A

abbr.

ampere 安

A1

[ˈeiˈwʌn]

adj.

第一等的

A's

abbr.

ampere 安

a

[D.J.:ei; ə]

[K.K.:e,ə]

art.

表示“一(个, 件…)

(非特指的)一(个)

(同类事物中的)任何一(个)

(用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的)每一

(用在某些物质名词和抽象名词前)一阵、一场、一种

a.

abbr.

adjective 形容词

a.

abbr.

adjective 形容词

an

[D.J.:æn,ən]

[K.K.:ən,æn]

art.

一(在元音字母前代替不定代词a)

A, a

1. A, a A's, a's
A is the first letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

2. A, a A's, a's
In music, A is the sixth note in the scale of C major.
N-VAR

3. A, a A's, a's
If you get an A as a mark for a piece of work or in an exam, your work is extremely good.
N-VAR

4. A, a
A or a is used as an abbreviation for words beginning with a, such as `acceleration', `ampère', or `answer'.

5. A, a
People talk about getting from A to B when they are referring generally to journeys they need to make, without saying where the journeys will take them.

- Cars are for getting people from A to B in maximum safety.

PHR: PHR after v

a *****

( A or an is the indefinite article. It is used at the beginning of noun groups which refer to only one person or thing. The form an is used in front of words that begin with vowel sounds.)

1. a or an
You use a or an when you are referring to someone or something for the first time or when people may not know which particular person or thing you are talking about.

- A waiter entered with a tray bearing a glass and a bottle of whiskey.

- He started eating an apple.

- Today you've got a new teacher taking you.

- I manage a hotel.

DET: DET sing-n

2. a or an
You use a or an when you are referring to any person or thing of a particular type and do not want to be specific.

- ...expensive make-up that we saw being advertised by a beautiful model...

- I suggest you leave it to an expert.

- Bring a sleeping bag.

- ...waiting for a bus.

DET: DET sing-n

3. a or an
You use a or an in front of an uncount noun when that noun follows an adjective, or when the noun is followed by words that describe it more fully.

- The islanders exhibit a constant happiness with life.

- He did have a real knowledge of the country.

- Baseball movies have gained an appreciation that far outstrips those dealing with any other sport.

DET: DET n-uncount with supp

4. a or an
You use a or an in front of a mass noun when you want to refer to a single type or make of something.

- Bollinger `RD' is a rare, highly prized wine.

DET: DET n-mass

5. a or an
You use a in quantifiers such as a lot , a little , and a bit .

- I spend a lot on expensive jewelry and clothing.

- I've come looking for a bit of advice.

DET: DET in quant

6. a or an
You use a or an to refer to someone or something as a typical member of a group, class, or type.

- Some parents believe a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.

- ...the operation a patient has had.

DET: DET sing-n

7. a or an
You use a or an in front of the names of days, months, or festivals when you are referring to one particular instance of that day, month, or festival.

- The interview took place on a Friday afternoon.

- It was a Christmas when shoppers passed by expensive silks in favor of more practical gifts.

DET: DET sing-n

8. a or an
You use a or an when you are saying what someone is or what job they have.

- I explained that I was an artist.

- He was now a teacher and a respectable member of the community.

DET: DET sing-n

9. a or an
You use a or an in front of the names of people as a way of indicating that you do not know them or anything about them and you are saying their name for the first time.

- The full address on a stick-on label was that of a Mrs P. R. Slater of Peterborough.

- A Dr Matthew Owens was reported missing while on an expedition to north-eastern Turkey.

DET: DET n-proper

10. a or an
You use a or an in front of the names of people when you want to refer to someone else who has the same qualities or character as the person named.

- When I listen to her play I can hear a new Nigel Kennedy.

DET: DET n-proper

11. a or an
You use a or an in front of a surname when you want to refer to someone who belongs to the family with that surname.

- As far as I can recall, Patti was a Smith.

DET: DET n-proper

12. a or an
You use a or an in front of the names of artists to refer to one individual painting or sculpture created by them.

- Most people have very little difficulty in seeing why a Van Gogh is a work of genius.

DET: DET n-proper

13. a or an
You use a or an instead of the number `one', especially with words of measurement such as `hundred', `hour', and `metre', and with fractions such as `half', `quarter', and `third'.

- ...more than a thousand acres of land.

- ...a quarter of an hour...

- The skirts were shortened an inch or two.

DET: DET sing-n

14. a or an
You use a or an in expressions such as eight hours a day to express a rate or ratio.

- Prices start at £13.95 a metre for printed cotton.

- The helicopter can zip along at about 150 kilometres an hour.

DET: num DET sing-n

an

an
An is used instead of `a', the indefinite article, in front of words that begin with vowel sounds: See also a .
DET

a-

pref.

表示"向着、至"之义

a-

a-
A- is added to the beginning of some adjectives in order to form adjectives that describe someone or something that does not have the feature or quality indicated by the original word.

- I'm a completely apolitical man.

- She was amoral but honest.

- ...her new asymmetrical haircut.

PREFIX

A & E

A & E
In Britain, A & E is the part of a hospital that deals with accidents and emergencies. A & E is an abbreviation for `accident and emergency'. (BRIT; in AM use ER )
N-UNCOUNT

AB

[D.J.:ˈeɪˌbi:]

[K.K.:ˈeˌbi]

abbr.

Airborne 空运

(历法)阿布月(即犹太教历5月)

AB

[D.J.:æb]

[K.K.:ˈeˌbi]

abbr.

Airborne 空运

(历法)阿布月(即犹太教历5月)

AB

AB ABs
In some American universities, an AB is the same as a BA .
N-COUNT

aback

[D.J.:əˈbæk]

[K.K.:əˈbæk]

adv.

猝不及防地；突然地

<航海>逆帆，逆风，使帆受逆风，处于顶风位置

be taken aback

大吃一惊，吓一跳

<航海>(帆船)突遇顶风而停止前进

adj.

<航海>处于顶风位置的

aback *

aback
If you are taken aback by something, you are surprised or shocked by it and you cannot respond at once.

- Roland was taken aback by our strength of feeling.

- Derek was taken aback when a man answered the phone.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft PHR by n

abacus

[D.J.:ˈæbəkəs, əˈbækəs]

[K.K.:ˈæbəkəs, əˈbækəs]

n.

算盘

<建>(圆柱)顶板

abacus

abacus abacuses
An abacus is a frame used for counting. It has rods with sliding beads on them.
N-COUNT

abalone

[D.J.:ˌæbəˈləuni]

[K.K.:ˌæbəˈloni, ˈæbəˌlo-]

n.

〈美〉鲍鱼(软体动物)

abalone

abalone abalones
Abalone is a shellfish that you can eat and that has a shiny substance called mother-of-pearl inside its shell.
N-VAR

abandon

[D.J.:əˈbændən]

[K.K.:əˈbændən]

vt.

离弃, 丢弃

遗弃, 抛弃

放弃

n.

放任; 纵情

abandoned

[D.J.:əˈbændənd]

[K.K.:əˈbændənd]

adj.

被抛弃的,自甘堕落的,没有约束的,放荡的

abandon ***

1. abandon abandons abandoning abandoned
If you abandon a place, thing, or person, you leave the place, thing, or person permanently or for a long time, especially when you should not do so.

- He claimed that his parents had abandoned him.

- The road is strewn with abandoned vehicles.

VB
≠ stay with

2. abandon abandons abandoning abandoned
If you abandon an activity or piece of work, you stop doing it before it is finished.

- The authorities have abandoned any attempt to distribute food in an orderly fashion.

- The scheme's investors, fearful of bankruptcy, decided to abandon the project.

VB
= give up ≠ continue

3. abandon abandons abandoning abandoned
If you abandon an idea or way of thinking, you stop having that idea or thinking in that way.

- Logic had prevailed and he had abandoned the idea.

VB
= give up

4. abandon abandons abandoning abandoned
If you abandon yourself to an emotion, you think about it a lot and feel it strongly, especially when other people might think you are wrong to do so.

- We are scared to abandon ourselves to our feelings in case we seem weak or out of control.

VB

5. abandon
If you say that someone does something with abandon , you mean that they behave in a wild, uncontrolled way and do not think or care about how they should behave.

- He has splashed dollars around with gay abandon.

- Their permissiveness toward their children reflects the wild abandon of their own lives.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with N disapproval

6. abandon
If people abandon ship , they get off a ship because it is sinking.

- The officers and crew prepared to abandon ship in an orderly fashion.

PHR: V inflects

abandoned ***

abandoned
An abandoned place or building is no longer used or occupied.

- All that digging had left a network of abandoned mines and tunnels.

- ...abandoned buildings that become a breeding ground for crime.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

abandon

verb

1.

leave

desert

forsake

strand

2.

give up

relinquish

surrender

yield

noun

3.

wildness

recklessness

abandonment

[D.J.:əˈbændəndmənt]

n.

放弃；抛弃；遗弃；放任

abandonment *

1. abandonment
The abandonment of a place, thing, or person is the act of leaving it permanently or for a long time, especially when you should not do so.

- ...memories of her father's complete abandonment of her.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

2. abandonment
The abandonment of a piece of work or activity is the act of stopping doing it before it is finished.

- Constant rain forced the abandonment of the next day's competitions.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. abandonment
The abandonment of an idea or way of thinking is the act of stopping having the idea or of stopping thinking in that way.

- ...the government's abandonment of the policy.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

abandonment

noun

leaving

dereliction

desertion

forsaking

abash

[D.J.:əˈbæʃ]

[K.K.:əˈbæʃ]

vt.

使羞愧, 使局促, 使窘迫

abashed

adj.

窘迫的，尴尬的

abashedly

adv.

窘迫地，尴尬地

abashedness

n.

窘迫，尴尬

abashed

[D.J.:əˈbæʃt]

adj.

窘迫的，尴尬的

不知所措的

abashed

abashed
If you are abashed , you feel embarrassed and ashamed. (WRITTEN)

- He seemed both abashed and secretly delighted at Dan's gift.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

abashed

adjective

embarrassed

ashamed

chagrined

disconcerted

dismayed

humiliated

mortified

shamefaced

taken aback

abate

[D.J.:əˈbeɪt]

[K.K.:əˈbet]

vt.

减少, 减轻, 减退

降价，对(价格)打折扣

减去，扣除，省略

撤消(诉讼)，废除(法令)

vi.

减少, 减轻, 减退;消除;缓和

撤消(诉讼)，废除(法令)；(法令等)被废除，(诉讼等)被撤消

abatable

adj.

可以降价的，可以撤消的，可以废除的

abatement

n.

减少, 减轻,折扣，废除，中止

abater

adj.

撤消者，废除者

abator

adj.

撤消者，废除者

abatement

[D.J.:əˈbeɪtmənt]

[K.K.:əˈbetmənt]

n.

减少, 减轻, 减退;消除;缓和

折扣，扣除量；(赋税、价格等的)削减额，减少额

废除，消除，失效，中止

abate *

abate abates abating abated.
If something bad or undesirable abates , it becomes much less strong or severe. (FORMAL)

- The storms had abated by the time they rounded Cape Horn.

- ...a crime wave that shows no sign of abating.

VB
= die down

abate

verb

decrease

decline

diminish

dwindle

fade

lessen

let up

moderate

relax

slacken

subside

weaken

abatement

abatement
Abatement means a reduction in the strength or power of something or the reduction of it. (FORMAL)

- It was not an environment conducive to the abatement of his hypochondria.

- ...noise abatement.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

abattoir

[D.J.:ˈæbəˌtwɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈæbəˌtwɑr]

n.

屠场

(拳击、摔跤、斗牛等的)角斗场

abattoir

abattoir abattoirs
An abattoir is a place where animals are killed in order to provide meat. (BRIT; in AM use slaughterhouse )
N-COUNT
= slaughterhouse

abbess

[D.J.:ˈæbɪs]

[K.K.:ˈæbɪs]

n.

女修道院院长

abbess

abbess abbesses
An abbess is the nun who is in charge of the other nuns in a convent.
N-COUNT

abbey

[D.J.:ˈæbi:]

[K.K.:ˈæbi]

n.

大修道院，大寺院，大教堂

(总称) 全院修士，全院修女

<英>属修道院的教堂

(曾作修道院的)乡村住宅

(the A-)威斯敏斯特大教堂

abbey **

abbey abbeys
An abbey is a church with buildings attached to it in which monks or nuns live or used to live.
N-COUNT

abbey

noun

monastery

convent

friary

nunnery

priory

abbot

[D.J.:ˈæbət]

[K.K.:ˈæbət]

n.

男修道院院长，隐修院院长，大寺院男住持，方丈

abbotship

n.

男修道院院长的职务

abbot

abbot abbots
An abbot is the monk who is in charge of the other monks in a monastery or abbey.
N-COUNT

abbreviate

[D.J.:əˈbri:vi:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:əˈbriviˌet]

vt.

使简短，缩简，缩略

使用缩写词

abbreviator

n.

使用缩写词的人

abbreviated

adj.

简短的,仅可蔽体的,小型的

abbreviator

[əˈbri:viˌeitə]

n.

缩写者

abbreviate

1. abbreviate abbreviates abbreviating abbreviated
If you abbreviate something, especially a word or a piece of writing, you make it shorter.

- He persuaded his son to abbreviate his first name to Alec.

VB
= shorten

2. abbreviated

- It was an abbreviated document without detailed proposals.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

abbreviate

verb

shorten

abridge

compress

condense

contract

cut

reduce

summarize

abbreviation

[D.J.:əˌbri:viˈeiʃən]

[K.K.:əˌbriviˈeʃən]

n.

缩写; 缩写词

abbreviation

abbreviation abbreviations
An abbreviation is a short form of a word or phrase, made by leaving out some of the letters or by using only the first letter of each word.

- The postal abbreviation for Kansas is KS.

N-COUNT

abbreviation

noun

shortening

abridgment

contraction

reduction

summary

synopsis

ABC

[D.J.:ˌeɪbi:ˈsi:]

[K.K.:ˌebiˈsi]

n.

(英用单;美 -s)字母表

(英 the ～;美 -s)识字，写字，拼词入门，基本读写技能

(常 -s)(一个学科的)基础知识

基础知识读物

<英>全国火车站及客运时刻一览表(以字母顺序排列，故名)，火车时刻表，铁路旅行指南

手册，指南，说明书

as easy as ABC

极其容易

as simple as ABC

极其容易

abbr.

A Better Chance (scholarship program for the poor)更好的机会(为穷人设的奖学金计划)

Aberrant Behavior Centre 脱离常轨的行为中心

Abridged Building Classification 节略建筑物等级

absolute basophil count 绝对嗜碱细胞数

aconite,belladonna,chloroform <药>乌头-颠茄-氯仿

Advanced Ballistic Computer 先进弹道计算机

advanced biomedical capsule 改进型生物医学容器

advanced booking charter 预定包机

Aerated Bread Company 充气面包公司

after bottom centre <机>下死点后

aggregate base course <建>骨料基层

Agricultural Bank of China 中国农业银行

air blast cooled 气流冷却的，鼓风冷却的

air bridge to Canada 通往加拿大的空运线

Alcoholic Beverage Control 酒精饮料控制

aluminium bronze casting 铝青铜铸件

American Bibliographical Centre 美国文献目录中心

American Bowling Congress 美国滚木球戏会议

American Brass Company 美国铜管乐器公司

American Broadcasting Company 美国广播公司

American Business Conference 美国商务会议

American Business Council 美国商业理事会

American-born Chinese 生于美国的或美籍的华人

American-British-Canadian Conference on Unification of Engineering Standards 美国-英国-加拿大工程标准统一会议

American-British-Canadian Standardization Agreement 美国-英国-加拿大标准化协议

American-British-Canadian 美国-英国-加拿大(三国)

Ammoniumbicarbonate 碳酸氢铵

Animal Birth Control 动物繁殖控制

Argentina-Brazil-Chile 阿根廷-巴西-智利(三国)

Asahi Broadcasting ompany (日本)朝日广播公司

ASEAN Banking Council 东盟银行理事会

Asian Banking Council 亚洲银行业协会

Assisi Bird Campaign 阿西西鸟运动

Associated British Cinemas 英国电影院联合会

atomic biological chemical原子生物化学战

Audit Bureau of Circulations 报刊发行数量审核局(美国、英国)

Australian Band Council 澳大利亚乐队协会

Australian Bankruptcy Cases 澳大利亚破产诉讼

Australian Baseball Council 澳大利亚垒球协会

Australian Bowling Council 澳大利亚滚木球戏协会

Australian Bridge Council 澳大利亚桥牌协会

Australian Broadcasting Commission 澳大利亚广播委员会

Australian Broadcasting Corporation 澳大利亚广播公司

automatic bandwidth control <无>自动带宽控制

automatic bass compensation 自动低音补偿；自动低音调整；自动低音控制

automatic beam control 自动射束控制

automatic bias compensation 自动偏差补偿

automatic bias control 自动偏压控制

automatic binary computer 自动二进制电子计算机

automatic boiler control system 锅炉自控系统

Automatic Boiling Column Reactor 自动沸腾柱反应堆

automatic coding system <计>自动编码系统

automation of bibliography through computerization通过用计算机处理的书目提要自动化

Automotive Boosters Clubs 汽车加速器俱乐部

control system ABC 存货控制系统

process accelerated biological chemical process 加速生物化学法

standard 标准抽样计划

the Asia Business Center <美>亚洲商务中心

ABC **

1. ABC
The ABC of a subject or activity is the parts of it that you have to learn first because they are the most important and basic.

- ...the ABC of Marxism.

N-SING: N of n

2. ABC ABCs
Children who have learned their ABC or their ABCs have learned to recognize, write, or say the alphabet. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: poss N

abdicable

adj.

可放弃的,可辞职的

abdicate

[D.J.:ˈæbdɪˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈæbdɪˌket]

vt.

放弃(职责、权力等)

vi.

退位;逊位

abdicable

adj.

可以放弃的

abdicative

adj.

放弃权力的，退位的

abdicator

n.

放弃权力者，退位者

abdication

[D.J.:ˌæbdɪˈkeɪʃən ]

n.

退位，辞职

(权力、权利、要求、职责、责任等的)放弃

abdicator

[ˈæbdikeitə]

n.

让位者,放弃者

abdicate

1. abdicate abdicates abdicating abdicated
If a king or queen abdicates , he or she gives up being king or queen.

- The last French king was Louis Philippe, who abdicated in 1848.

VB

2. abdication

- ...the most serious royal crisis since the abdication of Edward VIII.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

3. abdicate abdicates abdicating abdicated
If you say that someone has abdicated responsibility for something, you disapprove of them because they have refused to accept responsibility for it any longer. (FORMAL)

- Many parents simply abdicate all responsibility for their children.

VB disapproval

4. abdication

- There had been a complete abdication of responsibility.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

abdicate

verb

give up

abandon

quit

relinquish

renounce

resign

step down informal

abdication

noun

giving up

abandonment

quitting

renunciation

resignation

retirement

surrender

abdomen

[D.J.:ˈæbdəmən, æbˈdəʊmən]

[K.K.:ˈæbdəmən, æbˈdomən]

n.

腹(部)

abdominal

adj.

腹部的

abdominally

adv.

以腹部地

abdominal

[D.J.:æbˈdɔmənəl]

[K.K.:æbˈdɑmənəl]

adj.

腹部的

(鱼)有腹鳍的

n.

(常用复数)腹肌

abdomen *

abdomen abdomens
Your abdomen is the part of your body below your chest where your stomach and intestines are. (FORMAL)

- He went into hospital to undergo tests for a pain in his abdomen.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

abdominal *

abdominal
Abdominal is used to describe something that is situated in the abdomen or forms part of it. (FORMAL)

- ...vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain.

ADJ: ADJ n

abdominals

abdominals
You can refer to your abdominal muscles as your abdominals when you are talking about exercise.
N-PLURAL

abduct

[D.J.:æbˈdʌkt]

[K.K.:æbˈdʌkt]

vt.

劫持;诱拐

<生理>使(肢体等)外展

abduction

n.

绑架，拐骗，劫持

abductor

n.

绑架者，拐骗者，劫持者

abduction

[D.J.:əbˈdʌkʃən ]

n.

绑架，拐骗，劫持

<律>诱拐罪，拐带罪；劫持罪

<生理>外展，展，由外展所改变的位置

<逻>不明推论式，混合模态三段论

abductor

[D.J.:æbˈdʌktə]

[K.K.:æbˈdʌktɚ]

n.

绑架者，拐骗者，劫持者

<解剖>外展肌

abduct *

1. abduct abducts abducting abducted
If someone is abducted by another person, he or she is taken away illegally, usually using force.

- He was on his way to the airport when his car was held up and he was abducted by four gunmen.

- She was sent for trial yesterday charged with abducting a six-month-old child.

VB
= kidnap

2. abduction abductions

- ...the abduction of four black youths from a church hostel in Soweto.

N-VAR

3. abductor abductors

- She co-operated with her abductor for fear that something might happen to the child.

N-COUNT

abduct

verb

kidnap

carry off

seize

snatch slang

abduction

noun

kidnapping

carrying off

seizure

aberrance

[æˈberəns]

n.

脱离正道,越轨,反常,[生物]变异,畸变

aberrant

[D.J.:æˈberənt, ˈæbə-]

[K.K.:æˈbɛrənt, ˈæbə-]

adj.

离开正路的,脱离常规的,变形的

与正确(或真实情况)相背的

<生物>异常的；畸变的，变态的

n.

离开正路的人，偏离常规的物，反常的人(或事)

<生物>畸变生物(群)；畸变器官

aberrance

n.

反常；异常；畸变

aberrantly

adv.

反常地；异常地

aberrant

aberrant
Aberrant means unusual and not socially acceptable. (FORMAL)

- Ian's rages and aberrant behavior worsened.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

aberration

[D.J.:ˌæbəˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæbəˈreʃən]

n.

偏差; 越轨

差错; 毛病

aberration *

1. aberration aberrations
An aberration is an incident or way of behaving that is not typical. (FORMAL)

- It became very clear that the incident was not just an aberration, it was not just a single incident.

N-VAR

2. aberration aberrations
If someone considers a person or their behaviour to be an aberration , they think that they are strange and not socially acceptable. (FORMAL)

- Single people are treated as an aberration and made to pay a supplement.

- ...sexual aberration.

N-VAR disapproval

aberration

noun

oddity

abnormality

anomaly

defect

irregularity

lapse

peculiarity

quirk

abet

[D.J.:əˈbet]

[K.K.:əˈbɛt]

vt.

教唆(犯罪)；煽动；怂恿

支持；帮助；鼓励

aid and abet

帮助;同谋

abetment

n.

教唆，煽动，怂恿；支持，帮助，鼓励

abetment

[əˈbetmənt]

n.

教唆,煽动,帮助,支持

abet

1. abet abets abetting abetted
If one person abets another, they help or encourage them to do something criminal or wrong. (FORMAL or LEGAL) Abet is often used in the legal expression `aid and abet'.

- His wife was sentenced to seven years imprisonment for aiding and abetting him.

- We shall strike hard, without flinching, at terrorists and those who abet them.

VB

2. abet abets abetting abetted
To abet something, especially something bad or undesirable, means to make it possible. (FORMAL or JOURNALISM)

- The media have also abetted the feeling of unreality.

VB disapproval

abet

verb

help

aid

assist

connive at

support

abeyance

[D.J.:əˈbeɪəns]

[K.K.:əˈbeəns]

n.

暂停，暂缓，暂搁，中止

<律>(土地)所有权等的未决，未定，待定

fall into abeyance

(法律、规则、习俗等)中止，失效，不复为人们所遵循

go into abeyance

(法律、规则、习俗等)中止，失效，不复为人们所遵循

in abeyance

处于暂时搁置(或中止)状态，挂起来

处于归属待定状态，所有权未定

(法律、规则等)暂时失效，暂缓执行

abeyant

adj.

暂时搁置的；所有权未定的；暂缓执行的

abeyant

[əˈbeiənt]

adj.

中止的,暂时搁置的

abeyance

abeyance
If something is in abeyance , it is not operating or being used at the present time. (FORMAL)

- The Russian threat is, at the least, in abeyance.

- The matter was left in abeyance until Haig saw French.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

abeyance

noun

in abeyance

shelved

hanging fire

on ice informal

pending

suspended

abhor

[D.J.:æbˈhɔ:]

[K.K.:æbˈhɔr]

vt.

憎恶, 厌恶, 讨厌

(厌恶地)回避；拒绝；淘汰

abhorrer

n.

厌恶者，拒绝者

abhorrer

n.

憎恶者,厌恶者

abhor

abhor abhors abhorring abhorred
If you abhor something, you hate it very much, especially for moral reasons. (FORMAL)

- He was a man who abhorred violence and was deeply committed to reconciliation.

- If nature abhors a vacuum, journalists abhor a transition, when there is little news to cover.

VB
= detest

abhor

verb

hate

abominate

detest

loathe

shrink from

shudder at

abhorrence

[D.J.:æbˈhɔ:rəns, -ˈhɔr-]

[K.K.:æbˈhɔrəns, -ˈhɑr-]

n.

厌恶,憎恨

令人憎恶的事或人，极讨厌的东西

abhorrence

abhorrence
Someone's abhorrence of something is their strong hatred of it. (FORMAL)

- They are anxious to show their abhorrence of racism.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft poss N, N of n
= hatred

abhorrent

[D.J.:æbˈhɔ:rənt, -ˈhɔr-]

[K.K.:æbˈhɔrənt, -ˈhɑr-]

adj.

令人厌恶的

(be ～ of)憎恶的；讨厌的

(be ～ to)相抵触的；不符的

(be ～ from)不相容的；背离的

(be ～ from)持异议的；强烈反对的

abhorrently

adv.

令人厌恶地

abhorrent

abhorrent
If something is abhorrent to you, you hate it very much or consider it completely unacceptable. (FORMAL)

- Racial discrimination is abhorrent to my council and our staff.

- There are many people who still find the act of abortion abhorrent.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n

abhorrent

adjective

hateful

abominable

disgusting

distasteful

hated

horrid

loathsome

offensive

repulsive

abide

[D.J.:əˈbaid]

[K.K.:əˈbaɪd]

vt.

容忍, 忍受

等候

vi.

逗留, 居住

abide

abide
If you can't abide someone or something, you dislike them very much.

- I can't abide people who can't make up their minds.

- She couldn't abide his success.

PHR: with brd-neg
= can't stand

See also abiding , law-abiding .

abide

verb

tolerate

accept

bear

endure

put up with

stand

suffer

abide by *

abide by abides by; abiding by; abided by
If you abide by a law, agreement, or decision, you do what it says you should do.

- They have got to abide by the rules.

PHR-V

abide by

verb

obey

agree to

comply with

conform to

follow

observe

submit to

abiding

[D.J.:əˈbaɪdɪŋ]

[K.K.:əˈbaɪdɪŋ]

adj.

持久的,永久的

abidingly

adv.

持久地,永久地

abidingness

n.

持久,永久

abidingly

adv.

永久地,不变地

abiding *

abiding
An abiding feeling, memory, or interest is one that you have for a very long time.

- He has a genuine and abiding love of the craft.

- One of my abiding memories of him is of his singing to a small private party.

- The folk-song world was another of his abiding interests.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= lasting ≠ short-lived

abiding

adjective

everlasting

continuing

enduring

lasting

permanent

persistent

unchanging

ability

[D.J.:əˈbiliti]

[K.K.:əˈbɪlɪti]

n.

能力; 力量

智慧, 才智; 天资

ability ****

1. ability
Your ability to do something is the fact that you can do it.

- The public never had faith in his ability to handle the job.

- He has the ability to bring out the best in others.

N-SING: N to-inf, oft with poss
= capability

2. ability abilities
Your ability is the quality or skill that you have which makes it possible for you to do something.

- Her drama teacher spotted her ability.

- I have confidence in the ability of the players.

- They repeatedly questioned his leadership abilities.

- Does the school cater for all abilities?

N-VAR: oft with poss

3. ability
If you do something to the best of your abilities or to the best of your ability , you do it as well as you can.

- I take care of them to the best of my abilities.

- They tackled them to the best of their ability.

PHR

ability

noun

skill

aptitude

capability

competence

expertise

proficiency

talent

-ability

-ability
-ability replaces `-able' at the end of adjectives to form nouns. Nouns formed in this way refer to the state or quality described by the adjectives.

- ...the desirability of much closer political union...

- No one ever questioned her capability.

SUFFIX

abject

[D.J.:ˈæbˌdʒekt, æbˈdʒekt]

[K.K.:ˈæbˌdʒɛkt, æbˈdʒɛkt]

adj.

(指境况)凄惨的;绝望的

糟透的，蹩脚的

卑鄙的，卑劣的

卑躬屈膝的，奴性的

n.

<古>弃儿

abjectly

adv.

凄惨地;绝望地；糟透地，蹩脚地

abjectness

n.

凄惨;绝望；卑鄙，卑劣

abjectedness

n.

凄惨;绝望；卑鄙，卑劣

abjectly

adv.

悲惨地,卑鄙地

abject *

1. abject
You use abject to emphasize that a situation or quality is extremely bad.

- Both of them died in abject poverty.

- This scheme was an abject failure.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis
= total

2. abjectly

- Both have failed abjectly.

ADV-GRADED

3. abject
If you describe someone as abject , you think they have no courage or respect for themselves. (LITERARY)

- He sounded abject and eager to please.

- He looked back at the abject, silent girl and repeated his question.

ADJ-GRADED

abject

adjective

1.

miserable

deplorable

forlorn

hopeless

pitiable

wretched

2.

servile

cringing

degraded

fawning

grovelling

submissive

abjuration

[ˌæbdʒuəˈreiʃən]

n.

放弃,发誓断绝

abjure

[D.J.:æbˈdʒʊə]

[K.K.:æbˈdʒʊr]

vt.

发誓放弃;郑重放弃(意见)，正式放弃(信仰、主张等)；宣布撤回(声明等)

避免；节制；戒除

abjuration

n.

发誓弃绝

abjuratory

adj.

发誓弃绝的；正式放弃的

abjurer

n.

发誓弃绝者；正式放弃者

abjuror

n.

发誓弃绝者；正式放弃者

abjure

abjure abjures abjuring abjured
If you abjure something such as a belief or way of life, you state publicly that you will give it up or that you reject it. (FORMAL)

- He abjured the Protestant faith and became King in 1594.

- ...countries whose officials abjure bribery.

VB

ablaze

[D.J.:əˈbleɪz]

[K.K.:əˈblez]

adj.&adv.

着火;熊熊燃烧

明亮;灿烂；闪耀；发光

非常激动

ablaze *

1. ablaze
Something that is ablaze is burning very fiercely.

- Shops, houses, and vehicles were set ablaze.

ADJ: v n ADJ, v-link ADJ

2. ablaze
If a place is ablaze with lights or colours, it is very bright because of them.

- The chamber was ablaze with light.

- In spring, the valleys are ablaze with colour.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n

3. ablaze
If someone is ablaze , or if their eyes are ablaze , their expression shows that they are feeling a strong emotion, such as great excitement or anger.

- He was ablaze with enthusiasm.

- Her voice is passionate. Her eyes are ablaze.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n

ablaze

adjective

on fire

aflame

alight

blazing

burning

fiery

flaming

ignited

lighted

able

[D.J.:ˈeibl]

[K.K.:ˈebəl]

adj.

能够…的, 得以…的

有才干的, 有本事的

able *****

1. able
If you are able to do something, you have skills or qualities which make it possible for you to do it.

- The older child should be able to prepare a simple meal.

- The company say they're able to keep pricing competitive.

- They seemed able to work together very efficiently.

PHR-MODAL
= can ≠ be unable to

2. able
If you are able to do something, you have enough freedom, power, time, or money to do it.

- You'll be able to read in peace.

- Have you been able to have any kind of contact?.

- It would be nice to be able to afford to retire earlier.

PHR-MODAL
= can ≠ be unable to

3. able abler ablest
Someone who is able is very clever or very good at doing something.

- ...one of the brightest and ablest members of the government...

- They are bright, intelligent, able and confident.

ADJ-GRADED
= clever gifted

able

adjective

capable

accomplished

competent

efficient

proficient

qualified

skilful

-able

-able
-able combines with verbs to form adjectives. Adjectives formed in this way describe someone or something that can have a particular thing done to them. For example, if something is avoidable, it can be avoided.

- Tragic as these deaths are, they are avoidable.

- He was an admirable chairman.

SUFFIX

able-bodied

[D.J.:ˈeɪbəlˈbɔdi:d]

[K.K.:ˈebəlˈbɑdid]

adj.

体格健全的，强壮的

熟练的

able-bodiedness

n.

体格健全，强壮;熟练

able-bodied

1. able-bodied
An able-bodied person is physically strong and healthy, rather than weak or disabled.

- The gym can be used by both able-bodied and disabled people.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ disabled

2. able-bodied
The able-bodied are people who are able-bodied.
N-PLURAL: the N

able-bodied

adjective

strong

fit

healthy

robust

sound

sturdy

ablutions

ablutions
Someone's ablutions are all the activities that are involved in washing himself or herself. (FORMAL or HUMOROUS)
N-PLURAL: oft poss N

ably

[D.J.:ˈeɪblɪ]

adv.

精明强干地；灵巧地；巧妙地；熟练地

ably

ably
Ably means skilfully and successfully.

- He was ably assisted by a number of members from the Middlesex branches.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

abnormal

[D.J.:æbˈnɔ:məl]

[K.K.:æbˈnɔrməl]

adj.

反常的, 异常的; 变态的

abnormally

[D.J.:æbˈnɔ:məlɪ ]

adv.

不正常地

abnormal *

1. abnormal
Someone or something that is abnormal is unusual, especially in a way that is worrying. (FORMAL)

- ...abnormal heart rhythms and high anxiety levels.

- ...a child with an abnormal fear of strangers.

ADJ-GRADED

2. abnormally

- ...abnormally high levels of glucose...

- This stops the cells from growing abnormally.

ADV: usu ADV adj/adv, also ADV with v

abnormal

adjective

unusual

atypical

exceptional

extraordinary

irregular

odd

peculiar

strange

uncommon

abnormalities

异常情况

abnormality

[D.J.:ˌæbnɔ:ˈmælɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌæbnɔrˈmælɪti]

n.

(身体、行为等)不正常,反常,变态,畸形

(常用复数)反常情况；畸形物

abnormality *

abnormality abnormalities
An abnormality in something, especially in a person's body or behaviour, is an unusual part or feature of it that may be worrying or dangerous. (FORMAL)

- Further scans are required to confirm the diagnosis of an abnormality.

- Genetic abnormalities are more often associated with faults in paternal DNA than in maternal DNA.

N-VAR

abnormality

noun

oddity

deformity

exception

irregularity

peculiarity

singularity

strangeness

aboard

[D.J.:əˈbɔ:d]

[K.K.:əˈbɔrd, əˈbord]

prep.

在(船、飞机、车)上, 上(船、飞机、车)

adv.

在船(或飞机、车)上, 上船(或飞机、车)

aboard **

1. aboard
If you are aboard a ship or plane, you are on it or in it.

- She invited 750 people aboard the luxury yacht, the Savarona.

- They said goodbye to him as he got aboard the train at Union Station.

PREP
= on board

2. aboard
Also an adverb.

- It had taken two hours to load all the people aboard.

- The United States has a naval task force offshore, with two thousand marines aboard.

ADV: ADV after v
= on board

abode

[D.J.:əˈbəʊd]

[K.K.:əˈbod]

n.

住所；公寓

<古>(在某地的)暂住，居留；逗留

vt.

abide的过去式和过去分词

<古>预兆，预示

abodement

n.

预兆，预示

abode

1. abode abodes
Your abode is the place where you live. (FORMAL)

- I went round the streets and found his new abode.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

2. abode
If someone has no fixed abode , they are homeless. (LEGAL)

- In any local hospital 30 per cent of psychiatric beds are occupied by people of no fixed abode.

PHR: oft of PHR

3. abode
If someone is given the right of abode in a particular country, they are legally allowed to live there. (LEGAL)

- Outsiders who wed islanders are given only three years' right of abode at first.

PHR: oft PHR in n

abode

noun

home

domicile

dwelling

habitat

habitation

house

lodging

pad slang

quarters

residence

abolish

[D.J.:əˈbɔliʃ]

[K.K.:əˈbɑlɪʃ]

vt.

废除, 废止

abolish **

abolish abolishes abolishing abolished
If someone in authority abolishes a system or practice, they formally put an end to it.

- The following year Parliament voted to abolish the death penalty for murder.

- The whole system should be abolished.

VB

abolish

verb

do away with

annul

cancel

destroy

eliminate

end

eradicate

put an end to

quash

rescind

revoke

stamp out

abolition

[D.J.:ˌæbəˈlɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæbəˈlɪʃən]

n.

废除, 废止

(常用A-)<美史>黑奴制度的废除，废奴运动

(常用A-)<英史>奴隶贩卖的制止，奴隶制度的废除

abolitional

n.

废除的, 废止的

abolition *

abolition
The abolition of something such as a system or practice is its formal ending.

- The abolition of slavery in Brazil and the Caribbean closely followed the pattern of the United States.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, usu with supp, oft N of n

abolition

noun

ending

cancellation

destruction

elimination

end

extermination

termination

wiping out

abolitionist

[D.J.:ˌæbəˈlɪʃɵnɪst]

n.

废除主义者；废奴主义者

adj.

废除主义者的；主张废除主义的

(国家)已废除死刑的

abolitionist

abolitionist abolitionists
An abolitionist is someone who campaigns for the abolition of a particular system or practice.

- By 1838, the abolitionists had shamed parliament into ending slavery in British colonies.

- As long as most people are happy to have the monarchy, the abolitionist position is an arrogant fantasy.

N-COUNT: oft N n

A-bomb

[D.J.:ˈeɪˌbɔm]

[K.K.:ˈeˌbɑm]

n.

原子弹

<俚>速度特快的赛车

<俚>(以大麻叶和鸦片等卷成的)强麻醉品香烟，强力麻醉烟卷

vt.

用原子弹轰击或轰炸

A-bomber

n.

制造原子弹者

A-bomb

A-bomb A-bombs
An A-bomb is an atomic bomb.
N-COUNT

abominable

[D.J.:əˈbɔmənəbəl]

[K.K.:əˈbɑmənəbəl]

adj.

讨厌的, 可恶的

糟糕的, 极坏的

令人极为不快的,(天气、食物等)令人作呕的

abominableness

n.

讨厌, 可恶

abominably

adv.

恶劣地；令人厌恶地

abominably

[D.J.:əˈbɔmənəbli ]

adv.

恶劣地；令人厌恶地

abominable

1. abominable
Something that is abominable is very unpleasant or bad.

- The President described the killings as an abominable crime.

- English food can be wonderful but the normal English diet is abominable.

ADJ-GRADED
= detestable

2. abominably

- Chloe has behaved abominably.

- Wallis was harsh, dominating, often abominably rude.

ADV: ADV after v, ADV -ed/adj

abominable

adjective

terrible

despicable

detestable

disgusting

hateful

horrible

horrid

repulsive

revolting

vile

abomination

[D.J.:əˌbɔməˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:əˌbɑməˈneʃən]

n.

嫌恶,深恶痛绝

令人憎恶的人或事物

可憎恶的或卑劣的习惯或行为

abomination

abomination abominations
If you say that something is an abomination , you think that it is completely unacceptable. (FORMAL)

- What is happening is an abomination.

N-COUNT disapproval
= outrage

aboriginal

[D.J.:ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənəl]

[K.K.:ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənəl]

adj.

(据文献记载)最早就存在的，最早就有的

(尤指人)从很早的时期就居住于某地的;土著的

土著居民的，具有土著人特征的

(A-)澳洲土著居民的

n.

土生动物(或植物)

土著居民；澳大利亚土著居民

(某国的)公民

aboriginality

n.

土著人特征

aboriginally

adv.

最早就存在；最早就有

aboriginality

[ˌæbəridʒəˈnæliti]

n.

原始状态,本土性

aboriginally

adv.

从最初,原来

aboriginal *

1. aboriginal aboriginals
An Aboriginal is an Australian Aborigine.

- He remained fascinated by the Aboriginals' tales.

N-COUNT
= Aborigine

2. aboriginal
Aboriginal means belonging or relating to the Australian Aborigines.

- ...Aboriginal art.

- ...a protest over Aboriginal land rights.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. aboriginal
The aboriginal people or animals of a place are ones that have been there from the earliest known times or that were there before people or animals from other countries arrived.

- Most Canadians acknowledge that the aboriginal people have had a rotten deal.

ADJ: ADJ n
= native indigenous

Aborigines

[ˌæbəˈridʒini:z]

n.

澳大利亚土著居民,土生动物(或植物)群

Aborigine

Aborigine Aborigines
Aborigines are members of the tribes that were living in Australia when Europeans arrived there.
N-COUNT: usu pl
= Aboriginal

abort

[D.J.:əˈbɔ:t]

[K.K.:əˈbɔrt]

vt. & vi.

(使)流产, (使)堕胎

(使)(某事物)中止, 夭折

(因故障等而)(使)(飞机、宇宙飞船、导弹等)中断飞行;(使)(飞行任务等)中途失败

vt.

抑制(病的)发展

压制；平息

vi.

(动植物器官)败育，发育不全，退化，顿挫

n.

(飞机、火箭或宇宙飞船等的)中止飞行；中途失败；(飞行任务的)中辍

中途失败的行动

<美>(导致计划、试验等中辍的)发生故障的机件

aborter

n.

abortifacient

n.

堕胎药

adj.

堕胎的，引起流产的

abortion

n.

小产，流产；小产胎儿，流产胎儿；(计划)等中止或夭折；<生>败育

abortionism

n.

有权流产主义

abortionist

n.

有权流产主义者，(尤指非法)体认堕胎者

abortive

adj.

落空的,失败的;<生>败育的；(药)有堕胎作用的；(病情)顿挫性的；流产的，小产的

n.

堕胎药；流产，小产

aborted

[əˈbɔ:tid]

adj.

流产的,失败的

abortifacient

[D.J.:əˌbɔ:tiˈfeiʃənt]

[K.K.:əˌbɔrtəˈfeʃənt]

n.

堕胎药

adj.

堕胎的

abortion

[D.J.:əˈbɔ:ʃən]

[K.K.:əˈbɔrʃən]

n.

人工流产(手术), 堕胎

(计划等)失败, 中止

abortionism

[əˈbɔ:ʃənizəm]

n.

有权流产主义,对流产权的支持

abortionist

[D.J.:əˈbɔ:ʃənist]

[K.K.:əˈbɔrʃənɪst]

n.

(尤指非法)为人堕胎者

abortive

[D.J.:əˈbɔ:tɪv]

[K.K.:əˈbɔrtɪv]

adj.

落空的,失败的

<生>(动植物器官)败育的，发育不全的，发展不完全的，不 发育的

<医>(病情)顿挫性的

<药>有堕胎作用的，引起流产的

<废>流产的，小产的；(未成熟就)提前发生的

n.

<药>堕胎药

<医>流产，小产

abortively

adv.

落空地,失败地

abortiveness

n.

落空,失败

abortively

adv.

流产地,失败地

abort *

1. abort aborts aborting aborted
If an unborn baby is aborted , the pregnancy is ended deliberately and the baby is not born alive. (FORMAL)

- Ruth Ellis gunned down the lover who walked out on her after she had aborted their child.

- ...the latest date at which a foetus can be aborted.

- ...tissue from aborted fetuses.

VB

2. abort aborts aborting aborted
If someone aborts a process, plan, or activity, they stop it before it has been completed.

- When the decision was made to abort the mission, there was great confusion.

- The take-off was aborted.

- A military guard was injured in the aborted coup.

VB

abort

verb

1.

terminate a pregnancy

miscarry

2.

stop

arrest

axe informal

call off

check

end

fail

halt

terminate

abortion ***

abortion abortions
If a woman has an abortion , she ends her pregnancy deliberately so that the baby is not born alive.

- He and his girlfriend had been going out together for a year when she had an abortion.

- ...anti-abortion groups...

- He and his wife both strongly support abortion rights.

N-VAR

abortion

noun

termination

deliberate miscarriage

miscarriage

abortionist

abortionist abortionists
An abortionist is someone who performs abortions, usually illegally.

- She knew who to ask about finding an abortionist.

N-COUNT
See also anti-abortionist .

abortive *

abortive
An abortive attempt or action is unsuccessful. (FORMAL)

- ...an abortive attempt to prevent the current President from taking office.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= failed

abortive

adjective

failed

fruitless

futile

ineffectual

miscarried

unsuccessful

useless

vain

abound

[D.J.:əˈbaund]

[K.K.:əˈbaʊnd]

vi.

大量存在; 充满, 富于

abounding

adj.

丰富的,大量的

abound *

abound abounds abounding abounded
If things abound , or if a place abounds with things, there are very large numbers of them. (FORMAL)

- Stories abound about when he was in charge.

- Venice abounds in famous hotels.

- The book abounds with close-up images from space.

VB

abound

verb

be plentiful

flourish

proliferate

swarm

swell

teem

thrive

abounding

adjective

plentiful

abundant

bountiful

copious

full

profuse

prolific

rich

about

[D.J.:əˈbaut]

[K.K.:əˈbaʊt]

prep.

(表示位置)在…周围; 在…的各处; 在…的附近

(表示对象)对, 对于

(表示原因)由于, 因为

(表示论及)关于; 涉及; 在…方面

(表示所属)属于, 体现在…身上

(表示过程)忙于, 从事

(表示伴随)在身边

adv.

大约, 差不多

在四周, 处处

在附近

about *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, about is used after some verbs, nouns, and adjectives to introduce extra information. About is also often used after verbs of movement, such as `walk' and `drive', and in phrasal verbs such as `mess about' and `set about', especially in British English.)

1. about
You use about to introduce who or what something relates to or concerns.

- She came in for a coffee, and told me about her friend Shona.

- She knew a lot about food.

- ...advice about exercise and diet...

- He never complains about his wife.

PREP

2. about
When you mention the things that an activity or institution is about , you are saying what it involves or what its aims are.

- Leadership is about the ability to implement change.

PREP

3. about
You use about after some adjectives to indicate the person or thing that a feeling or state of mind relates to.

- `I'm sorry about Patrick,' she said.

- I feel so guilty and angry about the whole issue.

PREP

4. about
If you do something about a problem, you take action in order to solve it.

- Rachel was going to do something about Jacob.

- He said he'd ask Nina for a divorce, but he never did anything about it.

PREP

5. about
When you say that there is a particular quality about someone or something, you mean that they have this quality.

- There was a warmth and passion about him I never knew existed..

- I think there's something a little peculiar about the results of your test.

PREP

6. about
About is used in front of a number to show that the number is not exact.

- In my local health centre there's about forty parking spaces.

- The rate of inflation is running at about 2.7 percent.

ADV: ADV num
= approximately ≠ precisely

7. about
If someone or something moves about , they keep moving in different directions.

- The house isn't big, what with three children running about.

ADV: ADV after v
= around

8. about
Also a preposition.

- From 1879 to 1888 he wandered about Germany, Switzerland, and Italy.

- His hair was drifting about his shoulders like dirty snow.

PREP: v PREP n
= around

9. about
If you put something about a person or thing, you put it around them.

- Helen threw her arms about him.

- She was elegantly dressed with a double strand of pearls about her neck.

PREP
= round around

10. about
If someone or something is about , they are present or available.

- There's lots of money about these days for schemes like this.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

11. about
If you are about to do something, you are going to do it very soon. If something is about to happen, it will happen very soon.

- I think he's about to leave.

- Argentina has lifted all restrictions on trade and visas are about to be abolished.

- The film was about to start.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to-inf

12. about
If someone is out and about , they are going out and doing things, especially after they have been unable to for a while.

- Despite considerable pain she has been getting out and about almost as normal.

- The regulations were relaxed and the prisoners could get out and about a bit.

PHR: usu PHR after v, also v-link PHR

13. about
If someone is out and about , they are going to a lot of different places, often as part of their job.

- They knew that I was again on the scene because they saw me out and about.

PHR: usu PHR after v, also v-link PHR

about

preposition

1.

regarding

as regards

concerning

dealing with

on

referring to

relating to

2.

near

adjacent to

beside

circa used with dates

close to

nearby

adverb

3.

nearly

almost

approaching

approximately

around

close to

more or less

roughly

about-face

[D.J.:əˌbautˈfeis]

[K.K.:əˈbaʊtˈfes]

v.

向后转,大改变,倒转,彻底改变

about-face

about-face about-faces
An about-face is a complete change of attitude or opinion.

- Few observers believe the president will do an about-face and start spending more.

N-COUNT
= about-turn volte-face

about-turn

[əˌbautˈtə:n]

v.

向后转,大改变 向后转,作大改变

about-turn

about-turn about-turns
An about-turn is the same as an about-face . (BRIT; in AM use about-face )

- The decision was seen as an about-turn for the Government.

N-COUNT

above

[D.J.:əˈbʌv]

[K.K.:əˈbʌv]

prep.

(表示位置)在…正上方

(表示方向)在…的另一侧; 在…往北

(表示比较)优于, 胜于; 较…更为; 高出

(表示环境)处在…之中; 逆着, 透过

(表示程度)超过, 超越; 为…所不及

(表示等级)在…之上, 高于

(表示否定)不受…的影响; 不至于

(表示数目)超过, 超出

adv.

在上面

以上

上述

above ****

1. above
If one thing is above another one, it is directly over it or higher than it.

- He lifted his hands above his head.

- Apartment 46 was a quiet apartment, unlike the one above it.

- He was staring into the mirror above him.

PREP

2. above
Also an adverb.

- A long scream sounded from somewhere above.

- ...a picture of the new plane as seen from above...

- There are five bedrooms, a large attic above, and wine cellars below.

ADV: ADV after v, from ADV
≠ below

3. above
In writing, you use above to refer to something that has already been mentioned or discussed.

- Several conclusions could be drawn from the results described above.

- Full details are in the table above.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV
≠ below

4. above
Also a noun.

- For additional information, contact any of the above.

N-SING-COLL: the N

5. above
Also an adjective.

- For a copy of their brochure, write to the above address.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. above
If an amount or measurement is above a particular level, it is greater than that level.

- The temperature crept up to just above 40 degrees.

- Victoria Falls has had above average levels of rainfall this year.

- These plants must be stored in the light at above freezing temperature.

- Government spending is planned to rise 3 per cent above inflation.

PREP
≠ below

7. above
Also an adverb.

- Banks have been charging 25 percent and above for unsecured loans.

ADV: amount and ADV

8. above
If you hear one sound above another, it is louder or clearer than the second one.

- ...trying to talk above the noise...

- Then there was a woman's voice, rising shrilly above the barking.

PREP
= over

9. above
If someone is above you, they are in a higher social position than you or in a position of authority over you.

- I know you're above me socially, but I must say I find your attitude offensive.

- I married above myself -- rich county people.

- Look at the people above you in the positions of power and see what type of characters they are.

PREP
≠ below

10. above
Also an adverb.

- The policemen admitted beating the student, but said they were acting on orders from above.

ADV: from ADV

11. above
If you say that someone is getting above themself , you disapprove of them because they think they are better than everyone else. (BRIT)

- I just think you're getting a little bit above yourself.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

12. above
If you say that someone thinks they are above something, you mean that they act as if they are too good or important for it.

- This was clearly a failure by someone who thought he was above failure.

- I'm not above doing my own cleaning.

PREP disapproval

13. above
If someone is above criticism or suspicion, they cannot be criticized or suspected because of their good qualities or their position.

- The Queen remains above criticism, apart from the issue of her tax liability.

- He was a respected academic and above suspicion.

PREP: v-link PREP n
= beyond

14. above
If you value one person or thing above any other, you value them more or consider that they are more important.

- ...his tendency to put the team above everything...

- I want to be honest, honest above everything else.

PREP

above

preposition

over

beyond

exceeding

higher than

on top of

upon

abracadabra

[D.J.:ˌæbrəkəˈdæbrə]

[K.K.:ˌæbrəkəˈdæbrə]

int.

咒语,咒符

无稽之谈，莫名其妙的话，胡言乱语

(魔术师表演时的)念词

高级特技飞行

abracadabra

abracadabra
Abracadabra is a word that someone says when they are performing a magic trick in order to make the magic happen.
EXCLAM

abrade

[D.J.:əˈbreɪd]

[K.K.:əˈbred]

vt.

刮擦,磨损

<喻>(在精神方面)折磨(人)；消磨(意志、精神等)；使精疲力尽；使厌烦；激怒

vi.

经受磨损；受擦伤

abradable

adj.

abrader

n.

abrader

n.

磨石,研磨器

abrading

研磨

abrade

abrade abrades abrading abraded
To abrade something means to scrape or wear down its surface by rubbing it. (FORMAL)

- ...the grazed patches on her hands where the brutally rough rock has abraded the skin.

VB

abrasion

[D.J.:əˈbreɪʒən]

[K.K.:əˈbreʒən]

n.

磨损,擦掉

擦伤处,磨损处

<喻>摩擦；刺激

<地质>磨蚀(作用)

abrasion

abrasion abrasions
An abrasion is an area on a person's body where the skin has been scraped. (FORMAL)

- He had severe abrasions to his right cheek.

N-COUNT
= graze cut

abrasion

noun Medical

graze

chafe

scrape

scratch

scuff

surface injury

abrasive

[D.J.:əˈbreɪsɪv, -zɪv]

[K.K.:əˈbresɪv, -zɪv]

adj.

摩擦的；磨损的

有磨蚀作用的

使人厌烦的;粗鲁的

n.

(研)磨料；磨蚀剂

<地质>磨蚀岩屑

abrasively

adv.

abrasiveness

n.

abrasiveness

磨耗,磨蚀,磨损性,磨蚀性

abrasive *

1. abrasive
Someone who has an abrasive manner is unkind and rude.

- His abrasive manner has won him an unenviable notoriety.

- Pamela was unrepentant about her strong language and abrasive remarks.

ADJ-GRADED
= harsh

2. abrasive
An abrasive substance is rough and can be used to clean hard surfaces.

- ...a new all-purpose, non-abrasive cleaner that cleans and polishes all metals.

ADJ-GRADED

3. abrasive abrasives
An abrasive is a substance that is rough and can be used to clean hard surfaces.

- Avoid abrasives, which can damage the tiles.

N-MASS

abrasive

adjective

1.

unpleasant

caustic

cutting

galling

grating

irritating

rough

sharp

2.

rough

chafing

grating

scraping

scratchy

abreast

[D.J.:əˈbrest]

[K.K.:əˈbrɛst]

adv.

并列, 并排

abreast *

1. abreast
If people or things walk or move abreast , they are next to each other, side by side, and facing in the same direction.

- The steep pavement was too narrow for them to walk abreast.

- ...a group of youths riding their motorbikes four abreast.

ADV: ADV after v, num ADV

2. abreast
If you are abreast of someone or something, you are level with them or in line with them.

- As he drew abreast of the man he pretended to stumble.

PHR-PREP

3. abreast
If you keep abreast of a subject, you know all the most recent facts about it.

- He will be keeping abreast of the news.

- We'll keep you abreast of developments.

PHR-PREP

abreast

adjective

1.

alongside

beside

side by side

abreast of

2.

informed about

acquainted with

au courant with

au fait with

conversant with

familiar with

in the picture about

in touch with

keeping one's finger on the pulse of

knowledgeable about

up to date with

up to speed with

abridged

adj.

削减的,删节的

abridged

abridged
An abridged book or play has been made shorter by removing some parts of it.

- This is an abridged version of her new novel `The Queen and I'.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= shortened

abroad

[D.J.:əˈbrɔ:d]

[K.K.:əˈbrɔd]

adv.

到国外, 在国外

到处, 广泛流传

在户外, 在室外

abroad ***

1. abroad
If you go abroad , you go to a foreign country, usually one which is separated from the country where you live by an ocean or a sea.

- I would love to go abroad this year, perhaps to the South of France.

- ...public opposition here and abroad...

- He will stand in for Mr Goh when he is abroad.

- About 65 per cent of its sales come from abroad.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV, be ADV, from ADV
= overseas

2. abroad
If there is a story or feeling abroad , people generally know about it or feel it.

- There'll still be a feeling abroad that this change has to be recognised.

ADV: n ADV
= around

abroad

adverb

overseas

in foreign lands

out of the country

abrogate

[D.J.:ˈæbrəˌgeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈæbrəˌɡet]

vt.

废除(法律等)

取消，撤消；去掉；抛开；终止

abrogation

n.

取消,废除

abrogative

adj.

abrogator

n.

abrogation

[D.J.:ˌæbrəˈgeɪʃən ]

n.

取消,废除

abrogate

1. abrogate abrogates abrogating abrogated
If someone in a position of authority abrogates something such as a law, agreement, or practice, they put an end to it. (FORMAL)

- Our information is that the next prime minister could abrogate the treaty.

VB
= revoke

2. abrogation

- ...a dereliction of duty and an abrogation of responsibility.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

abrupt

[D.J.:əˈbrʌpt]

[K.K.:əˈbrʌpt]

adj.

突然的, 意外的

唐突的, 鲁莽的

abruptly

[D.J.: əˈbrʌptlɪ]

adv.

突然地,意外地

(言谈举止)唐突地,冒失地

<地质>陡起地

abruptness

[D.J.:əˈbrʌptnɪs]

n.

粗鲁,莽撞

abrupt **

1. abrupt
An abrupt change or action is very sudden, often in a way which is unpleasant.

- Rosie's idyllic world came to an abrupt end when her parents' marriage broke up.

- The recession brought an abrupt halt to this happiness.

- His abrupt departure is bound to raise questions.

ADJ-GRADED
= unexpected

2. abruptly

- He stopped abruptly and looked my way.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= suddenly

3. abrupt
Someone who is abrupt speaks in a rather rude, unfriendly way.

- He was abrupt to the point of rudeness.

- Cross was a little taken aback by her abrupt manner.

ADJ-GRADED
= offhand

4. abruptly

- `Good night, then,' she said abruptly.

ADV-GRADED

5. abruptness

- I think Simon was hurt by your abruptness this afternoon.

N-UNCOUNT

abrupt

adjective

1.

sudden

precipitate

quick

surprising

unexpected

2.

curt

brusque

gruff

impatient

rude

short

terse

abscess

[D.J.:ˈæbˌses]

[K.K.:ˈæbˌsɛs]

n.

脓肿

vi.

形成脓肿

abscessed

adj.

形成脓肿的

abscessed

adj.

长脓疮的

abscess

abscess abscesses
An abscess is a painful swelling containing pus.
N-COUNT

abscond

[D.J.:æbˈskɔnd]

[K.K.:æbˈskɑnd]

vt.

(尤指逃避逮捕)潜逃;逃跑

abscondence

n.

潜逃;逃跑

absconder

n.

潜逃者;逃跑者

abscondence

[əbˈskɔndəns]

n.

逃亡,失踪

abscond

1. abscond absconds absconding absconded
If someone absconds from somewhere such as a prison, they escape from it or leave it without permission. (FORMAL)

- He was remanded in care and ordered to appear the following day, but absconded.

- A dozen inmates have escaped or absconded from Forest Jail in the past year.

VB
= run away

2. abscond absconds absconding absconded
If someone absconds with something, they leave and take it with them, although it does not belong to them. (FORMAL)

- Unfortunately, his partners were crooks and absconded with the funds.

VB
= run off

abscond

verb

flee

clear out

disappear

escape

make off

run off

steal away

abseil

[D.J.:ˈɑ:bzail]

[K.K.:ˈɑpˌzaɪl, -ˌsaɪl, ˈæb-]

n.

(登山运动中的)沿绳滑下法

abseil

abseil abseils abseiling abseiled
To abseil down a cliff or rock face means to slide down it in a controlled way using a rope, with your feet against the cliff or rock. (BRIT; in AM use rappel )

- The man and his son Mark had abseiled down the sheer cliffs.

VB

absence

[D.J.:ˈæbsəns]

[K.K.:ˈæbsəns]

n.

缺席, 离开, 不在场

不在场的次数或时间

缺乏, 不存在

absence ***

1. absence absences
Someone's absence from a place is the fact that they are not there.

- ...a bundle of letters which had arrived for me in my absence...

- Eleanor would later blame her mother-in-law for her husband's frequent absences.

N-VAR: with supp
≠ presence

2. absence
The absence of something from a place is the fact that it is not there or does not exist.

- The presence or absence of clouds can have an important impact on heat transfer.

- In the absence of a will the courts decide who the guardian is.

N-SING: with supp
= lack ≠ presence

absence

noun

1.

nonattendance

absenteeism

truancy

2.

lack

deficiency

need

omission

unavailability

want

absent

[D.J.:ˈæbsənt]

[K.K.:ˈæbsənt]

adj.

缺席的, 不在场的

缺乏的, 不存在的

心不在焉的, 恍惚的

absently

[D.J.:ˈæbsəntlɪ]

adv.

健忘地,心不在焉地

absent **

1. absent
If someone or something is absent from a place or situation where they should be or where they usually are, they are not there.

- He has been absent from his desk for two weeks.

- The pictures, too, were absent from the walls.

- Any soldier failing to report would be considered absent without leave and punished accordingly.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ from n

2. absent
If someone appears absent , they are not paying attention because they are thinking about something else.

- `Nothing,' Rosie said in an absent way.

ADJ-GRADED
= inattentive

3. absently

- He nodded absently.

ADV-GRADED

4. absent
An absent parent does not live with his or her children.

- ...absent fathers who fail to pay towards the costs of looking after their children.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. absent absents absenting absented
If someone absents themselves from a place where they should be or where they usually are, they do not go there or they do not stay there. (FORMAL)

- She was old enough to absent herself from the lunch table if she chose.

- He pleaded guilty before a court martial to absenting himself without leave.

VB

6. absent
If you say that absent one thing, another thing will happen, you mean that if the first thing does not happen, the second thing will happen. (AM, FORMAL)

- Absent a solution, people like Sue Godfrey will just keep on fighting.

PREP
= without

absent

adjective

1.

missing

away

elsewhere

gone

nonexistent

out

unavailable

2.

absent-minded

blank

distracted

inattentive

oblivious

preoccupied

vacant

vague

verb

absent oneself

3.

stay away

keep away

play truant

withdraw

absentee

[D.J.:ˌæbsənˈti:]

[K.K.:ˌæbsənˈti]

n.

缺席者, 缺勤者, 不在者,旷课者

在外地主，在外业主；外住者

adj.

缺席者的；在外地主的；在外业主的

absentee *

1. absentee absentees
An absentee is a person who is expected to be in a particular place but who is not there.
N-COUNT

2. absentee
Absentee is used to describe someone who is not there to do a particular job in person.

- Absentee fathers will be forced to pay child maintenance.

- ...an absentee landlord.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. absentee
In elections in the United States, if you vote by absentee ballot or if you are an absentee voter, you vote in advance because you will be away. (AM)

- He has already voted by absentee ballot.

- The deadline for absentee voting in Louisiana was Saturday.

ADJ: ADJ n

absenteeism

[D.J.:ˌæbsənˈti:ˌɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˌæbsənˈtiˌɪzəm]

n.

旷工,旷课

在外地主经济制；(地主、业主的)长期在外

absenteeism

absenteeism
Absenteeism is the fact or habit of frequently being away from work or school, usually without a good reason.

- ...the high rate of absenteeism.

N-UNCOUNT
= truancy ≠ attendance

absentia

[æbˈsenʃiə]

n.

〈拉〉失神

absentia

absentia
If something is done to you in absentia , it is done to you when you are not present. (FORMAL)

- He was tried in absentia and sentenced to seven years in prison.

PHR: PHR after v

absent-minded

[D.J.:ˌæbsəntˈmaɪndɪd]

[K.K.:ˌæbsəntˈmaɪndɪd]

adj.

健忘的,心不在焉的

n.

健忘性

absent-mindedly

adv.

健忘地,心不在焉地

absent-mindedness

n.

健忘,心不在焉

absent-mindedly

[D.J.:ˌæbsəntˈmaɪndɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌæbsəntˈmaɪndɪdlɪ]

adv.

心不在焉地

健忘地

absent-mindedness

n.

心不在焉,心神不定

absent-minded

1. absent-minded
Someone who is absent-minded forgets things or does not pay attention to what they are doing, often because they are thinking about something else.

- In his later life he became even more absent-minded.

ADJ-GRADED also absentminded
= forgetful

2. absent-mindedly

- Elizabeth absent-mindedly picked a thread from his lapel.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. absent-mindedness

- You will have to put up with Grace's absent-mindedness.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

absent-minded

adjective

vague

distracted

dreaming

forgetful

inattentive

preoccupied

unaware

absinthe

[D.J.:ˈæbsinθ]

[K.K.:ˈæbsɪnθ]

n.

苦艾酒,苦艾

absinthe

absinthe
Absinthe is a very strong alcoholic drink that is green and tastes bitter.
N-UNCOUNT

absolute

[D.J.:ˈæbsəlju:t]

[K.K.:ˈæbsəˌlut, ˌæbsəˈlut]

adj.

绝对的, 完全的

不受任何限制[约束]的; 无条件的

有无上权力或权威的; 专制的

absolute ***

1. absolute
Absolute means total and complete.

- It's not really suited to absolute beginners.

- A sick person needs absolute confidence and trust in a doctor.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= complete

2. absolute
You use absolute to emphasize something that you are saying.

- About 12 inches wide is the absolute minimum you should consider.

- I think it's absolute nonsense.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= complete

3. absolute
An absolute ruler has complete power and authority over his or her country.

- He ruled with absolute power.

- ...the doctrine of absolute monarchy based upon divine right.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. absolute
Absolute is used to say that something is definite and will not change even if circumstances change.

- John brought the absolute proof that we needed.

- They had given an absolute assurance that it would be kept secret.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

5. absolute
An amount that is expressed in absolute terms is expressed as a fixed amount rather than referring to variable factors such as what you earn or the effects of inflation.

- In absolute terms British wages remain low by European standards.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ real

6. absolute
Absolute rules and principles are believed to be true, right, or relevant in all situations.

- There are no absolute rules.

- ...certain assumptions which are accepted without question as absolute truths.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

7. absolute absolutes
An absolute is a rule or principle that is believed to be true, right, or relevant in all situations.

- We tend to think in absolutes.

N-COUNT

absolute

adjective

1.

total

complete

outright

perfect

pure

sheer

thorough

utter

2.

supreme

full

sovereign

unbounded

unconditional

unlimited

unrestricted

absolutely

[D.J.:ˈæbsəˌlu:tli:, ˌæbsəˈlu:tli:]

[K.K.:ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli]

adv.

完全地

绝对地

<口>确实地；肯定地

(用于否定结构，表示强调)绝，丝毫

<语法>以绝对形式

int.

<口>[用以强调，表示毫无保留、无条件赞同完全正确，一点不错

absolutely ****

1. absolutely
Absolutely means totally and completely.

- Jill is absolutely right.

- I absolutely refuse to get married.

- There is absolutely no difference!

ADV: usu ADV adj/adv, also ADV with v emphasis

2. absolutely
Some people say absolutely as an emphatic way of saying yes or of agreeing with someone. They say absolutely not as an emphatic way of saying no or of disagreeing with someone.

- `It's worrying that they're doing things without training though, isn't it?' --- `Absolutely.'.

- `Did they approach you?' --- `No, absolutely not.'

ADV: ADV as reply emphasis

absolutely

adverb

totally

completely

entirely

fully

one hundred per cent

perfectly

utterly

wholly

absolute majority

absolute majority absolute majorities
If a political party wins an absolute majority , they obtain more seats or votes than the total number of seats or votes gained by their opponents in an election.
N-COUNT: usu sing

absolute zero

absolute zero
Absolute zero is a theoretical temperature that is thought to be the lowest possible temperature.
N-UNCOUNT

absolution

[D.J.:ˌæbsəˈlu:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæbsəˈluʃən]

n.

宽恕；赦罪

(誓言、诺言或责任的)免除，解除

absolution

absolution
If someone is given absolution , they are forgiven for something wrong that they have done. (FORMAL)

- She felt as if his words had granted her absolution.

N-UNCOUNT
= forgiveness

absolution

noun

forgiveness

deliverance

exculpation

exoneration

mercy

pardon

release

absolutism

[D.J.:ˈæbsəlu:tizm]

[K.K.:ˈæbsəˌluˌtɪzəm]

n.

专制主义,绝对论

absolutist

[ˈæbsəlu:tist]

n.

专制主义者,专制政治论者,绝对论者

absolutism

1. absolutism
Absolutism is a political system in which one ruler or leader has complete power and authority over a country.

- ...the triumphal reassertion of royal absolutism.

N-UNCOUNT

2. absolutism
You can refer to someone's beliefs as absolutism if they think that their beliefs are true, right, or relevant in all situations, especially if you think they are wrong to behave in this way.

- They are saying, with varying degrees of absolutism, that animals should not be exploited at all.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

3. absolutist

- This absolutist belief is replaced by an appreciation that rules can vary.

ADJ

absolvable

[æbˈzɔlvəbl]

adj.

可赦免的

absolve

[D.J.:əbˈzɔlv, -ˈsɔlv]

[K.K.:əbˈzɑlv, -ˈsɑlv]

vt.

宣告…无罪，赦免…的罪行，宽恕…的罪行

不受责难, 免除责任 〔义务〕 , 开脱(罪责)

absolvable

adj.

absolvent

adj. &n.

absolver

n.

absolvent

[æbˈzɔlvənt]

adj.

赦免的

absolve

absolve absolves absolving absolved
If a report or investigation absolves someone from blame or responsibility, it formally states that he or she is not guilty or is not to blame.

- The announcement follows a police investigation yesterday which absolved the police of all blame in the incident.

- The programme was critical of the judicial inquiry which absolved the soldiers.

VB
= excuse vindicate

absolve

verb

forgive

deliver

exculpate

excuse

let off

pardon

release

set free

absorb

[D.J.:əbˈsɔ:b]

[K.K.:əbˈsɔrb, -ˈzɔrb]

vt.

吸收

把…并入, 同化

吸引…的注意力, 使全神贯注

absorbed

[D.J.:əbˈsɔ:bd]

adj.

被…吸引住；专心致志；全神贯注

absorbedly

adv.

专心致志地；全神贯注地

absorbedness

n.

专心致志；全神贯注

absorbedly

[əbˈsɔ:bdli]

adv.

专心致志地

absorbing

[əbˈsɔ:biŋ]

adj.

吸引人的,非常有趣的

absorb **

1. absorb absorbs absorbing absorbed
If something absorbs a liquid, gas, or other substance, it soaks it up or takes it in.

- Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.

- Refined sugars are absorbed into the bloodstream very quickly.

VB
= soak up

2. absorb absorbs absorbing absorbed
If something absorbs light, heat, or another form of energy, it takes it in.

- A household radiator absorbs energy in the form of electric current and releases it in the form of heat.

VB

3. absorb absorbs absorbing absorbed
If a group is absorbed into a larger group, it becomes part of the larger group.

- The Colonial Office was absorbed into the Foreign Office.

- ...an economy capable of absorbing and supporting thousands of immigrants.

VB

4. absorb absorbs absorbing absorbed
If something absorbs a force or shock, it reduces its effect.

- ...footwear which does not absorb the impact of the foot striking the ground.

VB

5. absorb absorbs absorbing absorbed
If a system or society absorbs changes, effects, or costs, it is able to deal with them.

- The banks would be forced to absorb large losses.

- We can't absorb those costs.

VB
= cope with

6. absorb absorbs absorbing absorbed
If something absorbs something valuable such as money, space, or time, it uses up a great deal of it.

- It absorbed vast amounts of capital that could have been used for investment.

- It might help if campaigning didn't absorb so much time and money.

VB
= eat up

7. absorb absorbs absorbing absorbed
If you absorb information, you learn and understand it.

- Too often he only absorbs half the information in the manual.

- We closed our offices at 2:00 p.m. to give employees time to absorb the bad news.

VB
= digest take in

8. absorb absorbs absorbing absorbed
If something absorbs you, it interests you a great deal and takes up all your attention and energy.

- ...a second career which absorbed her more completely than her acting ever had.

VB
= grip

See also absorbed , absorbing .

absorbed *

absorbed
If you are absorbed in something or someone, you are very interested in them and they take up all your attention and energy.

- They were completely absorbed in each other.

- He had discovered politics and was rapidly becoming absorbed by it.

- I get so absorbed in doing something that I am unaware of things happening round me.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ in/by n
= engrossed

absorbing *

absorbing
An absorbing task or activity interests you a great deal and takes up all your attention and energy.

- `Two Sisters' is an absorbing read.

- Children will find other exhibits equally absorbing.

ADJ-GRADED
= captivating

absorb

verb

1.

soak up

consume

digest

imbibe

incorporate

receive

suck up

take in

2.

preoccupy

captivate

engage

engross

fascinate

rivet

absorbed

adjective

1.

preoccupied

captivated

engrossed

fascinated

immersed

involved

lost

rapt

riveted

wrapped up

2.

digested

assimilated

incorporated

received

soaked up

absorbing

adjective

fascinating

captivating

engrossing

gripping

interesting

intriguing

riveting

spellbinding

absorbency

[əbˈsɔ:bənsi]

n.

吸收性,吸光度,吸收能力,吸光率(度)

absorbent

[D.J.:əbˈsɔ:bənt]

[K.K.:əbˈsɔrbənt, -ˈzɔr-]

adj.

能吸收的

n.

吸收剂

absorbent

1. absorbent
Absorbent material soaks up liquid easily.

- The towels are highly absorbent.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ water-repellent

2. absorbency

- You can use two nappies for extra absorbency at night.

N-UNCOUNT

absorbent

adjective

permeable

porous

receptive

spongy

absorption

[D.J.:əbˈsɔ:pʃən, -ˈzɔ:p-]

[K.K.:əbˈsɔrpʃən, -ˈzɔrp-]

n.

吸收,；吸收过程；吸收作用

专注，专心致志

合并；同化

<生>营养物溶入血液或淋巴液

absorptional

adj.

absorption *

1. absorption
The absorption of a liquid, gas, or other substance is the process of it being soaked up or taken in.

- This controls the absorption of liquids.

- Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron from food.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

2. absorption
The absorption of a group into a larger group is the process of it becoming part of the larger group.

- Two new camps were readied for the absorption of refugees.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss, oft N into/by n

3. absorption
Someone's absorption in something is the fact that they are very interested in it and that it takes up all their attention and energy.

- He was struck by the artists' total absorption in their work.

N-UNCOUNT: poss N in/with n

absorption

noun

1.

soaking up

assimilation

consumption

digestion

incorporation

sucking up

2.

concentration

fascination

immersion

intentness

involvement

preoccupation

abstain

[D.J.:əbˈstein]

[K.K.:æbˈsten, əb-]

vi.

戒(尤指酒), 戒除

弃权(不投票)

abstain *

1. abstain abstains abstaining abstained
If you abstain from something, usually something you want to do, you deliberately do not do it. (FORMAL)

- Abstain from sex or use condoms.

- Do you drink alcohol, smoke, or abstain?

VB

2. abstain abstains abstaining abstained
If you abstain during a vote, you do not use your vote.

- Three Conservative MPs abstained in the vote on the second reading of the Railways Bill.

VB

abstain

verb

refrain

avoid

decline

deny (oneself)

desist

fast

forbear

forgo

give up

keep from

abstemious

[D.J.:æbˈsti:mi:əs, əb-]

[K.K.:æbˈstimiəs, əb-]

adj.

适中的,(尤指在吃饭、饮酒方面)有节制的

(生活等)以节制为特点的

(饮食等)简单而有节制的；节俭的，节省的

abstemiously

adv.

适中地,有节制地

abstemiousness

n.

适中,有节制

abstemiously

adv.

有节制地,适度地

abstemious

abstemious
Someone who is abstemious avoids doing too much of something enjoyable such as eating or drinking. (FORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED
= temperate

abstemious

adjective

self-denying

ascetic

austere

frugal

moderate

sober

temperate

abstention

[D.J.:æbˈstenʃən, əb-]

[K.K.:æbˈstɛnʃən, əb-]

n.

戒除；避免

弃权

戒绝者；(尤指投票表决时的)弃权者

abstentious

adj.

abstentious

adj.

有节制的

abstention *

1. abstention abstentions
Abstention is a formal act of not voting either for or against a proposal.

- ...a vote of sixteen in favor, three against, and one abstention...

- The number of abstentions is likely to be crucial.

- Abstention is traditionally high in Colombia.

N-VAR

2. abstention
Abstention is the same as abstinence. (FORMAL)

- The goal is complete abstention from all mind-altering substances.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N from n
= abstinence

abstention

noun

refusal

abstaining

abstinence

avoidance

forbearance

refraining

self-control

self-denial

self-restraint

abstinence

[D.J.:ˈæbstənəns]

[K.K.:ˈæbstənəns]

n.

节制，禁绝，禁欲

戒酒

<宗>禁食(尤指天主教星期五禁止吃肉)

<经>旨在积累资本的)进项储存，节流，节支

abstinence *

abstinence
Abstinence is the practice of abstaining from something such as alcoholic drink or sex, often for health or religious reasons.

- ...six months of abstinence.

- ...total abstinence from alcohol.

N-UNCOUNT
= abstention ≠ indulgence

abstinence

noun

self-denial

abstemiousness

avoidance

forbearance

moderation

self-restraint

soberness

teetotalism

temperance

abstract

[D.J.:ˈæbstrækt]

[K.K.:ˈæbˌstrækt]

adj.

抽象的

抽象派的

n.

抽象, 抽象概念, 抽象性

抽象派艺术作品

摘要, 梗概

[æbˈstrækt]

vt.

提取, 抽取

做…的摘要

abstracted

[D.J.:æbˈstræktɪd, ˈæbˌstræk-]

[K.K.:æbˈstræktɪd, ˈæbˌstræk-]

adj.

提取的，抽取的，抽出了的；被分离的，分离出来的

出神的，心不在焉的

abstractedly

adv.

心不在焉地

abstractedness

n.

心不在焉

abstractedness

出神,发呆

abstractly

adv.

抽象地,理论上地

abstract **

1. abstract
An abstract idea or way of thinking is based on general ideas rather than on real things and events.

- ...starting with a few abstract principles...

- It's not a question of some abstract concept of justice.

- ...the faculty of abstract reasoning.

ADJ-GRADED
= theoretical

2. abstractly

- It is hard to think abstractly in these conditions.

ADV-GRADED

3. abstract
When you talk or think about something in the abstract , you talk or think about it in a general way, rather than considering particular things or events.

- Money was a commodity she never thought about except in the abstract.

PHR: PHR with cl/group

4. abstract
In grammar, an abstract noun refers to a quality or idea rather than to a physical object.

- ...abstract words such as glory, honor, and courage.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ concrete

5. abstract
Abstract art makes use of shapes and patterns rather than showing people or things.

- A modern abstract painting takes over one complete wall.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ figurative

6. abstract abstracts
An abstract is an abstract work of art.
N-COUNT

7. abstract abstracts
An abstract of an article, document, or speech is a short piece of writing that gives the main points of it.
N-COUNT: oft N of n
= summary

8. abstract abstracts abstracting abstracted
If you abstract something from a place, you take it from there. (FORMAL)

- ...a licence to abstract water from the River Axe...

- The author has abstracted poems from earlier books.

VB

abstracted

1. abstracted
Someone who is abstracted is thinking so deeply that they are not fully aware of what is happening around them. (WRITTEN)

- Meg was so abstracted she scarcely noticed that the train had stopped.

- The same abstracted look was still on his face.

ADJ-GRADED
= preoccupied

2. abstractedly

- `I suppose so,' she said abstractedly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

abstract

adjective

1.

theoretical

abstruse

general

hypothetical

indefinite

notional

recondite

noun

2.

summary

abridgment

digest

epitome

outline

pr´ecis

r´esum´e

synopsis

verb

3.

summarize

abbreviate

abridge

condense

digest

epitomize

outline

pr´ecis

shorten

4.

remove

detach

extract

isolate

separate

take away

take out

withdraw

abstraction

[D.J.:æbˈstrækʃən, əb-]

[K.K.:æbˈstrækʃən, əb-]

n.

抽象,抽取

抽象化；抽象过程

抽象概念；抽象名称

抽象性，抽象的特征

出神；心不在焉

不切实际的想法，空想；幻想的事物

(艺术上的)抽象主义

<逻>抽象，抽离；抽离运符

<婉>偷窃

abstractional

adj.

abstraction *

1. abstraction abstractions
An abstraction is a general idea rather than one relating to a particular object, person, or situation. (FORMAL)

- Is it worth fighting a big war, in the name of an abstraction like sovereignty?

N-VAR
= concept

2. abstraction
Abstraction is the state of being very deep in thought. (WRITTEN)

- Andrew noticed her abstraction and asked, `What's bothering you?'

N-UNCOUNT
= preoccupation

3. abstraction
Abstraction is the use of shapes and patterns in art. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

abstraction

noun

1.

idea

concept

formula

generalization

hypothesis

notion

theorem

theory

thought

2.

absent-mindedness

absence

dreaminess

inattention

pensiveness

preoccupation

remoteness

woolgathering

abstruse

[D.J.:æbˈstru:s, əb-]

[K.K.:æbˈstrus, əb-]

adj.

难解的, 深奥的

<古>秘密的，隐藏的

abstrusely

adv.

abstruseness

n.

abstrusely

adv.

难解地,深奥地

abstruseness

n.

难解,深奥

abstruse

abstruse
You can describe something as abstruse if you find it difficult to understand, especially when you think it could be explained more simply. (FORMAL)

- Meanwhile meetings keep reverting to fruitless discussions about abstruse resolutions.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

abstruse

adjective

obscure

arcane

complex

deep

enigmatic

esoteric

recondite

unfathomable

vague

absurd

[D.J.:əbˈsə:d]

[K.K.:əbˈsɚd, -ˈzɚd]

adj.

荒谬的, 荒唐的

absurdity

[D.J.:əbˈsɜ:dɪtɪ]

n.

极端无理性,悖理；荒谬

谬论；荒谬的行为

absurdly

[D.J.:əbˈsɜ:dlɪ]

adv.

荒谬地，荒唐地

absurd **

1. absurd
If you say that something is absurd , you are criticizing it because you think that it is ridiculous or that it does not make sense.

- It is absurd to be discussing compulsory redundancy policies for teachers.

- I've known clients of mine go to absurd lengths, just to avoid paying me a few pounds.

- That's absurd.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf/that disapproval
= ridiculous

2. absurd
The absurd is something that is absurd. (FORMAL)

- Parkinson had a sharp eye for the absurd.

N-SING: the N

3. absurdly

- Prices were still absurdly low, in his opinion.

- Absurdly, it makes shoppers overpay farmers to grow too much food.

ADV-GRADED

4. absurdity absurdities

- I find myself growing increasingly angry at the absurdity of the situation.

- ...the absurdities of fashionable childcare methods.

N-VAR

absurd

adjective

ridiculous

crazy informal

farcical

foolish

idiotic

illogical

inane

incongruous

irrational

ludicrous

nonsensical

preposterous

senseless

silly

stupid

unreasonable

absurdity

noun

ridiculousness

farce

folly

foolishness

incongruity

joke

nonsense

silliness

stupidity

absurdist

[əbˈsə:dist]

n.

荒诞主义者

absurdist

absurdist
An absurdist play or other work shows how absurd some aspect of society or human behaviour is.

- ...`La Peste', the last volume in the absurdist trilogy.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

abundance

[D.J.:əˈbʌndəns]

[K.K.:əˈbʌndəns]

n.

大量, 充足

abundance *

abundance
An abundance of something is a large quantity of it.

- This area of France has an abundance of safe beaches and a pleasing climate.

- ...the variety and abundance of wildlife found in Florida...

- Food was in abundance.

N-SING-COLL: usu N of n, also in N
= wealth

abundance

noun

plenty

affluence

bounty

copiousness

exuberance

fullness

profusion

abundant

[D.J.:əˈbʌndənt]

[K.K.:əˈbʌndənt]

adj.

大量的, 充足的

abundant *

abundant
Something that is abundant is present in large quantities.

- There is an abundant supply of cheap labour.

- Birds are abundant in the tall vegetation by the canal.

ADJ-GRADED
= plentiful

abundant

adjective

plentiful

ample

bountiful

copious

exuberant

filled

full

luxuriant

profuse

rich

teeming

abundantly

[D.J.:əˈbʌndəntlɪ]

adv.

丰富地，大量地

十分清楚；非常明白

abundantly

1. abundantly
If something is abundantly clear, it is extremely obvious.

- He made it abundantly clear that anybody who disagrees with his policies will not last long.

ADV: ADV adj
= manifestly

2. abundantly
Something that occurs abundantly is present in large quantities.

- ...a plant that grows abundantly in the United States...

- All the pages are abundantly illustrated with colour photographs.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

abuse

[D.J.:əˈbju:s]

[K.K.:əˈbjuz]

n.

滥用, 妄用, 虐待

恶习, 不正之风

恶言, 辱骂

[əˈbju:z]

vt.

滥用, 妄用

虐待, 伤害

辱骂, 毁谤

abuse ****

1. abuse
Abuse of someone is cruel and violent treatment of them.

- ...investigation of alleged child abuse.

- ...victims of sexual and physical abuse.

- ...controversy over human rights abuses.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, usu with supp

2. abuse
Abuse is extremely rude and insulting things that people say when they are angry.

- I was left shouting abuse as the car sped off.

- Raft repeatedly hurled verbal abuse at his co-star.

N-UNCOUNT
= insults

3. abuse abuses
Abuse of something is the use of it in a wrong way or for a bad purpose.

- What went on here was an abuse of power.

- ...drug and alcohol abuse.

N-VAR: with supp

4. abuse abuses abusing abused
If someone is abused , they are treated cruelly and violently.

- Janet had been abused by her father since she was eleven.

- ...parents who feel they cannot cope or might abuse their children.

- ...those who work with abused children.

VB

5. abuser abusers

- ...a convicted child abuser.

N-COUNT

6. abuse abuses abusing abused
You can say that someone is abused if extremely rude and insulting things are said to them.

- He alleged that he was verbally abused by other soldiers.

VB
= insult

7. abuse abuses abusing abused
If you abuse something, you use it in a wrong way or for a bad purpose.

- He showed how the rich and powerful can abuse their position.

VB

8. abuser

- ...the treatment of alcohol and drug abusers.

N-COUNT

abuse

noun

1.

ill-treatment

damage

exploitation

harm

hurt

injury

maltreatment

manhandling

2.

insults

blame

castigation

censure

defamation

derision

disparagement

invective

reproach

scolding

vilification

3.

misuse

misapplication

verb

4.

ill-treat

damage

exploit

harm

hurt

injure

maltreat

misuse

take advantage of

5.

insult

castigate

curse

defame

disparage

malign

scold

vilify

abusive

[D.J.:əˈbju:sɪv, -zɪv]

[K.K.:əˈbjusɪv, -zɪv]

adj.

被滥用的，被误用的，被妄用的

虐待的；凌辱的；糟蹋的

骂人的, 攻击性的

毁谤的

舞弊的；腐败的

<废>骗人的；欺骗性的，欺诈性的

abusively

adv.

滥用地；虐待地；攻击性地；毁谤地；欺骗性地

abusiveness

n.

滥用；虐待；攻击；毁谤；欺骗

abusively

adv.

咒骂地,滥用地

abusiveness

n.

咒骂,滥用

abusive *

1. abusive
Someone who is abusive behaves in a cruel and violent way towards other people.

- He became violent and abusive toward Ben's mother.

- ...her cruel and abusive husband.

ADJ-GRADED

2. abusive
Abusive language is extremely rude and insulting.

- He was alleged to have used abusive language.

ADJ-GRADED
= insulting ≠ polite

abusive

adjective

1.

insulting

censorious

defamatory

disparaging

libellous

offensive

reproachful

rude

scathing

2.

harmful

brutal

cruel

destructive

hurtful

injurious

rough

abut

[D.J.:əˈbʌt]

[K.K.:əˈbʌt]

vt. & vi.

(与…)邻接,(与…)毗连

接触,倚靠

abutting

[əˈbʌtiŋ]

adj.

邻接的

abut

abut abuts abutting abutted
When land or a building abuts something or abuts on something, it is next to it. (FORMAL)

- One edge of the garden abutted on an old entrance to the mine.

- He was born in 1768 in the house abutting our hotel.

VB
= adjoin

abuzz

[D.J.:əˈbʌz]

[K.K.:əˈbʌz]

adj.

嗡嗡的,嘁嘁喳喳的,活泼的

abuzz

abuzz
If someone says that a place is abuzz with rumours or plans, they mean that everyone there is excited about them. (JOURNALISM)

- Washington has been abuzz with stories about disarray inside the White House.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n

abysmal

[D.J.:əˈbɪzməl]

[K.K.:əˈbɪzməl]

adj.

极糟的,可怕的

完全的,极端的

深不可测的，无底的

深海的

abysmally

adv.

极糟地,可怕地；完全地,极端地

abysmal

1. abysmal
If you describe a situation or the condition of something as abysmal , you think that it is very bad or poor in quality.

- Our abysmal record at producing scientifically trained and numerate manpower will cripple us.

- The general standard of racing was abysmal.

ADJ-GRADED
= dismal

2. abysmally

- The group for the most part found the standard of education abysmally low.

- As the chart shows, it has failed abysmally.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV after v
= dismally

abysmal

adjective

terrible

appalling

awful

bad

dire

dreadful

abyss

[D.J.:əˈbɪs]

[K.K.:əˈbɪs]

n.

深渊

<喻>深不可测的事物；鸿沟；绝境

海洋深处，深海

(智力等方面的)深邃；(心灵、灵魂的)深处

(the ～)地狱；阴间，炼狱

abyss *

1. abyss abysses
An abyss is a very deep hole in the ground. (LITERARY)
N-COUNT: usu sing

2. abyss abysses
If someone is on the edge or brink of an abyss , they are about to enter into a very frightening or threatening situation. (LITERARY)

- He felt he was on the edge of an abyss; one false move and he was done for.

- The country was on the brink of an abyss.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. abyss abysses
A very great difference between two people, things, or groups can be referred to as an abyss . (LITERARY)

- How big is the abyss between what you think you are and what you actually are?

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp
= gap gulf

abyss

noun

pit

chasm

crevasse

fissure

gorge

gulf

void

AC

abbr.

Analogue Controller模拟控制器

AC *

AC
AC is used to refer to an electric current that continually changes direction as it flows. AC is an abbreviation for `alternating current'.

- In Europe, AC is usually generated at 50 Hz.

- ...a portable AC generator.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

acacia

[D.J.:əˈkeiʃə]

[K.K.:əˈkeʃə]

n.

阿拉伯树胶

acacia

acacia acacias
An acacia or an acacia tree is a tree which grows in warm countries and which usually has small yellow or white flowers.
N-COUNT The form acacia can also be used for the plural

academe

[D.J.:ˌækəˈdi:m]

[K.K.:ˈækəˌdim]

n.

研究院,学会,学术界,学院

academe

academe
The academic world of universities is sometimes referred to as academe . (FORMAL)

- The hallowed portals of academe were slowly and grudgingly opening to women.

N-UNCOUNT

academia

[D.J.:ˌækəˈdi:mjə]

[K.K.:ˌækəˈdimiə]

n.

学术界,学术环境

academia

academia
Academia refers to all the academics in a particular country or region, the institutions they work in, and their work.

- ...the importance of strong links between industry and academia.

N-UNCOUNT

academic

[D.J.:ˌækəˈdemik]

[K.K.:ˌækəˈdɛmɪk]

adj.

学校的, 学院的

学术性的

纯理论的, 不切实际的

n.

大学教师; 专业学者

academically

[D.J.:ˌækəˈdemɪkəlɪ ]

adv.

关于学院或大学

关于学会或协会

以学者风度；学究式地；卖弄学问地；迂腐地

从学术观点

academics

[D.J.:ˌækəˈdemɪks]

[K.K.:ˌækəˈdɛmɪks]

n.

学习, 学术

academic ***

1. academic
Academic is used to describe things that relate to the work done in schools, colleges, and universities, especially work which involves studying and reasoning rather than practical or technical skills.

- Their academic standards are high.

- I was terrible at school and left with few academic qualifications.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. academically

- He is academically gifted.

- I was only average academically, but was good at sports.

ADV

3. academic
Academic is used to describe things that relate to schools, colleges, and universities.

- ...the start of the last academic year...

- I'd had enough of academic life.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. academic
Academic is used to describe work, or a school, college, or university, that places emphasis on studying and reasoning rather than on practical or technical skills.

- The author has settled for a more academic approach.

- Different schools teach different types of syllabus, from the highly academic to the broadly vocational.

ADJ-GRADED

5. academic
Someone who is academic is good at studying.

- The system is failing most disastrously among less academic children.

ADJ-GRADED

6. academic academics
An academic is a member of a university or college who teaches or does research.
N-COUNT
= scholar

7. academic
You can say that a discussion or situation is academic if you think it is not important because it has no real effect or cannot happen.

- This was not an academic exercise -- soldiers' lives were at risk.

- Such is the size of the problem that these arguments are purely academic.

ADJ-GRADED
= theoretical

academic

adjective

1.

scholarly

bookish

erudite

highbrow

learned

literary

studious

2.

hypothetical

abstract

conjectural

impractical

notional

speculative

theoretical

noun

3.

scholar

academician

don

fellow

lecturer

master

professor

tutor

academician

[D.J.:əˌkædəˈmiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌækədəˈmɪʃən, əˌkædə-]

n.

学会会员,院士,大学生,学者

academician

academician academicians
An academician is a member of an academy, usually one which has been formed to improve or maintain standards in a particular field.
N-COUNT

academy

[D.J.:əˈkædəmi]

[K.K.:əˈkædəmi]

n.

专科学校

研究院, 学会

academy **

1. academy academies
Academy is sometimes used in the names of schools and colleges, especially those specializing in particular subjects or skills, or private high schools in the United States.

- If you want to be a musician, you go to the Royal Academy of Music.

- ...her experience as a police academy instructor.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft in names

2. academy
Academy appears in the names of some societies formed to improve or maintain standards in a particular field.

- ...the American Academy of Psychotherapists...

- The British Academy of Film and Television Arts.

N-IN-NAMES

accede

[D.J.:ækˈsi:d]

[K.K.:ækˈsid]

vi.

答应, 同意

(正式)加入，参加

开始任职，就职，就任；就位，即位，继任

(通过财产的添附而)增加；继承(财产)

<古>接近

accedence

n.

acceder

n.

accede

1. accede accedes acceding acceded
If you accede to someone's request, you do what they ask. (FORMAL)

- The Prime Minister would have to accede to any request by the opposition to recall parliament.

- I never understood why he didn't just accede to our demands at the outset.

VB

2. accede accedes acceding acceded
When a member of a royal family accedes to the throne, they become king or queen. (FORMAL)

- ...when Henry VIII acceded to the throne.

VB

accede

verb

1.

agree

accept

acquiesce

admit

assent

comply

concede

concur

consent

endorse

grant

2.

inherit

assume

attain

come to

enter upon

succeed

succeed to as heir

accelerate

[D.J.:ækˈseləreit]

[K.K.:ækˈsɛləˌret]

vt. & vi.

(使)加快, (使)增速

accelerated

[əkˈseləreitid]

adj.

加速的

accelerating

[ækˈseləreitiŋ]

n.

加速

adj.

加速的,促进的;催化的

accelerate **

1. accelerate accelerates accelerating accelerated
If the process or rate of something accelerates , it gets faster and faster.

- Growth will accelerate to 2.9 per cent next year.

- The government is to accelerate its privatisation programme.

V-ERG

2. accelerate accelerates accelerating accelerated
When a moving vehicle accelerates , it goes faster and faster.

- Suddenly the car accelerated.

- She accelerated away from the kerb.

VB

accelerate

verb

speed up

advance

expedite

further

hasten

hurry

quicken

acceleration

[D.J.:ækˌseləˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ækˌsɛləˈreʃən]

n.

加速；加快

(车辆)加速能力,加速的幅度

<物>加速度

(优秀学生的)跳级

acceleration *

1. acceleration
The acceleration of a process or change is the fact that it is getting faster and faster.

- He has also called for an acceleration of political reforms.

- ...the sharp acceleration in job losses.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of/in n

2. acceleration
Acceleration is the rate at which a car or other vehicle can increase its speed, often seen in terms of the time that it takes to reach a particular speed.

- Acceleration to 60 mph takes a mere 5.7 seconds.

N-UNCOUNT

3. acceleration
Acceleration is the rate at which the speed of an object increases.
N-UNCOUNT

acceleration

noun

speeding up

hastening

hurrying

quickening

stepping up informal

accelerator

[D.J.:ækˈseləˌreɪtə]

[K.K.:ækˈsɛləˌretɚ]

n.

加速者，加速物

加速装置(尤指车辆的油门踏板)；加速器

<解>加速神经；加速肌

<化>加速剂；催化剂

<物>(粒子)加速器；原子击破器

<摄>(显影)促进剂

<英>(二轮或三轮的小型)摩托车

<金>投资加速系数

accelerator *

accelerator accelerators
The accelerator in a car or other vehicle is the pedal which you press with your foot in order to make the vehicle go faster.

- He eased his foot off the accelerator.

N-COUNT

accent

[D.J.:ˈæksənt]

[K.K.:ˈækˌsɛnt]

n.

口音, 腔调

重音, 重音符号

强调, 重点

[ækˈsent]

vt.

重读

accent **

1. accent accents
Someone who speaks with a particular accent pronounces the words of a language in a distinctive way that shows which country, region, or social class they come from.

- He had developed a slight American accent.

N-COUNT

2. accent accents
An accent is a short line or other mark which is written above certain letters in some languages and which indicates the way those letters are pronounced.
N-COUNT

3. accent
If you put the accent on a particular feature of something, you emphasize it or give it special importance.

- He is putting the accent on military readiness.

- There is often a strong accent on material success.

N-SING: oft N on n
= emphasis

accent

noun

1.

pronunciation

articulation

brogue

enunciation

inflection

intonation

modulation

tone

2.

emphasis

beat

cadence

force

pitch

rhythm

stress

timbre

verb

3.

emphasize

accentuate

stress

underline

underscore

accented

accented
Language or speech that is accented is spoken with a particular accent.

- I spoke rather good, but heavily accented English.

- `Don't do that,' he says in his soft, accented voice.

ADJ-GRADED
See also accent .

accentuate

[D.J.:ækˈsentʃu:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ækˈsɛntʃuˌet]

vt.

使突出；强调

重读，以重音读出

加重音符号于

使恶化，使严重

accentuation

n.

accentuation

[ækˌsentjuˈeiʃən]

n.

重读,强调

accentuate *

accentuate accentuates accentuating accentuated
To accentuate something means to emphasize it or make it more noticeable.

- His shaven head accentuates his large round face.

- The whole air of menace was accentuated by the fact that he was so cordial and soft-voiced.

VB
= intensify

accentuate

verb

emphasize

accent

draw attention to

foreground

highlight

stress

underline

underscore

accept

[D.J.:əkˈsept]

[K.K.:ækˈsɛpt]

vt. & vi.

接受, 领受, 收受

承担责任; 承兑

vt.

承认, 同意; 认为, 相信

accepted

[D.J.:əkˈseptɪd ]

adj.

公认的；为公众所接受的；已被确认的

普通使用的，合乎常规的；惯常的

已承兑的

可以接受的；值得接受的；合意的，令人满意的

acceptedly

adv.

acceptedness

n.

accept *****

1. accept accepts accepting accepted
If you accept something that you have been offered, you say yes to it or agree to take it.

- Eventually Stella persuaded her to accept an offer of marriage.

- Your old clothes will be gratefully accepted by jumble sale organisers.

- All those invited to next week's peace conference have accepted.

VB

2. accept accepts accepting accepted
If you accept an idea, statement, or fact, you believe that it is true or valid.

- I do not accept that there is any kind of crisis in British science.

- I don't think they would accept that view.

- He did not accept this reply as valid.

- ...a workforce generally accepted to have the best conditions in Europe.

VB
= acknowledge

3. accept accepts accepting accepted
If you accept a plan or an intended action, you agree to it and allow it to happen.

- ...Britain's reluctance to accept a proposal for a single European currency...

- The Council will meet to decide if it should accept his resignation.

VB
≠ reject

4. accept accepts accepting accepted
If you accept an unpleasant fact or situation, you get used to it or recognize that it is necessary or cannot be changed.

- People will accept suffering that can be shown to lead to a greater good.

- Urban dwellers often accept noise as part of city life.

- I wasn't willing to accept that her leaving was a possibility.

VB

5. accept accepts accepting accepted
If a person, company, or organization accepts something such as a document, they recognize that it is genuine, correct, or satisfactory and agree to consider it or handle it.

- We took the unusual step of contacting newspapers to advise them not to accept the advertising.

- Cheques can only be accepted up to the value guaranteed on the card.

- Proof of postage will not be accepted as proof of receipt.

VB
≠ reject

6. accept accepts accepting accepted
If an organization or person accepts you, you are allowed to join the organization or use the services that are offered.

- All-male groups will not be accepted.

- ...incentives to private landlords to accept young people as tenants.

VB
≠ reject

7. accept accepts accepting accepted
If a person or a group of people accepts you, they begin to be friendly towards you and are happy with who you are or what you do.

- As far as my grandparents were concerned, they've never had a problem accepting me.

- Many men still have difficulty accepting a woman as a business partner.

- Stephen Smith was accepted into the family like an adopted brother.

VB
≠ reject

8. accept accepts accepting accepted
If you accept the responsibility or blame for something, you recognize that you are responsible for it.

- The company cannot accept responsibility for loss or damage.

VB
≠ reject

9. accept accepts accepting accepted
If you accept someone's advice or suggestion, you agree to do what they say.

- The army refused to accept orders from the political leadership.

- Don't automatically accept the solicitor recommended by the broker.

VB
≠ reject

10. accept accepts accepting accepted
If someone's body accepts a transplanted organ, the organ becomes part of the body and starts to function normally.

- ...drugs which will fool the body into accepting transplants.

VB
≠ reject

11. accept accepts accepting accepted
If a machine accepts a particular kind of thing, it is designed to take it and deal with it or process it.

- The telephone booths accept 10 and 20 pence coins.

VB

accepted ****

accepted
Accepted ideas are agreed by most people to be correct or reasonable.

- There is no generally accepted definition of life.

- It is accepted wisdom that the rise of science has been partly responsible for the decline of religious beliefs.

ADJ: oft adv ADJ
See also accept .

accept

verb

1.

receive

acquire

gain

get

obtain

secure

take

2.

agree to

admit

approve

believe

concur with

consent to

cooperate with

recognize

accepted

adjective

agreed

acknowledged

approved

common

conventional

customary

established

normal

recognized

traditional

acceptability

[əkˌseptəˈbiliti]

n.

可接受性

acceptable

[D.J.:əkˈseptəbl]

[K.K.:ækˈsɛptəbəl]

adj.

值得接受的, 可接受的

acceptably

可以接受地

acceptable ***

1. acceptable
Acceptable activities and situations are those that most people approve of or consider to be normal.

- It is becoming more acceptable for women to drink.

- The air pollution exceeds most acceptable levels by 10 times or more.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unacceptable

2. acceptability

- This assumption played a considerable part in increasing the social acceptability of divorce.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. acceptably

- The aim of discipline is to teach children to behave acceptably.

ADV-GRADED
≠ unacceptably

4. acceptable
If something is acceptable to someone, they agree to consider it, use it, or allow it to happen.

- They have thrashed out a compromise formula acceptable to Moscow.

- They recently failed to negotiate a mutually acceptable new contract.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
≠ unacceptable

5. acceptable
If you describe something as acceptable , you mean that it is good enough or fairly good.

- On the far side of the street was a restaurant that looked acceptable.

- We've made an acceptable start, but it could've been better.

ADJ-GRADED
= passable

6. acceptably

- ...a method that provides an acceptably accurate solution to a problem...

- These exercises will result in your being able to hit the ball quite acceptably.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

acceptable

adjective

satisfactory

adequate

admissible

all right

fair

moderate

passable

tolerable

acceptance

[D.J.:əkˈseptəns]

[K.K.:ækˈsɛptəns]

n.

接受, 认可

赞成, 赞同

acceptance **

1. acceptance acceptances
Acceptance of an offer or a proposal is the act of saying yes to it or agreeing to it.

- The Party is being degraded by its acceptance of secret donations.

- I sent them more than 6,000 cartoons before I had my one and only acceptance by them.

- Several shareholders have withdrawn earlier acceptances of the offer.

- ...a letter of acceptance.

- ...his acceptance speech for the Nobel Peace Prize.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft poss N, N of n
≠ rejection

2. acceptance
If there is acceptance of an idea, most people believe or agree that it is true.

- ...a theory that is steadily gaining acceptance...

- There's a general acceptance that the US defence budget will shrink considerably over the next few years.

N-UNCOUNT

3. acceptance
Your acceptance of a situation, especially an unpleasant or difficult one, is an attitude or feeling that you cannot change it and that you must get used to it.

- Popular acceptance of authority had been an early aim of the Nationalists.

- The most impressive thing about him is his calm acceptance of whatever comes his way.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n
≠ rejection

4. acceptance
If there is acceptance of a new product, people start to like it and get used to it.

- Car manufacturers are already producing small numbers of electric vehicles to test customer acceptance.

- Avant-garde music to this day has not found general public acceptance.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
≠ rejection

5. acceptance
Acceptance of someone into a group means beginning to think of them as part of the group and to act in a friendly way towards them.

- A very determined effort by society will ensure that the disabled achieve real acceptance and integration.

N-UNCOUNT
= recognition ≠ rejection

acceptance

noun

1.

accepting

acquiring

gaining

getting

obtaining

receipt

securing

taking

2.

agreement

acknowledgment

acquiescence

admission

adoption

approval

assent

concurrence

consent

cooperation

recognition

access

[D.J.:ˈækses]

[K.K.:ˈæksɛs]

n.

通道, 入口

接近[取得]…的方法[权利等]

vt.

存取(计算机文件)

accessing

访问

access ***

1. access
If you have access to a building or other place, you are able or allowed to go into it.

- The facilities have been adapted to give access to wheelchair users.

- For logistical and political reasons, scientists have only recently been able to gain access to the area.

- The Mortimer Hotel in Shepherd's Bush offers easy access to central London.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N to n

2. access
If you have access to something such as information or equipment, you have the opportunity or right to see it or use it.

- ...a Code of Practice that would give patients right of access to their medical records.

- ...whether one has access to a dish and the other accoutrements needed to watch satellite TV.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N to n

3. access
If you have access to a person, you have the opportunity or right to see them or meet them.

- He was not allowed access either to a lawyer, or to officials of the British High Commission.

- My ex-wife deliberately sabotages my access to the children.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N to n

4. access accesses accessing accessed
If you access something, especially information held on a computer, you succeed in finding or obtaining it.

- You've illegally accessed and misused confidential security files.

VB

access

noun

entrance

admission

admittance

approach

entry

passage

path

road

access course

access course access courses
An access course is an educational course which prepares adults with few or no qualifications for study at a university or other place of higher education. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

accessibility

[ˌækəsesiˈbiliti]

n.

易接近,可到达

accessible

[D.J.:ækˈsesəbəl]

[K.K.:ækˈsɛsəbəl]

adj.

容易取得的，容易获得的，容易达到的

可接近的，可进入的；易接近的，易进入的

(指人)易见到的，易相处的，平易近人的，可与之打交道的

可理解的，易懂的

易受影响的，易感染的，易受引诱的

<逻辑>可达的，可通的，通达的

accessibleness

n.

accessibly

adv.

accessibly

adv.

可接近地,可亲地

accessible **

1. accessible
If a place or building is accessible to people, it is easy for them to reach it or get into it. If an object is accessible , it is easy to reach.

- The Gateshead Shopping Centre is easily accessible to virtually all the population of Tyne and Wear.

- The premises are wheelchair accessible.

- I had to keep the video camera readily accessible in case I saw something that needed to be filmed.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

2. accessibility

- Unlike the other South Western reservoirs it has uniquely easy accessibility.

N-UNCOUNT

3. accessible
If something is accessible to people, they can easily use it or obtain it.

- The aim of any reform of legal aid should be to make the system accessible to more people.

- This device helps make virtual reality a more usable and accessible technology.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

4. accessibility

- ...growing public concern about the cost, quality and accessibility of health care.

N-UNCOUNT

5. accessible
If you describe a book, painting, or other work of art as accessible , you think it is good because it is simple enough for people to understand and appreciate easily.

- Both say they want to write literary books that are accessible to a general audience.

- ...their reputation for providing exciting and accessible theatre for young people.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n approval

6. accessibility

- Seminar topics are chosen for their accessibility to a general audience.

N-UNCOUNT

accessibility

noun

1.

handiness

availability

nearness

possibility

readiness

2.

approachability

affability

cordiality

friendliness

informality

3.

openness

susceptibility

accessible

adjective

1.

handy

achievable

at hand

attainable

available

near

nearby

obtainable

reachable

2.

approachable

affable

available

cordial

friendly

informal

3.

open

exposed

liable

susceptible

vulnerable

wide-open

accession

[D.J.:ækˈseʃən]

[K.K.:ækˈsɛʃən]

n.

就职, 就任, 即位

接近，到达

增加，添加，加入

增加物，添加物，新增资料

同意，赞成；认可，答应

(对同盟、国际条约等的)正式加入，正式接受

<罕>(感情、怒气等的)爆发；(疾病等的)发作

accession

1. accession
Accession is the act of taking up a position as the ruler of a country. (FORMAL)

- ...the 40th anniversary of the Queen's accession to the throne.

N-UNCOUNT: with poss, oft N to n

2. accession
A country's accession to a group of countries or to an association is its joining that group of countries or association. (FORMAL)

- ...Namibia's accession to the Lome convention.

- ...a ballot over the issue of Kashmir's accession to India.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss, N to n

accessorize

[D.J.:ækˈsesəˌraiz]

[K.K.:ækˈsɛsəˌraɪz]

v.

装饰,补充 穿戴装饰品

accessorize

accessorize accessorizes accessorizing accessorized
To accessorize something such as a set of furniture or clothing means to add other things to it in order to make it look more attractive.

- Adding extra fabrics and linens is one of the easiest ways to accessorise your bedroom.

VB (BRIT) also accessorise

accessories

n.

附件

accessory

[D.J.:ækˈsesəri]

[K.K.:ækˈsɛsəri]

n.

附件, 配件

同谋, 帮凶, 包庇犯

accessory **

1. accessory accessories
Accessories are items of equipment that are not usually essential, but which can be used with or added to something else in order to make it more efficient, useful, or decorative.

- ...an exclusive range of hand-made bedroom and bathroom accessories.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. accessory accessories
Accessories are articles such as belts and scarves which you wear or carry but which are not part of your main clothing.
N-COUNT: usu pl

3. accessory accessories
If someone is guilty of being an accessory to a crime, they helped the person who committed it, or knew it was being committed but did not tell the police. (LEGAL)

- She had been charged with being an accessory to the embezzlement of funds from a co-operative farm.

N-COUNT: usu N to n
= accomplice

4. accessory
You can use accessory to describe something which is part of an activity or process, but not the most essential or important part of it. (FORMAL)

- Forster established the essentiality of minerals as accessory food factors required for maintaining life.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

accessory

noun

1.

addition

accompaniment

adjunct

adornment

appendage

attachment

decoration

extra

supplement

trimming

2.

accomplice

abettor

assistant

associate in crime

colleague

confederate

helper

partner

access road

access road access roads
An access road is a road which enables traffic to reach a particular place or area.

- ...the access road to the airport.

N-COUNT

accident

[D.J.:ˈæksidənt]

[K.K.:ˈæksɪdənt, -ˌdɛnt]

n.

意外遭遇, 事故

机遇, 命运, 造化

accident ***

1. accident accidents
An accident happens when a vehicle hits a person, an object, or another vehicle, causing injury or damage.

- She was involved in a serious car accident last week.

- The train driver failed to brake in time, according to the official report into the accident.

N-COUNT

2. accident accidents
If someone has an accident , something unpleasant happens to them that was not intended, sometimes causing injury or death.

- 5,000 people die every year because of accidents in the home.

- The police say the killing of the young man was an accident.

N-COUNT

3. accident accidents
If something happens by accident , it happens completely by chance.

- She discovered the problem by accident during a visit to a nearby school.

- Almost like an accident of nature, this family has produced more talent than seems possible.

N-VAR: usu by N
= chance

4. accident
If you describe something or someone as an accident waiting to happen , you mean that they are likely to be a cause of danger in the future, for example because they are in poor condition or behave in an unpredictable way.

- A lot of the city's buildings are accidents waiting to happen.

PHR: N inflects, v-link PHR

5. accident
You begin a sentence with ` it's no accident ' if you want to suggest that something was done deliberately or has a logical explanation, although it might give the impression of having happened by chance.

- It's no accident that the boom in police series on TV coincided with the decline of the Western.

PHR: usu PHR that

accident

noun

1.

misfortune

calamity

collision

crash

disaster

misadventure

mishap

2.

chance

fate

fluke

fortuity

fortune

hazard

luck

accidental

[D.J.:ˌæksiˈdentl]

[K.K.:ˌæksɪˈdɛntl]

adj.

意外的; 偶然(发生)的

accidentally

[D.J.:ˌæksɪˈdentəlɪ]

adv.

偶然地；意外地；非故意地

accidentally on purpose

故作意外地；有意装无意地

accidental **

1. accidental
An accidental event happens by chance or as the result of an accident, and is not deliberately intended.

- Video evidence was shown to the inquest jury, before it returned a verdict of accidental death.

- His hand brushed against hers; it could have been either accidental or deliberate.

ADJ
≠ deliberate

2. accidentally

- A policeman accidentally killed his two best friends with a single bullet.

- A special locking system means the door cannot be opened accidentally.

ADV: ADV with v
≠ deliberately

accidental

adjective

unintentional

casual

chance

fortuitous

haphazard

inadvertent

incidental

random

unexpected

unforeseen

unlooked-for

unplanned

accidentally

adverb

unintentionally

by accident

by chance

fortuitously

haphazardly

inadvertently

incidentally

randomly

unwittingly

accident and emergency

accident and emergency.
The accident and emergency is the room or department in a hospital where people who have severe injuries or sudden illness are taken for emergency treatment. (BRIT; in AM use emergency room )
N-COUNT
= A & E casualty

accident prone

accident prone
If you describe someone or something as accident prone , you mean that a lot of accidents or other unpleasant things happen to them.
ADJ-GRADED also accident-prone

acclaim

[D.J.:əˈkleim]

[K.K.:əˈklem]

vt.

向…欢呼, 向…喝彩

称赞…

欢呼或拥戴(某人)为…

n.

热烈欢迎或赞同; 称赞

acclaim **

1. acclaim acclaims acclaiming acclaimed
If someone or something is acclaimed , they are praised enthusiastically. (FORMAL)

- More recently she has been acclaimed for the TV dramas `Prime Suspect' and `Civvies'.

- He was acclaimed as England's greatest modern painter.

- The group's debut album was immediately acclaimed a hip hop classic.

VB: usu passive

2. acclaimed

- She has published six highly acclaimed novels.

ADJ-GRADED

3. acclaim
Acclaim is public praise for someone or something. (FORMAL)

- Angela Bassett has won critical acclaim for her excellent performance.

- All this equipment has received international acclaim from the specialist hi-fi press.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft adj N
= praise

acclaim

verb

1.

praise

applaud

approve

celebrate

cheer

clap

commend

exalt

hail

honour

salute

noun

2.

praise

acclamation

applause

approval

celebration

commendation

honour

kudos

acclamation

[D.J.:ˌækləˈmeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌækləˈmeʃən]

n.

<正>喝彩；欢呼；欢迎

(口头表决)拥护,赞成

(常用复数)欢呼声；喝彩声

acclamation

1. acclamation
Acclamation is a noisy or enthusiastic expression of approval for someone or something. (FORMAL)

- The event went ahead to universal acclamation from spectators and participants alike.

N-UNCOUNT
= applause

2. acclamation
If someone is chosen or elected by acclamation , they are elected without a written vote. (FORMAL)

- ...Al Gore was nominated by acclamation for vice president.

N-UNCOUNT

acclamation

noun

praise

acclaim

adulation

approval

ovation

plaudit

tribute

acclimatization

[D.J.:əˌklaimətaiˈzeiʃən]

[K.K.:əˌklaɪmətɪˈzeʃən]

n.

环境适应性

acclimatize

[D.J.:əˈklaɪməˌtaɪz]

[K.K.:əˈklaɪməˌtaɪz]

vi. & vt.

(使)服水土,(使)适应新气候或环境

acclimatizable

adj.

acclimatization

n.

acclimatizer

n.

acclimatize

1. acclimatize acclimatizes acclimatizing acclimatized
When you acclimatize or are acclimatized to a new situation, place, or climate, you become used to it. (FORMAL)

- The athletes are acclimatising to the heat by staying in Monte Carlo.

- This year he has left for St Louis early to acclimatise himself.

- They have been travelling for two days and will need some time to acclimatise.

V-ERG (BRIT) also acclimatise

2. acclimatization

- Acclimatization to higher altitudes may take several weeks.

N-UNCOUNT

3. acclimatized

- She figured that it would take her two years to get acclimatized to her new surroundings.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n

acclimatization

noun

adaptation

adjustment

habituation

inurement

naturalization

acclimatize

verb

adapt

accommodate

accustom

adjust

get used to

habituate

inure

naturalize

accolade

[D.J.:ˈækəˌleɪd, -ˌlɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈækəˌled, -ˌlɑd]

n.

嘉奖；赞许

册封爵士的仪式(用剑面在肩上轻拍一下)

<音>(连结几行谱表的)连谱号

<建>(窗、门上方的)桃尖拱形线脚，窗或门顶葱形拱线饰

accolade *

accolade accolades
If someone is given an accolade , something is done or said about them which shows how much people admire them. (FORMAL)

- The Nobel prize has become the ultimate accolade in the sciences.

- Ari Hart recently received the accolade of being represented in the Museum of Modern Art.

N-COUNT
= honour award tribute

accolade

noun

praise

acclaim

applause

approval

commendation

compliment

ovation

recognition

tribute

accommodate

[D.J.:əˈkɔmədeit]

[K.K.:əˈkɑməˌdet]

vt.

容纳

向…提供住处

使适应, 顺应

accommodating

[D.J.:əˈkɔməˌdeɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:əˈkɑməˌdetɪŋ]

adj.

乐于助人的,与人方便的,肯通融的

随和的，好打交道的

善于适应新环境的

调节性的，融通性的

accommodatingly

adv.

accommodate **

1. accommodate accommodates accommodated
If a building or space can accommodate someone or something, it has enough room for them.

- The school in Poldown was not big enough to accommodate all the children.

- The CD-ROMS will accommodate the works of all English poets from 600 to 1900.

VB: no cont

2. accommodate accommodates accommodating accommodated
To accommodate someone means to provide them with a place to live or stay.

- ...a hotel built to accommodate guests for the wedding of King Alfonso...

- Students are accommodated in homes nearby.

VB

3. accommodate accommodates accommodating accommodated
If something is planned or changed to accommodate a particular situation, it is planned or changed so that it takes this situation into account.

- The roads are built to accommodate gradual temperature changes.

- The way that American history is taught may change in order to accommodate some more of those cultures.

VB

4. accommodate accommodates accommodating accommodated
If you do something to accommodate someone, you do it with the main purpose of pleasing or satisfying them.

- He has never put an arm around his wife to accommodate photographers.

- He's already altered several of the proposals in his economic plan to accommodate demands of special interests.

VB
= oblige

5. accommodate accommodates accommodating accommodated
If you accommodate to something new, you change your behaviour or ideas so that you are able to deal with it. (FORMAL)

- Some animal and plant species cannot accommodate to the rapidly changing conditions.

- She walked slowly to accommodate herself to his pace.

VB
= adapt

accommodating

accommodating
If you describe someone as accommodating , you like the fact that they are willing to do things in order to please you or help you.
ADJ-GRADED approval
= obliging co-operative

accommodate

verb

1.

house

cater for

entertain

lodge

put up

shelter

2.

help

aid

assist

oblige

serve

3.

adapt

adjust

comply

conform

fit

harmonize

modify

reconcile

settle

accommodating

adjective

helpful

considerate

cooperative

friendly

hospitable

kind

obliging

polite

unselfish

willing

accommodation

[D.J.:əˌkɔməˈdeiʃən]

[K.K.:əˌkɑməˈdeʃən]

n.

住处(尤指仅供短期使用的)

accommodation **

1. accommodation
Accommodation is used to refer to buildings or rooms where people live or stay. (BRIT; in AM use accommodations )

- The government will provide temporary accommodation for up to three thousand people sleeping rough in London.

- Prices start at £2,095 per person, including flights, hotel accommodation and various excursions.

- Rates are higher for deluxe accommodations and lower in the off-season.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. accommodation
Accommodation is space in buildings or vehicles that is available for certain things, people, or activities. (FORMAL)

- The school occupies split-site accommodation on the main campus.

- Some trains carry bicycles, but accommodation is restricted so a reservation is essential.

N-UNCOUNT

3. accommodation accommodations
An accommodation is an agreement between different people which enables them to exist together without trouble. (FORMAL)

- His instinct would be to seek a new accommodation with the nationalists.

- Religions, to survive, must make accommodations with the larger political structures that nurture them.

N-COUNT: oft N with n, N between pl-n

accommodation

noun

housing

board

digs Brit. informal

house

lodging(s)

quarters

shelter

accompaniment

[D.J.:əˈkʌmpəni:mənt, əˈkʌmpni:-]

[K.K.:əˈkʌmpənimənt, əˈkʌmpni-]

n.

伴随物

伴奏，伴唱

accompaniment *

1. accompaniment accompaniments
The accompaniment to a song or tune is the music that is played at the same time as it and forms a background to it.

- He sang `My Funny Valentine' and `Wanted' to musical director Jim Steffan's piano accompaniment.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. accompaniment accompaniments
If one thing happens to the accompaniment of another, they happen at the same time.

- This recipe makes a good accompaniment to ice-cream.

- The two teams took a lap of honour together to the accompaniment of fireworks.

PHR-PREP

accompaniment

noun

1.

supplement

accessory

companion

complement

2.

backing music

backing

accompanist

[D.J.:əˈkʌmpənist]

[K.K.:əˈkʌmpənɪst, əˈkʌmpnɪst]

n.

伴奏者

accompanist

accompanist accompanists
An accompanist is a musician, especially a pianist, who plays one part of a piece of music while someone else sings or plays the main tune.
N-COUNT

accompany

[D.J.:əˈkʌmpəni]

[K.K.:əˈkʌmpəni, əˈkʌmpni]

vt.

陪伴, 陪同

伴随…同时发生

伴奏

accompanying

adj.

陪伴的,附随的

accompany ***

1. accompany accompanies accompanying accompanied
If you accompany someone, you go somewhere with them. (FORMAL)

- Ken agreed to accompany me on a trip to Africa.

- She was accompanied by her younger brother.

- The Prime Minister, accompanied by the governor, led the President up to the house.

VB

2. accompany accompanies accompanying accompanied
If one thing accompanies another, it happens or exists at the same time, or as a result of it. (FORMAL)

- This volume of essays was designed to accompany an exhibition in Cologne.

- The proposal was instantly voted through with two to one in favour, accompanied by enthusiastic applause.

- Perhaps the accompanying illustration will explain it.

VB

3. accompany accompanies accompanying accompanied
If you accompany a singer or a musician, you play one part of a piece of music while they sing or play the main tune.

- On Meredith's new recording, Eddie Higgins accompanies her on all but one song.

- We ended with Blake's Jerusalem, accompanied on the organ by Herbert Wiseman.

VB

accompany

verb

1.

go with

attend

chaperon

conduct

convoy

escort

hold (someone's) hand

2.

occur with

belong to

come with

follow

go together with

supplement

accompanying

adjective

additional

associated

attached

attendant

complementary

related

supplementary

accomplice

[D.J.:əˈkɔmplis]

[K.K.:əˈkɑmplɪs]

n.

从犯, 帮凶, 同谋

accomplice *

accomplice accomplices
Someone's accomplice is a person who helps them to commit a crime.

- Witnesses said the gunman immediately ran to a motorcycle being ridden by an accomplice.

- His accomplice was arrested after a high-speed police chase.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

accomplice

noun

helper

abettor

accessory

ally

assistant

associate

collaborator

colleague

henchman

partner

accomplish

[D.J.:əˈkɔmpliʃ]

[K.K.:əˈkɑmplɪʃ]

vt.

完成, 实现, 做成功

accomplished

[D.J.:əˈkɔmplɪʃt]

[K.K.:əˈkɑmplɪʃt]

adj.

完成了的；实现了的；竣工的

聪明的;有才艺的, 娴熟的

善于交际的，多社交才能的

mission accomplished

任务已完成

accomplish **

accomplish accomplishes accomplishing accomplished
If you accomplish something, you succeed in doing it.

- If we'd all work together, I think we could accomplish our goal.

- They are skeptical about how much will be accomplished by legislation.

VB
= realize

accomplished **

accomplished
If someone is accomplished at something, they are very good at it. (FORMAL)

- She is an accomplished painter and a prolific author of stories for children.

- ...one of the most accomplished composers of our time.

ADJ-GRADED

accomplish

verb

do

achieve

attain

bring about

carry out

complete

effect

execute

finish

fulfil

manage

perform

produce

accomplished

adjective

skilled

expert

gifted

masterly

polished

practised

proficient

talented

accomplishment

[D.J.:əˈkɔmplɪʃmənt]

[K.K.:əˈkɑmplɪʃmənt]

n.

完成，实现

技能, (社交上的)才艺

成绩；成就；完成的工作

accomplishments

n.

造诣

accomplishment *

1. accomplishment accomplishments
An accomplishment is something remarkable that has been done or achieved.

- For a novelist, that's quite an accomplishment.

- By any standards, the accomplishments of the past year are extraordinary.

N-COUNT
= achievement

2. accomplishment accomplishments
Your accomplishments are the things that you can do well or the important things that you have done. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl, oft poss N

3. accomplishment
The accomplishment of something is the fact of achieving or finishing it.

- His function is vital to the accomplishment of the agency's mission.

N-UNCOUNT
= accomplishing

accomplishment

noun

1.

completion

bringing about

carrying out

conclusion

execution

finishing

fulfilment

performance

2.

achievement

act

coup

deed

exploit

feat

stroke

triumph

accord

[D.J.:əˈkɔ:d]

[K.K.:əˈkɔrd]

n.

一致, 符合

(尤指国与国之间的)谅解, 协议

vt.

给予, 赠予

vi.

符合, 一致

according

[əˈkɔ:diŋ]

adv.

依照

accord *****

1. accord accords
An accord between countries or groups of people is a formal agreement, for example to end a war.

- ...UNITA, legalised as a political party under the 1991 peace accords.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft n N

2. accord accords according accorded
If you are accorded a particular kind of treatment, people act towards you or treat you in that way. (FORMAL)

- His predecessor was accorded an equally tumultuous welcome.

- On his return home, the government accorded him the rank of Colonel.

- The treatment accorded to a United Nations official was little short of insulting.

VB
= grant

3. accord accords according accorded
If one fact, idea, or condition accords with another, they are in agreement and there is no conflict between them. (FORMAL)

- Such an approach accords with the principles of socialist ideology.

- ...scientific evidence that did not fully accord with the facts uncovered by the police.

VB
= correspond

4. accord
If one person, action, or fact is in accord with another, they are in agreement and there is no conflict between them. You can also say that two people or things are in accord . (FORMAL)

- ...this military action, taken in accord with United Nations resolutions...

- Old enemies can become new friends even if all their national interests are not in complete accord.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v, oft PHR with n

5. accord
If something happens of its own accord , it seems to happen by itself, without anyone making it happen.

- In many cases the disease will clear up of its own accord.

PHR: PHR after v

6. accord
If you do something of your own accord , you do it because you want to, without being asked or forced.

- He did not quit as France's prime minister of his own accord.

PHR: PHR after v
= voluntarily

7. accord
If a number of people do something with one accord , they do it together or at the same time, because they agree about what should be done. (LITERARY)

- With one accord they turned and walked back over the grass.

PHR

accord

noun

1.

agreement

conformity

correspondence

harmony

rapport

sympathy

unison

verb

2.

fit

agree

conform

correspond

harmonize

match

suit

tally

accordance

[D.J.:əˈkɔ:dəns]

[K.K.:əˈkɔrdns]

n.

一致, 和谐, 符合

accordance *

accordance
If something is done in accordance with a particular rule or system, it is done in the way that the rule or system says that it should be done.

- Entries which are illegible or otherwise not in accordance with the rules will be disqualified.

PHR-PREP

accordingly

[D.J.:əˈkɔ:diŋli]

[K.K.:əˈkɔrdɪŋli]

adv.

照着, 相应地

因此, 所以, 于是

accordingly **

1. accordingly
You use accordingly to introduce a fact or situation which is a result or consequence of something that you have just referred to.

- We have a different background, a different history. Accordingly, we have the right to different futures.

- The workforce have recently been calling for their working hours to be reduced. Many companies have accordingly switched to a five-day week.

ADV: usu ADV with cl, also ADV with v
= therefore consequently

2. accordingly
If you consider a situation and then act accordingly , the way you act depends on the nature of the situation.

- It is a difficult job and they should be paid accordingly.

- The new government will make a judgment about its interests and act accordingly.

ADV: ADV after v

accordingly

adverb

1.

appropriately

correspondingly

fitly

properly

suitably

2.

consequently

as a result

ergo

hence

in consequence

so

therefore

thus

according to *****

1. according to
If someone says that something is true according to a particular person, book, or other source of information, they are indicating where they got their information.

- Philip stayed at the hotel, according to Mr Hemming.

- He and his father, according to local gossip, haven't been in touch for years.

PHR-PREP

2. according to
If something is done according to a particular set of principles, these principles are used as a basis for the way it is done.

- They both played the game according to the rules.

- They must take their own decision according to their own legal advice.

PHR-PREP

3. according to
If something varies according to a changing factor, it varies in a way that is determined by this factor.

- Prices vary according to the quantity ordered.

- The route that the boatmen choose varies according to the water level.

PHR-PREP

4. according to
If something happens according to plan , it happens in exactly the way that it was intended to happen.

- If all goes according to plan, the first concert will be Tuesday evening.

PHR: usu PHR after v

according to

adverb

1.

as stated by

as believed by

as maintained by

in the light of

on the authority of

on the report of

2.

in keeping with

after

after the manner of

consistent with

in accordance with

in compliance with

in line with

in the manner of

accordion

[D.J.:əˈkɔ:di:ən]

[K.K.:əˈkɔrdiən]

n.

手风琴

accordion *

accordion accordions
An accordion is a musical instrument in the shape of a fairly large box which you hold in your hands. You play the accordion by pressing keys or buttons on either side while moving the two sides together and apart. Accordions are used especially to play traditional popular music.
N-COUNT
= squeezebox

accost

[D.J.:əˈkɔ:st, əˈkɔst]

[K.K.:əˈkɔst, əˈkɑst]

vt.

走过去跟…讲话, 跟…搭讪

(乞丐等)上前向…乞讨

(妓女等)勾搭,近前勾引,引诱,拉客

vi.

贴近地面飞

<古>接界；邻接，交接

n.

<罕>搭讪，攀谈

accostable

adj.

accostable

adj.

易接近的

accost

accost accosts accosting accosted
If someone accosts another person, especially a stranger, they stop them or go up to them and speak to them in a way that seems rude or threatening. (FORMAL)

- I went up to the policeman and complained that this man had accosted me in the street.

VB disapproval

accost

verb

approach

buttonhole

confront

greet

hail

account

[D.J.:əˈkaunt]

[K.K.:əˈkaʊnt]

n.

账, 账户

记述, 描述, 报道

vi.

解释; 说明

vt.

认为

accounting

[D.J.:əˈkaʊntɪŋ]

[K.K.:əˈkaʊntɪŋ]

n.

会计；会计学；会计制度

会计业务或能力

账单；借贷对照表

记账；结账；结算；决算

There’s no accounting for tastes.

人各有所好。

accounts

账目,账号

account *****

1. account accounts
If you have an account with a bank or a similar organization, you have an arrangement to leave your money there and take some out when you need it.

- Some banks make it difficult to open an account.

- I had two accounts with Natwest, a savings account and a current account.

N-COUNT

2. account accounts
In business, a regular customer of a company can be referred to as an account , especially when the customer is another company.

- Biggart Donald, the Glasgow-based marketing agency, has won two Edinburgh accounts.

N-COUNT

3. account accounts
Accounts are detailed records of all the money that a person or business receives and spends.

- He kept detailed accounts.

- ...an account book.

N-COUNT: usu pl

4. account accounts
An account is a written or spoken report of something that has happened.

- He gave a detailed account of what happened on the fateful night.

- According to police accounts, Mr and Mrs Hunt were found dead on the floor of their kitchen.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n
= statement

5. account accounts
An account of something is a theory which is intended to explain or describe it. (FORMAL)

- This basic utilitarian model gives a relatively unsophisticated account of human behaviour.

- Science, on Weber's account, is an essentially value-free activity.

N-COUNT: usu N of n, oft poss N

6. account accounts accounting accounted
If you say that something is accounted a particular thing, you are reporting someone's judgement or opinion that it is that thing. (FORMAL)

- The opening day of the battle was, nevertheless, accounted a success.

- ...homosexuals, whose sexual behaviour is still accounted sinful by the church.

VB: usu passive

7. account
If you say that something is true by all accounts or from all accounts , you believe it is true because other people say so.

- He is, by all accounts, a superb teacher.

PHR: PHR with cl

8. account
If you say that someone gave a good account of themselves in a particular situation, you mean that they performed well, although they may not have been completely successful.

- We have been hindered by our lack of preparation, but I'm sure we will give a good account of ourselves.

PHR: V inflects

9. account
If you say that something is of no account or of little account , you mean that it is very unimportant and is not worth considering. (FORMAL)

- These obscure groups were of little account in either national or international politics.

PHR: v-link PHR

10. account
If you buy or pay for something on account , you pay nothing or only part of the cost at first, and pay the rest later.

- He was ordered to pay the company £500,000 on account pending a final assessment of his liability.

PHR: PHR after v

11. account
You use on account of to introduce the reason or explanation for something.

- The President declined to deliver the speech himself, on account of a sore throat.

- A newly-married couple, he thought, on account of their walking so close together.

PHR-PREP
= because of

12. account
Your feelings on someone's account are the feelings you have about what they have experienced or might experience, especially when you imagine yourself to be in their situation.

- Mollie told me what she'd done and I was really scared on her account.

PHR: usu adj/n PHR
= on someone's behalf

13. account
If you tell someone not to do something on your account , you mean that they should do it only if they want to, and not because they think it will please you. (SPOKEN)

- Don't leave on my account.

PHR: PHR after v
= for your sake

14. account
If you say that something should on no account be done, you are emphasizing that it should not be done under any circumstances.

- On no account should the mixture come near boiling.

PHR emphasis
= under no circumstances

15. account
You can use on that account or on this account when you want to say that something happens for the reason you have just mentioned.

- Wine is radioactive but few people stop drinking it on that account.

PHR: usu PHR after v, PHR with cl

16. account
If you say that something concerning a particular person is true by his or her own account , you mean that you believe it because that person has said it is true.

- He was by his own account an ambitious workaholic.

PHR

17. account
If you take part in a business activity on your own account , you do it for yourself, and not as a representative or employee of a company.

- She had plans to set up in business on her own account.

PHR: PHR after v

18. account
If you do something on your own account , you do it because you want to and without being asked, and you take responsibility for your own action.

- I told him if he withdrew it was on his own account.

PHR: PHR after v

19. account
To settle accounts with an enemy or opponent means to bring your fight or quarrel to an end by defeating them. (WRITTEN)

- ...until the great day came when the Germans could finally settle accounts with the British...

- Their sleep is regularly disturbed by the sound of gunfire as criminal gangs settle their nightly accounts.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, PHR with n, pl-n PHR

20. account
If you take something into account , or take account of something, you consider it when you are thinking about a situation or deciding what to do.

- The defendant asked for 21 similar offences to be taken into account.

- Urban planners in practice have to take account of many interest groups in society.

PHR: V inflects
= consider

21. account
If someone is called, held, or brought to account for something they have done wrong, they are made to explain why they did it, and are often criticized or punished for it.

- Individuals who repeatedly provide false information should be called to account for their actions.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR for n

accounting **

accounting
Accounting is the activity of keeping detailed records of the amounts of money a business or person receives and spends.

- ...allegations of theft, forgery and false accounting.

- ...the accounting firm of Leventhal & Horwath.

N-UNCOUNT
See also account .

account

noun

1.

description

explanation

narrative

report

statement

story

tale

version

2.

statement

balance

bill

books

charge

invoice

reckoning

register

score

tally

3.

importance

consequence

honour

note

significance

standing

value

worth

verb

4.

consider

count

estimate

judge

rate

reckon

regard

think

value

account for *****

1. account for accounts for; accounting for; accounted for
If a particular thing accounts for a part or proportion of something, that part or proportion consists of that thing, or is used or produced by it.

- Computers account for 5% of the country's commercial electricity consumption.

PHR-V

2. account for accounts for; accounting for; accounted for
If something accounts for a particular fact or situation, it causes or explains it.

- Now, the gene they discovered today doesn't account for all those cases.

PHR-V
= explain

3. account for accounts for; accounting for; accounted for
If you can account for something, you can explain it or give the necessary information about it.

- How do you account for the company's alarmingly high staff turnover?.

- He said only 200 of the train's 600 passengers had been accounted for.

PHR-V
= explain

4. account for accounts for; accounting for; accounted for
If someone has to account for an action or policy, they are responsible for it, and may be required to explain it to other people or be punished if it fails.

- The President and the President alone must account for his government's reforms.

PHR-V
= answer for

5. account for accounts for; accounting for; accounted for
If a sum of money is accounted for in a budget, it has been included in that budget for a particular purpose.

- The really heavy redundancy costs have been accounted for.

PHR-V

6. account for accounts for; accounting for; accounted for
If you account for an enemy or opponent, you kill, destroy, or beat them.

- In the first ten days of May our squadron accounted for at least seven enemy aircraft.

- In the final they accounted for Brentford by three goals to two.

PHR-V

account for

verb

explain

answer for

clarify

clear up

elucidate

illuminate

justify

rationalize

accountability

[əˌkauntəˈbiliti]

n.

有责任,有义务,可说明性

accountable

[D.J.:əˈkauntəbl]

[K.K.:əˈkaʊntəbəl]

adj.

负有责任的, 应对自己的行为做出说明的

accountable **

1. accountable
If you are accountable to someone for something that you do, you are responsible for it and must be prepared to justify your actions to that person.

- Public officials can finally be held accountable for their actions.

- The major service industries should be accountable to their customers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to/for n
= answerable

2. accountability

- ...an impetus towards democracy and greater accountability.

N-UNCOUNT

accountability

noun Commerce

responsibility

answerability

chargeability

culpability

liability

accountable

adjective

responsible

amenable

answerable

charged with

liable

obligated

obliged

accountancy

[D.J.:əˈkauntənsɪ]

n.

会计工作;会计职业

会计学

accountancy *

accountancy
Accountancy is the theory or practice of keeping financial accounts.

- He's sitting his final exams in accountancy.

N-UNCOUNT

accountant

[D.J.:əˈkauntənt]

[K.K.:əˈkaʊntənt]

n.

会计人员, 会计师

accountant **

accountant accountants
An accountant is a person whose job is to keep financial accounts.
N-COUNT

accountant

noun

auditor

bean counter informal

book-keeper

accoutrement

[əˈku:təmənt]

n.

穿着,配备

accoutrements

[D.J.:əˈku:təmənts]

n.

设备,装备,饰物

(个人的全套)衣服，服装；(个人佩带的)饰品，饰物

常规，传统做法

accoutrement

accoutrement accoutrements
Accoutrements are all the things you have with you when you travel or when you take part in a particular activity. (OLD-FASHIONED or HUMOROUS)

- I loved stationery and all the accoutrements of writing.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp, oft N of n (AM) also accouterment
= paraphernalia

accredit

[D.J.:əˈkredɪt]

[K.K.:əˈkrɛdɪt]

vt.

官方认可, 接受或同意

把…归结于，把…归咎于

相信，信以为真

委托

委任，委派，派遣，派出(使节)

确认…达到(某规定的)标准，鉴定…为合格

认为…具有某种特点，认为…属于

褒奖；称赞，赞许

accreditable

adj.

accreditment

n.

accreditation

[D.J.:əˌkrediteiʃən]

[K.K.:əˌkrɛdɪˈteʃən]

n.

委派,信赖,鉴定合格

accredited

[əˈkreditid]

adj.

可接受的,可信任的,公认的,质量合格的

accredit *

1. accredit accredits accrediting accredited
If an educational qualification or institution is accredited , it is officially declared to be of an approved standard. (FORMAL)

- This degree programme is fully accredited by the Institution of Electrical Engineers.

- ...an accredited college of Brunel University.

VB: usu passive
= endorse

2. accreditation

- ...the Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education.

N-UNCOUNT

3. accredit accredits accrediting accredited
If someone such as a diplomat or journalist is accredited to a particular job or place, they are officially recognized as having that job, or the right to be in that place. (FORMAL)

- The President proposed that Russian diplomats could be accredited to NATO headquarters.

- Some of the organisations taking part protested that the delegates they had chosen were not being accredited.

- ...fully accredited diplomats.

VB: usu passive

4. accreditation

- Media representatives should arrive at the Press Centre by 11:40 to obtain accreditation.

N-UNCOUNT

accredited

adjective

authorized

appointed

certified

empowered

endorsed

guaranteed

licensed

official

recognized

accretion

[D.J.:əˈkri:ʃən]

[K.K.:əˈkriʃən]

n.

堆积,积累

添加生长，自然增长

增加部分；附加

增加的结果，积成的整体

<植>连生；合生；共生

<医>粘连

<地质>冲积层

<天>吸积

<律>添附(指土地的自然增长)；(因共同继承人或受遗赠人放弃而)多分得的遗产

accretionary

adj.

accretive

adj.

accretion

1. accretion accretions
An accretion is an addition to something, usually one that has been added over a period of time. (FORMAL)

- ...the mythical structure has been overlaid by literary accretions.

N-COUNT

2. accretion
Accretion is the process of new layers or parts being added to something so that it increases in size. (FORMAL)

- The larger the animal, the greater the accretion of poison in the fat.

N-UNCOUNT

accrual

[D.J.:əˈkru:əl]

[K.K.:əˈkruəl]

n.

获利,利息,自然增长

accruals

权责发生额

accrual

accrual accruals
In finance, the accrual of something such as interest or investments is the adding together of interest or different investments over a period of time. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the accrual of funds used during construction.

- ...an accrual method of accounting.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N n
= accumulation

accrue

[D.J.:əˈkru:]

[K.K.:əˈkru]

vi.

增加, 增长

(使钱款、债务)积累

自然形成；得益，获利

(权利)产生或赋予

vi.

获得；积累；收集

accruable

adj.

accrued

adj.

accrued

权责已发生的

accrue *

1. accrue accrues accruing accrued
If money or interest accrues , it gradually increases in amount over a period of time. (TECHNICAL)

- I owed £5,000 -- part of this was accrued interest.

- While they may use a credit card for convenience, affluent people never let interest charges accrue.

- Officials say the options will offer investors a longer time in which to accrue profits.

V-ERG
= accumulate

2. accrue accrues accruing accrued
If things such as profits or benefits accrue to someone, they are added to over a period of time. (FORMAL)

- Financial economies may accrue through more advantageous bulk-buying discounts.

- The project would be one from which considerable benefit would accrue to the community.

- In many cases, the fee structure alone will exceed the tax benefits accrued.

V-ERG

accrue

verb

increase

accumulate

amass

arise

be added

build up

collect

enlarge

flow

follow

grow

accumulate

[D.J.:əˈkju:mjuleit]

[K.K.:əˈkjumjəˌlet]

vt. & vi.

堆积; 积累

accumulating

累加;聚积

accumulate **

accumulate accumulates accumulating accumulated
When you accumulate things or when they accumulate , they collect or are gathered over a period of time.

- It suggests that households accumulate wealth across a broad spectrum of assets.

- Lead can accumulate in the body until toxic levels are reached.

V-ERG
= build up

accumulate

verb

collect

accrue

amass

build up

gather

hoard

increase

pile up

store

accumulation

[D.J.:əˌkju:mjəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:əˌkjumjəˈleʃən]

n.

积累；积攒；积聚；堆积

累积量；堆积量

堆积物；累积物

<会计>(利润、息金带来的)资本增益；本利滚计；累计额

<主英>高低两等学位的同时取得

accumulation *

1. accumulation accumulations
An accumulation of something is a large number of things which have been collected together or acquired over a period of time.

- Gamekeeping is not some sort of science, but an accumulation of experience and knowledge.

- ...accumulations of dirt.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. accumulation
Accumulation is the collecting together of things over a period of time.

- ...the accumulation of capital and the distribution of income...

- The rate of accumulation decreases with time.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= growth

accumulation

noun

collection

build-up

gathering

heap

hoard

increase

mass

pile

stack

stock

stockpile

store

accumulative

[D.J.:əˈkju:mjulətiv]

[K.K.:əˈkjumjəˌletɪv, -lətɪv]

adj.

积聚的,累积的

accumulative

accumulative
If something is accumulative, it becomes greater in amount, number, or intensity over a period of time.

- The consensus is that risk factors have an accumulative effect.

ADJ
= cumulative

accuracy

[D.J.:ˈækjurəsi]

[K.K.:ˈækjərəsi]

n.

精确(性), 准确(性)

accuracy **

1. accuracy
The accuracy of information or measurements is their quality of being true or correct, even in small details.

- The preceding text cannot be guaranteed as to the accuracy of speakers' words or spelling.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
≠ inaccuracy

2. accuracy
If someone or something performs a task, for example hitting a target, with accuracy , they do it in an exact way without making a mistake.

- ...weapons that could fire with accuracy at targets 3,000 yards away...

- Every bank pays close attention to the speed and accuracy of its staff.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with N
≠ inaccuracy

accuracy

noun

exactness

accurateness

authenticity

carefulness

closeness

correctness

fidelity

precision

strictness

truthfulness

veracity

accurate

[D.J.:ˈækjurit]

[K.K.:ˈækjərɪt]

adj.

精确的, 准确的

正确无误的

accurately

[D.J.:ˈækjurətlɪ]

adv.

正确无误地，准确地

精确地

accurate ***

1. accurate
Accurate information, measurements, and statistics are correct to a very detailed level. An accurate instrument is able to give you information of this kind.

- Police have stressed that this is the most accurate description of the killer to date.

- This may provide a quick and accurate way of monitoring the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.

- Quartz timepieces are very accurate, to a minute or two per year.

ADJ-GRADED
= precise ≠ inaccurate

2. accurately

- The test can accurately predict what a bigger explosion would do.

ADV-GRADED

3. accurate
An accurate statement or account gives a true or fair judgement of something.

- Joseph Stalin gave an accurate assessment of the utility of nuclear weapons.

- They were accurate in their prediction that he would change her life drastically.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ inaccurate

4. accurately

- What many people mean by the word `power' could be more accurately described as `control'.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
≠ inaccurately

5. accurate
You can use accurate to describe the results of someone's actions when they do or copy something correctly or exactly.

- This summer's exam results are the first to be weighted for accurate spelling and punctuation.

- ...his maliciously accurate imitation of Hubert de Burgh.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ inaccurate

6. accurate
An accurate weapon or throw reaches the exact point or target that it was intended to reach. You can also describe a person as accurate if they fire a weapon or throw something in this way.

- The rifle was extremely accurate.

- The pilots, however, were not as accurate as they should be.

ADJ-GRADED
= precise ≠ inaccurate

7. accurately

- The more accurately you can aim bombs from aircraft, the fewer civilians you will kill.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= precisely ≠ inaccurately

accurate

adjective

exact

authentic

close

correct

faithful

precise

scrupulous

spot-on Brit. informal

strict

true

unerring

accurately

adverb

exactly

authentically

closely

correctly

faithfully

precisely

scrupulously

strictly

to the letter

truly

unerringly

accursed

[D.J.:əˈkə:sid]

[K.K.:əˈkɚsɪd, əˈkɚst]

adj.

被咒的,可憎的

accursed

1. accursed
Some people use accursed to describe something which they are very annoyed about. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He commented that it was about time he left that accursed woman.

ADJ: ADJ n feelings
= damned

2. accursed
If a person is accursed , they have been cursed. (LITERARY)
ADJ: v-link ADJ
= damned

accursed

adjective

1.

cursed

bewitched

condemned

damned

doomed

hopeless

ill-fated

ill-omened

jinxed

unfortunate

unlucky

wretched

2.

hateful

abominable

despicable

detestable

execrable

hellish

horrible

accusation

[D.J.:ˌækju:ˈzeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌækjuˈzeʃən]

n.

指责；指控；控告

(被告发、控告的)罪名，罪状

accusation **

1. accusation accusations
If you make an accusation against someone, you criticize them or express the belief that they have done something wrong.

- Kim rejects accusations that Country music is over-sentimental.

- Another accusation levelled at the Minister is that he does not understand ordinary people.

- She was surprised that he had no words of blame or accusation for her.

N-VAR: oft N that, N of n/-ing
= charge

2. accusation accusations
An accusation is a statement or claim by a witness or someone in authority that a particular person has committed a crime, although this has not yet been proved.

- ...people who have made public accusations of rape...

- The government denied the accusation that it was involved in the murders.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, N that

accusation

noun

charge

allegation

complaint

denunciation

incrimination

indictment

recrimination

accusative

[D.J.:əˈkju:zətiv]

[K.K.:əˈkjuzətɪv]

adj.,n.

宾格(的),宾语(的)

accusative

accusative
In the grammar of some languages, the accusative , or the accusative case , is the case used for a noun when it is the direct object of a verb, or the object of some prepositions. In English, only the pronouns `me', `him', `her', `us', and `them' are in the accusative. Compare nominative .
N-SING: the N

accusatory

[əˈkju:zətəri]

adj.

非难的,控诉的,指责的

accusatory

accusatory
An accusatory look, remark, or tone of voice suggests blame or criticism. (WRITTEN)

- Her blue eyes took on an unblinking, accusatory stare.

ADJ-GRADED
= accusing

accuse

[D.J.:əˈkju:z]

[K.K.:əˈkjuz]

vt.

指责, 谴责; 控告

accused

[D.J.:əˈkju:zd]

[K.K.:əˈkjuzd]

n.

被告

accusing

[əˈkju:ziŋ]

adj.

责难的,问罪的,归罪的

accusingly

[D.J.:əˈkju:zɪŋlɪ]

adv.

用指责的态度

accuse ****

1. accuse accuses accusing accused
If you accuse someone of doing something wrong or dishonest, you say or tell them that you believe that they did it.

- My mum was really upset because he was accusing her of having an affair with another man.

- Talk things through in stages. Do not accuse or apportion blame.

VB

2. accuse accuses accusing accused
If you are accused of a crime, a witness or someone in authority states or claims that you did it, and you may be formally charged with it and put on trial.

- Her assistant was accused of theft and fraud by the police.

- He faced a total of seven charges, all accusing him of lying in his testimony.

- The accused men have been given relatively light sentences.

VB

3. accuse
If someone stands accused of something, they have been accused of it.

- The candidate stands accused of breaking promises even before he's in office.

- Today, Rostov stands accused of extortion and racketeering.

PHR: V inflects, PHR of n/-ing

accused *

accused
You can use the accused to refer to a person or a group of people charged with a crime or on trial for it. (LEGAL)

- The accused is alleged to be a member of a right-wing gang.

- The fifteen accused, young men from different parts of England, denied the charges.

N-COUNT: the N accused is both the singular and the plural form
= defendant

accusing

1. accusing
If you look at someone with an accusing expression or speak to them in an accusing tone of voice, you are showing that you think they have done something wrong.

- The accusing look in her eyes conveyed her sense of betrayal.

ADJ-GRADED

2. accusingly

- `Where have you been?' he asked Blake accusingly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
See also accuse .

accuse

verb

charge

blame

censure

denounce

impeach

impute

incriminate

indict

accuser

[əˈkju:zə]

n.

原告

accuser

accuser accusers
An accuser is a person who says that another person has done something wrong, especially that he or she has committed a crime.

- ...a criminal proceeding where defendants have the right to confront their accusers.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

accustom

[D.J.:əˈkʌstəm]

[K.K.:əˈkʌstəm]

vt.

accustom sb/yourself to sth;accustom sb/yourself to doing sth

(使)习惯于

accustomation

n.

accustomed

[D.J.:əˈkʌstəmd]

[K.K.:əˈkʌstəmd]

adj.

惯常的

习惯于…的

accustom *

accustom accustoms accustoming accustomed
If you accustom yourself or another person to something, you make yourself or them become used to it. (FORMAL)

- ...while his team accustoms itself to the pace and style of first division rugby...

- Shakespeare has accustomed us to a mixture of humor and tragedy in the same play.

VB
= familiarize

See also accustomed .

accustomed *

1. accustomed
If you are accustomed to something, you know it so well or have experienced it so often that it seems natural, unsurprising, or easy to deal with.

- I was accustomed to being the only child at a table full of adults.

- She had not yet become accustomed to the fact that she was a rich woman.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n/-ing
= used ≠ unaccustomed

2. accustomed
When your eyes become accustomed to darkness or bright light, they adjust so that you start to be able to see things, after not being able to see properly at first.

- My eyes were becoming accustomed to the gloom and I was able to make out a door at one side of the room.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n

3. accustomed
You can use accustomed to describe an action that someone usually does, a quality that they usually show, or an object that they usually use.

- He took up his accustomed position with his back to the fire.

- Freed acted with his accustomed shrewdness.

- ...his accustomed glass of whisky.

ADJ: poss ADJ n
= usual habitual

accustom

verb

adapt

acclimatize

acquaint

discipline

exercise

familiarize

train

accustomed

adjective

1.

usual

common

conventional

customary

established

everyday

expected

habitual

normal

ordinary

regular

traditional

2.

used

acclimatized

acquainted

adapted

familiar

familiarized

given to

in the habit of

trained

ace

[D.J.:eis]

[K.K.:es]

n.

某些活动中的能手

(网球比赛中, 尤指发球)得分的一击

ace **

1. ace aces
An ace is a playing card with a single symbol on it. In most card games, the ace of a particular suit has either the highest or the lowest value of the cards in that suit.

- ...the ace of hearts.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. ace aces
If you describe someone such as a sports player as an ace , you mean that they are very good at what they do. (JOURNALISM)

- ...former motor-racing ace Stirling Moss.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft n N

3. ace
Also an adjective.

- ...ace horror-film producer Lawrence Woolsey.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. ace
If you say that something is ace , you think that it is good and you like it a lot. (INFORMAL)

- It's been a while since a really ace film came out of Germany.

ADJ approval

5. ace aces
In tennis, an ace is a serve which is so fast that the other player cannot reach the ball.

- The American served three aces in the opening game of the set.

N-COUNT

6. ace
If you say that someone holds all the aces , you mean that they have all the advantages in a contest or situation.

- `When I was an adolescent,' says a thirty-one-year-old man, `I thought girls held all the aces.'

PHR: V inflects

7. ace
Something that is an ace in the hole is an advantage which you have over an opponent or rival, and which you can use if necessary.

- Our superior technology is our ace in the hole.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

8. ace
If you come within an ace of doing something, or you are within an ace of doing something, you very nearly do or experience it.

- He was intent on murder and he came within an ace of succeeding.

PHR: V inflects, PHR -ing/n

ace

noun

1.

one

single point

2.

expert

champion

dab hand Brit. informal

master

star

virtuoso

wizard informal

adjective

3.

excellent

awesome slang

brilliant

fine

great

outstanding

superb

acerbic

[D.J.:əˈsə:bik]

[K.K.:əˈsɚbɪk]

adj.

酸的,尖刻的

acerbic

acerbic
Acerbic humour is critical and direct. (FORMAL)

- Comments I have made in a spirit of slightly acerbic wit have been misunderstood.

- His lyrics are as acerbic and poignant as they ever have been.

ADJ-GRADED
= sharp

acerbity

[D.J.:əˈsə:bətɪ ]

n.

酸；苦味，苦涩；辛辣

(脾气、性情、言词等)尖刻，苛刻，严厉，粗暴

acerbity

acerbity
Acerbity is a kind of bitter, critical humour. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

acetate

[D.J.:ˈæsiˌteit]

[K.K.:ˈæsɪˌtet]

n.

醋酸盐,醋酸纤维素及其制成的产品

acetate

acetate
Acetate is a shiny artificial material, sometimes used for making clothes or records.
N-UNCOUNT

acetic acid

acetic acid
Acetic acid is a colourless acid. It is the main substance in vinegar.
N-UNCOUNT

acetone

[D.J.:ˈæsitəun]

[K.K.:ˈæsɪˌton]

n.

丙酮

acetone

acetone
Acetone is a type of solvent.
N-UNCOUNT

acetylene

[D.J.:əˈsetili:n]

[K.K.:əˈsɛtlˌin, -ən]

n.

乙炔,电石气

acetylene

acetylene
Acetylene is a colourless gas which burns with a very hot bright flame. It is often used in lamps and for cutting and welding metal.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

ache

[D.J.:eik]

[K.K.:ek]

n.

疼痛

vi.

疼痛

渴望

aching

[D.J.:ˈeikiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈekɪŋ]

adj.

痛的,疼痛的,心痛的

ache **

1. ache aches aching ached
If you ache or a part of your body aches , you feel a steady, fairly strong pain.

- The glands in her neck were swollen, her head was throbbing and she ached all over.

- My leg is giving me much less pain but still aches when I sit down.

- The weary holidaymakers soothed their aching feet in the sea.

VB

2. ache aches
An ache is a steady, fairly strong pain in a part of your body.

- You feel nausea and aches in your muscles.

- Poor posture can cause neck ache, headaches and breathing problems.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N in n, n N
See also backache , headache , heartache , stomach ache .

3. ache aches aching ached
If you ache for something or your heart aches , you want something very much, and feel very unhappy because you cannot have it. (WRITTEN)

- She still ached for the lost intimacy and sexual contact of marriage.

- But Spain was a country aching to get away from its past.

- It was quite an achievement to keep smiling when his heart must have been aching.

VB
= long

4. ache
Also a noun.

- You also feel an overwhelming ache for support from others which you cannot put into words.

N-SING: N for n

5. ache
You can use aches and pains to refer in a general way to any minor pains that you feel in your body.

- It seems to ease all the aches and pains of a hectic and tiring day.

PHR

ache

verb Informal

1.

hurt

pain

pound

smart

suffer

throb

twinge

noun

2.

pain

hurt

pang

pounding

soreness

suffering

throbbing

achievable

adj.

做得成的,可完成的,可有成就的

achievable

achievable
If you say that something you are trying to do is achievable , you mean that it is possible for you to succeed in doing it.

- A 50% market share is achievable.

- It is often a good idea to start with smaller, easily achievable goals.

ADJ-GRADED
= attainable

achieve

[D.J.:əˈtʃi:v]

[K.K.:əˈtʃiv]

vt.

取得, 获得

实现, 达到, 完成

achieved

[D.J.:əˈtʃi:vd]

[K.K.:əˈtʃivd]

adj.

高度完美的

achieve ****

achieve achieves achieving achieved
If you achieve a particular aim or effect, you succeed in doing it or causing it to happen, usually after a lot of effort.

- There are many who will work hard to achieve these goals.

- We have achieved what we set out to do.

VB
= accomplish

achieve

verb

attain

accomplish

acquire

bring about

carry out

complete

do

execute

fulfil

gain

get

obtain

perform

achievement

[D.J.:əˈtʃi:vmənt]

[K.K.:əˈtʃivmənt]

n.

成就; 成绩; 功绩

达到; 完成

achievements

劳绩

achievement ***

1. achievement achievements
An achievement is something which someone has succeeded in doing, especially after a lot of effort.

- It was a great achievement that a month later a global agreement was reached.

- The Conference will be a celebration of women's achievements.

N-COUNT
= accomplishment

2. achievement
Achievement is the process of achieving something.

- It is only the achievement of these goals that will finally bring lasting peace.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

achievement

noun

accomplishment

act

deed

effort

exploit

feat

feather in one's cap

stroke

achiever *

achiever achievers
An achiever is someone who is successful in their studies or their work, usually as a result of their efforts. A low achiever is someone who achieves less than those around them.

- High achievers at British Airways are in line for cash bonuses.

- In school, he was not one of the achievers.

- ...a way to keep low achievers from dropping out.

N-COUNT

Achilles heel

Achilles heel
Someone's Achilles heel is the weakest point in their character or nature, where it is easiest for other people to attack or criticize them.

- Horton's Achilles heel was that he could not delegate.

N-SING: usu poss N

Achilles tendon

Achilles tendon Achilles tendons
Your Achilles tendon or your Achilles is the tendon inside the back of your leg just above your heel.
N-COUNT

achingly

achingly
You can use achingly for emphasis when you are referring to things that create feelings of wanting something very much, but of not being able to have it. (WRITTEN)

- ...three achingly beautiful ballads.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv emphasis

achy

[D.J.:ˈeɪki:]

[K.K.:ˈeki]

adj.

疼痛的

achy

achy
If you feel achy , your body hurts. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- I feel achy all over.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

acid

[D.J.:ˈæsid]

[K.K.:ˈæsɪd]

adj.

酸味的, 酸的

尖刻的

n.

〈化〉酸

酸味物质

acidity

[D.J.:əˈsɪdɪti:]

[K.K.:əˈsɪdɪti]

n.

酸性,酸味

(言词等的)类刻，尖酸，刻薄

<化>酸性，酸度

<医>胃酸过多

acidly

adv.

不悦地,心地不良地

acid ***

1. acid acids
An acid is a chemical substance, usually a liquid, which contains hydrogen and can react with other substances to form salts. Some acids burn or dissolve other substances that they come into contact with.

- ...citric acid...

- Acids in the stomach destroy the virus.

N-MASS
≠ alkali

2. acid
An acid substance contains acid.

- These shrubs must have an acid, lime-free soil.

ADJ-GRADED

3. acidity

- ...the acidity of rainwater.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

4. acid
An acid fruit or drink has a sour or sharp taste.

- These wines may taste rather hard and somewhat acid.

ADJ-GRADED
= acidic

5. acidity

- ...a finely balanced wine with ripe acidity and soft fruit flavours.

N-UNCOUNT

6. acid
An acid remark, or acid humour, is very unkind or critical.

- This comedy of contemporary manners is told with compassion and acid humour.

ADJ-GRADED

7. acidly

- `You don't know how to be a mother and you never did,' she said acidly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

8. acid
The drug LSD is sometimes referred to as acid . (INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

acid

adjective

1.

sour

acerbic

acrid

pungent

tart

vinegary

2.

sharp

biting

bitter

caustic

cutting

harsh

trenchant

vitriolic

acidity

noun

1.

sourness

acerbity

pungency

tartness

2.

sharpness

bitterness

harshness

acid house

acid house
Acid house is a type of electronic dance music with a strong, repeated rhythm.
N-UNCOUNT

acidic

[D.J.:əˈsɪdɪk]

adj.

(味)酸的

尖刻的，尖酸的，刻薄的

<化>酸的，酸性的

<地质>含有大量硅酸的，含有过量酸性物质的

迷幻狂舞的

acidic *

1. acidic
Acidic substances contain acid.

- Dissolved carbon dioxide makes the water more acidic.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ alkaline

2. acidic
An acidic taste is sour and sharp.

- If the sprouts smell, or taste, mouldy or acidic do not eat them.

ADJ-GRADED
= acid

acid rain *

acid rain
Acid rain is rain polluted by acid that has been released into the atmosphere from factories and other industrial processes. Acid rain is harmful to the environment.
N-UNCOUNT

acid test

acid test
The acid test of something is an important aspect or result that it might have, which allows you to decide whether it is true or successful.

- The perception of fairness is the acid test for a democracy.

N-SING: the N

acknowledge

[D.J.:əkˈnɔlidʒ]

[K.K.:ækˈnɑlɪdʒ]

vt.

承认, 供认

告知已收到

鸣谢, 感谢

acknowledged

[əkˈnɔlidʒid]

adj.

公认的

acknowledge ***

1. acknowledge acknowledges acknowledging acknowledged
If you acknowledge a fact or a situation, you accept or admit that it is true or that it exists. (FORMAL)

- Naylor acknowledged, in a letter to the judge, that he was a drug addict.

- Belatedly, the government has acknowledged the problem.

- There is an acknowledged risk of lung cancer from radon.

VB
= admit

2. acknowledge acknowledges acknowledging acknowledged
If someone's achievements, status, or qualities are acknowledged , they are known about and recognized by a lot of people, or by a particular group of people.

- He is also acknowledged as an excellent goal-keeper.

- Some of the clergy refused to acknowledge the new king's legitimacy.

VB
= recognize

3. acknowledge acknowledges acknowledging acknowledged
If you acknowledge a message or letter, you write to the person who sent it in order to say that you have received it.

- The army sent me a postcard acknowledging my request.

VB

4. acknowledge acknowledges acknowledging acknowledged
If you acknowledge someone, for example by moving your head or smiling, you show that you have seen and recognized them.

- He saw her but refused to even acknowledge her.

VB

5. acknowledge acknowledges acknowledging acknowledged
If you acknowledge someone's applause, compliments, or kindness you make a gesture in order to thank them or show your appreciation.

- Doran stuck his head out of the window to acknowledge the cheering.

- She never even acknowledged the man who opened the door for her.

- He acknowledged the applause with a small bow.

VB

acknowledge

verb

1.

accept

admit

allow

concede

confess

declare

grant

own

profess

recognize

yield

2.

greet

address

hail

notice

recognize

salute

3.

reply to

answer

notice

react to

recognize

respond to

return

acknowledged

adjective

accepted

accredited

approved

confessed

declared

professed

recognized

returned

acknowledgement

[əkˈnɔlidʒmənt]

n.

答谢的表示

确认收到的信等

致谢, 鸣谢

acknowledgement *

1. acknowledgement
An acknowledgement is a statement or action which recognizes that something exists or is true.

- The President's resignation appears to be an acknowledgment that he has lost all hope of keeping the country together.

- He appreciated her acknowledgement of his maturity.

N-SING: also no det, usu with supp, oft N that, N of n also acknowledgment
= recognition

2. acknowledgement acknowledgements
The acknowledgements in a book are the section in which the author thanks all the people who have helped him or her.
N-PLURAL also acknowledgment

3. acknowledgement
A gesture of acknowledgement , such as a smile, shows someone that you have seen and recognized them.

- Farling smiled in acknowledgement and gave a bow.

- Mitzi nodded a perfunctory acknowledgement as her glass was filled.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N also acknowledgment

4. acknowledgement acknowledgements
An acknowledgement is a published statement in which you express your gratitude for or appreciation of something.

- The benefit to the donor was an acknowledgment of the donation in a printed bulletin.

- Grateful acknowledgment is made for permission to reprint.

N-VAR also acknowledgment

5. acknowledgement acknowledgements
An acknowledgement is a letter or message that you receive from someone, telling you that something you have sent to them has arrived.

- I have received neither an acknowledgment nor a reply.

N-COUNT also acknowledgment

acme

[D.J.:ˈækmɪ]

n.

最高点，顶点;极点

acme

acme
The acme of something is its highest point of achievement or excellence. (FORMAL)

- His work is considered the acme of cinematic art.

N-SING: usu the N of n
= height

acne

[D.J.:ˈækni:]

[K.K.:ˈækni]

n.

<医>痤疮,粉刺

acne *

acne
If someone has acne , they have a skin condition which causes a lot of spots on their face and neck.
N-UNCOUNT

acolyte

[D.J.:ˈækəˌlaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈækəˌlaɪt]

n.

助手;随从;新手

<宗>(天主教)侍祭;侍僧;沙弥

<天>卫星

acolyte

1. acolyte acolytes
An acolyte is a follower or assistant of an important person. (FORMAL)

- Richard Brome, an acolyte of Ben Jonson's, wrote `The Jovial Crew' in 1641.

- To his acolytes, he is known simply as `the Boss'.

N-COUNT

2. acolyte acolytes
An acolyte is someone who assists a priest in performing certain religious services.

- When the barge reached the shrine, acolytes removed the pall.

N-COUNT

acorn

[D.J.:ˈeɪˌkɔ:n, ˈeɪkən]

[K.K.:ˈeˌkɔrn, ˈekən]

n.

橡子, 栎实

acorn

acorn acorns
An acorn is a pale oval nut that is the fruit of an oak tree.
N-COUNT

acoustic

[D.J.:əˈku:stik]

[K.K.:əˈkustɪk]

adj.

声音的, 听觉的

acoustically

adv.

听觉上,声学上

acoustic **

1. acoustic
An acoustic guitar or other instrument is one whose sound is produced without any electrical equipment.
ADJ: ADJ n

2. acoustically

- It's a very exciting time, I think, to be writing acoustically based music.

ADV: oft ADV with cl

3. acoustic
If you refer to the acoustics or the acoustic of a space, you are referring to the structural features which determine how well you can hear music or speech in it.

- In this performance, Rattle had the acoustic of the Symphony Hall on his side.

N-COUNT

4. acoustically

- The church is fully air-conditioned and acoustically perfect.

ADV: ADV adj

5. acoustic
Acoustics is the scientific study of sound.
N-UNCOUNT

6. acoustic
Acoustic means relating to sound or hearing. Compare aural .

- ...acoustic signals.

ADJ: ADJ n

acquaint

[D.J.:əˈkweint]

[K.K.:əˈkwent]

vt.

使熟悉, 使了解

通知, 告知

acquainted

[D.J.:əˈkweɪntɪd]

[K.K.:əˈkwentɪd]

adj.

了解，知晓(某事)

熟悉，(与某人相识)

交游甚广的

acquaint *

acquaint acquaints acquainting acquainted
If you acquaint someone with something, you tell them about it so that they know it. If you acquaint yourself with something, you learn about it. (FORMAL)

- Have steps been taken to acquaint breeders with their right to apply for licences?.

- I want to acquaint myself with your abilities, your strengths and weaknesses.

VB
= familiarize

See also acquainted .

acquainted

1. acquainted
If you are acquainted with something, you know about it because you have learned it or experienced it. (FORMAL)

- He was well acquainted with the literature of France, Germany and Holland.

- I am also looking forward to getting more acquainted with immigration law.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with n
= familiar with

2. acquainted
If you are acquainted with someone, you have met them and you know them. You can also say that two people are acquainted . (FORMAL)

- No-one personally acquainted with the couple was permitted to talk to the Press.

- It's true we were acquainted, but no more than that.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n

3. acquainted
If you get or become acquainted with someone that you do not know, you talk to each other or do something together so that you get to know each other. You can also say that two people get or become acquainted .

- At first the meetings were a way to get acquainted with each other.

- ...an opportunity for the leaders to become better acquainted.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n

acquaint

verb

tell

disclose

divulge

enlighten

familiarize

inform

let (someone) know

notify

reveal

acquaintance

[D.J.:əˈkweintəns]

[K.K.:əˈkwentəns]

n.

相识的人, 熟人

对…有了解, 熟知, 认识

acquaintance **

1. acquaintance acquaintances
An acquaintance is someone who you have met and know slightly, but not well.

- He exchanged a few words with the proprietor, an old acquaintance of his.

- I have a large circle of friends and acquaintances engaged in photography.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

2. acquaintance acquaintances
If you have an acquaintance with someone, you have met them and you know them.

- ...a writer who becomes involved in a real murder mystery through his acquaintance with a police officer...

- On first acquaintance she is cool and slightly distant.

N-VAR: oft poss N, N with n, on N

3. acquaintance
Your acquaintance with a subject is your knowledge or experience of it. (FORMAL)

- They had little or no acquaintance with Chinese philosophy or history.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N with n

4. acquaintance
When you make someone's acquaintance , you meet them for the first time and get to know them a little. (FORMAL)

- I first made his acquaintance and that of his wife and young family in the early 1960s.

- I am so pleased to make your acquaintance, Mr Tweed.

PHR: V inflects

5. acquaintance
A person of your acquaintance is someone who you have met and know. (FORMAL)

- ...a highly cultivated woman of our acquaintance.

PHR: n PHR

acquaintance

noun

1.

associate

colleague

contact

2.

knowledge

awareness

experience

familiarity

fellowship

relationship

understanding

acquiesce

[D.J.:ˌækwi:ˈes]

[K.K.:ˌækwiˈɛs]

vi.

默认,默许

acquiescence

n.

默认,默许

acquiescent

adj.

默认的

acquiescence

[D.J.:ˌækwiˈesns]

[K.K.:ˌækwiˈɛsəns]

n.

默许

acquiescent

[D.J.:ˌækwi:ˈesənt]

[K.K.:ˌækwiˈɛsənt]

adj.

默认的

acquiescently

adv.

acquiescently

adv.

默认地,顺从地

acquiesce

acquiesce acquiesces acquiescing acquiesced
If you acquiesce in something, you agree to do what someone wants or to accept what they do. (FORMAL)

- Steve seemed to acquiesce in the decision.

- He has gradually acquiesced to the demands of the opposition.

- When her mother suggested that she should not go far from the hotel, Alice willingly acquiesced.

VB
= give in submit ≠ resist

acquiesce

verb

agree

accede

accept

allow

approve

assent

comply

concur

conform

consent

give in

go along with

submit

yield

acquiescence

acquiescence
Acquiescence is agreement to do what someone wants, or acceptance of what they do even though you do not agree with it. (FORMAL)

- Deirdre smiled her acquiescence and resumed her seat.

- Fear of rapid social change made temporary acquiescence in slavery tolerable in the South.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, oft N in/to n
≠ resistance

acquiescence

noun

agreement

acceptance

approval

assent

compliance

conformity

consent

giving in

obedience

submission

yielding

acquiescent

acquiescent
Someone who is acquiescent is ready to agree to do what someone wants, or to accept what they do. (FORMAL)

- The other men were acquiescent, but Trevor had an independent streak.

ADJ-GRADED
= submissive

acquire

[D.J.:əˈkwaiə]

[K.K.:əˈkwaɪr]

vt.

获得, 得到, 养成

acquired

[D.J.:əˈkwaɪəd]

[K.K.:əˈkwaɪrd]

adj.

(尤指靠自己的努力或行动)获得的，得到的；习得的

<医>后天的

an acquired taste

起初不喜欢但后来逐渐培养的爱好；养成的爱好

acquiring

瞄准

acquire ***

1. acquire acquires acquiring acquired
If you acquire something, you buy or obtain it for yourself, or someone gives it to you. (FORMAL)

- General Motors acquired a 50% stake in Saab for about $400m.

- I recently acquired some wood from a holly tree which has been felled.

- She was sitting in her newly-acquired wheelchair.

VB

2. acquire acquires acquiring acquired
If you acquire something such as a skill or a habit, you learn it, or develop it through your daily life or experience.

- I've never acquired a taste for wine.

- Having read the book, she will be able to pass on the acquired knowledge to trainee teachers.

VB

3. acquire acquires acquiring acquired
If someone or something acquires a certain reputation, they start to have that reputation.

- He has begun to acquire a reputation among some critics as perhaps this country's premier solo violinist.

VB

4. acquire
If you describe something as an acquired taste , you mean that a lot of people do not like it when they first experience it, but often start to like it more when they get to know it better.

- Broad beans are very much an acquired taste..

- Living alone is an acquired taste.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

acquire

verb

get

amass

attain

buy

collect

earn

gain

gather

obtain

receive

secure

win

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome is the same as AIDS .
N-UNCOUNT

acquirer

让受方

acquirer

acquirer acquirers
In business, an acquirer is a company or person who buys another company. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the ability of corporate acquirers to finance large takeovers.

N-COUNT

acquisition

[D.J.:ˌækwiˈziʃən]

[K.K.:ˌækwɪˈzɪʃən]

n.

获得, 得到

获得者, 获得物

acquisition ***

1. acquisition acquisitions
If a company or business person makes an acquisition , they buy another company or part of a company.

- ...the acquisition of a profitable paper recycling company.

- ...the number of mergers and acquisitions made by Europe's 1,000 leading firms.

N-VAR: oft N of n

2. acquisition acquisitions
If you make an acquisition , you buy or obtain something, often to add to things that you already have.

- How did you go about making this marvellous acquisition then?

- ...the President's recent acquisition of a helicopter.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= purchase

3. acquisition acquisitions
You can use acquisition to refer to an object that you buy or obtain, often to add to things that you already have.

- From her wardrobe Laura took her latest acquisition, a bright red dress.

N-COUNT
= purchase

4. acquisition
The acquisition of a skill or a particular type of knowledge is the process of learning it or developing it.

- ...language acquisition.

N-UNCOUNT: n N, N of n

acquisition

noun

1.

possession

buy

gain

prize

property

purchase

2.

acquiring

attainment

gaining

procurement

acquisitive

[D.J.:əˈkwɪzɪtɪv]

[K.K.:əˈkwɪzɪtɪv]

adj.

(对钱财等)渴望得到的; 贪得无厌的

能够获得并保存的

acquisitively

adv.

acquisitiveness

n.

acquisitively

adv.

贪得无厌地,能获得并保留地

acquisitive

1. acquisitive
If you describe a person or an organization as acquisitive , you do not approve of them because you think they are too concerned with getting new possessions.

- We live in an acquisitive society.

- The most acquisitive firms tend to be engineering groups.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

2. acquisitiveness

- His villa is filled with evidence of his acquisitiveness.

N-UNCOUNT

acquisitive

adjective

greedy

avaricious

avid

covetous

grabbing

grasping

predatory

rapacious

acquit

[D.J.:əˈkwit]

[K.K.:əˈkwɪt]

vt.

宣判…无罪

使(自己)作出某种表现

acquit *

1. acquit acquits acquitting acquitted
If someone is acquitted of a crime in a court of law, they are formally declared not to have committed the crime.

- Mr Ling was acquitted of disorderly behaviour by magistrates.

VB: usu passive
= clear ≠ convict

2. acquit acquits acquitting acquitted
If you acquit yourself well or admirably in a particular situation, other people feel that you have behaved well or admirably. (FORMAL)

- Most officers and men acquitted themselves well throughout the action.

VB

acquit

verb

1.

clear

discharge

free

liberate

release

vindicate

2.

behave

bear

comport

conduct

perform

acquittal

[D.J.:əˈkwɪtl]

[K.K.:əˈkwɪtl..]

n.

宣告无罪

(义务、职责等的)履行；尽职

<古>(债务等的)清偿

acquittal *

acquittal acquittals
Acquittal is a formal declaration in a court of law that someone who has been accused of a crime is innocent.

- ...the acquittal of six police officers charged with the beating of an alleged drug dealer...

- The jury voted 8-to-4 in favor of acquittal.

- The trial resulted in acquittals on all but one count.

N-VAR
≠ conviction

acquittal

noun

clearance

absolution

deliverance

discharge

exoneration

liberation

release

relief

vindication

acre

[D.J.:ˈeikə]

[K.K.:ˈekɚ]

n.

英亩

acre ***

acre acres
An acre is an area of land measuring 4840 square yards or 4047 square metres.

- The property is set in two acres of land.

N-COUNT

acreage

[D.J.:ˈeɪkərɪdʒ, ˈeɪkrɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈekərɪdʒ, ˈekrɪdʒ]

n.

英亩数

(总称) (以英亩计的)土地面积

<美>

acreage

acreage acreages
Acreage is a large area of farm land. (FORMAL)

- He has sown coffee on part of his acreage.

- Enormous acreages of soya beans are grown in the United States.

N-VAR

acrid

[D.J.:ˈækrɪd]

[K.K.:ˈækrɪd]

adj.

辛辣的, 刺鼻的

(性格、态度、言词等)刻薄的，尖刻的，刻毒的，讥刺的

acridity

n.

acridly

adv.

acridness

n.

acridity

[əˈkriditi]

n.

辛辣,狠毒

acridness

n.

辛辣,苦

acrid

acrid
An acrid smell or taste is strong and sharp, and usually unpleasant.

- The room filled with the acrid smell of tobacco.

- The plant has an unpleasant odour and an acrid taste.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= pungent bitter

acrid

adjective

pungent

bitter

caustic

harsh

sharp

vitriolic

acrimonious

[D.J.:ˌækrəˈməʊni:əs]

[K.K.:ˌækrəˈmoniəs]

adj.

(尤指争吵)尖酸刻薄的，讥讽的，激烈的

acrimoniously

adv.

acrimoniousness

n.

acrimoniously

adv.

毒辣地,尖刻地

acrimonious *

1. acrimonious
Acrimonious words or quarrels are bitter and angry. (FORMAL)

- The acrimonious debate on the agenda ended indecisively.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= bitter

2. acrimoniously

- Our relationship ended acrimoniously.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

acrimonious

adjective

bitter

caustic

irascible

petulant

rancorous

spiteful

splenetic

testy

acrimony

[D.J.:ˈækrəˌməʊni:]

[K.K.:ˈækrəˌmoni]

n.

(言语、态度等的)尖刻, 讥讽, 毒辣, 激烈

acrimony

acrimony
Acrimony is bitter and angry words or quarrels. (FORMAL)

- The council's first meeting ended in acrimony.

N-UNCOUNT

acrimony

noun

bitterness

harshness

ill will

irascibility

rancour

virulence

acrobat

[D.J.:ˈækrəˌbæt]

[K.K.:ˈækrəˌbæt]

n.

杂技演员

立场观点善变的人，主张、政见等变化无常的人

acrobat

acrobat acrobats
An acrobat is an entertainer who performs difficult physical acts such as jumping and balancing, especially in a circus.
N-COUNT
= tumbler

acrobatic

[D.J.:ˌækrəˈbætɪk]

[K.K.:ˌækrəˈbætɪk]

adj.

杂技的，杂技般的，杂技演员的

acrobatically

adv.

acrobatic

acrobatic
An acrobatic movement or display involves difficult physical acts such as jumping and balancing, especially in a circus.

- He performed a sensational acrobatic feat.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

acrobatics

[D.J.:ˌækrəˈbætɪks]

[K.K.:ˌækrəˈbætɪks]

n.

杂技，杂技表演

杂技艺术，技巧，特技

巧妙手法；熟练技巧

特技飞行

acrobatics

acrobatics
Acrobatics are acrobatic movements.
N-PLURAL

acronym

[D.J.:ˈækrəˌnɪm]

[K.K.:ˈækrəˌnɪm]

n.

首字母缩略词

vt.

构成…的词首字缩略词，把…缩合成首字母组合词

acronymic

adj.

acronymous

adj.

acronymic

adj.

关于首字母缩略字的

acronymous

adj.

关于首字母缩略字的

acronym *

acronym acronyms
An acronym is a word composed of the first letters of the words in a phrase, especially when this is used as a name. An example of an acronym is NATO which is made up of the first letters of the `North Atlantic Treaty Organization'.
N-COUNT

across

[D.J.:əˈkrɔs]

[K.K.:əˈkrɔs, əˈkrɑs]

prep.

(表示位置)在…对面[另一边]; 横在[披在]…上; 掠过…; 透过

(表示方向)横越, 横跨; 横穿, 穿越; 从…的另一面[边]

(表示状态)与…交叉着; 触及, 波及, 影响到

adv.

从这一边到另一边

在对面, 向对面

跨度

成十字形, 成交叉状

传达过来

across *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, across is used in phrasal verbs such as `come across', `get across', and `put across'.)

1. across
If someone or something goes across a place or a boundary, they go from one side of it to the other.

- She walked across the floor and lay down on the bed.

- He watched Karl run across the street to Tommy.

- ...an expedition across Africa.

PREP

2. across
Also an adverb.

- Richard stood up and walked across to the window.

ADV: ADV after v

3. across
If something is situated or stretched across something else, it is situated or stretched from one side of it to the other.

- ...the floating bridge across Lake Washington in Seattle...

- He scrawled his name across the bill.

- Lucy had strung a banner across the wall saying `Welcome Home Daddy'.

PREP

4. across
Also an adverb.

- Trim toenails straight across using nail clippers.

ADV: ADV after v

5. across
If something is lying across an object or place, it is resting on it and partly covering it.

- She found her clothes lying across the chair.

- The wind pushed his hair across his face.

PREP
= over

6. across
Something that is across something such as a street, river, or area is on the other side of it.

- Anyone from the houses across the road could see him.

- When I saw you across the room I knew I'd met you before.

PREP

7. across
Also an adverb.

- They parked across from the Castro Theatre.

- He pulled up a chair and sat down across from Michael.

ADV: ADV after v, usu ADV from n

8. across
If you look across at a place, person, or thing, you look towards them.

- He glanced across at his sleeping wife.

- She rose from the chair and gazed across at him.

- ...breathtaking views across to the hills.

ADV: ADV after v, oft ADV prep

9. across
You use across to say that a particular expression is shown on someone's face.

- An enormous grin spread across his face.

- For a moment a shadow seemed to pass across Roy's face.

PREP
= over

10. across
If someone hits you across the face or head, they hit you on that part.

- Graham hit him across the face with the gun, then pushed him against the wall.

PREP

11. across
When something happens across a place or organization, it happens equally everywhere within it.

- The film `Hook' opens across America on December 11.

- Thousands of farmers from across Europe have held a huge demonstration in the centre of Brussels.

- 2,000 workers across all state agencies are to be fired by March 31st.

PREP

12. across
When something happens across a political, religious, or social barrier, it involves people in different groups.

- ...parties competing across the political spectrum...

- We want to promote cosmetics that appeal across the colour barrier.

PREP
across the board : see board .

13. across
Across is used in measurements to show the width of something.

- This hand-decorated plate measures 30cm across and costs £11.50.

- The snails are no larger than one centimetre across.

ADV: amount ADV

acrylic

[D.J.:əˈkrɪlɪk]

[K.K.:əˈkrɪlɪk]

n.

丙烯酸塑料，丙烯酸纤维，丙烯酸树脂

丙烯酸树脂漆，丙烯酸树脂颜料

<画>丙烯画

adj.

<化>丙烯酸的

<化>丙烯酸衍生物的

acrylics

[əˈkriliks]

n.

丙烯酸树脂

acrylic *

1. acrylic
Acrylic material is artificial and is manufactured by a chemical process.
N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

2. acrylic acrylics
Acrylics or acrylic paint is a type of paint used by artists.

- I use watercolours much less than I do oils or acrylics.

N-MASS

act

[D.J.:ækt]

[K.K.:ækt]

vt. & vi.

行动, 做

表演, 假装

起作用

n.

行为, 行动

法令, 条例

(一)幕

acting

[D.J.:ˈæktɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈæktɪŋ]

adj.

代理的，暂时接任的

起作用的；活动着的；产生影响的

(剧本)适于演出的；供(演员)演出用的

n.

表演, 演戏;演技

装腔作势；做作

act *****

1. act acts acting acted
When you act , you do something for a particular purpose.

- The deaths occurred when police acted to stop widespread looting and vandalism.

- I have no reason to doubt that the bank acted properly in the best interests of the depositors.

VB

2. act acts acting acted
If you act on advice or information, you do what has been advised or suggested.

- A patient will usually listen to the doctor's advice and act on it.

VB

3. act acts acting acted
If someone acts in a particular way, they behave in that way.

- ...a gang of youths who were acting suspiciously...

- He acted as if he hadn't heard any of it.

- Open wounds act like a magnet to flies in hot weather.

VB
= behave

4. act acts acting acted
If someone or something acts as a particular thing, they have that role or function.

- Among his other duties, he acted both as the ship's surgeon and as chaplain for the men.

- ...the Cunard Princess, which acted as a support ship for American forces.

VB

5. act acts acting acted
If someone acts in a particular way, they pretend to be something that they are not.

- Chris acted astonished as he examined the note.

- Kenworthy had tried not to act the policeman.

VB

6. act acts acting acted
When professionals such as lawyers act for you, or act on your behalf , they are employed by you to deal with a particular matter.

- Daniel Webster acted for Boston traders while still practicing in New Hampshire.

- Because we travelled so much, Sam and I asked a broker to act on our behalf.

VB

7. act acts acting acted
If a force or substance acts on someone or something, it has a certain effect on them.

- He's taking a dangerous drug: it acts very fast on the central nervous system.

- A hypnotist can act upon the unconscious mind directly.

VB

8. act acts acting acted
If you act , or act a part in a play or film, you have a part in it.

- She confessed to her parents her desire to act.

- Roberto introduced Ingrid to Helen, whose husband was acting in Roberto's films.

VB

9. act acts
An act is a single thing that someone does. (FORMAL)

- Language interpretation is the whole point of the act of reading.

- My insurance excludes acts of sabotage and damage done by weapons of war.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

10. act
If you say that someone's behaviour is an act , you mean that it does not express their real feelings.

- There were moments when I wondered: did she do this on purpose, was it all just a game, an act?.

- His anger was real. It wasn't an act.

N-SING
= pretence

11. act acts
An Act is a law passed by the government.

- ...an Act of Parliament.

N-COUNT

12. act acts
An act in a play, opera, or ballet is one of the main parts into which it is divided.

- Act II contained one of the funniest scenes I have ever witnessed.

N-COUNT: oft N num

13. act acts
An act in a show is a short performance which is one of several in the show.

- This year numerous bands are playing, as well as comedy acts.

N-COUNT

14. act
If you catch someone in the act , you discover them doing something wrong or committing a crime.

- The men were caught in the act of digging up buried explosives.

PHR: V inflects

15. act
If someone who has been behaving badly cleans up their act , they start to behave in a more acceptable or responsible way. (INFORMAL)

- The nation's advertisers need to clean up their act.

PHR: V inflects

16. act
If you get in on the act , you take part in or take advantage of something that was started by someone else. (INFORMAL)

- In the 1970s Kodak, anxious to get in on the act, launched its own instant camera.

PHR: V inflects

17. act
You say that someone was in the act of doing something to indicate what they were doing when they were seen or interrupted.

- Ken was in the act of paying his bill when Neil came up behind him.

PHR: v-link PHR -ing

18. act
If you get your act together , you organize your life or your affairs so that you are able to achieve what you want or to deal with something effectively. (INFORMAL)

- The Government should get its act together.

- We have to get our act together -- we have to organize ourselves.

PHR: V inflects

acting **

1. acting
Acting is the activity or profession of performing in plays or films.

- Saffron Burrows returned to London to pursue her acting career after four years of modelling.

N-UNCOUNT

2. acting
You use acting before the title of a job to indicate that someone is doing that job temporarily.

- The new acting President has a reputation of being someone who is independent.

ADJ: ADJ n

act

noun

1.

deed

accomplishment

achievement

action

exploit

feat

performance

undertaking

2.

law

bill

decree

edict

enactment

measure

ordinance

resolution

statute

3.

performance

routine

show

sketch

turn

4.

pretence

affectation

attitude

front

performance

pose

posture

show

verb

5.

do

carry out

enact

execute

function

operate

perform

take effect

work

6.

perform

act out

impersonate

mimic

play

play or take the part of

portray

represent

acting

noun

1.

performance

characterization

impersonation

performing

playing

portrayal

stagecraft

theatre

adjective

2.

temporary

interim

pro tem

provisional

substitute

surrogate

act out *****

act out acts out; acting out; acted out
If you act out an event which has happened, you copy the actions which took place and make them into a play.

- The group acts out the stories in such a way that the members experience really being there.

PHR-V

act up *****

1. act up acts up; acting up; acted up
If something is acting up , it is not working properly. (INFORMAL)

- She was messing with the coffee pot, which was acting up again.

PHR-V: usu cont

2. act up acts up; acting up; acted up
If a child is acting up , they are behaving badly. (INFORMAL)

- I could hear Jonathan acting up downstairs.

PHR-V: usu cont

action

[D.J.:ˈækʃən]

[K.K.:ˈækʃən]

n.

行动, 活动

所做之事, 行为

情节

作用, 功能

action *****

1. action
Action is doing something for a particular purpose.

- The government is taking emergency action to deal with a housing crisis.

- What was needed, he said, was decisive action to halt what he called these savage crimes.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. action actions
An action is something that you do on a particular occasion.

- As always, Peter had a reason for his action.

- Jack was the sort of man who did not like his actions questioned.

N-COUNT

3. action actions
To bring a legal action against someone means to bring a case against them in a court of law. (LEGAL)

- Two leading law firms are to prepare legal actions against tobacco companies.

- ...a libel action brought by one of France's bureaucrats.

N-COUNT
= suit case

4. action
The action of a chemical is the way in which it works, or the effects that it has.

- Her description of the nature and action of poisons is amazingly accurate.

N-UNCOUNT

5. action
The action is all the important and exciting things that are happening in a situation. (INFORMAL)

- Hollywood is where the action is now.

N-SING: the N

6. action
The fighting which takes place in a war can be referred to as action .

- Leaders in America have generally supported military action if it proves necessary.

- 13 soldiers were killed and 10 wounded in action.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N

7. action
An action movie is a film in which a lot of dangerous and exciting things happen. An action hero is the main character in one of these films.

- Stallone wants to break away from his action-hero image.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. action
If someone or something is out of action , they are injured or damaged and cannot work or be used.

- He's been out of action for 16 months with a serious knee injury.

- They were trapped after the lifts went out of action.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

9. action
If someone wants to have a piece of the action or a slice of the action , they want to take part in an exciting activity or situation, usually in order to make money or become more important.

- Holiday spots have seen a dramatic revival and tourist chiefs are competing for a slice of the action.

PHR

10. action
If you put an idea or policy into action , you begin to use it or cause it to operate.

- They have excelled in learning the lessons of business management theory, and putting them into action.

PHR: V inflects

action

noun

1.

deed

accomplishment

achievement

act

exploit

feat

performance

2.

lawsuit

case

litigation

proceeding

prosecution

suit

3.

energy

activity

force

liveliness

spirit

vigour

vim

vitality

4.

movement

activity

functioning

motion

operation

process

working

5.

battle

clash

combat

conflict

contest

encounter

engagement

fight

skirmish

sortie

actionable

[D.J.:ˈækʃənəb(ə)l]

[K.K.:ˈækʃənəbəl]

adj.

可控告的

actionable

actionable
If something that you do or say to someone is actionable , it gives them a valid reason for bringing a legal case against you.
ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

action replay

action replay action replays
An action replay is a repeated showing, usually in slow motion, of an event that has just been on television. (BRIT; in AM use instant replay )
N-COUNT

activate

[D.J.:ˈæktiveit]

[K.K.:ˈæktəˌvet]

vt.

使活动, 起动, 触发

activated

[D.J.:ˈæktiveitid]

[K.K.:ˈæktəˌvetɪd]

adj.

有活性的

activating

adj.

活动的，活性的

activation

[ˌæktiˈveiʃən]

n.

活化,激活,[化]活化作用

activate *

1. activate activates activating activated
If a device or process is activated , something causes it to start working.

- Video cameras with night vision can be activated by movement.

- She has written two books on her voice-activated computer.

VB: usu passive

2. activation

- A computer controls the activation of an air bag.

N-UNCOUNT

activate

verb

start

arouse

energize

galvanize

initiate

mobilize

move

rouse

set in motion

stir

active

[D.J.:ˈæktiv]

[K.K.:ˈæktɪv]

adj.

活泼的, 活跃的; 积极的

起作用的

主动的

actively

[D.J.:ˈæktɪvlɪ]

adv.

活跃地；积极地

active ****

1. active
Someone who is active moves around a lot or does a lot of things.

- Having an active youngster about the house can be quite wearing.

- ...a long and active life.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ sedentary

2. active
If you have an active mind or imagination, you are always thinking of new things.

- ...the tragedy of an active mind trapped by failing physical health.

ADJ-GRADED
= lively

3. active
If someone is active in an organization, cause, or campaign, they do things for it rather than just giving it their support.

- We should play an active role in politics, both at national and local level.

- I am an active member of the Conservative Party.

- He is active on Tyler's behalf.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ prep
≠ passive

4. actively

- They actively campaigned for the vote.

ADV

5. active
Active is used to emphasize that someone is taking action in order to achieve something, rather than just hoping for it or achieving it in an indirect way.

- ...if companies do not take active steps to increase exports.

- ...active discouragement from teachers.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= positive

6. actively

- They have never been actively encouraged to take such risks.

- ...the White House says the president is not actively considering such a move.

ADV: usu ADV with v

7. active
If you say that a person or animal is active in a particular place or at a particular time, you mean that they are performing their usual activities or performing a particular activity.

- Guerrilla groups are active in the province.

- ...animals which are active at night.

- ...men who are sexually active.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ prep

8. active
An active volcano has erupted recently or is expected to erupt quite soon.

- ...molten lava from an active volcano.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ extinct

9. active
An active substance has a chemical or biological effect on things.

- The active ingredient in some of the mouthwashes was simply detergent.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

10. active
In grammar, the active or the active voice means the forms of a verb which are used when the subject refers to a person or thing that does something. For example, in `I saw her yesterday', the verb is in the active. Compare passive .
N-SING: the N

active

adjective

1.

busy

bustling

hard-working

involved

occupied

on the go informal

on the move

strenuous

2.

energetic

alert

animated

industrious

lively

quick

sprightly

spry

vigorous

3.

in operation

acting

at work

effectual

in action

in force

operative

working

active duty

active duty
Active duty means the same as active service . (mainly AM)
N-UNCOUNT: oft on N

active service

active service
Someone who is on active service is taking part in a war as a member of the armed forces. (mainly BRIT)

- In April 1944 he was killed on active service.

- The colonel saw active service in Borneo and was awarded the General Service Medal.

N-UNCOUNT: oft on N

activism

[D.J.:ˈæktivizəm]

[K.K.:ˈæktəˌvɪzəm]

n.

行动(第一)主义,激进主义;触动论

activism *

activism
Activism is the process of campaigning in public or working for an organization in order to bring about political or social change.

- He believed in political activism to achieve justice.

N-UNCOUNT

activist

[D.J.:ˈæktivist]

[K.K.:ˈæktəvɪst]

n.

(政治活动的)积极分子, 活动家

activist ***

activist activists
An activist is a person who works to bring about political or social changes by campaigning in public or working for an organization.

- The police say they suspect the attack was carried out by animal rights activists.

N-COUNT
= agitator

activist

noun

militant

organizer

partisan

activity

[D.J.:ækˈtiviti]

[K.K.:ækˈtɪvɪti]

n.

活动性, 活力

activity ****

1. activity
Activity is a situation in which a lot of things are happening or being done.

- We will see an extraordinary level of activity in the market for UK government bonds.

- ...the electrical activity of the brain.

N-UNCOUNT

2. activity activities
An activity is something that you spend time doing.

- For lovers of the great outdoors, activities range from canoeing to bird watching.

N-COUNT

3. activity activities
The activities of a group are the things that they do in order to achieve their aims.

- ...a jail term for terrorist activities...

- On April 29, the activities of the company were suspended on the orders of the Bank of England.

N-PLURAL: with supp
= actions

activity

noun

1.

action

animation

bustle

exercise

exertion

hustle

labour

motion

movement

2.

pursuit

hobby

interest

pastime

project

scheme

act of God

act of God acts of God
An act of God is an event that is beyond human control, especially one in which something is damaged or someone is hurt.

- The President described the disaster as an act of God.

N-COUNT

actor

[D.J.:ˈæktə]

[K.K.:ˈæktɚ]

n.

演员(尤指男演员)

actor ***

actor actors
An actor is someone whose job is acting in plays or films. `Actor' in the singular usually refers to a man, but some women who act prefer to be called `actors' rather than `actresses'.

- His father was an actor in the Cantonese Opera Company.

- You have to be a very good actor to play that part.

N-COUNT

actor

noun

performer

actress

luvvie informal

player

Thespian

actress

[D.J.:ˈæktris]

[K.K.:ˈæktrɪs]

n.

女演员

actress ***

actress actresses
An actress is a woman whose job is acting in plays or films.

- She's not only a very great dramatic actress but she's also very funny.

N-COUNT

actress

noun

performer

actor

leading lady

player

starlet

Thespian

actual

[D.J.:ˈæktʃuəl]

[K.K.:ˈæktʃuəl]

adj.

实在的, 实际的, 事实上的

actual ***

1. actual
You use actual to emphasize that you are referring to something real or genuine.

- The segments are filmed using either local actors or the actual people involved.

- Officials admit the actual number of AIDS victims is much higher than statistics reflect.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= real genuine

2. actual
You use actual to contrast the important aspect of something with a less important aspect.

- She had compiled pages of notes, but she had not yet gotten down to doing the actual writing.

- The exercises in this chapter can guide you, but it will be up to you to do the actual work.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
in actual fact : see fact .

actual

adjective

definite

concrete

factual

physical

positive

real

substantial

tangible

actual bodily harm

actual bodily harm
Actual bodily harm is a criminal offence in which someone gives another person a minor injury.
N-UNCOUNT

actuality

[D.J.:ˌæktʃu:ˈælɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌæktʃuˈælɪti]

n.

(常用复数)现状； 实际情况

现实性;现实存在;

纪录片；新闻片；录音报道，实况转播

actuality *

1. actuality
You can use in actuality to emphasize that what you are saying is true, when it contradicts or contrasts with what you have previously said.

- It would have been a monumental feat of self-control for him to change the habits of a lifetime. In actuality, he seems to have made very little effort to do so.

- The woman he had seen performing on stage was in actuality quite older than she had seemed.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis
= in reality actually

2. actuality
Actuality is the state of really existing rather than being imagined.

- It exists in dreams rather than actuality.

N-UNCOUNT
= reality

3. actuality actualities
An actuality is a fact or condition that really exists. (FORMAL)

- To stop the fighting there requires the threat and probably the actuality of military force.

- While economists are free to theorise, company chairmen are concerned with actualities.

N-COUNT

actually

[D.J.:ˈæktʃu:əli:]

[K.K.:ˈæktʃuəli]

adv.

实际上；实在地；确实

竟然，居然

目前，如今，眼下

actually *****

1. actually
You use actually to indicate that a situation exists or happened, or to emphasize that it is true.

- One afternoon, I grew bored and actually fell asleep for a few minutes.

- Interest is only payable on the amount actually borrowed.

ADV: ADV before v, ADV group emphasis

2. actually
You use actually when you are correcting or contradicting someone.

- No, I'm not a student. I'm a doctor, actually.

- `So it's not a family show then?' --- `Well, actually, I think that's exactly what it is.'

ADV: ADV with cl emphasis

3. actually
You can use actually when you are politely expressing an opinion that other people might not have expected from you.

- `Do you think it's a good idea to socialize with one's patients?' --- `Actually, I do, I think it's a great idea.'.

- I would be surprised, actually, if he left Birmingham.

ADV: ADV with cl politeness

4. actually
You use actually to introduce a new topic into a conversation.

- Well actually, John, I rang you for some advice.

- Actually, let's just read this little bit where you've made them bump into each other.

ADV: ADV with cl

actually

adverb

really

as a matter of fact

indeed

in fact

in point of fact

in reality

in truth

literally

truly

actuarial

[ˌæktjuˈɛəriəl]

adj.

保险精算师的,保险精算的

actuarial

actuarial
Actuarial means relating to the work of an actuary.

- The company's actuarial report must be made available on demand.

ADJ: ADJ n

actuary

[D.J.:ˈæktjuəri]

[K.K.:ˈæktʃuˌɛri]

n.

保险精算师,保险(业务)计算员

actuary

actuary actuaries
An actuary is a person who is employed by insurance companies to calculate how much they should charge their clients for insurance.
N-COUNT

actuate

[D.J.:ˈæktʃu:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈæktʃuˌet]

vt.

使动作,开动,促使

(通常用于被动语态)驱使，激励

actuation

n.

actuation

n.

刺激,冲动

actuate

actuate actuates actuating actuated
If a person is actuated by an emotion, that emotion makes them act in a certain way. If something actuates a device, the device starts working.

- They were actuated by desire.

- As the aircraft became airborne, the engines overheated, actuating the fire extinguishers.

VB
= activate

acuity

[D.J.:əˈkjuiti]

[K.K.:əˈkjuɪti]

n.

尖锐,(疾病的)剧烈,(视力、才智等的)敏锐

acuity

acuity
Acuity is sharpness of vision or hearing, or quickness of thought. (FORMAL)

- Caffeine gives a boost of energy and temporarily sharpens mental acuity.

N-UNCOUNT

acumen

[D.J.:əˈkju:mən, ˈækjə-]

[K.K.:əˈkjumən, ˈækjə-]

n.

敏锐, 聪明

<植>渐尖头

<动>短刺

acumen

acumen
Acumen is the ability to make good judgements and quick decisions.

- His sharp business acumen meant he quickly rose to the top.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

acumen

noun

judgment

astuteness

cleverness

ingenuity

insight

intelligence

perspicacity

shrewdness

acupressure

[D.J.:ˈækjuˌpreʃə]

[K.K.:ˈakjəˌprɛʃɚ]

n.

针压(止血)法

acupressure

acupressure
Acupressure is the treatment of pain by a type of massage in which pressure is put on certain areas of a person's body.

- Acupressure is used to release tension spots in the shoulders and neck.

N-UNCOUNT

acupuncture

[D.J.:ˈækjʊˌpʌŋktʃə]

[K.K.:ˈækjʊˌpʌŋktʃɚ]

n.

针灸(疗法)

vt.

用针灸术治疗，用针刺法麻醉，对…施行针灸治疗

acupunctural

adj.

针灸(疗法)的

acupuncturist

n.

针灸师

acupuncturist

[ˌækjuˈpʌŋktʃərist]

n.

针灸医生

acupuncture *

acupuncture
Acupuncture is the treatment of a person's illness or pain by sticking small needles into their body at certain places.

- All of those who received the true acupuncture experienced pain relief.

N-UNCOUNT

acupuncturist

acupuncturist acupuncturists
An acupuncturist is a person who performs acupuncture.
N-COUNT

acute

[D.J.:əˈkju:t]

[K.K.:əˈkjut]

adj.

极大的, 严重的

敏锐的, 深刻的, 剧烈的

急性的

acuteness

[əˈkju:tnis]

n.

敏锐,剧烈

acute **

1. acute
You can use acute to indicate that an undesirable situation or feeling is very severe or intense.

- The war has aggravated an acute economic crisis.

- The report has caused acute embarrassment to the government.

- The labour shortage is becoming acute.

ADJ-GRADED
= severe

2. acute
An acute illness is one that becomes severe very quickly but does not last very long. Compare chronic . (MEDICAL)

- ...a patient with acute rheumatoid arthritis.

- ...an acute case of dysentery.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. acute
If a person's or animal's sight, hearing, or sense of smell is acute , it is sensitive and powerful.

- I like how in the dark my sense of smell and hearing become so acute.

ADJ-GRADED
= keen

4. acute
If you say that someone is acute or has an acute mind, you mean that they are quick to notice things and are able to understand them clearly.

- Into her nineties, her thinking remained acute and her character forceful.

- His relaxed exterior hides an extremely acute mind.

ADJ-GRADED
= keen perceptive

5. acuteness

- Everything he writes demonstrates the acuteness of his intelligence.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

6. acute
An acute angle is less than 90°. Compare obtuse angle.
ADJ-GRADED

7. acute
An acute accent is a symbol that is placed over vowels in some languages in order to indicate how that vowel is pronounced or over one letter in a word to indicate where it is stressed. You refer to a letter with this accent as, for example, e acute . For example, there is an acute accent over the letter `e' in the French word `caf´e'.
ADJ: ADJ n, n ADJ

acute

adjective

1.

serious

critical

crucial

dangerous

grave

important

severe

urgent

2.

sharp

excruciating

fierce

intense

piercing

powerful

severe

shooting

violent

3.

perceptive

astute

clever

insightful

keen

observant

sensitive

sharp

smart

acuteness

noun

1.

seriousness

gravity

importance

severity

urgency

2.

perceptiveness

astuteness

cleverness

discrimination

insight

perspicacity

sharpness

acutely

[D.J.:əˈkju:tlɪ]

adv.

深深感觉到；强烈意识到

极其；强烈地

acutely *

1. acutely
If you feel or notice something acutely , you feel or notice it very strongly.

- He was acutely aware of the odour of cooking oil.

- Those tensions have been felt most acutely by women.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v
= keenly

2. acutely
If a feeling or quality is acutely unpleasant, it is extremely unpleasant.

- It was an acutely uncomfortable journey back to London.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v
= intensely

ad

[D.J.:æd]

[K.K.:æd]

n.

广告

(adaptor) 改编者

(addenda) 补遗；附录

(addressed) 寄给，致，向…发表讲话，向…提出

(administration) 管理，行政，局，政府

(administrator) 管理人员，行政长官

(advance) 预付，预缴，预付款，垫款

(adverb) <语>副词

(advise) 通知，劝告，建议

(aerodrome) 机场

(after date) <商>出票日后

(avoirdupois) <英>常衡(制)(一磅等于16英两)

(addendum) 附录，补遗，附件

(advice) 消息，通知

ad infinitum

无休止地； 反复地

ad nauseam

(因重复而)令人厌烦地

ad.

abbr.

副词

ad.

abbr.

副词

ad ***

ad ads
An ad is an advertisement. (INFORMAL)

- She replied to a lonely hearts ad she spotted in the New York Times.

N-COUNT

AD

abbr.

(anno omini)<拉>公元，耶稣纪元

( adenoidal degeneration <医>增殖腺退变

(after date) <商>出票日后

(air-dried) 风干(木材)

(application data) 应用数据

(application to delivery for export) 出口交货申请

(assembly district) (美国某些州的)选区

(autograph document) 亲笔签名的文件

(automatic depositor) 自动现金存入机

(average deviation) 平均偏差

AD *

AD
You use AD in dates to indicate the number of years or centuries that have passed since the year in which Jesus Christ is believed to have been born.

- The cathedral was destroyed by the Great Fire of 1136 AD.

- The original castle was probably built about AD 860.

- The Roman Empire was divided in the fourth century AD.

adage

[D.J.:ˈædɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈædɪdʒ]

n.

谚语,格言

adagial

adj.

adage

adage adages
An adage is something which people often say and which expresses a general truth about some aspect of life. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- The old adage, `Every baby brings its own love' usually turns out to be true.

N-COUNT
= maxim saying

adagio

[D.J.:əˈdɑ:dʒəʊ, -dʒi:ˌəʊ, -ʒəʊ, -ʒi:əʊ]

[K.K.:əˈdɑdʒo, -dʒiˌo, -ʒo, -ʒio]

adv.&adj.

<音>缓慢的(地)

n.

<音>柔板，慢板

<音>柔板乐章，慢板乐章

<芭蕾>(男女二人或三人舞时女角保持高难度平衡的)缓慢动作

adagio

1. adagio
Adagio written above a piece of music means that it should be played slowly.
ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

2. adagio adagios
An adagio is a piece of music that is played slowly.

- ...Samuel Barber's Adagio For Strings.

- ...the Adagio movement of his Sixth Symphony.

N-COUNT: usu sing

adamant

[D.J.:ˈædəmənt, -ˌmænt]

[K.K.:ˈædəmənt, -ˌmænt]

adj.

坚硬无比的；牢不可破的

坚定不移的, 坚强不屈的

n.

坚硬的物质，坚硬的东西

<地质>硬石

<诗>牢不可破，坚如磐石

adamently

adv.

adamantly

[D.J.:ˈædəməntli:, -ˌmænt-]

[K.K.:ˈædəməntli, -ˌmænt-]

adv.

坚决地，坚定不移地, 坚强不屈地

adamant *

1. adamant
If someone is adamant about something, they are determined not to change their mind about it.

- The prime minister is adamant that he will not resign.

- Sue was adamant about that job in Australia.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ that, ADJ about n/-ing

2. adamantly

- She was adamantly opposed to her husband travelling to Brussels.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

adamant

adjective

determined

firm

fixed

obdurate

resolute

stubborn

unbending

uncompromising

Adam's apple

Adam's apple Adam's apples
Your Adam's apple is the lump that sticks out of the front of your neck below your throat.
N-COUNT

adapt

[D.J.:əˈdæpt]

[K.K.:əˈdæpt]

vt. & vi.

(使)适应, (使)适合

vt.

改编, 改写

adapted

adj.

适合的

adapting

[əˈdæptiŋ]

n.

配合

adapt **

1. adapt adapts adapting adapted
If you adapt to a new situation or adapt yourself to it, you change your ideas or behaviour in order to deal with it successfully.

- The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change.

- They have been tightening their belts for months, adapting themselves to a war economy.

VB
= adjust

2. adapt adapts adapting adapted
If you adapt something, you change it to make it suitable for a new purpose or situation.

- Shelves were built to adapt the library for use as an office.

VB
= modify

3. adapt adapts adapting adapted
If you adapt a book or play, you change it so that it can be made into a film or a television programme.

- The scriptwriter helped him to adapt his novel for the screen.

- The film has been adapted from a play of the same title.

VB

adapted

adapted
If something is adapted to a particular situation or purpose, it is especially suitable for it.

- The camel's feet, well adapted for dry sand, are useless on mud.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to/for n
= suited

adapt

verb

adjust

acclimatize

accommodate

alter

change

conform

convert

modify

remodel

tailor

adaptability

[ədæptəˈbiliti]

n.

适应性

adaptable

[D.J.:əˈdæptəbəl]

[K.K.:əˈdæptəbəl]

adj.

可适应的,有适应能力的

适合的，适宜的

可改编的

adaptability

n.

adaptableness

n.

adaptable *

1. adaptable
If you describe a person or animal as adaptable , you mean that they are able to change their ideas or behaviour in order to deal with new situations.

- By making the workforce more adaptable and skilled, he hopes to attract foreign investment.

- They are adaptable foragers that learn to survive on a wide range of food sources.

ADJ-GRADED
= flexible ≠ unadaptable

2. adaptability

- The adaptability of wool is one of its great attractions.

N-UNCOUNT
= flexibility

adaptability

noun

flexibility

changeability

resilience

versatility

adaptable

adjective

flexible

adjustable

changeable

compliant

easy-going

plastic

pliant

resilient

versatile

adaptation

[D.J.:ˌædæpˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌædæpˈteʃən]

n.

适应,适合

改编，改写

改编本，改写本

adaptational

adj.

adaptationally

adv.

adaptation *

1. adaptation adaptations
An adaptation of a book or play is a film or a television programme that is based on it.

- Branagh won two awards for his screen adaptation of Shakespeare's Henry the Fifth.

N-COUNT

2. adaptation
Adaptation is the act of changing something or changing your behaviour to make it suitable for a new purpose or situation.

- Most living creatures are capable of adaptation when compelled to do so.

N-UNCOUNT

adaptation

noun

1.

acclimatization

familiarization

naturalization

2.

conversion

adjustment

alteration

change

modification

transformation

variation

version

adaption

[D.J.:əˈdæpʃən]

[K.K.:əˈdæpʃən]

n.

适应,改编

adaption

adaption adaptions
Adaption means the same as adaptation .
N-VAR

adaptive

[D.J.:əˈdæptiv]

[K.K.:əˈdæptɪv]

adj.

适应的

adaptive

adaptive
Adaptive means having the ability or tendency to adapt to different situations. (FORMAL)

- Societies need to develop highly adaptive behavioural rules for survival.

ADJ-GRADED

adaptor

[D.J.:əˈdæptə]

[K.K.:əˈdæptɚ]

n.

〈美〉编剧者,改编者

adaptor

1. adaptor adaptors
An adaptor is a special device for connecting electrical equipment to a power supply, or for connecting different pieces of electrical or electronic equipment together.
N-COUNT also adapter .

2. adaptor adaptors
The adaptor of a book or play is the person who rewrites it for a film or a television programme.
N-COUNT also adapter .

add

[D.J.:æd]

[K.K.:æd]

vt. & vi.

加, 加入; 增加, 添加

vt.

还说, 接着说

added

[ˈædid]

adj.

更多的,附加的,额外的

adding

[ˈædiŋ]

n.

加,增加

add *****

1. add adds adding added
If you add one thing to another, you put it in or on the other thing, to increase, complete, or improve it.

- Add the grated cheese to the sauce.

- Since 1908, chlorine has been added to drinking water.

- He wants to add a huge sports complex to Binfield Manor.

VB

2. add adds adding added
If you add numbers or amounts together, you calculate their total.

- Banks add all the interest and other charges together.

- Two and three added together are five.

VB
≠ subtract

3. add up adds up; adding up; added up
Add up means the same as add .

- More than a quarter of seven year-olds cannot add up properly.

- We just added all the numbers up and divided one by the other.

- He said the numbers simply did not add up.

PHR-V-ERG

4. add adds adding added
If one thing adds to another, it makes the other thing greater in degree or amount.

- Overnight bed-rest in a clinic adds substantially to the cost of cosmetic surgery.

- Smiles, nods, and cheerful faces added to the general gaiety.

VB

5. add adds adding added
To add a particular quality to something means to cause it to have that quality.

- The generous amount of garlic adds flavour.

- A delicious blend of cider and delicate fruit juices adds a little sparkle to any occasion.

VB

6. add adds adding added
If you add something when you are speaking, you say something more.

- `You can tell that he is extremely embarrassed,' Mr Brigden added.

- The Italian central bank added that the aim was to provide stability.

- Hunt added his congratulations, saying `Nigel has made a cracking job of it'.

VB

7. add
You use added to this or added to that to introduce a fact that supports or widens what you are saying.

- More than 750 commercial airliners were involved in fatal accidents last year. Added to that were the 1,550 smaller aircraft.

PHR: V inflects
add insult to injury : see insult .

add up *****

1. add up adds up; adding up; added up
If facts or events do not add up , they make you confused about a situation because they do not seem to be consistent. If something that someone has said or done adds up , it is reasonable and sensible.

- Police said they arrested Olivia because her statements did not add up.

- Well, I could be wrong, but it all seems to add up.

PHR-V: usu with neg

2. add up adds up; adding up; added up
If small amounts of something add up , they gradually increase.

- Even small savings, 5 pence here or 10 pence there, can add up.

- It's the little minor problems that add up.

PHR-V

add up to *****

add up adds up; adding up; added up
If amounts add up to a particular total, they result in that total when they are put together.

- For a hit show, profits can add up to millions of dollars.

PHR-V
= amount to

added *

added
You use added to say that something has more of a particular thing or quality.

- For added protection choose moisturising lipsticks with a sun screen.

ADJ: ADJ n
= extra

add

verb

1.

count up

add up

compute

reckon

total

tot up

2.

include

adjoin

affix

append

attach

augment

supplement

add up

verb

count up

add

compute

count

reckon

total

tot up

add in *****

add in adds in; adding in; added in
If you add in something, you include it as a part of something else.

- Once the vegetables start to cook add in a couple of tablespoons of water.

PHR-V

add on *****

1. add on adds on; adding on; added on
If one thing is added on to another, it is attached to the other thing, or is made a part of it.

- Holidaymakers can also add on a week in Majorca before or after the cruise.

- To the rear is a large dining room -- added on early this century.

PHR-V: usu passive

2. add on adds on; adding on; added on
If you add on an extra amount or item to a list or total, you include it.

- Many loan application forms automatically add on insurance.

PHR-V

ADD

abbr.

Accessibility and Dissemination of Data 数据的可存取性与提供

ADD

abbr.

Accessibility and Dissemination of Data 数据的可存取性与提供

ADD

ADD is an abbreviation for attention deficit disorder .

added value

added value
In marketing, added value is something which makes a product more appealing to customers.
N-UNCOUNT

addenda

[əˈdendə]

n.

附录,附加物

addendum

[D.J.:əˈdendəm]

[K.K.:əˈdɛndəm]

n.

附加物

补遗,补编；附录

<机>(齿轮的)齿顶(高)

addendum

addendum addenda
An addendum is an additional section at the end of a book or document.
N-COUNT
= appendix

addendum

noun

addition

appendage

appendix

attachment

extension

extra

postscript

supplement

adder

[D.J.:ˈædə]

[K.K.:ˈædɚ]

n.

加法器,(欧洲产)蝰蛇(小毒蛇),(北美产无毒的)猪鼻蛇

adder

adder adders
In Europe and Asia, an adder is a small poisonous snake that has a black pattern on its back. In North America, a number of different poisonous and non-poisonous snakes are called adders .
N-COUNT
= viper

addict

[D.J.:ˈædikt]

[K.K.:əˈdɪkt]

n.

有…瘾的人

入迷的人

addict **

1. addict addicts
An addict is someone who takes harmful drugs and cannot stop taking them.

- He's only 24 years old and a drug addict.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

2. addict addicts
If you say that someone is an addict , you mean that they like a particular activity very much and spend as much time doing it as they can.

- She is a TV addict and watches as much as she can.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

addict

noun

1.

junkie informal

fiend informal

freak informal

2.

fan

adherent

buff informal

devotee

enthusiast

follower

nut slang

addicted

[əˈdiktid]

adj.

上瘾的

addicted *

1. addicted
Someone who is addicted to a harmful drug cannot stop taking it.

- Many of the women are addicted to heroin and cocaine.

- After about three months, I was no longer addicted to nicotine.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to n
= hooked on

2. addicted
If you say that someone is addicted to something, you mean that they like it very much and want to spend as much time doing it as possible.

- I went through about four years of being addicted to video games.

- She had become addicted to golf.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to n

addicted

adjective

hooked slang

absorbed

accustomed

dedicated

dependent

devoted

habituated

addiction

[D.J.:əˈdɪkʃən]

[K.K.:əˈdɪkʃən]

n.

瘾，吸毒成瘾

沉溺;癖好

addiction **

1. addiction addictions
Addiction is the condition of taking harmful drugs and being unable to stop taking them.

- She helped him fight his drug addiction.

- ...long-term addiction to nicotine.

N-VAR: oft n N, N to n

2. addiction addictions
An addiction to something is a very strong desire or need for it.

- He needed money to feed his addiction to gambling.

- I discovered an addiction to housework which I had never felt before.

N-VAR: oft N to n

addiction

noun

dependence

craving

enslavement

habit

obsession

addictive

[D.J.:əˈdɪktɪv]

[K.K.:əˈdɪktɪv]

adj.

使成瘾的, 上瘾的

(使人)入迷的，醉心的

addictiveness

n.

addictive *

1. addictive
If a drug is addictive , people who take it cannot stop taking it.

- Cigarettes are highly addictive.

- Crack is the most addictive drug on the market.

ADJ-GRADED

2. addictive
Something that is addictive is so enjoyable that it makes you want to do it or have it a lot.

- Video movie-making can quickly become addictive.

ADJ-GRADED

3. addictive
If someone has an addictive personality, they easily become addicted to something.

- I have an eating disorder and an addictive personality.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

addition

[D.J.:əˈdiʃən]

[K.K.:əˈdɪʃən]

n.

加; 加法

增加的人或事物

addition ****

1. addition
You use in addition when you want to mention another item connected with the subject you are discussing.

- The Met Office Web site provides regional reports, a shipping forecast and gale warnings. In addition, visitors can download satellite images of the UK.

- There's a postage and packing fee in addition to the repair charge.

PHR: PHR with cl, oft PHR to n

2. addition additions
An addition to something is a thing which is added to it.

- This is a fine book; a worthy addition to the Cambridge Encyclopedia series.

- This plywood addition helps to strengthen the structure.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N to n

3. addition
The addition of something is the fact that it is added to something else.

- It was completely refurbished in 1987, with the addition of a picnic site.

N-UNCOUNT: the N of n
≠ removal

4. addition
Addition is the process of calculating the total of two or more numbers.

- ...simple addition and subtraction problems using whole numbers.

N-UNCOUNT

addition

noun

1.

inclusion

adding

amplification

attachment

augmentation

enlargement

extension

increasing

2.

extra

addendum

additive

appendage

appendix

extension

gain

increase

increment

supplement

3.

counting up

adding up

computation

totalling

totting up

in addition (to)

4.

as well (as)

additionally

also

besides

into the bargain

moreover

over and above

to boot

too

additional

[əˈdiʃənl]

adj.

增加的, 额外的, 另外的

additional ***

additional
Additional things are extra things apart from the ones already present.

- The US is sending additional troops to the region.

- The insurer will also have to pay the additional costs of the trial.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= supplementary

additional

adjective

extra

added

fresh

further

new

other

spare

supplementary

additionally

adv.

加之,又

additionally *

1. additionally
You use additionally to introduce something extra such as an extra fact or reason. (FORMAL)

- All teachers are qualified to teach their native language. Additionally, we select our teachers for their engaging personalities.

- The maintenance programme will additionally seek to keep the sites free of graffiti.

ADV: ADV with cl
= further

2. additionally
Additionally is used to say that something happens to a greater extent than before.

- The birds are additionally protected in the reserves at Birsay.

- He will sign a personal guarantee to additionally secure the loan.

ADV: ADV with v

additive

[D.J.:ˈæditiv]

[K.K.:ˈædɪtɪv]

n.

添加剂

additive *

additive additives
An additive is a substance which is added in small amounts to foods or other things in order to improve them or to make them last longer.

- Strict safety tests are carried out on food additives.

- ...additive-free baby foods.

N-COUNT

addle

[D.J.:ˈædl]

[K.K.:ˈædl..]

vt.

使糊涂,使混乱

使腐臭，使变质

vi.

(蛋等)腐臭，变质

变糊涂，混淆

adj.

(头脑)糊涂的，愚蠢的

腐臭的，变质的

addled

[D.J.:ˈædld]

adj.

(头脑)糊涂的，愚蠢的

(指蛋类)变坏

addle

addle addles addling addled
If something addles someone's mind or brain, they become confused and unable to think properly.

- I suppose the shock had addled his poor old brain.

VB
= befuddle

addled

addled
If you describe someone as addled , you mean that they are confused or unable to think properly.

- She wore a sweet and slightly addled expression.

- You're talking like an addled romantic.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= befuddled

add-on

[D.J.:ˈædˌɔn, -ˌɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈædˌɑn, -ˌɔn]

Ⅰn.

①附加物；附加项目；附加的金额(或数量)②(起增加功用的)附加装置

Ⅱadj.

①附加的；能被加上去的②加得上的

add-ons

附件,附加,附加软件

add-on

add-on add-ons
An add-on is an extra piece of equipment that can be added to a larger one which you already own in order to improve its performance or its usefulness; used especially to refer to computer equipment.

- In most electronics shops, active speakers are sold as add-ons for personal stereos.

- Nintendo hopes to price the add-on modem at less than $200.

N-COUNT: oft N n

address

[D.J.:əˈdres]

[K.K.:əˈdrɛs]

n.

演说, 演讲

住址, 地址

vt.

向…讲话, 向…发表演说; 写信给…

称呼

在(信封或包裹等)上写上收信人的姓名、地址

addressing

[əˈdresiŋ]

n.

寻址,选择,选址

address ****

1. address addresses
Your address is the number of the house, flat, or apartment and the name of the street and the town where you live or work.

- The address is 2025 M Street, Northwest, Washington, DC, 20036.

- We require details of your name and address.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

2. address addresses addressing addressed
If a letter, envelope, or parcel is addressed to you, your name and address have been written on it.

- Applications should be addressed to: The business affairs editor.

VB: usu passive

3. address addresses addressing addressed
If you address a group of people, you give a speech to them.

- He is due to address a conference on human rights next week.

VB

4. address addresses
Also a noun.

- He had scheduled an address to the American people for the evening of May 27.

N-COUNT

5. address addresses addressing addressed
If you address someone or address a remark to them, you say something to them. (FORMAL)

- The two foreign ministers did not address each other directly when they last met.

- He addressed his remarks to Eleanor, ignoring Maria.

VB

6. address addresses addressing addressed
If you address someone by a name or a title such as `sir', you call them that name or title when you talk or write to them.

- I heard him address her as darling.

- The Duchess should be addressed as Your Grace.

VB

7. address addresses addressing addressed
If you address a problem or task or if you address yourself to it, you try to understand it or deal with it.

- Mr King sought to address those fears when he spoke at the meeting.

- Throughout the book we have addressed ourselves to the problem of ethics.

VB
≠ ignore

address

noun

1.

location

abode

dwelling

home

house

residence

situation

whereabouts

2.

speech

discourse

dissertation

lecture

oration

sermon

talk

verb

3.

speak to

approach

greet

hail

talk to

address (oneself) to

4.

concentrate on

apply (oneself) to

attend to

devote (oneself) to

engage in

focus on

take care of

address book

address book address books
An address book is a book in which you write people's names and addresses.
N-COUNT

addressee

[D.J.:ˌædreˈsi:]

[K.K.:ˌædrɛˈsi, əˌdrɛsˈi]

n.

受信人,收件人

addressee

addressee addressees
The addressee of a letter or parcel is the person or company that it is addressed to. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

adduce

[D.J.:əˈdu:s, əˈdju:s]

[K.K.:əˈdus, əˈdjus]

vt.

引证, 举出(例证、理由等)

adducible

adj.

adducible

[əˈdju:səbl]

adj.

可以引证的,可以举出例证(或理由,证据)的

adduce

adduce adduces adducing adduced
If you adduce something such as a fact or reason, you mention it in order to support an argument. (FORMAL)

- The evidence she adduces to back up her arguments is usually authoritative.

VB
= cite

adenoids

[ˈædinɔidz]

n.

腺状肿大,扁桃腺肥大

adenoids

adenoids
Adenoids are soft lumps of flesh at the back and top of a person's throat that sometimes become swollen and have to be removed.
N-PLURAL

adept

[D.J.:əˈdept]

[K.K.:əˈdɛpt]

adj.

精于…的, 擅长于…的

巧妙的

n.

专家，能手

adeptly

adv.

adeptness

n.

adeptness

n.

熟练,老练

adept *

1. adept
Someone who is adept at something can do it skilfully.

- He's usually very adept at keeping his private life out of the media.

- He is an adept guitar player.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ at -ing/n

2. adept adepts
An adept is someone who is adept at something.

- Kitzi was an adept at getting people to talk confidentially to him.

N-COUNT

3. adeptly

- Mrs Marcos' lawyer adeptly exploited the prosecution's weakness.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

adept

adjective

1.

skilful

able

accomplished

adroit

expert

practised

proficient

skilled

versed

noun

2.

expert

dab hand Brit. informal

genius

hotshot informal

master

adequacy

[D.J.:ˈædɪkwəsɪ ]

n.

足够，充分，充足

胜任

适当，恰当

adequacy

adequacy
Adequacy is the quality of being good enough or great enough in amount to be acceptable.

- I am very critical of the adequacy of Britain's race laws.

- Several studies point to a real cause for concern over the adequacy of the diet eaten by British children.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n
≠ inadequacy

adequacy

noun

sufficiency

capability

competence

fairness

suitability

tolerability

adequate

[D.J.:ˈædikwit]

[K.K.:ˈædɪkwɪt]

adj.

充分的, 足够的

适当的, 胜任的

adequately

[D.J.:ˈædɪkwətlɪ]

adv.

足够地

adequate ***

1. adequate
If something is adequate , there is enough of it or it is good enough to be used or accepted.

- One in four people worldwide are without adequate homes.

- She is prepared to offer me an amount adequate to purchase another house.

- The western diet should be perfectly adequate for most people.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf, ADJ for n
= suitable ≠ inadequate

2. adequately

- Many students are not adequately prepared for higher education.

- I speak the language adequately.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

adequate

adjective

enough

competent

fair

satisfactory

sufficient

tolerable

up to scratch informal

adhere

[D.J.:ədˈhiə]

[K.K.:ædˈhɪr]

vi.

黏附, 附着

坚持, 支持

adhere *

1. adhere adheres adhering adhered
If you adhere to a rule or agreement, you act in the way that it says you should.

- All members of the association adhere to a strict code of practice.

- She adhered to the strict Islamic dress code.

VB
= keep

2. adhere adheres adhering adhered
If you adhere to an opinion or belief, you support or hold it.

- He urged them to adhere to the values of Islam which defend the dignity of man.

VB

3. adhere adheres adhering adhered
If something adheres to something else, it sticks firmly to it.

- Small particles adhere to the seed.

- This sticky compound adheres well on this surface.

VB

adhere

verb

stick

attach

cleave

cling

fasten

fix

glue

hold fast

paste

adherence

[D.J.:ædˈhɪərəns, -ˈher-]

[K.K.:ædˈhɪrəns, -ˈhɛr-]

n.

遵守;遵循；坚持

(对人、事业等的)忠诚

粘附

adherence *

adherence
Adherence is the fact of adhering to a particular rule, agreement, or belief.

- ...strict adherence to the constitution and respect for our laws.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N to n

adherent

[D.J.:ædˈhɪərənt, -ˈher-]

[K.K.:ædˈhɪrənt, -ˈhɛr-]

n.

支持者, 拥护者

adj.

粘着的，粘附的，附着的

(由于协议、合约等而)发生关系的

<植>贴生的，生在一起的

<语>修饰语的

adherently

adv.

adherent

adherent adherents
An adherent is someone who holds a particular belief or supports a particular person or group.

- Communism was gaining adherents in Latin America.

N-COUNT
= follower supporter

adherent

noun

supporter

admirer

devotee

disciple

fan

follower

upholder

adhesion

[D.J.:ædˈhi:ʒən]

[K.K.:ædˈhiʒən]

n.

粘合,粘附

支持,拥护

同意参加,同意加入

(常用复数)粘着物，

<植>贴生，连生

<物>粘附力，附着力

<医>粘连；粘连的组织

<铁>附着作用，粘着系统

adhesional

adj.

adhesion

adhesion
Adhesion is the ability of one thing to stick firmly to another. (FORMAL)

- Better driving equipment will improve track adhesion in slippery conditions.

N-UNCOUNT

adhesive

[D.J.:ədˈhi:siv]

[K.K.:ædˈhisɪv, -zɪv]

n.

黏合剂

adj.

可黏着的, 黏性的

adhesive *

1. adhesive adhesives
An adhesive is a substance such as glue, which is used to make things stick firmly together.

- Glue the mirror in with a strong adhesive.

N-MASS

2. adhesive
An adhesive substance is able to stick firmly to something else.

- ...adhesive tape.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

adhesive

adjective

1.

sticky

clinging

cohesive

gluey

glutinous

tenacious

noun

2.

glue

cement

gum

paste

ad hoc *

ad hoc
An ad hoc activity or organization is done or formed only because a situation has made it necessary and is not planned in advance.

- `I would accept opportunities in TV on an ad hoc basis,' he said.

- ...ad hoc committees to examine specific problems.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= makeshift ≠ planned

adieu

[D.J.:əˈdju:, əˈdu:]

[K.K.:əˈdju, əˈdu]

n.

告别,辞行

int.

再见(含“永不再见”意)

adieu

adieu
Adieu means the same as goodbye . (LITERARY, OLD-FASHIONED)

- `Gentlemen, I bid you adieu.'

CONVENTION

adieu

noun

goodbye

farewell

leave-taking

parting

valediction

ad infinitum

ad infinitum
If something happens ad infinitum , it is repeated again and again in the same way.

- This cycle repeats itself ad infinitum.

ADV: ADV after v

adj.

adj.
Adj. is a written abbreviation for adjective .

= adjective

adjacent

[D.J.:əˈdʒeisənt]

[K.K.:əˈdʒesənt]

adj.

邻近的

adjacent *

adjacent
If one thing is adjacent to another, the two things are next to each other.

- He sat in an adjacent room and waited.

- The schools were adjacent but there were separate doors.

- ...offices adjacent to the museum.

ADJ: oft ADJ to n

adjacent

adjective

next

adjoining

beside

bordering

cheek by jowl

close

near

neighbouring

next door

touching

adjectival

[D.J.:ˌædʒɪkˈtaɪvəl]

[K.K.:ˌædʒɪkˈtaɪvəl]

adj.

形容词的，形容词性的，有形容词性质的，有形容词作用的

(作家或作品)以堆砌形容词为特点的，喜用形容词的

<婉>该死的，讨厌的

n.

<语>形容词性词语

adjectivally

adv.

adjectivally

adv.

形容词般地,作形容词用地

adjectival

adjectival
Adjectival means relating to adjectives or like an adjective.

- ...an adjectival phrase.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

adjective

[D.J.:ˈædʒiktiv]

[K.K.:ˈædʒɪktɪv]

n.

形容词

adjective *

adjective adjectives
An adjective is a word such as `big', `dead', or `financial' that describes a person or thing, or gives extra information about them. Adjectives usually come before nouns or after link verbs.
N-COUNT

adjective group

adjective group adjective groups
An adjective group or adjectival group is a group of words based on an adjective, such as `very nice' or `interested in football'. An adjective group can also consist simply of an adjective.
N-COUNT

adjoin

[D.J.:əˈdʒɔin]

[K.K.:əˈdʒɔɪn]

vt. & vi.

邻近, 毗连

adjoining

[D.J.:əˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ]

[K.K.:əˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ]

adj.

毗连的，邻近的

adjoin *

adjoin adjoins adjoining adjoined
If one room, place, or object adjoins another, they are next to each other. (FORMAL)

- Fields adjoined the garden and there were no neighbours.

- We waited in an adjoining office.

VB

adjoin

verb

connect

border

join

link

touch

adjoining

adjective

connecting

abutting

adjacent

bordering

neighbouring

next door

touching

adjourn

[D.J.:əˈdʒə:n]

[K.K.:əˈdʒɚn]

vt. & vi.

(使)休会, (使)休庭

adjourn *

adjourn adjourns adjourning adjourned
If a meeting or trial is adjourned or if it adjourns , it is stopped for a short time.

- The proceedings have now been adjourned until next week.

- I am afraid the court may not adjourn until three or even later.

V-ERG

adjourn

verb

postpone

defer

delay

discontinue

interrupt

put off

suspend

adjournment

[D.J.:əˈdʒə:nmənt]

n.

休会;延期

休会期，休庭期

adjournment

adjournment adjournments
An adjournment is a temporary stopping of a trial, enquiry, or other meeting.

- The court ordered a four month adjournment.

N-COUNT
= suspension

adjournment

noun

postponement

delay

discontinuation

interruption

putting off

recess

suspension

adjudge

[D.J.:əˈdʒʌdʒ]

[K.K.:əˈdʒʌdʒ]

vt.

判决, 裁决;宣布

<律>(常指在有争议时)把…判给

<罕>想；认为；考虑

<古>判处

adjudgeable

adj.

adjudgement

n.

adjudgement

n.

宣告,审判

adjudge

adjudge adjudges adjudging adjudged
If someone is adjudged to be something, they are judged or considered to be that thing. (FORMAL)

- He was adjudged to be guilty.

- At college he was adjudged the Best Speaker in a number of annual debating competitions.

VB: usu passive
= decree

adjudicate

[D.J.:əˈdʒu:dɪˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:əˈdʒudɪˌket]

vt.

判决,宣判

当…的评判员(或裁判员、仲裁人)

vt.&vi.

判决,宣判

adjudication

n.

判决,宣判

adjudicator

n.

裁判员

adjudication

[D.J.:əˌdʒu:dɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:əˌdʒudɪˈkeʃən]

n.

(法院的)宣告；宣判；审判；裁定

adjudicator

n.

判决者,裁定者

adjudicate

1. adjudicate adjudicates adjudicating adjudicated
If you adjudicate on a dispute or problem, you make an official judgement or decision about it. (FORMAL)

- ...a commissioner to adjudicate on legal rights...

- The international court of justice might be a suitable place to adjudicate claims.

VB
= decide

2. adjudication adjudications

- ...unbiased adjudication of cases of unfair dismissal.

N-VAR
= decision

3. adjudicator adjudicators

- ...an independent adjudicator.

N-COUNT

adjudicate

verb

judge

adjudge

arbitrate

decide

determine

mediate

referee

settle

umpire

adjudication

noun

judgment

arbitration

conclusion

decision

finding

pronouncement

ruling

settlement

verdict

adjunct

[D.J.:ˈædʒʌŋkt]

[K.K.:ˈædʒˌʌŋkt]

n.

附件,助手

adj.

附属的

adjunct

1. adjunct adjuncts
Something that is an adjunct to something larger or more important is connected with it or helps to perform the same task.

- Physical therapy is an important adjunct to drug treatments.

- The Party was certainly not an official adjunct of the police department.

N-COUNT: oft N to/of n
= appendage

2. adjunct adjuncts
In grammar, an adjunct is a word or group of words which indicates the circumstances of an action, event, or situation. An adjunct is usually a prepositional phrase or an adverb group.
N-COUNT

adjust

[D.J.:əˈdʒʌst]

[K.K.:əˈdʒʌst]

vt. & vi.

(改变…以)适应; 调整; 校正

adjusted

[D.J.:əˈdʒʌstid]

[K.K.:əˈdʒʌstɪd]

adj.

调整过的

adjusting

[əˈdʒʌstiŋ]

n.

调节(作用);校准,调整,调制

adjust ***

1. adjust adjusts adjusting adjusted
When you adjust to a new situation, you get used to it by changing your behaviour or your ideas.

- We have been preparing our fighters to adjust themselves to civil society.

- I felt I had adjusted to the idea of being a mother very well.

- It has been hard to adjust but now I'm getting satisfaction from my work.

VB
See also well-adjusted .

2. adjust adjusts adjusting adjusted
If you adjust something, you change it so that it is more effective or appropriate.

- To attract investors, Panama has adjusted its tax and labour laws.

VB

3. adjust adjusts adjusting adjusted
If you adjust something such as your clothing or a machine, you correct or alter its position or setting.

- She adjusted her head scarf fussily.

- Liz adjusted her mirror and then edged the car out of its parking bay.

VB

4. adjust adjusts adjusting adjusted
If you adjust your vision or if your vision adjusts , the muscles of your eye or the pupils alter to cope with changes in light or distance.

- He stopped to try to adjust his vision to the faint starlight.

- We stood in the doorway until our eyes adjusted.

- It was a few moments before his eyes became adjusted to the bright glare of the sun.

V-ERG

adjust

verb

alter

accustom

adapt

make conform

modify

adjustable

[D.J.:əˈdʒʌstəbl]

adj.

可调整的，可调节的

adjustable *

adjustable
If something is adjustable , it can be changed to different positions or sizes.

- The bags have adjustable shoulder straps.

- The seats are fully adjustable.

ADJ
≠ fixed unadjustable

adjustable

adjective

alterable

adaptable

flexible

malleable

modifiable

movable

adjuster

[əˈdʒʌstə]

n.

调停者,调节器

adjuster

adjuster adjusters
An adjuster is a device which allows you to alter a piece of equipment's position or setting.

- ...a seat belt adjuster.

N-COUNT also adjustor
See also loss adjustor .

adjustment

[D.J.:əˈdʒʌstmənt]

[K.K.:əˈdʒʌstmənt]

n.

调整, 调节

调节器

调解

<心>调节，顺应；调节度，顺应度

<金>(保险索赔等的)金额理算

<商>略有损坏商品等的)调低价格

adj.

能治愈的;可康复的

(生理或道德)健康的

adjustment **

1. adjustment adjustments
An adjustment is a small change that is made to something such as a machine or a way of doing something.

- Compensation could be made by adjustments to taxation.

- Investment is up by 5.7% after adjustment for inflation.

- ...a technician made an adjustment to a smoke machine at the back of the auditorium.

N-COUNT: oft N to/for/in n

2. adjustment adjustments
An adjustment is a change in a person's behaviour or thinking.

- He will have to make major adjustments to his thinking if he is to survive in office.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

adjustment

noun

1.

alteration

adaptation

modification

redress

regulation

tuning

2.

acclimatization

orientation

settling in

adjutant

[D.J.:ˈædʒətənt]

[K.K.:ˈædʒətənt]

n.

助手，助理

副官

辅助的东西

adjutant

adjutant adjutants
An adjutant is an officer in the army who deals with administrative work.
N-COUNT

ad-lib

[D.J.:æd ˈlɪb]

[K.K.:æd ˈlɪb]

vt.&vi.

即兴演出；即席讲话；临时插入(剧本中没有的台词等)

当场作出，临时作成；即兴创作；随手使用

<口>随口说出(俏皮话)，脱口而出

无准备地说(或做)

adj.

即兴的，即席发言的，信口说出的；临时插入的；当场作出的，当即完成的

adv.

<口>临时插入地；随便地；任意地；当场；即席地，即兴地

n.

<主美>临时插入的台词(或动作)；即兴的音乐；即席的发言(或评论)

ad-lib

1. ad-lib ad-libs ad-libbing ad-libbed
If you ad-lib something in a play or a speech, you say something which has not been planned or written beforehand.

- He began comically ad-libbing a script.

- Audiences giggled while Moody ad-libbed his way through the revue.

- He is rather disjointed when he ad-libs.

- ...ad-libbed phrases.

VB also ad lib
= improvise

2. ad-lib ad-libs
An ad-lib is something which is said without having been planned or written beforehand.

- Every time I fluffed a line Lenny got me out of trouble with a brilliant ad-lib.

N-COUNT also ad lib
= improvisation

3. ad lib
Also an adverb.

- I spoke from the pulpit ad lib.

ADV: ADV after v also ad lib

ad-lib

verb

improvise

busk

extemporize

make up

speak off the cuff

wing it informal

adman

[D.J.:ˈædmæn]

[K.K.:ˈædˌmæn]

n.

广告部门职员,拉广告者

adman

adman admen
An adman is someone who works in advertising. (INFORMAL)

- He was the most brilliant adman that any of us knew.

N-COUNT

admin

abbr.

管理;行政

admin

abbr.

管理;行政

admin

admin
Admin is the activity or process of organizing an institution or organization. (INFORMAL)

- I have two assistants who help with the admin.

- ...the prison's admin staff.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n
= administration

administer

[D.J.:ədˈministə]

[K.K.:ædˈmɪnɪstɚ]

vt.

管理, 支配

给予

执行, 实施

administer **

1. administer administers administering administered
If someone administers something such as a country, the law, or a test, they take responsibility for organizing and supervising it.

- The plan calls for the UN to administer the country until elections can be held.

- We hope that they're going to administer justice impartially.

- Next summer's exams would be straightforward to administer and mark.

VB

2. administer administers administering administered
If a doctor or a nurse administers a drug, they give it to a patient. (FORMAL)

- Sister came to watch the staff nurse administer the drugs.

VB
= give

3. administer administers administering administered
If someone administers a punch or a kick, they punch or kick someone. (FORMAL)

- He is shown in the tape of the beating as administering most of the blows.

VB

administer

verb

1.

manage

conduct

control

direct

govern

handle

oversee

run

supervise

2.

give

apply

dispense

impose

mete out

perform

provide

administration

[D.J.:ədˌminisˈtreiʃən]

[K.K.:ædˌmɪnɪˈstreʃən]

n.

实行, 执行

管理, 经营, 支配

政府, 内阁

administration ****

1. administration
Administration is the range of activities connected with organizing and supervising the way that an organization or institution functions.

- Too much time is spent on administration.

- ...a master's degree in business administration.

N-UNCOUNT

2. administration
The administration of something is the process of organizing and supervising it.

- Standards in the administration of justice have degenerated.

- The cost of administration is around £500.

N-UNCOUNT

3. administration
The administration of a company or institution is the group of people who organize and supervise it.

- They would like the college administration to exert more control over the fraternity.

N-SING: the N, usu n N

4. administration administrations
You can refer to a country's government as the administration ; used especially in the United States.

- O'Leary served in federal energy posts in both the Ford and Carter administrations.

- He urged the administration and Congress to come up with a credible package to reduce the budget deficit.

N-COUNT: oft the n N

administration

noun

management

application

conduct

control

direction

government

running

supervision

administrative

[D.J.:ædˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv]

[K.K.:ædˈmɪnɪˌstretɪv]

adj.

行政的, 管理的;经营的

后方勤务的

administrative **

1. administrative
Administrative work involves organizing and supervising an organization or institution.

- Other industries have had to sack managers to reduce administrative costs.

- The project will have an administrative staff of 12.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= management

2. administratively

- Cuba is politically and administratively divided into 14 provinces.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj, ADV with cl

administrative

adjective

managerial

directorial

executive

governmental

organizational

regulatory

supervisory

administrator

[D.J.:ædˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtə]

[K.K.:ædˈmɪnɪˌstretɚ]

n.

管理者；行政官员；行政人员

有管理(或行政)才能的人

<律>(由遗嘱检验法庭指定的)遗产管理人

奉派暂管主教教区的牧师

administrators

管理员,管理程序

administrator **

administrator administrators
An administrator is a person whose job involves helping to organize and supervise the way that an organization or institution functions.
N-COUNT

administrator

noun

manager

bureaucrat

executive

official

organizer

supervisor

admirable

[D.J.:ˈædmərəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈædmərəbəl]

adj.

令人称赞的;令人钦佩的

极好的，绝妙的，出色的

admirability

n.

admirableness

n.

admirably

adv.

admirableness

美妙

admirably

adv.

极好地,美好地

admirable **

1. admirable
An admirable quality or action is one that deserves to be praised and admired.

- Beyton is an admirable character.

- The film tells its story with admirable economy.

ADJ-GRADED
= excellent estimable

2. admirably

- Peter had dealt admirably with the sudden questions about Keith.

- Johnstone's research is admirably wide-ranging.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj/adv

admirable

adjective

excellent

commendable

exquisite

fine

laudable

praiseworthy

wonderful

worthy

admiral

[D.J.:ˈædmərəl]

[K.K.:ˈædmərəl]

n.

海军将领, 舰队司令

admiral **

admiral
An admiral is a very senior officer who commands a navy.

- ...Admiral Hodges.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

Admiralty

n.

（英国）海军部

Admiralty

Admiralty
In Britain, the Admiralty is the government department that is in charge of the navy.

- The loss of the biggest ship in the Royal Navy shocked the Admiralty.

N-PROPER: the N

admiration

[D.J.:ˌædməˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌædməˈreʃən]

n.

钦佩;赞赏

引人赞美的人或物

in admiration of

怀着对…的赞美

to admiration

令人钦佩地；出色地

admirative

adj.

admiratively

adv.

admiration **

admiration
Admiration is a feeling of great liking and respect for a person or thing.

- I have always had the greatest admiration for him.

- Meg's eyes widened in admiration.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for/of n, in N

admiration

noun

regard

amazement

appreciation

approval

esteem

praise

respect

wonder

admire

[D.J.:ədˈmaiə]

[K.K.:ædˈmaɪr]

vt.

赞赏; 钦佩

称赞, 夸奖

〈美口〉想要, 喜欢

admiring

[ədˈmaiəriŋ]

adj.

赞赏的,钦佩的

admiringly

adv.

钦佩地,羡慕地

admire ***

1. admire admires admiring admired
If you admire someone or something, you like and respect them very much.

- I admired her when I first met her and I still think she's marvellous.

- He admired the way she had coped with life.

- All those who knew him will admire him for his work.

VB

2. admire admires admiring admired
If you admire someone or something, you look at them with pleasure.

- We took time to stop and admire the view.

VB
= appreciate

admiring

1. admiring
An admiring expression shows that you like or respect someone or something.

- He cast her admiring glances all the way down the stairs.

- Within moments, he'd attracted an admiring audience.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= appreciative

2. admiringly

- He glanced admiringly at the design.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
See also admire .

admire

verb

1.

respect

appreciate

approve

esteem

look up to

praise

prize

think highly of

value

2.

marvel at

appreciate

delight in

take pleasure in

wonder at

admirer

[D.J.:ədˈmaɪərə]

n.

赞赏者;羡慕者；崇拜者

(女子的)爱慕者，追求者

admirer *

1. admirer admirers
If you are an admirer of someone, you like and respect them or their work very much.

- He was an admirer of her grandfather's paintings.

N-COUNT

2. admirer admirers
A woman's admirers are the men who are attracted to her.

- Johnny was the most persistent and most harmless of her admirers.

N-COUNT
= suitor

admirer

noun

1.

suitor

beau

boyfriend

lover

sweetheart

wooer

2.

fan

devotee

disciple

enthusiast

follower

partisan

supporter

admissibility

n.

可容许,有入场的资格

admissible

[D.J.:ædˈmɪsəbəl]

[K.K.:ædˈmɪsəbəl]

adj.

有资格加入的;有资格就任的

可容许的

(意见、计划等)可采纳的

<律>(证据)可接受的

admissibility

n.

admissibleness

n.

admissibly

adv.

admissible

admissible
If evidence is admissible , it is allowed in a court of law.

- Convictions will rise steeply now photographic evidence is admissible.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ
≠ inadmissable

admissible

adjective

permissible

acceptable

allowable

passable

tolerable

admission

[D.J.:ədˈmiʃən]

[K.K.:ædˈmɪʃən]

n.

准许进入

入场费, 入场券

承认, 供认

admission **

1. admission admissions
Admission is permission given to a person to enter a place, or permission given to a country to enter an organization. Admission is also the act of entering a place.

- Students apply for admission to a particular college.

- Poland and Czechoslovakia have vigorously pursued admission to the European Community.

- There have been substantial increases in hospital admissions of children.

N-VAR: oft N to n
= admittance

2. admission admissions
Admissions to a place such as a school or university are the people who are allowed to enter or join it.

- Each school sets its own admissions policy.

N-PLURAL: oft N n

3. admission
Admission at a park, museum, or other place is the amount of money that you pay to enter it.

- Gates open at 10.30am and admission is free.

N-UNCOUNT
= entrance

4. admission
Also used before a noun.

- The admission price is $8 for adults.

N-UNCOUNT: N n

5. admission admissions
An admission is a statement that something bad, unpleasant, or embarrassing is true.

- By his own admission, he is not playing well.

- She wanted some admission of guilt from her father.

N-VAR: oft N of n, N that

admission

noun

1.

entrance

acceptance

access

admittance

entr´ee

entry

initiation

introduction

2.

confession

acknowledgment

allowance

declaration

disclosure

divulgence

revelation

admit

[D.J.:ədˈmit]

[K.K.:ædˈmɪt]

vt. & vi.

许可进入

承认, 供认

admitted

[ədˈmitid]

adj.

被承认的,被确认无疑的

admit ****

1. admit admits admitting admitted
If you admit that something bad, unpleasant, or embarrassing is true, you agree, often unwillingly, that it is true.

- I am willing to admit that I do make mistakes.

- Up to two thirds of 14 to 16 year olds admit to buying drink illegally.

- I'd be ashamed to admit feeling jealous.

- None of these people will admit responsibility for their actions.

- `Actually, most of my tennis is at club level,' he admitted.

VB
= confess ≠ deny

2. admit admits admitting admitted
If someone is admitted to hospital, they are taken into hospital for treatment and kept there until they are well enough to go home.

- She was admitted to hospital with a soaring temperature.

- He was admitted yesterday for treatment of blood clots in his lungs.

VB: usu passive

3. admit admits admitting admitted
If someone is admitted to an organization or group, they are allowed to join it.

- He was admitted to the Academie Culinaire de France.

- The Parachute Regiment could be forced to admit women.

VB

4. admit admits admitting admitted
To admit someone to a place means to allow them to enter it.

- Embassy security personnel refused to admit him or his wife.

- Journalists are rarely admitted to the region.

VB

admit

verb

1.

confess

acknowledge

declare

disclose

divulge

own

reveal

2.

allow

agree

grant

let

permit

recognize

3.

let in

accept

allow

give access

initiate

introduce

receive

take in

admittance

[D.J.:ædˈmɪtns]

[K.K.:ædˈmɪtn..s]

n.

允许进入(或加入)权

<电>导纳

admittance

admittance
Admittance is the act of entering a place or institution or the right to enter it.

- Dr Patel had a similar experience trying to gain admittance into medical school in Britain.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N into/to n
= admission

admittedly

[D.J.:ædˈmɪtɪdli:]

[K.K.:ædˈmɪtɪdli]

adv.

诚然;确实地, 无可否认地

admittedly *

admittedly
You use admittedly when you are saying something which weakens the importance or force of your statement.

- It's only a theory, admittedly, but the pieces fit together.

- Sometimes, avoidance of one particular food will have this beneficial effect, though admittedly rarely.

ADV: ADV with cl/group

admixture

[D.J.:ædˈmɪkstʃə]

[K.K.:ædˈmɪkstʃɚ]

n.

混合，掺和

混合物；附加剂

admixture

admixture
Admixture means the same as mixture . (FORMAL)

- Seaton's heart beat with the admixture of aversion and thrill.

N-SING: usu N of n
= mixture

admonish

[D.J.:ædˈmɔnɪʃ]

[K.K.:ædˈmɑnɪʃ]

vt.

劝告, 训诫

(温和地)责备，轻责

admonisher

n.

admonishingly

adv.

admonishment

n.

警告

admonish

1. admonish admonishes admonishing admonished
If you admonish someone, you tell them very seriously that they have done something wrong. (FORMAL)

- They told me I was a fool and admonished me for taking risks with my health.

- She admonished him gently, `You should rest, not talk so much.'

VB
= rebuke

2. admonishment admonishments

- Sometimes he gave them a severe admonishment.

N-VAR

admonish

verb

reprimand

berate

chide

rebuke

scold

slap on the wrist

tell off informal

admonition

[D.J.:ˌædməˈnɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌædməˈnɪʃən]

n.

告诫,劝告，忠告

轻责，(温和的)责备

admonition

admonition admonitions
An admonition is a warning or criticism about someone's behaviour. (FORMAL)

- She is full of admonitions about smoking, now that she has given it up.

N-VAR
= reproof

ad nauseam

ad nauseam
If someone does something ad nauseam , they do it repeatedly and over a long period of time so that it becomes annoying or boring.

- We discussed it ad nauseam.

PHR: PHR after v
= endlessly

ado

[D.J.:əˈdu:]

[K.K.:əˈdu]

n.

无谓的忙乱, 无谓的纷扰,费力, 艰难

without further/more ado

毫不耽搁地；干脆地；立即

ado

ado
If you do something without further ado or without more ado , you do it at once and do not discuss or delay it any longer. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- `And now, without further ado, let me introduce our benefactor.'

PHR: PHR with v

adobe

[D.J.:əˈdəʊbi:]

[K.K.:əˈdobi]

n.

风干土坯，风干砖坯

(制风干砖用的)灰质粘土

泥砖砌成的房屋

adj.

用土坯建造的

adobe

adobe
Adobe is a mixture of mud and straw that is dried into bricks in the sun and used for building, especially in hot countries.

- ...a few blocks of adobe houses.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

adolescence

[D.J.:ˌædəuˈlesəns]

[K.K.:ˌædlˈɛsəns]

n.

青春期(一般指成年以前由13至15的发育期)

adolescence *

adolescence
Adolescence is the period of your life in which you develop from being a child into being an adult.

- Some young people suddenly become self-conscious and tongue-tied in early adolescence.

N-UNCOUNT

adolescence

noun

1.

youth

boyhood

girlhood

minority

teens

2.

youthfulness

childishness

immaturity

adolescent

[D.J.:ˌædəuˈlesnt]

[K.K.:ˌædlˈɛsənt]

adj.

青春期的, 青少年的

n.

青少年

adolescent **

1. adolescent
Adolescent is used to describe young people who are no longer children but who have not yet become adults. It also refers to their behaviour.

- It is important that an adolescent boy should have an adult in whom he can confide.

- He spent his adolescent years playing guitar in the church band.

- ...adolescent rebellion.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= teenage

2. adolescent adolescents
An adolescent is an adolescent boy or girl.

- Young adolescents are happiest with small groups of close friends.

N-COUNT
= teenager

adolescent

adjective

1.

young

boyish

girlish

immature

juvenile

puerile

teenage

youthful

noun

2.

youth

juvenile

minor

teenager

youngster

adopt

[D.J.:əˈdɔpt]

[K.K.:əˈdɑpt]

vt.

收养

采用, 采纳, 采取

正式接受, 通过

adopted

[əˈdɔptid]

adj.

被收养的,被采用的

adopter

n.

养父母

adoption

[əˈdɔpʃən]

n.

采用,收养

adopt ****

1. adopt adopts adopting adopted
If you adopt a new attitude, plan, or way of behaving, you begin to have it.

- The United Nations General Assembly has adopted a resolution calling on all parties in the conflict to seek a political settlement.

- Pupils should be helped to adopt a positive approach to the environment.

VB

2. adoption

- ...the adoption of Japanese management practices by British manufacturing.

N-UNCOUNT

3. adopt adopts adopting adopted
If you adopt someone else's child, you take it into your own family and make it legally your son or daughter.

- There are hundreds of people desperate to adopt a child.

- The adopted child has the right to see his birth certificate.

VB

4. adopter adopters

- A social worker is appointed to interview the prospective adopters.

N-COUNT

5. adoption adoptions

- They gave their babies up for adoption.

- The majority of adoptions are successful.

N-VAR

6. adopt adopts adopting adopted
If you adopt a physical position, you move yourself into it. (FORMAL)

- I tried to adopt a curled-up position to avoid damaging my limbs.

VB

7. adopt adopts adopting adopted
If you adopt a country, you choose it as a place to live.

- Podulski had joined the U.S. Navy as an aviator, adopting a new country and a new profession.

- ...their adopted home in England.

VB

8. adopt adopts adopting adopted
If you adopt an accent or a particular tone of voice, you speak differently from normal, especially to create an effect in a particular situation.

- He has adopted the accent of a Second World War newscaster.

- The girl was uncertain what to do, or what tone of voice to adopt.

VB

adopt

verb

1.

foster

take in

2.

choose

assume

espouse

follow

maintain

take up

adoption

noun

1.

fostering

adopting

taking in

2.

choice

appropriation

assumption

embracing

endorsement

espousal

selection

taking up

adoptive

[D.J.:əˈdɔptɪv]

[K.K.:əˈdɑptɪv]

adj.

收养的,有收养关系的

被采纳的

装出来的，佯装的

adoptively

adv.

adoptive

1. adoptive
Someone's adoptive family is the family that adopted them.

- He was brought up by adoptive parents in London.

- ...her adoptive mother.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. adoptive
Someone's adoptive country or city is the one that they choose for their home, although they were not born there.

- They threatened to expel him from his adoptive country.

- Galway in Ireland is my adoptive home.

ADJ: ADJ n

adorable

[D.J.:əˈdɔ:rəbəl, əˈdəʊr-]

[K.K.:əˈdɔrəbəl, əˈdor-]

adj.

值得崇拜的

<口>可爱的,讨人喜欢的

adorability

n.

adorableness

n.

adorably

adv.

adorably

adv.

崇拜

adorable *

adorable
If you say that someone or something is adorable , you are emphasizing that they are very attractive and you feel great affection for them.

- By the time I was 30, we had three adorable children.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis

adorable

adjective

lovable

appealing

attractive

charming

cute

dear

delightful

fetching

pleasing

adoration

[D.J.:ˌædɔ:ˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌædəˈreʃən]

n.

崇拜,爱慕,受崇拜(或爱慕)的对象

adoration

adoration
Adoration is a feeling of great admiration and love for someone or something.

- She needs and wants to be loved with overwhelming passion and adoration.

- He had been used to female adoration all his life.

N-UNCOUNT

adore

[D.J.:əˈdɔ:]

[K.K.:əˈdɔr, əˈdor]

vt.

爱慕; 崇拜

非常喜欢

adore *

1. adore adores adored
If you adore someone, you feel great love and admiration for them.

- She adored her parents and would do anything to please them.

VB: no cont

2. adore adores adored
If you adore something, you like it very much. (INFORMAL)

- My mother adores bananas and eats two a day.

- I adore good books and the theatre.

VB: no cont

adore

verb

love

admire

cherish

dote on

esteem

exalt

glorify

honour

idolize

revere

worship

adoring

[əˈdɔ:riŋ]

adj.

崇拜的,敬慕的

adoringly

adv.

崇拜地,敬慕地

adoring *

1. adoring
An adoring person is someone who loves and admires another person very much.

- She can still pull in adoring audiences.

ADJ-GRADED

2. adoringly

- She gazes adoringly at her husband.

ADV-GRADED

adoring

adjective

loving

admiring

affectionate

devoted

doting

fond

adorn

[D.J.:əˈdɔ:n]

[K.K.:əˈdɔrn]

vt.

装饰; 佩带

adorning

n.

修饰,装饰物

adj.

修饰的

adorn *

adorn adorns adorning adorned
If something adorns a place or an object, it makes it look more beautiful.

- His watercolour designs adorn a wide range of books.

- Several magnificent oil paintings adorn the walls.

VB
= decorate

adorn

verb

decorate

array

embellish

festoon

adornment

[D.J.:əˈdɔ:nmənt]

[K.K.:əˈdɔrnmənt]

n.

装饰,装饰品

adornment

1. adornment adornments
An adornment is something that is used to make a person or thing more beautiful.

- It was a building without any adornment or decoration.

N-VAR

2. adornment
Adornment is the process of making something more beautiful by adding something to it.

- Cosmetics are used for adornment.

N-UNCOUNT

adornment

noun

decoration

accessory

embellishment

festoon

frill

frippery

ornament

supplement

trimming

adrenalin

[D.J.:əˈdrenəlin]

[K.K.:əˈdrɛnəlɪn]

n.

肾上腺素

adrenalin *

adrenalin
Adrenalin is a substance which your body produces when you are angry, scared, or excited. It makes your heart beat faster and gives you more energy.

- That was my first big game in months and the adrenalin was going.

N-UNCOUNT also adrenaline

adrift

[D.J.:əˈdrɪft]

[K.K.:əˈdrɪft]

adj.&adv.

漂泊的(地), 漂流的(地)

漫无目的(地),随波逐流的(地),

<主英口>脱开着的(地)；松动着的(地)

<主英口>偏离的(地)；出了差错的(地)

<主英口>不联系的(地)；不接触的(地)

turn sb. adrift

把某人逐出家门;使某人漂泊无依

adrift *

1. adrift
If a boat is adrift , it is floating on the water and is not tied to anything or controlled by anyone.

- They were spotted after three hours adrift in a dinghy.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, v n ADJ

2. adrift
If someone is adrift , they feel alone with no clear idea of what they should do.

- Amy had the growing sense that she was adrift and isolated.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, v n ADJ

3. adrift
If something comes adrift , it is no longer attached to an object that it should be part of. (BRIT)

- Three insulating panels had come adrift from the base of the vehicle.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, ADJ after v
= loose

4. adrift
In sporting competitions, if a team or a player is adrift of their rivals, they are behind them, usually by a specified number of points or by a specified distance. (BRIT)

- Aberdeen are nine points adrift of Rangers at the top of the Scottish League.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ of n

5. adrift
If something has gone adrift , it is no longer happening in the way that was intended.

- We have seen this as an attempt to place the blame for a policy that has gone adrift.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= awry

adrift

adjective

1.

drifting

afloat

unanchored

unmoored

2.

aimless

directionless

goalless

purposeless

adverb

3.

wrong

amiss

astray

off course

adroit

[D.J.:əˈdrɔɪt]

[K.K.:əˈdrɔɪt]

adj.

熟练的, 机敏的

adroitly

adv.

熟练地,敏捷地

adroit

1. adroit
Someone who is adroit is quick and skilful in their thoughts, behaviour, or actions.

- She is a remarkably adroit and determined politician.

ADJ-GRADED
= adept

2. adroitly

- He drove adroitly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. adroitness

- He governed with an adroitness that gained him the nickname `the old fox'.

N-UNCOUNT

adroit

adjective

skilful

adept

clever

deft

dexterous

expert

masterful

neat

proficient

skilled

adulation

[D.J.:ˌædʒəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌædʒəˈleʃən]

n.

谄媚

adulation

adulation
Adulation is uncritical admiration and praise of someone or something.

- The book was received with adulation by critics.

N-UNCOUNT
= acclaim

adulation

noun

worship

fawning

fulsome praise

servile flattery

sycophancy

adulatory

[ˈædjuleitəri]

adj.

奉承的

adulatory

adulatory
If someone makes an adulatory comment about someone, they praise them and show their admiration of them.

- ...adulatory reviews.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= laudatory

adult

[D.J.:ˈædʌlt]

[K.K.:əˈdʌlt, ˈædʌlt]

adj.

成熟的

成年人的, 适宜于成年人的

n.

成年的人或动物

adult ****

1. adult adults
An adult is a mature, fully developed person. An adult has reached the age when they are legally responsible for their actions.

- Becoming a father signified that he was now an adult.

- Children under 14 must be accompanied by an adult.

N-COUNT
= grown up ≠ minor

2. adult adults
An adult is a fully developed animal.

- ...a pair of adult birds.

N-COUNT: oft N n
≠ juvenile

3. adult
Adult means relating to the time when you are an adult, or typical of adult people.

- I've lived most of my adult life in London.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. adult
If you say that someone is adult about something, you think that they act in a mature, intelligent way, especially when faced with a difficult situation.

- We were very adult about it. We discussed it rationally over a drink.

- ...dealing with emerging sexuality in an adult way.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ approval
= mature

5. adult
You can describe things such as films or books as adult when they deal with sex in a very clear and open way.

- ...an adult movie.

ADJ

adult

noun

1.

grown-up

grown or grown-up person (man or woman)

person of mature age

adjective

2.

fully grown

full grown

fully developed

grown-up

mature

of age

ripe

adult education

adult education
Adult education is education for adults in a variety of subjects, most of which are practical, not academic. Classes are often held in the evenings.

- Adult education centres offer many courses in cooking and dressmaking.

N-UNCOUNT

adulterate

[D.J.:əˈdʌltəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:əˈdʌltəˌret]

vt.

(尤指食物)掺假

<废>奸污，诱奸

adj.

掺杂的，掺假的；不纯的

通奸的，犯通奸罪的

adulteration

n.

掺假

adulterated

[əˈdʌltəreitid]

adj.

掺入次级品的

adulteration

n.

掺杂,掺假货

adulterate

1. adulterate adulterates adulterating adulterated
If something such as food or drink is adulterated , someone has made its quality worse by adding water or cheaper products to it.

- The food had been adulterated to increase its weight.

- There is a regulation against adulterated cosmetics.

VB: usu passive

2. adulteration

- The Laboratory was set up with the prime purpose of detecting the adulteration of tobacco.

N-UNCOUNT

adulterer

[D.J.:əˈdʌltərə]

[K.K.:əˈdʌltəɚ]

n.

奸夫,通奸者

adulterer

adulterer adulterers
An adulterer is someone who commits adultery.
N-COUNT

adulteress

[D.J.:əˈdʌltəris]

[K.K.:əˈdʌltrɪs, -tərɪs]

n.

奸妇

adulteress

adulteress adulteresses
An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

adulterous

[D.J.:əˈdʌltərəs]

[K.K.:əˈdʌltərəs, -trəs]

adj.

通奸的,不贞的

adulterous

adulterous
An adulterous relationship is a sexual relationship between a married person and someone they are not married to. An adulterous person is someone who commits adultery.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

adultery

[D.J.:əˈdʌltəri:, -tri:]

[K.K.:əˈdʌltəri, -tri]

n.

(一方或双方已婚的)通奸, 私通

adultery *

adultery
If a married person commits adultery , they have sex with someone that they are not married to.

- She is going to divorce him on the grounds of adultery.

N-UNCOUNT

adulthood

[ˈædʌltˌhud]

n.

成人期

adulthood *

adulthood
Adulthood is the state of being an adult.

- Few people nowadays are able to maintain friendships into adulthood.

N-UNCOUNT

adv.

adv.
Adv. is a written abbreviation for adverb .

= adverb

advance

[D.J.:ədˈvɑ:ns]

[K.K.:ædˈvæns]

vt. & vi.

(使)前进, (使)发展; 促进

提高, 提升

vt.

提出

提前

预付, 贷(款项等)

n.

前进, 发展, 改进, 进步

增长, 提高

借款, 预付款, 贷款

adj.

预先的, 在前的

预先做好的; 预先供给的

advanced

[D.J.:ədˈvɑ:nst]

[K.K.:ædˈvænst]

adj.

超前的, 先进的

高级的, 高等的

advances

n.

接近,友好的表示;求爱

advancing

[ædˈvɑ:nsiŋ]

n.

进步;超前,提前,前进;推进

advance ****

1. advance advances advancing advanced
To advance means to move forward, often in order to attack someone.

- Reports from Chad suggest that rebel forces are advancing on the capital.

- According to one report, the water is advancing at a rate of between 5cm and 7cm a day.

- The Daily Telegraph carries a picture of a man throwing himself before an advancing tank.

VB

2. advance advances advancing advanced
To advance means to make progress, especially in your knowledge of something.

- Now that medical technology has advanced to its present state, more people are aware of how long one can be kept alive.

- Japan has advanced from a rural, feudal society to an urban, industrial power.

VB
= progress

See also advanced .

3. advance advances advancing advanced
If you advance someone a sum of money, you lend it to them, or pay it to them earlier than arranged.

- I advanced him some money, which he would repay on our way home.

- The bank advanced $1.2 billion to help the country with debt repayments.

VB
= lend

4. advance advances
An advance is money which is lent or paid to someone before they would normally receive it.

- She was paid a £100,000 advance for her next two novels.

N-COUNT

5. advance advances advancing advanced
To advance an event, or the time or date of an event, means to bring it forward to an earlier time or date.

- Too much protein in the diet may advance the ageing process.

- The country's election commission has advanced the date of parliamentary elections by three days.

VB
= bring forward ≠ put back

6. advance advances advancing advanced
If you advance a cause, interest, or claim, you support it and help to make it successful.

- When not producing art of his own, Oliver was busy advancing the work of others.

VB
= further ≠ hinder

7. advance advances advancing advanced
When a theory or argument is advanced , it is put forward for discussion.

- Many theories have been advanced as to why some women suffer from depression.

- An important set of ideas have been advanced by the biologist Rupert Sheldrake.

VB: usu passive
= put forward

8. advance advances
An advance is a forward movement of people or vehicles, usually as part of a military operation.

- In an exercise designed to be as real as possible, they simulated an advance on enemy positions.

- The defences are intended to obstruct any advance by tanks and other vehicles.

N-VAR
= attack ≠ retreat

9. advance advances
If you make advances to someone, you try to start a sexual relationship with them. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Mark had for some time been making advances towards her.

- She rejected his advances during the trip to Cannes.

N-PLURAL

10. advance advances
An advance in a particular subject or activity is progress in understanding it or in doing it well.

- Air safety has not improved since the dramatic advances of the 1970s.

- Their progress at work was mirrored by their children's educational advance.

N-VAR
= development

11. advance
If something is an advance on what was previously available or done, it is better in some way.

- This could be an advance on the present situation.

N-SING: usu a N on n

12. advance
Advance booking, notice, or warning is done or given before an event happens.

- They don't normally give any advance notice about which building they're going to inspect.

- The event received little advance publicity.

ADJ: ADJ n

13. advance
An advance party or group is a small group of people who go on ahead of the main group.

- The 20-strong advance party will be followed by another 600 soldiers as part of UN relief efforts.

ADJ: ADJ n
= expeditionary

14. advance
If one thing happens or is done in advance of another, it happens or is done before the other thing.

- I had asked everyone to submit questions in advance of the meeting.

PHR-PREP
= ahead

15. advance
If you do something in advance , you do it before a particular date or event.

- The subject of the talk is announced a week in advance.

PHR: PHR after v

advanced ***

1. advanced
An advanced system, method, or design is modern and has been developed from an earlier version of the same thing.

- Many are afraid that, without more training or advanced technical skills, they'll lose their jobs.

- ...the most advanced optical telescope in the world.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= up-to-date

2. advanced
A country that is advanced has reached a high level of industrial or technological development.

- Agricultural productivity remained low by comparison with advanced countries like the United States.

ADJ-GRADED

3. advanced
An advanced student has already learned the basic facts of a subject and is doing more difficult work. An advanced course of study is designed for such students.

- The course is suitable for beginners and advanced students.

- The lab has recently been updated to allow for more advanced courses.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ elementary

4. advanced
Something that is at an advanced stage or level is at a late stage of development.

- `Medicare' is available to victims of advanced kidney disease.

- His ideas should be more advanced by the time the Committee meets in Edinburgh in October.

ADJ-GRADED

5. advanced
If you say that someone is of advanced years or is advanced in age, you are saying in a polite way that they are old. (FORMAL)

- The gentleman, despite his advanced years, helped Kathryn back to her seat.

ADJ-GRADED politeness

advance

verb

1.

progress

come forward

go on

hasten

make inroads

proceed

speed

2.

benefit

further

improve

prosper

3.

suggest

offer

present

proffer

put forward

submit

4.

lend

pay beforehand

supply on credit

noun

5.

progress

advancement

development

forward movement

headway

inroads

onward movement

6.

improvement

breakthrough

gain

growth

progress

promotion

step

7.

loan

credit

deposit

down payment

prepayment

retainer

advances

8.

overtures

approach

approaches

moves

proposals

proposition

adjective

9.

prior

beforehand

early

forward

in front

in advance

10.

beforehand

ahead

earlier

previously

advanced

adjective

foremost

ahead

avant-garde

forward

higher

leading

precocious

progressive

advancement

[D.J.:ædˈvænsmənt]

[K.K.:ædˈvænsmənt]

n.

(级别的)晋升，提升，提拔

前进;进展;促进

增加；提高

advancement *

1. advancement
Advancement is progress in your job or in your social position.

- He cared little for social advancement.

N-UNCOUNT: oft adj N

2. advancement advancements
The advancement of something is the process of helping it to progress or the result of its progress.

- Her work for the advancement of the status of women in India was recognised by the whole nation.

N-VAR: oft N of n

advancement

noun

promotion

betterment

gain

improvement

preferment

progress

rise

advantage

[D.J.:ədˈvɑ:ntidʒ]

[K.K.:ædˈvæntɪdʒ]

n.

有利条件, 有利因素, 优势

益处, 利益

advantage ****

1. advantage advantages
An advantage is something that puts you in a better position than other people.

- They are deliberately flouting the law in order to obtain an advantage over their competitors.

- A good crowd will be a definite advantage to me and the rest of the team.

N-COUNT
≠ disadvantage

2. advantage
Advantage is the state of being in a better position than others who are competing against you.

- Men have created a social and economic position of advantage for themselves over women.

N-UNCOUNT

3. advantage advantages
An advantage is a way in which one thing is better than another.

- The great advantage of home-grown oranges is their magnificent flavour.

- This custom-built kitchen has many advantages over a standard one.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
≠ disadvantage

4. advantage
If you take advantage of something, you make good use of it while you can.

- I intend to take full advantage of this trip to buy the things we need.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

5. advantage
If someone takes advantage of you, they treat you unfairly for their own benefit, especially when you are trying to be kind or to help them.

- She took advantage of him even after they were divorced.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

6. advantage
If you use or turn something to your advantage , you use it in order to benefit from it, especially when it might be expected to harm or damage you.

- The government have not been able to turn today's demonstration to their advantage.

PHR: PHR after v

7. advantage
If something is shown to good advantage or to best advantage , it is shown in a way that reveals its best features.

- The walls were painted in muted tones to show the pictures to good advantage.

PHR: PHR after v

advantage

noun

benefit

ascendancy

dominance

good

help

lead

precedence

profit

superiority

sway

advantaged

adj.

得天独厚的,有利的,占有利位置的

advantaged

advantaged
A person or place that is advantaged is in a better social or financial position than other people or places.

- Some cities are always going to be more advantaged.

ADJ-GRADED
= privileged ≠ disadvantaged

advantageous

[D.J.:ˌædvænˈteɪdʒəs, -vən-]

[K.K.:ˌædvænˈtedʒəs, -vən-]

adj.

有利的

advantageously

adv.

advantageousness

n.

advantageously

adv.

有利地,方便地

advantageous *

1. advantageous
If something is advantageous to you, it is likely to benefit you.

- Free exchange of goods was advantageous to all.

- ...an opportunity to purchase a set of tools at very advantageous prices.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
= favourable ≠ unfavourable

2. advantageously

- They acquire the land in order to be able to sell it advantageously to the government.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= favourably ≠ unfavourably

advantageous

adjective

1.

beneficial

convenient

expedient

helpful

of service

profitable

useful

valuable

worthwhile

2.

superior

dominant

dominating

favourable

advent

[D.J.:ˈædvənt]

[K.K.:ˈædˌvɛnt]

n.

出现, 到来

advent *

1. advent
The advent of an important event, invention, or situation is the fact of it starting or coming into existence. (FORMAL)

- The advent of the computer has brought this sort of task within the bounds of possibility.

- The advent of war led to a greater austerity.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n
= appearance

2. advent
The advent of a person at a place is their arrival there. (LITERARY)

- Deptford had come alive with the advent of the new priest at St Paul's.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n
= arrival

Advent

n.

基督降临;降临节

Advent

Advent
In the Christian church, Advent is the period between Advent Sunday, the Sunday closest to the 30th of November, and Christmas Day.
N-UNCOUNT

adventure

[D.J.:ədˈventʃə]

[K.K.:ædˈvɛntʃɚ]

n.

冒险活动; 冒险经历; 奇遇

冒险, 刺激

vt. & vi.

冒险

adventure **

1. adventure adventures
If someone has an adventure , they become involved in an unusual, exciting, and rather dangerous journey or series of events.

- I set off for a new adventure in the United States on the first day of the new year.

N-COUNT

2. adventure
Adventure is excitement and willingness to do new, unusual, or rather dangerous things.

- Their cultural backgrounds gave them a spirit of adventure.

- ...a feeling of adventure and excitement.

N-UNCOUNT

3. adventure adventures adventuring adventured
If you adventure somewhere, you go somewhere new, unusual, and exciting. (WRITTEN)

- The group has adventured as far as the Austrian alps.

VB

adventure

noun

escapade

enterprise

experience

exploit

incident

occurrence

undertaking

venture

adventure playground

adventure playground adventure playgrounds
An adventure playground is an area of land for children to play in, usually in cities or in a park. It has wooden structures and equipment such as ropes, nets, and rubber tyres. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

adventurer

[D.J.:ædˈventʃəə]

[K.K.:ædˈvɛntʃəɚ]

n.

探险家, 冒险家

投机取巧者；投机商

adventuress

n.

女冒险家；女骗子

adventuress

[D.J.:#ŋæɲəＵ]

[K.K.:ædˈvɛntʃərɪs]

n.

用不正当手段谋求名利(或地位)的女人,女投机家,女冒险家

adventurer *

1. adventurer adventurers
An adventurer is a person who enjoys going to new, unusual, and exciting places.
N-COUNT

2. adventurer adventurers
If you describe someone as an adventurer , you disapprove of them because they are using dishonest or immoral methods to gain money or power.

- ...unprincipled opportunists and ambitious political adventurers.

N-COUNT disapproval
= shark

adventurer

noun

1.

mercenary

charlatan

fortune-hunter

gambler

opportunist

rogue

speculator

2.

hero

daredevil

heroine

knight-errant

traveller

voyager

adventuresome

[D.J.:ədˈventʃəsəm]

[K.K.:ædˈvɛntʃəsəm]

adj.

冒险性的

adventuresome

adventuresome
Adventuresome means the same as adventurous . (AM)

- With him every day was exciting and adventuresome.

ADJ-GRADED

adventurism

[D.J.:ədˈventʃərizəm]

[K.K.:ædˈvɛntʃəˌrɪzəm]

n.

(外交、政治等方面的)冒险主义

adventurism

adventurism
Adventurism is a willingness to take risks, especially in order to obtain an unfair advantage in politics or business.

- Lenin dismissed guerrilla warfare as `adventurism.'

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

adventurist

[ədˈventʃərist]

n.

冒险主义者

adventurist

1. adventurist
If you describe someone or something as adventurist , you disapprove of them because they are willing to take risks in order to gain an unfair advantage in business or politics.

- ...aggressive and adventurist foreign policy.

ADJ disapproval

2. adventurist adventurists
An adventurist is someone who behaves in an adventurist way.

- ...political adventurists.

N-COUNT

adventurous

[D.J.:ædˈventʃərəs]

[K.K.:ædˈvɛntʃərəs]

adj.

爱冒险的

大胆的；敢做敢为的

充满危险的

adventurously

adv.

adventurousness

n.

adventurously

adv.

爱冒险地

adventurous *

1. adventurous
Someone who is adventurous is willing to take risks and to try new methods. Something that is adventurous involves new things or ideas.

- Warren was an adventurous businessman.

- The menu seemed far more adventurous before the festival started.

ADJ-GRADED
= daring ≠ unadventurous

2. adventurous
Someone who is adventurous is eager to visit new places and have new experiences.

- He had always wanted an adventurous life in the tropics.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unadventurous

adventurous

adjective

daring

bold

daredevil

enterprising

intrepid

reckless

adverb

[D.J.:ˈædvə:b]

[K.K.:ˈædvɚb]

n.

〈语〉副词

adverb

adverb adverbs
An adverb is a word such as `slowly', `now', `very', `politically', or `fortunately' which adds information about the action, event, or situation mentioned in a clause.
N-COUNT

adverb group

adverb group adverb groups
An adverb group or adverbial group is a group of words based on an adverb, such as `very slowly' or `fortunately for us'. An adverb group can also consist simply of an adverb.
N-COUNT

adverbial

[ədˈvə:biəl]

adj.

副词的,状语的

n.

状语

adverbial

adverbial
Adverbial means relating to adverbs or like an adverb.

- ...an adverbial expression.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

adversarial

[D.J.:ˌædvəˈsɛəriəl]

[K.K.:ˌædvɚˈsɛriəl]

adj.

敌手的,对手的,对抗(性)的

adversarial

adversarial
If you describe something as adversarial , you mean that it involves two or more people or organizations who are opposing each other. (FORMAL)

- In our country there is an adversarial relationship between government and business.

- ...an adversarial legal system.

ADJ-GRADED

adversary

[D.J.:ˈædvəsəri]

[K.K.:ˈædvɚˌsɛri]

n.

对手, 敌手

adversary *

adversary adversaries
Your adversary is someone you are competing with, or arguing or fighting against.

- Elliott crossed the finish line just half a second behind his adversary.

- His political adversaries were creating a certain amount of trouble for him.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= opponent enemy ≠ allies

adversary

noun

opponent

antagonist

competitor

contestant

enemy

foe

rival

adverse

[D.J.:ˈædvə:s]

[K.K.:ædˈvɚs, ˈædˌvɚs]

adj.

不利的, 有害的

逆的, 相反的, 敌对的

adversely

adv.

逆地,反对地

adverse **

1. adverse
Adverse decisions, conditions, or effects are unfavourable to you.

- The police said Mr Hadfield's decision would have no adverse effect on the progress of the investigation.

- Despite the adverse conditions, the road was finished in just eight months.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ favourable

2. adversely

- Price changes must not adversely affect the living standards of the people.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

adverse

adjective

unfavourable

contrary

detrimental

hostile

inopportune

negative

opposing

adversity

[D.J.:ædˈvɜ:sɪti:]

[K.K.:ædˈvə..sɪti]

n.

逆境;厄运;(经济方面的)窘境

(常作-ties)不灾祸;灾难;幸

adversity *

adversity adversities
Adversity is a very difficult or unfavourable situation.

- He showed courage in adversity.

N-VAR: oft in/of N
= misfortune

adversity

noun

hardship

affliction

bad luck

disaster

distress

hard times

misfortune

reverse

trouble

advert

[D.J.:ədˈvə:t]

[K.K.:ædˈvɚt]

vi.

提及

advert **

1. advert adverts
An advert is an announcement in a newspaper, on television, or on a poster about something such as a product, event, or job. (BRIT; in AM use ad )

- I saw an advert for a transport job with a large steel and engineering company.

- Many caravans are let by private individuals through adverts in papers or shop windows.

N-COUNT: oft N for n
= ad advertisement

2. advert adverts
If you say that an example of something is an advert for that thing in general, you mean that it shows how good that thing is. (BRIT)

- This courtroom battle has been a poor advert for English justice.

N-COUNT: usu a N for n
= advertisement

3. advert adverts
You can use the adverts to refer to the interval in a commercial television programme, or between programmes, during which advertisements are shown. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use commercial break )

- After the adverts, the presenter tried to pretend that everything was back to normal.

N-PLURAL: the N
= commercials

advert

noun Brit. informal

advertisement

ad informal

announcement

blurb

commercial

notice

plug informal

poster

advertise

[D.J.:ˈædvətaiz]

[K.K.:ˈædvɚˌtaɪz]

vt.

公布, 宣传

vt. & vi.

(给…)做广告宣传

advertising

[D.J.:ˈædvəˌtaɪzɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈædvɚˌtaɪzɪŋ]

n.

广告, 广告宣传

adj.

广告的；广告业的；广告业务的

advertise ***

1. advertise advertises advertising advertised
If you advertise something such as a product, an event, or a job, you tell people about it in newspapers, on television, or on posters in order to encourage them to buy the product, go to the event, or apply for the job.

- The players can advertise baked beans, but not rugby boots.

- In 1991, the house was advertised for sale at $49,000.

- Religious groups are currently not allowed to advertise on television.

VB

2. advertise advertises advertising advertised
If you advertise for someone to do something for you, for example to work for you or share your accommodation, you announce it in a newspaper, on television, or on a notice board.

- We advertised for staff in a local newspaper.

- I shall advertise for someone to go with me.

VB

3. advertise advertises advertising advertised
If someone or something advertises a particular quality, they show it in their appearance or behaviour. (LITERARY)

- His hard sinewy body advertised his ruthlessness of purpose.

VB
= emphasize

4. advertise advertises advertising advertised
If you do not advertise the fact that something is the case, you try not to let other people know about it.

- There is no need to advertise the fact that you are a single woman.

- I didn't want to advertise the fact that he hadn't driven me to the airport.

VB: usu with brd-neg
See also advertising .

advertising **

advertising
Advertising is the activity of creating advertisements and making sure people see them.
N-UNCOUNT

advertise

verb

publicize

announce

inform

make known

notify

plug informal

promote

tout

advertisement

[D.J.:ədˈvə:tismənt]

[K.K.:ˌædvɚˈtaɪzmənt, ædˈvɚtɪs-, -tɪz-]

n.

出公告, 做广告

广告

advertisement **

1. advertisement advertisements
An advertisement is an announcement in a newspaper, on television, or on a poster about something such as a product, event, or job. (WRITTEN)

- Miss Parrish recently placed an advertisement in the local newspaper.

N-COUNT: oft N for n
= advert ad

2. advertisement advertisements
If you say that an example of something is an advertisement for that thing in general, you mean that it shows how good that thing is. (mainly BRIT)

- The Treviso team were an effective advertisement for the improving state of Italian club rugby.

- That would not be a good advertisement for Hungary's emerging democracy.

N-COUNT: usu a N for n

advertisement

noun

advert Brit. informal

ad informal

announcement

blurb

commercial

notice

plug informal

poster

advertiser

[D.J.:ˈædvətaɪzə]

n.

登广告的人

advertiser *

1. advertiser advertisers
An advertiser is a person or company that pays for a product, event, or job to be advertised in a newspaper, on television, or on a poster.
N-COUNT

2. advertiser
Advertiser is used in the name of some local newspapers.

- ...the Croydon Advertiser.

N-IN-NAMES

advertorial

[D.J.:ˌædvəˈtɔ:riəl]

[K.K.:ˌædvɚˈtɔriəl, -ˈtor-]

n.

社论式广告(指常作为杂志中心插页的正式广告文字)

advertorial

advertorial advertorials
An advertorial is an advertisement that uses the style of newspaper or magazine articles or television documentary programmes, so that it appears to be giving facts and not trying to sell a product.
N-VAR

advice

[D.J.:ədˈvais]

[K.K.:ædˈvaɪs]

n.

劝告, 忠告, 意见

消息, 报道; (商业)通知

advice ****

1. advice
If you give someone advice , you tell them what you think they should do in a particular situation.

- Don't be afraid to ask for advice about ordering the meal.

- Your community officer can give you advice on how to prevent crime in your area.

- Take my advice and stay away from him!.

- Most foreign nationals have now left the country on the advice of their governments.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N on/about n/wh/-ing

2. advice
If you take advice or take legal advice , you ask a lawyer for his or her professional opinion on a situation. (FORMAL)

- He requested a two-week adjournment to prepare the case and take further advice on the matter.

- If you are prosecuted by the police, then it is essential that you take specialist legal advice.

PHR: V inflects

advice

noun

guidance

counsel

help

opinion

recommendation

suggestion

advice column

advice column advice columns
In a newspaper or magazine, the advice column contains letters from readers about their personal problems, and advice on what to do about them. (AM; in BRIT use agony column )
N-COUNT

advice columnist

advice columnist advice columnists
An advice columnist is a person who writes a column in a newspaper or magazine in which they reply to readers who have written to them for advice on their personal problems. (AM; in BRIT use agony aunt )
N-COUNT

advice line

advice line advice lines
An advice line is a service that you can telephone in order to get advice about something.

- For help on crime prevention, call our 24-hour advice line.

N-COUNT

advisability

[ədˌvaizəˈbiliti]

n.

明智

advisable

[D.J.:ədˈvaizəbl]

[K.K.:ædˈvaɪzəbəl]

adj.

明智的; 可取的

advisable *

1. advisable
If you tell someone that it is advisable to do something, you are suggesting that they should do it, because it is sensible or is likely to achieve the result they want. (FORMAL)

- Because of the popularity of the region, it is advisable to book hotels or camp sites in advance.

- It is generally not advisable for expectant mothers to travel by air after the 28th week of pregnancy.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
= wise ≠ inadvisable

2. advisability

- He is doubtful about the advisability of any interference with the immune system.

N-UNCOUNT: the N of n
≠ inadvisability

advisability

noun

wisdom

appropriateness

aptness

desirability

expediency

fitness

propriety

prudence

suitability

advisable

adjective

wise

appropriate

desirable

expedient

fitting

politic

prudent

recommended

seemly

sensible

advise

[D.J.:ədˈvaiz]

[K.K.:ædˈvaɪz]

vt. & vi.

劝告, 提建议

vt.

(商业)通知, 报告

advised

[D.J.:ədˈvaizd]

[K.K.:ædˈvaɪzd]

adj.

明智的, 审慎的

经过考虑的, 深思熟虑的

advise ***

1. advise advises advising advised
If you advise someone to do something, you tell them what you think they should do.

- The minister advised him to leave as soon as possible.

- Herbert would surely advise her how to approach the bank.

- I would strongly advise against it.

- Doctors advised that he should be transferred to a private room.

VB

2. advise advises advising advised
If an expert advises people on a particular subject, he or she gives them help and information on that subject.

- ...an officer who advises undergraduates from London's City University on money matters...

- A family doctor will be able to advise on suitable birth control.

VB

3. advise advises advising advised
If you advise someone of a fact or situation, you tell them the fact or explain what the situation is. (FORMAL)

- ...the decision requiring police to advise suspects of their rights...

- I think it best that I advise you of my decision to retire.

VB
= inform apprise

4. advise advised
If an official document states that you are advised to do something, it is telling you the correct or appropriate thing to do. (FORMAL)

- Candidates in India are advised to submit their applications through the overseas student office in London.

- Residents are advised not to put their rubbish bags on the pavement outside their houses.

V-PASSIVE

advise

verb

1.

recommend

admonish

caution

commend

counsel

prescribe

suggest

urge

2.

notify

acquaint

apprise

inform

make known

report

tell

warn

advisedly

[D.J.:ədˈvɑizidli]

[K.K.:ædˈvaɪzɪdli]

adv.

经过考虑地,故意地

advisedly

advisedly
If you say that you are using a word or expression advisedly , you mean that you have deliberately chosen to use it, even though it may sound unusual, wrong, or offensive, because it draws attention to what you are saying.

- I say `boys' advisedly because we are talking almost entirely about male behaviour.

- The phrase `seemingly effortless' is used advisedly, because his dazzling results were the product of a great deal of hard graft.

ADV: ADV after v

advisement

[D.J.:ədˈvaizmənt]

[K.K.:ædˈvaɪzmənt]

n.

深思熟虑,劝告,考虑

advisement

advisement
If someone in authority takes a matter under advisement , they decide that the matter needs to be considered more carefully, often by experts. (AM, FORMAL)

- I think this is too important for a snap decision. I will take it under advisement and give you an answer in twenty-four hours.

PHR: V inflects

adviser

[D.J.:ædˈvaɪzə]

[K.K.:ædˈvaɪzɚ]

n.

顾问;劝告者

<美>(指导大学新生学科问题等的)指导教授

adviser ***

adviser advisers
An adviser is an expert whose job is to give advice to another person or to a group of people.

- In Washington, the President and his advisers spent the day in meetings.

- ...a careers adviser.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N to n also advisor

adviser

noun

guide

aide

confidant

consultant

counsellor

helper

mentor

right-hand man

advisory

[D.J.:ædˈvaɪzəri:]

[K.K.:ædˈvaɪzəri]

adj.

劝告的,忠告的，警告的

顾问的，提供咨询的

n.

(有关进展、动向、建议等的)报告

公告；通告；通报

advisorily

adv.

advisory **

1. advisory
An advisory group regularly gives suggestions and help to people or organizations, especially about a particular subject or area of activity. (FORMAL)

- ...members of the advisory committee on the safety of nuclear installations...

- Now my role is strictly advisory.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. advisory advisories
An advisory is an official announcement or report that warns people about bad weather, diseases, or other dangers or problems. (AM)

- 26 states have issued health advisories.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= warning

advisory

adjective

advising

consultative

counselling

helping

recommending

advocacy

[D.J.:ˈædvəkəsi:]

[K.K.:ˈædvəkəsi]

n.

支持, 拥护, 鼓吹

辩护；辩护术；辩护业

advocacy *

1. advocacy
Someone's advocacy of a particular action or plan is their act of recommending it publicly. (FORMAL)

- I support your advocacy of free trade.

N-SING: usu poss N of n
= support for

2. advocacy
Advocacy is the way in which lawyers deal with cases in court. (FORMAL)

- Sir Peter would also like to see the current adversarial system of advocacy examined by the royal commission.

N-UNCOUNT

3. advocacy
An advocacy group or organization is one that tries to influence the decisions of a government or other authority. (AM)

- Consumer advocacy groups are not so enthusiastic about removing restrictions on the telephone companies.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n
= lobby

advocate

[D.J.:ˈædvəkeit]

[K.K.:ˈædvəˌket]

vt.

提倡, 主张

n.

提倡者, 拥护者

辩护律师, 辩护人

advocate ***

1. advocate advocates advocating advocated
If you advocate a particular action or plan, you recommend it publicly. (FORMAL)

- Mr Williams is a conservative who advocates fewer government controls on business.

- ...the Europe-wide strategy advocated by Jacques Delors to get people back to work.

VB
= recommend

2. advocate advocates
An advocate of a particular action or plan is someone who recommends it publicly. (FORMAL)

- He was a strong advocate of free market policies and a multi-party system.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= proponent

3. advocate advocates
An advocate is a lawyer who speaks in favour of someone or defends them in a court of law. (LEGAL)
N-COUNT
= lawyer

4. advocate advocates
An advocate for a particular group is a person who works for the interests of that group. (AM)

- ...advocates for the homeless...

- Animal rights advocates argue that zoos are really animal prisons and very often cruel.

N-COUNT: with supp
See also devil's advocate .

advocate

verb

1.

recommend

advise

argue for

campaign for

champion

commend

encourage

promote

propose

support

uphold

noun

2.

supporter

campaigner

champion

counsellor

defender

promoter

proponent

spokesman

upholder

3.

lawyer

attorney

barrister

counsel

solicitor

aegis

[D.J.:ˈi:dʒɪs]

[K.K.:ˈidʒɪs]

n.

保护;庇护

支持,赞助;主办

under the aegis of

在…的支持下，在…的保护下

由…主办，由…发起

aegis

aegis
Something that is done under the aegis of a person or organization is done with their official support and backing. (FORMAL)

- The military space programme will continue under the aegis of the joint strategic armed forces.

- She went to Sheffield University as a lecturer, under the aegis of Boris Ford.

PHR-PREP
= under the auspices of

aeon

[D.J.:ˈi:ˌɔn, ˈi:ən]

[K.K.:ˈiˌɑn, ˈiən]

n.

<正>极漫长的时期；千万年

<地>极长时期；十亿年期

<哲>永世；永存

aeon

aeon aeons
An aeon is an extremely long period of time.

- Aeons ago, there were deserts where there is now fertile land.

N-COUNT (AM) eon
= age

aerate

[D.J.:ˈeiəreit]

[K.K.:ˈɛret]

v.

使暴露于空气中,使充满气体

aerated

充气[通气,通风,鼓风]的,充入二氧化碳的

aerate

aerate aerates aerating aerated
To aerate a substance means to cause air or gas to pass through it.

- Aerate the soil by spiking with a fork.

- ...fresh crab and lobster, transported south in tanker loads of aerated salted water.

VB
= oxygenate

aerial

[D.J.:ˈɛəriəl]

[K.K.:ˈɛriəl, eˈɪriəl]

adj.

空气的, 空中的

存在或悬浮于空中的, 架空的

n.

天线

aerial *

1. aerial
You talk about aerial attacks and aerial photographs to indicate that people or things on the ground are attacked or photographed by people in aeroplanes.

- Weeks of aerial bombardment had destroyed factories and highways.

- Patterns that are invisible on the ground can be the most striking part of an aerial photograph.

- The film begins with an aerial view of the Great Basin of Nevada.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. aerial
You can use aerial to describe things that exist or happen above the ground or in the air.

- The seagulls swirled in aerial combat over the barges.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. aerial aerials
An aerial is a device or a piece of wire that receives television or radio signals and is usually attached to a radio, television, car, or building. (BRIT; in AM use antenna )

- ...a saucer-shaped satellite television aerial.

- ...the radio aerials of taxis and cars.

N-COUNT

aero-

[D.J.:ˈɛərəu]

[K.K.:ˈɛro]

pref.

表示“空气,空中”之义

aero-

1. aero-
aero- is used at the beginning of words, especially nouns, that refer to things or activities connected with air or movement through the air.
PREFIX

2. aero-
aero- combines with nouns to form nouns relating to aeroplanes.

- ...the British aero-engine maker, Rolls-Royce.

COMB in N-COUNT

aerobatics

[D.J.:ˌɛərəuˈbætiks]

[K.K.:ˌɛrəˈbætɪks]

n.

特技飞行,特技飞行术

aerobatics

aerobatics
Aerobatics are skilful displays of flying, usually to entertain people watching from the ground.
N-PLURAL The form aerobatic is used as a modifier

aerobic

[D.J.:eəˈrəʊbɪk]

[K.K.:ɛˈrobɪk]

adj.

需氧的;需氧的

需氧菌的

有氧健身的

aerobically

adv.

aerobic *

aerobic
Aerobic activity exercises and strengthens your heart and lungs.

- Aerobic exercise gets the heart pumping and helps you to burn up the fat.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

aerobics

[D.J.:eəˈrəʊbɪks]

[K.K.:ɛˈrobɪks]

n.

有氧健身法,健美操

aerobics *

aerobics
Aerobics is a form of exercise which increases the amount of oxygen in your blood, and strengthens your heart and lungs. The verb that follows aerobics may be either singular or plural.

- I'd like to join an aerobics class to improve my fitness.

N-PLURAL: oft N n

aerodrome

[D.J.:ˈeərəˌdrəʊm]

[K.K.:ˈɛrəˌdrom]

n.

<主英>(小)飞机场

aerodrome

aerodrome aerodromes
An aerodrome is a place or area where small aircraft can land and take off. (BRIT; in AM use airdrome )
N-COUNT: oft in names
= airfield

aerodynamic

[D.J.:ˌɛərəudaiˈnæmik]

[K.K.:ˌɛrodaɪˈnæmɪk]

adj.

空气动力学的

aerodynamically

[ˌɛərəudaiˈnæmikəli]

adv.

空气动力学地

aerodynamicist

[ˌɛərəudaiˈnæmisist]

n.

空气动力学者,气体力学者

aerodynamics

[D.J.:ˌeərəʊdaɪˈnæmɪks]

[K.K.:ˌɛrodaɪˈnæmɪks]

n.

空气动力学

aerodynamic

adj.

空气动力(学)的

aerodynamically

adj.

空气动力(学)的

aerodynamicist

n.

空气动力学家

aerodynamic

1. aerodynamic
If something such as a car has an aerodynamic shape or design, it goes faster and uses less fuel than other cars because the air passes over it more easily.

- The secret of the machine lies in the aerodynamic shape of the one-piece, carbon-fibre frame.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. aerodynamically

- The whole cheetah is aerodynamically built, from the tip of its nose to the tip of its tail.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v

aerodynamics

aerodynamics
Aerodynamics is the study of the way in which objects move through the air.
N-UNCOUNT The form aerodynamic is used as a modifier. In British English, aerodynamics is sometimes used as a plural noun, with a plural verb

aeronautical

[ˌɛərəˈnɔ:tikəl]

adj.

航空学的

aeronautics

[D.J.:ˌeərəˈnɔ:tɪks]

[K.K.:ˌɛrəˈnɔtɪks]

n.

aeronautic

adj.

航空(学)的

aeronautical

adj.

航空(学)的

aeronautical

aeronautical
Aeronautical means involving or relating to the design and construction of aeroplanes.

- ...the biggest aeronautical research laboratory in Europe.

ADJ: ADJ n

aeronautics

aeronautics
Aeronautics is the science of designing and building aeroplanes.
N-UNCOUNT

aeroplane

[D.J.:ˈɛərəplein]

[K.K.:ˌɛrəˌplen]

n.

飞机

aeroplane **

aeroplane aeroplanes
An aeroplane is a vehicle with wings and one or more engines that enable it to fly through the air. (BRIT; in AM use airplane )
N-COUNT
= plane aircraft

aerosol

[D.J.:ˈeərəˌsɔ:l, -ˌsɔl]

[K.K.:ˈɛrəˌsɔl, -ˌsɑl]

n.

(气体中的)浮粒，悬浮微粒, 带有悬浮粒的气体

喷雾剂;烟雾剂;气雾剂

<化>气溶胶

喷雾器

adj.

喷雾的，喷雾器的，喷雾剂的

aerosol *

aerosol aerosols
An aerosol is a small container in which a liquid such as paint or deodorant is kept under pressure. When you press a button, the liquid is forced out as a fine spray or foam.
N-COUNT: oft N n

aerospace

[D.J.:ˈeərəʊˌspeɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɛroˌspes]

n.

航空与航天空间,,宇宙空间(指地球大气层及其外面的空间)

航空航天学

航空航天工业

adj.

宇宙空间的,宇宙航行的

aerospace **

aerospace
Aerospace companies are involved in developing and making rockets, missiles, space vehicles, and related equipment.

- The US government also helps its aerospace industry, chiefly via the space agency, Nasa.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

aesthete

[D.J.:ˈesθi:t]

[K.K.:ˈɛsθit]

n.

审美家;唯美主义者

aesthetes

微眼

aesthete

aesthete aesthetes
An aesthete is someone who loves and appreciates works of art and beautiful things.
N-COUNT (AM) also esthete
≠ philistine

aesthetic

[D.J.:i:sˈθetik]

[K.K.:ɛsˈθɛtɪk]

adj.

有关美的, 美学的

审美的

悦目的, 雅致的

aesthetically

adv.

审美地,美学观点上地

aesthetic **

1. aesthetic
Aesthetic is used to talk about beauty or art, and people's appreciation of beautiful things.

- ...products chosen for their aesthetic appeal as well as their durability and quality.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) also esthetic

2. aesthetic
The aesthetic of a work of art is its aesthetic quality.

- He responded very strongly to the aesthetic of this particular work.

N-SING: the N (AM) also esthetic

3. aesthetically

- A statue which is aesthetically pleasing to one person, however, may be repulsive to another.

ADV-GRADED: oft ADV with cl

aesthetics

[D.J.:i:sˈθetiks]

[K.K.:ɛsˈθɛtɪks]

n.

美学,美术理论,审美学,美的哲学

aesthetics *

aesthetics
Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy concerned with the study of the idea of beauty.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) also esthetics

afar

[D.J.:əˈfɑ:]

[K.K.:əˈfɑr]

adv.

从远处

n.

远处；遥远

afar off

远离着，远远地离开着

from afar

从远方，从远处

afar

afar
Afar means a long way away. (LITERARY)

- Seen from afar, its towering buildings beckon the visitor in.

- ...a stranger who has loved her from afar for 23 years.

ADV: usu from ADV, also ADV after v

affability

[ˌæfəˈbility]

n.

和蔼,亲切

affable

[D.J.:ˈæfəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈæfəbəl]

adj.

友善的;慈祥的

平易近人的, 和蔼的

affably

adv.

殷勤地

affable *

1. affable
Someone who is affable is pleasant and friendly.

- Mr Brooke is an extremely affable and approachable man.

ADJ-GRADED
= amicable

2. affability

- Beneath the surface affability there was a sort of struggle for power.

N-UNCOUNT

3. affably

- `Ah, Captain Fox,' Martin McGuinness said affably. `Nice to see you again.'

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

affable

adjective Law

friendly

amiable

amicable

approachable

congenial

cordial

courteous

genial

pleasant

sociable

urbane

affair

[D.J.:əˈfɛə]

[K.K.:əˈfɛr]

n.

发生的事情; 大事; 事件

事务, 事态

affair ****

1. affair
If an event or a series of events has been mentioned and you want to talk about it again, you can refer to it as the affair .

- The government has mishandled the whole affair.

- The affair began when customs officials inspected a convoy of 60 tankers.

- The industry minister described the affair as `an absolute scandal'.

N-SING: the N
= business matter

2. affair
You can refer to an important or interesting event or situation as ` the ... affair '. (mainly JOURNALISM)

- ...the damage caused to the CIA and FBI in the aftermath of the Watergate affair.

- ...confidential Bank of England documents relating to the BCCI affair.

N-SING: usu the n-proper N

3. affair
You can describe the main quality of an event by saying that it is a particular kind of affair .

- Michael said that his planned 10-day visit would be a purely private affair.

- Breakfast will be a cheerless affair for the Prime Minister this morning.

N-SING: usu supp N

4. affair
You can describe an object as a particular kind of affair when you want to draw attention to a particular feature, or indicate that it is unusual.

- All their beds were distinctive; Mac's was an iron affair with brass knobs.

- He tried dividing it into two bundles, tying them to his walking stick, and slinging the whole affair across his back.

N-SING: supp N

5. affair affairs
If two people who are not married to each other have an affair , they have a sexual relationship.

- Married male supervisors were carrying on affairs with female subordinates in the office.

N-COUNT
See also love affair .

6. affair affairs
You can use affairs to refer to all the important facts or activities that are connected with a particular subject.

- He does not want to interfere in the internal affairs of another country.

- With more details, here's our foreign affairs correspondent.

N-PLURAL: usu supp N
See also current affairs , state of affairs .

7. affair affairs
Your affairs are all the matters connected with your life which you consider to be private and normally deal with yourself.

- He was rational and consistent in the conduct of his affairs.

- The unexpectedness of my father's death meant that his affairs were not entirely in order.

N-PLURAL: usu poss N

8. affair
If you say that a decision or situation is someone's affair , you mean that it is their responsibility, and other people should not interfere.

- If you wish to make a fool of yourself and damage your career here, that is your affair.

- If they want to stay and fight, then I guess that's their affair.

N-SING: poss N
= business

affair

noun

1.

event

activity

business

episode

happening

incident

matter

occurrence

2.

relationship

amour

intrigue

liaison

romance

affect

[D.J.:əˈfekt]

[K.K.:əˈfɛkt]

vt.

影响

感动

假装

affected

[D.J.:əˈfektɪd]

[K.K.:əˈfɛktɪd]

adj.

(人或行为)假装的；做作的

倾向于…的；趋向于…的

受到(疾病等)侵袭的，感染的

受到影响的

感动的，感受的，(情绪)激动的，被打动的

affectedly

adv.

affectedness

n.

affecting

[D.J.:əˈfektiŋ]

[K.K.:əˈfɛktɪŋ]

adj.

感人的,动人的

affect ****

1. affect affects affecting affected
If something affects a person or thing, it influences them or causes them to change in some way.

- Nicotine adversely affects the functioning of the heart and arteries.

- More than seven million people have been affected by drought.

- ...the worst affected areas of East Central China.

VB

2. affect affects affecting affected
If a disease affects someone, it causes them to become ill.

- Arthritis is a crippling disease which affects people all over the world.

VB
= afflict

3. affect affects affecting affected
If something or someone affects you, they make you feel a strong emotion, especially sadness or pity.

- If Jim had been more independent, the divorce would not have affected him as deeply.

- Gregor loved his sister, and her loss clearly still affects him.

VB

4. affect affects affecting affected
If you affect a particular characteristic or way of behaving, you pretend that it is genuine, or natural for you. (LITERARY)

- He listened to them, affecting an amused interest.

- Ms. Redgrave affects a heavy Italian accent.

VB

affected

affected
If you describe someone's behaviour as affected , you disapprove of the fact that they behave in an unnatural way that is intended to impress other people.

- She passed along with an affected air and a disdainful look.

ADJ: usu ADJ n disapproval
= mannered ≠ genuine

affecting

affecting
If you describe something such as a story or a piece of music as affecting , you think it is good because it makes you feel a strong emotion, especially sadness or pity. (LITERARY)

- One of the most affecting pieces of film shows soldiers standing round a mass grave.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= moving touching

affect

verb

1.

influence

act on

alter

bear upon

change

concern

impinge upon

relate to

2.

move

disturb

overcome

perturb

stir

touch

upset

affect

verb

put on

adopt

aspire to

assume

contrive

feign

imitate

pretend

simulate

affected

adjective

pretended

artificial

contrived

feigned

insincere

mannered

phoney or phony informal

put-on

unnatural

affecting

adjective

moving

pathetic

pitiful

poignant

sad

touching

affectation

[D.J.:ˌæfekˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæfɛkˈteʃən]

n.

假装，装模作样，故弄玄虚

装模作样的言行;矫情

affectation

affectation affectations
If you say that someone's attitude or behaviour is an affectation , you disapprove of the fact that it is not genuine or natural, but is intended to impress other people.

- Although it is long after dark, he is wearing black sunglasses. With anyone else you might think it was an affectation.

- Lawson writes so well: in plain English, without fuss or affectation.

N-VAR disapproval

affectation

noun

pretence

act

artificiality

assumed manners

fa¸cade

insincerity

pose

pretentiousness

show

affection

[D.J.:əˈfekʃən]

[K.K.:əˈfɛkʃən]

n.

喜爱, 爱

〈心〉感情

affection **

1. affection
If you regard someone or something with affection , you like them and are fond of them.

- She thought of him with affection.

- She had developed quite an affection for the place.

- ...trying to win their affection.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for/of n
= love

2. affection affections
Your affections are your feelings of love or fondness for someone.

- The distant object of his affections is Caroline.

- Jack Russell has a special place in the affections of the cricketing public.

- ...her fear of being replaced in his affections.

N-PLURAL: with poss

affection

noun

fondness

attachment

care

feeling

goodwill

kindness

liking

love

tenderness

warmth

affectionate

[D.J.:əˈfekʃənɪt]

[K.K.:əˈfɛkʃənɪt]

adj.

慈爱的,充满深情的,温柔亲切的

affectionately

[əˈfekʃənəth]

adv.

挚爱地,亲切地

affectionate *

1. affectionate
If you are affectionate , you show your love or fondness for another person in the way that you behave towards them.

- They seemed devoted to each other and were openly affectionate.

- She gave me a very long and affectionate hug.

ADJ-GRADED
= loving

2. affectionately

- He looked affectionately at his niece.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= fondly

affectionate

adjective

fond

attached

caring

devoted

doting

friendly

kind

loving

tender

warm-hearted

affidavit

[D.J.:ˌæfɪˈdeɪvɪt]

[K.K.:ˌæfɪˈdevɪt]

n.

<律>宣誓书,(经陈述者宣誓在法律上可采作证据的)书面陈述

affidavit *

affidavit affidavits
An affidavit is a written statement which you swear is true and which may be used as evidence in a court of law. (LEGAL)
N-COUNT

affiliate

[D.J.:əˈfilieit]

[K.K.:əˈfɪliˌet]

vt.

使隶属于, 接纳…为成员

[əˈfiliit]

n.

附属企业

affiliated

[əˈfilieitid]

adj.

附属的,有关连的

affiliate **

1. affiliate affiliates
An affiliate is an organization which is officially connected with another, larger organization or is a member of it. (FORMAL)

- ...twelve companies, including three affiliates of a Texas oil firm...

- The World Chess Federation has affiliates in around 120 countries.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

2. affiliate affiliates affiliating affiliated
If an organization affiliates to or with another larger organization, it forms a close connection with the larger organization or becomes a member of it. (FORMAL)

- All youth groups will have to affiliate to the National Youth Agency.

- The Government will not allow the staff association to affiliate with outside unions.

VB

3. affiliate affiliates affiliating affiliated
If a professional person such as a lawyer or doctor affiliates with an organization, they become officially connected with that organization. (mainly AM, FORMAL)

- He said he wanted to affiliate with a U.S. firm because he needed `expert advice and counsel in legal affairs'.

VB

affiliated *

1. affiliated
If an organization is affiliated with another larger organization, it is officially connected with the larger organization or is a member of it. (FORMAL)

- Their country is not affiliated to the Organisation of African Unity.

- ...the United Nations and its affiliated organisations.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to/with n, ADJ n

2. affiliated
-affiliated combines with nouns to form adjectives that describe which organization something or someone is affiliated to.

- ...church-affiliated schools in Oregon.

COMB in ADJ
= associated

3. affiliated
If a professional person, such as a lawyer or doctor, is affiliated with an organization, they are officially connected with that organization or do some official work for it. (FORMAL)

- He will remain affiliated with the firm as a special associate director.

- ...our affiliated members.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with/to n, ADJ n

affiliate

verb

join

ally

amalgamate

associate

band together

combine

incorporate

link

unite

affiliation

[D.J.:əˌfiliˈeiʃən]

n.

联系;从属关系

附属机构，隶属机构，分公司，分会，分部

接纳，入会，交往，社会交际关系

亲和性，群聚性

亲父鉴定

affiliation *

1. affiliation affiliations
If one group has an affiliation with another group, it has a close or official connection with it. (FORMAL)

- The group has no affiliation to any political party.

- The officer cited the federation's rule on affiliation.

N-VAR: oft N with/to n

2. affiliation affiliations
If you have an affiliation with a group or another person, you have a close or official connection with them. (FORMAL)

- ...Johnson's affiliation with shoe company Nike...

- They asked what her political affiliations were.

N-VAR: oft N with/to n

affinity

[D.J.:əˈfɪnɪti:]

[K.K.:əˈfɪnɪti]

n.

(生性)喜爱；(本性)倾向

亲近；(尤指异性)相互吸引；共鸣

(尤指对异性)有吸引力的人；有吸引力的主张(或事物)

密切关系；连接关系

类同，近似，相像

<生>类缘, 亲缘, 类同

<化>亲和性；亲和力

<数>仿射性

affinity *

1. affinity
If you have an affinity with someone or something, you feel that you are similar to them or that you know and understand them very well.

- He has a close affinity with the landscape he knew when he was growing up.

- There is a natural affinity between British and Asian women.

N-SING: also no det, with supp

2. affinity affinities
If people or things have an affinity with each other, they are similar in some ways. (FORMAL)

- The two plots share certain obvious affinities.

N-COUNT
= similarity

affinity

noun

1.

attraction

fondness

inclination

leaning

liking

partiality

rapport

sympathy

2.

similarity

analogy

closeness

connection

correspondence

kinship

likeness

relationship

resemblance

affinity card

affinity card affinity cards
An affinity card is a type of credit card. The bank which issues the card gives a small amount of money to a charity or institution each time the customer spends a certain amount with their card.
N-COUNT

affirm

[D.J.:əˈfə:m]

[K.K.:əˈfɚm]

vt. & vi.

断言; 证实

affirmation

[D.J.:ˌæfəˈmeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæfɚˈmeʃən]

n.

肯定；确认

证实；批准

<律>(不经宣誓而作的)证词

affirm **

1. affirm affirms affirming affirmed
If you affirm that something is true or that something exists, you state firmly and publicly that it is true or exists. (FORMAL)

- The European Community has repeatedly affirmed that it's in agreement with the Americans on this point.

- ...a speech in which he affirmed a commitment to lower taxes...

- `This place is a dump,' affirmed Miss T.

VB
= assert

2. affirmation affirmations

- After the meeting, the ministers issued a robust affirmation of their faith in the European Monetary System.

N-VAR

3. affirm affirms affirming affirmed
If an event affirms something, it shows that it is true or exists. (FORMAL)

- Everything I had accomplished seemed to affirm that opinion.

VB
= confirm

4. affirmation

- The high turnout was an eloquent affirmation of the importance that the voters attached to the election.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

affirm

verb

declare

assert

certify

confirm

maintain

pronounce

state

swear

testify

affirmation

noun

declaration

assertion

certification

confirmation

oath

pronouncement

statement

testimony

affirmative

[D.J.:əˈfɜ:mətɪv]

[K.K.:əˈfə..mətɪv]

adj.

肯定的

(对辩论问题)表示赞成的，认可的

(态度、方法等)积极的，正面的

乐观的，抱有希望的

敢说的；自信的；确信的

<逻辑>(命题)肯定的，断言的

n.

肯定词；肯定语；肯定表达法

<逻辑>肯定命题；肯定的陈述

(the ～)<美加>(投票或辩论中)赞成的一方

in the affirmative

表示赞成，以肯定方式

作肯定回答，说“是”

take the affirmative

(在辩论时)站在赞成的一方

affirmatively

adv.

affirmativeness

n.

affirmatively

adv.

肯定地

affirmative *

1. affirmative
An affirmative word or gesture indicates that you agree with what someone has said or that the answer to a question is `yes'. (FORMAL)

- Haig was desperately eager for an affirmative answer.

- Dr Sinclair's affirmative nod seemed a shade reluctant.

ADJ
≠ negative

2. affirmatively

- `Is that clear?' Bob nodded his head affirmatively.

ADV: ADV with v

3. affirmative
If you reply to a question in the affirmative , you say `yes' or make a gesture that means `yes'. (FORMAL)

- He asked me if I was ready. I answered in the affirmative.

PHR: PHR after v
≠ in the negative

4. affirmative
In grammar, an affirmative clause is positive and does not contain a negative word.
ADJ
≠ negative

affirmative

adjective

agreeing

approving

assenting

concurring

confirming

consenting

corroborative

favourable

positive

affirmative action *

affirmative action
Affirmative action is the policy of giving jobs and other opportunities to members of groups such as racial minorities or women who might not otherwise have them. (AM; in BRIT use positive discrimination )
N-UNCOUNT

affix

[D.J.:əˈfɪks]

[K.K.:əˈfɪks]

vt.

粘贴

附加；加(附言)，附上(签名等)，(尤指在末尾)添上

盖(印章)；(在邮票上)盖(邮戳)

加以，把…加在(某人)头上，把(责备、罪责、嘲笑等)加诸

n.

[D.J.:ˈæfɪks]

[K.K.:ˈæfɪks]

附加物，添加物，添加剂

附件，附录

<语法>词缀

affixal

adj.

affixial

adj.

affixable

adj.

affixment

n.

affixal

词缀的

affix

1. affix affixes affixing affixed
If you affix one thing to another, you stick it or attach it to the other thing. (FORMAL)

- Complete the form and affix four tokens to its back.

- I covered the scroll in sealing wax, and affixed a red ribbon.

- ...special storage racks affixed to the sides of buses.

VB

2. affix affixes
An affix is a letter or group of letters, for example `un-' or `-y', which is added to either the beginning or the end of a word to form a different word with a different meaning. For example, `un-' is added to `kind' to form `unkind'. Compare prefix and suffix .
N-COUNT

afflict

[D.J.:əˈflikt]

[K.K.:əˈflɪkt]

vt.

使受痛苦, 折磨

afflicting

痛苦的

afflict *

1. afflict afflicts afflicting afflicted
If you are afflicted by pain, illness, or disaster, it affects you badly and makes you suffer. (FORMAL)

- Italy has been afflicted by political corruption for decades.

- There are two main problems which afflict people with hearing impairments.

- The afflicted person should keep off solid foods and drink plenty of fluids.

VB
= affect

2. afflict
The afflicted are people who are afflicted.

- It is food that the afflicted want now.

N-PLURAL: the N

afflict

verb

torment

distress

grieve

harass

hurt

oppress

pain

plague

trouble

affliction

[D.J.:əˈflɪkʃən]

[K.K.:əˈflɪkʃən]

n.

苦恼,折磨

灾难，祸害，不幸的事，痛苦的事

苦恼的原因

<天>受克星体

afflictionless

adj.

affliction *

affliction afflictions
An affliction is something which causes physical or mental suffering. (FORMAL)

- Hay fever is an affliction which arrives at an early age.

- ...the afflictions of modern society.

N-VAR
= misfortune

affliction

noun

suffering

adversity

curse

disease

hardship

misfortune

ordeal

plague

scourge

torment

trial

trouble

woe

affluence

[D.J.:ˈæflu:əns, əˈflu:-]

[K.K.:ˈæfluəns, əˈflu-]

n.

富裕

(常作 a ～)丰富，充裕，大量

流入，注入，涌进，汇聚

affluence

affluence
Affluence is the state of having a lot of money or a high standard of living. (FORMAL)

- The postwar era was one of new affluence for the working class.

N-UNCOUNT
= prosperity ≠ poverty

affluence

noun

wealth

abundance

fortune

opulence

plenty

prosperity

riches

affluent

[D.J.:ˈæfluənt]

[K.K.:ˈæfluənt, əˈflu-]

adj.

富裕的, 富足的

affluent *

1. affluent
If you are affluent , you have a lot of money.

- Cigarette smoking used to be commoner among affluent people.

- ...the affluent neighborhoods of Malibu.

ADJ-GRADED
= prosperous wealthy ≠ poor

2. affluent
The affluent are people who are affluent.

- The diet of the affluent has not changed much over the decades.

N-PLURAL: the N

affluent

adjective

wealthy

loaded slang

moneyed

opulent

prosperous

rich

well-heeled informal

well-off

well-to-do

afford

[D.J.:əˈfɔ:d]

[K.K.:əˈfɔrd, əˈford]

vt.

买得起, 担负得起

提供, 给予

afford ***

1. afford affords affording afforded
If you cannot afford something, you do not have enough money to pay for it.

- My parents can't even afford a new refrigerator.

- The arts should be available to more people at prices they can afford.

- We couldn't afford to buy a new rug.

VB

2. afford affords affording afforded
If you say that you cannot afford to do something or allow it to happen, you mean that you must not do it or must prevent it from happening because it would be harmful or embarrassing to you.

- We can't afford to wait.

- The country could not afford the luxury of an election.

VB

3. afford affords affording afforded
If someone or something affords you an opportunity or protection, they give it to you. (FORMAL)

- This affords us the opportunity to ask questions about how the systems might change.

- It was a cold room, but it afforded a fine view of the Old City.

- ...the protection afforded by the police.

VB

afford

verb

can afford

1.

spare

bear

manage

stand

sustain

2.

give

offer

produce

provide

render

supply

yield

affordability

可购性

affordable

[D.J.:əˈfɔ:dəbəl, əˈfəʊr-]

[K.K.:əˈfɔrdəbəl, əˈfor-]

adj.

付得起的, 不太昂贵的

affordably

adv.

不太昂贵地

affordable *

1. affordable
If something is affordable , most people have enough money to buy it.

- ...the availability of affordable housing...

- The company makes wearable, beautifully cut clothes at affordable prices

ADJ-GRADED

2. affordability

- ...research into homelessness and housing affordability.

- ...the affordability of highly sophisticated weapons.

N-UNCOUNT

affordable

adjective

inexpensive

cheap

economical

low-cost

moderate

modest

reasonable

afforestation

[əˌfɔrisˈteiʃən]

n.

造林,造林地区

afforestation

afforestation
Afforestation is the process of planting large numbers of trees on land which has few or no trees on it.

- Since the Sixties, afforestation has changed the Welsh countryside.

N-UNCOUNT

affray

[D.J.:əˈfrei]

[K.K.:əˈfre]

n.

(尤指在公共场所的)吵架,打架

affray

affray
An affray is a noisy and violent fight, especially in a public place. (FORMAL)

- Barnstaple crown court was told he caused an affray at a pub in Braunton, Devon.

- They were convicted of affray and received community service sentences.

N-SING: also no det
= disorder

affront

[D.J.:əˈfrʌnt]

[K.K.:əˈfrʌnt]

n.

(当众)侮辱,(故意)冒犯

vt.

(当众)侮辱, (故意)冒犯

勇敢地面对，泰然面对

<古>相遇，迎面碰到，与…相对

affronter

n.

affronted

adj.

被侮辱的,被冒犯的

affront *

1. affront affronts affronting affronted
If something affronts you, you feel insulted and hurt because of it. (FORMAL)

- One recent example, which particularly affronted Kasparov, was at the European team championship in Hungary.

VB

2. affronted

- He pretended to be affronted, but inwardly he was pleased.

- Reggie reacted with the same affronted horror Midge had felt.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

3. affront affronts
If something is an affront to you, it is an obvious insult to you.

- It's an affront to human dignity to keep someone alive like this.

- She has taken my enquiry as a personal affront.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N to n
= insult

affront

noun

1.

insult

offence

outrage

provocation

slap in the face informal

slight

slur

verb

2.

offend

anger

annoy

displease

insult

outrage

provoke

slight

Afghan

[D.J.:ˈæfɡæn]

[K.K.:ˈæfˌɡæn, -ɡən]

n.

阿富汗人; 阿富汗语;阿富汗毛毯

adj.

阿富汗的,阿富汗人的

Afghan ***

1. Afghan
Afghan means belonging or relating to Afghanistan, or to its people or language.

- ...the Afghan capital, Kabul.

ADJ

2. Afghan Afghans
An Afghan is a person who comes from Afghanistan.
N-COUNT

aficionado

[D.J.:əˌfɪʃi:əˈnɑ:dəʊ, əˌfɪsi:-, əˌfi:si:-]

[K.K.:əˌfɪʃiəˈnɑdo, əˌfɪsi-, əˌfisi-]

n.

<西>酷爱…者；…迷

<西>

afield

[D.J.:əˈfi:ld]

[K.K.:əˈfild]

adj.& adv.

远离着(家乡)(的)

偏离着(的);离题(的)

在战场上;上战场

在野外；去野外

到处；各处；广泛地(的)

aficionado *

1. aficionado aficionados
If someone is an aficionado of something, they like it and know a lot about it.

- I happen to be an aficionado of the opera and symphony, and I love art museums.

- You are obviously a jazz aficionado.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n
= buff

2. afield
Further afield or farther afield means in places or areas other than the nearest or most obvious one.

- They enjoy participating in a wide variety of activities, both locally and further afield.

- You are not allowed to bring plants in from further afield without a licence.

PHR: oft from PHR

3. afield
If someone comes from far afield , they come from a long way away.

- Many of those arrested came from far afield.

PHR: oft from PHR

afire

[D.J.:əˈfaɪə]

[K.K.:əˈfaɪr]

adj. & adv.

燃烧着的(地)

炽烈的(地)，沸腾的(地)

激动的(地)，充满热情的(地)

afire

1. afire
If something is afire or is set afire , it is on fire or looks as if it is on fire.

- The houses were set afire but there were only minor injuries to seven personnel.

- The sun has already set, leaving the sky afire with orange and green light.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, v n ADJ
= alight

2. afire
If someone is afire with emotion, they are extremely enthusiastic and excited about something. (LITERARY)

- All Dan's senses were afire.

- Sydney is afire with Olympic enthusiasm.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n

aflame

[D.J.:əˈfleɪm]

[K.K.:əˈflem]

adj.

燃烧着的(地)

红似火的(地)

炽烈的(地)，兴奋的(地)，殷切的(地)，激动的(地)

aflame

1. aflame
If something is on fire, you can say it is aflame . (LITERARY)

- Hundreds of tightly rolled newspapers were set aflame among the 50,000 crowd.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, v n ADJ
= alight ablaze

2. aflame
If you say that something is aflame , you mean it is filled with light or colour. (LITERARY)

- The shop windows were aflame with Christmas lights.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n
= aglow

aflame

adjective

burning

ablaze

alight

blazing

fiery

flaming

lit

on fire

afloat

[D.J.:əˈfləʊt]

[K.K.:əˈflot]

adj. & adv.

浮在水面(的)

在船上(的);在海上(的)

漂流着的

浸满水的

漂浮不定, (计划等)尚未定案

在流传中的

未处于绝境地, 幸存地

afloat *

1. afloat
If someone or something is afloat , they remain partly above the surface of water and do not sink.

- They talked modestly of their valiant efforts to keep the tanker afloat.

- Three hours is a long time to try to stay afloat in these conditions.

ADV: usu ADV after v, also v-link ADV, n ADV

2. afloat
If a person, business, or country stays afloat or is kept afloat , they have just enough money to pay their debts and continue operating.

- A number of efforts were being made to keep the company afloat.

- They are borrowing just to stay afloat, not for investment.

ADV: usu ADV after v, also v-link ADV, n ADV
= solvent viable

afoot

[D.J.:əˈfʊt]

[K.K.:əˈfʊt]

adj. & adv.

不对劲的(地)

正在进行的(地)

徒步的(地)，步行的(地)

活动着的(地)，动起来的(地)，轰动起来的(地)，骚动起来的(地)

afoot *

afoot
If you say that a plan or scheme is afoot , it is already happening or being planned, but you do not know much about it.

- Everybody knew that something awful was afoot.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

afoot

adverb

going on

abroad

brewing

current

happening

in preparation

in progress

on the go informal

up informal

aforementioned

[D.J.:əˈfɔ:ˌmenʃənd, əˈfəʊr-]

[K.K.:əˈfɔrˌmɛnʃənd, əˈfor-]

adj.

前面提到的,上述的

aforementioned *

aforementioned
If you refer to the aforementioned person or subject, you mean the person or subject that has already been mentioned. (FORMAL)

- This is the draft of a declaration that will be issued at the end of the aforementioned UN conference.

ADJ: det ADJ, usu the ADJ n
= aforesaid

aforesaid

[D.J.:əˈfɔ:sed]

[K.K.:əˈfɔrˌsɛd, əˈfor-]

adj.

上述的,前述的(常用于法律文件)

aforesaid

aforesaid
Aforesaid means the same as aforementioned . (FORMAL)

- ...the aforesaid organizations and institutions.

ADJ: det ADJ, usu the ADJ n
= aforementioned

afoul

[D.J.:əˈfaʊl]

[K.K.:əˈfaʊl]

adv.&adj.

冲撞着(的);纠缠着(的)

run afoul of sth.

(与法律、规章等)相抵触、有冲突

(船)与…相撞

fall afoul of sth.

(与法律、规章等)相抵触、有冲突

(船)与…相撞

afoul

afoul
If you run afoul of someone or something, you do something which causes problems with them. (AM)

- ...an otherwise law-abiding citizen who, if left to his own devices, would never have run afoul of the law.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= fall foul of

afraid

[D.J.:əˈfreid]

[K.K.:əˈfred]

adj.

害怕的, 恐惧的

担忧, 忧虑

afraid ***

1. afraid
If you are afraid of someone or afraid to do something, you are frightened because you think that something very unpleasant is going to happen to you.

- She did not seem at all afraid.

- I was afraid of the other boys.

- I'm still afraid to sleep in my own bedroom.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ of n, ADJ to-inf
= frightened

2. afraid
If you are afraid for someone else, you are worried that something horrible is going to happen to them.

- She's afraid for her family in Somalia.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ for n

3. afraid
If you are afraid that something unpleasant will happen, you are worried that it may happen and you want to avoid it.

- I was afraid that nobody would believe me.

- The Government is afraid of losing the election.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, ADJ that, ADJ of -ing, ADJ to-inf

4. afraid
If you want to apologize to someone or to disagree with them in a polite way, you can say I'm afraid . (SPOKEN)

- We don't have anything like that, I'm afraid.

- I'm afraid I can't help you.

- `Bad news?' --- `I'm afraid so.'

PHR: PHR with cl, PHR that politeness

afraid

adjective

1.

scared

apprehensive

cowardly

faint-hearted

fearful

frightened

nervous

2.

sorry

regretful

unhappy

afresh

[D.J.:əˈfreʃ]

[K.K.:əˈfrɛʃ]

adv.

重新

afresh

afresh
If you do something afresh , you do it again in a different way.

- They believe that the only hope for the French left is to start afresh.

- Only one expert source seemed prepared to analyse the problem afresh, from first principles.

ADV: ADV after v
= anew

afresh

adverb

again

anew

newly

once again

once more

over again

African

[D.J.:ˈæfrɪkən]

[K.K.:ˈæfrɪkən]

adj.

非洲的, 非洲人的, 非洲语言的,非洲文化的，非洲生活方式的

(非洲)黑人的

来自非洲的

n.

非洲人；非洲居民

(非洲)黑人

African ****

1. African
African means belonging or relating to the continent of Africa, or to its countries or people.

- ...the African continent...

- Some African countries have also expressed the wish to participate.

ADJ

2. African
African means belonging or relating to black people who come from Africa.

- ...traditional African culture.

- ...dance music with African roots.

ADJ

3. African
African is used to describe someone, usually a black person, who comes from Africa.

- ...African women.

ADJ

4. African Africans
An African is someone who is African.

- Fish is a staple in the diet of many Africans.

N-COUNT

African-American

1. African-American African-Americans
African-Americans are black people living in the United States who are descended from families that originally came from Africa.

- Today African-Americans are 12 percent of the population.

N-COUNT

2. African-American
Also an adjective.

- ...a group of African-American community leaders.

ADJ

African-Caribbean

1. African-Caribbean
African-Caribbean refers to people from the Caribbean whose ancestors came from Africa.

- ...modern African-Caribbean culture.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. African-Caribbean African-Caribbeans
An African-Caribbean is someone who is African-Caribbean.
N-COUNT

Afrikaans

[D.J.:ˌæfriˈkɑ:ns]

[K.K.:ˌæfrɪˈkɑns, -ˈkɑnz]

n.

南非的公用荷兰语

adj.

(使用)南非荷兰语的,南非白人的

Afrikaans

Afrikaans
Afrikaans is one of the official languages of South Africa.

- ...a radical Afrikaans newspaper.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

Afrikaner

[D.J.:ˌæfriˈkɑ:nə]

[K.K.:ˌæfrɪˈkɑnɚ]

n.

南非白人,布尔人(指南非的荷兰人等欧洲移民的后裔)

Afrikaner

1. Afrikaner
Afrikaner means belonging or relating to the white people in South Africa whose ancestors were Dutch.

- They called him a traitor to his Afrikaner people.

ADJ

2. Afrikaner Afrikaners
An Afrikaner is someone who is Afrikaner.
N-COUNT

Afro

[D.J.:ˈæfrəu]

[K.K.:ˈæfro]

n.

Afros 非洲式发型

Afro *

1. Afro
Afro hair is very tightly curled and sticks out all around your head.
ADJ

2. Afro Afros
An Afro is an Afro hairstyle.
N-COUNT

Afro-

[D.J.:ˈæfrəu]

[K.K.:ˈæfro]

pref.

表“非洲的,非洲以及…的”之义

Afro-

Afro-
Afro- is used to form adjectives and nouns that describe something that is connected with Africa.

- ...very well known Afro-American family.

- ...an Afro-centric fashion show.

COMB in ADJ and N-COUNT

Afro-Caribbean

[D.J.:ˌæfrəʊˌkærəˈbi:ən, -kəˈrɪbi:ən]

[K.K.:ˌæfroˌkærəˈbiən, -kəˈrɪbiən]

adj.

加勒比黑人的

Afro-Caribbean *

1. Afro-Caribbean
Afro-Caribbean refers to people from the Caribbean whose ancestors came from Africa.

- ...Britain's Afro-Caribbean community.

ADJ

2. Afro-Caribbean Afro-Caribbeans
An Afro-Caribbean is someone who is Afro-Caribbean.
N-COUNT

aft

[D.J.:æft]

[K.K.:æft]

adv.

在(船或飞行器)尾部；靠(船或飞行器)尾部；在(船或飞行器)尾部

adj.

aft *

1. aft
If you go aft in a boat or plane, you go to the back of it. If you are aft , you are in the back.

- Clark shook hands with the pilot and walked aft to find his way off the ship.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, oft ADV of n
≠ fore

2. aft
The aft end on a boat or plane is towards the back of it.

- Getting into the aft cabin involves a slight step down from saloon level.

ADJ: ADJ n

after

[D.J.:ˈɑ:ftə]

[K.K.:ˈæftɚ]

prep.

(表示时间)在…以后

(表示位置、顺序)在…后面

(表示原因)由于, 鉴于

(表示条件)与…一致; 符合

(表示方式)像, 仿照

(表示依据)以…之名命名

(表示论及)关于; 涉及

(表示目标)追求, 追寻

(表示让步)尽管, 仍然

conj.

在…以后

adv.

以后, 继后

after *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, after is used in phrasal verbs such as `ask after', `look after', and `take after'.)

1. after
If something happens after a particular date or event, it happens during the period of time that follows that date or event.

- After 19 May, strikes were occurring on a daily basis.

- After breakfast Amy ordered the local taxi to take her to the station.

- It wasn't until after Christmas that I met Paul.

PREP
≠ before

2. after
Also a conjunction.

- After Don told me this, he spoke of his mother.

- Marina cared for him after he seriously injured his eye several years ago.

CONJ-SUBORD

3. after
If you do one thing after doing another, you do it during the period of time that follows the other thing.

- After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope provided.

- ...women who have changed their mind after deciding not to have children...

- After flying from Los Angeles to London, allow four full days to adjust.

PREP: PREP -ing
≠ before

4. after
You use after when you are talking about time. For example, if something is going to happen during the day after or the weekend after a particular time, it is going to happen during the following day or during the following weekend.

- She's leaving the day after tomorrow.

- ...the party's annual conference, to be held the week after next.

PREP: n PREP n

5. after
Also an adverb.

- Tomorrow. Or the day after.

ADV: ADV after v

6. after
If you go after someone, you follow or chase them.

- Alice said to Gina, `Why don't you go after him, he's your son.'

- ...people who were after him for large amounts of money.

PREP

7. after
If you are after something, you are trying to get it.

- They were after the money.

- I did eventually find what I was after.

PREP

8. after
If you call, shout, or stare after someone, you call, shout, or stare at them as they move away from you.

- `Come back!' he called after me.

- Claire stared after him until he disappeared around a corner.

PREP

9. after
If you do something after someone, you do it for them, because they cannot or will not do it for themselves.

- She used to mess up the floor and I had to clean up after her.

PREP
= for

10. after
If you tell someone that one place is a particular distance after another, you mean that it is situated beyond the other place and further away from you.

- Seven kilometres after the sharp bends and before the village of Piccione, turn right to Montelabate.

PREP
= past ≠ before

11. after
If one thing is written after another thing on a page, it is written following it or underneath it.

- I wrote my name after Penny's at the bottom of the page.

PREP
= following

12. after
You use after in order to give the most important aspect of something when comparing it with another aspect.

- After Germany, America is Britain's second-biggest customer.

- Methane is often regarded as the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide.

PREP

13. after
To be named after someone means to be given the same name as them. (BRIT; in AM use for )

- Phillimore Island is named after Sir Robert Phillimore.

- He persuaded Virginia to name the baby after him.

PREP

14. after
If you say ` after you ' to someone, you are being polite and allowing them to go in front of you or through a doorway before you do.

- `After you.' --- `Not at all, Mr Bird, after you.'

CONVENTION politeness

15. after
After is used when telling the time. If it is, for example, ten after six , the time is ten minutes past six. (AM)
PREP
= before

16. after
If you do something to several things one after the other or one after another , you do it to one, then the next, and so on, with no break between your actions.

- Sybil ate three ginger biscuits, one after the other, greedily.

- Caroline was trying on one outfit after another.

PHR

17. after
If something happens day after day or year after year , it happens every day or every year, for a long time.

- I waited for news, day after day, expecting to hear.

- ...people who'd been coming here year after year.

PHR

after

adverb

following

afterwards

behind

below

later

subsequently

succeeding

thereafter

after-

after-
After- is added to nouns to form adjectives which indicate that something takes place or exists after an event or process.

- ...an after-dinner speech.

- ...a delicious after-show supper at a restaurant in Gerard Street...

- After-tax profit fell by 28 percent.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n
≠ pre-

after-care

n.

病后护理和治疗

after-care

after-care
After-care is the nursing and care of people who have been treated in hospital, and who are now recovering.

- As part of the treatment, he attended 15 weeks of after-care.

- Mr Lloyd specialised in after-care services.

N-UNCOUNT also after care

after-effect

after-effect after-effects
The after-effects of an event, experience, or substance are the conditions which result from it.

- ...people still suffering from the after-effects of the world's worst nuclear accident...

- He was suffering from shock as well as the after-effects of drugs.

N-COUNT: usu pl (AM) aftereffect

afterglow

[D.J.:ˈɑ:ftəɡləu]

[K.K.:ˈæftɚˌɡlo]

n.

晚霞,夕照

afterglow

1. afterglow
The afterglow is the glow that remains after a light has gone, for example after the sun has gone down. (LITERARY)

- The clifftops glowed with the light of the sunset's afterglow.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

2. afterglow
You can refer to the good feeling or effects that remain after an event as the afterglow .

- In the afterglow of agreement, the negotiators blithely say such details can be worked out later.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

after-hours *

after-hours
You use after-hours to describe activities which happen after the end of the usual time for them.

- An attempt by a high court judge to get an after-hours drink led to his arrest.

- In after-hours trading, shares surged by another estimated 30 points or more.

ADJ: ADJ n

afterlife

[D.J.:ˈæftəˌlaɪf]

[K.K.:ˈæftɚˌlaɪf]

n.

<宗>来世;来生

余生，晚年，下半生，后半生

afterlife

afterlife afterlives
The afterlife is a life that some people believe begins when you die, for example a life in heaven or as another person or animal.
N-COUNT: usu sing also after-life

aftermath

[D.J.:ˈɑ:ftəmæθ]

[K.K.:ˈæftɚˌmæθ]

n.

后果

aftermath **

aftermath
The aftermath of an important event, especially a harmful one, is the situation that results from it.

- In the aftermath of the coup, the troops opened fire on the demonstrators.

- During the Soviet era and its immediate aftermath, the region was officially known as `Middle Asia and Kazakhstan'.

N-SING: with supp, oft the N of n

aftermath

noun

effects

aftereffects

consequences

end result

outcome

results

sequel

upshot

wake

afternoon

[D.J.:ˌɑ:ftəˈnu:n]

[K.K.:ˌæftɚˈnun]

n.

下午

afternoons

[ˌɑ:ftəˈnu:nz]

adv.

经常在下午发生,每天下午

afternoon ****

afternoon afternoons
The afternoon is the part of each day which begins at lunchtime and ends at about six o'clock.

- He's arriving in the afternoon.

- He had stayed in his room all afternoon.

- ...an afternoon news conference.

N-VAR

afternoon tea

afternoon tea afternoon teas
Afternoon tea is a small meal you can have in the afternoon. It includes a cup of tea and food such as sandwiches and cakes. (BRIT)
N-VAR

after-school *

after-school
After-school activities are those that are organized for children in the afternoon or evening after they have finished school.

- ...an after-school childcare scheme.

ADJ: ADJ n

aftershave

[D.J.:ˈæftəˌʃeɪv]

[K.K.:ˈæftɚˌʃev]

n.

须后水

aftershave

aftershave aftershaves
Aftershave is a liquid with a pleasant smell that men sometimes put on their faces after shaving.
N-MASS also after-shave
= cologne

aftershock

[D.J.:ˈɑ:ftəʃɔk]

[K.K.:ˈæftɚˌʃɑk]

n.

余震

aftershock

1. aftershock aftershocks
Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes which occur after a large earthquake.
N-COUNT

2. aftershock aftershocks
People sometimes refer to the effects of an important event, especially a bad one, as the aftershock . (mainly JOURNALISM)

- They were already under stress, thanks to the aftershock of last year's drought.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

aftertaste

[D.J.:ˈɑ:ftəteist]

[K.K.:ˈæftɚˌtest]

n.

回味,余韵

aftertaste

aftertaste
An aftertaste is a taste that remains in your mouth after you have finished eating or drinking something.
N-SING: usu with supp also after-taste

afterthought

[D.J.:ˈæftəˌθɔ:t]

[K.K.:ˈæftɚˌθɔt]

n.

事后的考虑或想法

事后聪明，马后炮；事后再想起

后来添加的东西；事后想到的事物

afterthought

afterthought afterthoughts
If you do or say something as an afterthought , you do or say it after something else as an addition, perhaps without careful thought.

- Almost as an afterthought he added that he missed her.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu a N

afterwards

[ˈɑ:ftəwədz]

adv.

然后,后来地

afterwards ***

afterwards
If you do something or if something happens afterwards , you do it or it happens after a particular event or time that has already been mentioned.

- Shortly afterwards, police arrested four suspects.

- James was taken to hospital but died soon afterwards.

- Not long afterward she received five calls in one day.

ADV: ADV with cl The form afterward is also used, mainly in American English

afterword

[D.J.:ˈɑ:ftəwə:d]

[K.K.:ˈæftɚˌwɚd]

n.

编后记

afterword

afterword
An afterword is a short essay at the end of a book, usually written by the author.
N-SING

again

[D.J.:əˈɡen, əˈɡein]

[K.K.:əˈɡɛn]

adv.

再(次), 又(一次)

此外, 另一方面

反响, 反应

again *****

1. again
You use again to indicate that something happens a second time, or after it has already happened before.

- He kissed her again.

- Again there was a short silence.

- I don't ever want to go through anything like that again.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV with cl

2. again
You use again to indicate that something is now in a particular state or place that it used to be in.

- He opened his attach´e-case, removed a folder, then closed it again.

- I started to feel good about myself again.

ADV: ADV after v

3. again
You can use again when you want to point out that there is a similarity between the subject that you are talking about now and a previous subject.

- Again the pregnancy was very similar to my previous two.

- With the new artists, you see a more dynamic stage show than you used to see. And again, that's probably part of the progress of technology.

ADV: ADV cl

4. again
You can use again in expressions such as but again , then again , and there again when you want to introduce a remark which contrasts with or weakens something that you have just said.

- You may be happy to buy imitation leather, and then again, you may wonder what you're getting for your money.

- They may, but there again they may not.

ADV: ADV with cl

5. again
You can add again to the end of your question when you are asking someone to tell you something that you have forgotten or that they have already told you. (SPOKEN)

- Sorry, what's your name again?.

ADV: cl ADV

6. again
You use again in expressions such as half as much again when you are indicating how much greater one amount is than another amount that you have just mentioned or are about to mention.

- 40% of the state's general fund has to go to education. Nearly as much again is mandated to various health and welfare programmes.

- Sherry is half as strong again as table wine.

ADV: amount ADV

7. again
You can use again and again or time and again to emphasize that something happens many times.

- He would go over his work again and again until he felt he had it right.

- Time and again political parties have failed to tackle this issue.

PHR: usu PHR after v emphasis
= repeatedly

again

adverb

1.

once more

afresh

anew

another time

2.

also

besides

furthermore

in addition

moreover

against

[D.J.:əˈɡenst, əˈɡeinst]

[K.K.:əˈɡɛnst]

prep.

(表示方向)与…方向相反, 逆着, 迎着, 顶着

(表示方位)紧靠着…, 倚靠着…

(表示对象)对…不利, 对…有害; 和…碰撞, 与…撞击; 预防, 以…为抵御对象; 以…为竞争对手; 违反, 违背

(表示目的)为…做准备, 防备…之用

(表示态度)反对, 反抗

(表示依据)以…为标准

以…兑换, 以…交换

(表示对比)和…比, 和…对照; 以…为背景

against *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, against is used in phrasal verbs such as `come up against', `guard against', and `hold against'.)

1. against
If one thing is leaning or pressing against another, it is touching it.

- She leaned against him.

- On a table pushed against a wall there were bottles of beer and wine.

- ...the rain beating against the window panes.

PREP

2. against
If you are against something such as a plan, policy, or system, you think it is wrong, bad, or stupid.

- Taxes are unpopular -- it is understandable that voters are against them.

- Joan was very much against commencing drug treatment.

- ...a march to protest against job losses.

PREP
≠ in favour of for

3. against
Also an adverb.

- The vote for the suspension of the party was 283 in favour with 29 against.

ADV: ADV after v

4. against
If you compete against someone in a game, you try to beat them.

- The tour will include games against the Australian Barbarians.

- Billy Hardy has pulled out of his second fight against Noel Carroll after a training accident.

PREP

5. against
If you take action against someone or something, you try to harm them.

- Security forces are still using violence against opponents of the government.

- ...an upsurge in racism against immigrants...

- The demonstration itself was against the Government's new Community Charge.

PREP

6. against
If you take action against a possible future event, you try to prevent it.

- Experts have been discussing how to improve the fight against crime.

- They are arguing against hospital closures.

- I must warn you against raising your hopes.

PREP

7. against
If you do something against someone's wishes, advice, or orders, you do not do what they want you to do or tell you to do.

- He didn't want to go against the wishes of the German government.

- He discharged himself from hospital against the advice of doctors.

PREP

8. against
If you do something in order to protect yourself against something unpleasant or harmful, you do something which will make its effects on you less serious if it happens.

- Any business needs insurance against ordinary risks such as fire, flood, and breakage.

- It has been claimed that wine helps protect against heart disease.

PREP

9. against
If you have something against someone or something, you dislike them.

- Have you got something against women, Les?.

- I have nothing against foreigners.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

10. against
If something is against the law or against the rules, there is a law or a rule which says that you must not do it.

- It is against the law to detain you against your will for any length of time.

- We thought cheating was against the rules.

PREP

11. against
If you are moving against a current, tide, or wind, you are moving in the opposite direction to it.

- ...swimming upstream against the current...

- They were going to sail around the little island, against the tide.

PREP
≠ with

12. against
If something happens or is considered against a particular background of events, it is considered in relation to those events, because those events are relevant to it.

- The Pope has sent a message appealing for unity in his homeland, against a background of divisions in the Solidarity movement.

- The profits rise was achieved against a backdrop of falling metal prices.

PREP

13. against
If something is measured or valued against something else, it is measured or valued by comparing it with the other thing.

- Our policies have to be judged against a clear test: will it improve the standard of education?.

- Check the operator's productivity against agreed targets.

- The US dollar is down against most foreign currencies today.

PREP

14. against
If you discuss a particular set of facts or figures as against another set, you are comparing or contrasting the two sets of facts or figures.

- Only about 60% of voters were firm in their intention at the start of the campaign, as against 80% before.

PHR

15. against
The odds against something happening are the chances or odds that it will not happen.

- The odds against him surviving are incredible.

PREP: n PREP
≠ for

16. against
Also an adverb.

- What were the odds against?

ADV: n ADV
≠ for

against

preposition

1.

beside

abutting

facing

in contact with

on

opposite to

touching

upon

2.

opposed to

anti informal

averse to

hostile to

in defiance of

in opposition to

resisting

versus

3.

in preparation for

in anticipation of

in expectation of

in provision for

agape

[D.J.:əˈɡeip]

[K.K.:əˈɡep, əˈɡæp]

adv.

张口发呆地,目瞪口呆地

agape

agape
If you describe someone as having their mouth agape , their mouth is open very wide, often because they are very surprised by something. (WRITTEN)

- She stood looking at Carmen with her mouth agape.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

agate

[D.J.:ˈægɪt]

[K.K.:ˈæɡɪt]

n.

玛瑙

<美> (小孩玩的)玛瑙纹玩具弹子

玛瑙制(或装有玛瑙的)工具

<美><印>5.5磅铅字

agate

agate agates
Agate is a very hard stone which is used to make jewellery.
N-VAR

age

[D.J.:eidʒ]

[K.K.:edʒ]

n.

年龄, 年纪

老年, 老

时代, 时期

vt. & vi.

(使)长大, 变老

aged

[D.J.:ˈeɪdʒɪd]

[K.K.:ˈedʒɪd]

adj.

年龄在…岁的

极老的, 年老的，年迈的

老年人特有的，表示老年特征的

(食品、酒等)陈年的，陈的，变陈的

(牲畜)长成的

agedness

n.

agedness

n.

老年,高龄

aging

[D.J.:ˈeidʒiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈedʒɪŋ]

n.

老化,老龄化，成熟的过程

v.

使变老

age *****

1. age ages
Your age is the number of years that you have lived.

- She has a nephew who is just ten years of age.

- At the age of sixteen he qualified for a place at the University of Hamburg.

- I admired him for being so confident at his age.

N-VAR The spelling aging is also used, mainly in American English

2. age ages
The age of a thing is the number of years since it was made.

- Everything in the room looks in keeping with the age of the building.

N-VAR The spelling aging is also used, mainly in American English

3. age
Age is the state of being old or the process of becoming older.

- Perhaps he has grown wiser with age.

- This cologne, like wine, improves with age.

- The worst sign of age was in the fabric which looked decidedly ancient.

N-UNCOUNT The spelling aging is also used, mainly in American English
≠ youth

4. age ages aging aged
When someone ages , or when something ages them, they seem much older and less strong or less alert.

- He had always looked so young, but he seemed to have aged in the last few months.

- He was only in his mid-thirties, but already worry had aged him.

V-ERG The spelling aging is also used, mainly in American English

5. age ages aging aged
When food or alcohol is aged or when it ages , it is left to get older before being eaten or drunk, so that it develops a better flavour.

- Balsamic vinegar is aged in wood for at least 10 years and the flavour is wonderful.

- Whisky loses strength as it ages.

V-ERG The spelling aging is also used, mainly in American English

6. age ages
An age is a period in history.

- ...the age of steam and steel.

- ...items of Bronze Age pottery.

N-COUNT: usu with supp The spelling aging is also used, mainly in American English

7. age ages
You can say an age or ages to mean a very long time. (INFORMAL)

- He waited what seemed an age.

- The bus took absolutely ages to arrive.

N-COUNT The spelling aging is also used, mainly in American English
= forever years

8. age
If someone tells you to act your age , they are telling you to behave in a way that is suitable for someone your age, because they think you are behaving in a childish way.
PHR: V inflects The spelling aging is also used, mainly in American English disapproval

9. age
If something comes of age , it reaches an important stage of development and is accepted by a large number of people.

- Recycling is an issue that has come of age in Britain in the last decade.

PHR: V inflects The spelling aging is also used, mainly in American English

10. age
When someone comes of age , they become legally an adult.

- The company was now officially owned by Eddie, but held in trust until he came of age.

PHR: V inflects The spelling aging is also used, mainly in American English

11. age
Someone who is under age is not legally old enough to do something, for example to buy an alcoholic drink.

- Because she was under age, her parents were still responsible for her.

- ...under age smoking.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, PHR n The spelling aging is also used, mainly in American English

aged **

1. aged
You use aged followed by a number to say how old someone is.

- Alan has two children, aged eleven and nine.

ADJ: usu n ADJ num

2. aged
Aged means very old.

- She has an aged parent who's capable of being very difficult.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. aged
You can refer to all people who are very old as the aged .

- The American Society on Aging provides resource services to those dealing with the aged.

N-PLURAL: the N
= the elderly

age

noun

1.

time

date

day(s)

duration

epoch

era

generation

lifetime

period

span

2.

old age

advancing years

decline of life

majority

maturity

senescence

senility

seniority

verb

3.

grow old

decline

deteriorate

mature

mellow

ripen

aged

adjective

old

ancient

antiquated

antique

elderly

getting on

grey

age group *

age group age groups
An age group is the people in a place or organization who were born during a particular period of time, for example all the people aged between 18 and 25.

- ...a style that would appeal to all age groups.

N-COUNT

ageing

[D.J.:ˈeidʒiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈedʒɪŋ]

n.

成熟,变老；老龄化

ageing **

1. ageing
Someone or something that is ageing is becoming older and less healthy or efficient.

- John lives with his ageing mother.

- Ageing aircraft need more frequent safety inspections.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also aging

2. ageing
Ageing is the process of becoming old or becoming worn out.
N-UNCOUNT also aging

ageism

[D.J.:ˈeidʒizəm]

[K.K.:ˈeˌdʒɪzəm]

n.

对老年人的歧视

ageism

ageism
Ageism is unacceptable behaviour that occurs as a result of the belief that older people are of less value than younger people.
N-UNCOUNT disapproval

ageist

ageist
Ageist behaviour is unacceptable behaviour based on the belief that older people are of less value than younger people.

- ...his efforts to find work in the face of ageist bias from employers.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

ageless

[D.J.:ˈeidʒlis]

[K.K.:ˈedʒlɪs]

adj.

不老的,永恒的

ageless

1. ageless
If you describe someone as ageless , you mean that they never seem to look any older. (LITERARY)

- She was rich, beautiful and seemingly ageless.

ADJ

2. ageless
If you describe something as ageless , you mean that it is impossible to tell how old it is, or that it seems to have existed for ever. (LITERARY)

- ...the ageless oceans out of which had emerged the first living things.

ADJ

age limit

age limit age limits
An age limit is the oldest or youngest age at which you are allowed under particular regulations to do something.

- In some cases there is a minimum age limit.

N-COUNT

agency

[D.J.:ˈeidʒənsi]

[K.K.:ˈedʒənsi]

n.

经销处, 代理行

部, 处

agency ****

1. agency agencies
An agency is a business which provides a service on behalf of other businesses.

- We had to hire maids through an agency.

- ...a successful advertising agency.

N-COUNT: oft supp N
See also employment agency , press agency , travel agency .

2. agency agencies
An agency is a government organization responsible for a certain area of administration.

- ...the government agency which monitors health and safety at work in Britain...

- Webster is retiring as head of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

N-COUNT: oft supp N

agency

noun

1.

business

bureau

department

office

organization

2.

medium

activity

means

mechanism

agenda

[D.J.:əˈdʒendə]

[K.K.:əˈdʒɛndə]

n.

议事日程

agenda ***

1. agenda agendas
You can refer to the political issues which are important at a particular time as an agenda .

- Does television set the agenda on foreign policy?.

- Many of the coalition members could have their own political agendas.

- There are signs that the Danish presidency will attempt to put environmental issues high on its agenda.

N-COUNT: with supp
See also hidden agenda .

2. agenda agendas
An agenda is a list of the items that have to be discussed at a meeting.

- This is sure to be an item on the agenda next week.

- High on the agenda of tomorrow's meeting will be the turmoil in Japan.

N-COUNT

agenda

noun Old-fashioned

list

calendar

diary

plan

programme

schedule

timetable

agent

[D.J.:ˈeidʒənt]

[K.K.:ˈedʒənt]

n.

代理人, 代理商; 经纪人

作用者, 原动力, 动因; 作用剂

agent ****

1. agent agents
An agent is a person who looks after someone else's business affairs or does business on their behalf.

- You are buying direct, rather than through an agent.

- ...a written declaration by someone, authorizing another person to act as his agent.

N-COUNT
= representative rep

See also estate agent , press agent , travel agent .

2. agent agents
An agent in the arts world is a person who gets work for an actor or musician, or who sells the work of a writer to publishers.
N-COUNT

3. agent agents
An agent is a person who works for a country's secret service.

- All these years he's been an agent for the East.

N-COUNT

4. agent agents
If you refer to someone or something as the agent of a particular effect, you mean that they cause this effect.

- In many societies young men regard themselves as highly active, the agents of change, shapers of the world.

N-COUNT: N of n
= instrument

5. agent agents
A chemical that has a particular effect or is used for a particular purpose can be referred to as a particular kind of agent .

- ...the bleaching agent in white flour.

- ...fibrinogen, a blood clotting agent.

N-COUNT: supp N

agent

noun

1.

representative

envoy

go-between

negotiator

rep informal

surrogate

2.

worker

author

doer

mover

operator

performer

3.

force

agency

cause

instrument

means

power

vehicle

agent provocateur

agent provocateur agents provocateurs
An agent provocateur is a person who is employed by the government or the police to encourage certain groups of people to break the law, so they can arrest them or make them lose public support.

- Many are convinced that agents provocateurs are seeking to discredit the opposition.

N-COUNT

age of consent *

age of consent
The age of consent is the age at which a person can legally agree to having a sexual relationship.

- He was under the age of consent.

N-SING: the N

age-old

[D.J.:ˈeɪdʒˈəʊld]

[K.K.:ˈedʒˈold]

adj.

古老的，久远的，存在很久的，由来已久的

age-old *

age-old
An age-old story, tradition, or problem has existed for many generations or centuries. (WRITTEN)

- This age-old struggle for control had led to untold bloody wars.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= ancient

agglomerate

[D.J.:əˈglɔməˌrət]

[K.K.:əˈɡlɑməˌrət]

adj.

成团的,结块的,凝聚的

<植>群生的, 密集的

n.

(杂乱的)堆积，团块，大团，大块

<地质>集块岩

<冶>团块，团粒；烧结块

<化>凝聚物，附聚物

vt. & vi.

[D.J.:əˈglɔməˌreɪt]

[K.K.:əˈɡlɑməˌret]

(使)聚集，(使)聚结，(使)凝聚，(使)结块，(使)成团

agglomeration

n.

成团,结块

agglomerative

adj.

成团的,结块的

agglomeration

[D.J.:əˌɡlɔməˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:əˌɡlɑməˈreʃən]

n.

结块,凝聚,块

agglomerative

[əˈɡlɔməreitiv]

adj.

会凝聚的

agglomeration

agglomeration agglomerations
An agglomeration of things is a lot of different things gathered together, often in no particular order or arrangement. (FORMAL)

- The towns are on the way to becoming agglomerations of desperately poor people.

- The album is a bizarre agglomeration of styles.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= accumulation

aggrandize

[D.J.:əˈgrænˌdaɪz, ˈægrən-]

[K.K.:əˈɡrænˌdaɪz, ˈæɡrən-]

vt.

扩大某人的权力,提高某人的地位,增加某人的财富

夸大，夸张；吹捧

aggrandizement

n.

aggrandizer

n.

aggrandizement

[əˈɡrændizmənt]

n.

增大,强化,扩大

aggrandize

aggrandize aggrandizes aggrandizing aggrandized
To aggrandize someone means to make them seem richer, more powerful, and more important than they really are. To aggrandize a building means to make it more impressive.

- At the dinner table, my father would go on and on, showing off, aggrandising himself.

- In 1864 they set about alterations to aggrandise the building.

VB (BRIT) also aggrandise disapproval

aggrandizement

aggrandizement
If someone does something for aggrandizement , they do it in order to get power, wealth, and importance for themselves. (FORMAL)

- It would be the first time in human history that economic necessity has prevailed over military aggrandizement.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp (BRIT) also aggrandisement disapproval
See also self-aggrandizement .

aggravate

[D.J.:ˈæɡrəveit]

[K.K.:ˈæɡrəˌvet]

vt.

使恶化, 使更严重

激怒, 使恼火

aggravating

[ˈæɡrəveitiŋ]

adj.

使恶化的,加重的,恼人的

aggravation

[D.J.:ˌæɡrəˈveiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæɡrəˈveʃən]

n.

加重(病情、负担、罪行、危机等的),更恶化,恼怒

aggravate *

1. aggravate aggravates aggravating aggravated
If someone or something aggravates a situation, they make it worse.

- Stress and lack of sleep can aggravate the situation.

- He would only aggravate the injury by rubbing it.

VB
= worsen ≠ alleviate

2. aggravate aggravates aggravating aggravated
If someone or something aggravates you, they make you annoyed. (INFORMAL)

- What aggravates you most about this country?

VB
= annoy

3. aggravating

- You don't realise how aggravating you can be.

ADJ-GRADED
= annoying

4. aggravation aggravations

- I just couldn't take the aggravation.

N-VAR
= annoyance

aggravated

aggravated
Aggravated is used to describe a serious crime which involves violence. (LEGAL)

- He was jailed for 10 years after admitting aggravated assault.

ADJ: ADJ n

aggravate

verb

1.

make worse

exacerbate

exaggerate

increase

inflame

intensify

magnify

worsen

2.

annoy

bother

get on one's nerves informal

irritate

nettle

provoke

aggravation

noun Informal

1.

worsening

exacerbation

exaggeration

heightening

increase

inflaming

intensification

magnification

2.

annoyance

exasperation

gall

grief informal

hassle informal

irritation

provocation

aggregate

[D.J.:ˈæɡriɡit]

[K.K.:ˈæɡrɪɡɪt]

n.

〈正〉数, 总计

[ˈæɡriɡeit]

vt.

总计达…

vt. & vi.

(使)聚集

aggregation

[D.J.:ˌæ grɪˈ geɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæɡrɪˈɡeʃən]

n.

聚集,集成;集结

聚集体,集成体

aggregate **

1. aggregate
An aggregate amount or score is made up of several smaller amounts or scores added together.

- The rate of growth of GNP will depend upon the rate of growth of aggregate demand.

- England have beaten the Welsh three times in succession with an aggregate score of 83-12.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. aggregate aggregates
Also a noun.

- The highest aggregate came in the third round where Leeds and Middlesbrough drew 4-4.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. aggregate aggregates
An aggregate is a number of people or things that are being considered as a single thing. (FORMAL)

- ...society viewed as an aggregate of individuals.

N-COUNT

4. aggregate aggregates aggregating aggregated
If amounts or things are aggregated , they are added together and considered as a single amount or thing. (FORMAL)

- Different economies, with different currencies, should not be aggregated to produce uniform policies..

- We should never aggregate votes to predict results under another system.

VB

5. aggregation

- A bigger objection is that aggregation of the results invites distortion.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

6. aggregate
If a number of different things or amounts are considered in aggregate , or in the aggregate , they are considered as a single thing or amount. (FORMAL)

- Expenses are deductible only to the extent that in aggregate they exceed 7 percent of gross income.

PHR
= in total

7. aggregate
If one team beats another on aggregate , it wins because it has a higher total score than the other team after a series of games. (BRIT)

- United won 5-3 on aggregate.

PHR: PHR after v

aggregate

noun Informal

1.

total

accumulation

amount

body

bulk

collection

combination

mass

pile

sum

whole

adjective

2.

total

accumulated

collected

combined

composite

cumulative

mixed

verb

3.

combine

accumulate

amass

assemble

collect

heap

mix

pile

aggression

[D.J.:əˈgreʃən]

[K.K.:əˈɡrɛʃən]

n.

侵略, 侵犯,挑衅

侵略行为，侵犯行为

aggression **

1. aggression
Aggression is a quality of anger and determination that makes you ready to attack other people.

- Aggression is by no means a male-only trait.

N-UNCOUNT
= belligerence ≠ gentleness

2. aggression aggressions
Aggression is violent and attacking behaviour.

- The raid was an unjustifiable act of aggression.

- ...the threat of massive military aggression.

N-VAR

aggression

noun

1.

hostility

antagonism

belligerence

destructiveness

pugnacity

2.

attack

assault

injury

invasion

offensive

onslaught

raid

aggressive

[D.J.:əˈɡresiv]

[K.K.:əˈɡrɛsɪv]

adj.

好争斗的, 挑衅的, 侵略性的

aggressively

[D.J.:əˈ gresɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:əˈɡr ɛsɪvlɪ]

adv.

侵略地;攻击地

有闯劲地

激烈地

aggressiveness

进攻性

aggressive ***

1. aggressive
An aggressive person or animal has a quality of anger and determination that makes them ready to attack other people.

- Some children are much more aggressive than others.

- These fish are very aggressive.

- Aggressive behaviour is a sign of emotional distress.

ADJ-GRADED
= belligerent

2. aggressively

- They'll react aggressively.

ADV-GRADED

3. aggressiveness

- Her aggressiveness made it difficult for him to explain his own feelings.

N-UNCOUNT
= aggression

4. aggressive
People who are aggressive in their work or other activities behave in a forceful way because they are very eager to succeed.

- He is respected as a very aggressive and competitive executive.

- The Zambian game is much more aggressive than European soccer.

ADJ-GRADED

5. aggressively

- ...countries noted for aggressively pursuing energy efficiency.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

aggressive

adjective

1.

hostile

belligerent

destructive

offensive

pugnacious

quarrelsome

2.

forceful

assertive

bold

dynamic

energetic

enterprising

militant

pushy informal

vigorous

aggressor

[D.J.:əˈgresə]

[K.K.:əˈɡrɛsɚ]

n.

侵略者;挑衅者;侵略国

aggressor *

aggressor aggressors
The aggressor in a fight or battle is the person, group, or country that starts it.

- They have been the aggressors in this conflict.

N-COUNT

aggressor

noun

attacker

assailant

assaulter

invader

aggrieved

[D.J.:əˈgri:vd]

[K.K.:əˈɡrivd]

adj.

受委屈的，显露委屈神情的

愤愤不平的

被伤害的

<律>(在合法权利方面)受侵害的，被剥夺合法权利的；冤枉的，含冤的，受冤屈的

aggrievedly

adv.

aggrievedness

n.

aggrieved *

aggrieved
If you feel aggrieved , you feel upset and angry because of the way in which you have been treated.

- I really feel aggrieved at this sort of thing.

ADJ-GRADED
= resentful bitter

aggrieved

adjective

hurt

afflicted

distressed

disturbed

harmed

injured

unhappy

wronged

aggro

[D.J.:ˈæɡrəu]

[K.K.:ˈæɡro]

n.

暴力行为

aggro

1. aggro
Aggro is the difficulties and problems that are involved in something. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Simply phone the ticket hot-line and all that aggro will be a thing of the past.

N-UNCOUNT
= hassle

2. aggro
Aggro is aggressive or violent behaviour. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- They could see there wasn't going to be any aggro and they left us to it.

N-UNCOUNT
= aggravation

aghast

[D.J.:əˈgæst]

[K.K.:əˈɡæst]

adj.

aghast at

惊呆的，吓呆的，大吃一惊的

stand aghast at

被…吓呆，被吓得目瞪口呆

aghast

aghast
If you are aghast , you are filled with horror and surprise. (FORMAL)

- While she watched, aghast, his eyes glazed over as his life flowed away.

- His colleagues were aghast at the sackings.

- Tania stared at him aghast, unable to speak.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ after v, v-link ADJ, oft ADJ at n, ADJ n
= horrified

aghast

adjective

horrified

amazed

appalled

astonished

astounded

awestruck

confounded

shocked

startled

stunned

agile

[D.J.:ˈædʒəl, -ˌaɪl]

[K.K.:ˈædʒəl, -ˌaɪl]

adj.

灵巧的，轻快的，活跃的

灵活的，头脑灵敏的，动作敏捷的

机敏的，活泼的

agilely

adv.

agileness

n.

agilely

adv.

敏捷地

agility

[D.J.:əˈdʒiliti]

[K.K.:əˈdʒɪlɪti]

n.

敏捷,活泼

agile *

1. agile
Someone who is agile can move quickly and easily.

- At 20 years old he was not as strong, as fast, as agile as he is now.

ADJ-GRADED
= nimble ≠ clumsy

2. agility

- She blinked in surprise at his agility.

N-UNCOUNT

3. agile
If you have an agile mind, you think quickly and intelligently.

- She was quick-witted and had an extraordinarily agile mind.

ADJ-GRADED

4. agility

- His intellect and mental agility have never been in doubt.

N-UNCOUNT

agile

adjective

1.

nimble

active

brisk

lithe

quick

sprightly

spry

supple

swift

2.

acute

alert

bright informal

clever

lively

quick-witted

sharp

agility

noun

nimbleness

litheness

liveliness

quickness

suppleness

swiftness

agitate

[D.J.:ˈædʒiteit]

[K.K.:ˈædʒɪˌtet]

vt.

搅动, 摇动

使焦虑不安

agitated

[D.J.:ˈædʒɪteɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈædʒəˌtetɪtɪd]

adj.

不安的，焦虑的；激动的

颤抖的

(问题等)争论不休的

agitating

搅动

agitation

[D.J.:ˌædʒɪˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌædʒɪˈteʃən]

n.

鼓动, 煽动

(液体等的)摇动，搅动；剧烈震动

(情绪等的)纷乱，骚动，激动不安，焦虑

激烈争论

agitate *

1. agitate agitates agitating agitated
If people agitate for something, they protest or take part in political activity in order to get it.

- The women who worked in these mills had begun to agitate for better conditions.

VB

2. agitation

- At least seventy students were injured in the continuing agitation against the decision.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for/against/over n

3. agitate agitates agitating agitated
If you agitate something, you shake it so that it moves about. (FORMAL)

- All you need to do is gently agitate the water with a finger or paintbrush.

- Its molecules can be agitated by microwave energy.

VB

4. agitation

- Temperature is a measure of the agitation of the molecules of matter.

N-UNCOUNT

5. agitate agitates agitating agitated
If something agitates you, it worries you and makes you unable to think clearly or calmly.

- Carl and Martin may inherit their grandmother's possessions when she dies. The thought agitates her.

VB

agitated

agitated
If someone is agitated , they are very worried or upset, and show this in their behaviour, movements, or voice.

- Susan seemed agitated about something.

- The man in the house was in a very excited and agitated state.

ADJ-GRADED
= upset disturbed

agitation

agitation
If someone is in a state of agitation , they are very worried or upset, and show this in their behaviour, movements, or voice.

- Danny returned to Father's house in a state of intense agitation.

- Diane lit a cigarette, trying to mask her agitation.

N-UNCOUNT
= anxiety

See also agitate .

agitate

verb

1.

upset

disconcert

distract

excite

fluster

perturb

trouble

unnerve

worry

2.

stir

beat

convulse

disturb

rouse

shake

toss

agitation

noun

1.

turmoil

clamour

commotion

confusion

disturbance

excitement

ferment

trouble

upheaval

2.

turbulence

convulsion

disturbance

shaking

stirring

tossing

agitator

[D.J.:ˈædʒɪˌteɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈædʒɪˌtetɚ]

n.

<贬>(尤指政治变革的)鼓动者,煽动者

搅拌器,搅拌机

agitatorial

adj.

agitator

agitator agitators
If you describe someone involved in politics as an agitator , you disapprove of them because of the trouble they cause in organizing campaigns and protests.

- ...a famous actress who was accused of being a political agitator.

N-COUNT: oft supp N disapproval

agitator

noun

troublemaker

agent provocateur

firebrand

instigator

rabble-rouser

revolutionary

stirrer informal

agitprop

[D.J.:ˈædʒitprɔp]

[K.K.:ˈædʒɪtˌprɑp]

n.

宣传鼓动,宣传鼓动部门

adj.

宣传鼓动的

agitprop

agitprop
Agitprop is the use of artistic forms such as drama or posters to further political aims.
N-UNCOUNT also agit-prop

aglow

[D.J.:əˈgləʊ]

[K.K.:əˈɡlo]

adj. &adv.

发亮的(地)； 发红的(地)；炽热的(地)

adj. &adv.

容光焕发的(地)

aglow

1. aglow
If something is aglow , it is shining and bright with a soft, warm light. (LITERARY)

- The night skies will be aglow with fireworks.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n

2. aglow
If someone is aglow or if their face is aglow , they look excited. (LITERARY)

- `It was incredible,' Kurt says, suddenly aglow.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n

AGM

abbr.

Air to Ground Missile 空对地导弹

AGM

abbr.

Air to Ground Missile 空对地导弹

AGM *

AGM AGMs
The AGM of a company or organization is a meeting which it holds once a year in order to discuss the previous year's activities and accounts. AGM is an abbreviation for `Annual General Meeting'. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also agm

agnostic

[D.J.:ægˈnɔstɪk]

[K.K.:æɡˈnɑstɪk]

n.

不可知论者

adj.

不可知论(者)的

agnostically

adv.

agnostic

1. agnostic agnostics
An agnostic believes that it is not possible to know whether God exists or not. Compare atheist .

- Vasari claimed with horror that he was, if not an atheist, then an agnostic.

N-COUNT
= unbeliever

2. agnostic
Agnostic means relating to agnostics or to their beliefs.

- You grew up in an agnostic household and have never been able to bring yourself to believe in God.

ADJ

agnosticism

[D.J.:æɡˈnɔstisizəm]

[K.K.:æɡˈnɑstɪˌsɪzəm]

n.

不可知论

agnosticism

agnosticism
Agnosticism is the belief that it is not possible to say definitely whether or not there is a God. Compare atheism .
N-UNCOUNT

ago

[D.J.:əˈɡəu]

[K.K.:əˈɡo]

adv.

以前

ago *****

ago
You use ago when you are referring to past time. For example, if something happened one year ago , it is one year since it happened. If it happened a long time ago , it is a long time since it happened.

- He was killed a few days ago in a skiing accident.

- The meeting is the first ever between the two sides since the war there began 14 years ago.

- Harry's daughter is dead. She died long ago.

ADV: ADV with v, n ADV, long ADV

agog

[D.J.:əˈgɔg]

[K.K.:əˈɡɑɡ]

adj. &adv.

渴望的(地),期待着的(地)

adj. &adv.

极兴奋的(地);激动的(地)

be all agog about/for/on/upon/with something

焦急地期待着，满心渴望着，迫不及待要做某事

agog

agog
If you are agog , you are excited about something, and eager to know more about it.

- The city was agog with rumours last night that the two had been executed.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ prep

agog

adjective

eager

avid

curious

enthralled

enthusiastic

excited

expectant

impatient

in suspense

agonize

[D.J.:ˈægəˌnaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈæɡəˌnaɪz]

vt.

使(极度)痛苦，折磨

vi.

苦斗，苦苦思索

感到极度痛苦，苦闷，苦恼

agonizer

n.

agonized

烦恼的,极度痛苦的

agonizing

[D.J.:ˈæ gənaɪzɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈæɡəˌnaɪzɪŋ]

adj.

使人极度痛苦的；使人苦闷的;使人烦恼的

agonizingly

adv.

agonizingly

adv.

使人烦恼地,苦闷地

agonize

agonize agonizes agonizing agonized
If you agonize over something, you feel very anxious about it and spend a long time thinking about it.

- Perhaps he was agonizing over the moral issues involved.

- She only made the decision to apply for training after years of agonizing.

VB (BRIT) also agonise

agonized

agonized
Agonized describes something that you say or do when you are in great physical or mental pain.

- The agonised look on his face said he wouldn't be staying in the game much longer.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also agonised

agonizing *

1. agonizing
Something that is agonizing causes you to feel great physical or mental pain.

- He did not wish to die the agonizing death of his mother and brother.

- In the heat of Rome, the wait was agonizing.

ADJ-GRADED (BRIT) also agonising

2. agonizingly

- Progress was agonizingly slow.

ADV

3. agonizing
Agonizing decisions and choices are very difficult to make.

- He now faced an agonizing decision about his immediate future.

ADJ-GRADED (BRIT) also agonising

agonize

verb

suffer

be distressed

be in agony

be in anguish

go through the mill

labour

strain

struggle

worry

agony

[D.J.:ˈæɡəni]

[K.K.:ˈæɡəni]

n.

极大的痛苦

agony **

agony
Agony is great physical or mental pain.

- A new machine may save thousands of animals from the agony of drug tests.

- They sat and listened as she called out in agony.

- As a young man he suffered agonies of religious doubt.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
= torment

agony

noun

suffering

anguish

distress

misery

pain

throes

torment

torture

agony aunt

agony aunt agony aunts
An agony aunt is a person who writes a column in a newspaper or magazine in which they reply to readers who have written to them for advice on their personal problems. (BRIT; in AM use advice columnist )
N-COUNT
= advice columnist

agony column

agony column agony columns
In a British newspaper or magazine, the agony column contains letters from readers about their personal problems, and advice on what to do about them. (BRIT; in AM use advice column )
N-COUNT
= advice column

agoraphobia

[D.J.:æɡərəˈfəubiə]

[K.K.:ˌæɡərəˈfobiə]

n.

广场恐怖症,旷野恐怖症,陌生环境恐怖症

agoraphobia

agoraphobia
Agoraphobia is the fear of open or public places.
N-UNCOUNT

agoraphobic

[ˌæɡərəˈfəubik]

adj.

广场恐怖的，旷野恐怖的，恐旷症的，陌生环境恐怖的

agoraphobic

1. agoraphobic
Someone who is agoraphobic suffers from agoraphobia.
ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

2. agoraphobic agoraphobics
An agoraphobic is someone who suffers from agoraphobia.
N-COUNT

agrarian

[D.J.:əˈgreəri:ən]

[K.K.:əˈɡrɛriən]

adj.

农业的, 土产的；土地的

农民的，由农民组成的

农村的

n.

平均地权论者

agrarianly

adv.

agrarian *

agrarian
Agrarian means relating to the ownership and use of land, especially farmland, or relating to the part of a society or economy that is concerned with agriculture.

- ...a rich area with a highly developed agrarian economy.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

agree

[D.J.:əˈɡri:]

[K.K.:əˈɡri]

vt. & vi.

同意, 赞同

vi.

相同, 相符, 一致

(气候、食物等)适宜, 相和

agreed

[D.J.:əˈgri:d]

adj.

同意的, 接受的，意见一致的

经过协议的，双方共同议定的

int.

同意！

be agreed

有一致意见，都同意(以人为主语)

是大家都同意的(以事物为主语)

agree *****

1. agree agrees agreeing agreed
If people agree with each other about something, they have the same opinion about it or say that they have the same opinion.

- If we agreed all the time it would be a bit boring, wouldn't it?.

- Both the House and Senate have agreed on the need for the money.

- So we both agree there's a problem?.

- I see your point but I'm not sure I agree with you.

- I agree with you about the gun situation.

- I agree with you that the open system is by far the best.

- `It's appalling.' --- `It is. I agree.'.

- I agree that the demise of London zoo would be terrible.

- I agree with every word you've just said.

- `Frankly I found it rather frightening.' `A little startling,' Mark agreed.

V-RECIP
= concur ≠ disagree

2. agree agrees agreeing agreed
If you agree to do something, you say that you will do it. If you agree to a proposal, you accept it.

- He agreed to pay me for the drawings.

- Donna agreed to both requests.

- All 100 senators agree to a postponement.

VB
= consent

3. agree
If people agree on something, or in British English if they agree something, they all decide to accept or do something.

- The warring sides have agreed on an unconditional ceasefire.

- We never agreed a date.

- The court had given the unions until September 11 to agree terms with a buyer.

V-RECIP

4. agree
If two people who are arguing about something agree to disagree or agree to differ , they decide to stop arguing because neither of them is going to change their opinion.

- You and I are going to have to agree to disagree then.

PHR: V inflects, pl-n PHR

5. agree agrees agreeing agreed
If you agree with an action or suggestion, you approve of it.

- You didn't want to ask anybody whether they agreed with what you were doing.

- In his heart he knew they'd agree with his stand.

VB
≠ disagree

6. agree agrees agreeing agreed
If one account of an event or one set of figures agrees with another, the two accounts or sets of figures are the same or are consistent with each other.

- His second statement agrees with facts as stated by the other witnesses.

V-RECIP
= tally

7. agree agrees agreeing agreed
If some food that you eat does not agree with you, it makes you feel ill.

- I have an upset stomach. I don't think the food here agrees with me.

VB: with neg

8. agree agrees agreeing agreed
If a place or experience agrees with you, it makes you feel healthy and happy.

- You look great, Brian. The Bahamas certainly agree with you.

VB

9. agree agrees agreeing agreed
In grammar, if a word agrees with a noun or pronoun, it has a form that is appropriate to the number or gender of the noun or pronoun. For example, in `He hates it', the singular verb agrees with the singular pronoun `he'.
V-RECIP: V with n, pl-n V

agreed *

1. agreed
If people are agreed on something, they have reached a joint decision on it or have the same opinion about it.

- Okay, so are we agreed on going north?.

- All twelve member states are agreed that something needs to be done about the situation.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ on n, ADJ that

2. agreed
When you are discussing something, you can say ` Agreed? ' to check whether the other people agree with what you have just said. You can say ` Agreed ' if you agree with what someone has just said. (SPOKEN, FORMAL)

- `That means we move out today. Agreed?' --- `Agreed.'.

- `One thing you can never insure against is corruption among your staff.' --- `Agreed.'

CONVENTION formulae
= o.k.

agree

verb

1.

consent

assent

be of the same opinion

comply

concur

see eye to eye

2.

get on (together)

coincide

conform

correspond

match

tally

agreeable

[D.J.:əˈɡri:əbl]

[K.K.:əˈɡriəbəl]

adj.

欣然同意的

令人愉快的, 惬意的

agreeably

[D.J.:əˈ gri:əblɪ]

[K.K.:əˈɡriəblɪ]

adv.

令人愉快地,惬意地

同意地;一致地

agreeable *

1. agreeable
If something is agreeable , it is pleasant and you enjoy it.

- ...workers in more agreeable and better paid occupations.

- ...an agreeable surprise.

ADJ-GRADED
= nice ≠ disagreeable

2. agreeably

- At first we chatted agreeably about his trips to London and Paris.

- The sisters were agreeably surprised to find out that the King of Spain had been their rescuer.

ADV-GRADED

3. agreeable
If someone is agreeable , they are pleasant and try to please people.

- ...sharing a bottle of wine with an agreeable companion...

- I've gone out of my way to be agreeable to his friends.

ADJ-GRADED
= nice

4. agreeable
If you are agreeable to something or if it is agreeable to you, you are willing to do it or to allow it to happen. (FORMAL)

- She was agreeable to the project.

- If you are agreeable, my husband's office will make all the necessary arrangements.

- ...a solution that would be agreeable to all.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n

agreeable

adjective

1.

pleasant

delightful

enjoyable

gratifying

likable or likeable

pleasing

satisfying

to one's taste

2.

consenting

amenable

approving

complying

concurring

in accord

onside informal

sympathetic

well-disposed

willing

agreement

[D.J.:əˈɡri:mənt]

[K.K.:əˈɡrimənt]

n.

协定, 协议, 契约

达成协议

同意

agreement ****

1. agreement agreements
An agreement is a formal decision about future action which is made by two or more countries, groups, or people.

- It looks as though a compromise agreement has now been reached.

- The two countries signed an agreement in 1988 to jointly launch and develop satellites.

- ...a new defence agreement between Greece and the United States.

N-COUNT: oft N to-inf, N prep

2. agreement
Agreement on something is a joint decision that a particular course of action should be taken.

- A spokesman said, however, that the two men had not reached agreement on the issues discussed.

- But instead of ending in agreement, the talks broke up in acrimony at the end of the week.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N on n
≠ disagreement

3. agreement
If you are in agreement with someone, you have the same opinion as they have.

- The judge kept nodding in agreement.

- There was general agreement that every effort should be made to prevent the war from spreading.

- Not all scholars are in agreement with her, however.

- We were in basic agreement on this point.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, v PHR, oft PHR with n

4. agreement
If you are in agreement with a plan or proposal, you approve of it.

- The clinic doctor will then write to your GP to get his agreement.

- The president was in full agreement with the proposal.

PHR: v-link PHR, usu PHR with n

5. agreement
If there is agreement between two accounts of an event or two sets of figures, they are the same or are consistent with each other.

- Many other surveys have produced results essentially in agreement with these figures.

N-UNCOUNT
= concurrence

6. agreement
In grammar, agreement refers to the way that a word has a form appropriate to the number or gender of the noun or pronoun it relates to.
N-UNCOUNT
= concord

agreement

noun

1.

assent

agreeing

compliance

concord

concurrence

consent

harmony

union

unison

2.

correspondence

compatibility

conformity

congruity

consistency

similarity

3.

contract

arrangement

bargain

covenant

deal informal

pact

settlement

treaty

understanding

agribusiness

[D.J.:ˈæɡriˌbiznis]

[K.K.:ˈæɡrəˌbɪznɪs]

n.

农业综合企业

agribusiness

agribusiness
Agribusiness is the various businesses that produce, sell, and distribute farm products, especially on a large scale.

- Many of the old agricultural collectives are now being turned into agribusiness corporations.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, oft N n

agricultural

[D.J.:ˌægriˈkʌltʃərəl]

adj.

农业的

农艺的，农学的

务农的，耕种的

农用的

agriculturally

adv.

agricultural ***

1. agricultural
Agricultural means involving or relating to agriculture.

- Farmers struggling for survival strip the forests for agricultural land.

- ...corn and other agricultural products.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. agricultural
An agricultural place or society is one in which agriculture is important or highly developed.

- Large families are more common in traditional agricultural societies than in cities.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

agricultural

adjective

farming

agrarian

country

rural

rustic

agriculturalist

[ˌæɡriˈkʌltʃərəlist]

n.

农学家

agriculturalist

agriculturalist agriculturalists
An agriculturalist is someone who is an expert on agriculture and who advises farmers.
N-COUNT

agriculture

[D.J.:ˈæɡrikʌltʃə]

[K.K.:ˈæɡrɪˌkʌltʃɚ]

n.

农业

农学, 农艺

agriculture ***

1. agriculture
Agriculture is farming and the methods that are used to raise and look after crops and animals.

- Strong both in industry and agriculture, the Ukraine produces much of the grain for the nation.

N-UNCOUNT

2. agriculturally

- The monsoon has now covered almost all of the agriculturally important north-west of India.

ADV: usu ADV adj/-ed

agriculture

noun

farming

cultivation

culture

husbandry

tillage

agro-

[ˈæɡrəu]

pref.

表示“土壤,农业,田野”之义

agro-

agro-
Agro- is used to form nouns and adjectives which refer to things relating to agriculture, or to agriculture combined with another activity.

- Some land may take up to 20 years to be free from agro-chemical residues.

PREFIX

agronomist

[D.J.:əˈ gr ɔnəmɪst]

[K.K.:əˈɡr ɑnəmɪst]

n.

农(艺)学家

agronomist

agronomist agronomists
An agronomist is someone who studies the growing and harvesting of crops.
N-COUNT

aground

[D.J.:əˈgraʊnd]

[K.K.:əˈɡraʊnd]

adj.&adv.

搁浅的(地)

run/be/get/go aground

(船)搁浅

受阻

aground *

aground
If a ship runs aground , it touches the ground in a shallow part of a river, lake, or the sea, and gets stuck.

- The ship ran aground where there should have been a depth of 35ft.

ADV: ADV after v

aground

adverb

beached

ashore

foundered

grounded

high and dry

on the rocks

stranded

stuck

ah

[D.J.:ɑ:]

[K.K.:ɑ]

int.

(用以表达惊奇, 厌恶, 痛苦, 理解)啊

ah ***

ah
Ah is used in writing to represent a noise that people make in conversation, for example to acknowledge or draw attention to something, or to express surprise or disappointment.

- I'm meeting Anna Langenbach. Ah, this seems to be the train now.

- Ah, so many questions, so little time.

EXCLAM feelings

aha

[D.J.:ɑ:ˈhɑ:]

[K.K.:ɑˈhɑ]

int.

啊哈(表示惊讶、胜利、嘲弄等)

aha

aha
Aha is used in writing to represent a noise that people make in conversation, for example to express satisfaction or surprise.

- Aha! Here at last, the answer to the question that has baffled scholars through the centuries.

EXCLAM feelings

ahead

[D.J.:əˈhed]

[K.K.:əˈhɛd]

adv.

在(某人或某事物的)前面

ahead 1 adverb uses ****

(In addition to the uses shown below, ahead is used in phrasal verbs such as `get ahead', `go ahead', and `press ahead'.)

1. ahead
Something that is ahead is in front of you. If you look ahead , you look directly in front of you.

- Brett looked straight ahead.

- I peered ahead through the front screen.

- The road ahead was now blocked solid.

- Ahead, he saw the side railings of First Bridge over Crooked Brook.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV, ADV with cl
= in front ≠ behind

2. ahead
You use ahead with verbs such as `push', `move', and `forge' to indicate that a plan, scheme, or organization is making fast progress.

- Western countries were moving ahead with plans to send financial aid to all of the former Soviet republics.

- Now BBC World Television is forging ahead on its own.

ADV: ADV after v
= forward

3. ahead
If you are ahead in your work or achievements, you have made more progress than you expected to and are performing well.

- The North Korean economy was pretty strong in its time, and was ahead until maybe 1970.

- First half profits have charged ahead from £127.6m to £134.2m.

- Children in small classes were 1.5 months ahead in reading and 2.5 months ahead in mathematics.

ADV: be ADV, ADV after v, oft amount ADV

4. ahead
If a person or a team is ahead in a competition, they are winning.

- Australia were ahead throughout the game.

- The Communists are comfortably ahead in the opinion polls.

- A goal would have put Dublin 6-1 ahead.

ADV: be ADV, ADV after v, oft amount ADV

5. ahead
Ahead also means in the future.

- A much bigger battle is ahead for the president.

- Anne Garrels reports there are still difficult times ahead for Poland.

- Now I can remember without mourning, and begin to look ahead.

- There will be many difficult and challenging days ahead.

- The task ahead is huge.

ADV: v-link ADV, ADV after v, n ADV

6. ahead
If you prepare or plan something ahead , you do it some time before a future event so that everything is ready for that event to take place.

- The government wants figures that help it to administer its policies and plan ahead.

- Do book ahead as the restaurant is very popular.

- Summer weddings are very popular and need to be arranged months ahead.

ADV: ADV after v
= in advance

7. ahead
If you go ahead , or if you go on ahead , you go in front of someone who is going to the same place so that you arrive there some time before they do.

- I went ahead and waited with Sean.

- You just go on ahead. I'll come by later.

- I'd have to send Tina on ahead with Rachael.

ADV: ADV after v

ahead 2 preposition uses ***

1. ahead of
If someone is ahead of you, they are directly in front of you. If someone is moving ahead of you, they are in front of you and moving in the same direction.

- I saw a man in a blue jacket thirty metres ahead of me.

- She walked ahead of Helene up the steps into the hotel.

PHR-PREP

2. ahead of
If an event or period of time lies ahead of you, it is going to happen or take place soon or in the future.

- I tried to think about all the problems that were ahead of me tomorrow.

- Catherine had been awake all night thinking about the future that lay ahead of her.

- We have a very busy day ahead of us today.

PHR-PREP: PREP pron
= before

3. ahead of
In a competition, if a person or team does something ahead of someone else, they do it before the second person or team.

- Robert Millar finished 1 minute and 35 seconds ahead of the Frenchman Thierry Claveyrolat.

PHR-PREP: oft n PREP n

4. ahead of
If something happens ahead of an event or time, it happens before that event or time.

- The Prime Minister was speaking ahead of today's meeting.

PHR-PREP

5. ahead of
If something happens ahead of schedule or ahead of time, it happens earlier than was planned.

- The election was held six months ahead of schedule.

- This dish may be prepared a day ahead of time and refrigerated.

PHR-PREP
≠ behind

6. ahead of
If someone is ahead of someone else, they have made more progress and are more advanced in what they are doing.

- Henry generally stayed ahead of the others in the academic subjects.

PHR-PREP

ahead

adverb

in front

at an advantage

at the head

before

in advance

in the lead

leading

to the fore

winning

ahem

[D.J.:əˈhem]

[K.K.:əˈhɛm]

int.

啊咳,咳嗽或清嗓子的声音

ahem

ahem
In writing, ahem is used to show that someone is being ironic. Ahem is also used to show that someone wants to get another person's attention.

- It can be a dangerous course of action which might be sound in theory but -- ahem -- perhaps a trifle risky in practice.

- It is not unknown for valuable display items to go, ahem, missing.

CONVENTION

ahold

[D.J.:əˈhəuld]

[K.K.:əˈhold]

v.

抓,握,迎风航驶

ahold

1. ahold
If you get ahold of someone or something, you manage to contact, find, or get them. (AM, INFORMAL)

- I tried again to get ahold of my cousin Joan.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= get hold of

2. ahold
If you get ahold of yourself, you force yourself to become calm and sensible after a shock or in a difficult situation. (AM, INFORMAL)

- I'm going to have to get ahold of myself.

PHR: V inflects, PHR pron-refl

ahoy

[D.J.:əˈhɔi]

[K.K.:əˈhɔɪ]

int.

喂(招呼远处人的声音)

ahoy

ahoy
Ahoy is something that people in boats shout in order to attract attention.

- Ahoy there!.

- Ship ahoy!

EXCLAM

AI

abbr.

artificial insemination人工授精

artificial intelligence 人工智能

AI&+{1}
AI

abbr.

artificial insemination人工授精

artificial intelligence 人工智能

AI

AI
AI is an abbreviation for artificial intelligence , or artificial insemination .
N-UNCOUNT

aid

[D.J.:eid]

[K.K.:ed]

vt.

帮助, 援助

n.

帮助, 援助, 救助

助手, 辅助物, 辅助手段

aided

[ˈeidid]

adj.

半自动的

aid *****

1. aid
Aid is money, equipment, or services that are provided for people, countries, or organizations who need them but cannot provide them for themselves.

- ...regular flights carrying humanitarian aid to Cambodia...

- They have already pledged billions of dollars in aid.

- ...food aid convoys.

N-UNCOUNT: oft supp N, N to n

2. aid aids aiding aided
To aid a country, organization, or person means to provide them with money, equipment, or services that they need.

- ...US efforts to aid Kurdish refugees.

- ...a charitable organization that has spent millions aiding pharmaceutical research.

VB

3. -aided

- ...grant-aided factories.

- ...state-aided schools.

COMB in ADJ

4. aid aids aiding aided
To aid someone means to help or assist them. (WRITTEN)

- ...a software system to aid managers in advanced decision-making...

- The hunt for her killer will continue, with police aided by the army and air force.

VB
= help assist

5. aid
Also a noun.

- He was forced to turn for aid to his former enemy.

N-UNCOUNT
= assistance

6. aid
If you perform a task with the aid of something, you need or use that thing to perform that task.

- He succeeded with the aid of a completely new method he discovered.

- Gently raise your upper body to a sitting position, without the aid of your hands.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with/without the N of n
= help

7. aid aids
An aid is an object, device, or technique that makes something easier to do.

- The new law gives authorities a responsibility to provide aids to the disabled.

- The book is an invaluable aid to teachers of literature.

- Colonel Hardy would like to see every tank with a computerized aid.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

8. aid aids aiding aided
If something aids a process, it makes it easier or more likely to happen.

- The survey suggests that the export sector will continue to aid the economic recovery.

- Calcium may aid in the prevention of colon cancer.

VB

9. aid
An activity or event in aid of a particular cause or charity is intended to raise money for that cause or charity. (mainly BRIT)

- ...a charity performance in aid of Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital.

PHR: PHR n

10. aid
If you come or go to someone's aid , you try to help them when they are in danger or difficulty.

- We're coming to the aid of the people of Somalia at the request of the United Nations.

- Horrified neighbours rushed to his aid as he fell.

PHR: V inflects

aid

noun

1.

help

assistance

benefit

encouragement

favour

promotion

relief

service

support

verb

2.

help

assist

encourage

favour

promote

serve

subsidize

support

sustain

aide

[D.J.:eid]

[K.K.:ed]

n.

助手, 副官

aide **

aide aides
An aide is an assistant to someone who has an important job, especially in government or in the armed forces.

- A close aide to the Prime Minister repeated that Israel would never accept it.

N-COUNT

aide

noun

assistant

attendant

helper

right-hand man

second

supporter

aide-de-camp

[D.J.:ˈeiddəˈkæmp]

[K.K.:ˌeddɪˈkæmp]

n.

副官,侍从武官,助手

aide-de-camp

aide-de-camp aides-de-camp
An aide-de-camp is an officer in the armed forces who helps an officer of higher rank.

- ...a colonel in the Greek army who had been aide-de-camp to the king.

N-COUNT

aide-memoire

[ˈeidˈmemwɑ:]

n.

〈法〉帮助记忆的东西,(外交上的)备忘录

aide-memoire

aide-memoire aide-memoires
An aide-memoire is something such as a list that you use to remind you of something.
N-COUNT also aide-m´emoire
= reminder

AIDS

[D.J.:eidz]

[K.K.:edz]

n.

艾滋病

AIDS ****

AIDS
AIDS is a disease which destroys the natural system of protection that the body has against other diseases. AIDS is an abbreviation for `acquired immune deficiency syndrome'.
N-UNCOUNT

ail

[D.J.:eɪl]

[K.K.:el]

vi.

生病；感到不舒服

处境困难，境况不佳

vt.

使受病痛，使疼痛，使烦恼；折磨

n.

病痛；苦恼；烦恼

ailing

[D.J.:ˈeɪlɪŋ]

adj.

不舒服的, 生病的

境况不佳的，面临困难的

ail

1. ail ails ailing ailed
If something ails a group or area of activity, it is a problem or source of trouble for that group or for people involved in that activity.

- A full-scale debate is under way on what ails the industry.

VB

2. ail ails ailing ailed
If something ails someone, they are ill. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- `What ails you?' he asked.

VB

ailing *

1. ailing
An ailing organization or society is in difficulty and is becoming weaker.

- The rise in overseas sales is good news for the ailing American economy.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ thriving

2. ailing
If someone is ailing , they are ill and are not getting better. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He is said to be ailing at his home in Washington.

ADJ

ailing

adjective

ill

indisposed

infirm

poorly

sick

under the weather informal

unwell

weak

aileron

[D.J.:ˈeilərɔn]

[K.K.:ˈeləˌrɑn]

n.

副翼

aileron

aileron ailerons
An aileron is a section on the back edge of the wing of an aircraft that can be raised or lowered in order to control the aircraft's movement.
N-COUNT

ailment

[D.J.:ˈeilmənt]

[K.K.:ˈelmənt]

n.

疾病(尤指慢性病), 不适

ailment *

ailment ailments
An ailment is an illness, especially one that is not very serious.

- The pharmacist can assist you with the treatment of common ailments.

N-COUNT
= affliction

ailment

noun

illness

affliction

complaint

disease

disorder

infirmity

malady

sickness

aim

[D.J.:eim]

[K.K.:em]

vt. & vi.

(以…)瞄准; 针对

vi.

以…为目标[目的]

n.

瞄准

目标, 目的

aiming

[ˈeimiŋ]

n.

瞄准,对准

aim ****

1. aim aims aiming aimed
If you aim for something or aim to do something, you plan or hope to achieve it.

- He said he would aim for the 100 metres world record at the world championships in August.

- Businesses will have to aim at long-term growth.

- ...an appeal which aims to raise funds for children with special needs.

VB

2. aim aims
The aim of something that you do is the purpose for which you do it or the result that it is intended to achieve.

- The aim of the festival is to increase awareness of Hindu culture and traditions.

- ...a research programme that has largely failed to achieve its principal aims.

N-COUNT: oft with poss
= objective

3. aim aimed
If an action or plan is aimed at achieving something, it is intended or planned to achieve it.

- The new measures are aimed at tightening existing sanctions.

- ...talks aimed at ending the nine year old war in Mozambique.

V-PASSIVE

4. aim aims aiming aimed
If you aim to do something, you decide or want to do it. (AM, INFORMAL)

- Are you aiming to visit the gardens?.

- I didn't aim to get caught.

VB

5. aim aims aiming aimed
If your actions or remarks are aimed at a particular person or group, you intend that the person or group should notice them and be influenced by them.

- His message was aimed at the undecided middle ground of Israeli politics.

- Advertising aimed at children should be curbed.

VB: usu passive

6. aim aims aiming aimed
If you aim a weapon or object at something or someone, you point it towards them before firing or throwing it.

- When he appeared again, he was aiming the rifle at Wade.

- ...a missile aimed at the arms factory...

- I didn't know I was supposed to aim at the same spot all the time.

VB

7. aim
Your aim is your skill or action in pointing a weapon or other object at its target.

- He stood with the gun gripped in his right hand and his left hand steadying his aim.

N-SING: oft poss N

8. aim aims aiming aimed
If you aim a kick or punch at someone, you try to kick or punch them.

- They set on him, punching him in the face and aiming kicks at his shins.

VB

9. aim
When you take aim , you point a weapon or object at someone or something, before firing or throwing it.

- She had spotted a man with a shotgun taking aim.

PHR: V inflects

10. aim
If you take aim at someone or something, you criticize them strongly. (AM)

- Republican strategists are taking particular aim at Democratic senators in the Carolinas.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

aim

verb

1.

intend

attempt

endeavour

mean

plan

point

propose

seek

set one's sights on

strive

try

noun

2.

intention

ambition

aspiration

desire

goal

objective

plan

purpose

target

aimless

[D.J.:ˈeɪmlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈemlɪs]

adj.

漫无目的的，无目标的

aimlessly

adv.

aimlessness

n.

aimlessly

[D.J.:ˈeɪmlɪslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈemlɪslɪ]

adv.

漫无目的地,无目标地

aimless *

1. aimless
A person or activity that is aimless has no clear purpose or plan.

- Peters had been adrift and aimless.

- After several hours of aimless searching they were getting low on fuel.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ purposeful

2. aimlessly

- I wandered around aimlessly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. aimlessness

- His sense of aimlessness increased.

N-UNCOUNT

aimless

adjective

purposeless

directionless

pointless

random

stray

ain't

[D.J.:eint]

[K.K.:ent]

prep.

不是

ain't **

ain't
People sometimes use ain't instead of `am not', `aren't', `isn't', `haven't', and `hasn't'. Some people consider this use to be non-standard. (DIALECT, SPOKEN)

- Well, it's obvious, ain't it?.

- I ain't got kids, but I have to pay towards the schools.

air

[D.J.:ɛə]

[K.K.:ɛr]

n.

天空, 大气, 空气; 气氛

空中

样子, 神态, 姿态

vt. & vi.

晾晒, 烘干

播送, 广播

vt.

使房间通风, 透气

airing

[D.J.:ˈeərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɛrɪŋ]

n.

(意见等的)公开发表,公开讨论

晾；晾晒；透风

(电视台或无线电台)广播，播送

(开车、骑车或骑马)兜风；户外散步

take an airing

到户外散步，活动活动

go for an airing

到户外散步，活动活动

air *****

1. air
Air is the mixture of gases which forms the earth's atmosphere and which we breathe.

- Draughts help to circulate air.

- Keith opened the window and leaned out into the cold air.

- ...water and air pollutants.

N-UNCOUNT

2. air
The air is the space around things or above the ground.

- Government troops broke up the protest by firing their guns in the air.

- People's cigarette smoke seemed to hang in the air.

N-SING: the N

3. air
Air is used to refer to travel in aircraft.

- Air travel will continue to grow at about 6% per year.

- The United Nations have been unable to distribute food around the country, other than by air.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n, by N

4. air airs
An air is a simple tune which can be easily recognized and remembered. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT: usu with supp

5. air
If you say that someone or something has a particular air , you mean that they give this general impression.

- Jennifer took a drag on her cigarette, regarding him with an air of faint amusement.

- The meal gave the occasion an almost festive air.

N-SING: with supp, oft N of n

6. air airs
If you say that someone is putting on airs or giving themselves airs , you are criticizing them for behaving as if they are better than other people. (INFORMAL)

- We're poor and we never put on airs.

N-PLURAL disapproval

7. air airs airing aired
If a broadcasting company airs a television or radio programme, they show it on television or broadcast it on the radio. (mainly AM)

- Tonight PBS will air a documentary called `Democracy In Action'.

VB
= broadcast

8. airing

- Switzer said his program and his university could not tolerate the airing of this material.

N-SING

9. air airs airing aired
If you air your opinions, you make them known to people.

- They sat for more than six hours, and both sides agreed they had aired all their differences.

- The whole issue was thoroughly aired at the meeting.

VB
= express

10. airing

- While we're able to broach the subject of sex, money rarely gets an airing.

N-SING: a N

11. air airs airing aired
If you air a room or building, you let fresh air into it.

- One day a week her mother systematically cleaned and aired each room.

VB

12. airing

- Open all the windows of the bedroom and give it a good airing.

N-SING: a N

13. air airs airing aired
If you air clothing or bedding, you put it somewhere warm to make sure that it is completely dry.

- When the shirts were clean, I ironed them myself, aired them and placed them in drawers in his room.

VB

14. air
If you do something to clear the air , you do it in order to resolve any problems or disagreements that there might be.

- ...an inquiry just to clear the air and settle the facts of the case.

PHR: V inflects

15. air
If you refer to someone's airs and graces , you mean that they behave in a way that shows that they think they are more important than other people.

- The old clich´e of the customer being always right is what gives them airs and graces.

PHR disapproval

16. air
If something is in the air it is felt to be present, but it is not talked about.

- There was great excitement in the air.

- She walked away and left the question hanging in the air.

PHR

17. air
If someone is on the air , they are broadcasting on radio or television. If a programme is on the air , it is being broadcast on radio or television. If it is off the air , it is not being broadcast.

- Singer Dani Behr, 17, is going on the air as presenter of Channel 4's `The Word'.

- Rockwell hopes the program can be on the air within a year.

- This message did not reach me until after the programme went off the air.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

18. air
If someone or something disappears into thin air , they disappear completely. If someone or something appears out of thin air , they appear suddenly and mysteriously.

- `But where could they have gone?' he demanded. `They can't just vanish into thin air!'.

- He had materialized out of thin air; I had not seen or heard him coming.

PHR: PHR after v

19. air
If you say that a decision or a situation is up in the air , you mean that it has not yet been completely settled or planned.

- He told reporters today that the president's trip to Moscow is up in the air.

PHR: v-link PHR
= undecided ≠ settled

20. air
If you say that you are walking on air or floating on air , you mean that you feel extremely happy about something.

- As soon as I know I'm in the team it's like I'm walking on air.

PHR: V inflects

air

noun

1.

atmosphere

heavens

sky

2.

wind

breeze

draught

zephyr

3.

manner

appearance

atmosphere

aura

demeanour

impression

look

mood

4.

tune

aria

lay

melody

song

verb

5.

publicize

circulate

display

exhibit

express

give vent to

make known

make public

reveal

voice

6.

ventilate

aerate

expose

freshen

airing

noun

1.

ventilation

aeration

drying

freshening

2.

exposure

circulation

display

dissemination

expression

publicity

utterance

vent

airs

plural noun

affectation

arrogance

haughtiness

hauteur

pomposity

pretensions

superciliousness

swank informal

air ambulance

air ambulance air ambulances
An air ambulance is a helicopter or plane that is used for taking people to hospital.
N-COUNT: also by N

airbag

[ˈɛəbæɡ]

n.

安全气袋

airbag

airbag airbags
An airbag is a safety device in a car which automatically fills with air if the car crashes, and is designed to protect the people in the car when they are thrown forward in the crash.
N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) air bag

air base *

air base air bases
An air base is a centre where military aircraft take off or land and are serviced, and where many of the centre's staff live.
N-COUNT also airbase

airbed

n.

〈英〉充气床垫

airbed

airbed airbeds
An airbed is a plastic or rubber mattress which can be folded or stored flat and which you fill with air before you use it.
N-COUNT

airborne

[D.J.:ˈeəˌbɔ:n, -ˌbəʊrn]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌbɔrn, -ˌborn]

adj.

在空中的，(飞机)在飞行中的

空运的，空中运输的；机载的

空气传播的

<军>空降的

airborne *

1. airborne
If an aircraft is airborne , it is in the air and flying.

- The pilot did manage to get airborne.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

2. airborne
Airborne troops use parachutes to get into enemy territory.

- The allies landed thousands of airborne troops.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. airborne
Airborne means in the air or carried in the air.

- Many people are allergic to airborne pollutants such as pollen.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

airborne

adjective

flying

floating

gliding

hovering

in flight

in the air

on the wing

air brake

air brake air brakes
Air brakes are brakes which are used on heavy vehicles such as buses and trains and which are operated by means of compressed air.
N-COUNT

airbrush

[D.J.:ˈɛəbrʌʃ]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌbrʌʃ]

n.

油漆喷雾器

airbrush

1. airbrush airbrushes
An airbrush is an artist's tool which sprays paint onto a surface.
N-COUNT

2. airbrush airbrushing airbrushed
To airbrush a photograph or other image means to change it using an airbrush, especially to make it more beautiful or perfect.

- ...perfect airbrushed bodies.

- ...bits of photographs cut, pasted and then airbrushed to create a convincing whole.

VB

Airbus

Airbus Airbuses
An Airbus is an aeroplane which is designed to carry a large number of passengers for fairly short distances. (TRADEMARK)
N-COUNT

air conditioned *

air conditioned
If a room or vehicle is air conditioned , the air in it is kept cool and dry by means of a special machine.

- ...spacious air-conditioned offices.

ADJ (BRIT) also air-conditioned

air conditioner

air conditioner air conditioners
An air conditioner is a machine which keeps the air in a building cool and dry.
N-COUNT (BRIT) also air-conditioner

air conditioning *

air conditioning
Air conditioning is a method of providing buildings and vehicles with cool dry air.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n (BRIT) also air-conditioning

air-cooled

adj.

用空气冷却的

air-cooled

air-cooled
An air-cooled engine is prevented from getting too hot when it is running by cool air that passes over it, rather than being cooled by a liquid.

- The car was powered by a four cylinder air-cooled engine.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

aircraft

[D.J.:ˈɛəkrɑ:ft]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌkræft]

n.

飞机, 航空器, 飞行器

aircraft ****

aircraft
An aircraft is a vehicle which can fly, for example an aeroplane or a helicopter.

- The return flight of the aircraft was delayed.

- At least three military aircraft were destroyed.

N-COUNT aircraft is both the singular and the plural form

aircraft carrier *

aircraft carrier aircraft carriers
An aircraft carrier is a warship with a long, flat deck where aircraft can take off and land.
N-COUNT

aircrew

[D.J.:ˈeəkru:]

[K.K.:ˈɛrkru]

n.

(尤指空军的)机组人员,空勤人员,空勤组

aircrew

aircrew aircrews
The aircrew on a plane are the pilot and other people who are responsible for flying it and for looking after any passengers who are on it.
N-COUNT-COLL also air crew

airdrome

[D.J.:ˈɛədrəum]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌdrom]

n.

飞机场,机场

airdrome

airdrome airdromes
An airdrome is a place or area where small aircraft can land and take off. (AM; in BRIT use aerodrome )
N-COUNT
= airfield

air-drop

vt.，n.

空投

air-drop

1. air-drop air-drops
An air-drop is a delivery of supplies by aircraft to an area that is hard to get to. The supplies are dropped from the aircraft on parachutes.
N-COUNT (AM) also airdrop

2. air-drop air-drops air-dropping air-dropped
If a country or organization air-drops supplies to a place, it drops supplies there from aircraft.

- Meanwhile, United Nations plans to start air dropping food to rural villages are being held up.

VB (AM) also airdrop

airfare

[D.J.:ˈɛəfɛə]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌfɛr]

n.

飞机票价

airfare

airfare airfares
The airfare to a place is the amount it costs to fly there.
N-COUNT

airfield

[D.J.:ˈeəˌfi:ld]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌfild]

n.

(较小的无建筑的)飞机场

airfield *

airfield airfields
An airfield is an area of ground where aircraft take off and land. It is smaller than an airport.
N-COUNT

airflow

[D.J.:ˈeəˌfləʊ]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌflo]

n.

空气流动；(尤指行驶中车辆外的)气流

adj.

让空气自由流动的

流线型的

气流产生的

airflow

1. airflow
The airflow around an object or vehicle is the way that the air flows around it.
N-UNCOUNT

2. airflow airflows
An airflow is a wind, especially one that blows very high above the earth.
N-COUNT

air force ***

air force air forces.
An air force is the part of a country's armed forces that is concerned with fighting in the air.

- ...the United States Air Force...

- Jack Mann was a Royal Air Force fighter pilot during World War II.

N-COUNT

air freshener

air freshener air fresheners
An air freshener is a product people can buy which is meant to make rooms smell pleasant.
N-VAR

airgun

[D.J.:ˈeəgʌn]

[K.K.:ˈɛrɡʌn]

n.

气枪

airgun

airgun airguns
An airgun is a gun which is fired by means of air pressure.
N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) air gun

airhead

[D.J.:ˈeəˌhed]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌhɛd]

n.

<俚,贬>笨蛋,傻瓜,白痴

轻浮的人，油头(尤指漂亮愚笨无知的女子)

(空军部队在敌境内强行建立的)空降场

空军前进基地

airheaded

adj.

airhead

airhead airheads
If you describe someone, especially a young woman, as an airhead , you are critical of them because you think they are not at all clever and are interested only in unimportant things. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

air hostess

air hostess air hostesses
An air hostess is a woman whose job is to after the passengers in an aircraft. (BRIT; in AM use stewardess )
N-COUNT
= stewardess

airing cupboard

airing cupboard airing cupboards
In British houses, an airing cupboard is a warm cupboard where you put clothes and other things that have been washed and partly dried, to make sure they are completely dry.
N-COUNT

airless

[D.J.:ˈeəlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɛrlɪs]

adj.

不通气的, 无风的

无空气的

airlessness

n.

airless

airless
If a place is airless , there is no fresh air in it.

- ...a dark, airless room...

- The afternoon was hot, sticky and airless.

ADJ-GRADED

airless

adjective

stuffy

close

heavy

muggy

oppressive

stifling

suffocating

sultry

airlift

[D.J.:ˈeəˌlɪft]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌlɪft]

n.

空运

空运的旅客(或货物)；空运补给线

vt.

空运

airlift **

1. airlift airlifts
An airlift is an operation to move people, troops, or goods by air, especially in a war or when land routes are closed.

- President Garcia has ordered an airlift of food, medicines and blankets.

N-COUNT

2. airlift airlifts airlifting airlifted
If people, troops, or goods are airlifted somewhere, they are carried by air, especially in a war or when land routes are closed.

- The injured were airlifted to hospital in Prestwick.

- Other nationalities, such as Pakistanis, were being airlifted out by their governments.

- The government is trying to replenish supplies by airlifting food.

VB

airline

[D.J.:ˈɛəlain]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌlaɪn]

n.

航空公司

airline ****

airline airlines
An airline is a company which provides regular services carrying people or goods in aeroplanes.

- Eleven of Europe's 15 busiest routes are controlled by only two national airlines.

N-COUNT: oft in names

airliner

[D.J.:ˈeəˌlaɪnə]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌlaɪnɚ]

n.

客机, 班机

airliner *

airliner airliners
An airliner is a large aeroplane that is used for carrying passengers.
N-COUNT

airlock

[ˈɛəlɔk]

n.

①气塞②气闸室

airlock

1. airlock airlocks
An airlock is a small room that is used to move between areas which do not have the same air pressure, for example in a spacecraft or submarine.
N-COUNT also air lock

2. airlock airlocks
An airlock is a bubble of air in a pipe that prevents liquid from flowing through.
N-COUNT also air lock

airmail

[D.J.:ˈeəˌmeɪl]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌmel]

n.

航空邮件

vt.

航空邮寄

<谑>投，掷，抛

adj.

航空邮件的

航空邮递(用)的

adv.

通过航空邮寄

airmail

airmail
Airmail is the system of sending letters, parcels, and goods by air.

- ...an airmail letter...

- Goods are generally shipped by airmail.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n, by N

airman

[D.J.:ˈeəmən]

[K.K.:ˈɛrmən]

n.

(英国尤指军阶比军官低的)飞行员，机组成员

(美国空军军阶最低的)空军士兵

airman *

airman airmen
An airman is a man who flies aircraft, especially one who serves in his country's air force.

- ...an English airman.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

air miles

air miles
Air miles are points that you collect when you buy certain goods or services and which you can use to pay for air travel.
N-PLURAL

air pistol

air pistol air pistols
An air pistol is a small gun which is fired by means of air pressure.
N-COUNT

airplane

[D.J.:ˈɛəplein]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌplen]

n.

〈美〉飞机

airplane **

airplane airplanes
An airplane is a vehicle with wings and one or more engines that enable it to fly through the air. (AM; in BRIT use aeroplane )
N-COUNT

airplay

[D.J.:ˈɛəplei]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌple]

n.

(无线电台上)唱片的播送

airplay

airplay
The airplay which a piece of popular music receives is the number of times it is played on the radio.

- We were fortunate enough to get a lot of Radio 1 airplay with our first single.

N-UNCOUNT: oft supp N

airport

[D.J.:ˈɛəpɔ:t]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌpɔrt, -ˌport]

n.

〈主美〉航空站, 机场, 航空港

airport ****

airport airports
An airport is a place where aircraft land and take off, which has buildings and facilities for passengers.

- ...Heathrow Airport, the busiest international airport in the world.

N-COUNT: oft in names

air power *

air power
A nation's air power is the strength of its air force.

- The U.S. says it will use air power to protect the peacekeepers if they call for help.

N-UNCOUNT also airpower

air raid *

air raid air raids
An air raid is an attack by military aircraft in which bombs are dropped. This expression is usually used by the country or group that is suffering the attack. Compare air strike .

- The war began with overnight air raids on Baghdad and Kuwait.

- ...an underground air raid shelter.

N-COUNT: oft N on n, N n

air rifle

air rifle air rifles
An air rifle is a rifle which is fired by means of air pressure.
N-COUNT

airship

[D.J.:ˈeəˌʃɪp]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌʃɪp]

n.

飞艇,飞船

airshippable

adj.

airship *

airship airships
An airship is an aircraft that consists of a large balloon which is filled with gas and is powered by an engine. It has a section underneath for passengers.
N-COUNT

airshow

airshow airshows
An airshow is an event at which aeroplane pilots entertain the public by performing very skilful and complicated movements with the aircraft in the sky.
N-COUNT also air show

airspace

[D.J.:ˈeəˌspeɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌspes]

n.

领空;(某国的)空域

airspace

airspace
A country's airspace is the part of the sky that is over that country and is considered to belong to it.

- Forty minutes later, they left Colombian airspace.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp also air space

airspeed

[ˈɛəspi:d]

n.

空速

airspeed

airspeed airspeeds
An aircraft's airspeed is the speed at which it travels through the air.
N-COUNT also air speed

air strike *

air strike air strikes
An air strike is an attack by military aircraft in which bombs are dropped. This expression is usually used by the country or group that is carrying out the attack. Compare air raid .

- A senior defence official said last night that they would continue the air strikes.

N-COUNT also airstrike

airstrip

[D.J.:ˈɛəstrip]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌstrɪp]

n.

飞机跑道

airstrip *

airstrip airstrips
An airstrip is a stretch of land which has been cleared so that aircraft can take off and land.

- We landed on a grass airstrip, fifteen minutes after leaving Mahe.

N-COUNT

air terminal

air terminal air terminals
An air terminal is a building in which passengers wait before they get on to an aeroplane. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

airtight

[D.J.:ˈeəˌtaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌtaɪt]

adj.

不透气的, 密封的

<主美口>(防守等)严密的，无懈可击的，无漏洞的，天衣无缝的

airtightly

adv.

airtightness

n.

airtightness

气密性;密封度;密封性;不透气性

airtight

1. airtight
If a container is airtight , its lid fits so tightly that no air can get in or out.

- Store the cookies in an airtight tin.

ADJ also air-tight

2. airtight
An airtight alibi, case, argument, or agreement is one that has been so carefully put together that nobody will be able to find a fault in it. (AM; in BRIT use watertight )

- If she could just establish the time the picture had been taken, Mick would have an airtight alibi.

ADJ also air-tight

air time

air time
The airtime that something gets is the amount of time taken up with broadcasts about it.

- Even the best women's teams get little air time.

- They devoted their entire airtime to covering the storm.

N-UNCOUNT also airtime

air-to-air

[D.J.:ˈɛətəˈɛə]

[K.K.:ˌɛrtəˈɛr]

adj.

空对空的

air-to-air

air-to-air
Air-to-air combat is a battle between military aeroplanes where rockets or bullets are fired at one aeroplane from another.

- ...air-to-air missiles.

ADJ: ADJ n

air traffic control

1. air traffic control
Air traffic control is the activity of organizing the routes that aircraft should follow, and telling pilots by radio which routes they should take.

- ...the nation's overburdened air-traffic-control system.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. air traffic control
Air traffic control is the group of people who organize the routes aircraft take.

- They have to wait for clearance from air traffic control.

N-UNCOUNT-COLL

air traffic controller *

air traffic controller air traffic controllers
An air traffic controller is someone whose job is to organize the routes that aircraft should follow, and to tell pilots by radio which routes they should take.
N-COUNT

airwaves

[ˈɛəweivz]

n.

电视广播

airwaves *

1. airwaves
The airwaves is used to refer to the activity of broadcasting on radio and television. For example, if someone says something over the airwaves , they say it on the radio or television. (JOURNALISM)

- The election campaign has been fought not in street rallies but on the airwaves.

- The song was banned from the airwaves.

N-PLURAL: usu the N also air waves

2. airwaves
Airwaves are the radio waves which are used in radio and television broadcasting.
N-PLURAL also air waves

airway

[D.J.:ˈeəˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌwe]

n.

(矿井的)风道,风巷

航线，航路

航空公司

通气道, 通风巷

(肺的)气道;(麻醉时用的)导气管

airways

n.

航空公司

airway **

1. airway airways
A person's airways are the passages from their nose and mouth down to their lungs, through which air enters and leaves their body.

- ...an inflammation of the airways.

N-COUNT

2. airway airways
The airways are all the routes that planes can travel along.

- How does a private pilot get access to the airways?

N-PLURAL: usu the N

3. airway airways
Airways means the same as airwaves .

- The interview went out over the airways.

N-PLURAL: usu the N

airwoman

[D.J.:ˈeəwʊmən]

[K.K.:ˈɛrwʊmən]

n.

女飞行员；空勤组女成员

空军女兵

airwoman

airwoman airwomen
An airwoman is a woman who flies aircraft, especially one who serves in her country's air force.
N-COUNT

airworthiness

n.

耐飞性

airworthy

[D.J.:ˈeəˌwɜ:ði:]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌwə..ði]

adj.

(指飞机)适航的，飞行性能良好的

airworthy

1. airworthy
If an aircraft is airworthy , it is safe to fly.

- The mechanics try to keep the helicopters airworthy, but they're suffering from a lack of spare parts.

ADJ-GRADED

2. airworthiness

- All our aircraft have certificates of airworthiness.

N-UNCOUNT

airily

[D.J.:ˈeərɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɛrəlɪ]

adv.

活泼地

快活地

轻率地

airiness

[ˈɛərinis]

n.

通风,空虚

airy

[D.J.:ˈeəri:]

[K.K.:ˈɛri]

adj.

空气的;大气的

空中的;高耸入云的

通风的，空气新鲜的

虚幻的;出于空想的

轻而薄的

轻快的;优美的

快活的;欢乐的

做作的;高傲的

轻率的

airily

adv.

airiness

n.

airy *

1. airy airier airiest
If a building or room is airy , it has a lot of fresh air inside, usually because it is large.

- The bathroom has a light and airy feel.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ stuffy

2. airy airier airiest
You can use airy to describe someone's behaviour when they are light-hearted and casual about things which some people take seriously.

- Giving them an airy wave of his hand, the Commander sailed past.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= casual ≠ serious

3. airily

- `I'll be all right,' he said airily. `It was only a thought.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

airy

adjective

1.

well-ventilated

fresh

light

open

spacious

uncluttered

2.

light-hearted

blithe

cheerful

high-spirited

jaunty

lively

sprightly

airy-fairy

[D.J.:ˈeəri:ˈfeəri:]

[K.K.:ˈɛriˈfɛri]

adj.

象童话中仙子般的,空想的

airy-fairy

airy-fairy
If you describe someone's ideas as airy-fairy , you are critical of them because you think the ideas are vague, impractical, and unrealistic. (BRIT)

- ...their airy-fairy principles.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

aisle

[D.J.:ail]

[K.K.:aɪl]

n.

过道, 通道

aisle *

1. aisle aisles
An aisle is a long narrow gap that people can walk along between rows of seats in a public building such as a church or between rows of shelves in a supermarket.

- He started down the centre aisle.

- ...the frozen food aisle.

N-COUNT

2. aisle
The aisle is used in expressions such as walking down the aisle to refer to the activity of getting married.

- He was in no hurry to walk down the aisle.

N-SING: the N

aisle

noun

passageway

alley

corridor

gangway

lane

passage

path

ajar

[D.J.:əˈdʒɑ:]

[K.K.:əˈdʒɑr]

adj.

半开着的

adv.

半开着；微开着

不协调地，不和谐地，不一致地，不符合地

ajar

ajar
If a door is ajar , it is slightly open.

- He left the door ajar in case I needed him.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

aka *

aka
aka is an abbreviation for `also known as'. aka is used especially when referring to someone's nickname or stage name.

- From the very beginning, Stuart Leslie Goddard, aka Adam Ant, knew he was going to be a star.

The spelling a.k.a. is also used, especially in American English.

akimbo

[D.J.:əˈkimbəu]

[K.K.:əˈkɪmbo]

adj.,adv.

两手叉腰的[地]

akimbo

akimbo
If you stand arms akimbo or with arms akimbo , you stand with your hands on your hips and your elbows pointing outwards. (OLD-FASHIONED)
PHR: usu PHR after v

akin

[D.J.:əˈkɪn]

[K.K.:əˈkɪn]

adj.

相似的；类似的

同族的，同祖宗的，有血缘关系的

关系密切的，亲近的，亲和的

同源的

adv.

在亲缘关系上

akin *

akin
If one thing is akin to another, it is similar to it in some way. (FORMAL)

- Cooking is a physical activity, more akin to woodwork or gardening than to reading or listening to music.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n

à la

à la
If you do something à la a particular person, you do it in the same style or in the same way that they would do it.

- Choose a crisp, tailored dress à la Audrey Hepburn in Breakfast At Tiffany's.

PHR-PREP: PREP n-proper

alabaster

[D.J.:ˈæləˌbæstə]

[K.K.:ˈæləˌbæstɚ]

n.

雪花石膏

条纹大理石，蜡石

adj.

雪花石膏(制)的

白色的,光滑的

alabaster

1. alabaster
Alabaster is a white stone that is used for making statues, vases, and ornaments.

- ...four carved alabaster figures of maidens.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

2. alabaster
If you say that someone has alabaster skin, you mean that their skin is very beautiful because it is so white and smooth. (LITERARY)

- She wore a fine chain about her alabaster neck.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

à la carte

1. à la carte
An à la carte menu in a restaurant offers you a choice of individually priced dishes for each course.

- You could choose as much or as little as you wanted from an à la carte menu.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. à la carte
Also an adverb.

- Choose a light snack in the caf´e or eat à la carte in the elegant dining room.

ADV: ADV after v

alacritous

adj.

快活的,活泼的

alacrity

[D.J.:əˈlækrɪti:]

[K.K.:əˈlækrɪti]

n.

敏捷，活泼，轻快

欣然,乐意

alacritous

adj.

alacrity

alacrity
If you do something with alacrity , you do it quickly and eagerly. (FORMAL)

- As you can imagine, I accepted with alacrity.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with N

alacrity

noun

eagerness

alertness

enthusiasm

promptness

quickness

readiness

speed

willingness

zeal

alarm

[D.J.:əˈlɑ:m]

[K.K.:əˈlɑrm]

vt.

警告

使惊慌

n.

警钟, 警报器, 闹钟

警报

惊恐, 忧虑

alarmed

[D.J.:əˈlɑ:md]

adj.

担心的, 害怕的

alarming

[D.J.:əˈlɑ:miŋ]

adj.

使人害怕的;扰乱人心的

alarmingly

adv.

alarm ***

1. alarm
Alarm is a feeling of fear or anxiety that something unpleasant or dangerous might happen.

- The news was greeted with alarm by MPs.

- She sat up in alarm.

- The moves reflect growing alarm over recent events.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with/in N, N over/about n
= apprehension

2. alarm alarms alarming alarmed
If something alarms you, it makes you afraid or anxious that something unpleasant or dangerous might happen.

- We could not see what had alarmed him.

VB
= frighten

3. alarm alarms
An alarm is an automatic device that warns you of danger, for example by ringing a bell.

- He heard the alarm go off.

- ...an extremely sophisticated alarm system...

- The other man rang the alarm bell.

N-COUNT

4. alarm alarms
An alarm is the same as an alarm clock .
N-COUNT

5. alarm
If you say that something sets alarm bells ringing, you mean that it makes people feel worried or concerned about something.

- This has set the alarm bells ringing in Moscow.

- Alarm bells are beginning to sound at Westminster.

PHR: N inflects
= warning bells

6. alarm
If you raise the alarm or sound the alarm , you warn people of danger.

- His family raised the alarm when he had not come home by 9pm.

PHR: V inflects

alarmed *

alarmed
If someone is alarmed , they feel afraid or anxious that something unpleasant or dangerous might happen.

- They should not be too alarmed by the press reports.

- The Americans are alarmed at this prospect.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ by/at n

alarming **

1. alarming
Something that is alarming makes you feel afraid or anxious that something unpleasant or dangerous might happen.

- The disease has spread at an alarming rate.

- ...the alarming increase in crime.

ADJ-GRADED
= worrying

2. alarmingly

- ...the alarmingly high rate of heart disease.

ADV-GRADED

alarm

noun

1.

fear

anxiety

apprehension

consternation

fright

nervousness

panic

scare

trepidation

2.

danger signal

alarm bell

alert

bell

distress signal

hooter

siren

warning

verb

3.

frighten

daunt

dismay

distress

give (someone) a turn informal

panic

scare

startle

unnerve

alarming

adjective

frightening

daunting

distressing

disturbing

scaring

shocking

startling

unnerving

alarm clock

alarm clock alarm clocks
An alarm clock is a clock that you can set to make a noise so that it wakes you up at a particular time.

- I set my alarm clock for 4.30.

N-COUNT
= alarm

alarmist

[D.J.:əˈlɑ:mist]

[K.K.:əˈlɑrmɪst]

n.

大惊小怪者,杞人忧天者

alarmist

1. alarmist
Someone or something that is alarmist causes unnecessary fear or anxiety that something unpleasant or dangerous is going to happen.

- The change is not as dramatic as some of the more alarmist reports would have us believe.

ADJ-GRADED

2. alarmist alarmists
An alarmist is someone who causes unnecessary fear or anxiety that something unpleasant or dangerous might happen.
N-COUNT

alas

[D.J.:əˈlæs]

[K.K.:əˈlæs]

int.

(表示悲痛、遗憾)哎呀

alas *

alas
You use alas to say that you think that the facts you are talking about are sad or unfortunate. (FORMAL)

- Such scandals have not, alas, been absent.

- Alas, it's not that simple.

ADV: ADV with cl feelings
= sadly

Albanian

[D.J.:ælˈbeinjən]

[K.K.:ælˈbeniən, -ˈbenjən, ɔl-]

adj.

阿尔巴尼亚的,阿尔巴尼亚人[语]的

Albanian ***

1. Albanian
Albanian means belonging or relating to Albania, its people, language, or culture.

- Her parents were Albanian.

- ...the Albanian coast.

ADJ

2. Albanian Albanians
An Albanian is an Albanian citizen or a person of Albanian origin.
N-COUNT

3. Albanian
Albanian is the language spoken by people who live in Albania.
N-UNCOUNT

albatross

[D.J.:ˈælbətrɔs]

[K.K.:ˈælbəˌtrɔs, -ˌtrɑs]

n.

信天翁,沉重负担

albatross

1. albatross albatrosses
An albatross is a very large white seabird.
N-COUNT

2. albatross albatrosses
If you describe something or someone as an albatross around your neck, you mean that they cause you great problems from which you cannot escape, or they prevent you from doing what you want to do.

- Privatization could become a political albatross for the ruling party.

N-COUNT: usu with supp disapproval

albeit

[D.J.:ɔ:lˈbi:ɪt, æl-]

[K.K.:ɔlˈbiɪt, æl-]

conj.

尽管, 即使

albeit **

albeit
You use albeit to introduce a fact or comment which reduces the force or significance of what you have just said. (FORMAL)

- Charles's letter was indeed published, albeit in a somewhat abbreviated form.

ADV: ADV with cl/group
= although

albino

[D.J.:ælˈbi:nəu]

[K.K.:ælˈbaɪno]

n.

白化病者,白化变种

albino

1. albino albinos
An albino is a person or animal with very white skin, white hair, and pink eyes.
N-COUNT

2. albino
Also an adjective.

- There were three albino deer in his yard.

ADJ: ADJ n

album

[D.J.:ˈælbəm]

[K.K.:ˈælbəm]

n.

粘贴簿, 集邮簿, 相册

唱片

album ****

1. album albums
An album is a record with about 25 minutes of music on each side. You can also refer to a collection of songs that is available on a record, cassette, or CD as an album .

- Chris likes music and has a large collection of albums and cassettes.

N-COUNT
= LP

2. album albums
An album is a book in which you keep things such as photographs or stamps that you have collected.

- Theresa showed me her photo album.

N-COUNT: oft n N

albumen

[D.J.:ˈælbjumin]

[K.K.:ælˈbjumən]

n.

蛋白,胚乳

albumen

albumen
Albumen is the same as albumin .
N-UNCOUNT

albumin

[D.J.:ælˈbjumin]

[K.K.:ælˈbjumɪn]

n.

清蛋白,白蛋白

albumin

albumin
Albumin is a protein that is found in blood plasma, egg white, and some other substances.
N-UNCOUNT

alchemic

adj.

炼金术的

alchemical

adj.

炼金术的,炼丹术的

alchemically

adv.

炼金术地,炼丹术地

alchemistic

[ˌælkiˈmistik]

adj.

炼金术(士)的

alchemistical

adj.

炼金术的,炼金术士的

alchemy

[D.J.:ˈælkəmi:]

[K.K.:ˈælkəmi]

n.

炼金术，炼丹术

(改变事物、物质的)魔力(或方法)

(事物、物质的)神秘变化

alchemic

adj.

alchemical

adj.

alchemistic

adj.

alchemistical

adj.

alchemically

adv.

alchemical

alchemical
Alchemical means relating to the science of alchemy.

- ...alchemical experiments.

- ...Ruland's Alchemical Dictionary.

ADJ: ADJ n

alchemist

[D.J.:ˈælkimist]

[K.K.:ˈælkəmɪst]

n.

炼金术士

alchemist

alchemist alchemists
An alchemist was a scientist in the Middle Ages who tried to discover how to change ordinary metals into gold.
N-COUNT

alchemy

1. alchemy
Alchemy was a form of chemistry studied in the Middle Ages, which was concerned with trying to discover ways to change ordinary metals into gold.
N-UNCOUNT

2. alchemy
Alchemy is the power to change or create things in a way which seems mysterious and magical. (LITERARY)

- Let us imagine that by some political alchemy it had been possible to make all men equal.

N-UNCOUNT
= wizardry

alcohol

[D.J.:ˈælkəˌhɔl]

[K.K.:ˈælkəˌhɔl, -ˌhɑl]

n.

酒; 酒精; 含酒精的饮料

alcohols

醇类

alcohol ***

1. alcohol
Drinks that can make people drunk, such as beer, wine, and whisky, can be referred to as alcohol .

- Do either of you smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol?.

- No alcohol is allowed on the premises.

N-UNCOUNT

2. alcohol alcohols
Alcohol is a colourless liquid that is found in drinks such as beer, wine, and whisky. It is also used in products such as perfumes and cleaning fluids.

- ...low-alcohol beer...

- Products for dry skin have little or no alcohol.

N-MASS

alcoholic

[D.J.:ˌælkəˈhɔlik]

[K.K.:ˌælkəˈhɔlɪk, -ˈhɑlɪk]

adj.

酒精的

n.

嗜酒者, 酒鬼

alcoholic **

1. alcoholic alcoholics
An alcoholic is someone who cannot stop drinking large amounts of alcohol, even when this is making them ill.

- He showed great courage by admitting on television that he is an alcoholic.

N-COUNT

2. alcoholic
Alcoholic drinks are drinks that contain alcohol.

- The serving of alcoholic drinks was forbidden after six o'clock.

- ...tea, coffee, and alcoholic beverages.

ADJ-GRADED

alcoholic

noun

1.

drunkard

dipsomaniac

drinker

drunk

inebriate

tippler

toper

wino informal

adjective

2.

intoxicating

brewed

distilled

fermented

hard

strong

alcoholism

[D.J.:ˈælkəhɔ:ˌlɪzəm, -hɔ-]

[K.K.:ˈælkəhɔˌlɪzəm, -hɑ-]

n.

酒精中毒

alcoholism *

alcoholism
People who suffer from alcoholism cannot stop drinking large quantities of alcohol.

- ...a physician who specialized in the problems of alcoholism.

N-UNCOUNT

alcove

[D.J.:ˈælˌkəʊv]

[K.K.:ˈælˌkov]

n.

壁龛，(墙壁的)凹处

凹室；角落

<古>僻静处；隐藏处；幽深处

(花园)凉亭，避暑别墅

alcove *

alcove alcoves
An alcove is a small area of a room which is formed by one part of a wall being built further back than the rest of the wall.

- In the alcoves on either side of the fire were bookshelves.

N-COUNT
= niche

alcove

noun

recess

bay

compartment

corner

cubbyhole

cubicle

niche

nook

al dente

al dente
If you cook pasta or a vegetable until it is al dente , you cook it just long enough so that it is neither hard nor soft but is firm and slightly chewy.
ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

alder

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ldə]

[K.K.:ˈɔldɚ]

n.

桤木

alder

alder alders
An alder is a species of tree or shrub that grows especially in cool, damp places and loses its leaves in winter.
N-VAR

alderman

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ldəmən]

[K.K.:ˈɔldəmən]

n.

市府参事,市议员

alderman

1. alderman
In some parts of the United States and Canada, an alderman is a member of the governing body of a city.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

2. alderman
Until 1974 in England and Wales, an alderman was a senior member of a local council who was elected by other councillors.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

ale

[D.J.:eɪl]

[K.K.:el]

n.

浓啤酒

(英国产)麦芽酒

(英国乡村的)麦芽酒节

cakes and ale

欢乐，物质享受，生活中的好东西，世间乐事

ale *

ale ales
Ale is a kind of strong beer.

- ...our selection of ales and spirits.

N-MASS
See also ginger ale , real ale .

alehouse

[D.J.:ˈeilˌhaus]

[K.K.:ˈelˌhaʊs]

n.

出售麦酒(比普通啤酒要烈,色深)的酒店,酒馆

alehouse

alehouse alehouses
An alehouse is a pub. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

alert

[D.J.:əˈlə:t]

[K.K.:əˈlɚt]

adj.

警惕的, 警觉的, 注意的

机灵的, 敏捷的

vt.

使(某人)保持警觉

提醒(某人)注意(某事)

n.

警戒; 警报

alerting

[əˈlə:tiŋ]

n.

发信号

alertness

n.

警戒,机敏

alert ***

1. alert
If you are alert , you are paying full attention to things around you and are able to deal with anything that might happen.

- We all have to stay alert.

- He had been spotted by an alert neighbour.

ADJ-GRADED
= attentive ≠ unprepared

2. alertness

- The drug improved mental alertness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. alert
If you are alert to something, you are fully aware of it.

- The bank is alert to the danger.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n

4. alert alerts
An alert is a situation in which people prepare themselves for something dangerous that might happen soon.

- Due to a security alert, this train will not be stopping at Oxford Circus.

N-COUNT

5. alert alerts alerting alerted
If you alert someone to a situation, especially a dangerous or unpleasant situation, you tell them about it.

- He wanted to alert people to the activities of the group.

- I was hoping he'd alert the police.

VB

6. alert
If soldiers or police are on alert , they are ready to deal with anything that may happen.

- Soldiers and police have been put on alert.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

7. alert
If you are on the alert for something, you are ready to deal with it if it happens.

- They want to be on the alert for similar buying opportunities.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

alert

adjective

1.

watchful

attentive

awake

circumspect

heedful

observant

on guard

on one's toes

on the lookout

vigilant

wide-awake

noun

2.

warning

alarm

signal

siren

verb

3.

warn

alarm

forewarn

inform

notify

signal

alertness

noun

watchfulness

attentiveness

heedfulness

liveliness

vigilance

A level **

A level A levels
A levels are British educational qualifications which schoolchildren take when they are seventeen or eighteen years old. People usually need A levels if they want to go to university in Britain.

- He left school with four A levels.

- Laura is taking A levels next summer in theatre and religious studies.

N-VAR

alfalfa

[D.J.:ælˈfælfə]

[K.K.:ælˈfælfə]

n.

苜蓿

alfalfa

alfalfa
Alfalfa is a plant that is used for feeding farm animals. The shoots that develop from its seeds are sometimes eaten as a vegetable.
N-UNCOUNT
= lucerne

alfresco

[D.J.:ælˈfreskəu]

[K.K.:ælˈfrɛsko]

adv.

在户外,在露天

alfresco

1. alfresco
An alfresco activity, especially a meal, is one that takes place in the open air.

- We woke to a wonderful al fresco breakfast of dates, figs and melon.

ADJ: ADJ n also al fresco
= outdoor

2. alfresco
Also an adverb.

- He came across the man shaving alfresco.

ADV: ADV after v also al fresco

algae

[D.J.:ˈældʒi:]

[K.K.:ˈældʒi]

n.

水藻

algae *

algae
Algae is a type of plant with no stems or leaves that grows in water or on damp surfaces.
N-UNCOUNT-COLL

alga

[D.J.:ˈælgə]

[K.K.:ˈælɡə]

n.

水藻

algal

adj. &n.

algal

[ˈælɡəl]

adj.

海藻的

algal

algal
Algal means relating to algae.

- Sewage nutrients do increase algal growth in the harbour.

ADJ: ADJ n

algebra

[D.J.:ˈældʒibrə]

[K.K.:ˈældʒəbrə]

n.

代数学, 代数

algebra

algebra
Algebra is a type of mathematics in which letters are used to represent possible quantities.
N-UNCOUNT

algebraic

[D.J.:ˌældʒiˈbreiik]

[K.K.:ˌældʒəˈbreɪk]

adj.

代数的,关于代数学的

algebraic

algebraic
Algebraic equations, expressions, and principles are based on or use algebra.
ADJ: ADJ n

Algerian

[ælˈdʒiəriən]

n.

阿尔及利亚人；阿尔及尔人

adj.

①阿尔及利亚的；阿尔及利亚人的；阿尔及利亚生活方式的②阿尔及尔的；阿尔及尔人的

Algerian ***

1. Algerian
Algerian means belonging or relating to Algeria, or its people or culture.

- ...the Algerian desert.

- ...a young Algerian actor.

ADJ

2. Algerian Algerians
An Algerian is an Algerian citizen or a person of Algerian origin.
N-COUNT

algorithm

[D.J.:ˈælɡəriðəm]

[K.K.:ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm]

n.

运算法则

algorithm

algorithm algorithms
An algorithm is a series of mathematical steps, especially in a computer programme, which will give you the answer to a particular kind of problem or question.
N-COUNT

alias

[D.J.:ˈeɪli:əs, ˈeɪljəs]

[K.K.:ˈeliəs, ˈeljəs]

n.

别名, 化名

adv.

以化名为人所知，化名为，别名为，别称，又叫

alias *

1. alias aliases
An alias is a false name, especially one used by a criminal.

- Using an alias, he had rented a house in Fleet, Hampshire.

N-COUNT

2. alias
You use alias when you are mentioning another name that someone, especially a criminal or an actor, is known by.

- Richard Thorp, alias Alan Turner, said yesterday: `It is a sad time for both of us.'

PREP: n-proper PREP n-proper

alias

adverb

1.

also known as

also called

otherwise

otherwise known as

noun

2.

pseudonym

assumed name

nom de guerre

nom de plume

pen name

stage name

alibi

[D.J.:ˈæləˌbaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈæləˌbaɪ]

n.

某人在别处的证据, 不在犯罪现场的证人

<美口>借口，托辞

alibi *

1. alibi alibis
If you have an alibi , you can prove that you were somewhere else when a crime was committed.
N-COUNT

2. alibi alibis
You can say that someone has an alibi when they can prove that something was not their fault.

- A role as senior diplomat would be a good alibi for his absence.

N-COUNT

alibi

noun

excuse

defence

explanation

justification

plea

pretext

reason

alien

[D.J.:ˈeiljən]

[K.K.:ˈeliən, ˈeljən]

adj.

外国的, 外国人的

陌生的

性质不同的

n.

外国人, 外侨, 局外人

外星人

alien **

1. alien
Alien means belonging to a different country, race, or group, usually one you do not like or are frightened of. (FORMAL)

- He said they were opposed to what he described as the presence of alien forces in the region.

ADJ: usu ADJ n disapproval
= foreign

2. alien
You use alien to describe something that seems strange and perhaps frightening, because it is not part of your normal experience.

- His work offers an insight into an alien culture.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= strange

3. alien
If something is alien to you or to your normal feelings or behaviour, it is not the way you would normally feel or behave. (FORMAL)

- Such an attitude is alien to most businessmen.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n
= foreign

4. alien aliens
An alien is someone who is not a legal citizen of the country in which they live. (FORMAL or LEGAL)

- Both women had hired illegal aliens for child care.

- When war broke out, he was interned as an enemy alien.

N-COUNT
= foreigner

5. alien aliens
In science fiction, an alien is a creature from outer space.
N-COUNT

alien

adjective

1.

foreign

exotic

incongruous

strange

unfamiliar

noun

2.

foreigner

newcomer

outsider

stranger

alienate

[D.J.:ˈeiljəneit]

[K.K.:ˈeljəˌnet, ˈeliə-]

vt.

使疏远, 使不友好, 离间

转让, 让渡(财产等)

alienated

[D.J.:ˈeɪljəneɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈeljənetɪd]

adj.

感到孤独的,不合群的

alienation

[D.J.:ˌeɪljəˈneɪʃən, ˌeɪli:ə-]

[K.K.:ˌeljəˈneʃən, ˌeliə-]

n.

离间,疏远

(觉得周围环境与自己格格不入的)疏离感；离心离德

alienate **

1. alienate alienates alienating alienated
If you alienate someone, you make them become unfriendly or unsympathetic towards you.

- The government cannot afford to alienate either group.

VB

2. alienate alienates alienating alienated
To alienate a person from someone or something that they are normally linked with means to cause them to be emotionally or intellectually separated from them.

- His second wife, Alice, was determined to alienate him from his two boys.

VB

3. alienated

- He felt alienated from his peers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ from n

4. alienation

- ...the alienation of many from the political process...

- Her sense of alienation from the world disappeared.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of/from n

alienate

verb

set against

disaffect

estrange

make unfriendly

turn away

alienation

noun

setting against

disaffection

estrangement

remoteness

separation

turning away

alight

[D.J.:əˈlaɪt]

[K.K.:əˈlaɪt]

vi.

飞落

alight on/upon

突然注意到；偶然发现(或想到)

adj.

点着的, 照亮的

alight *

1. alight
If something is alight , it is burning.

- Several buildings were set alight.

- The gas fire was still alight.

ADJ: v n ADJ, v-link ADJ
= ablaze

2. alight
If someone's eyes are alight or if their face is alight , the expression in their eyes or on their face shows that they are feeling a strong emotion such as excitement or happiness. (LITERARY)

- Her eyes were alight with a girlish enjoyment of life.

- She paused and turned, her face alight with happiness.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n
= alive

3. alight alights alighting alighted
If a bird or insect alights somewhere, it lands there. (LITERARY)

- A thrush alighted on a branch of the pine tree.

VB

4. alight alights alighting alighted
When you alight from a train, bus, or other vehicle, you get out of it after a journey. (FORMAL)

- Two men alighted from the vehicle.

VB
= get off

5. alight alights alighting alighted
If someone alights on something, they suddenly see it, think of it, or take an interest in it. (LITERARY)

- He would then suddenly alight on the tune he really wanted to play.

VB
= hit upon

alight

verb

1.

get off

descend

disembark

dismount

get down

2.

land

come down

come to rest

descend

light

perch

settle

touch down

alight

adjective

1.

on fire

ablaze

aflame

blazing

burning

fiery

flaming

lighted

lit

2.

lit up

bright

brilliant

illuminated

shining

align

[D.J.:əˈlaɪn]

[K.K.:əˈlaɪn]

vt.

使成一线

align yourself with sb/sth

公开支持(某人、集体或观点)

aligning

[əˈlainiŋ]

n.

矫正(路线),(直线)对准

align *

1. align aligns aligning aligned
If you align yourself with a particular group, you support them because you have the same political aim.

- Of late, though, there have been signs that the prime minister is aligning himself with the liberals.

- He has attempted to align the Socialists with the environmental movement.

VB

2. align aligns aligning aligned
If you align something, you place it in a certain position in relation to something else, usually parallel to it.

- A tripod will be useful to align and steady the camera.

- Keep the rough edge of the fabric aligned with the raw edge of the piping.

VB

align

verb

1.

ally

affiliate

agree

associate

cooperate

join

side

sympathize

2.

line up

even up

order

range

regulate

straighten

alignment

[D.J.:əˈlaɪnmənt]

[K.K.:əˈlaɪnmənt]

n.

排成直线

alignment *

1. alignment alignments
An alignment is support for a particular group, especially in politics, or for a side in a quarrel or struggle.

- He refused to compromise the church by a particular political alignment.

- His increasing alignment with the Reagan administration nearly cost him re-election.

N-VAR
= affiliation

2. alignment
The alignment of something is its position in relation to something else or to its correct position.

- They shunned the belief that there is a link between the alignment of the planets and events on the Earth.

N-UNCOUNT
= position

alignment

noun

1.

alliance

affiliation

agreement

association

cooperation

sympathy

union

2.

lining up

adjustment

arrangement

evening up

order

straightening up

alike

[D.J.:əˈlaik]

[K.K.:əˈlaɪk]

adj.

同样的, 相像的

adv.

同样地

alike **

1. alike
If two or more things are alike , they are similar in some way.

- We looked very alike.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
≠ different

2. alike
Alike means in a similar way.

- They even dressed alike.

- ...their assumption that all men and women think alike.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
≠ differently

3. alike
You use alike after mentioning two or more people, groups, or things in order to emphasize that you are referring to both or all of them.

- The techniques are being applied almost everywhere by big and small firms alike.

ADV: n and n ADV emphasis
= equally

alike

adjective

1.

similar

akin

analogous

corresponding

identical

of a piece

parallel

resembling

the same

adverb

2.

similarly

analogously

correspondingly

equally

evenly

identically

uniformly

alimentary canal

alimentary canal alimentary canals
The alimentary canal in a person or animal is the passage in their body through which food passes from their mouth to their anus.
N-COUNT

alimony

[D.J.:ˈæliməni]

[K.K.:ˈæləˌmoni]

n.

(离婚或分居后在诉讼期间男方给女方的)赡养费,生活费

alimony

alimony
Alimony is money that a court of law orders someone to pay regularly to their former wife or husband after they have got divorced. Compare palimony .

- A great deal of Jeff's money went in alimony to his three former wives.

N-UNCOUNT

alive

[D.J.:əˈlaiv]

[K.K.:əˈlaɪv]

adj.

活着的, 在世的, 存在的

有活力的, 活跃的, 有生气的

alive ***

1. alive
If people or animals are alive , they are not dead.

- She does not know if he is alive or dead.

- They kept her alive on a life support machine.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, keep n ADJ
≠ dead

2. alive
If you say that someone seems alive , you mean that they seem to be very lively and to enjoy everything that they do.

- She seemed more alive and looked forward to getting up in the morning.

- I never expected to feel so alive in my life again.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

3. alive
If an activity, organization, or situation is alive , it continues to exist or function.

- The big factories are trying to stay alive by cutting costs.

- Both communities have a tradition of keeping history alive.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, keep n ADJ
≠ dead

4. alive
If a place is alive with something, there are a lot of people or things there and it seems busy or exciting.

- The river was alive with birds.

- The street was alive with the sounds of the soldiers.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n

5. alive
If you are alive to a situation or problem, you are aware of it and realize how important it is.

- You must be alive to opportunity!.

- He was alive to what he was doing.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n/wh

6. alive
If people, places, or events come alive , they start to be lively again after a quiet period. If someone or something brings them alive , they cause them to come alive.

- The doctor's voice had come alive and his small eyes shone.

- ...the songs of birds that bring the garden alive.

PHR: V inflects

7. alive
If a story or description comes alive , it becomes interesting, lively, or realistic. If someone or something brings it alive , they make it seem more interesting, lively, or realistic.

- She made history come alive with tales from her own memories.

- From here on he brings the character confidently alive.

PHR: V inflects

8. alive
If you say that someone will be eaten alive , you mean that they will be completely destroyed or defeated by someone who is much stronger. (INFORMAL)

- He was certain Sid would be eaten alive by the hardened criminals in the jail.

PHR: V inflects

9. alive
If you say that someone or something is alive and kicking , you are emphasizing not only that they continue to survive, but also that they are very active.

- There are growing worries that the secret police may still be alive and kicking.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

10. alive
If you say that someone or something is alive and well , you are emphasizing that they continue to survive.

- A Yorkshire farmer who went missing yesterday during a blizzard has been found alive and well.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

alive

adjective

1.

living

animate

breathing

in the land of the living informal

subsisting

2.

in existence

active

existing

extant

functioning

in force

operative

3.

lively

active

alert

animated

energetic

full of life

vital

vivacious

alkali

[D.J.:ˈælkəˌlaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈælkəˌlaɪ]

n.

碱

alkalis

[ˈælkəlis]

n.

碱金属

alkali

alkali alkalis
An alkali is a substance with a pH value of more than 7. Alkalis form chemical salts when they are combined with acids.
N-MASS
≠ acid

alkaline

[D.J.:ˈælkəlɪn, -ˌlaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈælkəlɪn, -ˌlaɪn]

adj.

<化>碱性的

alkalinity

n.

碱度,碱性

alkalinity

[D.J.:ˌælkəˈliniti]

[K.K.:ˌælkəˈlɪnɪti]

n.

碱度

alkaline *

1. alkaline
Something that is alkaline contains an alkali or has a pH value of more than 7.

- Some soils are actually too alkaline for certain plant life.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ acidic

2. alkalinity

- A pH test measures the acidity or alkalinity of a substance.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ acidity

all

[D.J.:ɔ:l]

[K.K.:ɔl]

adj.

一切的, 所有的

全部的, 总的, 整个的

尽量的, 极度的

pron.

全部; 一切

adv.

完全地, 很

all *****

1. all
You use all to indicate that you are referring to the whole of a particular group or thing or to everyone or everything of a particular kind.

- He felt betrayed by his mother, and this anger twisted all his later relationships.

- He lost all his money at a blackjack table in Las Vegas.

PREDET: PREDET det pl-n/n-uncount

2. all
Also a determiner.

- There is built-in storage space in all bedrooms.

- 85 percent of all American households owe money on mortgages.

- Germany, like all great nations, will not change its personality.

- He was passionate about all literature.

DET: DET pl-n/n-uncount

3. all
Also a quantifier.

- He was told to pack up all of his letters and personal belongings.

- He was talking to all of us.

QUANT: QUANT of def-pl-n/def-n-uncount

4. all
Also a pronoun.

- Molton Brown was the only salon producing its own shampoos and hair-care products, all based on herbal recipes.

- I'd spent all I had, every last penny.

PRON

5. all
Also an emphasizing pronoun.

- Milk, oily fish and egg all contain vitamin D.

- We all admire professionalism and dedication.

PRON-EMPH: n PRON v

6. all
You use all to refer to the whole of a particular period of time.

- George had to cut grass all afternoon.

- She's been feeling bad all week.

DET: DET sing-n

7. all
Also a predeterminer.

- She's worked all her life.

- He was looking at me all the time.

PREDET: PREDET det sing-n

8. all
Also a quantifier.

- He spent all of that afternoon polishing the silver.

- Two-thirds of the women interviewed think about food a lot or all of the time.

QUANT: QUANT of def-n

9. all
You use all to refer to a situation or to life in general.

- All is silent on the island now.

- As you'll have read in our news pages, all has not been well of late.

PRON

10. all
You use all to emphasize that something is completely true, or happens everywhere or always, or on every occasion.

- He loves animals and he knows all about them.

- There are an equal number of Chinese students at foreign universities all round the world.

- I got scared and I ran and left her all alone.

- He was doing it all by himself.

- All around he could hear people calling out his name.

ADV: ADV prep/adv emphasis

11. all
You use all at the beginning of a clause when you are emphasizing that something is the only thing that is important.

- He said all that remained was to agree to a time and venue.

- All you ever want to do is go shopping!.

- All I could say was, `I'm sorry'.

PRON emphasis

12. all
You use all in expressions such as in all sincerity and in all probability to emphasize that you are being sincere or that something is very likely.

- In all fairness he had to admit that she was neither dishonest nor lazy.

- If the pool was open, we'd in all probability still be swimming in it.

- In all seriousness, there is nothing else I can do.

DET: in DET n-uncount emphasis

13. all
You can use all in front of an adjective when you want to emphasize a quality that affects someone or something temporarily. (SPOKEN, INFORMAL)

- You've gone all chatty.

- He came over all dizzy when he stood up.

ADV: v-link ADV adj-graded emphasis

14. all
You use all when you are talking about an equal score in a game. For example, if the score is three all , both players or teams have three points.
ADV: amount ADV

15. all
All is used in structures such as all the more or all the better to mean even more or even better than before.

- The living room is decorated in pale colours that make it all the more airy.

- `How are you?' --- `All the better for seeing you.'

ADV: ADV the adv/adj-compar
= even

16. all
You use all in expressions such as seen it all and done it all to emphasize that someone has had a lot of experience of something.

- Pauline appeared to have it all; a happy marriage, a comfortable home and beautiful children.

- Here's a man who has seen it all, tasted and heard it all.

PRON-EMPH emphasis

17. all
You say above all to indicate that the thing you are mentioning is the most important point.

- Above all, chairs should be comfortable.

- Social services departments must accept, above all, the role of the parents.

PHR: PHR with cl/group emphasis

18. all
You use after all when introducing a statement which supports or helps explain something you have just said.

- I thought you might know somebody. After all, you're the man with connections.

PHR: PHR with cl

19. all
You use after all when you are saying that something that you thought might not be the case is in fact the case.

- I came out here on the chance of finding you at home after all.

- The Social Democrats say they are ready after all to begin talks on joining a coalition government.

PHR

20. all
You use and all when you want to emphasize that what you are talking about includes the thing mentioned, especially when this is surprising or unusual.

- He dropped his sausage on the pavement and someone's dog ate it, mustard and all.

PHR: n PHR emphasis

21. all
You use all in all to introduce a summary or general statement.

- We both thought that all in all it might not be a bad idea.

- All in all, it appeared that a pretty depressing summer awaited Jones.

PHR: PHR with cl

22. all
You use at all at the end of a clause to give emphasis in negative statements, conditional clauses, and questions.

- Robin never really liked him at all.

- There were no roads at all.

- Surely if the woman had any decency at all, she'd have withdrawn at once.

- `Are you dizzy at all?' he asked her.

PHR emphasis

23. all
All but a particular person or thing means everyone or everything except that person or thing.

- The general was an unattractive man to all but his most ardent admirers.

- The plant will stand all but the worst winters out of doors.

PHR: PHR n

24. all
You use all but to say that something is almost the case.

- The concrete wall that used to divide this city has now all but gone.

- He has been all but forgotten.

PHR: PHR -ed

25. all
You use for all to indicate that the thing mentioned does not affect or contradict the truth of what you are saying.

- For all its beauty, Prague could soon lose some of the individuality that the communist years helped to preserve.

PHR: PHR n
= despite

26. all
You use for all in phrases such as for all I know , and for all he cares , to emphasize that you do not know something or that someone does not care about something.

- For all we know, he may even not be in this country.

- You can go right now for all I care.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

27. all
If you give your all or put your all into something, you make the maximum effort possible.

- He puts his all into every game.

PHR: V inflects

28. all
In all means in total.

- In all some 15 million people live in the selected areas.

- There was evidence that thirteen people in all had taken part in planning the murder.

PHR: PHR with cl, amount PHR

29. all
If you say that you are all in , you mean that you are extremely tired. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- `Have you eaten? -- You look all in!'

PHR: v-link PHR

30. all
If something such as an activity is a particular price all in , that price includes everything that is offered. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Dinner is about £25 all in.

PHR: amount PHR, PHR with cl

31. all
You use of all to emphasize the words `first' or `last', or a superlative adjective or adverb.

- First of all, answer these questions.

- Now she faces her toughest task of all.

PHR: PHR with superl emphasis

32. all
You use of all in expressions such as of all people or of all things when you want to emphasize someone or something surprising.

- One group of women, sitting on the ground, was singing, of all things, `Greensleeves'.

PHR: PHR n emphasis

33. all
You use all in expressions like of all the cheek or of all the luck to emphasize how angry or surprised you are at what someone else has done or said.

- Of all the lazy, indifferent, unbusinesslike attitudes to have!

PHR feelings

34. all
You use all of before a number to emphasize how small or large an amount is.

- It took him all of 41 minutes to score his first goal.

- I'm just checking up on Kim. It'll take me all of five minutes.

PHR: PHR amount emphasis

35. all
One and all means everyone present or everyone in a particular group. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Being in charge of the National Health Service reforms did not endear him to one and all.

PHR
= everyone

36. all
You use all that in statements with negative meaning when you want to weaken the force of what you are saying. (SPOKEN)

- He wasn't all that older than we were.

- He said it would not be all that difficult to reach a peaceful conclusion to the conflict.

PHR: PHR with brd-neg, PHR adj/adv vagueness

37. all
You can say that's all at the end of a sentence when you are explaining something and want to emphasize that nothing more happens or is the case.

- `Why do you want to know that?' he demanded. --- `Just curious, that's all.'.

- `I had no desire at all to be a mother -- I had a child, that's all.'

PHR: cl PHR

38. all
You use all very well to suggest that you do not really approve of something or you think that it is unreasonable.

- It is all very well to urge people to give more to charity when they have less, but is it really fair?

PHR: v-link PHR disapproval

all

adjective

1.

the whole of

every bit of

the complete

the entire

the sum of

the totality of

the total of

2.

every

each

each and every

every one of

every single

3.

complete

entire

full

greatest

perfect

total

utter

adverb

4.

completely

altogether

entirely

fully

totally

utterly

wholly

noun

5.

whole amount

aggregate

entirety

everything

sum total

total

totality

utmost

all-

1. all-
All- is added to nouns or adjectives in order to form adjectives which describe something as consisting only of the thing mentioned or as having only the quality indicated.

- An all-star cast gathered at London's Savoy Hotel for the Evening Standard Awards.

- It is often very hard to compare all-male and all-female jobs.

- ...all-cotton sheeting.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. all-
All- is added to present participles or adjectives in order to form adjectives which describe something as including or affecting everything or everyone.

- Nursing a demented person is an all-consuming task.

- There are no all-embracing EC directives on race equality.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. all-
All- is added to nouns in order to form adjectives which describe something as being suitable for or including all types of a particular thing.

- He wanted to form an all-party government of national unity.

- Jeans, the all-purpose denim trousers, have been around for over a hundred years.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n

Allah

[D.J.:ˈælə, ˈɑ:lə]

[K.K.:ˈælə, ˈɑlə]

n.

安拉,真主

Allah *

Allah
Allah is the name of God in Islam.
N-PROPER

all-American

[D.J.:ˌɔ:ləˈmerɪkən]

[K.K.:ˌɔləˈmɛrɪkən]

adj.

全美国的, 全美洲的

all-American *

all-American
If you describe someone as an all-American boy or girl, you mean that they seem to have all the typical qualities that are valued by ordinary Americans, such as good looks and love of their country.

- ...the image of the standard all-American boy.

ADJ: ADJ n

allay

[D.J.:əˈleɪ]

[K.K.:əˈle]

vt.

减轻, 缓和

allay *

allay allays allaying allayed
If you allay someone's fears or doubts, you stop them feeling afraid or doubtful. (FORMAL)

- He did what he could to allay his wife's myriad fears.

VB
= calm

all clear

1. all clear
The all clear is a signal that a dangerous situation, for example an air raid, has ended.

- The all clear was sounded about 10 minutes after the alert was given.

N-SING: the N

2. all clear
Also a convention.

- `All clear,' Misha growled.

CONVENTION

3. all clear
If someone in authority gives you the all clear , they give you permission to continue with a plan or activity, usually after a problem has been sorted out.

- I hope to be given the all clear to resume playing when I see the specialist in three weeks.

N-SING: the N
= go-ahead

all-comers

all-comers
You use all-comers to refer to everyone who wants to take part in an activity, especially a competition.

- This offer is open to all comers, so long as they own a home.

- This is her second season offering residential courses for all-comers.

N-PLURAL also all comers

allegation

[D.J.:ˌælɪˈgeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌælɪˈɡeʃən]

n.

陈述, 宣称, 辩解;陈词

allegation ***

allegation allegations
An allegation is a statement saying that someone has done something wrong.

- The company has denied the allegations.

- Allegations of brutality and theft have been levelled at the army.

N-COUNT
= claim

allegation

noun

claim

accusation

affirmation

assertion

charge

declaration

statement

allege

[D.J.:əˈledʒ]

[K.K.:əˈlɛdʒ]

vt.

断言, 宣称, 辩解

alleged

[D.J.:əˈledʒd]

[K.K.:əˈlɛdʒd, əˈlɛdʒɪd]

adj.

声称的,所谓的

allegedly

[əˈledʒidli]

adv.

依其申述

allege **

allege alleges alleging alleged
If you allege that something bad is true, you say it but do not prove it. (FORMAL)

- She alleged that there was rampant drug use among the male members of the group.

- The accused is alleged to have killed a man.

- It was alleged that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.

VB
= claim

alleged ****

1. alleged
An alleged fact has been stated but has not been proved to be true. (FORMAL)

- They have begun a hunger strike in protest at the alleged beating.

- ...a list of alleged war criminals.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. allegedly

- His van allegedly struck the two as they were crossing a street.

ADV

allege

verb

claim

affirm

assert

charge

declare

maintain

state

alleged

adjective

1.

stated

affirmed

asserted

declared

described

designated

2.

supposed

doubtful

dubious

ostensible

professed

purported

so-called

unproved

allegiance

[D.J.:əˈli:dʒəns]

[K.K.:əˈlidʒəns]

n.

拥护, 忠诚

allegiance *

allegiance allegiances
Your allegiance is your support for and loyalty to a particular group, person, or belief.

- My allegiance to Kendall and his company ran deep.

- ...a community driven by strong ties and allegiances.

N-VAR: oft N to n

allegiance

noun

loyalty

constancy

devotion

faithfulness

fidelity

obedience

allegorical

[D.J.:ˌæliˈɔrikəl]

[K.K.:ˌælɪˈɡɔrɪkəl, -ˈɡɑr-]

adj.

寓言的,讽喻的

allegorical

allegorical
An allegorical story, poem, or painting uses allegory.

- Every Russian knows the allegorical novel The Master And Margarita.

ADJ-GRADED
= symbolic

allegorical

adjective

symbolic

emblematic

figurative

symbolizing

allegory

[D.J.:ˈæliɡəri]

[K.K.:ˈælɪˌɡɔri, -ˌɡori]

n.

寓言

allegory

1. allegory allegories
An allegory is a story, poem, or painting in which the characters and events are symbols of something else. Allegories are often moral, religious, or political.

- The book is a kind of allegory of Latin American history.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= parable

2. allegory
Allegory is the use of characters and events in a story, poem, or painting to represent other things.

- The poem's comic allegory was transparent.

N-UNCOUNT
= symbolism

allegory

noun

symbol

fable

myth

parable

story

symbolism

tale

allegro

[D.J.:əˈlegrəʊ, əˈleɪgrəʊ]

[K.K.:əˈlɛɡro, əˈleɡro]

adv. & adj.

<音>活泼地(的)

n.

快板

allegro

allegro allegros
An allegro is a piece of classical music that should be played quickly and in a lively way.
N-COUNT: oft in names

alleluia

[D.J.:ˌæliˈlu:jə]

[K.K.:ˌæləˈlujə]

int.

哈利路亚

alleluia

alleluia
Alleluia means the same as hallelujah .
EXCLAM

all-embracing

[D.J.:ˈɔ:lemˈbreisiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɔlɛmˈbresɪŋ]

adj.

包括一切的

all-embracing

all-embracing
Something that is all-embracing includes or affects everyone or everything.

- His hospitality was instantaneous and all-embracing.

ADJ-GRADED
= all-encompassing

allergen

[D.J.:ˈælədʒən]

[K.K.:ˈælədʒən]

n.

变应原

allergen

allergen allergens
An allergen is a substance that causes an allergic reaction in someone. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

allergic

[D.J.:əˈlɜ:dʒɪk]

[K.K.:əˈlə..dʒɪk]

adj.

过敏的

allergic *

1. allergic
If you are allergic to something, you become ill or get a rash when you eat it, smell it, or touch it.

- I'm allergic to cats.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n

2. allergic
If you have an allergic reaction to something, you become ill or get a rash when you eat it, smell it, or touch it.

- Soya milk can cause allergic reactions in some children.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. allergic
If you say that you are allergic to something or someone, you mean that you dislike them very strongly and try to avoid them. (INFORMAL)

- He was allergic to risk.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n

allergic

adjective

sensitive

affected by

hypersensitive

susceptible

allergist

[D.J.:ˈælədʒist]

[K.K.:ˈælədʒɪst]

n.

变(态反)应症专科医师

allergist

allergist allergists
An allergist is a doctor who specializes in treating people with allergies.
N-COUNT

allergy

[D.J.:ˈælədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˈælədʒi]

n.

(对食物、花粉、虫咬等的)过敏症

allergy **

1. allergy allergies
If you have a particular allergy , you become ill or get a rash when you eat, smell, or touch something that does not normally make people ill.

- Food allergies can result in an enormous variety of different symptoms.

- Allergy to cats is one of the commonest causes of asthma.

N-VAR

2. allergy allergies
If you say that you have an allergy to something or someone, you mean that you dislike them very strongly and try to avoid them. (INFORMAL)

- I developed a temporary allergy to the company of couples.

N-COUNT: N to n

allergy

noun

sensitivity

antipathy

hypersensitivity

susceptibility

alleviate

[D.J.:əˈli:vieit]

[K.K.:əˈliviˌet]

vt.

减轻, 缓解, 缓和

alleviation

[D.J.:əˌli:vɪˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:əˌlivɪˈeʃən]

n.

减轻,缓解,缓和

镇痛物

alleviate *

1. alleviate alleviates alleviating alleviated
If you alleviate pain, suffering, or an unpleasant condition, you make it less intense or severe. (FORMAL)

- Nowadays, a great deal can be done to alleviate back pain.

- ...the problem of alleviating mass poverty.

VB
= ease ≠ aggravate

2. alleviation

- Their energies were focussed on the alleviation of the refugees' misery.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

alleviate

verb

ease

allay

lessen

lighten

moderate

reduce

relieve

soothe

alley

[D.J.:ˈæli]

[K.K.:ˈæli]

n.

胡同, 小巷

小径

alley *

alley alleys
An alley is a narrow passage or street with buildings or walls on both sides.
N-COUNT
= alleyway

See also blind alley , bowling alley .

alley

noun

passage

alleyway

backstreet

lane

passageway

pathway

walk

alley cat

alley cat alley cats
An alley cat is a cat that lives in the streets of a town, is rather fierce, and is usually one not owned by anyone.
N-COUNT

alleyway

[D.J.:ˈæliwei]

[K.K.:ˈæliˌwe]

n.

小巷,窄街,(船上的)通道

alleyway *

alleyway alleyways
An alleyway is the same as an alley .
N-COUNT also alley-way
= alley

alliance

[D.J.:əˈlaiəns]

[K.K.:əˈlaɪəns]

n.

结盟, 联盟

同盟国; 结盟的社会

alliance ***

1. alliance alliances
An alliance is a group of countries or political parties that are formally united and working together because they have similar aims.

- The two parties were still too much apart to form an alliance.

N-COUNT
= coalition

2. alliance alliances
An alliance is a relationship in which two countries, political parties, or organizations work together for some purpose.

- The Socialists' electoral strategy has been based on a tactical alliance with the Communists.

- They are now in a position to govern the state in alliance with either the Free Democrats or the Green Party.

N-COUNT: oft N with/between n, also in N with n
= partnership

alliance

noun

union

affiliation

agreement

association

coalition

combination

confederation

connection

federation

league

marriage

pact

partnership

treaty

allied

[D.J.:əˈlaɪd, ˈælˌaɪd]

[K.K.:əˈlaɪd, ˈælˌaɪd]

adj.

有联系的

同盟的, 同盟国的

联姻的

allies

[ˈælaiz]

n.

联盟国,同盟者

ally

[əˈlai]

vt. & vi.

(使)结盟, (使)联合

n.

同盟国, 同盟者

支持者

allied ***

1. allied
Allied forces or troops are armies from different countries who are fighting on the same side in a war.

- ...the approaching Allied forces...

- They're backed by allied warplanes and tanks.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. allied
Allied countries, troops, or political parties are united by a political or military agreement.

- ...forces from three allied nations.

- ...a think-tank allied to the right wing of the Democratic Party.

ADJ: ADJ n, v-link ADJ to n

3. allied
If one thing or group is allied to another, it is related to it because the two things have particular qualities or characteristics in common.

- ...lectures on subjects allied to health, beauty and fitness...

- Only now have doctors, and allied medical professionals, come to appreciate this.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to/with n, ADJ n
= associated

4. allied
Something that is allied to another thing occurs with the other thing. (FORMAL)

- He possessed a raw energy allied to a feeling of something special.

- ...a disastrous rise in interest rates allied with a stock market slump.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to/with n
= coupled

ally ****

1. ally allies
A country's ally is another country that has an agreement to support it, especially in war.

- Washington would not take such a step without its allies' approval.

- The United States is a close ally of South Korea, and maintains forces there for its defence.

N-COUNT: with supp
≠ enemy

2. ally allies
The Allies were the armed forces that fought against Germany and Japan in the Second World War.
N-PLURAL: the N

3. ally allies
If you describe someone as your ally , you mean that they help and support you, especially when other people are opposing you.

- He is a close ally of the Prime Minister.

- She will regret losing a close political ally.

N-COUNT: with supp
= supporter friend ≠ enemy

4. ally allies allying allied
If you ally yourself with someone or something, you give your support to them.

- He will have no choice but to ally himself with the new movement.

VB

allied

adjective

united

affiliated

associated

combined

connected

in league

linked

related

ally

noun

1.

partner

accomplice

associate

collaborator

colleague

friend

helper

verb

2.

unite

associate

collaborate

combine

join

join forces

unify

alligator

[D.J.:ˈælɪˌgeɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈælɪˌɡetɚ]

n.

短吻鳄

alligator *

1. alligator alligators
An alligator is a large reptile with short legs, a long tail and very powerful jaws.
N-COUNT

2. alligator
Alligator boots and bags are made from the skin of an alligator.

- ...alligator cowboy boots.

ADJ

all-inclusive

[D.J.:ˈɔ:linˈklu:siv]

[K.K.:ˈɔlinˈklusɪv]

adj.

包括一切的

all-inclusive

all-inclusive
All-inclusive is used to indicate that a price, especially the price of a holiday, includes all the charges and all the services offered.

- An all-inclusive two-week holiday costs around £2880 per person.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

alliteration

[D.J.:əˌlitəˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:əˌlɪtəˈreʃən]

n.

头韵

alliteration

alliteration alliterations
Alliteration is the use in speech or writing of several words close together which all begin with the same letter or sound. (TECHNICAL)
N-VAR

alliterative

[D.J.:əˈlitərətiv]

[K.K.:əˈlɪtəˌretɪv, -ərə-]

adj.

头韵的,头韵体的

alliterative

alliterative
Alliterative means relating to or connected with alliteration.

- Her campaign slogan, `a president for the people', was pleasantly alliterative but empty.

ADJ

allocate

[D.J.:ˈæləkeit]

[K.K.:ˈæləˌket]

vt.

分配, 分派

把…拨给

allocate **

allocate allocates allocating allocated
If one item or share of something is allocated to a particular person or for a particular purpose, it is given to that person or used for that purpose.

- Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first.

- The 1985 federal budget allocated $7.3 billion for development programmes.

- Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments.

VB
= assign

allocate

verb

assign

allot

allow

apportion

budget

designate

earmark

mete

set aside

share out

allocation

[D.J.:ˌæləˈkeiʃən]

n.

配给, 分配, 拨出

分配额(或量)

allocation *

1. allocation allocations
An allocation is an amount of something, especially money, that is given to a particular person or used for a particular purpose.

- A State Department spokeswoman said that the aid allocation for Pakistan was still under review.

- During rationing we had a sugar allocation.

N-COUNT

2. allocation
The allocation of something is the decision that it should be given to a particular person or used for a particular purpose.

- His sons quarrelled bitterly over the allocation of family resources.

- Town planning and land allocation had to be coordinated.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

allocation

noun

assignment

allotment

allowance

lot

portion

quota

ration

share

allot

[D.J.:əˈlɔt]

[K.K.:əˈlɑt]

vt.

分配, 拨给, 摊派

allot *

allot allots allotting allotted
If something is allotted to someone, it is given to them as their share.

- The seats are allotted to the candidates who have won the most votes.

- We were allotted half an hour to address the committee.

VB: usu passive
= assign

allot

verb

assign

allocate

apportion

budget

designate

earmark

mete

set aside

share out

allotment

[D.J.:əˈlɔtmənt]

[K.K.:əˈlɑtmənt]

n.

分配,分派,拨款

份额；份儿;分配物

(从军饷或海员薪水中扣除的)养家费

allotment *

1. allotment allotments
In Britain, an allotment is a small area of land in a town which a person rents to grow plants and vegetables on.
N-COUNT
= plot

2. allotment allotments
An allotment of something is a share or amount of it that is given to someone.

- His meager allotment of gas had to be saved for emergencies.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= allocation

allotment

noun

1.

plot

kitchen garden

patch

tract

2.

assignment

allocation

allowance

grant

portion

quota

ration

share

stint

all-out

[D.J.:ˈɔ:lˈaʊt]

[K.K.:ˈɔlˈaʊt]

adj.

竭力的,全部的

all-out *

1. all-out
You use all-out to describe actions that are carried out in a very energetic and determined way, using all the resources available.

- He launched an all-out attack on his critics.

- ...an all-out effort to bring the fire under control.

ADJ: ADJ n also all out

2. all out
Also an adverb.

- We will be going all out to ensure it doesn't happen again.

ADV: ADV after v

all-out

adjective

total

complete

exhaustive

full

full-scale

maximum

thoroughgoing

undivided

unremitting

unrestrained

allow

[D.J.:əˈlau]

[K.K.:əˈlaʊ]

vt.

允许, 许可(做某事)

给予, 让…得到

承认, 认为

allow *****

1. allow allows allowing allowed
If someone is allowed to do something, it is all right for them to do it and they will not get into trouble.

- The children are not allowed to watch violent TV programmes.

- The Government will allow them to advertise on radio and television.

- They will be allowed home.

- Smoking will not be allowed.

VB
= permit let ≠ forbid

2. allow allows allowing allowed
If you are allowed something, you are given permission to have it or are given it.

- Gifts like chocolates or flowers are allowed.

- He should be allowed the occasional treat.

VB
= permit ≠ forbid

3. allow allows allowing allowed
If you allow something to happen, you do not prevent it.

- He won't allow himself to fail.

- If the soil is allowed to dry out the tree could die.

VB
= permit ≠ prevent

4. allow allows allowing allowed
If one thing allows another thing to happen, the first thing creates the opportunity for the second thing to happen.

- The compromise will allow him to continue his free market reforms.

- ...an attempt to allow the Moslem majority a greater share of power...

- She said this would allow more effective planning.

VB
= permit let ≠ prevent

5. allow allows allowing allowed
If you allow a particular length of time or a particular amount of something for a particular purpose, you include it in your planning.

- Please allow 28 days for delivery.

- Allow about 75ml (3fl oz) per six servings.

VB

6. allow allows allowing allowed
If you allow that something is true, you admit or agree that it is true. (FORMAL)

- Warren also allows that capitalist development may, in its early stages, result in increased social inequality.

VB
= acknowledge

7. allow
Some people say ` Allow me ' as a polite way of offering to do something for someone. (FORMAL)

- Allow me to buy you a drink at the bar.

PHR politeness
= permit me

8. allow
Some people use Allow me to... as a way of introducing something that they want to say or do. (FORMAL)

- Allow me to introduce Dr Amberg.

PHR
= permit me to

allow

verb

1.

permit

approve

authorize

enable

endure

let

sanction

stand

suffer

tolerate

2.

give

allocate

allot

assign

grant

provide

set aside

spare

3.

acknowledge

admit

concede

confess

grant

own

allow for *****

allow for allows for; allowing for; allowed for
If you allow for certain problems or expenses, you include some extra time or money in your planning so that you can deal with them if they occur.

- You have to allow for a certain amount of error.

- The Agency's budget simply did not allow for such a massive increase.

PHR-V

allow for

verb

take into account

consider

make allowances for

make concessions for

make provision for

plan for

provide for

take into consideration

allowable

[əˈlauəbl]

adj.

允许的,正当的,可承认的

allowable

1. allowable
If people decide that something is allowable , they let it happen without trying to stop it.

- It ought not to be allowable in law for any parent to remove a child from another parent without consent.

ADJ
= permissible

2. allowable
Allowable costs or expenses are amounts of money that you do not have to pay tax on. (TECHNICAL)

- Her expenses were allowable deductions.

ADJ

allowable

adjective

permissible

acceptable

admissible

all right

appropriate

suitable

tolerable

allowance

[D.J.:əˈlauəns]

[K.K.:əˈlaʊəns]

n.

津贴, 补助, 零用钱

allowance **

1. allowance allowances
An allowance is money that is given to someone, usually on a regular basis, in order to help them pay for the things that they need.

- He lives on a single parent's allowance of £70 a week.

- She gets an allowance for looking after Lillian.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of amount

2. allowance allowances
A child's allowance is money that is given to him or her every week or every month by his or her parents. (mainly AM; in BRIT use pocket money )
N-COUNT: usu poss N

3. allowance allowances
Your tax allowance is the amount of money that you are allowed to earn before you have to start paying income tax. (BRIT; in AM use personal exemption )

- ...those earning less than the basic tax allowance.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. allowance allowances
A particular type of allowance is an amount of something that you are allowed in particular circumstances.

- Most of our flights have a baggage allowance of 44lbs per passenger.

N-COUNT: with supp

5. allowance
If you make allowances for something, you take it into account in your decisions, plans, or actions.

- They'll make allowances for the fact it's affecting our performance.

- The raw exam results make no allowance for social background.

PHR: V and N inflect, oft PHR for n

6. allowance
If you make allowances for someone, you accept behaviour which you would not normally accept or deal with them less severely than you would normally, because of a problem that they have.

- He's tired so I'll make allowances for him.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR for n

allowance

noun

1.

portion

allocation

amount

grant

lot

quota

ration

share

stint

2.

concession

deduction

discount

rebate

reduction

alloy

[D.J.:ˈælɔi]

[K.K.:ˈælˌɔɪ]

n.

合金

[əˈlɔi]

vt.

将…铸成合金

alloy *

alloy alloys
An alloy is a metal that is made by mixing two or more types of metal together.

- Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.

- The company produces titanium alloy.

N-MASS

alloy

noun

1.

mixture

admixture

amalgam

blend

combination

composite

compound

hybrid

verb

2.

mix

amalgamate

blend

combine

compound

fuse

all-powerful

adj.

全能的

all-powerful

all-powerful
An all-powerful person or organization has the power to do anything they want.

- ...the all-powerful labour unions.

ADJ

all-purpose

[D.J.:ˈɔ:lˈpɜ:pəs]

[K.K.:ˈɔlˈpɚpəs]

adj.

通用的,多用途的

all-purpose

all-purpose
You use all-purpose to refer to things that have lots of different uses or can be used in lots of different situations.

- You can substitute all-purpose flour if you cannot find pastry flour.

ADJ: ADJ n

all right ****

1. all right
If you say that someone or something is all right , you mean that you find them satisfactory or acceptable.

- I consider you a good friend, and if it's all right with you, I'd like to keep it that way.

- `How was this school you attended?' --- `It was all right.'

ADJ: v-link ADJ (BRIT) also alright
= okay

2. all right
Also used before a noun. (INFORMAL)

- He's an all right kind of guy really.

ADJ: ADJ n (BRIT) also alright

3. all right
If you say that something happens or goes all right , you mean that it happens in a satisfactory or acceptable manner.

- Things have thankfully worked out all right.

- `Can you walk all right?' the nurse asked him.

ADV: ADV after v (BRIT) also alright
= okay

4. all right
If someone or something is all right , they are well or safe.

- All she's worried about is whether he is all right.

- Are you feeling all right now?

ADJ: v-link ADJ (BRIT) also alright
= okay

5. all right
If you say that something is true all right or something will happen all right , you are emphasizing that there is no doubt that it is true or that it will happen. (INFORMAL)

- It's an isolated spot all right.

- It looks like water down there all right.

- I remember him, all right.

PHR: cl PHR (BRIT) also alright emphasis

6. all right
You say ` all right ' when you are agreeing to something.

- `I think you should go now.' --- `All right.'.

- `I'll explain later.' --- `All right then.'

CONVENTION (BRIT) also alright formulae
= okay

7. all right
You say ` all right? ' after you have given an instruction or explanation to someone when you are checking that they have understood what you have just said, or checking that they agree with or accept what you have just said.

- Peter, you get half the fees. All right?.

- I'll see you tomorrow, all right?.

- `We'll see what other prisoner officers think, all right?'

CONVENTION (BRIT) also alright
= okay

8. all right
If someone in a position of authority says ` all right ', and suggests talking about or doing something else, they are indicating that they want you to end one activity and start another.

- All right, Bob. You can go now.

- All right, boys and girls, let's meet again next week.

CONVENTION (BRIT) also alright

9. all right
You say ` all right ' during a discussion to show that you understand something that someone has just said, and to introduce a statement that relates to it.

- I said there was no room in my mother's house, and he said, `All right, come to my studio and paint.'

CONVENTION (BRIT) also alright
= okay

10. all right
You say all right before a statement or question to indicate that you are challenging or threatening someone.

- All right, who are you and what are you doing in my office?.

- All right, let's stop playing games. Hand over the goods right now.

CONVENTION (BRIT) also alright
= okay

all right

adjective

1.

satisfactory

acceptable

adequate

average

fair

O.K. or okay informal

standard

up to scratch informal

2.

O.K. or okay informal

healthy

safe

sound

unharmed

uninjured

well

whole

all-round

[D.J.:ˈɔ:lˈraʊnd]

[K.K.:ˈɔlˈraʊnd]

adj.

(看法等)全面的

才能多方面的

万能的

综合性的

all-round

1. all-round
An all-round person or an all-around person is good at a lot of different skills, academic subjects, or sports.

- He is a great all-round player.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) also all-around

2. all-round
All-round and all-around mean doing or relating to all aspects of a job or activity.

- He demonstrated the all-round skills of a quarterback.

- ...if you want the best all-round quality of life.

- ...an excellent all-round guide on how to shop for the very best foods.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) also all-around

all-rounder

[D.J.:ˈ ɔ:lˈraʊndə]

[K.K.:ˈ ɔlˈraʊndɚ]

n.

全能选手;多面手

all-rounder *

all-rounder all-rounders
Someone who is an all-rounder is good at a lot of different skills, academic subjects, or sports. (BRIT)

- I class myself as an all-rounder and a team man at heart.

N-COUNT

all-seater

adj.

全坐席的(体育场)

all-seater

all-seater
An all-seater stadium has enough seats for all the audience, rather than having some areas without seats where people stand. (BRIT)
ADJ: usu ADJ n

all-singing all-dancing

all-singing all-dancing
If you describe something new as all-singing all-dancing , you mean that it is very modern and advanced, with a lot of additional features; used especially to show that you think a lot of these features are silly or unnecessary. (HUMOROUS)

- It is these all-singing, all-dancing machines being imported from the United States.

PHR: PHR n

allspice

[D.J.:ˈɔ:lspais]

[K.K.:ˈɔlˌspaɪs]

n.

多香果,多香果粉(一种香料)

allspice

allspice
Allspice is a powder used as a spice in cooking, which is made from the berries of a tropical American tree.
N-UNCOUNT
= pimento

all-star

[D.J.:ˈɔ:lstɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈɔlˌstɑr]

adj.

明星云集的

all-star *

all-star
An all-star cast, performance, or game is one which contains only famous or extremely good performers or players.
ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

all-time

[D.J.:ˈɔ:lˈtaɪm]

[K.K.:ˈɔlˈtaɪm]

adj.

空前的,创记录的

all-time *

all-time
You use all-time when you are comparing all the things of a particular type that there have ever been. For example, if you say that something is the all-time best, you mean that it is the best thing of its type that there has ever been.

- The president's popularity nationally is at an all-time low.

- Duane Eddy is John Peel's all-time favourite artist.

ADJ: ADJ n

allude

[D.J.:əˈlu:d]

[K.K.:əˈlud]

vi.

提及, 暗指

allude *

allude alludes alluding alluded
If you allude to something, you mention it in an indirect way. (FORMAL)

- With friends, she sometimes alluded to a feeling that she herself was to blame for her son's predicament.

VB
= refer

allude

verb

refer

hint

imply

intimate

mention

suggest

touch upon

allure

[D.J.:əˈljuə]

[K.K.:əˈlʊr]

n.

诱惑力, 魅力

allure *

allure
The allure of something or someone is the pleasing or exciting quality that they have.

- It's a game that has really lost its allure.

- ...the captivating allure of Isabelle Adjani.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
= attraction

allure

noun

1.

attractiveness

appeal

attraction

charm

enchantment

enticement

glamour

lure

persuasion

seductiveness

temptation

verb

2.

attract

captivate

charm

enchant

entice

lure

persuade

seduce

tempt

win over

alluring

[D.J.:əˈljuəriŋ]

adj.

诱惑的, 迷人的

alluringly

诱人地,妩媚地

alluring *

1. alluring
Someone or something that is alluring is very attractive.

- Why are the contents of the next person's shopping trolley always more alluring than one's own?

- ...the most alluring city in South-East Asia.

ADJ-GRADED
= interesting fascinating

2. alluringly

- She turned and smiled alluringly at Douglas.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj/adv

alluring

adjective

attractive

beguiling

captivating

come-hither

fetching

glamorous

seductive

tempting

allusion

[D.J.:əˈlu:ʒən]

[K.K.:əˈluʒən]

n.

暗指, 间接提到

allusion *

allusion allusions
An allusion is an indirect reference to someone or something.

- This last point was understood to be an allusion to the long-standing hostility between the two leaders.

N-VAR: oft N to n

allusion

noun

reference

casual remark

hint

implication

innuendo

insinuation

intimation

mention

suggestion

allusive

[D.J.:əˈlju:siv,əˈlu:siv]

[K.K.:əˈlusɪv]

adj.

暗指的,影射,间接提到

allusive

allusive
Allusive speech, writing, or art is full of indirect references to people or things.

- His new play, Arcadia, is as intricate, elaborate and allusive as anything he has yet written.

ADJ-GRADED

alluvial

[D.J.:əˈlu:vi:əl]

[K.K.:əˈluviəl]

adj.

(河流、洪水)冲积的,淤积的

n.

冲积土;冲积层

alluvial

alluvial
Alluvial soils are soils which consist of earth and sand left behind on land which has been flooded or where a river once flowed; a technical term in geography.
ADJ

alma mater

1. alma mater alma maters
Your alma mater is the school or university which you went to. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with poss

2. alma mater
A school or college's alma mater is its official song. (AM)
N-SING

almanac

[D.J.:ˈɔ:lməˌnæk, ˈæl-]

[K.K.:ˈɔlməˌnæk, ˈæl-]

n.

历书,年鉴；天文年历

almanac

1. almanac almanacs
An almanac is a book published every year which contains information about the movements of the planets, the changes of the moon and the tides, and the dates of important anniversaries.
N-COUNT: oft in names also almanack

2. almanac almanacs
An almanac is a book published every year which contains information about events connected with a particular subject or activity, and facts and statistics about that activity.
N-COUNT: oft in names also almanack

almighty

[D.J.:ɔ:lˈmaiti]

[K.K.:ɔlˈmaɪti]

adj.

全能的, 万能的

很大的, 很强的

almighty *

1. almighty
The Almighty is another name for God. You can also refer to Almighty God .

- Adam sought guidance from the Almighty.

- Let us now confess our sins to Almighty God.

N-PROPER

2. almighty
People sometimes say God Almighty or Christ Almighty to express their surprise, anger, or horror. These expressions could cause offence.
EXCLAM feelings

3. almighty
Almighty means very serious or great in extent. (INFORMAL)

- I had the most almighty row with the waitress.

- I heard an almighty bang.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n emphasis

almighty

adjective

1.

all-powerful

absolute

invincible

omnipotent

supreme

unlimited

2.

great

enormous

excessive

intense

loud

severe

terrible

almond

[D.J.:ˈɑ:mənd, ˈæmənd]

[K.K.:ˈɑmənd, ˈæmənd]

n.

杏树;杏仁

杏仁状的东西

杏仁色,淡黄褐色

adj.

杏仁制的

杏仁味的

杏仁状(或色)的

almond *

1. almond almonds
Almonds are pale oval nuts. They are often used in cooking.

- ...sponge cake flavoured with almonds.

N-VAR
See also sugared almond .

2. almond almond or almonds
An almond or an almond tree , is a tree on which almonds grow.

- On the left was a plantation of almond trees.

- ...groves of almond and cherry.

N-VAR

almoner

[D.J.:ˈɑ:mənə,ˈælmənə]

[K.K.:ˈælmənɚ, ˈɑmə-]

n.

施赈人员，教堂救济品分发人员

almoner

almoner almoners
In Britain, an almoner is a social worker who works in a hospital. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

almost

[D.J.:ˈɔ:lməust]

[K.K.:ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost]

adv.

几乎, 差不多, 差一点; 将近

almost *****

almost
You use almost to indicate that something is not completely the case but is nearly the case.

- The couple had been dating for almost three years.

- Storms have been hitting almost all of Britain recently.

- The effect is almost impossible to describe.

- He was almost as tall as Pete, but skinnier.

- The arrested man will almost certainly be kept at this police station.

- He contracted Spanish flu, which almost killed him.

ADV: ADV group, ADV before v
= nearly

almost

adverb Informal

nearly

about

approximately

close to

just about

not quite

on the brink of

practically

virtually

alms

[D.J.:ɑ:mz]

[K.K.:ɑmz]

n.

救济金, 施舍物

alms

alms
Alms are gifts of money, clothes, or food to poor people. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Alms were distributed to those in need.

N-PLURAL

almshouse

[D.J.:ˈɑ:mzˌhaʊs]

[K.K.:ˈɑmzˌhaʊs]

n.

贫民所,救济院

almshouse

almshouse almshouses
Almshouses are houses in Britain which were built and run by charities to provide accommodation for poor or old people who could not afford to pay rent.
N-COUNT also alms-house

aloe vera

aloe vera
Aloe vera is a substance that contains vitamins and minerals and is often used in cosmetics. Aloe vera is also the name of the plant from which this substance is extracted.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

aloft

[D.J.:əˈlɔ:ft, əˈlɔft]

[K.K.:əˈlɔft, əˈlɑft]

adv.

在空中,在头顶上

<海>在桅顶(或帆索高处)

aloft *

aloft
Something that is aloft is in the air or off the ground. (LITERARY)

- As they emerged from the court they held their arms aloft before crowds of cheering well-wishers.

- Four of the nine starting balloons were still aloft the next day.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV

alone

[D.J.:əˈləun]

[K.K.:əˈlon]

adj.

单独的; 独一无二的

仅仅, 惟一, 只有

adv.

单独地, 独自地

alone ****

1. alone
When you are alone , you are not with any other people.

- There is nothing so fearful as to be alone in a combat situation.

- He was all alone in the middle of the hall, looking at no-one.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

2. alone
Also an adverb.

- She has lived alone in this house for almost five years now.

- He was sitting alone at a table in a wine bar, smoking a big cigar.

ADV: ADV after v

3. alone
If one person is alone with another person, or if two or more people are alone , they are together, without anyone else present.

- I couldn't imagine why he would want to be alone with me.

- My brother and I were alone with Vincent.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n

4. alone
If you say that you are alone or feel alone , you mean that nobody who is with you, or nobody at all, cares about you.

- Never in her life had she felt so alone, so abandoned.

- He found himself alone in a hostile world.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

5. alone
You say that one person or thing alone does something when you are emphasizing that only one person or thing is involved.

- You alone should determine what is right for you.

- They were convicted on forensic evidence alone.

ADV: n ADV emphasis

6. alone
If you say that one person or thing alone is responsible for part of an amount, you are emphasizing the size of that part and the size of the total amount.

- The BBC alone is sending 300 technicians, directors and commentators.

- Megastars like Jack Nicholson, who made £50 million from Batman alone, are unlikely to be affected.

ADV: n ADV emphasis

7. alone
If someone is alone in doing something, they are the only person doing it, and so are different from other people.

- Newcastle is far from alone. Colleges around the country have developed programmes of student support.

- Am I alone in recognising that these two statistics have quite different implications?

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ in -ing/n
= unique

8. alone
Also an adverb.

- Alone among the major candidates, Gaviria expressed a determination to continue the campaign to defeat the drugs cartels.

- I alone was sane, I thought, in a world of crazy people.

ADV: ADV prep, n ADV

9. alone
When someone does something alone , they do it without help from other people.

- Bringing up a child alone should give you a sense of achievement.

- He was working alone and did not have an accomplice.

ADV: ADV after v

10. alone
If you go it alone , you do something without any help from other people. (INFORMAL)

- I missed the stimulation of working with others when I tried to go it alone.

PHR: V inflects

alone

adjective

by oneself

apart

detached

isolated

lonely

only

on one's tod slang

separate

single

solitary

unaccompanied

along

[D.J.:əˈlɔŋ]

[K.K.:əˈlɔŋ, əˈlɑŋ]

adv.

向前, 往前

一道, 一起

prep.

(表示位置)沿着…的某地点; 在…旁的某地方

(表示方向)沿着, 循着, 顺着

(表示方位)靠着

(表示依据)根据, 顺着

along *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, along is used in phrasal verbs such as `go along with', `play along', and `string along'.)

1. along
If you move or look along something such as a road, you move or look towards one end of it.

- Newman walked along the street alone.

- The young man led Mark Ryle along a corridor.

- I looked along the length of the building.

PREP

2. along
If something is situated along a road, river, or corridor, it is situated in it or beside it.

- ...enormous traffic jams all along the roads.

- ...houses built on piles along the river...

- Along each wall stretched green metal filing cabinets.

PREP

3. along
When someone or something moves along , they keep moving in a particular direction.

- She skipped and danced along.

- He raised his voice a little, talking into the wind as they walked along.

- The wide road was blocked solid with traffic that moved along sluggishly.

ADV: ADV after v

4. along
If you say that something is going along in a particular way, you mean that it is progressing in that way.

- ...the negotiations which have been dragging along interminably...

- Everything was coming along fine after all.

- My life is going along nicely.

ADV: ADV after v

5. along
If you take someone or something along when you go somewhere, you take them with you.

- This is open to women of all ages, so bring along your friends and colleagues.

- Wives will have to bring along their marriage certificate.

ADV: ADV after v

6. along
If someone or something is coming along or is sent along , they are coming or being sent to a particular place.

- She invited everyone she knew to come along.

- He had the material tested and sent along the results.

ADV: ADV after v

7. along
You use along with to mention someone or something else that is also involved in an action or situation.

- The baby's mother escaped from the fire along with two other children.

- There are 32 different kinds of chocolate on sale along with the bread and cakes.

PHR-PREP

8. along
If something has been true or been present all along , it has been true or been present throughout a period of time.

- I've been fooling myself all along.

- I think she had been planning all along to leave Hungary.

PHR: PHR with cl, PHR after v

alongside

[D.J.:əˈlɔŋˈsaid]

[K.K.:əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd, əˈlɑŋ-]

adv.

靠着边, 沿着边

prep.

(表示位置)在…旁边; 沿着…的边; 与…并排靠拢着

(表示比较)与…放在一起比较

(表示伴随)与…一起, 与…一道

alongside ***

1. alongside
If one thing is alongside another thing, the first thing is next to the second.

- He crossed the street and walked alongside Central Park.

- Much of the industry was located alongside rivers.

PREP

2. alongside
Also an adverb.

- He waited several minutes for a car to pull up alongside.

ADV: ADV after v

3. alongside
If you work alongside other people, you all work together in the same place.

- He had worked alongside Frank and Mark and they had become friends.

- Men aged 60 are fighting alongside young boys.

PREP
= together with

4. alongside
If one thing exists or develops alongside another, the two things exist or develop together at the same time.

- As she makes progress, her personal self-confidence will develop alongside her technique.

- Alongside the Job Creation Programme they launched a Work Experience Programme.

PREP
= together with

aloof

[D.J.:əˈlu:f]

[K.K.:əˈluf]

adj.

冷淡的, 疏远的, 淡漠的

远离的；孤零零的

adv.

分开地;避开地

冷淡地；冷漠地

hold (oneself) aloof (from)

脱离,离开

aloofness

超然态度

aloof *

1. aloof
Someone who is aloof is not very friendly and does not like to spend time with other people.

- He seemed aloof and detached.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ disapproval
= distant

2. aloofness

- He had an air of aloofness about him.

N-UNCOUNT

3. aloof
If someone stays aloof from something, they do not become involved with it. (FORMAL)

- The Government is keeping aloof from the controversy.

- I will hold myself aloof from wrong and corruption.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ from n

aloof

adjective

distant

detached

haughty

remote

standoffish

supercilious

unapproachable

unfriendly

aloud

[D.J.:əˈlaud]

[K.K.:əˈlaʊd]

adv.

出声地

大声地, 高声地

aloud *

1. aloud
When you say something, read, or laugh aloud , you speak or laugh so that other people can hear you.

- When we were children, our father read aloud to us.

- `The bastard,' she said aloud.

ADV: ADV after v
= out loud ≠ silently

2. aloud
If you think aloud , you express your thoughts as they occur to you, rather than thinking first and then speaking.

- He really must be careful about thinking aloud. Who knew what he might say?

PHR: V inflects
= out loud

aloud

adverb

out loud

audibly

clearly

distinctly

intelligibly

plainly

alpaca

[D.J.:ælˈpækə]

[K.K.:ælˈpækə]

n.

(南美的)羊驼,羊驼毛,羊驼呢(织物)

alpaca

1. alpaca
Alpaca is a type of soft wool.

- He was wearing a light-grey alpaca suit.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. alpaca alpacas
Alpacas are South American animals similar to llamas. Their hair is the source of alpaca wool.
N-COUNT

alphabet

[D.J.:ˈælfəbit]

[K.K.:ˈælfəˌbɛt, -bɪt]

n.

字母表

alphabet *

alphabet alphabets
An alphabet is a set of letters usually presented in a fixed order which is used for writing the words of a particular language or group of languages.

- The modern Russian alphabet has 31 letters.

- By two and a half he knew the alphabet.

N-COUNT

alphabetical

[D.J.:ˌælfəˈbetɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌælfəˈbɛtɪkəl]

adj.

按字母(表)顺序的

alphabetically

adv.

[D.J.:ˌælfəˈbetɪklɪ]

[K.K.:ˌælfəˈb ɛtɪklɪ]

adv.

照字母顺序排列地

alphabetical

1. alphabetical
Alphabetical means arranged according to the normal order of the letters in the alphabet.

- Their herbs and spices are arranged in alphabetical order on narrow open shelves.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. alphabetically

- The catalog is organized alphabetically by label name.

ADV

alpine

[D.J.:ˈælˌpaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈælˌpaɪn]

adj.

高山的,高山上的(尤指阿尔卑斯山)

alpine *

alpine
Alpine means existing in or relating to mountains, especially the ones in Switzerland.

- ...grassy, alpine meadows.

- ...picturesque alpine villages.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

alpines

alpines
Alpines are small flowering plants that grow high up on mountains and are sometimes grown in gardens. There are many different types of alpines.
N-PLURAL

already

[D.J.:ɔ:lˈredi]

[K.K.:ɔlˈrɛdi]

adv.

早已, 已经

already *****

1. already
You use already to show that something has happened, or that something had happened before the moment you are referring to. Speakers of British English use already with a verb in a perfect tense, putting it after `have', `has', or `had', or at the end of a clause. Some speakers of American English use already with the simple past tense of the verb instead of a perfect tense.

- They had already voted for him at the first ballot.

- The group has already shed 10,000 jobs.

- She says she already told the neighbors not to come over for a couple of days.

- They've spent nearly a billion dollars on it already.

ADV: ADV before v, cl ADV

2. already
You use already to show that a situation exists at this present moment or that it exists at an earlier time than expected. You use already after the verb `be' or an auxiliary verb, or before a verb if there is no auxiliary. When you want add emphasis, you can put already at the beginning of a sentence.

- The authorities believe those security measures are already paying off.

- He was already rich.

- He was already late for his appointment.

- She also tried to make a mockery of our already tarnished justice system.

- Already, he has a luxurious, secluded villa in the swish community of Formello.

ADV: ADV before v, ADV with group

already

adverb

before now

at present

before

by now

by then

even now

heretofore

just now

previously

Alsatian

[D.J.:ælˈseiʃ(ə)n]

[K.K.:ælˈseʃən]

adj.

(法国)阿尔萨斯的,阿尔萨斯人的 阿尔萨斯人

n.

阿尔萨斯人

Alsatian

Alsatian Alsatians
An Alsatian is a large, usually fierce dog that is often used to guard buildings or by the police to help them find criminals. (BRIT; in AM use German shepherd )
N-COUNT
= German shepherd

also

[D.J.:ˈɔ:lsəu]

[K.K.:ˈɔlso]

adv.

也, 同样, 并且

also *****

1. also
You can use also to give more information about a person or thing, or to add another relevant fact.

- It is the work of Ivor Roberts-Jones, who also produced the statue of Churchill in Parliament Square.

- He is an asthmatic who was also anaemic three months ago.

- She has a reputation for brilliance. Also, she is gorgeous.

ADV: ADV before v, ADV with cl/group

2. also
You can use also to indicate that something you have just said about one person or thing is true of another person or thing.

- General Geichenko was a survivor. His father, also a top-ranking officer, had perished during the war.

- This rule has also been applied in the case of a purchase of used tires and tubes.

- Not only cancer, but also heart and lung disease are influenced by smoking.

ADV: ADV before v, ADV with group

also

adverb

too

additionally

and

as well

besides

further

furthermore

in addition

into the bargain

moreover

to boot

also-ran

[D.J.:ˈɔ:lsəu ræn]

[K.K.:ˈɔlsoˌræn]

n.

落选之马,败者,落选者

also-ran

also-ran also-rans
If you describe someone as an also-ran , you mean that they have been or are likely to be unsuccessful in a contest.
N-COUNT

altar

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ltə]

[K.K.:ˈɔltɚ]

n.

圣餐桌;供桌, 祭坛

altar *

1. altar altars
An altar is a holy table in a church or temple.

- ...the high altar at Chichester Cathedral.

N-COUNT

2. altar
If you say that someone or something is sacrificed at the altar of another thing, you mean they suffer or are destroyed because of that thing.

- Napoleon's army was sacrificed on the altar of folly in the disastrous Russian campaign.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR n

altar boy

altar boy
In the Roman Catholic church, an altar boy is a boy who helps the priest during Mass.
N-COUNT??

altarpiece

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ltəpi:s]

[K.K.:ˈɔltɚˌpis]

n.

组塑,祭坛装饰

altarpiece

altarpiece altarpieces
An altarpiece is a work of art behind the altar in a church.
N-COUNT

alter

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ltə]

[K.K.:ˈɔltɚ]

vt. & vi.

改变, 更改

alter ***

alter alters altering altered
If something alters or if you alter it, it changes.

- Little had altered in the village.

- They have never altered their programmes by a single day.

V-ERG
= change

alter

verb

change

adapt

adjust

amend

convert

modify

reform

revise

transform

turn

vary

alteration

[D.J.:ˌɔ:ltəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɔltəˈreʃən]

n.

改动, 更改, 改变

alterations

服装修改

alteration *

1. alteration alterations
An alteration is a change in or to something.

- Making some simple alterations to your diet will make you feel fitter.

- The structural alterations made to the house were planned with Gail's help.

N-COUNT: usu N to/in/of n
= change

2. alteration
The alteration of something is the process of changing it.

- Her pink jacket and black skirt were still in the Ruffles boutique waiting for alteration.

N-UNCOUNT

alteration

noun

change

adaptation

adjustment

amendment

conversion

difference

modification

reformation

revision

transformation

variation

altercation

[D.J.:ˌɔ:ltəˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɔltɚˈkeʃən]

n.

争辩, 争吵

altercation

altercation altercations
An altercation is a noisy argument or disagreement. (FORMAL)

- I had a slight altercation with some people who objected to our filming.

N-COUNT: oft N with/between n
= dispute

alter ego

1. alter ego alter egos
Your alter ego is the other side of your personality from the one which people normally see.
N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. alter ego alter egos
You can describe the character that an actor usually plays on television or in films as his or her alter ego .

- Barry Humphries's alter ego Dame Edna has taken the US by storm.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. alter ego alter egos
An alter ego is a very close and intimate friend whose character is often the opposite of your own.

- She is, first and foremost, her husband's alter ego.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

alternate

[D.J.:ɔ:lˈtə:nit]

[K.K.:ˈɔltɚˌnet]

adj.

轮流的, 交替的

间隔的

代替的

[ˈɔ:ltə:neit]

vt. & vi.

(使)交替, (使)轮换

alternately

[D.J.:ɔ:lˈtə:nitli]

adv.

轮流地, 交替地

alternating

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ltɜ:ˌnɪtɪŋ]

adj.

交互的

<医> 交替的

alternation

[D.J.:ˌɔ:ltə:ˈneiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɔltɚˈneʃən, ˌæl-]

n.

交替,轮流,间隔

alternate **

1. alternate alternates alternating alternated
When you alternate two things, you keep using one then the other. When one thing alternates with another, the first regularly occurs after the other.

- Her aggressive moods alternated with gentle or more co-operative states.

- The three acts will alternate as headliners throughout the tour.

- Now you just alternate layers of that mixture and eggplant.

- ...a German big band that alternated romantic American love songs with bouncy Bavarian numbers.

- ...an imaginative novel, with alternating chapters presenting each partner's point of view.

V-RECIP-ERG

2. alternation alternations

- The alternation of sun and snow continued for the rest of our holiday.

N-VAR

3. alternate
Alternate actions, events, or processes regularly occur after each other.

- They were streaked with alternate bands of colour.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. alternately

- He could alternately bully and charm people.

- She became alternately angry and calm.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

5. alternate
If something happens on alternate days, it happens on one day, then happens on every second day after that. In the same way, something can happen in alternate weeks, years, or other periods of time.

- Lesley had agreed to Jim going skiing in alternate years.

ADJ: ADJ n
= every other

6. alternate
You use alternate to describe a plan, idea, or system which is different from the one already in operation and can be used instead of it.

- His group was forced to turn back and take an alternate route.

- ...alternate forms of medical treatment.

ADJ: ADJ n
= alternative

7. alternate alternates
An alternate is a person or thing that replaces another, and can act or be used instead of them. (AM)

- In most jurisdictions, twelve jurors and two alternates are chosen.

- The six food groups include grain products, vegetables, fruits, milk and milk products, meats and meat alternates, and a miscellaneous group.

N-COUNT
= substitute

8. alternate
Alternate is sometimes used, especially in American English, instead of alternative in meanings 3, 4, and 5.

- ...an alternate lifestyle.

ADJ: ADJ n

alternate

verb

1.

change

act reciprocally

fluctuate

interchange

oscillate

rotate

substitute

take turns

adjective

2.

every other

alternating

every second

interchanging

rotating

alternating current

alternating current alternating currents
An alternating current is an electric current that continually changes direction as it flows. The abbreviation AC is also used.
N-VAR

alternative

[D.J.:ɔ:lˈtə:nətiv]

[K.K.:ɔlˈtɚnətɪv, æl-]

adj.

两者择一的, 供替代的

不寻常的, 非传统性的

非正统的

n.

取舍, 抉择, 可供选择的事物

选择的余地, 可供选择的机会

alternatives

供选方案

alternative ****

1. alternative alternatives
If one thing is an alternative to another, the first can be found, used, or done instead of the second.

- New ways to treat arthritis may provide an alternative to painkillers.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

2. alternative
An alternative plan or offer is different from the one that you already have, and can be done or used instead.

- There were alternative methods of travel available.

- They had a right to seek alternative employment.

ADJ: ADJ n
= other alternate

3. alternative
Alternative is used to describe something that is different from the usual things of its kind, or the usual ways of doing something, in modern Western society. For example, an alternative lifestyle does not follow conventional ways of living and working.

- ...unconventional parents who embraced the alternative lifestyle of the Sixties...

- If you like alternative comedy you'll love this book.

ADJ: ADJ n The form alternate is sometimes used, especially in American English, instead of alternative
≠ conventional

4. alternative
Alternative medicine uses traditional ways of curing people, such as medicines made from plants, massage, and acupuncture.

- ...alternative health care.

ADJ: ADJ n The form alternate is sometimes used, especially in American English, instead of alternative

5. alternative
Alternative energy uses natural sources of energy such as the sun, wind, or water for power and fuel, rather than oil, coal, or nuclear power.
ADJ: ADJ n The form alternate is sometimes used, especially in American English, instead of alternative

alternative

noun

1.

choice

option

other of two

preference

recourse

selection

substitute

adjective

2.

different

alternate

another

other

second

substitute

alternatively

[ɔ:lˈtə:nətivli]

adv.

做为选择,二者择一地

alternatively **

alternatively
You use alternatively to introduce a suggestion or to mention something different to what has just been stated.

- Allow about eight hours for the drive from Calais. Alternatively, you can fly to Brive.

ADV: ADV with cl
= otherwise

alternatively

adverb

or

as an alternative

if not

instead

on the other hand

otherwise

alternator

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ltə(:)neitə]

[K.K.:ˈɔltɚˌnetɚ, ˈæl-]

n.

交流发电机

alternator

alternator alternators
An alternator is a device, used especially in a car, that creates an electrical current that changes direction as it flows.
N-COUNT

although

[D.J.:ɔ:lˈðəu]

[K.K.:ɔlˈðo]

conj.

尽管, 虽然

但是, 然而

although *****

1. although
You use although to introduce a subordinate clause which contains a statement which contrasts with the statement in the main clause.

- Although he is known to only a few, his reputation among them is very great.

- Although the shooting has stopped for now, the destruction left behind is enormous.

CONJ-SUBORD

2. although
You use although to introduce a subordinate clause which contains a statement which makes the main clause of the sentence seem surprising or unexpected.

- Although I was only six, I can remember seeing it on TV.

- Although he was twice as old as us, he became the life and soul of the company.

CONJ-SUBORD
= though

3. although
You use although to introduce a subordinate clause which gives some information that is relevant to the main clause but modifies the strength of that statement.

- He was in love with her, although a man seldom puts that name to what he feels.

CONJ-SUBORD
= though

4. although
You use although when admitting a fact about something which you regard as less important than a contrasting fact.

- Although they're expensive, they last forever and never go out of style.

- Although not ideal, this attitude is not entirely destructive.

CONJ-SUBORD

although

conjunction

though

albeit

despite the fact that

even if

even though

notwithstanding

while

altimeter

[D.J.:ˈæltimi:tə]

[K.K.:ælˈtɪmɪtɚ]

n.

高度计

altimeter

altimeter altimeters
An altimeter is an instrument in an aircraft that shows the height of the aircraft above the ground.
N-COUNT

altitude

[D.J.:ˈæltitju:d]

[K.K.:ˈæltɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

高度, 海拔

高处, 高地

altitude *

altitude altitudes
If something is at a particular altitude , it is at that height above sea level.

- The aircraft had reached its cruising altitude of about 39,000 feet.

- The following day I ran my first race at high altitude.

N-VAR: oft N of n

alto

[D.J.:ˈæltəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈælto]

n.

女低音;男声最高音;中音部

女低音歌手;男声最高音歌手

中音乐器；中音萨克号

adj.

中音部的

alto

1. alto altos
An alto is a woman who has a low singing voice.

- ...the altos, the tenors, the sopranos.

- ...the famous alto aria `Have Mercy Lord on me'.

N-COUNT: oft N n
= contralto

2. alto altos
An alto or male alto is a man who has the highest male singing voice.

- In the recording I have today, it is sung by a male alto.

N-COUNT
= counter-tenor

3. alto
An alto musical instrument has a range of notes of medium pitch.

- ...the alto saxophone.

ADJ: ADJ n

altogether

[D.J.:ˌɔ:ltəˈɡeðə]

[K.K.:ˌɔltəˈɡɛðɚ]

adv.

全部地, 完全地

总共

总而言之

altogether ***

1. altogether
You use altogether to emphasize that something has stopped, been done, or finished completely.

- When Artie stopped calling altogether, Julie found a new man.

- His tour may have to be cancelled altogether.

- Clinical test results are certainly encouraging - 10 per cent of wrinkles disappear altogether.

ADV: ADV after v emphasis

2. altogether
You use altogether in front of an adjective or adverb to emphasize a quality that someone or something has.

- The choice of language is altogether different.

- Today's celebrations have been altogether more sedate.

- This wine has an altogether stronger, more pronounced flavour than their other white wines.

ADV: ADV adj/adv emphasis

3. altogether
You use altogether to modify a negative statement and make it less forceful.

- We were not altogether sure that the comet would miss the Earth.

- The fashion business, he claims, not altogether convincingly, is more real than the film business.

- `I'm not altogether a fool,' she said gruffly.

ADV: with neg, ADV group

4. altogether
You can use altogether to introduce a summary of what you have been saying.

- Altogether, it was a delightful town garden, peaceful and secluded.

ADV: ADV with cl

5. altogether
If several amounts add up to a particular amount altogether , that amount is their total.

- Britain has a dozen warships in the area, with a total of five thousand military personnel altogether.

- Altogether seven inmates escaped by scaling a wall and climbing down scaffolding.

ADV: ADV with amount
= in total

altogether

adverb

1.

completely

absolutely

fully

perfectly

quite

thoroughly

totally

utterly

wholly

2.

on the whole

all in all

all things considered

as a whole

collectively

generally

in general

3.

in total

all told

everything included

in all

in sum

taken together

altruism

[D.J.:ˈæltru:ˌɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈæltruˌɪzəm]

n.

利他主义,无私

altruism

altruism
Altruism is unselfish concern for other people's happiness and welfare.
N-UNCOUNT

altruistic

[ˌæltruˈistik]

adj.

利他的,无私心的

altruistic

altruistic
If your behaviour or motives are altruistic , you show concern for the happiness and welfare of other people rather than for yourself.

- ...motives and ambitions that are not entirely altruistic.

ADJ-GRADED
= selfless ≠ selfish

altruistic

adjective

selfless

benevolent

charitable

generous

humanitarian

philanthropic

public-spirited

self-sacrificing

unselfish

aluminium

[D.J.:ˌælju:-ˈminjəm]

[K.K.:ˌæljəˈmɪniəm]

n.

铝

aluminium **

aluminium
Aluminium is a lightweight metal used, for example, for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts. (BRIT; in AM use aluminum )

- ...aluminium cans.

N-UNCOUNT

alumni

[D.J.:əˈl ʌmnaɪ]

[K.K.:əˈl ʌmnaɪ]

n.

(男)校友；(男)毕业生

alumnus

[D.J.:əˈlʌmnəs]

[K.K.:əˈlʌmnəs]

n.

校友

alumnus *

alumnus alumni
The alumni of a school, college, or university are the people who used to be students there. (AM)
N-COUNT

always

[D.J.:ˈɔ:lweiz]

[K.K.:ˈɔlwez, -wɪz, -wiz]

adv.

总是; 永远; 一直; 无例外地

重复地; 有规律地

always *****

1. always
If you always do something, you do it whenever a particular situation occurs. If you always did something, you did it whenever a particular situation occurred.

- Whenever I get into a relationship, I always fall madly in love.

- She's always late for everything.

- We've always done it this way. In fact, we've never done it any other way.

- Always lock your garage.

ADV: ADV before v
≠ never

2. always
If something is always the case, was always the case, or will always be the case, it is, was, or will be the case all the time, continuously.

- We will always remember his generous hospitality.

- He has always been the family solicitor.

- He was always cheerful.

ADV: ADV before v, ADV group
≠ never

3. always
If you say that something is always happening, especially something which annoys you, you mean that it happens repeatedly.

- She was always moving things around.

ADV: ADV before v-cont
= forever

4. always
You use always in expressions such as can always or could always when you are making suggestions or suggesting an alternative approach or method.

- If you can't find any decent apples, you can always try growing them yourself.

- `What are you going to do?' --- `I don't know. I could always go back in the Navy or something.'

ADV: can/could ADV inf

5. always
You can say that someone always was, for example, awkward or lucky to indicate that you are not surprised about what they are doing or have just done.

- She's going to be fine. She always was pretty strong.

- You always were a good friend.

ADV: ADV before v

always

adverb

continually

consistently

constantly

eternally

evermore

every time

forever

invariably

perpetually

repeatedly

without exception

Alzheimer's Disease *

Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's Disease is a condition in which a person's brain and body gradually stop working properly.
N-UNCOUNT also Alzheimer's

am

[D.J.:æm]

[K.K.:æm]

abbr.

(=amplitude modulation) <无>调频,调谐

vi.

(用于第一人称单数现在时)是

v.aux.

(与v-ing连用构成现在进行时;与v-ed连用构成被动语态)

are

[D.J.:ɑ:]

[K.K.:ɑr]

vi.

(用于第二人称单复数现在时,第一、三人称复数现在时)是

v.@aux.

(与v-ing连用构成现在进行时;与v-ed连用构成被动语态)

be

[D.J.:bi:, bi]

[K.K.:bi]

aux. v.

[be v-ing]构成进行式

[be v-ed]构成被动语态

[be to-v]表示必要、打算、可能性、假设等或用来表示将来安排

link v.

用来表示某人或某物即主语本身; 用来表示某人或某物属于某一群体或有某种性质

vi.

在, 存在

不受干扰

been

[D.J.:bɪn]

[K.K.:bɪn]

be的过去分词

been there, done that

去过了；经历过了；没有新意

have been around

生活阅历丰富

老练(指性事)

have been there before

以前也经历过

being

[D.J.:ˈbi:ɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbiɪŋ]

n.

生物, 人

存在, 生存

is

[D.J.:iz;z;s]

[K.K.:ɪz]

是

is.

abbr.

island [isle] 岛

was

[D.J.:wʌz, wɔz,wəz]

[K.K.:wʌz, wɑz,wəz]

(is或am的过去式)

were

[D.J.:wɜ:]

[K.K.:wə..]

(are的过去式)

am

am
Am is the first person singular of the present tense of be . Am is often shortened to 'm in spoken English. The negative forms are `I am not' and `I'm not'. In questions and tags in spoken English, these are usually changed to `aren't I'.

be 1 auxiliary verb uses *****

(In spoken English, forms of be are often shortened, for example `I am' is shortened to `I'm' and `was not' is shortened to `wasn't'.)

1. be ; am are is being was were been
You use be with a present participle to form the continuous tenses of verbs.

- This is happening in every school throughout the country.

- She didn't always think carefully about what she was doing.

- Pratt & Whitney has announced that it will be making further job reductions.

- He had only been trying to help.

- He's doing better than I am.

AUX
be going to : see going .

2. be ; am are is being was were been
You use be with a past participle to form the passive voice.

- Forensic experts were called in.

- Her husband was killed in a car crash.

- The cost of electricity from coal-fired stations is expected to fall.

- Similar action is being taken by the US government.

AUX

3. be ; am are is being was were been
You use be with an infinitive to indicate that something is planned to happen, that it will definitely happen, or that it must happen.

- The talks are to begin tomorrow.

- It was to be Johnson's first meeting with the board in nearly a month.

- You must take the whole project more seriously if you are to succeed.

- You are to answer to Brian, to take your orders from him.

AUX
be about to : see about .

4. be ; am are is being was were been
You use be with an infinitive to say or ask what should happen or be done in a particular situation, how it should happen, or who should do it.

- What am I to do without him?.

- Who is to say which of them had more power?.

- What is to be done?.

- Professor Hirsch is to be commended for bringing the state of our educational system to public notice.

AUX

5. be ; am are is being was were been
You use was and were with an infinitive to talk about something that happened later than the time you are discussing, and was not planned or certain at that time.

- He started something that was to change the face of China.

- A few hours later he was to prove it.

AUX

6. be ; am are is being was were been
You can say that something is to be seen, heard, or found in a particular place to mean that people can see it, hear it, or find it in that place.

- Little traffic was to be seen on the streets.

- They are to be found all over the world.

AUX

be 2 other verb uses *****

(In spoken English, forms of be are often shortened, for example `I am' is shortened to `I'm' and `was not' is shortened to `wasn't'.)

1. be ; am are is being was were been
You use be to introduce more information about the subject, such as its identity, nature, qualities, or position.

- She's my mother.

- This is Elizabeth Blunt, BBC, West Africa.

- He is a very attractive man.

- My grandfather was a butcher.

- The fact that you were willing to pay in the end is all that matters.

- He is fifty and has been through two marriages.

- The sky was black.

- It is 1,267 feet high.

- Cheney was in Madrid.

- His house is next door.

- Their last major film project was in 1964.

- `Is it safe?' --- `Well of course it is.'.

- He's still alive isn't he?

V-LINK

2. be ; am are is being was were been
You use be , with `it' as the subject, in clauses where you are describing something or giving your judgement of a situation.

- It was too chilly for swimming.

- Sometimes it is necessary to say no.

- It is likely that investors will face losses.

- It's nice having friends to chat to.

- It's a good thing I brought lots of handkerchiefs.

- It's no good just having meetings.

- It's a good idea to avoid refined food.

- It's up to us to prove it.

V-LINK

3. be ; am are is being was were been
You use be with the impersonal pronoun `there' in expressions like there is and there are to say that something exists or happens.

- Clearly there is a problem here.

- There are very few cars on this street.

- There was nothing new in the letter.

- There were always things to think about when she went walking.

V-LINK

4. be ; am are is being was were been
You use be as a link between a subject and a clause and in certain other clause structures, as shown below.

- It was me she didn't like, not what I represented.

- What the media should not do is to exploit people's natural fears.

- Our greatest problem is convincing them.

- The question was whether protection could be improved.

- All she knew was that I'd had a broken marriage.

- Local residents said it was as if there had been a nuclear explosion.

V-LINK

5. be ; am are is being was were been
You use be in expressions like the thing is and the point is to introduce a clause in which you make a statement or give your opinion. (SPOKEN)

- The fact is, the players gave everything they had.

- The plan is good; the problem is it doesn't go far enough.

V-LINK

6. be ; am are is being was were been
You use be in expressions like to be fair , to be honest , or to be serious to introduce an additional statement or opinion, and to indicate that you are trying to be fair, honest, or serious.

- She's always noticed. But then, to be honest, Ghislaine likes being noticed.

- It enabled students to devote more time to their studies, or to be more accurate, more time to relaxation.

V-LINK

7. be ; am are is being was were been
The form ` be ' is used occasionally instead of the normal forms of the present tense, especially after `whether'. (FORMAL)

- They should then be able to refer you to the appropriate type of practitioner, whether it be your GP, dentist, or optician.

V-LINK

8. be ; am are is being was were been
If something is , it exists. (mainly LITERARY or FORMAL)

- It hurt so badly he wished to cease to be.

- ...to be or not to be.

VB
= exist

9. be ; am are is being was were been
To be yourself means to behave in the way that is right and natural for you and your personality.

- She'd learnt to be herself and to stand up for her convictions.

V-LINK

10. be
If someone or something is, for example, as happy as can be or as quiet as could be , they are extremely happy or extremely quiet.
PHR: usu v-link PHR

11. be
If you talk about what would happen if it wasn't for someone or something, you mean that they are the only thing that is preventing it from happening.

- I could happily move back into a flat if it wasn't for the fact that I'd miss my garden.

- If it hadn't been for her your father would be alive today.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

12. be
You say ` Be that as it may ' when you want to move onto another subject or go further with the discussion, without deciding whether what has just been said is right or wrong.

- `Is he still just as fat?' --- `I wouldn't know,' continued her mother, ignoring the interruption, `and be that as it may, he has made a fortune.'

PHR vagueness

13. be
If you say that you are not yourself , you mean you are not feeling well.

- She is not herself. She came near to a breakdown.

PHR: V inflects

been

1. been
Been is the past participle of be .

2. been
If you have been to a place, you have gone to it or visited it.

- He's already been to Tunisia, and is to go on to Morocco and Mauritania.

- I've been there before.

VB

being ***

1. being beings
Being is the present participle of be .

2. being
Being is used in non-finite clauses where you are giving the reason for something.

- It being a Sunday, the old men had the day off.

- Little boys, being what they are, might decide to play on it.

- Of course, being young, I did not worry.

V-LINK

3. being beings
You can refer to any real or imaginary creature as a being .

- People expect a horse to perform like a car, with no thought for its feelings as a living being.

- ...beings from outer space.

N-COUNT
See also human being .

4. being
Being is existence. Something that is in being or comes into being exists.

- Abraham Maslow described psychology as `the science of being.'.

- The Kingdom of Italy formally came into being on 17 March 1861.

- ...the complex process by which the novel is brought into being.

N-UNCOUNT
= existence

5. being
You can use being as to introduce a reason for what you are saying. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- I used to go everywhere with my mother, you know, being as I was the youngest.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

is

is
Is is the third person singular of the present tense of be . Is is often added to other words and shortened to -'s .

was

was
Was is the first and third person singular of the past tense of be .

were

1. were
Were is the plural and the second person singular of the past tense of be .

2. were
Were is sometimes used instead of `was' in certain structures, for example in conditional clauses or after the verb `wish'. (FORMAL)

- He told a diplomat that he might withdraw if he were allowed to keep part of a disputed oil field.

- He believes in atheism as though it were a new religion.

be

verb

exist

be alive

breathe

inhabit

live

being

noun

1.

existence

life

reality

2.

nature

entity

essence

soul

spirit

substance

3.

creature

human being

individual

living thing

AM

abbr.

amplitude modulation 调幅

AM

abbr.

amplitude modulation 调幅

AM

AM AMs
An AM is a member of the Welsh Assembly. AM is an abbreviation for `assembly member'.
N-COUNT

Am.

Am.
Am. is a written abbreviation for American .

a.m.

[ˌeiˈem]

adv.

午前, 上午

am. **

a.m
a.m. is used after a number to show that you are referring to a particular time between midnight and noon. Compare p.m. .

- The program starts at 9 a.m.

also am

amalgam

[D.J.:əˈmælgəm]

[K.K.:əˈmælɡəm]

n.

汞合金

混合物

amalgam *

1. amalgam amalgams
Something that is an amalgam of two or more things is a mixture of them.
N-COUNT: oft N of pl-n
= mixture

2. amalgam
Amalgam is a mixture of mercury and another metal, usually silver, that is used in dentistry to make fillings.

- ...amalgam fillings.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

amalgamate

[D.J.:əˈmælgəˌmeɪt]

[K.K.:əˈmælɡəˌmet]

vt. & vi.

(使)(金属)汞齐化

(使)合并, 联合, 结合

amalgamation

[D.J.:əˌmælgəˈmeɪʃən]

[K.K.:əˌmælɡəˈmeʃən]

n.

合并;混合

汞齐化

amalgamate *

1. amalgamate amalgamates amalgamating amalgamated
When two or more things, especially organizations, amalgamate or are amalgamated , they become one large thing.

- The firm has amalgamated with an American company.

- The chemical companies had amalgamated into a vast conglomerate.

- The Visitors' Centre amalgamates the traditions of the Old World with the technology of the New.

V-RECIP-ERG
= merge

2. amalgamation amalgamations

- Athletics South Africa was formed by an amalgamation of two organisations.

N-VAR: oft N of n
= merger

amalgamate

verb

combine

ally

blend

fuse

incorporate

integrate

merge

mingle

unite

amalgamation

noun

combination

blend

coalition

compound

fusion

joining

merger

mixture

union

amass

[D.J.:əˈmæs]

[K.K.:əˈmæs]

vt.

积累, 积聚

amass *

amass amasses amassing amassed
If you amass something such as money or information, you gradually get a lot of it.

- It was better not to enquire too closely into how he had amassed his fortune.

VB
= accumulate accrue

amass

verb

collect

accumulate

assemble

compile

gather

hoard

pile up

amateur

[D.J.:ˈæmətə]

[K.K.:ˈæməˌtɚ, -tɚ, -əˌtʃʊr, -tʃɚ, -ˌtjʊr]

adj.

业余的, 非职业的

外行的

n.

业余爱好者

外行, 生手

amateur ***

1. amateur amateurs
An amateur is someone who does something as a hobby and not as a job.

- Jerry is an amateur who dances because he feels like it.

- Taylor began his playing career as an amateur goalkeeper.

N-COUNT: oft N n
≠ professional

2. amateur
Amateur sports or activities are done by people as a hobby and not as a job.

- She'd particularly like to join the local amateur dramatics society.

- At college he studied English and did amateur boxing.

ADJ: ADJ n

amateur

noun

nonprofessional

dabbler

dilettante

layman

amateurish

[D.J.:ˌæməˈtɜ:rɪʃ, -ˈtʃʊər-, -ˈtjʊər-]

[K.K.:ˌæməˈtə..rɪʃ, -ˈtʃʊr-, -ˈtjʊr-]

adj.

外行的, 不熟练的

amateurish

amateurish
If you describe something as amateurish , you think that it is not skilfully made or done.

- We have to develop a less amateurish approach to our organisations.

- The walls were covered in old paintings, all of them cheap and amateurish.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

amateurish

adjective

unprofessional

amateur

bungling

clumsy

crude

inexpert

unaccomplished

amateurism

[ˈæmətərizəm]

n.

业余性,非职业的作为

amateurism

amateurism
Amateurism is the belief that people should take part in sports and other activities as a hobby, for pleasure, rather than as a job, for money.

- He is a staunch supporter of amateurism.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ professionalism

amaze

[D.J.:əˈmeiz]

[K.K.:əˈmez]

vt.

使大为吃惊, 使惊奇

amazed

[əˈmeizd]

adj.

吃惊的,惊奇的

amazing

[əˈmeiziŋ]

adj.

令人惊异的

amazingly

[D.J.:əˈmeɪzɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:əˈmezɪ ŋlɪ]

adv.

令人惊奇地

amaze **

1. amaze amazes amazing amazed
If something amazes you, it surprises you very much.

- He amazed us by his knowledge of Welsh history.

- The Riverside Restaurant promises a variety of food that never ceases to amaze!

VB
= astonish

2. amazed

- He said most of the cast was amazed by the play's success.

- I was amazed to learn she was still writing her stories.

- She is amazed that people still risk travelling without insurance.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= astonished

amazing ***

1. amazing
You say that something is amazing when it is very surprising and makes you feel pleasure, approval, or wonder.

- It's amazing what we can remember with a little prompting.

- This movie has some of the most amazing stunts you're ever likely to see.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ wh/that
= astonishing

2. amazingly

- She was an amazingly good cook.

ADV-GRADED

amaze

verb

astonish

alarm

astound

bewilder

dumbfound

shock

stagger

startle

stun

surprise

amazing

adjective

astonishing

astounding

breathtaking

eye-opening

overwhelming

staggering

startling

stunning

surprising

amazement

[D.J.:əˈmeɪzmənt]

[K.K.:əˈmezmənt]

n.

惊奇, 惊愕

amazement *

amazement
Amazement is the feeling you have when something surprises you very much.

- I stared at her in amazement.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N
= astonishment

amazement

noun

astonishment

admiration

bewilderment

confusion

perplexity

shock

surprise

wonder

Amazon

[D.J.:ˈæməzən]

[K.K.:ˈæməˌzɑn, -zən]

n.

亚马逊河(南美洲大河)

Amazon

1. Amazon Amazons
In Greek mythology, the Amazons were a tribe of women who were very good at fighting.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. Amazon Amazons
People sometimes refer to a tall, strong woman as an Amazon .

- In China Grace Thompson observed the great variety of loads that were carried by `slim, erect but muscular Amazons'.

N-COUNT

Amazonian

[D.J.:ˌæməˈzəunjən]

[K.K.:ˌæməˈzoniən]

n.

亚马逊河区的印第安人

adj.

亚马逊河的,(女子)刚勇好战的,有男子气的

Amazonian

1. Amazonian
Amazonian means related to the area around the river Amazon.

- ...the people who live in the Amazonian rainforest.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Amazonian
People sometimes describe a tall, strong woman as Amazonian .

- The Amazonian Geena Davis gives a fine performance as a great baseball player.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. Amazonian
Amazonian means belonging to or connected with the Amazons in Greek mythology.

- ...Amazonian queens.

- ...Amazonian mythology.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

ambassador

[D.J.:æmˈbæsədə]

[K.K.:æmˈbæsədɚ, -ˌdɔr]

n.

大使, 使节

ambassador ***

ambassador ambassadors
An ambassador is an important official who lives in a foreign country and represents his or her own country's interests there.

- ...the German ambassador to Poland.

N-COUNT: oft adj N, N to n

ambassador

noun

representative

agent

consul

deputy

diplomat

envoy

legate

minister

ambassadorial

[æmˌbæsəˈdɔ:riəl]

adj.

大使的,使节的

ambassadorial

ambassadorial
Ambassadorial means belonging or relating to an ambassador.

- His three ambassadorial posts were in Djakarta, Rekyjavik and Dublin.

ADJ: ADJ n

amber

[D.J.:ˈæmbə]

[K.K.:ˈæmbɚ]

n.

琥珀(色)

黄色;黄褐色

黄色交通信号灯

adj.

琥珀似的;琥珀制的

琥珀色的

amber *

1. amber
Amber is a hard yellowish-brown substance used for making jewellery.

- ...an amber choker with matching earrings.

- ...a Victorian cigar holder of amber and sterling silver.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

2. amber
Amber is used to describe things that are yellowish-brown in colour.

- A burst of sunshine sent a beam of amber light through the window.

- He shook the amber bottle vigorously.

COLOUR: usu COLOUR n

3. amber
An amber traffic light is orange.

- Cars did not stop when the lights were on amber.

COLOUR

ambergris

[D.J.:ˈæmbəɡri(:)s]

[K.K.:ˈæmbɚˌɡrɪs, -ˌɡris]

n.

龙涎香(一种脂肪物质,用以制香料)

ambergris

ambergris
Ambergris is a waxy substance produced by sperm whales. It is used to make some perfumes.
N-UNCOUNT

ambidextrous

[D.J.:ˌæmbɪˈdekstrəs]

[K.K.:ˌæmbɪˈdɛkstrəs]

adj.

左右手都灵的

搞两面派的

非常灵巧的；非常熟练的

ambidextrous

ambidextrous
Someone who is ambidextrous can use both their right hand and their left hand equally skilfully.
ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

ambience

[D.J.:ˈæmbi:əns, ɑ:ŋˈbjɑ:ŋs]

[K.K.:ˈæmbiəns, ɑŋˈbjɑŋs]

n.

环境, 气氛

ambience *

ambience
The ambience of a place is the character and atmosphere that it seems to have. (LITERARY)

- The overall ambience of the room is cosy.

N-SING: also no det, oft N of n also ambiance
= atmosphere

ambient

[D.J.:ˈæmbi:ənt]

[K.K.:ˈæmbiənt]

adj.

周围的,包围着的

ambient

1. ambient
The ambient temperature is the temperature of the air above the ground in a particular place. (TECHNICAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

2. ambient
Ambient sound or light is the sound or light which is all around you. (TECHNICAL)

- ...ambient sounds of children in the background.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

ambiguity

[D.J.:ˌæmbɪˈgju:ɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌæmbɪˈɡjuɪti]

n.

歧义;意义不明确

模棱两可的意思；模棱两可的话;含糊话

ambiguity *

1. ambiguity ambiguities
If you say that there is ambiguity in something, you mean that it is unclear or confusing, or it can be understood in more than one way.

- There is considerable ambiguity about what this part of the agreement actually means.

- ...the ambiguities of language.

N-VAR
= vagueness ≠ clarity

2. ambiguity ambiguities
If you say that there is an ambiguity in a situation or in someone's character, you mean that it contains several different qualities or attitudes which do not fit well together.

- The author's style suggests a certain ambiguity in his moral view.

N-VAR
= contradiction

ambiguity

noun

vagueness

doubt

dubiousness

equivocation

obscurity

uncertainty

ambiguous

[D.J.:æmˈbiɡjuəs]

[K.K.:æmˈbɪɡjuəs]

adj.

引起歧义的; 模棱两可的, 含糊不清的

ambiguously

adv.

含糊不清地,引起歧异地

ambiguous *

1. ambiguous
If you describe something as ambiguous , you mean that it is unclear or confusing because it can be understood in more than one way.

- This agreement is very ambiguous and open to various interpretations.

- The Foreign Secretary's remarks clarify an ambiguous statement issued earlier this week.

ADJ-GRADED
= vague ≠ obvious clear

2. ambiguously

- Zaire's national conference on democracy ended ambiguously.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. ambiguous
If you describe something as ambiguous , you mean that it contains several different ideas or attitudes that do not fit well together.

- Students have ambiguous feelings about their role in the world.

ADJ-GRADED

ambiguous

adjective

unclear

dubious

enigmatic

equivocal

inconclusive

indefinite

indeterminate

obscure

vague

ambit

[D.J.:ˈæmbit]

[K.K.:ˈæmbɪt]

n.

范围, 界限

ambit

ambit
The ambit of something is its range or extent. (FORMAL)

- Her case falls within the ambit of moral law.

N-SING: usu with poss
= scope

ambition

[D.J.:æmˈbiʃən]

[K.K.:æmˈbɪʃən]

n.

抱负, 雄心, 野心

渴望得到的东西

ambition ***

1. ambition ambitions
If you have an ambition to do or achieve something, you want very much to do it or achieve it.

- His ambition is to sail round the world.

- He harboured ambitions of becoming a Tory MP.

N-COUNT: oft N to-inf
= goal

2. ambition
Ambition is the desire to be successful, rich, or powerful.

- Even when I was young I never had any ambition.

- ...a mixture of ambition and ruthlessness.

N-UNCOUNT

ambition

noun

1.

enterprise

aspiration

desire

drive

eagerness

longing

striving

yearning

zeal

2.

goal

aim

aspiration

desire

dream

hope

intent

objective

purpose

wish

ambitious

[D.J.:æmˈbiʃəs]

[K.K.:æmˈbɪʃəs]

adj.

有抱负的, 雄心勃勃的

有野心的

ambitiously

adv.

雄心勃勃地

ambitious **

1. ambitious
Someone who is ambitious has a strong desire to be successful, rich, or powerful.

- Chris is so ambitious, so determined to do it all.

- He's a very ambitious lad and he wants to play at the highest level.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unambitious

2. ambitious
An ambitious idea or plan is on a large scale and needs a lot of work to be carried out successfully.

- The ambitious project was completed in only nine months.

- Their goal was extraordinarily ambitious.

ADJ-GRADED

3. ambitiously

- Its trade and industrial policies should be used more ambitiously.

- He is working on his life story, ambitiously planned as a 50-volume work.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

ambitious

adjective

enterprising

aspiring

avid

eager

hopeful

intent

purposeful

striving

zealous

ambivalence

[D.J.:æmˈbɪvələns]

[K.K.:æmˈbɪvələns]

n.

矛盾情绪；矛盾心理

摇摆；犹豫;举棋不定

ambivalent

[D.J.:æmˈbɪvələnt]

[K.K.:æmˈbɪvələnt]

adj.

对某物、某人或某境况具有或显示矛盾情感的

ambivalent *

1. ambivalent
If you say that someone is ambivalent about something, they seem to be uncertain whether they really want it, or whether they really approve of it.

- She remained ambivalent about her marriage.

- He maintained an ambivalent attitude to the Church throughout his long life.

ADJ-GRADED
= unsure

2. ambivalence ambivalences

- I've never lied about my feelings, including my ambivalence about getting married again.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N about/towards n

3. ambivalently

- They ambivalently condemn both the disorders and the jury verdict that touched off the disorders.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

ambivalent

adjective

undecided

contradictory

doubtful

equivocal

in two minds

uncertain

wavering

amble

[D.J.:ˈæmbəl]

[K.K.:ˈæmbəl]

vi.

(马)缓行

从容地走, 漫步

n.

(马的)缓行步态

从容轻松的步伐,漫步

amble

1. amble ambles ambling ambled
When you amble , you walk slowly and in a relaxed manner.

- We ambled along in front of the houses.

- Slowly they ambled back to the car.

VB
= stroll

2. amble
Also a noun.

- ...an afternoon's amble around the oldest parts of Paris.

N-SING

amble

verb

stroll

dawdle

meander

mosey informal

ramble

saunter

walk

wander

ambrosia

[D.J.:æmˈbrəʊzɪə]

n.

(希腊罗马神话中)神仙的食物

美味食品

ambrosia

ambrosia
In Greek mythology, ambrosia is the food of the gods.
N-UNCOUNT

ambulance

[D.J.:ˈæmbjuləns]

[K.K.:ˈæmbjələns]

n.

救护车

ambulance **

ambulance ambulances
An ambulance is a vehicle for taking people to and from hospital.
N-COUNT: also by N

ambulanceman

n.

(救护车,船或飞机上的)救护人员

ambulanceman

ambulanceman ambulancemen
An ambulanceman is a man who drives an ambulance or takes care of people in an ambulance on the way to hospital. (BRIT; in AM use ambulance driver )
N-COUNT

ambush

[D.J.:ˈæmbʊʃ]

[K.K.:ˈæmbʊʃ]

n.

埋伏

伏击

埋伏着的人, 伏兵

设埋伏地点, 伏击处

vt.

埋伏

伏击

vi.

埋伏

lie in ambush

埋伏着

ambush **

1. ambush ambushes ambushing ambushed
If a group of people ambush their enemies, they attack them after hiding and waiting for them.

- The Guatemalan army says rebels ambushed and killed 10 patrolmen.

VB
= waylay

2. ambush ambushes
An ambush is an attack on someone by people who have been hiding and waiting for them.

- A policeman has been shot dead in an ambush in County Armagh.

N-VAR

3. ambush
If someone is lying in ambush , they are hiding and waiting for someone, usually to attack them.

- The gunmen, lying in ambush, opened fire, killing the driver.

PHR: PHR after v

ambush

noun

1.

trap

lying in wait

waylaying

verb

2.

trap

attack

bushwhack U.S.

ensnare

surprise

waylay

ameliorate

[D.J.:əˈmi:ljəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:əˈmiljəˌret]

vt.

<正,夸>(使)改善,改进

amelioration

n.

ameliorative

adj.

amelioration

[D.J.:əˌmi:ljəˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:əˌmiljəˈreʃən]

n.

改善,改进

ameliorative

[əˈmi:ljərətiv]

adj.

改善的

ameliorate

1. ameliorate ameliorates ameliorating ameliorated
If someone or something ameliorates a situation, they make it better or easier in some way. (FORMAL)

- Nothing can be done to ameliorate the situation.

- He expected me to do something to ameliorate his depression.

VB
= alleviate ≠ exacerbate

2. amelioration

- ...a demand for amelioration of conditions.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

amen

[D.J.:eɪˈmen, ɑ:ˈmen]

[K.K.:eˈmɛn, ɑˈmɛn]

int.

阿门

n.

<美口>认可或批准

adv.

<古>真实地

amen

amen
Amen is said by Christians at the end of a prayer.

- In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost, Amen.

CONVENTION

amenable

[D.J.:əˈmi:nəbəl, əˈmenə-]

[K.K.:əˈminəbəl, əˈmɛnə-]

adj.

易控制的, 顺从的;愿接受的

(对法律等)负责的

经得起检验(或考查)的

amenable

amenable
If you are amenable to something, you are willing to do it or accept it.

- The Jordanian leader seemed amenable to attending a conference.

- I never had a long-term relationship as I wasn't good enough, or interesting or amenable enough.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n/-ing
= agreeable

amenable

adjective

receptive

able to be influenced

acquiescent

agreeable

open

persuadable

responsive

susceptible

amend

[D.J.:əˈmend]

[K.K.:əˈmɛnd]

vt. & vi.

改良; 修改, 修订

amends

[D.J.:əˈmendz]

[K.K.:əˈmɛndz]

n.

赔罪, 赔偿

amend **

1. amend amends amending amended
If you amend something that has been written such as a law, or something that is said, you change it in order to improve it or make it more accurate.

- Kaunda agreed to amend the constitution and allow multi-party elections.

- `You must admit that the man has got charm,' said Nicolson. `Glamour,' amended Wells.

- ...the amended version of the Act.

VB
= revise

2. amend
If you make amends when you have harmed someone, you show that you are sorry by doing something to please them.

- He wanted to make amends for causing their marriage to fail.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR for n/-ing
= atone

amend

verb

change

alter

correct

fix

improve

mend

modify

reform

remedy

repair

revise

amends

plural noun

make amends for

compensation

atonement

recompense

redress

reparation

restitution

satisfaction

amendment

[D.J.:əˈmendmənt]

[K.K.:əˈmɛndmənt]

n.

修改, 改动;修正案

amendment ***

1. amendment amendments
An amendment is a section that is added to a law or rule in order to change it.

- ...an amendment to the defense bill.

- ...a constitutional amendment...

- Parliament gained certain rights of amendment.

N-VAR

2. amendment amendments
An amendment is a change that is made to a piece of writing.
N-COUNT
= alteration

amendment

noun

1.

change

alteration

correction

emendation

improvement

modification

reform

remedy

repair

revision

2.

alteration

addendum

addition

attachment

clarification

amenities

n.

令人愉快的事物

amenity

[D.J.:əˈmenɪti:, əˈmi:nɪ-]

[K.K.:əˈmɛnɪti, əˈminɪ-]

n.

(环境等的)舒适,适意,优雅

便利设施；娱乐设施；福利设施

礼仪,礼节

(性情等的)愉快

amenity *

amenity amenities
Amenities are things such as shopping centres or sports facilities that are provided for people's convenience, enjoyment, or comfort.

- The hotel amenities include health clubs, conference facilities, and banqueting rooms.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= facilities

amenity

noun

facility

advantage

comfort

convenience

service

Amerasian

[D.J.:æməˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæməˈreʒən, -ʃən]

n.

(尤指父亲是美国人,母亲是亚洲人的)美亚混血儿

adj.

美亚混血的

Amerasian

1. Amerasian Amerasians
People who have one American parent and one Asian parent are sometimes referred to as Amerasians .

- ...discrimination against Amerasians in Vietnam.

N-COUNT

2. Amerasian
Also an adjective.

- ...an Amerasian boy now living in Philadelphia.

ADJ

American

[D.J.:əˈmerɪkən]

[K.K.:əˈmɛrɪkən]

n.

美国人, 美洲人

adj.

美国的；美洲的

as American as apple pie

地道美国式的

American ****

1. American
An American person or thing belongs to or comes from the United States of America.

- ...the American Ambassador at the United Nations...

- It was very pleasant to sit in the summer in open air theaters and see American movies.

ADJ
See also Latin American .

2. American Americans
An American is someone who is American.

- The 1990 Nobel Prize for medicine was won by two Americans.

N-COUNT

Americana

[D.J.:əˌmeriˈkɑ:nə]

[K.K.:ɑˌmɛriˈkɑnɑ]

n.

有关美国的文物,史料

Americana

Americana
Objects that come from or relate to America are referred to as Americana , especially when they are in a collection.

- ...1950s Americana.

N-UNCOUNT

American football *

1. American football
American football is a game similar to rugby that is played by two teams of eleven players using an oval-shaped ball. Players try to score points by carrying the ball to their opponents' end of the field, or by kicking it over a bar fixed between two posts. (BRIT; in AM use football )
N-UNCOUNT

2. American football American footballs
An American football is an oval-shaped ball used for playing American football. (BRIT; in AM use football )
N-COUNT

American Indian

1. American Indian
American Indian people or things belong to or come from one of the native peoples of America. (mainly BRIT; in AM use Indian or Native American )
ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. American Indian American Indians
An American Indian is someone who is American Indian.
N-COUNT

Americanism

[D.J.:əˈmerɪkəˌnɪzəm]

[K.K.:əˈmɛrɪkəˌnɪzəm]

n.

美国英语(的词或用法)

美国特有的风俗习惯及特性等

对于美国的忠诚与拥护

美国精神

Americanism

1. Americanism Americanisms
An Americanism is an expression that is typical of people living in the United States of America.

- He was, to adopt an Americanism, `an empty suit'.

N-COUNT

2. Americanism
Americanism is the quality or state of being American.

- I liked the film's Americanism.

- ...his deep-seated Americanism.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

Americanization

[əˌmerikənaiˈzeiʃən;-niˈz-]

n.

美国化

Americanization

Americanization
Americanization is the process by which people or countries become more and more similar to Americans and the United States.

- ...the Americanization of French culture.

N-UNCOUNT (BRIT) also Americanisation

Americanized

Americanized
If someone is Americanized , they do things in a way that is typical of the United States.

- A Californian I know complains that a village in Ecuador is becoming more and more Americanized.

ADJ (BRIT) also Americanised

Amerindian

[D.J.:ˌæməˈrindjən]

[K.K.:ˌæməˈrɪndiən]

n.

美国印地安人或爱斯基摩人

Amerindian

Amerindian
Amerindian means the same as American Indian .

amethyst

[D.J.:ˈæməθɪst]

[K.K.:ˈæməθɪst]

n.

紫蓝色宝石,紫晶，紫水晶

紫色

amethyst

1. amethyst amethysts
Amethysts are clear purple stones, sometimes used to make jewellery.

- The necklace consisted of amethysts set in gold.

- ...rows of amethyst beads...

- Amethyst was believed by the Greeks to protect a person from drunkenness.

N-VAR

2. amethyst amethysts
Amethyst is used to describe things that are pale purple in colour.

- She had watched the colours changing from green to amethyst.

- ...amethyst glass.

COLOUR

amiability

n.

和蔼可亲的,亲切的,友善的

amiability

amiability
Amiability is the quality of being friendly and pleasant. (WRITTEN)

- I found his amiability charming.

N-UNCOUNT
= friendliness

amiable

[D.J.:ˈeimjəbl]

[K.K.:ˈemiəbəl]

adj.

好脾气的, 和蔼的

amiably

[ˈeimjəbli]

adv.

和蔼可亲地,亲切地

amiable *

1. amiable
Someone who is amiable is friendly and pleasant to be with. (WRITTEN)

- She had been surprised at how amiable and polite he had seemed.

ADJ-GRADED
= friendly

2. amiably

- We chatted amiably about old friends.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

amiable

adjective

pleasant

affable

agreeable

charming

congenial

engaging

friendly

genial

likable or likeable

lovable

amicable

[D.J.:ˈæmɪkəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈæmɪkəbəl]

adj.

友好的

温和的

amicably

[ˈæmikəbli]

adv.

友善地

amicable *

1. amicable
When people have an amicable relationship, they are pleasant to each other and solve their problems without quarrelling.

- The meeting ended on reasonably amicable terms.

- Our discussions were amicable and productive.

ADJ-GRADED
= friendly ≠ hostile

2. amicably

- He hoped the dispute could be settled amicably.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

amicable

adjective

friendly

amiable

civil

cordial

courteous

harmonious

neighbourly

peaceful

sociable

amid

[D.J.:əˈmid]

[K.K.:əˈmɪd]

prep.

(表示位置)在…中间, 处于…之中, 为…所环绕

(表示环境)处于…环境中, 处于…状态中; 由于存在…情况, 由于处于…状态中

(表示让步)尽管有…的情况, 尽管存在…的状态

amid ***

1. amid
If something happens amid noises or events of some kind, it happens while the other things are happening.

- A senior leader cancelled a trip to Britain yesterday amid growing signs of a possible political crisis.

- Children were changing classrooms amid laughter and shouts.

PREP The form amidst is also used, but is more literary
= amidst

2. amid
If something is amid other things, it is surrounded by them. (LITERARY)

- ...a tiny bungalow amid clusters of trees.

PREP The form amidst is also used, but is more literary

amid amidst

preposition

in the middle of

among

amongst

in the midst of

in the thick of

surrounded by

amidships

[D.J.:əˈmidsʃips]

[K.K.:əˈmɪdˌʃɪps]

adv.

在船中部,在船腹

amidships

amidships
Amidships means halfway along the length of a ship.

- We'd hit a fishing boat amidships, cutting it in half.

ADV: ADV after v

amidst

[D.J.:əˈmɪdst]

[K.K.:əˈmɪdst]

prep.

在…中

amidst *

amidst
Amidst means the same as amid . (LITERARY)
PREP
= amid

amino acid *

amino acid amino acids
Amino acids are substances containing nitrogen and hydrogen and which are found in proteins. Amino acids occur naturally in the body.
N-COUNT: usu pl

Amir

Amir
Amir means the same as emir .

amiss

[D.J.:əˈmɪs]

[K.K.:əˈmɪs]

adj.

出了差错的,有毛病的

有缺陷的

(用于否定句)不恰当的

adv.

错误地,不正确地

不顺当地;不称心地

不恰当地,不对头地

not come/go amiss

合时宜；有用；倒也不错

take amiss

(可能因误会)对…生气；因…而见怪

amiss

1. amiss
If you say that something is amiss , you mean there is something wrong.

- Their instincts warned them something was amiss.

- Something is radically amiss in our health care system.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= wrong

2. amiss
If you say that something would not go amiss or would not come amiss , you mean that it would be pleasant and useful. (BRIT)

- A bit of charm and humour would not go amiss.

- The cracks are showing in the walls and a lick of paint would not come amiss.

PHR: V inflects

amiss

adverb

1.

wrongly

erroneously

improperly

inappropriately

incorrectly

mistakenly

unsuitably

take (something) amiss

2.

as an insult

as offensive

out of turn

wrongly

adjective

3.

wrong

awry

faulty

incorrect

mistaken

untoward

amity

[D.J.:ˈæmɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈæmɪti]

n.

和睦；友好关系

amity

amity
Amity is peaceful, friendly relations between people or countries. (FORMAL)

- Over the past two decades the two countries have lived in amity with each other.

N-UNCOUNT
= peace ≠ enmity

ammo

[D.J.:ˈæməu]

[K.K.:ˈæmo]

n.

〈俚〉弹药,军火

ammo

ammo
Ammo is ammunition for guns and other weapons. (INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

ammonia

[D.J.:əˈməʊnjə]

[K.K.:əˈmonjə]

n.

氨

氨水

ammonia *

ammonia
Ammonia is a colourless liquid or gas with a strong, sharp smell. It is used in making household cleaning substances.
N-UNCOUNT

ammunition

[D.J.:ˌæmjuˈniʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən]

n.

弹药, 军火

ammunition **

1. ammunition
Ammunition is bullets and rockets that are made to be fired from guns.

- He had only seven rounds of ammunition for the revolver.

N-UNCOUNT

2. ammunition
You can describe information that you can use against someone in an argument or discussion as ammunition .

- The improved trade figures have given the government fresh ammunition.

N-UNCOUNT

ammunition

noun

munitions

armaments

explosives

powder

rounds

shells

shot

amnesia

[D.J.:æmˈni:ʒə]

[K.K.:æmˈniʒə]

n.

<医>遗忘(症), 记忆缺失

amnesia

amnesia
If someone is suffering from amnesia , they have lost their memory.

- People suffering from amnesia don't forget their general knowledge of objects.

N-UNCOUNT

amnesiac

[æmˈni:ziˌæk]

adj.

记忆缺失的,(引起) 遗忘(症)的

amnesiac

1. amnesiac
Someone who is amnesiac has lost their memory.

- Rachel had been found, wandering, apparently amnesiac and shocked.

ADJ

2. amnesiac amnesiacs
An amnesiac is someone who is amnesiac.

- Even profound amnesiacs can usually recall how to perform daily activities.

N-COUNT

amnesty

[D.J.:ˈæmnɪsti:]

[K.K.:ˈæmnɪsti]

n.

大赦

vt.

对...实行大赦;赦免

amnesty **

1. amnesty amnesties
An amnesty is an official pardon granted to a group of prisoners by the state.

- Activists who were involved in crimes of violence will not automatically be granted amnesty.

N-VAR
= pardon

2. amnesty amnesties
An amnesty is a period of time during which people can admit to a crime or give up weapons without being punished.

- The government has announced an immediate amnesty for rebel fighters.

N-COUNT

amnesty

noun

general pardon

absolution

dispensation

forgiveness

immunity

remission of penalty

reprieve

amniocentesis

[D.J.:ˌæmniəusenˈti:sis]

[K.K.:ˌæmniosɛnˈtisɪs]

n.

羊膜腔穿制术

amniocentesis

amniocentesis
If a pregnant woman has an amniocentesis , fluid is removed from her womb in order to check that her unborn baby is not affected by certain genetic disorders.
N-UNCOUNT

amoeba

[D.J.:əˈmi:bə]

[K.K.:əˈmibə]

n.

阿米巴;变形虫

amoebic

adj.

变形虫的

amoebae

n.

阿米巴,变形虫

amoebic

[əˈmi:bik]

adj.

阿米巴的,阿米巴性的

amoeba

amoeba amoebae or amoebas
An amoeba is the smallest kind of living creature. Amoebae consist of only one cell, and are found in water or soil.
N-COUNT

amok

[D.J.:əˈmɔk]

[K.K.:əˈmʌk, əˈmɑk]

adj.,adv.

杀人狂,狂乱地,杀气腾腾地

amok

amok
If a person, animal, or machine runs amok , they behave in a violent and uncontrolled way.

- A soldier was arrested after running amok with a vehicle through Berlin.

PHR: V inflects

amok amuck

adverb

run amok

madly

berserk

destructively

ferociously

in a frenzy

murderously

savagely

uncontrollably

violently

wildly

among

[D.J.:əˈmʌŋ]

[K.K.:əˈmʌŋ]

prep.

(表示位置)处在…中, 为…所环绕, 为…所环抱

(表示方式)以…联合行动

(表示比较)与…比较, 突出于

(表示排斥)除…之外(还有)

(表示范围)在…之内, 为…所分享[共有], 在…一类之中, 是…中之一, 在…群中

(表示环境)与…在一起, 与…相处

(表示牵涉)经过, 涉及

(表示关系)相互间, 彼此

(表示所属)为…所特有; 为…所熟悉

among *****

1. among
Someone or something that is situated or moving among a group of things or people is surrounded by them.

- ...youths in their late teens sitting among adults...

- They walked among the crowds in Red Square.

- ...a garden of semi-tropical vegetation set among pools and waterfalls.

PREP The form amongst is also used, but is more literary
= amidst

2. among
If you are among people of a particular kind, you are with them and having contact with them.

- Things weren't so bad, after all. I was among friends again.

- I was brought up among people who read and wrote a lot.

PREP The form amongst is also used, but is more literary

3. among
If someone or something is among a group, they are a member of that group and share its characteristics.

- A fifteen year old girl was among the injured.

- Also among the speakers was the new American ambassador to Moscow.

PREP The form amongst is also used, but is more literary

4. among
If you want to focus on something that is happening within a particular group of people, you can say that it is happening among that group.

- Homicide is the leading cause of death among black men.

- ...discussions among the world leaders who are in Paris for the European security conference.

PREP The form amongst is also used, but is more literary

5. among
If something happens among a group of people, it happens within the whole of that group or between the members of that group.

- The calls for reform come as intense debate continues among the leadership over the next five-year economic plan.

- Much of the talk of political disaster had been among intellectuals.

PREP The form amongst is also used, but is more literary

6. among
If something such as a feeling, opinion, or situation exists among a group of people, most of them have it or experience it.

- There was some concern among book and magazine retailers after last Wednesday's news.

- The resort is popular among ski enthusiasts.

PREP The form amongst is also used, but is more literary

7. among
You use among before a noun to mention a group when talking about a smaller group within it.

- Among those 18 and over, 510,000 benefit claimants were not unemployed.

- Among the varieties available, my preference stays with the old and lovely pink-flowered variety, `Apple Blossom'.

PREP The form amongst is also used, but is more literary

8. among
If something applies to a particular person or thing among others, it also applies to other people or things.

- ...a news conference attended among others by our foreign affairs correspondent...

- She knew many theatrical personalities and had worked, among others, with George Bernard Shaw.

PREP The form amongst is also used, but is more literary

9. among
If something is shared among a number of people, some of it is given to all of them.

- Most of the furniture was left to the neighbours or distributed among friends.

- She tried to ensure her affection was equally shared among all three children.

PREP The form amongst is also used, but is more literary

10. among
If people talk, fight, or agree among themselves, they do it together, without involving anyone else.

- European farm ministers disagree among themselves.

- The directors have been arguing among themselves.

PREP: PREP pron-refl The form amongst is also used, but is more literary
= amongst

among amongst

preposition

1.

in the midst of

amid

amidst

in the middle of

in the thick of

surrounded by

together with

with

2.

in the group of

in the class of

in the company of

in the number of

out of

3.

to each of

between

amongst

[D.J.:əˈmʌŋst]

[K.K.:əˈmʌŋst]

prep.

(表示位置)处在…中, 为…所环绕, 为…所环抱

(表示方式)以…联合行动

(表示比较)与…比较, 突出于

(表示排斥)除…之外(还有)

(表示范围)在…之内, 为…所分享[共有], 在…一类之中, 是…中之一, 在…群中

(表示环境)与…在一起, 与…相处

(表示牵涉)经过, 涉及

(表示关系)相互间, 彼此

(表示所属)为…所特有; 为…所熟悉

amongst **

amongst
Amongst means the same as among . (LITERARY)
PREP
= among

amoral

[D.J.:eɪˈmɔ:rəl, eɪˈmɔr-]

[K.K.:eˈmɔrəl, eˈmɑr-]

adj.

不属于道德范畴的;没有道德原则的

无道德感的；无从区分是非的

amoral

1. amoral
If you describe someone as amoral , you do not like the way they behave because they do not seem to care whether what they do is right or wrong.

- ...a society threatened by amoral and often random violence...

- The film was violent and amoral.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ moral

2. amorality

- Anita envied her sister's amorality and contempt for public opinion.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ morality

amorous

[D.J.:ˈæmərəs]

[K.K.:ˈæmərəs]

adj.

色情的, 多情的, 爱情的

热情的

amorous

amorous
If you describe someone's feelings or actions as amorous , you mean that they involve sexual desire.

- The object of his amorous intentions is Martina.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

amorous

adjective

loving

erotic

impassioned

in love

lustful

passionate

tender

amorphous

[D.J.:əˈmɔ:fəs]

[K.K.:əˈmɔrfəs]

adj.

无固定形状的

非结晶的；非晶态的

模糊的

无组织的;难以名状的

乱七八糟的;难以归类的

无一定方向(或目的)的

amorphous

amorphous
Something that is amorphous has no clear shape or structure. (FORMAL)

- A dark, strangely amorphous shadow filled the room.

- ...the amorphous mass of the unemployed.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= shapeless

amortize

amortize amortizes amortizing amortized
In finance, if you amortize a debt, you pay it back in regular payments. (TECHNICAL)

- There's little advantage to amortizing the loan, especially on a 30 or 40-year basis.

VB (BRIT) also amortise
= pay off

amount

[D.J.:əˈmaunt]

[K.K.:əˈmaʊnt]

n.

量, 数量, 数额

总额, 总数

vi.

合计, 共计

等同, 接近

amount ****

1. amount amounts
The amount of something is how much there is, or how much you have, need, or get.

- He needs that amount of money to survive.

- I still do a certain amount of work for them.

- Postal money orders are available in amounts up to $700.

N-VAR: usu N of n

2. amount amounts amounting amounted
If something amounts to a particular total, all the parts of it add up to that total.

- Consumer spending on sports-related items amounted to £9.75 billion.

VB

3. amount
If you say that there is any amount of something, there is a lot of it. If you say that there are any amount of people or things, there are many people or things.

- I'm able to lay my hands on any amount of cash at a minute's notice.

- There are any amount of clubs you could join.

PHR

amount

noun

quantity

expanse

extent

magnitude

mass

measure

number

supply

volume

amount to ****

amount to amounts to; amounting to; amounted to
If you say that one thing amounts to something else, you consider the first thing to be the same as the second thing.

- The banks have what amounts to a monopoly.

- ...a schoolboy comedy, which amounted to little more than slapstick.

PHR-V-LINK

amount to

verb

add up to

become

come to

develop into

equal

mean

total

amour

[D.J.:əˈmuə]

[K.K.:əˈmʊr]

n.

奸情,恋情

amour

amour amours
An amour is a love affair, especially one which is kept secret. (OLD-FASHIONED or LITERARY)
N-COUNT

amp

[D.J.:æmp]

[K.K.:æmp]

n.

安培

放大器

amp.

ampere 安培

amplifier 扩大器

amp

1. amp amps
An amp is the same as an ampère .

- Use a 3 amp fuse for equipment up to 720 watts.

N-COUNT

2. amp amps
An amp is the same as an amplifier . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

3. amp amps
An amp is the same as an ampoule .
N-COUNT

ampère

ampère ampères
An ampère is a unit which is used for measuring electric current. The abbreviation amp is also used.
N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) ampere

amphetamine

[D.J.:æmˈfetəˌmi:n, -mɪn]

[K.K.:æmˈfɛtəˌmin, -mɪn]

n.

安非他明

amphetamine *

amphetamine amphetamines
Amphetamine is a drug which increases people's energy, makes them excited, and reduces their desire for food.
N-MASS
= speed

amphibian

[D.J.:æmˈfɪbi:ən]

[K.K.:æmˈfɪbiən]

n.

两栖动物

水旱两生植物

水陆两用飞行器

水陆两用车

具有双重性格的人

adj.

两栖(类)的

水陆两用的

具有双重性格的

amphibians

两栖类

amphibian

1. amphibian amphibians
Amphibians are animals such as frogs and toads that can live both on land and in water.
N-COUNT

2. amphibian amphibians
An amphibian is a vehicle which is able to move on both land and water, or an aeroplane which can land on both land and water.
N-COUNT

amphibious

[D.J.:æmˈfɪbi:əs]

[K.K.:æmˈfɪbiəs]

adj.

两栖的, 水陆两用的

两栖作战的

具有双重性的

amphibious *

1. amphibious
In an amphibious military operation, army and navy forces attack a place from the sea.

- A third brigade is at sea, ready for an amphibious assault.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. amphibious
An amphibious vehicle is able to move on both land and water.

- ...an amphibious landing craft which can carry helicopters and up to 2,000 troops.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. amphibious
Amphibious animals are animals such as frogs and toads that can live both on land and in water.
ADJ

amphitheatre

[D.J.:ˈæmfθətə]

n.

圆形露天竞技场

amphitheatre

1. amphitheatre amphitheatres
An amphitheatre is a large open area surrounded by rows of seats sloping upwards. Amphitheatres were built mainly in Greek and Roman times for the performance of plays.
N-COUNT (AM) amphitheater

2. amphitheatre amphitheatres
You can describe land which partly or completely surrounds an open area as an amphitheatre .

- ...a natural amphitheatre of mountains.

N-COUNT (AM) amphitheater

ample

[D.J.:ˈæmpl]

[K.K.:ˈæmpəl]

adj.

足够的

大量的, 丰富的

amply

[ˈæmpli]

adv.

充足地,详细地

ample **

1. ample ampler amplest
If there is an ample amount of something, there is enough of it and usually some extra.

- There'll be ample opportunity to relax, swim and soak up some sun.

- The design of the ground floor created ample space for a good-sized kitchen.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. amply

- This collection of his essays and journalism amply demonstrates his commitment to democracy.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. ample ampler amplest
If you describe someone's figure as ample , you mean that they are large in a pleasant or attractive way. (WRITTEN)

- ...a young mother with a baby resting against her ample bosom.

ADJ-GRADED

ample

adjective

plenty

abundant

bountiful

copious

expansive

extensive

full

generous

lavish

plentiful

profuse

amply

adverb

fully

abundantly

completely

copiously

generously

profusely

richly

amplifier

[D.J.:ˈæmpləˌfaɪə]

[K.K.:ˈæmpləˌfaɪɚ]

n.

扩音器, 放大器

扩大的人；详述者

amplifier *

amplifier amplifiers
An amplifier is an electronic device in a radio or stereo system which causes sounds or signals to get louder.
N-COUNT

amplification

[D.J.:ˌæmpləfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæmpləfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

扩大

发挥,详述

<物>振幅;放大率

amplify

[D.J.:ˈæmplifai]

[K.K.:ˈæmpləˌfaɪ]

vt.

放大, 扩大

增强

vt. & vi.

详述

amplifying

放大的

amplify *

1. amplify amplifies amplifying amplified
If you amplify a sound, you make it louder, usually by using electronic equipment.

- This landscape seemed to trap and amplify sounds.

- The music was amplified with microphones.

- `This is the police,' came the amplified voice from the helicopter.

VB

2. amplification

- ...a voice that needed no amplification.

N-UNCOUNT

3. amplify amplifies amplifying amplified
To amplify something means to increase its strength or intensity.

- The mist had been replaced by a kind of haze that seemed to amplify the heat.

- Her anxiety about the world was amplifying her personal fears about her future.

VB

4. amplification

- ...that amplification of the elements in his character that made him able to dominate her.

N-UNCOUNT

amplify

verb

1.

explain

develop

elaborate

enlarge

expand

flesh out

go into detail

2.

increase

enlarge

expand

extend

heighten

intensify

magnify

strengthen

widen

amplitude

[D.J.:ˈæmplɪˌtu:d, -ˌtju:d]

[K.K.:ˈæmplɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

广大,广阔

充足,丰富

振幅

射程

(智力的)幅度

amplitude

1. amplitude amplitudes
In physics, the amplitude of a sound wave or electrical signal is its strength. (TECHNICAL)

- As we fall asleep the amplitude of brain waves slowly becomes greater.

N-VAR

2. amplitude
Amplitude is the quality of being large in size or quantity. (FORMAL)

- ...a man of nineteenth-century amplitude.

N-UNCOUNT

ampoule

[D.J.:ˈæmpu:l]

[K.K.:ˈæmpul, -pjul]

n.

一次用量的针剂,安瓿

ampoule

ampoule ampoules
An ampoule is a small container, usually made of glass, that contains a drug which will be injected into someone. The abbreviation amp is also used.
N-COUNT (AM) ampule
= phial

amputate

[D.J.:ˈæmpjʊˌteɪt]

[K.K.:ˈæmpjʊˌtet]

vt.

(用外科手术)截(肢等)

切断；砍掉

删除

amputation

n.

amputation

[D.J.:ˌæmpjʊˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæmpjəˈteʃən]

n.

<医>截肢(术);切断;切除

删除

amputate *

1. amputate amputates amputating amputated
To amputate someone's arm or leg means to cut all or part of it off in an operation because it is diseased or badly damaged.

- To save his life, doctors amputated his legs.

- He had to have one leg amputated above the knee.

VB

2. amputation amputations

- He lived only hours after the amputation.

N-VAR

amputate

verb

cut off

curtail

lop

remove

separate

sever

truncate

amputee

[D.J.:ˌæmpjuˈti:]

[K.K.:ˌæmpjʊˈti]

n.

被截肢者

amputee

amputee amputees
An amputee is someone who has had all or part of an arm or a leg amputated.
N-COUNT

amulet

[D.J.:ˈæmjəlɪt]

[K.K.:ˈæmjəlɪt]

n.

护身符

amulet

amulet amulets
An amulet is a small object that you wear or carry because you think it will bring you good luck and protect you from evil or injury.
N-COUNT
= charm talisman

amuse

[D.J.:əˈmju:z]

[K.K.:əˈmjuz]

vt.

使人发笑, 逗乐

使消遣, 娱乐

amused

[D.J.:əˈmju:zd]

adj.

被逗笑的

愉快的;顽皮的

keep sb amused

逗乐；让某人开心

amusing

[D.J.:əˈmju:ziŋ]

[K.K.:əˈmjuzɪŋ]

adj.

有趣的, 好玩的, 逗人笑的

amusingly

adv.

有趣地,好笑地

amuse *

1. amuse amuses amusing amused
If something amuses you, it makes you want to laugh or smile.

- The thought seemed to amuse him.

- Their antics never fail to amuse.

VB
= delight ≠ depress

2. amuse amuses amusing amused
If you amuse yourself, you do something in order to pass the time and not become bored.

- I need distractions. I need to amuse myself so I won't keep thinking about things.

- Put a selection of baby toys in his cot to amuse him if he wakes early.

VB
= entertain

amused *

1. amused
If you are amused by something, it makes you want to laugh or smile.

- Sara was not amused by Franklin's teasing.

- We were amused to see how assiduously the animal groomed its fur.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ by/at n, ADJ to-inf

2. amused
If you keep someone amused , you find things to do which stop them getting bored.

- Having pictures to colour will keep children amused for hours.

- Archie kept us amused with his stories.

PHR: V inflects
= keep someone entertained

amusing **

1. amusing
Someone or something that is amusing makes you laugh or smile.

- He had a terrific sense of humour and could be very amusing.

- They recounted amusing stories about their first sexual experiences.

ADJ-GRADED
= entertaining

2. amusingly

- It must be amusingly written.

- Recline & Sprawl is an amusingly named furniture shop in London.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

amuse

verb

entertain

charm

cheer

delight

interest

please

tickle

amusing

adjective

funny

comical

droll

enjoyable

entertaining

humorous

interesting

witty

amusement

[D.J.:ˌəˈmju:zmənt]

[K.K.:əˈmjuzmənt]

n.

娱乐, 乐趣

娱乐活动, 文娱活动

amusement *

1. amusement
Amusement is the feeling that you have when you think that something is funny or amusing.

- He stopped and watched with amusement to see the child so absorbed.

- Steamers tooted at us as sailors on deck waved in amusement.

N-UNCOUNT

2. amusement
Amusement is the pleasure that you get from being entertained or from doing something interesting.

- I stumbled sideways before landing flat on my back, much to the amusement of the rest of the lads.

- She excelled at impersonations, which provided great amusement for him and his friends.

N-UNCOUNT
= enjoyment delight

3. amusement amusements
Amusements are ways of passing the time pleasantly.

- People had very few amusements to choose from. There was no radio, or television.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= pastime

4. amusement amusements
Amusements are games, rides, and other things that you can enjoy, for example at a fairground or at the seaside.

- ...a place full of swings and amusements.

N-PLURAL

amusement

noun

1.

entertainment

cheer

enjoyment

fun

merriment

mirth

pleasure

2.

entertainment

diversion

game

hobby

joke

pastime

recreation

sport

amusement arcade

amusement arcade amusement arcades
An amusement arcade is a place where you can play games on machines which work when you put money in them.
N-COUNT

amusement park

amusement park amusement parks
An amusement park is the same as a funfair . (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

-an

1. -an
-an is added to the names of some places in order to form adjectives or nouns that refer to people or things which come from that place.

- The Australian foreign minister.

- Any San Franciscan can tell where he is just by taking his bearing from the city's hills and bridges.

SUFFIX

2. -an
-an is added to the names of famous people to form adjectives or nouns that refer to people or things which are connected with or typical of that person's work or the time at which they lived.

- ...a great Shakespearean actor.

- ...a fascinating exhibition of fine Victorian furniture.

- ...a tradition perfected by the Elizabethans.

SUFFIX

anabolic steroid

anabolic steroid anabolic steroids
Anabolic steroids are drugs which people, especially athletes, take to make their muscles bigger and to give them more strength.

- He was stripped of his Olympic title after testing positive for anabolic steroids.

N-COUNT

anachronism

[D.J.:əˈnækrəˌnɪzəm]

[K.K.:əˈnækrəˌnɪzəm]

n.

时代错误

不合时代的事;过时的事或人

anachronistic

adj.

anachronistic

[əˌnækrəˈnistik]

adj.

时代错误的

anachronism

1. anachronism anachronisms
You say that something is an anachronism when you think that it is out of date or old-fashioned.

- In this day and age the dowry with all its attendant cruelties is an anachronism.

N-COUNT

2. anachronism anachronisms
An anachronism is something in a book, play, or film that is wrong because it did not exist at the time the book, play, or film is set.

- We had to stick to the period; any anachronisms, particularly in the dance, would be wrong.

N-COUNT

anachronistic

anachronistic
You say that something is anachronistic when you think that it is out of date or old-fashioned.

- My children regard handwriting as some lost, anachronistic art.

ADJ-GRADED

anaemia

[D.J.:əˈni:mi:ə]

[K.K.:əˈnimiə]

n.

贫血症

无活力,无生气

anaemia *

anaemia
Anaemia is a medical condition in which there are too few red cells in your blood, causing you to feel tired and look pale.

- She suffered from anaemia and even required blood transfusions.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl (AM) anemia

anaemic

[D.J.:əˈni:mɪk]

[K.K.:əˈnimɪk]

adj.

贫血的,患贫血症的

没有活力的；无精打采的

anaemically

adv.

anaemic

1. anaemic
Someone who is anaemic suffers from anaemia.

- Losing a lot of blood makes you tired and anaemic.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ (AM) anemic

2. anaemic
If you describe something as anaemic , you mean that it is not as strong or effective as you think it should be.

- We will see some economic recovery, but it will be very anaemic.

- They insist on tastier chocolate than the anaemic British stuff.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) anemic
= weak ≠ strong

anaemic

adjective

pale

ashen

colourless

feeble

pallid

sickly

wan

weak

anaerobic

[D.J.:æneəˈrəʊbɪk]

[K.K.:ænˌeəˈrobɪk]

adj.

厌氧菌的；厌氧菌产生的

(细菌等)能在无空气(或无氧)情况下生活(或成长)的

anaerobic

1. anaerobic
Anaerobic creatures or processes do not need oxygen in order to function or survive.

- Anaerobic respiration occurs only in particularly active tissues such as muscles during severe exercise.

ADJ

2. anaerobic
Anaerobic exercise is exercise such as weight training that improves your strength but does not raise your heart rate.

- ...an anaerobic workout.

ADJ

anaesthesia

[D.J.:ˌænɪsˈθi:ʒə]

[K.K.:ˌænɪsˈθiʒə]

n.

感觉缺失,麻木

麻醉

anaesthesia

anaesthesia
Anaesthesia is the use of anaesthetics in medicine and surgery.

- The operation can be done under local anaesthesia.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) anesthesia

anaesthetic

[D.J.:ˌænɪsˈθetɪk]

[K.K.:ˌænɪsˈθɛtɪk]

n.

(使局部或全身失去知觉的)麻醉剂

adj.

感觉缺失的

麻木的；麻醉的

anaesthetics

[ˌænisˈθetiks]

n.

麻醉学

anaesthetic *

anaesthetic anaesthetics
Anaesthetic is a substance that doctors use to stop you feeling pain during an operation, either in the whole of your body when you are unconscious, or in a part of your body when you are awake.

- The operation is carried out under a general anaesthetic.

N-MASS: oft under N (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) anesthetic

anaesthetic

noun

1.

painkiller

analgesic

anodyne

narcotic

opiate

sedative

soporific

adjective

2.

pain-killing

analgesic

anodyne

deadening

dulling

numbing

sedative

soporific

anaesthetist

[D.J.:əˈnesθɪtɪst]

[K.K.:əˈnɛsθɪtɪst]

n.

麻醉师

anaesthetist

anaesthetist anaesthetists
An anaesthetist is a doctor who specializes in giving anaesthetics to patients. (BRIT; in AM use anesthesiologist )
N-COUNT

anaesthetize

[D.J.:ˈənesθɪˌtaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈənɛsθɪˌtaɪz]

vt.

使麻醉；使麻木

anaesthetize

1. anaesthetize anaesthetizes anaesthetizing anaesthetized
When a doctor or other trained person anaesthetizes a patient, they make the patient unconscious or unable to feel pain by giving them an anaesthetic.
VB The spellings anesthetize in American English, and anaesthetise in British English are also used.

2. anaesthetize anaesthetizes anaesthetizing anaesthetized
If something such as a drug anaesthetizes part or all of your body, it makes you unable to feel anything in that part of your body.

- Alcohol is a potent drug that anaesthetizes the brain.

VB The spellings anesthetize in American English, and anaesthetise in British English are also used.
= numb

anagram

[D.J.:ˈænəɡræm]

[K.K.:ˈænəˌɡræm]

n.

由颠倒字母顺序而构成的字[短语]

anagram

anagram anagrams
An anagram is a word or phrase formed by changing the order of the letters in another word or phrase. For example, `triangle' is an anagram of `integral'.
N-COUNT

anal

[D.J.:ˈeinəl]

[K.K.:ˈenəl]

adj.

肛门的,近肛门的

anal *

anal
Anal means relating to the anus of a person or animal.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

analgesic

[D.J.:ˌænəlˈdʒi:zɪk, -sɪk]

[K.K.:ˌænəlˈdʒizɪk, -sɪk]

n.

止痛剂,镇痛剂

adj.

止痛的；痛觉缺失的

analgesic

1. analgesic
An analgesic drug reduces the effect of pain. (FORMAL)

- Aloe may have an analgesic effect on inflammation and minor skin irritations.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= painkilling

2. analgesic analgesics
An analgesic is an analgesic drug.

- The hospital advised an analgesic for chest and shoulder pains.

N-COUNT
= painkiller

analogous

[D.J.:əˈnæləgəs]

[K.K.:əˈnæləɡəs]

adj.

相似的,可比拟的

<生>同功的

analogous

analogous
If one thing is analogous to another, the two things are similar in some way. (FORMAL)

- Marine construction technology like this is very complex, somewhat analogous to trying to build a bridge under water.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ to n
= equivalent

analogue

[D.J.:ˈænəˌlɔ:g, -ˌlɔg]

[K.K.:ˈænəˌlɔɡ, -ˌlɑɡ]

n.

相似物,类似物

<化>类似物

<语>同源词

adj.

(电子手表等)模拟指针式的

模拟计算机的

相似物的;类似的

analogue *

1. analogue analogues
If one thing is an analogue of another, it is similar in some way. (FORMAL)

- No model can ever be a perfect analogue of nature itself.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. analogue
An analogue watch or clock shows what it is measuring with a pointer on a dial rather than with a number display. Compare digital .
ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. analogue
Analogue technology involves measuring, storing, or recording an infinitely variable amount of information by using physical quantities such as voltage. Compare digital .

- The analogue signals from the video tape are converted into digital code.

ADJ: usu ADJ n The spelling analog is used in American English, and also in British English for meaning 3.

analogy

[D.J.:əˈnælədʒi]

[K.K.:əˈnælədʒi]

n.

类似, 相似

类推, 类推法

analogy *

analogy analogies
If you make or draw an analogy between two things, you show that they are similar in some way.

- The analogy between music and fragrance has stuck.

N-COUNT: oft N between/with n

analogy

noun

similarity

comparison

correlation

correspondence

likeness

parallel

relation

resemblance

analyse

[D.J.:ˈænəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈænəˌlaɪz]

vt.

分析, 分解, 解释

analysis

[D.J.:əˈnæləsis]

[K.K.:əˈnælɪsɪs]

n.

分析

分析报告

analyse **

1. analyse analyses analysing analysed
If you analyse something, you consider it carefully or use statistical methods in order to fully understand it.

- McCarthy was asked to analyse the data from the first phase of trials of the vaccine.

- This book teaches you how to analyse what is causing the stress in your life.

VB (AM) analyze

2. analyse analyses analysing analysed
If you analyse something, you examine it using scientific methods in order to find out what it consists of.

- We haven't had time to analyse those samples yet.

- They had their tablets analysed to find out whether they were getting the real drug or not.

VB (AM) analyze

analysis ***

1. analysis analyses
Analysis is the process of considering something carefully or using statistical methods in order to understand it or explain it.

- Her criteria defy analysis.

- We did an analysis of the way that government money has been spent in the past.

N-VAR

2. analysis analyses
Analysis is the scientific process of examining something in order to find out what it consists of.

- They collect blood samples for analysis at a national laboratory.

- Jacobsen based his conclusion on an analysis of the decay of samarium-147 into neodymium-143.

N-VAR

3. analysis analyses
An analysis is an explanation or description that results from considering something carefully.

- The census provides a considerable amount of detail in its analysis of internal movement in France.

N-COUNT

4. analysis
You use the expression in the final analysis or in the last analysis to indicate that the statement you are making is the most important or basic aspect of an issue.

- I'm on the right track and I think in the final analysis people will understand that.

- Violence in the last analysis produces more violence.

PHR: PHR with cl
= in the end

analyse

verb

1.

examine

evaluate

investigate

research

test

work over

2.

break down

dissect

divide

resolve

separate

think through

analysis

noun

examination

breakdown

dissection

inquiry

investigation

scrutiny

sifting

test

analyser

[ˈænəlaizə]

n.

分析者

analyser

1. analyser analysers
An analyser is a piece of equipment which is used to analyse the substances that are present in something such as a gas.

- ...an oxygen analyser.

N-COUNT: usu n N (AM) analyzer

2. analyser analysers
An analyser is someone who analyses information.
N-COUNT (AM) analyzer
= analyst

analyst

[D.J.:ˈænəlist]

[K.K.:ˈænəlɪst]

n.

分析家, 化验员

analyst ****

1. analyst analysts
An analyst is a person whose job is to analyse a subject and give opinions about it.

- ...a political analyst.

N-COUNT

2. analyst analysts
An analyst is someone, usually a doctor, who examines and treats people who are emotionally disturbed.
N-COUNT
= psychoanalyst

analytic

[D.J.:ˌænəˈlɪtɪk]

[K.K.:ˌænəˈlɪtɪk]

adj.

解析的,分析的;分解的;善于分析的

<语>分析型的

analytic

analytic
Analytic means the same as analytical . (mainly AM)
ADJ-GRADED

analytic analytical

adjective

rational

inquiring

inquisitive

investigative

logical

organized

problem-solving

systematic

analytical

[ˌænəˈlitikəl]

adj.

分析的, 分析法的

analytically

[ˌænəˈlitikəli]

adv.

分析地，分析法地

analytical *

1. analytical
An analytical way of doing something involves the use of logical reasoning.

- I have an analytical approach to every survey.

ADJ-GRADED

2. analytically

- A teacher can encourage children to think analytically.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. analytical
Analytical research involves using chemical analysis.

- All raw materials are subjected to our latest analytical techniques.

ADJ: ADJ n

anarchic

[D.J.:ænˈɑ:kɪk]

[K.K.:ænˈɑrkɪk]

adj.

无政府状态的, 无秩序的, 混乱的

anarchic *

anarchic
If you describe someone or something as anarchic , you disapprove of them because they do not recognize or obey any rules or laws.

- ...anarchic attitudes and complete disrespect for authority.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

anarchic

adjective

lawless

chaotic

disorganized

rebellious

riotous

ungoverned

anarchism

[D.J.:ˈænəˌkɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈænɚˌkɪzəm]

n.

无政府主义

无法无天;反政府的恐怖活动

anarchism

anarchism
Anarchism is the belief that the laws and power of governments should be replaced by people working together freely.

- He advocated anarchism as the answer to social problems.

N-UNCOUNT

anarchist

[D.J.:ˈænəkist]

[K.K.:ˈænəkɪst]

n.

无政府主义者

anarchist *

1. anarchist anarchists
An anarchist is a person who believes in anarchism.

- West Berlin always had a large anarchist community.

- ...a well-known anarchist poet.

N-COUNT: oft N n

2. anarchist
If someone has anarchist beliefs or views, they believe in anarchism.

- He was apparently quite converted from his anarchist views.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. anarchist anarchists
If you say that someone is an anarchist , you disapprove of them because they seem to pay no attention to the rules or laws that everyone else obeys.

- He was a social anarchist.

N-COUNT disapproval

anarchist

noun

revolutionary

insurgent

nihilist

rebel

terrorist

anarchistic

adj.

无政府主义的

anarchistic

1. anarchistic
An anarchistic person believes in anarchism. Anarchistic activity or literature promotes anarchism.

- Their political beliefs led them to anarchistic revolt.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. anarchistic
If you describe someone as anarchistic , you disapprove of them because they pay no attention to the rules or laws that everyone else obeys.

- The Hell's Angels were once the most notorious and anarchistic of motorbike gangs.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

anarcho-

anarcho-
Anarcho- combines with nouns and adjectives to form words indicating that something is both anarchistic and the other thing that is mentioned.

- In France there was a long tradition of anarcho-syndicalism.

COMB in ADJ and N

anarchy

[D.J.:ˈænəki:]

[K.K.:ˈænəki]

n.

混乱,(尤指)政治混乱

anarchy *

anarchy
If you describe a situation as anarchy , you mean that nobody seems to be paying any attention to rules or laws.

- The school's liberal, individualistic traditions were in danger of slipping into anarchy.

- In June, 1960, the Congo was plunged into five years of civil war and political anarchy.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= chaos

anarchy

noun

lawlessness

chaos

confusion

disorder

disorganization

revolution

riot

anathema

[D.J.:əˈnæθəmə]

[K.K.:əˈnæθəmə]

n.

<宗>(天主教的)革出教门;诅咒

令人极其讨厌的事

被基督教诅咒的人或事

anathema *

anathema
If something is anathema to you, you strongly dislike it.

- Violence was anathema to them.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N to n

anatomical

[D.J.:ˌænəˈtɔmikəl]

[K.K.:ˌænəˈtɑmɪkəl]

adj.

结构(上)的; 解剖的

anatomically

adv.

在解剖学上

anatomical

1. anatomical
Anatomical means relating to the structure of the bodies of people and animals.

- ...minute anatomical differences between insects.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. anatomically

- I need my pictures to be anatomically correct.

ADV

anatomist

[D.J.:əˈnætəmist]

[K.K.:əˈnætəmɪst]

n.

解剖学家,剖析者

anatomist

anatomist anatomists
An anatomist is an expert in anatomy.
N-COUNT

anatomize

[D.J.:əˈnætəmaiz]

[K.K.:əˈnætəˌmaɪz]

v.

解剖,仔细分析

anatomize

anatomize anatomizes anatomizing anatomized
If you anatomise a subject or an issue, you examine it in great detail. (FORMAL)

- The Public Interest is a magazine devoted to anatomizing the inadequacies of liberalism.

VB (BRIT) also anatomise

anatomy

[D.J.:əˈnætəmi:]

[K.K.:əˈnætəmi]

n.

解剖, 解剖学

(生物体的)解剖结构

(详细的)分析

人体；骨骼；干尸

anatomy *

1. anatomy
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the bodies of people or animals.
N-UNCOUNT

2. anatomy anatomies
You can refer to your body as your anatomy . (HUMOROUS)

- The ball hit him in the most sensitive part of his anatomy.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

3. anatomy anatomies
An animal's anatomy is the structure of its body.

- He had worked extensively on the anatomy of living animals.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

4. anatomy
The anatomy of a subject or an idea is an examination or investigation of it.

- This was a troubling essay on the anatomy of nationhood.

N-SING: usu the N of n

anatomy

noun

1.

examination

analysis

dissection

division

inquiry

investigation

study

2.

structure

build

composition

frame

framework

make-up

ancestor

[D.J.:ˈænsistə]

[K.K.:ˈænˌsɛstɚ]

n.

祖先, 祖宗

原型, 先驱

ancestor **

1. ancestor ancestors
Your ancestors are the people from whom you are descended.

- ...our daily lives, so different from those of our ancestors...

- He could trace his ancestors back seven hundred years.

N-COUNT: usu pl, with poss
≠ descendant

2. ancestor ancestors
An ancestor of something modern is an earlier thing from which it developed.

- The direct ancestor of the modern cat was the Kaffir cat of ancient Egypt.

- The immediate ancestor of rock `n' roll is rhythm-and-blues.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
≠ descendant

ancestor

noun

forefather

forebear

forerunner

precursor

predecessor

ancestral

[D.J.:ænˈsestrəl]

[K.K.:ænˈsɛstrəl]

adj.

祖先的,祖宗传下来的

ancestral *

ancestral
You use ancestral to refer to a person's family in former times, especially when the family is important and has property or land which they have had for a long time.

- ...the family's ancestral home in southern Germany.

- ...the ancestral portraits in the hallway.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

ancestry

[D.J.:ˈænsistri]

[K.K.:ˈænˌsɛstri]

n.

祖先, 世系

ancestry *

ancestry ancestries
Your ancestry is the fact that you are descended from certain people.

- ...a family who could trace their ancestry back to the sixteenth century.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

anchor

[D.J.:ˈæŋkə]

[K.K.:ˈæŋkɚ]

n.

锚

给人安全感的物(或人)

vt.

抛锚

担任(电视节目等的)主持人

vt. & vi.

(把…)系住, (使)固定

anchoring

锚泊

anchor **

1. anchor anchors
An anchor is a heavy hooked object that is dropped from a boat into the water at the end of a chain in order to make the boat stay in one place.
N-COUNT

2. anchor anchors anchoring anchored
When a boat anchors or when you anchor it, its anchor is dropped into the water in order to make it stay in one place.

- We could anchor off the pier.

- They anchored the boat.

V-ERG

3. anchor anchors anchoring anchored
If you anchor an object somewhere, you fix it to something to prevent it moving from that place.

- The roots anchor the plant in the earth.

- The child seat belt was not properly anchored to the car.

VB
= fix

4. anchor anchors
If one thing is the anchor for something else, it makes that thing stable and secure.

- He provided an emotional anchor for her.

- He remains the anchor of the country's fragile political balance.

N-COUNT: oft N of/for n

5. anchor anchors anchoring anchored
If something is anchored in something or to something, it has strong links with it.

- A united Germany must be firmly anchored in NATO if Europe is to remain stable.

- His basic outlook remains anchored in the liberal tradition.

VB: usu passive
= rooted in

6. anchor anchors anchoring anchored
The person who anchors a television or radio programme, especially a news programme, is the person who presents it and acts as a link between interviews and reports which come from other places or studios. (mainly AM)

- Viewers saw him anchoring a five-minute summary of regional news.

- ...a series of cassettes on the Vietnam War, anchored by Mr. Cronkite.

VB

7. anchor anchors
The anchor on a television or radio programme, especially a news programme, is the person who presents it. (mainly AM)

- He worked in the news division of ABC -- he was the anchor of its 15-minute evening newscast.

N-COUNT
= anchorman anchorwoman

8. anchor
If a boat is at anchor , it is floating in a particular place and is prevented from moving by its anchor.

- Sailing boats lay at anchor in the narrow waterway.

PHR

9. anchor
When the people on a boat drop anchor or cast anchor , they drop the boat's anchor into the water in order to prevent the boat from moving.

- We dropped anchor in a sheltered spot.

PHR: V inflects

10. anchor
When the people on a boat weigh anchor or up anchor , they pull the anchor of the boat out of the water so that they can sail away.
PHR: V inflects

anchorage

[D.J.:ˈæŋkərɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈæŋkərɪdʒ]

n.

停泊处, 抛锚处

抛锚；停泊

停泊税

固定物;寄托

anchorage *

anchorage anchorages
An anchorage is a place where a boat can anchor safely.

- The nearest safe anchorage was in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

- The vessel yesterday reached anchorage off Dubai.

N-VAR

anchorman

[D.J.:ˈæŋkəmən]

[K.K.:ˈæŋkɚˌmæn]

n.

(电视或广播电台新闻节目的)男主持人

anchorman

anchorman anchormen
The anchorman on a television or radio programme, especially a news programme, is the person who presents it.
N-COUNT also anchor man

anchorwoman

[D.J.:ˈæŋkəˌwumən]

[K.K.:ˈæŋkɚˌwʊmən]

n.

女新闻节目主持人

anchorwoman

anchorwoman anchorwomen
The anchorwoman on a television or radio programme, especially a news programme, is the woman who presents it.
N-COUNT

anchovy

[D.J.:ˈæntʃəvi]

[K.K.:ˈænˌtʃovi, ænˈtʃovi]

n.

凤尾鱼

anchovy *

anchovy anchovies
Anchovies are very small fish with a strong salty taste.

- ...a tin of anchovies.

- ...anchovy fillets.

N-VAR: oft N n

ancien regime

1. ancien regime
The ancien regime was the political and social system in France before the revolution of 1789.
N-SING: usu the N

2. ancien regime
If a country has had the same political system for a long time and you disapprove of it, you can refer to it as the ancien regime .
N-SING: usu the N disapproval

ancient

[D.J.:ˈeinʃənt]

[K.K.:ˈenʃənt]

adj.

古代的, 古老的

年老的, 老式的

anciently

[ˈeinʃəntli]

adv.

在古代; 很久以前

ancient ***

1. ancient
Ancient means belonging to the distant past, especially to the period in history before the end of the Roman Empire.

- They believed ancient Greece and Rome were vital sources of learning.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

2. anciently

- Salisbury Plain was known anciently as Ellendune.

ADV

3. ancient
Ancient means very old, or having existed for a long time.

- ...ancient Jewish tradition.

- ...ancient fishing rights.

- ...a few acres of ancient woodland.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. ancient ancients
The ancients are the people of an old civilization, especially classical Greece or Rome.

- The ancients knew more than we do about the heavens.

N-PLURAL: the N

ancient

adjective

old

aged

antique

archaic

old-fashioned

primeval

primordial

timeworn

ancient history

1. ancient history
Ancient history is the history of ancient civilizations, especially Greece and Rome.
N-UNCOUNT

2. ancient history
If you describe something as ancient history , you mean that it happened in the past and is no longer relevant to the present.

- It does not bother me now at all. It is all ancient history.

N-UNCOUNT

ancillary

[D.J.:ˈænsəˌleri:]

[K.K.:ˈænsəˌlɛri]

adj.

辅助的, 附属的

n.

助手；随从

ancillary

1. ancillary
The ancillary workers in an institution are the people such as cleaners and cooks whose work supports the main work of the institution.

- ...ancillary staff...

- Ancillary services like cleaning are put up for competitive tender.

ADJ: ADJ n
= auxiliary

2. ancillary
Also a noun.

- ...ancillaries who look after the children in the playground...

N-COUNT

3. ancillary
Ancillary means additional to something else. (FORMAL)

- Ancillary charges are at least $30 per day.

- Scientific development meant the growth of numerous professions ancillary to medicine.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= supplementary subsidiary

4. ancillary
Also a noun.

- Ancillaries can force the bill up rather alarmingly.

N-COUNT

ancillary

adjective

supplementary

additional

auxiliary

extra

secondary

subordinate

subsidiary

supporting

and

[D.J.:ænd, ənd, ən]

[K.K.:ənd, ən,ænd]

conj.

和, 与, 及

那么, 则

然后, 接着

而且, 还, 又

and *****

1. and
You use and to link two or more words, groups, or clauses.

- When he returned, she and Simon had already gone.

- Between 1914 and 1920 large parts of Albania were occupied by the Italians.

- I'm going to write good jokes and become a good comedian.

- I'm 53 and I'm very happy.

CONJ-COORD

2. and
You use and to link two words or phrases that are the same in order to emphasize the degree of something, or to suggest that something continues or increases over a period of time.

- Learning becomes more and more difficult as we get older.

- Day by day I am getting better and better.

- We talked for hours and hours.

- He lay down on the floor and cried and cried.

CONJ-COORD emphasis

3. and
You use and to link two statements about events when one of the events follows the other.

- I waved goodbye and went down the stone harbour steps.

- He asked for ice for his whiskey and proceeded to get drunk.

CONJ-COORD
= then

4. and
You use and to link two statements when the second statement continues the point that has been made in the first statement.

- You could only really tell the effects of the disease in the long term, and five years wasn't long enough.

- The cure for bad teaching is good teachers, and good teachers cost money.

CONJ-COORD

5. and
You use and to link two clauses when the second clause is a result of the first clause.

- All through yesterday crowds have been arriving and by midnight thousands of people packed the square.

CONJ-COORD

6. and
You use and to interrupt yourself in order to make a comment on what you are saying.

- As Downing claims, and as we noted above, reading is best established when the child has an intimate knowledge of the language.

- Finally -- and I really ought to stop in a minute -- I wish to make the following recommendations.

CONJ-COORD

7. and
You use and at the beginning of a sentence to introduce something else that you want to add to what you have just said. Some people think that starting a sentence with and is ungrammatical, but it is now quite common in both spoken and written English.

- Commuter airlines fly to out-of-the-way places. And business travelers are the ones who go to those locations.

CONJ-COORD

8. and
You use and to introduce a question which follows logically from what someone has just said.

- `He used to be so handsome.' --- `And now?'.

- `Well, of course, they haven't won a football game.' --- `And what would you expect?'.

CONJ-COORD

9. and
And is used by broadcasters and people making announcements to change a topic or to start talking about a topic they have just mentioned.

- And now the drought in Sudan.

- Football, and Aston Villa will reclaim their lead at the top of the English First Division.

CONJ-COORD

10. and
You use and to indicate that two numbers are to be added together.

- What does two and two make?

CONJ-COORD
= plus

11. and
And is used before a fraction that comes after a whole number.

- McCain spent five and a half years in a prisoner of war camp in Vietnam.

- ...fourteen and a quarter per cent.

CONJ-COORD

12. and
You use and in numbers larger than one hundred, after the words `hundred' or `thousand' and before other numbers.

- We printed two hundred and fifty invitations.

- ...three thousand and twenty-six pounds.

CONJ-COORD

and

conjunction

also

along with

as well as

furthermore

in addition to

including

moreover

plus

together with

andante

[D.J.:ænˈdænti]

[K.K.:ɑnˈdɑnte, ænˈdænti]

n.

行板,缓慢的曲子

adj.,adv.

缓慢的[地]

andante

1. andante
Andante written above a piece of music means that it should be played fairly slowly.
ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

2. andante andantes
An andante is a piece of music that is played fairly slowly.

- ...the lovely central Andante.

- ...the violas' Andante theme.

N-COUNT: usu sing

androgynous

[D.J.:ænˈdrɔdʒinəs]

[K.K.:ænˈdrɑdʒənəs]

adj.

阴阳人的, 雌雄同体的

androgynous

1. androgynous
In biology, an androgynous person, animal, or plant has both male and female sexual characteristics. (TECHNICAL)
ADJ: usu ADJ n
= hermaphrodite

2. androgynous
If you describe someone as androgynous , you mean that they are not distinctly masculine or feminine in appearance or in behaviour.

- Belinda was always attracted to men with an androgynous quality to them.

- The style was quite androgynous.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

androgyny

[ænˈdrɔdʒini]

n.

雌雄同体

雌雄同体性

androgyny

androgyny
Androgyny is the state of being neither distinctly masculine nor distinctly feminine.
N-UNCOUNT

android

[D.J.:ˈændrɔid]

[K.K.:ˈænˌdrɔɪd]

n.

机器人

android

android androids
In science fiction books and films, an android is a robot that looks like a human being.
N-COUNT

anecdotal

[D.J.:ˌænɪkˈdəʊtl]

[K.K.:ˌænɪkˈdotl..]

adj.

轶事的,趣闻的

多轶事的;含轶事的

anecdotal *

1. anecdotal
Anecdotal evidence is based on individual accounts, rather than on reliable research or statistics, and so may not be valid.

- Anecdotal evidence suggests that sales in Europe have slipped.

- ...countless anecdotal reports.

ADJ-GRADED

2. anecdotal
Anecdotal speech or writing is full of anecdotes or is based on anecdotes.

- Gray's book is anecdotal and entertaining.

ADJ-GRADED

anecdote

[D.J.:ˈænikdəut]

[K.K.:ˈænɪkˌdot]

n.

掌故, 趣闻, 轶事

anecdote *

1. anecdote anecdotes
An anecdote is a short, amusing account of something that has happened.

- Pete was telling them an anecdote about their mother.

- He has a talent for recollection and anecdote.

N-VAR: oft N about n

2. anecdote anecdotes
Anecdotes are individual accounts of something that are not reliable evidence.

- The image of the fox as a pest is grossly exaggerated in anecdote and folklore.

N-VAR

anecdote

noun

story

reminiscence

short story

sketch

tale

urban legend

yarn

anemone

[D.J.:əˈneməni]

[K.K.:əˈnɛməni]

n.

银莲花

anemone

anemone anemones
An anemone is a garden plant with red, purple, or white flowers.
N-COUNT

anesthesiologist

[D.J.:ˌænisˌθiziˈɔlədʒist]

[K.K.:ˌænɪsˌθiziˈolədʒɪst]

n.

麻醉学者

anesthesiologist

anesthesiologist anesthesiologists
An anesthesiologist is a doctor who specializes in giving anaesthetics to patients. (AM; in BRIT use anaesthetist )
N-COUNT

anesthetist

[D.J.:əˈnesθɪtɪst]

[K.K.:əˈnɛsθɪtɪst]

n.

麻醉师

anesthetist

anesthetist anesthetists
An anesthetist is a nurse or other person who gives an anaesthetic to a patient. (AM)
N-COUNT

anew

[D.J.:əˈnu:, əˈnju:]

[K.K.:əˈnu, əˈnju]

adv.

再, 重新

anew *

anew
If you do something anew , you do it again, often in a different way from before. (WRITTEN)

- She's ready to start anew.

- He began his work anew.

ADV: ADV after v
= afresh

angel

[D.J.:ˈeindʒəl]

[K.K.:ˈendʒəl]

n.

天使

可爱的人; 品行高洁的人

angel **

1. angel angels
Angels are spiritual beings that some people believe are God's servants in heaven.
N-COUNT

2. angel angels
You can call someone you like very much an angel in order to show affection, especially when they have been kind to you or done you a favour.

- Thank you a thousand times, you're an angel.

N-COUNT feelings

3. angel angels
If you describe someone as an angel , you mean that they seem to be very kind and good.

- Poppa thought her an angel.

- He was such an angel to put up with it.

N-COUNT approval

4. angel
If you say that someone is on the side of the angels , you believe very strongly that what they are doing is right.

- Billy is on the side of the angels when it comes to racial tolerance.

PHR: usu v-link PHR approval

5. angel
If you say that someone rushes in where angels fear to tread , you are criticizing them gently because they get themselves into dangerous or difficult situations without thinking carefully enough about what they are doing.

- Martin is inclined to rush in where angels fear to tread.

PHR: rush inflects disapproval

angel

noun

1.

divine messenger

archangel

cherub

seraph

2.

dear

beauty

darling

gem

jewel

paragon

saint

treasure

angelic

[D.J.:ænˈdʒelɪk]

[K.K.: ænˈdʒɛlɪk]

adj.

天使的;天国的

(美丽、善良、纯洁等)似天使的

angelic

1. angelic
You can describe someone as angelic if they are, or seem to be, very good, kind, and gentle.

- ...an angelic face...

- He looked angelic.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval
= saintly

2. angelic
Angelic means like angels or relating to angels.

- ...angelic choirs.

ADJ: ADJ n

angelic

adjective Informal

1.

pure

adorable

beautiful

entrancing

lovely

saintly

virtuous

2.

heavenly

celestial

cherubic

ethereal

seraphic

angelica

[D.J.:ænˈdʒelikə]

[K.K.:ænˈdʒɛlɪkə]

n.

当归

angelica

angelica
Angelica is the candied stems of the angelica plant which can be used in making cakes or sweets.
N-UNCOUNT

anger

[D.J.:ˈæŋɡə]

[K.K.:ˈæŋɡɚ]

n.

怒气, 怒火

vt. & vi.

(使)发怒; 激怒

anger ***

1. anger
Anger is the strong emotion that you feel when you think that someone has behaved in an unfair, cruel, or unacceptable way.

- He cried with anger and frustration.

- Ellen felt both despair and anger at her mother.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N at n/-ing
= rage

2. anger angers angering angered
If something angers you, it makes you feel angry.

- The decision to allow more offshore oil drilling angered some Californians.

VB
= enrage

anger

noun

1.

rage

annoyance

displeasure

exasperation

fury

ire

outrage

resentment

temper

wrath

verb

2.

madden

annoy

displease

enrage

exasperate

gall

incense

infuriate

outrage

rile

vex

angina

[D.J.:ænˈdʒainə]

[K.K.:ænˈdʒaɪnə, ˈændʒə-]

n.

咽峡炎;绞痛

angina *

angina
Angina is severe pain in the chest and left arm, caused by heart disease.
N-UNCOUNT

angle

[D.J.:ˈæŋɡl]

[K.K.:ˈæŋɡəl]

n.

角, 角度

观点

vt.

把…放置成一角度

使(新闻、报道等)带有倾向性

vi.

垂钓, 钓鱼

angled

[ˈæŋɡld]

adj.

成一定角度放置的

以迎合某种观点而提出的

有角度的

angling

[D.J.:ˈæŋɡliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈæŋɡlɪŋ]

n.

钓鱼,钓鱼术

angle ***

1. angle angles
An angle is the difference in direction between two lines or surfaces. Angles are measured in degrees.

- The boat is now leaning at a 30 degree angle.

N-COUNT
See also right angle .

2. angle angles
An angle is the shape that is created where two lines or surfaces join together.

- ...the angle of the blade.

- ...brackets to adjust the steering wheel's angle.

N-COUNT: usu the N of n

3. angle angles
An angle is the direction from which you look at something.

- Thanks to the angle at which he stood, he could just see the sunset.

- His face will be discreetly concealed by camera angles.

N-COUNT

4. angle angles
You can refer to a way of presenting something or thinking about it as a particular angle .

- We had to do the scene over and over again, from different angles.

- He was considering the idea from all angles.

N-COUNT: supp N

5. angle angles angling angled
If someone is angling for something, they are trying to get it without asking for it directly.

- It sounds as if he's just angling for sympathy.

VB: usu cont

6. angle angles angling angled
If you angle something or if it angles in a particular direction, it faces or points in that direction.

- You can open the slats for a bright light or angle them for more shade.

- The path angled downhill and northwards.

- He drove down the long, steeply angled driveway.

V-ERG

7. angle
If something is at an angle , it is leaning in a particular direction so that it is not straight, horizontal, or vertical.

- An iron bar stuck out at an angle.

- The wall's at a slight angle.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

angling *

angling
Angling is the activity or sport of fishing with a fishing rod.
N-UNCOUNT

angle

noun

1.

intersection

bend

corner

crook

edge

elbow

nook

point

2.

point of view

approach

aspect

outlook

perspective

position

side

slant

standpoint

viewpoint

angle

verb

fish

cast

angler

[D.J.:ˈæŋɡlə]

[K.K.:ˈæŋɡlɚ]

n.

垂钓者

angler **

angler anglers
An angler is someone who fishes with a fishing rod as a hobby.
N-COUNT

Anglican

[D.J.:ˈæŋglɪkən]

[K.K.:ˈæŋɡlɪkən]

adj.

英国国教会的,英国圣公会的

<美>英国的；英国人的；英国文化的

n.

圣公会的信徒

Anglicanism

n.

Anglicanism

[D.J.:ˈæŋɡlikənizəm]

[K.K.:ˈæŋɡlɪkəˌnɪzəm]

n.

英国国教,英国国教教义

Anglican

1. Anglican
Anglican means belonging or relating to the Church of England, or to the churches related to it.

- ...the Anglican Church.

- ...an Anglican priest.

- ...the Anglican community.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Anglican Anglicans
An Anglican is a Christian who is a member of the Church of England, or of one of the churches related to it.

- Both my parents were devout Anglicans.

N-COUNT

Anglicanism

Anglicanism
Anglicanism is the beliefs and practices of the Church of England, and of the churches related to it.
N-UNCOUNT

anglicize

[D.J.:ˈæŋglɪˌsaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈæŋɡlɪˌsaɪz]

vt.

(在风格等方面)使英国化

使程序语言英语化

anglicize

1. anglicize anglicizes anglicizing anglicized
If you anglicize something, you change it so that it resembles or becomes part of the English language or English culture.

- He had anglicized his surname.

- When Dutch colonial rule ended in the 19th century the civil service was anglicised.

VB (BRIT) also anglicise

2. anglicized

- While `Llywelyn' is the purest Welsh form of the name, I chose a slightly Anglicized version.

ADJ-GRADED

Anglo-

[D.J.:ˈæŋgləʊ]

[K.K.:ˈæŋɡlo]

comb.&form.

英格兰的,英国的,英格兰及…的,英国及…的

Anglo-

1. Anglo-
Anglo- combines with adjectives indicating nationality to form adjectives which describe something connected with relations between Britain and another country.

- ...the future of Anglo-American relations.

- ...the Anglo-Irish Agreement.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

2. Anglo-
Anglo- combines with adjectives indicating nationality to form adjectives which describe a person who has one British parent and one non-British parent.

- Born of Anglo-American parentage, Clarke was raised and educated in both countries.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

Anglo-Asian

1. Anglo-Asian
An Anglo-Asian person is someone of Indian, Pakistani, or Bangladeshi origin who has grown up in Britain.

- ...the Anglo-Asian community.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= British Asian

2. Anglo-Asian Anglo-Asians
An Anglo-Asian is someone who is Anglo-Asian.
N-COUNT
= British Asian

Anglo-Catholic

[D.J.:ˈæŋɡləuˈkæθəlik]

[K.K.:ˈæŋɡloˈkæθlɪk, -ˈkæθəlɪk]

n.

英国国教高派教会之教徒

Anglo-Catholic

1. Anglo-Catholic
The Anglo-Catholic part of the Church of England, or of the churches related to it, is the part whose beliefs and practices are similar to those of the Catholic Church.

- ...Anglo-Catholic opponents of women priests.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. Anglo-Catholic Anglo-Catholics
An Anglo-Catholic is a Christian who belongs to the Anglo-Catholic section of the Church of England, or to the churches related to it.
N-COUNT

Anglo-Indian

[D.J.:ˈæŋgləʊˈɪndi:ən]

[K.K.:ˈæŋɡloˈɪndiən]

n.

英印混血儿;英裔印度人;印式英语

Anglo-Indian

1. Anglo-Indian
An Anglo-Indian person is someone whose family is partly British and partly Indian.

- ...Anglo-Indian writer Amitav Ghosh.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Anglo-Indian Anglo-Indians
An Anglo-Indian is someone who is Anglo-Indian.
N-COUNT

Anglophile

[D.J.:ˈæŋɡləufail]

[K.K.:ˈæŋɡləˌfaɪl]

n.

亲英派的人

Anglophile

1. Anglophile
If you describe a non-British person as Anglophile , you mean that they admire Britain and British culture.

- ...a Shakespeare sonnet taught to him by his Anglophile uncle.

ADJ-GRADED

2. Anglophile Anglophiles
Also a noun.

- He became a fanatical Anglophile.

N-COUNT

Anglophone

[ˈæŋɡləufəun]

n.

母语是英语者

Anglophone

1. Anglophone
Anglophone communities are English-speaking communities in areas where more than one language is commonly spoken.

- ...anglophone Canadians.

- ...anglophone Africa.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. Anglophone Anglophones
Anglophones are people whose native language is English or who speak English because they live in a country where English is one of the official languages.

- It's felt there's no future for Anglophones in the province.

- ...sub-Sahara Anglophones.

N-COUNT: usu pl

Anglo-Saxon

[D.J.:ˈæŋgləʊˈsæksən]

[K.K.:ˈæŋɡloˈsæksən]

n.

盎格鲁-撒克逊人

盎格鲁-撒克逊语

adj.

盎格鲁-撒克逊人的

盎格鲁-撒克逊语的

Anglo-Saxon

1. Anglo-Saxon
The Anglo-Saxon period is the period of English history from the fifth century A.D. to the Norman Conquest in 1066.

- Excavations have revealed Roman and Anglo-Saxon remains in the area.

- ...the grave of an early Anglo-Saxon king.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxons
An Anglo-Saxon was someone who was Anglo-Saxon.

- The Anglo-Saxons did not have a letter V.

N-COUNT

3. Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxon people are members of or are descended from the English race.

- ...white Anglo-Saxon Protestant men.

ADJ

4. Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxons
Also a noun.

- The difference is, you are Anglo-Saxons, we are Latins.

N-COUNT

5. Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxon attitudes or ideas have been strongly influenced by English culture.

- Debilly had no Anglo-Saxon shyness about discussing money.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

6. Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxon is the language that was spoken in England between the fifth century A.D. and the Norman Conquest in 1066.
N-UNCOUNT

Angolan

[æŋˈɡəulən]

n.

安哥拉人

adj.

安哥拉(人)的

Angolan ****

1. Angolan
Angolan means belonging or relating to Angola or its people.

- The Angolan government is under serious pressure.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Angolan Angolans
An Angolan is someone who comes from Angola.

- Angolans are worrying about a return to war.

N-COUNT

angora

n.

安哥拉山羊

angora

1. angora
An angora goat or rabbit is a particular breed that has long silky hair.
ADJ: ADJ n

2. angora
Angora cloth or clothing is made from the hair of the angora goat or rabbit.

- ...an angora sweater.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

angrily

[D.J.:ˈæ ŋ grɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈæ ŋɡrɪlɪ]

adv.

愤怒地,生气地

angry

[D.J.:ˈæŋɡri]

[K.K.:ˈæŋɡri]

adj.

愤怒的, 生气的

(天气等)恶劣的, 狂怒的

(伤口)疼痛的, 发炎的

angry ***

1. angry angrier angriest
When you are angry , you feel strong dislike or impatience about something.

- She had been very angry at the person who stole her new bike.

- Are you angry with me for some reason?.

- I was angry about the rumours.

- He's angry that people have called him a racist.

- An angry mob gathered outside the courthouse.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ at/with/about n

2. angrily

- Officials reacted angrily to those charges.

- Health workers are angrily demanding higher pay.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. angry angrier angriest
An angry wound or rash is red and painful.

- He was badly concussed, the glass leaving two angry cuts across his forehead.

ADJ-GRADED

4. angry angrier angriest
If you describe the sky or sea as angry , you mean that it is dark and stormy. (LITERARY)

- Under the angry red sky he ran, into the thickening darkness.

ADJ-GRADED
= threatening

angry

adjective

furious

annoyed

cross

displeased

enraged

exasperated

incensed

infuriated

irate

mad informal

outraged

resentful

angst

[D.J.:ɑ:ŋst]

[K.K.:ɑŋkst]

n.

(因忧世忧民而引起的)焦虑不安, 烦恼

angst *

angst
Angst is a feeling of anxiety and worry. (JOURNALISM)

- Many kids suffer from acne and angst.

N-UNCOUNT

angst

noun

anxiety

apprehension

unease

worry

anguish

[D.J.:ˈæŋɡwiʃ]

[K.K.:ˈæŋɡwɪʃ]

n.

(尤指心理上的)极度的痛苦

anguish *

anguish
Anguish is great mental suffering or physical pain. (WRITTEN)

- A cry of anguish burst from her lips.

- Mark looked at him in anguish.

N-UNCOUNT

anguish

noun

suffering

agony

distress

grief

heartache

misery

pain

sorrow

torment

woe

anguished

[D.J.:ˈæŋgwɪʃt]

[K.K.:ˈæŋɡwɪʃt]

adj.

(身体或精神上)感到极其痛苦的

anguished *

anguished
Anguished means showing or feeling great mental suffering or physical pain. (WRITTEN)

- She let out an anguished cry.

- ...an anguished mother.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= tormented

angular

[D.J.:ˈæŋgjələ]

[K.K.:ˈæŋɡjəlɚ]

adj.

有角的, 成角的

有尖角的

用角度测量的

(人)瘦削的, 骨瘦如柴的;棱角分明的

笨拙的;生硬的

angularity

[D.J.:ˌæŋɡjuˈlæriti]

[K.K.:ˌæŋɡjəˈlærɪti]

n.

有角,生硬成,角状

angular *

1. angular
Angular things have shapes that seem to contain a lot of straight lines and sharp points.

- He had an angular face with prominent cheekbones.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. angularity

- ...the angularity of her face.

N-UNCOUNT

animal

[D.J.:ˈæniməl]

[K.K.:ˈænəməl]

n.

动物

兽, 牲畜

兽性

粗野残暴的人

adj.

动物的

肉体的

animal ****

1. animal animals
An animal is a living creature such as a dog, lion, or rabbit, rather than a bird, fish, insect, or human being.

- He was attacked by wild animals.

- He had a real knowledge of animals, birds and flowers.

N-COUNT

2. animal animals
Any living creature other than a human being can be referred to as an animal .

- Language is something which fundamentally distinguishes humans from animals.

- ...a habitat for plants and animals.

N-COUNT

3. animal animals
Any living creature, including a human being, can be referred to as an animal .

- Watch any young human being, or any other young animal.

N-COUNT

4. animal
Animal products come from animals rather than from plants.

- The illegal trade in animal products continues to flourish.

- Cut down on animal fats found in red meat, hard cheeses and so on.

ADJ

5. animal animals
If you say that someone is an animal , you find their behaviour disgusting or very unpleasant.

- This man is an animal, a beast.

- He was an animal in his younger days.

N-COUNT disapproval

6. animal
Animal qualities, feelings, or abilities relate to someone's physical nature and instincts rather than to their mind.

- There was no doubting the animal magnetism of the man.

- You feel an animal panic to run and hide.

ADJ

7. animal animals
You can refer to someone as a particular type of animal in order to say what their interests are or what their typical behaviour is.

- You're quite a party animal aren't you, out there every night.

- The entrepreneur at twenty-five is a different animal from the entrepreneur at fifty.

N-COUNT: supp N

animal

noun

1.

creature

beast

brute

2.

brute

barbarian

beast

monster

savage

wild man

adjective

3.

physical

bestial

bodily

brutish

carnal

gross

sensual

animal rights *

animal rights
People who are concerned with animal rights believe very strongly that animals should not be exploited or harmed by humans.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

animal testing

animal testing
Animal testing involves doing scientific tests on animals when developing new products or drugs.
N-UNCOUNT

animate

[D.J.:ˈænəˌmeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈænəˌmet]

vt.

赋予…以生命;使有生命

使有生气；使生气勃勃

激励

驱动,推动

使栩栩如生地动作

绘制(卡通影片)

adj.

有生命的;活的

有生气的；生气勃勃的

(与植物相对而言的)动物的

animated

[D.J.:ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈænəˌmetɪd]

adj.

活生生的；栩栩如生的

生气勃勃的；活跃的；热烈的

被赋予生命的；被赋予生命特征的

(影片等)以动画形式制作的

animatedly

adv.

栩栩如生地；活跃地

animated cartoon

卡通片,动画片

animated drawing

动画片,卡通片

animatedly

[D.J.:ˈænɪmeɪtɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈænəˌmetɪdlɪ]

adv.

活生生地;生气勃勃地;热烈地

animating

鼓舞生气的,启发的

animate

1. animate
Something that is animate has life, in contrast to things like stones and machines which do not.

- Natural philosophy involved the study of all aspects of the material world, animate and inanimate.

ADJ
= living ≠ inanimate

2. animate animates animating animated
To animate something means to make it lively or more cheerful.

- There was precious little about the cricket to animate the crowd.

- The girls watched, little teasing smiles animating their faces.

VB
= enliven

animated *

1. animated
Someone who is animated or who is having an animated conversation is lively and is showing their feelings.

- She was seen in animated conversation with the singer Yuri Marusin.

- Everyone became more animated.

ADJ-GRADED

2. animatedly

- Sammy was standing close to Ned, talking animatedly with him.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. animated
An animated film is one in which puppets or drawings appear to move.

- Disney has returned to what it does best: making full-length animated feature films.

ADJ: ADJ n

animate

verb Applied to a person

1.

enliven

energize

excite

fire

inspire

invigorate

kindle

move

stimulate

adjective

2.

living

alive

alive and kicking

breathing

live

moving

animated

adjective

lively

ebullient

energetic

enthusiastic

excited

passionate

spirited

vivacious

animation

[D.J.:ˌænəˈmeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌænəˈmeʃən]

n.

兴奋, 生气, 活跃

卡通〔动画〕 片的制作

animation *

1. animation
Animation is the process of making films in which drawings or puppets appear to move.

- The films are a mix of animation and full-length features.

- ...computer animation.

N-UNCOUNT

2. animation animations
An animation is a film in which drawings or puppets appear to move.

- This film is the first British animation sold to an American network.

N-COUNT
= cartoon

3. animation
Someone with animation shows liveliness in the way that they speak, look, or behave.

- They both spoke with animation.

N-UNCOUNT

animation

noun

liveliness

ebullience

energy

enthusiasm

excitement

fervour

passion

spirit

verve

vivacity

zest

animator

[D.J.:ˈænimeitə]

[K.K.:ˈænəˌmetɚ]

n.

动画片绘制者

animator

animator animators
An animator is a person who makes films by means of animation.
N-COUNT

animosity

[D.J.:ˌænəˈmɔsɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌænəˈmɑsɪti]

n.

憎恨, 仇恨, 敌意

animosity *

animosity
Animosity is a strong feeling of dislike and anger. Animosities are feelings of this kind.

- There's a long history of animosity between the two nations.

- Sir Geoffrey had no personal animosity towards the Prime Minister.

- ...the age-old animosities in the Middle East.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
= hostility

animosity

noun

hostility

acrimony

antipathy

bitterness

enmity

hatred

ill will

malevolence

malice

rancour

resentment

animus

[D.J.:ˈænəməs]

[K.K.:ˈænəməs]

n.

仇恨,敌视,恶意

基本态度,主导精神

<律>意图

(女性人格的)男性意向

animus

animus
If a person has an animus against someone, they have a strong feeling of dislike for them, even when there is no good reason for it. (FORMAL)

- Professor Ferguson displayed a thoroughgoing animus toward the Western democratic tradition.

- ...Mr Milner's animus towards Mr Stevens.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N prep
= animosity

anise

[D.J.:ˈænis]

[K.K.:ˈænɪs]

n.

茴芹

anise

anise
Anise is a plant with seeds that have a strong smell and taste. It is often made into an alcoholic drink.
N-UNCOUNT

aniseed

[ˈænisi:d]

n.

茴香

aniseed

aniseed
Aniseed is a substance made from the seeds of the anise plant. It is used as a flavouring in sweets, drinks, and medicine.

- Fennel has a very distinctive aniseed flavour.

N-UNCOUNT

ankle

[D.J.:ˈæŋkl]

[K.K.:ˈæŋkəl]

n.

踝, 踝关节

ankle **

ankle ankles
Your ankle is the joint where your foot joins your leg.

- John twisted his ankle badly.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

annals

[D.J.:ˈænəlz]

[K.K.:ˈænəlz]

n.

编年史

历史记载；历史

(学会等的)活动年报

annals

1. annals
If something is in the annals of a nation or field of activity, it is recorded as part of its history.

- He has become a legend in the annals of military history.

N-PLURAL: usu in the N of n

2. annals
Annals is used in the titles of journals of a particular field of academic research.

- It was published in the `Annals of Internal Medicine'.

N-PLURAL: with supp, usu the N of n

annals

plural noun

records

accounts

archives

chronicles

history

annex

[D.J.:əˈneks]

[K.K.:əˈnɛks, ˈænˌɛks]

vt.

并吞, 兼并, 霸占(领土、小国等)

annexation

[D.J.:ˌænekˈseɪʃɵn]

[K.K.:ˌænɛksˈeʃən]

n.

并吞；附加；附加物

annexe

[D.J.:ˈæneks]

[K.K.:ˈænɪks]

n.

附加物,附属建筑

annex *

1. annex annexes annexing annexed
If a country annexes another country or an area of land, it seizes it and takes control of it.

- Rome annexed the Nabatean kingdom in 106 AD.

- ...the idea of annexing Abkhazia to Russia.

VB

2. annexation annexations

- Indonesia's annexation of East Timor has never won the acceptance of the United Nations.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n

3. annex annexes
Annex is the same as annexe . (AM)
N-COUNT

annexe

1. annexe annexes
An annexe is a building which is joined to or is next to a larger main building.

- ...setting up a museum in an annexe to the theatre.

N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) annex

2. annexe annexes
An annexe to a document is a section added to it at the end.

- The Annex lists and discusses eight titles.

N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) annex

annex

verb

1.

seize

acquire

appropriate

conquer

occupy

take over

2.

join

add

adjoin

attach

connect

fasten

annihilate

[D.J.:əˈnaɪəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:əˈnaɪəˌlet]

vt.

(彻底)消灭, 歼灭

彻底击溃;毁灭

使无效；使消失

废止;视...为无关重要

annihilation

[D.J.:əˌnaɪəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:əˌnaɪəˈleʃən]

n.

歼灭,灭绝

<物>(粒子与反粒子的)湮灭,湮没

annihilate *

1. annihilate annihilates annihilating annihilated
To annihilate something means to destroy it completely.

- There are lots of ways of annihilating the planet.

- The Army was annihilated.

VB

2. annihilation

- Muslim political leaders fear the annihilation of their people.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. annihilate annihilates annihilating annihilated
If you annihilate someone in a contest or argument, you totally defeat them.

- The Dutch annihilated the Olympic champions 5-0.

VB

annihilate

verb

destroy

abolish

eradicate

exterminate

extinguish

obliterate

wipe out

anniversary

[D.J.:ˌæniˈvə:səri]

[K.K.:ˌænəˈvɚsəri]

n.

周年纪念

anniversary ***

anniversary anniversaries
An anniversary is a date which is remembered or celebrated because a special event happened on that date in a previous year.

- Vietnam is celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Ho Chi Minh.

N-COUNT: usu ord N, the N of n

annotate

[D.J.:ˈænəʊˌteɪt]

[K.K.:ˈænoˌtet]

vt. & vi.

注解,注释

annotation

n.

注释

annotator

n.

注释者

annotated

有评注的,有注解的

annotation

[D.J.:ˌænəʊˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌænoˈteʃən]

n.

注解,注释

annotator

[ˈænəuteitə]

n.

注解者

annotate

annotate annotates annotating annotated
If you annotate written work or a diagram, you add notes to it, especially in order to explain it.

- Historians annotate, check and interpret the diary selections.

- ...an annotated bibliography.

VB

annotation

1. annotation
Annotation is the activity of annotating something.

- She retained a number of copies for further annotation.

N-UNCOUNT

2. annotation annotations
An annotation is a note that is added to a text or diagram, often in order to explain it.

- He supplied annotations to nearly 15,000 musical works.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= glosses footnotes

announce

[D.J.:əˈnauns]

[K.K.:əˈnaʊns]

vt. & vi.

宣布, 宣告, 发表

vt.

通报…到达

预告, 预示

主持, 介绍

announcing

宣布

announce *****

1. announce announces announcing announced
If you announce something, you tell people about it publicly or officially.

- He will announce tonight that he is resigning from office.

- She was planning to announce her engagement to Peter.

- It was announced that the groups have agreed to a cease-fire.

VB

2. announce announces announcing announced
If you announce a piece of news or an intention, especially something that people may not like, you say it loudly and clearly, so that everyone you are with can hear it.

- Peter announced that he had no intention of wasting his time at any university.

- `I'm having a bath and going to bed,' she announced, and left the room.

VB
= declare

3. announce announces announcing announced
If an airport or railway employee announces something, they tell the public about it by means of a loudspeaker system.

- Station staff announced the arrival of the train over the tannoy.

- They announced his plane was delayed.

VB

4. announce announces announcing announced
If a letter, sound, or sign announces something, it informs people about it.

- The next letter announced the birth of another boy.

- His entrance was announced by a buzzer connected to the door.

VB

5. announce announces announcing announced
If a meal or a guest is announced by a servant at a formal party, the servant says clearly that the meal is ready or the guest has arrived.

- Dinner was announced, and served.

VB: usu passive

announce

verb

make known

advertise

broadcast

declare

disclose

proclaim

report

reveal

tell

announcement

[D.J.:əˈnaʊnsmənt]

[K.K.:əˈnaʊnsmənt]

n.

通告,布告,通知;预告

宣告,宣布

announcement ***

1. announcement announcements
An announcement is a statement made to the public or to the media which gives information about something that has happened or that will happen.

- Sir Robert made his announcement after talks with the President.

- There has been no formal announcement by either government.

N-COUNT: oft supp N, N that
= declaration

2. announcement
The announcement of something that has happened is the act of telling people about it.

- ...the announcement of their engagement...

- There has been no official announcement of the arrests.

N-SING: usu N of n

3. announcement announcements
An announcement in a public place, such as a newspaper or the window of a shop, is a short piece of writing telling people about something or asking for something.

- He will place an announcement in the personal column of The Daily Telegraph.

N-COUNT

announcement

noun

statement

advertisement

broadcast

bulletin

communiqu´e

declaration

proclamation

report

revelation

announcer

[D.J.:əˈnaʊnsə]

[K.K.:əˈnaʊnsɚ]

n.

宣告者

播音员,(尤指)广播员

(戏剧的)报幕员；(比赛的)解说员

announcer *

1. announcer announcers
An announcer is someone who introduces programmes on radio or television or who reads the text of a radio or television advertisement.

- The radio announcer said it was nine o'clock.

- In the commercial an announcer interviews a Texan.

N-COUNT

2. announcer announcers
The announcer at a railway station or airport is the person who makes the announcements.

- The announcer apologised for the delay.

N-COUNT

announcer

noun

presenter

broadcaster

commentator

master of ceremonies

newscaster

newsreader

reporter

annoy

[D.J.:əˈnɔi]

[K.K.:əˈnɔɪ]

vt.

打扰, 干扰

使烦恼, 使恼怒

annoyed

[D.J.:əˈnɔɪd]

[K.K.: əˈnɔɪd]

adj.

恼怒的,气恼的

annoying

[D.J.:əˈnɔɪɪŋ]

[K.K.:əˈnɔɪɪŋ]

adj.

讨厌的;恼人的,使人烦恼的

annoyingly

adv.

恼人地,烦人地

annoy *

annoy annoys annoying annoyed
If someone or something annoys you, it makes you fairly angry and impatient.

- Try making a note of the things which annoy you.

- It annoyed me that I didn't have time to do more ironing.

- It just annoyed me to hear him going on.

VB
= irritate

See also annoyed , annoying .

annoyed *

annoyed
If you are annoyed , you are fairly angry about something.

- She tapped her forehead and looked annoyed with herself.

- She is hurt and annoyed that the authorities have banned her from working with children.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ prep, ADJ that
= angry

See also annoy .

annoying *

1. annoying
Someone or something that is annoying makes you feel fairly angry and impatient.

- You must have found my attitude annoying.

- The annoying thing about the scheme is that it's confusing.

ADJ-GRADED
= irritating

2. annoyingly

- Alex looked annoyingly cheerful.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj
See also annoy .

annoy

verb

irritate

anger

bother

displease

disturb

exasperate

get on one's nerves informal

hassle informal

madden

molest

pester

plague

trouble

vex

annoying

adjective

irritating

disturbing

exasperating

maddening

troublesome

annoyance

[D.J.:əˈnɔɪəns]

[K.K.:əˈnɔɪəns]

n.

恼怒;烦恼;打扰

使人烦恼的事;讨厌的东西(或人)

annoyance *

1. annoyance
Annoyance is the feeling that you get when someone makes you feel fairly angry or impatient.

- To her annoyance the stranger did not go away.

- He denied there was any annoyance with the British among other EC members.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss
= irritation

2. annoyance annoyances
An annoyance is something that makes you feel angry or impatient.

- Snoring can be more than an annoyance.

N-COUNT: usu sing

annoyance

noun

1.

irritation

anger

bother

hassle informal

nuisance

trouble

2.

nuisance

bore

bother

drag informal

pain informal

annual

[D.J.:ˈænjuəl]

[K.K.:ˈænjuəl]

adj.

每年的, 年度的, 一年一次的

n.

一年生植物

年刊, 年报, 年鉴

annually

[D.J.:ˈænjʊəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈænjʊəlɪ]

adv.

每年;每年一次

annual ****

1. annual
Annual events happen once every year.

- ...the annual conference of Britain's trade union movement...

- In its annual report, UNICEF says at least 40,000 children die every day.

ADJ: ADJ n
= yearly

2. annually

- Companies report to their shareholders annually.

ADV: ADV with v

3. annual
Annual quantities or rates relate to a period of one year.

- Annual costs, tuition and fees, £1,600.

- The electronic and printing unit has annual sales of about $80 million.

ADJ: ADJ n
= yearly

4. annually

- El Salvador produces 100,000 tons of refined copper annually.

- Holiday World hires 300 new employees annually.

ADV: ADV with v, amount ADV

5. annual annuals
An annual is a book or magazine that is published once a year.

- I looked for Wyman's picture in my high-school annual.

- He tried the various almanacs, annuals and gazettes which were held in the library.

N-COUNT

6. annual annuals
An annual is a plant that grows and dies within one year.

- The simplest way to deal with these hardy annuals is to sow them where they are to flower.

N-COUNT

annual

adjective

yearly

once a year

yearlong

annually

adverb

yearly

by the year

once a year

per annum

per year

annuities

n.

养老金

annuity

[D.J.:əˈnu:ɪti:, əˈnju:-]

[K.K.:əˈnuɪti, əˈnju-]

n.

年金;(每年的)养老金

年金保险;年金保险投资

annuity *

annuity annuities
An annuity is an investment or insurance policy that pays someone a fixed sum of money each year.
N-COUNT
= endowment

annul

[D.J.:əˈnʌl]

[K.K.:əˈnʌl]

vt.

宣告无效

取消, 废除

使消失;抹去

annul

annul annuls annulling annulled
If an election or a contract is annulled , it is declared invalid, so that legally it is considered never to have existed.

- Opposition party leaders are now pressing for the entire election to be annulled.

- The marriage was annulled last month.

VB: usu passive

annul

verb

invalidate

abolish

cancel

declare or render null and void

negate

nullify

repeal

retract

annulment

[D.J.:əˈnʌlmənt]

[K.K.:əˈnʌlmənt]

n.

废除,取消,(法院对婚姻等)判决无效

annulment

annulment annulments
The annulment of a contract or marriage is an official declaration that it is invalid, so that legally it is considered never to have existed.

- ...the annulment of the elections...

- He may appeal to the Pope for an annulment of his 24-year marriage.

N-VAR

Annunciation

[ənʌnsiˈeiʃ(ə)n]

n.

报喜,天使报喜节

Annunciation

Annunciation
In Christianity, the Annunciation was the announcement by the Archangel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary that she was going to give birth to the son of God.
N-PROPER: the N

anode

[D.J.:ˈænˌəʊd]

[K.K.:ˈænˌod]

n.

阳极

anode

anode anodes
In electronics, an anode is the positive electrode in a cell such as a battery. Compare cathode . (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

anodyne

[D.J.:ˈænəˌdaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈænəˌdaɪn]

adj.

止痛的；镇痛的

不会冒犯任何人的,四平八稳的

n.

止痛剂

给人安慰的事物,缓和情绪之物

anodyne

anodyne
If you describe something as anodyne , you are criticizing it because it has no strong characteristics and is not likely to excite, interest, or upset anyone. (FORMAL)

- Their quarterly meetings were anodyne affairs.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= bland

anoint

[D.J.:əˈnɔɪnt]

[K.K.:əˈnɔɪnt]

vt.

用油软膏涂抹

(宗教仪式上)抹油使神圣化

(如奉圣意般地)选定；指定

anoint

1. anoint anoints anointing anointed
To anoint someone means to put oil or water on a part of their body, usually for religious reasons.

- He anointed my forehead.

- The Pope has anointed him as Archbishop.

- ...the anointed king.

VB

2. anoint anoints anointing anointed
If a person in a position of authority anoints someone, they choose them to do a particular important job. (JOURNALISM)

- The populist party anointed him as its candidate.

- Mr. Olsen has always avoided anointing any successor.

- His message about moderation and the middle class captured the attention of the press, which anointed him front-runner.

VB

anoint

verb

consecrate

bless

hallow

sanctify

anomalous

[D.J.:əˈnɔmələs]

[K.K.:əˈnɑmələs]

adj.

不规则的,反常的

不协调的;不恰当的

破格的;破例的

anomalous

anomalous
Something that is anomalous is different from what is usual or expected. (FORMAL)

- For years this anomalous behaviour has baffled scientists.

- His position here is anomalous.

ADJ-GRADED
= unusual

anomalous

adjective

unusual

abnormal

eccentric

exceptional

incongruous

inconsistent

irregular

odd

peculiar

anomaly

[D.J.:əˈnɔməli:]

[K.K.:əˈnɑməli]

n.

异常,反常,不规则

畸形人〔物〕；异常现象

<天>近点角

anomaly *

anomaly anomalies
If something is an anomaly , it is different from what is usual or expected. (FORMAL)

- The British public's wariness of opera is an anomaly in Europe.

N-COUNT
= oddity

anomaly

noun

irregularity

abnormality

eccentricity

exception

incongruity

inconsistency

oddity

peculiarity

anon

[D.J.:əˈnɔn]

[K.K.:əˈnɑn]

adv.

不久以后

anon.

adj.

作者不详的,无名的,佚名的

anon

anon
Anon means quite soon. (LITERARY)

- You shall see him anon.

ADV: ADV after v

anon.

anon.
Anon. is often written after poems or other writing to indicate that the author is not known. Anon. is an abbreviation for `anonymous'.

anonymity

[D.J.:ˌænəˈnɪmɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌænəˈnɪmɪti]

n.

匿名;作者不详

匿名者,无名者

anonymous

[D.J.:əˈnɔniməs]

[K.K.:əˈnɑnəməs]

adj.

无名的, 不具名的

匿名的

anonymously

[D.J.:əˈn ɔnəməslɪ]

[K.K.:əˈn ɑnəməslɪ]

adv.

不具名地;化名地

anonymous **

1. anonymous
If you remain anonymous when you do something, you do not let people know that you were the person who did it.

- You can remain anonymous if you wish.

- An anonymous benefactor stepped in to provide the prize money.

- ...anonymous phone calls.

ADJ
≠ known named

2. anonymity

- Both mother and daughter, who have requested anonymity, are doing fine.

N-UNCOUNT

3. anonymously

- The latest photographs were sent anonymously to the magazine's Paris headquarters.

ADV

4. anonymous
Something that is anonymous does not reveal who you are.

- Of course, that would have to be by anonymous vote.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

5. anonymity

- He claims many more people would support him in the anonymity of a voting booth.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

6. anonymous
If you describe a place as anonymous , you dislike it because it has no unusual or interesting features and seems unwelcoming.

- ...the most anonymous part of north-west Washington...

- It's nice to stay in a home rather than in an anonymous holiday villa.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

7. anonymity

- ...the anonymity of the rented room.

N-UNCOUNT

anonymous

adjective

unnamed

incognito

nameless

unacknowledged

uncredited

unidentified

unknown

unsigned

anorak

[D.J.:ˈænəræk]

[K.K.:ˈænəˌræk]

n.

皮猴

anorak *

1. anorak anoraks
An anorak is a warm waterproof jacket, usually with a hood.
N-COUNT

2. anorak anoraks
If you refer to someone as an anorak , you mean that they are boring because they devote too much time to a particular hobby or interest. (BRIT)

- He's such an anorak.

- Computer games are the ultimate anorak pursuit.

N-COUNT disapproval

anorexia

[D.J.:ˌænəˈreksi:ə]

[K.K.:ˌænəˈrɛksiə]

n.

没有胃口,厌食,(尤指)神经性食欲缺乏

anorexia *

anorexia
Anorexia or anorexia nervosa is an illness in which a person has an overwhelming fear of becoming fat, and so refuses to eat enough and becomes thinner and thinner.
N-UNCOUNT

anorexic

[D.J.:ˌænəˈreksɪk]

[K.K.:ˌænəˈrɛksɪk]

adj.

患神经性厌食症的;食欲缺乏的, 厌食的;简洁的

anorexic

1. anorexic
If someone is anorexic , they are suffering from anorexia and so are very thin.

- Claire had been anorexic for three years.

- ...an anorexic teenager.

ADJ

2. anorexic anorexics
An anorexic is someone who is anorexic.

- Not eating makes an anorexic feel in control.

N-COUNT

another

[D.J.:əˈnʌðə]

[K.K.:əˈnʌðɚ]

adj.

又一个, 再一个

另一的, 其他一种

pron.

另一个, 别个

再一个

another *****

1. another
Another thing or person means an additional thing or person of the same type as one that already exists.

- Divers this morning found the body of another American sailor drowned during yesterday's ferry disaster.

- We're going to have another baby.

DET: DET sing-n

2. another
Also a pronoun.

- The demand generated by one factory required the construction of another.

- MPs have one free trip to Brussels and another to Strasbourg, headquarters of the EC, each year.

PRON-SING

3. another
You use another when you want to emphasize that an additional thing or person is different to one that already exists.

- I think he's just going to deal with this problem another day.

- The counsellor referred her to another therapist.

DET: DET sing-n

4. another
Also a pronoun.

- He said one thing when he came here, and he's gone back to Washington and done quite another.

- He didn't really believe that any human being could read another's mind.

PRON-SING

5. another
You use another at the beginning of a statement to link it to a previous statement.

- Another time of great excitement for us boys was when war broke out.

- Another change that Sue made was to install central heating.

DET: DET sing-n

6. another
You use another before a word referring to a distance, length of time, or other amount, to indicate an additional amount.

- Continue down the same road for another 2 kilometres until you reach the church of Santa Maria.

- He believes prices will not rise by more than another 4 per cent.

DET: DET amount
= further additional

7. another
You use another in front of the name of a well-known person, place, or event to indicate that you think someone or something is just like that person, place, or event.

- You may never be another Hemingway, but you can learn to write well.

DET: DET n-proper

8. another
You use one another to indicate that each member of a group does something to or for the other members.

- ...women learning to help themselves and one another...

- The two countries do little trade with one another.

PRON-RECIP: v PRON, prep PRON
= each other

9. another
If you talk about one thing after another , you are referring to a series of repeated or continuous events.

- They had faced one difficulty after another with bravery and dedication.

- They kept going, destroying one store after another.

PHR: PHR after v

10. another
You use or another in expressions such as one kind or another when you do not want to be precise about which of several alternatives or possibilities you are referring to.

- ...family members and visiting artists of one kind or another crowding the huge kitchen...

- All of these industries have at one time or another been linked to cancer.

PHR: usu n PHR
= or other

answer

[D.J.:ˈɑ:nsə]

[K.K.:ˈænsɚ]

vt. & vi.

答复; 解答; 答辩

适应, 符合, 满足

回应, 响应

n.

回答; 回音

答案

反应

answering

[D.J.:ˈɑ:nsərɪŋ]

adj.

应答的, 答复的

answer *****

1. answer answers answering answered
When you answer someone who has asked you something, you say something back to them.

- I knew Ben was lying when he answered me.

- Just answer the question.

- He paused before answering.

- `When?' asked Alba, `Tonight', answered Tom.

- Williams answered that he had no specific proposals yet.

VB
= reply respond

2. answer answers
An answer is something that you say when you answer someone.

- Without waiting for an answer, he turned and went in through the door.

- I don't quite know what to say in answer to your question.

N-COUNT: also in N to n
= reply response

3. answer
If you say that someone will not take no for an answer , you mean that they go on trying to make you agree to something even after you have refused.

- She is tough, unwilling to take no for an answer.

- He would never take no for an answer.

PHR: with brd-neg

4. answer answers answering answered
If you answer a letter or advertisement, you write to the person who wrote it.

- Did he answer your letter?.

- She answered an advert for a job as a cook.

VB
= reply to

5. answer answers
An answer is a letter that you write to someone who has written to you.

- I wrote to him but I never had an answer back.

- She wrote to Roosevelt's secretary in answer to his letter of the day before.

N-COUNT: also in N to n
= reply response

6. answer answers answering answered
When you answer the telephone, you pick it up when it rings. When you answer the door, you open it when you hear a knock or the bell.

- She answered her phone on the first ring.

- A middle-aged woman answered the door.

VB

7. answer answers
Also a noun.

- I knocked at the front door and there was no answer.

N-COUNT: usu sing

8. answer answers
An answer to a problem is a solution to it.

- There are no easy answers to the problems facing the economy.

- Prison is not the answer for most young offenders.

- Legislation is only part of the answer.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

9. answer answers
Someone's answer to a question in a test or quiz is what they write or say in an attempt to give the facts that are asked for. The answer to a question is the fact that was asked for.

- Simply marking an answer wrong will not help the pupil to get future examples correct.

- Below are printed the answers to the Brain of Soccer 1993 quiz.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

10. answer answers answering answered
When you answer a question in a test or quiz, you write or say something in an attempt to give the facts that are asked for.

- To obtain her degree, she answered 81 questions over 10 papers.

VB

11. answer answers
Your answer to something that someone has said or done is what you say or do in response to it or in defence of yourself.

- In answer to speculation that she wouldn't finish the race, she boldly declared her intention of winning it.

N-COUNT: also in N to n
= reply response

12. answer answers answering answered
If you answer something that someone has said or done, you respond to it.

- He answered her smile with one of his own.

- That statement seemed designed to answer criticism of allied bombing missions.

VB
= counter

13. answer
If you say that something is a place's answer to a famous thing, you mean that the first thing is the equivalent of the second in that place. (JOURNALISM)

- Cachaca is Brazil's answer to tequila.

N-SING: poss N to n

14. answer answers answering answered
If something answers a need or purpose, it satisfies it, because it has the right qualities.

- We must ensure we answer real needs

VB
= satisfy

15. answer answers answering answered
If someone or something answers a particular description or answers to it, they have the characteristics described.

- Two men answering the description of the suspects tried to enter Switzerland.

- The Japanese never built any aircraft remotely answering to this description.

VB
= fit

answer for *****

1. answer for answers for; answering for; answered for
If you have to answer for something bad or wrong you have done, you are punished for it.

- He must be made to answer for his terrible crimes.

PHR-V
= pay

2. answer
If you say that someone has a lot to answer for , you are saying that their actions have led to problems which you think they are responsible for.
PHR: have inflects

answer

verb

1.

reply

explain

react

resolve

respond

retort

return

solve

noun

2.

reply

comeback

defence

explanation

reaction

rejoinder

response

retort

return

riposte

solution

answer for

verb

be responsible for

be accountable for

be answerable for

be chargeable for

be liable for

be to blame for

answer back *****

answer back answers back; answering back; answered back
If someone, especially a child, answers back , they speak rudely to you when you speak to them.

- She was beaten by teachers for answering back.

- I always answered him back when I thought he was wrong.

PHR-V

answerable

[D.J.:ˈænsərəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈænsərəbəl]

adj.

有责任的, 应负责的

可答复的

answerable

1. answerable
If you are answerable to someone, you have to report to them and explain your actions.

- Councils should be answerable to the people who elect them.

- All ministers, including the prime minister, will be answerable directly to him.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n

2. answerable
If you are answerable for your actions or for someone else's actions, you are considered to be responsible for them and if necessary must accept punishment for them.

- He must be made answerable for these terrible crimes.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ for n
= responsible accountable

answerable

adjective

usually with for {or} to

responsible

accountable

amenable

chargeable

liable

subject

to blame

answering machine *

answering machine answering machines
An answering machine is a device which you connect to your telephone and which records telephone calls while you are out.
N-COUNT
= answerphone

answerphone

n.

自动应答录音电话机

answerphone

answerphone answerphones
An answerphone is the same as an answering machine . (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT
= answering machine

ant

[D.J.:ænt]

[K.K.:ænt]

n.

蚂蚁

ant *

ant ants
Ants are small crawling insects that live in large groups.

- Ants swarmed up out of the ground and covered her shoes and legs.

N-COUNT

antacid

[D.J.:ænˈtæsid]

[K.K.:æntˈæsɪd]

n., adj.

解酸剂, 防酸剂, 解酸的, 防酸的

antacid

antacid antacids
Antacid is a substance that reduces the level of acid in the stomach.
N-MASS

antagonism

[D.J.:ænˈtæɡənizəm]

[K.K.:ænˈtæɡəˌnɪzəm]

n.

对抗, 敌对

antagonism *

antagonism
Antagonism between people is hatred or dislike between them. Antagonisms are instances of this.

- There is still much antagonism between trades unions and the oil companies.

- Old antagonisms resurfaced.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
= resentment

antagonism

noun

hostility

antipathy

conflict

discord

dissension

friction

opposition

rivalry

antagonist

[D.J.:ænˈtægənɪst]

[K.K.:ænˈtæɡənɪst]

n.

对立〔对抗〕 者, 对手, 敌手

<解>对抗肌

<药>对抗药

antagonist *

antagonist antagonists
Your antagonist is your opponent or enemy.

- Spassky had never previously lost to his antagonist.

N-COUNT

antagonist

noun

opponent

adversary

competitor

contender

enemy

foe

rival

antagonistic

[D.J.:ænˌtægəˈnistik]

adj.

敌对的;对抗性的

antagonistic

antagonistic
If a person is antagonistic to someone or something, they show hatred or dislike towards them.

- Nearly all the women I interviewed were aggressively antagonistic to the idea.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to/towards n

antagonistic

adjective

hostile

at odds

at variance

conflicting

incompatible

in dispute

opposed

unfriendly

antagonize

[D.J.:ænˈtægəˌnaɪz]

[K.K.:ænˈtæɡəˌnaɪz]

vt.

使成为敌人；引起…敌对〔对抗〕

对...起反作用;中和

antagonize *

antagonize antagonizes antagonizing antagonized
If you antagonize someone, you make them feel angry or hostile towards you.

- He didn't want to antagonize her.

VB (BRIT) also antagonise
= aggravate

antagonize

verb

annoy

anger

get on one's nerves informal

hassle informal

irritate

offend

Antarctic

adj.

南极的

Antarctic *

Antarctic
The Antarctic is the area around the South Pole.
N-PROPER: the N

ante

[D.J.:ˈænti:]

[K.K.:ˈænti]

n.

(赌纸牌下的)赌注

已付的金额；分担额

预付款；成本；价格

vt. & vi.

(尤指赌账)付账；付出,支付分担额

ante up

付款(通常指不愿意的)

ante *

ante
If you up the ante or raise the ante , you increase your demands when you are in dispute or fighting for something. (JOURNALISM)
PHR: V inflects

ante up *

ante up antes up; anted up
If you ante up an amount of money, you pay your share, sometimes unwillingly. (AM, INFORMAL)

- Paul Reichmann offered to ante up $2 million.

PHR-V: no cont

anteater

[D.J.:ˈæntˌi:tə]

[K.K.:ˈæntˌitɚ]

n.

食蚁兽

anteater

anteater anteaters
An anteater is an animal with a long nose that eats termites or ants. Anteaters live in warm countries.
N-COUNT also ant-eater

antecedent

[D.J.:ˌæntɪˈsi:dnt]

[K.K.:ˌæntɪˈsidn..t]

n.

发生在前的事, 先例

<语>(关系代词的)先行词

<数>(比例)前项

<逻>前件

经历;学历

祖先

前身

adj.

在前的, 在先的, 先行的

antecedent

1. antecedent antecedents
An antecedent of something happened or existed before it and was similar to it in some way. (FORMAL)

- We shall first look briefly at the historical antecedents of this theory.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= precursor

2. antecedent
An antecedent thing or event happened or existed before another related thing or event. (FORMAL)

- It was permissible to take account of antecedent legislation.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= previous

3. antecedent antecedents
Your antecedents are your ancestors. (FORMAL)

- ...a Frenchman with Irish antecedents.

N-COUNT: usu pl

antechamber

[D.J.:ˈæntitʃeimbə]

[K.K.:ˈæntiˌtʃembɚ]

n.

前厅

antechamber

antechamber antechambers
An antechamber is a small room leading into a larger room.
N-COUNT also ante-chamber
= anteroom

antediluvian

[D.J.:ˌæntɪdəˈlu:vi:ən]

[K.K.:ˌæntɪdəˈluviən]

adj.

(《圣经》上说的)大洪水以前的

<口>非常古老的

n.

大洪水以前的人或事物

年迈的人;老朽

远远落后于时代的人;老古董

antediluvian

antediluvian
Antediluvian things are old or old-fashioned. (HUMOROUS)

- ...those antediluvian days before telephone answering machines.

ADJ

antelope

[D.J.:ˈæntlˌəʊp]

[K.K.:ˈæntl..ˌop]

n.

羚羊

羚羊皮革

antelope

antelope antelope or antelopes
An antelope is an animal like a deer, with long legs and horns, that lives in Africa or Asia. Antelopes are graceful and can run fast. There are many different types of antelope.
N-COUNT

antenatal

[D.J.:ˌæntiˈneitəl]

[K.K.:ˌæntiˈnetl]

adj.

出生前的

怀孕期的

antenatal

antenatal
Antenatal means relating to the medical care of women when they are expecting a baby.

- ...antenatal classes.

- ...antenatal care.

ADJ: ADJ n also ante-natal
≠ postnatal

antenna

[D.J.:ænˈtenə]

[K.K.:ænˈtɛnə]

n.

触角, 触须

天线

antennae

[天线

antenna *

1. antenna antennae or antennas
The antennae of something such as an insect or crustacean are the two long, thin parts attached to its head that it uses to feel things with.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. antenna antennae or antennas
An antenna is a device that sends and receives television or radio signals.
N-COUNT antennas is the usual plural form
= aerial

ante-post

adj.

赛马号码

ante-post

ante-post
In gambling, ante-post bets are placed before the day of a particular race or competition. (BRIT)

- ...the ante-post favourite for the Epsom Classic, Celtic Swing.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

anterior

[D.J.:ænˈtɪəri:ə]

[K.K.:ænˈtɪriɚ]

adj.

位于前部的

先前的;早期的

(逻辑上)在前的

anterior

anterior
Anterior describes a part of the body that is situated at or towards the front of another part. (MEDICAL)

- ...the left anterior descending artery.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ posterior

anteroom

[D.J.:ˈæntirum]

[K.K.:ˈæntiˌrum, -ˌrʊm]

n.

接待室,前厅

anteroom

anteroom anterooms
An anteroom is a small room leading into a larger room.

- I was waiting in the anteroom of a BBC radio studio to interview Mr Follows.

N-COUNT also ante-room
= antechamber

anthem

[D.J.:ˈænθəm]

[K.K.:ˈænθəm]

n.

<宗>赞美诗;圣歌

赞歌;颂歌

国歌；校歌

anthem *

anthem anthems
An anthem is a song which is used to represent a particular nation, society, or group and which is sung on special occasions.

- The band played the Czech anthem.

- ...the Olympic anthem.

N-COUNT
See also national anthem .

anthem

noun

1.

hymn

canticle

carol

chant

chorale

psalm

2.

song of praise

paean

anthill

[D.J.:ˈænthil]

[K.K.:ˈæntˌhɪl]

n.

蚁丘,人群密集的地方

anthill

anthill anthills
An anthill is a pile of earth formed by ants when they are making a nest.
N-COUNT also ant-hill

anthology

[D.J.:ænˈθɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ænˈθɑlədʒi]

n.

(诗、文等的)选集

anthology *

anthology anthologies
An anthology is a collection of writings by different writers published together in one book.

- ...an anthology of poetry.

N-COUNT

anthology

noun

collection

compendium

compilation

miscellany

selection

treasury

anthracite

[D.J.:ˈænθrəˌsaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈænθrəˌsaɪt]

n.

无烟煤

anthracite

anthracite
Anthracite is a type of very hard coal which burns slowly, producing a lot of heat and very little smoke.
N-UNCOUNT

anthrax

[D.J.:ˈænˌθræks]

[K.K.:ˈænˌθræks]

n.

<医>炭疽(病)

炭疽脓疱

anthrax

anthrax
Anthrax is a disease of cattle and sheep, in which they get painful sores and a fever. Anthrax can be used in biological weapons.
N-UNCOUNT

anthropological

[D.J.:ˌæn θrəpəˈl ɔd ʒɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌæn θrəpəˈl ɑd ʒɪk l..]

adj.

人类学的

anthropologist

[ˌænθrəˈpɔlədʒist]

n.

人类学者,人类学家

anthropology

[D.J.:ˌænθrəˈpɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˌænθrəˈpɑlədʒi]

n.

人类学

anthropologist

n.

人类学家

anthropology *

1. anthropology
Anthropology is the scientific study of people, society, and culture.
N-UNCOUNT

2. anthropologist anthropologists

- ...an anthropologist who had been in China for three years.

N-COUNT

3. anthropological

- ...anthropological research.

ADJ: ADJ n

anthropomorphic

[ˌænθrəpəˈmɔ:fik]

adj.

拟人的; 赋予人性的

anthropomorphic

anthropomorphic
Anthropomorphic means relating to the idea that an animal, a god, or an object has feelings or characteristics like those of a human being.

- ...the anthropomorphic attitude to animals...

- The world of the gods is anthropomorphic, an imitative projection of ours.

ADJ

anthropomorphism

[D.J.:ˌænθrəpəˈmɔ:-fizəm]

[K.K.:ˌænθrəpəˈmɔrˌfɪzəm]

n.

(赋予神、动物或其他事物人的特点的)拟人论

anthropomorphism

anthropomorphism
Anthropomorphism is the idea that an animal, a god, or an object has feelings or characteristics like those of a human being.
N-UNCOUNT

anti

[D.J.:ˈænti]

[K.K.:ˈæntaɪ, -ti]

n.adj.

反对者,反对论者 反对的

anti

1. anti antis
You can refer to people who are opposed to a particular activity or idea as antis . (INFORMAL)

- Despite what the antis would tell you, hunting is for people from all walks of life.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft the N

2. anti
If someone is opposed to something you can say that they are anti it. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- That's why you're so anti other people smoking.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= against ≠ for

anti-

[D.J.:ˈænti]

[K.K.:ˈæntaɪ, -ti]

pref.

表示“反对,抵抗”之义

anti-

1. anti-
Anti- is used to form adjectives and nouns that describe someone or something that is opposed to a particular system, practice, or group of people.

- ...anti-government demonstrations.

- ...anti-racist campaigners.

- ...anti-Fascists.

PREFIX

2. anti-
Anti- is used to form adjectives and nouns that describe things that are intended to destroy something harmful or to prevent something from happening.

- Anti-aircraft and anti-tank guns were exported with forged papers.

- ...anti-discrimination legislation.

- ...anti-inflammatory drugs.

PREFIX

anti-abortionist

anti-abortionist anti-abortionists
An anti-abortionist is someone who wants to limit or prevent the legal availability of abortions.

- An attempt by anti-abortionists to tighten the rules was defeated.

N-COUNT

antibiotic

[D.J.:ˌæntɪbaɪˈɔtɪk, ˌæntaɪ-]

[K.K.:ˌæntɪbaɪˈɑtɪk, ˌæntaɪ-]

n.

<微>抗生素, 抗菌素

adj.

抗生的；抗菌的

antibiotics

[D.J.:ˌæntɪbaɪˈ ɔtɪks]

[K.K.:ˌæntɪbaɪˈ ɑtɪks]

n.

(用作复数)抗生素

(用作单数)抗生物质的研究

antibiotic **

antibiotic antibiotics
Antibiotics are medical drugs used to kill bacteria and treat infections.

- Your doctor may prescribe a course of antibiotics.

N-COUNT: usu pl

antibody

[D.J.:ˈæntɪˌbɔdi:, ˌæntaɪ-]

[K.K.:ˈæntɪˌbɑdi, ˌæntaɪ-]

n.

<生>抗体

antibody **

antibody antibodies
Antibodies are substances which a person's or an animal's body produces in their blood in order to destroy substances which carry disease.
N-COUNT: usu pl

anticipate

[D.J.:ænˈtisipeit]

[K.K.:ænˈtɪsəˌpet]

vt.

先于…行动

预感, 期望

anticipated

预先的;预期的

anticipate **

1. anticipate anticipates anticipating anticipated
If you anticipate an event, you realize in advance that it may happen and you are prepared for it.

- At the time we couldn't have anticipated the result of our campaigning.

- It is anticipated that the equivalent of 192 full-time jobs will be lost.

- Officials anticipate that rivalry between leaders of the various drug factions could erupt into full scale war.

VB
= expect

2. anticipate anticipates anticipating anticipated
If you anticipate a question, request, or need, you do what is necessary or required before the question, request, or need occurs.

- What Jeff did was to anticipate my next question.

- Do you expect your partner to anticipate your needs?

VB

3. anticipate anticipates anticipating anticipated
If you anticipate something, you do it, think it, or say it before someone else does.

- In the 50s, Rauschenberg anticipated the conceptual art movement of the 80s.

VB

anticipated

anticipated
If an event, especially a cultural event, is eagerly anticipated , people expect that it will be very good, exciting, or interesting.

- ...the most eagerly anticipated rock event of the year.

- ...one of the conference's most keenly anticipated debates...

- The long-anticipated study drew criticism from the tobacco industry.

ADJ-GRADED
= awaited

anticipate

verb

expect

await

foresee

foretell

hope for

look forward to

predict

prepare for

anticipation

[D.J.:ænˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ænˌtɪsəˈpeʃən]

n.

预期；期盼

预测；预感,预知

预期的事物

先发制人,抢先

<律>(信托财产收益的)预支

<音>(和弦的)先行音符

anticipation *

1. anticipation
Anticipation is a feeling of excitement about something pleasant or exciting that you know is going to happen.

- There's been an atmosphere of anticipation around here for a few days now.

- We await the next volume of this superb edition with keen anticipation.

N-UNCOUNT

2. anticipation
If something is done in anticipation of an event, it is done because people believe that event is going to happen.

- Troops in the Philippines have been put on full alert in anticipation of trouble during a planned general strike.

PHR: PHR n

anticipation

noun

expectation

expectancy

foresight

forethought

premonition

prescience

anticipatory

[D.J.:ænˈtɪsɪpeɪtɵrɪ]

[K.K.:ænˌtɪsəˈpəˌtorɪ]

adj.

期待着的

提早发生的

anticipatory

anticipatory
An anticipatory feeling or action is one that you have or do because you are expecting something to happen soon. (FORMAL)

- ...anticipatory excitement at the prospect of cooking and eating such delights.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

anticlimax

[D.J.:ˌænti:ˈklaɪˌmæks, ˌæntaɪ-]

[K.K.:ˌæntiˈklaɪˌmæks, ˌæntaɪ-]

n.

突降法,反高潮

虎头蛇尾;苍白无力的结尾；令人扫兴的结尾

anticlimax

anticlimax anticlimaxes
You can describe something as an anticlimax if it disappoints you because it happens after something that was very exciting, or because it is not as exciting as you expected.

- Barry's speech followed Dirk Bogarde's appearance, and was an inevitable anticlimax.

- It was sad that his international career should end in such anticlimax.

N-VAR
= disappointment

anticlimax

noun

disappointment

bathos

comedown informal

letdown

anticlockwise

[D.J.:ˌænti:ˈklɔkwaɪz, ˌæntaɪ-]

[K.K.:ˌæntiˈklɑkwaɪz, ˌæntaɪ-]

adv.

逆时针方向地

adj.

逆时针方向的

anticlockwise

1. anticlockwise
If something is moving anticlockwise , it is moving in the opposite direction to the direction in which the hands of a clock move. (BRIT; in AM use counterclockwise )

- The cutters are opened by turning the knob anticlockwise.

ADV: ADV after v also anti-clockwise
≠ clockwise

2. anticlockwise
Also an adjective.

- ...an anticlockwise route around the coast.

ADJ: ADJ n also anti-clockwise

antics

[D.J.:ˈæntiks]

n.

古怪或可笑的举动；滑稽动作

antics *

antics
Antics are funny, silly, or unusual ways of behaving.

- Elizabeth tolerated Sarah's antics.

N-PLURAL

antics

plural noun

clowning

escapades

horseplay

mischief

playfulness

pranks

tomfoolery

tricks

anticyclone

[D.J.:ˌæntiˈsaikləun]

[K.K.:ˌæntiˈsaɪˌklon, ˌæntaɪ-]

n.

反气旋

anticyclone

anticyclone anticyclones
An anticyclone is an area of high atmospheric pressure which causes settled weather conditions and, in summer, clear skies and high temperatures.
N-COUNT

anti-depressant

1. anti-depressant anti-depressants
An anti-depressant is a drug which is used to treat people who are suffering from depression.
N-COUNT also antidepressant

2. anti-depressant anti-depressants
You can use anti-depressant to talk about something that makes people feel happier and more relaxed.

- Exercise is a powerful antidepressant.

N-COUNT also antidepressant

antidote

[D.J.:ˈæntɪˌdəʊt]

[K.K.:ˈæntɪˌdot]

n.

解药,解毒剂

对抗手段,矫正方法

除害物

antidote *

1. antidote antidotes
An antidote is a chemical substance that stops or controls the effect of a poison.

- When he returned, he noticed their sickness and prepared an antidote.

N-COUNT
= remedy

2. antidote antidotes
Something that is an antidote to a difficult or unpleasant situation helps you to overcome the situation.

- Massage is a wonderful antidote to stress.

N-COUNT: usu N to n
= cure remedy

antidote

noun

cure

countermeasure

remedy

antifreeze

[D.J.:ˈæntɪˌfri:z]

[K.K.:ˈæntɪˌfriz]

n.

防冻剂

antifreeze

antifreeze
Antifreeze is a liquid which is added to water to stop it freezing. It is used in car radiators in cold weather.
N-UNCOUNT: also a N

antigen

[D.J.:ˈæntɪdʒən]

[K.K.:ˈæntɪdʒən]

n.

抗原

antigen

antigen antigens
An antigen is a substance that helps the production of antibodies .
N-COUNT

anti-hero

n.

平凡的主角

anti-hero

anti-hero anti-heroes
An anti-hero is the main character in a novel, play, or film who is not morally good and does not behave like a typical hero.
N-COUNT also antihero
≠ hero

antihistamine

[D.J.:æntiˈhistəmi:n]

[K.K.:ˌæntiˈhɪstəˌmin, -mɪn]

n.

抗组织胺药

antihistamine

antihistamine antihistamines
An antihistamine is a drug that is used to treat allergies.
N-COUNT also anti-histamine

antimatter

[D.J.:ˈæntiˈmætə]

[K.K.:ˈæntɪˌmætɚ, ˈæntaɪ-]

n.

反物质

antimatter

antimatter
In science, antimatter is a form of matter whose particles have characteristics and properties opposite to those of ordinary matter. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

antioxidant

[D.J.:ˈæntiˈɔksidənt]

[K.K.:ˌæntiˈɑksɪdənt, ˌæntaɪ-]

n.

抗氧化剂,硬化防止剂

antioxidant

antioxidant antioxidants
An antioxidant is a substance which slows down the damage that can be caused to other substances by the effects of oxygen. Foods which contain antioxidants are thought to be very good for you.
N-COUNT also anti-oxidant

antipasto

[D.J.:ˌæn:tiˈpɑ:stəu]

[K.K.:ˌɑntiˈpɑsto]

n.

开胃食物

antipasto

antipasto antipasti
Antipasto is the sort of food that is often served at the beginning of an Italian meal, for example cold meats and vegetables in olive oil.
N-VAR

antipathy

[D.J.:ænˈtɪpəθi:]

[K.K.:ænˈtɪpəθi]

n.

反感, 厌恶

引起反感的事物;憎恶的对象

<古>(在本性、倾向等方面的)不相容,抵触

antipathy *

antipathy
Antipathy is a strong feeling of dislike or hostility towards someone or something. (FORMAL)

- She'd often spoken of her antipathy towards London.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N prep

antipathy

noun

hostility

aversion

bad blood

dislike

enmity

hatred

ill will

Antipodean

Antipodean
Antipodean describes people or things that come from or relate to Australia and New Zealand. (BRIT)

- New Zealand's Cloudy Bay winery produces some of the best antipodean wines.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also antipodean

Antipodes

[D.J.:ænˈtɪpəˌdi:z]

[K.K.:ænˈtɪpəˌdiz]

n.

澳大利亚和新西兰

Antipodes

Antipodes
People sometimes refer to Australia and New Zealand as the Antipodes . (BRIT)
N-PROPER: the N

antiquarian

[D.J.:ˌæntiˈkwɛəriən]

[K.K.:ˌæntɪˈkwɛriən]

n.

古文物研究者,收集古文物者

adj.

古文物研究的

antiquarian

1. antiquarian
Antiquarian means concerned with old and rare objects.

- ...an antiquarian bookseller.

- ...antiquarian and second-hand books.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. antiquarian antiquarians
An antiquarian is the same as an antiquary .
N-COUNT

antiquary

[D.J.:ˈæntikwəri]

[K.K.:ˈæntɪˌkwɛri]

n.

研究[收藏, 出售]古物的人

antiquary

antiquary antiquaries
An antiquary is a person who studies the past, or who collects or buys and sells old and valuable objects.
N-COUNT
= antiquarian

antiquated

[D.J.:ˈæntɪˌkweɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈæntɪˌkwetɪd]

adj.

过时的,陈旧的,老式的

年老的

antiquated *

antiquated
If you describe something as antiquated , you are criticizing it because it is very old or old-fashioned.

- Many factories are so antiquated they are not worth saving.

- Do we really want a return to an antiquated system of privilege and elitism?

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= out-moded

antiquated

adjective

obsolete

antique

archaic

dated

old-fashioned

out-of-date

pass´e

antique

[D.J.:ænˈti:k]

[K.K.:ænˈtik]

adj.

古时制造的, 古董的

古代的

n.

古玩, 古董, 古物

antique ***

antique antiques
An antique is an old object such as a piece of china or furniture which is valuable because of its beauty or rarity.

- ...a genuine antique.

- ...antique silver jewellery...

- He finds material at auctions, antique shops and flea markets.

N-COUNT: oft N n

antique

noun

1.

period piece

bygone

heirloom

relic

adjective

2.

vintage

antiquarian

classic

olden

3.

old-fashioned

archaic

obsolete

outdated

antiqued

antiqued
An antiqued object is modern but has been made to look like an antique.

- Both rooms have antiqued pine furniture.

ADJ

antiquity

[D.J.:ænˈtɪkwɪti:]

[K.K.:ænˈtɪkwɪti]

n.

古老;年代久远;(尤指中世纪前流传下来的);古代

古迹, 古物

古代的风俗习惯

古人们

antiquity *

1. antiquity
Antiquity is the distant past, especially the time of the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans.

- ...famous monuments of classical antiquity...

- The town was famous in antiquity for its white bulls.

N-UNCOUNT

2. antiquity antiquities
Antiquities are things such as buildings, statues, or coins that were made in ancient times and have survived to the present day.

- ...collectors of Roman antiquities.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. antiquity
The antiquity of something is its great age.

- ...a town of great antiquity...

- It indicates the antiquity of the tradition.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

antiquity

noun

1.

old age

age

ancientness

elderliness

oldness

2.

distant past

ancient times

olden days

time immemorial

anti-Semite

anti-Semite anti-Semites
An anti-Semite is someone who strongly dislikes and is prejudiced against Jewish people.
N-COUNT

anti-Semitic

adj.

反对犹太人的,排犹的

anti-Semitic *

anti-Semitic
Someone or something that is anti-Semitic is hostile to or prejudiced against Jewish people.

- His anti-Semitic beliefs were well-known in America.

ADJ-GRADED also antisemitic

anti-Semitism

[ˈæntiˈsemitizəm]

n.

反犹太主义

anti-Semitism *

anti-Semitism
Anti-Semitism is hostility to and prejudice against Jewish people.

- The extreme right-wing National Front promoted anti-semitism.

N-UNCOUNT

antiseptic

[D.J.:ˌæntɪˈseptɪk]

[K.K.:ˌæntɪˈsɛptɪk]

adj.

防腐的, 杀菌的，消毒的

使用抗菌剂的,使用防腐剂的

未受感染的,无菌的,消过毒的

非常整洁的；一尘不染的

冷淡的,缺乏热情的

n.

防腐剂，杀菌剂

antiseptics

防腐剂

antiseptic *

1. antiseptic antiseptics
Antiseptic is a substance that kills germs and harmful bacteria.

- She bathed the cut with antiseptic.

N-MASS
= disinfectant

2. antiseptic
Something that is antiseptic kills germs and harmful bacteria.

- These vegetables and herbs have strong antiseptic qualities.

ADJ

antiseptic

adjective

1.

hygienic

clean

germ-free

pure

sanitary

sterile

uncontaminated

noun

2.

disinfectant

germicide

purifier

anti-social *

1. anti-social
Someone who is anti-social is unwilling to meet and be friendly with other people.

- ...a generation of teenagers who will become aggressive and anti-social.

ADJ-GRADED also antisocial
≠ out-going gregarious

2. anti-social
Anti-social behaviour is annoying or upsetting to other people.

- Playing these games can lead to anti-social behaviour.

ADJ-GRADED also antisocial

antitheses

n.

对照,对立的,对比法

antithesis

[D.J.:ænˈtɪθɪsɪs]

[K.K.:ænˈtɪθɪsɪs]

n.

对立；对立面

对照

对偶

antithesis

1. antithesis antitheses
The antithesis of something is its exact opposite. (FORMAL)

- The antithesis of the Middle Eastern buyer is the Japanese.

N-COUNT: usu the N of n
= opposite

2. antithesis antitheses
If there is an antithesis between two things, there is a contrast between them. (FORMAL)

- ...the antithesis between instinct and reason.

N-COUNT

antithesis

noun

opposite

contrary

contrast

converse

inverse

reverse

antithetical

[D.J.:æntiˈθetikəl]

[K.K.:ˌæntɪˈθɛtɪkəl]

adj.

正相反的; 对立的

antithetical

antithetical
Something that is antithetical to something else is the opposite of it and is unable to exist with it. (WRITTEN)

- The oppressive use of power is antithetical to our democratic ideals.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ to n

antitrust

[D.J.:ˌænti:ˈtrʌst, ˌæntaɪ-]

[K.K.:ˌæntiˈtrʌst, ˌæntaɪ-]

adj.

反托拉斯的,反垄断的

antitrust *

antitrust
In the United States, antitrust laws are intended to stop large firms taking over their competitors, fixing prices with their competitors, or interfering with free competition in any way.

- The jury found that the NFL had violated antitrust laws.

ADJ: ADJ n

antler

[D.J.:ˈæntlə]

[K.K.:ˈæntlɚ]

n.

鹿角

角枝

antler

antler antlers
A male deer's antlers are the branched horns on its head.
N-COUNT

antonym

[D.J.:ˈæntənim]

[K.K.:ˈæntəˌnɪm]

n.

反义词

antonym

antonym antonyms
The antonym of a word is a word which means the opposite. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
≠ synonym

antsy

[D.J.:ˈæntsi]

[K.K.:ˈæntsi]

adj.

烦躁的; 坐立不安的

antsy

antsy
If someone is antsy , they are nervous or impatient. (AM, INFORMAL)

- This is the end of a tour so I'm a little antsy, I guess.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= tetchy

anus

[D.J.:ˈeinəs]

[K.K.:ˈenəs]

n.

肛门

anus

anus anuses
A person's anus is the hole from which faeces leaves their body. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

anvil

[D.J.:ˈænvɪl]

[K.K.:ˈænvɪl]

n.

(铁)砧

<解>砧骨

anvil

1. anvil anvils
An anvil is a heavy iron block on which hot metals are beaten into shape.
N-COUNT

2. anvil anvils
You can refer to a difficult experience that changes someone or leads to something good as a particular type of anvil . (LITERARY)

- His independence had been forged on the anvil of a harsh environment.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

anxiety

[D.J.:ænˈzaiəti]

[K.K.:æŋˈzaɪɪti]

n.

焦虑, 担心, 不安

焦虑的原因

渴望, 热望

anxiety ***

anxiety
Anxiety is a feeling of nervousness or worry.

- Her voice was full of anxiety.

- Many editorials express their anxieties about the economic chaos in the country.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

anxiety

noun

uneasiness

angst

apprehension

concern

foreboding

misgiving

nervousness

tension

trepidation

worry

anxious

[D.J.:ˈæŋkʃəs]

[K.K.:ˈæŋkʃəs, ˈæŋʃəs]

adj.

焦急的, 忧虑的, 担心的

渴望的, 急切的

anxiously

[D.J.:ˈæ ŋkʃəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈæ ŋkʃəslɪ]

adv.

焦急地;担忧地

anxious ***

1. anxious
If you are anxious to do something or anxious that something should happen, you very much want to do it or very much want it to happen.

- Both the Americans and the Russians are anxious to avoid conflict in South Asia.

- He is anxious that there should be no delay.

- Those anxious for reform say that the present system is too narrow.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, ADJ to-inf, ADJ that, ADJ prep
= eager

2. anxious
If you are anxious , you are nervous or worried about something.

- The foreign minister admitted he was still anxious about the situation in the country.

- A friend of mine is a very anxious person.

ADJ-GRADED
= concerned

3. anxiously

- They are waiting anxiously to see who will succeed him.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

4. anxious
An anxious time or situation is one during which you feel nervous and worried.

- The Prime Minister faces anxious hours before the votes are counted tomorrow night.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= uneasy

anxious

adjective

1.

uneasy

apprehensive

concerned

fearful

in suspense

nervous

on tenterhooks

tense

troubled

worried

2.

eager

desirous

impatient

intent

itching

keen

yearning

any

[D.J.:ˈeni]

[K.K.:ˈɛni]

pron.

无论哪个, 无论哪些

adj.

任何一个(的)

一点, 一些

普通的

adv.

丝毫, 一点

any *****

1. any
You use any in statements with negative meaning to indicate that no thing or person of a particular type exists, is present, or is involved in a situation.

- I never make any big decisions.

- I'm not making any promises.

- We are doing this all without any support from the hospital.

- Earlier reports were unable to confirm that there were any survivors.

- It is too early to say what effect, if any, there will be on the workforce.

DET: DET pl-n/n-uncount

2. any
Also a quantifier.

- You don't know any of my friends.

- There was nothing you could do, nothing any of us could do.

QUANT: QUANT of def-n-uncount/def-pl-n

3. any
Also a pronoun.

- The children needed new school clothes and Kim couldn't afford any.

PRON: PRON after v

4. any
You use any in questions and conditional clauses to ask whether there is some of a particular thing or some of a particular group of people, or to suggest that there might be.

- Do you speak any foreign languages?.

- Are there any ladies in the audience?.

- Have you got any cheese I can have with this bread?

DET: DET pl-n/n-uncount

5. any
Also a quantifier.

- Introduce foods one at a time and notice if you feel uncomfortable with any of them.

- Have you ever used a homeopathic remedy for any of the following reasons?

QUANT: QUANT of def-n-uncount/def-pl-n

6. any
Also a pronoun.

- If any bright thoughts occur to you pass them straight to me. Have you got any?.

- The plants are inspected for insects and if I find any, they are squashed.

PRON: PRON after v

7. any
You use any in positive statements when you are referring to someone or something of a particular kind that might exist, occur, or be involved in a situation, when their exact identity or nature is not important.

- Any actor will tell you that it is easier to perform than to be themselves.

- I'm prepared to take any advice.

- I would overcome any weakness, any despair, any fear.

DET

8. any
Also a quantifier.

- Nealy disappeared two days ago, several miles away from any of the fighting.

- It had been the biggest mistake any of them could remember.

QUANT: QUANT of def-n-uncount/def-pl-n

9. any
Also a pronoun.

- Clean the mussels and discard any that do not close.

- ...mangoes, bananas, pineapples, pears, and grapes as delicious as any you have ever eaten.

PRON

10. any
You can also use any to emphasize a comparative adjective or adverb in a negative statement.

- I can't see things getting any easier for graduates.

- Anne's not getting any younger.

ADV: ADV compar emphasis

11. any
If you say that someone or something is not just any person or thing, you mean that they are special in some way.

- Finzer is not just any East Coast businessman.

- It's fashionable for young people to wear trainers, but not just any trainers.

PHR: PHR n

12. any
If something does not happen or is not true any more or any longer , it has stopped happening or is no longer true.

- I don't want to see her any more.

- We felt we had no home any more, no family, nothing.

- I couldn't keep the tears hidden any longer.

PHR: PHR after v

anybody

[D.J.:ˈeniˌbɔdi]

[K.K.:ˈɛniˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi]

pron.

任何人, 无论谁

anybody ***

anybody
Anybody means the same as anyone .
PRON-INDEF

anyhow

[D.J.:ˈenihau]

[K.K.:ˈɛniˌhaʊ]

adv.

不管怎样说, 无论如何, 至少

不论用何种方法, 无论从什么角度

随随便便地, 杂乱无章地

anyhow *

1. anyhow
Anyhow means the same as anyway .
ADV

2. anyhow
If you do something anyhow , you do it in a careless or untidy way.

- ...her long legs which she displayed all anyhow getting in and out of her car.

ADV: ADV after v

anymore

[D.J.:ˌeni:ˈmɔ:, -ˈməʊr]

[K.K.:ˌɛniˈmɔr, -ˈmor]

adv.

(不)再,目前, 现在, 今后

anymore **

anymore
If something does not happen or is not true anymore , it has stopped happening or is no longer true.

- I don't ride my motorbike much anymore.

- I couldn't trust him anymore.

- People are not interested in movies anymore.

ADV: ADV after v In British English, the spelling anymore is sometimes considered incorrect, and any more is used instead
= any longer

anyone

[D.J.:ˈeniwʌn]

[K.K.:ˈɛniˌwʌn, -wən]

pron.

任何人, 无论谁

anyone ****

1. anyone
You use anyone or anybody in statements with negative meaning to indicate in a general way that nobody is present or involved in an action.

- I won't tell anyone I saw you here.

- You needn't talk to anyone if you don't want to.

- He was far too scared to tell anybody.

- Presidents are not any different from anybody else; they're human beings.

PRON-INDEF The form anybody is also used

2. anyone
You use anyone or anybody in questions and conditional clauses to ask or talk about whether someone is present or doing something.

- Why would anyone want that job?.

- How can anyone look sad at an occasion like this?.

- If anyone deserves to be happy, you do.

PRON-INDEF The form anybody is also used

3. anyone
You use anyone or anybody before words which indicate the kind of person you are talking about.

- I always had been the person who achieved things before anyone else at my age.

- It's not a job for anyone who is slow with numbers.

- Anybody interested in pop culture at all should buy `Pure Cult'.

PRON-INDEF: PRON cl/group The form anybody is also used

4. anyone
You use anyone or anybody to refer to a person when you are emphasizing that it could be any person out of a very large number of people.

- Anyone could be doing what I'm doing.

- Al Smith could make anybody laugh.

PRON-INDEF The form anybody is also used emphasis

5. anyone
You use anyone who is anyone and anybody who is anybody to refer to people who are important or influential.

- It seems anyone who's anyone in business is going to the conference.

PHR The form anybody is also used

anyplace

[D.J.:ˈeni:ˌpleɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɛniˌples]

adv.

<主美><口>任何地方

anyplace

anyplace
Anyplace means the same as anywhere . (AM, INFORMAL)

- She didn't have anyplace to go.

- You can go anyplace to get the car serviced.

ADV: ADV after v

anything

[D.J.:ˈeniθiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɛniˌθɪŋ]

pron.

无论什么东西, 随便什么事情

任何东西, 任何事情绝对不

anything *****

1. anything
You use anything in statements with negative meaning to indicate in a general way that nothing is present or that an action or event does not or cannot happen.

- We can't do anything.

- Dad sat, not saying anything.

- She couldn't see or hear anything at all.

- By the time I get home, I'm too tired to do anything active.

- I couldn't manage anything without you.

PRON-INDEF: v PRON, oft PRON adj

2. anything
You use anything in questions and conditional clauses to ask or talk about whether something is present or happening.

- What happened, is anything wrong?.

- Did you find anything?.

- Is there anything you can do to help?.

- If there's anything I could do for him, I would.

PRON-INDEF: oft PRON adj

3. anything
You can use anything before words which indicate the kind of thing you are talking about.

- More than anything else, he wanted to become a teacher.

- Anything that's cheap this year will be even cheaper next year.

- She collects anything that has charm.

PRON-INDEF: PRON cl/group

4. anything
You use anything to emphasize a possible thing, event, or situation, when you are saying that it could be any one of a very large number of things.

- He is young, fresh, and ready for anything.

- At that point, anything could happen.

- He is convinced he just has to say `please' and he can have anything.

PRON-INDEF emphasis

5. anything
You use anything in expressions such as anything near , anything close to and anything like to emphasize a statement that you are making.

- Doctors have decided the only way he can live anything near a normal life is to give him an operation.

- Only Cowans played anything close to his true form.

- Plainer examples of the early period do not fetch anything like these sums.

PRON-INDEF: PRON prep emphasis

6. anything
When you do not want to be exact, you use anything to talk about a particular range of things or quantities.

- Factory farming has turned the cow into a milk machine, producing anything from 25 to 40 litres of milk per day.

- Fights with his father lasted anything between fifteen minutes and an hour.

PRON-INDEF: PRON from n to n, PRON between n and n

7. anything
You use as anything after an adjective to emphasize a quality that someone has. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- He used to be as smart as anything.

- She opened the door and jumped out, quick as anything.

PHR: adj PHR emphasis

8. anything
You use anything but in expressions such as anything but quiet and anything but attractive to emphasize that something is not the case.

- I will be anything but quiet on Saturday night!.

- There's no evidence that he anyone to say anything but the truth.

- The Los Angeles police chief was not always so insulated from politicians; anything but.

PHR: v-link PHR, usu PHR adj/n emphasis

9. anything
You can say that you would not do something for anything to emphasize that you definitely would not want to do or be a particular thing. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- I wouldn't want to move for anything in the world.

- I wouldn't have missed this summer in England for anything.

- I wouldn't be without Matthew for anything.

PHR emphasis

10. anything
You use if anything , especially after a negative statement, to introduce a statement that adds to what you have just said.

- I never had to clean up after him. If anything, he did most of the cleaning.

PHR: PHR with cl

11. anything
You can add or anything to the end of a clause or sentence in order to refer vaguely to other things that are or may be similar to what has just been mentioned. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- Listen, if you talk to him or anything make sure you let us know, will you.

- He didn't cry or scream or anything.

PHR vagueness

anytime

[D.J.:ˈeni:ˌtaɪm]

[K.K.:ˈɛniˌtaɪm]

adv.

随便什么时候

anytime *

anytime
You use anytime to mean a point in time which is not fixed or set.

- The college admits students anytime during the year.

- He can leave anytime he wants.

- He can call me anytime.

ADV-INDEF: ADV with v, oft ADV prep/cl

anyway

[D.J.:ˈeniwei]

[K.K.:ˈɛniˌwe]

adv.

不管怎样说, 无论如何, 至少

不论用何种方法, 无论从什么角度

anyway ****

1. anyway
You use anyway or anyhow to indicate that a statement explains or supports a previous point.

- I'm certain David's told you his business troubles. Anyway, it's no secret that he owes money.

- Mother certainly won't let him stay with her and anyhow he wouldn't.

ADV: ADV with cl The form anyhow is also used
= besides

2. anyway
You use anyway or anyhow to suggest that a statement is true or relevant in spite of other things that have been said.

- I don't know why I settled on Aberdeen, but anyway I did.

- I wasn't qualified to apply for the job really but I got it anyhow.

ADV: ADV with cl The form anyhow is also used

3. anyway
You use anyway or anyhow to correct or modify a statement, for example to limit it to what you definitely know to be true.

- Mary Ann doesn't want to have children. Not right now, anyway.

ADV: cl/group ADV The form anyhow is also used

4. anyway
You use anyway or anyhow to indicate that you are asking what the real situation is or what the real reason for something is.

- What do you want from me, anyway?.

- Where the hell was Bud, anyhow?

ADV: cl ADV The form anyhow is also used

5. anyway
You use anyway or anyhow to indicate that you are missing out some details in a story and are passing on to the next main point or event.

- I was told to go to Reading for this interview. It was a very amusing affair. Anyhow, I got the job.

ADV: ADV with cl The form anyhow is also used
= well

6. anyway
You use anyway or anyhow to change the topic or return to a previous topic.

- `I've got a terrible cold.' --- `Have you? Oh dear. Anyway, so you're not going to go away this weekend?'

ADV: ADV cl The form anyhow is also used
= well

7. anyway
You use anyway or anyhow to indicate that you want to end the conversation.

- `Anyway, I'd better let you have your dinner. Give our love to Francis. Bye.'.

- `Anyhow, thanks a lot. Bye bye.'

ADV: ADV cl The form anyhow is also used
= well

anyways

[D.J.:ˈeniweiz]

[K.K.:ˈɛniˌwez]

adv.

不论从任何观点,不管怎样

anyways

anyways
Anyways is a non-standard form of anyway . (AM, SPOKEN)
ADV

anywhere

[D.J.:ˈenihwɛə]

[K.K.:ˈɛniˌhwɛr, -ˌwɛr]

adv.

什么地方, 任何地方

无论何处, 随便哪里

anywhere ***

1. anywhere
You use anywhere in statements with negative meaning to indicate that a place does not exist.

- I haven't got anywhere to live.

- There had never been such a beautiful woman anywhere in the world.

ADV-INDEF: ADV after v, be ADV, oft ADV cl/group

2. anywhere
You use anywhere in questions and conditional clauses to ask or talk about a place without saying exactly where you mean.

- Did you try to get help from anywhere?.

- If she wanted to go anywhere at all she had to wait for her father to drive her.

ADV-INDEF: ADV after v, be ADV, from ADV, oft ADV cl/group

3. anywhere
You use anywhere before words that indicate the kind of place you are talking about.

- In America most leisure-time activities are about a million times better than anywhere else.

- He'll meet you anywhere you want.

- Let us know if you come across anywhere that has something special to offer.

ADV-INDEF: ADV cl/group
= anyplace

4. anywhere
You use anywhere to refer to a place when you are emphasizing that it could be any of a large number of places.

- Rachel would have known Julia Stone anywhere.

- ...jokes that are so funny they always work anywhere.

ADV-INDEF: ADV after v, be ADV emphasis

5. anywhere
When you do not want to be exact, you use anywhere to refer to a particular range of things.

- His shoes cost anywhere from $200 up.

- My visits lasted anywhere from three weeks to two months.

ADV-INDEF: ADV from/to n, ADV between pl-n, ADV up

6. anywhere
You use anywhere in expressions such as anywhere near and anywhere close to to emphasize a statement that you are making.

- There weren't anywhere near enough empty boxes.

- The only one who's anywhere close to the truth is my mother.

ADV-INDEF: ADV adj/adv emphasis

7. anywhere
If you say that someone or something is not getting anywhere or is not going anywhere , you mean that they are not making progress or achieving a satisfactory result.

- The conversation did not seem to be getting anywhere.

- I didn't see that my career as a film-maker was going anywhere.

PHR: V inflects

aorta

[D.J.:eɪˈɔ:tə]

[K.K.:eˈɔrtə]

n.

主动脉

aorta

aorta aortas
The aorta is the main artery through which blood leaves your heart before it flows through the rest of your body.
N-COUNT

apace

[D.J.:əˈpeɪs]

[K.K.:əˈpes]

adv.

急速地, 飞快地

apace

apace
If something develops or continues apace , it is developing or continuing quickly. (FORMAL)

- Land reclamation continues apace.

- The plan is proceeding apace, with another 13 superstores opened in the first half of this year.

ADV: ADV after v
= speedily swiftly

apart

[D.J.:əˈpɑ:t]

[K.K.:əˈpɑrt]

adv.

相距, 相隔

分离, 分开

apart 1 positions and states ****

(In addition to the uses shown below, apart is used in phrasal verbs such as `grow apart' and `take apart'.)

1. apart
When people or things are apart , they are some distance from each other.

- He was standing a bit apart from the rest of us, watching us.

- She saw Sheila standing some distance apart.

- Ray and sister Renee lived just 25 miles apart from each other.

- ...regions that were too far apart to have any way of knowing about each other...

- He was standing, feet apart.

ADV: ADV after v, oft ADV from n

2. apart
If two people or things move apart or are pulled apart , they move away from each other.

- John and Isabelle moved apart, back into the sun.

- He tried in vain to keep the two dogs apart before the neighbour intervened.

ADV: ADV after v

3. apart
If two people are apart , they are no longer living together or spending time together, either permanently or just for a short time.

- It was the first time Jane and I had been apart for more than a few days.

- Mum and Dad live apart.

ADV: be ADV, ADV after v

4. apart
If you take something apart , you separate it into the pieces that it is made of. If it comes or falls apart , its parts separate from each other.

- When the clock stopped he took it apart, found what was wrong, and put the whole thing together again.

- Many school buildings are unsafe, and some are falling apart.

ADV: ADV after v

5. apart
If something such as an organization or relationship falls apart , or if something tears it apart , it can no longer continue because it has serious difficulties.

- Any manager knows that his company will start falling apart if his attention wanders.

- Her marriage to film producer Michael Greenburg fell apart.

ADV: ADV after v

6. apart
If something sets someone or something apart , it makes them different from other people or things.

- What really sets Mr Thaksin apart is that he comes not from Southern China, but from northern Thailand.

- Health spending tends to rise disproportionately as countries become richer; but even adjusting for this, America is a case apart.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV

7. apart
If people or groups are a long way apart on a particular topic or issue, they have completely different views and disagree about it.

- Officials say they're so far apart on such a wide range of issues there's no telling how long the talks could drag on.

- Their concept of a performance and our concept were miles apart.

ADJ: v-link amount ADJ, oft ADJ on n

8. apart
If you can't tell two people or things apart , they look exactly the same to you.

- I can still only tell Mark and Dave apart by the colour of their shoes!.

- Free range and battery eggs, boiled for four minutes, were hard to tell apart.

PHR: V inflects, usu with brd-neg

apart 2 indicating exceptions and focusing ***

1. apart
You use apart from when you are making an exception to a general statement.

- The room was empty apart from one man seated beside the fire.

- She was the only British competitor apart from Richard Meade.

PHR-PREP
= except for

2. apart
You use apart when you are making an exception to a general statement.

- This was, New York apart, the first American city I had ever been in where people actually lived downtown.

ADV: n ADV
= excepted

3. apart
You use apart from to indicate that you are aware of one aspect of a situation, but that you are going to focus on another aspect.

- Illiteracy threatens Britain's industrial performance. But, quite apart from that, the individual who can't read or write is unlikely to get a job.

- There was always something to look forward to, apart from Rachel's visits.

PHR-PREP

4. apart
You use apart to indicate that you are aware of one aspect of a situation, but that you are going to focus on another aspect.

- That argument apart, it is for the Germans themselves to work out how their forces should come together.

ADV: n ADV
= aside

apart

adverb

1.

to pieces

asunder

in bits

in pieces

to bits

2.

separate

alone

aside

away

by oneself

isolated

to one side

apart from

3.

except for

aside from

besides

but

excluding

not counting

other than

save

apartheid

[D.J.:əˈpɑ:tˌhaɪt, -ˌheɪt]

[K.K.:əˈpɑrtˌhaɪt, -ˌhet]

n.

(以往南非的)种族隔离制度

分离；隔离

apartheid **

apartheid
Apartheid was a political system in South Africa in which people were divided into racial groups and kept apart by law.

- He praised her role in the struggle against apartheid.

- ...the anti-apartheid movement.

N-UNCOUNT

apartment

[D.J.:əˈpɑ:tmənt]

[K.K.:əˈpɑrtmənt]

n.

一套房间, 一户

厅堂, 殿堂

apartment ***

1. apartment apartments
An apartment is a set of rooms for living in, usually on one floor of a large building. (mainly AM; in BRIT use flat )

- Christina has her own apartment, with her own car.

- ...bleak cities of concrete apartment blocks.

N-COUNT

2. apartment apartments
The apartments of an important person such as a king, queen, or president are a set of large rooms which are used by them. (BRIT)

- ...the private apartments of the Prince of Wales at St James's Palace.

N-PLURAL

apartment

noun

room

accommodation

flat

living quarters

penthouse

quarters

rooms

suite

apartment building

apartment building apartment buildings
An apartment building or apartment house is a tall building which contains different apartments on different floors. (AM; in BRIT use block of flats )

- ...the Manhattan apartment house where they live.

N-COUNT also apartment house .

apathetic

[D.J.:ˌæpəˈθetɪk]

[K.K.:ˌæpəˈθɛtɪk]

adj.

无感情的；冷淡的

无兴趣的；无动于衷的

apathetically

adv.

apathetically

[D.J.:ˌæpəˈ θetɪklɪ]

[K.K.:ˌæpəˈ θ ɛtɪklɪ]

adv.

不露感情地;无动于衷地

不感兴趣地;冷淡地

apathetic

apathetic
If you describe someone as apathetic , you are criticizing them because they do not seem to be interested in or enthusiastic about doing anything.

- Even the most apathetic students are beginning to sit up and listen.

- Others feel apathetic about the candidates in both parties.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

apathetic

adjective

uninterested

cool

indifferent

passive

phlegmatic

unconcerned

apathy

[D.J.:ˈæpəθi:]

[K.K.:ˈæpəθi]

n.

漠然, 冷淡

无兴趣;无动于衷

apathy *

apathy
You can use apathy to talk about someone's state of mind if you are criticizing them because they do not seem to be interested in or enthusiastic about anything.

- They told me about isolation and public apathy.

- ...the political apathy and emotional uncertainty of young Americans.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

apathy

noun

lack of interest

coolness

indifference

inertia

nonchalance

passivity

torpor

unconcern

ape

[D.J.:eip]

[K.K.:ep]

n.

猿

vt.

模仿

ape *

1. ape apes
Apes are chimpanzees, gorillas, and other animals in the same family.

- ...the theory that man is descended from the apes.

N-COUNT

2. ape apes aping aped
If you ape someone's speech or behaviour, you imitate it.

- Modelling yourself on someone you admire is not the same as aping all they say or do.

- ...French films which merely aped Hollywood.

VB
= copy imitate

3. ape
If someone goes ape , they become very angry and upset. (INFORMAL)

- When Colonel Harper found out, he would go ape.

PHR

aperitif

[D.J.:əˌperˈti:f]

n.

(饭前饮用的)开胃酒

aperitif

aperitif aperitifs
An aperitif is an alcoholic drink that you have before a meal.

- ...a garden terrace where you can drink your aperitifs.

N-COUNT

aperture

[D.J.:ˈæpətʃə]

[K.K.:ˈæpətʃɚ]

n.

孔, 隙缝

(照相机的)光圈, 孔径

aperture *

1. aperture apertures
An aperture is a narrow hole or gap. (FORMAL)

- Through the aperture he could see daylight.

N-COUNT

2. aperture apertures
In photography, the aperture of a camera is the size of the hole through which light passes to reach the film.

- Use a small aperture and position the camera carefully.

- The camera has a 32mm lens with a maximum aperture of f/4.5 and a fixed shutter speed of 1/100sec.

N-COUNT

apex

[D.J.:ˈeɪpeks]

[K.K.:ˈepɛks]

n.

顶,顶点

尖端

<喻>顶峰;最高潮

<美><矿>脉尖,脉顶

apex

1. apex
The apex of an organization or system is the highest and most important position in it.

- At the apex of the party was its central committee.

N-SING: usu the N of n
= top

2. apex apexes
The apex of something is its pointed top or end.

- Georgeanne Woods led me up a gloomy corridor to the apex of the pyramid.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft the N of n

apex

noun

highest point

crest

crown

culmination

peak

pinnacle

point

summit

top

Apex

Apex
An Apex or an Apex ticket is a ticket for a journey by air or rail which costs less than the standard ticket, but which you have to book a specified period in advance.

- The Apex fare is £195 return.

N-SING: usu N n also APEX

aphasia

[D.J.:əˈfeɪʒə]

[K.K.:əˈfeʒə]

n.

失语症

aphasia

aphasia
Aphasia is a mental condition in which people are often unable to remember simple words or communicate. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

aphid

[D.J.:ˈeifid]

[K.K.:ˈefɪd, ˈæfɪd]

n.

蚜虫

aphid *

aphid aphids
Aphids are very small insects which live on plants and suck their juices.
N-COUNT: usu pl

aphorism

[D.J.:ˈæfəˌrɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈæfəˌrɪzəm]

n.

格言,警句

aphoristic

adj.

aphoristic

[ˌæfəˈristik]

adj.

警句(似)的,格言(似)的

aphorism

aphorism aphorisms
An aphorism is a short witty sentence which expresses a general truth or comment. (FORMAL)

- `What if they gave a war and nobody came?' was one of his generation's favored aphorisms.

N-COUNT
= witticism

aphrodisiac

[D.J.:ˌæfrəuˈdiziæk]

[K.K.:ˌæfrəˈdɪziˌæk, -ˈdizi-]

adj.

引起性欲的

n.

壮阳剂,春药

aphrodisiac

1. aphrodisiac aphrodisiacs
An aphrodisiac is a food, drink, or drug which is said to make people want to have sex.

- Asparagus is reputed to be an aphrodisiac.

N-COUNT

2. aphrodisiac
Also an adjective.

- ...plants with narcotic or aphrodisiac qualities.

ADJ-GRADED

apiece

[D.J.:əˈpi:s]

[K.K.:əˈpis]

adv.

每个;每件;每人;各

apiece *

1. apiece
If people have a particular number of things apiece , they have that number each.

- He and I had two fish apiece.

- The World Series between the Atlanta Braves and Toronto Blue Jays is tied at one game apiece.

ADV: amount ADV
= each

2. apiece
If a number of similar things are for sale at a certain price apiece , that is the price for each one of them.

- Entire roast chickens were sixty cents apiece.

ADV: amount ADV
= each

apiece

adverb

each

for each

from each

individually

respectively

separately

to each

aplenty

[D.J.:əˈplenti]

[K.K.:əˈplɛnti]

adj. adv.

丰富的[地]

aplenty

aplenty
If you have something aplenty , you have a lot of it. (LITERARY)

- There were problems aplenty, and it was an uncomfortable evening.

ADV: n ADV

aplomb

[D.J.:əˈplɔm, əˈplʌm]

[K.K.:əˈplɑm, əˈplʌm]

n.

自信；沉着；泰然自若

aplomb

aplomb
If you do something with aplomb , you do it with confidence in a relaxed way. (FORMAL)

- The whole cast executed the production with truly professional aplomb.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with N
= poise

aplomb

noun

self-possession

calmness

composure

confidence

level-headedness

poise

sang-froid

self-assurance

self-confidence

apocalypse

[D.J.:əˈpɔkəlips]

[K.K.:əˈpɑkəˌlɪps]

n.

(尤指世界末日的)启示, 天启

apocalypse *

apocalypse
The apocalypse is the total destruction and end of the world.

- We live in the shadow of the apocalypse, of a catastrophe that will mean the end of the world itself.

N-SING: usu the N

apocalyptic

[D.J.:əˌpɔkəˈlɪptɪk]

[K.K.:əˌpɑkəˈlɪptɪk]

adj.

预言将来的大灾难的

(犹如)世界末日的

启示性的，预示性的

apocalyptic *

1. apocalyptic
Apocalyptic means relating to the total destruction of something, especially of the world.

- A young Mongolian journalist saw the news from Moscow in apocalyptic terms.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. apocalyptic
Apocalyptic means relating to or involving predictions about future disasters and the destruction of the world.

- The Bible's Book of Revelation is an apocalyptic vision about the second coming of Christ.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

apocryphal

[D.J.:əˈpɔkrəfəl]

[K.K.:əˈpɑkrəfəl]

adj.

真实性可疑的

伪造的,杜撰的

作者不明的

次经的；新约外传的

apocryphal

apocryphal
An apocryphal story is one which is probably not true or did not happen, but which may give a true picture of someone or something.

- This may well be an apocryphal story.

- There is a story, probably apocryphal, about a British motorcyclist on holiday in America.

ADJ

apocryphal

adjective

dubious

doubtful

legendary

mythical

questionable

unauthenticated

unsubstantiated

apogee

[D.J.:ˈæpədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˈæpədʒi]

n.

最高点

远地点

apogee

apogee
The apogee of something such as a culture or a business is its highest or its greatest point. (FORMAL)

- The Alliance for Progress reached its apogee during the first half of the decade.

N-SING: with supp
= apex peak

apolitical

[D.J.:ˌeɪpəˈlɪtɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌepəˈlɪtɪkəl]

adj.

对政治不感兴趣的,与政治无关的

无政治意义的

apolitical

1. apolitical
Someone who is apolitical is not interested in politics.

- As a musician, you cannot be apolitical.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ political

2. apolitical
If you describe an organization or an activity as apolitical , you mean that it is not linked to a particular political party.

- ...the normally apolitical European Commission...

- Others maintain the violence is apolitical and the perpetrators are just gangs bent on defying authority.

ADJ

apologetic

[D.J.:əˌpɔləˈdʒetɪk]

[K.K.:əˌpɑləˈdʒɛtɪk]

adj.

道歉的,抱歉的

惭愧的;愧悔的

辩解的,辩护的

n.

(为事业、信仰等所作的)辩护(书)

apologetically

adv.

抱歉地

apologetically

[D.J.:əˌp ɔləˈd ʒetɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:əˌp ɑləˈd ʒ ɛtɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

道歉地,认错地;辩解地

apologetic *

1. apologetic
If you are apologetic , you show or say that you are sorry for causing trouble for someone, for hurting them, or for disappointing them.

- The hospital staff were very apologetic but that couldn't really compensate.

- They were almost apologetic about the improvements they'd made.

- `I don't follow football,' she said with an apologetic smile.

ADJ-GRADED

2. apologetically

- `It's of no great literary merit,' he said, almost apologetically.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

apologetic

adjective

regretful

contrite

penitent

remorseful

rueful

sorry

apologia

[D.J.:ˌæpəˈləudʒiə]

[K.K.:ˌæpəˈlodʒiə, -dʒə]

n.

辩解文,辩解书

apologia

apologia apologias
An apologia is a statement in which you defend something that you strongly believe in, for example a way of life, a person's behaviour, or a philosophy. (FORMAL)

- The left have seen the work as an apologia for privilege and property.

N-COUNT: usu sing

apologist

[D.J.:əˈpɔlədʒɪst]

[K.K.:əˈpɑlədʒɪst]

n.

辩解者；辩护士

护教论者

apologist

apologist apologists
An apologist is a person who writes or speaks in defence of a belief, a cause, or a person's life. (FORMAL)

- `I am no apologist for Hitler,' observed Pyat.

- ...the great Christian apologist Origen.

N-COUNT

apologize

[D.J.:əˈpɔlədʒaiz]

[K.K.:əˈpɑləˌdʒaɪz]

vt. & vi.

道歉

apologized

v.

道歉

apologize **

apologize apologizes apologizing apologized
When you apologize to someone, you say that you are sorry that you have hurt them or caused trouble for them. You can say ` I apologize ' as a formal way of saying sorry.

- Two years ago, Congress formally apologized for the internment.

- I apologize for being late, but I have just had a message from the hospital.

- Costello later apologized, saying he'd been annoyed by the man.

- He apologized to the people who had been affected.

VB (BRIT) also apologise

apologize

verb

say sorry

ask forgiveness

beg pardon

express regret

apology

[D.J.:əˈpɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:əˈpɑlədʒi]

n.

道歉, 认错, 愧悔

apology **

1. apology apologies
An apology is something that you say or write in order to tell someone that you are sorry that you have hurt them or caused trouble for them.

- I didn't get an apology.

- We received a letter of apology.

- He made a public apology for the team's performance.

N-VAR

2. apology apologies
If you offer or make your apologies , you apologize. (FORMAL)

- His mother offered her apologies to the Jones family.

- When Mary finally appeared, she made her apologies to Mrs Madrigal.

N-PLURAL: usu poss N

3. apology
If you say that you make no apologies for what you have done, you are emphasizing that you feel that you have done nothing wrong.

- It was a battling performance and I make no apologies for the way we played.

PHR: V inflects

apology

noun

1.

defence

acknowledgment

confession

excuse

explanation

justification

plea

an apology for

2.

mockery

caricature

excuse

imitation

travesty

apoplectic

[D.J.:ˌæpəˈplektɪk]

[K.K.:ˌæpəˈplɛktɪk]

adj.

激动的；愤怒得脸发红的

中风的

n.

中风患者

apoplectically

adv.

apoplectic

apoplectic
If someone is apoplectic , they are extremely angry about something. (FORMAL)

- It's enough to make them choke with apoplectic rage.

- My father was apoplectic when he discovered the truth.

ADJ
= furious incensed

apoplexy

[D.J.:ˈæpəˌpleksi:]

[K.K.:ˈæpəˌplɛksi]

n.

中风

apoplexy

1. apoplexy
Apoplexy is a heart attack. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-UNCOUNT

2. apoplexy
Apoplexy is extreme anger. (FORMAL)

- He has already caused apoplexy with his books on class and on war.

N-UNCOUNT

apostasy

[D.J.:əˈpɔstəsi:]

[K.K.:əˈpɑstəsi]

n.

背信,变节,叛教

apostasy

apostasy
If someone is accused of apostasy , they are accused of abandoning their religious faith, political loyalties, or principles. (FORMAL)

- ...a charge of apostasy.

N-UNCOUNT

apostate

[D.J.:əˈpɔsˌteɪt, -tɪt]

[K.K.:əˈpɑsˌtet, -tɪt]

n.

放弃原来信仰的人，叛教者;脱党者;反叛者

adj.

放弃信仰的;脱党的;变节的

apostate

apostate apostates
An apostate is someone who has abandoned their religious faith, political loyalties, or principles. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= renegade defector ≠ follower

apostle

[D.J.:əˈpɔsəl]

[K.K.:əˈpɑsəl]

n.

(A-)(基督教的)使徒;十二个门徒之一;传道先驱者

早期基督教的传教士

(改革运动的)倡导者

摩门教教会的十二个行政执事之一

apostle

1. apostle apostles
The apostles were the followers of Jesus Christ who went from place to place telling people about him and trying to persuade them to become Christians.

- ...the twelve apostles.

N-COUNT
= disciples

2. apostle apostles
An apostle of a particular philosophy, policy, or cause is someone who strongly believes in it and works hard to promote it.

- Even though we present ourselves as the apostles of free trade, we still protect our producers in many ways.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= defender

apostle

noun

1.

evangelist

herald

messenger

missionary

preacher

2.

supporter

advocate

champion

pioneer

propagandist

proponent

Apostolic

1. Apostolic
Apostolic means belonging or relating to a Christian religious leader, especially the Pope.

- He was appointed Apostolic Administrator of Minsk by Pope John Paul II.

ADJ

2. Apostolic
Apostolic means belonging or relating to the early followers of Christ and to their teaching.

- He saw his vocation as one of prayer and apostolic work.

ADJ

apostrophe

[D.J.:əˈpɔstrəfi:]

[K.K.:əˈpɑstrəfi]

n.

撇号；省略符号；所有格符号

<语>呼语

apostrophe

apostrophe apostrophes
An apostrophe is the mark ' when it is written to indicate that one or more letters have been left out of a word, as in `isn't' and `we'll'. It is also added to nouns to form possessives, as in `Mike's car'; see also 's .
N-COUNT

apothecary

[D.J.:əˈpɔθɪˌkeri:]

[K.K.:əˈpɑθɪˌkɛri]

n.

药剂师；药店

apothecary

apothecary apothecaries
An apothecary was a person who prepared medicines for people. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

apotheosis

[D.J.:əˌpɔθi:ˈəʊsɪs, ˌæpəˈθi:əsɪs]

[K.K.:əˌpɑθiˈosɪs, ˌæpəˈθiəsɪs]

n.

尊为神圣；神化

美化；颂扬

顶峰；完美的典型

apotheosis

1. apotheosis
If something is the apotheosis of something else, it is an ideal or typical example of it. (FORMAL)

- The Oriental in Bangkok is the apotheosis of the grand hotel.

N-SING: oft N of n
= epitome

2. apotheosis
If you describe an event or a time as someone's apotheosis , you mean that it was the high point in their career or their life. (FORMAL)

- This was the time of Elizabeth Taylor's apotheosis.

N-SING: with poss

apotheosis

noun

deification

elevation

exaltation

glorification

idealization

idolization

appal

[D.J.:əˈpɔ:l]

[K.K.:əˈpɔl]

vt.

使惊骇; 使充满恐惧

appalling

[D.J.:əˈpɔ:liŋ]

adj.

骇人听闻的

极糟的, 很严重的

appallingly

[əˈpɔ:liŋli]

adv.

令人毛骨悚然地

appal **

appal appals appalling appalled
If something appals you, it disgusts you because it seems so bad or unpleasant.

- The new-found strength of Hindu militancy appals many observers.

- My wife now looks like her mother, which appals me.

VB (AM) appall
= horrify

appalled *

appalled
If you are appalled by something, you are shocked or disgusted because it is so bad or unpleasant.

- She said that the Americans are appalled at the statements made at the conference.

- We are all, of course, appalled that such items are still on sale in the shops.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ by/at n
= horrified

appalling **

1. appalling
Something that is appalling is so bad or unpleasant that it shocks you.

- They have been living under the most appalling conditions for two months.

ADJ-GRADED
= dreadful

2. appallingly

- He says that he understands why they behaved so appallingly.

- The detection rate for racial crimes is appallingly low.

ADV-GRADED

3. appalling
You can use appalling to emphasize that something is very great or severe.

- I developed an appalling headache.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis

4. appallingly

- It's been an appallingly busy morning.

ADV-GRADED

appal

verb

horrify

alarm

daunt

dishearten

dismay

frighten

outrage

shock

unnerve

appalling

adjective

horrifying

alarming

awful

daunting

dreadful

fearful

frightful

horrible

shocking

terrifying

apparatchik

[D.J.:ˌæpəˈrɑ:tʃik]

[K.K.:ˌɑpəˈrɑtʃɪk]

n.

〈俄〉①(共产党)党组织成员(或官员)②〈贬〉(对上级或组织盲目服从的)统治机器工作人员；官僚

apparatchik

apparatchik apparatchiks
An apparatchik is someone who works for a government or a political party and who always obeys orders. (FORMAL)

- Political party apparatchiks are appointed to every office of social authority.

N-COUNT disapproval

apparatus

[D.J.:ˌæpəˈreitəs]

[K.K.:ˌæpəˈretəs, -ˈrætəs]

n.

运动器械, 器具, 仪器

机构, 组织

器官

apparatus *

1. apparatus apparatuses
The apparatus of an organization or system is its structure and method of operation.

- For many years, the country had been buried under the apparatus of the regime.

- ...a massive bureaucratic apparatus.

N-VAR: with supp

2. apparatus apparatuses
Apparatus is the equipment, such as tools and machines, which is used to do a particular job or activity.

- One of the boys had to be rescued by firemen wearing breathing apparatus.

N-VAR: oft supp N

apparatus

noun

1.

equipment

appliance

contraption informal

device

gear

machinery

mechanism

tackle

tools

2.

organization

bureaucracy

chain of command

hierarchy

network

setup informal

structure

system

apparel

[D.J.:əˈpærəl]

[K.K.:əˈpærəl]

n.

衣服, 服装

外观；外表

覆盖物

vt.

给...穿衣服(尤指华丽或特殊的服装)

apparel *

apparel
Apparel means clothes, especially formal clothes worn on an important occasion. (mainly AM, FORMAL)

- Women's apparel is offered in petite, regular, and tall models.

N-UNCOUNT
= clothing

apparent

[D.J.:əˈpærənt]

[K.K.:əˈpærənt, əˈpɛr-]

adj.

显然的, 明白的, 清晰可见的

表面上的, 貌似(真实)的

apparent ***

1. apparent
An apparent situation, quality, or feeling seems to exist, although you cannot be certain that it does exist.

- I was a bit depressed by our apparent lack of progress.

- There is at last an apparent end to the destructive price war.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. apparent
If something is apparent to you, it is clear and obvious to you.

- It has been apparent that in other areas standards have held up well.

- The presence of a star is already apparent in the early film.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ that
= clear

3. apparent
If you say that something happens for no apparent reason , you cannot understand why it happens.

- The person may become dizzy for no apparent reason.

PHR

apparent

adjective

1.

obvious

discernible

distinct

evident

manifest

marked

unmistakable

visible

2.

seeming

ostensible

outward

superficial

apparently

[D.J.:əˈpærəntlɪ]

[K.K.:əˈpærəntlɪ]

adv.

显然地

表面上,似乎

apparently ****

1. apparently
You use apparently to indicate that the information you are giving is something that you have heard, but you are not certain that it is true.

- Apparently the girls are not at all amused by the whole business.

- Oil prices fell this week to their lowest level in fourteen months, apparently because of over-production.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV before v vagueness

2. apparently
You use apparently to refer to something that seems to be true, although you are not sure whether it is or not.

- The recent deterioration has been caused by an apparently endless recession.

- Rudolph said no more. Apparently he was a man of few words.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV before v

apparently

adverb

it appears that

it seems that

on the face of it

ostensibly

outwardly

seemingly

superficially

apparition

[D.J.:ˌæpəˈrɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæpəˈrɪʃən]

n.

特异景象

幽灵;鬼

(特异景象等的)出现

(行星、彗星等隐没后的)初现

apparition

apparition apparitions
An apparition is someone you see or think you see but who is not really there as a physical being. (FORMAL)

- The patient recognized one of the women as the apparition she had seen.

- ...these apparitions of the Virgin.

N-COUNT

apparition

noun

ghost

chimera

phantom

spectre

spirit

wraith

appeal

[D.J.:əˈpi:l]

[K.K.:əˈpil]

n.

呼吁, 恳求

感染力, 吸引力

vi.

呼吁

有吸引力

vt. & vi.

上诉

appealing

[D.J.:əˈpi:lɪŋ]

[K.K.:əˈpilɪŋ]

adj.

上诉的

哀求的

有魅力的;动人的；吸引人的

appealingly

adv.

上诉地,哀求地

appeal ****

1. appeal appeals appealing appealed
If you appeal to someone to do something, you make a serious and urgent request to them.

- Deng Xiaoping recently appealed for students to return to China.

- He will appeal to the state for an extension of unemployment benefits.

- The United Nations has appealed for help from the international community.

VB

2. appeal appeals
An appeal is a serious and urgent request.

- He has a message from King Fahd, believed to be an appeal for Arab unity.

- Romania's government issued a last-minute appeal to him to call off his trip.

N-COUNT: oft N for/to n, N to-inf
= petition

3. appeal appeals
An appeal is an attempt to raise money for a charity or for a good cause.

- ...an appeal to save a library containing priceless manuscripts...

- This is not another appeal for famine relief.

N-COUNT: oft N to-inf, N for n

4. appeal appeals appealing appealed
If you appeal to someone in authority against a decision, you formally ask them to change it. In British English, you appeal against something. In American English, you appeal something.

- He said they would appeal against the decision.

- We intend to appeal the verdict.

- Maguire has appealed to the Supreme Court to stop her extradition.

VB

5. appeal appeals
An appeal is a formal request for a decision to be changed.

- Heath's appeal against the sentence was later successful.

- The jury agreed with her, but she lost the case on appeal.

N-VAR
See also court of appeal .

6. appeal appeals appealing appealed
If something appeals to you, you find it attractive or interesting.

- On the other hand, the idea appealed to him.

- The range has long appealed to all tastes.

VB

7. appeal
The appeal of something is a quality that it has which people find attractive or interesting.

- Its new title was meant to give the party greater public appeal.

- Johnson's appeal is to people in all walks of life.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp
= attraction

See also sex appeal .

appealing *

1. appealing
Someone or something that is appealing is pleasing and attractive.

- There was a sense of humour to what he did that I found very appealing.

- That's a very appealing idea.

ADJ-GRADED
= attractive ≠ unappealing

2. appealingly

- Irish whiskeys, rather like the Irish themselves, have an appealingly direct charm about them.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed, ADV after v

3. appealing
An appealing expression or tone of voice indicates to someone that you want help, advice, or approval.

- She gave him a soft appealing look that would have melted solid ice.

ADJ
= enticing

4. appealingly

- Dena looked appealingly at Blair, hoping to hear a contrary opinion.

ADV: ADV after v

appeal

verb

1.

plead

ask

beg

call upon

entreat

pray

request

2.

attract

allure

charm

entice

fascinate

interest

please

tempt

noun

3.

plea

application

entreaty

petition

prayer

request

supplication

4.

attraction

allure

beauty

charm

fascination

appealing

adjective

attractive

alluring

charming

desirable

engaging

winsome

appeal court

appeal court appeal courts
An appeal court is the same as a court of appeal .
N-COUNT

appeal tribunal

appeal tribunal appeal tribunals
An appeal tribunal is a special court or committee that is formed to reconsider a decision made by another court or committee.
N-COUNT

appear

[D.J.:əˈpiə]

[K.K.:əˈpɪr]

vi.

出现, 显现

产生, 出版

link v.

显得, 似乎

appeared

出现,出席,发表

appearing

版面高度

appear *****

1. appear appears appeared
If you say that something appears to be the way you describe it, you are reporting what you believe or what you have been told, though you cannot be sure it is true.

- There appears to be increasing support for the leadership to take a more aggressive stance.

- The aircraft appears to have crashed near Katmandu.

- It appears that some missiles have been moved.

- It appears unlikely that the UN would consider making such a move.

- The presidency is beginning to appear a political irrelevance.

- Nine months later, those talks appear as distant as ever.

- He appeared willing to reach an agreement.

V-LINK: no cont vagueness
= seem

2. appear appears appeared
If someone or something appears to have a particular quality or characteristic, they give the impression of having that quality or characteristic.

- She did her best to appear more self-assured than she felt.

- He is anxious to appear a gentleman.

- Under stress these people will appear to be superficial, over-eager and manipulative.

V-LINK: no cont
= seem

3. appear appears appearing appeared
When someone or something appears , they move into a position where you can see them.

- A woman appeared at the far end of the street.

- Last night some of the prisoners appeared on the roof.

VB

4. appear appears appearing appeared
When something new appears , it begins to exist or reaches a stage of development where its existence can be noticed.

- ...small white flowers which appear in early summer.

- ...a test which can reveal infection at an early stage, before symptoms appear...

- Slogans have appeared on walls around the city.

VB

5. appear appears appearing appeared
When something such as a book appears , it is published or becomes available for people to buy.

- I could hardly wait for `Boys' World' to appear each month.

- ...a poem which appeared in his last collection of verse.

VB

6. appear appears appearing appeared
When someone appears in something such as a play, a show, or a television programme, they take part in it.

- Jill Bennett became John Osborne's fourth wife, and appeared in several of his plays.

- Student leaders appeared on television to ask for calm.

VB

7. appear appears appearing appeared
When someone appears before a court of law or before an official committee, they go there in order to answer charges or to give information as a witness.

- Two other executives appeared at Worthing Magistrates' Court charged with tax fraud.

- The American will appear before members of the disciplinary committee at Portman Square.

VB

appear

verb

1.

come into view

be present

come out

come to light

crop up informal

emerge

occur

show up informal

surface

turn up

2.

look (like or as if)

occur

seem

strike one as

appearance

[D.J.:əˈpiərəns]

[K.K.:əˈpɪrəns]

n.

出现, 显露, 露面

外观, 外貌, 外表

appearance ****

1. appearance appearances
When someone makes an appearance at a public event or in a broadcast, they take part in it.

- It was the president's second public appearance to date.

- Keegan made 68 appearances in two seasons for Southampton, scoring 37 times.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft supp N

2. appearance
Someone's or something's appearance is the way that they look.

- She used to be so fussy about her appearance.

- He had the appearance of a college student.

- A flat-roofed extension will add nothing to the value or appearance of the house.

N-SING: with supp

3. appearance
The appearance of someone or something in a place is their arrival there, especially when it is unexpected.

- The sudden appearance of a few bags of rice could start a riot.

- ...last Christmas, when there'd been the welcome appearance of Cousin Fred.

N-SING: with supp, oft N of n

4. appearance
The appearance of something new is its coming into existence or use.

- Flowering plants were making their first appearance, but were still a rarity.

- Fears are growing of a cholera outbreak following the appearance of a number of cases in the city.

N-SING: with supp, oft N of n

5. appearance
If something has the appearance of a quality, it seems to have that quality.

- We tried to meet both children's needs without the appearance of favoritism or unfairness.

- The US president risked giving the appearance that the US was taking sides.

N-SING: with supp

6. appearance
If something is true to all appearances , from all appearances , or by all appearances , it seems from what you observe or know about it that it is true.

- He was a small and to all appearances an unassuming man.

PHR: PHR with cl/group

7. appearance
If you keep up appearances , you try to behave and dress in a way that people expect of you, even if you can no longer afford it.

- His parents' obsession with keeping up appearances haunted his childhood.

PHR: V inflects

8. appearance
If you put in an appearance at an event, you go to it for a short time although you may not really want to, but do not stay.

- You must put in an appearance, at least, or she'll think you're avoiding her.

PHR: V inflects
= show your face

appearance

noun

1.

arrival

coming

emergence

introduction

presence

2.

look

demeanour

expression

figure

form

looks

manner

mien literary

3.

impression

front

guise

illusion

image

outward show

pretence

semblance

appearance money

appearance money
Appearance money is money paid to a famous person such as a sports star or film star for taking part in a public event.
N-UNCOUNT

appease

[D.J.:əˈpi:z]

[K.K.:əˈpiz]

vt.

使平息; 使满足

appeaser

n.

劝解人

appease *

1. appease appeases appeasing appeased
If you try to appease someone, you try to stop them from being angry by giving them what they want.

- Gandhi was accused by some of trying to appease both factions of the electorate.

- The offer has not appeased separatists.

VB disapproval
= placate

2. appeaser appeasers

- Not many such appeasers were left in 1941.

N-COUNT

appease

verb

1.

pacify

calm

conciliate

mollify

placate

quiet

satisfy

soothe

2.

ease

allay

alleviate

calm

relieve

soothe

appeasement

[D.J.:əˈpi:zmənt]

[K.K.:əˈpizmənt]

n.

平息;缓和;满足;姑息

姑息政策;绥靖主义

appeasement *

appeasement
Appeasement means giving people what they want to prevent them from harming you or being angry with you. (FORMAL)

- He denied there is a policy of appeasement.

- They have already been accused of appeasement by more militant organisations.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

appeasement

noun

1.

pacification

accommodation

compromise

concession

conciliation

mollification

placation

2.

easing

alleviation

lessening

relieving

soothing

appellant

[D.J.:əˈpelənt]

[K.K.:əˈpɛlənt]

n.

上诉人

appellant

appellant appellants
An appellant is someone who is appealing against a court's decision after they have been judged guilty of a crime. (LEGAL)

- The Court of Appeal upheld the appellants' convictions.

N-COUNT

appellate court

appellate court appellate courts
In the United States, an appellate court is a special court where people who have been convicted of a crime can appeal against their conviction. (AM; in BRIT use court of appeal )

- A racially mixed jury in Miami convicted Lozano of manslaughter, but an appellate court overturned the convictions.

N-COUNT

appellation

[D.J.:ˌæpəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæpəˈleʃən]

n.

<正>名称,称号

appellation *

appellation appellations
An appellation is a name or title that a person, place, or thing is given. (FORMAL)

- His critics called him `the King of Pork'. Burdick never minded the appellation.

N-COUNT
= epithet

append

[D.J.:əˈpend]

[K.K.:əˈpɛnd]

vt.

附加；添加

贴上,挂上

签(名),盖(章)

append

append appends appending appended
When you append something to something else, especially a piece of writing, you attach it or add it to the end of it. (FORMAL)

- Violet appended a note at the end of the letter.

- It was a relief that his real name hadn't been appended to the manuscript.

VB

appendage

[D.J.:əˈpendɪdʒ]

[K.K.:əˈpɛndɪdʒ]

n.

附属物

依附的人

<生>附属器官,附属肢体(如臂、腿、尾等)

appendages

附件

appendage

appendage appendages
An appendage is something that is joined to or connected with something larger or more important. (FORMAL)

- Upon marriage she automatically lost most of her legal rights and became an appendage of her husband.

- Macmillan must have loathed being judged as a mere appendage to domestic politics.

N-COUNT: oft N of/to n

appendage

noun

attachment

accessory

addition

supplement

appendices

[D.J.:əˈpendɪˌsi:z]

[K.K.:əˈpɛndɪˌsiz]

附录,附属品,阑尾

appendix

[D.J.:əˈpendiks]

[K.K.:əˈpɛndɪks]

n.

附录

阑尾

appendices

appendices
Appendices is a plural form of appendix . (mainly BRIT)

appendix *

1. appendix appendices
Your appendix is a small closed tube inside your body which is attached to your digestive system.

- ...a burst appendix.

N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) appendixes

2. appendix appendices
An appendix to a book is extra information that is placed after the end of the main text.
N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) appendixes

appendix

noun

supplement

addendum

addition

adjunct

appendage

postscript

appendicitis

[D.J.:əˌpendɪˈsaɪtɪs]

[K.K.:əˌpɛndɪˈsaɪtɪs]

n.

阑尾炎

appendicitis

appendicitis
Appendicitis is an illness in which a person's appendix is infected and painful.

- He is recovering in hospital after an operation for acute appendicitis.

N-UNCOUNT

appetite

[D.J.:ˈæpitait]

[K.K.:ˈæpɪˌtaɪt]

n.

欲望

胃口, 食欲

appetite **

1. appetite appetites
Your appetite is your desire to eat.

- He has a healthy appetite.

- Symptoms are a slight fever, headache and loss of appetite.

N-VAR

2. appetite appetites
Someone's appetite for something is their strong desire for it.

- ...his appetite for success.

- ...Americans' growing appetite for scandal...

- She gave him just enough information to whet his appetite.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

appetite

noun

desire

craving

demand

hunger

liking

longing

passion

relish

stomach

taste

yearning

appetizer

[D.J.:ˈæpɪˌtaɪzə]

[K.K.:ˈæpɪˌtaɪzɚ]

n.

开胃品

促进食欲的活动

刺激欲望的东西；吊胃口的东西

appetizer

appetizer appetizers
An appetizer is the first course of a meal. It consists of a small amount of food.

- Seafood soup is a good appetizer.

N-COUNT (BRIT) also appetiser

appetizing

[D.J.:ˈæpɪˌtaɪzɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈæpɪˌtaɪzɪŋ]

adj.

促进食欲的, 开胃的

鲜美的；诱人的

appetizing

1. appetizing
Appetizing food looks and smells good, so that you want to eat it.

- ...the appetising smell of freshly baked bread...

- Kippers are dyed yellow to make them more appetizing.

ADJ-GRADED (BRIT) also appetising

2. appetizingly

- The tables were simply and appetisingly laid out.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed

appetizing

adjective

delicious

appealing

inviting

mouthwatering

palatable

succulent

tasty

tempting

applaud

[D.J.:əˈplɔ:d]

[K.K.:əˈplɔd]

vt.

鼓掌

称赞, 赞许

applaud **

1. applaud applauds applauding applauded
When a group of people applaud , they clap their hands in order to show approval, for example when they have enjoyed a play or concert.

- The audience laughed and applauded.

- Every person stood to applaud his unforgettable act of courage.

VB

2. applaud applauds applauding applauded
When an attitude or action is applauded , people praise it.

- He should be applauded for his courage.

- This last move can only be applauded.

- She applauds the fact that they are promoting new ideas.

VB

applaud

verb

clap

acclaim

approve

cheer

commend

compliment

encourage

extol

praise

applause

[D.J.:əˈplɔ:z]

[K.K.:əˈplɔz]

n.

热烈鼓掌, 喝彩

applause **

applause
Applause is the noise made by a group of people clapping their hands to show approval.

- They greeted him with thunderous applause.

- ...a round of applause.

N-UNCOUNT

applause

noun

ovation

accolade

approval

big hand

cheers

clapping

hand

praise

apple

[D.J.:ˈæpl]

[K.K.:ˈæpəl]

n.

苹果; 苹果树

apple ***

1. apple apples
An apple is a round fruit with smooth green, yellow, or red skin and firm white flesh.

- I want an apple.

- ...2kg cooking apples.

- ...his ongoing search for the finest varieties of apple.

- ...a large garden with apple trees in it.

N-VAR
See also Adam's apple , Big Apple , crab apple .

2. apple
If you say that someone is the apple of your eye , you mean that they are very important to you and you are extremely fond of them.

- Penny's only son was the apple of her eye.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

applecart

[ˈæplkɑ:t]

n.

苹果车

applecart

applecart
If you upset the applecart , you do something which causes a plan, system, or arrangement to go wrong.

- They may also be friends of the chairman, so they are reluctant to upset the applecart.

PHR: V inflects

apple pie

1. apple pie apple pies
An apple pie is a kind of pie made with apples.
N-COUNT

2. apple pie
If a room or a desk is in apple pie order , it is neat and tidy, and everything is where it should be.

- They found everything in apple-pie order.

PHR: v-link PHR

3. apple pie
If you say that something is as American as apple pie , you mean that it is typically American.

- Jeans are as American as apple pie.

PHR: v-link PHR

apple sauce

apple sauce
Apple sauce is a type of sauce made from pur´eed cooked apples.
N-UNCOUNT The spelling applesauce is also used, especially in American English

applet

Java的程序

applet

applet applets
An applet is a computer program which is contained within a page on the World Wide Web, and which transfers itself to your computer and runs automatically while you are looking at that Web page.
N-COUNT

appliance

[D.J.:əˈplaiəns]

[K.K.:əˈplaɪəns]

n.

器具, 器械, 装置

appliance **

1. appliance appliances
An appliance is a device or machine in your home that you use to do a job such as cleaning or cooking. Appliances are often electrical. (FORMAL)

- He could also learn to use the vacuum cleaner, the washing machine and other household appliances.

- ...Maytag, one of America's biggest domestic appliance manufacturers.

N-COUNT

2. appliance
The appliance of a skill or of knowledge is its use for a particular purpose.

- They were the result of the intellectual appliance of science.

N-SING: usu N of n

appliance

noun

device

apparatus

gadget

implement

instrument

machine

mechanism

tool

applicability

[ˌæplikəˈbiləti]

n.

适用性,适应性

applicable

[D.J.:ˈæplikəbl]

[K.K.:ˈæplɪkəbəl, əˈplɪkə-]

adj.

适当的; 合适的

applicable *

1. applicable
Something that is applicable to a particular situation is relevant to it or can be applied to it.

- What is a reasonable standard for one family is not applicable for another.

- It should include a review of energy usage and, where applicable, the production and disposal of waste.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n
= relevant

2. applicability

- Piaget himself wrote relatively little about the applicability of his theories to education.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= relevance

applicable

adjective

appropriate

apt

fitting

pertinent

relevant

suitable

useful

applicant

[D.J.:ˈæplikənt]

[K.K.:ˈæplɪkənt]

n.

申请人, 求职人

applicant **

applicant applicants
An applicant for something such as a job or a place at a college is someone who makes a formal written request to be given it.
N-COUNT

applicant

noun

candidate

claimant

inquirer

application

[D.J.:ˌæpliˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæplɪˈkeʃən]

n.

申请, 申请表, 申请书

实际应用, 用途

施用, 敷用, 涂抹

applications

应用,应用软件

application ***

1. application applications
An application for something such as a job or membership of an organization is a formal written request for it.

- His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.

- ...Turkey's application to join the European Community...

- Applications should be submitted as early as possible.

- Tickets are available on application.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N for n, N to-inf, also on/upon N

2. application applications
The application of a rule or piece of knowledge is the use of it in a particular situation.

- Students learned the practical application of the theory they had learned in the classroom.

- Simon's book provides a succinct outline of artificial intelligence and its application to robotics.

N-VAR: oft N of/to n

3. application applications
In computing, an application is a piece of software designed to carry out a particular task.
N-COUNT

4. application
Application is hard work and concentration on what you are doing over a period of time.

- ...his immense talent, boundless energy and unremitting application.

N-UNCOUNT
= diligence

5. application applications
The application of something to a surface is the act or process of putting it on or rubbing it into the surface.

- With repeated applications of weedkiller, the weeds were overcome.

N-VAR: oft N of n

application

noun

1.

request

appeal

claim

inquiry

petition

requisition

2.

effort

commitment

dedication

diligence

hard work

industry

perseverance

applicator

[D.J.:ˈæplikeitə]

[K.K.:ˈæplɪˌketɚ]

n.

敷抹器

applicator

applicator applicators
An applicator is a device that you use to put something somewhere when you do not want to touch it or do it with your hands.
N-COUNT

applied

[D.J.:əˈplaɪd]

[K.K.:əˈplaɪd]

adj.

(尤指某种科学)应用的；实用的

apply

[D.J.:əˈplai]

[K.K.:əˈplaɪ]

vt.

应用; 使用; 敷, 涂

使刻苦努力; 致力于

vt. & vi.

申请, 请求; 适用

applied

applied
An applied subject of study has a practical use, rather than being concerned only with theory.

- ...Applied Physics.

- ...plans to put more money into applied research.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ pure

apply ****

1. apply applies applying applied
If you apply for something such as a job or membership of an organization, you write a letter or fill in a form in order to ask formally for it.

- I am continuing to apply for jobs.

- They may apply to join the organization.

VB

2. apply applies applying applied
If you apply yourself to something or apply your mind to something, you concentrate hard on doing it or on thinking about it.

- Faulks has applied himself to this task with considerable energy.

- In spare moments he applied his mind to how rockets could be used to make money.

VB

3. apply applies applied
If something such as a rule or a remark applies to a person or in a situation, it is relevant to the person or the situation.

- The convention does not apply to us.

- The rule applies where a person owns stock in a corporation.

VB: no cont

4. apply applies applying applied
If you apply something such as a rule, system, or skill, you use it in a situation or activity.

- The Government appears to be applying the same principle.

- His project is concerned with applying the technology to practical business problems.

VB

5. apply applies applying applied
A name that is applied to someone or something is used to refer to them.

- ...a biological term which cannot be applied to a whole culture.

VB

6. apply applies applying applied
If you apply something to a surface, you put it on or rub it into the surface.

- The right thing would be to apply direct pressure to the wound.

- Applying the dye can be messy, particularly on long hair.

VB

7. apply applies applying applied
When the driver of a vehicle applies the brakes, he or she uses them to slow the vehicle down or to stop it from moving. (FORMAL)

- They forgot to apply the handbrake and the car rolled 60ft into the river.

VB

apply

verb

1.

request

appeal

claim

inquire

petition

put in

requisition

2.

use

bring to bear

carry out

employ

exercise

exert

implement

practise

utilize

3.

put on

cover with

lay on

paint

place

smear

spread on

4.

be relevant

be applicable

be appropriate

bear upon

be fitting

fit

pertain

refer

relate

apply oneself

5.

try

be diligent

buckle down informal

commit oneself

concentrate

dedicate oneself

devote oneself

persevere

work hard

applique

[æˈpli:kei]

n.

(尤指制衣的)缝饰, 补花, 贴花

applique

applique
Applique is the craft of sewing fabric shapes onto larger pieces of cloth. You can also use applique to refer to things you make using this craft.

- Beadwork, applique and embroidery add a uniquely feminine touch.

N-UNCOUNT also appliqu´e

appliqued

appliqued
Appliqued shapes or fabric are formed from pieces of fabric which are stitched on to clothes or larger pieces of cloth.

- ...a centrepiece of appliqued flowers and birds.

- ...a magnificent appliqued bedspread.

ADJ also appliqu´ed

appoint

[D.J.:əˈpɔint]

[K.K.:əˈpɔɪnt]

vt.

任命, 委派

确定, 指定; 约定

appointed

[əˈpɔintid]

adj.

指定的,约定的

appoint ***

appoint appoints appointing appointed
If you appoint someone to a job or official position, you formally choose them for it.

- It made sense to appoint a banker to this job.

- The commission appointed a special investigator to conduct its own inquiry.

- The Prime Minister has appointed a civilian as defence minister.

- In 1958 she was appointed a US delegate to the United Nations.

VB
= assign

See also appointed .

appointed

appointed
If something happens at the appointed time, it happens at the time that was decided in advance. (FORMAL)

- The appointed hour of the ceremony was drawing nearer.

ADJ: ADJ n

appoint

verb

1.

assign

choose

commission

delegate

elect

name

nominate

select

2.

decide

allot

arrange

assign

choose

designate

establish

fix

set

3.

equip

fit out

furnish

provide

supply

appointed

adjective

1.

assigned

chosen

delegated

elected

named

nominated

selected

2.

decided

allotted

arranged

assigned

chosen

designated

established

fixed

set

3.

equipped

fitted out

furnished

provided

supplied

-appointed

-appointed
-appointed combines with adverbs to form adjectives such as well-appointed that describe a building or room that is equipped or furnished in the way that is mentioned. (WRITTEN)

- Sloan looked round the well-appointed kitchen.

- We ended up in a tastefully appointed sitting room.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED
See also self-appointed .

appointee

[D.J.:əˌpɔinˈti:]

[K.K.:əˌpɔɪnˈti, ˌæpɔɪn-]

n.

被任命者,指定的财产受益人

appointee *

appointee appointees
An appointee is someone who has been chosen for a particular job or position of responsibility. (FORMAL)

- ...Becket, a recent appointee to the Supreme Court.

- ...Diane Ravitch, a political appointee in charge of federal education research.

N-COUNT

appointment

[D.J.:əˈpɔintmənt]

[K.K.:əˈpɔɪntmənt]

n.

约会, 约定

任命, 委派

appointment ***

1. appointment appointments
The appointment of a person to a particular job is the choice of that person to do it.

- His appointment to the Cabinet would please the right-wing.

- ...his appointment as foreign minister in 1985.

N-VAR: usu with poss, oft N to/as n

2. appointment appointments
An appointment is a job or position of responsibility.

- Mr Fay is to take up an appointment as a researcher with the Royal Society.

N-COUNT
= post

3. appointment appointments
If you have an appointment with someone, you have arranged to see them at a particular time, usually in connection with their work or for a serious purpose.

- She has an appointment with her accountant.

- I made an appointment to see a specialist.

- ... a dental appointment.

N-COUNT: oft N with n, N to-inf

4. appointment
If something can be done by appointment , people can arrange in advance to do it at a particular time.

- Viewing is by appointment only.

PHR

appointment

noun

1.

meeting

arrangement

assignation

date

engagement

interview

rendezvous

2.

selection

assignment

choice

election

naming

nomination

3.

job

assignment

office

place

position

post

situation

appointments

4.

fittings

fixtures

furnishings

gear

outfit

paraphernalia

trappings

apportion

[D.J.:əˈpɔ:ʃən, əˈpəʊr-]

[K.K.:əˈpɔrʃən, əˈpor-]

vt.

分摊, 分配

apportionment

[D.J.:əˈpɔ:ʃənmənt]

[K.K.:əˈpɔrʃənmənt, əˈpor-]

n.

土地分配

apportion

1. apportion apportions apportioning apportioned
When you apportion something such as blame, you decide how much of it different people deserve or should be given. (FORMAL)

- The experts are even-handed in apportioning blame among EC governments.

- The allowable deduction is apportioned between the estate and the beneficiaries.

VB

2. apportionment

- ...the apportionment of resources.

N-UNCOUNT

apportion

verb

divide

allocate

allot

assign

dispense

distribute

dole out

ration out

share

apportionment

noun

division

allocation

allotment

assignment

dispensing

distribution

doling out

rationing out

sharing

apposite

[D.J.:ˈæpəzɪt]

[K.K.:ˈæpəzɪt]

adj.

适当的；合适的；贴切的

apposite

apposite
Something that is apposite is suitable for or appropriate to what is happening or being discussed. (FORMAL)

- The events of recent days have made his central theme even more apposite.

- She thought in both languages, and selected the most apposite phrase from either.

ADJ-GRADED
= relevant apt

apposite

adjective

appropriate

applicable

apt

fitting

pertinent

relevant

suitable

to the point

apposition

[D.J.:ˌæpəˈziʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæpəˈzɪʃən]

n.

同位, 同格

apposition

apposition
If two noun groups referring to the same person or thing are in apposition , one is placed immediately after the other, with no conjunction joining them, as in `Her father, Nigel, left home three months ago.'
N-UNCOUNT: usu in N

appraisal

[D.J.:əˈpreizəl]

[K.K.:əˈprezəl]

n.

估计, 估量, 评价

appraisal *

1. appraisal appraisals
If you make an appraisal of something, you consider it carefully and form an opinion about it.

- What is needed in such cases is a calm appraisal of the situation.

- Self-appraisal is never easy.

N-VAR: oft N of n
= evaluation

2. appraisal appraisals
Appraisal is the official or formal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of someone or something. Appraisal often involves observation or some kind of testing.

- In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.

- ...an appraisal of your financial standing.

N-VAR: oft N of n
= evaluation

appraisal

noun

assessment

estimate

estimation

evaluation

judgment

opinion

appraise

[D.J.:əˈpreɪz]

[K.K.:əˈprez]

vt.

估价；估计；估量

评价

appraise *

appraise appraises appraising appraised
If you appraise something or someone, you consider them carefully and form an opinion about them. (FORMAL)

- This prompted many employers to appraise their selection and recruitment policies.

- Gloria slid an appraising eye over the rest of the rack before reaching for the dress.

VB
= evaluate

appraise

verb

assess

estimate

evaluate

gauge

judge

rate

review

value

appraiser

[əˈpreizə]

n.

评价者,鉴定者,估价官

appraiser

appraiser appraisers
An appraiser is someone whose job is to estimate the cost or value of something such as property. (AM; in BRIT use valuer )
N-COUNT

appreciable

[D.J.:əˈpri:ʃəbəl]

[K.K.:əˈpriʃəbəl]

adj.

可预见的, 可估计的

增值的

相当可观的

appreciably

adv.

略微,有一点

appreciable

1. appreciable
An appreciable amount or effect is large enough to be important or clearly noticed. (FORMAL)

- It contains less than 1 per cent fat, an appreciable amount of protein, and a high content of minerals.

- This has not had an appreciable effect on production.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= significant

2. appreciably

- Travel had not mellowed him appreciably.

- Summer temperatures are appreciably more comfortable there.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

appreciable

adjective

significant

considerable

definite

discernible

evident

marked

noticeable

obvious

pronounced

substantial

appreciate

[D.J.:əˈpri:ʃieit]

[K.K.:əˈpriʃiˌet]

vt.

感激, 感谢

欣赏, 赏识, 重视

意识到, 体会

vt. & vi.

(使)增值, 涨价

appreciate ***

1. appreciate appreciates appreciating appreciated
If you appreciate something, for example a piece of music or good food, you like it because you recognize its good qualities.

- Anyone can appreciate our music.

- In time you'll appreciate the beauty and subtlety of this language.

VB

2. appreciate appreciates appreciating appreciated
If you appreciate a situation or problem, you understand it and know what it involves.

- She never really appreciated the depth and bitterness of the Irish conflict.

- He appreciates that co-operation with the media is part of his professional duties.

VB

3. appreciate appreciates appreciating appreciated
If you appreciate something that someone has done for you or is going to do for you, you are grateful for it.

- Peter stood by me when I most needed it. I'll always appreciate that.

- Thanks, lads. I appreciate it.

- I'd appreciate it if you wouldn't mention it.

VB

4. appreciate appreciates appreciating appreciated
If something that you own appreciates over a period of time, its value increases.

- They don't have any confidence that houses will appreciate in value.

VB
= go up ≠ depreciate

appreciate

verb

1.

value

admire

enjoy

like

prize

rate highly

respect

treasure

2.

be aware of

perceive

realize

recognize

sympathize with

take account of

understand

3.

be grateful for

be appreciative

be indebted

be obliged

be thankful for

give thanks for

4.

increase

enhance

gain

grow

improve

rise

appreciation

[D.J.:əˌpri:ʃi:ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:əˌpriʃiˈeʃən]

n.

欣赏,鉴赏,赏识

评定；判断；鉴定

(尤指土地或财产的)增值

感激；感谢

(尤指赞赏性的)评论文字

appreciation **

1. appreciation
Appreciation of something is the recognition and enjoyment of its good qualities.

- ...an investigation into children's understanding and appreciation of art...

- Brian whistled in appreciation.

N-SING: also no det, oft N of n

2. appreciation
Your appreciation for something that someone does for you is your gratitude for it.

- He expressed his appreciation for what he called Saudi Arabia's moderate and realistic oil policies.

- ...the gifts presented to them in appreciation of their work.

N-SING: also no det, oft with poss, N for n
= gratitude

3. appreciation
An appreciation of a situation or problem is an understanding of what it involves.

- They have a stronger appreciation of the importance of economic incentives.

N-SING: also no det, with supp, oft N of n
= grasp

4. appreciation
Appreciation in the value of something is an increase in its value over a period of time.

- You have to take capital appreciation of the property into account.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ depreciation

5. appreciation appreciations
An appreciation of an artist or performer or of their work is a speech or piece of writing in which they are discussed and assessed.

- I had written an appreciation of Hernandez for a magazine.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= review critique

appreciation

noun

1.

gratitude

acknowledgment

gratefulness

indebtedness

obligation

thankfulness

thanks

2.

awareness

admiration

comprehension

enjoyment

perception

realization

recognition

sensitivity

sympathy

understanding

3.

increase

enhancement

gain

growth

improvement

rise

appreciative

[D.J.:əˈpri:ʃətɪv, -ʃi:ˌeɪtɪv]

[K.K.:əˈpriʃətɪv, -ʃiˌetɪv]

adj.

有欣赏力的;能确认价值的

表示赞赏的,感谢的

appreciative *

1. appreciative
An appreciative reaction or comment shows the enjoyment that you are getting from something.

- There is a murmur of appreciative laughter.

- Mrs Hastings' eyes grow warmer and more appreciative with my every word.

ADJ-GRADED

2. appreciatively

- She looked appreciatively at Blair's lovely pictures.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. appreciative
If you are appreciative of something, you are grateful for it.

- We have been very appreciative of their support.

- Tom is genuinely appreciative of all the success he's had.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of n

appreciative

adjective

1.

grateful

beholden

indebted

obliged

thankful

2.

aware

admiring

enthusiastic

respectful

responsive

sensitive

sympathetic

understanding

apprehend

[D.J.:ˌæpriˈhend]

[K.K.:ˌæprɪˈhɛnd]

vt.

逮捕, 拘押

理解

apprehend *

1. apprehend apprehends apprehending apprehended
If the police apprehend someone, they catch them and arrest them. (FORMAL)

- Police have not apprehended her killer.

VB
= catch

2. apprehend apprehends apprehending apprehended
If you apprehend something, you understand it fully. (LITERARY)

- Only now can I begin to apprehend the power of these forces.

VB
= grasp

apprehend

verb

1.

arrest

capture

catch

nick slang chiefly Brit.

seize

take prisoner

2.

understand

comprehend

conceive

get the picture

grasp

perceive

realize

recognize

apprehension

[D.J.:ˌæprɪˈhenʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæprɪˈhɛnʃən]

n.

忧虑,担心

逮捕

理解；领悟

apprehension *

1. apprehension apprehensions
Apprehension is a feeling of fear that something bad may happen. (FORMAL)

- It reflects real anger and apprehension about the future.

- I tensed every muscle in my body in apprehension.

N-VAR
= worry

2. apprehension
The apprehension of someone who is thought to be a criminal is their capture or arrest by the police. (FORMAL)

- ...information leading to the apprehension of the alleged killer.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. apprehension
The apprehension of something is awareness and understanding of it. (FORMAL)

- ...the sudden apprehension of something familiar as something alien.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= comprehension

apprehension

noun

1.

anxiety

alarm

concern

dread

fear

foreboding

suspicion

trepidation

worry

2.

arrest

capture

catching

seizure

taking

3.

awareness

comprehension

grasp

perception

understanding

apprehensive

[D.J.:ˌæprɪˈhensɪv]

[K.K.:ˌæprɪˈhɛnsɪv]

adj.

不安的；害怕的；担心的；恐惧的；焦虑的

善于领会的;敏悟的

知晓的,有认识力的

apprehensively

adv.

apprehensively

adv.

担心地

apprehensive *

1. apprehensive
Someone who is apprehensive is afraid that something bad may happen.

- People are still terribly apprehensive about the future.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n/-ing

2. apprehensively

- I waited apprehensively for him to comment.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

apprehensive

adjective

anxious

concerned

foreboding

nervous

uneasy

worried

apprentice

[D.J.:əˈprentis]

[K.K.:əˈprɛntɪs]

n.

学徒, 徒弟

apprentice *

1. apprentice apprentices
An apprentice is a young person who works for someone in order to learn their skill.

- I started off as an apprentice and worked my way up.

- He left school at 15 and trained as an apprentice carpenter.

N-COUNT: oft N n

2. apprentice apprentices apprenticing apprenticed
If a young person is apprenticed to someone, they go to work for them in order to learn their skill.

- I was apprenticed to a builder when I was fourteen.

VB: usu passive

apprentice

noun

trainee

beginner

learner

novice

probationer

pupil

student

apprenticeship

[D.J.:əˈprentɪʃɪp]

[K.K.:əˈpr ɛntɪsʃɪp]

n.

学徒身份,学徒资格

学徒期;见习期

apprenticeship *

apprenticeship apprenticeships
Someone who has an apprenticeship works for a fixed period of time for a person who has a particular skill in order to learn the skill. Apprenticeship is the system of learning a skill like this.

- After serving his apprenticeship as a toolmaker, he became a manager.

- ...a period of apprenticeship.

N-VAR

apprise

[D.J.:əˈpraɪz]

[K.K.:əˈpraɪz]

vt.

告知,通知

评价

apprise

apprise apprises apprising apprised
When you are apprised of something, someone tells you about it. (FORMAL)

- Have these customers been fully apprised of the advantages?.

- I thought I needed to apprise the students of the dangers that may be involved.

VB
= notify

approach

[D.J.:əˈprəutʃ]

[K.K.:əˈprotʃ]

vt. & vi.

接近, 走近, 靠近

vt.

接洽, 交涉; 着手处理

n.

靠近, 接近, 临近

通路, 入口, 途径

方式, 方法

approaching

[D.J.:əˈprəʊtʃɪŋ]

[K.K.: əˈprotʃɪŋ]

n.

侵入；逼近；接近

adj.

侵入的；逼近的；接近的

approach ****

1. approach approaches approaching approached
When you approach something, you get closer to it.

- He didn't approach the front door at once.

- When I approached, they grew silent.

- We turned to see the approaching car slow down.

VB

2. approach approaches
Also a noun.

- At their approach the little boy ran away and hid.

- ...the approach of a low-flying helicopter.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp
= advance

3. approach approaches
An approach to a place is a road, path, or other route that leads to it.

- The path serves as an approach to the boat house.

N-COUNT: usu N to n

4. approach approaches approached
If you approach someone about something, you speak to them about it for the first time, often making an offer or request.

- When Chappel approached me about the job, my first reaction was of disbelief.

- He approached me to create and design the restaurant.

- Anna approached several builders and was fortunate to come across Eddie.

VB: no cont

5. approach approaches
Also a noun.

- There had already been approaches from buyers interested in the whole of the group.

N-COUNT: oft N from/to n

6. approach approaches approaching approached
When you approach a task, problem, or situation in a particular way, you deal with it or think about it in that way.

- The Bank has approached the issue in a practical way.

- Employers are interested in how you approach problems.

VB
= tackle

7. approach approaches
Your approach to a task, problem, or situation is the way you deal with it or think about it.

- We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information.

- ...the adversarial approach of the British legal system.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N to -ing/n

8. approach approaches approaching approached
As a future time or event approaches , it gradually gets nearer as time passes.

- As autumn approached, the plants and colours in the garden changed.

- ...the approaching crisis.

VB

9. approach
Also a noun.

- ...the festive spirit that permeated the house with the approach of Christmas.

N-SING: usu N of n

10. approach approaches approaching approached
As you approach a future time or event, time passes so that you get gradually nearer to it.

- There is a need for understanding and co-operation as we approach the 21st century.

VB

11. approach approaches approaching approached
If something approaches a particular level or state, it almost reaches that level or state.

- Oil prices have approached their highest level for almost ten years.

- Mansell will race at average speeds approaching 200mph.

VB
= come close to

approach

verb

1.

move towards

come close

come near

draw near

near

reach

2.

make a proposal to

appeal to

apply to

make overtures to

sound out

3.

set about

begin work on

commence

embark on

enter upon

make a start

undertake

noun

4.

coming

advance

arrival

drawing near

nearing

often plural 5.

proposal

advance

appeal

application

invitation

offer

overture

proposition

6.

access

avenue

entrance

passage

road

way

7.

way

manner

means

method

style

technique

8.

likeness

approximation

semblance

approachable

[D.J.:əˈprəʊtʃəbəl]

[K.K.:əˈprotʃəbəl]

adj.

可亲近的

可接近的

approachable

1. approachable
If you describe someone as approachable , you think that they are friendly and easy to talk to.

- We found him very approachable and easy to talk with.

ADJ-GRADED approval
≠ aloof unapproachable

2. approachable
If you describe an idea or piece of work as approachable , you think that it is presented in a way which people find enjoyable and easy to understand.

- The text is approachable, coping well with quite complicated subjects.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= accessible

approachable

adjective

1.

friendly

affable

congenial

cordial

open

sociable

2.

accessible

attainable

reachable

approbation

[D.J.:ˌæprəˈbeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæprəˈbeʃən]

n.

认可；许可；批准

赞许

approbation

approbation
Approbation is approval of something or agreement to it. (FORMAL)

- Julian Lloyd Webber thinks his brother would like the approbation of serious critics.

- The result has not met universal approbation.

N-UNCOUNT
= approval

appropriate

[D.J.:əˈprəupriit]

[K.K.:əˈpropriɪt]

adj.

适当的, 恰当的

[əˈprəuprieit]

vt.

挪用; 占用; 盗用

拨出(款项)

appropriately

adv.

适当地

appropriate ***

1. appropriate
Something that is appropriate is suitable or acceptable for a particular situation.

- It is appropriate that Irish names dominate the list.

- Dress neatly and attractively in an outfit appropriate to the job.

- The teacher can then take appropriate action.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ that/to-inf, ADJ for/to n
≠ inappropriate

2. appropriately

- Dress appropriately and ask intelligent questions.

- It's entitled, appropriately enough, `Art for the Nation'.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV with cl/group

3. appropriateness

- He wonders about the appropriateness of each move he makes.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

4. appropriate appropriates appropriating appropriated
If someone appropriates something which does not belong to them, they take it, usually without the right to do so. (FORMAL)

- Several other newspapers have appropriated the idea.

- The land was simply appropriated by the rulers.

VB
= purloin

5. appropriate appropriates appropriating appropriated
If a government or organization appropriates an amount of money for a particular purpose, it reserves it for that purpose. (FORMAL)

- Senator Lugar is skeptical that Congress will appropriate more funding for this purpose.

VB
= earmark

appropriate

adjective

1.

suitable

apt

befitting

fitting

pertinent

relevant

to the point

well-suited

verb

2.

seize

commandeer

confiscate

impound

take possession of

usurp

3.

steal

embezzle

filch

misappropriate

pilfer

pocket

4.

set aside

allocate

allot

apportion

assign

devote

earmark

appropriation

[D.J.:əˌprəʊpri:ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:əˌpropriˈeʃən]

n.

拨付,拨发

拨款

占用,挪用,盗用

appropriation *

1. appropriation appropriations
An appropriation is an amount of money that a government or organization reserves for a particular purpose. (FORMAL)

- The government raised defence appropriations by 12 per cent.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= allocation

2. appropriation
Appropriation of something that belongs to someone else is the act of taking it, usually without having the right to do so. (FORMAL)

- Other charges filed against the family include fraud and illegal appropriation of land.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, usu N of n

approval

[D.J.:əˈpru:vəl]

[K.K.:əˈpruvəl]

n.

赞成, 同意

批准, 认可

approval ***

1. approval
If you win someone's approval for something that you ask for or suggest, they agree to it.

- ...efforts to win congressional approval for an aid package for Moscow...

- The chairman has also given his approval for an investigation into the case.

- The proposed modifications met with widespread approval.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft with poss, N for n
= sanction

2. approval approvals
Approval is a formal or official statement that something is acceptable.

- The testing and approval of new drugs will be speeded up.

N-VAR

3. approval
If someone or something has your approval , you like and admire them.

- His son had an obsessive drive to gain his father's approval.

- The president's approval rating had risen.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

4. approval
If a person or organization gives something their seal of approval or their stamp of approval , they officially say that they like it or think it is acceptable.

- Ministers have put their seal of approval on the proposal.

- Last November the commission gave its stamp of approval to the deal.

PHR: PHR after v

approval

noun

1.

consent

agreement

assent

authorization

blessing

endorsement

permission

recommendation

sanction

2.

favour

acclaim

admiration

applause

appreciation

esteem

good opinion

praise

respect

approve

[D.J.:əˈpru:v]

[K.K.:əˈpruv]

vt. & vi.

赞成, 同意

vt.

批准, 通过

approved

[əˈpru:vd]

adj.

经核准的,被认可的

approving

[əˈpru:viŋ]

adj.

满意的

approvingly

[D.J.:əpˈru:vɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:əpˈruvɪ ŋlɪ]

adv.

赞成地;认可地

approve ****

1. approve approves approving approved
If you approve of an action, event, or suggestion, you like it or are pleased about it.

- Not everyone approves of the festival.

- I approved of the proposal.

VB: oft with brd-neg

2. approve approves approving approved
If you approve of someone or something, you like and admire them.

- You've never approved of Henry, have you?.

- I didn't approve of his manner.

VB: oft with brd-neg

3. approve approves approving approved
If someone in a position of authority approves a plan or idea, they formally agree to it and say that it can happen.

- The Russian Parliament has approved a program of radical economic reforms.

- MPs approved the Bill by a majority of 97.

VB
= sanction

4. approve approves approving approved
If a product or person is approved by an official organization, they are declared to be of a good enough standard to be used or employed.

- We have three suppliers in all who are approved by the Organic Farm Food Association.

VB
= authorized

approved

approved
An approved method or course of action is officially accepted as appropriate in a particular situation.

- The approved method of cleaning is industrial sand-blasting.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

approving

1. approving
An approving reaction or remark shows support for something, or satisfaction with it.

- Helen got the benefit of an approving nod.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ disapproving

2. approvingly

- He nodded approvingly.

ADV-GRADED

approve

verb

1.

favour

admire

commend

have a good opinion of

like

praise

regard highly

respect

2.

agree to

allow

assent to

authorize

consent to

endorse

pass

permit

recommend

sanction

approved school

approved school approved schools
In Britain in the past, an approved school was a boarding school where young people could be sent to stay if they had been found guilty of a crime.
N-COUNT

approx

adv.

大约,大概

approx.

approx.
Approx. is a written abbreviation for approximately .

- Group Size: Approx. 12 to 16.

approximate

[D.J.:əˈprɔksimit]

[K.K.:əˈprɑksəmɪt]

adj.

近似的, 大约的

vt. & vi.

近似, 接近

approximately

[əprɔksiˈmətli]

adv.

近似地,大约

approximate **

1. approximate
An approximate number, time, or position is close to the correct number, time, or position, but is not exact.

- The approximate cost varies from around £150 to £250.

- The times are approximate only.

ADJ-GRADED
= rough ≠ exact

2. approximately

- Approximately $150 million is to be spent on improvements.

ADV: ADV num

3. approximate
An idea or description that is approximate is not intended to be precise or accurate, but to give some indication of what something is like.

- They did not have even an approximate idea what the Germans really wanted.

ADJ-GRADED

4. approximate approximates approximating approximated
If something approximates to something else, it is similar to it but is not exactly the same.

- Something approximating to a just outcome will be ensured.

- The mixture described below will approximate it, but is not exactly the same.

VB
= resemble

approximate

adjective

1.

close

near

2.

rough

estimated

inexact

loose

verb

3.

come close

approach

border on

come near

reach

resemble

touch

verge on

approximately

adverb

almost

about

around

circa used with dates

close to

in the region of

just about

more or less

nearly

roughly

approximation

[D.J.:əˌprɔksəˈmeɪʃən]

[K.K.:əˌprɑksəˈmeʃən]

n.

接近

近似额;概算

<数>近似值

粗略估计

approximation

1. approximation approximations
An approximation is a fact, object, or description which is similar to something else, but which is not exactly the same.

- That is a fair approximation of the way in which the next boss is being chosen.

N-COUNT: oft N of/to n

2. approximation approximations
An approximation is a number, calculation, or position that is close to a correct number, time, or position, but is not exact.

- Clearly that's an approximation, but my guess is there'll be a reasonable balance.

N-COUNT
= estimate

approximation

noun

guess

conjecture

estimate

estimation

guesswork

rough calculation

rough idea

appt

appt
Appt is a written abbreviation for appointment .

Apr.

n.

四月

Apr. **

Apr.
Apr. is a written abbreviation for April .

- An agreement was reached on Apr. 27.

apres-ski

adj.

滑雪后的(社交活动、休息等)

apres-ski

apres-ski
Apres-ski is evening entertainment and social activities in places where people go skiing.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also après-ski

apricot

[D.J.:ˈæprɪˌkɔt, ˈeɪprɪ-]

[K.K.:ˈæprɪˌkɑt, ˈeprɪ-]

n.

杏；杏仁；杏树

杏黄色

adj.

杏黄色的

apricot *

1. apricot apricots
An apricot is a small, soft, round fruit with yellowish-orange flesh and a stone inside.

- ...12 oz apricots, halved and stoned.

- ...apricot tart.

N-VAR

2. apricot apricots
Apricot is used to describe things that are yellowish-orange in colour.

- The bridesmaids wore apricot and white organza.

- The heavy curtains were a warm apricot.

COLOUR

April

[D.J.:ˈeiprəl]

[K.K.:ˈeprəl]

n.

四月

April *****

April Aprils
April is the fourth month of the year in the Western calendar.

- The changes will be introduced in April.

- They were married on 7 April 1927 at Paddington Register Office.

N-VAR

April Fool

April Fool April Fools
An April Fool is a trick that is played on April Fool's Day.
N-COUNT

April Fool's Day

April Fool's Day
April Fool's Day is the 1st of April, the day on which people traditionally play tricks on each other.
N-UNCOUNT

a priori

1. a priori
An a priori argument, reason, or probability is based on an assumed principle or fact, rather than on actual observed facts.

- In the absence of such evidence, there is no a priori hypothesis to work with.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. a priori
Also an adverb.

- One assumes, a priori, that a parent would be better at dealing with problems.

ADV: usu ADV with cl, also ADV after v

apron

[D.J.:ˈeiprən]

[K.K.:ˈeprən]

n.

围裙

apron *

1. apron aprons
If you say that someone is tied to another person's apron strings , you mean that they are controlled or influenced too much by the other person.

- If you try to keep him under control and tethered to your apron strings there will almost certainly be a row.

PHR

2. apron aprons
At an airport, the apron is the area of hard ground where aircraft are parked.
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

apron

noun

pinny informal

pinafore

apropos

[D.J.:ˌæprəˈpəu]

[K.K.:ˌæprəˈpo]

adj.

恰当的

关于, 就…而言

adv.

恰当地

顺便地

apropos

1. apropos
Something which is apropos , or apropos of, a subject or event, is connected with it or relevant to it. (FORMAL)

- All my suggestions apropos the script were accepted.

- George Orwell once asked, apropos of publishers, `Why don't they just say, "We don't want your poems"?'

PREP
= with reference to

2. apropos
Apropos or apropos of is used to introduce something that you are going to say which is related to the subject you have just been talking about. (FORMAL)

- Apropos Dudley Moore living in California he said, `He loves the space, Californians have a lot of space.'

PREP

3. apropos
Something that is apropos is very suitable in a particular situation. (FORMAL)

- It was a verse from the book of Job. It was so apropos.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= appropriate

apt

[D.J.:æpt]

[K.K.:æpt]

adj.

易于…的, 有…倾向的

恰当的, 适宜的

聪明的, 灵巧的

aptly

[D.J.:ˈæptlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈæptlɪ]

adv.

适当地,适切地;巧妙地

apt **

1. apt
An apt remark, description, or choice is especially suitable.

- The words of this report are as apt today as in 1929.

- ...an apt description of the situation.

ADJ-GRADED
= apposite

2. aptly

- ...the beach in the aptly named town of Oceanside.

ADV-GRADED

3. apt
If someone is apt to do something, they often do it and so it is likely that they will do it again.

- She was apt to raise her voice and wave her hands about.

- This type of weather is apt to be more common in winter.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to-inf
= liable

apt

adjective

1.

inclined

disposed

given

liable

likely

of a mind

prone

ready

2.

appropriate

fitting

pertinent

relevant

suitable

to the point

3.

gifted

clever

quick

sharp

smart

talented

aptitude

[D.J.:ˈæptitju:d]

[K.K.:ˈæptɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

(学习方面的)才能, 资质, 天资

aptitude *

aptitude aptitudes
Someone's aptitude for a particular kind of work or activity is their ability to learn it quickly and to do it well.

- He drifted into publishing and discovered an aptitude for working with accounts.

- Some students have more aptitude for academic work than others.

N-VAR: usu N for n/-ing

aptitude

noun

1.

tendency

inclination

leaning

predilection

proclivity

propensity

2.

gift

ability

capability

faculty

intelligence

proficiency

talent

aptitude test

aptitude test aptitude tests
An aptitude test is a test that is specially designed to find out how easily and how well you can do something.
N-COUNT

aqua

[D.J.:ˈækwə]

[K.K.:ˈækwə, ˈɑkwə]

n.

浅绿色; 水绿色

水

aqua

aqua
Aqua is the same as the colour aquamarine .

- ...floor-length curtains in restful aqua and lavender colours.

COLOUR

aquamarine

[D.J.:ˌækwəməˈri:n]

[K.K.:ˌækwəməˈrin, ˌɑkwə-]

n.

绿玉,碧绿色

aquamarine *

1. aquamarine aquamarines
Aquamarines are clear, greenish-blue stones, sometimes used to make jewellery.

- A necklace set with aquamarines.

- ...a large aquamarine ring.

N-VAR

2. aquamarine aquamarines
Aquamarine is used to describe things that are greenish-blue in colour.

- ...warm aquamarine seas and white beaches.

- ...a shimmering suit of aquamarine satin.

COLOUR

aquaria

[D.J.:əˈkweəri:ə]

[K.K.:əˈkwɛriə]

养鱼池,玻璃缸,水族馆

aquarium

[D.J.:əˈkweəri:əm]

[K.K.:əˈkwɛriəm]

n.

养鱼缸, 水族馆

aquarium *

1. aquarium aquariums or aquaria
An aquarium is a building, often in a zoo, where fish and underwater animals are kept.
N-COUNT

2. aquarium aquariums or aquaria
An aquarium is a glass tank filled with water, in which people keep fish.
N-COUNT

Aquarius

[D.J.:əˈkwɛəriəs]

[K.K.:əˈkwɛriəs]

宝瓶宫,宝瓶(星)座

Aquarius **

1. Aquarius
Aquarius is one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. Its symbol is a person pouring water. People who are born approximately between 20th January and 18th February come under this sign.
N-UNCOUNT

2. Aquarius
An Aquarius is a person whose sign of the zodiac is Aquarius.
N-SING: a N

aquatic

[D.J.:əˈkwætɪk, əˈkwɔt-]

[K.K.:əˈkwætɪk, əˈkwɑt-]

adj.

水生的, 水产的, 水栖的, 水中的

水上的;水中(进行)的

n.

水生植物;水生动物

水上运动

aquatic *

1. aquatic
An aquatic animal or plant lives or grows on or in water.

- The pond is quite small but can support many aquatic plants and fish.

- ...aquatic birds.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. aquatic
Aquatic means relating to water.

- ...aquatic consultant Ben Tucker.

- ...our aquatic resources.

ADJ

aqueduct

[D.J.:ˈækwɪˌdʌkt]

[K.K.:ˈækwɪˌdʌkt]

n.

沟渠;引水渠；导水管

高架渠；桥管；渡槽

<解>导管,水管

aqueduct

1. aqueduct aqueducts
An aqueduct is a long bridge with many arches, which carries a water supply or a canal over a valley.

- ...an old Roman aqueduct.

N-COUNT

2. aqueduct aqueducts
An aqueduct is a large pipe or canal which carries a water supply to a city or a farming area.

- ...a nationwide system of aqueducts to carry water to the arid parts of this country.

N-COUNT

aqueous

[D.J.:ˈeikwiəs]

[K.K.:ˈekwiəs, ˈækwi-]

adj.

水的,水成的

aqueous

aqueous
In chemistry, an aqueous solution or cream has water as its base. (TECHNICAL)

- ...an aqueous solution containing various sodium salts.

- ...a soap substitute such as an aqueous cream, available from chemists.

ADJ: ADJ n
= water-based

aquifer

[D.J.:ˈækwifə]

[K.K.:ˈækwəfɚ, ˈɑkwə-]

n.

地下蓄水层; 砂石含水层

aquifer

aquifer aquifers
In geology, an aquifer is an area of rock underneath the surface of the earth which absorbs and holds water. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

aquiline

[D.J.:ˈækwəˌlaɪn, -lɪn]

[K.K.:ˈækwəˌlaɪn, -lɪn]

adj.

鹰的,似鹰的

(鼻子)钩状的

aquiline

aquiline
If someone has an aquiline nose or profile, their nose is large, thin, and usually curved. (FORMAL)

- He had black hair, a thin aquiline nose, and deep-set brown eyes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

Arab

[D.J.:ˈærəb]

[K.K.:ˈærəb]

n.

阿拉伯人

街头流浪儿

adj.

阿拉伯的；阿拉伯人的

Arab

1. Arab Arabs
Arabs are people who speak Arabic and who come from the Middle East and parts of North Africa.
N-COUNT

2. Arab
Arab means belonging or relating to Arabs or to their countries or customs.

- On the surface, it appears little has changed in the Arab world.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

arabesque

[D.J.:ˌærəˈbesk]

[K.K.:ˌærəˈbɛsk]

n.

阿拉伯式花饰;错综图饰;阿拉伯图案

阿拉贝斯克芭蕾舞姿(独脚站立, 手前伸, 另一脚一手向后伸)

adj.

阿拉伯式图案的

arabesque

1. arabesque arabesques
An arabesque is a position in ballet dancing. The dancer stands on one leg with their other leg lifted and stretched out backwards, and their arms stretched out in front of them.

- The ballerina remained suspended in a faultless arabesque.

N-COUNT

2. arabesque arabesques
In art, an arabesque is a design of flowing lines.

- ...a clay water jug decorated with painted arabesques.

N-COUNT

Arabian

[D.J.:əˈreɪbi:ən]

[K.K.:əˈrebiən]

adj.

阿拉伯的;阿拉伯人的

n.

阿拉伯人;阿拉伯半岛居民

Arabian ***

Arabian
Arabian means belonging or relating to Arabia, especially to Saudi Arabia.

- ...the Arabian Peninsula.

- ... an Arabian stallion.

ADJ

Arabic

[D.J.:ˈærəbɪk]

[K.K.:ˈærəbɪk]

n.

阿拉伯语

adj.

阿拉伯(文学)的；阿拉伯语的

Arabic

1. Arabic
Arabic is a language that is spoken in the Middle East and in parts of North Africa.
N-UNCOUNT

2. Arabic
Something that is Arabic belongs or relates to the language, writing, or culture of the Arabs.

- ...a large tapestry with swirling Arabic script.

- ...the development of modern Arabic literature.

- ...Arabic music.

ADJ

3. Arabic
An Arabic numeral is one of the written figures such as 1, 2, 3, or 4.

- The clock is available with either Roman or Arabic numerals.

ADJ: ADJ n

Arabist

[D.J.:ˈærəbist]

[K.K.:ˈærəbɪst]

n.

阿拉伯语学者; 阿拉伯文化研究专家

Arabist

Arabist Arabists
An Arabist is a person who supports Arab interests or knows a lot about the Arabic language.

- ...a leading Arabist.

N-COUNT

arable

[D.J.:ˈærəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈærəbəl]

adj.

适于耕种的

n.

耕地

arable

arable
Arable farming involves growing crops such as wheat and barley rather than keeping animals or growing fruit and vegetables. Arable land is land that is used for arable farming.

- ...arable farmers.

- ...arable crops.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

arable

adjective

productive

farmable

fertile

fruitful

arbiter

[D.J.:ˈɑ:bɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈɑrbɪtɚ]

n.

仲裁人；裁决者

arbiter *

1. arbiter arbiters
An arbiter is a person or institution that judges and settles a quarrel between two other people or groups. (FORMAL)

- He was the ultimate arbiter on both theological and political matters.

- ...the court's role as arbiter in the law-making process.

N-COUNT
= adjudicator

2. arbiter arbiters
An arbiter of taste or style is someone who has a lot of influence in deciding what is fashionable or socially desirable. (FORMAL)

- Sequins have often aroused the scorn of arbiters of taste.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

arbiter

noun

1.

judge

adjudicator

arbitrator

referee

umpire

2.

authority

controller

dictator

expert

governor

lord

master

pundit

ruler

arbitrage

[D.J.:ˈɑ:bɪˌtrɑ:ʒ]

[K.K.:ˈɑrbɪˌtrɑʒ]

n.

<商>套购；套利；套汇

arbitrage *

arbitrage
In finance, arbitrage is the activity of buying shares or currency in one financial market and selling it at a profit in another. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

arbitrager

[ˈɑ:bitrɑ:ʒə]

n.

套利者；套购者；套汇者

arbitrager

arbitrager arbitragers
In finance, an arbitrager is someone who buys currencies, securities, or commodities on one country's market in order to make money by immediately selling them at a profit on another country's market. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT also arbitrageur

arbitrarily

[D.J.:ˌ ɑ:bəˈtrerəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌ ɑrbəˈtr ɛrəlɪ]

adv.

任意地;武断地;反复无常地

肆意地;专横地;独断独行地

arbitrariness

[ˈɑ:bitrərinis]

n.

任意,霸道,恣意

arbitrary

[D.J.:ˈɑ:bitrəri]

[K.K.:ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri]

adj.

随意的, 主观的

专横的, 独断专行的

arbitrary *

1. arbitrary
If you describe an action, rule, or decision as arbitrary , you think that it is not based on any principle, plan, or system. It often seems unfair because of this.

- Arbitrary arrests and detention without trial were common.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. arbitrarily

- The victims were not chosen arbitrarily.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. arbitrariness

- He is horrified by the apparent arbitrariness by which she sets the prices.

N-UNCOUNT

arbitrary

adjective

random

capricious

chance

erratic

inconsistent

personal

subjective

whimsical

arbitrate

[D.J.:ˈɑ:bɪˌtreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɑrbɪˌtret]

vt. & vi.

仲裁, 公断

arbitrator

[D.J.:ˈɑ:bɪˌtreɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈɑrbɪˌtretɚ]

n.

仲裁人；公断人

arbitrate

1. arbitrate arbitrates arbitrating arbitrated
When someone in authority arbitrates between two people or groups who are in dispute, they consider all the facts and make an official decision about who is right.

- He arbitrates between investors and members of the association.

- The tribunal had been set up to arbitrate in the dispute.

VB
= adjudicate

2. arbitrator arbitrators

- He served as an arbitrator in a series of commercial disputes in India.

N-COUNT

arbitrate

verb

settle

adjudicate

decide

determine

judge

mediate

pass judgment

referee

umpire

arbitrator

noun

judge

adjudicator

arbiter

referee

umpire

arbitration

[D.J.:ˌɑ:bɪˈtreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɑrbɪˈtreʃən]

n.

仲裁；公断

arbitration *

arbitration
Arbitration is the judging of a dispute between people or groups by someone who is not involved.

- ...the independent arbitration service, ACAS...

- The matter is likely to go to arbitration.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

arbitration

noun

settlement

adjudication

decision

determination

judgment

arboreal

[D.J.:ɑ:ˈbɔ:ri:əl, -ˈbəʊr-]

[K.K.:ɑrˈbɔriəl, -ˈbor-]

adj.

树木的,生活于树上的

arboreal

1. arboreal
Arboreal animals live in trees. (TECHNICAL)

- This clear tract in the deep forest gave him wonderful views of the arboreal birds.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. arboreal
Arboreal means relating to trees. (FORMAL)

- ...the arboreal splendor of the valley.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

arboretum

[D.J.:ˌɑ:bəˈri:təm]

[K.K.:ˌɑrbəˈritəm]

n.

树木园;植物园

arboretum

arboretum arboreta or arboretums
An arboretum is a specially designed garden of different types of trees.
N-COUNT

arbour

[D.J.:ˈɑ:bə]

[K.K.:ˈɑrbɚ]

n.

藤架,凉亭

arbour

arbour arbours
An arbour is a shelter in a garden which is formed by leaves and stems of plants growing close together over a light framework.
N-COUNT (AM) arbor
= bower

arc

[D.J.:ɑ:k]

[K.K.:ɑrk]

n.

弧, 弧线

弧形物

arcing

电弧放电;构成电弧;跳火;形成电弧;击穿

arc *

1. arc arcs
An arc is a smoothly curving line or movement.

- His 71 offices are spread through the Thames Valley and in an arc around north London.

N-COUNT

2. arc arcs
In geometry, an arc is a part of the line that forms the outside of a circle. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

3. arc arcs arcing arced
If something arcs in a particular direction, it makes a smoothly curving line or movement. (LITERARY)

- A rainbow arced gracefully over the town.

VB
= curve

arc

noun

curve

arch

bend

bow

crescent

half-moon

arcade

[D.J.:ɑ:ˈkeɪd]

[K.K.:ɑrˈked]

n.

<建>连拱廊

拱形走道(两旁有商店或娱乐设施)

拱形建筑物

arcade *

1. arcade arcades
An arcade is a covered passage where there are shops or market stalls.

- ...a shopping arcade.

N-COUNT

2. arcade arcades
An arcade is the same as an amusement arcade .

- ...13 year-olds spending their pocket money on fruit machines in arcades.

N-COUNT

arcade

noun

gallery

cloister

colonnade

portico

arcade game

arcade game arcade games
An arcade game is a computer game of the type that is often played in amusement arcades.
N-COUNT

arcane

[D.J.:ɑ:ˈkeɪn]

[K.K.:ɑrˈken]

adj.

秘密的；神秘的

不可思议的;晦涩难解的

arcane *

arcane
Something that is arcane is secret or mysterious. (FORMAL)

- Until a few months ago few people outside the arcane world of contemporary music had heard of Gorecki.

ADJ-GRADED

arcane

adjective

mysterious

esoteric

hidden

occult

recondite

secret

arch

[D.J.:ɑ:tʃ]

[K.K.:ɑrtʃ]

n.

拱, 拱门

拱形物

vt. & vi.

(使)弯成拱形

arched

[D.J.:ɑ:tʃt]

[K.K.:ɑrtʃt]

adj.

弓形的,有拱的

arching

[ˈɑ:tʃiŋ]

n.

弓状结构,拱架

archly

adv.

狡猾地,顽皮地,主要地

arch **

1. arch arches
An arch is a structure that is curved at the top and is supported on either side by a pillar, post, or wall.
N-COUNT

2. arch arches
An arch is a curved line or movement.
N-COUNT
= arc

3. arch arches
The arch of your foot is the curved section at the bottom in the middle.
N-COUNT

4. arch arches arching arched
If you arch a part of your body such as your back or if it arches , you bend it so that it forms a curve.

- Don't arch your back, keep your spine straight.

V-ERG

5. arch arches arching arched
If you arch your eyebrows, you move them upwards as a way of showing surprise or disapproval. (LITERARY)

- `Oh really?' he said, arching an eyebrow.

V-ERG
= raise

6. arch arches arching arched
If something arches in a particular direction, it makes a curved line or movement.

- I gazed up at the domed ceiling arching overhead.

VB

7. arch
An arch look is mysterious and mischievous.

- Both of them looked at him with that curious, slightly amused and even arch expression.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

8. archly

- She looked at me rather archly.

ADV-GRADED

9. arch
If you say that someone is arch , you are criticizing them for talking or behaving as if they are better or more important than other people.

- Their attempts to be casual have so far just looked arch or patronising.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= superior

10. archly

- `You can't fool me,' Shirley said archly.

ADV-GRADED

arched *

1. arched
An arched roof, window, or doorway is curved at the top.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. arched
An arched bridge has arches as part of its structure.

- ...a fortified arched bridge spanning the River Severn.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. arched
You use arched to describe something that is curved like an arch.

- A frown formed between her arched brows.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

arch

noun

1.

curve

archway

dome

span

vault

2.

curve

arc

bend

bow

hump

semicircle

verb

3.

curve

arc

bend

bow

bridge

span

arch

adjective

playful

frolicsome

mischievous

pert

roguish

saucy

sly

waggish

arch-

pref.

表示“第一的,主要的”之义

arch-

arch-
Arch- combines with nouns referring to people to form new nouns that refer to people who are extreme examples of something. For example, your arch-rival is the rival you most want to beat.

- Neither he nor his arch-rival, Giuseppe De Rita, won.

- ...his arch-enemy.

COMB in N-COUNT

archaeological

[ˌɑ:kiəˈlɔdʒikəl]

adj.

考古学的,考古学上的

archaeologist

[D.J.:ˌ ɑ:kɪˈ ɔləd ʒɪst]

[K.K.:ˌ ɑrkɪˈ ɑləd ʒɪst]

n.

考古学家

archaeology

[D.J.:ˌɑ:kiˈɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:ˌɑrkiˈɑlədʒi]

n.

考古学

archaeology **

1. archaeology
Archaeology is the study of the societies and peoples of the past by examining the remains of their buildings, tools, and other objects.
N-UNCOUNT also archeology

2. archaeological

- ...one of the region's most important archaeological sites.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. archaeologist archaeologists

- The archaeologists found a house built around 300 BC, with a basement and attic.

N-COUNT

archaic

[D.J.:ɑ:ˈkeɪɪk]

[K.K.:ɑrˈkeɪk]

adj.

古时的,古代的,古老的

陈旧的, 已不通用的

古式的；古体的

古色古香的

archaic *

archaic
Archaic means extremely old or extremely old-fashioned.

- ...archaic laws that are very seldom used...

- Archaic practices such as these are usually put forward by people of limited outlook.

- ...archaic sculpture and porcelain.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= antiquated

archaic

adjective

1.

old

ancient

antique

bygone

olden archaic

primitive

2.

old-fashioned

antiquated

behind the times

obsolete

outmoded

out of date

pass´e

archangel

[D.J.:ˈɑ:keindʒəl]

[K.K.:ˈɑrkˌendʒəl]

n.

天使长,大天使

archangel

archangel archangels
In the Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religions, an archangel is an angel of the highest rank.
N-COUNT

archbishop

[D.J.:ɑ:tʃˈbɪʃəp]

[K.K.:ɑrtʃˈbɪʃəp]

n.

(基督教会的)大主教

archbishop

archbishop
In the Roman Catholic, Orthodox, and Anglican Churches, an archbishop is a bishop of the highest rank, who is in charge of all the bishops and priests in a particular country or region.

- ...the Archbishop of Canterbury.

- ...Archbishop Desmond Tutu.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

archdeacon

[D.J.:ˈɑ:tʃˈdi:kən]

[K.K.:ɑrtʃˈdikən]

n.

执事长(教会中神职人员的一种职位)

archdeacon

archdeacon
An archdeacon is a high-ranking clergyman who works as an assistant to a bishop, especially in the Anglican church.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

archdiocese

[D.J.:ˈɑ:tʃˈdaiəsis]

[K.K.:ɑrtʃˈdaɪəsɪs, -ˌsis, -ˌsiz]

n.

大主教的管区

archdiocese

archdiocese archdioceses
An archdiocese is the area over which an archbishop has control.
N-COUNT

archer

[D.J.:ˈɑ:tʃə]

[K.K.:ˈɑrtʃɚ]

n.

弓箭手,射箭运动员

archer

archer archers
An archer is someone who shoots arrows using a bow.
N-COUNT

archery

[D.J.:ˈɑ:tʃəri]

[K.K.:ˈɑrtʃəri]

n.

箭术

archery

archery
Archery is a sport in which people shoot arrows at a target using a bow.

- ...a traditional national festival of horse racing, wrestling and archery.

N-UNCOUNT

archetypal

[ˈɑ:kitaipəl]

adj.

原型的

archetypal *

archetypal
Someone or something that is archetypal has all the most important characteristics of a particular kind of person or thing and is a perfect example of it. (FORMAL)

- Cricket is the archetypal English game, and probably the most arcane recreation yet invented.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

archetypal

adjective

1.

typical

classic

ideal

model

standard

2.

original

prototypic or prototypical

archetype

[D.J.:ˈɑ:kɪˌtaɪp]

[K.K.:ˈɑrkɪˌtaɪp]

n.

典型

原型

archetype *

archetype archetypes
An archetype is something that is considered to be a perfect or typical example of a particular kind of person or thing, because it has all their most important characteristics. (FORMAL)

- He came to this country 20 years ago and is the archetype of the successful Asian businessman.

N-COUNT
= epitome

archetype

noun

1.

standard

model

paradigm

pattern

prime example

2.

original

prototype

archetypical

archetypical
Archetypical means the same as archetypal .

- ...an archetypical BBC voice.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

archipelago

[D.J.:ˌɑ:kəˈpeləˌgəʊ]

[K.K.:ˌɑrkəˈpɛləˌɡo]

n.

群岛,列岛

多岛屿的海

archipelago

archipelago archipelagos or archipelagoes
An archipelago is a group of islands, especially small islands.

- ...the Azores, a rugged, volcanic archipelago of nine islands.

N-COUNT

architect

[D.J.:ˈɑ:kitekt]

[K.K.:ˈɑrkɪˌtɛkt]

n.

建筑师, 设计师

architect **

1. architect architects
An architect is a person who designs buildings.
N-COUNT

2. architect architects
You can use architect to refer to a person who plans large projects such as landscaping or railways.

- ...Merrick Denton-Thompson, the landscape architect for Hampshire county council.

- ...Paul Andreu, chief architect of French railways.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

3. architect architects
The architect of an idea, event, or institution is the person who invented it or made it happen. (FORMAL)

- ...Russia's chief architect of economic reform.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

architect

noun

designer

master builder

planner

architectural

[D.J.:ˌ ɑ:kɪˈtektʃərəl]

[K.K.:ˌ ɑrkəˈt ɛktʃərəl]

adj.

建筑学的;建筑上的；有关建筑的

符合建筑法的

architecturally

adv.

建筑上

architectural **

1. architectural
Architectural means relating to the design and construction of buildings.

- ...Tibet's architectural heritage.

- ...the unique architectural style of towns like Lamu.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. architecturally

- The old city centre is architecturally rich.

- Architecturally, the chapel would be the perfect match for the school.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with cl

architecture

[D.J.:ˈɑ:kitektʃə]

[K.K.:ˈɑrkɪˌtɛktʃɚ]

n.

建筑学, 建筑术

建筑风格, 建筑式样

architecture **

1. architecture
Architecture is the art of planning, designing, and constructing buildings.

- He studied classical architecture and design in Rome.

N-UNCOUNT

2. architecture
The architecture of a building is the style in which it is designed and constructed.

- ...modern architecture.

- ...a fine example of Moroccan architecture.

- ...the architecture of the city's buildings.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

3. architecture
The architecture of something is its structure. (FORMAL)

- ...the crumbling intellectual architecture of modern society.

- ...the architecture of muscle fibres.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, N of n

architecture

noun

1.

design

building

construction

planning

2.

structure

construction

design

framework

make-up

style

archival

[D.J.:ɑ:ˈkaivəl]

[K.K.:ɑrˈkaɪvəl]

adj.

关于档案的

archival

archival
Archival means belonging or relating to archives.

- ...his extensive use of archival material.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

archive

[D.J.:ˈɑ:kaiv]

[K.K.:ˈɑrˌkaɪv]

v.

存档

n.

档案文件

archives

[D.J.:ˈɑ:kaivz]

n.

档案, 档案馆

archive **

1. archive archives
The archive or archives are a collection of documents and records that contain historical information. You can also use archives to refer to the place where archives are stored.

- ...the archives of the Imperial War Museum...

- I decided I would go to the Archive the next day and look up the appropriate issue.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. archive
Archive material is information that comes from archives.

- ...archive material.

- ...pieces of archive film.

ADJ: ADJ n

archive

noun

1.

record office

museum

registry

repository

archives

2.

records

annals

chronicles

documents

papers

rolls

archivist

[D.J.:ˈɑ:kəvɪst, -ˌkaɪ-]

[K.K.:ˈɑrkəvɪst, -ˌkaɪ-]

n.

档案保管员

archivist

archivist archivists
An archivist is a person whose job is to collect, sort, and care for historical documents and records.
N-COUNT

archway

[D.J.:ˈɑ:tʃwei]

[K.K.:ˈɑrtʃˌwe]

n.

拱门,拱道

archway

archway archways
An archway is a passage or entrance that has a curved roof.

- Access was via a narrow archway.

N-COUNT

arc light

arc light arc lights
Arc lights are a type of very bright electric light.

- ...the brilliant glare of the arc lights.

N-COUNT: usu pl

arctic

[D.J.:ˈɑ:ktɪk, ˈɑ:tɪk]

[K.K.:ˈɑrktɪk, ˈɑrtɪk]

adj.

北极的, 北极区的

极冷的

(态度) 冰冷的; 冷淡的

n.

北极

北极地带;北极圈

(常复数)<美>御寒防水套鞋

arctic *

1. arctic
The Arctic is the area of the world around the North Pole. It is extremely cold and there is very little light in winter and very little darkness in summer.

- ...winter in the Arctic.

- ...Arctic ice.

N-PROPER: the N
≠ Antarctic

2. arctic
If you describe a place or the weather as arctic , you are emphasizing that it is extremely cold. (INFORMAL)

- The bathroom, with its spartan pre-war facilities, is positively arctic.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= freezing

arctic

adjective Informal

freezing

chilly

cold

frigid

frozen

glacial

icy

Arctic Circle

Arctic Circle
The Arctic Circle is an imaginary line drawn around the northern part of the world at approximately 66° North.
N-PROPER: the N

ardent

[D.J.:ˈɑ:dənt]

[K.K.:ˈɑrdnt]

adj.

热心的, 热情的, 热烈的

ardently

adv.

热心地,热烈地

ardent *

1. ardent
Ardent is used to describe someone who has extremely strong feelings about something or someone.

- He's been one of the most ardent supporters of the administration's policy.

- ...an ardent opponent of the Vietnam War.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= fervent passionate

2. ardently

- Why had Hilton defended him so ardently?.

- His reports are often ardently pro-Russian.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

ardent

adjective

1.

passionate

amorous

hot-blooded

impassioned

intense

lusty

2.

enthusiastic

avid

eager

keen

zealous

ardour

[D.J.:ˈɑ:də]

[K.K.:ˈɑrdɚ]

n.

激情,热情

ardour

ardour
Ardour is a strong, intense feeling of love or enthusiasm for someone or something. (LITERARY)

- The sexual ardour had cooled.

- ...my ardor for football.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl (AM) ardor
= passion fervour

ardour

noun

1.

passion

fervour

intensity

spirit

vehemence

warmth

2.

enthusiasm

avidity

eagerness

keenness

zeal

arduous

[D.J.:ˈɑ:dʒu:əs]

[K.K.:ˈɑrdʒuəs]

adj.

艰巨的;艰苦的；费力的;困难的

努力的;勤奋的

陡峭的,难攀登的

难克服的

arduous *

arduous
Something that is arduous is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of effort.

- ...a long, hot and arduous journey...

- The task was more arduous than he had calculated.

ADJ-GRADED

arduous

adjective

difficult

exhausting

fatiguing

gruelling

laborious

onerous

punishing

rigorous

strenuous

taxing

tiring

are

are
Are is the plural and the second person singular of the present tense of the verb be . Are is often shortened to -'re after pronouns in spoken English.

area

[D.J.:ˈɛəriə]

[K.K.:ˈɛriə]

n.

面积

区域, 地区

领域, 方面

area *****

1. area areas
An area is a particular part of a town, a country, a region, or the world.

- ...the large number of community groups in the area...

- 60 years ago half the French population still lived in rural areas.

- ...mountainous areas of Europe, Asia, North and South America.

N-COUNT

2. area areas
Your area is the part of a town, country, or region where you live. An organization's area is the part of a town, country, or region that it is responsible for.

- Local authorities have been responsible for the running of schools in their areas.

- If there is an election in your area, you should go and vote.

N-COUNT: poss N

3. area areas
A particular area is a piece of land or part of a building that is used for a particular activity.

- ...a picnic area.

- ...the main check-in area located in Terminal 1.

N-COUNT: supp N

4. area areas
An area is a particular place on a surface or object, for example on your body.

- You will notice that your baby has two soft areas on the top of his head.

N-COUNT: with supp

5. area areas
The area of a surface such as a piece of land is the amount of flat space or ground that it covers, measured in square units.

- The islands cover a total area of 625.6 square kilometers.

- Although large in area, the flat did not have many rooms.

N-VAR

6. area areas
You can use area to refer to a particular subject or topic, or to a particular part of a larger, more general situation or activity.

- ...the politically sensitive area of old age pensions.

- ...the internationalization of the economy and all other areas of society...

- She wants to be involved in every area of your life.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

7. area areas
On a football pitch, the area is the same as the penalty area . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu sing, the N
= box

area

noun

1.

region

district

locality

neighbourhood

zone

2.

part

portion

section

sector

3.

field

department

domain

province

realm

sphere

territory

area code

area code area codes
The area code for a particular city or region is the series of numbers that you have to dial before someone's personal number if you are making a telephone call to that place from a different area. (mainly AM; in BRIT use dialling code )

- The area code for western Pennsylvania is 412.

N-COUNT

arena

[D.J.:əˈri:nə]

[K.K.:əˈrinə]

n.

表演场地, 竞技场

活动或斗争的场所或场面

arena **

1. arena arenas
An arena is a place where sports, entertainments, and other public events take place. It has seats around it where people sit and watch.

- ...the largest indoor sports arena in the world.

N-COUNT
= stadium

2. arena arenas
You can refer to a field of activity, especially one where there is a lot of conflict or action, as an arena of a particular kind.

- He made it clear he had no intention of withdrawing from the political arena.

- Oil speculation proved a natural arena for his skills.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

arena

noun

1.

ring

amphitheatre

bowl

enclosure

field

ground

stadium

2.

sphere

area

domain

field

province

realm

sector

territory

aren't

[D.J.:ɑ:nt, ˈɑ:rənt]

[K.K.:ɑrnt, ˈɑrənt]

不是

aren't ****

1. aren't
Aren't is the usual spoken form of `are not'.

2. aren't
Aren't is the form of `am not' that is used in questions or tags in spoken English.

Argentine

[D.J.:ˈɑ:dʒəntain]

[K.K.:ˈɑrdʒənˌtaɪn, -ˌtin]

n.

银,银色素,银色工艺材料,阿根廷人

adj.

银的,银色的,阿根廷的

Argentine

1. Argentine
Argentine means the same as Argentinian .

- ...Argentine agricultural products.

ADJ
= Argentinian

2. Argentine Argentines
An Argentine is the same as an Argentinian .
N-COUNT
= Argentinian

Argentinian

adj.

阿根廷的

Argentinian ***

1. Argentinian
Argentinian means belonging or relating to Argentina or its people.

- ...the Argentinian capital, Buenos Aires.

ADJ
= Argentine

2. Argentinian Argentinians
An Argentinian is someone who comes from Argentina.
N-COUNT
= Argentine

argon

[D.J.:ˈɑ:ɡɔn]

[K.K.:ˈɑrˌɡɑn]

n.

氩

argon

argon
Argon is an inert gas which exists in very small amounts in the atmosphere. It is used in electric lights.
N-UNCOUNT

argot

[D.J.:ˈɑ:ɡəu]

[K.K.:ˈɑrɡo, -ɡət]

n.

行话, 黑话

argot

argot argots
An argot is a special language used by a particular group of people, which other people find difficult to understand. (FORMAL)

- ...the argot of the university campus.

- ...footballing argot.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= slang

arguable

[D.J.:ˈɑ:ɡjuəbl]

[K.K.:ˈɑrɡjuəbəl]

adj.

可辩论的,可论证的

arguable

1. arguable
If you say that it is arguable that something is true, you believe that it can be supported by evidence and that many people would agree with it. (FORMAL)

- It is arguable that this was not as grave a handicap as it might appear.

- The judges said there was at least a good arguable case of negligence to answer.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ that

2. arguable
An idea, point, or comment that is arguable is not obviously true or correct and should be questioned. (FORMAL)

- It is arguable whether he ever had much control over the real economic power.

- He said that her remarks disgusted every practising Christian. That claim is arguable.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ whether
= debatable

arguably

[ˈɑ:ɡjuəbli]

adv.

可论证地,正如可提出证据加以证明的那样

arguably *

arguably
You can use arguably when you are stating your opinion or belief, as a way of giving more authority to it.

- They are arguably the most important band since The Rolling Stones.

- Arguably, 1932 was the year of greatest achievement at the Laboratories.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV before v

argue

[D.J.:ˈɑ:ɡju:]

[K.K.:ˈɑrɡju]

vt. & vi.

争吵, 辩论

vt.

坚决主张, 提出理由证明

说服, 劝说

表明

argue ****

1. argue argues arguing argued
If one person argues with another, they speak angrily to each other about something that they disagree about. You can also say that two people argue .

- The committee is concerned about players' behaviour, especially arguing with referees.

- They were still arguing; I could hear them down the road.

V-RECIP

2. argue argues arguing argued
If you tell someone not to argue with you, you want them to do or believe what you say without protest or disagreement.

- Don't argue with me.

- The children go to bed at 10.30. No one dares argue.

VB: usu imper with neg

3. argue argues arguing argued
If you argue with someone about something, you discuss it with them, with each of you giving your different opinions.

- He was arguing with the King about the need to maintain the cavalry at full strength.

- They are arguing over foreign policy.

- The two of them sitting in their office were arguing this point.

V-RECIP

4. argue argues arguing argued
If you argue that something is true, you state it and give the reasons why you think it is true.

- His lawyers are arguing that he is unfit to stand trial.

- It could be argued that the British are not aggressive enough.

VB

5. argue argues arguing argued
If you argue for something, you say why you agree with it, in order to persuade people that it is right. If you argue against something, you say why you disagree with it, in order to persuade people that it is wrong.

- The report argues against tax increases.

- I argued the case for an independent central bank.

VB

6. argue argues arguing argued
If you argue , you support your opinions with evidence in an ordered or logical way.

- I've argued deductively from the text.

- I'd like to argue in a framework that is less exaggerated.

VB

7. argue argues arguing argued
If you say that no-one can argue with a particular fact or opinion, you are emphasizing that it is obviously true and so everyone must accept it. (SPOKEN)

- We produced the best soccer of the tournament. Nobody would argue with that.

VB: with brd-neg emphasis

argue

verb

1.

discuss

assert

claim

debate

dispute

maintain

reason

remonstrate

2.

quarrel

bicker

disagree

dispute

fall out informal

fight

squabble

argue out ****

argue out argues out; arguing out; argued out
If two or more people argue something out , they discuss it or thoroughly in order to reach a conclusion or decision.

- If there's a dispute we argue it out.

- The question of divorce was discussed and argued out in the frankest tones.

PHR-V

argument

[D.J.:ˈɑ:ɡju:mənt]

[K.K.:ˈɑrɡjəmənt]

n.

争论, 争吵, 辩论

说理, 论证

论据, 论点, 理由

argument ****

1. argument arguments
An argument is a statement or set of statements that you use in order to try to convince people that your opinion about something is correct.

- There's a strong argument for lowering the price.

- The doctors have set out their arguments against the proposals.

- It is better to convince by argument than seduce by example.

N-VAR: oft N for/against n/-ing, N that

2. argument arguments
An argument is a discussion or debate in which a number of people put forward different or opposing opinions.

- The incident has triggered fresh arguments about the role of the extreme right in France.

- The issue has caused heated political argument.

N-VAR: oft N about/over n
= debate

3. argument arguments
An argument is a conversation in which people disagree with each other angrily or noisily.

- Anny described how she got into an argument with one of the marchers.

- ...a heated argument.

N-COUNT: oft N with n, N between pl-n

4. argument
If you accept something without argument , you do not question it or disagree with it.

- He complied without argument.

- It should of course be given back. There is no argument about that.

N-UNCOUNT: with brd-neg
= question

argument

noun

1.

quarrel

clash

controversy

disagreement

dispute

feud

fight

row

squabble

2.

discussion

assertion

claim

debate

dispute

plea

questioning

remonstration

3.

reason

argumentation

case

defence

dialectic

ground(s)

line of reasoning

logic

polemic

reasoning

argumentation

[D.J.:ˌɑ:ɡjumenˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɑrɡjəmɛnˈteʃən]

n.

争论,论证,论点,讨论

argumentation

argumentation
Argumentation is the process of arguing in an organized or logical way, for example in philosophy. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= argument debate

argumentative

[D.J.:ˌɑ:ɡjuˈmentətiv]

[K.K.:ˌɑrɡjəˈmɛntətɪv]

adj.

好辩的,争论的

argumentative

argumentative
Someone who is argumentative is always ready to disagree or start quarrelling with other people.

- Great chess players have a reputation for being both eccentric and argumentative.

- You're in an argumentative mood today!

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= quarrelsome

argumentative

adjective

quarrelsome

belligerent

combative

contentious

contrary

disputatious

litigious

opinionated

aria

n.

咏叹调

aria *

aria arias
An aria is a song for one of the leading singers in an opera or choral work.
N-COUNT

arid

[D.J.:ˈærɪd]

[K.K.:ˈærɪd]

adj.

干旱的；干燥的

不毛的；贫瘠的

枯燥的;无生气的

arid *

1. arid
Arid land is so dry that very few plants can grow on it.

- ...new strains of crops that can withstand arid conditions.

- ...the arid zones of the country.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. arid
If you describe something such as a period of your life or an academic subject as arid , you mean that it has so little interest, excitement, or purpose that it makes you feel bored or unhappy.

- She had given him the only joy his arid life had ever known.

- ...the politically arid years of military dictatorship in the 1960s and '70s.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

arid

adjective

1.

dry

barren

desert

parched

sterile

torrid

waterless

2.

boring

dreary

dry

dull

tedious

tiresome

uninspired

uninteresting

Aries

[D.J.:ˈɛəri:z]

[K.K.:ˈɛriz, ˈɛriˌiz]

n.

白羊座,白羊宫

Aries **

1. Aries
Aries is one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. Its symbol is a ram. People who are born approximately between 21st March and 19th April come under this sign.
N-UNCOUNT

2. Aries
An Aries is a person whose sign of the zodiac is Aries.
N-SING: a N

arise

[D.J.:əˈraiz]

[K.K.:əˈraɪz]

vi. & link v.

呈现; 出现; 发生

vi.

起身, 起来, 起立

arisen

[D.J.:əˈrɪzn]

[K.K.:əˈrɪz n..]

(arise的过去分词)

arises

v.

发生,出现,站立

arose

[D.J.:əˈrəʊz]

[K.K.:əˈroz]

arise的过去式

arise ***

1. arise arises arising arose arisen
If a situation or problem arises , it begins to exist or people start to become aware of it.

- ...if a problem arises later in the pregnancy...

- The birds also attack crops when the opportunity arises.

VB
= occur

2. arise arises arising arose arisen
If something arises from a particular situation, or arises out of it , it is created or caused by the situation.

- This serenity arose in part from Rachel's religious beliefs.

- The charges arise out of a long-running fraud enquiry by Merseyside police.

VB

3. arise arises arising arose arisen
If something such as a new species, organization, or system arises , it begins to exist and develop.

- New biological species arise only after the passage of millennia.

VB

4. arise arises arising arose arisen
When you arise , you get out of bed in the morning. (FORMAL)

- He arose at 6:30 a.m. as usual.

VB

5. arise arises arising arose arisen
When you arise from a sitting or kneeling position, you stand up. (FORMAL)

- When I arose from the chair, my father and Eleanor's father were in deep conversation.

- Arise, Sir William.

VB

6. arise arises arising arose arisen
You can say that something tall such as a building or mountain arises from the ground around it. (LITERARY)

- ...the flat terrace, from which arises the cubic volume of the house.

VB
= rise up

arose

Arose is the past tense of arise .

arise

verb

1.

happen

begin

emerge

ensue

follow

occur

result

start

stem

2.

get up

get to one's feet

go up

rise

stand up

wake up

aristocracy

[D.J.:ˌærɪˈstɔkrəsi:]

[K.K.:ˌærɪˈstɑkrəsi]

n.

贵族,统治阶级

贵族统治的国家

一批杰出代表,一批优秀人物

贵族品质；贵族精神；贵族气派

aristocracy *

aristocracy aristocracies
The aristocracy is a class of people in some countries who have a high social rank and special titles.

- ...a member of the aristocracy.

N-COUNT-COLL
= nobility

aristocracy

noun Old-fashioned

upper class

elite

gentry

nobility

patricians

peerage

ruling class

aristocrat

[D.J.:ˈæristəkræt]

[K.K.:əˈrɪstəˌkræt, ˈærɪs-]

n.

贵族

aristocrat *

aristocrat aristocrats
An aristocrat is someone whose family has a high social rank, especially someone who has a title.
N-COUNT

aristocrat

adjective

noble

aristo informal

grandee

lady

lord

patrician

peer

peeress

aristocratic

[ˌæristəˈkrætik]

adj.

贵族的; 贵族气派的, 高贵的

aristocratic *

aristocratic
Aristocratic means belonging to or typical of the aristocracy.

- ...a wealthy, aristocratic family...

- He laughed it off with aristocratic indifference.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

aristocratic

noun

upper-class

blue-blooded

elite

gentlemanly

lordly

noble

patrician

titled

arithmetic

[D.J.:əˈriθmətik]

[K.K.:əˈrɪθmɪtɪk]

n.

算术

计算

arithmetic *

1. arithmetic
Arithmetic is the part of mathematics that is concerned with the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of numbers.

- ...teaching the basics of reading, writing and arithmetic.

- ...an arithmetic test.

N-UNCOUNT

2. arithmetic
You can use arithmetic to refer to the process of doing a particular sum or calculation.

- 4,000 women put in ten rupees each, which if my arithmetic is right adds up to 40,000 rupees.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N

3. arithmetic
If you refer to the arithmetic of a situation, you are concerned with those aspects of it that can be expressed in numbers, and how they affect the situation.

- The budgetary arithmetic for 1993 suggests that government borrowing is set to surge.

- The arithmetic is finely balanced: the socialists and their allies do not have an overall majority.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N

4. arithmetic
Arithmetic means relating to or consisting of calculations involving numbers.

- ...a processor which performs simple arithmetic operations such as adding or multiplying numbers.

ADJ: ADJ n
= arithmetical

arithmetical

[ˌæriθˈmetikəl]

adj.

算术的,算术上的

arithmetical

arithmetical
Arithmetical calculations, processes, or skills involve the addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division of numbers.

- ...complex arithmetical formulae.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

ark

[D.J.:ɑ:k]

[K.K.:ɑrk]

n.

方舟, 大船

(《圣经》中的)方舟

避难所

<美>(笨重的)大平底船

be out of the ark; went out with the ark

极为古老；十分陈旧；过时

ark *

ark
In the Bible, the ark was a large boat which Noah built in order to save his family and two of every kind of animal from the Flood.
N-SING: usu the N

arm

[D.J.:ɑ:m]

[K.K.:ɑrm]

n.

臂

武器, 军火

vt. & vi.

(把…)武装起来

armed

[D.J.:ɑ:md]

adj.

武装的, 带枪的

有把手的,有扶手的

<生>有防护器官的

待发射的；解除保险的

armed to the teeth (with sth)

武装到牙齿；全副武装

arming

[ˈɑ:miŋ]

n.

武装,装备,徽章

arms

[D.J.:ɑ:mz]

n.

武器,军火

战争;战斗,斗争

兵役

纹章;徽章

up in arms (about/over sth)

强烈抗议；极力反对

arm 1 part of your body or of something else *****

1. arm arms
Your arms are the two long parts of your body that are attached to your shoulders and that have your hands at the end.

- She stretched her arms out.

- He had a large parcel under his left arm.

N-COUNT

2. arm arms
The arm of a piece of clothing is the part of it that covers your arm.
N-COUNT
= sleeve

3. arm arms
The arm of a chair is the part on which you rest your arm when you are sitting down.
N-COUNT

4. arm arms
An arm of an object is a long thin part of it that sticks out from the main part.

- ...the lever arm of the machine.

- ...the arms of the doctor's spectacles.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

5. arm arms
An arm of land or water is a long thin area of it that is joined to a broader area.

- At the end of the other arm of Cardigan Bay is Bardsey Island.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

6. arm arms
An arm of an organization is a section of it that operates in a particular country or that deals with a particular activity.

- Millicom Holdings is the British arm of an American company.

- ...the research arm of Congress.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n
= wing

7. arm
If two people are walking arm in arm , they are walking together with their arms linked.

- He walked from the court arm in arm with his wife.

PHR: usu v PHR, oft PHR with n

8. arm
If you say that something costs an arm and a leg , you mean that it is very expensive. (INFORMAL)

- A week at a health farm can cost an arm and a leg.

PHR: PHR after v

9. arm
If you hold something at arm's length , you hold it away from your body with your arm straight.

- He struck a match, and held it at arm's length.

PHR: usu PHR after v

10. arm
If you keep someone at arm's length , you avoid becoming too friendly or involved with them.

- She had always kept the family at arm's length.

PHR

11. arm
If you say that a list is as long as your arm , you are emphasizing that it is very long. (INFORMAL)
PHR: usu v-link PHR emphasis

12. arm
If you welcome some action or change with open arms , you are very pleased about it. If you welcome a person with open arms you are very pleased about their arrival.

- They would no doubt welcome the action with open arms.

- Many Panamanians welcomed the troops with open arms.

PHR: PHR after v approval

13. arm
If you twist someone's arm , you persuade them to do something. (INFORMAL)

- She had twisted his arm to get him to invite her.

PHR: V and N inflect

arm 2 weapons *****

1. arm
Arms are weapons, especially bombs and guns. (FORMAL)

- The IRA had extensive supplies of arms.

- ...arms control.

N-PLURAL: oft N n
= armaments

2. arm arms arming armed
If you arm someone with a weapon, you provide them with a weapon.

- She'd been so terrified that she had armed herself with a loaded rifle.

- Arming the police doesn't deter crime.

VB

3. arm arms arming armed
If you arm someone with something that will be useful in a particular situation, you provide them with it.

- She thought that if she armed herself with all the knowledge she could gather she could handle anything.

- Armed only with a BBC microphone, I travelled across South Africa meeting writers.

VB

4. arm
The arms of a city or of a noble family are its coat of arms. Arms is often used in the names of British pubs.

- ...china painted with the arms of Philippe V.

- ...his local pub, the Abercorn Arms.

N-PLURAL

5. arm
A person's right to bear arms is their right to own and use guns, as a means of defence.
PHR: V inflects

6. arm
If soldiers lay down their arms , they stop fighting and give up their weapons. (OLD-FASHIONED)
PHR: V inflects

7. arm
If one group or country takes up arms against another, they prepare to attack and fight them.

- They threatened to take up arms against the government if their demands were not met.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR against n

8. arm
If a country has people under arms , it has people trained to use weapons and to fight a war.

- There are nearly four million soldiers under arms in this country.

PHR

9. arm
If people are up in arms about something, they are very angry about it and are protesting strongly against it.

- Environmental groups are up in arms about plans to sink an oil well close to Hadrian's Wall.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

armed ****

1. armed
Someone who is armed is carrying a weapon, usually a gun.

- City police said the man was armed with a revolver.

- ...a barbed-wire fence patrolled by armed guards...

- The rebels are well organised, disciplined and very well armed.

ADJ

2. armed
An armed attack or conflict involves people fighting with guns or carrying weapons.

- I call on everyone to renounce the use of violence and armed struggle.

- They had been found guilty of armed robbery.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ unarmed

arm

noun

upper limb

appendage

limb

arm

verb Especially with weapons

equip

accoutre

array

deck out

furnish

issue with

provide

supply

armed

adjective

carrying weapons

equipped

fitted out

primed

protected

arms

plural noun

1.

weapons

armaments

firearms

guns

instruments of war

ordnance

weaponry

2.

heraldry

blazonry

crest

escutcheon

insignia

armada

[D.J.:ɑ:ˈmɑ:də, -ˈmeɪ-]

[K.K.:ɑrˈmɑdə, -ˈme-]

n.

舰队

(16世纪西班牙的)无敌舰队

(飞机)机群,(车辆)大编队

大队(行进的东西)

armada

armada armadas
An armada is a large group of warships.

- An armada of U.S. Navy ships participated in the invasion.

- ...the defeat of the Spanish Armada, 1588.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

armada

noun

fleet

flotilla

navy

squadron

armadillo

[D.J.:ˌɑ:məˈdɪləʊ]

[K.K.:ˌɑrməˈdɪlo]

n.

<动>犰狳

armadillo

armadillo armadillos
An armadillo is a small animal whose body is covered with large bony scales and which rolls itself into a ball when it is attacked. Armadillos are mainly found in South and Central America.
N-COUNT

Armageddon

[D.J.:ˌɑ:məˈɡedən]

[K.K.:ˌɑrməˈɡɛdn]

n.

(《圣经》中说的)世界末日的善恶大决战

Armageddon

Armageddon
Armageddon is a terrible battle or war that some people think will lead to the total destruction of the world or the human race.
N-UNCOUNT

Armagnac

[D.J.:ˈɑ:mənjæk]

[K.K.:ˌɑrmənˈjæk]

n.

(亦作a-)阿马尼亚克酒

Armagnac

Armagnac Armagnacs
Armagnac is a type of brandy made in south-west France.
N-MASS

armament

[D.J.:ˈɑ:məmənt]

[K.K.:ˈɑrməmənt]

n.

武器装备

(一国的)军备,军事力量

战备,备战行动

军火

战斗部；弹头

armament *

1. armament armaments
Armaments are weapons and military equipment belonging to an army or country.

- ...global efforts to reduce nuclear and other armaments.

- ...the armaments industry.

N-PLURAL
= arms

2. armament armaments
Armament is used to refer to weapons and bombs carried by an aircraft or other military vehicle. (MILITARY)

- ...a bomber with twin engines and heavy defensive armament.

N-VAR

3. armament
A country's increase in the number and effectiveness of its weapons is its armament .

- ...the pursuit of national security through national armament...

- The fears have prompted several countries to embark on massive armament plans.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ disarmament

armaments

plural noun

weapons

ammunition

arms

guns

materiel

munitions

ordnance

weaponry

armband

[D.J.:ˈɑ:mˌbænd]

[K.K.:ˈɑrmˌbænd]

n.

臂带；臂章

<英>救生臂环；充气臂圈

armband

1. armband armbands
An armband is a band of fabric that you wear round your upper arm in order to show that you have an official position or belong to a particular group. Some people also wear a black armband to show that a friend or relation has died.
N-COUNT

2. armband armbands
Armbands are plastic rings filled with air that people who are learning to swim wear on their upper arms to help them float. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu pl
= water wings

armchair

[D.J.:ˈɑ:mˌtʃeə]

[K.K.:ˈɑrmˌtʃɛr]

n.

扶手椅

adj.

只说不做的；空谈的；不切实际的

armchair *

1. armchair armchairs
An armchair is a big comfortable chair which has a support on each side for your arms.

- She was sitting in an armchair with blankets wrapped round her.

N-COUNT

2. armchair
An armchair critic, fan, or traveller knows about a particular subject from reading or hearing about it rather than from practical experience.

- The last thing we need are words of wisdom from an armchair critic.

- This great book is ideal for both the travelling supporter and the armchair fan.

ADJ: ADJ n

-armed

1. -armed
-armed is used with adjectives to indicate what kind of arms someone has.

- ...plump-armed women in cotton dresses.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

2. -armed
-armed is used with adjectives such as `nuclear' and nouns such as `missile' to form adjectives that indicate what kind of weapons an army or person has.

- The government is not willing to forsake its status as a nuclear-armed power.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

armed forces ***

armed forces
The armed forces or the armed services of a country are its military forces, usually the army, navy, marines, and air force.
N-PLURAL

armful

[D.J.:ˈɑ:mˌfʊl]

[K.K.:ˈɑrmˌfʊl]

n.

(双臂或单臂的)一抱(之量)

armful

armful armfuls
An armful of something is the amount of it that you can carry fairly easily.

- He hurried out with an armful of brochures.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= armload

armhole

[D.J.:ˈɑ:mhəul]

[K.K.:ˈɑrmˌhol]

n.

袖孔

armhole

armhole armholes
The armholes of something such as a shirt or dress are the openings through which you put your arms, or the places where the sleeves are attached.
N-COUNT

armistice

[D.J.:ˈɑ:mɪstɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɑrmɪstɪs]

n.

停火, 停战

休战协议；停战协议

armistice

armistice
An armistice is an agreement between countries who are at war with one another to stop fighting and to discuss ways of making peace.

- Finally, the Bolsheviks signed an armistice with Germany.

N-SING

armistice

noun

truce

ceasefire

peace

suspension of hostilities

armload

[D.J.:ˈɑ:mˌləʊd]

[K.K.:ˈɑrmˌlod]

n.

(单臂或双臂)一抱之最大量

armload

armload armloads
An armload of something is the same as an armful of something.

- Troy came rushing back in with an armload of kindling wood.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= armful

armour

[D.J.:ˈɑ:mə]

[K.K.:ˈɑrmɚ]

n.

盔甲, 铁甲

装甲

装甲车辆, 装甲部队

armour **

1. armour
In former times, armour was special metal clothing that soldiers wore for protection in battle.

- ...the collection of weapons and armour in the historic White Tower.

- ...knights in armour.

- ...a medieval suit of armour.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) armor

2. armour
Armour consists of tanks and other military vehicles used in battle. (MILITARY)

- ...the biggest movement of heavy British armour since the Second World War.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) armor

3. armour
Armour is a hard, usually metal, covering that protects a vehicle against attack.

- ...a formidable warhead that can penetrate the armour of most tanks.

- ...armour-piercing missiles.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) armor

armour

noun

protection

armour plate

covering

sheathing

shield

armoured

[D.J.:ˈɑ:məd]

adj.

装甲的

配备有装甲车辆的

armoured **

1. armoured
Armoured vehicles are fitted with a hard metal covering in order to protect them from gunfire and other missiles.

- More than forty armoured vehicles carrying troops have been sent into the area.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) armored

2. armoured
Armoured troops are troops in armoured vehicles.

- These front-line defences are backed up by armoured units in reserve.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) armored

armoured

adjective

protected

armour-plated

bombproof

bulletproof

ironclad

mailed

steel-plated

armourer

[ˈɑ:mərə]

n.

枪械或盔甲制造者

军械官

armourer

armourer armourers
An armourer is someone who makes or supplies weapons.
N-COUNT (AM) armorer

armour-plated

adj.

装甲的

armour-plated

armour-plated
An armour-plated vehicle or building has a hard metal covering in order to protect it from gunfire and other missiles.

- He has taken to travelling in an armour-plated car.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) armor-plated

armour-plating

armour-plating
The armour-plating on a vehicle or building is the hard metal covering which is intended to protect it from gunfire and other missiles.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) armor-plating

armoury

[ˈɑ:məri]

n.

军械库,武器厂

armoury *

1. armoury armouries
A country's armoury is all the weapons and military equipment that it has.

- Nuclear weapons will play a less prominent part in NATO's armoury in the future.

- Delegates signed a treaty to reduce the armouries of conventional weapons in Europe.

N-COUNT: usu supp N (AM) armory

2. armoury armouries
An armoury is a place where weapons, bombs, and other military equipment are stored.
N-COUNT (AM) armory
= arsenal

3. armoury armouries
In the United States, an armoury is a building used by the National Guard or Army Reserve for meetings and training.
N-COUNT (AM) armory

4. armoury armouries
An armoury is a factory where weapons are made. (AM)
N-COUNT (AM) armory

5. armoury armouries
You can refer to a large number of things which someone has available for a particular purpose as their armoury . (BRIT)

- The strongest weapon in the government's armoury is the price cuts announced on Saturday.

- Modern medicine has a large armoury of drugs for the treatment of mental illness.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp (AM) armory
= arsenal

armpit

[D.J.:ˈɑ:mˌpɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɑrmˌpɪt]

n.

腋窝;胳肢窝

丑陋的地方;肮脏的角落

armpit *

armpit armpits
Your armpits are the areas of your body under your arms where your arms join your shoulders.
N-COUNT

armrest

[D.J.:ˈɑ:mˌrest]

[K.K.:ˈɑrmˌrɛst]

n.

(座位的)靠手,扶手

armrest

armrest armrests
The armrests on a chair are the two pieces on either side that support your arms when you are sitting down.
N-COUNT also arm rest

arms race *

arms race
An arms race is a situation in which two countries or groups of countries are continually trying to get more and better weapons than each other.

- ...a conference on ways to control the arms race in the region.

N-SING

army

[D.J.:ˈɑ:mi]

[K.K.:ˈɑrmi]

n.

军队, 陆军

大群, 大批

army *****

1. army armies
An army is a large organized group of people who are armed and trained to fight on land in a war. Most armies are organized and controlled by governments.

- After returning from France, he joined the army.

- The army is about to launch a major offensive.

- ...a top-ranking army officer.

N-COUNT-COLL

2. army armies
An army of people, animals, or things is a large number of them, especially when they are regarded as a force of some kind.

- ...data collected by an army of volunteers.

- ...armies of ants.

- ...the army of television cameras outside his house.

N-COUNT-COLL: N of n

army

noun

1.

soldiers

armed force

legions

military

military force

soldiery

troops

2.

vast number

array

horde

host

multitude

pack

swarm

throng

A-road

[ˈeiˈrəud]

〈英〉A级公路,主车道

A-road *

A-road A-roads
In Britain, an A-road is a major road. A-roads are narrower than motorways but are wider and straighter than B-roads.
N-COUNT

aroma

[D.J.:əˈrəʊmə]

[K.K.:əˈromə]

n.

芳香, 香味

气味

风味;韵味

aroma *

aroma aromas
An aroma is a strong, pleasant smell.

- ...the wonderful aroma of freshly baked bread.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

aroma

noun

scent

bouquet

fragrance

odour

perfume

redolence

savour

smell

aromatherapist

aromatherapist aromatherapists
An aromatherapist is a person who is qualified to practise aromatherapy.
N-COUNT

aromatherapy

[D.J.:əˌrəʊməˈθerəpi:]

[K.K.:əˌroməˈθɛrəpi]

n.

用香料按摩

aromatherapy *

aromatherapy
Aromatherapy is a type of treatment which involves massaging the body with special fragrant oils.
N-UNCOUNT

aromatic

[D.J.:ˌærəˈmætɪk]

[K.K.:ˌærəˈmætɪk]

adj.

芳香的；有香味的

<化>芳香族的

n.

芳香植物

芳香剂;芳香药物

aromatic *

aromatic
An aromatic plant or food has a strong, pleasant smell of herbs or spices.

- ...an evergreen shrub with deep green, aromatic leaves...

- An aromatic beef stew waited on the stove.

ADJ-GRADED
= fragrant

aromatic

adjective

fragrant

balmy

perfumed

pungent

redolent

savoury

spicy

sweet-scented

sweet-smelling

around

[D.J.:əˈraund]

[K.K.:əˈraʊnd]

adv.

在周围, 在附近

到处, 四周

大约

prep.

(表示位置)围绕, 绕在; 在…各处, 在…范围之内; 在…附近, 在…周围

(表示方向)绕过, 越过; 朝…的四周, 往…的四周

(表示状态)包着, 裹着; 在…身边, 接近(某人)

(表示依据)以…为中心, 根据

around *****

( Around is an adverb and a preposition. In British English, the word `round' is often used instead. Around is often used with verbs of movement, such as `walk' and `drive', and also in phrasal verbs such as `get around' and `hand around'.)

1. around
To be positioned around a place or object means to surround it or be on all sides of it. To move around a place means to go along its edge, back to your starting point.

- She looked at the papers around her.

- Today she wore her hair down around her shoulders.

- ...a prosperous suburb built around a new mosque.

PREP

2. around
Also an adverb.

- ...a village with a rocky river, a ruined castle and hills all around...

- The Memorial seems almost ugly, dominating the landscape for miles around.

ADV: n ADV

3. around
If you move around a corner or obstacle, you move to the other side of it. If you look around a corner or obstacle, you look to see what is on the other side.

- The photographer stopped clicking and hurried around the corner.

- I peered around the edge of the shed -- there was no sign of anyone else.

PREP

4. around
If you turn around , you turn so that you are facing in the opposite direction.

- I turned around and wrote the title on the blackboard.

- He straightened up slowly and spun around on the stool to face us.

ADV: ADV after v

5. around
If you move around a place, you travel through it, going to most of its parts. If you look around a place, you look at every part of it.

- I've been walking around Moscow and the town is terribly quiet.

- He glanced discreetly around the room at the other people.

PREP

6. around
Also an adverb.

- He backed away from the edge, looking all around at the flat horizon.

ADV: ADV after v

7. around
If someone moves around a place, they move through various parts of that place without having any particular destination.

- These days much of my time is spent weaving my way around drinks parties.

- They milled around the ballroom with video cameras.

PREP

8. around
Also an adverb.

- My mornings are spent rushing around after him.

- ...a scruffy youth wandering around looking lost.

ADV: ADV after v

9. around
If you go around to someone's house, you visit them.

- She helped me unpack my things and then we went around to see the other girls.

ADV: ADV after v

10. around
You use around in expressions such as sit around and hang around when you are saying that someone is spending time in a place and not doing anything very important.

- I'm just going to be hanging around twiddling my thumbs.

- After breakfast the next morning they sat around for an hour discussing political affairs.

ADV: ADV after v

11. around
Also a preposition.

- He used to skip lessons and hang around the harbor with some other boys.

PREP

12. around
If you move things around , you move them so that they are in different places.

- Furniture in the classroom should not be changed around without warning the blind child.

- She moved things around so the table was beneath the windows.

ADV: ADV after v

13. around
If a wheel or object turns around , it turns.

- The boat started to spin around in the water.

ADV: ADV after v

14. around
You use around to say that something happens in different parts of a place or area.

- Police in South Africa say ten people have died in scattered violence around the country.

- Elephants were often to be found in swamp in eastern Kenya around the Tana River.

- ...pests and diseases around the garden.

PREP

15. around
Also an adverb.

- What the hell do you think you're doing following me around?.

- Giovanni has the best Parma ham for miles around.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV

16. around
If someone or something is around , they exist or are present in a place.

- You haven't seen my publisher anywhere around, have you?.

- Just having lots of people around that you can talk to is important.

- You see very little of this wine around these days.

ADV

17. around
The people around you are the people who you come into contact with, especially your friends and relatives, and the people you work with.

- We change our behaviour by observing the behaviour of those around us.

- Those around her would forgive her for weeping.

PREP

18. around
If something such as a film, a discussion, or a plan is based around something, that thing is its main theme.

- ...the gentle comedy based around the Larkin family...

- The discussion centered around four subjects.

- ...a government whose economic policy was built around low interest rates.

PREP

19. around
You use around in expressions such as this time around or to come around when you are describing something that has happened before or things that happen regularly.

- Senator Bentsen has declined to get involved this time around.

- When July Fourth comes around, the residents of Columbia City throw a noisy party.

ADV: n ADV, ADV after v

20. around
When you are giving measurements, you can use around to talk about the distance along the edge of something round.

- She was 5 foot 4 inches, 38 around the chest, 28 around the waist and 40 around the hips.

PREP

21. around
Around means approximately.

- My salary was around £19,000 plus a car and expenses.

- Rolls Royce produces around 1,000 extremely desirable cars a year.

ADV
= about

22. around
Also a preposition.

- He expects the elections to be held around November.

PREP

23. around
Around about means approximately. (SPOKEN)

- There is an outright separatist party but it only scored around about 10 percent in the vote.

- He's charging you around about a hundred pounds an hour for his services.

PHR-PREP

24. around
You say all around to indicate that something affects all parts of a situation or all members of a group.

- He compared the achievements of the British and the French during 1916 and concluded that the latter were better all around.

PHR: cl PHR

25. around
If someone has been around , they have had a lot of experience of different people and situations. (INFORMAL)

- He knows what to do. He's been around.

- He's been around a long time and has acquired a number of skills.

PHR

around

preposition

1.

surrounding

about

encircling

enclosing

encompassing

on all sides of

on every side of

2.

approximately

about

circa used with dates

roughly

adverb

3.

everywhere

about

all over

here and there

in all directions

on all sides

throughout

to and fro

4.

near

at hand

close

close at hand

nearby

nigh archaic or dialect

arousal

[əˈrauzəl]

n.

觉醒,激励

arousal *

1. arousal
Arousal is the state of being sexually excited.

- ...sexual arousal...

- Use this technique to control your level of arousal.

N-UNCOUNT

2. arousal
Arousal is a state in which you feel excited or very alert, for example as a result of fear, stress, or anger.

- Thinking angry thoughts can provoke strong physiological arousal.

N-UNCOUNT

arouse

[D.J.:əˈrauz]

[K.K.:əˈraʊz]

vt.

唤醒

引起, 激发

arouse **

1. arouse arouses arousing aroused
If something arouses a particular reaction or attitude in people, it causes them to have that reaction or attitude.

- His revolutionary work in linguistics has aroused intense scholarly interest.

- ...the deep public anger you have aroused.

VB

2. arouse arouses arousing aroused
If something arouses a particular feeling or instinct that exists in someone, it causes them to experience that feeling or instinct strongly.

- There is nothing quite like a crisp, dry sherry to arouse the appetite.

- He aroused her mothering instincts.

VB

3. arouse arouses arousing aroused
If you are aroused by something, it makes you feel sexually excited.

- Some men are aroused when their partner says erotic words to them.

VB: usu passive

4. aroused

- Some men feel that they get most sexually aroused in the morning.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

5. arousing

- Being stroked by a partner is usually more arousing than stroking yourself.

ADJ-GRADED

6. arouse arouses arousing aroused
If something arouses you, it makes you feel angry.

- He apologized, saying this subject always aroused him.

VB

7. arouse arouses arousing aroused
If something arouses you from sleep, it wakes you up. (WRITTEN)

- About two o'clock, we were aroused from our sleep by a knocking at the door.

VB
= awaken

arouse

verb

1.

stimulate

excite

incite

instigate

provoke

spur

stir up

summon up

whip up

2.

awaken

rouse

waken

wake up

arr

abbr.

arrival, arrive 到达;抵达

arr

abbr.

arrival,arrive 到达;抵达

arr.

1. arr.
Arr. is a written abbreviation for arrives . It is used on timetables to indicate what time a bus, train, or plane will reach a place.

- ...dep. Victoria 1927, arr. Ramsgate 2110.

= arrives

2. arr.
Arr. is a written abbreviation for arranged . It is used to show that a piece of music written by one person has been rewritten in a different way or for different instruments by another person.

- `A Good New Year', sung by Kenneth McKellar, (Trad., Arr. Knight).

arraign

[D.J.:əˈreɪn]

[K.K.:əˈren]

vt.

告发,控告；传讯

指责,责难

arraignment

n.

arraignment

n.

提问,传讯,责难

arraign

arraign arraigns arraigning arraigned
If someone is arraigned on a particular charge, they are brought before a court of law to answer that charge. (LEGAL)

- She was arraigned today on charges of assault and kidnapping.

- He was arraigned for criminally abetting a traitor.

VB: usu passive

arraignment

arraignment arraignments
Arraignment is when someone is brought before a court of law to answer a particular charge. (LEGAL)

- Keating and his associates are scheduled for arraignment October 5th.

- Crowds appeared at the arraignments, prompting more clashes with security forces.

N-VAR

arrange

[D.J.:əˈreindʒ]

[K.K.:əˈrendʒ]

vt. & vi.

安排; 准备

vt.

整理; 布置

arranged

安排,准备,计划

arrange ***

1. arrange arranges arranging arranged
If you arrange an event or meeting, you make plans for it to happen.

- She arranged an appointment for Friday afternoon at four-fifteen.

- This time it was a friend ringing to try to arrange a fishing trip in Scotland.

- The Russian leader threw the carefully arranged welcome into chaos.

VB

2. arrange arranges arranging arranged
If you arrange with someone to do something, you make plans with them to do it.

- I've arranged to see him on Friday morning.

- It was arranged that the party would gather for lunch in the Royal Garden Hotel.

- He had arranged for the boxes to be stored until they could be collected.

VB

3. arrange arranges arranging arranged
If you arrange something for someone, you make it possible for them to have it or to do it.

- I will arrange for someone to take you round.

- The hotel manager will arrange for a baby-sitter.

- I've arranged your hotels for you.

- Transport is not included but can be arranged.

VB

4. arrange arranges arranging arranged
If you arrange things somewhere, you place them in a particular position, usually in order to make them look attractive or tidy.

- When she has a little spare time she enjoys arranging dried flowers.

- He started to arrange the books in piles.

- A number of seats have been arranged in front of the painting.

VB

5. arrange arranges arranging arranged
If a piece of music is arranged by someone, it is changed or adapted so that it is suitable for particular instruments or voices, or for a particular performance.

- The songs were arranged by another well-known bass player, Ron Carter.

VB: usu passive

arranged

arranged
If you say how things are arranged , you are talking about their position in relation to each other or to something else.

- The house itself is three stories high and arranged around a courtyard.

- They lived in neatly-arranged little houses.

ADJ
= planned

arrange

verb

1.

plan

construct

contrive

devise

fix up

organize

prepare

2.

agree

adjust

come to terms

compromise

determine

settle

3.

put in order

classify

group

line up

order

organize

position

sort

4.

adapt

instrument

orchestrate

score

arranged marriage

arranged marriage arranged marriages
In an arranged marriage , the parents choose the person who their son or daughter will marry.
N-COUNT

arrangement

[D.J.:əˈreindʒmənt]

[K.K.:əˈrendʒmənt]

n.

安排; 解决办法

约定; 协议

布置好的东西

改编曲

arrangement ***

1. arrangement arrangements
Arrangements are plans and preparations which you make so that something will happen or be possible.

- The staff is working frantically on final arrangements for the summit.

- She telephoned Ellen, but made no arrangements to see her.

- I am in charge of all the travel arrangements.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N for n, N to-inf

2. arrangement arrangements
An arrangement is an agreement that you make with someone to do something.

- The caves can be visited only by prior arrangement.

- Her class teacher made a special arrangement to discuss her progress at school once a month.

N-COUNT: also by N

3. arrangement arrangements
An arrangement of things, for example flowers or furniture, is a group of them displayed in a particular way.

- The house was always decorated with imaginative flower arrangements.

- ...an arrangement of dark-blue armchairs around a coffee table.

N-COUNT: with supp

4. arrangement arrangements
If someone makes an arrangement of a piece of music, they change it so that it is suitable for particular voices or instruments, or for a particular performance.

- ...an arrangement of a well-known piece by Mozart...

- Glen Bronka wrote his own orchestral arrangements.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

arrangement

noun

often plural 1.

plan

organization

planning

preparation

provision

schedule

2.

agreement

adjustment

compact

compromise

deal

settlement

terms

3.

order

alignment

classification

form

organization

structure

system

4.

adaptation

instrumentation

interpretation

orchestration

score

version

arranger

传动装置

arranger

1. arranger arrangers
An arranger is a musician who arranges music by other composers, either for particular instruments or voices, or for a particular performance.
N-COUNT

2. arranger arrangers
An arranger is a person who arranges things for other people.

- ...a loan arranger.

N-COUNT

arrant

[D.J.:ˈærənt]

[K.K.:ˈærənt]

adj.

彻头彻尾的, 完全的

arrant

arrant
Arrant is used to emphasize that something or someone is very bad in some way.

- That's the most arrant nonsense I've ever heard.

- ...an arrant coward.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= unmitigated

array

[D.J.:əˈrei]

[K.K.:əˈre]

n.

展示, 陈列, 一系列

衣服, 服装

数组, 阵列

vt.

部署兵力; 排列, 整队

盛装, 打扮, 装饰

array **

1. array arrays
An array of different things or people is a large number or wide range of them.

- As the deadline approached she experienced a bewildering array of emotions.

- A dazzling array of celebrities are expected at the Mayfair gallery to see the pictures.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu sing, N of n

2. array arrays
An array of objects is a collection of them that is displayed or arranged in a particular way.

- There was an impressive array of pill bottles stacked on top of the fridge.

- We visited the local markets and saw wonderful arrays of fruit and vegetables.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n

3. array arrays
An array of instruments such as telescopes or solar panels is a number of them that are connected together to form a single unit.
N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft adj N, N of n

4. array arrays
In science and mathematics, an array of things such as atoms or numbers is a regular pattern or structure that is formed by them. (TECHNICAL)

- ...methods which can be used to create an ordered array of molecules within materials...

- The image is then stored on the computer hard disk as a vast array of black or white dots.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

array

noun

1.

arrangement

collection

display

exhibition

formation

line-up

parade

show

supply

2.

clothing

apparel

attire

clothes

dress

finery

garments

regalia

verb

3.

arrange

display

exhibit

group

parade

range

show

4.

dress

adorn

attire

clothe

deck

decorate

festoon

arrayed

1. arrayed
If things are arrayed in a particular way, they are arranged or displayed in that way. (FORMAL)

- Cartons of Chinese food were arrayed on a large oak table.

- ...how molecules are arrayed in materials such as plastics and other polymers.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ prep/adv

2. arrayed
If something such as a military force is arrayed against someone, it is ready and able to be used against them. (FORMAL)

- The trouble with all such proposals is that so many powerful interests are arrayed against them.

- Napoleon ultimately failed in his plan to defeat the two armies arrayed against him.

ADJ: v-link ADJ against n

3. arrayed
If someone is arrayed in particular clothes, especially attractive or beautiful ones, they are dressed in those clothes. (LITERARY)

- Sabrina has discarded her habitual boilersuit and is arrayed in black mini and tights.

- ...gorgeously arrayed priests.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep/adv, adv ADJ
= clothed

arrears

[D.J.:əˈrɪəz]

[K.K.:əˈrɪrz]

n.

欠款, 未付清的款项

(工作等的)拖延,耽搁

待完成的事

in arrears

拖欠；拖延

arrears *

1. arrears
Arrears are amounts of money that you owe, especially regular payments that you should have made earlier.

- They have promised to pay the arrears over the next five years.

- These 50,000 arrears cases represent a tiny fraction of all home owners.

N-PLURAL

2. arrears
If someone is in arrears with their payments, or has got into arrears , they have not paid the regular amounts of money that they should have paid.

- ...the 300,000 households who are more than six months in arrears with their mortgages.

- ...debtor countries which fall into arrears with the banks.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v, oft amount PHR, PHR with/on n

3. arrears
If sums of money such as wages or taxes are paid in arrears , they are paid at the end of the period of time to which they relate, for example after a job has been done and the wages have been earned.

- Unemployment benefit is paid fortnightly in arrears.

PHR: PHR after v
≠ in advance

4. arrears
If someone is in arrears in a sports match or race, they are not winning, because they have a lower score or slower time than other competitors. (BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- Davies finished almost two seconds in arrears for third place.

PHR
= behind

arrest

[D.J.:əˈrest]

[K.K.:əˈrɛst]

vt.

逮捕; 拘捕

制止; 阻止

吸引

arresting

[D.J.:əˈrestiŋ]

[K.K.:əˈrɛstɪŋ]

adj.

引人注意的,可观的

arrest ****

1. arrest arrests arresting arrested
If the police arrest you, they take charge of you and take you to a police station, because they believe you may have committed a crime.

- Police arrested five young men in connection with one of the attacks.

- The police say seven people were arrested for minor offences.

VB

2. arrest arrests
Also a noun.

- ...a substantial reward for information leading to the arrest of the bombers...

- Police chased the fleeing terrorists and later made two arrests.

- Murder squad detectives approached the man and placed him under arrest.

N-VAR: oft under N

3. arrest arrests arresting arrested
If something or someone arrests a process, they stop it continuing. (FORMAL)

- The sufferer may have to make major changes in his or her life to arrest the disease.

- The law could arrest the development of good research if applied prematurely.

VB

4. arrest arrests arresting arrested
If something interesting or surprising arrests your attention, you suddenly notice it and then continue to look at it or consider it carefully. (FORMAL)

- The work of an architect of genius always arrests the attention no matter how little remains.

- As he reached the hall after her, he saw what had arrested her.

VB

5. arresting

- The most arresting feature is the painted wall decoration.

ADJ-GRADED

arrest

verb Poetic

1.

capture

apprehend

catch

detain

nick slang chiefly Brit.

seize

take prisoner

2.

stop

block

delay

end

inhibit

interrupt

obstruct

slow

suppress

3.

grip

absorb

engage

engross

fascinate

hold

intrigue

occupy

noun

4.

capture

bust informal

cop slang

detention

seizure

5.

stopping

blockage

delay

end

hindrance

interruption

obstruction

suppression

arresting

adjective

striking

engaging

impressive

noticeable

outstanding

remarkable

stunning

surprising

arrival

[D.J.:əˈraivəl]

[K.K.:əˈraɪvəl]

n.

到达, 抵达

到达者, 到达物

arrival ***

1. arrival arrivals
When a person or vehicle arrives at a place, you can refer to their arrival .

- ...the day after his arrival in England...

- He was dead on arrival at the nearby hospital.

- ...the airport arrivals hall.

- ...the arrival gate at Penn Station.

N-VAR: oft with poss, on N
≠ departure

2. arrival arrivals
When someone starts a new job, you can refer to their arrival in that job.

- ...the power vacuum created by the arrival of a new president...

- The company had eight departures and 11 new arrivals on its management board in 1980-89.

N-VAR: oft with poss
≠ departure

3. arrival
When something is brought to you or becomes available, you can refer to its arrival .

- I was flicking idly through a newspaper while awaiting the arrival of orange juice and coffee.

- The coronation broadcast marked the arrival of television.

N-SING: usu with poss

4. arrival
When a particular time comes or a particular event happens, you can refer to its arrival .

- He celebrated the arrival of the New Year with a bout of drinking that nearly killed him.

N-SING: usu N of n
= coming

5. arrival arrivals
You can refer to someone who has just arrived at a place as a new arrival .

- A high proportion of the new arrivals are skilled professionals.

- He was the most junior and most recent arrival at the embassy.

N-COUNT: usu adj N
= newcomer

6. arrival
When a baby is born, you can refer to its arrival .

- ...a couple anticipating the arrival of a new child.

N-SING: usu with poss
= birth

7. arrival arrivals
You can refer to a baby who has just been born as a new arrival .

- Her father was besotted with the new arrival.

N-COUNT: usu adj N

arrival

noun

1.

coming

advent

appearance

arriving

entrance

happening

occurrence

taking place

2.

newcomer

caller

entrant

incomer

visitor

arrive

[D.J.:əˈraiv]

[K.K.:əˈraɪv]

vi.

到达, 来

发生

arrive ****

1. arrive arrives arriving arrived
When a person or vehicle arrives at a place, they come to it at the end of a journey.

- Fresh groups of guests arrived.

- ...a small group of commuters waiting for their train, which arrived on time...

- The Princess Royal arrived at Gatwick this morning from Jamaica.

VB
≠ depart

2. arrive arrives arriving arrived
When you arrive at a place, you come to it for the first time in order to stay, live, or work there.

- ...in the old days before the European settlers arrived in the country.

- ...a young student newly arrived in England from New Zealand.

VB

3. arrive arrives arriving arrived
When something such as letter or meal arrives , it is brought or delivered to you.

- Any entry arriving after the closing date will not be considered.

- Breakfast arrived while he was in the bathroom.

VB

4. arrive arrives arriving arrived
When something such as a new product or invention arrives , it becomes available.

- Several long-awaited videos will finally arrive in the shops this month.

- They'll be ready to embrace the new technology when it arrives.

VB
= appear

5. arrive arrives arriving arrived
When a particular moment or event arrives , it happens, especially after you have been waiting for it or expecting it.

- The time has arrived when I need to give up smoking.

- ...the belief that the army would be much further forward before winter arrived.

VB

6. arrive arrives arriving arrived
When you arrive at something such as a decision, you decide something after thinking about it or discussing it.

- ...if the jury cannot arrive at a unanimous decision...

- These figures are arrived at on the basis of dentists' receipts for 1991-2.

VB

7. arrive arrives arriving arrived
When a baby arrives , it is born.

- It's very unlikely that your baby will arrive before you get to hospital.

VB

8. arrive arrives arriving arrived
If you say that someone has arrived , you mean that they have become successful or famous. (INFORMAL)

- These are cars which show you've arrived and had a good time along the way.

VB
= make it

arrive

verb

1.

come

appear

enter

get to

reach

show up informal

turn up

2.

succeed

become famous

make good

make it informal

make the grade informal

arriviste

[D.J.:æri:ˈvist]

[K.K.:æriˈvist]

n.

暴发户,一心想发迹的人

arriviste

arriviste arrivistes
You describe someone as an arriviste when you are criticizing them because they are trying very hard to belong to an influential or important social group which you feel they have no right to belong to. (FORMAL)

- A woman regarded by some as a pushy arriviste.

- The new arrivals would not be political arrivistes.

N-COUNT disapproval

arrogance

[D.J.:ˈærə gəns]

[K.K.:ˈærəɡəns]

n.

傲慢;自大;自负

arrogant

[D.J.:ˈærəɡənt]

[K.K.:ˈærəɡənt]

adj.

傲慢的, 自大的

arrogantly

adv.

自大地,傲慢地

arrogant **

1. arrogant
Someone who is arrogant behaves in a proud, unpleasant way towards other people because they believe that they are more important than others.

- He was so arrogant.

- That sounds arrogant, doesn't it?

- ...an air of arrogant indifference.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. arrogance

- At times the arrogance of those in power is quite blatant.

N-UNCOUNT

3. arrogantly

- Later, Simpson arrogantly claimed: `We won't lose another game.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

arrogance

noun Informal

conceit

disdainfulness

haughtiness

high-handedness

insolence

pride

superciliousness

swagger

arrogant

adjective

conceited

disdainful

haughty

high-handed

overbearing

proud

scornful

supercilious

arrogate

[D.J.:ˈærəˌgeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈærəˌɡet]

vt.

冒称, 妄取

没来由地把...归属(于)

arrogate

arrogate arrogates arrogating arrogated
If someone arrogates to themselves something such as a responsibility or privilege, they claim or take it even though they have no right to do so. (FORMAL)

- The assembly arrogated to itself the right to alter the relationships within the Federation.

- He arrogated the privilege to himself alone.

VB disapproval

arrow

[D.J.:ˈærəu]

[K.K.:ˈæro]

n.

箭, 矢, 箭状物

箭号, 箭头

arrow **

1. arrow arrows
An arrow is a long thin weapon which is sharp and pointed at one end and which often has feathers at the other end. An arrow is shot from a bow.

- Warriors armed with bows and arrows and spears have invaded their villages.

N-COUNT

2. arrow arrows
An arrow is a written or printed sign that consists of a straight line with another line bent at a sharp angle at one end. This is a printed arrow: ->. The arrow points in a particular direction to indicate where something is.

- A series of arrows points the way to the modest grave of Andrei Sakharov.

N-COUNT

arrow

noun

1.

dart

bolt

flight

quarrel

shaft archaic

2.

pointer

indicator

arrowhead

[D.J.:ˈærəʊhed]

n.

箭头；箭镟；楔形符号

<植>慈菇

arrowhead

arrowhead arrowheads
An arrowhead is the sharp, pointed part of an arrow.
N-COUNT also arrow-head

arrowroot

[D.J.:ˈærəuru:t]

[K.K.:ˈæroˌrut, -ˌrʊt]

n.

竹芋粉

arrowroot

arrowroot
Arrowroot is a substance obtained from a West Indian plant. It is used in cooking, for example for thickening sauces or in making biscuits.
N-UNCOUNT

arse

[D.J.:ɑ:s]

[K.K.:ɑrs]

n.

肛门, 屁股

arse *

arse arses
Your arse is your bottom. ( VERY RUDE) (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use ass )
N-COUNT
a pain in the arse : see pain .

arse around, arse about *

arse around arses around; arsing around; arsed around
If you say that someone is arsing around or arsing about , you mean that they are behaving in a silly, irritating way instead of getting something done. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
PHR-V: usu cont, V P

arsehole

[ˈɑ:sˌhəul]

n.

蠢猪

肛门; 屁眼

arsehole

arsehole arseholes
If one person calls another person an arsehole , they think that person is extremely stupid or has behaved in a stupid way. ( VERY RUDE) (BRIT; in AM use asshole )
N-COUNT disapproval

arsenal

[D.J.:ˈɑ:sənəl]

[K.K.:ˈɑrsənəl]

n.

兵工厂,军火库

任何事物的集成

arsenal *

1. arsenal arsenals
An arsenal is a large collection of weapons and military equipment held by a country, group, or person.

- Russia and the other republics are committed to destroying most of their nuclear arsenals.

- They possess a formidable arsenal of rifles, machine guns, landmines and teargas.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. arsenal arsenals
An arsenal is a building where weapons and military equipment are stored.

- The murder weapon was part of a haul stolen in a raid on a South African air-force arsenal in 1990.

N-COUNT
= armoury

3. arsenal arsenals
You can use arsenal to refer to a large number of tools, methods, or resources that someone has available to help them achieve what they want they want to do.

- Managers use a full arsenal of motivational techniques to get employees to take risks.

- He has more punches in his arsenal than other boxers.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

arsenal

noun

armoury

ammunition dump

arms depot

ordnance depot

stockpile

store

storehouse

supply

arsenic

[D.J.:ˈɑ:sənɪk]

[K.K.:ˈɑrsənɪk]

n.

砷

三氧化二砷,砒霜

adj.

砷的;含砷(主要指五价砷)的

arsenic

arsenic
Arsenic is a very strong poison which can kill people.
N-UNCOUNT

arson

[D.J.:ˈɑ:sn]

[K.K.:ˈɑrsən]

n.

纵火(罪)

arson *

arson
Arson is the crime of deliberately setting fire to a building or vehicle.

- ...a terrible wave of rioting, theft and arson...

- They vented their anger by carrying out arson attacks.

N-UNCOUNT

arsonist

[D.J.:ˈɑ:sənɪst]

[K.K.: ˈɑrsənɪst]

n.

纵火犯

arsonist

arsonist arsonists
An arsonist is a person who deliberately sets fire to a building or vehicle.
N-COUNT

art

[D.J.:ɑ:t]

[K.K.:ɑrt]

n.

艺术, 美术

技能, 技巧

art.

冠词

arts

[ɑ:ts]

n.

文科

art *****

1. art
Art consists of paintings, sculpture, and other pictures or objects which are created for people to look at and admire or think deeply about.

- ...the first exhibition of such art in the West.

- ...contemporary and modern American art.

- ...Whitechapel Art Gallery.

N-UNCOUNT

2. art
Art is the activity or educational subject that consists of creating paintings, sculptures, and other pictures or objects for people to look at and admire or think deeply about.

- ...a painter, content to be left alone with her all-absorbing art.

- ...Farnham College of Art and Design.

- ...art lessons.

N-UNCOUNT

3. art arts
The arts are activities such as music, painting, literature, cinema, and dance, which people can take part in for enjoyment, or to create works which express serious meanings or ideas of beauty.

- Catherine the Great was a patron of the arts and sciences.

- ...the Arts Council of Great Britain.

- ...the Wexner Centre for the Visual Arts.

- ...the art of cinema.

N-VAR: usu the N in pl

4. art arts
At a university or college, arts are subjects such as history, literature, or languages in contrast to scientific subjects.

- ...arts and social science graduates.

- ...the Faculty of Arts.

N-PLURAL: oft N n
≠ sciences

5. art
Arts or art is used in the names of theatres or cinemas which show plays or films that are intended to make the audience think deeply about the content, and not simply to entertain them.

- ...the Cambridge Arts Cinema.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. art arts
If you describe an activity as an art , you mean that it requires skill and that people learn to do it by instinct or experience, rather than by learning facts or rules.

- ...pioneers who transformed clinical medicine from an art to a science.

- ...the unscientific arts of seduction and romance.

N-COUNT

7. art
Art is an old-fashioned form of the second person singular of the present tense of the verb be .

- Father, I know thou art aware of me at all times.

art

noun

skill

craft

expertise

ingenuity

mastery

virtuosity

Art Deco

Art Deco
Art Deco is a style of decoration and architecture that was common in the 1920s and 30s. It uses simple, bold designs on materials such as plastic and glass.

- ...art deco lamps.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also art deco

artefact

[D.J.:ˈɑ:tifækt]

[K.K.:ˈɑrtəˌfækt]

n.

人工制品(尤指有考古价值的工具或武器)

artefact *

artefact artefacts
An artefact is an ornament, tool, or other object that is made by a human being, especially one that is historically or culturally interesting.
N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) artifact

arterial

[D.J.:ɑ:ˈtiəriəl]

[K.K.:ɑrˈtɪriəl]

adj.

动脉的, 似动脉的

arterial

1. arterial
Arterial means involving or relating to your arteries and the movement of blood through your body.

- ...people with arterial disease.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. arterial
An arterial road or railway is a main road or railway within a complex road or railway system.

- ...one of the main arterial roads through the city.

ADJ: ADJ n

arteriosclerosis

[D.J.:ɑ:ˌtɪəri:əʊskləˈrəʊsɪs]

[K.K.:ɑrˌtɪrioskləˈrosɪs]

n.

动脉硬化

arteriosclerosis

arteriosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis is a medical condition in which the walls of your arteries become hard and thick, so your blood cannot flow through them properly. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

artery

[D.J.:ˈɑ:təri]

[K.K.:ˈɑrtəri]

n.

〈解〉动脉

干线, 要道

artery **

1. artery arteries
Arteries are the tubes in your body that carry blood from your heart to the rest of your body.

- ...patients suffering from blocked arteries.

N-COUNT

2. artery arteries
You can refer to an important main route within a complex road, railway, or river system as an artery .

- Clarence Street was one of the north-bound arteries of the central business district.

- ...the point where the Ohio River, itself a great artery, joins the Mississippi.

N-COUNT

art form *

art form art forms
If you describe an activity as an art form , you mean that it is concerned with creating objects, works, or performances that are beautiful or have a serious meaning.

- Graffiti is now an art form in Northampton.

- ...Indian dance and related art forms.

N-COUNT

artful

[D.J.:ˈɑ:tfəl]

[K.K.:ˈɑrtfəl]

adj.

(指人)狡猾的, 诡诈的

巧妙的；精明的；机灵的

(指事物或行动)巧妙做出或设计的

人工的;不自然的

有技巧的;熟练的

artfully

[D.J.:ˈ ɑ:tfʊlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈ ɑrtfəlɪ]

adv.

有技巧地;熟练地

巧妙地;机灵地

狡诈地

artful *

1. artful
If you describe someone as artful , you mean that they are clever and skilful at achieving what they want, especially by deceiving people.

- ...the smiles and artifices of a subtle artful woman...

- Some politicians have realised that there are more artful ways of subduing people than shooting or jailing them.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= crafty

2. artfully

- He artfully inveigled the Prime Minister into committing his government to the venture.

ADV-GRADED: ADV before v
= craftily

3. artful
If you use artful to describe the way someone has done or arranged something, you approve of it because it is clever or elegant. (FORMAL)

- There is also an artful contrast of shapes.

- Despite some artful editing, the anthology is a weak one.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

4. artfully

- ...artfully arranged flowers.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

artful

adjective

cunning

clever

crafty

shrewd

sly

smart

wily

art-house

art-house
An art-house film is a film that is intended to be a serious artistic work rather than a piece of popular entertainment.

- ...a quirky art-house film...

- The movies he made became art-house classics.

ADJ: ADJ n

arthritic

[ɑ:ˈθritik]

adj.

关节炎的

arthritic

1. arthritic
Arthritic is used to describe the condition, the pain, or the symptoms of arthritis.

- I developed serious arthritic symptoms and chronic sinusitis.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. arthritic
An arthritic person is suffering from arthritis, and cannot move very easily. Arthritic joints or hands are affected by arthritis.

- ...an elderly lady who suffered with arthritic hands.

ADJ-GRADED

arthritis

[D.J.:ɑ:ˈθraɪtɪs]

[K.K.:ɑrˈθraɪtɪs]

n.

关节炎

arthritis *

arthritis
Arthritis is a medical condition in which the joints in someone's body are swollen and painful.

- I have a touch of arthritis in the wrist.

N-UNCOUNT
See also rheumatoid arthritis .

artichoke

[D.J.:ˈɑ:titʃəuk]

[K.K.:ˈɑrtɪˌtʃok]

n.

洋蓟

artichoke *

artichoke artichokes
Artichokes or globe artichokes are round green vegetables that have fleshy leaves arranged like the petals of a flower.
N-VAR

article

[D.J.:ˈɑ:tikl]

[K.K.:ˈɑrtɪkəl]

n.

物品, 物件

文章

条款

冠词

article ****

1. article articles
An article is a piece of writing that is published in a newspaper or magazine.

- ...a newspaper article.

- ...a travel article...

- According to an article in The Economist the drug could have side effects.

- ...Canning's article about the Buxton Festival.

N-COUNT: oft N prep

2. article articles
You can refer to objects as articles of some kind.

- ...articles of clothing...

- He had stripped the house of all articles of value.

- ...household articles.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

3. article
If you describe something as the genuine article , you are emphasizing that it is genuine, and often that it is very good.

- The vodka was the genuine article.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v emphasis

4. article articles
An article of a formal agreement or document is a section of it which deals with a particular point.

- The country appears to be violating several articles of the convention.

- ...Article 50 of the UN charter.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, N num

5. article articles
Someone who is in articles is being trained as a lawyer or accountant by a firm with whom they have a written agreement. (BRIT)

- In 1986, 44 per cent of those admitted to articles were women.

N-PLURAL: usu prep N

6. article articles
In grammar, an article is a kind of determiner. In English, `a' and `an' are called the indefinite article , and `the' is called the definite article .
N-COUNT

article

noun

1.

piece

composition

discourse

essay

feature

item

paper

story

treatise

2.

thing

commodity

item

object

piece

substance

unit

3.

clause

item

paragraph

part

passage

point

portion

section

articled

articled
In Britain, someone who is articled to a firm of lawyers or accountants is employed by the firm and is training to become qualified.

- He was initially articled to a solicitor.

- ...an articled clerk.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n, ADJ n

article of faith

article of faith articles of faith
If something is an article of faith for a person or group, they believe in it totally.

- It used to be an article of faith that a man's career was more important than the convenience of his family.

N-COUNT

articulacy

[ɑ:ˈtikjuləsi]

n.

口齿清楚的说话能力

articulate

[D.J.:ɑ:ˈtikjulit]

[K.K.:ɑrˈtɪkjəlɪt]

adj.

表达能力强的

口齿清楚的, 发音清晰的

[ɑ:ˈtikjuleit]

vt. & vi.

清楚地表达

形成关节; (用关节)连接

articulated

[ɑ:ˈtikjulitid]

n.,adj.

铰接(的),枢接(的),有关节(的)

articulate **

1. articulate
If you describe someone as articulate , you mean that they are able to express their thoughts and ideas easily and well.

- She is an articulate young woman.

- The child was unable to offer an articulate description of what she had witnessed.

ADJ-GRADED approval

2. articulacy

- To start a revolution, you need discipline, incisiveness and articulacy.

N-UNCOUNT

3. articulate articulates articulating articulated
When you articulate your ideas or feelings, you express them clearly in words. (FORMAL)

- The president has been accused of failing to articulate an overall vision in foreign affairs.

VB

4. articulate articulates articulating articulated
If you articulate something, you say it very clearly, so that each word or syllable can be heard.

- He articulated each syllable.

VB

articulated

articulated
An articulated vehicle, especially a lorry, is made in two or more sections which are joined together by metal bars, so that the vehicle can turn more easily. (BRIT; in AM usually use rig or trailer truck )
ADJ: usu ADJ n

articulate

adjective

1.

expressive

clear

coherent

eloquent

fluent

lucid

well-spoken

verb

2.

express

enunciate

pronounce

say

speak

state

talk

utter

voice

articulation

[D.J.:ɑ:ˌtikjuˈleiʃən]

[K.K.:ɑrˌtɪkjəˈleʃən]

n.

清晰度；咬合；关节

articulation

1. articulation
Articulation is the action of producing a sound or word clearly, in speech or music. (FORMAL)

- ...a singer able to sustain a full tone and clear articulation over extremely long periods.

N-UNCOUNT

2. articulation
The articulation of an idea or feeling is the expression of it, especially in words. (FORMAL)

- This was seen as a way of restricting women's articulation of grievances.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. articulation
The articulation of a structure or system is the way in which its different parts or elements are connected. (FORMAL)

- Capitalist social formations reflect the interaction, or articulation, of different modes of production.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

artifice

[D.J.:ˈɑ:təfɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɑrtəfɪs]

n.

诡计；欺骗

灵巧;巧妙

巧妙办法

虚伪行为

artifice

artifice artifices
Artifice is the clever use of tricks and devices. (FORMAL)

- Weegee's photographs are full of artfulness, and artifice.

N-VAR

artifice

noun

1.

trick

contrivance

device

machination

manoeuvre

stratagem

subterfuge

tactic

2.

cleverness

ingenuity

inventiveness

skill

artificial

[D.J.:ˌɑ:tiˈfiʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl]

adj.

人造的, 人工的, 假的

虚假的, 不真挚的, 矫揉造作的

人为的

artificiality

[ˌɑ:tifiʃˈæliti]

n.

人工,不自然,不自然之物,人造物

artificially

[D.J.:ˌ ɑ:tɪˈfɪʃəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌ ɑrtəˈfɪʃəlɪ]

adv.

人工地,人为地

不自然地,做作地

artificial **

1. artificial
Artificial objects, materials, or processes do not occur naturally and are created by human beings, for example using science or technology.

- ...a wholefood diet free from artificial additives, colours and flavours...

- The city is dotted with small lakes, natural and artificial.

- He did not want his life to be prolonged by artificial means.

ADJ
= synthetic ≠ natural

2. artificially

- ...artificially sweetened lemonade.

- ...drugs which artificially reduce heart rate.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. artificial
An artificial state or situation exists only because someone has created it, and therefore often seems unnatural or unnecessary.

- Even in the artificial environment of an office, our body rhythms continue to affect us.

- He foresaw an open society without artificial barriers of background, religion or race.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. artificiality

- ...another example of the capriciousness and artificiality of our adversarial system of justice.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

5. artificially

- ...state subsidies that have kept retail prices artificially low.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

6. artificial
If you describe someone or their behaviour as artificial , you disapprove of them because they pretend to have attitudes and feelings which they do not really have.

- The voice was patronizing and affected, the accent artificial.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

7. artificiality

- ...the novel's use of homosexuality to suggest the artificiality of all relationships in that nervous city.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

8. artificial
If you say that food tastes or looks artificial , you do not like it because its taste or appearance does not seem genuine, and seems to be created by added substances.

- The meat was chewy and the sauce was glutinous and tasted artificial.

- ...complaints that their tinned peas were an artificial shade of green.

ADJ-GRADED

artificial

adjective

1.

synthetic

man-made

manufactured

non-natural

plastic

2.

fake

bogus

counterfeit

imitation

mock

sham

simulated

3.

insincere

affected

contrived

false

feigned

forced

phoney or phony informal

unnatural

artificial insemination

artificial insemination
Artificial insemination is a medical technique for making a woman pregnant by injecting previously stored sperm into her womb. Female animals can also be made pregnant by artificial insemination.
N-UNCOUNT
= AI

artificial intelligence *

artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence is a type of computer technology which is concerned with making machines work in an intelligent way, similar to the way that the human mind works.
N-UNCOUNT
= AI

artificial respiration

artificial respiration
Artificial respiration is the forcing of air into the lungs of someone who has stopped breathing, usually by blowing through their mouth or nose, in order to keep them alive and to help them to start breathing again.

- She was given artificial respiration and cardiac massage.

N-UNCOUNT

artillery

[D.J.:ɑ:ˈtiləri]

[K.K.:ɑrˈtɪləri]

n.

炮, 大炮

炮兵部队

artillery **

1. artillery
Artillery consists of large, powerful guns which are transported on wheels and used by an army.

- Using tanks and heavy artillery, they seized the town.

- ...the sound of artillery fire.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. artillery
The artillery is the section of an army which is trained to use large, powerful guns.

- At some stage he left the Artillery to command a radar unit.

N-SING-COLL: the N

artillery

noun

big guns

battery

cannon

cannonry

gunnery

ordnance

artisan

[D.J.:ˈɑ:tɪzən, -sən]

[K.K.:ˈɑrtɪzən, -sən]

n.

技工；工匠

artisan *

artisan artisans
An artisan is someone whose job requires skill with their hands.
N-COUNT
= craftsman

artisan

noun

craftsman

journeyman

mechanic

skilled workman

technician

artist

[D.J.:ˈɑ:tist]

[K.K.:ˈɑrtɪst]

n.

艺术家, 美术家

能手, 大师

artist ****

1. artist artists
An artist is someone who draws or paints pictures or creates sculptures as a job or a hobby.

- ...the studio of a great artist...

- Each poster is signed by the artist.

- I'm not a good artist.

N-COUNT

2. artist artists
An artist is a person who creates novels, poems, films, or other things which can be considered as works of art.

- His books are enormously easy to read, yet he is a serious artist.

- Engel is quoted as saying that balanced people do not become artists.

N-COUNT

3. artist artists
An artist is a performer such as a musician, actor, or dancer.

- ...a popular artist who has sold millions of records.

N-COUNT

4. artist artists
If you say that someone is an artist at a particular activity, you mean they are very skilled at it.

- Jack is an outstanding barber, an artist with shears.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

artiste

[D.J.:ɑ:ˈti:st]

[K.K.:ɑrˈtist]

n.

职业表演者,艺人

<谑>(擅长某手艺的)能手；大师

artiste

artiste artistes
An artiste is a professional entertainer, for example a singer or a dancer. (mainly BRIT)

- ...a Parisian cabaret artiste.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

artistic

[D.J.:ɑ:ˈtistik]

[K.K.:ɑrˈtɪstɪk]

adj.

艺术的,有美感的,风雅的

artistically

adv.

有艺术地,在艺术上

artistic **

1. artistic
Someone who is artistic is good at drawing or painting, or arranging things in a beautiful way.

- They encourage boys to be sensitive and artistic.

- Mary's got it all so nice -- you remember how artistic she always was with colors.

ADJ-GRADED

2. artistic
Artistic means relating to art or artists.

- ...the campaign for artistic freedom.

- ...their 1,300 year old artistic traditions.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. artistically

- ...artistically gifted children...

- Artistically, the photographs are stunning.

ADV: usu ADV adj/-ed, ADV with cl

4. artistic
An artistic design or arrangement is beautiful.

- ...an artistic arrangement of stone paving.

ADJ-GRADED

5. artistically

- ...artistically carved vessels.

- ...vegetarian dishes which can be presented artistically.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

artistic

adjective

creative

aesthetic

beautiful

cultured

elegant

refined

sophisticated

stylish

tasteful

artistry

[D.J.:ˈɑ:tistri]

[K.K.:ˈɑrtɪstri]

n.

艺术之性质

artistry

1. artistry
Artistry is the creative skill of an artist, writer, actor, or musician.

- ...his artistry as a cellist.

- ...portrait sculptors of considerable skill and artistry.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

2. artistry
You can use artistry to refer to a high level of skill in a sport or activity.

- John McEnroe beat Jimmy Connors with the most complete display of artistry the game had ever seen.

- Tea processing requires both technique and artistry.

N-UNCOUNT

artistry

noun

skill

brilliance

craftsmanship

creativity

finesse

mastery

proficiency

virtuosity

artless

[D.J.:ˈɑ:tlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɑrtlɪs]

adj.

单纯的,天真的

自然的；不做作的

拙劣的；缺乏艺术性的

artlessly

adv.

artlessly

adv.

天真烂漫地,淳朴地

artless

artless
Someone who is artless is simple and honest, and does not think of deceiving other people.

- She was curiously artless.

- ...Hemingway's artless air and charming smile.

ADJ-GRADED
= genuine

artless

adjective

1.

straightforward

frank

guileless

open

plain

2.

natural

plain

pure

simple

unadorned

unaffected

unpretentious

Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau is a style of decoration and architecture that was common in the 1890s. It is characterized by flowing lines and patterns of flowers and leaves.

- ...the Art Nouveau posters of Alphonse Mucha...

- We lunched at the stunning art nouveau Caf´e American.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also art nouveau

artsy

[D.J.:ˈɑ:tsi]

[K.K.:ˈɑrtsi]

adj.

装艺术的,艺术家气派的

artsy

artsy
Artsy means the same as arty . (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED

artwork

[D.J.:ˈɑ:twə:k]

[K.K.:ˈɑrtˌwɚk]

n.

(书, 杂志等的)插图

艺术作品; 美术作品

artwork *

1. artwork
Artwork is drawings and photographs that are prepared in order to be included in something such as a book or advertisement.

- The artwork for the LP was done by Bill Hofstadter.

N-UNCOUNT

2. artwork artworks
Artworks are paintings or sculptures which are of high quality.

- The museum contains 6,000 contemporary and modern artworks.

- ...a magnificent collection of artwork, including works by such masters as Titian, Vermeer and Goya.

N-VAR
= work of art

arty

[D.J.:ˈɑ:ti]

[K.K.:ˈɑrti]

adj.

装作爱好艺术的

arty

arty
Someone who is arty seems very interested in drama, film, music, poetry, or painting. People often describe someone as arty when they want to suggest that the person is pretentious. (INFORMAL)

- Didn't you find her a little bit too arty?

- ...an arty French film.

ADJ-GRADED
= artsy

arty-farty

arty-farty
If you describe someone as arty-farty , you are criticizing them for being interested in artistic ideas or activities that most people do not think are interesting or worthwhile. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...money wasted on elitist arty-farty groups.

- ...an artsy-fartsy pretentious film.

ADJ also artsy-fartsy disapproval
= pretentious

as

[D.J.:æz, əz]

[K.K.:æz,əz]

adv.

同样地, 一样地

prep.

(表示时间)当还是…的时候

(表示方式)以…的身份, 以…资格, 作为; 以…形式, 以作为; 以…角色, 扮演…角色; 如同, 像

(表示结果)成为, 看作, 看成

(表示目的)为了, 以…为目的

(表示举例)例如, 诸如…之类的

conj.

在…期间, 当…时候

尽管, 即使, 虽然

像…一样

由于, 因为

as 1 conjunction and preposition uses *****

1. as
If something happens as something else happens, it happens at the same time.

- Another policeman has been injured as fighting continued this morning.

- All the jury's eyes were on him as he continued.

- The play started as I got there.

CONJ-SUBORD

2. as
You use the structure as...as when you are comparing things.

- I never went through a final exam that was as difficult as that one.

- There was no obvious reason why this could not be as good a film as the original.

PHR-CONJ-COORD

3. as
Also a conjunction.

- Being a mother isn't as bad as I thought at first!.

- I don't think he was ever as fit as he should have been.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

4. as
You use as...as to emphasize amounts of something.

- You can look forward to a significant cash return by saving from as little as £10 a month.

- She gets as many as eight thousand letters a month.

PHR-CONJ-COORD emphasis

5. as
You use as when you are indicating what someone or something is or is thought to be, or what function they have.

- He has worked as a diplomat in the US, Sudan and Saudi Arabia.

- The news apparently came as a complete surprise.

- I had natural ability as a footballer.

PREP

6. as
If you do something as a child or as a teenager, for example, you do it when you are a child or a teenager.

- She loved singing as a child and started vocal training at 12.

PREP

7. as
You use as to say how something happens or is done, or to indicate that something happens or is done in the same way as something else.

- I'll behave toward them as I would like to be treated.

- Today, as usual, he was wearing a three-piece suit.

- The book was banned in the US, as were two subsequent books.

CONJ-SUBORD

8. as
You use as in expressions like as a result and as a consequence to indicate how two situations or events are related to each other.

- As a result of the growing fears about home security, more people are arranging for someone to stay in their home when they're away.

- In this changing business environment, different demands are being placed on employees. As a consequence, the education system needs to change.

PREP

9. as
You use as to introduce short clauses which comment on the truth of what you are saying.

- As you can see, we're still working.

- We were sitting, as I remember, in a riverside restaurant.

CONJ-SUBORD

10. as
You can use as to mean `because' when you are explaining the reason for something.

- They are regularly sent booklets and personal safety, but they barely read them as they have so much paperwork to deal with.

- Enjoy the first hour of the day. This is important as it sets the mood for the rest of the day.

CONJ-SUBORD
= since

11. as
You say as it were in order to make what you are saying sound less definite.

- I'd understood the words, but I didn't, as it were, understand the question.

PHR: PHR with cl vagueness

12. as
You use expressions such as as it is , as it turns out , and as things stand when you are making a contrast between a possible situation and what actually happened or is the case.

- I want to work at home on a Tuesday but as it turns out sometimes it's a Wednesday or a Thursday.

PHR

as 2 used with other prepositions and conjunctions *****

1. as
You use as for and as to at the beginning of a sentence in order to introduce a slightly different subject that is still connected to the previous one.

- I feel that there's a lot of pressure put on policemen. And as for putting guns in their hands, I don't think that's a very good idea at all.

PHR-PREP: PREP n/-ing

2. as
You use as to to indicate what something refers to.

- They should make decisions as to whether the student needs more help.

- Andy sat down at the table and inquired as to what the problem was.

PHR-PREP: PREP wh

3. as
If you say that something will happen as of , or in British English as from a particular date or time, you mean that it will happen from that time on.

- The border, effectively closed since 1981, will be opened as of January the 1st.

- She is to retire as from 1 October.

PHR-PREP

4. as
You use as if and as though when you are giving a possible explanation for something or saying that something appears to be the case when it is not.

- Anne shrugged, as if she didn't know.

- He burst into a high-pitched laugh, as though he'd said something funny.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

as

conjunction

1.

when

at the time that

during the time that

just as

while

2.

in the way that

in the manner that

like

3.

what

that which

4.

since

because

considering that

seeing that

5.

for instance

like

such as

preposition

6.

being

in the character of

in the role of

under the name of

asap

asap
asap is an abbreviation for `as soon as possible'.

- The colonel ordered, `I want two good engines down here asap.'

ADV: ADV after v

asbestos

[D.J.:æsˈbestəs, æz-]

[K.K.:æsˈbɛstəs, æz-]

n.

石棉

adj.

石棉制的；含石棉的

asbestos *

asbestos
Asbestos is a grey material which does not burn and which is used as a protection against fire or heat. Clothing and mats are sometimes made from it.

- ...asbestos gloves.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

ascend

[D.J.:əˈsend]

[K.K.:əˈsɛnd]

vt. & vi.

上升, 攀登

ascending

[D.J.:əˈsendiŋ]

[K.K.:əˈsɛndɪŋ]

adj.

上升的,向上的

ascend *

1. ascend ascends ascending ascended
If you ascend a hill or staircase, you go up it. (WRITTEN)

- Mrs Clayton had to hold Lizzie's hand as they ascended the steps.

- Then we ascend steeply through forests of rhododendron.

VB
≠ descend

2. ascend ascends ascending ascended
If a staircase or path ascends , it leads up to a higher position. (WRITTEN)

- A number of staircases ascend from the cobbled streets onto the ramparts.

- ...an ascending spiral path leading to a tower.

VB
≠ descend

3. ascend ascends ascending ascended
If something ascends , it moves up, usually vertically or into the air. (WRITTEN)

- Keep the drill centred in the borehole while it ascends and descends.

- Nott and Dickinson set a new altitude record when they ascended 55,900 feet in their balloon.

VB
≠ descend

4. ascend ascends ascending ascended
If someone ascends to an important position, they achieve it or are appointed to it. When someone ascends a throne, they become king, queen, or pope. (FORMAL)

- ...the same year he ascended to power...

- Before ascending to the bench, she was a lawyer in a large New York firm.

- ...a few years before Sixtus V ascended the papal throne.

VB

5. ascend ascends ascending ascended
If you ascend in your career or in society, you gradually achieve success or a higher status. (WRITTEN)

- Mobutu ascended through the ranks, eventually becoming commander of the army.

- They move freely from one department to another as they ascend the civil service ladder.

VB
= climb

6. ascend ascends ascending ascended
In some religions, when someone's soul goes to heaven, you can say that they ascend to heaven. (FORMAL)

- ...the belief that the souls of the faithful and virtuous would ascend to heaven.

VB

7. ascend ascends ascending ascended
If something or someone ascends to a higher level, they reach a state that is better than the one they were in before. (LITERARY)

- The story ascends from a gothic tragedy to a miraculous fairy-tale.

VB
≠ descend

ascending

ascending
If a group of things is arranged in ascending order, each thing is bigger, greater, or more important than the thing before it.

- Now draw or trace ten dinosaurs in ascending order of size.

- ...an ascending spiral of antisocial behaviour.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also ascend .

ascend

verb

move up

climb

go up

mount

scale

ascendancy

[D.J.:əˈsendənsi:]

[K.K.:əˈsɛndənsi]

n.

优势；支配地位

ascendancy

ascendancy
If one group has ascendancy over another group, it has more power or influence than the other group. (FORMAL)

- Although geographically linked, the two provinces have long fought for political ascendancy.

- The extremists are gaining ascendancy.

N-UNCOUNT also ascendency
= dominance

ascendant

[D.J.:əˈsendənt]

[K.K.:əˈsɛndənt]

adj.

上升的

ascendant *

ascendant
If someone or something is in the ascendant , they have or are getting more power, influence, or popularity than other people or things. (FORMAL)

- Radical reformers are once more in the ascendant.

- Why are Geography, Drama, Art and English in the ascendant?

PHR: v-link PHR

ascension

[D.J.:əˈsenʃən]

[K.K.:əˈsɛnʃən]

n.

上升; 升高

ascension

1. ascension
In some religions, when someone goes to heaven, you can refer to their ascension to heaven.

- ...the crucifixion, resurrection and ascension of Jesus Christ.

- ...the two-day holiday marking the Prophet's ascension to heaven.

N-SING: with poss

2. ascension
The ascension of a person to a high rank or important position is the act of reaching this position. (WRITTEN)

- ...50 years after his ascension to the Cambodian throne.

N-SING: with poss, usu N to n

ascent

[D.J.:əˈsent]

[K.K.:əˈsɛnt]

n.

上升;升高

攀登

(身份、地位等的)提高,提升

上坡路;爬坡

追溯

ascent *

1. ascent ascents
An ascent is an upward journey, especially when you are walking or climbing.

- In 1955 he led the first ascent of Kangchenjunga, the world's third highest mountain.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
≠ descent

2. ascent ascents
An ascent is an upward slope or path, especially when you are walking or climbing.

- It was a tough course over a gradual ascent before the big climb of Bluebell Hill.

N-COUNT
≠ descent

3. ascent ascents
An ascent is an upward, vertical movement.

- Burke pushed the button and the elevator began its slow ascent.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft poss N
≠ descent

4. ascent
The ascent of a person to a more important or successful position is the process of reaching this position. (WRITTEN)

- His own career continues its inexorable ascent.

- It would be wrong to portray his life as a calculated ascent to power at any cost.

N-SING: usu with supp
= rise

5. ascent
In some religions, when someone goes to heaven, you can refer to their ascent to heaven.

- ...Elijah's ascent to heaven in a chariot of fire.

N-SING: N prep

ascent

noun

1.

rise

ascending

ascension

climb

mounting

rising

scaling

upward movement

2.

upward slope

gradient

incline

ramp

rise

rising ground

ascertain

[D.J.:ˌæsəˈtein]

[K.K.:ˌæsɚˈten]

vt.

弄清, 确定, 查明

ascertain *

ascertain ascertains ascertaining ascertained
If you ascertain the truth about something, you find out what it is, especially by making a deliberate effort to do so. (FORMAL)

- Through doing this, the teacher will be able to ascertain the extent to which the child understands what he is reading.

- Once they had ascertained that he was not a spy, they agreed to release him.

- Take time to ascertain what services your bank is providing, and at what cost.

VB
= establish

ascertain

verb

find out

confirm

determine

discover

establish

learn

ascetic

[D.J.:əˈsetɪk]

[K.K.:əˈsɛtɪk]

adj.

禁欲的；禁欲主义的

苦行的, 克己的

n.

苦行者, 禁欲者;禁欲主义者

ascetic

1. ascetic
An ascetic person has a way of life that is simple and strict, usually because of their religious beliefs.

- She has never been close to her ascetic, workaholic father.

- ...priests practising an ascetic life.

- ...his bony, ascetic face.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. ascetic ascetics
An ascetic is someone who is ascetic.

- He left the luxuries of the court for the life of an ascetic.

N-COUNT

ascetic

noun

1.

monk

abstainer

hermit

nun

recluse

adjective

2.

self-denying

abstinent

austere

celibate

frugal

puritanical

self-disciplined

asceticism

[D.J.:əˈsetɪˌsɪzəm]

[K.K.:əˈsɛtɪˌsɪzəm]

n.

禁欲主义;苦行主义;苦行生活

asceticism

asceticism
Asceticism is a simple, strict way of life with no luxuries or physical pleasures.
N-UNCOUNT

ascorbic acid

ascorbic acid
Ascorbic acid is another name for vitamin C. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= vitamin C

ascribe

[D.J.:əsˈkraib]

[K.K.:əˈskraɪb]

vt.

把…归于

ascribed

[əˈskraibd]

adj.

(出生等时)随意取得(或给予)的

ascribe *

1. ascribe ascribes ascribing ascribed
If you ascribe an event or condition to a particular cause, you say or consider that it was caused by that thing. (FORMAL)

- An autopsy eventually ascribed the baby's death to sudden infant death syndrome.

VB
= attribute

2. ascribe ascribes ascribing ascribed
If you ascribe a quality to someone, you consider that they possess it. (FORMAL)

- We do not ascribe a superior wisdom to government or the state.

VB
= attribute

3. ascribe ascribes ascribing ascribed
If you ascribe something such as a quotation or a work of art to someone, you say that they said it or created it. (FORMAL)

- He mistakenly ascribes the expression `survival of the fittest' to Charles Darwin.

VB
= attribute

ascribe

verb

attribute

assign

charge

credit

impute

put down

refer

set down

asexual

[D.J.:eiˈseksjuəl]

[K.K.:eˈsɛkʃuəl]

adj.

无性的, 无性欲的

无性生殖的

asexually

adv.

无性地,无性生殖地

asexual

1. asexual
Something that is asexual involves no sexual activity.

- Their relationship was totally asexual.

- ...asexual reproduction.

ADJ

2. asexually

- Many fungi can reproduce asexually.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. asexual
Asexual creatures and plants have no sexual organs.

- ...asexual parasites.

ADJ

4. asexual
Someone who is asexual is not sexually attracted to other people.

- It is another unfortunate myth of our culture that older people are asexual.

ADJ

ash

[D.J.:æʃ]

[K.K.:æʃ]

n.

灰

灰烬, 废墟

骨灰

ashes

n.

灰烬,骨灰,尸体,文化遗址

ash **

1. ash
Ash is the grey or black powdery substance that is left after something is burnt. You can also refer to this substance as ashes .

- A cloud of volcanic ash is spreading across wide areas of the Philippines.

- He brushed the cigarette ash from his sleeve.

- He ordered their villages burned to ashes.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. ash ashes
A dead person's ashes are their remains after their body has been cremated.
N-PLURAL: usu poss N

3. ash ashes
An ash is a tree that has smooth grey bark and loses its leaves in winter.

- ...a high forest of oak and ash.

N-VAR

4. ash
Ash is the wood from this tree.

- The rafters are made from ash.

N-UNCOUNT

ashamed

[D.J.:əˈʃeimd]

[K.K.:əˈʃemd]

adj.

惭愧的, 羞耻的, 害臊的

ashamed **

1. ashamed
If someone is ashamed , they feel embarrassed or guilty because of something they do or they have done, or because of their appearance.

- I felt incredibly ashamed of myself for getting so angry.

- She was ashamed that she looked so shabby.

- I'm a lesbian and I'm not ashamed about it.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ of/about n, ADJ that
≠ proud

2. ashamed
If you are ashamed of someone, you feel embarrassed to be connected with them, often because of their appearance or because you disapprove of something they have done.

- I've never told this to anyone, but it's true, I was terribly ashamed of my mum.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of n
≠ proud

3. ashamed
If someone is ashamed to do something, they do not want to do it because they feel embarrassed about it.

- Women are often ashamed to admit they are being abused.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to-inf
≠ proud

ashamed

adjective

embarrassed

distressed

guilty

humiliated

mortified

remorseful

shamefaced

sheepish

sorry

ashen

[D.J.:ˈæʃən]

[K.K.:ˈæʃən]

adj.

灰白色的,苍白的

由灰烬构成的

白蜡树的；梣木(制成)的

ashen

ashen
Someone who is ashen looks very pale, especially because they are ill, shocked, or frightened.

- He was ashen and trembling.

- He fell back, shocked, his face ashen.

ADJ
= pallid

ashen

adjective

pale

colourless

grey

leaden

like death warmed up informal

pallid

wan

white

ashen-faced

ashen-faced
Someone who is ashen-faced looks very pale, especially because they are ill, shocked, or frightened.

- Beside her, Grace sat ashen-faced, complaining of feeling sick.

ADJ

ashore

[D.J.:əˈʃɔ:]

[K.K.:əˈʃɔr, əˈʃor]

adv.

上岸; 上陆; 在岸上; 在陆上

ashore *

ashore
Someone or something that comes ashore comes from the sea onto the shore.

- Oil has come ashore on a ten mile stretch to the east of Plymouth.

- Once ashore, the vessel was thoroughly inspected.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV

ashore

adverb

on land

aground

landwards

on dry land

on the beach

on the shore

shorewards

to the shore

ashtray

[D.J.:ˈæʃˌtreɪ]

[K.K.:ˈæʃˌtre]

n.

烟灰缸

ashtray *

ashtray ashtrays
An ashtray is a small dish in which smokers can put the ash from their cigarettes and cigars.
N-COUNT

Ash Wednesday

Ash Wednesday
Ash Wednesday is the first day of Lent.
N-UNCOUNT

Asian

[D.J.:ˈeɪʒən, ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˈeʒən, ˈeʃən]

n.

亚洲人

adj.

亚洲的；亚洲人的

Asian ****

1. Asian
Someone or something that is Asian comes from or is associated with Asia. British people use this term especially to refer to India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Americans use this term especially to refer to China, Korea, Thailand, Japan, or Vietnam.

- ...Asian music.

- ...the Asian community in San Francisco.

ADJ

2. Asian Asians
An Asian is a person who comes from or is associated with a country or region in Asia.

- Many of the shops were run by Asians.

N-COUNT

Asiatic

[D.J.:ˌeiʃiˈætik]

[K.K.:ˌeʒiˈætɪk, -ʃi-, -zi-]

adj.

亚洲的; 亚洲文化的

Asiatic

Asiatic
Asiatic means belonging or relating to Asia or its people. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...his placid Asiatic face.

ADJ: ADJ n
= Asian

A-side

n.

(磁带等的)A面

A-side

A-side A-sides
The A-side of a record that has been released as a single is the main song on it. You can also refer to the side of the record that contains this song as the A-side . Compare B-side .
N-COUNT

aside

[D.J.:əˈsaid]

[K.K.:əˈsaɪd]

adv.

在一边, 到旁边

aside 1 adverb and noun uses ***

(In addition to the uses shown below, aside is used in phrasal verbs such as `cast aside', `stand aside', and `step aside'.)

1. aside
If you move something aside , you move it to one side of you.

- Sarah closed the book and laid it aside.

ADV: ADV after v

2. aside
If you take or draw someone aside , you take them a little way away from a group of people in order to talk to them in private.

- Billy Ewing grabbed him by the elbow and took him aside.

- Will looked put his arm around her shoulders and drew her aside.

ADV: ADV after v
= to one side

3. aside
If you move aside , you get out of someone's way.

- She had been standing in the doorway, but now she stepped aside to let them pass.

ADV: ADV after v

4. aside
If you set something such as time, money, or space aside for a particular purpose, you save it and do not use it for anything else.

- She wants to put her pocket-money aside for holidays.

- ...the ground set aside for the new cathedral.

ADV: ADV after v

5. aside
If you brush or sweep aside a feeling or suggestion, you reject it.

- Talk to a friend who will really listen and not brush aside your feelings.

- The Prime Minister swept aside concern about the rising cost of mortgages.

ADV: ADV after v
= banish

6. aside
You use aside to indicate that you have finished talking about something, or that you are leaving it out of your discussion, and that you are about to talk about something else.

- Leaving aside the tiny minority who are clinically depressed, most people who have bad moods also have very good moods.

- Emotional arguments aside, here are the facts.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV
= apart

7. aside asides
An aside is a comment that a character in a play makes to the audience, which the other characters are supposed not to be able to hear.

- Exasperated with her children, she rolls her eyes and mutters an aside to the camera, `No wonder I drink!'.

N-COUNT

8. aside asides
An aside is something that you say that is not directly connected with what you are talking about.

- The pace of the book is leisurely, with enjoyable literary and historical asides.

N-COUNT
= digression

aside 2 preposition use *

aside from
Aside from means the same as apart from . This form is more usual in American English.
PHR-PREP
= apart from

aside

adverb

1.

to one side

apart

beside

on one side

out of the way

privately

separately

to the side

noun

2.

interpolation

parenthesis

asinine

[D.J.:ˈæsəˌnaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈæsəˌnaɪn]

adj.

驴的；像驴的

极蠢的；倔强的

不讲道理的；荒谬的

asinine

asinine
If you describe something or someone as asinine , you mean that they are very foolish. (FORMAL)

- I have never heard such an asinine discussion.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= idiotic moronic

asinine

adjective

stupid

fatuous

foolish

idiotic

imbecilic

moronic

senseless

ask

[D.J.:ɑ:sk]

[K.K.:æsk]

vt. & vi.

问, 询问

要求, 请求

vt.

邀请

asking

[ˈɑ:skiŋ]

n.

问,寻问,请求,要求

ask *****

1. ask asks asking asked
If you ask someone something, you say something to them in the form of a question because you want to know the answer.

- `How is Frank?' he asked.

- I asked him his name.

- I wasn't the only one asking questions.

- She asked me if I'd enjoyed my dinner.

- If Daniel asks what happened in court we will tell him.

- You will have to ask David about that.

- `I'm afraid to ask what it cost.' --- `Then don't ask.'

VB

2. ask asks asking asked
If you ask someone to do something, you tell them that you want them to do it.

- We had to ask him to leave.

- She said she had been asked to take two suitcases to Africa by a man called Sean.

VB

3. ask asks asking asked
If you ask to do something, you tell someone that you want to do it.

- I asked to see the Director.

VB

4. ask asks asking asked
If you ask for something, you say that you would like it.

- I decided to go to the next house and ask for food.

- Who asked for your opinion?

VB

5. ask asks asking asked
If you ask for someone, you say that you would like to speak to them.

- There's a man at the gate asking for you.

VB

6. ask asks asking asked
If you ask someone's permission, opinion, or forgiveness, you try to obtain it by putting a request to them.

- Please ask permission from whoever pays the phone bill before making your call.

VB
= get

7. ask asks asking asked
If you ask someone to an event or place, you invite them to go there.

- Couldn't you ask Jon to the party?.

- She asked me back to her house.

VB

8. ask asks asking asked
If someone is asking a particular price for something, they are selling it for that price.

- Mr Pantelaras was asking £6,000 for his collection.

VB

9. ask
You reply ` don't ask me ' when you do not know the answer to a question, usually when you are annoyed or surprised that you have been asked.

- `She's got other things on her mind, wouldn't you think?' `Don't ask me,' murmured Chris. `I've never met her.'

CONVENTION feelings

10. ask
If something is yours for the asking , you could get it very easily if you wanted to.

- He knew the nomination was his for the asking.

PHR

11. ask
If you say ` I ask you ', you are emphasizing how much you disapprove of someone or something.

- That silly old bat. I ask you, who'd she think she was?

EXCLAM emphasis

12. ask
You can say ` may I ask ' as a formal way of asking a question, which shows you are annoyed or suspicious about something.

- May I ask where you're going, sir?

PHR feelings

13. ask
You can say ` if you ask me ' to emphasize that you are stating your personal opinion.

- He was nuts, if you ask me.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

14. ask
If you say that someone is asking for trouble or is asking for it , you mean that they are behaving in a way that makes it very likely that they will get into trouble.

- To go ahead with the match after such clear advice had been asking for trouble.

PHR: V inflects

ask

verb

1.

inquire

interrogate

query

question

quiz

2.

request

appeal

beg

demand

plead

seek

3.

invite

bid

summon

ask after *****

ask after asks after; asking after; asked after
If someone asks after you, they ask someone how you are.

- I had a letter from Jane. She asks after you.

PHR-V

ask around *****

ask around asks around; asking around; asked around
If you ask around or ask round , you ask several people a question.

- Ask around to see what others living in your area think about their doctors.

PHR-V (BRIT) also ask round

askance

[D.J.:əˈskæns]

[K.K.:əˈskæns]

adv.

斜,斜视

askance

1. askance
If you look askance at someone or something, you have a doubtful or suspicious attitude towards them.

- They have always looked askance at the western notion of democracy.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR at n

2. askance
If you look askance at someone, you look at them in a doubtful or suspicious way.

- `Do you play chess?' he asked, looking askance at Miguel.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR at n

askew

[D.J.:əˈskju:]

[K.K.:əˈskju]

adv., adj.

歪; 斜

askew

askew
Something that is askew is not straight or not level with what it should be level with.

- She stood there, hat askew.

- There were no shutters at the windows, and some of the doors hung askew.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

askew

adverb

1.

crookedly

aslant

awry

obliquely

off-centre

to one side

adjective

2.

crooked

awry

cockeyed informal

lopsided

oblique

off-centre

skewwhiff Brit. informal

asking price *

asking price asking prices
The asking price of something is the price which the person selling it says that they want for it, although they may accept less.

- Offers 15% below the asking price are unlikely to be accepted.

N-COUNT: usu sing

asleep

[D.J.:əˈsli:p]

[K.K.:əˈslip]

adj.

睡着的

asleep **

1. asleep
Someone who is asleep is sleeping.

- My four year-old daughter was asleep on the sofa.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
≠ awake

2. asleep
When you fall asleep , you start sleeping.

- Sam snuggled down in his pillow and fell asleep.

PHR: V inflects

3. asleep
Someone who is fast asleep or sound asleep is sleeping deeply.

- They were both fast asleep in their cots.

- Turning over, she was soon sound asleep again.

PHR: v-link PHR
≠ wide awake

asleep

adjective

sleeping

dormant

dozing

fast asleep

napping

slumbering

snoozing informal

sound asleep

asparagus

[D.J.:əˈspærəgəs]

[K.K.:əˈspærəɡəs]

n.

芦笋；芦笋的茎

asparagus *

asparagus
Asparagus is a vegetable that is long and green and has small shoots at one end. It is cooked and served whole.
N-UNCOUNT

aspect

[D.J.:ˈæspekt]

[K.K.:ˈæspɛkt]

n.

方面

方位, 朝向

面貌, 模样, 神态

aspect ****

1. aspect aspects
An aspect of something is one of the parts of its character or nature.

- Climate and weather affect every aspect of our lives.

- He was interested in all aspects of the work here.

- Monroe described the financial aspect as crucial.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. aspect aspects
The aspect of a building or window is the direction in which it faces. (FORMAL)

- The house had a south-west aspect.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

3. aspect
If something begins to have a new aspect , it begins to have a new appearance or quality.

- Our journey had taken on a new aspect. The countryside was no longer familiar.

- The snowy street, like the church, assumed a dumb, lifeless aspect.

N-SING: with supp
= outlook

4. aspect
In grammar, aspect is the way that a verb group shows whether an activity is continuing, is repeated, or is completed. For example, in `They were laughing', the verb is in the progressive aspect and shows that the action was continuing. Compare tense .
N-UNCOUNT

aspect

noun

1.

feature

angle

facet

side

2.

position

outlook

point of view

prospect

scene

situation

view

3.

appearance

air

attitude

bearing

condition

demeanour

expression

look

manner

aspen

[D.J.:ˈæspən]

[K.K.:ˈæspən]

n.

山杨

aspen *

aspen aspens
An aspen is a tall tree with leaves that move a lot in the wind.
N-VAR

asperity

[D.J.:æˈsperɪti:]

[K.K.:æˈspɛrɪti]

n.

(表面的)粗糙

严寒的天气

粗暴, 粗鲁

(环境的)艰苦

(声音的)刺耳

asperity

asperity
If you say something with asperity , you say it impatiently and severely. (FORMAL)

- `I told you Preskel had no idea,' remarked Kemp with some asperity.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with N
= sharpness

aspersions

[D.J.:əsˈpə:ʃənz]

n.

诽谤, 诬蔑

aspersions

aspersions
If you cast aspersions on someone or something, you suggest that they are not very good in some way. (FORMAL)

- He has flatly denied casting aspersions on the rabbi's behaviour.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR on n

asphalt

[D.J.:ˈæsˌfɔ:lt]

[K.K.:ˈæsˌfɔlt]

n.

沥青；柏油

(铺路等用的)沥青混合料

vt.

铺沥青于；铺柏油于

asphalt

asphalt
Asphalt is a black substance used to make the surfaces of things such as roads and playgrounds.

- ...the school's asphalt driveway.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n
= tarmac

asphyxia

[D.J.:æsˈfɪksi:ə]

[K.K.:æsˈfɪksiə]

n.

血液中缺氧

窒息

asphyxia

asphyxia
Asphyxia is death or loss of consciousness caused by being unable to breathe properly. (MEDICAL)

- Most deaths occurred from asphyxia through smoke inhalation.

N-UNCOUNT
= suffocation

asphyxiate

[D.J.:æsˈfɪksi:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:æsˈfɪksiˌet]

vt.

使窒息

asphyxiation

n.

asphyxiation

[D.J.:æsˌfɪksɪˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:æsˌfɪksɪˈeʃən]

n.

窒息

asphyxiate

1. asphyxiate asphyxiates asphyxiating asphyxiated
If someone is asphyxiated , they die or lose consciousness because they are unable to breathe properly.

- Three people were asphyxiated in the crush for last week's train.

- John Doe died in his bath, asphyxiated by the fumes from a gas water-heater.

VB: usu passive
= suffocate

2. asphyxiation

- A post mortem examination found that she died from asphyxiation.

N-UNCOUNT

asphyxiate

verb

suffocate

choke

smother

stifle

strangle

strangulate

throttle

aspic

[D.J.:ˈæspik]

[K.K.:ˈæspɪk]

n.

花色肉冻

aspic

aspic
Aspic is a clear shiny jelly made from meat juices. It is used in making cold savoury meat dishes.

- ...cold chicken in aspic.

N-UNCOUNT

aspirant

[D.J.:ˈæspərənt, əˈspaɪər-]

[K.K.:ˈæspərənt, əˈspaɪr-]

adj.

渴望的；有抱负的；追求名誉或地位的

n.

有志向或渴望获得…的人

aspirant

1. aspirant aspirants
Someone who is an aspirant to political power or to an important job has a strong desire to achieve it. (FORMAL)

- Any aspirant to the presidency here must be seriously rich.

- He is among the few aspirants with administrative experience.

N-COUNT

2. aspirant
Aspirant means the same as aspiring . (FORMAL)

- ...aspirant politicians.

ADJ: ADJ n
= would-be

aspiration

[D.J.:ˌæspəˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæspəˈreʃən]

n.

强烈的愿望, 志向, 抱负

aspiration **

aspiration aspirations
Someone's aspirations are their desire to achieve things.

- ...the needs and aspirations of our pupils...

- He is unlikely to send in the army to quell nationalist aspirations.

- ...the republic's aspiration to statehood.

N-VAR: usu with supp

aspiration

noun

aim

ambition

desire

dream

goal

hope

objective

wish

aspirational

1. aspirational
If you describe someone as aspirational , you mean that they have strong hopes of moving to a higher social status. (JOURNALISM)

- ...the typical tensions of an aspirational household.

ADJ-GRADED

2. aspirational
If you describe a product as aspirational , you mean that it is bought or enjoyed by people who have strong hopes of moving to a higher social class. (JOURNALISM)

- Fine music, particularly opera, has become aspirational, like fine wine or foreign travel.

ADJ-GRADED

aspire

[D.J.:əsˈpaiə]

[K.K.:əˈspaɪr]

vi.

渴望, 追求

aspiring

[əsˈpaiəriŋ]

adj.

有志气的, 有抱负的

aspire *

aspire aspires aspiring aspired
If you aspire to something such as an important job, you have a strong desire to achieve it.

- ...people who aspire to public office...

- They aspired to be gentlemen, though they fell far short of the ideal.

VB
See also aspiring .

aspiring *

aspiring
If you use aspiring to describe someone who is starting a particular career, you mean that they are trying to become successful in it.

- Many aspiring young artists are advised to learn by copying the masters.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also aspire .

aspire

verb

aim

desire

dream

hope

long

seek

set one's heart on

wish

aspiring

adjective

hopeful

ambitious

eager

longing

wannabe informal

would-be

aspirin

[D.J.:ˈæspərɪn, -prɪn]

[K.K.:ˈæspərɪn, -prɪn]

n.

阿司匹林

阿司匹林药片

aspirin *

aspirin aspirins
Aspirin is a mild drug which reduces pain and fever.
N-VAR The form aspirin can also be used for the plural

ass

[D.J.:æs]

[K.K.:æs]

n.

驴

傻瓜

ass.

assistant 助手,association 协会

asses

[D.J.:ˈæsˌi:z, ˈæsɪz]

[K.K.:ˈæsˌiz, ˈæsɪz]

n.

屁股;肛门;性交

ass **

1. ass asses
An ass is an animal which is related to a horse but which is smaller and has long ears.
N-COUNT

2. ass asses
If you describe someone as an ass , you think that they are silly or do silly things. (INFORMAL)

- He was generally disliked and regarded as a pompous ass.

N-COUNT disapproval

3. ass asses
Your ass is your bottom. ( VERY RUDE) (INFORMAL) (AM; in BRIT use arse or bum )
N-COUNT

4. ass
To kick ass or to kick someone's ass means to show them that you are angry with them, either by telling them or by using physical force. (AM, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- They've really been kicking ass lately -- busting places up, harassing everybody.

- He damn well better not try it now or he will damn well get his ass kicked.

PHR: V inflects

5. ass
Saying that someone can kiss your ass is a very rude way of expressing anger or disagreement. ( VERY RUDE) (AM, INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects feelings

6. ass
If you say that someone makes an ass of themselves , you mean they behave in a way that you think is very silly. (INFORMAL)

- I find no pleasure in seeing people make asses of themselves.

PHR: V and N inflect disapproval

ass

noun

1.

donkey

moke slang

2.

fool

blockhead

halfwit

idiot

jackass

numbskull or numskull

oaf

twit informal chiefly Brit.

assail

[D.J.:əˈseɪl]

[K.K.:əˈsel]

vt.

攻击；猛击, 痛打

质问;责骂

困扰;使苦恼

毅然应对;着手解决

assail *

1. assail assails assailing assailed
If someone assails you, they criticize you strongly. (WRITTEN)

- The opposition's newspapers assail the government each day.

- The labour movement has been assailed by accusations of sexism and demands for change from feminists.

VB
= attack

2. assail assails assailing assailed
If someone assails you, they attack you violently. (WRITTEN)

- Dividing his command, Morgan assailed both strongholds at the same time.

- Her husband was assailed by a young man with a knife in a Glasgow park.

VB
= attack

3. assail assails assailing assailed
If you are assailed by something unpleasant such as fears or problems, you are greatly troubled by a large number of them. (WRITTEN)

- She is assailed by self-doubt and emotional insecurity.

VB: usu passive
= beset

4. assail assails assailing assailed
If you say that a loud sound or a strong smell assails someone's ears or nostrils, you are emphasizing that it is very intense and seems shocking or unpleasant. (WRITTEN)

- The scent of burning metal assailed his nostrils.

VB emphasis

assail

verb

attack

assault

fall upon

lay into informal

set upon

assailant

[D.J.:əˈseɪlənt]

[K.K.:əˈselənt]

n.

攻击者

assailant *

assailant assailants
Someone's assailant is a person who has physically attacked them. (FORMAL)

- Other party-goers rescued the injured man from his assailant.

N-COUNT: usu poss N
= attacker

assailant

noun

attacker

aggressor

assailer

assaulter

invader

assassin

[D.J.:əˈsæsɪn]

[K.K.:əˈsæsɪn]

n.

暗杀者, 行刺者

<史>(大写)暗杀十字军的穆斯林秘密团体成员

assassin *

assassin assassins
An assassin is a person who assassinates someone.

- He saw the shooting and memorised the number of the assassin's car.

N-COUNT

assassin

noun

murderer

executioner

hatchet man slang

hit man slang

killer

liquidator

slayer

assassinate

[D.J.:əˈsæsəˌneɪt]

[K.K.:əˈsæsəˌnet]

vt.

暗杀,行刺

中伤；诋毁；破坏

assassination

[əˌsæsiˈneiʃən]

n.

暗杀

assassinate **

1. assassinate assassinates assassinating assassinated
When someone important is assassinated , they are murdered as a political act.

- Would the USA be radically different today if Kennedy had not been assassinated?.

- The plot to assassinate Martin Luther King had started long before he was actually killed.

VB

2. assassination assassinations

- She would like an investigation into the assassination of her husband.

- He lives in constant fear of assassination.

- ...an assassination plot.

N-VAR: oft N of n, N n

assassinate

verb

murder

eliminate slang

hit slang

kill

liquidate

slay

take out slang

assault

[D.J.:əˈsɔ:lt]

[K.K.:əˈsɔlt]

n.

攻击, 猛袭, 突袭

vt.

袭击, 殴打; 强暴

assault ***

1. assault assaults
An assault by an army is a strong attack made on an area held by the enemy.

- The rebels are poised for a new assault on the government garrisons.

- Most US soldiers welcomed the ground assault when the order was finally given.

N-COUNT: oft N on/upon/against n
= attack

2. assault
Assault weapons such as rifles are intended for soldiers to use in battle rather than for purposes such as hunting.

- ...a high-powered assault rifle.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. assault assaults
An assault on a person is a physical attack on them.

- The attack is one of a series of savage sexual assaults on women in the university area.

- At the police station, I was charged with assault.

N-VAR: oft N on/upon n

4. assault assaults assaulting assaulted
To assault someone means to physically attack them.

- The gang assaulted him with iron bars.

- She may have been sexually assaulted by her killer.

VB
= attack

5. assault assaults
An assault on someone's beliefs is a strong criticism of them.

- He leveled a verbal assault against his Democratic opponents.

N-COUNT: oft N on/upon/against n

assault

noun

1.

attack

charge

invasion

offensive

onslaught

verb

2.

attack

beset

fall upon

lay into informal

set about

set upon

strike at

assault and battery

assault and battery
Assault and battery is the crime of attacking someone and causing them physical harm. (LEGAL)
N-UNCOUNT

assault course

assault course assault courses
An assault course is an area of land covered with obstacles such as walls which people, especially soldiers, use to improve their skills and strength. (BRIT; in AM use obstacle course )
N-COUNT

assay

[D.J.:ˈæsˌeɪ, æˈseɪ]

[K.K.:ˈæsˌe, æˈse]

n.

化验

试金;分析试验

化验报告,分析报告

试样,试料

试验;分析评价

<古>尝试

vt.

化验

试验,检验

考验

分析

评价

尝试;试图

vi.

经检验证明内含成分

assay

assay assays
An assay is a test of a substance to find out what chemicals it contains. It is usually carried out to find out how pure a substance is. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

assemblage

[D.J.:əˈsemblɪdʒ]

[K.K.:əˈsɛmblɪdʒ]

n.

(聚集在一起的)一堆东西, 一群人

聚集,集会

装配;组合

组合成的艺术品

assemblage

assemblage assemblages
An assemblage of people or things is a collection of them. (FORMAL)

- She lived with her husband, who had an assemblage of old junk cars and engine parts scattered throughout the backyard.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

assemble

[D.J.:əˈsembl]

[K.K.:əˈsɛmbəl]

vt. & vi.

集合, 收集

vt.

装配, 组合

assembled

装配,组合

assembling

汇编

assemble **

1. assemble assembles assembling assembled
When people assemble or when someone assembles them, they come together in a group, usually for a particular purpose such as a meeting.

- There wasn't even a convenient place for students to assemble between classes.

- Thousands of people, mainly Zulus, assembled in a stadium in Thokoza.

- The assembled multitude cheered and whistled as the political leaders arrived.

V-ERG
= gather

2. assemble assembles assembling assembled
To assemble something means to collect them together or to fit the different parts of it together.

- Greenpeace managed to assemble a small flotilla of inflatable boats to waylay the ship at sea.

- She had been trying to assemble the bomb when it went off in her arms.

- He is assembling evidence concerning a murder.

VB

assemble

verb

1.

gather

amass

bring together

call together

collect

come together

congregate

meet

muster

rally

2.

put together

build up

connect

construct

fabricate

fit together

join

piece together

set up

assembler

[D.J.:əˈsemblə]

[K.K.:əˈsɛmblɚ]

n.

装配工

汇编程序

低级编码; 汇编语言

assembler

assembler assemblers
An assembler is a person, a machine, or a company which assembles the individual parts of a vehicle or a piece of equipment such as a computer.
N-COUNT

assembly

[D.J.:əˈsembli]

[K.K.:əˈsɛmbli]

n.

集会, 集合; 集合的人们

立法机构, 议会

装配, 组装

assembly ***

1. assembly assemblies
An assembly is a large group of people who meet regularly to make decisions or laws for a particular region or country.

- ...the campaign for the first free election to the National Assembly.

- ...an assembly of party members from the Russian republic.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. assembly assemblies
An assembly is a group of people gathered together for a particular purpose.

- ...an assembly of women Olympic gold-medal winners...

- He waited until complete quiet settled on the assembly.

N-COUNT
= gathering

3. assembly
When you refer to rights of assembly or restrictions on assembly , you are referring to the legal right that people have to gather together. (FORMAL)

- The US Constitution guarantees free speech, freedom of assembly and equal protection.

- They were accused of unlawful assembly.

N-UNCOUNT: usu prep N

4. assembly
In a school, assembly is a gathering of all the teachers and pupils at the beginning of every school day.

- By 9, the juniors are in the hall for assembly.

- ...a long room with a stage at one end for assemblies.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

5. assembly
The assembly of a machine, device, or object is the process of fitting its different parts together.

- For the rest of the day, he worked on the assembly of an explosive device.

- ...workers at Sao Paolo's car assembly plants.

N-UNCOUNT

assembly

noun

1.

gathering

collection

company

conference

congress

council

crowd

group

mass

meeting

2.

putting together

building up

connecting

construction

piecing together

setting up

assembly line *

assembly line assembly lines
An assembly line is an arrangement of workers and machines in a factory, where each worker deals with only one part of a product. The product passes from one worker to another until it is finished.

- ...a man who works on an assembly line.

N-COUNT

assemblyman

[D.J.:əˈsemblimən]

[K.K.:əˈsɛmblimən]

n.

议员

assemblyman

assemblyman
In the United States, an assemblyman is an elected member of an assembly of people who make decisions and laws.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

assembly plant

assembly plant assembly plants
An assembly plant is a factory where large items such as cars are put together, usually using parts which have been made in other factories.
N-COUNT

assemblywoman

[D.J.:əˈsembliˌwumən]

[K.K.:əˈsɛmbliˌwʊmən]

n.

女议员

assemblywoman

assemblywoman
In the United States, an assemblywoman is a female elected member of an assembly of people who make decisions and laws.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

assent

[D.J.:əˈsent]

[K.K.:əˈsɛnt]

n.

同意, 赞同

vi.

assent to

同意,赞成

assent *

1. assent
If someone gives their assent to something that has been suggested, they formally agree to it.

- He gave his assent to the proposed legislation.

- Without their assent a political settlement cannot be reached.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss, N to/for n
= agreement

2. assent assents assenting assented
If you assent to something, you agree to it or agree with it.

- I assented to the request of the American publishers to write this book.

- `But it's good grub,' he added. `You're right,' Pantieri assented.

VB

assent

noun

1.

agreement

acceptance

approval

compliance

concurrence

consent

permission

sanction

verb

2.

agree

allow

approve

consent

grant

permit

assert

[D.J.:əˈsə:t]

[K.K.:əˈsɚt]

vt.

声称, 断言

维护, 坚持

asserted

[D.J.:əˈsɜ:tɪd]

[K.K.:əˈsɚtɪd]

adj.

宣称的(尚待证实的)的

assertion

n.

(权利等的)主张,维护;(意见等的)坚持

强硬陈词;断言

assert **

1. assert asserts asserting asserted
If someone asserts a fact or belief, they state it firmly. (FORMAL)

- Mr. Helm plans to assert that the bill violates the First Amendment.

- The defendants, who continue to assert their innocence, are expected to appeal.

- Altman asserted, `We were making a political statement about western civilisation and greed.'

VB
= declare

2. assertion assertions

- There is no concrete evidence to support assertions that the recession is truly over.

N-VAR

3. assert asserts asserting asserted
If you assert your authority, you make it clear by your behaviour that you have authority.

- After the war, the army made an attempt to assert its authority in the south of the country.

- The people have asserted their power and that will be very difficult to reverse.

VB
= establish

4. assertion

- The decision is seen as an assertion of his authority within the company.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

5. assert asserts asserting asserted
If you assert your right or claim to something, you insist that you have the right to it.

- The republics began asserting their right to govern themselves.

VB

6. assertion

- These institutions have made the assertion of ethnic identity possible.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

7. assert asserts asserting asserted
If you assert yourself, you speak and act in a forceful way, so that people take notice of you.

- He's speaking up and asserting himself and doing things he enjoys.

VB

assert

verb

1.

state

affirm

declare

maintain

profess

pronounce

swear

2.

insist upon

claim

defend

press

put forward

stand up for

stress

uphold

assert oneself

3.

be forceful

exert one's influence

make one's presence felt

put oneself forward

put one's foot down informal

assertion

noun

1.

statement

claim

declaration

pronouncement

2.

insistence

maintenance

stressing

assertive

[D.J.:əˈsɜ:tɪv]

[K.K.:əˈsə..tɪv]

adj.

断言的,肯定的

表现出刚毅与自信性格的;坚定而自信的

武断的,独断的

(酒等)有浓郁香味的

assertively

adv.

断言地,独断地

assertive *

1. assertive
Someone who is assertive states their needs and opinions clearly, so that people take notice.

- Women have become more assertive in the past decade.

- ...an assertive style of management.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ submissive

2. assertively

- `You don't need to do that,' said Pearl assertively.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. assertiveness

- Clare's assertiveness stirred up his deep-seated sense of inadequacy.

- ...an assertiveness training class.

N-UNCOUNT

assertive

adjective

confident

aggressive

domineering

emphatic

feisty informal chiefly U.S. & Canad.

forceful

insistent

positive

pushy informal strong-willed

assess

[D.J.:əˈses]

[K.K.:əˈsɛs]

vt.

估价, 估计

评定, 核定

assess ***

1. assess assesses assessing assessed
When you assess a person, thing, or situation, you consider them in order to make a judgement about them.

- Our correspondent has been assessing the impact of the sanctions.

- The test was to assess aptitude rather than academic achievement.

- It would be a matter of assessing whether she was well enough to travel.

VB
= evaluate

2. assess assesses assessing assessed
When you assess the amount of money that something is worth or should be paid, you calculate or estimate it.

- Ask them to send you information on how to assess the value of your belongings.

- What's the property's assessed value?

VB

assess

verb

1.

judge

appraise

estimate

evaluate

rate

size up informal

value

weigh

2.

evaluate

fix

impose

levy

rate

tax

value

assessment

[D.J.:əˈsesmənt]

[K.K.:əˈsɛsmənt]

n.

(为征税对财产所作的)估价

评估,评定

评价,看法

核定的付款额

assessment ***

1. assessment assessments
An assessment is a consideration of someone or something and a judgement about them.

- There is little assessment of the damage to the natural environment.

- The tests are supposed to provide a basis for the assessment of children.

- Heggie was remanded to a mental hospital for assessment by doctors.

N-VAR
= evaluation

2. assessment assessments
An assessment of the amount of money that something is worth or that should be paid is a calculation or estimate of the amount.

- Price Waterhouse have traced the losses to lenders' inflated assessments of mortgaged property.

- ...income assessment.

N-VAR
= appraisal

assessment

noun

1.

judgment

appraisal

estimate

evaluation

rating

valuation

2.

evaluation

charge

fee

levy

rating

toll

valuation

assessor

[D.J.:əˈsesə]

[K.K.:əˈsɛsɚ]

n.

评税员,估价员

陪审法官

技术顾问；助理行政官

鉴定器

assessor *

1. assessor assessors
An assessor is a person who is employed to calculate the value of something, or the amount of money that should be paid, for example in tax.
N-COUNT
= appraiser

2. assessor assessors
An assessor is a person who is an expert in a subject, especially someone asked to advise a court of law on that subject.

- Two judges and six lay assessors sentenced White to life in prison.

N-COUNT

3. assessor assessors
An assessor is a person who judges the performance of someone else, for example in an exam, at an interview or at a sporting event.

- ...external assessors of GCSE exam results.

N-COUNT

asset

[D.J.:ˈæset]

[K.K.:ˈæsˌɛt]

n.

有价值的人或物; 优点, 长处

资产, 财产

assets

n.

资产

asset ****

1. asset assets
Something or someone that is an asset is considered useful or helps a person or organization to be successful.

- Her leadership qualities were the greatest asset of the Conservative Party.

- His Republican credentials made him an asset.

N-COUNT

2. asset assets
The assets of a company or a person are all the things that they own.

- By the end of 1989 the group had assets of 3.5 billion francs.

N-PLURAL

asset

noun

1.

benefit

advantage

aid

blessing

boon

feather in one's cap

help

resource

service

assets

2.

property

capital

estate

funds

goods

money

possessions

resources

wealth

asset-stripping

n.

资产剥除(低价收买财政困难的公司)

asset-stripping

asset-stripping
If a person or company is involved in asset-stripping , they buy companies cheaply, sell off their assets to make a profit, and then close the companies down.
N-UNCOUNT disapproval

asshole

[D.J.:ˈæsˌhəʊl]

[K.K.:ˈæsˌhol]

n.

屁眼儿,肛门

asshole *

asshole assholes
If one person calls another person an asshole , they think that person is extremely stupid or has behaved in a stupid way. ( VERY RUDE) (AM; in BRIT use arsehole )
N-COUNT disapproval

assiduous

[D.J.:əˈsɪdʒu:əs]

[K.K.:əˈsɪdʒuəs]

adj.

专心致志的, 勤勉的

照顾周到的;殷勤的

一丝不苟的

assiduously

adv.

勤勉地,恳切地

assiduous *

1. assiduous
Someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly.

- ...an assiduous student...

- Podulski had been assiduous in learning his adopted language.

ADJ-GRADED
= diligent

2. assiduously

- They planned their careers and worked assiduously to see them achieved.

- He liked beautiful women and courted them assiduously.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

assiduous

adjective

diligent

hard-working

indefatigable

industrious

persevering

persistent

unflagging

assign

[D.J.:əˈsain]

[K.K.:əˈsaɪn]

vt.

分配; 交给

指派, 选派

指定, 订出

assign **

1. assign assigns assigning assigned
If you assign a piece of work to someone, you give them the work to do.

- When I taught, I would assign a topic to children which they would write about.

- Later in the year, she'll assign them research papers.

- When teachers assign homework, students usually feel an obligation to do it.

VB

2. assign assigns assigning assigned
If you assign something to someone, you say that it is for their use.

- The selling broker is then required to assign a portion of the commission to the buyer broker.

- He assigned her all his land in Ireland.

VB
= allocate

3. assign assigns assigning assigned
If someone is assigned to a particular place, group, or person, they are sent there, usually in order to work at that place or for that person.

- I was assigned to Troop A of the 10th Cavalry.

- Did you choose Russia or were you simply assigned there?.

- Each of us was assigned a minder, someone who looked after us.

VB: usu passive
= detail

4. assign assigns assigning assigned
If you assign a particular function or value to someone or something, you say they have it.

- Under Mr. Harel's system, each business must assign a value to each job.

- Assign the letters of the alphabet their numerical values--A equals 1, B equals 2, etc.

VB

assign

verb

1.

select

appoint

choose

delegate

designate

name

nominate

2.

give

allocate

allot

apportion

consign

distribute

give out

grant

3.

attribute

accredit

ascribe

put down

assignation

[D.J.:ˌæsiɡˈneiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌæsɪɡˈneʃən]

n.

约会, 幽会

分配, 指派, 被分配, 被指派

assignation

assignation assignations
An assignation is a secret meeting with someone, especially with a lover. (FORMAL)

- She had an assignation with her boyfriend.

N-COUNT: oft N with n

assignation

noun

1.

secret meeting

clandestine meeting

illicit meeting

rendezvous

tryst archaic

2.

selection

appointment

assignment

choice

delegation

designation

nomination

assignment

[D.J.:əˈsainmənt]

[K.K.:əˈsaɪnmənt]

n.

工作, 任务

分配, 指派

assignments

分配

assignment **

1. assignment assignments
An assignment is a task or piece of work that you are given to do, especially as part of your job or studies.

- The assessment for the course involves written assignments and practical tests.

N-COUNT

2. assignment
You can refer to someone being given a particular task or job as their assignment to the task or job.

- An Australian division scheduled for assignment to Greece was ordered to remain in Egypt.

- I hardly ever take photographs except on assignment.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n

assignment

noun

task

appointment

commission

duty

job

mission

position

post

responsibility

assimilate

[D.J.:əˈsimileit]

[K.K.:əˈsɪməˌlet]

vt. & vi.

吸收, 消化

同化

assimilation

[D.J.:əˌsɪməˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:əˌsɪməˈleʃən]

n.

(食物等的)吸收；消化

(被)吸收或同化的过程

assimilate *

1. assimilate assimilates assimilating assimilated
When people such as immigrants assimilate into a community or when that community assimilates them, they become an accepted part of it.

- There is every sign that new Asian-Americans are just as willing to assimilate.

- His family tried to assimilate into the white and Hispanic communities.

- The Vietnamese are trying to assimilate themselves and become Americans.

- French Jews generally had been assimilated into the nation's culture.

V-ERG
= integrate

2. assimilation

- They promote social integration and assimilation of minority ethnic groups into the culture.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n
= integration

3. assimilate assimilates assimilating assimilated
If you assimilate new ideas, customs, or techniques, you learn them or adopt them.

- My mind could only assimilate one impossibility at a time.

VB
= absorb

4. assimilation

- This technique brings life to instruction and eases assimilation of knowledge.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

assimilate

verb

1.

learn

absorb

digest

incorporate

take in

2.

adjust

adapt

blend in

mingle

assist

[D.J.:əˈsist]

[K.K.:əˈsɪst]

vt. & vi.

帮助, 促进

assist ***

1. assist assists assisting assisted
If you assist someone, you help them to do a job or task by doing part of the work for them.

- Julia was assisting him to prepare his speech.

- The family decided to assist me with my chores.

- Dr Amid was assisted by a young Asian nurse.

VB
= help

2. assist assists assisting assisted
If you assist someone, you give them information, advice, or money.

- The public is urgently requested to assist police in tracing this man.

- Foreign Office officials assisted with transport and finance problems.

- The Authority will provide a welfare worker to assist you.

VB
= help

3. assist assists assisting assisted
If something assists in doing a task, it makes the task easier to do.

- ...a chemical that assists in the manufacture of proteins...

- Here are some good sources of information to assist you in making the best selection.

- Salvage operations have been greatly assisted by the good weather conditions.

VB

assist

verb

help

abet

aid

cooperate

lend a helping hand

serve

support

assistance

[D.J.:əˈsistəns]

[K.K.:əˈsɪstəns]

n.

帮助, 援助

assistance ***

1. assistance
If you give someone assistance , you help them do a job or task by doing part of the work for them.

- Since 1976 he has been operating the shop with the assistance of volunteers.

- She can still come downstairs with assistance but she's very weak.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss
= help aid

2. assistance
If you give someone assistance , you give them information or advice.

- Any assistance you could give the police will be greatly appreciated.

- Employees are being offered assistance in finding new jobs.

N-UNCOUNT
= help aid

3. assistance
If someone gives a person or country assistance , they help them by giving them money.

- a viable programme of economic assistance.

- We shall offer you assistance with legal expenses up to $5,000.

N-UNCOUNT: oft supp N
= help aid

4. assistance
If something is done with the assistance of a particular thing, that thing is helpful or necessary for doing it.

- The translations were carried out with the assistance of a medical dictionary.

N-UNCOUNT
= help aid

5. assistance
Someone or something that is of assistance to you is helpful or useful to you.

- He was of great assistance to me in researches for my books.

- Can I be of any assistance?

PHR: V inflects, usu modal PHR
= be of help

6. assistance
If you come to someone's assistance , you take action to help them.

- They are appealing to the world community to come to Jordan's assistance.

- Ben suffered a heart attack and Helen rushed to his assistance.

PHR: V inflects

assistance

noun

help

aid

backing

cooperation

helping hand

support

assistant

[D.J.:əˈsistənt]

[K.K.:əˈsɪstənt]

n.

助手, 副手, 助理; 助教

assistant ***

1. assistant
Assistant is used in front of titles or jobs to indicate a slightly lower rank. For example, an assistant director is one rank lower than a director in an organization.

- ...the assistant secretary of defense.

- ...a young assistant professor at Harvard.

ADJ: ADJ n
= deputy

2. assistant assistants
Someone's assistant is a person who helps them in their work.

- Kalan called his assistant, Hashim, to take over while he went out.

- The salesman had been accompanied to the meeting by an assistant.

N-COUNT
= aide

3. assistant assistants
An assistant is a person who works in a shop selling things to customers.

- The assistant took the book and checked the price on the back cover.

- She got a job as a sales assistant selling handbags.

N-COUNT
= shop assistant

assistant

noun

helper

accomplice

aide

ally

colleague

right-hand man

second

supporter

assistant referee

assistant referee assistant referees
An assistant referee is the same as a linesman .
N-COUNT

Assoc

abbr.

Association 协会

Assoc

abbr.

Association 协会

Assoc.

Assoc.
Assoc. is a written abbreviation for association , associated , or associate .

associate

[D.J.:əˈsəuʃieit]

[K.K.:əˈsoʃiˌet]

vt. & vi.

(使)发生联系, (使)联合; 结交, 结伙

[əˈsəuʃiit]

n.

伙伴, 同事

associated

adj.

联合的,关联的

associate ***

1. associate associates associating associated
If you associate someone or something with another thing, the two are connected in your mind.

- Through science we've got the idea of associating progress with the future.

- Rap groups have been barred from large musical events because they are associated with vandalism.

VB

2. associate associates associating associated
If you are associated with a particular organization, cause, or point of view, or if you associate yourself with it, you support it publicly.

- I haven't been associated with the project over the last year.

- The press feels the need to associate itself with the green movement.

VB
= affiliate

3. associate associates associating associated
If you say that someone is associating with another person or group of people, you mean they are spending a lot of time in the company of people you do not approve of.

- What would they think if they knew that they were associating with a murderer?.

- They disapproved of her dancing at discos and associating with homosexuals.

VB
= fraternize mix

4. associate associates
Your associates are the people you are closely connected with, especially at work.

- ...the restaurant owner's business associates.

N-COUNT: oft n N
= colleague

5. associate
Associate is used before a rank or title to indicate a slightly different or lower rank or title.

- Mr Lin is associate director of the Institute.

- She applied for associate membership last year.

- ...an associate professor of political science.

ADJ: ADJ n

associated ***

1. associated
If one thing is associated with another, the two things are connected with each other.

- These symptoms are particularly associated with migraine headaches.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ with n

2. associated
Associated is used in the name of a company that is made up of a number of smaller companies which have joined together.

- ...the Associated Press.

ADJ: ADJ n

associate

verb

1.

connect

ally

combine

identify

join

link

lump together

2.

mix

accompany

consort

hobnob

mingle

socialize

noun

3.

partner

collaborator

colleague

confederate

co-worker

4.

friend

ally

companion

comrade

mate informal

association

[D.J.:əˌsəuʃiˈeiʃən]

[K.K.:əˌsosiˈeʃən, -ʃi-]

n.

协会, 社团

联合, 结合, 交往

association ****

1. association associations
An association is an official group of people who have the same job, aim, or interest.

- ...the British Olympic Association...

- Research associations are often linked to a particular industry.

N-COUNT: oft in names
See also housing association .

2. association associations
Your association with a person or a thing such as an organization is the connection that you have with them.

- ...the company's six-year association with retailer J.C. Penney Co...

- Blyth's association with the sea began in 1966.

- The association between the two companies stretches back thirty years.

N-COUNT: usu N with n
= affiliation

3. association associations
If something has particular associations for you, it is connected in your mind with a particular memory, idea, or feeling.

- He has a shelf full of things, each of which has associations for him.

- Black was considered inappropriate because of its associations with death.

N-COUNT: usu pl

4. association
If you do something in association with someone else, you do it together.

- Published in association with the Council for the Protection of Rural England, the book provides refreshing solutions to the long-term problem of water conservation.

PHR: PHR n

5. association
If one thing is found in association with another, they are found together.
PHR: PHR n

association

noun

1.

group

alliance

band

club

coalition

federation

league

organization

society

2.

connection

blend

combination

joining

juxtaposition

mixture

pairing

union

associative

[D.J.:əˈsəuʃjətiv]

[K.K.:əˈsoʃiˌetɪv, -si-, -ʃətɪv]

adj.

联合的,联想的,结合的

associative

associative
Associative thoughts are things that you think of because you see, hear, or think of something that reminds you of those things or which you associate with those things.

- The associative guilt was ingrained in his soul.

- The real picture is more horrific and stronger but one must conjure up all the associative thoughts and emotions it evokes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

assorted

[D.J.:əˈsɔ:tid]

[K.K.:əˈsɔrtɪd]

adj.

各种各样的; 五花八门的

assorted *

assorted
A group of assorted things is a group of similar things that are of different sizes or colours or have different qualities.

- It should be a great week, with overnight stops in assorted hotels in the West Highlands.

- ...swimsuits, sizes 12-18, in assorted colours.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= various

assorted

adjective

various

different

diverse

miscellaneous

mixed

motley

sundry

varied

assortment

[D.J.:əˈsɔ:tmənt]

[K.K.:əˈsɔrtmənt]

n.

分类；各类物品或同类各种物品的聚集；混合物

assortment *

assortment assortments
An assortment is a group of similar things that are of different sizes or colours or have different qualities.

- ...an assortment of cheese.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

assortment

noun

variety

array

choice

collection

jumble

medley

mixture

selection

asst.

assistant 助手

asst.

asst.
Asst. is an abbreviation for assistant .

assuage

[D.J.:əˈsweɪdʒ]

[K.K.:əˈswedʒ]

vt.

减轻；缓和；平息

使安静

充饥；解渴；满足(欲望)

assuagement

n.

缓和,减轻

assuager

n.

减轻…的人

assuagement

n.

缓和,缓和物

assuage

1. assuage assuages assuaging assuaged
If you assuage an unpleasant feeling that someone has, you make them feel it less strongly. (LITERARY)

- To assuage his wife's grief, he took her on a tour of Europe.

- She was just trying to assuage her guilt by playing the devoted mother.

VB
= lessen soften

2. assuage assuages assuaging assuaged
If you assuage a need or desire for something, you satisfy it. (LITERARY)

- The meat they'd managed to procure assuaged their hunger.

VB

assume

[D.J.:əˈsju:m]

[K.K.:əˈsum]

vt.

假设, 臆断, 猜想

假装

承担, 担任, 就职

呈现, 采取

assumed

[D.J.:əˈsu:md]

[K.K.:əˈsumd]

adj.

假装的;假冒的

假定的,设想的

被承担的

assuming

[D.J.:əˈsju:miŋ]

[K.K.:əˈsumɪŋ]

conj.

如果

assume ****

1. assume assumes assuming assumed
If you assume that something is true, you imagine that it is true, sometimes wrongly.

- It is a misconception to assume that the two continents are similar.

- If the package is wrapped well, we assume the contents are also wonderful.

- If mistakes occurred, they were assumed to be the fault of the commander on the spot.

- `Today?' --- `I'd assume so, yeah.'

VB
= presume

2. assume assumes assuming assumed
If someone assumes power or responsibility, they take power or responsibility.

- Mr Cross will assume the role of Chief Executive with a team of four directors.

- If there is no president, power will be assumed by the most extremist forces.

VB

3. assume assumes assuming assumed
If something assumes a particular quality, it begins to have that quality.

- In his dreams, the mountains assumed enormous importance.

VB
= take on

4. assume assumes assuming assumed
If you assume a particular expression or way of behaving, you start to look or behave in this way.

- He contented himself by assuming an air of superiority.

- Prue assumed a placatory tone of voice.

VB
= put on

5. assume
You can use let us assume or let's assume when you are considering a possible situation or event, so that you can think about the consequences.

- Let us assume those clubs actually win something. Then players will receive large bonuses.

- Let's assume for a moment that I am a litigant in your court.

PHR: PHR that
See also assuming .

assuming **

assuming
You use assuming or assuming that when you are considering a possible situation or event, so that you can think about the consequences.

- `Assuming you're right,' he said, `there's not much I can do about it, is there?'.

- But assuming that the talks make progress, won't they do too little, too late?

CONJ-SUBORD
= if

assume

verb

1.

take for granted

believe

expect

fancy

imagine

infer

presume

suppose

surmise

think

2.

take on

accept

enter upon

put on

shoulder

take over

3.

put on

adopt

affect

feign

imitate

impersonate

mimic

pretend to

simulate

assumed

adjective

1.

false

bogus

counterfeit

fake

fictitious

made-up

make-believe

2.

taken for granted

accepted

expected

hypothetical

presumed

presupposed

supposed

surmised

assumed name

assumed name assumed names
If you do something under an assumed name , you do it using a name that is not your real name.

- The articles were published in San Francisco newspapers under the assumed name of Dorothy Dodge.

- In Arnham, she and her mother lived under assumed names and took care to speak Flemish rather than their more usual French and English.

N-COUNT: usu under N
= pseudonym

assumption

[D.J.:əˈsʌmpʃən]

[K.K.:əˈsʌmpʃən]

n.

假定, 臆断

assumption ***

1. assumption assumptions
If you make an assumption that something is true or will happen, you accept that it is true or will happen, often without any real proof.

- They have taken a wrong turning in their assumption that all men and women think alike.

- Dr Subroto questioned the scientific assumption on which the global warming theory is based.

- Economists are working on the assumption of an interest rate cut.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N that, adj N, N of n, on N
= idea notion

2. assumption
Someone's assumption of power or responsibility is their taking of it.

- The government have retained the support which greeted their assumption of power last March.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

assumption

noun

1.

presumption

belief

conjecture

guess

hypothesis

inference

supposition

surmise

2.

taking on

acceptance

acquisition

adoption

entering upon

putting on

shouldering

takeover

taking up

3.

taking

acquisition

appropriation

seizure

takeover

assurance

[D.J.:əˈʃuərəns]

[K.K.:əˈʃʊrəns]

n.

保证, 担保, 确信

把握, 信心

(人寿)保险

assurance **

1. assurance assurances
If you give someone an assurance that something is true or will happen, you say that it is definitely true or will definitely happen, in order to make them feel less worried.

- He would like an assurance that other forces will not move into the territory that his forces vacate.

- He will have been pleased by Marshal Yazov's assurance of the armed forces' loyalty.

N-VAR: oft N that, N of n
= promise

2. assurance
If you do something with assurance , you do it with a feeling of confidence and certainty.

- Masur led the orchestra with assurance.

- The EC is now acquiring greater assurance and authority.

N-UNCOUNT
= assuredness

3. assurance
Assurance is insurance that provides cover in the event of death. (BRIT)

- ...endowment assurance.

N-UNCOUNT
See also life assurance .

assurance

noun

1.

assertion

declaration

guarantee

oath

pledge

promise

statement

vow

word

2.

confidence

boldness

certainty

conviction

faith

nerve

poise

self-confidence

assure

[D.J.:əˈʃuə]

[K.K.:əˈʃʊr]

vt.

使相信; 使确信

保险

assured

[D.J.:əˈʃʊəd]

[K.K.:əˈʃʊrd]

adj.

确定的;有保证的

自信的;有把握的

自大的；自满的

<英>被保了险的

n.

被保险人

保险受益人

rest assured (that …)

深信无疑；非常肯定；(对…)很有信心

assuredness

n.

确信,确实,自信

assuring

[əˈʃuəriŋ]

adj.

保证的,确信的,给人信心的

assure **

1. assure assures assuring assured
If you assure someone that something is true or will happen, you tell them that it is definitely true or will definitely happen, often in order to make them less worried.

- He hastened to assure me that there was nothing traumatic to report.

- `Are you sure the raft is safe?' she asked anxiously. `Couldn't be safer,' Max assured her confidently.

- Government officials recently assured Hindus of protection.

VB
= reassure

See also assured .

2. assure assures assuring assured
To assure someone of something means to make certain that they will get it.

- Last night's resounding victory over Birmingham City has virtually assured them of promotion.

- Ways must be found to assure our children a decent start in life.

VB
= guarantee

3. assure
You use phrases such as I can assure you or let me assure you to emphasize the truth of what you are saying.

- I can assure you that the animals are well cared for.

- This may sound trivial, but I assure you it is quite important!.

- And let me assure you I will use whatever force is necessary to restore order.

PHR: PHR that, PHR with cl emphasis
= believe me

assured ***

1. assured
Someone who is assured is very confident and relaxed.

- He was infinitely more assured than in his more recent parliamentary appearances.

ADJ-GRADED
= composed

2. assuredness

- This a lyrical work written with the authority and assuredness of an experienced writer.

N-UNCOUNT
= assurance

3. assured
If something is assured , it is certain to happen.

- Our victory is assured; nothing can stop us.

- Yesterday, her future seemed assured.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
≠ doubtful

4. assured
If you are assured of something, you are certain to get it or achieve it.

- Laura Davies is assured of a place in Europe's team.

- Bickerstaffe looks assured of being elected general secretary.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of n

5. assured
If you say that someone can rest assured that something is the case, you mean that it is definitely the case, so they do not need to worry about it.

- Their parents can rest assured that their children's safety will be of paramount importance.

- Rest assured, he probably has rather more common sense than you realize.

PHR: PHR that, PHR with cl emphasis

6. assured
You use rest assured when you want to emphasize your determination to do something.

- I will be seeing Mr and Mrs. Johnson. And rest assured I will tell them of your rudeness.

- Rest assured, if you owe taxes, we will collect them.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

assure

verb

1.

promise

certify

confirm

declare confidently

give one's word to

guarantee

pledge

swear

vow

2.

convince

comfort

embolden

encourage

hearten

persuade

reassure

3.

make certain

clinch

complete

confirm

ensure

guarantee

make sure

seal

secure

assured

adjective

1.

confident

certain

poised

positive

self-assured

self-confident

sure of oneself

2.

certain

beyond doubt

confirmed

ensured

fixed

guaranteed

in the bag slang

secure

settled

sure

assuredly

[əˈʃuəridli]

adv.

确实地,确信地

assuredly

assuredly
If something is assuredly true, it is definitely true.

- Competitiveness is, assuredly, not going to happen by leaving events to market forces alone.

- If he fails to win here, he will most assuredly lose the White House.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group, ADV before v
= definitely

asterisk

[D.J.:ˈæstəˌrɪsk]

[K.K.:ˈæstəˌrɪsk]

n.

星号；星状物

vt.

加星号于

asterisk

asterisk asterisks
An asterisk is the sign *. It is used especially to indicate that there is further information about something in another part of the text.
N-COUNT

astern

[D.J.:əsˈtə:n]

[K.K.:əˈstɚn]

adv.

在或向着船或飞行器的尾部

(指船)向后

astern

1. astern
Something that is astern is at the back of a ship or behind the back part. (TECHNICAL)

- The captain was astern, pretending he was sleeping.

ADV: be ADV

2. astern
A ship that is moving astern is moving backwards. (TECHNICAL)

- At the crucial moment, the barge would not go astern.

ADV: ADV after v, from ADV

asteroid

[D.J.:ˈæstəˌrɔɪd]

[K.K.:ˈæstəˌrɔɪd]

n.

小行星

海盘车；海星

adj.

星状的；海盘车的

asteroid *

asteroid asteroids
An asteroid is one of the very small planets that move around the sun between Mars and Jupiter.
N-COUNT

asthma

[D.J.:ˈæsmə]

[K.K.:ˈæzmə, ˈæs-]

n.

〈医〉气喘; 哮喘

asthma **

asthma
Asthma is a lung condition which causes difficulty in breathing.
N-UNCOUNT

asthmatic

[D.J.:æzˈmætɪk]

adj.

气喘的；患气喘的；发出去呼哧声的

n.

气喘患者；哮喘患者

asthmatic

1. asthmatic asthmatics
People who suffer from asthma are sometimes referred to as asthmatics .

- I have been an asthmatic from childhood and was never able to play any sports.

N-COUNT

2. asthmatic
Also an adjective.

- One child in ten is asthmatic.

ADJ-GRADED

3. asthmatic
Asthmatic means relating to asthma.

- ...asthmatic breathing.

ADJ: ADJ n

astigmatism

astigmatism
If someone has astigmatism , the front of their eye has a slightly irregular shape, so they cannot see properly.
N-UNCOUNT

astonish

[D.J.:əsˈtɔniʃ]

[K.K.:əˈstɑnɪʃ]

vt.

使惊讶, 使大为吃惊

astonished

惊讶的

astonishing

[D.J.:əsˈtɔnɪʃɪŋ]

adj.

使人吃惊的,惊人的

astonishingly

adv.

令人惊讶地,惊人地

astonish *

astonish astonishes astonishing astonished
If something or someone astonishes you, they surprise you very much.

- My news will astonish you.

- Her dedication constantly astonishes me.

VB
= amaze

astonished *

astonished
If you are astonished by something, you are very surprised about it.

- I was astonished by his stupidity.

- They were astonished to find the driver was a six-year-old boy.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ by/at n, ADJ to-inf, ADJ that

astonishing **

1. astonishing
Something that is astonishing is very surprising.

- It's astonishing, he's learned Latin in three hours!

- ...an astonishing display of physical strength.

ADJ-GRADED
= amazing

2. astonishingly

- Isabella was an astonishingly beautiful young woman.

- He was wearing, astonishingly, a frilly pink apron over shirt and trousers.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv, ADV with cl

astonish

verb

amaze

astound

bewilder

confound

daze

dumbfound

stagger

stun

surprise

astonishing

adjective

amazing

astounding

bewildering

breathtaking

brilliant

sensational informal

staggering

stunning

surprising

astonishment

[D.J.:əˈstɔnɪʃmənt]

[K.K.:əˈstɑnɪʃmənt]

n.

惊讶, 惊奇

令人惊讶的事物或人

astonishment *

astonishment
Astonishment is a feeling of great surprise.

- I spotted a shooting star which, to my astonishment, was bright green in colour.

- `What?' Meg asked in astonishment.

N-UNCOUNT
= amazement

astonishment

noun

amazement

awe

bewilderment

confusion

consternation

surprise

wonder

wonderment

astound

[D.J.:əˈstaʊnd]

[K.K.:əˈstaʊnd]

vt.

使震惊, 使大吃一惊

astounding

[əsˈtaundiŋ]

adj.

使人震惊的

astound

astound astounds astounding astounded
If something astounds you, you are very surprised by it.

- He used to astound his friends with feats of physical endurance.

VB
= astonish

astounded *

astounded
If you are astounded by something, you are very shocked or surprised that it could exist or happen.

- I was astounded by its beauty.

- I am astounded at the comments made by the Chief Superintendent.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ by/at n, ADJ to-inf, ADJ that
= astonished

astounding *

1. astounding
If something is astounding , you are shocked or amazed that it could exist or happen.

- The results are quite astounding.

ADJ-GRADED
= amazing astonishing

2. astoundingly

- ...astoundingly blue eyes...

- Astoundingly, an American had won the Tour de France.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv, ADV with cl

astounding

adjective

amazing

astonishing

bewildering

breathtaking

brilliant

impressive

sensational informal

staggering

stunning

surprising

astrakhan

[D.J.:ˌæstrəˈkæn]

[K.K.:ˈæstrəˌkæn, -kən]

n.

俄国羔皮

仿羊皮织物

astrakhan

astrakhan
Astrakhan is black or grey curly fur from the skins of lambs. It is used for making coats and hats.

- ...a calf-length coat with astrakhan collar.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

astral

[D.J.:ˈæstrəl]

[K.K.:ˈæstrəl]

adj.

星形的

astral *

astral
Astral means relating to the stars. (FORMAL)
ADJ

astray

[D.J.:əˈstreɪ]

[K.K.:əˈstre]

adv. & adj.

误入歧途地(的), 迷路地(的)

go astray

被遗失；被放错地方

迷路；(动物)走失

走上邪路；堕落

astray *

1. astray
If you are led astray by someone or something, you behave badly or foolishly because of them.

- The judge thought he'd been led astray by older children.

PHR: V inflects

2. astray
If someone or something leads you astray , they make you believe something which is not true, causing you to make a wrong decision.

- The testimony would inflame the jurors, and lead them astray from the facts of the case.

- We drove east to Rostock, where my map led me astray.

PHR: V inflects
= mislead

3. astray
If something goes astray , it gets lost while it is being taken or sent somewhere.

- Many items of mail being sent to her have gone astray.

PHR: V inflects
= go missing

astray

adverb

off the right track

adrift

amiss

lost

off

off course

off the mark

off the subject

astride

[D.J.:əˈstraɪd]

[K.K.:əˈstraɪd]

adv.

两腿分开着(地)

prep.

两腿分开着；跨着；跨越

astride

astride
If you sit or stand astride something, you sit or stand with one leg on each side of it.

- ...three youths who stood astride their bicycles and stared.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV

astringency

[əˈstrindʒənsi]

n.

收敛性,严酷

astringent

[D.J.:əˈstrɪndʒənt]

[K.K.:əˈstrɪndʒənt]

n.

收敛剂, 止血药

adj.

收敛的;止血的

收缩的

尖刻的；辛辣的

严厉的, 严格的

astringent *

1. astringent astringents
An astringent is a liquid that you put on your skin to make it less oily or to make cuts stop bleeding.
N-COUNT

2. astringent
Also an adjective.

- ...an astringent lotion.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. astringent
Astringent means forceful and critical.

- Sunset Boulevard was originally conceived by Wilder as an astringent satire on Hollywood.

ADJ-GRADED
= caustic

4. astringent
If something has an astringent taste, it is sharp or bitter. (FORMAL)

- The fruit has a tart and astringent flavour.

ADJ-GRADED

5. astringency

- The process, in which the tea develops its characteristic astringency, is known as fermentation.

N-UNCOUNT

astro-

[ˈæstrəu]

pref.

表示“星,天体,宇宙”之义

astro-

astro-
Astro- is used to form words which refer to things relating to the stars or to outer space.

- ...astro-navigation.

PREFIX

astrologer

[D.J.:əsˈtrɔlədʒə]

n.

占星家

astrologer *

astrologer astrologers
An astrologer is a person who uses astrology to try to tell you things about your character and your future.
N-COUNT

astrological

adj.

占星的,占星术的

astrology

[D.J.:əˈstrɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:əˈstrɑlədʒi]

n.

占星术

astrology *

1. astrology
Astrology is the study of the movements of the planets, sun, moon, and stars in the belief that these movements can have an influence on people's lives.
N-UNCOUNT

2. astrological

- He has had a keen and lifelong interest in astrological research.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. astrologically

- ...an astrologically significant moment.

ADV

astronaut

[D.J.:ˈæstrənɔ:t]

[K.K.:ˈæstrəˌnɔt]

n.

宇航员, 太空人

astronaut *

astronaut astronauts
An astronaut is a person who is trained for travelling in a spacecraft.
N-COUNT
= spaceman

astronomer

[D.J.:əˈstrɔnəmə]

[K.K.:əˈstrɑnəmɚ]

n.

天文学者；天文学家

astronomer **

astronomer astronomers
An astronomer is a scientist who studies the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space.
N-COUNT

astronomical

[D.J.:ˌæstrəˈnɔmɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌæstrəˈnɑmɪkəl]

adj.

天文学的,天体的

极大的

astronomically

adv.

天文学上

astronomical *

1. astronomical
If you describe an amount, especially the cost of something as astronomical , you are emphasizing that it is very large indeed.

- Houses in the village are going for astronomical prices.

- The cost will be astronomical.

ADJ emphasis

2. astronomically

- He was astronomically wealthy.

- House prices had risen astronomically.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV after v

3. astronomical
Astronomical means relating to astronomy.

- The British Astronomical Association.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

astronomy

[D.J.:əsˈtrɔnəmi]

[K.K.:əˈstrɑnəmi]

n.

天文学

astronomy *

astronomy
Astronomy is the scientific study of the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space.
N-UNCOUNT

astrophysicist

n.

天体物理学家

astrophysicist

astrophysicist astrophysicists
An astrophysicist is someone who studies astrophysics.
N-COUNT

astrophysics

[D.J.:æstrəuˈfiziks]

[K.K.:ˌæstroˈfɪzɪks]

n.

天体物理学

astrophysics

astrophysics
Astrophysics is the study of the physical and chemical structure of the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space.
N-UNCOUNT

astute

[D.J.:əˈstu:t, əˈstju:t]

[K.K.:əˈstut, əˈstjut]

adj.

机敏的,精明的,狡猾的

astutely

adv.

敏锐地,精明地

astuteness

n.

敏锐,精明

astutely

adv.

敏捷地,伶俐地

astuteness

n.

机敏,精明

astute *

1. astute
If you describe someone as astute , you think they show an understanding of behaviour and situations, and are skilful at using this knowledge to their own advantage.

- She was politically astute.

- He made a series of astute business decisions.

ADJ-GRADED
= shrewd

2. astutely

- Oxford, as Evelyn Waugh astutely observed, is a city best seen in early summer.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= shrewdly

3. astuteness

- With characteristic astuteness, he spoke separately to all those involved.

N-UNCOUNT
= shrewdness

astute

adjective

intelligent

canny

clever

crafty

cunning

perceptive

sagacious

sharp

shrewd

subtle

asunder

[D.J.:əˈsʌndə]

[K.K.:əˈsʌndɚ]

adv.

<文>分开地；分离地

成数部分(或数块),化为碎片

asunder

asunder
If something tears or is torn asunder , it is violently separated into two or more parts or pieces. (LITERARY)

- ...a dress rent asunder from shoulder to hem...

- The debate is tearing Wall Street asunder.

ADV: ADV after v

asylum

[D.J.:əˈsailəm]

[K.K.:əˈsaɪləm]

n.

避难所; 庇护, 政治避难

精神病院

asylum **

1. asylum asylums
An asylum is a psychiatric hospital. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

2. asylum
If a government gives a person from another country asylum , they allow them to stay, usually because they are unable to return home safely for political reasons.

- He applied for asylum in 1987 after fleeing the police back home.

N-UNCOUNT
= sanctuary

asylum

noun

1.

refuge

harbour

haven

preserve

retreat

safety

sanctuary

shelter

2.

mental hospital

hospital

institution

madhouse informal

psychiatric hospital

asylum seeker *

asylum seeker asylum seekers
An asylum seeker is a person who is trying to get asylum in a foreign country.

- Fewer than 7% of asylum seekers are accepted as political refugees.

N-COUNT

asymmetric

[D.J.:ˌæsɪˈmetrɪk]

[K.K.:ˌæsɪˈm ɛtrɪk]

adj.

不对称的,不匀称的

<逻>非对称的

asymmetric

asymmetric
Asymmetric means the same as asymmetrical .
ADJ-GRADED
≠ symmetric

asymmetrical

adj.

不均匀的,不对称的

asymmetrical

asymmetrical
Something that is asymmetrical has two sides or halves that are different in shape, size, or style.

- ...asymmetrical shapes.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ symmetrical

asymmetry

[D.J.:eɪˈsɪmɪtri:]

[K.K.:eˈsɪmɪtri]

n.

不对称

asymmetric(al)

adj.

不对称的，不对等的

asymmetry

asymmetry asymmetries
Asymmetry is the appearance that something has when its two sides or halves are different in shape, size, or style.

- ...the asymmetry of Van de Velde's designs of this period.

N-VAR
≠ symmetry

asymptomatic

[D.J.:æˌsimptəˈmætik]

[K.K.:ˌesɪmptəˈmætɪk]

adj.

无临床症状的

asymptomatic

asymptomatic
If someone with a disease is asymptomatic , it means that they do not show any symptoms of the disease. (MEDICAL)

- I have patients who are HIV-positive and asymptomatic.

ADJ
≠ symptomatic

at

[D.J.:æt, ət]

[K.K.:æt,ət]

prep.

(表示位置) 在, 于; 到达, 达到; 经, 由; 在…旁, 靠近; 在…里; 在…上; 在…方位

(表示时间)在, 在…时刻[时辰, 期间, 阶段, 时节]; 在…岁时

(表示状态)处于…状态, 在…情况下

(表示方式)以…的方式; 通过一次…的动作

(表示原因)因为, 由于; 由于有, 由于应…

(表示距离)从, 在距离…处

(表示目标)朝, 向, 对着

(表示环境)出席, 参加

(表示方向)在…方面

at *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, at is used after some verbs, nouns, and adjectives to introduce extra information. At is also used in phrasal verbs such as `keep on at' and `play at'.)

1. at
You use at to indicate the place or event where something happens or is situated.

- We had dinner at a restaurant in Attleborough.

- He will be at the airport to meet her.

- I didn't like being alone at home.

- Hamstrings are supporting muscles at the back of the thigh.

- The announcement was made at a news conference in Peking.

PREP

2. at
If someone is at school or college, or at a particular school or college, they go there regularly to study.

- He was shy and nervous as a boy, and unhappy at school.

- It was at university that he first encountered Hopkins.

- I majored in psychology at Hunter College.

PREP

3. at
If you are at something such as a table, a door, or someone's side, you are next to it or them.

- An assistant sat typing away at a table beside him.

- Graham was already at the door.

- At his side was a beautiful young woman.

- He gave the girl at the desk the message.

PREP

4. at
When you are describing where someone or something is, you can say that they are at a certain distance. You can also say that one thing is at an angle in relation to another thing.

- The two journalists followed at a discreet distance.

- The tree was leaning at a low angle from the ground.

PREP

5. at
If something happens at a particular time, that is the time when it happens or begins to happen.

- The funeral will be carried out this afternoon at 3.00.

- He only sees her at Christmas and Easter.

PREP

6. at
If you do something at a particular age, you do it when you are that age.

- Blake emigrated to Australia with his family at 13.

- Mary Martin has died at her home in California at the age of seventy-six.

PREP

7. at
You use at to express a rate, frequency, level, or price.

- I drove back down the highway at normal speed.

- Check the oil at regular intervals, and have the car serviced regularly.

- The submarine lies at a depth of 6,000 feet in the Barents Sea.

- ...custom-designed rugs at $16 to $100 a sq ft.

PREP

8. at
You use at before a number or amount to indicate a measurement.

- Weighing in at eighty tons, the B-19 was easily the largest and most sophisticated warplane in the world.

- ...as unemployment stays pegged at three million.

PREP: PREP amount

9. at
If you look at someone or something, you look towards them. If you direct an object or a comment at someone, you direct it towards them.

- He looked at Michael and laughed.

- The crowds became violent and threw petrol bombs at the police.

- A couple of people started shouting abuse at them as they walked past a pub.

PREP

10. at
You can use at after verbs such as smile or wave and before nouns referring to people to indicate that you have put on an expression or made a gesture which someone is meant to see or understand.

- She opened the door and stood there, frowning at me.

- We waved at the staff to try to get the bill.

PREP: v PREP n

11. at
If you point or gesture at something, you move your arm or head in its direction so that it will be noticed by someone you are with.

- He pointed at the empty bottle and the waitress quickly replaced it.

- He gestured at the shelves. `I've bought many books from him.'

PREP: v PREP n

12. at
If you are working at something, you are dealing with it. If you are aiming at something, you are trying to achieve it.

- She has worked hard at her marriage.

- ...a $1.04m grant aimed at improving student performance on placement examinations.

PREP

13. at
If something is done at someone's invitation or request, it is done as a result of it.

- She left the light on in the bathroom at his request.

- I visited Japan in 1987 at the invitation of the Foreign Minister.

PREP: PREP n with poss

14. at
You use at to say that someone or something is in a particular state or condition.

- I am afraid we are not at liberty to disclose that information.

- Their countries had been at war for nearly six weeks.

PREP: v-link PREP n

15. at
You use at before a possessive pronoun and a superlative adjective to say that someone or something has more of a particular quality than at any other time.

- He was at his happiest whilst playing cricket.

- Howards End is old fashioned film-making at its best.

PREP: PREP poss adj-superl

16. at
You use at to say how something is being done.

- Three people were killed by shots fired at random from a minibus.

- Mr Martin was taken out of his car at gunpoint.

PREP

17. at
You use at to show that someone is doing something repeatedly.

- She lowered the handkerchief which she had kept dabbing at her eyes.

- Miss Melville took a cookie and nibbled at it.

PREP: v PREP n

18. at
You use at to indicate an activity or task when saying how well someone does it.

- I'm good at my work.

- Robin is an expert at cheesemaking.

- She excels at sport.

PREP: adj PREP n, n PREP n, v PREP n

19. at
You use at to indicate what someone is reacting to.

- Eleanor was annoyed at having had to wait so long for him.

- The British team did not disguise their delight at their success.

- Six months ago she would have laughed at the idea.

PREP: adj PREP n, n PREP n, v PREP n
at all : see all .

atavistic

[ˌætəˈvistik]

adj.

隔代遗传的,返祖性的

atavistic

atavistic
Atavistic feelings or behaviour seem to be very primitive, like the feelings or behaviour of our earliest ancestors. (FORMAL)

- ...an atavistic fear of thunder and lightning.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= primordial

ate

[D.J.:ˈɑ:ti]

[K.K.:et]

abbr.

Automatic Test Equipment 自动试验设备

eat

[D.J.:i:t]

[K.K.:it]

vt. & vi.

吃, 喝; 吃饭

eaten

[D.J.:ˈi:tn]

[K.K.:ˈitn]

eat的过去分词

eating

[D.J.:ˈi:tiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈitɪŋ]

n. adj.

吃,食物;食用的,可生食的

eats

[D.J.:i:ts]

[K.K.:its]

n.

食物(不包括酒类);饭食

ate

Ate is the past tense of eat .

eat ****

1. eat eats eating ate eaten
When you eat something, you put it into your mouth, chew it, and swallow it.

- She was eating a sandwich.

- The bananas should be eaten within two days.

- We took our time and ate slowly.

VB

2. eat eats eating ate eaten
If you eat sensibly or healthily, you eat food that is good for you.

- ...a campaign to persuade people to eat more healthily.

VB

3. eat eats eating ate eaten
If you eat , you have a meal.

- Let's go out to eat.

- We ate lunch together a few times.

VB

4. eat eats eating ate eaten
If something is eating you, it is annoying or worrying you. (INFORMAL)

- `What the hell's eating you?' he demanded.

VB: only cont

5. eat
If you have someone eating out of your hand , they are completely under your control.

- No-one can handle the press as she can and she usually has them eating out of her hand by the time they leave.

PHR: V and N inflect

6. eat
People use eat your heart out with the name of a person when they are doing something that they think the person named might be jealous of.

- A limousine was sent to pick me up and deliver me to the set. Eat your heart out, Tom Selleck!.

- I want everyone back in Cleveland to be eating their crummy little hearts out.

PHR: V and N inflect

7. eat
If you eat someone out of house and home , you eat a lot of their food, especially when you are living with them. (INFORMAL)

- Is Karen still eating you out of house and home?

PHR: V inflects

eaten

eaten
Eaten is the past participle of eat .

eat

verb

1.

consume

chew

devour

gobble

ingest

munch

scoff slang

swallow

2.

have a meal

dine

feed

take nourishment

3.

destroy

corrode

decay

dissolve

erode

rot

waste away

wear away

atelier

[D.J.:ˈætəliei]

[K.K.:ˌætlˈje]

n.

工作室,画室

atelier

atelier ateliers
An atelier is an artist's studio or workshop.
N-COUNT

atheism

[D.J.:ˈeɪθi:ˌɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈeθiˌɪzəm]

n.

无神论

atheist

n.

atheistic

adj.

atheist

[D.J.:ˈeɪθi:ɪst]

[K.K.:ˈeθiɪst]

n.

无神论者

atheistic

[D.J.:ˌeiθiˈistik]

[K.K.:ˌeθiˈɪstɪk]

adj.

无神论的,无神论者的

atheism

atheism
Atheism is the belief that there is no God. Compare agnosticism .
N-UNCOUNT

atheism

noun Old-fashioned

nonbelief

disbelief

godlessness

heathenism

infidelity

irreligion

paganism

scepticism

unbelief

atheist *

atheist atheists
An atheist is a person who believes that there is no God. Compare agnostic .
N-COUNT

atheist

noun

nonbeliever

disbeliever

heathen

infidel

pagan

sceptic

unbeliever

atheistic

atheistic
Atheistic means connected with or holding the belief that there is no God.

- ...atheistic values.

- ...atheistic philosophers.

ADJ

athlete

[D.J.:ˈæθli:t]

[K.K.:ˈæθˌlit]

n.

运动员, 体育家

athlete ***

1. athlete athletes
An athlete is a person who does a sport, especially athletics, or track and field events.

- Daley Thompson was a great athlete.

N-COUNT

2. athlete athletes
You can refer to someone who is fit and athletic as an athlete .

- I was no athlete.

N-COUNT

athlete

noun

sportsperson

competitor

contestant

gymnast

player

runner

sportsman

sportswoman

athlete's foot

athlete's foot
Athlete's foot is a fungal infection in which the skin between the toes becomes cracked or peels off.
N-UNCOUNT

athletic

[D.J.:æθˈletɪk]

[K.K.:æθˈlɛtɪk]

adj.

运动员的;运动的

体格健壮的;行动敏捷的;活跃的

athletically

adv.

竞赛地,运动比赛地,具运动员风范地

athletic **

1. athletic
Athletic means relating to athletes and athletics.

- They have been given college scholarships purely on athletic ability.

- Most athletic activities are about individual effort.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. athletically

- ...she's academically able and athletically outstanding.

ADV: usu ADV adj

3. athletic
An athletic person is fit, and able to perform energetic movements easily.

- Xandra is an athletic 36-year-old with a 21-year-old's body.

- He was tall, with an athletic build.

ADJ-GRADED

4. athletically

- He jumped athletically out of the car.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

athletic

adjective

fit

active

energetic

muscular

powerful

strapping

strong

sturdy

athleticism

[æθˈletisizəm]

n.

运动竞赛,崇尚运动,竞技热

athleticism

athleticism
Athleticism is someone's fitness and ability to perform well at sports or other physical activities.

- Her athleticism drew the admiration of the crowd.

N-UNCOUNT

athletics

[D.J.:æθˈletɪks]

[K.K.:æθˈlɛtɪks]

n.

体育运动；田径运动；竞技

体育(课)

athletics **

1. athletics
Athletics refers to track and field sports such as running, the high jump, and the javelin. (mainly BRIT; in AM use track and field )

- As the modern Olympics grew in stature, so too did athletics.

- ...the International Amateur Athletics Federation.

N-UNCOUNT

2. athletics
Athletics refers to any kind of physical sports, exercise, or games. (AM)

- ...students who play intercollegiate athletics.

N-UNCOUNT

athletics

plural noun

sports

contests

exercises

gymnastics

races

track and field events

-ation

-ation
-ation and -ion are added to some verbs in order to form nouns. Nouns formed in this way often refer to a state or process; for example, starvation is the process of starving, and victimization is the process of being victimized.
SUFFIX

atishoo

[əˈtiʃu:]

int.

阿嚏(打喷嚏的拟声)

atishoo

atishoo
Atishoo is used, especially in writing, to represent the sound that you make when you sneeze.

atlas

[D.J.:ˈætləs]

[K.K.:ˈætləs]

n.

地图集

atlas *

atlas atlases
An atlas is a book of maps.
N-COUNT

ATM

abbr.

Automatic Teller Machine 自动取款(出纳)机

Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式

ATM

abbr.

Automatic Teller Machine 自动取款(出纳)机

Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式

ATM

ATM ATMs
An ATM is a machine built into the wall of a bank or other building, which allows people to take out money from their bank account by using a special card. ATM is an abbreviation for `automated teller machine'. (AM; in BRIT use cash dispenser )
N-COUNT

atmosphere

[D.J.:ˈætməsfiə]

[K.K.:ˈætməˌsfɪr]

n.

大气, 大气层

空气

气氛, 环境

atmosphere ***

1. atmosphere
A planet's atmosphere is the layer of air or other gases around it.

- The shuttle Columbia will re-enter Earth's atmosphere tomorrow morning.

- The Partial Test-Ban Treaty bans nuclear testing in the atmosphere.

N-COUNT, usu sing

2. atmosphere
The atmosphere of a place is the air that you breathe there.

- These gases pollute the atmosphere of towns and cities.

N-COUNT, usu sing

3. atmosphere
The atmosphere of a place is the general impression that you get of it.

- Pale wooden floors and plenty of natural light add to the relaxed atmosphere.

- There's still an atmosphere of great hostility and tension in the city.

N-SING: usu with supp

4. atmosphere
If a place or an event has atmosphere , it is interesting.

- The old harbour is still full of atmosphere and well worth visiting.

N-UNCOUNT
= ambience

atmosphere

noun

1.

air

aerosphere

heavens

sky

2.

feeling

ambience

character

climate

environment

mood

spirit

surroundings

tone

atmospheric

[D.J.:ˌætməˈsferɪk, -ˈsfɪə-]

[K.K.:ˌætməˈsfɛrɪk, -ˈsfɪr-]

adj.

大气的；大气层的；大气引起的

制造气氛的

atmospheric *

1. atmospheric
Atmospheric is used to describe something which relates to the earth's atmosphere.

- ...atmospheric gases.

- ...atmospheric pressure.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. atmospheric
If you describe a place or a piece of music as atmospheric , you like it because it has a particular quality which is interesting or exciting and makes you feel a particular emotion.

- ...beautiful, atmospheric music...

- One of the most atmospheric corners of Prague is the old Jewish ghetto.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

atmospherics

[D.J.:ˌætməsˈferiks]

[K.K.:ˌætməˈsfɛrɪks, -ˈsfɪr-]

n.

天电

天电干扰

atmospherics

atmospherics
Atmospherics are elements in something such as a piece of music or a book which create a certain atmosphere.

- ...Dickensian atmospherics.

N-PLURAL

atoll

[D.J.:ˈætɔl]

[K.K.:ˈætˌɔl, -ˌɑl, ˈeˌtɔl, ˈeˌtɑl]

n.

环状珊瑚岛

atoll

atoll atolls
An atoll is a ring of coral rock, or a group of coral islands surrounding a lagoon.
N-COUNT

atom

[D.J.:ˈætəm]

[K.K.:ˈætəm]

n.

原子

原子能

微粒, 微量

atom **

atom atoms
An atom is the smallest amount of a substance that can take part in a chemical reaction.

- A methane molecule is composed of one carbon atom attached to four hydrogens.

N-COUNT

atom

noun

particle

bit

dot

molecule

speck

spot

trace

atomic

[D.J.:əˈtɔmik]

[K.K.:əˈtɑmɪk]

adj.

(关于)原子的

atomic **

1. atomic
Atomic means relating to power that is produced from the energy released by splitting atoms.

- ...atomic energy.

- ...atomic weapons.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= nuclear

2. atomic
Atomic means relating to the atoms of substances.
ADJ: ADJ n

atomic bomb

atomic bomb atomic bombs
An atomic bomb or an atom bomb is a bomb that causes an explosion by a sudden release of energy that results from splitting atoms.
N-COUNT The form atom bomb is also used, mainly in British English.

atonal

[D.J.:eɪˈtəʊnəl]

[K.K.:eˈtonəl]

adj.

<音> 无调性的

atonality

n.

atonality

[D.J.:ˌætəuˈnæliti]

[K.K.:ˌetoˈnælɪti]

n.

无调性

atonal

atonal
Atonal music is music that is not written or played in any key or system of scales.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

atone

[D.J.:əˈtəʊn]

[K.K.:əˈton]

vt.

补偿；赎(罪)

vi.

补偿,弥补;赎回

atone

atone atones atoning atoned
If you atone for something that you have done, you do something to show that you are sorry you did it. (FORMAL)

- He felt he had atoned for what he had done to his son.

- He atoned by apologizing.

- I'll never live long enough to atone.

VB
= repent

atone

verb

usually with for

make amends

compensate

do penance

make redress

make reparation

make up for

pay for

recompense

redress

atonement

[D.J.:əˈtəʊnmənt]

[K.K.:əˈtonmənt]

n.

弥补,补偿；赎罪

(神与人的)调和,合而为一

(常大写)(耶稣的苦难和死促成的)上帝与人的和好

atonement

atonement
If you do something as an atonement for doing something wrong, you do it to show that you are sorry. (FORMAL)

- He's living in a monastery in a gesture of atonement for human rights abuses committed under his leadership.

- True guilt is characterized by a readiness to make atonement for having done wrong.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n
= repentance

atonement

noun

amends

compensation

penance

recompense

redress

reparation

restitution

atop

[D.J.:əˈtɔp]

[K.K.:əˈtɑp]

adv. &prep.

在(…)顶上

atop *

atop
If something is atop something else, it is on top of it. (AM; also BRIT, LITERARY)

- Under the newspaper, atop a sheet of paper, lay an envelope.

PREP
= on top of

A to Z

1. A to Z A to Zs
An A to Z is a book of maps showing all the streets and roads in a particular city and its surrounding towns. (BRIT, TRADEMARK)
N-COUNT

2. A to Z
An A to Z of a particular subject is a book or programme which gives information on all aspects of it, arranging it in alphabetical order.

- An A to Z of careers gives helpful information about courses.

N-SING: usu N of n

atrium

[D.J.:ˈeitriəm]

[K.K.:ˈetriəm]

n.

心房

atrium

atrium atriums
An atrium is a part of a building such as a hotel or shopping centre, which extends up through several floors of the building and often has a glass roof.
N-COUNT

atrocious

[D.J.:əˈtrəʊʃəs]

[K.K.:əˈtroʃəs]

adj.

恶毒的;残忍的；残暴的

令人震惊的;骇人听闻的

<口>非常恶劣的,糟透的

atrociously

残酷地,万恶不赦地

atrocious *

1. atrocious
If you describe something as atrocious , you are emphasizing that its quality is very bad.

- I remain to this day fluent in Hebrew, while my Arabic is atrocious.

- The food here is atrocious.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= appalling abominable

2. atrociously

- He had written the note from memory, word perfect, and spelled atrociously.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed, ADV after v

3. atrocious
If you describe someone's behaviour or their actions as atrocious , you mean that it is unacceptable because it is extremely violent or cruel.

- The judge said he had committed atrocious crimes against women.

- The treatment of the prisoners by their captors is atrocious and breaks all international laws.

ADJ-GRADED

4. atrocious
If you say that weather conditions are atrocious , you mean they are very bad, for example that it is extremely cold, wet, or windy.

- ...closed roads and atrocious weather: snow in the mountains, torrential rain elsewhere.

ADJ
= appalling

atrocious

adjective

1.

cruel

barbaric

brutal

fiendish

infernal

monstrous

savage

vicious

wicked

2.

shocking

appalling

detestable

grievous

horrible

horrifying

terrible

atrocity

[D.J.:əˈtrɔsiti]

[K.K.:əˈtrɑsɪti]

n.

邪恶, 暴行

atrocity **

atrocity atrocities
An atrocity is a very cruel, shocking action.

- The killing was cold-blooded, and those who committed this atrocity should be tried and punished.

N-VAR

atrocity

noun Informal

1.

cruelty

barbarity

brutality

fiendishness

horror

savagery

viciousness

wickedness

2.

act of cruelty

abomination

crime

evil

horror

outrage

atrophied

[əˈtrɔfid]

adj.

萎缩的,衰退的

atrophy

[D.J.:ˈætrəfi:]

[K.K.:ˈætrəfi]

n.

萎缩,衰退

vt. & vi.

(使)萎缩;(使)虚脱；(使)衰退

atrophy

1. atrophy atrophies atrophying atrophied
If a muscle or other part of the body atrophies , it decreases in size or strength, often as a result of an illness. (FORMAL)

- Scott's muscle atrophied, his leg became stunted, and he was left lame.

- Patients exercised their atrophied limbs in the swimming pool.

VB
= wither shrivel

2. atrophy
Also a noun.

- ...exercises to avoid jelling and atrophy of cartilage.

N-UNCOUNT

3. atrophy atrophies atrophying atrophied
If something atrophies , its size, degree, or effectiveness decreases because it is not used or protected. (FORMAL)

- If you allow your mind to stagnate, this particular talent will atrophy.

- Many hoped he would renew the country's atrophied political system.

VB
= degenerate

4. atrophy
Also a noun.

- ...levels of consciousness which are nowadays usurped by television and in danger of atrophy.

N-UNCOUNT

attach

[D.J.:əˈtætʃ]

[K.K.:əˈtætʃ]

vt. & vi.

贴上; 系; 附上

attached

[D.J.:əˈtætʃt]

[K.K.:əˈtætʃt]

adj.

爱慕的,关心的

已婚的；有对象的

归属的;附属的

(with) no strings attached

不带附加条件；无任何限制

attach ***

1. attach attaches attaching attached
If you attach something to an object, you join it or fasten it to the object.

- We attach labels to things before we file them away.

- The gadget can be attached to any vertical surface.

- The astronauts will attach a motor that will boost the satellite into its proper orbit.

- For further information, please contact us on the attached form.

VB

2. attach attaches attaching attached
If someone attaches himself or herself to you, they join you and stay with you, often without being invited to do so.

- Natasha attached herself to the film crew filming at her orphanage.

VB

3. attach attaches attaching attached
If people attach a quality to someone or something, or if it attaches to them, people consider that they have that quality.

- The Chinese authorities have attached much significance to Mr Maude's visit.

- ...the magic that still attaches to the word `spy'.

- ...the stigma attached to mental illness.

V-ERG

4. attach attaches attaching attached
If you attach conditions to something such as an agreement, you state that specific things must be done before the agreement is valid.

- The administration failed to attach some conditions.

- Magistrates will be able to attach conditions when juveniles are remanded.

VB

5. attach attaches attaching attached
In computing, if you attach a file to a message that you send to someone, you send it with the message but separate from it.

- It is possible to attach executable program files to e-mail.

VB

attached **

1. attached
If you are attached to someone or something, you like them very much.

- She is very attached to her family and friends.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n

2. attached
If someone is attached to an organization or group of people, they are working with them, often only for a short time.

- Ford was attached to the battalion's first line of transport.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n

3. attached
If one organization or institution is attached to a larger organization, it is part of that organization and is controlled and run by it.

- At one time the schools were mainly attached to the church.

- ...a think-tank, attached to the Academy of Sciences.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n
= linked with

attach

verb

1.

connect

add

couple

fasten

fix

join

link

secure

stick

tie

2.

put

ascribe

assign

associate

attribute

connect

attached

adjective

1.

spoken for

accompanied

engaged

married

partnered

attached to

2.

fond of

affectionate towards

devoted to

full of regard for

attach´e

attach´e attach´es
An attach´e is a member of staff in an embassy, usually with a special responsibility for something.

- He was working as a cultural attach´e in Warsaw.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

attach´e case

attach´e case attach´e cases
An attach´e case is a flat case for holding documents.
N-COUNT

attachment

[D.J.:əˈtætʃmənt]

[K.K.:əˈtætʃmənt]

n.

附着, 附属

附属物, 附件

连接;安装;附着

连接物

情感,爱慕;忠诚

<律>扣押;扣押令

attachment *

1. attachment attachments
If you have an attachment to someone or something, you are fond of them or loyal to them.

- As a teenager she formed a strong attachment to one of her teachers.

- Mother and child form a close attachment.

- ...a feeling of attachment to the land where their ancestors have lived.

N-VAR: oft N to n

2. attachment attachments
An attachment is a device that can be fixed onto a machine in order to enable it to do different jobs.

- Some models come with attachments for dusting.

N-COUNT

3. attachment attachments
If someone is on attachment to another company, department, or place, they are working there temporarily. (mainly BRIT)

- During her course she worked on attachment for six months at Kew Gardens.

- Before coming on my attachment to a City law firm, I spent a year at Strasbourg University.

N-VAR: usu on N

4. attachment attachments
An attachment is an extra document that is added to another document.

- Justice Fitzgerald included a 120-page discussion paper as an attachment to the annual report.

N-COUNT

5. attachment attachments
In computing, an attachment is a file which is attached separately to a message that you send to someone.

- When you send an e-mail you can also send a file as an attachment and that file can be a graphic, a program, a sound or whatever.

N-COUNT

attachment

noun

1.

fondness

affection

affinity

attraction

liking

regard

2.

accessory

accoutrement

extension

extra

fitting

fixture

supplement

attack

[D.J.:əˈtæk]

[K.K.:əˈtæk]

vt. & vi.

攻击, 进攻; 抨击

n.

攻击, 袭击

抨击, 辱骂

(疾病)侵袭, 发作

attack *****

1. attack attacks attacking attacked
To attack a person or place means to try to hurt or damage them using physical violence.

- Fifty civilians in Masawa were killed when government planes attacked the town.

- He bundled the old lady into her hallway and brutally attacked her.

- While Haig and Foch argued, the Germans attacked.

- The infantry would use hit and run tactics to slow attacking forces.

VB

2. attack attacks
Also a noun.

- ...a campaign of air attacks on strategic targets...

- Refugees had come under attack from federal troops.

N-VAR: usu with supp

3. attack attacks attacking attacked
If you attack a person, belief, idea, or act, you criticize them strongly.

- He publicly attacked the people who've been calling for secret ballot nominations.

- A newspaper ran an editorial attacking him for being a showman.

VB

4. attack attacks
Also a noun.

- The role of the state as a prime mover in planning social change has been under attack.

- The committee yesterday launched a scathing attack on British business for failing to invest.

N-VAR: usu with supp

5. attack attacks attacking attacked
If something such as a disease, a chemical, or an insect attacks something, it harms or spoils it.

- The virus seems to have attacked his throat.

- Several key crops failed when they were attacked by pests.

VB

6. attack
Also a noun.

- The virus can actually destroy those white blood cells, leaving the body wide open to attack from other infections.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

7. attack attacks attacking attacked
If you attack a job or a problem, you start to deal with it in an energetic way.

- Any attempt to attack the budget problem is going to have to in some way deal with those issues.

VB

8. attack attacks attacking attacked
In games such as soccer, when one team attacks the opponent's goal, they try to score a goal.

- Now the US is controlling the ball and attacking the opponent's goal.

- The goal was just reward for Villa's decision to attack constantly in the second half.

VB

9. attack attacks
Also a noun.

- Lee was at the hub of some incisive attacks in the second half.

N-COUNT

10. attacking

- Manchester City will play a more attacking style of football.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

11. attack attacks
An attack of an illness is a short period in which you suffer badly from it.

- It had brought on an attack of asthma.

N-COUNT: with supp

attack

verb

1.

assault

invade

lay into informal

raid

set upon

storm

strike (at)

2.

criticize

abuse

blame

censure

have a go (at) informal

put down

vilify

noun

3.

assault

campaign

charge

foray

incursion

invasion

offensive

onslaught

raid

strike

4.

criticism

abuse

blame

censure

denigration

stick slang

vilification

5.

bout

convulsion

fit

paroxysm

seizure

spasm

stroke

attacker

[D.J.:əˈtækə]

n.

攻击者,进攻者；抨击者

(球类比赛的)攻击手

attacker **

attacker attackers
You can refer to a person who attacks someone as their attacker .

- There were signs that she struggled with her attacker before she was repeatedly stabbed.

N-COUNT

attacker

noun

assailant

aggressor

assaulter

intruder

invader

raider

attain

[D.J.:əˈtein]

[K.K.:əˈten]

vt. & vi.

实现, 达到, 得到

attain *

1. attain attains attaining attained
If you attain something, you gain it or achieve it, often after a lot of effort. (FORMAL)

- Jim is halfway to attaining his pilot's licence.

VB

2. attain attains attaining attained
If you attain a particular state or condition, you may reach it as a result of natural development or work hard to attain this state.

- ...attaining a state of calmness and confidence.

VB

attain

verb

achieve

accomplish

acquire

complete

fulfil

gain

get

obtain

reach

attainable

[əˈteinəbl]

adj.

可到达的,可得到的

attainable

attainable
Something that is attainable can be achieved.

- It is unrealistic to believe perfection is an attainable goal.

ADJ-GRADED
= achievable

attainment

[D.J.:əˈteɪnmənt]

[K.K.:əˈtenmənt]

n.

获得,达到

造诣,成就

attainments

n.

成就,造诣

attainment *

1. attainment
The attainment of an aim is the achieving of it. (FORMAL)

- ...the attainment of independence.

N-UNCOUNT
= achievement

2. attainment attainments
An attainment is a skill you have learned or something you have achieved. (FORMAL)

- ...their educational attainments.

N-COUNT

attainment

noun

achievement

accomplishment

completion

feat

attempt

[D.J.:əˈtempt]

[K.K.:əˈtɛmpt]

vt.

试图; 尝试

n.

尝试, 试图, 企图

attempt *****

1. attempt attempts attempting attempted
If you attempt to do something, especially something difficult, you try to do it.

- The only time that we attempted to do something like that was in the city of Philadelphia.

- Before I could attempt a reply he added over his shoulder: `Wait there.'

VB

2. attempt attempts
If you make an attempt to do something, you try to do it, often without success.

- ...a deliberate attempt to destabilise the defence...

- It was one of his rare attempts at humour.

- ...their involvement in a coup attempt in September.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N to-inf

3. attempt attempts
An attempt on someone's life is an attempt to kill them.

- ...an attempt on the life of the former Iranian Prime Minister.

N-COUNT: N on n

4. attempt attempts
In British English, if a sportsman or sportswoman makes an attempt on a sporting record, they try to beat it. In American English you say that they make an attempt to break it.

- Everything is almost ready for me to make another attempt on the record.

N-COUNT

attempted **

attempted
An attempted crime or unlawful action is an unsuccessful effort to commit the crime or action.

- ...a case of attempted murder...

- The attempted coup took place in January.

ADJ: ADJ n

attempt

verb

1.

try

endeavour

seek

strive

undertake

venture

noun

2.

try

bid

crack informal

effort

go informal

shot informal

stab informal

trial

attend

[D.J.:əˈtend]

[K.K.:əˈtɛnd]

vt. & vi.

参加

注意; 听

vt.

照顾, 照料

attended

从事

attending

[D.J.:əˈtendiŋ]

[K.K.:əˈtɛndɪŋ]

adj.

(医生)主治的

attend ****

1. attend attends attending attended
If you attend a meeting or other event, you are present at it.

- Thousands of people attended the funeral.

- The meeting will be attended by finance ministers from many countries.

- We want the maximum number of people to attend to help us cover our costs.

VB

2. attend attends attending attended
If you attend an institution such as a school, college, or church, you go there regularly.

- They attended college together at the University of Pennsylvania.

VB

3. attend attends attending attended
If you attend to something, you deal with it. If you attend to someone who is hurt or injured, you care for them.

- The staff will helpfully attend to your needs.

- There are more pressing matters to be attended to today.

- The main thing is to attend to the injured.

VB

attend

verb

1.

be present

appear

frequent

go to

haunt

put in an appearance

show oneself

turn up

visit

2.

look after

care for

mind

minister to

nurse

take care of

tend

3.

pay attention

hear

heed

listen

mark

note

observe

pay heed

attend to

4.

apply oneself to

concentrate on

devote oneself to

get to work on

look after

occupy oneself with

see to

take care of

attendance

[D.J.:əˈtendəns]

[K.K.:əˈtɛndəns]

n.

出席, 参加, 出席次数

出席人数

attendance **

1. attendance
Someone's attendance at an event or an institution is the fact that they are present at the event or go regularly to the institution.

- Her attendance at school was sporadic.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. attendance attendances
The attendance at an event is the number of people who are present at it.

- Average weekly cinema attendance in February was 2.41 million.

- This year attendances were 28% lower than forecast.

- Some estimates put the attendance at 60,000.

N-VAR: usu with supp

3. attendance
If someone is in attendance at a place or an event, they are there.

- Councillor Paul Tisley will be in attendance at the start of the meeting to welcome us.

- Police with riot gear and several fire engines are in attendance.

PHR

4. attendance
If someone is in attendance on an important person, they are accompanying that person as a servant or assistant. (FORMAL)

- He lived in considerable style, travelling widely, usually with a cook, valet, butler and chauffeur in attendance.

PHR

attendance

noun

1.

presence

appearance

attending

being there

2.

turnout

audience

crowd

gate

house

number present

attendant

[D.J.:əˈtendənt]

[K.K.:əˈtɛndənt]

n.

服务人员, 侍者, 随从

伴随物

adj.

伴随的, 随之而产生的

护理的

attendant **

1. attendant attendants
An attendant is someone whose job is to serve or help people in a place such as a petrol station, a car park, or a cloakroom.

- Tony Williams was working as a car-park attendant in Los Angeles.

N-COUNT: usu n N
= assistant

2. attendant
You use attendant to describe something that results from a thing already mentioned or that is connected with it.

- Mr Branson's victory, and all the attendant publicity, were well deserved.

- ...the risks attendant on the exploration of the unknown.

ADJ: ADJ n, v-link ADJ on/upon n
= resulting

attendant

noun

1.

assistant

aide

companion

escort

follower

guard

helper

servant

adjective

2.

accompanying

accessory

associated

concomitant

consequent

related

attendee

[D.J.:ˌætenˈdi:]

[K.K.:əˌtɛnˈdi, ˌætɛn-]

n.

(会议等的)出席者

attendee

attendee attendees
The attendees at something such as a conference are the people who are attending it. (mainly AM)

- Only one-half of the attendees could fit into the large hall at any one time.

N-COUNT

attender

attender attenders
The attenders at a particular place or event are the people who go there.

- He was a regular attender at the opera.

N-COUNT: usu adj N, oft N at/in/of n

attention

[D.J.:əˈtenʃən]

[K.K.:əˈtɛnʃən]

n.

注意, 专心, 留心

殷勤, 厚待

attention ****

1. attention
If you give someone or something your attention , you look at it, listen to it, or think about it carefully.

- You have my undivided attention.

- Later he turned his attention to the desperate state of housing in the province.

- ...young children with short attention spans.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, usu with poss

2. attention
Attention is great interest that is shown in someone or something, particularly by the general public.

- Volume Two, sub-titled `The Lawyers', will also attract considerable attention.

- The conference may help to focus attention on the economy.

N-UNCOUNT

3. attention
If someone or something is getting attention , they are being dealt with or cared for.

- Each year more than two million household injuries need medical attention.

- ...a demanding baby who seems to want attention 24 hours a day.

N-UNCOUNT

4. attention attentions
You can refer to someone's efforts to help you, or the interest they show in you, as their attentions , especially if you dislike or disapprove of them.

- The only way to escape the unwanted attentions of the local men was not to go out.

- The meeting was held away from the attentions of the media.

- Some men are flattered by the attentions of a young woman.

N-PLURAL: usu the N of n

5. attention
If you bring something to someone's attention or draw their attention to it, you tell them about it or make them notice it.

- If we don't keep bringing this to the attention of the people, nothing will be done.

- We conclude by drawing attention to the issues around which the debate should focus.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

6. attention
If someone or something attracts your attention or catches your attention , you suddenly notice them.

- A faint aroma of coffee attracted his attention.

- He sat at one of the round tables and tried to attract her attention.

PHR: V inflects

7. attention
If you pay attention to someone, you watch them, listen to them, or take notice of them. If you pay no attention to someone, you behave as if you are not aware of them or as if they are not important.

- More than ever before, the food industry is paying attention to young consumers.

- Other people walk along the beach at night, so I didn't pay any attention at first.

- I was living just for myself and paying little attention to God.

PHR: V inflects

8. attention
When people stand to attention or stand at attention , they stand straight with their feet together and their arms at their sides.

- Soldiers in full combat gear stood at attention.

- The waiters stood to attention with napkins folded over their arms.

PHR: V inflects

attention

noun

1.

concentration

deliberation

heed

intentness

mind

scrutiny

thinking

thought

2.

notice

awareness

consciousness

consideration

observation

recognition

regard

3.

care

concern

looking after

ministration

treatment

attention deficit disorder

attention deficit disorder attention deficit disorders
Attention deficit disorder is a condition where people, especially children, are unable to concentrate on anything for very long and so find it difficult to learn and often behave in a way which other people think is inappropriate. The abbreviation ADD is often used.
N-VAR

attentive

[D.J.:əˈtentɪv]

[K.K.:əˈtɛntɪv]

adj.

对某人〔物〕 注意的;留心的;警惕的

殷勤的;体贴的

彬彬有礼的

attentively

[D.J.:əˈtentɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:əˈt ɛntɪvlɪ]

adv.

聚精会神地

周到地

attentive *

1. attentive
If you are attentive , you are paying close attention what is being said or done.

- The vast majority of the attentive audience applauded these sentiments.

- He wishes the government would be more attentive to detail in their response.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ inattentive

2. attentively

- He questioned Chrissie, and listened attentively to what she told him.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v

3. attentive
Someone who is attentive is helpful and polite.

- At society parties he is attentive to his wife.

- The staff is well trained in courteous and attentive service to each and every guest.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

4. attentiveness

- Anne was both flattered and surprised by Danny's attentiveness to her.

N-UNCOUNT

attentive

adjective

1.

intent

alert

awake

careful

concentrating

heedful

mindful

observant

studious

watchful

2.

considerate

courteous

helpful

kind

obliging

polite

respectful

thoughtful

attenuate

[D.J.:əˈtenju:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:əˈtɛnjuˌet]

vt. & vi.

(使)变细；(使)变薄；(使)变小

减弱,贬值

adj.

稀薄的

细小的

减弱的;减少的

attenuation

n.

attenuation

[əˌtenjuˈeiʃən]

n.

变薄,稀薄化,变细,衰减

attenuate

attenuate attenuates attenuating attenuated
To attenuate something means to reduce it or weaken it. (FORMAL)

- You could never eliminate risk, but preparation and training could attenuate it.

- Theirs had been an increasingly attenuated relationship.

VB

attenuated

attenuated
An attenuated object is unusually long and thin. (FORMAL)

- ...round arches and attenuated columns.

ADJ-GRADED

attest

[D.J.:əˈtest]

[K.K.:əˈtɛst]

vt.

证明；证实

声称…属实, 作为…的见证

使宣誓

attest to

证实,证明了

attested

adj.

经检验证明无病的;经检验证明无菌的

attest *

attest attests attesting attested
To attest something or attest to something means to say, show, or prove that it is true. (FORMAL)

- Police records attest to his long history of violence.

- I can personally attest that the cold and flu season is here.

- His beautifully illustrated book well attested his love of the university.

VB

attic

[D.J.:ˈætik]

[K.K.:ˈætɪk]

n.

阁楼

attic *

attic attics
An attic is a room at the top of a house just below the roof.
N-COUNT

attic

noun

loft

garret

attire

[D.J.:əˈtaɪə]

[K.K.:əˈtaɪr]

n.

服装，衣服

vt.

使穿上衣服；使穿上盛装

attire

attire
Your attire is the clothes you are wearing. (FORMAL)

- ...seven women dressed in their finest attire.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N, with poss

attire

noun

clothes

apparel

costume

dress

garb

garments

outfit

robes

wear

attired

[əˈtaiəd]

adj.

穿着整齐的

attired

attired
If you describe how someone is attired , you are describing how they are dressed. (FORMAL)

- He was faultlessly attired in black coat and striped trousers.

ADJ: v-link ADJ in n, adv ADJ

attitude

[D.J.:ˈætitju:d]

[K.K.:ˈætɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

态度, 看法

姿态, 姿势

attitude ****

1. attitude attitudes
Your attitude to something is the way that you think and feel about it, especially when this shows in the way you behave.

- ...the general change in attitude towards handicapped people...

- Being unemployed produces negative attitudes to work.

- His attitude made me angry.

- I don't think it's fair to accuse me of having an attitude problem.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N to/towards n

2. attitude
If you refer to someone as a person with attitude , you mean that they have a striking and individual style of behaviour, especially a forceful or aggressive one. (JOURNALISM)

- Patti Smith and Janis Joplin did it all years ago and they were women with attitude and talent.

N-UNCOUNT

3. attitude
Your attitude of mind is your general way of thinking and feeling.

- Writing calls for a critical attitude of mind that he did not possess.

PHR

attitude

noun

1.

disposition

approach

frame of mind

mood

opinion

outlook

perspective

point of view

position

stance

2.

position

pose

posture

stance

attitudinal

[ˌætiˈtju:dinəl]

adj.

态度的,根据(或表示)个人态度的

attitudinal

attitudinal
Attitudinal means related to people's attitudes and the way they look at their life. (FORMAL)

- Does such an attitudinal change reflect real experiences in daily life?

ADJ: usu ADJ n

attorney

[D.J.:əˈtə:ni]

[K.K.:əˈtɚni]

n.

代理人, 律师

attorney ***

attorney attorneys
In the United States, an attorney or attorney at law is a lawyer.

- ...a prosecuting attorney.

N-COUNT
See also District Attorney .

Attorney General *

Attorney General Attorneys General
A country's Attorney General is its chief law officer, who advises its government or ruler.
N-COUNT

attract

[D.J.:əˈtrækt]

[K.K.:əˈtrækt]

vt.

吸引, 引起…的注意

vi.

具有吸引力

attracting

吸合

attract ****

1. attract attracts attracting attracted
If something attracts people or animals, it has features that cause them to come to it.

- The Cardiff Bay project is attracting many visitors.

- Warm weather has attracted the flat fish close to shore.

- Summer attracts visitors to the countryside.

VB

2. attract attracts attracting attracted
If someone or something attracts you, they have particular qualities which cause you to like or admire them. If a particular quality attracts you to a person or thing, it is the reason why you like them.

- He wasn't sure he'd got it right, although the theory attracted him by its logic.

- What first attracted me to her was her incredible experience of life.

- More people would be attracted to cycling if conditions were right.

VB

3. attract attracts attracting attracted
If you are attracted to someone, you are interested in them sexually.

- In spite of her hostility, she was attracted to him.

- I was married to a man who had ceased to attract me.

VB

4. attracted

- He was nice looking, but I wasn't deeply attracted to him.

- Men swarmed around her, attracted by her beautiful blonde looks.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to n

5. attract attracts attracting attracted
If something attracts support, publicity, or money, it receives support, publicity, or money.

- President Mwinyi said his country would also like to attract investment from private companies.

- Opinion polls suggest that the two rebels have attracted a lot of sympathy.

VB

6. attract attracts attracting attracted
If one object attracts another object, it causes the second object to move towards it.

- Anything with strong gravity attracts other things to it.

VB

attract

verb

appeal to

allure

charm

draw

enchant

entice

lure

pull informal

tempt

attraction

[D.J.:əˈtrækʃən]

[K.K.:əˈtrækʃən]

n.

吸引, 吸引力, 诱惑力

具有吸引力的事物

attraction **

1. attraction
Attraction is a feeling of liking someone, and often of being sexually interested in them.

- Our level of attraction to the opposite sex has more to do with our inner confidence than how we look.

- It was never a physical attraction, just a meeting of minds.

N-UNCOUNT

2. attraction attractions
An attraction is a feature which makes something interesting or desirable.

- ...the attractions of living on the waterfront.

N-COUNT

3. attraction attractions
An attraction is something that people can go to for interest or enjoyment, for example a famous building.

- The walled city is an important tourist attraction.

N-COUNT

attraction

noun

appeal

allure

charm

enticement

fascination

lure

magnetism

pull informal

temptation

attractive

[D.J.:əˈtræktiv]

[K.K.:əˈtræktɪv]

adj.

吸引的, 有吸引力的, 诱人的, 引起注意的

attractively

adv.

动人地,迷人地

attractiveness

吸引力

attractive ***

1. attractive
A person who is attractive is pleasant to look at.

- She's a very attractive woman.

- I thought he was very attractive and obviously very intelligent.

- He was always immensely attractive to women.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unattractive

2. attractiveness

- Most of us would maintain that physical attractiveness does not play a major part in how we react to the people we meet.

N-UNCOUNT

3. attractive
Something that is attractive has a pleasant appearance or sound.

- The flat was small but attractive, if rather shabby.

- The creamy white flowers are attractive in the spring.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unattractive

4. attractively

- It's an attractively illustrated, detailed guide that's very practical.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV -ed/adj

5. attractiveness

- The forest will enhance the attractiveness of the region.

N-UNCOUNT

6. attractive
You can describe something as attractive when it seems worth having or doing.

- Co-operation was more than just an attractive option, it was an obligation.

- Smoking is still attractive to many young people who see it as glamorous.

ADJ-GRADED
= appealing ≠ unattractive

7. attractively

- The services are attractively priced and are tailored to suit individual requirements.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed/adj

8. attractiveness

- The attractiveness of the schemes depends almost entirely on tax relief.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

attractive

adjective

appealing

alluring

charming

fair

fetching

good-looking

handsome

inviting

lovely

pleasant

pretty

tempting

attributable

[əˈtribjutəbl]

adj.

可归于…的

attributable *

attributable
If something is attributable to an event, situation, or person, it is likely that it was caused by that event, situation or person.

- 10,000 deaths a year from chronic lung disease are attributable to smoking.

- The mess was directly attributable to a corrupt and incompetent official.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n

attribute

[D.J.:əˈtribju:t]

[K.K.:əˈtrɪbjut]

vt.

认为…是; 归因于…

认为某作品出自某人之手

认为某事[物]属于某人[物]

[ˈætribju:t]

n.

属性, 特性

attribution

[D.J.:ˌætrəˈbju:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌætrəˈbjuʃən]

n.

归属;归因

属性;归属物

attribute **

1. attribute attributes attributing attributed
If you attribute something to an event or situation, you think that it was caused by that event or situation.

- Women tend to attribute their success to external causes such as luck.

VB
= ascribe

2. attribute attributes attributing attributed
If you attribute a particular quality or feature to someone or something, you think that they have got it.

- People were beginning to attribute superhuman qualities to him.

VB
= ascribe

3. attribution

- There's usually a lot of attribution of evil intent to those who have different views.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

4. attribute attributes attributing attributed
If a piece of writing, a work of art, or a remark is attributed to someone, people say that they wrote it, created it, or said it.

- This, and the remaining frescoes, are not attributed to Giotto.

- ...a Madonna and Child attributed to Pietro Lorenzetti.

VB: usu passive

5. attribute attributes
An attribute is a quality or feature that someone or something has.

- Cruelty is a normal attribute of human behaviour.

- He has every attribute you could want and could play for any team.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= characteristic

attribute

verb

1.

ascribe

assign

charge

credit

put down to

refer

set down to

trace to

noun

2.

quality

aspect

character

characteristic

facet

feature

peculiarity

property

trait

attrition

[D.J.:əˈtrɪʃən]

[K.K.:əˈtrɪʃən]

n.

消耗;消磨, 磨损

摩擦

(神学)不彻底的忏悔

attrition *

1. attrition
Attrition is a process in which you steadily reduce the strength of an enemy by continually attacking them. (FORMAL)

- The rebels have declared a cease-fire in their war of attrition against the government.

N-UNCOUNT

2. attrition
At a university or place of work, attrition is the decrease in the number of students or employees caused by people leaving and not being replaced. (mainly AM)

- The company plans to cut a quarter of its workforce over six years through natural attrition and fewer hirings.

N-UNCOUNT
= wastage

attuned

1. attuned
If you are attuned to something, you can understand and appreciate it.

- I have become attuned to Carlisle's industrial past.

- He seemed unusually attuned to people's feelings.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n

2. attuned
If your ears are attuned to a sound, you can hear it and recognize it quickly.

- Their ears were still attuned to the sounds of the London suburb.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n

atypical

[D.J.:eiˈtipikəl]

[K.K.:eˈtɪpɪkəl]

adj.

非典型的

atypical

atypical
Someone or something that is atypical is not typical of its kind.

- The economy of the province was atypical because it was particularly small.

- He was an atypical English schoolboy.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ typical

aubergine

[D.J.:ˌəubəˈʒi:n,əubɛəˈʒi:n]

[K.K.:ˈobɛrˌʒin, ˈobədʒin]

n.

茄子,(茄子般的)紫红色

aubergine *

aubergine aubergines
An aubergine is a vegetable with a smooth, dark purple skin. (BRIT; in AM use eggplant )
N-VAR

auburn

[D.J.:ˈɔ:bən]

[K.K.:ˈɔbən]

n.,adj.

赤褐色(的)

auburn *

auburn
Auburn hair is reddish brown.

- ...a tall woman with long auburn hair.

COLOUR

auction

[D.J.:ˈɔ:kʃən]

[K.K.:ˈɔkʃən]

n.

拍卖, 拍卖方式

vt.

拍卖

auction ***

1. auction auctions
An auction is a public sale where goods are sold to the person who offers the highest price.

- Lord Salisbury bought the picture at auction in London some years ago.

- Britain's two main auction houses, Sotheby's and Christies, have been involved in valuing the works.

N-VAR: oft for/at N, N n

2. auction auctions auctioning auctioned
If something is auctioned , it is sold in an auction.

- Eight drawings by French artist Jean Cocteau will be auctioned next week.

- The airline plans to auction its international routes to former competitors.

- We'll auction them for charity.

VB

auction off ***

auction off auctions off; auctioning off; auctioned off
If you auction off something, you sell it to the person who offers the most money for it, often at an auction.

- Any fool could auction off a factory full of engineering machinery.

- They take drug dealers' boats, cars and houses and auction them off after the crooks are convicted.

PHR-V

auctioneer

[D.J.:ˌɔ:kʃəˈnɪə]

[K.K.:ˌɔkʃəˈnɪr]

n.

拍卖人，拍卖商

vt.

拍卖

auctioneer *

auctioneer auctioneers
An auctioneer is a person in charge of an auction.
N-COUNT

audacious

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈdeɪʃəs]

[K.K.:ɔˈdeʃəs]

adj.

大胆的, 有冒险精神的

有勇无谋的, 冒失的, 厚颜无耻的

audaciously

adv.

大胆地,厚颜无耻地,大胆创新地

audacious *

1. audacious
Someone who is audacious takes risks in order to achieve something.

- ...an audacious plan to win the presidency.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= daring

2. audaciously

- `What did you do?' asked Bethany audaciously.

- They are raking in the profits from each more audaciously violent movie.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj
= daringly

audacious

adjective

1.

daring

bold

brave

courageous

fearless

intrepid

rash

reckless

2.

cheeky

brazen

defiant

impertinent

impudent

insolent

presumptuous

shameless

audacity

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈdæsɪti:]

[K.K.:ɔˈdæsɪti]

n.

大胆,无畏

鲁莽;胆大妄为,厚颜无耻

鲁莽行为;放肆的话

audacity

audacity
Audacity is audacious behaviour.

- I was shocked at the audacity and brazenness of the gangsters.

N-UNCOUNT

audacity

noun

1.

daring

boldness

bravery

courage

fearlessness

nerve

rashness

recklessness

2.

cheek

chutzpah U.S. & Canad. informal

effrontery

impertinence

impudence

insolence

nerve

audible

[D.J.:ˈɔ:dəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈɔdəbəl]

adj.

听得见的

n.

<美><橄>(在对阵争球线上通过暗语进行的)改变打法

audibly

adv.

可听见地

audible *

1. audible
A sound that is audible is loud enough to be heard.

- The Colonel's voice was barely audible.

- There was an audible sigh of relief.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ inaudible

2. audibly

- Hugh sighed audibly.

ADV-GRADED

audible

adjective

clear

detectable

discernible

distinct

hearable

perceptible

audience

[D.J.:ˈɔ:djəns]

[K.K.:ˈɔdiəns]

n.

观众, 听众; 读者

audience ****

1. audience audiences
The audience at a play, concert, film, or public meeting is the group of people watching or listening to it.

- The entire audience broke into loud applause.

- He was speaking to an audience of students at the Institute for International Affairs.

N-COUNT-COLL

2. audience audiences
The audience for a television or radio programme consists of all the people who watch or listen to it.

- The concert will be relayed to a worldwide television audience estimated at one thousand million.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu with supp
See also studio audience .

3. audience audiences
The audience of a writer or artist is the people who read their books or look at their work.

- Say's writings reached a wide audience during his lifetime.

- She began to find a receptive audience for her work.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu sing

4. audience audiences
If you have an audience with someone important, you have a formal meeting with them.

- The Prime Minister will seek an audience with the Queen later this morning.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N with n

audience

noun

1.

spectators

assembly

crowd

gallery

gathering

listeners

onlookers

turnout

viewers

2.

interview

consultation

hearing

meeting

reception

audio

[ˈɔ:djəu]

adj.

听觉的, 声音的

audio **

audio
Audio equipment is used for recording and reproducing sound.

- She uses her vocal training to record audio tapes of books for blind people.

ADJ: ADJ n

audiotape

[D.J.:ˈɔ:di:əʊˌteɪp]

[K.K.:ˈɔdioˌtep]

n.

录音磁带

vt.

录音

audiotape

1. audiotape
Audiotape is magnetic tape which is used to record sound.
N-UNCOUNT

2. audiotape audiotapes
An audiotape is a recording of speech, music, or other sounds on magnetic tape. (AM; in BRIT usually use cassette )
N-COUNT

3. audiotape
If you audiotape speech, music, or other sounds, you record them on magnetic tape. (AM; in BRIT usually use tape )

- We always audiotape these interviews.

- ...an audiotaped recording of family members' discussions.

VERB

audio-visual

[D.J.:ˌɔ:dɪəʊˈvɪʒʊəl]

[K.K.: ˌɔdɪoˈvɪʒʊəl]

adj.

视听的

视听教学的

audio-visual

audio-visual
Audio-visual equipment and materials involve both recorded sound and pictures.

- Visitors are shown an audio-visual presentation before touring the cellars.

ADJ: ADJ n also audiovisual

audit

[D.J.:ˈɔ:dit]

[K.K.:ˈɔdɪt]

vt.

审计, 查账

n.

审计, 查账

auditing

[D.J.:ˈɔ:dɪtɪŋ]

n.

查账, 审计, 审核; 审计学

audit **

1. audit audits auditing audited
When an accountant audits an organization's accounts, he or she examines the accounts officially in order to make sure that they have been done correctly.

- Each year they audit our accounts and certify them as being true and fair.

VB

2. audit audits
Also a noun.

- The bank first learned of the problem when it carried out an internal audit.

N-COUNT

audition

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈdɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɔˈdɪʃən]

n.

(对拟做演员、歌手、乐师等人的)试听, 试音

vi.

试音

vt.

试听

audition *

1. audition auditions
An audition is a short performance given by an actor, dancer, or musician so that a director or conductor can decide if they are good enough to be in a play, film, or orchestra.
N-COUNT: oft N for n

2. audition auditions auditioning auditioned
If you audition or if someone auditions you, you do an audition.

- I was auditioning for the part of a jealous girlfriend.

- They're auditioning for new members of the cast for `Miss Saigon' today.

- I heard your record and I want you to come and audition.

V-ERG

auditor

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ditə]

[K.K.:ˈɔdɪtɚ]

n.

审计员, 稽核员

auditor *

auditor auditors
An auditor is an accountant who officially examines the accounts of organizations.
N-COUNT

auditoria

n.

听众席,观众席,〈美〉会堂,礼堂

auditorium

[D.J.:ˌɔ:diˈtɔ:riəm]

[K.K.:ˌɔdɪˈtɔriəm, -ˈtor-]

n.

观众席, 听众席

礼堂, 会堂

auditoriums

听众席

auditorium *

1. auditorium auditoriums or auditoria
An auditorium is the part of a theatre or concert hall where the audience sits.

- The Albert Hall is a huge auditorium.

N-COUNT

2. auditorium auditoriums or auditoria
An auditorium is a large room, hall, or building which is used for events such as meetings and concerts. (AM)
N-COUNT

auditory

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ditəri]

[K.K.:ˈɔdɪˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

听觉的, 听觉器官的

auditory

auditory
Auditory means related to hearing. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the limits of the human auditory range.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

au fait

au fait
If you are au fait with something, you are familiar with it and know about it.

- I am au fait with fashion.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with n

Aug

n.

八月

Aug.

August八月

Aug. **

Aug.
Aug. is a written abbreviation for August .

augment

[D.J.:ɔ:ɡˈment]

[K.K.:ɔɡˈmɛnt]

vt.

增加, 提高, 扩大

[ˈɔ:ɡmənt]

n.

增加, 提高, 扩大

augmentation

[D.J.:ˌɔ:gmenˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɔɡmɛnˈteʃən]

n.

扩大,增加;增大

增加物

<音>主题延长

augmented

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈɡmentid]

[K.K.:ɔɡˈmɛntɪd]

adj.

增音的,扩张的

augmenting

使扩张

augment *

1. augment augments augmenting augmented
To augment something means to make it larger, stronger, or more effective by adding something to it. (FORMAL)

- While searching for a way to augment the family income, she began making dolls.

VB
= supplement

2. augmentation

- The augmentation of the army began along traditional lines.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

augur

[D.J.:ˈɔ:gə]

[K.K.:ˈɔɡɚ]

vt.

预示；预兆；预言

vi.

成为预兆

占卜

n.

(古罗马的)占兆官

占卜师;预言者

augur

augur augurs auguring augured
If something augurs well or badly for a person or a future situation, it is a sign that things will go well or badly. (FORMAL)

- The renewed violence this week in Azerbaijan hardly augurs well for smooth or peaceful change.

- Already there were problems. It didn't augur well.

VB
= bode

augury

[D.J.:ˈɔ:gjəri:]

[K.K.:ˈɔɡjəri]

n.

(古罗马)占卜术,占卜仪式

预兆

augury

augury auguries
An augury is a sign of what will happen in the future. (LITERARY)

- The auguries of death are fast gathering round his head.

N-COUNT
= omen

august

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈɡʌst]

[K.K.:ɔˈɡʌst]

adj.

令人敬畏的,威严的

august

august
Someone or something that is august is dignified and impressive. (FORMAL)

- Being so near the august person of the Empress, he was overcome with awe.

- The magazine held its party in the august surroundings of the Liberal Club.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= imposing

August

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ɡəst]

[K.K.:ˈɔɡəst]

n.

八月

August *****

August Augusts
August is the eighth month of the year in the Western calendar.

- The world premiere took place in August 1956.

- The trial will resume on August the twenty-second.

- This August has been the wettest for four years.

N-VAR

auk

[D.J.:ɔ:k]

[K.K.:ɔk]

n.

海雀

auk

auk auks
An auk is a seabird with a heavy body and short tail.
N-COUNT

Auld Lang Syne

Auld Lang Syne
Auld Lang Syne is a Scottish song about friendship that is traditionally sung as clocks strike midnight on New Year's Eve.
N-PROPER

aunt

[D.J.:ɑ:nt]

[K.K.:ænt, ɑnt]

n.

姑母, 姨母; 伯母, 婶母, 舅母

阿姨, 大妈, 大娘

aunt ****

aunt
Someone's aunt is the sister of their mother or father, or the wife of their uncle.

- She wrote to her aunt in America.

- It was a present from Aunt Vera.

N-FAMILY; N-TITLE
See also agony aunt .

auntie

[D.J.:ˈænti:, ˈɑ:n-]

[K.K.:ˈænti, ˈɑn-]

n.

(aunt的昵称)伯母;婶母;姑母;姨母;舅母

auntie

auntie
Someone's auntie is their aunt. (INFORMAL)

- His uncle is dead, but his auntie still lives here.

- ...my Auntie Elsie.

N-FAMILY; N-TITLE also aunty

au pair *

au pair au pairs
An au pair is a young person from a foreign country who lives with a family in order to learn the language and who helps to look after the children.
N-COUNT

aura

[D.J.:ˈɔ:rə]

[K.K.:ˈɔrə]

n.

特殊气氛;氛围

气味

灵气

<医>(中风等症的)预兆

光环

aura *

aura auras
An aura is a quality or feeling that seems to surround a person or place or to come from them.

- She had an aura of authority.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= air

aura

noun

air

ambience

atmosphere

feeling

mood

quality

tone

aural

[D.J.:ˈɔ:rəl]

[K.K.:ˈɔrəl]

adj.

耳的, 听觉的, 关于耳或听觉的

气味的;香味的

预感的,先兆的

气氛的

光环的

<电>电风的,辉光的

aural *

aural
Aural means related to the sense of hearing. Compare acoustic .

- He became famous as an inventor of astonishing visual and aural effects.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

auspices

[D.J.:ˈɔ:spɪˌsi:z]

[K.K.:ˈɔspɪˌsiz]

n.

支持；赞助

保护

主办

under the auspices of

在…的帮助或支持下;有…赞助的

auspices *

auspices
If something is done under the auspices of a particular person or organization, or under someone's auspices , it is done with their support and approval. (FORMAL)

- ...a walk in support of Forests of the World, under the auspices of the World Wildlife Fund.

- ...a peace conference under United Nations auspices.

PHR: PHR n

auspicious

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈspɪʃəs]

[K.K.:ɔˈspɪʃəs]

adj.

有前途的,有希望的,吉祥的,吉兆的

有利的,吉利的,有帮助的

auspicious

auspicious
Something that is auspicious indicates that success is likely. (FORMAL)

- His career as a playwright had an auspicious start.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ inauspicious

auspicious

adjective

favourable

bright

encouraging

felicitous

hopeful

promising

Aussie

[D.J.:ˈɔ:si]

[K.K.:ˈɔsi, ˈɔzi]

n.

澳洲人,澳大利亚

Aussie *

1. Aussie
Aussie means Australian. (INFORMAL)

- ...Aussie comedy actor Paul Hogan.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. Aussie Aussies
An Aussie is a person from Australia. (INFORMAL)

- The Aussie was in agony with a broken finger.

N-COUNT

austere

[D.J.:ɔsˈtiə]

[K.K.:ɔˈstɪr]

adj.

朴素的, 无装饰的

严格的; 严峻的, 一丝不苟的

(指人或行为)十分简朴的, 苦行的

austere *

1. austere
If you describe something as austere , you approve of its plain and simple appearance.

- ...a cream linen suit and austere black blouse...

- The church was austere and simple.

ADJ-GRADED approval

2. austere
If you describe someone as austere , you disapprove of them because they are strict and serious.

- I found her a rather austere, distant, somewhat cold person.

- ...an extraordinarily austere and puritanical organization.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

3. austere
An austere way of life is one that is simple and without luxuries.

- The life of the troops was still comparatively austere.

ADJ-GRADED
= harsh

4. austere
An austere economic policy is one which reduces people's living standards sharply.

- ...a set of very austere economic measures to control inflation.

ADJ-GRADED

austere

adjective

1.

stern

forbidding

formal

serious

severe

solemn

strict

2.

ascetic

abstemious

puritanical

self-disciplined

sober

solemn

strait-laced

strict

3.

plain

bleak

harsh

simple

spare

Spartan

stark

austerity

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈsterɪti:]

[K.K.:ɔˈstɛrɪti]

n.

严厉;严格;严酷

简朴, 朴素

节衣缩食, 艰苦朴素

苦行,禁欲生活

austerity *

1. austerity
Austerity is a situation in which people's living standards are reduced because of economic difficulties.

- ...an economic austerity programme.

- ...the years of austerity which followed the war.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, oft N n

2. austerity
If you refer to something as showing austerity , you like its plain and simple appearance. (FORMAL)

- ...many abandoned buildings, some of which have a compact classical austerity and dignity.

N-UNCOUNT approval

austerity

noun

1.

sternness

formality

inflexibility

rigour

seriousness

severity

solemnity

stiffness

strictness

2.

asceticism

puritanism

self-denial

self-discipline

sobriety

3.

plainness

simplicity

starkness

Australasian

[ɔstrəˈleiʒ(ə)n]

n.

澳大拉西亚人

Australasian

Australasian
Australasian means belonging or relating to Australasia or to its people.
ADJ: ADJ n

Australian

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈstreɪljən]

[K.K.:ɔˈstreljən]

adj.

澳大利亚(人)的

n.

澳大利亚人

Australian ****

1. Australian
Something that is Australian belongs or relates to Australia, or to its people or culture.

- She went solo backpacking for eight months in the Australian outback.

ADJ

2. Australian Australians
An Australian is someone who comes from Australia.
N-COUNT

Austrian

[D.J.:ˈɔstrɪən]

n.

奥地利人

Austrian ***

1. Austrian
Something that is Austrian belongs or relates to Austria, or to its people or culture.

- ...the Austrian government.

ADJ

2. Austrian Austrians
An Austrian is someone who comes from Austria.
N-COUNT

Austro-

Austro-
Austro- combines with adjectives indicating nationality to form adjectives which describe something connected with Austria and another country.

- ...the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

COMB in ADJ

auteur

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈtə:]

[K.K.:oˈtɚ, oˈtɚr]

n.

电影导演

auteur

auteur auteurs
You can refer to a film director as an auteur when they have a very strong artistic influence on the films they make.

- ...French auteur Jacques Rivette, responsible for `La Belle Noiseuse'.

N-COUNT

authentic

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈθentik]

[K.K.:ɔˈθɛntɪk]

adj.

真的, 真正的

可靠的, 可信的

authentically

adv.

确实地,真正地

authenticity

[D.J.:ˌɔ:θenˈtɪsətɪ]

[K.K.:ˌɔθənˈtɪsətɪ]

n.

可靠性；确实性；真实性

authentic **

1. authentic
An authentic person, object, or emotion is genuine.

- ...authentic Italian food...

- She has authentic charm whereas most people simply have nice manners.

- They have to look authentic.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= genuine real ≠ fake imitation

2. authenticity

- There are factors, however, that have cast doubt on the statue's authenticity.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

3. authentically

- Consumers are increasingly interested in the authentically exotic tastes.

- The enamel gives new brass an authentically tarnished finish.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/-ed, also ADV after v

4. authentic
If you describe something as authentic , you mean that it is such a good imitation that it is almost the same as or as good as the original.

- ...patterns for making authentic frontier-style clothing.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

5. authentically

- The team decided to try and replicate the missing curtains as authentically as possible.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

6. authentic
An authentic piece of information or account of something is reliable and accurate.

- I had obtained the authentic details about the birth of the organization.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

7. authentically

- The book authentically and intimately describes the small details of her daily life.

ADV-GRADED

8. authenticity

- The film's authenticity of detail has impressed critics.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

authentic

adjective

genuine

actual

authoritative

bona fide

legitimate

pure

real

true-to-life

valid

authenticity

noun

genuineness

accuracy

certainty

faithfulness

legitimacy

purity

truthfulness

validity

authenticate

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈθentɪˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:ɔˈθɛntɪˌket]

vt.

证明是真实的、可靠的或有效的

鉴定；使生效

authentication

n.

authentication

n.

证明,鉴定

authenticate

1. authenticate authenticates authenticating authenticated
If you authenticate something, you state officially that it is genuine after examining it.

- He says he'll have no problem authenticating the stamp.

- All the antiques have been authenticated and recorded.

VB

2. authentication

- He had purchased a painting in reliance upon the authentication of a well-regarded expert.

N-UNCOUNT

3. authenticate authenticates authenticating authenticated
If you authenticate something, you prove or confirm that it is true.

- Documentaries offered the chance to authenticate the accuracy of the various details in these models.

- There have now been well authenticated reports that the use of this drug is very occasionally responsible for heart attacks.

VB

author

[D.J.:ˈɔ:θə]

[K.K.:ˈɔθɚ]

n.

著作家, 作者

创造者, 创始人; 发起人

authoring

[ˈɔ:θəriŋ]

n.

著作

author ****

1. author authors
The author of a piece of writing is the person who wrote it.

- ...Jill Phillips, author of the book `Give Your Child Music'...

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. author authors
An author is a person whose job is writing books.

- Haruki Murakami is Japan's best-selling author.

N-COUNT

3. author authors
The author of a plan or proposal is the person who thinks of it and works out the details.

- The authors of the plan believe they can reach this point within about two years.

N-COUNT: N of n

4. author authors authoring authored
To author something means to be the author of it.

- Then he opened a restaurant, authored a book, and landed his own radio show.

- ...a proposal authored by subcommittee chairman Quentin Burdick.

VB

author

noun

1.

writer

composer

creator

2.

creator

architect

designer

father

founder

inventor

originator

producer

authoress

[ˈɔ:θəris]

n.

女作家

authoress

authoress authoresses
An authoress is a female author. Many female writers object to this word, and prefer to be called authors.
N-COUNT

authorial

[ɔ:ˈθɔ:riəl]

adj.

著者的

authorial

authorial
Authorial means relating to the author of something such as a book or play.

- There are times when the book suffers from excessive authorial control.

ADJ: ADJ n

authoritarian

[D.J.:əˌθɔ:rɪˈteəri:ən, əˌθɔr-, ɔ:ˌθɔ:r-, ɔ:ˌθɔr-]

[K.K.:əˌθɔrɪˈtɛriən, əˌθɑr-, ɔˌθɔr-, ɔˌθɑr-]

adj.

权力主义的,专制的

n.

权力主义者,专制者,独裁者

authoritarian *

1. authoritarian
If you describe a person or an organization as authoritarian , you are critical of them controlling everything rather than letting people decide things for themselves.

- Senior officers could be considering a coup to restore authoritarian rule.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= dictatorial

2. authoritarian authoritarians
An authoritarian is someone who is authoritarian.

- Don became the overly strict authoritarian he felt his brother needed.

N-COUNT

authoritarian

adjective

1.

strict

autocratic

dictatorial

doctrinaire

dogmatic

severe

tyrannical

noun

2.

disciplinarian

absolutist

autocrat

despot

dictator

tyrant

authoritarianism

n.

权力主义,独裁主义

authoritarianism

authoritarianism
Authoritarianism is the state of being authoritarian or the belief that people with power, especially the State, have the right to control other people's actions. (FORMAL)

- ...the long revolt against authoritarianism.

N-UNCOUNT

authoritative

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈθɔritətiv]

[K.K.:əˈθɔrɪˌtetɪv, əˈθɑr-, ɔˈθɔr-, ɔˈθɑr-]

adj.

有权力的; 有权威的; 可相信的; 可靠的

权威的, 官方的, 当局的

显示权力的; 好像显示权威的

authoritatively

adv.

命令式地,有权威地,可信地

authoritative *

1. authoritative
Someone or something that is authoritative gives an impression of power and importance and is likely to be obeyed.

- He has a commanding presence and deep, authoritative voice.

- Her smile was warm but authoritative.

ADJ-GRADED

2. authoritatively

- The man pushed his way authoritatively through the crowd.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. authoritative
Someone or something that is authoritative has a lot of knowledge of a particular subject.

- The first authoritative study of polio was published in 1840.

- The evidence she uses is usually highly authoritative.

ADJ-GRADED

4. authoritatively

- My own life is the only thing I can speak authoritatively about.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

authoritative

adjective

1.

reliable

accurate

authentic

definitive

dependable

trustworthy

valid

2.

commanding

assertive

imperious

imposing

masterly

self-assured

authority

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈθɔriti]

[K.K.:əˈθɔrɪti, əˈθɑr-, ɔˈθɔr-, ɔˈθɑr-]

n.

权力, 职权

官方, 当局

权威, 专家

authority *****

1. authority authorities
The authorities are the people who have the power to make decisions and to make sure that laws are obeyed.

- This provided a pretext for the authorities to cancel the elections.

- The prison authorities have been criticised for not moving more quickly to end the protest by inmates.

N-PLURAL: oft the N

2. authority authorities
An authority is an official organization or government department that has the power to make decisions.

- ...the Health Education Authority...

- Any alterations had to meet the approval of the local planning authority.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft in names
See also local authority .

3. authority
Authority is the right to command and control other people.

- Local police chiefs should re-emerge as figures of authority and reassurance in their areas.

- The judge had no authority to order a second trial.

N-UNCOUNT

4. authority
If someone has authority , they have a quality which makes other people take notice of what they say.

- He had no natural authority and no capacity for imposing his will on others.

N-UNCOUNT

5. authority
Authority is official permission to do something.

- The prison governor has refused to let him go, saying he must first be given authority from his own superiors.

N-UNCOUNT
= sanction

6. authority authorities
Someone who is an authority on a particular subject knows a lot about it.

- He's universally recognized as an authority on Russian affairs.

N-COUNT: N on n
= expert

7. authority
If you say you have it on good authority that something is true, you mean that you believe it is true because you trust the person who told you about it.

- I have it on good authority that there's no way this light can cause skin cancer.

PHR: V inflects, PHR that

authority

noun

1.

power

command

control

direction

influence

supremacy

sway

weight

usually plural 2.

powers that be

administration

government

management

officialdom

police

the Establishment

3.

expert

connoisseur

judge

master

professional

specialist

authorization

[D.J.:ˌɔ:θərɪˈzeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɔθərɪˈzeʃən]

n.

授权,批准

批准(或授权)的证书

authorize

[D.J.:ˈɔ:θəraiz]

[K.K.:ˈɔθəˌraɪz]

vt.

授权, 批准; 委托

authorized

[ˈɔ:θəraizd]

adj.

权威认可的,审定的,经授权的

authorize **

1. authorize authorizes authorizing authorized
If someone in a position of authority authorizes something, they give their official permission for it to happen.

- It would certainly be within his power to authorize a police raid like that.

- We are willing to authorize the president to use force if necessary.

VB (BRIT) also authorise
= sanction

2. authorization authorizations

- The United Nations will approve his request for authorization to use military force to deliver aid.

N-VAR

authorization

noun

permission

a blank cheque

approval

leave

licence

permit

warrant

authorize

verb

1.

empower

accredit

commission

enable

entitle

give authority

2.

permit

allow

approve

give authority for

license

sanction

warrant

authorship

[D.J.:ˈɔ:θəʃip]

[K.K.:ˈɔθɚˌʃɪp]

n.

作者身份

authorship

1. authorship
The authorship of a piece of writing is the identity of the person who wrote it.

- Its authorship has been disputed.

N-UNCOUNT

2. authorship
Authorship is the activity or job of writing books or articles.

- It was her first try at authorship and proved a great success.

N-UNCOUNT

autism

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ˌtɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈɔˌtɪzəm]

n.

孤独症,自我中心主义

autistic

adj.

autistic

[ɔ:ˈtistik]

n.

(专注自我而与现实隔绝的)孤独症患者(常指儿童)

autism

autism
Autism is a severe mental disorder that affects children and makes them unable to respond to other people.
N-UNCOUNT

autistic

autistic
An autistic person suffers from autism.
ADJ

auto

[ˈɔ:təu]

n.

〈美〉汽车

auto ***

auto autos
An auto is a car. (AM)

- ...the auto industry.

N-COUNT: oft N n

autobahn

[D.J.:ˈɔ:təubɑ:n]

[K.K.:ˈɔtəˌbɑn, ˈaʊto-]

n.

(德国、奥地利或瑞士的)高速公路

autobahn

autobahn autobahns
An autobahn is a German motorway.
N-COUNT

autobiographical

[D.J.:ˌ ɔ:təbaɪəˈ græfɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌ ɔtəˌbaɪəˈɡræfɪk l..]

adj.

自传的;自传体的

autobiographical *

autobiographical
An autobiographical piece of writing relates to events in the life of the person who has written it.

- ...a highly autobiographical novel of a woman's search for identity.

ADJ-GRADED

autobiography

[D.J.:ˌɔ:təubaiˈɔɡrəfi]

[K.K.:ˌɔtobaɪˈɑɡrəfi, -bi-]

n.

自传

自传文学

autobiography **

autobiography autobiographies
Your autobiography is an account of your life, which you write yourself.

- He published his autobiography last autumn.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

autocracy

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈtɔkrəsi:]

[K.K.:ɔˈtɑkrəsi]

n.

独裁；独裁统治；独裁政体

独裁政府;独裁统治的国家

autocracy

1. autocracy
Autocracy is government or control by one person who has complete power.

- Many poor countries are abandoning autocracy.

N-UNCOUNT

2. autocracy autocracies
An autocracy is a country or organization that is ruled by one person who has complete power.

- She ceded all power to her son-in-law who now runs the country as an autocracy.

N-COUNT

autocracy

noun

dictatorship

absolutism

despotism

tyranny

autocrat

[D.J.:ˈɔ:təˌkræt]

[K.K.:ˈɔtəˌkræt]

n.

独裁统治者

独断专行的人

autocratic

adj.

独裁的,专制的

autocratically

adv.

独裁地,专治地

autocratic

[D.J.:ˌɔ:təˈkrætɪk]

[K.K.: ˌɔtəˈkrætɪk]

adj.

独裁的,专制的

专横的

autocratically

adv.

独裁地,专制地

autocrat

autocrat autocrats
An autocrat is a person in authority who has complete power.
N-COUNT

autocrat

noun

dictator

absolutist

despot

tyrant

autocratic *

autocratic
An autocratic person or organization has complete power and makes decisions without asking anyone else's advice.

- The people have grown intolerant in recent weeks of the King's autocratic ways.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

autocratic

adjective

dictatorial

absolute

all-powerful

despotic

domineering

imperious

tyrannical

Autocue

n.

电视播音稿提示机

Autocue

Autocue Autocues
An Autocue is a device used by people speaking on television or at a public event, which displays words for them to read. (TRADEMARK) (BRIT; in AM use Teleprompter )
N-COUNT

autograph

[D.J.:ˈɔ:təˌgræf]

[K.K.:ˈɔtəˌɡræf]

n.

亲笔签名

亲笔稿;手迹

vt.

在…上亲笔签名

亲笔书写

autograph *

1. autograph autographs
An autograph is the signature of someone famous which is specially written for a fan to keep.

- He went backstage and asked for her autograph.

- Young autograph hunters clustered around the players' entrance.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

2. autograph autographs autographing autographed
If someone famous autographs something, they put their signature on it.

- I autographed a copy of one of my books.

- ...an autographed photo of Clark Gable.

VB

auto-immune

auto-immune
Auto-immune describes medical conditions in which normal cells are attacked by the body's immune system.

- ...auto-immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

- ...an auto-immune reaction in which the body becomes sensitive to aspects of itself.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also autoimmune

automate

[D.J.:ˈɔ:təˌmeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɔtəˌmet]

vt. & vi.

(使)自动化

automated

adj.

自动化的

automated

自动化的

automation

[D.J.:ˌɔ:təˈmeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɔtəˈmeʃən]

n.

自动化(技术), 自动操作

automate *

1. automate automates automating automated
To automate a factory, office, or industrial process means to put in machines which can do the work instead of people.

- He wanted to use computers to automate the process.

VB

2. automation

- In the last ten years automation has reduced the work force here by half.

N-UNCOUNT

automated *

automated
An automated factory, office, or industrial process uses machines to do the work instead of people.

- The equipment was made on highly automated production lines.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

automatic

[D.J.:ˌɔ:təˈmætik]

[K.K.:ˌɔtəˈmætɪk]

adj.

自动的

不假思索的, 无意识的

必然发生的

n.

能自动运转的机器或器械

automatically

[D.J.:ˌ ɔ:təˈmætɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌ ɔtəˈmætɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

自动地

无意识地,不自觉地,机械地

automatics

[ˌɔ:təˈmætiks]

n.

自动学;自动装置[车床,机械]

automatic ***

1. automatic
An automatic machine or device is one which has controls that enable it to perform a task without needing to be constantly operated by a person. Automatic methods and processes involve the use of such machines.

- Modern trains have automatic doors.

ADJ

2. automatic automatics
An automatic is a gun that keeps firing shots until you stop pulling the trigger.

- He drew his automatic and began running in the direction of the sounds.

- The gunmen opened fire with automatic weapons.

N-COUNT

3. automatic automatics
An automatic is a car in which the gears change automatically as the car's speed increases or decreases.
N-COUNT

4. automatic
An automatic action is one that you do without thinking about it.

- All of the automatic body functions, even breathing, are affected.

ADJ
= instinctive

5. automatically

- Strangely enough, you will automatically wake up after this length of time.

- Automatically Tommy's hand went to his forehead.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

6. automatic
If something such as an action or a punishment is automatic , it happens without people needing to think about it because it is the result of a fixed rule or method.

- Those drivers should face an automatic charge of manslaughter.

- Israel offers automatic citizenship to all Jews who want it.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

7. automatically

- As an account customer, you are automatically entitled to a variety of benefits.

- Anyone giving in excess of £100 automatically becomes a member of the Trust.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV n/adj

automatic

adjective

1.

mechanical

automated

mechanized

push-button

self-propelling

2.

involuntary

instinctive

mechanical

natural

reflex

spontaneous

unconscious

unwilled

automatic pilot

1. automatic pilot
If you are on automatic pilot or on autopilot , you are acting without thinking about what you are doing, usually because you have done it many times before.

- You've made that same trip so many times before that you're on automatic pilot.

- My body was on autopilot as I trailed through passport control, baggage reclaim and customs.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v The form autopilot is also used

2. automatic pilot
An automatic pilot or an autopilot is a device in an aircraft that automatically keeps it on a particular course.
N-SING The form autopilot is also used

automatic transmission

automatic transmission
A car that is fitted with automatic transmission has a gear system in which the gears change automatically.
N-UNCOUNT

automata

[D.J.:ˈɔ:təmətə]

[K.K.:ɔˈtɑmətə]

n.

自动操作,自动控制

automaton

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈtɔmətən]

[K.K.:ɔˈtɑmətən, -ˌtɑn]

n.

自动机, 机器人

automaton

1. automaton automatons or automata
If you say that someone is an automaton , you are critical of them because they behave as if they are so tired or bored that they do things without thinking.

- I get sick of being thought of as a political automaton.

N-COUNT disapproval

2. automaton automatons or automata
An automaton is a small, mechanical figure that can move automatically.
N-COUNT

automobile

[D.J.:ˈɔ:təməbi:l]

[K.K.:ˌɔtəmoˈbil, -ˈmoˌbil]

n.

〈美〉汽车

automobile **

automobile automobiles
An automobile is a car. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

automotive

[D.J.:ˌɔ:təˈməutiv]

[K.K.:ˌɔtəˈmotɪv]

adj.

自动的, 机动的

automotive *

automotive
Automotive is used to refer to things relating to cars.

- ...a chain of stores selling automotive parts.

ADJ: ADJ n

autonomous

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈtɔnəməs]

[K.K.:ɔˈtɑnəməs]

adj.

自治的

autonomous **

1. autonomous
An autonomous country, organization, or group governs or controls itself rather than being controlled by anyone else.

- They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= independent

2. autonomously

- ...a highly decentralised company, with each of its subsidiaries operating autonomously.

ADV: usu ADV after v

3. autonomous
An autonomous person makes their own decisions rather than being influenced by someone else.

- He treated us as autonomous individuals who had to learn to make up our own minds about important issues.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= independent

autonomous

adjective

self-ruling

free

independent

self-determining

self-governing

sovereign

autonomy

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈtɔnəmi]

[K.K.:ɔˈtɑnəmi]

n.

自治, 自治权

autonomy **

1. autonomy
Autonomy is the control or government of a country, organization, or group by itself rather than by others.

- Activists stepped up their demands for local autonomy last month.

N-UNCOUNT
= independence

2. autonomy
Autonomy is the ability to make your own decisions about what to do rather than being influenced by someone else or told what to do. (FORMAL)

- Each of the area managers enjoys considerable autonomy in the running of his own area.

N-UNCOUNT
= independence

autonomy

noun

independence

freedom

home rule

self-determination

self-government

self-rule

sovereignty

autopsy

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ˌtɔpsi:, ˈɔ:təp-]

[K.K.:ˈɔˌtɑpsi, ˈɔtəp-]

n.

尸体解剖, 验尸

现场验证,实地观察,亲自勘察

autopsy *

autopsy autopsies
An autopsy is an examination of a dead body by a doctor who cuts it open in order to try to discover the cause of death.

- The autopsy report gave the cause of death as poisoning.

N-COUNT
= post-mortem

autumn

[D.J.:ˈɔ:təm]

[K.K.:ˈɔtəm]

n.

秋, 秋天, 秋季

成熟期, 渐衰期

autumn ***

autumn autumns
Autumn is the season between summer and winter when the weather becomes cooler and the leaves fall off the trees. In American English, autumn is usually called fall .

- We are always plagued by wasps in autumn.

N-VAR

autumnal

[ɔ:ˈtʌmnəl]

adj.

秋的,秋天的,已过中年的

autumnal

1. autumnal
Autumnal means having features that are characteristic of autumn. (LITERARY)

- ...the autumnal colours of the trees...

- We used shades of gold and green to give the room a fresh, autumnal look.

ADJ-GRADED

2. autumnal
Autumnal means happening in autumn.

- ...the autumnal equinox.

- ...autumnal gales.

ADJ

auxiliaries

辅助设备

auxiliary

[D.J.:ɔ:ɡˈziljəri]

[K.K.:ɔɡˈzɪljəri, -ˈzɪləri]

adj.

辅助的, 补充的; 备用的

auxiliary *

1. auxiliary auxiliaries
An auxiliary is a person who is employed to assist other people in their work. Auxiliaries are often medical workers or members of the armed forces.

- Nursing auxiliaries provide basic care, but are not qualified nurses.

N-COUNT
= ancillary

2. auxiliary
Auxiliary staff and troops assist other staff and troops.

- The government's first concern was to augment the army and auxiliary forces.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. auxiliary
Auxiliary equipment is extra equipment that is available for use when necessary.

- ...an auxiliary motor.

- ...auxiliary fuel tanks.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. auxiliary auxiliaries
An auxiliary is an organization that is connected with, but less important than, another organization; for example, an organization for the wives of the members of the main organization. (AM)

- The restaurant is operated by the Palo Alto Auxiliary for the benefit of the Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital.

N-COUNT: oft in names

5. auxiliary auxiliaries
In grammar, an auxiliary or auxiliary verb is a verb which is used with a main verb, for example to form different tenses or to make the verb passive. In English, the basic auxiliary verbs are `be', `have', and `do'. Modal verbs such as `can' and `will' are also sometimes called auxiliaries.
N-COUNT

auxiliary

adjective

1.

supplementary

back-up

emergency

fall-back

reserve

secondary

subsidiary

substitute

2.

supporting

accessory

aiding

ancillary

assisting

helping

noun

3.

backup

reserve

4.

helper

assistant

associate

companion

subordinate

supporter

avail

[D.J.:əˈveil]

[K.K.:əˈvel]

n.

效用, 利益

vt. & vi.

有用于, 有益于, 有助于

avails

[əˈveils]

n.

营业收入,出售资产收入;担保付款;预扣利息的贷款;盈利,收益

avail *

1. avail
If you do something to no avail or to little avail , what you do fails to achieve what you want. (WRITTEN)

- His efforts were to no avail.

- I apologized repeatedly, but to little avail.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

2. avail avails availing availed
If you avail yourself of an offer or an opportunity, you accept the offer or make use of the opportunity. (FORMAL)

- Guests should feel at liberty to avail themselves of your facilities.

VB

avail

verb

1.

benefit

aid

assist

be of advantage

be useful

help

profit

noun

2.

benefit

advantage

aid

good

help

profit

use

availability

[D.J.:əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪtɪ]

[K.K.:əˌveləˈbɪlətɪ]

n.

有效;有益;可利用性

可得到的东西(或人);可得性

available

[D.J.:əˈveiləbl]

[K.K.:əˈveləbəl]

adj.

可用的或可得到的

可会见的, 可与之交谈的

available *****

1. available
If something you want or need is available , you can find it or obtain it.

- Since 1978, the amount of money available to buy books has fallen by 17%.

- There are three small boats available for hire.

- According to the best available information, the facts are these.

ADJ

2. availability

- ...the easy availability of guns.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n

3. available
Someone who is available is not busy and is therefore free to talk to you or to do a particular task.

- Mr Leach is on holiday and was not available for comment.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

availability

noun

accessibility

attainability

handiness

readiness

available

adjective

accessible

at hand

at one's disposal

free

handy

on tap

ready

to hand

avalanche

[D.J.:ˈævəˌlæntʃ]

[K.K.:ˈævəˌlæntʃ]

n.

雪崩

vi.

雪崩;雪崩般塌落

vt.

(因大量涌至而)把...淹没,使无法应付

avalanche *

1. avalanche avalanches
An avalanche is a large mass of snow that falls down the side of a mountain.
N-COUNT

2. avalanche
You can refer to a very large quantity of things that all arrive or happen at the same time as an avalanche of them.

- The newcomer was greeted with an avalanche of publicity.

N-SING: usu N of n

avalanche

noun

1.

snow-slide

landslide

landslip

2.

flood

barrage

deluge

inundation

torrent

avant-garde

[D.J.:ˌɑ:vɑ:ntˈgɑ:d, ˌævɑ:nt-]

[K.K.:ˌɑvɑntˈɡɑrd, ˌævɑnt-]

n.

革新者,(尤指)艺术上的先锋派

adj.

新的,开拓的,先锋的;前卫的

avant-garde *

1. avant-garde
Avant-garde art, music, theatre, and literature is very modern and experimental.

- ...avant-garde concert music.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also avant garde

2. avant-garde
Also a noun.

- He was an enthusiast for the avant-garde.

N-SING: the N also avant garde

3. avant-garde
You can refer to the artists, writers, and musicians who introduce new and very modern ideas as the avant-garde .

- In Paris he made friends among the avant-garde.

N-SING: the N also avant garde

avant-garde

adjective

progressive

experimental

ground-breaking

innovative

pioneering

unconventional

avarice

[D.J.:ˈævərɪs]

[K.K.:ˈævərɪs]

n.

贪婪

avaricious

adj.

avaricious

[D.J.:ˌævəˈrɪʃəs]

[K.K.:ˌævəˈrɪʃəs]

adj.

贪婪的,贪得无厌的

avarice

avarice
Avarice is extremely strong desire for money and possessions. (LITERARY)

- He paid a month's rent in advance, just enough to satisfy the landlord's avarice.

N-UNCOUNT

avarice

noun

greed

covetousness

meanness

miserliness

niggardliness

parsimony

stinginess

avaricious

avaricious
An avaricious person is very greedy for money or possessions.

- He sacrificed his own career so that his avaricious brother could succeed.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

avaricious

adjective

grasping

covetous

greedy

mean

miserly

niggardly

parsimonious

stingy

Ave

n.

福哉马利亚,颂赞的祈祷,万福,万福马利亚

Ave.

Ave.
Ave. is a written abbreviation for avenue .

- ...90 Dayton Ave.

N-IN-NAMES
= avenue

avenge

[D.J.:əˈvendʒ]

[K.K.:əˈvɛndʒ]

vt.

为…复仇, 报…之仇

为…报复

avenger

n.

复仇者

avenging

[əˈvendʒiŋ]

adj.

报仇的,复仇的

avenge *

1. avenge avenges avenging avenged
If you avenge a wrong or harmful act, you hurt or punish the person who is responsible for it.

- He has devoted the past five years to avenging his daughter's death.

- She had decided to avenge herself and all the other women he had abused.

VB

2. avenger avengers

- He saw himself as a Master of the Universe, an avenger of wrongs.

N-COUNT

avenge

verb

get revenge for

get even for informal

get one's own back

hit back

punish

repay

retaliate

avenue

[D.J.:ˈævinju:]

[K.K.:ˈævəˌnu, -ˌnju]

n.

林阴道, 大街

途径, 手段

avenue **

1. avenue
Avenue is sometimes used in the names of streets. The written abbreviation Ave. is also used.

- ...the most expensive stores on Park Avenue.

N-IN-NAMES

2. avenue avenues
An avenue is a wide, straight road, especially one with trees on either side.
N-COUNT

3. avenue avenues
An avenue is a way of getting something done.

- Talbot was presented with 80 potential avenues of investigation.

- There is another avenue to pursue -- it involves further negotiations.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n
= line

avenue

noun

street

approach

boulevard

course

drive

passage

path

road

route

way

aver

[D.J.:əˈvɜ:]

[K.K.:əˈvə..]

vt.

<正>断言,证实

<律>证明...属实;作为事实提出

aver

aver avers averring averred
If you aver that something is the case, you say very firmly that it is true. (FORMAL)

- Her girlfriends aver that men find her fascinating and alluring.

- `Entertaining is something that everyone in the country can enjoy,' she averred.

VB
= state declare

average

[D.J.:ˈævəridʒ]

[K.K.:ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ]

adj.

平均的

平常的, 普通的

n.

平均; 平均数

vt.

求…的平均数

link v.

平均为, 平均达

averagely

adv.

平均地,一般地

averaging

[ˈævəridʒiŋ]

n.

拉平价格;为取得更高的平均价格而买进[卖出]

average ****

1. average averages
An average is the result that you get when you add two or more numbers together and divide the total by the number of numbers you added together.

- Take the average of those ratios and multiply by a hundred.

N-COUNT
= mean

2. average
Also an adjective.

- The average price of goods rose by just 2.2%.

- Of America's million millionaires in 1985, the average age was 63.

ADJ: ADJ n
= mean

3. average
You use average to refer to a number or size that varies but is always approximately the same.

- It takes an average of ten weeks for a house sale to be completed.

N-SING: a N of amount

4. average
An average person or thing is typical or normal.

- The average adult man burns 1,500 to 2,000 calories per day.

- Packaging is about a third of what is found in an average British dustbin.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. average
An amount or quality that is the average is the normal amount or quality for a particular group of things or people.

- 35% of staff time was being spent on repeating work, about the average for a service industry.

N-SING: the N
= norm

6. average
Also an adjective.

- £2.20 for a beer is average.

- ...a woman of average height.

ADJ

7. average
Something that is average is neither very good nor very bad, usually when you had hoped it would be better.

- I was only average academically.

ADJ-GRADED

8. averagely

- Most children are not geniuses or stars. They just do averagely well.

- The songs are performed averagely, although the band seem to be enjoying themselves.

ADV: ADV adj/adv, ADV after v

9. average averages averaging averaged
To average a particular amount means to do, get, or produce that amount as an average over a period of time.

- We averaged 42 miles per hour.

- ...pay increases averaging 9.75%.

VB

10. average
You say on average or on an average to indicate that a number is the average of several numbers.

- American shares rose, on average, by 38%.

- On an average we would be spending £200 per day.

PHR: PHR with cl

11. average
If you say that something is true on average , you mean that it is generally true.

- On average, American firms remain the most productive in the world.

PHR: PHR with cl

average

noun

1.

usual

mean

medium

midpoint

norm

normal

par

standard

on average

2.

usually

as a rule

for the most part

generally

normally

typically

adjective

3.

usual

commonplace

fair

general

normal

ordinary

regular

standard

typical

4.

mean

intermediate

median

medium

middle

verb

5.

make on average

balance out to

be on average

do on average

even out to

average out ****

average out averages out; averaging out; averaged out
If a set of numbers average out to a particular figure or if you average them out to that figure, their average is calculated to be that figure.

- There are six glasses of wine in one bottle, which averages out to 50p a glass.

- Averaging it out between us there's less than £10 a month each to live on.

PHR-V-ERG

averse

[D.J.:əˈvɜ:s]

[K.K.:əˈvə..s]

adj.

不喜欢的, 讨厌的, 反对的

<植>(叶子等)与茎方向相反的

averse *

averse
If you say that you are not averse to something, you mean that you quite like it or quite want to do it. (FORMAL)

- He's not averse to publicity, of the right kind.

ADJ-GRADED: usu with neg, v-link ADJ to n

averse

adjective

opposed

disinclined

hostile

ill-disposed

loath

reluctant

unwilling

aversion

[D.J.:əˈvɜ:ʒən, -ʃən]

[K.K.:əˈvə..ʒən, -ʃən]

n.

厌恶, 讨厌, 反感

讨厌的人或东西

<废>转变方向;背离

aversion *

aversion aversions
If you have an aversion to someone or something, you dislike them very much.

- Many people have a natural and emotional aversion to insects.

N-VAR: usu N to/for n/-ing

aversion

noun

hatred

animosity

antipathy

disinclination

dislike

hostility

revulsion

unwillingness

avert

[D.J.:əˈvə:t]

[K.K.:əˈvɚt]

vt.

防止, 避免

转移

avert **

1. avert averts averting averted
If you avert something unpleasant, you prevent it from happening.

- Talks with the teachers' union over the weekend have averted a strike.

- A fresh tragedy was narrowly averted yesterday.

VB

2. avert averts averting averted
If you avert your eyes or gaze from someone or something, you look away from them.

- He avoids any eye contact, quickly averting his gaze when anyone approaches.

- He kept his eyes averted.

VB

avert

verb

1.

turn away

turn aside

2.

ward off

avoid

fend off

forestall

frustrate

preclude

prevent

stave off

aviarist

[ˈeivjərist]

n.

飞禽饲养家

aviary

[D.J.:ˈeɪvi:ˌeri:]

[K.K.:ˈeviˌɛri]

n.

大鸟笼;鸟舍;鸟类饲养场

aviarist

n.

鸟类饲养者

aviary **

aviary aviaries
An aviary is a large cage or covered area in which birds are kept.
N-COUNT

aviation

[D.J.:ˌeiviˈeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌeviˈeʃən, ˌævi-]

n.

航空, 航空学

航空工业

aviation **

aviation
Aviation is the operation and production of aircraft.
N-UNCOUNT

aviator

[D.J.:ˈeɪvi:ˌeɪtə, ˈævi:-]

[K.K.:ˈeviˌetɚ, ˈævi-]

n.

<旧>飞机驾驶员,飞行员

aviator

aviator aviators
An aviator is a pilot of a plane, especially in the early days of flying. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

aviator

noun

pilot

aeronaut

airman

flyer

avid

[D.J.:ˈævɪd]

[K.K.:ˈævɪd]

adj.

渴望的,急切的

热心的,劲头十足的

avidly

adv.

渴望地,热心地

avidly

[D.J.:ˈævɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈævɪdlɪ]

adv.

渴望地;热望地

贪婪地;贪心地

热心地;热烈地

avid *

1. avid
You use avid to describe someone who is very enthusiastic about something that they do.

- He misses not having enough books because he's an avid reader.

- ...an avid collector of art and history.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. avidly

- Thank you for a most entertaining magazine, which I read avidly each month.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. avid
If you say that someone is avid for something, you mean that they are very eager to get it.

- He was intensely eager, indeed avid, for wealth.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ for n

4. avidly

- Western suppliers too are competing avidly for business abroad.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

avid

adjective

1.

enthusiastic

ardent

devoted

eager

fanatical

intense

keen

passionate

zealous

2.

insatiable

grasping

greedy

hungry

rapacious

ravenous

thirsty

voracious

avionics

[D.J.:ˌeiviˈɔniks]

[K.K.:ˌeviˈɑnɪks, ˌævi-]

n.

航空电子设备; 航空电子学; 航空电子技术

avionics

avionics
Avionics is the science of electronics used in aviation. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

avocado

[D.J.:ˌævəˈkɑ:dəʊ, ˌɑ:və-]

[K.K.:ˌævəˈkɑdo, ˌɑvə-]

n.

鳄梨

avocado *

avocado avocados
Avocados are pear-shaped vegetables, with hard skins and large stones, which are usually eaten raw. They are sometimes called avocado pears in British English.

- The ham is delicious with avocado.

N-VAR

avocation

[D.J.:ˌævəʊˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌævoˈkeʃən]

n.

<正>业余爱好；嗜好

<罕>职业

avocation

avocation avocations
Your avocation is a job or activity that you do because you are interested in it, rather than to earn your living. (FORMAL)

- He was a printer by trade and naturalist by avocation.

N-VAR

avoid

[D.J.:əˈvɔid]

[K.K.:əˈvɔɪd]

vt.

避开, 避免, 预防

avoid ****

1. avoid avoids avoiding avoided
If you avoid something unpleasant that might happen, you take action in order to prevent it from happening.

- The pilots had to take emergency action to avoid a disaster.

- Women have to dress modestly, to avoid being harassed by the locals.

VB

2. avoid avoids avoiding avoided
If you avoid doing something, you choose not to do it, or you put yourself in a situation where you do not have to do it.

- By borrowing from dozens of banks, he managed to avoid giving any of them an overall picture of what he was up to.

- The officials said North Korea was trying to avoid dialogue with the South.

VB

3. avoid avoids avoiding avoided
If you avoid a person or thing, you keep away from them. When talking to someone, if you avoid the subject, you keep the conversation away from a particular topic.

- She eventually had to lock herself in the toilets to avoid him.

- All through lunch he had carefully avoided the subject of the house.

VB

4. avoid avoids avoiding avoided
If a person or vehicle avoids someone or something, they change the direction they are moving in, so that they do not hit them.

- The driver had ample time to brake or swerve and avoid the woman.

VB

avoid

verb

1.

refrain from

dodge

duck (out of) informal

eschew

fight shy of

shirk

2.

prevent

avert

3.

keep away from

bypass

dodge

elude

escape

evade

shun

steer clear of

avoidable

[D.J.:əˈv ɔɪdəbl]

[K.K.:əˈv ɔɪdəb l..]

adj.

能避免的;可回避的

可作为无效的

avoidable

avoidable
Something that is avoidable can be prevented from happening.

- More than a quarter of the avoidable deaths in the developing world are caused by TB.

- The tragedy was entirely avoidable.

ADJ-GRADED

avoidance

[D.J.:əˈvɔidəns]

[K.K.:əˈvɔɪdns]

n.

回避, 避开, 避免

avoidance *

avoidance
Avoidance of someone or something is the act of avoiding them.

- Anyone can improve his or her own health by the avoidance of stress.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

avoidance

noun

evasion

dodging

eluding

escape

keeping away

shunning

steering clear

avow

[D.J.:əˈvaʊ]

[K.K.:əˈvaʊ]

vt.

公开声明,承认

avowable

adj.

可明言的

avowal

n.

公开宣布

avowed

adj.

公开声明的,承认的

avowable

adj.

可承认的,可明言的

avowal

[D.J.:əˈvaʊəl]

[K.K.:əˈvaʊəl]

n.

公开宣布,声明;告白,承认

avowed

[əˈvaud]

adj.

自认的,公开宣布的

avowedly

adv.

公然地

avow

avow avows avowing avowed
If you avow something, you admit it or declare it. (FORMAL)

- ...a public statement avowing neutrality...

- The Prime Minister avowed that he saw no need to change his country's policies.

VB

avowed *

1. avowed
If you are an avowed supporter or opponent of something, you have declared that you support it or oppose it. (FORMAL)

- She is an avowed vegetarian.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. avowedly

- He remained for some years avowedly radical in his political outlook.

ADV: usu ADV adj/-ed

3. avowed
An avowed belief or aim is one that you have declared formally or publicly. (FORMAL)

- ...the council's avowed intention to stamp on racism.

ADJ: ADJ n

avowed

adjective

1.

declared

open

professed

self-proclaimed

sworn

2.

confessed

acknowledged

admitted

avuncular

[D.J.:əˈvʌŋkjələ]

[K.K.:əˈvʌŋkjəlɚ]

adj.

<正>伯父的；像伯伯〔叔叔〕似的；谆谆长辈风范的；慈爱的

avuncular

avuncular
An avuncular man or a man with avuncular behaviour is friendly and helpful towards someone younger. (FORMAL)

- he began to talk in his most gentle and avuncular manner.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

await

[D.J.:əˈweit]

[K.K.:əˈwet]

vt.

等候

期待

await ***

1. await awaits awaiting awaited
If you await someone or something, you wait for them. (FORMAL)

- Very little was said as we awaited the arrival of the chairman.

- He's awaiting trial, which is expected to begin early next year.

VB

2. await awaits awaiting awaited
Something that awaits you is going to happen or come to you in the future. (FORMAL)

- A nasty surprise awaited them in Rosemary Lane.

VB

await

verb

1.

wait for

abide

anticipate

expect

look for

look forward to

stay for

2.

be in store for

attend

be in readiness for

be prepared for

be ready for

wait for

awake

[D.J.:əˈweik]

[K.K.:əˈwek]

adj.

醒着的

觉醒的, 洞察的

vt. & vi.

醒, 唤醒

觉悟到, 使觉悟

awoke

[D.J.:əˈwəʊk]

[K.K.:əˈwok]

awake的过去式

awoken

[D.J.:əˈwəʊkən]

[K.K.:əˈwokən]

唤醒,叫醒,唤起

awake **

1. awake
Someone who is awake is not sleeping.

- I don't stay awake at night worrying about that.

- Nightmares kept me awake all night.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, ADJ after v

2. awake
Someone who is wide awake is fully awake and unable to sleep.

- I could not relax and still felt wide awake.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

3. awake awakes awaking awoke awoken
When you awake or when something awakes you, you wake up. (LITERARY)

- At midnight he awoke and listened to the radio for a few minutes.

- I awoke to the sound of the wind in the trees.

- The sound of many voices awoke her with a start.

V-ERG
= wake up

awoke

Awoke is the past tense of awake .

awoken

Awoken is the past participle of awake .

awake

adjective

1.

not sleeping

aroused

awakened

aware

conscious

wakeful

wide-awake

2.

alert

alive

attentive

aware

heedful

observant

on the lookout

vigilant

watchful

verb

3.

wake up

awaken

rouse

wake

4.

alert

arouse

kindle

provoke

revive

stimulate

stir up

awaken

[D.J.:əˈweɪkən]

[K.K.:əˈwekən]

vt. & vi.

(使)醒；(使)觉醒；弄醒

(使)意识到;(使)认识到

vt.

唤起;激起

awaken to sth;awaken sb to sth

(使)察觉到， 意识到， 醒悟到

awakening

[əˈweikəniŋ]

adj.

唤醒的,激励的

awaken *

1. awaken awakens awakening awakened
To awaken a feeling in a person means to cause them to start having this feeling. (LITERARY)

- The aim of the cruise was to awaken an interest in and an understanding of foreign cultures.

VB

2. awaken awakens awakening awakened
When you awaken to a fact or when someone awakens you to it, you become aware of it. (LITERARY)

- The British never awaken to peril until it is almost too late.

- ...the picture of the Earth, so blue and fragile, that awakened a generation to the Earth's mortality.

V-ERG

3. awaken awakens awakening awakened
When you awaken , or when something or someone awakens you, you wake up. (LITERARY)

- Unfortunately, Grandma always seems to awaken at awkward moments.

- He was snoring when Desmond awakened him.

V-ERG
= wake up

awakening

1. awakening awakenings
The awakening of a feeling or realization is the start of it.

- ...the awakening of national consciousness in people.

- ...a young woman's sexual awakening.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

2. awakening
If you have a rude awakening , you are suddenly made aware of an unpleasant fact.

- It was a rude awakening to learn after I left home that I wasn't so special anymore.

PHR

awaken

verb

1.

awake

arouse

revive

rouse

wake

2.

alert

kindle

provoke

stimulate

stir up

awakening

noun

waking up

arousal

revival

rousing

stimulation

stirring up

award

[D.J.:əˈwɔ:d]

[K.K.:əˈwɔrd]

vt.

授予, 奖给; 判给

n.

奖品, 奖金

award ****

1. award awards
An award is a prize or certificate that a person is given for doing something well.

- ...the Booker prize, Britain's top award for fiction...

- She presented a bravery award to schoolgirl Caroline Tucker.

N-COUNT: oft supp N, N for n

2. award awards
In law, an award is a sum of money that a court decides should be given to someone.

- ...workmen's compensation awards.

N-COUNT

3. award awards
A pay award is an increase in pay for a particular group of workers.

- ...this year's average pay award for teachers of just under 8%.

N-COUNT

4. award awards awarding awarded
If someone is awarded something such as a prize or an examination mark, it is given to them.

- She was awarded the prize for both films.

- For his dedication the Mayor awarded him a medal of merit.

VB

5. award awards awarding awarded
To award something to someone means to decide that it will be given to that person.

- We have awarded the contract to a British shipyard.

- A High Court judge had awarded him £6 million damages.

VB

award

verb

1.

give

bestow

confer

endow

grant

hand out

present

noun

2.

prize

decoration

gift

grant

trophy

award-winning

award-winning
An award-winning person or thing has won an award, especially an important or valuable one.

- Judah Passov is an award-winning photo-journalist.

- ...Arthur Miller's award-winning play, `The Crucible'.

ADJ: ADJ n

aware

[D.J.:əˈwɛə]

[K.K.:əˈwɛr]

adj.

意识到的, 知道的

awareness

[D.J.:əˈ w eənɪs]

[K.K.:əˈ w ɛrnɪs]

n.

察觉;觉悟;意识

aware ****

1. aware
If you are aware of something, you know about it.

- Smokers are well aware of the dangers to their own health.

- He should have been aware of what his junior officers were doing.

- He must have been aware that my parents' marriage was breaking up.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, ADJ of n, ADJ that
≠ unaware

2. awareness

- The 1980s brought an awareness of green issues.

- There has been an increasing awareness that many people are affected by crime.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of/about n, N that

3. aware
If you are aware of something, you realize that it is present or is happening because you hear it, see it, smell it, or feel it.

- She was acutely aware of the noise of the city.

- Jane was suddenly aware that she was digging her nails into her thigh.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, ADJ of n, ADJ that
= conscious ≠ unaware

4. aware
Someone who is aware notices what is happening around them or happening in the place where they live.

- They are politically very aware.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

5. awareness

- He introduced radio to the school to increase the children's awareness.

N-UNCOUNT

aware

adjective

aware of

1.

knowing about

acquainted with

conscious of

conversant with

familiar with

mindful of

2.

informed

enlightened

in the picture

knowledgeable

awareness

noun

knowledge

consciousness

familiarity

perception

realization

recognition

understanding

awash

[D.J.:əˈwɔʃ]

[K.K.:əˈwɑʃ, əˈwɔʃ]

adj.

与水面齐平的, 刚被水覆盖的

很多的

awash *

1. awash
If the ground or a floor is awash , it is covered in water, often because of heavy rain or as the result of an accident.

- The bathroom floor was awash.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
= flooded

2. awash
If a place is awash with something, it contains a large amount of it.

- This, after all, is a company which is awash with cash.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n

away

[D.J.:əˈwei]

[K.K.:əˈwe]

adv.

远处, 离开

away *****

( Away is often used with verbs of movement, such as `go' and `drive', and also in phrasal verbs such as `do away with' and `fade away'.)

1. away
If someone or something moves or is moved away from a place, they move or are moved so that they are no longer there. If you are away from a place, you are not in the place where people expect you to be.

- An injured policeman was led away by colleagues.

- He walked away from his car.

- She drove away before either of them could speak again.

- Jason was away on a business trip.

- Simon had been away a good deal lately.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, oft ADV prep

2. away
If you look or turn away from something, you move your head so that you are no longer looking at it.

- She quickly looked away and stared down at her hands.

- As he stands up, he turns his face away from her so that she won't see his tears.

ADV: ADV after v, oft ADV prep

3. away
If you put or tidy something away , you put it where it should be. If you hide someone or something away , you put them in a place where nobody can see them or find them.

- I put my journal away and prepared for bed.

- All her letters were carefully filed away in folders.

- I have $100m hidden away where no one will ever find it.

ADV: ADV after v

4. away
If something is away from a person or place, it is at a distance from that person or place.

- The two women were sitting as far away from each other as possible.

- I was anxious to get him here, away from family and friends.

- ...country estate thirty miles away from town.

PHR-PREP

5. away
You use away to talk about future events. For example, if an event is a week away , it will happen after a week.

- ...the Washington summit, now only just over two weeks away...

- Peace it seemed might at last be no more than a few months away.

ADV: be amount ADV

6. away
When a sports team plays away , it plays on its opponents' ground.

- ...a sensational 4-3 victory for the team playing away.

ADV: ADV after v
≠ at home

7. away
Also an adjective.

- Charlton are about to play an important away match.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. away
You can use away to say that something slowly disappears, becomes less significant, or changes so that it is no longer the same.

- So much snow has already melted away.

- His voice died away in a whisper.

- The Liberal Democrat's support fell away at the last minute.

ADV: ADV after v

9. away
You use away to show that there has been a change or development from one state or situation to another.

- British courts are increasingly moving away from sending young offenders to prison.

- There's been a dramatic shift away from traditional careers towards business and commerce.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV, oft ADV prep
≠ towards

10. away
You can use away to emphasize a continuous or repeated action.

- He would often be working away on his word processor late into the night.

- She sighed, her heart banging away against her ribs as she opened the door.

ADV: ADV after v emphasis

11. away
You use away to show that something is removed.

- If you take my work away I can't be happy anymore.

- The waitress whipped the plate away and put down my bill.

- Weeks of heavy rain have washed away roads and bridges.

ADV: ADV after v

away

adverb

1.

off

abroad

elsewhere

from here

from home

hence

2.

at a distance

apart

far

remote

3.

aside

out of the way

to one side

4.

continuously

incessantly

interminably

relentlessly

repeatedly

uninterruptedly

unremittingly

adjective

5.

not present

abroad

absent

elsewhere

gone

not at home

not here

out

awe

[D.J.:ɔ:]

[K.K.:ɔ]

n.

敬畏, 惊惧

vt.

使敬畏, 使惊惧

awed

[ɔ:d]

adj.

充满敬畏的,表示敬畏的

awe *

1. awe
Awe is the feeling of respect and amazement that you have when you are faced with something wonderful and often rather frightening.

- She gazed in awe at the great stones.

- His fellow officers regarded him with awe as some sort of genius.

- She filled me with a sense of awe.

N-UNCOUNT

2. awe awes awed
If you are awed by someone or something, they make you feel respectful and amazed, though often rather frightened.

- I am still awed by David's courage.

- The crowd listened in awed silence.

VB: usu passive, no cont

3. awe
If you are in awe of someone or if you stand in awe of them, you have a lot of respect for them and are slightly afraid of them.

- Caroline hardly dared talk in Alex's presence, she was so in awe of him.

PHR: V inflects

awe

noun

1.

wonder

admiration

amazement

astonishment

dread

fear

horror

respect

reverence

terror

verb

2.

impress

amaze

astonish

frighten

horrify

intimidate

stun

terrify

awe-inspiring

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ɪnˌspaɪərɪŋ]

[K.K.: ˈɔɪnˌspaɪrɪŋ]

adj.

令人起敬畏心的;令人畏惧的；令人惊叹的

awe-inspiring

awe-inspiring
If you describe someone or something as awe-inspiring , you are emphasizing that you think that they are remarkable and amazing, although sometimes rather frightening.

- ...a museum with an awe-inspiring display of jewellery...

- The higher we climbed, the more awe-inspiring the scenery became.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis

awesome

[D.J.:ˈɔ:səm]

[K.K.:ˈɔsəm]

adj.

令人敬畏的; 使人畏惧的; 可怕的

棒极了

awesome *

1. awesome
An awesome person or thing is very impressive and often frightening.

- The church in Ireland has always exercised an awesome power.

- ...the awesome responsibility of sending men into combat.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. awesomely

- It was quiet in the streets, awesomely quiet.

ADV: usu ADV adj

awesome

adjective

awe-inspiring

amazing

astonishing

breathtaking

formidable

impressive

intimidating

stunning

awestruck

[ˈɔ:strʌk]

adj.

敬畏的,肃然起敬的

awestruck

awestruck
If someone is awestruck , they are very impressed and amazed by something. (WRITTEN)

- I stood and gazed at him, awestruck that anyone could be so beautiful.

ADJ-GRADED also awe-struck

awful

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ful]

[K.K.:ˈɔfəl]

adj.

糟糕的, 可怕的, 惊人的

非常的, 极大的

awfully

[D.J.:ˈɔ:flɪ]

adv.

<口>恶劣地;令人嫌恶地

<古>令人畏惧地；令人敬畏地

很,非常

awfulness

n.

威严,庄严,不高兴

awful ***

1. awful
If you say that someone or something is awful , you dislike that person or thing or you think that they are not very good.

- We met and I thought he was awful.

- I couldn't stand London! Bloody awful place.

- ...an awful smell of paint...

- Even if the weather's awful there's lots to do.

- Jeans look awful on me.

ADJ-GRADED
= dreadful ≠ wonderful

2. awfulness

- The programme's awfulness has ensured it is talked about.

N-UNCOUNT

3. awful
If you say that something is awful , you mean that it is extremely unpleasant, shocking, or bad.

- Her injuries were massive. It was awful.

- Some of their offences are so awful they would chill the blood.

ADJ-GRADED
= horrific

4. awful
If you look or feel awful , you look or feel ill.

- I hardly slept at all and felt pretty awful.

- I looked awful and felt quite shaky.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= terrible

5. awful
You can use awful with noun groups that refer to an amount in order to emphasize how large that amount is.

- I've got an awful lot of work to do.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= tremendous

6. awfully

- The caramel looks awfully good.

- `I'm awfully sorry,' she told him regretfully.

- Would you mind awfully waiting a bit, I'll be back right away.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/adv
= terribly

7. awful
You can use awful with adjectives that describe a quality in order to emphasize that particular quality. (AM, INFORMAL)

- Gosh, you're awful pretty.

- You know, 10 years sounds like an awful long time.

ADV: ADV adj emphasis
= very

awful

adjective

1.

terrible

abysmal

appalling

deplorable

dreadful

frightful

ghastly

horrendous

2.

awe-inspiring

awesome

fearsome

majestic

solemn

awfully

adverb Obsolete

1.

badly

disgracefully

dreadfully

reprehensibly

unforgivably

unpleasantly

woefully

wretchedly

2.

very

dreadfully

exceedingly

exceptionally

extremely

greatly

immensely

terribly

awhile

[D.J.:əˈhwaɪl, əˈwaɪl]

[K.K.:əˈhwaɪl, əˈwaɪl]

adv.

暂时,片刻

awhile *

1. awhile
Awhile means for a short time. It is more commonly spelled `a while', which is considered more correct, especially in British English.

- He worked awhile as a pharmacist in Cincinnati.

ADV: usu ADV after v

2. awhile
Also a noun.

- Authorities had been looking for him for awhile and he finally turned himself in late last night.

N-UNCOUNT

awkward

[D.J.:ˈɔ:kwəd]

[K.K.:ˈɔkwəd]

adj.

笨拙的, 不灵活的

难操纵的, 使用不便的

尴尬的, 棘手的

awkwardly

[D.J.:ˈ ɔ:k wɜ:dlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈ ɔk wə..dlɪ]

adv.

难看地;不雅观地

笨拙地;无技巧地

困难地;危险地

不方便地;不舒服地

尴尬地;难堪地

awkwardness

[D.J.:ˈ ɔ:k wədnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈ ɔk wɚdnɪs]

n.

笨拙;粗劣

难为情;尴尬

awkward **

1. awkward
An awkward situation is embarrassing and difficult to deal with.

- I was the first to ask him awkward questions but there'll be harder ones to come.

- There was an awkward moment as couples decided whether to stand next to their partners.

ADJ-GRADED
= tricky ≠ easy

2. awkwardly

- There was an awkwardly long silence.

- ...an awkwardly timed meeting.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

3. awkward
Something that is awkward to use or carry is difficult to use or carry because of its design. A job that is awkward is difficult to do.

- It was small but heavy enough to make it awkward to carry.

- Full-size tripods can be awkward, especially if you're shooting a low-level subject.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to-inf
= tricky ≠ easy

4. awkwardly

- The autoexposure button is awkwardly placed under the lens release button.

ADV: ADV -ed

5. awkward
An awkward movement or position is uncomfortable or clumsy.

- Amy made an awkward gesture with her hands.

ADJ-GRADED

6. awkwardly

- He fell awkwardly and went down in agony clutching his right knee.

- He lay beside her awkwardly, propped on an elbow.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

7. awkward
Someone who feels awkward behaves in a shy or embarrassed way.

- Women frequently say that they feel awkward taking the initiative in sex.

- He was rather awkward with his godson.

ADJ-GRADED
= uncomfortable ≠ at ease

8. awkwardly

- `This is Malcolm,' the girl said awkwardly, to fill the silence.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

9. awkwardness

- He displayed all the awkwardness of adolescence.

N-UNCOUNT

10. awkward
If you say that someone is awkward , you are critical of them because you find them unreasonable and difficult to live with or deal with.

- She's got to an age where she is being awkward.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

awkward

adjective Informal

1.

clumsy

gauche

gawky

inelegant

lumbering

uncoordinated

ungainly

2.

unmanageable

clunky informal

cumbersome

difficult

inconvenient

troublesome

unwieldy

3.

embarrassing

delicate

difficult

ill at ease

inconvenient

uncomfortable

awkwardness

noun

1.

clumsiness

gawkiness

inelegance

ungainliness

2.

unwieldiness

difficulty

inconvenience

3.

embarrassment

delicacy

difficulty

inconvenience

awning

[D.J.:ˈɔ:nŋ]

n.

布做的凉篷；遮篷；雨篷

(甲板等上的)天篷

awning

awning awnings
An awning is a piece of material attached to a caravan or building which provides shelter from the rain or sun.
N-COUNT
= canopy

AWOL

[D.J.:ˈeɪˌwɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈeˌwɔl]

abbr.

absent without leave 擅离职守的

AWOL

[D.J.:ˈeiwə:l]

[K.K.:ˈeˌwɔl]

abbr.

absent without leave 擅离职守的

AWOL

1. AWOL
AWOL is an abbreviation for `absent without leave'. If someone in the Armed Forces goes AWOL , they leave their post without the permission of a superior officer.

- The troops went AWOL to express their complaints about the camp.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

2. AWOL
If you say that someone has gone AWOL , you mean that they have disappeared without telling anyone where they were going. (INFORMAL)

- His real father had gone AWOL about 17 years earlier, and after that his mother had remarried.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

awry

[D.J.:əˈraɪ]

[K.K.:əˈraɪ]

adv.

曲；斜；歪

出错；失误

adj.

扭曲；斜；歪

awry

1. awry
If something goes awry , it does not happen in the way it was planned.

- She was in a fury over a plan that had gone awry.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

2. awry
If something is awry , it is not in its normal or proper position. (WRITTEN)

- His dark hair was all awry.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= askew

axe

[D.J.:æks]

[K.K.:æks]

n.

斧子

axes

[D.J.:ˈæksi:z]

[K.K.:ˈækˌsiz]

n.

轴

axis

[D.J.:ˈæksis]

[K.K.:ˈæksɪs]

n.

轴

轴线, 中心线

坐标轴, 基准线

axe **

1. axe axes
An axe is a tool used for cutting wood. It consists of a heavy metal blade which is sharp at one edge and attached by its other edge to the end of a long handle.
N-COUNT (AM) ax

2. axe axes axing axed
If someone's job or something such as a public service or a television programme is axed , it is ended suddenly and without discussion.

- Community projects are being axed by hard-pressed social services departments.

VB: usu passive (AM) ax
= cut

3. axe
If a person or institution is facing the axe , that person is likely to lose their job or that institution is likely to be closed, usually in order to save money. (JOURNALISM)

- St Bartholomew's is one of four London hospitals facing the axe.

N-SING: the N (AM) ax

4. axe
If someone has an axe to grind , they are doing something for selfish reasons. (INFORMAL)

- He seems like a decent bloke and I've got no axe to grind with him.

PHR (AM) ax disapproval

axes

1. axes
Axes is the plural of axe .

2. axes
Axes is the plural of axis .

axis *

1. axis axes
An axis is an imaginary line through the middle of something.
N-COUNT

2. axis axes
An axis of a graph is one of the two lines on which the scales of measurement are marked.
N-COUNT

axe

noun

1.

hatchet

adze

chopper

the axe

2.

the sack informal

dismissal

termination

the boot slang

the chop slang

verb

3.

cut back

cancel

dismiss

dispense with

eliminate

fire informal

get rid of

remove

sack informal

axis

noun

pivot

axle

centre line

shaft

spindle

axiom

[D.J.:ˈæksi:əm]

[K.K.:ˈæksiəm]

n.

公理；自明之理

原理,原则,规律

格言

axiom

axiom axioms
An axiom is a statement or idea which people accept as being true. (FORMAL)

- ...the long-held axiom that education leads to higher income.

N-COUNT: oft N that
= principle

axiom

noun Informal

principle

adage

aphorism

dictum

maxim

precept

truism

axiomatic

[D.J.:ˌæksi:əˈmætɪk]

[K.K.:ˌæksiəˈmætɪk]

adj.

<正>公理的；不证自明的

原则的

格言的;充满格言的

axiomatic

axiomatic
If something is axiomatic , it seems to be obviously true. (FORMAL)

- It is axiomatic that as people grow older they generally become less agile.

ADJ: oft it v-link ADJ that
= manifest

axiomatic

adjective

self-evident

accepted

assumed

certain

given

granted

manifest

understood

axle

[D.J.:ˈæksəl]

[K.K.:ˈæksəl]

n.

轮轴,车轴

axle *

axle axles
An axle is a rod connecting a pair of wheels on a car or other vehicle.
N-COUNT

axle

noun

shaft

axis

pin

pivot

rod

spindle

ayatollah

[D.J.:ˌaɪəˈtəʊlə, -təʊˈlɑ:]

[K.K.:ˌaɪəˈtolə, -toˈlɑ]

n.

〈伊斯兰〉阿亚图拉

ayatollah

ayatollah
An ayatollah is a type of Muslim religious leader.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

aye

[D.J.:aɪ]

[K.K.:aɪ]

int.

(在表决时或海员中使用)是!赞成!对！

(海员等回答上级命令时说)明白

n.

赞成票, 投票赞成者

肯定的回答

[D.J.:eɪ]

[K.K.:ｅ]

adv.

永恒地, 永远地, 永久地

aye *

1. aye
Aye means yes; used in some dialects of British English.

- `Do you remember your first day at school?' --- `Oh aye. Yeah.'

CONVENTION also ay

2. aye
If you vote aye , you vote in favour of something.
ADV also ay

3. aye ayes
The ayes are the people who vote in favour of something.
N-PLURAL: the N also ay
≠ noes

azalea

[D.J.:əˈzeiliə]

[K.K.:əˈzeljə]

n.

杜鹃花

azalea

azalea azaleas
An azalea is a woody plant with shiny, dark-green leaves which produces many brightly-coloured flowers in the spring.
N-COUNT

B

[bi:]

n.

字母B

b

abbr.

生于

luòquè,B8,BL8

络却

B, b

1. B, b B's, b's
B is the second letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

2. B, b B's, b's
In music, B is the seventh note in the scale of C major.
N-VAR

3. B, b B's, b's
If you get a B as a mark for a piece of work or in an exam, your work is good.
N-VAR

4. B, b
B or b is used as an abbreviation for words beginning with b, for example `born'.

BA

abbr.

(=Bank of America) 美洲银行

(=Bureau of Accounts) (美国)(财政部)会计局

BA *

1. BA BAs
A BA is a first degree in an arts or social science subject. BA is an abbreviation for `Bachelor of Arts'.

- I did a BA in film making.

N-COUNT The spelling B.A. is also used, especially in American English.

2. BA
BA is written after someone's name to indicate that they have a BA.

- ...Helen Rich, BA (Hons).

The spelling B.A. is also used, especially in American English.

babble

[D.J.:ˈbæbəl]

[K.K.:ˈbæbəl]

vi.

含糊不清地说话

喋喋不休；胡言乱语;说蠢话;唠叨

作潺潺声(如流水)

泄漏秘密

vt.

含糊不清地说

喋喋不休地说

随口泄漏

n.

听不清的声音

乱哄哄的说话声

胡言乱语

潺潺声

<电信>集扰；多路感应的复杂失真

潺潺声

babbling

n.

胡说,婴儿发出的咿哑声

adj.

胡说的

babble *

1. babble babbles babbling babbled
If someone babbles , they talk in a confused or excited way.

- Momma babbled on and on about how he was ruining me.

- They all babbled simultaneously.

- `Er, hello, viewers,' he babbled.

VB

2. babble
You can refer to people's voices as a babble of sound when they are excited and confused, preventing you from understanding what they are saying.

- Kemp knocked loudly so as to be heard above the high babble of voices.

- They began to curse and shout in a babble of languages.

N-SING: usu N of n
= hubbub babel

babble

verb

1.

gabble

burble

chatter

jabber

prattle

waffle informal chiefly Brit.

2.

gibber

gurgle

noun

3.

gabble

burble

drivel

gibberish

waffle informal chiefly Brit.

babe

[D.J.:beɪb]

[K.K.:beb]

n.

<书>婴儿

<美俚>姑娘,宝贝,小妞儿

a babe in arms

需要人抱的婴儿

无助的人；没有经验的人；单纯的人

a babe in the woods

无生活经验(或知识)而容易轻信别人的人；不懂世故的人

babe *

1. babe babes
Some people use babe as an affectionate way of addressing someone they love. (AM, INFORMAL)

- I'm sorry, babe. I didn't mean it.

N-VOC feelings
= honey

2. babe babes
Some men refer to an attractive young woman as a babe . This use could cause offence. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

3. babe babes
A babe is the same as a baby. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...newborn babes.

N-COUNT

babel

[D.J.:ˈbeibəl]

[K.K.:ˈbæbəl, ˈbebəl]

n.

嘈杂声

babel

babel
If there is a babel of voices, you hear a lot of people talking at the same time, so that you cannot understand what they are saying.

- The babel inside the bus was incredible.

N-SING
= babble hubbub

baboon

[D.J.:bəˈbu:n]

[K.K.:bæˈbun]

n.

狒狒

baboon

baboon baboons
A baboon is a large monkey that lives in Africa.
N-COUNT

baby

[D.J.:ˈbeibi]

[K.K.:ˈbebi]

n.

婴儿

vt.

把…当作婴孩看待, 娇养

baby ****

1. baby babies
A baby is a very young child, especially one that cannot yet walk or talk.

- She used to take care of me when I was a baby.

- My wife has just had a baby.

- Claire had to dress her baby sister.

N-COUNT

2. baby babies
A baby animal is a very young animal.

- ...a baby elephant.

- ...baby birds.

N-COUNT: usu N n

3. baby
Baby vegetables are vegetables picked when they are very small.

- Serve with baby new potatoes.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. baby
Some people use baby as an affectionate way of addressing someone, especially a young woman, or referring to them. (INFORMAL)

- You have to wake up now, baby.

- He was confused, poor baby.

N-VOC; N-COUNT: usu sing
= love

5. baby
If you throw the baby out with the bath water , you lose the good parts of something as well as the bad parts, because you reject it as a whole instead of just removing what is bad. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects

6. baby
If you are left holding the baby , you are put in a situation where you are responsible for something, often in an unfair way because other people fail or refuse to take responsibility for it. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use be left holding the bag )

- You go off round the world, and leave me to hold the baby.

PHR: V inflects

baby

noun

1.

infant

babe

babe in arms

bairn Scot.

child

newborn child

adjective

2.

small

little

mini

miniature

minute

teeny-weeny

tiny

wee

baby boom

baby boom baby booms
A baby boom is a period of time when a lot of babies are born in a particular place. (INFORMAL)

- I'm a product of the postwar baby boom.

N-COUNT: usu sing

baby boomer

baby boomer baby boomers
A baby boomer is someone who was born during a baby boom, especially during the years after the end of the Second World War. (INFORMAL, mainly JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT: oft N n also baby-boomer .

baby buggy

1. baby buggy baby buggies
A baby buggy is a small folding seat with wheels, which a young child can sit in and which can be pushed around. (BRIT; in AM use stroller )
N-COUNT
= stroller pushchair

2. baby buggy baby buggies
A baby buggy is another word for a baby carriage . (AM)
N-COUNT

baby carriage

baby carriage baby carriages
A baby carriage is a small vehicle in which a baby can lie as it is pushed along. (AM; in BRIT use pram )
N-COUNT

babyhood

[D.J.:ˈbeɪbɪˌhʊd]

[K.K.:ˈbebɪˌhʊd]

n.

婴儿时代,幼儿期

babyhood

babyhood
Your babyhood is the period of your life when you were a baby.
N-UNCOUNT

babyish

[D.J.:ˈbeɪbɪɪʃ]

adj.

婴儿的;婴儿般的;稚气的

幼稚的;稚气的

babyish

babyish
Babyish actions, feelings, or looks are like a baby's, or are immature.

- ...babyish behaviour.

- ...a fat, babyish face...

- I'm ashamed of the babyish nonsense I write.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

babyish

adjective

childish

foolish

immature

infantile

juvenile

puerile

sissy

spoiled

babysat

v.

担任临时保姆,照顾婴儿

babysit

[ˈbæbiˌsit]

vi.

临时受雇代外出的父母照料小孩

babysitter

n.

临时照顾幼儿者

babysit *

1. babysit babysits babysitting babysat
If you babysit for someone or babysit their children, you look after their children while they are out.

- I promised to babysit for Mrs Plunkett.

- My friend asked me to babysit for her six-month-old son.

- You can take it in turns to babysit.

- She had been babysitting him and his four-year-old sister.

VB
= mind

2. babysitter

- It can be difficult to find a good babysitter.

N-COUNT

3. babysitting

- Would you like me to do any babysitting?

N-UNCOUNT

baby talk

baby talk
Baby talk is the language used by babies when they are just learning to speak, or the way in which some adults speak when they are talking to babies.

- Maria was talking baby talk to the little one.

N-UNCOUNT also baby-talk .

baccalaureate

[D.J.:ˌbækəˈlɔ:riət]

[K.K.:ˌbækəˈlɔriɪt]

n.

(法国等国家以及一些国际学校的)中学毕业会考

(美国为中学或大学毕业生举行的)宗教礼仪, 布道

baccalaureate

1. baccalaureate
The baccalaureate is an examination taken by students at the age of eighteen in France and some other countries.
N-SING

2. baccalaureate
In the United States, a baccalaureate service or address is a service that is held or a talk that is given during the ceremony when students receive their degrees.
N-COUNT: usu N n

bachelor

[D.J.:ˈbætʃələ]

[K.K.:ˈbætʃəlɚ, ˈbætʃlɚ]

n.

单身男子, 单身汉

学士; 学士学位

bachelor *

bachelor bachelors
A bachelor is a man who has never married.
N-COUNT

Bachelor of Arts

Bachelor of Arts Bachelors of Arts
A Bachelor of Arts is a first degree in an arts or social science subject. In British English, it can also mean a person with that degree. The abbreviation BA or B.A. is also used.
N-COUNT

Bachelor of Science

Bachelor of Science Bachelors of Science
A Bachelor of Science is a first degree in a science subject. In British English, it can also mean a person with that degree. The abbreviation BSc or B.Sc. is also used.
N-COUNT

bachelor's degree

bachelor's degree bachelor's degrees
A bachelor's degree is a first degree awarded by universities.
N-COUNT
See also BA , BSc .

bacilli

[bəˈsilai]

n.

细菌,杆菌

bacillus

[D.J.:bəˈsiləs]

[K.K.:bəˈsɪləs]

n.

杆菌

bacillus

bacillus bacilli
A bacillus is any bacterium that has a long, thin shape.
N-COUNT

back

[D.J.:bæk]

[K.K.:bæk]

n.

背, 背部

后部, 后面

背面, 反面

vt. & vi.

(使)后退, (使)倒退

vt.

作…的衬里

支持

adj.

后边的, 背后的

以前的, 过去的

adv.

还, 回, 往后退

向后面, 后仰着

回原处, 恢复原状

从前, 回到(从前)

backed

[D.J.:bækt]

[K.K.:bækt]

adj.

有背的,有财力支持的

backing

[D.J.:ˈbækɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbækɪŋ]

n.

支持,帮助,资助

支持者

背衬,衬垫物

<美口>(独唱或独奏的)伴奏

<摄>照相底板

backings

背衬木

back 1 adverb uses *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, back is also used in phrasal verbs such as `date back' and `fall back on'.)

1. back
If you move back , you move in the opposite direction to the one in which you are facing or in which you were moving before.

- The photographers drew back to let Thorne and Abbot view the body.

- She stepped back from the door expectantly.

- He pushed her away and she fell back on the wooden bench.

- She pushes back her chair and stands.

ADV: ADV after v, oft ADV prep
= backwards ≠ forwards

2. back
If you go back somewhere, you return to where you were before.

- I went back to bed.

- I'm due back in London by late afternoon.

- Smith changed his mind and moved back home.

- I'll be back as soon as I can.

- He made a round-trip to the terminal and back.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, oft ADV prep/adv

3. back
If someone or something is back in a particular state, they were in that state before and are now in it again.

- The rail company said it expected services to get slowly back to normal.

- Denise hopes to be back at work by the time her daughter is one.

- Having recently bought an old typewriter, I am now trying to bring it back into working order.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, oft ADV prep

4. back
If you give or put something back , you return it to the person who had it or to the place where it was before you took it. If you get or take something back , you then have it again after not having it for a while.

- She handed the knife back.

- Put it back in the freezer.

- You'll get your money back.

ADV: ADV after v, oft ADV prep

5. back
If you put a clock or watch back , you change the time shown on it so that it shows an earlier time, for example when the time changes to winter time or standard time.
ADV: ADV after v

6. back
If you write or call back , you write to or telephone someone after they have written to or telephoned you. If you look back at someone, you look at them after they have started looking at you.

- They wrote back to me and they told me that I didn't have to do it.

- If the phone rings say you'll call back after dinner.

- Lee looked at Theodora. She stared back.

ADV: ADV after v, oft ADV prep

7. back
You can say that you go or come back to a particular point in a conversation to show that you are mentioning or discussing it again.

- Can I come back to the question of policing once again?.

- To come back to what I said in the Introduction, in the nineteenth century Spain was fully a part of Europe.

- Going back to the school, how many staff are there?

ADV: ADV after v, ADV to n

8. back
If something is or comes back , it is fashionable again after it has been unfashionable for some time.

- Black is back.

- Consensus politics could easily come back into fashion.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, oft ADV prep

9. back
If someone or something is kept or situated back from a place, they are at a distance away from it.

- Keep back from the edge of the platform.

- I'm a few miles back from the border.

- He started for Dot's bedroom and Myrtle held him back.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, oft ADV from n

10. back
If something is held or tied back , it is held or tied so that it does not hang loosely over something.

- Her hair was tied back.

- The curtains were held back by tassels.

ADV: ADV after v

11. back
If you lie or sit back , you move your body backwards into a relaxed sloping or flat position, with your head and body resting on something.

- She lay back and stared at the ceiling.

- She leaned back in her chair and smiled.

ADV: ADV after v
≠ forward

12. back
If you look or shout back at someone or something, you turn to look or shout at them when they are behind you.

- Nick looked back over his shoulder and then stopped, frowning.

- He called back to her.

ADV: ADV after v, oft ADV prep

13. back
You use back in expressions like back in London or back at the house when you are giving an account, to show that you are going to start talking about what happened or was happening in the place you mention.

- Meanwhile, back in London, Palace Pictures was collapsing.

- Later, back at home, the telephone rang.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV prep

14. back
If you talk about something that happened back in the past or several years back , you are emphasizing that it happened quite a long time ago.

- The story starts back in 1950, when I was five.

- I was in St. Lucia back in January of this year.

- Mr Davis was wounded in that terrorist attack a few years back.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV prep, n ADV emphasis

15. back
If you think back to something that happened in the past, you remember it or try to remember it.

- I thought back to the time in 1975 when my son was desperately ill.

- My mind flew back to stories I had heard about Vinnie.

ADV: ADV after v, ADV to n

16. back
If someone moves back and forth , they repeatedly move in one direction and then in the opposite direction.

- He paced back and forth.

- Two boys were in the street, tossing a baseball back and forth.

PHR: PHR after v

back 2 opposite of front; noun and adjective uses *****

1. back backs
A person's or animal's back is the part of their body between their head and their legs that is on the opposite side to their chest and stomach.

- Her son was lying peacefully on his back.

- She turned her back to the audience.

- Three of the victims were shot in the back.

- He threw the old cloth saddle across the donkey's back.

N-COUNT: oft poss N
≠ front

2. back backs
The back of something is the side or part of it that is towards the rear or farthest from the front. The back of something is normally not used or seen as much as the front.

- ...a room at the back of the shop...

- She raised her hands to the back of her neck.

- Smooth the mixture with the back of a soup spoon.

- Her room was on the third floor, at the back.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft the N of n
≠ front

3. back
Back is used to refer to the side or part of something that is towards the rear or farthest from the front.

- He opened the back door.

- Ann could remember sitting in the back seat of their car.

- ...the back room of a pub in Camden.

- ...the path leading to the back garden.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ front

4. back backs
The back of a chair or sofa is the part that you lean against when you sit on it.

- There was a neatly folded pink sweater on the back of the chair.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

5. back backs
The back of something such as a piece of paper or an envelope is the side which is less important.

- Send your answers on the back of a postcard or sealed, empty envelope.

N-COUNT: the N, usu sing
≠ front

6. back backs
The back of a book is the part nearest the end, where you can find the index or the notes, for example.

- The index at the back of the book lists both brand and generic names.

- You've given a whole list of names and addresses at the back.

N-COUNT: the N, usu sing
≠ front

7. back
You can use back in expressions such as round the back and out the back to refer generally to the area behind a house or other building. (BRIT, SPOKEN)

- He had chickens and things round the back.

- The privy's out the back.

N-SING: prep the N

8. back
You use back in expressions such as out back to refer to the area behind a house or other building. You also use in back to refer to the rear part of something, especially a car or building. (AM)

- Dan informed her that he would be out back on the patio cleaning his shoes.

- Catlett got behind the wheel and I sat in back.

- She hurried to the kitchen in back of the store.

N-UNCOUNT: prep N, oft N of n

9. back backs
In team games such as soccer and hockey, a back is a player who is concerned mainly with preventing the other team from scoring goals, rather than scoring goals for their own team.
N-COUNT
= defender ≠ forward

10. back backs
In American football, a back is a player who stands behind the front line, runs with the ball and attacks rather than defends.
N-COUNT

11. back
If you say that something was done behind someone's back , you disapprove of it because it was done without them knowing about it, in an unfair or dishonest way.

- You eat her food, enjoy her hospitality and then criticize her behind her back.

PHR: PHR after v disapproval

12. back
If you break the back of a task or problem, you do the most difficult part of what is necessary to complete the task or solve the problem.

- It seems at least that we've broken the back of inflation in this country.

- We can deliver supplies and work to break the back of the famine.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

13. back
If you are wearing something back to front , you are wearing it with the back of it at the front of your body. If you do something back to front , you do it the wrong way around, starting with the part that should come last. (mainly BRIT; in AM use backward )

- He wears his baseball cap back to front.

- The picture was printed back to front.

PHR: PHR after v
= backwards

14. back
If you tell someone to get off your back , you are telling them angrily to stop criticizing you or putting pressure on you. (INFORMAL)

- He kept on at me to such an extent that occasionally I wished he would get off my back.

PHR: V inflects

15. back
People say ` You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours ' to mean that one person helps another on condition that the second person helps them in return. (INFORMAL)
PHR

16. back
If you say that you will be glad to see the back of someone, you mean that you want them to leave. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I was so badly behaved I was convinced she would be glad to see the back of me.

PHR: PHR n

17. back
If you turn your back on someone or something, you ignore them, leave them, or reject them.

- Stacey Lattisaw has turned her back on her singing career with Motown Records to become a gospel singer.

- Gunnell is not the sort to turn her back on someone who has coached her for 12 years.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= abandon

18. back
If someone or something puts your back up or gets your back up , they annoy you. (INFORMAL)

- Some food labelling practices really get my back up.

PHR: V inflects
= irritate

back 3 verb uses *****

1. back backs backing backed
If a building backs onto something, the back of it faces in the direction of that thing or touches the edge of that thing.

- We live in a ground floor flat which backs onto a busy street.

- His garden backs onto a school.

VB

2. back backs backing backed
When you back a car or other vehicle somewhere or when it backs somewhere, it moves backwards.

- He backed his car out of the drive.

- The train backed out of Adelaide Yard on to the Dublin-Belfast line.

- I heard the engines revving as the lorries backed and turned.

V-ERG
= reverse

3. back backs backing backed
If you back a person or a course of action, you support them, for example by voting for them or giving them money.

- His defence says it has found a new witness to back his claim that he is a victim of mistaken identity.

- ...if France cannot persuade all five permanent members of the Security Council to back the plan...

- The Prime Minister is backed by the civic movement, Public Against Violence.

VB
= support

4. -backed

- ...government-backed loans to Egypt.

COMB in ADJ

5. back backs backing backed
If you back a particular person, team, or horse in a competition, you predict that they will win, and usually you bet money that they will win.

- Roland Nilsson last night backed Sheffield Wednesday to win the UEFA Cup.

- The horse's owner Mr Hitchins backed him at 200-1 to finish in the first three.

- It is upsetting to discover that you have backed a loser.

VB

6. back backs backing backed
If a singer is backed by a band or by other singers, they provide the musical background for the singer.

- She chose to be backed by a classy trio of acoustic guitar, bass and congas.

VB: usu passive
= support

backing ***

1. backing
If someone has the backing of an organization or an important person, they receive support or money from that organization or person in order to do something.

- He said the president had the full backing of his government to negotiate a deal.

- Mr Bach set up his own consulting business with the backing of his old boss.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of/for n
= support

2. backing backings
A backing is a layer of something such as cloth that is put onto the back of something in order to strengthen or protect it.
N-VAR

3. backing backings
The backing of a popular song is the music which is sung or played to accompany the main tune.

- Sharon also sang backing vocals for Barry Manilow.

- Tapes provided the backing.

N-COUNT: oft N n
= support

back

noun

1.

rear

end

far end

hind part

hindquarters

reverse

stern

tail end

behind one's back

2.

secretly

covertly

deceitfully

sneakily

surreptitiously

verb

3.

move back

back off

backtrack

go back

retire

retreat

reverse

turn tail

withdraw

4.

support

advocate

assist

champion

endorse

promote

sponsor

adjective

5.

rear

end

hind

hindmost

posterior

tail

6.

previous

delayed

earlier

elapsed

former

overdue

past

backing

noun

support

aid

assistance

encouragement

endorsement

moral support

patronage

sponsorship

back away *****

1. back away backs away; backing away; backed away
If you back away from a commitment that you made or something that you were involved with in the past, you try to show that you are no longer committed to it or involved with it.

- The company backed away from plans to cut their pay by 15%.

- He's backing away from the policies and style of his predecessor.

- Until yesterday, Britain had backed away because it didn't like the cost.

PHR-V
= retreat withdraw

2. back away backs away; backing away; backed away
If you back away , you walk backwards away from someone or something, often because you are frightened of them.

- James got to his feet and started to come over, but the girls hastily backed away.

PHR-V
= retreat

back down *****

back down backs down; backing down; backed down
If you back down , you withdraw a claim, demand, or commitment that you made earlier, because other people are strongly opposed to it.

- The United States had no intention of backing down in its bitter row with the European Community over farm subsidies.

- It's too late to back down now.

- He had to back down on plans to backdate the tax changes.

PHR-V
= abandon

back down

verb

give in

accede

admit defeat

back-pedal

concede

surrender

withdraw

yield

back off *****

1. back off backs off; backing off; backed off
If you back off , you move away in order to avoid problems or a fight.

- They backed off in horror.

PHR-V

2. back off backs off; backing off; backed off
If you back off from a claim, demand, or commitment that you made earlier, or if you back off it, you withdraw it.

- A spokesman says the president has backed off from his threat to boycott the conference.

- The union has publicly backed off that demand.

PHR-V

3. back off backs off; backing off; backed off
If you tell someone to back off , you are telling them to stop interfering. (INFORMAL)

- Back off, Mom, I'm old enough to make my own decisions!

PHR-V: usu imper

back out *****

back out backs out; backing out; backed out
If you back out , you decide not to do something that you previously agreed to do.

- The Hungarians backed out of the project in 1989 on environmental grounds.

- Wells was supposed to put up half the money, but later backed out.

PHR-V
= pull out

back out

verb

often with of

withdraw

abandon

cancel

give up

go back on

resign

retreat

back up *****

1. back up backs up; backing up; backed up
If someone or something backs up a statement, they supply evidence to suggest that it is true.

- Radio signals received from the galaxy's centre back up the black hole theory.

- Her views are backed up by a 1989 Home Office report on crime.

PHR-V
= support

2. back up backs up; backing up; backed up
If an idea or intention is backed up by action, action is taken to support or confirm it.

- The Secretary General says the declaration must now be backed up by concrete and effective actions.

- It is time the Government backed up its advert campaigns with tougher measures.

PHR-V

3. back up backs up; backing up; backed up
If you back someone up , you show your support for them.

- His employers, Norfolk social services, backed him up.

PHR-V

4. back up backs up; backing up; backed up
If you back someone up , you help them by confirming that what they are saying is true, even if you know it is not true.

- The girl denied being there, and the man backed her up.

PHR-V

5. back up backs up; backing up; backed up
If you back up , the car or other vehicle that you are driving moves back a short distance.

- Back up, Hans.

- He backed up a few feet and rolled the window down.

- A police van drove through the protesters and backed up to the front door of the house.

PHR-V
= reverse

6. back up backs up; backing up; backed up
If vehicles back up , they form a line of traffic which has to wait before it can move on.

- Traffic into London on the M11 was backed up for several miles.

PHR-V

7. back up backs up; backing up; backed up
If you back up , you move backwards a short distance.

- I backed up carefully until I felt the wall against my back.

- She backed up a few steps.

PHR-V

back up

verb

support

aid

assist

bolster

confirm

corroborate

reinforce

second

stand by

substantiate

backache

[D.J.:ˈbækˌeɪk]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌek]

n.

背痛;腰痛

backache

backache backaches
Backache is a dull pain in your back.
N-VAR

backbench

[D.J.:ˌbækˈbentʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌbɛntʃ]

n.

后座议员席位

backbench

backbench
A backbench MP is a Member of Parliament who is not a minister and who does not hold an official position in his or her political party. (BRIT, AUSTRALIAN)

- ...the Conservative backbench MP Sir Teddy Taylor...

- Such a motion is considered a test of backbench opinion.

ADJ: ADJ n

backbencher

[ˌbækˈbentʃə]

n.

后座议员

backbencher *

backbencher backbenchers
A backbencher is a Member of Parliament who is not a minister and who does not hold an official position in their political party. (BRIT)

- ...a senior Conservative backbencher.

N-COUNT

backbenches

backbenches
The backbenches are the seats in the British House of Commons where backbenchers sit. The Members of Parliament who sit on the backbenches are also referred to as the backbenches . (BRIT)

- It is not just the issue of Europe that is creating unrest on the backbenches.

N-PLURAL: usu the N

backbiting

n.

诽谤,中伤

backbiting

backbiting
If you accuse someone of backbiting , you mean that they say unpleasant or unkind things about someone who is not present, especially in order to stop them doing well at work.

- Corporate backbiting is nothing new.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

backbiting

noun

slander

bitchiness slang

cattiness informal

defamation

disparagement

gossip

malice

scandalmongering

spitefulness

backbone

[D.J.:ˈbækˌbəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌbon]

n.

脊骨,脊柱

脊骨状物；(船的)龙骨；<美>书脊

骨干,支柱,主力,中坚

骨气;毅力

backbone *

1. backbone backbones
Your backbone is the column of small linked bones down the middle of your back.
N-COUNT
= spine

2. backbone
The backbone of an organization or system is the part of it that gives it its main strength.

- The small business people of Britain are the economic backbone of the nation.

N-SING: usu with poss

3. backbone
If you say that someone has no backbone , you think they do not have the courage to do things which need to be done.

- You might be taking drastic measures and you've got to have the backbone to do that.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with brd-neg
= spine

backbone

noun

1.

spinal column

spine

vertebrae

vertebral column

2.

strength of character

character

courage

determination

fortitude

grit

nerve

pluck

resolution

back-breaking

back-breaking
Back-breaking work involves a lot of hard physical effort.

- Many months of back-breaking work still face them.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) backbreaking

back burner

back burner
If you put an issue on the back burner , you leave it in order to deal with it later because you now consider it to have become less urgent or important.

- Many speculated that the US would put the peace process on the back burner.

- For 10 years she has looked after her three children with her career very much on the back burner.

N-SING: usu the N also backburner .

back catalogue

back catalogue back catalogues
A musical performer's back catalogue is the music which they recorded and released in the past rather than their latest recordings.
N-COUNT: oft poss N

backcloth

[D.J.:ˈbækklɔθ]

[K.K.:ˈbækklɔθ, -klɑθ]

n.

(尤指戏剧中用的)背景幕布

backcloth

1. backcloth backcloths
A backcloth is a large piece of cloth, often with scenery or buildings painted on it, that is hung at the back of a stage while a play is being performed. (BRIT; in AM use backdrop )
N-COUNT
= backdrop

2. backcloth
The backcloth to an event is the general situation in which it happens. (BRIT, LITERARY or JOURNALISM)

- ...schools coping with the effect of falling pupil numbers against a backcloth of financial stringency.

N-SING: with supp, oft N of n
= backdrop

back copy

back copy back copies
A back copy of a magazine or newspaper is the same as a back issue .
N-COUNT

back country

back country
The back country is an area that is a long way from any city and has very few people living in it. (AM)

- They have moved deep into the back country.

N-SING: the N also backcountry .

backdate

[D.J.:bækˈdeit]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌdet]

vt.

倒填日期

使(付款等)在较早的日期开始生效

backdate

backdate backdates backdating backdated
If a document or an arrangement is backdated , it is valid from a date before the date when it is completed or signed.

- The contract that was signed on Thursday morning was backdated to March 11.

- Anyone who has overpaid tax will be able to backdate their claim to last April.

VB also back-date .
≠ post-date

backdoor

[D.J.:ˌbækˈdɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌdɔr, -ˌdor]

adj.

秘密的

backdoor

1. backdoor
You can use backdoor to describe an action or process if you disapprove of it because you think it has been done in a secret, indirect, or dishonest way.

- He did the backdoor deals that allowed the government to get its budget through Parliament on time.

- He brushed aside talk of greedy MPs voting themselves a backdoor pay rise.

ADJ: ADJ n also back door . disapproval
= underhand

2. backdoor
If you say that someone is doing something through or by the backdoor , you disapprove of them because they are doing it in a secret, indirect, or dishonest way.

- Dentists claim the Government is privatising dentistry through the back door.

N-SING: the N, usu prep N also back door . disapproval

backdrop

[D.J.:ˈbækˌdrɔp]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌdrɑp]

n.

<戏>背景幕布

背景

backdrop *

1. backdrop backdrops
A backdrop is a large piece of cloth, often with scenery painted on it, that is hung at the back of a stage while a play is being performed.
N-COUNT
= backcloth

2. backdrop backdrops
The backdrop to an object or a scene is what you see behind it.

- Leeds Castle will provide a dramatic backdrop to a fireworks display next Saturday.

- Light colours provide an effective backdrop for pictures or a mirror.

N-COUNT: usu N prep
= background

3. backdrop backdrops
The backdrop to an event is the general situation in which it happens.

- The election will take place against a backdrop of increasing instability.

N-COUNT: usu N prep
= background

backer

[D.J.:ˈbækə]

[K.K.:ˈbækɚ]

n.

支持者, 赞助者

backer *

backer backers
A backer is someone who helps or supports a project, organization, or person, often by giving or lending money.

- I was looking for a backer to assist me in the attempted buy-out.

N-COUNT
= promoter

backer

noun

supporter

advocate

angel informal

benefactor

patron

promoter

second

sponsor

subscriber

backfire

[D.J.:ˈbækˌfaɪə]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌfaɪr]

vi.

(内燃机等)发生逆火, 发生回火；(枪炮)向后爆发

发生意外, 产生事与愿违的后果

n.

(内燃机等)逆火, 回火；(枪炮)向后爆发

backfire *

1. backfire backfires backfiring backfired
If a plan or project backfires , it has the opposite result to the one that was intended.

- The President's tactics could backfire.

- It all backfired on me!

VB

2. backfire backfires backfiring backfired
When a motor vehicle or its engine backfires , it produces an explosion in the exhaust pipe.

- The car backfired.

VB

backfire

verb

fail

boomerang

disappoint

flop informal

miscarry

rebound

recoil

backgammon

[D.J.:bækˈɡæmən]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌɡæmən]

n.

西洋双陆棋

backgammon

backgammon
Backgammon is a game for two people, played on a board marked with long triangles. Each player has 15 wooden or plastic discs. The players throw dice and move the discs around the board.
N-UNCOUNT

background

[D.J.:ˈbækɡraund]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌɡraʊnd]

n.

(画等的)背景, 底色

背景情况

个人背景资料

background ***

1. background backgrounds
Your background is the kind of family you come from and the kind of education you have had. It can also refer to such things as your social and racial origins, your financial status, or the type of work experience that you have.

- Moulded by his background, he could not escape the traditional role of strict father.

- She came from a working-class Yorkshire background.

- His background was in engineering.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

2. background backgrounds
The background to an event or situation consists of the facts that explain what caused it.

- The background to the current troubles is provided by the dire state of the country's economy.

- The meeting takes place against a background of continuing political violence.

- ...background information.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp, oft against N

3. background
The background is sounds, such as music, which you can hear but which you are not listening to with your full attention.

- I kept hearing the sound of applause in the background.

- ...police sirens wailing in the background...

- The background music was provided by an accordion player.

N-SING: the N
≠ foreground

4. background backgrounds
Someone who stays in the background avoids being noticed, although the things that they do are important or influential.

- ...roses patterned on a blue background...

- Paint the background tones lighter and the colours cooler.

- Rosemary likes to stay in the background.

PHR

background

noun

history

circumstances

culture

education

environment

grounding

tradition

upbringing

backhand

[D.J.:ˈbækhænd]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌhænd]

n.

反手; 反手击球

backhand

backhand backhands
A backhand is a shot in tennis or squash, which you make with your arm across your body.

- Agassi hit a backhand.

- She practised her backhand.

N-VAR

backhanded

[D.J.:bækˈhændid]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌhændɪd]

adj.

(恭维话)讽刺挖苦的, 假惺惺的

(网球等运动)反手击球的, 用反手的

backhanded

1. backhanded
A backhanded compliment is a remark which seems to be an insult but could also be understood as a compliment. A backhanded compliment is also a remark which seems to be a compliment but could also be understood as an insult.

- `Even my good reviews have tended to be back-handed compliments,' he says. `They'll say I was good and "almost unbearably grotesque".'.

- For once, the phrase `The film is beautifully shot' is not intended as a back-handed compliment.

ADJ: ADJ n also back-handed .

2. backhanded
If you say that someone is doing something in a backhanded way, they are doing it indirectly.

- In a backhanded way, Milton Friedman raises yet another objection to high excise taxes.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n also back-handed . disapproval

backhander

[ˈbækhændə]

n.

反手一击

贿赂

backhander

backhander backhanders
A backhander is an amount of money that is illegally paid to someone in a position of authority in order to encourage them to do something. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also back-hander .
= bribe

back issue

back issue back issues
A back issue of a magazine or newspaper is one that was published some time ago and is not the most recent.
N-COUNT
= back number

backlash

[D.J.:ˈbæklæʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌlæʃ]

n.

强烈反应, 对抗性反应

后冲, 反撞; 后坐力

backlash *

backlash
A backlash against a tendency or recent development in society or politics, is a sudden, strong reaction against it.

- ...the male backlash against feminism.

- ...a right-wing backlash.

N-SING: usu with supp
= revolt

backlash

noun

reaction

counteraction

recoil

repercussion

resistance

response

retaliation

backless

[ˈbæklis]

adj.

无背的,无靠背部的,无后盾的

backless

backless
A backless dress leaves most of a woman's back uncovered down to her waist.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

backlog

[D.J.:ˈbækˌlɔg, -ˌlɔ:g]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌlɑɡ, -ˌlɔɡ]

n.

积压未办之事,积压的工作；没交付的订货

备用;备用物; 储备金

<美> (壁炉中垫底的)大木柴

vt.

(使)积压

储存

<商>(为日后装运而)登账确认(订货)

backlog *

backlog backlogs
A backlog is a number of things which have not yet been done but which need to be done.

- There is a backlog of repairs and maintenance in schools.

N-COUNT

backlog

noun

build-up

accumulation

excess

hoard

reserve

stock

supply

back number

back number back numbers
A back number of a magazine or newspaper is the same as a back issue .
N-COUNT

backpack

[D.J.:ˈbækpæk]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌpæk]

n.

(指登山者、步行者使用或背小孩时使用的)背包, (有轻金属框的)箱形背包

vi.

背着背包徒步旅行

backpack

backpack backpacks
A backpack is a bag with straps that go over your shoulders, so that you can carry things on your back when you are walking or climbing.
N-COUNT
= rucksack

backpacker

backpacker backpackers
A backpacker is a person who goes travelling with a backpack.
N-COUNT

backpacking

[ˈbækˌpækiŋ]

n.

远足野营

backpacking

backpacking
If you go backpacking , you go travelling with a backpack.
N-UNCOUNT

back passage

back passage back passages
People sometimes refer to their rectum as their back passage . (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

back pay

back pay
Back pay is money which an employer owes an employee for work that he or she did in the past.

- He will receive $6,000 in back pay.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ advance

back-pedal

背弃

back-pedal

1. back-pedal back-pedals back-pedalling back-pedalled
If you back-pedal , you express a different or less forceful opinion about something from the one you have previously expressed.

- The General back-pedalled, saying that he had had no intention of offending the West German government.

- He appeared to back-pedal on that statement.

VB The spelling backpedal is also used. The forms back-pedaling and back-pedaled are used in American English.
= backtrack

2. back-pedal back-pedals back-pedalling back-pedalled
If you say that someone back-pedals , you disapprove of their behaviour because they are not doing what they promised.

- He's backpedaled twice already.

- The Federal Republic will backpedal on its earlier commitments.

VB The spelling backpedal is also used. The forms back-pedaling and back-pedaled are used in American English. disapproval

3. back-pedalling

- The liberals were angered by Britain's back-pedalling on reforms.

N-UNCOUNT

backrest

[D.J.:ˈbækrest]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌrɛst]

n.

(家具的)靠背

backrest

backrest backrests
The backrest of a seat or chair is the part which you rest your back on.
N-COUNT

back road

back road back roads
A back road is a small country road with very little traffic.
N-COUNT

back room *

1. back room back rooms
A backroom is a room that is situated at the back of a building, especially a private room.

- ...the backroom of the officers' club.

N-COUNT also back-room , backroom .

2. back room back rooms
You can use backroom to refer to people in an organization who do important work but are not seen or known about by the public. You can also use backroom to refer to a place where such people work.

- He is confident the backroom can step into the temporary void.

- Public scrutiny had brought civil servants out from the backroom and into the spotlight.

- ...Mr Smith's backroom staff.

N-COUNT also back-room , backroom .

3. back room
If you refer to a deal made by someone such as a politician as a backroom deal, you disapprove of it because it has been made in a secret, dishonest way.

- They have been calling the Presidency decision a backroom deal.

ADJ: ADJ n also back-room , backroom . disapproval

backroom boy

backroom boy backroom boys
You can refer to a man as a backroom boy when he does important work in an organization and has good ideas but is not seen or known about by the public. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also backroom-boy .

back-seat driver

1. back-seat driver back-seat drivers
If you refer to a passenger in a car as a back-seat driver , they annoy you because they constantly give you advice.
N-COUNT also backseat driver . disapproval

2. back-seat driver back-seat drivers
If you refer to someone, especially a politician, as a back-seat driver , you disapprove of them because they try to influence a situation that does not concern them.

- They accused the former prime minister of trying to be a backseat driver.

N-COUNT also backseat driver . disapproval

backside

[D.J.:ˈbæksaid]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌsaɪd]

n.

臀部, 屁股

backside *

backside backsides
Your backside is the part of your body that you sit on. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= bum

back-slapping

1. back-slapping
Back-slapping is noisy, cheerful behaviour which people use in order to show affection or appreciation to each other.

- Men love him for his hearty back-slapping and hand-shaking.

N-UNCOUNT also backslapping .

2. back-slapping
Also an adjective.

- Mike Scott breaks away from a clutch of back-slapping admirers.

ADJ: ADJ n also backslapping .

backsliding

backsliding
If you accuse someone of backsliding , you disapprove of them because they have failed to do something they promised or agreed to do, or have started again doing something undesirable that they had previously stopped doing.

- ...the government's backsliding on free market reforms...

- Here are several things to keep in mind in order to maintain the gains you've made and to prevent backsliding.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

backstage

[D.J.:ˌbækˈsteidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈbækˈstedʒ]

adv.

后台

秘密地, 背地里, 在幕后

backstage *

1. backstage
In a theatre, backstage refers to the areas behind the stage.

- He went backstage and asked for her autograph.

- He met Jackson backstage at his concert in Leeds.

ADV: ADV after v

2. backstage
Also an adjective.

- ...a backstage pass.

ADJ: ADJ n

back street

1. back street back streets
A back street in a town or city is a small, narrow street with very little traffic.

- The small church of San Michel is tucked away in a narrow back street of Port-au-Prince.

- ...backstreet garages.

N-COUNT also back-street , backstreet .

2. back street back streets
The back streets of a town or city are the areas of small, old, poor streets rather than the richer or newer areas.

- ...the back streets of Berlin.

N-PLURAL also back-street or backstreet .

3. back street
Back street activities are carried out unofficially, secretly, and often illegally.

- ...back street abortions.

ADJ: ADJ n also back-street or backstreet .

backstroke

[D.J.:ˈbækstrəuk]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌstrok]

n.

仰泳

backstroke

1. backstroke
Backstroke is a swimming stroke that you do lying on your back.
N-UNCOUNT: also the N

2. backstroke
The backstroke is a swimming race in which the competitors swim backstroke.

- ...the 100 metres backstroke.

N-SING: the N

backtrack

[D.J.:ˈbæktræk]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌtræk]

vi.

走原路, 由原路返回

改变主意, 取消诺言, 变卦, 出尔反尔

backtracking

回溯, 回溯法

backtrack

1. backtrack backtracks backtracking backtracked
If you backtrack on a statement or decision you have made, you do or say something that shows that you no longer agree with it or support it.

- The committee backtracked by scrapping the controversial bonus system.

- The finance minister backtracked on his decision.

VB also back-track .
= back-pedal

2. backtracking

- Some backtracking is probably inevitable.

- He promised there would be no backtracking on policies.

N-UNCOUNT

3. backtrack backtracks backtracking backtracked
If you backtrack , you go back along a path or route you have just used.

- Leonard jumped in his car and started backtracking.

- We had to backtrack to the corner and cross the street.

VB also back-track .

4. backtrack backtracks backtracking backtracked
If you backtrack in an account or explanation, you talk about things which happened before the ones you were previously talking about.

- Can we just backtrack a little bit and look at your primary and secondary education?

VB also back-track .

backup

[D.J.:ˈbækˌʌp]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌʌp]

n.

帮助；援助；支持

替代物;备用品;支援人员, 后备, 后补, 助手

(流水受阻造成的)阻塞；泛滥；<美>(车辆等)拥塞

<计>备份文件

backup *

1. backup backups
Backup consists of extra equipment, resources, or people that you can get help or support from if necessary.

- There is no emergency back-up immediately available.

- Alternative treatments can provide a useful back-up to conventional treatment.

N-VAR also back-up .

2. backup backups
If you have something such as a second piece of equipment or set of plans as backup , you have arranged for them to be available for use in case the first one does not work.

- Every part of the system has a backup.

- Computer users should make regular back-up copies of their work.

N-VAR also back-up .

backward

[D.J.:ˈbækwəd]

[K.K.:ˈbækwəd]

adv.,adj.

向后地[的],相反地[的],追溯,退步,由好变坏

backward **

(In American English, backward is usually used as an adverb instead of backwards . Backward is also sometimes used in this way in formal British English. See backwards for these uses.)

1. backward
A backward movement or look is in the direction that your back is facing. Some people use backwards for this meaning.

- He unlocked the door of apartment two and disappeared inside after a backward glance at Larry.

- He did a backward flip.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ forward

2. backward
If someone takes a backward step, they do something that does not change or improve their situation, but causes them to go back a stage.

- At a certain age, it's not viable for men to take a backward step into unskilled work.

- Many dentists will no longer treat National Health Service patients, which is a big backward step in this country.

ADJ: ADJ n
= forward

3. backward
A backward country or society does not have modern industries and machines.

- We need to accelerate the pace of change in our backward country.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ developed

4. backwardness

- I was astonished at the backwardness of our country at the time.

N-UNCOUNT

5. backward
A backward child has difficulty in learning.

- ...research into teaching techniques to help backward children...

- I was slow to walk and talk and my parents thought I was backward.

ADJ-GRADED
= slow

6. backwardness

- ...her backwardness in practical and physical activities.

N-UNCOUNT

backward

adjective

slow

behind

dull

retarded

subnormal

underdeveloped

undeveloped

backward-looking

adj.

回顾过去的,保守的,退缩的,向后看的

backward-looking

backward-looking
If you describe someone or something as backward-looking , you disapprove of their attitudes, ideas, or actions because they are based on old-fashioned opinions or methods.

- They are criticised for encouraging a stagnant, backward-looking culture.

- History may judge the enterprise to have been rather backward-looking.

ADJ-GRADED also backward looking . disapproval
= regressive reactionary ≠ progressive

backwards

[ˈbækwədz]

adj.

向后的, 倒行的

返回的, 落后的

adv.

向后, 往后

倒, 逆

backwards **

1. backwards
If you move or look backwards , you move or look in the direction that your back is facing.

- The diver flipped over backwards into the water.

- He took two steps backward.

- Bess glanced backwards.

- Keeping your back straight, swing one leg backwards.

ADV: ADV after v (AM) backward
≠ forwards

2. backwards
Also an adjective.

- Without so much as a backwards glance, he steered her towards the car.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) backward

3. backwards
If you do something backwards , you do it in the opposite way to the usual way.

- He works backwards, building a house from the top downwards.

ADV: ADV after v (AM) backward

4. backwards
You use backwards to indicate that something changes or develops in a way that is not an improvement, but is a return to old ideas or methods.

- Greater government intervention in businesses would represent a step backwards.

- ...unshakable traditions that look backward rather than ahead.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV (AM) backward
≠ forwards

5. backwards
If someone or something moves backwards and forwards , they move repeatedly first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.

- Using a gentle, sawing motion, draw the floss backwards and forwards between the teeth.

- ...people travelling backwards and forwards to and from London.

PHR: PHR after v (AM) backward
= to and fro

6. backwards
In British English, if you say that someone knows something backwards , you are emphasizing that they know it very well. In American English, you say that someone knows something backward and forward .

- I asked about one or two things that interest me and she really did know it all backwards.

PHR: V inflects (AM) backward emphasis

backwards backward

adverb

towards the rear

behind

in reverse

rearward

backwash

[D.J.:ˈbækwɔʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌwɑʃ, -ˌwɔʃ]

n.

(由船等运动引起的)反流

喷流

反响

backwash

backwash
The backwash of an event or situation is an unpleasant situation that exists after it and as a result of it.

- ...the backwash of the events of 1989...

- The Treasury had been blaming the pound's weakness on the backwash from the falling dollar.

N-SING
= repercussions

backwater

[D.J.:ˈbækwɔ:tə]

[K.K.:ˈbækˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ]

n.

死水, 滞水, 回水

闭塞的地方, 不受外界事件或新思想影响的地方

backwater *

1. backwater backwaters
A backwater is a place that is isolated.

- ...a quiet rural backwater.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. backwater backwaters
If you refer to a place or institution as a backwater , you think it is not developing properly because it is isolated from ideas and events in other places and institutions.

- Britain could become a political backwater with no serious influence in the world.

- This agency will be relegated to the backwaters of Washington.

- Quebec remained a backwater until the 1960s.

N-COUNT: usu with supp disapproval

backwoods

[D.J.:ˈbækwudz]

[K.K.:ˈbækˈwʊdz]

n.

(尤指北美的)远离城镇的森林地带

落后的边远地区

backwoods

backwoods
If you refer to an area as the backwoods , you mean that it is a long way from large towns and is isolated from modern life.

- I picked up two guys in the backwoods of Louisiana.

- ...a backwoods section of Kentucky.

N-PLURAL

backwoodsman

[ˈbækwudzmən]

n.

极少参加投票的上议院议员; 很少参加政治活动的上议院议员

边远落后地区的居民

backwoodsman

backwoodsman backwoodsmen
Backwoodsmen are people, especially politicians, who like the old ways of doing things, or who are involved in an organization at a local level. (mainly BRIT)

- ...Republican Party backwoodsmen in the United States.

N-COUNT

backyard

[D.J.:ˌbækˈjɑ:d]

n.

<美>(屋后有草皮的)后院;后花园

<美>被看作自家后院一般的地方;邻近地区

in your (own) backyard

在自己的后院；离自己的住所(或工作场所)很近的地方

backyard *

1. backyard backyards
A backyard is an area of land at the back of a house.
N-COUNT also back yard .

2. backyard backyards
If you refer to a country's own backyard , you are referring to its own territory or to somewhere that is very close and where that country wants to influence events.

- Economics will not stop Europe's politicians complaining when jobs are lost in their own backyard.

- Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean, an area that the United States has long regarded as its own backyard.

N-COUNT: with poss also back yard .

bacon

[D.J.:ˈbeikən]

[K.K.:ˈbekən]

n.

咸猪肉

bacon **

1. bacon
Bacon is salted or smoked meat which comes from the back or sides of a pig.

- ...bacon and eggs.

- ...smoked streaky bacon.

N-UNCOUNT

2. bacon
If you bring home the bacon , you achieve what you needed to achieve. (INFORMAL)

- Voters are interested in the representative's ability to bring home the bacon.

- I will be most upset if this book does not bring home the bacon.

PHR: V inflects

3. bacon
The person in a family who brings home the bacon provides the family with the money they need to live. (INFORMAL)

- Who brings up the baby and who brings home the bacon?

PHR: V inflects

4. bacon
If someone or something saves your bacon , they get you out of a dangerous or difficult situation. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Your mother once saved my bacon. She lent me money when I needed it.

PHR: V inflects

bacteria

[D.J.:bækˈtiəriə]

[K.K.:bækˈtɪriə]

n.

细菌

bacteria **

bacteria
Bacteria are very small organisms. Some bacteria can cause disease.

- Chlorine is added to kill bacteria.

N-PLURAL

bacteria

plural noun

microorganisms

bacilli

bugs slang

germs

microbes

pathogens

viruses

bacterial

[D.J.:bækˈtiəriəl]

[K.K.:bækˈtɪriəl]

adj.

细菌的

bacterium

[D.J.:bækˈtɪəri:əm]

[K.K.:bækˈtɪriəm]

n.

细菌 (复数为bacteria)

bacterial

adj.

细菌的

bacterial *

bacterial
Bacterial is used to describe things that relate to or are caused by bacteria.

- Cholera is a bacterial infection.

ADJ: ADJ n

bacteriological

[bækˌtiəriəˈlɔdʒikəl]

adj.

细菌学的,细菌学上的

bacteriology

[D.J.:bækˌtɪəri:ˈɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:bækˌtɪriˈɑlədʒi]

n.

细菌学

bacteriology

1. bacteriology
Bacteriology is the science and the study of bacteria.
N-UNCOUNT

2. bacteriological

- ...the national bacteriological laboratory.

ADJ: ADJ n

bacterium

Bacterium is the singular of bacteria .

bad

[D.J.:bæd]

[K.K.:bæd]

adj.

坏的, 劣质的; 不合格的, 有错的

差的, 有缺陷的

不道德的, 邪恶的

严重的, 厉害的

腐烂的, 腐败的

badness

[D.J.:ˈbædnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈbædnɪs]

n.

坏,不好

恶劣,邪恶

有害;不吉祥

worse

[D.J.:wə:s]

[K.K.:wɚs]

adj.

更坏的, 更糟的, 更差的

恶化的

adv.

更坏地, 更糟地

(程度上)更…

worst

[D.J.:wə:st]

[K.K.:wɚst]

adj.

最坏的, 最差的

〈美〉最厉害的, 最激烈的

adv.

最坏地, 最恶劣地

n.

最坏的部分[情况, 事情, 可能性等]

bad *****

1. bad worse worst
Something that is bad is unpleasant, harmful, or undesirable.

- The bad weather conditions prevented the plane from landing.

- We have been going through a bad time.

- I've had a bad day at work.

- Divorce is bad for children.

- Analysts fear the situation is even worse than the leadership admits.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ good

2. bad worse worst
You use bad to indicate that something unpleasant or undesirable is severe or great in degree.

- Glick had a bad accident two years ago and had to give up farming.

- This was a bad case of dangerous driving.

- The pain is often so bad she wants to scream.

- The floods are described as the worst in nearly fifty years.

ADJ-GRADED
= terrible

3. bad worse worst
A bad idea, decision, or method is not sensible or not correct.

- Economist Jeffrey Faux says a tax cut is a bad idea.

- Of course politicians will sometimes make bad decisions.

- That's not a bad way to proceed, just somewhat different.

- The worst thing you can do is underestimate an opponent.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= poor ≠ good

4. bad worse worst
If you describe a piece of news, an action, or a sign as bad , you mean that it is unlikely to result in benefit or success.

- The closure of the project is bad news for her staff.

- It was a bad start in my relationship with Warr.

- The report couldn't have come at a worse time for the European Commission.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ good

5. bad worse worst
Something that is bad is of an unacceptably low standard, quality, or amount.

- She was in rather a bad film about the Mau Mau.

- Many old people in Britain are living in bad housing.

- The state schools' main problem is that teachers' pay is so bad.

- It was absolutely the worst food I have ever had.

ADJ-GRADED
= poor ≠ good

6. bad worse worst
Someone who is bad at doing something is not skilful or successful at it.

- He had increased Britain's reputation for being bad at languages.

- He was a bad driver.

- Rose, her tone implied, was a poor cook and a worse mother.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ at -ing/n, ADJ n
= poor ≠ good

7. bad worse worst
If you say that it is bad that something happens, you mean it is unacceptable, unfortunate, or wrong.

- Not being able to hear doesn't seem as bad to the rest of us as not being able to see.

- You need at least ten pounds if you go to the cinema nowadays -- it's really bad.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ that
≠ good

8. bad worse worst
You can say that something is not bad to mean that it is quite good or acceptable, especially when you are rather surprised about this.

- `How much is he paying you?' --- `Oh, five thousand.' --- `Not bad.'.

- `How are you, mate?' --- `Not bad, mate, how's yourself?'.

- He's not a bad chap, Geoffrey, quite human for an accountant.

- That's not a bad idea.

ADJ-GRADED: with neg
≠ good

9. bad worse worst
A bad person has morally unacceptable attitudes and behaviour.

- I was selling drugs, but I didn't think I was a bad person.

- He does not think that his beliefs make him any worse than any other man.

ADJ-GRADED
= wicked ≠ good

10. badness

- They only recognise badness when they perceive it in others.

N-UNCOUNT

11. bad worse worst
A bad child disobeys rules and instructions or does not behave in a polite and correct way.

- You are a bad boy for repeating what I told you.

- Many parents find it hard to discourage bad behaviour.

ADJ-GRADED
= naughty

12. bad worse worst
If you are in a bad mood, you are angry and behave unpleasantly to people.

- She is in a bit of a bad mood because she's just given up smoking.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

13. bad worse worst
If you feel bad about something, you feel rather sorry or guilty about it.

- You don't have to feel bad about relaxing.

- I feel bad that he's doing most of the work.

- Are you trying to make me feel bad?

ADJ-GRADED: feel ADJ, oft ADJ about n, ADJ that
≠ good

14. bad
If you have a bad back, heart, leg, or eye, it is injured, diseased, or weak.

- Alastair has a bad back so we have a hard bed.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

15. bad
Food that has gone bad is not suitable to eat because it has started to decay.

- They bought so much beef that some went bad.

ADJ: usu go ADJ, also ADJ n

16. bad worse worst
Bad language is language that contains offensive words such as swear words.

- I don't like to hear bad language in the street.

- I said a bad word.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

17. bad
If you say that it is too bad that something is the case, you mean you are sorry or sad that it is the case.

- It is too bad that Eleanor had to leave so soon.

- `That's too bad,' she said with a sigh. `Vincent can't babysit tomorrow night.'

PHR: oft it v-link PHR that feelings
= a pity

18. bad
If you say ` too bad ', you are indicating that nothing can be done to change the situation, and that you do not feel sorry or sympathetic about this.

- Too bad if you missed the bus.

CONVENTION feelings
= hard luck

19. bad
If someone or something is in a bad way , they are in a bad condition or situation.

- The economy is in a bad way.

- `You look in a bad way,' chuckled Brad.

PHR: v-link PHR

20. bad
If nobody has a bad word to say about you, you are liked or admired by everyone.

- She's got beauty, wealth, and fame, and we still can't find anyone with a bad word to say about her.

PHR: with brd-neg

worse *

1. worse
Worse is the comparative of bad .

2. worse
Worse is the comparative of badly .

3. worse
Worse is used to form the comparative of compound adjectives beginning with `bad' and `badly.' For example, the comparative of `badly off' is `worse off'.

4. worse
If a situation goes from bad to worse , it becomes even more unpleasant or unsatisfactory.

- For the past couple of years my life has gone from bad to worse.

PHR: V inflects

5. worse
If you tell someone that they could do worse than do a particular thing, you are advising them that it would be quite a good thing to do.

- Scientists in search of a challenging career could do worse than consider forensic science.

PHR: oft PHR than inf/n

6. worse
If a situation changes for the worse , it becomes more unpleasant or more difficult.

- The grandparents sigh and say how things have changed for the worse.

PHR: PHR after v

7. worse
If a person or thing is the worse for something, they have been harmed or badly affected by it. If they are none the worse for it, they have not been harmed or badly affected by it.

- Father came home from the pub very much the worse for drink.

- They are all apparently fit and well and none the worse for the fifteen hour journey.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n

worst *

1. worst
Worst is the superlative of bad .

2. worst
Worst is the superlative of badly .

3. worst
The worst is the most unpleasant or unfavourable thing that could happen or does happen.

- Though mine safety has much improved, miners' families still fear the worst.

- The country had come through the worst of the recession.

N-SING: the N, oft N of n
≠ best

4. worst
Worst is used to form the superlative of compound adjectives beginning with `bad' and `badly'. For example, the superlative of `badly-affected' is `worst-affected'.

5. worst
You say worst of all to indicate that what you are about to mention is the most unpleasant or has the most disadvantages out of all the things you are mentioning.

- The people most closely affected are the passengers who were injured and, worst of all, those who lost relatives.

PHR: PHR with cl

6. worst
You use at worst or at the worst to indicate that you are mentioning the worst thing that might happen in a situation.

- At best Nella would be an invalid; at worst she would die.

- At the worst he would be there by the following night.

PHR: PHR with cl/group

7. worst
When someone is at their worst , they are as unpleasant, bad, or unsuccessful as it is possible for them to be.

- This was their mother at her worst. Her voice was strident, she was ready to be angry at anyone.

PHR: n PHR, PHR after v, v-link PHR

8. worst
You use if the worst comes to the worst to say what you might do if a situation develops in the most unfavourable way possible. The form if worst comes to worst is also used, mainly in American English.

- If the worst comes to the worst I guess I can always ring Jean.

- He was asked whether he would walk out if the worst came to the worst.

PHR: V inflects, PHR with cl

9. worst
If someone does their worst , they do everything unpleasant that they can possibly do. You can say ` do your worst ' to show someone that you are not frightened of what they may do.

- I think it was dangerous to say: look, we've got an army now -- do your worst.

PHR: V inflects

bad

adjective

1.

inferior

defective

faulty

imperfect

inadequate

poor

substandard

unsatisfactory

2.

harmful

damaging

dangerous

deleterious

detrimental

hurtful

ruinous

unhealthy

3.

evil

corrupt

criminal

immoral

mean

sinful

wicked

wrong

4.

naughty

disobedient

mischievous

unruly

5.

rotten

decayed

mouldy

off

putrid

rancid

sour

spoiled

6.

unfavourable

adverse

distressing

gloomy

grim

troubled

unfortunate

unpleasant

bad cheque

bad cheque bad cheques
A bad cheque is a bank cheque that will not be paid because there is a mistake on it, or because there is not enough money in the account of the person who wrote the cheque.

- She wrote another bad check.

N-COUNT (AM) bad check

bad debt *

bad debt bad debts
A bad debt is a sum of money that has been lent but is not likely to be repaid.

- The bank set aside £1.1 billion to cover bad debts from business failures.

N-COUNT

baddy

[ˈbædi]

n.

坏人,(尤指电影中的)恶人

baddy

baddy baddies
A baddy is a person in a story or film who is considered to be evil or wicked, or who is fighting on the wrong side. You can also refer to the baddies in a situation in real life. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM usually use bad guy )

- All the characters, even the baddies, are a little too nice.

N-COUNT: usu pl also baddie .
= bad guy ≠ goody

bade

[D.J.:bæd, beɪd]

[K.K.:bæd, bed]

出价,投标；支付

bid

[D.J.:bid]

[K.K.:bɪd]

n.

企图, 努力

喊价, 出价, 投标

vt. & vi.

出价, 投标

vt.

命令, 吩咐

说(问候话); 致意

bidden

[D.J.:ˈbidn]

[K.K.:ˈbɪdn]

出价

bidding

[D.J.:ˈbɪdɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbɪdɪŋ]

n.

(尤指拍卖中的)出价,喊价

投标

召唤;邀请

(某些牌戏中)叫牌

<非正>请求;吩咐;命令

bade

bade
Bade is a past tense of bid .

bid 2 saying something

1. bid bids bidding bade bidden
If you bid someone farewell, you say goodbye to them. If you bid them goodnight, you say goodnight to them. (FORMAL)

- She bade farewell to her son.

- I bade her goodnight.

VB American English sometimes uses the form bid for the past tense
= wish

2. bid bids bidding bade bidden
If you bid someone do something, you ask or invite them to do it. (LITERARY)

- They all smiled at him and bade him eat.

- I dare say he did as he was bidden.

VB American English sometimes uses the form bid for the past tense

bidden

bidden
Bidden is a past participle of bid .

bidding

1. bidding
If you do something at someone's bidding , you do it because they have asked you to do it. (FORMAL)

- The Prime Minister was right to reject him, even though it was only at the bidding of his backbenchers.

PHR

2. bidding
If you say that someone does another person's bidding , you disapprove of the fact that they do exactly what the other person asks them to do, even when they do not want to. (FORMAL)

- He dominated her, forcing her to do his bidding.

PHR: V inflects disapproval
= obey

bid

verb

1.

offer

proffer

propose

submit

tender

2.

say

call

greet

tell

wish

3.

tell

ask

command

direct

instruct

order

require

noun

4.

offer

advance

amount

price

proposal

sum

tender

5.

attempt

crack informal

effort

go informal

stab informal

try

bidding

noun

order

beck and call

command

direction

instruction

request

summons

badge

[D.J.:bædʒ]

[K.K.:bædʒ]

n.

徽章, 证章 标记, 标志

象征

badge *

1. badge badges
A badge is a piece of metal or cloth which you wear to show that you belong to an organization or support a cause. American English usually uses button to refer to a small round metal badge.
N-COUNT

2. badge
Any feature which is regarded as a sign of a particular quality can be referred to as a badge .

- Being a Communist was a badge of honour for thousands of trade union activists.

N-SING: usu N of n

badge

noun

mark

brand

device

emblem

identification

insignia

sign

stamp

token

badger

[D.J.:ˈbædʒə]

[K.K.:ˈbædʒɚ]

n.

獾, 穴熊

獾皮, 獾毛

<动><澳>毛鼻袋熊;袋狸

(大写)獾州人(美国威斯康星州人的别称)

(大写)獾州人(美国威斯康星州人的别称)

vt.

纠缠不休, 烦扰, 吵着要

badger *

1. badger badgers
A badger is a wild animal which has a white head with two wide black stripes on it. Badgers live underground and usually come up to feed at night.
N-COUNT

2. badger badgers badgering badgered
If you badger someone, you repeatedly tell them to do something or repeatedly ask them questions.

- She badgered her doctor time and again, pleading with him to do something.

- They kept phoning and writing, badgering me to go back.

- Richard's mother badgered him into taking a Spanish wife.

VB

badger

verb

pester

bully

goad

harass

hound

importune

nag

plague

torment

bad guy

bad guy bad guys
A bad guy is a person in a story or film who is considered to be evil or wicked, or who is fighting on the wrong side. You can also refer to the bad guys in a situation in real life. (INFORMAL)

- There was a fine line between the good guys and the bad guys.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= baddy ≠ good guys

bad hair day

bad hair day bad hair days
People sometimes say they are having a bad hair day when they do not feel very happy or relaxed, especially because their hair does not look good. (INFORMAL)

- All this fuss is because Carol is having a bad hair day.

N-COUNT: usu sing

badinage

[D.J.:ˌbædnˈɑ:ʒ]

[K.K.:ˌbædn..ˈɑʒ]

n.

打趣,玩笑

vt.

打趣,玩笑

badinage

badinage
Badinage is humorous or light-hearted conversation that often involves teasing someone. (LITERARY)

- Father Gregory tried to respond to the Bishop's light-hearted badinage.

N-UNCOUNT
= banter

badinage

noun

wordplay

banter

mockery

pleasantry

repartee

teasing

badly

[D.J.:ˈbædli]

[K.K.:ˈbædli]

adv.

坏, 差, 拙劣地

非常, 在很大程度上

不利地, 有害地

badly ***

1. badly
If something is done badly or goes badly , it is not very successful or effective.

- I was angry because I played so badly.

- The whole project was badly managed.

- The coalition did worse than expected, getting just 11.6 per cent of the vote.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
≠ well

2. badly
If someone or something is badly hurt or badly affected, they are severely hurt or affected.

- The bomb destroyed a police station and badly damaged a church.

- One man was killed and another badly injured.

- It was a gamble that went badly wrong.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj
= seriously

3. badly
If you want or need something badly , you want or need it very much.

- Why do you want to go so badly?.

- Planes landed at Sarajevo airport today carrying badly needed food and medicine.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= much

4. badly
If someone behaves badly or treats other people badly , they act in an unkind, unpleasant, or unacceptable way.

- They have both behaved very badly and I am very hurt.

- I would like to know why we pensioners are being so badly treated.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
≠ well

5. badly
If something reflects badly on someone or makes others think badly of them, it harms their reputation.

- Teachers know that low exam results will reflect badly on them.

- The male sex comes out of the film very badly.

- Despite his illegal act, few people think badly of him.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
≠ well

6. badly
If a person or their job is badly paid, they are not paid very much for what they do.

- You may have to work part-time, in a badly paid job with unsociable hours.

- This is the most dangerous professional sport there is, and the worst paid.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV -ed, also ADV after v
= poorly ≠ well

badly

adverb

1.

poorly

carelessly

imperfectly

inadequately

incorrectly

ineptly

wrongly

2.

unfavourably

unfortunately

unsuccessfully

3.

severely

deeply

desperately

exceedingly

extremely

greatly

intensely

seriously

badly off *

1. badly off worse off worst off
If you are badly off , you are in a bad situation.

- The average working week in Japan is 42.3 hours, compared with 41.6 in the UK, so they are not too badly off.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ (AM) also bad off

2. badly off worse off worst off
If you are badly off , you do not have much money.

- It is outrageous that people doing well-paid jobs should moan about how badly off they are.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ (AM) also bad off

badminton

[D.J.:ˈbædmintən]

[K.K.:ˈbædˌmɪntən]

n.

羽毛球运动

badminton *

badminton
Badminton is a game played by two or four players on a rectangular court with a high net across the middle. The players try to score points by hitting a small object called a shuttlecock across the net using a racket.
N-UNCOUNT

bad-mouth

[D.J.:ˈbædˌmaʊθ, -ˌmaʊð]

[K.K.:ˈbædˌmaʊθ, -ˌmaʊð]

vi.

苛刻批评

bad-mouth

bad-mouth bad-mouths bad-mouthing bad-mouthed
If someone bad-mouths you, they say unpleasant things about you, especially when you are not there to defend yourself.

- If I hear one roommate bad-mouthing another, I will call her in for a talk.

VB

bad-tempered

[D.J.:ˌbædˈtempəd]

[K.K.: bædˈtɛmpɚd]

adj.

情绪恶劣的,脾气不好的,易怒的

bad-tempered

bad-tempered
Someone who is bad-tempered is not very cheerful and gets angry easily.

- When his headaches developed Nick became bad-tempered and even violent.

- They walked in bad-tempered silence.

ADJ-GRADED
= irritable

baffle

[D.J.:ˈbæfl]

[K.K.:ˈbæfəl]

vt.

使困难, 使为难

baffled

带有障板的,阻挡的

baffling

[D.J.:ˈbæflɪŋ]

[K.K.: ˈbæfl..ɪŋ]

adj.

令人困惑的,难对付的;难解的

baffle *

1. baffle baffles baffling baffled
If something baffles you, you cannot understand it or explain it.

- An apple tree producing square fruit is baffling experts.

VB
= puzzle

2. baffling

- I was constantly ill, with a baffling array of symptoms.

ADJ-GRADED

3. baffled

- Police are baffled by the murder.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

baffle

verb

puzzle

bewilder

confound

confuse

flummox

mystify

nonplus

perplex

stump

bafflement

n.

阻碍,迷惑

bafflement

bafflement
Bafflement is the state of being baffled.

- The general response was one of understandable bafflement.

N-UNCOUNT
= puzzlement

bag

[D.J.:bæɡ]

[K.K.:bæɡ]

n.

袋, 包

vt.

装袋

vi.

宽松地下垂, 鼓胀

bagged

[bæɡd]

adj.

松弛下垂的

bagging

[D.J.:ˈbæɡiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbæɡɪŋ]

n.

装袋,制袋材料

bags

燃烧室空间

bag ****

1. bag bags
A bag is a container made of thin paper or plastic, for example one that is used in shops to put things in that a customer has bought.
N-COUNT

2. bag bags
A bag of things is the amount of things contained in a bag.
N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. bag bags
A bag is a strong container with one or two handles, used to carry things in.

- She left the hotel carrying a shopping bag.

N-COUNT

4. bag bags
A bag of things is the amount of things contained in a bag.
N-COUNT: usu N of n

5. bag bags
A bag is the same as a handbag .
N-COUNT

6. bag bags
If you have bags under your eyes, you have folds of skin there, usually because you have not had enough sleep.
N-PLURAL

7. bag
If you say there is bags of something, you mean that there is a large amount of it. If you say that there are bags of things, you mean that there are a large number of them. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...a hotel with bags of character.

QUANT: QUANT of pl-n/n-uncount emphasis
= heaps of

8. bag bags
If someone calls a woman an old bag or a stupid bag , they are insulting her. (OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT disapproval

9. bag bags bagging bagged
If you bag something that a lot of people want, you get it for yourself before anyone else can get it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The smart ones will have already bagged their seats by placing cards on them.

VB

10. bag
If you say that something is in the bag , you mean that you are certain that you will get it or achieve it. (INFORMAL)

- `I'll get the Republican nomination,' he assured me. `It's in the bag.'

PHR: usu v-link PHR

11. bag
If you are left holding the bag , you are put in a situation where you are responsible for something, often in an unfair way because other people fail or refuse to take responsibility for it. (INFORMAL) (AM; in BRIT use be left holding the baby )

- I don't want to be left holding the bag if something goes wrong.

PHR: V inflects

12. bag
If you pack your bags , you leave a place where you have been staying or living.

- Police arrived at his hotel and ordered him to pack his bags.

PHR: V inflects

bag

noun

1.

container

receptacle

sac

sack

verb

2.

catch

acquire

capture

kill

land

shoot

trap

bag up ****

bag up bags up; bagging up; bagged up
If you bag up a quantity of something, you put it into bags.

- So Sarah bagged up her old woollies and frocks and sent a parcel off to Jane.

PHR-V

bagel

[D.J.:ˈbeiɡəl]

[K.K.:ˈbeɡəl]

n.

硬面包圈

bagel

bagel bagels
A bagel is a ring-shaped bread roll.
N-COUNT

baggage

[D.J.:ˈbæɡidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈbæɡɪdʒ]

n.

行李

baggage *

1. baggage
Your baggage consists of the bags that you take with you when you travel.

- The passengers went through immigration control and collected their baggage.

- ...excess baggage.

N-UNCOUNT
= luggage

2. baggage
You can use baggage to refer to someone's emotional problems, fixed ideas, or prejudices.

- How much emotional baggage is he bringing with him into the relationship?

- ...the ideological baggage of Fascism.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

baggage

noun

luggage

accoutrements

bags

belongings

equipment

gear

paraphernalia

suitcases

things

baggage car

baggage car baggage cars
A baggage car is a railway carriage, often without windows, which is used to carry luggage, goods, or mail. (AM; in BRIT use van )
N-COUNT

baggy

[D.J.:ˈbægi:]

[K.K.:ˈbæɡi]

adj.

宽松下垂的

2.膨胀的

baggy *

baggy baggier baggiest
If a piece of clothing is baggy , it hangs loosely on your body.

- ...a baggy jumper.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ tight

baggy

adjective

loose

bulging

droopy

floppy

ill-fitting

oversize

roomy

sagging

slack

bag lady

bag lady bag ladies
A bag lady is a homeless woman who carries her possessions in shopping bags.
N-COUNT

bagpipes

[ˈbæɡpaips]

n.

风笛

bagpipes

bagpipes
Bagpipes are a musical instrument that is traditionally played in Scotland. You play the bagpipes by blowing air through a pipe into a bag, and then squeezing the bag to force the air out through other pipes.
N-COUNT, usu pl: oft the N The form bagpipe is sometimes also used

baguette

[D.J.:bæˈɡet]

[K.K.:bæˈɡɛt]

n.

法国长面包

baguette

baguette baguettes
A baguette is a type of long, thin, white bread which is traditionally made in France.
N-COUNT

bah

[D.J.:bɑ:]

[K.K.:bɑ, bæ]

int.

呸

bah

bah
` Bah ' is used in writing to represent a noise that people make in order to express contempt, disappointment, or annoyance. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Christmas? Bah! Humbug!

EXCLAM

Bahamian

[bəˈheimiən]

n.

巴哈马人; 巴哈马国民

巴哈马人后裔

adj.

巴哈马的, 与巴哈马有关的

Bahamian

1. Bahamian
Bahamian means belonging or relating to the Bahamas or to its people or culture.

- ...Bahamian Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham.

ADJ

2. Bahamian Bahamians
Bahamians are people who come from the Bahamas.
N-COUNT

bail

[D.J.:beil]

[K.K.:bel]

n.

(法庭命令缴付的)保释金

vt.

保释, 帮助脱离困境

bailing

[ˈbeiliŋ]

n.

(凿井时用吊桶)排水

bail **

1. bail
Bail is a sum of money that an arrested person or someone else puts forward as a guarantee that the arrested person will attend their trial in a law court. If the arrested person does not attend it, the money will be lost.

- He was freed on bail pending an appeal.

- The high court set bail at $8,000.

N-UNCOUNT: oft on N

2. bail
Bail is permission for an arrested person to be released after bail has been paid.

- He was yesterday given bail by South Yorkshire magistrates.

N-UNCOUNT

3. bail bails bailing bailed
If someone is bailed , they are released while they are waiting for their trial, after paying an amount of money to the court.

- He was bailed for probation reports.

- He was bailed to appear before local magistrates on 5 November.

VB: usu passive

4. bail bails
In cricket, the bails are the two small pieces of wood that are laid across the top of the stumps to form the wicket.
N-COUNT: usu pl

5. bail bails bailing bailed
If you bail , you use a container to remove water from a boat or from a place which is flooded.

- We kept her afloat for a couple of hours by bailing frantically.

VB The spelling bale is also used

6. bail out bails out; bailing out; bailed out
Bail out means the same as bail .

- A crew was sent down the shaft to close it off and bail out all the water.

- The flood waters have receded since then, but residents are still bailing out.

PHR-V The spelling bale is also used

7. bail
If a prisoner jumps bail , he or she does not come back for his or her trial after being released on bail.

- He had jumped bail last year while being tried on drug charges.

PHR: V inflects

bail out **

1. bail out bails out; bailing out; bailed out
If you bail someone out , you help them out of a difficult situation, often by giving them money.

- They will discuss how to bail the economy out of its slump.

- He desperately needed cash to bail out the ailing restaurant.

- The airline had losses of $35m and was bailed out by Qantas.

PHR-V The spelling bale is also used

2. bail out bails out; bailing out; bailed out
If you bail someone out , you pay bail on their behalf.

- He has been jailed eight times. Each time, friends bailed him out.

PHR-V

3. bail out bails out; bailing out; bailed out
If a pilot bails out of an aircraft that is crashing, he or she jumps from it, using a parachute to land safely.

- Reid was forced to bail out of the crippled aircraft.

- The pilot bailed out safely.

PHR-V The spelling bale is also used

bail

noun Law

security

bond

guarantee

pledge

surety

warranty

bailiff

[D.J.:ˈbeilif]

[K.K.:ˈbelɪf]

n.

法警, 法院执行官

bailiff *

1. bailiff bailiffs
A bailiff is a law officer who makes sure that the decisions of a court are obeyed. Bailiffs can take a person's furniture or possessions away if the person owes money. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. bailiff bailiffs
A bailiff is an official in a court of law who deals with tasks such as keeping control in court. (AM)
N-COUNT

3. bailiff bailiffs
A bailiff is a person who is employed to look after land or property for the owner. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

bairn

[D.J.:bɛən]

[K.K.:bɛrn]

n.

小孩

bairn

bairn bairns
A bairn is a child. (SCOTTISH)

- He's a lovely bairn.

N-COUNT

bait

[D.J.:beit]

[K.K.:bet]

n.

(钓鱼等用的)饵, 诱饵

vt.

装饵于

故意激怒

baiting

下料

bait **

1. bait baits
Bait is food which you put on a hook or in a trap in order to catch fish or animals.
N-VAR

2. bait baits baiting baited
If you bait a hook or trap, you put bait on it or in it.

- He baited his hook with pie.

- The boys dug pits and baited them so that they could spear their prey.

- ...baited lures.

VB

3. bait
To use something as bait means to use it to trick or persuade someone to do something.

- Service stations make only a nominal profit on petrol, using it as a bait to lure motorists into the restaurants and other facilities.

- Television programmes are essentially bait to attract an audience for advertisements.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

4. bait baits baiting baited
If you bait someone, you deliberately try to make them angry by teasing them.

- He delighted in baiting his mother.

VB
= needle

5. bait
If you take the bait , you react to something that someone has said or done exactly as they intended you to do. The expression rise to the bait is also used, mainly in British English.

- When she attempts to make you feel guilty, don't take the bait.

- Their behaviour may seem insulting, but it's important not to rise to the bait and get cross.

PHR: V inflects

bait

noun

1.

lure

allurement

attraction

decoy

enticement

incentive

inducement

snare

temptation

verb

2.

tease

annoy

bother

harass

hassle informal

hound

irritate

persecute

torment

wind up Brit. slang

-baiting

1. -baiting
You use -baiting after nouns to refer to the activity of attacking a particular group of people or laughing at their beliefs.
COMB in N-UNCOUNT

2. -baiting
Badger -baiting , bear -baiting , and bull -baiting involve making these animals fight dogs, while making sure that the animals are unable to defend themselves properly.
COMB in N-UNCOUNT

baize

[D.J.:beiz]

[K.K.:bez]

n.

台面呢(一种厚毛呢, 通常为绿色, 用作台球桌、牌桌、门等的衬垫)

baize

baize
Baize is a thick woollen material which is used for covering tables on which games such as cards and snooker are played.
N-UNCOUNT

bake

[D.J.:beik]

[K.K.:bek]

vt. & vi.

烤, 烘焙

baked

[D.J.:beɪkt]

[K.K.:bekt]

adj.

烘烤制作的;【俚语】 喝醉的, 酒醉的

baking

[D.J.:ˈbeikiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbekɪŋ]

n.

烘焙,一次烘焙的量

bake ***

1. bake bakes baking baked
If you bake , you spend some time preparing and mixing together ingredients to make bread, cakes, pies, or other food which is cooked in the oven.

- How did you learn to bake cakes?.

- I love to bake.

VB: no passive

2. baking

- On a Thursday she used to do all the baking.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N

3. bake bakes baking baked
When a cake or bread bakes or when you bake it, it cooks in the oven without any extra liquid or fat.

- Bake the cake for 35 to 50 minutes.

- The batter rises as it bakes.

- ...freshly baked bread.

V-ERG

4. bake bakes baking baked
If places or people become extremely hot because the sun is shining very strongly, you can say that they bake .

- If you closed the windows you baked.

- Britain bakes in a Mediterranean heatwave.

VB

5. bake bakes
A vegetable or fish bake is a dish that is made by chopping up and mixing together a number of ingredients and cooking them in the oven so that they form a fairly dry solid mass. (BRIT)

- ...an aubergine bake.

N-COUNT: usu n N

baking *

1. baking
You can use baking to describe weather or a place that is very hot indeed.

- ...a baking July day...

- The coffins stood in the baking heat surrounded by mourners.

- ...the baking Jordanian desert.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= stifling roasting

2. baking
Also an adverb.

- ...the baking hot summer of 1969.

ADV: ADV adj
See also bake .

baked

adjective

dry

arid

desiccated

parched

scorched

seared

sun-baked

torrid

baked beans

baked beans
Baked beans are dried beans cooked in tomato sauce in Britain or cooked with salt pork in North America. Baked beans are usually sold in cans.
N-PLURAL

Bakelite

Bakelite
Bakelite is a type of hard plastic that was used in the past for making things such as telephones and radios. (TRADEMARK)
N-UNCOUNT

baker

[D.J.:ˈbeɪkə]

[K.K.:ˈbekɚ]

n.

面包师;糕点师

面包店店主;糕点店店主

<美>轻便烘炉

a baker’s dozen

十三

baker *

1. baker bakers
A baker is a person whose job is to bake and sell bread, pastries, and cakes.
N-COUNT

2. baker bakers
A baker or a baker's is a shop where bread and cakes are sold.

- They're freshly baked. I fetched them from the baker's this morning.

N-COUNT

bakery

[D.J.:ˈbeɪkəri:]

[K.K.:ˈbekəri]

n.

面包房,面包店

烘烤食品(面包、糕点等的总称)

bakery *

bakery bakeries
A bakery is a building where bread, pastries, and cakes are baked, or the shop where they are sold.

- A smell of bread drifted from some distant bakery.

N-COUNT

bakeware

烤盘

bakeware

bakeware
Tins, trays, and dishes that are used for baking can be referred to as bakeware .
N-UNCOUNT

baking powder

baking powder baking powders
Baking powder is an ingredient used in cake making. It causes cakes to rise when they are in the oven.
N-MASS

baking sheet

baking sheet baking sheets
A baking sheet is a flat piece of metal on which you bake foods such as biscuits or pies in an oven.

N-COUNT

baking soda

baking soda
Baking soda is the same as bicarbonate of soda .
N-UNCOUNT

baking tray

baking tray baking trays
A baking tray is the same as a baking sheet . (BRIT)
N-COUNT

balaclava

[D.J.:bæləˈklɑ:və]

[K.K.:ˌbælˈəklɑvə]

n.

巴拉克拉法帽

balaclava

balaclava balaclavas
A balaclava is a tight woollen hood that covers every part of your head except your face.
N-COUNT

balance

[D.J.:ˈbæləns]

[K.K.:ˈbæləns]

n.

平衡, 均衡

天平, 秤

结存, 结余, 余额

vt. & vi.

(使)平衡, (使)均衡

(使)相抵, (使)相等

权衡, 比较

balanced

[ˈbælənst]

adj.

平稳的,安定的,和谐的

balancing

[ˈbælənsiŋ]

n.

配平

balance ****

1. balance balances balancing balanced
To balance somewhere means to remain steady and not fall over.

- I balanced on the ledge.

- He balanced a football on his head.

V-ERG

2. balance
Balance is the ability to remain steady when you are standing up.

- The medicines you are currently taking could be affecting your balance.

N-UNCOUNT

3. balance balances balancing balanced
If you balance one thing with something different, each of the things has the same strength or importance.

- Balance spicy dishes with mild ones.

- The state has got to find some way to balance these two needs.

- Supply and demand on the currency market will generally balance.

V-RECIP-ERG

4. balanced

- This book is a well balanced biography.

ADJ: usu adv ADJ

5. balance
A balance is a situation in which all the different parts are equal in strength or importance.

- Their marriage is a delicate balance between traditional and contemporary values.

- There was no other way to ensure that people would get the right balance of foods.

- ...the ecological balance of the forest.

N-SING: with supp, oft N between pl-n
= equilibrium ≠ imbalance

6. balance
If you say that the balance tips in your favour, you start winning or succeeding, especially in a conflict or contest.

- ...a powerful new gun which could tip the balance of the war in their favour...

- The balance continues to swing away from final examinations to continuous assessment.

N-SING: the N
= scales

7. balance balances balancing balanced
If you balance one thing against another, you consider its importance in relation to the other one.

- She carefully tried to balance religious sensitivities against democratic freedom.

VB

8. balance balances balancing balanced
If someone balances their budget or if a government balances the economy of a country, they make sure that the amount of money that is spent is not greater than the amount that is received.

- He balanced his budgets by rigid control over public expenditure.

VB

9. balance balances balancing balanced
If you balance your books or make them balance , you prove by calculation that the amount of money you have received is equal to the amount that you have spent.

- ...teaching them to balance the books.

V-ERG

10. balance balances
The balance in your bank account is the amount of money you have in it.

- I'd like to check the balance in my account please.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

11. balance
The balance of an amount of money is what remains to be paid for something or what remains when part of the amount has been spent.

- They were due to pay the balance on delivery.

N-SING: the N
= remainder

12. balance
If something hangs in the balance , it is uncertain whether it will happen or continue.

- The fate of a project which could revolutionise the use of computers in hospitals hangs in the balance.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

13. balance
If you keep your balance , for example when standing in a moving vehicle, you remain steady and do not fall over. If you lose your balance , you become unsteady and fall over.

- She was holding onto the rail to keep her balance.

- He swung around, almost losing his balance.

PHR: V inflects

14. balance
If you are off balance , you are in an unsteady position and about to fall.

- A gust of wind knocked him off balance and he fell face down in the mud.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

15. balance
If you are thrown off balance by something, you are surprised or confused by it.

- She was trying to behave as if his visit hadn't thrown her off balance.

PHR: PHR after v

16. balance
You can say on balance to indicate that you are stating an opinion after considering all the relevant facts or arguments.

- On balance he agreed with Christine.

PHR: PHR with cl

balanced **

1. balanced
A balanced report, book, or other document takes into account all the different opinions on something and presents information in a fair and reasonable way.

- ...a fair, balanced, comprehensive report.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= objective

2. balanced
Something that is balanced is pleasing or useful because its different parts or elements are in the correct proportions.

- ...a balanced diet.

ADJ-GRADED approval

3. balanced
Someone who is balanced remains calm and thinks clearly, even in a difficult situation.

- I have to prove myself as a respectable, balanced, person.

ADJ-GRADED approval

balance

noun

1.

stability

composure

equanimity

poise

self-control

self-possession

steadiness

2.

equilibrium

correspondence

equity

equivalence

evenness

parity

symmetry

3.

remainder

difference

residue

rest

surplus

verb

4.

stabilize

level

match

parallel

steady

5.

compare

assess

consider

deliberate

estimate

evaluate

weigh

6.

calculate

compute

settle

square

tally

total

balance out ****

balance out balances out; balancing out; balanced out
If two or more opposite things balance out or if you balance them out , they become equal in amount, value, or effect.

- Outgoings and revenues balanced out.

- The strenuous exercise undergone could balance out the increased calories.

PHR-V-ERG

balance of payments *

balance of payments balances of payments
A country's balance of payments is the difference, over a period of time, between the payments it makes to other countries for imports and the payments it receives from other countries for exports.

- Britain's balance of payments deficit has improved slightly.

N-COUNT: usu sing

balance of power *

1. balance of power
The balance of power is a situation in which power is distributed between rival groups or countries in such a way that no single group or country is stronger than the others.

- ...changes in the balance of power between the United States and Europe.

N-SING

2. balance of power
If a small political party holds the balance of power in a government, it is able to give a larger party a majority by supporting this larger party.

- The system of proportional representation has led to the minority parties continually holding the balance of power in the parliament.

N-SING

balance of trade

balance of trade balances of trade
A country's balance of trade is the difference in value, over a period of time, between the goods it imports and the goods it exports.

- The deficit in Britain's balance of trade in March rose to more than 532100 million pounds.

N-COUNT: usu sing

balance sheet *

balance sheet balance sheets
A balance sheet is a written statement of the amount of money and property that a company or person has, including amounts of money that are owed or are owing. Balance sheet is also used to refer to the general financial state of a company.

- Rolls-Royce needed a strong balance sheet.

N-COUNT

balancing act

balancing act balancing acts
If you perform a balancing act , you try to deal successfully with two or more people, groups, or situations that are in opposition to each other.

- ...a delicate balancing act between a career, a home, and motherhood.

N-COUNT: usu sing

balcony

[D.J.:ˈbælkəni]

[K.K.:ˈbælkəni]

n.

阳台

(电影院等的)楼厅, 楼座

balcony **

1. balcony balconies
A balcony is a platform on the outside of a building, above ground level, with a wall or railing around it.
N-COUNT

2. balcony
The balcony in a theatre or cinema is an area of seats above the main seating area.
N-SING
= circle

balcony

noun Accounting

1.

terrace

veranda

2.

upper circle

gallery

gods

bald

[D.J.:bɔ:ld]

[K.K.:bɔld]

adj.

秃头的, 秃的

明显的, 不加掩饰的

baldly

[ˈbɔ:ldli]

adv.

坦率地

baldness

n.

光秃,枯燥,率直

bald **

1. bald balder baldest
Someone who is bald has little or no hair on the top of their head.

- The man's bald head was beaded with sweat.

- She is going bald.

ADJ-GRADED

2. baldness

- He wears a cap to cover a spot of baldness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. bald balder baldest
If a tyre is bald , its surface has worn down and it is no longer safe to use.
ADJ-GRADED

4. bald
A bald statement is in plain language and contains no extra explanation or information.

- The announcement came in a bald statement from the official news agency.

- The bald truth is he's just not happy.

ADJ: ADJ n
= blunt

5. baldly

- `The leaders are outdated,' he stated baldly. `They don't relate to young people.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= bluntly

bald

adjective

1.

hairless

baldheaded

depilated

2.

plain

blunt

direct

forthright

straightforward

unadorned

unvarnished

baldness

noun

1.

hairlessness

alopecia Pathology

baldheadedness

2.

plainness

austerity

bluntness

severity

simplicity

bald eagle

bald eagle bald eagles
A bald eagle is a large eagle with a white head that lives in North America. It is the national bird of the United States of America.
N-COUNT

balderdash

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:ldəˌdæʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbɔldɚˌdæʃ]

n.

胡言乱语,废话

balderdash

balderdash
If you say that something that has been said or written is balderdash , you think it is completely untrue or very stupid. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- What a load of balderdash!

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

balderdash

noun

nonsense

claptrap informal

drivel

garbage informal

gibberish

hogwash

hot air informal

rubbish

balding

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:ldiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbɔldɪŋ]

adj.

渐渐变秃的

balding *

balding
Someone who is balding is beginning to lose the hair on the top of their head.

- He wore a straw hat to keep his balding head from getting sunburned.

ADJ

baldy

〈俚〉秃子

baldy

baldy
People sometimes refer to a bald person as a baldy , especially if they are talking about them or to them in a friendly or humorous way. (INFORMAL)

- The actor Patrick Stewart is a long-time baldy and proud of it.

- Get lost, baldy.

N-COUNT; also N-VOC

bale

[D.J.:beɪl]

[K.K.:bel]

n.

(货物)包,捆

vt.

将某物打成包或包装成捆

baling

[ˈbeiliŋ]

n.

包装,打包

bale *

1. bale bales
A bale is a large quantity of something such as hay, cloth, or paper, tied together tightly.

- ...bales of hay.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp

2. bale bales baling baled
If something such as hay, cloth, or paper is baled , it is tied together tightly.

- Once hay has been cut and baled it has to go through some chemical processes.

VB

baleful

[D.J.:ˈbeɪlfəl]

[K.K.:ˈbelfəl]

adj.

凶恶的;有害的;险恶的

balefully

adv.

凶恶地;有害地

balefully

adv.

灾难地,有害地

baleful

1. baleful
Baleful means harmful, or expressing harmful intentions. (LITERARY)

- He had a baleful look.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. balefully

- He watched balefully as Cassandra walked towards him.

ADV: ADV with v

balk

[D.J.:bɔ:k]

[K.K.:bɔk]

vi.

畏缩不前, 犹豫

(指马)不肯跑

balking

[ˈbɔ:kiŋ]

n.

慢行,阻行

balk *

balk balks balking balked
If you balk at something, you definitely do not want to do it or to let it happen.

- Even biology undergraduates may balk at animal experiments.

- Last October the bank balked, alarmed that a $24m profit had turned into a $20m deficit.

VB also baulk .
= flinch recoil

balk baulk

verb Informal

1.

recoil

evade

flinch

hesitate

jib

refuse

resist

shirk

shrink from

2.

foil

check

counteract

defeat

frustrate

hinder

obstruct

prevent

thwart

Balkanization

[ˌbɔ:lkənaiˈzeiʃən;-niˈz-]

n.

分割成小国,使割据

Balkanization

Balkanization
If you disapprove of the division of a country into separate independent states, you can refer to the Balkanization of the country.

- We've never accepted that there should be fragmentation or balkanization of the country.

N-UNCOUNT The spellings balkanization , and in British English balkanisation are also used. disapproval

ball

[D.J.:bɔ:l]

[K.K.:bɔl]

n.

球, 球状物

舞会

balled

再包土的

balling

[ˈbɔ:liŋ]

n.

成球

balls

[bɔ:lz]

Ⅰn.

①〈忌〉〈口〉杂乱②胡说

Ⅱint.

〈忌〉〈口〉胡说

ball ****

1. ball balls
A ball is a round object that is used in games such as tennis, baseball, soccer, basketball, and cricket.

- ...a golf ball.

- ...a tennis ball.

N-COUNT

2. ball balls
A ball is something or an amount of something that has a round shape.

- Thomas screwed the letter up into a ball.

- They heard a loud explosion and saw a ball of fire go up.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

3. ball balls balling balled
When you ball something or when it balls , it becomes round.

- He picked up the sheets of paper, and balled them tightly in his fists.

- His hands balled into fists.

- I picked up the balled socks.

V-ERG

4. ball up balls up balling up; balled up
Ball up means the same as ball .

- She balled the handkerchief up and threw it at his feet.

- Brian's face balled up like a fist.

PHR-V-ERG

5. ball balls
The ball of your foot or the ball of your thumb is the rounded part where your toes join your foot or where your thumb joins your hand.
N-COUNT: usu the N of n

6. ball balls
A ball is a large formal social event at which people dance.
N-COUNT

7. ball balls
A man's balls are his testicles . (INFORMAL) ( VERY RUDE)
N-COUNT: usu pl

8. ball
If you say that the ball is in someone's court , you mean that it is his or her responsibility to take the next action or decision in a situation.

- The ball's now in your court -- you have to decide what you're going to do.

PHR: V inflects

9. ball
If you get the ball rolling , set the ball rolling , or start the ball rolling , you start something happening.

- He will go to the Middle East next week to get the ball rolling again on peace talks.

- I just want enough cash to start the ball rolling.

PHR: V inflects

10. ball
If you are having a ball , you are having a very enjoyable time. (INFORMAL)

- Outside the boys were sitting on the ground and, going by the gales of laughter, they were having a ball.

PHR: V inflects

11. ball
If you keep several balls in the air , you try to do several different things at once.

- The detective has to discover the motive, the means and the opportunity and has to keep these three balls in the air.

- ...unhappy mothers trying to juggle ten balls in the air.

PHR: V inflects

12. ball
If someone is on the ball , they are very alert and aware of what is happening.

- She really is on the ball; she's bought houses at auctions so she knows what she's doing.

PHR: v-link PHR

13. ball
If someone refuses to play ball , they are unwilling to do what someone wants them to do. (INFORMAL)

- The association has threatened to withdraw its support if the banks and building societies refuse to play ball.

PHR: V inflects

balls

1. balls
If you say that someone has balls , you mean that they have courage. (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- To work on this show you've got to have balls.

- I never had the balls to do anything like this.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N to-inf approval
= guts

2. balls
You can say ` balls ' or say that what someone says is balls when you think that it is stupid or wrong. (BRIT, INFORMAL) ( VERY RUDE)

- What complete and utter balls!

EXCLAM; N-UNCOUNT feelings

balls up

balls up ballses up; ballsing up; ballsed up
If you balls up a task or activity, you do it very badly, making a lot of mistakes. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- You have single-handedly ballsed up the most important diplomatic initiative of the decade!.

- I have no intention of letting you balls it up.

PHR-V

ball

noun

sphere

drop

globe

globule

orb

pellet

spheroid

ballad

[D.J.:ˈbæləd]

[K.K.:ˈbæləd]

n.

民歌,民谣,特别指叙述故事的歌

ballad *

1. ballad ballads
A ballad is a long song or poem which tells a story in simple language.

- ...an eighteenth century ballad about some lost children called the Babes in the Wood.

N-COUNT

2. ballad ballads
A ballad is a slow, romantic, popular song.

- `You Don't Know Paris' is one of the most beautiful ballads that he ever wrote.

N-COUNT

ballast

[D.J.:ˈbæləst]

[K.K.:ˈbæləst]

n.

(保持船身稳定的)压舱物

镇定物, 稳定因素; 安定, 沉着

vt.

给某物装上压舱物

ballasting

n.

压舱材料；道砟材料

ballasting

[ˈbæləstiŋ]

n.

压舱,加沙袋

ballast *

ballast
Ballast is any substance that is used in ships or hot-air balloons to make them heavier and more stable. Ballast usually consists of water, sand, or iron.
N-UNCOUNT

ballast

noun

counterbalance

balance

counterweight

equilibrium

sandbag

stability

stabilizer

weight

ball bearing

ball bearing ball bearings
Ball bearings are small metal balls placed between the moving parts of a machine to make the parts move smoothly.
N-COUNT also ball-bearing .

ball boy

ball boy ball boys
In a tennis match, the ball boys pick up any balls that go into the net or off the court and throw them back to the players. In a baseball game, the ball boys are in charge of collecting the balls that are hit out of the field.
N-COUNT

ballerina

[D.J.:ˌbæləˈri:nə]

[K.K.:ˌbæləˈrinə]

n.

(意大利语)芭蕾舞女演员(尤指演主角的)

ballerina *

ballerina ballerinas
A ballerina is a woman ballet dancer.
N-COUNT

ballet

[D.J.:ˈbælei]

[K.K.:bæˈle, ˈbælˌe]

n.

芭蕾舞

芭蕾舞剧

芭蕾舞团

ballet **

1. ballet
Ballet is a type of very skilled and artistic dancing with carefully planned movements.

- I trained as a ballet dancer.

- She is also keen on the ballet.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N, oft N n

2. ballet ballets
A ballet is an artistic work that is performed by ballet dancers.

- The performance will include the premiere of three new ballets.

N-COUNT

balletic

adj.

象芭蕾舞的

balletic

balletic
If you describe someone's movements as balletic , you mean that they have some of the graceful qualities of ballet.

- The subject seems to dance with balletic grace.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

ball game *

1. ball game ball games
Ball games are games that are played with a ball such as tennis, baseball, and football.
N-COUNT: usu pl also ballgame .

2. ball game ball games
A ball game is a baseball match. (AM)

- I'd still like to go to a ball game.

N-COUNT also ballgame .

3. ball game
If you say that a situation is a new ball game , you mean that it is completely different from, or much more difficult than, the previous situation or any situation that you have experienced before.

- Two of his biggest competitors are out of the ball game.

- He finds himself faced with a whole new ball game.

PHR also ballgame .

ball girl

ball girl ballgirls
In a tennis match, the ball girls pick up any balls that go into the net or off the court and throw them back to the players. In a baseball game, the ball girls are in charge of collecting the balls that are hit out of the field.
N-COUNT

ballgown

ballgown ballgowns
A ballgown is a long dress that women wear to formal dances.
N-COUNT

ballistic

[D.J.:bəˈlɪstɪk]

[K.K.:bəˈlɪstɪk]

adj.

发射的;弹道(学)的; 衡量冲击强度的

go ballistic

大怒； 暴跳如雷

ballistic *

1. ballistic
Ballistic means relating to ballistics.

- ...ballistic missiles...

- Ballistic tests have matched the weapons with bullets taken from the bodies of victims.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. ballistic
If someone goes ballistic , they suddenly become very angry. (INFORMAL)

- The singer went ballistic after one member of his band allegedly failed to show for a sound check on the recent American tour.

PHR: V inflects

3. ballistic
If something goes ballistic , it suddenly becomes very much greater or more powerful, often in a surprising or unwanted way. (INFORMAL)

- August registrations have gone ballistic, accounting now for a quarter of the annual total.

PHR: V inflects
= mushroom

ballistics

[D.J.:bəˈlistiks]

[K.K.:bəˈlɪstɪks]

n.

(有关炮弹发射)弹道学

ballistics

ballistics
Ballistics is the study of the movement of objects that are shot or thrown through the air, such as bullets fired from a gun.

- The weapons are undergoing ballistics tests to see whether they were used in the shootings.

N-UNCOUNT

balloon

[D.J.:bəˈlu:n]

[K.K.:bəˈlun]

n.

气球

ballooning

[D.J.:bəˈlʊnɪŋ]

[K.K.:bəˈlʊnɪŋ]

n.

气球操纵;乘气球

balloon **

1. balloon balloons
A balloon is a small, thin, rubber bag that you blow air into so that it becomes larger and rounder or longer. Balloons are used as toys or decorations.

- She popped a balloon with her fork.

N-COUNT

2. balloon balloons
A balloon is a large, strong bag filled with gas or hot air, which can carry passengers in a container that hangs underneath it.

- They are to attempt to be the first to circle the Earth non-stop by balloon.

N-COUNT: also by N

3. balloon balloons ballooning ballooned
When something balloons , it increases rapidly in amount.

- In London, the use of the Tube has ballooned.

- The budget deficit has ballooned to $25 billion.

VB
= soar rocket

ballooning

ballooning
Ballooning is the sport or activity of flying a hot-air balloon.
N-UNCOUNT

balloon

verb

swell

billow

blow up

dilate

distend

expand

grow rapidly

inflate

puff out

balloonist

[bəˈlu:nist]

n.

气球驾驶者

balloonist

balloonist balloonists
A balloonist is a person who flies a hot-air balloon.
N-COUNT

ballot

[D.J.:ˈbælət]

[K.K.:ˈbælət]

n.

投票表决, 选举

选票

vt. & vi.

(使)投票表决

ballot ***

1. ballot ballots
A ballot is a secret vote in which people select a candidate in an election, or express their opinion about something.

- The result of the ballot will not be known for two weeks.

- Fifty of its members will be elected by direct ballot.

N-COUNT: also by N

2. ballot ballots
A ballot is a piece of paper on which you indicate your choice or opinion in a secret vote.

- Election boards will count the ballots by hand.

- They succeeded in putting Perot's name on the ballot in Florida.

N-COUNT
= ballot paper

3. ballot ballots balloting balloted
If you ballot a group of people, you find out what they think about a subject by organizing a secret vote.

- The union said they will ballot members on whether to strike.

VB
= poll

4. balloting

- International observers say the balloting was fair.

N-UNCOUNT

ballot

noun

vote

election

poll

polling

voting

ballot box *

1. ballot box ballot boxes
A ballot box is the box into which ballot papers are put after people have voted.
N-COUNT

2. ballot box
You can refer to the system of democratic elections as the ballot box .

- Martinez expressed confidence of victory at the ballot box.

N-SING: the N

ballot paper

ballot paper ballot papers
A ballot paper is a piece of paper on which you indicate your choice or opinion in an election or ballot.
N-COUNT: usu pl

ballot rigging

ballot rigging
Ballot rigging is the act of illegally changing the result of an election by producing a false record of the number of votes.

- The poll was widely discredited after allegations of ballot rigging.

N-UNCOUNT also ballot-rigging .

ballpark

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:lpɑ:k]

[K.K.:ˈbɔlˌpɑrk]

n.

棒球场

adj.

运动场的; 大致正确的

ballpark

1. ballpark ballparks
A ballpark is a park or stadium where baseball is played.
N-COUNT also ball park .

2. ballpark
A ballpark figure or ballpark estimate is an approximate figure or estimate.

- I can't give you anything more than just sort of a ballpark figure.

- Ballpark estimates indicate a price tag of $90 million a month.

ADJ: ADJ n also ball park .

3. ballpark
If something such as an amount or claim is in the ballpark , it is approximately right, but not exact. (INFORMAL)

- If you compare it to some of the other surveys that have been recently conducted, then it is in the general ballpark.

- ...errors that are made within a system that already is generally in the right ballpark.

N-SING: the N also ball park .

4. ballpark
If you say that someone or something is in the ballpark , you mean that they are able to take part in a particular area of activity, especially because they are considered as good as others taking part.

- This puts them in the ballpark and makes them a major player.

- As a general investigative agency, they're not in the same ballpark as the FBI.

N-SING: the N also ball park .

ballplayer

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:lˌpleiə]

[K.K.:ˈbɔlˌpleɚ]

n.

棒球手

ballplayer

ballplayer ballplayers
A ballplayer is a baseball player. (AM)
N-COUNT also ball player .

ballpoint

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:lˌpɔɪnt]

[K.K.:ˈbɔlˌpɔɪnt]

n.

(笔的)圆珠笔

ballpoint

ballpoint ballpoints
A ballpoint or a ballpoint pen is a pen with a very small metal ball at the end which transfers the ink from the pen onto a surface.
N-COUNT
= Biro

ballroom

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:lˌru:m, -ˌrʊm]

[K.K.:ˈbɔlˌrum, -ˌrʊm]

n.

舞厅

ballroom *

ballroom ballrooms
A ballroom is a very large room that is used for dancing.
N-COUNT

ballroom dancing

ballroom dancing
Ballroom dancing is a type of dancing in which a man and a woman dance together using fixed sequences of steps and movements.
N-UNCOUNT

balls-up

n.

混乱,一团糟

balls-up

balls-up balls-ups
If you make a balls-up of something, you do it very badly and make a lot of mistakes. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- He was in danger of making a real balls-up of this.

N-COUNT
= pig's ear

ballsy

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:lzi]

[K.K.:ˈbɔlzi]

adj.

胆识过人的

ballsy

ballsy ballsier ballsiest
You can describe a person or their behaviour as ballsy if you admire them because you think they are energetic and brave. (INFORMAL)

- ...ballsy magazine editor Magda Jacobsen.

- ...ballsy, gutsy live rap music.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ n approval

ballyhoo

[D.J.:ˈbæli:ˌhu:]

[K.K.:ˈbæliˌhu]

n.

呐喊,喧闹

大吹大擂,假大空的宣传

vt.

(为...)大吹大擂

ballyhoo

1. ballyhoo
You can use ballyhoo to refer to great excitement or anger about something, especially when you disapprove of it because you think it is unnecessary or exaggerated.

- Dr Gallo announced, amid much ballyhoo, that his laboratory had found the virus that caused AIDS.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N disapproval
= to-do

2. ballyhoo ballyhooing ballyhooed
If you say that something is ballyhooed , you mean that there is a lot of excitement about it and people are claiming that it is very good. You use this word especially when you think the thing is not as exciting or good as people say.

- The power of red wine to counteract high cholesterol has been ballyhooed in the press.

- ...the much-ballyhooed new Star Wars movie.

VB: usu passive disapproval

ballyhoo

noun Informal

fuss

babble

commotion

hubbub

hue and cry

hullabaloo

noise

racket

to-do

balm

[D.J.:bɑ:m]

[K.K.:bɑm]

n.

(治愈或镇痛用的)香脂;香膏;镇痛软膏

安慰(物);慰藉(物)

balm *

1. balm balms
Balm is a sweet-smelling oil that is obtained from some tropical trees and used to make creams that heal wounds or reduce pain.
N-MASS

2. balm
If you refer to something as balm , you mean that it makes you feel better.

- The place is balm to the soul.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N approval

balm

noun

1.

ointment

balsam

cream

embrocation

emollient

lotion

salve

unguent

2.

comfort

anodyne

consolation

curative

palliative

restorative

solace

balmy

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:mi:]

[K.K.:ˈbɑmi]

adj.

(指空气)暖和的;温暖的

芳香的;能止痛的;如香酯的

balmy

balmy
Balmy weather is fairly warm and pleasant.

- ...a balmy summer's evening.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

balmy

adjective

mild

clement

pleasant

summery

temperate

baloney

[D.J.:bəˈləuni]

[K.K.:bəˈloni]

n.

胡说八道; 瞎扯; 鬼话

baloney

baloney
If you say that an idea or statement is baloney , you disapprove of it and think it is foolish or wrong. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- That's a load of baloney.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= rubbish garbage

balsa

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:lsə]

[K.K.:ˈbɔlsə]

n.

轻木(用于制造模型)

balsa

balsa
Balsa or balsa wood is a very light wood from a South American tree.
N-UNCOUNT

balsam

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:lsəm]

[K.K.:ˈbɔlsəm]

n.

香树脂

香膏

香脂树

凤仙花属植物

balsam

balsam
Balsam is a sweet-smelling oil that is obtained from certain trees or bushes and used to make medicines and perfumes.
N-UNCOUNT

balsamic vinegar

balsamic vinegar
Balsamic vinegar is a type of vinegar which tastes sweet and is made from grape juice.
N-UNCOUNT

balti

balti baltis
A balti is a vegetable or meat dish of Indian origin which is cooked and served in a bowl-shaped pan.
N-VAR

balustrade

[D.J.:ˈbæləˌstreɪd]

[K.K.:ˈbæləˌstred]

n.

(阳台的)栏杆,扶手

balustrade

balustrade balustrades
A balustrade is a railing or wall on a balcony or staircase.
N-COUNT

bamboo

[D.J.:bæmˈbu:]

[K.K.:bæmˈbu]

n.

竹, 竹竿

bamboo *

bamboo bamboos
Bamboo is a tall tropical plant with hard, hollow stems. The young shoots of the plant can be eaten and the stems are used to make furniture.

- ...huts with walls of bamboo.

- ...bamboo shoots.

N-VAR

bamboozle

[D.J.:bæmˈbu:zəl]

[K.K.:bæmˈbuzəl]

vt.

<口>欺骗;使迷惑

bamboozle

bamboozle bamboozles bamboozling bamboozled
To bamboozle someone means to confuse them greatly and often trick them.

- He bamboozled Mercer into defeat.

- He was bamboozled by con men.

VB
= dupe

bamboozle

verb Informal

1.

cheat

con informal

deceive

dupe

fool

hoodwink

swindle

trick

2.

puzzle

baffle

befuddle

confound

confuse

mystify

perplex

stump

ban

[D.J.:bæn]

[K.K.:bæn]

vt.

取缔, 查封, 禁止

n.

禁止, 禁令

bans

[D.J.:bænz]

[K.K.:bænz]

n.

结婚预告

ban ****

1. ban bans banning banned
To ban something means to state officially that it must not be done, shown, or used.

- Canada will ban smoking in all offices later this year.

- Last year arms sales were banned.

- ...a banned substance.

VB
= prohibit

2. banning bannings

- No reason was given for the banning of the magazine.

- Opposition groups see the bannings as the latest stage of a government clampdown.

N-VAR

3. ban bans
A ban is an official ruling that something must not be done, shown, or used.

- The General also lifted a ban on political parties.

N-COUNT: oft N on n

4. ban bans banning banned
If you are banned from doing something, you are officially prevented from doing it.

- He was banned from driving for three years.

VB
= bar

ban

verb

1.

prohibit

banish

bar

block

boycott

disallow

disqualify

exclude

forbid

outlaw

noun

2.

prohibition

boycott

disqualification

embargo

restriction

taboo

banal

[D.J.:bəˈnæl, ˈbeɪnəl, bəˈnɑ:l]

[K.K.:bəˈnæl, ˈbenəl, bəˈnɑl]

adj.

陈旧的;平庸的;乏味的

banality

n.

平常,乏味

banality

[D.J.:bəˈnælɪti:, beɪ-]

[K.K.:bəˈnælɪti, be-]

n.

平庸;陈腐

banal *

1. banal
If you describe something as banal , you do not like it because you think that it is so ordinary that it is not at all effective or interesting.

- The text is banal.

- Bland, banal music tinkled discreetly from hidden loudspeakers.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= hackneyed

2. banal
You can refer to banal things as the banal .

- The allegations ranged from the banal to the bizarre.

N-SING: the N

3. banality banalities

- ...the banality of life...

- Neil's ability to utter banalities never ceased to amaze me.

N-VAR

banal

adjective

unoriginal

hackneyed

humdrum

mundane

pedestrian

stale

stereotyped

trite

unimaginative

banana

[D.J.:bəˈnɑ:nə]

[K.K.:bəˈnænə]

n.

香蕉

bananas

[D.J.:bəˈnɑ:nəs]

[K.K.:bəˈnænəz]

adj.

疯狂的,糊涂的

banana **

1. banana bananas
Bananas are long curved fruit with yellow skins.

- ...a bunch of bananas.

N-VAR

2. banana
If someone is behaving in a silly or crazy way, or if they become extremely angry, you can say that they are going bananas . (INFORMAL)

- People went bananas with boredom.

- Adamson's going to go bananas on this one.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

banana peel

banana peel banana peels
A banana peel is the same as a banana skin . (AM)
N-COUNT

banana republic

banana republic banana republics
Small, poor countries that are politically unstable are sometimes referred to as banana republics . (OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT

banana skin

1. banana skin banana skins
The thick yellow or green covering of a banana is called a banana skin . (BRIT; in AM use banana peel )
N-COUNT

2. banana skin banana skins
If an important or famous person slips on a banana skin , they say or do something that makes them look stupid and causes them problems. (JOURNALISM) (mainly BRIT; in AM use banana peel )

- She has slipped on her first ever business banana skin by opening up yet another high class hotel to compete with the rest.

N-COUNT

banana split

banana split banana splits
A banana split is a kind of dessert. It consists of a banana cut in half along its length, with ice cream, nuts, and sauce on top.
N-COUNT

band

[D.J.:bænd]

[K.K.:bænd]

n.

带, 箍

条纹

价值、数量等的范围; 无线电的波段, 频带

一群, 一伙

乐队, 乐团

vt.

用带绑扎

vt. & vi.

结合起来; 伙同

bands

[ˈbændz]

n.

法官,牧师或博士服的领饰

band ****

1. band bands
A band is a small group of musicians who play popular music such as jazz, rock, or pop.

- He was a drummer in a rock band.

- Local bands provide music for dancing.

N-COUNT-COLL
See also one-man band .

2. band bands
A band is a group of musicians who play brass and percussion instruments.

- Bands played German marches.

N-COUNT-COLL
See also brass band .

3. band bands
A band of people is a group of people who have joined together because they share an interest or belief.

- Bands of government soldiers, rebels and just plain criminals have been roaming some neighborhoods.

- ...a small but growing band of Japanese companies taking their first steps into American publishing.

N-COUNT-COLL: with supp

4. band bands
A band is a flat, narrow strip of cloth which you wear round your head or wrists, or which forms part of a piece of clothing.

- Almost all hospitals use a wrist-band of some kind with your name and details on it.

N-COUNT
= tape

See also armband , hatband , waistband .

5. band bands
A band is a strip of something such as colour, light, land, or cloth which contrasts with the areas on either side of it.

- ...bands of natural vegetation between strips of crops...

- A band of light glowed in the space between floor and door.

N-COUNT: with supp

6. band bands
A band is a strip or loop of metal or other strong material which strengthens something, or which holds several things together.

- Surgeon Geoffrey Horne placed a metal band around the knee cap to help it knit back together.

- ...a strong band of flat muscle tissue.

N-COUNT
= strap

See also elastic band , rubber band .

7. band bands
A band is a range of numbers or values within a system of measurement.

- For an initial service, a 10 megahertz-wide band of frequencies will be needed.

- ...a new tax band of 20p in the pound on the first £2,000 of taxable income.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
See also waveband .

8. band
If something such as a tax is banded , it is divided into bands according to the value of the thing being taxed. (BRIT; in AM use be bracketed )

- They appear to rule out some of the ideas that have been mentioned -- banding the tax so higher earners would pay more.

- ...a banding system based on property values...

- The choice will be between a flat-rate or a banded charge.

VB
= stream

band

noun

1.

ensemble

combo

group

orchestra

2.

gang

body

company

group

party

posse informal

band

noun

strip

belt

bond

chain

cord

ribbon

strap

band together ****

band together bands together; banding together; banded together
If people band together , they meet and act as a group in order to try and achieve something.

- Women banded together to protect each other.

- They banded together in their own small communities.

PHR-V

bandage

[D.J.:ˈbændidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈbændɪdʒ]

n.

绷带

vt.

用绷带绑扎

bandaging

绷带法

bandage *

1. bandage bandages
A bandage is a long strip of cloth which is wrapped around a wounded part of someone's body to protect or support it.

- We put some ointment and a bandage on his knee.

- His chest was swathed in bandages.

N-COUNT

2. bandage bandages bandaging bandaged
If you bandage a wound or part of someone's body, you tie a bandage around it.

- Apply a dressing to the wound and bandage it.

- ...a bandaged hand.

VB

3. bandage up; bandages up; bandaging up; bandaged up
Bandage up means the same as bandage .

- I bandaged the leg up and gave her aspirin for the pain.

PHR-V

bandage

noun

1.

dressing

compress

gauze

plaster

verb

2.

dress

bind

cover

swathe

Band-Aid

1. Band-Aid Band-Aids
A Band-Aid is a small piece of sticky tape that you use to cover small cuts or wounds on your body. (TRADEMARK) (mainly AM; in BRIT use plaster )

- She had a Band-Aid on her ankle.

N-VAR also band-aid .

2. Band-Aid
If you refer to a Band-Aid solution to a problem, you mean that you disapprove of it because you think that it will only be effective for a short period.

- What we need are long-term solutions, not short-term Band-Aid solutions.

ADJ: ADJ n also band-aid . disapproval
= cosmetic

bandanna

[D.J.:bænˈdænə]

[K.K.:bænˈdænə]

n.

印花大手帕

bandanna

bandanna bandannas
A bandanna is a brightly-coloured piece of cloth which is worn around a person's neck or head.

- He was wearing a bright yellow T-shirt and a bandanna around his neck.

N-COUNT also bandana .

B&B

abbr.

bed and breakfast 含早餐的旅馆

B&B

abbr.

bed and breakfast 含早餐之旅馆

B&B

1. B&B
B&B is the same as bed and breakfast .

- ...three nights b&b.

N-UNCOUNT also b&b .

2. B&B B&Bs
A B&B is the same as a bed and breakfast .

- There are B&Bs all over the islands.

N-COUNT also b&b .

banded

[D.J.:ˈbændɪd]

[K.K.:ˈbændɪd]

有带的,有条子的

banded

banded
If something is banded , it has one or more bands on it, often of a different colour which contrasts with the main colour.

- ...a stark tower, banded in dark and light stone.

- ...banded stripes of dyed wool.

ADJ: oft ADJ in/with n

-banded

-banded
-banded combines with colours to indicate that something has bands of a particular colour.

- Tables are set with white china and gold-banded silver cutlery.

COMB in ADJ
= -striped

bandit

[D.J.:ˈbændit]

[K.K.:ˈbændɪt]

n.

土匪, 强盗

bandit *

bandit bandits
Robbers are sometimes called bandits , especially if they are found in areas where the law has broken down.

- This is real bandit country.

N-COUNT
= outlaw

bandit

noun

robber

brigand

desperado

highwayman

marauder

outlaw

thief

banditry

[ˈbænditri]

n.

盗贼行为,贼党

banditry

banditry
Banditry is used to refer to acts of robbery and violence in areas where the rule of law has broken down.
N-UNCOUNT

bandleader

[D.J.:ˈbændli:də]

[K.K.:ˈbændˌlidɚ]

n.

乐队的领队

bandleader

bandleader bandleaders
A bandleader is the person who conducts a band, especially a jazz band.

- ...a noted trumpeter, composer and bandleader.

N-COUNT

bandsaw

[ˈbændsɔ:]

n.

带锯, 电动带锯

bandsaw

bandsaw bandsaws
A bandsaw is an electric saw that consists of a metal band that turns round and is used for cutting wood, metal, and other materials.
N-COUNT

bandsman

[D.J.:ˈbændzmən]

[K.K.:ˈbændzmən]

n.

军乐队成员; 铜管乐队队员

bandsman

bandsman bandsmen
Bandsmen are musicians in a band, especially a military or brass band.

- Military bandsmen played music from each country represented at the summit.

N-COUNT: usu pl

bandstand

[D.J.:ˈbændstænd]

[K.K.:ˈbændˌstænd]

n.

(有顶盖)室外音乐演奏台

bandstand

1. bandstand bandstands
A bandstand is a platform with a roof where a military band or a brass band can play in the open air.
N-COUNT: usu sing

2. bandstand bandstands
A bandstand is a platform inside a hall or large room where the band that is playing at a dance or other occasion stands. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT: usu sing

bandwagon

[D.J.:ˈbændˌwæɡən]

[K.K.:ˈbændˌwæɡən]

n.

(尤指政治上或商业上的)时尚, 浪潮, 声势浩大的活动

bandwagon *

1. bandwagon bandwagons
You can refer to an activity or movement that has suddenly become fashionable or popular as a bandwagon .

- So what is really happening as the information bandwagon starts to roll?

- ...the environmental bandwagon.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. bandwagon bandwagons
If someone, especially a politician, jumps or climbs on the bandwagon , they become involved in an activity or movement because it is fashionable or likely to succeed and not because they are really interested in it.

- In recent months many conservative politicians have jumped on the anti-immigrant bandwagon.

- Many farms are jumping on the bandwagon and advertising organically grown food.

- The socialists are now climbing on the bandwagon.

N-COUNT: usu sing disapproval

bandwidth

[D.J.:ˈbændwidθ]

[K.K.:ˈbændˌwɪdθ, -ˌwɪθ]

n.

带宽

bandwidth

bandwidth bandwidths
A bandwidth is the range of frequencies used for a particular telecommunications signal, radio transmission, or computer network.

N-VAR

bandy

[D.J.:ˈbændi]

[K.K.:ˈbændi]

vt.

吵嘴, 顶嘴

传播(谣言、消息等)(常为漫不经心地)

bandy

bandy bandies bandying bandied
If you bandy words with someone, you argue with them.

- Brand shook his head. He was tired of bandying words with the man.

- The prosecution and defense were bandying accusations back and forth.

VB

bandy about, bandy around

bandy about bandies about; bandying about; bandied about
If someone's name or something such as an idea is bandied about or is bandied around , that person or that thing is discussed by many people in a casual way.

- He whispered my name to newspapermen, knowing that it would be bandied about.

- Young players now hear various sums bandied around about how much players are getting.

PHR-V: usu passive disapproval

bane

[D.J.:beɪn]

[K.K.:ben]

n.

灾星;祸根;烦人的事

the bane of sb’s life/existence

使某人的生活不快(或不幸)的原因； 祸根； 灾星

bane

bane banes
The bane of someone or the bane of someone's life is something that frequently makes them feel unhappy or annoyed.

- Rain is the bane of holiday-makers.

- Spots can be the bane of a teenager's life.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the N of n

bane

noun

plague

bête noire

curse

nuisance

pest

ruin

scourge

torment

bang

[D.J.:bæŋ]

[K.K.:bæŋ]

n.

猛击, 猛撞

巨响, 爆炸声

vt.

猛击, 猛撞

vi.

发出砰的一声, 砰砰作响, 砰地敲[推, 扔]

bang **

1. bang
A bang is a sudden loud noise such as the noise of an explosion.

- I heard four or five loud bangs.

- She slammed the door with a bang.

- The television went bang.

N-COUNT; SOUND

2. bang bangs banging banged
If something bangs , it makes a sudden loud noise, once or several times.

- The engine spat and banged.

VB

3. bang bangs banging banged
If you bang a door or if it bangs , it closes suddenly with a loud noise.

- ...the sound of doors banging...

- All up and down the street the windows bang shut.

- The wind banged a door somewhere.

V-ERG
= slam

4. bang bangs banging banged
If you bang on something or if you bang it, you hit it hard, making a loud noise.

- We could bang on the desks and shout till they let us out.

- There is no point in shouting or banging the table.

VB

5. bang bangs banging banged
If you bang something on something or if you bang it down, you quickly and violently put it on a surface, because you are angry.

- She banged his dinner on the table.

- He banged down the telephone.

VB

6. bang bangs banging banged
If you bang a part of your body, you accidentally knock it against something and hurt yourself.

- She'd fainted and banged her head.

- He hurried into the hall, banging his shin against a chair in the darkness.

VB

7. bang bangs
Also a noun.

- ...a nasty bang on the head.

N-COUNT

8. bang bangs banging banged
If you bang into something or someone, you bump or knock them hard, usually because you are not looking where you are going.

- I didn't mean to bang into you.

- Various men kept banging into me in the narrow corridor.

VB
= bump

9. bang bangs
The part of someone's hair that covers their forehead and that is cut straight across is referred to as their bangs . (AM; in BRIT use fringe )

- My bangs were cut short, but the rest of my hair was long.

N-PLURAL

10. bang
You can use bang to emphasize expressions that indicate an exact position or an exact time.

- ...bang in the middle of the track...

- For once you leave bang on time for work.

ADV: ADV prep emphasis
= right

11. bang
If you say bang goes something, you mean that it is now obvious that it cannot succeed or be achieved.

- There will be more work to do, not less. Bang goes the fantasy of retirement at 35.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

12. bang
If something begins or ends with a bang , it begins or ends with a lot of energy, enthusiasm, or success.

- Her career began with a bang in 1986.

PHR: PHR after v

bang

noun

1.

explosion

clang

clap

clash

pop

slam

thud

thump

2.

blow

bump

cuff

knock

punch

smack

stroke

whack

verb

3.

hit

belt informal

clatter

knock

slam

strike

thump

4.

explode

boom

clang

resound

thump

thunder

adverb

5.

hard

abruptly

headlong

noisily

suddenly

6.

straight

precisely

slap

smack

bang on about **

bang on bangs on; banging on; banged on
If someone bangs on about something, they keep talking about it in a boring or annoying way. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He has been banging on about education reform for years.

PHR-V: no passive

bang out **

1. bang out bangs out; banging out; banged out
If a company bangs out a poor quality product, they produce large quantities of it in order to make money.

- ...factories that banged out the same product year after year.

PHR-V disapproval

2. bang out bangs out; banging out; banged out
If someone bangs out a tune on a musical instrument such as a piano, they play it loudly and not very well.

- ...the same version of `Mr Tambourine Man' he's been banging out since the world was young.

PHR-V

bang up **

bang up bangs up; banging up; banged up
When a prisoner is banged up , they are put in prison and locked in a cell. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- You become a rebel if you are banged up in a cell 23 hours a day.

PHR-V: usu passive

banger

[D.J.:ˈbæŋə]

[K.K.:ˈbæŋɚ]

n.

香肠

破旧的汽车, 老爷车

(声音很响的)爆竹

banger

1. banger bangers
Bangers are sausages. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ... bangers and mash.

N-COUNT

2. banger bangers
You can describe a car as a banger if it is old and in very bad condition. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...this clapped-out old banger.

N-COUNT: usu adj N
= wreck

3. banger bangers
Bangers are fireworks that make a lot of noise. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

Bangladeshi

[D.J.:ˌbɑ:ŋgləˈdeʃɪ]

n.

孟加拉国人,孟加拉国居民

adj.

(有关)孟加拉国的;(有关)孟加拉人的

Bangladeshi ***

1. Bangladeshi
Bangladeshi means belonging to or relating to Bangladesh, or to its people or culture.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Bangladeshi Bangladeshis
The Bangladeshis are the people who come from Bangladesh.

- Many Bangladeshis were employed in the construction or fishing industries.

N-COUNT

bangle

[D.J.:ˈbæŋɡl]

[K.K.:ˈbæŋɡəl]

n.

手镯; 脚镯

bangle

bangle bangles
A bangle is a decorated metal or wooden ring that you can wear round your wrist or ankle.
N-COUNT

bang-on

int.

正好

bang-on

bang-on
If someone is bang-on with something, they are exactly right in their opinions or actions. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- If we are not bang-on with our preparations then we could have problems.

- He looks bang on with his early judgment.

ADJ: v-link ADJ also bang on .

banish

[D.J.:ˈbæniʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbænɪʃ]

vt.

放逐, 驱逐

banish *

1. banish banishes banishing banished
If someone or something is banished from a place or area of activity, they are sent away from it and prevented from entering it.

- John was banished from England.

- I was banished to the small bedroom upstairs.

- They tried to banish him from politics.

VB
= expel

2. banish banishes banishing banished
If you banish something unpleasant, you get rid of it.

- ...a public investment programme intended to banish the recession.

- ...diseases like malaria that have been banished for centuries.

VB

3. banish banishes banishing banished
If you banish the thought of something, you stop thinking about it.

- He has now banished all thoughts of retirement.

- The past few days had been banished from his mind.

VB

banish

verb

1.

expel

deport

eject

evict

exile

outlaw

2.

get rid of

ban

cast out

discard

dismiss

oust

remove

banishment

n.

放逐,驱逐

banishment

banishment
Banishment is the act of banishing someone or the state of being banished.

- ...banishment to `Devil's Island'.

- ...banishment from political and industrial life.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N prep

banishment

noun

expulsion

deportation

exile

expatriation

transportation

banister

[D.J.:ˈbænɪstə]

[K.K.:ˈbænɪstɚ]

n.

(楼梯的)栏杆,扶手

banisters

楼梯扶手;楼梯栏杆

banister

banister banisters
A banister is a rail supported by posts and fixed along the side of a staircase. The plural banisters can be used to refer to one of these rails.

- I still remember sliding down the banisters.

N-COUNT also bannister .

banisters

plural noun

railing

balusters

balustrade

handrail

rail

banjo

[D.J.:ˈbændʒəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈbændʒo]

n.

班卓琴

banjo *

banjo banjos
A banjo is a musical instrument that looks like a guitar with a circular body, a long neck, and four or more strings.
N-VAR: oft the N

bank

[D.J.:bæŋk]

[K.K.:bæŋk]

n.

(河的)岸, 堤

(条形的)堆

银行

vt. & vi.

堆积

筑(堤)

将(钱)存入银行

vi.

倾斜飞行

banked

[bæŋkt]

adj.

积起的,堆积的

banking

[D.J.:ˈbæŋkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbæŋkɪŋ]

n.

银行业务,银行业

banking house

银行

bank 1 finance and storage *****

1. bank banks
A bank is an institution where people or businesses can keep their money.

- Students should look to see which bank offers them the service that best suits their financial needs.

- I had £10,000 in the bank.

N-COUNT

2. bank banks
A bank is a building where a bank offers its services.
N-COUNT

3. bank banks banking banked
If you bank money, you pay it into a bank.

- Once you have registered your particulars with an agency and it has banked your cheque, the process begins.

VB

4. bank banks banking banked
If you bank with a particular bank, you have an account with that bank.

- My husband has banked with the Co-op since before the war.

VB

5. bank banks
You use bank to refer to a store of something. For example, a blood bank is a store of blood that is kept ready for use.

- ...Britain's National Police Computer, one of the largest data banks in the world.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu n N

6. bank
If you say that the cost of something will not break the bank , you mean that it will not cost a large sum of money.

- Prices starting at £6 a bottle won't break the bank.

PHR: V inflects

bank 2 areas and masses **

1. bank banks
The banks of a river, canal, or lake are the raised areas of ground along its edge.

- ...30 miles of new developments along both banks of the Thames.

- ...an old warehouse on the banks of a canal.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= side

2. bank banks
A bank of ground is a raised area of it with a flat top and one or two sloping sides.

- ...resting indolently upon a grassy bank.

N-COUNT
= knoll

3. bank banks
A bank of something is a long high mass of it.

- On their journey south they hit a bank of fog off the north-east coast of Scotland.

N-COUNT: N of n

4. bank banks
A bank of things, especially machines, switches, or dials, is a row of them, or a series of rows.

- The typical laborer now sits in front of a bank of dials.

N-COUNT

bank 3 other verb uses *

bank banks banking banked
When an aircraft banks , one of its wings rises higher than the other, usually when it is changing direction.

- A single-engine plane took off and banked above the highway in front of him.

VB

banked

1. banked
A banked stretch of road is higher on one side than the other.

- He struggled to hold the bike down on the banked corners.

- The car took off from the banked track and went through a fence.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= sloped

2. banked
If a place is banked with something, it is piled high with that thing. If something is banked up it is piled high.

- Flowerbeds and tubs are banked with summer bedding plants.

- The snow was banked up along the roadside.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
= piled

banking ***

banking
Banking is the business activity of banks and similar institutions.
N-UNCOUNT

bank

noun

1.

storehouse

depository

repository

2.

store

accumulation

fund

hoard

reserve

reservoir

savings

stock

stockpile

verb

3.

save

deposit

keep

bank

noun

1.

mound

banking

embankment

heap

mass

pile

ridge

2.

side

brink

edge

margin

shore

verb

3.

pile

amass

heap

mass

mound

stack

4.

tilt

camber

cant

heel

incline

pitch

slant

slope

tip

bank

noun

row

array

file

group

line

rank

sequence

series

succession

bank on *

bank on banks on; banking on; banked on
If you bank on something happening, you expect it to happen and rely on it happening.

- The Berlin government is banking on the Olympics to save the city money.

- `He's not still there, I suppose?' --- `I wouldn't bank on that,' she said.

PHR-V
= count on

bankable

[D.J.:ˈbæŋkəbl]

[K.K.:ˈbæŋkəbəl]

adj.

(演员等)卖座的; 富有号召力的

bankable

bankable
In the entertainment industry, someone or something that is described as bankable is very popular and therefore likely to be very profitable.

- ...the movies which made him the most bankable child star in Hollywood.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

bank account *

bank account bank accounts
A bank account is an arrangement with a bank which allows you to keep your money in the bank and to take some out when you need it.
N-COUNT

bank balance

bank balance bank balances
Your bank balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account at a particular time.
N-COUNT

bank card

1. bank card bank cards
A bank card is a plastic card which your bank gives you to get money from your bank account using a cash machine. It is also called an ATM card in American English. In Britain, you also use bank cards to prove who you are when you pay for something by cheque.
N-COUNT also bankcard .

2. bank card bank cards
A bank card is a credit card that is supplied by a bank. (AM)
N-COUNT also bankcard .

banker

[D.J.:ˈbæŋkə]

[K.K.:ˈbæŋkɚ]

n.

银行家,银行主,银行经理

庄家

banker ***

banker bankers
A banker is someone who works in banking at a senior level.

- ...an investment banker.

- ...a merchant banker.

N-COUNT

bank holiday *

bank holiday bank holidays
A bank holiday is a public holiday. (BRIT; in AM usually use national holiday )
N-COUNT

banknote

[ˈbæŋknəut]

n.

钞票; 纸币

banknote *

banknote banknotes
Banknotes are pieces of paper money.
N-COUNT also bank note .

bank rate

bank rate bank rates
The bank rate is the rate of interest at which a bank lends money, especially the minimum rate of interest that banks are allowed to charge, which is decided from time to time by the country's central bank.

- ...a sterling crisis that forced the bank rate up.

N-COUNT

bankroll

[D.J.:ˈbæŋkrəul]

[K.K.:ˈbæŋkˌrol]

n.

资金

vt.

提供资金

bankroll

1. bankroll bankrolls bankrolling bankrolled
To bankroll a person, organization, or project means to provide the financial resources that they need. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- The company has bankrolled a couple of local movies.

VB
= finance

2. bankroll
A bankroll is the financial resources used to back a person, project, or institution. (AM)

- We have a guaranteed minimum bankroll of $1.7m over the five LPs.

N-SING

bankrupt

[D.J.:ˈbæŋkrʌpt]

[K.K.:ˈbæŋkˌrʌpt, -rəpt]

adj.

破产的, 倒闭的

完全缺乏的

n.

破产者

vt.

使破产, 使枯竭, 使极端贫困

bankrupt **

1. bankrupt
People or organizations that go bankrupt do not have enough money to pay their debts.

- If the firm cannot sell its products, it will go bankrupt.

- He was declared bankrupt after failing to pay a £114m loan guarantee.

ADJ
= insolvent

2. bankrupt bankrupts bankrupting bankrupted
To bankrupt a person or organization means to make them go bankrupt.

- The move to the market nearly bankrupted the firm and its director.

- Uninsured people can be bankrupted by big medical bills.

VB

3. bankrupt bankrupts
A bankrupt is a person who has been declared bankrupt by a court of law.
N-COUNT

4. bankrupt
If you say that something is bankrupt , you are emphasizing that it lacks any value or worth.

- He really thinks that European civilisation is morally bankrupt.

ADJ emphasis
= deficient

bankrupt

adjective

insolvent

broke informal

destitute

impoverished

in queer street

in the red

ruined

wiped out informal

bankruptcy

[D.J.:ˈbæŋkrʌptsɪ]

n.

破产；倒闭

彻底失败;(名誉等的)完全丧失

bankruptcy **

1. bankruptcy
Bankruptcy is the state of being bankrupt.

- Pam Am is the second airline in two months to file for bankruptcy.

- Many established firms were facing bankruptcy.

N-UNCOUNT
= insolvency

2. bankruptcy bankruptcies
A bankruptcy is an instance of an organization or person going bankrupt.

- The number of corporate bankruptcies climbed in August.

N-COUNT
= insolvencies

3. bankruptcy
If you refer to something's bankruptcy , you are emphasizing that it is completely lacking in value or worth.

- The massacre laid bare the moral bankruptcy of the regime.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N emphasis
= vacuum

bankruptcy

noun

insolvency

disaster

failure

liquidation

ruin

bank statement

bank statement bank statements
A bank statement is a printed document showing all the money paid into and taken out of a bank account. Bank statements are usually sent by a bank to a customer at regular intervals.
N-COUNT

banned substance

banned substance banned substances
In sport, banned substances are drugs that competitors are not allowed to take because they could artificially improve their performance.
N-COUNT

banner

[D.J.:ˈbænə]

[K.K.:ˈbænɚ]

n.

横幅

旗, 旗帜

banner **

1. banner banners
A banner is a long strip of cloth with something written on it. Banners are usually attached to two poles and carried during a protest or rally.

- A large crowd of students followed the coffin, carrying banners and shouting slogans denouncing the government.

- A big banner was draped across one of the streets saying, `Idaho Falls Says NO to Drugs.'

N-COUNT

2. banner
If someone does something under the banner of a particular cause, idea, or belief, they do it saying that they support that cause, idea, or belief.

- Russia was the first country to forge a new economic system under the banner of Marxism.

- Under the banner of education, we herd our children from ballet to basketball and back again.

PHR: PHR n

banner

noun

flag

colours

ensign

pennant

placard

standard

streamer

banner headline

banner headline banner headlines
A banner headline is a large headline in a newspaper that stretches across the front page.

- Today's front page of The Sun carries a banner headline `The adulterer, the bungler and the joker.'

N-COUNT

banns

[D.J.:bænz]

[K.K.:bænz]

n.

(教堂里的)结婚预告

banns

banns
When a minister or priest reads or publishes the banns , he or she makes a public announcement in church that two people are going to be married.
N-PLURAL: the N

banquet

[D.J.:ˈbæŋkwit]

[K.K.:ˈbæŋkwɪt]

n.

宴会, 盛宴

banquet *

banquet banquets
A banquet is a grand formal dinner.

- Last night he attended a state banquet at Buckingham Palace.

N-COUNT

banquet

noun

feast

dinner

meal

repast

revel

treat

banqueting

banqueting
A banqueting hall or room is a large room where banquets are held.
ADJ: ADJ n

banquette

[D.J.:bæŋˈket]

[K.K.:bæŋˈkɛt]

n.

(沿墙放的)长条形软座

banquette

banquette banquettes
A banquette is a long, low, cushioned seat. Banquettes are usually long enough for more than one person to sit on at a time.
N-COUNT

banshee

[D.J.:bænˈʃi:]

[K.K.:ˈbænʃi]

n.

女鬼

banshee

banshee banshees
In Irish folk stories, a banshee is a female spirit who warns you by her long, sad cry that someone in your family is going to die.
N-COUNT

bantam

[D.J.:ˈbæntəm]

[K.K.:ˈbæntəm]

n.

矮脚鸡

矮小而好斗的人

bantam

bantam bantams
A bantam is a breed of small chicken.
N-COUNT

bantamweight

[D.J.:ˈbæntəmweit]

[K.K.:ˈbæntəmˌwet]

n.

(某些运动中的)最轻量级体重

最轻量级拳击手(摔跤手等)

bantamweight

bantamweight bantamweights
A bantamweight is a boxer who weighs between 51 and 53.5 kilograms, or a wrestler who weighs between 52 and 57 kilograms. A bantamweight is heavier than a flyweight but lighter than a featherweight.

- ...the European bantamweight title-holder.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N n

banter

[D.J.:ˈbæntə]

[K.K.:ˈbæntɚ]

n.

玩笑;逗乐

vi.

开玩笑;说笑;逗乐

vt.

(善意地)取笑,逗弄

bantering

adj.

嘲弄的

banter *

1. banter
Banter is teasing or joking talk that is amusing and friendly.

- As she closed the door, she heard Tom exchanging good-natured banter with Jane.

N-UNCOUNT
= badinage

2. banter banters bantering bantered
If you banter with someone, you tease them or joke with them in an amusing, friendly way.

- We had long discussions and bantered with one another mercilessly.

- He and Cosell shared a cocktail and bantered easily.

- All this was said in a bantering tone.

V-RECIP

banter

verb

1.

joke

jest

kid informal

rib informal

taunt

tease

noun

2.

joking

badinage

jesting

kidding informal

repartee

teasing

wordplay

Bantu

[D.J.:ˈbænˈtu:]

[K.K.:ˈbæntu]

n.

班图人,班图语

Bantu

1. Bantu
Bantu means belonging or relating to a group of peoples in central and southern Africa.

- The local tribe, the Tune, are Bantu people.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. Bantu
Bantu languages belong to a group of languages spoken in central and southern Africa.
ADJ: ADJ n

bap

[bæp]

n.

软面包片卷

bap

bap baps
In some dialects of British English, a bap is a soft flat bread roll.
N-COUNT

baptism

[D.J.:ˈbæpˌtɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈbæpˌtɪzəm]

n.

(基督教的)洗礼

<喻>洗礼,考验;初次经历

a baptism of fire

火的洗礼；初次的不愉快(或令人恐惧的)经历

baptism *

baptism baptisms
A baptism is a Christian ceremony in which a person is baptized. Compare christening .
N-VAR

baptism

noun Christianity

christening

immersion

purification

sprinkling

baptismal

[bapˈtizməl]

adj.

洗礼的

baptismal

baptismal
Baptismal means relating to or connected with baptism. (FORMAL)

- ...a biblical scholar who studied the origins of the baptismal ceremony.

ADJ: ADJ n

baptism of fire

baptism of fire baptisms of fire
If someone who has just begun a new job has a baptism of fire , they immediately have to cope with very many severe difficulties and obstacles.

- It was Mark's first introduction to royal duties and he came through his baptism of fire unscathed.

N-COUNT: usu sing

Baptist

[D.J.:ˈbæptɪst]

[K.K.:ˈbæptɪst]

n.

浸礼会教友；施浸礼者

(圣经)施洗者约翰

Baptist

1. Baptist Baptists
A Baptist is a Christian who believes that people should not be baptized until they are old enough to understand the meaning of baptism.
N-COUNT

2. Baptist
Baptist means belonging or relating to Baptists.

- He's pastor of a Baptist church in Tucker, Georgia.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

baptize

[D.J.:bæpˈtaɪz, ˈbæpˌtaɪz]

[K.K.:bæpˈtaɪz, ˈbæpˌtaɪz]

vt.

给…施洗礼

(施洗时)授...以教名

给...精神上的洗礼,使经受考验

vi.

行浸礼(或洗礼)

baptize

baptize baptizes baptizing baptized
When someone is baptized , water is put on their heads or they are covered with water as a sign that their sins have been forgiven and that they have become a member of the Christian Church. Compare christen .

- At this time she decided to become a Christian and was baptised.

- I think your mother was baptized a Catholic.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also baptise

baptize

verb Christianity

purify

cleanse

immerse

bar

[bɑ:]

vt.

闩(门等)

阻止, 阻拦, 封锁

n.

酒吧间, 售酒的(饮食)柜台

条, 块

(门、窗等的)闩, 栅栏

barred

[D.J.:bɑ:d]

[K.K.:bɑrd]

adj.

有木栅的,隔绝的,被禁止的

barring

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:rɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrɪŋ]

prep.

除…之外, 除非

bars

[bɑ:z]

n.

马上的齿龈

bar ****

1. bar bars
A bar is a place where you can buy and drink alcoholic drinks. (mainly AM)

- ...Devil's Herd, the city's most popular country-western bar.

- ...the Brass Nickel Bar.

N-COUNT

2. bar bars
A bar is a room in a pub or hotel where alcoholic drinks are served. (BRIT)

- Last night in the hotel there was some talk in the bar about drugs.

- On the ship there are video lounges, a bar and a small duty-free shop.

N-COUNT
= public bar

3. bar bars
A bar is a counter on which alcoholic drinks are served.

- Michael was standing alone by the bar when Brian rejoined him.

- He leaned forward across the bar.

N-COUNT
See also coffee bar , public bar , singles bar , snack bar , wine bar .

4. bar bars
A bar is a long, straight, stiff piece of metal.

- ...a brick building with bars across the ground floor windows.

- ...a crowd throwing stones and iron bars.

N-COUNT

5. bar
If you say that someone is behind bars , you mean that they are in prison.

- Fisher was behind bars last night, charged with attempted murder.

- Nearly 5,000 people a year are put behind bars over motoring penalties.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

6. bar bars
A bar of something is a piece of it which is roughly rectangular.

- What is your favourite chocolate bar?

- ...a bar of soap.

N-COUNT: with supp

7. bar bars
A bar of an electric fire is a piece of metal with wire wound round it that glows and provides heat when the fire is switched on. (BRIT)

- ...a two-bar electric fire with a frayed flex.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= element

8. bar bars barring barred
If you bar a door, you place something in front of it or a piece of wood or metal across it in order to prevent it from being opened.

- For added safety, bar the door to the kitchen.

VB
= secure

9. barred

- The windows were closed and shuttered, the door was barred.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

10. bar bars barring barred
If you bar someone's way, you prevent them from going somewhere or entering a place, by blocking their path.

- Harry moved to bar his way.

- He stepped in front of her, barring her way.

VB
= obstruct

11. bar bars barring barred
If someone is barred from a place or from doing something, they are officially forbidden to go there or to do it.

- Amnesty workers have been barred from Sri Lanka since 1982.

- Many jobs were barred to them.

VB: usu passive
= ban

12. bar bars
If something is a bar to doing a particular thing, it prevents someone from doing it.

- One of the fundamental bars to communication is the lack of a universally spoken, common language.

- In industry after industry, government bodies have erected bars to competition.

N-COUNT: usu N to n/-ing

13. bar
If you say that there are no holds barred when people are fighting or competing for something, you mean that they are no longer following any rules in their efforts to win.

- It is a war with no holds barred and we must prepare to resist.

- When she'd get angry it was no holds barred.

PHR

14. bar
You use bar none to add emphasis to a statement that someone or something is the best of their kind.

- Bar a plateau in 1989, there has been a rise in inflation ever since the mid-1980's.

- The aim of the service was to offer everything the independent investor wanted, bar advice.

- He is simply the best goalscorer we have ever had, bar none.

PHR emphasis
= without exception

See also barring .

15. bar
The Bar is used to refer to the profession of a barrister in England, or of any kind of lawyer in the United States.

- Robert was planning to read for the Bar.

N-PROPER: the N

16. bar bars
In music, a bar is one of the several short parts of the same length into which a piece of music is divided. (mainly BRIT; in AM use measure )
N-COUNT

barring *

barring
You use barring to indicate that the person, thing, or event that you are mentioning is an exception to your statement.

- Barring accidents, I believe they will succeed.

PREP

bar

noun

1.

rod

paling

palisade

pole

rail

shaft

stake

stick

2.

obstacle

barricade

barrier

block

deterrent

hindrance

impediment

obstruction

stop

3.

public house

boozer Brit. Austral. & N.Z. informal

canteen

counter

inn

pub informal chiefly Brit.

saloon

tavern

watering hole facetious slang

verb

4.

fasten

barricade

bolt

latch

lock

secure

5.

obstruct

hinder

prevent

restrain

6.

exclude

ban

black

blackball

forbid

keep out

prohibit

barb

[D.J.:bɑ:b]

[K.K.:bɑrb]

n.

(箭头、鱼钩等的)倒钩

带刺的话

毕露的锋芒,锋利

<动>羽支;倒刺;触须

<植>钩状毛,芒刺

(修女用以遮掩颈部的)白麻巾

非洲马(产于北非,以速度、力量、驯顺著称)

巴巴里家鸽(类似信鸽)

vt.

在…装倒钩

barb

1. barb barbs
A barb is a sharp curved point near the end of an arrow or fish-hook which makes it difficult to pull out.
N-COUNT

2. barb barbs
A barb is an unkind remark meant as a criticism of someone or something.

- The barb stung her exactly the way he hoped it would.

N-COUNT
= gibe

barb

noun

1.

dig

affront

cut

gibe

insult

sarcasm

scoff

sneer

2.

point

bristle

prickle

prong

quill

spike

spur

thorn

Barbadian

[bɑ:ˈbeidiən]

n.

巴贝多人

adj.

巴贝多(人)的

Barbadian ***

1. Barbadian
Barbadian means belonging or relating to Barbados or its people.
ADJ

2. Barbadian Barbadians
A Barbadian is someone who comes from Barbados.

- He is now married to a Barbadian.

N-COUNT

barbarian

[D.J.:bɑ:ˈbeəri:ən]

[K.K.:bɑrˈbɛriən]

n.

野蛮人, 未开化的人

粗野的人;残暴的人

无教养的人

外国人,异族人

外国人,异族人

adj.

野蛮人的,未开化的

粗野的,残暴的,野蛮的

无教养的,不文明的

异邦的;异教徒的

barbarian *

1. barbarian barbarians
In former times, barbarians were people from other countries who were thought to be uncivilized and violent.

- The Roman Empire was overrun by Nordic barbarians.

N-COUNT

2. barbarian barbarians
If you describe someone as a barbarian , you disapprove of them because they behave in a way that is cruel or uncivilized.

- Our maths teacher was a bully and a complete barbarian.

- We need to fight this barbarian attitude to science.

N-COUNT disapproval

3. barbarian barbarians
If you refer to people as barbarians , you mean that they do not know how to behave properly and do not like or understand art and culture.

- The people, he thought, looked upon all Americans as barbarians.

N-COUNT disapproval

barbarian

noun

1.

savage

brute

yahoo

2.

lout

bigot

boor

philistine

barbaric

[D.J.:bɑ:ˈbærɪk]

[K.K.:bɑrˈbærɪk]

adj.

半开化的;野蛮的

残忍的

原始的

粗野的;不知节制的

barbaric *

barbaric
If you describe someone's behaviour as barbaric , you strongly disapprove of it because you think that it is extremely cruel or uncivilized.

- This barbaric treatment of animals has no place in any decent society.

- ...a particularly barbaric act of violence.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

barbaric

adjective

1.

uncivilized

primitive

rude

wild

2.

brutal

barbarous

coarse

crude

cruel

fierce

inhuman

savage

barbarism

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:bərizəm]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrbəˌrɪzəm]

n.

野蛮状态或行为

不规范的词或表达方式

barbarism

barbarism
If you refer to someone's behaviour as barbarism , you strongly disapprove of it because you think that it is extremely cruel or uncivilized.

- We do not ask for the death penalty: barbarism must not be met with barbarism.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

barbarism

noun

savagery

coarseness

crudity

barbarity

[D.J.:bɑ:ˈbærɪti:]

[K.K.:bɑrˈbærɪti]

n.

残暴；暴行

野蛮;粗野

barbarity

barbarity barbarities
If you refer to someone's behaviour as barbarity , you strongly disapprove of it because you think that it is extremely cruel.

- Rebellions were put down with appalling barbarity.

- ...the barbarity of war.

N-VAR disapproval
= atrocity

barbarous

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:bərəs]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrbərəs]

adj.

野蛮的,未开化的,原始的

残暴的,禽兽般的

粗野的;无教养的;无文化的

(用语、文体)不合规范的

外邦的;异族的

(在古代)非希腊(或罗马)的;非基督教的

粗声粗气的;粗哑的

barbarous

1. barbarous
If you describe something as barbarous , you strongly disapprove of it because you think that it is rough and uncivilized.

- He thought the poetry of Whitman barbarous.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. barbarous
If you describe something as barbarous , you strongly disapprove of it because you think that it is extremely cruel.

- It was a barbarous attack on a purely civilian train.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= barbaric

barbarous

adjective

1.

uncivilized

barbarian

brutish

primitive

rough

rude

savage

uncouth

wild

2.

brutal

barbaric

cruel

ferocious

heartless

inhuman

monstrous

ruthless

vicious

barbecue

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:bikju:]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrbɪˌkju]

n.

(常用于室外的)金属烤架

烧烤野餐

vt.

(通常在户外)在烤架上烧烤

barbecue *

1. barbecue barbecues
A barbecue is a piece of equipment which you use for cooking on in the open air.
N-COUNT (AM) also barbeque or Bar-B-Q

2. barbecue barbecues
If someone has a barbecue , they cook food on a barbecue in the open air.
N-COUNT (AM) also barbeque or Bar-B-Q

3. barbecue barbecues barbecuing barbecued
If you barbecue food, especially meat, you cook it on a barbecue.

- Tuna can be grilled, fried or barbecued.

- Here's a way of barbecuing corn-on-the-cob that I learned in the States.

- ...barbecued chicken.

VB (AM) also barbeque or Bar-B-Q

barbed

[D.J.:bɑ:bd]

[K.K.:bɑrbd]

adj.

装有倒钩的;带刺的

尖刻的;讽刺的

barbed *

barbed
A barbed remark or joke seems polite or humorous, but contains a cleverly hidden criticism.

- ...barbed comments.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= snide

barbed

adjective

1.

cutting

critical

hostile

hurtful

nasty

pointed

scathing

unkind

2.

spiked

hooked

jagged

prickly

spiny

thorny

barbed wire *

barbed wire
Barbed wire is strong wire with sharp points sticking out of it, and is used to make fences.

- The factory was surrounded by barbed wire.

- ...a barbed-wire fence.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

barber

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:bə]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrbɚ]

n.

理发师

barber *

1. barber barbers
A barber is a man whose job is cutting men's hair.

- ...a barber's shop in south London.

N-COUNT

2. barber
A barber's is a shop where a barber works. (BRIT; in AM use barber shop )

- My Mum took me to the barber's.

N-SING

barbershop

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:bəˌʃɔp]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrbɚˌʃɑp]

n.

<尤美>理发店

理发店四重唱

barbershop

barbershop
Barbershop is a style of singing where a small group of people, usually men, sing in close harmony and without any musical instruments accompanying them.

- ...a barbershop quartet.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

barber shop

barber shop barber shops
A barber shop is a shop where a barber works.
N-COUNT (AM) also barbershop

barbie

[ˈbɑ:bi]

n.

(常用于室外的)烤肉架; 烧烤野餐

barbie

barbie barbies
A barbie is a barbecue . (BRIT, AUSTRALIAN, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

barbiturate

[D.J.:bɑ:ˈbitjurit]

[K.K.:bɑrˈbɪtʃərɪt, -əˌret, ˌbɑrbɪˈtʊrɪt, -ˌet, -ˈtjʊr-]

n.

巴比土酸盐, 巴比妥酸盐

barbiturate

barbiturate barbiturates
A barbiturate is a drug which people take to make them calm or to help them to sleep.

- She was addicted to barbiturates.

N-COUNT

bar chart

bar chart bar charts
A bar chart is a graph which uses parallel rectangular shapes to represent changes in the size, value, or rate of something or to compare the amount of something relating to a number of different countries or groups. (mainly BRIT; in AM use bar graph )

- The bar chart below shows the huge growth of UK car exports over the past few years.

N-COUNT

bar code

bar code bar codes
A bar code is an arrangement of numbers and parallel lines that is printed on products to be sold in shops. The bar code can be read by computers.
N-COUNT also barcode .

bard

[D.J.:bɑ:d]

[K.K.:bɑrd]

n.

诗人

bard *

bard bards
A bard is a poet. (OLD-FASHIONED or LITERARY)
N-COUNT

Bard

Bard
People sometimes refer to William Shakespeare as the Bard .

- ...a new production of the Bard's early tragedy, Richard III.

N-PROPER: the N

bare

[D.J.:bɛə]

[K.K.:bɛr]

adj.

光秃秃的, 无遮蔽的

赤裸的

刚好够的, 勉强的

vt.

使赤裸, 使露出, 使暴露

baring

[D.J.:ˈbɛəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbɛrɪŋ]

n.

开拓,剥离

bare ***

1. bare
If a part of your body is bare , it is not covered by any clothing.

- She was wearing only a thin robe over a flimsy nightdress, and her feet were bare.

- She had bare arms and a bare neck.

ADJ

2. bare barer barest
A bare surface is not covered or decorated with anything.

- They would have liked bare wooden floors throughout the house.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. bare barer barest
If a tree or a branch is bare , it has no leaves on it.

- ...an old, twisted tree, its bark shaggy, many of its limbs brittle and bare.

ADJ-GRADED

4. bare barer barest
If a room, cupboard, or shelf is bare , it is empty.

- His fridge was bare apart from three very withered tomatoes.

- He led me through to a bare, draughty interviewing room.

ADJ-GRADED

5. bare barer barest
An area of ground that is bare has no plants growing on it.

- That's probably the most bare, bleak, barren and inhospitable island I've ever seen.

ADJ-GRADED

6. bare barer barest
If someone gives you the bare facts or the barest details of something, they tell you only the most basic and important things.

- Newspaper reporters were given nothing but the bare facts by the Superintendent in charge of the investigation.

ADJ-GRADED: det ADJ
= plain ≠ detailed

7. bare barer barest
If you talk about the bare minimum or the bare essentials, you mean the very least that is necessary.

- The army would try to hold the western desert with a bare minimum of forces.

- These are the bare essentials you'll need to dress your baby during the first few months.

ADJ-GRADED: det ADJ
= absolute

8. bare
Bare is used in front of an amount to emphasize how small it is.

- Sales are growing for premium wines, but at a bare 2 percent a year.

ADJ: a ADJ amount emphasis
= mere

9. bare bares baring bared
If you bare something, you uncover it and show it. (WRITTEN)

- Walsh bared his teeth in a grin.

- He bared his muscular, hairy chest for a women's magazine.

VB

10. bare
If someone does something with their bare hands , they do it without using any weapons or tools.

- Police believe the killer punched her to death with his bare hands.

- Rescuers were using their bare hands to reach the trapped miners.

PHR: PHR after v

11. bare
If you lay something bare , you uncover it completely so that it can then be seen.

- The clearing out of disused workshops laid bare thousands of Italianate glazed tiles.

PHR: V inflects
= expose

12. bare
If you lay bare something or someone, you reveal or expose them.

- No one wants to expose themselves, lay their feelings bare.

PHR: V inflects

13. bare
If you bare your soul , you tell someone your most secret thoughts and feelings.

- Few men would have bared their soul to a woman as he had.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR to n

bare

adjective

1.

naked

nude

stripped

unclad

unclothed

uncovered

undressed

without a stitch on informal

2.

plain

bald

basic

sheer

simple

stark

unembellished

3.

simple

austere

spare

spartan

unadorned

unembellished

bareback

[D.J.:ˈbeəˌbæk]

[K.K.:ˈbɛrˌbæk]

adj. & adv.

(骑马) 不用马鞍的(地)

barebacked

adj.

袒背的;无马鞍的

barebacked

[ˈbeəbækt]

adj.

无鞍的

bareback

1. bareback
If you ride bareback , you ride a horse without a saddle.

- I mounted my horse and rode bareback to the plantation.

ADV: ADV after v

2. bareback
Also an adjective.

- She had once dreamed of being a bareback rider in a circus.

ADJ: ADJ n

bare-faced

bare-faced
You use bare-faced to describe someone's behaviour when you want to emphasize that they do not care that they are behaving wrongly.

- What bare-faced cheek!

- ...crooked politicians who tell bare-faced lies to select committees.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) barefaced emphasis
= brazen shameless

barefoot

[D.J.:ˈbeəfʊt]

[K.K.:ˈbɛrfʊt]

adj. & adv.

赤脚的〔地〕

barefooted

adj.

赤脚的

barefooted

[D.J.:ˈbeəfʊtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈbɛrˌfʊtɪd]

adj.

赤脚的

barefoot *

barefoot
Someone who is barefoot or barefooted is not wearing anything on their feet.

- I wore a white dress and was barefoot.

- Alan came running barefoot through the house.

- ...barefoot little children.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, ADJ after v, ADJ n also barefooted .

bareheaded

[D.J.:bɛəˈhedid]

[K.K.:ˈbɛrˈhɛdɪd]

adj., adv.

头上不戴东西的; 光着头的

bareheaded

bareheaded
Someone who is bareheaded is not wearing a hat or any other covering on their head.

- He was bareheaded, coatless and soaking wet.

- I rode bareheaded.

- One of the police officers was bareheaded, though in uniform.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, ADJ after v

barely

[D.J.:ˈbɛəli]

[K.K.:ˈbɛrli]

adv.

仅仅, 只不过, 几乎不

赤裸裸地; 光秃秃地, 空空地

barely ***

1. barely
You use barely to say that something is only just true or only just the case.

- Anastasia could barely remember the ride to the hospital.

- It was 90 degrees and the air conditioning barely cooled the room.

- His voice was barely audible.

- She was an elfin-like girl who looked barely 10 years old.

ADV-BRD-NEG: ADV before v, ADV group, oft ADV amount
= scarcely

2. barely
If you say that one thing had barely happened when something else happened, you mean that the first event was followed immediately by the second.

- The water had barely come to a simmer when she cracked four eggs into it.

- Barely had the bulldozers started when Museum of London archaeologists swooped.

ADV-BRD-NEG: ADV before v
= no sooner

barely

adverb

only just

almost

at a push

by the skin of one's teeth

hardly

just

scarcely

barf

[D.J.:bɑ:f]

[K.K.:bɑrf]

v.

呕吐

barf

barf barfs barfing barfed
If someone barfs , they vomit. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- When I first tasted it I almost barfed.

VB

barfly

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:flai]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrˌflaɪ]

n.

(饮酒无度的)酒吧间常客

barfly

barfly barflies
A barfly is a person who spends a lot of time drinking in bars (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

bargain

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:ɡin]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrɡɪn]

vt. & vi.

讨价还价; 商谈

vt.

提出条件; 要求得到

n.

协议, 交易

特价商品

bargainer

[ˈbɑ:ɡinə]

n.

买卖约定者,交易者

bargaining

[ˈbɑ:ɡiniŋ]

n.

议价,讨价,商讨,商谈,交易,交涉

bargain ***

1. bargain bargains
Something that is a bargain is good value for money, usually because it has been sold at a lower price than normal.

- At this price the wine is a bargain.

- Fresh salmon is a bargain at the supermarket this week.

N-COUNT

2. bargain bargains
A bargain is an agreement, especially a formal business agreement, in which two people or groups agree what each of them will do, pay, or receive.

- I'll make a bargain with you. I'll play hostess if you'll include Matthew in your guest-list.

- The treaty was based on a bargain between the French and German governments.

N-COUNT
= deal

3. bargain bargains bargaining bargained
When people bargain with each other, they discuss what each of them will do, pay, or receive.

- They prefer to bargain with individual clients, for cash.

- Shop in small local markets and don't be afraid to bargain.

VB
= negotiate

4. bargainer bargainers

- A union bargainer said that those jobs have been saved.

N-COUNT

5. bargaining

- The government has called for sensible pay bargaining.

N-UNCOUNT: oft supp N

6. bargain
If people drive a hard bargain , they argue with determination in order to achieve a deal which is favourable to themselves.

- Ukraine was always going to drive a hard bargain before signing the treaty.

PHR: V, ADJ, and N inflect

7. bargain
You use into the bargain when mentioning an additional quantity, feature, fact, or action, to emphasize the fact that it is also involved. You can also say in the bargain in American English.

- This machine is designed to save you effort, and keep your work surfaces tidy into the bargain.

- She is rich. Now you say she is a beauty into the bargain.

PHR: cl PHR emphasis
= as well

8. bargain
If you keep your side of the bargain , you do what you have promised or arranged to do.

- Dealing with this dictator wasn't an option. He wouldn't have kept his side of the bargain.

PHR: V inflects

bargain

noun

1.

agreement

arrangement

contract

pact

pledge

promise

2.

good buy

(cheap) purchase

discount

giveaway

good deal

reduction

snip informal

steal informal

verb

3.

negotiate

agree

contract

covenant

promise

stipulate

transact

bargain for, bargain on ***

bargain for bargains for; bargaining for; bargained for
If you have not bargained for or bargained on something that happens, you did not expect it to happen and so feel surprised or worried by it.

- The effects of this policy were more than the government had bargained for.

- He had not bargained on the mad jealousy which both women developed.

PHR-V: usu with brd-neg
= anticipate

bargain basement

bargain basement
If you refer to something as a bargain basement thing, you mean that it is cheap and not very good quality.

- ...a bargain-basement rock musical.

ADJ: ADJ n also bargain-basement .

bargain hunter

bargain hunter bargain hunters
A bargain hunter is someone who is looking for goods that are value for money, usually because they are on sale at a lower price than normal.
N-COUNT also bargain-hunter .

bargaining chip

bargaining chip bargaining chips
In negotiations with other people, a bargaining chip is something that you are prepared to give up in order to obtain what you want.

- Rubio suggests that oil be used as a bargaining chip in any trade talks.

N-COUNT
= bargaining counter

bargaining counter

bargaining counter bargaining counters
A bargaining counter is the same as a bargaining chip . (BRIT)
N-COUNT

barge

[D.J.:bɑ:dʒ]

[K.K.:bɑrdʒ]

n.

驳船

vi.

(鲁莽而笨拙地)猛撞, 冲, 闯

barge **

1. barge barges
A barge is a long, narrow boat with a flat bottom. Barges are used for carrying heavy loads, especially on canals.

- Carrying goods by train costs nearly three times more than carrying them by barge.

N-COUNT: also by N
= canal boat

2. barge barges barging barged
If you barge into a place or barge through it, you rush or push into it in a rough and rude way. (INFORMAL)

- Students tried to barge into the secretariat buildings.

- The FBI barged through the gates, demanding to search the plant for evidence.

VB
= butt in

3. barge barges barging barged
If you barge into someone or barge past them, you bump against them roughly and rudely. (INFORMAL)

- He would barge into them and kick them in the shins.

- He barged past her and sprang at Gillian, knocking her to the floor.

VB
= shove

barge

noun

canal boat

flatboat

lighter

narrow boat

barge in **

barge in barges in; barging in; barged in
If you barge in or barge in on someone, you rudely interrupt what they are doing or saying. (INFORMAL)

- I'm sorry to barge in like this, but I have a problem I hope you can solve.

PHR-V

barge pole

barge pole
If you say that you wouldn't touch something with a barge pole , you mean that you would not want to have anything to do with it, either because you do not trust it, or because you do not like it. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use wouldn't touch something with a ten-foot pole )
PHR: V inflects also bargepole .

bar graph

bar graph bar graphs
A bar graph is the same as a bar chart . (AM)
N-COUNT

baritone

[D.J.:ˈbærɪˌtəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈbærɪˌton]

n.

男中音

上低音部

上低音乐器

adj.

男中音的

baritone *

1. baritone baritones
In music, a baritone is a man with a fairly deep singing voice that is lower than that of a tenor but higher than that of a bass.

- ...the young American baritone Monte Pederson.

N-COUNT

2. baritone
If a man has a baritone speaking voice, his voice is low and pleasant to listen to.

- ...a baritone voice...

- He speaks in a melodious baritone.

N-SING: oft N n

barium

[D.J.:ˈbɛəriəm]

[K.K.:ˈbɛriəm, ˈbær-]

n.

钡

barium

barium
Barium is a soft, silvery-white metal.
N-UNCOUNT

bark

[D.J.:bɑ:k]

[K.K.:bɑrk]

vi.

吠叫

vt.

大声喊出

n.

犬吠声, 狐狸的嗥叫声

树皮

barking

[ˈbɑ:kiŋ]

n.

去皮;剥皮

bark **

1. bark barks barking barked
When a dog barks , it makes a short, loud noise, once or several times.

- Don't let the dogs bark.

- A small dog barked at a seagull he was chasing.

VB

2. bark barks
Also a noun.

- The Doberman let out a string of roaring barks.

N-COUNT

3. bark barks barking barked
If you bark at someone, you shout at them aggressively in a loud, rough voice.

- I didn't mean to bark at you.

- A policeman held his gun in both hands and barked an order.

VB

4. bark
Bark is the tough material that covers the outside of a tree.
N-UNCOUNT

5. bark
If you say that someone's bark is worse than their bite , you mean that they seem much more unpleasant or hostile than they really are. (INFORMAL)

- She was used to Wu's invective. Usually, his bark was far worse than his bite.

PHR: V inflects

bark

verb

yap

bay

growl

howl

snarl

woof

yelp

bark

noun

covering

casing

cortex Anatomy botany

crust

husk

rind

skin

barkeeper

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:ˌki:pə]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrˌkipɚ]

n.

酒吧老板或酒吧招待员

barkeeper

barkeeper barkeepers
A barkeeper is someone who serves drinks behind a bar. (AM)
N-COUNT

barking mad

barking mad
If you say that someone is barking mad , you mean that they are insane or are acting very strangely. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The builder looked at me as though I was barking mad.

ADJ: v-link ADJ disapproval
= bonkers

barley

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:li]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrli]

n.

大麦

大麦粒

barley *

barley
Barley is a grain that is used to make food, beer, and whisky.

- ...fields of ripening wheat and barley.

N-UNCOUNT

barley sugar

barley sugar
Barley sugar is a sweet made from boiled sugar.
N-UNCOUNT

barley water

barley water
Barley water is a drink made from barley. It is sometimes flavoured with orange or lemon.
N-UNCOUNT

barmaid

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:meid]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrˌmed]

n.

酒吧女招待

barmaid

barmaid barmaids
A barmaid is a woman who serves drinks behind a bar. (mainly BRIT; in AM use bartender )
N-COUNT

barman

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:mæn]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrmən]

n.

酒吧间男招待员, 酒吧男侍

barman *

barman barmen
A barman is a man who serves drinks behind a bar. (mainly BRIT; in AM use bartender )
N-COUNT

bar mitzvah

bar mitzvah bar mitzvahs
A bar mitzvah is a ceremony that takes place on the thirteenth birthday of a Jewish boy, after which he is regarded as an adult.
N-COUNT

barmy

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:mi]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrmi]

adj.

疯疯癫癫的

barmy

barmy barmier barmiest
If you say that someone or something is barmy , you mean that they are slightly crazy or very foolish. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Bill used to say I was barmy, and that would really get to me.

- This policy is absolutely barmy.

- ...a barmy idea.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= crazy

barmy

adjective Slang

insane

crazy

daft informal

foolish

idiotic

nuts slang

out of one's mind

stupid

barn

[D.J.:bɑ:n]

[K.K.:bɑrn]

n.

仓房

牲口棚

barn **

barn barns
A barn is a building on a farm in which crops or animal food can be kept.
N-COUNT

barnacle

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:nəkl]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrnəkəl]

n.

(岩石、船底等处的)附着甲壳动物

barnacles

[ˈbɑ:nəklz]

n.

鼻钳似的刑具,〈英口〉眼镜

barnacle

barnacle barnacles
Barnacles are small shellfish that fix themselves tightly to rocks and the bottoms of boats.
N-COUNT

barn dance

barn dance barn dances
A barn dance is a social event people go to for country dancing.
N-COUNT

barnstorm

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:nstɔ:m]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrnˌstɔrm]

vt.

作巡回政治演说[宣传、游说等]

barnstorming

n.

演说家所做的事

adj.

有关演说家的

barnstorm

barnstorm barnstorms barnstorming barnstormed
When people such as politicians or performers barnstorm , they travel around the country making speeches or giving shows. (AM)

- He would ignore the Senate and barnstorm across the nation, rallying the people to the cause.

- ...the arguments the president will make as he barnstorms the country later this week.

- ...his barnstorming campaign for the governorship of Louisiana.

VB

barnstorming

barnstorming
A barnstorming performance is full of energy and very exciting to watch. (BRIT)

- ...a fabulous version of the classic play, with a barnstorming performance from Gerard Depardieu.

ADJ: ADJ n approval

barnyard

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:njɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrnˌjɑrd]

n.

仓院(农场仓房围着的空地)

barnyard

barnyard barnyards
On a farm, the barnyard is the area in front of or next to a barn.
N-COUNT: usu sing, oft the N

barometer

[D.J.:bəˈrɔmitə]

[K.K.:bəˈrɑmɪtɚ]

n.

气压计, 晴雨表

barometer *

1. barometer barometers
A barometer is an instrument that measures air pressure and shows when the weather is changing.
N-COUNT

2. barometer barometers
If something is a barometer of a particular situation, it indicates how things are changing or how things are likely to develop.

- In past presidential elections, Missouri has been a barometer of the rest of the country.

- Our sleep pattern is a barometer to our psychological well-being.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

baron

[D.J.:ˈbærən]

[K.K.:ˈbærən]

n.

男爵

巨头;大王;大亨

(英国)上院议员

baron *

1. baron
A baron is a man who is a member of the lowest rank of the nobility. (BRIT)

- ...their stepfather, Baron Michael Distemple.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

2. baron barons
You can use baron to refer to someone who controls a large amount of a particular industry or activity and who is therefore extremely powerful.

- ...the battle against the drug barons.

- ...the British press barons.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu n N

baroness

[D.J.:ˈbærənis]

[K.K.:ˈbærənɪs]

n.

女男爵

男爵夫人[寡妇]

baroness

baroness
A baroness is a woman who is a member of the lowest rank of the nobility, or who is the wife of a baron. (BRIT)

- ...Baroness Blatch.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

baronet

[D.J.:ˈbærənit]

[K.K.:ˈbærənɪt, ˌbærəˈnɛt]

n.

准男爵

baronet

baronet baronets
A baronet is a man who has been made a knight. When a baronet dies, the title is passed on to his son. (BRIT)

- Born in 1860, the son of a weaver, Barrie was created a baronet in 1913.

- ...the fifth baronet, Sir Thomas Grosvenor.

N-COUNT

baronial

[D.J.:bəˈrəuniəl]

[K.K.:bəˈroniəl]

adj.

(建筑物或房间)富丽堂皇的, 宏伟豪华的, 古色古香的

男爵的

baronial

1. baronial
If you describe a house or room as baronial , you mean that it is large, impressive, and old-fashioned in appearance, and looks as if it belongs to someone from the upper classes.

- ...baronial manor houses...

- The rooms have a baronial feel, with oak paneling and leather sofas.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. baronial
Baronial means relating to a baron or barons.

- ...the baronial feuding of the Middle Ages.

ADJ: ADJ n

barony

[D.J.:ˈbærəni]

[K.K.:ˈbærəni]

n.

男爵爵位或领地

barony

barony baronies
A barony is the rank or position of a baron.
N-COUNT

baroque

[D.J.:bəˈrəʊk]

[K.K.:bəˈrok]

adj.

巴罗克式的;巴罗克风格的

过分装饰的;奇形怪状的

n.

巴罗克风格

(建筑、医术、音乐、文学等的)巴罗克作品

新奇怪异的风尚

baroque *

1. baroque
Baroque architecture and art is an elaborate style of architecture and art that was popular in Europe in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.

- The baroque church of San Leonardo is worth a quick look.

- ...a collection of treasures dating from the Middle Ages to the Baroque period.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. baroque
The baroque style and period in art and architecture are sometimes referred to as the baroque .

- ...the seventeenth-century taste for the baroque.

N-SING: the N

3. baroque
Baroque music is a style of European music that was written in the 18th century.

- ...the German baroque composer Georg Philip Telemann...

- A more widespread interest in baroque music developed only slowly in the Sixties and Seventies.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. baroque
The baroque style and period in music are sometimes referred to as the baroque .

- ...his argument that Mozart belongs to the end of the baroque and not to the early phase of romantic music.

N-SING: the N

5. baroque
Baroque things are complicated and elaborate.

- He was a baroque figure dressed in theatrical, but elegant, clothes.

- ...Paul Muldoon, who is among the most baroque of contemporary poets.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= extravagant

barrack

[D.J.:ˈbærək]

[K.K.:ˈbærək]

n.

营房,兵营

(临时性的)棚屋,工房

外观简陋划一的房屋

vt.

向...提供营房(或棚屋)

使住入营房(或棚屋)

大叫, 喝倒彩起哄

vi.

住入营房(或棚屋)

barracks

[ˈbærəks]

n.

兵营, 营房; 简陋或难看的房屋

barrack **

1. barrack barracks
A barracks is a building or group of buildings where soldiers or other members of the armed forces live and work. `Barracks' is the singular and plural form.

- ...an army barracks in the north of the city.

- ...the parade grounds of Wellington Barracks.

N-COUNT: oft in names
= camp billet

2. barrack barracks barracking barracked
If people in an audience barrack public speakers or performers, they interrupt them, for example by making rude remarks. (BRIT)

- Fans gained more enjoyment barracking him than cheering on the team.

- President Alan Garcia was barracked by the right wing opposition.

VB
= heckle jeer

3. barracking

- He was affected badly by the barracking that he got from the crowd.

N-UNCOUNT
= heckling

barracks

plural noun

camp

billet

encampment

garrison

quarters

barracuda

[D.J.:ˌbærəˈku:də]

[K.K.:ˌbærəˈkudə]

n.

鱼,梭鱼类

barracuda

barracuda barracudas
A barracuda is a large tropical sea fish that eats other fish.
N-COUNT barracuda can also be used as the plural form

barrage

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:rɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrɪdʒ]

n.

火力网；弹幕

<军>弹幕射击；阻拦射击

河上的堰坝

猛烈炮火,枪林弹雨

vi.

火力攻击(或阻击)

vt.

以密集火力攻击(或阻击)

barrage *

1. barrage barrages
A barrage is continuous firing on an area with large guns and tanks.

- The artillery barrage on the city centre was the heaviest since the ceasefire.

- The two fighters were driven off by a barrage of anti-aircraft fire.

N-COUNT
= bombardment

2. barrage barrages
A barrage of something such as criticism or complaints is a large number of them directed at someone, often in an aggressive way.

- He was faced with a barrage of angry questions from the floor.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

3. barrage barrages barraging barraged
If you are barraged by people or things, you have to deal with a great number of people or things you would rather avoid.

- Doctors are complaining about being barraged by drug-company salesmen.

- Hughes was barraged with phone calls from friends who were furious at the indiscreet disclosures.

VB: usu passive
= bombarded

4. barrage barrages
A barrage is a structure that is built across a river to control the level of the water.

- ...a hydro-electric tidal barrage.

N-COUNT

barrage

noun

1.

torrent

burst

deluge

hail

mass

onslaught

plethora

stream

2.

bombardment

battery

cannonade

fusillade

gunfire

salvo

shelling

volley

barrage balloon

barrage balloon barrage balloons
Barrage balloons are large balloons which are fixed to the ground by strong steel cables. They are used in wartime, when the cables are intended to destroy low-flying enemy aircraft.
N-COUNT

barrel

[D.J.:ˈbærəl]

[K.K.:ˈbærəl]

n.

桶

枪[炮]管

barrelled

[ˈbærəld]

adj.

桶装的,有枪身的

barrelling

[ˈbærəliŋ]

n.

滚[研]磨,齿面修整,辊身做出凸度

barrel ***

1. barrel barrels
A barrel is a large, round container for liquids or food.

- The wine is aged for almost a year in oak barrels.

- ...barrels of pickled fish.

N-COUNT (AM) barreling , barreled

2. barrel barrels
In the oil industry, a barrel is a unit of measurement equal to 159 litres.

- In 1989, Kuwait was exporting 1.5 million barrels of oil a day.

- Oil prices were closing at $19.76 a barrel.

N-COUNT: oft N of n (AM) barreling , barreled

3. barrel barrels
The barrel of a gun is the tube through which the bullet moves when the gun is fired.

- He pushed the barrel of the gun into the other man's open mouth.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, n N (AM) barreling , barreled

4. barrel barrelling barrelled
If a vehicle or person is barreling in a particular direction, they are moving very quickly in that direction. (mainly AM)

- The car was barreling down the street at a crazy speed.

VB (AM) barreling , barreled
= canon

5. barrel
If you say, for example, that someone moves or buys something lock, stock, and barrel , you are emphasizing that they move or buy every part or item of it.

- They dug up their New Jersey garden and moved it lock, stock, and barrel back home.

PHR: PHR after v (AM) barreling , barreled emphasis

6. barrel
If someone has you over a barrel , they have put you in a difficult situation where you have little choice but to do what they want you to do. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects (AM) barreling , barreled

7. barrel
If you say that someone is scraping the barrel , or scraping the bottom of the barrel , you disapprove of the fact that they are using or doing something of extremely poor quality. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects (AM) barreling , barreled disapproval

-barrelled

-barrelled
-barrelled combines with adjectives to form adjectives that describe a gun which has a barrel or barrels of the specified type.

- ...a short-barreled rifle.

- ...a double-barrelled shotgun.

COMB in ADJ (AM) -barreled
See also double-barrelled .

barrel organ

barrel organ barrel organs
A barrel organ is a large machine that plays music when you turn the handle on the side. Barrel organs used to be played in the street to entertain people.
N-COUNT

barren

[D.J.:ˈbærən]

[K.K.:ˈbærən]

adj.

贫瘠的

不孕的, 不生育的; 不结果的

无用的, 空洞的, 无结果的

barrenness

不育症,不孕症

barren *

1. barren
A barren landscape is dry and bare, and has very few plants and no trees.

- ...the Tibetan landscape of high barren mountains.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ fertile

2. barren
Barren land consists of soil that is so poor that plants cannot grow in it.

- He also wants to use the water to irrigate barren desert land.

ADJ-GRADED
= infertile

3. barren
If you describe something such as an activity or a period of your life as barren , you mean that you achieve no success during it or that it has no useful results. (WRITTEN)

- ...an empty exercise barren of utility.

- ...the player, who ended a 14-month barren spell by winning the Tokyo event in October...

- As the leaves of autumn wither and fall, so has my own life become barren.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of n
= bereft

4. barrenness

- ...a film that would force audiences to confront the barrenness of contemporary life.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

5. barren
If you describe a room or a place as barren , you do not like it because it has almost no furniture or other objects in it. (WRITTEN)

- The room was austere, nearly barren of furniture or decoration.

- Six stale loaves of brown bread formed a dark blot on the otherwise barren shelves.

ADJ: oft ADJ of n disapproval

6. barren
A barren woman or female animal is unable to have babies. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...the traumas experienced by the maternally inclined woman who finds herself barren.

- ...a three-year-old barren mare.

ADJ
= infertile

7. barrenness

- ...a ceremony designed to cure women of barrenness.

N-UNCOUNT
= infertility

barren

adjective Military

1.

infertile

childless

sterile

2.

unproductive

arid

desert

desolate

dry

empty

unfruitful

waste

barricade

[D.J.:ˌbæriˈkeid]

[K.K.:ˈbærɪˌked, ˌbærɪˈked]

n.

路障, 障碍物

vt.

设路障于; 以障碍物阻塞

设路障[防御工事]保卫或固守

barricade **

1. barricade barricades
A barricade is a line of vehicles or other objects placed across a road or open space to stop people getting past, for example during street fighting or as a protest.

- Large areas of the city have been closed off by barricades set up by the demonstrators.

N-COUNT
= blockade

2. barricade barricades barricading barricaded
If you barricade something such as a road or an entrance, you place a barricade or barrier across it, usually to stop someone getting in.

- The rioters barricaded streets with piles of blazing tyres.

- The doors had been barricaded.

VB
= fortify

3. barricade barricades barricading barricaded
If you barricade yourself inside a room or building, you place barriers across the door or entrance so that other people cannot get in.

- The students have barricaded themselves into their dormitory building.

- About forty prisoners are still barricaded inside the wrecked buildings.

VB

barricade

noun

1.

barrier

blockade

bulwark

fence

obstruction

palisade

rampart

stockade

verb

2.

bar

block

blockade

defend

fortify

obstruct

protect

shut in

barrier

[D.J.:ˈbæriə]

[K.K.:ˈbæriɚ]

n.

栅栏, 关卡

障碍, 隔阂

barrier ***

1. barrier barriers
A barrier is something such as a rule, law, or policy that makes it difficult or impossible for something to happen or be achieved.

- Duties and taxes are the most obvious barrier to free trade.

N-COUNT: oft N to/against/between n
= obstacle

2. barrier barriers
A barrier is a problem that prevents two people or groups from agreeing, communicating, or working with each other.

- There is no reason why love shouldn't cross the age barrier.

- She had been waiting for Simon to break down the barrier between them.

- When you get involved in sports and athletes, a lot of the racial barriers are broken down.

N-COUNT: oft supp N, N between pl-n
= divide

3. barrier barriers
A barrier is something such as a fence or wall that is put in place to prevent people from moving easily from one area to another.

- The demonstrators broke through heavy police barriers.

- As each woman reached the barrier one of the men glanced at her papers.

N-COUNT
= blockade

4. barrier barriers
A barrier is an object or layer that physically prevents something from moving from one place to another.

- ...a severe storm, which destroyed a natural barrier between the house and the lake...

- The packaging must provide an effective barrier to prevent contamination of the product.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= fortification

5. barrier
You can refer to a particular number or amount as a barrier when you think it is significant, because it is difficult or unusual to go above it.

- They are fearful that unemployment will soon break the barrier of three million.

- The Popular Front failed, as expected, to pass the 5 per cent barrier.

N-SING: the N, with supp

barrier

noun

1.

barricade

bar

blockade

boundary

fence

obstacle

obstruction

wall

2.

hindrance

difficulty

drawback

handicap

hurdle

obstacle

restriction

stumbling block

barrier method

barrier method barrier methods
Barrier methods of contraception involve the use of condoms, diaphragms, or other devices that physically prevent the sperm from reaching the egg.
N-COUNT: usu pl

barrio

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:riəu]

[K.K.:ˈbɑriˌo, ˈbær-]

n.

美国城镇中说西班牙语居民集居的贫民区

barrio

1. barrio barrios
A barrio is a mainly Spanish-speaking area in an American city. (AM)

- ...the barrios of Santa Cruz.

N-COUNT

2. barrio barrios
A barrio is an urban district in a Spanish-speaking country. (mainly AM)

- ...the barrios of Mexico City.

N-COUNT

barrister

[D.J.:ˈbærɪstə]

[K.K.:ˈbærɪstɚ]

n.

(可在高等法院出庭的)大律师；专门律师

barrister **

barrister barristers
In England and Wales, a barrister is a lawyer who represents clients in the higher courts of law. Compare solicitor .
N-COUNT

barroom

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:ru:m]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrˌrum, -ˌrʊm]

n.

酒吧间

barroom

barroom barrooms
A barroom is a room or building in which alcoholic drinks are served over a counter. (AM; in BRIT usually use bar or pub )

- ...a barroom brawl.

N-COUNT also bar-room .

barrow

[D.J.:ˈbærəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈbæro]

n.

双轮手推车

独轮车

古坟

阉猪

barrow

1. barrow barrows
A barrow is the same as a wheelbarrow .
N-COUNT

2. barrow barrows
A barrow is a cart from which fruit or other goods are sold in the street. (BRIT; in AM use pushcart )
N-COUNT

3. barrow barrows
A barrow is a large structure made of earth that people used to build over graves in ancient times.
N-COUNT
= mound

barrow boy

barrow boy barrow boys
A barrow boy is a man or boy who sells fruit or other goods from a barrow in the street. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

bartender

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:tendə]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrˌtɛndɚ]

n.

酒吧间销售酒精饮料的人,酒吧间男招待

bartender

bartender bartenders
A bartender is a person who serves drinks behind a bar. (AM; in BRIT use barman or barmaid )
N-COUNT

barter

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:tə]

[K.K.:ˈbɑrtɚ]

vt. & vi.

作物物交换, 以货换货

n.

物物交换, 易货

barter *

1. barter barters bartering bartered
If you barter goods, you exchange them for other goods, rather than selling them for money.

- They have been bartering wheat for cotton and timber.

- The market-place and street were crowded with those who'd come to barter.

- Traders came to barter horses.

VB
= trade

2. barter
Also a noun.

- Overall, barter is a very inefficient means of organizing transactions.

- ...a barter economy.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

barter

verb

trade

bargain

drive a hard bargain

exchange

haggle

sell

swap

traffic

basal

[D.J.:ˈbeisəl]

[K.K.:ˈbesəl, -zəl]

adj.

基底的, 在底部的, 基础的

basal

1. basal
Basal means relating to or forming the base of something. (TECHNICAL)

- Side shoots should be cut back to one leaf above the basal cluster.

- ...the basal layer of the skin.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. basal
Your basal metabolic rate is the rate at which your body uses energy when it is at rest. (TECHNICAL)

- Regular exercise can increase your basal metabolic rate.

- Basal metabolism is much lower for creatures in cold water.

ADJ: ADJ n
= basic

basalt

[D.J.:ˈbæsɔ:lt]

[K.K.:bəˈsɔlt, ˈbeˌsɔlt]

n.

玄武岩,黑陶器(似玄武岩的制品)

basalt

basalt basalts
Basalt is a type of black rock that is produced by volcanoes.
N-MASS

base

[D.J.:beis]

[K.K.:bes]

n.

基础, 底座

基地, 根据地

vt.

把…建立在, 以…为基础

based

[D.J.:beɪst]

[K.K.:best]

adj.

有根基的;有基地的

bases

[D.J.:ˈbeisiz]

[K.K.:ˈbeˌsiz]

n.

底部,基础,根据地,基地,本部,基数,(运动)出发点

basing

固结于基座

basis

[D.J.:ˈbeisis]

[K.K.:ˈbesɪs]

n.

基础, 根据

base *****

1. base bases
The base of something is its lowest edge or part.

- There was a cycle path running along this side of the wall, right at its base.

- Line the base and sides of a 20cm deep round cake tin with paper.

N-COUNT: usu the N of n
= bottom ≠ top

2. base bases
The base of something is the lowest part of it, where it is attached to something else.

- The surgeon placed catheters through the veins and arteries near the base of the head.

N-COUNT: usu the N of n

3. base bases
The base of an object such as a box or vase is the lower surface of it that touches the surface it rests on.

- Remove from the heat and plunge the base of the pan into a bowl of very cold water.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= bottom underneath

4. base bases
The base of an object that has several sections and that rests on a surface is the lower section of it.

- The mattress is best on a solid bed base.

- The clock stands on an oval marble base, enclosed by a glass dome.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft n N

5. base bases
A base is a layer of something which will have another layer added to it.

- Spoon the mixture on to the biscuit base and cook in a pre-heated oven.

- On many modern wooden boats, epoxy coatings will have been used as a base for varnishing.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

6. base bases
A position or thing that is a base for something is one from which that thing can be developed or achieved.

- The post will give him a powerful political base from which to challenge the Kremlin.

- The family base was crucial to my development.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp
= basis foundation

7. base bases basing based
If you base one thing on another thing, the first thing develops from the second thing.

- He based his conclusions on the evidence given by the captured prisoners.

VB
= found

8. based

- Three of the new products are based on traditional herbal medicines.

- The figures are based upon average market prices.

ADJ: v-link ADJ on n

9. base bases
A military base is a place which part of the armed forces works from.

- Gunfire was heard at an army base close to the airport.

- Lauren Long works in the Air Force motor pool on a massive air base in eastern Saudi Arabia.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

10. base bases
Your base is the main place where you work, stay, or live.

- For most of the spring and early summer her base was her home in Scotland.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

11. base bases
If a place is a base for a certain activity, the activity can be carried out at that place or from that place.

- The two hotel-restaurants are attractive bases from which to explore southeast Tuscany.

- Los Angeles was still my financial base. I was still doing business there.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N prep

12. base bases
The base of a substance such as paint or food is the main ingredient of it, to which other substances can be added.

- Just before cooking, drain off any excess marinade and use it as a base for a pouring sauce.

- Oils may be mixed with a base oil and massaged into the skin.

N-COUNT

13. base bases
A base is a system of counting and expressing numbers. The decimal system uses base 10, and the binary system uses base 2.
N-COUNT: also N num

14. base bases
A base in baseball, softball, or rounders is one of the places at each corner of the square on the pitch.
N-COUNT

15. base baser basest
Base behaviour is behaviour that is immoral or dishonest. (LITERARY)

- Love has the power to overcome the baser emotions.

ADJ-GRADED

16. base
If you say that someone is off base , you mean that they are wrong. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- Am I wrong? Am I way off base? Because I want you to set me straight if you think I'm wrong.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

17. base
If you communicate with someone, especially someone you have not communicated with recently, you can say that you touch base with them. (INFORMAL)

- Being there gave me a chance to touch base with three friends whom I had not seen for a year.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR with n

18. base
If someone touches all the bases or covers the bases , they deal with everyone or everything involved in a situation. (INFORMAL)

- He has managed to touch all the bases necessary, and trade goes on.

- The boss covers all bases when he sets up a job.

PHR

based *****

based
If you are based in a particular place, that is the place where you live or do most of your work.

- Both firms are based in Kent.

- Based on the edge of Lake Matt, Sunbeam Yachts started boatbuilding in 1870.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
= located

bases

1. bases
Bases is the plural of base .

2. bases
Bases is the plural of basis .

basis ****

1. basis
If something is done on a particular basis , it is done according to that method, system, or principle.

- We're going to be meeting there on a regular basis.

- The tea is prepared on a rota basis by the lady members.

- They want all groups to be treated on an equal basis.

- I've always worked on the basis that if I don't know anything technical I shan't be any worse off.

N-SING: with supp, usu on N

2. basis
If you say that you are acting on the basis of something, you are giving that as the reason for your action.

- McGregor must remain confined, on the basis of the medical reports we have received.

- On the basis that recognising the problem is halfway to a solution, Mulcahy's comments yesterday should be well received.

N-SING: on N, oft N of n, N that

3. basis bases
The basis of something is its starting point or an important part of it from which it can be further developed.

- Both factions have broadly agreed that the UN plan is a possible basis for negotiation.

- ...the sub-atomic particles that form the basis of nearly all matter on earth.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N for/of n
= foundation

4. basis bases
The basis for something is a fact or argument that you can use to prove or justify it.

- ...Japan's attempt to secure the legal basis to send troops overseas...

- This is a common fallacy which has no basis in fact.

N-COUNT: usu sing

base

noun

1.

bottom

bed

foot

foundation

pedestal

rest

stand

support

2.

basis

core

essence

heart

key

origin

root

source

3.

centre

camp

headquarters

home

post

settlement

starting point

station

verb

4.

found

build

construct

depend

derive

establish

ground

hinge

5.

place

locate

post

station

base

adjective

1.

dishonourable

contemptible

despicable

disreputable

evil

immoral

shameful

sordid

wicked

2.

counterfeit

alloyed

debased

fake

forged

fraudulent

impure

basis

noun

foundation

base

bottom

footing

ground

groundwork

support

baseball

[D.J.:ˈbeisbɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈbesˌbɔl]

n.

棒球运动

棒球

baseball ***

1. baseball
In America, baseball is a game played by two teams of nine players. Each player from one team hits a ball with a bat and then tries to run around three bases and get to the home base before the other team can get the ball back.
N-UNCOUNT

2. baseball baseballs
A baseball is a small hard ball which is used in the game of baseball.
N-COUNT

baseboard

[D.J.:ˈbeisbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈbesˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

踢脚板

baseboard

baseboard baseboards
A baseboard is a narrow length of wood which goes along the bottom of a wall in a room and makes a border between the walls and the floor. (AM; in BRIT use skirting board )
N-COUNT

-based

1. -based
-based combines with nouns referring to places to mean something positioned or existing mainly in the place mentioned, or operating or organized from that place.

- ...a Washington-based organization.

- ...land-based missiles...

- ...American-based companies.

COMB: COMB in ADJ

2. -based
-based combines with nouns to mean that the thing mentioned is a central part or feature.

- ...computer-based jobs.

- ...oil-based sauces.

COMB: COMB in ADJ

3. -based
-based combines with adverbs to mean having a particular kind of basis.

- There are growing signs of more broadly-based popular unrest.

COMB: COMB in ADJ-GRADED

baseless

[D.J.:ˈbeislis]

[K.K.:ˈbeslɪs]

adj.

无根据的

baseless

baseless
If you describe an accusation, rumour, or report as baseless , you mean that it is not true and is not based on facts.

- The government has described reports of a massacre as completely baseless.

- Baseless allegations have been made and these need to be refuted.

ADJ
= unfounded

baseless

adjective

unfounded

groundless

unconfirmed

uncorroborated

ungrounded

unjustified

unsubstantiated

unsupported

baseline

[ˈbeislain]

n.

(网球场的)底线; (棒球场的)垒线

基础; 起点

baseline *

1. baseline baselines
The baseline of a tennis, badminton, or basketball court is one of the lines at each end of the court that mark the limits of play.

- Martinez, when she served, usually stayed on the baseline.

N-COUNT: usu sing also base-line .

2. baseline baselines
In baseball, the baseline is the line that a player must not cross when running between bases.
N-COUNT: usu sing also base-line .

3. baseline baselines
A baseline is a value or starting point on a scale with which other values can be compared.

- You'll need such information to use as a baseline for measuring progress.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N for n/-ing also base-line .

basement

[D.J.:ˈbeismənt]

[K.K.:ˈbesmənt]

n.

地下室, 地下层

basement **

basement basements
The basement of a building is a floor built partly or completely below ground level.

- They bought an old schoolhouse to live in and built a workshop in the basement.

- They live in a basement flat in North London.

N-COUNT

base metal

base metal base metals
A base metal is a metal such as copper, zinc, tin, or lead that is not a precious metal.
N-VAR
≠ precious metal

base rate *

base rate base rates
In Britain, the base rate is the rate of interest that banks use as a basis when they are calculating the rates that they charge on loans.

- Bank base rates of 7 per cent are too high.

N-COUNT

bash

[D.J.:bæʃ]

[K.K.:bæʃ]

vt.

痛击, 猛击

bashing

充填采空区;封闭火灾区

bash **

1. bash bashes
A bash is a party or celebration, especially a large one held by an official organization or attended by famous people. (INFORMAL)

- He threw one of the biggest showbiz bashes of the year as a 36th birthday party for Jerry Hall.

N-COUNT
= thrash

2. bash bashes bashing bashed
If someone bashes you, they attack you by hitting or punching you hard. (INFORMAL)

- If someone tried to bash my best mate they would have to bash me as well.

- I bashed him on the head and dumped him in the cold, cold water.

- Two women were hurt and the chef was bashed over the head with a bottle.

VB

3. bash bashes bashing bashed
If you bash something, you hit it hard in a rough or careless way. (INFORMAL)

- Too many golfers try to bash the ball out of sand. That spells disaster.

- A stand-in drummer bashes on a single snare and a pair of cymbals.

VB

4. bash bashes
If you get a bash on a part of your body, someone or something hits you hard, or you bump into something. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu N on n
= knock

5. bash bashes bashing bashed
To bash someone means to criticize them severely, usually in a public way. (JOURNALISM)

- The President could continue to bash Democrats as being soft on crime.

VB

6. bash bashes
If you have a bash at something, you try to do it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He's prepared to have a bash at discussing it intelligently.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N at n/-ing

bash

verb

1.

hit

belt informal

smash

sock slang

strike

wallop informal

noun

2.

attempt

crack informal

go informal

shot informal

stab informal

try

bash in **

bash in bashes in; bashing in; bashed in
If someone bashes a person's or animal's head in , they hit it very hard and cause severe injuries to it.

- The butt of a rifle had been used to bash in his skull.

- ...a dead fox with its head bashed in.

PHR-V

bash out **

bash out bashes out; bashing out; bashed out
If you say that someone bashes something out , you mean that they produce it quickly or in large quantities, but without much care or thought. (INFORMAL)

- Up to then, they'd merrily bashed out albums in between tours.

- Their ambitions are to bash out good grub with minimal fuss.

PHR-V

bash up **

bash up bashes up; bashing up; bashed up
If someone bashes you up , they attack you violently and injure you. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The two sisters apparently bashed each other up when their long overdue reconciliation turned sour.

- I've been bashed up by people with baseball bats because they said I was thieving on their patch.

PHR-V
= beat up

-basher

-basher
-basher combines with nouns to form nouns referring to someone who is physically violent towards a particular type of person, or who is unfairly critical of a particular type of person.

- ...gay-bashers who go around looking for homosexuals to beat up...

- These pressures come not from unthinking lawyer-bashers, but from sober legal reformers.

COMB in N-COUNT disapproval

bashful

[D.J.:ˈbæʃfəl]

[K.K.:ˈbæʃfəl]

adj.

羞怯的

局促不安的；缺乏自信的

bashfully

adv.

羞怯地,内向地

bashful

1. bashful
Someone who is bashful is shy and easily embarrassed.

- Offstage, he is bashful and awkward.

- In our culture we tend to be bashful about our talents and skills.

- ...a bashful young lady.

ADJ-GRADED
= coy

2. bashfully

- `No,' Wang Fu said bashfully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. bashfulness

- Suddenly overcome with bashfulness, he lowered his voice.

N-UNCOUNT

bashful

adjective Informal

shy

blushing

coy

diffident

reserved

reticent

retiring

timid

-bashing

1. -bashing
-bashing combines with nouns to form nouns or adjectives that refer to strong, public, and often unfair criticism of the people or group mentioned. (JOURNALISM)

- Tory-bashing or Labour-bashing will not be enough to shift bored, suspicious voters.

COMB in N-UNCOUNT, ADJ disapproval

2. -bashing
-bashing combines with nouns to form nouns or adjectives that refer to the activity of violently attacking the people mentioned just because they belong to a particular group or community. (INFORMAL)

- ...an outburst of violent gay-bashing in New York and other cities.

COMB in N-UNCOUNT, ADJ disapproval

basic

[D.J.:ˈbeisik]

[K.K.:ˈbesɪk]

adj.

基本的, 基础的; 根本的

basic ****

1. basic
You use basic to describe things, activities, and principles that are very important or necessary, and on which others depend.

- One of the most basic requirements for any form of angling is a sharp hook.

- ...the basic skills of reading, writing and communicating.

- ...the basic laws of physics...

- Access to justice is a basic right.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= fundamental

2. basic
Basic goods and services are very simple ones which every human being needs. You can also refer to people's basic needs for such goods and services.

- ...shortages of even the most basic foodstuffs...

- Hospitals lack even basic drugs for surgical operations.

- ...the basic needs of food and water.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. basic
If one thing is basic to another, it is absolutely necessary to it, and the second thing cannot exist, succeed, or be imagined without it.

- ...an oily liquid, basic to the manufacture of a host of other chemical substances...

- There are certain ethical principles that are basic to all the great religions.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n
= central

4. basic
You can use basic to emphasize that you are referring to what you consider to be the most important aspect of a situation, and that you are not concerned with less important details.

- There are three basic types of tea.

- The basic design changed little from that patented by Edison more than 100 years ago.

- The basic point is that sanctions cannot be counted on to produce a sure result.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= essential

5. basic
You can use basic to describe something that is very simple in style and has only the most necessary features, without any luxuries.

- We provide 2-person tents and basic cooking and camping equipment.

- ...the extremely basic hotel room.

ADJ-GRADED

6. basic
Basic is used to describe a price or someone's income when this does not include any additional amounts.

- ...an increase of more than twenty per cent on the basic pay of a typical coalface worker...

- The basic retirement pension will go up by £1.95 a week.

- The basic price for a 10-minute call is only £2.49.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. basic
The basic rate of income tax is the lowest or most common rate, which applies to people who earn average incomes.

- All this is to be done without big rises in the basic level of taxation.

- ...a basic-rate taxpayer.

ADJ: ADJ n

basic

adjective

essential

elementary

fundamental

key

necessary

primary

vital

basically

[D.J.:ˈbeisikəli]

[K.K.:ˈbesɪkəli, -kli]

adv.

基本上, 根本上, 本质上

basically ***

1. basically
You use basically for emphasis when you are stating an opinion, or when you are making an important statement about something.

- This gun is designed for one purpose -- it's basically to kill people.

- Basically I think he would be someone who complemented me in terms of character.

ADV: ADV with cl/group emphasis

2. basically
You use basically to show that you are describing a situation in a simple, general way, and that you are not concerned with less important details.

- Basically you've got two choices.

- It's basically a vegan diet.

- Battery charging systems remain basically the same as those in use half a century ago.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV before v

basically

adverb

essentially

at heart

fundamentally

inherently

in substance

intrinsically

mostly

primarily

basics

[D.J.:ˈbeɪsɪks]

n.

基本要素;基本原理

get/go back to basics

回到基本和实质性的东西上；想想要紧的事

basics *

1. basics
The basics of something are its simplest, most important elements, ideas, or principles, in contrast to more complicated or detailed ones.

- They will concentrate on teaching the basics of reading, writing and arithmetic.

- A strong community cannot be built until the basics are in place.

- Let's get down to basics and stop horsing around.

N-PLURAL: usu the N, oft N of n
= fundamentals

2. basics
Basics are things such as simple foods, clothes, or equipment that people need in order to live or to deal with a particular situation.

- ...supplies of basics such as bread and milk...

- We try to produce items that are the basics of a stylish wardrobe.

N-PLURAL
= essentials

3. basics
If you talk about getting back to basics , you are suggesting that people have become too concerned with complicated details or new theories, and that they should concentrate on simple, important ideas or activities.

- Nurtured carefully, the business can once again get back to basics.

- ...a new `back-to-basics' drive to raise standards of literacy in Britain's schools.

PHR: usu PHR after v, PHR n

basics

plural noun

essentials

brass tacks informal

fundamentals

nitty-gritty informal

nuts and bolts informal

principles

rudiments

basic training

basic training
Basic training is the training that someone receives when they first join the armed forces. (AM)
N-UNCOUNT

basil

[D.J.:ˈbæzəl]

[K.K.:ˈbæzəl, ˈbezəl]

n.

罗勒属植物

basil *

basil
Basil is a strong-smelling and strong-tasting herb that is used in cooking, especially with tomatoes.
N-UNCOUNT

basilica

[D.J.:bəˈzilikə]

[K.K.:bəˈsɪlɪkə]

n.

长方形廊柱大厅式基督教堂; 长方形廊柱大厅

basilica *

basilica basilicas
A basilica is a church which is rectangular in shape and has a rounded end.
N-COUNT

basin

[D.J.:ˈbeisn]

[K.K.:ˈbesɪn]

n.

盆, 碗

流域

basin **

1. basin basins
A basin is a large or deep bowl that you use for holding liquids, or for mixing or storing food.

- Place the eggs and sugar in a large basin.

- ...a pudding basin.

N-COUNT

2. basin basins
A basin of something such as water is an amount of it that is contained in a basin.

- We were given a basin of water to wash our hands in.

N-COUNT: N of n

3. basin basins
A basin is the same as a washbasin .

- ...a cast-iron bath with a matching basin and wc.

N-COUNT

4. basin basins
The basin of a large river is the area of land around it from which streams run down into it.

- ...the Amazon basin.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft in names

5. basin basins
In geography, a basin is a particular region of the world where the earth's surface is lower than in other places. (TECHNICAL)

- ...countries around the Pacific Basin.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft in names

6. basin basins
A basin is a partially enclosed area of deep water where boats or ships are kept.
N-COUNT: usu n N

basis point *

basis point basis points
In finance, a basis point is one hundredth of a per cent (.01%). (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl

bask

[D.J.:bæsk]

[K.K.:bæsk]

vt. &vi.

晒太阳,取暖

对…感到乐趣

bask in reflected glory

因他人的功绩而出名；仰仗…的余泽；沾光

bask *

1. bask basks basking basked
If you bask in the sunshine, you lie somewhere sunny and enjoy the heat.

- All through the hot, still days of their holiday Amy basked in the sun.

- Crocodiles bask on the small sandy beaches.

VB

2. bask basks basking basked
If you bask in someone's approval, favour, or admiration, you greatly enjoy their positive reaction towards you.

- He has spent a month basking in the adulation of the fans back in Jamaica.

- Livy smiled and basked in Rachel's approval.

VB

bask

verb

lie in

laze

loll

lounge

relax

sunbathe

swim in

basket

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:skit]

[K.K.:ˈbæskɪt]

n.

篮, 筐

basket **

1. basket baskets
A basket is a stiff container that is used for carrying or storing objects. Baskets are made from thin strips of materials such as straw, plastic, or wire woven together.

- ...big wicker picnic baskets filled with sandwiches.

- ...a laundry basket.

N-COUNT

2. basket baskets
A basket of things is a number of things contained in a basket.

- ...a small basket of fruit and snacks.

N-COUNT: N of n

3. basket baskets
In economics, a basket of currencies or goods is the average or total value of a number of different currencies or goods. (TECHNICAL)

- The pound's value against a basket of currencies hit a new low of 76.9.

- ...an inflation measure that gauges the price of a fixed basket of goods and services.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n

4. basket baskets
In basketball, the basket is a net hanging from a ring through which players try to throw the ball in order to score points.
N-COUNT

basketball

[ˈbɑ:skitbɔ:l]

n.

篮球(运动)

篮球

basketball **

1. basketball
Basketball is a game in which two teams of five players each try to score goals by throwing a large ball through a circular net fixed to a metal ring at each end of the court.
N-UNCOUNT

2. basketball basketballs
A basketball is a large ball which is used in the game of basketball.
N-COUNT

basket case

1. basket case basket cases
If someone describes a country or organization as a basket case , they mean that its economy or finances are in a seriously bad state. (INFORMAL)

- Ten years ago Latin America was written off as a basket case.

N-COUNT

2. basket case basket cases
If you describe someone as a basket case , you think that they are insane. (INFORMAL)

- You're going to think I'm a basket case when I tell you this.

N-COUNT disapproval
= nutcase

bas-relief

[D.J.:ˈbæsrili:f]

[K.K.:ˌbɑrɪˈlif]

n.

浅浮雕, 浅浮雕品

bas-relief

1. bas-relief
Bas-relief is a technique of sculpture in which shapes are carved so that they stand out from the background.

- Each piece is hand-decorated in a classic white bas-relief design.

N-UNCOUNT

2. bas-relief bas-reliefs
A bas-relief is a sculpture carved on a surface so that it stands out from the background.

- ...a pair of large arches, decorated with bas-reliefs.

N-COUNT

bass

[beis]

n.

低音歌唱家, 低音乐器

bass ***

1. bass basses
A bass is a man with a very deep singing voice.

- ...the great Russian bass Chaliapin.

N-COUNT

2. bass
A bass drum, guitar, or other musical instrument is one that produces a very deep sound.

- ...bass guitarist Dee Murray.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. bass basses
In popular music, a bass is a bass guitar or a double bass .

- They had a bass and a piano and a sax and percussion.

- ...Dave Ranson on bass and Kenneth Blevins on drums...

- Kurt had started out playing bass in a rock band.

N-VAR

4. bass
On a stereo system or radio, the bass is the ability to reproduce the lower musical notes. The bass is also the knob which controls this.

- ...larger models which will then give more bass and a higher fidelity sound.

N-UNCOUNT

5. bass
Bass are edible fish that are found in rivers and the sea. There are several types of bass.

- They unloaded their catch of cod and bass.

N-VAR The plural of the noun is bass

6. bass
Bass is a piece of this fish eaten as food.

- ...a large fresh fillet of sea bass.

N-UNCOUNT: oft n N The plural of the noun is bass

bass

adjective

deep

deep-toned

low

low-pitched

resonant

sonorous

basset hound

basset hound basset hounds
A basset hound is a dog with short strong legs, a long body, and long ears. It is kept as a pet or used for hunting.
N-COUNT
= basset

bassist

[D.J.:ˈbeisist]

[K.K.:ˈbesɪst]

n.

低音歌手,低音乐器的演奏者

bassist *

bassist bassists
A bassist is someone who plays the bass guitar or the double bass.
N-COUNT

bassoon

[D.J.:bəˈsu:n, bæ-]

[K.K.:bəˈsun, bæ-]

n.

(一种吹奏乐器)巴松管,低音管

bassoonist

n.

巴松管吹奏者

bassoonist

[bəˈsu:nist]

n.

巴颂吹奏者

bassoon

bassoon bassoons
A bassoon is a large musical instrument that is shaped like a tube and played by blowing into a curved metal pipe.
N-VAR: oft the N

bassoonist

bassoonist bassoonists
A bassoonist is someone who plays the bassoon.
N-COUNT

bastard

[D.J.:ˈbæstəd]

[K.K.:ˈbæstəd]

n.

私生子

坏蛋, 混蛋

bastard **

1. bastard bastards
Bastard is an insulting word which some people use about a person, especially a man, who has behaved very badly. (INFORMAL) ( VERY RUDE)

N-COUNT disapproval

2. bastard bastards
Some people say things such as lucky bastard or poor bastard to refer to a person, usually a man, who they think is very lucky, or very unlucky. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-COUNT: usu adj N feelings

3. bastard bastards
A bastard is a person whose parents were not married to each other at the time that he or she was born. This use could cause offence. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...King Arthur's bastard son, Mordred.

N-COUNT: oft N n
= illegitimate

4. bastard
If someone describes a problem or a situation as a bastard , they mean that it is extremely annoying or difficult to deal with. (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- Life can be a real bastard at times.

- I had to go early 'cos it's a bastard to get your motor out of the car park.

N-SING

bastard

noun

1.

rogue

blackguard

miscreant

reprobate

scoundrel

villain

wretch

2.

illegitimate child

love child

natural child

bastardized

bastardized
If you refer to something as a bastardized form of something else, you mean that the first thing is similar to or copied from the second thing, but is of much poorer quality. (FORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also bastardised disapproval

baste

[D.J.:beɪst]

[K.K.:best]

vt.

(烤肉等时)往上抹〔浇〕油

打,抽打

痛斥,大骂

粗缝,用长针脚疏缝

basting

[ˈbeistiŋ]

n.

疏缝,疏缝的针脚,疏缝用线,涂油

baste

baste bastes basting basted
If you baste meat, you pour hot fat and the juices from the meat itself over it while it is cooking.

- Mary stood at the stove basting the roasting chickens.

- Bake for 15-20 minutes, basting occasionally.

VB

bastion

[D.J.:ˈbæstiən]

[K.K.:ˈbæstʃən, -tiən]

n.

棱堡(要塞之凸处部分)

堡垒; 防御工事

〈喻〉堡垒

bastion *

bastion bastions
If a system or organization is described as a bastion of a particular way of life, it is seen as being important and effective in defending that way of life. Bastion can be used both when you think that this way of life should be ended and when you think it should be defended. (FORMAL)

- ...a town which had been a bastion of white prejudice.

- ...a bastion of spiritual freedom...

- The army is still one of the last male bastions.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n
= stronghold

bastion

noun Informal, offensive

stronghold

bulwark

citadel

defence

fortress

mainstay

prop

rock

support

tower of strength

bat

[D.J.:bæt]

[K.K.:bæt]

n.

球棒, 球拍

击球员

蝙蝠

bats

[D.J.:bæts]

[K.K.:bæts]

adj.

神经不正常的,怪异的

batting

[D.J.:ˈbætiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbætɪŋ]

n.

拍打

(用在被中等的)棉花胎, 棉套, 棉絮

bat ***

1. bat bats
A bat is a specially shaped piece of wood that is used for hitting the ball in baseball, softball, cricket, rounders, or table tennis.

- ...a baseball bat.

N-COUNT

2. bat bats batting batted
When you bat , you have a turn at hitting the ball with a bat in baseball, softball, cricket, or rounders.

- Australia, put in to bat, made a cautious start.

VB

3. batting

- ...his batting average...

- He's likely to open the batting.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n, the N

4. bat bats
A bat is a small flying animal that looks like a mouse with wings made of skin. Bats are active at night.
N-COUNT

5. bat
When something surprising or shocking happens, if someone doesn't bat an eyelid in British English, or doesn't bat an eye in American English, they remain calm and do not show any reaction.
PHR: V inflects

6. bat
If you go to bat for someone or go in to bat for them, you give them your support.

- The old judge doesn't like the thought of no one going in to bat for the accused.

PHR: V inflects
= stand up for

7. bat
If you drive like a bat out of hell , you drive extremely fast. (INFORMAL)

- He took off for Helsinki like a bat out of hell.

PHR: PHR after v

8. bat
If someone does something off their own bat , they do it without anyone else suggesting it. (BRIT)

- Whatever she did she did off her own bat. Whatever she did was nothing to do with me.

PHR: PHR after v

9. bat
If something happens right off the bat , it happens immediately. (AM)

- He learned right off the bat that you can't count on anything in this business.

PHR: usu PHR after v

bat

verb

hit

bang

smack

strike

swat

thump

wallop informal

whack

batch

[D.J.:bætʃ]

[K.K.:bætʃ]

n.

一炉

一批, 一组, 一群

batch **

batch batches
A batch of things or people is a group of things or people of the same kind, especially a group that is dealt with at the same time or is sent to a particular place at the same time.

- ...the current batch of trainee priests...

- She brought a large batch of newspaper cuttings.

- We're still waiting for the first batch to arrive.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

batch

noun

group

amount

assemblage

bunch

collection

crowd

lot

pack

quantity

set

bated

[ˈbeitid]

adj.

焦虑地

bated

bated
If you wait for something with bated breath , you wait anxiously to find out what will happen. (FORMAL)

- Every Monday the whole office used to wait with bated breath for his report.

- We would gather round my grandmother and listen with bated breath while she read of Wee Curly's latest adventures.

PHR: usu PHR after v

bath

[D.J.:bɑ:θ]

[K.K.:bæθ, bɑθ]

n.

沐浴, 洗澡; 浴缸

vt. & vi.

(给…)洗澡

bathe

[D.J.:beið]

[K.K.:beð]

vt. & vi.

给…洗澡, 游泳

vt.

冲洗; 浸

n.

游泳, 洗海水澡

bathed

v.

沐浴

bathing

[D.J.:ˈbeɪðɪŋ]

n.

(在海里)等游泳；沐浴

bath ***

1. bath baths
A bath is a container, usually a long rectangular one, which you fill with water and sit in while you wash your body. (BRIT; in AM use bathtub )

- In those days, only quite wealthy families had baths of their own.

N-COUNT

2. bath baths
When you have or take a bath , or when you are in the bath , you sit or lie in a bath filled with water in order to wash your body.

- ...if you have a bath every morning...

- Take a shower instead of a bath.

- ...a bath and shower gel.

N-COUNT

3. bath baths bathing bathed
If you bath someone, especially a child, you wash them in a bath. (BRIT; in AM use bathe )

- Don't feel you have to bath your child every day.

VB
= bathe

4. bath baths
Also a noun.

- The midwife gave him a warm bath.

N-COUNT

5. bath baths bathing bathed
When you bath , you have a bath. (BRIT; in AM use bathe )

- The three children all bath in the same bath water.

VB
= bathe

6. bath baths
A bath or a baths is a public building containing a swimming pool, and sometimes other facilities that people can use to have a wash or a bath.

- One of the most important buildings in this ruined city is a public bath.

- As well as a Roman amphitheatre and baths, the town has two superb museums.

N-COUNT

7. bath baths
A bath is a container filled with a particular liquid, such as a dye or an acid, in which particular objects are placed, usually as part of a manufacturing or chemical process.

- ...a developing photograph placed in a bath of fixer.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

bathe **

1. bathe bathes bathing bathed
If you bathe in a sea, river, or lake, you swim, play, or wash yourself in it. Birds and animals can also bathe . (mainly BRIT, FORMAL)

- The police have warned the city's inhabitants not to bathe in the polluted river.

- ...small ponds for the birds to bathe in.

VB

2. bathe
Also a noun.

- Fifty soldiers were taking an early morning bathe in a nearby lake.

N-SING: usu a N

3. bathing

- Nude bathing is not allowed.

- ...Britain's 440 designated bathing beaches.

N-UNCOUNT

4. bathe bathes bathing bathed
When you bathe , you have a bath. (AM; BRIT, FORMAL)

- At least 60% of us now bathe or shower once a day.

VB
= bath

5. bathe bathes bathing bathed
If you bathe someone, especially a child, you wash them in a bath. (AM; ALSO BRIT, FORMAL)

- Back home, Shirley plays with, feeds and bathes the baby.

VB
= bath

6. bathe bathes bathing bathed
If you bathe a part of your body or a wound, you wash it gently or soak it in a liquid.

- Bathe the infected area in a salt solution.

- She paused long enough to bathe her blistered feet.

VB

7. bathe bathes bathing bathed
If a place is bathed in light, it is covered with light, especially a gentle, pleasant light.

- The arena was bathed in warm sunshine.

- I was led to a small room bathed in soft red light.

- The lamp behind him seems to bathe him in warmth.

VB

bathed

1. bathed
If someone is bathed in sweat, they are sweating a great deal.

- Chantal was writhing in pain and bathed in perspiration.

ADJ: v-link ADJ in n

2. bathed
If someone is bathed in a particular emotion such as love, they feel it constantly in a pleasant way. (LITERARY)

- ...a physical sensation of being bathed in love.

- ...a relationship bathed in trust.

ADJ: v-link ADJ in n

bath

noun

1.

wash

cleansing

douche

scrubbing

shower

soak

tub

verb

2.

wash

bathe

clean

douse

scrub down

shower

soak

bathe

verb

1.

swim

2.

wash

cleanse

rinse

3.

cover

flood

immerse

steep

suffuse

bather

[D.J.:ˈbeɪ ðə]

[K.K.:ˈbe ðɚ]

n.

洗澡者

<英>游泳者

bather

bather bathers
A bather is a person who is swimming in the sea, or in a river or lake. (mainly BRIT, FORMAL)

- The beach was crowded with bathers.

N-COUNT
= swimmer

bathhouse

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:θhaus]

[K.K.:ˈbæθˌhaʊs, ˈbɑθ-]

n.

澡堂

bathhouse

bathhouse bathhouses
A bathhouse is a public or private building containing baths and often other facilities such as a sauna.

N-COUNT also bath house

bathing costume

bathing costume bathing costumes
A bathing costume is a piece of clothing that is worn for swimming, especially by women and girls. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- She wore a one-piece white bathing costume.

N-COUNT
= swimsuit

bathing suit

bathing suit bathing suits
A bathing suit is a piece of clothing which people wear when they go swimming.
N-COUNT
= swimsuit

bathing trunks

bathing trunks
Bathing trunks are shorts that a man wears when he goes swimming.
N-PLURAL
= swimming trunks

bathmat

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:θmæt]

[K.K.:ˈbæθˌmæt, ˈbɑθ-]

n.

浴室防滑垫

bathmat

bathmat bathmats
A bathmat is a mat which you stand on while you dry yourself after getting out of the bath.
N-COUNT also bath mat .

bathos

[D.J.:ˈbeiθɔs]

[K.K.:ˈbeˌθɑs, -ˌθɔs]

n.

由极好降为平常

反高潮

bathos

bathos
In literary criticism, bathos is a sudden change in speech or writing from a serious or important subject to a ridiculous or very ordinary one. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= anticlimax

bathrobe

[D.J.:ˈbæθˌrəʊb, ˈbɑ:θ-]

[K.K.:ˈbæθˌrob, ˈbɑθ-]

n.

浴衣;浴袍

bathrobe

1. bathrobe bathrobes
A bathrobe is a loose piece of clothing made of the same material as towels. You wear it before or after you have a bath or a swim.
N-COUNT

2. bathrobe bathrobes
A bathrobe is a dressing gown .

- He got out of bed and pulled on his bathrobe.

N-COUNT
= dressing gown

bathroom

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:θrum]

[K.K.:ˈbæθˌrum, -ˌrʊm, ˈbɑθ-]

n.

浴室

盥洗室

bathroom ***

1. bathroom bathrooms
A bathroom is a room in a house that contains a bath or shower, a washbasin, and sometimes a toilet.
N-COUNT

2. bathroom
A bathroom is a room in a house or public building that contains a toilet. (AM; in BRIT usually use toilet )

- She had gone in to use the bathroom.

N-SING: usu the N
= rest room

3. bathroom
People say that they are going to the bathroom when they want to say that they are going to use the toilet.

- Although he had been treated with antibiotics, he went to the bathroom repeatedly.

PHR: V inflects politeness

bath towel

bath towel bath towels
A bath towel is a very large towel used for drying your body after you have had a bath.
N-COUNT

bathtub

[D.J.:ˈbɑ:θtʌb]

[K.K.:ˈbæθˌtʌb, ˈbɑθ-]

n.

浴缸; 澡盆

bathtub

bathtub bathtubs
A bathtub is a long, usually rectangular container which you fill with water and sit in to wash your body. (AM; in BRIT use bath )
N-COUNT

bath water

bath water
Your bath water is the water in which you sit or lie when you have a bath.

- He has to share his bath water with the other three children in the family.

N-UNCOUNT also bathwater .
to throw the baby out with the bath water : see baby .

batik

[D.J.:bəˈti:k]

[K.K.:bəˈtik, ˈbætɪk]

n.

蜡防印花法

batik

1. batik
Batik is a process for printing designs on cloth. Wax is put on those areas of the cloth that you do not want to be coloured by dye.

- ...a process similar to that used in batik.

- ...batik bedspreads.

N-UNCOUNT

2. batik batiks
A batik is a cloth which has been printed with a batik design.

- ...a four-poster bed decorated with local batiks.

- ...batik from Bali.

N-VAR

batman

[D.J.:ˈbætmən]

[K.K.:ˈbætmən]

n.

(部队中的)勤务兵

batman

batman batmen
In the British armed forces, an officer's batman is his personal servant.

- ...morning tea brought by his batman.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft poss N

baton

[D.J.:bəˈtɔn, bæ-, ˈbætn]

[K.K.:bəˈtɑn, bæ-, ˈbætn..]

n.

(警察武器)警棍

(乐队指挥用的)指挥棒

接力棒

baton *

1. baton batons
A baton is a short heavy stick which is sometimes used as a weapon by the police. (BRIT; in AM use billy or billy club )
N-COUNT
= truncheon

2. baton batons
A baton is a light, thin stick used by a conductor to conduct an orchestra or a choir.
N-COUNT

3. baton batons
In athletics or track events, a baton is a short stick that is passed from one runner to another in a relay race.
N-COUNT

4. baton batons
A baton is a long stick with a knob on one end that is sometimes carried by a person marching in a parade. The baton is spun round, thrown into the air and caught.
N-COUNT

5. baton
If someone passes the baton to another person, they pass responsibility for something to that person. If someone picks up the baton , they take over responsibility for something.

- Does this mean that the baton of leadership is going to be passed to other nations?

PHR: V inflects

baton

noun

stick

club

crook

mace

rod

sceptre

staff

truncheon

wand

baton charge

1. baton charge baton charges
A baton charge is an attacking forward movement made by a large group of policemen carrying batons. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also baton-charge

2. baton-charge
Also a verb. (JOURNALISM)

- A warning was given, then police in riot gear baton-charged the crowd.

VERB

batsman

[D.J.:ˈbætsmən]

[K.K.:ˈbætsmən]

n.

(板球)击球手

(飞机的)着陆信号员

batsman **

batsman batsmen
The batsman in a game of cricket is the player who is batting.

- The batsman rose on his toes and played the rising ball down into the ground.

- He was the greatest batsman of his generation.

N-COUNT

battalion

[D.J.:bəˈtæljən]

[K.K.:bəˈtæljən]

n.

(陆军的)一营(大约有一千兵士)

协同作战的部队;军队

(组织在一起工作的)队伍

battalion **

1. battalion battalions
A battalion is a large group of soldiers that consists of three or more companies.

- Ten hours later Anthony was ordered to return to his battalion.

- When war broke out, he joined the second battalion of the Grenadier Guards.

N-COUNT
= garrison

2. battalion battalions
A battalion of people is a large group of them, especially a well-organized, efficient group that has a particular task to do.

- There were battalions of highly paid publicists to see that such news didn't make the press.

N-COUNT: N of n
= horde

batten

[D.J.:ˈbætən]

[K.K.:ˈbætn]

n.

板条

压条

vt.

用板条或压条固定

(损人利己地)养肥自己

batten

1. batten battens
A batten is a long strip of wood that is fixed to something to strengthen it or to hold it firm.

- Timber battens can be fixed to the wall so that a decorative wallboard can be attached.

N-COUNT

2. batten battens battening battened
If something is battened in place, it is made secure by having battens fixed across it or being closed firmly.

- The roof was never securely battened down.

- ...big pine shutters that could be battened against the noonday sun.

VB: usu passive

batten

verb

usually with down

fasten

board up

clamp down

cover up

fix

nail down

secure

tighten

batten on

batten on battens on; battening on; battened on
If you say that someone battens on a particular person or thing, you disapprove of the fact that they become successful by forming a close connection with that person or thing.

- ...a malicious insurance agent who battens on a Melbourne couple after an accident at home.

- ...the growth of extremist parties, battening on fears about mass immigration and unemployment.

PHR-V disapproval

batter

[D.J.:ˈbætə]

[K.K.:ˈbætɚ]

vt. & vi.

连续猛击

battered

[ˈbætəd]

adj.

(通常是被家庭成员虐待殴打而)身体受伤的

battering

[ˈbætəriŋ]

n.

用坏;损坏

batter **

1. batter batters battering battered
If someone is battered , they are regularity hit and badly hurt by a member of their family or by their partner.

- ...evidence that the child was being battered.

- ...boys who witness fathers battering their mothers.

- ...battered wives.

VB

2. battering

- Leaving the relationship does not mean that the battering will stop.

N-UNCOUNT

3. batter batters battering battered
To batter someone means to hit them many times, using fists or a heavy object.

- He battered her around the head.

- A karate expert battered a man to death.

- He was battered unconscious.

VB

4. battered

- Her battered body was discovered in a field.

ADJ-GRADED

5. batter batters battering battered
If a place is battered by wind, rain, or storms, it is seriously damaged or affected by very bad weather.

- The country has been battered by winds of between fifty and seventy miles an hour.

- ...a storm that's been battering the Northeast coastline.

VB: usu passive
= pound

6. batter batters battering battered
If you batter something, you hit it many times, using your fists or a heavy object.

- They were battering the door, they were breaking in.

- Batter the steaks flat.

VB

7. batter batters
Batter is a mixture of flour, eggs, and milk that is used in cooking.

- ...pancake batter.

- ...fish in batter.

N-VAR

8. batter batters
In sports such as baseball and softball, a batter is a person who hits the ball with a wooden bat.

- ...batters and pitchers.

N-COUNT

battered *

battered
Something that is battered is old and in poor condition because it has been used a lot.

- He drove up in a battered old car.

- ...a battered leather suitcase.

ADJ-GRADED

battering

battering batterings
If something takes a battering , it suffers very badly as a result of a particular event or action.

- Sterling took a battering yesterday as worries grew about the state of Britain's economy.

N-COUNT
= beating

batter

verb

beat

buffet

clobber slang

pelt

pound

pummel

thrash

wallop informal

batter down **

batter down batters down; battering down; battered down
If you batter a door down , you hit it so hard that it falls to pieces.

- He would have to batter the door down.

- They used lorries to batter down embassy gates.

PHR-V

battering ram

battering ram battering rams
A battering ram is a long heavy piece of wood that is used to knock down the locked doors of buildings.

- The battering ram was smashing through the oak door.

N-COUNT also battering-ram .

batteries

n.

电池

battery

[D.J.:ˈbætəri]

[K.K.:ˈbætəri]

n.

(蓄)电池(组)

排炮, 炮组

一系列, 一套

battery **

1. battery batteries
Batteries are small devices that provide the power for electrical items such as radios and children's toys.

- The shavers come complete with batteries.

- ...a battery-operated cassette player.

- ...rechargeable batteries.

N-COUNT

2. battery batteries
A car battery is a rectangular box containing acid that is found in a car engine. It provides the electricity needed to start the car.

- ...a car with a flat battery.

N-COUNT

3. battery batteries
A battery of equipment such as guns, lights, or computers is a large set of it kept together in one place.

- They stopped beside a battery of abandoned guns.

- ...batteries of spotlights set up on rooftops.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

4. battery batteries
A battery of people or things is a very large number of them.

- ...a battery of journalists and television cameras...

- Crack is part of a battery of drugs used by addicts.

N-COUNT: N of n
= horde

5. battery batteries
A battery of tests is a set of tests that is used to assess a number of different aspects of something, such as your health.

- We give a battery of tests to each patient.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n

6. battery
Battery farming is a system of breeding chickens and hens in which large numbers of them are kept in small cages, and used for their meat and eggs. (BRIT)

- ...battery hens being raised in dark, cramped conditions.

ADJ: ADJ n

battery

noun

artillery

cannon

cannonry

gun emplacements

guns

battle

[D.J.:ˈbætl]

[K.K.:ˈbætl]

n.

战斗, 战役; 交战

vt. & vi.

与[对]…作战, 争斗

battled

有城垛的;有雉堞的

battle ****

1. battle battles
A battle is a violent fight between groups of people, especially one between military forces during a war.

- ...the victory of King William III at the Battle of the Boyne.

- ...after a gun battle between police and drug traffickers.

- ...men who die in battle.

N-VAR

2. battle battles
A battle is a conflict in which different people or groups compete in order to achieve success or control.

- ...a renewed political battle over Britain's attitude to Europe.

- ...the eternal battle between good and evil in the world.

- ...a macho battle for supremacy...

- He was appalled to discover members of the board fighting damaging personal battles.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N prep
= struggle

3. battle battles
You can use battle to refer to someone's efforts to achieve something in spite of very difficult circumstances.

- ...the battle against crime...

- She has fought a constant battle with her weight.

- Greg lost his brave battle against cancer two years ago.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N against n
= fight

4. battle battles battling battled
To battle with an opposing group means to take part in a fight or contest against them. In American English, you can also say that one group or person is battling another.

- In one town thousands of people battled with police and several were reportedly wounded.

- The sides must battle again for a quarter-final place on December 16.

- They're also battling the government to win compensation.

V-RECIP

5. battle battles battling battled
To battle means to try hard to do something in spite of very difficult circumstances. In British English, you battle against something or with something. In American English, you battle something.

- Doctors battled throughout the night to save her life.

- ...a lone yachtsman returning from his months of battling with the elements...

- In Wyoming, firefighters are still battling the two blazes.

VB
= fight

6. battler

- If anyone can do it, he can. He's a battler and has a strong character.

N-COUNT

7. battle
If one person or group does battle with another, they take part in a battle or contest against them. You can also say that two people or groups do battle .

- ...the notorious Montonero guerrilla group who did battle with the army during the dirty war...

- This March, a British and an American company will do battle in the High Court over the right to press compact discs.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, PHR with/against n, pl-n PHR

8. battle
If you say that something is half the battle , you mean that it is the most important step towards achieving something.

- Choosing the right type of paint for the job is half the battle.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

9. battle
If you say that the battle lines are drawn between opposing groups or people, you mean that they are ready to start fighting or arguing, and that it has become clear what the main points of conflict or disagreement will be.

- The battle lines were drawn after the government refused to budge from its final offer.

PHR: V inflects

10. battle
If you are fighting a losing battle , you are trying to achieve something but are not going to be successful.

- The crew fought a losing battle to try to restart the engines.

- ...on a day when the sun is fighting a losing battle against the lowering clouds.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR with/against n, PHR to-inf

11. battle
If one group or person battles it out with another, they take part in a fight or contest against each other until one of them wins or a definite result is reached. You can also say that two groups or two people battle it out .

- In the Cup Final, Leeds battled it out with the old enemy, Manchester United.

- Barbados could have three new political parties battling it out in the next General Election.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, PHR with n, pl-n PHR

12. battle
If you say that someone has lost the battle, but won the war , you mean that although they have been defeated in a small conflict they have won a larger, more important one of which it was a part. If you say that someone has won the battle but lost the war , you mean that they have won the small conflict but lost the larger one.

- The strikers may have won the battle, but they lost the war.

PHR: Vs and battle inflect

13. battle
A battle of wills is a situation that involves people who try to defeat each other by refusing to change their own aims or demands and hoping that their opponents will weaken first.

- The President offered compromises to parliament to defuse the battle of wills over who should wield power.

PHR

14. battle
If you refer to a situation as a battle of wits , you mean that it involves people with opposing aims who compete with each other using their intelligence, rather than force.

- With chess you're involved in a battle of wits from start to finish.

PHR: battle inflects

battle

noun

1.

fight

action

attack

combat

encounter

engagement

hostilities

skirmish

2.

conflict

campaign

contest

crusade

dispute

struggle

verb

3.

struggle

argue

clamour

dispute

fight

lock horns

strive

war

battle-axe

n.

战斧

battle-axe

1. battle-axe battle-axes
If you call a middle-aged or older woman a battle-axe , you mean she is very difficult and unpleasant because of her fierce and determined attitude. (INFORMAL)

- Grandma is something else -- a battle-axe from the old country who hasn't smiled in decades.

N-COUNT The spellings battleaxe , and in American English battle-ax are also used. disapproval
= dragon

2. battle-axe battle-axes
A battle-axe is a large axe that was used as a weapon.
N-COUNT The spellings battleaxe , and in American English battle-ax are also used.

battle cruiser

battle cruiser battle cruisers
A battle cruiser is a large fast warship that is lighter than a battleship and moves more easily.
N-COUNT also battlecruiser .

battle cry

1. battle cry battle cries
A battle cry is a phrase that is used to encourage people to support a particular cause or campaign.

- Their battle-cry will be: `Sign this petition before they sign away your country.'

N-COUNT also battle-cry .
= rallying cry

2. battle cry battle cries
A battle cry is a shout that soldiers give as they go into battle.
N-COUNT also battle-cry .

battlefield

[D.J.:ˈbætlˌfi:ld]

[K.K.:ˈbætl..ˌfild]

n.

战场,战地

斗争的领域

battlefield **

1. battlefield battlefields
A battlefield is a place where a battle is fought.

- ...the battlefields of the Somme.

N-COUNT
= battleground

2. battlefield battlefields
You can refer to an issue or field of activity over which people disagree or compete as a battlefield .

- ...the domestic battlefield of family life.

N-COUNT
= battleground

battlefield

noun

battleground

combat zone

field

field of battle

front

battleground

[D.J.:ˈbætlˌɡraund]

[K.K.:ˈbætlˌɡraʊnd]

n.

战场

battleground *

1. battleground battlegrounds
A battleground is the same as a battlefield .
N-COUNT

2. battleground battlegrounds
You can refer to an issue or field of activity over which people disagree or compete as a battleground .

- ...the battleground of education...

- Children's literature is an ideological battleground.

N-COUNT
= battlefield

battlements

n.

碉堡上的城垛

battlements

battlements
The battlements of a castle or fortress consist of a wall built round the top, with gaps through which guns or arrows can be fired.
N-PLURAL
= parapet

battleship

[D.J.:ˈbætlˌʃɪp]

[K.K.:ˈbætl..ˌʃɪp]

n.

战列舰;主力舰

battleship *

battleship battleships
A battleship is a very large, heavily armed warship.
N-COUNT

battleship

noun

warship

gunboat

man-of-war

batty

[D.J.:ˈbæti]

[K.K.:ˈbæti]

adj.

疯狂的

batty

batty battier battiest
If you say that someone is batty , you mean that they are rather eccentric or slightly crazy. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Laura's going a bit batty.

- ...some batty uncle of theirs.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= barmy

batty

adjective

crazy

daft informal

dotty slang chiefly Brit.

eccentric

mad

odd

peculiar

potty Brit. informal

touched

bauble

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:bəl]

[K.K.:ˈbɔbəl]

n.

小玩意, 小摆饰, 骗钱货

华而不实的小件装饰品, 儿童玩具

丑角的手杖

无价值的东西

幼稚愚蠢的人

bauble

bauble baubles
A bauble is a small, cheap ornament or piece of jewellery.

- Christmas trees are decorated with candles, fairy lights and coloured baubles.

N-COUNT
= trinket

bauble

noun

trinket

bagatelle

gewgaw

gimcrack

knick-knack

plaything

toy

trifle

bauxite

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:kˌsaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈbɔkˌsaɪt]

n.

铝土矿,铝矾土

bauxite

bauxite
Bauxite is a clay-like substance from which aluminium is obtained.
N-UNCOUNT

bawdy

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:di:]

[K.K.:ˈbɔdi]

adj.

低级下流的

n.

粗话,下流作品

bawdy

bawdy bawdier bawdiest
A bawdy story or joke contains humorous references to sex. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- We got arrested once, for singing bawdy songs in a cemetery.

ADJ-GRADED
= lewd

bawdy

adjective

rude

coarse

dirty

indecent

lascivious

lecherous

lewd

ribald

salacious

smutty

bawl

[D.J.:bɔ:l]

[K.K.:bɔl]

vi.

大叫, 大喊

放声大哭

vt.

大声叫出

叫卖(货物)

n.

大叫声

号哭

bawl sb out

大声训斥

bawl sth out

大喊；高声唱

bawl *

1. bawl bawls bawling bawled
If you bawl , you shout in a very loud voice, for example because you are angry or you want people to hear you.

- When I came back to the hotel Laura and Peter were shouting and bawling at each other.

- Then a voice bawled: `Lay off! I'll kill you, you little rascal!'.

- He tried to direct the video like a fashion show, bawling instructions to the girls.

VB
= yell

2. bawl out bawls out; bawling out; bawled out
Bawl out means the same as bawl .

- Someone in the audience bawled out `Not him again!'

PHR-V
= yell out

3. bawl bawls bawling bawled
If you say that a child is bawling , you are annoyed because it is crying loudly.

- One of the toddlers was bawling, and the other had a runny nose.

- ...a bawling baby.

VB disapproval

bawl out *

bawl out bawls out; bawling out; bawled out
If someone bawls you out , they shout at you angrily because you have done something wrong. (INFORMAL)

- Do you think I'm just going to bawl you out and that'll be an end of it?

PHR-V
= yell at

See also bawl 1.

bawl

verb

1.

cry

blubber

sob

wail

weep

2.

shout

bellow

call

clamour

howl

roar

yell

bay

[D.J.:bei]

[K.K.:be]

n.

湾

分隔间

低沉的吠声

月桂树

vi.

(尤指猎犬等)低沉地吠叫

bay ***

1. bay bays
A bay is a part of a coast where the land curves inwards.

- ...a short ferry ride across the bay.

- ...the Bay of Bengal.

- ...the San Francisco Bay area.

N-COUNT: oft in names

2. bay bays
A bay is a partly enclosed area, inside or outside a building, that is used for a particular purpose.

- The animals are herded into a bay, then butchered.

- The car reversed into the loading bay.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

3. bay bays
On an aircraft or ship, a bay is a section that is used for carrying cargo or equipment.

- ...in the cargo bays of aircraft.

N-COUNT: usu n N
= hold

4. bay bays
A bay is an area of a room which extends beyond the main walls of a house, especially an area with a large window at the front of a house.
N-COUNT

5. bay
A bay horse is reddish-brown in colour.
ADJ

6. bay bays baying bayed
If a number of people are baying for something, they are demanding something angrily, usually that someone should be punished.

- The referee ignored voices baying for a penalty.

- Opposition politicians have been baying for his blood.

- ...the baying crowd.

VB: usu cont
= clamour

7. bay bays baying bayed
If a dog or wolf bays , it makes loud, long cries.

- A dog suddenly howled, baying at the moon.

VB

8. bay
If you keep something or someone at bay , or hold them at bay , you prevent them from reaching, attacking, or affecting you.

- Eating oranges keeps colds at bay.

- Prisoners armed with baseball bats used the hostages to hold police at bay.

PHR: V inflects

bay

noun

inlet

bight

cove

gulf

natural harbour

sound

bay

noun

recess

alcove

compartment

niche

nook

opening

bay

verb

howl

bark

clamour

cry

growl

yelp

bay leaf *

bay leaf bay leaves
A bay leaf is a leaf of an evergreen tree that can be dried and used as a herb in cooking.
N-COUNT

bayonet

[D.J.:ˈbeɪənɪt, -ˌnet, ˌbeɪəˈnet]

[K.K.:ˈbeənɪt, -ˌnɛt, ˌbeəˈnɛt]

n.

刺刀

vt.

用刺刀刺

vi.

用刺刀,劈刺

bayonet *

1. bayonet bayonets
A bayonet is a long, sharp blade that can be fixed to the end of a rifle and used as a weapon.
N-COUNT

2. bayonet bayonets bayoneting bayoneted
To bayonet someone means to push a bayonet into them.

- The soldiers were ordered by their inhuman officers to bayonet every man they could find.

VB

bayou

[D.J.:ˈbaiju:]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪu, ˈbaɪo]

n.

小海湾,支流,河口

bayou

bayou bayous
A bayou is a slow-moving, marshy area of water in the southern United States, especially Louisiana.
N-COUNT

bay window

bay window bay windows
A bay window is a window that sticks out from the outside wall of a house.
N-COUNT

bazaar

[D.J.:bəˈzɑ:]

[K.K.:bəˈzɑr]

n.

(东方国家的)市场,集市

义卖；义卖市场

(出售花哨商品等的)小商品市场；百货商店

bazaar *

1. bazaar bazaars
In areas such as the Middle East and India, a bazaar is a place where there are many small shops and stalls.

- Kamal was a vendor in Egypt's open-air bazaar.

N-COUNT

2. bazaar bazaars
A bazaar is a sale to raise money for charity.

- ...a church bazaar.

N-COUNT
= fete

bazaar

noun

1.

fair

bring-and-buy

fête

sale of work

2.

market

exchange

marketplace

bazooka

[D.J.:bəˈzu:kə]

[K.K.:bəˈzukə]

n.

反坦克火箭筒

bazooka

bazooka bazookas
A bazooka is a long, tube-shaped gun that is held on the shoulder and fires rockets.
N-COUNT

BBC

abbr.

British Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司

BBC ****

1. BBC
The BBC is a British organization which broadcasts programmes on radio and television. BBC is an abbreviation for `British Broadcasting Corporation'.

- The concert will be broadcast live by the BBC.

- ...the BBC correspondent in Tunis.

N-PROPER: the N

2. BBC
BBC is used to refer to television channels and radio stations that are run by the BBC.

- He begins his new series on BBC 2 at 9pm on Thursday.

- ...BBC Radio Scotland.

N-IN-NAMES

BBQ

abbr.

barbecue 吃烤烧肉的野餐

BBQ

abbr.

barbecue 吃烤烧肉的野餐

BBQ

BBQ is the written abbreviation for barbecue .

BC

abbr.

before Christ 公元前

British Columbia (加拿大)不列颠哥伦比亚省

BC *

BC
You use BC in dates to indicate a number of years or centuries before the year in which Jesus Christ is believed to have been born.

- The brooch dates back to the fourth century BC.

be-

[bi]

pref.

加于名词,形容词等之前,形成动词而表不同意义

be-

be-
Be- can be added to a noun followed by an `-ed' suffix to form an adjective that indicates that a person is covered with or wearing the thing named.

- ...an elaborately bewigged and bejewelled Elizabeth I.

- ...a bespectacled librarian.

PREFIX

beach

[D.J.:bi:tʃ]

[K.K.:bitʃ]

n.

海滩, 海滨

beaching

[ˈbi:tʃiŋ]

n.

海滩堆积

beach ***

1. beach beaches
A beach is an area of sand or stones beside the sea.

- ...a beautiful sandy beach...

- I just want to lie on the beach in the sun.

N-COUNT
= seashore

2. beach beaches beaching beached
If something such as a boat beaches , or if it is beached , it is pulled or forced out of the water and onto land.

- We beached the canoe, running it right up the bank.

- The boat beached on a mud flat.

- Experts are unable to explain why the whales beached themselves.

V-ERG

beach

noun

shore

coast

sands

seashore

seaside

water's edge

beached

adjective

stranded

abandoned

aground

ashore

deserted

grounded

high and dry

marooned

wrecked

beach ball

beach ball beach balls
A beach ball is a large, light ball filled with air, which people play with, especially on the beach.
N-COUNT

beach bum

beach bum beach bums
If you refer to someone as a beach bum , you mean that they spend a lot of time enjoying themselves on the beach or in the sea.
N-COUNT

beachcomber

[D.J.:ˈbi:tʃˌkəʊmə]

[K.K.:ˈbitʃˌkomɚ]

n.

(海滩捡漂浮物的)流浪汉

拍岸浪

beachcomber

beachcomber beachcombers
A beachcomber is someone who spends their time wandering along beaches looking for things they can use.
N-COUNT also beach-comber .

beachfront

[D.J.:ˈbi:tʃˌfrʌnt]

[K.K.:ˈbitʃˌfrʌnt]

adj.

(建筑物)面向海滩的, 海滨的, 湖边的

n.

海滩,湖边

beachfront

beachfront
A beachfront house, caf´e, shop, or hotel is situated on or by a beach.
ADJ: ADJ n

beachhead

[D.J.:ˈbi:tʃhed]

[K.K.:ˈbitʃˌhɛd]

n.

滩头阵地, 滩头堡

beachhead

beachhead beachheads
A beachhead is an area of land next to the sea or a river where an attacking force has taken control and can prepare to advance further inland.
N-COUNT also beach-head .

beacon

[D.J.:ˈbi:kən]

[K.K.:ˈbikən]

n.

烽火；烽火台

灯塔, 灯标

(灯塔之类的)信号站

无线电台或发射台

指路明灯;指路人

vt.

明亮,指引

为...设置信标

vi.

像灯塔般照耀

beacon *

1. beacon beacons
A beacon is a light or a fire, usually on a hill or tower, which acts as a signal or a warning.
N-COUNT

2. beacon beacons
If someone acts as a beacon to other people, they inspire or encourage them.

- Our Parliament has been a beacon of hope to the peoples of Europe.

- General Rudnicki was a moral beacon for many exiled Poles.

N-COUNT: usu N to/of/for n

beacon

noun

signal

beam

bonfire

flare

lighthouse

sign

watchtower

bead

[D.J.:bi:d]

[K.K.:bid]

n.

(空心)小珠子

水珠

珠子项链

beads

玻璃粉

bead *

1. bead beads
Beads are small pieces of coloured glass, wood, or plastic with a hole through the middle. Beads are often put together on a piece of string or wire to make jewellery.

- ...a string of beads.

- ...a multicoloured bead necklace.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. bead beads
A bead of liquid or moisture is a small drop of it.

- ...beads of blood...

- He wiped away the beads of sweat on his forehead.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

bead

noun

drop

blob

bubble

dot

droplet

globule

pellet

pill

beaded

[ˈbi:did]

adj.

饰以珠的,珠状的

beaded

1. beaded
A beaded dress, cushion, or other object is decorated with beads.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. beaded
If something is beaded with a liquid, it is covered in small drops of that liquid.

- The man's bald head was beaded with sweat.

- The cave walls were beaded with moisture.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with n

beading

[D.J.:ˈbi:diŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbidɪŋ]

n.

小珠饰(尤指花边状网眼边饰)

串珠饰, 串珠状缘饰

(轮胎的)胎边, 胎圈

beading

1. beading
Beading is a narrow strip of wood that is used for decorating or edging furniture and doors.
N-UNCOUNT

2. beading
Beading is an arrangement of beads used for decorating clothes.

- ...a black velvet bodice with jet black beading.

N-UNCOUNT

beady

[D.J.:ˈbi:di]

[K.K.:ˈbidi]

adj.

(指眼睛)小而圆, 晶亮如珠子的

beady

1. beady
Beady eyes are small, round, and bright.

- Meg felt the old woman's beady eyes on her.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. beady
If someone keeps a beady eye on a person or organization, they watch them carefully and suspiciously.

- He keeps a beady eye on the road outside through the net curtains.

ADJ: ADJ n

beady

adjective

bright

gleaming

glinting

glittering

sharp

shining

beagle

[D.J.:ˈbi:ɡl]

[K.K.:ˈbiɡəl]

n.

猎兔犬

beagle

beagle beagles
A beagle is a short-haired black and brown dog with long ears and short legs. It is kept as a pet or sometimes used for hunting.
N-COUNT

beak

[D.J.:bi:k]

[K.K.:bik]

n.

鸟嘴

beak *

beak beaks
A bird's beak is the hard curved or pointed part of its mouth.

- ...a black bird with a yellow beak.

N-COUNT
= bill

beak

noun

1.

bill

mandible

neb archaic or dialect

nib

2.

nose

proboscis

snout

beaker

[D.J.:ˈbi:kə]

[K.K.:ˈbikɚ]

n.

高脚杯

烧杯

beaker

1. beaker beakers
A beaker is a plastic cup used for drinking, usually one with no handle. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. beaker beakers
A beaker is a large cup or glass. (AM)
N-COUNT

3. beaker beakers
A beaker is a glass or plastic jar which is used in chemistry.
N-COUNT

be-all and end-all

be-all and end-all
If something is the be-all and end-all to you, it is the only important thing in your life, or the only important feature of a particular activity.

- For some people, competing is the be-all and end-all of their running.

PHR: v-link PHR, usu PHR of n

beam

[D.J.:bi:m]

[K.K.:bim]

n.

梁, 横梁

束, 柱

vi.

发出光与热

面露喜色

vt.

播送

beamed

[bi:md]

adj.

有梁的,定向的

beaming

[ˈbi:miŋ]

adj.

照耀的,光亮的,喜气洋洋的,愉快的

beam **

1. beam beams beaming beamed
If you say that someone is beaming , you mean that they have a big smile on their face because they are happy, pleased, or proud about something. (WRITTEN)

- Frances beamed at her friend with undisguised admiration.

- `Welcome back,' she beamed.

- ...the beaming face of a 41-year-old man on the brink of achieving his dreams.

VB

2. beam beams
A beam is a line of energy, radiation, or particles sent in a particular direction.

- ...high-energy laser beams.

- ...a beam of neutrons.

N-COUNT: usu n N, N of n

3. beam beams beaming beamed
If radio signals or television pictures are beamed somewhere, they are sent there by means of electronic equipment.

- The interview was beamed live across America.

- Soon, CMTV will be beaming into British homes via the Astra satellite.

- ...a ship which is due to begin beaming radio broadcasts to China.

V-ERG

4. beam beams
A beam of light is a line of light that shines from an object such as a lamp.
N-COUNT: usu N of n, n N

5. beam beams beaming beamed
If something such as the sun or a lamp beams down, it sends light to a place and shines on it.

- A sharp white spot-light beamed down on a small stage.

- All you see of the outside world is the sunlight beaming through the cracks in the roof.

VB

6. beam beams
A beam is a long thick bar of wood, metal, or concrete, especially one used to support the roof of a building.

- The ceilings are supported by oak beams.

N-COUNT
= plank girder

7. beam
In gymnastics, the beam is a piece of equipment that consists of a narrow wooden bar on which gymnasts balance and perform movements.
N-SING: usu the N

beam

noun Slang

1.

smile

grin

2.

ray

gleam

glimmer

glint

glow

shaft

streak

stream

3.

rafter

girder

joist

plank

spar

support

timber

verb

4.

smile

grin

5.

radiate

glare

gleam

glitter

glow

shine

6.

send out

broadcast

emit

transmit

bean

[D.J.:bi:n]

[K.K.:bin]

n.

豆, 豆科植物

bean ***

1. bean beans
Beans such as green beans , french beans , or broad beans are the seeds of a climbing plant or the long thin cases which contain those seeds.
N-COUNT: usu pl, usu adj N

2. bean beans
Beans such as soya beans and kidney beans are the dried seeds of a bean plant.
N-COUNT: usu pl, usu n N

3. bean beans
Beans such as coffee beans or cocoa beans are the seeds of plants that are used to produce coffee, cocoa, and chocolate.
N-COUNT: usu pl, usu n N

4. bean beans
Beans are baked beans .

- ...sausage and beans.

N-COUNT

5. bean
If someone has not got a bean , they have no money at all. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- It's quite incredible to think that he now hasn't got a bean.

- It doesn't cost a bean.

N-SING
= penny

6. bean
If someone is full of beans , they are very lively and have a lot of energy and enthusiasm.

- Jem was full of beans after a long sleep.

PHR: v-link PHR

7. bean
If you spill the beans , you tell someone something that people have been trying to keep secret.
PHR: V inflects

bean bag

bean bag bean bags
A bean bag is a large round cushion filled with tiny pieces of plastic or rubber. It takes the shape of your body when you sit on it.
N-COUNT also beanbag .

bean counter

bean counter bean counters
You can describe people such as accountants and business managers as bean counters if you disapprove of them because you think they are only interested in money.

- He believes the reason for their failure is that `we have bean-counters running our companies.'

N-COUNT also bean-counter . disapproval

bean curd

bean curd
Bean curd is a soft white or brown food made from soya beans.

N-UNCOUNT
= tofu

beanfeast

[ˈbi:nfi:st]

n.

雇主款待佣人的宴席,狂欢

beanfeast

beanfeast beanfeasts
A beanfeast is a party or other social event. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

beanpole

[D.J.:ˈbi:nˌpəʊl]

[K.K.:ˈbinˌpol]

n.

(插在地上供豆茎攀缘的)支竿,瘦长的人

beanpole

beanpole beanpoles
If you call someone a beanpole , you are criticizing them because you think that they are extremely tall and thin. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

bean sprout

bean sprout bean sprouts
Bean sprouts are small, long, thin shoots grown from beans. They are frequently used in Chinese cookery.
N-COUNT also beansprout .

bear

[D.J.:bɛə]

[K.K.:bɛr]

vt.

具有, 怀有(感情)

vt. & vi.

承担, 负担

忍受, 容忍

生(孩子); 结(果实)

n.

熊

bearing

[D.J.:ˈbɛəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbɛrɪŋ]

n.

举止, 风度

方向

轴承

bears

卖空者;空头帮

bore

[D.J.:bɔ:]

[K.K.:bɔr, bor]

vt.

令人厌烦

vt. & vi.

挖, 掘, 钻, 开凿(洞、井、隧道等)

n.

令人讨厌的人或事物, 麻烦

bored

[D.J.:bɔ:d]

adj.

无聊的, 无趣的, 烦人的

boring

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:riŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbɔrɪŋ, ˈbor-]

adj.

无趣的, 单调的, 乏味的

borne

[D.J.:bɔ:n, bəʊrn]

[K.K.:bɔrn, born]

bear的过去分词

adj.

(用于复合词)由…携带的;由…运载的

-bearing

-bearing
-bearing combines with nouns to form adjectives which describe things that hold the specified substance inside them.

- ...oil-bearing rocks.

- ...snow-bearing clouds.

- ...malaria-bearing mosquitos.

COMB in ADJ
= -carrying

bear 1 verb uses ****

1. bear bears bearing bore borne
If you bear something somewhere, you carry it there or take it there. (LITERARY)

- They bore the oblong hardwood box into the kitchen and put it on the table.

VB
= carry

2. -bearing

- ...food-bearing lorries.

COMB in ADJ

3. bear bears bearing bore borne
If you bear something such as a weapon, you hold it or carry it with you. (FORMAL)

- ...the constitutional right to bear arms.

VB

4. -bearing

- ...rifle-bearing soldiers.

- ...hundreds of flag-bearing marchers.

COMB in ADJ

5. bear bears bearing bore borne
If something bears the weight of something else, it supports the weight of that thing.

- The ice was not thick enough to bear the weight of marching men.

VB
= support

6. -bearing

- ...the load-bearing joints of the body.

COMB in ADJ

7. bear bears bearing bore borne
If something bears a particular mark or characteristic, it has that mark or characteristic.

- The houses bear the marks of bullet holes and the streets are practically deserted.

- ...note paper bearing the Presidential seal.

- ...a corporation he owned that bore his name...

- The room bore all the signs of a violent struggle.

VB

8. bear bears bearing bore borne
If you bear an unpleasant experience, you accept it because you are unable to do anything about it.

- They will have to bear the misery of living in constant fear of war.

- He bore his sufferings manfully.

VB
= endure

9. bear bears bearing bore borne
If you can't bear someone or something, you dislike them very much.

- I can't bear people who make judgements and label me.

- I can't bear having to think what I'm going to say.

- He can't bear to talk about it, even to me.

VB: with neg

10. bear bears bearing bore borne
If someone bears the cost of something, they pay for it.

- Patients should not have to bear the costs of their own treatment.

VB

11. bear bears bearing bore borne
If you bear the responsibility for something, you accept responsibility for it.

- If a woman makes a decision to have a child alone, she should bear that responsibility alone.

VB
= accept

12. bear bears bearing bore borne
If one thing bears no resemblance or no relationship to another thing, they are not at all similar.

- Their daily menus bore no resemblance whatsoever to what they were actually fed.

- For many software packages, the price bears little relation to cost.

VB: usu with brd-neg
= have

13. bear bears bearing bore borne
When a plant or tree bears flowers, fruit, or leaves, it produces them.

- As the plants grow and start to bear fruit they will need a lot of water.

VB
= produce

14. -bearing

- ...a strong, fruit-bearing apple tree.

COMB in ADJ

15. bear bears bearing bore borne
If something such as a bank account or an investment bears interest, interest is paid on it.

- The eight-year bond will bear annual interest of 10.5%.

VB

16. -bearing

- ...interest-bearing current accounts.

COMB in ADJ

17. bear bears bearing bore borne
When a woman bears a child, she gives birth to him or her. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Emma bore a son called Karl.

- She bore him a daughter, Suzanna.

VB

18. bear bears bearing bore borne
If you bear someone a feeling such as love or hate, you feel that emotion towards them. (LITERARY)

- She bore no ill will. If people didn't like her, too bad.

- I have lived with him on the best terms and bear him friendship.

VB

19. bear bears bearing bore borne
If you bear yourself in a particular way, you move or behave in that way. (LITERARY)

- There was elegance and simple dignity in the way he bore himself.

VB
= carry

20. bear bears bearing bore borne
If you bear left or bear right when you are driving or walking along, you turn and continue in that direction.

- Go left onto the A107 and bear left into Seven Sisters Road.

VB
= veer

21. bear
If you bring something to bear on a situation, you use it to deal with that situation.

- British scientists have brought computer science to bear on this problem.

PHR: V inflects

22. bear
If you bring pressure or influence to bear on someone, you use it to try and persuade them to do something.

- His companions brought pressure to bear on him, urging him to stop wasting money.

PHR: V inflects

bear 2 noun uses *

1. bear bears
A bear is a large, strong wild animal with thick fur and sharp claws.
N-COUNT

2. bear bears
On the stock market, bears are people who sell shares in expectation of a drop in price, in order to make a profit by buying them back again after a short time. Compare bull .
N-COUNT: usu pl

bearing ***

1. bearing
If something has a bearing on a situation or event, it is relevant to it.

- Experts generally agree that diet has an important bearing on your general health.

- My father's achievements really don't have any bearing on what I do.

PHR: V inflects
= influence

2. bearing
Someone's bearing is the way in which they move or stand. (LITERARY)

- She later wrote warmly of his bearing and behaviour.

N-SING: usu poss N
= manner

3. bearing bearings
If you take a bearing with a compass, you use it to work out the direction in which a particular place lies or in which something is moving.
N-COUNT
= reading

4. bearing
If you get your bearings or find your bearings , you find out where you are or what you should do next. If you lose your bearings , you do not know where you are or what you should do next.

- A sightseeing tour of the city is included to help you get your bearings.

- How badly the administration had lost its bearings was underlined by what happened yesterday.

PHR: V inflects

5. bearing bearings
Bearings are small metal balls that are placed between moving parts of a machine in order to make them move smoothly and easily over each other.

- An oil seal was replaced, along with both front wheel bearings.

N-COUNT: usu pl
See also ball bearing .

bore ***

1. bore bores boring bored
If someone or something bores you, you find them dull and uninteresting.

- Dickie bored him all through the meal with stories of the Navy.

- Life in the country bores me.

VB

2. bore
If someone or something bores you to tears , bores you to death , or bores you stiff , they bore you very much indeed. (INFORMAL)

- ...a handsome engineer who bored me to tears with his tales of motorway maintenance...

- I dropped out of high school. It bored me to death.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

3. bore bores
You describe someone as a bore when you think that they talk in a very uninteresting way.

- There is every reason why I shouldn't enjoy his company -- he's a bore and a fool.

N-COUNT
= drag

4. bore
You can describe a situation as a bore when you find it annoying.

- It's a bore to be sick, and the novelty of lying in bed all day wears off quickly.

N-SING: a N
= drag

5. bore bores boring bored
If you bore a hole in something, you make a deep round hole in it using a special tool.

- Get the special drill bit to bore the correct-size hole for the job.

VB

6. bore bores boring bored
If someone's eyes bore into you, they stare intensely at you. (WRITTEN)

- His eyes bored into her, paralysing her, robbing her of movement.

- Her eyes seemed to bore a hole in mine.

VB

7. bore bores
A bore is a very large wave that moves quickly up certain rivers from the sea at particular times of the year as a result of unusual tides.
N-COUNT: usu supp N

8. bore
Bore is the past tense of bear .

bored **

bored
If you are bored , you feel tired and impatient because you have lost interest in something or because you have nothing to do.

- I am getting very bored with this entire business.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n/-ing

boring **

1. boring
Someone or something boring is so dull and uninteresting that they make people tired and impatient.

- Not only are mothers not paid but also most of their boring or difficult work is unnoticed.

- ...boring television programmes.

ADJ-GRADED
= dull tedious ≠ interesting

2. boringly

- The meal itself was not so good -- everything was boringly brown including the vegetables.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

borne

borne
Borne is the past participle of bear .

bear

verb

1.

support

have

hold

maintain

possess

shoulder

sustain

uphold

2.

carry

bring

convey

hump Brit. slang

move

take

transport

3.

produce

beget

breed

bring forth

engender

generate

give birth to

yield

4.

tolerate

abide

allow

brook

endure

permit

put up with informal

stomach

suffer

bearing

noun

usually with on {or} upon 1.

relevance

application

connection

import

pertinence

reference

relation

significance

2.

manner

air

aspect

attitude

behaviour

demeanour

deportment

posture

bearings

plural noun

position

aim

course

direction

location

orientation

situation

track

way

whereabouts

bore

verb

drill

burrow

gouge out

mine

penetrate

perforate

pierce

sink

tunnel

bore

verb

1.

tire

be tedious

fatigue

jade

pall on

send to sleep

wear out

weary

noun

2.

nuisance

anorak informal

pain informal

yawn informal

bored

adjective

fed up

listless

tired

uninterested

wearied

boring

adjective

uninteresting

dull

flat

humdrum

mind-numbing

monotonous

tedious

tiresome

bear down ****

1. bear down bears down; bearing down; bore down; borne down
If someone or something bears down on you, they move quickly towards you in a threatening way.

- A group of half a dozen men entered the pub and bore down on the bar.

- The girl flashed a dazzling smile at the television crew and cameras bearing down on her.

PHR-V
= advance

2. bear down bears down; bearing down; bore down; borne down
To bear down on something means to push or press downwards with steady pressure.

- The roof support structure had collapsed and the entire weight was bearing down on the ceiling.

PHR-V

bear out ****

bear out bears out; bearing out; bore out; borne out
If someone or something bears a person out or bears out what that person is saying, they support what that person is saying.

- Recent studies have borne out claims that certain perfumes can bring about profound psychological changes.

PHR-V
= confirm ≠ refute

bear out

verb

support

confirm

corroborate

endorse

justify

prove

substantiate

uphold

vindicate

bear up ****

bear up bears up; bearing up; bore up; borne up
If you bear up when experiencing problems, you remain cheerful and show courage in spite of them.

- How's Mary bearing up?.

- She was frightened that she would be unable to bear up under the pain of childbirth.

PHR-V
= cope hold up

bear with ****

bear with bears with; bearing with; bore with; borne with
If you ask someone to bear with you, you are asking them to be patient.

- If you'll bear with me, Frank, just let me try to explain.

PHR-V

bearable

[D.J.:ˈbeərəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈbɛrəbəl]

adj.

可忍受的,可容忍的

bearability

n.

bearableness

n.

bearably

adv.

bearably

adv.

忍得住地

bearable

bearable
If something is bearable , you feel that you can accept it or deal with it.

- A cool breeze made the heat pleasantly bearable.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= tolerable

bearable

adjective

tolerable

admissible

endurable

manageable

passable

sufferable

supportable

sustainable

beard

[D.J.:biəd]

[K.K.:bɪrd]

n.

胡须

vt.

公然反对; 勇敢地对抗

beard **

beard beards
A man's beard is the hair that grows on his chin and cheeks.

- He's decided to grow a beard.

- ...Charlie's bushy black beard.

N-COUNT

bearded

[D.J.:ˈbɪədɪd]

adj.

(男子)有胡须的,蓄须的

(植物)有芒的

(鱼钩等)有倒刺的;(编结针等)有钩的

bearded *

bearded
A bearded man has a beard.

- ...a bearded 40-year-old sociology professor.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

bearer

[D.J.:ˈbeərə]

[K.K.:ˈbɛrɚ]

n.

送信人, 捎信人

(票据、支票等的)持有人

挑夫,搬运工

<罕>抬棺者,柩夫

结果实(或开花)的植物

支撑物

(公职的)担任者

adj.

(证券等)不记名的,持有人有权自由转让的

bearer *

1. bearer bearers
The bearer of something such as a message is the person who brings it to you.

- I hate to be the bearer of bad news.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

2. bearer bearers
A bearer of a particular thing is a person who carries it, especially in a ceremony. (FORMAL)

- ...Britain's flag bearer at the Olympic Games opening ceremony...

- The Speaker is preceded by the mace-bearer upon his entry to the chamber.

N-COUNT: usu n N

3. bearer bearers
The bearer of something such as a document, a right, or an official position is the person who possesses it or holds it. (FORMAL)

- ...the traditional bourgeois notion of the citizen as a bearer of rights...

- Later he called a meeting of his party's central office bearers.

- Spanish identity documents state the bearer's profession.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, n N
= holder

4. bearer bearers
The bearer of a tradition, idea, or characteristic is someone or something that is particularly associated with it and passes it on to other people or situations. (FORMAL)

- Generally, the lower classes are considered to be the bearers of tradition.

N-COUNT: N of n
= upholder

5. bearer bearers
In former times, especially in India, a bearer was a native servant of a European. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

bearer

noun

carrier

agent

conveyor

messenger

porter

runner

servant

bear hug

bear hug bear hugs
A bear hug is a rather rough, tight, affectionate hug.
N-COUNT

bearish

[D.J.:ˈbeərɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbɛrɪʃ]

adj.

(尤指脾气)像熊一样的,粗暴的

<股>行情下跌的,引起跌风的

bearish

bearish
On the stock market, if there is a bearish mood, prices are expected to fall. Compare bullish .

- Dealers said investors remain bearish.

- Many traders forecast a continuation of the market's recent bearish trend.

ADJ-GRADED

bear market

bear market bear markets
A bear market is a situation on the stock market when people are selling a lot of shares because they expect that the shares will decrease in value and that they will be able to make a profit by buying them again after a short time. Compare bull market .
N-COUNT
≠ bull market

bearskin

[D.J.:ˈbɛəskin]

[K.K.:ˈbɛrˌskɪn]

n.

熊毛皮

(披肩、膝毯等)熊毛皮制品

熊皮高帽

bearskin

1. bearskin bearskins
A bearskin is a tall fur hat that is worn by some British soldiers on ceremonial occasions.
N-COUNT

2. bearskin bearskins
A bearskin is the skin and fur of a bear.
N-COUNT

beast

[D.J.:bi:st]

[K.K.:bist]

n.

兽

讨厌的人, 粗野凶残的人

beast **

1. beast beasts
You can refer to an animal as a beast , especially if it is a large, dangerous, or unusual one. (LITERARY)

- ...the threats our ancestors faced from wild beasts.

- ...a centaur: half man, half beast.

N-COUNT

2. beast beasts
If you refer to a man as a beast , you mean that his behaviour, especially his sexual behaviour, is very violent and uncontrolled. (JOURNALISM)

- ...a sex beast who subjected two sisters to a terrifying ordeal.

N-COUNT: usu with supp disapproval

3. beast
If you call someone a beast , you think that they are behaving in a selfish, unkind, or unpleasant way. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- Bully! Hooligan! Beast! Let me go, let go!

N-COUNT; N-VOC disapproval

4. beast beasts
You can use beast to refer to something or someone in a light-hearted way, and to mention that they have a particular quality.

- ...that rare beast, a sports movie that isn't boring.

N-COUNT: usu adj N
= animal

beast

noun

1.

animal

brute

creature

2.

brute

barbarian

fiend

monster

ogre

sadist

savage

swine

beastly

[D.J.:ˈbi:stli:]

[K.K.:ˈbistli]

adj.

野兽般的;凶残的

<口>使人不愉快的;恶劣的

adv.

非常,极

beastly

1. beastly
If you describe something as beastly , you mean that it is very unpleasant. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- The weather was beastly.

ADJ-GRADED
= horrible horrid

2. beastly
If you describe someone as beastly , you mean that they are behaving unkindly. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- He must be wondering why everyone is being so beastly to him.

ADJ-GRADED
= horrible horrid

beastly

adjective

unpleasant

awful

disagreeable

horrid

mean

nasty

rotten

beast of burden

beast of burden beasts of burden
A beast of burden is an animal such as an ox or a donkey that is used for carrying or pulling things.
N-COUNT

beat

[D.J.:bi:t]

[K.K.:bit]

vi.

(心脏等)跳动

vt. & vi.

接连地击打

vt.

打败

n.

敲打, 敲打声

节拍, 拍子

beaten

[D.J.:ˈbi:tn]

[K.K.:ˈbitn..]

adj.

打成的

锤平的;锤成的

打败的, 击跨的

(路)踩出来的;常有人行走的

搅成糊状的

筋疲力尽的

off the beaten track

偏僻；人跡罕至

beating

[D.J.:ˈbi:tɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbitɪŋ]

n.

狠打;揍;笞打

<非正>惨败;严重受挫

有规律的敲打(声);有节奏的运动(声)

take a beating

被损坏；受伤

损失好多钱；损失严重

take some beating

难做；难以超越

beat *****

1. beat beats beating beaten
If you beat someone or something, you hit them very hard.

- My wife tried to stop them and they beat her.

- They were beaten to death with baseball bats.

VB The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

2. beat beats beating beaten
To beat on, at, or against something means to hit it hard, usually several times or continuously for a period of time.

- There was dead silence but for a fly beating against the glass.

- Nina managed to free herself and began beating at the flames with a pillow.

- The rain was beating on the windowpanes.

VB The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense
= pound

3. beat
Also a noun.

- ...the rhythmic beat of the surf.

N-SING: usu the N of n The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

4. beating

- ...the silence broken only by the beating of the rain.

N-SING: usu the N of n

5. beat beats beating beaten
When your heart or pulse beats , it continually makes regular rhythmic movements.

- I felt my heart beating faster.

VB The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

6. beat beats
Also a noun.

- He could hear the beat of his heart.

- Most people's pulse rate is more than 70 beats per minute.

N-COUNT: usu with supp The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

7. beating

- I could hear the beating of my heart.

N-SING: usu the N of n

8. beat beats beating beaten
If you beat a drum or similar instrument, you hit it in order to make a sound.

- When you beat the drum, you feel good.

- ...drums beating and pipes playing.

V-ERG The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

9. beat
Also a noun.

- ...the rhythmical beat of the drum.

N-SING: usu the N of n The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

10. beat beats
The beat of a piece of music is the main rhythm that it has.

- ...the thumping beat of rock music.

- ...the dance beats of the last two decades.

N-COUNT: usu sing, the N The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

11. beat beats
In music, a beat is a unit of measurement. The number of beats in a bar of a piece of music is indicated by two numbers at the beginning of the piece.

- It's got four beats to a bar.

N-COUNT: usu pl The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense
See also upbeat , downbeat .

12. beat beats beating beaten
If you beat eggs, cream, or butter, you mix them thoroughly using a fork or beater.

- Beat the eggs and sugar until they start to thicken.

VB The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

13. beat beats beating beaten
When a bird or insect beats its wings or when its wings beat , its wings move up and down.

- Beating their wings they flew off.

- Its wings beat slowly.

V-ERG The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

14. beat beats beating beaten
If you beat someone in a competition or election, you defeat them.

- In yesterday's games, Switzerland beat the United States two-one.

- There are men who simply don't like being beaten by a woman.

- She was easily beaten into third place.

VB The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

15. beat beats beating beaten
If someone beats a record or achievement, they do better than it.

- He was as eager as his Captain to beat the record.

VB The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

16. beat beats beating beaten
If you beat something that you are fighting against, for example an organization, a problem, or a disease, you defeat it.

- It became clear that the Union was not going to beat the government.

- They recognise that tough action offers the only hope of beating inflation.

- Kate Jackson is expecting her first child at 43 -- two years after beating breast cancer.

VB The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense
= conquer

17. beat beats beating beaten
If an attack is beaten off or is beaten back, it is stopped, often temporarily.

- The rescuers were beaten back by strong winds and currents.

- South Africa's ruling National Party has beaten off a right-wing challenge.

VB: usu passive The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

18. beat beats beaten
If you say that one thing beats another, you mean that it is better than it. (INFORMAL)

- Being boss of a software firm beats selling insurance.

- Nothing quite beats the luxury of soaking in a long, hot bath at the end of a tiring day.

- For an evening stroll the beach at Dieppe is hard to beat.

VB: no cont The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

19. beat beats beaten
If you say you can't beat a particular thing you mean that it is the best thing of its kind.

- You can't beat soap and water for cleansing.

VB: no cont The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

20. beat beats beating beaten
To beat a time limit or an event means to achieve something before that time or event.

- They were trying to beat the midnight deadline.

- Those who shop on Sunday to beat the rush are wasting their time.

VB The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

21. beat beats
A police officer's or journalist's beat is the area for which he or she is responsible.

- The team police get to know the people in their patrol areas better than cops who must cover a larger beat.

N-COUNT The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

22. beat
You use beat in expressions such as `It beats me' or `What beats me is' to indicate that you cannot understand or explain something. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- `What am I doing wrong, anyway?' --- `Beats me, Lewis.'.

- How you can be so insensitive absolutely beats me.

PHR The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

23. beat
If you tell someone to beat it , you are telling them to go away. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- Beat it before it's too late.

PHR The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense
= get lost

24. beat
You can say Can you beat it? or Can you beat that? to show that you are surprised and perhaps annoyed about something. (INFORMAL)

- Can you beat it; there was Graham Greene in Freetown and there was I on the other side of Africa.

CONVENTION The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense feelings

25. beat
If you intend to do something but someone beats you to it , they do it before you do.

- Don't be too long about it or you'll find someone has beaten you to it.

PHR: V inflects The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

26. beat
If you can't beat them, join them means that, if someone is too strong for you to defeat, it is better to be on the same side as them. (INFORMAL)
PHR The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

27. beat
If you say or do something without missing a beat , you continue to speak or do it, even though people might have expected you to hesitate or stop.

- `Are you jealous?' --- `Only when I'm not in control,' he says, not missing a beat.

PHR The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

28. beat
If you say that someone never misses a beat , you mean that they always know what is going on and how they can take advantage of it.

- Skye has scarcely missed a beat as one of the Gold Coast's spectacular models since her marriage.

PHR The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

29. beat
A police officer on the beat is on duty, walking around the area for which he or she is responsible.

- The officer on the beat picks up information; hears cries for help; makes people feel safe.

PHR: usu n PHR, v-link PHR The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

30. beat
If you beat time to a piece of music, you move your hand or foot up and down in time with the music. A conductor beats time to show the choir or orchestra how fast they should sing or play the music.

- He beats time with hands and feet.

PHR: V inflects The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense
= keep time

beaten ***

1. beaten
Beaten earth has been pressed down, often by people's feet, until it is hard.

- Before you is a well-worn path of beaten earth.

ADJ: ADJ n
= trampled

2. beaten
A place that is off the beaten track is in an area where not many people live or go.

- Tiny secluded beaches can be found off the beaten track.

PHR

beating ***

1. beating beatings
If someone is given a beating , they are hit hard many times, especially with something such as a stick.

- ...the savage beating of a black motorist by white police officers...

- The team secured pictures of prisoners showing signs of severe beatings.

N-COUNT

2. beating
If something such as a business, a political party, or a team takes a beating , it is defeated by a large amount in a competition or election.

- Our firm has taken a terrible beating in recent years.

N-SING: a N

3. beating
If you say that something will take some beating , you mean that it is very good and it is unlikely that anything better will be done or made. (INFORMAL)

- For sheer scale and grandeur, Leeds Castle in Kent takes some beating.

PHR: V inflects

beat

verb

1.

hit

bang

batter

buffet

knock

pound

strike

thrash

2.

flap

flutter

3.

throb

palpitate

pound

pulsate

quake

thump

vibrate

4.

defeat

conquer

outdo

overcome

overwhelm

surpass

vanquish

noun

5.

throb

palpitation

pulsation

pulse

6.

route

circuit

course

path

rounds

way

7.

rhythm

accent

cadence

metre

stress

time

beaten

adjective

1.

stirred

blended

foamy

frothy

mixed

whipped

whisked

2.

defeated

cowed

overcome

overwhelmed

thwarted

vanquished

beat down *****

1. beat down beats down; beating down; beaten down
When the sun beats down , it is very hot and bright.
PHR-V The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

2. beat down beats down; beating down; beaten down
When the rain beats down , it rains very hard.

- Even in the winter with the rain beating down, it's nice and cosy in there.

PHR-V The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

3. beat down beats down; beating down; beaten down
If you beat down a person who is selling you something, you force them to accept a lower price for it than they wanted to get.

- A fair employer, when arranging for the pay of a carpenter, does not try to beat him down.

- Beat down the seller to the price that suits you.

PHR-V The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense
= barter down

beat out *****

1. beat out beats out; beating out; beaten out
If you beat out sounds on a drum or similar instrument, you make the sounds by hitting the instrument.

- Drums and cymbals beat out a solemn rhythm.

PHR-V The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense
= tap out

2. beat out beats out; beating out; beaten out
If you beat out a fire, you cause it to go out by hitting it, usually with an object such as a blanket.

- His brother beat out the flames with a blanket.

- She managed to beat the fire out.

PHR-V The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

3. beat out beats out; beating out; beaten out
If you beat out someone in a competition, you defeat them. (mainly AM)

- Indianapolis has beat out nearly 100 other cities as the site for a huge United Airlines maintenance center.

- If we are certain a rival will beat us out, we are wide open to jealousy.

PHR-V The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

4. beat out beats out; beating out; beaten out
If someone beats another person out of something, they get that thing by deceiving the other person or behaving dishonestly.

- If he could beat his uncle out of a dollar he'd do it.

PHR-V The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

beating-up

[ˈbi:tiŋˈʌp]

n.

毒打

beat up *****

1. beat up beats up; beating up; beaten up
If someone beats a person up , they hit or kick the person many times.

- Then they actually beat her up as well.

- The government supporters are beating up anyone they suspect of favouring the demonstrators.

PHR-V The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

2. beat up beats up; beating up; beaten up
If you beat yourself up about something, you worry about it a lot or blame yourself for it. (INFORMAL)

- Tell them you don't want to do it any more. Don't beat yourself up about it.

- I don't beat myself up. I don't deal with things I can't handle.

PHR-V The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

3. beating-up beatings-up

- There had been no violence, no beatings-up until then.

N-COUNT

beat up on *****

1. beat up beats up; beating up; beaten up
If someone beats up on a person or beats on them, they hit or kick the person many times. (AM)

- He beat up on my brother's kid one time.

PHR-V The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

2. beat up beats up; beating up; beaten up
If someone beats up on another person, they threaten them or treat them unkindly. (AM, INFORMAL)

- She had to beat up on every customer just to get the bills paid.

PHR-V The form beat is used in the present tense and is the past tense

beat up

verb Informal

assault

attack

batter

beat the living daylights out of informal

knock about or around

thrash

beatable

beatable
Someone who is beatable can be beaten.

- They have a lot of talent, are very aggressive and play tough defence. But they are beatable.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

beaten-up

adj.

破旧的

beaten-up *

beaten-up
A beaten-up car or other object is old and in bad condition.

- Her sandals were old and somewhat beaten-up, but very comfortable.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= battered

beater

[D.J.:ˈbi:tə]

[K.K.:ˈbitɚ]

n.

敲打者

拍打器;打蛋器;搅拌器;打东西的器具

助猎者

(狩猎中)使猎物从掩蔽处惊起的人

beater *

1. beater beaters
A beater is a tool or part of a machine which is used for beating things like eggs and cream.

- Whisk the batter with a wire whisk or hand beater until it is smooth and light.

N-COUNT: oft n N
= whisk

2. beater beaters
A beater is a person who helps hunters by forcing animals and birds to move on to open ground so that they can be shot.
N-COUNT

beatific

[D.J.:ˌbi:əˈtɪfɪk]

[K.K.:ˌbiəˈtɪfɪk]

adj.

<文>快乐而安详的;有福的

极乐的；天使般的

beatific

beatific
A beatific expression shows or expresses great happiness and calmness. (LITERARY)

- He smiled an almost beatific smile.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= blissful

beatification

[bi:ˌætifiˈkeiʃən]

n.

受福,授福,列福式

beatify

[D.J.:bi:ˈætifai]

[K.K.:biˈætəˌfaɪ]

vt.

宣布…已升入“真福品位”

赐福

beatify

1. beatify beatifies beatifying beatified
When the Catholic church beatifies someone who is dead, it declares officially that they were a holy person, usually as the first step towards making them a saint.

- In May, Pope John Paul is to beatify Gianna Beretta.

VB
= sanctify

2. beatification

- Thousands attended the beatification of Juan Diego.

N-UNCOUNT

beatnik

[D.J.:ˈbi:tnik]

[K.K.:ˈbitnɪk]

n.

反传统一代成员, (俗称)披头族的人

beatnik

beatnik beatniks
Beatniks were young people in the late 1950's who rejected traditional ways of living, dressing, and behaving. People sometimes use the word beatnik to refer to anyone who lives in an unconventional way.

- Rose's mother was a beatnik art student who bought Beatles records and took her children to Bob Marley concerts.

N-COUNT

beat-up

[D.J.:ˈbi:tˈʌp]

[K.K.:ˈbitˈʌp]

adj.

破旧的

beat-up *

beat-up
A beat-up car or other object is old and in bad condition. (INFORMAL)

- ...a beat-up old Fiat 131.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= battered

beau

[D.J.:bəu]

[K.K.:bo]

n.

喜修饰者,纨绔子弟,情郎,求爱者

beaux

[D.J.:bəuz]

[K.K.:boz]

n.

喜修饰者,纨绔子弟,情郎,求爱者

beau

beau beaux or beaus
A woman's beau is her boyfriend or lover. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- She appeared with her new beau.

N-COUNT: oft poss N
= suitor

beau

noun

1.

boyfriend

admirer

fianc´e

lover

suitor

sweetheart

2.

dandy

coxcomb

fop

gallant

ladies' man

beaut

[D.J.:bju:t]

[K.K.:bjut]

n.

漂亮的东西或人

beaut

beaut beauts
You describe someone or something as a beaut when you think they are very good. (mainly AM or AUSTRALIAN, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

beauteous

[D.J.:ˈbju:tiəs]

[K.K.:ˈbjutiəs]

adj.

美丽的

beauteous

beauteous
Beauteous means the same as beautiful. (LITERARY)

- ...the beauteous Miss Flora Montgomery.

ADJ-GRADED

beautician

[D.J.:bju:ˈtɪʃən]

[K.K.:bjuˈtɪʃən]

n.

美容师

beautician

beautician beauticians
A beautician is a person whose job is giving people beauty treatments such as doing their nails, treating their skin, and putting on their make-up.
N-COUNT

beautiful

[D.J.:ˈbju:təful]

[K.K.:ˈbjutəfəl]

adj.

美丽的, 悦目的

极好的, 很好的

beautifully

[D.J.:ˈbju:təfəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbjutəfəlɪ]

adv.

美丽地；漂亮地

<口>出色地,完美地

beautiful ****

1. beautiful
A beautiful person is very attractive to look at.

- She was a very beautiful woman.

- To me he is the most beautiful child in the world.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ ugly

2. beautiful
If you describe something as beautiful , you mean that it is very attractive or pleasing.

- New England is beautiful.

- It was a beautiful morning.

- He has beautiful manners.

ADJ-GRADED
= delightful

3. beautifully

- The children behaved beautifully.

- ...a beautifully clear, sunny day.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v

4. beautiful
You can describe something that someone does as beautiful when they do it very skilfully.

- That's a beautiful shot!

ADJ-GRADED

5. beautifully

- Arsenal played beautifully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

beautiful

adjective Chiefly U.S.

attractive

charming

delightful

exquisite

fair

fine

gorgeous

handsome

lovely

pleasing

beautification

n.

美化

beautify

[D.J.:ˈbju:təˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbjutəˌfaɪ]

vt.

美化,装饰

vi.

变美

beautification

n.

beautify

beautify beautifies beautifying beautified
If you beautify something, you make it look more beautiful. (FORMAL)

- Claire worked to beautify the garden.

VB
= smarten

beautify

verb

make beautiful

adorn

decorate

embellish

festoon

garnish

glamorize

ornament

beauty

[D.J.:ˈbju:ti]

[K.K.:ˈbjuti]

n.

美, 漂亮

美人, 美的东西

beauty ***

1. beauty
Beauty is the state or quality of being beautiful.

- ...an area of outstanding natural beauty...

- Everyone admired her elegance and her beauty.

N-UNCOUNT

2. beauty beauties
A beauty is a beautiful woman. (JOURNALISM)

- She is known as a great beauty.

N-COUNT
= belle

3. beauty beauties
You can say that something is a beauty when you think it is very good. (INFORMAL)

- It was the one opportunity in the game -- the pass was a real beauty, but the shot was poor.

N-COUNT
= peach

4. beauty beauties
The beauties of something are its attractive qualities or features. (LITERARY)

- He was beginning to enjoy the beauties of nature.

N-COUNT: usu pl, with supp
= glories

5. beauty
Beauty is used to describe people, products, and activities that are concerned with making women look beautiful.

- Additional beauty treatments can be booked in advance.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. beauty beauties
If you say that a particular feature is the beauty of something, you mean that this feature is what makes the thing so good.

- There would be no effect on animals -- that's the beauty of such water-based materials.

N-COUNT: usu the N of n
= boon

beauty

noun

1.

attractiveness

charm

comeliness

elegance

exquisiteness

glamour

grace

handsomeness

loveliness

2.

belle

good-looker

lovely slang

stunner informal

beauty contest

beauty contest beauty contests
A beauty contest is a competition in which young women are judged to decide which one is the most beautiful.
N-COUNT

beauty pageant

beauty pageant beauty pageants
A beauty pageant is the same as a beauty contest . (AM)

N-COUNT

beauty parlour

beauty parlour beauty parlours
A beauty parlour is a place where women can go to have beauty treatments, for example to have their hair, nails or make-up done.
N-COUNT (AM) beauty parlor
= salon

beauty queen

beauty queen beauty queens
A beauty queen is a woman who has won a beauty contest.
N-COUNT

beauty salon

beauty salon beauty salons
A beauty salon is the same as a beauty parlour .
N-COUNT

beauty shop

beauty shop beauty shops
A beauty shop is the same as a beauty parlour . (AM)
N-COUNT

beauty spot

1. beauty spot beauty spots
A beauty spot is a place in the country that is popular because of its beautiful scenery.

- The Valley of Vinales is a lush and fertile valley and one of Cuba's finest beauty spots.

N-COUNT

2. beauty spot beauty spots
A beauty spot is a small, dark spot on the skin which is supposed to add to a woman's beauty.
N-COUNT

beaver

[D.J.:ˈbi:və]

[K.K.:ˈbivɚ]

n.

海狸

海狸皮毛

水獭呢,海狸绒

棕灰色,海狸色

拼命工作的人

(大写)美国俄勒冈州人

<俚>蓄大胡子的人

<美><俚>黄色电影

vi.

(海狸似地)拼命工作

beaver away

忙于(某事)；勤奋工作

beaver *

1. beaver beavers
A beaver is a furry animal with a big flat tail and large teeth. Beavers use their teeth to cut wood and build dams in rivers.
N-COUNT

2. beaver
Beaver is the fur of a beaver.

- ...a coat with a huge beaver collar.

N-UNCOUNT

beaver away *

beaver away beavers away; beavering away; beavered away
If you are beavering away at something, you are working very hard at it.

- They had a team of architects beavering away at a scheme for the rehabilitation of District 6.

- They are beavering away to get everything ready for us.

PHR-V

bebop

[D.J.:ˈbi:bɔp]

[K.K.:ˈbiˌbɑp]

n.

比博普, 博普

bebop

bebop
Bebop is a form of jazz music with complex harmonies and rhythms. The abbreviation bop is also used.
N-UNCOUNT

becalmed

[biˈkɑ:md]

adj.

(帆船)因无风不能前进的

becalmed

1. becalmed
If a sailing ship is becalmed , it is unable to move because there is no wind.

- We found ourselves becalmed off Dungeness for several hours.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ
= stranded

2. becalmed
If something such as the economy, a company, or a series of talks is becalmed , it is not progressing at all, although it should be. (LITERARY)

- Polish industry generally is becalmed.

- ...the becalmed peace talks.

ADJ
= stagnant

becalmed

adjective

still

motionless

settled

stranded

stuck

became

[D.J.:bɪˈkeɪm]

[K.K.:bɪˈkem]

become

[D.J.:biˈkʌm]

[K.K.:bɪˈkʌm]

link v.

变为, 成为

vt.

适合

becoming

[D.J.:bɪˈkʌmɪŋ]

[K.K.:bɪˈkʌmɪŋ]

adj.

<正>(衣服等)相配的;合身的

合适的;与…相称的

<旧>好看的;有吸引力的

n.

<哲>(变化过程的)形成,发生

becomingly

adv.

合适地,适当地

became

became
Became is the past tense of become .

become *****

1. become becomes becoming became
If someone or something becomes a particular thing, they start to change and develop into that thing, or start to develop the characteristics mentioned.

- I first became interested in Islam while I was doing my nursing training.

- The cocoa industry dwindled because it became increasingly difficult to cover costs.

- During the 1980s the world's financial systems became more open.

- The pilot decided to land, but as we lost altitude the wind became stronger.

- As she reached the age of thirty she became convinced she would remain single all her life.

- After leaving school, he became a professional footballer.

- In 1823 Honduras became a part of the United Provinces of Central America.

V-LINK The form become is used in the present tense and is the past participle
= get

2. become becomes became
If something becomes someone, it makes them look attractive or it seems right for them.

- Does khaki become you?.

- Don't be crude tonight, Bernard, it doesn't become you.

VB: no passive, no cont The form become is used in the present tense and is the past participle
= suit

3. become
If you wonder what has become of someone or something, you wonder where they are and what has happened to them.

- She thought constantly about her family; she might never know what had become of them.

- Where will he go to school now he's been thrown out of Eton? What will become of him?

PHR: V inflects The form become is used in the present tense and is the past participle

becoming

1. becoming
A piece of clothing, a colour, or a hairstyle that is becoming makes the person who is wearing it look attractive. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Softer fabrics are much more becoming than stiffer ones.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= fetching

2. becomingly

- Her dress was of blue silk, quite light, and becomingly open at the neck.

ADV

3. becoming
Behaviour that is becoming is appropriate and proper in the circumstances.

- This behaviour is not any more becoming among our politicians than it is among our voters.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= appropriate

become

verb

1.

come to be

alter to

be transformed into

change into

develop into

grow into

mature into

ripen into

2.

suit

embellish

enhance

fit

flatter

set off

becoming

adjective

1.

appropriate

compatible

fitting

in keeping

proper

seemly

suitable

worthy

2.

flattering

attractive

comely

enhancing

graceful

neat

pretty

tasteful

because

[D.J.:biˈkɔz]

[K.K.:bɪˈkɔz, -ˈkʌz]

conj.

因为

because *****

1. because
You use because when stating the reason for something.

- He is called Mitch, because his name is Mitchell.

- Because it is an area of outstanding natural beauty, the number of boats available for hire on the river is limited.

- Women are doing the job well. This is partly because women are increasingly moving into a man's world.

- `Why didn't you tell me, Archie?' --- `Because you might have casually mentioned it to somebody else.'

CONJ-SUBORD

2. because
You use because when stating the explanation for a statement you have just made.

- Maybe they just didn't want to ask too many questions, because they rented us a room without even asking to see our papers.

- The President has played a shrewd diplomatic game because from the outset he called for direct talks with the United States.

- I had a sense of d´ejà vu because I could recognise everything in London.

CONJ-SUBORD

3. because
If an event or situation occurs because of something, that thing is the reason or cause.

- Many families break up because of a lack of money.

- Because of the law in Ireland, we had to work out a way of getting her over to Britain.

PHR-PREP

4. because
You use just because when you want to say that a particular situation should not necessarily make you come to a particular conclusion. (SPOKEN, INFORMAL)

- Just because it has a good tune does not mean it is great music.

- Just because something has always been done a certain way does not make it right.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

because

conjunction

since

as

by reason of

in that

on account of

owing to

thanks to

beck

[D.J.:bek]

[K.K.:bɛk]

n.

山涧; 溪流

beck

beck
If one person is at another's beck and call , they have to be constantly available and ready to do whatever is asked, and this often seems unfair or undesirable.
PHR: v-link PHR

beckon

[D.J.:ˈbekən]

[K.K.:ˈbɛkən]

vt. & vi.

(用头或手的动作)示意, 召唤

beckoning

adj.

引诱人的,令人心动的

beckon *

1. beckon beckons beckoning beckoned
If you beckon to someone, you signal to them to come to you.

- He beckoned to the waiter.

- I beckoned her over.

- Hughes beckoned him to sit down on a sofa.

VB

2. beckon beckons beckoning beckoned
If something beckons , it is so attractive to someone that they feel they must become involved in it.

- All the attractions of the peninsula beckon.

- The bright lights of Hollywood beckon many.

VB

3. beckon beckons beckoning beckoned
If something beckons for someone, it is very likely to happen to them.

- The big time beckons for Billy Dodds.

- Old age beckons.

VB

beckon

verb

gesture

bid

gesticulate

motion

nod

signal

summon

wave at

bed

[D.J.:bed]

[K.K.:bɛd]

n.

床, 床位

河床, (湖或海)底部

苗圃, 花坛

beds

abbr.

bedrooms 卧室

bed ****

1. bed beds
A bed is a piece of furniture that you lie on when you sleep.

- She went into her bedroom and lay down on the bed.

- We finally went to bed at about 4am.

- By the time we got back from dinner, Nona was already in bed.

- When she had gone Sam and Robina put the children to bed.

N-COUNT: also prep N

2. bed beds
If a place such as a hospital or a hotel has a particular number of beds , it is able to hold that number of patients or guests.
N-COUNT

3. bed beds
A bed in a garden or park is an area of ground that has been specially prepared so that plants can be grown in it.

- The geraniums in the flower bed looked bedraggled from the heavy rain.

- ...beds of strawberries and rhubarb.

N-COUNT: usu n N, N of n

4. bed beds
A bed of shellfish or plants is an area in the sea or in a lake where a particular type of shellfish or plant is found in large quantities.

- Fishermen fear valuable oyster and mussel beds could be decimated.

- The whole lake was rimmed with thick beds of reeds.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

5. bed beds
The sea bed or a river bed is the ground at the bottom of the sea or of a river.

- For three weeks a big operation went on to recover the wreckage from the sea bed.

- ...the bare bed of a dry stream.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

6. bed beds
A bed of rock is a layer of rock that is found within a larger area of rock.

- Between the white limestone and the greyish pink limestone is a thin bed of clay.

- ...a sandstone bed.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= stratum

7. bed beds
If a recipe or a menu says that something is served on a bed of a food such as rice or vegetables, it means it is served on a layer of that food.

- Heat the curry thoroughly and serve it on a bed of rice.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n

8. bed
To get someone into bed means to persuade them to have sex with you.
PHR: V inflects

9. bed
To go to bed with someone means to have sex with them.
PHR-RECIP: V inflects

10. bed
If you say that someone is in bed with someone else, you mean that they are having sex in bed.
PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

11. bed
If you say that someone is good in bed , you mean that they are a skilful lover.
PHR

12. bed
If you say that someone has made their bed and must lie in it , you mean that since they have chosen to do a particular thing, they must now accept the unpleasant results of their action.
PHR

13. bed
When you make the bed , you neatly arrange the sheets and covers of a bed so that it is ready to sleep in.
PHR: V and N inflect

14. bed
If you say that someone got out of bed on the wrong side , you mean that they have been bad-tempered ever since they woke up that morning.
PHR: V inflects

bed

noun

1.

bedstead

berth

bunk

cot

couch

divan

2.

plot

area

border

garden

patch

row

strip

3.

bottom

base

foundation

groundwork

bed down ****

bed down beds down; bedding down; bedded down
If you bed down somewhere, you sleep there for the night, instead of in a bed.

- On those nights when they could find no monastery or inn to take them in, they bedded down in the fields.

PHR-V

BEd

abbr.

Bachelor of Education 教育学士

BEd

abbr.

Bachelor of Education 教育学士

BEd

BEd BEds
A BEd is a degree which usually takes four years to complete and which qualifies someone to teach in a school. BEd is an abbreviation for `Bachelor of Education.' Compare PGCE .
N-COUNT (AM) B.Ed.

bed and breakfast *

1. bed and breakfast
Bed and breakfast is a system of accommodation in a hotel or guest house, in which you pay for a room for the night and for breakfast the following morning. The abbreviation B&B is also used. (mainly BRIT)

- Bed and breakfast costs from £30 per person per night.

- ...a small bed and breakfast hotel near London.

N-UNCOUNT also bed-and-breakfast .

2. bed and breakfast bed and breakfasts
A bed and breakfast is a guest house that provides bed and breakfast accommodation. The abbreviation B&B is also used. (mainly BRIT)

- Accommodation can be arranged at local bed and breakfasts.

N-COUNT also bed-and-breakfast .

bedazzled

bedazzled
If you are bedazzled by someone or something, you are so amazed and impressed by them that you feel confused.

- Many people are bedazzled by fame.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ by n

bedbug

[D.J.:ˈbedbʌɡ]

[K.K.:ˈbɛdˌbʌɡ]

n.

臭虫, 木虱, 床虱

bedbug

bedbug bedbugs
A bedbug is a small insect with a round body and no wings which lives in dirty houses and feeds by biting people and sucking their blood when they are in bed.
N-COUNT
= parasite

bedchamber

[D.J.:ˈbedtʃeimbə]

[K.K.:ˈbɛdˌtʃembɚ]

n.

卧室

(君主的)侍寝官

bedchamber

bedchamber bedchambers
A bedchamber is a bedroom . (FORMAL)

- ...the royal bedchamber.

N-COUNT also bed-chamber .

bedclothes

[D.J.:ˈbedˌkləʊz, -ˌkləʊðz]

[K.K.:ˈbɛdˌkloz, -ˌkloðz]

n.

寝具,铺盖

bedclothes

bedclothes
Bedclothes are the sheets and covers which you put over yourself when you get into bed.
N-PLURAL

-bedded

-bedded
-bedded combines with numbers to form adjectives which indicate how many beds a room contains. -bedded combines with words such as `twin' or `double' to form adjectives which indicate what kind of beds a room contains.

- ...a four-bedded room.

- ...twin-bedded cabins.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n

bedding

[D.J.:ˈbedɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbɛdɪŋ]

n.

卧具;寝具;铺盖

(给动物歇息的)垫草

底层;基础

<地>层理

adj.

适于花坛种植的

bedding *

bedding
Bedding is sheets, blankets, and covers that are used on beds.
N-UNCOUNT

bedding plant

bedding plant bedding plants
A bedding plant is a plant which lasts for one year. It is put in a flower bed before it flowers, and is then removed when it has finished flowering.
N-COUNT

bedeck

[D.J.:bɪˈdek]

[K.K.:bɪˈdɛk]

vt.

装饰，打扮某物/某人

bedecked

[biˈdekt]

adj.

用(旗子或花等)装饰的

bedeck

bedeck bedecks bedecking bedecked
If flags or other ornaments bedeck a place, a lot of them have been hung up to decorate it. (LITERARY)

- Today, flags bedeck the balcony from which he spoke to the assembled crowd.

VB

bedecked

1. bedecked
If a place is bedecked with flags or other ornaments, these things have been hung up to decorate it. (LITERARY)

- On Thanksgiving the American Legation was bedecked with flags.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with/in n, adv ADJ

2. bedecked
Also a combining form.

- ...a flower-bedecked stage.

COMB in ADJ

bedevil

[D.J.:biˈdevəl]

[K.K.:bɪˈdɛvəl]

vt.

折磨

使迷惑

困扰

bedevil

bedevil bedevils bedevilling bedevilled
If you are bedevilled by something unpleasant, it causes you a lot of problems over a period of time. (FORMAL)

- His career was bedevilled by injury.

- The development has been bedevilled with problems.

- ...a problem that has bedevilled service industries for decades.

VB (AM) bedeviling , bedeviled
= frustrate

bedevil

verb

1.

torment

afflict

distress

harass

plague

trouble

vex

worry

2.

confuse

confound

bedfellow

[D.J.:ˈbedˌfeləu]

[K.K.:ˈbɛdˌfɛlo]

n.

同床者, 共睡者

(尤指在商业或政治上)关系密切的伙伴, 同事, 同盟者

bedfellow

bedfellow bedfellows
You refer to two things or people as bedfellows when they have become associated or related in some way.

- It's possible to be bedfellows with someone on one issue, and at odds with them on another.

- Sex and death are strange bedfellows.

N-COUNT: usu pl

bedhead

[ˈbedhed]

n.

床头

bedhead

bedhead bedheads
A bedhead is a board which is fixed to the end of a bed behind your head. (BRIT; in AM use headboard )
N-COUNT also bed-head .

bedlam

[D.J.:ˈbedləm]

[K.K.:ˈbɛdləm]

n.

喧闹的景象,混乱的场所

<古义>疯人院,精神病院

bedlam

bedlam
Bedlam means a great deal of noise and disorder. People often say `It was bedlam' to mean `There was bedlam'.

- The crowd went absolutely mad. It was bedlam.

- He is causing bedlam at the hotel.

N-UNCOUNT
= chaos

bedlam

noun

pandemonium

chaos

commotion

confusion

furore

tumult

turmoil

uproar

bed linen

bed linen
Bed linen is sheets and pillowcases.

- ...crisp white cotton bed linen.

N-UNCOUNT also bed-linen .

Bedouin

[D.J.:ˈbeduin]

[K.K.:ˈbɛduɪn, ˈbɛdwɪn]

n.

贝都因人

Bedouin

1. Bedouin Bedouins
A Bedouin is a member of a particular Arab tribe.
N-COUNT Bedouin can also be used as the plural form

2. Bedouin
Bedouin means relating to the Bedouin people.

- ...a tent-like roof made of Bedouin carpets.

ADJ Bedouin can also be used as the plural form

bedpan

[D.J.:ˈbedpæn]

[K.K.:ˈbɛdˌpæn]

n.

(病人在床上用的)便盆

bedpan

bedpan bedpans
A bedpan is a shallow bowl shaped like a toilet seat, which is used instead of a toilet by people who are too ill to get out of bed.
N-COUNT also bed-pan .

bedpost

[D.J.:ˈbedpəust]

[K.K.:ˈbɛdˌpost]

n.

(四帷柱床的)床柱

bedpost

bedpost bedposts
A bedpost is one of the four vertical supports at the corners of a bed with an old-fashioned wooden or iron frame.
N-COUNT also bed-post .

bedraggled

[D.J.:bɪˈdrægəld]

[K.K.:bɪˈdræɡəld]

adj.

被弄得湿淋淋的

在烂泥中拖脏的

乱的,不整齐的;破旧的；失修的

bedraggled

bedraggled
Someone or something that is bedraggled looks untidy because they have got wet or dirty.

- He looked weary and bedraggled.

- ...a bedraggled group of journalists.

ADJ-GRADED
= scruffy

bedraggled

adjective

messy

dirty

dishevelled

disordered

muddied

unkempt

untidy

bedridden

[D.J.:ˈbedˌrɪdn]

[K.K.:ˈbɛdˌrɪdn..]

adj.

(因生病或年老)卧床不起的

bedridden

bedridden
Someone who is bedridden is so ill or disabled that they cannot get out of bed.

- He had to spend two years bedridden with an injury.

- ...bedridden patients.

ADJ

bedridden

adjective

confined to bed

confined

flat on one's back

incapacitated

laid up informal

bedrock

[D.J.:ˈbedrɔk]

[K.K.:ˈbɛdˌrɑk]

n.

牢固基础, 基本事实; 基本原则

基岩

bedrock *

1. bedrock
The bedrock of something is the principles, ideas, or facts on which it is based.

- Mutual trust is the bedrock of a relationship.

- Working-class voters form the bedrock of Labour's support.

- ...the bedrock principles of British democratic socialism.

N-SING
= foundation

2. bedrock
Bedrock is the solid rock in the ground which supports all the soil above it.

- It took five years to drill down to bedrock.

N-UNCOUNT

bedrock

noun

1.

bottom

bed

foundation

rock bottom

substratum

substructure

2.

basics

basis

core

essentials

fundamentals

nuts and bolts informal

roots

bedroll

[D.J.:ˈbedˌrəʊl]

[K.K.:ˈbɛdˌrol]

n.

<美>铺盖,铺盖卷

bedroll

bedroll bedrolls
A bedroll is a rolled-up sleeping bag or other form of bedding, which you can carry with you.
N-COUNT also bed-roll .

bedroom

[D.J.:ˈbedˌru:m, -ˌrʊm]

[K.K.:ˈbɛdˌrum, -ˌrʊm]

n.

卧室,寝室

adj.

<美>城郊住宅区的

两性关系的;男女性爱的

bedroom ***

bedroom bedrooms
A bedroom is a room used for sleeping in.

- ...the spare bedroom.

- ...a two-bedroom apartment.

N-COUNT

-bedroomed

-bedroomed
-bedroomed combines with numbers to form adjectives which indicate how many bedrooms a particular house or flat has.

- She moved into a two-bedroomed flat.

COMB in ADJ

bedside

[D.J.:ˈbedˌsaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈbɛdˌsaɪd]

n.

床边,床侧

adj.

床旁的

关于病人的;临床的

bedside *

1. bedside
Your bedside is the area beside your bed.

- She put a cup of tea down on the bedside table.

- He drew a chair up to the bedside and sat down.

N-SING: usu N n

2. bedside
If you talk about being at someone's bedside , you are talking about being near them when they are ill in bed.

- She kept vigil at the bedside of her critically ill son.

- She was called to her brother's bedside.

N-SING: usu with poss

bedside manner

bedside manner
A doctor's bedside manner is the way in which they talk to their patients.
N-SING

bedsit

[ˈbedsit]

n.

起居兼卧室两用房间

bedsit

bedsit bedsits
A bedsit is a room you rent which you use for both living in and sleeping in. (BRIT)

- He was living alone in a dingy bedsit in London.

N-COUNT
= bedsitter

bedsitter

bedsitter bedsitters
A bedsitter is the same as a bedsit . (BRIT)
N-COUNT also bed-sitter .

bedsores

bedsores
Bedsores are sore places on a person's skin, caused by having to lie in bed for a long time without changing position.
N-PLURAL

bedspread

[D.J.:ˈbedˌspred]

[K.K.:ˈbɛdˌsprɛd]

n.

床罩

bedspread

bedspread bedspreads
A bedspread is a decorative cover which is put over a bed, on top of the sheets and blankets.
N-COUNT
= coverlet

bedstead

[D.J.:ˈbedsted]

[K.K.:ˈbɛdˌstɛd]

n.

床架, 床的框架

bedstead

bedstead bedsteads
A bedstead is the metal or wooden frame of an old-fashioned bed.

- ...an old iron bedstead.

N-COUNT

bedtime

[D.J.:ˈbedˌtaɪm]

[K.K.:ˈbɛdˌtaɪm]

n.

就寝时间

adj.

适于睡前的

bedtime *

bedtime
Your bedtime is the time when you usually go to bed.

- It was eight-thirty, Trevor's bedtime.

- ...bedtime stories.

N-UNCOUNT

bedwetting

n.

尿床,遗尿

bedwetting

bedwetting
Bedwetting means urinating in bed, usually by small children.
N-UNCOUNT also bed-wetting .

bee

[D.J.:bi:]

[K.K.:bi]

n.

蜜蜂

bee **

1. bee bees
A bee is an insect with a yellow-and-black striped body that makes a buzzing noise as it flies. Bees make honey, and can sting.
N-COUNT

2. bee
If you have a bee in your bonnet about something, you are so enthusiastic or worried about it that you keep mentioning it or thinking about it.

- He's got a bee in his bonnet about factory farming.

PHR: V and bee inflect, oft PHR about n

3. bee bees
A bee is a social event where people get together for a competition or to do something such as sew. (AM)

- That year I won first prize in the spelling bee.

- ...a group of friends at a quilting bee.

N-COUNT: usu n N

Beeb

[bi:b]

BBC 英国广播公司的简称

Beeb

Beeb
The BBC is sometimes called the Beeb . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He joined the Beeb at 19.

N-PROPER: the N

beech

[D.J.:bi:tʃ]

[K.K.:bitʃ]

n.

山毛榉

山毛榉木材

adj.

山毛榉的;山毛榉木材的

beech *

1. beech beeches
A beech or a beech tree is a tree with a smooth grey trunk.

- ...the branch of a huge beech.

N-VAR

2. beech
Beech is the wood of this tree.

- The worktop is made of solid beech.

N-UNCOUNT

beef

[D.J.:bi:f]

[K.K.:bif]

n.

牛肉

beef **

1. beef
Beef is the meat of a cow, bull, or ox.

- ...roast beef.

- ...beef stew.

- ...exports of beef and powdered milk.

N-UNCOUNT
See also corned beef .

2. beef beefs beefing beefed
If someone beefs about something, they keep complaining about it. (INFORMAL)

- Instead of beefing about what Mrs Martin has not done, her critics might take a look at what she is trying to do.

VB: no passive disapproval
= moan

3. beef beefs
Also a noun. (INFORMAL)

- I really don't have a beef with Wayne.

N-COUNT
= complaint

beef up **

beef up beefs up; beefing up; beefed up
If you beef up something , you increase, strengthen, or improve it.

- ...a campaign to beef up security...

- Both sides are still beefing up their military strength.

- ...a beefed up police presence.

PHR-V

beefburger

n.

德式牛排,煎牛肉饼

beefburger

beefburger beefburgers
A beefburger is the same as a hamburger . (BRIT)

- ... beefburgers and chips.

N-COUNT also beef burger .

beefcake

[D.J.:ˈbi:fkeik]

[K.K.:ˈbifˌkek]

n.

(肌肉发达的)健美男子; 健美男子的照片

beefcake

beefcake beefcakes
Attractive men with large muscles can be referred to as beefcake . (INFORMAL)

- ...the sort of beefcake bodies usually associated with male strippers.

N-VAR: oft N n
= hunk

Beefeater

n.

伦敦塔卫兵

Beefeater

Beefeater Beefeaters
Beefeaters are guards at the Tower of London. They wear a uniform made in the style of the sixteenth century. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

beefsteak

[D.J.:ˈbi:fsteik]

[K.K.:ˈbifˌstek]

n.

牛排

beefsteak

beefsteak beefsteaks
Beefsteak is steak .
N-VAR also beef steak .

beefy

[D.J.:ˈbi:fi:]

[K.K.:ˈbifi]

adj.

牛肉似的

结实的,肌肉发达的

beefily

adv.

beefiness

n.

beefy

beefy beefier beefiest
Someone, especially a man, who is beefy has a big body and large muscles.

- ...a beefy red-faced Englishman.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= brawny

beefy

adjective Informal

brawny

bulky

hulking

muscular

stocky

strapping

sturdy

thickset

beehive

[D.J.:ˈbi:ˌhaɪv]

[K.K.:ˈbiˌhaɪv]

n.

蜂窝；蜂巢；蜂箱

拥挤的地方

beehive

1. beehive beehives
A beehive is a structure in which bees are kept, which is designed so that the beekeeper can collect the honey that they produce.
N-COUNT

2. beehive beehives
A beehive is a hairstyle for women in which the hair is piled up onto the top of the head into a high rounded shape.

- She wore butterfly glasses and had a beehive hairdo.

N-COUNT

beekeeper

n.

养蜂人

beekeeper

beekeeper beekeepers
A beekeeper is a person who owns and takes care of bees.
N-COUNT

beekeeping

[ˈbi:ˌki:piŋ]

n.

养蜂

beekeeping

beekeeping
Beekeeping is the practice of owning and taking care of bees.
N-UNCOUNT

beeline

[D.J.:ˈbi:ˌlaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈbiˌlaɪn]

n.

(两地之间的)直线；直路；最短距离

make a beeline for

<非正>迅速直奔;径直前往

beeline

beeline
If you make a beeline for a place, you go to it as quickly and directly as possible. (INFORMAL)

- She made a beeline for the car.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n also bee-line .

beep

[D.J.:bi:p]

[K.K.:bip]

n.

哔哔声

v.

嘟嘟响

beep

1. beep
A beep is a short, loud sound like that made by a car horn or a telephone answering machine.
N-COUNT; SOUND

2. beep beeps beeping beeped
If something such as a horn beeps , or you beep it, it makes a short, harsh sound.

- A cellular telephone beeped.

- He beeped the horn.

V-ERG

beeper

[D.J.:ˈbi:pə]

[K.K.:ˈbipɚ]

n.

能发出哔哔声音的仪器

beeper

beeper beepers
A beeper is a portable device that makes a beeping noise, usually to tell you to phone someone or to remind you to do something.

- His beeper sounded and he picked up the telephone.

N-COUNT
= bleeper

beer

[D.J.:biə]

[K.K.:bɪr]

n.

啤酒

beer ***

1. beer beers
Beer is a bitter alcoholic drink made from grain.

- He sat in the kitchen drinking beer.

- We have quite a good range of beers.

N-MASS

2. beer beers
A glass of beer can be referred to as a beer .

- Would you like a beer?

N-COUNT

beer belly

beer belly beer bellies
If a man has a beer belly , he has a fat stomach because of drinking too much beer.

- He was short and fat, with a beer belly and a great deal of grey hair.

N-COUNT
= paunch

beer gut

beer gut beer guts
A beer gut is the same as a beer belly .
N-COUNT also beer-gut .

beermat

beermat beermats
A beermat is a cardboard mat for resting your glass of beer on in a bar or pub.
N-COUNT also beer mat .

beery

[D.J.:ˈbiəri]

[K.K.:ˈbɪri]

adj.

啤酒的,象啤酒的,啤酒喝醉的

beery

beery
If a person, especially a man, is described as beery , they have drunk a lot of beer.

- The place was jumping with jolly, beery farmers.

- ...beery roars of applause.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

beeswax

[D.J.:ˈbi:zˌwæks]

[K.K.:ˈbizˌwæks]

n.

蜂蜡

vt.

给…上蜡

beeswax

beeswax
Beeswax is wax that is made by bees and used especially for making candles and furniture polish.
N-UNCOUNT

beet

[D.J.:bi:t]

[K.K.:bit]

n.

甜菜

<美>甜菜根

(as) red as a beet

(因愤怒、难堪或觉得热而)脸红

beet *

1. beet
Beet is a crop with a thick round root. It is often used to feed animals, especially cows.

- ...fields of sweet corn and beet.

N-UNCOUNT
See also sugar beet .

2. beet beets
Beets are dark red roots that are eaten as a vegetable. They are often preserved in vinegar. (AM; in BRIT use beetroot )
N-VAR: usu pl

beetle

[D.J.:ˈbi:tl]

[K.K.:ˈbitl]

n.

甲虫

beetle *

beetle beetles
A beetle is an insect with a hard covering to its body.
N-COUNT

beetroot

[D.J.:ˈbi:tru:t]

[K.K.:ˈbitˌrut, -ˌrʊt]

n.

甜菜根

beetroot *

beetroot beetroots
Beetroot is a dark red root that is eaten as a vegetable. It is often preserved in vinegar. (BRIT; in AM use beet )
N-VAR

befall

[D.J.:bɪˈfɔ:l]

[K.K.:bɪˈfɔl]

vt. & vi.

降临到(某人)头上;发生

befallen

v.

发生,降临,落到

befell

降临,发生,落到

befall *

befall befalls befalling befell befallen
If something bad or unlucky befalls you, it happens to you. (LITERARY)

- ...the disaster that befell the island of Flores.

VB

befall

verb Archaic or literary

happen

chance

come to pass

fall

occur

take place

transpire informal

befit

[D.J.:biˈfit]

[K.K.:bɪˈfɪt]

vt.

适合于(某人); 合适

befitting

[D.J.:biˈfitiŋ]

[K.K.:bɪˈfɪtɪŋ]

adj.

适合的,合适的,适当的

befit *

befit befits befitting befitted
If something befits a person or thing, it is suitable or appropriate for them. (FORMAL)

- They offered him a post befitting his seniority and experience.

- He writes beautifully, as befits a poet.

VB
= become

befitting

adjective

appropriate

apposite

becoming

fit

fitting

proper

right

seemly

suitable

before

[D.J.:biˈfɔ:]

[K.K.:bɪˈfɔr, -ˈfor]

prep.

(表示位置)在…前面

(表示时间)先于, 在…以前

(表示比较)优于, 先于

(表示顺序)在…之前

(表示目的)供…研究, 由…审判

conj.

在…之前

adv.

先前; 从前; 以前

before *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, before is used in the phrasal verbs `go before' and `lay before'.)

1. before
If something happens before a particular date, time, or event, it happens earlier than that date, time, or event.

- Annie was born a few weeks before Christmas.

- Before World War II, women were not recruited as intelligence officers.

- My husband rarely comes to bed before 2 or 3am.

PREP
≠ after

2. before
Also a conjunction.

- Stock prices have climbed close to the peak they'd registered before the stock market crashed in 1987.

CONJ-SUBORD

3. before
If you do something before doing something else, you do it earlier than the other thing.

- He spent his early life in Sri Lanka before moving to England.

- Before leaving, he went into his office to fill in the daily time sheet.

PREP: PREP -ing
≠ after

4. before
Also a conjunction.

- He took a cold shower and then towelled off before he put on fresh clothes.

CONJ-SUBORD

5. before
You use before when you are talking about time. For example, if something happened the day before a particular date or event, it happened during the previous day.

- The war had ended only a month or so before.

ADV: n ADV

6. before
Also a preposition.

- It's interesting that he sent me the book twenty days before the deadline for my book.

PREP: n PREP n

7. before
Also a conjunction.

- Kelman had a book published in the US more than a decade before a British publisher would touch him.

CONJ-SUBORD

8. before
If you do something before someone else can do something, you do it when they have not yet done it.

- Before Gallacher could catch up with the ball, Nadlovu had beaten him to it.

CONJ-SUBORD

9. before
If someone has done something before , they have done it on a previous occasion. If someone has not done something before , they have never done it.

- I've been here before.

- I had met Professor Lown before.

- She had never been to Italy before.

ADV: ADV after v

10. before
If there is a period of time or if several things are done before something happens, it takes that amount of time or effort for this thing to happen.

- It was some time before the door opened in response to his ring.

CONJ-SUBORD
= until

11. before
If a particular situation has to happen before something else happens, this situation must happen or exist in order for the other thing to happen.

- There was additional work to be done before all the troops would be ready.

CONJ-SUBORD

12. before
If someone is before something, they are in front of it. (FORMAL)

- They drove through a tall iron gate and stopped before a large white villa.

PREP
= in front of

13. before
If you tell someone that one place is a certain distance before another, you mean that they will come to the first place first.

- The turn is about two kilometres before the roundabout.

PREP

14. before
If you appear or come before an official person or group, you go there and answer questions.

- The Governor will appear before the committee next Tuesday.

PREP
= in front of

15. before
If something happens before a particular person or group, it is seen by or happens while this person or this group is present.

- The game followed a colourful opening ceremony before a crowd of seventy-four thousand.

PREP
= in front of

16. before
If you have something such as a journey, a task, or a stage of your life before you, you must do it or live through it in the future.

- Everyone in the room knew it was the single hardest task before them.

- I saw before me an idyllic life.

PREP: PREP pron
= ahead of

17. before
When you want to say that one person or thing is more important than another, you can say that they come before the other person or thing.

- Her husband, her children, and the Church came before her needs.

PREP: v PREP n

before

preposition

1.

ahead of

in advance of

in front of

2.

earlier than

in advance of

prior to

3.

in the presence of

in front of

adverb

4.

previously

ahead

earlier

formerly

in advance

sooner

5.

in front

ahead

beforehand

[D.J.:biˈfɔ:hænd]

[K.K.:bɪˈfɔrˌhænd, -ˈfor-]

adv.

预先, 事先

beforehand *

beforehand
If you do something beforehand , you do it earlier than a particular event.

- How could she tell beforehand that I was going to go out?.

- Saunas can be hazardous if misused. Avoid a big meal beforehand.

ADV: usu ADV after v, also ADV with cl

beforehand

adverb

in advance

ahead of time

already

before

earlier

in anticipation

previously

sooner

befriend

[D.J.:bɪˈfrend]

[K.K.:bɪˈfrɛnd]

vt.

以朋友的方式对待;照顾

帮助

befriend *

befriend befriends befriending befriended
If you befriend someone, especially someone who is lonely or far from home, you make friends with them.

- The film's about an elderly woman and a young nurse who befriends her.

- On the aeroplane I was befriended by a delightful German woman.

VB

befriend

verb

help

aid

assist

back

encourage

side with

stand by

support

welcome

befuddle

[D.J.:biˈfʌdl]

[K.K.:bɪˈfʌdl]

vt.

使烂醉

使迷惑不解

befuddled

[biˈfʌdld]

adj.

迷糊的; 糊涂的

befuddle

1. befuddle befuddles befuddling befuddled
If something befuddles you, it confuses your mind or thoughts.

- Randolph liked to befuddle his readers with at least one unfamiliar word per article.

VB
= muddle

2. befuddled

- ...his befuddled manner...

- I was usually befuddled with drink.

ADJ-GRADED

beg

[D.J.:beɡ]

[K.K.:bɛɡ]

vt. & vi.

乞讨, 乞求

请求, 恳求

beg **

1. beg begs begging begged
If you beg someone to do something, you ask them very anxiously or eagerly to do it.

- I begged him to come back to England with me.

- I begged to be allowed to leave.

- We are not going to beg for help any more.

- They dropped to their knees and begged forgiveness.

VB
= beseech

2. beg begs begging begged
If someone who is poor is begging , they are asking people to give them food or money.

- I was surrounded by people begging for food.

- There are thousands like him in Los Angeles, begging on the streets and sleeping rough.

- She was living alone, begging food from neighbors.

VB: oft cont
= panhandle

3. beg
You say `I beg to differ ' when you are politely emphasizing that you disagree with someone.
PHR: V inflects politeness

4. beg
If you say that something is going begging , you mean that it is available but no one is using it or accepting it.

- There is other housing going begging in town.

PHR: V inflects

5. beg
If you say that something begs a particular question , you mean that it makes people want to ask that question; some people consider that this use is incorrect.

- Hopewell's success begs the question: why aren't more companies doing the same?

PHR: V and N inflect

6. beg
If you say that something begs a particular question , you mean that it assumes that the question has already been answered and so does not deal with it. (WRITTEN)

- The research begs a number of questions.

PHR: V and N inflect

beg

verb

1.

scrounge

cadge

seek charity

solicit charity

sponge on

touch (someone) for slang

2.

implore

beseech

entreat

petition

plead

request

solicit

began

[D.J.:biˈɡæn]

[K.K.:bɪˈɡæn]

v.

begin的过去式

begin

[D.J.:biˈɡin]

[K.K.:ˈbeɡɪn]

vt. & vi.

开始; 着手

beginning

[D.J.:biˈɡiniŋ]

[K.K.:bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ]

n.

开始, 起点; 根源

begun

[D.J.:bɪˈgʌn]

[K.K.:bɪˈɡʌn]

begin的过去分词

began

Began is the past tense of begin .

begin *****

1. begin begins beginning began begun
To begin to do something means to start doing it.

- He stood up and began to move around the room.

- The weight loss began to look more serious.

- Snow began falling again.

VB
= start ≠ stop

2. begin begins beginning began begun
When something begins or when you begin it, it takes place from a particular time onwards.

- The problems began last November.

- He has just begun his fourth year in hiding.

- The US is prepared to begin talks immediately.

V-ERG
= start commence ≠ end

3. begin begins beginning began begun
If you begin with something, or begin by doing something, this is the first thing you do.

- Could I begin with a few formalities?

- ...a businessman who began by selling golf shirts from the boot of his car...

- He began his career as a sound editor.

VB
= start ≠ end

4. begin begins began begun
You use begin to mention the first thing that someone says.

- `Professor Theron,' he began, `I'm very pleased to see you'.

- He didn't know how to begin.

VB: no cont
≠ conclude

5. begin begins began begun
If one thing began as another, it first existed in the form of the second thing.

- What began as a local festival has blossomed into an international event.

VB: no cont
= start

6. begin begins began begun
If you say that a thing or place begins somewhere, you are talking about one of its limits or edges.

- The fate line begins close to the wrist.

- Rue Guynemer begins at the front of the Fitzgerald site.

VB: no cont
≠ end

7. begin begins began begun
If a word begins with a particular letter, that is the first letter of that word.

- The first word begins with an F.

VB: no cont
= start ≠ end

8. begin begins began begun
If you say that you cannot begin to imagine, understand, or explain something, you are emphasizing that it is almost impossible to explain, understand, or imagine.

- You can't begin to imagine how much that saddens me.

VB: no cont, with brd-neg emphasis

9. begin
You use the phrase to begin with when you are talking about the first stage of a situation, event, or process.

- It was great to begin with but now it's difficult.

PHR: PHR with cl
= at first

10. begin
You use the phrase to begin with to introduce the first of several things that you want to say.

- `What do scientists you've spoken with think about that?' --- `Well, to begin with, they doubt it's going to work.'

PHR: PHR with cl
= firstly

beginning ***

1. beginning beginnings
The beginning of an event or process is the first part of it.

- This was also the beginning of her recording career.

- Think of this as a new beginning.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= start ≠ end

2. beginning beginnings
The beginnings of something are the signs or events which form the first part of it.

- I had the beginnings of a headache.

- The discussions were the beginnings of a dialogue with Moscow.

N-PLURAL: usu the N, oft N of n

3. beginning
The beginning of a period of time is the time at which it starts.

- The wedding will be at the beginning of March.

N-SING: the N
≠ end

4. beginning beginnings
The beginning of a piece of written material is the first words or sentences of it.

- ...the question which was raised at the beginning of this chapter.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n
≠ end

5. beginning beginnings
If you talk about the beginnings of a person, company, or group, you are referring to their backgrounds or origins.

- His views come from his own humble beginnings.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp

6. beginning
You use beginning to describe someone who is in the early stages of learning to do something.

- The people that she had in her classroom were beginning learners.

ADJ: ADJ n

begun

Begun is the past participle of begin .

begin

verb

1.

start

commence

embark on

initiate

instigate

institute

prepare

set about

2.

happen

appear

arise

come into being

emerge

originate

start

beginning

noun

1.

start

birth

commencement

inauguration

inception

initiation

onset

opening

origin

outset

2.

seed

fount

germ

root

beget

[D.J.:bɪˈget]

[K.K.:bɪˈɡɛt]

vt.

<文>为…之生父

产生,引起

begot

[D.J.:biˈɡɔt]

[K.K.:bɪˈɡɑt]

v.

beget的过去式

begotten

[D.J.:biˈɡɔtn]

[K.K.:bɪˈɡɑtn]

v.

beget的过去分词

beget

1. beget begets begetting begot begotten
To beget something means to cause it to happen or be created. (FORMAL)

- Poverty begets debt.

- Economic tensions beget political ones.

VB

2. beget begets begetting begot begotten
When a man begets a child, he becomes the father of that child. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He wanted to beget an heir.

VB
= father

begot

begot
Begot is the past tense of beget .

begotten

begotten
Begotten is the past participle of beget .

begetter

n.

生产者,父

begetter

begetter begetters
The begetter of something has caused this thing to come into existence. (FORMAL)

- ...Erin Pizzey, founder of the Chiswick Women's Refuge and begetter of the battered women's movement.

N-COUNT: with poss

beggar

[D.J.:ˈbeɡə]

[K.K.:ˈbɛɡɚ]

n.

乞丐

家伙

vt.

使贫困

超常以至于不能(相信、描写等)

beggar *

1. beggar beggars
A beggar is someone who lives by asking people for money or food.
N-COUNT
= panhandler

2. beggar beggars beggaring beggared
If something beggars a person, country, or organization, it makes them very poor.

- He warned that lifting copyright restrictions could beggar the industry.

VB

3. beggar
If something beggars belief , it is impossible to believe it. If something beggars description , it is impossible to describe it.

- The statistics beggar belief.

- His courage beggars description.

PHR: V inflects

beggar

noun

tramp

bag lady chiefly U.S.

bum informal

down-and-out

pauper

vagrant

begging bowl

begging bowl begging bowls
If a country or organization approaches other countries or organizations with a begging bowl , it asks them for money. (mainly BRIT)

- He said earlier that he is not holding out a begging bowl.

N-COUNT

begging letter

begging letter begging letters
A begging letter is a letter from a person or organization in which they ask you to send some money for a particular purpose. (mainly BRIT)

- He has received sacks of begging letters following reports about his personal fortune.

N-COUNT disapproval

beginner

[D.J.:bɪˈgɪnə]

[K.K.:bɪˈɡɪnɚ]

n.

新手;初学者

创始人

beginner’s luck

初学者的好运气(或意外成功)；侥幸

beginner **

beginner beginners
A beginner is someone who has just started learning to do something and cannot do it very well yet.

- The course is suitable for beginners and advanced students.

- I am a complete beginner to bird-keeping.

N-COUNT

beginner

noun

novice

amateur

apprentice

learner

neophyte

starter

trainee

tyro

begonia

[biˈɡəuniə]

n.

秋海棠属的植物,秋海棠

begonia

begonia begonias
A begonia is a garden plant which has large brightly coloured leaves.
N-COUNT

begrudge

[D.J.:bɪˈgrʌdʒ]

[K.K.:bɪˈɡrʌdʒ]

vt.

嫉妒，对(某事物)感到不快或不满

勉强做；不乐意地付出；吝惜

begrudge

1. begrudge begrudges begrudging begrudged
If you do not begrudge someone something, you do not feel angry, upset, or jealous that they have got it.

- I certainly don't begrudge him the Nobel Prize.

VB: usu with brd-neg

2. begrudge begrudges begrudging begrudged
If you do not begrudge something such as time or money, you do not mind giving it up.

- I do not begrudge the money I have lost.

VB: usu with brd-neg

begrudge

verb

resent

be jealous

be reluctant

be stingy

envy

grudge

begrudgingly

adv.

小气地,吝啬地

begrudgingly

begrudgingly
If you do something begrudgingly , you do it unwillingly.

- He agreed to her suggestion begrudgingly.

ADV: ADV with v
= grudgingly

beguile

[D.J.:bɪˈgaɪl]

[K.K.:bɪˈɡaɪl]

vt.

使陶醉,使着迷

消磨(时间等)

欺骗；向…骗取

使高兴；娱(人)

beguilement

n.

beguilement

n.

欺骗,散心,欺瞒

beguiling

[D.J.:bɪˈgaɪlɪŋ]

adj.

欺骗的;诱人的

beguilingly

adv.

beguile

1. beguile beguiles beguiling beguiled
If something beguiles you, you are charmed and attracted by it.

- His paintings beguiled the Prince of Wales.

- I was beguiled by the romance and exotic atmosphere of the souks in Marrakech.

VB

2. beguile beguiles beguiling beguiled
If someone beguiles you into doing something, they trick you into doing it.

- He used his newspapers to beguile the readers into buying shares in his company.

VB

beguiling

1. beguiling
Something that is beguiling is charming and attractive. (WRITTEN)

- Mombasa is a town with a beguiling Arabic flavour.

ADJ-GRADED

2. beguilingly

- He was beguilingly boyish and attractive.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

beguile

verb

1.

fool

cheat

deceive

delude

dupe

hoodwink

mislead

take for a ride informal

trick

2.

charm

amuse

distract

divert

engross

entertain

occupy

beguiling

adjective

charming

alluring

attractive

bewitching

captivating

enchanting

enthralling

intriguing

behalf

[D.J.:biˈhɑ:f]

[K.K.:bɪˈhæf, -ˈhɑf]

n.

方面, 利益, 赞同

behalf ***

1. behalf
If you do something on someone's behalf , you do it for that person as their representative. The form in someone's behalf is also used, mainly in American English.

- She made an emotional public appeal on her son's behalf.

- Secret Service officer Robin Thompson spoke on behalf of his colleagues.

PHR: PHR after v

2. behalf
If you feel, for example, embarrassed or angry on someone's behalf , you feel embarrassed or angry for them.

- `What do you mean?' I asked, offended on Liddie's behalf.

PHR

behave

[D.J.:biˈheiv]

[K.K.:bɪˈhev]

vi.

(行为或举止)表现

工作

vt. & vi.

(使)守规矩

behave ***

1. behave behaves behaving behaved
The way that you behave is the way that you do and say things, and the things that you do and say.

- I couldn't believe these people were behaving in this way.

- He'd behaved badly.

VB
= act

2. behave behaves behaving behaved
If you behave or behave yourself, you act in the way that people think is correct and proper.

- You have to behave.

- They were expected to behave themselves.

VB
= be good

3. behave behaves behaving behaved
In science, the way that something behaves is the things that it does.

- Under certain conditions, electrons can behave like waves rather than particles.

VB

behave

verb

1.

act

function

operate

perform

run

work

2.

conduct oneself properly

act correctly

keep one's nose clean

mind one's manners

-behaved

-behaved
-behaved combines with adverbs such as `well' or `badly' to form adjectives that describe people's or animals' behaviour.

- It is even more important that your horse is well-behaved in traffic.

- My grandchildren are so badly behaved that I can't bear to have them in the house.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

behaviour

[D.J.:biˈheivjə]

[K.K.:bɪˈhevjɚ]

n.

行为, 举止, 表现

behaviour ****

1. behaviour behaviours
People's or animals' behaviour is the way that they behave. You can refer to a typical and repeated way of behaving as a behaviour .

- Make sure that good behaviour is rewarded.

- ...human sexual behaviour...

- These eating patterns are a learned behavior.

N-VAR: with supp (AM) behavior
= conduct

2. behaviour
In science, the behaviour of something is the way that it behaves.

- It will be many years before anyone can predict a hurricane's behavior with much accuracy.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, with poss (AM) behavior

3. behaviour
If someone is on their best behaviour , they are trying very hard to behave well.
PHR: v-link PHR (AM) behavior

behaviour

noun

1.

conduct

actions

bearing

demeanour

deportment

manner

manners

ways

2.

action

functioning

operation

performance

behavioural

adj.

动作的

behavioural *

behavioural
Behavioural means relating to the behaviour of a person or animal, or to the study of their behaviour.

- ...Emotional and behavioural problems.

- ...behavioral scientists.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) behavioral

behaviourism

[biˈheivjərizm]

n.

〈英〉行动主义

behaviourist

n.

〈英〉行动主义者

behaviourism

1. behaviourism
Behaviourism is the belief held by some psychologists that the only valid method of studying the psychology of people or animals is to observe how they behave.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) behaviorism

2. behaviourist behaviourists

- Even the behaviourists are beginning to question their own theories about this.

N-COUNT

behead

[D.J.:bɪˈhed]

[K.K.:bɪˈhɛd]

vt.

砍(某人的)头;砍头处决

beheading

斩首;斩罪;断头

behead

behead beheads beheading beheaded
If someone is beheaded , their head is cut off, usually because they have been found guilty of a crime.

- Charles I was beheaded by the Cromwellians.

VB: usu passive
= decapitate

beheld

[D.J.:bɪˈheld]

[K.K.:bɪˈhɛld]

behold的过去式和过去分词

behold

[D.J.:bɪˈhəʊld]

[K.K.:bɪˈhold]

vt.

看, 注视

vi.

瞧,看呀

lo and behold

(叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现)哎哟，你瞧；嗨，真想不到

beheld

beheld
Beheld is the past tense of behold .

behold *

1. behold beholds beholding beheld
If you behold someone or something, you see them. (LITERARY)

- She looked into his eyes and beheld madness.

- He was a joy to behold.

VB

2. behold
People used to say or write ` Behold ' to draw people's attention to something. (OLD-FASHIONED, LITERARY, HUMOROUS)

- Fear Not. Behold The Saviour.

- Behold a series of thrilling photographs of Felix.

CONVENTION
lo and behold : see lo .

behold

verb Archaic or literary

look at

observe

perceive

regard

survey

view

watch

witness

behemoth

[D.J.:biˈhi:mɔθ]

[K.K.:bɪˈhiməθ, ˈbiəməθ]

n.

巨兽, 庞然大物

behemoth

behemoth behemoths
If you refer to something as a behemoth , you mean that it is extremely large, and often that it is is unpleasant, inefficient, or difficult to manage. (LITERARY or JOURNALISM)

- The city is a sprawling behemoth with no heart.

- ...his behemoth 1,047 page book about the 1988 race for the White House.

N-COUNT disapproval
= monster

behest

[D.J.:bɪˈhest]

[K.K.:bɪˈhɛst]

n.

<文>命令,吩咐;请求

behest

behest
If something is done at someone's behest , it is done because they have ordered or requested it. (FORMAL)

- In 1970, at his new wife's behest, they moved to Southampton.

- The policy document was produced at the behest of John Major and other world leaders.

PHR: PHR after v

behind

[D.J.:biˈhaind]

[K.K.:bɪˈhaɪnd]

prep.

(表示位置)在…的后面

(表示时间)迟于, 比…晚

(表示比较)落后于, 不如

(表示顺序)在身后; 跟着; 通过…之后

(表示状态)被…遮挡; 隐藏在…后面

adv.

在后面; 向后

(落)在后面, (留)在原处

behind 1 preposition and adverb uses *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, behind is also used in a few phrasal verbs, such as `fall behind' and `lie behind'.)

1. behind
If something is behind a thing or person, it is on the other side of them from you, or nearer their back rather than their front.

- I put one of the cushions behind his head.

- They were parked behind the truck.

- The moon disappeared behind a cloud.

PREP
≠ in front of

2. behind
Also an adverb.

- Rising into the hills behind are 800 acres of parkland.

- She was attacked from behind.

ADV: usu n ADV, from ADV

3. behind
If you are walking or travelling behind someone or something, you are following them.

- Keith wandered along behind him.

- Myra and Sam and the children were driving behind them.

PREP
≠ in front of

4. behind
Also an adverb.

- The troopers followed behind, every muscle tensed for the sudden gunfire.

ADV: ADV after v

5. behind
If someone is behind a desk, counter, or bar, they are on the other side of it from where you are.

- The colonel was sitting behind a cheap wooden desk.

- He could just about see the little man behind the counter.

PREP
≠ in front of

6. behind
When you shut a door or gate behind you, you shut it after you have gone through it.

- I walked out and closed the door behind me.

- He slammed the gate shut behind him.

PREP: PREP pron

7. behind
The people, reason, or events behind a situation are the causes of it or are responsible for it.

- It is still not clear who was behind the killing.

- He is embarrassed about the motives behind his decision.

PREP

8. behind
If something or someone is behind you, they support you and help you.

- He had the state's judicial power behind him.

PREP: PREP pron

9. behind
If you refer to what is behind someone's outside appearance, you are referring to a characteristic which you cannot immediately see or is not obvious, but which you think is there.

- What lay behind his anger was really the hurt he felt at Grace's refusal.

- Behind the smiling eyes lurks the evil that led her to murder the two babies in her care.

PREP

10. behind
If you are behind someone, you are less successful than them, or have done less or advanced less.

- She finished second behind the American, Ann Cody, in the 800 metres.

- Food production has already fallen behind the population growth.

PREP
≠ ahead of

11. behind
Also an adverb.

- The rapid development of technology means that she is now far behind, and will need retraining.

- The accounts are more than three months behind.

ADV-GRADED: be ADV, ADV after v

12. behind
If an experience is behind you, it happened in your past and will not happen again, or no longer affects you.

- Maureen put the nightmare behind her.

- He will attempt to put behind him the misery of failing to win a medal in his individual event.

PREP: PREP pron

13. behind
If you have a particular achievement behind you, you have managed to reach this achievement, and other people consider it to be important or valuable.

- He has 20 years of loyal service to Barclays Bank behind him.

- Birgit was a popular actress with half a decade of filmmaking behind her.

PREP: have/with n PREP pron

14. behind
If something is behind schedule, it is not as far advanced as people had planned. If someone is behind schedule, they are not progressing as quickly at something as they had planned.

- The work is 22 weeks behind schedule.

- We were two months behind schedule, and already over budget.

PREP: oft n PREP n
≠ ahead of

15. behind
If you stay behind , you remain in a place after other people have gone.

- As women were not permitted in the war zone, Eleanor would have to stay behind.

- About 1,200 personnel will remain behind to take care of the air base.

ADV: ADV after v

16. behind
If you leave something or someone behind , you do not take them with you when you go.

- The rebels fled into the mountains, leaving behind their weapons and supplies.

- He came to Saudi Arabia, leaving behind his wife and their three children.

ADV: ADV after v

behind 2 noun use

behind behinds
Your behind is the part of your body that you sit on.
N-COUNT
= bottom

behind

preposition

1.

after

at the back of

at the heels of

at the rear of

following

later than

2.

causing

at the bottom of

initiating

instigating

responsible for

3.

supporting

backing

for

in agreement

on the side of

adverb

4.

after

afterwards

following

in the wake (of)

next

subsequently

5.

overdue

behindhand

in arrears

in debt

noun

6.

bottom

butt U.S. & Canad. informal

buttocks

posterior

behindhand

[D.J.:biˈhaindhænd]

[K.K.:bɪˈhaɪndˌhænd]

adv.

(较正式)迟; 慢; 过期; 拖欠

behindhand

behindhand
If someone is behindhand , they have been delayed or have made less progress in their work than they or other people think they should.

- Poor Dr Pegler got terribly behindhand with his appointments.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= behind

beholden

[D.J.:biˈhəuldən]

[K.K.:bɪˈholdən]

adj.

有责任的, 有义务的

beholden

beholden
If you are beholden to someone, you are in debt to them in some way or you feel that you have a duty to them because they have helped you.

- He was made beholden to the Mafia.

- Americans are beholden to their employers for their health protection.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n

beholden

adjective

indebted

bound

grateful

obliged

owing

under obligation

beholder

[D.J.:bɪˈhəʊldə]

[K.K.:bɪˈholdɚ]

n.

观看者;旁观者

beholder

1. beholder
If you say that something such as beauty or art is in the eye of the beholder , you mean that it is a matter of personal opinion.

- Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

PHR: v-link PHR

2. beholder beholders
The beholder of something is the person who is looking at it. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- The caves cannot but inspire wonder in the beholder.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

behove

v.

〈英〉理应,应该，理所当然

behove

behove behoves behoved
If it behoves you to do something, it is right, necessary, or useful for you to do it. (FORMAL)

- I think it behoves us, sir, to get out of here with all speed.

VB (AM) behoove
= befit

beige

[D.J.:beɪʒ]

[K.K.:beʒ]

n.

原色哔叽；薄斜纹呢

米色，淡棕色

adj.

米色的，淡棕色的

beige *

beige
Something that is beige is pale brown in colour.

- The walls are beige.

- ...a pair of beige shorts...

- The living-room had been decorated in muted shades of white and beige.

COLOUR

bejewelled

[biˈdʒu:əld]

adj.

饰以珠宝的

bejewelled

bejewelled
A bejewelled person or object is wearing a lot of jewellery or is decorated with jewels.

- ...bejewelled women.

- ...a bejewelled golden tiara.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) bejeweled

belabour

[D.J.:bɪˈleɪbə]

[K.K.:bɪˈlebɚ]

vt.

痛打,责骂

belabour

1. belabour belabours belabouring belaboured
If you belabour someone or something, you hit them hard and repeatedly. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Men began to belabour his shoulders, his head, his arms with sticks.

VB (AM) belabor
= pummel

2. belabour belabours belabouring belaboured
If you say that someone belabours the point, you mean that they keep on talking about it, perhaps in an annoying or boring way.

- I'll come back to this set of issues, so I will not belabor the point here.

VB (AM) belabor
= harp on

belated

[D.J.:bɪˈleɪtɪd]

[K.K.:bɪˈletɪd]

adj.

来得很迟的,来得很晚的

过时的;陈旧的

belated *

1. belated
A belated action happens later than it should have done. (FORMAL)

- ...the government's belated attempts to alleviate the plight of the poor.

- ...a belated birthday present.

ADJ-GRADED
= tardy

2. belatedly

- The leaders realized belatedly that the coup would be disastrous for everyone.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

belated

adjective

late

behindhand

behind time

delayed

late in the day

overdue

tardy

belch

[D.J.:beltʃ]

[K.K.:bɛltʃ]

vi.

打嗝

喷出;吐出

vt.

打(嗝),嗳(气)

喷出,喷射;吐出

n.

打嗝,嗳气

喷吐;喷出物

belching

汽水沸出

belch *

1. belch belches belching belched
If someone belches , they make a sudden noise in their throat because air has risen up from their stomach.

- Garland covered his mouth with his hand and belched discreetly.

VB
= burp

2. belch belches
Also a noun.

- He drank and stifled a belch.

N-COUNT

3. belch belches belching belched
If a machine or chimney belches something such as smoke or fire, large amounts of smoke or fire come from it.

- Tired old trucks were struggling up the road below us, belching black smoke.

- Suddenly, clouds of steam started to belch from the engine.

V-ERG
= emit

4. belch out belches out; belching out; belched out
Belch out means the same as belch .

- The power-generation plant belched out five tonnes of ash an hour.

- ...the vast quantities of smoke belching out from the volcano.

PHR-V-ERG

belch

verb

1.

burp informal

hiccup

2.

emit

discharge

disgorge

erupt

give off

spew forth

vent

beleaguered

[biˈli:ɡəd]

adj.

饱受批评的; 处于困境的

受到围困[围攻]的

beleaguered *

1. beleaguered
A beleaguered person, organization, or project is experiencing a lot of difficulties, opposition, or criticism. (FORMAL)

- There have been seven coup attempts against the beleaguered government of Mrs Aquino.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. beleaguered
A beleaguered place or army is surrounded by its enemies. (FORMAL)

- The rebels continue their push towards the beleaguered capital.

ADJ
= besieged

beleaguered

adjective

1.

harassed

badgered

hassled informal

persecuted

pestered

plagued

put upon

vexed

2.

besieged

assailed

beset

blockaded

hemmed in

surrounded

belfry

[D.J.:ˈbelfri]

[K.K.:ˈbɛlfri]

n.

钟塔

钟室

belfry

belfry belfries
The belfry of a church is the top part of its tower, where the bells are.
N-COUNT

Belgian

[D.J.:ˈbeldʒən]

[K.K.:ˈbɛldʒən]

n.

比利时人

adj.

比利时的

Belgian ***

1. Belgian
Belgian means belonging or relating to Belgium or to its people.

- ...the Belgian capital, Brussels.

ADJ

2. Belgian Belgians
A Belgian is a person who comes from Belgium.
N-COUNT

belie

[D.J.:bɪˈlaɪ]

[K.K.:bɪˈlaɪ]

vt.

掩饰；给人以…假象, 使被误解

证明(或显示)...为虚假

辜负;使失望;使落空

<古>就...扯谎

belying

[biˈlaiiŋ]

v.

掩饰,与…不符,使…失望

belie *

1. belie belies belying belied
If one thing belies another, it hides the true situation and so creates a false idea or image of someone or something.

- Her looks belie her 50 years.

VB

2. belie belies belying belied
If one thing belies another, it proves that the other thing is not true or genuine.

- The facts of the situation belie his testimony.

VB
= disprove

belief

[D.J.:biˈli:f]

[K.K.:bɪˈlif]

n.

相信, 信任

信念, 信仰

belief ***

1. belief
Belief is a feeling of certainty that something exists, is true, or is good.

- One billion people throughout the world are Muslims, united by belief in one god.

- ...a belief in personal liberty.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N in n

2. belief beliefs
Your religious or political beliefs are your views on religious or political matters.

- He refuses to compete on Sundays because of his religious beliefs.

N-PLURAL: usu supp N

3. belief
If it is your belief that something is the case, it is your strong opinion that it is the case.

- It is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.

N-SING: usu N that

4. belief
You use beyond belief to emphasize that something is true to a very great degree or that it happened to a very great degree.

- We are devastated, shocked beyond belief.

- Her son's skin improved beyond belief.

PHR: adj PHR, PHR after v emphasis

5. belief
You use the expression contrary to popular belief to introduce a statement that is the opposite to what is thought to be true by most ordinary people.

- Contrary to popular belief, there is no evidence that what you look like makes much difference to your life.

PHR: PHR with cl

6. belief
If you do something in the belief that something is true or will happen, you do it because you think, usually wrongly, that it is true or will happen.

- Civilians had broken into the building, apparently in the belief that it contained food.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR cl

belief

noun

1.

trust

assurance

confidence

conviction

feeling

impression

judgment

notion

opinion

2.

faith

credo

creed

doctrine

dogma

ideology

principles

tenet

belief system

belief system belief systems
The belief system of a person or society is the set of beliefs that they have about what is right and wrong and what is true and false.

- Health professionals need to become familiar with the belief systems of various ethnic groups in their community.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

believable

[D.J.:biˈli:vəbl]

[K.K.:bɪˈlivəbəl]

adj.

可信的

believable *

believable
Something that is believable makes you think that it could be true or real.

- ...believable evidence...

- This book is full of believable, interesting characters.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unbelievable

believable

adjective

credible

authentic

imaginable

likely

plausible

possible

probable

trustworthy

believe

[D.J.:biˈli:v]

[K.K.:bɪˈliv]

vt. & vi.

相信

vt.

认为, 想

vi.

信仰

believing

[biˈli:viŋ]

adj.

有信仰的

believe *****

1. believe believes believing believed
If you believe that something is true, you think that it is true, but you are not sure. (FORMAL)

- Experts believe that the coming drought will be extensive.

- I believe you have something of mine.

- The main problem, I believe, lies elsewhere.

- We believe them to be hidden here in this apartment.

- `You've never heard of him?' --- `I don't believe so.'

VB
= think

2. believe believes believing believed
If you believe someone or if you believe what they say or write, you accept that they are telling the truth.

- He did not sound as if he believed her.

- Never believe anything a married man says about his wife.

- Don't believe what you read in the papers.

VB
≠ disbelieve

3. believe believes believing believed
If you believe in fairies, ghosts, or miracles, you are sure that they exist or happen. If you believe in a god, you are sure of the existence of that god.

- I don't believe in ghosts.

- Do you believe in magic?

VB

4. believe believes believing believed
If you believe in a way of life or an idea, you are in favour of it because you think it is good or right.

- He believed in marital fidelity.

- ...decent candidates who believed in democracy.

VB

5. believe believes believing believed
If you believe in someone or what they are doing, you have confidence in them and think that they will be successful.

- If you believe in yourself you can succeed.

VB

6. believe believes believing believed
Believe is used in expressions such as I can't believe how or it's hard to believe that in order to express surprise, for example because something bad has happened or something very difficult has been achieved.

- Many officers I spoke to found it hard to believe what was happening around them.

- I was a physical and emotional wreck -- I still can't believe how I ever got any work done.

VB: with brd-neg feelings

7. believe
If you say that you cannot believe your eyes or cannot believe your ears , you are emphasizing that you are very surprised about something you have seen or heard.

- I could not believe my eyes. She was far more beautiful than I had imagined.

PHR: V inflects, with brd-neg emphasis

8. believe
You can use believe it or not to emphasize that what you have just said is surprising.

- That's normal, believe it or not.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

9. believe
If you say would you believe it , you are emphasizing your surprise about something.

- And would you believe it, he's younger than me!

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

10. believe
You can use believe you me to emphasize that what you are saying is true.

- It's absolutely amazing, believe you me.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

believe

verb

1.

accept

be certain of

be convinced of

credit

depend on

have faith in

rely on

swear by

trust

2.

think

assume

gather

imagine

judge

presume

reckon

speculate

suppose

believer

[D.J.:bɪˈli:və]

n.

信仰者,信徒

相信(尤指某物效能)的人

believer *

1. believer believers
If you are a great believer in something, you think that it is good, right, or useful.

- Mum was a great believer in herbal medicines.

N-COUNT: N in n, usu adj N
≠ opponent

2. believer believers
A believer is someone who is sure that God exists or that their religion is true.

- I made no secret of the fact that I was not a believer.

N-COUNT

believer

noun

follower

adherent

convert

devotee

disciple

supporter

upholder

zealot

belittle

[D.J.:bɪˈlɪtl]

[K.K.:bɪˈlɪtl..]

vt.

使显得微小,轻视,贬低

belittle *

belittle belittles belittling belittled
If you belittle someone or something, you say or imply that they are unimportant or not very good.

- We mustn't belittle her outstanding achievement.

- It makes no sense to belittle the enormity of the disaster.

VB
= demean

belittle

verb

disparage

decry

denigrate

deprecate

deride

scoff at

scorn

sneer at

bell

[D.J.:bel]

[K.K.:bɛl]

n.

钟, 铃, 电铃

钟声, 铃声

bells

排钟

bell ***

1. bell bells
A bell is a device that makes a ringing sound and is used to give a signal or to attract people's attention.

- I had just enough time to finish eating before the bell rang and I was off to my first class.

- I've been ringing the door bell, there's no answer.

N-COUNT

2. bell bells
A bell is a hollow metal object shaped like a cup which has a piece hanging inside it that hits the sides and makes a sound.

- My brother, Neville, was born on a Sunday, when all the church bells were ringing.

N-COUNT

3. bell
If something is as clear as a bell , it is very clear indeed.

- There are 80 of these pictures and they're all as clear as a bell.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

4. bell
If you give someone a bell , you telephone them. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I was going to give you a bell tomorrow.

PHR: V inflects

5. bell
If you say that something rings a bell , you mean that it reminds you of something, but you cannot remember exactly what it is. (INFORMAL)

- The description of one of the lads is definitely familiar. It rings a bell.

PHR: V inflects

6. bell
If something is as sound as a bell it is healthy and not damaged in any way.

- The horse returned sound as a bell.

PHR: v-link PHR

bell-bottoms

[D.J.:ˈbelˌbɔtəmz]

[K.K.:ˈbɛlˌbɑtəmz]

n.

喇叭裤

bell-bottoms

bell-bottoms
Bell-bottoms are trousers that are very wide at the bottom of the leg, near your feet.

- Flares, loons and bell-bottoms are back.

- He was clothed in maroon bell-bottom trousers.

N-PLURAL: oft N n The form bell-bottom is used as a modifier
= flares

bellboy

[D.J.:ˈbelˌbɔɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbɛlˌbɔɪ]

n.

(旅馆里为客人搬运行李到房间里的)男侍者

bellboy

bellboy bellboys
A bellboy is a man or boy who works in a hotel, carrying bags or bringing things to the guests' rooms.
N-COUNT
= bellhop

belle

[D.J.:bel]

[K.K.:bɛl]

n.

美女

最美的美女

belle

belle belles
A belle is a beautiful woman, especially the most beautiful woman at a party or in a group. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- She was the belle of her Sunday School class.

N-COUNT
= beauty

bellicose

[D.J.:ˈbelɪˌkəʊs]

[K.K.:ˈbɛlɪˌkos]

adj.

<正>好战的;好争吵的;好斗的

bellicose

bellicose
You use bellicose to refer to aggressive actions or behaviour that are likely to start an argument or a fight. (LITERARY)

- The government is continuing its bellicose statements threatening tough action against illegal strikes.

ADJ-GRADED
= belligerent

-bellied

-bellied
-bellied can be added to an adjective to describe someone or something that has a stomach of a particular kind.

- The fat-bellied officer stood near the door.

- ...the yellow-bellied sea-snake.

COMB in ADJ
See also pot-bellied .

belligerence

[D.J.:biˈlidʒərəns]

[K.K.:bəˈlɪdʒərəns]

n.

交战,好战,斗争性

belligerent

[D.J.:bəˈlɪdʒərənt]

[K.K.:bəˈlɪdʒərənt]

adj.

交战的;卷入冲突的

好战的,挑起战争的

adj.

交战的一方(指国家、集团或个人)

belligerent *

1. belligerent
A belligerent person is hostile and aggressive.

- ...the belligerent statements from both sides which have led to fears of war...

- He was almost back to his belligerent mood of twelve months ago.

ADJ-GRADED
= aggressive

2. belligerently

- `Why not?' he asked belligerently.

ADV-GRADED

3. belligerence

- He could be accused of passion, but never belligerence.

N-UNCOUNT
= aggression

4. belligerent belligerents
The belligerents in a war are the countries or groups that are fighting each other. (FORMAL)

- The belligerents were due, once again, to try to settle their differences.

N-COUNT

belligerent

adjective

1.

aggressive

bellicose

combative

hostile

pugnacious

unfriendly

warlike

warring

noun

2.

fighter

combatant

warring nation

bellow

[D.J.:beˈləu]

[K.K.:ˈbɛlo]

vi.

发出吼叫声; 咆哮(尤指因痛苦)

vt. & vi.

(愤怒地)说出(某事); 大叫

bellows

[D.J.:ˈbeləuz]

[K.K.:ˈbɛloz, -əz]

n.

风箱

bellow *

1. bellow bellows bellowing bellowed
If someone bellows , they shout angrily in a loud, deep voice.

- `I didn't ask to be born!' she bellowed.

- She prayed she wouldn't come in and find them there, bellowing at each other.

- He bellowed information into the mouthpiece of his portable telephone.

VB

2. bellow bellows
Also a noun.

- I was distraught and let out a bellow of tearful rage.

N-COUNT

3. bellow bellows bellowing bellowed
When a large animal such as a bull or an elephant bellows , it makes a loud and deep noise.

- A heifer bellowed in her stall.

VB

4. bellow bellows
A bellows is or bellows are a device used for blowing air into a fire in order to make it burn more fiercely.

- ...two stone forges, each equipped with bellows.

N-COUNT: also a pair of N

bellow

verb

shout

bawl

cry

howl

roar

scream

shriek

yell

bell pepper

bell pepper bell peppers
A bell pepper is a hollow green, red, or yellow vegetable with seeds. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use pepper )

N-COUNT

bell ringer

bell ringer bell ringers
A bell ringer is someone who rings church bells or hand bells, especially as a hobby.
N-COUNT also bell-ringer .

bellwether

[D.J.:ˈbelweˌðə]

[K.K.:ˈbɛlwɛˌðɚ]

n.

系铃的公羊,前导,领导者,群众的首领

bellwether

bellwether bellwethers
If you describe something as a bellwether , you mean that it is an indication of the way a situation is changing. (mainly AM, JOURNALISM)

- If interest in apartments remains high, it could be a bellwether of another real estate recovery.

- IBM is considered the bellwether stock on Wall Street.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N n

belly

[D.J.:ˈbeli]

[K.K.:ˈbɛli]

n.

肚子, 腹部

belly **

1. belly bellies
The belly of a person or animal is their stomach or abdomen. In British English, this is an informal or literary use.

- She laid her hands on her swollen belly.

- ...a horse with its belly ripped open...

- You'll eat so much your belly'll be like a barrel.

N-COUNT: with poss
= stomach

See also beer belly , pot belly .

2. belly
If a company goes belly up , it does not have enough money to pay its debts. (INFORMAL)

- I really can't afford to see this company go belly up.

PHR: V inflects
= go bust

belly

noun

1.

stomach

abdomen

corporation informal

gut

insides informal

paunch

potbelly

tummy

verb

2.

swell out

billow

bulge

fill

spread

swell

bellyache

[D.J.:ˈbelieik]

[K.K.:ˈbɛliˌek]

n.

腹痛

vi.

无故抱怨

bellyache

1. bellyache bellyaches
Bellyache is a pain inside your abdomen, especially in your stomach. (INFORMAL)

- They may complain of diarrhea or bellyache.

N-VAR also belly-ache .
= stomach-ache

2. bellyache bellyaches bellyaching bellyached
If you say that someone is bellyaching you mean they complain loudly and frequently about something and you think this is unreasonable or unjustified. (INFORMAL)

- Everyone is belly-aching about recession.

VB: usu cont also belly-ache .
= complain

belly button

belly button belly buttons
Your belly button is the small round thing in the centre of your stomach. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= navel

belly dancer

belly dancer belly dancers
A belly dancer is a woman who performs a Middle Eastern dance in which she moves her hips and abdomen about.
N-COUNT also belly-dancer .

belly laugh

belly laugh belly laughs
A belly laugh is a very loud, deep laugh.

- Each gag was rewarded with a generous belly-laugh.

N-COUNT also belly-laugh .

belong

[D.J.:biˈlɔŋ]

[K.K.:bɪˈlɔŋ, -ˈlɑŋ]

vi.

属于; 是…的成员

应被放在, 应归入

适应, 合得来

belonging

[D.J.:biˈlɔŋiŋ]

[K.K.:bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ, -ˈlɑŋ-]

n.

附属品,附件;属性

belong ***

1. belong belongs belonged
If something belongs to you, you own it.

- The house had belonged to her family for three or four generations.

VB: no cont

2. belong belongs belonged
You say that something belongs to a particular person when you are guessing, discovering, or explaining that it was produced by or is part of that person.

- The handwriting belongs to a male.

- They established that the body belonged to a 15-year-old girl.

VB: no cont

3. belong belongs belonged
If someone belongs to a particular group, they are a member of that group.

- I used to belong to a youth club.

VB: no cont

4. belong belongs belonged
If something or someone belongs in or to a particular category, type, or group, they are of that category, type, or group.

- The judges could not decide which category it belonged in.

- I realized that he and I belonged to different worlds.

VB: no cont

5. belong belongs belonged
If something belongs to a particular time, it comes from that time.

- The pictures belong to an era when there was a preoccupation with high society.

VB: no cont

6. belong belongs belonged
If you say that something belongs to someone, you mean that person has the right to it.

- ...but the last word belonged to Rosanne.

VB: no cont

7. belong belongs belonged
If you say that a time belongs to a particular system or way of doing something, you mean that that time is or will be characterized by it.

- The future belongs to democracy.

VB: no cont

8. belong belongs belonged
If a baby or child belongs to a particular adult, that adult is his or her parent or the person who is looking after him or her.

- He deduced that the two children belonged to the couple.

VB: no cont

9. belong belongs belonged
When lovers say that they belong together, they are expressing their closeness or commitment to each other.

- I really think that we belong together.

- He belongs with me.

V-RECIP: no cont

10. belong belongs belonged
If a person or thing belongs in a particular place or situation, that is where they should be.

- You don't belong here.

- This piece really belongs in the concert hall.

- I'm so glad to see you back where you belong.

- They need to feel they belong.

VB: no cont

11. belonging

- ...a man utterly without a sense of belonging.

N-UNCOUNT

belonging

noun

relationship

acceptance

affinity

association

attachment

fellowship

inclusion

loyalty

rapport

belongings

[D.J.:biˈlɔŋiŋz]

n.

动产;财物

家眷；亲属；亲戚

belongings *

belongings
Your belongings are the things that you own, especially things that are small enough to be carried.

- I collected my belongings and left.

- He was identified only by his uniform and personal belongings.

N-PLURAL: usu poss N
= possessions

belongings

plural noun

possessions

accoutrements

chattels

effects

gear

goods

paraphernalia

personal property

stuff

things

beloved

[D.J.:biˈlʌvid, biˈlʌvd]

[K.K.:bɪˈlʌvɪd, -ˈlʌvd]

adj.

为…所深爱的

亲爱的; 敬爱的

beloved **

1. beloved
A beloved person, thing, or place is one that you feel great affection for.

- He lost his beloved wife last year.

- The rose is the most romantic of flowers, beloved of poets, singers, and artists.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n, also v-link ADJ of/by n When the adjective is not followed by a noun it is pronounced
= cherished

2. beloved
Your beloved is the person that you love. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He takes his beloved into his arms.

N-SING: usu poss N

beloved

adjective

dear

admired

adored

darling

loved

pet

precious

prized

treasured

worshipped

below

[D.J.:biˈləu]

[K.K.:bɪˈlo]

prep.

(表示位置)在…下面, 低于

(表示状态)在…掩饰之下, 在…背后

(表示比较)不及, 劣于; 低于

adv.

在下面, 到下面

below ****

1. below
If something is below something else, it is in a lower position.

- He appeared from the apartment directly below Leonard's.

- The path runs below a long brick wall.

- The sun had already sunk below the horizon.

- The boat dipped below the surface of the water.

PREP
= above

2. below
Also an adverb.

- We climbed rather perilously down a rope-ladder to the boat below.

- ...a view to the street below...

- Spread out below was a great crowd.

ADV: n ADV, ADV after v

3. below
If something is below ground or below the ground , it is in the ground.

- They have designed a system which pumps up water from 70m below ground.

- Coils buried in tunnels below the ground might soon be used to store large amounts of electricity.

PHR

4. below
You use below in a piece of writing to refer to something that is mentioned later.

- Please write to me at the address below.

- The BBC Good Food Show is giving away free tickets in a competition. For details, see below.

ADV: n ADV, ADV after v

5. below
If something is below a particular amount, rate, or level, it is less than that amount, rate, or level.

- Night temperatures can drop below 15 degrees Celsius.

- British Telecom agreed to keep overall price increases to 7.5 per cent below inflation.

- Rainfall has been below average.

PREP
≠ above

6. below
Also an adverb.

- ...temperatures at zero or below.

ADV

7. below
If someone is below you in an organization, they are lower in rank.

- Such people often experience less stress than those in the ranks immediately below them.

- ...pay rises awarded to all white-collar staff below chief officer level.

PREP
≠ above

below

preposition

1.

lesser

inferior

subject

subordinate

2.

less than

lower than

adverb

3.

lower

beneath

down

under

underneath

below stairs

1. below stairs
People sometimes use below stairs to refer to the servants in a rich household and the things that are connected with them.

- Life below stairs at Buckingham Palace is to be turned into a TV drama.

ADV: n ADV, ADV after v also below-stairs

2. below-stairs
Also an adjective.

- ...the below-stairs world of a 1920s country house.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

belt

[D.J.:belt]

[K.K.:bɛlt]

n.

腰带, 带子

区域, 地带

belted

[ˈbeltid]

adj.

束带的,装甲的,佩礼带的

belting

[D.J.:ˈbeltiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbɛltɪŋ]

n.

制带的材料,带类,调带装置

belt ***

1. belt belts
A belt is a strip of leather or cloth that you fasten round your waist.

- He wore a belt with a large brass buckle.

N-COUNT
See also safety belt , seat belt .

2. belt belts
A belt in a machine is a circular strip of rubber that is used to drive moving parts or to move objects along.

- The turning disc is connected by a drive belt to an electric motor.

N-COUNT
See also conveyor belt , fan belt .

3. belt belts
A belt of land or sea is a long, narrow area of it that has some special feature.

- Miners in Zambia's northern copper belt have gone on strike.

- Behind him was a belt of trees, and behind the trees hills and fields.

N-COUNT: with supp
= strip

See also Bible Belt , commuter belt , green belt .

4. belt belts belting belted
If someone belts you, they hit you very hard. (INFORMAL)

- `Is it right she belted old George in the gut?' she asked.

VB
= thump

5. belt belts
Also a noun.

- Father would give you a belt over the head with the scrubbing brush.

N-COUNT

6. belt belts belting belted
If you belt somewhere, you move or travel there very fast. (INFORMAL)

- We belted down Iveagh Parade to where the motor was.

VB
= dash

7. belt belts
If someone is or has a belt of a particular colour in judo or karate, they have reached the standard which that colour represents.

- He is a black belt in karate.

N-COUNT: usu adj N

8. belt
Something that is below the belt is cruel and unfair.

- Do you think it's a bit below the belt what they're doing?

- ...this kind of below-the-belt discrimination.

PHR

9. belt
If you have to tighten your belt , you have to spend less money and manage without things because you have less money than you used to have.

- Clearly, if you are spending more than your income, you'll need to tighten your belt.

PHR: V inflects

10. belt
If you have something under your belt , you have already achieved it or done it.

- Clare is now a full-time author with six books, including four novels, under her belt.

PHR: have/with n PHR

belted

belted
If someone's jacket or coat, for example, is belted , it has a belt fastened round it.

- He wore a belted raincoat that accentuated his portly middle.

- She wore a brown suede jacket, belted at the waist.

ADJ

belt

noun

1.

waistband

band

cummerbund

girdle

girth

sash

2.

zone

area

district

layer

region

stretch

strip

tract

belt out ***

belt out belts out; belting out; belted out
If you belt out a song, you sing or play it very loudly. (INFORMAL)

- He held a three-hour family Karaoke session in his hotel, belting out Sinatra and Beatles hits.

PHR-V

belt up ***

belt up belts up; belting up; belted up
If someone tells you to belt up , they are telling you in a very impolite way to stop talking. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Chambers waved his hand. `Belt up!' he snapped.

PHR-V

belt-tightening

[D.J.:ˈbeltˌtaitəniŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbɛlt ˌtaɪtnɪŋ]

n.

强制性节约

adj.

节约的,节省开支的

belt-tightening

belt-tightening
If you need to do some belt-tightening , you must spend less money and manage without things because you have less money than you used to have.

- The Bangladeshi government has called for severe belt-tightening.

N-UNCOUNT

beltway

[D.J.:ˈbeltwei]

[K.K.:ˈbɛltˌwe]

n.

环形公路, 环路

华盛顿特区的

beltway

beltway beltways
A beltway is a road that goes around a city or town, to keep traffic away from the centre. (AM; in BRIT use ring road )

N-COUNT

bemoan

[D.J.:bɪˈməʊn]

[K.K.:bɪˈmon]

vt.

为(某人或某事)抱怨, 不满于

悲悼;为...恸哭

哀叹;对...表示惋惜

vi.

悲悼;叹息

bemoan *

bemoan bemoans bemoaning bemoaned
If you bemoan something, you express sorrow or dissatisfaction about it. (FORMAL)

- Universities and other research establishments bemoan their lack of funds.

VB
= lament/mourn

bemoan

verb Geography

lament

bewail

deplore

grieve for

mourn

regret

rue

weep for

bemuse

[D.J.:biˈmju:z]

[K.K.:bɪˈmjuz]

vt.

使困惑

bemused

[biˈmju:zd]

adj.

困惑的; 茫然的; 不知所措的

bemuse

bemuse bemuses bemusing bemused
If something bemuses you, it puzzles or confuses you.

- The sheer quantity of detail would be enough to bemuse any but the most clear-headed author.

VB
= bewilder

bemused *

1. bemused
If you are bemused , you are puzzled or confused.

- He was rather bemused by children.

- Mr. Sebastian was looking at the boys with a bemused expression.

ADJ-GRADED
= bewildered

2. bemusedly

- He was staring bemusedly at the picture of himself.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

bemused

adjective

puzzled

at sea

bewildered

confused

flummoxed

muddled

nonplussed

perplexed

bemusement

n.

困惑,发呆

bemusement

bemusement
Bemusement is the feeling that you have when you are puzzled or confused by something.

- A look of bemusement mixed with alarm spread across their faces.

N-UNCOUNT

bench

[D.J.:bentʃ]

[K.K.:bɛntʃ]

n.

长凳, 长椅

bench **

1. bench benches
A bench is a long seat of wood or metal that two or more people can sit on.

- He sat down on a park bench.

N-COUNT

2. bench benches
A bench is a long, narrow table in a factory or laboratory.

- ...the laboratory bench.

N-COUNT

3. bench benches
In parliament, different groups sit on different benches . For example, the government sits on the government benches . (BRIT)

- Members of Hungary's former ruling Communist party watched the day's proceedings from the opposition benches.

N-PLURAL
See also backbencher , backbenches , front bench .

4. bench
In a court of law, the bench is the judge or magistrates.

- The chairman of the bench adjourned the case until October 27.

N-SING-COLL: the N

5. bench
If someone serves on the bench , they work as a judge or magistrate.

- Allgood served on the bench for more than 50 years.

N-SING: the N

6. bench
If a member of a sports team is on the bench for a particular match, he or she waits at the side of the field until the manager tells them to play. (JOURNALISM)

- Ian Ferguson was preferred to Stuart McCall, who was on the bench.

N-SING: the N

bench

noun

1.

seat

form

pew

settle

stall

2.

worktable

board

counter

table

trestle table

workbench

the bench

3.

court

courtroom

judges

judiciary

magistrates

tribunal

benchmark

[D.J.:ˈbentʃˌmɑ:k]

[K.K.:ˈbɛntʃˌmɑrk]

基准

benchmark *

benchmark benchmarks
A benchmark is something whose quality or quantity is known and which can therefore be used as a standard with which other things can be compared.

- The truck industry is a benchmark for the economy.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N for n also bench mark .
= yardstick

benchmark

noun

reference point

criterion

gauge

level

measure

model

norm

par

standard

yardstick

benchmarking

(企业管理上的)标杆学习

benchmarking

benchmarking
In business, benchmarking is a process in which a company compares its products and methods with those of the most successful companies in its field, in order to try to improve its own performance.
N-UNCOUNT

bend

[D.J.:bend]

[K.K.:bɛnd]

vt. & vi.

(使)弯曲; 屈身

n.

弯曲(处)

bending

[ˈbendiŋ]

n.

弯曲(度),挠度

bends

[bendz]

n.

潜函病

bent

[D.J.:bent]

[K.K.:bɛnt]

adj.

弯的

决心的,决意的

正在往某地去的

<俚>不老实的；不正派的；腐败的

<俚>发疯的；古怪的

不正常的；搞同性恋的

(物品)偷来的

n.

倾向, 爱好

排架；横向构架

苇草；荒地

草茎；草梗

bend ***

1. bend bends bending bent
When you bend , you move the top part of your body downwards and forwards. Plants and trees also bend .

- I bent over and kissed her cheek.

- Turn the pot if the plants show signs of bending towards the light.

- She bent and picked up a plastic bucket.

- She was bent over the sink washing the dishes.

VB

2. bend bends bending bent
When you bend your head, you move your head forwards and downwards.

- Rick appeared, bending his head a little to clear the top of the door.

VB

3. bend bends bending bent
When you bend a part of your body such as your arm or leg, or when it bends , you change its position so that it is no longer straight.

- These cruel devices are designed to stop prisoners bending their legs.

- As you walk faster, you will find the arms bend naturally and more quickly.

V-ERG

4. bent

- Keep your knees slightly bent.

ADJ-GRADED

5. bend bends bending bent
If you bend something that is flat or straight, you use force to make it curved or to put an angle in it.

- Bend the bar into a horseshoe.

- She'd cut a jagged hole in the tin, bending a knife in the process.

VB
≠ straighten

6. bent

- ...a length of bent wire.

ADJ-GRADED

7. bend bends bending bent
When a road, beam of light, or other long thin thing bends or when something bends it, it changes direction to form a curve or angle.

- The road bent slightly to the right.

- Glass bends light of different colours by different amounts.

V-ERG

8. bend bends
A bend in a road, pipe, or other long thin object is a curve or angle in it.

- The crash occurred on a sharp bend.

- ...an historic town nestling in a bend of the river.

N-COUNT

9. bend bends bending bent
If someone bends to your wishes, they believe or do something different, usually when they do not want to.

- Congress has to bend to his will.

- Do you think she's likely to bend on her attitude to Europe?

VB

10. bend bends bending bent
If you bend rules or laws, you interpret them in a way that allows you to do something they would not normally allow you to do.

- A minority of officers were prepared to bend the rules.

VB

11. bend bends bending bent
If you bend the truth or bend the facts, you say something that is not exactly true.

- Invariably we are tempted to bend the truth a little in order to spare them the pain of discovering the real facts.

VB

12. bend
If you say that someone is bending over backwards to be helpful or kind, you are emphasizing that they are trying very hard to be helpful or kind.

- People are bending over backwards to please customers.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to-inf emphasis

13. bend
If you say that someone or something drives you round the bend , you mean that you dislike them and they annoy or upset you very much. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- And can you make that tea before your fidgeting drives me completely round the bend.

PHR: V inflects feelings

14. bend
If you say that someone is round the bend , you mean that they do foolish or silly things. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- People thought I was round the bend.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v
= mad ≠ sensible

bent **

1. Bent is the past tense and past participle of bend .

2. bent
If an object is bent , it is damaged and no longer has its correct shape.

- The trees were all bent and twisted from the wind.

ADJ-GRADED

3. bent
If a person is bent , their body has become curved because of old age or disease. (WRITTEN)

- ...a bent, frail, old man.

ADJ-GRADED
= hunched

4. bent
If someone is bent on doing something, especially something harmful, they are determined to do it.

- He's bent on suicide.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ on/upon n/-ing disapproval

5. bent
If you have a bent for something, you have a natural ability to do it or a natural interest in it.

- His bent for natural history directed him towards his first job.

N-SING: with supp, oft N for n
= flair

6. bent
If someone is of a particular bent , they hold a particular set of beliefs.

- ...economists of a socialist bent.

N-SING: adj N
= persuasion

7. bent
If you say that someone in a position of responsibility is bent , you mean that they are dishonest or do illegal things. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...this bent accountant.

ADJ-GRADED

8. bent
Homosexuals are sometimes described as bent . This use could cause offence. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
ADJ

9. bent
If someone is bent double , the top part of their body is leaning forward towards their legs, usually because they are in great pain or because they are laughing a lot. In American English, you can also say that someone is bent over double .

- He left the courtroom on the first day bent double with stomach pain.

PHR: oft PHR with/in n

bend

verb

1.

curve

arc

arch

bow

lean

turn

twist

veer

noun

2.

curve

angle

arc

arch

bow

corner

loop

turn

twist

bent

adjective Medical

1.

curved

angled

arched

bowed

crooked

hunched

stooped

twisted

bent on

2.

determined to

disposed to

fixed on

inclined to

insistent on

predisposed to

resolved on

set on

noun

3.

inclination

ability

aptitude

leaning

penchant

preference

propensity

tendency

bended

adj.

弯曲的

bended

bended
If you ask someone for something on bended knee , you ask them very seriously for it. (FORMAL)

- I almost begged him on bended knee to let the two accused men be tried in Scotland.

PHR: usu PHR after v

bender

[D.J.:ˈbendə]

[K.K.:ˈbɛndɚ]

n.

(一段时间)狂饮作乐, 大量吸毒

bender

bender benders
If someone goes on a bender , they drink a very large amount of alcohol. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu sing, usu on N

bendy

[ˈbendi]

adj.

易弯曲的,柔韧的

bendy

bendy bendier bendiest
A bendy object bends easily into a curved or angled shape.

- ...a bendy toy whose limbs bend in every direction.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= flexible

beneath

[D.J.:biˈni:θ]

[K.K.:bɪˈniθ]

prep.

在…的下方, 在…的底下

(表示状态)在…掩饰之下, 在…背面

(表示比较)不及, 次于

(表示环境)在…影响之下, 由于

(表示等级)低于, 不如, 在…之下

adv.

在下面, 在底下

beneath ***

1. beneath
Something that is beneath another thing is under the other thing.

- She could see the muscles of his shoulders beneath his T-shirt.

- She found pleasure in sitting beneath the trees.

- Four storeys of parking beneath the theatre was not enough.

- ...the frozen grass crunching beneath his feet.

PREP
= under ≠ above

2. beneath
Also an adverb.

- On a shelf beneath he spotted a photo album.

- ...aeroplanes roaring above, subways rattling beneath.

ADV: n ADV, ADV after v
= below ≠ above

3. beneath
If you talk about what is beneath the surface of something, you are talking about the aspects of it which are hidden or not obvious.

- ...emotional strains beneath the surface...

- Somewhere deep beneath the surface lay a caring character.

- Beneath the festive mood there is an underlying apprehension.

PREP
= under

4. beneath
If you say that someone or something is beneath you, you feel that they are not good enough for you or not suitable for you.

- They decided she was marrying beneath her.

- Many find themselves having to take jobs far beneath them.

PREP

beneath

preposition

1.

under

below

lower than

underneath

2.

inferior to

below

less than

3.

unworthy of

unbefitting

adverb

4.

underneath

below

in a lower place

Benedictine

[D.J.:ˌbeniˈdiktain]

[K.K.:ˌbɛnɪˈdɪktɪn, -ˌtin]

n.

本笃会的僧,一种甜酒

adj.

本笃的,本笃会的

Benedictine

Benedictine Benedictines
A Benedictine is a monk or nun who is a member of a Christian religious community that follows the rule of St. Benedict.

- ...the famous Benedictine abbey of St Mary.

N-COUNT: oft N n

benediction

[D.J.:ˌbenɪˈdɪkʃən]

[K.K.:ˌbɛnɪˈdɪkʃən]

n.

祝福

(礼拜结束时的)赐福祈祷

(大写)(罗马天主教)祈求上帝赐福的仪式

恩赐;幸事

benedictory

adj.

benedictory

adj.

祝福的,感谢的

benediction

1. benediction benedictions
A benediction is a kind of Christian prayer. (FORMAL)

- The minister pronounced the benediction.

- The Pope's hands were raised in benediction.

N-VAR
= blessing

2. benediction benedictions
You can refer to something that makes people feel protected and at peace as a benediction .

- She could only raise her hand in a gesture of benediction.

- The song hovered, like a whispered benediction, above the crowd.

N-VAR

benefactor

[D.J.:ˈbenəˌfæktə]

[K.K.:ˈbɛnəˌfæktɚ]

n.

捐助者,施主

恩人

benefactor *

benefactor benefactors
A benefactor is a person who helps a person or organization by giving them money.

- In his old age he became a benefactor of the arts.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= patron

benefactor

noun

supporter

backer

donor

helper

patron

philanthropist

sponsor

well-wisher

beneficent

[D.J.:biˈnefisənt]

[K.K.:bəˈnɛfɪsənt]

adj.

行善的

仁慈的, 慈爱的

beneficent

beneficent
A beneficent person or thing helps people or results in something good. (FORMAL)

- In 1909 nuns were running more than 1,000 beneficent institutions.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

beneficial

[D.J.:ˌbeniˈfiʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl]

adj.

有益的, 有利的

beneficial **

beneficial
Something that is beneficial helps people or improves their lives.

- ...vitamins which are beneficial to our health...

- Using computers has a beneficial effect on children's learning.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

beneficial

adjective

helpful

advantageous

benign

favourable

profitable

useful

valuable

wholesome

beneficiary

[D.J.:ˌbenəˈfɪʃi:ˌeri:, -ˈfɪʃəri:]

[K.K.:ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃiˌɛri, -ˈfɪʃəri]

n.

受益者;受惠者

受俸牧师,受俸神职人员

adj.

受圣俸的

拥有封地的

beneficiary *

1. beneficiary beneficiaries
Someone who is a beneficiary of something is helped by it.

- The main beneficiaries of pension equality so far have been men.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= recipient

2. beneficiary beneficiaries
The beneficiaries of a will legally receive money or property from someone when that person dies.
N-COUNT

beneficiary

noun

recipient

heir

inheritor

payee

receiver

benefit

[D.J.:ˈbenifit]

[K.K.:ˈbɛnəfɪt]

vt. & vi.

有益于, 得益

n.

益处, 好处

救济金, 保险金

benefit ****

1. benefit benefits
The benefit of something is the help that you get from it or the advantage that results from it.

- Each family farms individually and reaps the benefit of its labor.

- I'm a great believer in the benefits of this form of therapy.

- For maximum benefit, use your treatment every day.

N-VAR: oft N of n
= advantage profit

2. benefit
If something is to your benefit or is of benefit to you, it helps you or improves your life.

- This could now work to Albania's benefit.

- I hope what I have written will be of benefit to someone else who may feel the same way.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss, of N to n
= advantage

3. benefit benefits benefiting benefited
If you benefit from something or if it benefits you, it helps you or improves your life.

- Both sides have benefited from the talks.

- ...a variety of government programs benefiting children.

V-ERG The forms benefitting and benefitted are also used.
= profit

4. benefit
If you have the benefit of some information, knowledge, or equipment, you are able to use it so that you can achieve something.

- Steve didn't have the benefit of a formal college education.

- With the benefit of hindsight, it is clear we ought to have done more.

- This remarkable achievement took place without the benefit of our modern telecommunication industry.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n
= advantage

5. benefit benefits
Benefit is money that is given by the government to people who are poor, ill, or unemployed.

- ...the removal of benefit from school-leavers...

- I was told that in order to get benefit payments I would have to answer some questions.

N-VAR

6. benefit benefits
A benefit , or a benefit concert or dinner, is an event that is held in order to raise money for a particular charity or person.

- I am organising a benefit gig in Bristol to raise these funds.

N-COUNT: oft N n

7. benefit
If you give someone the benefit of the doubt , you treat them as if they are telling the truth or as if they have behaved properly, even though you are not sure that this is the case.

- At first I gave him the benefit of the doubt.

- Shalford is entitled to the benefit of the doubt.

PHR: usu PHR after v

8. benefit
If you say that someone is doing something for the benefit of a particular person, you mean that they are doing it for that person.

- You need people working for the benefit of the community.

- He doesn't have to go through this elaborate display for my benefit!

PHR: PHR after v

benefit

noun

1.

help

advantage

aid

asset

assistance

favour

good

profit

verb

2.

help

aid

assist

avail

enhance

further

improve

profit

Benelux

[D.J.:ˈbenilʌks]

[K.K.:ˈbɛnəˌlʌks]

n.

比利时、荷兰、卢森堡经济联盟,全称Benelux Economic Union

Benelux

Benelux
The Benelux countries are Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.
ADJ: ADJ n

benevolence

[D.J.:bəˈnevələns]

[K.K.:bəˈnɛvələns]

n.

仁慈,善心,善意

善举,恩惠;捐赠

<史>恩税(旧时英王向民间征收的一种税金)

benevolent

[D.J.:biˈnevələnt]

[K.K.:bəˈnɛvələnt]

adj.

好心肠的; 与人为善的

行善的, 慈善的

benevolently

[D.J.:bɪˈnevələntlɪ]

[K.K.:bɪˈn ɛvələntlɪ]

adv.

仁慈地;行善地

benevolent *

1. benevolent
If you describe a person in authority as benevolent , you mean that they are kind and fair.

- The company has proved to be a most benevolent employer.

- They believe that the country needs a benevolent dictator.

ADJ-GRADED

2. benevolently

- Thorne nodded his understanding, smiling benevolently.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. benevolence

- A bit of benevolence from people in power is not what we need.

N-UNCOUNT

4. benevolent
Benevolent is used in the names of some organizations that give money and help to people who need it. (BRIT)

- ...the Army Benevolent Fund.

ADJ: ADJ n

benevolent

adjective

kind

altruistic

benign

caring

charitable

generous

philanthropic

Bengali

[D.J.:beŋˈɡɔ:li]

[K.K.:bɛnˈɡɔli, bɛŋ-]

n.

孟加拉人, 孟加拉国民, 孟加拉语

adj.

孟加拉人的, 孟加拉语的

Bengali ***

1. Bengali
Bengali means belonging or relating to Bengal, or to its people or language.

- She married a Bengali doctor.

ADJ

2. Bengali Bengalis
A Bengali is a person who comes from Bangladesh or West Bengal.
N-COUNT

3. Bengali
Bengali is the language that is spoken by people who live in Bangladesh and by many people in West Bengal.
N-UNCOUNT

benighted

[D.J.:bɪˈnaɪtɪd]

[K.K.:bɪˈnaɪtɪd]

adj.

(旅客等)赶路到黑的

无知的,蒙昧的

benighted

benighted
If you describe people or the place where they live as benighted , you think they are unfortunate or do not know anything. (LITERARY)

- The terrible circumstances of that benighted country may be too much for anyone to overcome.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n disapproval

benign

[D.J.:biˈnain]

[K.K.:bɪˈnaɪn]

adj.

善良的, 温和的

有利的

有益的

不严重的, 良性的

benignly

adv.

仁慈地,亲切地

benign *

1. benign
You use benign to describe someone who is kind, gentle, and harmless.

- They are normally a more benign audience.

- Critics of the scheme take a less benign view.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= charitable

2. benignly

- I just smiled benignly and stood back.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. benign
A benign substance or process does not have any harmful effects.

- We're taking relatively benign medicines and we're turning them into poisons.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. benign
A benign tumour will not cause death or serious harm. (MEDICAL)

- It wasn't cancer, only a benign tumour.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ malignant

5. benign
Benign conditions are pleasant or make it easy for something to happen.

- They enjoyed an especially benign climate.

- This plunge came in a time of relatively benign economic conditions.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

6. benign
If you describe someone's approach to a problem as one of benign neglect , you disapprove of the fact that they are doing nothing and hoping that the problem will solve itself.

- America and Japan have settled back into a policy of benign neglect of their currencies.

PHR disapproval

benign

adjective

1.

kindly

amiable

friendly

genial

kind

obliging

sympathetic

2.

harmless

curable

remediable

benzene

[D.J.:ˈbenˌzi:n, benˈzi:n]

[K.K.:ˈbɛnˌzin, bɛnˈzin]

n.

苯

benzene

benzene
Benzene is a clear, colourless liquid which is used to make plastics.
N-UNCOUNT

bequeath

[D.J.:bɪˈkwi:ð, -ˈkwi:θ]

[K.K.:bɪˈkwið, -ˈkwiθ]

vt.

将…遗赠给

将(知识等)传给(后人)

bequeath *

1. bequeath bequeaths bequeathing bequeathed
If you bequeath your money or property to someone, you legally state that they should have it when you die. (FORMAL)

- Fields's will bequeathed his wife Hattie and son Claude the sum of twenty thousand dollars.

- He bequeathed all his silver to his children.

VB
= leave

2. bequeath bequeaths bequeathing bequeathed
If you bequeath an idea or system, you leave it for other people to use or develop. (FORMAL)

- He bequeaths his successor an economy that is doing quite well.

- It is true that colonialism did not bequeath much to Africa.

VB

bequeath

verb

leave

bestow

endow

entrust

give

grant

hand down

impart

pass on

will

bequest

[D.J.:bɪˈkwest]

[K.K.:bɪˈkwɛst]

n.

遗赠

遗产，遗赠物

bequest

bequest bequests
A bequest is money or property which you legally leave to someone when you die.

- The church here was left a bequest to hire doctors who would work amongst the poor.

N-COUNT

bequest

noun

legacy

bestowal

endowment

estate

gift

inheritance

settlement

berate

[D.J.:bɪˈreɪt]

[K.K.:bɪˈret]

vt.

严厉责备,痛斥

berate *

berate berates berating berated
If you berate someone, you speak to them angrily about something they have done wrong. (FORMAL)

- Marion berated Joe for the noise he made.

VB
= chide

berate

verb

scold

castigate

censure

chide

criticize

harangue

rebuke

reprimand

reprove

tell off informal

upbraid

Berber

[D.J.:ˈbə:bə]

[K.K.:ˈbɚbɚ]

n.

(北非)柏柏尔人,柏柏尔语

adj.

柏柏尔人的

Berber

1. Berber
Berber means belonging or relating to a particular Muslim people in North Africa, or to their language or customs.

- A Berber rug makes a colourful wall-hanging.

ADJ

2. Berber Berbers
A Berber is a person from the Berber community.
N-COUNT

bereaved

[D.J.:biˈri:vd]

[K.K.:bɪˈrivd]

adj.

刚刚丧失亲人的

bereaved *

1. bereaved
A bereaved person is one who has a relative or close friend who has recently died.

- Mr Dinkins visited the bereaved family to offer comfort.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. bereaved
The bereaved are people who are bereaved.

- He wanted to show his sympathy for the bereaved.

N-PLURAL: the N

bereavement

[D.J.:bɪˈri:vmənt]

n.

亲人丧亡；丧失亲人,丧亲之痛

bereavement *

bereavement bereavements
Bereavement is the sorrow you feel or the state you are in when a relative or close friend dies.

- When Mary died Anne did not share her brother's sense of bereavement.

- ...those who have suffered a bereavement.

N-VAR
= loss

bereavement

noun

loss

affliction

death

deprivation

misfortune

tribulation

bereft

[D.J.:bɪˈreft]

[K.K.:bɪˈrɛft]

adj.

失去(某种能力或性质)；缺少…的

失去亲人的

bereft *

bereft
If a person or thing is bereft of something, they no longer have it. (FORMAL)

- The place seemed to be utterly bereft of human life.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ of n

bereft

adjective

deprived

devoid

lacking

parted from

robbed of

wanting

beret

[D.J.:ˈberei]

[K.K.:bəre, ˈbɛrˌe]

n.

贝雷帽

beret *

beret berets
A beret is a circular, flat hat that is made of soft material and has no brim.
N-COUNT

berk

n.

傻瓜

berk

berk berks
If you call someone a berk , you think they are stupid or irritating. (BRIT, INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT disapproval

berry

[D.J.:ˈberi:]

[K.K.:ˈbɛri]

n.

浆果

(葡萄,番茄等)浆果

干果仁;干种子

(龙虾等的)卵

vi.

结浆果

采浆果

berry **

berry berries
Berries are small, round fruit that grow on a bush or a tree. Some berries are edible, for example blackberries and raspberries.
N-COUNT

berserk

[D.J.:bəˈsɜ:k, -ˈzɜ:k]

[K.K.:bɚˈsə..k, -ˈzə..k]

adj. &adv.

狂暴的(地)；狂怒的(地)

berserk

1. berserk
Berserk means crazy and out of control.

- He tossed back his head in a howl of berserk laughter.

ADJ-GRADED
= mad

2. berserk
If someone or something goes berserk , they lose control of themselves and become very angry or violent.

- When I saw him I went berserk.

PHR: V inflects
= go mad

berserk

adverb

crazy

amok

enraged

frantic

frenzied

mad

raging

wild

berth

[D.J.:bɜ:θ]

[K.K.:bə..θ]

n.

(船、列车等的)卧铺

(船舶的)停泊位或锚位

船台

<口>差事;职位

give sb/sth a wide berth

对…避而远之；退避三舍

vt.

使停泊

为...提供铺位

vi.

停泊

占铺位

berthing

停泊地;船边或隔间的钢板

berth *

1. berth
If you give someone or something a wide berth , you avoid them because you think they are unpleasant, or dangerous, or simply because you do not like them.

- More experienced hands in the Mission had given Miss Pickerstaff a wide berth that morning.

- She gives showbiz parties a wide berth.

PHR: V inflects

2. berth berths
A berth is a bed on a boat, train, or caravan.

- Goldring booked a berth on the first boat he could.

N-COUNT

3. berth berths
A berth is a space in a harbour where a ship stays for a period of time.
N-COUNT
= mooring

4. berth berths berthing berthed
When a ship berths , it sails into harbour and stops at the quay.

- As the ship berthed in New York, McClintock was with the first immigration officers aboard.

VB

5. berthed

- There the Gripsholm was berthed next to another ship.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ prep

berth

noun

1.

bunk

bed

billet

hammock

2.

anchorage

dock

harbour

haven

pier

port

quay

wharf

verb

3.

anchor

dock

drop anchor

land

moor

tie up

beseech

[D.J.:bɪˈsi:tʃ]

[K.K.:bɪˈsitʃ]

vt.

恳求；乞求(某事物)

beseeching

adj.

恳求似的

beseechingly

adv.

恳求地

beseech

beseech beseeches beseeching beseeched
If you beseech someone to do something, you ask them very eagerly and anxiously. (LITERARY)

- She beseeched him to cut his drinking and his smoking.

- `How are we going to pay for all those planes we ordered?' they beseeched Mr Ryan.

VB
= beg

beseeching

1. beseeching
A beseeching expression, gesture, or tone of voice suggests that the person who has or makes it very much wants someone to do something. (WRITTEN)

- She clung to him and looked up into his face with beseeching eyes.

ADJ-GRADED
= imploring

2. beseechingly

- Hugh looked at his father beseechingly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

beseech

verb Nautical

beg

ask

call upon

entreat

implore

plead

pray

solicit

beset

[D.J.:bɪˈset]

[K.K.:bɪˈsɛt]

vt.

困扰;不断围攻

镶,嵌

besetting

[D.J.:biˈsetiŋ]

[K.K.:bɪˈsɛtɪŋ]

adj.

不断攻击的

beset *

beset besets besetting
If someone or something is beset by problems or fears, they have many problems or fears which affect them severely.

- The country is beset by severe economic problems.

- The discussions were beset with difficulties.

- ...the problems now besetting the country.

VB The form beset is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

beset

verb

plague

bedevil

harass

pester

trouble

beside

[D.J.:biˈsaid]

[K.K.:bɪˈsaɪd]

prep.

(表示位置)在…旁边

(表示比较)与…相比

(表示排斥)除…之外

(表示关系)与…无关, 与…相差甚远

beside ***

1. beside
Something that is beside something else is at the side of it or next to it.

- On the table beside an empty plate was a pile of books.

- I moved from behind my desk to sit beside her.

PREP
= next to by

See also besides .

2. beside
If you are beside yourself with anger or excitement, you are extremely angry or excited.

- He had shouted down the phone at her, beside himself with anxiety.

- Cathy was beside herself with excitement.

PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR with n
beside the point : see point .

beside

preposition

1.

next to

abreast of

adjacent to

alongside

at the side of

close to

near

nearby

neighbouring

beside oneself

2.

distraught

apoplectic

at the end of one's tether

demented

desperate

frantic

frenzied

out of one's mind

unhinged

besides

[D.J.:biˈsaidz]

[K.K.:bɪˈsaɪdz]

adv.

而且, 还有

prep.

(表示排斥)除…之外(还有)

besides ***

1. besides
Besides something or beside something means in addition to it.

- I think she has many good qualities besides being very beautiful.

- There was only one person besides Ford who knew Julia Jameson.

PREP: oft PREP -ing
= apart from

2. besides
Also an adverb.

- You get to sample lots of baked things and take home masses of cookies besides.

ADV: cl ADV

3. besides
Besides is used to emphasize an additional point that you are making, especially one that you consider to be important.

- The house was out of our price range and too big anyway. Besides, I'd grown fond of our little rented house.

ADV: ADV with cl, not last in cl

besides

adverb

1.

too

also

as well

further

furthermore

in addition

into the bargain

moreover

otherwise

what's more

preposition

2.

apart from

barring

excepting

excluding

in addition to

other than

over and above

without

besiege

[D.J.:biˈsi:dʒ]

[K.K.:bɪˈsidʒ]

vt.

包围; 围困; 围攻

besieged

v.

包围,围绕,使烦恼

besiege **

1. besiege besieges besieging besieged
If you are besieged by people, many people want something from you and continually bother you.

- She was besieged by the press and the public.

VB: usu passive

2. besiege besieges besieging besieged
If soldiers besiege a place, they surround it and wait for the people in it to stop fighting or resisting.

- The main part of the army moved to Sevastopol to besiege the town.

- The Afghan air force was using helicopters to supply the besieged town.

VB

besiege

verb

1.

surround

blockade

encircle

hem in

lay siege to

shut in

2.

harass

badger

harry

hassle informal

hound

nag

pester

plague

besmirch

[D.J.:bɪˈsmɜ:tʃ]

[K.K.:bɪˈsmə..tʃ]

vt.

弄脏,玷污；丑化, 糟蹋(名誉等)

besmirch

besmirch besmirches besmirching besmirched
If you besmirch someone or their reputation, you say that they are a bad person or that they have done something wrong, usually when this is not true. (LITERARY)

- Lawyers can besmirch reputations and disrupt social harmony.

VB
= defame

besotted

[biˈsɔ:tid]

adj.

愚蠢的,糊涂的

besotted

besotted
If you are besotted with someone or something, you like them so much that you seem foolish or silly.

- He became so besotted with her that even his children were forgotten.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n
= infatuated

besotted

adjective

infatuated

doting

hypnotized

smitten

spellbound

bespeak

[D.J.:bɪˈspi:k]

[K.K.:bɪˈspik]

vt.

预定

预先请求; 预示, 预言; 指出

订(货)

证明；表示

bespoke

[D.J.:biˈspəuk]

[K.K.:bɪˈspok]

预约,预订,显示

bespoken

[D.J.:bɪˈspəʊkən]

[K.K.:bɪˈspokən]

v.

预约,预订,显示

bespeak

bespeak bespeaks bespeaking bespoke bespoken
If someone's action or behaviour bespeaks a particular quality, feeling, or experience, it shows that quality, feeling, or experience. (OLD-FASHIONED, LITERARY)

- The tone of his text bespeaks a certain tiredness.

VB
= denote

bespoke

1. bespoke
A bespoke craftsman such as a tailor makes and sells things that are specially made for the customer who ordered them. (BRIT, FORMAL)

- Habits made by a bespoke tailor are an expensive item.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. bespoke
Bespoke things such as clothes have been specially made for the customer who ordered them. (BRIT, FORMAL)

- In the basement fifteen employees are busy making bespoke coats.

ADJ: ADJ n

bespectacled

[D.J.:bɪˈspektəkəld]

[K.K.:bɪˈspɛktəkəld]

adj.

戴眼镜的

bespectacled

bespectacled
Someone who is bespectacled is wearing glasses. (WRITTEN)

- Mr Merrick was a slim, quiet, bespectacled man.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

best

[D.J.:best]

[K.K.:bɛst]

adj.

最好的

adv.

最好地

最, 最大程度地

n.

最好的东西; 最好的人

最重要的优越性, 最重要的方面

better

[D.J.:ˈbetə]

[K.K.:ˈbɛtɚ]

adj.

有好转的

更好的

adv.

更好地

更

vt.

改善; 提高

n.

更好者; 较优越者

前辈; 长者; 上级

good

[D.J.:ɡud]

[K.K.:ɡʊd]

adj.

良好的, 令人满意的, 正当的, 适宜的, 令人愉快的

有用的, 合适的; 有益的

好的; 新鲜的; 有效的

漂亮的, 有吸引力的

聪明的; 精通的; 熟练的

有道德的; 心地善良的, 助人为乐的

充分的, 彻底的

相当大的

n.

有道德的事, 善

好处, 利益

best *****

1. best
Best is the superlative of good .

- If you want further information the best thing to do is have a word with the driver as you get on the bus.

- It's not the best place to live if you wish to develop your knowledge and love of mountains.

2. best
Best is the superlative of well .

- James Fox is best known as the author of White Mischief, and he is currently working on a new book.

3. best
The best is used to refer to things of the highest quality or standard.

- We offer only the best to our clients.

- He'll have the best of care.

N-SING: the N
≠ worst

4. best
Someone's best is the greatest effort or highest achievement or standard that they are capable of.

- Miss Blockey was at her best when she played the piano.

- One needs to be a first-class driver to get the best out of that sort of machinery.

N-SING: oft poss N

5. best
If you say that something is the best that can be done or hoped for, you think it is the most pleasant, successful, or useful thing that can be done or hoped for.

- A draw seems the best they can hope for.

- The best we can do is try to stay cool and muddle through.

N-SING: the N

6. best
If you like something best or like it the best , you prefer it.

- The thing I liked best about the show was the music.

- Mother liked it best when Daniel got money.

- What was the role you loved the best?

ADV-SUPERL: ADV after v, oft the ADV
= most

7. best
Best is used to form the superlative of compound adjectives beginning with `good' and `well'. For example, the superlative of `well-known' is `best-known'.

8. best
You can say ` All the best ' when you are saying goodbye to someone, or at the end of a letter.

- Wish him all the best, and tell him we miss him.

CONVENTION formulae

9. best
You use best of all to indicate that what you are about to mention is the thing that you prefer or that has most advantages out of all the things you have mentioned.

- It was comfortable and cheap: best of all, most of the rent was being paid by two American friends.

PHR: PHR with cl/group

10. best
If someone does something as best they can , they do it as well as they can, although it is very difficult.

- The older people were left to carry on as best they could.

PHR: V inflects, PHR after v

11. best
You use at best to indicate that even if you describe something as favourably as possible or if it performs as well as it possibly can, it is still not very good.

- This policy, they say, is at best confused and at worst non-existent.

- At best they were effective as antidepressants for no more than four months.

PHR: PHR with cl/group
≠ at worst

12. best
If you do your best or try your best to do something, you try as hard as you can to do it, or do it as well as you can.

- I'll do my best to find out.

- It wasn't her fault, she was trying her best to help.

- It's a Championship fight --- do your best.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR to-inf

13. best
If you say that something is for the best , you mean it is the most desirable or helpful thing that could have happened or could be done, considering all the circumstances.

- In the long run, it was for the best.

- Whatever the circumstances, parents are supposed to know what to do for the best.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

14. best
If two people are the best of friends , they are close friends, especially when they have had a disagreement or fight in the past.

- Magda is now married to George Callerby and we are the best of friends.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

15. best
If you say that someone had best do something or that they 'd best do it, you mean they ought to do it. Some people consider this to be non-standard.

- You'd best take a look.

PHR-MODAL
= had better

16. best
If you say that a particular person knows best , you mean that they have a lot of experience and should therefore be trusted to make decisions for other people.

- He was convinced that doctors and dentists knew best.

PHR: V inflects

17. best
If you look your best , you are looking as smart and attractive as you can.

- I made sure I was very clean and looking my best.

PHR: V inflects

18. best
If you make the best of something, you accept an unsatisfactory situation cheerfully and try to manage as well as you can. In British English, you can also say that you make the best of a bad job .

- She instilled in the children the virtues of good hard work, and making the best of what you have.

PHR: V inflects

good *****

1. good better best
Good means pleasant or enjoyable.

- We had a really good time together.

- I know they would have a better life here.

- There's nothing better than a good cup of hot coffee.

- It's so good to hear your voice after all this time.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ bad

2. good better best
Good means of a high quality, standard, or level.

- Exercise is just as important to health as good food.

- His parents wanted Raymond to have the best possible education.

- The train's average speed was no better than that of our bicycles.

- ...good quality furniture.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ poor

3. good better best
If you are good at something, you are skilful and successful at doing it.

- He was very good at his work.

- I'm not very good at singing.

- He is one of the best players in the world.

- I always played football with my older brother because I was good for my age.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ at n/-ing
≠ bad poor

4. good better best
If you describe a piece of news, an action, or an effect as good , you mean that it is likely to result in benefit or success.

- On balance biotechnology should be good news for developing countries.

- I had the good fortune to be selected.

- This is not a good example to set other children.

- I think the response was good.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ bad

5. good better best
A good idea, reason, method, or decision is a sensible or valid one.

- They thought it was a good idea to make some offenders do community service.

- There is good reason to doubt this.

- Could you give me some advice on the best way to do this?

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= sound valid ≠ bad poor

6. good better best
If you say that it is good that something should happen or good to do something, you mean it is desirable, acceptable, or right.

- I think it's good that some people are going.

- It is always best to choose organically grown foods if possible.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ that/to-inf
≠ bad

7. good better best
A good estimate or indication of something is an accurate one.

- We have a fairly good idea of what's going on.

- This is a much better indication of what a school is really like.

- Laboratory tests are not always a good guide to what happens in the world.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ poor

8. good better best
If you get a good deal or a good price when you buy or sell something, you receive a lot in exchange for what you give.

- Whether such properties are a good deal will depend on individual situations.

- The merchandise is reasonably priced and offers exceptionally good value.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

9. good better best
If something is good for a person or organization, it benefits them.

- Rain water was once considered to be good for the complexion.

- Nancy chose the product because it is better for the environment.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ for n
= beneficial ≠ bad

10. good
If something is done for the good of a person or organization, it is done in order to benefit them.

- Furlaud urged him to resign for the good of the country.

- Victims want to see justice done not just for themselves, but for the greater good of society.

- I'm only telling you this for your own good!

N-SING: with poss
= benefit

11. good
If someone or something is no good or is not any good , they are not satisfactory or are of a low standard.

- If the weather's no good then I won't take any pictures.

- I was never any good at maths.

N-UNCOUNT: with brd-neg

12. good
If you say that doing something is no good or does not do any good , you mean that doing it is not of any use or will not bring any success.

- It's no good worrying about it now.

- We gave them water and kept them warm, but it didn't do any good.

- There is no way to measure these effects; the chances are it did some good.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with brd-neg

13. good
Good is what is considered to be right according to moral standards or religious beliefs.

- Good and evil may co-exist within one family.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ evil

14. good better best
Someone who is good is morally correct in their attitudes and behaviour.

- The president is a good man.

- For me to think I'm any better than a homeless person on the street is ridiculous.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ bad evil

15. good better best
Someone, especially a child, who is good obeys rules and instructions and behaves in a socially correct way.

- The children were very good.

- I'm going to be a good boy now.

- Both boys had good manners, politely shaking hands.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ bad

16. good better best
Someone who is good is kind and thoughtful.

- You are good to me.

- Her good intentions were thwarted almost immediately.

- Just ask the Admiral if he will be good enough to drop me a note.

ADJ-GRADED

17. good better best
Someone who is in a good mood is cheerful and pleasant to be with.

- People were in a pretty good mood.

- He exudes natural charm and good humour.

- A relaxation session may put you in a better frame of mind.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ bad

18. good better best
If people are good friends, they get on well together and are very close.

- She and Gavin are good friends.

- She's my best friend, and I really love her.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

19. good
A person's good eye, arm, or leg is the one that is healthy and strong, if the other one is injured or weak.

- He turned his good eye on me and laughed.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ bad

20. good
You use good to emphasize the great extent or degree of something.

- We waited a good fifteen minutes.

- This whole thing's got a good bit more dangerous.

ADJ: a ADJ n emphasis

21. good
You say ` Good ' or ` Very good ' to express pleasure, satisfaction, or agreement with something that has been said or done, especially when you are in a position of authority.

- `Are you all right?' --- `I'm fine.' --- `Good. So am I.'.

- Oh good, Tom's just come in.

- `Strike Force Three are here, sir.' --- `Good.'

CONVENTION

22. good
` As good as ' can be used to mean `almost.'

- His career is as good as over.

- The vote as good as kills the chance of real reform.

PHR: v-link PHR adj/-ed/v
= practically

23. good
If you do something for the common good , you do it for the benefit or advantage of everyone.

- ...communities working together for the common good...

- Many of them placed self-interest before the common good.

PHR: oft for PHR

24. good
If you say that something will do someone good , you mean that it will benefit them or improve them.

- The outing will do me good.

- It's probably done you good to get away for a few hours.

- You don't do anybody any good by getting yourself arrested.

PHR: V inflects, oft it PHR if/to-inf

25. good
If something changes or disappears for good , it never changes back or comes back as it was before.

- The days of big-time racing at Herne Hill had gone for good.

- A few shots of this drug cleared up the disease for good.

PHR: PHR after v

26. good
People say ` Good for you ' to express approval of your actions.

- `He has a girl now, who he lives with.' --- `Good for him.'

CONVENTION feelings

27. good
If someone is good for something, you can rely on them to provide that thing.

- Joe was always good for a colorful quote.

- She heard her father shouting that her mother was stupid, useless, and good for nothing but her money.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

28. good
If you say it's a good thing , or in British English it's a good job , that something is the case, you mean that it is fortunate.

- It's a good thing you aren't married.

- It's a good job it happened here rather than on the open road.

PHR: V inflects

29. good
If you make good some damage, a loss, or a debt, you try to repair the damage, replace what has been lost, or repay the debt.

- It may cost several billion roubles to make good the damage.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= put right

30. good
If someone makes good a threat or promise or makes good on it, they do what they have threatened or promised to do. (mainly AM)

- Certain that he was going to make good his threat to kill her now, Darlene brandished the gun.

- He was confident the allies would make good on their pledges.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n, PHR on n

31. good
If someone makes good , they become successful, famous, or rich.

- Both men are poor boys made good.

PHR: V inflects

32. good
If you say that something or someone is as good as new , you mean that they are in a very good condition or state, especially after they have been damaged or ill.

- I only ever use that on special occasions so it's as good as new.

- In a day or so he will be as good as new.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

33. good
You use good old before the name of a person, place, or thing when you are referring to them in an affectionate way.

- Good old Harry. Reliable to the end.

- There is nothing wrong with good old cauliflower cheese.

PHR: PHR n feelings

34. good
If you say that someone is living the good life , you mean that they are living in comfort and luxury with few problems or worries.
PHR

best

adjective

1.

finest

foremost

leading

most excellent

outstanding

pre-eminent

principal

supreme

unsurpassed

adverb

2.

most highly

extremely

greatly

most deeply

most fully

noun

3.

finest

cream

crème de la crème

elite

flower

pick

prime

top

better

adjective

1.

superior

excelling

finer

greater

higher-quality

more desirable

preferable

surpassing

2.

well

cured

fully recovered

on the mend informal

recovering

stronger

adverb

3.

in a more excellent manner

in a superior way

more advantageously

more attractively

more competently

more effectively

4.

to a greater degree

more completely

more thoroughly

verb

5.

improve

enhance

further

raise

good

adjective

1.

pleasing

acceptable

admirable

excellent

fine

first-class

first-rate

great

satisfactory

splendid

superior

2.

praiseworthy

admirable

ethical

honest

honourable

moral

righteous

trustworthy

upright

virtuous

worthy

3.

expert

able

accomplished

adept

adroit

clever

competent

proficient

skilled

talented

4.

beneficial

advantageous

convenient

favourable

fitting

helpful

profitable

suitable

useful

wholesome

5.

kind

altruistic

benevolent

charitable

friendly

humane

kind-hearted

kindly

merciful

obliging

6.

valid

authentic

bona fide

genuine

legitimate

proper

real

true

7.

well-behaved

dutiful

obedient

orderly

polite

well-mannered

8.

full

adequate

ample

complete

considerable

extensive

large

substantial

sufficient

noun

9.

benefit

advantage

gain

interest

profit

use

usefulness

welfare

wellbeing

10.

virtue

excellence

goodness

merit

morality

rectitude

right

righteousness

worth

for good

11.

permanently

finally

for ever

irrevocably

once and for all

bestial

[D.J.:ˈbestiəl]

[K.K.:ˈbɛstʃəl, ˈbis-]

adj.

野蛮的

野兽的, 似野兽的

bestial

bestial
If you describe behaviour or a situation as bestial , you mean that it is very unpleasant or disgusting.

- A statement on Amman Radio spoke of bestial aggression and a horrible massacre.

- ...the bestial conditions into which the city has sunk.

ADJ-GRADED
= brutish depraved

bestial

adjective

brutal

barbaric

beastly

brutish

inhuman

savage

sordid

bestiality

[D.J.:ˌbestiˈæliti]

[K.K.:ˌbɛstʃiˈælɪti, ˌbis-]

n.

兽性; 残忍

人兽交合, 兽奸

bestiality

1. bestiality
Bestiality is disgusting behaviour. (FORMAL)

- It is difficult to believe that humans can behave with such bestiality towards other humans.

N-UNCOUNT

2. bestiality
Bestiality is sexual activity in which a person has sex with an animal.
N-UNCOUNT

best man *

best man
The best man at a wedding is the man who assists the bridegroom.
N-SING

bestow

[D.J.:biˈstəu]

[K.K.:bɪˈsto]

vt.

赠给; 授予

bestowing

[biˈstəuiŋ]

n.

砖窑中砖堆上层已烧透的砖

bestow *

bestow bestows bestowing bestowed
To bestow something on someone means to give or present it to them. (FORMAL)

- The Queen has bestowed a knighthood on him.

VB
= confer

bestow

verb

present

award

commit

give

grant

hand out

impart

lavish

bestridden

v.

bestride的过去分词

bestride

[D.J.:biˈstraid]

[K.K.:bɪˈstraɪd]

vt.

骑

高踞…之上, 横跨

bestrode

bestride的过去式

bestride

bestride bestrides bestriding bestrode bestridden
To bestride something means to be the most powerful and important person or thing in it. (LITERARY)

- IBM bestrode the industry, accounting for 38% of the industry's revenues.

VB

best seller *

best seller best sellers
A best seller is a book of which a great number of copies has been sold.
N-COUNT also bestseller .
= blockbuster

best-selling

[ˈbestˈseliŋ]

adj.

最畅销的,最红的

best-selling *

1. best-selling
A best-selling product such as a book is very popular and a large quantity of it has been sold.
ADJ: ADJ n also bestselling .

2. best-selling
A best-selling author is an author who has sold a very large number of copies of his or her book.
ADJ: ADJ n also bestselling .

bet

[bet]

n.

打赌

赌金, 赌注

vt. & vi.

打赌

肯定, 确信

betting

[ˈbetiŋ]

n.

打赌

bet ***

1. bet bets betting
If you bet on the result of a horse race, football game, or other event, you give someone a sum of money which they give you back with extra money if the result is what you predicted, or which they keep if it is not.

- Jockeys are forbidden to bet on the outcome of races.

- I bet £10 on a horse called Premonition.

- He bet them 500 pounds they would lose.

VB The form bet is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. bet bets
Also a noun.

- Do you always have a bet on the Grand National?

N-COUNT The form bet is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

3. betting

- ...his thousand-pound fine for illegal betting.

- ...betting shops.

N-UNCOUNT

4. bet bets
A bet is a sum of money which you give to someone when you bet.

- You can put a bet on almost anything these days.

N-COUNT The form bet is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

5. bet bets betting
If someone is betting that something will happen, they are hoping or expecting that it will happen. (JOURNALISM)

- The party is betting that the presidential race will turn into a battle for younger voters.

- People were betting on a further easing of credit conditions.

VB: only cont The form bet is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

6. bet
You use expressions such as ` I bet ', ` I'll bet ', and ` you can bet ' to indicate that you are sure something is true. (INFORMAL)

- I bet you were good at games when you were at school.

- I bet you anything you like he's a pimp.

- I'll bet they'll taste out of this world.

- You can bet she will be there.

PHR The form bet is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

7. bet
If you tell someone that something is a good bet , you are suggesting that it is the thing or course of action that they should choose. (INFORMAL)

- Textiles are a good bet for a country bent on industrialisation.

- Your best bet is to choose a guest house.

PHR The form bet is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

8. bet
If you say that it is a good bet or a safe bet that something is true or will happen, you are saying that it is extremely likely to be true or to happen. (INFORMAL)

- It is a safe bet that the current owners will not sell.

PHR: usu it v-link PHR that The form bet is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

9. bet
If you hedge your bets , you follow two courses of action to avoid making a decision between two things because you cannot decide which one is right.

- NASA is hedging its bets and adopting both strategies.

PHR: V inflects The form bet is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= play safe

10. bet
You use I bet or I'll bet in reply to a statement to show that you agree with it or that you expected it to be true, usually when you are annoyed or amused by it. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- `I'd like to ask you something,' I said. `I bet you would,' she grinned.

PHR: oft PHR that The form bet is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle feelings

11. bet
You can use my bet is or it's my bet to give your personal opinion about something, when you are fairly sure that you are right. (INFORMAL)

- My bet is that next year will be different.

- It's my bet that he's the guy behind this killing.

PHR The form bet is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

12. bet
If you say don't bet on something or I wouldn't bet on something, you mean that you do not think that something is true or will happen. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- `We'll never get a table in there' --- `Don't bet on it.'

PHR The form bet is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

13. bet
If you reply ` Do you want to bet? ' or ` Want a bet? ' to someone, you mean you are certain that what they have said is wrong. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- `Money can't buy happiness' --- `Want to bet?'

CONVENTION The form bet is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

14. bet
You use ` You bet ' or ` you bet your life ' to say yes in an emphatic way or to emphasize a reply or statement. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- `It's settled, then?' --- `You bet.'.

- `Are you afraid of snakes?' --- `You bet your life I'm afraid of snakes.'

PHR The form bet is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle emphasis

betting

betting
If you say the betting is that something will happen or is true, you are suggesting that it is very likely to happen or to be true.

- The betting is that the experience will make Japan more competitive still.

PHR: PHR that

bet

noun

1.

gamble

long shot

risk

speculation

stake

venture

wager

verb

2.

gamble

chance

hazard

risk

speculate

stake

venture

wager

beta blocker

beta blocker beta blockers
A beta blocker is a drug which is used to treat people who have high blood pressure or heart problems.
N-COUNT

bete noire

bete noire
If you refer to someone or something as your bete noire , you mean that you have a particular dislike for them or that they annoy you a great deal.

- Our real bete noire is the car boot sale.

N-SING: oft with poss (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) bête noire
= bugbear

betide

[D.J.:biˈtaid]

[K.K.:bɪˈtaɪd]

vi.

发生

betide

betide
If you say woe betide anyone who does a particular thing, you mean that something unpleasant will happen to them if they do it. (FORMAL)

- Woe betide anyone who got in his way.

PHR: PHR n

betoken

[D.J.:bɪˈtəʊkən]

[K.K.:bɪˈtokən]

vt.

预示，表示

betoken

betoken betokens betokening betokened
If something betokens something else, it is a sign of this thing. (FORMAL)

- His demeanour betokened embarrassment at his prosperity.

VB
= indicate signal

betoken

verb

indicate

bode

denote

promise

represent

signify

suggest

betray

[D.J.:biˈtrei]

[K.K.:bɪˈtre]

vt.

对…不忠, 背叛

出卖

泄露, 暴露, 表明

betrayer

n.

叛徒,背叛者

betray **

1. betray betrays betraying betrayed
If you betray someone who loves or trusts you, your actions hurt and disappoint them.

- When I tell someone I will not betray his confidence I keep my word.

- The President betrayed them when he went back on his promise not to raise taxes.

VB

2. betrayer betrayers

- She was her friend and now calls her a betrayer.

N-COUNT

3. betray betrays betraying betrayed
If someone betrays their country or their friends, they give information to an enemy, putting their country's security or their friends' safety at risk.

- They offered me money if I would betray my associates.

- The group were informers, and they betrayed the plan to the Germans.

VB

4. betrayer

- `Traitor!' she screamed. `Betrayer of England!'

N-COUNT

5. betray betrays betraying betrayed
If you betray an ideal or your principles, you say or do something which goes against those beliefs.

- We betray the ideals of our country when we support capital punishment.

VB
= renege on

6. betrayer

- Babearth regarded the middle classes as the betrayers of the Revolution.

N-COUNT

7. betray betrays betraying betrayed
If you betray a feeling or quality, you show it without intending to.

- She studied his face, but it betrayed nothing.

- He nodded his head instead of saying anything where his voice might betray him.

VB
≠ conceal

betray

verb

1.

be disloyal

be treacherous

be unfaithful

break one's promise

double-cross informal

inform on or against

sell out informal

stab in the back

2.

give away

disclose

divulge

expose

let slip

reveal

uncover

unmask

betrayal

[D.J.:bɪˈtreɪəl]

n.

(被)背叛,出卖

泄密

引诱

betrayal *

betrayal betrayals
A betrayal is an action which betrays someone or something, or the fact of being betrayed.

- She felt that what she had done was a betrayal of Patrick.

- He acknowledged the sense of betrayal by civil rights leaders.

N-VAR: oft N of n

betrayal

noun

1.

disloyalty

deception

double-cross informal

sell-out informal

treachery

treason

trickery

2.

giving away

disclosure

divulgence

revelation

betrothal

[D.J.:biˈtrəuðl]

[K.K.:bɪˈtroðəl, -ˈtrɔθəl]

n.

(古时用语)订婚

betrothal

betrothal betrothals
A betrothal is an agreement to be married. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-VAR

betrothed

[D.J.:biˈtrəuðd]

[K.K.:bɪˈtroðd, -ˈtrɔθt]

adj.

(古时用语)同某人订婚

n.

(古时用语)未婚夫, 未婚妻

betrothed

1. betrothed
If you are betrothed to someone, you have agreed to marry them. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- She was betrothed to his brother.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n

2. betrothed
Your betrothed is the person you are betrothed to.

- She is here without her betrothed.

N-SING: usu poss N

betters

n.

长辈;胜于己者

better *****

1. better
Better is the comparative of good .

2. better
Better is the comparative of well .

3. better
If you like one thing better than another, you like it more.

- I like your interpretation better than the one I was taught.

- I'd like nothing better than to join you girls.

- They liked it better when it rained.

ADV-COMPAR: ADV after v

4. better
If you are better after an illness or injury, you have recovered from it. If you feel better , you no longer feel so ill.

- He is much better now, he's fine.

- The doctors were saying there wasn't much hope of me getting better.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

5. better
You use had better or 'd better when you are advising, warning, or threatening someone, or expressing an opinion about what should happen.

- It's half past two. I think we had better go home.

- You'd better run if you're going to get your ticket.

- He'd better not try to fool me.

PHR-MODAL

6. In spoken English, people sometimes use better without `had' or `be' before it. It has the same meaning.

- Better not say too much aloud.

7. better
If you say that you expect or deserve better , you mean that you expect or deserve a higher standard of achievement, behaviour, or treatment from people than they have shown you.

- We expect better of you in the future.

- Our long-suffering mining communities deserve better than this.

PRON

8. better betters
Your betters are people who have a higher status or rank than you do. (OLD-FASHIONED, HUMOROUS)

- Sit down and be quiet in front of your elders and betters.

N-PLURAL: poss N

9. better betters bettering bettered
If someone betters a high achievement or standard, they achieve something higher.

- He recorded a time of 4 minutes 23, bettering the old record of 4-24.

- As an account of adolescence it could hardly be bettered.

VB

10. better betters bettering bettered
If you better your situation, you improve your social status or the quality of your life. If you better yourself, you improve your social status.

- He had dedicated his life to bettering the lot of the oppressed people of South Africa.

- Our parents chose to come here with the hope of bettering themselves.

VB

11. better
Better is used to form the comparative of compound adjectives beginning with `good' and `well.' For example, the comparative of `well-off' is `better-off.'

12. better
You can say that someone is better doing one thing than another, or it is better doing one thing than another to advise someone about what they should do.

- You are better eating just a small snack than hurrying a main meal.

- Wouldn't it be better putting a time-limit on the task?.

- Subjects like this are better left alone.

PHR: V inflects, PHR -ing, PHR -ed

13. better
If something changes for the better , it improves.

- He dreams of changing the world for the better.

PHR: PHR after v

14. better
If a feeling such as jealousy, curiosity, or anger gets the better of you, it becomes too strong for you to hide or control.

- She didn't allow her emotions to get the better of her.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

15. better
If you get the better of someone, you defeat them in a contest, fight, or argument.

- He is used to tough defenders, and he usually gets the better of them.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

16. better
If someone knows better than to do something, they are old enough or experienced enough to know it is the wrong thing to do.

- She knew better than to argue with Adeline.

- It's bad enough to have anyone joke about such a serious matter but a member of the police force should know better.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR than to-inf

17. better
If you know better than someone, you have more information, knowledge, or experience than them.

- He thought he knew better than I did, though he was much less experienced.

- My sister still claims she cheated on us at cards, but I know better.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR than n

18. better
If you say that someone would be better off doing something, you are advising them to do it or expressing the opinion that it would benefit them to do it.

- If you've got bags you're better off taking a taxi.

- Their stance seems to be that a baby or child is better off in its country of birth.

PHR: PHR -ing/prep/adv

19. better
If you go one better , you do something better than it has been done before or obtain something better than someone else has.

- Now General Electric have gone one better than nature and made a diamond purer than the best quality natural diamonds.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR than n

20. better
You say ` That's better ' in order to express your approval of what someone has said or done, or to praise or encourage them.

- `I came to ask your advice -- no, to ask for your help.' --- `That's better. And how can I help you?'

CONVENTION

21. better
You can say ` so much the better ' or ` all the better ' to indicate that it is desirable that a particular thing is used, done, or available.

- Make sure that you use strong white flour, and if you can get hold of durum wheat flour, then so much the better.

- If there's good skiing, breathtaking scenery and you don't need to catch a plane, all the better!

PHR

22. better
You can use expressions like ` The bigger the better ' or ` The sooner the better ' to say that you would prefer it if something is big or happens soon.

- The Irish love a party, the bigger the better.

- The fewer things in the room the better.

PHR

23. better
If you do something the better to do something else, you do the first thing in order to be able to do the second thing more effectively. (mainly WRITTEN)

- She came on every ride herself, the better to instruct her eager pupils.

PHR: PHR to-inf

24. better
If you intend to do something and then think better of it , you decide not to do it because you realize it would not be sensible.

- Alberg opened his mouth, as if to protest. But he thought better of it.

PHR: V inflects

25. better
If you say that something has happened or been done for better or worse , you mean that you are not sure whether the consequences will be good or bad, but they will have to be accepted because the action cannot be changed.

- I married you for better or worse, knowing all about these problems.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR with cl

betterment

[D.J.:ˈbetəmənt]

[K.K.:ˈbɛtəmənt]

n.

改好; 改良; 改进

betterment

betterment
The betterment of something is the act or process of improving its standard or status. (FORMAL)

- His research is for the betterment of mankind.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= improvement

betting shop *

betting shop betting shops
A betting shop is a place where people can go to bet on something such as a horse race. (BRIT)
N-COUNT
= bookie's

between

[D.J.:biˈtwi:n]

[K.K.:bɪˈtwin]

prep.

(表示位置)在…之间; 在…之中

(表示时间)在…与…的一段时间内; 在…的间隔中

(表示数目)介乎…之间

(表示距离)在…到…的一段距离内, 来往于…与…之间

(表示范围)在…之间, 为…所分享

(表示等级)介乎于…之间

(表示关系)在…之间; …与…之间; 涉及

(表示对比)从…中选择, 就…比较而言

between *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, between is used in a few phrasal verbs, such as `come between'.)

1. between
If something is between two things or is in between them, it has one of the things on one side of it and the other thing on the other side.

- She left the table to stand between the two men.

- Charlie crossed between the traffic to the far side of the street.

PREP: usu PREP pl-n

2. between
If people or things travel between two places, they travel regularly from one place to the other and back again.

- I spent a lot of time in the early Eighties travelling between London and Bradford.

PREP: PREP pl-n

3. between
A relationship, discussion, or difference between two people, groups, or things is one that involves them both or relates to them both.

- I think the relationship between patients and doctors has got a lot less personal.

- There have been intensive discussions between the two governments in recent days.

- There has always been a difference between community radio and commercial radio.

PREP: PREP pl-n

4. between
If something stands between you and what you want, it prevents you from having it.

- His sense of duty often stood between him and the enjoyment of life.

PREP: PREP n and n

5. between
If something is in between two amounts or ages, it is greater or older than the first one and smaller or younger than the second one.

- Increase the amount of time you spend exercising by walking between 15 and 20 minutes.

- Amsterdam is fun -- a third of its population is aged between 18 and 30.

PREP: PREP num and num

6. between
If something happens between or in between two times or events, it happens after the first time or event and before the second one.

- The canal was built between 1793 and 1797.

- Berlin was well known for its good living in between the two world wars.

PREP: PREP pl-n, PREP num and num

7. between
Also an adverb.

- Henry had to endure a journey by jetfoil, coach and two aircraft, with a four-hour wait in Bangkok in between.

ADV: ADV with cl/group

8. between
If you must choose between two or more things, you must choose just one of them.

- Students will be able to choose between English, French and Russian as their first foreign language.

PREP: PREP pl-n

9. between
If people or places have a particular amount of something between them, this is the total amount that they have.

- The three sites employ 12,500 people between them.

- Between them, they train over fifty horses in Lambourn.

PREP: PREP pron

10. between
When something is divided or shared between people, they each have a share of it.

- His company was bought out by Hogg Robinson for £3.5m, divided between five partners.

- There is only one bathroom shared between eight bedrooms.

PREP: PREP pl-n
= amongst

11. between
When you introduce a statement by saying ` between you and me ' or ` between ourselves ', you are indicating that you do not want anyone else to know what you are saying.

- Between you and me, though, it's been awful for business.

- Between ourselves, I know he wants to marry her.

PHR: PHR with cl

between

preposition

amidst

among

betwixt

in the middle of

mid

bevelled

bevelled
If a piece of wood, metal, or glass has bevelled edges, its edges are cut sloping.

- At the bottom of the stairs is a huge mirror with deep bevelled edges.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) beveled

beverage

[D.J.:ˈbevəridʒ]

[K.K.:ˈbɛvərɪdʒ, ˈbɛvrɪdʒ]

n.

饮料

beverage *

beverage beverages
Beverages are drinks. (FORMAL)

- Alcoholic beverages are served in the hotel lounge.

- ...artificially sweetened beverages.

- ...foods and beverages.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft adj N
= drink

beverage

noun

drink

liquid

liquor

refreshment

bevvy

[ˈbevi]

n.

饮料(尤指含酒精饮料)

bevvy

bevvy bevvies
If you have a few bevvies , you have a few alcoholic drinks. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- It was just one of those things that happens after a few bevvies.

N-COUNT: usu pl

bevy

[D.J.:ˈbevi:]

[K.K.:ˈbɛvi]

n.

(尤指少女或妇女的)一群

(鸟类的)一群

bevy

bevy bevies
A bevy of people is a group of people all together in one place.

- ...a bevy of little girls...

- He had made it his business to surround himself with a bevy of bright young officers.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n
= group

bevy

noun

group

band

bunch informal

collection

company

crowd

gathering

pack

troupe

bewail

[D.J.:biˈweil]

[K.K.:bɪˈwel]

vt.

因(某事物)而悲愁, 悲哀

bewail

bewail bewails bewailing bewailed
If you bewail something, you express great sorrow about it. (LITERARY, JOURNALISM)

- All your songs seem to bewail a dissatisfaction in love.

VB

bewail

verb

lament

bemoan

cry over

deplore

grieve for

moan

mourn

regret

beware

[D.J.:biˈwɛə]

[K.K.:bɪˈwɛr]

vi.

谨防, 当心

beware *

beware
If you tell someone to beware of a person or thing, you are warning them that the person or thing may harm them or be dangerous.

- Beware of being too impatient with others.

- Motorists were warned to beware of slippery conditions.

- Beware, this recipe is not for slimmers.

VB: only imper and inf

beware

verb

be careful

be cautious

be wary

guard against

heed

look out

mind

take heed

watch out

bewilder

[D.J.:biˈwildə]

[K.K.:bɪˈwɪldɚ]

vt.

使迷惑, 使难住

bewildering

[D.J.:biˈwildəriŋ]

adj.

(情况)让人困惑的, 令人费解的

(大量东西)使人眼花缭乱的

bewilderingly

adv.

令人困惑地,使人迷乱地

bewilder

bewilder bewilders bewildering bewildered
If something bewilders you, it is so confusing or difficult that you cannot understand it.

- The silence from Alex had hurt and bewildered her.

VB
= perplex

bewildered *

bewildered
If you are bewildered , you are very confused and cannot understand something or decide what you should do.

- Some shoppers looked bewildered by the sheer variety of goods on offer.

ADJ-GRADED
= perplexed

bewildering *

1. bewildering
A bewildering thing or situation is very confusing and difficult to understand or to make a decision about.

- A glance along his bookshelves reveals a bewildering array of interests.

- The choice of excursions was bewildering.

ADJ-GRADED
= perplexing

2. bewilderingly

- The cast of characters in the scandal is bewilderingly large.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/adv

bewilder

verb

confound

baffle

bemuse

confuse

flummox

mystify

nonplus

perplex

puzzle

bewildered

adjective

confused

at a loss

at sea

baffled

flummoxed

mystified

nonplussed

perplexed

puzzled

bewilderment

[D.J.:biˈwildəmənt]

[K.K.:bɪˈwɪldəmənt]

n.

迷惘; 困惑; 迷乱

bewilderment *

bewilderment
Bewilderment is the feeling of being bewildered.

- He shook his head in bewilderment.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N

bewitch

[D.J.:bɪˈwɪtʃ]

[K.K.:bɪˈwɪtʃ]

vt.

对(某人)施魔法

令(某人)心醉, 入迷

bewitching

[biˈwitʃiŋ]

adj.

迷人的,使人着迷的

bewitch

1. bewitch bewitches bewitching bewitched
If someone or something bewitches you, you are so attracted to them that you cannot think about anything else.

- She was not moving, as if someone had bewitched her.

- The doctor is bewitched by Maya's beauty.

VB

2. bewitching

- Frank was a quiet young man with bewitching brown eyes.

ADJ-GRADED

bewitch

verb

enchant

beguile

captivate

charm

enrapture

entrance

fascinate

hypnotize

bewitched

adjective

enchanted

charmed

entranced

fascinated

mesmerized

spellbound

under a spell

beyond

[D.J.:biˈjɔnd]

[K.K.:biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd]

prep.

(表示位置)在或往…另一边; 在或往…那一边; 在或往…的更远处

(表示时间)迟于, 晚于; 在…之后

(表示排斥)除…以外

(表示范围)超出; 非…所能及

(表示结果)不容; 超然于…之上

(表示程度)超出…的范围; 超过; 对…来说太难

(表示数目)多于, 超过

(表示累加)一个接一个

adv.

在更远处, 往更远处, 再往后

beyond ****

1. beyond
If something is beyond a place or barrier, it is on the other side of it.

- They heard footsteps in the main room, beyond a door.

- On his right was a thriving vegetable garden and beyond it a small orchard of apple trees.

PREP

2. beyond
Also an adverb.

- The house had a fabulous view out to the Strait of Georgia and the Rockies beyond.

- ...the need to defend itself against its enemies inside its borders and beyond.

ADV: n ADV, and ADV

3. beyond
If something happens beyond a particular time or date, it continues after that time or date has passed.

- Few jockeys continue race-riding beyond the age of 40.

- You may be entitled to Child Benefit if a child continues getting full-time education beyond the date already notified by you.

PREP
= past

4. beyond
Also an adverb.

- The financing of home ownership will continue through the 1990s and beyond.

ADV: and ADV

5. beyond
If something extends beyond a particular thing, it affects or includes other things.

- His interests extended beyond the fine arts to international politics and philosophy.

PREP

6. beyond
You use beyond to introduce an exception to what you are saying.

- He appears to have almost no personal staff, beyond a secretary who can't make coffee.

- I knew nothing beyond a few random facts.

PREP
= apart from

7. beyond
If something goes beyond a particular point or stage, it progresses or increases so that it passes that point or stage.

- Their five-year relationship was strained beyond breaking point.

- It seems to me he's beyond caring about what anybody does.

PREP: oft PREP -ing

8. beyond
If something is, for example, beyond understanding or beyond belief, it is so extreme in some way that it cannot be understood or believed.

- What Jock had done was beyond my comprehension.

- Sweden is lovely in summer -- cold beyond belief in winter.

- But by the year 2020 business computing will have changed beyond recognition.

PREP

9. beyond
If you say that something is beyond someone, you mean that they cannot deal with it.

- Although he could give her sympathy, any practical help would almost certainly be beyond him.

- The situation was beyond her control.

PREP
= above

beyond

preposition

1.

past

above

apart from

at a distance

away from

over

2.

exceeding

out of reach of

superior to

surpassing

bhaji

bhaji bhajis
A bhaji is a small piece of food of Indian origin, made of vegetables fried in batter with spices.

- ...an onion bhaji.

N-COUNT

bhangra

[D.J.:ˈbæŋɡrə]

[K.K.:ˈbʌŋˌɡrɑ]

n.

(以印度旁遮普民乐为基调融合西方摇滚乐成分的)班格拉乐

bhangra

bhangra
Bhangra is a form of dance music that comes from India and uses traditional Indian instruments.
N-UNCOUNT also Bhangra

bi

[D.J.:bai]

[K.K.:baɪ]

n.

Burundi,布隆迪

bi

bi
Bi means the same as bisexual . (INFORMAL)
ADJ

bi-

[bai-]

pref.

表示“有二的,双边的”之义

bi-

1. bi-
Bi- is used at the beginning of nouns and adjectives that have `two' as part of their meaning.

- She very much believes that she is living in a bi-cultural society.

PREFIX

2. bi-
Bi- is used to form adjectives and adverbs indicating that something happens twice in a period of time or happens once in two periods of time that follow each other.

- While they are working students meet biweekly as a group to reflect on their experiences.

- The bimonthly magazine can be bought by subscription.

PREFIX

biannual

[D.J.:baiˈænjuəl]

[K.K.:baɪˈænjuəl]

adj.

一年两次的

biannually

adv.

每半年地

biannual

1. biannual
A biannual event happens twice a year.

- You will need to have a routine biannual examination.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. biannually

- Only since 1962 has the show been held biannually.

ADV: ADV after v

bias

[D.J.:ˈbaiəs]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪəs]

n.

偏见, 偏心, 偏袒

vt.

使倾向于

biased

[D.J.:ˈbaɪəst]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪəst]

adj.

有偏见的;倾向性的;片面的

偏重;偏向

biasing

偏置,偏压

bias **

1. bias biases
Bias is a tendency to prefer one person or thing to another, and to favour that person or thing.

- Bias against women permeates every level of the judicial system.

- There were fierce attacks on the BBC for alleged political bias.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= prejudice

2. bias biases
Bias is a concern with or interest in one thing more than others.

- The Department has a strong bias towards neuroscience.

N-VAR: with supp

3. bias biases biasing biased
To bias someone means to influence them in favour of a particular choice.

- We mustn't allow it to bias our teaching.

VB

4. bias
A dress or skirt that is cut on the bias or that is bias-cut has been cut diagonally across the material so that it hangs down in a particular way.

- The fabric, cut on the bias, hangs as light as a cobweb off a woman's body.

- ...a bias-cut dress.

PHR

biased *

1. biased
If someone is biased , they prefer one group of people to another, and behave unfairly as a result. You can also say that a process or system is biased .

- He seemed a bit biased against women in my opinion.

- The selection of pupils for grammar schools was biased in favour of the middle-class child of a small family from a good area.

- The judge was biased.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ against/in favour of n
= prejudiced

2. biased
If something is biased towards one thing, it is more concerned with it than with other things.

- In Japan firms are biased towards growth rather than profits.

- University funding was tremendously biased towards scientists.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ towards n

bias

noun

1.

prejudice

favouritism

inclination

leaning

partiality

tendency

verb

2.

prejudice

distort

influence

predispose

slant

sway

twist

warp

weight

biased

adjective

prejudiced

distorted

one-sided

partial

slanted

weighted

bib

[D.J.:bib]

[K.K.:bɪb]

n.

(小儿用的)围嘴

围裙的上部

bib

bib bibs
A bib is a piece of cloth or plastic which is worn by very young children to protect their clothes while they are eating.
N-COUNT

Bible

[D.J.:ˈbaɪbəl]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪbəl]

n.

圣经

Bible **

1. Bible
The Bible is the holy book on which the Jewish and Christian religions are based.
N-PROPER: the N

2. Bible Bibles
A Bible is a copy of the Bible.
N-COUNT

3. Bible Bibles
If someone describes a book or magazine about their job or interest as their bible , they mean that it is the best and most useful book about the subject.

- ...the photographer's bible -- Amateur Photographer.

N-COUNT: poss N

Bible Belt

Bible Belt
Parts of the southern United States are referred to as the Bible Belt because Protestants with strong beliefs have a lot of influence there.
N-PROPER: the N also bible belt .

biblical

[ˈbiblikəl]

adj.

《圣经》的

biblical *

biblical
Biblical means contained in or relating to the Bible.

- The community, whose links with Syria date back to biblical times, is mainly elderly.

- ...the biblical story of Noah.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

bibliography

[D.J.:ˌbibliˈɔɡrəfi]

[K.K.:ˌbɪbliˈɑɡrəfi]

n.

(有关某一专题或某一作者的著作的)书目

书志学, 文献学

bibliography *

1. bibliography bibliographies
A bibliography is a list of books on a particular subject.

- At the end of this chapter there is a select bibliography of useful books.

N-COUNT

2. bibliography bibliographies
A bibliography is a list of the books and articles that are referred to in a particular book.
N-COUNT

bicarb

[baiˈkɑ:b]

n.

重碳酸盐

bicarb

bicarb
Bicarb is an abbreviation for bicarbonate of soda . (INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

bicarbonate of soda

bicarbonate of soda
Bicarbonate of soda is a white powder which is used in baking to make cakes rise, and also as a medicine for your stomach.
N-UNCOUNT

bicentenary

[D.J.:ˌbaɪsenˈtenəri:, baɪˈsentəˌneri:]

[K.K.:ˌbaɪsɛnˈtɛnəri, baɪˈsɛntəˌnɛri]

n.

200周年，200周年纪念

adj.

二百周年的

bicentenary

bicentenary bicentenaries
A bicentenary is a year in which you celebrate something important that happened exactly two hundred years earlier. (BRIT; in AM use bicentennial )
N-COUNT

bicentennial

[D.J.:ˈbaisenˈtenjəl]

[K.K.:ˌbaɪsɛnˈtɛniəl]

n.

二百年,二百周年纪念

bicentennial

1. bicentennial bicentennials
A bicentennial is the same as a bicentenary . (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

2. bicentennial
Bicentennial celebrations are held to celebrate a bicentenary.
ADJ: ADJ n

biceps

[D.J.:ˈbaiseps]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪˌsɛps]

n.

二头肌,强健的筋肉

biceps

biceps
Your biceps are the large muscles at the front of the upper part of your arms.
N-COUNT: usu pl biceps is both the singular and the plural form. Some people use bicep as the singular form of biceps

bicker

[D.J.:ˈbɪkə]

[K.K.:ˈbɪkɚ]

vi.

争吵, 口角

(水等)作潺潺声

闪烁

n.

争吵；小的口角

(水的)潺潺声

bickering

争吵[论]

bicker *

1. bicker bickers bickering bickered
When people bicker , they argue or quarrel about unimportant things.

- I went into medicine to care for patients, not to waste time bickering over budgets.

- The two women bickered constantly.

- ...as states bicker over territory...

- He is still bickering with the control tower over admissible approach routes.

V-RECIP

2. bickering

- The election will end months of political bickering.

N-UNCOUNT

bicker

verb

quarrel

argue

disagree

dispute

fight

row informal

squabble

wrangle

bicycle

[D.J.:ˈbaisikl]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪˌsɪkəl, -sɪkəl, -ˌsaɪkəl]

n.

自行车, 脚踏车

bicycle **

1. bicycle bicycles
A bicycle is a vehicle with two wheels which you ride by sitting on it and pushing two pedals with your feet. You steer it by turning a bar that is connected to the front wheel.
N-COUNT
= bike

2. bicycle bicycles bicycling bicycled
If you bicycle somewhere, you cycle there. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- I bicycled on towards the sea.

VB

bicyclist

n.

骑自行车的人

bicyclist

bicyclist bicyclists
A bicyclist is someone who enjoys bicycling. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- The streets were crowded with bicyclists.

N-COUNT
= cyclist

bid 1 attempting or offering ****

1. bid bids
A bid for something or a bid to do something is an attempt to obtain it or do it. (JOURNALISM)

- ...Sydney's successful bid for the 2000 Olympic Games...

- The Government has already closed down two newspapers in a bid to silence its critics.

N-COUNT: N for n, N to-inf
= attempt

2. bid bids
A bid is an offer to pay a particular amount of money for something that is being sold.

- Hanson made an agreed takeover bid of £351 million.

N-COUNT

3. bid bids bidding
If you bid for something or bid to do something, you try to obtain it or do it.

- Singapore Airlines is rumoured to be bidding for a management contract to run both airports.

- I don't think she is bidding to be Prime Minister again.

VB The form bid is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= try attempt

4. bid bids bidding
If you bid for something that is being sold, you offer to pay a particular amount of money for it.

- She wanted to bid for it.

- The bank announced its intention to bid.

- He certainly wasn't going to bid $18 billion for this company.

VB The form bid is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

5. bidding

- The bidding starts at £2 million.

N-UNCOUNT

bid up ****

bid up bids up; bidding up
If someone bids up the value of something, they try to increase it, for example by offering to buy it at a higher price than usual.

- ...the British passion for bidding up the price of each other's houses...

- They agreed to bid the picture up to 4,500 francs.

PHR-V The form bid is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

bidder

[D.J.:ˈbɪdə]

[K.K.:ˈbɪdɚ]

n.

出价者，投标人

bidder *

1. bidder bidders
A bidder is someone who offers to pay a certain amount of money for something that is being sold. If you sell something to the highest bidder , you sell it to the person who offers the most money for it.

- The sale will be made to the highest bidder subject to a reserve price being attained.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

2. bidder bidders
A bidder for something is someone who is trying to obtain it or do it.

- Vodafone is among successful bidders for two licences to develop cellular telephone systems in Greece.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N for n

biddy

[D.J.:ˈbidi]

[K.K.:ˈbɪdi]

n.

小鸡,母鸡,女佣人

biddy

biddy biddies
If someone describes an old woman as an old biddy , they are saying in an unkind way that they think she is silly or unpleasant. (INFORMAL)

- We're not just a lot of old biddies going on about jam.

N-COUNT disapproval

bide

[D.J.:baɪd]

[K.K.:baɪd]

vi.

等待,停留

居住

vt.

(过去式用bided)等待

面临,禁得起

bide your time

等待时机

bide

bide
If you bide your time , you wait for a good opportunity before doing something.

- He was content to bide his time patiently, waiting for the opportunity to approach her.

PHR: V inflects

bidet

[D.J.:bidɛt]

[K.K.:biˈde]

n.

〈法〉坐浴盆,下身盆

bidet

bidet bidets
A bidet is a low fixed container in a bathroom which you can use to wash your bottom.
N-COUNT

biennial

[D.J.:baɪˈeni:əl]

[K.K.:baɪˈɛniəl]

adj.

(事件)两年一次的

n.

两年生植物

biennial

1. biennial
A biennial event happens or is done once every two years.

- ...the biennial Commonwealth conference.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. biennial biennials
A biennial is a plant that lives for two years. It flowers, produces seed, and dies in its second year.
N-COUNT

biff

[D.J.:bif]

[K.K.:bɪf]

n.

猛击

vt.

打

biff

biff biffs biffing biffed
If you biff someone, you hit them with your fist. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- My father biffed him one on the nose.

VB

bifocals

双光眼镜;双焦镜片;双筒望远镜玻璃

bifocals

bifocals
Bifocals are glasses with lenses made in two halves. The top part is for looking at things some distance away, and the bottom part is for reading and looking at things that are close.

- Mrs Bierce wears thick bifocal lenses.

N-PLURAL The form bifocal is used as a modifier

bifurcate

[D.J.:ˈbaɪfəˌkeɪt, baɪˈfɜ:-]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪfɚˌket, baɪˈfə..-]

vi.

(指道路、河流、树枝等)分岔, 分成两支

vt.

使分枝;使分叉

adj.

分叉的

bifurcated

adj.

分为两部分

bifurcation

[ˌbaifəˈkeiʃən]

n.

分歧；二根分叉部

bifurcate

1. bifurcate bifurcates bifurcating bifurcated
If something such as a line or path bifurcates or is bifurcated , it divides into two parts which go in different directions.

- The blood supply bifurcates between eight and thirty times before reaching each particular location in the body.

V-ERG

2. bifurcation bifurcations

- The Isle of Thorney was formed by a bifurcation in the stream.

N-VAR

big

[D.J.:biɡ]

[K.K.:bɪɡ]

adj.

大的, 硕大的, 高大的

重要的, 重大的

年龄较大的, 长大了的

成功的; 大受欢迎的

bigger

adj.

大的,长大的

biggest

adj.

大的,长大的

big *****

1. big bigger biggest
A big person or thing is large in physical size.

- Australia's a big country.

- Her husband was a big man.

- The car was too big to fit into our garage.

ADJ-GRADED
= large ≠ small

2. big bigger biggest
Something that is big consists of many people or things.

- The crowd included a big contingent from Ipswich.

- ...the big backlog of applications.

ADJ-GRADED
= large ≠ small

3. big bigger biggest
If you describe something such as a problem, increase, or change as a big one, you mean it is great in degree, extent, or importance.

- Her problem was just too big for her to tackle on her own.

- There could soon be a big increase in unemployment.

ADJ-GRADED
= serious ≠ small

4. big bigger biggest
A big organization employs many people and has many customers.

- Exchange is largely controlled by big banks.

- ...one of the biggest companies in Italy.

ADJ-GRADED
= large ≠ small

5. big bigger biggest
If you say that someone is big in a particular organization, activity, or place, you mean that they have a lot of influence or authority in it. (INFORMAL)

- Their father was very big in the army.

- I'm sure all the big names will come to the club.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n, v-link ADJ in n

6. big
If you call someone a big bully or a big coward, you are emphasizing your disapproval of them. (INFORMAL)
ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

7. big
Children often refer to their older brother or sister as their big brother or sister.
ADJ: ADJ n

8. big
Capital letters are sometimes referred to as big letters. (INFORMAL)

- ...a big letter J.

ADJ: ADJ n
= capital

9. big bigger biggest
Big words are long or rare words which have meanings that are difficult to understand. (INFORMAL)

- They use a lot of big words.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

10. big
If you make it big , you become successful or famous. (INFORMAL)

- We're not just looking at making it big in the UK, we want to be big internationally.

PHR: V inflects

11. big
If you think big , you make plans on a large scale, often using a lot of time, effort, or money.

- Maybe we're not thinking big enough.

PHR: V inflects

12. big
If something is happening in a big way , it is happening on a large scale. (INFORMAL)

- I think boxing will take off in a big way here.

PHR: PHR after v

big

adjective

1.

large

enormous

extensive

great

huge

immense

massive

substantial

vast

2.

important

eminent

influential

leading

main

powerful

prominent

significant

3.

grown-up

adult

elder

grown

mature

4.

generous

altruistic

benevolent

gracious

magnanimous

noble

unselfish

bigamist

[ˈbiɡəmist]

n.

重婚者

bigamist

bigamist bigamists
A bigamist is a person who commits the crime of marrying someone when they are already legally married to someone else.
N-COUNT

bigamous

[D.J.:ˈbɪgəməs]

[K.K.:ˈbɪɡəməs]

adj.

重婚的

bigamous

bigamous
A bigamous marriage is one in which one of the partners is already legally married to someone else.
ADJ

bigamy

[D.J.:ˈbɪgəmi:]

[K.K.:ˈbɪɡəmi]

n.

重婚；重婚罪

bigamy

bigamy
Bigamy is the crime of marrying a person when you are already legally married to someone else.
N-UNCOUNT

Big Apple

Big Apple
People sometimes refer to the city of New York as the Big Apple . (INFORMAL)

- The main attractions of the Big Apple are well documented.

N-PROPER: the N

big band

big band big bands
A big band is a large group of musicians who play jazz or dance music. Big bands were especially popular from the 1930s to the 1950s.
N-COUNT

big bang theory

big bang theory
In astronomy the big bang theory is a theory that suggests that the universe was created as a result of an extremely large explosion.
N-SING: the N

Big Brother

Big Brother
People sometimes use Big Brother to refer to a person, government, or organization when they think it has complete control over people and is always checking what they do.

- Do remember that our speed limit is 75mph and Big Brother is watching you through his camera in some areas.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

big business

1. big business
Big business is business which involves very large companies and very large sums of money.

- Big business will never let petty nationalism get in the way of a good deal.

N-UNCOUNT

2. big business
Something that is big business is something which people spend a lot of money on, and which has become an important commercial activity.

- Britain's railways are big business.

- Sport has become big business.

N-UNCOUNT

big cat

big cat big cats
Big cats are lions, tigers, and other large wild animals in the cat family.
N-COUNT

big city *

big city
The big city is used to refer to a large city which seems attractive to someone because they think there are many exciting things to do there, and many opportunities to earn a lot of money.

- ...a country girl who dreams of the big city and bright lights.

N-SING: the N

big deal *

1. big deal
If you say that something is a big deal , you mean that it is important or significant in some way. (INFORMAL)

- I felt the pressure on me, winning was such a big deal for the whole family.

- It's no big deal.

N-SING

2. big deal
If someone makes a big deal out of something, they make a fuss about it or treat it as if it were very important. (INFORMAL)

- The Joneses make a big deal out of being `different'.

PHR: V inflects, PHR out of/of/about n

3. big deal
You can say ` big deal ' to someone to show that you are not impressed by something that they consider important or impressive. (INFORMAL)

- `You'll miss The Brady Bunch.'-`Big deal.'

CONVENTION feelings

big dipper

big dipper big dippers
A big dipper is a fairground ride that carries people up and down steep slopes on a narrow railway at high speed. (BRIT)
N-COUNT
= roller coaster

big fish *

1. big fish
If you describe someone as a big fish , you believe that they are powerful or important in some way. (INFORMAL)

- The four men arrested were described as really big fish by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency.

N-COUNT big fish is both the singular and the plural form
≠ small fry

2. big fish
If you say that someone is a big fish in a small pond , you mean that they are powerful or important but only within a small group of people. (INFORMAL)

- In South Africa, Jani was a big fish in a small pond.

PHR: v-link PHR big fish is both the singular and the plural form

big game

big game
Large wild animals such as lions and elephants that are hunted for sport are often referred to as big game .
N-UNCOUNT

biggie

[D.J.:ˈbiɡi]

[K.K.:ˈbɪɡi]

n.

〈口〉要人，大人物；要事，大事

biggie

biggie biggies
People sometimes refer to something or someone successful, well-known, or big as a biggie . (INFORMAL)

- The film is the first of this summer's Hollywood box-office biggies.

N-COUNT

biggish

[D.J.:ˈbɪgɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbɪɡɪʃ]

adj.

相当大的，比较大的，不小的

biggish

biggish
Something that is biggish is fairly big. (INFORMAL)

- It is a biggish room, comfortable but shabbily decorated.

ADJ

big gun

big gun big guns
If you refer to someone as a big gun , you mean that they have a lot of power or influence. (INFORMAL)

- The names of the legal big guns who will prepare his defence should be announced shortly.

N-COUNT

big head

big head big heads
If you describe someone as a big head , you disapprove of them because they think they are very clever and know everything. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval
= know all

big-headed

big-headed
If you describe someone as big-headed , you disapprove of them because they think they are very clever and know everything.

- What an arrogant, big-headed man, thought Gladys.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= conceited

big-hearted

big-hearted
If you describe someone as big-hearted , you think they are kind and generous to other people, and always willing to help them. (WRITTEN)

- ...the bluff big-hearted Irishman.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ mean

big money *

big money
Big money is an amount of money that seems very large to you, especially money which you get easily.

- They began to make big money during the war.

N-UNCOUNT

big mouth

big mouth big mouths
If you say that someone is a big mouth or that they have a big mouth, you mean that they tell other people things that should have been kept secret. (INFORMAL)

- Why don't you shut your big mouth?

N-COUNT

big name *

big name big names
A big name is a person who is successful and famous because of their work.

- ...all the big names in rock and pop.

N-COUNT

big noise

big noise big noises
Someone who is a big noise has an important position in a group or organization. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= big shot

bigot

[D.J.:ˈbɪgət]

[K.K.:ˈbɪɡət]

n.

抱偏见的人；执拗的人；心胸狭窄的人

bigot

bigot bigots
If you describe someone as a bigot , you mean that they are bigoted.
N-COUNT disapproval

bigot

noun

fanatic

racist

sectarian

zealot

bigoted

[D.J.:ˈbɪgətɪd]

[K.K.:ˈbɪɡətɪd]

adj.

偏执的,顽固的，心胸狭窄的

bigoted

bigoted
Someone who is bigoted has strong, unreasonable prejudices or opinions and will not change them, even when they are proved to be wrong.

- He was bigoted and racist.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

bigoted

adjective

intolerant

biased

dogmatic

narrow-minded

opinionated

prejudiced

sectarian

bigotry

[D.J.:ˈbɪgətri:]

[K.K.:ˈbɪɡətri]

n.

偏执；顽固；偏执的行为

bigotry *

bigotry
Bigotry is the possession or expression of strong, unreasonable prejudices or opinions.

- He deplored religious bigotry.

N-UNCOUNT

bigotry

noun

intolerance

bias

discrimination

dogmatism

fanaticism

narrow-mindedness

prejudice

sectarianism

big screen

big screen
When people talk about the big screen , they are referring to films that are made for cinema rather than for television.

- She returns to the big screen to play Candy's overbearing mother, Rose.

N-SING: the N
≠ small screen

big shot

big shot big shots
A big shot is an important and powerful person in a group or organization. (INFORMAL)

- He's a big shot in Chilean politics.

N-COUNT

big-ticket

[D.J.:ˈbiɡˈtikit]

[K.K.:ˈbɪɡˈtɪkɪt]

adj.

高价的

big-ticket

big-ticket
If you describe something as a big-ticket item, you mean that it costs a lot of money. (mainly AM)

- A home is a big-ticket item.

ADJ: ADJ n

big time *

1. big time
You can use big time to refer to the highest level of an activity or sport where you can achieve the greatest amount of success or importance. If you describe a person as big time , you mean they are successful and important. (INFORMAL)

- He took a long time to settle in to big-time football.

- ...a big-time investment banker.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also big-time .

2. big time
If someone hits the big time , they become famous or successful in a particular area of activity. (INFORMAL)

- Matsuoka is the first player from Japan to really hit the tennis big time.

- He hit the big time with films such as Ghost and Dirty Dancing.

N-SING: the N also big-time .

3. big time
You can use big time if you want to emphasize the importance or extent of something that has happened. (AM, INFORMAL)

- Mike Edwards has tasted success big time.

- They screwed things up big time.

- America lost big-time.

ADV: ADV after v also big-time . emphasis

big toe

big toe big toes
Your big toe is the largest toe on your foot.
N-COUNT

big top

big top
The large round tent that a circus uses for its performances is called the big top .
N-SING

big wheel

big wheel big wheels
A big wheel is a very large upright wheel with carriages around the edge of it which people can ride in. Big wheels are often found at theme parks or fun fairs. (BRIT; in AM use ferris wheel )
N-COUNT

bigwig

[D.J.:ˈbiɡwiɡ]

[K.K.:ˈbɪɡˌwɪɡ]

n.

〈口〉要人,有重大影响的人

bigwig

bigwig bigwigs
If you refer to an important person as a bigwig , you are being rather disrespectful. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

bigwig

noun Informal

important person

big shot informal

celebrity

dignitary

mogul

personage

somebody

V.I.P.

bijou

[D.J.:ˈbi:ʒu:]

[K.K.:ˈbiˌʒu]

n.

〈法〉珠宝,宝石,小巧美观的东西

adj.

小巧美观的

bijou

bijou
Small houses are sometimes described as bijou houses in order to make them sound attractive or fashionable.

- ...a bijou Mayfair flat.

- ...bijou shops and boutiques.

ADJ: ADJ n

bike

[D.J.:baik]

[K.K.:baɪk]

n.

自行车

bike ***

1. bike bikes
A bike is a bicycle or a motorcycle. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. bike bikes biking biked
To bike somewhere means to go there on a bicycle. (INFORMAL)

- I biked home from the beach.

VB

bike lane

bike lane bike lanes
A bike lane is a part of the road which is intended to be used only by people riding bicycles.
N-COUNT

biker

[D.J.:ˈbaikə]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪkɚ]

n.

骑摩托车的人

biker *

1. biker bikers
Bikers are people who ride around on motorbikes, usually in groups.
N-COUNT

2. biker bikers
People who ride bicycles are called bikers . (AM; in BRIT use cyclist )
N-COUNT

bikeway

[D.J.:ˈbaikwei]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪkˌwe]

n.

自行车专用道路

bikeway

bikeway bikeways
A bikeway is a road, route, or path intended for use by cyclists. (AUSTRALIAN)
N-COUNT
= cycleway

bikini

[D.J.:bɪˈki:ni:]

[K.K.:bɪˈkini]

n.

比基尼式游泳衣, 三点式泳装

bikini *

bikini bikinis
A bikini is a two-piece swimming costume worn by women.
N-COUNT

bikini line

bikini line
A woman's bikini line is the edges of the area where her pubic hair grows.
N-SING

bilateral

[D.J.:baiˈlætərəl]

[K.K.:baɪˈlætərəl]

adj.

双边的, 双方的

bilateral **

1. bilateral
Bilateral negotiations, meetings, or agreements, involve only the two groups or countries that are directly concerned. (FORMAL)

- ...bilateral talks between Britain and America.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. bilaterally

- The Agreement provided for disputes and differences between the two neighbours to be solved bilaterally.

ADV: usu ADV after v, ADV adj

bilberry

[D.J.:ˈbilbəri]

[K.K.:ˈbɪlˌbɛri]

n.

越橘

bilberry

bilberry bilberries
A bilberry is a small, round, dark-blue fruit that grows on bushes in northern Europe.
N-COUNT

bile

[D.J.:baɪl]

[K.K.:baɪl]

n.

胆汁

坏脾气

bile *

1. bile
Bile is a liquid produced by your liver which helps you to digest fat.
N-UNCOUNT

2. bile
Bile is the bad-smelling liquid that comes out of your mouth when you vomit with no food in your stomach.
N-UNCOUNT

3. bile
Bile is anger or bitterness towards someone or something. (LITERARY)

- He aims his bile at religion, drugs, and politics.

N-UNCOUNT

bilge

[D.J.:bildʒ]

[K.K.:bɪldʒ]

n.

舱底

无聊的想法, 废话

bilge

1. bilge bilges
The bilge or the bilges are the flat bottom part of a ship or boat.
N-COUNT

2. bilge
If you say that something written or spoken is bilge , you mean that you think it is untrue or silly. (INFORMAL)

- I supported us by writing bilge for women's magazines.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= rubbish

bilingual

[D.J.:baɪˈlɪŋgwəl]

[K.K.:baɪˈlɪŋɡwəl]

adj.

两种语言的;能说两种语言的

n.

能说两种语言的人

bilingual *

1. bilingual
Bilingual means involving or using two languages.

- ...bilingual education.

- ...the Collins bilingual dictionaries.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. bilingual
Someone who is bilingual can speak two languages equally well, usually because they learned both languages as a child.

- He is bilingual in an Asian language and English.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

bilingualism

双语

bilingualism

bilingualism
Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages equally well.
N-UNCOUNT

bilious

[D.J.:ˈbɪljəs]

[K.K.:ˈbɪljəs]

adj.

胆汁的

胆汁(过多而致)病的

脾气坏的

bilious

1. bilious
If someone describes the appearance of something as bilious , they mean that they think it looks unpleasant and rather disgusting. (WRITTEN)

- ...the bilious green overstuffed sofas.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

2. bilious
If you feel bilious , you feel sick and have a headache.

- She appears to be suffering a bilious attack.

ADJ

3. bilious
Bilious is sometimes used to describe the feelings or behaviour of someone who is extremely angry or bad-tempered. (WRITTEN)

- His speech was a bilious, rancorous attack on much of the music of his younger contemporaries.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

bilk

[D.J.:bilk]

[K.K.:bɪlk]

vt.

蒙骗

bilk

bilk bilks bilking bilked
To bilk someone out of something, especially money, means to cheat them out of it. (AM, INFORMAL)

- He disappeared in 1980 after being convicted of bilking investors out of $3 million.

VB
= cheat

bill

[D.J.:bil]

[K.K.:bɪl]

n.

账单

广告, 招贴, 节目单

议案

钞票

vt.

送交某人账单

宣布, 贴广告, 列节目单

billing

[D.J.:ˈbiliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbɪlɪŋ]

n.

(节目单或戏院大门上的)演员表,(演员表上的)演员次序

bill ****

1. bill bills
A bill is a written statement of money that you owe for goods or services.

- They couldn't afford to pay the bills.

- He paid his bill for the newspapers promptly.

- ...phone bills.

N-COUNT

2. bill bills billed
If you bill someone for goods or services you have provided them with, you give or send them a bill stating how much money they owe you for these goods or services.

- Are you going to bill me for this?

VB: no cont

3. bill
The bill in a restaurant is a piece of paper on which the price of the meal you have just eaten is written and which you are given before you pay. (BRIT; in AM use check )
N-SING: the N

4. bill bills
A bill is a piece of paper money. (AM; in BRIT use note )

- The case contained a large quantity of US dollar bills.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

5. bill bills
In government, a bill is a formal statement of a proposed new law that is discussed and then voted on.

- This is the toughest crime bill that Congress has passed in a decade.

- The bill was approved by a large majority.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

6. bill
The bill of a show or concert is a list of the entertainers who will take part in it.
N-SING

7. bill bills billing billed
If someone is billed to appear in a particular show, it has been advertised that they are going to be in it.

- She was billed to play the Red Queen in Snow White.

VB: usu passive

8. billing

- ...their quarrels over star billing.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

9. bill bills billing billed
If you bill a person or event as a particular thing, you advertise them in a way that makes people think they have particular qualities or abilities.

- They bill it as Britain's most exciting museum.

VB

10. bill bills
A bird's bill is its beak.
N-COUNT

11. bill
If you say that someone or something fits the bill or fills the bill , you mean that they are suitable for a particular job or purpose.

- If you fit the bill, send a CV to Rebecca Rees.

PHR: V inflects

12. bill
If you have to foot the bill for something, you have to pay for it.

- Who is footing the bill for her extravagant holiday?

PHR: V inflects

13. bill
If a doctor gives you a clean bill of health , they tell you that you are fit and healthy.

- President Mitterrand, 75, has been given a clean bill of health by doctors in Paris.

PHR: PHR after v

bill

noun

1.

charges

account

invoice

reckoning

score

statement

tally

2.

proposal

measure

piece of legislation

projected law

3.

advertisement

bulletin

circular

handbill

handout

leaflet

notice

placard

poster

4.

list

agenda

card

catalogue

inventory

listing

programme

roster

schedule

verb

5.

charge

debit

invoice

6.

advertise

announce

give advance notice of

post

bill

noun

beak

mandible

neb archaic or dialect

nib

billboard

[D.J.:ˈbɪlˌbɔ:d, -ˌbəʊrd]

[K.K.:ˈbɪlˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

<主美>广告牌

billboard *

billboard billboards
A billboard is a very large board on which posters are displayed.
N-COUNT
= hoarding

-billed

-billed
-billed combines with adjectives to indicate that a bird has a beak of a particular kind or appearance.

- ...yellow-billed ducks.

COMB in ADJ

billet

[D.J.:ˈbilit]

[K.K.:ˈbɪlɪt]

n.

兵舍,工作职位

v.

给(部队)安排住处

billet

1. billet billets billeting billeted
If members of the armed forces are billeted in a particular place, that place is provided for them to stay in for a period of time.

- The soldiers were billeted in private homes.

VB: usu passive

2. billet billets
A billet is a house where a member of the armed forces has been billeted.
N-COUNT

billet

verb

1.

quarter

accommodate

berth

station

noun

2.

quarters

accommodation

barracks

lodging

billfold

[D.J.:ˈbɪlˌfəʊld]

[K.K.:ˈbɪlˌfold]

n.

皮夹子

billfold

billfold billfolds
A billfold is a small flat folded case, usually made of leather or plastic, where you can keep banknotes and credit cards. (AM; in BRIT use wallet )
N-COUNT

billiards

[D.J.:ˈbɪljədz]

[K.K.:ˈbɪljədz]

n.

台球,桌球戏，弹子球

billiards

1. billiards
Billiards is a game played on a large table, in which you use a long stick called a cue to hit balls against each other or into pockets around the sides of the table. (BRIT; in AM use pocket billiards , pool )
N-UNCOUNT The form billiard is used as a modifier.

2. billiards
Billiards is a game played on a large table, in which you use a long stick called a cue to hit balls against each other or against the walls around the sides of the table. (AM)
N-UNCOUNT The form billiard is used as a modifier.

billion

[D.J.:ˈbiljən]

[K.K.:ˈbɪljən]

n.

十亿

billion *****

1. billion
A billion is a thousand million.

- The Ethiopian foreign debt stands at 3 billion dollars.

- This year, almost a billion birds will be processed in the region.

NUM The plural form is billion after a number, or after a word or expression referring to a number, such as `several' or `a few'

2. billion
If you talk about billions of people or things, you mean that there is a very large number of them but you do not know or do not want to say exactly how many.

- Biological systems have been doing this for billions of years.

- He urged US executives to invest billions of dollars in his country.

QUANT-PL: QUANT of pl-n The plural form is billion after a number, or after a word or expression referring to a number, such as `several' or `a few'

3. billion
You can also use billions as a pronoun.

- He thought that it must be worth billions.

PRON The plural form is billion after a number, or after a word or expression referring to a number, such as `several' or `a few'

billionaire

[D.J.:biljəˈnɛə]

[K.K.:ˌbɪljəˈnɛr, ˈbɪljəˌnɛr]

n.

亿万富翁

billionaire *

billionaire billionaires
A billionaire is an extremely rich person who has money or property worth at least a thousand million pounds or dollars.
N-COUNT

billionth

[D.J.:ˈbiljənθ]

[K.K.:ˈbɪljənθ]

n.,adj.

第十亿(的),十亿分之一(的)

billionth

1. billionth
The billionth item in a series is the one you count as number one billion.

- Disney will claim its one billionth visitor before the end of the century.

ORD

2. billionth
A billionth is one of a billion equal parts of something.

- ...a billionth of a second.

FRACTION

bill of fare

bill of fare bills of fare
The bill of fare at a restaurant is a list of the food for a meal from which you may choose what you want to eat. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT
= menu

Bill of Rights

Bill of Rights
A Bill of Rights is a written list of citizens' rights which is usually part of the constitution of a country.
N-SING

billow

[D.J.:ˈbiləu]

[K.K.:ˈbɪlo]

n.

巨浪, 如波涛滚滚而来之物

vi.

在波涛中翻滚

扬起, 鼓起

billow *

1. billow billows billowing billowed
When something made of cloth billows , it swells out and moves slowly in the wind.

- The curtains billowed in the breeze.

- Her pink dress billowed out around her.

- ...the billowing sails.

VB

2. billow billows billowing billowed
When smoke or cloud billows , it moves slowly upwards or across the sky.

- ...thick plumes of smoke billowing from factory chimneys...

- Steam billowed out from under the bonnet.

- ...billowing clouds of cigarette smoke.

VB

3. billow billows
A billow of smoke or dust is a large mass of it rising slowly into the air.

- ...smoke stacks belching billows of almost solid black smoke.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= cloud

billow

noun

1.

wave

breaker

crest

roller

surge

swell

tide

verb

2.

surge

balloon

belly

puff up

rise up

roll

swell

billy

[D.J.:ˈbɪli:]

[K.K.:ˈbɪli]

n.

警棍; 棍棒

billyboy

n.

<英>进行内河贸易的平底船

billycock

n.

<英>宽边低顶的毡帽

billyboy

[ˈbilibɔi]

n.

〈英〉(供内河或沿海航行的)平底驳船

billycock

[D.J.:ˈbilikɔk]

[K.K.:ˈbɪliˌkɑk]

n.

〈英口〉小礼帽,低圆顶的毡帽

billy

billy billies
A billy or billy club is a short heavy stick which is sometimes used as a weapon by the police. (AM; in BRIT use baton )
N-COUNT
= baton

billy goat

billy goat billy goats
A billy goat is a male goat.
N-COUNT

bimbo

[D.J.:ˈbimbəu]

[K.K.:ˈbɪmbo]

n.

〈美俚〉头脑简单的漂亮妞(尤指妓女、荡妇)

bimbo *

bimbo bimbos
If someone calls a young woman a bimbo , they think that although she is pretty she is rather stupid. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

bimonthly

[D.J.:ˈbaiˈmʌnθli]

[K.K.:baɪˈmʌnθli]

adj. & adv.

两月一次的(地)

bimonthly

bimonthly
A bimonthly event or publication happens or appears every two months.

- ...bimonthly assemblies.

- ...bimonthly newsletters.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also bi-monthly

bin

[D.J.:bin]

[K.K.:bɪn]

n.

大储藏箱

宽口箱(如面包箱, 垃圾箱等)

binning

[ˈbiniŋ]

n.

装箱,进仓

bin **

1. bin bins
A bin is a container that you put rubbish in. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use garbage can , trash can )

- He screwed the paper small and chucked it in the bin.

N-COUNT

2. bin bins
A bin is a container that you keep or store things in.

- ...a bread bin.

- ...big steel storage bins.

N-COUNT: oft n N

3. bin bins binning binned
If you bin something, you throw it away. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He decided to bin his paintings.

VB

binary

[D.J.:ˈbaɪnəri:]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪnəri]

adj.

由两个东西组成的;双重的, 双的

二进制的

n.

一双,一对;双体

二进制数

双子星

binary *

1. binary
The binary system expresses numbers using only the two digits 0 and 1. It is used especially in computing.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. binary
Binary is the binary system of expressing numbers.

- The machine does the calculations in binary.

N-UNCOUNT

3. binary
Binary describes something that has two different parts. (FORMAL)

- ...a binary star.

ADJ: ADJ n

bind

[D.J.:baind]

[K.K.:baɪnd]

vt.

捆绑, 捆扎

约束

装订

vt. & vi.

(使)结合

binding

[D.J.:ˈbaɪndɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪndɪŋ]

n.

书籍的封面

(衣服等的)镶边;边饰;滚条

捆绑;束缚

粘合剂;稠合物

(滑雪板上的)皮靴固定装置

adj.

捆绑的;粘合的

(书面材料)有约束力的;应履行的

bound

[D.J.:baund]

[K.K.:baʊnd]

vi.

跳; 弹回

vt.

给…划界, 限制

n.

跳, 跳跃, 跃进

界限, 范围

adj.

被捆绑的, 被束缚的

一定的, 必定的

去, 准备去

bounded

[ˈbaundid]

adj.

有界限的,有限制的

bounds

[D.J.:baʊndz]

[K.K.:baʊndz]

n.

界限

out of bounds

出界；界外

出格的；不合理的； 无法接受的

out of bounds to/for

在(某人允许进入的)界限以外；越界

within bounds

在可以接受的范围之内；处于控制

-bound

1. -bound
-bound combines with nouns to form adjectives which describe a person who finds it impossible or very difficult to leave the specified place.

- Andrew has been left wheelchair-bound after the accident.

- I'm pretty desk-bound, which is very frustrating.

COMB in ADJ

2. -bound
-bound combines with nouns to form adjectives which describe a place that is greatly affected by the specified type of weather.

- Three people were hurt in a 12-car pile up on a fog-bound motorway yesterday.

- ...a glimmer of sun on a frost-bound field.

COMB in ADJ

3. -bound
-bound combines with nouns to form adjectives which describe something or someone that is prevented from working properly or is badly affected by the specified situation. (WRITTEN)

- ...the somewhat tradition-bound officers of the navy.

- ...a strike-bound factory.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

bind **

1. bind binds binding bound
If something binds people together, it makes them feel as if they are all part of the same group or have something in common.

- It is the memory and threat of persecution that binds them together.

- ...the social and political ties that bind the USA to Britain.

- ...a group of people bound together by shared language, culture, and beliefs.

VB

2. bind binds binding bound
If you are bound by something such as a rule, agreement, or restriction, you are forced or required to act in a certain way.

- The Luxembourg-based satellite service is not bound by the same strict rules as the BBC.

- The authorities will be legally bound to arrest any suspects.

- There is a bottom deck though, so you're not bound to sit on top.

- The treaty binds them to respect their neighbour's independence.

VB

3. bound

- The world of advertising is obviously less bound by convention than the world of banking.

- Few of them feel bound by any enduring loyalties.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ by n

4. bind binds binding bound
If you bind something or someone, you tie rope, string, tape, or other material around them so that they are held firmly.

- Bind the ends of the cord together with thread.

- ...the red tape which was used to bind the files...

- He said there were cases where prisoners were tightly bound, often for several days.

VB

5. bind binds binding bound
When a book is bound , the pages are joined together and the cover is put on.

- Each volume is bound in bright-coloured cloth.

- Their business came from a few big publishers, all of whose books they bound.

- ...four immaculately bound hardbacks.

VB

6. -bound

- ...leather-bound stamp albums.

COMB in ADJ

7. bind binds binding bound
If one chemical or particle is bound to another, it becomes attached to it or reacts with it to form a single particle or substance. (TECHNICAL)

- At present nobody understands why these three quarks which are in the proton are bound together.

- These may bind to receptor molecules on the surfaces of cells.

- These compounds bind with genetic material in the liver.

V-ERG

8. bind binds binding bound
In cookery, if you bind a mixture of food, you form it into a mass by mixing it with a sticky substance.

- Bind the mixture with the raw minced liver and cook for 3 minutes more.

- ...a divine mixture of vegetarian cheeses bound with egg.

VB

9. bind
If you are in a bind , you are in a difficult situation, usually because you have to make a decision or a choice and whatever decision or choice you make will have unpleasant consequences. (INFORMAL)

- This puts the politicians in a bind as to what course to take.

- I'll advance you the money for it, here and now, just to help you out of a bind.

N-SING: a N

10. bind
If you say that something is a bind , you mean that it is unpleasant and boring to do. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- It is expensive to buy and a bind to carry home.

N-SING: a N

binding **

1. binding
A binding promise, agreement, or decision must be obeyed or carried out.

- ...proposals for a legally binding commitment on nations to stabilise emissions of carbon dioxide...

- The panel's decisions are secret and not binding on the government.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ on n

2. binding bindings
The binding of a book is its cover.

- Its books are noted for the quality of their paper and bindings.

N-VAR: oft with poss

3. binding bindings
Binding is a strip of material that you put round the edge of a piece of cloth or other object in order to protect or decorate it.

- ...the Regency mahogany dining table with satinwood binding.

N-VAR

4. binding bindings
Binding is a piece of rope, cloth, tape, or other material that you wrap around something so that it can be gripped firmly or held in place.
N-VAR

bound 1 be bound ***

1. Bound is the past tense and past participle of bind .

2. bound
If you say that something is bound to happen, you mean that you are sure it will happen, because it is a natural consequence of something that is already known or exists.

- There are bound to be price increases next year.

- If you are topless in a public place, this sort of thing is bound to happen.

PHR-MODAL
= be certain to

3. bound
If you say that something is bound to happen or be true, you feel confident and certain of it, although you have no definite knowledge or evidence. (SPOKEN)

- I'll show it to him. He's bound to know.

- We'll have more than one child, and one of them's bound to be a boy.

PHR-MODAL
= be certain to

4. bound
If one person, thing, or situation is bound to another, they are closely associated with each other, and it is difficult for them to be separated or to escape from each other.

- We are as tightly bound to the people we dislike as to the people we love.

- Economic growth is still bound to the issues of poverty, social justice and conservation.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n
= tied

5. bound
If a vehicle or person is bound for a particular place, they are travelling towards it.

- The ship was bound for Italy.

- ...a Russian plane bound for Berlin.

ADJ: v-link ADJ for n

6. bound
Also a combining form.

- ...a Texas-bound oil freighter.

- ...homeward-bound commuters.

COMB in ADJ

7. bound
You can say ` I am bound to say ' to introduce a statement expressing something that you find undesirable or unexpected. (FORMAL)

- I'm bound to say that it seems to me this is certain to lead to violence.

PHR: PHR that

8. bound
If something is bound up in a particular form or place, it is fixed in that form or contained in that place.

- The manager of a company does not like having a large chunk of his wealth bound up in its shares.

- They'd have a lot of hydrogen sulfide gas bound up in their cells.

PHR: PHR n
= tied up in

9. bound
If one thing is bound up with or in another, they are closely connected with each other, and it is difficult to consider the two things separately.

- My fate was bound up with hers.

- The story of their exploration is inextricably bound up with the character of the caves themselves.

- Their interests were completely bound up in their careers.

PHR: PHR n, usu v-link PHR
= tied up in

bound 2 other uses ***

1. bound bounds
Bounds are limits which normally restrict what can happen or what people can do.

- Changes in temperature occur slowly and are constrained within relatively tight bounds.

- ...a forceful personality willing to go beyond the bounds of convention.

- ...the bounds of good taste.

N-PLURAL: usu within/beyond N
= restrictions

2. bound bounds bounding bounded
If an area of land is bounded by something, that thing is situated around its edge.

- Kirgizia is bounded by Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan.

- ...the trees that bounded the car park.

- ...the park, bounded by two busy main roads and a huge housing estate.

VB

3. bound bounded
If someone's life or situation is bounded by certain things, those are its most important aspects and it is limited or restricted by them.

- Our lives are bounded by work, family and television.

V-PASSIVE

4. bound bounds bounding bounded
If a person or animal bounds in a particular direction, they move quickly with large steps or jumps.

- He bounded up the steps and pushed the bell of the door.

- The dog came bounding back with the stick for Richard to throw again.

VB
= leap

5. bound bounds
A bound is a long or high jump. (LITERARY)

- She leaps in one bound onto her pony's back for a speedy canter around the ring.

- With one bound Jack was free.

N-COUNT: usu sing

6. bound bounds bounding bounded
If the quantity or performance of something bounds ahead, it increases or improves quickly and suddenly.

- The shares bounded ahead a further 11p to 311p.

- The economy isn't bounding back as fast as people expected.

VB

7. bound
If you say that a feeling or quality knows no bounds , you are emphasizing that it is very strong or intense.

- The passion of Argentinian football fans knows no bounds.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

8. bound
If a place is out of bounds , people are not allowed to go there.

- For the last few days the area has been out of bounds to foreign journalists.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v, oft PHR to n

9. bound
If something is out of bounds , people are not allowed to do it, use it, see it, or know about it.

- American parents may soon be able to rule violent TV programmes out of bounds.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v
= prohibited off-limits

bind

verb

1.

secure

fasten

hitch

lash

stick

strap

tie

wrap

2.

oblige

compel

constrain

engage

force

necessitate

require

noun

3.

nuisance

bore

difficulty

dilemma

drag informal

pain in the neck informal

quandary

spot informal

binding

adjective Informal

compulsory

indissoluble

irrevocable

mandatory

necessary

obligatory

unalterable

bound

adjective Informal

1.

tied

cased

fastened

fixed

pinioned

secured

tied up

2.

certain

destined

doomed

fated

sure

3.

obliged

beholden

committed

compelled

constrained

duty-bound

forced

pledged

required

bound

verb

limit

confine

demarcate

encircle

enclose

hem in

restrain

restrict

surround

bound

noun

leap

bob

bounce

gambol

hurdle

jump

skip

spring

vault

bounds

plural noun

boundary

border

confine

edge

extremity

limit

rim

verge

bind over **

bind over binds over; binding over; bound over
If someone is bound over by a court or a judge, they are given an order and must do as the order says for a particular period of time. (LEGAL)

- On many occasions demonstrators were bound over to keep the peace.

- They put us in a cell, and the next day some bumbling judge bound us over.

- This imposes a duty on courts to bind over parents when they have no control over their children.

PHR-V

binder

[D.J.:ˈbaɪndə]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪndɚ]

n.

(书籍的)装订机;装订者

活页封面, 活页夹

黏合物

(购买不动产时包括预付订金在内的)保证书, 临时契约

捆缚(或包扎)用具;绳索,带子

割捆机;(收割机上的)捆缚装置

binder *

binder binders
A binder is a hard cover with metal rings inside, which is used to hold loose pieces of paper.
N-COUNT

bindweed

[D.J.:ˈbaindwi:d]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪndˌwid]

n.

旋花类植物

bindweed

bindweed
Bindweed is a wild plant that winds itself around other plants and makes it difficult for them to grow.
N-UNCOUNT

binge

[D.J.:bɪndʒ]

[K.K.:bɪndʒ]

n.

饮酒作乐

狂饮;狂闹;狂热

binge *

1. binge binges
If you go on a binge , you do too much of something, such as drinking alcohol, eating, or spending money. (INFORMAL)

- She went on occasional drinking binges.

N-COUNT

2. binge binges bingeing binged
If you binge , you do too much of something, such as drinking alcohol, eating, or spending money. (INFORMAL)

- I haven't binged since 1986.

- I binged on pizzas or milkshakes.

VB

binge

noun Informal

bout

bender informal

feast

fling

orgy

spree

bingo

[D.J.:ˈbiŋɡəu]

[K.K.:ˈbɪŋɡo]

n.

宾戈游戏

bingo *

1. bingo
Bingo is a game in which each player has a card with numbers on. Someone calls out numbers and if you are the first person to have all your numbers called out, you win the game.
N-UNCOUNT

2. bingo
You can say ` bingo! ' when something pleasant happens, especially in a surprising, unexpected, or sudden way.

- I was in a market in Tangier and bingo! I found this.

EXCLAM

bin liner

bin liner bin liners
A bin liner is a plastic bag that you put inside a waste bin or dustbin. (BRIT; in AM use garbage bag , trash bag )
N-COUNT

binoculars

[baiˈnɔkjuləz]

n.

双筒望远镜

binoculars *

binoculars
Binoculars consist of two small telescopes joined together side by side, which you look through in order to look at things that are a long way away.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

bio-

[D.J.:ˈbaiəu]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪo]

pref.

表示“生命,生物”之义

bio-

bio-
Bio- is used at the beginning of nouns and adjectives that refer to life or to the study of living things.

- ...bio-engineering.

PREFIX

biochemical

[baiəuˈkemikəl]

adj.

生物化学的

biochemical *

biochemical
Biochemical changes, reactions, and mechanisms relate to the chemical processes that happen in living things.
ADJ: ADJ n

biochemist

[D.J.:ˈbaɪəʊˈkemɪst]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪoˈk ɛmɪst]

n.

生物化学家

biochemist

biochemist biochemists
A biochemist is a scientist or student who studies biochemistry.
N-COUNT

biochemistry

[D.J.:ˈbaiəuˈkemistri]

[K.K.:ˌbaɪoˈkɛmɪstri]

n.

生物化学

biochemistry *

1. biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes that happen in living things.
N-UNCOUNT

2. biochemistry
The biochemistry of a living thing is the chemical processes that happen in it or are involved in it.
N-UNCOUNT

biodegradable

[D.J.:ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈgreɪdəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌbaɪodɪˈɡredəbəl]

adj.

能进行生物降解的,能起生物递解分解作用的

biodegradable

biodegradable
Something that is biodegradable breaks down or decays naturally without any special scientific treatment, and can therefore be thrown away without causing pollution.

- ...a natural and totally biodegradable plastic.

ADJ-GRADED

biodiversity

[D.J.:ˌbaiəudaiˈvə:səti]

[K.K.:ˌbaɪodɪˈvɚrsɪti]

n.

生物多类状态, 生物多样性

biodiversity *

biodiversity
Biodiversity is the existence of a wide variety of plant and animal species living in their natural environment.
N-UNCOUNT

bioengineering

[D.J.:ˈbaiəuˌendʒiˈniriŋ]

[K.K.:ˌbaɪoˌɛndʒəˈnɪrɪŋ]

n.

生物工程

人工器官移植

bioengineering

1. bioengineering
People sometimes use bioengineering to talk about genetic engineering .
N-UNCOUNT

2. bioengineering
Bioengineering is the use of engineering techniques to solve medical problems, for example to design and make artificial arms and legs.
N-UNCOUNT

biographer

[D.J.:baiˈɔɡrəfə]

[K.K.:baɪˈɑɡrəfɚ, bi-]

n.

传记作者

biographer *

biographer biographers
Someone's biographer is a person who writes an account of their life.
N-COUNT: oft with poss

biographical

[D.J.:baiˈɔɡrəfikəl]

[K.K.:ˌbaɪəˈɡræfɪkəl]

adj.

关于(某人)生平的, 传记的

biographical *

biographical
Biographical facts, notes, or details are concerned with the events in someone's life.

- The book contains few biographical details.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

biography

[D.J.:baiˈɔɡrəfi]

[K.K.:baɪˈɑɡrəfi, bi-]

n.

传记

biography **

1. biography biographies
A biography of someone is an account of their life, written by someone else.
N-COUNT: oft with poss

2. biography
Biography is the branch of literature which deals with accounts of people's lives.

- ...a volume of biography and criticism.

N-UNCOUNT

biography

noun

life story

account

curriculum vitae

CV

life

memoir

profile

record

biol.

biol.
Biol. is a written abbreviation for biology or biological .

biological

[D.J.:ˌbaiəˈlɔdʒikəl]

[K.K.:ˌbaɪəˈlɑdʒɪkəl]

adj.

生物学的

生物的

biologically

adv.

生物学上

biological **

1. biological
Biological is used to describe processes and states that occur in the bodies and cells of living things.

- The living organisms somehow concentrated the minerals by biological processes.

- This is a natural biological response.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. biologically

- Much of our behaviour is biologically determined.

- Possibly we are accustomed, biologically speaking, to this background radiation.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV with v

3. biological
Biological is used to describe activities concerned with the study of living things.

- ...all aspects of biological research associated with leprosy.

- ...the university's school of biological sciences.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. biological
Biological weapons and biological warfare involve the use of bacteria or other living organisms in order to attack human beings, animals, or plants.

- Such a war could result in the use of chemical and biological weapons.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

5. biological
Biological pest control is the use of bacteria or other living organisms in order to destroy other organisms which are harmful to plants or crops.

- ...Jim Litsinger, a consultant on biological control of agricultural pests.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. biological
A child's biological parents are the man and woman who caused him or her to be born, rather than other adults who look after him or her.

- ...foster parents for young teenagers whose biological parents have rejected them.

ADJ: ADJ n
= natural

7. biological
A biological washing powder contains substances called enzymes which dissolve dirt.
ADJ

biological clock

biological clock biological clocks
Your biological clock is your body's way of registering time. It does not rely on events such as day or night, but on factors such as your habits, your age, and chemical changes taking place in your body.

- Whenever we change sleep cycles, our biological clock has to adjust to the new schedule.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

biological diversity

biological diversity
Biological diversity is the same as biodiversity .
N-UNCOUNT

biologist

[D.J.:baɪˈɔlədʒɪst]

n.

生物学家

biology

[D.J.:baiˈɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:baɪˈɑlədʒi]

n.

生物学

biology **

1. biology
Biology is the science which is concerned with the study of living things.
N-UNCOUNT

2. biologist biologists

- ...biologists studying the fruit fly.

N-COUNT

3. biology
The biology of a living thing is the way in which its body or cells behave.

- The biology of these diseases is terribly complicated.

- ...human biology.

N-UNCOUNT: the N of n, supp N

biomedical

[ˈbaiəuˈmedikəl]

adj.

(有关)生物医学的

biomedical

biomedical
Biomedical research examines the effects of drugs and medical techniques on the biological systems of living creatures.

- Biomedical research will enable many individuals infected with HIV to live longer, more comfortable lives.

- ...the advance of biomedical science.

ADJ: ADJ n

bionic

[D.J.:baiˈɔnik]

[K.K.:baɪˈɑnɪk]

adj.

仿生学的,利用仿生学的

bionic

bionic
In science fiction books or films, a bionic person is someone who has special powers, such as being exceptionally strong or having exceptionally good sight, because parts of their body have been replaced by electronic machinery.

- ...the Bionic Woman.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

biopic

[D.J.:ˈbaiəupik]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪoˌpɪk]

n.

传记(体影)片

biopic

biopic biopics
A biopic is a film that tells the story of someone's life.
N-COUNT

biopsy

[D.J.:baiˈɔpsi]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪˌɑpsi]

n.

活组织检查, 活体检视

biopsy

biopsy biopsies
A biopsy is the removal and examination of fluids or tissue from a patient's body in order to discover why they are ill.
N-VAR

biosphere

[D.J.:ˈbaɪəˌsfɪə]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪəˌsfɪr]

n.

生物圈

biosphere *

biosphere
The biosphere is the part of the earth's surface and atmosphere where there are living things. (TECHNICAL)
N-SING: usu the N

biotech

[D.J.:ˌbaiəuˈtek]

[K.K.:ˌbaɪoˈtɛk]

n.

生物技术

biotech

biotech
Biotech means the same as biotechnology .

- ...the biotech industry.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

biotechnology

[D.J.:ˌbaɪəʊtekˈnɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˌbaɪotɛkˈnɑlədʒi]

n.

应用生物学, 生物技术

biotechnology *

1. biotechnology
Biotechnology is the use of living parts such as cells or bacteria in industry and technology. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

2. biotechnologist biotechnologists

- ...biotechnologists turning proteins into pharmaceuticals.

N-COUNT

bipartisan

[D.J.:baɪˈpɑ:tɪzən, -sən]

[K.K.:baɪˈpɑrtɪzən, -sən]

adj.

两党的;代表两党的

bipartisanship

n.

两党关系

bipartisanship

〈美〉两党合作

bipartisan *

bipartisan
Bipartisan means concerning or involving two different political parties or groups.

- They made an attempt to develop a bipartisan approach to educational reform.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

biped

[D.J.:ˈbaiped]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪˌpɛd]

n.

两足动物

biped

biped bipeds
A biped is a creature with two legs. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

biplane

[D.J.:ˈbaiplein]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪˌplen]

n.

双翼飞机,复翼飞机

biplane

biplane biplanes
A biplane is an old-fashioned type of aeroplane with two pairs of wings, one above the other.
N-COUNT

bipolar

[D.J.:baɪˈpəʊlə]

[K.K.:baɪˈpolɚ]

adj.

有两极的,双极的；两极世界的

bipolarity

n.

bipolarity

两极性

bipolar

bipolar
Bipolar systems or situations are dominated by two strong and opposing opinions or elements. (FORMAL)

- ...the bipolar world of the Cold War years.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

birch

[D.J.:bɜ:tʃ]

[K.K.:bə..tʃ]

n.

桦树, 桦木

(鞭打用的)桦条

vt.

(用桦条)抽打, 鞭挞

birch *

1. birch birches
A birch is a type of tall tree with thin branches.
N-VAR

2. birch
The birch is a punishment in which someone is hit with a wooden stick.
N-SING: the N

bird

[D.J.:bə:d]

[K.K.:bɚd]

n.

鸟, 禽

birds

禽

bird ****

1. bird birds
A bird is a creature with feathers and wings. Female birds lay eggs. Most birds can fly.
N-COUNT

2. bird birds
Some men refer to young women as birds . This use could cause offence. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

3. bird
Some people refer to the birds and the bees when they are talking about sex, especially to children. (HUMOROUS)
PHR
= the facts of life

4. bird
Someone who is doing bird is in prison. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- They warned him that next time he'd find himself doing bird.

PHR: V inflects
= do time

5. bird
If someone is an early bird , they usually get up early in the morning.

- We've always been early birds, up at 5.30 or 6am.

PHR: N inflects, oft v-link PHR
= early riser

See also early bird .

6. bird
If you refer to two people as birds of a feather , you mean that they have the same interests or are very similar.
PHR: v-link PHR

7. bird
If an audience gives someone the bird , they shout loudly in order to show their disappointment or disapproval.
PHR: V inflects

8. bird
If you get the bird or if someone gives you the bird , they make a rude gesture with their middle finger at you. (AM)
PHR: V inflects

9. bird
A bird in the hand is something that you already have and do not want to risk losing by trying to get something else.
PHR

10. bird
If you say that a little bird told you about something, you mean that someone has told you about it, but you do not want to say who it was.
PHR

11. bird
Some people use the phrase old bird to refer to someone and say what they are like. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- As usual, Wheeler, a wise old bird, got it right.

- She was such a decent old bird.

PHR: adj PHR

12. bird
If you say that someone or something is a rare bird , you mean that they are very unusual.
PHR: N inflects, usu v-link PHR

13. bird
If you say that doing something will kill two birds with one stone , you mean that it will enable you to achieve two things that you want to achieve, rather than just one.
PHR: V inflects

birdcage

[D.J.:ˈbɜ:dˌkeɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈbə..dˌkedʒ]

n.

鸟笼

鸟笼状的东西

类似鸟笼的场所(如牢房等)

birdcage

birdcage birdcages
A birdcage is a cage in which birds are kept.
N-COUNT also bird cage .

birdie

[D.J.:ˈbə:di]

[K.K.:ˈbɚdi]

n.

小鸟儿

birdie **

1. birdie birdies
In golf, if you get a birdie , you get the golf ball into a hole in one stroke fewer than the number of strokes which has been set as the standard for a good player.
N-COUNT

2. birdie birdies birdying birdied
If a golfer birdies a hole, he or she gets a birdie at that hole.

- He birdied five of the first seven holes.

VB

birdlife

鸟类生活;(一地区的)鸟类

birdlife

birdlife
The birdlife in a place is all the birds that live there.
N-UNCOUNT also bird life .

birdlike

似鸟的;敏捷轻快的

birdlike

birdlike
If someone has a birdlike manner, they move or look like a bird.

- ...the birdlike way she darted about.

ADJ also bird-like .

bird of paradise

bird of paradise birds of paradise
A bird of paradise is a songbird which is found mainly in New Guinea. The male birds have very brightly coloured feathers.
N-COUNT

bird of passage

bird of passage birds of passage
If you refer to someone as a bird of passage , you mean that they are staying in a place for a short time before going to another place.

- Most of these emigrants were birds of passage who returned to Spain after a relatively short stay.

N-COUNT

bird of prey

bird of prey birds of prey
A bird of prey is a bird such as an eagle or a hawk that kills and eats other birds and animals.
N-COUNT

bird's eye view

bird's eye view bird's eye views
You say that you have a bird's eye view of a place when you are looking down at it from a great height, so that you can see a long way but everything looks very small.
N-COUNT: usu sing

birdsong

n.

鸟鸣声

birdsong

birdsong
Birdsong is the sound of a bird or birds calling in a way which sounds musical.

- The air is filled with birdsong.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl also bird song .

bird table

bird table bird tables
A bird table is a small wooden platform on a pole which some people put in their garden in order to put food for the birds on it.
N-COUNT

bird-watcher

[ˈbə:dˌwɔtʃə]

n.

野鸟观察者; 野鸟生态研究者

bird-watcher

bird-watcher bird-watchers
A bird-watcher is a person whose hobby is watching and studying wild birds in their natural surroundings.
N-COUNT also birdwatcher .

bird-watching

[ˈbə:dˌwɔtʃiŋ]

n.

(尤指为了发现奇异或稀有鸟类而进行的)鸟类观察

bird-watching

bird-watching
Bird-watching is the activity of watching and studying wild birds in their natural surroundings.
N-UNCOUNT also birdwatching .

Biro

Biro Biros
A Biro is a pen with a small metal ball at its tip which transfers the ink onto the paper. (TRADEMARK, BRIT)
N-COUNT
= ballpoint

birth

[D.J.:bə:θ]

[K.K.:bɚθ]

n.

出生, 分娩

起源

出身, 门第

birth ***

1. birth births
When a baby is born, you refer to this event as his or her birth .

- It was the birth of his grandchildren which gave him greatest pleasure.

- She concealed her pregnancy right up to the moment of birth.

- She weighed 5lb 7oz at birth.

- ...premature births.

N-VAR

2. birth
You can refer to the beginning or origin of something as its birth .

- ...the birth of popular democracy.

N-UNCOUNT: with poss

3. birth
Some people talk about a person's birth when they are referring to the social position of the person's family.

- ...men of low birth...

- His birth, background and career show that you can make it in this country on merit alone.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

4. birth
If, for example, you are French by birth , you are French because your parents are French, or because you were born in France.

- Sadrudin was an Iranian by birth.

PHR: adj/n PHR

5. birth
When a woman gives birth , she produces a baby from her body.

- She's just given birth to a baby girl.

- She's due to give birth at any moment.

PHR: V inflects

6. birth
To give birth to to something such as an idea means to cause it to start to exist.

- In 1980, strikes at the Lenin shipyards gave birth to the Solidarity trade union.

PHR: V inflects

7. birth
The country, town, or village of your birth is the place where you were born.
PHR: n PHR

birth

noun

1.

childbirth

delivery

nativity

parturition

2.

ancestry

background

blood

breeding

lineage

parentage

pedigree

stock

birth certificate

birth certificate birth certificates
Your birth certificate is an official document which gives details of your birth, such as the date and place of your birth, and the names of your parents.
N-COUNT

birth control *

birth control
Birth control means planning whether to have children, and using contraception to prevent having them when they are not wanted.
N-UNCOUNT

birthdate

birthdate birthdates
Your birthdate is the same as your date of birth .
N-COUNT

birthday

[D.J.:ˈbə:θdei]

[K.K.:ˈbɚθˌde]

n.

生日

birthday ***

birthday birthdays
Your birthday is the anniversary of the date on which you were born.
N-COUNT

birthday suit

birthday suit birthday suits
If you are in your birthday suit , you are not wearing any clothes. (OLD-FASHIONED or HUMOROUS, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: poss N

birthing

birthing
Birthing means relating to or used during the process of giving birth.

- Some hospitals provide special birthing stools.

ADJ: ADJ n

birthmark

[D.J.:ˈbɜ:θˌmɑ:k]

[K.K.:ˈbə..θˌmɑrk]

n.

胎记;胎痣

birthmark

birthmark birthmarks
A birthmark is a mark on someone's skin that has been there since they were born.
N-COUNT

birthplace

[D.J.:ˈbɜ:θˌpleɪs]

[K.K.:ˈbə..θˌples]

n.

诞生地,出生地

birthplace *

1. birthplace birthplaces
Your birthplace is the place where you were born. (WRITTEN)
N-COUNT

2. birthplace birthplaces
The birthplace of something is the place where it began.

- ...Athens, the birthplace of the ancient Olympics.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

birth rate *

birth rate birth rates
The birth rate in a place is the number of babies born there for every 1000 people during a particular period of time.

- The UK has the highest birth rate among 15 to 19-year-olds in Western Europe.

- ...a falling birth-rate.

N-COUNT also birth-rate .

birthright

[D.J.:ˈbɜ:θˌraɪt]

[K.K.:ˈbə..θˌraɪt]

n.

与生俱来的权利;由于出身、国籍等而获得的权利

birthright

birthright birthrights
Something that is your birthright is something that you feel you have a basic right to have, simply because you are a human being.

- Freedom is the natural birthright of every human.

N-COUNT: usu sing

biscuit

[D.J.:ˈbiskit]

[K.K.:ˈbɪskɪt]

n.

〈英〉饼干

〈美〉软烤饼

biscuit **

1. biscuit biscuits
A biscuit is a small flat cake that is crisp and usually sweet. (BRIT; in AM use cookie )
N-COUNT

2. biscuit biscuits
A biscuit is a small round dry cake that is made with baking powder, baking soda, or yeast. (AM)
N-COUNT

3. biscuit
If someone has done something very stupid, rude, or selfish, you can say that they take the biscuit or that what they have done takes the biscuit , to emphasize your surprise at their behaviour. (BRIT; in AM use take the cake )
PHR: V inflects emphasis

bisect

[D.J.:ˈbaɪˌsekt, baɪˈsekt]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪˌsɛkt, baɪˈsɛkt]

vt.

把…一分为二；把…二等分

bisect

bisect bisects bisecting bisected
If something long and thin bisects an area or line, it divides the area or line in half.

- The main street bisects the town from end to end.

VB

bisect

verb

cut in two

cross

cut across

divide in two

halve

intersect

separate

split

bisexual

[D.J.:baɪˈsekʃu:əl]

[K.K.:baɪˈsɛkʃuəl]

adj.

两性的

对男女两性都有性欲的

bisexuality

[ˈbaiˌseksjuˈæliti]

n.

雌雄同体[株]

bisexual *

1. bisexual
Someone who is bisexual is sexually attracted to both men and women.
ADJ

2. bisexual bisexuals
Also a noun.

- He was an active bisexual.

N-COUNT

3. bisexuality

- Lillian opened up to Frank about her bisexuality.

N-UNCOUNT

bishop

[D.J.:ˈbiʃəp]

[K.K.:ˈbɪʃəp]

n.

(基督教某些教派管辖大教区的)主教

(国际象棋的)象

bishop

1. bishop
A bishop is a clergyman of high rank in the Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Orthodox churches.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC

2. bishop bishops
In chess a bishop is a piece that can be moved diagonally across the board on squares that are the same colour.
N-COUNT

bishopric

[D.J.:ˈbiʃəprik]

[K.K.:ˈbɪʃəprɪk]

n.

主教公署, 主教辖区

bishopric

bishopric bishoprics
A bishopric is the area for which a bishop is responsible, or the rank or office of being a bishop.
N-COUNT

bison

[D.J.:ˈbaɪsən, -zən]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪsən, -zən]

n.

野牛

bison

bison
A bison is a large hairy animal with a large head that is a member of the cattle family. They used to be very common in North America and Europe. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use buffalo )
N-COUNT bison is both the singular and the plural form
= buffalo

bistro

[D.J.:ˈbistrəu]

[K.K.:ˈbistro, ˈbɪstro]

n.

〈俗〉小酒馆,酒吧；小餐馆

bistro

bistro bistros
A bistro is a small, informal restaurant or a bar where food is served.
N-COUNT

bit

[D.J.:bit]

[K.K.:bɪt]

n.

少量, 少许

小片, 小块

bite

[D.J.:bait]

[K.K.:baɪt]

vt. & vi.

咬, 叮

n.

咬

咬伤, 叮伤

biting

[D.J.:ˈbaɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪtɪŋ]

adj.

尖锐刺人的；刺痛的

辛辣的；嘲讽的

bits

齿片

bitten

[D.J.:ˈbɪtn]

[K.K.:ˈbɪtn..]

bite的过去分词

be bitten by/have (got) the bug

突然有了兴趣；突然着了迷

once bitten, twice shy

一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳；一次被咬，下次胆小

bit *****

1. bit bits
A bit of something is a small amount of it.

- All it required was a bit of work.

- I got paid a little bit of money.

QUANT: QUANT of n-uncount

2. bit
A bit means to a small extent or degree. It is sometimes used to make a statement less extreme.

- This girl was a bit strange.

- I think people feel a bit more confident.

- She looks a bit like his cousin Maureen.

- That sounds a bit technical.

- Isn't that a bit harsh?

PHR: PHR adj/adv/prep vagueness
= slightly

3. bit
You can use a bit of to make a statement less forceful. For example, the statement `It's a bit of a nuisance' is less forceful than `It's a nuisance'.

- It's all a bit of a mess.

- Students have always been portrayed as a bit of a joke.

- This comes as a bit of a disappointment.

PHR: PHR n vagueness

4. bit
Quite a bit means quite a lot.

- They're worth quite a bit of money.

- Things have changed quite a bit.

- He's quite a bit older than me.

PHR: PHR of n, PHR after v, PHR compar

5. bit
You use a bit before `more' or `less' to mean a small amount more or a small amount less.

- I still think I have a bit more to offer.

- Maybe we'll hear a little bit less noise.

- ...a bit more than half the total official debt.

PHR: PHR more/less

6. bit
If you do something a bit , you do it for a short time. In British English, you can also say that you do something for a bit .

- Let's wait a bit.

- I hope there will be time to talk a bit --- or at least ask you about one or two things this evening.

- That should keep you busy for a bit.

PHR: PHR with v

7. bit bits
A bit of something is a small part or section of it. (mainly BRIT)

- That's the bit of the meeting that I missed.

- Now comes the really important bit.

- The best bit was walking along the glacier.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n
= part

8. bit bits
A bit of something is a small piece of it. (mainly BRIT)

- Only a bit of string looped round a nail in the doorpost held it shut.

- ...crumpled bits of paper.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= piece

9. bit bits
You can use bit to refer to a particular item or to one of a group or set of things. For example, a bit of information is an item of information.

- There was one bit of vital evidence which helped win the case.

- Not one single bit of work has been started towards the repair of this road.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

10. bit
You use bit in expressions such as the charity bit and the whole marriage bit to refer to everything that is involved in something, when you do not think it is important. (INFORMAL)
N-SING: the supp N disapproval
= thing

11. bit bits
In computing, a bit is the smallest unit of information that is held in a computer's memory. It is either 1 or 0. Several bits form a byte.
N-COUNT

12. bit bits
A bit is 12*1/2 cents; mainly used in expressions such as two bits , which means 25 cents, or four bits , which means 50 cents. (AM)
N-COUNT

13. bit bits
A bit is a piece of metal that is held in a horse's mouth and is used to control the horse when you are riding.
N-COUNT

14. Bit is the past tense of bite .

15. bit
If something happens bit by bit , it happens in stages.

- Bit by bit I began to understand what they were trying to do.

PHR: PHR with v

16. bit
If someone is champing at the bit or is chomping at the bit , they are very impatient to do something, but they are prevented from doing it, usually by circumstances that they have no control over.

- I expect you're champing at the bit, so we'll get things going as soon as we can.

PHR: V inflects

17. bit
If you do your bit , you do something that, to a small or limited extent, helps to achieve something.

- Marcie always tried to do her bit.

PHR: V inflects

18. bit
You say that one thing is every bit as good, interesting, or important as another to emphasize that the first thing is just as good, interesting, or important as the second.

- My dinner jacket is every bit as good as his.

PHR: PHR adj/adv emphasis
= just as

19. bit
If you say that something is a bit much , you are annoyed because you think someone has behaved in an unreasonable way. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- It's a bit much expecting young people to carry the can for lenders' past mistakes.

PHR: v-link PHR feelings

20. bit
You use not a bit when you want to make a strong negative statement. (mainly BRIT)

- I'm really not a bit surprised.

- `Are you disappointed?' `Not a bit.'

PHR emphasis

21. bit
You say not a bit of it to emphasize that something that you might expect to be the case is not the case. (BRIT)

- Did he give up? Not a bit of it!

PHR emphasis

22. bit
You can use bits and pieces or bits and bobs to refer to a collection of different things. (INFORMAL)
PHR

23. bit
If you get the bit between your teeth , or take the bit between your teeth , you become very enthusiastic about a job you have to do.
PHR: V inflects

24. bit
If something is smashed or blown to bits it is broken into a number of pieces. If something falls to bits it comes apart so that it is in a number of pieces.

- She found a pretty yellow jug smashed to bits.

PHR: PHR after v

bite *****

1. bite bites biting bit bitten
If you bite something, you use your teeth to cut into it, for example in order to eat it or break it. If an animal or person bites you, they use their teeth to hurt or injure you.

- Both sisters bit their nails as children.

- He bit into his sandwich.

- He had bitten the cigarette in two.

- Every year in this country more than 50,000 children are bitten by dogs.

- Llamas won't bite or kick.

VB

2. bite bites
A bite of something, especially food, is the action of biting it.

- He took another bite of apple.

- You cannot eat a bun in one bite.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

3. bite bites
A bite is also the amount of food you take into your mouth when you bite it.

- Look forward to eating the food and enjoy every bite.

N-COUNT

4. bite
If you have a bite to eat, you have a small meal or a snack. (INFORMAL)

- It was time to go home for a little rest and a bite to eat.

N-SING: a N, usu N to-inf

5. bite bites biting bit bitten
If a snake or a small insect bites you, it makes a mark or hole in your skin, and often causes the surrounding area of your skin to become painful or itchy.

- When an infected mosquito bites a human, spores are injected into the blood.

- We were all badly bitten by mosquitoes.

VB

6. bite bites
A bite is an injury or a mark on your body where an animal, snake, or small insect has bitten you.

- Any dog bite, no matter how small, needs immediate medical attention.

N-COUNT: oft n N

7. bite bites biting bit bitten
When an action or policy begins to bite , it begins to have a serious or harmful effect.

- As the sanctions begin to bite there will be more political difficulties ahead.

- The recession started biting deeply into British industry in the early eighties.

VB

8. bite bites biting bit bitten
If an object bites into a surface, it presses hard against it or cuts into it.

- There may even be some wire or nylon biting into the flesh.

- The car's tires bit loudly on the rutted snow in the street.

VB

9. bite
If you say that a food or drink has bite , you like it because it has a strong or sharp taste.

- ...the addition of tartaric acid to give the wine some bite.

N-UNCOUNT approval

10. bite
If the air or the wind has a bite , it feels very cold.

- There was a bite in the air, a smell perhaps of snow.

N-SING: a N

11. bite
If something such as a performance or a piece of writing has bite , it is exciting or effective.

- The teams have that extra bite when they are playing against their neighbours.

- The novel seems to lack bite and tension -- even passion.

N-UNCOUNT

12. bite bites biting bit bitten
If a fish bites when you are fishing, it takes the hook or bait at the end of your fishing line in its mouth.

- After half an hour, the fish stopped biting and we moved on.

VB

13. bite bites
Also a noun.

- If I don't get a bite in a few minutes I lift the rod and twitch the bait.

N-COUNT

14. bite bites
A bite of something is a small part or amount of it.

- ...bites of conversation.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

15. bite
If someone bites the hand that feeds them , they behave badly or in an ungrateful way towards someone who they depend on.

- She may be cynical about the film industry, but ultimately she has no intention of biting the hand that feeds her.

PHR: Vs inflect

16. bite
If someone speaks or replies to you angrily, and you think they are being unfair or reacting too strongly, you can say that they bite your head off .

- Whenever possible, suggest she talks about it but be aware she may bite your head off for your trouble.

PHR: V and N inflect disapproval

17. bite
If you bite your lip or your tongue , you stop yourself from saying something that you want to say, because it would be the wrong thing to say in the circumstances.

- I must learn to bite my lip.

- He bit his tongue as he found himself on the point of saying `follow that car'.

PHR: V and N inflect

18. bite
If something takes a bite out of a sum of money, part of the money is spent or taken away in order to pay for it.

- Local taxes are going to be taking a bigger bite out of people's income than they ever have before.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

biting

1. biting
Biting wind or cold is extremely cold.

- ...a raw, biting northerly wind...

- Antarctic air brought biting cold to southern Chile on Thursday.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= piercing

2. biting
Biting criticism or wit is very harsh or unkind, and is often caused by such feelings as anger or dislike.

- ...a furore caused by the author's biting satire on the Church...

- This was the most biting criticism made against her.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= mordant

bitten

Bitten is the past participle of bite .

bit

noun

piece

crumb

fragment

grain

morsel

part

scrap

speck

bit

noun

curb

brake

check

restraint

snaffle

bite

verb

1.

cut

chew

gnaw

nip

pierce

pinch

snap

tear

wound

noun

2.

wound

nip

pinch

prick

smarting

sting

tooth marks

3.

snack

food

light meal

morsel

mouthful

piece

refreshment

taste

biting

adjective

1.

piercing

bitter

cutting

harsh

penetrating

sharp

2.

sarcastic

caustic

cutting

incisive

mordant

scathing

stinging

trenchant

vitriolic

bitch

[D.J.:bɪtʃ]

[K.K.:bɪtʃ]

n.

母狗

坏女人, 泼妇，悍妇

淫妇；妓女

牢骚；怨言

vi.

埋怨, 发牢骚

vt.

把…搞糟；弄坏

抱怨；埋怨

son of a bitch

<俚>狗娘养的;家伙;讨厌的工作

bitch **

1. bitch bitches
If someone calls a woman a bitch , they are saying in a very rude way that they think she behaves in a very unpleasant way. (INFORMAL) ( VERY RUDE)
N-COUNT disapproval
See also son of a bitch .

2. bitch
If you describe a situation as a bitch , you mean that it is very unpleasant or difficult to deal with. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-SING

3. bitch bitches bitching bitched
If you say that someone is bitching about something, you mean that you disapprove of the fact that they are complaining about it in an unpleasant way. (INFORMAL)

- They're forever bitching about everybody else.

VB: oft cont disapproval

4. bitch bitches
A bitch is a female dog.
N-COUNT

bitchy

[D.J.:ˈbɪtʃi:]

[K.K.:ˈbɪtʃi]

adj.

恶毒的、恶意的或专横的

bitchy

1. bitchy
If someone is being bitchy or is making bitchy remarks, they are saying unkind things about someone. (INFORMAL)

- I'm sorry. I know I was bitchy on the phone.

- Women are not the only ones who say bitchy things about each other.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= catty

2. bitchiness

- There's a lot of bitchiness.

N-UNCOUNT

bitchy

adjective Informal

spiteful

backbiting

catty informal

mean

nasty

snide

vindictive

bite back *****

1. bite back bites back; biting back; bit back; bitten back
If you bite back a feeling or something that you were going to say, you stop yourself from expressing it. (LITERARY)

- Susan bit back the words she would like to have said.

- A scream rose to her lips again. She had to bite it back.

PHR-V

2. bite back bites back; biting back; bit back; bitten back
If a person or a group of people who have been defeated, criticized, or insulted bite back , they respond strongly or angrily. (JOURNALISM)

- He is quickly on the attack, biting back at the questioner until the original question is lost.

PHR-V

bite-sized

1. bite-sized
Bite-sized pieces of food are small enough to fit easily in your mouth.

- Cut the pumpkin into bite-sized pieces.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also bite-size .

2. bite-sized
If you describe something as bite-sized , you like it because it is small enough to be considered or dealt with easily.

- ...bite-size newspaper items.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also bite-size . approval

bit part

bit part bit parts
A bit part is a small and unimportant role for an actor in a film or play.
N-COUNT also bit-part .

bitter

[D.J.:ˈbitə]

[K.K.:ˈbɪtɚ]

adj.

有苦味的

严寒的, 刺骨的

辛酸的, 引起痛苦的; 难以接受的

充满仇恨的

bitterly

[D.J.:ˈbɪtəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbɪtɚlɪ]

adv.

苦涩地;痛苦地;不痛快地

残酷地;激烈地;非常地

bitterness

[D.J.:ˈbɪtənɪs]

[K.K.: ˈbɪtɚnɪs]

n.

苦味

痛苦,悲痛

酷烈

bitters

苦味补药;苦味药

bitter ***

1. bitter bitterest
In a bitter argument or conflict, people argue very angrily or fight very fiercely.

- ...the scene of bitter fighting during the Second World War.

- ...a bitter attack on the Government's failure to support manufacturing...

- On the eve of the poll, campaigning was bitter.

ADJ-GRADED

2. bitterly

- Any such thing would be bitterly opposed by most of the world's democracies.

- ...a bitterly fought football match.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. bitterness

- The rift within the organization reflects the growing bitterness of the dispute.

N-UNCOUNT

4. bitter bitterest
If someone is bitter after a disappointing experience or after being treated unfairly, they continue to feel angry about it.

- She is said to be very bitter about the way she was sacked.

- His long life was marked by bitter personal and political memories.

ADJ-GRADED

5. bitterly

- `And he sure didn't help us,' Grant said bitterly.

- ...the party bureaucrats who bitterly resented their loss of power.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

6. bitterness

- I still feel bitterness and anger towards the person who knocked me down.

N-UNCOUNT

7. bitter bitterest
A bitter experience makes you feel very disappointed. You can also use bitter to emphasize feelings of disappointment.

- I think the decision was a bitter blow from which he never quite recovered.

- A great deal of bitter experience had taught him how to lose gracefully.

- The statement was greeted with bitter disappointment by many of the other delegates.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

8. bitterly

- I was bitterly disappointed to have lost yet another race so near the finish.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

9. bitter bitterest
Bitter weather, or a bitter wind, is extremely cold.

- Outside, a bitter east wind was accompanied by flurries of snow.

- ...after spending a night in the bitter cold.

ADJ-GRADED

10. bitterly

- It's been bitterly cold here in Moscow.

ADV: ADV adj

11. bitter bitterest
A bitter taste is sharp, not sweet, and often slightly unpleasant.

- The leaves taste rather bitter.

- ...as the wine ages, losing its bitter harshness, and becoming softer and smoother.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ sweet

12. bitter bitters
Bitter is a kind of beer that is light brown in colour. (BRIT)

- ...a pint of bitter.

N-MASS

13. bitter
If you say that you will continue doing something to the bitter end , especially something difficult or unpleasant, you are emphasizing that you will continue doing it until it is completely finished.

- The guerrillas would fight to the bitter end, he said, in order to achieve their main goal.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

bitterly

bitterly
You use bitterly when you describing an attitude which involves strong, unpleasant emotions such as anger or dislike.

- We are bitterly upset at what has happened.

- ...Lucy Gannon's fine, bitterly funny play.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj

bitter

adjective

1.

sour

acid

acrid

astringent

harsh

sharp

tart

unsweetened

vinegary

2.

resentful

acrimonious

begrudging

hostile

sore

sour

sullen

3.

freezing

biting

fierce

intense

severe

stinging

bitterness

noun

1.

sourness

acerbity

acidity

sharpness

tartness

2.

resentment

acrimony

animosity

asperity

grudge

hostility

rancour

sarcasm

bitter-sweet

1. bitter-sweet
If you describe an experience as bitter-sweet , you mean that it has some happy aspects and some sad ones.

- He's got bitter-sweet memories of his first appearance for the team.

ADJ

2. bitter-sweet
A bitter-sweet taste seems bitter and sweet at the same time.

- ...a wine with a bitter-sweet flavour.

ADJ

bitty

[D.J.:ˈbiti]

[K.K.:ˈbɪti]

adj.

片断的,细短的,支离破碎的

bitty

1. bitty
If you say that something is bitty , you mean that it seems to be formed from a lot of different parts which you think do not fit together or go together well. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The programme was bitty and absolutely meaningless.

ADJ-GRADED

2. bitty
If you describe someone or something as a little bitty person or thing, you are emphasizing that they are very small. (AM, INFORMAL)

- She's just a little bitty wisp of a girl.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

bitumen

[D.J.:bɪˈtu:mən, -ˈtju:-, baɪ-]

[K.K.:bɪˈtumən, -ˈtju-, baɪ-]

n.

沥青,柏油

bitumen

bitumen
Bitumen is a black sticky substance which is obtained from tar or petrol and is used in making roads.
N-UNCOUNT

bivouac

[D.J.:ˈbivu:æk]

[K.K.:ˈbɪvuˌæk, ˈbɪvˌwæk]

n.

露营,野营,露营地

vi.

露宿

bivouacked

bivouac的过去式和过去分词

bivouacking

bivouac的现在时

bivouac

1. bivouac bivouacs
A bivouac is a temporary camp made by soldiers or mountain climbers.
N-COUNT

2. bivouac bivouacs bivouacking bivouacked
If you bivouac in a particular place, you stop and stay in a bivouac there.

- They made us bivouac ten miles out of town.

VB

biweekly

[D.J.:baiˈwi:kli]

[K.K.:baɪˈwikli]

adv. & adj.

两周一次地(的)

biweekly

1. biweekly
A biweekly event or publication happens or appears once every two weeks. (AM; in BRIT use fortnightly )

- He used to see them at the biweekly meetings.

- ...Jesse Meyers, editor of Beverage Digest, the industry's biweekly newsletter.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. biweekly
Also an adverb.

- The group meets on a regular basis, usually weekly or biweekly.

ADV: ADV with v

biz

[D.J.:biz]

[K.K.:bɪz]

n.

商业(新闻组)

biz *

biz
Biz is sometimes used to refer to the entertainment business, especially pop music or films. (INFORMAL, JOURNALISM)

- We asked women in the biz for their low-down on film-making.

- ...a girl in the music biz.

N-SING: oft n N

bizarre

[D.J.:biˈzɑ:]

[K.K.:bɪˈzɑr]

adj.

奇形怪状的, 怪诞的

bizarre **

1. bizarre
Something that is bizarre is very odd and strange.

- The game was also notable for the bizarre behaviour of the team's manager.

- You know, that book you lent me is really bizarre.

ADJ-GRADED
= weird

2. bizarrely

- She dressed bizarrely.

- Bizarrely, death is not a disqualification for voting although non-attendance at party meetings is.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj, ADV with cl

bizarre

adjective

strange

eccentric

extraordinary

fantastic

freakish

ludicrous

outlandish

peculiar

unusual

weird

zany

blab

[D.J.:blæb]

[K.K.:blæb]

vi.

瞎说乱讲；泄露秘密

vt.

泄漏(秘密)

n.

胡说乱讲, 闲谈, 胡言

瞎说的人; 泄漏秘密的人

blab

blab blabs blabbing blabbed
If someone blabs about something secret, they tell people about it. (INFORMAL)

- Her mistake was to blab about their affair.

- No blabbing to your mates!.

- She'll blab it all over the school.

VB

blab

verb

tell

blurt out

disclose

divulge

give away

let slip

let the cat out of the bag

reveal

spill the beans informal

black

[D.J.:blæk]

[K.K.:blæk]

adj.

黑色的, 黑暗的

(关于)黑人的

暗淡的, 毫无希望的

n.

黑色

黑人

blacking

[D.J.:ˈblækiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈblækɪŋ]

n.

黑色鞋油,黑色涂料

black *****

1. black blacks blacker blackest
Something that is black is of the darkest colour that there is, the colour of the sky at night when there is no light at all.

- She was wearing a black coat with a white collar.

- He had thick black hair.

- I wear a lot of black.

- He was dressed all in black.

COLOUR

2. black
A black person belongs to a race of people with dark skins, especially a race from Africa.

- He worked for the rights of black people.

- Sherry is black, tall, slender and soft-spoken.

- ...the traditions of the black community.

ADJ

3. black blacks
Black people are sometimes referred to as blacks . This use could cause offence.

- There are about thirty-one million blacks in the US.

N-COUNT: usu pl

4. black
Black coffee or tea has no milk or cream added to it.

- A cup of black tea or black coffee contains no calories.

- I drink coffee black.

ADJ: ADJ n, v n ADJ

5. black blacker blackest
If you describe a situation as black , you are emphasizing that it is very bad indeed.

- It was, he said later, one of the blackest days of his political career.

- The future for the industry looks even blacker.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis

6. black blacker blackest
If someone is in a black mood, they feel very miserable and depressed.

- In late 1975, she fell into a black depression.

- Her mood was blacker than ever.

ADJ-GRADED

7. black blacker blackest
You use black to describe things that you consider to be very cruel or wicked. (LITERARY)

- I think their crime is a blacker one than mere exploitation.

- ...the blackest laws in the country's history.

ADJ-GRADED

8. black blacker blackest
Black humour involves jokes about sad or difficult situations.

- `So you can all go over there and get shot,' he said, with the sort of black humour common among British troops here.

- It's a black comedy of racial prejudice, mistaken identity and thwarted expectations.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

9. black
People who believe in black magic believe that it is possible to communicate with evil spirits.

- He was also alleged to have conducted black magic ceremonies.

- The King was unjustly accused of practising the black arts.

ADJ: ADJ n

10. black blacks blacking blacked
If someone blacks another person's eye, they punch or hit that person in the eye, causing it to bruise and look black.

- Her husband blacked her eye.

- Their mother was trying to hide her two blacked eyes.

VB
See also black eye .

11. black
If you say that someone is black and blue , you mean that they are badly bruised.

- Whenever she refused, he'd beat her black and blue.

- Bud's nose was still black and blue.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR

12. black
If a person or an organization is in the black , they do not owe anyone any money.

- Remington's operations in Japan are now in the black.

- Until his finances are in the black I don't want to get married.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

13. black
If someone gives you a black look , they look at you in a way that shows that they are very angry about something.

- Passing my stall, she cast black looks at the amount of stuff still unsold.

PHR: N inflects, usu PHR after v

black

adjective

1.

dark

dusky

ebony

jet

raven

sable

swarthy

2.

hopeless

depressing

dismal

foreboding

gloomy

ominous

sad

sombre

3.

angry

furious

hostile

menacing

resentful

sullen

threatening

4.

wicked

bad

evil

iniquitous

nefarious

villainous

verb

5.

boycott

ban

bar

blacklist

black out *****

1. black out blacks out; blacking out; blacked out
If you black out , you lose consciousness for a short time.

- I could feel blood draining from my face. I wondered whether I was about to black out.

- Samadov said that he felt so ill that he blacked out.

PHR-V

2. black out blacks out; blacking out; blacked out
If a place is blacked out , it is in darkness, usually because it has no electricity supply.

- Large parts of Lima and other areas south of the capital were blacked out after electricity pylons were blown up.

PHR-V

3. black out blacks out; blacking out; blacked out
If a film or a piece of writing is blacked out , it is prevented from being broadcast or published, usually because it contains information which is secret or offensive.

- TV pictures of the demonstration were blacked out.

PHR-V: usu passive
= censor

4. black out blacks out; blacking out; blacked out
If you black out a piece of writing, you colour over it in black so that it cannot be seen.

- U.S. government specialists went through each page, blacking out any information a foreign intelligence expert could use.

- Some Welsh activists have started blacking out English language road signs.

PHR-V
= censor

5. black out blacks out; blacking out; blacked out
If you black out the memory of something, you try not to remember it because it upsets you.

- I tried not to think about it. I blacked it out. It was the easiest way of coping.

PHR-V
See also blackout .

Black Africa

Black Africa
Black Africa is the part of Africa to the south of the Sahara Desert.
N-PROPER

black and white **

1. black and white
In a black and white photograph or film, everything is shown in black, white, and grey.

- ...a black-and-white photo of the two of us together.

- ...old black and white film footage...

- The pictures were in black and white.

COLOUR also black-and-white .

2. black and white
A black and white television set shows only black and white pictures.
ADJ: usu ADJ n also black-and-white .

3. black and white
A black and white issue or situation is one which involves issues which seem simple and therefore easy to make decisions about.

- But this isn't a simple black and white affair, Marianne.

- She saw things in black and white.

ADJ also black-and-white .
= clear-cut

4. black and white
You say that something is in black and white when it has been written or printed, and not just said.

- He'd seen the proof in black and white.

- Maybe you don't want to read about Doug's death in black and white.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR also black-and-white .

blackball

[D.J.:ˈblækbɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈblækˌbɔl]

n.

反对票

v.

投票反对,排斥

blackball

blackball blackballs blackballing blackballed
If the members of a club blackball someone, they vote against that person being allowed to join their club.

- Members can blackball candidates in secret ballots.

VB

black belt

1. black belt black belts
A black belt is worn by someone who has reached a very high standard in a sport such as judo or karate.

- He holds a black belt in karate.

N-COUNT

2. black belt black belts
You can refer to someone who has a black belt in judo or karate as a black belt .

- He's a judo black belt and represented England Under 14s.

N-COUNT

blackberry

[D.J.:ˈblækbəri]

[K.K.:ˈblækˌbɛri]

n.

黑莓

blackberry *

blackberry blackberries
A blackberry is a small, soft black or dark purple fruit.
N-COUNT

blackbird

[D.J.:ˈblækˌbɜ:d]

[K.K.:ˈblækˌbə..d]

n.

黑唱鸫,黑鹂，乌鸦

blackbird

1. blackbird blackbirds
A blackbird is a common European bird. The male has black feathers and a yellow beak, and the female has brown feathers.
N-COUNT

2. blackbird blackbirds
A blackbird is a common North American bird. The male has black feathers and often a red patch on its wings.
N-COUNT

blackboard

[D.J.:ˈblækbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈblækˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

黑板

blackboard *

blackboard blackboards
A blackboard is a dark-coloured board that you can write on with chalk. Blackboards are often used by teachers in the classroom. (BRIT; in AM use chalkboard )
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

black box

1. black box black boxes
A black box is an electronic device in an aircraft which records information about its flights. Black boxes are often used to provide evidence about accidents.
N-COUNT

2. black box black boxes
You can refer to a system or device as a black box when you know that it produces a particular result but you have no understanding of how it works.

- They were part of the black box associated with high-flyer management development.

N-COUNT: usu sing

blackcurrant

[blækˈkʌrənt]

n.

黑醋栗

blackcurrant *

blackcurrant blackcurrants
In Europe, blackcurrants are a type of very small, dark purple fruits that grow in bunches on bushes. (BRIT)

- Place the blackcurrants in a pan.

- ...a carton of blackcurrant drink.

N-COUNT

black economy

black economy
The black economy consists of the buying, selling, and producing of goods or services that goes on without the government being informed, so that people can avoid paying tax on them. (BRIT)

- ...an attempt to clamp down on the black economy.

N-SING

blacken

[D.J.:ˈblækən]

[K.K.:ˈblækən]

vt. & vi.

(使)变黑, 把…弄黑

vt.

败坏(名誉等);诋毁

blackened

[ˈblækənd]

adj.

(食品)涂上辣椒粉和调味品后油炸的；熏制的

blackening

[ˈblækəniŋ]

v.

变黑;致黑

v.

变黑;致黑

blacken *

1. blacken blackens blackening blackened
To blacken something means to make it black or very dark in colour.

- The married women of Shitamachi maintained the custom of blackening their teeth.

- You need to grill the tomatoes until the skins blacken.

V-ERG

2. blacken blackens blackening blackened
If someone blackens your character, they make other people believe that you are a bad person.

- He accused him of knowingly spreading falsehoods in an effort to blacken my character.

- They're trying to blacken our name.

VB

blacken

verb

1.

darken

befoul

begrime

cloud

dirty

make black

smudge

soil

2.

discredit

defame

denigrate

malign

slander

smear

smirch

vilify

black eye

black eye black eyes
If someone has a black eye , they have a dark-coloured bruise around their eye.

- He punched her in the face at least once giving her a black eye.

N-COUNT: usu sing

blackhead

[D.J.:ˈblækhed]

[K.K.:ˈblækˌhɛd]

n.

黑头粉刺

blackhead

blackhead blackheads
Blackheads are small, dark spots on someone's skin caused by blocked pores.
N-COUNT: usu pl

black hole *

1. black hole black holes
Black holes are areas in space, where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from them. Black holes are thought to be formed by collapsed stars.
N-COUNT

2. black hole black holes
If you say that something, especially money, has gone into a black hole , you mean that it has disappeared and cannot be recovered.
N-COUNT: usu sing

black ice

black ice
Black ice is a thin, transparent layer of ice on a road or path that is very difficult to see.
N-SING

blackish

[ˈblækiʃ]

adj.

带黑色的

blackish

blackish
Something that is blackish is very dark in colour.

- ...the water in the well was blackish...

- The woman was about five feet five, slim, with long blackish hair.

COLOUR

blacklist

[D.J.:ˈblækˌlɪst]

[K.K.:ˈblækˌlɪst]

n.

(受怀疑、受冷遇等的)黑名单

vt.

把(某人)列入黑名单

blacklist

1. blacklist blacklists
If someone is on a blacklist , they are seen by a government or other organization as being one of a number of people who cannot be trusted or who have done something wrong.

- A government official disclosed that they were on a secret blacklist.

- Most credit agencies run a 15-year blacklist effectively barring bankrupts from receiving credit.

N-COUNT

2. blacklist blacklists blacklisting blacklisted
If someone is blacklisted by a government or organization, they are put on a blacklist.

- He has been blacklisted since being convicted of possessing marijuana in 1969.

- ...the full list of blacklisted airports.

VB: usu passive

3. blacklisting

- ...a victim of Hollywood's notorious blacklisting.

N-UNCOUNT

blacklist

verb

exclude

ban

bar

boycott

debar

expel

reject

snub

blackmail

[D.J.:ˈblækmeil]

[K.K.:ˈblækˌmel]

n.

敲诈, 勒索

blackmailer

[D.J.:ˈblækˌmeɪlə]

[K.K.:ˈblækˌmelɚ]

n.

敲诈者;勒索者

blackmail *

1. blackmail
Blackmail is the action of threatening to reveal a secret about someone, unless they do something you tell them to do, such as giving you money.

- It looks like the pictures were being used for blackmail.

- Opponents accused him of blackmail and extortion.

N-UNCOUNT

2. blackmail
If you describe an action as emotional or moral blackmail , you disapprove of it because someone is using a person's emotions or moral values to persuade them to do something against their will.

- The tactics employed can range from overt bullying to subtle emotional blackmail.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

3. blackmail blackmails blackmailing blackmailed
If one person blackmails another person, they use blackmail against them.

- He told her their affair would have to stop, because Jack Smith was blackmailing him.

- The government insisted that it would not be blackmailed by violence.

- I thought he was trying to blackmail me into saying whatever he wanted.

VB

4. blackmailer blackmailers

- The nasty thing about a blackmailer is that his starting point is usually the truth.

N-COUNT

blackmail

noun

1.

threat

extortion

hush money slang

intimidation

ransom

verb

2.

threaten

coerce

compel

demand

extort

hold to ransom

intimidate

squeeze

black mark

black mark black marks
A black mark against someone is something bad that they have done or a bad quality that they have which affects the way people think about them.

- The Commission's verdict was an indelible black mark against me.

N-COUNT

black market *

black market black markets
If something is bought or sold on the black market , it is bought or sold illegally.

- There is a plentiful supply of arms on the black market.

- ...black market food prices.

N-COUNT

black marketeer

black marketeer black marketeers
A black marketeer is someone who sells goods on the black market. (JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT

blackness

[D.J.:ˈblæknɪs]

n.

黑色,黑,黑暗

邪恶;阴险

阴郁;生气

黑人民族性;黑人的民族自豪感

blackness *

blackness
Blackness is the state of being very dark. (LITERARY)

- The twilight had turned to a deep blackness.

N-UNCOUNT

blackness

noun

darkness

duskiness

gloom

murkiness

swarthiness

blackout

[D.J.:ˈblækˌaʊt]

[K.K.:ˈblækˌaʊt]

n.

断电;停电

新闻封锁

灯火管制(期)

暂时性眼前昏黑;突然发昏

(广播等)停止

不透光窗罩〔窗帘〕

blackout *

1. blackout blackouts
A blackout is a period of time during a war in which towns and buildings are made dark so that they cannot be seen by enemy planes.

- ...blackout curtains.

N-COUNT: usu sing also black-out .

2. blackout blackouts
If a blackout is imposed on a particular piece of news, journalists are prevented from broadcasting or publishing it.

- ...a media blackout imposed by the Imperial Palace...

- Journalists said there was a virtual news blackout about the rally.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu n N also black-out .
= embargo

3. blackout blackouts
If there is a power blackout , the electricity supply to a place is temporarily cut off.

- There was an electricity black-out in a large area in the north of the country.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu n N also black-out .

4. blackout blackouts
If you have a blackout , you temporarily lose consciousness.

- I suffered a black-out which lasted for several minutes.

N-COUNT also black-out .

blackout

noun

1.

unconsciousness

coma

faint

loss of consciousness

oblivion

swoon

2.

noncommunication

censorship

radio silence

secrecy

suppression

withholding news

black pepper *

black pepper
Black pepper is pepper which is dark in colour and has been made from the dried berries of the pepper plant, including their black outer cases.
N-UNCOUNT

black pudding

black pudding black puddings
Black pudding is a thick sausage which has a black skin and is made from pork fat and pig's blood. (mainly BRIT)
N-VAR

black sheep

black sheep
If you describe someone as the black sheep of their family or of a group that they are a member of, you mean that they are considered bad or worthless by other people in that family or group.
N-COUNT: usu sing, oft the N of n disapproval

black sheep

noun

disgrace

bad egg old-fashioned informal

dropout

ne'er-do-well

outcast

prodigal

renegade

reprobate

wastrel

blacksmith

[D.J.:ˈblæksmi:θ]

[K.K.:ˈblækˌsmɪθ]

n.

铁匠, 锻工

blacksmith *

blacksmith blacksmiths
A blacksmith is a person whose job is making things by hand out of metal that has been heated to a high temperature.
N-COUNT

black spot

1. black spot black spots
If you describe a place, time, or part of a situation as a black spot , you mean that it is particularly bad or likely to cause problems. (BRIT)

- There are recognised black spots in marriages which can lead to trouble.

- Gainsborough is known as an unemployment blackspot.

N-COUNT also blackspot .

2. black spot black spots
A black spot is a place on a road where accidents often happen. (BRIT)

- The accident happened on a notorious black spot on the A43.

N-COUNT also blackspot .

black tie

1. black tie
A black tie event is a formal social event such as a party at which people wear formal clothes called evening dress.

- Tonight the college is hosting a black-tie dinner for 100 of its former students.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also black-tie .

2. black tie
If a man is dressed in black tie , he is wearing formal evening dress, which includes a dinner jacket or tuxedo and a bow tie.

- Most of the guests will be wearing black tie.

N-UNCOUNT also black-tie .

blacktop

[D.J.:ˈblækˌtɔp]

[K.K.:ˈblækˌtɑp]

n.

沥青质原料,柏油路

blacktop

blacktop
Blacktop is a hard black substance which is used as a surface for roads. (AM; in BRIT use tarmac )

- ...waves of heat rising from the blacktop.

N-UNCOUNT

bladder

[D.J.:ˈblædə]

[K.K.:ˈblædɚ]

n.

〈解〉膀胱

囊, 袋

bladder *

bladder bladders
Your bladder is the part of your body where urine is stored until it leaves your body. See also gall bladder .
N-COUNT

blade

[D.J.:bleid]

[K.K.:bled]

n.

刀口, 刀刃

叶片, 草叶

blade **

1. blade blades
The blade of a knife, axe, or saw is the edge, which is used for cutting.

- Many of them will have sharp blades.

N-COUNT

2. blade blades
The blades of a propeller are the long, flat parts that turn round.
N-COUNT: usu pl

3. blade blades
The blade of an oar is the thin flat part that you put into the water.
N-COUNT

4. blade blades
A blade of grass is a single piece of grass.
N-COUNT

blagging

[D.J.:ˈblægɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈblæɡɪŋ]

n.

闲聊

blag

blag blags blagging blagged
To blag something such as a concert ticket means to persuade someone to give it to you free. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She'd heard he was a musician and blagged a tape off a friend of his.

VB

blah

[D.J.:bla:]

[K.K.:blɑ]

n.

〈美俚〉空谈, 废话

blah *

blah
You use blah, blah, blah to refer to something that is said or written without giving the actual words, because you think that they are boring or unimportant. (INFORMAL)

- ...the different challenges of their career, their need to change, to evolve, blah blah blah.

CONVENTION

blame

[D.J.:bleim]

[K.K.:blem]

vt.

指责, 责怪, 归咎于

n.

责任

blamed

[D.J.:bleimd]

[K.K.:blemd]

adj.

该死的,混蛋的

blame ****

1. blame blames blaming blamed
If you blame a person or thing for something bad, you believe or say that they are responsible for it or that they caused it.

- The commission is expected to blame the army for many of the atrocities.

- The police blamed the explosion on terrorists.

- If it wasn't Sam's fault, why was I blaming him?

VB

2. blame
Also a noun.

- Nothing could relieve my terrible sense of blame.

N-UNCOUNT

3. blame
The blame for something bad that has happened is the responsibility for causing it or letting it happen.

- Some of the blame for the miscarriage of justice must be borne by the solicitors.

- The president put the blame squarely on his opponent.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n/-ing

4. blame blames blaming blamed
If you say that you do not blame someone for doing something, you mean that you consider it was a reasonable thing to do in the circumstances.

- I do not blame them for trying to make some money.

- He slammed the door and stormed off. I could hardly blame him.

VB: usu with brd-neg

5. blame
If someone is to blame for something bad that has happened, they are responsible for causing it.

- If their forces were not involved, then who is to blame?.

- The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.

PHR: v-link PHR

6. blame
If you say that someone has only themselves to blame or has no-one but themselves to blame , you mean that they are responsible for something bad that has happened to them and that you have no sympathy for them.

- My life is ruined and I suppose I only have myself to blame.

PHR: V inflects

blame

verb

1.

hold responsible

accuse

censure

chide

condemn

criticize

find fault with

reproach

noun

2.

responsibility

accountability

culpability

fault

guilt

liability

onus

blameless

[D.J.:ˈbleimlis]

[K.K.:ˈblemlɪs]

adj.

无罪的; 无可指责的, 清白的

blameless

blameless
Someone who is blameless has not done anything wrong.

- He feels he is blameless.

- The US itself, of course, is not entirely blameless in trading matters.

- ...a blameless life.

ADJ-GRADED

blameless

adjective

innocent

above suspicion

clean

faultless

guiltless

immaculate

impeccable

irreproachable

perfect

unblemished

virtuous

blanch

[D.J.:blæntʃ]

[K.K.:blæntʃ]

vt.

使变白；使变苍白

使(植物)不见阳光而变白

<烹>用沸水烫(杏仁等)以便去皮;用沸水烫使(蔬菜等)变白

<冶>酸洗(金属)使有光泽;在...上镀锡

vi.

变得(脸色)苍白

blanching

adj.

漂白的

blanching

[ˈblɑ:ŋtʃiŋ]

n.

热烫

blanch *

1. blanch blanches blanching blanched
If you blanch , you suddenly become very pale.

- Simon Doggett's face blanched as he looked at Sharpe's frayed and blood-drenched uniform.

- She felt herself blanch at the unpleasant memories.

VB

2. blanch blanches blanching blanched
If you say that someone blanches at something, you mean that they find it unpleasant and do not want to be involved with it.

- Everything he had said had been a mistake. He blanched at his miscalculations.

- There are places you can take physically handicapped children where staff don't blanch at the sight of a wheelchair.

VB

3. blanch blanches blanching blanched
If you blanch vegetables, fruit, or nuts, you put them into boiling water for a short time, usually in order to remove their skins, or to prepare them for freezing.

- Skin the peaches by blanching them.

VB

blancmange

[D.J.:bləˈmɔnʒ]

[K.K.:bləˈmɑndʒ, -ˈmɑŋʒ]

n.

牛奶冻

blancmange

blancmange blancmanges
Blancmange is a cold dessert that is made from milk, sugar, cornflour or corn starch, and flavouring and looks rather like jelly.
N-VAR

bland

[D.J.:blænd]

[K.K.:blænd]

adj.

(食物)淡而无味的

平和的, 温和的, 无动于衷的

blandness

n.

温柔,爽快

bland **

1. bland blander blandest
If you describe someone or something as bland , you mean that they are rather dull and unexciting.

- Serle has a blander personality than Howard.

- It sounds like an advert: easy on the ear but bland and forgettable.

- ...a bland, 12-storey office block.

ADJ-GRADED

2. blandness

- ...the blandness of television.

N-UNCOUNT

3. bland blander blandest
Food that is bland has very little flavour.

- It tasted bland and insipid, like warmed cardboard.

ADJ-GRADED

bland

adjective

dull

boring

flat

humdrum

insipid

tasteless

unexciting

uninspiring

vapid

blandishments

[D.J.:ˈblændɪʃmənts]

[K.K.:ˈblændɪʃmənts]

n.

甜言蜜语,奉承话;哄骗,诱惑

blandishments

blandishments
Blandishments are pleasant things that someone says to another person in order to persuade them to do something. (FORMAL)

- At first Lewis resisted their blandishments.

N-PLURAL: oft with poss
= flattery

blandly

adv.

温和地,殷勤地

blandly

blandly
If you do something blandly , you do it in a calm and quiet way.

- `Shouldn't you spend a little more time on it?' Sylvia asked blandly.

- The nurse smiled blandly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

blank

[D.J.:blæŋk]

[K.K.:blæŋk]

adj.

空白的, 空着的

茫然的, 无表情的

blankly

[D.J.:ˈblæ ŋklɪ]

[K.K.:ˈblæ ŋklɪ]

adv.

茫然地

完全地

blankness

n.

空白,单调,空虚

blank **

1. blank
Something that is blank has nothing on it.

- We could put some of the pictures over on that blank wall over there.

- He tore a blank page from his notebook.

- ...blank cassettes.

ADJ

2. blank blanks
A blank is a space which is left in a piece of writing or on a printed form for you to fill in particular information.

- Put a word in each blank to complete the sentence.

N-COUNT

3. blank
If you look blank , your face shows no feeling, understanding, or interest.

- Abbot looked blank. `I don't quite follow, sir.'.

- His daughter gave him a blank look.

ADJ-GRADED

4. blankly

- She stared at him blankly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. blankness

- His eyes have the blankness of someone half-asleep.

N-UNCOUNT

6. blank
If your mind or memory is a blank , you cannot think of anything or remember anything.

- I'm sorry, but my mind is a blank.

- I came round in hospital and did not know where I was. Everything was a complete blank.

N-SING: a N

7. blank blanks
Blanks are gun cartridges which contain explosive but do not contain a bullet, so that they cause no harm when the gun is fired.

- ...a starter pistol which only fires blanks.

N-COUNT: usu pl

8. blank
If you draw a blank when you are looking for someone or something, you do not succeed in finding them. (INFORMAL)

- They drew a blank in their search for the driver.

PHR: V inflects

9. blank
If your mind goes blank , you are suddenly unable to think of anything appropriate to say, for example in reply to a question.

- My mind went totally blank.

PHR: V inflects

blank

adjective

1.

unmarked

bare

clean

clear

empty

plain

void

white

2.

expressionless

deadpan

empty

impassive

poker-faced informal

vacant

vague

noun

3.

empty space

emptiness

gap

nothingness

space

vacancy

vacuum

void

blank out **

blank out blanks out; blanking out; blanked out
If you blank out a particular feeling or thought, you do not allow yourself to experience that feeling or to have that thought.

- I learned to blank those feelings out.

- I was trying to blank out previous situations from my mind.

PHR-V
= block out

blank cheque

1. blank cheque blank cheques
If someone is given a blank cheque , they are given the authority to spend as much money as they need or want. (JOURNALISM)

- We are not prepared to write a blank cheque for companies that have run into trouble.

N-COUNT (AM) blank check

2. blank cheque blank cheques
If someone is given a blank cheque , they are given the authority to do what they think is best in a particular situation. (JOURNALISM)

- He has, in a sense, been given a blank cheque to negotiate the new South Africa.

N-COUNT (AM) blank check
= carte blanche

blanket

[D.J.:ˈblæŋkit]

[K.K.:ˈblæŋkɪt]

n.

毛毯, 毯子

blanketing

[ˈblæŋkitiŋ]

n.

毛毯类的东西

blanket **

1. blanket blankets
A blanket is a large square or rectangular piece of thick cloth, especially one which you put on a bed to keep you warm.
N-COUNT

2. blanket blankets
A blanket of something such as snow is a continuous layer of it which hides what is below or beyond it.

- The mud disappeared under a blanket of snow.

- Cold damp air brought in the new year under a blanket of fog.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n

3. blanket
You can refer to something such as an unpleasant emotion or an undesirable quality that seems to affect every aspect of a particular situation as a blanket of that emotion or quality. (LITERARY)

- It seems as if the blanket of depression is in some way necessary to help them blot out the even greater pain of real life.

- A blanket of silence descended.

N-SING: N of n

4. blanket blankets blanketing blanketed
If something such as snow blankets an area, it covers it.

- More than a foot of snow blanketed parts of Michigan.

- With a thick mist now blanketing the trees, I got thoroughly lost.

VB

5. blanket
You use blanket to describe something when you want to emphasize that it affects or refers to every person or thing in a group, without any exceptions.

- There's already a blanket ban on foreign unskilled labour in Japan.

- ...the blanket coverage of the Barcelona Olympics.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis
= comprehensive

blanket

noun

1.

cover

coverlet

rug

2.

covering

carpet

cloak

coat

layer

mantle

sheet

verb

3.

cover

cloak

coat

conceal

hide

mask

obscure

suppress

blank verse

blank verse
Blank verse is poetry that does not rhyme. In English literature it usually consists of lines with five stressed syllables.
N-UNCOUNT

blare

[D.J.:bleə]

[K.K.:blɛr]

vi.

(喇叭或其他高音器具)刺耳地大声鸣响

vt.

嘟嘟地发出;高声发出

blare out; blare sth out

(音乐)声音响亮；(收音机等)高声播出(音乐)

n.

嘟嘟声;响而刺耳的声音

(颜色等的)光泽

blare *

1. blare blares blaring blared
If something such as a siren or radio blares , it makes a loud, unpleasant noise.

- The fire engines were just pulling up, sirens blaring.

- Music blared from the flat behind me.

- I blared my horn.

V-ERG

2. blare
Also a noun.

- ...the blare of a radio through a thin wall.

N-SING: N of n

3. blare out; blares out; blaring out; blared out
Blare out means the same as blare .

- Music blares out from every cafe.

- ...giant loudspeakers which blare out patriotic music and the speeches of their leader.

PHR-V-ERG

blare

verb

sound out

blast

clamour

clang

resound

roar

scream

trumpet

blarney

[D.J.:ˈblɑ:ni:]

[K.K.:ˈblɑrni]

n.

哄骗的话,奉承话

胡扯,欺人之谈

vt.

奉承,哄骗

blarney

blarney
Blarney is things someone says that are flattering and amusing but probably untrue, and which you think they are only saying in order to please you or to persuade you to do something.
N-UNCOUNT disapproval

blarney

noun

flattery

blandishment

cajolery

coaxing

soft soap informal

spiel

sweet talk informal

wheedling

blas´e

blas´e
If you describe someone as blas´e , you mean that they are not easily impressed, excited, or worried by things, usually because they have seen or experienced them before.

- The consumer has now become very blas´e about the foods he buys and expects to be able to buy fresh strawberries in December.

- ...his seemingly blas´e attitude.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n also blase . disapproval

blas´e

adjective

indifferent

apathetic

lukewarm

nonchalant

offhand

unconcerned

blaspheme

[D.J.:blæsˈfi:m]

[K.K.:blæsˈfim, ˈblæsˌfim]

vt. & vi.

亵渎; 辱骂, 中伤

blasphemer

n.

亵渎者,辱骂者

blaspheme

1. blaspheme blasphemes blaspheming blasphemed
If someone blasphemes , they say rude or disrespectful things about God or religion, or they use God's name as a swear word.

- He cursed and blasphemed to his last gasp.

- The spiritual leader charged that the book blasphemed against Islam.

VB

2. blasphemer blasphemers

- Such a figure is liable to be attacked as a blasphemer.

N-COUNT

blaspheme

verb

curse

abuse

damn

desecrate

execrate

profane

revile

swear

blasphemous

[D.J.:ˈblæsfəməs]

[K.K.:ˈblæsfəməs]

adj.

亵渎上帝的,亵渎宗教信仰的

blasphemous

blasphemous
You can describe someone who shows disrespect for God or a religion as blasphemous . You can also describe what they are saying or doing as blasphemous .

- He tried to stop me, saying I was being blasphemous.

- ...works which they describe as blasphemous or obscene.

ADJ

blasphemous

adjective

irreverent

godless

impious

irreligious

profane

sacrilegious

ungodly

blasphemy

[D.J.:ˈblæsfəmi:]

[K.K.:ˈblæsfəmi]

n.

对上帝的亵渎,亵渎的言词〔行为〕

侮慢的言词(或行为)

blasphemy *

blasphemy blasphemies
You can describe something that shows disrespect for God or a religion as blasphemy .

- He was found guilty of blasphemy and seditious libel and sentenced to three years in jail.

- The MP described the killings as a blasphemy before God.

N-VAR

blasphemy

noun

irreverence

cursing

desecration

execration

impiety

profanity

sacrilege

swearing

blast

[D.J.:blɑ:st]

[K.K.:blæst]

n.

爆炸

一阵(疾风等), 一股(强烈的气流)

vt. & vi.

炸, 炸掉

blasted

[D.J.:ˈblɑ:stid]

[K.K.:ˈblæstɪd]

adj.

枯萎的,被害的,被诅咒的

blasting

[ˈblɑ:stiŋ]

n.

爆破(作业)

blast ***

1. blast blasts
A blast is a big explosion, especially one caused by a bomb.

- 250 people were killed in the blast.

N-COUNT

2. blast blasts blasting blasted
If something is blasted into a particular place or state, an explosion causes it to be in that place or state. If a hole is blasted in something, it is created by an explosion.

- There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.

- ...a terrible accident in which his left arm was blasted off by some kind of a bomb...

- Earlier two holes were blasted into the ship's hull to let water out and stabilise the ferry.

- The explosion which followed blasted out the external supporting wall of her flat.

VB

3. blast blasts blasting blasted
If workers are blasting rock, they are using explosives to make holes in it or destroy it, for example so that a road or tunnel can be built.

- Their work was taken up with boring and blasting rock with gelignite.

- They're using dynamite to blast away rocks to put a road in.

VB

4. blasting

- Three miles away there was a salvo of blasting in the quarry.

N-UNCOUNT

5. blast blasts blasting blasted
To blast someone means to shoot them with a gun. (JOURNALISM)

- A son blasted his father to death after a life-time of bullying, a court was told yesterday.

- Alan Barnett, 28, was blasted with a sawn-off shotgun in Oldham on Thursday.

VB

6. blast blasts
Also a noun.

- ...the man who killed Nigel Davies with a shotgun blast.

N-COUNT

7. blast blasts blasting blasted
If someone blasts their way somewhere, they get there by shooting at people or causing an explosion.

- The police were reported to have blasted their way into the house using explosives.

- One armoured column attempted to blast a path through a barricade of buses and trucks.

VB

8. blast blasts blasting blasted
If something blasts water or air somewhere, it sends out a sudden, powerful stream of it.

- Blasting cold air over it makes the water evaporate.

- A blizzard was blasting great drifts of snow across the lake.

VB

9. blast blasts
Also a noun.

- Blasts of cold air swept down from the mountains.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

10. blast blasts blasting blasted
If you blast something such as a car horn, or if it blasts , it makes a sudden, loud sound. If something blasts music, or music blasts , the music is very loud.

- ...drivers who do not blast their horns...

- The sound of western music blasted as she entered.

V-ERG

11. blast blasts
Also a noun.

- The buzzer suddenly responded in a long blast of sound.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

12. blast blasts blasting blasted
You can say that a sports player blasts the ball somewhere if he or she gives it a powerful kick or hit. (JOURNALISM)

- Ramsay blasted the ball into the back of the net.

- He may try to blast his way out of trouble, playing attacking shots to balls he would not normally contemplate hitting.

VB

13. blast blasts blasting blasted
To blast someone or something means to criticize them strongly. (JOURNALISM)

- Football: Taylor blasts Beck.

- The Department of Health and a top immunologist have blasted a report in last week's Sunday Times.

VB

14. blast blasts
Also a noun.

- Cricket: Blast for Ormrod.

N-COUNT: usu sing

15. blast
Some people say ` blast ' to show that they are annoyed at something or someone. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- Blast! I can't do anything with this.

EXCLAM feelings

16. blast
If you say that something was a blast , you mean that you enjoyed it very much. (INFORMAL)

- Making the album was a real blast.

N-SING

17. blast
If something such as a radio or a heater is on full blast , or on at full blast , it is producing as much sound or power as it is able to.

- In many of those homes the television is on full blast 24 hours a day.

- You are unlikely to run the heater at full blast for long periods.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

18. blast
You can use a blast from the past as a light-hearted way of referring to something such as an old record or fashion that you hear or notice again, and which reminds you of an earlier time. (INFORMAL)
PHR

blasted

1. blasted
Some people use blasted to express anger or annoyance at something or someone. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- I couldn't get that blasted door open.

ADJ: ADJ n feelings

2. blasted
A blasted landscape has very few plants or trees, and makes you feel sad or depressed when you look at it. (LITERARY)

- The photograph shows the blasted landscape where the battle was fought.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= bleak

blast

noun

1.

explosion

bang

burst

crash

detonation

discharge

eruption

outburst

salvo

volley

2.

gust

gale

squall

storm

strong breeze

tempest

3.

blare

blow

clang

honk

peal

scream

toot

wail

verb

4.

blow up

break up

burst

demolish

destroy

explode

put paid to

ruin

shatter

blast away ***

1. blast away blasts away; blasting away; blasted away
If a gun, or a person firing a gun, blasts away , the gun is fired continuously for a period of time.

- Suddenly all the men pull out pistols and begin blasting away.

PHR-V

2. blast away blasts away; blasting away; blasted away
If something such as a radio or a pop group is blasting away , it is producing a loud noise.

- Clock-radios blast away until you get up.

PHR-V

blast off ***

blast off blasts off; blasting off; blasted off
When a space rocket blasts off , it leaves the ground at the start of its journey.
PHR-V
See also blast-off .

blast out ***

blast out blasts out; blasting out; blasted out
If music or noise is blasting out , loud music or noise is being produced.

- ...loudspeakers blasting out essential tourist facts in every language known to man...

- Pop music can be heard 10 miles away blasting out from the huge tented shanty-town.

PHR-V-ERG

blast furnace

blast furnace blast furnaces
A blast furnace is a large structure in which iron ore is heated under pressure so that it melts and the pure iron metal separates out and can be collected.
N-COUNT

blast-off

n.

发射

blast-off

blast-off
Blast-off is the moment when a rocket leaves the ground and rises into the air to begin a journey into space.

- The original planned launch was called off four minutes before blast-off.

N-UNCOUNT

blatant

[D.J.:ˈbleɪtnt]

[K.K.:ˈbletn..t]

adj.

吵嚷的；喧哗的

极明显的，公然的

无耻的,露骨的

刺眼的;炫耀的

blatantly

adv.

无耻地,露骨地

blatantly

[D.J.:ˈbleɪtəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbletntlɪ]

adv.

喧闹地

公然地

blatant *

1. blatant
You use blatant to describe something bad that is done in an open or very obvious way.

- Outsiders will continue to suffer the most blatant discrimination.

- ...a blatant attempt to spread the blame for the fiasco...

- The elitism was blatant.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis

2. blatantly

- ...a blatantly sexist question...

- They said the song blatantly encouraged the killing of policemen.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

blatantly *

blatantly
Blatantly is used to add emphasis when you are describing states or situations which you think are bad.

- It became blatantly obvious to me that the band wasn't going to last.

- For years, blatantly false assertions have gone unchallenged.

- This argument is only too blatantly an alibi for domestic repression.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj, also ADV with v, ADV with cl emphasis

blatant

adjective

obvious

brazen

conspicuous

flagrant

glaring

obtrusive

ostentatious

overt

blather

[D.J.:ˈblæðə]

[K.K.:ˈblæðɚ]

n.

蠢话

vt.

说蠢话, 胡说

blather

1. blather blathers blathering blathered
If someone is blathering on about something, they are talking for a long time about something that you consider boring or unimportant.

- The old men love to talk, to blather on and on.

- Stop blathering.

- He kept on blathering about police incompetence.

VB

2. blather
Also a noun.

- Anyone knows that all this is blather.

N-UNCOUNT

blaze

[D.J.:bleiz]

[K.K.:blez]

n.

火焰, 烈火

光辉, 闪耀

迸发, 爆发

vi.

猛烈地燃烧

发光, 照耀

blazes

[ˈbleiziz]

n.

〈俚〉地狱

blazing

[ˈbleiziŋ]

adj.

酷热的; 炽热的

极其愤怒的; 感情强烈的

blaze **

1. blaze blazes blazing blazed
When a fire blazes , it burns strongly and brightly.

- Three people died as wreckage blazed, and rescuers fought to release trapped drivers.

- The log fire was blazing merrily.

- ...a blazing fire.

VB

2. blaze blazes
A blaze is a large fire which is difficult to control and which destroys a lot of things. (JOURNALISM)

- Two fireman were hurt in a blaze which swept through a tower block last night.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. blaze blazes blazing blazed
If something blazes with light or colour, it is extremely bright. (LITERARY)

- The gardens blazed with colour.

VB

4. blaze blazes
Also a noun.

- I wanted the front garden to be a blaze of colour.

N-COUNT: usu a N of n

5. blaze blazes blazing blazed
If someone's eyes are blazing with an emotion, or if an emotion is blazing in their eyes, their eyes look very bright because they are feeling that emotion so strongly. (LITERARY)

- He got to his feet and his dark eyes were blazing with anger.

- Eva stood up and indignation blazed in her eyes.

- His eyes blazed intently into mine.

- Miss Turner turned blazing eyes on the victim.

VB: usu cont
= burn

6. blaze
A blaze of publicity or attention is a great amount of it.

- He was arrested in a blaze of publicity.

- ...the sporting career that began in a blaze of glory.

N-SING: a N of n

7. blaze blazes blazing blazed
If guns blaze , or blaze away, they fire continuously, making a lot of noise.

- Guns were blazing, flares going up and the sky was lit up all around.

- She took the gun and blazed away with calm and deadly accuracy.

VB

8. blaze
If someone blazes a trail , they discover or develop something new.

- These surgeons have blazed the trail in the treatment of bomb victims.

PHR: V inflects
= lead the way

blazing

1. blazing
Blazing sun or blazing hot weather is very hot.

- Quite a few people were eating outside in the blazing sun.

- ...freezing cold winters and blazing hot summers.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. blazing
When people have a blazing row, they quarrel in a very noisy and excited way. (BRIT)

- My husband has just had a blazing row with his boss.

ADJ: ADJ n

blaze

noun

1.

fire

bonfire

conflagration

flames

2.

glare

beam

brilliance

flare

flash

gleam

glitter

glow

light

radiance

verb

3.

burn

fire

flame

4.

shine

beam

flare

flash

glare

gleam

glow

blazer

[D.J.:ˈbleizə]

[K.K.:ˈblezɚ]

n.

宽松运动外衣

blazer *

blazer blazers
A blazer is a kind of jacket which is often worn by members of a particular group, especially schoolchildren and members of a sports team.
N-COUNT

bldg.

建筑物

bldg

bldg
Bldg is a written abbreviation for building , and it is used especially in the names of buildings.

- ...Old National Bank Bldg.

(AM) bldg.

bleach

[D.J.:bli:tʃ]

[K.K.:blitʃ]

vt. & vi.

使(颜色)变淡, 变白; 漂白

n.

漂白剂

bleached

[bli:tʃt]

adj.

漂白的, 晒白的, 颜色变浅的

bleaching

[ˈbli:tʃiŋ]

n.

漂白法,漂白

adj.

漂白的

bleach *

1. bleach bleaches bleaching bleached
If you bleach something, you use a chemical to make it white or pale in colour.

- These products don't bleach the hair.

- Commercial flour is bleached artificially.

- ...bleached pine tables.

- ...a bleaching agent.

VB

2. bleach bleaches bleaching bleached
If the sun bleaches something, or something bleaches, its colour gets paler until it is almost white.

- The tree's roots are stripped and hung to season and bleach.

- The sun will bleach the hairs on your face.

- He has hair which is naturally black but which has been bleached by the sun.

- ...bleached seaweed.

V-ERG
= weather-beaten

3. bleach bleaches
Bleach is a chemical that is used to make cloth white, or to clean things thoroughly and kill germs.
N-MASS

bleach

verb

whiten

blanch

fade

grow pale

lighten

wash out

bleachers

[D.J.:ˈbli:tʃəz]

n.

<美>(运动场的)廉价座位；露天看台

bleachers

bleachers
The bleachers are a part of an outdoor sports stadium, or the seats in that area, which are usually uncovered and are the least expensive place where people can sit. (AM)
N-PLURAL: usu the N

bleak

[D.J.:bli:k]

[K.K.:blik]

adj.

阴冷的; 阴郁的, 凄凉的

没有希望的, 暗淡的

bleakly

[D.J.:ˈbli:klɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbliklɪ]

adv.

无望地;阴郁地;苍凉地

bleakness

缺少颜色、缺少植被、缺少友爱的性质和状态

bleak **

1. bleak bleaker bleakest
If a situation is bleak , it is bad, and seems unlikely to improve.

- The immediate outlook remains bleak.

- Many predicted a bleak future.

ADJ-GRADED
= gloomy ≠ bright

2. bleakness

- The continued bleakness of the American job market was blamed.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

3. bleak bleaker bleakest
If you describe a place as bleak , you mean that it looks cold, empty, and unattractive.

- The island's pretty bleak.

- ...bleak inner-city streets.

ADJ-GRADED

4. bleak bleaker bleakest
When the weather is bleak , it is cold, dull, and unpleasant.

- The weather can be quite bleak on the coast.

ADJ-GRADED

5. bleak bleaker bleakest
If someone looks or sounds bleak , they look or sound depressed, as if they have no hope or energy.

- His face was bleak.

- Alberg gave him a bleak stare.

ADJ-GRADED

6. bleakly

- `There is nothing left,' she says bleakly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

bleak

adjective

1.

exposed

bare

barren

desolate

unsheltered

weather-beaten

windswept

2.

dismal

cheerless

depressing

discouraging

dreary

gloomy

grim

hopeless

joyless

sombre

bleary

[D.J.:ˈbliəri]

[K.K.:ˈblɪri]

adj.

视线模糊的, 朦胧的

bleary

bleary
If your eyes are bleary , they look dull or tired, as if you have not had enough sleep or have drunk too much alcohol.

- I arrived bleary-eyed and rumpled.

- Mona smiled at her through bleary eyes.

ADJ

bleary

adjective

dim

blurred

blurry

foggy

fuzzy

hazy

indistinct

misty

murky

bleat

[D.J.:bli:t]

[K.K.:blit]

vi.

(羊, 小牛)叫, 咩咩的叫

发出羊叫似的声音

哭诉,抱怨

胡扯

轻声诉说

vt.

咩咩地发出

以颤抖可怜的声音说出

愚蠢地讲

n.

(小羊)咩咩的叫声

羊叫似的声音

bleat

1. bleat bleats bleating bleated
When a sheep or goat bleats , it makes the sound that sheep and goats typically make.

- From the slope below, the wild goats bleated faintly.

- ...a small flock of bleating ewes and lambs.

VB

2. bleat bleats
Also a noun.

- ...the faint bleat of a distressed animal.

N-COUNT

3. bleat bleats bleating bleated
If someone bleats , they speak in a weak, high voice. (WRITTEN)

- `I don't want it,' Eric bleated.

VB

4. bleat bleats
Also a noun.

- She wanted to scream, but all that would come out was this faint bleat.

N-COUNT

5. bleat bleats bleating bleated
If you say that someone bleats about something, you mean that they complain about it in a way which makes them sound weak and irritating.

- They are always bleating about `unfair' foreign competition.

- Don't come bleating to me every time something goes wrong.

VB disappproval
= whinge whine

bleat on about

bleat on bleats on; bleating on; bleated on
If you say that someone is bleating on about something, you mean that they are talking about it a great deal in a way which makes them sound weak and irritating. (mainly BRIT)

- It's no good bleating on about it, you ought to do something about it.

PHR-V disapproval

bled

[bled]

v.

流血

bleed

[D.J.:bli:d]

[K.K.:blid]

vi.

流血

vt.

勒索; 敲诈

bleeding

[D.J.:ˈbli:diŋ]

[K.K.:ˈblidɪŋ]

adj.

(用于加强语气, 尤表示非常厌烦)该死的, 讨厌的

bled

bled
Bled is the past tense and past participle of bleed .

bleed **

1. bleed bleeds bleeding bled
When you bleed , you lose blood from your body as a result of injury or illness.

- His head had struck the sink and was bleeding.

- He was bleeding profusely.

- She's going to bleed to death!

VB

2. bleeding

- This results in internal bleeding.

N-UNCOUNT

3. bleed bleeds bleeding bled
If the colour of one substance bleeds into the colour of another substance that it is touching, it goes into the other thing so that its colour changes in an undesirable way.

- The colouring pigments from the skins are not allowed to bleed into the grape juice.

VB

4. bleed bleeds bleeding bled
If someone is being bled , money or other resources are gradually being taken away from them.

- We have been gradually bled for twelve years.

- They mean to bleed the British to the utmost.

VB disapproval

5. bleed
If someone is being bled dry or is being bled white , all of their money or other resources are gradually being taken away from them.

- The war has bled the once-strong Armenian economy dry.

PHR: V inflects

bleeding

bleeding
Bleeding is used by some people to emphasize what they are saying, especially when they feel strongly about something or dislike something. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

bleed

verb

1.

lose blood

flow

gush

ooze

run

shed blood

spurt

2.

draw or take blood

extract

leech

3.

extort

drain

exhaust

fleece

milk

squeeze

bleeding heart

bleeding heart bleeding hearts
If you describe someone as a bleeding heart , you are criticizing them for being sympathetic towards people who are poor and suffering, without doing anything practical to help.

- ...a sort of `soft' option that the bleeding heart liberals will push for.

N-COUNT: oft N n also bleeding-heart . disapproval

bleep

[D.J.:bli:p]

[K.K.:blip]

n.

哔哔声

vi.

发出哔哔声

vt.

召唤(某人)

bleep *

1. bleep bleeps
A bleep is a short, high-pitched sound, usually one of a series, that is made by an electrical device. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT
= beep

2. bleep bleeps bleeping bleeped
If something electronic bleeps , it makes a short, high-pitched sound. (mainly BRIT)

- When we turned the boat about, the signal began to bleep again constantly.

VB
= beep

3. bleep out bleeps out; bleeping out; bleeped out
In a television or radio programme, when someone bleeps out an offensive word, they use an electronic device to make the sound of a bleep so that people cannot hear the word.

- Quick-thinking TV bosses bleeped out the abuse.

- I hope Channel 4 doesn't bleep it out.

PHR-V

bleeper

[ˈbli:pə]

n.

无线电传呼机,BP机

bleeper

bleeper bleepers
A bleeper is the same as a beeper . (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

blemish

[D.J.:ˈblemɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈblɛmɪʃ]

vt.

有损…的完美, 玷污

n.

(身体的)瘢点;伤疤

瑕疵, 污点

blemish *

1. blemish blemishes
A blemish is a small mark on something that spoils its appearance.

- Every piece is closely scrutinised, and if there is the slightest blemish on it, it is rejected.

N-COUNT

2. blemish blemishes
A blemish on something is a small fault in it.

- This is the one blemish on an otherwise resounding success.

N-COUNT: oft N on n
= imperfection

3. blemish blemishes blemishing blemished
If something blemishes someone's character or reputation, it spoils it or makes it seem less good than it was in the past.

- He wasn't about to blemish that pristine record.

VB
= tarnish

blemished

blemished
You use blemished to describe something such as someone's skin or a piece of fruit when its appearance is spoiled by small marks.

- ...a skin tonic for oily, blemished complexions.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

blemish

noun Informal

1.

mark

blot

defect

disfigurement

fault

flaw

imperfection

smudge

stain

taint

verb

2.

stain

damage

disfigure

impair

injure

mar

mark

spoil

sully

taint

tarnish

blend

[D.J.:blend]

[K.K.:blɛnd]

vt. & vi.

(使)混合, (使)混杂

n.

混合物

blended

(酒等)数种混合的

blending

[ˈblendiŋ]

n.

混和,混成,混和物

blend **

1. blend blends blending blended
If you blend substances together or if they blend , you mix them together so that they become one substance.

- Blend the butter with the sugar and beat until light and creamy.

- Blend the ingredients until you have a smooth cream.

- Put the soap and water in a pan and leave to stand until they have blended.

- Most whiskies are blended whiskies.

V-RECIP-ERG

2. blend blends
A blend of things is a mixture or combination of them that is useful or pleasant.

- The public areas offer a subtle blend of traditional charm with modern amenities.

- ...a blend of wine and sparkling water...

- He makes up his own blends of flour.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n

3. blend blends blending blended
When colours, sounds, or styles blend , they come together or are combined in a pleasing way.

- You could paint the walls and ceilings the same colour so they blend together.

- ...the picture, furniture and porcelain collections that blend so well with the house itself.

V-RECIP

4. blend blends blending blended
If you blend ideas, policies, or styles, you use them together in order to achieve something.

- His `cosmic vision' is to blend Christianity with `the wisdom of all world religions'.

- ...a band that blended jazz, folk and classical music.

VB

blend

verb

1.

mix

amalgamate

combine

compound

merge

mingle

unite

2.

go well

complement

fit

go with

harmonize

suit

noun

3.

mixture

alloy

amalgamation

combination

compound

concoction

mix

synthesis

union

blend in **

1. blend in blends in; blending in; blended in
If something blends into the background, it is so similar to the background that it is difficult to see or hear it separately.

- The toad had changed its colour to blend in with its new environment.

- ...a continuous pale neutral grey, almost blending into the sky...

- You can blend in so that the voice becomes just another instrument in the band.

PHR-V

2. blend in blends in; blending in; blended in
If someone blends into a particular group or situation, they seem to belong there, because their appearance or behaviour is similar to that of the other people involved.

- It must have reinforced my determination to blend into my surroundings.

- She felt she would blend in nicely.

- He blended in with the crowd at the art sale.

PHR-V

blender

[D.J.:ˈblendə]

[K.K.:ˈblɛndɚ]

n.

掺和器,搅拌机

blender

blender blenders
A blender is an electrical kitchen appliance used for mixing liquids and soft foods together or turning fruit or vegetables into liquid.
N-COUNT

bless

[D.J.:bles]

[K.K.:blɛs]

vt.

求神赐福于

blessed

[D.J.:ˈblesɪd]

[K.K.:ˈblɛsɪd]

adj.

神圣的

<天主教>享受天国之福的,进了天国的

快乐的;喜悦的

<口>该死的

blessedly

adv.

幸福地,神圣地

blessing

[D.J.:ˈblesɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈblɛsɪŋ]

n.

(上帝的)祝福;赐福,保佑;恩典

上帝的恩赐;幸事,幸运

<非正>准许,同意;鼓励

(教徒在饭前或饭后的)感恩祷告

a blessing in disguise

因祸得福；看似祸实是福

bless **

1. bless blesses blessing blessed
When someone such as a priest blesses people or things, he asks for God's favour and protection for them.

- ...asking for all present to bless this couple and their loving commitment to one another.

VB

2. bless
Bless is used in expressions such as `God bless' or `bless you' to express affection, thanks, or good wishes. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- `Bless you, Eva,' he whispered.

- God bless and thank you all so much.

CONVENTION feelings

3. bless
You can say ` bless you ' to someone who has just sneezed. (SPOKEN)
CONVENTION formulae

blessed *

1. blessed
If someone is blessed with a particular good quality or skill, they have that good quality or skill.

- Both are blessed with uncommon ability to fix things.

- ...the son of a doctor and well blessed with money.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with n

2. blessed
You use blessed to describe something that you think is wonderful, and that you are grateful for or relieved about.

- The birth of a live healthy baby is a truly blessed event.

- Rainy weather brings blessed relief to hay fever victims.

ADJ: ADJ n approval

3. blessedly

- Most British election campaigns are blessedly brief.

ADV: usu ADV adj, also ADV with cl

4. blessed
Some people use blessed to emphasize that they are annoyed about something. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- No-one knows a blessed thing.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

blessing **

1. blessing blessings
A blessing is something good that you are grateful for.

- Rivers are a blessing for an agricultural country.

- ...the blessings of prosperity.

N-COUNT

2. blessing blessings
If something is done with someone's blessing , it is done with their approval and support.

- With the blessing of the White House, a group of Democrats in Congress is meeting to find additional budget cuts.

- In April Thai and Indonesian leaders gave their formal blessing to the idea.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with poss
= approval

3. blessing blessings
A blessing is a prayer asking God to look kindly upon the people who are present or the event that is taking place.
N-COUNT

4. blessing
If you tell someone to count their blessings , you are saying that they should think about how lucky they are instead of complaining.

- Some would argue this was no burden in fact, and that she should count her blessings.

PHR: V inflects

5. blessing
If you say that something is a blessing in disguise , you mean that it causes problems and difficulties at first but later you realize that it was the best thing that could have happened.

- The failure to conclude the trade talks last December could prove a blessing in disguise.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

6. blessing
If you say that a situation is a mixed blessing , you mean that it has disadvantages as well as advantages.

- For ordinary Italians, Sunday's news probably amounts to a mixed blessing.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

bless

verb

1.

sanctify

anoint

consecrate

dedicate

exalt

hallow

ordain

2.

grant

bestow

favour

give

grace

provide

blessed

adjective

holy

adored

beatified

divine

hallowed

revered

sacred

sanctified

blessing

noun

1.

benediction

benison

commendation

consecration

dedication

grace

invocation

thanksgiving

2.

approval

backing

consent

favour

good wishes

leave

permission

sanction

support

3.

benefit

favour

gift

godsend

good fortune

help

kindness

service

windfall

blew

[D.J.:blu:]

[K.K.:blu]

(blow的过去式)

blow

[D.J.:bləu]

[K.K.:blo]

n.

一击, 打击

vt. & vi.

吹; 吹气; 刮风

吹响, 吹奏; (使)鸣响

(使)爆炸

blowing

[ˈbləuiŋ]

n.

吹风,排泄,鼓风

blown

[D.J.:bləʊn]

[K.K.:blon]

adj.

喘气的;精疲力竭的

被苍蝇弄赃的;有蝇卵附着的;陈腐的

吹制的,吹成的

膨胀的,肿胀的

开花的;盛开的

(blow的过去分词)

blew

blew
Blew is the past tense of blow .

blow 1 verb uses ****

1. blow blows blowing blew blown
When a wind or breeze blows , the air moves.

- A chill wind blew at the top of the hill.

- We woke to find a gale blowing outside.

VB

2. blow blows blowing blew blown
If the wind blows something somewhere or if it blows there, the wind moves it there.

- The wind blew her hair back from her forehead.

- Strong winds blew away most of the dust.

- Her cap fell off in the street and blew away.

- Sand blew in our eyes.

- The bushes and trees were blowing in the wind.

V-ERG

3. blow blows blowing blew blown
If you blow , you send out a stream of air from your mouth.

- Danny rubbed his arms and blew on his fingers to warm them.

- Take a deep breath and blow.

VB

4. blow blows blowing blew blown
If you blow something somewhere, you move it by sending out a stream of air from your mouth.

- He picked up his mug and blew off the steam.

VB

5. blow blows blowing blew blown
If you blow bubbles or smoke rings, you make them by blowing air out of your mouth through liquid or smoke.

- He blew a ring of blue smoke.

VB

6. blow blows blowing blew blown
When a whistle or horn blows or someone blows it, they make a sound by blowing into it.

- The whistle blew and the train slid forward.

- A guard was blowing his whistle.

V-ERG

7. blow blows blowing blew blown
When you blow your nose, you force air out of it through your nostrils in order to clear it.

- He took out a handkerchief and blew his nose.

VB

8. blow blows blowing blew blown
To blow something out, off, or away means to remove or destroy it violently with an explosion.

- The can exploded, wrecking the kitchen and bathroom and blowing out windows.

- Rival gunmen blew the city to bits.

VB

9. blow blows blowing blew blown
If you say that something blows an event, situation, or argument into a particular extreme state, especially an uncertain or unpleasant state, you mean that it causes it to be in that state.

- The dramatic World Motor Sports Council meeting in Paris blew the championship wide open as Schumacher was also docked six points.

- Someone took an inappropriate use of words on my part and tried to blow it into a major controversy.

VB

10. blow blows blowing blew blown
If you blow a large amount of money, you spend it quickly on luxuries. (INFORMAL)

- Before you blow it all on a luxury cruise, give a little thought to the future.

- My brother lent me some money and I went and blew the lot.

VB

11. blow blows blowing blew blown
If you blow a chance or attempt to do something, you make a mistake which wastes the chance or causes the attempt to fail. (INFORMAL)

- He has almost certainly blown his chance of touring India this winter.

- ...the high-risk world of real estate, where one careless word could blow a whole deal...

- Oh you fool! You've blown it!

VB

12. blow blows blowing blew blown
If a fuse blows or if something blows it, the fuse melts because too much electricity has been sent through it, and the electrical current is cut off.

- The fuse blew as he pressed the button.

V-ERG

13. blow blows blowing blew blown
If you blow a tyre or if it blows , a hole suddenly appears in it and all the air comes out of it.

- A lorry blew a tyre and careered into them.

- The car tyre blew.

V-ERG

14. blow out blows out; blowing out; blew out; blown
Blow out means the same as blow .

- A tyre blew out when the coach was on its way.

PHR-V

15. blow
If you blow your own trumpet or blow your own horn , you tell people that you are very clever or successful.

- Hollywood cameramen have good reason to blow their own trumpets.

PHR: V and N inflect

16. blow away blows away; blowing away; blew away; blown away
If you say that you are blown away by something, you mean that you are very impressed by it. (INFORMAL)

- I was blown away by the tone and the quality of the story.

- She just totally blew me away with her singing.

PHR-V

17. blow away blows away; blowing away; blew away; blown away
If someone blows another person away , they kill them by shooting them. (INFORMAL)

- He'd like to get hold of a gun and blow them all away.

PHR-V

blow 2 noun uses ***

1. blow blows
If someone receives a blow , they are hit with a fist or weapon.

- He went off to hospital after a blow to the face.

N-COUNT: oft N to/on n

2. blow blows
If something that happens is a blow to someone or something, it is very upsetting, disappointing, or damaging to them.

- When the marriage finally broke up it was obviously a terrible blow to Soames.

- That ruling comes as a blow to environmentalists.

- His death dealt a severe blow to the army's morale.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

3. blow
If two people or groups come to blows , they start fighting.

- The representatives almost came to blows at a meeting.

PHR: V inflects

4. blow
Something that softens the blow or cushions the blow makes an unpleasant change or piece of news easier to accept.

- The French government is looking for financial compensation from the EC to soften the blow of the agreement.

PHR: V inflects

5. blow
If you strike a blow for a particular cause or principle, you do something that supports it or makes it more likely to succeed.

- The team struck a blow for women's rights by winning the match.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

blow out ****

blow out blows out; blowing out; blew out; blown out
If you blow out a flame or a candle, you blow at it so that it stops burning.

- I blew out the candle.

PHR-V

blown

blown
Blown is the past participle of blow .

blow

verb

1.

carry

buffet

drive

fling

flutter

move

sweep

waft

2.

exhale

breathe

pant

puff

3.

play

blare

mouth

pipe

sound

toot

trumpet

vibrate

blow

noun

1.

knock

bang

clout informal

punch

smack

sock slang

stroke

thump

wallop informal

whack

2.

setback

bombshell

calamity

catastrophe

disappointment

disaster

misfortune

reverse

shock

blow out

verb

1.

put out

extinguish

snuff

2.

burst

erupt

explode

rupture

shatter

blight

[D.J.:blaɪt]

[K.K.:blaɪt]

n.

凋萎病, 虫害

坏因素, 阴影

毁坏,荒芜;衰退

vt.

使凋萎, 摧残

使颓丧

vi.

患枯萎病

枯萎;颓丧

blighted

adj.

毁灭的

blight *

1. blight blights
You can refer to something as a blight when it causes great difficulties, and damages or spoils other things.

- This discriminatory policy has really been a blight on America.

- Manchester still suffers from urban blight and unacceptable poverty.

N-VAR: usu with supp

2. blight blights blighting blighted
If something blights your life or your hopes, it damages and spoils them. If something blights an area, it spoils it and makes it unattractive.

- An embarrassing blunder nearly blighted his career before it got off the ground.

- ...thousands of families whose lives were blighted by unemployment.

- ...a strategy to redevelop blighted inner-city areas.

VB

3. blight
Blight is a disease which makes plants dry up and die.
N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

blight

noun

1.

curse

affliction

bane

contamination

corruption

evil

plague

pollution

scourge

woe

2.

disease

canker

decay

fungus

infestation

mildew

pest

pestilence

rot

verb

3.

frustrate

crush

dash

disappoint

mar

ruin

spoil

undo

wreck

blighter

[D.J.:ˈblaitə]

[K.K.:ˈblaɪtɚ]

n.

可耻[讨厌]的人(尤作为轻蔑、诋毁词语)

blighter

1. blighter blighters
You can refer to someone you do not like as a blighter . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He was a nasty little blighter.

N-COUNT disapproval

2. blighter blighters
You can use blighter as an informal way of referring to someone. (BRIT)

- Lucky blighter, thought King.

N-COUNT
= fellow

Blighty

[ˈblaiti]

n.

〈英俚〉英国本土,老家

Blighty

Blighty
Blighty is a way of referring to England. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED, HUMOROUS)

- See you back in Blighty!

N-PROPER

blimey

[ˈblaimi]

int.

啊呀!

blimey

blimey
You say blimey when you are surprised by something or feel strongly about it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- `We walked all the way to Moseley.' --- `Blimey!'

EXCLAM feelings

blimp

[D.J.:blimp]

[K.K.:blɪmp]

n.

软式小型飞船,肥胖的人

blimp

blimp blimps
A blimp is the same as an airship .
N-COUNT

blind

[D.J.:blaind]

[K.K.:blaɪnd]

adj.

失明的, 瞎眼的

视而不见的, 盲目的

vt.

使看不见

使失去判断力或理解力

n.

窗帘, 百叶窗

blinding

[ˈblaindiŋ]

adj. n.

使眩目的,使失去判断力的 碎石子

blindly

[D.J.:ˈblaɪndlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈblaɪndlɪ]

adv.

盲目地,无目的地

摸索地

不继续地

blindness

[D.J.:ˈblaɪndnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈblaɪndnɪs]

n.

失明；盲目

无知,愚昧

轻率;鲁莽;昏聩糊涂

blinds

[D.J.:blaɪndz]

n.

窗帘

blind ***

1. blind
Someone who is blind is unable to see because their eyes are damaged.

- I started helping him run the business when he went blind.

- How would you explain colour to a blind person?

ADJ

2. blind blinds
The blind are people who are blind.

- He was a teacher of the blind.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. blindness

- Early diagnosis and treatment can usually prevent blindness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. blind blinds blinding blinded
If something blinds you, it makes you unable to see, either for a short time or permanently.

- The sun hit the windscreen, momentarily blinding him.

VB

5. blind
If you are blind with something such as tears or a bright light, you are unable to see for a short time because of the tears or light.

- Her mother groped for the back of the chair, her eyes blind with tears.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n

6. blindly

- Lettie groped blindly for the glass.

ADV

7. blind
If you say that someone is blind to a fact or a situation, you mean that they ignore it or are unaware of it, although you think that they should take notice of it or be aware of it.

- David's good looks and impeccable manners had always made her blind to his faults.

- All the time I was blind to your suffering.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n disapproval

8. blindness

- ...blindness in government policy to the very existence of the unemployed.

N-UNCOUNT

9. blind blinds blinding blinded
If something blinds you to the real situation, it prevents you from realizing that it exists or from understanding it properly.

- He never allowed his love of Australia to blind him to his countrymen's faults.

VB

10. blind
You can describe someone's beliefs or actions as blind when you think that they seem to take no notice of important facts or behave in an unreasonable way.

- ...her blind faith in the wisdom of the Church...

- Lesley yelled at him with blind, hating rage.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

11. blind
A blind corner is one that you cannot see round because something is blocking your view.

- He tried to overtake three cars on a blind corner and crashed head-on into a lorry.

ADJ: ADJ n

12. blind
A blind wall or building is one which has no windows or doors.

- I remembered a huddle of stone buildings with blind walls.

ADJ: ADJ n

13. blind blinds
A blind is a roll of cloth or paper which you can pull down over a window as a covering.
N-COUNT
See also Venetian blind .

14. blind
If you say that someone is turning a blind eye to something bad or illegal that is happening, you mean that you think they are pretending not to notice that it is happening so that they will not have to do anything about it.

- Teachers are turning a blind eye to pupils smoking at school, a report reveals today.

- I can't turn a blind eye when someone is being robbed.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

blinding *

1. blinding
A blinding light is extremely bright.

- The doctor worked busily beneath the blinding lights of the delivery room.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= dazzling

2. blinding
You use blinding to emphasize that something is very obvious.

- The miseries I went through made me suddenly realise with a blinding flash what life was all about.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

3. blindingly

- It is so blindingly obvious that defence must be the responsibility of the state.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv

4. blinding
Blinding pain is very strong pain.

- There was a pain then, a quick, blinding agony that jumped along Danlo's spine.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

blindly

blindly
If you say that someone does something blindly , you mean that they do it without having enough information, or without thinking about it.

- Don't just blindly follow what the banker says.

- Without adequate information, many students choose a college almost blindly.

- ...the cricket team and its blindly optimistic supporters.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj, ADV with cl disapproval
See also blind .

blind

adjective

1.

sightless

eyeless

unseeing

unsighted

visionless

2.

unaware of

careless

heedless

ignorant

inattentive

inconsiderate

indifferent

insensitive

oblivious

unconscious of

3.

unreasoning

indiscriminate

prejudiced

noun

4.

cover

camouflage

cloak

fa¸cade

feint

front

mask

masquerade

screen

smoke screen

blindly

adverb

1.

thoughtlessly

carelessly

heedlessly

inconsiderately

recklessly

senselessly

2.

aimlessly

at random

indiscriminately

instinctively

blind alley

blind alley blind alleys
If you describe a situation as a blind alley , you mean that progress is not possible or that the situation can have no useful results.

- We are all now beginning to appreciate that this type of music is a blind alley.

N-COUNT
= dead end

blind date

blind date blind dates
A blind date is an arrangement made for you to spend a romantic evening with someone you have never met before.
N-COUNT

blinder

[D.J.:ˈblaində]

[K.K.:ˈblaɪndɚ]

n.

眼罩

blinders

[ˈblaindəz]

n.

有色眼镜，马眼罩，护目镜

blinder

1. blinder blinders
If you say that someone such as a sports player or musician has played a blinder , you are emphasizing that they have played something very well. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu sing emphasis

2. blinder blinders
Blinders are the same as blinkers . (AM)
N-PLURAL

blindfold

[D.J.:ˈblaɪndˌfəʊld]

[K.K.:ˈblaɪndˌfold]

vt.

(尤指用布)挡住(某人)的视线, 蒙住(某人)的眼睛

使不理解, 使迟钝;蒙骗

n.

蒙眼的绷带〔布等〕

障眼物;蒙蔽人的事物

adj. & adv.

被蒙住眼睛的(地), 盲目的(地)

不谨慎的(地), 鲁莽的(地), 轻率的(地)

blindfold *

1. blindfold blindfolds
A blindfold is a strip of cloth that is tied over someone's eyes so that they cannot see.
N-COUNT

2. blindfold blindfolds blindfolding blindfolded
If you blindfold someone, you tie a blindfold over their eyes.

- His abductors blindfolded him and drove him to a flat in southern Beirut.

- The report says prisoners were often kept blindfolded.

VB

3. blindfold
If someone does something blindfold , they do it while wearing a blindfold.

- The Australian chess grandmaster Ian Rogers took on six opponents blindfold and beat five.

ADJ: ADJ after v

4. blindfold
If you say that you can do something blindfold , you are emphasizing that you can do it easily, for example because you have done it many times before.

- He read the letter again although already he could have recited its contents blindfold.

PHR emphasis

blind spot

1. blind spot blind spots
If you say that someone has a blind spot about something, you mean that they seem to be unable to understand it or to see how important it is.

- British judges have a complete blind spot when confronted by evidence which indicates police corruption.

- When I was single I never worried about money -- it was a bit of a blind spot.

N-COUNT

2. blind spot blind spots
A blind spot is an area in your range of vision that you cannot see properly but which you really should be able to see. For example, when you are driving a car, the area just behind your shoulders is often a blind spot.
N-COUNT

blink

[D.J.:bliŋk]

[K.K.:blɪŋk]

vt. & vi.

眨眼睛

vi.

闪亮, 闪烁

n.

眨眼, 一瞬间

闪亮, 闪烁

blinking

[ˈbliŋkiŋ]

adj.

闪光的,一眨眼的

blinks

[bliŋks]

n.

闪光小鸡草,水生小鸡草,闪光繁缕,小繁缕

blink **

1. blink blinks blinking blinked
When you blink or when you blink your eyes, you shut your eyes and very quickly open them again.

- Kathryn blinked and forced a smile.

- Suddenly, Momma's eyes blinked.

- She was blinking her eyes rapidly.

- He blinked at her.

VB

2. blink blinks
Also a noun.

- He kept giving quick blinks.

N-COUNT

3. blink blinks blinking blinked
When a light blinks , it flashes on and off.

- Green and yellow lights blinked on the surface of the harbour.

- The plane was flying normally for about 15 minutes before a warning light blinked on.

- ...the blinking lights at the top of the Tutweiler Hotel.

VB

4. blink
If you say that something happens in the blink of an eye , you mean that it happens very quickly.

- It was all over in the blink of an eye.

PHR: oft in PHR

5. blink
If a machine goes on the blink , it stops working properly. (INFORMAL)

- ...an old TV that's on the blink.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

blink

verb

1.

wink

bat

flutter

2.

flicker

flash

gleam

glimmer

shine

twinkle

wink

noun

on the blink

3.

not working (properly)

faulty

malfunctioning

out of action

out of order

playing up

blinkered

[D.J.:ˈblɪŋkəd]

[K.K.:ˈblɪŋkəd]

adj.

心胸狭隘的,思路狭窄的

blinkered

blinkered
A blinkered view, attitude, or approach is narrow and does not take into account other people's opinions. A blinkered person has this kind of attitude. (BRIT)

- They've got a very blinkered view of life.

- Haig was limited by his blinkered approach to strategy and tactics.

- He seems to be so blinkered that he cannot see what is happening around him.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= narrow-minded

blinkers

n.

有色眼镜,马眼罩,护目镜

blinkers

1. blinkers
If you describe someone as wearing blinkers , you think that they have a narrow point of view and are not taking other people's opinions into account. (BRIT; in AM use blinders )

- As far as mathematicians are concerned, there's a certain virtue in wearing intellectual blinkers.

- At least you have removed your blinkers and can now see the relationship in its true colours.

N-PLURAL disapproval

2. blinkers
Blinkers are two pieces of leather which are placed at the side of a horse's eyes so that it can only see straight ahead. (mainly BRIT; in AM use blinders )
N-PLURAL

blip

[D.J.:blip]

[K.K.:blɪp]

n.

(电机发出的)尖锐而短促的声音; (雷达等屏幕上显示目的物的)光点

blip *

1. blip blips
A blip is a small spot of light, sometimes occurring with a short, high-pitched sound, which flashes on and off regularly on a piece of equipment such as a radar screen.
N-COUNT

2. blip blips
A blip in a straight line, such as the line on a graph, is a point at which the line suddenly makes a sharp change of direction before returning to its original direction.
N-COUNT

3. blip blips
A blip in a situation is a sudden but temporary change or interruption in it.

- Interest rates generally have been declining since last spring, despite a few upward blips in recent weeks.

N-COUNT

bliss

[blis]

n.

极乐, 福气

天堂之乐, 狂喜

bliss *

bliss
Bliss is a state of complete happiness.

- It was a scene of such domestic bliss.

N-UNCOUNT

bliss

noun Slang

joy

beatitude

blessedness

blissfulness

ecstasy

euphoria

felicity

gladness

happiness

heaven

nirvana

paradise

rapture

blissful

[D.J.:ˈblɪsfʊl]

adj.

极快乐的,极幸福的

乐而忘忧的;带来福气的

blissfully

adv.

幸福地,充满喜悦地

blissful *

1. blissful
A blissful situation or period of time is one in which you are extremely happy.

- We spent a blissful week together.

- There's just nothing more blissful than lying by that pool.

ADJ-GRADED

2. blissfully

- We're blissfully happy.

- The summer passed blissfully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV after v

3. blissful
If someone is in blissful ignorance of something unpleasant or serious, they are totally unaware of it.

- Many country parishes were still living in blissful ignorance of the post-war crime wave.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. blissfully

- At first, he was blissfully unaware of the conspiracy against him.

ADV: usu ADV adj, also ADV before v

blissful

adjective

joyful

ecstatic

elated

enraptured

euphoric

happy

heavenly informal

rapturous

blister

[D.J.:ˈblistə]

[K.K.:ˈblɪstɚ]

n.

水疱, 水肿, 疱

气泡

vt. & vi.

(使)起水泡

blistering

[D.J.:ˈblistəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈblɪstərɪŋ]

adj.

酷热的

blister *

1. blister blisters
A blister is a painful swelling on the surface of your skin. Blisters contain a clear liquid and are usually caused by heat or by something repeatedly rubbing your skin.
N-COUNT

2. blister blisters blistering blistered
When your skin blisters or when something blisters it, blisters appear on it.

- The affected skin turns red and may blister.

- The sap of this plant blisters the skin.

- ...pausing to bathe their blistered feet.

V-ERG

blistering *

1. blistering
Blistering heat is very great heat.

- ...a blistering summer day.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. blistering
A blistering remark expresses great anger or dislike.

- The president responded to this with a blistering attack on his critics.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. blistering
Blistering is used to describe actions in sport to emphasize that they are done with great speed or force. (JOURNALISM)

- Sharon Wild set a blistering pace to take the lead.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

blister

noun

sore

abscess

boil

carbuncle

cyst

pimple

pustule

swelling

blithe

[D.J.:blaɪð, blaɪθ]

[K.K.:blaɪð, blaɪθ]

adj.

欢乐的,愉快的

漫不经心的,无忧无虑的

blithesome

adj.

欢乐的,愉快的

blithely

[D.J.:ˈblaɪ ðlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈblaɪ ðlɪ]

adv.

欢乐地;快活地;无挂虑地

blithesome

[D.J.:ˈblaiðsəm]

[K.K.:ˈblaɪðsəm, ˈblaɪθ-]

adj.

愉快的,高兴的

blithe *

1. blithe
You use blithe to indicate that something is done casually, without serious or careful thought.

- It does so with blithe disregard for best scientific practice.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

2. blithely

- Your editorial blithely ignores the hard facts.

- He appears blithely unaware of the disastrous effects of the new system.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. blithe
Someone who is blithe is cheerful and has no serious problems. (LITERARY)

- She said `hi' with the blithe assurance of someone who knew how much she'd been missed.

ADJ-GRADED

blithe

adjective

heedless

careless

casual

indifferent

nonchalant

thoughtless

unconcerned

untroubled

blitz

[D.J.:blɪts]

[K.K.:blɪts]

n.

闪电战, 大规模空袭

广告战

vt.

用闪电战攻击

blitzed

[D.J.:blitst]

[K.K.:blɪtst]

adj.

极累的; 烂醉如泥的

blitz *

1. blitz blitzes blitzing blitzed
If a city or building is blitzed during a war, it is attacked by bombs dropped by enemy aircraft.

- In the autumn of 1940 London was blitzed by an average of two hundred aircraft a night.

- They blitzed the capital with tanks, artillery, anti-aircraft weapons and machine guns.

VB

2. blitz
The heavy bombing of British cities by German aircraft in 1940 and 1941 is referred to as the Blitz .
N-PROPER: the N

3. blitz blitzes
If you have a blitz on something, you make a big effort to deal with it or to improve it. (INFORMAL)

- Regional accents are still acceptable but there is to be a blitz on incorrect grammar.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N on n

4. blitz blitzes
An advertising or publicity blitz is a major effort to make the public aware of something.

- On December 8 the media blitz began in earnest.

N-COUNT: with supp

blitz

noun

attack

assault

blitzkrieg

bombardment

campaign

offensive

onslaught

raid

strike

blitzkrieg

[D.J.:ˈblɪtsˌkri:g]

[K.K.:ˈblɪtsˌkriɡ]

n.

闪电战,闪击战,(尤指)猛烈的空袭

blitzkrieg

1. blitzkrieg blitzkriegs
A blitzkrieg is a fast and intense military attack that takes the enemy by surprise and is intended to achieve a very quick victory.
N-COUNT

2. blitzkrieg blitzkriegs
Journalists sometimes refer to a rapid and powerful attack or campaign in, for example, sport, politics, or advertising as a blitzkrieg . (INFORMAL)

- ...a blitzkrieg of media hype.

N-COUNT

blizzard

[D.J.:ˈblɪzəd]

[K.K.:ˈblɪzəd]

n.

暴风雪

暴风雪似的一阵;大量(或大批)

blizzard *

1. blizzard blizzards
A blizzard is a very bad snowstorm with strong winds.
N-COUNT

2. blizzard blizzards
You can refer to a large number of things that you do not like or which annoy you as a blizzard of those things. (WRITTEN)

- Retailers were hit with a blizzard of new products and brands in all shapes, sizes and colours.

- ...the annual blizzard of bills and amendments.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n disapproval

blizzard

noun

snowstorm

blast

gale

squall

storm

tempest

bloated

[D.J.:ˈbləʊtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈblotɪd]

adj.

膨胀的,肿胀的

得意忘形的

熏制的

bloated *

1. bloated
If someone's body or a part of their body is bloated , it is much larger than normal, usually because it has a lot of liquid or gas inside it.

- ...the bloated body of a dead bullock...

- His face was bloated.

ADJ-GRADED
= swollen

2. bloated
If you feel bloated after eating a large meal, you feel very full and uncomfortable.

- Diners do not want to leave the table feeling bloated.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

3. bloated
If you describe an organization as bloated , you mean that it is larger and less efficient than it should be.

- ...its massive state apparatus and bloated bureaucracy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

bloating

膨胀,炉衬膨胀,炉渣起泡；胃气胀

bloating

bloating
Bloating is the swelling of a body or part of a body, usually because it has a lot of gas or liquid in it.

- ...abdominal bloating and pain.

N-UNCOUNT
= swelling

blob

[D.J.:blɔb]

[K.K.:blɑb]

n.

一滴, 一团

(板球)零分

vt.

在…上涂抹

blob *

1. blob blobs
A blob of thick or sticky liquid is a small, often round, amount of it. (INFORMAL)

- ...a blob of chocolate mousse...

- It's only necessary to use just a very small blob.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. blob blobs
You can use blob to refer to something that you cannot see very clearly, for example because it is in the distance. (INFORMAL)

- You could just see vague blobs of faces.

- ...a blob in the distance.

N-COUNT

blob

noun

drop

ball

bead

bubble

dab

droplet

globule

lump

mass

bloc

[D.J.:blɔk]

[K.K.:blɑk]

n.

集团；联盟

bloc **

bloc blocs
A bloc is a group of countries which have similar political aims and interests and that act together over some issues.

- ...the former Soviet bloc.

- ...the world's largest trading bloc.

N-COUNT
See also en bloc .

bloc

noun

group

alliance

axis

coalition

faction

league

union

block

[D.J.:blɔk]

[K.K.:blɑk]

n.

街区, 街段

大块(木料、石料、金属、冰等)

障碍(物), 阻塞(物)

vt.

堵塞, 阻塞

阻碍, 妨碍

blocked

[blɔkt]

adj.

封锁的,闭塞的,联锁的

blocking

[ˈblɔkiŋ]

n.

舞台场面设计,舞台调度,舞台场面调度设计，模块化

blocks

[ˈblɔks]

n.

赛跑者起跑时脚底所撑的木块

preforging,blocking

预锻

preforging

预锻

block ****

1. block blocks
A block of flats or offices is a large building containing them.

- ...blocks of council flats.

- ...a white-painted apartment block.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

2. block blocks
A block in a town is an area of land with streets on all its sides.

- She walked four blocks down High Street.

- He walked around the block three times.

N-COUNT

3. block blocks
A block of a substance is a large rectangular piece of it.

- ...a block of ice.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

4. block blocks blocking blocked
To block a road, channel, or pipe means to put an object across it or in it so that nothing can pass through it or along it.

- Some students today blocked a highway that cuts through the center of the city.

- When the shrimp farm is built it will block the stream.

- He can clear blocked drains.

VB

5. block blocks blocking blocked
If something blocks your view, it prevents you from seeing something because it is between you and that thing.

- ...a row of spruce trees that blocked his view of the long north slope of the mountain.

VB
= obstruct

6. block blocks blocking blocked
If you block someone's way, you prevent them from going somewhere or entering a place by standing in front of them.

- I started to move round him, but he blocked my way.

- Mr Calder tried to leave the shop but the police officer blocked his path.

VB

7. block blocks blocking blocked
If you block something that is being arranged, you prevent it from being done.

- For years the country has tried to block imports of various cheap foreign products.

- His persistent attempts to complain to his superiors were blocked and ignored.

VB
= prevent

8. block blocks blocking blocked
In some sports, if a player blocks a shot or kick, they stop the ball reaching its target. If one player blocks another, the first stops the second from reaching or moving with the ball.

- In the final seconds, Gunn goalie Kevin Cantwell blocked two shots.

VB
= obstruct

9. block blocks
A block of something such as tickets or shares is a large quantity of them, especially when they are all sold at the same time and are in a particular sequence or order.

- Those booking a block of seats get them at reduced rates.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

10. block blocks
If you have a mental block or a block , you are temporarily unable to do something that you can normally do which involves using, thinking about, or remembering something.
N-COUNT: usu supp N

11. block
If someone lays their head on the block , or puts their head on the block , they are risking their reputation or position by taking a particular course of action.

- The Chancellor, by his unusual statement, has put his head on the block.

PHR: V inflects

block

noun

1.

piece

bar

brick

chunk

hunk

ingot

lump

mass

2.

obstruction

bar

barrier

blockage

hindrance

impediment

jam

obstacle

verb

3.

obstruct

bung up informal

choke

clog

close

plug

stem the flow

stop up

4.

stop

bar

check

halt

hinder

impede

obstruct

thwart

block in ****

block in blocks in; blocking in; blocked in
If you are blocked in , someone has parked their car in such a way that you cannot drive yours away.

- Our cars get blocked in and when we ask the restaurant to move them they don't do it for ages.

- Oh, is that your car outside? I may have blocked you in.

PHR-V

block off ****

block off blocks off; blocking off; blocked off
When you block off a door, window, or passage, you put something across it so that nothing can pass through it.

- They had blocked off the fireplaces to stop draughts.

PHR-V

block out ****

1. block out blocks out; blocking out; blocked out
If someone blocks out a thought, they try not to think about it.

- She accuses me of having blocked out the past.

- I had to block the thought out of my mind.

PHR-V
= blank out

2. block out blocks out; blocking out; blocked out
Something that blocks out light prevents it from reaching a place.

- Thick chipboard across the window frames blocked out the daylight.

- Those clouds would have cast shadows that would have blocked some sunlight out.

PHR-V

block up ****

block up blocks up; blocking up; blocked up
If you block something up or if it blocks up , it is blocked completely so that nothing can get through it.

- `Any holes in the kitchen where the mice are getting through?' --- `I've blocked them up.'.

- Powdering a sweaty nose will only block up the pores and make the skin more uncomfortable.

- With this disease the veins in the liver can block up, and all sorts of damage follows.

PHR-V-ERG

blockade

[D.J.:blɔˈkeɪd]

[K.K.:blɑˈked]

n.

封锁

障碍物,阻碍物

vt.

实行封锁

阻塞;挡住

blockade **

1. blockade blockades
A blockade of a place is an action that is taken to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving it.

- Striking lorry drivers agreed to lift their blockades of main roads.

- It's not yet clear who will actually enforce the blockade.

- ...the economic blockade of Lithuania.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. blockade blockades blockading blockaded
If a group of people blockade a place, they stop goods or people from reaching that place. If they blockade a road or a port, they stop people using that road or port.

- Truck drivers have blockaded roads to show their anger over new driving regulations.

- About 50,000 people are trapped in the town, which has been blockaded for more than 40 days.

VB

blockade

noun

stoppage

barricade

barrier

block

hindrance

impediment

obstacle

obstruction

restriction

siege

blockage

[D.J.:ˈblɔkidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈblɑkɪdʒ]

n.

堵塞物

blockage *

blockage blockages
A blockage in a pipe, tube, or tunnel is an object which blocks it, or the state of being blocked.

- The logical treatment is to remove this blockage.

- ...a total blockage in one of the coronary arteries.

N-COUNT: oft N in/of n

blockage

noun

obstruction

block

impediment

occlusion

stoppage

blockbuster

[D.J.:ˈblɔkˌbʌstə]

[K.K.:ˈblɑkˌbʌstɚ]

n.

重磅炸弹, 了不起的人或事

blockbuster *

blockbuster blockbusters
A blockbuster is a film or book that is very popular and successful, usually because it is very exciting. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

blockbusting

[D.J.:ˈblɔkˌbʌstiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈblɑkˌbʌstɪŋ]

n.

〈美〉街区房地产跌涨牟利

blockbusting

blockbusting
A blockbusting film or book is one that is very successful, usually because it is very exciting. (INFORMAL, JOURNALISM)

- ...the blockbusting sci-fi movie `Suburban Commando'.

ADJ: ADJ n

block capitals

block capitals
Block capitals are simple capital letters that are not decorated in any way.
N-PLURAL: usu in N

block letters

block letters
Block letters are the same as block capitals .
N-PLURAL: usu in N

block vote

block vote block votes
A block vote is a large number of votes that are all cast in the same way by one person on behalf of a group of people.
N-COUNT

bloke

[D.J.:bləʊk]

[K.K.:blok]

n.

人, 家伙

bloke **

bloke blokes
A bloke is a man. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He is a really nice bloke.

N-COUNT

bloke

noun Informal

man

chap

character informal

fellow

guy informal

individual

person

blonde

[blɔnd]

n.

白肤金发碧眼女人

blonde **

1. blonde blondes blonder
A woman who has blonde hair has pale-coloured hair. Blonde hair can be very light brown or light yellow. The form blond is used when describing men.

- There were two little girls, one Asian and one with blonde hair.

- The baby had blond curls.

COLOUR The form blonde is usually used to refer to women, and blond to refer to men

2. blonde blonder
Someone who is blonde has blonde hair.

- She was tall, blonde, and attractive.

- He was blonder than his brother.

- ...the striking blond actor.

ADJ-GRADED The form blonde is usually used to refer to women, and blond to refer to men

3. blonde blondes
A blonde is a woman who has blonde hair.
N-COUNT The form blonde is usually used to refer to women, and blond to refer to men

blonde bombshell

blonde bombshell blonde bombshells
A blonde bombshell is a woman with blonde hair who is very sexually attractive. (INFORMAL, JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT

blood

[D.J.:blʌd]

[K.K.:blʌd]

n.

血, 血液

血统, 家族

blood ****

1. blood
Blood is the red liquid that flows inside your body, which you can see if you cut yourself.
N-UNCOUNT

2. blood
You can use blood to refer to the race or social class of someone's parents or ancestors.

- There was Greek blood in his veins: his ancestors originally bore the name Karajannis.

- He was of noble blood, and an officer.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

3. blood
If you say that there is bad blood between people, you mean that they have argued about something and dislike each other.

- There is, it seems, some bad blood between Mills and the Baldwins.

PHR: oft PHR between pl-n

4. blood
If you say that people are baying for blood , you mean that they are demanding that someone should be hurt or punished.

- And so what will he say to those who have been baying for his blood?

PHR: V inflects

5. blood
If you say that someone has blue blood , you mean that they are from a family that has a high social rank.
PHR
See also blue-blooded .

6. blood
If you say that something makes your blood boil , you are emphasizing that it makes you very angry.

- It makes my blood boil to think two thugs decided to pick on an innocent young girl.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

7. blood
If something violent and cruel is done in cold blood , it is done deliberately and in an unemotional way.

- The crime had been committed in cold blood.

PHR: PHR after v disapproval
See also cold-blooded .

8. blood
If you say that something makes your blood run cold or makes your blood freeze , you mean that it makes you feel very frightened.

- The rage in his eyes made her blood run cold.

- He could hear a sudden roaring. His blood froze.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

9. blood
If you say that someone has a person's blood on their hands , you mean that they are responsible for that person's death.

- He has my son's blood on his hands. I hope it haunts him for the rest of his days.

PHR

10. blood
If a quality or talent is in your blood , it is part of your nature, and other members of your family have it too.

- Diplomacy was in his blood: his ancestors had been feudal lords.

- He has adventure in his blood.

PHR: oft v-link PHR

11. blood
You can use the expressions new blood , fresh blood , or young blood to refer to people who are brought into an organization to improve it by thinking of new ideas or new ways of doing things.

- There's been a major reshuffle of the cabinet to bring in new blood.

- The England selectors must start introducing young blood.

PHR

12. blood
If you say that doing something such as getting information or persuading someone to talk to you is like getting blood out of a stone or getting blood from a stone , you are emphasizing that it is very difficult and that people are not being very helpful. In American English, you can also say that it is like getting blood out of a turnip .
PHR: V inflects emphasis

13. blood
If you say that someone sweats blood trying to do something, you are emphasizing that they try very hard to do it.

- I had to sweat blood for an M.A.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

14. blood
If you refer to something as involving blood, sweat, and tears , you mean that it is a very hard thing to do and requires a lot of effort.

- Why do apparently sane people go through all the blood, sweat, tears and heartache involved in getting a PhD?

PHR

15. blood
People say ` blood is thicker than water ' when they mean that their loyalty to their family is greater than their loyalty to anyone else.

- Families have their problems and jealousies, but blood is thicker than water.

PHR: V inflects

blood

noun

1.

lifeblood

gore

vital fluid

2.

family

ancestry

birth

descent

extraction

kinship

lineage

relations

blood and thunder

blood and thunder
A blood and thunder performer or performance is very loud and emotional.

- He was a blood-and-thunder preacher.

ADJ: ADJ n also blood-and-thunder .

blood bank

blood bank blood banks
A blood bank is a place where blood which has been taken from blood donors is stored until it is needed for people in hospital.
N-COUNT

bloodbath

[D.J.:ˈblʌdˌbæθ, -ˌbɑ:θ]

[K.K.:ˈblʌdˌbæθ, -ˌbɑθ]

n.

大屠杀

bloodbath

bloodbath bloodbaths
If you describe an event as a bloodbath , you are emphasizing that a lot of people were killed very violently.

- The war degenerated into a bloodbath of tribal killings.

N-COUNT also blood bath . emphasis
= massacre

blood brother

blood brother blood brothers
A man's blood brother is a man he has sworn to treat as a brother, often in a ceremony which involves mixing a small amount of their blood.
N-COUNT also blood-brother .

blood count

blood count blood counts
Your blood count is the number of red and white cells in your blood. A blood count can also refer to a medical examination which determines the number of red and white cells in your blood.

- Her doctors told her that her blood count was normal.

- We do a blood count to ensure that all is well.

N-COUNT

blood-curdling

blood-curdling
A blood-curdling sound or story is very frightening and horrible.

- Scottish history has its share of blood-curdling tales.

- ... a bloodcurdling battle cry.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also bloodcurdling .

blood donor

blood donor blood donors
A blood donor is someone who gives some of their blood so that it can be used in operations.
N-COUNT

blood feud

blood feud blood feuds
A blood feud is a long-lasting, bitter disagreement between two or more groups of people, particularly family groups. Blood feuds often involve members of each group murdering or fighting with members of the other.
N-COUNT
= vendetta

blood group

blood group blood groups
Someone's blood group is the type of blood that they have in their body. There are four main types: A, B, AB, and O.
N-COUNT: oft poss N
= blood type

blood heat

blood heat
Blood heat is a temperature of 37°C, which is about the same as the normal temperature of the human body.
N-UNCOUNT

bloodhound

[D.J.:ˈblʌdˌhaʊnd]

[K.K.:ˈblʌdˌhaʊnd]

n.

猎犬

侦探

bloodhound

bloodhound bloodhounds
A bloodhound is a large dog with a very good sense of smell. Bloodhounds are often used to find people or other animals by following their scent.
N-COUNT

bloodless

[D.J.:ˈblʌdlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈblʌdlɪs]

adj.

无血的,不流血的,兵不血刃的

无生气的,没精神的

无情的,冷酷的

bloodless

1. bloodless
A bloodless coup or victory is one in which nobody is killed.

- Reports from the area indicate that it was a bloodless coup.

- The campaign would be short and relatively bloodless.

ADJ-GRADED

2. bloodlessly

- This war had to be fought fast and relatively bloodlessly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. bloodless
If you describe someone's face or skin as bloodless , you mean that it is very pale.

- ...her face grey and bloodless.

ADJ
= ashen

blood-letting

1. blood-letting
Blood-letting is violence or killing between groups of people, especially between rival armies.

- Once again there's been ferocious blood-letting in the township.

N-UNCOUNT

2. blood-letting
Journalists sometimes refer to a bitter quarrel between two groups of people from within the same organization as blood-letting .

- His comment came as the blood-letting in Conservative ranks over their Eastbourne defeat continued.

N-UNCOUNT

bloodline

[D.J.:ˈblʌdlain]

[K.K.:ˈblʌdˌlaɪn]

n.

(动物的)血统,血族

bloodline

bloodline bloodlines
A person's bloodline is their ancestors over many generations, and the characteristics they are believed to have inherited from these ancestors.
N-COUNT: usu with supp

blood lust

blood lust
If you say that someone is driven by a blood lust , you mean that they are acting in an extremely violent way because their emotions have been aroused by the events around them.

- The mobs became driven by a crazed blood-lust to take the city.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N also blood-lust .

blood money

1. blood money
If someone makes a payment of blood money to the family of someone who has been killed, they pay that person's family a sum of money as compensation.

- The families of deceased victims can ask for the death sentence or demand blood money of up to 170,000 rupees.

N-UNCOUNT

2. blood money
Blood money is money that is paid to someone for murdering someone.
N-UNCOUNT

blood poisoning

blood poisoning
Blood poisoning is a serious illness resulting from an infection in your blood.
N-UNCOUNT

blood pressure **

blood pressure
Your blood pressure is the amount of force with which your blood flows around your body.

- Your doctor will monitor your blood pressure.

- Prime Minister Pavlov had been taken ill with high blood pressure.

N-UNCOUNT

blood pudding

blood pudding blood puddings
Blood pudding is another word for black pudding .
N-VAR

blood-red

[ˈblʌdˈred]

adj.

血红的,血污的

blood-red

blood-red
Something that is blood-red is bright red in colour.

- ...blood-red cherries.

COLOUR also blood red .

blood relation

blood relation blood relations
A blood relation or blood relative is someone who is related to you by birth rather than by marriage.
N-COUNT also blood relative

bloodshed

[D.J.:ˈblʌdˌʃed]

[K.K.:ˈblʌdˌʃɛd]

n.

流血,虐杀

bloodshed *

bloodshed
Bloodshed is violence in which people are killed or wounded.

- The government must increase the pace of reforms to avoid further bloodshed.

N-UNCOUNT

bloodshed

noun

killing

blood bath

blood-letting

butchery

carnage

gore

massacre

murder

slaughter

slaying

bloodshot

[D.J.:ˈblʌdˌʃɔt]

[K.K.:ˈblʌdˌʃɑt]

adj.

(眼睛)充血的,有血丝的

bloodshot

bloodshot
If your eyes are bloodshot , the parts that are usually white are red or pink. Your eyes can be bloodshot for a variety of reasons, for example because you are tired or you have drunk too much alcohol.

- John's eyes were bloodshot and puffy.

ADJ-GRADED

blood sport

blood sport blood sports
Blood sports are sports such as hunting in which animals are killed.
N-COUNT also bloodsport .

bloodstain

[D.J.:ˈblʌdstein]

[K.K.:ˈblʌdˌsten]

n.

血迹

bloodstain

bloodstain bloodstains
A bloodstain is a mark on a surface caused by blood.
N-COUNT

bloodstained

[D.J.:ˈblʌdsteind]

[K.K.:ˈblʌdˌstend]

adj.

血污的,犯杀人罪的

bloodstained

bloodstained
Someone or something that is bloodstained is covered with blood.

- Detectives believe the murderer was heavily bloodstained.

- ...bloodstained clothing.

ADJ-GRADED

bloodstock

[ˈblʌdstɔk]

n.

纯种马(尤指用于赛马者)

bloodstock

bloodstock
Horses that are bred for racing are referred to as bloodstock .
N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

bloodstream

[D.J.:ˈblʌdˌstri:m]

[K.K.:ˈblʌdˌstrim]

n.

血流,体内循环的血液

bloodstream *

bloodstream bloodstreams
Your bloodstream is the blood that flows around your body.

- The disease releases toxins into the bloodstream.

N-COUNT: usu sing, the N, poss N

bloodsucker

[D.J.::blʌdsʌkə]

[K.K.:ˈblʌdˌsʌkɚ]

n.

吸血生物,水蛭,剥削者

bloodsucker

1. bloodsucker bloodsuckers
A bloodsucker is any creature that sucks blood from a wound that it has made in an animal or person.
N-COUNT

2. bloodsucker bloodsuckers
If you call someone a bloodsucker , you disapprove of them because you think they do not do anything worthwhile but live off the efforts of other people.

- He felt as if he was at last free from the financial bloodsuckers.

N-COUNT disapproval

blood test *

blood test blood tests
A blood test is a medical examination of a small amount of your blood.
N-COUNT

bloodthirsty

[D.J.:ˈblʌdθə:sti]

[K.K.:ˈblʌdˌθɚsti]

adj.

嗜杀的,残忍的

bloodthirsty

bloodthirsty
Bloodthirsty people are eager to use violence or display a strong interest in violent things. You can also use bloodthirsty to refer to very violent situations.

- They were savage and bloodthirsty.

- ...some of the most tragic scenes witnessed even in this bloodthirsty war.

ADJ-GRADED

bloodthirsty

adjective

cruel

barbarous

brutal

cut-throat

ferocious

gory

murderous

savage

vicious

warlike

blood transfusion

blood transfusion blood transfusions
A blood transfusion is a process in which blood is injected into the body of a person who is badly injured or ill.
N-VAR
= transfusion

blood type

blood type blood types
Someone's blood type is the same as their blood group .
N-COUNT

blood vessel *

blood vessel blood vessels
Blood vessels are the narrow tubes through which your blood flows.
N-COUNT: usu pl

bloodily

[ˈblʌdili]

adv.

出血地, 血淋淋地

残忍地, 野蛮地

bloody

[D.J.:ˈblʌdi]

[K.K.:ˈblʌdi]

adj.

血污的, 流血的

屠杀的, 残忍的

adv.

非常, 很

bloody ***

1. bloody bloodier bloodiest
Bloody is used by some people to emphasize what they are saying, especially when they are angry. (BRIT, RUDE)
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis

2. bloody bloodier bloodiest
If you describe a situation or event as bloody , you mean that it is very violent and a lot of people are killed.

- Forty-three demonstrators were killed in bloody clashes.

- They came to power in 1975 after a bloody civil war.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. bloodily

- Rebellions in the area were bloodily repressed by pro-government forces.

ADV: ADV with v

4. bloody bloodier bloodiest
You can describe someone or something as bloody if they are covered in a lot of blood.

- He was arrested last October still carrying a bloody knife.

- Yulka's fingers were bloody and cracked.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. bloodily

- The soldier reeled bloodily away.

ADV: ADV with v

6. bloody bloodies bloodying bloodied
If you have bloodied part of your body, there is blood on it, usually because you have had an accident or you have been attacked.

- One of our children fell and bloodied his knee.

- She stared at her own bloodied hands, unable to think or move.

VB

7. bloody bloodied
If someone or something is bloodied by an experience, they are hurt or damaged by it.

- She'd been bloodied in love.

- The reinsurance market has been bloodied by disasters in the U.S.

V-PASSIVE

bloody

adjective

1.

bloodstained

bleeding

blood-soaked

blood-spattered

gaping

raw

2.

cruel

ferocious

fierce

sanguinary

savage

Bloody Mary

Bloody Mary Bloody Marys
A Bloody Mary is a drink made from vodka and tomato juice.
N-COUNT also bloody mary .

bloody-minded

[D.J.:ˈblʌdi:ˌmaɪndɪd]

[K.K.:ˈblʌdiˌmaɪndɪd]

adj.

残忍的

bloody-minded

1. bloody-minded
If you say that someone is being bloody-minded , you are showing that you disapprove of their behaviour because you think they are being deliberately difficult instead of being helpful. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He wouldn't get out of the way. He was just being bloody-minded. He could easily have let the car pass.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. bloody-mindedness

- Maintain a balance between determination and what can amount to bloody-mindedness.

N-UNCOUNT

bloom

[D.J.:blu:m]

[K.K.:blum]

n.

花

最佳时期, 茂盛时期

vi.

开花

bloomed

[ˈblu:md]

n.

(玻璃表面的)真空镀膜

adj.

无反射的,模糊的,起霜的,发晕的

blooming

[D.J.:ˈblu:miŋ]

[K.K.:ˈblumɪŋ]

adj.

开着花的

旺盛的

〈俚〉十足的, 非常的

blooms

水华

bloom **

1. bloom blooms
A bloom is the flower on a plant. (LITERARY or TECHNICAL)

- The sweet fragrance of the white blooms makes this climber a favourite.

- Harry carefully plucked the bloom.

N-COUNT
= flower

2. bloom
A plant or tree that is in bloom has flowers on it.

- ...a pink climbing rose in full bloom.

- ...the sweet smell of the blackberry in bloom.

PHR
= in flower

3. bloom blooms blooming bloomed
When a plant or tree blooms , it produces flowers. When a flower blooms , it opens.

- This plant blooms between May and June.

VB

4. -blooming

- ...the scent of night-blooming flowers.

COMB in ADJ

5. bloom blooms blooming bloomed
If someone or something blooms , they develop good, attractive, or successful qualities.

- Not many economies bloomed in 1990, least of all gold exporters like Australia.

- She bloomed into an utterly beautiful creature.

VB
= blossom

6. bloom
If something such as someone's skin has a bloom , it has a fresh and healthy appearance.

- The skin loses its youthful bloom.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N
= glow

blooming *

1. blooming
Blooming is used by some people to emphasize what they are saying, especially when they are annoyed. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- It's a blooming nuisance because it frightens my dog to death.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= bloody

2. blooming
Also an adverb.

- Even though we split up she was blooming marvellous.

ADV: ADV adj

3. blooming
Someone who is blooming looks attractively healthy and full of energy.

- If they were blooming with confidence they wouldn't need me.

- She's in blooming health.

ADJ

bloom

noun

1.

flower

blossom

blossoming

bud

efflorescence

opening of flowers

2.

prime

beauty

flourishing

freshness

glow

health

heyday

lustre

radiance

vigour

verb

3.

blossom

blow

bud

burgeon

open

sprout

4.

flourish

develop

fare well

grow

prosper

succeed

thrive

wax

bloomers

n.

灯笼裤

bloomers

bloomers
Bloomers are an old-fashioned kind of women's underwear which consists of wide, loose trousers gathered at the knees.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

blooper

[D.J.:ˈblu:pə]

[K.K.:ˈblupɚ]

n.

引起杂音的收音机,大挫折

blooper

blooper bloopers
A blooper is a silly mistake. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- ...the overwhelming appeal of television bloopers.

N-COUNT

blossom

[D.J.:ˈblɔsəm]

[K.K.:ˈblɑsəm]

n.

(尤指果树的)花

花丛, 花簇

vi.

(植物)开花

发展, 长成

blossom **

1. blossom blossoms
Blossom is the flowers that appear on a tree before the fruit.

- The cherry blossom came out early in Washington this year.

- ...the blossoms of plants, shrubs and trees.

N-VAR: oft supp N

2. blossom blossoms blossoming blossomed
If someone or something blossoms , they develop good, attractive, or successful qualities.

- Why do some people take longer than others to blossom?.

- What began as a local festival has blossomed into an international event.

- ...the blossoming relationship between Israel and Eastern Europe.

VB
= bloom

3. blossoming

- ...the blossoming of British art, pop and fashion.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

4. blossom blossoms blossoming blossomed
When a tree blossoms , it produces blossom.

- Rain begins to fall and peach trees blossom.

VB

blossom

noun

1.

flower

bloom

bud

floret

flowers

verb

2.

flower

bloom

burgeon

3.

grow

bloom

develop

flourish

mature

progress

prosper

thrive

blot

[D.J.:blɔt]

[K.K.:blɑt]

n.

污渍, 墨水渍

错事, 污点

vt.

涂污

(用吸墨纸)吸干

blotting

[D.J.:ˈblɔtiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈblɑtɪŋ]

n.

吸墨水纸

blot *

1. blot blots
If something is a blot on a person's or thing's reputation, it spoils their reputation.

- ...a blot on the reputation of the architectural profession...

- This drugs scandal is another blot on the Olympics.

N-COUNT: N on n
= stain black mark

2. blot blots
A blot is a drop of liquid that has fallen on to a surface and has dried.

- ...an ink blot.

N-COUNT

3. blot blots blotting blotted
If you blot a surface, you remove liquid from it by pressing a piece of soft paper or cloth onto it.

- Before applying make-up, blot the face with a tissue to remove any excess oils.

VB

4. blot
If you describe something such as a building as a blot on the landscape , you mean that you think it is very ugly and spoils an otherwise attractive place.

- The developers insist the £80m village will not leave a blot on the landscape.

PHR: blot inflects

blot

noun

1.

spot

blotch

mark

patch

smear

smudge

speck

splodge

2.

stain

blemish

defect

fault

flaw

scar

spot

taint

verb

3.

stain

disgrace

mark

smirch

smudge

spoil

spot

sully

tarnish

4.

soak up

absorb

dry

take up

blot out

5.

obliterate

darken

destroy

eclipse

efface

obscure

shadow

erase

cancel

expunge

blot out *

1. blot out blots out; blotting out; blotted out
If one thing blots out another thing, it is in front of the other thing and prevents it from being seen.

- About the time the three climbers were halfway down, clouds blotted out the sun.

- ...the victim, whose face was blotted out by a camera blur.

- ... with mist blotting everything out except the endless black of the spruce on either side.

PHR-V

2. blot out blots out; blotting out; blotted out
If you try to blot out a memory, you try to forget it. If one thought or memory blots out other thoughts or memories, it becomes the only one that you can think about.

- Are you saying that she's trying to blot out all memory of the incident?.

- The boy has gaps in his mind about it. He is blotting certain things out.

- She has suffered an extremely unhappy childhood, but simply blotted it out of her memory.

PHR-V

blotch

[D.J.:blɔtʃ]

[K.K.:blɑtʃ]

n.

(皮肤上的)红斑,疹块

大滴 〔大片〕(墨水或颜色的)污渍

vt.

使沾上污渍,弄脏

blotch

blotch blotches
A blotch is a small unpleasant-looking area of colour, for example on someone's skin.

- His face was covered in red blotches, seemingly a nasty case of acne.

N-COUNT
= mark

blotched

blotched
Something that is blotched has blotches on it.

- Her narrow face is blotched and swollen.

- ...a dozen cargo planes blotched with camouflage colors.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n
= marked

blotchy

[ˈblɔtʃi]

adj.

有斑点的, 有污渍的

blotchy

blotchy
Something that is blotchy has blotches on it.

- Her face had been blotchy and her mascara had run.

- ...blotchy marks on the leaves.

ADJ-GRADED
= spotty

blotter

[D.J.:ˈblɔtə]

[K.K.:ˈblɑtɚ]

n.

吸墨纸

临时记录簿, 记事本

blotter

blotter blotters
A blotter is a large sheet of blotting paper kept in a special holder on a desk.
N-COUNT

blotting paper

blotting paper
Blotting paper is thick soft paper that you use for soaking up and drying ink on a piece of paper.
N-UNCOUNT

blouse

[D.J.:blauz]

[K.K.:blaʊs, blaʊz]

n.

(妇女穿的)短上衣, 女衬衫

blouse *

blouse blouses
A blouse is a kind of shirt worn by a girl or woman.
N-COUNT

blow over ****

blow over blows over; blowing over; blew over; blown over
If something such as trouble or an argument blows over , it ends without any serious consequences.

- Wait, and it'll all blow over.

PHR-V

blow up ****

1. blow up blows up; blowing up; blew up; blown up
If someone blows something up or if it blows up , it is destroyed by an explosion.

- He was jailed for 45 years for trying to blow up a plane.

- Their boat blew up as they slept.

PHR-V-ERG

2. blow up blows up; blowing up; blew up; blown up
If you blow up something such as a balloon or a tyre, you fill it with air.

- Other than blowing up a tyre I hadn't done any car maintenance.

PHR-V

3. blow up blows up; blowing up; blew up; blown up
If a wind or a storm blows up , the weather becomes very windy or stormy.

- A storm blew up over the mountains.

PHR-V

4. blow up blows up; blowing up; blew up; blown up
If you blow up at someone, you lose your temper and shout at them. (INFORMAL)

- I'm sorry I blew up at you.

- When Myra told Karp she'd expose his past, he blew up.

PHR-V
= explode

5. blow up blows up; blowing up; blew up; blown up
If someone blows an incident up or if it blows up , it is made to seem more serious or important than it really is.

- Newspapers blew up the story.

- The media may be blowing it up out of proportion.

- The scandal blew up into a major political furore.

PHR-V-ERG

6. blow up blows up; blowing up; blew up; blown up
If a photographic image is blown up , a large copy is made of it.

- The image is blown up on a large screen.

- ...two blown up photos of Paddy.

PHR-V

blow up

verb

1.

explode

blast

blow sky-high

bomb

burst

detonate

rupture

shatter

2.

inflate

bloat

distend

enlarge

expand

fill

puff up

pump up

swell

3.

lose one's temper

become angry

erupt

fly off the handle informal

hit the roof informal

rage

see red informal

blow-by-blow

[D.J.:ˈbləʊbaɪˈbləʊ]

[K.K.:ˈblobaɪˈblo]

adj.

极为详尽的,逐一记录的

blow-by-blow

blow-by-blow
A blow-by-blow account of an event describes every stage of it in great detail. (INFORMAL)

- She always demanded a blow-by-blow account of what had happened.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

blow-dried

外表过分光鲜、整洁的

blow-dry

[D.J.:ˈbləʊˌdraɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbloˌdraɪ]

用吹风机吹干(头发)

blow-dry

1. blow-dry blow-dries blow-drying blow-dried
If you blow-dry your hair, you dry it with a hairdryer, often to give it a particular style.

- She chose to blow-dry her own hair.

- He has blow-dried blonde hair and a hairy chest.

VB

2. blow-dry
Also a noun.

- The price of a cut and blow-dry will vary from £13.95 to £25.

N-SING

blower

[D.J.:ˈbləuə]

[K.K.:ˈbloɚ]

n.

风箱

电话

blower

blower
The blower is the telephone. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- Anyway, I soon got on the blower to him.

N-SING: the N

blowlamp

[ˈbləulæmp]

n.

喷灯; 焊灯

blowlamp

blowlamp blowlamps
A blowlamp is a device which produces a hot flame, and is used to heat metal or remove old paint. (BRIT; in AM use blowtorch )
N-COUNT also blow lamp .
= blowtorch

blow-out

暴发性火

blow-out

1. blow-out blow-outs
A blow-out is a large meal, often a celebration with family or friends, at which people may eat too much. (INFORMAL)

- Once in a while we had a major blow-out.

N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) blowout
= pig-out

2. blow-out blow-outs
If you have a blow-out while you are driving a car, one of the tyres suddenly bursts.

- A lorry travelling south had a blow-out and crashed.

N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) blowout
= puncture

3. blow-out blow-outs
A blow-out in an amount or a price is a sudden increase in it. (AUSTRALIAN, JOURNALISM)

- ...a blow-out in surgery costs.

- ...a blow-out in the balance of payments.

N-COUNT: oft N in n (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) blowout

blowtorch

[D.J.:ˈbləʊˌtɔ:tʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbloˌtɔrtʃ]

n.

吹管,喷灯

blowtorch

blowtorch blowtorches
A blowtorch is the same as a blowlamp .
N-COUNT

blow-up

单相交

blow-up

1. blow-up blow-ups
A blow-up is a photograph or picture that has been made bigger. (INFORMAL)

- ...a grainy blowup obviously taken with a telephoto lens in bad light.

- ...yellowing blow-ups of James Dean.

N-COUNT also blowup .

2. blow-up blow-ups
A blow-up is a sudden fierce argument. (INFORMAL)

- It is understood he had a blow-up with coach Chris Anderson.

- He and Cohen appeared headed for a major blowup.

N-COUNT: oft N with also blowup .
= explosion

blub

[blʌb]

v.

哭 哭着说出

n.

一阵哭泣

blub

blub blubbing blubbed
If someone blubs , they cry because they are unhappy or frightened. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- All of a sudden I felt very weak and wanted to blub.

VB
= cry blubber

blubber

[D.J.:ˈblʌbə]

[K.K.:ˈblʌbɚ]

n.

鲸脂, 鲸油, 海兽脂

啜泣,哽咽

vt.

哭诉

vi.

又哭又闹

adj.

肿大的;肥厚的

blubbering

提取鲸脂

blubber

1. blubber
Blubber is the fat of whales, seals, and similar sea animals.

- This enables the baby whale to develop a thick layer of blubber to protect it from the cold sea.

N-UNCOUNT

2. blubber blubbers blubbering blubbered
If someone blubbers , they cry noisily and in an unattractive way. (INFORMAL)

- To their surprise, their mother started to blubber like a child.

VB

bludgeon

[D.J.:ˈblʌdʒən]

[K.K.:ˈblʌdʒən]

n.

大头短棒

vt. & vi.

用大头棒打, 重击

bludgeon *

1. bludgeon bludgeons bludgeoning bludgeoned
To bludgeon someone means to hit them several times with a heavy object.

- He broke into the old man's house and bludgeoned him with a hammer.

- A wealthy businessman has been found bludgeoned to death.

VB

2. bludgeon bludgeons bludgeoning bludgeoned
If someone bludgeons you into doing something, they make you do it by behaving aggressively.

- Their approach simply bludgeons you into submission.

- His relentless aggression bludgeons you into seeing his point.

VB
= bulldoze

bludgeon

noun Informal

1.

club

cosh Brit.

cudgel

truncheon

verb

2.

club

beat up

cosh Brit.

cudgel

knock down

strike

3.

bully

bulldoze informal

coerce

force

railroad informal

steamroller

blue

[D.J.:blu:]

[K.K.:blu]

n.

蓝色, 蔚蓝; 青色

adj.

蓝色的, 蓝的

沮丧的, 忧郁的

bluer

(枪炮的)染蓝检验工

blues

[D.J.:blu:z]

[K.K.:bluz]

n.

(一阵)沮丧, 忧郁

蓝调, 布鲁斯

一首布鲁斯乐曲

blue *****

1. blue blues bluer bluest
Something that is blue is the colour of the sky on a sunny day.

- There were swallows in the cloudless blue sky.

- She fixed her pale blue eyes on her father's.

- ...colourful blues and reds.

COLOUR

2. blue blues
The blues is a type of music which was developed by African American musicians in the southern United States. It is characterized by a slow tempo and a strong rhythm.

- His singing really does have the depth and the emotional range of the blues.

- ...the blues bars of Chicago.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. blue blues
If you have got the blues , you feel sad and depressed. (INFORMAL)

- Interfering in-laws are the prime sources of the blues.

N-PLURAL: the N

4. blue bluer bluest
If you are feeling blue , you are feeling sad or depressed, often when there is no particular reason. (INFORMAL)

- There's no earthly reason for me to feel so blue.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= down

5. blue blues
A Cambridge blue or an Oxford blue is a man or woman who has played for Cambridge or Oxford University in a particular sport. (BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu supp N

6. blue
Blue films, stories, or jokes are about sex.

- ...a secret stash of porn mags and blue movies.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. blue
If something happens out of the blue , it happens unexpectedly.

- One of them wrote to us out of the blue several years later.

PHR

blue

adjective

1.

azure

cerulean

cobalt

cyan

navy

sapphire

sky-coloured

ultramarine

2.

depressed

dejected

despondent

downcast

low

melancholy

sad

unhappy

3.

smutty

indecent

lewd

obscene

risqu´e

X-rated informal

blues

plural noun

depression

doldrums

dumps informal

gloom

low spirits

melancholy

unhappiness

blue baby

blue baby blue babies
A blue baby is a baby whose skin is slightly blue because it has been born with something wrong with its heart.
N-COUNT

bluebell

[D.J.:ˈblu:bel]

[K.K.:ˈbluˌbɛl]

n.

圆叶风铃草

bluebell *

bluebell bluebells
Bluebells are plants that have blue bell-shaped flowers on thin upright stems. Bluebells flower in the spring.
N-COUNT

blueberry

[D.J.:ˈblu:bəri]

[K.K.:ˈbluˌbɛri]

n.

越橘的一种

blueberry

blueberry blueberries
A blueberry is a small dark blue fruit that is found in North America. Blueberries are usually cooked before they are eaten.
N-COUNT

blue-black

[D.J.:ˈblu:ˈblæk]

[K.K.:ˈbluˈblæk]

adj.

深蓝色的

blue-black

blue-black
Something that is blue-black is bluish black in colour.

- ...beautiful blue-black hair.

COLOUR

blue-blooded

adj.

贵族的,系出名门的,纯种的

blue-blooded

blue-blooded
A blue-blooded person is from a royal or noble family.

- While not blue-blooded herself, the Duchess married into the most aristocratic family in the British Isles.

ADJ

blue book

blue book blue books
A blue book is an official government report or register of statistics. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also Blue Book .

bluebottle

[D.J.:ˈblu:ˌbɔtl]

[K.K.:ˈbluˌbɑtl..]

n.

反吐丽蝇(腹部蓝色)

<澳> 葡萄牙军舰

矢车菊

<英口>警察

bluebottle

bluebottle bluebottles
A bluebottle is a large fly with a shiny dark-blue body.
N-COUNT

blue chip *

blue chip blue chips
Blue chip stocks and shares are an investment which are considered fairly safe to invest in while also being profitable.

- Blue chip issues were sharply higher, but the rest of the market actually declined slightly by the end of the day.

N-COUNT: oft N n

blue-collar

[D.J.:ˈblu:ˌkɔlə]

[K.K.:ˈbluˌkɑlɚ]

adj.

工作服的

工人阶级的

blue-collar *

blue-collar
Blue-collar workers work in industry, doing physical work, rather than in offices.

- By 1925, blue-collar workers in manufacturing industry had become the largest occupational group.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ white collar

blue-eyed boy

blue-eyed boy blue-eyed boys
Someone's blue-eyed boy is a young man who they like better than anyone else and who therefore receives better treatment than other people. (BRIT; in AM use fair-haired boy )

- He was the media's darling, the Government's blue-eyed boy.

N-COUNT: oft poss N disapproval
= pet favourite

bluegrass

[D.J.:ˈblu:ˌɡrɑ:s]

[K.K.:ˈbluˌɡræs]

n.

莓系属的牧草

bluegrass

bluegrass
Bluegrass is a style of fast folk music that began in the Southern United States.
N-UNCOUNT

blue jeans

blue jeans
Blue jeans are the same as jeans .

- ...faded blue jeans.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

blueprint

[D.J.:ˈblu:ˈprint]

[K.K.:ˈbluˌprɪnt]

n.

蓝图, 设计图

blueprint *

1. blueprint blueprints
A blueprint for something is a plan or set of proposals that shows how it is expected to work.

- The country's president will offer delegates his blueprint for the country's future.

- the blueprint of a new plan of economic reform.

N-COUNT: usu N for n
= scheme

2. blueprint blueprints
A blueprint of an architect's building plans or a designer's pattern is a photographic print consisting of white lines on a blue background. Blueprints contain all of the information that is needed to build or make something.

- ...a blueprint of the whole place, complete with heating ducts and wiring...

- The documents contain a blueprint for a nuclear device.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= design

3. blueprint blueprints
A genetic blueprint is a pattern which is contained within all living cells. This pattern decides how the organism develops and what it looks like.

- The offspring contain a mixture of the genetic blueprint of each parent.

- DNA is the genetic material inside every cell that carries the blueprints for everything from hair color to the risk of cancer.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

blueprint

noun

plan

design

draft

outline

pattern

pilot scheme

prototype

sketch

blue riband

blue riband blue ribands
If someone or something wins the blue riband in a competition, they win first prize. The prize is sometimes in the shape of a blue ribbon. (BRIT; in AM use blue ribbon )

- Olga did not win the all-round championship, the blue riband event.

N-COUNT also blue ribband .

blue ribbon

blue ribbon blue ribbons
A blue ribbon is the same as a blue riband . (AM)
N-COUNT

bluestocking

[D.J.:ˈblu:stɔkiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbluˌstɑkɪŋ]

n.

女学者,装做有学问的女人

bluestocking

bluestocking bluestockings
A bluestocking is an intellectual woman. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT also blue-stocking . disapproval

bluesy

[ˈblu:zi]

adj.

布鲁斯乐的(一种摇摆乐)

bluesy

bluesy
If you describe a song or the way it is performed as bluesy , you mean that it is performed in a way that is characteristic of the blues.

- ...bluesy sax-and-strings theme music.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

blue tit

blue tit blue tits
A blue tit is a small European bird with a blue head, wings, and tail, and a yellow front.
N-COUNT

bluff

[D.J.:blʌf]

[K.K.:blʌf]

vi.

以假象欺骗, 吹牛

vt.

以虚张声势找出或达成

n.

欺骗, 恐吓

悬崖, 峭壁

adj.

直率的, 爽快的, 粗率的

bluffing

褶边装置

bluff *

1. bluff bluffs
A bluff is an attempt to make someone believe that you will do something when you do not really intend to do it.

- The letter was a bluff.

- It is essential to build up the military option and show that this is not a bluff.

- What we're at here is a game of bluff.

N-VAR
See also double bluff .

2. bluff
If you call someone's bluff , you tell them to do what they have been threatening to do, because you are sure that they will not really do it.

- The Socialists have decided to call the opposition's bluff.

PHR: V inflects

3. bluff bluffs bluffing bluffed
If you bluff , you make someone believe that you will do something when you do not really intend to do it, or that you know something when you do not really know it.

- Either side, or both, could be bluffing.

- In each case the hijackers bluffed the crew using fake grenades.

- He tried to bluff his way through another test and failed it.

VB

4. bluff bluffs
A bluff is a steep cliff or bank, especially by a river or the sea.

- ...a high bluff over the Congaree River.

N-COUNT

5. bluff
If you describe someone, usually a man, as bluff , you mean that they have a very direct way of speaking and behaving.

- He comes across as a man with a bluff exterior who, beyond that, is difficult to get to know.

- He has continued to write with a bluff, vivid humour about Yorkshire life.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

bluff

verb

1.

deceive

con

delude

fake

feign

mislead

pretend

pull the wool over someone's eyes

noun

2.

deception

bluster

bravado

deceit

fraud

humbug

pretence

sham

subterfuge

bluff

noun

1.

precipice

bank

cliff

crag

escarpment

headland

peak

promontory

ridge

adjective

2.

hearty

blunt

blustering

genial

good-natured

open

outspoken

plain-spoken

bluish

[D.J.:ˈblu:ɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbluɪʃ]

adj.

接近蓝色的, 浅蓝的

bluish

bluish
Something that is bluish is slightly blue in colour.

- ...bluish-grey eyes.

COLOUR also blueish .

blunder

[D.J.:ˈblʌndə]

[K.K.:ˈblʌndɚ]

n.

(因无知、粗心等造成)的错误

vi.

犯错误

踉踉跄跄地走

blundering

[ˈblʌndəriŋ]

adj.

浮躁的,笨拙的,易犯错的

blunder *

1. blunder blunders
A blunder is a stupid or careless mistake.

- I think he made a tactical blunder by announcing it so far ahead of time.

N-COUNT
= gaffe

2. blunder blunders blundering blundered
If you blunder , you make a stupid or careless mistake.

- No doubt I had blundered again.

- You're a blundering fool.

VB

3. blunder blunders blundering blundered
If you blunder into a dangerous or difficult situation, you get involved in it by mistake.

- People wanted to know how they had blundered into war, and how to avoid it in future.

VB

4. blunder blunders blundering blundered
If you blunder somewhere, you move there in a clumsy and careless way.

- He had blundered into the table, upsetting the flowers.

VB

blunder

noun

1.

mistake

bloomer Brit. informal

clanger informal

faux pas

gaffe

howler informal

indiscretion

2.

error

fault

inaccuracy

mistake

oversight

slip

slip-up informal

verb

3.

make a mistake

botch

bungle

err

put one's foot in it informal

slip up informal

4.

stumble

bumble

flounder

blunt

[D.J.:blʌnt]

[K.K.:blʌnt]

adj.

率直的, 直言不讳的

钝的

vt.

把…弄钝, 减弱

bluntly

[D.J.:ˈbl ʌntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbl ʌntlɪ]

adv.

钝地

率直地

迟钝地

bluntness

n.

率直,迟钝

blunt **

1. blunt blunter bluntest
If you are blunt , you say exactly what you think without trying to be polite.

- She is blunt about her personal life.

- She told the industry in blunt terms that such discrimination is totally unacceptable.

ADJ-GRADED

2. bluntly

- `I don't believe you!' Jeanne said bluntly.

- To put it bluntly, he became a pain.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. bluntness

- His bluntness got him into trouble.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N

4. blunt
A blunt object has a rounded or flat end rather than a sharp one.

- One of them had been struck 13 times over the head with a blunt object.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ pointed

5. blunt blunter bluntest
A blunt knife or blade is no longer sharp and does not cut well.
ADJ-GRADED
≠ sharp

6. blunt blunts blunting blunted
If something blunts an emotion, a feeling or a need, it weakens it.

- The constant repetition of violence has blunted the human response to it.

- Our appetite was blunted by the beer.

VB

blunt

adjective

1.

dull

dulled

edgeless

pointless

rounded

unsharpened

2.

forthright

bluff

brusque

frank

outspoken

plain-spoken

rude

straightforward

tactless

verb

3.

dull

dampen

deaden

numb

soften

take the edge off

water down

weaken

blur

[D.J.:blə:]

[K.K.:blɚ]

n.

模糊, 模糊之物

vt. & vi.

(使)变模糊

blurred

模糊的

blurring

[ˈblə:riŋ]

n.

模糊,斑点甚多,(图像的)混乱

blur **

1. blur blurs
A blur is a shape or area which you cannot see clearly because it has no distinct outline or because it is moving very fast.

- Out of the corner of my eye I saw a blur of movement on the other side of the glass.

- Her face is a blur.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. blur blurs blurring blurred
When a thing blurs or when something blurs it, you cannot see it clearly because its edges are no longer distinct.

- This creates a spectrum of colours at the edges of objects which blurs the image.

- If you move your eyes and your head, the picture will blur.

V-ERG
= smudge

3. blurred

- ...blurred black and white photographs.

ADJ-GRADED

4. blur blurs blurring blurred
If something blurs an idea or a distinction between things, that idea or distinction no longer seems clear.

- ...her belief that scientists are trying to blur the distinction between `how' and `why' questions...

- The evidence is blurred by central banks' reluctance to reveal their blunders.

VB
= obscure

5. blurred

- The line between fact and fiction is becoming blurred.

ADJ-GRADED

6. blur blurs blurring blurred
If your vision blurs , or if something blurs it, you cannot see things clearly.

- Her eyes, behind her glasses, began to blur.

- Sweat ran from his forehead into his eyes, blurring his vision.

V-ERG

7. blurred

- ...visual disturbances like eye-strain and blurred vision.

ADJ-GRADED

blur

verb

1.

make indistinct

cloud

darken

make hazy

make vague

mask

obscure

noun

2.

indistinctness

confusion

fog

haze

obscurity

blurb

[D.J.:blə:b]

[K.K.:blɚb]

n.

(尤指印在书籍等护封上的)简介, 推荐广告

blurb

blurb blurbs
The blurb about a new book, film, or exhibition is information about it that is written in order to attract people's interest. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu sing, oft the N

blurry

[D.J.:ˈblɜ:rɪ]

[K.K.:ˈblə..ɪ]

adj.

模糊的

污脏的;污斑的

blurry

blurry
A blurry shape is one that has an unclear outline.

- ...a blurry picture of a man.

ADJ-GRADED
= blurred

blurt

[D.J.:blə:t]

[K.K.:blɚt]

vt.

突然说出, 脱口而出

blurt *

blurt blurts blurting blurted
If someone blurts something, they say it suddenly, after trying hard to keep quiet or to keep it secret.

- `I was looking for Sally', he blurted, and his eyes filled with tears.

VB

blurt out *

blurt out blurts out; blurting out; blurted out
If someone blurts something out , they blurt it. (INFORMAL)

- `You're mad,' the driver blurted out.

- Over the food, Richard blurted out what was on his mind.

PHR-V

blurt out

verb

exclaim

disclose

let the cat out of the bag

reveal

spill the beans informal

tell all

utter suddenly

blush

[D.J.:blʌʃ]

[K.K.:blʌʃ]

vi.

脸红

n.

脸红

blushing

[ˈblʌʃiŋ]

n.

红色的;雾浊

blush *

1. blush blushes blushing blushed
When you blush , your face becomes redder than usual because you are ashamed or embarrassed.

- `Hello, Maria,' he said, and she blushed again.

- I blushed scarlet at my stupidity.

VB

2. blush blushes
Also a noun.

- `The most important thing is to be honest,' she says, without the trace of a blush.

N-COUNT

3. blush
If you spare someone's blushes or save someone's blushes , you avoid doing or saying something that will embarrass them. (JOURNALISM)

- `We don't want to name the man to spare his blushes,' said a police spokesman.

PHR: V inflects

blush

verb

1.

turn red

colour

flush

go red (as a beetroot)

redden

turn scarlet

noun

2.

reddening

colour

flush

glow

pink tinge

rosiness

rosy tint

ruddiness

blusher

[D.J.:ˈblʌʃə]

[K.K.:ˈblʌʃɚ]

n.

胭脂霜或粉(盒)

blusher

blusher blushers
Blusher is a coloured substance that women put on their cheeks.
N-MASS

bluster

[D.J.:ˈblʌstə]

[K.K.:ˈblʌstɚ]

vi.

外强中干的威吓; 咆哮

(风)呼啸, 狂吹

n.

大声的威吓

狂风声, 巨浪声

blustering

[ˈblʌstəriŋ]

adj.

狂风大作的,狂暴的

bluster *

1. bluster blusters blustering blustered
If you say that someone is blustering , you mean that they are speaking aggressively but without authority, often because they are angry or offended.

- `That's lunacy,' he blustered.

- He was still blustering, but there was panic in his eyes.

VB

2. bluster
Also a noun.

- ...the bluster of the Conservatives' campaign.

N-UNCOUNT

bluster

verb

1.

roar

bully

domineer

hector

rant

storm

noun

2.

hot air informal

bluff

bombast

bravado

blustery

[ˈblʌstəri]

adj.

大风的,吵闹的

blustery

blustery
Blustery weather is rough, windy, and often rainy, with the wind often changing in strength or direction.

- It's a cold night here, with intermittent rain showers and a blustery wind.

- ...a cool, blustery day.

ADJ-GRADED

blustery

adjective

gusty

boisterous

inclement

squally

stormy

tempestuous

violent

wild

windy

Blvd

Blvd
Blvd is a written abbreviation for boulevard . It is used especially in addresses and on maps or signs.

- ...1515 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22209.

(AM) Blvd.

B-movie

B-movie B-movies
A B-movie is a film which is produced quickly and cheaply and is often considered to have little artistic value.

- ...some old Hollywood B-movie.

N-COUNT

bn

Brunei Darussalam 文莱达鲁萨兰国

bn.

10亿

bn.

bn.
bn. is a written abbreviation for billion .

- ...total value, dollars bn. 15.6.

B.O.

狐臭

B.O.

B.O.
B.O. is an unpleasant smell caused by sweat on a person's body. B.O. is an abbreviation for `body odour'. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

boa

[D.J.:ˈbəʊə]

[K.K.:ˈboə]

n.

蟒

女用长围巾

boa constrictor

王蛇

boa

1. boa boas
A boa or a feather boa is a long soft scarf made of feathers or of short pieces of very light fabric.

- She wore a large pink boa around her neck.

N-COUNT

2. boa boas
A boa is the same as a boa constrictor .
N-COUNT

boa constrictor

boa constrictor boa constrictors
A boa constrictor is a large snake that kills animals by wrapping itself round their bodies and squeezing them to death. Boa constrictors are found mainly in South and Central America and the West Indies.
N-COUNT

boar

[D.J.:bɔ:, bəʊr]

[K.K.:bɔr, bor]

n.

(未阉的)公猪；野猪

boar *

1. boar boars
A boar or a wild boar is a wild pig.

- Wild boar are numerous in the valleys.

N-COUNT The plural boar or boars can be used

2. boar boars
A boar is a male pig.
N-COUNT

board

[D.J.:bɔ:d]

[K.K.:bɔrd, bord]

n.

板, 牌子, 黑板

纸板, 木板

委员会, 董事会

(包饭的)伙食

vt.

用木板覆盖或封闭

上(船、车或飞机)

vt. & vi.

搭伙(并寄宿), 收费供膳食(及住宿)

boarding

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:dɪŋ]

n.

寄膳(宿)

木板(建造之物)

用木板制成的物体

上船(或火车、飞机等)

boards

板纸;纸板

board ****

1. board boards
A board is a flat, thin, rectangular piece of wood or plastic which is used for a particular purpose.

- ...a chopping board.

N-COUNT: usu n N

2. board boards
A board is a square piece of wood or stiff cardboard that you use for playing games such as chess.

- ...a draughts board...

- Dr Tinsley had five pieces on the board against Chinook's four.

N-COUNT

3. board boards
You can refer to a blackboard or a noticeboard as a board .

- He wrote a few more notes on the board.

N-COUNT

4. board boards
Boards are long flat pieces of wood which are used, for example, to make floors or walls.

- The floor was draughty bare boards.

N-COUNT

5. board boards
The board of a company or organization is the group of people who control it and direct it.

- Arthur has made a recommendation, which he wants her to put before the board at a special meeting scheduled for tomorrow afternoon.

- ...the agenda for the September 12 board meeting.

N-COUNT: oft the N in sing
= management

6. board boards
Board is used in the names of various organizations which are involved in dealing with a particular kind of activity.

- The Scottish Tourist Board said 33,000 Japanese visited Scotland last year.

- ...the US National Transportation Safety Board.

N-COUNT: usu the n N

7. board boards boarding boarded
When you board a train, ship, or aircraft, you get on it in order to travel somewhere. (FORMAL)

- I boarded the plane bound for England.

VB
= get on

8. board
Board is the food which is provided when you stay somewhere, for example in a hotel.

- Free room and board are provided for all hotel staff.

N-UNCOUNT

9. board
An arrangement or deal that is above board is legal and is being carried out honestly and openly.

- All I knew about were Antony's own financial dealings, which were always above board.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
= honest ≠ shady

10. board
If a policy or a situation applies across the board , it affects everything or everyone in a particular group.

- There are hefty charges across the board for one-way rental.

- The President promised across-the-board tax cuts if re-elected.

PHR: usu PHR after v, PHR n

11. board
If something goes by the board , it is rejected or ignored, or is no longer possible.

- It's a case of not what you know but who you know in this world today and qualifications quite go by the board.

PHR: V inflects

12. board
When you are on board a train, ship, or aircraft, you are on it or in it.

- They arrived at Gatwick airport on board a plane chartered by the Italian government.

- A US naval task force with two thousand marines on board is waiting off the coast.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR, oft PHR n

13. board
If someone sweeps the board in a competition or election, they win nearly everything that it is possible to win.

- Spain swept the board in boys' team competitions.

PHR: V inflects

14. board
If you take on board an idea or a problem, you begin to accept it or understand it.

- You may have to accept their point of view, but hope that they will take on board some of what you have said.

PHR: V inflects

boarding

1. boarding
Boarding is an arrangement by which children live at school during the school term.

- They find boarding gives their children roots.

- Annual boarding fees are £10,350.

N-UNCOUNT

2. boarding
Boarding is long, flat pieces of wood which can be used to make walls, doors, and fences.

- ...the white-painted boarding in the sitting room.

N-UNCOUNT

board

noun

1.

plank

panel

piece of timber

slat

timber

2.

directors

advisers

committee

conclave

council

panel

trustees

3.

meals

daily meals

provisions

victuals

verb

4.

get on

embark

enter

mount

5.

lodge

put up

quarter

room

board out ****

board out boards out; boarding out; boarded out
If someone in your care is boarded out , they are sent to stay with someone else. (BRIT)

- As a child in the care of a local authority he had been boarded out with a farmer in Shropshire.

PHR-V: usu passive

board up ****

1. board up boards up; boarding up; boarded up
If you board up a door or window, you fix pieces of wood over it so that it is covered up.

- Shopkeepers have boarded up their windows.

PHR-V

2. boarded up

- Half the shops are boarded up on the estate's small shopping street.

- ...the boarded-up houses and the derelict factories of Merseyside.

ADJ

board and lodging

board and lodging
If you are provided with board and lodging , you are provided with food and a place to sleep, especially as part of the conditions of a job.

- You get a big salary incentive and free board and lodging too.

N-UNCOUNT

boarder

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:də, ˈbəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈbɔrdɚ, ˈbor-]

n.

寄宿者

寄宿生,住校生

被派强登敌船者

登船(或飞机等)的人

boarder

boarder boarders
A boarder is a pupil who lives at school during the term. (BRIT)

- Sue started as a boarder at Benenden last September.

N-COUNT

board game

board game board games
A board game is a game such as chess or backgammon, which people play by moving small objects around on a board.

- ...a new board game played with dice.

N-COUNT also board-game .

boarding card

boarding card boarding cards
A boarding card is a card which a passenger must have when boarding a plane or a boat.
N-COUNT
= boarding pass

boarding house

boarding house boarding houses
A boarding house is a house which people pay to stay in for a short time.
N-COUNT The spellings boardinghouse in American English, and boarding-house in British English are also used.
= guest-house

boarding school *

boarding school boarding schools
A boarding school is a school which some or all of the pupils live in during the school term. Compare day school .

- She sent her son to a boarding school in the East.

- Of course, now she is away at boarding school.

N-VAR also boarding-school .

boardroom

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:dru:m]

[K.K.:ˈbɔrdˌrum, -ˌrʊm, ˈbord-]

n.

会议室,交换场所

boardroom *

boardroom boardrooms
The boardroom is a room where the board of a company meets.

- Everyone had already assembled in the boardroom for the 9:00 a.m. session.

N-COUNT also board room .

boardwalk

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:dwɔ:k]

[K.K.:ˈbɔrdˌwɔk, ˈbord-]

n.

(常在海滨)用木板铺成的小道

boardwalk

boardwalk boardwalks
A boardwalk is a path made of wooden boards, especially one along a beach. (AM)
N-COUNT

boast

[D.J.:bəust]

[K.K.:bost]

n.

自吹自擂, 自夸的话

vt. & vi.

自夸

vt.

有(引以为荣的事物)

boast **

1. boast boasts boasting boasted
If someone boasts about something that they have done or that they own, they talk about it very proudly, in a way that other people may find irritating or offensive.

- Witnesses said Furci boasted that he took part in killing them.

- Carol boasted about her costume.

- He's boasted of being involved in the arms theft.

- We remember our mother's stern instructions not to boast.

VB disapproval

2. boast boasts
Also a noun.

- It is the charity's proud boast that it has never yet turned anyone away.

- He was asked about earlier boasts of a quick victory.

N-COUNT: oft N that, N prep

3. boast boasts boasting boasted
If someone or something can boast a particular achievement or possession, they have achieved or possess that thing.

- The houses will boast the latest energy-saving technology.

- Frommen says his country boasts a healthy economy.

VB

boast

verb

1.

brag

blow one's own trumpet

crow

strut

swagger

talk big slang

vaunt

2.

possess

be proud of

congratulate oneself on

exhibit

flatter oneself

pride oneself on

show off

noun

3.

brag

avowal

boastful

[D.J.:ˈbəʊstfʊl]

adj.

<贬>(人)好自夸的;(言辞)自吹自擂的

boastfully

adv.

boastfulness

n.

boastful

boastful
If someone is boastful , they talk too proudly about something that they have done or that they own.

- I am not afraid of seeming boastful.

- The last thing we want to do is make boastful predictions.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= bragging

boastful

adjective

bragging

cocky

conceited

crowing

egotistical

full of oneself

swaggering

swollen-headed

vaunting

boat

[D.J.:bəut]

[K.K.:bot]

n.

小船, 小艇

vi.

乘船, 划船

vt.

用船载运

boat ****

1. boat boats
A boat is something in which people can travel across water.

- One of the best ways to see the area is in a small boat.

- The island may be reached by boat from the mainland.

N-COUNT: also by N

2. boat boats
You can refer to a passenger ship as a boat .

- When the boat reached Cape Town, we said a temporary goodbye.

N-COUNT

3. boat
If you say that someone has missed the boat , you mean that they have missed an opportunity and may not get another.
PHR: V inflects

4. boat
If you push the boat out , you spend a lot of money on something, especially in order to celebrate. (BRIT)

- I earn enough to push the boat out now and again.

PHR: V inflects

5. boat
If you say that someone is rocking the boat , you mean that they are upsetting a calm situation and causing trouble.

- I said I didn't want to rock the boat in any way.

PHR: V inflects

6. boat
If two or more people are in the same boat , they are in the same unpleasant situation.
PHR: usu v-link PHR

boatbuilder

boatbuilder boatbuilders
A boatbuilder is a person or company that makes boats.
N-COUNT also boat builder .

boatbuilding

boatbuilding
Boatbuilding is the craft or industry of making boats.

- Sunbeam Yachts started boatbuilding in 1870.

N-UNCOUNT also boat-building .

boater

[D.J.:ˈbəutə]

[K.K.:ˈbotɚ]

n.

乘船者,硬草帽

boater

boater boaters
A boater or a straw boater is a hard straw hat with a flat top and brim which is often worn for certain social occasions in the summer.
N-COUNT

boathouse

[D.J.:ˈbəʊtˌhaʊs]

[K.K.:ˈbotˌhaʊs]

n.

船库

boathouse

boathouse boathouses
A boathouse is a building at the edge of a lake, in which boats are kept.
N-COUNT also boat house .

boating

[ˈbəutiŋ]

n.

划船

boating *

boating
Boating is travelling on a lake or river in a small boat for pleasure.

- You can go boating or play tennis.

- They were killed in a boating accident.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

boatload

[D.J.:ˈbəutləud]

[K.K.:ˈbotˌlod]

n.

船的载货量,一条船的货物

boatload

boatload boatloads
A boatload of people or things is a lot of people or things that are, or were, in a boat.

- ...the latest boatload of refugees...

- The good news is that a boatload of rice has finally arrived.

N-COUNT: oft N of n also boat load .

boatman

[D.J.:ˈbəutmən]

[K.K.:ˈbotmən]

n.

船夫

boatman

boatman boatmen
A boatman is a man who is paid by people to take them across an area of water in a small boat, or a man who hires boats out to them for a short time.
N-COUNT

boat people **

boat people
Boat people are people who escape from their country in small boats to travel to another country in the hope that they will be able to live there..

- ...50,000 Vietnamese boat people.

N-PLURAL

boat train

boat train boat trains
A boat train is a train that takes you to or from a port.
N-COUNT

boatyard

n.

船坞,造船厂,修船厂

boatyard

boatyard boatyards
A boatyard is a place where boats are built and repaired or kept.

- The yacht now lies in a boatyard at Lymington.

N-COUNT

bob

[D.J.:ˈb ɔb]

[K.K.:ˈb ɑb]

vt.

使上下(或来回)快速摆动

剪短(头发);截短(尾巴)

轻敲,轻打

vi.

上下(或来回)快速摆动;跃起

行屈膝礼

用浮子钓鱼

(游戏中)试咬住悬挂(或飘动)的目的物(如水果等)

bob up

(迅速)冒出

(突然) 出现

n.

上下(或来回)快速摆动;跳跃

屈膝礼

跳跃舞(一种苏格兰民间舞)

钟摆;秤锤

(丝带、头发等的)一束,一团

(孩童或女子的)短发

剪短的马尾

(钓鱼线上的)浮子;一串鱼饵

连橇;大雪橇

轻敲,轻打

<古>歌曲的短叠句

<英><俚>(旧时英币)一先令(相当于现时的五便士)

bobbed

[bɔbd]

adj.

剪短的,成束的

bobbing

[ˈbɔbiŋ]

n.

(显示器射线管屏幕上的)标记干扰性移动

bob **

1. bob bobs bobbing bobbed
If something bobs , it moves up and down, like something does when it is floating on water.

- Huge balloons bobbed about in the sky above.

- The raft bobbed along more quietly.

VB

2. bob bobs bobbing bobbed
If you bob somewhere, you move there quickly so that you disappear from view or come into view.

- She handed over a form, then bobbed down again behind a typewriter.

VB

3. bob bobs bobbing bobbed
When you bob your head, you move it quickly up and down once, for example when you greet someone.

- A hostess stood at the top of the steps and bobbed her head at each passenger.

VB
= nod

4. bob bobs
Also a noun.

- The young man smiled with a bob of his head.

N-COUNT
= nod

5. bob
In Britain, people used to refer to a shilling as a bob . (INFORMAL)

- I've only got ten bob on me.

N-COUNT The plural form is bob

6. bob bobs
A bob is a fairly short hair style in which the hair is the same length all the way round, except for the front.
N-COUNT

7. bob
Bits and bobs are small objects or parts of something. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The microscope contains a few hundred dollars-worth of electronic bits and bobs.

PHR
= bits and pieces

bobbed

bobbed
If a woman's hair is bobbed , it is cut in a bob.
ADJ

bob

verb

duck

bounce

hop

nod

oscillate

waggle

wobble

bobbin

[D.J.:ˈbɔbin]

[K.K.:ˈbɑbɪn]

n.

线轴,绕线筒

bobbin

bobbin bobbins
A bobbin is a small round object on which thread or wool is wound to hold it, for example on a sewing machine.
N-COUNT

bobble

[D.J.:ˈbɔbl]

[K.K.:ˈbɑbəl]

n.

轻摇,失误

v.

漏接,弄坏

bobble

1. bobble bobbles
A bobble is a small ball of material, usually made of wool, which is used for decorating clothes. (BRIT; in AM usually use tassel )

- ...the bobble on his nightcap.

N-COUNT

2. bobble bobbles bobbling bobbled
If a ball bobbles , it moves in an irregular and uncontrolled way. (BRIT)

- The ball bobbled into the back of the net.

VB

3. bobble bobbles bobbling bobbled
If a player bobbles a ball, they drop it or fail to control it. (AM)

- The ball was bobbled momentarily, allowing Holloway to race home.

VB
= fumble

bobble hat

bobble hat bobble hats
A bobble hat is a woollen hat with a bobble on it. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

bobby

[D.J.:ˈbɔbi]

[K.K.:ˈbɑbi]

n.

〈英俚〉警察

bobby

bobby bobbies
A bobby is a British policeman, usually of the lowest rank. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- These days, the bobby on the beat is a rare sight.

N-COUNT
= cop

bobby pin

bobby pin bobby pins
A bobby pin is a small piece of metal or plastic bent back on itself, which someone uses to hold their hair in position. (AM; in BRIT use hairgrip )

N-COUNT

bobcat

[D.J.:ˈbɔbkæt]

[K.K.:ˈbɑbˌkæt]

n.

美洲野猫,山猫之类

bobcat

bobcat bobcats
A bobcat is an animal in the cat family which has reddish-brown fur with dark spots or stripes and a short tail. Bobcats live in North America.

- Mountain lions and bobcats roam wild in the mountains.

N-COUNT

bobsled

[D.J.:ˈbɔbsled]

[K.K.:ˈbɑbˌslɛd]

n.

长橇

bobsled

bobsled bobsleds
A bobsled is the same as a bobsleigh . (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

bobsleigh

[ˈbɔbslei]

n.

长橇

bobsleigh

bobsleigh bobsleighs
A bobsleigh is a vehicle with long thin strips of metal fixed to the bottom, which is used for racing downhill on ice. (BRIT; in AM use bobsled )
N-COUNT

bod

[D.J.:bɔd]

[K.K.:bɑd]

n.

人

bod

bod bods
A bod is a person. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- This particular place was run by an ex-Army colonel, a weird old bod called Pryce-Sampson.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= chap

bode

[D.J.:bəʊd]

[K.K.:bod]

vt. & vi.

预示；预告；预言

bodeful

adj.

预兆的,凶兆的

bodement

n.

预兆,凶兆;预示,预言

bodeful

[ˈbəudful]

adj.

预兆的,不祥的

bodement

[ˈbəudmənt]

n.

预兆,预言

boding

[D.J.:ˈbəudiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbodɪŋ]

adj.

凶兆的,先兆的

n.

凶兆,前兆,预感

bode *

bode bodes boding boded
If something bodes ill, it makes you think that something bad will happen in the future. If something bodes well, it makes you think that something good will happen. (FORMAL)

- She says the way the bill was passed bodes ill for democracy.

- Grace had dried her eyes. That boded well.

VB
= augur

bode

verb

portend

augur

be an omen of

forebode

foretell

predict

signify

threaten

bodge

v.

修补

bodge

bodge bodges bodging bodged
If you bodge something, you make it or mend it in a way that is not as good as it should be. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He's a craftsman. It hurts him to have to bodge jobs.

VB
= botch

bodice

[D.J.:ˈbɔdɪs]

[K.K.:ˈbɑdɪs]

n.

妇女连衣裙的上身；妇女紧身马甲；妇女紧身胸衣

bodice

bodice bodices
The bodice of a dress is the part above the waist.

- ...a silky green floral cocktail dress with a fitted bodice and circle skirt.

N-COUNT

bodice ripper

bodice ripper bodice rippers
You can refer to a film or novel which is set in the past and which includes a lot of sex scenes as a bodice ripper , especially if you do not think it is very good and is just intended to entertain people.
N-COUNT disapproval

bodice-ripping

bodice-ripping
A bodice-ripping film or novel is one which is set in the past and which includes a lot of sex scenes. You use this word especially if you do not think it is very good and is just intended to entertain people.

- ...a smoldering seductress in one of those bodice-ripping B-movies.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

bodily

[D.J.:ˈbɔdli:]

[K.K.:ˈbɑdli]

adj.

人体的,身体的;肉体的

物质上的

有形的;有躯体的

adv.

整体地,全部地；成为一体地

亲身地;以肉体形式,活生生地

bodily *

1. bodily
Your bodily needs and functions are the needs and functions of your body.

- ...descriptions of natural bodily functions...

- There's more to eating than just bodily needs.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also grievous bodily harm .

2. bodily
You use bodily to indicate that an action involves the whole of someone's body.

- I was hurled bodily to the deck.

ADV: ADV with v

bodily

adjective

physical

actual

carnal

corporal

corporeal

material

substantial

tangible

bodily function

bodily function bodily functions
A person's bodily functions are the normal physical processes that regularly occur in their body, particularly the ability to urinate and defecate.

- The child was not able to speak, walk properly or control bodily functions.

N-COUNT

body

[D.J.:ˈbɔdi]

[K.K.:ˈbɑdi]

n.

身体, 躯体

尸体, 遗体

物体; 天体

团体, 机构, 群体

主要[最大]部分

body *****

1. body bodies
Your body is all your physical parts, including your head, arms, and legs.

- The largest organ in the body is the liver.

N-COUNT

2. body bodies
You can also refer to the main part of your body, except for your arms, head, and legs, as your body .

- Lying flat on the floor, twist your body on to one hip and cross your upper leg over your body.

N-COUNT
= torso trunk

3. body bodies
You can refer to a person's dead body as a body .

- Officials said they had found no traces of violence on the body of the politician.

N-COUNT
= corpse

4. body bodies
A body is an organized group of people who deal with something officially.

- ...the Chairman of the policemen's representative body, the Police Federation.

- ...the main trade union body, COSATU, Congress of South African Trade Unions.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= organization

5. body bodies
A body of people is a group of people who are together or who are connected in some way.

- ...that large body of people which teaches other people how to teach.

N-COUNT: N of n
= group

6. body
The body of something such as a building or a document is the main part of it or the largest part of it.

- The main body of the church had been turned into a massive television studio.

- Give an introduction, followed by the body of the material, then a brief summary.

N-SING: the N of n
= bulk

7. body bodies
The body of a car or aeroplane is the main part of it, not including its engine, wheels, or wings.

- The only shade was under the body of the plane.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= shell

8. body bodies
A body of water is a large area of water, such as a lake or a sea.

- It is probably the most polluted body of water in the world.

N-COUNT: N of n

9. body bodies
A body of information is a large amount of it.

- An increasing body of evidence suggests that all of us have cancer cells in our bodies at times during our lives.

N-COUNT: N of n
= quantity

10. body
If you say that an alcoholic drink has body , you mean that it has a full and strong flavour.

- ...a dry wine with good body.

N-UNCOUNT

11. body bodies
A body is the same as a bodysuit .
N-COUNT

12. body
You can say over my dead body , to emphasize that you feel very strongly that something should not happen, and that you will do everything you can to prevent it. (INFORMAL)

- `We'll have her over for dinner.' --- `Over my dead body!'

PHR emphasis

13. body
You use body and soul to mean every part of you, including your mind and your emotions.

- He dedicated himself body and soul to the education of young men.

- She was now committed to the band, body and soul.

PHR: PHR after v

14. body
If you keep body and soul together , you have enough money to provide what you need to live.

- He at first kept body and soul together by selling cartoons to the humorous papers.

PHR: V inflects
= make ends meet

body

noun

1.

physique

build

figure

form

frame

shape

2.

torso

trunk

3.

corpse

cadaver

carcass

dead body

remains

stiff slang

4.

organization

association

band

bloc

collection

company

confederation

congress

corporation

society

5.

main part

bulk

essence

mass

material

matter

substance

body armour

body armour
Body armour is special protective clothing which people such as soldiers and police officers sometimes wear when they are in danger of being attacked with guns or other weapons.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) body armor

body bag

body bag body bags
A body bag is a specially designed large plastic bag which is used to carry a dead body away, for example when someone has been killed in a battle or an accident.

- The people are unnerved at the prospect of young soldiers coming home in body bags.

N-COUNT

body blow

body blow body blows
A body blow is something that causes great disappointment and difficulty to someone who is trying to achieve something.

- His resignation will be another body blow to the ruling National Liberation Front.

N-COUNT also body-blow .
= setback ≠ boost

bodybuilder

bodybuilder bodybuilders
A bodybuilder is a person who does special exercises regularly in order to make his or her muscles grow bigger.
N-COUNT also body builder .

bodybuilding

bodybuilding
Bodybuilding is the activity of doing special exercises regularly in order to make your muscles grow bigger.
N-UNCOUNT also body building .

body clock

body clock body clocks
Your body clock is the internal biological mechanism which causes your body to automatically behave in particular ways at particular times of the day.

- Jet lag is caused because the body clock does not readjust immediately to the time change.

N-COUNT: usu sing

bodyguard

[D.J.:ˈbɔdi:ˌgɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈbɑdiˌɡɑrd]

n.

保镖,卫士,警卫员

bodyguard **

bodyguard bodyguards
A bodyguard is a person or a group of people employed to protect someone.

- Three of his bodyguards were injured in the attack.

- The King had brought his own bodyguard of twenty armed men.

N-COUNT

body language *

body language
Your body language is the way in which you show your feelings or thoughts to other people by means of the position or movements of your body, rather than with words.
N-UNCOUNT also body-language .

body odour

body odour
Body odour is an unpleasant smell caused by sweat on a person's body.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) body odor
= B.O.

body politic

body politic
The body politic is all the people of a nation when they are considered as a complete political group. (FORMAL)

- Unfortunately, this sense of internationalism has yet to spread through the body politic.

N-SING: usu the N
= state

body search

1. body search body searches body searching body searched
If a person is body searched , someone such as a police officer searches them while they remain clothed. Compare strip-search .

- Foreign journalists were body-searched by airport police.

VB also body-search .

2. body search body searches
Also a noun.

- Fans may undergo body searches by security guards.

N-COUNT also body-search .

body stocking

body stocking body stockings
A body stocking is a piece of clothing that covers the whole of someone's body and fits tightly. Body stockings are often worn by dancers.
N-COUNT

bodysuit

n.

紧身衣裤

bodysuit

bodysuit bodysuits
A bodysuit is a piece of women's clothing that fits tightly over the top part of the body and fastens between the legs.
N-COUNT
= body

bodywork

[D.J.:ˈbɔdiwə:k]

[K.K.:ˈbɑdiˌwɚk]

n.

(汽车的)车身

bodywork

bodywork
The bodywork of a motor vehicle is the outside part of it.

- A second hand car dealer will always look at the bodywork rather than the engine.

N-UNCOUNT

Boer

[D.J.:ˈbəuə]

[K.K.:bor, bɔr, bʊr]

n.

布尔人

Boer

Boer Boers
The Boers are the descendants of the Dutch people who went to live in South Africa.
N-COUNT

boffin

[D.J.:ˈbɔfin]

[K.K.:ˈbɑfɪn]

n.

〈英俚〉研究员,科学工作者,技术专家

boffin

1. boffin boffins
A boffin is a scientist, especially one who is doing research. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The boffins of Imperial College in London think they may have found a solution.

N-COUNT
= egg-head

2. boffin boffins
Very clever people are sometimes called boffins . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- A computer boffin is set to make £5million from his revolutionary photo technology.

N-COUNT

boffin

noun Brit. informal

expert

brainbox

egghead

genius

intellectual

inventor

mastermind

bog

[D.J.:bɔɡ]

[K.K.:bɔɡ, bɑɡ]

n.

沼泽, 泥塘

vt. & vi.

(使)陷入泥沼, (使)陷入困境

bog **

1. bog bogs
A bog is an area of land which is very wet and muddy.
N-COUNT

2. bog bogs
The bog is another name for the toilet. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu the N
= toilet

bog

noun

marsh

fen

mire

morass

quagmire

slough

swamp

wetlands

bog down **

bog down bogs down; bogging down; bogged down
If a plan or process bogs down or if something bogs it down , it is delayed and no progress is made.

- We intended from the very beginning to bog the prosecution down over who did this.

- The talks have bogged down over the issue of military reform.

PHR-V-ERG
See also bogged down .

bogged down *

bogged down
If you get bogged down in something, it prevents you from making progress or getting something done.

- But why get bogged down in legal details?.

- Sometimes this fact is obscured because churches get so bogged down by unimportant rules.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ in n

bogey

[D.J.:ˈbəuɡi]

[K.K.:ˈboɡi]

n.

妖怪,可怕的人(物)

bogey *

1. bogey bogeys
A bogey is something or someone that people are worried about, perhaps without much cause or reason.

- The universal bogey is AIDS.

- Age is another bogey for actresses.

N-COUNT: usu with supp The spelling bogy and the plural form bogies are also used.

2. bogey
Also an adjective.

- Did people still tell their kids imbecilic scare stories about bogey policewomen?

ADJ: ADJ n The spelling bogy and the plural form bogies are also used.

3. bogey bogeys
A bogey is a piece of dried mucus that comes from inside your nose. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT The spelling bogy and the plural form bogies are also used.

4. bogey bogeys
In golf, when a player scores a bogey at a hole, he or she takes one more shot than the standard that has been fixed for that hole.
N-COUNT The spelling bogy and the plural form bogies are also used.

bogey

noun

bugbear

bête noire

bugaboo

nightmare

bogeyman

[D.J.:ˈbəuɡimæn]

[K.K.:ˈbʊɡiˌmæn, ˈboɡi-, ˈbuɡi-]

n.

可怕(或可憎)的人或物,妖怪,精灵

bogeyman

1. bogeyman bogeymen
A bogeyman is someone whose ideas or actions are disapproved of by some people, and who is described by them as evil or unpleasant in order to make other people afraid. (mainly BRIT)

- How could he be the left-wing bogeyman that the capitalist media depict him as?

N-COUNT: usu with supp The spellings bogey man , and in American English boogeyman are also used. disapproval
= monster

2. bogeyman bogeymen
A bogeyman is an imaginary evil spirit. Some parents tell their children that the bogeyman will catch them if they behave badly.
N-COUNT: oft the N The spellings bogey man , and in American English boogeyman are also used.

boggle

[D.J.:ˈbɔgəl]

[K.K.:ˈbɑɡəl]

vi.

迟疑;退缩;躲闪；犹豫

发怵,吃惊

搪塞,推诿

vt.

弄坏,搞糟

使发怵,使吃惊

n.

惊奇；吃惊

迟缓；犹豫

boggle *

boggle boggles boggling boggled
If you say that the mind boggles at something, you mean that it is so strange or amazing that it is difficult to imagine or understand.

- The mind boggles at the possibilities that could be in store for us.

- The good grace and humour with which they face the latest privations makes the mind boggle.

- The management group's decision still boggled his mind.

V-ERG
See also mind-boggling .

boggy

[ˈbɔɡi]

adj.

沼泽多的

boggy

boggy
Boggy land is very wet and muddy land.
ADJ-GRADED

bog-standard

adj.

〈俚〉普通的，无新意的

bog-standard

bog-standard
If you describe something as bog-standard you mean that is an ordinary example of its kind, with no exciting or interesting features. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- `The Bodyguard' is a fairly bog-standard thriller.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= common or garden

bogus

[D.J.:ˈbəʊgəs]

[K.K.:ˈboɡəs]

adj.

假的,假冒的,伪造的

bogus *

bogus
If you describe something as bogus , you mean that it is not genuine.

- ...their bogus insurance claim...

- He said these figures were bogus and totally inaccurate.

ADJ-GRADED
= phoney ≠ bona fide

bogus

adjective

fake

artificial

counterfeit

false

forged

fraudulent

imitation

phoney or phony informal

sham

bohemian

[D.J.:bəuˈhi:mjən]

[K.K.:boˈhimiən]

n.

放荡不羁的文化人

adj.

放荡不羁的

bohemian *

1. bohemian
You can use bohemian to describe artistic people who live in an unconventional way.

- ...a bohemian writer.

- ...bohemian caf´e society.

- ...the bohemian lifestyle of the French capital.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. bohemian bohemians
A bohemian is someone who lives in a bohemian way.

- I am a bohemian. I have no roots.

N-COUNT

bohemian

adjective

1.

unconventional

alternative

artistic

arty informal

left bank

nonconformist

offbeat

unorthodox

noun

2.

nonconformist

beatnik

dropout

hippy

iconoclast

Bohemian

[D.J.:bəuˈhi:mjən]

[K.K.:boˈhimiən]

adj.

波希米亚的

n.

吉普赛人

Bohemian

Bohemian
Bohemian means belonging or relating to Bohemia or its people.
ADJ

boil

[D.J.:bɔil]

[K.K.:bɔɪl]

n.

煮沸

vt. & vi.

(使)沸腾; 开

vt.

用开水煮, 在沸水中煮

boiled

[D.J.:bɔɪld]

[K.K.:bɔɪld]

adj.

<俚>喝醉的

煮沸的;煮熟的

boiling

[D.J.:ˈbɔɪlɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbɔɪlɪŋ]

adj.

沸腾的

炎热的, 酷热的

激昂的

n.

煮沸;沸腾;起泡

boil ***

1. boil boils boiling boiled
When a hot liquid boils or when you boil it, bubbles appear in it and it starts to change into steam or vapour.

- I stood in the kitchen, waiting for the water to boil.

- Boil the water in the saucepan and add the sage.

- Cook the carrots in a saucepan of boiling water for 3 minutes.

V-ERG

2. boil boils boiling boiled
When you boil a kettle or pan, or put it on to boil , you heat the water inside it until it boils.

- He had nothing to do but boil the kettle and make the tea.

- Marianne put the kettle on to boil.

V-ERG

3. boil boils boiling boiled
When a kettle or pan is boiling , the water inside it has reached boiling point.

- Is the kettle boiling?

VB: only cont

4. boil boils boiling boiled
When you boil food, or when it boils , it is cooked in boiling water.

- Boil the chick peas, add garlic and lemon juice.

- I'd peel potatoes and put them on to boil.

- ...boiled eggs and toast.

V-ERG

5. boil boils boiling boiled
If you are boiling with anger, you are very angry.

- I used to be all sweetness and light on the outside, but inside I would be boiling with rage.

VB: usu cont

6. boil boils
A boil is a red, painful swelling on your skin, which contains a thick yellow liquid called pus.
N-COUNT
= cyst

7. boil
When you bring a liquid to the boil , you heat it until it boils. When it comes to the boil , it begins to boil.

- Put water, butter and lard into a saucepan and bring slowly to the boil.

PHR: V inflects

boiling **

1. boiling
Something that is boiling or boiling hot is very hot.

- `It's boiling in here,' complained Miriam.

- Often the food may be bubbling and boiling hot on the top, but the inside may still be cold.

ADJ
= baking

2. boiling
If you say that you are boiling or boiling hot , you mean that you feel very hot, usually unpleasantly hot.

- When everybody else is boiling hot, I'm freezing!

ADJ: v-link ADJ
= sweltering

boil

verb

bubble

effervesce

fizz

foam

froth

seethe

boil

noun

pustule

blister

carbuncle

gathering

swelling

tumour

ulcer

boil away ***

boil away boils away; boiling away; boiled away
When you boil away a liquid, or when it boils away , it is boiled until all of it changes into steam or vapour.

- Remove the lid and boil away all the liquid.

- Check every 20 minutes that the water has not boiled away.

PHR-V-ERG

boil down ***

boil down boils down; boiling down; boiled down
When you boil down a liquid or food, or when it boils down , it is boiled until there is less of it because some of the water in it has changed into steam or vapour.

- He boils down red wine and uses what's left.

- This may seem a large quantity of mushrooms, but they do boil down considerably.

PHR-V-ERG
= reduce

boil down to ***

boil down boils down; boiling down; boiled down
If you say that a situation or problem boils down to a particular thing or can be boiled down to a particular thing, you mean that this is the most important or the most basic aspect of it.

- What they want boils down to just one thing. It is land.

- For Malcolm work could always be boiled down to one idea: being good in business.

PHR-V-ERG
= amount to

boil over ***

1. boil over boils over; boiling over; boiled over
When a liquid that is being heated boils over , it rises and flows over the edge of the container.

- Heat the liquid in a large, wide container rather than a high narrow one, or it can boil over.

PHR-V

2. boil over boils over; boiling over; boiled over
When someone's feelings boil over , they lose their temper or become violent.

- Sometimes frustration and anger can boil over into direct and violent action.

PHR-V
= erupt explode

boil up ***

boil up boils up; boiling up; boiled up
If you boil up a liquid, you heat it until it boils.

- I'll put on the kettle for tea. Or boil up some coffee.

PHR-V

boiled sweet

boiled sweet boiled sweets
Boiled sweets are hard sweets that are made from boiled sugar. (BRIT; in AM use hard candy )
N-COUNT

boiler

[D.J.:ˈbɔɪlə]

[K.K.:ˈbɔɪlɚ]

n.

锅炉, 烧水器, 水壶

boiler *

boiler boilers
A boiler is a device which burns gas, oil, electricity, or coal in order to provide hot water, especially for the central heating in a building.
N-COUNT

boiler suit

boiler suit boiler suits
A boiler suit consists of a single piece of clothing that combines trousers and a jacket. You wear it over your clothes in order to protect them from dirt while you are working. (BRIT; in AM use overalls )
N-COUNT
= overalls

boiling point

1. boiling point
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which it starts to change into steam or vapour. For example, the boiling point of water is 100° centigrade.

- The boiling point of water is 373 K.

- Heat the cream to boiling point and pour three quarters of it over the chocolate.

N-UNCOUNT also boiling-point .

2. boiling point
If a situation reaches boiling point , the people involved have become so angry that they can no longer remain calm and in control of themselves.

- The situation is rapidly reaching boiling point, and the army has been put on stand-by.

- Mal's temper was at boiling point.

N-UNCOUNT also boiling-point .

boisterous

[D.J.:ˈbɔɪstərəs, -strəs]

[K.K.:ˈbɔɪstərəs, -strəs]

adj.

热闹的；喧闹的;爱闹的;狂欢的

凶猛的,粗鲁的

<废>粗糙的;巨大的

boisterously

adv.

喧闹地,吵闹地

boisterous *

1. boisterous
Someone who is boisterous is noisy, lively, and full of energy.

- ...a boisterous but good-natured crowd...

- Most of the children were noisy and boisterous.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ docile

2. boisterously

- Her friends laughed boisterously, too.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

boisterous

adjective

unruly

disorderly

loud

noisy

riotous

rollicking

rowdy

unrestrained

vociferous

wild

bold

[D.J.:bəuld]

[K.K.:bold]

adj.

勇敢的, 无畏的

冒失的, 鲁莽的

明显的, 醒目的

粗体的, 黑体的

boldly

adv.

大胆地,显眼地

boldness

n.

大胆,冒失,勇敢

bold **

1. bold bolder boldest
Someone who is bold is not afraid to do things which involve risk or danger.

- Amrita becomes a bold, daring rebel.

- In 1960 this was a bold move.

- Poland was already making bold economic reforms.

ADJ-GRADED
= brave ≠ cautious

2. boldly

- You can and must act boldly and confidently.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. boldness

- Don't forget the boldness of his economic programme.

N-UNCOUNT

4. bold bolder boldest
Someone who is bold is not shy or embarrassed in the company of other people.

- I don't feel I'm being bold, because it's always been natural for me to just speak out about whatever disturbs me.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= brave ≠ timid

5. boldly

- `You should do it,' the girl said, boldly.

ADV-GRADED

6. bold bolder boldest
A bold colour or pattern is very bright and noticeable.

- ...bold flowers in various shades of red, blue or white.

- ...bold, dramatic colours.

ADJ-GRADED

7. boldly

- The design is pretty startling and very boldly coloured.

ADV-GRADED

8. bold bolder boldest
Bold lines or designs are drawn in a clear, strong way.

- Each picture is shown in colour on one page and as a bold outline on the opposite page.

ADJ-GRADED
= vivid

9. bold
Bold print is thicker and looks blacker than ordinary printed letters. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

bold

adjective

1.

fearless

adventurous

audacious

brave

courageous

daring

enterprising

heroic

intrepid

valiant

2.

impudent

barefaced

brazen

cheeky

confident

forward

insolent

rude

shameless

bolero

[D.J.:bəˈlɛərəu]

[K.K.:boˈlɛro, bə-]

n.

波列罗舞

波蕾若外套

bolero

1. bolero boleros
A bolero is a very short jacket, sometimes without sleeves. Boleros are worn mainly by women.
N-COUNT

2. bolero boleros
The bolero is a traditional Spanish dance.

- They danced a romantic bolero together.

N-COUNT

Bolivian

[bəˈliviən]

adj.

玻利维亚的

Bolivian ***

1. Bolivian
Bolivian means belonging or relating to Bolivia or its people.
ADJ

2. Bolivian Bolivians
A Bolivian is a person who comes from Bolivia.
N-COUNT

bollard

[D.J.:ˈbɔlɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈbɑləd]

n.

(行人安全岛的)短柱, 护柱

(船上或码头上的)系船柱

bollard

1. bollard bollards
Bollards are short thick concrete posts that are used to prevent cars from going on to someone's land or on to part of a road. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. bollard bollards
Bollards are strong wooden or metal posts on the side of a river or harbour. Boats are tied to them.
N-COUNT

bollocks

[ˈbɔləks]

n.

胡说

bollocks

1. bollocks
Bollocks is used by some people to express disagreement, dislike, or annoyance. (BRIT, INFORMAL) ( VERY RUDE)
EXCLAM; N-UNCOUNT feelings

2. bollocks
A man's bollocks are his testicles . (BRIT, INFORMAL) ( VERY RUDE)
N-PLURAL

Bolshevik

[D.J.:ˈbɔlʃivik]

[K.K.:ˈbolʃəˌvɪk, ˈbɑl-]

n.

布尔什维克

Bolshevik

1. Bolshevik
Bolshevik is used to describe the political system and ideas that Lenin and his supporters introduced in Russia after the Russian Revolution of 1917.

- Seventy-four years after the Bolshevik Revolution, the Soviet era ended.

- ...anti-Bolshevik forces.

ADJ

2. Bolshevik Bolsheviks
A Bolshevik was a person who supported Lenin and his political ideas.
N-COUNT

Bolshevism

[D.J.:ˈbɔiʃivizəm]

[K.K.:ˈbolʃəˌvɪzəm, ˈbɑl-]

n.

布尔什维克的政策、思想

Bolshevism

Bolshevism
Bolshevism is the political system and ideas that Lenin and his supporters introduced in Russia after the Russian Revolution of 1917.
N-UNCOUNT

bolshy

[ˈbɔlʃi]

adj.

〈俚〉反叛的,顽强的

bolshy

bolshy
If you say that someone is bolshy , you mean that they easily get angry and often do not do what other people want them to do. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I had to get very bolshie before my brother was asked to do some housework as well.

ADJ-GRADED also bolshie . disapproval
= stroppy

bolster

[D.J.:ˈbəʊlstə]

[K.K.:ˈbolstɚ]

vt.

支撑;加固

援助

给予必要的支持, 鼓励

bolster sb/sth up

支持，鼓励(某人)；改善，加强(某事物)

n.

长枕, 垫枕

垫子;衬垫

支持物;承板;承材

bolstering

支撑,支持

bolster **

1. bolster bolsters bolstering bolstered
If you bolster something such as someone's confidence or courage, you increase it.

- Hopes of an early cut in interest rates bolstered confidence.

- ...a number of measures intended to bolster morale.

VB
= boost

2. bolster bolsters bolstering bolstered
If someone tries to bolster their position in a situation, they try to strengthen it.

- Britain is free to adopt policies to bolster its economy.

VB
= boost

3. bolster up bolsters up; bolstering up; bolstered up
Bolster up means the same as bolster .

- ...an aid programme to bolster up their troubled economy.

PHR-V

4. bolster bolsters
A bolster is a firm pillow shaped like a long tube which is sometimes put across a bed under the ordinary pillows.
N-COUNT

bolster

verb

support

augment

boost

help

reinforce

shore up

strengthen

bolt

[D.J.:bəult]

[K.K.:bolt]

n.

螺栓

(门或窗)插销, 闩

vt. & vi.

闩上

vi.

冲出去; 逃跑

bolting

[ˈbəultiŋ]

n.

螺栓连接,拧紧

bolts

[bəults]

n.

毛边书

bolt **

1. bolt bolts
A bolt is a long metal object which screws into a nut and is used to fasten things together.
N-COUNT

2. bolt bolts bolting bolted
When you bolt one thing to another, you fasten them firmly together, using a bolt.

- The safety belt is easy to fit as there's no need to bolt it to seat belt anchorage points.

- Bolt the components together.

- The doors were bolted on.

- ...a wooden bench which was bolted to the floor.

VB

3. bolt bolts
A bolt on a door or window is a metal bar that you can slide across in order to fasten the door or window.

- I heard the sound of a bolt being slowly and reluctantly slid open.

N-COUNT

4. bolt bolts bolting bolted
When you bolt a door or window, you slide the bolt across to fasten it.

- He reminded her that he would have to lock and bolt the kitchen door after her.

- The building is a shell, its masonry rough, the bolted doors opening on dizzy drops.

VB

5. bolt bolts bolting bolted
If a person or animal bolts , they suddenly start to run very fast, often because something has frightened them.

- The pig rose squealing and bolted.

- I made some excuse and bolted for the exit.

VB
= scarper

6. bolt bolts bolting bolted
If you bolt your food, you eat it so quickly that you hardly chew it or taste it.

- Being under stress can cause you to miss meals, eat on the move, or bolt your food.

VB

7. bolt down bolts down; bolting down; bolted down
Bolt down means the same as bolt .

- I like to think back to high school, when I could bolt down three or four burgers and a pile of french fries.

PHR-V

8. bolt bolts
A bolt of lightning is a flash of lightning that is seen as a white line in the sky.

- Suddenly a bolt of lightning crackled through the sky.

N-COUNT: N of n

9. bolt bolts
A bolt of cloth is a long wide piece of it that is wound into a roll round a piece of cardboard.

- ...bolts of black silk.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

10. bolt bolts bolting bolted
When vegetables such as lettuces or onions bolt , they grow too quickly and produce flowers and seeds, and therefore become less good to eat.

- If the soil dries out the plants may bolt.

VB

11. bolt
If someone makes a bolt for somewhere, or makes a bolt for it , they make a sudden escape.

- His father kept a tight grip on his collar in case he should make a bolt for the door.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

12. bolt
If a piece of news comes like a bolt from the blue , it is completely unexpected and very surprising.

- The company decided to appoint a Japanese manager as president of the company. The decision came as a bolt from the blue.

PHR

13. bolt
If someone is sitting or standing bolt upright , they are sitting or standing very straight.

- When I pushed his door open, Trevor was sitting bolt upright in bed.

PHR: usu v PHR

bolt

noun

1.

bar

catch

fastener

latch

lock

sliding bar

2.

pin

peg

rivet

rod

verb

3.

run away

abscond

dash

escape

flee

fly

make a break (for it)

run for it

4.

lock

bar

fasten

latch

secure

5.

gobble

cram

devour

gorge

gulp

guzzle

stuff

swallow whole

wolf

bolt-hole

[D.J.:ˈbəultˌhəul]

[K.K.:ˈboltˌhol]

n.

藏身处, 躲藏处

bolt-hole

bolt-hole bolt-holes
If you say that someone has a bolt-hole to go to, you mean that there is somewhere that they can go when they want to get away from people that they know. (BRIT)

- The hotel is less than an hour from town and is an ideal bolt-hole for Londoners.

N-COUNT also bolthole .
= refuge

bomb

[D.J.:bɔm]

[K.K.:bɑm]

n.

炸弹

vt. & vi.

轰炸, 投弹于

vi.

失败, 不及格

快速前进

bombed

[D.J.:bɔmd]

[K.K.:bɑmd]

adj.

遭到轰炸[轰击]的

bombing

[ˈbɔmiŋ]

n.

轰炸,投弹

bomb ****

1. bomb bombs
A bomb is a device which explodes and damages or destroys a large area.

- Bombs went off at two London train stations.

- It's not known who planted the bomb.

- Most of the bombs fell in the south.

- There were two bomb explosions in the city overnight.

N-COUNT

2. bomb
Nuclear weapons are sometimes referred to as the bomb .

- They are generally thought to have the bomb.

N-SING: the N

3. bomb bombs bombing bombed
When people bomb a place, they attack it with bombs.

- Airforce jets bombed the airport.

VB

4. bombing bombings

- Aerial bombing of rebel positions is continuing.

- There has been a series of car bombings.

N-VAR

bomb

noun

1.

explosive

device

grenade

mine

missile

projectile

rocket

shell

torpedo

verb

2.

blow up

attack

blow sky-high

bombard

destroy

shell

strafe

torpedo

bomb out ****

bomb out bombs out; bombing out; bombed out
If a building or area is bombed out , it is destroyed by bombs. If people are bombed out , their houses are destroyed by bombs.

- London had been bombed out.

- On 27 October they were bombed out.

PHR-V-PASSIVE
See also bombed-out .

bombard

[D.J.:bɔmˈbɑ:d, ˈbɔmˌbɑ:d]

[K.K.:bɑmˈbɑrd, ˈbɑmˌbɑrd]

vt.

炮击, 轰炸, 攻击

连珠炮般地提问

<核>以高能量粒子或放射能冲击

n.

射石炮(古代的臼炮)

bombard *

1. bombard bombards bombarding bombarded
If you bombard someone with something, you make them face a great deal of it. For example, if you bombard them with questions or criticism, you keep asking them a lot of questions or you keep criticizing them.

- He bombarded Catherine with questions to which he should have known the answers.

- The media bombards all of us with images of violence and drugs and sex.

- I've been bombarded by the press and television since Norway.

VB
= assail

2. bombard bombards bombarding bombarded
When soldiers bombard a place, they attack it with continuous heavy gunfire or bombs.

- Rebel artillery units have regularly bombarded the airport.

- The town has been heavily bombarded by the army backed by the airforce.

VB

bombard

verb

1.

bomb

assault

blitz

fire upon

open fire

pound

shell

strafe

2.

attack

assail

beset

besiege

harass

hound

pester

bombardment

[D.J.:bɔmˈbɑ:dmənt]

n.

炮击；轰炸

bombardment *

1. bombardment bombardments
A bombardment is a strong and continuous attack of gunfire or bombing.

- The city has been flattened by heavy artillery bombardments.

- The capital is still under constant bombardment by the rebel forces.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= attack

2. bombardment bombardments
A bombardment of ideas, demands, questions, or criticisms is an aggressive and exhausting stream of them.

- ...the constant bombardment of images urging that work was important.

N-VAR: oft N of n
= onslaught

bombardment

noun

bombing

assault

attack

barrage

blitz

fusillade

shelling

bombast

[D.J.:ˈbɔmˌbæst]

[K.K.:ˈbɑmˌbæst]

n.

浮夸的言语,大话

bombast

bombast
Bombast is trying to impress people by saying things that sound impressive but have little meaning.

- There were men aboard who could not tolerate his bombast.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= pomposity

bombastic

[D.J.:ˈbɔmbæstɪk]

adj.

夸夸其谈的,空洞的

bombastic

bombastic
If you describe someone as bombastic , you are criticizing them for trying to impress other people by saying things that sound impressive but have little meaning.

- He was vain and bombastic.

- ...the bombastic style adopted by his predecessor.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= pompous

bombastic

adjective

grandiloquent

grandiose

high-flown

inflated

pompous

verbose

wordy

bomb disposal

bomb disposal
Bomb disposal is the job of dealing with bombs which have not exploded, by taking out the fuse or by blowing them up in a controlled explosion.

- A few hours later bomb disposal experts defused the devices.

- ...an Army bomb disposal squad.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

bombed-out

[ˈbɔmdaut]

adj.

遭受轰炸而无家可归的

bombed-out

bombed-out
A bombed-out building has been damaged or destroyed by a bomb.

- ...patients who'd been trapped in a bombed-out hospital.

ADJ: ADJ n

bomber

[D.J.:ˈbɔmə]

[K.K.:ˈbɑmɚ]

n.

轰炸机

投弹手

安非他明胶囊

大麻叶香烟

bomber **

1. bomber bombers
A bomber is a military aircraft which drops bombs.

- ...a high speed bomber with twin engines.

N-COUNT

2. bomber bombers
Bombers are people who cause bombs to explode in public places.

- Detectives hunting the London bombers will be keen to interview him.

N-COUNT

bomber jacket

bomber jacket bomber jackets
A bomber jacket is a short jacket which is gathered into a band at the waist or hips.

- ...a black leather bomber jacket.

N-COUNT

bombshell

[D.J.:ˈbɔmˌʃel]

[K.K.:ˈbɑmˌʃɛl]

n.

炸弹

爆炸性事件,令人吃惊的事

性感美女

bombshell *

bombshell bombshells
If someone drops a bombshell , they give you a sudden piece of bad or unexpected news.

- His resignation after thirteen years is a political bombshell.

- The police told me. It was a bombshell. I had no idea.

- He dropped the bombshell. He told me he was dying.

PHR: V and N inflect

bomb site

bomb site bomb sites
A bomb site is an empty area where a bomb has destroyed all the buildings.

- In London, where I grew up, we were surrounded by bomb sites.

N-COUNT also bombsite .

bona fide *

bona fide
If something or someone is bona fide , they are genuine or real. (FORMAL)

- We are happy to donate to bona fide charitable causes.

- We simply cannot believe that a bona fide seller would conduct business on this basis.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= genuine ≠ bogus

bona fide

adjective

genuine

actual

authentic

honest

kosher informal

legitimate

real

true

bona fides

bona fides
Someone's bona fides are their good or sincere intentions. (FORMAL or LEGAL)

- Do not hand over money without first establishing the bona fides of the persons you are dealing with.

N-PLURAL: usu with poss

bonanza

[D.J.:bəˈnænzə]

[K.K.:bəˈnænzə]

n.

(突然的)财源；意想不到的幸运

富矿脉；大矿囊

极大的数量

bonanza *

bonanza bonanzas
You can refer to a sudden great increase in wealth, success, or luck as a bonanza .

- The expected sales bonanza hadn't materialised.

N-COUNT
= windfall

bonce

bonce bonces
Your bonce is your head. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: oft poss N
= head

bond

[D.J.:bɔnd]

[K.K.:bɑnd]

n.

联系, 关系

连接, 接合, 结合

有息债券

合同, 契约, 票据

vt.

使粘结, 使结合

bonded

[D.J.:ˈbɔndid]

adj.

(货物)存放关栈待完税的

(材料)黏合的, 接合的

(债务)以债券作保证的, 抵押的

(旅游公司等)通过保险单(游客)受保护的

bonding

[D.J.:ˈbɔndiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbɑndɪŋ]

n.

黏结；连[搭,焊,胶,粘]接,结[耦,焊,接]合,压焊

bonds

n.

镣铐,监禁

bond ****

1. bond bonds
A bond between people is a strong feeling of friendship, love, or shared beliefs and experiences that unites them.

- The experience created a very special bond between us.

- ...the bond that linked them.

N-COUNT: oft N between pl-n

2. bond bonds bonding bonded
When people bond with each other, they form a relationship based on love or shared beliefs and experiences. You can also say that people bond or that something bonds them.

- Belinda was having difficulty bonding with the baby.

- They all bonded while writing graffiti together.

- What had bonded them instantly and so completely was their similar background.

- The players are bonded by a spirit that is rarely seen in an English team.

V-RECIP-ERG
= connect

3. bonding

- They expect bonding to occur naturally.

N-UNCOUNT

4. bond bonds
A bond between people or groups is a close connection that they have with each other, for example because they have a special agreement.

- ...the strong bond between church and nation...

- There are tangible signs that the republic's successfully breaking its bonds with Moscow.

N-COUNT: with supp
= union

5. bond bonds
Bonds are feelings, duties, or customs that force you to behave in a particular way. (LITERARY)

- Freed from the bonds of convention and the fear of what others may think, the mind responds with new solutions.

- We must, somehow, find a way to loosen the bonds of tradition.

N-PLURAL: oft N of n
= ties

6. bond bonds
A bond between two things is the way in which they stick to one another or are joined in some way.

- If you experience difficulty with the superglue not creating a bond with dry wood, moisten the surfaces with water.

- The molecule contains four carbon atoms arranged in a ring with a triple bond between two of them.

N-COUNT

7. bond bonds bonding bonded
When one thing bonds with another, it sticks to it or becomes joined to it in some way. You can also say that two things bond together, or that something bonds them together.

- Diamond may be strong in itself, but it does not bond well with other materials.

- In graphite sheets, carbon atoms bond together in rings.

- Strips of wood are bonded together and moulded by machine.

V-RECIP-ERG
= adhere

8. bond bonds
When a government or company issues a bond , it borrows money from investors. The certificate which is issued to investors who lend money is also called a bond .

- Most of it will be financed by government bonds.

- ...the recent sharp decline in bond prices.

N-COUNT
See also junk bond , premium bond .

bonded

bonded
A bonded company has entered into a legal agreement which offers its customers some protection if the company does not fulfil its contract with them.

- The company is a fully bonded member of the Association of British Travel Agents.

- The company was not bonded in any way and as such there is no compensation scheme.

ADJ

bond

noun

1.

fastening

chain

cord

fetter

ligature

manacle

shackle

tie

2.

tie

affiliation

affinity

attachment

connection

link

relation

union

3.

agreement

contract

covenant

guarantee

obligation

pledge

promise

word

verb

4.

hold together

bind

connect

fasten

fix together

glue

paste

bondage

[D.J.:ˈbɔndidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈbɑndɪdʒ]

n.

奴役, 束缚

身体受束缚

bondage *

1. bondage
Bondage is the condition of being someone's property and having to work for them. (LITERARY)

- Masters often hired out their slaves and sometimes allowed them to share in earnings and to buy their way out of bondage.

N-UNCOUNT
= enslavement

2. bondage
Bondage is the condition of not being free because you are strongly influenced by something or someone. (FORMAL)

- All people, she said, lived their lives in bondage to hunger, pain and lust.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n

3. bondage
Bondage is the practice of being tied up or tying your partner up in order to gain sexual pleasure.
N-UNCOUNT

bondage

noun

slavery

captivity

confinement

enslavement

imprisonment

subjugation

bondholder

[D.J.:ˈbɔndˌhəuldə]

[K.K.:ˈbɑndˌholdɚ]

n.

债券持有人,公司债所有者,公债证书所有者

bondholder *

bondholder bondholders
A bondholder is a person who owns one or more investment bonds.
N-COUNT also bond holder .

bone

[D.J.:bəun]

[K.K.:bon]

n.

骨头

骨质物

尸骨

boned

[bəund]

adj.

骨骼的,去骨的

bones

n.

骨骼,尸体

boning

[ˈbəuniŋ]

n.

剔骨

bone ***

1. bone bones
Your bones are the hard parts inside your body which together form your skeleton.

- Many passengers suffered broken bones.

- Stephen fractured a thigh bone.

- The body is made up primarily of bone, muscle, and fat.

- She scooped the chicken bones back into the stewpot.

N-VAR

2. bone bones boning boned
If you bone a piece of meat or fish, you remove the bones from it before cooking it.

- Make sure that you do not pierce the skin when boning the chicken thighs.

- The boned fish is so easy to serve.

VB

3. bone
A bone tool or ornament is made of bone.

- ...a small, expensive pocketknife with a bone handle.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. bone
The bare bones of something are its most basic parts or details.

- There are not even the bare bones of a garden here -- I've got nothing.

PHR

5. bone
If something is too close to the bone , it makes you feel uncomfortable because it is very close to the truth or to the real nature of something.
PHR: usu v-link PHR

6. bone
If you say that you feel or know something in your bones , you are indicating that you are certain about it, although you cannot explain why.

- I've got a feeling in my bones that things are not quite right.

PHR: PHR after v

7. bone
If you make no bones about something, you talk openly about it, rather than trying to keep it a secret.

- Some of them make no bones about their political views.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR about n

8. bone
If you make no bones about doing something that is unpleasant or difficult or that might upset someone else, you do it without hesitating.

- Stafford-Clark made no bones about reapplying for the job when Daldry was standing for it.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR about -ing

9. bone
You can say someone is just skin and bone when you do not approve of the fact that they are very thin.

- He was nothing but skin and bones.

PHR: bone inflects, v-link PHR disapproval

10. bone
If something such as costs are cut to the bone , they are reduced to the minimum possible.

- It has survived by cutting its costs to the bone.

- Profit margins have been slashed to the bone in an attempt to keep turnover moving.

PHR: PHR after v

11. bone
You use to the bone to indicate that you are very deeply affected by something. For example, if you feel chilled to the bone , your whole body feels extremely cold, often because you have had a shock.

- What I saw chilled me to the bone.

PHR: PHR after v

bone up on ***

bone up bones up; boning up; boned up
If you bone up on a subject, you try to find out about it or remind yourself of what you have already learned about it. (INFORMAL)

- I had spent the last few months boning up on neurology.

PHR-V

bone china

bone china
Bone china is a kind of thin china that contains powdered bone.
N-UNCOUNT

-boned

-boned
-boned combines with adjectives such as `big' and `fine' to form adjectives which describe a person as having a particular type of bone structure or build.

- He was about seven years old, small and fine-boned like his mother.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

bone dry

bone dry
If you say that something is bone dry , you are emphasizing that it is very dry indeed.

- The lake in the centre of the city is bone dry and cows wander around in it.

ADJ also bone-dry . emphasis

bone marrow *

bone marrow
Bone marrow is the soft fatty substance inside human or animal bones.

- There are 2,000 children worldwide who need a bone marrow transplant.

N-UNCOUNT
= marrow

bone meal

bone meal
Bone meal is a substance made from animal bones which is used as a fertilizer.
N-UNCOUNT also bonemeal .

bone of contention

bone of contention bones of contention
If a particular matter or issue is a bone of contention , it is the subject of a disagreement or argument.

- The main bone of contention is the temperature level of the air-conditioners.

N-COUNT

bonfire

[D.J.:ˈbɔnˌfaiə]

[K.K.:ˈbɑnˌfaɪr]

n.

营火, 篝火

bonfire *

bonfire bonfires
A bonfire is a fire that is made outdoors, usually to burn rubbish. Bonfires are also sometimes lit as part of a celebration.

- With bonfires outlawed in urban areas, gardeners must cart their refuse to a dump.

- They celebrated the event by holding parades, lighting bonfires and setting off fireworks.

N-COUNT

Bonfire Night

Bonfire Night
Bonfire Night is the popular name for Guy Fawkes Night .
N-UNCOUNT also bonfire night .
= Guy Fawkes Night

bong

[D.J.:bɔŋ]

[K.K.:bɑŋ, bɔŋ]

n.

(锣、大钟)发出的响声

v.

发出当当声

bong

bong
A bong is a long, deep sound such as the sound made by a big bell.
N-COUNT; SOUND

bongo

[D.J.:ˈbɔŋɡəu]

[K.K.:ˈbɑŋɡo, ˈbɔŋ-]

n.

小手鼓

bongo

bongo bongos
A bongo is a small drum that you play with your hands.
N-COUNT

bonhomie

[D.J.:ˌbɔnɔˈmi:]

[K.K.:ˌbɑnəˈmi]

n.

温和, 友好

bonhomie

bonhomie
Bonhomie is happy, good-natured friendliness. (FORMAL)

- But his soft-spoken bonhomie cannot disguise an artist of the utmost integrity.

N-UNCOUNT

bonk

[D.J.:bɔŋk]

[K.K.:bɑŋk]

vt.

发出巨响；(与with连用)性交

bonk

bonk bonks bonking bonked
If two people bonk , they have sexual intercourse. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
V-RECIP

bonkers

[D.J.:ˈbɔŋkəz]

[K.K.:ˈbɑŋkəz]

adj.

疯狂的,精神不正常的

bonkers

bonkers
If you say that someone is bonkers , you mean that they are silly or act in a crazy way. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The man must be bonkers to take such a risk.

- If the situation was reversed I would go bonkers with frustration.

ADJ: v-link ADJ disapproval
= barmy crazy

bon mot

bon mot bons mots or bon mots
A bon mot is a clever, witty remark. (WRITTEN)

- He was a genius for dissolving a tense situation with a bon mot.

N-COUNT
= witticism

bonnet

[D.J.:ˈbɔnɪt]

[K.K.:ˈbɑnɪt]

n.

童帽, 女帽

(苏格兰男子或男孩戴的)无边呢帽

<口>(女子或女孩戴的)任何一种帽子

(烟囱等的)覆盖物;盖子;罩子

(汽车)引擎罩

<船>副底帆,辅助帆

have (got) a bee in your bonnet

痴迷于某事；念念不忘某事；想得入了迷

vt.

给...戴上帽子;给...装上罩

bonnet *

1. bonnet bonnets
The bonnet of a car is the metal cover over the engine at the front. (BRIT; in AM use hood )

- When I eventually stopped and lifted the bonnet, the noise seemed to be coming from the alternator.

N-COUNT

2. bonnet bonnets
A bonnet is a hat with ribbons that are tied under the chin. Bonnets are now worn by babies. In the past, they were also worn by women.
N-COUNT

bonny

[D.J.:ˈbɔni:]

[K.K.:ˈbɑni]

adj.

1.<尤苏格兰和英格兰北部>健康的,漂亮的,吸引人的

活泼的；愉快的

(尤指婴儿)胖乎乎的

bonny

bonny bonnier bonniest
Someone or something that is bonny is attractive and nice to look at. (mainly SCOTTISH or NORTHERN ENGLISH)

- Jemima was a bonny Highland lassie of 15.

ADJ-GRADED
= lovely

bonsai

[D.J.:bəunˈsai]

[K.K.:bɑnˈsaɪ, ˈbɑnˌsaɪ, -ˌzaɪ]

n.

〈日〉盆景

bonsai

1. bonsai
A bonsai is a tree or shrub that has been kept very small by growing it in a little pot and cutting it in a special way.

- ...a beautiful Japanese bonsai tree.

N-COUNT: oft N n bonsai is both the singular and the plural form

2. bonsai
Bonsai is the art of growing very small shrubs and trees.
N-UNCOUNT bonsai is both the singular and the plural form

bonus

[D.J.:ˈbəunəs]

[K.K.:ˈbonəs]

n.

奖金, 红利

额外令人高兴的事情

bonuses

红利

bonus **

1. bonus bonuses
A bonus is an extra amount of money that is added to someone's pay, usually because they have worked very hard.

- Workers in big firms receive a substantial part of their pay in the form of bonuses and overtime.

- ...a £15 bonus.

- ...a special bonus payment.

N-COUNT
= gratuity

2. bonus bonuses
A bonus is something good that you get in addition to something else, and which you would not usually expect.

- We felt we might finish third. Any better would be a bonus.

- It's made from natural ingredients, but with the added bonus of containing 30 per cent less fat than ordinary cheese.

N-COUNT
= plus

bonus

noun

extra

dividend

gift

icing on the cake

plus

premium

prize

reward

bon voyage

bon voyage
You say ` bon voyage ' to someone who is going on a journey, as a way of saying goodbye and wishing them good luck.

- Goodbye! Bon voyage!

CONVENTION formulae

bony

[D.J.:ˈbəʊni:]

[K.K.:ˈboni]

adj.

骨的;似骨的

多骨的

骨瘦如柴的, 瘦的

骨头突出的;骨骼大的

bony *

1. bony
Someone who has a bony face or bony hands, for example, has a very thin face or very thin hands, with very little flesh covering their bones.

- ...an old man with a bony face and white hair...

- He poked a long bony finger in Billy's chest.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. bony
The bony parts of a person's or animal's body are the parts made of bone.

- ...the bony ridge of the eye socket.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. bony
If you describe fish that you are eating as bony , you mean that it has a lot of bones.

- ...a delicious but extremely bony fish.

ADJ-GRADED

bony

adjective

thin

emaciated

gaunt

lean

scrawny

skin and bone

skinny

boo

[D.J.:bu:]

[K.K.:bu]

n.

嘘声

用以吓人的声音

vt. & vi.

发出嘘声

boo *

1. boo boos booing booed
If you boo a speaker or performer, you shout `boo' or make other loud sounds to indicate that you do not like them, their opinions, or their performance.

- People were booing and throwing things at them.

- Demonstrators booed and jeered him.

- He was booed off the stage.

VB

2. boo boos
Also a noun.

- She was greeted with boos and hisses.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. booing

- The fans are entitled to their opinion but booing doesn't help anyone.

N-UNCOUNT

4. boo
You say ` Boo! ' loudly and suddenly when you want to surprise someone who does not know that you are there.
EXCLAM

boob

[D.J.:bu:b]

[K.K.:bub]

n.

笨蛋,蠢材

boob

1. boob boobs
A woman's boobs are her breasts. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-COUNT: usu pl
= breasts

2. boob boobs boobing boobed
If you boob , you make a mistake. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Is their timing right, or have they boobed again?

VB

3. boob boobs
Also a noun.

- The government once again has made a big boob.

N-COUNT
= mistake

boob tube

1. boob tube
The boob tube is the television. (INFORMAL) (mainly AM; in BRIT use idiot box )

- ...hours spent in front of the boob tube.

N-SING: the N

2. boob tube boob tubes
A boob tube is a piece of women's clothing made of stretchy material that covers only her chest. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use tube top )
N-COUNT

booby prize

booby prize booby prizes
The booby prize is a prize given as a joke to the person who comes last in a competition.
N-COUNT

booby-trap

在微开的门上放一东西以惊打(来人)

booby-trap

1. booby-trap booby-traps
A booby-trap is something such as a bomb which is hidden or disguised and which causes death or injury when it is touched.

- Police were checking the area for booby traps.

N-COUNT: oft N n also booby trap .

2. booby-trap booby-traps booby-trapping booby-trapped
If something is booby-trapped , a booby-trap is placed in it or on it.

- ...fears that the area may have been booby trapped...

- His booby-trapped car exploded.

VB: usu passive also booby trap .

boogie

[D.J.:ˈbu:ɡi]

[K.K.:ˈbʊɡi, ˈbuɡi]

n.

摇滚乐

boogie *

boogie boogies boogying or boogieing boogied
When you boogie , you dance to fast pop music. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- At night, a good place to boogie through till sunrise is the Pink Panther Bar.

VB

book

[D.J.:buk]

[K.K.:bʊk]

n.

书, 书籍

账簿

卷, 篇, 部

歌剧的歌词

vt. & vi.

预订

vt.

登记, 记账

订立演出契约

booked

登记的

booking

[D.J.:ˈbʊkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbʊkɪŋ]

n.

预约, 预订

book *****

1. book books
A book is a number of pieces of paper, usually with words printed on them, which are fastened together and fixed inside a cover of stronger paper or cardboard. Books contain information, stories, or poetry, for example.

- His eighth book came out earlier this year and was an instant best-seller.

- `Robinson Crusoe' is one of the most famous books in the world.

- ...the author of a book on politics.

- ...a book about witches.

- ...a new book by Rosella Brown.

- ...reference books.

N-COUNT

2. book books
A book of something such as stamps, matches, or tickets is a small number of them fastened together between thin cardboard covers.

- Can I have a book of first class stamps please?

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. book books booking booked
When you book something such as a hotel room or a ticket, you arrange to have it or use it at a particular time.

- British officials have booked hotel rooms for the women and children.

- Laurie revealed she had booked herself a flight home last night.

- ...three-star restaurants that are normally booked for months in advance.

VB
= reserve

4. book books
A company's or organization's books are its records of money that has been spent and earned or of the names of people who belong to it.

- For the most part he left the books to his managers and accountants.

- Around 12 per cent of the people on our books are in the computing industry.

N-PLURAL
= accounts

5. book books booking booked
When a referee books a soccer player who has seriously broken the rules of the game, he or she officially writes down the player's name.

- League referee Keith Cooper booked him in the first half for a tussle with the goalie.

VB

6. book books booking booked
When a police officer books someone, he or she officially records their name and the offence that they may be charged with.

- They took him to the station and booked him for assault with a deadly weapon.

VB
= charge

7. book books
In a very long written work such as the Bible, a book is one of the sections into which it is divided.
N-COUNT

8. book
If you are in someone's bad books , they are annoyed with you. If you are in their good books , they are pleased with you.

- Sir John was definitely in the Treasury's bad books for incorrect thinking on economic prospects.

- Right from my very first day I seemed to be in everyone's good books.

PHR: v-link PHR

9. book
If you bring someone to book , you punish them for an offence or make them explain their behaviour officially.

- Police should be asked to investigate so that the guilty can be brought to book soon.

PHR: V inflects

10. book
If you say that someone or something is a closed book , you mean that you do not know anything about them.

- Frank Spriggs was a very able man but something of a closed book.

- Economics was a closed book to him.

PHR: v-link PHR

11. book
If a hotel, restaurant, theatre, or transport service is fully booked , or booked solid , it is booked up .

- The car ferries from the mainland are often fully booked by February.

PHR: v-link PHR

12. book
In my book means `in my opinion' or `according to my beliefs'.

- The greatest manager there has ever been, or ever will be in my book, is retiring.

PHR: PHR with cl
= to my mind

13. book
If someone in authority throws the book at someone who has committed an offence, they give the offender the greatest punishment that they are allowed to.
PHR: V inflects

booking **

booking bookings
A booking is the arrangement that you make when you book something such as a hotel room, a table at a restaurant, a theatre seat, or a place on public transport.

- I suggest you tell him there was a mistake over his late booking.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= reservation

book

noun

1.

work

publication

title

tome

tract

volume

2.

notebook

album

diary

exercise book

jotter

pad

verb

3.

reserve

arrange for

charter

engage

make reservations

organize

programme

schedule

4.

note

enter

list

log

mark down

put down

record

register

write down

book in, book into *****

book in books in; booking in; booked in
When you book into a hotel or when you book in , you officially state that you have arrived to stay there, usually by signing your name in a register. (BRIT; in AM use check into or check in )

- He was happy to book into the Royal Pavilion Hotel.

- Today Mahoney booked himself into one of the best hotels in Sydney.

- The three men stayed at two hotels in Nottingham, booking in at one the day before the crime.

PHR-V

bookable

[D.J.:ˈbʊkəbl]

adj.

可预订的

<足球>(犯规严重到裁判)要记录的,要吃牌的

bookable

1. bookable
If something such as a theatre seat or plane ticket is bookable , it can be booked in advance. (mainly BRIT)

- Tours leave from Palma and are bookable at some hotels or any travel agency.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

2. bookable
In sports such as soccer, a bookable offence is an action for which a player can be officially warned by the referee.

- Both men were dismissed for a second bookable offence.

ADJ

bookbinder

[ˈbukbaində]

n.

装订商

bookbinder

bookbinder bookbinders
A bookbinder is a person whose job is fastening books together and putting covers on them.
N-COUNT also book-binder .

bookbinding

[D.J.:ˈbukˌbaindiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbʊkˌbaɪndɪŋ]

n.

装订

bookbinding

bookbinding
Bookbinding is the work of fastening books together and putting covers on them.
N-UNCOUNT also book-binding .

bookcase

[D.J.:ˈbʊkˌkeɪs]

[K.K.:ˈbʊkˌkes]

n.

书橱, 书架

bookcase *

bookcase bookcases
A bookcase is a piece of furniture with shelves that you keep books on.
N-COUNT

book club

book club book clubs
A book club is an organization that offers books at reduced prices to its members.
N-COUNT

booked up

1. booked up
If a hotel, restaurant, theatre, or transport service is booked up , it has no rooms, tables, or tickets left for a time or date. (mainly BRIT)

- St Just seemed pretty booked up, but we managed to find a room at the George.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= full

2. booked up
If someone is booked up , they have made so many arrangements that they have no more time to do things. (mainly BRIT)

- Mr Wilson's diary is booked up for months ahead.

- I'm fully booked up, I couldn't possibly do it now.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

bookend

[D.J.:ˈbʊkˌend]

[K.K.:ˈbʊkˌɛnd]

n.

书挡,压书具

bookend

bookend bookends
Bookends are a pair of supports used to hold a row of books in an upright position by placing one at each end of the row.
N-COUNT: usu pl also book-end .

bookie

[D.J.:ˈbuki]

[K.K.:ˈbʊki]

n.

〈俚〉赛马的赌注者

bookie *

bookie bookies
A bookie is the same as a bookmaker . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

booking clerk

booking clerk booking clerks
A booking clerk is a person who sells tickets, especially in a railway station. (BRIT)

- Mark Reeves is a booking clerk with British Rail.

N-COUNT

booking office

booking office booking offices
A booking office is a room where tickets are sold and booked, especially in a theatre or station. (BRIT; in AM use ticket office )
N-COUNT
= ticket office

bookish

[D.J.:ˈbukiʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbʊkɪʃ]

adj.

书本上的,好学的

bookish

bookish
Someone who is bookish spends a lot of time reading serious book.
ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= studious

bookkeeper

[D.J.:ˈbʊkˌki:pə]

n.

(商人的)记账人;(政府机关等的)簿记员，会计

bookkeeper

bookkeeper bookkeepers
A bookkeeper is a person whose job is to keep an accurate record of the money that is spent and received by a business or other organization.
N-COUNT also book-keeper .

bookkeeping

[D.J.:ˈbʊkˌki:pɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbʊkˌkipɪŋ]

n.

记账,簿记,管账

bookkeepinger

n.

bookkeeping

bookkeeping
Bookkeeping is the job or activity of keeping an accurate record of the money that is spent and received by a business or other organization.
N-UNCOUNT also book-keeping .

booklet

[D.J.:ˈbuklit]

[K.K.:ˈbʊklɪt]

n.

小册子

booklet **

booklet booklets
A booklet is a small book that has a paper cover and that gives you information about something.
N-COUNT
= pamphlet

booklet

noun

brochure

leaflet

pamphlet

bookmaker

[D.J.:ˈbukˌmeikə]

[K.K.:ˈbʊkˌmekɚ]

n.

图书编纂者; 书商

bookmaker *

bookmaker bookmakers
A bookmaker is a person whose job is to take your money when you bet and to pay you money if you win.
N-COUNT

bookmaking

[ˈbukˌmeikiŋ]

n.

著作,编辑

bookmaking

bookmaking
Bookmaking is the activity of taking people's money when they bet and paying them money if they win.

- ...William Hill, a bookmaking firm.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

bookmark

[D.J.:ˈbʊkˌmɑ:k]

[K.K.:ˈbʊkˌmɑrk]

n.

书签

bookmark

1. bookmark bookmarks
A bookmark is a narrow piece of card or leather that you put between the pages of a book so that you can find a particular page easily.
N-COUNT

2. bookmark bookmarks
In computing, a bookmark is the address of an Internet site that you put into a list on your computer so that you can return to it easily. (COMPUTING)

- This makes it extremely simple to save what you find with an electronic bookmark so you can return to it later.

N-COUNT

book plate

book plate book plates
A book plate is a piece of decorated paper which is stuck in the front of a book and on which the owner's name is printed or written.
N-COUNT also book-plate .

bookseller

[D.J.:ˈbukselə]

[K.K.:ˈbʊkˌsɛlɚ]

n.

书商

bookseller *

bookseller booksellers
A bookseller is a person who sells books.
N-COUNT

bookshelf

[D.J.:ˈbukʃelf]

[K.K.:ˈbʊkˌʃɛlf]

n.

书架

bookshelves

n.

书架

bookshelf *

bookshelf bookshelves
A bookshelf is a shelf on which you keep books.
N-COUNT

bookshop

[D.J.:ˈbukʃɔp]

[K.K.:ˈbʊkˌʃɑp]

n.

书店

bookshop *

bookshop bookshops
A bookshop is a shop where books are sold. (BRIT; in AM use bookstore )
N-COUNT

bookstall

[D.J.:ˈbʊkˌstɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈbʊkˌstɔl]

n.

<英>(火车站等处的)书报摊,书亭

(临时的) 书摊

bookstall

1. bookstall bookstalls
A bookstall is a long table from which books and magazines are sold, for example at a conference or in a street market.
N-COUNT

2. bookstall bookstalls
A bookstall is a small shop with an open front where books and magazines are sold. Bookstalls are usually found in railway stations and airports. (BRIT; in AM usually use newsstand )
N-COUNT
= kiosk

bookstore

[D.J.:ˈbʊkˌstɔ:, -ˌstəʊr]

[K.K.:ˈbʊkˌstɔr, -ˌstor]

n.

书店

bookstore *

bookstore bookstores
A bookstore is a shop where books are sold. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use bookshop )
N-COUNT

book value

book value book values
In business, the book value of an asset is the value it is given in the account books of the company that owns it.

- The insured value of the airplane was greater than its book value, so the airline made a profit of $1.7 million.

N-COUNT

bookworm

[D.J.:ˈbukwə:m]

[K.K.:ˈbʊkˌwɚm]

n.

书呆子,蛀书虫

bookworm

bookworm bookworms
If you describe someone as a bookworm , you mean they are very fond of reading. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

boom

[D.J.:bu:m]

[K.K.:bum]

vi.

激增, 猛涨, 兴隆

发出隆隆声

n.

(营业等的)激增, (经济等的)繁荣, 迅速发展

隆隆声

booming

[ˈbu:miŋ]

adj.

急速发展的

boom ***

1. boom booms
If there is a boom in the economy, there is an increase in economic activity, for example in the amount of things that are being bought and sold.

- An economic boom followed, especially in housing and construction.

- The 1980s were indeed boom years.

- ...the cycle of boom and bust which has damaged us for 40 years.

N-COUNT: usu sing
≠ slump

2. boom booms
A boom in something is an increase in its amount, frequency, or success.

- The boom in the sport's popularity has meant more calls for stricter safety regulations.

- Public transport has not been able to cope adequately with the travel boom.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp, oft N in n
≠ slump

3. boom booms booming boomed
If the economy or a business is booming , the amount of things being bought or sold is increasing.

- By 1988 the economy was booming.

- Sales are booming.

- It has a booming tourist industry.

VB

4. boom booms
On a boat, the boom is the long pole which is attached to the bottom of the sail and to the mast and which you move when you want to alter the direction in which you are sailing.
N-COUNT: usu sing, the N

5. boom booms
A boom is a large floating barrier that is used for stopping oil that has spilled from spreading.
N-COUNT

6. boom booms booming boomed
When something such as someone's voice, a cannon, or a big drum booms , it makes a loud, deep sound that lasts for several seconds.

- `Ladies,' boomed Helena, without a microphone, `we all know why we're here tonight.'.

- Thunder boomed like battlefield cannons over Crooked Mountain.

VB

7. boom out booms out; booming out; boomed out
Boom out means the same as boom .

- Music boomed out from loudspeakers.

- A megaphone boomed out, `This is the police.'.

- He turned his sightless eyes their way and boomed out a greeting.

PHR-V-ERG

8. boom
Also a noun.

- The stillness of night was broken by the boom of a cannon.

N-COUNT; SOUND

boom

verb

1.

bang

blast

crash

explode

resound

reverberate

roar

roll

rumble

thunder

2.

flourish

develop

expand

grow

increase

intensify

prosper

strengthen

swell

thrive

noun

3.

bang

blast

burst

clap

crash

explosion

roar

rumble

thunder

4.

expansion

boost

development

growth

improvement

increase

jump

upsurge

upswing

upturn

boom box

boom box boom boxes
A boom box is a large portable machine for playing music, especially one that is played loudly in public by young people. (INFORMAL) (mainly AM; in BRIT use ghetto-blaster )
N-COUNT

boomerang

[D.J.:ˈbu:məˌræŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbuməˌræŋ]

n.

(澳大利亚)回飞镖

自作自受

伤及原提案者的言论及提议

vi.

(计划)产生事与愿违的结果

自食其杲

boomerang

1. boomerang boomerangs
A boomerang is a curved piece of wood which comes back to you if you throw it in the correct way. Boomerangs were first used by the people who were living in Australia when Europeans arrived there.
N-COUNT

2. boomerang boomerangs boomeranging boomeranged
If a plan boomerangs , its result is not the one that was intended and is harmful to the person who made the plan.

- The trick boomeranged, though.

- He risks defeat in the referendum which he called, but which threatens to boomerang against him.

VB
= backfire

boom town

boom town boom towns.
A boom town is a town which has rapidly become very rich and full of people, usually because industry or business has developed there.

- In the eyes of many, Hamburg has become the boom town of Europe.

N-COUNT
≠ ghost town

boon

[D.J.:bu:n]

[K.K.:bun]

n.

恩惠, 福利, 裨益, 方便

adj.

亲密的；特殊的；爱交际的

快活的,欢乐的,令人愉悦的

慷慨的

boon *

boon boons
You can describe something as a boon when it makes life better or easier for someone.

- It is for this reason that television proves such a boon to so many people.

- This battery booster is a boon for photographers.

N-COUNT: usu a N to/for n
= plus ≠ bind

boon

noun

benefit

advantage

blessing

favour

gift

godsend

manna from heaven

windfall

boondoggle

[D.J.:ˈbu:nˌdɔɡl]

[K.K.:ˈbunˌdɔɡəl, -ˌdɑɡəl]

vi.

〈美俚〉做细小而无用的事

n.

〈美俚〉细小而无用的事,手工品

boondoggle

boondoggle boondoggles
People sometimes refer to an official organization or activity as a boondoggle when they think it wastes a lot of time and money and does not achieve much. (AM, INFORMAL)

- The planned development of new energy sources turned out to be a multi-billion dollar boondoggle.

N-COUNT disapproval

boor

[D.J.:bʊə]

[K.K.:bʊr]

n.

农民；乡下佬

没礼貌的人,粗野的人

boorish

adj.

boorish

[D.J.:ˈbʊərɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbʊrɪʃ]

adj.

粗野的,粗鲁的;笨拙的

乡巴佬的,土里土气的

boor

boor boors
If you refer to someone as a boor , you think their behaviour and attitudes are rough, uneducated, and rude.
N-COUNT disapproval
= oaf

boorish

boorish
Boorish behaviour is rough, uneducated, and rude.

- What I did was not just stupid or boorish -- my actions were just plain wrong.

ADJ-GRADED
= oafish ≠ genteel

boorish

adjective

loutish

churlish

coarse

crude

oafish

uncivilized

uncouth

vulgar

boost

[D.J.:bu:st]

[K.K.:bust]

vt.

向上推起, 提升

增加, 提高

促进, 改善, 激励

吹捧, 大肆宣传

n.

推起

增加, 改进

促进, 激励

boosting

[ˈbu:stiŋ]

n.

增[升]压;加大推力[功率],加速(发动机);助推

boost ***

1. boost boosts boosting boosted
If one thing boosts another, it causes it to increase, improve, or be more successful.

- It wants the government to take action to boost the economy.

- The move is designed to boost sales during the peak booking months of January and February.

VB

2. boost boosts
Also a noun.

- It would get the economy going and give us the boost that we need.

- The proposal received a boost on Sunday when The New York Times endorsed it in a leading article.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. boost boosts boosting boosted
If something boosts your confidence or morale, it improves it.

- We need a big win to boost our confidence.

- Do what you can to give her confidence and boost her morale.

VB
= bolster

4. boost boosts
Also a noun.

- It did give me a boost to win such a big event.

N-COUNT: usu sing

boost

noun

1.

help

encouragement

praise

promotion

2.

rise

addition

expansion

improvement

increase

increment

jump

verb

3.

increase

add to

amplify

develop

enlarge

expand

heighten

raise

4.

advertise

encourage

foster

further

hype

plug informal

praise

promote

booster

[D.J.:ˈbu:stə]

[K.K.:ˈbustɚ]

n.

提高〔推进〕的人;升降压机;(火箭的)助推器;多级火箭的第一级

热情的支持者；援助者

辅助药剂,增强药效的辅助剂

booster *

1. booster boosters
A booster is something that increases a positive or desirable quality.

- It was amazing what a morale booster her visits proved.

- Praise is a great confidence booster.

N-COUNT: usu n N

2. booster boosters
A booster is an extra engine in a machine such as a space rocket, which provides an extra amount of power at certain times.

- Ground controllers will then fire the booster, sending the satellite into its proper orbit.

N-COUNT

3. booster boosters
A booster is a small injection of a drug that you have some time after a larger injection, in order to make sure that the first injection will remain effective.
N-COUNT
= jab

4. booster boosters
A booster is someone who supports a sports team, organization, person, or place very enthusiastically. (AM)

- A former associate of Mr. Pierce's was among the project's boosters.

- ...the university's biggest athletic booster club.

N-COUNT: oft supp N, N n
= supporter

booster seat

booster seat booster seats
A booster seat or a booster cushion is a special seat which allows a small child to sit in a higher position, for example at a table or in a car.

N-COUNT also booster cushion

boot

[D.J.:bu:t]

[K.K.:but]

n.

长统靴, 高统鞋

后备箱, 行李箱

踢

vt.

踢

booted

[D.J.:ˈbu:tid]

[K.K.:ˈbutɪd]

adj.

穿靴的

boots

[bu:ts]

n.

擦靴人

boot ***

1. boot boots
Boots are shoes that cover your whole foot and the lower part of your leg.

- He sat in a kitchen chair, reached down and pulled off his boots.

- He was wearing riding pants, high boots, and spurs.

N-COUNT
See also wellington .

2. boot boots
Boots are strong, heavy shoes which cover your ankle and which have thick soles. You wear them to protect your feet, for example when you are walking or taking part in sport.

- The soldiers' boots resounded in the street.

- Equip yourself with stout walking boots and sticks.

N-COUNT

3. boot booting booted
If you boot something such as a ball, you kick it hard. (INFORMAL)

- He booted the ball 40 yards back up field.

- One guy booted the door down.

VB

4. boot boots
The boot of a car is a covered space at the back or front, in which you carry things such as luggage and shopping. (BRIT; in AM use trunk )

- He opened the boot to put my bags in.

- Harris got a rope from the car boot.

N-COUNT

5. boot booting booted
To boot a car means to fit a Denver boot to one of its wheels so that it cannot be driven away. (AM; in BRIT use clamp )

- `If we're gettin' booted, we sure as hell ain't leavin' it for the locals.

VB

6. boot
If you get the boot or are given the boot , you are told that you are not wanted any more, either in your job or by someone you are having a relationship with. (INFORMAL)

- She was a disruptive influence, and after a year or two she got the boot.

- His girl gave him the boot.

PHR: V inflects
= get the elbow get the chop

7. boot
If someone puts the boot in , they attack another person by saying something cruel, often when the person is already feeling weak or upset. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects

8. boot
You can say to boot to emphasize that you have added something else to something or to a list of things that you have just said. (FORMAL)

- He is making money and receiving free advertising to boot!.

- They have to be thin, attractive and well-dressed to boot.

PHR: cl/group PHR emphasis
= into the bargain

boot

verb

kick

drive

drop-kick

knock

punt

put the boot in(to) slang

shove

boot out ***

boot out booting out; booted out
If someone boots you out of a job, organization, or place, you are forced to leave it. (INFORMAL)

- Schools are booting out record numbers of unruly pupils.

PHR-V

boot up

boot up booting up; booted up
When you boot up a computer, you make it ready to use by putting in the instructions which it needs in order to start working.

- I can boot up from a floppy disk, but that's all.

- Go over to your PC and boot it up.

PHR-V

boot camp

boot camp boot camps
In the United States, a boot camp is a camp where people who have just joined the army, navy, or marines are trained. (AM)
N-VAR

bootee

[D.J.:ˈbu:ti:]

[K.K.:ˈbuti]

n.

毛线鞋,女人的短靴

bootee

1. bootee bootees or booties
Bootees are short woollen socks that babies wear instead of shoes.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. bootee bootees or booties
Bootees are short boots which come to just above the ankle. They are worn especially by women and girls.
N-COUNT

booth

[bu:ð]

n.

售货棚, 摊位

小房间

booth *

1. booth booths
A booth is a small area separated from a larger public area by screens or thin walls where, for example, people can make a telephone call or vote in secret.

- I called her from a public phone booth near the entrance to the bar.

- In Darlington, queues formed at some polling booths.

N-COUNT: usu n N
= cubicle

2. booth booths
A booth in a restaurant or caf´e consists of a table with long fixed seats on two or sometimes three sides of it.

- They sat in a corner booth, away from other diners.

N-COUNT

3. booth booths
A booth is a small tent or stall, usually at a fair, in which you can buy goods or watch some form of entertainment.
N-COUNT

4. booth booths
A booth is a stall at an exhibition, for example with a display of goods for sale or with information leaflets. (AM; in BRIT use stand )
N-COUNT

bootlace

[D.J.:ˈbu:tleis]

[K.K.:ˈbutˌles]

n.

鞋带

bootlace

bootlace bootlaces
A bootlace is a long thin cord which is used to fasten a boot.
N-COUNT: usu pl

bootleg

[D.J.:ˈbu:tleɡ]

[K.K.:ˈbutˌlɛɡ]

vt.

非法制造或贩卖

adj.

非法制造或贩卖的

bootlegger

n.

酿私酒者,走私贩

bootlegging

穿鞋筒(钢锭缺陷)

bootleg *

1. bootleg
Bootleg is used to describe something that is made secretly and sold illegally.

- ...a bootleg recording of the band's 1977 tour of Scandinavia.

- ...bootleg liquor.

ADJ: ADJ n
= illegal ≠ legal

2. bootleg bootlegs bootlegging bootlegged
To bootleg something such as a recording means to make and sell it illegally.

- He has sued a fan for bootlegging his concerts.

- Avid Bob Dylan fans treasure bootlegged recordings.

VB

3. bootleg bootlegs
Also a noun.

- The record was a bootleg.

N-COUNT

4. bootlegger bootleggers

- Bootleggers sold 75 million dollars-worth of copies.

N-COUNT

bootstraps

bootstraps
If you have pulled yourself up by your bootstraps , you have achieved success by your own efforts, starting from very difficult circumstances and without help from anyone.
PHR: V inflects

booty

[D.J.:ˈbu:ti]

[K.K.:ˈbuti]

n.

战利品,获得之物

booty

booty
Booty is a collection of valuable things stolen from a place, especially by soldiers after a battle.

- Troops destroyed the capital and confiscated many works of art as war booty.

N-UNCOUNT
= spoils

booty

noun

plunder

gains

haul

loot

prey

spoils

swag slang

takings

winnings

booze

[D.J.:bu:z]

[K.K.:buz]

n.

酒, 烈性酒

酒宴,酒会

vt. & vi.

喝酒, 痛饮

booze *

1. booze
Booze is alcoholic drink. (INFORMAL)

- ...booze and cigarettes.

- ...empty bottles of booze.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N

2. booze boozes boozing boozed
If people booze , they drink alcohol. (INFORMAL)

- ...a load of drunken businessmen who had been boozing all afternoon.

VB

3. boozing

- She had to contend with the boozing and girl-chasing of her husband.

N-UNCOUNT

boozed

boozed
If someone is boozed or boozed up , they are drunk. (INFORMAL)

- He's half asleep and a bit boozed.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

boozer

[ˈbu:zə]

n.

豪饮者, 酒徒, 酒鬼

酒馆

boozer

1. boozer boozers
A boozer is a pub . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She once caught him in a boozer with another woman.

N-COUNT
= pub

2. boozer boozers
A boozer is a person who drinks a lot of alcohol. (INFORMAL)

- We always thought he was a bit of a boozer.

N-COUNT

booze-up

n.

狂饮作乐的聚会

booze-up

booze-up booze-ups
In Britain, a booze-up is a party or other social gathering where people drink a lot of alcohol. (INFORMAL)

- ...a booze-up in the nurses' home.

N-COUNT
= bender

boozy

[ˈbu:zi]

adj.

酩酊的,嗜酒的

boozy

boozy
A boozy person is someone who drinks a lot of alcohol. (INFORMAL)

- ...a cheerful, boozy chain-smoker.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

bop

[D.J.:bɔp]

[K.K.:bɑp]

n.

博普爵士乐

一击, 打

vi.

跳舞

vt.

击, 打

bop *

1. bop bops
A bop is a dance. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- People just want a good tune and a good bop.

N-COUNT
= dance

2. bop bops bopping bopped
If you bop , you dance. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He was bopping around, snapping his fingers.

- Guests bopped and jigged the night away to the disco beat.

VB
= dance

borax

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:ræks]

[K.K.:ˈbɔrˌæks, -əks, ˈbor-]

n.

硼砂

borax

borax
Borax is a white powder used, for example, in the making of glass and as a cleaning chemical.
N-UNCOUNT

bordello

[D.J.:bɔ:ˈdeləu]

[K.K.:bɔrˈdɛlo]

n.

妓院

bordello

bordello bordellos
A bordello is a brothel . (LITERARY)
N-COUNT

border

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:də]

[K.K.:ˈbɔrdɚ]

n.

边, 边缘

边界, 边境

vt. & vi.

与…接界, 在…的边上

bordering

边界标志物;镶边 加边

borders

边缘地区

border ****

1. border borders
The border between two countries or regions is the dividing line between them. Sometimes the border also refers to the land close to this line.

- They fled across the border.

- ...the isolated jungle area near the Panamanian border...

- Clifford is enjoying life north of the border.

- ...the Mexican border town of Tijuana...

- Soldiers had temporarily closed the border between the two countries.

N-COUNT
= frontier

2. border borders bordering bordered
A country that borders another country, a sea, or a river is next to it.

- ...the European and Arab countries bordering the Mediterranean.

VB

3. border on borders on; bordering on; bordered on
Border on means the same as border .

- Both republics border on the Black Sea.

PHR-V

4. border borders
A border is a strip or band around the edge of something.

- ...pillowcases trimmed with a hand-crocheted border.

N-COUNT
= hem

5. border borders
In a garden, a border is a long strip of ground along the edge planted with flowers.

- ...a lawn flanked by wide herbaceous borders.

- ...border plants.

N-COUNT
= bed

6. border borders bordering bordered
If something is bordered by another thing, the other thing forms a line along the edge of it.

- ...the mile of white sand beach bordered by palm trees and tropical flowers...

- Caesar marched north into the forests that border the Danube River.

VB
= flank

border on ****

border on borders on; bordering on; bordered on
If you talk about a characteristic or situation bordering on something, usually something that you consider bad, you mean that it is almost that thing.

- He has never exhibited the self-confidence, bordering on arrogance, of his predecessor.

- The atmosphere borders on the surreal.

PHR-V
See also border 2.

border

noun

1.

frontier

borderline

boundary

line

march

2.

edge

bounds

brink

limits

margin

rim

verge

verb

3.

edge

bind

decorate

fringe

hem

rim

trim

borderland

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:dəlænd]

[K.K.:ˈbɔrdɚˌlænd]

n.

边疆; 边境

(介乎两种品质或思想、学科等之间的)边缘领域

borderland

1. borderland
The borderland between two things is an area which contains features from both of these things so that it is not possible to say that it belongs to one or the other.

- ...rather like being on the borderland between sleep and waking.

N-SING: usu with supp

2. borderland borderlands
The area of land close to the border between two countries or major areas can be called the borderlands .

- ...Lebanon's southern borderlands.

N-COUNT: usu pl

borderline

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:dəˌlaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈbɔrdɚˌlaɪn]

n.

分界线,国界线

adj.

边界上的；边界附近的

暧昧的

不明确的；含混不清的

borderline *

1. borderline borderlines
The borderline between two different or opposite things is the division between them.

- ...a task which involves exploring the borderline between painting and photography.

N-COUNT: usu N between/of n
= borders

2. borderline
Something that is borderline is only just acceptable as a member of a class or group.

- Some were obviously unsuitable and could be ruled out at once. Others were borderline cases.

ADJ-GRADED

-bore

-bore
-bore combines with numbers to form adjectives which indicate the size of the barrel of a gun.

- He had a 12-bore shotgun.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

boredom

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:dəm, ˈbəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈbɔrdəm, ˈbor-]

n.

厌烦;厌倦;无聊

boredom *

boredom
Boredom is the state of being bored.

- He had given up attending lectures out of sheer boredom.

- They often find they begin to chat to relieve the boredom of the flight.

N-UNCOUNT
= tedium

boredom

noun

tedium

apathy

ennui

flatness

monotony

sameness

tediousness

weariness

world-weariness

borehole

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:həul]

[K.K.:ˈbɔrˌhol, ˈbor-]

n.

地上凿洞

borehole

borehole boreholes
A borehole is a deep round hole made by a special tool or machine, especially one that is made in the ground when searching for oil or water.
N-COUNT

born

[D.J.:bɔ:n]

[K.K.:bɔrn]

adj.

出生的, 问世的, 诞生的

天生的, 命中注定的

born ****

1. born
When a baby is born , it comes out of its mother's body at the beginning of its life. In formal English, if you say that someone is born of someone or to someone, you mean that person is their parent.

- My mother was 40 when I was born.

- She was born in London on April 29, 1923.

- He was born of German parents and lived most of his life abroad.

- Willie Smith was the second son born to Jean and Stephen.

V-PASSIVE

2. born
If someone is born with a particular disease, problem, or characteristic, they have it from the time they are born.

- He was born with only one lung.

- Some people are born brainy.

- I think he was born to be editor of a tabloid newspaper.

- We are all born leaders; we just need the right circumstances in which to flourish.

V-PASSIVE: no cont

3. born
You can use be born in front of a particular name to show that a person was given this name at birth, although they may be better known by another name. (FORMAL)

- She was born Jenny Harvey on June 11, 1946.

V-PASSIVE: no cont

4. born
You use born to describe someone who has a natural ability to do a particular activity or job. For example, if you are a born cook, you have a natural ability to cook well.

- Jack was a born teacher.

ADJ: ADJ n
= instinctive

5. born
When an idea or organization is born , it comes into existence. If something is born of a particular emotion or activity, it exists as a result of that emotion or activity. (FORMAL)

- The idea for the show was born in his hospital room.

- Congress passed the National Security Act, and the CIA was born.

- Energy conservation as a philosophy was born out of the 1973 oil crisis.

V-PASSIVE
= conceive

-born

-born
-born combines with adjectives that relate to countries or with the names of towns and areas to form adjectives that indicate where someone was born. (JOURNALISM)

- The German-born photographer was admired by writers such as Oscar Wilde.

- Lancashire-born Miss Richardson lives alone in London.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n

born-again

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:nəˌgen]

[K.K.:ˈbɔrnəˌɡɛn]

adj.

再生的,信仰再生的

born-again

1. born-again
A born-again Christian is a person who has become an evangelical Christian as a result of a religious experience.
ADJ

2. born-again
You can use born-again to describe someone who has adopted a new set of beliefs or a new way of life and is very enthusiastic about it.

- As a `born-again' cyclist I had decided that this season I would ride in a few races.

ADJ

-borne

-borne
-borne combines with nouns to form adjectives that describe the method or means by which something is carried or moved.

- ...water-borne diseases.

- ...a mosquito-borne infection.

- ...rocket-borne weapons.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n

borough

[D.J.:ˈbʌrə]

[K.K.:ˈbɚro, ˈbʌro]

n.

(尤指大伦敦的)行政区

议会中有代表的市镇

borough **

borough boroughs
A borough is a town, or a district within a large town, which has its own council.

- ...the South London borough of Lambeth.

- ...the New York City borough of Brooklyn.

- ...Kirklees Borough Council.

N-COUNT: oft the N of n, N n

borrow

[ˈbɔrəu]

vt. & vi.

借, 借进

borrowed

[ˈbɔrəud]

adj.

借来的,虚构的,伪造的

borrowing

[D.J.:ˈbɔrəʊɪŋ, ˈbɔ:r-]

[K.K.:ˈbɑroɪŋ, ˈbɔr-]

n.

借,借入

借用;借用的事物(如语言等)

borrow ***

1. borrow borrows borrowing borrowed
If you borrow something that belongs to someone else, you take it or use it for a period of time, usually with their permission.

- Can I borrow a pen please?.

- He wouldn't let me borrow his clothes.

VB
≠ lend

2. borrow borrows borrowing borrowed
If you borrow money from someone or from a bank, they give it to you and you agree to pay it back at some time in the future.

- Morgan borrowed £5,000 from his father to form the company 20 years ago.

- It's so expensive to borrow from finance companies.

- He borrowed heavily to get the money together.

VB

3. borrow borrows borrowing borrowed
If you borrow a book from a library, you take it away for a fixed period of time.

- I couldn't afford to buy any, so I borrowed them from the library.

VB

4. borrow borrows borrowing borrowed
If you borrow something such as a word or an idea from another language or from another person's work, you use it in your own language or work.

- I borrowed his words for my book's title.

- Their engineers are happier borrowing other people's ideas than developing their own.

VB

5. borrow
Someone who is living on borrowed time or who is on borrowed time has continued to live or to do something for longer than was expected, and is likely to die or be stopped from doing it soon.

- Perhaps that illness, diagnosed as fatal, gave him a sense of living on borrowed time.

PHR: V inflects

borrowing **

1. borrowing
Borrowing is the activity of borrowing money.

- We have allowed spending and borrowing to rise in this recession.

- ...the huge £50 billion public sector borrowing requirement.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. borrowing borrowings
A borrowing is something such as a word or an idea that someone has taken from another language or from another person's work and used in their own language or work.

- The names are direct borrowings from the Chinese.

N-COUNT

borrow

verb

1.

take on loan

cadge

scrounge informal

touch (someone) for slang

use temporarily

2.

steal

adopt

copy

obtain

plagiarize

take

usurp

borrower

[ˈbɔrəuə]

n.

借用人,剽窃者

borrower **

borrower borrowers
A borrower is a person or organization that borrows money.
N-COUNT
= lender

borstal

[ˈbɔ:st(ə)l]

n.

〈英〉少年犯(17-21岁)教育感化院

borstal

borstal borstals
In Britain in the past, a borstal was a kind of prison for young criminals, who were not old enough to be sent to ordinary prisons.
N-VAR
= reform school

bosom

[D.J.:ˈbuzəm]

[K.K.:ˈbʊzəm, ˈbuzəm]

n.

胸部, 乳房

胸怀, 内心

bosom *

1. bosom bosoms
A woman's breasts are sometimes referred to as her bosom or her bosoms . (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...a large young mother with a baby resting against her ample bosom.

N-COUNT
= chest

2. bosom
If you are in the bosom of your family or of a community, you are among people who love, accept, and protect you. (LITERARY)

- Joan was delighted to welcome her boyfriend into the bosom of her large, close-knit family.

N-SING: the N of n

3. bosom
A bosom friend is a friend who you know very well and like very much indeed.

- They were bosom friends.

- Sakota was her cousin and bosom pal.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. bosom
If you take someone or something to your bosom , you accept them and treat or regard them with great affection. (LITERARY)

- We, at least, have taken her to our bosom.

PHR: PHR after v

bosom

noun

1.

breast

bust

chest

adjective

2.

intimate

boon

cherished

close

confidential

dear

very dear

boss

[D.J.:bɔs]

[K.K.:bɔs, bɑs]

n.

老板, 经理, 上司, 工头, 领班

bossed

adj.

有浮雕的,有突起的

bossing

[ˈbɔsiŋ]

n.

瘤,节疤或类似的肿块

boss ****

1. boss bosses
Your boss is the person in charge of the organization or department where you work.

- He cannot stand his boss.

- Occasionally I have to go and ask the boss for a rise.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft poss N

2. boss bosses
If you are the boss in a group or relationship, you are the person who makes all the decisions. (INFORMAL)

- He thinks he's the boss.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

3. boss bosses bossing bossed
If you say that someone bosses you, you mean that they keep telling you what to do in a way that is irritating.

- We cannot boss them into doing more.

- `You are not to boss me!' she shouted.

VB
= order around

4. boss around bosses around; bossing around; bossed
Boss around , or in British English boss about , means the same as boss .

- He started bossing people around and I didn't like what was happening.

PHR-V

5. boss
If you are your own boss , you work for yourself or make your own decisions and do not have anyone telling you what to do.

- I'm very much my own boss and no one interferes with what I do.

PHR: V inflects

boss

noun

head

chief

director

employer

gaffer informal chiefly Brit.

leader

manager

master

supervisor

boss

noun

stud

knob

point

protuberance

tip

boss around

verb Informal

domineer

bully

dominate

oppress

order

push around slang

bossiness

[ˈbɔsinis]

n.

跋扈 作威作福

bossy

[D.J.:ˈbɔ:si:, ˈbɔsi:]

[K.K.:ˈbɔsi, ˈbɑsi]

adj.

<非正>好发号施令的,专横的

凸出的;有浮凸之饰物的

n.

<口>母牛;牛犊

bossy

1. bossy
If you describe someone as bossy , you mean that they enjoy telling people what to do.

- She remembers being a rather bossy little girl.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= overbearing

2. bossiness

- They resent what they see as bossiness.

N-UNCOUNT

bossy

adjective

domineering

arrogant

authoritarian

autocratic

dictatorial

hectoring

high-handed

imperious

overbearing

tyrannical

bosun

[D.J.:ˈbəusn]

[K.K.:ˈbosən]

n.

商船甲板长,水手长

bosun

bosun bosuns
The bosun on a ship is the officer whose job it is to look after the ship and its equipment.
N-COUNT: oft the N

botanic

[bəˈtænik]

adj.

植物的,植物学的

botanic

botanic
Botanic means the same as botanical .
ADJ: ADJ n

botanical

[D.J.:bəˈtænikəl]

[K.K.:bəˈtænɪkəl]

adj.

植物学的

botanical *

1. botanical
Botanical books, research, and activities relate to the scientific study of plants.

- The area is of great botanical interest.

- ...botanical gardens.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. botanical botanicals
Botanicals are drugs which are made from plants.

- The most effective new botanicals are extracts from cola nut and marine algae.

N-COUNT

botanist

[D.J.:ˈbɔtnɪst]

[K.K.:ˈbɑtnɪst]

n.

植物学家,研究植物的人

botanist *

botanist botanists
A botanist is a scientist who studies plants.
N-COUNT

botany

[ˈbɔtəni]

n.

植物学

botany

botany
Botany is the scientific study of plants.
N-UNCOUNT

botch

[D.J.:bɔtʃ]

[K.K.:bɑtʃ]

v.

修补

botch *

1. botch botches botching botched
If you botch something that you are doing, you do it badly or clumsily. (INFORMAL)

- It is a silly idea and he has botched it.

- ...a botched job.

VB
= bungle

2. botch up; botches up; botching up; botched up
Botch up means the same as botch .

- I hate having builders botch up repairs on my house.

- Hemingway complained that Nichols had `botched everything up'.

PHR-V
= mess up

3. botch botches
If you make a botch of something that you are doing, you botch it. (INFORMAL)

- I rather made a botch of that whole thing.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= mess

botch

verb

1.

spoil

blunder

bungle

cock up Brit. slang

make a pig's ear of informal

mar

mess up

screw up informal

noun

2.

mess

blunder

bungle

cock-up Brit. slang

failure

hash

pig's ear informal

botch-up

botch-up botch-ups
A botch-up is the same as a botch . (INFORMAL)

- Tony Ward described the case as a `sad botch-up'.

N-COUNT: usu sing

both

[D.J.:bəuθ]

[K.K.:boθ]

adj.

二者, 两者都

pron.

二者

adv.

二者, 二者都

both *****

1. both
You use both when you are referring to two people or things and saying that something is true about each of them.

- She cried out in fear and flung both arms up to protect her face.

- Put both vegetables into a bowl and crush with a potato masher.

DET: DET pl-n

2. both
Also a quantifier.

- Both of these women have strong memories of the Vietnam War.

- We're going to Andreas's Boutique to pick out something original for both of us.

QUANT: QUANT of pl-n

3. both
Also a pronoun.

- Miss Brown and her friend, both from Stoke, were arrested on the 8th of June.

- Will there be public-works programmes, or community service, or both?

PRON

4. both
Also an emphasizing pronoun.

- He visited the Institute of Neurology in Havana where they both worked.

- `Well, I'll leave you both, then,' said Gregory.

PRON-EMPH: n PRON

5. both
Also a predeterminer.

- Both the band's writers are fascinating lyricists.

- Both the horses were out, tacked up and ready to ride.

PREDET: PREDET det pl-n emphasis

6. both
You use the structure both...and when you are giving two facts or alternatives and emphasizing that each of them is true or possible.

- Now women work both before and after having their children.

- Any such action would have to be approved by both American and Saudi leaders.

CONJ-COORD

bother

[D.J.:ˈbɔðə]

[K.K.:ˈbɑðɚ]

vt. & vi.

打扰, 烦扰, 搅扰, 使恼怒

迷惑, 把…弄糊涂; (使)不安, (使)紧张

n.

麻烦, 不便, 忧虑

令人烦恼的人或事物; 引起麻烦的人或事物

bother ***

1. bother bothers bothering bothered
If you do not bother to do something or if you do not bother with it, you do not do it, consider it, or use it because you think it is unnecessary or because you are too lazy.

- Lots of people don't bother to go through a marriage ceremony these days.

- Most of the papers didn't even bother reporting it.

- Nothing I do makes any difference anyway, so why bother?

- ...and he does not bother with a helmet either.

VB: with brd-neg

2. bother
Bother means trouble or difficulty. You can also use bother to refer to an activity which causes this, especially when you would prefer not to do it or get involved with it.

- I usually buy sliced bread -- it's less bother.

- The courts take too long and going to the police is a bother.

- Most men hate the bother of shaving.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N
= trouble

3. bother
You use bother to refer to serious trouble, usually when you want to make it sound less serious than it really is. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Vince is having a spot of bother with the law.

N-UNCOUNT vagueness

4. bother bothers bothering bothered
If something bothers you, or if you bother about it, it worries, annoys, or upsets you.

- Is something bothering you?.

- That kind of jealousy doesn't bother me.

- It bothered me that boys weren't interested in me.

- Never bother about people's opinions.

V-ERG

5. bothered

- I was bothered about the blister on my hand.

- I'm not bothered if he has another child.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n

6. bother bothers bothering bothered
If someone bothers you, they talk to you when you want to be left alone or interrupt you when you are busy.

- We are playing a trick on a man who keeps bothering me.

- I don't know why he bothers me with this kind of rubbish.

VB

7. bother
Some people say ` bother ' or ` bother it ' when they are annoyed about something. (mainly BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
EXCLAM feelings
= drat

8. bother
If you say that you can't be bothered to do something, you mean that you are not going to do it because you think it is unnecessary or because you are too lazy.

- I just can't be bothered to look after the house.

- Doctors cannot be bothered to explain what they do.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to-inf

9. bother
If you say ` it's no bother ' after offering to do something for someone, you are emphasizing that you really want to do it and that it will take very little effort.

- I'll drive you back to your hotel later. It's no bother.

CONVENTION emphasis

bother

verb

1.

trouble

alarm

concern

disturb

harass

hassle informal

inconvenience

pester

plague

worry

noun

2.

trouble

difficulty

fuss

hassle informal

inconvenience

irritation

nuisance

problem

worry

bothersome

[D.J.:ˈbɔðəsəm]

[K.K.:ˈbɑðəsəm]

adj.

<旧>引起麻烦的;困扰人的，令人讨厌的

bothersome

bothersome
Someone or something that is bothersome is annoying or irritating. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- It's all been very noisy and bothersome in Parliament this week.

ADJ-GRADED
= troublesome

bottle

[D.J.:ˈbɔtl]

[K.K.:ˈbɑtl]

n.

瓶子

vt.

把…装入瓶中

抑制; 控制

bottled

[ˈbɔtld]

adj.

瓶装的

bottling

[ˈbɔtliŋ]

n.

装瓶(子);灌注

bottle ****

1. bottle bottles
A bottle is a glass or plastic container in which drinks and other liquids are kept. Bottles are usually round with straight sides and a narrow top.

- There were two empty beer bottles on the table.

- He was pulling the cork from a bottle of wine.

- ...Victorian scent bottles.

N-COUNT

2. bottle bottles
A bottle of something is an amount of it contained in a bottle.

- He had drunk half a bottle of whisky.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. bottle bottles bottling bottled
To bottle a drink or other liquid means to put it into bottles after it has been made.

- This is a large truck which has equipment to automatically bottle the wine.

- ...bottled water.

VB

4. bottle bottles
A bottle is a drinking container used by babies. It has a special rubber part at the top through which they can suck their drink.

- Gary was holding a bottle to the baby's lips.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

5. bottle bottles
A bottle of milk or other drink is an amount of it contained in a baby's bottle.
N-COUNT: with supp

6. bottle bottles bottling bottled
To bottle fruit means to put it into special jars, in order to preserve it.

- Did she do things like bottling fruit or making jam?

- ...bottled plums.

VB

7. bottle
Bottle is used to refer to courage or boldness. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- But will anyone have the bottle to go through with it?

N-UNCOUNT

8. bottle
If someone hits the bottle , they drink a lot of alcohol. (INFORMAL)

- After my mother died my father started hitting the bottle.

PHR: V inflects

9. bottle
If you say that someone has bottled it , you mean that they have lost their courage at the last moment and have not done something they intended to do. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He was scheduled to appear on the Russell Harty Show, but bottled it at the last minute.

PHR: V inflects

bottled

bottled
Bottled gas is kept under pressure in special metal cylinders which can be moved from one place to another.
ADJ: usu ADJ n
See also bottle .

bottle out ****

bottle out bottles out; bottling out; bottled out
If you bottle out , you lose your courage at the last moment and do not do something you intended to do. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I haven't come all this way to bottle out.

PHR-V
= chicken out

bottle up ****

bottle up bottles up; bottling up; bottled up
If you bottle up strong feelings, you do not express them or show them, especially when this makes you tense or angry.

- Tension in the home increases if you bottle things up.

- Be assertive rather than bottle up your anger.

PHR-V disapproval

bottle up

verb

suppress

check

contain

curb

keep back

restrict

shut in

trap

bottle bank

bottle bank bottle banks
A bottle bank is a large container into which people can put empty bottles so that the glass can be used again. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

bottle-fed

[ˈbɔtlfed]

adj.

用牛乳养育的,人工营养的

bottle-feed

[D.J.:ˈbɔtlˌfi:d]

[K.K.:ˈbɑtlˌfid]

vt.

用奶瓶喂育

bottle-feeding

人工喂奶

bottle-feed

bottle-feed bottle-feeds bottle-feeding bottle-fed
If you bottle-feed a baby, you give it milk or a liquid like milk in a bottle rather than the baby sucking milk from its mother's breasts.

- New fathers love bottle feeding their babies.

- ...a bottle-fed baby.

VB
≠ breast feed

bottle-green

adj.

深绿色的

bottle-green

bottle-green
Something that is bottle-green is dark green in colour.
COLOUR also bottle green .

bottleneck

[D.J.:ˈbɔtlˌnek]

[K.K.:ˈbɑtl..ˌnɛk]

n.

瓶颈

瓶颈路段(常引起交通堵塞)

(尤指工商业发展的)瓶颈;阻碍;障碍

bottleneck

1. bottleneck bottlenecks
A bottleneck is a place where a road becomes narrow or where it meets another road so that the traffic slows down or stops, often causing traffic jams.
N-COUNT

2. bottleneck bottlenecks
A bottleneck is a situation that stops a process or activity from progressing.

- He pushed everyone full speed ahead until production hit a bottleneck.

N-COUNT

bottleneck

noun

hold-up

block

blockage

congestion

impediment

jam

obstacle

obstruction

snarl-up informal chiefly Brit.

bottle-opener

bottle-opener bottle-openers
A bottle-opener is a metal device for removing caps or tops from bottles.
N-COUNT

bottler

[ˈbɔtlə]

n.

灌注机,灌瓶机

bottler

bottler bottlers
A bottler is a person or company that puts drinks into bottles.
N-COUNT

bottom

[D.J.:ˈbɔtəm]

[K.K.:ˈbɑtəm]

n.

底部, 基部, 下端, 末尾; 水底

尽头, 末端

臀部, 屁股

bottoms

底部残留物;底部产品;残留物

bottom ****

1. bottom bottoms
The bottom of something is the lowest or deepest part of it.

- He sat at the bottom of the stairs.

- Answers can be found at the bottom of page 8.

- ...the bottom of the sea.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing, oft N of n
≠ top

2. bottom
The bottom thing or layer in a series of things or layers is the lowest one.

- There's an extra duvet in the bottom drawer of the cupboard.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ top

3. bottom bottoms
The bottom of an object is the flat surface at its lowest point. You can also refer to the inside or outside of this surface as the bottom .

- Spread the onion slices on the bottom of the dish.

- ...the bottom of their shoes.

- ...a suitcase with a false bottom.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing, usu with supp
= base

4. bottom
If you say that the bottom has dropped or fallen out of a market or industry, you mean that people have stopped buying the products it sells. (JOURNALISM)

- The bottom had fallen out of the city's property market.

N-SING: the N

5. bottom
The bottom of a street or garden is the end farthest away from you or from your house. (BRIT; in AM usually use end )

- ...the Cathedral at the bottom of the street.

N-SING: the N, usu N of n
= end

6. bottom
The bottom of a table is the end farthest away from where you are sitting. The bottom of a bed is the end where you usually rest your feet. (BRIT; in AM usually use end )

- Malone sat down on the bottom of the bed.

N-SING: the N, usu N of n
= end

7. bottom
The bottom of an organization or career structure is the lowest level in it, where new employees often start.

- He had worked in the theatre for many years, starting at the bottom.

- ...a contract researcher at the bottom of the pay scale.

N-SING: the N, oft N of n
≠ top

8. bottom
If someone is bottom or at the bottom in a survey, test, or league their performance is worse than that of all the other people involved.

- He was always bottom of the class.

- The team is close to bottom of the League.

N-SING: the N, also no det
≠ top

9. bottom bottoms
Your bottom is the part of your body that you sit on.

- If there was one thing she could change about her body it would be her bottom.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

10. bottom bottoms
The lower part of a bikini, tracksuit, or pair of pyjamas can be referred to as the bottoms or the bottom .

- She wore blue tracksuit bottoms.

- ...a skimpy bikini bottom.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft n N
≠ top

11. bottom
You use at bottom to emphasize that you are stating what you think is the real nature of something or the real truth about a situation.

- The two systems are, at bottom, conceptual models.

- At bottom, such an attitude is born not of concern for your welfare, but out of fear of losing you.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

12. bottom
If something is at the bottom of a problem or unpleasant situation, it is the real cause of it.

- Often I find that anger and resentment are at the bottom of the problem.

PHR: PHR n
= at the heart of

13. bottom
You can say that you mean something from the bottom of your heart to emphasize that you mean it very sincerely.

- I'm happy, and I mean that from the bottom of my heart.

- I want to thank everyone from the bottom of my heart.

PHR: heart inflects, PHR after v, PHR with cl emphasis

14. bottom
If you want to get to the bottom of a problem, you want to solve it by finding out its real cause.

- I have to get to the bottom of this mess.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

15. bottom
Some people say bottoms up to each other just before drinking an alcoholic drink. (INFORMAL)
CONVENTION

bottom

noun

1.

lowest part

base

bed

depths

floor

foot

foundation

2.

underside

lower side

sole

underneath

3.

buttocks

backside

behind informal

posterior

rear

rump

seat

adjective

4.

lowest

last

bottom out ****

bottom out bottoms out; bottoming out; bottomed out
If a trend such as a fall in prices bottoms out , it stops getting worse or decreasing, and remains at a particular level or amount. (JOURNALISM)

- He expects the recession to bottom out.

- House prices have bottomed out.

PHR-V
= level out

-bottomed

-bottomed
-bottomed can be added to adjectives or nouns to form adjectives that indicate what kind of bottom an object or person has.

- ...a loose-bottomed cake tin...

- You can take a trip in a glass-bottomed boat.

COMB in ADJ

bottomless

[D.J.:ˈbɔtəmlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈbɑtəmlɪs]

adj.

无底的,深不可测的,极深的

不可理解的

没有根据的

无限的

裸体的；以裸体表演为特色的

a bottomless pit

无尽的事物；无休止的状况；无底洞

bottomless

1. bottomless
If you describe a supply of something as bottomless , you mean that it seems so large that it will never run out.

- Princess Anne does not have a bottomless purse.

ADJ

2. bottomless
If you describe something as bottomless , you mean that it is so deep that it seems to have no bottom.

- His eyes were like bottomless brown pools.

ADJ
= unfathomable

3. bottomless
If you describe something as a bottomless pit , you mean that it seems as if you can take things from it and it will never be empty or put things in it and it will never be full.

- A gold mine is not a bottomless pit, the gold runs out.

- The problem is we don't have a bottomless pit of resources.

- He's a bottomless pit as far as food is concerned.

PHR

bottomless

adjective

unlimited

boundless

deep

fathomless

immeasurable

inexhaustible

infinite

unfathomable

bottom line *

1. bottom line bottom lines
The bottom line in a decision or situation is the most important factor that you have to consider.

- The bottom line is that it's not profitable.

- The bottom line is that it did not get the best out of everybody.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the N

2. bottom line bottom lines
The bottom line in a business deal is the least a person is willing to accept.

- She says £95,000 is her bottom line.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu poss N

3. bottom line bottom lines
The bottom line is the total amount of money that a company has made or lost over a particular period of time.

- These small promotions were costly and they did nothing to increase his bottom line.

- ...to force chief executives to look beyond the next quarter's bottom line.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

botulism

[D.J.:ˈbɔtʃəˌlɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈbɑtʃəˌlɪzəm]

n.

罐头食品中毒；肉毒中毒；肉毒杆菌中毒

botulism

botulism
Botulism is a serious form of food poisoning. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

boudoir

[D.J.:ˈbu:ˌdwɑ:, -ˌdwɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈbuˌdwɑr, -ˌdwɔr]

n.

闺房

boudoir

boudoir boudoirs
A boudoir is a woman's bedroom or private sitting room. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Only Mimi's intimates were admitted to her boudoir.

N-COUNT

bouffant

[D.J.:bu:ˈfə:ŋ]

[K.K.:buˈfɑnt]

adj.

张大的,鼓胀的,柔软而膨松的

bouffant

bouffant
A bouffant hairstyle is one in which your hair is high and full.

- ...blonde bouffant hairdos.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

bougainvillea

[D.J.:bu:ɡənˈviliə]

[K.K.:ˌbuɡənˈvɪliə, -ˈvɪljə, -ˈviə, ˌbo-]

n.

叶子花属

bougainvillea

bougainvillea bougainvilleas
Bougainvillea is a climbing plant that has thin, red or purple flowers and grows mainly in hot countries.
N-VAR (BRIT) also bougainvillaea

bough

[D.J.:baʊ]

[K.K.:baʊ]

n.

大树枝

bough

bough boughs
A bough is a large branch of a tree. (LITERARY)

- I rested my fishing rod against a pine bough.

N-COUNT

bought

[D.J.:bɔ:t]

[K.K.:bɔt]

buy的过去式和过去分词

buy

[D.J.:bai]

[K.K.:baɪ]

vt. & vi.

购买, 购得

做出牺牲以获得

n.

交易, 买卖

便宜货

buying

[ˈbaiiŋ]

n.

购买

bought

Bought is the past tense and past participle of buy .

buy *****

1. buy buys buying bought
If you buy something, you obtain it by paying money for it.

- He could not afford to buy a house.

- They can now be bought fresh in supermarkets.

- Lizzie bought herself a mountain bike.

- I'd like to buy him lunch.

VB

2. buy buys buying bought
If you talk about the quantity or standard of goods an amount of money buys , you are referring to the price of the goods or the value of the money.

- About £35,000 buys a habitable house.

- If the pound's value is high, British investors will spend their money abroad because the pound will buy them more.

VB

3. buy buys buying bought
If you buy something like time, freedom, or victory, you obtain it but only by offering or giving up something in return.

- It was a risky operation, but might buy more time.

- For them, affluence was bought at the price of less freedom in their work environment.

VB

4. buy buys buying bought
If you say that a person can be bought , you are criticizing the fact that they will give their help or loyalty to someone in return for money.

- Once he shows he can be bought, they settle down to a regular payment.

VB: usu passive disapproval
= bribe

5. buy buys buying bought
If you buy an idea or a theory, you believe and accept it. (INFORMAL)

- I'm not buying any of that nonsense.

VB

6. buy into buys into; buying into; bought into
Buy into means the same as buy .

- I bought into the popular myth that when I got the new car or the next house, I'd finally be happy.

PHR-V

7. buy buys
If something is a good buy , it is of good quality and not very expensive.

- This was still a good buy even at the higher price.

- S & G offers great buys on computer software.

N-COUNT: supp N
= bargain

buy into *****

buy into buys into; buying into; bought into
If you buy into a company or an organization, you buy part of it, often in order to gain some control of it.

- Other companies could buy into the firm.

PHR-V
See also buy 5.

buy

verb

1.

purchase

acquire

get

invest in

obtain

pay for

procure

shop for

noun

2.

purchase

acquisition

bargain

deal

bouillabaisse

[D.J.:ˌbu:ljəˈbeis]

[K.K.:ˌbujəˈbes, ˈbuljəˌbes]

n.

〈法〉(由数种鱼肉合煮而成的)浓味鱼肉汤

bouillabaisse

bouillabaisse
Bouillabaisse is a rich stew or soup of fish and vegetables.
N-UNCOUNT: also a N

bouillon

[D.J.:ˈbu:jɔŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbʊlˌjɑn, -jən, ˈbuˌjɑn]

n.

肉汤,牛肉汤

bouillon

bouillon bouillons
Bouillon is a liquid made by boiling meat and bones or vegetables in water and used to make soups and sauces.
N-VAR
= stock

boulder

[D.J.:ˈbəʊldə]

[K.K.:ˈboldɚ]

n.

卵石, 巨砾

boulder *

boulder boulders
A boulder is a large rounded rock.
N-COUNT

boules

boules
Boules is a game in which a small ball is thrown and then the players try to throw other balls as close to the first ball as possible.
N-UNCOUNT

boulevard

[D.J.:ˈbʊləˌvɑ:d, ˈbu:lə-]

[K.K.:ˈbʊləˌvɑrd, ˈbulə-]

n.

大街, 林阴大道

boulevard *

boulevard boulevards
A boulevard is a wide street in a city, usually with trees along each side.

- ...Lenton Boulevard.

N-COUNT: oft in names
= avenue

bounce

[D.J.:bauns]

[K.K.:baʊns]

vt. & vi.

弹回

n.

弹跳

活力, 生气

bouncing

[D.J.:ˈbaunsiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbaʊnsɪŋ]

adj.

健壮的, 强健的

bounce **

1. bounce bounces bouncing bounced
When an object such as a ball bounces or when you bounce it, it moves upwards from a surface or away from it immediately after hitting it.

- I bounced a ball against the house.

- My father would burst into the kitchen bouncing a football.

- ...a falling pebble, bouncing down the eroded cliff...

- They watched the dodgem cars bang and bounce.

V-ERG
= rebound

2. bounce bounces
Also a noun.

- The wheelchair tennis player is allowed two bounces of the ball.

N-COUNT
= rebound

3. bounce
The bounce of a sports field is the condition of it, which determines how high a ball will bounce on it.
N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

4. bounce bounces bouncing bounced
If sound or light bounces or is bounced off a surface, it reaches the surface and is reflected back.

- Your arms and legs need protection from light bouncing off glass.

- They work by bouncing microwaves off solid objects.

V-ERG

5. bounce bounces bouncing bounced
If something bounces or if something bounces it, it swings or moves up and down.

- Her long black hair bounced as she walked.

- Then I noticed the car was bouncing up and down as if someone were jumping on it.

- The wind was bouncing the branches of the big oak trees.

V-ERG
= bob

6. bounce bounces bouncing bounced
If you bounce on a soft surface, you jump up and down on it repeatedly.

- She lets us do anything, even bounce on our beds.

VB

7. bounce bounces bouncing bounced
If you bounce a child on your knee, you lift him or her up and down quickly and repeatedly for fun.

- Patsy had picked up the baby and was bouncing him on her knee.

VB

8. bounce bounces bouncing bounced
If someone bounces somewhere, they move there in an energetic way, because they are feeling happy.

- Moira bounced into the office.

VB
= bound

9. bounce bounces bouncing bounced
If you bounce your ideas off someone, you tell them to that person, in order to find out what they think about them.

- It was good to bounce ideas off another mind.

- Let's bounce a few ideas around.

VB

10. bounce bounces bouncing bounced
If someone bounces you into doing something you do not really want to do, they make you do it, usually by starting a process which cannot easily be stopped. (BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- Attempts have been made to bounce member states into decisions with major financial implications.

VB

11. bounce bounces bouncing bounced
If a cheque bounces or if a bank bounces it, the bank refuses to accept it and pay out the money, because the person who wrote it does not have enough money in their account.

- Our only complaint would be if the cheque bounced.

- His bank wrongly bounced cheques worth £75,000.

V-ERG

12. bounce
If an e-mail or other electronic message bounces , it is returned to the person who sent it because the address was wrong or because of a problem with one of the computers involved in sending it. (COMPUTING)
VERB: V

bouncing *

bouncing
If you say that someone is bouncing with health, you mean that they are very healthy. You can also refer to a bouncing baby.

- They are bouncing with health in the good weather.

- Derek is now the proud father of a bouncing baby girl.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with n, ADJ n
See also bounce .

bounce

verb

1.

rebound

bob

bound

jump

leap

recoil

ricochet

spring

noun

2.

life

dynamism

energy

go informal

liveliness

vigour

vivacity

zip informal

3.

springiness

elasticity

give

recoil

resilience

spring

bounce back **

bounce back bounces back; bouncing back; bounced back
If you bounce back after a bad experience, you return very quickly to your previous level of success, enthusiasm, or activity.

- We lost two or three early games in the World Cup, but we bounced back.

- He is young enough to bounce back from this disappointment.

PHR-V
= recover

bouncer

[D.J.:ˈbaunsə]

[K.K.:ˈbaʊnsɚ]

n.

巨大的东西,巨人,跳跃的人,同类中最大者,保镖

bouncer *

bouncer bouncers
A bouncer is a man who stands at the door of a club, prevents unwanted people from coming in, and makes people leave if they cause trouble.
N-COUNT

bouncy

[D.J.:ˈbaunsi]

[K.K.:ˈbaʊnsi]

adj.

快活的,精神的,有弹性的,自大的

bouncy *

1. bouncy
Someone or something that is bouncy is very lively.

- She was bouncy and full of energy.

- ...good, bouncy pop songs.

ADJ-GRADED

2. bouncy
A bouncy thing can bounce very well or makes other things bounce well.

- ...a children's paradise filled with bouncy toys.

- ...a bouncy chair.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

bouncy castle

bouncy castle bouncy castles
A bouncy castle is a large object filled with air, often in the shape of a castle, which children play on at a fairground or other outdoor event.
N-COUNT

boundary

[D.J.:ˈbaundəri]

[K.K.:ˈbaʊndəri, -dri]

n.

分界线

界线, 范围

boundary **

1. boundary boundaries
The boundary of an area of land is an imaginary line that separates it from other areas.

- ...the Bow Brook which forms the western boundary of the wood...

- Drug traffickers operate across national boundaries.

N-COUNT: oft N of/between n
= border

2. boundary boundaries
The boundaries of something such as a subject or activity are the limits that people think that it has.

- The boundaries between history and storytelling are always being blurred and muddled.

- ...extending the boundaries of press freedom.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N of/between n
= perimeters

boundary

noun

limits

barrier

border

borderline

brink

edge

extremity

fringe

frontier

margin

bounder

[D.J.:ˈbaundə]

[K.K.:ˈbaʊndɚ]

n.

粗鲁的人,暴发户

bounder

bounder bounders
If you call a man a bounder , you mean he behaves in an unkind, deceitful, or selfish way. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- The cad! The bounder!

N-COUNT
= cad

boundless

[D.J.:ˈbaʊndlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈbaʊndlɪs]

adj.

无限的；无穷的

无边际的；广阔的

boundless

boundless
If you describe something as boundless , you mean that there seems to be no end or limit to it.

- The work demanded boundless energy and theatrical imagination.

- His reforming zeal was boundless.

ADJ
= infinite limitless

boundless

adjective

unlimited

endless

immense

incalculable

inexhaustible

infinite

unconfined

untold

vast

bountiful

[D.J.:ˈbaʊntəfəl]

[K.K.:ˈbaʊntəfəl]

adj.

慷慨给予的

丰富的,充裕的

bountiful

1. bountiful
A bountiful supply or amount of something pleasant is a large one.

- That evening's meal was an unusually bountiful one.

- ...a bountiful harvest of fruits and vegetables.

ADJ-GRADED
= plentiful

2. bountiful
A bountiful area or period of time produces or provides large amounts of something, especially food.

- The land is bountiful and no one starves.

ADJ-GRADED
= rich

bountiful

adjective Literary

1.

plentiful

abundant

ample

bounteous

copious

exuberant

lavish

luxuriant

prolific

2.

generous

liberal

magnanimous

open-handed

prodigal

unstinting

bounty

[D.J.:ˈbaunti]

[K.K.:ˈbaʊnti]

n.

(由政府提供的)奖金, 赏金

慷慨, 大方

bounty *

1. bounty bounties
You can refer to something that is provided in large amounts as bounty . (LITERARY)

- ...autumn's bounty of fruits, seeds and berries.

N-VAR: with supp

2. bounty bounties
A bounty is money that is offered as a reward for doing something, especially for finding or killing a particular person.

- A bounty of $50,000 was put on Dr. Alvarez's head.

- They paid bounties for people to give up their weapons.

N-COUNT

bounty

noun Literary

1.

generosity

benevolence

charity

kindness

largesse or largess

liberality

philanthropy

2.

reward

bonus

gift

present

bounty hunter

bounty hunter bounty hunters
A bounty hunter is someone who tries to find or kill someone in order to get the reward that has been offered.
N-COUNT

bouquet

[D.J.:ˈbukei]

[K.K.:boˈke, bu-]

n.

花束

(酒的)芳香

bouquet *

1. bouquet bouquets
A bouquet is a bunch of flowers which is attractively arranged.

- The woman carried a bouquet of dried violets.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. bouquet bouquets
The bouquet of something, especially wine, is the pleasant smell that it has.

- ...a Sicilian wine with a light red colour and a bouquet of cloves.

N-VAR
= fragrance

bouquet

noun

1.

bunch of flowers

buttonhole

corsage

garland

nosegay

posy

spray

wreath

2.

aroma

fragrance

perfume

redolence

savour

scent

bouquet garni

bouquet garni
A bouquet garni is a bunch of herbs that are tied together and used in cooking to add flavour to the food.
N-SING: also no det

bourbon

[D.J.:ˈbə:bən]

[K.K.:ˈbɚbən]

n.

波旁威士忌

一杯波旁威士忌酒

bourbon *

1. bourbon bourbons
Bourbon is a type of whisky that is made mainly in America.

- I poured a little more bourbon into my glass.

N-MASS

2. bourbon bourbons
A bourbon is a small glass of bourbon.
N-COUNT

bourgeois

[ˈbuəʒwɑ:]

adj.

资产阶级的

n.

资产阶级分子

bourgeois *

1. bourgeois
If you describe people, their way of life, or their attitudes as bourgeois , you disapprove of them because you consider them typical of conventional middle-class people.

- He's accusing them of having a bourgeois and limited vision.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. bourgeois
Marxists use bourgeois when referring to the capitalist system and to the social class that owns most of the wealth in that system. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society...

- His privileged bourgeois family insisted on a good education.

ADJ

bourgeois

adjective

middle-class

conventional

hidebound

materialistic

traditional

bourgeoisie

[D.J.:ˌbʊəʒwɑ:ˈzi:]

[K.K.:ˌbʊrʒwɑˈzi]

n.

中产阶级

居于统治地位的资产阶级

bourgeoisie *

bourgeoisie
In Marxist theory, the bourgeoisie are the middle-class people who own most of the wealth in a capitalist system. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the suppression of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie.

N-SING-COLL: the N
See also petit bourgeoisie .

bourse

[D.J.:buəs]

[K.K.:bʊrs]

n.

(非英语国家，尤指法国的)股票交易所

bourse

bourse
A country's or region's bourse is its stock exchange .
N-COUNT, also in names

bout

[D.J.:baut]

[K.K.:baʊt]

n.

比赛, 较量, 回合

一段(工作), 一次(训练), 一场(疾病)

bout **

1. bout bouts
If you have a bout of an illness or of an unpleasant feeling, you have it for a short period.

- He was recovering from a severe bout of flu.

- I was suffering with a bout of nerves.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

2. bout bouts
A bout of something that is unpleasant is a short time during which it occurs a great deal.

- The latest bout of violence has claimed twenty four lives.

- A half-hour daily walk can be more beneficial than one hard bout of exercise a week.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= spell

3. bout bouts
A bout is a boxing or wrestling match.

- This will be Eubank's eighth title bout in 19 months.

N-COUNT

4. bout
Some writers use 'bout or bout to represent about when the first syllable is not pronounced.

- How 'bout some coffee?.

- I just felt the need to write bout it, I guess.

bout

noun

1.

period

fit

spell

stint

term

turn

2.

fight

boxing match

competition

contest

encounter

engagement

match

set-to

struggle

boutique

[D.J.:bu:ˈti:k]

[K.K.:buˈtik]

n.

时装用品小商店；流行女装商店；精品店

boutique *

boutique boutiques
A boutique is a small shop that sells fashionable clothes, shoes, or jewellery.
N-COUNT

bovine

[D.J.:ˈbəʊˌvaɪn, -ˌvi:n]

[K.K.:ˈboˌvaɪn, -ˌvin]

adj.

牛的,关于牛的

迟钝的,笨拙的

n.

牛；牛科动物

bovine

1. bovine
Bovine means relating to cattle. (TECHNICAL)
ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. bovine
If you describe someone's behaviour or appearance as bovine , you think that they are stupid or slow.

- I'm depressed by the bovine enthusiasm of the crowd's response.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

bow

[D.J.:bəu]

[K.K.:bo]

n.

弓, 弓形物

bow

[bau]

鞠躬, 低头

vi.

(向…)弯腰; 鞠躬

vt.

低头, 俯首

bowed

[baud]

adj.

弯如弓的,有弓的

bowing

[ˈbəuiŋ]

n.

运弓法

bow 1 bending or submitting **

1. bow bows bowing bowed
When you bow to someone, you briefly bend your body towards them as a formal way of greeting them or showing respect.

- They bowed low to Louis and hastened out of his way.

- He bowed slightly before taking her bag.

VB

2. bow bows
Also a noun.

- I gave a theatrical bow and waved.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. bow bows bowing bowed
If you bow your head, you bend it downwards so that you are looking towards the ground, for example because you want to show respect or because you are thinking deeply about something.

- The Colonel bowed his head and whispered a prayer of thanksgiving.

- She stood still, head bowed, hands clasped in front of her.

VB
= lower

4. bow bows bowing bowed
If you bow to pressure or to someone's wishes, you agree to do what they want you to do.

- Some shops are bowing to consumer pressure and stocking organically grown vegetables.

- Parliament has bowed to the demand for a referendum next year.

VB

5. bow bowed
If you are bowed by something, you are made unhappy and anxious by it, and lose hope.

- ...their determination not to be bowed in the face of the allied attacks.

V-PASSIVE

6. bow down bows down; bowing down; bowed down
To be bowed down means the same as to be bowed .

- I am bowed down by my sins.

PHR-V-PASSIVE

7. bow
If someone bows to the inevitable and does something that they do not want to do, they do it, because circumstances force them to do it.

- He bowed to the inevitable and announced that he was willing to resume diplomatic relations.

PHR: V inflects

8. bow
If an actor or entertainer takes a bow , he or she shows appreciation of an audience's applause by bowing to them.

- They ran to the center of the tent to take their bows.

PHR: V and N inflect

bow 2 part of a ship **

bow bows
The front part of a ship is called the bow or the bows . The plural bows can be used to refer either to one or to more than one of these parts.

- The waves were about five feet now, and the bow of the boat was leaping up and down.

- ...the sight of that magnificent ship lit up from bow to stern.

- ...spray from the ship's bows.

N-COUNT

bow 3 objects *

1. bow bows
A bow is a knot with two loops and two loose ends that is used in tying shoelaces and ribbons.

- Add a length of ribbon tied in a bow.

N-COUNT

2. bow bows
A bow is a weapon for shooting arrows which consists of a long piece of curved wood with a string attached to both its ends.

- Some of the raiders were armed with bows and arrows.

N-COUNT

3. bow bows
The bow of a violin or other stringed instrument is a long thin piece of wood with fibres stretched along it, which you move across the strings of the instrument in order to play it.
N-COUNT

bow down **

bow down bows down; bowing down; bowed down
If you refuse to bow down to another person, you refuse to show them respect or to behave in a way which you think would make you seem weaker or less important than them.

- We should not have to bow down to anyone.

PHR-V: oft with brd-neg
= kow-tow

bowed

1. bowed
Something that is bowed is curved.

- ...an old lady with bowed legs.

ADJ-GRADED
= curved ≠ straight

2. bowed
If a person's body is bowed , it is bent forward.

- He walked aimlessly along street after street, head down and shoulders bowed.

ADJ-GRADED
= stooped hunched ≠ erect

bow

verb

1.

bend

bob

droop

genuflect

nod

stoop

2.

give in

acquiesce

comply

concede

defer

kowtow

relent

submit

succumb

surrender

yield

noun

3.

bending

bob

genuflexion

kowtow

nod

obeisance

bow

noun Nautical

prow

beak

fore

head

stem

bow out **

bow out bows out; bowing out; bowed out
If you bow out of something, you stop taking part in it. (WRITTEN)

- The Royal Family should bow out gracefully, while they still can.

- He had bowed out gracefully when his successor had been appointed.

PHR-V

bowdlerize

[D.J.:ˈbaudləraiz]

[K.K.:ˈbodləˌraɪz, ˈbaʊd-]

vt.

删除(书刊、剧本等中)有伤风化的词语或场面

bowdlerize

bowdlerize bowdlerizes bowdlerizing bowdlerized
To bowdlerize a book or film means to take parts of it out before publishing it or showing it.

- Mark Twain's wife was so prudish she felt it necessary to bowdlerize her husband's prose.

- We have been reading D.H. Lawrence's masterpiece in a truncated and bowdlerised form.

VB (BRIT) also bowdlerise disapproval

bowel

[D.J.:ˈbauəl]

[K.K.:ˈbaʊəl, baʊl]

n.

肠

内部, 最深处

bowels

n.

肠,内脏,内部

bowel **

1. bowel bowels
Your bowels are the tubes in your body through which digested food passes from your stomach to your anus.
N-COUNT

2. bowel bowels
You can refer in a polite way to someone getting rid of the waste from their body by saying that they move, open, or empty their bowels .
N-PLURAL

3. bowel bowels
You can refer to the parts deep inside something such as the earth, a building, or a machine as the bowels of that thing. (LITERARY or HUMOROUS)

- ...deep in the bowels of the earth...

- Lyn went off into the dark bowels of the building.

N-PLURAL: the N of n
= depths

bowels

plural noun

1.

guts

entrails

innards informal

insides informal

intestines

viscera

vitals

2.

depths

belly

core

deep

hold

inside

interior

bower

[D.J.:ˈbaʊə]

[K.K.:ˈbaʊɚ]

n.

阴凉处,凉棚

(女子的)卧室,闺房

村舍

鞠躬的人;弯腰的人;屈服者

小提琴手;弓弦乐器演奏者

船首锚；船首锚锚链

vt.

使成为遮荫之处;(用树枝)围住

bower *

bower bowers
A bower is a shady, leafy shelter in a garden or wood. (LITERARY)
N-COUNT

bowl

[D.J.:bəul]

[K.K.:bol]

n.

碗, 钵, 盘

一碗之量

bowling

[D.J.:ˈbəuliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbolɪŋ]

n.

保龄球运动

bowls

n.

保龄球

bowl ***

1. bowl bowls
A bowl is a round container with a wide uncovered top. Some kinds of bowl are used, for example, for serving or eating food from, or in cooking, while other larger kinds are used for washing or cleaning.

- Put all the ingredients into a large bowl.

- Your dog should have his own bowls for food and water.

N-COUNT

2. bowl bowls
The contents of a bowl can be referred to as a bowl of something.

- ...a bowl of soup.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. bowl bowls
You can refer to the hollow rounded part of an object as its bowl .

- He smacked the bowl of his pipe into his hand.

- ...the toilet bowl.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. bowl
Bowls is a game in which players try to roll large wooden balls as near as possible to a small wooden ball. Bowls is usually played outdoors on grass. (BRIT; in AM use lawn bowling )
N-UNCOUNT

5. bowl bowls
A set of bowls is a set of round wooden balls that you play bowls with.
N-COUNT: usu pl

6. bowl bowls bowling bowled
If you bowl , you play the game of bowls or the game of bowling.

- Everyone wanted to bowl, hence everyone wanted to open a bowling alley.

VB

7. bowl bowls bowling bowled
In cricket, when a bowler bowls a ball, he or she sends it down the pitch towards a batsman.

- I can't see the point of bowling a ball like that.

- He bowled so well that we won two matches.

VB

8. bowl bowls bowling bowled
In cricket, when a batsman is bowled , he has to leave the pitch because the bowler has hit the wicket with the ball.

- Watkins hit 16 before being bowled by Ambrose.

VB: usu passive

9. bowl out bowls out; bowled out
To bowl someone out means the same as to bowl them.

- He was bowled out first ball.

PHR-V: no cont, usu passive

10. bowl bowls bowling bowled
If you bowl along in a car or on a boat, you move along very quickly, especially when you are enjoying yourself.

- Veronica looked at him, smiling, as they bowled along.

- It felt just like old times, to bowl down Knightsbridge.

VB

11. bowl
A large stadium where sports or concerts take place is sometimes called a Bowl .

- ...the Crystal Palace Bowl.

- ...the Rose Bowl.

N-IN-NAMES: the n N

12. bowl bowls
A bowl or bowl game is a competition in which the best college teams play, after the main season has ended. (AM)

- ...the Fiesta college football bowl.

N-COUNT

bowl out ***

bowl out bowls out; bowled out
In cricket, if a team is bowled out , each player in that team has had to stop batting and leave the pitch and there is nobody left to bat.

- India were bowled out for 209.

- Middlesex defeated Derbyshire by bowling out the opposition.

PHR-V: no cont
See also bowl 8.

bowling **

1. bowling
Bowling is a game in which you roll a heavy ball down a narrow track towards a group of wooden objects and try to knock down as many of them as possible.

- I go bowling for relaxation.

N-UNCOUNT

2. bowling
In cricket, bowling is the action or activity of bowling the ball towards the batsman.
N-UNCOUNT

bowl

noun

basin

dish

vessel

bowl

verb

throw

fling

hurl

pitch

bowl over ***

1. bowl over bowls over; bowling over; bowled over
To bowl someone over means to push into them and make them fall to the ground.

- The only physical risk I ran was being bowled over by one of the many joggers.

- Some people had to cling to trees as the flash flood bowled them over.

PHR-V

2. bowl over bowls over; bowling over; bowled over
If you are bowled over by something, you are very impressed or surprised by it.

- Like any tourist, I was bowled over by India.

- ...a man who bowled her over with his humour and charm.

PHR-V

bowler

[D.J.:ˈbəʊlə]

[K.K.:ˈbolɚ]

n.

(板球)投球手

圆顶高帽

bowler **

1. bowler bowlers
The bowler in a game of cricket is the player who is bowling the ball.

- He's a rather good fast bowler.

N-COUNT

2. bowler bowlers
A bowler is someone who plays bowls or goes bowling.
N-COUNT

3. bowler bowlers
A bowler is the same as a bowler hat . (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

bowler hat

bowler hat bowler hats
A bowler hat is a round, hard, black hat with a narrow brim which is worn by men, especially British businessmen. Bowler hats are no longer very common. (mainly BRIT; in AM use derby )
N-COUNT
= bowler

bowlful

n.

一满碗

bowlful

bowlful bowlfuls
The contents of a bowl can be referred to as a bowlful of something.

- They ate a large bowlful of cereal.

- I had a mixed salad -- a huge bowlful for £3.20.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

bowling alley

bowling alley bowling alleys
A bowling alley is a building which contains several tracks for bowling.
N-COUNT

bowling green

bowling green bowling greens
A bowling green is an area of very smooth, short grass on which the game of bowls or lawn bowling is played.
N-COUNT

bow tie

bow tie bow ties
A bow tie is a tie in the form of a bow. Bow ties are worn by men, especially for formal occasions.
N-COUNT also bow-tie .

box

[D.J.:bɔks]

[K.K.:bɑks]

n.

盒, 匣, 箱

vt.

把…装入盒[箱, 匣]中

vt. & vi.

拳击

boxing

[D.J.:ˈbɔksɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbɑksɪŋ]

n.

拳击;拳术

做箱(或盒)的材料

装箱;装盒

箱形的罩(或框)

box ****

1. box boxes
A box is a square or rectangular container with hard or stiff sides. Boxes often have lids.

- He reached into the cardboard box beside him.

- They sat on wooden boxes.

- ...the box of tissues on her desk.

N-COUNT

2. box boxes
A box of something is an amount of it contained in a box.

- She ate two boxes of liqueurs.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. box boxes
A box is a square or rectangle that is printed or drawn on a piece of paper, a road, or on some other surface.
N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. box
In soccer, the box is the penalty area of the field.

- He scored from the penalty spot after being brought down in the box.

N-SING: the N

5. box boxes
A box is a small separate area in a theatre or at a sports ground or stadium, where a small number of people can sit to watch the performance or game.
N-COUNT

6. box
Television is sometimes referred to as the box . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Do you watch it live at all or do you watch it on the box?

N-SING: the N
= telly

7. box boxes
Box is used before a number as a postal address by organizations that receive a lot of mail.

- Country Crafts, Box 111, Landisville.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N num

8. box
Box is a small evergreen tree with dark leaves which is often used to form hedges.

- ...box hedges.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

9. box boxes boxing boxed
To box means to fight someone according to the rules of boxing.

- At school I boxed and played rugby.

- The two fighters had previously boxed a 12-round match.

VB

boxed

boxed
A boxed set or collection of things is sold in a box.

- ... a boxed set of six cups and saucers...

- This boxed collection captures 64 of the greatest modern love songs.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
See also box .

boxing **

boxing
Boxing is a sport in which two people wearing large padded gloves fight according to special rules.

- Some speakers argued that boxing was less dangerous than rugby.

N-UNCOUNT

box

noun

1.

container

carton

case

casket

chest

pack

package

receptacle

trunk

verb

2.

pack

package

wrap

box

verb

fight

exchange blows

spar

box in ****

1. box in boxes in; boxing in; boxed in
If you are boxed in , you are unable to move from a particular place because you are surrounded by other people or cars.

- Armstrong was boxed in with 300 metres to go.

- The black cabs cut in front of them, trying to box them in.

PHR-V
= hem in trap

2. box in boxes in; boxing in; boxed in
If something boxes you in , it puts you in a situation where you have very little choice about what you can do.

- Part of winning a mandate is having clear goals and not boxing yourself in.

- We are not trying to box anybody in, we are trying to find a satisfactory way forward.

PHR-V

3. boxed in

- The Chancellor is boxed in by inflation targets and sterling.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

boxcar

[D.J.:ˈbɔksˌkɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈbɑksˌkɑr]

n.

货车车厢

boxcar

boxcar boxcars
A boxcar is a railway carriage, often without windows, which is used to carry luggage, goods, or mail. (AM; in BRIT use van )
N-COUNT

boxer

[D.J.:ˈbɔksə]

[K.K.:ˈbɑksɚ]

n.

(尤指职业)拳击手

拳师狗

boxers

n.

拳击短裤

boxer **

1. boxer boxers
A boxer is someone who takes part in the sport of boxing.
N-COUNT

2. boxer boxers
A boxer is a dog with short hair and a rather flat face.
N-COUNT

boxer

noun

fighter

prizefighter

pugilist

sparring partner

boxer shorts

boxer shorts
Boxer shorts are loose-fitting men's underpants that are shaped like the shorts worn by boxers.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

Boxing Day

Boxing Day
Boxing Day is the 26th of December, the day after Christmas Day. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

boxing glove

boxing glove boxing gloves
Boxing gloves are big padded gloves worn for boxing.
N-COUNT

boxing ring

boxing ring boxing rings
A boxing ring is a raised square platform with ropes around it in which boxers fight.
N-COUNT

box lunch

box lunch box lunches
A box lunch is food, for example sandwiches, which you take to work, to school, or on a trip and eat as your lunch. (AM; in BRIT use packed lunch )
N-COUNT

box number

box number box numbers
A box number is a number used as an address, for example one given by a newspaper for replies to a private advertisement, or one used by an organization for the letters sent to it.
N-COUNT

box office **

1. box office box offices
The box office in a theatre, cinema, or concert hall is the place where the tickets are sold.
N-COUNT also box-office .

2. box office
When people talk about the box office , they are referring to the degree of success of a film or play in terms of the number of people who go to watch it or the amount of money it makes.

- The film has taken £180 million at the box office.

- The film was a huge box-office success.

N-SING: usu the N, N n also box-office .

boxwood

[D.J.:ˈbɔkswud]

[K.K.:ˈbɑksˌwʊd]

n.

黄杨木材,黄杨木

boxwood

boxwood
Boxwood is a type of wood which is obtained from a box tree.
N-UNCOUNT

boxy

[D.J.:ˈbɔksi]

[K.K.:ˈbɑksi]

adj.

箱子般四四方方的,矮胖的

boxy

boxy
Something that is boxy is similar to a square in shape and usually plain.

- ...short boxy jackets.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

boy

[D.J.:bɔi]

[K.K.:bɔɪ]

n.

男孩, 少年

儿子

boy *****

1. boy boys
A boy is a child who will grow up to be a man.

- I knew him when he was a little boy.

- He was still just a boy.

N-COUNT

2. boy boys
You can refer to a young man as a boy , especially when talking about relationships between boys and girls.

- ...the age when girls get interested in boys.

N-COUNT

3. boy boys
Someone's boy is their son. (INFORMAL)

- Eric was my cousin Edward's boy.

- I have two boys.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

4. boy boys
You can refer to a man as a boy , especially when you are talking about him in an affectionate way. (INFORMAL)

- ...the local boy who made President...

- `Come on boys', he shouted to the sailors.

N-COUNT: with supp feelings
= lad

5. boy boys
You can use boy when giving instructions to a horse or dog.

- Down, boy, down!

N-VOC

6. boy
The police are sometimes referred to as the boys in blue . (OLD-FASHIONED)
PHR

7. boy
Some people say ` boy ' or ` oh boy ' in order to express strong feelings of excitement or admiration. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- Oh Boy! Just think what I could tell him.

EXCLAM feelings

8. boy
If you say boys will be boys , for example when a group of men are behaving noisily or aggressively, you are suggesting in a light-hearted way that this is typical male behaviour and will never change.
PHR

9. boy
If a man is described as one of the boys , he is accepted by a group of male friends who do things that are thought of as typically masculine.

- He wants to be accepted as one of the boys.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
= one of the lads

boy

noun

lad

fellow

junior

schoolboy

stripling

youngster

youth

boy band

boy band boy bands
A boy band is a band consisting of young men who sing popular music and dance. Boy bands are especially popular with teenage girls.
N-COUNT

boycott

[D.J.:ˈbɔikɔt]

[K.K.:ˈbɔɪˌkɑt]

vt.

抵制; 拒绝参加

boycott **

1. boycott boycotts boycotting boycotted
If a country, group, or person boycotts a country, organization, or activity, they refuse to be involved with it in any way because they disapprove of it.

- The main opposition parties are boycotting the elections.

VB

2. boycott boycotts
Also a noun.

- Opposition leaders had called for a boycott of the vote.

- ...the lifting of the economic boycott against Israel.

N-COUNT: oft N of/against/on n

boycott

verb

embargo

ban

bar

black

exclude

outlaw

prohibit

refuse

reject

boyfriend

[D.J.:ˈbɔɪˌfrend]

[K.K.:ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd]

n.

男朋友

(女子的)情人；情夫

boyfriend **

boyfriend boyfriends
Someone's boyfriend is a man or boy with whom they are having a romantic or sexual relationship.

- ...Brenda and her boyfriend Anthony...

- I don't know if she's got a boyfriend or not.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

boyfriend

noun

sweetheart

admirer

beau

date

lover

man

suitor

boyhood

[D.J.:ˈbɔɪhʊd]

n.

男孩时代,少年时期

boyhood *

boyhood
Boyhood is the period of a male person's life during which he is a boy.

- He has been a Derby County supporter since boyhood.

N-UNCOUNT

boyish

[D.J.:ˈbɔɪɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbɔɪɪʃ]

adj.

男孩的，男孩似的

孩子气的；孩子般的

男孩所特有的

boyishly

adv.

少年地,稚气地

boyish *

1. boyish
If you describe a man as boyish , you mean that he is like a boy in his appearance or behaviour, and you find this characteristic quite attractive.

- She was relieved to see his face light up with a boyish grin.

- He loves to learn, and has a boyish enthusiasm for life.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval
= youthful

2. boyishly

- John grinned boyishly.

ADV-GRADED

3. boyish
If you describe a girl or woman as boyish , you mean that she looks like a boy, for example because she has short hair or small breasts.

- ...her tall, boyish figure.

ADJ-GRADED

boyish

adjective

youthful

adolescent

childish

immature

juvenile

puerile

young

boy racer

boy racer boy racers
British journalists sometimes refer to young men who drive very fast, especially in expensive and powerful cars, as boy racers .

- Bad driving is not just the preserve of boy racers.

- Car manufacturers must stop pandering to the boy racers' fantasies about power and speed.

N-COUNT disapproval

Boy Scout

1. Boy Scout
The Boy Scouts is an organization for boys which teaches them discipline and practical skills.

- He's in the Boy Scouts.

N-PROPER-COLL: the N also boy scout .
= Scouts

2. Boy Scout Boy Scouts
A Boy Scout is a boy who is a member of the Boy Scouts.
N-COUNT also boy scout .
= Scout

bozo

[D.J.:ˈbəuzəu]

[K.K.:ˈbozo]

n.

〈美俚〉家伙,(尤指四肢发达,头脑简单的)大汉

bozo

bozo bozos
If you say that someone is a bozo , you mean that you think they are stupid. (INFORMAL)

- He makes `em look like bozos.

N-COUNT disapproval
= idiot

Br

abbr.

British 英国的

Br

abbr.

British 英国的

Br. **

Br.
Br. is a written abbreviation for British .

bra

[D.J.:br ɑ:]

[K.K.:br ɑ]

n.

<美>奶罩

bra *

bra bras
A bra is a piece of underwear that women wear to support their breasts.
N-COUNT
= brassiere

brace

[D.J.:breis]

[K.K.:bres]

vt.

支住, 撑牢, 使绷紧

使自己站稳, 振作起来

n.

托架, 支架

braced

[breist]

adj.

拉牢的

braces

n.

吊带;背带

bracing

[D.J.:ˈbreɪsɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbresɪŋ]

adj.

令人振奋的,使人心旷神怡的

n.

紧固(或支撑)装置

支撑

brace **

1. brace braces bracing braced
If you brace yourself for something unpleasant or difficult, you prepare yourself for it.

- He braced himself for the icy plunge into the black water.

- She braced herself, as if to meet a blow.

VB

2. brace braces bracing braced
If you brace yourself against something or brace part of your body against it, you press against something in order to steady your body or to avoid falling.

- Elaine braced herself against the dresser and looked in the mirror.

- He braced his back against the wall.

VB

3. brace braces bracing braced
If you brace your shoulders or knees, you keep them stiffly in a particular position.

- He braced his shoulders defiantly as another squall of wet snow slashed across his face.

VB

4. brace braces bracing braced
To brace something means to strengthen or support it with something else.

- Overhead, the lights showed the old timbers, used to brace the roof.

VB

5. brace brace
You can refer to two things of the same kind as a brace of that thing. The plural form is also brace .

- ...a brace of bottles of Mercier Rose champagne.

- ...a few brace of grouse.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

6. brace braces
A brace is a device attached to a part of a person's body, for example to a weak leg, in order to strengthen or support it.

- He wore leg braces after polio in childhood.

- She wears a neck brace.

N-COUNT: oft n N
= support

7. brace braces
A brace is a metal device that can be fastened to a child's teeth in order to help them grow straight.
N-COUNT

8. brace braces
Braces are a pair of straps that pass over your shoulders and fasten to your trousers at the front and back in order to stop them from falling down. (BRIT; in AM use suspenders )
N-PLURAL

9. brace braces
Braces or curly braces are a pair of written marks that you place around words, numbers, or parts of a computer code, for example to indicate that they are connected in some way or are separate from other parts of the writing or code. (AM; in BRIT usually use curly brackets )
N-COUNT

bracing

bracing
If you describe something, especially a place, climate, or activity as bracing , you mean that it makes you feel fresh and full of energy.

- ...a bracing walk.

ADJ-GRADED
= invigorating

brace

noun

1.

support

bolster

bracket

buttress

prop

reinforcement

stay

strut

truss

verb

2.

support

bolster

buttress

fortify

reinforce

steady

strengthen

bracing

adjective

refreshing

brisk

crisp

exhilarating

fresh

invigorating

stimulating

bracelet

[D.J.:ˈbreislit]

[K.K.:ˈbreslɪt]

n.

手镯, 臂镯

bracelet *

bracelet bracelets
A bracelet is a chain or band, usually made of metal, which you wear around your wrist as jewellery.
N-COUNT

bracken

[D.J.:ˈbrækən]

[K.K.:ˈbrækən]

n.

欧洲蕨

bracken

bracken
Bracken is a large plant with leaves that are divided into many thin sections. It grows on hills and in woods.
N-UNCOUNT

bracket

[D.J.:ˈbrækit]

[K.K.:ˈbrækɪt]

n.

括弧

等级, 类别层次

壁架, 托架

vt.

把…括在括弧内

把…归为一类

bracketed

相等的

bracketing

[ˈbrækitiŋ]

n.

托架[座]

bracket *

1. bracket brackets
If you say that someone or something is in a particular bracket , you mean that they come within a particular range, for example a range of incomes, ages, or prices.

- ...a 33% top tax rate on everyone in these high-income brackets...

- Do you fall outside that age bracket?

N-COUNT: usu n N

2. bracket brackets
Brackets are pieces of metal, wood, or plastic that are fastened to a wall in order to support something such as a shelf.

- Fix the beam with the brackets and screws.

- ...adjustable wall brackets.

N-COUNT

3. bracket brackets bracketing bracketed
If two or more people or things are bracketed together, they are considered to be similar or related in some way.

- The Magi, Bramins, and Druids were bracketed together as men of wisdom.

- Austrian wine styles are often bracketed with those of northern Germany.

VB
= categorized

4. bracket brackets
Brackets are a pair of written marks that you place round a word, expression, or sentence in order to indicate that you are giving extra information. In British English, curved marks like these are also called brackets , but in American English, they are called parentheses .

- The prices in brackets are special rates for the under 18s.

- My annotations appear in square brackets.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft in N
= parenthesis

5. bracket brackets
Brackets are pair of marks that are placed around a series of symbols in a mathematical expression to indicate that those symbols function as one item within the expression.
N-COUNT: usu pl

brackish

[D.J.:ˈbrækiʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbrækɪʃ]

adj.

有盐味的,可厌的

brackish

brackish
Brackish water is slightly salty and unpleasant.

- ...shallow pools of brackish water.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

brag

[D.J.:bræɡ]

[K.K.:bræɡ]

vt. & vi.

自夸, 吹嘘

brag *

brag brags bragging bragged
If you brag , you say in a very proud way that you have something or have done something.

- He's always bragging about his prowess as a cricketer.

- He'll probably go around bragging to his friends.

- The chairman never tires of bragging that he and Mr. McCormack are old friends.

VB disapproval
= boast

brag

verb

boast

blow one's own trumpet

bluster

crow

swagger

talk big slang

vaunt

Brahmin

[ˈbrɑ:min]

n.

婆罗门,教养好的人

Brahmin

Brahmin Brahmins
A Brahmin is a Hindu of the highest social rank.
N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) Brahman

braid

[D.J.:breɪd]

[K.K.:bred]

n.

发辫,辫子

穗带,镶边

辫带

vt.

把(头发)编成辫子;把…编成穗带

(用饰带等)镶缀

编织,编结

braided

[D.J.:ˈbreɪdɪd]

[K.K.:ˈbredɪd]

辫成辫子形的,辫成麻花状的

braiding

[D.J.:ˈbreidiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbredɪŋ]

n.

(总称)各种编缏带

编织物

braid *

1. braid
Braid is a narrow piece of decorated cloth or twisted threads, which is used to decorate clothes or curtains.

- ...a plum-coloured uniform with lots of gold braid.

N-UNCOUNT

2. braid braids braiding braided
If you braid hair or a group of threads, you twist three or more lengths of the hair or threads over and under each other to make one thick length. (AM; in BRIT use plait )

- She had almost finished braiding Louisa's hair.

- He pictured her with long black braided hair.

VB

3. braid braids
A braid is a length of hair which has been divided into three or more lengths and then braided. (AM; in BRIT use plait )
N-COUNT

braided

braided
A piece of clothing that is braided is decorated with braid.
ADJ

braid

verb

interweave

entwine

interlace

intertwine

lace

plait

twine

weave

Braille

[D.J.:breil]

[K.K.:brel]

n.

盲人用点字法

vt.

用盲字印

Braille

Braille
Braille is a system of printing for blind people. The letters are printed as groups of raised dots that you can feel with your fingers.
N-UNCOUNT

brain

[D.J.:brein]

[K.K.:bren]

n.

脑, 脑髓

智慧, 智力

brained

[D.J.:breɪnd]

[K.K.:brend]

adj.

有头脑的, 有思想的

brains

n.

智力,脑髓

brain ****

1. brain brains
Your brain is the organ inside your head that controls your body's activities and enables you to think and to feel things such as heat and pain.

- Her father died of a brain tumour.

N-COUNT

2. brain brains
Your brain is your mind and the way that you think.

- Once you stop using your brain you soon go stale.

- Stretch your brain with this puzzle.

N-COUNT: usu poss N
= mind intellect

3. brain brains
If someone has brains or a good brain , they have the ability to learn and understand things quickly, to solve problems, and to make good decisions.

- They were not the only ones to have brains and ambition.

- I had a good brain and the teachers liked me.

N-COUNT

4. brain brains
If someone is the brains behind an idea or an organization, he or she had that idea or makes the important decisions about how that organization is managed. (INFORMAL)

- Mr White was the brains behind the scheme.

- Some investigators regarded her as the brains of the gang.

N-COUNT: usu pl, the N behind/of n

5. brain brains braining brained
To brain someone means to hit them forcefully on the head. (INFORMAL)

- He had threatened to brain him then and there.

VB

6. brain
To beat someone's brains out or bash their brains in means to hit their head very hard, so that they are badly injured or killed. (INFORMAL)

- They stood over him with clubs raised as if to beat his brains out.

PHR: V inflects

7. brain
To blow someone's brains out means to shoot them in the head, killing them. (INFORMAL)

- Give me all your money or I'll blow your brains out.

- He blew his brains out with a shotgun.

PHR: V inflects

8. brain
If someone has something on the brain , they keep thinking about it. (INFORMAL)

- You've had chess on the brain since you were little.

PHR: V inflects

9. brain
If you pick someone's brains , you ask them to help you with a problem because they know more about the subject than you. (INFORMAL)

- Why should a successful company allow another firm to pick its brains?

PHR: V inflects

brains

plural noun

intelligence

intellect

sense

understanding

brainchild

[D.J.:ˈbreɪnˌtʃaɪld]

[K.K.:ˈbrenˌtʃaɪld]

n.

某人的发明或主意

brainchild *

brainchild
Someone's brainchild is an idea or invention that they have thought up or created.

- The record was the brainchild of rock star Bob Geldof.

N-SING: with poss also brain-child .

brain damage

brain damage
If someone suffers brain damage , their brain is damaged by an illness or injury so that they cannot function normally.

- He suffered severe brain damage after a motorbike accident.

N-UNCOUNT

brain-damaged

brain-damaged
Someone who is brain-damaged has suffered brain damage.

- The accident left the boy severely brain-damaged and almost totally reliant on others.

ADJ-GRADED

brain dead

1. brain dead
If someone is declared brain dead , they have suffered brain death.
ADJ

2. brain dead
If you say that someone is brain dead , you are saying in a cruel way that you think they are very stupid.
ADJ-GRADED disapproval

brain death

brain death
Brain death occurs when someone's brain stops functioning, even though their heart may be kept beating using a machine.
N-UNCOUNT

brain drain

brain drain
When people talk about a brain drain , they are referring to the movement of a large number of scientists or academics away from their own country to other countries where the conditions and salaries are better.
N-SING

-brained

-brained
You can combine -brained with nouns to form adjectives which describe the quality of someone's mind when you consider that person to be rather stupid.

- ...our refined but slightly feather-brained hostess.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED disapproval
See also hare-brained .

brainless

[D.J.:ˈbreinlis]

[K.K.:ˈbrenlɪs]

adj.

无头脑的,愚笨的

brainless

brainless
If you describe someone or something as brainless , you mean that you think they are stupid.

- I got treated as if I was a bit brainless.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= stupid

brainless

adjective

stupid

foolish

idiotic

inane

mindless

senseless

thoughtless

witless

brainpower

[D.J.:ˈbreɪnˌpaʊə]

[K.K.:ˈbrenˌpaʊɚ]

n.

智能,智囊,智囊团

brainpower

1. brainpower
Brainpower is intelligence or the ability to think. (JOURNALISM)

- Ginseng boosts your brainpower and makes you feel good.

N-UNCOUNT

2. brainpower
You can refer to the intelligent people in an organization or country as its brainpower . (JOURNALISM)

- Scientists are, by definition, the creme de la creme of a country's brainpower.

N-UNCOUNT

brainstorm

[D.J.:ˈbreɪnˌstɔ:m]

[K.K.:ˈbrenˌstɔrm]

n.

<英><非正> 脑猝病,(短暂的)突发性精神错乱

计上心头,灵机一动;突来的灵感

集体研讨;集思广益

vt.

集中各人智慧猛攻

brainstorming

[D.J.:ˈbreɪnˌstɔ:mɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbrenˌstɔrmɪŋ]

群策群力/脑力激荡法

brainstorming

[D.J.:ˈbreinˌstɔ:miŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbrenˌstɔrmɪŋ]

n.

自由讨论;发表独创[创造]性意见;智力爆发

brainstorm

1. brainstorm brainstorms
If you have a brainstorm , you suddenly become unable to think clearly. (BRIT)

- I can have a brainstorm and be very extravagant.

N-COUNT

2. brainstorm brainstorms
If you have a brainstorm , you suddenly have a clever idea. (AM; in BRIT usually use brainwave )

- `Look,' she said, getting a brainstorm, `Why don't you invite them here?'

N-COUNT
= brainwave

3. brainstorm brainstorms brainstorming brainstormed
If a group of people brainstorm , they have a meeting in which they all put forward as many ideas and suggestions as they can think of.

- The women meet twice a month to brainstorm and set business goals for each other.

- We can brainstorm a list of the most influential individuals in the company.

VB

4. brainstorming

- Le Shuttle was chosen after hundreds of other ideas had been tried and discarded during two years of brainstorming.

N-UNCOUNT

brain teaser

brain teaser brain teasers
A brain teaser is a question, problem, or puzzle that is difficult to answer or solve, but is not serious or important.
N-COUNT also brain-teaser .
= puzzle riddle

brainwash

[D.J.:ˈbreɪnˌwɔʃ, -ˌwɔ:ʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbrenˌwɑʃ, -ˌwɔʃ]

vt.

<贬>对…进行洗脑,把某种思想强加于,通过宣传灌输说服

n.

洗脑

brainwashing

n.

brainwashing

[D.J.:ˈbreinˌwɔʃiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbrenˌwɑʃɪŋ, -ˌwɔʃɪŋ]

n.

洗脑

brainwash

brainwash brainwashes brainwashing brainwashed
If you brainwash someone, you force them to believe something by continually telling them that it is true, and preventing them from thinking about it properly.

- They brainwash people into giving up all their money.

- I'd been brainwashed into believing I was worthless.

- We were brainwashed to believe we were all equal.

VB

brainwave

n.

脑波,灵机

brainwave

1. brainwave brainwaves
If you have a brainwave , you suddenly have a clever idea. (BRIT; in AM usually use brainstorm )

- In 1980 she had a brainwave that changed her life.

N-COUNT

2. brainwave brainwaves
Brainwaves are electrical signals produced by the brain which can be recorded and measured.

- His brainwaves were constantly monitored.

N-PLURAL

brainwave

noun

idea

bright idea

stroke of genius

thought

brainy

[D.J.:ˈbreini]

[K.K.:ˈbreni]

adj.

有头脑的,聪明的,多智的

brainy

brainy brainier brainiest
Someone who is brainy is clever and good at learning. (INFORMAL)

- I don't class myself as being very intelligent or brainy.

ADJ-GRADED
= clever

brainy

adjective Informal

intelligent

bright

brilliant

clever

smart

braise

[D.J.:breiz]

[K.K.:brez]

vt.

炖, 焖

braised

炖熟的,焖熟的,用文火炖到全熟的

braise

braise braises braising braised
When you braise meat or a vegetable, you fry it quickly and then cook it slowly in a covered dish with a small amount of liquid.

- I braised some beans to accompany a shoulder of lamb.

- ...braised cabbage.

VB

brake

[D.J.:breik]

[K.K.:brek]

n.

制动器; 闸; 刹车

vt. & vi.

刹(车)

braking

[D.J.:ˈbreikiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbrekɪŋ]

n.

刹车,制动,(用闸)减速

brake **

1. brake brakes
Brakes are devices in a vehicle that make it go slower or stop.

- The brakes began locking.

- A seagull swooped down in front of her car, causing her to slam on the brakes.

N-COUNT

2. brake brakes braking braked
When a vehicle or its driver brakes , or when a driver brakes a vehicle, the driver makes it slow down or stop by using the brakes.

- He heard tires squeal as the car braked to avoid a collision.

- She braked sharply to avoid another car.

- He lit a cigarette and braked the car slightly.

- She braked to a halt and switched off.

VB

3. brake brakes
You can use brake in a number of expressions to indicate that something has slowed down or stopped.

- Illness had put a brake on his progress.

- You can take the financial brakes off in June.

N-COUNT

brake

noun

1.

control

check

constraint

curb

rein

restraint

verb

2.

slow

check

decelerate

halt

moderate

reduce speed

slacken

stop

bramble

[D.J.:ˈbræmbl]

[K.K.:ˈbræmbəl]

n.

荆棘

bramble

bramble brambles
Brambles are wild prickly bushes that produce blackberries.

- I became caught in the brambles.

N-COUNT: usu pl

bran

[D.J.:bræn]

[K.K.:bræn]

n.

糠

bran *

bran
Bran is the outer skin of grain that is left when the grain has been used to make flour.

- ...oat bran...

- Fresh fruits and vegetables are important and so is bran.

N-UNCOUNT

branch

[D.J.:brɑ:ntʃ]

[K.K.:bræntʃ]

n.

树枝, 枝条

分支, 分科, 分系

vi.

出枝

分岔

branch ***

1. branch branches
The branches of a tree are the parts that grow out from its trunk and have leaves, flowers, or fruit growing on them.
N-COUNT

2. branch branches
A branch of a business or other organization is one of the offices, shops, or groups which belong to it and which are located in different places.

- The local branch of Bank of America is handling the accounts.

- National is Britain's leading autocare service with over 400 branches nationwide.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

3. branch branches
A branch of an organization such as the government or the police force is a department that has a particular function.

- Senate employees could take their employment grievances to another branch of government.

- He had a fascination for submarines and joined this branch of the service.

- ...the Metropolitan Police Special Branch.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n, adj N

4. branch branches
A branch of a subject is a part or type of it.

- Whole branches of science may not receive any grants.

- ...an experimental branch of naturopathic medicine.

N-COUNT: N of n

5. branch branches
A branch of your family is a group of its members who are descended from one particular person.

- This is one of the branches of the Roosevelt family.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

branch

noun

1.

bough

arm

limb

offshoot

shoot

spray

sprig

2.

division

chapter

department

office

part

section

subdivision

subsection

wing

branch off ***

branch off branches off; branching off; branched off
A road or path that branches off from another one starts from it and goes in a slightly different direction. If you branch off somewhere, you change the direction in which you are going.

- After a few miles, a small road branched off to the right.

- She branched off down the earth track.

PHR-V

branch out ***

branch out branches out; branching out; branched out
If a person or an organization branches out , they do something that is different from their normal activities or work.

- I continued studying moths, and branched out to other insects.

- ASEAN has branched out tentatively into the security business.

PHR-V

branch line

branch line branch lines
A branch line is a railway line that goes to small towns rather than one that goes between large cities.
N-COUNT

brand

[D.J.:brænd]

[K.K.:brænd]

n.

商标, 牌子

烙印

vt.

打烙印于, 以烙铁打

加污名于, 谴责

branded

打有烙印的

branding

打烙印

brand ***

1. brand brands
A brand of a product is the version of it that is made by one particular manufacturer.

- Winston is a brand of cigarette.

- I bought one of the leading brands.

- ...a supermarket's own brand.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, adj N
= make

2. brand brands
A brand of something such as a way of thinking or behaving is a particular kind of it.

- The British brand of socialism was more interested in reform than revolution.

N-COUNT: N of n
= strain

3. brand brands branding branded
If someone is branded as something bad, people think they are that thing.

- I was instantly branded as a rebel.

- The company has been branded racist by some of its own staff.

- The US administration recently branded him a war criminal.

VB
= label

4. brand brands branding branded
When you brand an animal, you put a permanent mark on its skin in order to show who it belongs to, usually by burning a mark onto its skin.

- The owner couldn't be bothered to brand the cattle.

VB

5. brand brands
Also a noun.

- A brand was a mark of ownership burned into the hide of an animal with a hot iron.

N-COUNT

6. brand brands
A brand is a permanent mark on the skin of an animal, which shows who it belongs to.
N-COUNT

branded

branded
A branded product is one which is made by a well-known manufacturer and has the manufacturer's label on it. (BRIT; in AM use brand-name product )

- Supermarket lines are often cheaper than branded goods.

ADJ: ADJ n

brand

noun

1.

label

emblem

hallmark

logo

mark

marker

sign

stamp

symbol

trademark

2.

kind

cast

class

grade

make

quality

sort

species

type

variety

verb

3.

mark

burn

burn in

label

scar

stamp

4.

stigmatize

censure

denounce

discredit

disgrace

expose

mark

brandish

[D.J.:ˈbrændɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbrændɪʃ]

vt.

挥舞

炫耀

n.

挥动,挥舞

brandish *

brandish brandishes brandishing brandished
If you brandish something, especially a weapon, you hold it in a threatening way.

- He appeared in the lounge brandishing a knife.

VB

brandish

verb

wave

display

exhibit

flaunt

flourish

parade

raise

shake

swing

wield

brand name *

brand name brand names
The brand name of a product is the name the manufacturer gives it and under which it is sold.

- Drugs can be sold under different brand names throughout the EC.

- When it comes to soft drinks Coca-Cola is the biggest selling brand name in Britain.

N-COUNT

brand-new

[D.J.:ˌbrændˈnju:]

[K.K.:ˈbrændˈnu, -ˈnju]

adj.

全新的, 崭新的

brand-new **

brand-new
A brand-new object is completely new.

- Yesterday he went off to buy himself a brand-new car.

ADJ

brandy

[D.J.:ˈbrændi]

[K.K.:ˈbrændi]

n.

白兰地酒

brandy *

1. brandy brandies
Brandy is a strong alcoholic drink. It is often drunk after a meal.
N-MASS

2. brandy brandies
A brandy is a glass of brandy.

- After a couple of brandies Michael started telling me his life story.

N-COUNT

brandy snap

brandy snap brandy snaps
Brandy snaps are very thin crisp biscuits in the shape of hollow cylinders. They are flavoured with ginger and are often filled with cream.
N-COUNT

brash

[D.J.:bræʃ]

[K.K.:bræʃ]

adj.

傲慢的, 无礼的;轻率的

易碎的；脆的

活跃的

n.

胃灼热

骤雨

碎片;残枝

brashly

adv.

胃灼热地,骤雨般地

brashness

[D.J.:ˈbræʃnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈbræʃnɪs]

n.

自以为是;莽撞无礼

brash *

1. brash brasher brashest
If you describe someone or their behaviour as brash , you disapprove of them because you think that they are too confident and aggressive.

- On stage she seems hard, brash and uncompromising.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. brashly

- I brashly announced to the group that NATO needed to be turned around.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. brashness

- He was a typical showman with a brashness bordering on arrogance.

N-UNCOUNT

brash

adjective

bold

brazen

cocky

impertinent

impudent

insolent

pushy informal

rude

brass

[D.J.:brɑ:s]

[K.K.:bræs]

n.

黄铜

铜管乐器; 铜管乐队

brasses

铜管乐器

brass **

1. brass
Brass is a yellow-coloured metal made from copper and zinc. It is used especially for making ornaments and musical instruments.

- The instrument is beautifully made in brass.

N-UNCOUNT

2. brass brasses
The brass is the section of an orchestra which consists of brass wind instruments such as trumpets and horns.

- He once again raised his baton and brought in the brass.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

3. brass brasses
Brasses are flat pieces of brass with writing or a picture cut into them, which are often found in churches.
N-COUNT
See also brass rubbing .

4. brass
In the army or in other organizations, the brass are the people in the highest positions. (INFORMAL) (AM; in BRIT use top brass )

- The brass are reluctant to fraternise with the enlisted men.

N-SING-COLL: also no det, oft with supp

5. brass
If you get down to brass tacks , you discuss the basic, most important facts of a situation.

- Angola's ruling party was due to get down to brass tacks today with a debate on the party's record.

PHR: V inflects

brass band

brass band brass bands
A brass band is a band that is made up of brass and percussion instruments.
N-COUNT

brasserie

[D.J.:ˈbræsəri:]

[K.K.:ˌbræsəˈri, bræsˈri]

n.

(以售啤酒为主的)餐馆

brasserie *

brasserie brasseries
A brasserie is a small and usually cheap restaurant or bar.
N-COUNT

brassica

[D.J.:ˈbræsɪkə]

[K.K.:ˈbræsɪkə]

n.

芸苔

brassica

brassica brassicas
Brassicas are vegetables such as cabbages, broccoli and turnips.
N-COUNT: oft N n

brassiere

[D.J.:ˈbræsiə]

[K.K.:brəˈzɪr]

n.

奶罩

brassiere

brassiere brassieres
A brassiere is the same as a bra . (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

brass rubbing

brass rubbing brass rubbings
A brass rubbing is a picture made by placing a piece of paper over a brass plate that has writing or a picture on it, and rubbing it with a wax crayon.
N-COUNT

brassy

[D.J.:ˈbrɑ:si]

[K.K.:ˈbræsi]

adj.

象黄铜的,厚脸皮的

n.

铜头高尔夫球棍

brassy

1. brassy brassier brassiest
Brassy music is bold, harsh, and loud.

- Musicians blast their brassy jazz from street corners.

ADJ-GRADED

2. brassy brassier brassiest
If you describe a woman's appearance or her behaviour as brassy , you think that she does not have good taste, and that she dresses or behaves in a way that is too loud or vulgar.

- ...Alec and his brassy blonde wife...

- Those ladies were brassy and busty, with pudgy fingers and painted eyes.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

3. brassy brassier brassiest
Something that is brassy has a yellow metallic colour and sometimes looks cheap.

- A woman with big brassy ear-rings.

ADJ-GRADED

brat

[D.J.:bræt]

[K.K.:bræt]

n.

调皮捣蛋的孩子

brat *

brat brats
If you call someone, especially a child, a brat , you mean that he or she behaves badly or annoys you. (INFORMAL)

- He's a spoilt brat.

N-COUNT disapproval

brat pack

brat pack brat packs
A brat pack is a group of young people, especially actors or writers, who are popular or successful at the moment. (JOURNALISM)

- ...the Hollywood Brat Pack.

N-COUNT

bravado

[D.J.:brəˈvɑ:dəʊ]

[K.K.:brəˈvɑdo]

n.

逞能,虚张声势

蛮干,冒险(性)，有勇无谋

bravado *

bravado
Bravado is an appearance of courage or confidence that someone shows in order to impress other people.

- `You won't get away with this,' he said with unexpected bravado.

N-UNCOUNT

bravado

noun

swagger

bluster

boastfulness

boasting

bombast

swashbuckling

vaunting

brave

[D.J.:breiv]

[K.K.:brev]

adj.

勇敢的, 大胆的

vt.

勇敢面对; 不怕; 不顾

bravely

[D.J.:ˈbreɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbrevlɪ]

adv.

勇敢地,英勇地

鲜艳地;华丽地

极好地;极成功地

braver

adj.

勇敢的

bravest

adj.

勇敢的

brave ***

1. brave braver bravest
Someone who is brave is willing to do things which are dangerous, and does not show fear in difficult or dangerous situations.

- He was not brave enough to report the loss of the documents.

- ...those brave people who dared to challenge the Stalinist regimes.

ADJ-GRADED
= courageous ≠ cowardly

2. bravely

- Our men wiped them out, but the enemy fought bravely and well.

- Mr Kim bravely stood up to authority.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj
= courageously

3. brave braves braving braved
If you brave unpleasant or dangerous conditions, you deliberately expose yourself to them, usually in order to achieve something. (WRITTEN)

- Thousands have braved icy rain to demonstrate their support.

VB

4. brave braves
A brave is a young Native American man, especially one who is good at fighting. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

5. brave
If someone is putting on a brave face or is putting a brave face on a difficult situation, they are pretending that they are happy or satisfied when they are not.

- He felt disappointed but he tried to put on a brave face.

- The White House tried to put a brave face on the job figures.

PHR: V inflects

brave

adjective

1.

courageous

bold

daring

fearless

heroic

intrepid

plucky

resolute

valiant

verb

2.

confront

defy

endure

face

stand up to

suffer

tackle

withstand

brave new world

brave new world
If someone refers to a brave new world , they are talking about a situation or system that has recently been created and that people think will be successful and fair.

- He belonged to a generation that took it for granted that after the war a brave new world was to be ushered in.

N-SING: usu N of n

bravery

[D.J.:ˈbreɪvəri:, ˈbreɪvri:]

[K.K.:ˈbrevəri, ˈbrevri]

n.

勇敢;勇气；勇敢的行为

华丽;华丽的衣服;壮观

bravery *

bravery
Bravery is brave behaviour or the quality of being brave.

- He deserves the highest praise for his bravery.

N-UNCOUNT
= courage ≠ cowardice

bravery

noun

courage

boldness

daring

fearlessness

fortitude

heroism

intrepidity

mettle

pluck

spirit

valour

bravo

[D.J.:ˈbrɑ:vəʊ, brɑ:ˈvəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈbrɑvo, brɑˈvo]

n.

(喝彩声、叫好声)好哇！干得好！

(受雇于人的)杀手；刺客；亡命徒

int.

好极了

vt.

向…喝彩叫好

bravo

bravo
Some people say ` bravo ' to express appreciation when someone has done something well. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- `Bravo, Rena! You're right,' the students said.

EXCLAM
= well done

bravura

[D.J.:brəˈvjuərə]

[K.K.:brəˈvʊrə, -ˈvjʊrə]

n.

大胜的尝试,勇气的举动(显示演奏家技艺的壮丽的乐段)

bravura

1. bravura
If you say that someone is doing something with bravura , you mean that they are using unnecessary extra actions that emphasize their skill or importance. (LITERARY)

- He launched with operatic bravura into what he thought was a live transmission.

N-UNCOUNT

2. bravura
A bravura performance or piece of work is done with bravura. (LITERARY)

- The scene was stolen by a bravura performance from Durham's scorer, Brian Hunt.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

brawl

[D.J.:brɔ:l]

[K.K.:brɔl]

n.

吵架, 打架

vi.

打架, 争吵

brawling

n.

争吵,喧嚷

brawl *

1. brawl brawls
A brawl is a rough or violent fight.

- He had been in a drunken street brawl.

N-COUNT
= punch-up

2. brawl brawls brawling brawled
If someone brawls , they fight in a very rough or violent way.

- He was suspended for a year from University after brawling with police over a speeding ticket.

- Two gangs of youths brawled on the dance floor of the ferry.

V-RECIP

3. brawling

- The brawling between the England fans and locals last night went on for several hours.

N-UNCOUNT

brawl

noun

1.

fight

affray Law

altercation

clash

dispute

fracas

fray

melee or mêl´ee

punch-up Brit. informal

rumpus

scuffle

skirmish

verb

2.

fight

scrap informal

scuffle

tussle

wrestle

brawn

[D.J.:brɔ:n]

[K.K.:brɔn]

n.

强壮的肌肉;强健的体力

膂力

腌煮的猪肉

brawn

1. brawn
Brawn is physical strength.

- He's got plenty of brains as well as brawn.

N-UNCOUNT
= muscle

2. brawn
Brawn is a kind of food made from pieces of pork and jelly pressed together so that it is solid and can be sliced. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

brawn

noun

muscle

beef informal

might

muscles

power

strength

vigour

brawny

[D.J.:ˈbrɔ:ni:]

[K.K.:ˈbrɔni]

adj.

<非正>健壮的;肌肉发达的

严重肿胀的

顽强的

brawny

brawny
Someone who is brawny is strong and has big muscles.

- Oscar turned out to be a brawny young man.

ADJ
= strapping

brawny

adjective

muscular

beefy informal

hefty informal

lusty

powerful

strapping

strong

sturdy

well-built

bray

[D.J.:breɪ]

[K.K.:bre]

n.

驴叫声,似驴叫的声音

(喇叭的)嘟嘟声

vi.

驴叫,发出驴叫似的声音

发嘟嘟声

粗声粗气地讲话(或大笑)

vt.

粗声粗气地说出

刺耳地发出

捣碎,碾细

搞垮

薄薄地涂

<英方>猛击；猛打

bray

1. bray brays braying brayed
When a donkey brays , it makes a loud harsh sound.

- The donkey brayed and tried to bolt.

VB

2. bray brays braying brayed
If someone brays , they make a loud harsh sound or talk in a loud harsh way. (WRITTEN)

- Neil brayed with angry laughter.

- Her voice was shockingly loud. `Put the chair down,' she brayed.

- William had a loud, braying voice.

VB

3. bray brays
Also a noun.

- She cut him off with a wild bray of laughter.

N-COUNT

brazen

[D.J.:ˈbreɪzən]

[K.K.:ˈbrezən]

adj.

无耻的,无礼的

黄铜制的；黄铜般的；黄铜色的

声音响亮刺耳的

坚硬的

vt.

使变得无耻

使变得勇敢

厚着脸皮做(或对待)

勇敢地做(或对待)

brazen out sth; brazen it out

厚着脸皮

brazenly

adv.

厚颜无耻地

brazenly

adv.

厚脸皮地

brazen *

1. brazen
If you describe a person or their behaviour as brazen , you mean that they are very bold and do not care what other people think about them or their behaviour.

- They're quite brazen about their bisexuality, it doesn't worry them.

ADJ-GRADED
= bare-faced

2. brazenly

- He was brazenly running a $400,000-a-month drug operation from the prison.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

brazen

adjective

bold

audacious

barefaced

brash

defiant

impudent

insolent

shameless

unabashed

unashamed

brazen out *

brazen out brazens out; brazening out; brazened out
If you have done something wrong and you brazen it out , you behave confidently in order not to appear ashamed, even though you probably do feel ashamed.

- If you are caught simply argue that `everyone does it' and brazen it out.

- Mr Archer is as determined as ever to brazen out the scandals which threaten to engulf him.

- Stung by recent publicity, the Home Office now seems to be trying to brazen this issue out.

PHR-V

brazier

[D.J.:ˈbreizjə]

[K.K.:ˈbreʒɚ]

n.

火盆,黄铜匠

brazier

1. brazier braziers
A brazier is a large metal container in which coal or charcoal is burned to keep people warm when they are outside in cold weather, for example because of their work.
N-COUNT

2. brazier braziers
A brazier is a grill that you use for cooking, usually with charcoal. (AM)
N-COUNT

Brazilian

[brəˈziliən]

n.

巴西人

adj.

巴西的

Brazilian ***

1. Brazilian
Brazilian means belonging or relating to Brazil, or to its people or culture.
ADJ

2. Brazilian Brazilians
A Brazilian is a person who comes from Brazil.
N-COUNT

breach

[D.J.:bri:tʃ]

[K.K.:britʃ]

n.

破坏, 违反

破裂, 不和

缺口, 裂口

vt.

攻破

破坏, 违反

breach **

1. breach breaches breaching breached
If you breach an agreement, a law, or a promise, you break it.

- The newspaper breached the code of conduct on privacy.

- The film breached the criminal libel laws.

VB
= violate

2. breach breaches
A breach of an agreement, a law, or a promise is an act of breaking it.

- The congressman was accused of a breach of secrecy rules.

- ...a $1 billion breach of contract suit.

N-VAR
= violation

3. breach breaches
A breach in a relationship is a serious disagreement which often results in the relationship ending. (FORMAL)

- Their actions threatened a serious breach in relations between the two countries.

- ...the breach between Tito and Stalin.

N-COUNT: usu N in/between n
= rift rupture

4. breach breaches breaching breached
If someone or something breaches a barrier, they make an opening in it, usually leaving it weakened or destroyed. (FORMAL)

- The limestone is sufficiently fissured for tree roots to have breached the roof of the cave.

- Fire may have breached the cargo tanks and set the oil ablaze.

VB
= rupture

5. breach breaches breaching breached
If you breach someone's security or their defences, you manage to get through and attack an area that is heavily guarded and protected.

- The bomber had breached security by hurling his dynamite from a roof overlooking the building.

VB
= violate

6. breach breaches
Also a noun.

- ...widespread breaches of security at Ministry of Defence bases.

N-COUNT

7. breach
If you step into the breach , you do a job or task which someone else was supposed to do or has done in the past, because they are suddenly unable to do it.

- I was persuaded to step into the breach temporarily when they became too ill to continue.

PHR: V inflects

breach

noun

1.

nonobservance

contravention

infraction

infringement

noncompliance

transgression

trespass

violation

2.

crack

cleft

fissure

gap

opening

rift

rupture

split

breach of the peace

breach of the peace breaches of the peace
A breach of the peace is noisy or violent behaviour in a public place which is illegal because it disturbs other people. (LEGAL)

- He admitted causing a breach of the peace.

- Four men were found guilty of breach of the peace.

N-VAR

bread

[D.J.:bred]

[K.K.:brɛd]

n.

面包

生计

breaded

adj.

涂面包屑后烹制的

bread ***

1. bread breads
Bread is a very common food made from flour, water, and yeast.

- ...a loaf of bread.

- ...bread and butter...

- There is more fibre in wholemeal bread than in white bread.

N-MASS
to know what side your bread is buttered on : see butter .

2. bread
If you earn your bread doing a particular job or activity, you earn your money doing it. (INFORMAL)

- There's not a living soul in Colorado who doesn't depend for his bread on silver.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

3. bread breads breading breaded
If food such as fish or meat is breaded , it is covered in tiny pieces of dry bread called breadcrumbs. It can then be fried or grilled.

- It is important that food be breaded just minutes before frying.

VB: usu passive

4. bread
breaded

- ...breaded fish.

ADJ

bread

noun

1.

food

fare

nourishment

sustenance

2.

money

cash

dough slang

bread and butter *

1. bread and butter
Something that is the bread and butter of a person or organization is the activity or work that provides the main part of their income.

- The mobile phone business was actually his bread and butter.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss also bread-and-butter .

2. bread and butter
Bread and butter issues or matters are ones which are important to most people, because they affect them personally.

- The opposition gained support by concentrating on bread-and-butter matters.

ADJ: ADJ n also bread-and-butter .

bread basket

bread basket bread baskets
If an area or region is described as the bread basket of a country, it provides a lot of the food for that country because crops grow very easily there. It therefore produces wealth for the country.

- ...Korioli, the bread basket of Somalia.

N-COUNT: usu with poss also breadbasket .

bread bin

bread bin bread bins
A bread bin is a wooden, metal, or plastic container for storing bread. (BRIT; in AM use breadbox )
N-COUNT

breadboard

[D.J.:ˈbredbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈbrɛdˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

擀面板,案板，电路试验板

breadboard

breadboard breadboards
A breadboard is a flat piece of wood used for cutting bread on.
N-COUNT also bread board .

breadbox

[D.J.:ˈbredbɔks]

[K.K.:ˈbrɛdˌbɑks]

n.

(存放面包或蛋糕等的)面包箱,面包盒

breadbox

breadbox breadboxes
A breadbox is the same as a bread bin . (AM)
N-COUNT also bread box .

breadcrumb

[D.J.:ˈbredkr ʌmb]

[K.K.:ˈbr ɛdkr ʌmb]

vt.

(烹调食物时)在…上覆以面包屑

breadcrumb *

breadcrumb breadcrumbs
Breadcrumbs are tiny pieces of dry bread. They are used in cooking.
N-COUNT: usu pl

breadfruit

[D.J.:ˈbredˌfru:t]

[K.K.:ˈbrɛdˌfrut]

n.

面包果树 面包果

breadfruit

breadfruit
Breadfruit are large round fruit that grow on trees in the Pacific Islands and in tropical parts of America and that, when baked, look and feel like bread.
N-VAR breadfruit is both the singular and the plural form

breadline

[D.J.:ˈbredˌlaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈbrɛdˌlaɪn]

n.

等候领救济食品的队伍

on the breadline

极为贫困

breadline

breadline
Someone who is on or close to the breadline is very poor indeed.

- We lived on the breadline to get our son through college.

- They're not exactly on the breadline.

N-SING: usu on the N

breadth

[D.J.:bredθ]

[K.K.:brɛdθ]

n.

宽度

宽广的程度, 范围

宽容, 宽宏大量

breadth *

1. breadth
The breadth of something is the distance between its two sides.

- The breadth of the whole camp was 400 paces.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= width

2. breadth
The breadth of something is its quality of consisting of or involving many different things.

- Older people have a tremendous breadth of experience.

- His breadth of knowledge filled me with admiration.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= range

3. breadth
If you say that someone does something or something happens throughout or across the length and breadth of a place, you are emphasizing that it happens everywhere in that place.

- The group built their reputation by playing across the length and breadth of North America.

- She has travelled the length and breadth of Britain.

PHR: PHR n emphasis
See also hair's breadth .

breadth

noun Slang

1.

width

broadness

latitude

span

spread

wideness

2.

extent

compass

expanse

range

scale

scope

breadwinner

[D.J.:ˈbredˌwɪnə]

[K.K.:ˈbrɛdˌwɪnɚ]

n.

养家糊口的人

breadwinner

breadwinner breadwinners
The breadwinner in a family is the person in it who earns the money that the family needs for essential things.

- I've always paid the bills and been the breadwinner.

N-COUNT also bread-winner .

break

[D.J.:breik]

[K.K.:brek]

vt. & vi.

打破, 折断, 弄坏

vt.

破坏, 违反

终止, 中断

透露, 说出

打破(纪录)

vi.

破晓, 突然出现

n.

裂口, 裂缝; 破裂

间歇, 中间休息

breaking

[D.J.:ˈbreikiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbrekɪŋ]

n.

破坏,阻断

breaks

地形突变

broke

[D.J.:brəʊk]

[K.K.:brok]

adj.

没有钱的;破了产的

go for broke

孤注一掷

if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it

不破就不修(如果某物还可以用就不要改变)

broken

[D.J.:ˈbrəukən]

[K.K.:ˈbrokən]

adj.

破碎的, 破裂的, 被打坏的

打断的, 中止的

被驯服的, 被制服的, 被打败的

break *****

1. break breaks breaking broke broken
When an object breaks or when you break it, it suddenly separates into two or more pieces, often because it has been hit or dropped.

- He fell through the window, breaking the glass.

- The plate broke.

- Break the cauliflower into florets.

- The plane broke into three pieces.

- ...bombed-out buildings, surrounded by broken glass and rubble...

- The only sound was the crackle of breaking ice.

V-ERG

2. break breaks breaking broke broken
If you break a part of your body such as your leg, your arm, or your nose, or if a bone breaks , you are injured because a bone cracks or splits.

- She broke a leg in a skiing accident.

- Old bones break easily.

- Several people were treated for broken bones.

V-ERG

3. break breaks
Also a noun.

- It has caused a bad break to Gabriella's leg.

N-COUNT

4. break breaks breaking broke broken
If a surface, cover, or seal breaks or if something breaks it, a hole or tear is made in it, so that a substance can pass through.

- Once you've broken the seal of a bottle there's no way you can put it back together again.

- The bandage must be put on when the blister breaks.

- Do not use the cream on broken skin.

V-ERG

5. break breaks breaking broke broken
When a tool or piece of machinery breaks or when you break it, it is damaged and no longer works.

- When the clutch broke, the car was locked into second gear.

- Tenants do not have to worry about leaking roofs and broken washing machines.

V-ERG

6. break breaks breaking broke broken
If you break a rule, promise, or agreement, you do something that you should not do according to that rule, promise, or agreement.

- We didn't know we were breaking the law.

- The company has consistently denied it had knowingly broken arms embargoes.

- ...broken promises.

VB

7. break breaks breaking broke broken
If you break free or loose, you free yourself from something or escape from it.

- She broke free by thrusting her elbow into his chest.

- ...his inability to break free of his marriage.

VB

8. break breaks breaking broke broken
If someone breaks something, especially a difficult or unpleasant situation that has existed for some time, they end it or change it.

- The Home Secretary aims to break the vicious circle between disadvantage and crime.

- New proposals have been put forward to break the deadlock among rival factions.

- The country is heading towards elections which may break the party's long hold on power.

VB

9. break breaks
Also a noun.

- Nothing that might lead to a break in the deadlock has been discussed yet.

N-COUNT: usu sing

10. break breaks breaking broke broken
If someone or something breaks a silence, they say something or make a noise after a long period of silence.

- Hugh broke the silence. `Is she always late?' he asked.

- The unearthly silence was broken by a shrill screaming.

VB

11. break breaks
If there is a break in the cloud or weather, it changes and there is a short period of sunshine or fine weather.

- A sudden break in the cloud allowed rescuers to spot Michael Benson.

N-COUNT

12. break breaks breaking broke broken
If you break with a group of people or a traditional way of doing things, or you break your connection with them, you stop being involved with that group or stop doing things in that way.

- In 1959, Akihito broke with imperial tradition by marrying a commoner.

- They were determined to break from precedent.

- They have yet to break the link with the trade unions.

VB

13. break breaks
Also a noun.

- Making a completely clean break with the past, the couple got rid of all their old furniture.

N-COUNT: usu sing

14. break breaks breaking broke broken
If you break a habit or if someone breaks you of it, you no longer have that habit.

- If you continue to smoke, keep trying to break the habit.

- The professor hoped to break the students of the habit of looking for easy answers.

VB

15. break breaks breaking broke broken
To break someone means to destroy their determination and courage, their success, or their career.

- He never let his jailers break him.

- The newspapers and television can make or break you.

- Ken's wife, Vicki, said: `He's a broken man.'

VB
= destroy

16. break breaks breaking broke broken
If someone breaks for a short period of time, they rest or change from what they are doing for a short period.

- They broke for lunch.

VB

17. break breaks
A break is a short period of time when you have a rest or a change from what you are doing, especially if you are working or if you are in a boring or unpleasant situation.

- They may be able to help with childcare so that you can have a break.

- I thought a 15 min break from his work would do him good.

- She rang Moira during a coffee break.

N-COUNT: oft N from/in n
See also lunch break , tea break .

18. break breaks
A break is a short holiday.

- They are currently taking a short break in Spain.

N-COUNT

19. break breaks breaking broke broken
If you break your journey somewhere, you stop there for a short time so that you can have a rest.

- Because of the heat we broke our journey at a small country hotel.

VB

20. break breaks breaking broke broken
To break the force of something such as a blow or fall means to weaken its effect, for example by getting in the way of it.

- He sustained serious neck injuries after he broke someone's fall.

VB

21. break breaks breaking broke broken
When a piece of news breaks , people hear about it from the newspapers, television, or radio.

- The news broke that the Prime Minister had resigned.

- He resigned from his post as Bishop when the scandal broke.

VB

22. break breaks breaking broke broken
When you break a piece of bad news to someone, you tell it to them as kindly as you can.

- Then Louise broke the news that she was leaving me.

- I worried for ages and decided that I had better break it to her.

VB

23. break breaks
A break is a lucky opportunity that someone gets to achieve something. (INFORMAL)

- He went into TV and got his first break playing opposite Sid James in the series 'Citizen James'.

N-COUNT

24. break breaks breaking broke broken
If you break a record, you beat the previous record for a particular achievement.

- Carl Lewis has broken the world record in the 100 metres.

- Jurassic Park has broken all box office records.

VB
See also record-breaking .

25. break breaks breaking broke broken
When day or dawn breaks , it starts to grow light after the night has ended.

- They continued the search as dawn broke.

VB
See also daybreak .

26. break breaks breaking broke broken
When a wave breaks , it passes its highest point and turns downwards, for example when it reaches the shore.

- Danny listened to the waves breaking against the shore.

VB

27. break breaks breaking broke broken
If you break a secret code, you work out how to understand it.

- It was feared they could break the Allies' codes.

VB
= crack

28. break breaks breaking broke broken
If someone's voice breaks when they are speaking, it changes its sound, for example because they are sad or afraid.

- Godfrey's voice broke, and halted.

VB

29. break breaks breaking broke broken
When a boy's voice breaks , it becomes deeper and sounds more like a man's voice.

- He sings with the strained discomfort of someone whose voice hasn't quite broken.

VB

30. break breaks breaking broke broken
If the weather breaks or a storm breaks , it suddenly becomes rainy or stormy after a period of sunshine.

- I've been waiting for the weather to break.

- She hoped she'd be able to reach the hotel before the storm broke.

VB

31. break breaks breaking broke broken
In tennis, if you break your opponent's serve, you win a game in which your opponent is serving.

- He broke McEnroe's serve.

VB

32. break breaks
Also a noun.

- A single break of serve settled the first two sets.

N-COUNT

33. break
The break of day or the break of dawn is the time when it begins to grow light after the night. (LITERARY)

- `I,' he finished poetically, `will watch over you to the break of day.'

PHR: prep PHR

34. break
You can say ` give me a break ' to show that you are annoyed by what someone has said or done. (INFORMAL)

- `I'm a real intellectual-type guy, Tracy,' James joked. `Oh, give me a break,' Tracy moaned.

CONVENTION feelings

35. break
If you make a break or make a break for it , you run to escape from something.

- The moment had come to make a break or die.

- Dan made a break for his car only to find the driver's door locked.

PHR: V inflects
= make a run for

broke *

1. broke
Broke is the past tense of break .

2. broke
If you are broke , you have no money. (INFORMAL)

- What do you mean, I've got enough money? I'm as broke as you are.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= skint

3. broke
If a company or person goes broke , they lose money and are unable to continue in business or to pay their debts. (INFORMAL)

- Balton went broke twice in his career.

PHR: V inflects
= go bankrupt go bust

4. broke
If you go for broke , you take the most extreme or risky of the possible courses of action in order to try and achieve success. (INFORMAL)

- It was a sharp disagreement about whether to go for broke or whether to compromise.

PHR: V inflects
≠ play safe

broken *

1. broken
Broken is the past participle of break .

2. broken
A broken line is not continuous but has gaps or spaces in it.

- A broken blue line means the course of a waterless valley.

ADJ: ADJ n
= dotted

3. broken
You can use broken to describe a marriage that has ended in divorce, or a home in which the parents of the family are divorced, when you think this is a sad or bad thing.

- She spoke for the first time about the traumas of a broken marriage.

- Children from broken homes are more likely to leave home before the age of 18.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

4. broken
If someone talks in broken English, for example, or in broken French, they speak slowly and make a lot of mistakes because they do not know the language very well.

- Eric could only respond in broken English.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ fluent perfect

break

verb

1.

separate

burst

crack

destroy

disintegrate

fracture

fragment

shatter

smash

snap

split

tear

2.

disobey

breach

contravene

disregard

infringe

renege on

transgress

violate

3.

reveal

announce

disclose

divulge

impart

inform

let out

make public

proclaim

tell

4.

stop

abandon

cut

discontinue

give up

interrupt

pause

rest

suspend

5.

weaken

demoralize

dispirit

subdue

tame

undermine

6.

beat

better

exceed

excel

go beyond

outdo

outstrip

surpass

top

noun

7.

division

crack

fissure

fracture

gap

hole

opening

split

tear

8.

rest

breather informal

hiatus

interlude

intermission

interruption

interval

let-up informal

lull

pause

respite

9.

stroke of luck

advantage

chance

fortune

opening

opportunity

broke

adjective Informal

penniless

bankrupt

bust informal

down and out

impoverished

insolvent

in the red

ruined

short

skint Brit. slang

broken

adjective

1.

smashed

burst

fractured

fragmented

ruptured

separated

severed

shattered

2.

interrupted

discontinuous

erratic

fragmentary

incomplete

intermittent

spasmodic

3.

not working

defective

imperfect

kaput informal

on the blink slang

out of order

4.

imperfect

disjointed

halting

hesitating

stammering

break away *****

1. break away breaks away; breaking away; broke away; broken away
If you break away from someone who is trying to hold you or catch you, you free yourself and run away.

- I broke away from him and rushed out into the hall.

- Willie Hamilton broke away early in the race.

PHR-V
= cut loose

2. break away breaks away; breaking away; broke away; broken away
If you break away from something or someone that restricts you or controls you, you succeed in freeing yourself from them.

- Aboriginal art has finally gained recognition and broken away from being labelled as `primitive' or `exotic'.

- The group broke away from the Labour Party in 1932.

PHR-V

break down *****

1. break down breaks down; breaking down; broke down; broken down
If a machine or a vehicle breaks down , it stops working.

- Their car broke down.

PHR-V

2. break down breaks down; breaking down; broke down; broken down
If a discussion, relationship, or system breaks down , it fails because of a problem or disagreement.

- Talks with business leaders broke down last night.

- Paola's marriage broke down.

PHR-V

3. break down breaks down; breaking down; broke down; broken down
To break down something such as an idea or statement means to separate it into smaller parts in order to make it easier to understand or deal with.

- The report breaks down the results region by region.

- These rules tell us how a sentence is broken down into phrases.

PHR-V

4. break down breaks down; breaking down; broke down; broken down
When a substance breaks down or when something breaks it down , a biological or chemical process causes it to separate into the substances which make it up.

- Over time, the protein in the eggshell breaks down into its constituent amino acids.

- The oil is attacked by naturally occurring microbes which break it down.

PHR-V-ERG

5. break down breaks down; breaking down; broke down; broken down
If someone breaks down , they lose control of themselves and start crying.

- Because he was being so kind and concerned, I broke down and cried.

- The young woman broke down in tears.

PHR-V

6. break down breaks down; breaking down; broke down; broken down
If you break down a door or barrier, you hit it so hard that it falls to the ground.

- An unruly mob broke down police barricades and stormed the courtroom.

- Firemen were called after his father failed to break the door down.

PHR-V

7. break down breaks down; breaking down; broke down; broken down
To break down barriers or prejudices that separate people or restrict their freedom means to change people's attitudes so that the barriers or prejudices no longer exist.

- His early experience enabled him to break down barriers between Scottish Catholics and Protestants.

PHR-V approval

break down

verb

1.

collapse

come unstuck

fail

seize up

stop

stop working

2.

be overcome

crack up informal

go to pieces

break in *****

1. break in breaks in; breaking in; broke in; broken in
If someone, usually a thief, breaks in , they get into a building by force.

- Masked robbers broke in and made off with $8,000.

- The thief had broken in through a first-floor window.

PHR-V
See also break-in .

2. break in breaks in; breaking in; broke in; broken in
If you break in on someone's conversation or activity, you interrupt them.

- O'Leary broke in on his thoughts.

- Mrs Southern listened keenly, occasionally breaking in with pertinent questions.

- `She told you to stay here,' Mike broke in.

PHR-V

3. break in breaks in; breaking in; broke in; broken in
If you break someone in , you get them used to a new job or situation.

- The band are breaking in a new backing vocalist.

PHR-V

4. break in breaks in; breaking in; broke in; broken in
If you break in something new, you gradually use or wear it for longer and longer periods until it is ready to be used or worn all the time.

- When breaking in an engine, you probably should refrain from high speed for the first thousand miles.

- Nathan's new running shoes weren't broken in correctly.

PHR-V

break into *****

1. break into breaks into; breaking into; broke into; broken into
If someone breaks into a building, they get into it by force.

- There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break into the house.

- In this country a house is broken into every 24 seconds.

PHR-V

2. break into breaks into; breaking into; broke into; broken into
If someone breaks into something they suddenly start doing it. For example if someone breaks into a run they suddenly start running, and if they break into song they suddenly start singing.

- The moment she was out of sight she broke into a run.

- Then, breaking into a smile, he said, `I brought you something.'

PHR-V

3. break into breaks into; breaking into; broke into; broken into
If you break into a profession or area of business, especially one that is difficult to succeed in, you manage to have some success in it.

- She finally broke into films after an acclaimed stage career.

PHR-V

break off *****

1. break off breaks off; breaking off; broke off; broken off
If part of something breaks off or if you break it off , it comes off or is removed by force.

- The two wings of the aircraft broke off on impact.

- Grace broke off a large piece of the clay.

- They've torn down wooden fences and broken branches off trees.

PHR-V-ERG

2. break off breaks off; breaking off; broke off; broken off
If you break off when you are doing or saying something, you suddenly stop doing it or saying it.

- Llewelyn broke off in mid-sentence.

- The commander of the German task force radioed that he was breaking off the action.

PHR-V

3. break off breaks off; breaking off; broke off; broken off
If someone breaks off a relationship, they end it.

- The two West African states had broken off relations two years ago.

- He doesn't seem to have the courage to break it off with her.

PHR-V-RECIP

break off

verb

1.

detach

divide

part

pull off

separate

sever

snap off

splinter

2.

stop

cease

desist

discontinue

end

finish

halt

pull the plug on

suspend

terminate

break out *****

1. break out breaks out; breaking out; broke out; broken out
If something such as war, fighting, or disease breaks out , it begins suddenly.

- He was 29 when war broke out.

- I was in a nightclub in Brixton and a fight broke out.

PHR-V

2. break out breaks out; breaking out; broke out; broken out
If a prisoner breaks out of a prison, they escape from it.

- The two men broke out of their cells and cut through a perimeter fence.

PHR-V
See also breakout .

3. break out breaks out; breaking out; broke out; broken out
If you break out of a dull situation or routine, you manage to change it or escape from it.

- It's taken a long time to break out of my own conventional training.

- If her marriage becomes too restrictive, she will break out and seek new horizons.

PHR-V

4. break out breaks out; breaking out; broke out; broken out
If you break out in a rash or a sweat, a rash or sweat appears on your skin.

- A person who is allergic to cashews may break out in a rash when he consumes these nuts.

- A line of sweat broke out on her forehead and she thought she might faint.

PHR-V

break out

verb

begin

appear

arise

commence

emerge

happen

occur

set in

spring up

start

break through *****

1. break through breaks through; breaking through; broke through; broken through
If you break through a barrier, you succeed in forcing your way through it.

- Protesters tried to break through a police cordon.

- About fifteen inmates broke through onto the roof.

PHR-V

2. break through breaks through; breaking through; broke through; broken through
If you break through , you achieve success even though there are difficulties and obstacles.

- There is still scope for new writers to break through.

- I broke through the poverty barrier and it was education that did it.

PHR-V

3. break through breaks through; breaking through; broke through; broken through
When something that was previously hidden or could not be seen breaks through , it appears.

- Despite everything, Elizabeth's human side keeps breaking through.

- Sunlight had broken through the clouds.

PHR-V

break up *****

1. break up breaks up; breaking up; broke up; broken up
When something breaks up or when you break it up , it separates or is divided into several smaller parts.

- Civil war could come if the country breaks up.

- There was a danger of the ship breaking up completely.

- Break up the chocolate and melt it.

- He broke the bread up into chunks and gave Meer a big one.

- Tanks are strongly built. It is a complicated and difficult process to break them up.

PHR-V-ERG

2. break up breaks up; breaking up; broke up; broken up
If you break up with your boyfriend, girlfriend, husband, or wife, your relationship with that person ends.

- My girlfriend had broken up with me.

- He felt appalled by the whole idea of marriage so we broke up.

PHR-V-RECIP
= split up

3. break up breaks up; breaking up; broke up; broken up
If a marriage breaks up or if someone breaks it up , the marriage ends and the partners separate.

- MPs say they work too hard and that is why so many of their marriages break up.

- Fred has given me no good reason for wanting to break up our marriage.

PHR-V-ERG

4. break up breaks up; breaking up; broke up; broken up
When a meeting or gathering breaks up or when someone breaks it up , it is brought to an end and the people involved in it leave.

- A neighbour asked for the music to be turned down and the party broke up.

- Police used tear gas to break up a demonstration.

- He charged into the crowd. `Break it up,' he shouted.

PHR-V-ERG
= disperse

5. break up breaks up; breaking up; broke up; broken up
When a school or the pupils in it break up , the school term ends and the pupils start their holidays. (BRIT)

- It's the last week before they break up, and they're doing all kinds of Christmas things.

PHR-V
≠ go back

6. break up breaks up; breaking up; broke up; broken up
If you say that someone is breaking up when you are speaking to them on a mobile telephone, you mean that you can only hear parts of what they are saying because the signal is interrupted.

- The line's gone; I think you're breaking up.

PHR-V

7. break up breaks up; breaking up; broke up; broken up
If something breaks someone up , it causes them to lose control and begin to laugh or cry.

- Kindness breaks me up; it makes me cry.

PHR-V

break up

verb

1.

separate

dissolve

divide

divorce

part

scatter

sever

split

2.

stop

adjourn

disband

dismantle

end

suspend

terminate

breakable

[D.J.:ˈbreikəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈbrekəbəl]

adj.

易碎的

breakables

[ˈbreikəbəlz]

n.

易碎物品

breakable

1. breakable
Breakable objects are easy to break by accident.

- My parents had a remarkable array of breakable objects.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. breakable breakables
Breakables are breakable objects.

- Keep any breakables out of reach of very young children.

N-PLURAL

breakable

adjective Informal

fragile

brittle

crumbly

delicate

flimsy

frail

frangible

friable

breakage

[D.J.:ˈbreikidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈbrekɪdʒ]

n.

破坏,破损,破损量

breakage

1. breakage breakages
Breakage is the act of breaking something.

- Brushing wet hair can cause stretching and breakage.

- Check that your insurance policy covers breakages and damage during removals.

N-VAR

2. breakage breakages
A breakage is something that has been broken.

- Check that everything is in good repair before moving in, as you have to replace breakages.

N-COUNT: usu pl

breakaway

[D.J.:ˈbreɪkəˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbrekəˌwe]

adj.

脱离的;分离出去的

n.

脱离了原来关系的人;脱离了整体的东西

脱离;背弃;戒除;摆脱

起跑前抢步

breakaway *

breakaway
A breakaway group is a group of people who have separated from a larger group, for example because of a disagreement.

- Sixteen members of Parliament have formed a breakaway group.

ADJ: ADJ n
= splinter group

breakdown

[D.J.:ˈbreikdaun]

[K.K.:ˈbrekˌdaʊn]

n.

损坏, 故障

垮台, 破裂

衰竭, 衰弱

统计分析

breakdown **

1. breakdown breakdowns
The breakdown of something such as a relationship, plan, or discussion is its failure or ending.

- ...the breakdown of trade talks between the US and EC officials.

- ...the irretrievable breakdown of a marriage...

- He argues that the breakdown in the legal system has spawned a black market.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of/in n
= collapse

2. breakdown breakdowns
If you have a breakdown , you become very depressed, so that you are unable to cope with your life.

- My personal life was terrible. My mother had died, and a couple of years later I had a breakdown.

- They often seem depressed and close to emotional breakdown.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft adj N
See also nervous breakdown .

3. breakdown breakdowns
If a car or a piece of machinery has a breakdown , it stops working.

- Her old car was unreliable, so the trip was plagued by breakdowns.

- If you stop on the hard shoulder, wait for the police or breakdown service.

N-COUNT

4. breakdown breakdowns
A breakdown of something is a list of its separate parts.

- The organisers were given a breakdown of the costs.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= analysis

breakdown

noun

collapse

disintegration

disruption

failure

mishap

stoppage

breaker

[D.J.:ˈbreikə]

[K.K.:ˈbrekɚ]

n.

碎浪花

breakers

浪花

breaker *

breaker breakers
Breakers are big sea waves, especially at the point when they just reach the shore.
N-COUNT
See also ice-breaker , law-breaker , record-breaker , strike-breaker .

breakfast

[D.J.:ˈbrekfəst]

[K.K.:ˈbrɛkfəst]

n.

早餐, 早饭

vi.

吃早餐

vt.

供给…早餐

breakfast ***

1. breakfast breakfasts
Breakfast is the first meal of the day. It is usually eaten in the early part of the morning.

- What's for breakfast?.

- ...breakfast cereal.

N-VAR
See also bed and breakfast , continental breakfast , English breakfast .

2. breakfast breakfasts
A cooked breakfast or a hot breakfast is a breakfast that consists of cooked food, such as bacon and eggs.
N-COUNT: adj N
≠ continental

3. breakfast breakfasts breakfasting breakfasted
When you breakfast , you have breakfast. (FORMAL)

- All the ladies breakfasted in their rooms.

VB

breakfast table

breakfast table breakfast tables
You refer to a table as the breakfast table when it is being used for breakfast.

- ...reading the morning papers at the breakfast table.

N-COUNT: usu sing, the N

breakfast television

breakfast television.
Breakfast television refers to television programmes which are broadcast in the morning at the time when most people are having breakfast. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

breakfast time

breakfast time
Breakfast time is the period of the morning when most people have their breakfast.

- By breakfast-time he was already at his desk.

N-UNCOUNT: oft prep N also breakfast-time .

break-in

[D.J.:ˈbreikin]

[K.K.:ˈbrekˌɪn]

n.

非法强行进入, 闯入

break-in **

break-in break-ins
If there has been a break-in , someone has got into a building by force.

- The break-in had occurred just before midnight.

N-COUNT
= burglary

break-in

noun

burglary

breaking and entering

robbery

breaking point

breaking point
If something or someone has reached breaking point , they have so many problems or difficulties that they can no longer cope with them, and may soon collapse or be unable to continue.

- The report on the riot exposed a prison system stretched to breaking point.

- Families round here are at breaking point. They have been on half wages since October.

- The breaking point came when he had to sack his deputy Prime Minister.

N-UNCOUNT: also the/a N

breakneck

[D.J.:ˈbreiknek]

[K.K.:ˈbrekˌnɛk]

adj.

要使颈骨折断似的,非常危险的

breakneck

breakneck
If you say that something happens or travels at breakneck speed, you mean that it happens or travels very fast.

- Jack drove to Mayfair at breakneck speed.

ADJ: ADJ n

breakout

[D.J.:ˈbreikaut]

[K.K.:ˈbrekˌaʊt]

n.

脱逃,越狱,突围

breakout

breakout breakouts
If there has been a break-out , someone has escaped from prison.

- A prisoner escaped one day after he was recaptured following a previous break-out.

- High Point prison had the highest number of breakouts of any jail in Britain.

N-COUNT also break-out .
= escape

breakthrough

[D.J.:ˈbreikˌθru:]

[K.K.:ˈbrekˌθru]

n.

突破点, 突破性进展, 重要的新发现

breakthrough **

breakthrough breakthroughs
A breakthrough is an important development or achievement.

- The company looks poised to make a significant breakthrough in China.

- The breakthrough came hours before a UN deadline.

N-COUNT: oft N in n

breakthrough

noun

development

advance

discovery

find

invention

leap

progress

quantum leap

step forward

break-up

解冻

break-up **

1. break-up break-ups
The break-up of a marriage, relationship, or association is the act of it finishing or coming to an end because the people involved decide that it is not working successfully.

- Since the break-up of his marriage he had not formed any new relationships.

- ...the acrimonious break-up of the meeting's first session.

- ...a marital break-up.

N-COUNT: usu N of n, n N also breakup .
= collapse

2. break-up break-ups
The break-up of an organization or a country is the act of it separating or dividing into several parts.

- ...the break-up of British Rail for privatisation...

- At no time did a majority of Czechoslavakia's citizens support the country's break-up.

N-COUNT: usu N of n also breakup .

breakwater

[D.J.:ˈbreɪkˌwɔ:tə, -ˌwɔtə]

[K.K.:ˈbrekˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ]

n.

防波堤

breakwater

breakwater breakwaters
A breakwater is a wooden or stone wall that extends from the shore into the sea and is built in order to protect a harbour or beach from the force of the waves.
N-COUNT

breast

[D.J.:brest]

[K.K.:brɛst]

n.

乳房

胸部, 胸膛

胸肉

breast ***

1. breast breasts
A woman's breasts are the two soft, round parts on her chest that can produce milk to feed a baby.

- She wears a low-cut dress which reveals her breasts.

- As my newborn cuddled at my breast, her tiny fingers stroked my skin.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

2. -breasted

- She was slim and muscular and full-breasted.

COMB in ADJ

3. breast breasts
A person's breast is the upper part of his or her chest. (LITERARY)

- He struck his breast, asking blessed Mary ever Virgin to pray for him.

N-COUNT: poss N

4. breast breasts
The breast is often considered to be the part of your body where your emotions are. (LITERARY)

- The verse rose up to fire his breast with inspiration.

- The battle roared; a sound calculated to arouse the sublimest emotions in the breast of the soldier.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= heart

5. breast breasts
A bird's breast is the front part of its body.

- The cock's breast is tinged with chestnut and narrowly barred with white.

N-COUNT
= chest

6. -breasted

- ...flocks of red-breasted parrots.

COMB in ADJ

7. breast
The breast of a shirt, jacket, or coat is the part which covers the top part of the chest.

- He moved out from beneath an awning, reaching for something inside the breast of his overcoat.

- He reached into his breast pocket for his cigar case.

N-SING: the N

8. breast breasts
A piece of breast is a piece of meat that is cut from the front of a bird or lamb.

- ...a chicken breast with vegetables.

- ...breast of lamb.

N-VAR

9. breast
If you say that someone beats their breast , you are emphasizing that they are very angry or upset about something, or that they are pretending to be very angry or upset about it.

- The president beat his breast and called that deal a mistake.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

10. breast
If you make a clean breast of something , you tell someone the truth about yourself or about something wrong that you have done.

- I might as well make a clean breast of it. I have been living as a woman since 1975.

PHR: V inflects
= own up

breast

noun

bosom

bust

chest

front

teat

udder

breastbone

[D.J.:ˈbrestbəun]

[K.K.:ˈbrɛstˌbon]

n.

胸骨

breastbone

breastbone breastbones
Your breastbone is the long, flat bone which goes from your throat to the bottom of your ribs and to which your ribs are attached.
N-COUNT also breast bone .
= sternum

breast-fed

[ˈbrestfed]

adj.

吃母奶的

breast-feed

v.

以母乳抚育,哺乳

breast-feed *

1. breast-feed breast-feeds breast-feeding breast-fed
When a woman breast-feeds her baby, she feeds it with milk from her breasts, rather than from a bottle.

- Not all women have the choice whether or not to breast feed their babies.

- Leading scientists claim breast-fed babies are intellectually brighter.

VB also breastfeed , breast feed .
= suckle

2. breast-feeding

- There are many advantages to breast feeding.

N-UNCOUNT

breast milk

breast milk
Breast milk is the white liquid produced by women to breast-feed their babies.
N-UNCOUNT also breast-milk .

breastplate

[D.J.:ˈbrestpleit]

[K.K.:ˈbrɛstˌplet]

n.

胸甲,胸革带,腹甲

breastplate

breastplate breastplates
A breastplate is a piece of armour that covers and protects the chest.
N-COUNT

breast pocket

breast pocket breast pockets
The breast pocket of a man's coat or jacket is a pocket, usually on the inside, next to his chest.

- I kept the list in my breast pocket.

N-COUNT: with poss

breaststroke

[D.J.:ˈbrestˌstrəuk]

[K.K.:ˈbrɛstˌstrok]

n.

蛙泳

breaststroke

breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming stroke which you do lying on your front, moving your arms and legs horizontally in a circular motion.
N-UNCOUNT: also the N

breath

[D.J.:breθ]

[K.K.:brɛθ]

n.

气息; 呼吸

(一次)呼吸, 一口气; 微风

breath ***

1. breath breaths
Your breath is the air that you let out through your mouth when you breathe. If someone has bad breath , their breath smells unpleasant.

- I could smell the whisky on his breath.

- Smoking causes bad breath.

N-VAR: oft poss N

2. breath breaths
When you take a breath , you breathe in once.

- He took a deep breath, and began to climb the stairs.

- Gasping for breath, she leaned against the door.

- He spoke for one and a half hours and barely paused for breath.

N-VAR

3. breath
If you say that there is not a breath of wind or air, you are emphasizing that there is no wind and the air is very still. (WRITTEN)

- Not even a breath of wind stirred the pine branches.

N-SING: usu with brd-neg, usu N of n emphasis

4. breath
A breath of something, is a small amount of it. (WRITTEN)

- It was left to Martina to add a breath of common sense to the proceedings.

N-SING: N of n

5. breath
If you go outside for a breath of fresh air or for a breath of air , you go outside because it is unpleasantly warm indoors.
PHR: breath inflects

6. breath
If you describe something new or different as a breath of fresh air , you mean that it makes a situation or subject more interesting or exciting.

- Her brisk treatment of an almost taboo subject was a breath of fresh air.

PHR: usu v-link PHR approval

7. breath
When you get your breath back after doing something energetic, you start breathing normally again. (BRIT)

- I reached out a hand to steady myself against the house while I got my breath back.

PHR: V inflects
= recover

8. breath
When you catch your breath while you are doing something energetic, you stop for a short time so that you can start breathing normally again.

- He had stopped to catch his breath and make sure of his directions.

PHR: V and N inflect
= recover

9. breath
If something makes you catch your breath , it makes you take a short breath of air, usually because it shocks you.

- Kenny caught his breath as Nikko nearly dropped the bottle.

PHR: V inflects
= gasp

10. breath
If you do not have time to draw breath , you do not have time to have a break from what you are doing.
PHR: V inflects, usu with brd-neg

11. breath
If you hold your breath , you make yourself stop breathing for a few moments, for example because you are under water.

- I held my breath and sank under the water.

PHR: V and N inflect

12. breath
If you say that someone is holding their breath , you mean that they are waiting anxiously or excitedly for something to happen. (WRITTEN)

- The whole world holds its breath for this speech.

PHR: V and N inflect, oft PHR for n

13. breath
If you say that you won't hold your breath , you mean that you do not expect something to happen even though someone has suggested that it might. (INFORMAL)

- `Next thing you know, I'll be dancing at your wedding,' he cried. `Don't hold your breath,' my father replied.

PHR: V and N inflect

14. breath
When someone takes their last breath , they die. (LITERARY)

- His wife sat with him until he drew his last breath.

PHR: usu poss PHR

15. breath
If you are out of breath , you are breathing very quickly and with difficulty because you have been doing something energetic.

- There she was, slightly out of breath from running.

PHR: v-link PHR

16. breath
You can use in the same breath or in the next breath to indicate that someone says two very different or contradictory things, especially when you are criticizing them.

- He hailed this week's arms agreement but in the same breath expressed suspicion about the motivations of the United States.

PHR: PHR cl disapproval

17. breath
If you are short of breath , you find it difficult to breathe properly, for example because you are ill. You can also say that someone suffers from shortness of breath .

- She felt short of breath and flushed.

- Any exercise that causes undue shortness of breath should be stopped.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

18. breath
If you say that something takes your breath away , you are emphasizing that it is extremely beautiful or surprising.

- I heard this song on the radio and it just took my breath away.

PHR: V inflects emphasis
= astound

19. breath
If you say something under your breath , you say it in a very quiet voice, often because you do not want other people to hear what you are saying.

- Walsh muttered something under his breath.

PHR: PHR after v

20. breath
If someone says you are wasting your breath , they mean that the person you are talking to will not take any notice and so there is no point saying anything to them.

- The tone of her voice told him he was wasting his breath.

PHR: V inflects

breath

noun

respiration

breathing

exhalation

gasp

gulp

inhalation

pant

wheeze

breathable

[D.J.:ˈbri:ðəbl]

[K.K.:ˈbriðəbəl]

adj.

(衣料)透气的

breathable

breathable
A breathable fabric allows air to pass through it easily, so that clothing made from it does not become too warm or uncomfortable.
ADJ

breathalyze

[ˈbreθəlaiz]

vt.

用呼吸测醉器对…作测醉试验

breathalyze

breathalyze breathalyzes breathalyzing breathalyzed
If the driver of a car is breathalyzed by the police, they ask him or her to breathe into a special bag or device in order to test whether he or she has drunk too much alcohol. (mainly BRIT)

- She was breathalysed and found to be over the limit.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also breathalyse

Breathalyzer

Breathalyzer Breathalyzers
A Breathalyzer is a bag or electronic device that the police use to test whether a driver has drunk too much alcohol. (TRADEMARK)
N-COUNT (BRIT) also Breathalyser

breathe

[D.J.:bri:ð]

[K.K.:brið]

vt. & vi.

呼吸

vt.

轻声说话; 低语

breathed

[D.J.:breθt,bri:ðd]

[K.K.:brɛθt]

adj.

无声的,有气的

breathing

[D.J.:ˈbri:ðɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbriðɪŋ]

n.

呼吸

(空气、花香等的)飘动；微风

短暂休息

adj.

呼吸着的；活的

栩栩如生的；逼真的

a breathing space

喘息的机会；短暂休息；停顿

breathe ***

1. breathe breathes breathing breathed
When people or animals breathe , they take air into their lungs and let it out again. When they breathe smoke or a particular kind of air, they take it into their lungs and let it out again as they breathe.

- He stood there breathing deeply and evenly.

- Always breathe through your nose.

- No American should have to drive out of town to breathe clean air.

- A thirteen year old girl is being treated after breathing in smoke.

VB
= respire

2. breathing

- Her breathing became slow and heavy.

- He heard only deep breathing.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

3. breathe breathes breathing breathed
If someone breathes something, they say it very quietly. (LITERARY)

- `You don't understand,' he breathed.

VB

4. breathe breathes breathed
If you do not breathe a word about something, you say nothing about it, because it is a secret.

- He never breathed a word about our conversation.

VB: with brd-neg, no cont

5. breathe breathes breathing breathed
If someone breathes life, confidence, or excitement into something, they improve it by adding this quality. (WRITTEN)

- It is the readers who breathe life into a newspaper with their letters.

VB
= instil

6. breathe breathes breathing breathed
If you let wine breathe , you open the bottle to allow the air to get in and improve its flavour before you drink it.

- Red wines should be allowed to `breathe' if possible before drinking.

VB

7. breathe
When someone breathes their last , they die. (LITERARY)
PHR: V inflects

breathe

verb

1.

inhale and exhale

draw in

gasp

gulp

pant

puff

respire

wheeze

2.

whisper

murmur

sigh

breathe in ***

breathe in breathes in; breathing in; breathed in
When you breathe in , you take some air into your lungs.

- She breathed in deeply.

PHR-V

breathe out ***

breathe out breathes out; breathing out; breathed out
When you breathe out , you send air out of your lungs through your nose or mouth.

- Breathe out and ease your knees in toward your chest.

PHR-V

breather

[D.J.:ˈbri:ðə]

[K.K.:ˈbriðɚ]

n.

短暂的休息时间

breather

breather breathers
If you take a breather , you stop what you are doing for a short time and have a rest. (INFORMAL)

- Relax and take a breather whenever you feel that you need one.

N-COUNT: usu sing

breather

noun Informal

rest

break

breathing space

halt

pause

recess

respite

breathing space *

breathing space breathing spaces
A breathing space is a short period of time between two activities in which you can recover from the first activity and prepare for the second one.

- Firms need a breathing space if they are to recover.

- We hope that it will give us some breathing space.

N-VAR
= respite

breathless

[D.J.:ˈbreθlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈbrɛθlɪs]

adj.

气喘吁吁的,呼吸困难的

使人屏息的

扣人心弦的,令人喘不过气的

呼吸停止的;死的

无风而沉闷的;闷气的

breathlessly

[D.J.:ˈbre θlɪslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbr ɛ θləslɪ]

adv.

气喘地;屏息地

breathlessness

气绝

breathless *

1. breathless
If you are breathless , you have difficulty in breathing properly, for example because you have been running or because you are afraid or excited.

- I was a little breathless and my heartbeat was bumpy and fast.

- We were breathless with anticipation.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

2. breathlessly

- `I'll go in,' he said breathlessly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. breathlessness

- Asthma causes wheezing and breathlessness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. breathless
You use breathless for emphasis when you are describing feelings of excitement or exciting situations.

- Technology has advanced at a breathless pace.

- ...the breathless excitement of early 1988, when hundreds and thousands of citizens gathered nightly for political meetings.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

5. breathlessly

- Nancy waited breathlessly for him to go on.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

breathless

adjective

1.

out of breath

gasping

gulping

panting

short-winded

spent

wheezing

2.

excited

eager

on tenterhooks

open-mouthed

with bated breath

breathtaking

[D.J.:ˈbreθˌteɪkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbrɛθˌtekɪŋ]

adj.

非常激动人心的,壮观的

惊人的；惊险的

使人透不过气来的

breathtaking *

1. breathtaking
If you say that something is breathtaking , you are emphasizing that it is extremely beautiful or amazing.

- The house has breathtaking views from every room.

- Some of their football was breathtaking, a delight to watch.

- He nevertheless completed the film with breathtaking speed.

ADJ-GRADED also breath-taking . emphasis

2. breathtakingly

- ...the most breathtakingly beautiful scenery in Germany.

- ...a breathtakingly simple gadget from Finland.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj, also ADV after v

breathtaking

adjective

amazing

astonishing

awe-inspiring

exciting

impressive

magnificent

sensational

stunning informal

thrilling

breath test

breath test breath tests
A breath test is a test carried out by police in which a driver blows into a piece of equipment to show how much alcohol he or she has drunk.

- We do need to do more than simply conduct random breath tests.

N-COUNT

breathy

[D.J.:ˈbreθi]

[K.K.:ˈbrɛθi]

adj.

带呼吸声的

breathy

breathy
If someone has a breathy voice, you can hear their breath when they speak or sing.

- Her voice was suddenly breathy.

ADJ

bred

[D.J.:bred]

[K.K.:brɛd]

(breed的过去式和过去分词)

breed

[D.J.:bri:d]

[K.K.:brid]

n.

种, 品种

vt. & vi.

生育; 繁殖

vt.

饲养, 培养

引起, 招致

breeding

[D.J.:ˈbri:dɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbridɪŋ]

n.

生育,生殖;繁殖

(动物的)饲养;(植物的)培植

教养(尤指行为或礼貌方面);训育

<核>增殖,再生

bred

bred
Bred is the past tense and past participle of breed .

breed ***

1. breed breeds
A breed of a pet animal or farm animal is a particular type of it. For example, terriers are a breed of dog.

- ...rare breeds of cattle...

- Certain breeds are more dangerous than others.

N-COUNT

2. breed breeds breeding bred
If you breed animals or plants, you keep them for the purpose of producing more animals or plants with particular qualities, in a controlled way.

- He lived alone, breeding horses and dogs.

- He used to breed dogs for the police.

- These dogs are bred to fight.

VB
See also cross-breed .

3. breeding

- There is potential for selective breeding for better yields.

N-UNCOUNT

4. breed breeds breeding bred
When animals breed , they have babies.

- Frogs will usually breed in any convenient pond.

- The area now attracts over 60 species of breeding birds.

VB

5. breeding

- During the breeding season the birds come ashore.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

6. breed breeds breeding bred
If you say that something breeds bad feeling or bad behaviour, you mean that it causes bad feeling or bad behaviour to develop.

- If they are unemployed it's bound to breed resentment.

- Reminding all concerned that violence breeds violence, they repeat their appeal for calm and restraint.

VB
= create

7. breed breeds
You can refer to someone or something as one of a particular breed of person or thing when you want to talk about what they are like.

- Sue is one of the new breed of British women squash players who are making a real impact.

- The new breed of walking holidays puts the emphasis on enjoyment, not endurance.

- I had found that rare breed of man who was not afraid of committing himself.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp
= strain

8. breed
Someone who was born and bred in a place was born there and grew up there.

- I was born and bred in the highlands.

- Born and bred in this country, he and his wife emigrated to Los Angeles after the war.

- A Londoner born and bred, she suspected that a month in the country would bore her to distraction.

PHR
familiarity breeds contempt : see familiarity .

breeding

breeding
If someone says that a person has breeding , they mean that they think the person is from a good social background and has good manners.

- It's a sign of good breeding to know the names of all your staff.

- ...men of low birth and no breeding.

N-UNCOUNT
See also breed .

breed

verb

1.

reproduce

bear

bring forth

hatch

multiply

procreate

produce

propagate

2.

bring up

cultivate

develop

nourish

nurture

raise

rear

3.

produce

arouse

bring about

cause

create

generate

give rise to

stir up

noun

4.

variety

pedigree

race

species

stock

strain

type

5.

kind

brand

sort

stamp

type

variety

breeding

noun

1.

upbringing

ancestry

cultivation

development

lineage

nurture

raising

rearing

reproduction

training

2.

refinement

conduct

courtesy

cultivation

culture

polish

sophistication

urbanity

breech

[D.J.:bri:tʃ]

[K.K.:britʃ]

n.

臀部

breeches

[D.J.:ˈbrɪtʃɪz, ˈbri:tʃɪz]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪtʃɪz, ˈbritʃɪz]

n.

短裤

马裤

too big for one’s breeches

妄自尊大,目中无人

breech

breech breeches
The breech of a gun is the part of the barrel at the back into which you load the bullets.
N-COUNT

breeches

breeches
Breeches are trousers which reach as far as your knees. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He wore a tweed jacket and riding breeches.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

breeder

[D.J.:ˈbri:də]

[K.K.:ˈbridɚ]

n.

(动物)饲者,种畜

breeder **

breeder breeders
Breeders are people who breed animals or plants.

- Her father was a well-known racehorse breeder.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
See also fast-breeder reactor .

breeding ground

1. breeding ground breeding grounds
If you refer to a situation or place as a breeding ground for something bad such as crime, you mean that this thing can easily develop in that situation or place.

- Flaws in the system have created a breeding ground for financial scandals.

- The current political turbulence represents the ideal breeding ground for this sort of collapse in consumer confidence.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp, usu N for n
= source

2. breeding ground breeding grounds
The breeding ground for a particular type of creature is the place where this creature breeds easily.

- Warm milk is the ideal breeding ground for bacteria.

N-COUNT: with supp

breeze

[D.J.:bri:z]

[K.K.:briz]

n.

微风, 轻风

vi.

吹微风

漫不经心地行动

breezing

发虚;不清晰

breeze **

1. breeze breezes
A breeze is a gentle wind.

- ...a cool summer breeze.

N-COUNT

2. breeze breezes breezing breezed
If you breeze into a place or a position, you enter it in a very casual or relaxed manner.

- Lopez breezed into the quarter-finals of the tournament.

- `Are you all right?' Francine asked as she breezed in with the mail.

VB

3. breeze breezes breezing breezed
If you breeze through something such as a game or test, you cope with it easily.

- John seems to breeze effortlessly through his many commitments at work.

VB

4. breeze
If you say that something is a breeze , you mean that it is very easy to do or to achieve. (INFORMAL)

- And after being an office manager for 20 people, handling my own tiny staff of three is a breeze!.

- Making the pastry is a breeze if you have a food processor.

N-SING: a N
= cinch

breeze

noun

1.

light wind

air

breath of wind

current of air

draught

gust

waft

zephyr

verb

2.

move briskly

flit

glide

hurry

pass

sail

sweep

breeze-block

n.

轻型建筑用砖

breeze-block

breeze-block breeze-blocks
A breeze-block is a large, grey brick made from ashes and cement. (BRIT; in AM use cinder block )
N-COUNT also breeze block .

breezily

[ˈbri:zili]

adv.

微风地,活泼轻松地

breezy

[D.J.:ˈbri:zi:]

[K.K.:ˈbrizi]

adj.

有微风的, 微风吹过的

活泼的, 轻松愉快的

breezy *

1. breezy
If you describe someone as breezy , you mean that they behave in a casual, cheerful, and confident manner.

- ...his bright and breezy personality...

- Mona tried to sound breezy.

ADJ-GRADED

2. breezily

- `Hi,' he said breezily.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. breezy
If you describe something as breezy , especially music or clothing, you mean that it is bright, lively, and cheerful. (JOURNALISM)

- This album is bright, breezy and playful.

ADJ-GRADED

4. breezy
When the weather is breezy , there is a fairly strong but pleasant wind blowing.

- The day was breezy and warm.

ADJ-GRADED

breezy

adjective

1.

windy

airy

blowy

blustery

fresh

gusty

squally

2.

carefree

blithe

casual

easy-going

free and easy

jaunty

light-hearted

lively

sprightly

brethren

[D.J.:ˈbreðrin]

[K.K.:ˈbrɛðrən]

n.

〈旧〉兄弟们, 同胞

brethren *

brethren
You can refer to the members of a particular organization or group, especially a religious group, as brethren . (OLD-FASHIONED)

- We must help our brethren, it is our duty.

- Sri Lankans share a common ancestry with their Indian brethren.

N-PLURAL: oft with poss

brevity

[D.J.:ˈbrevɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈbrɛvɪti]

n.

短暂

简洁

brevity

1. brevity
The brevity of something is the fact that it lasts for only a short time. (FORMAL)

- The bonus of this homely soup is the brevity of its cooking time.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

2. brevity
Brevity is the use of only a few words to say or write something rather than using more. (FORMAL)

- The brevity of the letter concerned me.

N-UNCOUNT

brevity

noun

1.

shortness

briefness

impermanence

transience

transitoriness

2.

conciseness

crispness

curtness

economy

pithiness

succinctness

terseness

brew

[D.J.:bru:]

[K.K.:bru]

vt. & vi.

调制, 酿造

酝酿, 图谋

n.

酿造物的种类; 酿造量

brewing

[ˈbru:iŋ]

n.

酿造

brew **

1. brew brews brewing brewed
If you brew tea or coffee, you make it by pouring hot water over tea leaves or ground coffee.

- I'll get Venner to brew some tea.

- He brewed a pot of coffee.

VB

2. brew brews
A brew is a particular kind of tea or coffee. It can also be a particular pot of tea or coffee.

- She swallowed a mouthful of the hot strong brew, and wiped her eyes.

- ...a mild herbal brew.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. brew brews brewing brewed
If a person or company brews beer, they make it.

- I brew my own beer.

- The beer is brewed at the Charles Wells Brewery.

VB

4. brewing

- ...the brewing of home-made alcohol.

N-UNCOUNT

5. brew brews
A brew is a particular kind of beer or beer that is produced in a particular place at a particular time.

- Britons still consume more than 29 million pints a day, ranging over 1,000 or more different brews.

- ...low-alcohol brews.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
See also home-brew .

6. brew brews brewing brewed
If a storm is brewing , large clouds are beginning to form and the sky is becoming dark because there is going to be a storm.

- We'd seen the storm brewing when we were out in the boat.

VB: usu cont

7. brew brews brewing brewed
If an unpleasant or difficult situation is brewing , it is starting to develop.

- At home a crisis was brewing.

- There's trouble brewing.

VB: usu cont

8. brew brews
A brew of several things is a mixture of those things.

- Most cities generate a complex brew of pollutants.

- ...a potent brew of smooth salesmanship and amateur psychiatry.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n

brew

verb

1.

make beer

boil

ferment

infuse tea

soak

steep

stew

2.

develop

foment

form

gather

start

stir up

noun

3.

drink

beverage

blend

concoction

infusion

liquor

mixture

preparation

brew up **

1. brew up brews up; brewing up; brewed up
If someone brews up or if they brew up some tea, they make tea by pouring hot water over tea leaves. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Brew up, Curly. We could all do with a cup of tea.

PHR-V

2. brew up brews up; brewing up; brewed up
If someone is brewing up an unpleasant situation or if an unpleasant situation is brewing up , it is starting to develop.

- I realized the extent of the trouble that Mary Morse was brewing up.

- There's another security scandal brewing up.

PHR-V-ERG: usu cont

brewer

[ˈbru:ə]

n.

啤酒制造者

brewer *

brewer brewers
Brewers are people or companies who make beer.
N-COUNT

brewery

[D.J.:ˈbru:əri:, ˈbrʊəri:]

[K.K.:ˈbruəri, ˈbrʊri]

n.

酿造厂,啤酒厂

brewery *

brewery breweries
A brewery is a place where beer is made.

- The Muller family have been making specialist beers at their brewery in Munster for 200 years.

N-COUNT

briar

[D.J.:ˈbraiə]

[K.K.:ˈbraɪɚ]

n.

石南

briar

briar briars
A briar is a wild rose with long, prickly stems.
N-COUNT

bribe

[D.J.:braib]

[K.K.:braɪb]

vt. & vi.

贿赂

n.

贿赂

bribe **

1. bribe bribes
A bribe is a sum of money or something valuable that one person offers or gives to another in order to persuade him or her to do something.

- He was being investigated for receiving bribes.

N-COUNT

2. bribe bribes bribing bribed
If someone bribes someone else, they give them a bribe.

- He was accused of bribing a senior bank official.

- The government bribed the workers to be quiet.

VB

bribe

verb

1.

buy off

corrupt

grease the palm or hand of slang

pay off informal

reward

suborn

noun

2.

inducement

allurement

backhander slang

enticement

kickback U.S.

pay-off informal

sweetener slang

bribery

[D.J.:ˈbraibəri]

[K.K.:ˈbraɪbəri]

n.

行贿,受贿,贿赂

bribery *

bribery
Bribery is the act of offering someone money or something valuable in order to persuade them to do something for you.

- He was jailed on charges of bribery.

- ...accusations of bribery and corruption.

N-UNCOUNT

bribery

noun

buying off

corruption

inducement

palm-greasing slang

payola informal

bric-a-brac

[D.J.:ˈbrikəbræk]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪkəˌbræk]

n.

小古董,小古玩

bric-a-brac

bric-a-brac
Bric-a-brac is a number of small ornamental objects of no great value.
N-UNCOUNT
= knick-knacks

bric-a-brac

noun

knick-knacks

baubles

curios

ornaments

trinkets

brick

[D.J.:brik]

[K.K.:brɪk]

n.

砖, 砖块

vt.

用砖砌, 用砖堵住

brick **

1. brick bricks
Bricks are rectangular blocks of baked clay used for building walls, which are usually red or brown. Brick is the material made up of these blocks.

- She built bookshelves out of bricks and planks.

- ...a tiny garden surrounded by high brick walls.

N-VAR

2. brick
If you say that someone is a brick , you mean that they have helped you or supported you when you were in a difficult situation. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- You were a brick, a real friend in need.

N-SING: a N
= pal mate

3. brick
If you are banging your head against a brick wall , what you are saying or doing is not having any effect although you keep saying or doing it. (INFORMAL)

- I wanted to sort out this problem with him, but it was like banging my head against a brick wall.

PHR: V inflects, usu cont

4. brick
If you hit a brick wall or come up against a brick wall , you are unable to continue or make progress because something stops you. (INFORMAL)

- After that my career just seemed to hit a brick wall.

- The discussions in Brussels hit a brick wall.

PHR: V inflects

5. brick
You can use bricks and mortar to refer to houses and other buildings, especially when they are considered as an investment.

- Paying rent simply helps to line the pockets of landlords. It's far better to put your money into bricks and mortar of your own.

- As an investment, bricks and mortar are not what they were.

PHR

brick up **

brick up bricks up; bricking up; bricked up
If you brick up a hole, you close it with a wall of bricks.

- We bricked up our windows.

- All the doors have been bricked up to deter vandals.

PHR-V

brickbat

[D.J.:ˈbrikbæt]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪkˌbæt]

n.

碎砖,砖片,不逊之言,批评的话,贬责话

brickbat

brickbat brickbats
Brickbats are very critical or insulting remarks which are made in public about someone or something.
N-COUNT: usu pl

brickie

[ˈbriki]

n.

砖瓦匠,泥瓦匠

brickie

brickie brickies
A brickie is the same as a bricklayer . (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= bricklayer

bricklayer

[D.J.:ˈbrikleiə]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪkˌleɚ]

n.

砖匠

bricklayer

bricklayer bricklayers
A bricklayer is a person whose job is to build walls using bricks.
N-COUNT

brickwork

[D.J.:ˈbrikwə:k]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪkˌwɚk]

n.

砌砖

brickwork

brickwork
You can refer to the bricks in the walls of a building as the brickwork .

- There were cracks in the brickwork.

N-UNCOUNT
= masonry

bridal

[D.J.:ˈbraidl]

[K.K.:ˈbraɪdl]

adj.

新婚的, 婚礼的

bridal *

bridal
Bridal is used to describe something that belongs or relates to a bride, or to both a bride and her bridegroom.

- She wore a floor length bridal gown.

- ...the bridal party.

ADJ: ADJ n
= wedding

bridal

adjective

matrimonial

conjugal

connubial

marital

marriage

nuptial

wedding

bride

[D.J.:braid]

[K.K.:braɪd]

n.

新娘

bride **

bride brides
A bride is a woman who is getting married or who has just got married.
N-COUNT

bridegroom

[D.J.:ˈbraɪdˌgru:m, -ˌgrʊm]

[K.K.:ˈbraɪdˌɡrum, -ˌɡrʊm]

n.

新郎

bridegroom

bridegroom bridegrooms
A bridegroom is a man who is getting married.
N-COUNT
= groom

bridesmaid

[D.J.:ˈbraɪdzˌmeɪd]

[K.K.:ˈbraɪdzˌmed]

n.

女傧相；伴娘

bridesmaid *

bridesmaid bridesmaids
A bridesmaid is a woman or a girl who helps and accompanies a bride on her wedding day.
N-COUNT

bride-to-be

n.

快要当新娘的女子

brides-to-be

n.

快要当新娘的女子

bride-to-be

bride-to-be brides-to-be
A bride-to-be is a woman who is soon going to be married.
N-COUNT

bridge

[D.J.:bridʒ]

[K.K.:brɪdʒ]

n.

桥; 桥梁

鼻梁; 鼻梁架

桥牌

vt.

在…建桥

bridging

[ˈbridʒiŋ]

n.

剪刀撑

bridge ****

1. bridge bridges
A bridge is a structure that is built over a railway, river, or road so that people or vehicles can cross from one side to the other.

- He walked back over the railway bridge.

- ...the Golden Gate Bridge.

N-COUNT

2. bridge bridges
A bridge between two places is a piece of land that joins or connects them.

- ...a land bridge linking Serbian territories.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. bridge bridges bridging bridged
To bridge the gap between two people or things means to reduce it or get rid of it.

- It is unlikely that the two sides will be able to bridge their differences.

VB
= overcome

4. bridge bridges bridging bridged
Something that bridges the gap between two very different things has some of the qualities of each of these things.

- ...the singer who bridged the gap between pop music and opera.

VB

5. bridge bridges
If something or someone acts as a bridge between two people, groups, or things, they connect them.

- We hope this book will act as a bridge between doctor and patient.

- They saw themselves as a bridge to peace.

N-COUNT: usu N prep

6. bridge bridges
The bridge is the place on a ship from which it is steered.
N-COUNT: usu sing

7. bridge bridges
The bridge of your nose is the thin top part of it, between your eyes.

- On the bridge of his hooked nose was a pair of gold rimless spectacles.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n

8. bridge bridges
The bridge of a pair of glasses is the part that rests on your nose.
N-COUNT: usu sing

9. bridge bridges
The bridge of a violin, guitar, or other stringed instrument is the small piece of wood under the strings that holds them up.
N-COUNT: usu sing

10. bridge bridges
A bridge is a piece of metal or plastic that holds false teeth in place by connecting them to natural teeth.
N-COUNT

11. bridge
Bridge is a card game for four players in which the players begin by declaring how many tricks they expect to win.
N-UNCOUNT

12. bridge
If you burn your bridges , you do something which forces you to continue with a particular course of action, and makes it impossible for you to return to an earlier situation or relationship.
PHR: V inflects
water under the bridge : see water .

bridge

noun

1.

arch

flyover

overpass

span

viaduct

verb

2.

connect

join

link

span

bridgehead

[D.J.:ˈbridʒhed]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪdʒˌhɛd]

n.

桥塔,桥头堡

bridgehead

bridgehead bridgeheads
A bridgehead is a good position which an army has taken in the enemy's territory and from which it can advance or attack.

- A bridgehead was established.

N-COUNT

bridging loan

bridging loan bridging loans
A bridging loan is money that a bank lends you for a short time, for example so that you can buy a new house before you have sold the one you already own. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

bridle

[D.J.:ˈbraɪdl]

[K.K.:ˈbraɪdl..]

n.

马笼头, 马缰

约束,限制;控制

<机>限动器,限动物

<海>系船索

<解>系带

vt.

给…套龙头

控制

vi.

昂首表示轻蔑(或怨忿等)

动怒,生气

bridle *

1. bridle bridles
A bridle is a set of straps that is put around a horse's head and mouth so that the person riding or driving the horse can control it.
N-COUNT

2. bridle bridles bridling bridled
If you bridle , you show that you are angry or offended by moving your head and body upwards in a proud way. (LITERARY)

- She bridled, then simply shook her head.

- Alex bridled at the shortness of Pamela's tone.

VB
= bristle

bridle

noun

1.

curb

check

control

rein

restraint

verb

2.

get angry

be indignant

bristle

draw (oneself) up

get one's back up

raise one's hackles

rear up

bridle path

bridle path bridle paths
A bridle path is a path intended for people riding horses.
N-COUNT also bridlepath .
= bridleway

bridleway

bridleway bridleways
A bridleway is the same as a bridle path . (BRIT)
N-COUNT
= bridle path

Brie

[D.J.:bri:]

[K.K.:bri]

n.

法国布里白乳酪

Brie

Brie
Brie is a type of cheese that comes from France. It is soft and creamy with a white skin.
N-UNCOUNT also brie .

brief

[D.J.:bri:f]

[K.K.:brif]

adj.

短暂的, 短时间的

简洁的, 简短的

vt.

向…介绍基本情况, 作…的摘要

n.

概要, 摘要

briefing

[D.J.:ˈbri:fɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbrifɪŋ]

n.

简要指示,情况简介

简令；简报

作战指示

briefs

[bri:fs]

n.

贴身的短内裤

brief ****

1. brief briefer briefest
Something that is brief lasts for only a short time.

- She once made a brief appearance on television.

- This time their visit is brief.

ADJ-GRADED
= short ≠ lengthy

2. brief briefer briefest
A brief speech or piece of writing does not contain too many words or details.

- In a brief statement, he concentrated entirely on international affairs.

- Write a very brief description of a typical problem.

ADJ-GRADED
= concise

3. brief briefer briefest
If you are brief , you say what you want to say in as few words as possible.

- Now please be brief -- my time is valuable.

- I hope to be brief and to the point.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= succinct

4. brief briefer briefest
You can describe a period of time as brief if you want to emphasize that it is very short.

- For a few brief minutes we forgot the anxiety and anguish.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis
≠ long

5. brief briefs
Men's or women's underpants can be referred to as briefs .
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

6. brief briefs briefing briefed
If someone briefs you, especially about a piece of work or a serious matter, they give you information that you need before you do it or consider it.

- A Defense Department spokesman briefed reporters.

- The Prime Minister has been briefed by her parliamentary aides.

VB
= fill in

7. brief briefs
If someone gives you a brief , they officially give you responsibility for dealing with a particular thing. (mainly BRIT, FORMAL)

- ...customs officials with a brief to stop foreign porn coming into Britain.

N-COUNT: oft N to-inf
= responsibility

8. brief
If you refer to something in brief , you are referring to a shortened version of it with few details.

- ...and now sport in brief.

PHR: n PHR

9. brief
You can say in brief to indicate that you are about to say something in as few words as possible or to give a summary of what you have just said.

- In brief, take no risks.

PHR: PHR with cl
= in short ≠ in full

briefer

briefer briefers
A briefer is an official who has the job of giving information about something, for example a war.

- Military briefers say the air war has concentrated on disrupting supplies and communications.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

briefing **

briefing briefings
A briefing is a meeting at which information or instructions are given to people, especially before they do something.

- They're holding a press briefing tomorrow.

- Security staff did not then receive any briefing before they started each shift.

N-VAR
See also brief .

brief

adjective

1.

short

ephemeral

fleeting

momentary

quick

short-lived

swift

transitory

noun

2.

summary

abridgment

abstract

digest

epitome

outline

pr´ecis

sketch

synopsis

verb

3.

inform

advise

explain

fill in informal

instruct

keep posted

prepare

prime

put (someone) in the picture informal

briefing

noun

instructions

conference

directions

guidance

information

preparation

priming

rundown

briefcase

[D.J.:ˈbri:fkeis]

[K.K.:ˈbrifˌkes]

n.

公文[事]包

briefcase *

briefcase briefcases
A briefcase is a case used for carrying documents in.
N-COUNT

briefly

[D.J.:ˈbri:fli]

adv.

短暂地

简单地说；简洁地；简短地

briefly **

1. briefly
Something that happens or is done briefly happens or is done for a very short period of time.

- He smiled briefly.

- Guerillas captured and briefly held an important provincial capital.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

2. briefly
If you say or write something briefly , you use very few words or give very few details.

- There are four basic alternatives; they are described briefly below.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= in brief

3. briefly
You can say briefly to indicate that you are about to say something in as few words as possible.

- Briefly, no less than nine of our agents have passed information to us.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl

briefly

adverb

shortly

concisely

hastily

hurriedly

in a nutshell

in brief

momentarily

quickly

brig

[D.J.:briɡ]

[K.K.:brɪɡ]

n.

双桅船

brig

1. brig brigs
A brig is a type of ship with two masts and square sails.
N-COUNT

2. brig brigs
A brig is a prison on a ship, especially a warship. (AM)
N-COUNT

Brig

abbr.

brigadier 旅长

Brig

abbr.

brigadier 旅长

Brig.

Brig.
Brig. is a written abbreviation for brigadier . (BRIT)

- ...Brig. Douglas Erskin Crum.

brigade

[D.J.:briˈɡeid]

[K.K.:brɪˈɡed]

n.

旅

brigade **

1. brigade brigades
A brigade is one of the groups which an army is divided into.

- ...the men of the Seventh Armoured Brigade.

N-COUNT-COLL
See also fire brigade .

2. brigade
You can use brigade to refer to a group of people who believe strongly in a particular thing or who share a particular characteristic. (HUMOROUS)

- ...the healthy eating brigade.

- ...the black T-shirt brigade.

N-SING: n N

brigade

noun

group

band

company

corps

force

organization

outfit

squad

team

troop

unit

brigadier

[D.J.:ˌbrɪgəˈdɪə]

[K.K.:ˌbrɪɡəˈdɪr]

n.

旅长

(英国)陆军(或海军陆战队)准将

brigadier *

brigadier
A brigadier is a senior officer in the British armed forces who is in charge of a brigade and has the rank above colonel and below major general.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

brigadier general

brigadier general
In the United States, a brigadier general is a senior officer in the armed forces who is often in charge of a brigade and has a rank above colonel and below major general.

- ...Brigadier General Gary Whipple of the Louisiana National Guard.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE also brigadier-general .

brigand

[D.J.:ˈbrɪgənd]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪɡənd]

n.

土匪,强盗

brigand

brigand brigands
A brigand is someone who attacks people and robs them, especially in mountains or forests. (LITERARY)

- He looked like a scruffy brigand caught rustling cattle.

N-COUNT
= bandit

brigand

noun

bandit

desperado

freebooter

gangster

highwayman

marauder

outlaw

plunderer

robber

Brig. Gen.

Brig. Gen.
Brig. Gen. is a written abbreviation for brigadier general . (AM)

- ...Brig. Gen. William Washington

bright

[D.J.:brait]

[K.K.:braɪt]

adj.

光亮的, 闪光的, 发光的

鲜艳的, 鲜亮的

生气勃勃的, 愉快的; 幸福的

聪明的, 伶俐的

前途光明的, 有希望的

brightly

[D.J.:ˈbraɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbraɪtlɪ]

adv.

明亮地,闪亮地;鲜明地

爽朗地;欢快地

聪明地,伶俐地

brightness

[D.J.:ˈbraɪtnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈbraɪtnɪs]

n.

明亮,光辉;鲜艳

亮度；亮光

活泼,愉快

聪颖,伶俐

brights

[D.J.:braits]

[K.K.:braɪts]

n.

亮煤

bright ****

1. bright brighter brightest
A bright colour is strong and noticeable, and not dark.

- ...a bright red dress.

- ...the bright uniforms of the guards parading at Buckingham Palace.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n, ADJ colour

2. brightly

- ...a display of brightly coloured flowers.

ADV-GRADED

3. brightness

- You'll be impressed with the brightness and the beauty of the colors.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

4. bright brighter brightest
A bright light, object, or place is shining strongly or is full of light.

- ...a bright October day...

- She leaned forward, her eyes bright with excitement.

ADJ-GRADED
= brilliant ≠ dull

5. brightly

- ...a warm, brightly lit room...

- The sun shone brightly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

6. brightness

- An astronomer can determine the brightness of each star.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

7. bright brighter brightest
If you describe someone as bright , you mean that they are quick at learning things.

- I was convinced that he was brighter than average.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= clever

8. bright brighter brightest
A bright idea is clever and original.

- There are lots of books crammed with bright ideas.

- Ford had the bright idea of paying workers enough to buy cars.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= brilliant

9. bright brighter brightest
If someone looks or sounds bright , they look or sound cheerful and lively.

- The boy was so bright and animated.

- `May I help you?' said a bright American voice over the telephone.

ADJ-GRADED
= cheerful lively

10. brightly

- He smiled brightly as Ben approached.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

11. bright brighter brightest
If the future is bright , it is likely to be pleasant or successful.

- Both had successful careers and the future looked bright.

- There are much brighter prospects for a comprehensive settlement than before.

ADJ-GRADED
= promising ≠ gloomy

12. bright brights
The brights on a car or other vehicle are the headlights when they are switched on fully. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT: usu pl, usu the N

13. bright
If you look on the bright side , you try to be cheerful about a bad situation by thinking of some advantages that could result from it, or thinking that it is not as bad as it could have been.
PHR: V inflects

bright

adjective

1.

shining

brilliant

dazzling

gleaming

glowing

luminous

lustrous

radiant

shimmering

vivid

2.

intelligent

astute

aware

clever

inventive

quick-witted

sharp

smart

wide-awake

3.

sunny

clear

cloudless

fair

limpid

lucid

pleasant

translucent

transparent

unclouded

brightness

noun

1.

shine

brilliance

glare

incandescence

intensity

light

luminosity

radiance

vividness

2.

intelligence

acuity

cleverness

quickness

sharpness

smartness

brighten

[D.J.:ˈbraɪtn]

[K.K.:ˈbraɪtn..]

vt. & vi.

(使)发亮,(使)发光

(使)生色；(使)生辉

(使)快乐；(使)活跃

brighten up

放晴

快活起来

brighten sth up

使更加有趣(或令人兴奋、有吸引力)

brightening

[ˈbraitniŋ]

n.

发[擦]亮,增亮,照明

brighten *

1. brighten brightens brightening brightened
If someone brightens or their face brightens , they suddenly look happier.

- Seeing him, she seemed to brighten a little.

- `Oh, we'd love to!' cried Nancy, her face brightening.

VB

2. brighten up; brightens up; brightening up; brightened up
Brighten up means the same as brighten .

- He brightened up a bit.

PHR-V

3. brighten brightens brightening brightened
If your eyes brighten , you suddenly look interested or excited.

- His eyes brightened and he laughed.

- Her tearful eyes brightened with interest.

VB

4. brighten brightens brightening brightened
If someone or something brightens a place, they make it more colourful and attractive.

- Tubs planted with wallflowers brightened the area outside the door.

VB

5. brighten up; brightens up; brightening up; brightened up
Brighten up means the same as brighten .

- David spotted the pink silk lampshade in a shop and thought it would brighten up the room.

PHR-V

6. brighten brightens brightening brightened
If someone or something brightens a situation or the situation brightens , it becomes more pleasant, enjoyable, or favourable.

- That does not do much to brighten the prospects of kids in the city.

- It is undeniable that the economic picture is brightening.

V-ERG
= improve

7. brighten up; brightens up; brightening up; brightened up
Brighten up means the same as brighten .

- His cheerful face brightens up the dullest of days.

PHR-V-ERG

8. brighten brightens brightening brightened
When a light brightens a place or when a place brightens , it becomes brighter or lighter.

- The sky above the ridge of mountains brightened.

- The late afternoon sun brightened the interior of the church.

V-ERG

9. brighten brightens brightening brightened
If the weather brightens , it becomes less cloudy or rainy, and the sun starts to shine.

- By early afternoon the weather had brightened.

VB

10. brighten up; brightens up; brightening up; brightened up
Brighten up means the same as brighten .

- Hopefully it will brighten up, or we'll be coming back early.

PHR-V

brighten

verb

make brighter

gleam

glow

illuminate

lighten

light up

shine

bright lights

bright lights
If someone talks about the bright lights , they are referring to life in a big city where you can do a lot of enjoyable and exciting things and be successful.

- The bright lights of Hollywood beckon many.

N-PLURAL: the N

bright spark

bright spark bright sparks
If you say that some bright spark had a particular idea or did something, you mean that their idea or action was clever, or that it seemed clever but was silly in some way. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I should have realised that genius, as some bright spark in the office said, has a lot to do with genes.

- For some reason, one bright spark thought a samba party was the order of the day.

N-COUNT

brill

[D.J.:bril]

[K.K.:brɪl]

n.

一种可食用的欧洲比目鱼

brill *

brill
If you say that something is brill , you are very pleased about it or think that it is very good. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- What a brill idea!

ADJ-GRADED
= wonderful great

brilliance

[D.J.:ˈbrɪljəns]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪljəns]

n.

(卓越的)才华,才智

光亮;光辉;光彩

宏伟,壮丽

brilliant

[D.J.:ˈbriljənt]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪljənt]

adj.

闪光的, 明亮的

光辉的, 辉煌的

brilliantly

[D.J.:ˈbrɪljəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪljəntlɪ]

adv.

灿烂地;出色地

brilliant ***

1. brilliant
A brilliant person, idea, or performance is extremely clever or skilful.

- She had a brilliant mind.

- It was his brilliant performance in `My Left Foot' that established his reputation.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. brilliantly

- It is a very high quality production, brilliantly written and acted.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. brilliance

- He was a deeply serious musician who had shown his brilliance very early.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

4. brilliant
You can say that something is brilliant when you are very pleased about it or think that it is very good. (mainly BRIT, SPOKEN, INFORMAL)

- If you get a chance to see the show, do go -- it's brilliant.

- My sister's given me this brilliant book.

ADJ-GRADED
= great ≠ awful

5. brilliantly

- It's extremely hard working together but on the whole it works brilliantly and we're still good friends.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj/adv

6. brilliant
A brilliant career or success is very successful.

- He served four years in prison, emerging to find his brilliant career in ruins.

- The raid was a brilliant success.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

7. brilliantly

- The strategy worked brilliantly.

ADV-GRADED

8. brilliant
A brilliant colour is extremely bright.

- The woman had brilliant green eyes.

- ...a brilliant white open-necked shirt.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

9. brilliantly

- Many of the patterns show brilliantly coloured flowers.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed

10. brilliance

- ...an iridescent blue butterfly in all its brilliance.

N-UNCOUNT

11. brilliant
You describe light, or something that reflects light, as brilliant when it shines very brightly.

- The event was held in brilliant sunshine.

- It was 250 million times more brilliant than the Sun.

ADJ-GRADED

12. brilliantly

- It's a brilliantly sunny morning.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed, ADV after v

13. brilliance

- His eyes became accustomed to the dark after the brilliance of the sun outside.

N-UNCOUNT

brilliance brilliancy

noun

1.

brightness

dazzle

intensity

luminosity

lustre

radiance

sparkle

vividness

2.

talent

cleverness

distinction

excellence

genius

greatness

inventiveness

wisdom

3.

splendour

´eclat

glamour

grandeur

illustriousness

magnificence

brilliant

adjective

1.

shining

bright

dazzling

glittering

intense

luminous

radiant

sparkling

vivid

2.

splendid

celebrated

famous

glorious

illustrious

magnificent

notable

outstanding

superb

3.

intelligent

clever

expert

gifted

intellectual

inventive

masterly

penetrating

profound

talented

brim

[D.J.:brim]

[K.K.:brɪm]

n.

边, 边缘

vi.

注满

brimmed

满到边际的

brimming

adj.

满溢的

brim *

1. brim brims
The brim of a hat is the wide part that sticks outwards at the bottom.

- Rain dripped from the brim of his baseball cap.

- ...a flat black hat with a wide brim.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, adj N

2. -brimmed

- She protected her head with a wide-brimmed straw-hat.

- ...a floppy-brimmed hat.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. brim brims brimming brimmed
If someone or something is brimming with a particular quality, they are full of that quality.

- England are brimming with confidence after two straight wins in the tournament.

VB: usu cont

4. brim over brims over; brimming over; brimmed over
Brim over means the same as brim .

- I noticed Dorabella was brimming over with excitement.

- Her heart brimmed over with love and adoration for Charles.

PHR-V

5. brim brims brimming brimmed
When your eyes are brimming with tears, they are full of fluid because you are upset, although you are not actually crying.

- Michael looked at him imploringly, eyes brimming with tears.

VB
= be full of

6. brim over brims over; brimming over; brimmed over
Brim over means the same as brim .

- When she saw me, her eyes brimmed over with tears and she could not speak.

PHR-V

7. brim brims brimming brimmed
If something brims with particular things, it is packed full of them.

- The flowerbeds brim with a mixture of lilies and roses.

VB

8. brim
If something, especially a container, is filled to the brim or full to the brim with something, it is filled right up to the top.

- Richard filled her glass right up to the brim.

- The toilet was full to the brim with insects.

PHR: V inflects

9. brim
If you are full to the brim with a particular emotion, you feel that emotion so strongly that it is stronger than all other emotions.

- Her heart beat so fast and she was full to the brim with joy.

PHR: v-link PHR
= be full of

brim

noun

1.

rim

border

brink

edge

lip

margin

skirt

verge

verb

2.

be full

fill

fill up

hold no more

overflow

run over

spill

well over

brimful

[D.J.:ˈbrɪmˈfʊl]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪmˈfʊl]

adj.

brimful of sth.

<尤英>装满…的;充盈的

brimful

brimful
Someone who is brimful of an emotion or quality feels or seems full of it. An object or place that is brimful of something is full of it.

- I had met Mrs Allen, who is brimful of energy, enthusiasm and Irish charm.

- The United States is brimful with highly paid doctors.

ADJ: v-link ADJ of/with n
= full

brimstone

[D.J.:ˈbrimstəun]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪmˌston]

n.

硫黄

brimstone

1. brimstone
Brimstone is the same as sulphur . (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-UNCOUNT

2. brimstone
When people talk about fire and brimstone , they are referring to hell and how they think people are punished there after death. (LITERARY)
PHR

brine

[D.J.:brain]

[K.K.:braɪn]

n.

卤水, 浓盐水

海, 海水

brine

brine brines
Brine is salty water, especially salty water that is used for preserving food.

- Soak the walnuts in brine for four or five days.

N-MASS

bring

[D.J.:briŋ]

[K.K.:brɪŋ]

vt.

带来, 拿来

造成, 引起

促使, 使处于

brought

[D.J.:brɔ:t]

[K.K.:brɔt]

bring的过去式和过去分词

bring *****

1. bring brings bringing brought
If you bring someone or something with you when you come to a place, they come with you or you have them with you.

- Remember to bring an apron or an old shirt to protect your clothes.

- Come to my party and bring a girl with you.

- Someone went upstairs and brought down a huge kettle.

- My father brought home a book for me.

VB

2. bring brings bringing brought
If you bring something somewhere, you move it there.

- Reaching into her pocket, she brought out a cigarette.

- Her mother brought her hands up to her face.

VB

3. bring brings bringing brought
If you bring something that someone wants or needs, you get it for them or carry it to them.

- He went and poured a brandy for Dena and brought it to her.

- The stewardess kindly brought me a blanket.

VB

4. bring brings bringing brought
To bring something or someone to a place or position means to cause them to come to the place or move into that position.

- I told you about what brought me here.

- The shock of her husband's arrival brought her to her feet.

- Edna Leitch survived a gas blast which brought her home crashing down on top of her.

VB

5. bring brings bringing brought
If you bring something new to a place or group of people, you introduce it to that place or cause those people to hear or know about it.

- ...a brave reporter who had risked death to bring the story to the world.

- ...the drive to bring art to the public.

VB

6. bring brings bringing brought
To bring someone or something into a particular state or condition means to cause them to be in that state or condition.

- He brought the car to a stop in front of the square.

- His work as a historian brought him into conflict with the political establishment.

- The incident brings the total of people killed to fifteen.

- They have brought down income taxes.

VB

7. bring brings bringing brought
If something brings a particular feeling, situation, or quality, it makes people experience it or have it.

- He called on the United States to play a more effective role in bringing peace to the region.

- Kinkel said the attacks had brought disgrace on Germany.

- Banks have brought trouble on themselves by lending rashly.

- He brought to the job not just considerable experience but passionate enthusiasm.

- Her three children brought her joy.

VB

8. bring brings bringing brought
If a period of time brings a particular thing, it happens during that time.

- For Sandro, the new year brought disaster.

- We don't know what the future will bring.

VB

9. bring brings bringing brought
If you bring a legal action against someone or bring them to trial, you officially accuse them of doing something illegal.

- He campaigned relentlessly to bring charges of corruption against former members of the government.

- The ship's captain and crew may be brought to trial and even sent to prison.

VB

10. bring brings bringing brought
If a television or radio programme is brought to you by an organization, they make it, broadcast it, or pay for it to be made or broadcast. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use sponsor )

- You're listening to Science in Action, brought to you by the BBC World Service.

- We'll be bringing you all the details of the day's events.

VB

11. bring brings bringing brought
When you are talking, you can say that something brings you to a particular point in order to indicate that you have now reached that point and are going to talk about a new subject.

- Which brings me to a delicate matter I should like to raise.

- And that brings us to the end of this special report from Germany.

VB

12. bring brings bringing brought
If you cannot bring yourself to do something, you cannot do it because you find it too painful, embarrassing, or disgusting.

- It is all very tragic and I am afraid I just cannot bring myself to talk about it at the moment.

VB: with brd-neg
= bear

brought

brought
Brought is the past tense and past participle of bring .

bring

verb

1.

take

bear

carry

conduct

convey

deliver

escort

fetch

guide

lead

transfer

transport

2.

cause

contribute to

create

effect

inflict

occasion

produce

result in

wreak

bring about *****

bring about brings about; bringing about; brought about
To bring something about means to cause it to happen.

- The only way they can bring about political change is by putting pressure on the country.

PHR-V
= cause

bring about

verb

cause

accomplish

achieve

create

effect

generate

give rise to

make happen

produce

bring along *****

bring along brings along; bringing along; brought along
If you bring someone or something along , you bring them with you when you come to a place.

- They brought along Laura Jane in a pram.

- Dad brought a notebook along to the beach, in case he was seized by sudden inspiration.

PHR-V

bring around *****

1. bring around brings around; bringing around; brought around
If you bring someone around when they are unconscious, you make them become conscious again.

- I'd passed out and he'd brought me round.

PHR-V (BRIT) also bring round

2. bring around brings around; bringing around; brought around
If you bring someone around , you cause them to change their opinion about something so that they agree with you.

- We will do everything we can to bring parliament round to our point of view.

PHR-V

bring back *****

1. bring back brings back; bringing back; brought back
Something that brings back a memory makes you think about it.

- Your article brought back sad memories for me.

- Talking about it brought it all back.

PHR-V

2. bring back brings back; bringing back; brought back
When people bring back a practice or fashion that existed at an earlier time, they introduce it again.

- The House of Commons is to debate once again whether to bring back the death penalty.

PHR-V
= reintroduce

bring down *****

1. bring down brings down; bringing down; brought down
When people or events bring down a government or ruler, they cause the government or ruler to lose power.

- They were threatening to bring down the government by withdrawing from the ruling coalition.

- His challenge to Mrs Thatcher brought her down.

PHR-V

2. bring down brings down; bringing down; brought down
If someone or something brings down a person or aeroplane, they cause them to fall, usually by shooting them.

- Military historians may never know what brought down the jet.

PHR-V

bring forward *****

1. bring forward brings forward; bringing forward; brought forward
If you bring forward a meeting or event, you arrange for it to take place at an earlier date or time than had been planned.

- He had to bring forward an 11 o'clock meeting so that he could get to the funeral on time.

- The election date had to be brought forward by two months.

PHR-V
= put forward ≠ put back

2. bring forward brings forward; bringing forward; brought forward
If you bring forward an argument or proposal, you state it so that people can consider it.

- The Government will bring forward several proposals for legislation.

PHR-V
= put forward

bring in *****

1. bring in brings in; bringing in; brought in
When a government or organization brings in a new law or system, they introduce it.

- The government brought in a controversial law under which it could take any land it wanted.

PHR-V
= introduce

2. bring in brings in; bringing in; brought in
Someone or something that brings in money makes it or earns it.

- I have three part-time jobs, which bring in about £14,000 a year.

PHR-V

3. bring in brings in; bringing in; brought in
If you bring in someone from outside a team or organization, you invite them to do a job or join in an activity or discussion.

- The firm decided to bring in a new management team.

PHR-V

4. bring in brings in; bringing in; brought in
When a jury or inquest brings in a verdict, the verdict is officially decided.

- The jury took 23 hours to bring in its verdict.

- The inquest will bring in a verdict of suicide.

PHR-V

bring off *****

bring off brings off; bringing off; brought off
If you bring off something difficult, you do it successfully.

- They were about to bring off an even bigger coup.

- He thought his book would change society. But he didn't bring it off.

PHR-V

bring off

verb

accomplish

achieve

carry off

execute

perform

pull off

succeed

bring on *****

bring on brings on; bringing on; brought on
If something brings on an illness, pain, or feeling, especially one that you often suffer from, it causes you to have it.

- Severe shock can bring on an attack of acne.

- Bob died of a heart attack, brought on by his lifestyle.

PHR-V

bring out *****

1. bring out brings out; bringing out; brought out
When a person or company brings out a new product, especially a new book or record, they produce it and put it on sale.

- A journalist all his life, he's now brought out a book.

PHR-V

2. bring out brings out; bringing out; brought out
Something that brings out a particular kind of behaviour or feeling in you causes you to show it, especially when it is something you do not normally show.

- Sea air seems to bring out the lover in some people.

- He is totally dedicated and brings out the best in his pupils.

PHR-V

bring to *****

bring to brings to; bringing to; brought to
If you bring someone to when they are unconscious, you make them become conscious again.
PHR-V: V n P
= bring round

bring up *****

1. bring up brings up; bringing up; brought up
When someone brings up a child, they look after it until it is an adult. If someone has been brought up in a certain place or with certain attitudes, they grew up in that place or were taught those attitudes when they were growing up.

- She brought up four children.

- His grandmother and his father brought him up.

- He was brought up in North Yorkshire.

- We'd been brought up to think that borrowing money was bad.

- I was brought up a Methodist.

PHR-V

2. bring up brings up; bringing up; brought up
If you bring up a particular subject, you introduce it into a discussion or conversation.

- He brought up a subject rarely raised during the course of this campaign.

- Why are you bringing it up now?

PHR-V
= raise

3. bring up brings up; bringing up; brought up
If someone brings up food or wind, food or air is forced up from their stomach through their mouth.

- It's hard for the baby to bring up wind.

PHR-V

bring up

verb

1.

rear

breed

develop

educate

form

nurture

raise

support

teach

train

2.

mention

allude to

broach

introduce

move

propose

put forward

raise

bring-and-buy sale

bring-and-buy sale bring-and-buy sales
A bring-and-buy sale is an informal sale to raise money for a charity or other organization. People who come to the sale bring things to be sold and buy things that other people have brought. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

bringer

bringer bringers
A bringer of something is someone who brings or provides it. (LITERARY)

- He was the bringer of great glad tidings.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n

brink

[D.J.:briŋk]

[K.K.:brɪŋk]

n.

(悬崖峭壁的)边沿

(危险的)边沿

brink **

brink
If you are on the brink of something, usually something important, terrible, or exciting, you are just about to do it or experience it.

- Their economy is teetering on the brink of collapse.

- Failure to communicate had brought the two nations to the brink of war.

N-SING: usu on/to/from the N of n
= verge

brink

noun

edge

border

boundary

brim

fringe

frontier

limit

lip

margin

rim

skirt

threshold

verge

brinkmanship

[D.J.:ˈbriŋkmənʃip]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪŋkmənˌʃɪp]

n.

边缘政策

brinkmanship

brinkmanship
Brinkmanship is a method of behaviour, especially in politics, in which you deliberately get into dangerous situations which could result in disaster but which could also bring success. (JOURNALISM)

- A game of political brinkmanship has begun at Westminster with the political careers of some cabinet ministers on the line.

N-UNCOUNT

brioche

[D.J.:ˈbri(:)əuʃ]

[K.K.:briˈɔʃ, -ˈoʃ]

n.

〈法〉奶油糕点,奶油蛋卷

brioche

brioche brioches
Brioche is a kind of sweet bread.

- He sat down before his big cup of milky coffee and a brioche.

N-VAR

brisk

[D.J.:brisk]

[K.K.:brɪsk]

adj.

轻快的, 活泼的

兴隆的, 繁忙的

爽快而清新的

briskly

[D.J.:ˈbrɪsklɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪsklɪ]

adv.

轻快地;活泼地;伶俐地

迅速地

briskness

[D.J.:ˈbrɪsknɪs]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪsknɪs]

n.

轻快;活泼;灵活

清新

brisk **

1. brisk brisker briskest
A brisk activity or action is done quickly and in an energetic way.

- Taking a brisk walk can often induce a feeling of well-being.

- The horse broke into a brisk trot.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= energetic

2. briskly

- Eve walked briskly down the corridor to her son's room.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= energetically

3. briskness

- With determined briskness, Amy stood up and put their cups back on the tray.

N-UNCOUNT

4. brisk brisker briskest
If trade or business is brisk , things are being sold very quickly and a lot of money is being made.

- Vendors were doing a brisk trade in souvenirs.

- Its sales had been brisk since July.

ADJ-GRADED
= good

5. briskly

- A trader said gold sold briskly on the local market.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

6. brisk brisker briskest
If the weather is brisk , it is cold and fresh.

- ...a typically brisk winter's day on the South Coast...

- The breeze was cool, brisk and invigorating.

ADJ-GRADED
= bracing

7. brisk brisker briskest
Someone who is brisk behaves in a busy, confident way which shows that they want to get things done quickly.

- The Chief summoned me downstairs. He was brisk and businesslike.

- She is noted for her brisk handling of business.

ADJ-GRADED
= businesslike

8. briskly

- `Anyhow,' she added briskly, `it's none of my business.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

9. briskness

- He felt her familiar briskness, and he knew that it was all over.

N-UNCOUNT

brisk

adjective

lively

active

bustling

busy

energetic

quick

sprightly

spry

vigorous

briskly

adverb

quickly

actively

apace

efficiently

energetically

promptly

rapidly

readily

smartly

brisket

[D.J.:ˈbriskit]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪskɪt]

n.

(兽类的)胸部,胸肉

brisket

brisket
Brisket is a cut of beef that comes from the breast of the cow.
N-UNCOUNT

bristle

[D.J.:ˈbrisl]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪsəl]

n.

短而硬的毛发, 刷子毛

vi.

被激怒, 怒发冲冠; 毛发(因惊惧等)直立

bristled

adj.

有刚毛的,多刺毛的

bristles

猪鬃

bristling

adj.

竖立的

bristle *

1. bristle bristles
Bristles are the short hairs that grow on a man's chin after he has shaved. The hairs on the top of a man's head can also be called bristles when they are cut very short.

- ...two days' growth of bristles...

- He rubbed his hands over the soft bristles of his crew cut.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= stubble

2. bristle bristles
The bristles of a brush are the thick hairs or hair-like pieces of plastic which are attached to it.

- As soon as the bristles on your toothbrush begin to wear, throw it out.

N-COUNT

3. bristle bristles
Bristles are thick, strong animal hairs that feel hard and rough.

- It has a short stumpy tail covered with bristles.

N-COUNT

4. bristle bristles bristling bristled
If the hair on a person's or animal's body bristles , it rises away from their skin because they are cold, frightened, or angry.

- It makes the hairs at the nape of the neck bristle.

- Cats yowl. My dog's hair bristles in response.

VB
= stand on end

5. bristle bristles bristling bristled
If you bristle at something, you react to it angrily, and show this in your expression or the way you move.

- Ellis bristles at accusations that Berkeley's experiment is ill-conceived.

- He bristled with indignation at the suggestion that he was racist.

VB
= bridle

6. bristle bristles bristling bristled
If you say that a place or thing bristles with people or with other things, you are emphasizing that it contains a great number of them.

- The country bristles with armed groups.

- The idea fairly bristles with controversy.

- Their vocabulary bristles fashionably with talk of federalism.

VB emphasis

bristling

1. bristling
Bristling means thick, hairy, and rough. It is used to describe things such as moustaches, beards, or eyebrows.

- He was tall, bespectacled, with a bristling white moustache.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. bristling
If you describe someone's attitude as bristling , you are emphasizing that it is full of energy and enthusiasm.

- His bristling determination has become a symbol of England's renaissance.

- ...bristling, exuberant, rock'n'roll.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

bristle

noun

1.

hair

barb

prickle

spine

stubble

thorn

whisker

verb

2.

stand up

rise

stand on end

3.

be angry

bridle

flare up

rage

see red

seethe

bristly

[D.J.:ˈbrɪsli:]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪsli]

adj.

(毛发)短而硬的

长满刚毛的；粗糙的

林立的

易怒的

bristly

1. bristly
Bristly hair is thick and rough.

- His bristly red hair was standing on end.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= stubbly

2. bristly
If a man's chin is bristly , it is covered with bristles because he has not shaved recently.

- He lifted the beer to his bristly mouth.

ADJ-GRADED

bristly

adjective

hairy

prickly

rough

stubbly

Brit

[D.J.:brɪt]

[K.K.:brɪt]

n.

英国人

Brit **

Brit Brits
British people are sometimes referred to as Brits . (INFORMAL)

- Holiday mad Brits are packing their buckets and spades and heading for the sun.

N-COUNT

British

[D.J.:ˈbrɪtɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪtɪʃ]

adj.

不列颠的, 英国的, 英国人的

英国英语的

n.

(总称)英国人

英国英语

British ****

1. British
British means belonging or relating to the United Kingdom, or to its people or culture.

- ...the British government.

- ...traditional British cookery.

ADJ

2. British
The British are the people of Great Britain.
N-PLURAL

British Asian

1. British Asian
A British Asian person is someone of Indian, Pakistani, or Bangladeshi origin who has grown up in Britain.

- ...a British Asian woman.

- ...the British Asian Business Community.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= Anglo-Asian

2. British Asian British Asians
A British Asian is someone who is British Asian.

- British Asians have begun a campaign calling for an end to discrimination.

N-COUNT
= Anglo-Asian

Britisher

[D.J.:ˈbritiʃə]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪtɪʃɚ]

n.

英国人

Britisher

Britisher Britishers
British people are sometimes referred to as Britishers . (INFORMAL; AM or OLD-FASHIONED BRIT)
N-COUNT

Briton

[D.J.:ˈbrɪtn]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪtn..]

n.

英国人

Briton **

Briton Britons
A Briton is a British citizen, or a person of British origin. (FORMAL)

- The role is played by seventeen-year-old Briton Jane March.

N-COUNT

Britpop

Britpop
Britpop is a type of pop music made by British bands. It was especially popular in the mid-1990s.

- ...Oasis and other Britpop bands.

N-UNCOUNT

brittle

[D.J.:ˈbritl]

[K.K.:ˈbrɪtl]

adj.

易碎的, 易损坏的

冷淡的, 不友好的

brittle *

1. brittle
An object or substance that is brittle is hard but easily broken.

- Pine is brittle and breaks.

- ...the dry, brittle ends of the hair.

ADJ-GRADED

2. brittle
If you describe a situation, relationship, or someone's mood as brittle , you mean that it is unstable, and may easily change.

- These incidents suggest the peace in Northern Ireland is still brittle.

- This may help to undermine the brittle truce that currently exists.

ADJ-GRADED
= fragile

3. brittle
Someone who is brittle seems rather sharp and insensitive and says things which are likely to hurt other people's feelings.

- ...Noel Coward's brittle comedy of bad manners.

ADJ-GRADED

4. brittle
A brittle sound is short, loud, and sharp.

- Myrtle gave a brittle laugh.

ADJ-GRADED

brittle

adjective

fragile

breakable

crisp

crumbling

crumbly

delicate

frail

frangible

friable

broach

[D.J.:brəʊtʃ]

[K.K.:brotʃ]

vt.

谈起，提出讨论

(在桶上)钻孔取液体

打开并开始用

用凿子扩大(或修光)

vi.

<海>(船)突然横转

n.

凿子;手钻;扩空器

(烤肉用的)炙叉

钻孔,眼子

胸针

broaching

[ˈbrəutʃiŋ]

n.

拉削,推削,铰孔,扩孔

broach

broach broaches broaching broached
When you broach a subject, especially a sensitive one, you mention it in order to start a discussion on it.

- Eventually I broached the subject of her early life.

VB

broach

verb

1.

bring up

introduce

mention

open up

propose

raise the subject

speak of

suggest

talk of

touch on

2.

open

crack

draw off

pierce

puncture

start

tap

uncork

broad

[D.J.:brɔ:d]

[K.K.:brɔd]

adj.

宽的, 阔的; 广的

宽宏的, 胸襟开阔的

清楚的, 明显的

大概的, 不详细的

broadly

[D.J.:ˈbr ɔ:dlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbr ɔdlɪ]

adv.

宽广地

概括地;大体上

明白地;明显地,露骨地

下流地,粗鄙地

broad ****

1. broad broader broadest
Something that is broad is wide.

- His shoulders were broad and his waist narrow.

- The hills rise green and sheer above the broad river.

- ...a broad expanse of green lawn.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ narrow

2. broad broader broadest
A broad smile is one in which your mouth is stretched very wide because you are very pleased or amused.

- He greeted them with a wave and a broad smile.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. broadly

- Charles grinned broadly.

ADV-GRADED

4. broad broader broadest
You use broad to describe something that includes a large number of different things or people.

- A broad range of issues was discussed.

- ...a broad coalition of workers, peasants, students and middle class professionals.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= extensive ≠ limited

5. broadly

- This gives children a more broadly based education.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

6. broad broader broadest
You use broad to describe a word or meaning which covers or refers to a wide range of different things.

- The term Wissenschaft has a much broader meaning than the English word `science'.

- ...restructuring in the broad sense of the word.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= general ≠ narrow

7. broadly

- We define education very broadly and students can study any aspect of its consequences for society.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

8. broad broader broadest
You use broad to describe a feeling or opinion that is shared by many people, or by people of many different kinds.

- The agreement won broad support in the US Congress.

- ...a film with broad appeal.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= widespread ≠ limited

9. broadly

- The new law has been broadly welcomed by road safety organisations.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

10. broad broader broadest
A broad description or idea is general rather than detailed.

- These documents provided a broad outline of the Society's development.

- In broad terms, this means that the closer you live to a school, the more likely it is that your child will get a place there.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= rough ≠ precise

11. broadly

- There are, broadly speaking, three ways in which this is done.

- Broadly, it makes connections between ideas about healing and how they link to plants.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV with cl/group

12. broad broader broadest
A broad hint is a very obvious hint.

- They've been giving broad hints about what to expect.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
≠ subtle

13. broadly

- He hinted broadly that he would like to come.

ADV

14. broad broader broadest
A broad accent is strong and noticeable.

- ...a Briton who spoke in a broad Yorkshire accent.

ADJ-GRADED

15. broad broads
Some men refer to women as broads . This use could cause offence. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

broadly **

broadly
You can use broadly to indicate that something is generally true.

- The President broadly got what he wanted out of his meeting.

- The idea that software is capable of any task is broadly true in theory.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl
= more or less

See also broad .

broad

adjective

1.

wide

ample

expansive

extensive

generous

large

roomy

spacious

vast

voluminous

widespread

2.

general

all-embracing

comprehensive

encyclopedic

inclusive

sweeping

wide

wide-ranging

B-road

B-road B-roads
A B-road is a minor road. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also B road .

broad bean

broad bean broad beans
Broad beans are flat round beans that are light green in colour and are eaten as a vegetable. (mainly BRIT; in AM use fava beans )
N-COUNT: usu pl

broad-brush

[D.J.:ˈbrɔ:dˌbrʌʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbrɔdˌbrʌʃ]

adj.

粗枝大叶的,粗线条的

broad-brush

broad-brush
A broad-brush approach, strategy, or solution deals with a problem in a general way rather than concentrating on details.

- Some voters like Perot's broad-brush approach on the economy.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also broad brush .

broadcast

[D.J.:ˈbrɔ:dkɑ:st]

[K.K.:ˈbrɔdˌkæst]

n.

广播; 播音

广播节目

vt. & vi.

广播, 播放

vt.

传播, 乱传(消息等)

broadcasting

[D.J.:ˈbr ɔ:dˌk ɑ:stɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbr ɔdˌkæstɪŋ]

n.

(电台、电视台的)广播;播放

(电台、电视台)广播员的职业

broadcast ***

1. broadcast broadcasts
A broadcast is a programme, performance, or speech on the radio or on television.

- In a broadcast on state radio the government also announced that it was willing to resume peace negotiations.

N-COUNT
= programme

2. broadcast broadcasts broadcasting
To broadcast a programme means to send it out by radio waves, so that it can be heard on the radio or seen on television.

- The concert will be broadcast live on television and radio.

- CNN also broadcasts in Europe.

VB The form broadcast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= transmit

broadcasting ***

broadcasting
Broadcasting is the making and sending out of television and radio programmes.

- If this happens it will change the face of religious broadcasting.

- ...the state broadcasting organisation.

N-UNCOUNT

broadcast

noun

1.

transmission

programme

show

telecast

verb

2.

transmit

air

beam

cable

put on the air

radio

relay

show

televise

3.

make public

advertise

announce

circulate

proclaim

publish

report

spread

broadcaster

[ˈbrɔ:dkɑ:stə]

n.

播送设备,广播员,撒播物，广播公司

broadcaster **

broadcaster broadcasters
A broadcaster is someone who gives talks or takes part in interviews and discussions on radio or television programmes.

- ...the prominent naturalist and broadcaster, Sir David Attenborough.

N-COUNT

broaden

[D.J.:ˈbrɔ:dn]

[K.K.:ˈbrɔdn..]

vt. & vi.

使…变宽, 扩展

broaden out

1.(路、河等)变宽，变阔

2.拓展；扩大；(使)数目增加

broadening

[ˈbrɔ:dniŋ]

n.

加宽

broaden *

1. broaden broadens broadening broadened
When something broadens , it becomes wider.

- The trails broadened into roads.

- The smile broadened to a grin.

VB
= widen

2. broaden broadens broadening broadened
When you broaden something such as your experience or popularity, the number of things or people that it includes becomes greater.

- We must broaden our appeal.

- I thought you wanted to broaden your horizons.

- The political spectrum has broadened.

V-ERG

3. broaden
If an experience broadens your mind , it makes you more willing to accept other people's beliefs and customs.

- They say that travel broadens the mind.

PHR: V inflects

broaden

verb

expand

develop

enlarge

extend

increase

spread

stretch

supplement

swell

widen

broaden out *

1. broaden out broadens out; broadening out; broadened out
If something such as a discussion broadens out or if someone broadens it out , the number of things or people that it includes or affects becomes greater.

- The debate is broadening out to include questions about the structure of French education.

- We'll broaden the discussion out in a minute.

PHR-V-ERG

2. broaden out broadens out; broadening out; broadened out
When something such as a river or road broadens out , it becomes wider.

- Here the Nile broadens out between the huge granite boulders.

PHR-V
= widen

broadly based

broadly based
Something that is broadly based involves many different kinds of things or people.

- ... a broadly-based political movement for democracy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also broadly-based

broadminded

[D.J.:ˈbr ɔ:dmaɪndɪd]

[K.K.:ˈbr ɔdmaɪndɪd]

adj.

宽宏大量的,心胸开阔的,无偏见的

broadminded

broadminded
If you describe someone as broadminded , you approve of them because they are willing to accept types of behaviour which other people consider immoral.

- He was always a very fair and broadminded man.

ADJ-GRADED approval
≠ narrow-minded

broadsheet

[D.J.:ˈbrɔ:dʃi:t]

[K.K.:ˈbrɔdˌʃit]

n.

宽幅印刷品(如报纸、广告等)

broadsheet

broadsheet broadsheets
A broadsheet is a newspaper that is printed on large sheets of paper. Broadsheets are generally considered to be more serious than other newspapers. Compare tabloid .
N-COUNT

broadside

[D.J.:ˈbrɔ:dˌsaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈbrɔdˌsaɪd]

n.

<船>(吃水线以上的)舷侧

全部舷侧炮;舷炮齐射

(书面或口头的)猛烈抨击

宽阔面

只有一面印刷字的大张纸

adv.

侧对着,侧向地

漫无目标地,胡乱地

vt.

<美>撞上(车)的一侧

broadside

1. broadside broadsides
A broadside is a strong written or spoken attack on a person or institution.

- The Social Democratic leader launched a broadside against both monetary and political union.

N-COUNT: oft N against n

2. broadside
If a ship is broadside to something, it has its longest side facing in the direction of that thing. (TECHNICAL)

- The ship was moored broadside to the pier.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, oft ADV on , ADV to n

broadside

noun

attack

assault

battering

bombardment

censure

criticism

denunciation

diatribe

brocade

[D.J.:brəʊˈkeɪd]

[K.K.:broˈked]

n.

凸花纹织物，锦缎

vt.

(织物上)织成浮花织锦

brocade

brocade brocades
Brocade is a thick, expensive material, often made of silk, with a raised pattern on it.

- ...a cream brocade waistcoat.

N-MASS

broccoli

[D.J.:ˈbrɔkəli:]

[K.K.:ˈbrɑkəli]

n.

花椰菜,花茎甘蓝

broccoli *

broccoli
Broccoli is a vegetable with green stalks and green or purple tops.
N-UNCOUNT

brochure

[D.J.:ˈbrəuʃuə]

[K.K.:broˈʃʊr]

n.

小册子

brochure **

brochure brochures
A brochure is a magazine or thin book with pictures that gives you information about a product or service.

- ...travel brochures.

N-COUNT

brochure

noun

booklet

advertisement

circular

folder

handbill

hand-out

leaflet

mailshot

pamphlet

brogue

[D.J.:brəuɡ]

[K.K.:broɡ]

n.

土音(尤指爱尔兰人讲英语时的土腔),(旧时爱尔兰人穿的)粗革皮鞋

brogue

1. brogue
If someone has a brogue , they speak English with a strong accent, especially Irish or Scots.

- Gill speaks in a quiet Irish brogue.

N-SING

2. brogue brogues
Brogues are thick leather shoes which have an elaborate pattern punched into the leather.
N-COUNT: usu pl

broil

[D.J.:brɔɪl]

[K.K.:brɔɪl]

vt.

(用火)烤(焙、炙等)

使卷入争吵

使混乱

vi.

被烤(或炙)

发怒;激动

争吵,打架

vt. & vi.

(使)感到很热

(使)受到灼热;(被)暴晒

n.

烤,炙;灼热

烤炙食品

激动

争吵,打架

混乱

broiling

[ˈbrɔiliŋ]

adj.

酷热的,炽热的,似烧的

broil

broil broils broiling broiled
When you broil food, you cook it using very strong heat directly above or below it. (AM; in BRIT use grill )

- I'll broil the lobster.

- ...broiled chicken.

VB

broiling

broiling
If the weather is broiling , it is very hot. (AM, INFORMAL)

- ...the broiling midday sun.

ADJ
= sweltering ≠ freezing

broiler

[D.J.:ˈbrɔilə]

[K.K.:ˈbrɔɪlɚ]

n.

争吵者,酷热的日子

broiler

broiler broilers
A broiler is a part of a stove which produces strong heat and cooks food placed underneath it. (AM; in BRIT use grill )
N-COUNT

broken-down

[D.J.:ˌbrəʊkənˈdaʊn]

[K.K.:ˌbrokənˈdaʊn]

adj.

衰弱的,故障的

broken-down *

broken-down
A broken-down vehicle or machine no longer works because it has something wrong with it.

- ...a broken-down car.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

broken-hearted

adj.

心碎的

broken-hearted

broken-hearted
Someone who is broken-hearted is very sad and upset because they have had a serious disappointment.
ADJ

broker

[D.J.:ˈbrəʊkə]

[K.K.:ˈbrokɚ]

n.

(股票、外币等)经纪人;中间人,代理商

(订合同的)中人

vi.

做掮客(或中人等)

作为权力经纪人进行谈判

vt.

以中间人等身份安排...

brokered

[ˈbrəukəd]

adj.

由权力经纪人安排(或控制)的

broker ***

1. broker brokers
A broker is a person whose job is to buy and sell shares, foreign money, or goods for other people.
N-COUNT

2. broker brokers brokering brokered
If a country or government brokers an agreement, a ceasefire, or a round of talks, they try to negotiate or arrange it.

- The United Nations brokered a peace in Mogadishu at the end of March.

VB
= negotiate

broker

noun

dealer

agent

factor

go-between

intermediary

middleman

negotiator

brokerage

[D.J.:ˈbrəʊkərɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈbrokərɪdʒ]

n.

经纪业

佣金,手续费,经纪费

brokerage *

1. brokerage brokerages
A brokerage or a brokerage firm is a company of brokers.

- ...Japan's four biggest brokerages.

N-COUNT: usu N n

2. brokerage
A brokerage fee or commission is the money charged by a broker for his or her services.
N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

brolly

[D.J.:ˈbrɔli]

[K.K.:ˈbrɑli]

n.

〈英口〉伞

brolly

brolly brollies
A brolly is the same as an umbrella . (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

bromide

[D.J.:ˈbrəʊˌmaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈbroˌmaɪd]

n.

溴化物

溴化物镇静剂,安眠药

陈词滥调

bromide

1. bromide bromides
Bromide is a drug which used to be given to people to calm their nerves when they were worried or upset.

- For the first time for months he was able to sleep without bromides.

N-MASS

2. bromide bromides
A bromide is a comment which is intended to calm someone down when they are angry, but which has been expressed so often that it has become boring and meaningless. (FORMAL)

- The government's actions belie Mr Waldegrave's bromides.

N-COUNT
= platitude

bronchial

[D.J.:ˈbrɔŋkiəl]

[K.K.:ˈbrɑŋkiəl]

adj.

支气管的

bronchial

bronchial
Bronchial means affecting or concerned with the bronchial tubes. (MEDICAL)

- When he was eight, he got ill with bronchial asthma.

ADJ: ADJ n

bronchial tube

bronchial tube bronchial tubes
Your bronchial tubes are the two tubes which connect your windpipe to your lungs. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl

bronchitis

[D.J.:brɔnˈkaɪtɪs, brɔŋ-]

[K.K.:brɑnˈkaɪtɪs, brɑŋ-]

n.

支气管炎

bronchitis

bronchitis
Bronchitis is an illness like a very bad cough, in which your bronchial tubes become sore and infected.

- He was in bed with bronchitis.

N-UNCOUNT

bronco

[D.J.:ˈbrɔŋkəu]

[K.K.:ˈbrɑŋko]

n.

(美国西部的)野马, 半驯化马

bronco

bronco broncos
A bronco is a wild horse in the western United States.

- ...two cowboys riding bucking broncos.

N-COUNT

bronze

[D.J.:brɔnz]

[K.K.:brɑnz]

n.

青铜

青铜色, 赤褐色

青铜艺术品, 铜牌

bronze **

1. bronze
Bronze is a yellowish-brown metal which is a mixture of copper and tin.

- ...a bronze statue of Giorgi Dimitrov.

N-UNCOUNT

2. bronze bronzes
A bronze is a statue or sculpture made of bronze.

- ...a bronze of Napoleon on horseback.

N-COUNT

3. bronze bronzes
A bronze is a bronze medal .
N-COUNT

4. bronze bronzes
Something that is bronze is yellowish-brown in colour.

- Her hair shone bronze and gold.

- ...huge bronze chrysanthemums.

COLOUR

bronze

adjective

reddish-brown

brownish

chestnut

copper

rust

tan

Bronze Age

Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was a period of time which began when people started making things from bronze about 4,000 -- 6,000 years ago.
N-PROPER: the N

bronzed

镀青铜的,青铜色的,晒黑的

bronzed

bronzed
Someone who is bronzed is attractively brown because they have been in the sun.

- He's bronzed from a short holiday in California.

ADJ-GRADED
= tanned

bronze medal *

bronze medal bronze medals
A bronze medal is a medal made of bronze or bronze-coloured metal that is given as a prize to the person who comes third in a competition, especially a sports contest.
N-COUNT

brooch

[D.J.:brəʊtʃ, bru:tʃ]

[K.K.:brotʃ, brutʃ]

n.

胸针, 饰针

brooch

brooch brooches
A brooch is a small piece of jewellery which has a pin at the back so it can be fastened on a dress, blouse, or coat.
N-COUNT

brood

[D.J.:bru:d]

[K.K.:brud]

vt. & vi.

孵蛋

沉思

n.

(雏鸡、鸟等的)一窝

一家的孩子

brood *

1. brood broods
A brood is a group of baby birds that were born at the same time to the same mother.
N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. brood broods
You can refer to someone's young children as their brood when you want to emphasize that there are a lot of them.

- ...a large brood of children.

N-COUNT: usu sing emphasis

3. brood broods brooding brooded
If someone broods over something, they think about it a lot, seriously and often unhappily.

- I guess everyone broods over things once in a while.

- She constantly broods about her family.

- I continued to brood. Would he always be like this?

VB

brooding *

1. brooding
Brooding is used to describe an atmosphere or feeling that makes you feel anxious or slightly afraid. (LITERARY)

- The same heavy, brooding silence descended on them.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. brooding
If someone's expression or appearance is brooding , they look as if they are thinking deeply and seriously about something, especially something that is making them unhappy. (LITERARY)

- She kissed him and gazed into his dark, brooding eyes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

brood

noun

1.

offspring

clutch

family

issue

litter

progeny

verb

2.

think upon

agonize

dwell upon

mope

mull over

muse

ponder

ruminate

broody

[D.J.:ˈbru:di]

[K.K.:ˈbrudi]

adj.

喜伏窝的,多产的,多思考的

broody

1. broody
You say that someone is broody when they are thinking a lot about something in an unhappy way.

- He became very withdrawn and broody.

ADJ-GRADED

2. broody
A broody hen is ready to lay or sit on eggs.
ADJ

3. broody
If you describe a young woman as broody , you mean that she wants to have a baby and she keeps thinking about it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

brook

[D.J.:bruk]

[K.K.:brʊk]

vt.

容忍, 忍受

n.

小溪

brook *

1. brook brooks
A brook is a small stream.
N-COUNT

2. brook brooks brooked brooking
If someone in a position of authority will brook no interference or opposition, they will not accept any interference or opposition from others.

- The Chinese leadership has said it will brook no interference in China's internal affairs.

- The army will brook no weakening of its power.

VB
= tolerate allow

brook

noun

stream

beck

burn

rill

rivulet

watercourse

broom

[D.J.:bru:m]

[K.K.:brum, brʊm]

n.

扫帚

broom *

1. broom brooms
A broom is a kind of brush with a long handle. You use a broom for sweeping the floor.
N-COUNT

2. broom
Broom is a wild bush with a lot of tiny yellow flowers.
N-UNCOUNT

broomstick

[D.J.:ˈbru:mˌstik]

[K.K.:ˈbrumˌstɪk, ˈbrʊm-]

n.

(童话故事中女巫常骑于空中的带柄的)扫帚

broomstick

1. broomstick broomsticks
A broomstick is an old-fashioned broom which has a bunch of small sticks at the end.
N-COUNT

2. broomstick broomsticks
A broomstick is the handle of a broom.
N-COUNT

Bros

n.

(brothers之略)兄弟

Bros.

Bros.
Bros. is an abbreviation for brothers . It is usually used as part of the name of a company.

- ...Lazard Bros. of New York.

= brothers

broth

[D.J.:brɔ:θ, brɔθ]

[K.K.:brɔθ, brɑθ]

n.

肉汤,鱼汤,菜汤

too many cooks spoil the broth

厨师多了烧坏汤；人多手杂反坏事；人多添乱

broth *

broth broths
Broth is a kind of soup. It usually has vegetables or rice in it.
N-VAR

brothel

[D.J.:ˈbrɔθəl, ˈbrɔ:θəl]

[K.K.:ˈbrɑθəl, ˈbrɔθəl]

n.

妓院

brothel *

brothel brothels
A brothel is a building where men pay to have sex with prostitutes.
N-COUNT

brother

[D.J.:ˈbrʌðə]

[K.K.:ˈbrʌðɚ]

n.

兄, 弟

教友, 会友

brother *****

1. brother brothers
Your brother is a boy or a man who has the same parents as you.

- Oh, so you're Peter's younger brother.

- Have you got any brothers and sisters?

N-COUNT: oft poss N
See also half-brother , stepbrother .

2. brother brothers
You can describe a man as your brother if he belongs to the same race, religion, country, profession, or trade union as you, or if he has similar ideas to you.

- He told reporters he'd come to be with his Latvian brothers.

- ...the Cardinal and his brother bishops.

N-COUNT: usu poss N The old-fashioned form brethren is still sometimes used as the plural

3. brother
Brother is a title given to a man who belongs to a religious community such as a monastery.

- ...Brother Otto.

- ...the Christian Brothers community which owns the castle.

N-TITLE; N-COUNT; N-VOC The old-fashioned form brethren is still sometimes used as the plural

4. brother
Brothers is used in the names of some companies and shops.

- ...the film company Warner Brothers...

- I went to Brooks Brothers and bought myself a decent shirt.

N-IN-NAMES

brother

noun

1.

sibling

blood brother

kin

kinsman

relation

relative

2.

monk

cleric

friar

brotherhood

[D.J.:ˈbrʌðəˌhʊd]

[K.K.:ˈbrʌðɚˌhʊd]

n.

兄弟关系,手足之情,同胞之爱

同志关系

(宗教性的)兄弟会

同业公会,协会,兄弟会

(总称)同行,同业;会友

四海之内皆兄弟的信念

brotherhood *

1. brotherhood
Brotherhood is the affection and loyalty that you feel for people who you have something in common with.

- People threw flowers into the river between the two countries as a symbolic act of brotherhood.

- He believed in socialism and the brotherhood of man.

N-UNCOUNT

2. brotherhood brotherhoods
A brotherhood is an organization whose members all have the same political aims and beliefs or the same job or profession.

- ...the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers.

- ...a secret international brotherhood.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

brotherhood

noun

1.

fellowship

brotherliness

camaraderie

companionship

comradeship

friendliness

kinship

2.

association

alliance

community

fraternity

guild

league

order

society

union

brother-in-law

[D.J.:ˈbrʌðərɪnˌlɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈbrʌðərɪnˌlɔ]

n.

内兄,内弟;大伯,小叔

姐夫,妹夫

连襟;丈夫的姐夫,丈夫的妹夫

brother-in-law *

brother-in-law brothers-in-law
Someone's brother-in-law is the brother of their husband or wife, or the man who is married to their sister.
N-COUNT: usu poss N

brotherly

[D.J.:ˈbrʌðəli:]

[K.K.:ˈbrʌðəli]

adj.

兄弟的；兄弟般的；兄弟姐妹般的;情同手足的,友爱的

(男子对女子)友爱的,亲切的

ad.

兄弟般地;友爱地,亲切地

brotherly

brotherly
A man's brotherly feelings are feelings of love and loyalty which you expect a brother to show.

- ...family loyalty and brotherly love...

- He gave her a brief, brotherly kiss.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

brotherly

adjective

kind

affectionate

altruistic

amicable

benevolent

cordial

fraternal

friendly

neighbourly

philanthropic

sympathetic

brouhaha

[D.J.:ˈbru:hɑ:ˌhɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈbruhɑˌhɑ]

n.

混乱, 激动; 喧闹; 暴动

brouhaha

brouhaha
A brouhaha is an excited and critical fuss or reaction to something. (mainly JOURNALISM)

- ...the recent brouhaha over a congressional pay raise.

N-SING: also no det disapproval

brow

[D.J.:brau]

[K.K.:braʊ]

n.

额

眉, 眉毛

brow *

1. brow brows
Your brow is your forehead.

- He wiped his brow with the back of his hand.

- She wrinkled her brow inquisitively.

N-COUNT: usu poss N
= forehead

to knit your brow : see knit .

2. brow brows
Your brows are your eyebrows .

- He had thick brown hair and shaggy brows.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. brow brows
The brow of a hill is the top part of it.

- He was on the look-out just below the brow of the hill.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

browbeat

[D.J.:ˈbraʊˌbi:t]

[K.K.:ˈbraʊˌbit]

vt.

(以言辞或表情)威逼,恫吓

browbeat

1. browbeat browbeats browbeating browbeaten
If someone tries to browbeat you, they try to force you to do what they want.

- ...attempts to deceive, con, or browbeat the voters...

- When I backed out of the 100 metres, an older kid tried to browbeat me into it.

VB The form browbeat is used in the present tense and is also the past tense

2. browbeaten

- ...the browbeaten employees.

ADJ-GRADED

browbeat

verb

bully

badger

coerce

dragoon

hector

intimidate

ride roughshod over

threaten

tyrannize

brown

[D.J.:braun]

[K.K.:braʊn]

adj.

棕色的, 褐色的

n.

深色, 褐色

browning

[ˈbrauniŋ]

n.

(调制肉汁用的)棕色着色剂

brown *****

1. brown browns browner brownest
Something that is brown is the colour of earth or of wood.

- ...her deep brown eyes...

- The stairs are decorated in golds and earthy browns.

COLOUR

2. brown browner brownest
You can describe a white-skinned person as brown when they have been sitting in the sun until their skin has become darker than usual.

- I don't want to be really really brown, just have a nice light golden colour.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= tanned

3. brown
If someone browns in the sun they become brown in colour.

- Her skin was of the fortunate kind that could brown in the sun without burning.

- There were many gorgeous females busy browning themselves.

VB

4. brown
A brown person is someone who belongs to a race of people who have brown-coloured skins.

- ...a slim brown man with a speckled turban.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

5. brown
Brown is used to describe grains that have not had their outer layers removed, and foods made from these grains.

- ...brown bread.

- ...spicy tomato sauce served over a bed of brown rice.

ADJ-UNGRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ white

6. brown browns browning browned
When food browns or when you brown food, you cook it, usually for a short time on a high flame.

- Cook for ten minutes until the sugar browns.

- He browned the chicken in a frying pan.

V-ERG

brown

adjective

1.

brunette

auburn

bay

bronze

chestnut

chocolate

coffee

dun

hazel

sunburnt

tan

tanned

tawny

umber

verb

2.

fry

cook

grill

saut´e

seal

sear

browned off

browned off
If you say that you are browned off , you mean that you are annoyed and depressed. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Far from being content with their lot, these graduates are pretty browned off.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= fed up

brownfield

[D.J.:ˈbraunfi:ld]

[K.K.:ˈbraʊnˌfild]

adj.

棕色地带

brownfield

brownfield
Brownfield land is land in a town or city where houses or factories have been built in the past, but which is not being used at the present time.

- By 2005 he wants half of all new houses to be built on previously developed land: so-called brownfield sites.

ADJ

brownie

[D.J.:ˈbrauni]

[K.K.:ˈbraʊni]

n.

核仁巧克力饼

brownie *

1. brownie brownies
Brownies are small flat biscuits or cakes. They are usually chocolate flavoured and have nuts in them.

- ...chocolate brownies...

- Michael picked up a tray of brownies in the kitchen.

N-COUNT: oft n N

2. brownie
The Brownies is a junior version of the Girl Guides in Britain for girls between the ages of seven and ten, or of the Girl Scouts in the United States for girls between the ages of six and eight.
N-PROPER-COLL: the N The spelling Brownie is also used

3. brownie brownies
A Brownie is a girl who is a member of the Brownies.
N-COUNT The spelling Brownie is also used

brownie point

brownie point brownie points
If someone does something to score brownie points , they do it because they think they will be praised for it.

- They're just trying to score brownie points with politicians.

N-COUNT: usu pl disapproval

brownish

[ˈbrauniʃ]

adj.

呈褐色的

brownish

brownish
Something that is brownish is slightly brown in colour.
COLOUR

brown-nosing

brown-nosing
If you accuse someone of brown-nosing , you are saying in a rather offensive way that they are agreeing with someone important in order to get their support. (RUDE)

- He'd pushed his way to his present moderate eminence by a mixture of hard work, brown-nosing, and ruthless opportunism.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

brownstone

[D.J.:ˈbraunstəun]

[K.K.:ˈbraʊnˌston]

n.

褐色砂石,赤褐色砂石建筑

adj.

上流社会的,富有阶级的

brownstone

brownstone brownstones
In the United States, a brownstone is a type of house which was built during the 19th century. Brownstones have a front that is made from a reddish-brown stone.
N-COUNT

browse

[D.J.:brauz]

[K.K.:braʊz]

vi.

吃草

随意翻阅

browsing

浏览

browse *

1. browse browses browsing browsed
If you browse in a shop, you look at things in a fairly casual way, in the hope that you might find something you like.

- I stopped in several bookstores to browse.

- She browsed in an up-market antiques shop.

- I'm just browsing around.

VB

2. browse browses
Also a noun.

- ...a browse around the shops.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. browse browses browsing browsed
If you browse through a book or magazine, you look through it in a fairly casual way.

- ...sitting on the sofa browsing through the TV pages of the paper...

- There are plenty of biographies for him to browse over.

VB

4. browse browses browsing browsed
If you browse on a computer, you search for information in computer files or on the Internet, especially on the World Wide Web.

- Try browsing around in the network bulletin boards.

VB

5. browse browses browsing browsed
When animals browse , they feed on plants.

- ...the three red deer stags browsing 50 yards from my lodge on the fringes of the forest.

VB

browse

verb

1.

skim

dip into

examine cursorily

flip through

glance at

leaf through

look round

look through

peruse

scan

survey

2.

graze

eat

feed

nibble

browser

[D.J.:ˈbrauzə]

[K.K.:ˈbraʊzɚ]

n.

浏览程序, 浏览器(用于在互联网上查阅信息)

浏览图书报刊者; 逛商店的人

browser

1. browser browsers
A browser is a piece of computer software that you use to search for information on the Internet, especially on the World Wide Web.

N-COUNT

2. browser browsers
A browser is someone who browses in a shop.

- ...a casual browser.

N-COUNT

bruise

[D.J.:bru:z]

[K.K.:bruz]

n.

瘀伤, 伤痕, 擦伤

vt. & vi.

(使)碰伤[擦伤], (使)成瘀伤

bruising

压扁;硬伤

bruise **

1. bruise bruises
A bruise is an injury which appears as a purple mark on your body, although the skin is not broken.

- How did you get that bruise on your cheek?.

- She was treated for cuts and bruises.

N-COUNT

2. bruise bruises bruising bruised
If you bruise a part of your body, a bruise appears on it, for example because something hits you. If you bruise easily, bruises appear when something hits you only slightly.

- I had only bruised my knee.

V-ERG

3. bruised

- I escaped with severely bruised legs.

ADJ-GRADED

4. bruise bruises bruising bruised
If a fruit, vegetable, or plant bruises or is bruised , it is damaged by being handled roughly, making a mark on the skin.

- Choose a warm, dry day to cut them off the plants, being careful not to bruise them.

- ...bruised tomatoes and cucumbers...

- Be sure to store them carefully as they bruise easily.

V-ERG

5. bruise bruises
Also a noun.

- ...bruises on the fruit's skin.

N-COUNT

6. bruise bruises bruising bruised
If you are bruised by an unpleasant experience, it makes you feel unhappy or upset.

- The government will be severely bruised by yesterday's events.

- Their egos are so easily bruised.

VB: usu passive
= wound

7. bruising

- The bruising experience of near-bankruptcy has left him chastened.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

bruising *

1. bruising
If someone has bruising on their body, they have bruises on it. (FORMAL)

- She had quite severe bruising and a cut lip.

N-UNCOUNT
= bruises contusions

2. bruising
In a bruising battle or encounter, people fight or compete with each other in a very aggressive or determined way. (JOURNALISM)

- The administration hopes to avoid another bruising battle over civil rights.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

bruise

verb

1.

discolour

damage

injure

mar

mark

pound

noun

2.

discoloration

black mark

blemish

contusion

injury

mark

swelling

bruiser

[D.J.:ˈbru:zə]

[K.K.:ˈbruzɚ]

n.

(尤指)职业拳击家,彪形大汉,粗壮的人

bruiser

bruiser bruisers
A bruiser is someone who is tough, strong, and aggressive, and enjoys a fight or argument. (INFORMAL)

- Dad was a docker and a bit of a bruiser in his day.

N-COUNT disapproval

Brummie

[ˈbrʌmi]

n.

〈英口〉伯明翰人

Brummie

1. Brummie
Brummie means belonging to or coming from Birmingham in England. (INFORMAL)

- ...a Brummie accent.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Brummie Brummies
A Brummie is someone who comes from Birmingham.
N-COUNT

brunch

[D.J.:brʌntʃ]

[K.K.:brʌntʃ]

n.

早午餐

brunch

brunch brunches
Brunch is a meal that is eaten in the late morning. It is a combination of breakfast and lunch.
N-VAR

brunette

[D.J.:bru:ˈnet]

[K.K.:bruˈnɛt]

n.

黑头发的妇女，咖啡色头发的女人，深褐色头发的白人女子

adj.

(头发等)黑色的；深褐色的

具有黑色或深褐色头发和浅黑色皮肤的

brunette

brunette brunettes
A brunette is a white-skinned woman or girl with dark brown hair.
N-COUNT

brunt

[D.J.:brʌnt]

[K.K.:brʌnt]

n.

冲击,撞击

冲击最重的部分

bear the brunt of sth

首当其冲

brunt *

brunt
To bear the brunt or take the brunt of something unpleasant means to suffer the main part or force of it.

- Young people are bearing the brunt of unemployment.

- A child's head tends to take the brunt of any fall.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR of n

brunt

noun

full force

burden

force

impact

pressure

shock

strain

stress

thrust

violence

bruschetta

bruschetta bruschettas
Bruschetta is a slice of toasted bread which is brushed with olive oil and usually covered with chopped tomatoes.
N-VAR

brush

[D.J.:brʌʃ]

[K.K.:brʌʃ]

n.

刷子; 画笔; 毛笔

擦, 吹拂; 刷

小冲突, 小争执, 小摩擦

vt. & vi.

擦; 刷

轻触, 掠过

brushed

[D.J.:brʌʃt]

[K.K.:brʌʃt]

adj.

(布)非常柔软的, 起绒的

brushing

[ˈbrʌʃiŋ]

adj.

疾驰的;掠过的

n.

刷光,擦光

brush ***

1. brush brushes
A brush is an object which has a large number of bristles or hairs fixed to it. You use brushes for painting, for cleaning things, and for tidying your hair.

- We gave him paint and brushes.

- Stains are removed with buckets of soapy water and scrubbing brushes.

- ...a hair brush.

N-COUNT

2. brush brushes brushing brushed
If you brush something or brush something such as dirt off it, you clean it or tidy it using a brush.

- Have you brushed your teeth?.

- She brushed the powder out of her hair.

- Using a small brush, he brushed away the fine sawdust.

VB

3. brush
Also a noun.

- I gave it a quick brush with my hairbrush.

N-SING: a N

4. brush brushes brushing brushed
If you brush something with a liquid, you apply a layer of that liquid using a brush.

- Take a sheet of filo pastry and brush it with melted butter.

VB

5. brush brushes brushing brushed
If you brush something somewhere, you remove it with quick light movements of your hands.

- He brushed his hair back with both hands.

- She brushed away tears as she spoke of him.

- He brushed the snow off the windshield.

VB

6. brush brushes brushing brushed
If one thing brushes against another or if you brush one thing against another, the first thing touches the second thing lightly while passing it.

- Something brushed against her leg.

- I felt her dark brown hair brushing the back of my shoulder.

- She knelt and brushed her lips softly across Michael's cheek.

V-ERG

7. brush brushes brushing brushed
If you brush past someone or brush by them, you almost touch them as you go past them. (WRITTEN)

- My father would burst into the kitchen, brushing past my mother.

- He brushed by with a perfunctory wave to the crowd.

VB

8. brush brushes
If you have a brush with someone, you have an argument or disagreement with them. You use brush when you want to make an argument or disagreement sound less serious than it really is.

- My first brush with a headmaster came six years ago.

- It is his third brush with the law in less than a year.

N-COUNT: usu N with n vagueness

9. brush brushes
If you have a brush with a particular situation, usually an unpleasant one, you almost experience it.

- ...the trauma of a brush with death...

- The corporation is fighting to survive its second brush with bankruptcy.

N-COUNT: N with n
= encounter

10. brush
Brush is an area of rough open land covered with small bushes and trees. You also use brush to refer to the bushes and trees on this land.

- ...the brush fire that destroyed nearly 500 acres.

- ...a meadow of low brush and grass.

N-UNCOUNT
= bush

brushed

brushed
Brushed cotton, nylon, or other fabric feels soft and furry.
ADJ: ADJ n

brush

noun

1.

broom

besom

sweeper

2.

encounter

clash

conflict

confrontation

skirmish

tussle

verb

3.

clean

buff

paint

polish

sweep

wash

4.

touch

flick

glance

graze

kiss

scrape

stroke

sweep

brush

noun

shrubs

brushwood

bushes

copse

scrub

thicket

undergrowth

brush aside, brush away ***

brush aside brushes aside; brushing aside; brushed aside
If you brush aside or brush away an idea, remark, or feeling, you refuse to consider it because you think it is not important or useful, even though it may be.

- Perhaps you shouldn't brush the idea aside too hastily.

- He brushed away my views on politics.

PHR-V
= ignore

brush off ***

brush off brushes off; brushing off; brushed off
If someone brushes you off when you speak to them, they refuse to talk to you or be nice to you.

- When I tried to talk to her about it she just brushed me off.

PHR-V
See also brush-off .

brush off

verb Slang

ignore

disdain

dismiss

disregard

reject

repudiate

scorn

snub

spurn

brush up, brush up on ***

brush up brushes up; brushing up; brushed up
If you brush up something or brush up on it, you practise it or improve your knowledge of it.

- I had hoped to brush up my Spanish.

- Eleanor spent much of the summer brushing up on her driving.

PHR-V

brush up

verb

revise

bone up informal

cram

go over

polish up

read up

refresh one's memory

relearn

study

brush-off

[D.J.:ˈbrʌʃˌɔ:f, -ˌɔf]

[K.K.:ˈbrʌʃˌɔf, -ˌɑf]

n.

〈美俚〉拒绝,断然解雇

brush-off

brush-off
If someone gives you the brush-off when you speak to them, they refuse to talk to you or be nice to you. (INFORMAL)

- I knew when she said, `Well, it's not a good time right now,' that I was being given the brush-off.

N-SING

brushstroke

n.

一笔,一画,绘画的技巧

brushstroke

brushstroke brushstrokes
Brushstrokes are the marks made on a surface by a painter's brush.

- He paints with harsh, slashing brushstrokes.

N-COUNT

brushwood

[D.J.:ˈbrʌʃwud]

[K.K.:ˈbrʌʃˌwʊd]

n.

矮灌木丛

brushwood

brushwood
Brushwood consists of small pieces of wood that have broken off trees and bushes.
N-UNCOUNT

brushwork

[D.J.:ˈbrʌʃwə:k]

[K.K.:ˈbrʌʃˌwɚk]

n.

绘画,画法,画家的风格

brushwork

brushwork
An artist's brushwork is their way of using their brush to put paint on a canvas and the effect that this has in the picture.

- His colour and brushwork are daring, striving towards a bold effect.

N-UNCOUNT

brusque

[D.J.:brʌsk]

[K.K.:brʌsk]

adj.

粗鲁的,莽撞的

brusquely

adv.

brusqueness

n.

brusquely

adv.

唐突地,粗率地

brusque

1. brusque
If you describe a person or their behaviour as brusque , you mean that they deal with things, or say things, quickly and shortly, so that they seem to be rude.

- The doctors are brusque and busy.

- They received a characteristically brusque reply from him.

ADJ-GRADED
= abrupt

2. brusquely

- `It's only a sprain,' Paula said brusquely.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

brusque

adjective

curt

abrupt

discourteous

gruff

impolite

sharp

short

surly

terse

brussels sprout

brussels sprout brussels sprouts
Brussels sprouts are vegetables that look like tiny cabbages.
N-COUNT: usu pl also Brussels sprout .
= sprout

brutal

[D.J.:ˈbru:tl]

[K.K.:ˈbrutl]

adj.

无情的, 野蛮的

brutally

[D.J.:ˈbru:təlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbrut l..ɪ]

adv.

残忍地,野蛮地

brutal **

1. brutal
A brutal act or person is cruel and violent.

- He was the victim of a very brutal murder.

- ...the brutal suppression of anti-government protests...

- Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very brutal and reckless.

ADJ-GRADED
= vicious savage

2. brutally

- Her real parents had been brutally murdered.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. brutal
If someone expresses something unpleasant with brutal honesty or frankness, they express it in a clear and accurate way, without attempting to disguise its unpleasantness.

- It was refreshing to talk about themselves and their feelings with brutal honesty.

- He took an anguished breath. He had to be brutal and say it.

ADJ-GRADED

4. brutally

- The talks had been brutally frank.

- `Lotte Bruckner is dead.' It came out more brutally than Brand had intended.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

5. brutal
Brutal is used to describe things that have an unpleasant effect on people, especially when there is no attempt by anyone to reduce their effect.

- The dip in prices this summer will be brutal.

- The afternoon sun had been brutal.

- ...The twentieth century brought brutal change to some countries.

ADJ-GRADED
= merciless

6. brutally

- The early-morning New York air can be brutally cold.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj
= mercilessly

brutal

adjective

1.

cruel

bloodthirsty

heartless

inhuman

ruthless

savage

uncivilized

vicious

2.

harsh

callous

gruff

impolite

insensitive

rough

rude

severe

brutality

[D.J.:bru:ˈtælɪti:]

[K.K.:bruˈtælɪti]

n.

残忍,野蛮,粗暴

暴虐行为,野蛮行为

brutality *

brutality brutalities
Brutality is cruel and violent treatment or behaviour. A brutality is an instance of cruel and violent treatment or behaviour.

- Her experience of men was of domination and brutality.

- ...police brutality.

- ...the atrocities and brutalities committed by a former regime.

N-VAR

brutality

noun

cruelty

atrocity

barbarism

bloodthirstiness

ferocity

inhumanity

ruthlessness

savagery

viciousness

brutalize

[D.J.:ˈbru:tlˌaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈbrutl..ˌaɪz]

vt.

使丧失人类情感;使变残忍

残酷对待

vi.

变残忍,变粗暴

brutalize

1. brutalize brutalizes brutalizing brutalized
If an unpleasant experience brutalizes someone, it makes them cruel or violent.

- The occupation brutalized many French men and women.

- He was selfish, guarded, and brutalized by his Civil War experiences.

VB (BRIT) also brutalise

2. brutalize brutalizes brutalizing brutalized
If one person brutalizes another, they treat them in a cruel or violent way.

- The policemen brutalized him and concocted his confessions.

VB (BRIT) also brutalise

brute

[D.J.:bru:t]

[K.K.:brut]

n.

兽, 畜生

残酷无情的人, 人面兽心的人

兽性

adj.

畜生的;畜生般的

残忍的;蛮横的

淫荡的

没有理性的

brute *

1. brute brutes
If you call someone, usually a man, a brute , you mean that they are rough, violent, and insensitive.

- Custer was an idiot and a brute and he deserved his fate.

- ...a drunken brute.

N-COUNT disapproval

2. brute
When you refer to brute strength or force, you are contrasting it with gentler methods or qualities.

- He used brute force to take control.

- Boxing is a test of skill and technique, rather than brute strength.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. brute
Brute emotions or facts are basic feelings or responses to a situation, or the basic facts of this situation.

- ...brute loyalty to the herd.

- ...brute historical fact.

- ...the brute ugliness of nationalism and chauvinism.

ADJ: ADJ n

brute

noun

1.

savage

barbarian

beast

devil

fiend

monster

sadist

swine

2.

animal

beast

creature

wild animal

adjective

3.

mindless

bodily

carnal

fleshly

instinctive

physical

senseless

unthinking

brutish

[D.J.:ˈbru:tiʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbrutɪʃ]

adj.

如野兽般的,粗野的

brutish

brutish
If you describe a person or their behaviour as brutish , you think that they are brutal and uncivilised.

- The man was brutish and coarse.

- ...brutish bullying.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

BS

abbr.

British Standard 英国标准

Broadcast service 广播服务

BS

abbr.

British Standard 英国标准

BS *

1. BS
BS is an abbreviation for `British Standard', which is a standard that something sold in Britain must reach in a test to prove that it is satisfactory or safe. Each standard has a number for reference.

- Does your electric blanket conform to BS 3456?

2. BS
A BS is the same as a BSc . (AM)

3. BS
If you describe something as BS , you are saying that it is nonsense or completely untrue. BS is an abbreviation for `bullshit'. (mainly AM, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- A lot of what he's been hearing from the federal government is, quote, BS.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

BSc

abbr.

Bachelor of Science理学士

BSc *

1. BSc BScs
A BSc is a first degree in a science subject. BSc is an abbreviation for `Bachelor of Science'.

- He completed his BSc in chemistry in 1934.

N-COUNT The spelling B.Sc. is also used, mainly in American English.

2. BSc
BSc is written after someone's name to indicate that they have a BSc.

- ...J. Hodgkison BSc.

The spelling B.Sc. is also used, mainly in American English.

BSE

abbr.

bovino spongiform encephalopathy 牛海绵状脑病, 疯牛病

BSE

abbr.

bovino spongiform encephalopathy 牛海绵状脑病，疯牛病

BSE

BSE
BSE is a disease which affects the nervous system of cattle and kills them. BSE is an abbreviation for `bovine spongiform encephalopathy'.
N-UNCOUNT
= mad cow disease

B-side

[D.J.:ˈbi:ˌsaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈbiˌsaɪd]

n.

唱片的B面

B-side

B-side B-sides
The B-side of a pop record has the less important or less popular song on it. Compare A-side .

- ...a compilation of the band's A and B-sides.

N-COUNT

BTW

abbr.

By The Way 顺便(说一句)

BTW

abbr.

By The Way 顺便(说一句)

BTW

BTW is the written abbreviation for `by the way', mainly used in e-mail. (COMPUTING)

bubble

[D.J.:ˈbʌbl]

[K.K.:ˈbʌbəl]

n.

泡, 水泡, 气泡

泡影, 幻想

vt. & vi.

起泡, 使冒气泡

bubbling

鼓泡;冒泡;油漆起泡

bubble **

1. bubble bubbles
Bubbles are small balls of air or gas in a liquid.

- Ink particles attach themselves to air bubbles and rise to the surface.

- ...a bubble of gas trapped under the surface.

N-COUNT

2. bubble bubbles
A bubble is a hollow ball of soapy liquid that is floating in the air or standing on a surface.

- With soap and water, bubbles and boats, children love bathtime.

N-COUNT

3. bubble bubbles
In a cartoon, a speech bubble is the shape which surrounds the words which a character is thinking or saying.
N-COUNT

4. bubble bubbles bubbling bubbled
When a liquid bubbles , bubbles move in it, for example because it is boiling or moving quickly.

- Heat the seasoned stock until it is bubbling.

- The coffeepot bubbled, filling the room with fragrance.

- The fermenting wine has bubbled up and over the top.

- Danny looked down at the stream bubbling through the trees nearby.

VB

5. bubble bubbles bubbling bubbled
If something bubbles , it is very active. (WRITTEN)

- At the same time, the press bubbles with stories of the sale of Russian arms to Serbia.

- The show bubbles like pink champagne with pretty sets, exquisite costumes and enchanting dance routines.

VB

6. bubble bubbles bubbling bubbled
A feeling, influence, or activity that is bubbling away continues to occur.

- ...political tensions that have been bubbling away for years...

- Rumours of financial scandals have come bubbling back to the surface.

- Retail sales and car sales have been bubbling along, quite nicely, for some months.

VB: usu cont

7. bubble bubbles bubbling bubbled
Someone who is bubbling with a good feeling is so full of it that they keep expressing the way they feel to everyone around them.

- She came to the phone bubbling with excitement.

- She came back bubbling with ideas.

VB: usu cont

8. bubble over bubbles over; bubbling over; bubbled over
Bubble over means the same as bubble .

- He was quite tireless, bubbling over with vitality.

PHR-V

9. bubble bubbles
Also a noun.

- As she spoke she felt a bubble of optimism rising inside her.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

10. bubble
If you say that the bubble has burst , or that the bubble has been pricked , you mean that a situation or idea which seemed wonderful has ended or has stopped seeming wonderful.

- It was only a matter of time before this bubble burst.

- ...their confidence that they can prick a speculative bubble without hurting the real economy.

PHR: V inflects

bubble

noun

1.

air ball

bead

blister

blob

drop

droplet

globule

verb

2.

foam

boil

effervesce

fizz

froth

percolate

seethe

sparkle

3.

gurgle

babble

burble

murmur

ripple

trickle

bubble up **

bubble up bubbles up; bubbling up; bubbled up
A feeling that is bubbling up inside you is growing stronger and stronger.

- She could feel the anger growing, bubbling up inside her.

PHR-V

bubble and squeak

bubble and squeak
In Britain, bubble and squeak is a dish made from a mixture of cold cooked cabbage, potato, and sometimes meat. It can be grilled or fried.
N-UNCOUNT

bubble bath

1. bubble bath
Bubble bath is a liquid that smells nice and makes a lot of bubbles when you add it to your bath water.
N-UNCOUNT

2. bubble bath bubble baths
When you have a bubble bath , you lie in a bath of water with bubble bath in it.

- ...a long, relaxing bubble bath.

N-COUNT

bubble gum

bubble gum
Bubble gum is a sweet substance similar to chewing gum. You can blow it out of your mouth so it makes the shape of a bubble.

- I got bubblegum on the seat of Nanna's car.

N-UNCOUNT also bubblegum .

bubbly

[D.J.:ˈbʌbli]

[K.K.:ˈbʌbli]

adj.

充满泡沫的

生气勃勃的, 得意洋洋的

bubbly *

1. bubbly
Someone who is bubbly is very lively and cheerful and talks a lot.

- ...a bubbly girl who loves to laugh...

- She had a bright and bubbly personality.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= bouncy

2. bubbly
Champagne is sometimes called bubbly . (INFORMAL)

- Guests were presented with glasses of bubbly on arrival.

N-UNCOUNT

3. bubbly
If something is bubbly , it has a lot of bubbles in it.

- ...a nice hot bubbly bath...

- Melt the butter over a medium-low heat. When it is melted and bubbly, put in the flour.

ADJ-GRADED

bubbly

adjective

1.

lively

animated

bouncy

elated

excited

happy

merry

sparky

2.

frothy

carbonated

effervescent

fizzy

foamy

sparkling

bubonic plague

bubonic plague
Bubonic plague is a serious infectious disease spread by rats. It killed many people during the Middle Ages.
N-UNCOUNT
= plague

buccaneer

[D.J.:ˌbʌkəˈniə]

[K.K.:ˌbʌkəˈnɪr]

n.

海盗

vi.

做海盗

buccaneer

1. buccaneer buccaneers
A buccaneer was a pirate , especially one who attacked and stole from Spanish ships in the 17th and 18th centuries.
N-COUNT

2. buccaneer buccaneers
If you describe someone as a buccaneer , you mean that they are clever and successful, especially in business, but you do not completely trust them. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

buccaneer

noun

pirate

corsair

freebooter

privateer

sea-rover

buccaneering

[D.J.:ˌbʌkəˈnɪərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˌbʌkəˈnɪrɪŋ]

n.

海盗行为,掠夺

adj.

海盗的

buccaneering

buccaneering
If you describe someone as buccaneering , you mean that they enjoy being involved in risky or even dishonest activities, especially in order to make money. (BRIT)

- ...a buccaneering British businessman.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

buck

[D.J.:bʌk]

[K.K.:bʌk]

n.

雄鹿, 雄兔

(英国十九世纪初的)花花公子

vt. & vi.

(马等)猛然弓背跃起

bucked

[bʌkt]

adj.

快

bucking

造材

buck **

1. buck bucks
A buck is a US or Australian dollar. (INFORMAL)

- That would probably cost you about fifty bucks.

- Why can't you spend a few bucks on a coat?.

- This means big bucks for someone.

N-COUNT
= dollar

2. buck bucks
A buck is the male of various animals, including the deer, antelope, rabbit and kangaroo.
N-COUNT

3. buck bucks
A buck is a young Native American or African American man. (AM, INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)

- He'd been a real hell-raiser as a young buck.

N-COUNT

4. buck
If someone has buck teeth, their upper front teeth stick forward out of their mouth.
ADJ: ADJ n
= protruding

5. buck bucks bucking bucked
If a horse bucks , it kicks both of its back legs wildly into the air, or jumps into the air wildly with all four feet off the ground.

- The stallion bucked as he fought against the reins holding him tightly in.

- ...cowboys riding bucking broncos.

VB

6. buck bucks bucking bucked
If you buck the trend, you obtain different results from others in the same area. If you buck the system, you get what you want by breaking or ignoring the rules.

- While other newspapers are losing circulation, we are bucking the trend.

- He wants to be the tough rebel who bucks the system.

- The company believes it is bucking the recession and says orders continue to be satisfactory.

VB

7. buck
If you get more bang for the buck , you spend your money wisely and get more for your money than if you were to spend it in a different way. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- I think it's very important for those governments to do whatever they can to get a bigger bang for the buck.

PHR: usu v compar PHR
= value for money

8. buck
When someone makes a fast buck or makes a quick buck , they earn a lot of money quickly and easily, often by doing something which is considered to be dishonest. (INFORMAL)

- His life isn't ruled by looking for a fast buck.

- They were just in it to make a quick buck.

PHR: usu v PHR

9. buck
If you are trying to make a buck , you are trying to earn some money. (INFORMAL)

- The owners don't want to overlook any opportunity to make a buck.

PHR: V inflects

10. buck
Someone who is buck naked is not wearing any clothes at all. (AM, INFORMAL)
PHR
= stark naked

11. buck
If you pass the buck , you refuse to accept responsibility for something, and say that someone else is responsible. (INFORMAL)

- David says the responsibility is Mr Smith's and it's no good trying to pass the buck.

PHR: V inflects

12. buck
If you say ` The buck stops here ' or ` The buck stops with me', you mean that you have to take responsibility for something and will not try to pass the responsibility on to someone else. (INFORMAL)

- The buck stops with him. He is ultimately responsible for every aspect of the broadcast.

PHR: V inflects

13. buck for bucks for; bucking for; bucked for
If you are bucking for something, you are working very hard to get it. (AM)

- She is bucking for a promotion.

PHR-V

buck up **

1. buck up bucks up; bucking up; bucked up
If you buck someone up or buck up their spirits, you say or do something to make them more cheerful. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Anything anybody said to him to try and buck him up wouldn't sink in.

- The aim, it seemed, was to buck up their spirits in the face of the recession.

PHR-V
= cheer up

2. buck up bucks up; bucking up; bucked up
If you tell someone to buck up or to buck up their ideas, you are telling them to start behaving in a more positive and efficient manner. (INFORMAL)

- People are saying if we don't buck up we'll be in trouble.

- Buck up your ideas or you'll get more of the same treatment.

PHR-V
= pull one's socks up

bucket

[D.J.:ˈbʌkit]

[K.K.:ˈbʌkɪt]

n.

水桶

bucket **

1. bucket buckets
A bucket is a round metal or plastic container with a handle attached to its sides. Buckets are often used for holding and carrying water.

- We drew water in a bucket from the well outside the door.

- The girls happily played in the sand and sea with buckets and spades.

N-COUNT

2. bucket buckets
A bucket of water is the amount of water contained in a bucket.

- She threw a bucket of water over them.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= bucketful

3. bucket
Buckets or bucket-loads of something means a large amount of it. (INFORMAL)

- They obviously have buckets of confidence.

- They didn't exactly sell bucket-loads of records the first time around.

QUANT: QUANT of n-uncount/pl-n
= bucketful

4. bucket buckets
If someone cries buckets , they cry a lot because they are very upset. If it rains buckets , it rains a lot. (INFORMAL)

- He was weeping buckets.

- The rain was still coming down in buckets when we went back out.

N-PLURAL

5. bucket
If you say that someone has kicked the bucket , you mean that they have died. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects

bucket down **

bucket down buckets down; bucketing down; bucketed down
If the rain buckets down , or if it buckets down with rain, it rains very heavily. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- As soon as we were inside, the rain began to bucket down.

- If it hadn't been bucketing down with rain and blowing a gale, I would have had a glorious view.

PHR-V
= pour

bucketful

[ˈbʌkitful]

n.

满桶,一桶之量

bucketful

1. bucketful bucketfuls
A bucketful of something is the amount contained in a bucket.
N-COUNT: usu N of n
= bucket

2. bucketful
If someone produces or gets something by the bucketful , they produce or get something in large quantities. (INFORMAL)

- Over the years they have sold records by the bucketful.

PHR: PHR after v

bucket seat

bucket seat bucket seats
A bucket seat is a seat for one person in a car or aeroplane which has rounded sides that partly enclose and support the body.
N-COUNT

buckle

[ˈbʌkl]

vt. & vi.

用搭扣扣紧

(使)变形, 弯曲

n.

搭扣, 扣环

buckled

adj.

有扣的

buckling

[ˈbʌkliŋ]

n.

扣住

buckle *

1. buckle buckles
A buckle is a piece of metal or plastic attached to one end of a belt or strap, which is used to fasten it.

- He wore a belt with a large brass buckle.

N-COUNT

2. buckle buckles buckling buckled
When you buckle a belt or strap, you fasten it.

- A door slammed in the house and a man came out buckling his belt.

VB

3. buckle buckles buckling buckled
If an object buckles or if something buckles it, it becomes bent as a result of very great heat or force.

- The door was beginning to buckle from the intense heat.

- A freak wave had buckled the deck.

V-ERG

4. buckle buckles buckling buckled
If your legs or knees buckle , they bend because they have become very weak or tired.

- Mcanally's knees buckled and he crumpled down onto the floor.

- His right leg buckled under him.

VB

buckled

buckled
Buckled shoes have buckles on them, either to fasten them or as decoration.
ADJ: ADJ n

buckle

noun

1.

fastener

catch

clasp

clip

hasp

verb

2.

fasten

clasp

close

hook

secure

3.

distort

bend

bulge

cave in

collapse

contort

crumple

fold

twist

warp

buckle down *

buckle down buckles down; buckling down; buckled down
If you buckle down to something, you start working seriously at it. (INFORMAL)

- He has buckled down to work in the reserves.

- I just buckled down and got on with playing.

PHR-V
= knuckle down

buckle under *

buckle under buckles under; buckling under; buckled under
If you buckle under to a person or a situation, you do what they want you to do, even though you do not want to do it.

- Protesters accused Wilson of buckling under to right-wing religious groups.

- If he yelled and screamed, my parents buckled under and gave him whatever he wanted.

PHR-V

buckle up *

buckle up buckles up; buckling up; buckled up
When you buckle up in a car or a plane, you fasten your seat belt. (INFORMAL)

- A sign just ahead of me said, Buckle Up. It's the Law.

PHR-V

Bucks Fizz

Bucks Fizz
Bucks Fizz is a drink made by mixing champagne or another fizzy white wine with orange juice. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT also Buck's Fizz .

buckshot

[D.J.:ˈbʌkʃɔt]

[K.K.:ˈbʌkˌʃɑt]

n.

〈美〉(猎兽用的)大型铅弹

buckshot

buckshot
Buckshot consists of pieces of lead fired from a gun when hunting animals.
N-UNCOUNT

buckskin

[D.J.:ˈbʌkˌskin]

[K.K.:ˈbʌkˌskɪn]

n.

鹿皮, 硝好的羊皮

buckskin

buckskin
Buckskin is soft, strong leather made from the skin of a deer or a goat.
N-UNCOUNT

buckwheat

[D.J.:ˈbʌkwi:t]

[K.K.:ˈbʌkˌhwit, -ˌwit]

n.

蓼科荞麦属,荞麦,荞麦种,荞麦粉

buckwheat

buckwheat
Buckwheat is a type of small black grain used for feeding animals and making flour. Buckwheat also refers to the flour itself.
N-UNCOUNT

bucolic

[D.J.:bju:ˈkɔlɪk]

[K.K.:bjuˈkɑlɪk]

adj.

牧民生活的,田园风味的,乡村风味的

n.

牧歌;田园诗

农民；牧人

bucolic

bucolic
Bucolic means relating to the countryside. (LITERARY)

- ...the bucolic surroundings of Chantilly.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= rural

bud

[D.J.:bʌd]

[K.K.:bʌd]

n.

芽, 苞, 花蕾

vi.

发芽, 长出蓓蕾

budded

发了芽的,有蓓蕾的

budding

[D.J.:ˈbʌdɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbʌdɪŋ]

adj.

正发芽的；开始发育的,成长中的

新获得成功的,初露头角的

n.

发芽

bud **

1. bud buds
A bud is a small pointed lump that appears on a tree or plant and develops into a leaf or flower.

- Rosanna's favourite time is early summer, just before the buds open.

N-COUNT

2. bud buds budding budded
When a tree or plant is budding , buds are appearing on it or are beginning to open.

- The leaves were budding on the trees below.

VB: usu cont

3. bud buds
Some men use bud as a way of addressing other men. (AM, INFORMAL)

- You heard what the boss said, bud.

N-VOC
= buddy

4. bud
When a tree or plant is in bud or has come into bud , it has buds on it.

- The flowers are bronzy in bud and bright yellow when open.

- ...almond trees that should come into bud soon.

PHR

5. bud
If you nip something such as bad behaviour in the bud , you stop it before it can develop very far. (INFORMAL)

- It is important to recognize jealousy and to nip it in the bud before it gets out of hand.

PHR: V inflects

budding *

1. budding
If you describe someone as, for example, a budding businessman or a budding artist, you mean that they are starting to succeed or become interested in business or art.

- The forum is now open to all budding entrepreneurs.

- Budding linguists can tune in to the activity cassettes in French, German, Spanish and Italian.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. budding
You use budding to describe a situation that is just beginning.

- Our budding romance was over.

- ...Russia's budding democracy.

ADJ: ADJ n

bud

noun

1.

shoot

embryo

germ

sprout

verb

2.

develop

burgeon

burst forth

grow

shoot

sprout

budding

adjective

developing

beginning

burgeoning

embryonic

fledgling

growing

incipient

nascent

potential

promising

Buddha

[D.J.:ˈbu:də, ˈbʊdə]

[K.K.:ˈbudə, ˈbʊdə]

n.

佛；佛陀;佛像

Buddha *

1. Buddha
Buddha is the title given to Gautama Siddhartha, the religious teacher and founder of Buddhism.
N-PROPER: oft the N

2. Buddha Buddhas
A Buddha is a statue or picture of the Buddha.
N-COUNT

Buddhism

[D.J.:ˈbudizəm]

[K.K.:ˈbuˌdɪzəm, ˈbʊdˌɪz-]

n.

佛教

Buddhism *

Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion which teaches that the way to end suffering is by overcoming your desires.
N-UNCOUNT

Buddhist

[ˈbudist]

adj.

佛教的

n.

佛教徒

Buddhist *

1. Buddhist Buddhists
A Buddhist is a person whose religion is Buddhism.
N-COUNT

2. Buddhist
Buddhist means relating or referring to Buddhism.

- ...Buddhist monks.

- ...Buddhist philosophy.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

buddy

[D.J.:ˈbʌdi:]

[K.K.:ˈbʌdi]

n.

同伴, 伙伴

(用于称呼男子, 常带怒气)<美俚>家伙，老兄;喂

vi.

做朋友；陪伴

buddy up to/with;be/get buddied up to/with

亲近(…)；(和…)结交，携手工作

buddy *

1. buddy buddies
A buddy is a close friend, usually a male friend of a man. (mainly AM)

- We became great buddies.

N-COUNT
= pal

2. buddy buddies
Men sometimes address other men as buddy . (AM, INFORMAL)

- Hey, no way, buddy.

N-VOC
= pal

3. buddy
If one person is buddy buddy with another, they are very close friends. (AM, INFORMAL)
PHR: v-link PHR

budge

[D.J.:bʌdʒ]

[K.K.:bʌdʒ]

vt. & vi.

(使)稍微移动

(使)改变主意；(使)让步

n.

(毛向外翻的)羔羊皮

adj.

用羔羊皮装饰的

<古>浮夸的,自负的;庄严的

budge *

1. budge budges budging budged
If someone will not budge on a matter, or if nothing budges them, they refuse to change their mind or to come to an agreement.

- Both sides say they will not budge.

- The Americans are adamant that they will not budge on this point.

- No amount of prodding will budge him.

V-ERG: with brd-neg

2. budge budges budging budged
If someone or something will not budge , they will not move. If you cannot budge them, you cannot make them move.

- Her mother refused to budge from London.

- The window refused to budge.

- I got a grip on the boat and pulled but I couldn't budge it.

V-ERG: with brd-neg

budge

verb

move

dislodge

push

shift

stir

budgerigar

[D.J.:ˈbʌdʒəriɡɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈbʌdʒəriˌɡɑr, ˌbʌdʒəˈri-]

n.

相思鹦鹉

budgerigar *

budgerigar budgerigars
Budgerigars are small, brightly-coloured birds from Australia that people often keep as pets.
N-COUNT
= parakeet budgie

budget

[D.J.:ˈbʌdʒit]

[K.K.:ˈbʌdʒɪt]

n.

预算; 政府预算案

预算额, 经费

vt. & vi.

编制预算, 安排开支等

budget ****

1. budget budgets
Your budget is the amount of money that you have available to spend. The budget for something is the amount of money that a person, organization, or country has available to spend on it.

- She will design a fantastic new kitchen for you -- and all within your budget.

- Someone had furnished the place on a tight budget.

- This year's budget for AIDS prevention probably won't be much higher.

N-COUNT: with supp

2. budget budgets
The budget of an organization or country is its financial situation, considered as the difference between the money it receives and the money it spends.

- The hospital obviously needs to balance the budget each year.

- ...his readiness to raise taxes as part of an effort to cut the budget deficit.

N-COUNT

3. budget
In Britain, the Budget is the financial plan in which the government states how much money it intends to raise through taxes and how it intends to spend it. The Budget is also the speech in which this plan is announced.

- The Chancellor could use the Budget to bring in taxation reforms.

- ...other indirect tax changes announced in the Budget.

N-PROPER

4. budget budgets budgeting budgeted
If you budget certain amounts of money for particular things, you decide that you can afford to spend those amounts on those things.

- The company has budgeted $10 million for advertising.

- The movie is only budgeted at $10 million.

- I'm learning how to budget.

VB

5. budgeting

- We have continued to exercise caution in our budgeting for the current year.

N-UNCOUNT

6. budget
Budget is used in advertising to suggest that something is being sold cheaply.

- Cheap flights are available from budget travel agents from £240.

ADJ: ADJ n
= economy

budget

noun

1.

allowance

allocation

cost

finances

funds

means

resources

verb

2.

plan

allocate

apportion

cost

estimate

ration

budget for ****

budget for budgets for; budgeting for; budgeted for
If you budget for something, you take account of it when you are deciding how much you can afford to spend on different things.

- The authorities had budgeted for some non-payment.

- The zoo was budgeting for 850,000 visitors this year.

PHR-V
= allow for

-budget

-budget
-budget combines with adjectives such as `low' and `big' to form adjectives which indicate how much money is spent on something, especially the making of a film.

- This obviously low-budget movie offers no attempt to explore the real issues.

- ...a big-budget adventure movie starring Mel Gibson.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

budgetary

[D.J.:ˈbʌdʒɪtərɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbʌdʒɪˌtɛrɪ]

adj.

预算上的

budgetary *

budgetary
A budgetary matter or policy is concerned with the amount of money that is available to a country or organization, and how it is to be spent. (FORMAL)

- There are huge budgetary pressures on all governments in Europe to reduce their armed forces.

ADJ: ADJ n

budgie

[D.J.:ˈbʌdʒi]

[K.K.:ˈbʌdʒi]

n.

相思鹦鹉

budgie

budgie budgies
A budgie is the same as a budgerigar . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= budgerigar

buff

[D.J.:bʌf]

[K.K.:bʌf]

adj.

浅黄色的;米色的

浅黄皮革制的

<美,俚>健美的

n.

浅黄色软(牛)皮

黄皮军装上衣

浅黄色

(包着皮或布的)擦拭轮(或棒等);抛光轮

<非正>爱好者,行家;…迷;…狂

in the buff

一丝不挂；赤裸

vt.

用软物擦亮(金属)

使皮革柔软

减低(力量);减弱

vi.

作缓冲器,缓冲

buffing

[ˈbʌfiŋ]

n.

磨光,抛光

buffs

磨光皮

polishing,buffing

抛光

buff *

1. buff buffs
Something that is buff is pale brown in colour.

- He took a largish buff envelope from his pocket.

COLOUR

2. buff buffs
You use buff to describe someone who knows a lot about a particular subject. For example, if you describe someone as a film buff , you mean that they know a lot about films. (INFORMAL)

- Judge Lanier is a real film buff.

- Any competent computer buff should be able to do it for you in a few minutes.

N-COUNT: supp N
= enthusiast

3. buff buffs buffing buffed
If you buff the surface of something, for example your car or your shoes, you rub it with a piece of soft material in order to make it shine.

- He was already buffing the car's hubs.

VB
= polish

4. buffing

- Regular buffing helps prevent nails from splitting.

N-UNCOUNT

buff

adjective

1.

yellowish-brown

sandy

straw

tan

yellowish

verb

2.

polish

brush

burnish

rub

shine

smooth

buff

noun Informal

expert

addict

admirer

aficionado

connoisseur

devotee

enthusiast

fan

buffalo

[D.J.:ˈbʌfələu]

[K.K.:ˈbʌfəˌlo]

n.

水牛, (南非或北美的)野牛

buffalo *

1. buffalo
A buffalo is a wild animal like a large cow with horns that curve upwards. Buffalo are usually found in southern and eastern Africa.
N-COUNT The plural can be either buffaloes or buffalo
= bison

2. buffalo
A buffalo is the same as a water buffalo .
N-COUNT The plural can be either buffaloes or buffalo

3. buffalo
A buffalo is the same as a bison .
N-COUNT The plural can be either buffaloes or buffalo

buffer

[D.J.:ˈbʌfə]

[K.K.:ˈbʌfɚ]

n.

起缓冲作用的人(或物)

〈机〉缓冲器, 减震器

vt.

缓冲, 减轻

buffering

[ˈbʌfəriŋ]

n.

缓冲(作用),减震,阻尼,隔离

buffer *

1. buffer buffers
A buffer is something that prevents something else from being harmed or that prevents two things from harming each other.

- Keep savings as a buffer against unexpected cash needs.

- ...a multinational buffer force between the two sides...

- The Prison Service acts as a buffer between the minister and his critics.

N-COUNT: oft N against/between n, N n

2. buffer buffers buffering buffered
If something is buffered , it is protected from harm.

- The company is buffered by long-term contracts with growers.

VB

3. buffer buffers
The buffers on a train or at the end of a railway line are two metal discs on springs that reduce the shock when a train hits them. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu pl

4. buffer buffers
A buffer is an area in a computer's memory where information can be stored for a short time. (TECHNICAL, COMPUTING)
N-COUNT

5. buffer buffers
If you say that someone, usually a man, is an old buffer , you mean that you think they are rather foolish. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...a collection of old buffers who meet at the Grosvenor House once a month for lunch.

N-COUNT disapproval

buffer

noun

safeguard

bulwark

bumper

cushion

fender

intermediary

screen

shield

shock absorber

buffer state

buffer state buffer states
A buffer state is a peaceful country situated between two or more larger hostile countries.

- Turkey and Greece were the West's buffer states against the former Soviet Union.

N-COUNT

buffer zone

buffer zone buffer zones
A buffer zone is an area created to separate opposing forces or groups which belongs to neither of them.
N-COUNT

buffet

[D.J.:ˈbʌfit]

[K.K.:bəˈfe, bu-]

vt.

反复敲打, 连续猛击

n.

(火车站的)饮食柜台, (火车的)餐车, 自助餐

buffeting

[ˈbʌfitiŋ]

n.

振动

buffet *

1. buffet buffets
A buffet is a meal of cold food that is displayed on a long table at a party or public occasion. Guests usually serve themselves from the table.

- ...a buffet lunch...

- A cold buffet had been laid out in the dining-room.

N-COUNT: oft N n

2. buffet buffets
A buffet is a caf´e, usually in a hotel or station.

- We sat in the station buffet sipping tea.

N-COUNT: oft n N

3. buffet buffets
On a train, the buffet or the buffet car is the carriage or car where meals and snacks are sold. (BRIT; in AM use dining car )
N-COUNT: usu sing

4. buffet buffets buffeting buffeted
If something is buffeted by strong winds or by stormy seas, it is repeatedly struck or blown around by them.

- Their plane had been severely buffeted by storms.

- Storms swept the country, closing roads, buffeting ferries and killing as many as 30 people.

VB

5. buffeting buffetings

- ...the buffetings of the winds.

N-COUNT

6. buffet buffets buffeting buffeted
If an economy or government is buffeted by difficult or unpleasant situations, it experiences many of them.

- The whole of Africa had been buffeted by social and political upheavals.

VB

buffet

noun

snack bar

brasserie

caf´e

cafeteria

refreshment counter

sideboard

buffet

verb

batter

beat

bump

knock

pound

pummel

strike

thump

wallop informal

buffoon

[D.J.:bəˈfu:n]

[K.K.:bəˈfun]

n.

愚蠢的人,傻瓜

逗乐小丑，滑稽的人

buffoonery

n.

buffoonery

[bəˈfu:nəri]

n.

打诨,滑稽

buffoon

buffoon buffoons
If you call someone a buffoon , you mean that they often do foolish things. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...the man once dismissed by the West as a drunken buffoon.

N-COUNT disapproval
= clown

buffoon

noun

clown

comedian

comic

fool

harlequin

jester

joker

wag

buffoonery

buffoonery
Buffoonery is foolish behaviour that makes you laugh. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...the music hall buffoonery of Norman Wisdom.

N-UNCOUNT

bug

[D.J.:bʌɡ]

[K.K.:bʌɡ]

n.

虫子

病菌

(机器等)故障

窃听器

vt.

在…装窃听器; 窃听

打扰, 使厌烦

bugs

[bʌɡz]

adj.

疯狂的,发疯的

bug **

1. bug bugs
A bug is an insect or similar small creature. (INFORMAL)

- We noticed tiny bugs that were all over the walls.

- ...a bloodsucking bug which infests poor housing.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. bug bugs
A bug is an illness which is caused by small organisms such as bacteria. (INFORMAL)

- I think I've got a bit of a stomach bug.

- There was a bug going around at the club.

- ...the killer brain bug meningitis.

N-COUNT

3. bug bugs
If there is a bug in a computer programme, there is a mistake in it.

- There is a bug in the software.

N-COUNT

4. bug bugs
A bug is a tiny hidden microphone which transmits what people are saying.

- There was a bug on the phone.

N-COUNT

5. bug bugs bugging bugged
If someone bugs a place, they hide tiny microphones in it which transmit what people are saying.

- He heard that they were planning to bug his office.

- I found out my phone was bugged.

VB
= wire tap

6. bugging

- ...an electronic bugging device.

N-UNCOUNT

7. bug
You can say that someone has been bitten by a particular bug when they suddenly become very enthusiastic about something. (INFORMAL)

- I've definitely been bitten by the gardening bug.

- Roundhay Park in Leeds was the place I first got the fishing bug.

N-SING: oft n N

8. bug bugs bugging bugged
If someone or something bugs you, they worry or annoy you. (INFORMAL)

- I only did it to bug my parents.

VB

bug

noun

1.

illness

disease

infection

lurgy informal

virus

2.

fault

defect

error

flaw

glitch

gremlin

verb

3.

annoy

bother

disturb

get on one's nerves informal

hassle informal

irritate

pester

vex

4.

tap

eavesdrop

listen in

spy

bugbear

[D.J.:ˈbʌgˌbeə]

[K.K.:ˈbʌɡˌbɛr]

n.

<尤英>使人烦恼担忧的事;牵挂

bugbear

bugbear bugbears
Something or someone that is your bugbear worries or upsets you.

- Money is my biggest bugbear.

N-COUNT

bugbear

noun Informal

pet hate

bane

bête noire

bogey

dread

horror

nightmare

bug-eyed

[D.J.:ˈbʌɡaid]

[K.K.:ˈbʌɡˌaɪd]

adj.

暴眼的,瞪大眼的

bug-eyed

bug-eyed
A bug-eyed person or animal has eyes that stick out. (INFORMAL)

- ...bug-eyed monsters...

- John and Bill and I were bug-eyed in wonderment.

ADJ

bugger

[D.J.:ˈbʌɡə]

[K.K.:ˈbʌɡɚ, ˈbʊɡ-]

n.

同性恋者,鸡奸者,兽奸者

bugger

1. bugger buggers
Some people use bugger to describe a person who has done something annoying or stupid. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-COUNT: oft adj N disapproval

2. bugger
Some people say that a job or task is a bugger when it is difficult to do. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-SING: a N

3. bugger buggers buggering buggered
Some people use bugger in expressions such as bugger him or bugger the cost in order to emphasize that they do not care about the person or thing that the word or phrase refers to. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
VB: only imper, V n feelings
= blow

4. bugger buggers buggering buggered
To bugger someone means to have anal intercourse with them.
VB

5. bugger
Some people say bugger it or bugger when they are angry that something has gone wrong. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
EXCLAM feelings

6. bugger
Some people say bugger me to emphasize that they are very surprised about something. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
EXCLAM feelings

buggered

1. buggered
If someone says that they will be buggered if they will do something, they mean that they do not want to do it and they will definitely not do it. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
ADJ: v-link ADJ emphasis

2. buggered
If someone says that they are buggered , they mean that they are very tired. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
ADJ: v-link ADJ

3. buggered
If someone says that something is buggered , they mean that it is completely ruined or broken. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

bugger about, bugger around

1. bugger about buggers about; buggering about; buggered about
If someone buggers about or buggers around , they waste time doing unnecessary things. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
PHR-V: V P disapproval
= mess about mess around

2. bugger about buggers about; buggering about; buggered about
If someone buggers you about or buggers you around , they cause you problems. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
PHR-V: V n P disapproval

bugger off

bugger off buggers off; buggering off; buggered off
If someone buggers off , they go away quickly and suddenly. People often say bugger off as a rude way of telling someone to go away. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
PHR-V: V P
= clear off

bugger up

bugger up buggers up; buggering up; buggered up
If someone buggers something up , they ruin it or spoil it. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
PHR-V: V n P disapproval

bugger all

bugger all
Bugger all is a rude way of saying `nothing'. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
PRON also bugger-all .

buggery

[D.J.:ˈbʌgəri:, ˈbʊg-]

[K.K.:ˈbʌɡəri, ˈbʊɡ-]

n.

鸡奸;兽奸

buggery

buggery
Buggery is anal intercourse.
N-UNCOUNT

buggy

[D.J.:ˈbʌgi:]

[K.K.:ˈbʌɡi]

n.

小机动车

婴儿车

轻便马车

<俚>旧汽车

adj.

多臭虫的

<俚>有精神病的;疯的

buggy *

1. buggy buggies
A buggy is the same as a baby buggy .
N-COUNT

2. buggy buggies
A buggy is a small lightweight carriage pulled by one horse.
N-COUNT

bugle

[D.J.:ˈbju:gəl]

[K.K.:ˈbjuɡəl]

n.

号角,军号

喇叭

(装饰女服用的)柱状玻璃(或塑料)小珠

匍匐筋骨草;筋骨草属植物

vi.

吹号；吹喇叭

vt.

吹号集合;吹号下令(冲锋,撤退等)

bugle

bugle bugles
A bugle is a simple brass musical instrument that looks like a small trumpet. Bugles are often used in the army to announce when activities such as meals are about to begin.
N-COUNT

bugler

[ˈbju:ɡlə]

n.

喇叭手

bugler

bugler buglers
A bugler is someone who plays the bugle.
N-COUNT

build

[D.J.:bild]

[K.K.:bɪld]

vt. & vi.

修建, 建造

开发, 创建

n.

体形, 结构

building

[ˈbildiŋ]

n.

建筑物, 楼房, 房屋

建筑(艺术或行业)

built

[D.J.:bilt]

[K.K.:bɪlt]

build的过去式和过去分词

build *****

1. build builds building built
If you build something, you make it by joining things together.

- Developers are now proposing to build a hotel on the site.

- The house was built in the early 19th century.

- Workers at the plant build the F-16 jet fighter.

VB
= construct

2. building

- In Japan, the building of Kansai airport continues.

N-UNCOUNT

3. built

- Even newly built houses can need repairs.

- It's a product built for safety.

- ...structures that are built to last.

ADJ: adv ADJ, ADJ for n, ADJ to-inf

4. build builds building built
If you build something into a wall or object, you make it in such a way that it is in the wall or object, or is part of it.

- If the TV was built into the ceiling, you could lie there while watching your favourite programme.

VB

5. build builds building built
If people build an organization, a society, or a relationship, they gradually form it.

- He and a partner set up on their own and built a successful fashion company.

- Their purpose is to build a fair society and a strong economy.

- I wanted to build a relationship with my team.

VB

6. building

- ...the building of the great civilisations of the ancient world.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n

7. build builds building built
If you build an organization, system, or product on something, you base it on it.

- We will then have a firmer foundation of fact on which to build theories.

- The town's nineteenth-century prosperity was built on steel.

VB

8. build builds building built
If you build something into a policy, system, or product, you make it part of it.

- We have to build computers into the school curriculum.

- How much delay should we build into the plan?

VB
= incorporate

9. build builds building built
To build someone's confidence or trust means to increase it gradually.

- The encouragement that young boys receive builds a greater self-confidence.

- Diplomats hope the meetings will build mutual trust.

- Usually when we're six months or so into a recovery, confidence begins to build.

V-ERG

10. build up builds up; building up; built up
Build up means the same as build .

- The delegations had begun to build up some trust in one another.

- We will start to see the confidence in the housing market building up again.

PHR-V-ERG

11. build builds building built
If you build on the success of something, you take advantage of this success in order to make further progress.

- Build on the qualities you are satisfied with and work to change those you are unhappy with.

- The new regime has no successful economic reforms on which to build.

VB

12. build builds building built
If pressure, speed, sound, or excitement builds , it gradually becomes greater.

- Pressure built yesterday for postponement of the ceremony.

- The last chords of the suite build to a crescendo.

VB

13. build up builds up; building up; built up
Build up means the same as build .

- We can build up the speed gradually and safely.

- Economists warn that enormous pressures could build up, forcing people to emigrate westwards.

PHR-V-ERG

14. build builds
Someone's build is the shape that their bones and muscles give to their body.

- He's described as around thirty years old, six feet tall and of medium build.

- The authority of his voice is undermined by the smallness of his build.

N-VAR
= physique

build up *****

1. build up builds up; building up; built up
If you build up something or if it builds up , it gradually becomes bigger, for example because more is added to it.

- The regime built up the largest army in Africa.

- The collection has been built up over the last seventeen years.

- Slowly a thick layer of fat builds up on the pan's surface.

PHR-V-ERG

2. build up builds up; building up; built up
If you build someone up , you help them to feel stronger or more confident, especially when they have had a bad experience or have been ill.

- Build her up with kindness and a sympathetic ear.

- Dr. Johnson and I have been trying to build him up physically.

PHR-V

3. build up builds up; building up; built up
If you build someone or something up , you make them seem important or exciting, for example by talking about them a lot.

- The media will report on it and the tabloids will build it up.

- Historians built him up as the champion of parliament.

- I'd built him up in my head as being the love of my life.

PHR-V

build up to *****

build up builds up; building up; built up
If you build up to something you want to do or say, you try to prepare people for it by starting to do it or introducing the subject gradually.

- Other actions we need to take may be more difficult, and we may have to build up to them gradually.

- Carl was building up to something.

PHR-V

building *****

building buildings
A building is a structure that has a roof and walls, for example a house or a factory.

- They were on the upper floor of the building.

- Crowds gathered around the Parliament building.

N-COUNT

built *

1. built
Built is the past tense and past participle of build .

2. built
If you say that someone is built in a particular way, you are describing the kind of body they have.

- All the Trollope boys were heavily built and quite tall.

- ...a strong, powerfully-built man of 60...

- He was a huge man, built like an oak tree.

ADJ: adv ADJ, ADJ like n, ADJ for n/-ing
See also well-built .

build

verb

1.

construct

assemble

erect

fabricate

form

make

put up

raise

noun

2.

physique

body

figure

form

frame

shape

structure

building

noun

structure

domicile

dwelling

edifice

house

builder

[D.J.:ˈbɪldə]

[K.K.:ˈbɪldɚ]

n.

(尤指建房子的)建筑工人, 营造商;建筑师, 建造者

建设者,建立者

增进〔增强〕 …之物;塑造…之物

(增加洗涤剂清洁作用的)促净剂

builder **

builder builders
A builder is a person whose job is to build or repair houses and other buildings.

- The builders have finished the roof.

N-COUNT

building block *

building block building blocks
If you describe something as a building block of something, you mean it is one of the separate parts that combine to make that thing.

- ...molecules that are the building blocks of all life on earth.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

building site *

building site building sites
A building site is an area of land on which a building or a group of buildings is in the process of being built or altered.
N-COUNT
= construction site

building society **

building society building societies
In Britain, a building society is a business which will lend you money when you want to buy a house. You can also invest money in a building society, where it will earn interest. Compare savings and loan association.
N-COUNT

build-up

[D.J.:ˈbildʌp]

[K.K.:ˈbɪldˌʌp]

adj.

内建的

build-up **

1. build-up build-ups
A build-up is a gradual increase in something.

- There has been a build-up of troops on both sides of the border.

- The disease can also cause a build up of pressure in the inner ear leading to severe earache.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n also buildup or build up .

2. build-up build-ups
The build-up to an event is the way that journalists, advertisers, or other people talk about it a lot in the period of time immediately before it, and try to make it seem important and exciting.

- We should wait at least until winter before we start the build-up to Christmas.

- The exams came, almost an anti-climax after the build-up that the students had given them.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N to n also buildup or build up .

build-up

noun

increase

accumulation

development

enlargement

escalation

expansion

gain

growth

built-in

[D.J.:ˌbiltˈin]

[K.K.:ˈbɪltˈɪn]

adj.

是…的组成部分的; 嵌入式的; 内置的

built-in *

built-in
Built-in devices or features are included in something as a part of it, rather than being separate.

- ...modern cameras with built-in flash units...

- We're going to have built-in cupboards in the bedrooms.

ADJ: ADJ n
= fitted

built-up

[D.J.:ˈbiltʌp]

[K.K.:ˈbɪltˈʌp]

adj.

组合的,建筑物多的,高楼林立的

n.

组合模;空心模

built-up

built-up
A built-up area is an area such as a town or city which has a lot of buildings in it.

- A speed limit of 30 mph was introduced in built-up areas.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

bulb

[D.J.:bʌlb]

[K.K.:bʌlb]

n.

球茎

电灯泡

bulb **

1. bulb bulbs
A bulb is the glass part of an electric lamp, which gives out light when electricity passes through it.

- The stairwell was lit by a single bulb.

N-COUNT
= light bulb

2. bulb bulbs
A bulb is a root shaped like an onion that grows into a flower or plant.

- ...tulip bulbs.

N-COUNT

bulbous

[D.J.:ˈbʌlbəs]

[K.K.:ˈbʌlbəs]

adj.

球根的,球根状的,球根长成的

bulbous

bulbous
Something that is bulbous is round and fat in a rather ugly way.

- ...his bulbous purple nose.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

bulbous

adjective

bulging

bloated

convex

rounded

swelling

swollen

Bulgarian

[D.J.:bʌlˈɡɛəriən]

[K.K.:bʌlˈɡɛriən, bʊl-]

n.

保加利亚人[语]

Bulgarian ***

1. Bulgarian
Bulgarian means belonging or relating to Bulgaria, or to its people, language, or culture.
ADJ

2. Bulgarian Bulgarians
A Bulgarian is a Bulgarian citizen, or a person of Bulgarian origin.
N-COUNT

3. Bulgarian
Bulgarian is the main language spoken by people who live in Bulgaria.
N-UNCOUNT

bulge

[D.J.:bʌldʒ]

[K.K.:bʌldʒ]

n.

膨胀, 肿起

vi.

膨胀, 凸出, 鼓起

bulging

[ˈbʌldʒiŋ]

n.

膨胀,凸出(部);打气;折皱

bulge *

1. bulge bulges bulging bulged
If something such as a person's stomach bulges , it sticks out.

- Jiro waddled closer, his belly bulging and distended.

- He bulges out of his black T-shirt.

- He is 6ft 3ins with bulging muscles.

VB

2. bulge bulges bulging bulged
If someone's eyes or veins are bulging , they seem to stick out a lot, often because the person is making a strong physical effort or is experiencing a strong emotion.

- His eyes seemed to bulge like those of a toad.

- He shouted at his brother, his neck veins bulging.

- ...bulging eyes.

VB
= stick out

3. bulge bulges bulging bulged
If you say that something is bulging with things, you are emphasizing that it is full of them.

- They returned home with the car bulging with boxes.

- Wolchak was coming out of the office carrying a bulging briefcase.

VB: oft cont emphasis

4. bulge bulges
Bulges are lumps that stick out from a surface which is otherwise flat or smooth.

- Why won't those bulges on your hips and thighs go?

N-COUNT
= bump

5. bulge bulges
If there is a bulge in something, there is a sudden large increase in it.

- ...a bulge in aircraft sales.

- ...the huge bulge of payments due over the next two years.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp, oft N in/of n

bulge

noun

1.

swelling

bump

hump

lump

projection

protrusion

protuberance

2.

increase

boost

intensification

rise

surge

verb

3.

swell out

dilate

distend

expand

project

protrude

puff out

stick out

bulimia

[D.J.:bju:ˈlimiə]

[K.K.:bjuˈlɪmiə, -ˈlimiə, bu-]

n.

神经性贪食

bulimia *

bulimia
Bulimia or bulimia nervosa is an illness in which a person has a very great fear of becoming fat, and so they make themselves vomit after eating.
N-UNCOUNT

bulimic

1. bulimic
If someone is bulimic , they are suffering from bulimia.

- ...bulimic patients...

- I was anorexic and bulimic.

ADJ

2. bulimic bulimics
A bulimic is someone who is bulimic.

- ...a former bulimic.

N-COUNT

bulk

[D.J.:bʌlk]

[K.K.:bʌlk]

n.

(巨大)物体, (大)块, (大)团

主体, 绝大部分

vt. & vi.

变得越来越大(或重要)

bulk **

1. bulk
You can refer to something's bulk when you want to emphasize that it is very large. (WRITTEN)

- The truck pulled out of the lot, its bulk unnerving against the dawn.

- ...the shadowy bulk of an ancient barn.

N-SING: with supp emphasis

2. bulk
You can refer to a large person's body or to their weight or size as their bulk .

- Bannol lowered his bulk carefully into the chair.

- Despite his bulk he moved lightly on his feet.

N-SING: usu poss N

3. bulk
The bulk of something is most of it.

- The bulk of the text is essentially a review of these original documents.

- The vast bulk of imports and exports are carried by sea.

QUANT: QUANT of def-n
= majority

4. bulk
Also a pronoun.

- They come from all over the world, though the bulk is from the Indian subcontinent.

PRON

5. bulk
If you buy or sell something in bulk , you buy or sell it in large quantities.

- Buying in bulk is more economical than shopping for small quantities.

- ...bulk purchasing.

N-UNCOUNT: in N, N n
= in quantity

bulk

noun

1.

size

dimensions

immensity

largeness

magnitude

substance

volume

weight

2.

main part

better part

body

lion's share

majority

mass

most

nearly all

preponderance

bulk up, bulk out **

bulk up bulks up; bulking up; bulked up
If someone or something bulks up or bulks out , they become bigger or heavier.

- Use extra vegetables to bulk up the omelette.

- Holyfield has bulked up to 210 pounds using weights.

PHR-V-ERG

bulkhead

[D.J.:ˈbʌlkhed]

[K.K.:ˈbʌlkˌhɛd]

n.

隔离壁(用在船舱、隧道、太空飞行器, 以防止在一部分损坏时水或空气流入其他部分)

bulkhead *

bulkhead bulkheads
A bulkhead is a wall which divides the inside of a ship or aeroplane into separate sections. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT
= partition

bulkily

adv.

庞大地,笨重地,巨大地

bulkiness

n.

庞大,笨大

bulky

[D.J.:ˈbʌlki:]

[K.K.:ˈbʌlki]

adj.

庞大的,大的,笨重的

大块头的，粗壮的，高大肥胖的

bulkily

adv.

笨重地

bulkiness

n.

庞大,笨重

bulky *

bulky bulkier bulkiest
Something that is bulky is large and heavy. Bulky things are often difficult to move or deal with.

- ...bulky items like lawn mowers.

- ...a bulky man with balding hair.

ADJ-GRADED

bulky

adjective

large

big

cumbersome

heavy

hulking

massive

substantial

unwieldy

voluminous

weighty

bull

[D.J.:bul]

[K.K.:bʊl]

n.

公牛, 雄兽

买进证券投机图利者, (对股市行情)看涨的人

bull **

1. bull bulls
A bull is a male animal of the cow family.
N-COUNT

2. bull bulls
Some other male animals, including elephants and whales, are called bulls .

- Suddenly a massive bull elephant with huge tusks charged us.

N-COUNT

3. bull bulls
On the stock market, bulls are people who buy shares in expectation of a price rise, in order to make a profit by selling the shares again after a short time. Compare bear .
N-COUNT

4. bull bulls
In the Roman Catholic church, a papal bull is an official statement on a particular subject that is issued by the Pope.
N-COUNT
= decree

5. bull
If you say that something is bull or a load of bull , you mean that it is complete nonsense or absolutely untrue. (INFORMAL)

- I think it's a load of bull.

- The press couldn't deal with that so they made up all this bull.

N-UNCOUNT
= rubbish

6. bull
If you say that someone rushes into a situation like a bull in a china shop , you are critical of them because they do not stop to think, and are insensitive to other people's feelings. (INFORMAL)

- Still, it'll stop him rampaging all over the place like a bull in a china shop.

PHR: usu like PHR disapproval

7. bull
You say that someone is like a bull in a china shop when they are very clumsy.
PHR: usu like PHR

8. bull
If you take the bull by the horns , you do something that you feel you ought to do even though it is difficult, dangerous, or unpleasant.

- Now is the time for the Chancellor to take the bull by the horns and announce a two per cent cut in interest rates.

PHR: V inflects

bull bar

bull bar bull bars
On some motor vehicles, bull bars are metal bars fixed to the front that are designed to protect it if it crashes.

N-COUNT: usu pl

bulldog

[D.J.:ˈbuldɔɡ]

[K.K.:ˈbʊlˌdɔɡ, -ˌdɑɡ]

n.

斗牛犬

bulldog

bulldog bulldogs
A bulldog is a small dog with a large square head and short hair.
N-COUNT

bulldog clip

bulldog clip bulldog clips
A bulldog clip is a metal clip with a spring lever that opens and closes two flat pieces of metal. It is used for holding papers together. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

bulldoze

[D.J.:ˈbʊlˌdəʊz]

[K.K.:ˈbʊlˌdoz]

vt.

恫吓;欺凌

以推土机清除

bulldoze

1. bulldoze bulldozes bulldozing bulldozed
If people bulldoze something such as a building, they knock it down using a bulldozer.

- She defeated developers who wanted to bulldoze her home to build a supermarket.

VB

2. bulldoze bulldozes bulldozing bulldozed
If people bulldoze earth, stone, or other heavy material, they move it using a bulldozer.

- Last week, the department's road builders began to bulldoze a water meadow on Twyford Down.

VB

3. bulldoze bulldozes bulldozing bulldozed
If someone bulldozes a plan through or bulldozes another person into doing something, they get what they want in an unpleasantly forceful way.

- The party in power planned to bulldoze through a full socialist programme.

- The coalition bulldozed the resolution through the plenary session.

- My parents tried to bulldoze me into going to college.

VB disapproval

bulldoze

verb

demolish

flatten

level

raze

bulldozer

[D.J.:ˈbʊlˌdəʊzə]

[K.K.:ˈbʊlˌdozɚ]

n.

推土机

恐吓者；威胁者

bulldozer *

bulldozer bulldozers
A bulldozer is a large vehicle with a broad metal blade at the front, which is used for knocking down buildings or moving large amounts of earth.
N-COUNT

bullet

[D.J.:ˈbulit]

[K.K.:ˈbʊlɪt]

n.

子弹

bullet **

1. bullet bullets
A bullet is a small piece of metal with a pointed or rounded end, which is fired out of a gun.
N-COUNT
See also plastic bullet , rubber bullet .

2. bullet
If someone bites the bullet , they accept that they have to do something unpleasant but necessary. (JOURNALISM)

- Tour operators may be forced to bite the bullet and cut prices.

PHR: V inflects

bullet

noun

projectile

ball

missile

pellet

shot

slug

bulletin

[D.J.:ˈbulitin]

[K.K.:ˈbʊlɪtn, -tɪn]

n.

公告, 新闻快报

小报, 期刊

bulletin **

1. bulletin bulletins
A bulletin is a short news report on the radio or television.

- ...the early morning news bulletin.

N-COUNT

2. bulletin bulletins
A bulletin is a short official announcement made publicly to inform people about an important matter.

- At 3.30 p.m. a bulletin was released announcing that the president was out of immediate danger.

N-COUNT

3. bulletin bulletins
A bulletin is a regular newspaper or leaflet that is produced by an organization or group such as a school or church.
N-COUNT

bulletin

noun

announcement

account

communication

communiqu´e

dispatch

message

news flash

notification

report

statement

bulletin board

1. bulletin board bulletin boards
A bulletin board is a board which is usually attached to a wall in order to display notices giving information about something. (mainly AM; in BRIT use noticeboard )
N-COUNT

2. bulletin board bulletin boards
In computing, a bulletin board is a system that enables users to send and receive messages of general interest.

- The Internet is the largest computer bulletin board in the world, and it's growing.

N-COUNT

bullet-proof

bullet-proof
Something that is bullet-proof is made of a strong material that bullets cannot pass through.

- ...bullet-proof glass.

- ...a bullet-proof vest.

ADJ (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) bulletproof

bullfight

[D.J.:ˈbulfait]

[K.K.:ˈbʊlˌfaɪt]

n.

斗牛(流行于西班牙和南美洲)

bullfight

bullfight bullfights
A bullfight is a public entertainment in which people fight and kill bulls. Bullfights take place in Spain, Portugal, and Latin America.
N-COUNT

bullfighter

bullfighter bullfighters
A bullfighter is the person who tries to injure or kill the bull in a bullfight.
N-COUNT
= matador

bullfighting

bullfighting
Bullfighting is the public entertainment in which people try to kill bulls in bullfights.
N-UNCOUNT

bullfinch

[D.J.:ˈbulfintʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbʊlˌfɪntʃ]

n.

红腹灰雀(欧洲鸣鸟)

bullfinch

bullfinch bullfinches
A bullfinch is a type of small European bird. The male has a black head and a pinkish-red breast.
N-COUNT

bullfrog

[D.J.:ˈbulfrɔɡ]

[K.K.:ˈbʊlˌfrɔɡ, -ˌfrɑɡ]

n.

牛蛙,菜蛙

bullfrog

bullfrog bullfrogs
A bullfrog is a type of large frog which makes a very loud noise.
N-COUNT

bullhorn

[D.J.:ˈbulhɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈbʊlˌhɔrn]

n.

手提式扩音器

bullhorn

bullhorn bullhorns
A bullhorn is a device for making your voice sound louder in the open air. (AM; in BRIT use loudhailer or megaphone )
N-COUNT

bullion

[D.J.:ˈbʊljən]

[K.K.:ˈbʊljən]

n.

金条,银块

(视为原材料的)金;银

金(或银)丝饰带

bullion

bullion
Bullion is gold or silver, usually in the form of bars.
N-UNCOUNT

bullish

[D.J.:ˈbʊlɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbʊlɪʃ]

adj.

公牛的；公牛般的

股票行情看涨的, 做多头的

(对未来)抱有信心的, 乐观的

bullish *

1. bullish
On the stock market, if there is a bullish mood, prices are expected to rise. Compare bearish .

- The market opened in a bullish mood.

ADJ-GRADED

2. bullish
If someone is bullish about something, they are cheerful and optimistic about it.

- Faldo was bullish about his chances of winning a third British Open.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about/on n
= optimistic

bull market

bull market bull markets
A bull market is a situation on the stock market when people are buying a lot of shares because they expect that the shares will increase in value and that they will be able to make a profit by selling them again after a short time. Compare bear market .
N-COUNT

bullock

[D.J.:ˈbulək]

[K.K.:ˈbʊlək]

n.

阉牛,一岁半以下的小公牛

bullock

bullock bullocks
A bullock is a young bull that has been castrated.
N-COUNT

bullring

[D.J.:ˈbulriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbʊlˌrɪŋ]

n.

斗牛场

bullring

bullring bullrings
A bullring is a circular area of ground surrounded by rows of seats where bullfights take place.
N-COUNT

bull's-eye

[D.J.:ˈbʊlzˌaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbʊlzˌaɪ]

n.

靶心

bull's-eye

1. bull's-eye bull's-eyes
The bull's-eye is the small circular area at the centre of a target.

- Five of his bullets had hit the bull's-eye.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

2. bull's-eye bull's-eyes
In shooting or the game of darts, a bull's-eye is a shot or throw of a dart that hits the bull's-eye.
N-COUNT

3. bull's-eye bull's-eyes
If something that you do or say hits the bull's eye , it has exactly the effect that you intended it to have. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

bullshit

[D.J.:ˈbulʃit]

[K.K.:ˈbʊlˌʃɪt]

n.

胡说

bullshit

1. bullshit
If you say that something is bullshit , you are saying that it is nonsense or completely untrue. (INFORMAL) ( VERY RUDE)

- All the rest I said, all that was bullshit.

N-UNCOUNT, also EXCLAM disapproval
= rubbish

2. bullshit bullshits bullshitting bullshitted
If you say that someone is bullshitting you, you mean that what they are telling you is nonsense or completely untrue. (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- Don't bullshit me, Brian!.

- He's basically bullshitting.

VB

bull terrier

bull terrier bull terriers
A bull terrier is a breed of strong dog with a short, whitish coat and a thick neck.
N-COUNT
See also pit bull terrier .

bullwhip

[D.J.:ˈbulhwip]

[K.K.:ˈbʊlˌhwɪp, -ˌwɪp]

n.

〈美〉(旧时赶牛或牲口用的)粗而长的鞭

bullwhip

bullwhip bullwhips
A bullwhip is a very long, heavy whip.
N-COUNT

bully

[D.J.:ˈbuli]

[K.K.:ˈbʊli]

vt.

恐吓, 威逼

bully **

1. bully bullies
A bully is someone who uses their strength or power to hurt or frighten other people.

- I fell victim to the office bully.

- He's a coward and a bully who confuses physical strength with manhood.

N-COUNT

2. bully bullies bullying bullied
If someone bullies you, they use their strength or power to hurt or frighten you.

- I wasn't going to let him bully me.

- I asked her if she was bullied by the other children.

VB
= push around

3. bullying

- ...schoolchildren who were victims of bullying.

N-UNCOUNT

4. bully bullies bullying bullied
If someone bullies you into something, they make you do it by using force or threats.

- We think an attempt to bully them into submission would be counterproductive.

- She used to bully me into doing my schoolwork.

- The government says it will not be bullied by the press.

VB

bully

noun

1.

persecutor

browbeater

bully boy

coercer

intimidator

oppressor

ruffian

tormentor

tough

verb

2.

persecute

browbeat

coerce

domineer

hector

intimidate

oppress

push around slang

terrorize

tyrannize

bully boy

1. bully boy bully boys
If you describe a man as a bully boy , you disapprove of him because he is rough and aggressive.

- ...bully-boys and murderers.

N-COUNT also bully-boy . disapproval

2. bully boy
If you say that someone uses bully-boy tactics, you disapprove of them because they use rough and aggressive methods. (JOURNALISM)

- Some people accuse the tax inspectors of bully-boy tactics.

ADJ: ADJ n also bully-boy . disapproval

bulwark

[D.J.:ˈbʊlwək, -ˌwɔ:k, ˈbʌl-]

[K.K.:ˈbʊlwək, -ˌwɔrk, ˈbʌl-]

n.

堡垒,堤岸

保障；支柱

舷墙

vt.

筑垒保卫

保护,使安全

bulwark

bulwark bulwarks
A bulwark against something protects you against it. A bulwark of something protects it.

- The abbeys were founded in the 12th century by King David as a bulwark against the English.

- The House of Lords is the only bulwark of democracy in this country.

N-COUNT: oft N against/of n

bulwark

noun

1.

fortification

bastion

buttress

defence

embankment

partition

rampart

2.

defence

buffer

guard

mainstay

safeguard

security

support

bum

[D.J.:bʌm]

[K.K.:bʌm]

n.

<口>屁股

以乞讨为生的流浪汉, 无业游民

漂泊乞讨的生涯, 游荡生活

沉湎于…(娱乐等)活动的人, …迷, …狂

懒鬼, 寄生虫, 无赖

能力差的人;不高明的运动员

a bum steer

错误的消息(或指点)；无用的信息(或建议)

give sb/get the bum’s rush

(被)下令离开，驱赶

(被)解雇，除掉

vt.

乞求, 索求

vi.

流浪;闲逛

寄食,白吃;乞讨

bum around

闲混;游荡

bum sb out

使某人生气

adj.

劣质的,无价值的

瘸的;残疾的

疼痛的

假的;错误的

bummed

[ˈbʌmid]

adj.

失望的，沮丧的

bumming

[ˈbʌmiŋ]

n.

发哼(声),蜂鸣声

bum *

1. bum bums
Someone's bum is the part of their body which they sit on. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-COUNT: poss N
= bottom

2. bum bums
A bum is a person who has no permanent home or job and who gets money by working occasionally or by asking people for money. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= tramp vagrant

3. bum bums
If someone refers to another person as a bum , they think that person is worthless or irresponsible. (INFORMAL)

- You're all a bunch of bums.

N-COUNT disapproval

4. bum
Some people use bum to describe a situation that they find unpleasant or annoying. (INFORMAL)

- He knows you're getting a bum deal.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. bum bums bumming bummed
If you bum something off someone, you ask them for it and they give it to you. (INFORMAL)

- Mind if I bum a cigarette?

VB
= cadge

6. bum bums bumming bummed
If you bum around, you go from place to place without any particular destination, either for enjoyment or because you have nothing else to do. (INFORMAL)

- I think they're just bumming around at the moment, not doing a lot.

- She went off to bum round the world with a boyfriend.

VB

7. bum
If the organizers of an event such as a concert want to put bums on seats , they want a lot of people to attend it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He is one of the few players who puts bums on seats.

PHR

bum bag

bum bag bum bags
A bum bag consists of a small bag attached to a belt which you wear round your waist. You use it to carry things such as money and keys. (BRIT; in AM use fanny pack )
N-COUNT

bumble around

bumble around bumbles around; bumbling around; bumbled around
When someone bumbles around or bumbles about , they behave in a confused, disorganized way, making mistakes and usually not achieving anything.

- Most of us are novices on the computer. We bumble about on them and have great fun.

PHR-V (BRIT) also bumble about

bumblebee

[D.J.:ˈbʌmbəlˌbi:]

[K.K.:ˈbʌmbəlˌbi]

n.

<动>大黄蜂,熊蜂

bumblebee

bumblebee bumblebees
A bumblebee is a large hairy bee.
N-COUNT also bumble bee .

bumbling

[ˈbʌmbliŋ]

adj.

装模作样的

bumbling

bumbling
If you describe a person or their behaviour as bumbling , you mean that they behave in a confused, disorganized way, making mistakes and usually not achieving anything.

- ...a clumsy, bumbling, inarticulate figure.

ADJ: ADJ n

bumbling

adjective

clumsy

awkward

blundering

bungling

incompetent

inefficient

inept

maladroit

muddled

bumf

[D.J.:bʌmf]

[K.K.:bʌmf]

n.

纸,卫生纸,公文

bumf

bumf
Bumf consists of documents containing information which you may not need or find interesting. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The waste-paper basket was full of bumf, trivial letters and advertising circulars.

N-UNCOUNT also bumph .

bummer

[D.J.:ˈbʌmə]

[K.K.:ˈbʌmɚ]

n.

<俚>懒汉；游手好闲的人

吸食迷幻药的反效果

<非正>令人不愉快的经历(事件)

失败

<美>无赖

bummer

bummer bummers
If you say that something is a bummer , you mean that it is unpleasant or annoying. (INFORMAL)

- I had a bummer of a day.

- What a bummer!

N-COUNT: usu sing

bump

[D.J.:bʌmp]

[K.K.:bʌmp]

vt. & vi.

撞倒; 冲撞

vi.

颠簸着前进

n.

碰撞, 猛撞

肿块

隆起物

bumped

[bʌmpt]

adj.

凸起的;凸状的

bumping

[ˈbʌmpiŋ]

n.

爆沸,突沸,放气,崩沸,撞击,冲震,造成凹凸

bump **

1. bump bumps bumping bumped
If you bump into something or someone, you accidentally hit them while you are moving.

- They stopped walking and he almost bumped into them.

- There was a jerk as the boat bumped against something.

- He bumped his head on the low beams of the house.

VB

2. bump bumps
Also a noun.

- Small children often cry after a minor bump.

N-COUNT

3. bump bumps
A bump is the action or the dull sound of two heavy objects hitting each other.

- I felt a little bump and I knew instantly what had happened.

- The child took five steps, and then sat down with a bump.

N-COUNT

4. bump bumps
A bump is a minor injury or swelling that you get if you bump into something or if something hits you.

- She fell against our coffee table and got a large bump on her forehead.

N-COUNT
= lump

5. bump bumps
If you have a bump while you are driving a car, you have a minor accident in which you hit something. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= collision

6. bump bumps
A bump on a road is a raised, uneven part.

- The truck hit a bump and bounced.

N-COUNT

7. bump bumps bumping bumped
If a vehicle bumps over a surface, it travels in a rough, bouncing way because the surface is very uneven.

- We left the road, and again bumped over the mountainside.

- The aircraft bumped along erratically without gathering anything like sufficient speed.

VB

8. bump
If someone comes down to earth with a bump , they suddenly start recognizing unpleasant facts after a period of time when they have not been doing this.

- Company bosses have come back down to earth with a bump after a period of post-election euphoria.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis
to bump along the bottom : see bottom .

bump

verb

1.

knock

bang

collide (with)

crash

hit

slam

smash into

strike

2.

jerk

bounce

jolt

rattle

shake

noun

3.

knock

bang

blow

collision

crash

impact

jolt

thud

thump

4.

lump

bulge

contusion

hump

nodule

protuberance

swelling

bump into **

bump into bumps into; bumping into; bumped into
If you bump into someone you know, you meet them unexpectedly. (INFORMAL)

- I happened to bump into Mervyn Johns in the hallway.

PHR-V
= run into

bump off **

bump off bumps off; bumping off; bumped off
To bump someone off means to kill them. (INFORMAL, OFTEN HUMOROUS)

- They will probably bump you off anyway!

- ...the hit man he's hired to bump off his wife.

PHR-V

bump up **

bump up bumps up; bumping up; bumped up
If you bump up an amount, you increase it suddenly, usually by a lot. (INFORMAL)

- The extra cost will bump up the price.

- Add pasta to your salads to bump up your fibre intake.

PHR-V
= boost

bumper

[D.J.:ˈbʌmpə]

[K.K.:ˈbʌmpɚ]

n.

(汽车上的)保险杠, 缓冲器

adj.

特大的, 丰盛的

bumper *

1. bumper bumpers
If traffic is bumper to bumper , the vehicles are so close to one another that they are almost touching and are moving very slowly.

- ...bumper to bumper traffic jams.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR n, PHR after v

2. bumper
A bumper crop or harvest is one that is larger than usual.

- ...a bumper crop of rice...

- In the state of Iowa, it's been a bumper year for corn.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. bumper
If you say that something is bumper size, you mean that it is very large.

- ...bumper profits.

- ...a bumper pack of matches.

ADJ: ADJ n

bumper

adjective

exceptional

abundant

bountiful

excellent

jumbo informal

massive

whopping informal

bumper car

bumper car bumper cars
A bumper car is a small electric car with a wide rubber bumper all round. People drive bumper cars around a special enclosure at a fairground.
N-COUNT

bumper sticker

bumper sticker bumper stickers
A bumper sticker is a small piece of paper or plastic with words or pictures on it, designed for sticking onto the back of your car. It usually has a political, religious, or humorous message.

- ...a bumper sticker that said, `Happiness Is Being a Grandmother'.

N-COUNT

bumpkin

[D.J.:ˈbʌmpkɪn, ˈbʌm-]

[K.K.:ˈbʌmpkɪn, ˈbʌm-]

n.

土包子;乡下佬

bumpkin

bumpkin bumpkins
If you refer to someone as a bumpkin , you think they are uneducated and stupid because they come from the countryside.

- ...unsophisticated country bumpkins.

N-COUNT disapproval
= yokel

bumpkin

noun

yokel

country bumpkin

hick informal chiefly U.S. & Canad.

hillbilly

peasant

rustic

bumptious

[D.J.:ˈbʌmpʃəs]

[K.K.:ˈbʌmpʃəs]

adj.

盲目自夸的,盲目自大的,傲慢的

bumptious

bumptious
If you say that someone is bumptious , you are criticizing them because they are very proud of themselves and their opinions.

- ...a bumptious bureaucrat.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

bumptious

adjective

cocky

arrogant

brash

conceited

forward

full of oneself

overconfident

pushy informal

self-assertive

bumpy

[D.J.:ˈbʌmpi:]

[K.K.:ˈbʌmpi]

adj.

崎岖的；不平的；颠簸的

困难重重的

give sb/have a bumpy ride

(使) 处境艰难

bumpy *

1. bumpy bumpier bumpiest
A bumpy road or path has a lot of bumps on it.

- ...bumpy cobbled streets.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ smooth

2. bumpy bumpier bumpiest
A bumpy journey is uncomfortable and rough, usually because you are travelling over an uneven surface.

- ...a hot and bumpy ride across the desert...

- We had a bumpy flight over the centre of Panama.

ADJ-GRADED

bumpy

adjective

rough

bouncy

choppy

jarring

jerky

jolting

rutted

uneven

bun

[D.J.:bʌn]

[K.K.:bʌn]

n.

圆形的小面包或点心

(女子的)圆发髻

buns

(人的)屁股,臀部

bun *

1. bun buns
Buns are small bread rolls. They are sometimes sweet and contain dried fruit or spices.

- ...a currant bun.

N-COUNT: oft n N

2. bun buns
Buns are small sweet cakes. They often have icing on the top. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

3. bun buns
If a woman has her hair in a bun , she has fastened it tightly on top of her head or at the back of her head in the shape of a ball.
N-COUNT

4. bun buns
A man's buns are his buttocks . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl

bunch

[D.J.:bʌntʃ]

[K.K.:bʌntʃ]

n.

束, 串, 捆

群, 伙

vt. & vi.

(使)…成束[捆]

bunching

[ˈbʌntʃiŋ]

n.

聚束

bunch ***

1. bunch bunches
A bunch of people is a group of people who share one or more characteristics or who are doing something together. (INFORMAL)

- My neighbours are a bunch of busybodies.

- We were a pretty inexperienced bunch of people really.

- The players were a great bunch.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n, adj N
= lot

2. bunch bunches
A bunch of flowers is a number of flowers with their stalks held or tied together.

- He had left a huge bunch of flowers in her hotel room.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n

3. bunch bunches
A bunch of bananas or grapes is a group of them growing on the same stem.

- Lili had fallen asleep clutching a fat bunch of grapes.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n

4. bunch bunches
A bunch of keys is a set of keys kept together on a metal ring.

- George took out a bunch of keys and went to work on the complicated lock.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n

5. bunch
A bunch of things is a number of things, especially a large number. (AM, INFORMAL)

- We did a bunch of songs together.

QUANT: QUANT of pl-n

6. bunch
Also a pronoun.

- I'd like to adopt a multi-racial child. In fact, I'd love a whole bunch.

PRON

7. bunch bunches
If a girl has her hair in bunches , it is parted down the middle and tied on each side of her head. (BRIT)
N-PLURAL: usu in N

8. bunch bunches bunching bunched
If clothing bunches around a part of your body, it forms a set of creases around it.

- She clutches the sides of her skirt until it bunches around her waist.

VB

9. bunch
If you say someone or something is the best of the bunch or the pick of the bunch , you mean they are the best of a group of people or things. (INFORMAL)

- I watched every game of the World Cup and Craig was the pick of the bunch.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

bunch

noun

1.

number

assortment

batch

bundle

clump

cluster

collection

heap

lot

mass

pile

2.

group

band

crowd

flock

gang

gathering

party

team

verb

3.

group

assemble

bundle

cluster

collect

huddle

mass

pack

bunch up, bunch together ***

bunch up bunches up; bunching up; bunched up
If people or things bunch up or if you bunch them up , they move close to each other so that they form a small tight group. Bunch together means the same as bunch up .

- They were bunching up, almost treading upon each other's heels.

- People were bunched up at all the exits.

- If they need to bunch aircraft more closely together to bring in one that is short of fuel, they will do so.

PHR-V-ERG

bundle

[D.J.:ˈbʌndl]

[K.K.:ˈbʌndl]

n.

捆, 包, 束

vt. & vi.

收集, 归拢, 把…塞入

bundling

[ˈbʌndliŋ]

n.

打小包,集束,成束

bundle **

1. bundle bundles
A bundle of things is a number of them that are tied together or wrapped in a cloth or bag so that they can be carried or stored.

- She produced a bundle of notes and proceeded to count out one hundred and ninety-five pounds.

- He gathered the bundles of clothing into his arms.

- I have about 20 year's magazines tied up in bundles.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. bundle bundles
You can refer to a tiny baby as a bundle .
N-COUNT: usu sing

3. bundle
If you describe someone as, for example, a bundle of fun, you are emphasizing that they are full of fun. If you describe someone as a bundle of nerves, you are emphasizing that they are very nervous.

- I remember Mickey as a bundle of fun, great to have around.

- Life at high school wasn't a bundle of laughs, either.

- He confessed to having been a bundle of nerves.

N-SING: a N of n emphasis

4. bundle bundles
If you refer to a bundle of things, you are emphasizing that there is a wide range of them.

- The profession offers a bundle of benefits, not least of which is extensive training.

N-COUNT: N of n emphasis
= package

5. bundle bundles bundling bundled
If someone is bundled somewhere, someone pushes them there in a rough and hurried way.

- He was bundled into a car and driven 50 miles to a police station.

- He was bundled in and arrested as soon as he was airborne.

VB

6. bundle
If you say that something costs a bundle , or costs someone a bundle , you are emphasizing that it is expensive. (INFORMAL)

- You can have it, but it'll cost you a bundle.

PHR: V inflects emphasis
= cost a packet

bundle

noun

1.

bunch

assortment

batch

collection

group

heap

mass

pile

stack

verb

with out, off, into, {etc.} 2.

push

hurry

hustle

rush

shove

throw

thrust

bundle off **

bundle off bundles off; bundling off; bundled off
If someone is bundled off somewhere, they are sent there or taken there in a hurry.

- The pair were then bundled off to a neighbour's house by waiting police.

- We want to bundle them off to bed quickly.

PHR-V

bundle up **

1. bundle up bundles up; bundling up; bundled up
If you bundle up a mass of things, you make them into a bundle by gathering or tying them together.

- Francis bundled up her clothes again into their small sack.

- Her mother had bundled all her Forties clothes up and burnt them.

PHR-V

2. bundle up bundles up; bundling up; bundled up
If you bundle up , you dress in a lot of warm clothes, usually because the weather is very cold. If you bundle someone up , you dress them in a lot of warm clothes.

- After the coffee we bundled up and walked down to the river.

- The next morning, Franklin and Eleanor bundled up the baby and carried him to New York.

- I spent much of my time bundled up in sweaters in an effort to keep warm.

PHR-V
= wrap up

bundle up

verb

wrap up

swathe

bung

[D.J.:bʌŋ]

[K.K.:bʌŋ]

n.

桶等的塞子

v.

桶孔堵

bung

1. bung bungs
A bung is a round piece of wood, cork, or rubber which you use to close the hole in a container such as a barrel or flask.
N-COUNT
= stopper

2. bung bungs bunging bunged
If you bung something somewhere, you put it there in a quick and careless way. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Pour a whole lot of cold water over the rice, and bung it in the oven.

VB
= stick

3. bung
If something is bunged up , it is blocked. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The sink's bunged up again.

- My nose is all bunged up.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

bungalow

[D.J.:ˈbʌŋɡələu]

[K.K.:ˈbʌŋɡəˌlo]

n.

〈英〉平房

〈美〉单层小屋; 多于一层的小屋

bungalow *

bungalow bungalows
A bungalow is a house which has only one level, and no stairs.
N-COUNT

bungee jumping

bungee jumping
If someone goes bungee jumping , they jump from a high place such as a bridge or cliff with a long piece of strong elastic cord tied around their ankle connecting them to the bridge or cliff.
N-UNCOUNT

bungle

[D.J.:ˈbʌŋgəl]

[K.K.:ˈbʌŋɡəl]

vt. &vi.

搞糟,完不成

笨手笨脚地做

n.

拙劣的工作

bungle *

1. bungle bungles bungling bungled
If you bungle something, you fail to do it properly, because you make mistakes or are clumsy.

- Two prisoners bungled an escape bid after running either side of a lamp-post while handcuffed.

- ...the FBI's bungled attempt to end the 51 day siege.

VB
= botch

2. bungle bungles
Also a noun.

- ...an appalling administrative bungle.

N-COUNT

3. bungling

- ...a bungling burglar.

ADJ-GRADED

bungle

verb

mess up

blow slang

blunder

botch

foul up

make a mess of

muff

ruin

spoil

bungling

adjective

incompetent

blundering

cack-handed informal

clumsy

ham-fisted informal

inept

maladroit

bungler

n.

笨拙者,经验不够的人

bungler

bungler bunglers
A bungler is a person who often fails to do things properly because they make mistakes or are clumsy.
N-COUNT

bunion

[D.J.:ˈbʌnjən]

[K.K.:ˈbʌnjən]

n.

拇囊, 脚趾囊肿

bunion

bunion bunions
A bunion is a large painful lump on the first joint of a person's big toe.
N-COUNT

bunk

[D.J.:bʌŋk]

[K.K.:bʌŋk]

n.

(车、船等倚壁而设的)铺位

空话, 废话

bunk *

1. bunk bunks
A bunk is a bed that is fixed to a wall, especially in a ship or caravan.

- He left his bunk and went up on deck again.

N-COUNT

2. bunk
If you describe something as bunk , you think that it is foolish or untrue. (INFORMAL)

- ...Henry Ford's opinion that `history is bunk'.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= nonsense

3. bunk
If you do a bunk , you suddenly leave a place without telling anyone. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects

bunk bunkum

noun Informal

nonsense

balderdash

baloney informal

garbage informal

hogwash

hot air informal

moonshine

poppycock informal

rubbish

stuff and nonsense

twaddle

bunk off *

bunk off bunks off; bunking off; bunked off
If you bunk off from school or work, you leave without permission and do something else. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- We thought nothing of bunking off school and travelling 100 miles to find this or that record.

PHR-V
= play truant

bunk bed

bunk bed bunk beds
Bunk beds are two beds fixed one above the other in a frame.
N-COUNT

bunker

[D.J.:ˈbʌŋkə]

[K.K.:ˈbʌŋkɚ]

n.

(士兵用的) 掩体, 地堡, 掩蔽壕

(高尔夫球场的)沙坑

bunkering

[D.J.:ˈbʌŋkəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbʌŋkərɪŋ]

n.

装燃料,燃料贮存

bunkers

燃料

bunker **

1. bunker bunkers
A bunker is a place, usually underground, that has been built with strong walls to protect it against heavy gunfire and bombing.

- ...an extensive network of fortified underground bunkers.

N-COUNT

2. bunker bunkers
A bunker is a container for coal or other fuel.
N-COUNT

3. bunker bunkers
On a golf course, a bunker is a large area filled with sand, which is deliberately put there as an obstacle that golfers must try to avoid.
N-COUNT

4. bunker bunkers bunkering bunkered
In golf, if you bunker a shot, you hit your ball into the bunker.

- She bunkered her second shot.

VB

bunkum

[D.J.:ˈbʌŋkəm]

[K.K.:ˈbʌŋkəm]

n.

博取欢心的演说,废话

bunkum

bunkum
If you say that something that has been said or written is bunkum , you mean that you think it is completely untrue or very stupid. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- It's a load of bunkum.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= balderdash

bunny

[D.J.:ˈbʌni]

[K.K.:ˈbʌni]

n.

兔子

bunny *

bunny bunnies
A bunny or bunny rabbit is a child's word for a rabbit. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

bunting

[D.J.:ˈbʌntɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbʌntɪŋ]

n.

彩旗,彩带

(做彩旗用的)布

(婴儿的)睡袋,棉斗篷

<鸟>鹀

bunting

bunting
Bunting consists of rows of small coloured flags that are used to decorate streets and buildings on special occasions.

- Red, white and blue bunting hung in the city's renovated train station.

N-UNCOUNT

buoy

[D.J.:ˈbu:i:, bɔɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbui, bɔɪ]

n.

浮标, 航标

救生圈,救生衣

vt.

为...设浮标;用浮标标出

使浮起

支持, 维持

振奋…的精神, 使具有信心, 鼓励

buoy sb/sth up

使漂浮；使浮起

保持高价；使(价格)维持于较高水平

鼓励；鼓舞

buoy *

1. buoy buoys
A buoy is a floating object that is used to show ships and boats where they can go and to warn them of danger.
N-COUNT

2. buoy buoys buoying buoyed
If someone in a difficult situation is buoyed by something, it makes them feel more cheerful and optimistic.

- In May they danced in the streets, buoyed by their victory.

- German domestic consumption buoyed the German economy.

VB

3. buoy up; buoys up; buoying up; buoyed up
Buoy up means the same as buoy .

- They are buoyed up by a sense of hope.

PHR-V

buoy

noun

1.

marker

beacon

float

guide

signal

verb

buoy up

2.

encourage

boost

cheer

cheer up

hearten

keep afloat

lift

raise

support

sustain

buoyancy

[D.J.:ˈbɔɪənsi:, ˈbu:jən-]

[K.K.:ˈbɔɪənsi, ˈbujən-]

n.

(物体在液体里的)浮性

浮力

(从失望、噩耗等中)恢复正常的能力,恢复乐观

(价格、营业状况等的)维持力,恢复力,上涨行情,增长趋势

buoyancy

1. buoyancy
Buoyancy is the ability that something has to float on a liquid or in the air.

- Air can be pumped into the diving suit to increase buoyancy.

N-UNCOUNT

2. buoyancy
Buoyancy is a person's ability to remain cheerful, even in sad or unpleasant situations.

- I'll have to take stock, go carefully and regain my buoyancy.

N-UNCOUNT

3. buoyancy
Buoyancy is a feeling of cheerfulness.

- ...a mood of buoyancy and optimism.

N-UNCOUNT

4. buoyancy
There is economic buoyancy when the economy is growing.

- The likelihood is that the slump will be followed by a period of buoyancy.

N-UNCOUNT

buoyancy

noun

1.

lightness

weightlessness

2.

cheerfulness

animation

bounce informal

good humour

high spirits

liveliness

buoyant

[D.J.:ˈbɔɪənt, ˈbu:jənt]

[K.K.:ˈbɔɪənt, ˈbujənt]

adj.

有浮力的

轻松愉快的, 开朗的, 容易复原的

趋于上升的;上涨的

buoyant *

1. buoyant
If you are in a buoyant mood, you feel cheerful and behave in a lively way.

- She was in a buoyant mood and they were looking forward to their new life.

- You will feel more buoyant and optimistic about the future than you have for a long time.

ADJ-GRADED
= cheerful

2. buoyant
A buoyant economy is a successful one in which there is a lot of trade and economic activity.

- We have a buoyant economy and unemployment is considerably lower than the regional average.

- High interest rates do not point to a buoyant market this year.

- Analysts expect the share price to remain buoyant.

ADJ-GRADED

3. buoyant
A buoyant object floats on a liquid.

- This was such a small and buoyant boat.

- While there is still sufficient trapped air within the container to keep it buoyant, it will float.

ADJ-GRADED

buoyant

adjective

1.

floating

afloat

light

weightless

2.

cheerful

carefree

chirpy informal

happy

jaunty

light-hearted

upbeat informal

burble

[D.J.:ˈbə:bl]

[K.K.:ˈbɚbəl]

vi.

(流水)发汩汩声,(婴孩般)咿呀学语,嘟囔,窃笑

n.

空谈,漩涡

burbling

[ˈbə:bliŋ]

n.

气流分离,起泡,附面层分离

burble

1. burble burbles burbling burbled
If something burbles , it makes a low continuous bubbling sound.

- The water burbled over gravel.

- The river gurgled and burbled.

VB

2. burble burbles burbling burbled
If you say that someone is burbling , you mean that they are talking in a confused way.

- He burbled something incomprehensible.

- Key burbled about the wonderful people who contribute to tourism.

- He burbles on about freedom.

VB

burden

[D.J.:ˈbə:dən]

[K.K.:ˈbɚdn]

n.

重负

vt.

加重压于, 使背负

burdened

负荷的

burdening

载荷;载重;配料

burden ***

1. burden burdens
If you describe a problem or a responsibility as a burden , you mean that it causes someone a lot of difficulty, worry, or hard work.

- The developing countries bear the burden of an enormous external debt.

- They don't go around with the burdens of the world on their shoulders the whole time.

- Her death will be an impossible burden on Paul.

- The financial burden will be more evenly shared.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of/on n
= pressure strain

2. burden burdens
A burden is a heavy load that is difficult to carry. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

3. burden burdens burdening burdened
If someone burdens you with something that is likely to worry you, for example a problem or a difficult decision, they tell you about it.

- We decided not to burden him with the news.

VB
= worry

4. burden
The burden of proof is the task of proving that you are correct, for example when you have accused someone of a crime.

- The burden of proof is on the prosecution.

PHR

burdened *

1. burdened
If you are burdened with something, it causes you a lot of worry or hard work.

- Nicaragua was burdened with a foreign debt of $11 billion.

- They may be burdened by guilt and regret.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with/by n

2. burdened
If you describe someone as burdened with a heavy load, you are emphasizing that it is very heavy and that they are holding it or carrying it with difficulty.

- ...a stocky man who did everything at the run, even when burdened with heavy camera gear...

- Anna and Rosemary arrived burdened by bags and food baskets.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with/by n emphasis
= weighed down

burden

noun

1.

load

encumbrance

weight

2.

trouble

affliction

millstone

onus

responsibility

strain

weight

worry

verb

3.

weigh down

bother

handicap

load

oppress

saddle with

tax

worry

burdensome

[D.J.:ˈbə:dnsəm]

[K.K.:ˈbɚdnsəm]

adj.

繁重的,烦累的,难以承担的

burdensome

burdensome
If you describe something as burdensome , you mean it is worrying or hard to deal with. (WRITTEN)

- ...a large and burdensome debt...

- The load was too burdensome.

ADJ-GRADED
= onerous

bureau

[D.J.:ˈbjuərəu]

[K.K.:ˈbjʊro]

n.

局, 办事处, 分社

bureau **

1. bureau
A bureau is an office, organization, or government department that collects and distributes information.

- ...the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

- ...the Citizens' Advice Bureau.

N-COUNT: oft in names The usual plural in British English is bureaux . The usual plural in American English is bureaus

2. bureau
A bureau is an office of a company or organization which has its main office in another town or country. (mainly AM)

- ...the Wall Street Journal's Washington bureau.

N-COUNT The usual plural in British English is bureaux . The usual plural in American English is bureaus
= office

3. bureau
A bureau is a writing desk with shelves and drawers and a lid that opens to form the writing surface. (BRIT)
N-COUNT The usual plural in British English is bureaux . The usual plural in American English is bureaus
= writing desk

4. bureau
A bureau is a chest of drawers. (AM)
N-COUNT The usual plural in British English is bureaux . The usual plural in American English is bureaus

bureau

noun

1.

office

agency

branch

department

division

service

2.

desk

writing desk

bureaucracy

[D.J.:bjuəˈrɔkrəsi]

[K.K.:bjʊˈrɑkrəsi]

n.

政府机构

官僚主义, 官僚作风

bureaucracy **

1. bureaucracy bureaucracies
A bureaucracy is an administrative system operated by a large number of officials.

- State bureaucracies can tend to stifle enterprise and initiative.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. bureaucracy
Bureaucracy refers to all the rules and procedures followed by government departments and similar organizations, especially when you think that these are complicated and cause long delays.

- People usually complain about having to deal with too much bureaucracy.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= red tape

bureaucracy

noun

1.

government

administration

authorities

civil service

corridors of power

officials

the system

2.

red tape

officialdom

regulations

bureaucrat

[D.J.:ˈbjʊərəˌkræt]

[K.K.:ˈbjʊrəˌkræt]

n.

官僚,官僚主义者,官僚作风的人

bureaucratese

n.

官僚语言

bureaucratism

n.

官僚主义

bureaucratist

n.

官僚主义者

bureaucratese

[D.J.:ˌbjuərəkrəˈti:z]

[K.K.:ˌbjʊrəkræˈtiz, -ˈtis]

n.

官场话,官腔,官腔十足的文体

bureaucratism

[bjuəˈrɔkrətizəm]

n.

官僚主义,官僚作风

bureaucratist

[bjuəˈrɔkrətist]

n.

官僚主义者

bureaucrat **

bureaucrat bureaucrats
Bureaucrats are officials who work in a large administrative system. You can refer to officials as bureaucrats especially if you disapprove of them because they seem to follow rules and procedures too strictly.

- The economy is still controlled by bureaucrats.

N-COUNT: usu pl disapproval

bureaucrat

noun

official

administrator

civil servant

functionary

mandarin

officer

public servant

bureaucratic

[ˌbjuərəuˈkrætik]

adj.

官僚的, 官僚主义的, 官僚作风的

bureaucratic **

bureaucratic
Bureaucratic means involving complicated rules and procedures which can cause long delays.

- Diplomats believe that bureaucratic delays are inevitable.

- The department has become a bureaucratic nightmare.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

bureaux

[D.J.:bjuəˈrəuz]

[K.K.:ˈbjʊroz]

n.

办公室

bureaux

Bureaux is a plural form of bureau .

burgeon

[D.J.:ˈbɜ:dʒən]

[K.K.:ˈbə..dʒən]

n.

嫩芽；嫩枝

vi.

发芽；抽枝

迅速发展

vt.

发(芽)；抽(枝)

burgeoning

[ˈbə:dʒəniŋ]

adj.

迅速成长的; 迅速发展的

burgeon *

burgeon burgeons burgeoning burgeoned
If something burgeons , it grows or develops rapidly. (LITERARY)

- Plants burgeon from every available space.

- My confidence began to burgeon later in life.

- ...Japan's burgeoning satellite-TV industry.

VB

burger

[D.J.:ˈbə:ɡə]

[K.K.:ˈbɚɡɚ]

n.

汉堡包

burger *

burger burgers
A burger is a flat round mass of minced meat or vegetables, which is fried and often eaten in a bread roll.

- ...burger and chips.

- ...vegetable burgers.

N-COUNT

burgher

[D.J.:ˈbə:ɡə]

[K.K.:ˈbɚɡɚ]

n.

公民,市民(现主要指某些欧洲国家中产阶级的市民或镇民)

burgher

burgher burghers
The burghers of a town or city are the people who live there, especially the richer or more respectable people. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...the burghers of Prato.

N-COUNT: usu pl

burglar

[D.J.:ˈbə:ɡlə]

[K.K.:ˈbɚɡlɚ]

n.

窃贼, 破门盗窃者

burglar *

burglar burglars
A burglar is a thief who enters a house or other building by force.

- Burglars broke into their home.

N-COUNT

burglar

noun

housebreaker

cat burglar

filcher

pilferer

robber

sneak thief

thief

burglar alarm

burglar alarm burglar alarms
A burglar alarm is an electric device that makes a bell ring loudly if someone tries to enter a building by force.
N-COUNT

burglarize

[D.J.:ˈbɜ:gləˌraɪz]

[K.K.:ˈbə..ɡləˌraɪz]

vt.

<美>闯入…盗窃

vi.

破门盗窃

burglarize

burglarize burglarizes burglarizing burglarized
If a building is burglarized , a thief enters it by force and steals things. (AM; in BRIT use burgle )

- Her home was burglarized.

VB: usu passive

burglary

[D.J.:ˈbɜ:gləri:]

[K.K.:ˈbə..ɡləri]

n.

夜盗；夜盗行为

入户行窃;入户盗窃罪

burglary *

burglary burglaries
If someone commits a burglary , they enter a building by force and steal things. Burglary is the act of doing this.

- An 11-year-old boy committed a burglary.

- He's been arrested for burglary.

N-VAR

burglary

noun

breaking and entering

break-in

housebreaking

larceny

robbery

stealing

theft

thieving

burgle

[D.J.:ˈbɜ:gəl]

[K.K.:ˈbə..ɡəl]

vt. & vi.

破门盗窃

burgle

burgle burgles burgling burgled
If a building is burgled , a thief enters it by force and steals things. (BRIT; in AM use burglarize )

- I found that my flat had been burgled.

- I thought we had been burgled.

- Two teenagers burgled the home of Mr Jones's mother.

VB

burgundy *

1. burgundy burgundies
Burgundy is used to describe things that are purplish-red in colour.

- He was wearing a burgundy polyester jacket.

- ...burgundy-coloured armchairs.

COLOUR

2. burgundy burgundies
Burgundy is a type of wine. It can be white or red in colour and comes from the region of France called Burgundy.

- ...a bottle of white burgundy.

N-MASS

burial

[D.J.:ˈberiəl]

[K.K.:ˈbɛriəl]

n.

葬, 掩埋, 葬礼

burial *

burial burials
A burial is the act or ceremony of putting a dead body into a grave in the ground.

- The priest prepared the body for burial.

- He can have a decent burial.

N-VAR

burial

noun

interment

entombment

exequies

funeral

obsequies

burial ground

burial ground burial grounds
A burial ground is a place where bodies are buried, especially an ancient place.

- ...an ancient burial ground.

N-COUNT
= graveyard

burlap

[D.J.:ˈbə:læp]

[K.K.:ˈbɚˌlæp]

n.

(由黄麻制的做麻袋等用的)粗麻布

burlap

burlap
Burlap is a thick, rough fabric that is used for making sacks. (AM; in BRIT use hessian )

- ...a burlap sack.

N-UNCOUNT

burlesque

[D.J.:bəˈlesk]

[K.K.:bɚˈlɛsk]

n.

滑稽模仿

<美>(包括脱衣舞的)滑稽歌舞杂剧

adj.

嘲弄地模仿的

滑稽剧的,用滑稽剧的

vt. & vi.

(嘲弄地)模仿;(通过模仿)取笑

burlesque

burlesque burlesques
A burlesque is a performance or a piece of writing that makes fun of something by copying it in an exaggerated way. You can also use burlesque to refer to a situation in real life that is like this.

- The book read like a black comic burlesque.

- ...a trio of burlesque Moscow stereotypes.

N-VAR

burlesque

noun

1.

parody

caricature

mockery

satire

send-up Brit. informal

spoof informal

takeoff informal

travesty

verb

2.

satirize

ape

caricature

exaggerate

imitate

lampoon

make a monkey out of

make fun of

mock

parody

ridicule

send up Brit. informal

spoof informal

take off informal

take the piss out of taboo slang

travesty

burly

[D.J.:ˈbə:li]

[K.K.:ˈbɚli]

adj.

(指人)魁梧的, 健壮的

burly *

burly burlier burliest
A burly man has a broad body and strong muscles.

- He was a big, burly man.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

burly

adjective

brawny

beefy informal

big

bulky

hefty

hulking

stocky

stout

sturdy

thickset

well-built

Burmese

[D.J.:bəˈmi:z, -ˈmi:s]

[K.K.:bɚˈmiz, -ˈmis]

n.

缅甸人,缅甸国民

缅甸人后裔

缅甸族人

缅甸语

缅甸猫

adj.

(有关)缅甸的;(有关) 缅甸人的;(有关) 缅甸语的

Burmese ***

1. Burmese
Burmese means belonging or relating to Burma, or to its people, language, or culture. Burma is now known as Myanmar.
ADJ Burmese is both the singular and the plural form

2. Burmese
A Burmese is a Burmese citizen or a person of Burmese origin.
N-COUNT Burmese is both the singular and the plural form

3. Burmese
Burmese is the main language spoken by the people who live in Burma, now known as Myanmar.
N-UNCOUNT Burmese is both the singular and the plural form

burn

[D.J.:bə:n]

[K.K.:bɚn]

vt., vi. & link v.

(使)燃烧

vt. & vi.

使用某物为燃料

烧毁, 烧坏, 烧伤

n.

烧伤, 烧痕

burning

[D.J.:ˈbɜ:nɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbə..nɪŋ]

n.

燃烧

adj.

燃烧的；烧着的；着火的

发热的;火热的

急切的,迫切的

(欲望等)炽烈的；强烈的

引起争论的

burning point

燃烧点

burns

[D.J.:bə:nz]

[K.K.:bɚnz]

n.

〈美〉络腮胡子,大鬓角

burnt

[D.J.:bɜ:nt]

[K.K.:bə..nt]

adj.

烧坏的;烧伤的;烫伤的;灼伤的

get your fingers burnt

(尤指做生意时)没有先见之明而蒙受损失

burn ****

1. burn burns burning burnt
If there is a fire or a flame somewhere, you say that there is a fire or flame burning there.

- Fires were burning out of control in the center of the city.

- There was a fire burning in the large fireplace.

- The furnace has a design that allows the flame to burn at a lower temperature.

VB The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

2. burn burns burning burnt
If something is burning , it is on fire.

- When I arrived one of the vehicles was still burning.

- The building housed 1,500 refugees and it burned for hours.

- That boy was rescued from a burning house.

VB The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

3. burning

- When we arrived in our village there was a terrible smell of burning.

N-UNCOUNT

4. burn burns burning burnt
If you burn something, you destroy or damage it with fire.

- Protesters set cars on fire and burned a building.

- Incineration plants should be built to burn household waste.

- Coal fell out of the fire, and burned the carpet.

VB The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

5. burning

- The French government has criticized the burning of a US flag outside the American Embassy.

N-UNCOUNT

6. burn burns burning burnt
If you burn a fuel or if it burns , it is used to produce heat, light, or energy.

- The power stations burn coal from the Ruhr region.

- Manufacturers are working with new fuels to find one that burns more cleanly than petrol.

V-ERG The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

7. burn burns burning burnt
If you burn something that you are cooking or if it burns , you spoil it by using too great a heat.

- I burnt the toast.

- Watch them carefully as they finish cooking because they can burn easily.

V-ERG The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

8. burnt

- ...the smell of burnt toast.

ADJ-GRADED

9. burn burns burning burnt
If you burn part of your body, burn yourself, or are burnt , you are injured by fire or by something very hot.

- Take care not to burn your fingers.

- If you are badly burnt, seek medical attention.

VB The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

10. burn burns
Also a noun.

- She suffered appalling burns to her back.

N-COUNT The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

11. burn burns burning burnt
If someone is burnt or burnt to death, they are killed by fire.

- Women were burned as witches in the middle ages.

- At least 80 people were burnt to death when their bus caught fire.

VB: usu passive The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

12. burn burns burning burnt
If a light is burning , it is shining. (LITERARY)

- The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-story window.

VB The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

13. burn burns burning burnt
If your face is burning , it is red because you are embarrassed or upset.

- Liz's face was burning.

VB: usu cont The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

14. burn burns burning burnt
If you are burning with an emotion or are burning to do something, you feel that emotion or the desire to do that thing very strongly.

- The young boy was burning with a fierce ambition.

- Dan burned to know what the reason could be.

VB The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

15. burn burns burning burnt
If you burn or get burned in the sun, the sun makes your skin become red and sore.

- Build up your tan slowly and don't allow your skin to burn.

V-ERG The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

16. burn burns burning burnt
If a part of your body burns or if something burns it, it has a painful, hot or stinging feeling.

- My eyes burn from staring at the needle.

- His face was burning with cold.

- ...delicious Indian recipes which won't burn your throat.

V-ERG The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

17. burn burns burning burnt
If you are burned or get burned , you lose something as a result of taking a risk, usually in a business deal. (INFORMAL)

- They always took chances and got burned very badly in past years.

VB: usu passive The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

burning **

1. burning
You use burning to describe something that is extremely hot.

- ...the burning desert of Central Asia.

ADJ

2. burning
Also an adverb.

- He touched the boy's forehead. It was burning hot.

ADV: ADV adj
= scorching

3. burning
If you say that someone has burning eyes, you mean they look at you in an intense way or have bright eyes because of a strong feeling. (LITERARY)

- She glared at both of them with burning, reproachful eyes.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. burning
If you have a burning interest in something or a burning desire to do something, you are extremely interested in it or want to do it very much.

- I had a burning ambition to become a journalist.

- She had a burning desire to wreak revenge.

ADJ: ADJ n
= passionate

5. burning
A burning issue or question is a very important or urgent one that people feel very strongly about.

- The burning question in this year's debate over the federal budget is: whose taxes should be raised?

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

burnt

burnt
Burnt is a past tense and past participle of burn .

burn

verb

1.

be on fire

be ablaze

blaze

flame

flare

glow

go up in flames

smoke

2.

set on fire

char

ignite

incinerate

kindle

light

parch

scorch

sear

singe

toast

3.

be passionate

be angry

be aroused

be inflamed

fume

seethe

simmer

smoulder

burning

adjective

1.

intense

ardent

eager

fervent

impassioned

passionate

vehement

2.

crucial

acute

compelling

critical

essential

important

pressing

significant

urgent

vital

3.

blazing

fiery

flaming

flashing

gleaming

glowing

illuminated

scorching

smouldering

burn down ****

burn down burns down; burning down; burnt down
If a building burns down or if someone burns it down , it is completely destroyed by fire.

- Six months after Bud died, the house burned down.

- Anarchists burnt down a restaurant.

PHR-V-ERG The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

burn off ****

1. burn off burns off; burning off; burnt off
If someone burns off energy, they use it.

- This will improve your performance and help you burn off calories.

PHR-V The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

2. burn off burns off; burning off; burnt off
To burn off something unwanted means to get rid of it by burning it.

- The bushfire actually helped to burn off a lot of dead undergrowth.

PHR-V The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

burn out ****

1. burn out burns out; burning out; burnt out
If a fire burns itself out , it stops burning because there is nothing left to burn.

- Fire officials let the fire burn itself out.

PHR-V The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

2. burn out burns out; burning out; burnt out
If you burn yourself out , you make yourself exhausted or ill by working too hard.

- He might burn himself out and go to an early grave.

PHR-V The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English
= wear out

burn up ****

1. burn up burns up; burning up; burnt up
If something burns up or if fire burns it up , it is completely destroyed by fire or strong heat.

- The satellite re-entered the atmosphere and burned up.

- Fires have burned up 180,000 acres of timber.

PHR-V-ERG The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

2. burn up burns up; burning up; burnt up
If something burns up fuel or energy, it uses it.

- Brisk walking can burn up more calories than slow jogging.

PHR-V The past tense and past participle is burned in American English, and burned or burnt in British English

burner

[D.J.:ˈbɜ:nə]

[K.K.:ˈbə..nɚ]

n.

炉子

烧制者

(火炉、煤油灯等的)灯口,火口

燃烧器,灯,炉

on the back burner

暂且放一放；从长计议；以后再做(或考虑)某事

burners

炉

burner *

burner burners
A burner is a device which produces heat or a flame, especially as part of a cooker, stove, or heater.

- He put the frying pan on the gas burner.

N-COUNT
See also back burner , front burner .

burnish

[D.J.:ˈbɜ:nɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbə..nɪʃ]

vt.

擦亮(金属等)；磨光

vi.

被擦亮;磨光

n.

光泽,光亮;抛光

burnishing

[ˈbə:niʃiŋ]

n.

磨光,抛光,擦亮

burnish

burnish burnishes burnishing burnished
To burnish the image of someone or something means to improve their image. (JOURNALISM)

- The European Parliament badly needs a president who can burnish its image.

VB
= improve

burnished

burnished
You can describe something as burnished when it is bright or smooth. (LITERARY)

- The clouds glowed like burnished gold.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= polished

burnish

verb

polish

brighten

buff

furbish

glaze

rub up

shine

smooth

burn-out

burn-out
If someone suffers burn-out , they exhaust themselves at an early stage in their life or career because they have achieved too much too quickly. (INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

burnt-out

[D.J.:ˈbɜ:ntˈaʊt]

[K.K.:ˈbɚntˈaʊt]

adj.

竭尽的,因过度使用而损坏的

burnt-out *

burnt-out
Burnt-out vehicles or buildings have been so badly damaged by fire that they can no longer be used.

- ...a burnt-out car.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) burned-out

burp

[D.J.:bɜ:p]

[K.K.:bə..p]

vi.

打嗝

n.

打嗝,饱嗝

burp

1. burp burps burping burped
When someone burps , they make a noise because air from their stomach has been forced up through their throat.

- Charlie burped loudly.

VB
= belch

2. burp burps
Also a noun.

- There followed a barely audible burp.

N-COUNT

burr

[D.J.:bɜ:]

[K.K.:bə..]

n.

讲话时的r音

呼呼声

金属的毛边

带刺的种子；有芒刺的草(或其他植物)

粘附着的东西

(铆铆钉时用的)小垫圈

(牙医用)圆头锉,牙钻

磨石,臼石

vi.

发出嗡嗡声；粗声粗气地说话

发颤动小舌(或舌尖)的r音

vt.

以粗喉音发出

从...除去芒刺

在...上形成毛边

burrs

过火砖

burr

1. burr burrs
A burr is the part of some plants which contains seeds and which has little hooks on the outside so that it sticks to clothes or fur.
N-COUNT The spelling bur is also used

2. burr burrs
If someone has a burr , they speak English with a regional accent in which `r' sounds are pronounced more strongly than in the standard British way of speaking.

- ...a warm West Country burr.

N-COUNT: usu sing

burrow

[D.J.:ˈbʌrəu]

[K.K.:ˈbɚro, ˈbʌro]

vt. & vi.

挖掘(洞穴); 挖洞

vi.

翻寻

n.

地洞

burrowing

掘穴

burrow *

1. burrow burrows
A burrow is a tunnel or hole in the ground that is dug by an animal such as a rabbit.
N-COUNT

2. burrow burrows burrowing burrowed
If an animal burrows into the ground or into a surface, it moves through it by making a tunnel or hole.

- The larvae burrow into cracks in the floor.

VB
= tunnel

3. burrow burrows burrowing burrowed
If you burrow in a container or pile of things, you search there for something using your hands.

- He burrowed into the pile of charts feverishly.

- ...the enthusiasm with which he burrowed through old records in search of facts.

VB

4. burrow burrows burrowing burrowed
If you burrow into something, you move underneath it or press against it, usually in order to feel warmer or safer.

- She turned her face away from him, burrowing into her heap of covers.

VB

burrow

noun

1.

hole

den

lair

retreat

shelter

tunnel

verb

2.

dig

delve

excavate

hollow out

scoop out

tunnel

bursar

[D.J.:ˈbɜ:sə, -ˌsɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈbə..sɚ, -ˌsɑr]

n.

(大学等的)财务主管

奖学金获得者

bursar

bursar bursars
The bursar of a school or college is the person who is in charge of its finance or general administration.
N-COUNT
= treasurer

bursary

[D.J.:ˈbə:səri]

[K.K.:ˈbɚsəri]

n.

(尤指大学的)库房,金库,奖学金

bursary

bursary bursaries
A bursary is a sum of money which is given to someone to allow them to study in a college or university. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT
= scholarship

burst

[D.J.:bə:st]

[K.K.:bɚst]

vt. & vi.

爆炸, 爆裂

挤满, 充满

突然打开

突然发作, 突然发生

n.

爆炸, 爆裂; 爆发, 突发

burst ***

1. burst bursts bursting
If something bursts or if you burst it, it suddenly breaks open or splits open and the air or other substance inside it comes out.

- The driver lost control when a tyre burst.

- It is not a good idea to burst a blister.

- ...a flood caused by a burst pipe.

V-ERG The form burst is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. burst bursts bursting
If a dam bursts , or if something bursts it, it breaks apart because the force of the river is too great.

- A dam burst and flooded their villages.

V-ERG The form burst is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

3. burst bursts bursting
If a river bursts its banks, the water rises and goes on to the land.

- Monsoons caused the river to burst its banks.

VB The form burst is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

4. burst bursts bursting
When a door or lid bursts open, it opens very suddenly and violently because someone pushes it or there is great pressure behind it.

- The door burst open and an angry young nurse appeared.

VB The form burst is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= fly open

5. burst bursts bursting
To burst into or out of a place means to enter or leave it suddenly with a lot of energy or force.

- Gunmen burst into his home and opened fire.

- Rachel burst out as the door was flung open again.

VB The form burst is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= rush

6. burst bursts bursting
If you say that something bursts onto the scene, you mean that it suddenly starts or becomes active, usually after developing quietly for some time. (JOURNALISM)

- Chinese companies have burst upon the scene with millions of dollars in their pockets.

VB The form burst is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

7. burst bursts bursting
If you say that someone is about to burst with pride, anger, or another emotion, you are emphasizing the intensity of the emotion they are feeling. (WRITTEN)

- He almost burst with pride when his son John began to excel at football.

- He thought his heart would burst with grief.

VB The form burst is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle emphasis

8. burst bursts bursting
When a firework or bomb bursts in the air, it explodes.

- Hundreds of fireworks burst simultaneously in midair.

- Every now and then you hear some bombs bursting.

VB The form burst is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= explode

9. burst bursts
A burst of something is a sudden short period of it.

- ...a burst of machine-gun fire...

- It is easier to cope with short bursts of activity than with prolonged exercise.

- The current flows in little bursts.

N-COUNT: usu N of n The form burst is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

bursting *

1. bursting
If a place is bursting with people or things, it is full of them.

- The place appears to be bursting with women directors.

- ...a terraced vegetable garden, bursting with produce.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n
= teeming

2. bursting
If you say that someone is bursting with a feeling or quality, you mean that they have a great deal of it.

- I was bursting with curiosity.

- ...a character bursting with energy and vivacity.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with n

3. bursting
If you are bursting to do something, you are very eager to do it. (INFORMAL)

- She was bursting to tell everyone.

- We'll go there bursting to give it our all.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to-inf

4. bursting
If someone says they are bursting , they are emphasizing that they need to urinate very soon. (INFORMAL)
ADJ: v-link ADJ emphasis

5. bursting
If you say that a place is bursting at the seams or full to bursting , you are emphasizing that it is very full indeed.

- The camps are said to be bursting at the seams.

- The room was full to bursting.

PHR emphasis

burst

verb

1.

explode

blow up

break

crack

puncture

rupture

shatter

split

tear apart

2.

rush

barge

break

break out

erupt

gush forth

run

spout

noun

3.

explosion

bang

blast

blowout

break

crack

discharge

rupture

split

4.

rush

gush

gust

outbreak

outburst

outpouring

spate

spurt

surge

torrent

adjective

5.

ruptured

flat

punctured

rent

split

burst into ***

1. burst into bursts into; bursting into
If you burst into tears, laughter, or song, you suddenly begin to cry, laugh, or sing.

- She burst into tears and ran from the kitchen.

- ...books that cause adults to burst into helpless laughter.

PHR-V The form burst is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. burst into bursts into; bursting into
When plants burst into leaf or flower, their leaves or flowers suddenly open. (WRITTEN)

- ...rows of wallflowers promising to burst into bloom.

PHR-V The form burst is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= break into

3. burst into bursts into; bursting into
If you say that something bursts into a particular situation or state, you mean that it suddenly changes into that situation or state.

- This weekend's fighting is threatening to burst into full-scale war.

- The engine burst into life.

PHR-V The form burst is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= erupt

burst out ***

1. burst out bursts out; bursting out
If someone bursts out laughing, crying, or making another noise, they suddenly start making that noise. You can also say that a noise bursts out .

- The class burst out laughing.

- Then the applause burst out.

- Everyone burst out into conversation.

PHR-V-ERG The form burst is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. burst out bursts out; bursting out
If someone bursts out something, they say it suddenly and loudly. (WRITTEN)

- `I want to be just like you', she bursts out.

PHR-V The form burst is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

3. burst out bursts out; bursting out
If a situation or problem bursts out , it suddenly appears.

- Malaria is bursting out again all over the world.

- Then war burst out.

PHR-V The form burst is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= break out

buried

埋入地下的;嵌入地下的

bury

[D.J.:ˈberi]

[K.K.:ˈbɛri]

vt.

埋葬

掩埋, 埋藏

原谅

不公开, 隐藏

沉溺于; 专心于

burying

[D.J.:ˈberiiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbɛriɪŋ]

n.

埋,埋葬

bury ***

1. bury buries burying buried
To bury something means to put it into a hole in the ground and cover it up with earth.

- They make the charcoal by burying wood in the ground and then slowly burning it.

- ...squirrels who bury nuts and seeds.

- ...buried treasure.

VB

2. bury buries burying buried
To bury a dead person means to put their body into a grave and cover it with earth.

- ...soldiers who helped to bury the dead in large communal graves...

- I was horrified that people would think I was dead and bury me alive.

- More than 9,000 men lie buried here.

VB
= inter

3. bury buries burying buried
If someone says they have buried one of their relatives, they mean that one of their relatives has died.

- He had buried his wife some two years before he retired.

VB

4. bury buries burying buried
If you bury something under a large quantity of things, you put it there, often in order to hide it.

- She buried it under some leaves.

- I was looking for my handbag, which was buried under a pile of old newspapers.

VB

5. bury buries burying buried
If something buries a place or person, it falls on top of them so that it completely covers them and often harms them in some way.

- Latest reports say that mud slides buried entire villages.

- Their house was buried by a landslide.

- He was buried under the debris for several hours.

VB

6. bury buries burying buried
If you bury your head or face in something, you press your head or face against it, often because you are unhappy.

- She buried her face in the pillows.

- He held her closely, burying his head against her shoulder.

VB
= hide

7. bury buries burying buried
If something buries itself somewhere, or if you bury it there, it is pushed very deeply in there.

- The missile buried itself deep in the grassy hillside.

- He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried in the pockets of his dark overcoat.

VB

8. bury buries burying buried
If you bury a feeling, you try not to show it. If you bury a memory, you try to forget it. (WRITTEN)

- When we feel anger, we bury the emotion and feel guilty instead.

- It is time to bury our past misunderstandings.

- ...deeply-buried memories.

VB
= suppress

9. bury buries burying buried
If you bury yourself in a place or in an activity such as your work, you spend all your time in that place or doing that activity, usually because you want to forget about things.

- His reaction was to withdraw, to bury himself in work.

- ...the popular image of writers burying themselves in the country in order to write.

VB

10. bury buries burying buried
If you bury your head in something such as a book or newspaper, or bury yourself in it, you look at it closely and concentrate very hard on it.

- My father buried his head in his newspaper.

- He buried himself in his detective story again.

VB

buried

adjective

1.

interred

entombed

laid to rest

2.

hidden

concealed

private

sequestered

tucked away

bury

verb

1.

inter

consign to the grave

entomb

inhume

lay to rest

2.

embed

engulf

submerge

3.

hide

conceal

cover

enshroud

secrete

stow away

bus

[D.J.:bʌs]

[K.K.:bʌs]

n.

公共汽车, 巴士

buses

n.

公共汽车

busing

[D.J.:ˈbʌsiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbʌsɪŋ]

n.

以公共汽车运人

busses

[D.J.:ˈbʌsɪz]

[K.K.:ˈbʌsɪz]

汽车,巴士

bussing

[D.J.:ˈbʌsiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈbʌsɪŋ]

n.

高压线与汇流排的连接

bus ***

1. bus buses
A bus is a large motor vehicle which carries passengers from one place to another. Buses drive along particular routes, and you have to pay to travel in them.

- He missed his last bus home.

- They had to travel everywhere by bus.

N-COUNT: also by N The plural form of the noun is buses .

2. bus busses bussing bussed
When someone is bussed to a particular place or when they bus there, they travel there on a bus.

- On May Day hundreds of thousands used to be bussed in to parade through East Berlin.

- To get our Colombian visas we bussed back to Medellin.

- Essential services were provided by Serbian workers bussed in from outside the province.

V-ERG The third person singular of the verb is busses . American English uses the spellings buses , busing , bused for the verb

3. bus busses bussing bussed
In some parts of the United States, when children are bused to school, they are transported by bus to a school in a different area so that children of different races can be educated together.

- Many schools were in danger of closing because the children were bused out to other neighborhoods.

VB: usu passive The third person singular of the verb is busses . American English uses the spellings buses , busing , bused for the verb

4. busing

- The courts ordered busing to desegregate the schools.

N-UNCOUNT

bus boy

bus boy bus boys
A bus boy is someone whose job is to set or clear tables in a restaurant. (AM)
N-COUNT

bush

[D.J.:buʃ]

[K.K.:bʊʃ]

n.

灌木(丛)

bush **

1. bush bushes
A bush is a large plant which is smaller than a tree and has a lot of branches.

- Trees and bushes grew down to the water's edge.

N-COUNT
= shrub

2. bush
The wild, uncultivated parts of some hot countries are referred to as the bush .

- They walked through the dense Mozambican bush for thirty six hours.

- The jeep was found lying in thick bush.

N-SING: usu the N, oft N n

3. bush
If you tell someone not to beat about the bush , you mean that you want them to tell you something immediately and quickly, rather than in a complicated, indirect way.

- Stop beating about the bush. What's he done?

PHR: V inflects, usu with brd-neg

bush

noun

1.

shrub

hedge

plant

shrubbery

thicket

the bush

2.

the wild

backwoods

brush

scrub

scrubland

woodland

bushed

[D.J.:bʊʃt]

[K.K.:bʊʃt]

adj.

被草丛笼罩的

不知所措的

<口>疲倦的

bushed

bushed
If you say that you are bushed , you mean that you are extremely tired. (INFORMAL)

- I'm bushed. I'm going to bed.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= beat

bushel

[D.J.:ˈbʊʃəl]

[K.K.:ˈbʊʃəl]

n.

蒲式耳(在美国相当于2150.42立方英寸,或35.42升)

一蒲式耳重量的东西

大量

measure others’ corn by one’s own bushel

拿自己作标准来衡量别人,以己度人

vt. & vi.

修补或翻新(衣服)

bushel *

bushel bushels
If you hide your light under a bushel , you keep your abilities or good qualities hidden from other people.
PHR: V inflects

Bushman

Bushman Bushmen
A Bushman is an aboriginal person from the southwestern part of Africa, especially the Kalahari desert region.
N-COUNT

bushy

[D.J.:ˈbʊʃi:]

[K.K.:ˈbʊʃi]

adj.

(毛发或毛皮)浓密的

(植物)茂密的;多叶的

bushy *

1. bushy bushier bushiest
Bushy hair or fur is very thick.

- ...bushy eyebrows.

- ...a bushy tail.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. bushy bushier bushiest
A bushy plant has a lot of leaves very close together.

- ...strong, sturdy, bushy plants.

ADJ-GRADED

bushy

adjective

thick

bristling

fluffy

fuzzy

luxuriant

rough

shaggy

unruly

busily

[D.J.:ˈbɪzɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbɪz l..ɪ]

adv.

忙碌地;起劲地

busily *

busily
If you do something busily , you do it in a very active way.

- The two saleswomen were busily trying to keep up with the demand.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

busily

adverb

actively

assiduously

briskly

diligently

energetically

industriously

purposefully

speedily

strenuously

business

[D.J.:ˈbiznis]

[K.K.:ˈbɪznɪs]

n.

交易, 生意

营业额, 交易量

工商企业, 商店; 行业, 事业

职责, 关心的事, 本分, 任务

事情; 事务, 业务

business *****

1. business
Business is work relating to the production, buying, and selling of goods or services.

- ...young people seeking a career in business...

- Jennifer has an impressive academic and business background.

- ...Harvard Business School.

N-UNCOUNT

2. business
Business is used when talking about how many products or services a company is able to sell. If business is good, a lot of products or services are being sold and if business is bad, few of them are being sold.

- They worried that German companies would lose business.

- Business is booming.

N-UNCOUNT

3. business businesses
A business is an organization which produces and sells goods or which provides a service.

- The company was a family business.

- The majority of small businesses go broke within the first twenty-four months.

- He was short of cash after the collapse of his business.

N-COUNT
= company firm

4. business
Business is work or some other activity that you do as part of your job and not for pleasure.

- I'm here on business.

- You can't mix business with pleasure.

- ...business trips.

N-UNCOUNT: oft on N

5. business
You can use business to refer to a particular area of work or activity in which the aim is to make a profit.

- May I ask you what business you're in?

- ...the music business.

N-SING: oft supp N

6. business
You can use business to refer to something that you are doing or concerning yourself with.

- ...recording Ben as he goes about his business...

- There was nothing left for the teams to do but get on with the business of racing.

N-SING: with supp

7. business
You can use business to refer to important matters that you have to deal with.

- The most important business was left to the last.

- I've got some unfinished business to attend to.

N-UNCOUNT

8. business
If you say that something is your business , you mean that it concerns you personally and that other people have no right to ask questions about it or disagree with it.

- My sex life is my business.

- If she doesn't want the police involved, that's her business.

- It's not our business.

N-UNCOUNT: with poss
= affair concern

9. business
You can use business to refer in a general way to an event, situation, or activity. For example, you can say something is `a wretched business' or you can refer to `this assassination business'.

- We have sorted out this wretched business at last.

- This whole business is very puzzling.

N-SING: supp N
= affair

10. business
You can use business when describing a task that is unpleasant in some way. For example, if you say that doing something is a costly business , you mean that it costs a lot. (INFORMAL)

- Coastal defence is a costly business.

- Parenting can be a stressful business.

N-SING: supp N
= affair

11. business
If two people or companies do business with each other, one sells goods or services to the other.

- I was fascinated by the different people who did business with me.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, PHR with n, pl-n PHR

12. business
If you say that someone has no business to be in a place or to do something, you mean that they have no right to be there or to do it.

- Really I had no business to be there at all.

PHR: V inflects, PHR to-inf, PHR -ing

13. business
A company that is in business is operating and trading.

- You can't stay in business without cash.

PHR: v-link PHR

14. business
If you say you are in business , you mean you have everything you need to start something immediately. (SPOKEN, INFORMAL)

- All you need is a microphone, and you're in business.

PHR: V inflects, v-link PHR

15. business
If you say that someone means business , you mean they are serious and determined about what they are doing. (INFORMAL)

- Now people are starting to realise that he means business.

PHR: V inflects

16. business
If you say to someone ` mind your own business ' or ` it's none of your business ', you are rudely telling them not to ask about something that does not concern them. (INFORMAL)

- I asked Laura what was wrong and she told me to mind my own business.

PHR

17. business
If you make it your business to do something, you decide to do it, because you are interested in it or because you want to find out something.

- She made it her business to find out.

PHR: V inflects, PHR to-inf

18. business
If you say that you are not in the business of doing something, you are emphasizing that you do not do it, usually when you are annoyed or surprised that someone thinks you do.

- We are not in the business of subsidising scroungers.

PHR: V inflects, PHR -ing/n emphasis

19. business
If a shop or company goes out of business or is put out of business , it has to stop trading because it is not making enough money.

- Thousands of firms could go out of business.

PHR: PHR after v

20. business
If you say that someone or something is the business , you mean that they are the best of their kind. (INFORMAL)

- When you watch him in training, you realise that this lad is the business.

PHR: v-link PHR approval

21. business
In a difficult situation, if you say it is business as usual , you mean that people will continue doing what they normally do.

- The Queen was determined to show it was business as usual.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

business

noun

1.

trade

bargaining

commerce

dealings

industry

manufacturing

selling

transaction

2.

establishment

company

concern

corporation

enterprise

firm

organization

venture

3.

profession

career

employment

function

job

line

occupation

trade

vocation

work

4.

concern

affair

assignment

duty

pigeon informal

problem

responsibility

task

business card

business card business cards
A person's business card or their card is a small card which they give to other people, and which has their name and details of their job and company printed on it.
N-COUNT: oft poss N

business class

1. business class
Business class seating on an aeroplane costs less than first class but more than economy class.

- You can pay to be upgraded to a business class seat.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. business class
Also an adverb.

- They flew business class.

ADV: ADV after v

3. business class
Business class is the business class seating on an aeroplane.

- The Australian team will be seated in business class.

N-UNCOUNT

business end

business end
The business end of a tool or weapon is the end of it which does the work or causes damage rather than the end that you hold. (INFORMAL)

- ...the business end of a vacuum cleaner.

N-SING: usu N of n

business hours

business hours
Business hours are the hours of the day in which a shop or a company is open for business.

- All showrooms are staffed during business hours.

N-PLURAL

businesslike

[D.J.:ˈbiznislaik]

[K.K.:ˈbɪznɪsˌlaɪk]

adj.

事务性的,公事公办的,有条理的,有效率的

businesslike *

businesslike
If you describe someone as businesslike , you mean that they deal with things in an efficient way without wasting time.

- Mr. Penn sounds quite businesslike.

- This activity was carried on in a businesslike manner.

ADJ-GRADED
= efficient

businesslike

adjective

efficient

methodical

orderly

organized

practical

professional

systematic

thorough

well-ordered

businessman

[D.J.:ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn]

[K.K.:ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn]

n.

商人;实业家,从事工商业的人

具有经营者所必需素质的人,生财有道者

businessmen

n.

生意人

businessman ***

businessman businessmen
A businessman is a man who works in business.
N-COUNT

businessman

noun

executive

capitalist

employer

entrepreneur

financier

industrialist

merchant

tradesman

tycoon

business person

business person business people
Business people are people who work in business.

- ...business people who serve or supply the security forces.

- ...a self-employed business person.

N-COUNT

business school

business school business schools
A business school is a school or college which teaches business subjects such as economics and management.

N-COUNT

businesswoman

[D.J.:ˈbɪznɪsˌwʊmən]

[K.K.:ˈbɪznɪsˌwʊmən]

n.

女商人;女实业家;(尤指)女经理

善于理财的女子

businesswoman *

businesswoman businesswomen
A businesswoman is a woman who works in business.
N-COUNT

busk

[D.J.:bʌsk]

[K.K.:bʌsk]

vt.

准备好

busk

1. busk busks busking busked
People who busk play music or sing for money in the streets or other public places. (BRIT)

- They spent their free time in Glasgow busking in Argyle Street.

VB

2. busking

- Passers-by in the area have been treated to some high-quality busking.

N-UNCOUNT

busker

[ˈbʌskə]

n.

〈英〉(尤指伦敦街头)卖艺人(歌手或奏乐者)

busker

busker buskers
A busker is a person who sings or plays music for money in streets and other public places. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

bus lane

bus lane bus lanes
A bus lane is a part of the road which is intended to be used only by buses.
N-COUNT

busload

[D.J.:ˈbʌsləud]

[K.K.:ˈbʌsˌlod]

n.

公共汽车运载量

busload

busload busloads
A busload of people is a large number of passengers on a bus.

- ...a busload of Japanese tourists.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

busman's holiday

busman's holiday
If you have a holiday, but spend it doing something similar to your usual work, you can refer to it as a busman's holiday .
N-SING

bus-shelter

bus-shelter bus-shelters
A bus-shelter is a bus stop that has a roof and at least one open side.
N-COUNT

bus stop *

bus stop bus stops
A bus stop is a place on a road where buses stop to let passengers on and off.
N-COUNT

bust

[D.J.:bʌst]

[K.K.:bʌst]

vt. & vi.

打破, 打碎

n.

半身雕塑像

妇女的胸部, 胸围

busted

[D.J.:ˈbʌstɪd]

[K.K.:ˈbʌstɪd]

破产了的,失败了的,被降级的

bust **

1. bust busts busting busted
If you bust something, you break it or damage it so badly that it cannot be used. (INFORMAL)

- They will have to bust the door to get him out.

VB The form bust is used as the present tense of the verb, and can also be used as the past tense and past participle

2. bust busts busting busted
If someone is busted , the police arrest them. (INFORMAL)

- They were busted for possession of cannabis.

VB: usu passive The form bust is used as the present tense of the verb, and can also be used as the past tense and past participle

3. bust busts busting busted
If police bust a place, they go to it in order to arrest people who are doing something illegal. (INFORMAL)

- ...police success in busting UK-based drug factories.

VB The form bust is used as the present tense of the verb, and can also be used as the past tense and past participle

4. bust busts
Also a noun.

- Six tons of cocaine were seized last week in Panama's biggest drug bust.

N-COUNT

5. bust
A bust company or fund has no money left and has been forced to close down. (INFORMAL)

- It is taxpayers who will pay most of the bill for bailing out bust banks.

ADJ

6. bust
If a company goes bust , it loses so much money that it is forced to close down. (INFORMAL)

- ...a Swiss company which went bust last May.

PHR: V inflects

7. bust busts
A bust is a statue of the head and shoulders of a person.

- ...a bronze bust of the Queen.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

8. bust busts
You can use bust to refer to a woman's breasts, especially when you are describing their size.

- Good posture also helps your bust look bigger.

N-COUNT

bust

noun

bosom

breast

chest

front

torso

bust

verb Informal

1.

break

burst

fracture

rupture

2.

arrest

catch

raid

search

adjective

go bust

3.

go bankrupt

become insolvent

be ruined

fail

-buster

1. -buster
-buster combines with nouns to form new nouns which refer to someone who breaks a particular law.

- The Security Council will consider taking future actions against sanction-busters.

- ...copyright-busters.

COMB in N-COUNT
= -breaker

2. -buster
-buster combines with nouns to form new nouns which refer to someone or something that fights or overcomes the specified crime or undesirable activity.

- Hoover was building his reputation as a crime-buster.

- ...fraud-busters.

COMB in N-COUNT

bustier

[D.J.:bu:sˈtjeɪ, bʌs-]

[K.K.:busˈtje, bʌs-]

n.

紧身女胸衣

bustier

bustier bustiers
A bustier is a type of close-fitting strapless top worn by women.
N-COUNT

bustle

[D.J.:ˈbʌsl]

[K.K.:ˈbʌsəl]

vi.

闹哄哄地忙乱, 奔忙

vt.

催促

n.

忙乱, 热闹

(女裙后部的)衬垫, 撑架

bustling

[ˈbʌsliŋ]

adj.

繁忙的; 熙熙攘攘的

bustle *

1. bustle bustles bustling bustled
If someone bustles somewhere, they move there in a hurried and determined way, often because they are very busy.

- My mother bustled around the kitchen.

- She bustled about, turning on lights, moving pillows around on the sofa.

VB

2. bustle bustles bustling bustled
A place that is bustling with people or activity is full of people who are very busy or lively.

- The sidewalks are bustling with people.

- The main attraction was the bustling market.

VB

3. bustle
Bustle is busy, noisy activity.

- ...the hustle and bustle of modern life...

- There was a good deal of cheerful bustle.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
≠ stillness

bustle

verb

1.

hurry

fuss

hasten

rush

scamper

scurry

scuttle

noun

2.

activity

ado

commotion

excitement

flurry

fuss

hurly-burly

stir

to-do

bustling

adjective

busy

active

buzzing

crowded

full

humming

lively

swarming

teeming

bust-up

n.

分离,分手

bust-up

1. bust-up bust-ups
A bust-up is a serious quarrel, often resulting in the end of a relationship. (INFORMAL)

- She had had this bust-up with her family.

N-COUNT
= row

2. bust-up bust-ups
A bust-up is a fight. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...a bust-up which she says left her seriously hurt.

N-COUNT

busty

[D.J.:ˈbʌsti]

[K.K.:ˈbʌsti]

adj.

(女子)胸部丰满的

busty

busty
If you describe a woman as busty , you mean that she has large breasts. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED

busier

adj.

比较忙碌

busiest

adj.

最忙的

busy

[D.J.:ˈbizi]

[K.K.:ˈbɪzi]

adj.

忙的, 专心的

繁忙的, 热闹的

(电话线)正在被占用

busy ***

1. busy busier busiest
When you are busy , you are working hard or concentrating on a task, so that you are not free to do anything else.

- What is it? I'm busy.

- They are busy preparing for a hectic day's activity on Saturday.

- Rachel said she would be too busy to come.

- Phil Martin is an exceptionally busy man.

ADJ-GRADED

2. busy busier busiest
A busy time is a period of time during which you have a lot of things to do.

- It'll have to wait. This is our busiest time.

- Even with her busy schedule she finds time to watch TV.

- I had a busy day and was rather tired.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= hectic ≠ quiet

3. busy busier busiest
If you say that someone is busy thinking or worrying about something, you mean that it is taking all their attention, often to such an extent that they are unable to think about anything else.

- Companies are so busy analysing the financial implications that they overlook the effect on workers.

- Most people are too busy with their own troubles to give much help.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ -ing
= preoccupied

4. busy busies busying busied
If you busy yourself with something, you occupy yourself by dealing with it.

- He busied himself with the camera.

- She busied herself getting towels ready.

- For a while Kathryn busied herself in the kitchen.

VB

5. busy busier busiest
A busy place is full of people who are doing things or moving about.

- The Strand is one of London's busiest and most affluent streets.

- The ward was busy and Amy hardly had time to talk.

ADJ-GRADED

6. busy
When a telephone line is busy , you cannot make your call because the line is already being used by someone else. (mainly AM)

- I tried to reach him, but the line was busy.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ
= engaged

busy

adjective

1.

occupied

active

employed

engaged

hard at work

industrious

on duty

rushed off one's feet

working

2.

lively

energetic

exacting

full

hectic

hustling

verb

3.

occupy

absorb

employ

engage

engross

immerse

interest

busybody

[D.J.:ˈbiziˌbɔdi]

[K.K.:ˈbɪziˌbɑdi]

n.

好管闲事的人

busybody

busybody busybodies
If you refer to someone as a busybody , you are criticizing the way they interfere in other people's affairs. (INFORMAL)

- Some busybody tipped off the police, and they arrested someone.

N-COUNT disapproval

busybody

noun

nosy parker informal

gossip

meddler

snooper

stirrer informal

troublemaker

but

[D.J.:bʌt, bət]

[K.K.:bʌt,bət]

conj.

但是, 然而

而是

除了, 除去

相当于that(用于否定结构后)

(用于加强语气)

(用于表示惊奇或其他强烈感受)

只因为, 可是只有

假如没有…, 要不是

prep.

除…以外

adv.

只, 仅仅

but *****

1. but
You use but to introduce something which contrasts with what you have just said, or to introduce something which adds to what you have just said.

- `You said you'd stay till tomorrow.' --- `I know, Bel, but I think I would rather go back.'.

- Place the saucepan over moderate heat until the cider is very hot but not boiling.

- He not only wants to be taken seriously as a musician, but as a poet too.

CONJ-COORD

2. but
You use but when you are about to add something further in a discussion or to change the subject.

- They need to change the image because they need to recruit more people into the prison service. But another point I'd like to make is that a large proportion of the prisons in this country were built in the nineteenth century.

CONJ-COORD

3. but
You use but after you have made an excuse or apologized for what you are just about to say.

- Please excuse me, but there is something I must say.

- I'm sorry, but it's nothing to do with you.

- Forgive my asking, but you're not very happy, are you?

CONJ-COORD

4. but
You use but to introduce a reply to someone when you want to indicate surprise, disbelief, refusal, or protest.

- `I don't think I should stay in this house.' --- `But why?'.

- `Somebody wants you on the telephone' --- `But no one knows I'm here!'

CONJ-COORD feelings

5. but
But is used to mean `except'.

- Europe will be represented in all but two of the seven races.

- He didn't speak anything but Greek.

- The crew of the ship gave them nothing but bread to eat.

PREP: n PREP n

6. but
But is used to mean `only'. (FORMAL)

- This is but one of the methods used to try and get through to the patients that alcohol, as far as they are concerned, should be a thing of the past.

- ...Napoleon and Marie Antoinette, to name but two who had stayed in the great state rooms.

ADV: ADV n, ADV num

7. but ; buts
You use buts in expressions like ` no buts ' and ` ifs and buts ' to refer to reasons someone gives for not doing something, especially when you do not think that they are good reasons.

- `B-b-b-b-but' I stuttered. --- `Never mind the buts,' she ranted.

- He committed a crime, no ifs or buts about it.

N-PLURAL

8. but
You use cannot but , could not but , and cannot help but when you want to emphasize that you believe something must be true and that there is no possibility of anything else being the case. (FORMAL)

- The pistol, no larger than the palm of my hand, was positioned where I couldn't help but see it.

- She could not but congratulate him.

PHR: PHR inf emphasis

9. but
You use but for to introduce the only factor that causes a particular thing not to happen or not to be completely true.

- ...the small square below, empty but for a delivery van and a clump of palm trees...

- But for you, they might have given us the slip.

PHR: PHR n/-ing
= except for

10. but
You use but then or but then again before a remark which slightly contradicts what you have just said.

- The house is probably unsaleable because the bathroom extension has been built to contravene building regulations. But then again the estate agent thinks that the surveyor is wrong.

PHR: PHR cl

11. but
You use but then before a remark which suggests that what you have just said should not be regarded as surprising.

- He was a fine young man, but then so had his father been.

- Sonia might not speak the English language well, but then who did?

PHR: PHR cl

but

conjunction

1.

however

further

moreover

nevertheless

on the contrary

on the other hand

still

yet

preposition

2.

except

bar

barring

excepting

excluding

notwithstanding

save

with the exception of

adverb

3.

only

just

merely

simply

singly

solely

butane

[D.J.:ˈbju:tein]

[K.K.:ˈbjuˌten]

n.

丁烷

butane

butane
Butane is a gas that is obtained from petroleum and is used as a fuel.
N-UNCOUNT

butch

[D.J.:butʃ]

[K.K.:bʊtʃ]

adj.

〈美〉(同性恋女子)男性化的

n.

〈美俚〉粗鲁的男人或男孩,充当男性角色的女同性恋者

butch *

1. butch
If you describe a woman as butch , you mean that she behaves or dresses in a masculine way. This use could cause offence. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED

2. butch
If you describe a man as butch , you mean that he behaves in an extremely masculine way. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED
= macho

butcher

[D.J.:ˈbutʃə]

[K.K.:ˈbʊtʃɚ]

n.

屠夫, 肉商, 肉贩

杀人狂, 刽子手

vt.

屠宰, 残杀

butcher *

1. butcher butchers
A butcher is a shopkeeper who cuts up and sells meat. Some butchers also kill animals for meat and make foods such as sausages and meat pies.
N-COUNT

2. butcher butchers
A butcher or a butcher's is a shop where meat is sold.
N-COUNT: oft the N

3. butcher butchers butchering butchered
To butcher an animal means to kill it and cut it up for meat.

- Pigs were butchered, hams were hung to dry from the ceiling.

VB

4. butcher butchers
You can refer to someone as a butcher when they have killed a lot of people in a very cruel way, and you want to express your horror and disgust.

- Klaus Barbie was known in France as the Butcher of Lyon.

N-COUNT disapproval

5. butcher butchers butchering butchered
You can say that someone has butchered people when they have killed a lot of people in a very cruel way, and you want to express your horror and disgust.

- Guards butchered 1,350 prisoners.

- Our people are being butchered in their homes.

VB disapproval
= slaughter

butcher

noun

1.

murderer

destroyer

killer

slaughterer

slayer

verb

2.

slaughter

carve

clean

cut

cut up

dress

joint

prepare

3.

kill

assassinate

cut down

destroy

exterminate

liquidate

massacre

put to the sword

slaughter

slay

butchery

[D.J.:ˈbutʃəri]

[K.K.:ˈbʊtʃəri]

n.

屠场,肉贩

butchery

1. butchery
You can refer to the cruel killing of a lot of people as butchery when you want to express your horror and disgust at this.

- In her view, war is simply a legalised form of butchery.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

2. butchery
Butchery is the work of cutting up meat and preparing it for sale.

- ...a carcass hung up for butchery.

N-UNCOUNT

butler

[D.J.:ˈbʌtlə]

[K.K.:ˈbʌtlə]

n.

男管家(通常负责管理酒窖)

butler *

butler butlers
A butler is the most important male servant in a wealthy house.
N-COUNT

butt

[D.J.:bʌt]

[K.K.:bʌt]

n.

笑柄

烟蒂, 烟头

工具柄; 枪托

vt. & vi.

用头撞或顶

butted

对接的

butting

[ˈbʌtiŋ]

n.

用头撞人(犯规动作)

butts

短硬黄麻根纤维

butt *

1. butt butts
Someone's butt is their bottom. (AM, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- Frieda grinned, pinching him on the butt.

N-COUNT

2. butt butts
The butt or the butt end of a weapon or tool is the thick end of its handle.

- Troops used tear gas and rifle butts to break up the protests.

- Your left hand should be wrapped fairly firmly around the butt end of the club.

N-COUNT: oft n N, N of n

3. butt butts
The butt of a cigarette or cigar is the small part of it that is left when someone has finished smoking it.

- He dropped his cigarette butt into the street below.

- He paused to stub out the butt of his cigar.

N-COUNT: oft n N, N of n
= stub

4. butt butts
A butt is a large barrel used for collecting or storing liquid.
N-COUNT: usu with supp

5. butt
If someone or something is the butt of jokes or criticism, people often make fun of them or criticize them.

- He is still the butt of cruel jokes about his humble origins.

N-SING: usu the N of n
= target

6. butt butts butting butted
If a person or animal butts you, they hit you with the top of their head.

- Lawrence kept on butting me but the referee did not warn him.

VB

butt

noun

1.

end

haft

handle

hilt

shaft

shank

stock

2.

stub

fag end informal

leftover

tip

butt

noun

target

Aunt Sally

dupe

laughing stock

victim

butt

noun

1.

knock

bump

poke

prod

push

ram

shove

thrust

verb

butt in

2.

interfere

chip in informal

cut in

interrupt

intrude

meddle

put one's oar in

stick one's nose in

butt

noun With or of the head or horns

cask

barrel

butt in *

butt in butts in; butting in; butted in
If you say that someone is butting in , you are criticizing the fact that they are joining in a conversation or activity without being asked to.

- Sorry, I don't mean to butt in.

- `I should think not,' Sarah butted in.

PHR-V disapproval
= interrupt

butt out *

butt out butts out; butting out; butted out
If someone tells you to butt out , they are telling you rudely to go away or not to interfere with what they are doing. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- She would have liked to tell him to butt out.

- The time has come for parents to butt out of the adolescent's daily life.

PHR-V

butter

[D.J.:ˈbʌtə]

[K.K.:ˈbʌtɚ]

n.

黄油

黄油状的食品

vt.

抹黄油于…上

buttering

[ˈbʌtəriŋ]

n.

〈口〉奉承,巴结

butter ***

1. butter butters
Butter is a soft yellow substance made from cream. You spread it on bread or use it in cooking.

- ...bread and butter...

- Pour the melted butter into a large mixing bowl.

N-MASS

2. butter butters buttering buttered
If you butter something such as bread or toast, you spread butter on it.

- She spread pieces of bread on the counter and began buttering them.

- ...buttered scones.

VB

3. butter
If you say that someone knows what side their bread is buttered on , you mean that they know what to do or who to please in order to stay in a good situation or to avoid a bad one.

- These chaps know what side their bread's buttered on.

PHR: Vs inflect

butter up ***

butter up butters up; buttering up; buttered up
If someone butters you up , they try to please you because they want you to help or support them. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The bank has to butter up both investors and intermediaries because it is in a fiercely competitive international market.

- I tried buttering her up. `I've always admired people with these sorts of talents.'

PHR-V

butter bean

butter bean butter beans
Butter beans are the yellowish flat round seeds of a kind of bean plant. They are eaten as a vegetable, and in Britain they are usually sold dried rather than fresh.
N-COUNT: usu pl

buttercup

[D.J.:ˈbʌtəˌkʌp]

[K.K.:ˈbʌtɚˌkʌp]

n.

毛茛，金凤花

buttercup

buttercup buttercups
A buttercup is a small plant with bright yellow flowers.
N-COUNT

butterfly

[D.J.:ˈbʌtəflai]

[K.K.:ˈbʌtɚˌflaɪ]

n.

蝴蝶

蝶式游泳

游手好闲的人, 轻浮的人

butterfly **

1. butterfly butterflies
A butterfly is an insect with large colourful wings and a thin body.
N-COUNT

2. butterfly
Butterfly is a swimming stroke which you do lying on your front, kicking your legs and bringing your arms over your head together.
N-UNCOUNT: also the N

3. butterfly
If you have butterflies in your stomach or have butterflies , you are very nervous or excited about something. (INFORMAL)

- An exam, or even an exciting social event may produce butterflies in the stomach.

PHR

buttermilk

[D.J.:ˈbʌtəˌmɪlk]

[K.K.:ˈbʌtɚˌmɪlk]

n.

脱脂乳,酪乳

buttermilk

buttermilk
Buttermilk is the liquid that remains when fat has been removed from cream when butter is being made. You can drink buttermilk or use it in cooking.
N-UNCOUNT

butterscotch

[D.J.:ˈbʌtəskɔtʃ]

[K.K.:ˈbʌtɚˌskɑtʃ]

n.

(咸味的)奶油糖果

butterscotch

1. butterscotch
Butterscotch is a hard yellowish-brown sweet made from butter and sugar boiled together.
N-UNCOUNT

2. butterscotch
A butterscotch flavoured or coloured thing has the flavour or colour of butterscotch.

- ...butterscotch sauce.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

buttery

[D.J.:ˈbʌtəri]

[K.K.:ˈbʌtəri]

n.

食品室,酒贮藏室

adj.

像黄油样的,奉承的

buttery

buttery
Buttery food contains butter or is covered with butter.

- ...buttery new potatoes.

- ...the buttery taste of the pastry.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

buttock

[D.J.:ˈbʌtək]

[K.K.:ˈbʌtək]

n.

臀部，屁股

buttocks

n.

臀部

buttock *

buttock buttocks
Your buttocks are the two rounded fleshy parts of your body that you sit on.
N-COUNT

button

[D.J.:ˈbʌtən]

[K.K.:ˈbʌtn]

n.

纽扣

按钮

没有价值的小东西

vt. & vi.

扣住, 系住

buttoned

用钮扣装饰的,扣紧的

buttoning

[ˈbʌtniŋ]

n.

圆钮定位法

button ***

1. button buttons
Buttons are small hard objects sewn on to shirts, coats, or other pieces of clothing. You fasten the clothing by pushing the buttons through holes called buttonholes.

- ...a coat with brass buttons.

N-COUNT

2. button buttons buttoning buttoned
If you button a shirt, coat, or other piece of clothing, you fasten it by pushing its buttons through the buttonholes.

- Ferguson stood up and buttoned his coat.

VB

3. button up buttons up; buttoning up; buttoned up
Button up means the same as button .

- I buttoned up my coat; it was chilly.

- The young man slipped on the shirt and buttoned it up.

- It was freezing out there even in his buttoned-up overcoat.

PHR-V

4. button buttons
A button is a small object on a machine or electrical device that you press in order to operate it.

- He reached for the remote control and pressed the `play' button.

N-COUNT

5. button buttons
A button is a small piece of metal or plastic which you wear in order to show that you support a particular movement, organization, or person. You fasten a button to your clothes with a pin. (AM; in BRIT use badge )
N-COUNT

6. button
If you say that someone presses the right button or pushes the right button , you mean that they get what they want from a particular situation or person by behaving in a clever way.

- Buchanan pushed all the right buttons, appealing to Maher's loyalty and to his guilt.

PHR: V and N inflect

buttoned up

buttoned up
If you say that someone is buttoned up , you mean that they do not usually talk about their thoughts and feelings. (INFORMAL)

- She plays Estella Campion, the rather buttoned-up wife of an English clergyman.

ADJ-GRADED also buttoned-up .
= reserved

button-down

[D.J.:ˈbʌtəndaun]

[K.K.:ˈbʌtnˌdaʊn]

adj.

〈美〉领尖钉有钮扣的,守旧的,温文尔雅的

button-down

button-down
A button-down shirt or a shirt with a button-down collar has a button under each end of the collar which you can fasten.
ADJ: ADJ n

buttonhole

[D.J.:ˈbʌtnhəul]

[K.K.:ˈbʌtnˌhol]

n.

钮扣孔

buttonhole

1. buttonhole buttonholes
A buttonhole is a hole that you push a button through in order to fasten a shirt, coat, or other piece of clothing.
N-COUNT

2. buttonhole buttonholes
A buttonhole is a flower that you wear on your coat or dress. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

3. buttonhole buttonholes buttonholing buttonholed
If you buttonhole someone, you stop them and make them listen to you.

- Several people buttonholed television reporters to explain to them their reasons for not voting.

VB
= corner

buttonhole

verb

detain

accost

bore

catch

grab

importune

take aside

waylay

button mushroom

button mushroom button mushrooms
Button mushrooms are small mushrooms used in cooking.
N-COUNT: usu pl

buttress

[D.J.:ˈbʌtrɪs]

[K.K.:ˈbʌtrɪs]

n.

扶壁,扶垛

vt.

用扶壁支撑,加固

buttress *

1. buttress buttresses
Buttresses are supports, usually made of stone or brick, that support a wall.
N-COUNT

2. buttress buttresses buttressing buttressed
To buttress an argument, system, or person means to give them support and strength. (WRITTEN)

- He sought to buttress some of his arguments with quotations from Mein Kampf.

- The president's tough line is, however, buttressed by a democratic mandate.

VB

buttress

noun

1.

support

brace

mainstay

prop

reinforcement

stanchion

strut

verb

2.

support

back up

bolster

prop up

reinforce

shore up

strengthen

sustain

uphold

butty

[ˈbʌti]

n.

伙伴,监工

butty

butty butties
A butty is a sandwich. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= sarnie

buxom

[D.J.:ˈbʌksəm]

[K.K.:ˈbʌksəm]

adj.

(妇女)丰满红润的,高大而漂亮的

buxom

buxom
If you describe a woman as buxom , you mean that she looks healthy and attractive and has a rounded body and big breasts.

- Melissa was a tall, buxom blonde.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

buxom

adjective

plump

ample

bosomy

busty

curvaceous

healthy

voluptuous

well-rounded

buy off *****

buy off buys off; buying off; bought off
If you say that a person or organization buys off another person or group, you are criticizing the fact that they are giving them something such as money so that they will not complain or cause trouble.

- ...policies designed to buy off the working-class vote...

- Be careful that in buying your children all these things, you are not in a sense buying them off.

PHR-V disapproval

buy out *****

1. buy out buys out; buying out; bought out
If you buy someone out , you buy their share of something such as a company or piece of property that you previously owned together.

- The bank had to pay to buy out most of the 200 former partners.

- He bought his brother out for $17 million.

PHR-V
See also buyout .

2. buy out buys out; buying out; bought out
If you buy someone out of the armed forces or another organization, you pay a sum of money so that they can leave before the end of the period they agreed to stay for.

- Carling eventually bought himself out of the army.

PHR-V

buy up *****

buy up buys up; buying up; bought up
If you buy up land, property, or a commodity, you buy large amounts of it, or all that is available.

- The mention of price rises sent citizens out to their shops to buy up as much as they could.

- The tickets will be on sale from somewhere else because the agencies have bought them up.

PHR-V

buyer

[D.J.:ˈbaɪə]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪɚ]

n.

买主;买方

采购员

a buyer’s market

买方市场(指供过于求的状况)

buyer ***

1. buyer buyers
A buyer is a person who is buying something or who intends to buy it.

- Car buyers are more interested in safety and reliability than speed.

N-COUNT
≠ seller

2. buyer buyers
A buyer is a person who works for a large store deciding what goods will be bought from manufacturers to be sold in the store.

- I was a buyer for the women's clothing department.

N-COUNT

buyer's market

buyer's market buyer's markets
When there is a buyer's market for a particular product, there are more of the products for sale than there are people who want to buy them, so buyers have a lot of choice and can make prices come down.
N-COUNT: usu sing

buyout

[D.J.:ˈbaiˌaut]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪˌaʊt]

n.

全部买下, 收购全部或大部分股份(权)

buyout *

buyout buyouts
A buyout is the buying of a company, especially by its managers or employees.

- It is thought that a management buyout is one option.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

buzz

[D.J.:bʌz]

[K.K.:bʌz]

vt. & vi.

发出嗡嗡声

(发出)充满兴奋的谈话声[闲话, 谣言]

忙乱, 急行

n.

嗡嗡声, 乱哄哄的说话声

buzzing

[ˈbʌziŋ]

adj.

嗡嗡响的

buzz **

1. buzz buzzes buzzing buzzed
If something buzzes or buzzes somewhere, it makes a long continuous sound, like the noise a bee makes when it is flying.

- The intercom buzzed and he pressed down the appropriate switch.

- Attack helicopters buzzed across the city.

VB

2. buzz
Also a noun.

- ...the irritating buzz of an insect.

N-COUNT; SOUND

3. buzzing

- He switched off the transformer and the buzzing stopped.

N-UNCOUNT

4. buzz buzzes buzzing buzzed
If people are buzzing around, they are moving around quickly and busily. (WRITTEN)

- A few tourists were buzzing about.

- She was intimidated by the number of businessmen buzzing around the saleroom.

VB
= race

5. buzz buzzes buzzing buzzed
If questions or ideas are buzzing around your head, or if your head is buzzing with questions or ideas, you are thinking about a lot of things, often in a confused way.

- Many more questions were buzzing around in my head.

- Top style consultants will leave you buzzing with new ideas.

VB

6. buzz buzzes buzzing buzzed
If a place is buzzing with activity or conversation, there is a lot of activity or conversation there, especially because something important or exciting is about to happen.

- The rehearsal studio is buzzing with lunchtime activity.

- The capital is buzzing with rumours of possible demonstrations.

- ...Hong Kong's buzzing, pulsating atmosphere.

VB: usu cont

7. buzz
You can use buzz to refer to a long continuous sound, usually caused by lots of people talking at once.

- A buzz of excitement filled the courtroom as the defendant was led in.

- ...the excited buzz of conversation.

N-SING: usu N of n

8. buzz
If something gives you a buzz , it makes you feel very happy or excited for a short time. (INFORMAL)

- Performing still gives him a buzz.

- He got a buzz from creating confrontations.

N-SING

9. buzz
You can use buzz to refer to a word, idea, or activity which has recently become extremely popular.

- ...the latest buzz phrase in garden design circles...

- Sex education in schools was the buzz topic.

ADJ: ADJ n
= trendy

10. buzz buzzes buzzing buzzed
If you buzz someone, you call them, usually using an internal telephone line or a buzzer. (INFORMAL)

- Later that morning Julie buzzed me.

VB

11. buzz
Also a noun.

- We'll give him a buzz when we get to Maybury Street.

N-SING: a N

12. buzz buzzes buzzing buzzed
If an aircraft buzzes a place, it flies low over it, usually in a threatening way.

- American fighter planes buzzed the city.

VB

buzz off **

buzz off buzzes off; buzzing off; buzzed off
If someone buzzes off , they go away. People sometimes say buzz off as a rude way of telling someone to go away. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He buzzed off downstairs.

- Now be quiet and buzz off.

PHR-V
= clear off

buzzard

[D.J.:ˈbʌzəd]

[K.K.:ˈbʌzəd]

n.

秃鹰

buzzard

1. buzzard buzzards
A buzzard is a large bird of prey.
N-COUNT

2. buzzard buzzards
If you refer to someone as a buzzard , you think they are unpleasant or very mean. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

buzzer

[D.J.:ˈbʌzə]

[K.K.:ˈbʌzɚ]

n.

发嗡嗡声的东西或人

蜂音器(的声音)

<口>门铃

汽笛;警报器

buzzer *

buzzer buzzers
A buzzer is an electrical device that is used to make a buzzing sound for example, to attract someone's attention.

- She rang a buzzer at the information desk.

N-COUNT

buzzsaw

圆锯

buzzsaw

buzzsaw buzzsaws
A buzzsaw is an electric saw consisting of a round metal disk with a sharp serrated edge. It is powered by an electric motor and is used for cutting wood and other materials. (AM; in BRIT use circular saw )
N-COUNT

buzzword

[D.J.:ˈbʌzˌwɜ:d]

[K.K.:ˈbʌzˌwə..d]

n.

(报刊等的)时髦术语,流行行话

buzzword

buzzword buzzwords
A buzzword is a word or expression that has become fashionable in a particular field and is being used a lot by the media.

- Biodiversity was the buzzword of the Rio Earth Summit.

N-COUNT also buzz word .

by

[D.J.:bai]

[K.K.:baɪ]

prep.

(表示位置)在…近旁; 在身边

(表示时间)不迟于; 在…时候

(表示方向)从…中经过

(表示方式)搭乘, 通过; 抓住…; 靠, 采取; 就…而论; 以…称呼方式; 以…的名义; 凭着

(表示原因)随…而来

(表示方位)偏于

(表示环境)借着…光亮

(表示关涉)经过

(表示程度)以…之差

adv.

在近旁

经过, 走过

保留

by *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, by is used in phrasal verbs such as `abide by', `put by', and `stand by'.)

1. by
If something is done by a person or thing, that person or thing does it.

- The feast was served by his mother and sisters.

- I was amazed by their discourtesy and lack of professionalism.

- The town has been under attack by rebel groups for a week now.

PREP

2. by
If you say that something such as a book, a piece of music, or a painting is by a particular person, you mean that this person wrote it or created it.

- A painting by Van Gogh has been sold in New York for more than eighty two million dollars.

- `Jacob's Ladder', the newest film by Adrian Lyne, is a post-Vietnam horror story.

PREP

3. by
If you do something by a particular means, you do it using that thing.

- If you're travelling by car, ask whether there are parking facilities nearby.

- ...dinners by candlelight.

PREP

4. by
If you achieve one thing by doing another thing, your action enables you to achieve the first thing.

- Make the sauce by boiling the cream and stock together in a pan.

- The all-female yacht crew made history by becoming the first to sail round the world.

- By using the air ambulance to transport patients between hospitals, he estimates that they can save up to £15,000 per patient.

PREP: PREP -ing

5. by
You use by in phrases such as `by chance' or `by accident' to indicate whether or not an event was planned.

- I met him by chance out walking yesterday.

- He opened Ingrid's letter by mistake.

- Whether by design or accident his timing was perfect.

PREP

6. by
If someone is a particular type of person by nature, by profession, or by birth, they are that type of person because of their nature, their profession, or the family they were born into.

- I am certainly lucky to have a kind wife who is loving by nature.

- She's a nurse by profession and now runs a counselling service for women.

- Her parents were in fact American by birth.

PREP: adj/n PREP n

7. by
If something must be done by law, it happens according to the law. If something is the case by particular standards, it is the case according to the standards.

- Pharmacists are required by law to give the medicine prescribed by the doctor.

- ...evening wear that was discreet by his standards.

PREP

8. by
If you say what someone means by a particular word or expression, you are saying what they intend the word or expression to refer to.

- Stella knew what he meant by `start again'.

- `You're unbelievably lucky' --- `What do you mean by that?'

PREP

9. by
If you hold someone or something by a particular part of them, you hold that part.

- He caught her by the shoulder and turned her around.

- She was led by the arm to a small room at the far end of the corridor.

- He picked up the photocopy by one corner, wiped it clean, and put it in his wallet.

PREP

10. by
Someone or something that is by something else is beside it and close to it.

- Judith was sitting in a rocking-chair by the window.

- Felicity Maxwell stood by the bar and ordered a glass of wine.

- Emma was by the door.

PREP

11. by
Also an adverb.

- Large numbers of security police stood by.

ADV: ADV after v

12. by
If a person or vehicle goes by you, they move past you without stopping.

- A few cars passed close by me.

- He kept walking and passed by me on his side of the street.

PREP: v PREP n

13. by
Also an adverb.

- The bomb went off as a police patrol went by.

ADV: ADV after v

14. by
If you stop by a place, you visit it for a short time.

- We had made arrangements to stop by her house in Pacific Grove.

- Daddy called and asked me to drop by his office.

PREP

15. by
Also an adverb.

- I'll stop by after dinner and we'll have that talk.

ADV: ADV after v

16. by
If something happens by a particular time, it happens at or before that time.

- By eight o'clock he had arrived at my hotel.

- We all knew by then that the affair was practically over.

PREP

17. by
If you do something by day, you do it during the day. If you do it by night, you do it during the night.

- By day a woman could safely walk the streets, but at night the pavements became dangerous.

- She had no wish to hurry alone through the streets of London by night.

PREP

18. by
In arithmetic, you use by before the second number in a multiplication or division sum.

- ...an apparent annual rate of 22.8 per cent (1.9 multiplied by 12)...

- 230cm divided by 22cm is 10.45cm.

PREP: PREP num

19. by
You use by to talk about measurements of area. For example, if a room is twenty feet by fourteen feet, it measures twenty feet in one direction and fourteen feet in the other direction.

- Three prisoners were sharing one small cell 3 metres by 2*1/2 metres.

PREP: PREP num

20. by
If something increases or decreases by a particular amount, that amount is gained or lost.

- Violent crime has increased by 10 percent since last year.

- Their pay has been cut by one-third.

PREP: PREP amount

21. by
Things that are made or sold by the million or by the dozen are made or sold in those quantities.

- Parcels arrived by the dozen from America.

- Liberty fabrics, both for furnishing and for dress-making, are sold by the metre.

PREP: PREP the n

22. by
You use by in expressions such as `minute by minute' and `drop by drop' to talk about things that happen gradually, not all at once.

- His father began to lose his memory bit by bit, becoming increasingly forgetful.

PREP: n PREP n

23. by
If you are by yourself , you are alone.

- ...a dark-haired man sitting by himself in a corner.

PHR: PHR after v
= alone

24. by
If you do something by yourself , you succeed in doing it without anyone helping you.

- I didn't know if I could raise a child by myself.

PHR: PHR after v
= on one's own

by

preposition

1.

via

by way of

over

2.

through

through the agency of

3.

near

along

beside

close to

next to

past

adverb

4.

near

at hand

close

handy

in reach

5.

past

aside

away

to one side

bye

[D.J.:baɪ]

[K.K.:baɪ]

int.

再会,回头见

n.

次要的东西

(体育比赛中)轮空

adj.

次要的

bye ***

bye
Bye and bye-bye are informal ways of saying goodbye.
CONVENTION
= cheerio

by-election

[D.J.:ˈbaiilekʃ(ə)n]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪɪˌlɛkʃən]

n.

递补选举

by-election *

by-election by-elections
A by-election is an election that is held to choose a new member of parliament when a member has resigned or died. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

Byelorussian

白俄罗斯人(的)

Byelorussian ***

1. Byelorussian
Byelorussian means belonging or relating to Byelorussia or to its people or culture.
ADJ

2. Byelorussian Byelorussians
A Byelorussian is a Byelorussian citizen, or a person of Byelorussian origin.
N-COUNT

bygone

[D.J.:ˈbaɪˌgɔ:n, -ˌgɔn]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪˌɡɔn, -ˌɡɑn]

adj.

很久以前的;以往的

n.

过去的(不愉快的)事

bygone *

1. bygone
Bygone means happening or existing a very long time ago.

- The book recalls other memories of a bygone age.

- ...bygone generations.

ADJ: ADJ n
= past

2. bygone
If two people let bygones be bygones , they decide to forget about unpleasant things that have happened between them in the past.
PHR

bygone

adjective

past

antiquated

extinct

forgotten

former

lost

of old

olden

bylaw,bye-law

[D.J.:ˈbaɪˌlɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪˌlɔ]

n.

<英> 地方法规

<美>(俱乐部或公司的)规章制度

细则,附则

bylaw

[D.J.:ˈbailɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪˌlɔ]

n.

次要法规,(社、团制定的)规章制度

bylaw

1. bylaw bylaws
A bylaw is a law which is made by a local authority and which applies only in their area. (BRIT)

- The by-law makes it illegal to drink in certain areas.

N-COUNT also bye-law, by-law .

2. bylaw bylaws
A bylaw is a rule which controls the way an organization is run. (AM)

- Under the company's bylaws, he can continue as chairman until the age of 70.

N-COUNT also bye-law, by-law .

byline

[D.J.:ˈbaɪˌlaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪˌlaɪn]

n.

报刊文章撰稿人签名处;署名

铁路支线

副业

vt.

(发表文章时)署名

byline

byline bylines
A byline is a line at the top of an article in a newspaper or magazine giving the author's name. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT also by-line .

bypass

[D.J.:ˈbaipɑ:s]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪˌpæs]

vt.

绕过, 避开

不顾

n.

旁道

bypassing

旁路

bypass **

1. bypass bypasses bypassing bypassed
If you bypass someone or something that you would normally have to get involved with, you ignore them, often because you want to achieve something more quickly.

- A growing number of employers are trying to bypass the unions altogether.

- Regulators worry that controls could easily be bypassed.

VB
= sidestep

2. bypass bypasses
A bypass is a surgical operation performed on or near the heart, in which the flow of blood is redirected so that it does not flow through a part of the heart which is diseased or blocked.

- ...heart bypass surgery.

N-COUNT: oft N n

3. bypass bypasses bypassing bypassed
If a surgeon bypasses a diseased artery or other part of the body, he or she performs an operation so that blood or other bodily fluids do not flow through it.

- Small veins are removed from the leg and used to bypass the blocked up stretch of coronary arteries.

VB

4. bypass bypasses
A bypass is a main road which takes traffic around the edge of a town rather than through its centre.

- A new bypass around the city is being built.

- ...the Hereford bypass.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

5. bypass bypasses bypassing bypassed
If a road bypasses a place, it goes around it rather than through it.

- ...money for new roads to bypass cities.

VB

6. bypass bypasses bypassing bypassed
If you bypass a place when you are travelling, you avoid going through it.

- The rebel forces simply bypassed Zwedru on their way further south.

VB

bypass

verb

go round

avoid

circumvent

depart from

detour round

deviate from

get round

give a wide berth to

pass round

by-product

[D.J.:ˈbaiprɔdʌkt]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪˌprɑdəkt]

n.

副产品

意外结果; 副作用

by-product *

1. by-product by-products
A by-product is something which is produced during the manufacture or processing of another product.

- The raw material for the tyre is a by-product of petrol refining.

N-COUNT: oft N of n (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) byproduct
= spin-off

2. by-product by-products
Something that is a by-product of an event or situation happens as a result of it, although it is usually not expected or planned.

- A by-product of their meeting was the release of these fourteen men.

N-COUNT: oft N of n (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) byproduct
= side-effect

byre

[D.J.:baɪə]

[K.K.:baɪr]

n.

牛棚；牛栏

byre

byre byres
A byre is a cowshed . (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED or LITERARY)
N-COUNT

bystander

[D.J.:ˈbaɪˌstændə]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪˌstændɚ]

n.

旁观者,局外人,看热闹的人

bystander *

bystander bystanders
A bystander is a person who is present when something happens and who sees it but does not take part in it.

- It looks like an innocent bystander was killed instead of you.

N-COUNT

bystander

noun

onlooker

eyewitness

looker-on

observer

passer-by

spectator

viewer

watcher

witness

byte

[D.J.:bait]

[K.K.:baɪt]

n.

字节

byte

byte bytes
In computing, a byte is a unit of storage approximately equivalent to one printed character.

- ...two million bytes of data.

N-COUNT

byway

[D.J.:ˈbaɪˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪˌwe]

n.

旁道,间道,偏僻小路

(研究、学问等的)次要(或冷僻)的领域

byway

1. byway byways
A byway is a small road which is not used by many cars or people.

- ...the highways and byways of America.

- ...the narrow city byways.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. byway byways
The byways of a subject are the less important or less well known areas of it.

- The byways of children's literature mattered to them as much as the mainstream classics.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu N of n

byword

[D.J.:ˈbaiwə:d]

[K.K.:ˈbaɪˌwɚd]

n.

格言,谚语,笑柄

byword

1. byword bywords
Someone or something that is a byword for a particular quality is well known for having that quality.

- ...a region that had become a byword for violence and degeneracy.

- ...the Rolls-Royce brand name, a byword for quality.

N-COUNT: N for n

2. byword bywords
A byword is a word or phrase which people often use.

- Loyalty, support, and secrecy became the bywords of the day.

N-COUNT

byword

noun

saying

adage

maxim

motto

precept

proverb

slogan

C2

abbr.

Command & Control 指挥与控制

C

[si:]

n.

字母C

C2

abbr.

Command & Control 指挥与控制

c

abbr. n.

century 世纪

C, c

1. C, c C's, c's
C is the third letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

2. C, c C's, c's
In music, C is the first note in the scale of C major.
N-VAR

3. C, c C's, c's
If you get a C as a mark for a piece of work or in an exam, your work is average.
N-VAR

4. c.
c. is written in front of a date or number to indicate that it is approximate. c. is an abbreviation for `circa'.

- ...the museum's recreation of a New York dining-room (c. 1825-35).

5. C, c
C or c is used as an abbreviation for words beginning with c, such as `copyright' or `Celsius'.

- Heat the oven to 180°C.

c/o *

c
You write c/o before an address on an envelope when you are sending it to someone who is staying or working at that address, often for only a short time. c/o is an abbreviation for `care of'.

- ...Mr A D Bright, c/o Sherman Ltd, 62 Burton Road, Bristol 8.

cab

[D.J.:kæb]

[K.K.:kæb]

n.

出租车

(公共汽车、火车等的)司机室, 驾驶室

出租马车

cab **

1. cab cabs
A cab is a taxi.
N-COUNT

2. cab cabs
The cab of a truck or train is the front part in which the driver sits.

- A Luton van has additional load space over the driver's cab.

N-COUNT

cab

noun

taxi

hackney carriage

minicab

taxicab

cabal

[D.J.:kəˈbæl]

[K.K.:kəˈbæl]

n.

(政治)阴谋小集团,(尤指政治上的)阴谋

vi.

策划阴谋

cabal

cabal cabals
If you refer to a group of politicians or other people as a cabal , you are criticizing them because they meet and decide things secretly.

- He had been chosen by a cabal of fellow senators.

- ...a secret government cabal.

N-COUNT: usu with supp disapproval

cabal

noun

1.

clique

caucus

conclave

faction

league

party

set

2.

plot

conspiracy

intrigue

machination

scheme

cabaret

[D.J.:ˌkæbəˈreɪ]

[K.K.:ˌkæbəˈre]

n.

卡巴莱，有歌舞表演的夜总会

(餐馆、夜总会等处的)歌舞表演

cabaret *

1. cabaret
Cabaret is live entertainment consisting of dancing, singing, or comedy acts that are performed in the evening in restaurants or nightclubs.

- Helen made a successful career in cabaret.

- He was just starting to become known on the cabaret circuit.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. cabaret cabarets
A cabaret is a show that is performed in a restaurant or nightclub, and that consists of dancing, singing, or comedy acts.

- Peter and I also did a cabaret at the Corn Exchange.

N-COUNT

3. cabaret cabarets
A cabaret is a restaurant or nightclub where live entertainment such as dancing, singing, or comedy is performed.

- He followed her to Paris, where he began singing in bars and cabarets.

N-COUNT

cabbage

[D.J.:ˈkæbidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈkæbɪdʒ]

n.

洋白菜, 卷心菜

cabbage **

1. cabbage cabbages
A cabbage is a round vegetable with white, green or purple leaves that is usually eaten cooked.
N-VAR

2. cabbage cabbages
If someone refers to a very sick or disabled person as a cabbage , they are saying in an offensive way that the sick person is so badly brain-damaged or ill that they cannot do anything. (INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT: usu sing
= vegetable

cabbie

[ˈkæbi]

n.

〈口〉出租马车车夫；出租汽车司机

cabbies

n.

计程车司机,出租马车的车夫

cabbie *

cabbie cabbies
A cabbie is a person who drives a taxi. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also cabby .
= cab driver

caber

[D.J.:ˈkeibə]

[K.K.:ˈkebɚ]

n.

长树干, 长木桩

caber

caber cabers
A caber is a long, heavy, wooden pole. It is thrown into the air as a test of strength in the traditional Scottish sport called `tossing the caber'.
N-COUNT

cabin

[D.J.:ˈkæbin]

[K.K.:ˈkæbɪn]

n.

〈美〉小木屋

(飞机上的)驾驶舱, 船舱

cabin **

1. cabin cabins
A cabin is a small room in a ship or boat.

- He showed her to a small cabin.

N-COUNT

2. cabin cabins
A cabin is one of the areas inside a plane.

- He sat quietly in the First Class cabin of the British Airways flight looking tired.

N-COUNT

3. cabin cabins
A cabin is a small wooden house, especially one in an area of forests or mountains.

- ...a log cabin.

N-COUNT

cabin

noun

1.

room

berth

compartment

quarters

2.

hut

chalet

cottage

lodge

shack

shanty

shed

cabin crew

cabin crew cabin crews
The cabin crew on an aircraft are the people whose job is to look after the passengers.

- He was assured by a senior member of the cabin crew that there definitely was not an emergency.

N-COUNT-COLL

cabin cruiser

cabin cruiser cabin cruisers
A cabin cruiser is a motor boat which has a cabin for people to live or sleep in.
N-COUNT

cabinet

[D.J.:ˈkæbinit]

[K.K.:ˈkæbənɪt]

n.

橱, 陈列柜

内阁, 内阁会议

cabinet ****

1. cabinet cabinets
A cabinet is a cupboard used for storing things such as medicine or alcoholic drinks or for displaying decorative things in.

- The star of my medicine cabinet is the humble aspirin.

- He looked at the display cabinet with its gleaming sets of glasses.

N-COUNT: usu n N
See also filing cabinet .

2. cabinet cabinets
The Cabinet is a group of the most senior ministers in a government, who meet regularly to discuss policies.

- The announcement came after a three-hour Cabinet meeting in Downing Street.

- ...a former Cabinet Minister.

N-COUNT: oft N n

cabinet

noun

cupboard

case

chiffonier

closet

commode

dresser

escritoire

locker

cabinet maker

cabinet maker cabinet makers
A cabinet maker is a person who makes high-quality wooden furniture.
N-COUNT (AM) usually and (BRIT) sometimes cabinetmaker

cable

[D.J.:ˈkeibl]

[K.K.:ˈkebəl]

n.

(船只、桥梁等上的)巨缆, 钢索

电缆

vt. & vi.

给(某人)发电报, 打电报告诉(某人)

cabling

[ˈkeibliŋ]

n.

卷缆柱;卷绳状雕饰

cable ***

1. cable cables
A cable is a kind of very strong, thick rope, made of wires twisted together.

- The miners rode a conveyance attached to a cable made of braided steel wire.

- Steel cable will be used to replace worn ropes.

N-VAR

2. cable cables
A cable is a thick wire, or a group of wires inside a rubber or plastic covering, which is used to carry electricity or electronic signals.

- ...overhead power cables.

- ...strings of coloured lights with weatherproof cable.

N-VAR

3. cable
Cable is used to refer to television systems in which the signals are sent along underground wires rather than by radio waves.

- They ran commercials on cable systems across the country.

- The channel is only available on cable.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

4. cable cables
A cable is the same as a telegram .

- She sent a cable to her mother.

N-COUNT

5. cable cables cabling cabled
If you cable someone, you send them a message in the form of a telegram.

- `Don't do it again,' Franklin cabled her when he got her letter.

- She had to decide whether or not to cable the news to Louis.

- ...a new formula which is being cabled back to capitals for approval.

VB
= wire

6. cable cables cabling cabled
If a country, a city, or someone's home is cabled , cables and other equipment are put in place so that the people there can receive cable television.

- In France, 27 major cities are soon to be cabled.

- In the UK, 254,000 homes are cabled.

VB: usu passive

cabling

cabling
Cabling is used to refer to electrical or electronic cables, or to the process of putting them in a place.

- ...made-to-measure prefabricated offices equipped with computer cabling...

N-UNCOUNT
See also cable .

cable car

cable car cable cars
A cable car is a vehicle for taking people up mountains or steep hills. It is pulled by a moving cable.
N-COUNT

cable television *

cable television
Cable television is a television system in which signals are sent along wires rather than by radio waves.
N-UNCOUNT

cache

[D.J.:kæʃ]

[K.K.:kæʃ]

n.

藏物处；隐藏处

藏匿的珍宝

<电脑>快速缓冲贮存区

vt.

贮藏

vi.

躲藏

cache *

cache caches
A cache is a quantity of things such as weapons that have been hidden.

- A huge arms cache was discovered by police.

- ...a cache of weapons and explosives.

N-COUNT: with supp
= store

cachet

[D.J.:ˈkæʃeɪ]

n.

(显示优越的)标志,公章

威信；威望

特征;纪念邮戳

扁囊药剂；胶囊

cachet

cachet
If someone or something has a certain cachet , they have a quality which makes people admire them or approve of them. (WRITTEN)

- The social cachet of some form of qualification in India is powerful.

- A Mercedes carries a certain cachet.

N-SING: with supp approval

cack-handed

[D.J.:ˈkækˈhændɪd]

[K.K.:ˈkækˈhændɪd]

adj.

笨拙的 左撇子的

cack-handed

cack-handed
If you describe someone as cack-handed , you mean that they handle things in an awkward or clumsy way. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Liz may be good at her job, but she is cack-handed.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= clumsy

cackle

[D.J.:ˈkækəl]

[K.K.:ˈkækəl]

n.

(母鸡的)咯咯声，(鸭、鹅的)嘎嘎声

咯咯的笑声

刺耳的谈笑声

cut the cackle

停止闲谈开始做事；言归正传

vi.

发出咯咯声

vt.

饶舌,叽叽呱呱地讲

格格笑着表示

cackle

1. cackle cackles cackling cackled
If someone cackles , they laugh in a loud unpleasant way, often at something bad that happens to someone else.

- The old lady cackled, pleased to have produced so dramatic a reaction.

- Newington threw his head back and cackled with laughter.

VB

2. cackle cackles
Also a noun.

- He let out a brief cackle.

N-COUNT

cacophonous

[D.J.:kəˈkɔfənəs]

[K.K.:kəˈkɑfənəs]

adj.

发音不和谐的,粗腔横调的

cacophony

[D.J.:kəˈkɔfəni:]

[K.K.:kəˈkɑfəni]

n.

刺耳的声音,不和谐的声音

cacophonous

adj.

cacophonous

cacophonous
If you describe a mixture of sounds as cacophonous , you mean that they are loud and unpleasant.

- ...'60s-sounding guitars and cacophonous vocals.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ harmonious

cacophony

cacophony cacophonies
You can describe a loud, unpleasant mixture of sounds as a cacophony .

- All around was bubbling a cacophony of voices.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n

cacti

n.

仙人掌

cactus

[D.J.:ˈkæktəs]

[K.K.:ˈkæktəs]

n.

仙人掌, 仙人球

cactus *

cactus cactuses or cacti
A cactus is a thick fleshy plant that grows in many hot, dry parts of the world. Cacti have no leaves and many of them are covered in prickles.
N-COUNT

cad

[D.J.:kæd]

[K.K.:kæd]

abbr.

Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计

(尤指对女性)卑鄙的男人, 下流人, 无赖

cad

[D.J.:kæd]

[K.K.:kæd]

abbr.

Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计

(尤指对女性)卑鄙的男人, 下流人, 无赖

cad

[D.J.:kæd]

[K.K.:kæd]

abbr.

Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计

cad

cad cads
If you say that a man is a cad , you mean that he treats other people, especially women, badly or unfairly. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He's a scoundrel! A cad!

N-COUNT
≠ gentleman

cad

noun Old-fashioned, informal

scoundrel

bounder old-fashioned Brit. slang

heel slang

rat informal

rotter slang chiefly Brit.

cadaver

[D.J.:kəˈdævə]

[K.K.:kəˈdævɚ]

n.

尸体

cadaver

cadaver cadavers
A cadaver is a dead body. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= corpse

cadaverous

[D.J.:kəˈdævərəs]

[K.K.:kəˈdævərəs]

adj.

死人似的, 尸体般的

面色灰白的;枯槁的

cadaverous

cadaverous
If you describe someone as cadaverous , you mean they are extremely thin and pale. (WRITTEN)

- The tall, thin man had a long, cadaverous face.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

caddie

[D.J.:ˈkædi]

[K.K.:ˈkædi]

n.

受佣替人背高尔夫球棒的人, 球童

caddie *

1. caddie caddies
In golf, a caddie is a person who carries golf clubs and other equipment for a player.
N-COUNT also caddy .

2. caddie caddies caddying caddied
If you caddie for a golfer, you act as their caddie.

- Lil caddied for her son.

VB also caddy .

cadence

[D.J.:ˈkeidəns]

[K.K.:ˈkedns]

n.

(声音的)抑扬顿挫,节奏,韵律,调子

cadence

1. cadence cadences
The cadence of someone's voice is the way their voice gets higher and lower as they speak. (FORMAL)

- He recognized the Polish cadences in her voice.

- He is not attempting necessarily to reproduce the cadence of speech.

N-COUNT
= intonation lilt

2. cadence cadences
A cadence is the phrase that ends a section of music or a complete piece of music.
N-COUNT

cadenza

[D.J.:kəˈdenzə]

[K.K.:kəˈdɛnzə]

n.

装饰乐段,华彩乐段

cadenza

cadenza cadenzas
In classical music, a cadenza is a long and difficult solo passage in a piece for soloist and orchestra.
N-COUNT

cadet

[D.J.:kəˈdet]

[K.K.:kəˈdɛt]

n.

陆军或海军学校学员

候补军官,候补警官

(常作名词修饰语)培训生,见习生

(常作名词修饰语)次子;幼子;弟弟

cadet *

cadet cadets
A cadet is a young man or woman who is being trained in the armed services or the police.

- ...army cadets.

- ...the Cadet Corps.

N-COUNT

cadge

[D.J.:kædʒ]

[K.K.:kædʒ]

vt. & vi.

<英非正>乞讨;乞得;索取

cadge

cadge cadges cadging cadged
If someone cadges food, money, or help from you, they ask you for it and succeed in getting it. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Can I cadge a cigarette?.

- He could cadge a ride from somebody.

VB
= bum scrounge

cadmium

[D.J.:ˈkædmiəm]

[K.K.:ˈkædmiəm]

n.

镉

cadmium

cadmium
Cadmium is a soft bluish-white metal that is used in the production of nuclear energy.
N-UNCOUNT

cadre

[D.J.:ˈkædri:, ˈkɑ:dreɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkædri, ˈkɑdre]

n.

干部, 军官

骨架;核心;骨干

cadre *

1. cadre cadres
A cadre is a small group of people who have been specially chosen, trained, and organized for a particular purpose.

- ...an elite cadre of Euro-managers.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. cadre cadres
In some political parties, especially the Communist Party, a cadre is a party worker or official.
N-COUNT: usu with supp

Caesarean

[D.J.:sɪˈzeəri:ən]

[K.K.:sɪˈzɛriən]

adj.

恺撒的;(古罗马)皇帝的

剖腹产的

n.

独裁者

(亦作c-)剖腹产

Caesarean

Caesarean Caesareans
A Caesarean or a Caesarean section is an operation in which a baby is lifted out of a woman's womb through an opening cut in her abdomen.

- My youngest daughter was born by Caesarean.

N-COUNT: also by N

Caesar salad

Caesar salad Caesar salads
Caesar salad is a type of salad containing lettuce, eggs, cheese, and small pieces of fried bread, served with a dressing of oil, vinegar, and herbs.
N-VAR also caesar salad

caf´e **

1. caf´e caf´es
A caf´e is a place where you can buy drinks, simple meals, and snacks, but, in Britain, not usually alcoholic drinks.
N-COUNT also cafe .

2. caf´e caf´es
A street caf´e or a pavement caf´e is a caf´e which has tables and chairs on the pavement outside it where people can eat and drink.

- ...an Italian street caf´e.

- ...sidewalk caf´es and boutiques.

N-COUNT: n N also cafe .

caf´e

noun

snack bar

brasserie

cafeteria

coffee bar

coffee shop

lunchroom

restaurant

tearoom

caf´e bar

caf´e bar caf´e bars
A caf´e bar is a caf´e where you can also buy alcoholic drinks.
N-COUNT

cafeteria

[D.J.:ˌkæfiˈtiəriə]

[K.K.:ˌkæfɪˈtɪriə]

n.

(常设在商店、工厂、学校中的)自助餐厅或食堂

cafeteria *

cafeteria cafeterias
A cafeteria is a restaurant where you choose your food from a counter and take it to your table after paying for it. Cafeterias are usually found in public buildings such as hospitals, colleges, and stores.
N-COUNT
= canteen

cafetière

[ˌkæfəˈtjɛə]

n.

煮咖啡壶

cafetière

cafetière cafetières
A cafetière is a type of coffee pot that has a disk with small holes in it attached to the lid. You push the lid down to separate the liquid from the ground coffee when it is ready to drink.
N-COUNT

caff

[kæf]

n.

茶馆,小餐馆

caff

caff caffs
A caff is a caf´e which serves simple British food such as fried eggs, bacon, and sausages. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...a transport caff.

N-COUNT

caffeine

[D.J.:kæˈfi:n, ˈkæfˌi:n, ˈkæfi:ɪn]

[K.K.:kæˈfin, ˈkæfˌin, ˈkæfiɪn]

n.

<化>咖啡因

caffeine *

caffeine
Caffeine is a chemical substance found in coffee, tea, and cocoa, which affects your brain and body and makes you more active.
N-UNCOUNT

caftan

[D.J.:ˈkæftən]

[K.K.:ˈkæfˌtæn, -tən, kæfˈtæn]

n.

有腰带的长袖衣服

caftan

caftan caftans
A caftan is a long loose garment with long sleeves. Caftans are worn by men in Arab countries, and by women in America and Europe.
N-COUNT also kaftan .

cage

[D.J.:keidʒ]

[K.K.:kedʒ]

n.

笼子

vt.

把…关入牢中

cage **

1. cage cages
A cage is a structure of wire or metal bars in which birds or animals are kept.

- I hate to see birds in cages.

N-COUNT
See also rib cage .

2. cage
If someone rattles your cage , they do something which is intended to make you feel nervous.

- If he's trying to rattle your cage, it's working.

PHR: V and N inflect

cage

noun

enclosure

pen

pound

caged

[D.J.:keɪdʒd]

adj.

被关在笼中的

caged

caged
A caged bird or animal is inside a cage.

- Mark was still pacing like a caged animal.

ADJ

cagey

[D.J.:ˈkeɪdʒi:]

[K.K.:ˈkedʒi]

adj.

<口>小心的,不表态的

吞吞吐吐的

机灵的,精明的

狡猾的

cagily

adv.

cagily

adv.

谨慎小心地,精明地

cagey

1. cagey
If you say that someone is being cagey about something, you mean that you think they are deliberately not giving you much information or expressing an opinion about it.

- He is cagey about what he was paid for the business.

ADJ-GRADED
= guarded

2. cagily

- Smart reacted cagily when Chelsea were mentioned.

ADV-GRADED

cagey cagy

adjective Informal

wary

careful

cautious

chary

discreet

guarded

noncommittal

shrewd

wily

cahoots

与…共谋

cahoots

cahoots
If you say that one person is in cahoots with another, you do not trust the first person because you think that they are planning something secretly with the other.

- In his view they were all in cahoots with the police.

- I am not having you and him in cahoots against me.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft PHR with n disapproval

cairn

[D.J.:kɛən]

[K.K.:kɛrn]

n.

石冢,石堆纪念碑,堆石界标

cairn

cairn cairns
A cairn is a pile of stones which marks a boundary, a route across rough ground, or the top of a mountain. A cairn is sometimes also built in memory of someone.
N-COUNT

cajole

[D.J.:kəˈdʒəʊl]

[K.K.:kəˈdʒol]

vt.

(用甜言蜜语、虚假诺言等)劝诱,哄骗

cajolery

n.

cajolery

[kəˈdʒəuləri]

n.

甜言蜜语,诱骗,谄媚

cajole *

cajole cajoles cajoling cajoled
If you cajole someone into doing something, you get them to do it after persuading them for some time.

- It was he who had cajoled Garland into doing the film.

- He cajoled Mr Dobson to stand for mayor.

VB

cajole

verb

persuade

coax

flatter

seduce

sweet-talk informal

wheedle

Cajun

[D.J.:ˈkeidʒən]

[K.K.:ˈkedʒən]

n.

移居美国路易斯安纳州的法人后裔

Cajun

1. Cajun
Cajun means belonging or relating to a group of people who live mainly in Louisiana in the United States, and are descended from French people. Cajun is also used to refer to the language and culture of these people.

- They played some Cajun music.

- ...a teacher from the Cajun area of Southern Louisiana...

- Cajun food.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Cajun Cajuns
A Cajun is a person of Cajun origin.
N-COUNT

3. Cajun
Cajun is a dialect of French spoken by Cajun people.

- ...the first book ever written in Cajun.

N-UNCOUNT

cake

[D.J.:keik]

[K.K.:kek]

n.

蛋糕, 糕饼

饼状食物; 块状物

vt. & vi.

(使)结块; (使)胶凝

caked

[D.J.:keɪkt]

adj.

沾满(厚厚的)…的

caking

[ˈkeikiŋ]

n.

结团;结块;结炭;粘结

cake ***

1. cake cakes
A cake is a sweet food made by baking a mixture of flour, eggs, sugar, and fat in an oven. Cakes may be large and cut into slices or small and intended for one person only.

- ...a piece of cake...

- Would you like some chocolate cake?

- ...little cakes with white icing.

N-VAR

2. cake cakes
Food that is formed into flat round shapes before it is cooked can be referred to as cakes .

- ...fish cakes.

- ...home-made potato cakes.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

3. cake cakes
A cake of soap is a small block of it.

- ...a small cake of lime-scented soap.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

4. cake cakes caking caked
If something such as blood or mud cakes , it changes from a thick liquid to a dry layer or lump.

- The blood had begun to cake and turn brown.

VB

5. cake
If you think that someone wants the benefits of doing two things when it is only reasonable to expect the benefits of doing one, you can say that they want to have their cake and eat it .

- What he wants is a switch to a market economy in a way which does not reduce people's standard of living. To many this sounds like wanting to have his cake and eat it.

PHR: Vs inflect disapproval

6. cake
If things are selling like hot cakes , a lot of people are buying them. (INFORMAL)

- Books on the Royal Family are selling like hot cakes.

PHR: V inflects, usu cont

7. cake
If you think something is very easy to do, you can say it is a piece of cake . People often say this to stop someone feeling worried about doing something they have to do. (INFORMAL)

- Getting rid of him will be a piece of cake.

- Just another surveillance job, old chap. Piece of cake to somebody like you.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

8. cake
If someone has done something very stupid, rude, or selfish, you can say that they take the cake or that what they have done takes the cake , to emphasize your surprise at their behaviour. (AM; in BRIT use take the biscuit )
PHR: V inflects emphasis
= take the biscuit

caked

1. caked
If something is caked with mud, blood, or dirt, it is covered with a thick dry layer of it.

- Her shoes were caked with mud.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ with/in n
= encrusted

2. caked
Also a combining form.

- ...blood-caked bandages.

- ...herds of mud-caked cattle and sheep.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n
= encrusted

cake

noun

1.

block

bar

cube

loaf

lump

mass

slab

verb

2.

encrust

bake

coagulate

congeal

solidify

cake mix

cake mix cake mixes
Cake mix is a powder that you mix with eggs and water or milk to make a cake. You bake the mixture in the oven.
N-VAR

cake pan

cake pan cake pans
A cake pan is a metal container that you bake a cake in. (AM; in BRIT usually use cake tin )
N-COUNT

cake tin

cake tin cake tins
A cake tin is a metal container that you bake a cake in. (BRIT; in AM usually use cake pan )
N-COUNT

cal

[D.J.:kæl]

abbr.

small calorie 卡, 小卡

cal

[kæl]

abbr.

small calorie 卡,小卡

cal

cal cals
Cals are units of measurement for the energy value of food. Cal is an abbreviation for `calorie'.

- ...325 cals per serving.

N-COUNT: usu pl, num N

calamine

[D.J.:ˈkæləmain]

[K.K.:ˈkæləˌmaɪn, -mɪn]

n.

菱锌矿,炉甘石(可入药)

calamine

calamine
Calamine is a liquid that you can put on your skin when it is sore or itchy.

- ...calamine lotion.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

calamitous

[D.J.:kəˈlæmɪtəs]

[K.K.:kəˈlæmɪtəs]

adj.

灾难的;悲惨的

calamitous

calamitous
If you describe an event or situation as calamitous , you mean it is very unfortunate or serious. (FORMAL)

- ...the calamitous state of the country.

- ...a calamitous air crash.

ADJ-GRADED
= disastrous

calamitous

adjective

disastrous

cataclysmic

catastrophic

deadly

devastating

dire

fatal

ruinous

tragic

calamity

[D.J.:kəˈlæmiti]

[K.K.:kəˈlæmɪti]

n.

灾祸, 灾难

calamity *

calamity calamities
A calamity is an event that causes a great deal of damage, destruction, or personal distress. (FORMAL)

- He described drugs as the greatest calamity of the age.

- ...the calamity of war...

- It could only end in calamity.

N-VAR
= disaster

calamity

noun

disaster

cataclysm

catastrophe

misadventure

misfortune

mishap

ruin

tragedy

tribulation

calcified

calcified
Body tissue that is calcified has become hard because of the presence of substances called calcium salts.

- ...calcified tissue.

ADJ

calcium

[D.J.:ˈkælsiəm]

[K.K.:ˈkælsiəm]

n.

〈化〉钙

calcium **

calcium
Calcium is a soft white element which is found in bones and teeth, and also in limestone, chalk, and marble.
N-UNCOUNT

calculable

[D.J.:ˈkælkjuləbl]

[K.K.:ˈkælkjələbəl]

adj.

可计算的,能预测的

calculable

calculable
Calculable amounts or consequences can be calculated.
ADJ

calculate

[D.J.:ˈkælkjuleit]

[K.K.:ˈkælkjəˌlet]

vt. & vi.

计算, 估计

打算, 旨在

calculated

[D.J.:ˈkælkjuleitid]

[K.K.:ˈkælkjəˌletɪd]

adj.

计算出的,有计划的,适当的,适合的

calculating

[D.J.:ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkælkjəˌletɪŋ]

adj.

<贬>精明的;有心计的；精于算计的

calculate **

1. calculate calculates calculating calculated
If you calculate a number or amount, you discover it from information that you already have, by using arithmetic, mathematics, or a special machine.

- From this you can calculate the total mass in the Galaxy.

- We calculate that the average size farm in Lancaster County is 65 acres.

- A computer calculates by switching currents on or off.

VB
= work out

2. calculate calculates calculating calculated
If you calculate the effects of something, especially a possible course of action, you think about them in order to form an opinion or decide what to do.

- I believe I am capable of calculating the political consequences accurately.

- The President is calculating that this will somehow relieve the international pressure on him.

VB

calculated **

1. calculated
If something is calculated to have a particular effect, it is specially done or arranged in order to have that effect.

- Their movements through the region were calculated to terrify landowners into abandoning their holdings.

- These tracks were calculated to be controversial and attract attention to the album.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to-inf
= designed

2. calculated
If you say that something is not calculated to have a particular effect, you mean that it is unlikely to have that effect.

- German names were not calculated to attract patrons to America's movie theaters in 1941.

- Such a statement was hardly calculated to deter future immigrants.

ADJ-GRADED: with brd-neg, v-link ADJ to-inf
= likely

3. calculated
You can describe a clever or dishonest action as calculated when it is very carefully planned or arranged.

- Irene's use of the mop had been a calculated attempt to cover up her crime.

- ...a calculated and coherent strategy for winning power.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. calculated
If you take a calculated risk, you do something which you think might be successful, although you have fully considered the possible bad consequences of your action.

- The President took a calculated political risk in throwing his full support behind the rebels.

ADJ: ADJ n

calculating *

calculating
If you describe someone as calculating , you disapprove of the fact that they deliberately plan to get what they want, often by hurting or harming other people.

- Northbridge is a cool, calculating and clever criminal who could strike again.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= scheming

calculate

verb

1.

work out

compute

count

determine

enumerate

estimate

figure

reckon

2.

plan

aim

design

intend

calculated

adjective

deliberate

considered

intended

intentional

planned

premeditated

purposeful

calculating

adjective

scheming

crafty

cunning

devious

Machiavellian

manipulative

sharp

shrewd

sly

calculation

[D.J.:ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkælkjəˈleʃən]

n.

计算,计算(的结果)

推断;预测,估计

盘算,深思熟虑,慎重的计划

自私的打算；算计

calculation **

1. calculation calculations
A calculation is something that you think about and work out mathematically. Calculation is the process of working something out mathematically.

- Leonard made a rapid calculation: he'd never make it in time.

- ...the calculation of their assets.

N-VAR: oft N of n

2. calculation calculations
A calculation is something that you think about and arrive at a conclusion on after having considered all the relevant factors.

- The President has two years of power left and he is deep in his calculations.

N-VAR

3. calculation
If you describe someone's behaviour as calculation , you are criticizing them because they seem to think only of themselves and not of other people.

- ...cold, unspeakably cruel calculation.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

calculation

noun

1.

working out

answer

computation

estimate

forecast

judgment

reckoning

result

2.

planning

contrivance

deliberation

discretion

foresight

forethought

precaution

calculator

[D.J.:ˈkælkjuleitə]

[K.K.:ˈkælkjəˌletɚ]

n.

计算器

calculator *

calculator calculators
A calculator is a small electronic device that you use for making mathematical calculations.

- ...a pocket calculator.

N-COUNT

calculus

[D.J.:ˈkælkjələs]

[K.K.:ˈkælkjələs]

n.

微积分(学)

结石, 积石

calculus

calculus
Calculus is a branch of advanced mathematics which deals with variable quantities.
N-UNCOUNT

calendar

[D.J.:ˈkælində]

[K.K.:ˈkæləndɚ]

n.

日历, 月历

日程表

calendar **

1. calendar calendars
A calendar is a chart or device which displays the date and the day of the week, and often the whole of a particular year divided up into months, weeks, and days.

- There was a calendar on the wall above, with large squares around the dates.

N-COUNT

2. calendar calendars
A calendar is a particular system for dividing time into periods such as years, months, and weeks, often starting from a particular point in history.

- The Christian calendar was originally based on the Julian calendar of the Romans.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

3. calendar calendars
You can use calendar to refer to a series or list of events and activities which take place on particular dates, and which are important for a particular organization, community, or person.

- It is one of the British sporting calendar's most prestigious events.

- Franklin joined her and the children whenever his crowded calendar allowed.

- They tried to make a calendar of Spain's festivals.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with poss
= diary

calendar month

1. calendar month calendar months
A calendar month is one of the twelve months of the year.

- Winners will be selected at the end of each calendar month.

N-COUNT

2. calendar month calendar months
A calendar month is the period from a particular date in one month to the same date in the next month, for example from April 4th to May 4th.
N-COUNT

calendar year

calendar year calendar years
A calendar year is a period of twelve months from January 1 to December 31. Calendar year is often used in business to compare with the financial year .
N-COUNT

calf

[D.J.:kæf]

[K.K.:kæf, kɑf]

n.

腿肚子

牛犊, (海豹、鲸等大哺乳动物的)幼崽

calve

[D.J.:kæv, kɑ:v]

[K.K.:kæv, kɑv]

vi.

生小牛

(冰川)崩解

vt.

生(小牛等);产(犊)

使(冰川)崩解

calved

[kɑ:vd]

adj.

有腓部的,有小腿肚的

calves

[D.J.:kɑ:vz;kævz]

[K.K.:kævz, kɑvz]

n.

(calf的复数)〈俚〉笨拙的男子,腓

calving

[ˈkɑ:viŋ]

n.

裂冰(作用)

calf *

1. calf calves
A calf is a young cow.
N-COUNT

2. calf calves
Some other young animals, including elephants and whales, are called calves .
N-COUNT

3. calf calves
Your calf is the thick part at the back of your leg, between your ankle and your knee.

- ...a calf injury.

N-COUNT

calve

1. calve calves calving calved
When a cow calves , it gives birth to a calf.

- When his cows calve each year he keeps one or two calves for his family.

VB

2. calve calves calving calved
Some other female animals, including elephants and whales, are said to calve when they give birth to their young.

- The whales migrate some 6,000 miles to breed and calve in the warm lagoons.

VB

3. calve
Calves is the plural of calf .

calf-length

calf-length
Calf-length skirts, dresses, and coats come to halfway between your knees and ankles.

- ...a black, calf-length coat.

ADJ: ADJ n

calfskin

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:fskin]

[K.K.:ˈkæfˌskɪn, ˈkɑf-]

n.

小牛的皮,犊皮所制的革

calfskin

calfskin
Calfskin shoes and clothing are made from the skin of a calf.

- ...calfskin boots.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

calibrate

[D.J.:ˈkæləˌbreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkæləˌbret]

vt.

校准

使标准化,使合标准

测量(枪的)口径

calibration

[D.J.:ˌkæləˈbreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkæləˈbreʃən]

n.

调准;校准

(测量器具上的)刻度

口径测定

calibrate

1. calibrate calibrates calibrating calibrated
If you calibrate an instrument or tool, you mark or adjust it so that you can use it to measure something accurately. (TECHNICAL)

- ...instructions on how to calibrate a thermometer.

- ...a calibrated hypodermic syringe.

VB

2. calibration calibrations

- ...to enable effective calibration of the measuring instrument.

N-VAR

3. calibrate calibrates calibrating calibrated
If you calibrate something, you measure it accurately. (WRITTEN)

- ...a way of calibrating the shift of opinion within the Labour Party...

- Pesticide levels in food are simply too difficult to calibrate.

VB

4. calibration

- ...the precise calibration of the achievement level of those observed.

N-VAR

calibre

[D.J.:ˈkæləbə]

[K.K.:ˈkæləbɚ]

n.

口径

枪弹的直径

能力, 才能, 素质

水准，水平；质量

calibre *

1. calibre
The calibre of a person is the quality or standard of their ability or intelligence, especially when this is high.

- I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts.

- It became apparent that we could never get the calibre of people we wanted.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, usu adj N, N of n (AM) caliber

2. calibre
The calibre of something is its quality, especially when it is good.

- The quality of his character and the caliber of his accomplishments produced a lasting influence.

- The calibre of teaching was very high.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, oft N of n (AM) caliber

3. calibre calibres
The calibre of a gun is the width of the inside of its barrel. (TECHNICAL)

- ...a .22 calibre rifle.

- ...a small-calibre pistol.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft num N, adj N (AM) caliber

calibre

noun

1.

worth

ability

capacity

distinction

merit

quality

stature

talent

2.

diameter

bore

gauge

measure

calico

[D.J.:ˈkælikəu]

[K.K.:ˈkælɪˌko]

n.

印花布,白棉布

calico

calico calicoes
Calico is plain white fabric made from cotton.
N-MASS

caliper

n.

测径器,卡钳,弯脚器

vt.

用卡钳测量

calipers

n.

弯脚器,测径器

caliper

1. caliper calipers
Calipers are an instrument consisting of two long, thin pieces of metal joined together at one end, and are used to measure the size of things.
N-COUNT: usu pl, also a pair of N also calliper .

2. caliper calipers
Calipers are devices consisting of metal rods held together by straps, which are used to support a person's legs when they cannot walk properly.
N-COUNT: usu pl also calliper .

caliph

[D.J.:ˈkeɪlɪf, ˈkælɪf]

[K.K.:ˈkelɪf, ˈkælɪf]

n.

<史>哈里发(伊斯兰领袖的称号)

caliph

caliph
A Caliph was a Muslim ruler.

- ...the caliph of Baghdad.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE also calif .

calisthenics

[D.J.:ˌkælɪsˈθenɪks]

[K.K.:ˌkælɪsˈθɛnɪks]

n.

柔软体操,运动

calisthenics

calisthenics
Calisthenics are simple exercises that you can do to keep fit and healthy.
N-PLURAL also callisthenics .

call

[D.J.:kɔ:l]

[K.K.:kɔl]

vt. & vi.

叫, 喊

通电话

认为; 估计

vt.

命名, 取名

召唤, 号召, 召开

vi.

拜访, 访问

n.

呼喊声, 叫声; 鸟鸣声

打电话

拜访; 小歇

called

被叫

calling

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:lɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkɔlɪŋ]

n.

呼喊;召唤

职业;天职

(从事某职业或活动的)欲望,冲动

the pot calling the kettle black

锅笑壶黑；五十步笑百步

calls

n.

调用

call *****

1. call calls calling called
If you call someone or something by a particular name or title, you give them that name or title.

- I always wanted to call the dog Mufty for some reason.

- `Doctor...' --- `Will you please call me Sarah?'.

- Everybody called each other by their surnames.

VB

2. called

- Klein's most important work is called `Envy and Gratitude'.

- There are two men called Buckley at the Home Office.

- ...a device called an optical amplifier.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

3. call calls calling called
If you call someone or something a particular thing, you suggest they are that thing or describe them as that thing.

- The speech was interrupted by members of the Conservative Party, who called him a traitor.

- I wouldn't call it a burden; I call it a responsibility.

- She calls me lazy and selfish.

- He called it particularly cynical to begin the releases on Christmas Day.

- Anyone can call themselves a psychotherapist.

VB

4. call calls calling called
If you call something, you say it in a loud voice, because you are trying to attract someone's attention.

- He could hear the others downstairs in different parts of the house calling his name.

- `Boys!' she called again.

VB

5. call out calls out; calling out; called out
Call out means the same as call .

- The butcher's son called out a greeting.

- The train stopped and a porter called out, `Middlesbrough!'

PHR-V

6. call calls calling called
If you call someone, you telephone them.

- Would you call me as soon as you find out? My number's in the phone book.

- A friend of mine gave me this number to call.

- `May I speak with Mr Coyne, please?' --- `May I ask who's calling?'

VB
= telephone

7. call calls calling called
If you call someone such as a doctor or the police, you ask them to come to you, usually by telephoning them.

- He screamed for his wife to call an ambulance.

- One night he was called to see a woman with tuberculosis.

VB

8. call calls calling called
If you call someone, you ask them to come to you by shouting to them.

- She called her young son: `Here, Stephen, come and look at this!'.

- He called me over the Tannoy.

VB

9. call calls
When you make a telephone call , you telephone someone.

- I made a phone call to the United States to talk to a friend.

- I've had hundreds of calls from other victims.

- I got a call from him late yesterday evening.

N-COUNT

10. call calls calling called
If someone in authority calls something such as a meeting, rehearsal, or election, they arrange for it to take place at a particular time.

- The Committee decided to call a meeting of the All India Congress.

- The RSC was calling a press conference to announce its closure.

- The strike was called by the Lebanese Forces militia.

- A meeting has been called for Monday.

VB

11. call calls calling called
If someone is called before a court or committee, they are ordered to appear there, usually to give evidence.

- The child waited two hours before she was called to give evidence.

- I was called as an expert witness.

VB: usu passive
= summon

12. call calls calling called
If you call somewhere, you make a short visit there.

- A market researcher called at the house where he was living.

- Andrew now came almost weekly to call.

VB

13. call calls
Also a noun.

- He decided to pay a call on Tommy Cummings.

N-COUNT

14. call calls calling called
When a train, bus, or ship calls somewhere, it stops there for a short time to allow people to get on or off.

- The steamer calls at several palm-fringed ports along the way.

VB

15. call calls calling called
To call a game or sporting event means to cancel it, for example because of rain or bad light. (AM)

- The second game of the series had ended in a 3-3 tie after ten innings when the game was called on account of darkness.

- We called the next game.

VB
= call off

16. call calls
If there is a call for something, someone demands that it should happen.

- There have been calls for a new kind of security arrangement.

- Almost all workers heeded a call by the trade unions to stay at home for the duration of the strike.

N-COUNT: usu N for n, N to-inf

17. call
If there is little or no call for something, very few people want it to be done or provided.

- `Have you got just plain chocolate?' --- `No, I'm afraid there's not much call for that.'

N-UNCOUNT: with brd-neg, N for n
= demand

18. call
The call of something such as a place is the way it attracts or interests you strongly.

- You must be feeling exhilarated by the call of the new.

N-SING: with poss
= pull lure

19. call calls
The call of a particular bird or animal is the characteristic sound that it makes.

- ...the plaintive call of a whale.

- ...a wide range of animal noises and bird calls.

N-COUNT

20. call
If you have first call on something, you will be asked before anyone else whether you want to buy or use it.

- Why should they get first call on the best property?

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n
= first refusal on

21. call
If you say that there is no call for someone to behave in a particular way, you are criticizing their behaviour, usually because you think it is rude.

- There was no call for him to single you out from all the others.

PHR: PHR n to-inf, PHR n disapproval
= there is no need for

22. call
If someone is on call , they are ready to go to work at any time if they are needed, especially if there is an emergency.

- In theory I'm on call day and night.

- ...a doctor on call.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

23. call
If you call in sick , you telephone the place where you work to tell them you will not be coming to work because you are ill.

- `Shouldn't you be at work today?' --- `I called in sick.'

PHR: V inflects

call out *****

call out calls out; calling out; called out
If you call someone out , you order or request that they come to help, especially in an emergency.

- Colombia has called out the army and imposed emergency measures.

- I called the doctor out.

- The fire brigade should always be called out to a house fire.

PHR-V
See also call 3.

calling *

calling callings
A calling is a profession or career which someone is strongly attracted to, especially one which involves helping other people.

- He was a consultant physician, a serious man dedicated to his calling.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= vocation

call

verb

1.

name

christen

describe as

designate

dub

entitle

label

style

term

2.

cry

arouse

hail

rouse

shout

yell

3.

phone

ring up informal chiefly Brit.

telephone

4.

summon

assemble

convene

gather

muster

rally

noun

5.

cry

hail

scream

shout

signal

whoop

yell

6.

summons

appeal

command

demand

invitation

notice

order

plea

request

7.

need

cause

excuse

grounds

justification

occasion

reason

calling

noun

profession

career

life's work

mission

trade

vocation

call back *****

call back calls back; calling back; called back
If you call someone back , you telephone them again or in return for a telephone call that they have made to you.

- If we're not around she'll take a message and we'll call you back.

- If you want further advice, you can call back and speak to the same adviser.

PHR-V

call for *****

1. call for calls for; calling for; called for
If you call for someone, you go to the building where they are, so that you can both go somewhere.

- I shall be calling for you at seven o'clock.

PHR-V
= pick up

2. call for calls for; calling for; called for
If you call for something, you demand that it should happen.

- They angrily called for Robinson's resignation.

- The ceasefire resolution calls for the release of all prisoners of war.

PHR-V

3. call for calls for; calling for; called for
If something calls for a particular action or quality, it needs it or makes it necessary.

- It's a situation that calls for a blend of delicacy and force.

PHR-V
= demand

call for

verb

1.

require

demand

entail

involve

necessitate

need

occasion

suggest

2.

fetch

collect

pick up

call in *****

1. call in calls in; calling in; called in
If you call someone in , you ask them to come and help you or do something for you.

- Call in an architect or surveyor to oversee the work.

PHR-V

2. call in calls in; calling in; called in
If you call in somewhere, you make a short visit there.

- He just calls in occasionally.

- I got into the habit of calling in on Gloria on my way home.

PHR-V
= drop in

call off *****

call off calls off; calling off; called off
If you call off an event that has been planned, you cancel it.

- He has called off the trip.

- The union threatened a strike but called it off at the last minute.

PHR-V

call on, call upon *****

1. call on calls on; calling on; called on
If you call on someone to do something or call upon them to do it, you say publicly that you want them to do it.

- One of Kenya's leading churchmen has called on the government to resign.

- Frequently he was called upon to resolve conflicts.

PHR-V

2. call on calls on; calling on; called on
If you call on someone or call upon someone, you pay them a short visit.

- Sofia was intending to call on Miss Kitts.

PHR-V

call on

verb

visit

drop in on

look in on

look up

see

call up *****

1. call up calls up; calling up; called up
If you call someone up , you telephone them. (mainly AM)

- When I'm in Pittsburgh, I call him up.

- He called up the museum.

- Sometimes I'd even call up at 4 a.m.

PHR-V
= call

2. call up calls up; calling up; called up
If someone is called up , they are ordered to join the army, navy, or air force.

- Youngsters coming up to university were being called up.

- The United States has called up some 150,000 military reservists.

PHR-V

3. call up calls up; calling up; called up
If someone is called up , they are chosen to play in a sports team.

- He is likely to be called up for Thursday's match against Italy.

PHR-V
See also call-up .

call box

1. call box call boxes
A call box is the same as a telephone box . (BRIT)
N-COUNT also call-box .
= phone box

2. call box call boxes
A call box is a telephone in a box or case, often on a pole, that is at the side of a road and that you can use in emergencies. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT also call-box .

call centre

call centre call centres
A call centre is an office where people work answering or making telephone calls for a particular company.
N-COUNT (AM) call center

caller

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:lə]

[K.K.:ˈkɔlɚ]

n.

访问者,探望者

呼叫者;鸣叫物

打电话者

caller **

1. caller callers
A caller is a person who is making a telephone call.

- An anonymous caller told police what had happened.

N-COUNT

2. caller callers
A caller is a person who comes to see you for a short visit.

- She ushered her callers into a cluttered living-room.

N-COUNT
= visitor

call girl

call girl call girls
A call girl is a prostitute who makes appointments by telephone.
N-COUNT

calligrapher

[kəˈliɡrəfə]

n.

书法家

calligraphy

[D.J.:kəˈlɪgrəfi:]

[K.K.:kəˈlɪɡrəfi]

n.

美术字(体)

书法；笔迹

calligrapher

n.

calligraphic

adj.

calligrapher

calligrapher calligraphers
A calligrapher is a person skilled in the art of calligraphy.

- He was a skilled calligrapher and artist.

N-COUNT

calligraphy

1. calligraphy
Calligraphy is the art of producing beautiful handwriting using a brush or a special pen.
N-UNCOUNT

2. calligraphy
Calligraphy is beautiful and artistic handwriting.

- Her calligraphy was the clearest I'd ever seen.

N-UNCOUNT

call-in

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:lin]

[K.K.:ˈkɔlˌɪn]

n.

电话交谈节目

call-in

call-in call-ins
A call-in is a programme on radio or television in which people telephone with questions or opinions and their calls are broadcast. (AM; in BRIT use phone-in )

- ...a call-in show on Los Angeles radio station KABC.

N-COUNT

calling card

calling card calling cards
A calling card is a small card with personal information about you on it, such as your name and address, which you can give to people when you go to visit them. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT
= card

callous

[D.J.:ˈkæləs]

[K.K.:ˈkæləs]

adj.

硬结的,起老茧的

无感觉的;麻木不仁的

无情的, 冷漠的

vt. & vi.

(使)硬结,(使)起茧

(使)冷酷无情

n.

硬皮,老茧

callous *

1. callous
A callous person or action is very cruel and shows no concern for other people or their feelings.

- ...his callous disregard for human life.

ADJ-GRADED
= heartless ≠ sensitive

2. callousness

- ...the callousness of Raymond's murder.

N-UNCOUNT

3. callously

- He is accused of consistently and callously ill-treating his wife.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

callous

adjective

heartless

cold

hard-bitten

hardened

hardhearted

insensitive

uncaring

unfeeling

calloused

[ˈkæləst]

adj.

粗糙的; 粗硬的; 起老茧的

calloused

calloused
A foot or hand that is calloused is covered in calluses.

- ...blunt, calloused fingers.

ADJ-GRADED also callused .

callow

[D.J.:ˈkæləʊ]

[K.K.:ˈkælo]

adj.

羽翼未丰的；幼小的

<文>稚嫩的;乳臭未干的;无经验的

callow

callow
A callow young person has very little experience or knowledge of the way they should behave as an adult.

- ...a callow youth.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

callow

adjective

inexperienced

green

guileless

immature

naive

raw

unsophisticated

call sign

call sign call signs
A call sign is the letters and numbers which identify a person, vehicle, or organization that is broadcasting on the radio or sending messages by radio.
N-COUNT

call-up

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:lʌp]

[K.K.:ˈkɔlˌʌp]

n.

(服兵役的)征召令, 征集令

选调, 征调

call-up *

1. call-up
If a person gets their call-up papers, they receive an official order to join the armed forces.
ADJ: ADJ n
= draft

2. call-up call-ups
A call-up is an occasion on which people are ordered to report for service in the armed forces.

- The call-up of National Guard and reserve units begun in late August.

N-COUNT

3. call-up call-ups
If someone receives a call-up to a sports team, such as the national football team, they are chosen to play for that team. (BRIT, JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT

callus

[D.J.:ˈkæləs]

[K.K.:ˈkæləs]

n.

老茧;假骨质

<植>愈合组织

vi.

结硬皮,生老茧;结痂

vt.

使生茧(或变硬);使(伤口等)结痂

callus

callus calluses
A callus is an unwanted area of thick skin, usually on the palms of your hands or the soles of your feet, which has been caused by something rubbing against it.
N-COUNT

calm

[D.J.:kɑ:m]

[K.K.:kɑm]

adj.

(水面)平静的, (天气)无风的

镇定的, 沉着的; 宁静的, 心平气和的

vt. & vi.

(使)平静; (使)镇定

calmly

[D.J.:ˈk ɑ:mlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈk ɑmlɪ]

adv.

平静地;宁静地

冷静地,沉着地

calmness

n.

平静,冷静,镇静

calm ***

1. calm calmer calmest
A calm person does not show or feel any worry, anger, or excitement.

- She is usually a calm and diplomatic woman.

- Try to keep calm and just tell me what happened.

- She sighed, then continued in a soft, calm voice.

- Diane felt very calm and unafraid as she saw him off the next morning.

ADJ-GRADED

2. calm
Also a noun.

- He felt a sudden sense of calm, of contentment.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

3. calmly

- Alan looked at him and said calmly, `I don't believe you.'.

- Hungary, by contrast, has so far reacted calmly to events in Yugoslavia.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

4. calmness

- All those things gave him a feeling of security and calmness.

N-UNCOUNT

5. calm calms calming calmed
If you calm someone, you do something to make them feel less angry, worried, or excited.

- The ruling party's veterans know how to calm their critics.

- Tranquilliser drugs were used to calm the deportees.

- She was breathing quickly and tried to calm herself.

- A business lunch helps calm her nerves.

VB

6. calming

- ...a fresh, cool fragrance which produces a very calming effect on the mind.

ADJ-GRADED

7. calm
Calm is used to refer to a quiet, still, or peaceful atmosphere in a place.

- The house projects an atmosphere of neoclassical calm and order.

- ...the rural calm of Grand Rapids, Michigan.

N-UNCOUNT
= peace

8. calm calmer calmest
If someone says that a place is calm , they mean that it is free from fighting or public disorder, when trouble has recently occurred there or had been expected. (JOURNALISM)

- The city of Sarajevo appears relatively calm today.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= peaceful

9. calm
Also a noun.

- Community and church leaders have appealed for calm and no retaliation.

- An uneasy calm is reported to be prevailing in the area.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

10. calm calms calming calmed
To calm a situation means to reduce the amount of trouble, violence, or panic there is.

- Officials hoped admitting fewer foreigners would calm the situation.

- Mr Beazer tried to calm the protests by promising to keep the company's base in Pittsburgh.

VB

11. calm calmer calmest
If the sea or a lake is calm , the water is not moving very much and there are no big waves.

- ...as we slid into the calm waters of Cowes Harbour.

ADJ-GRADED
= still ≠ rough

12. calm calmer calmest
Calm weather is pleasant weather with little or no wind.

- Tuesday was a fine, clear and calm day.

ADJ-GRADED

13. calm calms
In sailing, a flat calm or a dead calm is a condition of the sea or the weather in which there is very little wind or movement of the water. (TECHNICAL)

- ...during flat calms when the water is crystal clear...

- We had the whole gamut of wind from a dead calm to a force 10 gale.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

14. calm calms calming calmed
When the sea calms , it becomes still because the wind stops blowing strongly. When the wind calms , it stops blowing strongly.

- Dawn came, the sea calmed but the cold was as bitter as ever.

VB

15. calm calms calming calmed
To calm a pain or an itch means to reduce it or get rid of it.

- ...more traditional methods of soothing the skin and calming the itch.

VB
= soothe

16. calm
You can use the calm before the storm to refer to a quiet period in which there is little or no activity, before a period in which there is a lot of trouble or intense activity.
PHR

calmly *

calmly
You can use calmly to emphasize that someone is behaving in a very controlled or ordinary way in a frightening or unusual situation. (WRITTEN)

- She walked up to her lover's wife and calmly shot her in the head.

ADV: ADV with v emphasis
See also calm .

calm

adjective

1.

cool

collected

composed

dispassionate

relaxed

sedate

self-possessed

unemotional

2.

still

balmy

mild

quiet

serene

smooth

tranquil

windless

noun

3.

peacefulness

hush

peace

quiet

repose

serenity

stillness

verb

4.

quieten

hush

mollify

placate

relax

soothe

calmness

noun

1.

coolness

composure

cool slang

equanimity

impassivity

poise

sang-froid

self-possession

2.

peacefulness

calm

hush

quiet

repose

restfulness

serenity

stillness

tranquillity

calm down ***

1. calm down calms down; calming down; calmed down
If you calm down , or if someone calms you down , you become less angry, upset, or excited.

- Calm down for a minute and listen to me.

- I'll try a herbal remedy to calm him down.

- Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm yourself down.

PHR-V-ERG

2. calm down calms down; calming down; calmed down
If things calm down , or someone or something calms things down , the amount of activity, trouble, or panic is reduced.

- We will go back to normal when things calm down.

- Neil Howorth, director of the academy, tried to calm things down.

PHR-V-ERG
= settle down

Calor Gas

Calor Gas
Calor gas is gas in liquid form which is sold in special containers so that people can use it in places which are not connected to the gas supply, such as tents or caravans. (TRADEMARK)
N-UNCOUNT

caloric

[D.J.:kəˈlɔrik]

[K.K.:kəˈlɔrɪk, -ˈlɑr-]

n.,adj.

热量(的)

caloric

caloric
Caloric means relating to calories.

- ...a daily caloric intake of from 400 to 1200 calories.

ADJ: ADJ n

calorie

[D.J.:ˈkæləri]

[K.K.:ˈkæləri]

n.

大卡, 千卡(食物所产生的能量单位)

卡路里, 卡(热量单位)

calorie **

calorie calories
Calories are units used to measure the energy value of food. People who are on diets try to eat food that does not contain many calories.

- A glass of wine does have quite a lot of calories.

- ...calorie controlled diets.

N-COUNT
See also -calorie .

-calorie

-calorie
-calorie is used after adjectives such as low or high to indicate that food contains a small or a large number of calories.

- ...low-calorie margarine.

- ...reduced-calorie mayonnaise.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

calorific

[D.J.:ˌkæləˈrifik]

[K.K.:ˌkæləˈrɪfɪk]

adj.

生热的

calorific

calorific
The calorific value of something, or its calorific content, is the number of calories it contains. (TECHNICAL)

- ...food with a high calorific value.

- ...highly calorific fats.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

calumnious

[D.J.:kəˈlʌmniəs]

[K.K.:kəˈlʌmniəs]

adj.

毁谤的,中伤的

calumny

[D.J.:ˈkæləmni:]

[K.K.:ˈkæləmni]

n.

诬蔑,诽谤,中伤(的话)

calumnious

adj.

calumny

calumny calumnies
Calumny or a calumny is an untrue statement made about someone in order to reduce other people's respect and admiration for them. (FORMAL)

- He was the victim of calumny.

N-VAR
= slander

Calvinist

[ˈkælvinist]

n.

加尔文教徒

Calvinist

1. Calvinist
Calvinist means belonging or relating to a strict Protestant church started by John Calvin.

- ...Calvinist doctrine.

- ...the Calvinist work ethic.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. Calvinist Calvinists
A Calvinist is a member of the Calvinist church.
N-COUNT

calypso

[D.J.:kəˈlipsəu]

[K.K.:kəˈlɪpso]

n.

卡里普索(特立尼达岛上土人即兴演唱的歌曲)

adj.

特立尼达岛上土人所演唱的歌曲的

calypso

calypso calypsos
A calypso is a song about a current subject, sung in a style which originally comes from the West Indies.
N-COUNT

camaraderie

[D.J.:kɑ:məˈrɑ:dəri:]

[K.K.:ˌkɑməˈrɑdəri, ˌkæməˈrædə-]

n.

同志之爱,友情

camaraderie

camaraderie
Camaraderie is a feeling of trust and friendship among a group of people who have usually known each other for a long time or gone through some kind of experience together.

- ...the family camaraderie in Italy.

- ...the cohesiveness and camaraderie of the wartime Army.

N-UNCOUNT

camber

[D.J.:ˈkæmbə]

[K.K.:ˈkæmbɚ]

n.

拱形

v.

呈拱形

camber

camber cambers
A camber is a gradual downward slope from the centre of a road to each side of it.
N-COUNT

camcorder

[D.J.:ˈkæmkɔ:də]

[K.K.:ˈkæmˌkɔrdɚ]

n.

(VCR)摄像机

camcorder *

camcorder camcorders
A camcorder is a portable video camera which records both picture and sound.
N-COUNT

came

[D.J.:keɪm]

[K.K.:kem]

(come的过去式)

come

[D.J.:kʌm]

[K.K.:kʌm]

vi.

来; 来到

移动, 行走

到达, 达到

出现于…, 位于…

转入另一种状态

link v.

成为, 变为; 变得, 终于

comes

[ˈkɔmiz]

n.

伴星;伴引血管

coming

[D.J.:ˈkʌmɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkʌmɪŋ]

adj.

即将到来的;下一个的

have (got) it/that coming (to sb)

将要遭到报应；自食恶果

where sb is coming from

用意所在；说此番话的原因(指由说话人的观念、信仰或个性等所造成)

n.

(尤指新事物的)到来

came

Came is the past tense of come .

come *****

( Come is used in a large number of expressions which are explained under other words in this dictionary. For example, the expression `to come to terms with something' is explained at `term'.)

1. come comes coming came
When a person or thing comes to a particular place, especially to a place where you are, they move there.

- Two police officers came into the hall.

- Come here, Tom.

- You'll have to come with us.

- We want you to come to lunch.

- I came over from Ireland to start a new life after my divorce.

- We heard the train coming.

- Can I come too?.

- The impact blew out some of the windows and the sea came rushing in.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

2. come comes coming came
When someone comes to do something, they move to the place where someone else is in order to do it, and they do it. In British English, someone can also come and do something and in American English, someone can come do something. However, you always say that someone came and did something.

- Eleanor had come to visit her.

- Come and meet Roger.

- A lot of our friends came and saw me.

- I want you to come visit me.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

3. come comes coming came
When you come to a place, you reach it.

- He came to a door that led into a passageway.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

4. come comes coming came
If something comes up to a particular point or down to it, it is tall enough, deep enough, or long enough to reach that point.

- The water came up to my chest.

- I wore a large shirt of Jamie's which came down over my hips.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

5. come comes coming came
If something comes apart or comes to pieces , it breaks into pieces. If something comes off or comes away , it becomes detached from something else.

- The pistol came to pieces, easily and quickly.

- The door knobs came off in our hands.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

6. come comes coming came
You use come in expressions such as come to an end or come into operation to indicate that someone or something enters or reaches a particular state or situation.

- The summer came to an end.

- The Communists came to power in 1944.

- I came into contact with very bright Harvard and Yale students.

- ...new taxes which come into force next month...

- Their worst fears may be coming true.

V-LINK The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

7. come comes coming came
If someone comes to do something, they do it at the end of a long process or period of time.

- She said it so many times that she came to believe it.

- Although it was a secret wedding, the press did eventually come to hear about it.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

8. come comes coming came
You can ask how something came to happen when you want to know what caused it to happen or made it possible.

- How did you come to meet him?

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

9. come comes coming came
When a particular event or time comes , it arrives or happens.

- The announcement came after a meeting at the Home Office.

- The time has come for us to move on.

- There will come a time when the crisis will occur.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

10. coming

- Most of my patients welcome the coming of summer.

N-SING: usu the N of n

11. come
You can use come before a date, time, or event to mean when that date, time, or event arrives. For example, you can say come the spring to mean `when the spring arrives'.

- Come the election on the 20th of May, we will have to decide.

- He's going to be up there again come Sunday.

PREP The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

12. come comes coming came
If a thought, idea, or memory comes to you, you suddenly think of it or remember it.

- He was about to shut the door when an idea came to him.

- Then it came to me that perhaps he did understand.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle
= strike

13. come comes coming came
If money or property is going to come to you, you are going to inherit or receive it.

- The fortune will come to you.

- He did have pension money coming to him when the factory shut down.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

14. come comes coming came
If a case comes before a court or tribunal or comes to court, it is presented there so that the court or tribunal can examine it.

- The membership application came before the Council of Ministers in September.

- President Cristiani expected the case to come to court within ninety days.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

15. come comes coming came
If something comes to a particular number or amount, it adds up to it.

- Lunch came to $80.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

16. come comes coming came
If someone or something comes from a particular place or thing, that place or thing is their origin, source, or starting point.

- Nearly half the students come from abroad.

- Chocolate comes from the cacao tree.

- The term `claret', used to describe Bordeaux wines, may come from the French word `clairet'.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

17. come comes coming came
Something that comes from something else or comes of it is the result of it.

- There is a feeling of power that comes from driving fast.

- Some good might come of all this gloomy business.

- He asked to be transferred there some years ago, but nothing came of it.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

18. come comes coming came
If someone comes of a particular family or type of family, they are descended from them. (FORMAL)

- She comes of a very good family.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

19. come comes coming came
If someone or something comes first, next, or last, they are first, next, or last in a series, list, or competition.

- The two countries have been unable to agree which step should come next.

- The alphabet might be more rational if all the vowels came first.

- The horse had already won at Lincolnshire and come second at Lowesby.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

20. come comes coming came
If a type of thing comes in a particular range of colours, forms, styles, or sizes, it can have any of those colours, forms, styles, or sizes.

- Bikes come in all shapes and sizes.

- The wallpaper comes in black and white only.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

21. come comes coming came
You use come in expressions such as it came as a surprise when indicating a person's reaction to something that happens.

- Major's reply came as a complete surprise to the House of Commons.

- The arrest has come as a terrible shock.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

22. come comes coming came
The next subject in a discussion that you come to is the one that you talk about next.

- Finally in the programme, we come to the news that the American composer and conductor, Leonard Bernstein, has died.

- That is another matter altogether. And we shall come to that next.

VB The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

23. come
People say ` Come ' to encourage or comfort someone. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- `Come, eat!' the old woman urged.

CONVENTION The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle
= come on

24. come
To come means to have an orgasm. (INFORMAL)
VERB: V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

25. come
Some people say ` Come again? ' when they want you to repeat what you have just said. (SPOKEN)
CONVENTION The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle formulae

26. come
If you say that someone is, for example, as good as they come , or as stupid as they come , you are emphasizing that they are extremely good or extremely stupid.

- The new finance minister was educated at Oxford and is as financially orthodox as they come.

PHR The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle emphasis

27. come
People say ` Come, come ' to indicate that they disapprove of or disagree with what someone has just said or done. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- `You hope for something in Mrs Zuckerman's will?' --- `Come, come, Mr Trethowan. Of course not.'

CONVENTION The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle
= come on

28. come
You can use the expression when it comes down to it or when you come down to it for emphasis, when you are giving a general statement or conclusion.

- When you come down to it, however, the basic problems of life have not changed.

- Few people, when it comes down to it, are so selfless.

PHR: PHR with cl The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle emphasis
= basically

29. come
If you say that someone has it coming to them, you mean that they deserve everything bad that is going to happen to them, because they have done something wrong or are a bad person. If you say that someone got what was coming to them, you mean that they deserved the punishment or bad experience that they have had. (INFORMAL)

- He was pleased that Brady was dead because he probably had it coming to him.

PHR: V inflects The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

30. come
You use the expression come to think of it to indicate that you have suddenly realized something, often something obvious.

- He was his distant relative, as was everyone else on the island, come to think of it.

- You know, when you come to think of it, this is very odd.

PHR: PHR with cl The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

31. come
When you refer to a time or an event to come or one that is still to come , you are referring to a future time or event.

- The War will remain a heated topic of debate for some time to come.

- I hope in years to come he will reflect on his decision.

- The worst of the storm is yet to come.

PHR: usu n PHR, also v-link PHR The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

32. come
You can use the expression when it comes to or when it comes down to in order to introduce a new topic or a new aspect of a topic that you are talking about.

- Most of us know we should cut down on fat. But knowing such things isn't much help when it comes to shopping and eating.

- However, when it comes down to somebody that they know, they have a different feeling.

PHR: PHR n/-ing The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come along *****

1. come along comes along; coming along; came along
You tell someone to come along to encourage them in a friendly way to do something, especially to attend something.

- There's a big press launch today and you're most welcome to come along.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

2. come
You say `come along' to someone to encourage them to hurry up, usually when you are rather annoyed with them.

- Come along, Osmond. No sense in your standing around.

CONVENTION The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

3. come along comes along; coming along; came along
When something or someone comes along , they occur or arrive by chance.

- I waited a long time until a script came along that I thought was genuinely funny.

- It was lucky you came along.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

4. come along comes along; coming along; came along
If something is coming along , it is developing or making progress.

- Pentagon spokesman Williams says those talks are coming along quite well.

- How's Ferguson coming along?

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come off *****

1. come off comes off; coming off; came off
If something comes off , it is successful or effective.

- It was a good try but it didn't quite come off.

- Slovo said it was a great occasion which he hoped would come off in an orderly and peaceful way.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

2. come off comes off; coming off; came off
If someone comes off worst in a contest or conflict, they are in the worst position after it. If they come off best, they are in the best position.

- Some Democrats still have bitter memories of how, against all odds, they came off worst during the inquiry.

- In these circumstances, it is the managers who come off best.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

3. come off comes off; coming off; came off
If you come off a drug or medicine, you stop taking it.

- ...people trying to come off tranquillizers.

PHR-V: no passive The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

4. come
You say `come off it' to someone to show them that you think what they are saying is untrue or wrong. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)
CONVENTION The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come on *****

1. come
You say `Come on' to someone to encourage them to do something they do not much want to do. (SPOKEN)

- Come on Doreen, let's dance.

CONVENTION The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

2. come
You say `Come on' to someone to encourage them to hurry up. (SPOKEN)
CONVENTION The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

3. come
You say `Come on' to someone when you think that what they are saying is silly or unreasonable. (SPOKEN)

- `Have you said all this to the police?' --- `Aw, come on!'.

- Come on, Sue, that was two years ago.

CONVENTION The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

4. come on comes on; coming on; came on
If you have an illness or a headache coming on , you can feel it starting.

- Tiredness and fever are much more likely to be a sign of flu coming on.

PHR-V: usu cont The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

5. come on comes on; coming on; came on
If something or someone is coming on well, they are developing well or making good progress.

- Lee is coming on very well now and it's a matter of deciding how to fit him into the team.

- The knee's coming on fine, I'm walking comfortably already.

PHR-V: usu cont The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle
= come along

6. come on comes on; coming on; came on
When something such as a machine or system comes on , it starts working or functioning.

- The central heating was coming on and the ancient wooden boards creaked.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

7. come on comes on; coming on; came on
If a new season or type of weather is coming on , it is starting to arrive.

- Winter was coming on again.

- I had two miles to go and it was just coming on to rain.

PHR-V: usu cont The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come on to *****

1. come on comes on; coming on; came on
When you come on to a particular topic, you start discussing it.

- We're now looking at a smaller system but I'll come on to that later.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

2. come on comes on; coming on; came on
If someone comes on to you, they show that they are interested in starting a sexual relationship with you. (INFORMAL)

- I don't think that a woman, by using make-up, is trying to come on to a man.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

coming *****

coming
A coming event or time is an event or time that will happen soon.

- This obviously depends on the weather in the coming months.

- They talk of the coming battle.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also come .

come

verb

1.

move towards

advance

approach

draw near

near

2.

arrive

appear

enter

materialize

reach

show up informal

turn up informal

3.

happen

fall

occur

take place

4.

result

arise

emanate

emerge

flow

issue

originate

5.

reach

extend

6.

be available

be made

be offered

be on offer

be produced

coming

adjective

1.

approaching

at hand

forthcoming

imminent

impending

in store

near

nigh

noun

2.

arrival

advent

approach

camel

[D.J.:ˈkæməl]

[K.K.:ˈkæməl]

n.

骆驼

camel *

camel camels
A camel is a large animal that lives in deserts and is used for carrying goods and people. Camels have long necks and one or two lumps on their backs called humps .
N-COUNT
the straw that broke the camel's back : see straw .

camel-hair

[D.J.:ˈkæməlˌheə]

[K.K.:ˈkæməlˌhɛr]

n.

驼毛 驼毛呢

camel-hair

camel-hair
A camel-hair coat is made of a kind of soft, thick woollen cloth, usually creamy brown in colour.
ADJ: ADJ n The spellings camel hair , and in American English camel's hair are also used.

camellia

[D.J.:kəˈmi:ljə]

[K.K.:kəˈmiljə]

n.

山茶；山茶花,山茶属植物

camellia

camellia camellias
A camellia is a large bush that has shiny leaves and large white, pink, or red flowers similar to a rose.
N-COUNT

Camembert

[D.J.:ˈkæməmbeə]

[K.K.:ˈkæməmˌbɛr]

n.

法国 Camembert 村所产的软质乳酪

Camembert

Camembert Camemberts
Camembert is a type of cheese that comes from Northern France. It is soft and creamy with a white skin.
N-VAR

cameo

[D.J.:ˈkæmi:ˌəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈkæmiˌo]

n.

浮雕宝石

cameo *

1. cameo cameos
A cameo is a short description or piece of acting which expresses cleverly and neatly the nature of a situation, event, or person's character.

- ...a succession of memorable cameos of Scottish history...

- He played a cameo role, that of a young Aids patient in hospital.

N-COUNT

2. cameo cameos
A cameo is a piece of jewellery, usually oval in shape, consisting of a raised stone figure or design fixed on to a flat stone of another colour.

- ...a cameo brooch.

N-COUNT

camera

[D.J.:ˈkæmərə]

[K.K.:ˈkæmərə, ˈkæmrə]

n.

照相机; 摄影机; 电视摄影机

camera ****

1. camera cameras
A camera is a piece of equipment that is used for taking photographs, making films, or producing television pictures.

- Her gran lent her a camera for a school trip to Venice and Egypt.

- ...a video camera.

N-COUNT

2. camera
If someone or something is on camera , they are being filmed.

- Fay was so impressive on camera that a special part was written in for her.

- Just about anything could happen and we'll be there to catch it on camera when it does.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR

3. camera
If you do something or if something happens off camera , you do it or it happens when not being filmed.

- They were anything but friendly off-camera, refusing even to take the same lift.

- ...off-camera interviews.

PHR: usu PHR after v, PHR n

4. camera
If a trial is held in camera , the public and the press are not allowed to attend. (FORMAL)

- This morning's appeal was held in camera.

- They were sentenced by a military tribunal sitting in camera.

PHR: PHR after v
= in private

cameraman

[D.J.:ˈkæmərəˌmæn, ˈkæmrə-]

[K.K.:ˈkæmərəˌmæn, ˈkæmrə-]

n.

(电视、电影等的)摄影师;摄影记者

摄影器材商

cameraman *

cameraman cameramen
A cameraman is a person who operates a camera for television or film making.
N-COUNT

camera-shy

[ˈkæmərəʃai]

adj.

不喜被拍照的

camera-shy

camera-shy
Someone who is camera-shy is nervous and uncomfortable about being filmed or about having their photograph taken.
ADJ-GRADED

camerawork

[ˈkæmərəwə:k]

n.

摄影(术),摄影技巧，摄影(机)操作

camerawork

camerawork
The camerawork in a film is the way it has been filmed, especially if the style is interesting or unusual in some way.

- The director employs sensuous, atmospheric camerawork and deft dramatic touches.

N-UNCOUNT

camisole

[D.J.:ˈkæmisəul]

[K.K.:ˈkæmɪˌsol]

n.

(贴身)女背心

camisole

camisole camisoles
A camisole is a short piece of clothing that women wear on the top half of their bodies underneath a shirt or blouse, for example.

- ...silk camisoles.

N-COUNT

camomile

[D.J.:ˈkæməmail]

[K.K.:ˈkæməˌmaɪl, -ˌmil]

n.

甘菊

camomile *

camomile
Camomile is a scented plant with flowers like small daisies. The flowers can be used to make herbal tea.
N-UNCOUNT also chamomile .

camouflage

[D.J.:ˈkæməˌflɑ:ʒ, -ˌflɑ:dʒ]

[K.K.:ˈkæməˌflɑʒ, -ˌflɑdʒ]

n.

伪装；隐藏；掩藏

伪装物;掩饰手段;保护色

vt. & vi.

隐蔽；隐藏；掩藏；掩盖

camouflage *

1. camouflage
Camouflage consists of things such as leaves, branches, or brown and green paint, which are used to make it difficult for an enemy to see military forces and equipment.

- They were dressed in camouflage and carried automatic rifles.

- ...a camouflage jacket.

- ...the mottled green camouflage scheme of most military vehicles.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft N n

2. camouflage camouflages camouflaging camouflaged
If military buildings or vehicles are camouflaged , things such as leaves, branches, or brown and green paint are used to make it difficult for an enemy to see them.

- You won't see them from the air. They'd be very well camouflaged.

- They walked through the trees to a second hut, cunningly camouflaged against air surveillance.

VB: usu passive

3. camouflage camouflages camouflaging camouflaged
If you camouflage something such as a feeling or a situation, you hide it or make it appear to be something different.

- He has never camouflaged his desire to better himself.

- This is another clever attempt to camouflage reality.

VB
= hide

4. camouflage
Also a noun.

- The frenzied merrymaking of her later years was a desperate camouflage for her grief.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

5. camouflage
Camouflage is the way in which some animals are coloured and shaped so that they cannot easily be seen in their natural surroundings.

- Confident in its camouflage, being the same colour as the rocks, the lizard stands still when it feels danger.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

camouflage

noun

1.

disguise

blind

cloak

concealment

cover

mask

masquerade

screen

subterfuge

verb

2.

disguise

cloak

conceal

cover

hide

mask

obfuscate

obscure

screen

veil

camp

[D.J.:kæmp]

[K.K.:kæmp]

n.

营地

收容所

阵营; 集团

vt. & vi.

宿营, 露营

camping

[ˈkæmpiŋ]

n.

野营; 露营

camp ****

1. camp camps
A camp is a collection of huts and other buildings that is provided for a particular group of people, such as refugees, prisoners, or soldiers, as a place to live or stay.

- ...a refugee camp...

- 2,500 foreign prisoners-of-war, including Americans, had been held in camps near Tambov.

N-COUNT: oft n N

2. camp camps
A camp is an outdoor area with buildings, tents, or caravans where people stay on holiday.
N-VAR

3. camp camps
A camp is a collection of tents or caravans where people are living or staying, usually temporarily while they are travelling.

- ...gypsy camps...

- We'll make camp on that hill ahead.

N-VAR

4. camp camps camping camped
If you camp somewhere, you stay or live there for a short time in a tent or caravan, or in the open air.

- We camped near the beach.

- ...the men, who are camping on the pavement in sleeping bags.

VB

5. camp out camps out; camping out; camped out
Camp out means the same as camp .

- For six months they camped out in a caravan in a meadow at the back of the house.

PHR-V

6. camping

- They went camping in the wilds.

- ...a camping trip.

N-UNCOUNT

7. camp camps
You can refer to a group of people who all support a particular person, policy, or idea as a particular camp .

- The press release provoked furious protests from the Gore camp and other top Democrats.

- ...a close colleague, who had sided with the opposite camp in an office dispute.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

8. camp
If you describe someone's behaviour, performance, or style of dress as camp , you mean that it is exaggerated and amusing, often in a way that is thought to be typical of some male homosexuals. (INFORMAL)

- James Barron turns in a delightfully camp performance.

ADJ-GRADED
= campy

9. camp
Also a noun.

- The days of platform-soled high camp are long over.

N-UNCOUNT

10. camp
If a performer camps it up , they deliberately perform in an exaggerated and often amusing way. (INFORMAL)

- He camped it up, he told bad taste jokes and endless anecdotes with no point at all.

PHR: V inflects

camp out ****

camp out camps out; camping out; camped out
If you say that people camp out somewhere in the open air, you are emphasizing that they stay there for a long time, because they are waiting for something to happen.

- ...reporters who had camped out in anticipation of her arrival.

PHR-V emphasis
See camp 4.

camped *

camped
If people are camped or camped out somewhere in the open air, they are living, staying, or waiting there, often in tents.

- Most of the refugees are camped high in the mountains.

- You will wake to find film crews camped in your backyard.

- They are camped out in tents on the front lawn.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ prep/adv
See also camp .

camp

noun

camp site

bivouac

camping ground

encampment

tents

camp

adjective Informal

effeminate

affected

artificial

mannered

ostentatious

posturing

campaign

[D.J.:kæmˈpein]

[K.K.:kæmˈpen]

n.

运动

战役

vi.

参加[发起]运动, 参加竞选

campaign *****

1. campaign campaigns
A campaign is a planned set of activities that people carry out over a period of time in order to achieve something such as social or political change.

- During his election campaign he promised to put the economy back on its feet.

- Apacs has launched a campaign to improve the training of staff.

- ...the campaign against public smoking.

N-COUNT: oft N to-inf, N for/against n

2. campaign campaigns campaigning campaigned
If someone campaigns for something, they carry out a planned set of activities over a period of time in order to achieve their aim.

- We are campaigning for law reform.

- Mr Burns has actively campaigned against a hostel being set up here.

- They have been campaigning to improve the legal status of women.

VB

3. campaign campaigns
In a war, a campaign is a series of planned movements carried out by armed forces.

- The allies are intensifying their air campaign.

- ...a bombing campaign.

N-COUNT: oft n N
= operation

campaign

noun

operation

attack

crusade

drive

expedition

movement

offensive

push

campaigner

[kæmˈpeinə]

n.

从军者,出征者,竞选者

campaigner **

campaigner campaigners
A campaigner is a person who campaigns for social or political change.

- ...anti-hunting campaigners.

- ...campaigners for multi-party democracy.

N-COUNT: oft supp N, N for/against n

camp bed

camp bed camp beds
A camp bed is a small bed that you can fold up. (BRIT; in AM use cot )
N-COUNT

camper

[D.J.:ˈkæmpə]

[K.K.:ˈkæmpɚ]

n.

露营者,野营者

(装有露营设备的)露营车

camper *

1. camper campers
A camper is someone who is camping somewhere.
N-COUNT

2. camper campers
A camper is the same as a camper van .
N-COUNT

camper van

camper van camper vans
A camper van is a van which is equipped with beds and cooking equipment so that you can live, cook, and sleep in it.
N-COUNT

camp fire

camp fire camp fires
A camp fire is a fire that you light out of doors when you are camping.
N-COUNT also camp-fire .

camp follower

1. camp follower camp followers
If you describe someone as a camp follower , you mean that they do not officially belong to a particular group or movement but support it for their own advantage.

- ...the chief ministers of three important states, who were thought to be camp followers of the deputy Prime Minister.

N-COUNT also camp-follower . disapproval

2. camp follower camp followers
Camp followers are people who travel with an army or other group, especially members of soldiers' families, or people who supply goods and services to the army.
N-COUNT also camp-follower .

campground

[D.J.:ˈkæmpɡraund]

[K.K.:ˈkæmpˌɡraʊnd]

n.

野营地,露营场所

campground

campground campgrounds
A campground is the same as a campsite . (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

camphor

[D.J.:ˈkæmfə]

[K.K.:ˈkæmfɚ]

n.

<化>樟脑,莰酮

camphor

camphor
Camphor is a strong-smelling white substance used in various medicines, in mothballs, and in making plastics.
N-UNCOUNT

camping site

camping site camping sites
A camping site is the same as a campsite .
N-COUNT

campsite

[D.J.:kæmpˈsait]

[K.K.:ˈkæmpˌsaɪt]

n.

野营地,露营预定地

campsite

campsite campsites
A campsite is a place where people who are on holiday can stay in tents.
N-COUNT
= camping site

campus

[D.J.:ˈkæmpəs]

[K.K.:ˈkæmpəs]

n.

(大学)校园

大学或其分校

campus **

campus campuses
A campus is an area of land that contains the main buildings of a university or college.

- ...during a rally at the campus...

- Private automobiles are not allowed on campus.

N-COUNT: also prep N

campy

[ˈkæmpi]

adj.

装模作样的,不自然的,(态度、语言举止等明显表现出)同性恋的

campy

campy
Campy means the same as camp .

- ...a campy spy spoof.

ADJ-GRADED
= camp

camshaft

[D.J.:ˈkæmʃɑ:ft]

[K.K.:ˈkæmˌʃæft]

n.

凸轮轴

camshaft

camshaft camshafts
A camshaft is a rod in an engine and works to change circular motion into motion up and down or from side to side.
N-COUNT

can

[D.J.:kæn, kən]

[K.K.:kən，kæn]

aux. v.

能, 能够

可以

可能, 会

vt.

将…装入密封罐中保存

n.

罐, 罐头

canned

[D.J.:kænd]

[K.K.:kænd]

adj.

罐装的,录音的,一稿数用的,喝醉了的

canning

[D.J.:ˈkæniŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkænɪŋ]

n.

罐头制造

can 1 modal uses *****

( Can is a modal verb. It is used with the base form of a verb. The form cannot is used in negative statements. The usual spoken form of cannot is can't , pronounced )

1. can
You use can when you are mentioning a quality or fact about something which people may make use of if they want to.

- Pork is also the most versatile of meats. It can be roasted whole or in pieces.

- Luckily, iron can be reworked and mistakes don't have to be thrown away.

- A central reservation number operated by the resort can direct you to accommodations that best suit your needs.

- A selected list of some of those stocking a comprehensive range can be found in Chapter 8.

- ...the statue which can still be seen in the British Museum.

MODAL

2. can
You use can to indicate that someone has the ability or opportunity to do something.

- Don't worry yourself about me, I can take care of myself.

- I can't give you details because I don't actually have any details.

- Oh Stephen darling, how can I ever thank you for being so kind?.

- See if you can find Karlov and tell him we are ready for dinner.

- `You're needed here, Livy' --- `But what can I do?'.

- The United States will do whatever it can to help Greece.

- I cannot describe it, I can't find the words.

- Customers can choose from sixty hit titles before buying.

- You can't be with your baby all the time.

MODAL

3. can
You use cannot to indicate that someone is not able to do something because circumstances make it impossible for them to do it.

- People who can't afford to go to the theatre or concerts can afford to go to football matches.

- We cannot buy food, clothes and pay for rent and utilities on $20 a week.

- She cannot sleep and the pain is often so bad she wants to scream.

MODAL

4. can
You use can to indicate that something is true sometimes or is true in some circumstances.

- ...long-term therapy that can last five years or more...

- A vacant lot or a bombsite can, to the amateur naturalist, produce an extraordinary variety of flora and fauna.

- I've quite forgotten how closed in London can seem.

- Exercising alone can be boring.

- The speed at which we talk can also convey a great deal.

- Coral can be yellow, blue, or green.

MODAL

5. can
You use cannot and can't to state that you are certain that something is not the case or will not happen.

- From her knowledge of Douglas's habits, she feels sure that that person can't have been Douglas.

- Things can't be that bad.

- You can't be serious, Mrs Lorimer?

MODAL

6. can
You use can to indicate that someone is allowed to do something. You use cannot or can't to indicate that someone is not allowed to do something.

- You must buy the credit life insurance before you can buy the disability insurance.

- No-one can set up a waste disposal company unless they can show that they've got enough money and trained staff to do the job properly.

- Here, can I really have your jeans when you go?.

- We can't answer any questions, I'm afraid.

- I can't tell you what he said.

- You cannot ask for your money back before the agreed date.

- I'm on tablets and I can't drive.

MODAL

7. can
You use cannot or can't when you think it is very important that something should not happen or that someone should not do something.

- It is an intolerable situation and it can't be allowed to go on.

- The Commission can't demand from Sweden more than it demands from its own members.

MODAL emphasis
= mustn't

8. can
You use can , usually in questions, in order to make suggestions or to offer to do something.

- What can I do around here?.

- This old lady was struggling out of the train and I said, `Oh, can I help you?'.

- Hello John. What can we do for you?.

- You can always try the beer you know -- it's usually all right in this bar.

MODAL

9. can
You use can in questions in order to make polite requests. You use can't in questions in order to request strongly that someone does something.

- Can I have a look at that?.

- Can you please help?.

- Can you just lift the table for a second?.

- Can you fill in some of the details of your career?.

- Why can't you leave me alone?

MODAL politeness

10. can
You use can as a polite way of interrupting someone or of introducing what you are going to say next. (SPOKEN, FORMAL)

- Can I interrupt you just for a minute?.

- But if I can interrupt, Joe, I don't think anybody here is personally blaming you.

- Can I just ask something 'cos I'm really quite interested in this.

MODAL
= may

11. can
You use can with verbs such as `imagine', `think', and `believe' in order to emphasize how you feel about a particular situation. (SPOKEN; INFORMAL, WRITTEN)

- You can imagine he was terribly upset.

- You can't think how glad I was to see them all go.

- It's been an appallingly busy morning, I can't tell you.

- I can't understand why folks complain about false teeth.

MODAL emphasis

12. can
You use can in questions with `how' to indicate that you feel strongly about something. (SPOKEN)

- How can you complain about higher taxes?.

- How can millions of dollars go astray?.

- How can you say such a thing?.

- How can you expect me to believe your promises?

MODAL emphasis

can 2 container **

1. can ; cans
A can is a metal container in which something such as food, drink, or paint is put. The container is usually sealed to keep the contents fresh.

- Several young men were kicking a tin can along the middle of the road.

- ...empty beer cans.

- ...cans of paint and brushes.

N-COUNT
= tin

2. can ; cans canning canned
When food or drink is canned , it is put into a metal container and sealed so that it will remain fresh.

- ...fruits and vegetables that will be canned, skinned, diced or otherwise processed...

- It was always roast lamb and canned peas for Sunday lunch.

VB: usu passive
= tin

3. can
The can is the toilet. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-SING: the N

4. can ; cans canning canned
If you are canned , you are dismissed from your job. (AM, INFORMAL)

- The extremists prevailed, and the security minister was canned.

- When I got canned, I took these keys as souvenirs.

VB

5. can
If you have to carry the can , you have to take all the blame for something. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- We are a luxury restaurant and if people have a bad experience, we have to carry the can.

PHR: V inflects
= take the blame

6. can
If you say that something such as a job that you are doing is in the can , you mean that it is completely finished. (INFORMAL)

- With another day's work in the can, Philip is happy to leave the open countryside and head for his London flat.

PHR: v-link PHR

canned

canned
Canned music, laughter, or applause on a television or radio programme has been recorded beforehand and is added to the programme to make it sound as if there is a live audience.
ADJ: usu ADJ n
See also can .

Canadian

[D.J.:kəˈneɪdjən]

adj.

加拿大人的

加拿大的;加拿大语言的;加拿大文化的

n.

加拿大人

Canadian ****

1. Canadian
Canadian means belonging or relating to Canada, or to its people or culture.

- ...the Canadian government.

ADJ

2. Canadian Canadians
A Canadian is a Canadian citizen, or a person of Canadian origin.
N-COUNT

canal

[D.J.:kəˈnæl]

[K.K.:kəˈnæl]

n.

运河

管道

canal **

1. canal canals
A canal is a long, narrow stretch of water that has been made for boats to travel along or to bring water to a particular area.

- ...the Grand Union Canal.

- ...Venetian canals and bridges.

N-COUNT

2. canal canals
A canal is a narrow tube inside your body for carrying food, air, or other substances.

- ...delaying its progress through the alimentary canal.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

canal

noun

waterway

channel

conduit

duct

passage

watercourse

canal boat

canal boat canal boats
A canal boat is a long, narrow boat used for travelling on canals.
N-COUNT

canap´e

canap´e canap´es
Canap´es are small pieces of biscuit or toast with food such as meat, cheese, or pat´e on top. They are often served with drinks at parties.
N-COUNT: usu pl

canard

[D.J.:kəˈnɑ:d]

[K.K.:kəˈnɑrd]

n.

谣传,谎言

vi.

流传

canard

canard canards
A canard is an idea or a piece of information that is false, especially one that is spread deliberately in order to harm someone or their work.

- The charge that Harding was a political stooge may be a canard.

N-COUNT
= myth

canaries

[kəˈnɛəris]

n.

特高频噪声

canary

[D.J.:kəˈneəri:]

[K.K.:kəˈnɛri]

n.

<动>金丝雀

加那利白葡萄酒

(十六世纪流行于法国及西班牙的)加那利舞

淡黄色

<俚>告密者

<美俚>女歌手

canary *

canary canaries
Canaries are small yellow birds which sing beautifully and are often kept as pets.
N-COUNT

canary yellow

canary yellow
Something that is canary yellow is a light yellow in colour.

- ...a canary yellow Porsche.

COLOUR

can-can

can-can
The can-can is a dance in which women kick their legs in the air to fast music.

- ...the can-can girls in Paris's Moulin Rouge cabaret.

N-SING: oft the N

cancel

[D.J.:ˈkænsəl]

[K.K.:ˈkænsəl]

vt.

取消, 废除

注销, 盖销

删去, 划掉

cancellation

[D.J.:ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkænsəˈleʃən]

n.

取消,注销;作废,废除;删去,划掉

被取消的事物

<数>(相)约;(相)消

盖销记号；戳记

cancelled

已解约

cancelling

[ˈkænsəliŋ]

n.

取消,消除

cancel ***

1. cancel cancels cancelling cancelled
If you cancel something that has been arranged, you stop it from happening. If you cancel an order for goods or services, you tell the person or organization supplying them that you no longer wish to receive them.

- The Russian foreign minister yesterday cancelled his visit to Washington.

- Many trains have been cancelled and a limited service is operating on other lines.

- The Navy has decided to cancel its contract for the A-12 Stealth attack plane.

- There is normally no refund should a client choose to cancel.

VB (AM) canceling , canceled

2. cancellation cancellations

- Outbursts of violence forced the cancellation of Haiti's first free elections in 1987.

- ...passengers who suffer delays and cancellations on planes, trains, ferries and buses.

N-VAR: oft N of n

3. cancel cancels cancelling cancelled
If someone in authority cancels a document, an insurance policy, or a debt, they officially declare that it is no longer valid or no longer legally exists.

- He intends to try to leave the country, in spite of a government order cancelling his passport.

- She learned her insurance had been canceled by Pacific Mutual Insurance Company.

- Under the agreement, Britain will cancel hundreds of millions of pounds in debts owed to it by some of world's poorest countries.

VB (AM) canceling , canceled

4. cancellation

- ...a march by groups calling for cancellation of Third World debt.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

5. cancel cancels cancelling cancelled
To cancel a stamp or a cheque means to mark it to show that it has already been used and cannot be used again.

- The new device can also cancel the check after the transaction is complete.

- ...cancelled stamps.

VB (AM) canceling , canceled

cancel

verb

1.

call off

abolish

abort

annul

delete

do away with

eliminate

erase

expunge

obliterate

repeal

revoke

cancel out

2.

make up for

balance out

compensate for

counterbalance

neutralize

nullify

offset

cancellation

noun

abandonment

abolition

annulment

deletion

elimination

repeal

revocation

cancel out ***

cancel out cancels out; cancelling out; cancelled out
If one thing cancels out another thing, the two things have opposite effects, so that when they are combined no real effect is produced.

- He wonders if the different influences might not cancel each other out.

- The goal was cancelled out just before half-time by Craig McLurg.

PHR-V (AM) canceling , canceled

cancer

[D.J.:ˈkænsə]

[K.K.:ˈkænsɚ]

n.

癌

迅速蔓延的恶劣的或危险的事物

cancer ****

cancer cancers
Cancer is a serious disease in which cells in a person's body increase rapidly in an uncontrolled way, producing abnormal growths.

- Her mother died of breast cancer.

- Jane was just 25 when she learned she had cancer.

- Ninety per cent of lung cancers are caused by smoking.

N-VAR: oft n N

cancer

noun

growth

corruption

malignancy

pestilence

sickness

tumour

Cancer **

1. Cancer
Cancer is one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. Its symbol is a crab. People who are born between the 21st of June and the 22nd of July come under this sign.
N-UNCOUNT

2. Cancer Cancers
A Cancer is a person whose sign of the zodiac is Cancer.
N-COUNT

cancerous

[D.J.:ˈkænsərəs]

[K.K.:ˈkænsɚrəs]

adj.

癌的;像癌的;恶性肿瘤的

步步扩散的

cancerous *

cancerous
Cancerous cells or growths are cells or growths that are the result of cancer.

- The production of these cancerous cells suppresses the production of normal white blood cells.

- Nine out of ten lumps are not cancerous.

ADJ

candelabra

[D.J.:ˌkændiˈlɑ:brə]

[K.K.:ˌkændlˈɑbrə, -ˈæbrə, -ˈebrə]

n.

枝状大烛台

candelabrum

[D.J.:ˌkændiˈlɑ:brəm]

[K.K.:ˌkændlˈɑbrəm, -ˈæbrəm, -ˈebrəm]

n.

烛台, 烛架

candelabra

candelabra candelabras
A candelabra is an ornamental holder for two or more candles.
N-COUNT

candelabrum

candelabrum candelabra
A candelabrum is the same as a candelabra .
N-COUNT

candid

[D.J.:ˈkændɪd]

[K.K.:ˈkændɪd]

adj.

耿直的,坦率的,直率的

自然的,非故意摆出姿势的

公正的,不偏不倚的

(照片)乘人不备时拍的,偷拍的

<古>白的;纯洁的

candidly

adv.

耿直地,自然地,公正地

candidness

n.

耿直,自然,公正

candidly

adv.

率直地,坦白地

candid *

1. candid
When you are candid about something or with someone, you speak honestly.

- Nat is candid about the problems she is having with Steve.

- I haven't been completely candid with him.

- ...a candid interview.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n, ADJ with n
= frank ≠ guarded

2. candidly

- He has stopped taking heroin now, but admits candidly that he will always be a drug addict.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj/adv

3. candid
A candid photograph of someone is one that was taken when the person did not know they were being photographed.
ADJ: ADJ n

candid

adjective

honest

blunt

forthright

frank

open

outspoken

plain

straightforward

truthful

candidacy

[ˈkændidəsi]

n.

候选人的资格(或身份)

candidacy *

candidacy candidacies
Someone's candidacy is their position of being a candidate in an election.

- Today he is formally announcing his candidacy for President.

N-VAR: oft with poss
= candidature

candidate

[D.J.:ˈkændidit]

[K.K.:ˈkændɪˌdet, -dɪt]

n.

申请求职者, 候选人

报考者

candidate ****

1. candidate candidates
A candidate is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is running in an election or applying for a job.

- The Democratic candidate is still leading in the polls.

- He is a candidate for the office of Governor.

- We all spoke to them and John emerged as the best candidate.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

2. candidate candidates
A candidate is someone who is taking an examination. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

3. candidate candidates
A candidate is someone who is studying for a degree at a college. (AM)
N-COUNT

4. candidate candidates
A candidate is a person or thing that is regarded as being suitable for a particular purpose or as being likely to do or be a particular thing.

- I think Birmingham City are prime candidates for relegation next season.

- Those who are overweight or indulge in high-salt diets are candidates for hypertension.

N-COUNT: usu N for n

candidate

noun

contender

applicant

claimant

competitor

contestant

entrant

nominee

runner

candidature

[D.J.:ˈkændɪdɪtʃə]

[K.K.:ˈkændədətʃɚ]

n.

候选人身份，候选人资格

candidature

candidature candidatures
Candidature means the same as candidacy . (BRIT, FORMAL)
N-VAR: usu poss N

candied

[D.J.:ˈkændid]

[K.K.:ˈkændid]

adj.

(水果)糖渍的, 蜜饯的

candied

candied
Food such as candied fruit has been covered with sugar or has been cooked in sugar syrup.

- Cut up the candied fruit into small pieces.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

candle

[D.J.:ˈkændl]

[K.K.:ˈkændl]

n.

蜡烛

candle **

1. candle candles
A candle is a stick of hard wax with a piece of string called a wick through the middle. You light the wick in order to give a steady flame that provides light.

- The bedroom was lit by a single candle.

N-COUNT

2. candle
If you burn the candle at both ends , you try to do too many things in too short a period of time so that you have to stay up very late at night and get up very early in the morning to get them done.
PHR: V inflects

3. candle
If you say that one person or thing can't hold a candle to another, you meant that the first person or thing is not nearly as good as the second.

- Girls today can't hold a candle to the beauties of the Fifties.

PHR: V inflects

4. candle
If you say that the game is not worth the candle , you mean that something is not worth the trouble or effort needed to achieve or obtain it. (OLD-FASHIONED)
PHR: V inflects

candlelight

[D.J.:ˈkændlˌlaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkændl..ˌlaɪt]

n.

烛光

暗淡的人造光

掌灯时分,薄暮

candlelight

candlelight
Candlelight is the light that a candle produces.

- They dined by candlelight.

N-UNCOUNT

candlelit

candlelit
A candlelit room or table is lit by the light of candles.

- ...a candlelit dinner for two.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

candlestick

[D.J.:ˈkændlˌstɪk]

[K.K.:ˈkændl..ˌstɪk]

n.

烛台

candlestick *

candlestick candlesticks
A candlestick is a narrow object with a hole at the top which holds a candle.
N-COUNT

can-do

can-do
If you say that someone has a can-do attitude, you approve of them because they are confident and willing to deal with problems or new tasks, rather than complaining or giving up. (INFORMAL)

- He is known for his optimistic can-do attitude.

- America is once again being seen as a strong, can-do nation.

ADJ: ADJ n approval
= positive ≠ negative

candour

[D.J.:ˈkændə]

[K.K.:ˈkændɚ]

n.

坦率,爽直

公正,公平

candour

candour
Candour is the quality of speaking honestly and openly about things.

- ...a brash, forceful man, noted both for his candour and his quick temper.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) candor
= frankness ≠ guardedness

candour

noun

honesty

directness

forthrightness

frankness

openness

outspokenness

straightforwardness

truthfulness

candy

[D.J.:ˈkændi]

[K.K.:ˈkændi]

n.

结晶糖, 冰糖

〈美〉糖果, 巧克力

vt.

(用糖煮过以)保存

candy *

candy candies
Candy is sweet foods such as toffees or chocolate. (AM; in BRIT usually use sweets )

- ...a piece of candy...

- There was a large box of candies on a table nearby.

N-VAR

candy bar

candy bar candy bars
A candy bar is a long, thin, sweet food, usually covered in chocolate. (AM)
N-COUNT

candyfloss

n.

棉花糖

candyfloss

1. candyfloss
Candyfloss is a large pink or white mass of sugar threads that is eaten from a stick. It is sold at fairs or other outdoor events. (BRIT; in AM use cotton candy )
N-UNCOUNT also candy-floss .

2. candyfloss
If you think something such as a record or film has no real value, you can say that it is candyfloss . (BRIT)

- She took to writing candyfloss romances.

- Most of these songs have not aged well, especially candyfloss like De Do Do Do.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also candy-floss . disapproval

cane

[D.J.:kein]

[K.K.:ken]

n.

(藤、竹的)茎, 藤条, 芦秆

甘蔗

vt.

用苔杖打; 用藤(或竹等)编制(椅等)

caning

n.

鞭打

cane **

1. cane canes
Cane is used to refer to the long, hollow, hard stems of plants such as bamboo. Strips of cane are often used to make furniture, and some types of cane can be crushed and processed to make sugar.

- ...cane furniture.

- ...cane sugar...

- Bamboo produces an annual crop of cane.

- Dig out and burn infected canes.

N-VAR: oft N n

2. cane canes
A cane is a long thin stick with a curved or round top which you can use to support yourself when you are walking, or which in the past was fashionable to carry with you.

- He wore a grey suit and leaned heavily on his cane.

N-COUNT
= walking stick

3. cane canes
A cane is a long, thin, flexible stick which in the past was used to hit people, especially children at school, as a punishment.

- Until the 1980s some criminals were still flogged with a rattan cane as a punishment.

N-COUNT

4. cane
The cane is used to refer to the punishment of being hit with a cane.

- In school, you knew if you misbehaved you would get the cane.

N-SING: the N

5. cane canes caning caned
If a child is caned , he or she is hit with a cane as a punishment.

- In Wales in the same era, boys were caned for speaking Welsh in the playground.

- I have caned my son when necessary.

VB

6. cane canes
A cane is a tall, narrow stick, usually made of bamboo, which is used for supporting plants.
N-COUNT

canine

[D.J.:ˈkeɪnaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈkenaɪn]

adj.

犬的；狗的;似犬的

犬科的

犬齿的

n.

犬

犬齿, 犬牙

犬科动物

canines

尖牙

canine

1. canine
Canine means relating to dogs.

- ...research into canine diseases.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. canine canines
Canine teeth or canines are pointed teeth near the front of the mouth of humans and of some animals.
N-COUNT

canister

[D.J.:ˈkænistə]

[K.K.:ˈkænɪstɚ]

n.

(通常为金属的)小罐(装茶叶、咖啡等)

霰弹筒

canister *

1. canister canisters
A canister is a strong metal container. It is used to hold gases or chemical substances.

- Riot police hurled tear gas canisters and smoke bombs into the crowd.

- ...canisters of commercial fuel.

N-COUNT: usu n N

2. canister canisters
A canister is a metal, plastic, or china container with a lid. It is used for storing food such as sugar and flour.
N-COUNT

3. canister canisters
A canister is a flat round container. It is usually made of metal and is used to store photographic film.

- She bought a travel-bag large enough to contain the film canisters.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

canker

[D.J.:ˈkæŋkə]

[K.K.:ˈkæŋkɚ]

n.

(植物的)溃疡

(动物)耳溃疡

腐败的影响,腐蚀因素

vt.

使溃疡

腐蚀

vi.

受到腐蚀, 生黑腐病, 溃烂

cankerous

adj.

cankerous

[D.J.:ˈkæŋkərəs]

[K.K.:ˈkæŋkərəs]

adj.

溃疡的,使溃疡的,腐蚀的

canker

1. canker cankers
A canker is something evil that spreads and affects things or people. (FORMAL)

- As in Europe, the canker of anti-Semitism is growing again in America.

N-COUNT
= cancer

2. canker cankers
Canker is a disease which affects the wood of shrubs and trees, making the outer layer come away to expose the inside of the stem.

- In gardens, cankers are most prominent on apples and pear trees.

N-VAR

canker

noun

disease

bane

blight

cancer

corruption

infection

rot

scourge

sore

ulcer

cannabis

[D.J.:ˈkænəbis]

[K.K.:ˈkænəbɪs]

n.

大麻

大麻制品

cannabis *

cannabis
Cannabis is the hemp plant when it is used as a drug.
N-UNCOUNT
= dope pot

cannelloni

[D.J.:ˌkæniˈləuni]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnəˈloni]

n.

(意大利的)烤碎肉卷子

cannelloni

cannelloni
Cannelloni are large tube-shaped pieces of pasta that contain a filling of meat, cheese, or vegetables.
N-UNCOUNT

cannery

[D.J.:ˈkænəri:]

[K.K.:ˈkænəri]

n.

罐头食品厂

cannery

cannery canneries
A cannery is a factory where food is canned.
N-COUNT

cannibal

[D.J.:ˈkænəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈkænəbəl]

n.

吃人肉的人

同类相食的动物

cannibalistic

adj.

食人者的,同类相食的

cannibalistic

[ˌkænibəˈlistik]

adj.

食人肉的,同类相食的

cannibal *

cannibal cannibals
Cannibals are people who eat the flesh of other human beings.

- ...a tropical island inhabited by cannibals...

- Cannibal killer Jeffrey Dahmer has been caught trying to hide a razor blade in his cell.

N-COUNT

cannibalism

[D.J.:ˈkænɪbɵlɪzɵm]

n.

吃人肉;同类相食

cannibalism

cannibalism
If a group of people practise cannibalism , they eat the flesh of other people.

- They were forced to practise cannibalism in order to survive.

N-UNCOUNT

cannibalistic

cannibalistic
Cannibalistic people and practices are connected with cannibalism.

- ...lurid cannibalistic feasts.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

cannibalize

[D.J.:ˈkænibəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈkænəbəˌlaɪz]

v.

吃同类的肉,拆用…的配件,调拨…的人员 吃人肉,拆用配件,调拨人员

cannibalize

1. cannibalize cannibalizes cannibalizing cannibalized
If you cannibalize something, you take it to pieces and use it to make something else.

- They cannibalized damaged planes for the parts.

VB (BRIT) also cannibalise

2. cannibalize cannibalizes cannibalizing cannibalized
If one of a company's products cannibalizes the company's sales, people buy it instead of any of the company's other products.

- Coke then believed that selling a diet soda under the Coke label would cannibalize Coke's sales.

VB (BRIT) also cannibalise

cannon

[D.J.:ˈkænən]

[K.K.:ˈkænən]

n.

加农炮, 大炮, 火炮

vi.

与…猛撞

cannon **

1. cannon cannons
A cannon is a large gun, usually on wheels, which used to be used in battles.
N-COUNT

2. cannon cannons
A cannon is a heavy automatic gun, especially one that is fired from an aircraft.
N-COUNT

3. cannon cannons cannoning cannoned
If one person or thing cannons into another, they bump into them with great force.

- One of the reporters cannoned into Arnold.

- The ball cannoned off the back of a Spartak defender and into the net.

VB
= bump into

4. cannon
If someone is a loose cannon , they do whatever they want and nobody can predict what they are going to do.

- Max is a loose cannon politically.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
See also water cannon .

cannon

noun

gun

big gun

field gun

mortar

cannonade

[D.J.:kænəˈneid]

[K.K.:ˌkænəˈned]

n.

连续开炮,炮击

cannonade

cannonade cannonades
A cannonade is an intense continuous attack of gunfire.

- ...the distant thunder of a cannonade.

N-COUNT
= barrage

cannon ball

cannon ball cannon balls
A cannon ball is a heavy metal ball that is fired from a cannon.
N-COUNT also cannon-ball .

cannon fodder

cannon fodder
If someone in authority regards people they are in charge of as cannon fodder , they do not care if these people are harmed or lost in the course of their work.

- ...conscripts, who were just fed to the allied forces as cannon fodder...

- Many cynical managers see employees as cannon fodder.

N-UNCOUNT also cannon-fodder .

cannot

[D.J.:ˈkænɔt, kəˈnɔt, kæ-]

[K.K.:ˈkænɑt, kəˈnɑt, kæ-]

cannot

cannot
Cannot is the negative form of can .

cannily

[ˈkænili]

adv.

精明的,机灵地,用心地

canniness

[ˈkæninis]

n.

精明,机警

canny

[D.J.:ˈkæni:]

[K.K.:ˈkæni]

adj.

精明的，狡猾的

cannily

adv.

精明地

canniness

n.

精明

canny *

1. canny cannier canniest
A canny person is clever and able to think quickly. You can also describe a person's behaviour as canny .

- He was far too canny to risk giving himself away.

- A canny investor would need to predict when the dollar will once more start tumbling.

- Some analysts believe he has made a canny political manoeuvre.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= shrewd

2. cannily

- She built up her fortune by cannily playing the stock market.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

canny

adjective

shrewd

astute

careful

cautious

clever

judicious

prudent

wise

canoe

[D.J.:kəˈnu:]

[K.K.:kəˈnu]

n.

小而轻的舟, 独木舟

canoe *

canoe canoes
A canoe is a small, narrow boat that you move through the water using a stick with a wide end called a paddle.
N-COUNT

canoeing

n.

划独木舟,玩独木舟

canoeing

canoeing
Canoeing is the sport of using and racing a canoe.

- They went canoeing in the wilds of Canada.

N-UNCOUNT

canoeist

n.

划独木舟的人

canoeist

canoeist canoeists
A canoeist is someone who is skilled at racing and performing tests of skill in a canoe.
N-COUNT

canon

[D.J.:ˈkænən]

[K.K.:ˈkænən]

n.

总的规则、标准或原则

真经;正经

(某作家的)真作

(在大教堂任职的)教士

canon *

1. canon canons
A canon is a member of the clergy who is on the staff of a cathedral.
N-COUNT

2. canon canons
A canon is a general rule or principle. (FORMAL)

- The very first canon of nursing is to keep the air inside as fresh as the air outside.

N-COUNT
= rule

canon

noun

1.

rule

criterion

dictate

formula

precept

principle

regulation

standard

statute

yardstick

2.

list

catalogue

roll

canonical

[D.J.:kəˈnɔnɪkəl]

[K.K.:kəˈnɑnɪkəl]

adj.

按照教规的

见于《圣经》正经篇目的

权威的,公认的

大教堂教士的,牧师的

n.

(教规所定)教士(或牧师)礼拜时穿的法衣

canonical

canonical
If something has canonical status, it is accepted as having all the qualities that a thing of its kind should have.

- Without these experts, the auctioneers `Sotheby's' and `Christie's' could never have assumed the canonical quality they hold in the minds of the public.

ADJ: ADJ n

canonization

n.

追封为圣者,承认为圣典

canonize

[D.J.:ˈkænəˌnaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈkænəˌnaɪz]

vt.

正式宣布(某人)为圣徒

canonization

n.

正式宣布为圣徒

canonize

1. canonize canonizes canonizing canonized
If a dead person is canonized , it is officially announced by the Catholic Church that he or she is a saint.

- Joan of Arc was finally canonized by Pope Benedict XV in 1920.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also canonise

2. canonization

- ...a celebration of the saint's canonization.

N-UNCOUNT

canon law

canon law
Canon law is the law of the Christian church. It has authority only for that church and its members.

- The Church's canon law forbids remarriage of divorced persons.

N-UNCOUNT

canoodle

[D.J.:kəˈnu:dl]

[K.K.:kəˈnudl]

v.

爱抚,抚爱,吻,搂颈亲热，爱抚而说服

canoodle

canoodle canoodles canoodling canoodled
If two people are canoodling , they are kissing and holding each other a lot. (mainly OLD-FASHIONED)

- Inside, girls are canoodling with their boyfriends in dark corners.

V-RECIP

can opener

can opener can openers
A can opener is the same as a tin opener .
N-COUNT

canopied

[ˈkænəpid]

adj.

遮有天篷的,有罩盖的

canopied

canopied
A canopied building or piece of furniture is covered with a roof or a piece of material supported by poles.

- ...a canopied Elizabethan bed.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

canopy

[D.J.:ˈkænəpi:]

[K.K.:ˈkænəpi]

n.

(宝座或床等上面的)华盖,罩篷

(飞行器上的)座舱罩

任何悬于上空的覆盖物

canopy *

1. canopy canopies
A canopy is a decorated cover, often made of cloth, which is placed above something such as a bed or a seat.
N-COUNT

2. canopy canopies
A canopy is a layer of something that spreads out and covers an area, for example the branches and leaves that spread out at the top of trees in a forest.

- The trees formed such a dense canopy that all beneath was a deep carpet of pine-needles.

N-COUNT: usu sing

canopy

noun

awning

covering

shade

sunshade

cant

[D.J.:kænt]

[K.K.:kænt]

n.

(下层社会的)黑话,切口

(同行业的)行话,术语

(叫化子的)哀号,单调的哼声

言不由衷的话,伪善的言词

(宗教的)套话

斜面;斜坡;斜边

(建筑物等的)外角,角落

倾斜;倾覆

导致倾斜(或倾覆)的震动

vi.

使用黑话(或行话等)

说言不由衷的话;伪善地说教

倾斜;倾覆

斜穿,斜过

vt.

使具有斜面,斜切

使倾斜,使倾覆

将…斜掷出去;猛扔

adj.

黑话的;行话的

言不由衷的,伪善的

有斜面的;有角的

斜穿的

cant

cant
If you refer to moral or religious statements as cant , you are criticizing them because you think the person making them does not really believe what they are saying.

- ...politicians holding forth with their usual hypocritical cant.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

cant

noun

1.

hypocrisy

humbug

insincerity

lip service

pretence

pretentiousness

sanctimoniousness

2.

jargon

argot

lingo

patter

slang

vernacular

cant

verb

tilt

angle

bevel

incline

rise

slant

slope

can't

[D.J.:kɑ:nt]

[K.K.:kænt]

v.

不能,不会

can't

can't
Can't is the usual spoken form of cannot .

cantaloupe

[D.J.:ˈkæntəlu:p]

[K.K.:ˈkæntlˌop]

n.

罗马甜瓜,香瓜,哈密瓜

cantaloupe

cantaloupe cantaloupes
A cantaloupe is a type of melon .
N-COUNT also cantaloup .

cantankerous

[D.J.:kænˈtæŋkərəs]

[K.K.:kænˈtæŋkərəs]

adj.

脾气不好的,爱争吵的

cantankerously

adv.

cantankerousness

n.

cantankerous

cantankerous
Someone who is cantankerous is always finding things to argue or complain about. (WRITTEN)

- ...a cantankerous old man.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

cantankerous

adjective

bad-tempered

choleric

contrary

disagreeable

grumpy

irascible

irritable

testy

waspish

cantata

[D.J.:kənˈtɑ:tə]

[K.K.:kənˈtɑtə]

n.

大合唱

cantata

cantata cantatas
A cantata is a fairly short musical work for singers and instruments.
N-COUNT

canteen

[D.J.:kænˈti:n]

[K.K.:kænˈtin]

n.

小卖部, 食堂

水壶, 水罐

canteen *

1. canteen canteens
A canteen is a place in a factory, shop, or college where meals are served to the people who work or study there.

- Rennie had eaten his tea in the canteen.

- ...a school canteen.

- ...canteen food.

N-COUNT
= cafeteria

2. canteen canteens
A canteen is a small plastic bottle for carrying water and other drinks. Canteens are used by soldiers.

- ...a full canteen of water.

N-COUNT
= water bottle

3. canteen canteens
A canteen of cutlery is a set of knives, forks, and spoons in a specially designed box.
N-COUNT: usu N of n

canter

[D.J.:ˈkæntə]

[K.K.:ˈkæntɚ]

n.

(指马)慢跑,小跑

骑马慢跑

vt. & vi.

(使马)慢跑

canter *

1. canter canters cantering cantered
When a horse canters , it moves at a speed that is slower than a gallop but faster than a trot.

- The competitors cantered into the arena to conclude the closing ceremony.

VB

2. canter canters
Also a noun.

- Carnac set off at a canter.

N-COUNT: usu sing

canter

noun

1.

jog

amble

dogtrot

lope

verb

2.

jog

amble

lope

cantilever

[D.J.:ˈkæntili:və]

[K.K.:ˈkæntlˌivɚ, -ˌɛvɚ]

n.

悬臂

cantilever

cantilever cantilevers
A cantilever is a long piece of metal or wood used in a structure such as a bridge. One end is fastened to something and the other end is used to support part of the structure.

- ...the old steel cantilever bridge.

N-COUNT

cantilevered

cantilevered
A cantilevered structure is constructed using cantilevers.

- ...a cantilevered balcony.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

canton

[D.J.:ˈkæntɔn]

[K.K.:ˈkæntən, -ˌtɑn]

n.

州,行政区(尤指瑞士的州,法国的区)

vt.

驻扎,划成行政区

canton *

canton cantons
A canton is a political or administrative region in some countries, for example Switzerland.

- ...the Swiss canton of Berne.

N-COUNT

Cantonese

[D.J.:ˌkæntəˈni:z]

[K.K.:ˌkæntəˈniz, -ˈnis]

n.

广东人,广东话

Cantonese

1. Cantonese
Cantonese means belonging or relating to the Chinese provinces of Canton and Kwangtung.
ADJ Cantonese is both the singular and the plural form

2. Cantonese
The Cantonese are the people who live in or come from the Chinese provinces of Canton and Kwangtung.
N-COUNT: usu pl Cantonese is both the singular and the plural form

3. Cantonese
Cantonese is the language spoken in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Kwansai, and Hong Kong, as well as in other parts of the world.
N-UNCOUNT Cantonese is both the singular and the plural form

cantonment

[D.J.:kænˈtu:nmənt]

[K.K.:kænˈtonmənt, -ˈtɑn-]

n.

宿营地,(临时性的)军营,兵营,(印度的)兵站

cantonment

cantonment cantonments
A cantonment is a group of buildings or a camp where soldiers live.
N-COUNT

canvas

[D.J.:ˈkænvəs]

[K.K.:ˈkænvəs]

n.

帆布

油画(布)

canvas **

1. canvas
Canvas is a strong, heavy cloth that is used for making things such as tents, sails, and bags.

- ...a canvas bag.

N-UNCOUNT

2. canvas canvases
A canvas is a piece of canvas or similar material on which an oil painting can be done.
N-VAR

3. canvas canvases
A canvas is a painting that has been done on canvas.

- The show includes canvases by masters like Carpaccio, Canaletto and Guardi.

N-COUNT
= painting picture

4. canvas
If you are living and sleeping under canvas , you are living and sleeping in a tent.

- Campsites in the New Forest quickly filled up as thousands decided to spend the holiday under canvas.

PHR: PHR after v, n PHR

canvass

[D.J.:ˈkænvəs]

[K.K.:ˈkænvəs]

vt. & vi.

(在政治方面)游说

调查(如选举前选民的)意见

为讨论而提出(意见等)；详细检查, 考查

canvasser

n.

检票员;游说者;推销员

canvasser

[D.J.:ˈkænvəsə]

[K.K.:ˈkænvəsɚ]

n.

游说者;募捐者

兜揽生意的人

<美>点票人

canvass *

1. canvass canvasses canvassing canvassed
If you canvass for a particular person or political party, you go around an area trying to persuade people to vote for that person or party.

- I'm canvassing for the Conservative Party.

VB

2. canvasser canvassers

- ...a Conservative canvasser.

N-COUNT

3. canvass canvasses canvassing canvassed
If you canvass public opinion, you find out how people feel about a particular subject.

- Members of Parliament are spending the weekend canvassing opinion in their constituencies.

- The poll canvassed the views of almost eighty economists.

VB

canvass

verb

1.

campaign

electioneer

solicit

solicit votes

2.

poll

examine

inspect

investigate

scrutinize

study

noun

3.

poll

examination

investigation

scrutiny

survey

tally

canyon

[D.J.:ˈkænjən]

[K.K.:ˈkænjən]

n.

峡谷

canyon *

canyon canyons
A canyon is a long, narrow valley with very steep sides.

- ...the Grand Canyon.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

cap

[D.J.:kæp]

[K.K.:kæp]

n.

便帽; 帽子

保护盖[套]

vt.

覆盖, 笼罩

胜过, 超过

capping

[ˈkæpiŋ]

n.

〈美〉①(拍卖时)使用假买手诱骗哄抬②帽化

cap ***

1. cap caps
A cap is a soft, flat hat with a curved part at the front which is called a peak. Caps are usually worn by men and boys.

- ...a dark blue baseball cap.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

2. cap caps
A cap is a special hat which is worn as part of a uniform.

- ...a frontier guard in olive-grey uniform and a peaked cap.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

3. cap caps
If a sports player represents their country in a team game such as football, rugby, or cricket, you can say that they have been awarded a cap . (BRIT)

- Mark Davis will win his first cap for Wales in Sunday's Test match against Australia.

N-COUNT

4. cap caps capping capped
If a sports player is capped , they are chosen to represent their country in a team game such as football, rugby, or cricket. (BRIT)

- Rees, 32, has been capped for England 23 times.

- ...Underwood, England's most capped rugby union player.

VB: usu passive

5. cap caps
You can refer to someone who is representing their country for the first time in a team game such as football, rugby, or cricket, as a new cap . (BRIT)

- The only new cap is Llanelli's 20-year-old left-wing Wayne Proctor.

N-COUNT: adj N

6. cap caps capping capped
If the government caps an organization, council, or budget, it limits the amount of money that the organization or council is allowed to spend, or limits the size of the budget.

- The Secretary of State for Environment has the power to cap councils which in his opinion plan to spend excessively.

- Nearly half of all local councils face being capped.

VB

7. capping

- Between 70 and 80 councils face significant spending cuts or capping next year.

N-UNCOUNT

8. cap caps
The cap of a bottle is its lid.

- She unscrewed the cap of her water bottle and gave him a drink.

N-COUNT

9. cap caps
A cap is a circular rubber device that a woman places inside her vagina to prevent herself from becoming pregnant. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

10. cap caps capping capped
If you cap one thing with another, you put the other thing on top.

- They had capped the roof with plywood.

- ...homemade scones capped with cream.

VB
See also snow-capped .

11. cap caps capping capped
If someone says that a good or bad event caps a series of events, they mean it is the final event in the series, and the other events were also good or bad. (JOURNALISM)

- The unrest capped a weekend of right-wing attacks on foreigners.

VB

12. cap caps capping capped
If someone's teeth are capped , covers are fixed over them so that they look better.

- He suddenly smiled, revealing teeth that had recently been capped.

- I had my teeth capped.

VB: usu passive

13. cap caps
A cap is a small amount of explosive that is wrapped in paper. Caps are often used in toy guns.
N-COUNT

14. cap
If you go cap in hand to someone, you ask them very humbly to give you something or to do something for you. (INFORMAL)

- He has been given the unenviable task of going round, cap in hand, to various generous companies.

PHR: PHR after v

cap

verb Informal

beat

better

crown

eclipse

exceed

outdo

outstrip

surpass

top

transcend

capability

[D.J.:ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌkepəˈbɪlɪti]

n.

能做某事的素质;能力

尚未发挥的天资或素质

capability **

1. capability capabilities
If you have the capability or the capabilities to do something, you have the ability or the qualities that are necessary to do it.

- People experience differences in physical and mental capability depending on the time of day.

- The standards set four years ago in Seoul will be far below the athletes' capabilities now.

N-VAR: with supp, oft adj N, N to-inf
= ability

2. capability capabilities
A country's military capability is its ability to fight in a war.

- Their military capability has gone down because their air force has proved not to be an effective force.

- They have the capability to destroy the enemy in days rather than weeks.

N-VAR: with supp, usu adj N, N to-inf

capability

noun

ability

capacity

competence

means

potential

power

proficiency

qualification(s)

wherewithal

capable

[D.J.:ˈkeipəbl]

[K.K.:ˈkepəbəl]

adj.

有能力的, 有技能的

capably

adv.

能干地

capable ***

1. capable
If a person or thing is capable of doing something, they have the ability to do it.

- He appeared hardly capable of conducting a coherent conversation.

- The kitchen is capable of catering for several hundred people.

- I had no hesitation in calling the police because I realised he was capable of murder.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of -ing/n
≠ incapable

2. capable
Someone who is capable has the skill or qualities necessary to do a particular thing well, or is able to do most things well.

- She's a very capable speaker.

- Her husband was such a fine, capable man.

ADJ-GRADED
= competent adept

3. capably

- Happily it was all dealt with very capably by the police and security people.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= competently

capable

adjective

able

accomplished

competent

efficient

gifted

proficient

qualified

talented

capacious

[D.J.:kəˈpeɪʃəs]

[K.K.:kəˈpeʃəs]

adj.

宽敞的；气度宏大的

capaciousness

n.

capacious

capacious
Something that is capacious has a lot of space to put things in. (FORMAL)

- ...her capacious handbag.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

capacious

adjective

spacious

broad

commodious

expansive

extensive

roomy

sizable or sizeable

substantial

vast

voluminous

wide

capacitor

[D.J.:kəˈpæsɪtə]

[K.K.:kəˈpæsɪtɚ]

n.

电容器; 电容

capacitor

capacitor capacitors
A capacitor is a device for accumulating electric charge.
N-COUNT

capacity

[D.J.:kəˈpæsiti]

[K.K.:kəˈpæsɪti]

n.

容量, 容积

才能, 能力

身份, 职位

capacity ***

1. capacity capacities
Your capacity for something is your ability to do it, or the amount of it that you are able to do.

- Our capacity for giving care, love and attention is limited.

- Her mental capacity and temperament are as remarkable as his.

- ...people's creative capacities.

N-VAR: oft with poss, N for n/-ing, N to-inf

2. capacity
The capacity of something such as a factory, industry, or region is the quantity of things that it can produce or deliver with the equipment or resources that are available.

- ...the amount of spare capacity in the economy...

- Bread factories are working at full capacity.

- The region is valued for its coal and vast electricity-generating capacity.

- Britain must still keep the nuclear and conventional capacity to deal with all conceivable threats.

N-UNCOUNT

3. capacity capacities
The capacity of a piece of equipment is its size or power, often measured in particular units.

- ...an aircraft with a bomb-carrying capacity of 454 kg.

- ...a feature which gave the vehicles a much greater fuel capacity than other trucks.

N-COUNT

4. capacity capacities
The capacity of a container is its volume, or the amount of liquid it can hold, measured in units such as litres or gallons.

- ...the fuel tanks, which had a capacity of 140 litres...

- Grease 6 ramekin dishes of 150 ml (5-6 fl oz) capacity.

N-VAR

5. capacity
The capacity of a building, place, or vehicle is the number of people or things that it can hold. If a place is filled to capacity , it is as full as it can possibly be.

- Each stadium had a seating capacity of about 50,000.

- Toronto hospital maternity wards were filled to capacity.

N-SING: also no det, oft to N

6. capacity
A capacity crowd or audience completely fills a theatre, sports stadium, or other place.

- A capacity crowd of 76,000 people was at Wembley football stadium for the event.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. capacity capacities
If you do something in a particular capacity , you do it as part of a particular job or duty, or because you are representing a particular organization or person. (WRITTEN)

- Ms Halliwell visited the Philippines in her capacity as a Special Representative of Unicef.

- This article is written in a personal capacity.

- Since 1928, Major Thomas has served the club in many capacities.

N-COUNT: with supp, in N, oft poss N as n

capacity

noun

1.

size

amplitude

compass

dimensions

extent

magnitude

range

room

scope

space

volume

2.

ability

aptitude

aptness

capability

competence

facility

genius

gift

3.

function

office

position

post

province

role

sphere

cape

[D.J.:keip]

[K.K.:kep]

n.

斗篷, 披肩

海角, 岬

capes

[keips]

n.

碎谷

cape **

1. cape capes
A cape is a large piece of land that sticks out into the sea from the coast.

- In 1978, Naomi James became the first woman to sail solo around the world via Cape Horn.

N-COUNT: oft in names

2. cape capes
A cape is a short cloak .

- ...a woollen cape.

N-COUNT

cape

noun

headland

head

peninsula

point

promontory

caper

[D.J.:ˈkeɪpə]

[K.K.:ˈkepɚ]

vi.

跳跃,雀跃

n.

跳跃,雀跃

开玩笑

<俚>不法行为

刺山柑

(腌制的)刺山果花蕾

cut a caper

雀跃;愚蠢地行事;开玩笑

caper *

1. caper capers
Capers are the small green buds of caper plants. They are usually sold preserved in vinegar.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. caper capers capering capered
If you caper about, you run and jump around because you are happy or excited.

- They were capering about, shouting and laughing.

- Painted musicians capered behind gorgeous banners.

VB
= cavort

3. caper capers
A dishonest or illegal activity can be referred to as a caper . (INFORMAL)

- She served six months in prison for the helicopter caper.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

4. caper capers
Activities or behaviour that are not at all serious can be referred to as capers . (INFORMAL)

- Jack would have nothing to do with such capers.

- What a mess we were in at the end of this caper -- hair, eyes, cheeks and neck covered in treacle.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

caper

noun

1.

escapade

antic

high jinks

jape

lark informal

mischief

practical joke

prank

stunt

verb

2.

dance

bound

cavort

frolic

gambol

jump

skip

spring

trip

capillary

[D.J.:ˈkæpəˌleri:]

[K.K.:ˈkæpəˌlɛri]

n.

毛细管;毛细血管

capillary attraction

capillary *

capillary capillaries
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels in your body.
N-COUNT

capital

[D.J.:ˈkæpitl]

[K.K.:ˈkæpɪtl]

n.

首都, 首府

资本, 资金

大写字母

adj.

资本的, 与资本有关的

主要的

极好的

大写的

可处死刑的

capital *****

1. capital
Capital is a large sum of money which you use to start a business, or which you invest in order to make more money.

- Companies are having difficulty in raising capital.

- A large amount of capital is invested in all these branches.

N-UNCOUNT

2. capital
You can use capital to refer to buildings or machinery which are necessary to produce goods or to make companies more efficient, but which do not make money directly.

- ...capital equipment that could have served to increase production.

- ...capital investment.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

3. capital
Capital is the part of an amount of money borrowed or invested which does not include interest.

- With a conventional repayment mortgage, the repayments consist of both capital and interest.

N-UNCOUNT
= principal

4. capital capitals
The capital of a country is the city or town where its government or parliament meets.

- ...Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing, oft N of n

5. capital capitals
If a place is the capital of a particular industry or activity, it is the place that is most famous for it, because it happens in that place more than anywhere else.

- Colmar has long been considered the capital of the wine trade.

- ...New York, the fashion capital of the world.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing, with supp

6. capital capitals
Capitals or capital letters are written or printed letters in the form which is used at the beginning of sentences or names. `T', `B', and `F' are capitals.

- The name and address are written in capitals.

N-COUNT

7. capital
A capital offence is one that is so serious that the person who commits it can be punished by death.

- Espionage is a capital offence in this country.

- ...Americans wrongly convicted of capital crimes.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. capital capitals
A capital is the top part of a stone column, which is sometimes decorated with stone leaves or other patterns. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT
≠ base

9. capital
If you say that someone is making capital out of a situation, you disapprove of the way they are gaining an advantage for themselves through other people's efforts or bad luck. (FORMAL)

- He rebuked the President for trying to make political capital out of the hostage situation.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n disapproval
= cash in on

10. capital
You can use phrases such as `Life with a capital L', to emphasize that a word has a particular significance in the situation you are talking about. (INFORMAL)

- She's not feminist with a capital F but she's fairly controversial.

PHR: n PHR n emphasis

capital

noun

1.

money

assets

cash

finances

funds

investment(s)

means

principal

resources

wealth

wherewithal

adjective

2.

principal

cardinal

major

prime

vital

3.

first-rate

excellent

fine

splendid

sterling

superb

capital gains **

capital gains
Capital gains are the profits that you make when you buy something and then sell it again at a higher price.

- He called for the reform of capital gains tax.

N-PLURAL

capital goods

capital goods
Capital goods are used to make other products. Compare consumer goods .
N-PLURAL

capital-intensive

[D.J.:ˌkæpɪtlɪnˈtensɪv]

[K.K.:ˌkæpɪtlɪnˈtɛnsɪv]

资金密集型

capital-intensive

capital-intensive
Capital-intensive industries and businesses need the investment of large sums of money. Compare labour-intensive .
ADJ

capitalism

[D.J.:ˈkæpitəlizəm]

[K.K.:ˈkæpɪtlˌɪzəm]

n.

资本主义(制度)

资本(或财富)的拥有

资本(私人占有和生产盈利)的支配地位

capitalism **

capitalism
Capitalism is an economic and political system in which property, business, and industry are owned by private individuals and not by the state.

- ...the two fundamentally opposed social systems, capitalism and socialism.

N-UNCOUNT

capitalism

noun Old-fashioned

private enterprise

free enterprise

laissez faire or laisser faire

private ownership

capitalist

[D.J.:ˈkæpɪtlɪst]

[K.K.:ˈkæpɪtlɪst]

n.

资本家

资本主义者

有钱人,富翁

adj.

资本主义的

资本家的;拥有资本的

capitalist **

1. capitalist
A capitalist country or system supports or is based on the principles of capitalism.

- China has pledged to retain Hong Kong's capitalist system for 50 years.

- ...capitalist economic theory.

ADJ

2. capitalist capitalists
A capitalist is someone who believes in and supports the principles of capitalism.

- Lenin had hoped to even have a working relationship with the capitalists.

N-COUNT

3. capitalist capitalists
A capitalist is someone who owns a business which they run in order to make a profit for themselves.

- They argue that only private capitalists can remake Poland's economy.

N-COUNT
= entrepreneur

capitalistic

[D.J.:ˌkæpitəˈlistik]

[K.K.:ˌkæpɪtlˈɪstɪk]

adj.

资本主义的,资本家的

capitalistic

capitalistic
Capitalistic means supporting or based on the principles of capitalism.

- ...the forces of capitalistic greed.

- ...capitalistic economic growth.

ADJ: ADJ n

capitalization

[D.J.:kəpitəlaiˈzeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkæpɪtlɪˈzeʃən]

n.

资本化,股本,资本总额,大写

capitalize

[D.J.:ˈkæpɪtlˌaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈkæpɪtl..ˌaɪz]

vt.

用大写字母写或印刷

将(某事物)转作资本、用作资本或资本化

capitalize on

充分利用某事物,从某事物中获利

capitalization

n.

资本化

capitalize *

1. capitalize capitalizes capitalizing capitalized
If you capitalize on a situation, you use it to gain some advantage for yourself.

- The rebels seem to be trying to capitalize on the public's discontent with the government.

VB (BRIT) also capitalise
= take advantage of

2. capitalize capitalizes capitalizing capitalized
In business, if you capitalize something that belongs to you, you sell it in order to make money. (TECHNICAL)

- Our intention is to capitalize the company by any means we can.

- The company will be capitalized at £2 million.

VB (BRIT) also capitalise

3. capitalization

- ...a massive capitalization programme.

N-UNCOUNT

capital letter

capital letter capital letters
Capital letters are the same as capital s.
N-COUNT

capital punishment *

capital punishment
Capital punishment is punishment which involves the legal killing of a person who has committed a serious crime such as murder.

- Most democracies have abolished capital punishment.

N-UNCOUNT
= the death penalty

capitulate

[D.J.:kəˈpɪtʃəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:kəˈpɪtʃəˌlet]

vi.

投降

capitulation

[D.J.:kəˌpɪtʃəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:kəˌpɪtʃəˈleʃən]

n.

(有条件的)投降，屈服

概要,摘要

协议;一系列条款

capitulate *

1. capitulate capitulates capitulating capitulated
If you capitulate , you stop resisting and do what someone else wants you to do.

- The club eventually capitulated and now grants equal rights to women.

- In less than two hours Cohen capitulated to virtually every demand.

VB
= submit yield

2. capitulation

- They criticised the government decision as a capitulation to terrorist organisations.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N
= submission

capitulate

verb

give in

come to terms

give up

relent

submit

succumb

surrender

yield

capon

[D.J.:ˈkeipən]

[K.K.:ˈkeˌpɑn, -pən]

n.

阉(公)鸡(尤指养肥供食用的)

capon

capon capons
A capon is a male chicken that has had its sex organs removed and has been specially fattened up to be eaten.
N-COUNT

cappuccino

[kæpuˈtʃi:nəu]

n.

热牛奶咖啡

cappuccino

1. cappuccino
Cappuccino is coffee which is made using milk and has froth and sometimes powdered chocolate on top.
N-UNCOUNT

2. cappuccino cappuccinos
A cappuccino is a cup of cappuccino.
N-COUNT

caprice

[D.J.:kəˈpri:s]

[K.K.:kəˈpris]

n.

反复无常，任性的想法

随想曲,充满幻想力的作品

caprice

caprice caprices
A caprice is an unexpected action or decision which has no strong reason or purpose. (FORMAL)

- Her life was spent in terror of her husband's sudden caprices and moods.

N-VAR
= whim impulse

caprice

noun

whim

fad

fancy

fickleness

impulse

inconstancy

notion

whimsy

capricious

[D.J.:kəˈprɪʃəs, -ˈpri:ʃəs]

[K.K.:kəˈprɪʃəs, -ˈpriʃəs]

adj.

无定见的,变幻莫测的

capriciously

adv.

capriciousness

n.

capriciously

adv.

任性地,善变地

capricious

1. capricious
Someone who is capricious often changes their mind unexpectedly.

- Gerald found that his wife was easily bored, capricious and unpredictable.

- ...capricious and often brutal leaders.

ADJ-GRADED
= impulsive mercurial

2. capriciousness

- Lady racehorse owners have a reputation for capriciousness.

N-UNCOUNT
= impulsiveness

3. capricious
Something that is capricious often changes unexpectedly. (LITERARY)

- Both sides were troubled throughout by a capricious wind.

- ...a theatre with notoriously capricious acoustics.

ADJ-GRADED
= unpredictable ≠ dependable

4. capriciousness

- Pat stuck it out, despite the capriciousness and inhospitality of the English weather.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n
= unpredictability

capricious

adjective

unpredictable

changeful

erratic

fickle

fitful

impulsive

inconsistent

inconstant

mercurial

variable

wayward

whimsical

Capricorn

[D.J.:ˈkæprikɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈkæprɪˌkɔrn]

n.

摩羯宫,摩羯(星)座

Capricorn **

1. Capricorn
Capricorn is one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. Its symbol is a goat. People who are born approximately between the 22nd of December and the 19th of January come under this sign.
N-UNCOUNT

2. Capricorn Capricorns
A Capricorn is a person whose sign of the zodiac is Capricorn.
N-COUNT

capsicum

[D.J.:ˈkæpsikəm]

[K.K.:ˈkæpsɪkəm]

n.

辣椒属植物

柿子椒, 灯笼椒

capsicum

capsicum capsicums
Capsicums are peppers .
N-VAR
= pepper

capsize

[D.J.:ˈkæpˌsaɪz, kæpˈsaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈkæpˌsaɪz, kæpˈsaɪz]

vt. & vi.

(使船)翻,倾覆

capsizing

n.

(船)翻覆；公司裁员瘦身到无法正常运作的情况

capsize *

capsize capsizes capsizing capsized
If you capsize a boat or if it capsizes , it turns upside down in the water.

- The sea got very rough and the boat capsized.

- I didn't count on his capsizing the raft.

V-ERG
= overturn

capsize

verb

overturn

invert

keel over

tip over

turn over

turn turtle

upset

capstan

[D.J.:ˈkæpstən]

[K.K.:ˈkæpstən, -ˌstæn]

n.

绞盘,起锚机

capstan

capstan capstans
A capstan is a machine consisting of a drum that turns round and pulls in a heavy rope or something attached to a rope, for example an anchor.
N-COUNT

capsule

[D.J.:ˈkæpsju:l]

[K.K.:ˈkæpsəl, -sul]

n.

胶囊

航天舱, 密封舱

capsule *

1. capsule capsules
A capsule is a very small tube containing powdered or liquid medicine, which you swallow.

- ...cod liver oil capsules...

- You can also take red ginseng in convenient tablet or capsule form.

N-COUNT

2. capsule capsules
A capsule is a small container with a drug or other substance inside it, which is used for medical or scientific purposes.

- They first implanted capsules into the animals' brains.

- The clear capsules start dissolving as soon as they are immersed in the lake.

N-COUNT

3. capsule capsules
In some plants, a capsule is a part which forms a case or container for seeds, fruit, or spores. (TECHNICAL)

- ...a large shiny brown nut, enclosed in a large spiny seed capsule.

N-COUNT: oft n N
= case

4. capsule capsules
A space capsule is the part of a spacecraft in which people travel, and which often separates from the main rocket.

- A Russian space capsule is currently orbiting the Earth.

N-COUNT

capsule

noun

1.

pill

lozenge

tablet

2.

pod

case

receptacle

seed case

sheath

shell

vessel

Capt.

n.

陆军上尉,海军上校

Capt. **

Capt.
Capt. is a written abbreviation for captain .

- Capt. Hunt asked which engine was on fire.

N-TITLE

captain

[D.J.:ˈkæptin]

[K.K.:ˈkæptən]

n.

船长, 机长

上尉, 队长, 首领

captain ****

1. captain
In the army, navy, and some other armed forces, a captain is an officer of middle rank.

- ...Captain Mark Phillips.

- ...a captain in the British army...

- Are all your MC-130s in place, Captain?

N-TITLE; N-COUNT; N-VOC

2. captain captains
The captain of a sports team is the player in charge of it.

- ...Mickey Thomas, the captain of Wrexham football club.

- ...Bob Willis, the former England cricket captain.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, n N
= skipper

3. captain captains
The captain of a ship is the sailor in charge of it.

- ...the captain of an excursion boat.

- ...a beefy German sea captain.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= skipper

4. captain
The captain of an aeroplane is the pilot in charge of it.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

5. captain
In the United States and some other countries, a captain is a police officer or fireman of fairly senior rank.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

6. captain captains captaining captained
If you captain a team or a ship, you are the captain of it.

- ...Murdo McLeod, who captained Hibernian's League-Cup-winning team in 1991...

- I did once dream of becoming the first woman to captain an ocean liner.

VB
= skipper

captain

noun Botany

leader

boss

chief

commander

head

master

skipper

captaincy

[ˈkæptinsi]

n.

(运动队)队长职位, 队长的任期

captaincy *

captaincy
The captaincy of a team is the position of being captain.

- His captaincy of the team was ended by mild eye trouble.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N, poss N

captain of industry

captain of industry captains of industry
You can refer to the owners or senior managers of industrial companies as captains of industry .
N-COUNT

caption

[D.J.:ˈkæpʃən]

[K.K.:ˈkæpʃən]

n.

标题, 说明文字, 字幕

caption ****

1. caption captions
A caption is the words printed underneath a picture or cartoon which explain what it is about.

- The local paper featured me standing on a stepladder with a caption, `Wendy climbs the ladder to success.'

N-COUNT

2. caption captions captioning captioned
When someone captions a picture or cartoon, they put a caption under it.

- The Sun had captioned a picture of Princess Diana `Princess of Veils'.

- The photograph is captioned `People Power'.

- The book is well written, properly illustrated and excellently captioned.

VB

captivate

[D.J.:ˈkæptəˌveɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkæptəˌvet]

vt.

迷住(某人);迷惑

captivation

n.

迷惑,迷人

captivator

n.

有吸引力的人或物

captivating

[ˈkæptiveitiŋ]

adj.

迷人的; 有魅力的; 有吸引力的

captivation

[D.J.:ˌkæptɪˈveɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkæptəˈveʃən]

n.

迷惑;蛊惑

captivate *

captivate captivates captivating captivated
If you are captivated by someone or something, you find them fascinating and attractive.

- I was captivated by her brilliant mind.

- For 40 years she has captivated the world with her radiant looks.

VB

captivating

captivating
Someone or something that is captivating fascinates or attracts you.

- ...her captivating smile and alluring looks.

ADJ-GRADED
= fascinating

captivate

verb

charm

allure

attract

beguile

bewitch

enchant

enrapture

enthral

entrance

fascinate

infatuate

mesmerize

captive

[D.J.:ˈkæptiv]

[K.K.:ˈkæptɪv]

adj.

被俘的, 被捕获的

n.

战俘, 俘虏

captive **

1. captive
A captive person or animal is being kept imprisoned or enclosed. (LITERARY)

- Her heart had begun to pound inside her chest like a captive animal.

ADJ

2. captive captives
A captive is someone who is captive.

- He described the difficulties of surviving for four months as a captive.

N-COUNT
= prisoner

3. captive
A captive audience is a group of people who are not free to leave a certain place and so have to watch or listen. A captive market is a group of people who cannot choose whether or where to buy things.

- We all performed action songs, sketches and dances before a captive audience of parents and patrons.

- Airlines consider business travellers a captive market.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. captive
If you take someone captive or hold someone captive , you take or keep them as a prisoner.

- Richard was finally released on February 4, one year and six weeks after he'd been taken captive.

- Rebels in Liberia have released four foreigners after holding them captive for a week.

PHR: V inflects

captive

noun

1.

prisoner

convict

detainee

hostage

internee

prisoner of war

slave

adjective

2.

confined

caged

enslaved

ensnared

imprisoned

incarcerated

locked up

penned

restricted

subjugated

captive breeding

captive breeding
Captive breeding is the breeding of wild animals in places such as zoos, especially animals which have become rare in the wild.
N-UNCOUNT

captivity

[D.J.:kæpˈtɪvɪti:]

[K.K.:kæpˈtɪvɪti]

n.

被俘(的状态),拘禁,囚禁;束缚

captivity *

captivity
Captivity is the state of being kept imprisoned or enclosed.

- The great majority of barn owls are reared in captivity.

- An American missionary was released today after more than two months of captivity.

- He had been kept in a small room, bound and blindfolded for much of his captivity.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in/of N

captivity

noun

confinement

bondage

custody

detention

imprisonment

incarceration

internment

slavery

captor

[D.J.:ˈkæptə, -ˌtɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈkæptɚ, -ˌtɔr]

n.

捕捉者;捕获者

captor *

captor captors
You can refer to the person who has captured a person or animal as their captor .

- They did not know what their captors planned for them.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

capture

[D.J.:ˈkæptʃə]

[K.K.:ˈkæptʃɚ]

vt.

俘获

夺取, 占领

capturing

找准

capture ***

1. capture captures capturing captured
If you capture someone or something, you catch them, especially in a war.

- The guerrillas shot down one aeroplane and captured the pilot.

- The whole town celebrated when two tanks were captured.

- King Arthur himself captures the beast and cuts off its head.

- The Russians now appear ready to capture more territory from the Chechens.

- ...the murders of fifteen thousand captured Polish soldiers.

VB

2. capture
Also a noun.

- ...the final battles which led to the army's capture of the town...

- The shooting happened while the man was trying to evade capture by the security forces.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

3. capture captures captured
If something or someone captures a particular quality, feeling, or atmosphere, they represent or express it successfully.

- Chef Idris Caldora offers an inspired menu that captures the spirit of the Mediterranean.

- Their mood was captured by one who said, `Students here don't know or care about campus issues.'

VB: no cont
= encapsulate

4. capture captures capturing captured
If something captures your attention or imagination, you begin to be interested or excited by it. If someone or something captures your heart, you begin to love them or like them very much.

- ...the great names of the Tory party who usually capture the historian's attention.

- ...the issue that has captured the imagination of nearly the whole nation.

- ...one man's undying love for the woman who captured his heart.

VB

5. capture captures capturing captured
If an event is captured in a photograph or on film, it is photographed or filmed.

- The incident was captured on videotape.

- The images were captured by TV crews filming outside the base.

- ...photographers who captured the traumatic scene.

VB

6. capture captures capturing captured
If you capture something that you are trying to obtain in competition with other people, you succeed in obtaining it.

- In 1987, McDonald's captured 19 percent of all fast-food sales.

- The Socialist candidate has captured eighty-five per cent of the vote in the three-way presidential race.

VB
= win secure

capture

verb

1.

catch

apprehend

arrest

bag

collar informal

secure

seize

take

take prisoner

noun

2.

catching

apprehension

arrest

imprisonment

seizure

taking

taking captive

trapping

car

[D.J.:kɑ:]

[K.K.:kɑr]

n.

汽车, 轿车

(火车)车厢

car *****

1. car cars
A car is a motor vehicle with room for a small number of passengers.

- He had left his tickets in his car.

- They arrived by car.

N-COUNT: also by N

2. car cars
A car is one of the separate sections of a train. (AM; in BRIT usually use carriage )

- Tour buses have replaced railway cars.

N-COUNT

3. car cars
Railway carriages are called cars when they are used for a particular purpose. (BRIT)

- He made his way into the dining car for breakfast.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

car

noun

1.

vehicle

auto U.S.

automobile

jalopy informal

machine

motor

motorcar

wheels informal

2.

(railway) carriage

buffet car

cable car

coach

dining car

sleeping car

van

carafe

[D.J.:kəˈræf]

[K.K.:kəˈræf]

n.

玻璃水瓶(或酒瓶)

carafe

1. carafe carafes
A carafe is a glass container in which you serve water or wine.

- He ordered a carafe of wine.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. carafe carafes
A carafe of something is the amount of it contained in a carafe.

- At dinner, share a half carafe of agreeable wine with an agreeable companion.

N-COUNT

car alarm

car alarm car alarms
A car alarm is a device in a car which makes a loud noise if anyone tries to break into the vehicle.

- He returned to the airport to find his car alarm going off.

N-COUNT

caramel

[D.J.:ˈkærəmel]

[K.K.:ˈkærəməl, -ˌmɛl, ˈkɑrməl]

n.

(食物着色或调味用的)焦糖

(含焦糖味的)太妃糖

caramel *

1. caramel caramels
A caramel is a chewy sweet food made from sugar, butter, and milk.
N-VAR

2. caramel
Caramel is burnt sugar used for colouring and flavouring food.
N-UNCOUNT: also a N

caramelize

[D.J.:ˈkærəməlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈkærəməˌlaɪz, ˈkɑrmə-]

v.

加熔(糖)使焦,(糖)熔化而变成焦糖

caramelized

[ˈkærəməlaizd]

adj.

(食物)含焦糖的, 浇上焦糖的

caramelize

1. caramelize caramelizes caramelizing caramelized
If sugar caramelizes , it turns to caramel as a result of being heated.

- Place pan over a high heat until the butter and sugar start to caramelize.

VB (BRIT) also caramelise

2. caramelize caramelizes caramelizing caramelized
If you caramelize something such as fruit, you cook it with sugar so that it is coated with caramel.

- I decided to caramelize the onion, and use it to bring some sweetness to the dish.

- ...caramelised apples and pears.

VB (BRIT) also caramelise

carapace

[D.J.:ˈkærəˌpeɪs]

[K.K.:ˈkærəˌpes]

n.

(龟、蟹等的)硬壳

carapace

1. carapace carapaces
A carapace is the protective shell on the back of some animals such as tortoises or crabs. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. carapace carapaces
You can refer to an attitude that someone has in order to protect themselves as their carapace . (LITERARY)

- The arrogance became his protective carapace.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

carat

[D.J.:ˈkærət]

[K.K.:ˈkærət]

n.

(宝石的重量单位)克拉

carat *

1. carat carats
A carat is a unit for measuring the weight of diamonds and other precious stones. It is equal to 0.2 grams.

- The gemstone is 28.6 millimetres high and weighs 139.43 carats.

- ...a huge eight-carat diamond.

N-COUNT: usu num N

2. carat
Carat is used after a number to indicate how pure gold is. The purest gold is 24-carat gold.

- ...a 14-carat gold fountain pen.

COMB in ADJ

caravan

[D.J.:ˈkærəvæn]

[K.K.:ˈkærəˌvæn]

n.

(可供居住的)拖车(通常由机动车拖行)

篷车

(穿过沙漠地带的)旅行队(如商队)

vi.

乘拖车度假

caravan *

1. caravan caravans
A caravan is a vehicle without an engine that can be pulled by a car or van. It contains beds and cooking equipment so that people can live or spend their holidays in it. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use trailer )
N-COUNT

2. caravan caravans
A caravan is a group of people and animals or vehicles who travel together.

- ...the old caravan routes from Central Asia to China.

N-COUNT

caravanning

[ˈkærəvæniŋ]

n.

乘旅行拖车外出度假

caravanning

caravanning
Caravanning is the activity of having a holiday in a caravan. (BRIT)

- He was on a caravanning holiday.

N-UNCOUNT

caravan site

caravan site caravan sites
A caravan site is an area of land where people can stay in a caravan on holiday, or where people live in caravans. (BRIT; in AM use trailer park )
N-COUNT

caraway

[D.J.:ˈkærəwei]

[K.K.:ˈkærəˌwe]

n.

香菜

caraway

caraway
Caraway is a plant with strong-tasting seeds that are used in cooking. Caraway seeds are often used to flavour bread and cakes.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

carbine

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:bain]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrˌbin, -ˌbaɪn]

n.

(原为骑兵用的)卡宾枪,轻型半自动或自动步枪

carbine

carbine carbines
A carbine is a light automatic rifle.
N-COUNT

carbohydrate

[D.J.:ˌkɑ:bəuˈhaidreit]

[K.K.:ˌkɑrboˈhaɪˌdret]

n.

碳水化合物; 糖类

淀粉质或糖类食物

carbohydrate **

carbohydrate carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are substances, found in certain kinds of food, that provide you with energy. Foods such as sugar and bread that contain these substances can also be referred to as carbohydrates .

- Food is made up of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

- ...carbohydrates such as bread, pasta or chips.

N-VAR: usu pl

carbolic acid

carbolic acid
Carbolic acid or carbolic is a liquid that is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.

- Carbolic acid is usually used for cleaning.

- She was ordered to scrub herself with carbolic soap in cold water.

N-UNCOUNT

car bomb

car bomb car bombs
A car bomb is a bomb which is inside a car, van, or truck.
N-COUNT

carbon

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:bən]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrbən]

n.

〈化〉碳

carbon ***

1. carbon
Carbon is a chemical element that diamonds and coal are made up of.
N-UNCOUNT

2. carbon carbons
A carbon is a sheet of carbon paper.

- He inserted the paper and two carbons.

N-COUNT

carbonate

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:bəneit]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrbəˌnet]

n.

碳酸盐

vt.

充二氧化碳于

carbonate

carbonate carbonates
Carbonate is used in the names of some substances that are formed from carbonic acid, which is a compound of carbon dioxide and water.

- ...1,500 milligrams of calcium carbonate.

- ...carbonate of ammonia solution.

N-VAR: oft N n, N of n

carbonated

[ˈkɑ:bəneitid]

adj.

含二氧化碳的

carbonated

carbonated
Carbonated drinks are drinks that contain small bubbles of carbon dioxide.

- ...colas and other carbonated soft drinks.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= fizzy

carbon copy

1. carbon copy carbon copies
If you say that one person or thing is a carbon copy of another, you mean that they look or behave exactly like them.

- She's a carbon copy of her mother.

- Theresa's first marriage was almost a carbon copy of her parents'.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

2. carbon copy carbon copies
A carbon copy is a copy of a piece of writing that is made using carbon paper.
N-COUNT

carbon dating

carbon dating
Carbon dating is a system of calculating the age of a very old object by measuring the amount of radioactive carbon it contains.
N-UNCOUNT

carbon dioxide **

carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a gas. It is produced by animals and people breathing out, and by chemical reactions.
N-UNCOUNT

carbon monoxide *

carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas that is produced especially by the engines of vehicles.

- The limit for carbon monoxide is 4.5 per cent of the exhaust gas.

N-UNCOUNT

carbon paper

carbon paper
Carbon paper is thin paper with a dark substance on one side. You use it to make copies of letters, bills, and other papers.

- The drawing is transferred onto the wood by means of carbon paper.

N-UNCOUNT

car boot sale

car boot sale car boot sales
A car boot sale is a sale where people sell things they own and do not want from a little stall or from the back of their car. (BRIT; in AM use garage sale )
N-COUNT

carbuncle

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:bʌŋkl]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrˌbʌŋkəl]

n.

红榴石,红宝石；痈

carbuncle

carbuncle carbuncles
A carbuncle is a large swelling under the skin.
N-COUNT
= boil

carburettor

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:bjʊretə]

n.

<机>汽化器,化油器

carburettor

carburettor carburettors
A carburettor is the part of an engine, usually in a car, in which air and petrol are mixed together to form a vapour which can be burned.
N-COUNT (AM) carburetor

carcass

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:kəs]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrkəs]

n.

(动物的)尸体

烹调过的禽鸟骨骼

carcass *

1. carcass carcasses
A carcass is the body of a dead animal.

- A cluster of vultures crouched on the carcass of a dead buffalo.

- Prepare the chicken stock using the carcases, the diced vegetables and herbs.

N-COUNT (BRIT) also carcase

2. carcass carcasses
The carcass of a vehicle or building is its remains after most of it has decayed or been destroyed.

- ...the carcass of a rusted tractor.

N-COUNT: oft N of n (BRIT) also carcase
= remains

carcass

noun U.S. & Canad.

body

cadaver Medical

corpse

dead body

framework

hulk

remains

shell

skeleton

carcinogen

[D.J.:kɑ:ˈsɪnədʒən, ˈkɑ:sənəˌdʒen]

[K.K.:kɑrˈsɪnədʒən, ˈkɑrsənəˌdʒɛn]

n.

致癌物

carcinogenic

adj.

carcinogenic

[kɑ:sinəˈdʒənik]

adj.

致癌物(质)的

carcinogen

carcinogen carcinogens
A carcinogen is a substance which can cause cancer. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

carcinogenic

carcinogenic
A substance that is carcinogenic is likely to cause cancer. (MEDICAL)
ADJ-GRADED

carcinoma

[D.J.:ˌkɑ:siˈnəumə]

[K.K.:ˌkɑrsəˈnomə]

n.

癌

carcinoma

1. carcinoma
Carcinoma is a type of cancer. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

2. carcinoma carcinomas
Carcinomas are malignant tumours. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

card

[D.J.:kɑ:d]

[K.K.:kɑrd]

n.

卡, 卡片, 名片

请帖; 明信片

纸牌, 扑克牌

办法, 手段, 妙计

cards

连续卡片

card ****

1. card cards
A card is a piece of stiff paper or thin cardboard on which something is written or printed.

- Check the numbers below against the numbers on your card.

N-COUNT

2. card cards
A card is a piece of cardboard or plastic, or a small document, which shows information about you and which you carry with you, for example to prove your identity.

- ...they check my bag and press card.

- ...her membership card...

- The authorities have begun to issue ration cards.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu n N

3. card cards
A card is a rectangular piece of plastic, issued by a bank, company, or shop, which you can use to buy things or obtain money.

- He paid the whole bill with an American Express card.

- Holidaymakers should beware of using plastic cards in foreign cash dispensers.

N-COUNT: oft n-proper N

4. card cards
A card is a folded piece of stiff paper with a picture and sometimes a message printed on it, which you send to someone on a special occasion.

- She sends me a card on my birthday.

- ...millions of get-well cards.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

5. card cards
A card is the same as a postcard .

- Send your details on a card to the following address.

N-COUNT

6. card cards
A card is a piece of thin cardboard carried by someone such as a business person in order to give to other people. A card shows the name, address, telephone number, and other details of the person who carries it.

- Here's my card. You may need me.

N-COUNT: oft poss N
= business card

7. card cards
Cards are thin pieces of cardboard with numbers or pictures printed on them which are used to play various games.

- ...a pack of cards...

- Kurt picked up his hand and fanned out the cards one by one.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= playing card

8. card
If you are playing cards , you are playing a game using cards.

- They enjoy themselves drinking wine, smoking and playing cards.

N-UNCOUNT

9. card cards
You can use card to refer to something that gives you an advantage in a particular situation. If you play a particular card , you use that advantage.

- This permitted Western manufacturers to play their strong cards: capital and technology.

- The country's sporting prowess was the strongest card in the hand of its Communist leader.

N-COUNT

10. card
Card is strong, stiff paper or thin cardboard.

- She put the pieces of card in her pocket.

N-UNCOUNT

11. card cards
You can use card to refer to a series of races or matches at a particular sporting event.

- Paradise Boy and the Galloping General have clear chances in the opening two events on the card.

- He will now fight Kevin Ford on the five-bout card.

N-COUNT: oft on N

12. card
If you are carded , someone in authority asks you to show a document to prove that you are old enough to do something, for example, to buy or drink alcohol. (AM)

- For the first time in many years, I got carded.

VB

13. card
If you say that something is on the cards in British English, or in the cards in American English, you mean that it is very likely to happen.

- Last summer she began telling friends that a New Year marriage was on the cards.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
= likely ≠ unlikely

14. card
If you say that someone will achieve success if they play their cards right , you mean that they will achieve success if they act skilfully and use the advantages that they have.

- He could even be the next manager of the England team if he plays his cards right.

PHR: V inflects

15. card
If you put or lay your cards on the table , you deal with a situation by speaking openly about your feelings, ideas, or plans.

- Put your cards on the table and be very clear about your complaints.

PHR: V inflects

cardamom

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:dəməm]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrdəməm]

n.

小豆蔻(一种姜科多年生草本植物)

cardamom

cardamom cardamoms
Cardamom is a spice. It comes from the seeds of a plant grown in Asia.
N-VAR also cardamon .

cardboard

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:dbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrdˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

硬纸板

cardboard *

cardboard
Cardboard is thick, stiff paper that is used, for example, to make boxes and models.

- ...a cardboard box.

- ...life-size cardboard cut-outs of men wielding shotguns.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

card-carrying

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:dˌkæri:ɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrdˌkæriɪŋ]

adj.

正式的,持有正式成员证的

card-carrying

1. card-carrying
A card-carrying member of a particular group or political party is an official member of that group or party, rather than someone who supports it.

- I've been a card-carrying member of the Labour party for five years.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. card-carrying
If you describe someone as, for example, a card-carrying feminist, you are emphasizing the fact that they believe strongly in and try to carry out the ideas of feminism.

- ...a card-carrying Christian.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

card game

card game card games
A card game is a game that is played using a set of playing cards.
N-COUNT

cardholder

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:dˌhəuldə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrdˌholdɚ]

n.

持有信用卡的人,持有正式成员证的人,(持卡可获得某种权利的)持卡人

cardholder

cardholder cardholders
A cardholder is someone who has a bank card or credit card.

- The average cardholder today carries three to four bank cards.

N-COUNT

cardiac

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:di:ˌæk]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrdiˌæk]

adj.

心脏(病)的

cardiac *

cardiac
Cardiac means relating to the heart. (MEDICAL)

- The king was suffering from cardiac weakness.

ADJ: ADJ n

cardiac arrest

cardiac arrest cardiac arrests
A cardiac arrest is a heart attack. (MEDICAL)
N-VAR
= heart attack

cardie

[ˈkɑ:di]

n.

〈英〉〈口〉开襟羊毛衫

cardie

cardie cardies
A cardie is the same as a cardigan . (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

cardigan

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:dɪgən]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrdɪɡən]

n.

毛衣，羊毛衫

cardigan *

cardigan cardigans
A cardigan is a knitted woollen sweater that you can fasten at the front with buttons or a zip.
N-COUNT

cardinal

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:dinl]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrdnəl, ˈkɑrdnəl]

n.

红衣主教

adj.

最重要的, 主要的

n.

基数

cardinal **

1. cardinal
A cardinal is a high-ranking priest in the Catholic church.

- In 1448, Nicholas was appointed a cardinal.

- They were encouraged by a promise from Cardinal Winning.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

2. cardinal
A cardinal rule or quality is the one that is considered to be the most important. (FORMAL)

- As a salesman, your cardinal rule is to do everything you can to satisfy a customer.

- Harmony, balance and order are cardinal virtues to the French.

ADJ: ADJ n
= chief principal

3. cardinal cardinals
A cardinal is a common North American bird. The male has bright red feathers.
N-COUNT

cardinal

adjective

principal

capital

central

chief

essential

first

fundamental

key

leading

main

paramount

primary

cardinal number

cardinal number cardinal numbers
A cardinal number is a number such as 1, 3, or 10 that tells you how many things there are in a group but not what order they are in. Compare ordinal number .
N-COUNT

cardinal point

cardinal point cardinal points
The cardinal points are the four main points of the compass, north, south, east, and west.
N-COUNT

cardinal sin

cardinal sin cardinal sins
If you describe an action as a cardinal sin , you are indicating that some people strongly disapprove of it.

- I committed the physician's cardinal sin: I got involved with my patients.

N-COUNT

card index

card index card indexes
A card index is a number of cards with information written on them which are arranged in a particular order, usually alphabetical, so that you can find the information you want easily.
N-COUNT

cardiologist

n.

心脏病专家

cardiologist

cardiologist cardiologists
A cardiologist is a doctor who specializes in the heart and its diseases.
N-COUNT

cardiology

[D.J.:ˌkɑ:diˈɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:ˌkɑrdiˈɑlədʒi]

n.

心(脏)病学

cardiology

cardiology
Cardiology is the study of the heart and its diseases.
N-UNCOUNT

cardiovascular

[D.J.:ˌkɑ:di:əʊˈvæskjələ]

[K.K.:ˌkɑrdioˈvæskjəlɚ]

adj.

心血管的

cardiovascular *

cardiovascular
Cardiovascular means relating to the heart and blood vessels. (MEDICAL)

- Smoking places you in serious jeopardy of cardiovascular and respiratory disease.

ADJ: ADJ n

card table

card table card tables
A card table is a small light table which can be folded up and which is sometimes used for playing games of cards on.
N-COUNT also card-table .

care

[D.J.:kɛə]

[K.K.:kɛr]

vt. & vi.

关心, 担心, 在乎, 介意

vt.

喜欢, 愿意

n.

照顾, 护理

小心, 注意

忧虑, 挂念

负责照管、办理的事

caring

[D.J.:ˈkɛəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkɛrɪŋ]

adj.

表示或感到关怀或关心的

care *****

1. care cares cared
If you care about something, you feel that it is important and are concerned about it.

- ...a company that cares about the environment.

- ...young men who did not care whether they lived or died...

- Does anybody know we're here, does anybody care?

VB: no cont

2. care cares cared
If you care for someone, you feel a lot of affection for them.

- He wanted me to know that he still cared for me.

- ...people who are your friends, who care about you.

VB: no cont approval

3. caring

- ...the `feminine' traits of caring and compassion.

N-UNCOUNT

4. care cares caring cared
If you care for someone or something, you look after them and keep them in a good state or condition.

- They hired a nurse to care for her.

- ...these distinctive cars, lovingly cared for by private owners.

- ...well-cared-for homes.

VB
= look after ≠ neglect

5. care
Also a noun.

- Most of the staff specialise in the care of children.

- ...sensitive teeth which need special care...

- She denied the murder of four children who were in her care.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
≠ neglect

6. care
Children who are in care are looked after by the state because their parents are dead or unable to look after them properly. (BRIT)

- ...a home for children in care...

- She was taken into care as a baby.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N

7. care cares cared
If you say that you do not care for something or someone, you mean that you do not like them. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- She had met both sons and did not care for either.

VB: no cont, with brd-neg

8. care cares cared
If you say that someone does something when they care to do it, you mean that they do it, although they should do it more willingly or more often.

- The woman tells anyone who cares to listen that she's going through hell.

- Experts reveal only as much as they care to.

VB: no cont
= choose

9. care cares cared
You can ask someone if they would care for something or if they would care to do something as a polite way of asking if they would like to have or do something.

- Would you care for some orange juice?.

- He said he was off to the beach and would we care to join him.

VB: no cont politeness
= like

10. care
If you do something with care , you give careful attention to it because you do not want to make any mistakes or cause any damage.

- Condoms are an effective method of birth control if used with care.

- We'd taken enormous care in choosing the location.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with N
= carefully

11. care
Your cares are your worries, anxieties, or fears.

- Lean back in a hot bath and forget all the cares of the day.

- Johnson seemed without a care in the world.

N-COUNT
= worries

12. care
You can use for all I care to emphasize that it does not matter at all to you what someone does.

- You can go right now for all I care.

PHR: V inflects, PHR with cl emphasis

13. care
If you say that you couldn't care less about someone or something, you are emphasizing that you are not interested in them or worried about them. In American English, you can also say that you could care less , with the same meaning.

- I couldn't care less about the bloody woman.

- Personally, I couldn't have cared less whether the ice-cream came from Italy or England.

- I used to be proud working for them; now I could care less. I'm just out here for the money.

- Personally, I could care less whether the Giants come or not.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR about n emphasis

14. care
If someone sends you a letter or parcel care of a particular person or place, they send it to that person or place, and it is then passed on to you. In American English, you can also say in care of .

- Please write to me care of the publishers.

- I addressed their letters in care of the bars and clubs where I'd known them.

PHR: PHR n

15. care
If you take care of someone or something, you look after them and prevent them from being harmed or damaged.

- There was no one else to take care of their children.

- You have to learn to take care of your possessions.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= look after

16. care
You can say ` Take care ' when saying goodbye to someone.
CONVENTION formulae

17. care
If you take care to do something, you make sure that you do it.

- Foley followed Albert through the gate, taking care to close the latch.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to-inf

18. care
To take care of a problem, task, or situation means to deal with it.

- They leave it to the system to try and take care of the problem.

- `Do you need clean sheets?' `No. Mrs. May took care of that.'

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= deal with

19. care
You can say ` Who cares? ' to emphasize that something does not matter to you at all.

- Who cares about some stupid vacation.

- `But we might ruin the stove.' --- `Who cares?'

PHR: oft PHR about n emphasis

caring ***

1. caring
If someone is caring , they are affectionate, helpful, and sympathetic.

- He is a lovely boy, very gentle and caring.

- ...a loving, caring husband.

ADJ-GRADED
= loving

2. caring
The caring professions are those such as nursing and social work that are involved with looking after people who are ill or who need help in coping with their lives. (BRIT)

- The course is also suitable for those in the caring professions.

- ...the caring services.

ADJ: ADJ n

care

verb

1.

be concerned

be bothered

be interested

mind

noun

2.

caution

attention

carefulness

consideration

forethought

heed

management

pains

prudence

vigilance

watchfulness

3.

protection

charge

control

custody

guardianship

keeping

management

supervision

4.

worry

anxiety

concern

disquiet

perplexity

pressure

responsibility

stress

trouble

careen

[D.J.:kəˈri:n]

[K.K.:kəˈrin]

vt.

将船倾侧,将船倾倒(以清洗、捻缝或修理)

vi.

倾斜,倚靠

<美>(车辆)歪歪斜斜地行驶;猛冲

careenage

n.

careenage

[kəˈri:nidʒ]

n.

倾船修理厂,船底修理费

careen

careen careens careening careened
To careen somewhere means to rush forward in an uncontrollable way. (mainly AM)

- He stood to one side as they careened past him.

- The truck sways wildly, careening down narrow mountain roads.

VB
= career hurtle

career

[D.J.:kəˈriə]

[K.K.:kəˈrɪr]

n.

职业

生涯, 履历

career ****

1. career careers
A career is the job or profession that someone does for a long period of their life.

- She is now concentrating on a career as a fashion designer.

- Dennis had recently begun a successful career conducting opera.

- ...a career in journalism.

- ...a political career.

N-COUNT

2. career careers
Your career is the part of your life that you spend working.

- During his career, he wrote more than fifty plays.

- She began her career as a teacher.

N-COUNT

3. career
Careers advice or guidance in British English, or career advice or guidance in American English, consists of information about different jobs and help with deciding what kind of job you want to do.

- She received very little careers guidance when young.

- Get hold of the company list from your careers advisory service.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. career careers careering careered
If a person or vehicle careers somewhere, they move fast and in an uncontrolled way.

- His car careered into a river.

- He went careering off down the track.

VB: oft cont
= hurtle

career

noun

1.

occupation

calling

employment

life's work

livelihood

pursuit

vocation

verb

2.

rush

barrel (along) informal chiefly U.S. & Canad.

bolt

dash

hurtle

race

speed

tear

careerist

[kəˈriərist]

n.

妄想发迹的人,一心追求名利地位的人,野心家

careerist

1. careerist
Careerist people are ambitious and think that their career is more important than anything else.

- ...careerist politicians.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. careerist careerists
Also a noun.

- ...a single-minded careerist with few friends.

N-COUNT

career woman

career woman career women
A career woman is a woman with a career who is interested in working and progressing in her job, rather than staying at home looking after the house and children.
N-COUNT

carefree

[D.J.:ˈkeəˌfri:]

[K.K.:ˈkɛrˌfri]

adj.

无忧无虑的,快乐舒畅的

carefree *

carefree
A carefree person or period of time doesn't have or involve any problems, worries, or responsibilities.

- They certainly gave the impression of a carefree couple who delighted in each other's company.

- Chantal remembered carefree past summers at the beach.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

carefree

adjective

untroubled

blithe

breezy

cheerful

easy-going

halcyon

happy-go-lucky

light-hearted

careful

[D.J.:ˈkɛəful]

[K.K.:ˈkɛrfəl]

adj.

仔细的, 小心的

carefully

[D.J.:ˈk eəfəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈk ɛrfəlɪ]

adv.

小心谨慎地;警惕地

仔细地;周密地

careful ****

1. careful
If you are careful , you give serious attention to what you are doing, in order to avoid harm, damage, or mistakes. If you are careful to do something, you make sure that you do it.

- Be very careful with this stuff, it can be dangerous if it isn't handled properly.

- Careful on those stairs!.

- We had to be very careful not to be seen.

- Pupils will need careful guidance on their choice of options.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about/with/of n, ADJ to-inf
≠ careless

2. carefully

- Have a nice time, dear, and drive carefully.

- He had chosen his words carefully in declaring that the murderers were madmen.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
≠ carelessly

3. careful
Careful work, thought, or examination is thorough and shows a concern for details.

- He has decided to prosecute her after careful consideration of all the relevant facts.

- What we now know about the disease was learned by careful study of diseased organs.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= painstaking

4. carefully

- ...a vast series of deliberate and carefully planned thefts...

- He explained very carefully what he was doing.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. careful
If you tell someone to be careful about doing something, you think that what they intend to do is probably wrong, and that they should think seriously before they do it.

- I think you should be careful about talking of the rebels as heroes.

- It is important, I think, for everyone to be careful about claiming victory.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ about/of -ing
= cautious circumspect

6. carefully

- He should think carefully about actions like this which play into the hands of his opponents.

ADV: ADV after v

7. careful
If you are careful with something such as money or resources, you use or spend only what is necessary.

- You will have to make a special effort to train your child to be careful with her pocket-money.

- It would force industries to be more careful with natural resources.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ with n
= prudent

8. careful
You can say ` You can't be too careful ' as a way of advising someone to be careful, even when this seems unnecessary. (SPOKEN)

- You can't be too careful when a young child is near water.

PHR

careful

adjective

1.

cautious

chary

circumspect

discreet

prudent

scrupulous

thoughtful

thrifty

2.

thorough

conscientious

meticulous

painstaking

particular

precise

caregiver

caregiver caregivers
A caregiver is someone who is responsible for looking after another person, for example, a person who is disabled, ill, or very young. (mainly AM)

- It is nearly always women who are the primary care givers.

N-COUNT also care giver .

care home

care home care homes
A care home is a large house or institution where people with particular problems or special needs are looked after.

- I am now in a residential care home trying to sort out my drink problem.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

careless

[D.J.:ˈkɛəlis]

[K.K.:ˈkɛrlɪs]

adj.

粗心的, 草率的

随便的, 不介意

不关心的, 冷漠的

carelessly

[D.J.:ˈk eəlɪslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈk ɛrlɪslɪ]

adv.

粗心大意地,不当心地;漫不经心地

草率地

淡漠地

无忧无虑地

carelessness

[D.J.:ˈkeəlɪsnɪs]

[K.K.: ˈkɛrlɪsnəs]

n.

粗心大意

草率

淡漠

快活

careless *

1. careless
If you are careless , you do not pay enough attention to what you are doing, and so you make mistakes, or cause harm or damage.

- I'm sorry. How careless of me.

- Some parents are accused of being careless with their children's health.

- Mr Clarke had pleaded guilty to causing death by careless driving.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n
≠ careful

2. carelessly

- She was fined £100 for driving carelessly.

- The fire is believed to have been started by a carelessly discarded cigarette.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
≠ carefully

3. carelessness

- The defence conceded stupid goals through sheer carelessness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. careless
If you say that someone is careless of something such as their health or appearance, you mean that they do not seem to be concerned about it, or do nothing to keep it in a good condition.

- He had shown himself careless of personal safety where the life of his colleagues might be at risk.

- She's careless about her hygiene.

- That shows a fairly careless attitude to clothes, doesn't it?

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of/about n

5. careless
If you describe someone's movements as careless , you mean that they are relaxed or confident, and do not seem to require much effort or thought. (LITERARY)

- With a careless flip of his wrists, he sent the ball quickly on its way.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= casual

carelessly

carelessly
If someone does something carelessly , they do it without much thought or effort. (WRITTEN)

- Houston carelessly tossed the notebooks on the bed.

- `Oh,' he said carelessly. `I'm in no hurry to get back.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= casually

See also careless .

careless

adjective

1.

slapdash

cavalier

inaccurate

irresponsible

lackadaisical

neglectful

offhand

slipshod

sloppy informal

2.

negligent

absent-minded

forgetful

hasty

remiss

thoughtless

unthinking

3.

nonchalant

artless

casual

unstudied

carelessness

noun

negligence

indiscretion

irresponsibility

laxity

neglect

omission

slackness

sloppiness informal

thoughtlessness

carer

n.

(亲属中)护理病人者,照顾老人者

carer *

carer carers
A carer is someone who is responsible for looking after another person, for example, a person who is disabled, ill, or very young. (BRIT; in AM use caregiver or caretaker )

- We are looking for foster carers who can care for a child for a few days.

- Women are more likely than men to be carers of elderly dependent relatives.

N-COUNT

caress

[D.J.:kəˈres]

[K.K.:kəˈrɛs]

n.

爱抚; 抚摸

vt.

爱抚或抚摸…

caressing

adj.

爱抚的,表现爱情的,亲切的

caress *

1. caress caresses caressing caressed
If you caress someone, you stroke them gently and affectionately. (WRITTEN)

- He was gently caressing her golden hair.

VB
= stroke

2. caress caresses
Also a noun.

- Margaret took me to one side, holding my arm in a gentle caress.

N-COUNT

caress

verb

1.

stroke

cuddle

embrace

fondle

hug

kiss

neck informal

nuzzle

pet

noun

2.

stroke

cuddle

embrace

fondling

hug

kiss

pat

caretaker

[D.J.:ˈkɛəˌteikə]

[K.K.:ˈkɛrˌtekɚ]

n.

看门人

adj.

暂时代理的; 临时的

caretaker *

1. caretaker caretakers
A caretaker is a person whose job it is to look after a large building such as a school or a block of flats or apartments, and deal with small repairs to it. (BRIT; in AM use janitor )
N-COUNT
= janitor

2. caretaker caretakers
A caretaker is a person whose job it is to take care of a house or property when the owner is not there.
N-COUNT

3. caretaker
A caretaker government or leader is in charge temporarily until a new government or leader is appointed.

- The military intends to hand over power to a caretaker government and hold elections within six months.

ADJ: ADJ n
= acting ≠ permanent

4. caretaker caretakers
A caretaker is someone who is responsible for looking after another person, for example, a person who is disabled, ill, or very young. (mainly AM; in BRIT use carer )
N-COUNT
= caregiver

caretaker

noun

warden

concierge

curator

custodian

janitor

keeper

porter

superintendent

watchman

care worker

care worker care workers
A care worker is someone whose job involves helping people who have particular problems or special needs, for example in a care home.
N-COUNT
See also health care worker .

careworn

[D.J.:ˈkeəˌwɔ:n, -ˌwəʊrn]

[K.K.:ˈkɛrˌwɔrn, -ˌworn]

adj.

<书>忧虑憔悴的

careworn

careworn
A person who looks careworn looks worried, tired, and unhappy.

- In recent years his face had become craggy, somewhat careworn.

ADJ-GRADED

cargo

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:ɡəu]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrɡo]

n.

货物(量)

cargo **

cargo cargoes
The cargo of a ship or plane is the goods that it is carrying.

- The boat calls at the main port to load its regular cargo of bananas.

- ...cargo planes.

N-VAR: oft N of n
= consignment

cargo

noun

load

baggage

consignment

contents

freight

goods

merchandise

shipment

Caribbean

[D.J.:kæriˈbi(:)ən]

[K.K.:ˌkærəˈbiən, kəˈrɪbiən]

n.

加勒比海

Caribbean ***

1. Caribbean
The Caribbean is the sea which is between the West Indies, Central America and the north coast of South America.
N-PROPER: the N

2. Caribbean
Caribbean means belonging or relating to the Caribbean Sea and its islands, or to its people.

- ...the Caribbean island of St Thomas.

ADJ

3. Caribbean Caribbeans
A Caribbean is a person from a Caribbean island.

- Caribbeans settled in Sheffield in the early '50s.

N-COUNT
See also Afro-Caribbean .

caribou

[D.J.:ˈkærəˌbu:]

[K.K.:ˈkærəˌbu]

n.

(北美洲产的)驯鹿

caribou

caribou
A caribou is a large north American deer.
N-COUNT caribou is both the singular and the plural form

caricature

[D.J.:ˈkærɪkəˌtʃʊə, -tʃə]

[K.K.:ˈkærɪkəˌtʃʊr, -tʃɚ]

n.

漫画;夸张的描述或模仿

漫画艺术;滑稽或讽刺的模仿艺术

vt.

用漫画表现或夸张描述、模仿…

caricatural

adj.

讽刺画的;滑稽的

caricature *

1. caricature caricatures
A caricature of someone is a drawing or description of them that exaggerates their appearance or behaviour in a humorous or critical way.

- The poster showed a caricature of Hitler with a devil's horns and tail.

- The Spanish Steps were crowded with the sellers of grotesque caricatures.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. caricature caricatures caricaturing caricatured
If you caricature someone, you draw or describe them in an exaggerated way in order to be humorous or critical.

- Her political career has been caricatured in headlines.

- He was caricatured as a turnip.

VB

3. caricature caricatures
If you describe something as a caricature of an event or situation, you mean that it is a very exaggerated account of it.

- Hall is angry at what he sees as a caricature of the training offered to modern-day social workers.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

caricature

noun

1.

parody

burlesque

cartoon

distortion

farce

lampoon

satire

send-up Brit. informal

takeoff informal

travesty

verb

2.

parody

burlesque

distort

lampoon

mimic

mock

ridicule

satirize

send up Brit. informal

take off informal

caricaturist

n.

讽刺画家,漫画家

caricaturist

caricaturist caricaturists
A caricaturist is a person who shows other people in an exaggerated way in order to be humorous or critical, especially in drawings or cartoons.
N-COUNT
= cartoonist

caries

[D.J.:ˈkeəri:z]

[K.K.:ˈkɛriz]

n.

龋齿,骨疡

caries

caries
Caries is decay in teeth. (TECHNICAL)

- Fluoride in drinking water can help prevent dental caries in the teeth of growing children.

N-UNCOUNT
= decay

car-jacker

car-jacker car-jackers
A car-jacker is someone who attacks and steals from people who are driving their own cars.
N-COUNT

carjacking

n.

劫车

carjacking

carjacking carjackings
A carjacking is an attack on a person who is driving their own car during which things may be stolen or they may be harmed physically.
N-VAR

carload

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:ləud]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrˌlod]

n.

车辆所载的货物,货车的最低载重量

carload

carload carloads
A carload of people or things is as many people or things as a car can carry.

- Wherever he goes, a carload of soldiers goes with him.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

carmine

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:main]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrmɪn, -ˌmaɪn]

n.,adj.

洋红色(的),深红色(的)

carmine

carmine
Carmine is a deep bright red colour. (LITERARY)

- ...a tulip with carmine petals.

COLOUR

carnage

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:nɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrnɪdʒ]

n.

大屠杀

carnage *

carnage
Carnage is the violent killing of large numbers of people, especially in a war. (LITERARY)

- ...his strategy for stopping the carnage in Kosovo.

- ...the carnage of motorway accidents.

N-UNCOUNT
= slaughter

carnage

noun

slaughter

blood bath

bloodshed

butchery

havoc

holocaust

massacre

mass murder

murder

shambles

carnal

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:nəl]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrnəl]

adj.

世俗的

肉体的;性欲的,好色的

carnality

n.

carnality

[kɑ:ˈnæliti]

n.

淫荡

carnal

carnal
Carnal feelings and desires are sexual and physical, without any spiritual element. (FORMAL)

- Their ruling passion is that of carnal love.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= sexual

carnal

adjective

sexual

erotic

fleshly

lascivious

lewd

libidinous

lustful

sensual

carnation

[D.J.:kɑ:ˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:kɑrˈneʃən]

n.

麝香石竹;康乃馨

carnation *

carnation carnations
A carnation is a plant with white, pink, or red flowers.
N-COUNT

carnival

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:nəvəl]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrnəvəl]

n.

狂欢节;嘉年华会

carnival **

1. carnival carnivals
A carnival is a public festival during which people play music and sometimes dance in the streets.
N-COUNT

2. carnival carnivals
A carnival is a travelling show which is held in a park or field and at which there are machines to ride on, entertainments, and games. (AM; in BRIT use funfair )
N-COUNT

3. carnival carnivals
A carnival of something such as colours or sounds is a bright or exciting mixture of them. (LITERARY)

- The avenues lined with jacaranda trees burst into a carnival of purple.

N-COUNT: N of n

carnival

noun

festival

celebration

fair

fête

fiesta

gala

holiday

jamboree

jubilee

merrymaking

revelry

carnivore

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:nəˌvɔ:, -ˌvəʊr]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrnəˌvɔr, -ˌvor]

n.

食肉动物,食虫植物

carnivore

1. carnivore carnivores
A carnivore is an animal that eats meat. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

2. carnivore carnivores
If you describe someone as a carnivore , you are saying, especially in a humorous way, that they eat meat.

- This is a vegetarian dish that carnivores love.

N-COUNT
= meat-eater ≠ vegetarian

carnivorous

[D.J.:kɑ:ˈnɪvərəs]

[K.K.:kɑrˈnɪvərəs]

adj.

(动物)食肉的

carnivorous

1. carnivorous
Carnivorous animals eat meat. (TECHNICAL)

- Snakes are carnivorous, mainly eating small animals such as rats and frogs.

ADJ

2. carnivorous
Carnivorous can be used, especially humorously, to describe someone who eats meat.
ADJ
= meat-eating

carob

[D.J.:ˈkærəb]

[K.K.:ˈkærəb]

n.

长豆角

carob

1. carob carobs
A carob or carob tree is a Mediterranean tree that stays green all year round. It has dark brown fruit that tastes similar to chocolate.
N-COUNT

2. carob
The dark brown fruit of the carob tree can be referred to as carob . It is often made into powder and used instead of chocolate.

- If you do yearn for chocolate, try a carob bar instead.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

carol

[D.J.:ˈkærəl]

[K.K.:ˈkærəl]

n.

圣诞之歌，(宗教)颂歌

vi.

欢乐地唱

唱圣诞颂歌

carol *

carol carols
Carols are Christian religious songs that are sung at Christmas.

- The singing of Christmas carols is a custom derived from early dance routines of pagan origin.

- There are presents to wrap, a Christmas tree to decorate and carol singers at the door.

N-COUNT

carol

noun

song

chorus

ditty

hymn

lay

carotid artery

carotid artery carotid arteries
A carotid artery is one of the two arteries in the neck that supply the head with blood. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

carouse

1. carouse carouses carousing caroused
If you say that people are carousing , you mean that they are behaving very noisily and drinking a lot of alcohol as they enjoy themselves.

- They told him to stay home with his wife instead of going out and carousing with friends.

VB

2. carousing

- The singing and carousing did not end until after midnight.

N-UNCOUNT

carousel

[D.J.:ˌkærəˈsel, -ˈzel]

[K.K.:ˌkærəˈsɛl, -ˈzɛl]

n.

旋转木马

carousel

1. carousel carousels
A carousel is a large circular machine with seats, often in the shape of animals or cars. People can sit on it and go round and round for fun.
N-COUNT
= merry-go-round roundabout

2. carousel carousels
At an airport, a carousel is a moving surface from which passengers can collect their luggage.
N-COUNT

carp

[D.J.:kɑ:p]

[K.K.:kɑrp]

n.

鲤鱼

vi.

挑剔;吹毛求疵;找茬儿

carper

n.

很挑剔的人

carping

adj.

挑剔的

carper

n.

吹毛求疵者,苛评者

carping

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:piŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrpɪŋ]

adj.

吹毛求疵的,挑毛病的

carp **

1. carp carps
A carp is a kind of fish that lives in lakes and rivers.
N-VAR carp can also be used as the plural form

2. carp carps carping carped
If you say that someone is carping , you mean that they keep criticizing or complaining about someone or something, especially in a way you think is unnecessary or annoying.

- He cannot understand why she's constantly carping at him.

- This was the man whom other trainers love to carp about.

VB disapproval

3. carping

- She was in no mood to put up with Blanche's carping.

N-UNCOUNT

carp

verb

find fault

cavil

complain

criticize

pick holes

quibble

reproach

car park **

car park car parks
A car park is an area or building where people can leave their cars. (BRIT; in AM use parking lot )
N-COUNT also carpark .

carpenter

[ˈkɑ:pintə]

n.

木工, 木匠

carpenter *

carpenter carpenters
A carpenter is a person whose job is making and repairing wooden things. Compare joiner .
N-COUNT

carpenter

noun

joiner

cabinet-maker

woodworker

carpentry

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:pəntrɪ]

n.

木工手艺;木匠业

carpentry

carpentry
Carpentry is the activity of making and repairing wooden things.
N-UNCOUNT

carpet

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:pit]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrpɪt]

n.

地毯

carpeting

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:pɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrpɪtɪŋ]

n.

地毯

carpet **

1. carpet carpets
A carpet is a thick covering of soft material which is laid over a floor or a staircase.

- They put down wooden boards, and laid new carpets on top.

- ...the stain on our living-room carpet.

N-VAR

2. carpet carpets carpeting carpeted
If a floor or a room is carpeted , a carpet is laid on the floor.

- The room had been carpeted and the windows glazed with coloured glass.

- The main gaming room was thickly carpeted.

VB: usu passive

3. carpet carpets
A carpet of something such as leaves or plants is a layer of them which covers the ground. (LITERARY)

- The carpet of leaves in my yard became more and more noticeable.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n
= layer

4. carpet carpets carpeting carpeted
If the ground is carpeted with something such as leaves or plants, it is completely covered by them. (LITERARY)

- The ground was thickly carpeted with pine needles.

VB: usu passive
= cover

carpeting

carpeting
You use carpeting to refer to a carpet, or to the type of material that is used to make carpets.

- ...the long lovely lounge with its wall-to-wall carpeting...

- Carpeting is about the cheapest covering one can put on a floor.

N-UNCOUNT
See also carpet .

carpetbagger

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:pɪtˌbægə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrpɪtˌbæɡɚ]

n.

美国内战后利用南方不定局势谋利的人

carpetbagger

carpetbagger carpetbaggers
If you call someone a carpetbagger , you disapprove of them because they are trying to become a politician in an area which is not their home, simply because they think they are more likely to succeed there. (AM)

- He had come to Washington, not as a common carpetbagger, but a man well known.

N-COUNT disapproval

carpet bombing

carpet bombing
Carpet bombing is heavy bombing from aircraft, with the intention of hitting as many places as possible in a particular area.
N-UNCOUNT

carpet slipper

carpet slipper carpet slippers
Carpet slippers are soft, comfortable slippers.
N-COUNT

car phone

car phone car phones
A car phone is a mobile phone , especially one which is designed to be used in a car.
N-COUNT

car pool

1. car pool
A car pool is an arrangement where a group of people take turns driving each other to work, or driving each other's children to school. In American English, car pool is sometimes used to refer simply to people travelling together in a car.

- His wife stays home to drive the children to school in the car pool.

- ...the carpool lanes in LA.

N-COUNT; also N n (BRIT) also carpool or car-pool

2. car pool car pools car pooling car pooled
If a group of people carpool , they take turns driving each other to work, or driving each other's children to school. (mainly AM or AUSTRALIAN)

- The government says fewer Americans are carpooling to work.

VB (BRIT) also carpool or car-pool

3. carpooling

- The State Government should encourage car pooling to cut the number of one-passenger cars on the roads.

- ...an organized car-pooling system.

N-UNCOUNT; also N n

4. car pool car pools
A carpool is a number of cars that are owned by a company or organization for the use of its employees or members.
N-COUNT (BRIT) also carpool or car-pool

car port

car port car ports
A car port is a shelter for cars which is attached to a house and consists of a flat roof supported on pillars.
N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) carport

carriage

[D.J.:ˈkæridʒ]

[K.K.:ˈkærɪdʒ]

n.

四轮马车; 车辆

车厢

举止, 仪态

carriage **

1. carriage carriages
A carriage is an old-fashioned vehicle, usually for a small number of passengers, which is pulled by horses.

- The President-elect followed in an open carriage drawn by six beautiful gray horses.

N-COUNT: also by N

2. carriage carriages
A carriage is one of the separate, long sections of a train that carries passengers. (BRIT; in AM usually use car )
N-COUNT
= coach

3. carriage carriages
A carriage is the same as a baby carriage . (AM)
N-COUNT

4. carriage
Carriage is the cost or action of transporting or delivering goods. (FORMAL) (BRIT; in AM usually use delivery charge )

- It costs £10.86 for one litre including carriage.

- If the Government introduces a carbon tax on road haulage, then carriage by water will become more attractive.

N-UNCOUNT
= delivery charge

5. carriage
Your carriage is the way you hold your body and head when you are walking, standing, or sitting. (LITERARY)

- Her legs were long and fine, her hips slender, her carriage erect.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss
= deportment

carriage

noun

1.

vehicle

cab

coach

conveyance

2.

bearing

air

behaviour

comportment

conduct

demeanour

deportment

gait

manner

posture

carriageway

[ˈkæridʒwei]

n.

车道,马路

carriageway *

carriageway carriageways
A carriageway is one side of a road on which traffic travelling in opposite directions is separated by a barrier. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

carrier

[D.J.:ˈkæriə]

[K.K.:ˈkæriɚ]

n.

搬运人; 送信人; 运输工具

带菌者

carrier ***

1. carrier carriers
A carrier is a vehicle that is used for carrying people, especially soldiers, or things.

- There were armoured personnel carriers and tanks on the streets.

- Deliveries are made by common carrier or van line.

N-COUNT
See also aircraft carrier .

2. carrier carriers
A carrier is a passenger airline.

- Switzerland's national carrier, Swissair, has been having a hard time recently.

N-COUNT

3. carrier carriers
A carrier is a person or an animal that is infected with a disease and so can make other people or animals ill.

- ...an AIDS carrier.

- ...carriers of disease such as mosquitoes and worms.

N-COUNT: usu n N, N of n

carrier bag

carrier bag carrier bags
A carrier bag is a bag made of plastic or paper which has handles and which you carry shopping in. (BRIT; in AM usually use shopping bag )
N-COUNT

carrion

[D.J.:ˈkæri:ən]

[K.K.:ˈkæriən]

n.

动物尸体的腐肉

污秽的东西

adj.

腐肉的; 腐臭的; 吃腐肉的; 腐败的; 秽行的

carrion

carrion
Carrion is the decaying flesh of dead animals.

- Crows circled overhead, looking for carrion.

N-UNCOUNT

carrot

[D.J.:ˈkærət]

[K.K.:ˈkærət]

n.

胡萝卜

carrot **

1. carrot carrots
Carrots are long, thin, orange-coloured vegetables. They grow under the ground, and have green shoots above the ground.
N-VAR

2. carrot carrots
Something that is offered to people in order to persuade them to do something can be referred to as a carrot . Something that is meant to persuade people not to do something can be referred to in the same sentence as a `stick'.

- They will be set targets, with a carrot of extra cash and pay if they achieve them.

- Why the new emphasis on sticks instead of diplomatic carrots?

N-COUNT
= incentive

See also carrot and stick .

carrot and stick

carrot and stick
If an organization has a carrot and stick approach or policy, they offer people things in order to persuade them to do something and punish them if they refuse to do it.

- Congress also wants to use a carrot and stick approach to force both sides to negotiate an end to the war.

ADJ: ADJ n

carried

[ˈkærid]

adj.

被携带的,被运载的

carry

[D.J.:ˈkæri]

[K.K.:ˈkæri]

vt.

提, 挑, 背

支撑, 支持

vt. & vi.

运送, 搬运

携带, 具有, 包含

carrying

[ˈkæriiŋ]

adj.

运送的,运输的

carry *****

1. carry carries carrying carried
If you carry something, you take it with you, holding it so that it does not touch the ground.

- He was carrying a briefcase.

- He carried the plate through to the dining room.

- She carried her son to the car.

- If your job involves a lot of paperwork, you're going to need something to carry it all in.

VB

2. carry carries carrying carried
If you carry something, you have it with you wherever you go.

- You have to carry a bleeper so that they can call you in at any time.

VB

3. carry carries carrying carried
If something carries a person or thing somewhere, it takes them there.

- Flowers are designed to attract insects which then carry the pollen from plant to plant.

- The delegation was carrying a message of thanks to President Mubarak.

- The ship could carry seventy passengers.

VB
= transport

4. carry carries carrying carried
If a person or animal is carrying a disease, they are infected with it and can pass it on to other people or animals.

- The official number of people carrying the AIDS virus is low.

- Frogs eat pests which destroy crops and carry diseases.

VB

5. carry carries carried
If an action or situation has a particular quality or consequence, you can say that it carries it.

- Check that any medication you're taking carries no risk for your developing baby.

- Individualism, and the breakdown of social harmony, had a constructive purpose. But they also carried a price.

VB: no passive, no cont

6. carry carries carrying carried
If a quality or advantage carries someone into a particular position or through a difficult situation, it helps them to achieve that position or deal with that situation.

- He had the ruthless streak necessary to carry him into the Cabinet.

- The warmth and strength of their relationship carried them through difficult times.

VB

7. carry carries carrying carried
If you carry an idea or a method to a particular extent, you use or develop it to that extent.

- It's not such a new idea, but I carried it to extremes.

- We could carry that one step further by taking the same genes and putting them into another crop.

VB
= take

8. carry carries carrying carried
If a newspaper or poster carries a picture or a piece of writing, it contains it or displays it.

- Several papers carry the photograph of Mr Anderson.

VB

9. carry carries carrying carried
In a debate, if a proposal or motion is carried , a majority of people vote in favour of it.

- A motion backing its economic policy was carried by 322 votes to 296.

VB: usu passive

10. carry carries carried
If a crime carries a particular punishment, a person who is found guilty of that crime will receive that punishment.

- It was a crime of espionage and carried the death penalty.

VB: no cont

11. carry carries carrying carried
If a sound carries , it can be heard a long way away.

- Even in this stillness Leaphorn doubted if the sound would carry far.

VB

12. carry carries carrying carried
If a candidate or party carries a state or area, they win the election in that state or area. (AM; in BRIT usually use take )

- George W. Bush carried the state with 56 percent of the vote.

VB: no passive

13. carry carries carrying carried
If you carry yourself in a particular way, you walk and move in that way.

- They carried themselves with great pride and dignity.

VB

14. carry carries carrying carried
If a woman is carrying a child, she is pregnant. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- There are many theories that claim to be able to predict whether you're carrying a boy or a girl.

VB: usu cont

15. carry
If you get carried away or are carried away , you are so eager or excited about something that you do something hasty or foolish.

- I got completely carried away and almost cried.

PHR: V inflects
= lose control ≠ keep control

16. carry
If a person or team carries all before them , they succeed very easily.

- In the formative years their alliance carried all before it.

PHR: V inflects

carry

verb

1.

transport

bear

bring

conduct

convey

fetch

haul

lug

move

relay

take

transfer

2.

win

accomplish

capture

effect

gain

secure

carry off *****

1. carry off carries off; carrying off; carried off
If you carry something off , you do it successfully.

- He's got the experience and the authority to carry it off.

PHR-V

2. carry off carries off; carrying off; carried off
If you carry off a prize or a trophy, you win it.

- It carried off the Evening Standard drama award for best play.

PHR-V

carry on *****

1. carry on carries on; carrying on; carried on
If you carry on doing something, you continue to do it.

- The assistant carried on talking.

- Rachael Carr intends to carry on teaching.

- Her bravery has given him the will to carry on with his life and his work.

- His eldest son Joseph carried on his father's traditions.

- `Do you mind if I just start with the few formal questions please?' --- `Carry on.'

PHR-V
= continue

2. carry on carries on; carrying on; carried on
If you carry on an activity, you do it or take part in it for a period of time.

- The consulate will carry on a political dialogue with Indonesia.

- He carried on a passionate affair with Mrs Gilbert.

PHR-V
= conduct

3. carry on carries on; carrying on; carried on
If you say that someone is carrying on , you are irritated with them because they are talking very excitedly and saying a lot of unnecessary things. (INFORMAL)

- She was yelling and screaming and carrying on.

- He was carrying on about some stupid television series.

PHR-V disapproval
= make a fuss

4. carry on carries on; carrying on; carried on
If you say that someone is carrying on with someone else, you mean that they are having a sexual relationship and you do not approve of this, usually because one or both of them is married. (INFORMAL)

- Every week a fresh scandal emerges about ministers carrying on with film actresses and call girls.

PHR-V: usu cont disapproval
= have an affair

carry on

verb

1.

continue

endure

keep going

last

maintain

perpetuate

persevere

persist

2.

make a fuss

create slang

misbehave

raise Cain

carry out *****

carry out carries out; carrying out; carried out
If you carry out a threat, task, or instruction, you do it or act according to it.

- The Social Democrats could still carry out their threat to leave the government.

- Police say they believe the attacks were carried out by nationalists.

- Commitments have been made with very little intention of carrying them out.

PHR-V

carry out

verb Informal

perform

accomplish

achieve

carry through

effect

execute

fulfil

implement

realize

carry over *****

carry over carries over; carrying over; carried over
If something carries over or is carried over from one situation to another, it continues to exist or apply in the new situation.

- Priestley's rational outlook in science carried over to religion.

- Springs and wells were decorated, a custom which was carried over into Christian times in Europe.

PHR-V-ERG

carry through *****

carry through carries through; carrying through; carried through
If you carry something through , you do it or complete it, often in spite of difficulties.

- We don't have the confidence that the UN will carry through a sustained program.

- The state announced a clear-cut policy and set out to carry it through.

PHR-V

carryall

[D.J.:ˈkæriɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈkæriˌɔl]

n.

单马马车,旅行提袋

carryall

carryall carryalls
A carryall is a large bag made of nylon, canvas, or leather, which you use to carry your clothes and other possessions, for example when you are travelling. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use holdall )
N-COUNT

carrycot

[ˈkærikɔt]

n.

〈英〉手提式婴儿床

carrycot

carrycot carrycots
A carrycot is a small bed for babies which has handles so it can be carried. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

cart

[D.J.:kɑ:t]

[K.K.:kɑrt]

n.

运货马车; 手推车

vt.

用马车载运

carting

运出

cart **

1. cart carts
A cart is an old-fashioned wooden vehicle that is used for transporting goods or people. Some carts are pulled by animals.

- ...a country where horse-drawn carts far outnumber cars.

N-COUNT
= wagon

2. cart carts carting carted
If you cart things or people somewhere, you carry them or transport them there, often with difficulty. (INFORMAL)

- After both their parents died, one of their father's relatives carted off the entire contents of the house.

- One of them protests loudly, and the Americans cart him away in plastic handcuffs.

- I've been trying to cut down on the stuff that I cart around with me.

VB

3. cart carts
A cart is a small vehicle with a motor. (AM)

- Cars are prohibited, so transportation is by electric cart or by horse and buggy.

- He drove up in a golf cart to watch them.

N-COUNT

4. cart carts
A cart or a shopping cart is a large metal basket on wheels which is provided by shops such as supermarkets for customers to use while they are in the shop. (AM; in BRIT use trolley )
N-COUNT

5. cart
If you say that someone is putting the cart before the horse , you mean that they are doing things in the wrong order. (INFORMAL)

- This puts the cart before the horse; elections should follow, not precede, agreement on a constitution.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

carte blanche

carte blanche
If someone gives you carte blanche , they give you the authority to do whatever you think is right.

- She gave the children carte blanche to do what they liked.

- She was given carte blanche with the redecoration.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to-inf

cartel

[D.J.:kɑ:ˈtel]

[K.K.:kɑrˈtɛl]

n.

<经>卡特尔,企业联合

cartel **

cartel cartels
A cartel is an association of similar companies or businesses that have grouped together in order to prevent competition and to control prices.

- ...a drug cartel...

- Since 1993 OPEC, the oil cartel dominated by Saudi Arabia, has kept its output constant at around 25m barrels a day

N-COUNT

carthorse

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:tˌhɔ:s]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrtˌhɔrs]

n.

拖货车的马;干重活儿的马

carthorse

carthorse carthorses
A carthorse is a large, powerful horse that is used to pull carts or farm machinery.

- Where we use tractors, obviously they used cart-horses in those days.

N-COUNT also cart-horse .

cartilage

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:tlɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrtlɪdʒ]

n.

<解>软骨

软骨结构

cartilaginous

adj.

软骨的;像软骨的

cartilaginous

[D.J.:ˌkɑ:tiˈlædʒinəs]

[K.K.:ˌkɑrtlˈædʒənəs]

adj.

软骨的,软骨质的

cartilage *

cartilage cartilages
Cartilage is a strong, flexible substance in your body, especially around your joints and in your nose.

- Andre Agassi has pulled out of next week's Grand Slam Cup after tearing a cartilage in his chest.

N-VAR

cartographer

[D.J.:kɑ:ˈtɔgrəfə]

[K.K.:kɑrˈtɑɡrəfɚ]

n.

制图者

cartography

[D.J.:kɑ:ˈtɔgrəfi:]

[K.K.:kɑrˈtɑɡrəfi]

n.

制图学,制图法

cartographer

n.

cartographic

adj.

cartographer

cartographer cartographers
A cartographer is a person whose job is drawing maps.
N-COUNT

cartography

cartography
Cartography is the art or activity of drawing maps and geographical charts.
N-UNCOUNT

carton

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:tən]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrtn]

n.

纸板箱; 纸板盒

carton *

1. carton cartons
A carton is a plastic or cardboard container in which food or drink is sold.

- A two-pint carton of milk comes cheaper than two single pints.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. carton cartons
A carton is a large, strong cardboard box in which goods are stored and transported. (AM)
N-COUNT

carton

noun

box

case

container

pack

package

packet

cartoon

[D.J.:kɑ:ˈtu:n]

[K.K.:kɑrˈtun]

n.

漫画

动画片, 卡通片

cartoon **

1. cartoon cartoons
A cartoon is a humorous drawing or series of drawings in a newspaper or magazine.

- One of Britain's best-loved cartoon characters, Rupert the Bear, celebrates his seventieth birthday today.

N-COUNT
See also strip cartoon .

2. cartoon cartoons
A cartoon is a film in which all the characters and scenes are drawn rather than being real people or objects.

- ...a TV set blares out a cartoon comedy.

N-COUNT

cartoon

noun

1.

drawing

caricature

comic strip

lampoon

parody

satire

sketch

takeoff informal

2.

animation

animated cartoon

animated film

cartoonist

[kɑ:ˈtu:nist]

n.

漫画家

cartoonist *

cartoonist cartoonists
A cartoonist is a person whose job is to draw cartoons for newspapers and magazines.
N-COUNT

cartoon strip

cartoon strip cartoon strips
A cartoon strip is a series of drawings that tells a story. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT
= strip cartoon

cartridge

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:tridʒ]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrtrɪdʒ]

n.

子弹; 弹药筒; 弹壳

(唱机的)唱头; (拾音器的)心座

录音带盒; 胶卷盒; 钢笔囊

(打印机的)墨盒

cartridge *

1. cartridge cartridges
A cartridge is a metal or cardboard tube containing a bullet and an explosive substance. Cartridges are used in guns.
N-COUNT

2. cartridge cartridges
A cartridge is part of a machine or device that can be easily removed and replaced when it is worn out or empty.

- Change the filter cartridge as often as instructed by the manufacturer.

N-COUNT

cartridge

noun

1.

shell

charge

round

2.

container

capsule

case

cassette

cylinder

magazine

cartwheel

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:twi:l]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrtˌhwil, -ˌwil]

n.

(货车的)车轮,横斤斗

cartwheel

1. cartwheel cartwheels
If you do a cartwheel , you do a fast, circular movement with your body. You fall sideways, put your hands on the ground, swing your legs over, and return to a standing position.

- Their four children turn cartwheels in the grass as we talk.

N-COUNT

2. cartwheel cartwheels cartwheeling cartwheeled
If a person or something such as a vehicle cartwheels down or across something in an uncontrollable way, they turn over and over.

- Suddenly I was cartwheeling down the slope, all orientation gone.

- The two cars cartwheeled horrifyingly into the sand trap at the first corner.

VB
= roll

carve

[D.J.:kɑ:v]

[K.K.:kɑrv]

vt. & vi.

切, 切碎

雕刻

carved

adj.

有雕刻的

carving

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:vɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrvɪŋ]

n.

雕刻,雕刻术

雕刻品;雕刻物

carve **

1. carve carves carving carved
If you carve an object, you make it by cutting it out of a substance such as wood or stone. If you carve something such as wood or stone into an object, you make the object by cutting it out.

- One of the prisoners has carved a beautiful wooden chess set.

- He carves his figures from white pine.

- I picked up a piece of wood and started carving.

- ...carved stone figures.

VB
= sculpt

See also carving .

2. carve carves carving carved
If you carve writing or a design on an object, you cut it into the surface of the object.

- He carved his name on his desk.

- The ornately carved doors were made in the seventeenth century.

VB

3. carve carves carving carved
If you carve a piece of cooked meat, you cut slices from it so that you can eat it.

- Andrew began to carve the chicken.

- Carve the beef into slices.

VB

4. carve carves carving carved
If you carve a career or a niche for yourself, you succeed in getting the career or the position that you want by your own efforts.

- She has carved a niche for herself as a comic actor.

- They may be loyally standing by their men, but they are also carving their own careers.

- The girl from nowhere clearly means to carve herself a place in history.

VB: no passive

5. carve out carves out; carving out; carved out
Carve out means the same as carve .

- He is hoping to carve out a much greater role for himself.

- Wood has not had much luck in carving out a career.

PHR-V: no passive

6. carve carves carving carved
If a road is carved through a place, it is built so that it goes through that place.

- Two three-lane roads will be carved through countryside.

VB: usu passive

carving *

1. carving carvings
A carving is an object or a design that has been cut out of a material such as stone or wood.

- ...a wood carving of a human hand.

N-COUNT: oft n N

2. carving
Carving is the art of carving objects, or of carving designs or writing on objects.

- I found wood carving satisfying and painting fun.

N-UNCOUNT: usu n N

carve

verb

cut

chip

chisel

engrave

etch

hew

mould

sculpt

slice

whittle

carve up **

1. carve up carves up; carving up; carved up
If you say that someone carves something up , you disapprove of the way they have divided it into small parts.

- He has set about carving up the company which Hammer created from almost nothing.

- They have begun carving the country up like a pie.

PHR-V disapproval

2. carve up carves up; carving up; carved up
To carve someone up means to hurt them badly using a knife. (INFORMAL)

- He wanted to go into the street and carve someone's face up.

PHR-V

carver

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:və]

[K.K.:ˈkɑrvɚ]

n.

雕刻师,雕工;切肉人

切肉刀

carver *

carver carvers
A carver is a person who carves wood or stone, as a job or as a hobby.

- The ivory industry employed about a thousand carvers.

N-COUNT: oft n N

carving knife

carving knife carving knives
A carving knife is a long sharp knife that is used to cut cooked meat.
N-COUNT

cascade

[D.J.:kæˈskeɪd]

[K.K.:kæˈsked]

n.

小瀑布

瀑布状物

cascaded

级联的

cascades

叶棚

cascading

喷泻;梯流;级联效应

cascade *

1. cascade cascades
If you refer to a cascade of something, you mean that there is a large amount of it. (LITERARY)

- The women have lustrous cascades of black hair.

- A cascade of mail arrived from friends.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

2. cascade cascades
A cascade is a waterfall . (LITERARY)
N-COUNT

3. cascade cascades cascading cascaded
If water cascades somewhere, it pours or flows downwards very fast and in large quantities.

- She hung on as the freezing, rushing water cascaded past her.

- A waterfall cascades down the cliff from the hills behind.

VB

4. cascade cascades cascading cascaded
If one thing cascades over another, it falls or hangs over it. (LITERARY)

- Vivid red and pink geraniums cascade over my balcony.

- From her tiny waist a crinolined skirt cascaded in three deep tiers.

VB

cascade

noun

1.

waterfall

avalanche

cataract

deluge

downpour

falls

flood

fountain

outpouring

shower

torrent

verb

2.

flow

descend

fall

flood

gush

overflow

pitch

plunge

pour

spill

surge

teem

tumble

case

[D.J.:keis]

[K.K.:kes]

n.

事例, 实例

实情, 情况

病例, 病症, 患者

被警方调查的案件, 诉讼案

容器, 包装

手提箱

cases

n.

案例

case 1 instances and other abstract meanings *****

1. case cases
A particular case is a particular situation or incident, especially one that you are using as an individual example or instance of something.

- Surgical training takes at least nine years, or 11 in the case of obstetrics.

- Suffering can have beneficial results and certainly I know that was true in my case.

- In extreme cases, insurance companies can prosecute for fraud.

- The Honduran press published reports of eighteen cases of alleged baby snatching.

N-COUNT: oft in N, N of n

2. case cases
A case is a person or their particular problem that a doctor, social worker, or other professional is dealing with.

- Dr Thomas Bracken describes the case of a 45-year-old Catholic priest much given to prayer whose left knee became painful.

- Some cases of arthritis respond to a gluten-free diet.

- Child protection workers were meeting to discuss her case.

N-COUNT

3. case cases
If you say that someone is a sad case or a hopeless case , you mean that they are in a sad situation or a hopeless situation.

- I knew I was going to make it -- that I wasn't a hopeless case.

N-COUNT: adj N
See also basket case , nut case .

4. case cases
A case is a crime or mystery that the police are investigating.

- The police have several suspects in the case of five murders committed in Gainesville, Florida.

- Mr. Hitchens said you have solved some very unusual cases.

N-COUNT

5. case cases
The case for or against a plan or idea consists of the facts and reasons used to support it or oppose it.

- He sat there while I made the case for his dismissal.

- Both these facts strengthen the case against hanging.

- She argued her case.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N for/against n

6. case cases
In law, a case is a trial or other legal inquiry.

- It can be difficult for public figures to win a libel case.

- The case was brought by his family, who say their reputation has been damaged by allegations about him.

N-COUNT
See also test case .

7. case
You say in any case when you are adding something which is more important than what you have just said, but which supports or corrects it.

- The concert was booked out, and in any case, most of the people gathered in the square could not afford the price of a ticket.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis
= anyway besides

8. case
You say in any case after talking about things that you are not sure about, to emphasize that your next statement is the most important thing or the thing that you are sure about.

- Either he escaped, or he came to grief. In any case, he was never seen again.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis
= at any rate

9. case
If you do something in case or just in case a particular thing happens, you do it because that thing might happen.

- In case anyone was following me, I made an elaborate detour.

- Extra boiling water should be kept at hand just in case it is needed.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

10. case
If you do something or have something in case of a particular thing, you do it or have it because that thing might happen or be true.

- Many shops along the route have been boarded up in case of trouble.

PHR-PREP: PHR n

11. case
You use in case in expressions like `in case you didn't know' or `in case you've forgotten' when you are telling someone in a rather irritated way something that you think is either obvious or none of their business.

- She's nervous about something, in case you didn't notice.

- `I'm waiting for Mary Ann,' she said, `in case you're wondering.'

PHR: PHR with cl feelings

12. case
You say in that case or in which case to indicate that what you are going to say is true if the possible situation that has just been mentioned actually exists.

- Perhaps you've some doubts about the attack. In that case it may interest you to know that Miss Woods witnessed it.

- Members are concerned that a merger might mean higher costs, in which case they would oppose it.

PHR: PHR with cl

13. case
You can say that you are doing something just in case to refer vaguely to the possibility that a thing might happen or be true, without saying exactly what it is.

- I guess we've already talked about this but I'll ask you again just in case.

PHR: PHR with cl

14. case
You say as the case may be or whatever the case may be to indicate that the statement you are making applies equally to the two or more alternatives that you have mentioned.

- They know how everything works -- or doesn't work, as the case may be.

PHR

15. case
If you say that a task or situation is a case of a particular thing, you mean that it consists of that thing or can be described as that thing.

- It's a case of relaxing, then playing.

- It's not a case of whether anyone would notice or not.

PHR
= a matter of

16. case
If you say that something is a case in point , you mean that it is a good example of something you have just mentioned.

- In many cases religious persecution is the cause of people fleeing their country. A case in point is colonial India.

PHR

17. case
If you say that something is the case , you mean that it is true or correct.

- You'll probably notice her having difficulty swallowing. If this is the case, give her plenty of liquids.

- Consumers had hoped the higher prices would mean more goods in stores. But that was not the case.

PHR: V inflects

case 2 containers **

1. case cases
A case is a container that is specially designed to hold or protect something.

- ...a black case for his spectacles.

- ...a 10-foot-long stuffed alligator in a glass case.

N-COUNT: oft n N
See also attach´e case , bookcase , briefcase , packing case , pillowcase , showcase .

2. case cases
A case is a suitcase .
N-COUNT

3. case cases
A case of wine or other alcoholic drink is a box containing a number of bottles, usually twelve, which is sold as a single unit.

- ...a case of champagne.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

case 3 grammar term

case cases
In the grammar of many languages, the case of a group such as a noun group or adjective group is the form it has which shows its relationship to other groups in the sentence. See accusative , nominative .
N-COUNT

case

noun

1.

instance

example

illustration

occasion

occurrence

specimen

2.

situation

circumstance(s)

condition

context

contingency

event

position

state

3.

lawsuit

action

dispute

proceedings

suit

trial

case

noun Law

1.

container

box

canister

carton

casket

chest

crate

holder

receptacle

suitcase

tray

2.

covering

capsule

casing

envelope

jacket

sheath

shell

wrapper

casebook

[D.J.:ˈkeisbuk]

[K.K.:ˈkesˌbʊk]

n.

个案记录簿

casebook

casebook casebooks
A casebook is a written record of the cases dealt with by someone such as a doctor, social worker, or police officer.
N-COUNT

case history

case history case histories
A person's case history is the record of past events or problems that have affected them, especially their medical history.

- I took her to a homoeopath, who started by taking a very long and detailed case history.

N-COUNT

case law

case law
Case law is law that has been established by following decisions made by judges in earlier cases. (LEGAL)
N-UNCOUNT

caseload

[D.J.:ˈkeisləud]

[K.K.:ˈkesˌlod]

n.

待处理案件的数量

caseload

caseload caseloads
The caseload of someone such as a doctor, social worker, or lawyer is the number of cases that they have to deal with.

- His caseload of 200 active files increased to 350 as waves of new clients arrived.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

casement

[D.J.:ˈkeismənt]

[K.K.:ˈkesmənt]

n.

窗扉

casement

casement casements
A casement or a casement window is a window that opens by means of hinges, usually at the side. (WRITTEN)
N-COUNT

case study *

case study case studies
A case study is a written account that gives detailed information about a person, group, or thing and their development over a period of time.

- ...a large case study of malaria in West African children.

N-COUNT

casework

[D.J.:ˈkeiswə:k]

[K.K.:ˈkesˌwɚk]

n.

生活环境调查

casework

casework
Casework is social work that involves actually dealing or working with the people who need help.
N-UNCOUNT

caseworker

n.

社会工作者

caseworker

caseworker caseworkers
A caseworker is someone who does casework.
N-COUNT

cash

[D.J.:kæʃ]

[K.K.:kæʃ]

n.

钱, 现款

vt.

把支票兑换成现金

cashing

[ˈkæʃiŋ]

n.

兑现

cash ****

1. cash
Cash is money in the form of notes and coins rather than cheques.

- ...two thousand pounds in cash.

N-UNCOUNT
See also hard cash , petty cash .

2. cash
Cash means the same as money, especially money which is immediately available. (INFORMAL)

- ...a state-owned financial-services group with plenty of cash.

N-UNCOUNT
= money

3. cash cashes cashing cashed
If you cash a cheque, you exchange it at a bank for the amount of money that it is worth.

- There are similar charges if you want to cash a cheque or withdraw money at a branch other than your own.

VB

cash

noun

money

brass Northern English dialect

coinage

currency

dough slang

funds

notes

ready money

silver

cash in ****

1. cash in cashes in; cashing in; cashed in
If you say that someone cashes in on a situation, you are criticizing them for using it to gain an advantage, often in an unfair or dishonest way.

- Residents said local gang leaders had cashed in on the violence to seize valuable land.

- He said that public servants should use government to serve and not to cash in.

PHR-V disapproval

2. cash in cashes in; cashing in; cashed in
If you cash in something such as an insurance policy, you exchange it for money.

- Avoid cashing in a policy early as you could lose out heavily.

- He did not cash in his shares.

PHR-V

cash-and-carry

[D.J.:ˈkæʃənˈkæri]

[K.K.:ˈkæʃənˈkæri]

adj.,n.

〈美〉现购自运(的)

cash-and-carry

cash-and-carry cash-and-carries
A cash-and-carry is a large shop where you can buy goods in larger quantities and at lower prices than in ordinary shops. Cash-and-carries are mainly used by people in business to buy goods for their shops or companies.
N-COUNT
= wholesaler's

cash card

cash card cash cards
A cash card is a card that banks give to their customers so that they can get money out of a cash dispenser. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also cashcard .
= cashpoint card

cash cow

cash cow cash cows
In business, a cash cow is a product or investment that steadily continues to be profitable.
N-COUNT

cash crop

cash crop cash crops
A cash crop is a crop that is grown in order to be sold.

- Cranberries have become a major cash crop.

N-COUNT

cash desk

cash desk cash desks
A cash desk is a place in a large shop where you pay for the things you want to buy. (BRIT; in AM use cashier's desk )
N-COUNT
= counter

cash dispenser

cash dispenser cash dispensers
A cash dispenser is a machine built into the wall of a bank or other building, which allows people to take out money from their bank account using a special card. (BRIT; in AM use ATM )
N-COUNT
= cashpoint

cashew

[D.J.:ˈkæʃu:, kəˈʃu:]

[K.K.:ˈkæʃu, kəˈʃu]

n.

腰果,腰果树

cashew

cashew cashews
A cashew or a cashew nut is a curved nut that you can eat.
N-COUNT

cash flow *

cash flow
The cash flow of a firm or business is the movement of money into and out of it.

- A French-based pharmaceuticals company ran into cash-flow problems and faced liquidation.

N-UNCOUNT also cashflow .

cashier

[D.J.:kæˈʃiə]

[K.K.:kæˈʃɪr]

n.

出纳员

vt.

革除(军官)职务

cashier *

1. cashier cashiers
A cashier is a person who customers pay money to or get money from in places such as shops or banks.
N-COUNT

2. cashier cashiers cashiering cashiered
If a person in the armed forces is cashiered , he or she is forced to leave because they have done something seriously wrong.

- The government had to recall many officers who had been cashiered on political grounds.

- ...a cashiered army colonel.

VB: usu passive

cashier

noun

teller

bank clerk

banker

bursar

clerk

purser

treasurer

cashier

verb

dismiss

discard

discharge

drum out

expel

give the boot to slang

cashier's check

cashier's check cashier's checks
A cashier's check is one which a cashier signs and which is drawn on a bank's own funds. (AM)
N-COUNT

cashier's desk

cashier's desk cashier's desks
A cashier's desk is the same as a cash desk . (AM)
N-COUNT

cashmere

[D.J.:ˈkæʒˌmɪə, ˈkæʃ-]

[K.K.:ˈkæʒˌmɪr, ˈkæʃ-]

n.

开司米;山羊绒

cashmere *

cashmere
Cashmere is a kind of very fine, soft wool.

- ...a big soft cashmere sweater.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

cashpoint

[D.J.:ˈkæʃˌpɔɪnt]

[K.K.:ˈkæʃˌpɔɪnt]

自动提款机

cashpoint.

n.

自动柜员机,自动提款机

cashpoint

cashpoint cashpoints
A cashpoint is the same as a cash dispenser . (BRIT; in AM use ATM )
N-COUNT

cash register

cash register cash registers
A cash register is a machine in a shop, pub, or restaurant that is used to add up and record how much money people pay, and in which the money is kept.
N-COUNT
= till

cash-starved

cash-starved
A cash-starved company or organization does not have enough money to operate properly, usually because another organization, such as the government, is not giving them the money that they need. (JOURNALISM)

- We are heading for a crisis, with cash-starved councils forced to cut back on vital community services.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

cash-strapped

cash-strapped
If a person or organization is cash-strapped , they do not have enough money to buy or pay for the things they want or need. (JOURNALISM)

- Union leaders say the wage package is the best they believe the cash-strapped government will offer.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

casing

[D.J.:ˈkeɪsɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkesɪŋ]

n.

框;壳;罩;套

箱;盒

(轮的)外胎;(香肠的)肠衣;(油井的)套管

casing

casing casings
A casing is a substance or object that covers something and protects it.

- ...the outer casings of missiles.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

casino

[D.J.:kəˈsi:nəʊ]

[K.K.:kəˈsino]

n.

赌场;娱乐场

casino **

casino casinos
A casino is a building or room where people play gambling games such as roulette.
N-COUNT

cask

[D.J.:kæsk]

[K.K.:kæsk]

n.

(尤指盛酒精饮料的)桶

一桶的量

cask

cask casks
A cask is a wooden barrel that is used for storing things, especially alcoholic drink.

- The casks of sherry are stored horizontally one on top of the other.

N-COUNT
= barrel

casket

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:skit]

[K.K.:ˈkæskɪt]

n.

首饰盒,匣子,〈美〉棺材

casket

1. casket caskets
A casket is a small box in which you keep valuable things. (LITERARY)
N-COUNT

2. casket caskets
A casket is a coffin . (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

casket

noun

box

case

chest

coffer

jewel box

cassava

[D.J.:kəˈsɑ:və]

[K.K.:kəˈsɑvə]

n.

木薯

cassava

1. cassava
Cassava is a South American plant with thick roots. It is grown for food.
N-UNCOUNT
= manioc

2. cassava
Cassava is a substance that comes from the root of the cassava plant and is used to make flour.
N-UNCOUNT

casserole

[D.J.:ˈkæsəˌrəʊl]

[K.K.:ˈkæsəˌrol]

n.

焙盘;砂锅

焙盘菜;砂锅菜

casserole *

1. casserole casseroles
A casserole is a dish made of meat and vegetables that have been cooked slowly in a liquid.

- ...a huge beef casserole, full of herbs, vegetables and wine.

N-COUNT: oft n N

2. casserole casseroles
A casserole or a casserole dish is a large heavy container with a lid. You cook casseroles and other dishes in it.

- Place all the chopped vegetables into a casserole dish.

- ...a flameproof casserole.

N-COUNT

3. casserole casseroles casseroling casseroled
If you casserole meat and vegetables, you cook them slowly in a liquid.

- If you casserole chicken pieces, take the skin off first.

- ...casseroled chicken.

VB

cassette

[D.J.:kəˈset, kæ-]

[K.K.:kəˈsɛt, kæ-]

n.

盒式录音带,盒式录像带

cassette **

1. cassette cassettes
A cassette is a small, flat, rectangular plastic case containing magnetic tape which is used for recording and playing back sound or film.

- His two albums released on cassette have sold more than 10 million copies.

N-COUNT: also on N
= tape

2. cassette cassettes
A cassette is the container or case for the film that you load into a camera.
N-COUNT

cassette player

cassette player cassette players
A cassette player is a machine that is used for playing cassettes and sometimes also recording them.
N-COUNT

cassette recorder

cassette recorder cassette recorders
A cassette recorder is a machine that is used for recording and listening to cassettes.
N-COUNT
= tape recorder

cassock

[D.J.:ˈkæsək]

[K.K.:ˈkæsək]

n.

(教士穿的黑色或红色的)长袍

cassock

cassock cassocks
A cassock is a long piece of clothing, often black, that is worn by members of the clergy in some churches.
N-COUNT

cast

[D.J.:kɑ:st]

[K.K.:kæst]

vt. & vi.

投, 掷, 扔

浇铸

vt.

投射, 加…于

分配(演戏剧等的)角色

n.

投, 掷, 抛, 扔

铸造物; 塑件

石膏

演员表, 全体演员

n.

原主人不再要的衣服/casting vote决定票

casting

[D.J.:ˈkæstɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkæstɪŋ]

n.

投;掷

铸造(物)

放弃;蜕皮

角色的分派

the casting couch

角色选派过程中的性交易(尤指女子同意与某人发生性关系以在影片或电视节目中得到角色)

cast ****

1. cast casts
The cast of a play or film is all the people who act in it.

- The show is very amusing and the cast are very good.

N-COUNT-COLL The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. cast casts casting
To cast an actor in a play or film means to choose them to act a particular role in it.

- The world premiere of Harold Pinter's new play casts Ian Holm in the lead role.

- He was cast as a college professor.

- He had no trouble casting the movie.

VB The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

3. casting

- The film could have done without the casting of the director's daughter in a central role.

- ...the casting director of Ealing film studios.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n, N n

4. cast casts casting
To cast someone in a particular way or as a particular thing means to describe them in that way or suggest they are that thing.

- Democrats have been worried about being cast as the party of the poor.

- Holland would never dare cast himself as a virtuoso pianist.

VB The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

5. cast casts casting
If you cast your eyes or cast a look in a particular direction, you look quickly in that direction. (WRITTEN)

- He cast a stern glance at the two men.

- I cast my eyes down briefly.

- The maid, casting black looks, hurried out.

VB The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

6. cast casts casting
If something casts a light or shadow somewhere, it causes it to appear there. (WRITTEN)

- The moon cast a bright light over the yard.

- They flew in over the beach, casting a huge shadow.

VB The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

7. cast casts casting
To cast doubt on something means to cause people to be unsure about it.

- Last night a top criminal psychologist cast doubt on the theory.

VB The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

8. cast casts casting
When you cast your vote in an election, you vote.

- About ninety-five per cent of those who cast their votes approve the new constitution.

- Gaviria had been widely expected to obtain well over half the votes cast.

VB The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

9. cast casts casting
To cast something or someone somewhere means to throw them there. (LITERARY)

- Any true lover casting a pin into the fountain and gazing into it will see his or her future partner.

- John had Maude and her son cast into a dungeon.

VB The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

10. cast casts casting
If someone casts a fishing line or casts , they throw one end of the fishing line into the water.

- Some way from them, the fisherman cast his line.

VB The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

11. cast casts casting
To cast an object means to make it by pouring a liquid such as hot metal into a specially shaped container and leaving it there until it becomes hard.

- The stair grips, cast in either brass or bronze, resemble exotic sea shells.

VB The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

12. cast casts
A cast is a model that has been made by pouring a liquid such as plaster or hot metal onto something or into something, so that when it hardens it has the same shape as that thing.

- An orthodontist took a cast of the inside of Billy's mouth to make a dental plate.

N-COUNT: oft N of n The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= casting

13. cast casts
A cast is the same as a plaster cast .
N-COUNT The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

14. cast casts
If someone has a particular cast of mind or cast of thought, they have that kind of character or way of thinking of things.

- The Social Democratic Party was full of people of an academic cast of mind.

- Hers was an essentially sunny cast of mind.

N-COUNT The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

casting *

casting castings
A casting is an object or piece of machinery which has been made by pouring a liquid such as hot metal into a container, so that when it hardens it has the required shape.

- ...stainless steel castings for Waterloo Station.

N-COUNT
= cast

See also cast .

cast

noun

1.

actors

characters

company

dramatis personae

players

troupe

2.

type

complexion

manner

stamp

style

verb

3.

choose

allot

appoint

assign

name

pick

select

4.

give out

bestow

deposit

diffuse

distribute

emit

radiate

scatter

shed

spread

5.

form

found

model

mould

set

shape

6.

throw

fling

hurl

launch

pitch

sling

thrust

toss

cast around for ****

cast around casts around; casting around
If you cast around for something or cast about for it, you try to find it or think of it.

- She had been casting around for a good excuse to go to New York.

PHR-V The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

cast aside ****

cast aside casts aside; casting aside
If you cast aside someone or something, you get rid of them because they are no longer necessary or useful to you.

- Sweden needs to cast aside outdated policies and thinking.

- The Princess was cruelly cast aside when she failed to produce an heir.

- Now that Fantina is old, she has been cast aside like some useless object.

PHR-V The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= reject

cast down ****

cast down casts down; casting down
If someone is cast down by something, they are sad or worried because of it. (LITERARY)

- I am not cast down by it because I believe in the fundamental strength of the business.

- Ever since I saw the diary excerpts I've been cast down.

PHR-V-PASSIVE The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= depressed

cast off ****

1. cast off casts off; casting off
If you cast off something, you get rid of it because it is no longer necessary or useful to you, or because it is harmful to you. (LITERARY)

- The essay exhorts women to cast off their servitude to husbands and priests.

- There was an extraordinary feeling of hope and relief, as if a great burden had been cast off.

PHR-V The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
See also cast-off .

2. cast off casts off; casting off
If you are on a boat and you cast off , you untie the rope that is keeping the boat in a fixed position.

- He cast off, heading out to the bay.

PHR-V The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

cast out ****

cast out casts out; casting out
To cast out something or someone means to get rid of them because you do not like or need them, or do not want to take responsibility for them.

- One of the roles which science plays is that of casting out superstition.

- To be cast out from civilization was the worst fate that could possibly befall me.

PHR-V The form cast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= throw out

castanets

[ˌkæstəˈnets]

n.

(用硬木或象牙制成的)响板

castanets

castanets
Castanets are a Spanish musical instrument consisting of two small round pieces of wood or plastic held together by a cord. You hold the castanets in your hand and knock the pieces together with your fingers.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

castaway

[D.J.:ˈkɑ:stəwei]

[K.K.:ˈkæstəˌwe]

n.

被抛弃的人,坐船遇难者,漂流者

adj.

被抛弃的,无价值的,遭难的

castaway

castaway castaways
A castaway is a person who has managed to swim or float to a lonely island or shore after their boat has sunk.
N-COUNT

caste

[D.J.:kæst]

[K.K.:kæst]

n.

印度的社会等级

任何排他的社会阶层

种姓(按照血统、阶级、财富等严格区分的社会制度)

castes

社会等级

caste **

1. caste castes
A caste is one of the traditional social classes into which people are divided in a Hindu society.

- Most of the upper castes worship the Goddess Kali.

N-COUNT
= class

2. caste
Caste is the system of dividing people in a society into different social classes.

- Caste is defined primarily by social honour attained through personal life-style.

- The caste system shapes nearly every facet of Indian life.

N-UNCOUNT
= class

caste

noun

class

estate

grade

order

rank

social order

status

stratum

castellated

[D.J.:ˈkæsteleitid]

[K.K.:ˈkæstəˌletɪd]

adj.

造成城形的,构造如城的,有城的

castellated

castellated
A castellated wall or building looks like a castle. (TECHNICAL)

- ...a castellated hotel styled from local honey-coloured sandstone.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

caster sugar *

caster sugar
Caster sugar is white sugar that has been ground into fine grains. It is used in cooking. (BRIT; in AM use superfine sugar )
N-UNCOUNT also castor sugar .

castigate

[D.J.:ˈkæstɪˌgeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkæstɪˌɡet]

vt.

严厉责骂、批评或惩罚(某人)

castigation

n.

严厉的责骂、批评或惩罚

castigator

n.

鞭打者;申斥者;修订者

castigatory

adj.

鞭打的;申斥的;修订的

castigation

[D.J.:ˌkæstɪˈgeɪʃn]

[K.K.: ˌkæstəˈɡeʃən]

n.

申斥,严厉批评;惩罚

castigator

n.

惩罚者,谴责者

castigatory

adj.

斥责的,惩罚的,修订的

castigate *

1. castigate castigates castigating castigated
If you castigate someone or something, you speak to them angrily or criticize them severely. (FORMAL)

- Marx never lost an opportunity to castigate colonialism.

- She castigated him for having no intellectual interests.

VB
= chastise

2. castigation

- Helen's merciless castigation of Michelle was prompted by her daughter's year-long deception.

N-UNCOUNT

castigate

verb

reprimand

berate

censure

chastise

criticize

lambast(e)

rebuke

scold

casting vote

casting vote casting votes
When a committee has given an equal number of votes for and against a proposal, the chairperson can give a casting vote . This vote decides whether or not the proposal will be passed.

- The vote was tied and a local union leader used his casting vote in favour of the return to work.

N-COUNT: usu sing

cast iron *

1. cast iron
Cast iron is iron which contains a small amount of carbon. It is hard and cannot be bent so it has to be made into objects by casting.

- Made from cast iron, it is finished in graphite enamel.

- ...the cast-iron chair legs.

N-UNCOUNT

2. cast iron
A cast-iron guarantee or alibi is one that is absolutely certain to be effective and will not fail you.

- They would have to offer cast-iron guarantees to invest in long-term projects.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

castle

[ˈkɑ:sl]

n.

城堡, 堡垒

castle ***

1. castle castles
A castle is a large building with thick, high walls. Castles were built by important people, such as kings, in former times, especially for protection during wars and battles.
N-COUNT
See also sand castle .

2. castle castles
In chess, a castle is a piece that can be moved forwards, backwards, or sideways.
N-COUNT
= rook

castle

noun

fortress

chateau

citadel

keep

palace

stronghold

tower

cast-off

版面计算

cast-off *

1. cast-off
Cast-off things, especially clothes, are ones which someone no longer uses because they are old or unfashionable, and which they give to someone else or throw away.

- Alexandra looked plump and awkward in her cast-off clothing.

ADJ: ADJ n also castoff .

2. cast-off cast-offs
Also a noun.

- I never had anything new to wear as a child, only a cousin's cast-offs.

N-COUNT: usu pl also castoff .

cast-off

adjective

1.

unwanted

discarded

rejected

scrapped

surplus to requirements

unneeded

useless

noun

2.

reject

discard

failure

outcast

second

castor

[D.J.:ˈkæstə]

[K.K.:ˈkæstɚ]

n.

(家具的)小脚轮

调味品瓶

castor

castor castors
Castors are small wheels fitted to a piece of furniture so that it can be moved more easily.
N-COUNT (AM) usually and (BRIT) sometimes caster

castor oil

castor oil
Castor oil is a thick yellow oil that is obtained from the seeds of the castor oil plant. It has a very unpleasant taste and in former times was used as a medicine.

- She has gone to bed and had a dose of castor oil.

N-UNCOUNT

castrate

[D.J.:ˈkæsˌtreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkæsˌtret]

vt.

阉割(动物、人)

castration

n.

阉割

castration

n.

阉割

castrate *

1. castrate castrates castrating castrated
To castrate a male animal or a man means to remove his testicles.

- In the ancient world, it was probably rare to castrate a dog or cat.

- ...a castrated male horse.

VB

2. castration castrations

- ...the castration of male farm animals.

N-VAR

castrate

verb

neuter

emasculate

geld

casual

[D.J.:ˈkæʒjuəl]

[K.K.:ˈkæʒuəl]

adj.

漠不关心的, 冷淡的

随便的, 非正式的

偶然的, 碰巧的

临时的, 不定期的

casually

[D.J.:ˈkæ ʒjʊəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkæ ʒjʊəlɪ]

adv.

偶然地;无意地

未经考虑地；漫不经心地

若无其事地

casualness

[D.J.:ˈkæ ʒjʊəlnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈkæ ʒʊəlnɪs]

n.

随便;漫不经心

casual **

1. casual
If you are casual , you are, or you pretend to be, relaxed and not very concerned about what is happening or what you are doing.

- It's difficult for me to be casual about anything.

- He's an easy-going, friendly young man with a casual sort of attitude towards money.

ADJ-GRADED
= unconcerned

2. casually

- `No need to hurry,' Ben said casually.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. casualness

- Bayldon asked the question with studied casualness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. casual
A casual event or situation happens by chance or without planning.

- What you mean as a casual remark could be misinterpreted.

- Even a casual observer could hardly have failed to notice the heightening of an already tense atmosphere.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. casual
Casual clothes are ones that you normally wear at home or on holiday, and not on formal occasions.

- I also bought some casual clothes for the weekend.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
≠ formal

6. casually

- They were smartly but casually dressed.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed, ADV after v

7. casual
Casual work is done for short periods and not on a permanent or regular basis.

- ...establishments which employ people on a casual basis, such as pubs and restaurants...

- It became increasingly expensive to hire casual workers.

ADJ: ADJ n
= temporary ≠ permanent

casual

adjective

1.

careless

blas´e

cursory

lackadaisical

nonchalant

offhand

relaxed

unconcerned

2.

occasional

accidental

chance

incidental

irregular

random

unexpected

3.

informal

non-dressy

sporty

casualty

[D.J.:ˈkæʒjuəlti]

[K.K.:ˈkæʒuəlti]

n.

伤亡者

受害者, 牺牲品

casualty ***

1. casualty casualties
A casualty is a person who is injured or killed in a war or in an accident.

- Troops fired on demonstrators near the Royal Palace causing many casualties.

N-COUNT

2. casualty casualties
A casualty of a particular event or situation is a person or a thing that has suffered badly as a result of that event or situation.

- Fiat has been one of the greatest casualties of the recession.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= victim

3. casualty
Casualty is the part of a hospital where people who have severe injuries or sudden illness are taken for emergency treatment. (BRIT; in AM use emergency room )

- I was taken to casualty at St Thomas's Hospital.

N-UNCOUNT
= A and E ER

casualty

noun

victim

death

fatality

loss

sufferer

wounded

casuistry

[D.J.:ˈkæzjuistri]

[K.K.:ˈkæʒuɪstri]

n.

决疑法,决疑论,诡辩

casuistry

casuistry
Casuistry is the use of clever arguments to persuade or trick people. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT disapproval

cat

[D.J.:kæt]

[K.K.:kæt]

n.

猫

猫科动物

cat.

catalogue,catechism 问答目录

cat ***

1. cat cats
A cat is a furry animal that has a long tail and sharp claws. Cats are often kept as pets.
N-COUNT

2. cat cats
Cats are lions, tigers, and other wild animals in the same family.
N-COUNT

3. cat
If you let the cat out of the bag , you tell people about something that was being kept secret. You often do this by mistake.
PHR: V inflects

4. cat
You say ` Curiosity killed the cat ' in order to tell someone that they should not try to find out about something which does not concern them.

- `All right, I've been reading it. So what?' --- `Curiosity killed the cat, that's what.'

PHR

5. cat
If you look like something the cat dragged in or brought in , you are very untidy or dirty.

- I must look like something the cat dragged in.

PHR: Vs inflect

6. cat
In a fight or contest, if one person plays cat and mouse , or a game of cat and mouse , with the other, the first person tries to confuse or deceive the second in order to defeat them.

- After three hours of playing cat and mouse, they threatened to open fire on our vessel, so we stopped.

- It's a cat-and-mouse game to him.

PHR: usu v PHR, PHR n

7. cat
If you put the cat among the pigeons or set the cat among the pigeons , you cause fierce argument or discussion by doing or saying something. (BRIT)

- The bank is poised to put the cat among the pigeons this morning by slashing the cost of borrowing.

PHR: V inflects

8. cat
If you say ` There's no room to swing a cat ' or ` You can't swing a cat ', you mean that the place you are talking about is very small or crowded.

- It was described as a large, luxury mobile home, but there was barely room to swing a cat.

PHR: with brd-neg, usu v-link PHR

cat

noun

feline

kitty informal

moggy slang

puss informal

pussy informal

tabby

cataclysm

[D.J.:ˈkætəˌklɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈkætəˌklɪzəm]

n.

(突然降临的)大灾难

cataclysm

cataclysm cataclysms
A cataclysm is an event that causes great change or harm. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

cataclysmic

[ˌkætəˈklizmik]

adj.

洪水的,大变动的

cataclysmic

cataclysmic
A cataclysmic event is one that changes a situation or society very greatly, especially in an unpleasant way. (FORMAL)

- ...the cataclysmic events that were destroying his faith in humanity...

- Few had expected that change to be as cataclysmic as it turned out to be.

ADJ-GRADED

catacomb

[D.J.:ˈkætəkəum]

[K.K.:ˈkætəˌkom]

n.

地下墓穴,茔窟(常用复数)

catacombs

n.

地下墓穴,陵寝

catacomb

catacomb catacombs
Catacombs are ancient underground passages and rooms, especially under a city, where people used to be buried.
N-COUNT: usu pl

catacombs

plural noun

vault

crypt

tomb

Catalan

[D.J.:ˈkætələn]

[K.K.:ˈkætlˌæn, -ən, ˌkætlˈæn]

n.

(西班牙)加泰罗尼亚语

Catalan *

1. Catalan
Something that is Catalan belongs or relates to Catalonia, its people, or its language. Catalonia is a region of Spain.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Catalan
Catalan is one of the languages spoken in Catalonia.
N-UNCOUNT

catalogue

[D.J.:ˈkætəlɔɡ]

[K.K.:ˈkætlˌɔɡ, -ˌɑɡ]

n.

目录, 一览表

系列

vt.

为…编目录, 登记分类

catalogued

编目的

catalogue **

1. catalogue catalogues
A catalogue is a list of things such as the goods you can buy from a particular company, the objects in a museum, or the books in a library.

- ...the world's biggest seed catalogue.

N-COUNT (AM) usually catalog
= list

2. catalogue catalogues cataloguing catalogued
To catalogue things means to make a list of them.

- The Royal Greenwich Observatory was founded to observe and catalogue the stars.

VB (AM) usually catalog
= list

3. catalogue catalogues
A catalogue of similar things, especially bad things, is a number of them considered or discussed one after another.

- His story is a catalogue of misfortune.

- ...a catalogue of nuclear disasters.

N-COUNT: N of n (AM) usually catalog

4. catalogue catalogues cataloguing catalogued
If you catalogue a series of similar events or qualities, especially bad ones, you list them.

- Speaker after speaker lined up to catalogue a series of failures under his leadership.

VB (AM) usually catalog
= list

catalogue

noun

1.

list

directory

gazetteer

index

inventory

record

register

roll

roster

schedule

verb

2.

list

accession

alphabetize

classify

file

index

inventory

register

tabulate

catalyse

v.

催化,促成

catalyse

1. catalyse catalyses catalysing catalysed
If something catalyses a thing or a situation, it makes it active. (FORMAL)

- Any unexpected circumstance that arises may catalyze a sudden escalation of violence.

VB (AM) catalyze

2. catalyse catalyses catalysing catalysed
In chemistry, if something catalyses a reaction or event, it causes it to happen. (TECHNICAL)

- It had been known for some time that chemical reactions can be catalyzed by materials with large surface areas.

- The wires do not have a large enough surface to catalyse a big explosion.

VB (AM) catalyze

catalysis

[D.J.:kəˈtælɪsɪs]

[K.K.:kəˈtælɪsɪs]

n.

催化作用

catalysis

catalysis
Catalysis is the speeding up of a chemical reaction by adding a catalyst to it. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

catalyst

[D.J.:ˈkætlɪst]

[K.K.:ˈkætlɪst]

n.

<化>催化剂,触媒

促进因素;有感染力的人,能激发对方的人

catalyst *

1. catalyst catalysts
You can describe a person or thing that causes a change or event to happen as a catalyst .

- I very much hope that this case will prove to be a catalyst for change.

- He said he saw the bank's role as a catalyst to encourage foreign direct investment.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

2. catalyst catalysts
In chemistry, a catalyst is a substance that causes a chemical reaction to take place more quickly.
N-COUNT

catalytic

[D.J.:ˌkætəˈlitik]

[K.K.:ˌkætlˈɪtɪk]

adj.

接触反应的

catalytic *

1. catalytic
In chemistry, a catalytic substance or a substance with catalytic properties is a substance which increases the speed of a chemical reaction.

- ...carbon molecules with unusual chemical and catalytic properties.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. catalytic
If you describe a person or thing as having a catalytic effect, you mean that they cause things to happen or they increase the speed at which things happen. (FORMAL)

- Governments do, however, have a vital catalytic role in orchestrating rescue operations.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

catalytic converter

catalytic converter catalytic converters
A catalytic converter is a device which is fitted to a car's exhaust to reduce the pollution coming from it.
N-COUNT

catamaran

[D.J.:ˌkætəməˈræn]

[K.K.:ˌkætəməˈræn]

n.

双体船,筏

catamaran

catamaran catamarans
A catamaran is a sailing boat with two parallel hulls that are held in place by a single deck.
N-COUNT

catapult

[D.J.:ˈkætəˌpʌlt, -ˌpʊlt]

[K.K.:ˈkætəˌpʌlt, -ˌpʊlt]

n.

(小孩玩的)弹弓

石弩,弩炮

vt.

用弩炮发射

catapult *

1. catapult catapults
A catapult is a device for shooting small stones. It is made of a Y-shaped stick with a piece of elastic tied between the two top parts. (BRIT; in AM use slingshot )
N-COUNT

2. catapult catapults
A catapult is a device that is used to send aircraft into the air from an aircraft carrier.
N-COUNT

3. catapult catapults catapulting catapulted
If someone or something catapults or is catapulted through the air, they are thrown very suddenly, quickly, and violently through it.

- We've all seen enough dummies catapulting through windscreens in TV warnings to know the dangers of not wearing seat belts.

- He was catapulted into the side of the van.

V-ERG

4. catapult catapults catapulting catapulted
If something catapults you into a particular state or situation, or if you catapult there, you are suddenly and unexpectedly caused to be in that state or situation.

- `Basic Instinct' catapulted her to top status among Hollywood's glamour goddesses.

- Suddenly she was catapulted into his jet-set lifestyle.

V-ERG

catapult

noun

1.

sling

slingshot U.S.

verb

2.

shoot

heave

hurl

pitch

plunge

propel

cataract

[D.J.:ˈkætəˌrækt]

[K.K.:ˈkætəˌrækt]

n.

大瀑布

<医>白内障

cataract *

1. cataract cataracts
Cataracts are layers over a person's eyes that prevent them from seeing properly. Cataracts usually develop because of old age or illness.

- In one study, light smokers were found to be more than twice as likely to get cataracts as non-smokers.

- Age is not a factor in cataract surgery.

N-COUNT: usu pl, N n

2. cataract cataracts
A cataract is a large waterfall . (LITERARY)
N-COUNT

catarrh

[D.J.:kəˈtɑ:]

[K.K.:kəˈtɑr]

n.

(医学)卡他,粘膜炎

catarrh

catarrh
Catarrh is a medical condition in which a lot of mucus is produced in your nose and throat. You may get catarrh when you have a cold.
N-UNCOUNT

catastrophe

[D.J.:kəˈtæstrəfi]

[K.K.:kəˈtæstrəfi]

n.

灾祸, 灾难

catastrophe **

catastrophe catastrophes
A catastrophe is an unexpected event that causes great suffering or damage.

- From all points of view, war would be a catastrophe.

- If the world is to avoid environmental catastrophe, advanced economies must undergo a profound transition.

N-COUNT
= disaster

catastrophe

noun

disaster

adversity

calamity

cataclysm

fiasco

misfortune

tragedy

trouble

catastrophic

[D.J.:ˌkætəˈstrɔfɪk]

[K.K.:ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk]

adj.

灾难性的

惨重的;悲惨的

catastrophically

adv.

catastrophic *

1. catastrophic
Something that is catastrophic involves or causes a sudden terrible disaster.

- A tidal wave caused by the earthquake hit the coast causing catastrophic damage.

- The water shortage in this country is potentially catastrophic.

- The Chinese minister warned that if war broke out, it would be catastrophic for the whole world.

ADJ-GRADED
= disastrous

2. catastrophically

- The faulty left-hand engine failed catastrophically as the aircraft approached the airport.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v, also ADV adj/-ed/adv

3. catastrophic
If you describe something as catastrophic , you mean that it is very bad or unsuccessful.

- ...another catastrophic attempt to arrest control from a rival Christian militia...

- His mother's untimely death had a catastrophic effect on him.

ADJ-GRADED
= disastrous

4. catastrophically

- By the time we had to sell, prices had fallen catastrophically.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v

catatonic

[ˌkætəˈtɔnik]

adj.

(患)紧张症的, (患)强直性昏厥的

catatonic

catatonic
If you describe someone as being in a catatonic state, you mean that they are not moving or responding at all, usually as a result of illness, shock, or drugs. (MEDICAL or LITERARY)

- ...and the traumatised heroine sinks into a catatonic trance.

ADJ-GRADED

catbird seat

catbird seat
If you say that someone is in the catbird seat , you think that their situation is very good. (AM, INFORMAL)

- If he had not been hurt I think his team would be sitting in the catbird seat.

PHR: v-link PHR

cat burglar

cat burglar cat burglars
A cat burglar is a thief who steals from houses or other buildings by climbing up walls and entering through windows or through the roof.
N-COUNT

catcall

[D.J.:ˈkætkɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈkætˌkɔl]

n.

不满之声,嘘声

v.

发嘘声

catcall

catcall catcalls
Catcalls are loud noises that people make to show that they disapprove of something they are watching or listening to.

- The crowd is already restive, greeting the hapless opening act with boos and catcalls.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= jeer ≠ cheer

catcall

noun

jeer

boo

gibe

hiss

raspberry

whistle

catch

[D.J.:kætʃ]

[K.K.:kætʃ, kɛtʃ]

vt.

接住

逮住, 捉住, 抓住

偶然撞见, 突然发觉

赶上, 追上

患病; 感染上

理解, 听懂, 听到

引起, 吸引

vt. & vi.

(使)被钩住, (使)被卡住

n.

抓, 接

捕获量, 捕获物

挂钩, 吊扣

隐情, 圈套

catches

捕获数

catching

[D.J.:ˈkætʃɪŋ, ˈketʃ-]

[K.K.:ˈkætʃɪŋ, ˈkɛtʃ-]

adj.

(疾病)传染〔性〕的

caught

[D.J.:kɔ:t]

[K.K.:kɔt]

catch的过去式和过去分词

be caught in the crossfire

卷入两者的争执中并因此遭殃；遭受池鱼之殃

catch ****

1. catch catches catching caught
If you catch a person or animal, you capture them after chasing them, or by using a trap, net, or other device.

- Police say they are confident of catching the gunman.

- Where did you catch the fish?.

- I wondered if it was an animal caught in a trap.

VB
= capture

2. catch catches catching caught
If you catch an object that is moving through the air, you seize it with your hands.

- I jumped up to catch a ball and fell over.

VB

3. catch catches
Also a noun.

- He missed the catch and the match was lost.

N-COUNT

4. catch catches catching caught
If you catch a part of someone's body, you take or seize it with your hand, often in order to stop them going somewhere.

- Liz caught his arm.

- He knelt beside her and caught her hand in both of his.

- Garrido caught her by the wrist.

VB
= seize

5. catch catches catching caught
If one thing catches another, it hits it accidentally or manages to hit it.

- The stinging slap almost caught his face.

- I may have caught him with my elbow but it was just an accident.

- He caught her on the side of her head with his other fist.

VB

6. catch catches catching caught
If something catches on or in an object, it accidentally becomes attached to the object or stuck in it.

- Her ankle caught on a root, and she almost lost her balance.

- A man caught his foot in the lawnmower.

V-ERG

7. catch catches catching caught
When you catch a bus, train, or plane, you get on it in order to travel somewhere.

- We were in plenty of time for Anthony to catch the ferry.

- He caught a taxi to Harrods.

VB
= get ≠ miss

8. catch catches catching caught
If you catch someone doing something wrong, you see or find them doing it.

- He caught a youth breaking into a car.

- I don't want to catch you pushing yourself into the picture to get some personal publicity.

- Three years ago my wife and I divorced. I caught her with her boss.

VB

9. catch catches catching caught
If you catch yourself doing something, especially something surprising, you suddenly become aware that you are doing it.

- I caught myself feeling almost sorry for poor Mr Laurence.

VB
= find

10. catch catches catching caught
If you catch something or catch a glimpse of it, you notice it or manage to see it briefly.

- As she turned back she caught the puzzled look on her mother's face.

- He caught a glimpse of the man's face in a shop window.

VB
≠ miss

11. catch catches catching caught
If you catch something that someone has said, you manage to hear it.

- His ears caught a faint cry.

- I do not believe I caught your name.

- The men out in the corridor were trying to catch what they said.

VB
≠ miss

12. catch catches catching caught
If you catch a TV or radio programme or an event, you manage to see or listen to it.

- Bill turns on the radio to catch the local news.

- The exhibition is on at Droitwich until May 24. You can also catch it at Leominster from June 5.

VB
≠ miss

13. catch catches catching caught
If you catch someone, you manage to contact or meet them to talk to them, especially when they are just about to go somewhere else.

- I dialled Elizabeth's number thinking I might catch her before she left for work.

- Hello, Dolph. Glad I caught you.

VB
≠ miss

14. catch catches catching caught
If something or someone catches you by surprise or at a bad time, you were not expecting them or do not feel able to deal with them.

- She looked as if the photographer had caught her by surprise.

- I'm sorry but I just cannot say anything. You've caught me at a bad time.

- The sheer number of spectators has caught everyone unprepared.

VB

15. catch catches catching caught
If something catches your attention or your eye, you notice it or become interested in it.

- My shoes caught his attention.

- A quick movement across the aisle caught his eye.

VB

16. catch catches catching caught
If someone or something catches a mood or an atmosphere, they successfully represent it or reflect it.

- There's no doubt Mr Putin's speech caught the mood of most deputies.

VB
= capture

17. catch caught
If you are caught in a storm or other unpleasant situation, it happens when you cannot avoid its effects.

- When he was fishing off the island he was caught in a storm and almost drowned.

- Visitors to the area were caught between police and the rioters.

V-PASSIVE

18. catch caught
If you are caught between two alternatives or two people, you do not know which one to choose or follow.

- The Jordanian leader is caught between both sides in the dispute.

- She was caught between envy and admiration.

V-PASSIVE

19. catch catches catching caught
If you catch a cold or a disease, you become ill with it.

- The more stress you are under, the more likely you are to catch a cold.

VB
= contract

20. catch catches catching caught
To catch liquids or small pieces that fall from somewhere means to collect them in a container.

- The fish is laid out on a large serving plate to catch the juices.

- ...a specially designed breadboard with a tray to catch the crumbs.

VB
= collect

21. catch catches catching caught
If something catches the light or if the light catches it, it reflects the light and looks bright or shiny.

- They saw the ship's guns, catching the light of the moon.

- Often a fox goes across the road in front of me and I just catch it in the headlights.

VB

22. catch catches catching caught
If the wind or water catches something, it carries or pushes it along.

- A gust of wind caught the parachute.

VB

23. catch catches
A catch on a window, door, or container is a device that fastens it.

- She fiddled with the catch of her bag.

- Fit windows with safety locks or catches.

N-COUNT

24. catch catches
A catch is a hidden problem or difficulty in a plan or an offer that seems surprisingly good.

- The catch is that you work for your supper, and the food and accommodation can be very basic.

- `It's your money. You deserve it.' --- `What's the catch?'

N-COUNT: usu sing
= snag

25. catch catches
When people have been fishing, their catch is the total number of fish that they have caught.

- The catch included one fish over 18 pounds.

N-COUNT

26. catch
If you describe someone as a good catch , you mean that they have lots of good qualities and you think their partner or employer is very lucky to have found them. (INFORMAL)

- I was so in love with him and all my friends said what a good catch he was.

N-SING

27. catch
Catch is a game in which children throw a ball to each other.
N-UNCOUNT

28. catch
Catch is a game in which one child chases other children and tries to touch or catch one of them.
N-UNCOUNT
= tag

29. catch
You can say things such as ` You wouldn't catch me doing that ' to emphasize that you would never do a particular thing. (INFORMAL)

- You won't catch me giving him a bad review!.

- You wouldn't catch me in there, I can tell you.

PHR: PHR -ing, PHR prep/adv emphasis

30. catch
If someone is caught with their pants down , something happens that they are not prepared for and that reveals something embarrassing or shocking about them. In British English, you can also say that they are caught with their trousers down .

- It makes soldiers happy to know that somebody right at the top has been caught with his trousers down.

- I think we caught them with their pants down. They're a bit confused.

PHR: V inflects

catching *

1. catching
If an illness or a disease is catching , it is easily passed on or given to someone else. (INFORMAL)

- There are those who think eczema is catching.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= infectious

2. catching
If a feeling or emotion is catching , it has a strong influence on other people and spreads quickly, for example through a crowd.

- Enthusiasm is very catching.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= infectious

caught

caught
Caught is the past tense and past participle of catch .

catch

verb

1.

seize

clutch

get

grab

grasp

grip

lay hold of

snatch

take

2.

capture

apprehend

arrest

ensnare

entrap

snare

3.

discover

catch in the act

detect

expose

find out

surprise

take unawares

unmask

4.

contract

develop

get

go down with

incur

succumb to

suffer from

5.

make out

comprehend

discern

get

grasp

hear

perceive

recognize

sense

take in

noun

6.

fastener

bolt

clasp

clip

latch

7.

drawback

disadvantage

fly in the ointment

hitch

snag

stumbling block

trap

trick

catching

adjective Informal

infectious

communicable

contagious

transferable

transmittable

catch on ****

1. catch on catches on; catching on; caught on
If you catch on to something, you understand it, or realize that it is happening.

- He got what he could out of me before I caught on to the kind of person he'd turned into.

- Wait a minute! I'm beginning to catch on.

PHR-V

2. catch on catches on; catching on; caught on
If something catches on , it becomes popular.

- The idea has been around for ages without catching on.

PHR-V

catch on

verb Informal

understand

comprehend

find out

get the picture

grasp

see

see through

twig Brit. informal

catch out ****

catch out catches out; catching out; caught out
To catch someone out means to cause them to make a mistake that reveals that they are lying about something, do not know something, or cannot do something. (mainly BRIT)

- Detectives followed him for months hoping to catch him out in some deception.

- He did not like to be caught out on details.

- The government has been caught out by the speed of events.

PHR-V

catch up ****

1. catch up catches up; catching up; caught up
If you catch up with someone who is in front of you, you reach them by walking faster than they are walking.

- I stopped and waited for her to catch up.

- We caught up with the nuns.

PHR-V

2. catch up catches up; catching up; caught up
To catch up with someone means to reach the same standard, stage, or level that they have reached.

- Most late developers will catch up with their friends.

- John began the season better than me but I have fought to catch up.

- During the evenings, the school is used by kids who want to catch up on English and mathematics.

PHR-V

3. catch up catches up; catching up; caught up
If you catch up on an activity that you have not had much time to do recently, you spend time doing it.

- I was catching up on a bit of reading.

PHR-V

4. catch up catches up; catching up; caught up
If you catch up on friends who you have not seen for some time or on their lives, you talk to them and find out what has happened in their lives since you last talked together.

- The ladies spent some time catching up on each other's health and families.

- She plans to return to Dublin to catch up with the relatives she has not seen since she married.

PHR-V

5. catch up catches up; catching up; caught up
If you are caught up in something, you are involved in it, usually unwillingly.

- The people themselves weren't part of the conflict; they were just caught up in it.

- Many African women, for reasons of poverty, get caught up in the drug trade.

PHR-V-PASSIVE
= involved

catch up with ****

1. catch up catches up; catching up; caught up
When people catch up with someone who has done something wrong, they succeed in finding them in order to arrest or punish them.

- The law caught up with him yesterday.

PHR-V

2. catch up catches up; catching up; caught up
If something catches up with you, you are forced to deal with something unpleasant that happened or that you did in the past, which you have been able to avoid until now.

- Although he subsequently became a successful businessman, his criminal past caught up with him.

PHR-V

Catch 22

Catch 22
If you describe a situation as a Catch 22 , you mean it is an impossible situation because you cannot do one thing until you do another thing, but you cannot do the second thing until you do the first thing.

- It's a Catch 22 situation here. Nobody wants to support you until you're successful, but without the support how can you ever be successful?

N-SING: oft N n

catch-all

分沫器;总受器

catch-all

catch-all catch-alls
A catch-all is a term or category which includes many different things.

- The charge of `gross indecency', is a catch-all that covers many things.

- To him, women's issues, that nebulous, catch-all term, most importantly means sexual equality.

N-COUNT (AM) also catchall

catcher

[D.J.:ˈkætʃə]

[K.K.:ˈkætʃɚ, ˈkɛtʃ-]

n.

捕手,捕捉器,[棒球]接球手

catcher *

1. catcher catchers
In baseball, the catcher is the player who stands behind the batter. The catcher has a special glove for catching the ball.
N-COUNT

2. catcher catchers
You can refer to someone who catches something as a catcher .

- ...the catcher of the largest fish.

- ...a rat-catcher.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

catchment

[D.J.:ˈkætʃmənt]

[K.K.:ˈkætʃmənt, ˈkɛtʃ-]

n.

集水,集水处(水库或集水盆地)

catchment

catchment catchments
In geography, catchment is the process of collecting water, in particular the process of water flowing from the ground and collecting in a river. Catchment is also the water that is collected in this way. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

catchment area

1. catchment area catchment areas
The catchment area of a school, hospital, or other service is the area that it serves. (BRIT)

- ...the catchment areas of the district general hospitals.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. catchment area catchment areas
In geography, the catchment area of a river is the area of land from which water flows into the river. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

catch-phrase

catch-phrase catch-phrases
A catch-phrase is a sentence or phrase which becomes popular or well-known, often because it is frequently used by a famous person.

- Norvelle, whose catchphrase is `Chase Me', asked magistrates not to ban him after he admitted doing 83mph in a 50mph zone.

N-COUNT also catch phrase .

catchy

[D.J.:ˈkætʃi]

[K.K.:ˈkætʃi, ˈkɛtʃi]

adj.

(曲调、歌曲)容易记住的

catchy *

catchy catchier catchiest
If you describe a tune, name, or advertisement as catchy , you mean that it is attractive and easy to remember.

- The songs were both catchy and cutting.

- The initiative has been given the supposedly catchy title of the `Citizen's Charter'.

ADJ-GRADED

catchy

adjective

memorable

captivating

haunting

popular

catechism

[D.J.:ˈkætɪˌkɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈkætɪˌkɪzəm]

n.

教义问答(手册)

一系列提问

catechism

catechism catechisms
In a Catholic, Episcopal, or Orthodox Church, the catechism is a series of questions and answers about religious beliefs, which has to be learned by people before they can become full members of that Church.
N-COUNT: usu sing

categoric

categoric
Categoric means the same as categorical .
ADJ

categorical

[D.J.:ˌkætɪˈgɔ:rɪkəl, -ˈgɔr-]

[K.K.:ˌkætɪˈɡɔrɪkəl, -ˈɡɑr-]

adj.

绝对的,无条件的,断言的,确信无疑的,明确的

categorically

[D.J.:ˌkætɪˈ g ɔrɪklɪ]

[K.K.:ˌkætəˈɡ ɔrɪklɪ]

adv.

明确地;直截了当地

categorical *

1. categorical
If you are categorical about something, you state your views very definitely and firmly.

- ...his categorical denial of the charges of sexual harassment...

- He is quite categorical that the UN should only help the innocent civilian population.

ADJ-GRADED
= definite

2. categorically

- They totally and categorically deny the charges.

- He stated categorically that this would be his last season in Formula One.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= definitely

categorical

adjective

absolute

downright

emphatic

explicit

express

positive

unambiguous

unconditional

unequivocal

unqualified

unreserved

categorization

编目方法;分门别类

categorize

[D.J.:ˈkætɪgəˌraɪz]

[K.K.:ˈkætɪɡəˌraɪz]

vt.

把…归类;把…列作

categorize *

1. categorize categorizes categorizing categorized
If you categorize people or things, you divide them into sets or you say which set they belong to.

- Lindsay, like his films, is hard to categorise.

- Make a list of your child's toys and then categorise them as sociable or antisocial.

- These statements perpetuate the labeling, categorizing and discrimination of people.

VB (BRIT) also categorise
= classify

2. categorization categorizations

- Her first novel defies easy categorisation.

- ...the categorisation of new types of missiles.

N-VAR
= classification

categories

生物类别

category

[D.J.:ˈkætiɡəri]

[K.K.:ˈkætɪˌɡɔri, -ˌɡori]

n.

种类, 类别

category ***

category categories
If people or things are divided into categories , they are divided into groups in such a way that the members of each group are similar to each other in some way.

- This book clearly falls into the category of fictionalised autobiography.

- The tables were organised into six different categories.

- Designer wedding dresses make wedding fashion a separate category from mainstream fashion.

N-COUNT
= class

category

noun

class

classification

department

division

grade

grouping

heading

section

sort

type

cater

[D.J.:ˈkeitə]

[K.K.:ˈketɚ]

vt. & vi.

提供饮食及服务

catering

[D.J.:ˈkeɪtərɪŋ]

n.

(会议或社交活动的)饮食服务;酒席承办

cater **

1. cater caters catering catered
In British English, to cater for a group of people means to provide all the things that they need or want. In American English, you say you cater to a person or group of people.

- Minorca is the sort of place that caters for families.

- We cater to an exclusive clientele.

VB

2. cater caters catering catered
In British English, to cater for something means to take it into account. In American English, you say you cater to something.

- We have to cater for demand.

- ...shops that cater for the needs of men...

- Exercise classes cater to all levels of fitness.

VB

3. cater caters catering catered
If a person or company caters for an occasion such as a wedding or a party, they provide food and drink for all the people there.

- Nunsmere Hall can cater for receptions of up to 300 people.

- The chef is pleased to cater for vegetarian diets.

- Does he cater parties too?

VB
See also catering , self-catering .

catering **

catering
Catering is the activity of providing food and drink for a large number of people, for example at weddings and parties.

- His catering business made him a millionaire at 41.

- He recently did the catering for a presidential reception.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N, oft N n

cater

verb

provide

furnish

outfit

purvey

supply

caterer

[D.J.:ˈkeɪtɵrə]

n.

(尤指职业的)酒席承办人;提供饮食及服务的人

caterer *

caterer caterers
Caterers are people or companies that provide food and drink for a place such as an office or for special occasions such as weddings and parties.

- The caterers were already laying out the tables for lunch.

- ...food brought in from outside caterers.

N-COUNT

caterpillar

[D.J.:ˈkætəpilə]

[K.K.:ˈkætɚˌpɪlɚ, ˈkætə-]

n.

毛虫

履带

caterpillar *

caterpillar caterpillars
A caterpillar is a small, worm-like animal that feeds on plants and eventually develops into a butterfly or moth.
N-COUNT

caterwaul

[D.J.:ˈkætəwɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈkætɚˌwɔl]

n.

猫叫春声,刺耳的尖叫声

vi.

叫春,发尖叫声,(象猫一样地)吵架

caterwauling

[ˈkætəˌθɔ:liʒ]

n. adj.

猫叫春声,哀诉声,抱怨声 叫春似的

caterwaul

1. caterwaul caterwauls caterwauling caterwauled
If a person or animal caterwauls , they make a loud, high, unpleasant noise like the noise that cats make when they fight.

- At the water's edge they resumed caterwauling and waving their crosses.

VB
= wail

2. caterwaul caterwauls
Also a noun.

- People muffled their ears against the bird's blood-curdling caterwauls.

N-COUNT

3. caterwauling

- There came from within the walls the highest-pitched moaning and caterwauling that I had ever heard.

N-UNCOUNT
= wailing

catfish

[D.J.:ˈkætˌfɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈkætˌfɪʃ]

n.

鲶鱼,鲇(多为淡水鱼)

catfish

catfish
Catfish are a type of fish that have long thin spines around their mouths.
N-VAR catfish is both the singular and plural form

catharsis

[D.J.:kəˈθɑ:sɪs]

[K.K.:kəˈθɑrsɪs]

n.

宣泄,情绪的抒发;导泻,通便;感情(受艺术的作用而起的)净化

catharsis

catharsis
Catharsis is the getting rid of unhappy memories or strong emotions such as anger or sadness by expressing them in some way.

- He wrote out his rage and bewilderment, which gradually became a form of catharsis leading to understanding.

N-UNCOUNT

cathartic

[D.J.:kəˈθɑ:tɪk]

[K.K.:kəˈθɑrtɪk]

adj.

通便的,导泻的

n.

泻药

cathartic

cathartic
Something that is cathartic has the effect of catharsis. (FORMAL)

- His laughter was cathartic, an animal yelp that brought tears to his eyes.

- ...a liberating and cathartic experience.

ADJ-GRADED

cathedral

[D.J.:kəˈθi:drəl]

[K.K.:kəˈθidrəl]

n.

总教堂, 大教堂

cathedral **

cathedral cathedrals
A cathedral is a very large and important church which has a bishop in charge of it.

- ...St. Paul's Cathedral.

- ...the cathedral city of Canterbury.

N-COUNT

catherine wheel

catherine wheel catherine wheels
A catherine wheel is a firework in the shape of a circle which spins round and round.
N-COUNT

catheter

[D.J.:ˈkæθitə]

[K.K.:ˈkæθɪtɚ]

n.

导尿管,尿液管,导管

catheter

catheter catheters
A catheter is a tube which is used to introduce liquids into a human body or to withdraw liquids from it. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

cathode

[D.J.:ˈkæθˌəʊd]

[K.K.:ˈkæθˌod]

n.

<电>(-)阴极,负极

cathode

cathode cathodes
A cathode is the negative electrode in a cell such as a battery. Compare anode .
N-COUNT

cathode-ray tube

cathode-ray tube cathode-ray tubes
A cathode-ray tube is a device in televisions and computer terminals which sends an image onto the screen. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

Catholic

[ˈkæθəlik]

adj.

天主教的

n.

天主教徒

Catholic ***

1. Catholic
The Catholic Church is the branch of the Christian Church that accepts the Pope as its leader and is based in the Vatican in Rome.

- ...the Catholic Church.

- ...Catholic priests.

- ...the Catholic faith.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
See also Anglo-Catholic .

2. Catholic Catholics
A Catholic is a member of the Catholic Church.

- At least nine out of ten Mexicans are baptised Catholics.

N-COUNT

3. Catholic
If you describe a collection of things or people as catholic , you are emphasizing that they are very varied.

- He was a man of catholic tastes, a lover of grand opera, history and the fine arts.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= varied

Catholicism

[D.J.:kəˈθɔliˌsizəm]

[K.K.:kəˈθɑlɪˌsɪzəm]

n.

天主教

Catholicism *

Catholicism
Catholicism is the traditions, the behaviour, and the set of Christian beliefs that are held by Catholics.

- ...her conversion to Catholicism.

N-UNCOUNT

catkin

[D.J.:ˈkætkin]

[K.K.:ˈkætkɪn]

n.

葇荑花(如柳絮等)

catkin

catkin catkins
A catkin is a long, thin, soft flower that hangs on some trees, for example birch trees and hazel trees.
N-COUNT

catnap

[D.J.:ˈkætnæp]

[K.K.:ˈkætˌnæp]

n.

小睡,小憩

vi.

打瞌睡,假寐

catnap

catnap catnaps
A catnap is a short sleep, usually one which you have during the day. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also cat-nap .
= doze nap

catsuit

[D.J.:ˈkætsju:t]

[K.K.:ˈkætˌsut]

n.

女式紧身连衣裤

catsuit

catsuit catsuits
A catsuit is a piece of women's clothing that is made in one piece and fits tightly over the body and legs. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

cattery

[D.J.:ˈkætəri]

[K.K.:ˈkætəri]

n.

养猫的处所

cattery

cattery catteries
A cattery is a place where you can leave your cat to be looked after when you go on holiday. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

cattle

[D.J.:ˈkætl]

[K.K.:ˈkætl]

n.

(总称)牛, 牲口

cattle **

cattle
Cattle are cows and bulls.

- ...the finest herd of beef cattle for two hundred miles.

N-PLURAL

cattle

plural noun

cows

beasts

bovines

livestock

stock

cattle grid

cattle grid cattle grids
A cattle grid is a set of metal bars in the surface of a road which prevents cattle and sheep from walking along the road, but allows people and vehicles to pass. (BRIT; in AM use cattle guard )
N-COUNT

cattle guard

cattle guard cattle guards
A cattle guard is the same as a cattle grid . (AM)
N-COUNT

cattleman

[D.J.:ˈkætlmən]

[K.K.:ˈkætlmən, -ˌmæn]

n.

牧场主人,牧牛者

cattleman

cattleman cattlemen
A cattleman is a man who looks after or owns cattle, especially in North America or Australia.
N-COUNT
= rancher

cattle market

1. cattle market cattle markets
A cattle market is a market where cattle are bought and sold.
N-COUNT

2. cattle market cattle markets
If you refer to an event such as a disco or a beauty contest as a cattle market , you disapprove of it because women are considered there only in terms of their sexual attractiveness.
N-COUNT disapproval

cattle prod

cattle prod cattle prods
A cattle prod is an object shaped like a long stick. Farmers make cattle move in a particular direction by pushing the cattle prod against the bodies of the animals.

- ...an electric cattle prod.

N-COUNT

catty

[D.J.:ˈkæti]

[K.K.:ˈkæti]

adj.

(似)猫的,狡猾的,阴险的

catty

catty cattier cattiest
If someone, especially a woman or girl, is being catty , they are being unpleasant and unkind. (INFORMAL)

- His mother was catty, status-conscious and loud.

- ...catty remarks.

ADJ-GRADED
= bitchy

catty

adjective

spiteful

backbiting

bitchy informal

malevolent

malicious

rancorous

shrewish

snide

venomous

catwalk

[D.J.:ˈkætwɔ:k]

[K.K.:ˈkætˌwɔk]

n.

(桥侧的)步行小道; (机器房中的)狭窄过道; (时装表演时模特儿走的)伸展台

catwalk *

1. catwalk catwalks
At a fashion show, the catwalk is a narrow platform that models walk along to display clothes.
N-COUNT: usu sing

2. catwalk catwalks
A catwalk is a narrow bridge high in the air, for example between two parts of a tall building, on the outside of a large structure, or over a stage.
N-COUNT

Caucasian

[D.J.:kɔ:ˈkeiziən]

[K.K.:kɔˈkeʒən, -ˈkæʒən]

n.

高加索人,白种人

adj.

高加索的,白种人的

Caucasian *

1. Caucasian
A Caucasian person is a white person. (FORMAL)

- ...a 25-year-old Caucasian male.

ADJ
= white

2. Caucasian Caucasians
A Caucasian is someone who is Caucasian.

- Ann Hamilton was a Caucasian from New England.

N-COUNT

3. Caucasian
Anthropologists use Caucasian to refer to someone from a racial grouping coming from Europe, North Africa, and western Asia. (TECHNICAL)

- ...blue eyes and Caucasian features.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. Caucasian Caucasians
A Caucasian is someone who is Caucasian.
N-COUNT

caucus

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:kəs]

[K.K.:ˈkɔkəs]

n.

(政党决定政策或推举竞选人的)核心成员(会议),决策干部(会议)

caucus *

caucus caucuses
A caucus is a group of people within an organization who share similar aims and interests or who have a lot of influence. (FORMAL)

- ...the Black Caucus of minority congressmen.

N-COUNT

cauldron

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:ldrən]

[K.K.:ˈkɔldrən]

n.

大锅

cauldron *

1. cauldron cauldrons
A cauldron is a very large, round metal pot used for cooking over a fire. (LITERARY)
N-COUNT

2. cauldron cauldrons
If you describe a situation as a cauldron , you mean that it is unstable or dangerous. (JOURNALISM)

- A thin veneer of law and order barely keeps the seething, bubbling cauldron of chaos and anarchy in check.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

cauliflower

[D.J.:ˈkɔliflauə]

[K.K.:ˈkɔlɪˌflaʊɚ, ˈkɑlɪ-]

n.

〈植〉花椰菜, 菜花

cauliflower *

cauliflower cauliflowers
Cauliflower is a large round vegetable that has a hard white centre surrounded by green leaves.
N-VAR

causal

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:zəl]

[K.K.:ˈkɔzəl]

adj.

具有因果关系的; 构成原因的

causal

causal
If there is a causal relationship between two things, one thing is responsible for causing the other thing. (FORMAL)

- Rawlins stresses that it is impossible to prove a causal link between the drug and the deaths.

- He would dearly love to show a causal relationship between culture and imperialism, but cannot.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

causality

[D.J.:kɔ:ˈzæliti]

[K.K.:kɔˈzælɪti]

n.

因果关系

因果性

causality

causality
Causality is the relationship of cause and effect. (FORMAL)

- An explanation of an earthquake is a description of the chain of causality that produces it.

N-UNCOUNT

causation

[D.J.:kɔ:ˈzeiʃən]

[K.K.:kɔˈzeʃən]

n.

原因,(某种结果的)出现,发生因果关系

causation

1. causation
The causation of something, usually something bad, is the factors that have caused it. (FORMAL)

- Therefore it is clear that the gene is only part of the causation of illness.

N-UNCOUNT
= cause

2. causation
Causation is a study of the factors involved in causing something. (FORMAL)

- ...an unexamined set of assumptions concerning social causation.

N-UNCOUNT

causative

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:zətiv]

[K.K.:ˈkɔzətɪv]

adj.

成为原因的

causative

causative
Causative factors are ones which are responsible for causing something. (FORMAL)

- Both nicotine and carbon monoxide inhaled with cigarette smoking have been incriminated as causative factors.

- ...the prime causative agent of AIDS.

ADJ: ADJ n

cause

[D.J.:kɔ:z]

[K.K.:kɔz]

n.

原因, 起因

缘故, 理由

事业, 原则, 目标

vt.

成为…的原因; 导致

引起, 促使, 使发生

cause *****

1. cause causes
The cause of an event, usually a bad event, is the thing that makes it happen.

- Smoking is the biggest preventable cause of death and disease.

- The causes are a complex blend of local and national tensions.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
≠ effect

2. cause causes causing caused
To cause something, usually something bad, means to make it happen.

- Attempts to limit family size among some minorities are likely to cause problems.

- This was a genuine mistake, but it did cause me some worry.

- ...a protein that gets into animal cells and attacks other proteins, causing disease to spread.

- ...the damage to Romanian democracy caused by events of the past few days.

VB

3. cause
If you have cause for a particular feeling or action, you have good reasons for feeling it or doing it.

- Only a few people can find any cause for celebration.

- Both had much cause to be grateful for the secretiveness of government in Britain.

N-UNCOUNT: N for n, N to-inf
= reason

4. cause causes
A cause is an aim or principle which a group of people supports or is fighting for.

- Refusing to have one leader has not helped the cause.

N-COUNT
See also lost cause .

5. cause
You use cause and effect to talk about the way in which one thing is caused by another.

- At fourteen he still had no grasp of cause and effect.

PHR

6. cause
If one group of people makes common cause with another, they act together in order to achieve a particular aim even though their aims and beliefs are normally very different. (JOURNALISM)

- They make common cause for a few purposes, but for the most part, they pursue their own interests.

PHR: V inflects

7. cause
If you say that something is in a good cause , or for a good cause , you mean that it is worth doing or giving to because it will help other people, for example by raising money for charity.

- The Raleigh International Bike Ride is open to anyone who wants to raise money for a good cause.

PHR

cause

noun

1.

origin

agent

beginning

creator

genesis

mainspring

maker

producer

root

source

spring

2.

reason

basis

grounds

incentive

inducement

justification

motivation

motive

purpose

3.

aim

belief

conviction

enterprise

ideal

movement

principle

verb

4.

produce

bring about

create

generate

give rise to

incite

induce

lead to

result in

'cause

'cause
'Cause is an informal way of saying because .

- 30 families are suffering 'cause they're out of work.

CONJ-SUBORD also cause
= because

cause c´elèbre

cause c´elèbre causes c´elèbres
A cause c´elèbre is an issue, person, or criminal trial that has attracted a lot of public attention and discussion. (FORMAL)

- The Kravchenko trial became a cause celebre in Paris and internationally.

N-COUNT also cause celebre .

causeway

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:zˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkɔzˌwe]

n.

垫高的堤道

causeway *

causeway causeways
A causeway is a raised path or road that crosses water or wet land.
N-COUNT

caustic

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:stɪk]

[K.K.:ˈkɔstɪk]

adj.

<化>苛性的;腐蚀性的

尖刻的,刻薄的,挖苦的

caustically

adv.

刻薄地,挖苦地

caustically

adv.

尖刻地,讥刺地,挖苦地

caustic *

1. caustic
Caustic chemical substances are very powerful and can dissolve other substances.

- ...caustic cleaning agents...

- Remember that this is caustic; use gloves or a spoon.

ADJ-GRADED
= corrosive

2. caustic
A caustic remark is extremely critical, cruel, or bitter. (FORMAL)

- His abrasive wit and caustic comments were an interviewer's nightmare.

- He was often caustic and mocking, or flew into rages.

ADJ-GRADED
= bitter acid

3. caustically

- She was caustically brilliant, yet totally loyal, unpretentious, human and tolerant.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

caustic

adjective

1.

burning

acrid

astringent

biting

corroding

corrosive

mordant

vitriolic

2.

sarcastic

acrimonious

cutting

pungent

scathing

stinging

trenchant

virulent

vitriolic

caustic soda

caustic soda
Caustic soda is a powerful chemical substance used to make strong soaps and clean drains.
N-UNCOUNT

cauterize

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:təraiz]

[K.K.:ˈkɔtəˌraɪz]

vt. & vi.

(用腐蚀性物质或烙铁)烧灼以消毒

cauterize

cauterize cauterizes cauterizing cauterized
If a doctor cauterizes a wound, he or she burns it with heat or with a chemical in order to close it up and prevent it from becoming infected.

- He dug out the bullet and cauterized the wound with a piece of red-hot iron.

VB (BRIT) also cauterise

caution

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˈkɔʃən]

n.

小心, 谨慎, 慎重

警告

vt.

警告, 提醒, 劝…小心

caution **

1. caution
Caution is great care which you take in order to avoid possible danger.

- Extreme caution should be exercised when buying part-worn tyres.

- The Chancellor is a man of caution.

N-UNCOUNT

2. caution cautions cautioning cautioned
If someone cautions you, they warn you about problems or danger.

- Tony cautioned against misrepresenting the situation.

- The statement clearly was intended to caution Seoul against attempting to block the council's action again.

- He cautioned that opposition attacks on the ruling party would not further political co-operation.

VB
= warn

3. caution
Also a noun.

- There was a note of caution for the Treasury in the figures.

N-UNCOUNT
= warning

4. caution cautions cautioning cautioned
If someone who has broken the law is cautioned by the police, they are warned that if they break the law again official action will be taken against them. (BRIT)

- The two men were cautioned but police say they will not be charged.

- Tapp was eventually cautioned for wasting police time.

VB: usu passive

5. caution cautions
Also a noun.

- In November 1987 Paula escaped with a caution. In October 1988 she was fined.

N-COUNT

6. caution cautions cautioning cautioned
If someone who has been arrested is cautioned , the police warn them that anything they say may be used as evidence in a trial. (BRIT)

- Nobody was cautioned after arrest.

VB: usu passive

7. caution
If you throw caution to the wind , you behave in a way that is not considered sensible or careful.

- I threw caution to the wind and rode as fast as I could.

PHR: V inflects

caution

noun

1.

care

alertness

carefulness

circumspection

deliberation

discretion

forethought

heed

prudence

vigilance

watchfulness

2.

warning

admonition

advice

counsel

injunction

verb

3.

warn

admonish

advise

tip off

urge

cautionary

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:ʃənəri]

[K.K.:ˈkɔʃəˌnɛri]

adj.

提醒注意的, 告诫的

cautionary *

cautionary
A cautionary story or a cautionary note to a story is one that is intended to give a warning to people.

- Barely fifteen months later, it has become a cautionary tale of the pitfalls of international mergers and acquisitions.

- An editorial in The Times sounds a cautionary note.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

cautious

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:ʃəs]

[K.K.:ˈkɔʃəs]

adj.

小心的, 谨慎的

cautiously

[D.J.:ˈk ɔ:ʃəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈk ɔʃəslɪ]

adv.

小心地,谨慎地

cautious ***

1. cautious
Someone who is cautious acts very carefully in order to avoid possible danger.

- The scientists are cautious about using enzyme therapy on humans.

- He is a very cautious man.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n/-ing
= careful ≠ rash

2. cautiously

- David moved cautiously forward and looked over the edge.

- Cautiously, he moved himself into an upright position.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. cautious
If you describe someone's attitude or reaction as cautious , you mean that it is limited or careful. (mainly JOURNALISM)

- He has been seen as a champion of a more cautious approach to economic reform.

ADJ-GRADED
= careful ≠ rash foolhardy

4. cautiously

- I am cautiously optimistic that a new government will be concerned and aware about the environment.

- Rebel sources have so far reacted cautiously to the threat.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj, also ADV with v
= carefully ≠ rashly

cautious

adjective

careful

cagey informal

chary

circumspect

guarded

judicious

prudent

tentative

wary

cavalcade

[D.J.:ˌkævəlˈkeɪd, ˈkævəlˌkeɪd]

[K.K.:ˌkævəlˈked, ˈkævəlˌked]

n.

骑马队伍,车队

cavalcade

cavalcade cavalcades
A cavalcade is a procession of people on horses or in cars or carriages.

- ...a cavalcade of limousines and police motorcycles.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

cavalcade

noun

parade

array

march-past

procession

spectacle

train

cavalier

[D.J.:ˌkævəˈlɪə]

[K.K.:ˌkævəˈlɪr]

n.

对女人彬彬有礼的绅士,对女人献殷勤的男子

<古>骑士,骑手

<史>英内战时查理一世的支持者,保皇党成员

adj.

随便的,傲慢的,蔑视的,草率的

cavalier

cavalier
If you describe a person or their behaviour as cavalier , you are criticizing them because you think that they do not consider other people's feelings or take account of the seriousness of a situation.

- The Editor takes a cavalier attitude to the concept of fact checking.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= casual

cavalier

adjective

haughty

arrogant

disdainful

lofty

lordly

offhand

scornful

supercilious

cavalry

[D.J.:ˈkævəlri]

[K.K.:ˈkævəlri]

n.

骑兵(队)

cavalry **

1. cavalry
The cavalry is the part of an army that uses armoured vehicles for fighting.

- The Cavalry were exercising on Salisbury Plain.

- ...the US Army's 1st Cavalry Division.

N-SING

2. cavalry
The cavalry is the group of soldiers in an army who ride horses.

- ...a young cavalry officer.

N-SING

cavalry

noun

horsemen

horse

mounted troops

cavalryman

[D.J.:ˈkævɵlrɪmən]

[K.K.:ˈkævl..rɪmən]

n.

骑兵

cavalryman

cavalryman cavalrymen
A cavalryman is a soldier who is in the cavalry, especially one who rides a horse.
N-COUNT

cave

[D.J.:keiv]

[K.K.:kev]

n.

洞穴

vt. & vi.

(使)塌陷; 倒塌

vi.

屈服

cave ***

cave caves
A cave is a large hole in the side of a cliff or hill, or one that is under the ground.

- Outside the cave mouth the blackness of night was like a curtain.

N-COUNT

cave

noun

hollow

cavern

cavity

den

grotto

cave in ***

1. cave in caves in; caving in; caved in
If something such as a roof or a ceiling caves in , it collapses inwards.

- Part of the roof has caved in.

- The wall caved in to reveal a blocked-up Victorian fireplace.

- I had a nervous breakdown, everything just seemed to cave in on top of me.

PHR-V
= collapse

see also cave-in .

2. cave in caves in; caving in; caved in
If you cave in , you suddenly stop arguing or resisting, especially when people put pressure on you to stop.

- After a ruinous strike, the union caved in.

- The Prime Minister has caved in to backbench pressure.

- He's caved in on capital punishment.

PHR-V
= give in

caveat

[D.J.:ˈkeɪvi:ˌæt, ˈkævi:-, ˈkɑ:vi:ˌɑ:t]

[K.K.:ˈkeviˌæt, ˈkævi-, ˈkɑviˌɑt]

n.

警告,附加说明

caveat

caveat caveats
A caveat is a warning of a specific limitation of something such as information or an agreement. (FORMAL)

- With the caveat that almost every figure in this survey is suspect, it can at least be said that the world travel and tourism industry is huge.

- There was one caveat: he was not to enter into a merger or otherwise dilute the Roche family's control of the firm.

N-COUNT: oft N that

caveat emptor

caveat emptor
Caveat emptor means `let the buyer beware', and is a warning for someone buying something that it is their responsibility to identify and accept any faults in it. (FORMAL, WRITTEN)
CONVENTION

cave-in

[D.J.:ˈkeɪvˌɪn]

[K.K.:ˈkevˌɪn]

n.

陷落

cave-in *

cave-in cave-ins
A cave-in is the sudden collapse of the roof of a cave or mine.
N-COUNT

caveman

[D.J.:ˈkeɪvˌmæn]

[K.K.:ˈkevˌmæn]

n.

史前石器时代的穴居人

对妇女残酷,粗鲁的粗野人

caveman

caveman cavemen
Cavemen were people in prehistoric times who lived mainly in caves.
N-COUNT

caver

[D.J.:ˈkeivə]

[K.K.:ˈkevɚ]

n.

探察洞穴的人

caver

caver cavers
A caver is someone who goes into underground caves as a sport.
N-COUNT

cavern

[D.J.:ˈkævən]

[K.K.:ˈkævən]

n.

大山洞, 大洞穴

cavern *

1. cavern caverns
A cavern is a large deep cave.
N-COUNT

2. cavern caverns
If you describe the inside of a building or a room as a cavern , you mean that it is very large and, usually, dark or without much furniture.

- The kitchen now is a dark cavern, with an antiquated black stove in a corner.

N-COUNT

cavern

noun

cave

hollow

pothole

cavernous

[D.J.:ˈkævənəs]

[K.K.:ˈkævənəs]

adj.

大而深的

cavernous *

cavernous
A cavernous room or building is very large inside, and so it reminds you of a cave.

- Climbing steep stairs to the choir gallery you peer into a cavernous interior.

ADJ-GRADED

cavernous

adjective

deep

hollow

sunken

yawning

caviar

[D.J.:ˈkævi:ˌɑ:, ˈkɑ:vi:-]

[K.K.:ˈkæviˌɑr, ˈkɑvi-]

n.

鱼子酱

caviar *

caviar caviars
Caviar is the salted eggs of a fish called a sturgeon. Caviar is very expensive.
N-MASS also caviare .

cavil

[D.J.:ˈkævəl]

[K.K.:ˈkævəl]

vi.

挑剔,吹毛求疵

n.

吹毛求疵的意见

cavilling

[ˈkæviliŋ]

n.

(矿工的)工作地点抽签法

cavil

1. cavil cavils cavilling cavilled
If you say that someone cavils at something, you mean that they make criticisms of it that you think are unimportant or unnecessary. (FORMAL)

- Since the government has insisted that cash will be shifted into this area, the opposition can hardly cavil.

- Historians tend to cavil at suggestions that this event marked the start of the Civil War.

VB: no passive (AM) caviling , caviled disapproval
= quibble

2. cavil cavils
Also a noun.

- These cavils aside, most of the essays are very good indeed.

N-COUNT (AM) caviling , caviled

cavity

[D.J.:ˈkæviti]

[K.K.:ˈkævɪti]

n.

腔, 洞

cavity *

1. cavity cavities
A cavity is a space or hole in something such as a solid object or a person's body. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. cavity cavities
In dentistry, a cavity is a hole in a tooth, caused by decay. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

cavity

noun

hollow

crater

dent

gap

hole

pit

cavity wall

cavity wall cavity walls
A cavity wall is a wall that consists of two separate walls with a space between them. Cavity walls help to keep out noise and cold. (mainly BRIT)

- ...cavity wall insulation.

N-COUNT: oft N n

cavort

[D.J.:kəˈvɔ:t]

[K.K.:kəˈvɔrt]

vi.

跳跃

cavort

1. cavort cavorts cavorting cavorted
When people cavort , they leap about in a noisy and excited way.

- You can enjoy a quick snack while your children cavort in the sand.

VB
= romp

2. cavort cavorts cavorting cavorted
Cavort is sometimes used by journalists to suggest that people were behaving in a playfully sexual way.

- It was claimed she cavorted with a police sergeant in a jacuzzi but she denies this.

VB
= romp

caw

[D.J.:kɔ:]

[K.K.:kɔ]

abbr.

Carbon-Arc Welding 碳弧焊

caw

caw caws cawing cawed
When a bird such as a crow or a rook caws , it makes a loud harsh sound.

- Outside, a raven cawed again and then there was silence.

VB

cayenne pepper

cayenne pepper
Cayenne pepper or cayenne is a red powder with a hot taste which is made from dried peppers and is used to flavour food.

- Season with salt, pepper and a pinch of cayenne.

N-UNCOUNT

CB

abbr.

citizen's band 民用波段

CB

abbr.

citizen's band 民用波段

CB

CB
CB , an abbreviation for `Citizens' Band', is a range of radio frequencies which the general public is allowed to use to send messages to each other. It is used especially by truck drivers and other drivers who use radio sets in their vehicles.
N-UNCOUNT

cc

cubic centimeter 立方厘米

cc.

cubic centimeter 立方厘米

cc

1. cc
You use cc when referring to the volume or capacity of something such as the size of a car engine. cc is an abbreviation for `cubic centimetres'.

- ...1,500 cc sports cars.

2. cc
cc is used at the end of a business letter to indicate that a copy is being sent to another person.

- ...cc J. Chater, S. Cooper.

CD

[si:ˈdi:]

n.

激光[镭射]唱片, 光盘

CD ***

CD CDs
CDs are small plastic discs on which sound, especially music, is recorded. CDs can also be used to store information which can be read by a computer. CD is an abbreviation for `compact disc'.

- The Beatles' Red and Blue compilations are issued on CD for the first time next month.

N-COUNT

CD player *

CD player CD players
A CD player is a machine on which you can play CDs.
N-COUNT

Cdr

Cdr
Cdr is the written abbreviation for Commander when it is used as a title.

- ...Cdr A.C. Moore.

N-TITLE (AM) also CDR

CD-ROM

[ˌsi:di:ˈrɔm]

n.

只读存储器, 只读光盘

CD-ROM *

CD-ROM CD-ROMs
A CD-ROM is a CD on which a very large amount of information can be stored and then read using a computer. CD-ROM is an abbreviation for `compact disc read-only memory'.

- A single CD-ROM can hold more than 500 megabytes of data.

- The collected Austen novels on CD-ROM will cost £35.

N-COUNT

CD-ROM drive

CD-ROM drive CD-ROM drives
A CD-ROM drive is the device that you use with a computer to play CD-ROMs.
N-COUNT

cease

[D.J.:si:s]

[K.K.:sis]

vt. & vi.

停止, 终止, 结束

ceasing

[ˈsi:siŋ]

n.

停止,终了,中止

cease ***

1. cease ceases ceasing ceased
If something ceases , it stops happening or existing. (FORMAL)

- At one o'clock the rain had ceased.

VB
= stop

2. cease ceases ceasing ceased
If you cease to do something, you stop doing it. (FORMAL)

- He never ceases to amaze me.

- The secrecy about the President's condition had ceased to matter.

- A small number of firms have ceased trading.

VB

3. cease ceases ceasing ceased
If you cease something, you stop it happening or working. (FORMAL)

- The Tundra Times, a weekly newspaper in Alaska, ceased publication this week.

VB
= stop

cease

verb

stop

break off

conclude

discontinue

end

finish

halt

leave off

refrain

terminate

ceasefire

[ˈsi:sfaiə]

n.

(通常指永久性的)停火; 停战

ceasefire ***

ceasefire ceasefires
A ceasefire is an arrangement in which countries or groups of people that are fighting each other agree to stop fighting.

- They have agreed to a ceasefire after three years of conflict.

- UN officials are expressing cautious optimism that the latest cease-fire is holding.

N-COUNT also cease-fire .
= truce

ceaseless

[D.J.:ˈsi:slɪs]

[K.K.:ˈsislɪs]

adj.

<正> 不停的;(好像)无休止的;不断的

ceaselessly

[D.J.:ˈsi:slɪslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈsislɪslɪ]

adv.

不停地;持续地

ceaseless

1. ceaseless
If something, often something unpleasant, is ceaseless , it continues for a long time without stopping or changing. (FORMAL)

- There is a ceaseless struggle from noon to night.

ADJ-GRADED
= endless

2. ceaselessly

- The characters complain ceaselessly about food queues, prices and corruption.

ADV: usu ADV with v
= endlessly

ceaseless

adjective

continual

constant

endless

eternal

everlasting

incessant

interminable

never-ending

nonstop

perpetual

unremitting

cedar

[D.J.:ˈsi:də]

[K.K.:ˈsidɚ]

n.

雪松; 西洋杉

cedar *

1. cedar cedars
A cedar is a large evergreen tree with wide branches and small thin leaves called needles.
N-COUNT

2. cedar
Cedar is the wood of this tree.

- The yacht is built of cedar strip planking.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

cede

[D.J.:si:d]

[K.K.:sid]

vt.

让给, 割让;放弃

cede *

cede cedes ceding ceded
If someone in a position of authority cedes land or power to someone else, they let them have the land or power, often as a result of military or political pressure. (FORMAL)

- Only a short campaign took place in Puerto Rico, but after the war Spain ceded the island to America.

- The General had promised to cede power by January.

VB
= concede

cede

verb

surrender

concede

hand over

make over

relinquish

renounce

resign

transfer

yield

cedilla

[D.J.:siˈdilə]

[K.K.:sɪˈdɪlə]

n.

变音符号

cedilla

cedilla cedillas
A cedilla is a symbol that is written under the letter `c' in French, Portuguese, and some other languages to show that you pronounce it like a letter `s' rather than like a letter `k'. It is written ¸c.
N-COUNT

ceilidh

[D.J.:ˈkeɪli:]

[K.K.:ˈkeli]

n.

同乐会

ceilidh

ceilidh ceilidhs
A ceilidh is an informal entertainment, especially in Scotland or Ireland, at which there is folk music, singing, and dancing.
N-COUNT

ceiling

[D.J.:ˈsi:liŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsilɪŋ]

n.

天花板, 顶棚

最高限度, 上限

高度, 上升限度; 云幕高度

ceiling **

1. ceiling ceilings
A ceiling is the horizontal surface that forms the top part or roof inside a room.

- The rooms were spacious, with tall windows and high ceilings.

- The study was lined from floor to ceiling on every wall with bookcases.

N-COUNT

2. ceiling ceilings
A ceiling on something such as prices or wages is an official upper limit that cannot be broken.

- ...an informal agreement to put a ceiling on salaries...

- The agreement sets the ceiling of twenty-two-point-five million barrels a day on OPEC production.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= limit

3. ceiling ceilings
A ceiling is the greatest height at which a particular aircraft can fly safely. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

celeb

[D.J.:siˈleb]

[K.K.:səˈlɛb]

n.

〈俚〉名人,著名人士,名流(celebrity的缩写)

celeb

celeb celebs
Celeb means the same as celebrity . (INFORMAL, mainly JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT

celebrant

[D.J.:ˈselibrənt]

[K.K.:ˈsɛləbrənt]

n.

司仪神父,天主教主领弥撒的神父

celebrant

celebrant celebrants
A celebrant is a person who performs or takes part in a religious ceremony. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

celebrate

[D.J.:ˈselibreit]

[K.K.:ˈsɛləˌbret]

vt. & vi.

庆祝

vt.

颂扬, 赞美, 歌颂

celebrated

[D.J.:ˈseləˌbreɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈsɛləˌbretɪd]

adj.

有名的,著名的

celebrate ***

1. celebrate celebrates celebrating celebrated
If you celebrate , you do something enjoyable because of a special occasion or to mark someone's success.

- I was in a mood to celebrate.

- Tom celebrated his 24th birthday two days ago.

VB

2. celebrate celebrates celebrating celebrated
If an organization or country is celebrating an anniversary, it has existed for that length of time and is doing something special because of it.

- The Society is celebrating its tenth anniversary this year.

VB

3. celebrate celebrates celebrating celebrated
When priests celebrate Holy Communion or Mass, they officially perform the actions and ceremonies that are involved.

- Pope John Paul celebrated mass today in a city in central Poland.

VB

celebrated **

celebrated
A celebrated person or thing is famous and much admired.

- He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.

- Dean died three days before the opening of Rebel Without Cause, his most celebrated film.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= renowned

celebrate

verb

1.

rejoice

commemorate

drink to

keep

kill the fatted calf

observe

put the flags out

toast

2.

perform

bless

honour

solemnize

celebrated

adjective

well-known

acclaimed

distinguished

eminent

famous

illustrious

notable

popular

prominent

renowned

celebration

[D.J.:ˌselɪˈbreɪʃɵn]

n.

庆祝

庆祝会(仪式)

celebration ***

1. celebration celebrations
A celebration is a special enjoyable event that people organize because something pleasant has happened or because it is someone's birthday or anniversary.

- I can tell you, there was a celebration in our house that night.

- ...his eightieth birthday celebrations.

N-COUNT

2. celebration
The celebration of something is praise and appreciation which is given to it.

- This was not a memorial service but a celebration of his life.

- He sees the poem as a celebration of human love.

N-SING: usu N of n

celebration

noun

1.

party

festival

festivity

gala

jubilee

merrymaking

red-letter day

revelry

2.

performance

anniversary

commemoration

honouring

observance

remembrance

solemnization

celebratory

celebratory
A celebratory meal, drink, or other activity takes place to celebrate something such as a birthday, anniversary, or victory.

- That night she, Nicholson and the crew had a celebratory dinner.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

celebrity

[D.J.:siˈlebriti]

[K.K.:səˈlɛbrɪti]

n.

(尤指娱乐界的)名人, 名流

名声, 名誉

celebrity **

1. celebrity celebrities
A celebrity is someone who is famous, especially in areas of entertainment such as films, music, writing, or sports.

- In 1944, at the age of 30, Hersey suddenly became a celebrity.

- ...a host of celebrities.

N-COUNT
= star

2. celebrity
If a person or thing achieves celebrity , they become famous, especially in areas of entertainment such as films, writing, or sport.

- Joanna has finally made it to the first rank of celebrity after 25 years as an actress.

N-UNCOUNT

celebrity

noun

1.

personality

big name

big shot informal

dignitary

luminary

star

superstar

V.I.P.

2.

fame

distinction

notability

prestige

prominence

renown

reputation

repute

stardom

celery

[D.J.:ˈseləri:]

[K.K.:ˈsɛləri]

n.

芹菜

celery *

celery
Celery is a vegetable with long pale green stalks. It is eaten raw in salads.

- ...a stick of celery.

N-UNCOUNT

celestial

[D.J.:səˈlestʃəl]

[K.K.:səˈlɛstʃəl]

adj.

天的, 天空的

celestial *

1. celestial
Celestial is used to describe things relating to heaven or to the sky. (LITERARY)

- ...the clusters of celestial bodies in the ever-expanding universe...

- In the process of their careful watching and recording the celestial movements the Chinese provided valuable and interesting information for succeeding generations.

ADJ

2. celestial
If you describe something as celestial , you mean that it is wonderful.

- ...a chocolate cake with an apricot filling and celestial effect on the taste buds.

ADJ-GRADED
= heavenly

celestial

adjective

heavenly

angelic

astral

divine

ethereal

spiritual

sublime

supernatural

celibacy

[D.J.:ˈseləbəsi:]

[K.K.:ˈsɛləbəsi]

n.

独身生活

celibacy

celibacy
Celibacy is the state of being celibate.
N-UNCOUNT
= chastity

celibacy

noun

chastity

continence

purity

virginity

celibate

[D.J.:ˈseləbɪt]

[K.K.:ˈsɛləbɪt]

n.

独身者

adj.

独身者的

celibate

1. celibate
Someone who is celibate does not marry or have sex, because of their religious beliefs.

- The Pope bluntly told the world's priests yesterday to stay celibate.

ADJ

2. celibate celibates
A celibate is someone who is celibate.
N-COUNT

3. celibate
Someone who is celibate does not have sex during a particular period of their life.

- I was celibate for two years.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

cell

[D.J.:sel]

[K.K.:sɛl]

n.

〈生〉细胞

小牢房, 单人小室

电池

cell ****

1. cell cells
A cell is the smallest part of an animal or plant that is able to function independently. Every animal or plant is made up of millions of cells.

- Those cells divide and give many other different types of cells.

- ...blood cells...

- Soap destroys the cell walls of bacteria.

N-COUNT

2. cell cells
A cell is a small room in which a prisoner is locked. A cell is also a small room in which a monk or nun lives.
N-COUNT

3. cell cells
You can refer to a small group of people within a larger organization as a cell .

- ...Communist Party cells.

N-COUNT: usu n N

cell

noun

1.

room

cavity

chamber

compartment

cubicle

dungeon

stall

2.

unit

caucus

core

coterie

group

nucleus

cellar

[D.J.:ˈselə]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlɚ]

n.

地下室, 地窖

酒窖

cellar *

1. cellar cellars
A cellar is a room underneath a building, which is often used for storing things in.

- The box of papers had been stored in a cellar at the family home.

N-COUNT

2. cellar cellars
A person's or restaurant's cellar is the collection of different wines that they have.

- Choose a superb wine to complement your meal from our extensive wine cellar.

N-COUNT: usu sing

cellist

[D.J.:ˈtʃelɪst]

n.

大提琴手

cellist

cellist cellists
A cellist is someone who plays the cello.
N-COUNT

cellmate

cellmate cellmates
In a prison, someone's cellmate is the person they share their cell with.
N-COUNT: usu with poss also cell-mate .

cello

[D.J.:ˈtʃeləʊ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛlo]

n.

大提琴

cello *

cello cellos
A cello is a musical instrument with four strings that looks like a large violin. You play the cello with a bow while sitting down and holding it upright between your legs.
N-VAR: oft the N

cellophane

[D.J.:ˈseləˌfeɪn]

[K.K.:ˈsɛləˌfen]

n.

玻璃纸

cellophane

cellophane
Cellophane is a thin, transparent material that is used to wrap things. (TRADEMARK)

- She tore off the cellophane, pulled out a cigarette, and lit it.

- ...a cellophane wrapper.

N-UNCOUNT

cellphone

n.

蜂窝式便携无线电话,大哥大

cellphone

cellphone cellphones
A cellphone is the same as a cellular phone . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also cell-phone .
= cellular phone mobile phone

cellular

[D.J.:ˈseljələ]

[K.K.:ˈsɛljəlɚ]

adj.

由许多小单元组成的;蜂窝状的

(布等)有网眼的

多孔的

利用电台网通讯的, 蜂窝式无线通讯系统的

cellular *

cellular
Cellular means relating to the cells of animals or plants.

- Many toxic effects can be studied at the cellular level.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

cellular phone

cellular phone cellular phones
A cellular phone or cellular telephone is a type of telephone which does not need wires to connect it to a telephone system.
N-COUNT
= cellphone

cellulite

[D.J.:ˈseljəˌlaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈsɛljəˌlaɪt]

n.

(胖女人臀腿部的)脂肪团

cellulite *

cellulite
Cellulite is lumpy fat which people may get under their skin, especially on their thighs.
N-UNCOUNT

celluloid

[D.J.:ˈseljəˌlɔɪd]

[K.K.:ˈsɛljəˌlɔɪd]

n.

赛璐珞；电影胶片

celluloid

celluloid
You can use celluloid to refer to films and the cinema.

- King's works seem to lack something on celluloid.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

cellulose

[D.J.:ˈseljəˌləʊs, -ˌləʊz]

[K.K.:ˈsɛljəˌlos, -ˌloz]

n.

细胞膜质;纤维素

cellulose

cellulose
Cellulose is a substance that exists in the cell walls of plants and is used to make paper, plastic, and various fabrics and fibres.
N-UNCOUNT

Celsius

[D.J.:ˈselsi:əs, -ʃəs]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlsiəs, -ʃəs]

n.

摄氏

adj.

摄氏的

Celsius thermometer

摄氏温度计

Celsius *

1. Celsius
Celsius is a scale for measuring temperature, in which water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees. It is represented by the symbol °C.

- Highest temperatures 11° Celsius, that's 52° Fahrenheit.

ADJ: n/num ADJ
= centigrade

2. Celsius
Also a noun.

- The thermometer shows the temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit.

N-UNCOUNT

Celt

[D.J.:kelt, selt]

[K.K.:kɛlt, sɛlt]

n.

凯尔特人(散布在爱尔兰、威尔士、苏格兰、康沃尔郡、布列塔尼的一个欧洲民族)

Celt *

Celt Celts
If you describe someone as a Celt , you mean that they are part of the racial group which comes from Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and some other areas such as Brittany.
N-COUNT

Celtic

[D.J.:ˈkeltɪk, ˈsel-]

[K.K.:ˈkɛltɪk, ˈsɛl-]

adj.

凯尔特人的

n.

凯尔特语

Celtic **

Celtic
If you describe something as Celtic , you mean that it is connected with the people and the culture of Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and some other areas such as Brittany.

- ...important figures in Celtic tradition.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

cement

[D.J.:siˈment]

[K.K.:sɪˈmɛnt]

n.

水泥

接合剂, 黏合物

vt.

在…上抹水泥

粘牢

巩固, 加强

cemented

灌水泥的

cementing

[siˈmentiŋ]

n.

胶接,溶接,粘合

cement **

1. cement
Cement is a grey powder which is mixed with sand and water in order to make concrete.

- Builders have trouble getting the right amount of cement into their concrete.

N-UNCOUNT

2. cement
Cement is the same as concrete .

- ...the hard cold cement floor.

N-UNCOUNT
= concrete

3. cement
Glue that is made for sticking particular substances together is sometimes called cement .

- Stick the pieces on with tile cement.

N-UNCOUNT: usu n N

4. cement cements cementing cemented
Something that cements a relationship or agreement makes it stronger.

- Nothing cements a friendship between countries so much as trade.

VB

5. cement
The cement of a relationship or agreement is something that makes it stronger and more long-lasting. (LITERARY)

- ...the power of the party, once the cement that held the Soviet Union together...

- In the old days, television was the cement of society.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

6. cement cements cementing cemented
If things are cemented together, they are stuck or fastened together.

- Most artificial joints are cemented into place.

VB: usu passive

cement

noun

1.

mortar

adhesive

glue

gum

paste

plaster

sealant

verb

2.

stick together

attach

bind

bond

combine

glue

join

plaster

seal

unite

weld

cement mixer

cement mixer cement mixers
A cement mixer is a machine with a large revolving container into which builders put cement, sand, and water in order to make concrete.
N-COUNT

cemetery

[D.J.:ˈsemitri]

[K.K.:ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri]

n.

(非教堂的)墓地, 公墓

cemetery **

cemetery cemeteries
A cemetery is a place where dead people's bodies or their ashes are buried.
N-COUNT
= graveyard

cemetery

noun

graveyard

burial ground

churchyard

God's acre

necropolis

cenotaph

[D.J.:ˈsenətɑ:f]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnəˌtæf]

n.

纪念碑,衣冠冢,纪念塔

cenotaph

cenotaph cenotaphs
A cenotaph is a structure that is built in honour of soldiers who died in a war.
N-COUNT

censor

[D.J.:ˈsensə]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnsɚ]

n.

(书刊、电影等的)审查员,审查官;信件检查员

(古罗马负责调查户口、监察社会风纪等的)监察官

censorial

adj.

监察官的;审查员的

censorial

[senˈsɔ:riəl]

adj.

检查官的,监察的

censor *

1. censor censors censoring censored
If someone in authority censors letters or the media, they officially examine them and cut out any information that is regarded as secret.

- The military-backed government has heavily censored the news.

VB

2. censor censors
A censor is a person who has been officially appointed to examine letters or the media and to cut out any parts that are regarded as secret.

- The report was cleared by the American military censors.

N-COUNT

3. censor censors censoring censored
If someone in authority censors a book, play, or film, they officially examine it and cut out any parts that are considered to be immoral or inappropriate.

- The Late Show censored the band's live version of `Bullet In The Head'.

- ITV companies tend to censor bad language in feature films.

VB

4. censor censors
A censor is a person who has been officially appointed to examine plays, films, and books and to cut out any parts that are considered to be immoral.

- ...the British Board of Film Censors.

N-COUNT

censor

verb

cut

blue-pencil

bowdlerize

expurgate

censorious

[D.J.:senˈsɔ:ri:əs, -ˈsəʊr-]

[K.K.:sɛnˈsɔriəs, -ˈsor-]

adj.

苛评的,吹毛求疵的

censorious

censorious
If you describe someone as censorious , you do not like the way they strongly disapprove of and criticize someone else's behaviour. (FORMAL)

- Despite strong principles he was never censorious.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= critical

censorious

adjective

critical

captious

carping

cavilling

condemnatory

disapproving

disparaging

fault-finding

hypercritical

scathing

severe

censorship

[D.J.:ˈsensəˌʃɪp]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnsɚˌʃɪp]

n.

审查员的职权;审查(制度)

censorship *

censorship
Censorship is the censoring of books, plays, films, or reports, especially by government officials, because they are considered immoral or secret in some way.

- The government today announced that press censorship was being lifted.

N-UNCOUNT

censure

[D.J.:ˈsenʃə]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnʃɚ]

n.

指责,谴责

vt.

指责;非难;谴责

censure *

1. censure censures censuring censured
If you censure someone for something that they have done, you tell them that you strongly disapprove of it. (FORMAL)

- The ethics committee may take a decision to admonish him or to censure him.

- I would not presume to censure Osborne for hating his mother.

VB
= condemn

2. censure
Also a noun.

- It is a controversial policy which has attracted international censure.

N-UNCOUNT

censure

noun

1.

disapproval

blame

condemnation

criticism

obloquy

rebuke

reprimand

reproach

reproof

stick slang

verb

2.

criticize

blame

castigate

condemn

denounce

rap over the knuckles

rebuke

reprimand

reproach

scold

slap on the wrist

census

[D.J.:ˈsensəs]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnsəs]

n.

人口普查, 统计

census **

census censuses
A census is an official survey of the population of a country that is carried out in order to find out how many people live there and to obtain details of such things as people's ages and jobs.
N-COUNT

cent

[D.J.:sent]

[K.K.:sɛnt]

n.

分, 一分钱的硬币

cent **

cent cents
A cent is a small unit of money worth one hundredth of the main unit of money in many countries, for example the United States or Australia.

- A cup of rice which cost thirty cents a few weeks ago is now being sold for up to one dollar.

- We haven't got a cent.

N-COUNT: usu num N
See also per cent .

centaur

[D.J.:ˈsentɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnˌtɔr]

n.

(希腊神话中)半人半马怪物

centaur

centaur centaurs
In classical mythology, a centaur is a creature with the head, arms, and body of a man, and the body and legs of a horse.
N-COUNT

centenarian

[D.J.:ˌsentiˈnɛəriən]

[K.K.:ˌsɛntəˈnɛriən]

adj.,n.

百岁或逾百岁以上的(人);百岁老人(的)

centenarian

centenarian centenarians
A centenarian is someone who is a hundred years old or older.

- Japan has more than 4,000 centenarians.

N-COUNT

centenary

[D.J.:senˈtenəri:, ˈsentəˌneri:]

[K.K.:sɛnˈtɛnəri, ˈsɛntəˌnɛri]

n.

一百周年(纪念)

centenary *

centenary centenaries
The centenary of an event such as someone's birth is the 100th anniversary of that event. (mainly BRIT; in AM use centennial )

- This week is the centenary of the death of the world-famous Dutch painter, Vincent Van Gogh.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

centennial

[D.J.:senˈteni:əl]

[K.K.:sɛnˈtɛniəl]

n.

一百周年(纪念)

centennial *

centennial
A centennial is the same as a centenary . (mainly AM; BRIT, FORMAL)

- The centennial Olympics will be in Atlanta, Georgia.

N-SING: oft N n

centigrade

[D.J.:ˈsentiɡreid]

[K.K.:ˈsɛntɪˌɡred]

n.

摄氏

centigrade

1. centigrade
Centigrade is a scale for measuring temperature, in which water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees. It is represented by the symbol °C.

- ...daytime temperatures of up to forty degrees centigrade.

ADJ: usu n/num ADJ
= Celsius

2. centigrade
Also a noun.

- The number at the bottom is the recommended water temperature in Centigrade.

N-UNCOUNT

centilitre

n.

厘升(等于百分之一公升)

centilitre

centilitre centilitres
A centilitre is a unit of volume in the metric system equal to ten millilitres or one-hundredth of a litre.
N-COUNT (AM) centiliter

centimetre

[D.J.:ˈsentiˌmi:tə]

[K.K.:ˈsɛntəˌmitɚ]

n.

厘米

centimetre *

centimetre centimetres
A centimetre is a unit of length in the metric system equal to ten millimetres or one-hundredth of a metre.

- ...a tiny fossil plant, only a few centimetres high.

N-COUNT (AM) centimeter

centipede

[D.J.:ˈsentipi:d]

[K.K.:ˈsɛntəˌpid]

n.

蜈蚣

centipede

centipede centipedes
A centipede is a long, thin creature with a lot of legs.
N-COUNT

central

[D.J.:ˈsentrəl]

[K.K.:ˈsɛntrəl]

adj.

中心的, 中央的, 形成中心的

最重要的, 主要的, 首要的

有全部权力或控制力的

centrality

[D.J.:senˈtræliti]

[K.K.:sɛnˈtrælɪti]

n.

中心,中央,向心性,集中性

centrally

[D.J.:ˈsentrəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈs ɛntrəlɪ]

adv.

在中心地；主要地；集中地

central *****

1. central
Something that is central is in the middle of a place or area.

- ...Central America's Caribbean coast...

- The disruption has now spread and is affecting a large part of central Liberia.

- ...a rich woman living in central London.

ADJ

2. centrally

- The main cabin has its full-sized double bed centrally placed with plenty of room around it.

ADV: ADV -ed, ADV after v

3. central
A place that is central is easy to reach because it is in the centre of a city, town, or particular area.

- ...a central location in the capital.

ADJ-GRADED

4. centrally

- ...this centrally located hotel, situated on the banks of the Marne Canal.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed, ADV after v

5. central
A central group or organization makes all the important decisions that are followed throughout a larger organization or a country.

- There is a lack of trust towards the central government in Rome.

- ...the central committee of the Cuban communist party.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. centrally

- This is a centrally planned economy.

ADV: ADV -ed, ADV after v

7. central
The central person or thing in a particular situation is the most important one.

- Black dance music has been central to mainstream pop since the early '60s.

- ...a central part of their culture.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

8. centrality

- The centrality of the German economy to the welfare of Europe must be recognised.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

9. centrally

- In her memoirs Naomi is quick to acknowledge that her grandmother was centrally important in her venture as a writer.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group, ADV after v

central

adjective

1.

middle

inner

interior

mean

median

mid

2.

main

chief

essential

focal

fundamental

key

primary

principal

central heating *

central heating
Central heating is a heating system for buildings. Air or water is heated in one place and travels round a building through pipes and radiators.
N-UNCOUNT

centralism

[D.J.:ˈsentrəlizəm]

[K.K.:ˈsɛntrəˌlɪzəm]

n.

中央集权制

centralism

centralism
Centralism is a way of governing a country, or organizing something such as industry, education, or politics, which involves having one central group of people who give instructions to everyone else.
N-UNCOUNT
= focus

centralist

[ˈsentrəlist]

n.

中央集权主义者

centralist

1. centralist
Centralist organizations govern a country or organize things using one central group of people who control and instruct everyone else.

- ...a strong centralist state.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. centralist centralists
A centralist is someone with centralist views.
N-COUNT

centralization

[ˈsentrəlaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

集中,中央集权化

centralize

[D.J.:ˈsentrəˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈsɛntrəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使处于中央的控制之下,把…集中于中央

centralization

n.

集中

centralized

adj.

集中的,中央集权的

centralize *

1. centralize centralizes centralizing centralized
To centralize a country, state, or organization means to create a system in which one central group of people gives instructions to regional groups.

- In the mass production era multinational firms tended to centralize their operations.

- The economy of the times made it difficult to support centralized rule.

VB (BRIT) also centralise

2. centralization

- Nowhere in Britain has bureaucratic centralization proceeded with more pace than in Scotland.

N-UNCOUNT

centralize

verb

unify

concentrate

condense

incorporate

rationalize

streamline

centrally heated

centrally heated
A centrally heated building or room has central heating.

- Most centrally heated houses and offices tend to have too dry an atmosphere.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

central nervous system

central nervous system central nervous systems
Your central nervous system is the part of your nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord.
N-COUNT

central reservation

central reservation central reservations
The central reservation is the strip of ground, often covered with grass, that separates the two sides of a major road. (BRIT; in AM use median or median strip )
N-COUNT

centre

[D.J.:ˈsentə]

[K.K.:ˈsɛntɚ]

n.

中心点, 中心, 中央

使人感兴趣的集中点

中枢

活动集中的地方

政治上的中间立场或中间党派

vt. & vi.

置于中央

集中

centred

位于中心的,以某一对象为中心的

centring

[ˈsentriŋ]

n.

对准中心,(对准)中心调整,定(中)心,打中心孔,合轴调整

-centred

-centred
-centred can be added to adjectives and nouns to indicate what kind of a centre something has.

- ...lemon-centered white chocolates.

COMB in ADJ (AM) -centered
See also self-centred .

centre *****

1. centre centres
A centre is a building where people have meetings, take part in a particular activity, or get help of some kind.

- We went to a party at the leisure centre.

- She now also does pottery classes at a community centre.

- ...the National Exhibition Centre.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft in names after n (AM) center

2. centre centres
If an area or town is a centre for an industry or activity, that industry or activity is very important there.

- London is also the major international insurance centre.

N-COUNT: with supp (AM) center

3. centre centres
The centre of something is the middle of it.

- A large wooden table dominates the centre of the room.

- Bake until light golden and crisp around the edges and slightly soft in the centre.

N-COUNT: usu sing (AM) center

4. centre centres
The centre of a town or city is the part where there are the most shops and businesses and where a lot of people come from other areas to work or shop.

- ...the city centre.

N-COUNT: usu sing (AM) center

5. centre centres
If something or someone is at the centre of a situation, they are the most important thing or person involved.

- ...the man at the centre of the controversy...

- At the centre of the heated row was the question: Who leaked little Jennifer's name?

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n (AM) center

6. centre centres
If someone or something is the centre of attention or interest, people are giving them a lot of attention.

- The rest of the cast was used to her being the centre of attention.

- The centre of attraction was Pierre Auguste Renoir's oil painting.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n (AM) center
= focus

7. centre
In politics, the centre refers to groups and their beliefs, when they are considered to be neither left-wing nor right-wing.

- The Democrats have become a party of the centre.

- ...the centre parties.

N-SING: the N, oft N n (AM) center

8. centre centres centring centred
If you centre something, you move it so that it is at the centre of something else.

- Centre the design on the cloth before you start.

VB (AM) center

9. centre centres centring centred
If something centres or is centred on a particular thing or person, that thing or person is the main subject of attention.

- ...the improvement was the result of a plan which centred on academic achievement and personal motivation...

- All his concerns were centred around himself rather than Rachel.

- When working with patients, my efforts are centred on helping them to overcome illness.

V-ERG (AM) center

10. -centred

- ...a child-centred approach to teaching.

- ...patient-centred care.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

11. centre centres centring centred
If an industry or event is centred in a place, or if it centres there, it takes place to the greatest extent there.

- The fighting has been centred around the town of Vucovar.

- The disturbances have centred round the two main university areas.

- Between 100 and 150 travellers' vehicles were scattered around the county, with the largest gathering centred on Ampfield.

V-ERG (AM) center

centred **

centred
If an industry or event is centred in a place, it takes place to the greatest extent there.

- ...the silk industry, which was centered in Valencia.

- ...the tremor, which was centred on the Carpathian Mountains.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep (AM) centered

centre

noun

1.

middle

core

focus

heart

hub

kernel

midpoint

nucleus

pivot

verb

2.

focus

cluster

concentrate

converge

revolve

centrefold

n.

(杂志的)中间插页,裸体照片插页

centrefold

centrefold centrefolds
A centrefold is a picture that covers the two central pages of a magazine, especially a photograph of a naked or partly naked woman.
N-COUNT (AM) centerfold
= pin-up

centre-forward *

centre-forward centre-forwards
A centre-forward in a team sport such as football or hockey is the player or position in the middle of the front row of attacking players.
N-COUNT

centre of gravity

centre of gravity centres of gravity
The centre of gravity of an object is a point in it. If this point is above the base of the object, it stays stable, rather than falling over.
N-COUNT

centrepiece

[ˈsentəpi:s]

n.

置于桌子中央的装饰品(尤指鲜花)

(整体中)最引人注目的部分

centrepiece *

1. centrepiece centrepieces
The centrepiece of a number of things is the one that you show as the best or most interesting.

- This year the centrepiece of the Festival will be its presentation of two rarely performed operas.

N-COUNT: usu N of n (AM) centerpiece

2. centrepiece centrepieces
A centrepiece is an ornament which you put in the middle of something, especially a dinner table.
N-COUNT (AM) centerpiece

centre stage *

centre stage
If something or someone takes centre stage , they become very important or noticeable.

- The referee took centre stage as 11 players were booked and one sent off in a bizarre game.

- Nuclear proliferation has returned to centre stage in international affairs.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N The spellings centre-stage in British English, and center stage in American English are also used.

centrifugal force

centrifugal force
In physics, centrifugal force is the force that makes objects move outwards when they are spinning around something or travelling in a curve.

- The juice is extracted by centrifugal force.

N-UNCOUNT

centrifuge

[D.J.:ˈsentrifju:dʒ]

[K.K.:ˈsɛntrəˌfjudʒ]

n.

离心机

centrifuge

centrifuge centrifuges
A centrifuge is a machine that spins mixtures of different substances around very quickly so that they separate by centrifugal force.
N-COUNT

centrist

[D.J.:ˈsentrist]

[K.K.:ˈsɛntrɪst]

n.

(政治上的)中间派, 温和派

adj.

(政治上的)中间派的, 温和派的

centrist *

1. centrist
Centrist policies and parties are moderate rather than extreme.

- He had left the movement because it had abandoned its centrist policies.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. centrist centrists
A centrist is someone with centrist views.
N-COUNT

centurion

[D.J.:senˈtjuəriən]

[K.K.:sɛnˈtʊriən, -ˈtjʊr-]

n.

百人队长,百夫长(古罗马的军官,指挥百人)

centurion

centurion centurions
A centurion was an officer in the Roman army.
N-COUNT

century

[D.J.:ˈsentʃuri]

[K.K.:ˈsɛntʃəri]

n.

100年, 一世纪

100分

century *****

1. century centuries
A century is a period of a hundred years that is used when stating a date. For example, the 19th century was the period from 1801 to 1900.

- The material position of the Church had been declining since the late eighteenth century.

- ...a 17th-century merchant's house.

N-COUNT: usu ord N

2. century centuries
A century is any period of a hundred years.

- The drought there is the worst in a century.

N-COUNT

3. century centuries
In cricket, a century is a score of one hundred runs or more by one batsman.
N-COUNT

CEO

abbr.

Chief Executive Officer 执行总裁, 首席执行官

CEO

abbr.

Chief Executive Officer 执行总裁，首席执行官

CEO

CEO CEOs
CEO is an abbreviation for chief executive officer .
N-COUNT

ceramic

[D.J.:siˈræmik]

[K.K.:səˈræmɪk]

adj.

陶器的, 与陶器有关的

ceramics

[D.J.:sɪˈræmɪks]

n.

制陶术,陶器制造;陶瓷工艺

陶器，陶瓷

ceramic **

1. ceramic ceramics
Ceramic is clay that has been heated to a very high temperature so that it becomes hard.

- ...ceramic tiles.

- ...items made from hand-painted ceramic.

N-MASS: usu N n

2. ceramic ceramics
Ceramics are ceramic ornaments or objects.

- ...a collection of Chinese ceramics.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. ceramic
Ceramics is the art of making artistic objects out of clay.
N-UNCOUNT

cereal

[D.J.:ˈsiəriəl]

[K.K.:ˈsɪriəl]

n.

谷类植物, 谷物

谷类食物, 麦片粥

cereal **

1. cereal cereals
Cereal or breakfast cereal is a food made from grain. It is mixed with milk and eaten for breakfast.

- I have a glass of fruit juice and a bowl of cereal every morning.

N-MASS

2. cereal cereals
Cereals are plants such as wheat, corn, or rice that produce grain.

- ...the rich cereal-growing districts of the Paris Basin.

N-COUNT

cerebral

[D.J.:ˈserəbrəl, səˈri:-]

[K.K.:ˈsɛrəbrəl, səˈri-]

adj.

大脑的,脑的

要运用智力或理智的;诉诸理性的;非感情方面的

cerebral *

1. cerebral
If you describe someone or something as cerebral , you mean that they are intellectual rather than emotional. (FORMAL)

- Washington struck me as a precarious place from which to publish such a cerebral newspaper.

ADJ-GRADED
= intellectual

2. cerebral
Cerebral means relating to the brain. (MEDICAL)

- ...a cerebral haemorrhage.

ADJ: ADJ n

cerebral palsy

cerebral palsy
Cerebral palsy is a condition caused by damage to a baby's brain before or during its birth, which makes its limbs and muscles permanently weak.
N-UNCOUNT

ceremonial

[D.J.:ˌserəˈməʊni:əl]

[K.K.:ˌsɛrəˈmoniəl]

adj.

礼仪的;仪式的

ceremonially

adv.

礼仪地;仪式地

ceremonially

adv.

仪式上,礼仪上

ceremonial *

1. ceremonial
Something that is ceremonial relates to a ceremony or is used in a ceremony.

- He represented the nation on ceremonial occasions.

- Feathers of various kinds are used by Native Americans for ceremonial purposes.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. ceremonially

- Corporal Andrew Satchell ceremonially rolled up the flag of the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers.

ADV: ADV with v

3. ceremonial
A position, function, or event that is ceremonial is considered to be representative of an institution, but has very little authority or influence.

- Up to now the post of president has been largely ceremonial.

ADJ

4. ceremonial ceremonials
Ceremonial consists of all the impressive things that are done, said, and worn on very formal occasions.

- ...papal ceremonial.

- ...the ceremonials leading up to the young Emperor's wedding.

N-VAR

5. ceremonial ceremonials
A ceremonial is a ceremony.

- ...a religious ceremonial.

N-COUNT
= ceremony

ceremonial

adjective

1.

ritual

formal

liturgical

ritualistic

solemn

stately

noun

2.

ritual

ceremony

formality

rite

solemnity

ceremoniously

ceremoniously
If someone does something ceremoniously , they do it in an extremely formal way. (WRITTEN)

- The waiter ceremoniously lifted rolls from a basket with a pair of silver tongs.

- Edith greeted them ceremoniously.

ADV: ADV with v

ceremony

[D.J.:ˈseriməni]

[K.K.:ˈsɛrəˌmoni]

n.

典礼, 仪式

礼节, 礼仪

ceremony ***

1. ceremony ceremonies
A ceremony is a formal event such as a wedding.

- ...his grandmother's funeral, a private ceremony attended only by the family...

- Today's award ceremony took place at the British Embassy in Tokyo.

N-COUNT

2. ceremony
Ceremony consists of the special things that are said and done on very formal occasions.

- The Republic was proclaimed in public with great ceremony.

- ...the pomp and ceremony of the Pope's visit.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with N

3. ceremony
If you do something without ceremony , you do it quickly and in a casual way.

- `Is Hilton here?' she asked without ceremony.

N-UNCOUNT: without N

ceremony

noun

1.

ritual

commemoration

function

observance

parade

rite

service

show

solemnities

2.

formality

ceremonial

decorum

etiquette

niceties

pomp

propriety

protocol

cerise

[D.J.:səˈri:z]

[K.K.:səˈris, -ˈriz]

n., adj.

鲜红色(的)

cerise

cerise
Something that is cerise is a bright pinkish red.
COLOUR

cert

[sə:t]

n.

必然发生的事; 绝对确实的事

cert

cert certs
If you say that someone or something is a cert , you mean that you are certain they will succeed. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- There's no such things as a cert in horse racing.

- Anthony was a dead cert for promotion.

N-COUNT

cert. *

cert.
Cert. is a written abbreviation for certificate .

certain

[D.J.:ˈsə:tn]

[K.K.:ˈsɚtn]

adj.

无疑, 肯定

某, 某些

certain 1 being sure ***

1. certain
If you are certain about something, you firmly believe it is true and have no doubt about it. If you are not certain about something, you do not have definite knowledge about it.

- She's absolutely certain she's going to make it in the world.

- We are not certain whether the appendix had already burst or not.

- It wasn't a balloon -- I'm certain of that.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ that/wh, ADJ of/about n
= sure

2. certain
If you say that something is certain to happen, you mean that it will definitely happen.

- However, the scheme is certain to meet opposition from fishermen's leaders.

- It's not certain they'll accept the Front's candidate if he wins.

- Brazil need to beat Uruguay to be certain of a place in the finals.

- The Prime Minister is heading for certain defeat if he forces a vote.

- Victory looked certain.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf, it v-link ADJ that/wh, ADJ of n/-ing

3. certain
If you say that something is certain , you firmly believe that it is true, or have definite knowledge about it.

- One thing is certain, both have the utmost respect for each other.

- It is certain that Rodney arrived the previous day..

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ that/wh

4. certain
If you have certain knowledge, you know that a particular thing is true.

- He had been there four times to my certain knowledge.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

5. certain
If you know something for certain , you have no doubt at all about it.

- She couldn't know what time he'd go, or even for certain that he'd go at all.

- Hill had to find out for certain.

PHR: PHR with cl (not first in cl)
= for sure

6. certain
If you make certain that something is the way you want or expect it to be, you take action to ensure that it is.

- Firstly, they must make certain that their pension needs are adequately catered for.

- To make extra certain, a police helicopter kept watch from the skies.

PHR: V inflects
= make sure

certain 2 referring and indicating amount ****

1. certain
You use certain to indicate that you are referring to one particular thing, person, or group, although you are not saying exactly which it is.

- There will be certain people who'll say `I told you so!'.

- You owe a certain person a sum of money.

- Leaflets have been air dropped telling people to leave certain areas.

ADJ: det ADJ, ADJ n

2. certain
When you refer to certain of a group of people or things, you are referring to some particular members of that group. (FORMAL)

- They'll have to give up completely on certain of their studies.

QUANT: QUANT of def-pl-n
= some

3. certain
You can use a certain before the name of a person in order to indicate that you do not know the person or anything else about them.

- She managed to arrange for them to be hidden in the house of a certain Father Boduen.

ADJ: a ADJ n-proper

4. certain
You use a certain to indicate that something such as a quality or condition exists, and often to suggest that it is not great in amount or degree.

- That was the very reason why he felt a certain bitterness.

- There is a certain impatience among some of the soldiers.

- I received a certain amount of sympathy immediately after the attack.

ADJ: a ADJ sing-n/n-uncount
= some

certain

adjective

1.

sure

assured

confident

convinced

positive

satisfied

2.

known

conclusive

incontrovertible

irrefutable

true

undeniable

unequivocal

3.

inevitable

bound

definite

destined

fated

inescapable

sure

4.

fixed

decided

definite

established

settled

certainly

[D.J.:ˈsə:tnli]

[K.K.:ˈsɚtnli]

adv.

无疑地; 确定地

certainly ****

1. certainly
You use certainly to emphasize what you are saying when you are making a statement.

- The public is certainly getting tired of hearing about it.

- The bombs are almost certainly part of a much bigger conspiracy.

- Today's inflation figure is certainly too high.

- Certainly, pets can help children develop friendship skills.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group emphasis
= undoubtedly

2. certainly
You use certainly when you are agreeing with what someone has said.

- `In any case you remained friends.' --- `Certainly.'.

- `You keep out of their way don't you?' --- `I certainly do.'

ADV as reply

3. certainly
You say certainly not when you want to say `no' in a strong way.

- `Perhaps it would be better if I withdrew altogether.' --- `Certainly not!'

ADV as reply emphasis
= absolutely not

certainly

adverb

definitely

assuredly

indisputably

indubitably

surely

truly

undeniably

undoubtedly

without doubt

certainty

[D.J.:ˈsə:tnti]

[K.K.:ˈsɚtnti]

n.

必然的事, 确定的事

确实, 确信

certainty **

1. certainty
Certainty is the state of being definite or of having no doubts at all about something.

- I have told them with absolute certainty there'll be no change of policy.

- There is too little certainty about the present state of the German economy.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with N, N that

2. certainty
Certainty is the fact that something is certain to happen.

- A general election became a certainty three weeks ago.

- ...the certainty of more violence and bloodshed...

- I began to realize the certainty of freezing to death if I remained where I was.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N
= inevitability

3. certainty certainties
Certainties are things that nobody has any doubts about.

- There are no certainties in modern Europe.

- The collapse of old certainties.

N-COUNT: usu pl

certainty

noun

1.

sureness

assurance

confidence

conviction

faith

positiveness

trust

validity

2.

fact

reality

sure thing informal

truth

certifiable

[D.J.:ˈsə:tifaiəbl]

[K.K.:ˌsɚtəˈfaɪəbəl]

adj.

可保证的,可证明的,可确认的

certifiable

certifiable
If you describe someone as certifiable , you think that their behaviour is extremely unreasonable or foolish. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- By the time we left he must have considered that all film crews were certifiable.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= crazy

certificate

[D.J.:səˈtifikit]

[K.K.:sɚˈtɪfɪkɪt]

n.

证明书, 执照

certificate **

1. certificate certificates
A certificate is an official document stating that particular facts are true.

- ...birth certificates.

- ...share certificates.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. certificate certificates
A certificate is an official document that you receive when you have completed a course of study or training. The qualification that you receive is sometimes also called a certificate .

- To the right of the fireplace are various framed certificates.

- ...the Post-Graduate Certificate of Education.

N-COUNT: with supp

certificate

noun

document

authorization

credential(s)

diploma

licence

testimonial

voucher

warrant

certificated

具有证明文件的;立有证据的;业经证明的

certificated

certificated
A certificated person has been awarded a certificate to prove that they have achieved a certain level or standard. (mainly BRIT)

- He was not a mere surgeon but a genuine certificated physician.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= certified

certification

[D.J.:ˌsɜ:təfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsə..təfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

证明;鉴定;证书

certified

[D.J.:ˈsə:tifaid]

[K.K.:ˈsɚtəˌfaɪd]

adj.

被鉴定的

certify

[D.J.:ˈsə:tifai]

[K.K.:ˈsɚtəˌfaɪ]

vt.

证明, 证实

发证书给…

certify *

1. certify certifies certifying certified
If someone in an official position certifies something, they officially state that it is true.

- ...if the president certified that the project would receive at least $650m from overseas sources...

- The National Election Council is supposed to certify the results of the election.

- It has been certified as genuine.

- Mrs Simpson was certified dead.

VB

2. certification certifications

- An employer can demand written certification that the relative is really ill.

N-VAR

3. certify certifies certifying certified
If someone is certified as a particular kind of worker, they are given a certificate stating that they have successfully completed a course of training in their profession.

- They wanted to get certified as divers.

- ...a certified accountant...

- All three doctors are certified as addictions specialists.

VB: usu passive

4. certification

- Pupils would be offered on-the-job training leading to the certification of their skill in a particular field.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

certify

verb

confirm

assure

attest

authenticate

declare

guarantee

testify

validate

verify

certitude

[D.J.:ˈsə:titju:d]

[K.K.:ˈsɚtɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

确信

certitude

certitude
Certitude is the same as certainty . (FORMAL)

- We have this definite certitude that Cicippio will be freed.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, oft N that

cervical

[D.J.:ˈsə:vikəl]

[K.K.:ˈsɚvɪkəl]

adj.

〈解〉颈(部)的; 子宫颈的

cervical *

1. cervical
Cervical means relating to the cervix. (MEDICAL)

- Doctors aim to cut the number of women dying from cervical cancer by half this decade.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. cervical
Cervical means relating to the neck. (MEDICAL)

- Making a circle so your head leans back could damage the cervical spine.

ADJ: ADJ n

cervices

[D.J.:ˈsə:visi:z]

[K.K.:ˈsɚvɪˌsiz, sɚˈvaɪsiz]

n.

子宫颈(cevix的复数)

cervix

[D.J.:ˈsɜ:vɪks]

[K.K.:ˈsə..vɪks]

n.

<解>子宫颈

cervix *

cervix cervixes or cervices
The cervix is the entrance to the womb. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

cessation

[D.J.:seˈseɪʃən]

[K.K.:sɛˈseʃən]

n.

(暂时)停止,休止,中断

cessation *

cessation
The cessation of something is the stopping of it. (FORMAL)

- He would not agree to a cessation of hostilities.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, usu with supp, oft N of n

cesspit

[D.J.:ˈsespit]

[K.K.:ˈsɛsˌpɪt]

n.

污水坑

cesspit

cesspit cesspits
A cesspit is a hole or tank in the ground into which waste water and sewage flow.
N-COUNT
= cesspool

cesspool

[D.J.:ˈsespu:l]

[K.K.:ˈsɛsˌpul]

n.

污水坑,化粪池,污秽场所

cesspool

cesspool cesspools
A cesspool is the same as a cesspit .
N-COUNT

cetacean

[D.J.:sɪˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:sɪˈteʃən]

n.

鲸目动物

adj.

鲸目动物的

cetacean

cetacean cetaceans
Cetaceans are animals such as whales, dolphins, and porpoises.
N-COUNT: usu pl

cf

Central African Republic 中非共和国

cf.

n.

比较

cf *

cf
Cf. is used in writing to introduce something that should be considered in connection with the subject you are discussing.

- For the more salient remarks on the matter, cf. Isis Unveiled, Vol. I.

= compare

CFC

abbr.

chlorofluorocarbon 氟氯化碳

CFC

abbr.

chlorofluorocarbon 氟氯化碳

CFC *

CFC CFCs
CFCs are gases that are used in things such as aerosols and refrigerators and can cause damage to the ozone layer. CFC is an abbreviation for `chlorofluorocarbon'.
N-COUNT

CFS

abbr.

cubic feet per second 立方英尺/秒

CFS

abbr.

cubic feet per second 立方英尺/秒

CFS

CFS
CFS is an abbreviation for chronic fatigue syndrome .
N-UNCOUNT
= ME

ch

Switzerland 瑞士

ch.

n.

章

ch.

ch.
Ch. is a written abbreviation for chapter .
N-VAR num

cha-cha

[D.J.:ˈtʃɑ:tʃɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɑtʃɑ]

n.

恰恰舞(一种源自拉丁美洲节奏明快的交际舞)

cha-cha

cha-cha cha-chas
A cha-cha is a Latin American dance with small fast steps.
N-COUNT: oft the N

chafe

[D.J.:tʃeɪf]

[K.K.:tʃef]

vt. & vi.

擦痛,擦伤,擦破

惹怒,使急躁

发怒,焦躁

擦热(尤指皮肤)

n.

擦伤

chafing

n.

皮肤发炎

chafe

1. chafe chafes chafing chafed
If your skin chafes or is chafed by something, it becomes sore as a result of something rubbing against it.

- The shorts were chafing my thighs, as was the T-shirt my arms.

- She turned him in the bed so that the sheets wouldn't chafe his skin into sores.

- His wrists began to chafe against the cloth strips binding them.

- The messenger bent and scratched at his knee where the strapping chafed.

V-ERG
= rub

2. chafe chafes chafing chafed
If you chafe at something such as a restriction, you feel annoyed about it. (FORMAL)

- He had chafed at having to take orders from another.

- He was chafing under the company's new ownership.

VB: no passive

chafe

verb

1.

rub

abrade

rasp

scrape

scratch

2.

be annoyed

be impatient

fret

fume

rage

worry

chaff

[D.J.:tʃæf]

[K.K.:tʃæf]

n.

谷壳

切碎的干草或稻草

逗弄,打趣

无价值的东西

sort out/separate the wheat from the chaff

识别优劣；分清好坏；去芜存菁

vt.

打趣,开玩笑

chaff

1. chaff
Chaff is the outer part of grain such as wheat. It is removed before the grain is used as food.
N-UNCOUNT

2. chaff
If you separate the wheat from the chaff or sort the wheat from the chaff , you decide which people or things in a group are good or important and which are not.

- Another problem is sorting the wheat from the chaff as a huge amount of information floods in.

PHR: V inflects

chaff

noun

waste

dregs

husks

refuse

remains

rubbish

trash

chaff

verb

tease

mock

rib informal

ridicule

scoff

taunt

chaffinch

[D.J.:ˈtʃɑ:fintʃ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃæfɪntʃ]

n.

花鸡(一种欧洲鸣禽)

chaffinch

chaffinch chaffinches
A chaffinch is a small European bird. Male chaffinches have reddish-brown fronts and grey heads.
N-COUNT

chagrin

[D.J.:ʃəˈgrɪn]

[K.K.:ʃəˈɡrɪn]

n.

(由失败等引起的)懊恼,懊丧,悔恨

vt.

使懊恼,使懊丧,使悔恨

chagrin

chagrin
Chagrin is a feeling of disappointment, upset, or annoyance, perhaps because of your own failure. (WRITTEN) (FORMAL)

- One of the first things we did when we moved in, to the chagrin of the architect, was to replace the leaded windows.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

chagrined

[D.J.:ˈʃæ grɪnd]

[K.K.:ʃəˈɡrɪnd]

adj.

懊恼的;苦恼的

chagrined

chagrined
If you are chagrined by something, it disappoints, upsets, or annoys you, perhaps because of your own failure. (WRITTEN)

- The chair of the committee did not appear chagrined by the compromises and delays.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

chain

[D.J.:tʃein]

[K.K.:tʃen]

n.

链, 锁链

一系列的事物

连锁店或旅馆

束缚

vt.

用铁链锁住

束缚

chained

[tʃeind]

adj.

装链的,被链锁住的

chaining

[ˈtʃeiniŋ]

n.

链接,链锁

chain ***

1. chain chains
A chain consists of metal rings connected together in a line.

- His open shirt revealed a fat gold chain.

- The dogs were leaping and growling at the full stretch of their chains.

N-COUNT

2. chain chains
If prisoners are in chains , they have thick rings of metal round their wrists or ankles to prevent them from escaping.

- He'd spent four and a half years in windowless cells, much of the time in chains.

N-PLURAL: in N

3. chain chains
You can refer to feelings and duties which prevent you from doing what you want to do as chains . (LITERARY)

- He had to break right now the chains of habit that bound him to the present.

N-PLURAL: oft N of n
= fetters

4. chain chains chaining chained
If a person or thing is chained to something, they are fastened to it with a chain.

- The dog was chained to the leg of the one solid garden seat.

- She chained her bike to the railings.

- Some demonstrators chained themselves to railings inside the court building.

- We were sitting together in our cell, chained to the wall.

VB
= tie

5. chain up chains up; chaining up; chained up
Chain up means the same as chain .

- I'll lock the doors and chain you up.

- They kept me chained up every night and released me each day.

- All the rowing boats were chained up.

PHR-V

6. chain chains
A chain of things is a group of them existing or arranged in a line.

- ...a chain of islands known as the Windward Islands...

- Students tried to form a human chain around the parliament.

N-COUNT: N of n

7. chain chains
A chain of shops, hotels, or other businesses is a number of them owned by the same person or company.

- ...a large supermarket chain.

- ...Italy's leading chain of cinemas.

N-COUNT: with supp

8. chain
A chain of events is a series of them happening one after another.

- ...the bizarre chain of events that led to his departure in January 1938.

N-SING: N of n
= series

chained *

chained
If you say that someone is chained to a person or a situation, you are emphasizing that there are reasons why they cannot leave that person or situation, even though you think they might like to.

- Surely modern women want to be informed of world current affairs; we are no longer chained to the kitchen sink!.

- In the bad old days women used to be chained to unhappy marriages for financial or social reasons.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n emphasis

chain

noun

1.

link

bond

coupling

fetter

manacle

shackle

2.

series

progression

sequence

set

string

succession

train

verb

3.

bind

confine

enslave

fetter

handcuff

manacle

restrain

shackle

tether

chain gang

chain gang chain gangs
In the United States, a chain gang is a group of prisoners who are chained together to do work outside their prison. Chain gangs existed especially in former times.
N-COUNT

chain letter

chain letter chain letters
A chain letter is a letter, often with a promise of money, that is sent to several people who send copies on to several more people. Chain letters are illegal in some countries.
N-COUNT

chain mail

chain mail
Chain mail is a kind of armour made from small metal rings joined together so that they look like cloth.
N-UNCOUNT

chain reaction *

1. chain reaction chain reactions
A chain reaction is a series of chemical changes, each of which causes the next.
N-COUNT

2. chain reaction chain reactions
A chain reaction is a series of events, each of which causes the next.

- Whenever recession strikes, a chain reaction is set into motion.

- The powder immediately ignited and set off a chain reaction of explosions.

N-COUNT

chain saw

chain saw chain saws
A chain saw is a big saw with teeth fixed in a chain that is driven round by a motor.
N-COUNT also chainsaw .

chain-smoke

[D.J.:ˈtʃeɪnˌsməʊk]

[K.K.:ˈtʃenˌsmok]

v.

连续不断地抽香烟

chain-smoke

chain-smoke chain-smokes chain-smoking chain-smoked
Someone who chain-smokes smokes cigarettes or cigars continuously.

- Melissa had chain-smoked all evening while she waited for a phone call from Tom.

VB

chain-smoker

n.

一支接一支抽烟的人

chain-smoker

chain-smoker chain-smokers
A chain-smoker is a person who chain-smokes.
N-COUNT also chain smoker .

chain store

chain store chain stores
A chain store is one of several similar shops that are owned by the same person or company, especially one that sells a variety of things.
N-COUNT also chain-store .

chair

[D.J.:tʃɛə]

[K.K.:tʃɛr]

n.

椅子

大学教授职位

主持会议的主席(的席位或职位)

vt.

主持

把胜利者高高抬起

chair ****

1. chair chairs
A chair is a piece of furniture for one person to sit on, with a back and four legs.

- He rose from his chair and walked to the window.

N-COUNT

2. chair chairs
At a university, a chair is the post of professor.

- He has been appointed to the chair of sociology at Southampton University.

- He gave London University £600,000 to establish a chair in Islamic art.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of/in n
= professorship

3. chair chairs
The person who is the chair of a committee or meeting is the person in charge of it.

- She is the chair of the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Military.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n
= chairperson

4. chair chairs chairing chaired
If you chair a meeting or a committee, you are the person in charge of it.

- He was about to chair a meeting in Venice of EC foreign ministers.

- The declaration was drafted by a committee chaired by Dr Robert Song.

VB

5. chair
The chair is the same as the electric chair . (AM)
N-SING: the N

6. chair
If you are in the chair or take the chair at a meeting, you are the person in charge of it.

- In the chair was Morien Morgan.

- Wheeler took the chair of this sub-committee.

- ...Britain's turn in the EC chair.

PHR: V inflects

chair lift

chair lift chair lifts
A chair lift is a line of chairs that hang from a moving cable and carry people up and down a mountain or ski slope.
N-COUNT also chairlift .

chairman

[D.J.:ˈtʃɛəmən]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛrmən]

n.

(主持会议的)主席

委员长, 董事长

chairman ****

1. chairman chairmen
The chairman of a committee, organization, or company is the head of it.

- Glyn Ford is chairman of the Committee which produced the report.

- I had done business with the company's chairman.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

2. chairman
The chairman of a meeting or debate is the person in charge, who decides when each person is allowed to speak.

- The chairman declared the meeting open.

- I hear you, Mr. Chairman.

N-COUNT; N-VOC: Mr/Madam N

chairman

noun

director

chairperson

chairwoman

master of ceremonies

president

speaker

spokesman

chairmanship

[D.J.:ˈtʃeəmənˌʃɪp]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛrmənˌʃɪp]

n.

主席的地位、身份或任期

chairmanship *

chairmanship chairmanships
The chairmanship of a committee or organization is the fact of being its chairperson. Someone's chairmanship can also mean the period during which they are chairperson.

- The Government has set up a committee under the chairmanship of Professor Roy Goode.

N-VAR: usu with supp

chairperson

[D.J.:ˈtʃeəpə:s(e)n]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛrˌpɚsən]

n.

主席

chairperson

chairperson chairpersons
The chairperson of a meeting, committee, or organization is the person in charge of it.

- She's the chairperson of the safety committee.

N-COUNT

chairwoman

[D.J.:ˈtʃeəˌwʊmən]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛrˌwʊmən]

n.

女主席;女议长

chairwoman

chairwoman chairwomen
The chairwoman of a meeting, committee, or organization is the woman in charge of it.

- Primakov was in Japan meeting with the chairwoman of the Socialist Party there.

N-COUNT

chaise longue

chaise longue chaises longues
A chaise longue is a kind of sofa with only one arm and usually a back along half its length.
N-COUNT The singular and the plural are both pronounced in the same way

chaise lounge

chaise lounge chaise lounges
A chaise lounge is the same as a chaise longue . (AM)
N-COUNT

chalet

[D.J.:ʃæˈleɪ, ˈʃæleɪ]

[K.K.:ʃæˈle, ˈʃæle]

n.

(屋顶陡斜的)木造农舍;小木屋；(尤指瑞士的)山地农舍式房子

chalet *

chalet chalets
A chalet is a small wooden house, especially in a mountain area or a holiday camp.
N-COUNT

chalice

[D.J.:ˈtʃælɪs]

[K.K.:ˈtʃælɪs]

n.

高脚酒杯

圣餐杯

a poisoned chalice

金杯毒酒；看似诱人实则令人讨厌的事物

chalice

1. chalice chalices
A chalice is a large gold or silver cup with a stem. Chalices are used to hold wine in the Christian service of Holy Communion.
N-COUNT

2. chalice
If you refer to a job or an opportunity as a poisoned chalice , you mean that it seems to be very attractive but you believe it will lead to failure.

- He does not regard his new job as a poisoned chalice.

- Some people even claimed that he appointed his political rival only in the belief that he was giving him a poisoned chalice and that he would not last more than a year.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, PHR after v

chalk

[D.J.:tʃɔ:k]

[K.K.:tʃɔk]

n.

制造白色或彩色粉笔的白垩

粉笔

vt.

用粉笔写、画、作记号

chalked

[tʃɔ:kt]

adj.

粉化的,无光的(搪瓷缺陷)

n.

起霜

chalking

[ˈtʃɔ:kiŋ]

n.

油画表面出粉的现象;灰化(上石灰);粉化(镀层和基体之间形成一种疏松粉末的镀层表面缺陷)

chalk *

1. chalk
Chalk is a type of soft white rock. You can use small pieces of it for writing or drawing with.

- ...the highest chalk cliffs in Britain...

- Her skin was chalk white and dry-looking.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. chalk
Chalk is small sticks of chalk, or a substance similar to chalk, used for writing or drawing with.

- ...somebody writing with a piece of chalk.

- ...drawing a small picture with coloured chalks.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

3. chalk chalks chalking chalked
If you chalk something, you draw or write it using a piece of chalk.

- He chalked the message on the blackboard.

- There was a blackboard with seven names chalked on it.

VB

4. chalk
If you say that two people or things are like chalk and cheese , you are emphasizing that they are completely different from each other. (BRIT)

- The two places, he insists, are as different as chalk and cheese.

- We are very aware of our differences, we accept that we are chalk and cheese.

PHR emphasis

5. chalk
You can use by a long chalk to add emphasis to something you are saying. (BRIT)

- The rest of us hadn't finished our drinks, not by a long chalk.

PHR: oft with brd-neg, PHR with cl emphasis

chalk up *

chalk up chalks up; chalking up; chalked up
If you chalk up a success, a victory, or a number of points in a game, you achieve it.

- For almost 11 months, the Bosnian army chalked up one victory after another.

- Andy Wilkinson chalked up his first win of the season.

PHR-V

chalkboard

[D.J.:ˈtʃɔ:kbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɔkˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

黑板

chalkboard

chalkboard chalkboards
A chalkboard is a dark-coloured board that you can write on with chalk. Chalkboards are often used by teachers in the classroom. (mainly AM; in BRIT use blackboard )
N-COUNT

chalky

[ˈtʃɔ:ki]

adj.

白垩的

chalky

1. chalky
Something that is chalky contains chalk or is covered with chalk.

- The chalky soil around Saumur produces the famous Anjou wines.

ADJ-GRADED

2. chalky
Something that is chalky is a pale dull colour or has a powdery texture.

- Her face became a chalky white.

ADJ-GRADED

challenge

[D.J.:ˈtʃælindʒ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃæləndʒ]

n.

挑战, 邀请比赛

怀疑, 质问

艰巨的任务

vt.

挑战

质疑

考验

challenged

[D.J.:ˈtʃælindʒd]

[K.K.:ˈtʃæləndʒd]

adj.

(在某一方面)残疾的

challenging

[D.J.:ˈtʃæləndʒɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃæləndʒɪŋ]

adj.

富有挑战性的;需要充分发挥能力的;困难而有趣的,具有刺激性的

challenge ****

1. challenge challenges
A challenge is something new and difficult which requires great effort and determination.

- I like a big challenge and they don't come much bigger than this.

- The new government's first challenge is the economy.

N-VAR

2. challenge
If someone rises to the challenge , they act in response to a difficult situation which is new to them and are successful.

- The new Germany must rise to the challenge of its enhanced responsibilities.

- They rose to the challenge of entertaining 80 schoolchildren for an afternoon.

PHR: V inflects

3. challenge challenges
A challenge to something is a questioning of its truth or value. A challenge to someone is a questioning of their authority.

- The demonstrators have now made a direct challenge to the authority of the government.

N-VAR: oft N to n

4. challenge challenges challenging challenged
If you challenge ideas or people, you question their truth, value, or authority.

- Democratic leaders have challenged the president to sign the bill.

- The move was immediately challenged by two of the republics.

- I challenged him on the hypocrisy of his political attitudes.

VB

5. challenge challenges challenging challenged
If you challenge someone, you invite them to fight or compete with you in some way.

- Marsyas thought he could play the flute better than Apollo and challenged the god to a contest.

- He left a note at the scene of the crime, challenging detectives to catch him.

- We challenged a team who called themselves `College Athletes'.

VB

6. challenge challenges
Also a noun.

- A third presidential candidate emerged to mount a serious challenge and throw the campaign wide open.

N-COUNT

7. challenge challenges challenging challenged
If someone is challenged by a guard, they are ordered to stop and say who they are or why they are there.

- The men apparently opened fire after they were challenged by a patrol.

VB

challenged **

challenged
If you say that someone is challenged in a particular way, you mean that they have a disability in that area. Challenged is often combined with inappropriate words for humorous effect.

- ...terms like `vertically-challenged' -- meaning short...

- She ran off with an intellectually challenged ski instructor.

ADJ: adv ADJ

challenging **

1. challenging
A challenging task or job requires great effort and determination.

- Mike found a challenging job as a computer programmer.

- I'm ready to do all those things which are more challenging.

ADJ-GRADED
= demanding ≠ unchallenging undemanding

2. challenging
If you do something in a challenging way, you seem to be inviting people to argue with you or compete against you in some way.

- Mona gave him a challenging look.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= defiant

challenge

noun

1.

test

confrontation

provocation

question

trial

ultimatum

verb

2.

test

confront

defy

dispute

object to

question

tackle

throw down the gauntlet

challenger

[D.J.:ˈtʃælindʒə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃæləndʒɚ]

n.

挑战者

challenger **

challenger challengers
A challenger is someone who competes with you for a position or title that you already have, for example being a sports champion or a political leader.

- Draskovic has emerged as the strongest challenger to the leader of the Serbian government.

- The One Australia syndicate is to become the sixth challenger for the 1995 Americas Cup.

N-COUNT: oft N to/for n

chamber

[D.J.:ˈtʃeimbə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃembɚ]

n.

房间

(作特殊用途的)房间

会议厅, 会所

chamber ***

1. chamber chambers
A chamber is a large room, especially one that is used for formal meetings.

- We are going to be in the council chamber every time he speaks.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

2. chamber chambers
You can refer to a country's parliament or to one section of it as a chamber .

- More than 80 parties are contesting seats in the two-chamber parliament.

- Signor Amato's government has only a 16-seat majority in the Chamber of Deputies.

N-COUNT
= house

3. chamber chambers
A chamber is a room designed and equipped for a particular purpose.

- For many, the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.

N-COUNT: with supp
See also gas chamber .

4. chamber chambers
A chamber is a hollow place inside the body of a person or animal, or inside a plant.
N-COUNT

5. chamber chambers
The offices used by judges and barristers are referred to as chambers .
N-PLURAL

chamber

noun

1.

room

apartment

bedroom

compartment

cubicle

enclosure

hall

2.

council

assembly

legislative body

legislature

chamberlain

[D.J.:ˈtʃeimbəlin]

[K.K.:ˈtʃembələn]

n.

(国王的)侍从,(贵族的)管家,收款人

chamberlain

chamberlain chamberlains
A chamberlain is the person who is in charge of the household affairs of a king, queen, or person of high social rank.
N-COUNT

chambermaid

[D.J.:ˈtʃeɪmbəˌmeɪd]

[K.K.:ˈtʃembɚˌmed]

n.

(打扫宾馆客房的)女服务员

chambermaid

chambermaid chambermaids
A chambermaid is a woman who cleans and tidies the bedrooms in a hotel.
N-COUNT

chamber music

chamber music
Chamber music is classical music written for a small number of instruments.
N-UNCOUNT

chamber of commerce *

chamber of commerce chambers of commerce
A chamber of commerce is an organization of businessmen that promotes local commercial interests.
N-COUNT

chamber orchestra

chamber orchestra chamber orchestras
A chamber orchestra is a small orchestra which plays classical music.
N-COUNT

chamber pot

chamber pot chamber pots
A chamber pot is a round container shaped like a very large cup. Chamber pots used to be kept in bedrooms so that people could urinate in them instead of having to leave their room during the night.
N-COUNT

chameleon

[D.J.:kəˈmi:ljən, -ˈmi:li:ən]

[K.K.:kəˈmiljən, -ˈmiliən]

n.

变色蜥蜴,变色龙

chameleon

chameleon chameleons
A chameleon is a kind of lizard whose skin changes colour to match the colour of its surroundings.
N-COUNT

chamois

[D.J.:ˈʃæmwɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈʃæmi]

n.

岩羚羊(产于欧洲和西亚地区的小羚羊),羚羊皮,麂皮,擦拭用的软皮

chamois

1. chamois
Chamois are small animals rather like goats that live in the mountains of Europe and South West Asia.
N-COUNT chamois is both the singular and the plural form

2. chamois
A chamois or a chamois leather is a soft leather cloth used for cleaning and polishing.
N-COUNT chamois is both the singular and the plural form
= chammy

champ

[D.J.:tʃæmp]

[K.K.:tʃæmp]

vi.

(马)大声咀嚼

champ *

champ champs
A champ is the same as a champion . (INFORMAL)

- ...boxing champ Mike Tyson...

- He had been, he said modestly, swimming champ at high school.

N-COUNT: oft n N

champagne

[D.J.:ʃæmˈpein]

[K.K.:ʃæmˈpen]

n.

香槟酒

champagne **

1. champagne champagnes
Champagne is an expensive French white wine with bubbles in. It is often drunk to celebrate something.
N-MASS

2. champagne
If you say that champagne corks are popping , you mean that people are celebrating something.
PHR: V inflects

champers

n.

香槟酒,香槟色

champers

champers
Champers is champagne. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= bubbly

champion

[D.J.:ˈtʃæmpjən]

[K.K.:ˈtʃæmpjən]

n.

冠军

捍卫者, 拥护者

champion ****

1. champion champions
A champion is someone who has won the first prize in a competition, contest, or fight.

- ...a former Olympic champion...

- Kasparov became world champion.

- ...champion boxer Lennox Lewis.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. champion champions
If you are a champion of a person, a cause, or a principle, you support or defend them.

- He received acclaim as a champion of the oppressed.

- He was once known as a champion of social reform.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n
= defender

3. champion champions championing championed
If you champion a person, a cause, or a principle, you support or defend them.

- He passionately championed the poor.

- The amendments had been championed by pro-democracy activists.

VB
= defend

champion

noun

1.

winner

conqueror

hero

title holder

victor

2.

defender

backer

guardian

patron

protector

upholder

verb

3.

support

advocate

back

commend

defend

encourage

espouse

fight for

promote

uphold

championship

[D.J.:ˈtʃæmpi:ənˌʃɪp]

[K.K.:ˈtʃæmpiənˌʃɪp]

n.

锦标赛,冠军赛

冠军的地位(称号、等级、保持称号的时期)

维护;支持

championship ****

1. championship championships
A championship is a competition to find the best player or team in a particular sport.

- ...the world chess championship.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

2. championship
The championship refers to the title or status of being a sports champion.

- He went on to take the championship.

- This season I expect us to retain the championship and win the European Cup.

N-SING: the N

chance

[D.J.:tʃɑ:ns]

[K.K.:tʃæns]

n.

机会; 时机

某事发生的可能性

无任何可见到的或可了解的原因而发生的情况; 碰运气的事; 运气

vi.

偶然发生

冒险

chance *****

1. chance chances
If there is a chance of something happening, it is possible that it will happen.

- Do you think they have a chance of beating Australia?.

- This partnership has a good chance of success.

- The specialist who carried out the brain scan thought Tim's chances of survival were still slim.

- There was really very little chance that Ben would ever have led a normal life.

N-VAR: oft N of -ing/n, N that

2. chance
If you have a chance to do something, you have the opportunity to do it.

- The electoral council announced that all eligible people would get a chance to vote.

- Most refugee doctors never get the chance to practice medicine in British hospitals.

- I felt I had to give him a chance.

N-SING: usu N to-inf, N for n to-inf

3. chance
A chance meeting or event is one that is not planned or expected.

- ...a chance meeting.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. chance
Also a noun.

- ...a victim of chance and circumstance.

N-UNCOUNT

5. chance chances chancing chanced
If you chance to do something or chance on something, you do it or find it although you had not planned or tried to. (FORMAL)

- A man I chanced to meet proved to be a most unusual character.

- It was just then that I chanced to look round.

- ...Christopher Columbus, who chanced upon the Dominican Republic nearly 500 years ago.

VB
= happen to

6. chance chances chancing chanced
If you chance something, you do it even though there is a risk that you may not succeed or that something bad may happen.

- Andy knew the risks. I cannot believe he would have chanced it.

- He decided no assassin would chance a shot from amongst that crowd.

VB
= risk

7. chance
Something that happens by chance was not planned by anyone.

- He had met Mr Maude by chance.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR with cl
= by accident

8. chance
You can use by any chance when you are asking questions in order to find out whether something that you think might be true is actually true.

- Are they by any chance related?

PHR: PHR with cl (not first in cl)
= perhaps

9. chance
If you say that someone stands a chance of achieving something, you mean that they are likely to achieve it. If you say that someone doesn't stand a chance of achieving something, you mean that they cannot possibly achieve it.

- Being very good at science subjects, I stood a good chance of gaining high grades.

- Neither is seen as standing any chance of snatching the leadership from him.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR of -ing

10. chance
When you take a chance , you try to do something although there is a large risk of danger or failure.

- You take a chance on the weather if you holiday in the UK.

- From then on, the Chinese were taking no chances.

- Dennis was not a man to take chances.

PHR: V and N inflect
= take a risk

chance

noun

1.

probability

likelihood

odds

possibility

prospect

2.

opportunity

occasion

opening

time

3.

luck

accident

coincidence

destiny

fate

fortune

providence

4.

risk

gamble

hazard

jeopardy

speculation

uncertainty

verb

5.

risk

endanger

gamble

hazard

jeopardize

stake

try

venture

wager

chancel

[D.J.:ˈtʃɑ:nsəl]

[K.K.:ˈtʃænsəl]

n.

高坛

chancel

chancel chancels
The chancel is the part of a church containing the altar, where the clergy and the choir usually sit.
N-COUNT

chancellery

[D.J.:ˈt ʃɑ:nsələri]

[K.K.:ˈtʃænsələri, -sləri]

n.

大臣

chancellery

1. chancellery chancelleries
A chancellery is the building where a chancellor has his offices.
N-COUNT

2. chancellery
The chancellery is the officials who work in a chancellor's office.

- Mr Stricker is in close touch with the Foreign Ministry and the Chancellery.

N-SING: usu the N

Chancellor ****

1. Chancellor
Chancellor is the title of the head of government in Germany and Austria.

- ...Chancellor Gerhard Schröder of Germany.

- ...as the Chancellor arrived.

N-TITLE; N-COUNT: usu the N

2. Chancellor Chancellors
In Britain, the Chancellor is the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
N-COUNT: usu the N

3. Chancellor Chancellors
The Chancellor of a British university is the official head of the university. The Chancellor does not take part in running the university.
N-COUNT: usu the N

4. Chancellor Chancellors
The head of some American universities is called the Chancellor .
N-COUNT: usu the N

Chancellor of the Exchequer *

Chancellor of the Exchequer Chancellors of the Exchequer
The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the minister in the British government who makes decisions about finance and taxes.
N-COUNT

chancellorship

n.

长官的职位或任期

chancellorship

chancellorship
The chancellorship is the position of chancellor. Someone's chancellorship is the period of time when they are chancellor.

- Austria prospered under Kreisky's chancellorship.

N-SING: usu the N

chancer

chancer chancers
You can refer to someone as a chancer if you think they use opportunities for their own advantage and often pretend to have skills they do not have. (INFORMAL)

- He accused the Health Minister of being `a medically ignorant political chancer who deserves the undying contempt of us all'.

N-COUNT

Chancery

Chancery
In Britain, the Chancery or Chancery Division is the Lord Chancellor's court, which is a division of the High Court of Justice.
N-SING: also in N

chancy

[D.J.:ˈtʃɑ:nsi]

[K.K.:ˈtʃænsi]

adj.

不确实的,不安的

chancy

chancy
Something that is chancy involves a lot of risk or uncertainty. (INFORMAL)

- Producing the grapes suitable for fine wine is always a chancy business.

ADJ-GRADED
= risky

chandelier

[D.J.:ˌʃændəˈlɪə]

[K.K.:ˌʃændəˈlɪr]

n.

枝形吊灯

chandelier *

chandelier chandeliers
A chandelier is a large, decorative frame which holds light bulbs or candles and hangs from the ceiling.
N-COUNT

change

[D.J.:tʃeindʒ]

[K.K.:tʃendʒ]

vt. & vi.

改变, 改换; 变化

换衣服, 换车

vt.

交换, 更换

兑换(货币)

n.

改变, 变化, 变更

低值硬币, 零钱

找回的钱

changing

[ˈtʃeindʒiŋ]

n.

替换,变换,转换,变化

change *****

1. change changes
If there is a change in something, it becomes different.

- The ambassador appealed for a change in US policy.

- What is needed is a change of attitude on the part of architects.

- There are going to have to be some drastic changes.

- In Zaire political change is on its way.

- 1998 was an important year for everyone: a time of change.

N-VAR: usu with supp
See also sea change .

2. change
If you say that something is a change or makes a change , you mean that it is enjoyable because it is different from what you are used to.

- It is a complex system, but it certainly makes a change.

- You're feeling the call of the new and could do with a change.

N-SING approval

3. change changes changing changed
If you change from one thing to another, you stop using or doing the first one and start using or doing the second.

- His physician modified the dosage but did not change to a different medication.

- He changed from voting against to abstaining.

VB

4. change changes changing changed
When something changes or when you change it, it becomes different.

- We are trying to detect and understand how the climates change.

- In the union office, the mood gradually changed from resignation to rage.

- She has now changed into a happy, self-confident woman.

- They should change the law to make it illegal to own replica weapons.

- Trees are changing colour earlier than last year.

- He is a changed man since you left.

- A changing world has put pressures on the corporation.

V-ERG
= alter

5. change changes changing changed
To change something means to replace it with something new or different.

- I paid £80 to have my car radio fixed and I bet all they did was change a fuse.

- If you want to change your doctor there are two ways of doing it.

VB

6. change changes
Also a noun.

- A change of leadership alone will not be enough.

N-COUNT: oft a N of n

7. change changes changing changed
When you change your clothes or change , you take some or all of your clothes off and put on different ones.

- Ben had merely changed his shirt.

- They had allowed her to shower and change.

- I changed into a tracksuit.

- I've got to get changed first. I've got to put my uniform on.

VB

8. change changes
A change of clothes is an extra set of clothes that you take with you when you go to stay somewhere or to take part in an activity.

- He stuffed a bag with a few changes of clothing.

N-COUNT: N of n

9. change changes changing changed
When you change a bed or change the sheets, you take off the dirty sheets and put on clean ones.

- After changing the bed, I would fall asleep quickly.

- I changed the sheets on your bed today.

VB

10. change changes changing changed
When you change a baby or change its nappy or diaper, you take off the dirty one and put on a clean one.

- She criticizes me for the way I feed or change him.

- He needs his nappy changed.

VB

11. change changes changing changed
When you change buses, trains, or planes or change , you get off one bus, train, or plane and get on to another in order to continue your journey.

- At Glasgow I changed trains for Greenock.

- We were turned off the train at Hanover, where we had to change.

VB

12. change changes changing changed
When you change gear or change into another gear, you move the gear lever on a car, bicycle, or other vehicle in order to use a different gear. (BRIT; in AM use shift )

- There were other sounds: a dog barking, a lorry changing gear.

- He looked up into the mirror as he changed through his gears.

VB

13. change
Your change is the money that you receive when you pay for something with more money than it costs because you do not have exactly the right amount of money.

- `There's your change.' --- `Thanks very much.'.

- They told the shopkeeper to keep the change.

N-UNCOUNT

14. change
Change is coins, rather than paper money.

- Thieves ransacked the office, taking a sack of loose change.

- The man in the store won't give him change for the phone unless he buys something.

N-UNCOUNT
See also small change .

15. change
If you make change , you give someone smaller notes, bills, or coins, in exchange for the same value of larger ones. (AM)

- The courier had change for a £10 note.

PHR

16. change changes changing changed
When you change money, you exchange it for the same amount of money in a different currency, or in smaller notes, bills, or coins.

- You can expect to pay the bank a fee of around 1% to 2% every time you change money.

- If you travel frequently, find an agency that will change one foreign currency directly into another.

VB

17. change
If you say that you are doing something or something is happening for a change , you mean that you do not usually do it or it does not usually happen, and you are happy to be doing it or that it is happening.

- Now let me ask you a question, for a change.

- Liz settled back in her seat, comfortably relaxed, enjoying being driven for a change.

PHR: PHR with cl
= for once

change

noun

1.

alteration

difference

innovation

metamorphosis

modification

mutation

revolution

transformation

transition

2.

variety

break informal

departure

diversion

novelty

variation

3.

exchange

conversion

interchange

substitution

swap

trade

verb

4.

alter

convert

modify

mutate

reform

reorganize

restyle

shift

transform

vary

5.

exchange

barter

convert

interchange

replace

substitute

swap

trade

change down *****

change down changes down; changing down; changed down
When you change down , you move the gear lever in the vehicle you are driving in order to use a lower gear. (BRIT; in AM use shift down )

- Changing down, he turned into the drive.

- I braked at the second corner and changed down to third.

PHR-V

change over *****

change over changes over; changing over; changed over
If you change over from one thing to another, you stop doing one thing and start doing the other.

- We are gradually changing over to a completely metric system.

- The two men swapped places, always extinguishing the light when they changed over.

PHR-V
= switch over

See also changeover .

change up *****

change up changes up; changing up; changed up
When you change up , you move the gear lever in the vehicle you are driving in order to use a higher gear. (BRIT; in AM use shift up )

- I accelerated and changed up.

PHR-V

changeability

[ˌtʃeindʒəˈbiliti]

n.

可变性,易变性

changeable

[D.J.:ˈtʃeɪndʒəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈtʃendʒəbəl]

adj.

很可能变化的;常变化的;易变的;可变的

changeably

adv.

changeability

n.

changeableness

n.

changeableness

易变,三心二意

changeably

adv.

易变地,不稳定地,可变地

changeable

changeable
Someone or something that is changeable is likely to change many times.

- The forecast is for changeable weather.

ADJ-GRADED
= unsettled

changeable

adjective

variable

erratic

fickle

inconstant

irregular

mobile

mutable

protean

shifting

unsettled

unstable

volatile

wavering

changeling

[D.J.:ˈtʃeindʒliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃendʒlɪŋ]

n.

矮小丑陋的小孩,低能儿

changeling

changeling changelings
A changeling is a child who was put in the place of another child when they were both babies. In stories changelings were often taken or left by fairies. (LITERARY)

- I have always felt like a changeling born into the wrong family.

N-COUNT

change of life

change of life
The change of life is the menopause .
N-SING: the N

changeover

[D.J.:ˈtʃeindʒˈəuvə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃendʒˌovɚ]

n.

(生产方法、装备等的)完全改变,(方针的)转变

changeover

changeover changeovers
A changeover is a change from one activity or system to another.

- He again called for a faster changeover to a market economy.

- Right now we are in the changeover period between autumn and winter.

N-COUNT

change purse

change purse change purses
A change purse is a very small bag that people, especially women, keep their money in. (AM; in BRIT use purse )
N-COUNT

changing room

changing room changing rooms
A changing room is a room where you can change your clothes and usually have a shower, for example at a sports centre.
N-COUNT

channel

[D.J.:ˈtʃænl]

[K.K.:ˈtʃænəl]

n.

海峡

通道; 水沟, 水渠

渠道, 途径

频道

channelling

开渠

channels

通道,通路

channel ****

1. channel channels
A channel is a television station.

- ...the only serious current affairs programme on either channel.

- ...the proliferating number of television channels in America.

- ...Jon Snow, presenter of Channel 4 News.

N-COUNT: oft in names
= station

2. channel channels
A channel is a band of radio waves on which radio messages can be sent and received.
N-COUNT

3. channel channels
If you do something through a particular channel , or particular channels , that is the system or organization that you use to achieve your aims or to communicate.

- The government will surely use the diplomatic channels available.

- The Americans recognise that the UN can be the channel for greater diplomatic activity.

- Moscow and the Baltic republics are re-opening channels of communication.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft adj N, N for/of n

4. channel channels channelling channelled
If you channel money or resources into something, you arrange for them to be used for that thing, rather than for a wider range of things.

- Jacques Delors wants a system set up to channel funds to the poor countries.

- Revenues from `green taxes' could then be channelled back into energy efficiency.

VB (AM) channeling , channeled

5. channel channels channelling channelled
If you channel your energies or emotions into something, you concentrate on or do that one thing, rather than a range of things.

- Stephen is channelling his energies into a novel called Blue.

VB (AM) channeling , channeled

6. channel channels
A channel is a passage along which water flows.

- Keep the drainage channel clear.

N-COUNT

7. channel channels
A channel is a route used by boats.
N-COUNT

8. channel
The Channel or the English Channel is the narrow area of water between England and France.
N-PROPER: the N

channel

noun

1.

route

approach

artery

avenue

course

means

medium

path

way

2.

passage

canal

conduit

duct

furrow

groove

gutter

route

strait

verb

3.

direct

conduct

convey

guide

transmit

channel-hopping

channel-hopping
Channel-hopping means switching quickly between different television channels because you are looking for something interesting to watch. (BRIT; in AM use channel-surfing )
N-UNCOUNT

channel-surfing

channel-surfing
Channel-surfing is the same as channel-hopping . (mainly AM)
N-UNCOUNT

chant

[D.J.:tʃɑ:nt]

[K.K.:tʃænt]

vt.

吟颂, 咏唱

反复有节奏地喊叫(或唱等)

chant **

1. chant chants
A chant is a word or group of words that is repeated over and over again.

- He was greeted by the chant of `Judas! Judas!'.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. chant chants
A chant is a religious song or prayer that is sung on only a few notes.

- ...a Gregorian chant.

- ...a Buddhist chant.

N-COUNT: usu adj N

3. chant chants chanting chanted
If you chant something or if you chant , you repeat the same words over and over again.

- Demonstrators chanted slogans.

- The crowd chanted `We are with you.'.

- Several thousand people chanted and demonstrated outside the building.

VB

4. chanting

- A lot of the chanting was in support of the deputy Prime Minister.

N-UNCOUNT

5. chant chants chanting chanted
If you chant or if you chant something, you sing a religious song or prayer.

- Muslims chanted and prayed.

- Mr Sharma lit incense and chanted Sanskrit mantras.

VB

6. chanting

- The chanting inside the temple stopped.

N-UNCOUNT

chant

verb

1.

sing

carol

chorus

descant

intone

recite

warble

noun

2.

song

carol

chorus

melody

psalm

Chanukah

[D.J.:ˈkɑ: nuˌkɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈūɑnəkə, ˈhɑ-]

n.

光明节(犹太人一纪念节日)

Chanukah

Chanukah
Chanukah is the same as Hanukkah .
N-UNCOUNT
= Hanukkah

chaos

[D.J.:ˈkeiɔs]

[K.K.:ˈkeˌɑs]

n.

混乱, 紊乱

chaos ***

chaos
Chaos is a state of complete disorder and confusion.

- The world's first transatlantic balloon race ended in chaos last night.

- It is impossible to establish democracy amid economic chaos.

N-UNCOUNT

chaos

noun

disorder

anarchy

bedlam

confusion

disorganization

lawlessness

mayhem

pandemonium

tumult

chaotic

[D.J.:keiˈɔtik]

adj.

混沌的;一片混乱的;一团糟的

chaotic *

1. chaotic
Something that is chaotic is in a state of complete disorder and confusion.

- My own house feels as filthy and chaotic as a bus terminal.

- Mullins began to rummage among the chaotic mess of papers on his desk.

ADJ-GRADED

2. chaotically

- Everything breakable had been broken and scattered chaotically about the room.

ADV: ADV after v, ADV -ed/adj

chaotic

adjective

disordered

anarchic

confused

deranged

disorganized

lawless

riotous

topsy-turvy

tumultuous

uncontrolled

chap

[D.J.:tʃæp]

[K.K.:tʃæp]

n.

小伙子, 小家伙; 家伙

vt. & vi.

(使)疼痛, 变粗糙, 皲裂

chap.

n.

chapter 章

chaps

[D.J.:tʃæps]

[K.K.:tʃæps, ʃæps]

n.

皮套裤;皮护腿套裤

chap **

chap chaps
A chap is a man or boy. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- `I am a very lucky chap,' he commented. `The doctors were surprised that I was not paralysed.'

N-COUNT
= bloke guy

chap.

chap.
Chap. is a written abbreviation for chapter .

- Today the best tests are performed in the hospital (see chap. 17).

N-VAR num

chap

noun Informal

fellow

bloke Brit. informal

character

guy informal

individual

man

person

chapel

[D.J.:ˈtʃæpəl]

[K.K.:ˈtʃæpəl]

n.

小教堂; (医院、监狱等的)附属礼拜堂

(在小教堂和附属礼拜堂举行的)礼拜仪式

chapel **

1. chapel chapels
A chapel is a part of a church which has its own altar and which is used for private prayer.

- ...the chapel of the Virgin Mary.

N-COUNT: oft the N of n

2. chapel chapels
A chapel is a small church attached to a hospital, school, or prison.

- We married in the chapel of Charing Cross Hospital in London.

N-COUNT

3. chapel chapels
A chapel is a building used for worship by members of some Christian churches. Chapel refers to the religious services that take place there.

- ...a Methodist chapel...

- On Sundays, the family went three times to chapel.

N-VAR

chaperone

[D.J.:ˈʃæpərəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈʃæpəˌron]

n.

陪伴监督人；(在社交场所陪伴未婚少女的)年长女伴

chaperone

1. chaperone chaperones
A chaperone is someone who accompanies another person somewhere in order to make sure that they do not come to any harm.
N-COUNT also chaperon .

2. chaperone chaperones chaperoning chaperoned
If you are chaperoned by someone, they act as your chaperone.

- We were chaperoned by a tall red-haired girl.

VB: usu passive also chaperon .

chaperone

noun

1.

escort

companion

verb

2.

escort

accompany

attend

protect

safeguard

shepherd

watch over

chaplain

[D.J.:ˈtʃæplɪn]

[K.K.:ˈtʃæplɪn]

n.

(王宫等的)附属教堂牧师

(军队、医院、监狱等的)牧师;犹太教教士

(在社团等会议上)执行宗教仪式的牧师(或俗人)

chaplain *

chaplain chaplains
A chaplain is a member of the Christian clergy who does religious work in a place such as a hospital, school, prison, or in the armed forces.

- He joined the 40th Division as an army chaplain.

N-COUNT: oft n N

chaplaincy

n.

礼拜堂牧师的职位或任期

chaplaincy

1. chaplaincy chaplaincies
A chaplaincy is the building or office in which a chaplain works.
N-COUNT

2. chaplaincy chaplaincies
A chaplaincy is the position or work of a chaplain.

- ...the chaplaincy of the Royal Hospital.

N-COUNT

chapped

adj.

裂开的,有裂痕的

chapped

chapped
If your skin is chapped , it is dry, cracked, and sore.

- ...chapped hands...

- Her skin felt chapped.

ADJ-GRADED

chappy

[ˈtʃæpi]

n.

家伙

chappy

chappy chappies
A chappy is the same as a chap . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I'm no longer the apparently eternally cheerful chappy he remembers.

- His cheeky chappy image is reinforced by the spiky hair and the wide grin.

N-COUNT

chapter

[D.J.:ˈtʃæptə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃæptɚ]

n.

章, 回, 篇

chapter ****

1. chapter chapters
A chapter is one of the parts that a book is divided into. Each chapter has a number, and sometimes a title.

- Chromium supplements were used successfully in the treatment of diabetes (see Chapter 4).

- I took the title of this chapter from one of my favorite books.

N-COUNT: also N num

2. chapter chapters
A chapter in someone's life or in history is a period of time during which a major event or series of related events takes place. (WRITTEN)

- This had been a particularly difficult chapter in Lebanon's recent history.

- ...one of the most dramatic chapters of recent British politics.

N-COUNT: supp N, oft N in n, adj N

3. chapter chapters
A chapter is a group of Christian clergy who work in or who are connected with a cathedral.

- The Archbishop began his address, thanking the Dean and Chapter of Westminster for inviting him to the Abbey.

N-COUNT-COLL

4. chapter chapters
A chapter is a branch of a society or club.

- To find out more about cancer warning signs call your local chapter of the American Cancer Society.

N-COUNT

5. chapter
If you say that someone gives you chapter and verse on a particular subject, you are emphasizing that they tell you every detail about it.

- In the course of the evening he gave me chapter and verse on the mosses of the Islay peat bogs.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

chapter

noun

section

clause

division

episode

part

period

phase

stage

topic

chapter house

1. chapter house chapter houses
A chapter house is the building or set of rooms in the grounds of a cathedral where the members of the clergy hold their meetings.
N-COUNT

2. chapter house chapter houses
In a university or college, a chapter house is the place where a fraternity or sorority lives or meets. (AM)
N-COUNT

char

[D.J.:tʃɑ:]

[K.K.:tʃɑr]

vt.

把…烧成炭;把…烧焦

vi.

烧成炭;烧焦

<主英>做杂役女佣

n.

烧焦物;炭

杂役女佣

(尤指家庭的)杂务

<鱼>嘉鱼,红点鲑

charred

焦

charring

炭化

char *

1. char chars charring charred
If food chars or if you char it, it burns slightly and turns black as it is cooking.

- Toast hazelnuts on a baking sheet until the skins char.

- Halve the peppers and char the skins under a hot grill.

V-ERG

2. charring

- The chops should be cooked over moderate heat to prevent excessive charring.

N-UNCOUNT

3. char chars charring charred
If a woman chars for someone, she works as their cleaner. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- I'm calling round at the Rodings to ask if Mrs Higgins will char for you.

VB

4. char
Tea that you drink can be referred to as char . (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- Is there any char going?

N-UNCOUNT

charred *

charred
Charred plants, buildings, or vehicles have been badly burnt and have become black because of fire.

- ...the charred remains of a tank.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= burnt

charabanc

[D.J.:ˈʃærəˌbæŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃærəˌbæŋ]

n.

大游览车

charabanc

charabanc charabancs
A charabanc is a large old-fashioned coach with several rows of seats. Charabancs were used especially for taking people on trips or on holiday. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

character

[D.J.:ˈkæriktə]

[K.K.:ˈkærəktɚ]

n.

品质, 特性, 特色

特征, 好的品质

人物, 角色

(书写或印刷)符号, (汉)字

character ****

1. character characters
The character of a person or place consists of all the qualities they have that make them distinct from other people or places.

- Perhaps there is a negative side to his character that you haven't seen yet.

- The character of this country has been formed by immigration.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= nature

2. character
If something has a particular character , it has a particular quality.

- The financial concessions granted to British Aerospace were, he said, of a precarious character.

- The state farms were semi-military in character.

N-SING: usu supp N, also in N
= nature

3. character
You can use the word character to refer to the qualities that people from a particular place are believed to have.

- Individuality is a valued and inherent part of the British character.

N-SING: supp N
= psyche

4. character characters
You use character to say what kind of person someone is. For example, if you say that someone is a strange character , you mean they are strange.

- It's that kind of courage and determination that makes him such a remarkable character.

- What a sad character that Nigel is.

N-COUNT: usu adj N

5. character characters
Your character is your personality, especially how reliable and honest you are. If someone is of good character , they are reliable and honest. If they are of bad character , they are unreliable and dishonest.

- He's begun a series of personal attacks on my character.

- Mr Bartman was a man of good character.

N-VAR: usu supp N

6. character
If you say that someone has character , you mean that they have the ability to deal effectively with difficult, unpleasant, or dangerous situations.

- She showed real character in her attempts to win over the crowd.

- I didn't know Ron had that much strength of character.

N-UNCOUNT approval

7. character
If you say that a place has character , you mean that it has an interesting or unusual quality which makes you notice it and like it.

- A soulless shopping centre stands across from one of one the few buildings with character, the Town Hall.

N-UNCOUNT approval

8. character characters
The characters in a film, book, or play are the people that it is about.

- The film is autobiographical and the central character is played by Collard himself.

- He's made the characters believable.

N-COUNT

9. character characters
If you say that someone is a character , you mean that they are interesting, unusual, or amusing. (INFORMAL)

- He'll be sadly missed. He was a real character.

N-COUNT

10. character characters
A character is a letter, number, or other symbol that is written or printed.
N-COUNT

11. character
If someone's actions are in character , they are doing what you would expect them to do, knowing what kind of person they are. If their actions are out of character , they are not doing what you would expect them to do.

- It was entirely in character for Rachel to put her baby first.

- What else could make him behave so out of character?

PHR: usu v-link PHR

character

noun

1.

nature

attributes

calibre

complexion

disposition

personality

quality

temperament

type

2.

reputation

honour

integrity

rectitude

strength

uprightness

3.

role

part

persona

portrayal

4.

eccentric

card informal

oddball informal

original

5.

symbol

device

figure

hieroglyph

letter

mark

rune

sign

character actor

character actor character actors
A character actor is an actor who specializes in playing unusual or eccentric people.
N-COUNT

character assassination

character assassination character assassinations
A character assassination is a deliberate attempt to destroy someone's reputation, especially by criticizing them in an unfair and dishonest way when they are not present.

- A full-scale character assassination of the dead woman got underway in the tabloid press.

N-VAR

characterful

[D.J.:ˈkærəktəful]

[K.K.:ˈkærəktəfəl]

adj.

表现性格的,有特殊风格的

characterful

characterful
If you describe something as characterful , you mean that it is pleasant and interesting. (JOURNALISM)

- One of the most characterful places to eat early evening is Mon Plaisir.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ characterless

characteristic

[D.J.:ˌkæriktəˈristik]

[K.K.:ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk]

adj.

特有的, 典型的

characteristically

[D.J.:ˌkærɪktəˈrɪstɪklɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkærɪktəˈrɪstɪklɪ]

adv.

典型地;有代表性地

characteristics

规格参数表

characteristic ***

1. characteristic characteristics
The characteristics of a person or thing are the qualities or features that belong to them and make them recognizable.

- Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing.

- ...their physical characteristics.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp
= features traits

2. characteristic
A quality or feature that is characteristic of someone or something is one which is often seen in them and seems typical of them.

- ...the absence of strife between the generations that was so characteristic of such societies...

- Windmills are a characteristic feature of the Mallorcan landscape.

- Nehru responded with characteristic generosity.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of n
= typical ≠ uncharacteristic

3. characteristically

- He replied in characteristically robust style.

- MacMillan's music characteristically makes a dramatic impact.

- Characteristically, he worked hard at the assignment.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj, also ADV with v, ADV with cl

characteristic

noun

1.

feature

attribute

faculty

idiosyncrasy

mark

peculiarity

property

quality

quirk

trait

adjective

2.

typical

distinctive

distinguishing

idiosyncratic

individual

peculiar

representative

singular

special

symbolic

symptomatic

characterization

[D.J.:ˌkærəktərɪˈzeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkærəktərɪˈzeʃən]

n.

(对书或戏剧中人物的) 刻画,描绘,塑造

<正>描述方法;界定方法

characterize

[D.J.:ˈkæriktəraiz]

[K.K.:ˈkærəktəˌraɪz]

vt.

是…的特征, 以…为特征

描述(人或物)的特性, 描绘

characterization *

characterization characterizations
Characterization is the way an author or an actor describes or shows what a character is like.

- As a writer I am interested in characterization.

- ...Chaucer's characterization of Criseyde.

N-VAR (BRIT) also characterisation
See also characterize .

characterize **

1. characterize characterizes characterizing characterized
If something is characterized by a particular feature or quality, that feature or quality is an obvious part of it. (FORMAL)

- This election campaign has been characterized by violence.

- A bold use of colour characterizes the bedroom.

VB (BRIT) also characterise
= typify

2. characterize characterizes characterizing characterized
If you characterize someone or something as a particular thing, you describe them as that thing. (FORMAL)

- Both companies have characterized the relationship as friendly.

- This play is characterized as a comedy.

VB (BRIT) also characterise
= describe

3. characterization characterizations

- I don't fully agree with that characterization of the welfare system.

N-VAR: usu N of n

characterize

verb

identify

brand

distinguish

indicate

mark

represent

stamp

typify

characterless

[ˈkærəktəlis]

adj.

缺乏特征的,平凡的,不出众的

characterless

characterless
If you describe something as characterless , you mean that it is dull and uninteresting.

- They felt the back garden was boring and characterless.

- We have too many pasteurised, bland and characterless cheeses in this country.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ characterful

charade

[D.J.:ʃəˈreɪd]

[K.K.:ʃəˈred]

n.

伪装

猜字游戏

charade *

1. charade charades
If you describe someone's actions as a charade , you mean that their actions are so obviously false that they do not convince anyone.

- I wondered why he had gone through the elaborate charade.

- The UN at the moment is still trying to maintain the charade of neutrality.

N-COUNT: usu sing disapproval

2. charade
Charades is a game for teams of players in which one team acts a word or phrase, syllable by syllable, until other players guess the whole word or phrase.

- She and her three brothers played charades.

N-UNCOUNT

charade

noun

pretence

fake

farce

pantomime

parody

travesty

charcoal

[D.J.:ˈtʃɑ:kəul]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɑrˌkol]

n.

炭, 木炭

charcoal *

charcoal
Charcoal is a black substance obtained by burning wood without much air. It can be burned as a fuel, and small sticks of it are used for drawing with.
N-UNCOUNT

chard

[D.J.:tʃɑ:d]

[K.K.:tʃɑrd]

n.

可供食用的甜菜

chard

chard
Chard is a plant with a round root, large leaves, and a thick stalk.
N-UNCOUNT

charge

[D.J.:tʃɑ:dʒ]

[K.K.:tʃɑrdʒ]

vt.

命令, 委托

控告

使充电

vt. & vi.

进攻

收费, 要价

n.

指责, 指控, 控告

猛攻

费用

掌管, 照管

指示, 命令

电荷

charged

[D.J.:tʃɑ:dʒd]

[K.K.:tʃɑrdʒd]

adj.

充满感情的

charging

[ˈtʃɑ:dʒiŋ]

n.

装料,炉料

charge *****

1. charge charges charging charged
If you charge someone an amount of money, you ask them to pay that amount for something that you have sold to them or done for them.

- Even local nurseries charge £100 a week.

- The majority of stalls charged a fair price.

- The hospitals charge the patients for every aspirin.

- Some banks charge if you access your account to determine your balance.

- ...the architect who charged us a fee of seven hundred and fifty pounds.

VB

2. charge charges charging charged
To charge something to a person or organization means to tell the people providing it to send the bill to that person or organization. To charge something to someone's account means to add it to their account so they can pay for it later.

- Go out and buy a pair of glasses, and charge it to us.

- All transactions have been charged to your account.

VB
= bill

3. charge charges
A charge is an amount of money that you have to pay for a service.

- We can arrange this for a small charge.

- Customers who arrange overdrafts will face a monthly charge of £5.

N-COUNT

4. charge charges
A charge is a formal accusation that someone has committed a crime.

- He may still face criminal charges.

- They appeared at court yesterday to deny charges of murder.

N-COUNT
= indictment

5. charge charges charging charged
When the police charge someone, they formally accuse them of having done something illegal.

- They have the evidence to charge him.

- Police have charged Mr Bell with murder.

VB

6. charge charges charging charged
If you charge someone with doing something wrong or unpleasant, you publicly say that they have done it. (WRITTEN)

- He charged the minister with lying about the economy.

VB
= accuse

7. charge
If you take charge of someone or something, you make yourself responsible for them and take control over them. If someone or something is in your charge , you are responsible for them.

- A few years ago Bacryl took charge of the company.

- I have been given charge of this class.

- They would never forget their time in his charge.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

8. charge
If you are in charge in a particular situation, you are the most senior person and have control over something or someone.

- Who's in charge here?

- ...the Swiss governess in charge of the smaller children.

PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR of n

9. charge charges
If you describe someone as your charge , they have been given to you to be looked after and you are responsible for them.

- The coach tried to get his charges motivated.

N-COUNT: usu pl, poss N

10. charge charges charging charged
If you charge towards someone or something, you move quickly and aggressively towards them.

- He charged through the door to my mother's office.

- He ordered us to charge.

- ...a charging bull.

VB

11. charge charges
Also a noun.

- ...a bayonet charge.

N-COUNT

12. charge charges charging charged
To charge a battery means to pass an electrical current through it in order to make it more powerful or to make it last longer.

- Alex had forgotten to charge the battery.

VB

13. charge up charges up; charging up; charged up
Charge up means the same as charge .

- There was nothing in the brochure about having to drive it every day to charge up the battery.

PHR-V

14. charge charges
An electrical charge is an amount of electricity that is held in or carried by something. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT: usu sing

15. charge charges
The charge in a cartridge or shell is the explosive inside it. You can also refer to the cartridge or shell itself as a charge .
N-COUNT

16. charge
If something is free of charge , it does not cost anything.

- The leaflet is available free of charge from post offices.

PHR
= free

charged *

1. charged
If a situation is charged , it is filled with emotion and therefore very tense or exciting.

- There was a highly charged atmosphere.

- A wedding is an emotionally charged situation.

ADJ-GRADED: usu adv ADJ

2. charged
Charged particles carry an electrical charge.

- ...negatively charged ions.

ADJ: oft adv ADJ

charge

verb

1.

accuse

arraign

blame

impeach

incriminate

indict

2.

rush

assail

assault

attack

stampede

storm

3.

fill

load

4.

command

bid

commit

demand

entrust

instruct

order

require

noun

5.

price

amount

cost

expenditure

expense

outlay

payment

rate

toll

6.

accusation

allegation

imputation

indictment

7.

rush

assault

attack

onset

onslaught

sortie

stampede

8.

care

custody

duty

office

responsibility

safekeeping

trust

9.

ward

10.

instruction

command

demand

direction

injunction

mandate

order

precept

chargeable

[D.J.:ˈtʃɑ:dʒəbl]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɑrdʒəbəl]

adj.

可以控诉的,可记在某项账目上的,可充电的

chargeable

1. chargeable
If something is chargeable , you have to pay a sum of money for it. (FORMAL)

- The day of discharge is not chargeable if rooms are vacated by 12.00 noon.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

2. chargeable
If something is chargeable , you have to pay tax on it. (FORMAL)

- ...the taxpayer's chargeable gain.

ADJ

charge card

1. charge card charge cards
A charge card is a plastic card that you use to buy goods on credit from a particular store or group of stores. Compare credit card . (BRIT)
N-COUNT also chargecard .

2. charge card charge cards
A charge card is the same as a credit card . (AM)
N-COUNT also chargecard .

charg´e d'affaires

1. charg´e d'affaires charg´es d'affaires
A charg´e d'affaires is a person appointed to act as head of a diplomatic mission in a foreign country while the ambassador is away.
N-COUNT

2. charg´e d'affaires charg´es d'affaires
A charg´e d'affaires is the head of a minor diplomatic mission in a foreign country.
N-COUNT

charge nurse

charge nurse charge nurses
A charge nurse is a nurse who is in charge of a hospital ward. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

charger

[D.J.:ˈtʃɑ:dʒə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɑrdʒɚ]

n.

充电器

(旧时的)战马

charger *

1. charger chargers
A charger is a device used for charging or recharging batteries.
N-COUNT

2. charger chargers
A charger was a strong horse that a knight in the Middle Ages used to ride in battle.
N-COUNT

char-grilled

char-grilled
Char-grilled meat or fish has been cooked so that it burns slightly and turns black. (BRIT; in AM usually use charbroiled )
ADJ: usu ADJ n also chargrilled .

chariot

[D.J.:ˈtʃæri:ət]

[K.K.:ˈtʃæriət]

n.

敞篷双轮马车(古代用于战争或竞赛)，战车

chariot *

chariot chariots
In ancient times, chariots were fast-moving vehicles with two wheels that were pulled by horses.
N-COUNT

charioteer

[D.J.:ˌtʃæriəˈtiə]

[K.K.:ˌtʃæriəˈtɪr]

n.

战车的御者

charioteer

charioteer charioteers
In ancient times, a charioteer was a chariot driver.
N-COUNT

charisma

[D.J.:kəˈrɪzmə]

[K.K.:kəˈrɪzmə]

n.

魅力, 魔力

<宗>神授的力量或才能

charisma *

charisma
You say that someone has charisma when they can attract, influence, and inspire people by their personal qualities.

- He has neither the policies nor the personal charisma to inspire people.

N-UNCOUNT
= magnetism

charisma

noun Formal

charm

allure

attraction

lure

magnetism

personality

charismatic

[D.J.:ˌkærɪzˈmætɪk]

[K.K.:ˌkærɪzˈmætɪk]

adj.

有魅力的;有感召力的

(基督徒中的一派)认为有神赐超凡能力的

charismatic *

1. charismatic
A charismatic person attracts, influences, and inspires people by their personal qualities.

- With her striking looks and charismatic personality, she was noticed far and wide.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= magnetic

2. charismatic
The charismatic church is the part of the Christian Church that believes that people can obtain special gifts from God, for example the power to heal sick people.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

charismatic

adjective

charming

alluring

attractive

enticing

influential

magnetic

charitable

[D.J.:ˈtʃærɪtəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈtʃærɪtəbəl]

adj.

行善的,慷慨施舍的

慈善的,仁爱的

宽厚的

charitably

adv.

charitably

adv.

慷慨地,慈善地

charitable **

1. charitable
A charitable organization or activity helps and supports people who are ill, disabled, or very poor.

- ...charitable work for the handicapped.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. charitable
Someone who is charitable to people is kind or understanding towards them.

- They were rather less than charitable towards the referee.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

3. charitably

- Still, he reflected charitably, it was hardly her fault.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

charitable

adjective

1.

tolerant

considerate

favourable

forgiving

humane

indulgent

kindly

lenient

magnanimous

sympathetic

understanding

2.

generous

beneficent

benevolent

bountiful

kind

lavish

liberal

philanthropic

charity

[D.J.:ˈtʃæriti]

[K.K.:ˈtʃærɪti]

n.

慈爱, 仁慈; 救济金

慈善团体

宽厚, 宽容, 宽大

charity ***

1. charity charities
A charity is an organization which raises money in order to help people who are ill, disabled, or very poor.

- The National Trust is a registered charity.

- ...an Aids charity.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

2. charity
If you give money to charity , you give it to one or more charitable organizations. If you do something for charity , you do it in order to raise money for one or more charitable organizations.

- He made substantial donations to charity.

- Gooch will be raising money for charity.

- ...a charity event.

N-UNCOUNT

3. charity
People who live on charity live on money or goods which other people give them because they are poor.

- She was very proud was my mum. She wouldn't accept charity.

- Her husband is unemployed and the family depends on charity.

N-UNCOUNT

4. charity
Charity is kindness and understanding towards other people. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

5. charity
If you say charity begins at home , you mean that people should deal with the needs of people close to them before they think about helping others.
PHR: V inflects

charity

noun

1.

donations

assistance

benefaction

contributions

endowment

fund

gift

hand-out

help

largesse or largess

philanthropy

relief

2.

kindness

altruism

benevolence

compassion

fellow feeling

generosity

goodwill

humanity

indulgence

charity shop

charity shop charity shops
A charity shop is a shop that sells used goods cheaply and gives its profits to a charity. (BRIT; in AM use thrift shop )
N-COUNT

charlatan

[D.J.:ˈʃɑ:lətən]

[K.K.:ˈʃɑrlətən]

n.

冒充内行者,骗子

charlatanism

n.

charlatanism

n.

庸医术,庸医的行为

charlatan

charlatan charlatans
You describe someone as a charlatan when they pretend to have skills or knowledge that they do not really possess. (FORMAL)

- He was exposed as a charlatan.

N-COUNT disapproval
= impostor

charlatan

noun

fraud

cheat

con man informal

fake

impostor

phoney or phony informal

pretender

quack

sham

swindler

Charleston

[D.J.:ˈtʃɑ:lstən]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɑrlstən]

n.

查尔斯顿(美国西弗吉尼亚州首府)

Charleston

Charleston
The Charleston is a lively dance that was popular in the 1920s.
N-SING: usu the N

charm

[D.J.:tʃɑ:m]

[K.K.:tʃɑrm]

n.

魅力, 吸引力

魔力, 魔法, 咒语

vt.

使高兴, 使着迷; 吸引

使中魔法, (犹如用魔法)控制

charmed

[D.J.:tʃɑ:md]

[K.K.:tʃɑrmd]

adj.

喜悦的,着迷的

charming

[D.J.:ˈtʃɑ:miŋ]

adj.

媚人的;可爱的

令人陶醉的,引人入胜的

charmingly

[D.J.:ˈtʃ ɑ:mɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃ ɑrmɪ ŋlɪ]

adv.

迷人地

愉悦地

charm **

1. charm charms
Charm is the quality of being pleasant or attractive.

- `Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs', the 1937 Disney classic, has lost none of its original charm.

- The house had its charms, not the least of which was the furniture that came with it.

N-VAR

2. charm
Someone who has charm behaves in a friendly, pleasant way that makes people like them.

- He was a man of great charm and distinction.

N-UNCOUNT

3. charm charms charming charmed
If you charm someone, you please them, especially by using your charm.

- He even charmed Mrs Prichard, carrying her shopping and flirting with her, though she's 83.

- The Indians, in turn, were charmed by the famous author's cultured and civilised outlook.

- You can't force -- or even charm -- him into behaving differently if he doesn't want to.

VB

4. charm charms charming charmed
If you charm your way into or out of a place or situation, you use your charm to get into or out of that place or situation.

- ...charming his way into the British Embassy in Teheran...

- He charmed his way out of trouble.

VB

5. charm charms charming charmed
If you say that someone charmed something out of you or from you, you mean that they used their charm to persuade you to give it to them.

- He is good at charming money out of companies.

VB disapproval

6. charm charms
A charm is a small ornament that is fixed to a bracelet or necklace.
N-COUNT

7. charm charms
A charm is an act, saying, or object that is believed to have magic powers.

- They cross their fingers and spit over their shoulders as charms against the evil eye.

- ...a good luck charm.

N-COUNT

8. charm
If someone turns on the charm , they behave in a way that seems very friendly but which you think is insincere, often in order to obtain something or deceive someone.

- He figured out that you're lonely, like most widows, and he turned on the charm.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

9. charm
If you say that something worked like a charm , you mean that it was very effective or successful.

- Economically, the policy worked like a charm.

PHR: V inflects

charmed *

1. charmed
A charmed place, time, or situation is one that is very beautiful or pleasant, and seems slightly separate from the real world or real life. (WRITTEN)

- ...the charmed atmosphere of Oxford in the late Twenties.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. charmed
If you say that someone leads or has a charmed life , you mean that they always seem to be lucky, as if they are protected or helped by magic. (mainly BRIT)
PHR: V and N inflect

charming **

1. charming
If you say that something is charming , you mean that it is very pleasant or attractive.

- ...a charming little fishing village.

- ...the charming custom of wearing a rose on that day.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ charmless

2. charmingly

- There's something charmingly old-fashioned about his brand of entertainment.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV after v
= delightfully

3. charming
If you describe someone as charming , you mean they behave in a friendly, pleasant way that makes people like them.

- ...a charming young man...

- He found her as smart and beautiful as she is charming.

- He can be charming to his friends.

ADJ-GRADED

4. charmingly

- Calder smiled charmingly and put out his hand. `A pleasure, Mrs Talbot.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

5. charming
You can say ` Charming! ' to indicate your disapproval when someone has just been rude to you or told you about someone's bad behaviour.

- `I'm glad I'm not going with you, that's for sure.' --- `Oh, charming!'.

- `They wanted to stop my dole money for those days.' --- `Charming!'

CONVENTION feelings

charm

noun

1.

attraction

allure

appeal

fascination

magnetism

2.

spell

enchantment

magic

sorcery

3.

talisman

amulet

fetish

trinket

verb

4.

attract

allure

beguile

bewitch

captivate

delight

enchant

enrapture

entrance

fascinate

mesmerize

win over

charming

adjective

attractive

appealing

captivating

cute

delightful

fetching

likable or likeable

pleasing

seductive

winsome

charmed circle

charmed circle
If you refer to a group of people as a charmed circle , you mean that they seem to have special power or influence, and do not allow anyone else to join their group. (LITERARY)

- ...the immense role played by this very small charmed circle of critics.

N-SING

charmer

[D.J.:ˈtʃɑ:mə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɑrmɚ]

n.

对异性有吸引力的人

charmer

charmer charmers
If you refer to someone, especially a man, as a charmer , you think that they behave in a very charming but rather insincere way.

- ...an immaculately groomed charmer.

N-COUNT disapproval
See also snake charmer .

charmless

[ˈtʃɑ:mlis]

adj.

无魅力的，无吸引力的，不美的

charmless

charmless
If you say that something or someone is charmless , you mean that they are unattractive or uninteresting. (WRITTEN)

- ...flat, charmless countryside.

- ...a charmless bully.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ charming

charm offensive

charm offensive
If you say that someone has launched a charm offensive , you disapprove of the fact that they are being very friendly to their opponents or people who are causing problems for them. (JOURNALISM)

- He launched what was called a charm offensive against MPs who might not support the Government.

N-SING disapproval

charnel house

charnel house charnel houses
A charnel house is a place where the bodies and bones of dead people are stored.
N-COUNT

chart

[D.J.:tʃɑ:t]

[K.K.:tʃɑrt]

n.

图表

航海图

唱片的每周流行榜

vt.

绘制地图, 在图上标出

跟踪; 记述

charting

制图;图表研究;图示行为法

chart ***

1. chart charts
A chart is a diagram, picture, or graph which is intended to make information easier to understand.

- Male unemployment was 14.2%, compared with 5.8% for women (see chart on next page).

- The chart below shows our top 10 choices.

N-COUNT
= diagram

See also bar chart , flow chart , pie chart .

2. chart charts
A chart is a map of the sea or stars.

- ...charts of Greek waters.

N-COUNT

3. chart charts charting charted
If you chart an area of land, sea, or sky, or a feature in that area, you make a map of the area or show the feature in it.

- Portuguese explorers had charted the west coast of Africa as far as Sierra Leone.

- Ptolemy charted more than 1000 stars in 48 constellations.

- These seas have been well charted.

VB
= map

4. chart charts
The charts are the official lists that show which pop records have sold the most copies each week.

- This album confirmed The Orb's status as national stars, going straight to Number One in the charts.

- They topped both the US singles and album charts at the same time.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= hit parade

5. chart charts charting charted
If you chart the development or progress of something, you observe it and record or show it. You can also say that a report or graph charts the development or progress of something.

- One GP has charted a dramatic rise in local childhood asthma since the M25 was built nearby.

- This magnificent show charts his meteoric rise from `small town' country singer to top international Rock idol.

- Bulletin boards charted each executive's progress.

VB
= monitor

6. chart charts charting charted
If a person or plan charts a course of action, they describe what should be done in order to achieve something or to make progress in the future. (FORMAL)

- We've charted a possible way forward.

- NATO had charted a new course for stability and cooperation in Europe.

- Your future is already neatly planned and charted.

VB
= outline

chart

noun

1.

table

blueprint

diagram

graph

map

plan

verb

2.

plot

delineate

draft

map out

outline

shape

sketch

charter

[D.J.:ˈtʃɑ:tə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɑrtɚ]

n.

许可证

纲领, 宪章, 宣言

包租

vt.

发给…许可证

包租

chartered

[D.J.:ˈtʃɑ:təd]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɑrtəd]

adj.

(根据持有皇家特许状的专业协会的规章)合格的；特许的

chartering

[ˈtʃɑ:təriŋ]

n.

租用

charter ***

1. charter charters
A charter is a formal document describing the rights, aims, or principles of an organization or group of people.

- ...Article 50 of the United Nations Charter.

- ...the EC's Social Charter of workers' rights.

N-COUNT: with supp

2. charter
A charter plane or boat is one which is hired for use by a particular person or group and which is not part of a regular service.

- ...the last charter plane carrying out foreign nationals.

- ...frequent charter flights to Spain, the most popular package-holiday destination.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. charter charters chartering chartered
If a person or organization charters a plane, boat, or other vehicle, they hire it for their own use.

- He chartered a jet to fly her home from California to Switzerland.

- Yesterday, a cargo ship chartered by the UN arrived in the capital carrying 1,550 tons of rice.

VB

4. charter
If you describe a decision or policy as a charter for someone or something you disapprove of, you mean that it is likely to help or encourage them.

- They described the Home Office scheme as a `charter for cheats'.

- They condemned the white paper as a charter for centralisation and selective education.

PHR

chartered **

chartered
Chartered is used to indicate that someone, such as an accountant or a surveyor, has formally qualified in their profession. (BRIT; in AM usually use certified )
ADJ: ADJ n

charter

noun

1.

document

contract

deed

licence

permit

prerogative

verb

2.

hire

commission

employ

lease

rent

3.

authorize

sanction

charter member

charter member charter members
A charter member of a club, group, or organization is one of the first members, often one who was involved in setting it up. (AM; in BRIT use founder member )
N-COUNT: usu N of n

charwoman

[D.J.:ˈtʃɑ:wumən]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɑrˌwʊmən]

n.

(按日雇用的)女佣

charwoman

charwoman charwomen
A charwoman is a woman who is employed to clean houses or offices. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT
= cleaner

chary

[D.J.:ˈtʃeəri:]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛri]

adj.

小心的;谨慎的

节省的,舍不得的

chary

chary
If you are chary of doing something, you are fairly cautious about doing it.

- I am rather chary of making too many idiotic mistakes.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ of/about -ing/n

chase

[D.J.:tʃeis]

[K.K.:tʃes]

vt.

追捕, 追逐

试图赢得

n.

追捕, 追猎

打猎

chasing

[ˈtʃeisiŋ]

n.

雕镂术,雕刻工作

chase ***

1. chase chases chasing chased
If you chase someone, or chase after them, you run after them or follow them quickly in order to catch or reach them.

- She chased the thief for 100 yards.

- He said nothing to waiting journalists, who chased after him as he left.

VB
= pursue

2. chase chases
Also a noun.

- He was reluctant to give up the chase.

- Police said he was arrested without a struggle after a car chase through the streets of Biarritz.

N-COUNT
= pursuit

3. chase chases chasing chased
If you are chasing something you want, such as work or money, you are trying hard to get it.

- In Wales, 14 people are chasing every job.

- There are too many schools chasing too few pupils.

- ...publishers and booksellers chasing after profits from high-volume sales.

VB

4. chase
Also a noun.

- They took an invincible lead in the chase for the championship.

N-SING: N for n

5. chase chases chasing chased
If someone chases someone that they are attracted to, or chases after them, they try hard to persuade them to have a sexual relationship with them.

- Women also have another reason for not chasing men too hard, of course.

- `I was always chasing after men who just couldn't handle intimacy,' she says.

VB

6. chase
Also a noun.

- The chase is always much more exciting than the conquest anyway.

N-SING: the N

7. chase chases chasing chased
If someone chases you from a place, they force you to leave by using threats or violence.

- Many farmers will then chase you off their land quite aggressively.

- Angry demonstrators chased him away.

VB

8. chase chases chasing chased
To chase someone from a job or a position or from power means to force them to leave it.

- His single-minded pursuit of European union helped chase Mrs Thatcher from power.

VB

9. chase chases chasing chased
If you chase somewhere, you run or rush there.

- They chased down the stairs into the narrow, dirty street.

- ...chasing about late at night in search of life's necessities.

VB
= run rush dash

10. chase
The chase is the activity of hunting animals. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...bear robes, mountain lion hides, and other trophies of the chase.

N-SING: the N

11. chase
Chase is often used in the name of horse races in which the horses have to jump over obstacles such as fences or bushes. (BRIT)

- ...the Champion Hunter Chase.

N-IN-NAMES
= steeplechase

12. chase
If you give chase , you run after someone or follow them quickly in order to catch them.

- Other officers gave chase but the killers escaped.

PHR: V inflects

13. chase
If you talk about the thrill of the chase , you are referring to the excitement that people feel when they are trying hard to get something.

- People who adore the thrill of the chase know that prizes, like diamonds, are worth striving for.

PHR

chase

verb

1.

pursue

course

follow

hunt

run after

track

2.

drive away

drive

expel

hound

put to flight

noun

3.

pursuit

hunt

hunting

race

chase away ***

chase away chases away; chasing away; chased away
If someone or something chases away worries, fears, or other bad feelings, they cause those feelings to change and become happier. (WRITTEN)

- Ellery's return will help to chase away some of the gloom.

- The rise in industrial production helped chase away lingering fears that the economy is slipping into a new recession.

PHR-V
= get rid of

chase down ***

1. chase down chases down; chasing down; chased down
If you chase someone down , you run after them or follow them quickly and catch them. (mainly AM)

- Ness chased the thief down and held him until police arrived.

- For thousands of years chasing down game was the main activity in which humans were involved.

PHR-V

2. chase down chases down; chasing down; chased down
If you chase someone or something down , you manage to find them after searching for them.

- That's when I chased her down to be the singer in my band.

- Bank officials argued that it is not their job to chase down every asset of every bank debtor.

PHR-V
= track down

chase up ***

1. chase up chases up; chasing up; chased up
If you chase up something that is needed or needs dealing with, you find it or find out what is being done about it.

- When I didn't hear from the suppliers or receive a refund, I chased the matter up.

- The authority can chase up the source of the pollution and demand that the owner clean it up.

PHR-V

2. chase up chases up; chasing up; chased up
If you chase someone up , you look for them and find them because you want them to do something or give you something.

- ...the story of a man who comes to Hollywood to chase up a client who has defaulted on a debt.

PHR-V

chaser

[D.J.:ˈtʃeisə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃesɚ]

n.

解酒水

chaser *

chaser chasers
A chaser is an alcoholic drink that you have after you have drunk a stronger or weaker alcoholic drink.

- ...whiskey with beer chasers.

N-COUNT: oft n N

chasm

[D.J.:ˈkæzəm]

[K.K.:ˈkæzəm]

n.

裂缝, 裂口

分歧, 差别

chasm *

1. chasm chasms
A chasm is a very deep crack in rock, earth, or ice.
N-COUNT

2. chasm chasms
If you say that there is a chasm between two things or between two groups of people, you mean that there is a very large difference between them.

- ...the chasm that divides the worlds of university and industry.

- ...the chasm between rich and poor in America.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N between pl-n
= gulf gap

chasm

noun

gulf

abyss

crater

crevasse

fissure

gap

gorge

ravine

chassis

[D.J.:ˈʃæsi:, ˈtʃæsi:]

[K.K.:ˈʃæsi, ˈtʃæsi]

n.

(车辆的)底盘;(飞机的)机架;(无线电的)机壳,底架

chassis *

chassis
A chassis is the framework that a vehicle is built on.
N-COUNT chassis can also be used as the plural form

chaste

[D.J.:tʃeɪst]

[K.K.:tʃest]

adj.

没有经过性交的;童贞的

(性生活)忠于配偶的

纯真的;有道德的

(风格)简单的;不修饰的

chaste

1. chaste
If you describe a person or their behaviour as chaste , you mean that they do not have sex with anyone, or they only have sex with their husband or wife. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He remained chaste.

- Abramov did not live a chaste life.

ADJ-GRADED

2. chaste
Something that is chaste is very simple in style, without very much decoration.

- ...chaste clothes.

ADJ: ADJ n

chaste

adjective

pure

immaculate

innocent

modest

simple

unaffected

undefiled

virtuous

chasten

[D.J.:ˈtʃeɪsən]

[K.K.:ˈtʃesən]

vt.

惩罚(某人)(使之改正或改进);惩戒

遏制(某人);制止

净化

chastened

精练的;经磨练的;变乖了的

chastening

adj.

矫正性的,惩戒性的,精练的

chasten

1. chasten chastens chastening chastened
If you are chastened by something, it makes you regret that you have behaved badly or stupidly. (FORMAL)

- He has clearly not been chastened by his thirteen days in detention.

- A chastened Agassi flew home for a period of deep contemplation.

VB: usu passive

2. chastened

- The President now seems a more chastened and less confident politician than when he set out a week ago.

ADJ-GRADED

chastening

chastening
A chastening experience makes you regret that you have behaved badly or stupidly.

- From this chastening experience he learnt some useful lessons.

ADJ-GRADED

chasten

verb

subdue

chastise

correct

discipline

humble

humiliate

put in one's place

tame

chastise

[D.J.:tʃæsˈtaɪz, ˈtʃæsˌtaɪz]

[K.K.:tʃæsˈtaɪz, ˈtʃæsˌtaɪz]

vt.

严惩(某人)(尤指责打)

chastise

chastise chastises chastising chastised
If you chastise someone, you speak to them angrily or punish them for something wrong that they have done. (FORMAL)

- Thomas Rane chastised Peters for his cruelty.

- The Securities Commission chastised the firm but imposed no fine.

- I just don't want you to chastise yourself.

VB
= reprimand

chastise

verb

1.

scold

berate

castigate

censure

correct

discipline

upbraid

2.

beat

flog

lash

lick informal

punish

scourge

whip

chastisement

n.

惩罚

chastisement

chastisement
Chastisement is the same as punishment. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-UNCOUNT: also a N

chastity

[D.J.:ˈtʃæstɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈtʃæstɪti]

n.

纯洁,贞洁,纯朴

chastity

chastity
Chastity is the state of not having sex with anyone, or of only having sex with your husband or wife. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He took a vow of chastity and celibacy.

N-UNCOUNT

chastity

noun Old-fashioned

purity

celibacy

continence

innocence

maidenhood

modesty

virginity

virtue

chat

[D.J.:tʃæt]

[K.K.:tʃæt]

vi.

聊天, 闲谈

n.

闲谈, 聊天

chat ***

1. chat chats chatting chatted
When people chat , they talk to each other in an informal and friendly way.

- The women were chatting.

- I was chatting to him the other day.

- He's chatting with his dad.

- We chatted about old times.

V-RECIP
= natter

2. chat chats
Also a noun.

- I had a chat with John.

N-COUNT
= natter

chat

noun

1.

talk

chatter

chinwag Brit. informal

conversation

gossip

heart-to-heart

natter

tête-à-tête

verb

2.

talk

chatter

gossip

jaw slang

natter

chat up ***

chat up chats up; chatting up; chatted up
If you chat someone up , usually someone you do not know very well, you talk to them in a friendly way because you are sexually attracted to them. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He'd spent most of that evening chatting up one of my friends.

- She was chatting one of the guys up.

PHR-V

château *

château châteaux
A château is a large country house or castle in France.
N-COUNT also chateau .

chatelaine

[D.J.:ˈʃætəlein]

[K.K.:ˈʃætlˌen]

n.

腰带,乡间别墅的女主人,女主人

chatelaine

chatelaine chatelaines
A chatelaine is the female owner, or the wife of the owner, of a castle or large country house.
N-COUNT

chatline

n.

青少年热线电话交谈服务

chatline

chatline chatlines
People phone in to chatlines to have conversations with other people who have also phoned in. (BRIT)

- She started using chat lines basically for someone to talk to.

N-COUNT also chat line .

chat room

chat room chat rooms
A chat room is a site on the Internet where people can exchange messages about a particular subject. (COMPUTING)
N-COUNT

chat show *

chat show chat shows
A chat show is a television or radio show in which people talk in a friendly, informal way about different topics. (BRIT; in AM use talk show )
N-COUNT
= talk show

chattel

[D.J.:ˈtʃætl]

[K.K.:ˈtʃætl]

n.

动产,奴隶

chattel

chattel chattels
Chattels are things that belong to you. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- They were slaves, to be bought and sold as chattels.

N-VAR

chatter

[D.J.:ˈtʃætə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃætɚ]

vi.

(人)喋喋不休; 唠叨

(牙齿)打战; (机器)震颤

n.

喋喋不休, 唠叨

(牙齿、机器等)快速碰撞声; 震颤声

chattering

震颤;跳跃现象;间歇电震

chatter *

1. chatter chatters chattering chattered
If you chatter , you talk quickly and continuously, usually about things which are not important.

- Everyone's chattering away in different languages.

- Erica was friendly and chattered about Andrew's children.

- He listened to chattering maids as they passed by.

VB

2. chatter
Also a noun.

- ...idle chatter...

- Lila kept up a steady stream of chatter.

N-UNCOUNT

3. chatter chatters chattering chattered
If your teeth chatter , they keep knocking together because you are very cold or very nervous.

- She was so cold her teeth chattered.

VB

4. chatter chatters chattering chattered
If objects chatter , they make short repeated sounds.

- The telex chattered all day and night with news bulletins.

VB
= rattle

5. chatter
Also a noun.

- ...the mountains where the chatter of the chairlift cable over the pulley wheel is the loudest noise.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n

6. chatter chatters chattering chattered
When birds or animals chatter , they make high-pitched noises. (LITERARY)

- Birds were chattering somewhere, and occasionally he could hear a vehicle pass by.

VB

7. chatter
Also a noun.

- ...almond trees vibrating with the chatter of crickets.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n

chatter

noun

1.

prattle

babble

blather

chat

gab informal

gossip

natter

verb

2.

prattle

babble

blather

chat

gab informal

gossip

natter

rabbit (on) Brit. informal

schmooze slang

chatterbox

[D.J.:ˈtʃætəˌbɔks]

[K.K.:ˈtʃætɚˌbɑks]

n.

<非正>喋喋不休的人,话匣子

chatterbox

chatterbox chatterboxes
A chatterbox is someone who talks a lot. (INFORMAL)

- I was a chatterbox at school.

N-COUNT
= chatterer

chatterer

[ˈtʃætərə]

n.

饶舌的人

chatterer

chatterer chatterers
A chatterer is the same as a chatterbox .
N-COUNT

chattering classes

chattering classes
The chattering classes are people such as journalists, broadcasters, or public figures who comment on events but have little or no influence over them. (BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- Radical feminism is currently the fashionable topic among the chattering classes.

N-PLURAL: usu the N disapproval

chatty

[D.J.:ˈtʃæti:]

[K.K.:ˈtʃæti]

adj.

爱闲聊的;爱说话的

(文章风格)聊天式的,闲谈式的

chatty

1. chatty
Someone who is chatty talks a lot in a friendly, informal way.

- She's quite a chatty person.

ADJ-GRADED
= talkative

2. chatty
A chatty style of writing or talking is friendly and informal.

- He wrote a chatty letter to his wife.

ADJ-GRADED

chat-up line

chat-up line chat-up lines
A chat-up line is a remark that someone makes in order to start a conversation with someone they do not know but find sexually attractive. (BRIT; in AM use line )
N-COUNT

chauffeur

[D.J.:ˈʃəufə]

[K.K.:ˈʃofɚ, ʃoˈfɚ]

n.

受雇于人的汽车司机

chauffeur *

1. chauffeur chauffeurs
The chauffeur of a rich or important person is the man or woman who is employed to look after their car and drive them around in it.
N-COUNT

2. chauffeur chauffeurs chauffeuring chauffeured
If you chauffeur someone somewhere, you drive them there in a car, usually as part of your job.

- It was certainly useful to have her there to chauffeur him around.

- Caroline had a chauffeured car waiting to take her to London.

VB

chauvinism

[D.J.:ˈʃəʊvəˌnɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈʃovəˌnɪzəm]

n.

沙文主义

great-power chauvinism

大国沙文主义

chauvinist

[D.J.:ˈʃəʊvɪnɪst]

n.

沙文主义者

chauvinistic

adj.

chauvinistically

adv.

chauvinistic

[ˌʃəuviˈnistik]

adj.

盲目的爱国心的,沙文主义的

chauvinism *

1. chauvinism
Chauvinism is a strong, unreasonable belief that your own country is more important and morally better than other people's.

- ...it may also appeal to the latent chauvinism of many ordinary people.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
See also male chauvinism .

2. chauvinist chauvinists

- Antwerpers are so convinced that their city is best that other Belgians think them chauvinists.

N-COUNT

chauvinistic

1. chauvinistic
If you describe someone as chauvinistic , you believe that they think their own country is more important and morally better than any other.

- ...national narrow-mindedness and chauvinistic arrogance.

- ...the highly chauvinistic coverage of the war.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

2. chauvinistic
If you describe a man or his behaviour as chauvinistic , you disapprove of him for believing that men are naturally better and more important than women.

- My ex-boyfriend Anthony was very chauvinistic.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

cheap

[D.J.:tʃi:p]

[K.K.:tʃip]

adj.

廉价的, 便宜的

劣质的, 低劣的

低俗的, 卑鄙的

cheaply

[D.J.:ˈtʃi:plɪ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃiplɪ]

adv.

便宜地;不值钱地

cheapness

n.

廉价

cheap ****

1. cheap cheaper cheapest
Goods or services that are cheap cost less money than usual or than you expected.

- I'm going to live off campus if I can find somewhere cheap enough.

- Smoke detectors are cheap and easy to put up.

- Running costs are coming down because of cheaper fuel.

- They served breakfast all day and sold it cheap.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, ADJ n, v n ADJ
≠ expensive dear

2. cheaply

- It will produce electricity more cheaply than a nuclear plant.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. cheapness

- The cheapness and simplicity of the design makes it ideal for our task.

N-UNCOUNT

4. cheap
If you describe goods as cheap , you mean they cost less money than similar products but their quality is poor.

- Don't resort to cheap copies; save up for the real thing.

- ...a tight suit made of some cheap material.

ADJ: ADJ n
= shoddy

5. cheap
If you describe the cost of someone's work as cheap , you disapprove of the way people are taking advantage of a situation to pay someone less than they should for the work that they do.

- ...unscrupulous employers who treat children as a cheap source of labour.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

6. cheap
If you describe someone's remarks or actions as cheap , you mean that they are unkindly or insincerely using a situation to benefit themselves or to harm someone else.

- These tests will inevitably be used by politicians to make cheap political points.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

7. cheap
If you describe someone as cheap , you are criticizing them for being unwilling to spend money. (AM)

- Oh, please, Dad, just this once don't be cheap.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ disapproval
= mean ≠ generous

8. cheap
You use life is cheap or life has become cheap to refer to a situation in which nobody cares that large numbers of people are dying.

- We will end up living in a society where life is cheap.

PHR: V inflects

9. cheap
If someone does or buys something on the cheap , they spend less money than they should because they are more concerned with what it costs than with its quality. (INFORMAL)

- Most modern housing estates are terrible and inevitably done on the cheap.

PHR: PHR after v disapproval

cheap

adjective

1.

inexpensive

bargain

cut-price

economical

keen

low-cost

low-priced

reasonable

reduced

2.

inferior

common

poor

second-rate

shoddy

tatty

tawdry

two a penny

worthless

3.

despicable

contemptible

mean

cheapen

[D.J.:ˈtʃi:pən]

[K.K.:ˈtʃipən]

vt.

减价

降低(自己[某事物])的身价; 贬低

cheapen

cheapen cheapens cheapening cheapened
If something cheapens a person or thing, it lowers their reputation or position.

- When America boycotted the Moscow Olympics it cheapened the medals won.

- Love is a word cheapened by overuse.

VB

cheapen

verb Informal

degrade

belittle

debase

demean

denigrate

depreciate

devalue

discredit

disparage

lower

cheapo

[D.J.:ˈtʃi:pəu]

[K.K.:ˈtʃipo]

adj.

便宜的,不值钱的

cheapo

cheapo
Cheapo things are very inexpensive and probably of poor quality. (INFORMAL)

- Cheese also features in my favourite cheapo meal.

- ...cheapo deals on wobbly airlines.

ADJ: ADJ n

cheap shot

cheap shot cheap shots
A cheap shot is a comment someone makes which you think is unfair or unkind.

- He always throws out the tacky comment and the cheap shot. He has no class.

N-COUNT disapproval

cheapskate

[D.J.:ˈtʃi:pskeit]

[K.K.:ˈtʃipˌsket]

n.

〈美俚〉守财奴,吝啬鬼

cheapskate

cheapskate cheapskates
If you say that someone is a cheapskate , you think that they are mean and do not like spending money.

- Tell your husband not to be a cheapskate.

- ...cheapskate employers.

N-COUNT disapproval
= skinflint

cheat

[D.J.:tʃi:t]

[K.K.:tʃit]

vt.

欺骗, 哄骗

vi.

欺诈, 作弊

n.

欺骗(行为)

骗子

cheating

[ˈtʃi:tiŋ]

adj.

欺骗的

cheat **

1. cheat cheats cheating cheated
When someone cheats , they do not obey a set of rules which they should be obeying, for example in a game or exam.

- Students may be tempted to cheat in order to get into top schools.

VB

2. cheating

- In an election in 1988, he was accused of cheating by his opponent.

N-UNCOUNT

3. cheat cheats
Someone who is a cheat does not obey a set of rules which they should be obeying.

- Cheats will be disqualified.

N-COUNT

4. cheat cheats cheating cheated
If someone cheats you out of something, they get it from you by behaving dishonestly.

- The company engaged in a deliberate effort to cheat them out of their pensions.

- Many brokers were charged with cheating customers in commodity trades.

VB

5. cheat
If you say that someone cheats death , you mean they only just avoid being killed. (JOURNALISM)

- He cheated death when he was rescued from the roof of his blazing cottage.

PHR: V inflects

6. cheat
If you feel cheated , you feel that you have been let down or treated unfairly.

- The storyline is fatally compromised by an ending that leaves you feeling horribly cheated.

PHR: V inflects

cheat

verb

1.

deceive

beguile

con informal

defraud

double-cross informal

dupe

fleece

fool

mislead

rip off slang

swindle

trick

noun

2.

deceiver

charlatan

con man informal

double-crosser informal

shark

sharper

swindler

trickster

3.

deception

deceit

fraud

rip-off slang

scam slang

swindle

trickery

cheat on **

1. cheat on cheats on; cheating on; cheated on
If someone cheats on their husband, wife, or partner, they have a sexual relationship with another person. (INFORMAL)

- I'd found Philippe was cheating on me and I was angry and hurt.

PHR-V
= be unfaithful to

2. cheat on cheats on; cheating on; cheated on
If someone cheats on something such as an agreement or their taxes, they do not do what they should do under a set of rules. (mainly AM)

- Their job is to check that none of the signatory countries is cheating on the agreement.

PHR-V

cheater

[ˈtʃi:tə]

n.

骗子,欺诈者,背叛者

cheaters

n.

眼镜

cheater

cheater cheaters
A cheater is someone who cheats. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

check

[D.J.:tʃek]

[K.K.:tʃɛk]

vt. & vi.

检查, 核对

vt.

阻碍, 制止; 抑制

n.

检查, 核对

制止, 抑制

〈美〉支票, 账单

checked

[D.J.:tʃekt]

[K.K.:tʃɛkt]

adj.

方格图案的

checking

[D.J.:ˈtʃekiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛkɪŋ]

n.

校核,校[检]验,检查,核算,验算

checks

斧颊;发裂

check ****

1. check checks checking checked
If you check something such as a piece of information or a document, you make sure that it is correct or satisfactory.

- Check the accuracy of everything in your CV.

- It's worth checking each item for obvious flaws.

- I think there is an age limit, but I'd have to check.

- She hadn't checked whether she had a clean ironed shirt.

- He checked that he had his room key.

- I shall need to check with the duty officer.

VB
See also cross-check .

2. check checks
Also a noun.

- He is being constantly monitored with regular checks on his blood pressure.

- ...a security check.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. check checks checking checked
If you check on someone or something, you make sure they are in a safe or satisfactory condition.

- Stephen checked on her several times during the night.

- He decided to check on things at the warehouse.

VB

4. check checks checking checked
If you check something that is written on a piece of paper, you put a mark, like a V with the right side extended, next to it to show that something is correct or has been selected or dealt with. (AM; in BRIT usually use tick )

- Frequently, men who check answer (b) have not actually had the experience of being repeatedly rejected by women.

VB

5. check checks checking checked
To check something, usually something bad, means to stop it from spreading or continuing.

- Sex education is also expected to help check the spread of AIDS.

- ...free press that will check corruption by ensuring total transparency in government.

VB
= curb

6. check checks checking checked
If you check yourself or if something checks you, you suddenly stop what you are doing or saying.

- He was about to lose his temper but checked himself in time.

- I held up one finger to check him.

VB

7. check checks checking checked
When you check your luggage at an airport, you give it to an official so that it can be taken on to your plane.

- We arrived at the airport, checked our baggage and wandered around the gift shops.

- You can check your baggage right through to its final destination.

VB

8. check in checks in; checking in; checked in
To check in your luggage means the same as to check it.

- They checked in their luggage and found seats in the departure lounge.

PHR-V

9. check checks
The check in a restaurant is a piece of paper on which the price of your meal is written and which you are given before you pay. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT
= bill

10. check
In a game of chess, you say check when you are attacking your opponent's king.
CONVENTION

11. check checks
A pattern of squares, usually of two colours, can be referred to as checks or a check .

- Styles include stripes and checks.

- ...a red and white check dress.

N-COUNT: oft N n

12. check
If something or someone is held in check or is kept in check , they are controlled and prevented from becoming too great or powerful.

- Life on Earth will become unsustainable unless population growth is held in check.

- He's found someone with a bit of fight to keep him in check.

PHR: V inflects

check in ****

1. check in checks in; checking in; checked in
When you check in or check into a hotel or clinic, or if someone checks you in , you arrive and go through the necessary procedures before you stay there.

- I'll ring the hotel. I'll tell them we'll check in tomorrow.

- He has checked into an alcohol treatment centre.

- Check us in at the hotel and wait for my call.

PHR-V-ERG
= register ≠ check out

2. check in checks in; checking in; checked in
When you check in at an airport, you arrive and show your ticket before going on a flight.

- He had checked in at Amsterdam's Schiphol airport for a flight to Manchester.

PHR-V
See also check-in , check 6.

checked **

checked
Something that is checked has a pattern of small squares, usually of two colours.

- He was wearing blue jeans and checked shirt.

ADJ
= check

check

verb

1.

examine

inquire into

inspect

investigate

look at

make sure

monitor

research

scrutinize

study

test

vet

2.

stop

delay

halt

hinder

impede

inhibit

limit

obstruct

restrain

retard

noun

3.

examination

inspection

investigation

once-over informal

research

scrutiny

test

4.

stoppage

constraint

control

curb

damper

hindrance

impediment

limitation

obstacle

obstruction

restraint

check off ****

check off checks off; checking off; checked off
When you check things off , you check or count them while referring to a list of them, to make sure you have considered all of them.

- Once you've checked off the items you ordered, put this record in your file.

- I haven't checked them off but I would say that's about the number.

PHR-V
= tick off

check out ****

1. check out checks out; checking out; checked out
When you check out of a hotel or clinic where you have been staying, or if someone checks you out , you pay the bill and leave.

- They packed and checked out of the hotel.

- I was disappointed to miss Bryan, who had just checked out.

- I'd like to check him out of here the day after tomorrow.

PHR-V-ERG
≠ check in

2. check out checks out; checking out; checked out
If you check out something or someone, you find out information about them to make sure that everything is correct or satisfactory.

- Maybe we ought to go down to the library and check it out.

- We ought to check him out on the computer.

- The police had to check out the call.

PHR-V
= investigate

3. check out checks out; checking out; checked out
If something checks out , it is correct or satisfactory.

- She was in San Diego the weekend Jensen got killed. It checked out.

- Everything checks out.

PHR-V

check up ****

1. check up checks up; checking up; checked up
If you check up on something, you find out information about it.

- It is certainly worth checking up on your benefit entitlements.

- The Government employs tax inspectors to check up and make sure people pay all their tax.

PHR-V
See also check-up .

2. check up checks up; checking up; checked up
If you check up on someone, you obtain information about them, usually secretly.

- I'm sure he knew I was checking up on him.

PHR-V

checker

[D.J.:ˈtʃekə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛkɚ]

n.

方格图案

vt.

使(某物)呈现方格图案或不同颜色或不同深浅的方格

checkers

[D.J.:ˈtʃekəz]

n.

西洋跳棋

checker

1. checker
Checkers is a game for two people, played with 24 round pieces on a board. (AM; in BRIT use draughts )
N-UNCOUNT

2. checker checkers
A checker is a person or machine that has the job of checking something.

- Modern word processors usually have spelling checkers and even grammar checkers.

N-COUNT

checkerboard

[D.J.:ˈtʃekəbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛkɚˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

西洋跳棋盘

checkerboard

1. checkerboard checkerboards
A checkerboard is a square board with 64 black and white squares that is used for playing checkers or chess. (AM; in BRIT use draughts board or chessboard )
N-COUNT (BRIT) also chequerboard

2. checkerboard
A checkerboard pattern is made up of equal-sized squares of two different colours, usually black and white.
ADJ: ADJ n (BRIT) also chequerboard

check-in

n.

报到处,(旅馆、机场等)登记处

check-in *

check-in check-ins
At an airport, a check-in counter or desk is the place where you check in.
N-COUNT

checking account

checking account checking accounts
A checking account is a personal bank account which you can take money out of at any time using your cheque book or cash card. (AM; in BRIT usually use current account )
N-COUNT

checklist

[D.J.:ˈtʃekˌlɪst]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛkˌlɪst]

选购图书单,散篇目录,清单;选举人名单

checklist *

checklist checklists
A checklist is a list of all the things that you need to do, information that you want to find out, or things that you need to take somewhere, which you make in order to ensure that you do not forget anything.

- Make a checklist of the tools and materials you will need for each part of the job.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n
= list

check mark

check mark check marks
A check mark is a written mark like a V with the right side extended. It is used to show that something is correct or has been selected or dealt with. (AM; in BRIT use tick )
N-COUNT

checkmate

[D.J.:ˈtʃekˌmeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛkˌmet]

n.

(国际象棋)将死;输棋

败局;败北;彻底战败

checkmate

checkmate
In chess, checkmate is a situation in which you cannot stop your king being captured and so you lose the game.
N-UNCOUNT
= mate

checkout

[D.J.:ˈtʃekaut]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛkˌaʊt]

n.

检验,校验

checkout *

checkout checkouts
In a supermarket, a checkout is a counter where you pay for things you are buying.

- ...queuing at the checkout in Sainsbury's.

N-COUNT also check-out .

checkpoint

[D.J.:ˈtʃekpɔint]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛkˌpɔɪnt]

n.

检查站,车站的行李房

checkpoint *

checkpoint checkpoints
A checkpoint is a place where traffic is stopped so that it can be checked.
N-COUNT

check-up

[D.J.:ˈtʃekʌp]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛkˌʌp]

n.

体检

check-up *

check-up check-ups
A check-up is a medical examination by your doctor or dentist to make sure that there is nothing wrong with your health.

- The disease was detected during a routine check-up.

- ...a regular check-up at the dentist.

N-COUNT (AM) usually and (BRIT) sometimes checkup

cheddar

[D.J.:ˈtʃedə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛdɚ]

n.

(英国产的)切达干酪

cheddar *

cheddar cheddars
Cheddar is a type of hard yellow cheese, originally made in Britain.
N-MASS

cheek

[D.J.:tʃi:k]

[K.K.:tʃik]

n.

脸颊, 脸蛋

无礼而放肆的行为

cheeks

(=gena)颊

cheek **

1. cheek cheeks
Your cheeks are the sides of your face below your eyes.

- Tears were running down her cheeks.

- She kissed him lightly on both cheeks.

N-COUNT

2. -cheeked

- ...rosy-cheeked children.

- ...a fat, chubby-cheeked fellow.

COMB in ADJ

3. cheek
You say that someone has a cheek when you are annoyed or shocked at something unreasonable that they have done. (INFORMAL)

- I'm amazed they had the cheek to ask in the first place.

- I still think it's a bit of a cheek sending a voucher rather than a refund.

- The cheek of it, lying to me like that!

N-SING: also no det, oft the N to-inf

4. cheek
If you turn the other cheek when someone harms or insults you, you do not harm or insult them them in return.
PHR: V inflects

cheek

noun Informal

impudence

audacity

chutzpah U.S. & Canad. informal

disrespect

effrontery

impertinence

insolence

lip slang

nerve

temerity

cheekbone

[D.J.:ˈtʃi:kˌbəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈtʃikˌbon]

n.

面颊骨,颧骨

cheekbone *

cheekbone cheekbones
Your cheekbones are the two bones in your face just below your eyes.

- She was very beautiful, with high cheekbones.

N-COUNT: usu pl

cheekily

adv.

厚脸皮地

cheeky

[D.J.:ˈtʃi:ki:]

[K.K.:ˈtʃiki]

adj.

无礼的;不要脸的;厚颜无耻的

cheeky *

1. cheeky cheekier cheekiest
If you describe a person or their behaviour as cheeky , you think that they are slightly rude or disrespectful but in a charming or amusing way. (mainly BRIT)

- The boy was cheeky and casual.

- Martin gave her a cheeky grin.

ADJ-GRADED
= saucy

2. cheekily

- He strolled cheekily past the commissionaires for a free wash in the gentlemen's cloakroom.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV with cl

cheeky

adjective

impudent

audacious

disrespectful

forward

impertinent

insolent

insulting

pert

saucy

cheer

[D.J.:tʃiə]

[K.K.:tʃɪr]

vt. & vi.

为…欢呼, 喝彩

鼓励, 鼓舞

n.

欢呼, 喝彩

快活, 欢欣

cheering

[D.J.:ˈtʃɪərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪrɪŋ]

n.

喝彩;欢呼

cheers

[D.J.:tʃiəz]

[K.K.:tʃɪz]

int.

举杯敬酒的用语

cheer ***

1. cheer cheers cheering cheered
When people cheer , they shout loudly to show their approval or to encourage someone who is doing something such as taking part in a game.

- The crowd cheered as Premier Wayne Goss unveiled a lifesize statue of poet Banjo Paterson.

- Swiss fans cheered Jakob Hlasek during yesterday's match with Courier.

- ...the Irish Americans who came to the park to cheer for their boys...

- Cheering crowds lined the route.

VB
≠ boo jeer

2. cheer cheers
Also a noun.

- The colonel was rewarded with a resounding cheer from the men.

N-COUNT

3. cheer cheers cheering cheered
If you are cheered by something, it makes you happier or less worried.

- Stephen noticed that the people around him looked cheered by his presence.

- The weather was perfect for a picnic, he told himself, but the thought did nothing to cheer him.

VB
= hearten ≠ sadden

4. cheering

- ...very cheering news...

- It is cheering to see that customers are to benefit from a rebate on their electricity bills.

ADJ-GRADED
= heartening ≠ saddening

5. cheer
Cheer is a feeling of cheerfulness.

- They were impressed by his steadfast good cheer.

- A timely bingo win brought some cheer to Juliet Little's family yesterday.

N-UNCOUNT

6. cheer
People sometimes say ` Cheers ' to each other just before they drink an alcoholic drink. (mainly BRIT)
CONVENTION formulae

7. cheer
Some people say ` Cheers ' as a way of saying `thank you' or `goodbye'. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
CONVENTION formulae

cheer

verb

1.

applaud

acclaim

clap

hail

2.

cheer up

brighten

buoy up

comfort

encourage

gladden

hearten

uplift

noun

3.

applause

acclamation

ovation

plaudits

cheer on ***

cheer on cheers on; cheering on; cheered on
When you cheer someone on , you shout loudly in order to encourage them, for example when they are taking part in a game.

- A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to cheer them on.

- Most will probably be cheering on their favourite players.

PHR-V

cheer up ***

cheer up cheers up; cheering up; cheered up
When you cheer up or when something cheers you up , you stop feeling depressed and become more cheerful.

- I think he misses her terribly. You might cheer him up.

- I wrote that song just to cheer myself up.

- Cheer up, better times may be ahead.

PHR-V-ERG

cheer up

verb

1.

comfort

encourage

enliven

gladden

hearten

jolly along informal

2.

take heart

buck up informal

perk up

rally

cheerful

[D.J.:ˈtʃiəful]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪrfəl]

adj.

欢乐的, 高兴的

使人感到愉快的

cheerfully

[D.J.:ˈtʃɪəfəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪrfəlɪ]

adv.

欢乐地,愉快地

爽朗地;乐意地

cheerfulness

n.

高兴,快活

cheerful **

1. cheerful
Someone who is cheerful is happy and shows this in their behaviour.

- They are both very cheerful in spite of their colds.

- Jack sounded quite cheerful about the idea.

ADJ-GRADED
= cheery

2. cheerfully

- `We've come with good news,' Pat said cheerfully.

- She greeted him cheerfully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. cheerfulness

- I remember this extraordinary man with particular affection for his unfailing cheerfulness.

N-UNCOUNT: oft adj N

4. cheerful
Something that is cheerful is pleasant and makes you feel happy.

- The nursery is bright and cheerful, with plenty of toys.

ADJ-GRADED

5. cheerful
If you describe someone's attitude as cheerful , you mean they are not worried about something, and you think that they should be.

- There is little evidence to support many of Mr Will's cheerful assumptions.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= optimistic

6. cheerfully

- ...cheerfully ignoring medical advice which could have prolonged his life.

ADV: ADV before v

cheerful

adjective

happy

buoyant

cheery

chirpy informal

enthusiastic

jaunty

jolly

light-hearted

merry

optimistic

upbeat informal

cheerfulness

noun

happiness

buoyancy

exuberance

gaiety

geniality

good cheer

good humour

high spirits

jauntiness

light-heartedness

cheerio

[D.J.:ˌtʃɪəri:ˈəʊ]

[K.K.:ˌtʃɪriˈo]

int.

<英,口>(分别时表达良好祝愿)再见;<古>(为你的健康)干杯

cheerio

cheerio
People sometimes say ` Cheerio ' as a way of saying goodbye. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
CONVENTION formulae
= bye

cheerleader

[D.J.:ˈtʃɪəˌli:də]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪrˌlidɚ]

n.

啦啦队队长

cheerleader *

1. cheerleader cheerleaders
A cheerleader is one of the people who leads the crowd in cheering at a large public event, especially a sports event.
N-COUNT

2. cheerleader cheerleaders
If you say that someone is a cheerleader for a particular cause or an individual politician, you mean that they are one of the chief supporters of this cause or politician and work hard to raise support for them.

- Chancellor Helmut Kohl was the leading cheerleader for German unification.

N-COUNT

cheerless

[D.J.:ˈtʃɪəlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪrlɪs]

adj.

沉闷的;无乐趣的;不快乐的,阴郁的,凄凉的

cheerlessly

adv.

cheerlessness

n.

cheerless

cheerless
Cheerless places or weather are dull and depressing.

- The kitchen was dank and cheerless.

- ...a bleak, cheerless dawn with driving rain clouds.

ADJ-GRADED
= gloomy

cheerless

adjective

gloomy

bleak

desolate

dismal

drab

dreary

forlorn

miserable

sombre

woeful

cheerily

[D.J.:ˈtʃɪrɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪrəlɪ]

adv.

快活地;兴高采烈地;爽快地

cheery

[D.J.:ˈtʃɪəri:]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪri]

adj.

喜气洋洋的;兴高采烈的;欢乐的

cheery *

1. cheery cheerier cheeriest
If you describe a person or their behaviour as cheery , you mean that they are cheerful and happy.

- She was cheery and talked to them about their problems.

ADJ-GRADED
= cheerful

2. cheerily

- `Come on in,' she said cheerily.

ADV-GRADED:

cheery

adjective

cheerful

breezy

carefree

chirpy informal

genial

good-humoured

happy

jovial

upbeat informal

cheese

[D.J.:tʃi:z]

[K.K.:tʃiz]

n.

干酪, 奶酪

cheese ***

1. cheese cheeses
Cheese is a solid food made from milk. It is usually white or yellow.

- ...bread and cheese.

- ...cheese sauce...

- He cut the mould off a piece of cheese.

- ...delicious French cheeses.

N-MASS
See also cottage cheese , cream cheese , goat cheese , macaroni cheese .

2. cheese
Someone who has a very important job or position can be referred to as a big cheese . (INFORMAL)

- He is a big cheese in the Art Fraud Squad.

- ...big cheeses from the State Department.

PHR: N inflects

3. cheese
If someone tells you to say `cheese ' when they are taking your photograph, they are indicating that they want you to smile.
PHR: V inflects

cheeseboard

制干酪用的缸上的盖

cheeseboard

cheeseboard cheeseboards
A cheeseboard is a board from which cheese is served at a meal.
N-COUNT: usu sing also cheese board .

cheeseburger

[D.J.:ˈtʃi:zbə:ɡə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃizˌbɚɡɚ]

n.

夹干酪和碎牛肉的三明治,放有干酪的肉饼

cheeseburger

cheeseburger cheeseburgers
A cheeseburger is a flat round piece of cooked meat called a burger with a slice of cheese on top, served in a bread roll.
N-COUNT

cheesecake

[D.J.:ˈtʃi:zˌkeɪk]

[K.K.:ˈtʃizˌkek]

n.

强调女性优美曲线的照片，泳装照，裸照; 性感迷人的年轻女性; 显现身体曲线的衣服 (泳装，紧身毛衣等)

adj.

淫荡的，挑逗的

cheesecake

cheesecake cheesecakes
Cheesecake is a dessert that consists of a base made from broken biscuits covered with a soft sweet mixture containing cream cheese.
N-VAR

cheesecloth

[D.J.:ˈtʃi:zklɔθ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃizˌklɔθ, -ˌklɑθ]

n.

一种粗棉布

cheesecloth

cheesecloth
Cheesecloth is cotton cloth that is very thin and light. There are tiny holes between the threads of the cloth.

- ...cheesecloth shirts...

- Strain the mixture through a double thickness of muslin or cheesecloth.

N-UNCOUNT

cheesed off

cheesed off
If you are cheesed off , you are annoyed, bored, or disappointed. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Jean was thoroughly cheesed off by the whole affair.

- I did get a bit cheesed off with the movie's rather plodding pace.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

cheesy

[D.J.:ˈtʃi:zi]

[K.K.:ˈtʃizi]

adj.

干酪质的,〈美俚〉(质量)低劣的,下等的,〈英俚〉俊俏的,潇洒的

cheesy

1. cheesy cheesier cheesiest
Cheesy food is food that tastes or smells of cheese.

- ...cheesy biscuits...

- The sauce was too runny and not cheesy enough.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. cheesy cheesier cheesiest
If you describe something as cheesy , you mean that it is cheap, unpleasant, or insincere. (INFORMAL)

- ...a cheesy Baghdad hotel...

- The King's Road was getting increasingly cheesy.

- Politicians persist in imagining that `the people' warm to their cheesy slogans.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

cheetah

[D.J.:ˈtʃi:tə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃitə]

n.

<动>(奔跑极快的)非洲猎豹

cheetah

cheetah cheetahs
A cheetah is a wild animal that looks like a large cat with black spots on its body. Cheetahs can run very fast.
N-COUNT

chef

[D.J.:ʃef]

[K.K.:ʃɛf]

n.

〈法〉厨师长

chef **

chef chefs
A chef is a cook in a restaurant or hotel.
N-COUNT

chemical

[D.J.:ˈkemikəl]

[K.K.:ˈkɛmɪkəl]

adj.

化学的

n.

化学药品

chemically

[D.J.:ˈkemɪkəlɪ]

adv.

化学地；化学上地；用化学, 以化学方法

chemicals

化学药品;化学制剂;化学制品

chemical ****

1. chemical
Chemical means involving or resulting from a reaction between two or more substances, or relating to the substances that something consists of.

- ...chemical reactions that cause ozone destruction.

- ...the chemical composition of the ocean.

- ...chemical weapons.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. chemically

- ...chemically treated foods...

- The medicine chemically affects your physiology.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. chemical chemicals
Chemicals are substances that are used in a chemical process or made by a chemical process.

- The whole food chain is affected by the over-use of chemicals in agriculture.

- ...a chemicals company.

- ...the chemical industry.

N-COUNT: usu pl

chemical engineer

chemical engineer chemical engineers
A chemical engineer is a person who designs and constructs the machines needed for industrial chemical processes.
N-COUNT

chemical engineering

chemical engineering
Chemical engineering is the designing and constructing of machines that are needed for industrial chemical processes.
N-UNCOUNT

chemise

[D.J.:ʃiˈmi:z]

[K.K.:ʃəˈmiz]

n.

(女用)衬衣,内衣

chemise

chemise chemises
A chemise is a long, loose piece of underwear worn by women in former times.
N-COUNT

chemist

[D.J.:ˈkemist]

[K.K.:ˈkɛmɪst]

n.

化学家

药剂师

chemist **

1. chemist chemists
A chemist or a chemist's is a shop where drugs and medicines are sold or given out, and where you can buy cosmetics and some household goods. Compare drugstore , pharmacy . (BRIT)

- There are many creams available from the chemist which should clear the infection.

- She went into a chemist's and bought some aspirin.

N-COUNT: oft the N
= pharmacy

2. chemist chemists
A chemist is someone who works in a chemist's shop and is qualified to prepare and sell medicines. (BRIT; in AM use druggist or pharmacist )
N-COUNT
= pharmacist

3. chemist chemists
A chemist is a person who does research connected with chemistry or who studies chemistry.

- She worked as a research chemist.

N-COUNT

chemist

noun

pharmacist

apothecary obsolete

dispenser

chemistry

[D.J.:ˈkemistri]

[K.K.:ˈkɛmɪstri]

n.

化学

chemistry **

1. chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific study of the structure of substances and of the way that they react with other substances.
N-UNCOUNT

2. chemistry
The chemistry of an organism or a material is the chemical substances that make it up and the chemical reactions that go on inside it.

- We have literally altered the chemistry of our planet's atmosphere.

- If the supply of vitamins and minerals in the diet is inadequate, this will result in changes in body chemistry.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

3. chemistry
If you say that there is chemistry between two people, you mean that is obvious they are attracted to each other or like each other very much.

- ...the extraordinary chemistry between Ingrid and Bogart...

- Janis and I became friends but we were never close. The chemistry wasn't there.

N-UNCOUNT

chemotherapy

[D.J.:ˈkeməuˈθerəpi]

[K.K.:ˌkimoˈθɛrəpi, ˌkɛmo-]

n.

〈医〉化学疗法

chemotherapy *

chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is the treatment of disease using chemicals. It is often used in treating cancer.
N-UNCOUNT

chenille

[D.J.:ʃəˈni:l]

[K.K.:ʃəˈnil]

n.

绳绒线绳绒织物

chenille

chenille
Chenille is cloth or clothing made from a type of thick furry thread.
N-UNCOUNT

cheque

[D.J.:tʃek]

[K.K.:tʃɛk]

n.

〈英〉支票

cheque **

cheque cheques
A cheque is a printed form on which you write an amount of money and who it is to be paid to. Your bank then pays the money to that person from your account.

- He wrote them a cheque for £10,000.

- I'd like to pay by cheque.

N-COUNT: also by N (AM) check
See also blank cheque , traveller's cheque .

cheque book

cheque book cheque books
A cheque book is a book of cheques which your bank gives you so that you can pay for things by cheque.

- Leave your cheque book and credit cards at home unless you know you will need them.

N-COUNT The spellings chequebook , and in American English checkbook are also used.

cheque-book journalism

cheque-book journalism
Cheque-book journalism is the practice of paying people large sums of money for information about crimes or famous people in order to get material for newspaper articles.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) checkbook journalism disapproval

cheque card

cheque card cheque cards
In Britain, a cheque card or a cheque guarantee card is a small plastic card given to you by your bank and which you have to show when you are paying for something by cheque or when you are cashing a cheque at another bank.
N-COUNT
= banker's card

chequered

[ˈtʃekəd]

adj.

好运和恶运交替的

chequered

1. chequered
If a person or organization has had a chequered career or history, they have had a varied past with both good and bad periods.

- He had a chequered political career spanning nearly forty years.

- Alan had led a very chequered past and had been to prison lots of times.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n (AM) checkered

2. chequered
Something that is chequered has a pattern with squares of two or more different colours.

- ...red chequered tablecloths.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) checkered
= checked

cherish

[D.J.:ˈtʃeriʃ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛrɪʃ]

vt.

珍爱, 珍视, 爱护

怀有, 抱有

cherish *

1. cherish cherishes cherishing cherished
If you cherish something such as a hope or a pleasant memory, you keep it in your mind for a long period of time.

- The president will cherish the memory of this visit to Ohio.

- It was a wonderful occasion which we will cherish for many years to come.

VB
= treasure

2. cherished

- ...the cherished dream of a world without wars.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

3. cherish cherishes cherishing cherished
If you cherish someone or something, you take good care of them because you love them.

- He genuinely loved and cherished her.

- The previous owners had cherished the house.

VB

4. cherished

- He described the picture as his most cherished possession.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

5. cherish cherishes cherishing cherished
If you cherish a right, a privilege, or a principle, you regard it as important and try hard to keep it.

- Chinese people cherish their independence and sovereignty.

VB

6. cherished

- Freud called into question some deeply cherished beliefs.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

cherish

verb

1.

cling to

cleave to

encourage

entertain

foster

harbour

hold dear

nurture

prize

sustain

treasure

2.

care for

comfort

hold dear

love

nurse

shelter

support

cheroot

[D.J.:ʃəˈru:t]

[K.K.:ʃəˈrut]

n.

方头雪茄烟

cheroot

cheroot cheroots
A cheroot is a cigar with both ends cut flat.
N-COUNT

cherry

[D.J.:ˈtʃeri:]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛri]

n.

樱桃

樱桃树;樱桃木

樱桃色,鲜红色

a bite at/of the cherry;another bite at/of the cherry

做某事的机会； 另一次机会

cherry **

1. cherry cherries
Cherries are small, round fruit with red skins.
N-COUNT

2. cherry cherries
A cherry or a cherry tree is a tree that cherries grow on.
N-COUNT

cherub

[D.J.:ˈtʃerəb]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛrəb]

n.

小天使,胖娃娃

cherub

cherub cherubs
A cherub is a kind of angel that is represented in art as a naked child with wings.
N-COUNT
= angel

cherubic

[tʃeˈru:bik]

adj.

天使的,天真无邪的,可爱的

cherubic

cherubic
If someone looks cherubic , they look sweet and innocent like a cherub. (LITERARY)

- I was born cherubic and chubby.

- ...her beaming, cherubic face.

ADJ

chervil

[D.J.:ˈtʃə:vil]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɚvəl]

n.

山萝卜

chervil

chervil
Chervil is a herb that tastes like aniseed.
N-UNCOUNT

Cheshire cat

Cheshire cat
If someone is grinning like a Cheshire cat or like the Cheshire cat , they are smiling very widely.

- He had a grin on his face like a Cheshire Cat.

- ...a Cheshire Cat smile.

PHR

chess

[D.J.:tʃes]

[K.K.:tʃɛs]

n.

棋, 国际象棋

chess **

chess
Chess is a game for two people, played on a chessboard. Each player has 16 pieces, including a king. Your aim is to move your pieces so that your opponent's king cannot escape being taken.

- ...the world chess championships.

N-UNCOUNT

chessboard

[D.J.:ˈtʃesbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛsˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

棋盘

chessboard

chessboard chessboards
A chessboard is a square board with 64 black and white squares that is used for playing chess.
N-COUNT

chest

[D.J.:tʃest]

[K.K.:tʃɛst]

n.

胸部, 胸腔

箱子, 柜子

chest ***

1. chest chests
Your chest is the top part of the front of your body where your ribs, lungs, and heart are.

- He crossed his arms over his chest.

- He was shot in the chest.

- He complained of chest pain.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

2. -chested

- He was bare-chested and barefoot.

- I'm 15 and completely flat-chested.

COMB in ADJ

3. chest chests
A chest is a large, heavy box used for storing things.

- At the very bottom of the chest were his carving tools.

- ...a treasure chest.

- ...a medicine chest.

N-COUNT
= trunk

4. chest
If you get something off your chest , you talk about something that has been worrying you.

- I feel it's done me good to get it off my chest.

PHR: V inflects
≠ bottle up

chest

noun

box

case

casket

coffer

crate

strongbox

trunk

chestnut

[D.J.:ˈtʃesˌnʌt, -nət]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛsˌnʌt, -nət]

n.

栗子

栗树；栗木

栗色马

an/that old chestnut

老掉牙的笑话(或故事)；老生常谈

chestnut *

1. chestnut chestnuts
A chestnut or chestnut tree is a tall tree with broad leaves.
N-COUNT
See also horse chestnut .

2. chestnut chestnuts
Chestnuts are the reddish-brown nuts that grow on chestnut trees. You can eat chestnuts.
N-COUNT

3. chestnut chestnuts
Something that is chestnut is dark reddish-brown in colour.

- ...a woman with chestnut hair.

- ...a chestnut mare.

COLOUR

4. chestnut
If you refer to a statement, a story, or a joke as an old chestnut or a hoary chestnut , you mean that it has been repeated so often that it is no longer interesting.

- ...that old chestnut, the war between man and machines.

PHR: N inflects

chest of drawers

chest of drawers chests of drawers
A chest of drawers is a low, flat piece of furniture with drawers in which you keep clothes and other things.
N-COUNT

chesty

[D.J.:ˈtʃesti]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɛsti]

adj.

胸丰满的,骄傲的

chesty

chesty
If you have a chesty cough, you have a lot of mucus in your lungs. (BRIT)
ADJ: ADJ n

chevron

[D.J.:ˈʃevrən]

[K.K.:ˈʃɛvrən]

n.

(警察或士兵所佩带以示衔级的)∧形或∨形标志

chevron *

1. chevron chevrons
A chevron is a V shape.

- The chevron or arrow road sign indicates a sharp bend to the left or right.

N-COUNT

2. chevron chevrons
A chevron is one of a number of V shapes worn on the sleeve by someone in the armed forces or in the police force to show their rank.

- He wore shoulderstrap rank slides with sergeant's chevrons.

N-COUNT
= stripes

chew

[tʃu:]

vt. & vi.

咀嚼; 咬

chewing

咀嚼

chew **

1. chew chews chewing chewed
When you chew food, you use your teeth to break it up in your mouth so that it becomes easier to swallow.

- Be certain to eat slowly and chew your food extremely well.

- Daniel leaned back on the sofa, still chewing on his apple.

- ...the sound of his mother chewing and swallowing.

VB

2. chew chews chewing chewed
If you chew gum or tobacco, you keep biting it and moving it around your mouth to taste the flavour of it. You do not swallow it.

- One girl was chewing gum.

- He chews tobacco constantly.

VB

3. chew chews chewing chewed
If you chew your lips or your fingernails, you keep biting them because you are nervous.

- He chewed his lower lip nervously.

VB

4. chew chews chewing chewed
If a person or animal chews an object, they bite it with their teeth.

- They pause and chew their pencils.

- One owner left his pet under the stairs where the animal chewed through electric cables.

VB
= bite

5. chew chews
A chew is a sweet that you have to chew very hard before it becomes soft. (BRIT)

- ...a selection of penny chews.

N-COUNT

6. chew
If you say that someone has bitten off more than they can chew , you mean that they are trying to do something which is too difficult for them.

- Micky is used to handling dodgy deals but this time fears he may have bitten off more than he can chew.

PHR: bite inflects

7. chew
If people chew the fat , they talk in a relaxed, informal way. (INFORMAL)

- We'd been lounging around, chewing the fat for a couple of hours.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, pl-n PHR, PHR with n

chew

verb

bite

champ

chomp

crunch

gnaw

grind

masticate

munch

chew out **

chew out chews out; chewing out; chewed out
If you chew someone out , you tell them off in a very angry way. (INFORMAL)

- He chewed out the player, who apologized the next time I saw him.

- When Tom got back to Dallas, Perot called him over and chewed him out.

PHR-V

chew over **

chew over chews over; chewing over; chewed over
If you chew something over , you keep thinking about it.

- He tends to chew things over too much in his mind.

- Goldstone chewed over the idea further.

PHR-V

chew up **

1. chew up chews up; chewing up; chewed up
If you chew food up , you chew it until it is completely crushed or soft.

- I took one of the pills and chewed it up.

PHR-V

2. chew up chews up; chewing up; chewed up
If something is chewed up , it has been destroyed or damaged in some way. (INFORMAL)

- Every spring the ozone is chewed up, and the hole appears.

- ...rebels who are now chewing up Government-held territory...

- This town is notorious for chewing people up and spitting them out.

PHR-V

chewing gum

chewing gum
Chewing gum is a kind of sweet that you can chew for a long time. You do not swallow it.

- ...a stick of chewing gum.

N-UNCOUNT
= gum

chewy

[D.J.:ˈtʃu:i]

[K.K.:ˈtʃui]

adj.

(食物)耐嚼的,不易嚼碎的

chewy

chewy chewier chewiest
If food is chewy , it needs to be chewed a lot before it becomes soft enough to swallow.

- The meat was too chewy.

- ...chewy chocolate cookies.

ADJ-GRADED

chewy

adjective

tough

as tough as old boots

leathery

chiaroscuro

[D.J.:ki:ˌɑ:rəˈskʊərəʊ, -ˈskjʊərəʊ]

[K.K.:kiˌɑrəˈskʊro, -ˈskjʊro]

n.

(绘画中)明暗对照法

(文学中)对比法,对照法

chiaroscuro

chiaroscuro
Chiaroscuro is the use of light and shade in a picture, or the effect produced by light and shade in a place.

- ...the natural chiaroscuro of the place.

N-UNCOUNT

chic

[D.J.:ʃi:k]

[K.K.:ʃik]

adj.

<法>漂亮的, 时髦的, 潇洒的

n.

高雅，雅致

chic *

1. chic
Something or someone that is chic is fashionable and sophisticated.

- Her gown was very French and very chic.

ADJ-GRADED
= stylish

2. chic
Chic is used to refer to a particular style or to the quality of being chic.

- ...French designer chic...

- He radiates charm and chic.

N-UNCOUNT

chic

adjective

stylish

elegant

fashionable

smart

trendy Brit. informal

chicanery

[D.J.:ʃɪˈkeɪnəri:, tʃɪ-]

[K.K.:ʃɪˈkenəri, tʃɪ-]

n.

耍花招哄骗别人(尤指于法律事务中);不诚实的行为

哄骗;欺骗

chicanery

chicanery
Chicanery is using cleverness to cheat people. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
= trickery

chicano

[tʃiˈkɑ:nəu]

n.

〈西〉墨西哥裔美国人;在美国的墨西哥男人

chicano

chicano chicanos
A chicano is an American citizen, whose family originally came from Mexico. (AM)

- Gary Soto is a Chicano poet and a professor of Chicano and Latino literature.

N-COUNT

chick

[D.J.:tʃɪk]

[K.K.:tʃɪk]

n.

小鸡,小鸟,幼雏

少妇

chick **

1. chick chicks
A chick is a baby bird.
N-COUNT

2. chick chicks
Some men refer to women as chicks . This use could cause offence. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

chicken

[D.J.:ˈtʃikin]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪkən]

n.

鸡

鸡肉

chicken ***

1. chicken chickens
Chickens are birds which are kept on a farm for their eggs and for their meat.

- Lionel built a coop so that they could raise chickens and have a supply of fresh eggs.

- ...free-range chickens.

N-COUNT
= hen

2. chicken
Chicken is the flesh of this bird eaten as food.

- ...roast chicken with wild mushrooms.

- ...chicken soup.

N-UNCOUNT

3. chicken chickens
If someone calls you a chicken , they mean that you are afraid to do something. (INFORMAL)

- I'm scared of the dark. I'm a big chicken.

N-COUNT disapproval
= coward

4. chicken
Also an adjective.

- Why are you so chicken, Gregory?

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

5. chicken
If you say that someone is counting their chickens , you mean that they are assuming that they will be successful or get something, when this is not certain.

- I don't want to count my chickens before they are hatched.

PHR: V inflects

6. chicken
If you describe a situation as a chicken and egg situation, you mean that it is impossible to decide which of two things caused the other one.

- It's a chicken and egg situation. Does the deficiency lead to the eczema or has the eczema led to certain deficiencies?

PHR: PHR n

7. chicken
If someone is running round like a headless chicken or rushing around like a headless chicken , they are panicking when they should be thinking carefully about what needs to be done. (mainly BRIT)

- Instead of running round like a headless chicken use your efforts in a more productive way.

PHR: V and N inflect

chicken out ***

chicken out chickens out; chickening out; chickened out
If someone chickens out of something they were intending to do, they decide not to do it because they are afraid. (INFORMAL)

- His mother complains that he makes excuses to chicken out of family occasions such as weddings.

- I had never ridden on a motor-cycle before. But it was too late to chicken out.

PHR-V

chicken feed

chicken feed
If you think that an amount of money is so small it is hardly worth having or considering, you can say that it is chicken feed .

- I was making a million a year, but that's chicken feed in the pop business.

N-UNCOUNT also chickenfeed .
= peanuts

chickenpox

[ˈtʃikinˌpɔks]

n.

水痘

chickenpox

chickenpox
Chickenpox is a disease which gives you a high temperature and red spots that itch.
N-UNCOUNT also chicken pox .

chicken wire

chicken wire
Chicken wire is a type of thin wire netting.
N-UNCOUNT

chickpea

[D.J.:ˈtʃikpi:]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪkˌpi]

n.

鹰嘴豆

chickpea

chickpea chickpeas
Chickpeas are hard round seeds that look like pale brown peas. They can be cooked and eaten.
N-COUNT: usu pl also chick pea .

chickweed

[D.J.:ˈtʃikwi:d]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪkˌwid]

n.

繁缕

chickweed

chickweed
Chickweed is a plant with small leaves and white flowers which grows close to the ground.
N-UNCOUNT

chicory

[D.J.:ˈtʃikəri]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪkəri]

n.

菊苣

chicory

chicory
Chicory is a plant with crunchy bitter tasting leaves. It is eaten in salads, and its roots are sometimes used instead of coffee.
N-UNCOUNT

chide

[D.J.:tʃaɪd]

[K.K.:tʃaɪd]

vt.

责骂, 责备

chide *

chide chides chiding chided
If you chide someone, you speak to them angrily because they have done something wicked or foolish. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Cross chided himself for worrying.

- He gently chided the two women.

VB
= scold

chide

verb Old-fashioned

scold

admonish

berate

censure

criticize

lecture

rebuke

reprimand

reproach

reprove

tell off informal

chief

[D.J.:tʃi:f]

[K.K.:tʃif]

adj.

级别最高的; 总的

主要的, 最重要的

n.

族长, 酋长

首领, 首长

chief *****

1. chief chiefs
The chief of an organization is the person who is in charge of it.

- ...a commission appointed by the police chief.

- ...Putin's chief of security.

N-COUNT: with supp

2. chief
The chief of a tribe is its leader.

- ...Sitting Bull, chief of the Sioux tribes of the Great Plains.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

3. chief
Chief is used in the job titles of the most senior worker or workers of a particular kind in an organization.

- ...the chief test pilot.

ADJ: ADJ n
= head

4. chief
The chief cause, part, or member of something is the most important one.

- Financial stress is well established as a chief reason for divorce.

- The job went to one of his chief rivals.

ADJ: ADJ n
= main principal

chief

noun

1.

head

boss informal

captain

commander

director

governor

leader

manager

master

principal

ruler

adjective

2.

primary

foremost

highest

key

leading

main

predominant

pre-eminent

premier

prime

principal

supreme

uppermost

Chief Constable *

Chief Constable
A Chief Constable is the officer who is in charge of the police force in a particular county or area in Britain.

- ...the Chief Constable of Greater Manchester.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

chief executive officer

chief executive officer chief executive officers
The chief executive officer of a company is the person who has overall responsibility for the management of that company. The abbreviation CEO is often used.
N-COUNT
= CEO

Chief Justice *

Chief Justice
A Chief Justice is the most important judge of a court of law, especially a supreme court.

- ...Chief Justice Marshall.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

chiefly

[D.J.:ˈtʃi:fli:]

[K.K.:ˈtʃifli]

adv.

主要地, 首要地

尤其

chiefly *

chiefly
You use chiefly to indicate that a particular reason, emotion, method, or feature is the main or most important one.

- He joined the consular service in China, chiefly because this was one of the few job vacancies.

- His response to attacks on his work was chiefly bewilderment.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV with v
= mainly primarily

chiefly

adverb

1.

especially

above all

essentially

primarily

principally

2.

mainly

in general

in the main

largely

mostly

on the whole

predominantly

usually

Chief of Staff **

Chief of Staff Chiefs of Staff
The Chiefs of Staff are the highest-ranking officers of each service of the armed forces.

- ...General Carl Vano, the chief of staff of the Army.

N-COUNT

chieftain

[D.J.:ˈtʃi:ftən]

[K.K.:ˈtʃiftən]

n.

(部落)酋长;族长;首领

chieftain

chieftain chieftains
A chieftain is the leader of a tribe.

- ...the legendary British chieftain, King Arthur.

N-COUNT

chiffon

[D.J.:ˈʃifɔn]

[K.K.:ʃɪˈfɑn, ˈʃɪfˌɑn]

n.

雪纺绸

chiffon *

chiffon chiffons
Chiffon is a kind of very thin silk or nylon cloth that you can see through.

- ...floaty chiffon skirts.

N-MASS

chignon

[D.J.:ˈʃinjɔ:ŋ]

[K.K.:ʃinˈjɑn, ˈʃinˌjɑn]

n.

假髻

chignon

chignon chignons
A chignon is a knot of hair worn at the back of a woman's head.
N-COUNT
= bun

Chihuahua

[D.J.:tʃiˈwɑ:wə; (ＵＳ)tʃiˈwɑ:wɑ:]

[K.K.:tʃəˈwɑwɑ, tʃi-]

n.

吉娃娃(一种产于墨西哥的狗)

Chihuahua

Chihuahua Chihuahuas
A Chihuahua is a very small dog with short hair.
N-COUNT also chihuahua .

chilblain

[D.J.:ˈtʃilblein]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪlˌblen]

n.

冻疮

chilblain

chilblain chilblains
Chilblains are painful red swellings which people sometimes get on their fingers or toes in cold weather.
N-COUNT: usu pl

child

[D.J.:tʃaild]

[K.K.:tʃaɪld]

n.

小孩, 儿童

子女, 孩子

children

[D.J.:ˈtʃɪldrən]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪldrən]

(child的复数)

child *****

1. child children
A child is a human being who is not yet an adult.

- When I was a child I lived in a country village.

- He's just a child.

- ...a child of six...

- It was only suitable for children.

N-COUNT

2. child children
Someone's children are their sons and daughters of any age.

- How are the children?.

- His children have left home.

- The young couple decided to have a child.

N-COUNT

children

children
Children is the plural of child .

child

noun

youngster

babe

baby

bairn Scot.

infant

juvenile

kid informal

offspring

toddler

tot

childbearing

[D.J.:ˈtʃaildbeəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃaɪldˌbɛrɪŋ]

n.

分娩

childbearing

1. childbearing
Childbearing is the process of giving birth to babies.
N-UNCOUNT

2. childbearing
A woman of childbearing age is of an age when women are normally able to give birth to children.
ADJ: ADJ n

child benefit *

child benefit
In Britain, child benefit is an amount of money paid weekly by the state to families for each of their children.
N-UNCOUNT

childbirth

[D.J.:ˈtʃaɪldˌbɜ:θ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃaɪldˌbə..θ]

n.

分娩,生孩子

childbirth *

childbirth
Childbirth is the act of giving birth to a child.

- She died in childbirth.

N-UNCOUNT
= labour

childbirth

noun

child-bearing

confinement

delivery

labour

lying-in

parturition

travail

childcare *

childcare
Childcare refers to looking after children, and to the facilities which help parents to do so.

- Both partners shared childcare.

- Britain has one of the worst records for state-run pre-school childcare in Western Europe.

N-UNCOUNT

childhood

[D.J.:ˈtʃaildhud]

[K.K.:ˈtʃaɪldˌhʊd]

n.

童年, 儿童时代

childhood ***

childhood childhoods
A person's childhood is the period of their life when they are a child.

- She had a happy childhood.

- He was remembering a story heard in childhood.

- ...childhood illnesses.

N-VAR: oft poss N, N n

childhood

noun

youth

boyhood or girlhood

immaturity

infancy

minority

schooldays

childish

[D.J.:ˈtʃaɪldɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃaɪldɪʃ]

adj.

孩子的,孩子气的,孩子所特有的

幼稚的

childishly

[D.J.:ˈtʃaɪldɪʃlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃaɪldɪʃlɪ]

adv.

天真地;幼小地

幼稚地

childish *

1. childish
Childish means relating to or typical of a child.

- ...childish enthusiasm.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. childish
If you describe someone, especially an adult, as childish , you disapprove of them because they behave in an immature way.

- ...Penny's selfish and childish behaviour...

- Don't be so childish.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= immature

3. childishly

- He hit back angrily, saying such remarks were childishly simplistic.

- He knew that he had behaved childishly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

4. childishness

- ...regressing into childishness.

N-UNCOUNT

childish

adjective

immature

boyish or girlish

foolish

infantile

juvenile

puerile

young

childless

[ˈtʃaildlis]

adj.

无儿女的

childless *

childless
Someone who is childless has no children.

- ...childless couples.

ADJ

childlike

[D.J.:ˈtʃaɪldˌlaɪk]

[K.K.:ˈtʃaɪldˌlaɪk]

adj.

天真的;童稚的;孩子般的

childlike *

childlike
You describe someone as childlike when they seem like a child in their character, appearance, or behaviour.

- His most enduring quality is his childlike innocence.

- Her behaviour was childlike and dependent.

ADJ-GRADED

childlike

adjective

innocent

artless

guileless

ingenuous

naive

simple

trusting

childminder

n.

〈英〉(代人)照看孩子者,托儿所中心工作者

childminder

childminder childminders
A childminder is someone whose job it is to look after children when the children's parents are away or are at work. Childminders usually work in their own homes. (BRIT)
N-COUNT
= minder

childminding

childminding
Childminding is looking after children when it is done by someone such as a childminder. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT also child-minding .

child prodigy

child prodigy child prodigies
A child prodigy is a child with a very great talent.

- She was a child prodigy, giving concerts before she was a teenager.

N-COUNT

childproof

[D.J.:ˈtʃaildpru:f]

[K.K.:ˈtʃaɪldˌpruf]

adj.

能防止孩童瞎摸弄的,对孩童安全的,不会被孩童弄坏的

childproof

childproof
Something that is childproof is designed in a way which ensures that children cannot harm it or be harmed by it.

- A medicine chest should be secure and childproof.

ADJ also child proof .

chill

[D.J.:tʃil]

[K.K.:tʃɪl]

vt. & vi.

(使)变冷, (使)变凉

n.

寒冷, 寒气

寒颤, 发冷

chilled

[tʃild]

adj.

已冷的,冷硬了的,冷冻的

chilling

[D.J.:ˈtʃɪlɪŋ]

adj.

吓人的

chill **

1. chill chills chilling chilled
When you chill something or when it chills , you lower its temperature so that it becomes colder but does not freeze.

- Chill the fruit salad until serving time.

- These doughs can be rolled out while you wait for the pastry to chill.

- ...a glass of chilled champagne.

V-ERG
≠ heat

2. chill chills chilling chilled
When cold weather or something cold chills a person or a place, it makes that person or that place feel very cold.

- The marble floor was beginning to chill me.

- An exposed garden may be chilled by cold winds.

- Wade placed his chilled hands on the radiator and warmed them.

- The boulder sheltered them from the chilling wind.

VB
= freeze

3. chill chills chilling chilled
If you say that something you see, hear, or feel chills you, you mean that it frightens you. (WRITTEN)

- There was a coldness in her that chilled him.

- Some films chill you to the marrow of your bones.

VB

4. chill chills
If something sends a chill through you, it gives you a sudden feeling of fear or anxiety.

- The violence used against the students sent a chill through Indonesia.

- He smiled, an odd, dreamy smile that sent chills up my back.

N-COUNT
= shiver

5. chill chills
A chill is a mild illness which can give you a slight fever and headache.

- He caught a chill while performing at a rain-soaked open-air venue.

N-COUNT

6. chill
Chill weather is cold and unpleasant.

- ...chill winds, rain and choppy seas.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. chill
Also a noun.

- September is here, bringing with it a chill in the mornings.

- ...the cold chill of the night.

N-SING

chilling *

1. chilling
If you describe something as chilling , you mean it is frightening.

- The report gives a chilling account of how the plane disintegrated after the explosion.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. chillingly

- ...since the murder of a London teenager in chillingly similar circumstances in February.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

chill

noun

1.

cold

bite

coldness

coolness

crispness

frigidity

nip

rawness

sharpness

verb

2.

cool

freeze

refrigerate

3.

dishearten

dampen

deject

depress

discourage

dismay

adjective

4.

cold

biting

bleak

chilly

freezing

frigid

raw

sharp

wintry

chill out **

chill out chills out; chilling out; chilled out
To chill out means to relax after you have done something tiring or stressful. (INFORMAL)

- After raves, we used to chill out in each others' bedrooms.

PHR-V
= relax

chiller

[D.J.:ˈtʃilə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪlɚ]

n.

恐怖电影; 恐怖书籍

chiller

chiller chillers
A chiller is a very frightening film or novel.
N-COUNT

chilli

[D.J.:ˈtʃɪli:]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪli]

n.

(干)辣椒, 辣椒粉

chillies

椒干

chilli **

1. chilli chillies or chillis
Chillies are small red or green peppers. They have a very hot taste and are used in cooking.
N-VAR (AM) usually and (BRIT) sometimes chili

2. chilli
Chilli is the same as chilli con carne .
N-UNCOUNT (AM) usually and (BRIT) sometimes chili

chilli con carne

chilli con carne
Chilli con carne is a dish made from minced meat, vegetables, and powdered or fresh chillies.
N-UNCOUNT

chilli powder

chilli powder
Chilli powder is a very hot-tasting powder made mainly from dried chillies. It is used in cooking.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) usually and (BRIT) sometimes chili powder .

chill-out

chill-out
Chill-out places or things are intended to help you relax. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He shuffled off to one of the chill-out rooms to collect his thoughts.

- ...some summer chill-out music.

ADJ: ADJ n

chilly

[D.J.:ˈtʃɪli:]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪli]

adj.

寒冷的,冷得难受的

chilly *

1. chilly chillier chilliest
Something that is chilly is unpleasantly cold.

- It was a chilly afternoon.

- The rooms had grown chilly.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ

2. chilly chillier chilliest
If you feel chilly , you feel rather cold.

- I'm a bit chilly.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

3. chilly chillier chilliest
You say that relations between people are chilly or that a person's response is chilly when they are not friendly, welcoming, or enthusiastic.

- I was slightly afraid of their chilly distant politeness.

ADJ-GRADED

chilly

adjective

1.

cool

brisk

crisp

draughty

fresh

nippy

penetrating

sharp

2.

unfriendly

frigid

hostile

unresponsive

unsympathetic

unwelcoming

chime

[D.J.:tʃaɪm]

[K.K.:tʃaɪm]

n.

(一套钟敲出的)钟声;谐和音律

vt. & vi.

敲出和谐的乐声;报(时)

chime in

插嘴；(以…)打断谈话

chime in with;chime with

与…相一致(或相似)

chime *

1. chime chimes chiming chimed
When a bell or a clock chimes , it makes ringing sounds.

- He heard the front doorbell chime.

- ...as the Guildhall clock chimed three o'clock.

- ...a mahogany chiming clock.

VB

2. chime chimes
A chime is a ringing sound made by a bell, especially when it is part of a clock.

- At that moment a chime sounded from the front of the house.

- The ceremony started as the chimes of midnight struck.

N-COUNT

3. chime chimes
Chimes are a set of small objects which make a ringing sound when they are blown by the wind.

- ...the haunting sound of the wind chimes.

N-PLURAL: usu supp N

chime

noun

ring

clang

jingle

peal

sound

tinkle

toll

chime in *

chime in chimes in; chiming in; chimed in
If you chime in , you say something just after someone else has spoken.

- `Why?' Pete asked impatiently. --- `Yes, why?' Bob chimed in. `It seems like a good idea to me.'.

- At this, some of the others chime in with memories of prewar deprivations.

PHR-V

chime in with, chime with *

chime in chimes in; chiming in; chimed in
If one thing chimes in with another thing or chimes with it, the two things are similar or consistent with each other.

- He has managed to find a response to each new political development that chimes in with most Germans' instinct.

- The president's remarks do not entirely chime with those coming from American and British politicians.

PHR-V

chimera

[D.J.:kaɪˈmɪərə, kɪ-]

[K.K.:kaɪˈmɪrə, kɪ-]

n.

(由几种动物的各部分构成的)假想的怪兽

不可能实现的想法;幻想;妄想

chimera

1. chimera chimeras
A chimera is an unrealistic idea that you have about something or a hope that you have that is unlikely to be fulfilled. (FORMAL)

- Religious unity remained as much a chimera as ever.

N-COUNT
= illusion

2. chimera chimeras
In Greek mythology, a chimera is a creature with the head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of a snake.
N-COUNT

chimney

[D.J.:ˈtʃimni]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪmni]

n.

烟囱, 烟筒

chimney *

chimney chimneys
A chimney is a pipe through which smoke goes up into the air, usually through the roof of a building.

- Thick, yellow smoke pours constantly out of the chimneys at the steelworks in Katowice.

N-COUNT

chimney breast

chimney breast chimney breasts
A chimney breast is the part of a wall in a room which is built out round a chimney. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also chimney-breast .

chimneypiece

[D.J.:ˈtʃɪmni:ˌpi:s]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪmniˌpis]

n.

壁炉架

chimneypiece

chimneypiece chimneypieces
A chimneypiece is the same as a mantlepiece . (BRIT)

- ...the William IV marble chimneypiece, acquired specially for the room.

N-COUNT also chimney-piece .
= mantlepiece

chimney pot

chimney pot chimney pots
A chimney pot is a short pipe which is fixed on top of a chimney.
N-COUNT also chimney-pot .

chimney stack

chimney stack chimney stacks
A chimney stack is the brick or stone part of a chimney that is above the roof of a building. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also chimney-stack .

chimney sweep

chimney sweep chimney sweeps
A chimney sweep is a person whose job is to clean the soot out of chimneys.
N-COUNT also chimney-sweep .

chimp

[D.J.:tʃimp]

[K.K.:tʃɪmp]

n.

(非洲)黑猩猩

chimp

chimp chimps
A chimp is the same as a chimpanzee . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

chimpanzee

[D.J.:ˌtʃimpənˈzi:]

[K.K.:ˌtʃɪmpænˈzi, -pən-, tʃɪmˈpænzi]

n.

黑猩猩

chimpanzee *

chimpanzee chimpanzees
A chimpanzee is a kind of small African ape.
N-COUNT

chin

[tʃin]

n.

(尤指人的)颏, 下巴

chin **

1. chin chins
Your chin is the part of your face that is below your mouth and above your neck.

- ...a double chin...

- He rubbed the gray stubble on his chin.

N-COUNT

2. chin
If you say that someone took something on the chin , you mean that they accepted an unpleasant or difficult situation bravely and without making a lot of fuss about it. (INFORMAL)

- When the police arrived he took it on the chin and apologised for the trouble he'd caused them.

PHR: V inflects

china

[D.J.:ˈtʃainə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃaɪnə]

n.

瓷器

china **

1. china
China is a hard white substance made from clay. It is used to make things such as cups, bowls, plates, and ornaments.

- ...a small boat made of china.

- ...china cups.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n
See also bone china .

2. china
Cups, bowls, plates, and ornaments made of china are referred to as china .

- Judy collects blue and white china.

N-UNCOUNT

china

noun

pottery

ceramics

crockery

porcelain

service

tableware

ware

China tea

China tea
China tea is tea made from large dark green or reddish-brown tea leaves. It is usually drunk without milk or sugar.
N-UNCOUNT

Chinatown

[D.J.:ˈtʃaɪnəˌtaʊn]

[K.K.:ˈtʃaɪnəˌtaʊn]

n.

中国城;唐人街

Chinatown

Chinatown
Chinatown is the name given to the area in a city where there are many Chinese shops and restaurants, and which is a social centre for the Chinese community in the city.
N-UNCOUNT

Chinese

[D.J.:tʃaɪˈni:z, -ˈni:s]

[K.K.:tʃaɪˈniz, -ˈnis]

adj.

中国的

n.

中国话,汉语,中文

中国人,华裔

Chinese ***

1. Chinese
Something that is Chinese relates or belongs to China or its languages or people.
ADJ Chinese is both the singular and the plural form

2. Chinese
The Chinese are the people who come from China.
N-COUNT: usu pl Chinese is both the singular and the plural form

3. Chinese
The languages that are spoken in China, especially Mandarin, are often referred to as Chinese .
N-UNCOUNT Chinese is both the singular and the plural form

chink

[D.J.:tʃɪŋk]

[K.K.:tʃɪŋk]

n.

裂缝,小裂口

a chink in sb’s armour

(论点、性格等中易成为攻击目标的)弱点，薄弱环节

chink

1. chink chinks
A chink in a surface is a very narrow crack or opening in it.

- ...a chink in the wall...

- He peered through a chink in the curtains.

N-COUNT: usu N in n

2. chink chinks
A chink of light is a small patch of light that shines through a small opening in something.

- I noticed a chink of light at the end of the corridor.

N-COUNT: N of n

3. chink chinks chinking chinked
When objects chink , or you chink them, they touch each other, making a light ringing sound.

- ...cutlery chinking in the silence...

- They poured out the rest of the wine and she chinked his mug.

V-ERG
= clink

4. chink
If you say that someone has a chink in their armour , you mean that they have a small weakness in their character or in their ideas which makes it easy to harm them.
PHR: chink inflects
= Achilles heel

chink

noun

opening

aperture

cleft

crack

cranny

crevice

fissure

gap

chinos

chinos
Chinos are casual, loose trousers made from cotton.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

chintz

[D.J.:tʃints]

[K.K.:tʃɪnts]

n.

印花棉布

chintz

chintz chintzes
Chintz is a cotton fabric decorated with flowery patterns.

- ...chintz curtains.

N-MASS

chintzy

[D.J.:ˈtʃintsi]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪntsi]

adj.

以印花棉布做成的,低廉的

chintzy

1. chintzy
Something that is chintzy is decorated or covered with chintz. (BRIT)

- ...huge great sofas and chintzy armchairs.

ADJ-GRADED

2. chintzy
If you describe something as chintzy , you mean that it is showy and looks cheap. (mainly AM)

- ...a chintzy table lamp.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

3. chintzy
You can describe someone as chintzy if they are mean and seem to spend very little money compared with other people. (AM, INFORMAL)

- Pan Am spent the most on its average meals and USAir spent the least, but USAir says it wasn't really chintzy.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

chip

[D.J.:tʃip]

[K.K.:tʃɪp]

n.

碎片

缺口

炸马铃薯条

集成电路片

vt. & vi.

(使)切掉碎片

chipped

adj.

有缺口的,用碎片组成的

chipping

[D.J.:ˈtʃipiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪpɪŋ]

n.

碎屑,破片

chips

[D.J.:tʃips]

n.

炸马铃薯条

have had your chips

注定要失败(或完蛋)

when the chips are down

在危急关头；在关键时刻

chip ***

1. chip chips
Chips are long, thin pieces of potato fried in oil or fat and eaten hot, usually with a meal. (BRIT; in AM use French fries )

- I had fish and chips in a cafe.

- Frank Browne shook more sauce over his chips.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. chip chips
Chips or potato chips are very thin slices of fried potato that are eaten cold as a snack. (AM; in BRIT use crisps )

- ...a package of onion-flavored potato chips.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. chip chips
A silicon chip is a very small piece of silicon with electronic circuits on it which is part of a computer or other piece of machinery.
N-COUNT

4. chip chips
A chip is a small piece of something or a small piece which has been broken off something.

- It contains real chocolate chips.

- He was burning wood chips to make charcoal.

- Teichler's eyes gleamed like chips of blue glass.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

5. chip chips
A chip in something such as a piece of china or furniture is where a small piece has been broken off it.

- The washbasin had a small chip.

N-COUNT

6. chip chips chipping chipped
If you chip something or if it chips , a small piece is broken off it.

- The blow chipped the woman's tooth.

- Steel baths are lighter but chip easily.

V-ERG

7. chipped

- The wagon's paint was badly chipped on the outside.

- They drank out of chipped mugs.

ADJ-GRADED

8. chip chips
Chips are plastic counters used in gambling to represent money.

- He put the pile of chips in the center of the table and drew a card.

N-COUNT: usu pl

9. chip chips
In discussions between people or governments, a chip or a bargaining chip is something of value which one side holds, which can be exchanged for something they want from the other side.

- The information could be used as a bargaining chip to extract some parallel information from Britain.

- He was not expected to be released because he was considered a valuable chip in this game.

N-COUNT

10. chip
If you describe someone as a chip off the old block , you mean that they are just like one of their parents in character or behaviour.

- Her fifth child was born, a son who Sally at first thought was another chip off the old block.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

11. chip
If you say that something happens when the chips are down , you mean it happens when a situation gets very difficult. (INFORMAL)

- When the chips are down, she's very tough.

PHR

12. chip
If you say that someone has a chip on their shoulder , you think that they feel inferior or that they believe they have been treated unfairly. (INFORMAL)

- He had this chip on his shoulder about my mum and dad thinking that they're better than him.

PHR: Ns inflect, usu have/with PHR

chip

noun

1.

scratch

fragment

nick

notch

shard

shaving

sliver

wafer

verb

2.

nick

chisel

damage

gash

whittle

chip away at ***

1. chip away chips away; chipping away; chipped away
If you chip away at something such as an idea, a feeling, or a system, you gradually make it weaker or less likely to succeed by repeated efforts.

- Instead of an outright coup attempt, the rebels want to chip away at her authority.

PHR-V
= erode

2. chip away chips away; chipping away; chipped away
If you chip away at a debt or an amount of money, you gradually reduce it.

- The group had hoped to chip away at its debts by selling assets.

PHR-V

chip in ***

1. chip in chips in; chipping in; chipped in
When a number of people chip in , each person gives some money so that they can pay for something together. (INFORMAL)

- They chip in for the petrol and food.

- The brothers chip in a certain amount of money each month to hire a home health aide.

PHR-V
= contribute

2. chip in chips in; chipping in; chipped in
If someone chips in during a conversation, they interrupt it in order to say something. (INFORMAL)

- `That's true,' chipped in Quaver.

- He chipped in before Clements could answer.

PHR-V

chipboard

[D.J.:ˈtʃipbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪpˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

硬纸板,纸板

chipboard

chipboard
Chipboard is a hard material made out of very small pieces of wood which have been pressed together. It is often used for making doors and furniture.
N-UNCOUNT

chipmunk

[D.J.:ˈtʃɪpˌmʌŋk]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪpˌmʌŋk]

n.

金花鼠

chipmunk

chipmunk chipmunks
A chipmunk is a small animal with a large furry tail and a striped back.
N-COUNT

Chippendale

[D.J.:ˈtʃipəndeil]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪpənˌdel]

n.

(18世纪的)齐本德尔式家具

Chippendale

Chippendale
Chippendale is a style of furniture from the eighteenth century.

- ...a pair of Chippendale chairs.

ADJ: ADJ n

chipper

[D.J.:ˈtʃipə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪpɚ]

adj.

爽朗的,活泼的,爽快的

n.

切东西的人或工具

v.

(使)高兴起来,吱吱叫,喋喋而言

chipper

chipper
Chipper means cheerful and lively. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He looked unusually chipper this morning.

ADJ-GRADED
= bright

chippings

碎屑

chippings

chippings
Wood chippings or stone chippings are small pieces of wood or stone which are used, for example, to cover surfaces such as paths or roads.

- Paths of bark chippings will help to give the impression of a woodland walkway.

N-PLURAL: usu n N

chippy

[D.J.:ˈtʃipi]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪpi]

n.

花栗鼠,浪漫女子

adj.

碎片的；活跃的

chippy

chippy chippies
A chippy is the same as a chip shop . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- For years he's visited the chippy at least once a week.

N-COUNT also chippie .

chip shop

chip shop chip shops
A chip shop is a shop which sells hot food such as fish and chips, fried chicken, sausages, and meat pies. The food is cooked in the shop and people take it away to eat at home or in the street. (BRIT)
N-COUNT
= fish and chip shop

chiropodist

[kiˈrɔpədist]

n.

手足病医生

chiropodist

chiropodist chiropodists
A chiropodist is a person whose job is to treat and care for people's feet.
N-COUNT
= podiatrist

chiropody

[D.J.:kiˈrɔpədi]

[K.K.:kɪˈrɑpədi, ʃɪ-]

n.

手足病的治疗

chiropody

chiropody
Chiropody is the professional treatment and care of people's feet.
N-UNCOUNT
= podiatry

chiropractic

[D.J.:ˌkaiərəˈpræktik]

[K.K.:ˈkaɪrəˌpræktɪk]

n.

脊椎推拿疗法

chiropractic

chiropractic
Chiropractic is the treatment of injuries by pressing and moving people's joints, especially the spine.
N-UNCOUNT

chiropractor

[ˈkaiərəˌpræktə]

n.

脊椎推拿治疗者

chiropractor

chiropractor chiropractors
A chiropractor is a person who treats injuries by chiropractic.
N-COUNT

chirp

[D.J.:tʃɜ:p]

[K.K.:tʃə..p]

vi.

鸟叫;虫鸣

chirping

鸣叫

chirp

1. chirp chirps chirping chirped
When a bird or an insect such as a cricket or grasshopper chirps , it makes short high-pitched sounds.

- The crickets chirped faster and louder.

VB
= chirrup

2. chirp chirps
Also a noun.

- The chirps of the small garden birds sounded distant.

N-COUNT

3. chirping

- ...the chirping of birds.

N-UNCOUNT

4. chirp chirps chirping chirped
You say that a person chirps when they say something in a cheerful, high-pitched voice. (WRITTEN)

- `See you soon, I hope!' chirped my mother.

VB

chirp

verb

chirrup

cheep

peep

pipe

tweet

twitter

warble

chirpy

[D.J.:ˈtʃə:pi]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɚrpi]

adj.

嚓嚓叫的,快活的,活泼的

chirpy

chirpy chirpier chirpiest
If you describe a person or their behaviour as chirpy , you mean they are very cheerful and lively. (INFORMAL)

- Hutson is a small, chirpy bloke.

- She sounded quite chirpy, all she needs is rest.

ADJ-GRADED
= cheerful

chirrup

[D.J.:ˈtʃɜ:rəp, ˈtʃɪr-]

[K.K.:ˈtʃə..rəp, ˈtʃɪr-]

vi.

反复不断地发出唧唧叫声

n.

反复不断的唧唧叫声

chirrup

chirrup chirrups chirruping chirruped
If a person or bird chirrups , they make short high-pitched sounds.

- `My gosh,' she chirruped.

- I woke up to the sound of larks chirruping.

VB
= chirp

chisel

[D.J.:ˈtʃɪzəl]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪzəl]

n.

凿子, 錾子

vt. & vi.

凿, 雕;镌

chiselled

[D.J.:ˈtʃizld]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪzəld]

adj.

①凿过的，凿光的②(文章等)精心雕琢的

chiselling

[ˈtʃizəliŋ]

n.

錾

chisel *

1. chisel chisels
A chisel is a tool that has a long metal blade with a sharp edge at the end. It is used for cutting and shaping wood and stone.

- ...a hammer and chisel.

N-COUNT

2. chisel chisels chiselling chiselled
If you chisel wood or stone, you cut and shape it using a chisel.

- He set out to chisel a dog out of sandstone.

VB (AM) chiseling , chiseled

chiselled

chiselled
If you say that someone, usually a man, has chiselled features, you mean that their face has a strong, clear bone structure.

- Women find his chiselled features irresistible.

- ...a chiselled jaw.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) chiseled

chit

[D.J.:tʃit]

[K.K.:tʃɪt]

n.

幼儿

瘦小的少女

便条; 短信

欠条, 记账单(如用旅馆中的饮料)

chit

chit chits
A chit is a short official note, such as a receipt, an order, or a memo, usually signed by someone in authority. (BRIT; ALSO AM, MILITARY)

- Schrader initialled the chit for the barman.

N-COUNT

chit-chat

chit-chat
Chit-chat is informal talk about things that are not very important.

- Not being a mother, I found the chit-chat exceedingly dull.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) usually and (BRIT) sometimes chitchat

chivalric

[D.J.:ˈʃivəlrik]

[K.K.:ʃɪˈvælrɪk, ˈʃɪvəl-]

adj.

有武士气概的,有武士风范的

chivalric

chivalric
Chivalric means relating to or connected with the system of chivalry that was believed in and followed by medieval knights.

- ...chivalric ideals.

ADJ: ADJ n

chivalrous

[D.J.:ˈʃɪvəlrəs]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪvəlrəs]

adj.

(尤指对女人)有骑士风度的,彬彬有礼的

chivalrous

chivalrous
A chivalrous man is polite, kind, and unselfish, especially towards women.

- He was handsome, upright and chivalrous.

ADJ-GRADED approval

chivalrous

adjective

courteous

bold

brave

courageous

gallant

gentlemanly

honourable

valiant

chivalrously

adv.

象骑士一样地

chivalry

[D.J.:ˈʃɪvəlri:]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪvəlri]

n.

(中世纪的)骑士制度

骑士气概,骑士品质

chivalrously

adv.

chivalry

1. chivalry
Chivalry is polite, kind, and unselfish behaviour, especially by men towards women.

- Marie seemed to revel in his old-fashioned chivalry.

N-UNCOUNT
= gallantry

2. chivalry
In the Middle Ages, chivalry was the set of rules and way of behaving which knights were expected to follow.

- ...the age of chivalry.

N-UNCOUNT

chivalry

noun

courtesy

courage

gallantry

gentlemanliness

knight-errantry

knighthood

politeness

chives *

chives
Chives are the long thin hollow green leaves of a herb with purple flowers. Chives are cut into small pieces and added to food to give it a flavour similar to onions.
N-PLURAL

chivvy

[D.J.:ˈtʃivi]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɪvi]

v.

(使)烦扰,耍花招

chivvy

chivvy chivvies chivvying chivvied
If you chivvy someone, you keep telling them to do something that they do not want to do. (BRIT)

- There, the health care authority chivvies doctors into doing more preventive medicine.

- They maintained control by sending their representatives to the front to chivvy army commanders along.

VB
= badger

chloride

[D.J.:ˈklɔ:raid]

[K.K.:ˈklɔrˌaɪd, ˈklor-]

n.

氯化物

chloride *

chloride chlorides
Chloride is a chemical compound of chlorine and another substance.

- The scientific name for common salt is sodium chloride.

N-MASS: oft n N

chlorinated

[D.J.:ˈklɔ:rineitid]

[K.K.:ˈklɔrəˌnetɪd, ˈklor-]

adj.

绿色的

chlorinated

chlorinated
Chlorinated water, for example drinking water or water in a swimming pool, has been cleaned by adding chlorine to it.

- Tell your hairdresser if you regularly swim in a chlorinated pool.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

chlorine

[D.J.:ˈklɔ:ri:n]

[K.K.:ˈklɔrˌin, -ɪn, ˈklor-]

n.

〈化〉氯, 氯气

chlorine *

chlorine
Chlorine is a strong-smelling gas that is used to clean water and to make cleaning products.
N-UNCOUNT

chlorofluorocarbon

[D.J.:ˌklɔ:rəʊˌflʊərəʊˈkɑ:bən, -ˌflɔ:r-, -ˌfləʊr-, ˌkləʊr-]

[K.K.:ˌklɔroˌflʊroˈkɑrbən, -ˌflɔr-, -ˌflor-, ˌklor-]

n.

<化>含氯氟烃(即破坏臭氧层的CFC)

chlorofluorocarbon

chlorofluorocarbon chlorofluorocarbons
Chlorofluorocarbons are the same as CFCs .
N-COUNT
= CFC

chloroform

[D.J.:ˈklɔ:rəˌfɔ:m, ˈkləʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈklɔrəˌfɔrm, ˈklor-]

n.

(用作麻醉剂的)氯仿;三氯甲烷

chloroform

chloroform
Chloroform is a colourless liquid with a strong sweet smell, which makes you unconscious if you breathe its vapour.
N-UNCOUNT

chlorophyll

[D.J.:ˈklɔ:rəfɪl, ˈkləʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈklɔrəfɪl, ˈklor-]

n.

叶绿素

chlorophyll

chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is a green substance in plants which enables them to use the energy from sunlight in order to grow.
N-UNCOUNT

choc-ice

n.

巧克力夹心雪糕

choc-ice

choc-ice choc-ices
A choc-ice is a small block of ice cream covered in chocolate. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also choc ice .

chock-a-block

adj.

(常与with连用)挤满的,塞满的,充满的

chock-a-block

chock-a-block
A place that is chock-a-block is very full of people, things, or vehicles. (INFORMAL)

- The small roads are chock-a-block with traffic.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n
= packed

chock-full

[D.J.:ˈtʃɔkful]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɑkˈfʊl]

adj.

塞满了的

chock-full

chock-full
Something that is chock-full is completely full. (INFORMAL)

- The 32-page catalog is chock-full of things that add fun to festive occasions.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ of n
= bursting

chocoholic

[D.J.:ˌtʃɔkəˈhɔ:lik]

[K.K.:ˌtʃɔkəˈhɔlɪk, -ˈhɑlɪk, ˌtʃɑk-]

n.

嗜食巧克力的人，吃巧克力上瘾的人

chocoholic

chocoholic chocoholics
A chocoholic is someone who eats a great deal of chocolate and finds it hard to stop themselves eating it. (INFORMAL)

- Many chocoholics get rid of their cravings by having a cup of chocolate-flavored coffee.

N-COUNT

chocolate

[D.J.:ˈtʃɔkəlit]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɔkəlɪt, ˈtʃɔklɪt, ˈtʃɑk-]

n.

巧克力

巧克力糖

chocolate ***

1. chocolate chocolates
Chocolate is a sweet hard food made from cocoa beans. It is usually brown in colour and is eaten as a sweet.

- ...a bar of chocolate...

- Do you want some chocolate?

- ...rich chocolate cake.

N-MASS
See also milk chocolate , plain chocolate .

2. chocolate
Chocolate or hot chocolate is a drink made from a powder containing chocolate. It is usually made with hot milk.

- ...a small cafeteria where the visitors can buy tea, coffee and chocolate...

- I sipped the hot chocolate she had made.

N-UNCOUNT
= drinking chocolate

3. chocolate chocolates
A cup of chocolate can be referred to as a chocolate or a hot chocolate .

- I'll have a hot chocolate please.

N-COUNT

4. chocolate chocolates
Chocolates are small sweets or nuts covered with a layer of chocolate. They are usually sold in a box.

- ...a box of chocolates...

- Here, have a chocolate.

N-COUNT

5. chocolate chocolates
Chocolate is used to describe things that are dark brown in colour.

- The curtains and the coverlet of the bed were chocolate velvet.

- She placed the chocolate-colored coat beside the case.

COLOUR

chocolate-box

chocolate-box
Chocolate-box places or images are very pretty but in a boring or conventional way. (BRIT)

- ...a village of chocolate-box timbered houses.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n also chocolate box .

choice

[D.J.:tʃɔis]

[K.K.:tʃɔɪs]

n.

选择, 挑选

供选择的东西

入选者, 被选中的东西

adj.

上等的; 精选的

choice ****

1. choice choices
If there is a choice of things, there are several of them and you can choose the one you want.

- It's available in a choice of colours.

- At lunchtime, there's a choice between the buffet or the set menu.

- Club Sportif offer a wide choice of holidays.

N-COUNT
= selection

2. choice choices
Your choice is someone or something that you choose from a range of things.

- Although he was only grumbling, his choice of words made Rodney angry.

N-COUNT: usu poss N
= selection

3. choice choicer choicest
Choice means of very high quality. (FORMAL)

- ...Fortnum and Mason's choicest chocolates.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= select

4. choice
If you have no choice but to do something or have little choice but to do it, you cannot avoid doing it.

- They had little choice but to agree to what he suggested.

PHR: V inflects

5. choice
The thing or person of your choice is the one that you choose.

- ...tickets to see the football team of your choice...

- In many societies children still marry someone of their parents' choice.

PHR: n PHR

choice

noun

1.

option

alternative

pick

preference

say

2.

selection

range

variety

adjective

3.

best

elite

excellent

exclusive

prime

rare

select

choir

[D.J.:ˈkwaiə]

[K.K.:kwaɪr]

n.

唱诗队, 唱诗班

choir **

1. choir choirs
A choir is a group of people who sing together, for example in a church or school.

- He has been singing in his church choir since he was six.

N-COUNT

2. choir choirs
In a church building, the choir is the area in front of the altar where the choir sits.
N-COUNT: usu sing

choirboy

[D.J.:ˈkwaiəbɔi]

[K.K.:ˈkwaɪrˌbɔɪ]

n.

(唱诗班的)少年歌者

choirboy

choirboy choirboys
A choirboy is a boy who sings in a church choir.
N-COUNT

choirmaster

[D.J.:ˈkwaiəˌmɔ:stə]

[K.K.:ˈkwaɪrˌmæstɚ]

n.

唱诗班指挥

choirmaster

choirmaster choirmasters
A choirmaster is a person whose job is to train a choir.
N-COUNT

choke

[D.J.:tʃəuk]

[K.K.:tʃok]

vt. & vi.

填塞

(使)窒息

chokes

气哽

choking

[D.J.:ˈtʃəukiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃokɪŋ]

adj.

窒息的,憋闷的，透不过气来的

choke **

1. choke chokes choking choked
When you choke or when something chokes you, you cannot breathe properly or get enough air into your lungs.

- The coffee was almost too hot to swallow and made him choke for a moment.

- A small child could choke on the doll's hair.

- Dense smoke swirled and billowed, its rank fumes choking her.

- The girl choked to death after breathing in smoke.

V-ERG

2. choke chokes choking choked
To choke someone means to squeeze their neck until they are dead.

- The men pushed him into the entrance of a nearby building where they choked him with his tie.

VB
= strangle

3. choke chokes choking choked
If a place is choked with things or people, it is full of them and they prevent movement in it.

- The village's roads are choked with traffic.

- His pond has been choked by the fast-growing weed.

VB: usu passive

4. choke chokes
The choke in a car, truck, or other vehicle is a device that reduces the amount of air going into the engine and makes it easier to start.
N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the N

choked

1. choked
If you say something in a choked voice or if your voice is choked with emotion, your voice does not have its full sound, because you are upset or frightened.

- `Why did Ben do that?' she asked, in a choked voice.

- One young conscript rose with a message of thanks, his voice choked with emotion.

ADJ: ADJ n, v-link ADJ with n

2. choked
If you feel choked about something, you are very angry or upset about it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I still feel choked about him leaving.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

choke

verb

1.

strangle

asphyxiate

gag

overpower

smother

stifle

suffocate

suppress

throttle

2.

block

bar

bung

clog

congest

constrict

obstruct

stop

choke back **

choke back chokes back; choking back; choked back
If you choke back tears or a strong emotion, you force yourself not to show your emotion.

- Choking back tears, he said Mary died in his arms.

PHR-V
= suppress

choke off **

choke off chokes off; choking off; choked off
To choke off financial growth means to restrict or control the rate at which a country's economy can grow.

- They warned the Chancellor that raising taxes in the Budget could choke off the recovery.

PHR-V

choker

[D.J.:ˈtʃəukə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃokɚ]

n.

噎住的人,使人窒息之物,宽领带

choker

choker chokers
A choker is a necklace or band of material that fits very closely round a woman's neck.

- ...a pearl choker.

N-COUNT

cholera

[D.J.:ˈkɔlərə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑlərə]

n.

<医>霍乱

cholera *

cholera
Cholera is a serious disease that often kills people. It is caused by drinking infected water or by eating infected food.

- ...a cholera epidemic.

N-UNCOUNT

choleric

[D.J.:ˈkɔlərɪk, kəˈlerɪk]

[K.K.:ˈkɑlərɪk, kəˈlɛrɪk]

adj.

易怒的,性情暴躁的

choleric

choleric
A choleric person gets angry very easily. You can also use choleric to describe a person who is very angry. (FORMAL)

- ...his choleric disposition...

- Most choleric of all were those who suspected the BBC of foul play.

ADJ-GRADED
= fiery

cholesterol

[D.J.:kɔˈlestərɔl]

[K.K.:kəˈlɛstəˌrɔl, -ˌrol]

n.

胆固醇

cholesterol **

cholesterol
Cholesterol is a substance that exists in the fat, tissues, and blood of all animals. Too much cholesterol in a person's blood can cause heart disease.

- ...a dangerously high cholesterol level.

N-UNCOUNT

chomp

[D.J.:tʃɔmp]

[K.K.:tʃɑmp]

vi.

切齿,格格地咬牙,咬响牙齿

chomp

chomp chomps chomping chomped
If a person or animal chomps their way through food or chomps on food, they chew it noisily. (INFORMAL)

- On the diet I would chomp my way through breakfast, even though I'm never hungry in the morning.

- I chomped hungrily through the large steak.

- I lost a tooth while chomping on a French baguette!

VB
= munch

to chomp at the bit : see bit .

choose

[D.J.:tʃu:z]

[K.K.:tʃuz]

vt. & vi.

挑选; 选择

选定, 决定

喜欢; 宁愿

choosing

选择,决定

chose

[D.J.:tʃəuz]

[K.K.:tʃoz]

vbl. n.

choose的过去式 动产

chosen

[D.J.:ˈtʃəʊzən]

[K.K.:ˈtʃozən]

(choose的过去分词)

adj.

挑选出来的,精选的

<宗>上帝所选的

choose ****

1. choose chooses choosing chose chosen
If you choose someone or something from several people or things that are available, you decide which person or thing you want to have.

- They will be able to choose their own leaders in democratic elections.

- This week he has chosen Peter Mandelson to replace Mo Mowlam.

- There are several patchwork cushions to choose from.

- Houston was chosen as the site for the convention.

- He did well in his chosen profession.

VB
= select

2. choose chooses choosing chose chosen
If you choose to do something, you do it because you want to or because you feel that it is right.

- They knew that discrimination was going on, but chose to ignore it.

- You can just take out the interest each year, if you choose.

VB

3. choose
If there is little to choose between people or things or nothing to choose between them, it is difficult to decide which is better or more suitable. (mainly BRIT)

- There is very little to choose between the world's top tennis players.

PHR: v-link PHR

4. choose
The chosen few are a small group who are treated better than other people. You sometimes use this expression when you think this is unfair.

- Learning should no longer be an elitist pastime for the chosen few.

PHR
= elite

chose

Chose is the past tense of choose .

chosen

Chosen is the past participle of choose .

choose

verb

pick

adopt

designate

elect

opt for

prefer

select

settle upon

choosy

[D.J.:ˈtʃu:zi:]

[K.K.:ˈtʃuzi]

adj.

<口>爱挑剔的

难讨好的

choosy

choosy
Someone who is choosy is difficult to please because they will only accept something if it is exactly what they want or if it is of very high quality. (mainly INFORMAL)

- Skiers should be particularly choosy about the insurance policy they buy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n/wh
= selective exacting

choosy

adjective Informal

fussy

discriminating

faddy

fastidious

finicky

particular

picky informal

selective

chop

[D.J.:tʃɔp]

[K.K.:tʃɑp]

vt. & vi.

砍, 伐, 劈

n.

带骨的肉块

剁, 砍, 劈

chopping

[D.J.:ˈtʃɔpiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɑpɪŋ]

adj.

波浪汹涌的,硕大强健的

chops

[D.J.:tʃɔps]

[K.K.:tʃɑps]

n.

摆簧夹

chop ***

1. chop chops chopping chopped
If you chop something, you cut it into pieces with strong downward movements of a knife or an axe.

- Chop the butter into small pieces.

- Chop the onions very finely.

- Visitors were set to work chopping wood.

- ...chopped tomatoes.

VB

2. chop chops
A chop is a small piece of meat cut from the ribs of a sheep or pig.

- ...grilled lamb chops.

N-COUNT: usu n N

3. chop
When people chop and change , they keep changing their minds about what to do or how to act. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Don't ask me why they have chopped and changed so much.

PHR: Vs inflect

4. chop
If something is for the chop or is going to get the chop , it is going to be stopped or closed. If someone is for the chop , they are going to lose their job or position. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He won't say which programmes are for the chop.

- I was both disappointed and amazed when I got the chop from the Wales team.

PHR
= get the boot

chop

verb

cut

cleave

fell

hack

hew

lop

sever

chop down ***

chop down chops down; chopping down; chopped down
If you chop down a tree, you cut through its trunk with an axe so that it falls to the ground.

- Sometimes they have to chop down a tree for firewood.

PHR-V
= cut down

chop off ***

chop off chops off; chopping off; chopped off
To chop off something such as a part of someone's body means to cut it off.

- She chopped off her golden, waist-length hair.

- They dragged him to the village square and chopped his head off.

PHR-V
= cut off

chop up ***

chop up chops up; chopping up; chopped up
If you chop something up , you chop it into small pieces.

- Chop up three firm tomatoes.

- ...chopped up banana.

PHR-V
= cut up

chopper

[D.J.:ˈtʃɔpə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɑpɚ]

n.

斧子，斧头

chopper *

chopper choppers
A chopper is a helicopter. (INFORMAL)

- Overhead, the chopper roared and the big blades churned the air.

N-COUNT
= helicopter

chopping board

chopping board chopping boards
A chopping board is a wooden or plastic board that you chop meat and vegetables on. (BRIT; in AM usually use cutting board )
N-COUNT

choppy

[D.J.:ˈtʃɔpi:]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɑpi]

adj.

(指海洋)波浪起伏的

choppy

choppy choppier choppiest
When water is choppy , there are a lot of small waves on it because there is a wind blowing.

- A gale was blowing and the sea was choppy.

ADJ-GRADED
= rough

chopstick

[D.J.:ˈtʃɔpˌstɪk]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɑpˌstɪk]

n.

筷子

chopsticks

[D.J.:ˈtʃ ɔpstɪks]

[K.K.:ˈtʃ ɑpˌstɪks]

n.

筷子

chopstick

chopstick chopsticks
Chopsticks are a pair of thin sticks which people in China and the Far East use to eat their food.
N-COUNT: usu pl

chop suey

chop suey
Chop suey is a Chinese-style dish that consists of meat and vegetables that have been stewed together.
N-UNCOUNT

choral

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:rəl, ˈkəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrəl, ˈkor-]

adj.

唱诗班的,合唱队的

chorally

adv.

合唱地

chorally

adv.

合唱地

choral *

choral
Choral music is sung by a choir.

- His collection of choral music from around the world is called `Voices'.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

chorale

[D.J.:kɔˈrɑ:l]

[K.K.:kəˈræl, -ˈrɑl]

n.

赞美诗

chorale

1. chorale chorales
A chorale is a piece of music sung as part of a church service.

- ...a Bach chorale.

N-COUNT

2. chorale chorales
A chorale is a group of people who sing together. (AM)
N-COUNT

chord

[D.J.:kɔ:d]

[K.K.:kɔrd, kord]

n.

(数学)弦

(乐器)弦

(音乐)和弦, 和音

〈喻〉心弦

chord **

1. chord chords
A chord is a number of musical notes played or sung at the same time with a pleasing effect.

- ...the opening chords of `Stairway to Heaven'.

N-COUNT
See also vocal cords .

2. chord
If something strikes a chord with you, it makes you feel sympathy or enthusiasm.

- Mr Jenkins' arguments for stability struck a chord with Europe's two most powerful politicians.

- Burke's sentiments undoubtedly struck a responsive chord in Parliament.

PHR: V inflects

chore

[tʃɔ:]

n.

零星工作(尤指家常杂务)

chore *

1. chore chores
A chore is a task that you must do but that you find unpleasant or boring.

- She sees exercise primarily as an unavoidable chore.

- Making pasta by hand with a rolling pin can be a real chore.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= burden

2. chore chores
Chores are tasks such as cleaning, washing, and ironing that have to be done regularly at home.

- My husband and I both go out to work so we share the household chores.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= housework

chore

noun

task

burden

duty

errand

job

choreograph

[D.J.:ˈkɔ(:)riəɡrɑ:f]

[K.K.:ˈkɔriəˌɡræf, ˈkor-]

v.

设计舞蹈动作

choreograph

choreograph choreographs choreographing choreographed
When someone choreographs a ballet or other dance, they invent the steps and movements and tell the dancers how to perform them.

- Achim had choreographed the dance in Act II himself.

- She has danced, choreographed, lectured and taught all over the world.

VB

choreographed

choreographed
You describe an activity involving several people as choreographed when it is arranged but is intended to appear natural.

- Political conventions are more choreographed and less spontaneous than they used to be.

ADJ-GRADED

choreographer

[ˌkɔriˈɔɡrəfə]

n.

舞蹈指导

choreographic

[ˌkɔriəˈɡræfik]

adj.

舞蹈术的,舞台舞蹈的

choreography

[D.J.:ˌkɔ:ri:ˈɔgrəfi:, ˌkəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˌkɔriˈɑɡrəfi, ˌkor-]

n.

舞台舞蹈设计

choreographer

n.

舞蹈动作的设计者

choreographic

adj.

舞蹈艺术的

choreographer *

choreographer choreographers
A choreographer is someone who invents the movements for a ballet or other dance and tells the dancers how to perform them.
N-COUNT

choreographic

choreographic
Choreographic means relating to or connected with choreography.

- ...his choreographic work for The Birmingham Royal Ballet.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

choreography *

choreography
Choreography is the inventing of steps and movements for ballets and other dances.

- The choreography of Eric Hawkins is considered radical by ballet audiences.

N-UNCOUNT

chorister

[D.J.:ˈkɔristə]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrɪstɚ, ˈkor-, ˈkɑr-]

n.

唱诗班歌手,唱诗队指挥

chorister

chorister choristers
A chorister is a singer in a church choir.
N-COUNT

chortle

[D.J.:ˈtʃɔ:tl]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɔrtl..]

n.

哈哈大笑

vi.

哈哈大笑

chortle

1. chortle chortles chortling chortled
To chortle means to laugh in a way that shows you are very pleased.

- There was silence for a moment, then Larry began chortling like an idiot.

VB

2. chortle chortles
Also a noun.

- He gave a chortle.

N-COUNT

chortle

noun

chuckle

cackle

crow

guffaw

chorus

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:rəs]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrəs, ˈkor-]

n.

(歌曲的)副歌

合唱, 合唱队, 歌咏队

vt.

合唱, 齐声背诵, 异口同声地说

chorusing

齐鸣

chorus **

1. chorus choruses
A chorus is a part of a song which is repeated after each verse.

- Caroline sang two verses and the chorus of her song.

- Everyone joined in the chorus.

N-COUNT
= refrain

2. chorus choruses
A chorus is a large group of people who sing together.

- The chorus was singing `The Ode to Joy'.

N-COUNT
= choir

3. chorus choruses
A chorus is a piece of music written to be sung by a large group of people.

- ...the Hallelujah Chorus.

N-COUNT

4. chorus choruses
A chorus is a group of singers or dancers who perform together in a show, in contrast to the soloists.

- Students played the lesser parts and sang in the chorus.

N-COUNT

5. chorus choruses
When there is a chorus of criticism, disapproval, or praise, that attitude is expressed by a lot of people at the same time.

- The government is defending its economic policies against a growing chorus of criticism.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

6. chorus choruses chorusing chorused
When people chorus something, they say it or sing it together.

- `Hi,' they chorused.

VB

7. chorus choruses
Also a noun.

- He was greeted with a rousing chorus of Happy Birthday.

- `All the best,' called the other typists in chorus.

N-COUNT: with supp, also in N

chorus

noun

1.

choir

choristers

ensemble

singers

vocalists

2.

refrain

burden

response

strain

3.

unison

accord

concert

harmony

chorus girl

chorus girl chorus girls
A chorus girl is a young woman who sings or dances as part of a group in a show or film.
N-COUNT also chorus-girl .

chow

[D.J.:tʃau]

[K.K.:tʃaʊ]

n.

原产地中国的狗(体壮,有褐或黑色厚毛,舌为深蓝色)

chow

1. chow
Food can be referred to as chow . (AM, INFORMAL)

- Help yourself to some chow.

N-UNCOUNT

2. chow chows
A chow is a kind of dog that has a thick coat and a curled tail. Chows originally came from China.
N-COUNT

chowder

[D.J.:ˈtʃaudə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃaʊdɚ]

n.

杂烩

chowder

chowder chowders
Chowder is a thick soup containing pieces of fish.
N-MASS: usu n N

chow mein

chow mein
Chow mein is a Chinese-style dish that consists of fried noodles, cooked meat, and vegetables.

- ...chicken chow mein.

N-UNCOUNT

Christ

[D.J.:kraist]

[K.K.:kraɪst]

n.

基督

救世主

Christ **

1. Christ
Christ is one of the names of Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the son of God and whose teachings are the basis of Christianity.

- ...the teachings of Christ.

N-PROPER

2. Christ
Some people say ` Christ! ' when they are surprised, shocked, or annoyed, or in order to emphasize what they are saying. This use could cause offence. (INFORMAL)

- He looked at her watch. `Christ! We only have three minutes!'

EXCLAM feelings

christen

[D.J.:ˈkrɪsən]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪsən]

vt.

在洗礼时为(某人)命名

christening

[D.J.:ˈkrisniŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪsənɪŋ]

n.

洗礼仪式, 命名仪式

christen *

1. christen christens christening christened
When a baby is christened , he or she is given a name during the Christian ceremony of baptism. Compare baptize .

- She was born in March and christened in June.

- She was christened Susan.

VB: usu passive

2. christen christens christening christened
You say that you christen a person, place, or object a particular name if you choose a name for them and start calling them by that name. (INFORMAL)

- My housemaster christened me The Agitator!.

- We had a tiny little room which was christened Hades.

VB

3. christen christens christening christened
You say that you christen something new when you use it for the first time, especially if you do something special to mark the occasion. (INFORMAL)

- To christen the new hall, a number of great orchestras have been invited to play.

VB

christening *

christening christenings
A christening is a Christian ceremony in which a baby is made a member of the Christian church and is officially given his or her name. Compare baptism .

- ...my granddaughter's christening.

- ...a christening robe.

N-COUNT

christen

verb

1.

baptize

2.

name

call

designate

dub

style

term

title

Christendom

[D.J.:ˈkrisəndəm]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪsəndəm]

n.

基督教世界

Christendom

Christendom
All the Christian people and countries in the world can be referred to as Christendom . (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-PROPER

Christian

[D.J.:ˈkristʃən]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪstʃən]

n.

基督教徒

adj.

信基督教的; 基督教的; 基督教徒的

Christian ****

1. Christian Christians
A Christian is someone who follows the teachings of Jesus Christ.

- He was a devout Christian.

- Last week there were clashes during protests by Christians and Muslims.

N-COUNT

2. Christian
Christian means relating to Christianity or Christians.

- ...the Christian Church.

- ...the Christian faith.

- ...Christian areas of Beirut...

- Most of my friends are Christian.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

Christianity

[D.J.:ˌkrɪstʃi:ˈænɪti:, ˌkrɪsti:-]

[K.K.:ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti, ˌkrɪsti-]

n.

基督教

Christianity **

Christianity
Christianity is a religion that is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ and the belief that he was the son of God.

- He converted to Christianity that day.

N-UNCOUNT

Christian name

Christian name Christian names
Some people refer to their first names as their Christian names .

- Despite my attempts to get him to call me by my Christian name he insisted on addressing me as `Mr Kennedy'.

N-COUNT
= given name forename

Christian Science

1. Christian Science
Christian Science is a type of Christianity which emphasizes the use of prayer to cure illness.

- ...members of the Christian Science Church.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. Christian Scientist Christian Scientists

- She was brought up in a family of Christian Scientists.

N-COUNT

Christmas

[D.J.:ˈkrisməs]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪsməs]

n.

圣诞节

Christmas ****

1. Christmas Christmases
Christmas is a Christian festival when the birth of Jesus Christ is celebrated. Christmas is celebrated on the 25th of December.

- The day after Christmas is generally a busy one for retailers.

- Merry Christmas, Mom.

N-VAR: oft N n

2. Christmas Christmases
Christmas is the period of several days around and including Christmas Day.

- During the Christmas holidays there's a tremendous amount of traffic between the Northeast and Florida.

- He'll be in the hospital over Christmas, so we'll be spending our Christmas Day there.

N-VAR: oft N n

Christmas

noun

festive season

Noel

Xmas informal

Yule archaic

Yuletide archaic

Christmas cake

Christmas cake Christmas cakes
A Christmas cake is a special cake that is eaten at Christmas in Britain and some other countries.
N-VAR

Christmas card *

Christmas card Christmas cards
Christmas cards are cards with greetings, which people send to their friends and family at Christmas.

- He still writes to her sometimes and sends her a Christmas card every year.

N-COUNT

Christmas Day *

Christmas Day
Christmas Day is the 25th of December, when Christmas is celebrated.
N-UNCOUNT

Christmas Eve *

Christmas Eve
Christmas Eve is the 24th of December, the day before Christmas Day.
N-UNCOUNT

Christmas pudding

Christmas pudding Christmas puddings
Christmas pudding is a special pudding that is eaten at Christmas. (mainly BRIT)
N-VAR
= plum pudding

Christmas stocking

Christmas stocking Christmas stockings
A Christmas stocking is a long sock which children hang up on Christmas Eve. During the night, parents fill the stocking with small presents.
N-COUNT
= stocking

Christmassy

[ˈkrisməsi]

adj.

有圣诞气氛的

Christmassy

Christmassy
Something that is Christmassy is typical of or suitable for Christmas. (INFORMAL)

- It was the last week of school and they were doing all kinds of Christmassy things.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) also Christmasy

Christmas tree *

Christmas tree Christmas trees
A Christmas tree is a fir tree, or an artificial tree that looks like a fir tree, which people put in their houses at Christmas and decorate with coloured lights and ornaments.
N-COUNT

chromatic

[D.J.:krəʊˈmætɪk]

[K.K.:kroˈmætɪk]

adj.

有颜色的,颜色鲜艳的

chromatic

1. chromatic
In music, chromatic means related to the scale that consists only of semitones.

- ...the notes of the chromatic scale.

ADJ

2. chromatic
Chromatic means related to colours.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

chrome

[D.J.:krəʊm]

[K.K.:krom]

n.

<化>铬

chrome *

chrome
Chrome is metal plated with chromium.

- ...old-fashioned chrome taps.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

chromium

[D.J.:ˈkrəʊmi:əm]

[K.K.:ˈkromiəm]

n.

铬

chromium *

chromium
Chromium is a hard, shiny metallic element, used to make steel alloys and to coat other metals.

- ...chromium-plated fire accessories.

N-UNCOUNT

chromosomal

[ˌkrəuməˈsəuməl]

adj.

染色体的

chromosomal

chromosomal
Chromosomal means relating to or connected with chromosomes.

- More than half of all miscarriages are caused by chromosomal abnormalities.

ADJ: ADJ n

chromosome

[D.J.:ˈkrəʊməˌsəʊm]

[K.K.:ˈkroməˌsom]

n.

<生>染色体

chromosome *

chromosome chromosomes
A chromosome is a part of a cell in an animal or plant. It contains genes which determine what characteristics the animal or plant will have.

- Each cell of our bodies contains 46 chromosomes.

N-COUNT

chronic

[D.J.:ˈkrɔnik]

[K.K.:ˈkrɑnɪk]

adj.

长期患病的

慢性的

chronically

adv.

慢性地,习惯性地,长期地

chronic **

1. chronic
A chronic illness or disability lasts for a very long time. Compare acute .

- ...chronic back pain.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= persistent

2. chronically

- Most of them were chronically ill.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

3. chronic
You can describe someone's bad habits or behaviour as chronic when they have behaved like that for a long time and do not seem to be able to stop themselves.

- Anyone who does not believe that smoking is an addiction has never been a chronic smoker.

- ...a chronic worrier.

ADJ: ADJ n
= habitual inveterate

4. chronic
A chronic situation or problem is very severe and unpleasant.

- One cause of the artist's suicide seems to have been chronic poverty.

- There is a chronic shortage of patrol cars in this police district.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= severe

5. chronically

- Research and technology are said to be chronically underfunded.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

chronic fatigue syndrome

chronic fatigue syndrome
Chronic fatigue syndrome is an illness that is thought to be caused by a virus, and which affects people for a long period of time. Its symptoms include tiredness and aching muscles. The abbreviation CFS is often used.
N-UNCOUNT
= ME

chronicle

[D.J.:ˈkrɔnɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈkrɑnɪkəl]

n.

编年史

vt.

将(某事物)载入编年史

chronicler

[ˈkrɔniklə]

n.

年代记编(记录)者

chronicle *

1. chronicle chronicles chronicling chronicled
To chronicle a series of events means to write about them or show them in broadcasts in the order in which they happened.

- The series chronicles the everyday adventures of two eternal bachelors.

VB
= recount

2. chronicler chroniclers

- ...the chronicler of the English civil war.

N-COUNT

3. chronicle chronicles
A chronicle is an account or record of a series of events.

- ...this vast chronicle of Napoleonic times.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

4. chronicle
The word Chronicle is sometimes used as part of the name of a newspaper.

- ...the San Francisco Chronicle.

N-IN-NAMES

chronicle

noun

1.

record

account

annals

diary

history

journal

narrative

register

story

verb

2.

record

enter

narrate

put on record

recount

register

relate

report

set down

tell

chronological

[D.J.:ˌkrɔnəˈlɔdʒɪkəl, ˌkrəʊnə-]

[K.K.:ˌkrɑnəˈlɑdʒɪkəl, ˌkronə-]

adj.

按时间的前后顺序排列的

chronologically

adv.

按时间的前后顺序排列地

chronological *

1. chronological
If things are described or shown in chronological order, they are described or shown in the order in which they happened.

- I have arranged these stories in chronological order.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= sequential

2. chronologically

- The exhibition is organised chronologically.

ADV: ADV after v, ADV -ed/adj

3. chronological
If you refer to someone's chronological age, you are referring to the number of years they have lived, in contrast to their mental age or the stage they have reached in their physical or emotional development. (FORMAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

chronology

[D.J.:krəˈnɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:krəˈnɑlədʒi]

n.

年代学

年表，(按时间排列的)大事记

chronology

1. chronology
The chronology of a series of past events is the times at which they happened in the order in which they happened.

- She gave him a factual account of the chronology of her brief liaison.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

2. chronology chronologies
A chronology is an account or record of the times and the order in which a series of past events took place.

- The second part of Duffy's book is a detailed chronology of the Reformation.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= account

chronometer

[D.J.:krəˈnɔmɪtə]

[K.K.:krəˈnɑmɪtɚ]

n.

精密计时器;航行表

chronometer

chronometer chronometers
A chronometer is an extremely accurate clock that is used especially by sailors at sea.
N-COUNT

chrysalis

[D.J.:ˈkrisəlis]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪsəlɪs]

n.

蛹,茧,任何在形成中而尚未至完全成熟阶段的事物

chrysalises

蝶蛹

chrysalis

1. chrysalis chrysalises
A chrysalis is a butterfly or moth in the stage between being a larva and an adult.
N-COUNT

2. chrysalis chrysalises
A chrysalis is the hard, protective covering that a chrysalis has.

- ...a butterfly emerging from its chrysalis.

N-COUNT

chrysanthemum

[D.J.:kriˈsænθəməm]

[K.K.:krɪˈsænθəməm, -ˈzæn-]

n.

〈植〉菊花

chrysanthemum *

chrysanthemum chrysanthemums
A chrysanthemum is a large garden flower with many long, thin petals.
N-COUNT

chubby

[D.J.:ˈtʃʌbi:]

[K.K.:ˈtʃʌbi]

adj.

胖乎乎的;圆胖的;丰满的

chubby

chubby chubbier chubbiest
A chubby person is rather fat.

- Do you think I'm too chubby?

- ...his chubby hands.

ADJ-GRADED
= tubby ≠ skinny

chubby

adjective

plump

buxom

flabby

podgy

portly

rotund

round

stout

tubby

chuck

[D.J.:tʃʌk]

[K.K.:tʃʌk]

vt.

扔; 抛

抛弃; 丢弃

和…断绝关系; 抛弃(某人)

n.

(车床等的)夹头, 卡盘, 夹盘

(牛)颈部到肩部的肉

chucking

[ˈtʃʌkiŋ]

n.

夹具

chuck **

1. chuck chucks chucking chucked
When you chuck something somewhere, you throw it there in a casual or careless way. (INFORMAL)

- I took a great dislike to the clock, so I chucked it in the dustbin.

- That second night, Sid Vicious chucked a bottle at the stage.

VB
= throw

2. chuck chucks chucking chucked
If you chuck your job or some other activity, you stop doing it. (INFORMAL)

- Last summer, he chucked his 10-year career as a London stockbroker and headed for the mountains.

VB

3. chuck chucks in; chucking in; chucked in
If someone chucks it all , they stop doing their job, and usually move somewhere else. In British English you can also say that someone chucks it all up or chucks it all in .

- Almost half the British public think about chucking in their jobs and doing their own thing at least once a month.

- Then I met my husband, and I chucked it all up for him.

- Sometimes I'd like to chuck it all and go fishing.

PHR: V inflects

4. chuck chucks chucking chucked
If your girlfriend or boyfriend chucks you, they end the relationship. (INFORMAL)

- There wasn't a great hoo-ha when I chucked her.

VB

5. chuck chucks
A chuck is a device for holding a tool in a machine such as a drill.
N-COUNT

chuck

verb Informal

throw

cast

fling

heave

hurl

pitch

sling

toss

chuck away **

chuck away chucks away; chucking away; chucked away
If you chuck something away , you throw it away or waste it. (INFORMAL)

- You cannot chuck money away on little luxuries like that.

PHR-V

chuck out **

1. chuck out chucks out; chucking out; chucked out
If you chuck something out , you throw it away, because you do not need it or cannot use it. (INFORMAL)

- Many companies have struggled valiantly to use less energy and chuck out less rubbish.

PHR-V
= throw away

2. chuck out chucks out; chucking out; chucked out
If a person is chucked out of a job, a place, or their home, they are forced by other people to leave. (INFORMAL)

- Any head teacher who made errors like this would be chucked out.

- I was chucked out of my London flat in 1960.

- Her parents are going to chuck her out on the street.

PHR-V

chuckle

[D.J.:ˈtʃʌkl]

[K.K.:ˈtʃʌkəl]

vi.

轻声地笑

chuckle *

1. chuckle chuckles chuckling chuckled
When you chuckle , you laugh quietly.

- The banker chuckled and said, `Of course not.'.

- He chuckled at her forthrightness.

VB

2. chuckle chuckles
Also a noun.

- He gave a little chuckle.

N-COUNT

chuckle

verb

laugh

chortle

crow

exult

giggle

snigger

titter

chuffed

[tʃʌft]

adj.

高兴的,开心的

chuffed

chuffed
If you are chuffed about something, you are very pleased about it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She had just moved into a new house and was pretty chuffed about that.

- I'm chuffed that the boss is staying.

- Naturally I wasn't chuffed. Who would be?

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about/with n, ADJ to-inf, ADJ that

chug

[D.J.:tʃʌɡ]

[K.K.:tʃʌɡ]

vi.

发出(持续而单调的)短声, 发出突突声

n.

(发动机缓慢运转时发出的)突突声

chugging

[ˈtʃʌɡiŋ]

n.

引擎中燃料的间歇性燃烧

chug *

1. chug chugs chugging chugged
When a vehicle chugs somewhere, it goes there slowly, noisily and with difficulty.

- The train chugs down the track.

VB

2. chug
Also a noun.

- In the distance I could hear the chug of farm machinery.

N-SING

chum

[D.J.:tʃʌm]

[K.K.:tʃʌm]

vi.

(与某人)成为好友

n.

好友

chum up with sb.

与某人成为好朋友;结交

chum *

chum chums
Your chum is your friend. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- ...his old chum Anthony.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= pal

chum

noun Informal

friend

companion

comrade

crony

mate informal

pal informal

chummy

[D.J.:ˈtʃʌmi]

[K.K.:ˈtʃʌmi]

adj.

非常友好的

chummy

chummy chummier chummiest
If people or social events are chummy , they are pleasant and friendly. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- Following the performances there were chummy gatherings in the drawing room.

ADJ-GRADED
= friendly

chump

[D.J.:tʃʌmp]

[K.K.:tʃʌmp]

n.

傻瓜,笨蛋

短而厚的木块

chump

chump chumps
If you call someone who you like a chump , you are telling them that they have done something rather stupid or foolish, or that they are always doing stupid things. (INFORMAL)

- The guy's a chump. I could do a better job myself.

N-COUNT disapproval
= idiot

chunk

[D.J.:tʃʌŋk]

[K.K.:tʃʌŋk]

n.

厚厚的一块

(某物)相当大的数量或部分

chunk **

1. chunk chunks
Chunks of something are thick solid pieces of it.

- They had to be careful of floating chunks of ice.

- ...a chunk of meat...

- Cut the melon into chunks.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= lump

2. chunk chunks
A chunk of something is a large amount or large part of it. (INFORMAL)

- The company owns a chunk of farmland near Gatwick Airport.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

chunk

noun

piece

block

dollop informal

hunk

lump

mass

nugget

portion

slab

chunky

[D.J.:ˈtʃʌŋki:]

[K.K.:ˈtʃʌŋki]

adj.

身体短粗的,矮胖的

小块的，厚厚的

chunky *

1. chunky chunkier chunkiest
A chunky person is broad and heavy.

- The soprano was a chunky girl from California.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. chunky chunkier chunkiest
A chunky object is large and thick.

- Her taste in fiction was for chunky historical romances.

- ...a chunky sweater.

- ...chunky jewellery.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

church

[D.J.:tʃə:tʃ]

[K.K.:tʃɚtʃ]

n.

教堂

礼拜仪式; 礼拜

教派, 教会

church ****

1. church churches
A church is a building in which Christians worship. You usually refer to this place as church when you are talking about the time that people spend there.

- ...one of Britain's most historic churches.

- ...St Helen's Church...

- I didn't see you in church on Sunday.

N-VAR

2. church churches
A Church is one of the groups of people within the Christian religion, for example Catholics or Methodists, that have their own beliefs, clergy, and forms of worship.

- ...co-operation with the Catholic Church...

- Church leaders said he was welcome to return.

- ...the separation of church and state.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft adj N, N of n

3. church
You can refer to an organization, group, or area of activity as a broad church when it includes a wide range of opinions, beliefs, or styles.

- The party has responded by trying to become a broad church that appeals to devout pensioners, Munich punks and aerospace engineers.

- It rapidly became apparent that rock'n'roll was a very broad church indeed.

PHR: oft v-link PHR

churchgoer

[D.J.:ˈtʃə:tʃɡəuə]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɚtʃˌɡoɚ]

n.

经常去做礼拜的人

churchgoer

churchgoer churchgoers
A churchgoer is a person who goes to church regularly.
N-COUNT also church-goer .

churchman

[D.J.:ˈtʃə:tʃmən]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɚtʃmən]

n.

牧师,传教士

churchman *

churchman churchmen
A churchman is the same as a clergyman. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

Church of England *

Church of England
The Church of England is the main church in England. It has the Queen as its head and it does not recognize the authority of the Pope.
N-PROPER: the N

church school

church school church schools
A church school is a school which has a special relationship with a particular branch of the Christian church, and where there is strong emphasis on worship and the teaching of religion.
N-COUNT

churchwarden

[D.J.:tʃə:tʃˈwɔ:d(ə)n]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɚtʃˌwɔrdn]

n.

教会委员,陶制的长烟斗

churchwarden

churchwarden churchwardens
In the Anglican Church, a churchwarden is the person who has been chosen by a congregation to help the vicar of a parish with administration and other duties.
N-COUNT

churchyard

[D.J.:ˈtʃə:tʃjɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈtʃɚtʃˌjɑrd]

n.

墓地,境内

churchyard *

churchyard churchyards
A churchyard is an area of land around a church where dead people are buried.
N-COUNT

churlish

[D.J.:ˈtʃɜ:lɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈtʃə..lɪʃ]

adj.

脾气坏的;吝啬的,小气的

无礼的，精鲁的，粗暴的

churlish

churlish
Someone who is churlish is unfriendly, bad-tempered, or impolite.

- She would think him churlish if he refused.

- The room was so lovely it seemed churlish to argue.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf disapproval

churlish

adjective

rude

brusque

harsh

ill-tempered

impolite

sullen

surly

uncivil

churn

[D.J.:tʃɜ:n]

[K.K.:tʃə..n]

n.

奶桶，搅拌桶

搅乳器

vt.

搅拌(牛奶或乳脂)以制黄油

搅动,扰乱某物

vi.

(尤指液体)翻腾

churn sth out

大量生产； 大量炮制

churn sb up

使心神不安(或担忧、害怕、生气)

churn sth up

掀起，搅动(泥土或水)；使…翻腾

churning

n.

搅拌

churning

[ˈtʃə:niŋ]

n.

搅乳,一次提制的奶油

churn *

1. churn churns
A churn is a container which is used for making butter.
N-COUNT: oft n N

2. churn churns churning churned
If something churns water, mud, or dust, it moves it about violently.

- Ferries churn the waters of Howe Sound from Langdale to Horseshoe Bay.

- ...unsurfaced roads now churned into mud by the annual rains.

VB

3. churn up churns up; churning up; churned up
Churn up means the same as churn .

- The recent rain had churned up the waterfall into a muddy whirlpool.

- Occasionally they slap the water with their tails or churn it up in play.

- ...muddy, churned-up ground.

PHR-V

4. churn churns churning churned
If you say that your stomach is churning , you mean that you feel sick. You can also say that something churns your stomach.

- My stomach churned as I stood up.

- I don't enjoy having a churning stomach but if you are going to win tournaments, you must go through it.

V-ERG
= heave

churning

churning
Churning water is moving about violently. (LITERARY)

- ...anything to take our minds off that gap and the brown, churning water below.

ADJ: ADJ n
= swirling

churn

verb

stir up

agitate

beat

convulse

swirl

toss

churn out *

churn out churns out; churning out; churned out
To churn out something means to produce large quantities of it very quickly. (INFORMAL)

- He began to churn out literary compositions in English.

PHR-V
= turn out

chute

[D.J.:ʃu:t]

[K.K.:ʃut]

n.

斜槽, 滑道

降落伞

chute

1. chute chutes
A chute is a steep, narrow slope down which people or things can slide.

- Passengers escaped from the plane's front four exits by sliding down emergency chutes.

N-COUNT: oft n N

2. chute chutes
A chute is a parachute. (INFORMAL)

- You can release the chute with either hand, but it is easier to do it with the left.

N-COUNT
= parachute

chutney

[D.J.:ˈtʃʌtni:]

[K.K.:ˈtʃʌtni]

n.

酸辣酱

chutney

chutney chutneys
Chutney is a cold sauce made from fruit, vinegar, sugar, and spices. It is sold in jars and you eat it with meat or cheese.

- ...mango chutney.

N-MASS

chutzpah

[D.J.:ˈkhutspə]

[K.K.:ˈūʊtspə, ˈhʊt-]

n.

放肆

chutzpah

chutzpah
If you say that someone has chutzpah , you mean that you admire the fact that they are not afraid or embarrassed to do or say things that shock, surprise, or annoy other people.

- Such was his chutzpah that he even persuaded the general to pose in front of a rocket for a snapshot.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) also chutzpa approval
= cheek nerve

CIA

abbr.

the Central Intelligence Agency(美国)中央情报局

CIA **

CIA
The CIA is the government organization in the United States that collects secret information about other countries. CIA is an abbreviation for `Central Intelligence Agency'.
N-PROPER: the N

ciabatta

ciabatta
Ciabatta or ciabatta bread is a type of white Italian bread that is made with olive oil.
N-UNCOUNT

ciao

[D.J.:tʃəu]

[K.K.:tʃaʊ]

int.

〈意〉见面时致意之用语,再见

ciao

ciao
Some people say ` Ciao ' as an informal way of saying goodbye to someone who they expect to see again soon.
CONVENTION formulae
= see you

cicada

[D.J.:siˈkeidə]

[K.K.:sɪˈkedə, -ˈkɑ-]

n.

蝉

cicada

cicada cicadas
A cicada is a large insect that lives in hot countries and makes a loud high-pitched noise.
N-COUNT

CID

abbr.

Commission for International Development 国际开发委员会

CID

abbr.

Commission for International Development 国际开发委员会

CID *

CID
The CID is the branch of the police force in Britain concerned with finding out who has committed crimes. CID is an abbreviation for `Criminal Investigation Department'.
N-PROPER: oft the N

cider

[D.J.:ˈsaɪdə]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdɚ]

n.

苹果酒;苹果汁

cider *

1. cider ciders
Cider is a drink made from apples which in Britain usually contains alcohol. In the United States, cider does not usually contain alcohol, and if it does contain alcohol, it is usually called hard cider .
N-MASS

2. cider ciders
A glass of cider can be referred to as a cider .

- Inside, he ordered a cider, the alcoholic English variety.

N-COUNT

cigar

[D.J.:siˈɡɑ:]

[K.K.:sɪˈɡɑr]

n.

雪茄

cigar *

cigar cigars
Cigars are rolls of dried tobacco leaves which people smoke.

- He was sitting alone smoking a big cigar.

N-COUNT

cigarette

[D.J.:ˌsiɡəˈret]

[K.K.:ˌsɪɡəˈrɛt, ˈsɪɡəˌrɛt]

n.

纸烟, 香烟

cigarette ***

cigarette cigarettes
Cigarettes are small tubes of paper containing tobacco which people smoke.

- He went out to buy a packet of cigarettes.

N-COUNT

cigarette butt

cigarette butt cigarette butts
A cigarette butt or a cigarette end is the part of a cigarette that you throw away when you have finished smoking it.
N-COUNT (BRIT) also cigarette end
= butt stub

cigarette holder

cigarette holder cigarette holders
A cigarette holder is a narrow tube that you can put a cigarette into in order to hold it while you smoke it.

- He puffed constantly through an elegant cigarette holder.

N-COUNT also cigarette-holder .

cigarette lighter

cigarette lighter cigarette lighters
A cigarette lighter is a device which produces a small flame when you press a switch and which you use to light a cigarette or cigar.
N-COUNT
= lighter

ciggy

[ˈsiɡi]

n.

〈口〉香烟(cigarette的缩略)

ciggy

ciggy ciggies
A ciggy is a cigarette. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also ciggie .

C-in-C

abbr.

commander in chief 总司令;大元帅;统帅

C-in-C

abbr.

commander in chief 总司令；大元帅；统帅

C-in-C

C-in-C
A C-in-C is the same as a commander-in-chief .
N-SING

cinch

[D.J.:sɪntʃ]

[K.K.:sɪntʃ]

n.

容易做的事情

必然发生的事

cinch

cinch
If you say that something is a cinch , you mean that you think it is very easy to do. (INFORMAL)

- It sounds difficult, but compared to full-time work it was a cinch.

N-SING: a N
= doddle

cinder block

cinder block cinder blocks
A cinder block is a large grey brick made from coal cinders and cement which is used for building. (AM; in BRIT use breeze-block )
N-COUNT: oft N n also cinderblock .

Cinderella

[D.J.:ˌsindəˈrelə]

[K.K.:ˌsɪndəˈrɛlə]

n.

灰姑娘（"水晶鞋与玫瑰花"中的女主人公）

Cinderella

Cinderella Cinderellas
If you describe a person or organization as a Cinderella , you mean that they receive very little attention and that they deserve to receive more.

- It is a Cinderella among charities, and still needs more help.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N n

cinders

焦渣跑道

cinders

cinders
Cinders are the black pieces that are left after something such as wood or coal has burned away.

- The wind sent sparks and cinders flying.

N-PLURAL
= embers

cine

[ˈsini]

n.

电影,电影院

cine

cine
Cine is used to refer to things that are used in or connected with the making or showing of films.

- Transferring cine film or slides to video should be a doddle.

- ...a cine camera.

- ...a cine projector.

ADJ: ADJ n

cinema

[D.J.:ˈsinəmə]

[K.K.:ˈsɪnəmə]

n.

电影院

电影艺术; 电影业

cinema ***

1. cinema cinemas
A cinema is a place where people go to watch films for entertainment. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use movie theater or movie house )

- The country has relatively few cinemas.

N-COUNT

2. cinema
You can talk about the cinema when you are talking about seeing a film in a cinema. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use the movies )

- I can't remember the last time we went to the cinema.

- They decided to spend an evening at the cinema.

N-SING: the N

3. cinema
Cinema is the business and art of making films.

- Contemporary African cinema has much to offer in its vitality and freshness.

- ...in the early days of cinema.

N-UNCOUNT
= film

cinema

noun

films

big screen informal

flicks slang

motion pictures

movies

pictures

cinematic

[ˌsiniˈmætik]

adj.

电影的, 影片的

cinematic *

cinematic
Cinematic means relating to films made for the cinema.

- ...a genuine cinematic masterpiece.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

cinematographer

[D.J.:ˌsiniməˈtɔɡrəfə]

[K.K.:ˌsɪnəməˈtɑɡrəfɚ]

n.

电影摄影技师,放映技师

cinematographer

cinematographer cinematographers
A cinematographer is a person who decides what filming techniques should be used during the shooting of a film.
N-COUNT

cinematography

[D.J.:ˌsiniməˈtɔɡrəfi]

[K.K.:ˌsɪnəməˈtɑɡrəfi]

n.

电影术

cinematography

cinematography
Cinematography is the technique of making films for the cinema.

- ...an admirer of Arthur Jafa's breathtaking cinematography.

N-UNCOUNT

cinnamon

[D.J.:ˈsinəmən]

[K.K.:ˈsɪnəmən]

n.

桂皮

肉桂

cinnamon *

cinnamon
Cinnamon is a sweet spice used for flavouring food.
N-UNCOUNT

cipher

[D.J.:ˈsaɪfə]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪfɚ]

n.

密码

零

不重要的人,无价值的东西

vt.

用密码书写

cipher

1. cipher ciphers
A cipher is a secret system of writing that you use to send messages.

- They cracked the cipher.

- ...a cipher clerk.

N-COUNT also cypher .
= code

2. cipher ciphers
If you describe someone as a cipher , you mean that they have no power and are used by other people to achieve a particular purpose.

- He was little more than a cipher who faithfully carried out the Fuehrer's commands.

N-COUNT also cypher .
= nobody

cipher

noun

1.

code

cryptograph

2.

nobody

nonentity

circa

[D.J.:ˈsə:kə]

[K.K.:ˈsɚkə]

prep.

(与日期连用)大约

circa *

circa
Circa is used in front of a particular year to say that this is the approximate date when something happened or was made. (FORMAL)

- The story tells of a runaway slave girl in Louisiana, circa 1850.

PREP
= around

circle

[D.J.:ˈsə:kl]

[K.K.:ˈsɚkəl]

n.

圆, 圆周; 圈, 环状物

圈子, 界, 社会, 集团

vt.

圈出, 围绕

vt. & vi.

环绕; 盘旋

circled

均衡的

circling

[ˈsə:kliŋ]

n.

(马术)环骑

circle ****

1. circle circles
A circle is a shape consisting of a curved line completely surrounding an area. Every part of the line is the same distance from the centre of the area.

- The flag was red, with a large white circle in the center.

- I wrote down the number 46 and drew a circle around it.

N-COUNT
= ring

2. circle circles
A circle of something is a round flat piece or area of it.

- Cut out 4 circles of pastry.

- ...a circle of yellow light.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= ring

3. circle circles
A circle of objects or people is a group of them arranged in the shape of a circle.

- The monument consists of a circle of gigantic stones.

- We stood in a circle holding hands.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= ring

4. circle circles circling circled
If something circles an object or place, or circles around it, it forms a circle around it.

- This is the ring road that circles the city.

- ...the long curving driveway that circled around the vast clipped lawn.

VB
= encircle

5. circle circles circling circled
If an aircraft or a bird circles or circles something, it moves round in a circle in the air.

- The plane circled, awaiting permission to land.

- There were two helicopters circling around.

- ...like a hawk circling prey.

VB

6. circle circles circling circled
To circle around someone or something, or to circle them, means to move around them.

- Emily kept circling around her mother.

- The silent wolves would track and circle them.

VB
= go round

7. circle circles circling circled
If you circle something on a piece of paper, you draw a circle around it.

- Circle the correct answers on the coupon below.

VB
= ring

8. circle circles
You can refer to a group of people as a circle when they meet each other regularly because they are friends or because they belong to the same profession or share the same interests.

- He has a small circle of friends.

- Alton has made himself fiercely unpopular in certain circles.

N-COUNT: with supp

9. circle
In a theatre or cinema, the circle is an area of seats on the upper floor.
N-SING: the N

10. circle
If you say that you have come full circle or have turned full circle , you mean that after a long series of events or changes the same situation that you started with still exists.

- We've come full circle and dark-blue jeans are once again the height of style.

PHR: V inflects

11. circle
If you say that someone is going round in circles or around in circles , you mean that they are not achieving anything because they keep coming back to the same point or problem.
PHR: V inflects
≠ progress

circle

noun

1.

ring

disc

globe

orb

sphere

2.

group

clique

club

company

coterie

set

society

verb

3.

go round

circumnavigate

circumscribe

encircle

enclose

envelop

ring

surround

circuit

[D.J.:ˈsə:kit]

[K.K.:ˈsɚkɪt]

n.

电路, 线路

环行, 环行道

circuit ***

1. circuit circuits
An electrical circuit is a complete route which an electric current can flow around.

- Any attempts to cut through the cabling will break the electrical circuit.

N-COUNT
See also closed circuit , short-circuit .

2. circuit circuits
A circuit is a series of places that are visited regularly by a person or group, especially as a part of their job.

- He joined the professional circuit.

- It's a common problem, the one I'm asked about most when I'm on the lecture circuit.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

3. circuit circuits
A racing circuit is a track on which cars, motorbikes, or cycles race. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

4. circuit circuits
A circuit of a place or area is a journey all the way round it. (FORMAL)

- She made a slow circuit of the room.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

circuit

noun

course

journey

lap

orbit

revolution

route

tour

track

circuit board

circuit board circuit boards
A circuit board is the same as a printed circuit board .
N-COUNT

circuit breaker

circuit breaker circuit breakers
A circuit breaker is a device which can stop the flow of electricity around a circuit by switching itself off if anything goes wrong.

- There is an internal circuit breaker to protect the instrument from overload.

N-COUNT also circuit-breaker .

circuitous

[D.J.:səˈkju:ɪtəs]

[K.K.:sɚˈkjuɪtəs]

adj.

迂回的;绕行的

circuitous

circuitous
A circuitous route is long and complicated rather than simple and direct. (FORMAL)

- They were taken on a circuitous route, from mainland China through Hong Kong to Europe and then to Panama.

- Stuart came into film-making via a circuitous route.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= roundabout

circuitous

adjective

indirect

labyrinthine

meandering

oblique

rambling

roundabout

tortuous

winding

circuitry

[D.J.:ˈsə:kitri]

[K.K.:ˈsɚkɪtri]

n.

电路,线路

circuitry

circuitry
Circuitry is a system of electric circuits.

- The computer's entire circuitry was on a single board.

N-UNCOUNT

circuit training

circuit training
Circuit training is a type of physical training in which you do a series of different exercises, each for a few minutes.

- I do circuit training once a week.

N-UNCOUNT

circular

[D.J.:ˈsə:kjulə]

[K.K.:ˈsɚkjəlɚ]

adj.

圆形的, 环形的; 循环的

n.

通知, 通告

circulars

街招

circular **

1. circular
Something that is circular is shaped like a circle.

- ...a circular hole twelve feet wide and two feet deep...

- Place your hands on your shoulders and move your elbows up, back, and down, in a circular motion.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
See also semi-circular .

2. circular
A circular journey or route is one in which you go to a place and return by a different route.

- Both sides of the river can be explored on this circular walk.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. circular
A circular argument or theory is not valid because it uses a statement to prove something which is then used to prove the statement.
ADJ-GRADED

4. circular circulars
A circular is an official letter or advertisement that is sent to a large number of people at the same time.

- The proposal has been widely publicised in BBC-TV press information circulars sent to 1,800 newspapers.

N-COUNT

circular

adjective

1.

round

ring-shaped

rotund

spherical

2.

orbital

circuitous

cyclical

noun

3.

advertisement

notice

circular saw

circular saw circular saws
A circular saw is a round metal disk with a sharp edge which is used for cutting wood and other materials. (BRIT; in AM use buzzsaw )
N-COUNT

circulate

[D.J.:ˈsə:kjuleit]

[K.K.:ˈsɚkjəˌlet]

vt. & vi.

(使)循环, (使)流通

(使)流传, 散布, 传播

circulating

[ˈsə:kjuleitiŋ]

adj.,n.

循环(的),流通(的)

circulation

[D.J.:ˌsə:kjuˈleiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɚkjəˈleʃən]

n.

流通, 循环

流通, 传播

发行量

circulate **

1. circulate circulates circulating circulated
If a piece of writing circulates or is circulated , copies of it are passed round among a group of people.

- The document was previously circulated in New York at the United Nations.

- Public employees, teachers and liberals are circulating a petition for his recall.

- This year anonymous leaflets have been circulating in Peking.

V-ERG

2. circulation

- ...an inquiry into the circulation of `unacceptable literature'.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n

3. circulate circulates circulating circulated
If something such as a rumour circulates or is circulated , the people in a place tell it to each other.

- Rumours were already beginning to circulate that the project might have to be abandoned.

- I deeply resented those sort of rumours being circulated at a time of deeply personal grief.

V-ERG
= spread

4. circulate circulates circulating circulated
When something circulates , it moves easily and freely within a closed place or system.

- ...a virus which circulates via the bloodstream and causes ill health in a variety of organs...

- Cooking odors can circulate throughout the entire house.

VB

5. circulation

- The north pole is warmer than the south and the circulation of air around it is less well contained.

- ...the principle of free circulation of goods.

N-UNCOUNT

6. circulate circulates circulating circulated
If you circulate at a party, you move among the guests and talk to different people.

- Let me get you something to drink, then I must circulate.

VB

circulation **

1. circulation circulations
The circulation of a newspaper or magazine is the number of copies that are sold each time it is produced.

- The Daily News once had the highest circulation of any daily in the country.

- The paper has proved unable to maintain its circulation figures.

N-COUNT: with supp

2. circulation
Your circulation is the movement of blood through your body.

- Anyone with heart, lung or circulation problems should seek medical advice before flying.

- ...cold spots in the fingers caused by poor circulation.

N-UNCOUNT

3. circulation
If something such as money is in circulation , it is being used by the public. If something is out of circulation or has been withdrawn from circulation , it is no longer available for use by the public.

- The supply of money in circulation was drastically reduced overnight.

- ...a society like America, with perhaps 180 million guns in circulation.

- ...the decision to take 50 and 100 ruble bills out of circulation.

PHR

4. circulation
If someone is out of circulation , they do not appear in public or at social gatherings for a period of time. You can also say that someone is out of circulation when they are in prison.

- Political trials were being used to keep prominent activists out of circulation.

- I had been out of circulation for a month and knew that many friends would be there.

PHR

circulate

verb

1.

spread

broadcast

disseminate

distribute

issue

make known

promulgate

publicize

publish

2.

flow

gyrate

radiate

revolve

rotate

circulation

noun

1.

bloodstream

2.

flow

circling

motion

rotation

3.

distribution

currency

dissemination

spread

transmission

circulatory

[D.J.:ˈsɜ:kjələˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:]

[K.K.:ˈsə..kjələˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

(血液或汁液)循环的

circulatory

circulatory
Circulatory means relating to the circulation of blood in the body. (MEDICAL)

- ...the human circulatory system.

ADJ: ADJ n

circumcise

[D.J.:ˈsə:kəmsaiz]

[K.K.:ˈsɚkəmˌsaɪz]

vt.

〈医〉割除…包皮(由于宗教或健康理由)

circumcision

[D.J.:ˌsə:kəmˈsiʒən]

[K.K.:ˌsɚkəmˈsɪʒən]

n.

割礼,包皮环切(术);(身心)净化

circumcise *

1. circumcise circumcises circumcising circumcised
If a boy or man is circumcised , the loose skin at the end of his penis is cut off.

- He had been circumcised within eight days of birth as required by Jewish law.

VB: usu passive

2. circumcision

- Jews and Moslems practise circumcision for religious reasons.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

3. circumcise circumcises circumcising circumcised
In some cultures, if a girl or woman is circumcised , her clitoris is cut or cut off.

- An estimated number of 90 to 100 million women around the world living today have been circumcised.

VB: usu passive

4. circumcision

- ...a campaigner against female circumcision.

N-UNCOUNT

circumference

[D.J.:səˈkʌmfərəns]

[K.K.:sɚˈkʌmfərəns]

n.

周围;圆周

circumference

1. circumference
The circumference of a circle, place, or round object is the distance around its edge.

- ...a scientist calculating the earth's circumference...

- The island is 3.5 km in circumference.

N-UNCOUNT

2. circumference
The circumference of a circle, place, or round object is its edge.

- Cut the salmon into long strips and wrap it round the circumference of the bread.

N-UNCOUNT

circumference

noun

boundary

border

edge

extremity

limits

outline

perimeter

periphery

rim

circumflex

[D.J.:ˈsə:kəmfleks]

[K.K.:ˈsɚkəmˌflɛks]

n.

(加在元音字母上的)音调符号

circumflex

circumflex circumflexes
A circumflex or a circumflex accent is a symbol written over a vowel in French and other languages, usually to indicate that it should be pronounced longer than usual. It is used for example in the word `rôle'.
N-COUNT

circumlocution

[D.J.:ˌsɜ:kəmləʊˈkju:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsə..kəmloˈkjuʃən]

n.

迂回的话语

托词,推诿的话

累赘的话;累赘的说法

circumlocutory

adj.

circumlocutory

adj.

(行文说话等)委婉曲折的,迂回的

circumlocution

circumlocution circumlocutions
A circumlocution is a way of saying or writing something using more words than are necessary instead of being clear and direct. (FORMAL)

- It was always when you most wanted a direct answer that Greenfield came up with a circumlocution.

N-VAR

circumnavigate

[D.J.:ˌsə:kəmˈnæviɡeit]

[K.K.:ˌsɚkəmˈnævɪˌɡet]

vt.

环航

circumnavigation

n.

世界一周旅行,周游世界

circumnavigate

1. circumnavigate circumnavigates circumnavigating circumnavigated
If someone circumnavigates the world or an island, they sail all the way around it. (FORMAL)

- For this year at least, our race to circumnavigate the globe in less than 80 days is over.

VB

2. circumnavigation circumnavigations

- He married in Fiji during a two-year circumnavigation of the globe in his yacht, Surma.

N-VAR: oft N of n

circumscribe

[D.J.:ˈsɜ:kəmˌskraɪb]

[K.K.:ˈsə..kəmˌskraɪb]

vt.

在…周围划线

划定…范围;限制,限定

circumscription

n.

circumscription

[D.J.:ˌsə:kəmˈskripʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɚkəmˈskrɪpʃən]

n.

界限

circumscribe

circumscribe circumscribes circumscribing circumscribed
If someone's power or freedom is circumscribed , it is limited or restricted. (FORMAL)

- The army evidently fears that, under him, its activities would be severely circumscribed.

- There are laws circumscribing the right of individual citizens to cause bodily harm to others.

VB
= limit

circumspect

[D.J.:ˈsɜ:kəmˌspekt]

[K.K.:ˈsə..kəmˌspɛkt]

adj.

谨慎小心的,周到的

circumspection

n.

circumspectly

adv.

circumspection

[D.J.:ˌsə:kəmˈspekʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɚkəmˈspɛkʃən]

n.

细心,慎重

circumspectly

adv.

慎重地,留心地

circumspect

1. circumspect
If you are circumspect , you are cautious in what you do and say and do not take risks. (FORMAL)

- The banks should have been more circumspect in their dealings.

- You seem to be implying, in your usual circumspect manner, that perhaps it might not be a wonderful idea.

ADJ-GRADED
= cautious careful ≠ reckless

2. circumspectly

- I would suggest that for the time being you behave as circumspectly as possible in political matters.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
= cautiously ≠ recklessly

circumspection

circumspection
Circumspection is cautious behaviour and a refusal to take risks. (FORMAL)

- The angry man would have to be handled with circumspection.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with N
= caution care

circumstance

[D.J.:ˈsə:kəmstəns]

[K.K.:ˈsɚkəmˌstæns]

n.

环境, 条件, 情况

境遇, 经济状况

circumstance ***

1. circumstance circumstances
The circumstances of a particular situation are the conditions which affect what happens.

- Recent opinion polls show that 60 percent favor abortion under certain circumstances.

- The strategy was too dangerous in the explosive circumstances of the times.

- I wish we could have met under happier circumstances.

N-COUNT: usu pl, with supp

2. circumstance circumstances
The circumstances of an event are the way it happened or the causes of it.

- I'm making inquiries about the circumstances of Mary Dean's murder.

- Hundreds of people had died there in terrible circumstances during and after the revolution.

N-PLURAL: with supp, oft the N of n

3. circumstance circumstances
Your circumstances are the conditions of your life, especially the amount of money that you have.

- ...help and support for the single mother, whatever her circumstances...

- I wouldn't have expected to find you in such comfortable circumstances.

N-PLURAL: usu with poss
= situation

4. circumstance
Events and situations which cannot be controlled are sometimes referred to as circumstance .

- There are those, you know, who, by circumstance, end up homeless.

- You might say that we've been victims of circumstance.

N-UNCOUNT

5. circumstance
You can emphasize that something must not or will not happen by saying that it must not or will not happen under any circumstances .

- Racism is wholly unacceptable under any circumstances.

- She made it clear that under no circumstances would she cancel the trip.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

6. circumstance
You can use in the circumstances or under the circumstances before or after a statement to indicate that you have considered the conditions affecting the situation before making the statement.

- Under the circumstances, a crash was unavoidable.

- In the circumstances, Paisley's plans looked highly appropriate.

PHR: PHR with cl

circumstance

noun

event

accident

condition

contingency

happening

incident

occurrence

particular

respect

situation

circumstances

plural noun

situation

means

position

state

state of affairs

station

status

circumstantial

[D.J.:ˌsə:kəmˈstænʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌsɚkəmˈstænʃəl]

adj.

(指描述)详细的

(指证据)有充分细节却无法证实的

circumstantial

1. circumstantial
Circumstantial evidence is evidence that makes it seem likely that something happened, but does not prove it. (FORMAL)

- Fast work by the police in Birmingham had started producing circumstantial evidence.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. circumstantial
Something that is circumstantial is related to a particular circumstance. (FORMAL)

- The reasons for the project collapsing were circumstantial.

ADJ

circumvent

[D.J.:ˌsɜ:kəmˈvent]

[K.K.:ˌsə..kəmˈvɛnt]

vt.

设法克服或避免(某事物);回避

circumvention

n.

陷害,欺骗

circumvent *

1. circumvent circumvents circumventing circumvented
If someone circumvents a rule or restriction, they avoid having to obey the rule or restriction, in a clever and perhaps dishonest way. (FORMAL)

- Military planners tried to circumvent the treaty.

VB
= get round

2. circumvention

- America won't countenance any such circumvention of the sanctions.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. circumvent circumvents circumventing circumvented
If you circumvent someone, you cleverly prevent them from achieving something, especially when they are trying to harm you. (FORMAL)

- Roosevelt occasionally attempted to circumvent him.

VB
= outwit

circus

[D.J.:ˈsə:kəs]

[K.K.:ˈsɚkəs]

n.

马戏, 马戏团

喧闹的场面

环形广场

circus **

1. circus circuses
A circus is a group that consists of clowns, acrobats, and animals which travels around to different places and performs shows.

- My real ambition was to work in a circus.

- ...circus performers.

N-COUNT

2. circus
The circus is the show performed by these people.

- My dad took me to the circus.

N-SING: the N

3. circus
If you describe a group of people or an event as a circus , you disapprove of them because they attract a lot of attention but do not achieve anything useful.

- It could well turn into some kind of a media circus.

- ...the travelling circus of political journalists.

N-SING disapproval

4. circus
Circus is sometimes used as part of the name of a street which goes in a circle. (BRIT)

- ...Piccadilly Circus.

N-IN-NAMES: n N

cirrhosis

[D.J.:siˈrəusis]

[K.K.:sɪˈrosɪs]

n.

〈医〉肝硬化

cirrhosis

cirrhosis
Cirrhosis or cirrhosis of the liver is a disease which destroys a person's liver and which can kill them. It is often caused by drinking too much alcohol.
N-UNCOUNT

cistern

[D.J.:ˈsɪstən]

[K.K.:ˈsɪstən]

n.

蓄水池,储水箱

地下储水池

cistern

1. cistern cisterns
A cistern is a container which stores the water supply for a building, or that holds the water for flushing a toilet. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use tank )
N-COUNT
= tank

2. cistern cisterns
A cistern is a container for storing rain water. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use water butt )
N-COUNT

cistern

noun

tank

basin

reservoir

sink

vat

citadel

[D.J.:ˈsɪtədəl, -ˌdel]

[K.K.:ˈsɪtədəl, -ˌdɛl]

n.

城堡,堡垒

citadel *

1. citadel citadels
In the past, a citadel was a strong building in or near a city, where people could shelter for safety.

- The citadel at Besan¸con towered above the river.

N-COUNT
= fortress

2. citadel citadels
If you describe a system or organization as a citadel of a particular way of life, usually one you disapprove of, you mean that it is powerful and effective in defending that way of life. (FORMAL)

- The EC has become a citadel of highly regulated business from which Britain is right to stand apart.

N-COUNT: usu N of n disapproval
= bastion stronghold

citadel

noun

fortress

bastion

fortification

keep

stronghold

tower

citation

[D.J.:saiˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:saɪˈteʃən]

n.

引用, 引证; 引文

表扬, 嘉奖

citation *

1. citation citations
A citation is an official document or speech which praises a person for something brave or special that they have done.

- His citation says he showed outstanding and exemplary courage.

N-COUNT

2. citation citations
A citation from a book or other piece of writing is a passage or phrase from it.
N-COUNT
= quotation

3. citation citations
A citation is the same as a summons . (AM)

- The court could issue a citation and fine Ms. Robbins.

N-COUNT

cite

[D.J.:sait]

[K.K.:saɪt]

vt.

引用, 举例

表彰, 嘉奖

传唤, 传讯

citing

引用,引证,举例

cite ***

1. cite cites citing cited
If you cite something, you quote it or mention it, especially as an example or proof of what you are saying. (FORMAL)

- She cites a favourite poem by George Herbert.

- He cites just one example.

- I am merely citing his reaction as typical of British industry.

- Spain was cited as the most popular holiday destination.

VB

2. cite cites citing cited
To cite a person means to officially name them in a legal case. To cite a reason or cause means to state it as the official reason for your case.

- They cited Alex's refusal to return to the marital home.

- Three admirals and a top Navy civilian will be cited for failing to act on reports of sexual assaults.

VB

3. cite cites citing cited
If someone is cited , they are officially ordered to appear before a court. (LEGAL) (AM; in BRIT use be summonsed )

- The judge ruled a mistrial and cited the prosecutors for outrageous misconduct.

VB

cite

verb

quote

adduce

advance

allude to

enumerate

extract

mention

name

specify

citizen

[D.J.:ˈsitizən]

[K.K.:ˈsɪtɪzən]

n.

公民, 国民

市民, 平民

citizen ****

1. citizen citizens
Someone who is a citizen of a particular country is legally accepted as belonging to that country.

- ...American citizens...

- The life of ordinary citizens began to change.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. citizen citizens
The citizens of a town or city are the people who live there.

- ...the citizens of Buenos Aires.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

citizen

noun

inhabitant

denizen

dweller

resident

subject

townsman

citizenry

[D.J.:ˈsitiz(ə)nri]

[K.K.:ˈsɪtɪzənri]

n.

公民成市民(集合称)

citizenry

citizenry
The people living in a country, state, or city can be referred to as the citizenry . (AM; ALSO BRIT, FORMAL)

- He used the medium of radio when he wanted to enlist public support or reassure the citizenry.

- I think we lack a citizenry that is adequately willing to take responsibility.

N-SING-COLL

Citizens' Band

Citizens' Band
Citizens' Band is a range of radio frequencies which the general public is allowed to use to send messages to each other. It is used especially by truck drivers and other drivers who use radio sets in their vehicles. The abbreviation CB is often used.

- ...citizens' band radios.

N-PROPER: oft N n

citizenship

[D.J.:ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp]

[K.K.:ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp]

n.

公民的权利与义务;公民权;市民权

公民(或市民)身份

个人的品德表现

citizenship *

1. citizenship
If you have citizenship of a country, you are legally accepted as belonging to it.

- After 15 years in the USA, he has finally decided to apply for American citizenship.

- Only people who can trace their family history in Kuwait back before 1920 are entitled to citizenship.

N-UNCOUNT: oft adj N

2. citizenship
Citizenship is the fact of belonging to a community because you live in it, and the duties and responsibilities that this brings.

- Their German peers had a more developed sense of citizenship.

N-UNCOUNT

citric acid

citric acid
Citric acid is a weak acid found in many kinds of fruit, especially citrus fruit such as oranges and lemons.
N-UNCOUNT

citrus

[D.J.:ˈsɪtrəs]

[K.K.:ˈsɪtrəs]

n.

柑橘属果树

citrus *

citrus
A citrus fruit is a juicy fruit with a sharp taste such as an orange, lemon, or grapefruit.

- ...citrus groves.

ADJ: ADJ n

city

[D.J.:ˈsiti]

[K.K.:ˈsɪti]

n.

城市, 都市, 市

全市居民, 全城居民

city *****

city cities
A city is a large town.

- ...the city of Bologna.

- ...a busy city centre.

N-COUNT

city

noun

town

conurbation

metropolis

municipality

City ****

City
The City is the part of London where many important financial institutions have their main offices. People often refer to these financial institutions as the City .

- ...a foreign bank in the City...

- The City fears that profits could fall.

N-PROPER: the N

city centre

city centre city centres
The city centre is the busiest part of a city, where most of the shops and businesses are. (mainly BRIT)

- There is high demand for city centre offices.

N-COUNT: oft the N

city fathers

city fathers
You can refer to the members of a city council or city's government as the city fathers .

- The city fathers in Birmingham would say we have no future in the twenty-first century as a major metal manufacturer.

N-PLURAL also City Fathers .

city hall *

city hall
The city hall is the building which a city council uses as its main offices.

- There were speeches outside the City Hall.

- ...at Sheffield City Hall.

N-COUNT; N-PROPER also City Hall .

city slicker

city slicker city slickers
If you refer to someone as a city slicker , you mean that they live and work in a city and are used to city life. (INFORMAL)

- ...the city slickers in the capital.

N-COUNT

civic

[D.J.:ˈsɪvɪk]

[K.K.:ˈsɪvɪk]

adj.

城市的

公民的,市民的

civic **

1. civic
You use civic to describe people or things that have an official status in a town or city.

- ...the businessmen and civic leaders of Manchester.

- ...Bromley Civic Centre.

ADJ: ADJ n
= municipal

2. civic
You use civic to describe the duties or feelings that people have because they belong to a particular community.

- ...a sense of civic pride.

ADJ: ADJ n

civic

adjective

public

communal

local

municipal

civics

[D.J.:ˈsiviks]

[K.K.:ˈsɪvɪks]

n.

公民

civics

civics
Civics is the study of the rights and duties of the citizens of a society. (mainly AM)

- ...my high-school civics class.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

civil

[D.J.:ˈsivl]

[K.K.:ˈsɪvəl]

adj.

公民的, 平民的; 非军职的, 非宗教的; 国民间的, 民用的

民事的, 民法的

文明的, 有教养的

civility

[D.J.:sɪˈvɪlɪti:]

[K.K.:sɪˈvɪlɪti]

n.

礼貌,客气

礼仪,客套

civilly

[ˈsivili]

adv.

谦恭地,民法上

civil ****

1. civil
You use civil to describe events that happen within a country and that involve the different groups of people in it.

- ...civil unrest.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. civil
You use civil to describe people or things in a country that are not connected with its armed forces.

- ...the US civil aviation industry.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ military

3. civil
You use civil to describe things that are connected with the state rather than with a religion.

- They were married on August 9 in a civil ceremony in Venice.

- ...Jewish civil and religious law.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ religious

4. civil
You use civil to describe the rights that people have within a society.

- ...a United Nations covenant on civil and political rights.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. civil
Someone who is civil is polite in a formal way, but not particularly friendly. (FORMAL)

- As visitors, the least we can do is be civil to the people in their own land.

ADJ-GRADED
= polite

6. civilly

- The man nodded civilly to Sharpe, then consulted a notebook.

ADV-GRADED

7. civility

- ...civility to underlings.

N-UNCOUNT

civil

adjective

1.

civic

domestic

municipal

political

2.

polite

affable

courteous

obliging

refined

urbane

well-mannered

civil defence *

civil defence
Civil defence is the organization and training of the ordinary people in a country so that they can help the armed forces, medical services, or police force, for example if the country is attacked by an enemy.

- ...a series of civil defence exercises.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n (AM) civil defense

civil disobedience

civil disobedience
Civil disobedience is the refusal by ordinary people in a country to obey laws or pay taxes, usually as a protest.

- The opposition threatened a campaign of civil disobedience.

N-UNCOUNT

civil engineer

civil engineer civil engineers
A civil engineer is a person who plans, designs, and constructs roads, bridges, harbours, and public buildings.
N-COUNT

civil engineering

civil engineering
Civil engineering is the planning, design, and building of roads, bridges, harbours, and public buildings.

- The Channel Tunnel project is the biggest civil engineering project in Europe.

N-UNCOUNT

civilian

[D.J.:siˈviljən]

[K.K.:sɪˈvɪljən]

n.

平民, 百姓

civilian ***

1. civilian civilians
In a military situation, a civilian is anyone who is not a member of the armed forces.

- The safety of civilians caught up in the fighting must be guaranteed.

N-COUNT

2. civilian
In a military situation, civilian is used to describe people or things that are not military.

- ...the country's civilian population.

- ...civilian casualties.

- ...a soldier in civilian clothes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ military

civilization

[D.J.:ˌsivilaiˈzeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeʃən]

n.

文明, 文化

civilization **

1. civilization civilizations
A civilization is a human society with its own social organization and culture.

- The ancient civilizations of Central and Latin America were founded upon corn.

- It seemed to him that western civilization was in grave economic and cultural danger.

N-VAR (BRIT) also civilisation

2. civilization
Civilization is the state of having an advanced level of social organization and a comfortable way of life.

- ...our advanced state of civilisation.

N-UNCOUNT (BRIT) also civilisation

3. civilization
You can refer to a place where you can enjoy the comforts that you consider to be necessary as civilization .

- ...when I returned to civilization.

N-UNCOUNT (BRIT) also civilisation

civilization

noun

1.

culture

advancement

cultivation

development

education

enlightenment

progress

refinement

sophistication

2.

society

community

nation

people

polity

civilize

[D.J.:ˈsivilaiz]

[K.K.:ˈsɪvəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使文明, 使开化

civilized

[D.J.:ˈsɪvəˌlaɪzd]

[K.K.:ˈsɪvəˌlaɪzd]

adj.

文明的,非野蛮的

有礼貌的,有教养的

civilize *

civilize civilizes civilizing civilized
To civilize a person or society means to educate them and improve their way of life.

- ...a comedy about a man who tries to civilise a woman -- but she ends up civilising him...

- It exerts a civilizing influence on mankind.

VB (BRIT) also civilise

civilized *

1. civilized
If you describe a society as civilized , you mean that it is advanced and has sensible laws and customs.

- I believed that in civilized countries, torture had ended long ago.

ADJ-GRADED (BRIT) also civilised approval
≠ barbaric

2. civilized
If you describe a person or their behaviour as civilized , you mean that they are polite and reasonable.

- I wrote to my ex-wife. She was very civilised about it.

ADJ-GRADED (BRIT) also civilised

civilize

verb

cultivate

educate

enlighten

refine

sophisticate

tame

civilized

adjective

cultured

educated

enlightened

humane

polite

sophisticated

tolerant

urbane

civil law

civil law
Civil law is the part of a country's set of laws which is concerned with the private affairs of citizens, for example marriage and property ownership, rather than with crime.
N-UNCOUNT: oft the N
≠ criminal law

civil liberties *

civil liberties
A person's civil liberties are the rights they have to say, think, and do what they want as long as they respect other people's rights.

- ...his commitment to human rights and civil liberties.

- ...civil liberty campaigners.

N-PLURAL The form civil liberty is used as a modifier
= human rights

Civil List

Civil List
The Civil List is money paid by the state every year to members of the British Royal Family to cover their living expenses.

- She gets £230,000 from the Civil List.

N-PROPER: the N

civil rights **

civil rights
Civil rights are the rights that people have in a society to equal treatment and equal opportunities, whatever their race, sex, or religion.

- ...the civil rights movement.

- ...violations of civil rights.

N-PLURAL: oft N n

civil servant **

civil servant civil servants
A civil servant is a person who works in the Civil Service in Britain and some other countries, or for the local, state, or federal government in the United States.

- ...two senior civil servants.

N-COUNT

Civil Service *

Civil Service
The Civil Service of a country consists of its government departments and all the people who work in them. In many countries, the departments concerned with military and legal affairs are not part of the Civil Service.

- ...a job in the Civil Service.

N-SING: usu the N also civil service

civil war ***

civil war civil wars
A civil war is a war which is fought between different groups of people who live in the same country.

- ...the Spanish Civil War.

N-COUNT

civvies

[D.J.:ˈsiviz]

[K.K.:ˈsɪviz]

n.

便服,平民

civvies

civvies
People in the armed forces use civvies to refer to ordinary clothes that are not part of a uniform. (INFORMAL)

- They might have been soldiers in civvies.

N-PLURAL: oft in N

civvy street

civvy street
People in the armed forces use civvy street to refer to life and work which is not connected with the armed forces. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- If they were in civvy street they would be compensated anyway.

N-UNCOUNT: usu prep N

cl

abbr.

Chile智利

Center-line 中心线

cl

abbr.

Chile智利

Center-line 中心线

cl

cl
cl is a written abbreviation for centilitre .

- ...two 75cl bottles of quality wine.

clack

[D.J.:klæk]

[K.K.:klæk]

v.

噼啪响

n.

噼啪声

clack

1. clack clacks clacking clacked
If things clack or if you clack them, they make a short loud noise, especially when they hit each other.

- The windshield wipers clacked back and forth.

- Once, he clacked one ski hard against the other and almost tripped.

V-ERG

2. clack
Also a noun.

- ...listening to the clack of her shoes on the stairs...

- Her bracelets were going clack-clack-clack, she was shaking so hard.

N-SING; SOUND

clad

[D.J.:klæd]

[K.K.:klæd]

adj.

穿衣的

覆盖的

clad *

1. clad
If you are clad in particular clothes, you are wearing them. (LITERARY)

- ...the figure of a woman, clad in black...

- Johnson was clad casually in slacks and a light blue golf shirt.

- ...posters of scantily-clad women.

ADJ: v-link ADJ in n, adv ADJ

2. clad
Also a combining form.

- ...the leather-clad biker.

COMB in ADJ

3. clad
A building, part of a building, or mountain that is clad with something is covered by that thing. (LITERARY)

- The walls and floors are clad with ceramic tiles.

ADJ: v-link ADJ in/with n

4. clad
Also a combining form.

- ...the distant shapes of snow-clad mountains.

- ...the ivy-clad house.

COMB in ADJ

cladding

[D.J.:ˈklædiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈklædɪŋ]

n.

覆层

cladding

1. cladding
Cladding is a covering of tiles, wooden boards, or other material that is fixed to the outside of a building to protect it against bad weather or to make it look more attractive.

- ...stone cladding.

N-UNCOUNT: oft n N
= facing

2. cladding
Cladding is a layer of metal which is put round fuel rods in a nuclear reactor.
N-UNCOUNT

claim

[D.J.:kleim]

[K.K.:klem]

vt.

声称, 断言

(灾难等)使失踪或死亡

需要, 值得

vt. & vi.

对…提出要求, 索取

n.

主张, 断言

要求

claims

索赔

claim *****

1. claim claims claiming claimed
If you say that someone claims that something is true, you mean they say that it is true but you are not sure whether or not they are telling the truth.

- He claimed that it was all a conspiracy against him.

- A man claiming to be a journalist threatened to reveal details about her private life.

- `I had never received one single complaint against me,' claimed the humiliated doctor.

- He claims a 70 to 80 per cent success rate.

VB
= maintain

2. claim claims
A claim is something which someone says which they cannot prove and which may be false.

- He repeated his claim that the people of Trinidad and Tobago backed his action.

- He rejected claims that he had affairs with six women.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N that

3. claim claims claiming claimed
If you say that someone claims responsibility or credit for something, you mean they say that they are responsible for it, but you are not sure whether or not they are telling the truth.

- An underground organisation has claimed responsibility for the bomb explosion.

- He was too modest to claim the credit.

VB

4. claim claims claiming claimed
If you claim something, you try to get it because you think you have a right to it.

- Now they are returning to claim what was theirs.

VB

5. claim claims
A claim is a demand for something that you think you have a right to.

- Rival claims to Macedonian territory caused conflict in the Balkans.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

6. claim claims claiming claimed
If someone claims a record, title, or prize, they gain or win it. (JOURNALISM)

- Zhuang claimed the record in 54.64 seconds.

- Steffi Graf claimed a fourth Wimbledon title in 1992.

VB

7. claim claims
If you have a claim on someone or their attention, you have the right to demand things from them or to demand their attention.

- She'd no claims on him now.

- He was surrounded by people, all with claims on his attention.

N-COUNT: N on n

8. claim claims claiming claimed
If something or someone claims your attention, they need you to spend your time and effort on them.

- There is already a long list of people claiming her attention.

VB

9. claim claims claiming claimed
If you claim money from the government, an insurance company, or another organization, you officially apply to them for it, because you think you are entitled to it according to their rules.

- Some 25 per cent of the people who are entitled to claim State benefits do not do so.

- John had taken out redundancy insurance but when he tried to claim, he was refused payment.

- They intend to claim for damages against the three doctors.

VB

10. claim claims
Also a noun.

- ...the office which has been dealing with their claim for benefit...

- Last time we made a claim on our insurance they paid up really quickly.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

11. claim claims claiming claimed
If you claim money or other benefits from your employers, you demand them because you think you deserve or need them.

- The union claimed a pay rise worth four times the rate of inflation.

VB

12. claim claims
Also a noun.

- They are making substantial claims for improved working conditions.

- Electricity workers have voted for industrial action in pursuit of a pay claim.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

13. claim claims claiming claimed
If you say that a war, disease, or accident claims someone's life, you mean that they are killed in it or by it. (FORMAL)

- The civil war claimed the life of a U.N. interpreter yesterday.

- Heart disease is the biggest killer, claiming 180,000 lives a year.

VB
= take

14. claim
Someone's claim to fame is something quite important or interesting that they have done or that is connected with them.

- Barbara Follett's greatest claim to fame is that she taught Labour MPs how to look good on television.

PHR: claim inflects, oft poss PHR

15. claim
If you lay claim to something you do not have, you say that it belongs to you. (FORMAL)

- Five Asian countries lay claim to the islands.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

claim

verb

1.

assert

allege

challenge

insist

maintain

profess

uphold

2.

demand

ask

call for

insist

need

require

noun

3.

assertion

affirmation

allegation

pretension

privilege

protestation

4.

demand

application

call

petition

request

requirement

5.

right

title

claimant

[D.J.:ˈkleimənt]

[K.K.:ˈklemənt]

n.

申请者, 要求者

claimant *

1. claimant claimants
A claimant is someone who is receiving money from the state because they are unemployed or they are unable to work because they are ill. (BRIT)

- ...benefit claimants.

N-COUNT

2. claimant claimants
A claimant is someone who asks to be given something which they think they are entitled to.

- The claimants allege that manufacturers failed to warn doctors that their drugs should only be used only in limited circumstances.

- ...Louis-Alphonso, the rival claimant to the French throne.

N-COUNT

claims adjuster

claims adjuster claims adjusters
A claims adjuster is someone who is employed by an insurance company to decide how much money a person making a claim should receive. (AM; in BRIT use loss adjuster )
N-COUNT also claims adjustor .
= insurance adjuster

clairvoyance

[D.J.:kleəˈvɔɪəns]

[K.K.:klɛrˈvɔɪəns]

n.

视力,洞察力

clairvoyant

[D.J.:klɛəˈvɔiənt]

[K.K.:klɛrˈvɔɪənt]

adj.

透视的,有洞察力的

n.

透视者,千里眼的人

clairvoyant

1. clairvoyant
Someone who is believed to be clairvoyant is believed to know about future events or to be able to communicate with dead people.

- ...clairvoyant powers.

ADJ

2. clairvoyance

- ...his well-attested powers of telepathy and clairvoyance.

N-UNCOUNT

3. clairvoyant clairvoyants
A clairvoyant is someone who claims to be clairvoyant.

- You did not have to be a clairvoyant to see that the war would go on.

N-COUNT

clairvoyant

noun

1.

psychic

diviner

fortune-teller

visionary

adjective

2.

psychic

extrasensory

second-sighted

telepathic

visionary

clam

[D.J.:klæm]

[K.K.:klæm]

n.

蚌, 蛤

vi.

(在沙滩上)挖蛤

clam *

clam clams
Clams are a kind of shellfish which can be eaten.
N-COUNT

clam up *

clam up clams up; clamming up; clammed up
If someone clams up , they stop talking, often because they are shy or to avoid giving away secrets. (INFORMAL)

- As soon as I told her my name, she clammed up.

PHR-V

clamber

[D.J.:ˈklæmbə, ˈklæmə]

[K.K.:ˈklæmbɚ, ˈklæmɚ]

vi.

(吃力地)攀登,攀爬

n.

困难的或麻烦的攀登

clamber *

clamber clambers clambering clambered
If you clamber somewhere, you climb there with difficulty, usually using your hands as well as your feet.

- They clambered up the stone walls of a steeply terraced olive grove.

- Clambering over sackfuls of lemons, Boris tried to find a way out.

VB
= scramble

clamber

verb

climb

claw

scale

scrabble

scramble

shin

clammy

[D.J.:ˈklæmi:]

[K.K.:ˈklæmi]

adj.

冷湿的,粘湿的

clammy

clammy
Something that is clammy is unpleasantly damp or sticky.

- Think of the clammy hands you get when you visit the dentist!.

- My shirt was clammy with sweat.

ADJ-GRADED

clammy

adjective

moist

close

damp

dank

sticky

sweaty

clamorous

[D.J.:ˈklæmərəs]

[K.K.:ˈklæmərəs]

adj.

喧嚷的,吵闹的

大声要求(或抗议)的

clamorous

clamorous
If you describe people or their voices as clamorous , you mean they are talking loudly or shouting. (LITERARY)

- ...the crowded, clamorous streets filled with Irish, German, Italian, Jewish, and Chinese children.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

clamour

[D.J.:ˈklæmə]

[K.K.:ˈklæmɚ]

n.

喧哗声,喧闹

大声的要求或抗议

vi.

喧哗;吵闹

大声地要求或抗议

clamour *

1. clamour clamours clamouring clamoured
If people are clamouring for something, they are demanding it in a noisy or angry way. (JOURNALISM)

- ...competing parties clamouring for the attention of the voter...

- At breakfast next morning my two grandsons were clamouring to go swimming.

VB (AM) clamor

2. clamour
Also a noun.

- ...the clamour for his resignation.

N-SING: oft N for n (AM) clamor

3. clamour
Clamour is used to describe the loud noise of a large group of people talking or shouting together.

- Kathryn's quiet voice stilled the clamour.

- She could hear a clamour in the road outside.

N-SING (AM) clamor
= uproar

clamour

noun

noise

commotion

din

hubbub

outcry

racket

shouting

uproar

clamp

[D.J.:klæmp]

[K.K.:klæmp]

vt. & vi.

夹紧; 夹住

n.

夹具

clamped

固支

clamper

[D.J.:ˈklæmpə]

[K.K.:ˈklæmpɚ]

n.

鞋底钉,钳

clamping

[ˈklæmpiŋ]

n.

箝位

clamp **

1. clamp clamps
A clamp is a device that holds two things firmly together.
N-COUNT

2. clamp clamps clamping clamped
When you clamp one thing to another, you fasten the two things together with a clamp.

- Somebody forgot to bring along the U-bolts to clamp the microphones to the pole.

VB

3. clamp clamps clamping clamped
To clamp something in a particular place means to put it or hold it there firmly and tightly.

- Simon finished dialing and clamped the phone to his ear.

- He clamped his lips together.

- You entreat him to try just one spoonful, and he clamps his mouth shut.

- Peter jumped to his feet with his hand clamped to his neck.

VB

4. clamp clamps
A clamp is a large metal device which is fitted to the wheel of an illegally parked car or other vehicle in order to prevent it from being driven away. The driver has to pay to have the clamp removed. (BRIT; in AM use Denver boot )
N-COUNT
= wheel clamp

5. clamp clamps clamping clamped
To clamp a car means to fit a clamp to one of its wheels so that it cannot be driven away. (BRIT; in AM use boot )

- Courts in Scotland have ruled it illegal to clamp a car parked on private ground and then to demand a fine.

VB

6. clamping

- The Automobile Association yesterday called for laws to regulate clamping firms.

N-UNCOUNT

7. clamper clampers

- Private clampers demanded £57 to release her van.

N-COUNT

clamp

noun

1.

vice

bracket

fastener

grip

press

verb

2.

fasten

brace

fix

make fast

secure

clamp down **

clamp down clamps down; clamping down; clamped down
To clamp down on people or activities means to take strong official action to stop or control them. (JOURNALISM)

- If the government clamps down on the movement, that will only serve to strengthen it in the long run.

- They may not have informed banking regulators, who failed to clamp down until earlier this month.

PHR-V

clampdown

[D.J.:ˈklæmpˌdaʊn]

[K.K.:ˈklæmpˌdaʊn]

n.

压制;取缔;严禁

clampdown *

clampdown clampdowns
A clampdown is a sudden restriction on a particular activity by a government or other authority. (JOURNALISM)

- ...a clampdown on the employment of illegal immigrants...

- Ironically, the latest clampdown has just led to renewed international criticism.

N-COUNT: oft N on n also clamp-down .

clan

[D.J.:klæn]

[K.K.:klæn]

n.

宗族, 家族; 氏族

clan **

1. clan clans
A clan is a group which consists of families that are related to each other.

- ...rival clans.

N-COUNT

2. clan clans
You can refer to a group of people with the same interests as a clan . (INFORMAL)

- ...a powerful clan of industrialists from Monterrey.

N-COUNT

clan

noun

family

brotherhood

faction

fraternity

group

society

tribe

clandestine

[D.J.:klænˈdestɪn]

[K.K.:klænˈdɛstɪn]

adj.

秘密的,保密的,暗中的

clandestinely

adv.

秘密地,暗中地

clandestineness

n.

暗中,私下

clandestinely

adv.

秘密地,暗中地

clandestine *

1. clandestine
Something that is clandestine is hidden or kept secret, often because it is illegal. (FORMAL)

- ...their clandestine meetings.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= secret

2. clandestinely

- He left the country clandestinely.

ADV: ADV with v

clandestine

adjective

secret

cloak-and-dagger

concealed

covert

furtive

private

stealthy

surreptitious

underground

clang

[D.J.:klæŋ]

[K.K.:klæŋ]

n.

叮当声

v.

(使)叮当地响

clang

1. clang clangs clanging clanged
When a large metal object clangs , it makes a loud noise.

- A little later the church bell clanged.

- The door clanged shut behind them.

VB

2. clang clangs
Also a noun.

- He pulled the gates to with a clang.

- In the older part of the city, the clang and bang of the builders goes on all day.

N-VAR

3. clanging

- ...the clanging of the cell doors.

N-UNCOUNT

clanger

[D.J.:ˈklæŋə]

[K.K.:ˈklæŋɚ]

n.

<英,非正>失言;失礼

clanger

clanger clangers
If you say that you have dropped a clanger , you mean that you have done or said something stupid or embarrassing. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
PHR: V and N inflect

clank

[D.J.:klæŋk]

[K.K.:klæŋk]

n.

低沉的金属声, 叮当声

vt. & vi.

(使某物)发出叮当声

clank

1. clank clanks clanking clanked
When large metal objects clank , they make a noise because they are hitting together or hitting against something hard.

- A pan rattled and clanked.

- `Here we are now,' Beth said, as the train clanked into a tiny station.

- ...the clanking noise of the ferry.

VB

2. clank clanks
Also a noun.

- ...the clank and rattle of human activity.

N-VAR

clannish

[D.J.:ˈklænɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈklænɪʃ]

adj.

<常贬>(一伙人)自成一帮的;排外的

clannish

clannish
If you describe a group of people as clannish , you mean that they often spend time together and may seem unfriendly to other people who are not in the group. (INFORMAL)

- ...a Liverpool nightclub run by and for the clannish Irish community.

ADJ-GRADED
= cliquey

clansman

[D.J.:ˈklænzmən]

[K.K.:ˈklænzmən]

n.

同族的人,族人,同宗的人

clansman

clansman clansmen
Clansmen are people who are members of the same clan .
N-COUNT: usu pl

clap

[D.J.:klæp]

[K.K.:klæp]

vt. & vi.

拍手, 鼓掌

n.

鼓掌; 掌声

善意的拍打

clapping

[D.J.:ˈklæpɪŋ]

n.

拍手

掌声, 拍手声

<医> 拍打法(按摩的一种手法)

clap *

1. clap claps clapping clapped
When you clap , you hit your hands together to express appreciation or attract attention.

- The men danced and the women clapped.

- Midge clapped her hands, calling them back to order.

- Londoners came out on to the pavement to wave and clap the marchers.

VB

2. clap
Also a noun.

- As long as the crowd give them a clap, they're quite happy.

N-SING: a N

3. clap claps clapping clapped
If you clap your hand or an object onto something, you put it there quickly and firmly.

- I clapped a hand over her mouth.

VB

4. clap claps clapping clapped
If you clap someone on the back or on the shoulder, you hit their back or shoulder with your hand in a friendly way.

- While Onassis might clap a friend on the back, Niarchos would extend a businesslike hand.

VB
= slap

5. clap claps
A clap of thunder is a sudden and loud noise of thunder.
N-COUNT: N of n

clap

verb

applaud

acclaim

cheer

clapboard

[D.J.:ˈkl æpbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈklæbəd, ˈklæpˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

墙板,隔板,桶板

vt.

遮以墙板

clapboard

1. clapboard
A clapboard building has walls which are covered with long narrow pieces of wood, usually painted white.
ADJ: ADJ n

2. clapboard clapboards
A clapboard is the same as a clapperboard . (AM)
N-COUNT

clapped-out

adj.

精疲力竭的,〈英俚〉(物)毁环了的，破烂的

clapped-out

clapped-out
If you describe a person or a machine as clapped-out , you mean that they are old and no longer able to work properly. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...his clapped-out old car.

- ...clapped out comedians.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also clapped out . disapproval

clapperboard

clapperboard clapperboards
A clapperboard consists of two pieces of wood that are connected by a hinge and hit together before each scene when making a film, to make it easier to match the sound and pictures of different scenes. (BRIT; in AM use clapboard )
N-COUNT also clapper-board .

claptrap

[D.J.:ˈklæptræp]

[K.K.:ˈklæpˌtræp]

n.

讨好的言语或行为

adj.

应景的,讨好的

claptrap

claptrap
If you describe something that someone says as claptrap , you mean that it is stupid or foolish although it may sound important. (INFORMAL)

- This is the claptrap that politicians have peddled many times before.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= drivel

claret

[D.J.:ˈklærət]

[K.K.:ˈklærɪt]

n.

红葡萄酒

深红色

adj.

深红色的

claret *

1. claret clarets
Claret is a type of French red wine.
N-MASS

2. claret clarets
Something that is claret is purplish-red in colour. (LITERARY)
COLOUR

clarification

[D.J.:ˈklærɪfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌklærəfəˈkeʃən]

n.

(液体的)澄清,净化;澄清法

(意义等的)澄清、说明

clarify

[D.J.:ˈklærifai]

[K.K.:ˈklærəˌfaɪ]

vt. & vi.

使清楚; 澄清

clarifying

澄清的

clarified

clarified
Clarified butter has been made clear by being heated.
ADJ

clarify **

1. clarify clarifies clarifying clarified
To clarify something means to make it easier to understand, usually by explaining it in more detail. (FORMAL)

- Thank you for writing and allowing me to clarify the present position.

- A bank spokesman was unable to clarify the situation.

VB

2. clarification clarifications

- The union has written to Zurich asking for clarification of the situation.

N-VAR

clarification

noun

explanation

elucidation

exposition

illumination

interpretation

simplification

clarify

verb

explain

clear up

elucidate

illuminate

interpret

make plain

simplify

throw or shed light on

clarinet

[D.J.:ˌklærəˈnet]

[K.K.:ˌklærəˈnɛt]

n.

单簧管,竖笛

clarinet *

clarinet clarinets
A clarinet is a musical instrument in the shape of a pipe. You play the clarinet by blowing into it and covering and uncovering the holes with your fingers.
N-VAR: oft the N

clarinettist

clarinettist clarinettists
A clarinettist is someone who plays the clarinet.
N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) clarinetist

clarion call

clarion call clarion calls
A clarion call is a strong and emotional appeal to people to do something. (LITERARY)

- This is a clarion call for our country to face the challenges of the end of the Cold War.

N-COUNT

clarity

[D.J.:ˈklæriti]

[K.K.:ˈklærɪti]

n.

清楚, 明晰, 清澈

clarity *

1. clarity
The clarity of something such as a book or argument is its quality of being well explained and easy to understand.

- ...the ease and clarity with which the author explains difficult technical and scientific subjects.

N-UNCOUNT
= lucidity

2. clarity
Clarity is the ability to think clearly.

- In business circles he is noted for his flair and clarity of vision.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. clarity
Clarity is the quality of being clear in outline or sound.

- This remarkable technology provides far greater clarity than conventional x-rays.

N-UNCOUNT
= precision

4. clarity
The clarity of a liquid, of glass, or of the air is the degree to which it is clear.

- The first thing to strike me was the amazing clarity of the water.

N-UNCOUNT

clarity

noun

clearness

definition

limpidity

lucidity

precision

simplicity

transparency

clash

[D.J.:klæʃ]

[K.K.:klæʃ]

vt. & vi.

(砰地相撞)发出撞击声

vi.

交锋; 冲突

不合; 不一致

n.

(金属等的)刺耳的撞击声

不协调

冲突

clashing

相反

clash ***

1. clash clashes clashing clashed
When people clash , they fight, argue, or disagree with each other. (JOURNALISM)

- A group of 400 demonstrators ripped down the state Parliament's front gate and clashed with police.

- Behind the scenes, Parsons clashed with almost everyone on the show.

- The United States and Israel clashed over demands for a UN investigation into the killings.

V-RECIP

2. clash clashes
Also a noun.

- There have been a number of clashes between police in riot gear and demonstrators.

N-COUNT: oft N between/with n

3. clash clashes clashing clashed
Beliefs, ideas, or qualities that clash with each other are very different from each other and therefore are opposed.

- Don't make any policy decisions which clash with official company thinking.

- Here, morality and good sentiments clash headlong.

V-RECIP

4. clash clashes
Also a noun.

- Inside government, there was a clash of views.

N-COUNT: N of n

5. clash clashes clashing clashed
If one event clashes with another, the two events happen at the same time so that you cannot attend both of them.

- The detective changed his holiday dates when his flight was brought forward and it now clashed with the trial.

VB

6. clash clashes clashing clashed
If one colour or style clashes with another, the colours or styles look ugly together. You can also say that two colours or styles clash .

- The red door clashed with the soft, natural tones of the stone walls.

- So what if the colours clashed?

V-RECIP
≠ match

7. clash clashes clashing clashed
Sports journalists sometimes say that two individuals or teams who compete against each other clash , especially when a lot of feeling is involved.

- Lewis has recently recovered his fitness and will clash with Christie in the 4x100m relay.

- The two sides will clash there only if Chelsea beat Sunderland in their quarter-final replay.

V-RECIP

8. clash clashes
Also a noun.

- Australia's rugby union team for the return clash with New Zealand is weakened by injury.

N-COUNT: oft N between/with n

9. clash clashes clashing clashed
When metal objects clash , they make a lot of noise by being hit together. (LITERARY)

- The golden bangles on her arms clashed and jingled.

VB

10. clash clashes
Also a noun.

- ...a noise like the clash of cymbals.

N-COUNT

clash

verb

1.

conflict

cross swords

feud

grapple

lock horns

quarrel

war

wrangle

2.

crash

bang

clang

clank

clatter

jangle

jar

rattle

noun

3.

conflict

brush

collision

confrontation

difference of opinion

disagreement

fight

showdown informal

clasp

[D.J.:klɑ:sp]

[K.K.:klæsp]

vt.

紧握; 紧抱

vt. & vi.

扣住, 扣紧

n.

扣, 钩

紧握; 拥抱

clasping

抱握

clasp *

1. clasp clasps clasping clasped
If you clasp someone or something, you hold them tightly in your hands or arms.

- She clasped the children to her.

- He paced the corridor, hands clasped behind his back.

VB

2. clasp clasps
Also a noun.

- With one last clasp of his hand, she left him and went to her usual chair.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. clasp clasps
A clasp is a small device that fastens something.

- ...the clasp of her handbag.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

clasp

noun

1.

fastening

brooch

buckle

catch

clip

fastener

grip

hook

pin

2.

grasp

embrace

grip

hold

hug

verb

3.

grasp

clutch

embrace

grip

hold

hug

press

seize

squeeze

4.

fasten

connect

class

[D.J.:klɑ:s]

[K.K.:klæs]

n.

等级, 级别

阶级, 社会阶级

社会等级制度

班, 班级, 年级

一节, 课

种类, 门类

优雅, 高尚

vt.

把…归入某等级

class *****

1. class classes
A class is a group of pupils or students who are taught together.

- He had to spend about six months in a class with younger students.

- Reducing class sizes should be a top priority.

N-COUNT

2. class classes
A class is a course of teaching in a particular subject.

- He acquired a law degree by taking classes at night.

- I go to dance classes here in New York.

N-COUNT: oft n N
= lesson

3. class
If you do something in class , you do it during a lesson in school.

- There is lots of reading in class.

N-UNCOUNT: in N

4. class
The students in a school or university who finish their course in a particular year are often referred to as the class of that year.

- These two members of Yale's Class of '57 never miss a reunion.

N-SING: N of date

5. class classes
Class refers to the division of people in a society into groups according to their social status.

- ...the relationship between social classes...

- What it will do is create a whole new ruling class.

- ...the characteristics of the British class structure.

N-VAR
See also chattering classes , middle class , upper class , working class .

6. class classes
A class of things is a group of them with similar characteristics.

- Harbour staff noticed that measurements given for the same class of boats often varied.

- ...the division of the stars into six classes of brightness.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

7. class classes classing classed
If someone or something is classed as a particular thing, they are regarded as belonging to that group of things.

- Since they can and do successfully inter-breed they cannot be classed as different species.

- I class myself as an ordinary working person.

- I would class my garden as medium in size.

- Malaysia wants to send back refugees classed as economic migrants.

VB

8. class
If you say that someone or something has class , you mean that they are elegant and sophisticated. (INFORMAL)

- He's got the same style off the pitch as he has on it -- sheer class.

N-UNCOUNT approval

9. class
If you describe someone or something as a class person or thing, you mean that they are very good. (INFORMAL, JOURNALISM)

- Kite is undoubtedly a class player.

ADJ: ADJ n

10. class
If you say that someone such as a sports player or a performer is a class act , you mean that they are very good at what they do. (INFORMAL, mainly JOURNALISM)
PHR: N inflects

11. class
If someone is in a class of their own , they have more of a particular skill or quality than anyone else. If something is in a class of its own , it is better than any other similar thing.

- As a player, he was in a class of his own.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

class

noun

1.

group

category

division

genre

kind

set

sort

type

verb

2.

classify

brand

categorize

designate

grade

group

label

rank

rate

class action

class action class actions
A class action is a legal case brought by a group of people rather than an individual.
N-COUNT: usu sing

class-conscious

[D.J.:ˈklæsˈkɔnʃəs]

[K.K.:ˈklæsˈkɑnʃəs]

adj.

阶级意识的

class-conscious

1. class-conscious
Someone who is class-conscious is very aware of the differences between the various classes of people in society, and often has a strong feeling of belonging to a particular class.

- I think the Americans are even more class-conscious than we are.

ADJ-GRADED

2. class-consciousness

- There was very little snobbery or class-consciousness in the wartime navy.

N-UNCOUNT

classic

[D.J.:ˈklæsik]

[K.K.:ˈklæsɪk]

adj.

(著作, 赛事等)最优秀的, (可作)典范的

(病例等)典型的, 标准的

(衣服, 设计等)传统式样的, 典雅的

(因为时已久)著名的; 传统的

n.

文豪, 大艺术家; 文学名著, 经典作品, 杰作

优秀的典范

classic ****

1. classic
A classic example of a thing or situation has all the features which you expect such a thing or situation to have.

- The debate in the mainstream press has been a classic example of British hypocrisy.

- His first two goals were classic cases of being in the right place at the right time.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= typical

2. classic classics
Also a noun.

- It was a classic of interrogation: first the bully, then the kind one who offers sympathy.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

3. classic
A classic film, piece of writing, or piece of music is of very high quality and has become a standard against which similar things are judged.

- ...the classic children's film Huckleberry Finn.

- ...a classic study of the American penal system.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. classic classics
Also a noun.

- The record won a gold award and remains one of the classics of modern popular music.

- ...a film classic.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

5. classic classics
A classic is a book which is well-known and considered to be of a high literary standard. You can refer to such books generally as the classics .

- As I grow older, I like to reread the classics regularly.

N-COUNT

6. classic
Classic style is simple and traditional and is not affected by changes in fashion.

- Wear classic clothes which feel good and look good.

- These are classic designs which will fit in well anywhere.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

7. classic
A classic car is a model of car that is greatly admired because of its style, and is considered to be one of the best of its kind; used especially to talk about cars which are no longer being produced.
ADJ: ADJ n

8. classic
Classics is the study of the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, especially their languages, literature, and philosophy.

- ...a Classics degree.

N-UNCOUNT

classic

adjective

1.

definitive

archetypal

exemplary

ideal

model

quintessential

standard

2.

typical

characteristic

regular

standard

time-honoured

usual

3.

best

consummate

finest

first-rate

masterly

world-class

4.

lasting

abiding

ageless

deathless

enduring

immortal

undying

noun

5.

standard

exemplar

masterpiece

model

paradigm

prototype

classical

[D.J.:ˈklæsikəl]

[K.K.:ˈklæsɪkəl]

adj.

古典的, 经典的

classical ***

1. classical
You use classical to describe something that is traditional in form, style, or content.

- Fokine did not change the steps of classical ballet; instead he found new ways of using them.

- ...the scientific attitude of Smith and earlier classical economists.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ modern

2. classical
Classical music is music that is considered to be serious and of lasting value.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. classical
Classical is used to describe things which relate to the ancient Greek or Roman civilizations.

- ...the healers of ancient Egypt and classical Greece...

- It's a technological achievement that is unrivalled in the classical world.

- ...classical architecture.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. classical
A classical language is a form of a language that was used in ancient times and is now no longer used, or only used in formal writing.

- ...a line of classical Arabic poetry.

ADJ: ADJ n

classical

adjective

pure

elegant

harmonious

refined

restrained

symmetrical

understated

well-proportioned

classically

adv.

古典主义地,拟古地

classically

1. classically
Someone who has been classically trained in something such as art, music, or ballet has learned the traditional skills and methods of that subject.

- Peter is a classically trained pianist.

ADV: ADV -ed

2. classically
Classically is used to indicate that something is based on or reminds people of the culture of ancient Greece and Rome.

- ...the classically inspired church of S. Francesco.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

3. classically
Something that is classically designed is traditional, and beautiful in a simple way.

- ...five classically shaped vases...

- Older women look best in classically elegant styles.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

4. classically
You use classically to indicate that you are saying what usually happens in the case of a particular type of thing.

- Classically, overweight people underestimate the volume of food that they consume.

ADV: ADV with cl, ADV with v
= typically

classicism

[D.J.:ˈklæsisizm]

[K.K.:ˈklæsɪˌsɪzəm]

n.

古典主义,古典风格

classicism

classicism
Classicism is a style of art practised especially in the 18th century in Europe. It has simple regular forms and the artist does not attempt to express strong emotions.
N-UNCOUNT

classicist

[D.J.:ˈklæsisist]

[K.K.:ˈklæsɪsɪst]

n.

古典学者,古典主义者

classicist

1. classicist classicists
A classicist is someone who studies the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, especially their languages, literature, and philosophy.
N-COUNT

2. classicist classicists
In the arts, especially in architecture, a classicist is someone who follows the principles of classicism in their work.
N-COUNT

classification

[D.J.:ˌklæsifiˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌklæsəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

分类, 分级

类别, 种类, 门类

classified

[D.J.:ˈklæsəˌfaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈklæsəˌfaɪd]

adj.

(信息)归入密级的,保密的

classify

[D.J.:ˈklæsifai]

[K.K.:ˈklæsəˌfaɪ]

vt.

分类; 归类

classification *

classification classifications
A classification is a division or category in a system which divides things into groups or types.

- Bottom of the league come engineering companies, a classification that includes the car companies.

N-COUNT
See also classify .

classify **

1. classify classifies classifying classified
To classify things means to divide them into groups or types so that things with similar characteristics are in the same group.

- It is necessary initially to classify the headaches into certain types.

- Rocks can be classified according to their mode of origin.

- The coroner immediately classified his death as a suicide.

VB
= categorize

2. classification classifications

- ...the arbitrary classification of knowledge into fields of study.

- ...the British Board of Film Classification.

N-VAR

classification

noun

categorization

analysis

arrangement

grading

sorting

taxonomy

classify

verb

categorize

arrange

catalogue

grade

pigeonhole

rank

sort

systematize

tabulate

classified *

classified
Classified information or documents are officially secret.

- He has a security clearance that allows him access to classified information.

- The document was highly classified and circulated to a very limited group of people.

ADJ

classified ad

classified ad classified ads
Classified ads or classified advertisements are small advertisements in a newspaper or magazine. They are usually from a person or small company.
N-COUNT

classifieds

classifieds
The classifieds are the same as classified ads .

- Your best hope of obtaining a copy is to place an advert in the classifieds.

N-PLURAL: usu the N

classless

[D.J.:ˈklɑ:slis]

[K.K.:ˈklæslɪs]

adj.

无阶级的

classless *

1. classless
When politicians talk about a classless society, they mean a society in which people are not affected by social status.

- ...the new Prime Minister's vision of a classless society.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

2. classlessness

- ...the myth of classlessness.

N-UNCOUNT

classmate

[D.J.:ˈklɑ:smeit]

[K.K.:ˈklæsˌmet]

n.

(同班)同学

classmate *

classmate classmates
Your classmates are students who are in the same class as you at school or college.
N-COUNT: oft poss N

classroom

[D.J.:ˈklɑ:sru:m]

[K.K.:ˈklæsˌrum, -ˌrʊm]

n.

教室, 课堂

classroom **

classroom classrooms
A classroom is a room in a school where lessons take place.
N-COUNT

classy

[D.J.:ˈklɑ:si]

[K.K.:ˈklæsi]

adj.

时髦的, 优等的

classy *

classy classier classiest
If you describe someone or something as classy , you mean they are stylish and sophisticated. (INFORMAL)

- The German star put in a classy performance.

- Both GM and Ford believe they need classier brand names to sell upmarket cars.

ADJ-GRADED

classy

adjective Informal

high-class

elegant

exclusive

posh informal chiefly Brit.

stylish

superior

top-drawer

up-market

clatter

[D.J.:ˈklætə]

[K.K.:ˈklætɚ]

n.

盘碟刀叉等相撞击时的声音

vt. & vi.

(使某物)连续发出咔哒声

clatter *

1. clatter clatters clattering clattered
If you say that people or things clatter somewhere, you mean that they move there noisily.

- He turned and clattered down the stairs.

VB

2. clatter clatters clattering clattered
If something hard clatters , it makes repeated short noises as it hits against another hard thing. (LITERARY)

- His hobnail boots clattered on the stone floor.

- She set her cup down, and it clattered against the saucer.

VB

3. clatter
Also a noun.

- From somewhere distant he heard the clatter of a typewriter.

N-SING: usu with supp

clause

[D.J.:klɔ:z]

[K.K.:klɔz]

n.

从句

(法律文件等的)条款

clause **

1. clause clauses
A clause is a section of a legal document.

- He has a clause in his contract which entitles him to a percentage of the profits.

- ...a compromise document sprinkled with escape clauses.

- ...a complaint alleging a breach of clause 4 of the code.

N-COUNT: oft N num

2. clause clauses
In grammar, a clause is a group of words containing a verb. Sentences contain one or more clauses. There are finite clauses and non-finite clauses.
N-COUNT
See also main clause , relative clause , subordinate clause .

clause

noun

section

article

chapter

condition

paragraph

part

passage

claustrophobia

[D.J.:ˌklɔ:strəˈfəʊbi:ə]

[K.K.:ˌklɔstrəˈfobiə]

n.

幽闭恐怖

claustrophobia

1. claustrophobia
Someone who suffers from claustrophobia feels very uncomfortable or anxious when they are in small or enclosed places.
N-UNCOUNT

2. claustrophobia
If you talk about the claustrophobia of a place or situation, you mean it makes you feel uncomfortable or unhappy because you are enclosed or restricted.

- In the claustrophobia of her parents' house she had no stimulus for creativity.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

claustrophobic

[D.J.:ˌklɔ:strəˈfəubik]

[K.K.:ˌklɔstrəˈfobɪk]

adj.

(患)幽闭恐怖症的,导致幽闭恐怖症的

claustrophobic *

1. claustrophobic
You describe a place or situation as claustrophobic when it makes you feel uncomfortable and unhappy because you are enclosed or restricted.

- They lived in an unhealthily claustrophobic atmosphere.

- The house felt too claustrophobic.

ADJ-GRADED

2. claustrophobic
If you feel claustrophobic , you feel very uncomfortable or anxious when you are in a small, crowded, or enclosed place.

- The churning, pressing crowds made her feel claustrophobic.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

clavichord

[D.J.:ˈklævikɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈklævɪˌkɔrd]

n.

击弦古钢琴

clavichord

clavichord clavichords
A clavichord is a musical instrument rather like a small piano. When you press the keys, small pieces of metal come up and hit the strings. Clavichords were especially popular during the eighteenth century.
N-VAR: oft the N

clavicle

[D.J.:ˈklævikl]

[K.K.:ˈklævɪkəl]

n.

锁骨

clavicle

clavicle clavicles
Your clavicles are your collar bones. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

claw

[D.J.:klɔ:]

[K.K.:klɔ]

vt. & vi.

抓, 撕, 搔

n.

爪

clawed

有爪的

claw *

1. claw claws
The claws of a bird or animal are the thin, hard, curved nails at the end of its feet.

- The cat tried to cling to the edge by its claws.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. claw claws
The claws of a lobster, crab, or scorpion are the two pointed parts at the end of its legs which are used for holding things.
N-COUNT: usu pl

3. claw claws clawing clawed
If an animal claws at something, it scratches or damages it with its claws.

- The wolf clawed at the tree and howled the whole night.

VB

4. claw claws clawing clawed
To claw at something mean to try very hard to get hold of it.

- His fingers clawed at Blake's wrist.

- He stumbled, clawed wildly at the air and fell backwards into the water.

VB

5. claw claws clawing clawed
If you claw your way somewhere, you move there with great difficulty, trying desperately to find things to hold on to.

- From the flooded depths of the ship some did manage to claw their way up iron ladders to the safety of the upper deck.

VB

6. claw claws clawing clawed
If someone claws their way to a successful position, they achieve it with great determination in spite of many difficulties.

- Gino clawed his way out of underworld obscurity to become a millionaire hotelier.

VB

7. claw claws
If someone gets their claws into another person, they start doing or saying things, especially unpleasant things, which affect that person.

- She should take her claws out of Tom and let him get on with his life.

N-PLURAL: poss N

claw

noun

1.

nail

pincer

talon

tentacle

verb

2.

scratch

dig

lacerate

maul

rip

scrape

tear

claw back *

1. claw back claws back; clawing back; clawed back
If someone claws back some of the money or power they had lost, they get some of it back again. (BRIT)

- They will eventually be able to claw back all or most of the debt.

- In the meantime his generals will want to claw back some of their old influence.

PHR-V

2. claw back claws back; clawing back; clawed back
If a government claws back money, it finds a way of taking money back from people that it gave money to in another way. (BRIT)

- The Chancellor will try to claw back £3.5 billion in next year's Budget.

PHR-V

clay

[klei]

n.

黏土, 泥土

clay **

1. clay clays
Clay is a kind of earth that is soft when it is wet and hard when it is dry. Clay is shaped and baked to make things such as pots and bricks.

- ...the heavy clay soils of Cambridgeshire...

- As the wheel turned, the potter shaped and squeezed the lump of clay into a graceful shape.

- ...a little clay pot.

N-MASS: oft N n

2. clay
In tennis, matches played on clay are played on courts whose surface is covered with finely crushed stones or brick.

- Most tennis is played on hard courts, but a substantial amount is played on clay.

- Agassi was equally impressive in beating Frana, a clay court specialist.

N-UNCOUNT: oft on N, N n

3. clay
If you say that a person who is respected or admired has feet of clay or has clay feet , you mean that they have serious faults which you or other people did not know about before. (FORMAL)

- When those idols are found to have feet of clay, the pain of disenchantment can be profound.

PHR

clay pigeon

clay pigeon clay pigeons
Clay pigeons are discs of baked clay which are thrown into the air by a machine as targets for gun shooting practice.

- ...hunting and clay-pigeon shooting.

N-COUNT: usu N n

clean

[D.J.:kli:n]

[K.K.:klin]

adj.

清洁的, 干净的; 纯净的

新的, 未用过的

整齐的, 规则的

正派的, 正大光明的

adv.

完全地, 彻底地

vt. & vi.

(使)清洁; 变干净

cleaner

[D.J.:ˈkli:nə]

[K.K.:ˈklinɚ]

n.

保洁员，清洁工

吸尘器

cleaners

n.

洗衣店

cleaning

[D.J.:ˈkli:nɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈklinɪŋ]

n.

清洁，打扫

(家畜等的)胞衣

cleanly

[D.J.:ˈklenli:]

[K.K.:ˈklɛnli]

adv.

整齐地;有规则地

干净利落地

adj.

<正>讲究清洁的,爱干净的

clean ****

1. clean cleaner cleanest
Something that is clean is free from dirt or unwanted marks.

- He wore his cleanest slacks, a clean shirt and a navy blazer.

- Disease has not been a problem because clean water is available.

- The metro is efficient and spotlessly clean.

- Tiled kitchen floors are easy to keep clean.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ dirty

2. clean cleaner cleanest
You say that people or animals are clean when they keep themselves or their surroundings clean.
ADJ-GRADED
≠ dirty

3. clean cleaner cleanest
A clean fuel or chemical process does not create many harmful or polluting substances.

- Fans of electric cars say they are clean, quiet and economical.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ dirty

4. cleanly

- Manufacturers are working with new fuels to find one that burns more cleanly than petrol.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

5. clean cleans cleaning cleaned
If you clean something or clean dirt off it, you make it free from dirt and unwanted marks, for example by washing or wiping it. If something cleans easily, it is easy to clean.

- Her father cleaned his glasses with a paper napkin.

- It took half an hour to clean the orange powder off the bath.

- He cleaned the flakes away with his coat sleeve.

- Wood flooring not only cleans easily, but it's environmentally friendly into the bargain.

V-ERG

6. clean
Also a noun.

- Give the cooker a good clean.

N-SING

7. clean cleans cleaning cleaned
If you clean a room or house, you make the inside of it and the furniture in it free from dirt and dust.

- With them also lived Mary Burinda, who cooked and cleaned.

- She got up early and cleaned the flat.

VB

8. cleaning

- I do the cleaning myself.

N-UNCOUNT

9. clean cleaner cleanest
If you describe something such as a book, joke, or lifestyle as clean , you think that they are not sexually immoral or offensive.

- They're trying to show clean, wholesome, decent movies.

- Flirting is good clean fun.

- He became a model of clean living and Bible Belt virtues.

ADJ-GRADED approval
≠ dirty

10. clean cleaner cleanest
If someone has a clean reputation or record, they have never done anything illegal or wrong.

- Accusations of tax evasion have tarnished his clean image.

- You can hire these from most car hire firms, provided you have a clean driving licence.

ADJ-GRADED

11. clean cleaner cleanest
A clean game or fight is carried out fairly, according to the rules.

- He called for a clean fight in the election and an end to `negative campaigning'.

- It was a clean match, well refereed.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= fair ≠ dirty

12. cleanly

- The game had been cleanly fought.

ADV: ADV after v, ADV -ed

13. clean cleaner cleanest
If you describe a flavour, smell, or colour as clean , you like it because it is light and fresh.

- ...the fresh, clean smell of the sea...

- Soft tones of blue and grey create a clean, bright look.

ADJ-GRADED

14. clean
A clean sheet of paper has no writing or drawing on it.

- Take a clean sheet of paper and down the left-hand side make a list.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= blank

15. clean
If you make a clean break or start, you end a situation completely and start again in a different way.

- Voters have chosen to make a clean break with the communist past.

ADJ: ADJ n

16. clean
Clean is used to emphasize that something was done completely. (INFORMAL)

- It burned clean through the seat of my overalls.

- The thief got clean away with the money.

- I clean forgot everything I had prepared.

ADV: usu ADV prep/adv, also ADV before v emphasis

17. clean cleaner cleanest
A clean shape is simple and regular, with definite, smooth edges.

- He admires the clean lines of Shaker furniture.

- The drill should be slowly rotated to ensure a clean hole.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ ragged

18. cleanly

- Cut horizontally and cleanly through the stem.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

19. clean cleaner cleanest
You can describe an action as clean to indicate that it is carried out simply and quickly without mistakes.

- They were more concerned about the dogs' welfare than a clean getaway.

- Paul had arrested countless men like this one before and was expecting a clean, quick job.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ messy

20. cleanly

- I struck the ball cleanly and my shot was on target.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

21. clean
If you come clean about something that you have been keeping secret, you admit it or tell people about it. (INFORMAL)

- It would be better if you come clean about it and let her know what kind of man she is seeing.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR about/on n

cleaner **

1. cleaner cleaners
A cleaner is someone who is employed to clean the rooms and furniture inside a building.
N-COUNT

2. cleaner cleaners
A cleaner is someone whose job is to clean a particular type of thing.

- He was a window cleaner.

N-COUNT: n N

3. cleaner cleaners
A cleaner is a substance used for cleaning things.

- ...oven cleaner.

- ...abrasive cleaners.

N-MASS: usu n N

4. cleaner cleaners
A cleaner is a device used for cleaning things.

- ...an air cleaner.

N-COUNT: usu n N
See also pipe cleaner , vacuum cleaner .

5. cleaner cleaners
A cleaner or a cleaner's is a shop where things such as clothes are dry-cleaned.
N-COUNT: oft the N

6. cleaner
If someone takes you to the cleaners , they unfairly take most of your money, for example in a business deal or in gambling. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects

clean

adjective

1.

pure

flawless

fresh

immaculate

impeccable

spotless

unblemished

unsullied

2.

hygienic

antiseptic

decontaminated

purified

sterile

sterilized

uncontaminated

unpolluted

3.

moral

chaste

decent

good

honourable

innocent

pure

respectable

upright

virtuous

4.

complete

conclusive

decisive

entire

final

perfect

thorough

total

unimpaired

whole

verb

5.

cleanse

disinfect

launder

purge

purify

rinse

sanitize

scour

scrub

wash

clean out ****

1. clean out cleans out; cleaning out; cleaned out
If you clean out something such as a cupboard, room, or container, you take everything out of it and clean the inside of it thoroughly.

- Mr. Wall asked if I would help him clean out the bins.

- If you are using the same pan, clean it out.

PHR-V

2. clean out cleans out; cleaning out; cleaned out
If someone cleans you out , they take all the money and valuables you have. If they clean out a place, they take everything of value that is in it. (INFORMAL)

- I'm sure the burglars waited until my insurance claim was through and came back to clean me out again.

- When they first captured the port, they virtually cleaned out its warehouses.

PHR-V

clean up ****

1. clean up cleans up; cleaning up; cleaned up
If you clean up a mess or clean up a place where there is a mess, you make things tidy and free of dirt again.

- Police in the city have been cleaning up the debris left by a day of violent confrontation.

- Nina and Mary were in the kitchen, cleaning up after dinner.

PHR-V

2. clean up cleans up; cleaning up; cleaned up
To clean up something such as the environment or an industrial process means to make it free from substances or processes that cause pollution.

- Under pressure from the public, many regional governments cleaned up their beaches.

PHR-V

3. clean up cleans up; cleaning up; cleaned up
If the police or authorities clean up a place or area of activity, they make it free from crime, corruption, and other unacceptable forms of behaviour.

- After years of neglect and decline the city was cleaning itself up.

- Since then, the authorities have tried to clean up the sport.

PHR-V

4. clean up cleans up; cleaning up; cleaned up
If you go and clean up , you make yourself clean and tidy, especially after doing something that has made you dirty.

- Johnny, go inside and get cleaned up.

- I cleaned myself up a bit, and got the baby ready.

PHR-V

5. clean up cleans up; cleaning up; cleaned up
If someone cleans up , they make a large profit or get a lot of money. (INFORMAL)

- It has cleaned up at the box office.

PHR-V

clean up after ****

clean up cleans up; cleaning up; cleaned up
If you clean up after someone, you clean or tidy a place that they have made dirty or untidy.

- At the end, he nursed Lilly and cleaned up after her without minding.

PHR-V

clean-cut

[D.J.:ˈkli:nˈkʌt]

[K.K.:ˈklinˈkʌt]

adj.

轮廓鲜明的

clean-cut

clean-cut
Someone, especially a boy or man, who is clean-cut has a neat, tidy appearance.

- ...his clean-cut good looks.

ADJ-GRADED

cleaning lady

cleaning lady cleaning ladiesDON'T USE
A cleaning lady is a woman who is employed to clean the rooms and furniture inside a building.
N-COUNT
= cleaner

cleaning woman

cleaning woman cleaning women
A cleaning woman is the same as a cleaning lady .
N-COUNT

cleanliness

[D.J.:ˈklenlɪnɪs]

n.

清洁,干净

cleanliness *

cleanliness
Cleanliness is the degree to which people keep themselves and their surroundings clean.

- Many of Britain's beaches fail to meet minimum standards of cleanliness.

- ...the importance of personal cleanliness.

N-UNCOUNT

cleanse

[D.J.:klenz]

[K.K.:klɛnz]

vt.

弄干净; 清洗

cleansing

[ˈklenziŋ]

n.

清洁,使清洁的人或物

adj.

有去污作用的

cleanse **

1. cleanse cleanses cleansing cleansed
To cleanse a place, person, or organization of something dirty, unpleasant, or evil means to make them free from it.

- Straight after your last cigarette your body will begin to cleanse itself of tobacco toxins.

- It urged the party to cleanse its own ranks of those found guilty of human rights violations.

- Confession cleanses the soul.

VB
See also ethnic cleansing .

2. cleanse cleanses cleansing cleansed
If you cleanse your skin or a wound, you clean it.

- Catherine demonstrated the proper way to cleanse the face.

- ...cleansing lotions.

VB

cleanse

verb

clean

absolve

clear

purge

purify

rinse

scour

scrub

wash

cleanser

[D.J.:ˈklenzə]

[K.K.:ˈklɛnzɚ]

n.

洁面乳

去污粉;清洁剂

cleanser *

1. cleanser cleansers
A cleanser is a liquid or cream that you use for cleaning your skin.
N-MASS

2. cleanser cleansers
A cleanser is a liquid or powder that you use in cleaning kitchens and bathrooms. (mainly AM)
N-MASS

cleanser

noun

detergent

disinfectant

purifier

scourer

soap

solvent

clean-shaven

[D.J.:ˈkli:nˈʃeɪvən]

[K.K.:ˈklinˈʃevən]

adj.

胡子刮光的,无胡子的,不蓄须的

clean-shaven

clean-shaven
If a man is clean-shaven , he does not have a beard or a moustache.
ADJ

clean-up

n.

打扫,卫生扫除

clean-up **

clean-up clean-ups
A clean-up is the removing of dirt, pollution, crime, or corruption from somewhere.

- ...the need for a clean-up of Italian institutions...

- The Governor has now called in the National Guard to assist the cleanup operation.

N-COUNT (AM) cleanup

clear

[D.J.:kliə]

[K.K.:klɪr]

adj.

晴朗的, 清澈的

无愧的, 清白的

清楚的, 明白的

畅通的, 无阻的

adv.

清晰地, 清楚地

完全, 一直

vi.

转晴

vt.

扫除, 清除

(从电脑中)消除(数据)

证明…无罪; 宣告…无罪

cleared

清除的

clearer

[ˈkliərə]

adj.

更清楚的

clearing

[D.J.:ˈklɪərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈklɪrɪŋ]

n.

小块空地;林中空地

clearing hospital

<军>前方医院

clearing station

<军>医疗后送站,师救护所

clearly

[D.J.:ˈklɪəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈklɪrlɪ]

adv.

明亮地;明净地

明确地,清楚地

显然地,无疑地

clear *****

1. clear clearer clearest
Something that is clear is easy to understand, see, or hear.

- The book is clear, readable and adequately illustrated.

- The space telescope has taken the clearest pictures ever of Pluto.

- He repeated his answer, this time in a clear, firm tone of voice.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unclear confusing

2. clearly

- Whales journey up the coast of Africa, clearly visible from the beach.

- It was important for children to learn to express themselves clearly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV -ed/adj, also ADV after v

3. clear clearer clearest
Something that is clear is obvious and impossible to be mistaken about.

- It was a clear case of homicide.

- The clear message of the scientific reports is that there should be a drastic cut in car use.

- A spokesman said the British government's position is perfectly clear.

- It became clear that I hadn't been able to convince Mike.

- It's not clear whether the incident was an accident or deliberate.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ that/wh
= obvious plain ≠ unclear

4. clearly

- Clearly, the police cannot break the law in order to enforce it.

- He clearly believes that India should have de-valued its currency.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group
= obviously

5. clear clearer clearest
If you are clear about something, you understand it completely.

- It is important to be clear about what Chomsky is doing here.

- He is not entirely clear on how he will go about it.

- People use scientific terms with no clear idea of their meaning.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ about/on n/wh

6. clear clearer clearest
If your mind or your way of thinking is clear , you are able to think sensibly and reasonably, and you are not affected by confusion or by a drug such as alcohol.

- She needed a clear head to carry out her instructions.

ADJ-GRADED

7. clearly

- The only time I can think clearly is when I'm alone.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

8. clear clears clearing cleared
To clear your mind or your head means to free it from confused thoughts or from the effects of a drug such as alcohol.

- He walked up Fifth Avenue to clear his head.

- Our therapists will show you how to clear your mind of worries.

VB

9. clear
A clear substance is one which you can see through and which has no colour, like clean water.

- ...a clear glass panel.

- ...a clear gel...

- The water is clear and plenty of fish are visible.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= transparent

10. clear clearer clearest
A clear colour is bright and strong.

- He has clear blue eyes and a dazzling smile.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

11. clear
If a surface, place, or view is clear , it is free of unwanted objects or obstacles.

- The runway is clear -- go ahead and land.

- All exits must be kept clear in case of fire or a bomb scare.

- Caroline prefers her worktops to be clear of clutter.

- The windows will allow a clear view of the beach.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

12. clear clears clearing cleared
When you clear an area or place or clear something from it, you remove things from it that you do not want to be there.

- To clear the land and harvest the bananas they decided they needed a male workforce.

- Stewart was trying to clear a path for the stretcher.

- Workers could not clear the tunnels of smoke.

- Firemen were still clearing rubble from apartments damaged at the scene of the attack.

VB

13. clear clears clearing cleared
If something or someone clears the way or the path for something to happen, they make it possible.

- The Prime Minister resigned today, clearing the way for the formation of a new government.

- A court in Berlin has dropped the charges against him, clearing the way for him to leave Germany.

VB

14. clear clearer clearest
If it is a clear day or if the sky is clear , there is no mist, rain, or cloud.

- On a clear day you can see the French coast.

- The winter sky was clear.

ADJ-GRADED

15. clear clears clearing cleared
When fog or mist clears , it gradually disappears.

- The early morning mist had cleared.

VB

16. clear clearer clearest
Clear eyes look healthy, attractive, and shining.

- ...clear blue eyes...

- Her eyes were clear and steady.

ADJ-GRADED

17. clear clearer clearest
If your skin is clear , it is healthy and free from spots.
ADJ-GRADED

18. clear
If you say that your conscience is clear , you mean you do not think you have done anything wrong.

- Mr Garcia said his conscience was clear over the jail incidents.

- I can look back on things with a clear conscience. I did everything I could.

ADJ

19. clear
If something or someone is clear of something else, it is not touching it or is a safe distance away from it.

- As soon as he was clear of the terminal building he looked round.

- She placed a towel on a cluster of rocks just clear of the tidemark.

- He lifted him clear of the deck with one arm.

ADJ: v-link ADJ of n, v n ADJ

20. clear
If you drive clear to a place, especially a place that is far away, you go all the way there without delays. (AM)

- After that they drove clear over to St Paul.

ADV: usu V after ADV
= straight

21. clear clears clearing cleared
If an animal or person clears an object or clears a certain height, they jump over the object, or over something that height, without touching it.

- Sotomayor, the Cuban holder of the world high jump record, cleared 2.36 metres.

VB

22. clear clears clearing cleared
When a bank clears a cheque or when a cheque clears , the bank agrees to pay the sum of money mentioned on it.

- Polish banks can still take two or three weeks to clear a cheque.

- Allow time for the cheque to clear.

V-ERG

23. clear clears clearing cleared
If a course of action is cleared , people in authority give permission for it to happen.

- Linda Gradstein has this report from Jerusalem, which was cleared by an Israeli censor.

- Within an hour, the helicopter was cleared for take-off.

- The hormone, developed by US drug companies, is expected to be cleared for use in the US soon.

VB: usu passive

24. clear clears clearing cleared
If someone is cleared , they are proved to be not guilty of a crime or mistake.

- She was cleared of murder and jailed for just five years for manslaughter.

- In a final effort to clear her name, Eunice has written a book.

VB

25. clear
You can say ` Is that clear? ' or ` Do I make myself clear? ' after you have told someone your wishes or instructions, to make sure that they have understood you, and to emphasize your authority.

- We're only going for half an hour, and you're not going to buy anything. Is that clear?

CONVENTION

26. clear
If someone is in the clear , they are not in danger, or are not blamed or suspected of anything.

- The Audit Commission said that the ministry was in the clear.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

27. clear
If you make something clear , you say something in a way that makes it impossible for there to be any doubt about your meaning, wishes, or intentions.

- Mr O'Friel made it clear that further insults of this kind would not be tolerated.

- The far-right has now made its intentions clear.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR that

28. clear
If something or someone is a certain amount clear of a competitor, they are that amount ahead of them in a competition or race. (BRIT)

- Kevin Keegan's team are now seven points clear of West Ham.

- He crossed the line three seconds clear of Tom Snape.

PHR-PREP: amount PREP n

29. clear
If you steer clear or stay clear of someone or something, you avoid them.

- The rabbis try to steer clear of political questions.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR of n
= avoid

clearing **

clearing clearings
A clearing is a small area in a forest where there are no trees or bushes.

- A helicopter landed in a clearing in the dense jungle.

N-COUNT

clear

adjective

1.

certain

convinced

decided

definite

positive

resolved

satisfied

sure

2.

obvious

apparent

blatant

comprehensible

conspicuous

distinct

evident

manifest

palpable

plain

pronounced

recognizable

unmistakable

3.

transparent

crystalline

glassy

limpid

pellucid

see-through

translucent

4.

bright

cloudless

fair

fine

light

luminous

shining

sunny

unclouded

5.

unobstructed

empty

free

open

smooth

unhindered

unimpeded

6.

unblemished

clean

immaculate

innocent

pure

untarnished

verb

7.

unblock

disentangle

extricate

free

loosen

open

rid

unload

8.

pass over

jump

leap

miss

vault

9.

brighten

break up

lighten

10.

clean

cleanse

erase

purify

refine

sweep away

tidy (up)

wipe

11.

absolve

acquit

excuse

exonerate

justify

vindicate

12.

gain

acquire

earn

make

reap

secure

clearly

adverb

obviously

beyond doubt

distinctly

evidently

markedly

openly

overtly

undeniably

undoubtedly

clear away *****

clear away clears away; clearing away; cleared away
When you clear things away or clear away , you put away the things that you have been using, especially for eating or cooking.

- The waitress had cleared away the plates and brought coffee.

- Tania cooked, served, and cleared away.

PHR-V

clear off *****

clear off clears off; clearing off; cleared off
If you tell someone to clear off , you are telling them rather rudely to go away. (INFORMAL)

- They looked at me as if I was nuts and told me to clear off.

PHR-V disapproval
= push off

clear out *****

1. clear out clears out; clearing out; cleared out
If you tell someone to clear out of a place or to clear out , you are telling them rather rudely to leave the place. (INFORMAL)

- She turned to the others in the room. `The rest of you clear out of here.'.

- `Clear out!' he bawled. `Private property!'

PHR-V disapproval
= get out

2. clear out clears out; clearing out; cleared out
If you clear out a container, room, or house, you tidy it and throw away the things in it that you no longer want.

- I took the precaution of clearing out my desk before I left.

PHR-V
See also clear-out .

clear up *****

1. clear up clears up; clearing up; cleared up
When you clear up or clear a place up , you tidy things and put them away.

- After breakfast they played while I cleared up.

- I cleared up my room.

PHR-V

2. clear up clears up; clearing up; cleared up
To clear up a problem, misunderstanding, or mystery means to settle it or find a satisfactory explanation for it.

- There should be someone to whom you can turn for any advice or to clear up any problems.

- During dinner the confusion was cleared up: they had mistaken me for Kenny.

PHR-V
See also clear-up .

3. clear up clears up; clearing up; cleared up
To clear up a medical problem, infection, or disease means to cure it or get rid of it. If a medical problem clears up , it goes away.

- Antibiotics should be used to clear up the infection.

- Acne often clears up after the first three months of pregnancy.

PHR-V-ERG

4. clear up clears up; clearing up; cleared up
When the weather clears up , it stops raining or being cloudy.

- It all depends on the weather clearing up.

PHR-V

clearance

[D.J.:ˈkliərəns]

[K.K.:ˈklɪrəns]

n.

净空, 余隙

许可, 批准

(银行)票据交换, 清算

clearance *

1. clearance clearances
Clearance is the removal of old buildings, trees, or other things that are not wanted from an area.

- ...a slum clearance operation in Nairobi...

- The UN pledged to help supervise the clearance of mines.

- ...widespread clearance of jungle land.

N-VAR

2. clearance clearances
If you get clearance to do or have something, you get official approval or permission to do or have it.

- Thai Airways said the plane had been given clearance to land.

- He has a security clearance that allows him access to classified information.

N-VAR
= authorization

3. clearance clearances
The clearance of a bridge is the distance between the lowest point of the bridge and the road or the water under the bridge.

- The lowest fixed bridge has 12.8m clearance.

N-VAR

clearance sale

clearance sale clearance sales
A clearance sale is a sale in which the goods in a shop are sold at reduced prices, because the shopkeeper wants to get rid of them quickly or because the shop is closing down.
N-COUNT

clear-cut

[D.J.:ˈklɪəˈkʌt]

[K.K.:ˈklɪrˈkʌt]

adj.

轮廓鲜明的,清晰的

clear-cut *

clear-cut
Something that is clear-cut is easy to recognize and quite distinct.

- This was a clear-cut case of the original land owner being in the right.

- The issue is not so clear cut.

ADJ-GRADED
= cut-and-dried

clear-cut

adjective

straightforward

black-and-white

cut-and-dried informal

definite

explicit

plain

precise

specific

unambiguous

unequivocal

clear-headed

adj.

头脑清楚的

clear-headed

clear-headed
If you describe someone as clear-headed , you mean that they are sensible and think clearly, especially in difficult situations.

- ...his clear-headed grasp of the laws of economics.

ADJ-GRADED approval

clearing bank

clearing bank clearing banks
The clearing banks are the main banks in Britain. Clearing banks use the central clearing house in London to deal with other banks.
N-COUNT

clearing house

1. clearing house clearing houses
If an organization acts as a clearing house , it collects, sorts, and distributes specialized information.

- The centre will act as a clearing house for research projects for former nuclear scientists.

N-COUNT also clearing-house .

2. clearing house clearing houses
A clearing house is a central bank which deals with all the business between the banks that use its services.
N-COUNT also clearing-house .

clear-out

[ˈkli:əaut]

n.

清理; 清除(不要的物品)

clear-out

clear-out clear-outs
When you have a clear-out , you collect together all the things that you do not want and throw them away. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu sing

clear-sighted

[D.J.:ˈklɪəˈsaɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈklɪrˈsaɪtɪd]

adj.

目明的,聪明的,精明的

clear-sighted

clear-sighted
If you describe someone as clear-sighted , you admire them because they are able to understand situations well and to make sensible judgements and decisions about them.

- He was clear-sighted enough to keep a sense of perspective.

- The best way to travel to success is to have a clear-sighted view of your objective.

ADJ-GRADED approval

clear-up

n.

①整理,收拾②破案

clear-up *

clear-up
The clear-up rate for a crime or in an area is the percentage of criminals caught by the police, compared to the total number of crimes reported. (BRIT)

- The clear-up rate for murders remains high.

- The Metropolitan Police say clear-up figures were improved.

ADJ: ADJ n

cleat

[D.J.:kli:t]

[K.K.:klit]

n.

夹板

cleat

cleat cleats
A cleat is a kind of hook with two ends which is used to hold ropes, especially on sailing boats.
N-COUNT

cleavage

[D.J.:ˈkli:vɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈklivɪdʒ]

n.

裂缝,裂痕

(妇女的)乳沟

cleavage *

1. cleavage cleavages
A woman's cleavage is the space between her breasts, especially the top part which you see if she is wearing a dress with a low neck.
N-COUNT

2. cleavage cleavages
A cleavage between two people or things is a division or disagreement between them. (FORMAL)

- ...the economic cleavages between the two regions.

N-COUNT
= division

cleave

[D.J.:kli:v]

[K.K.:kliv]

vt.

劈开,剁开,割开

cleave

1. cleave cleaves cleaving
To cleave something means to split or divide it into two separate parts, often violently. (LITERARY)

- They just cleave the stone along the cracks and trim each piece with a hammer.

VB The past tense can be either cleaved or clove ; the past participle can be cleaved , cloven , or cleft
= split

2. cleave cleaves cleaving
If someone cleaves to something or to someone else, they begin or continue to have strong feelings of loyalty towards them. (FORMAL)

- She teaches the principles she has cleaved to for more than 40 years.

- He still clove to this ideal.

VB The past tense can be either cleaved or clove ; the past participle is cleaved

cleaver

[D.J.:ˈkli:və]

[K.K.:ˈklivɚ]

n.

砍肉刀;剁肉刀

cleavers

[D.J.:kli:vəz]

[K.K.:ˈklivəz]

n.

猪殃殃(其茎、实均有钩刺)

cleaver

cleaver cleavers
A cleaver is a knife with a large square blade, used for chopping meat or vegetables.

- ...a meat cleaver.

N-COUNT

clef

[D.J.:klef]

[K.K.:klɛf]

n.

音部记号

clef

clef clefs
A clef is a symbol at the beginning of a line of music that indicates the pitch of the written notes.
N-COUNT

cleft

[D.J.:kleft]

[K.K.:klɛft]

n.

裂缝;裂口

cleave的过去式和过去分词

be (caught) in a cleft stick

进退维谷；陷入困境

cleft

1. cleft clefts
A cleft in a rock or in the ground is a narrow opening in it.

- ...a narrow cleft in the rocks too small for humans to enter.

N-COUNT
= fissure

2. cleft clefts
A cleft in someone's chin is a line down the middle of it.
N-COUNT

3. cleft
If someone has a cleft chin, they have a cleft in their chin.
ADJ: ADJ n

4. cleft
If you say that a person or organization is in a cleft stick , you mean that they are in a difficult situation which will bring them problems and harm whatever they decide to do. (BRIT)
PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

5. Cleft is a past participle of cleave .

cleft palate

cleft palate cleft palates
If someone has a cleft palate , they were born with a narrow opening along the roof of their mouth which makes it difficult for them to speak properly.
N-VAR

clematis

[D.J.:ˈklemətis]

[K.K.:ˈklɛmətɪs, klɪˈmætɪs]

n.

铁线莲

clematis *

clematis
A clematis is a type of flowering shrub which can be grown to climb up walls or fences. There are many different varieties of clematis.
N-VAR The plural form can be clematis or clematises

clemency

[D.J.:ˈklemənsi:]

[K.K.:ˈklɛmənsi]

n.

宽容;仁慈

(尤指气候等)温和

clemency

clemency
If someone is granted clemency , they are punished less severely than they could be. (FORMAL)

- Seventeen prisoners held on death row are to be executed after their pleas for clemency were turned down.

N-UNCOUNT

clement

[D.J.:ˈklemənt]

[K.K.:ˈklɛmənt]

adj.

(尤指气候)温和的

宽大的,仁慈的

clement

clement
Clement weather is pleasantly mild and dry. (FORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ inclement

clementine

[D.J.:ˈkleməntain]

[K.K.:ˈklɛmənˌtaɪn, -ˌtin]

n.

克莱门氏小柑橘(为柑橘与酸柑杂交的品种)

clementine

clementine clementines
A clementine is a fruit that looks like a small orange.
N-COUNT

clench

[D.J.:klentʃ]

[K.K.:klɛntʃ]

vt.

紧握, 抓紧, 咬紧

clench *

1. clench clenches clenching clenched
When you clench your fist or your fist clenches , you curl your fingers up tightly, usually because you are very angry.

- Alex clenched her fists and gritted her teeth.

- She pulled at his sleeve and he turned on her, fists clenching again before he saw who it was.

- ...angry protestors with clenched fists.

V-ERG

2. clench clenches clenching clenched
When you clench your teeth or they clench , you squeeze your teeth together firmly, usually because you are angry or upset.

- Patsy had to clench her jaw to suppress her anger.

- Slowly, he released his breath through clenched teeth.

VB
= grit

3. clench clenches clenching clenched
If you clench something in your hand or in your teeth, you hold it tightly with your hand or your teeth.

- I clenched the arms of my chair.

VB
= grip

clergy

[D.J.:ˈklə:dʒi]

[K.K.:ˈklɚdʒi]

n.

(尤指基督教堂内的)牧师, 教士

clergy *

clergy
The clergy are the official leaders of the religious activities of a particular group of believers.

- Stalin deported Catholic clergy to Siberia.

N-PLURAL

clergy

noun

priesthood

churchmen

clergymen

clerics

holy orders

ministry

the cloth

clergyman

[D.J.:ˈklɜ:dʒi:mən]

[K.K.:ˈklə..dʒimən]

n.

牧师,教士

clergyman *

clergyman clergymen
A clergyman is a male member of the clergy.
N-COUNT

clergyman

noun

minister

chaplain

cleric

man of God

man of the cloth

padre

parson

pastor

priest

vicar

cleric

[D.J.:ˈklerik]

[K.K.:ˈklɛrɪk]

n.

牧师, 教士, 神职人员

cleric *

cleric clerics
A cleric is a member of the clergy.

- His grandfather was a Muslim cleric.

N-COUNT

clerical

[D.J.:ˈklerɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈklɛrɪkəl]

adj.

文书的,办事员的

牧师的,教士的

clericalism

n.

教权主义

clericalist

n.

教权主义者

clericalism

[D.J.:ˈklerikəlizəm]

[K.K.:ˈklɛrɪkəˌlɪzəm]

n.

教权主义,任圣职者不正常的政治势力

clericalist

[ˈklerikəlist]

n.

教权主义者

clerical *

1. clerical
Clerical jobs, skills, and workers are concerned with work that is done in an office.

- ...a strike by clerical staff in all government departments...

- The hospital blamed the mix-up on a clerical error.

ADJ: ADJ n
= administrative

2. clerical
Clerical means relating to the clergy.

- ...a bearded man in a dark suit and clerical collar.

- ...Iran's clerical leadership.

ADJ: ADJ n

clerk

[D.J.:klɑ:k]

[K.K.:klɚk,klɑrk]

n.

〈英〉办事员, 职员

〈美〉店员, 接待员

clerk **

1. clerk clerks
A clerk is a person who works in an office, bank, or law court and whose job is to look after the records or accounts.

- She was offered a job as an accounts clerk with a travel firm.

N-COUNT

2. clerk clerks
In a hotel, office, or hospital, a clerk is the person whose job is to answer the telephone and deal with people when they arrive. (mainly AM)

- ...a hotel clerk.

N-COUNT

3. clerk clerks
A clerk is someone who works in a store. (AM)
N-COUNT
= sales clerk

4. clerk clerks clerking clerked
To clerk means to work as a clerk. (mainly AM)

- Gene clerked at the auction.

- He clerked for the chief justice of the Supreme Court.

VB

clever

[D.J.:ˈklevə]

[K.K.:ˈklɛvɚ]

adj.

聪明的, 机灵的

灵巧的, 精巧的

cleverly

[D.J.:ˈklevəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkl ɛvɚlɪ]

adv.

聪明地；灵巧地

机敏地；巧妙地

精巧地

cleverness

[D.J.:ˈklevənɪs]

[K.K.: ˈklɛvɚnəs]

n.

聪明,伶俐

灵巧;机敏;巧妙

clever ***

1. clever cleverer cleverest
Someone who is clever is intelligent and able to understand things easily or plan things well.

- He's a very clever man.

- My sister was always a lot cleverer than I was.

- Her mother was clever at many things.

ADJ-GRADED

2. cleverly

- She would cleverly pick up on what I said.

ADV-GRADED

3. cleverness

- Her cleverness seems to get in the way of her emotions.

N-UNCOUNT

4. clever cleverer cleverest
A clever idea, book, or invention is extremely effective and shows the skill of the people involved.

- It is a clever and gripping novel, yet something is missing from its heart.

- A colleague of mine in Milan devised the following very clever little experiment.

- ...this clever new gadget.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= ingenious

5. cleverly

- ...a cleverly designed swimsuit.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed

6. clever
If someone is too clever by half , they are very clever and they show their cleverness in a way that annoys other people. (BRIT)

- His many admirers describe him as clever: his enemies as too clever by half.

PHR disapproval

clever

adjective

intelligent

bright

gifted

ingenious

knowledgeable

quick-witted

resourceful

shrewd

smart

talented

cleverness

noun

intelligence

ability

brains

ingenuity

quick wits

resourcefulness

shrewdness

smartness

clich´e *

clich´e clich´es
A clich´e is an idea or phrase which has been used so much that it is no longer interesting or effective or no longer has much meaning.

- I've learned that the cliche about life not being fair is true.

- It has become a cliche to describe Asia-Pacific as the world's most dynamic economic area.

N-COUNT (BRIT) also cliche disapproval

clich´e

noun

platitude

banality

commonplace

hackneyed phrase

stereotype

truism

clich´ed

clich´ed
If you describe something as clich´ed , you mean that it has been said, done, or used many times before, and is boring or untrue.

- The dialogue and acting in Indecent Proposal are tired, cliched and corny.

- ...the cliched image of the professional footballer.

ADJ-GRADED (BRIT) also cliched disapproval

click

[D.J.:klik]

[K.K.:klɪk]

n.

卡嗒声, 咔嚓声

click **

1. click clicks clicking clicked
If something clicks or if you click it, it makes a short, sharp sound.

- The applause rose to a crescendo and cameras clicked.

- He clicked off the radio.

- Blake clicked his fingers at a passing waiter, who hurried across to them.

V-ERG

2. click clicks
Also a noun.

- The telephone rang three times before I heard a click and then her recorded voice.

N-COUNT

3. click clicks clicking clicked
If you click on an area of a computer screen, you point the cursor at that area and press one of the buttons on the mouse in order to make something happen. (COMPUTING)

- I clicked on a link and recent reviews of the production came up.

VB: no passive

4. click clicks
Also a noun.

- You can check your email with a click of your mouse.

N-COUNT: usu sing

5. click clicks clicking clicked
When you suddenly understand something, you can say that it clicks . (INFORMAL)

- When I saw the television report it all clicked.

- It suddenly clicked that this was fantastic fun.

VB

6. click clicks clicking clicked
If you click with someone, you like each other and become friendly as soon as you meet. You can also say that two people click . (INFORMAL)

- They clicked immediately. They loved the same things.

- ...the man who clicks with the world's most beautiful women.

V-RECIP

client

[D.J.:ˈklaiənt]

[K.K.:ˈklaɪənt]

n.

委托人

顾客, 常客

client ***

client clients
A client of a professional person or organization is a person or company that receives a service from them in return for payment.

- ...a solicitor and his client...

- The company required clients to pay substantial fees in advance.

N-COUNT

client

noun

customer

applicant

buyer

consumer

patient

patron

shopper

clientele

[D.J.:ˌklaɪənˈtel, ˌkli:ɑ:n-]

[K.K.:ˌklaɪənˈtɛl, ˌkliɑn-]

n.

委托人

顾客，客户

clientele *

clientele
The clientele of a place or organization are its customers or clients.

- This pub had a mixed clientele.

- I have built up a loyal satisfied clientele for both African and European clothes.

N-SING-COLL

clientele

noun

customers

business

clients

following

market

patronage

regulars

trade

client state

client state client states
A client state is a country which is controlled or influenced by another larger and more powerful state, or which depends on this state for support and protection.

- ...France and its African client states.

N-COUNT

cliff

[D.J.:klif]

[K.K.:klɪf]

n.

悬崖; 峭壁

cliff **

cliff
A cliff is a high area of land with a very steep side, especially one next to the sea.

- The car rolled over the edge of a cliff.

N-COUNT

cliff

noun

rock face

bluff

crag

escarpment

overhang

precipice

scar

scarp

cliff-hanger

[D.J.:ˈklɪfˌhæŋə]

[K.K.:ˈklɪfˌhæŋɚ]

n.

连续冒险片

adj.

紧张的

cliff-hanger

cliff-hanger cliff-hangers
A cliff-hanger is a situation or part of a play or film that is very exciting or frightening because you are left for a long time not knowing what will happen next.

- Wednesday's election is likely to be a cliff-hanger.

- The series always had a cliff-hanger ending.

N-COUNT

clifftop

clifftop clifftops
A clifftop is the area of land around the top of a cliff.

- I have this beautiful house on a clifftop.

- ...25 acres of spectacular clifftop scenery.

N-COUNT

climactic

[D.J.:klaɪˈmæktɪk]

[K.K.:klaɪˈmæktɪk]

adj.

高潮的;形成高潮的

climactic

climactic
A climactic moment in a story or a series of events is one in which a very exciting or important event occurs. (FORMAL)

- ...the film's climactic scene.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

climactic

adjective

crucial

critical

decisive

paramount

peak

climate

[D.J.:ˈklaimit]

[K.K.:ˈklaɪmɪt]

n.

气候

climate ***

1. climate climates
The climate of a place is the general weather conditions that are typical of it.

- ...the hot and humid climate of Cyprus.

N-VAR

2. climate climates
You can use climate to refer to the general atmosphere or situation somewhere.

- The economic climate remains uncertain.

- ...the existing climate of violence and intimidation...

- A major change of political climate is not in prospect.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

climate

noun

weather

temperature

climatic

[D.J.:klaɪˈmætɪk]

[K.K.:klaɪˈmætɪk]

adj.

气候的;风土的

climatic *

climatic
Climatic conditions, changes, and effects relate to the general weather conditions of a place.

- ...the threat of rising sea levels and climatic change from overheating of the atmosphere.

ADJ: ADJ n

climatologist

[D.J.:ˌklaɪməˈt ɔləd ʒɪst]

[K.K.:ˌklaɪməˈt ɑləd ʒɪst]

n.

气候学家

climatologist

climatologist climatologists
A climatologist is someone who studies climates.
N-COUNT

climax

[D.J.:ˈklaimæks]

[K.K.:ˈklaɪˌmæks]

n.

顶点, 极点

高潮

climax **

1. climax climaxes
The climax of something is the most exciting or important moment in it, usually near the end.

- For Pritchard, reaching an Olympics was the climax of her career.

- It was the climax to 24 hours of growing anxiety.

- The last golf tournament of the European season is building up to a dramatic climax.

N-COUNT: oft N of/to n

2. climax climaxes climaxing climaxed
The event that climaxes a sequence of events is an exciting or important event that comes at the end. You can also say that a sequence of events climaxes with a particular event. (JOURNALISM)

- The demonstration climaxed two weeks of strikes.

- They've just finished a sell-out UK tour that climaxed with a three-night stint at Brixton Academy.

V-ERG

3. climax climaxes
A climax is an orgasm .
N-VAR

4. climax climaxes climaxing climaxed
When someone climaxes , they have an orgasm.

- Often, a man can enjoy making love but may not be sufficiently aroused to climax.

VB

climax

noun

culmination

height

highlight

high point

peak

summit

top

zenith

climb

[D.J.:klaim]

[K.K.:klaɪm]

vt. & vi.

爬, 攀登

n.

攀登

要攀登到的地方或距离

上升, 增长

climbing

[D.J.:ˈklaimiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈklaɪmɪŋ]

adj.

攀登的,上升的

n.

攀登

climb ***

1. climb climbs climbing climbed
If you climb something such as a tree, mountain, or ladder, or climb up it, you move towards the top of it. If you climb down it, you move towards the bottom of it.

- Climbing the first hill took half an hour.

- He picked up his suitcase and climbed the stairs.

- I told her about him climbing up the drainpipe.

- Kelly climbed down the ladder into the water.

- Children love to climb.

VB

2. climb climbs
Also a noun.

- ...an hour's leisurely climb through olive groves and vineyards.

N-COUNT: oft N prep

3. climb climbs climbing climbed
If you climb somewhere, you move there carefully, for example because you are moving into a small space or trying to avoid falling.

- The girls hurried outside, climbed into the car, and drove off.

- He must have climbed out of his cot.

- He climbed down from the cab.

VB

4. climb climbs climbing climbed
When something such as an aeroplane climbs , it moves upwards to a higher position. When the sun climbs , it moves higher in the sky.

- The plane took off for LA, lost an engine as it climbed, and crashed just off the runway.

VB
= rise

5. climb climbs climbing climbed
When something climbs , it increases in value or amount.

- The nation's unemployment rate has been climbing steadily since last June.

- Prices have climbed by 21% since the beginning of the year.

- The FA Cup Final's audience climbed to 12.3 million.

- Jaguar shares climbed 43 pence to 510 pence.

VB

climbing **

climbing
Climbing is the activity of climbing rocks or mountains.
N-UNCOUNT
See also climb , rock climbing , social climbing .

climb

verb

ascend

clamber

mount

rise

scale

shin up

soar

top

climb down ***

climb down climbs down; climbing down; climbed down
If you climb down in an argument or dispute, you admit that you are wrong, or change your intentions or demands.

- If Lafontaine is forced to climb down, he may wish to reconsider his position.

- He has climbed down on pledges to reduce capital gains tax.

PHR-V

climb down

verb

1.

descend

dismount

2.

back down

eat one's words

retract

retreat

climb-down

[D.J.:ˈklaɪmˌdaʊn]

[K.K.:ˈklaɪmˌdaʊn]

n.

退让,爬下,屈服

climb-down

climb-down climb-downs
A climb-down in an argument or dispute is the act of admitting that you are wrong or of changing your intentions or demands.

- This week's climb-down by the Department of Transport is thought to be the first time a road has been halted on environmental grounds.

N-COUNT also climbdown .

climber

[D.J.:ˈklaɪmə]

[K.K.:ˈklaɪmɚ]

n.

攀登者;攀登物

climbers

脚扣

climber *

1. climber climbers
A climber is someone who climbs rocks or mountains as a sport or a hobby.
N-COUNT

2. climber climbers
A climber is a plant that grows upwards by attaching itself to other plants or objects.
N-COUNT

climbing frame

climbing frame climbing frames
A climbing frame is a structure that has been made for children to climb and play on. It consists of metal or wooden bars joined together. (BRIT; in AM use monkey bars )
N-COUNT

clime

[D.J.:klaim]

[K.K.:klaɪm]

n.

气候,地方,地域

clime

clime climes
You use clime in expressions such as warmer climes and foreign climes to refer to a place that has a particular kind of climate. (LITERARY)

- He left Britain for the sunnier climes of Southern France.

- We always take our holidays in foreign climes.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu adj N

clinch

[D.J.:klintʃ]

[K.K.:klɪntʃ]

vi.

(尤指两人)互相紧紧抱[扭]住

vt.

〈非正〉解决(争端、交易); 达成(协议)

clinch **

1. clinch clinches clinching clinched
If you clinch something you are trying to achieve, such as a business deal or victory in a contest, you succeed in obtaining it.

- Hibernian clinched the First Division title when they beat Hamilton 2-0.

- This has fuelled speculation that he is about to clinch a deal with an American engine manufacturer.

VB
= secure

2. clinch clinches clinching clinched
The thing that clinches an uncertain matter settles it or provides a definite answer.

- Evidently this information clinched the matter.

- That was the clue which clinched it for us.

VB

3. clinch clinches
If two people who love each other are in a clinch , they are holding each other tightly. (JOURNALISM)

- They were caught in a clinch when their parents returned home unexpectedly.

N-COUNT

clinch

verb

settle

conclude

confirm

decide

determine

seal

secure

set the seal on

sew up informal

clincher

[D.J.:ˈklintʃə]

[K.K.:ˈklɪntʃɚ]

n.

敲弯钉头的工具,紧钳,夹子

clincher

clincher clinchers
A clincher is a fact or argument that finally proves something, settles a dispute, or helps someone achieve a victory. (INFORMAL)

- DNA fingerprinting has proved the clincher in many criminal and other forensic identifications.

- The clincher was Haig's assurance that he could withstand any German attack for at least eighteen days.

N-COUNT

cling

[D.J.:kliŋ]

[K.K.:klɪŋ]

vi.

附着于

抓紧或抱住

坚持

clinging

[D.J.:ˈklɪ ŋɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈklɪ ŋɪŋ]

adj.

执着的

有黏性的；紧靠着的；紧贴着的

clung

[D.J.:klʌŋ]

[K.K.:klʌŋ]

cling的过去式及过去分词

cling **

1. cling clings clinging clung
If you cling to someone or something, you hold onto them tightly.

- Another man was rescued as he clung to the riverbank.

- She had to cling onto the door handle until the pain passed.

- They hugged each other, clinging together under the lights.

VB

2. cling clings clinging clung
If someone clings to a position or a possession they have, they do everything they can to keep it even though this may be very difficult.

- Instead, he appears determined to cling to power.

- Another minister clung on with a majority of only 18.

- Japan's productivity has overtaken America in some industries, but elsewhere the United States has clung on to its lead.

VB

3. cling clings clinging clung
Clothes that cling to you stay pressed against your body when you move.

- His sodden trousers were clinging to his shins.

VB

4. clinging

- ...clinging black garments.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. cling clings clinging clung
Something that is clinging to something else is stuck on it or just attached to it.

- Her glass had bits of orange clinging to the rim.

VB

6. cling clings clinging clung
If someone clings to a person they are fond of, they do not allow that person to be free or independent.

- I was terrified he would leave me, so I was clinging to him.

VB disapproval

7. clinging

- She was anxious not to appear clinging.

ADJ-GRADED

8. cling clings clinging clung
If you cling to an idea or way of behaving, you continue to believe in its value or importance, even though it may no longer be valid or useful.

- They know scholars reject their legend, but they still cling to their belief.

- They're clinging to the past.

VB

clung

Clung is the past tense and past participle of cling .

cling

verb

stick

adhere

clasp

clutch

embrace

grasp

grip

hug

clingfilm

clingfilm
Clingfilm is a thin, clear, stretchy plastic that you use to cover food in order to keep it fresh. (BRIT; in AM use plastic wrap or Saran wrap )
N-UNCOUNT also cling film .

clingy

[ˈkliŋi]

adj.

易于粘住的; 依附的

clingy

1. clingy
If you describe someone as clingy , you mean that they become very attached to people and depend on them too much.

- A very clingy child can drive a parent to distraction.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= clinging

2. clingy
Clingy clothes fit tightly round your body.

- ...long clingy skirts.

ADJ-GRADED
= clinging

clinic

[D.J.:ˈklinik]

[K.K.:ˈklɪnɪk]

n.

诊所

clinic ***

clinic clinics
A clinic is a building where people go to receive medical advice or treatment.

- ...a family planning clinic.

N-COUNT

clinical

[D.J.:ˈklɪnɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈklɪnɪkəl]

adj.

诊所的;医院的

临床的

冷静的;客观的;超然的

clinically

adv.

冷静地;客观地

clinical **

1. clinical
Clinical means involving or relating to the direct medical treatment or testing of patients. (MEDICAL)

- The first clinical trials were expected to begin next year.

- ...a clinical psychologist.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. clinically

- She was diagnosed as being clinically depressed.

- It has been clinically proved that it is better to stretch the tight muscles first.

ADV: usu ADV adj/-ed

3. clinical
You use clinical to describe thought or behaviour which is very logical and does not involve any emotion.

- All this questioning is so analytical and clinical -- it kills romance.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= impersonal

clinical

adjective

unemotional

analytic

cold

detached

dispassionate

impersonal

objective

scientific

clinical trial

clinical trial clinical trials
When a new type of drug or medical treatment undergoes clinical trials , it is tested directly on patients to see if it is effective.

- Two rival laser surgery systems are undergoing clinical trials in the US.

N-COUNT

clinician

[D.J.:kliˈniʃən]

[K.K.:klɪˈnɪʃən]

n.

临床医生,临床教师

clinician *

clinician clinicians
A clinician is a doctor who specializes in clinical work.
N-COUNT

clink

[D.J.:klɪŋk]

[K.K.:klɪŋk]

vt. & vi.

(使)发出叮当声

clinking

[ˈkliŋkiŋ]

adj.

叮当响的,无可比拟的,无上的，极好的

adv.

〈英俚〉很，极

clinks

响裂

clink

1. clink clinks clinking clinked
If objects made of glass, pottery, or metal clink or if you clink them, they touch each other and make a short, light sound.

- She clinked her glass against his.

- They clinked glasses.

- The empty whisky bottle clinked against the seat.

- Their glasses clinked, their eyes met.

V-RECIP-ERG

2. clink
Also a noun.

- ...the clink of a spoon in a cup.

N-COUNT; SOUND

clip

[D.J.:klip]

[K.K.:klɪp]

n.

夹子, 回纹针, 别针

剪, 修剪

剪报, 电影或电视片段

〈非正〉猛打

vt. & vi.

用别针别在某物上, 用夹子夹在某物上

vt.

剪, 剪短, 修剪

clipped

[klipt]

adj.

(说话)急促的

截断的, 缩短的

clipping

[D.J.:ˈklɪpɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈklɪpɪŋ]

n.

剪下物

adj.

剪的

<口>快速的

<俚>头等的， 一流的； 恰好的

clip **

1. clip clips
A clip is a small device, usually made of metal or plastic, that is specially shaped for holding things together.

- She took the clip out of her hair.

N-COUNT

2. clip clips clipping clipped
When you clip things together, you fasten them together using a clip or clips.

- He clipped his safety belt to a fitting on the deck.

- He clipped his cufflinks neatly in place.

- ...an electronic pen which clips to the casing...

- His flashlight was still clipped to his belt.

V-ERG

3. clip clips
A clip from a film or a radio or television programme is a short piece of it that is broadcast separately.

- ...an historical film clip of Lenin speaking.

- ...a clip from the movie `Shane'.

N-COUNT: oft n N, N from/of n

4. clip clips clipping clipped
If you clip something, you cut small pieces from it, especially in order to shape it.

- I saw an old man out clipping his hedge.

- He had already clipped his hair close to the skull.

VB

5. clip
Also a noun.

- Give hedges a last clip.

N-SING

6. clip clips clipping clipped
If you clip something out of a newspaper or magazine, you cut it out.

- Kids in his neighborhood clipped his picture from the newspaper and carried it around.

VB

7. clip clips clipping clipped
If something clips something else, it hits it accidentally at an angle before moving off in a different direction.

- The lorry clipped the rear of a tanker and then crashed into a second truck.

VB

8. clip clips
If you give someone a clip round the ear, you hit their head fairly lightly with the palm of your hand, usually as a punishment.

- The boy was later given a clip round the ear by his father.

N-COUNT

9. clip clips clipping clipped
If you clip a small amount off the time taken to do something, you reduce it by that amount.

- Boardman finished in 1hr 43mins, clipping 49 seconds from his own course record.

VB

10. clip clips
An ammunition clip is a metal container on an automatic weapon which holds ammunition.
N-COUNT: oft n N

11. clip
If something moves or happens at a fast clip , it moves or happens quickly. (INFORMAL)

- They moved out from the airport at a brisk clip.

- Studios are releasing movies at a fast clip.

PHR: PHR after v

clipped *

1. clipped
Clipped means neatly cut.

- ...a quiet street of clipped hedges and flowering gardens.

- ...a dapper man with a clipped moustache.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. clipped
If you say that someone has a clipped way of speaking, you mean they speak with quick, short sounds, and usually that they sound upper-class.

- The Chief Constable's clipped tones crackled over the telephone line.

ADJ

clipping *

1. clipping clippings
A clipping is an article, picture, or advertisement that has been cut from a newspaper or magazine.

- ...bulletin boards crowded with newspaper clippings.

N-COUNT: oft n N

2. clipping clippings
Clippings are small pieces of something that have been cut from something larger.

- Having mown the lawn, there are all those grass clippings to get rid of.

- ...nail clippings.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft n N

clip

verb

1.

trim

crop

curtail

cut

pare

prune

shear

shorten

snip

noun

verb

2.

smack

clout informal

cuff

knock

punch

strike

thump

wallop informal

whack

clip

verb Informal

attach

fasten

fix

hold

pin

staple

clipboard

[D.J.:ˈklipbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈklɪpˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

有纸夹的笔记板，剪贴板

clipboard

1. clipboard clipboards
A clipboard is a board with a clip at the top. It is used to hold together pieces of paper that you need to carry around, and provides a firm base for writing.
N-COUNT

2. clipboard clipboards
In computing, a clipboard is a file where you can temporarily store text or images from one document until you are ready to use them again. (TECHNICAL, COMPUTING)
N-COUNT

clip-on

[D.J.:ˈklɪpˌɔn, -ˌɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈklɪpˌɑn, -ˌɔn]

adj.

可用夹子夹住的

clip-on

clip-on
A clip-on object is designed to be fastened to something by means of a clip.

- ...a clip-on tie.

- ...a clip-on light.

ADJ: ADJ n

clipper

[D.J.:ˈklɪpə]

[K.K.:ˈklɪpɚ]

n.

剪削者;剪取者(如剪羊毛工人)

剪刀;理发剪;指甲钳;树剪

(十九世纪的)快速帆船

快马

clipper *

1. clipper clippers
Clippers are a tool used for cutting small amounts from something, especially from someone's hair or nails.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

2. clipper clippers
In former times, a clipper was a fast sailing ship.
N-COUNT

clique

[D.J.:kli:k, klɪk]

[K.K.:klik, klɪk]

n.

<贬>小集团,小圈子;派系

clique *

clique cliques
If you describe a group of people as a clique , you mean that they spend a lot of time together and seem unfriendly towards people who are not in the group.

- Anna Ford recently hit out at the male clique which she believes holds back women in television.

N-COUNT disapproval

clique

noun

group

cabal

circle

coterie

faction

gang

set

cliquey

[ˈkli:ki]

adj.

小集团的

cliquey

cliquey
If you describe a group of people or their behaviour as cliquey , you mean they spend their time only with other members of the group and seem unfriendly towards people who are not in the group.

- ...cliquey gossip.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) usually cliquish disapproval

clitoral

clitoral
Clitoral means concerned with or relating to the clitoris.

- ...clitoral stimulation.

ADJ: ADJ n

clitoris

[D.J.:ˈklaitəris]

[K.K.:ˈklɪtərɪs, ˈklaɪtə-]

n.

阴核,阴蒂

clitoris

clitoris clitorises
The clitoris is a part at the front of a woman's sexual organs where she can feel sexual pleasure.
N-COUNT

Cllr

n.

议员,评议员

Cllr.

Cllr.
Cllr. is a written abbreviation for Councillor . (BRIT)

- ...Cllr. Ned Dewitt.

N-TITLE

cloak

[D.J.:kləuk]

[K.K.:klok]

n.

斗篷, 披风

外衣, 伪装

cloaking

大衣料,外套料

cloak *

1. cloak cloaks
A cloak is a long, loose, sleeveless piece of clothing which people used to wear over their other clothes when they went out.
N-COUNT

2. cloak
A cloak of something such as mist or snow completely covers and hides something.

- Today most of England will be under a cloak of thick mist.

N-SING: N of n
= blanket

3. cloak
If you refer to something as a cloak , you mean that it is intended to hide the truth about something.

- Preparations for the wedding were made under a cloak of secrecy.

- Moderation was held to be a cloak for unmanliness.

N-SING: N of/for n

4. cloak cloaks cloaking cloaked
To cloak something means to cover it or hide it. (WRITTEN)

- ...the decision to cloak major tourist attractions in unsightly hoardings...

- A fire could have been deliberately started to cloak small coordinated troop movements.

- The beautiful sweeping coastline was cloaked in mist.

VB

cloak

noun

1.

cape

coat

mantle

wrap

verb

2.

cover

camouflage

conceal

disguise

hide

mask

obscure

screen

veil

cloak-and-dagger

[D.J.:ˌkləʊkənˈdægə]

[K.K.:ˌklokənˈdæɡɚ]

adj.

有关阴谋或间谍的

cloak-and-dagger

cloak-and-dagger
A cloak-and-dagger activity is one which involves mystery and secrecy.

- She was released from prison in a cloak and dagger operation yesterday.

- They met in classic cloak-and-dagger style beside the lake in St James's Park.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also cloak and dagger .

cloakroom

[D.J.:ˈkləʊkˌru:m, -ˌrʊm]

[K.K.:ˈklokˌrum, -ˌrʊm]

n.

衣帽间;行李寄存处

<英婉>厕所

cloakroom

1. cloakroom cloakrooms
In a public building, the cloakroom is the place where people can leave their coats, umbrellas, and so on.

- ...a cloakroom attendant.

N-COUNT

2. cloakroom cloakrooms
A cloakroom is a room containing toilets in a public building or a room containing a toilet on the ground floor of someone's house. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

clobber

[D.J.:ˈklɔbə]

[K.K.:ˈklɑbɚ]

vt.

狠揍; (不停)猛打

彻底击败

clobber *

1. clobber
You can refer to someone's possessions, especially their clothes, as their clobber . (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

2. clobber clobbers clobbering clobbered
If you clobber someone, you hit them. (INFORMAL)

- Hillary clobbered him with a vase.

VB

3. clobber clobbers clobbering clobbered
If a person or company is clobbered by something, they are very badly affected by it. (INFORMAL)

- The construction industry was clobbered by recession.

- Sticky weather in May and June clobbered sales of Thorntons' chocolates.

VB

cloche

[D.J.:kləuʃ]

[K.K.:kloʃ]

n.

园艺用钟形玻璃盖,钟形女帽

cloche

1. cloche cloches
A cloche is a long, low cover made of glass or clear plastic that is put over young plants to protect them from the cold.
N-COUNT

2. cloche cloches
A cloche or a cloche hat is a woman's hat shaped like a bell that fits closely round the head. Cloche hats were popular in the 1920s.
N-COUNT

clock

[D.J.:klɔk]

[K.K.:klɑk]

n.

钟, 座钟, 挂钟

clocking

adj.

孵蛋的

clock ***

1. clock clocks
A clock is an instrument, for example in a room or on the outside of a building, that shows what time of day it is.

- He was conscious of a clock ticking.

- He also repairs clocks and watches.

- The hands of the clock on the wall moved with a slight click.

- ...a digital clock.

N-COUNT

2. clock clocks
A time clock in a factory or office is a device that is used to record the hours that people work. Each worker puts a special card into the device when they arrive and leave, and the times are recorded on the card.

- Government workers were made to punch time clocks morning, noon and night.

N-COUNT: oft n N

3. clock clocks
In a car, the clock is the instrument that shows the speed of the car or the distance it has travelled. (mainly BRIT)

- The car had 160,000 miles on the clock.

- At 240 mph the needle went off the clock.

N-COUNT: usu sing, the N

4. clock clocks clocking clocked
To clock a particular time or speed in a race means to reach that time or speed.

- Elliott clocked the fastest time this year for the 800 metres.

- The yacht swayed in 40-knot winds, clocking speeds of 17 knots at times.

VB
= reach

5. clock clocks clocking clocked
If something or someone is clocked at a particular time or speed, their time or speed is measured at that level.

- He has been clocked at 11 seconds for 100 metres.

- 170-mile-an-hour winds were clocked on a mountaintop in North Carolina.

VB: usu passive

6. clock clocks clocking clocked
If you clock something, you notice or see it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- If there was any scandal in that company, you can be sure that Bobby will have clocked it.

VB

7. clock
If you are doing something against the clock , you are doing it in a great hurry, because there is very little time.

- The emergency services were working against the clock as the tide began to rise.

- It's now become a race against the clock.

PHR: PHR after v, n PHR

8. clock
If you beat the clock , you finish doing something or succeed in doing something before the time allowed for doing it has ended.
PHR: V inflects

9. clock
If something is done round the clock or around the clock , it is done all day and all night without stopping.

- Rescue services have been working round the clock to free stranded motorists.

- We can't afford to give you around-the-clock protection.

PHR: PHR with v, PHR n

10. clock
If you want to turn the clock back or put the clock back , you want to return to a situation that used to exist, usually because the present situation is unpleasant.

- In some ways we wish we could turn the clock back.

- We cannot put back the clock.

PHR: V inflects

11. clock
If you are watching the clock , you keep looking to see what time it is, usually because you are bored by something and want it to end as soon as possible. (INFORMAL)

- I started to watch the clock about halfway through the class.

PHR: V inflects

clock in ***

clock in clocks in; clocking in; clocked in
When you clock in at work, you arrive there or put a special card into a device to show what time you arrived.

- I have to clock in by eight.

PHR-V
≠ clock off

clock in at ***

clock in clocks in; clocking in; clocked in
If something such as a record or film clocks in at a particular amount of time, it is that amount of time long.

- There are four more songs, each clocking in at around 12 minutes.

PHR-V

clock off ***

clock off clocks off; clocking off; clocked off
When you clock off at work, you leave work or put a special card into a device to show what time you left.

- The Night Duty Officer was ready to clock off.

- They clocked off duty and left at ten to three.

PHR-V
≠ clock in

clock on ***

clock on clocks on; clocking on; clocked on
When workers clock on at a factory or office, they put a special card into a device to show what time they arrived.

- They arrived to clock on and found the factory gates locked.

PHR-V
= clock in

clock out ***

clock out clocks out; clocking out; clocked out
Clock out means the same as clock off .

- She had clocked out of her bank at 5.02pm using her plastic card.

PHR-V

clock up ***

clock up clocks up; clocking up; clocked up
If you clock up a large number or total of things, you reach that number or total.

- In two years, he clocked up over 100 victories.

- Rude taxi drivers clocked up a total of 239 offences in 1990.

PHR-V
= chalk up

clock tower

clock tower clock towers
A clock tower is a tall, narrow building with a clock at the top.
N-COUNT

clockwise

[D.J.:ˈklɔkwaiz]

[K.K.:ˈklɑkˌwaɪz]

adj.

顺时针方向的

clockwise *

1. clockwise
When something is moving clockwise , it is moving in a circle in the same direction as the hands on a clock.

- He told the children to start moving clockwise around the room.

ADV: ADV after v
≠ anti-clockwise

2. clockwise
Also an adjective.

- Water usually escapes down the plughole in a clockwise direction.

ADJ: ADJ n

clockwork

[D.J.:ˈklɔkˌwɜ:k]

[K.K.:ˈklɑkˌwə..k]

n.

(玩具、钟表等上面的) 发条装置

go/run like clockwork

按计划进行；进展顺利

clockwork *

1. clockwork
A clockwork toy or device has machinery inside it which makes it move or operate when it is wound up with a key.

- ...a clockwork train-set.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. clockwork
If you say that something happens like clockwork , you mean that it happens without any problems or delays, or happens regularly.

- The Queen's holiday is arranged to go like clockwork, everything pre-planned to the minute.

- He reorganized Standard Brands twice a year, like clockwork.

PHR: PHR after v

clod

[D.J.:klɔd]

[K.K.:klɑd]

n.

块, (尤指)土块, 泥块

〈非正〉傻瓜, 笨蛋

clod

clod clods
A clod of earth is a large lump of earth.
N-COUNT: oft N of n

clog

[D.J.:klɔɡ]

[K.K.:klɔɡ, klɑɡ]

n.

木底鞋; 木屐

vt. & vi.

(使)阻碍

clogged

(如滤器)阻塞的

clogging

[ˈklɔɡiŋ]

n.

堵塞,闭合

clog *

1. clog clogs clogging clogged
When something clogs a hole or place, it blocks it so that nothing can pass through.

- Dirt clogs the pores, causing spots.

- The traffic clogged the Thames bridges.

VB
= block

2. clogged

- ...a clogged drain...

- The streets were clogged with people.

ADJ-GRADED

3. clog clogs
Clogs are heavy leather or wooden shoes with thick wooden soles.
N-COUNT: usu pl

4. clog
If you say that someone has popped their clogs , you mean that they have died. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects

clog

verb

obstruct

block

congest

hinder

impede

jam

clog up *

1. clog up clogs up; clogging up; clogged up
When something clogs up a place, or when it clogs up , it becomes blocked so that little or nothing can pass through.

- 22,000 tourists were clogging up the pavements.

- The result is that the lungs clog up with a thick mucus.

PHR-V-ERG

2. clogged up

- The drains are badly clogged up.

ADJ-GRADED

cloister

[D.J.:ˈklɔɪstə]

[K.K.:ˈklɔɪstɚ]

n.

(学院、修道院、教堂等建筑的)走廊,回廊

修道院的生活

隐居

vt.

隐退,使与世隔绝

cloister

cloister cloisters
A cloister is a covered area round a square in a monastery or a cathedral.

- The thirteenth-century cloisters are amongst the most beautiful in central Italy.

N-COUNT

cloistered

[D.J.:ˈklɔɪstəd]

adj.

<正>隐居的;躲开尘世纷争的

cloistered

cloistered
If you have a cloistered way of life, you live quietly and are not involved in the normal busy life of the world around you.

- ...the cloistered world of royalty.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= sheltered

clone

[D.J.:kləun]

[K.K.:klon]

n.

无性繁殖系(的个体)

复制品, 翻版

vt. & vi.

(使某物)无性繁殖

cloning

[ˈklɔniŋ]

n.

无性(繁殖)系化,纯系化

clone *

1. clone clones
If someone or something is a clone of another person or thing, they are so similar to this person or thing that they seem to be exactly the same as them.

- Tom was in some ways a younger clone of his handsome father.

- Designers are mistaken if they believe we all want to be supermodel clones.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. clone clones
A clone is an animal or plant that has been produced artificially, for example in a laboratory, from the cells of another animal or plant. A clone is exactly the same as the original animal or plant.
N-COUNT

3. clone clones cloning cloned
To clone an animal or plant means to produce it as a clone.

- The idea of cloning extinct life forms still belongs to science fiction.

VB

close

[D.J.:kləuz]

[K.K.:klos]

vt. & vi.

(使)关, 关闭

终止

[kləus]

adj.

接近的

关系亲密的

中间无空隙的, 浓缩的, 挤紧的

势均力敌的

adv.

中间无空隙地, 位置接近地

n.

终结, 结束, 末尾

closed

[D.J.:kləʊzd]

[K.K.:klozd]

adj.

停止营业的,不开放的,关闭的

封闭的;排外的;闭关自守的

behind closed doors

与外界隔绝；秘密地；暗中

a closed book (to sb)

一窍不通的事物；完全不了解的人

a closed shop

只雇用工会会员的工厂(或商店等)

closed circuit

闭路式;闭路式电视

closed-door

adj.

关着门的,秘密的

closed-doorism

n.

关门主义

closed-door

[D.J.:ˈkləuzdˈdɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈklozdˌdɔr, -ˌdor]

adj.

非公开的

closed-doorism

n.

关门主义

closely

[D.J.:ˈkləʊslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkloslɪ]

adv.

接近地

紧密地

亲近地,亲密地

严密地,仔细地

节省地;吝啬地

closeness

[D.J.:ˈkləʊsnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈklosnɪs]

n.

接近;极相似

亲密

严密;精密

密闭;闭塞;窒闷;闷热

吝啬

closer

[D.J.:ˈkləuzə]

[K.K.:ˈklozɚ]

adj.

靠近的

closest

adj.

最靠近的

closing

[D.J.:ˈkləuziŋ]

[K.K.:ˈklozɪŋ]

n.,adj.

结束(的)

close 1 shutting or completing *****

1. close closes closing closed
When you close something such as a door or lid or when it closes , it moves so that a hole, gap, or opening is covered.

- If you are cold, close the window.

- Zacharias heard the door close.

- Keep the curtains closed.

V-ERG
= shut ≠ open

2. close closes closing closed
When you close something such as an open book or umbrella, you move the different parts of it together.

- Slowly he closed the book.

VB

3. close closes closing closed
When you close your eyes or your eyes close , your eyelids move downwards, so that you can no longer see.

- Bess closed her eyes and fell asleep.

V-ERG

4. close closes closing closed
When a place closes or is closed , work or activity stops there for a short period.

- Shops close only on Christmas Day and New Year's Day.

- It was Saturday; they could close the office early.

- Government troops closed the airport.

- The restaurant was closed for the night.

V-ERG
= shut ≠ open

5. close closes closing closed
If a place such as a factory, shop, or school closes , or if it is closed , all work or activity stops there permanently.

- Many enterprises will be forced to close.

- If they do close the local college I'll have to go to Worcester.

V-ERG

6. close down closes down; closing down; closed down
close down means the same as close .

- Minford closed down the business and went into politics.

- Many of the smaller stores have closed down.

PHR-V-ERG

7. closing

- ...since the closing of the steelworks in nearby Duquesne in 1984.

N-SING
= closure

8. close closes closing closed
To close a road or border means to block it in order to prevent people from using it.

- They were cut off from the West in 1948 when their government closed that border crossing.

VB

9. close closes closing closed
To close a conversation, event, or matter means to bring it to an end or to complete it.

- Judge Isabel Oliva said last night: `I have closed the case. There was no foul play.'.

- He needs another $30,000 to close the deal.

- The Prime Minister is said to now consider the matter closed.

- ...the closing ceremony of the National Political Conference.

VB

10. close closes closing closed
If you close a bank account, you take all your money out of it and inform the bank that you will no longer be using the account.

- He had closed his account with the bank five years earlier.

VB
≠ open

11. close closes closing closed
On the stock market or the currency markets, if a share price or a currency closes at a particular value, that is its value at the end of the day's business.

- Dawson shares closed at 219p, up 5p.

- The US dollar closed higher in Tokyo today.

VB
≠ open

12. close
The close of a period of time or an activity is the end of it. To bring or draw something to a close means to end it.

- By the close of business last night, most of the big firms were hailing yesterday's actions as a success.

- Brian's retirement brings to a close a glorious chapter in British football history.

- As 1999 draws to a close, the story is changing.

N-SING: oft the N of n, to a N
= end

close 2 nearness; adjective uses *****

1. close closer closest
If one thing or person is close to another, there is only a very small distance between them.

- Her lips were close to his head and her breath tickled his ear.

- The whales were too close; this posed an immediate problem for my photography.

- The man moved closer, lowering his voice.

- The tables were pushed close together so diners could talk across the aisles.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, ADJ after v, oft ADJ prep/adv
= near ≠ far

2. closely

- They crowded more closely around the stretcher.

- Wherever they went they were closely followed by security men.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

3. close closer closest
You say that people are close to each other when they like each other very much and know each other very well.

- She and Linda became very close.

- As a little girl, Karan was closest to her sister Gail.

- I shared a house with a close friend from school.

- I had a close relationship with my grandfather.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
= intimate

4. closeness

- I asked whether her closeness to her mother ever posed any problems.

N-UNCOUNT

5. close closer closest
Your close relatives are the members of your family who are most directly related to you, for example your parents and your brothers or sisters.

- ...large changes such as the birth of a child or death of a close relative.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
≠ distant

6. close closer closest
A close ally or partner of someone knows them well and is very involved in their work.

- He was once regarded as one of Mr Brown's closest political advisers.

- A senior source close to Mr Blair told us: `Our position has not changed.'

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n, also v-link ADJ to n

7. close closer closest
Close contact or co-operation involves seeing or communicating with someone often.

- Both nations are seeking closer links with the West.

- He lived alone, keeping close contact with his three grown-up sons.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

8. closely

- We work closely with the careers officers in schools.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

9. close closer closest
If there is a close connection or resemblance between two things, they are strongly connected or are very similar.

- There is a close connection between pain and tension.

- Clare's close resemblance to his elder sister invoked a deep dislike in him.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= strong

10. closely

- ...a pattern closely resembling a cross.

- ...fruits closely related to the orange.

ADV-GRADED: ADV before v, ADV -ed

11. close closer closest
Close inspection or observation of something is careful and thorough.

- He discovered, on closer inspection, that the rocks contained gold.

- All these definitions, while sounding impressive, do not stand up under close scrutiny.

- Let's have a closer look.

ADJ-GRADED
= thorough

12. closely

- If you look closely at many of the problems in society, you'll see evidence of racial discrimination.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

13. close closer closest
A close competition or election is won or seems likely to be won by only a small amount.

- It is still a close contest between two leading opposition parties.

- It's going to be very close.

ADJ-GRADED

14. closely

- This will be a closely fought race.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV -ed

15. close closer closest
If you are close to something or if it is close , it is likely to happen or come soon. If you are close to doing something, you are likely to do it soon.

- She sounded close to tears.

- Drought has left more than two million people close to starvation.

- A senior White House official said the agreement is close.

- He's close to signing a contract.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to n/-ing
= near

16. close closer closest
If something is close or comes close to something else, it almost is, does, or experiences that thing.

- There is a simplicity about the interior which comes close to blandness.

- An airliner came close to disaster while approaching Heathrow Airport.

- Her desire was closer to passion than love.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to n
= near

17. close closer closest
If the atmosphere somewhere is close , it is unpleasantly warm with not enough air.
ADJ-GRADED

18. close
Something that is close by or close at hand is near to you.

- Did a new hairdressing shop open close by?.

- His wife remains behind in Germany, but Jason, his 18-year-old son, is closer at hand.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, PHR after v
= near by

19. close
If you describe an event as a close shave , a close thing , or a close call , you mean that an accident or a disaster very nearly happened.

- You had a close shave, but you knew when you accepted this job that there would be risks.

PHR

20. close
If you keep a close eye on someone or something or keep a close watch on them, you observe them carefully to make sure they are progressing as you want them to.

- The President's foreign policy team are keeping a close eye on events.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR on n

21. close
Close to a particular amount or distance means slightly less than that amount or distance. In British English, you can also say close on a particular amount or distance.

- Sisulu spent close to 30 years in prison.

- Close to 50,000 people took part.

- Catering may now account for close on a quarter of pub turnover.

PHR-PREP: PREP amount
= almost nearly

22. close
If you look at something close up or close to , you look at it when you are very near to it.

- They always look smaller close up.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR
See also close-up .

23. close
If something such as a competition or an election is too close to call , it is not possible to predict who will win because it seems likely to be won by only a very small margin. (JOURNALISM)

- In the Senate, the count is too close to call at this point.

PHR: PHR with cl

close 3 nearness; verb uses ***

close closes closing closed
If you are closing on someone or something that you are following, you are getting nearer and nearer to them.

- I was within 15 seconds of the guy in second place and closing on him.

VB

close 4 used as a road name

Close
Close is used in the names of some streets in Britain.

- ...116 Dendridge Close.

N-IN-NAMES: n N

closed **

closed
A closed group of people does not welcome new people or ideas from outside.

- They said that the EC had never been a closed circle.

- It is a closed society in the sense that they've not been exposed to many things.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ open

closing *

closing
The closing part of an activity or period of time is the final part of it.

- He entered RAF service in the closing stages of the war.

- They almost won the match in the closing minutes.

- The north cannot achieve sustained economic development without the south, he added in his closing remarks.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also close .

close

verb

1.

shut

bar

block

lock

plug

seal

secure

stop up

2.

end

cease

complete

conclude

finish

shut down

terminate

wind up

3.

connect

come together

couple

fuse

join

unite

noun

4.

end

completion

conclusion

culmination

denouement

ending

finale

finish

close

adjective

1.

near

adjacent

adjoining

at hand

cheek by jowl

handy

impending

nearby

neighbouring

nigh

2.

intimate

attached

confidential

dear

devoted

familiar

inseparable

loving

3.

careful

detailed

intense

minute

painstaking

rigorous

thorough

4.

compact

congested

crowded

dense

impenetrable

jam-packed

packed

tight

5.

stifling

airless

heavy

humid

muggy

oppressive

stuffy

suffocating

sweltering

6.

secretive

private

reticent

secret

taciturn

uncommunicative

7.

mean

miserly

stingy

closed

adjective

1.

shut

fastened

locked

out of service

sealed

2.

exclusive

restricted

3.

finished

concluded

decided

ended

over

resolved

settled

terminated

close off *****

close off closes off; closing off; closed off
To close something off means to separate it from other things or people so that they cannot go there.

- Police closed off about 12 blocks of a major San Francisco thoroughfare for today's march.

- The old guard of leaders are closed off behind walls built of yesterday's ideology.

PHR-V

close up *****

1. close up closes up; closing up; closed up
If someone closes up a building, they shut it completely and securely, often because they are going away.

- Just close up the shop.

- The summer house had been closed up all year.

PHR-V
= shut up lock up

2. close up closes up; closing up; closed up
If an opening, gap, or something hollow closes up , or if you close it up , it becomes closed or covered.

- Don't use cold water as it shocks the blood vessels into closing up.

PHR-V-ERG

close in ***

1. close in closes in; closing in; closed in
If a group of people close in on a person or place, they come nearer and nearer to them and gradually surround them.

- Hitler himself committed suicide as Soviet forces were closing in on Berlin.

- As Parretti walked across the tarmac, fraud officers closed in.

PHR-V
= move in

2. close in closes in; closing in; closed in
When winter or darkness closes in , it arrives.

- The dark nights and cold weather are closing in.

PHR-V
= descend

close-cropped

adj.

剪短了的(头发);短发的

close-cropped

close-cropped
Close-cropped hair or grass is cut very short.
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

closed circuit

closed circuit
A closed circuit television or video system is one that operates within a limited area such as a building.

- There's a closed-circuit television camera in the reception area.

ADJ: ADJ n

closed shop

closed shop closed shops
If a factory, shop, or other business is a closed shop , the employees must be members of a particular trade union.

- ...the trade union which they are required to join under the closed shop agreement.

N-COUNT

close-fitting

adj.

紧身的,贴身的

close-fitting

close-fitting
Close-fitting clothes fit tightly and show the shape of your body.
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

close-knit

[D.J.:ˈkləʊsˌnɪt]

[K.K.:ˈklosˌnɪt]

adj.

紧密的,组织严密的

close-knit

close-knit
A close-knit group of people are closely linked, do things together, and take an interest in each other.

- We're a very close-knit family.

- Events over the last year have created a close-knit community.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

close-run

close-run
If you describe something such as a race or contest as a close-run thing, you mean that it was only won by a very small amount.

- It was a close run thing before Spain beat Poland 3-2.

- In such a close-run race as this election, the campaign becomes all important.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

close season *

close season
In soccer and some other sports, the close season is the period of the year when the sport is not played professionally. (BRIT)

- Roberts joined the club in the close season on a free transfer from West Bromwich.

N-SING (AM) closed season

closet

[D.J.:ˈklɔzit]

[K.K.:ˈklɑzɪt, ˈklɔzɪt]

n.

橱, 壁橱

〈旧〉 厕所

adj.

私下的, 隐蔽的

closet *

1. closet closets
A closet is a piece of furniture with doors at the front and shelves inside, which is used for storing things. (AM; in BRIT use cupboard )
N-COUNT

2. closet closets
A closet is a very small room for storing things, especially one without windows. (AM; ALSO BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

3. closet
Closet is used to describe a person who has beliefs, habits, or feelings which they keep secret, often because they are embarrassed about them. Closet is also used of their beliefs, habits, or feelings.

- He is a closet Fascist.

- ...closet misogyny.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. closet
If someone comes out of the closet , they tell people that they are homosexual after having kept this a secret.
PHR: V inflects

5. closet
If someone comes out of the closet , they reveal or discuss something which they have previously kept secret. You can also say that an issue comes out of the closet when it starts to be publicly discussed.
PHR: V inflects

closeted

closeted
If you are closeted with someone, you are talking privately to them. (LITERARY or FORMAL)

- The prime minister has been closeted with his finance ministers for the past 12 hours.

- Charles and I were closeted in his study for the briefing session.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with/in n

close-up

[D.J.:ˈkləuzʌp]

[K.K.:ˈklosˌʌp]

n.

特写镜头,从近处仔细的观察,小传

close-up *

close-up close-ups
If you see something in close-up , you see it in great detail in a photograph or piece of film which has been taken very near to the subject.

- ...a close-up of Harvey's face.

- Hughes stared up at him in close-up from the photograph.

PHR

closing price

closing price closing prices
On the Stock Exchange, the closing price of a share is its price at the end of a day's business.

- The price is slightly above yesterday's closing price.

N-COUNT

closing time

closing time closing times
Closing time is the time when something such as a shop, library, or pub closes and people have to leave.

- He met his brother John and some friends in a pub and they stayed until closing time.

N-VAR

closure

[D.J.:ˈkləʊʒə]

[K.K.:ˈkloʒɚ]

n.

停业,关闭,结束

closure **

1. closure closures
The closure of a place such as a business or factory is the permanent ending of the work or activity there.

- ...the closure of the Ravenscraig steelworks.

- ...British Coal's proposed pit closures...

- Almost three in four clinics say they face closure by the end of the year.

N-VAR

2. closure closures
The closure of a road or border is the blocking of it in order to prevent people from using it.
N-COUNT: usu with supp

clot

[D.J.:klɔt]

[K.K.:klɑt]

n.

凝块, 血块

蠢人, 傻瓜

clotted

[D.J.:ˈklɔtid]

[K.K.:ˈklɑtɪd]

adj.

凝结的

clotting

凝固

clot *

1. clot clots
A clot is a sticky lump that forms when blood dries up or becomes thick.

- He needed emergency surgery to remove a blood clot from his brain.

N-COUNT

2. clot clots clotting clotted
When blood clots , it becomes thick and forms a lump.

- The patient's blood refused to clot.

- Aspirin apparently thins the blood and inhibits clotting.

- ...dark clotted blood.

VB

cloth

[D.J.:klɔθ]

[K.K.:klɔθ, klɑθ]

n.

布, 布料

用作某种用途的布

cloth **

1. cloth cloths
Cloth is fabric which is made by weaving or knitting a substance such as cotton, wool, silk, or nylon. Cloth is used especially for making clothes.

- She began cleaning the wound with a piece of cloth.

N-MASS
= fabric material

2. cloth cloths
A cloth is a piece of cloth which you use for a particular purpose, such as cleaning something or covering something.

- Clean the surface with a damp cloth.

- ...a tray covered with a cloth.

N-COUNT

3. cloth
The cloth is sometimes used to refer to Christian priests and ministers.

- I've got as much respect for the cloth as the next man.

- ...a man of the cloth.

N-SING: the N
= clergy ≠ laity

cloth

noun

fabric

material

textiles

cloth cap

cloth cap cloth caps
A cloth cap is a soft flat cap with a stiff, curved part at the front called a peak. Cloth caps are usually worn by men.
N-COUNT

clothe

[D.J.:kləʊð]

[K.K.:kloð]

vt.

穿(衣);给…提供衣服

(用语言)表达

<文>覆盖;笼罩

clothes

[D.J.:kləuðz]

[K.K.:kloz, kloðz]

n.

衣服, 衣物

clothing

[D.J.:ˈkləuðiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkloðɪŋ]

n.

衣服, 服装

clothe

clothe clothes clothing clothed
To clothe someone means to provide them with clothes to wear.

- She was on her own with two kids to feed and clothe.

VB
See also clothed , clothes , clothing .

clothed *

1. clothed
If you are clothed in a certain way, you are dressed in that way.

- He lay down on the bed fully clothed.

- She was clothed in a flowered dress.

- ...women clothed in black.

ADJ: adv ADJ, v-link ADJ in n
= dressed

2. clothed
If a place or thing is clothed in something, it is covered in that thing. (LITERARY)

- The south side of the gorge is now clothed in trees.

ADJ: v-link ADJ in n
= covered

clothes ****

clothes
Clothes are the things that people wear, such as shirts, coats, trousers, and dresses.

- Moira walked upstairs to change her clothes.

- He dressed quickly in casual clothes.

N-PLURAL
See also plain-clothes .

clothing ***

clothing
Clothing is the things that people wear.

- Some locals offered food and clothing to the refugees.

- What is your favourite item of clothing?.

- Wear protective clothing.

- ...the clothing industry.

N-UNCOUNT

clothe

verb

dress

array

attire

cover

drape

equip

fit out

garb

robe

swathe

clothes

plural noun

clothing

apparel

attire

costume

dress

garb

garments

gear informal

outfit

wardrobe

wear

clothing

noun

clothes

apparel

attire

costume

dress

garb

garments

gear informal

outfit

wardrobe

wear

clothes horse

1. clothes horse clothes horses
A clothes horse is a folding frame used inside someone's house to hang washing on while it dries.
N-COUNT

2. clothes horse clothes horses
If you describe someone, especially a woman, as a clothes horse , you mean that they are fashionable and think a lot about their clothes, but have little intelligence or no other abilities.
N-COUNT disapproval

clothesline

[D.J.:ˈkləʊzˌlaɪn, ˈkləʊðz-]

[K.K.:ˈklozˌlaɪn, ˈkloðz-]

n.

晒衣绳

clothesline

clothesline clotheslines
A clothesline is a thin rope on which you hang washing so that it can dry.

- He hung his clothes out to dry on the clothesline across the doorway.

N-COUNT also clothes line .
= washing line

clothes peg

clothes peg clothes pegs
A clothes peg is a small device which you use to fasten clothes to a washing line. (BRIT; in AM use clothespin )
N-COUNT

clothespin

[D.J.:ˈkləuðzpin]

[K.K.:ˈklozˌpɪn, ˈkloðz-]

n.

晒衣绳上夹衣服之夹子

clothespin

clothespin clothespins
A clothespin is the same as a clothes peg . (AM)
N-COUNT

clotted cream

clotted cream
Clotted cream is very thick cream made by heating milk gently and taking the cream off the top. It is made mainly in the south west of England.
N-UNCOUNT

cloud

[D.J.:klaud]

[K.K.:klaʊd]

n.

云

团, 群

造成不愉快或不明朗的事物

vt. & vi.

(使)某物变得阴沉暗淡, 不清楚

vi.

(某人的脸)显得阴沉或忧伤

clouded

adj.

乌云密布的,阴的,有暗影的

clouding

n.

暗晦,湿润,不清爽

clouds

多云天

cloud ***

1. cloud clouds
A cloud is a mass of water vapour that floats in the sky. Clouds are usually white or grey in colour.

- ...the varied shapes of the clouds...

- The sky was almost entirely obscured by cloud.

- ...the risks inherent in flying through cloud.

N-VAR

2. cloud clouds
A cloud of something such as smoke or dust is a mass of it floating in the air.

- The hens darted away on all sides, raising a cloud of dust.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. cloud clouds clouding clouded
If you say that something clouds your view of a situation, you mean that it makes you unable to understand the situation or judge it properly.

- Perhaps anger had clouded his vision, perhaps his judgement had been faulty.

- In his latter years religious mania clouded his mind.

VB

4. cloud clouds clouding clouded
If you say that something clouds a situation, you mean that it makes it unpleasant.

- The atmosphere has already been clouded by the BJP's anger at the media.

VB

5. cloud clouds clouding clouded
If your eyes or face cloud or if sadness or anger clouds them, your eyes or your face suddenly show sadness or anger. (LITERARY)

- Trish's face clouded with disappointment.

- As he looked at Katherine, great sorrow clouded his eyes.

V-ERG

6. cloud over clouds over; clouding over; clouded over
Cloud over means the same as cloud .

- I saw Sean's face cloud over at this blatant lie.

PHR-V

7. cloud clouds clouding clouded
If glass clouds or if moisture clouds it, tiny drops of water cover the glass, making it difficult to see through.

- The mirror clouded beside her cheek.

- I run the water very hot, clouding the mirror.

V-ERG
= mist

8. cloud
If you say that someone has their head in the clouds , you are criticizing them because they are ignoring or are unaware of the problems associated with a situation. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V and N inflect disapproval

9. cloud
If you say that someone is on cloud nine , you are emphasizing that they are very happy. (INFORMAL)

- When Michael was born I was on cloud nine.

PHR: usu v-link PHR emphasis

10. cloud
If someone is under a cloud , people have a poor opinion of them because of something they have done.

- The military are under a cloud for killing civilians while breaking up a demonstration.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v
= in disgrace

cloud over ***

cloud over clouds over; clouding over; clouded over
If the sky clouds over , it becomes covered with clouds.

- After a fine day, the sky had clouded over and suddenly rain lashed against the windows.

PHR-V
See also cloud 5.

cloud

noun

1.

mist

gloom

haze

murk

vapour

verb

2.

obscure

becloud

darken

dim

eclipse

obfuscate

overshadow

shade

shadow

veil

3.

confuse

disorient

distort

impair

muddle

muddy the waters

cloudburst

[D.J.:ˈklaʊdˌbɜ:st]

[K.K.:ˈklaʊdˌbə..st]

n.

(突然的)暴雨,倾盆大雨

cloudburst

cloudburst cloudbursts
A cloudburst is a sudden, very heavy fall of rain.
N-COUNT

cloud-cuckoo-land

[klaudˈkuku:lænd]

n.

脱离现实的幻境

cloud-cuckoo-land

cloud-cuckoo-land
If you say that someone is living in cloud-cuckoo-land , you are criticizing them because they think there are no problems and that things will happen exactly as they want them to, when this is obviously not the case. (mainly BRIT)

- I think that if you expect industry to comply with the spirit of the regulations then you're living in cloud-cuckoo-land.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N disapproval

cloudless

[D.J.:ˈklaʊdlɪs]

adj.

无云的,晴朗的

cloudlessly

adv.

无云地,晴朗地

cloudless

cloudless
If the sky is cloudless , there are no clouds in it.
ADJ
≠ cloudy

cloudier

[ˈklaudiə]

n.

人造云

cloudy

[D.J.:ˈklaudi]

[K.K.:ˈklaʊdi]

adj.

乌云密布的, 多云的, 阴天的

不清晰的, 模糊的, 不透明的

cloudy *

1. cloudy cloudier cloudiest
If it is cloudy , there are a lot of clouds in the sky.

- ...a windy, cloudy day.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ cloudless

2. cloudy cloudier cloudiest
A cloudy liquid is less clear than it should be.
ADJ-GRADED

3. cloudy cloudier cloudiest
Ideas, opinions, or issues that are cloudy are confused or uncertain.

- ...an absurdly cloudy political debate...

- The legal position is very cloudy.

ADJ-GRADED
= indistinct

cloudy

adjective

1.

dull

dim

gloomy

leaden

louring or lowering

overcast

sombre

sunless

2.

opaque

muddy

murky

clout

[D.J.:klaʊt]

[K.K.:klaʊt]

n.

猛打;敲打

(尤指政治上的)影响

clouted

adj.

缀补的,凝固的

clout *

1. clout clouts clouting clouted
If you clout someone, you hit them. (INFORMAL)

- Rachel clouted him.

- The officer clouted her on the head.

VB

2. clout clouts
Also a noun.

- I was half tempted to give one of them a clout myself.

N-COUNT

3. clout
A person or institution that has clout has influence and power. (INFORMAL)

- Mr Sutherland may have the clout needed to push the two trading giants into a deal.

- The two firms wield enormous clout in financial markets.

N-UNCOUNT
= weight

clout

noun Informal

1.

influence

authority

power

prestige

pull

weight

verb

2.

hit

clobber slang

punch

sock slang

strike

thump

wallop informal

clove

[D.J.:kləuv]

[K.K.:klov]

n.

〈植〉小鳞茎, 小球茎

clove *

1. clove cloves
Cloves are small dried flower buds which are used as a spice.

- ...chicken soup with cloves.

N-VAR

2. clove cloves
A clove of garlic is one of the sections of a garlic bulb.
N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. Clove is a past tense of cleave .

cloven hoof

cloven hoof cloven hooves or cloven hoofs
Animals that have cloven hooves have feet that are divided into two parts. Cows, sheep, and goats have cloven hooves.
N-COUNT

clover

[D.J.:ˈkləʊvə]

[K.K.:ˈklovɚ]

n.

三叶草,苜蓿

<非正>生活舒适而富裕,生活优裕

in clover

养尊处优；生活优裕

clover

1. clover clovers
Clover is a small plant with pink or white ball-shaped flowers.

- ...a four leaf clover.

N-VAR

2. clover
If you say that someone is in clover , you mean that they are living a luxurious and comfortable life.

- ...a contract that Ford hoped would keep him in clover for the rest of his life.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

clown

[D.J.:klaun]

[K.K.:klaʊn]

n.

丑角, 小丑

行为荒诞滑稽的人

clown *

1. clown clowns
A clown is a performer in a circus who wears funny clothes and bright make-up, and does silly things in order to make people laugh.
N-COUNT

2. clown clowns clowning clowned
If you clown , you do silly things in order to make people laugh.

- He clowned with John Belushi and Bill Murray in National Lampoon shows.

VB
= mess around

3. clown aound; clowns around; clowning around; clowned around
Clown around and clown about mean the same as clown .

- Bev made her laugh, the way she was always clowning around.

PHR-V

4. clowning

- She senses that behind the clowning there is a terrible sense of anguish.

N-UNCOUNT

5. clown clowns
If you say that someone is a clown , you mean that they say funny things or do silly things to amuse people.

- He was laughing, the clown of the twosome, there always is one.

N-COUNT
= joker

6. clown clowns
If you describe someone as a clown , you disapprove of them and have no respect for them. (INFORMAL)

- I still think I could do a better job than those clowns in Washington.

N-COUNT disapproval
= idiot fool

clown

noun

1.

comedian

buffoon

comic

fool

harlequin

jester

joker

prankster

verb

2.

play the fool

act the fool

jest

mess about

clownish

[D.J.:ˈklaʊnɪʃ]

adj.

小丑似的;滑稽的;愚蠢的;傻的

clownish

clownish
If you describe a person's appearance or behaviour as clownish , you mean that they look or behave rather like a clown, and often that they appear rather foolish.

- He had a clownish sense of humour.

- ...their clownish stupidity.

ADJ-GRADED

cloying

[D.J.:ˈklɔɪɪŋ]

adj.

<正>(食物、气味等)甜得发腻的;使人腻烦的

(感情过于外露而) 令人腻烦的

cloying

1. cloying
You use cloying to describe something that you find unpleasant because it is much too sweet, or too sentimental.

- Her cheap, cloying scent enveloped him.

- Most TV kids are so cloying.

ADJ-GRADED
= nauseating

2. cloyingly

- The film is too cloyingly sentimental.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv

cloze

[D.J.:kləuz]

[K.K.:kloz]

adj.

完形的,填充测验法的

cloze

cloze clozes
In language teaching, a cloze test is a test in which words are removed from a text and replaced with spaces. The task of the learner is to fill each space with the missing word or a suitable word. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT: usu N n
= gap-fill

club

[D.J.:klʌb]

[K.K.:klʌb]

n.

社团, 俱乐部

(用作武器的)大棒, 棍棒

球棒, 球杆

clubbed

[D.J.:klʌbd]

[K.K.:klʌbd]

adj.

棒状的

clubbing

拖锚

club *****

1. club clubs
A club is an organization of people interested in a particular activity or subject who usually meet on a regular basis.

- ...the Chorlton Conservative Club.

- ...a youth club...

- He was club secretary.

N-COUNT

2. club clubs
A club is a place where the members of a club meet.

- I stopped in at the club for a drink.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

3. club clubs
A club is a team which competes in sporting competitions.

- ...the New York Yankees baseball club.

- ...Liverpool football club.

N-COUNT

4. club clubs
A club is the same as a nightclub .

- It's a big dance hit in the clubs.

- ...the London club scene.

N-COUNT

5. club clubs
A club is a long, thin, metal stick with a piece of wood or metal at one end that you use to hit the ball in golf.

- ...a six-iron club.

N-COUNT
= golf club

6. club clubs
A club is a thick heavy stick that can be used as a weapon.

- Men armed with knives and clubs attacked his home.

N-COUNT

7. club clubs clubbing clubbed
To club a person or animal means to hit them hard with a thick heavy stick or a similar weapon.

- Two thugs clubbed him with baseball bats.

- Clubbing baby seals to death for their pelts is wrong.

VB

8. club
Clubs is one of the four suits in a pack of playing cards. Each card in the suit is marked with one or more black symbols: ♣.

- ...the ace of clubs.

N-UNCOUNT-COLL

9. club clubs
A club is a playing card of this suit.

- The next player discarded a club.

N-COUNT

clubbing

clubbing
Clubbing is the activity of going to night clubs.
N-UNCOUNT

club

noun

1.

association

company

fraternity

group

guild

lodge

set

society

union

2.

stick

bat

bludgeon

cosh Brit.

cudgel

truncheon

verb

3.

beat

bash

batter

bludgeon

cosh Brit.

hammer

pummel

strike

club together *****

club together clubs together; clubbing together; clubbed together
If people club together to do something, they all give money towards the cost of it. (BRIT)

- For my thirtieth birthday, my friends clubbed together and bought me a watch.

PHR-V

clubbable

[D.J.:ˈklʌbəbl]

[K.K.:ˈklʌbəbəl]

adj.

够俱乐部会员资格的; 好交际的

clubbable

clubbable
A clubbable person is friendly and likes being with other people, which makes them good members of social clubs.

- He is a clubbable chap.

ADJ-GRADED

clubber

[D.J.:ˈklʌbə]

[K.K.:ˈklʌbɚ]

n.

俱乐部会员,挥棒的人

clubber

clubber clubbers
A clubber is someone who regularly goes to nightclubs.
N-COUNT

clubby

[D.J.:ˈklʌbi]

[K.K.:ˈklʌbi]

adj.

俱乐部的,喜交际的,资格要求严的

clubby

clubby
If you describe an institution or a group of people as clubby , you mean that all the people in it are friendly with each other and do not welcome other people in. (INFORMAL)

- Politics is clubby, careerist, and cynical.

- The British media is in the hands of clubby men.

ADJ-GRADED
= cliquey

club foot

club foot club feet
If someone has a club foot , they are born with a badly twisted foot.
N-COUNT (AM) usually clubfoot

clubhouse

[D.J.:ˈklʌbhaus]

[K.K.:ˈklʌbˌhaʊs]

n.

俱乐部会所

clubhouse *

clubhouse clubhouses
A clubhouse is a place where the members of a club, especially a sports club, meet.
N-COUNT also club-house .

clubland

[ˈklʌblænd]

n.

俱乐部区,俱乐部街

clubland

1. clubland
A city's clubland is the area that contains all the best nightclubs. (BRIT)

- ...a drugs and guns tale set in London's clubland.

N-UNCOUNT

2. clubland
Clubland refers to the most popular nightclubs and the people that go to them. (BRIT)

- He was telling his tales of conquest in clubland.

- ...a contemporary clubland sound.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

club soda

club soda
Club soda is fizzy water used for mixing with alcoholic drinks and fruit juice. (mainly AM)
N-UNCOUNT
= soda water

cluck

[D.J.:klʌk]

[K.K.:klʌk]

n.

(母鸡)咯咯声

<俚>傻瓜，笨蛋

cluck

1. cluck clucks clucking clucked
When a hen clucks , it makes short, low noises.

- The hens were already roosting high above my head, clucking softly into their feathers.

VB

2. cluck clucks clucking clucked
To cluck over someone or something means to behave in a fussy or protective way.

- I've never been one to cluck over babies of either sex.

- The seamstresses cluck around a dummy, discussing a tuck here and there.

VB disapproval

3. cluck clucks clucking clucked
To cluck at someone or something means to make disapproving noises or say things in a disapproving way.

- Superintendent Fairbairn was still clucking at the photographers, warning them he'd be speaking to their editor.

- He clucks in disapproval.

- Teddy clucked his tongue like a disapproving English matron.

VB

clue

[D.J.:klu:]

[K.K.:klu]

n.

线索, 提示

vt.

〈非正〉为…提供最新情况(消息等)

clue **

1. clue clues
A clue to a problem or mystery is something that helps you to find the answer to it.

- Geneticists in Canada have discovered a clue to the puzzle of why our cells get old and die.

- How a man shaves may be a telling clue to his age.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

2. clue clues
A clue is an object or piece of information that helps someone solve a crime.

- The vital clue to the killer's identity was his nickname, Peanuts.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

3. clue clues
A clue in a crossword or game is information which is given to help you to find the answer to a question.
N-COUNT

4. clue
If you haven't a clue about something, you do not know anything about it or you have no idea what to do about it. (INFORMAL)

- I haven't a clue what I'll give Carl for his birthday next year.

PHR: usu PHR wh

clue

noun

indication

evidence

hint

lead

pointer

sign

suggestion

suspicion

trace

clued-up

clued-up
If you say that someone is clued-up on a particular subject, you are showing your approval of the fact that they have a great deal of detailed knowledge and information about it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I've always found him clued-up on whatever he was talking about.

- I'm quite clued up on America.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ on n/wh also clued up . approval

clueless

[D.J.:ˈklu:lɪs]

[K.K.:ˈklulɪs]

adj.

无能的;笨的

clueless

clueless
If you describe someone as clueless , you are showing your disapproval of the fact that they do not know anything about a particular subject or that they are incapable of doing a particular thing properly. (INFORMAL)

- I came into adult life clueless about a lot of things that most people take for granted.

- We have found some drivers clueless as to the law.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n disapproval

clueless

adjective

stupid

dim

dozy Brit. informal

dull

half-witted

simple

slow

thick

unintelligent

witless

clump

[D.J.:klʌmp]

[K.K.:klʌmp]

n.

(树、灌木、植物等的)丛、簇

(土、泥等)团;块

笨重的脚步声

clumping

聚丛

clump *

1. clump clumps
A clump of things such as trees or plants is a small group of them growing together.

- ...a clump of trees bordering a side road.

- ...a sweetly scented perennial that grows in clumps.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, in N in pl
= cluster

2. clump clumps
A clump of people or things such as wires or hair is a group of them collected together in one place.

- The only signs of life are occasional clumps of men, some armed, some not.

- I was combing my hair and it was just falling out in clumps.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, in N in pl

3. clump clumps clumping clumped
If someone clumps somewhere, they walk there with heavy, clumsy steps.

- They went clumping up the stairs.

- Men in big construction boots were clumping in and out with plans in their hands.

VB
= stomp

4. clump clumps clumping clumped
If things clump together , they gather together and form small groups or lumps.

- Brown rice takes longer to cook but it doesn't clump together as easily as white rice.

VB

clump

noun

1.

cluster

bunch

bundle

group

mass

verb

2.

stomp

lumber

plod

thud

thump

tramp

clumpy

[ˈklʌmpi]

adj.

成块的,树木丛生的,多块的

clumpy

clumpy clumpier clumpiest
Clumpy means big and clumsy.

- ...clumpy shoes.

ADJ-GRADED

clumsily

[D.J.:ˈkl ʌmzɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkl ʌmzɪlɪ]

adv.

笨拙地

粗陋地,形状难看地

clumsiness

n.

笨拙,简陋,丑陋

clumsy

[D.J.:ˈklʌmzi]

[K.K.:ˈklʌmzi]

adj.

笨拙的, 笨重的

clumsy *

1. clumsy clumsier clumsiest
A clumsy person moves or handles things in a careless, awkward way, often so that things are knocked over or broken.

- I'd never seen a clumsier, less coordinated boxer.

- Unfortunately, I was still very clumsy behind the wheel of the jeep.

ADJ-GRADED
= awkward ≠ coordinated

2. clumsily

- The rooks flew clumsily towards their nests.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. clumsiness

- His clumsiness and ineptitude with the wooden sticks did not embarrass him.

N-UNCOUNT

4. clumsy clumsier clumsiest
A clumsy action or statement is not skilful or is likely to upset people.

- The action seemed a clumsy attempt to topple the Janata Dal government.

- He denied the announcement was clumsy and insensitive.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ sensitive

5. clumsily

- If the matter were handled clumsily, it could cost Miriam her life.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

6. clumsiness

- I was ashamed at my clumsiness and insensitivity.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ sensitivity

7. clumsy clumsier clumsiest
An object that is clumsy is not neat in design or appearance, and is often awkward to use.

- The keyboard is a large and clumsy instrument as far as portable computers are concerned.

- It was a clumsy looking aeroplane.

ADJ-GRADED
= ungainly ≠ elegant

clumsy

adjective

awkward

bumbling

gauche

gawky

ham-fisted informal

lumbering

maladroit

ponderous

uncoordinated

ungainly

unwieldy

clunk

[D.J.:klʌŋk]

[K.K.:klʌŋk]

n.

沉闷的金属声

v.

发出沉闷声

clunk

1. clunk clunks
A clunk is a sound made by a heavy object hitting something hard.

- Something fell to the floor with a clunk.

N-COUNT: usu sing; SOUND

2. clunk clunks clunking clunked
If a heavy object clunks on or against something, it hits it and makes a dull sound.

- His feet clunked on the wooden steps.

- ...a slight clunking noise.

VB

clunker

[D.J.:ˈklʌŋkə]

[K.K.:ˈklʌŋkɚ]

n.

年久失修的旧机器

clunker

clunker clunkers
If you describe an machine, especially a car, as a clunker , you mean that it is very old and almost falling apart. (AM)
N-COUNT
= banger

clunky

clunky
If you describe something as clunky , you mean that it is solid, heavy, and rather awkward.

- ...a clunky piece of architecture.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

cluster

[D.J.:ˈklʌstə]

[K.K.:ˈklʌstɚ]

n.

(果实、花等的)串, 簇

(人、物等的)群, 组

vt. & vi.

(使)集中

clustered

[ˈklʌstəd]

adj.

丛生的; 群集的

(柱子、圆柱、门柱等)簇柱

clustering

[ˈklʌstəriŋ]

n.

聚类

cluster **

1. cluster clusters
A cluster of people or things is a small group of them close together.

- ...clusters of men in formal clothes...

- There's no town here, just a cluster of shops, cabins and motels at the side of the highway.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. cluster clusters clustering clustered
If people cluster together, they gather together in a small group.

- The passengers clustered together in small groups.

- The children clustered around me.

VB
See also clustered .

clustered *

clustered
If people or things are clustered somewhere, there is a group of them close together there.

- Officials were clustered at every open office door, talking excitedly.

- We pass villages clustered around wet rice fields.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep/adv

cluster

noun

1.

gathering

assemblage

batch

bunch

clump

collection

group

knot

verb

2.

gather

assemble

bunch

collect

flock

group

cluster bomb

cluster bomb cluster bombs
A cluster bomb is a type of bomb which is dropped from an aircraft. It contains a large number of smaller bombs that spread out before they hit the ground.
N-COUNT

clutch

[D.J.:klʌtʃ]

[K.K.:klʌtʃ]

vt.

抓住; 紧紧抓住

n.

把握, 抓紧

掌握, 控制

离合器

clutch **

1. clutch clutches clutching clutched
If you clutch at something or clutch something, you hold it tightly, usually because you are afraid or anxious.

- I staggered and had to clutch at a chair for support.

- She was clutching a photograph.

VB
= grasp grip

2. clutch clutches
If someone is in another person's clutches , that person has captured them or has power over them.

- Tony fell into the clutches of an attractive American who introduced him to drugs.

- Stojanovic escaped their clutches by jumping from a moving vehicle.

N-PLURAL: usu with poss
= grasp

3. clutch clutches
In a vehicle, the clutch is the pedal that you press before you change gear.

- Laura let out the clutch and pulled slowly away down the drive.

N-COUNT

4. clutch clutches
A clutch of eggs is a number of eggs laid by a bird at one time.

- ...the second clutch of eggs.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

5. clutch clutches
A clutch of people or things is a small group of them. (WRITTEN)

- The party has attracted a clutch of young southern liberals.

- ...a clutch of songs about adolescent experiences.

N-COUNT: N of n

clutch

verb

seize

catch

clasp

cling to

embrace

grab

grasp

grip

snatch

clutches

plural noun

power

claws

control

custody

grasp

grip

hands

keeping

possession

sway

clutter

[D.J.:ˈklʌtə]

[K.K.:ˈklʌtɚ]

n.

杂物, 零乱的东西

零乱

vt.

乱糟糟地堆满；把…弄得很乱

clutter sth up (with sth)

(以…) 塞满…

clutter *

1. clutter
Clutter is a lot of things in an untidy state, especially things that are not useful or necessary.

- Caroline prefers her worktops to be clear of clutter.

N-UNCOUNT

2. clutter clutters cluttering cluttered
If things or people clutter a place, they fill it in an untidy way.

- Empty soft-drink cans lie everywhere. They clutter the desks and are strewn across the floor.

- The roads were cluttered with cars and vans.

VB

3. clutter up; clutters up; cluttering up; cluttered up
Clutter up means the same as clutter .

- The vehicles cluttered up the car park.

- This room is so impressive it would be a shame to clutter it up.

PHR-V

4. cluttered

- ...a sad, dirty, cluttered room filled with the evidence of a sloppy man.

ADJ-GRADED

clutter

verb

1.

litter

scatter

strew

noun

2.

untidiness

confusion

disarray

disorder

hotchpotch

jumble

litter

mess

muddle

cm

abbr.

Cameroon 喀麦隆

Counter-Measures 反措施

Cruise Missile 巡航式导弹

centimeters 厘米, 公分

cm

abbr.

Cameroon 喀麦隆

Counter-Measures 反措施

Cruise Missile 巡航式导弹

centimeters 厘米,公分

cm.

centimeter 厘米，公分

cm **

cm
cm is the written abbreviation for centimetre .

- His height had increased by 2.5 cm.

Cmdr

Cmdr
Cmdr is a written abbreviation for Commander .

- ...Cmdr Richard Mason.

= commander

co-

[ˈkəu]

pref.

表示“联合,伴同”之义

co-

1. co-
co- is used to form verbs or nouns that refer to people sharing things or doing things together.

- ...commercial co-operation between the two countries...

- He co-produced the album with Bowie.

PREFIX

2. co-
co- is used to form nouns that refer to people who share a job or task with someone else.

- His co-workers hated him.

- Quincy Barnes is co-partner of a San Antonio firm that organizes trade shows.

PREFIX

Co

钴（cobalt）元素的符号

Co.

abbr.

Company 公司

Co.

abbr.

Company 公司

Co ****

1. Co
Co. is used as an abbreviation for company when it is part of the name of an organization.

- ...the Blue Star Amusement Co.

= company

2. Co
Co. is used as a written abbreviation for county before the names of some counties, especially in Ireland.

- ...Co. Waterford.

3. Co
You use and co. after someone's name to mean the group of people associated with that person. (INFORMAL)

- Wayne Hussey and co. will be playing two live sets each evening.

PHR: n-proper PHR

CO.

C.O C.O.s
A soldier's C.O. is his or her commanding officer .
N-COUNT

coach

[D.J.:kəutʃ]

[K.K.:kotʃ]

n.

长途客运汽车

(铁路)旅客车厢

教练, 指导

vt. & vi.

训练; 辅导

coaching

员工训导

coach ****

1. coach coaches
A coach is someone who trains a person or team of people in a particular sport.

- Tony Woodcock has joined German amateur team SC Brueck as coach.

N-COUNT
= trainer

2. coach coaches coaching coached
When someone coaches a person or a team, they help them to become better at a particular sport.

- Beckenbauer coached the West Germans to success in the World Cup final in Italy.

- He was an educated man who coached the roughest gang of football players ever.

VB
= train

3. coach coaches
A coach is a person who is in charge of a sports team. (AM; in BRIT use manager )
N-COUNT

4. coach coaches
In baseball, a coach is a member of a team who stands near the first or third base, and gives signals to other members of the team who are on bases and are trying to score. (AM)
N-COUNT

5. coach coaches
A coach is someone who gives people special teaching in a particular subject, especially in order to prepare them for an examination.

- What you need is a drama coach.

N-COUNT: oft n N
= teacher

6. coach coaches coaching coached
If you coach someone, you give them special teaching in a particular subject, especially in order to prepare them for an examination.

- He gently coached me in French.

VB

7. coach coaches
A coach is a large, comfortable bus that carries passengers on long journeys. (BRIT; in AM use bus )

- As we headed back to Calais, the coach was badly delayed by roadworks.

- I hate travelling by coach.

N-COUNT: also by N

8. coach coaches
A coach is one of the separate sections of a train that carries passengers. (BRIT; in AM use car )

- The train was an elaborate affair of sixteen coaches.

N-COUNT

9. coach coaches
A coach is an enclosed vehicle with four wheels which is pulled by horses, and in which people used to travel. Coaches are still used for ceremonial events in some countries, such as Britain.
N-COUNT

coach

noun

1.

bus

car

carriage

charabanc

vehicle

2.

instructor

handler

teacher

trainer

tutor

verb

3.

instruct

drill

exercise

prepare

train

tutor

coachload

coachload coachloads
A coachload of people is a group of people who are travelling somewhere together in a coach. (BRIT)

- Dorset is as yet unspoilt by coachloads of tourists.

N-COUNT: usu N of n also coach-load .

coachman

[D.J.:ˈkəutʃmæn]

[K.K.:ˈkotʃmən]

n.

马车夫

coachman

coachman coachmen
A coachman was a man who drove a coach that was pulled by horses. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

coach station

coach station coach stations
A coach station is an area or a building which coaches leave from or arrive at on regular journeys. (BRIT; in AM use bus station )
N-COUNT

coagulate

[D.J.:kəʊˈægjəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:koˈæɡjəˌlet]

vt. & vi.

凝固

使结块,使变稠

coagulation

[kəuˌæɡjuˈleiʃən]

n.

凝结,凝结物

coagulate

1. coagulate coagulates coagulating coagulated
When a liquid coagulates , it becomes very thick.

- As the egg whites cook, they coagulate and rise to the surface.

- The blood coagulates to stop wounds bleeding.

VB
= congeal

2. coagulation

- Blood becomes stickier to help coagulation in case of a cut.

N-UNCOUNT

coal

[D.J.:kəul]

[K.K.:kol]

n.

煤炭

煤块

coal ***

1. coal
Coal is a hard black substance that is extracted from the ground and burned as fuel.

- Gas-fired electricity is cheaper than coal.

- Today, oil and natural gas have replaced coal and wood in most areas.

N-UNCOUNT

2. coal coals
Coals are burning pieces of coal.

- The iron teakettle was hissing splendidly over live coals.

- When grilling on charcoal, it is important to get the coals white-hot before you start.

N-PLURAL

3. coal
If a person in authority hauls or drags someone over the coals , they speak to them severely about something foolish or wrong that they have done.

- I heard later that Uncle Jim had been hauled over the coals for not letting anyone know where we were.

- The museum's P.R. man was going to be dragged over the coals for sure.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR for n/-ing
= reprimand

4. coal
If someone is taking coals to Newcastle , they are trying to give or sell someone something that they already have a lot of.

- Taking a gun to the United States would be like taking coals to Newcastle.

PHR: usu v PHR

coalesce

[D.J.:ˌkəʊəˈles]

[K.K.:ˌkoəˈlɛs]

vi.

联合,合并

coalescence

n.

coalescent

adj.

coalescence

[ˌkəuəˈlesns]

n.

合并,接合,联合

coalescent

n.

合并,接合,联合

adj.

接合的,结合的,合并的

coalesce

coalesce coalesces coalescing coalesced
If two or more things coalesce , they come together and form a larger group or system. (FORMAL)

- Cities, if unrestricted, tend to coalesce into bigger and bigger conurbations.

- His sporting and political interests coalesced admirably in his writing about climbing.

VB
= amalgamate

coalesce

verb

blend

amalgamate

combine

fuse

incorporate

integrate

merge

mix

unite

coalface

[ˈkəulfeis]

n.

(煤矿井里的)采煤工作面, 采掘面

coalface

coalface coalfaces
In a coal mine, the coalface is the part where the coal is being cut out of the rock.
N-COUNT

coalfield

[D.J.:ˈkəulfi:ld]

[K.K.:ˈkolˌfild]

n.

煤田

coalfield

coalfield coalfields
A coalfield is a region where there is coal under the ground.

- The park lies on top of a coalfield.

N-COUNT

coalition

[D.J.:ˌkəuəˈliʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkoəˈlɪʃən]

n.

结合体, 同盟

coalition ***

1. coalition coalitions
A coalition is a government consisting of people from two or more political parties.

- Since June the country has had a coalition government.

- It took five months for the coalition to agree on and publish a medium-term economic programme.

N-COUNT: oft N n

2. coalition coalitions
A coalition is a group consisting of people from different political or social groups who are co-operating to achieve a particular aim.

- He had been opposed by a coalition of about 50 civil rights, women's and Latino organizations.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= alliance

coalition

noun

alliance

amalgamation

association

bloc

combination

confederation

conjunction

fusion

merger

union

coal mine *

coal mine coal mines
A coal mine is a place where coal is dug out of the ground.
N-COUNT also coalmine .

coal miner

coal miner coal miners
A coal miner is a person whose job is mining coal.
N-COUNT also coalminer .

coal scuttle

coal scuttle coal scuttles
A coal scuttle is a container for keeping coal in. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

coal tar

coal tar
Coal tar is a thick black liquid made from coal which is used for making drugs and chemical products.

- ...coal tar dyes.

N-UNCOUNT also coal-tar .

coarse

[D.J.:kɔ:s]

[K.K.:kɔrs, kors]

adj.

粗的, 粗糙的

粗野的, 粗鲁的

coarsely

[D.J.:ˈk ɔ:slɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkorslɪ]

adv.

粗糙地

鄙俗地

coarseness

n.

粗糙,劣等,粗劣的

coarse **

1. coarse coarser coarsest
Coarse things have a rough texture because they consist of thick threads or large pieces.

- ...a jacket made of very coarse cloth.

- ...a beach of coarse sand.

ADJ-GRADED
= rough ≠ fine

2. coarsely

- ...coarsely ground black pepper.

ADV

3. coarse coarser coarsest
If you describe someone as coarse , you mean that he or she talks and behaves in a rude and offensive way.

- The soldiers did not bother to moderate their coarse humour in her presence.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= vulgar crude

4. coarsely

- The women laughed coarsely at some vulgar joke.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. coarseness

- The coarseness of her cursing amazed the workmen.

N-UNCOUNT

coarse

adjective

1.

rough

crude

homespun

impure

unfinished

unpolished

unprocessed

unpurified

unrefined

2.

vulgar

earthy

improper

indecent

indelicate

ribald

rude

smutty

coarseness

noun

1.

roughness

crudity

unevenness

2.

vulgarity

bawdiness

crudity

earthiness

indelicacy

ribaldry

smut

uncouthness

coarsen

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:sn]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrsən, ˈkor-]

v.

(使)变粗糙

coarsening

(晶粒)长大,粗化

coarsen

1. coarsen coarsens coarsening coarsened
If something coarsens or is coarsened , it becomes thicker or rougher in texture.

- Skin thickens, dries and coarsens after sun exposure.

- ...his gnarled, coarsened features.

V-ERG

2. coarsen coarsens coarsening coarsened
If someone's behaviour or speech coarsens or if they coarsen it, they become less polite or they begin to speak in a less pleasant way.

- Her voice has deepened and coarsened with the years.

- He had coarsened his voice to an approximation of Cockney.

V-ERG

coast

[D.J.:kəust]

[K.K.:kost]

n.

海岸

coasting

[ˈkəustiŋ]

n.

沿岸航行,沿海贸易,海岸线

coast ****

1. coast coasts
The coast is an area of land that is next to the sea.

- Camp sites are usually situated along the coast, close to beaches.

- ...the west coast of Scotland.

N-COUNT: oft adj N, N of n

2. coast coasts coasting coasted
If a vehicle coasts somewhere, it continues to move there with the motor switched off, or without being pushed or pedalled.

- My gearbox broke with a crunch and I coasted into the pits to retire.

- They picked up momentum, then slipped into neutral and coasted quietly down the slope.

VB
= freewheel

3. coast coasts coasting coasted
If a person or a team is coasting , they are doing something easily, especially winning a competition.

- Ivan Lendl coasted to a 6-3, 6-2, 6-3 victory over Roger Rasheed.

- The company was coasting on the enormous success of its early products.

VB
= cruise

4. coast coasts coasting coasted
If you say that someone is coasting , you are emphasizing that they are not putting enough effort into what they are doing.

- There was a time when Charles was coasting at school and I should have told him to buckle down.

VB emphasis

5. coast along; coasts along; coasting along; coasted along
Coast along means the same as coast .

- Matthew had no drive. He coasted along on his good looks.

PHR-V

6. coast
If you say that the coast is clear , you mean that there is nobody around to see you or catch you.

- You can come out now,' he called. `The coast is clear. She's gone.'

PHR: V inflects

coast

noun

1.

shore

beach

border

coastline

seaboard

seaside

verb

2.

cruise

drift

freewheel

glide

sail

taxi

coastal

[D.J.:ˈkəʊstl]

adj.

在海岸上的;临海的,沿海的

coastal **

coastal
Coastal is used to refer to things that are in the sea or on the land near a coast.

- Local radio stations serving coastal areas often broadcast forecasts for yachtsmen.

- The fish are on sale from our own coastal waters.

ADJ: ADJ n

coaster

[D.J.:ˈkəʊstə]

[K.K.:ˈkostɚ]

n.

沿(近) 海航船； (国内)沿海港口间的贸易船

沿海航行者； 沿海贸易者； 沿海居民

垫子， 杯托

(滑坡用)橇； (供娱乐用的)弯曲滑坡的铁路

(自行车)前叉放脚处

惯性运转装置， 惯性飞行导弹； 滑翔机， 滑行者

飞轮， 超越(自由轮)离合器， 单向联轴节

coaster *

1. coaster coasters
A coaster is a small mat that you put underneath a glass or cup to protect the surface of a table.
N-COUNT

2. coaster coasters
A coaster is a ship that sails along the coast taking goods to ports. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

coastguard

[ˈkəustɡɑ:d]

n.

海岸警卫队

海岸警卫队队员

coastguard *

1. coastguard coastguards
A coastguard is an official who watches the sea near a coast in order to get help for sailors when they need it and to stop illegal activities. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT (AM) usually Coast Guard

2. coastguard
The coastguard is the organization to which coastguards belong. (BRIT)

- The survivors were lifted off by two helicopters, one from the Coastguard and one from the RAF.

N-SING: the N (AM) usually Coast Guard

3. coastguard coastguards
The Coast Guard is a part of a country's military forces and is responsible for protecting the coast, carrying out rescues, and doing police work along the coast. (AM)

- The US Coast Guard says it rescued more than 100 Haitian refugees.

N-COUNT (AM) usually Coast Guard

4. coastguard coastguards
A Coast Guard is a member of the coastguard. (AM)

- The boat was intercepted by US Coast Guards.

N-COUNT (AM) usually Coast Guard

coastline

[D.J.:ˈkəʊstˌlaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈkostˌlaɪn]

n.

海岸线;海岸地形 (或轮廓);沿海地带

coastline *

coastline coastlines
A country's coastline is the outline of its coast.

- This is some of the most exposed coastline in the world.

- Thousands of volunteers gave up part of their weekend to clean up the California coastline.

N-VAR: oft supp N

coat

[D.J.:kəut]

[K.K.:kot]

n.

上衣, 外套

vt.

为某物涂抹

coated

[ˈkəutid]

adj.

涂上一层的

coating

[D.J.:ˈkəʊtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkotɪŋ]

n.

涂层,覆盖层

外衣布料

coatings

涂料

coat ***

1. coat coats
A coat is a piece of clothing with long sleeves which you wear over your other clothes when you go outside.

- He turned off the television, put on his coat and walked out.

N-COUNT

2. coat coats
An animal's coat is the fur or hair on its body.

- Vitamin B6 is great for improving the condition of dogs' and horses' coats.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

3. coat coats coating coated
If you coat something with a substance or in a substance, you cover it with a thin layer of the substance.

- Coat the fish with seasoned flour.

VB

4. coated

- TV pictures showed a dying bird coated with oil.

- Dip the pieces of squid in this mixture so that they are completely coated.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, ADJ with/in n, adv ADJ

5. coat coats
A coat of paint or varnish is a thin layer of it on a surface.

- The front door needs a new coat of paint.

- You will need to apply three coats of varnish.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

coating *

coating coatings
A coating of a substance is a thin layer of it spread over a surface.

- Under the coating of dust and cobwebs, he discovered a fine French Louis XVI clock.

- ...fluffy chocolate mousse, topped off with a crisp chocolate coating.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

coat

noun

1.

fur

fleece

hair

hide

pelt

skin

wool

2.

layer

coating

covering

overlay

verb

3.

cover

apply

plaster

smear

spread

-coated

1. -coated
-coated combines with colour adjectives such as `white' and `red', or words for types of coat like `fur', to form adjectives that describe someone as wearing a certain sort of coat.

- At the top of the stairs stood the white-coated doctors.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

2. -coated
-coated combines with names of substances such as `sugar' and `plastic' to form adjectives that describe something as being covered with a thin layer of that substance.

- ...chocolate-coated sweets.

- ...plastic-coated wire.

COMB in ADJ

coat hanger

coat hanger coat hangers
A coat hanger is a curved piece of wood, metal, or plastic that you hang a piece of clothing on.
N-COUNT also coathanger .

coat of arms

coat of arms coats of arms
The coat of arms of a family, town, or organization is a special design in the form of a shield that they use as a symbol of their identity. (mainly BRIT)

- There was a stained-glass window with the family coat of arms.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= crest

coat-tails

1. coat-tails
Coat-tails are the two long pieces at the back of a tailcoat .
N-PLURAL: oft poss N also coattails .

2. coat-tails
If you do something on the coat-tails of someone else, you are able to do it because of the other person's success, and not because of your own efforts.

- Then, he was largely unknown and could ride on the coat-tails of Reagan.

PHR: usu PHR after v also coattails .

co-author

n.

合著者

co-author *

1. co-author co-authors
The co-authors of a book, play, or report are the people who have written it together.

- He is co-author, with Andrew Blowers, of `The International Politics of Nuclear Waste'.

N-COUNT: oft N of n also coauthor .

2. co-author co-authors co-authoring co-authored
If two or more people co-author a book, play, or report, they write it together.

- He's co-authored a book on Policy for Tourism.

- Karen Matthews co-authored the study with Lewis Kullers.

VB also coauthor .

coax

[D.J.:kəuks]

[K.K.:koks]

vt.

哄, 用好话劝说

巧言骗取

coaxing

哄骗(的)

coax *

1. coax coaxes coaxing coaxed
If you coax someone into doing something, you gently try to persuade them to do it.

- After lunch, she watched, listened and coaxed Bobby into talking about himself.

- The government coaxed them to give up their strike by promising them temporary residence permits.

VB
= cajole

2. coax coaxes coaxing coaxed
If you coax something such as information out of someone, you gently persuade them to give it to you.

- The WPC talked yesterday of her role in trying to coax vital information from the young victim.

- It took Louis until Easter to coax a grudging consent from the French King.

VB
= wheedle

3. coax coaxes coaxing coaxed
If you coax a machine or device into doing something, you make it work by operating it very slowly and gently.

- He would stride on stage then proceed to coax the sweetest possible sounds out of his violin.

- He was delighted to coax the monoplane to 330 m.p.h.

VB

coax

verb

persuade

allure

cajole

entice

prevail upon

sweet-talk informal

talk into

wheedle

cob

[D.J.:kɔb]

[K.K.:kɑb]

n.

雄天鹅

一种壮实的矮脚马

玉米棒子

cobs

[kɔbz]

n.

(显示器上由调频引起的)钟形失真

cob *

1. cob cobs
A cob is a round loaf of bread. (BRIT)
N-COUNT
= roll

2. cob cobs
A cob is a type of short strong horse.
N-COUNT

cobalt

[D.J.:kəˈbɔ:lt,ˈkəubɔ:lt]

[K.K.:ˈkoˌbɔlt]

n.

钴(符号为Co),钴类颜料,由钴制的深蓝色

cobalt *

1. cobalt
Cobalt is a hard silvery-white metal which is used to harden steel and for producing a blue dye.

- ...a country rich in copper, cobalt and diamonds.

N-UNCOUNT

2. cobalt
Cobalt or cobalt blue is a deep blue colour.

- They walked past stalls selling huge sprays of crimson, saffron and cobalt flowers.

- ...a woman in a soft cobalt blue dress.

COLOUR

cobble

[D.J.:ˈkɔbəl]

[K.K.:ˈkɑbəl]

vt.

粗劣地制作,草率地拼凑

修(鞋)

cobble sth together

匆匆制作； 胡乱拼凑； 粗制滥造

cobble

cobble cobbles
Cobbles are the same as cobblestones .

- They found Trish sitting on the cobbles of the stable yard.

N-COUNT: usu pl

cobble together

cobble together cobbles together; cobbling together; cobbled together
If you say that someone has cobbled something together , you mean that they have made or produced it roughly or quickly.

- The group had cobbled together a few decent songs.

- You can cobble it together from any old combination of garments.

PHR-V disapproval

cobbled

[D.J.:ˈkɔbɵld]

adj.

铺鹅卵石的

cobbled *

cobbled
A cobbled street has a surface made of cobblestones.

- Cottrell strode out across the cobbled courtyard.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

cobbler

[D.J.:ˈkɔblə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑblɚ]

n.

酥皮水果馅饼

修鞋匠

胡说;废话

cobblers

[ˈkɔbləz]

n.

〈俚〉胡说；废话

cobbler

1. cobbler cobblers
A cobbler is a person whose job is to make or mend shoes. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

2. cobbler
If you describe something that someone has just said as cobblers , you mean that you think it is nonsense. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The idea that greens are good for you is a load of cobblers.

- These guys talk an awful load of old cobblers.

N-UNCOUNT
= codswallop

cobblestone

[D.J.:ˈkɔbləstəun]

[K.K.:ˈkɑbəlˌston]

n.

圆石,鹅卵石

cobblestone

cobblestone cobblestones
Cobblestones are stones with a rounded upper surface which were once used for making streets.

- ...the narrow, cobblestone streets of the Left Bank.

N-COUNT: usu pl

cobra

[D.J.:ˈkəubrə]

[K.K.:ˈkobrə]

n.

眼镜蛇

cobra

cobra cobras
A cobra is a kind of poisonous snake that can make the skin on the back of its neck into a hood.
N-COUNT

cobweb

[D.J.:ˈkɔbˌweb]

[K.K.:ˈkɑbˌwɛb]

n.

蜘蛛网

cobweb

1. cobweb cobwebs
A cobweb is the net which a spider makes for catching insects.
N-COUNT

2. cobweb
If something blows or clears away the cobwebs , it makes you feel more mentally alert and lively when you had previously been feeling tired.

- ...a walk on the South Downs to blow away the cobwebs.

PHR: V inflects

cobwebbed

[ˈkɔbwebd]

adj.

布满蛛网的;蛛网状的

cobwebbed

cobwebbed
A cobwebbed surface is covered with cobwebs.

- There are tall, cobwebbed racks of musty clothing and piles of junk all over.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

cocaine

[D.J.:kəˈkein]

[K.K.:koˈken, ˈkoˌken]

n.

〈药〉可卡因

cocaine **

cocaine
Cocaine is a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to.
N-UNCOUNT

coccyx

[D.J.:ˈkɔksiks]

[K.K.:ˈkɑksɪks]

n.

尾骨

coccyx

coccyx coccyxes
The coccyx is the small triangular bone at the lower end of the spine in human beings and some apes.
N-COUNT The plural coccyges is used in American English.

cochineal

[D.J.:ˈkɔtʃini:l]

[K.K.:ˌkɑtʃəˈnil, ˈkɑtʃəˌnil, ˌkotʃə-, ˈkotʃə-]

n.

胭脂虫(由胭脂虫制成的)洋红

cochineal

cochineal
Cochineal is a red substance that is used for colouring food.
N-UNCOUNT

cochlea

[D.J.:ˈkɔkliə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑkliə, ˈkokliə]

n.

耳蜗

cochlea

cochlea cochleae
The cochlea is the spiral shaped part of the inner ear.
N-COUNT

cock

[D.J.:kɔk]

[K.K.:kɑk]

n.

公鸡

vt.

使某物竖起

使某物倾斜, 歪斜

cocked

[kɔkt]

adj.

竖起的

cocking

压簧杆

cock **

1. cock cocks
A cock is an adult male chicken. (mainly BRIT; in AM use rooster )

- The cock was announcing the start of a new day.

N-COUNT
= rooster

2. cock cocks
You refer to a male bird, especially a male game bird, as a cock when you want to distinguish it from a female bird. (mainly BRIT)

- ...a cock pheasant.

N-COUNT: oft N n

3. cock cocks
A man's cock is his penis. (INFORMAL) ( VERY RUDE)
N-COUNT

4. cock cocks cocking cocked
If you cock a part of your body in a particular direction, you lift it or point it in that direction.

- He paused and cocked his head as if listening.

- The Brigadier thought about this for a moment, head cocked to one side.

VB

5. cock cocks cocking cocked
If someone cocks their ear, they try very hard to hear something from a particular direction.

- He suddenly cocked an ear and listened.

- All ears were cocked for the footsteps on the stairs.

VB

6. cock cocks cocking cocked
When someone cocks a gun, they set a small device in the gun so that it is ready to fire.

- His hands were too weak to cock his revolver.

VB

cock up **

cock up cocks up; cocking up; cocked up
If you cock something up , you ruin it by doing something wrong. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- `Seems like I've cocked it up,' Egan said.

- They've cocked up the address.

PHR-V
See also cock-up .

cock-a-hoop

[D.J.:ˈkɔkəˈhu:p]

[K.K.:ˌkɑkəˈhup, -ˈhʊp]

adj.,adv.

得意洋洋的[地]

cock-a-hoop

cock-a-hoop
If you are cock-a-hoop , you are extremely pleased about something that you have done. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)
ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

cock-and-bull story

cock-and-bull story cock-and-bull stories
If you describe something that someone tells you as a cock-and-bull story , you mean that you do not believe it is true. (INFORMAL)

- Was it him who made you come to us with this cock-and-bull story?

N-COUNT

cockatoo

[D.J.:ˌkɔkəˈtu:]

[K.K.:ˈkɑkəˌtu]

n.

美冠鹦鹉(产于澳洲及东印度群岛等地)

cockatoo

cockatoo cockatoos
A cockatoo is a kind of parrot from Australia or New Guinea which has a bunch of feathers called a crest on its head.
N-COUNT

cocked hat

1. cocked hat cocked hats
A cocked hat is a hat with three corners that used to be worn with some uniforms.
N-COUNT

2. cocked hat
If you say that one thing knocks another thing into a cocked hat , you mean that it is much better or much more significant than the other thing.

- I bet his IQ would knock Kane's into a cocked hat.

PHR: V inflects

cockerel

[D.J.:ˈkɔkərəl]

[K.K.:ˈkɑkərəl]

n.

小公鸡,好斗的年轻人

cockerel

cockerel cockerels
A cockerel is a young male chicken. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

cocker spaniel

cocker spaniel cocker spaniels
A cocker spaniel is a breed of small dog with silky hair and long ears.
N-COUNT

cockeyed

adj.

斗鸡眼的,斜的,荒唐的,傻的

cockeyed

1. cockeyed
If you say that an idea or scheme is cockeyed , you mean that you think it is very unlikely to succeed.

- Maybe she has some cockeyed delusions about becoming a big coal baroness.

ADJ-GRADED also cock-eyed .
= absurd

2. cockeyed
If something is cockeyed , it looks wrong because it is not in a level or straight position.

- ...dusty photographs hanging at cockeyed angles on the walls.

ADJ-GRADED also cock-eyed .

cockle

[D.J.:ˈkɔkl]

[K.K.:ˈkɑkəl]

n.

鸟蛤[海扇]壳

〈文〉轻舟, 小船

cockle

cockle cockles
Cockles are small edible shellfish.
N-COUNT: usu pl

cockney

[D.J.:ˈkɔkni:]

[K.K.:ˈkɑkni]

n.

伦敦东区佬;伦敦佬

伦敦东区土话;伦敦土话

adj.

伦敦(东区)佬的

伦敦(东区)土话的

cockney *

1. cockney cockneys
A cockney is a person who was born in the East End of London.

- ...a Cockney cab driver...

- Pomeroy was a cockney barrow-boy at heart.

N-COUNT: oft N n

2. cockney
Cockney is the dialect and accent of the East End of London.

- The man spoke with a Cockney accent.

N-UNCOUNT

cockpit

[D.J.:ˈkɔkpit]

[K.K.:ˈkɑkˌpɪt]

n.

(飞机, 小船或赛艇的)驾驶室

斗鸡场

cockpit **

cockpit cockpits
In an aeroplane or racing car, the cockpit is the part where the pilot sits.
N-COUNT

cockroach

[D.J.:ˈkɔkˌrəʊtʃ]

[K.K.:ˈkɑkˌrotʃ]

n.

蟑螂

cockroach *

cockroach cockroaches
A cockroach is a large brown insect that is sometimes found in warm places or where food is kept.
N-COUNT

cocksure

[D.J.:ˈkɔkˈʃʊə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑkˈʃʊr]

adj.

过于自信的

cocksure

cocksure
Someone who is cocksure is so confident and sure of their abilities that they annoy other people. (OLD-FASHIONED)
ADJ-GRADED

cocktail

[D.J.:ˈkɔkteil]

[K.K.:ˈkɑkˌtel]

n.

鸡尾酒

餐前开胃菜

混合物

cocktail **

1. cocktail cocktails
A cocktail is an alcoholic drink which contains several ingredients.

- On arrival, guests are offered wine or a champagne cocktail.

- A cocktail party was thrown at the British Officers Club.

- ...an expert at mixing cocktails.

N-COUNT

2. cocktail cocktails
A cocktail is a mixture of a number of different things, especially ones that do not go together well.

- The court was told she had taken a cocktail of drugs and alcohol.

- Children and guns are a potentially lethal cocktail.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

cocktail

noun

mixture

blend

combination

mix

cocktail dress

cocktail dress cocktail dresses
A cocktail dress is a dress that is suitable for formal social occasions.

- At his side stood his wife Olivia, dark-haired and exquisite, in a white cocktail dress.

N-COUNT

cocktail lounge

cocktail lounge cocktail lounges
A cocktail lounge is a room in a hotel, restaurant, or club where you can buy alcoholic drinks.

- We could go for a drink in the cocktail lounge of the Hilton,if you like.

N-COUNT

cocktail party

cocktail party
A cocktail party is a party, usually held in the early evening, where cocktails or other alcoholic drinks are served. People often dress quite formally for them.
N

cock-up

[D.J.:ˈkɔkˌʌp]

[K.K.:ˈkɑkˌʌp]

n.

错误,一团糟

cock-up

cock-up cock-ups
If you make a cock-up of something, you ruin it by doing something wrong. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- He was in danger of making a real cock-up of this.

- This was just an administrative cock-up.

N-COUNT

cockiness

[ˈkɔkinis]

n.

骄傲自大

cocky

[D.J.:ˈkɔki:]

[K.K.:ˈkɑki]

adj.

狂妄自信的

cocky *

1. cocky cockier cockiest
Someone who is cocky is so confident and sure of their abilities that they annoy other people. (INFORMAL)

- He was a little bit cocky when he was about 11 because he was winning everything.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. cockiness

- The pair of them were both blinded by their own cockiness.

N-UNCOUNT

cocky

adjective

overconfident

arrogant

brash

cocksure

conceited

egotistical

full of oneself

swaggering

vain

cocoa

[D.J.:ˈkəʊkəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈkoko]

n.

可可，可可粉

可可饮料

cocoa *

1. cocoa
Cocoa is a brown powder made from the seeds of a tropical tree. It is used in making chocolate.

- The Ivory Coast became the world's leading cocoa producer.

- ...cocoa beans.

N-UNCOUNT

2. cocoa
Cocoa is a hot drink made from cocoa powder and milk or water.

- My wife was tucked up in bed with her cup of cocoa.

N-UNCOUNT

coconut

[D.J.:ˈkəukənʌt]

[K.K.:ˈkokəˌnʌt, -nət]

n.

椰子

椰肉, 椰果

coconut *

1. coconut coconuts
A coconut is a very large nut with a hairy shell, which has white flesh and milky juice inside it.

- ...the smell of roasted meats mingled with spices, coconut oil and ripe tropical fruits.

N-COUNT

2. coconut
Coconut is the white flesh of a coconut.

- Desiccated coconut is used by confectioners and cake makers for its flavour.

N-UNCOUNT

coconut milk

coconut milk
Coconut milk is the milky juice inside coconuts.
N-UNCOUNT

coconut palm

coconut palm coconut palms
A coconut palm is a tall tree on which coconuts grow.
N-COUNT

cocoon

[D.J.:kəˈku:n]

[K.K.:kəˈkun]

n.

茧, 蚕茧

cocooning

[D.J.:kəˈku:nɪŋ]

[K.K.:kəˈkunɪŋ]

保护措施

cocoon

1. cocoon cocoons
A cocoon is a covering of silky threads that the larvae of moths and other insects make for themselves before they grow into adults.
N-COUNT

2. cocoon cocoons
If you are in a cocoon of something, you are wrapped up in it or surrounded by it.

- He stood there in a cocoon of golden light.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. cocoon cocoons
If you are living in a cocoon , you are in an environment in which you feel protected and safe, and sometimes isolated from everyday life.

- ...her innocent desire to envelop her beloved in a cocoon of love...

- Even though we're living together we walk around in this cocoon of silence.

- You cannot live in a cocoon and overlook these facts.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

4. cocoon cocoons cocooning cocooned
If something cocoons you from something, it protects you or isolates you from it.

- There is nowhere to hide when things go wrong, no organisation to cocoon you from blame.

- The playwright cocooned himself in a world of pretence.

VB

cocooned

1. cocooned
If someone is cocooned in blankets or clothes, they are completely wrapped in them.

- She is comfortably cocooned in pillows and only half awake.

- In each cot, a small tightly cocooned figure lay on its side.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ in n

2. cocooned
If you say that someone is cocooned , you mean that they are isolated and protected from everyday life and problems.

- White was cocooned in a private world of concentration.

- For so long they have been cocooned from the experience of illness.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ in/from n
= cloistered

cod

[D.J.:kɔd]

[K.K.:kɑd]

n.

鳕鱼肉;鳕鱼

cod *

1. cod
Cod are a type of large edible fish.
N-VAR The form cod is also used in the plural

2. cod
Cod is this fish eaten as food.

- A Catalan speciality is to serve salt cod cold.

N-UNCOUNT The form cod is also used in the plural

3. cod
You use cod to describe something which is not genuine and which is intended to deceive or amuse people by looking or sounding like the real thing. (BRIT)

- ...a cod documentary on what animals think of living in a zoo.

ADJ: ADJ n The form cod is also used in the plural
= fake

coda

[D.J.:ˈkəʊdə]

[K.K.:ˈkodə]

n.

乐章结尾部;完结部;终曲

coda

1. coda codas
A coda is a separate passage at the end of something such as a book or a speech that finishes it off.
N-COUNT

2. coda codas
In music, a coda is the final part of a fairly long piece of music which is added in order to finish it off in a pleasing way.
N-COUNT

coddle

[D.J.:ˈkɔdl]

[K.K.:ˈkɑdl]

vt.

悉心照料, 娇惯

coddle

coddle coddles coddling coddled
To coddle someone means to treat them too kindly or protect them too much.

- She coddled her youngest son madly.

- The warders' union has been denouncing the government for coddling prisoners.

VB disapproval

code

[D.J.:kəud]

[K.K.:kod]

n.

法典, 法规, 章程

密码, 电码

代号, 编码

vt.

将…译成电码

coded

[ˈkəudid]

adj.

电码的;编码的

codes

代码组

coding

[ˈkəudiŋ]

n.

译码

code ***

1. code codes
A code is a set of rules about how people should behave or about how something must be done.

- ...Article 159 of the Turkish penal code.

- ...local building codes.

N-COUNT: oft n N, N of n

2. code codes
A code is a system of replacing the words in a message with other words or symbols, so that nobody can understand it unless they know the system.

- They used elaborate secret codes, as when the names of trees stood for letters.

- If you can't remember your number, write it in code in a diary.

N-COUNT: also in N

3. code codes
A code is a group of numbers or letters which is used to identify something, such as a postal address or part of a telephone system.

- Callers dialing the wrong area code will not get through.

N-COUNT

4. code codes
A code is any system of signs or symbols that has a meaning.

- It will need other chips to reconvert the digital code back into normal TV signals.

N-COUNT

5. code codes
The genetic code of a person, animal or plant is the information contained in DNA which determines the structure and function of cells, and the inherited characteristics of all living things.

- Scientists provided the key to understanding the genetic code that determines every bodily feature.

N-COUNT: with supp

6. code codes coding coded
To code something means to give it a code or to mark it with its code.

- He devised a way of coding every statement uniquely.

- The machines were coded so we could tell them apart.

VB

7. code
Computer code is a system or language for expressing information and instructions in a form which can be understood by a computer. (COMPUTING)
N-UNCOUNT

coded *

1. coded
Coded messages have words or symbols which represent other words, so that the message is secret unless you know the system behind the code.

- In a coded telephone warning, Scotland Yard were told four bombs had been planted in the area.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. coded
If someone is using coded language, they are expressing their opinion in an indirect way, usually because that opinion is likely to offend people.

- They have sent barely coded messages to the Education Secretary endorsing this criticism.

- It's widely assumed that his lyrics were coded references to homosexuality.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. coded
Coded electronic signals use a binary system of digits which can be decoded by an appropriate machine. (TECHNICAL)

- The coded signal is received by satellite dish aerials.

ADJ: ADJ n

coding *

coding
Coding is a method of making something easy to recognize or distinct, for example by colouring it.

- ...a colour coding that will ensure easy reference for potential users.

N-UNCOUNT: usu adj N

code

noun

1.

cipher

cryptograph

2.

principles

canon

convention

custom

ethics

etiquette

manners

maxim

regulations

rules

system

codeine

[D.J.:ˈkəudi:in]

[K.K.:ˈkoˌdin, -diɪn]

n.

可待因(自鸦片中提取的碱质),用以镇痛,镇咳,催眠等

codeine

codeine
Codeine is a drug which is used to relieve pain, especially headaches, and the symptoms of a cold.
N-UNCOUNT

code name

1. code name code names
A code name is a name used for someone or something in order to keep their identity secret.

- One of their informers was working under the code name Czerny.

- The operation was given the code name Dynamo.

N-COUNT: usu N n also codename , code-name .

2. code name code names code naming code named
If a military or police operation is code-named something, it is given a name which only the people involved in it know.

- The operation was code-named Moonlight Sonata.

- The French have a two-thousand strong military contingent, code-named Sparrowhawk.

VB: usu passive also codename , code-name .

code of conduct *

code of conduct codes of conduct
The code of conduct for a group or organization is an agreement on rules of behaviour for the members of that group or organization.

- Doctors in Britain say a new code of conduct is urgently needed to protect the doctor-patient relationship.

N-COUNT

code of practice *

code of practice codes of practice
A code of practice is a set of written rules which explains how people working in a particular profession should behave.

- The auctioneers are violating a code of practice by dealing in stolen goods.

N-COUNT

co-dependent

1. co-dependent co-dependents
A co-dependent is a person who is in an unsatisfactory relationship with someone who is ill or an addict, but who does not want the relationship to end. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

2. co-dependent

- Every guy I've ever loved has been a junkie. I am co-dependent.

ADJ

3. co-dependency

- The movie is really about the dangers of co-dependency.

N-UNCOUNT

code word

1. code word code words
A code word is a word or phrase that has a special meaning, different from its normal meaning, for the people who have agreed to use it in this way.

- Their instructions were to volunteer for a special mission when we gave them a code-word.

N-COUNT also codeword , code-word .

2. code word code words
A code word is a word or phrase that someone, especially a public figure, uses in order to avoid saying something else.

- I think nationalism is just a code word for racism.

- `Tired and emotional' is a code word for being drunk.

N-COUNT: usu N for n also codeword , code-word .

codex

[D.J.:ˈkəudeks]

[K.K.:ˈkoˌdɛks]

n.

(圣书、古代典籍的)抄本,法律,规则,药典

codices

[D.J.:ˈkəudisi:z]

[K.K.:ˈkodɪˌsiz, ˈkɑdɪ-]

n.

法律(codex的复数)

codex

codex codices
A codex is an ancient type of book which was written by hand, not printed.
N-COUNT

codices

Codices is the plural of codex .

codger

[D.J.:ˈkɔdʒə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑdʒɚ]

n.

〈俗〉怪(老)人,有怪癖的(老)人

codger

codger codgers
Old codger is a disrespectful way of referring to an old man.
N-COUNT: usu adj N disapproval

codicil

[D.J.:ˈkɔdəsɪl]

[K.K.:ˈkɑdəsɪl]

n.

遗嘱的附件

codicil

codicil codicils
A codicil is an instruction that is added to a will after the main part of it has been written. (LEGAL)
N-COUNT

codification

[ˌkɔdifiˈkeiʃən]

n.

法典编纂,法律成文化

codify

[D.J.:ˈkɔdɪˌfaɪ, ˈkəʊdə-]

[K.K.:ˈkɑdɪˌfaɪ, ˈkodə-]

vt.

把(法律)编成法典

codify

1. codify codifies codifying codified
If you codify a set of rules, you define them or present them in a clear and ordered way.

- The latest draft of the agreement codifies the panel's decision.

VB

2. codification

- The codification of the laws began in the 1840s.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

cod-liver oil

cod-liver oil
Cod liver oil is a thick yellow oil which is given as a medicine, especially to children, because it is full of vitamins A and D.
N-UNCOUNT also cod liver oil .

codpiece

[D.J.:ˈkɔdˈpi:s]

[K.K.:ˈkɑdˌpis]

n.

男裤前面的褶

codpiece

codpiece codpieces
A codpiece was a piece of material worn by men in the 15th and 16th centuries to cover their genitals.
N-COUNT

codswallop

[D.J.:ˈkɔdzˌwɔləp]

[K.K.:ˈkɑdzˌwɑləp]

n.

〈英俚〉胡言乱语,废话

codswallop

codswallop
If you describe something that someone has just said as codswallop , you mean that you think it is nonsense. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- It's a load of old codswallop. I never did anything.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= cobblers

co-ed

n.

(男女同校学校的)女学生

adj.

男女同校的

co-ed

1. co-ed
A co-ed school or college is the same as a co-educational school or college.

- He was educated at Ecclesbourne School, a co-ed comprehensive school.

ADJ (AM) usually coed
= mixed ≠ single-sex

2. co-ed co-eds
A co-ed is a female student at a co-educational college or university. (AM, INFORMAL)

- ...two University of Florida coeds.

N-COUNT (AM) usually coed

3. co-ed
A co-ed sports facility or sporting activity is one that both males and females use or take part in at the same time. (AM; in BRIT usually use mixed )

- You have a choice of co-ed or single-sex swimming exercise classes.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) usually coed
≠ single-sex

co-educational

co-educational
A co-educational school, college, or university is attended by both boys and girls.

- The college has been co-educational since 1971.

ADJ (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) coeducational

coefficient

[D.J.:ˌkəʊəˈfɪʃənt]

[K.K.:ˌkoəˈfɪʃənt]

n.

系数；(测定某种质量或变化过程的)率,程度;系数

coefficient

coefficient coefficients
A coefficient is a number that expresses a measurement of a particular quality of a substance or object under specified conditions. (TECHNICAL)

- ...production coefficients...

- A coefficient of one means the markets move perfectly in step.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

coerce

[D.J.:kəʊˈɜ:s]

[K.K.:koˈə..s]

vt.

迫使做;强迫, 强制

(以武力、惩罚、威胁等手段)控制;支配;压制

coercing

强迫

coerce *

coerce coerces coercing coerced
If you coerce someone into doing something, you make them do it, although they do not want to. (FORMAL)

- Potter had argued that the government coerced him into pleading guilty.

- Clark had somehow been able to coerce Jenny into doing whatever he told her to do.

VB
= pressurize

coercion

[D.J.:kəʊˈɜ:ʒən, -ʃən]

[K.K.:koˈə..ʒən, -ʃən]

n.

<正>强迫;胁迫

coercion *

coercion
Coercion is the act or process of persuading someone forcefully to do something that they did not want to do.

- It was vital that the elections should be free of coercion or intimidation.

N-UNCOUNT

coercive

[D.J.:kəuˈə:siv]

[K.K.:koˈɚsɪv]

adj.

强制的,强迫的

coercive *

coercive
Coercive measures are intended to force people to do something that they do not want to do.

- ...increasingly coercive measures on the part of the state...

- The eighteenth-century Admiralty had few coercive powers over its officers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

coexist

[D.J.:ˈkəuiɡˈzist]

[K.K.:ˌkoɪɡˈzɪst]

vi.

同时共存, 和平共处

coexist

coexist coexists coexisting coexisted
If one thing coexists with another, they exist together at the same time or in the same place. You can also say that two things coexist .

- Pockets of affluence coexist with poverty.

- Bankers and clockmakers have coexisted in the City for hundreds of years.

V-RECIP also co-exist .

coexistence

[D.J.:ˈkəʊɪ gˈzɪstəns]

[K.K.:ˈkoɪɡˈzɪstəns]

n.

共存,并立

coexistence

coexistence
The coexistence of one thing with another is the fact that they exist together at the same time or in the same place.

- He also believed in coexistence with the West.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of/with/between n also co-existence .

C of E

C of E
C of E is an abbreviation for Church of England .

- Mrs Steele was head of Didcot's C of E primary school.

coffee

[D.J.:ˈkɔfi]

[K.K.:ˈkɔfi, ˈkɑfi]

n.

咖啡豆; 咖啡粉

咖啡

(一杯)咖啡

coffee ***

1. coffee
Coffee is a hot drink made with water and ground or powdered coffee beans.

- Would you like some coffee?.

- Newman poured more black coffee and lit a cigarette.

N-UNCOUNT

2. coffee coffees
A coffee is a cup of coffee.

- I made a coffee.

N-COUNT

3. coffee coffees
Coffee is the roasted beans or powder from which the drink is made.

- Brazil harvested 28m bags of coffee in 1991, the biggest crop for four years.

- ...superior quality coffee.

N-MASS

coffee bar

coffee bar coffee bars
A coffee bar is a small caf´e where non-alcoholic drinks and snacks are sold.
N-COUNT

coffee bean

coffee bean coffee beans
Coffee beans are small dark brown beans that are roasted and ground to make coffee. They are the seeds of the coffee plant.
N-COUNT: usu pl

coffee break

coffee break coffee breaks
A coffee break is a short period of time, usually in the morning or afternoon, when you stop working and have a cup of coffee.

- It looks like she'll be too busy to stop for a coffee break.

N-COUNT

coffee cup

coffee cup coffee cups
A coffee cup is a cup in which coffee is served. Coffee cups are usually smaller than tea cups.
N-COUNT also coffee-cup .

coffee grinder

coffee grinder coffee grinders
A coffee grinder is a machine for grinding coffee beans.
N-COUNT

coffee house

coffee house coffee houses
A coffee house is a kind of bar where people sit to drink coffee and talk. Coffee houses were especially popular in Britain in the 18th century.
N-COUNT also coffee-house .

coffee morning

coffee morning coffee mornings
A coffee morning is a social event at which coffee and tea are served. It takes place in the morning, and is usually intended to raise money for charity. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

coffee pot

coffee pot coffee pots
A coffee pot is a tall narrow pot with a spout and a lid, in which coffee is made or served.
N-COUNT also coffeepot .

coffee shop *

coffee shop coffee shops
A coffee shop is a kind of restaurant that sells coffee, tea, cakes, and sometimes sandwiches and light meals.
N-COUNT also coffee-shop .
= cafe

coffee table *

coffee table coffee tables
A coffee table is a small low table in a living room.
N-COUNT also coffee-table .

coffee-table book

coffee-table book coffee-table books
A coffee-table book is a large expensive book with a lot of pictures, which is designed to be looked at rather than to be read properly, and is usually placed where people can see it easily.
N-COUNT

coffer

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:fə, ˈkɔfə]

[K.K.:ˈkɔfɚ, ˈkɑfɚ]

n.

保险柜,保险箱

金库,资金

coffers

金库

coffer *

1. coffer coffers
A coffer is a large strong chest used for storing valuable objects such as money or gold and silver. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

2. coffer coffers
The coffers of an organization consist of the money that it has to spend, imagined as being collected together in one place.

- The proceeds from the lottery go towards sports and recreation, as well as swelling the coffers of the government.

- Large public and private companies have long been contributors to Tory party coffers.

N-PLURAL: with supp, oft N of n, n N

coffin

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:fɪn, ˈkɔfɪn]

[K.K.:ˈkɔfɪn, ˈkɑfɪn]

n.

棺材

a nail in sb.’s coffin

使某人早亡〔死,完蛋,垮台等〕之物

coffin **

1. coffin coffins
A coffin is a box in which a dead body is buried or cremated.
N-COUNT

2. coffin
If you say that one thing is a nail in the coffin of another thing, you mean that it will help bring about its end or failure.

- A fine would be the final nail in the coffin of the airline.

PHR: oft PHR of n

cog

[D.J.:kɔg, kɔ:g]

[K.K.:kɑɡ, kɔɡ]

vt. & vi.

(用假骰子)欺骗； 行贿

a cog in the machine/wheel

(大机构中的)无足轻重的成员

cog

1. cog cogs
A cog is a wheel with square or triangular teeth around the edge, which is used in a machine to turn another wheel or part.
N-COUNT

2. cog
If you describe someone as a cog in a machine or wheel , you mean that they are a small part of a large organization or group.

- Mr Lake was an important cog in the Republican campaign machine.

PHR: v-link PHR

cogency

[D.J.:ˈkəʊdʒɵnsɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkodʒənsɪ]

n.

(理论、议论等的)说服力；中肯切题

cogent

[D.J.:ˈkəʊdʒənt]

[K.K.:ˈkodʒənt]

adj.

(理由、论据)有说服力的,令人信服的

cogently

adv.

痛切地,中肯地

cogent

1. cogent
A cogent reason, argument, or example is strong and convincing. (FORMAL)

- There were perfectly cogent reasons why Julian Cavendish should be told of the Major's impending return.

ADJ-GRADED
= convincing

2. cogency

- The film makes its points with cogency and force.

N-UNCOUNT

3. cogently

- The authors argue cogently that it is high time the church lost its obsession with the subject.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= convincingly

cogent

adjective

convincing

compelling

effective

forceful

influential

potent

powerful

strong

weighty

cogitate

[D.J.:ˈkɔdʒɪˌteɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑdʒɪˌtet]

vt. & vi.

<正>认真思考;深思熟虑

cogitation

[D.J.:ˌkɔdʒɪˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑdʒɪˈteʃən]

n.

仔细思考;计划;设计

cogitate

1. cogitate cogitates cogitating cogitated
If you are cogitating , you are thinking deeply about something. (FORMAL)

- You're listening and cogitating are you?.

- Frido cogitated on the term.

VB

2. cogitation

- On retirement, and after much cogitation, Pat and I decided to live in the Isle of Wight.

N-UNCOUNT

cogitate

verb

think

consider

contemplate

deliberate

meditate

mull over

muse

ponder

reflect

ruminate

cognac

[D.J.:ˈkəunjæk]

[K.K.:ˈkonˌjæk, ˈkɑn-, ˈkɔn-]

n.

白兰地酒的一种(产于法国的柯纳克)

cognac *

1. cognac cognacs
Cognac is a type of brandy made in the south west of France.

- ...a bottle of Cognac.

- ...one of the world's finest cognacs.

N-MASS also Cognac .

2. cognac cognacs
A cognac is a glass of cognac.

- Phillips ordered a cognac.

N-COUNT also Cognac .

cognate

[D.J.:ˈkɔgˌneɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑɡˌnet]

adj.

同宗的,同根的; 同语系的

n.

同家族的人;同源词

cognate

cognate
Cognate things are related to each other. (FORMAL)

- ...cognate words.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n

cognition

[D.J.:kɔɡˈniʃən]

[K.K.:kɑɡˈnɪʃən]

n.

〈哲〉认识; 认识力

cognition

cognition
Cognition is the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things. (FORMAL)

- ...processes of perception and cognition.

N-UNCOUNT

cognitive

[D.J.:ˈkɔɡnitiv]

[K.K.:ˈkɑɡnɪtɪv]

adj.

认知的, 认识能力的

cognitive *

cognitive
Cognitive means relating to the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things. (FORMAL or TECHNICAL)

- As children grow older, their cognitive processes become sharper.

- ...Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development.

ADJ: ADJ n

cognizance

[D.J.:ˈkɔɡnizəns]

[K.K.:ˈkɑɡnɪzəns]

n.

认识,审理,认定

cognizance

1. cognizance
If you take cognizance of something, you take notice of it or acknowledge it. (FORMAL)

- The government has in the past not taken cognisance of any protest unless there has been some show of violence.

PHR: V inflects (BRIT) also cognisance
= acknowledge

2. cognizance
Cognizance is knowledge or understanding. (FORMAL)

- ...the teacher's developing cognizance of the child's intellectual activity.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n (BRIT) also cognisance

cognizant

[D.J.:ˈkɔɡnizənt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑɡnɪzənt]

adj.

察知的, 认识(某事物)的

cognizant

cognizant
If someone is cognizant of something, they are aware of it or understand it. (FORMAL)

- Walter was cognizant of the limitations of his argument.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ of n (BRIT) also cognisant
= conscious

cognoscenti

cognoscenti
The cognoscenti are the people who know a lot about a particular subject. (FORMAL)

- She has an international reputation among film cognoscenti.

N-PLURAL: oft n N
= connoisseurs

cohabit

[D.J.:kəʊˈhæbɪt]

[K.K.:koˈhæbɪt]

vi.

(未婚者)同居

cohabitation

[D.J.:ˌkəʊhæbɪˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:koˌhæbəˈteʃən]

n.

同居

cohabit *

1. cohabit cohabits cohabiting cohabited
If two people are cohabiting , they are living together and have a sexual relationship, but are not married. (FORMAL)

- In Italy people hardly ever cohabit.

- The dentist left his wife of 15 years and openly cohabited with his receptionist.

- Any solicitor will tell you, if you're cohabiting and the man leaves you, you haven't got a leg to stand on.

V-RECIP

2. cohabitation

- The decline in marriage has been offset by a rise in cohabitation.

N-UNCOUNT

cohere

[D.J.:kəʊˈhɪə]

[K.K.:koˈhɪr]

vi.

黏合;联合,结合

(指看法、推理等)前后一致,连贯

cohere

cohere coheres cohering cohered
If the different elements of a piece of writing, a piece of music, or a set of ideas cohere , they fit together well so that they form a united whole.

- Opposed cultures, indigenous and imported, had no hope of cohering.

- We make sense of particular beliefs only as they cohere with other beliefs.

- It failed to cohere as a single work.

V-RECIP
= hang together

coherence

[D.J.:kəʊˈhɪərəns, -ˈher-]

[K.K.:koˈhɪrəns, -ˈhɛr-]

n.

条理性,连贯性,一致性

coherent

[D.J.:kəuˈhiərənt]

[K.K.:koˈhɪrənt, -ˈhɛr-]

adj.

条理清楚的, 连贯的; 前后一致的

coherence *

coherence
Coherence is a state or situation in which all the parts or ideas fit together well so that they form a united whole.

- The anthology has a surprising sense of coherence.

N-UNCOUNT

coherent *

1. coherent
If something is coherent , it is well planned, so that it is clear and sensible and all its parts go well with each other.

- He has failed to work out a coherent strategy for modernising the service.

- The President's policy is perfectly coherent.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ muddled

2. coherence

- The campaign was widely criticised for making tactical mistakes and for a lack of coherence.

N-UNCOUNT

3. coherently

- The government has to convince voters it is proceeding coherently toward its goals.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

4. coherent
If someone is coherent , they express their thoughts in a clear and calm way, so that other people can understand what they are saying.

- He's so calm when he answers questions in interviews. I wish I could be that coherent.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
≠ incoherent

5. coherence

- This was debated eagerly at first, but with diminishing coherence as the champagne took hold.

N-UNCOUNT

6. coherently

- He talked coherently.

ADV-GRADED

coherent

adjective

1.

consistent

logical

lucid

meaningful

orderly

organized

rational

reasoned

systematic

2.

intelligible

articulate

comprehensible

cohesion

[D.J.:kəʊˈhi:ʒən]

[K.K.:koˈhiʒən]

n.

粘连,黏合;团结;凝聚力

cohesion *

cohesion
If there is cohesion within a society, organization, or group, the different members fit together well and form a united whole.

- By 1990, it was clear that the cohesion of the armed forces was rapidly breaking down.

- The group's teaching and methods threatened social cohesion.

N-UNCOUNT
= cohesiveness

cohesive

[kəuˈhi:siv]

adj.

有结合力的

产生结合力的; 产生内聚力的

cohesiveness

粘结性,内聚性

cohesive *

1. cohesive
Something that is cohesive consists of parts that fit together well and form a united whole.

- `Daring Adventures' from '86 is a far more cohesive and successful album.

- Huston had assembled a remarkably cohesive and sympathetic cast.

ADJ-GRADED

2. cohesiveness

- They had no group cohesiveness. They were in competition with each other all the time.

N-UNCOUNT

cohort

[D.J.:ˈkəuhɔ:t]

[K.K.:ˈkoˌhɔrt]

n.

(古罗马军队的)步兵大队

一群人, 一帮人

cohorts

n.

军团

cohort *

1. cohort cohorts
A person's cohorts are their friends, supporters, or associates.

- Drake and his cohorts were not pleased with my appointment.

N-COUNT: usu poss N disapproval

2. cohort cohorts
A cohort of people is a group who have something in common. Cohort is used especially when a group is being looked at as a whole for statistical purposes.

- Tests were carried out by teachers on the entire cohort of eight to nine year-olds in their third year at primary school.

- She speaks for a whole cohort of young Japanese writers.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

coiffed

coiffed
If someone has neatly coiffed hair, their hair is very carefully arranged. (FORMAL)

- Her hair was perfectly coiffed.

ADJ: usu adv ADJ

coiffure

[D.J.:kwɑ:ˈfjuə]

[K.K.:kwɑˈfjʊr]

adj.

以头饰戴的

coiffure

coiffure coiffures
A person's coiffure is their hairstyle. (FORMAL)

- ...her immaculate golden coiffure.

N-COUNT

coiffured

coiffured
Coiffured means the same as coiffed . (FORMAL)
ADJ: usu adv ADJ

coil

[D.J.:kɔil]

[K.K.:kɔɪl]

n.

(一)卷, (一)圈; 盘卷之物

线圈

vt. & vi.

将…卷[盘]成圈或螺旋形

coiling

[ˈkɔiliŋ]

n.

卷绕,成卷,上卷筒

coils

[kɔilz]

n.

镀锡卷板,卷带马口铁

coil *

1. coil coils
A coil of rope or wire is a length of it that has been wound into a series of loops.

- Tod shook his head angrily and slung the coil of rope over his shoulder.

- The steel arrives at the factory in coils.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. coil coils
A coil is one loop in a series of loops.

- Pythons kill by tightening their coils so that their victim cannot breathe.

N-COUNT

3. coil coils
A coil is a thick spiral of wire through which an electrical current passes.
N-COUNT

4. coil coils
In a vehicle, the coil is the part on a petrol engine that sends electricity to the spark plugs.
N-COUNT

5. coil coils
The coil is a contraceptive device used by women. It is fitted inside a woman's womb, usually for several months or years.
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing
= IUD

6. coil coils coiling coiled
If you coil something, you wind it into a series of loops or into the shape of a ring. If it coils around something, it forms loops or a ring.

- He turned off the water and began to coil the hose.

- Louisa was dancing, spinning by herself, her skirt flying out and coiling around her feet.

- A huge rattlesnake lay coiled on the blanket.

V-ERG

7. coil up; coils up; coiling up; coiled up
Coil up means the same as coil .

- Once we have the wire, we can coil it up into the shape of a spring.

- Her hair was coiled up on top of her head.

PHR-V

coiled

coiled
Coiled means in the form of a series of loops.

- ...a heavy coiled spring.

- ...special coiled kettle flexes.

ADJ: ADJ n

coil

verb

wind

curl

loop

snake

spiral

twine

twist

wreathe

writhe

coin

[D.J.:kɔin]

[K.K.:kɔɪn]

n.

硬币

vt.

制造硬币

创造

coining

[ˈkɔiniŋ]

n.

冲制,模压

coin **

1. coin coins
A coin is a small piece of metal which is used as money.

- ...50 pence coins.

- ...Frederick's gold coin collection.

N-COUNT

2. coin coins coining coined
If you coin a word or a phrase, you are the first person to say it.

- Jaron Lanier coined the term `virtual reality' and pioneered its early development.

- The word `lunatic' was coined to describe people who went mad at the full moon.

VB

3. coin coins coining coined
If you say that someone is coining it or is coining money, you are emphasizing that they are making a lot of money very quickly, often without really earning it. (INFORMAL)

- Many private colleges are coining it.

- One wine shop is coining money selling Wembley-label champagne.

VB: usu cont emphasis

4. coin in; coins in; coining in; coined in
Coining in means the same as coining .

- She's coining it in with a $10 million contract with Revlon.

PHR-V

5. coin
You say ` to coin a phrase ' to show that you realize you are making a pun or using a clich´e.

- Fifty local musicians have, to coin a phrase, banded together to form the Jazz Umbrella.

PHR

6. coin
You use the other side of the coin to mention a different aspect of a situation.

- These findings are a reminder that poverty pay is the other side of the coin of falling unemployment.

PHR: PHR with cl

7. coin
If you say that two things are two sides of the same coin , you mean that they are different ways of looking at or dealing with the same situation.

- The minister reportedly stressed that economic and political reforms were two sides of the same coin.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

coin

noun

1.

money

cash

change

copper

silver

specie

verb

2.

invent

create

fabricate

forge

make up

mint

mould

originate

coinage

[D.J.:ˈkɔɪnɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈkɔɪnɪdʒ]

n.

货币制度

coinage

1. coinage
Coinage is the coins which are used in a country.

- The city produced its own coinage from 1325 to 1864.

- ...the world's finest collection of medieval European coinage.

N-UNCOUNT

2. coinage
Coinage is the system of money used in a country.

- It took four years for Britain just to decimalise its own coinage.

N-UNCOUNT

coincide

[D.J.:ˌkəuinˈsaid]

[K.K.:ˌkoɪnˈsaɪd]

vi.

同时发生

相符, 一致

coincide **

1. coincide coincides coinciding coincided
If one event coincides with another, they happen at the same time.

- The exhibition coincides with the 50th anniversary of his death.

- Although his mental illness had coincided with his war service it had not been caused by it.

- The beginning of the solar and lunar years coincided every 13 years.

V-RECIP

2. coincide coincides coinciding coincided
If the ideas or interests of two or more people coincide , they are the same.

- The kids' views on life don't always coincide, but they're not afraid of voicing their opinions.

- ...a case in which public and private interests coincide...

- He gave great encouragement to his students, especially if their passions happened to coincide with his own.

V-RECIP

coincide

verb

1.

occur simultaneously

be concurrent

coexist

synchronize

2.

agree

accord

concur

correspond

harmonize

match

square

tally

coincidence

[D.J.:kəuˈinsidəns]

[K.K.:koˈɪnsɪdəns, -ˌdɛns]

n.

巧合

符合, 一致

coincidence **

coincidence coincidences
A coincidence is when two or more similar or related events occur at the same time by chance and without any planning.

- Mr. Berry said the timing was a coincidence and that his decision was unrelated to Mr. Roman's departure.

- ...a string of amazing coincidences...

- The premises of Chabert and Sons were situated by the river and, by coincidence, not too far away from where Eric Talbot had met his death.

N-VAR

coincidence

noun

1.

chance

accident

fluke

happy accident

luck

stroke of luck

2.

coinciding

concurrence

conjunction

correlation

correspondence

coincident

[D.J.:kəʊˈɪnsɪdənt]

[K.K.:koˈɪnsɪdənt]

adj.

<正>同时发生的;(时间上)巧合的

相符的;一致的

coincident

1. coincident
Coincident events happen at the same time. (FORMAL)

- ...coincident birth times...

- Coincident with her marriage to Ambassador Davies and his posting to Moscow, she began buying Russian art.

ADJ: oft v-link ADJ with n

2. coincident
Coincident opinions, ideas, or policies are the same or are very similar to each other. (FORMAL)

- The purposes and goals of the US are coincident with the purposes and goals of the UN Security Council.

- ...the coincident views between the British development economists D. Seers and P. Streeten.

ADJ-GRADED: oft v-link ADJ with n

coincidental

[D.J.:kəʊˌɪnsɪˈdentl]

[K.K.:koˌɪnsɪˈdɛntl..]

adj.

巧合的,同时发生的

coincidental

coincidental
Something that is coincidental is the result of a coincidence and has not been deliberately arranged.

- Any resemblance to actual persons, places or events is purely coincidental.

- I think that it is not coincidental that we now have arguably the best bookshops in the world.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ that

coincidental

adjective

chance

accidental

casual

fluky informal

fortuitous

unintentional

unplanned

coincidentally

[kəuˌɪnsiˈdentəli]

adv.

巧合地, 同时发生

coincidentally *

coincidentally
You use coincidentally when you want to draw attention to a coincidence.

- Coincidentally, I had once found myself in a similar situation.

- They immediately got in touch with Dr Ting who was, purely coincidentally, also in California.

- Two Manchester City fans, Geoff Watts and Howard Davies, coincidentally wrote similar letters to the club.

ADV: usu ADV with cl/group, also ADV before v

coir

[D.J.:ˈkɔiə]

[K.K.:kɔɪr]

n.

椰子壳的纤维

coir

coir
Coir is a rough material made from coconut shells which is used to make ropes and mats.
N-UNCOUNT

coital

[ˈkəuitl]

adj.

性交的

coital

coital
Coital means connected with or relating to sexual intercourse. (TECHNICAL)

- ...coital techniques.

ADJ: ADJ n

coitus

[D.J.:ˈkəuitəs]

[K.K.:ˈkoɪtəs, koˈi-]

n.

〈拉〉(尤指人类的)交媾,性交

coitus

coitus
Coitus is sexual intercourse. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

coke

[D.J.:kəʊk]

[K.K.:kok]

n.

焦,焦炭,焦煤

<俚>可卡因

vt.

把…炼成焦炭

vi.

炼成焦炭

(常指过度)使用可卡因

coke *

1. coke
Coke is a solid black substance that is produced from coal and is burned as a fuel.

- ...a coke-burning stove.

N-UNCOUNT

2. coke
Coke is the same as cocaine . (INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

col

[D.J.:kɔl]

[K.K.:kɑl]

n.

关口,峡路,关隘

col

col.
col. is a written abbreviation for column and colour .

Col

abbr.

Colorado 美国科罗拉多州

Col

abbr.

Colonel上校

Col. *

Col.
Col. is a written abbreviation for Colonel when it is being used as a title in front of someone's name.

- Col. Frank Weldon was a truly outstanding horseman.

N-TITLE

cola

[D.J.:ˈkəʊlə]

[K.K.:ˈkolə]

n.

可乐果树

可乐饮料

colas

[ˈkɔləs]

n.

沥青乳浊液,沥青乳胶体

cola **

cola colas
Cola is a sweet brown non-alcoholic fizzy drink.

- ...a can of cola.

N-MASS

colander

[D.J.:ˈkʌləndə, ˈkɔl-]

[K.K.:ˈkʌləndɚ, ˈkɑl-]

n.

滤锅,漏勺

colander

colander colanders
A colander is a container in the shape of a bowl with holes in it which you wash or drain food in.
N-COUNT

cold

[D.J.:kəuld]

[K.K.:kold]

n.

冷, 寒冷

伤风, 感冒

adj.

冷的, 寒冷的

冷淡的, 冷酷的

coldly

[D.J.:ˈkəʊldlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkoldlɪ]

adv.

冷地,寒冷地

冷淡地,冷漠地；不友好地

冷静地,客观地

coldness

[D.J.:ˈkəʊldnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈkoldnɪs]

n.

冷,寒冷

冷淡；冷酷

冷静

cold ****

1. cold colder coldest
Something that is cold has a very low temperature or a lower temperature than is normal or acceptable.

- Rinse the vegetables under cold running water.

- He likes his tea neither too hot nor too cold.

- Your dinner's getting cold.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ hot warm

2. coldness

- She complained about the coldness of his hands.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
≠ warmth

3. cold colder coldest
If it is cold , or if a place is cold , the temperature of the air is very low.

- It was bitterly cold.

- The house is cold because I can't afford to turn the heat on.

- This is the coldest winter I can remember.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ
≠ hot warm

4. coldness

- Within quarter of an hour the coldness of the night had gone.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

5. cold
Cold weather or low temperatures can be referred to as the cold .

- He must have come inside to get out of the cold.

- His feet were blue with cold.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N
≠ heat

6. cold colder coldest
If you are cold , your body is at an unpleasantly low temperature.

- I was freezing cold.

- I'm hungry, I'm cold and I've nowhere to sleep.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

7. cold
Cold food, such as salad or meat that has been cooked and cooled, is not intended to be eaten hot.

- A wide variety of hot and cold snacks will be available.

- ...cold meats.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ hot

8. cold colder coldest
Cold colours or cold light give an impression of coldness.

- Generally, warm colours advance in painting and cold colours recede.

- ...the cold blue light from a streetlamp.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ warm

9. cold colder coldest
A cold person does not show much emotion, especially affection, and therefore seems unfriendly and unsympathetic. If someone's voice is cold , they speak in an unfriendly unsympathetic way.

- What a cold, unfeeling woman she was.

- `Send her away,' Eve said in a cold, hard voice.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= unfeeling ≠ warm

10. coldly

- `I'll see you in the morning,' Hugh said coldly.

ADV-GRADED

11. coldness

- His coldness angered her.

N-UNCOUNT

12. cold colder coldest
A cold trail or scent is one which is old and therefore difficult to follow.

- He could follow a cold trail over hard ground and even over stones.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ fresh

13. cold colder coldest
If you say that someone is cold when they are trying to guess the answer to a question or puzzle, you mean that they are thinking about it in the wrong way and are going to give a wrong answer.
ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
≠ close warm

14. cold colds
If you have a cold , you have a mild, very common illness which makes you sneeze a lot and gives you a sore throat or a cough.
N-COUNT

15. cold
If you catch cold , or catch a cold , you become ill with a cold.

- Let's dry our hair so we don't catch cold.

PHR: V inflects

16. cold
If something leaves you cold , it fails to excite or interest you.

- Lawrence is one of those writers who either excite you enormously or leave you cold.

PHR: V inflects

17. cold
If someone is out cold , they are unconscious or sleeping very heavily.

- She was out cold but still breathing.

PHR: v-link PHR

18. cold
If you say that a person, group, or country has been left out in the cold , you mean that they have been ignored by others rather than being invited to take part in some activity with them.

- Developing countries might be left out in the cold in current world trade talks.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

cold

adjective

1.

chilly

arctic

bleak

cool

freezing

frigid

frosty

frozen

icy

wintry

2.

unfriendly

aloof

distant

frigid

indifferent

reserved

standoffish

noun

3.

coldness

chill

frigidity

frostiness

iciness

cold-blooded

[D.J.:ˈkəʊldˈblʌdɪd]

[K.K.:ˈkoldˈblʌdɪd]

adj.

冷血的

<口>怕冷的

冷酷的,无情的

不动感情的,冷静的

cold-blooded

1. cold-blooded
Someone who is cold-blooded does not show any pity or emotion.

- ...a cold-blooded murderer...

- This was a brutal and cold-blooded killing.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. cold-bloodedly

- He hated whites from the age of six, when they cold-bloodedly murdered his father.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. cold-blooded
Cold-blooded animals have a body temperature that changes according to the surrounding temperature. Reptiles, for example, are cold-blooded.
ADJ

cold-blooded

adjective

callous

dispassionate

heartless

ruthless

steely

stony-hearted

unemotional

unfeeling

cold comfort

cold comfort
If you say that a slightly encouraging fact or event is cold comfort to someone, you mean that it gives them little or no comfort because their situation is so difficult or unpleasant.

- These figures may look good on paper but are cold comfort to the islanders themselves.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to/for n

cold cuts

cold cuts
Cold cuts are thin slices of cooked meat which are served cold. (AM)
N-PLURAL

cold fish

cold fish
If you say that someone is a cold fish , you think that they are unfriendly and unemotional.
N-SING disapproval

cold frame

cold frame cold frames
A cold frame is a wooden frame with a glass top in which you grow small plants to protect them from cold weather.
N-COUNT

cold-hearted

[D.J.:kəuldˈhɑ:tid]

[K.K.:ˈkoldˈhɑrtɪd]

adj.

冷淡的,无情的

cold-hearted

cold-hearted
A cold-hearted person does not feel any affection or sympathy towards other people.

- That Harriet is a cold-hearted bitch.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
≠ warm-hearted

cold-shoulder

[D.J.:ˈkəʊldˈʃəʊldə]

[K.K.:ˈkoldˈʃoldɚ]

vt.

〈俗〉冷淡地看待,轻视

cold-shoulder

1. cold-shoulder
If one person gives another the cold-shoulder , they behave towards them in an unfriendly way, to show them that they do not care about them or that they want them to go away.

- But when Gough looked to Haig for support, he was given the cold shoulder.

N-SING: usu the N

2. cold-shoulder cold-shoulders cold-shouldering cold-shouldered
If one person cold-shoulders another, they give them the cold-shoulder.

- Even her own party considered her shrewish and nagging, and cold-shouldered her in the corridors.

VB

cold snap

cold snap cold snaps
A cold snap is a short period of cold and icy weather.
N-COUNT: usu sing

cold sore

cold sore cold sores
Cold sores are small sore spots that sometimes appear on or near someone's lips and nose when they have a cold. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use fever blister )
N-COUNT

cold storage

1. cold storage
If something such as food is put in cold storage , it is kept in an artificially cooled place in order to preserve it.

- The strawberries are picked before they are ripe and kept in cold storage to prevent them spoiling during transportation.

N-UNCOUNT

2. cold storage
If you put an idea or plan into cold storage or in cold storage , you delay it for a while rather than acting on it as you originally intended.

- A few years ago I was asked by a publisher to consider writing a novel, and the idea has been in cold storage ever since.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

cold store

cold store cold stores
A cold store is a building or room which is artificially cooled so that food can be preserved in it. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

cold sweat

cold sweat cold sweats
If you are in a cold sweat , you are sweating and feel cold, usually because you are very afraid or nervous.

- He awoke from his sleep in a cold sweat.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu in/into N

cold turkey

cold turkey
Cold turkey is the unpleasant physical reaction that people experience when they suddenly stop taking a drug that they have become addicted to. (INFORMAL)

- We'd go through three days of cold turkey and then she would do the run to London to buy more.

N-UNCOUNT

Cold War **

Cold War
The Cold War was the period of hostility and tension between the Soviet bloc and the Western powers that followed the Second World War.

- ...the end of the cold war and the decline in armaments spending.

- ...the first major crisis of the post-Cold War era.

N-PROPER: the N also cold war .

coleslaw

[D.J.:ˈkəʊlˌslɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈkolˌslɔ]

n.

卷心菜色拉,酸洋白菜丝;(凉拌)卷心菜丝

coleslaw

coleslaw
Coleslaw is a salad of chopped raw cabbage, carrots, onions, and sometimes other vegetables, usually with mayonnaise.
N-UNCOUNT

colic

[D.J.:ˈkɔlik]

[K.K.:ˈkɑlɪk]

n.

绞痛,疝痛,疝气

colic

colic
Colic is an illness in which you get severe pains in your stomach and bowels. Babies especially suffer from colic.

- The doctor said it was colic and that she would grow out of it.

N-UNCOUNT

colicky

[ˈkɔliki]

adj.

疝气痛的,害疝痛病的

colicky

colicky
If someone, especially a baby, is colicky , they are suffering from colic.
ADJ-GRADED

colitis

[D.J.:kəuˈlaitis]

[K.K.:kəˈlaɪtɪs]

n.

大肠炎

colitis

colitis
Colitis is an illness in which your colon becomes inflamed. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

collaborate

[D.J.:kəˈlæbəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:kəˈlæbəˌret]

vi.

合作

勾结叛国

collaborator

n.

协作者,合作者;勾结者

collaborator

[D.J.:kəˈlæbəreɪtə(r)]

[K.K.: kəˈlæbəˌretɚ]

n.

合作者;共同研究者

通敌者

collaborate *

1. collaborate collaborates collaborating collaborated
When one person or group collaborates with another, they work together, especially on a book or on some research.

- Much later he collaborated with his son Michael on the English translation of a text on food production.

- The government is prodding Japan's aircraft firms to collaborate with more foreigners.

- He turned his country house into a place where professionals and amateurs collaborated in the making of music.

- The two men met and agreed to collaborate.

V-RECIP

2. collaborate collaborates collaborating collaborated
If someone collaborates with an enemy that is occupying their country during a war, they help them.

- He was accused of having collaborated with the secret police.

VB disapproval

collaborate

verb

1.

work together

cooperate

join forces

participate

play ball informal

team up

2.

conspire

collude

cooperate

fraternize

collaboration

[kəˌlæbəˈreiʃən]

n.

合作, 协作

通敌

collaboration **

1. collaboration collaborations
Collaboration is the act of working together to produce a piece of work, especially a book or some research.

- There is substantial collaboration with neighbouring departments.

- Close collaboration between the Bank and the Fund is not merely desirable, it is essential.

- ...scientific collaborations...

- Drummond was working on a book in collaboration with Zodiac Mindwarp.

N-VAR: oft N with n, N between pl-n, in N

2. collaboration collaborations
A collaboration is a piece of work that has been produced as the result of people or groups working together.

- He was also a writer of beautiful stories, some of which are collaborations with his fiancee.

N-COUNT: usu N between pl-n, N with n

3. collaboration
Collaboration is the act of helping an enemy who is occupying your country during a war.

- ...rumors of his collaboration with the occupying forces during the war.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N with n disapproval

collaboration

noun

teamwork

alliance

association

cooperation

partnership

collaborationist

[D.J.:kəˌlæbəˈreiʃənist]

[K.K.:kəˌlæbəˈreʃənɪst]

n.

通敌卖国者

collaborationist

collaborationist
A collaborationist government or individual is one that helps or gives support to the enemy during the war.

- Quinn continued to head the collaborationist government for the duration of the war.

ADJ: usu ADJ n disapproval

collaborative

[kəˈlæbəreitiv]

adj.

合作的,协作的,协力完成的

collaborative *

1. collaborative
A collaborative piece of work is done by two or more people or groups working together. (FORMAL)

- ...a collaborative research project...

- `The First Day' is their first collaborative album.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. collaboratively

- He was not the kind of artist who worked collaboratively.

ADV: ADV with v

collaborator *

1. collaborator collaborators
A collaborator is someone that you work with to produce a piece of work, especially a book or some research.

- The Irvine group and their collaborators are testing whether lasers do the job better.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

2. collaborator collaborators
A collaborator is someone who helps an enemy who is occupying their country during a war.

- Two alleged collaborators were shot dead by masked activists.

N-COUNT disapproval

collaborator

noun

1.

co-worker

associate

colleague

confederate

partner

team-mate

2.

traitor

fraternizer

quisling

turncoat

collage

[D.J.:kəʊˈlɑ:ʒ, kə-]

[K.K.:koˈlɑʒ, kə-]

n.

拼贴画

杂烩

collage *

1. collage collages
A collage is a picture that has been made by sticking pieces of coloured paper and cloth onto paper.
N-COUNT

2. collage
Collage is the method of making pictures by sticking pieces of coloured paper and cloth onto paper.
N-UNCOUNT

3. collage collages
You can refer to something that has been made by combining a number of very different things as a collage of a particular kind.

- Rego's work is a rich collage of 20th-century painting styles.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

collagen

[D.J.:ˈkɔlədʒən]

[K.K.:ˈkɑlədʒən]

n.

胶原蛋白

collagen *

collagen
Collagen is a protein that is found in the bodies of people and animals. It is often used as an ingredient in cosmetics or is injected into the face in cosmetic surgery, in order to make the skin look younger.

- The collagen that is included in face creams comes from animal skin.

- ...collagen injections.

N-UNCOUNT

collapse

[D.J.:kəˈlæps]

[K.K.:kəˈlæps]

vi.

倒塌, 塌下

崩溃, 突然失败

n.

倒塌, 崩溃

collapsed

暴跌

collapsing

[kəˈlæpsiŋ]

n.

压扁[平],毁坏,断裂

collapse ****

1. collapse collapses collapsing collapsed
If a building or other structure collapses , it falls down very suddenly.

- A section of the Bay Bridge had collapsed.

- The roof collapsed in a roar of rock and rubble.

- Most of the deaths were caused by landslides and collapsing buildings.

VB

2. collapse
Also a noun.

- Governor Deukmejian called for an inquiry into the freeway's collapse.

N-UNCOUNT

3. collapse collapses collapsing collapsed
If something, for example a system or institution, collapses , it fails or comes to an end completely and suddenly.

- His business empire collapsed under a massive burden of debt.

- This system has collapsed in most countries where it ruled.

- The rural people have been impoverished by a collapsing economy.

VB

4. collapse
Also a noun.

- The coup's collapse has speeded up the drive to independence.

- Their economy is teetering on the brink of collapse.

N-UNCOUNT

5. collapse collapses collapsing collapsed
If you collapse , you suddenly faint or fall down because you are very ill or weak.

- He collapsed following a vigorous exercise session at his home.

- It's commonplace to see people collapsing from hunger in the streets.

VB

6. collapse
Also a noun.

- A few days after his collapse he was sitting up in bed.

N-UNCOUNT

7. collapse collapses collapsing collapsed
If you collapse onto something, you sit or lie down suddenly because you are very tired.

- She arrived home exhausted and barely capable of showering before collapsing on her bed.

VB

8. collapse collapses collapsing collapsed
If something with air inside collapses , it falls inwards and becomes smaller or flatter.

- He plunged 300ft to the ground when his parachute collapsed.

- He was rushed to hospital last week after suffering a collapsed lung.

VB

collapse

verb

1.

fall down

cave in

crumple

fall

fall apart at the seams

give way

subside

2.

fail

come to nothing

fold

founder

go belly-up informal

noun

3.

falling down

cave-in

disintegration

falling apart

ruin

subsidence

4.

failure

downfall

flop

slump

5.

faint

breakdown

exhaustion

prostration

collapsible

[D.J.:kəˈlæpsəbl]

[K.K.: kəˈlæpsəbl..]

adj.

可折叠的;可拆卸的

collapsible

collapsible
A collapsible object is designed to be folded flat when it is not being used.

- ...a collapsible chair.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= folding

collar

[D.J.:ˈkɔlə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑlɚ]

n.

衣领, 领子

(狗等的)项圈

collared

有领圈的;上了轭[项圈]的;(肉)成卷的

collaring

[ˈkɔləriŋ]

n.

加轭

collars

辊环

collar **

1. collar collars
The collar of a shirt or coat is the part which fits round the neck and is usually folded over.

- His tie was pulled loose and his collar hung open.

- ...a coat with a huge fake fur collar.

N-COUNT
See also blue-collar , dog-collar , white-collar .

2. collar collars
A collar is a band of leather or plastic which is put round the neck of a dog or cat.
N-COUNT

3. collar collars collaring collared
If you collar someone who has done something wrong or who is running away, you catch them and hold them so that they cannot escape. (INFORMAL)

- As Kerr fled towards the exit, Boycott collared him at the ticket barrier.

VB
= grab

4. collar collars collaring collared
If you collar someone, you stop them and make them listen to you. (INFORMAL)

- Beattie managed to collar Atkins in a hallway.

- Bernard was once collared by an aggressive stranger in Soho.

VB

5. collar
If someone gets hot under the collar about something, they get very annoyed, angry, or excited about it. (INFORMAL)

- Some of you were getting very hot under the collar about Royals.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR about n

collar

verb Informal

seize

apprehend

arrest

capture

catch

grab

nab informal

nail informal

collarbone

[D.J.:ˈkɔləbəun]

[K.K.:ˈkɑlɚˌbon]

n.

锁骨

collarbone

collarbone collarbones
Your collarbones are the two long bones which run from throat to your shoulders.

- Harold had a broken collarbone.

N-COUNT (BRIT) also collar bone

collarless

[ˈkɔləlis]

adj.

无领的,无马轭(或颈圈)的

collarless

collarless
A collarless shirt or jacket has no collar.
ADJ: ADJ n

collate

[D.J.:kəˈleɪt, ˈkɔlˌeɪt, ˈkəʊˌleɪt]

[K.K.:kəˈlet, ˈkɑlˌet, ˈkoˌlet]

vt.

校对,整理

collation

n.

核对;小吃

collator

n.

校对者,整理者

collating

核对;依序整理

collation

[D.J.:kəˈleɪʃən, kɔ-, kəʊ-]

[K.K.:kəˈleʃən, kɑ-, ko-]

n.

<正>核对,校勘;考订,对照

冷食小吃,便餐

collator

[kɔˈleitə]

n.

校对机

collate *

1. collate collates collating collated
When you collate pieces of information, you gather them all together and examine them.

- Roberts has spent much of his working life collating the data on which the study was based.

- They have begun to collate their own statistics on racial abuse.

VB

2. collation

- Many countries have no laws governing the collation of personal information.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

collateral

[D.J.:kəˈlætərəl]

[K.K.:kəˈlætərəl]

n.

附属担保品

adj.

相关的

collateral *

collateral
Collateral is money or property which is used as a guarantee that someone will repay a loan. (FORMAL)

- Many people use personal assets as collateral for small business loans.

- Most people here cannot borrow from banks because they lack collateral.

N-UNCOUNT: oft as N
= security

collateral damage

collateral damage
Collateral damage is accidental injury to non-military people or damage to non-military buildings which occurs during a military operation.

- To minimize collateral damage maximum precision in bombing was required.

N-UNCOUNT

colleague

[D.J.:ˈkɔli:ɡ]

[K.K.:ˈkɑlˌiɡ]

n.

同事, 同僚

colleague ****

colleague colleagues
Your colleagues are the people you work with, especially in a professional job.

- Without consulting his colleagues he flew from Lisbon to Split.

- A colleague urged him to see a psychiatrist, but Faulkner refused.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

colleague

noun

fellow worker

ally

assistant

associate

collaborator

comrade

helper

partner

team-mate

workmate

collect

[D.J.:kəˈlekt]

[K.K.:kəˈlɛkt]

vt.

收集, 采集

领取; 接走; 拿走

vi.

聚集, 集合

vt. & vi.

征收; 募集

collected

[D.J.:kəˈlektɪd]

[K.K.:kəˈlɛktɪd]

adj.

收集成的；(作品等)成集的

镇定的

collect ****

1. collect collects collecting collected
If you collect a number of things, you bring them together from several places or from several people.

- Two young girls were collecting firewood.

- Elizabeth had been collecting snails for a school project.

- 1.5 million signatures have been collected.

VB
= gather

2. collect collects collecting collected
If you collect things, such as stamps or books, as a hobby, you get a large number of them over a period of time because they interest you.

- I used to collect stamps.

- One of Tony's hobbies was collecting rare birds.

VB

3. collecting

- ...hobbies like stamp collecting and fishing.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, oft n N

4. collect collects collecting collected
When you collect someone or something, you go and get them from the place where they are waiting for you or have been left for you. (BRIT; in AM usually use pick up )

- David always collects Alistair from school on Wednesdays.

- She had just collected her pension from the post office.

- After collecting the cash, the kidnapper made his escape down the disused railway line.

VB
= pick up

5. collect collects collecting collected
If a substance collects somewhere, or something collects it, it keeps arriving over a period of time and is held in that place or thing.

- Methane gas does collect in the mines around here.

- ...water tanks which collect rainwater from the house roof.

V-ERG

6. collect collects collecting collected
If something collects light, energy, or heat, it attracts it.

- Like a telescope it has a curved mirror to collect the sunlight.

VB

7. collect collects collecting collected
If you collect for a charity or for a present for someone, you ask people to give you money for it.

- Are you collecting for charity?.

- They collected donations for a fund to help military families.

VB

8. collect collects collecting collected
If you collect yourself or collect your thoughts, you make an effort to calm yourself or prepare yourself mentally.

- She paused for a moment to collect herself.

- He was grateful for a chance to relax and collect his thoughts.

VB
= compose

9. collect
If you call collect when you make a telephone call, the person who you are phoning pays the cost of the call and not you. (AM; in BRIT usually use reverse the charges )

- She received a collect phone call from Alaska.

- Should you lose your ticket call collect on STA's helpline.

PHR: V inflects

collected **

1. collected
An author's collected works or letters are all their works or letters published in one book or in a set of books.

- ...the collected works of Rudyard Kipling...

- His collected poems have just been published.

ADJ: ADJ n
= complete

2. collected
If you say that someone is collected , you mean that they are very calm and self-controlled, especially when they are in a difficult or serious situation.

- Police say she was cool and collected during her interrogation.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

collecting

collecting
A collecting tin or box is one that is used to collect money for charity. (BRIT; in AM use collection box )
ADJ: ADJ n
See also collect .

collect

verb

1.

assemble

cluster

congregate

convene

converge

flock together

rally

2.

gather

accumulate

amass

assemble

heap

hoard

save

stockpile

collected

adjective

calm

composed

cool

poised

self-possessed

serene

unperturbed

unruffled

collect up ****

collect up collects up; collecting up; collected up
If you collect up things, you bring them all together, usually when you have finished using them.

- Would you go and collect up the dishes?.

- Harold had all the copies collected up and burned.

PHR-V

collectable

[D.J.:kəˈlektib(ə)l]

[K.K.:kəˈlɛktəbəl]

adj.

可收集的,可代收的

collectable

1. collectable
A collectable object is one which is valued very highly by collectors because it is rare or beautiful.

- Visitors will be impressed with the enormous range of collectable objets d'art on offer.

- Many of these cushions have survived and are very collectible.

ADJ-GRADED also collectible .

2. collectable collectables
Collectables are collectable objects.

- Jane Pollock Antiques deals in silver and small collectables.

N-COUNT: usu pl also collectible .

collection

[D.J.:kəˈlekʃən]

[K.K.:kəˈlɛkʃən]

n.

收集; 收取, 领取

收藏品, 收集的东西

募集的款项, 捐款

积聚物; 集中在一起的人

collection ****

1. collection collections
A collection of things is a group of similar things that you have deliberately acquired, usually over a period of time.

- Robert's collection of prints and paintings has been bought over the years.

- The Art Gallery of Ontario has the world's largest collection of sculptures by Henry Moore.

- He made the mistake of leaving his valuable record collection with a former sweetheart.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. collection collections
A collection of stories, poems, or articles is a number of them published in one book.

- Two years ago he published a collection of short stories called `Facing The Music'.

- The Brookings Institution has assembled a collection of essays from foreign affairs experts.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

3. collection collections
A collection of things is a group of things.

- Wye Lea is a collection of farm buildings that have been converted into an attractive complex.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

4. collection collections
A fashion designer's new collection consists of the new clothes they have designed for the next season.
N-COUNT

5. collection
Collection is the act of collecting something from a place or from people.

- Money can be sent to any one of 22,000 agents worldwide for collection.

- ...computer systems to speed up collection of information.

- ...public services including mail delivery and garbage collection.

N-UNCOUNT

6. collection collections
If you organize a collection for charity, you collect money from people to give to charity.

- I asked my headmaster if he could arrange a collection for a refugee charity.

N-COUNT

7. collection collections
A collection is money that is given by people in church during some Christian services.
N-COUNT

collection

noun

1.

accumulation

anthology

compilation

heap

hoard

mass

pile

set

stockpile

store

2.

group

assembly

assortment

cluster

company

crowd

3.

contribution

alms

offering

offertory

collection box

collection box collection boxes
A collection box is a box or tin that is used to collect money for charity. (AM)
N-COUNT

collective

[D.J.:kəˈlektiv]

[K.K.:kəˈlɛktɪv]

adj.

集体的, 共同的, 共有的

collectively

[D.J.:kəˈlektɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:kəˈl ɛktɪvlɪ]

adv.

全体地；共同地

collective ***

1. collective
Collective actions, situations, or feelings involve or are shared by every member of a group of people.

- It was a collective decision.

- The country's politicians are already heaving a collective sigh of relief.

ADJ: ADJ n
= joint

2. collectively

- They collectively decided to recognize the changed situation.

- The Cabinet is collectively responsible for policy.

ADV: oft ADV with cl

3. collective
A collective amount of something is the total obtained by adding together the amounts that each person or thing in a group has.

- Their collective volume wasn't very large.

ADJ: ADJ n
= combined

4. collectively

- In 1968 the states collectively spent $2 billion on it.

ADV: ADV with v

5. collective
The collective term for two or more types of thing is a general word or expression which refers to all of them.

- Social science is a collective name, covering a series of individual sciences.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. collectively

- ...other sorts of cells (known collectively as white corpuscles).

ADV: ADV with v

7. collective collectives
A collective is a business or farm which is run, and often owned, by a group of people.

- He will see that he is participating in all the decisions of the collective.

N-COUNT
= co-operative

collective

adjective

combined

aggregate

composite

corporate

cumulative

joint

shared

unified

united

collective bargaining

collective bargaining
When a trade union engages in collective bargaining , it has talks with an employer about its members' pay and working conditions.
N-UNCOUNT

collective noun

collective noun collective nouns
A collective noun is a noun such as `family' or `team' that refers to a group of people or things.
N-COUNT

collective unconscious

collective unconscious
In psychology, the collective unconscious consists of the basic ideas and images that all people are believed to share because they have inherited them.
N-SING: usu the N

collectivism

[D.J.:kəˈlektivizəm]

[K.K.:kəˈlɛktəˌvɪzəm]

n.

集体主义

collectivism

collectivism
Collectivism is the political belief that a country's industries and services should be owned and controlled by the state or by all the people in a country. Socialism and communism are both forms of collectivism.
N-UNCOUNT

collectivist

[kəˈlektivist]

n.

集体主义者

collectivist

collectivist
Collectivist means relating to collectivism.

- ...collectivist ideals.

- ...anti-collectivist groups.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

collectivization

[kəˌlektivaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

集体化

collectivize

[D.J.:kəˈlektəˌvaɪz]

[K.K.:kəˈlɛktəˌvaɪz]

vt.

使公有化,使集体化

collectivize

1. collectivize collectivizes collectivizing collectivized
If farms or factories are collectivized , they are brought under state ownership and control, usually by combining a number of small farms or factories into one large one.

- Virtually all of the largest businesses were collectivized in the first couple of months of the war.

- He forced the country to collectivize agriculture and industrialize.

- ...large collectivised farms.

VB (BRIT) also collectivise

2. collectivization

- In the late 20s he oversaw the forced collectivisation of agriculture.

- ...opponents of collectivization.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

collector

[D.J.:kəˈlektə]

[K.K.:kəˈlɛktɚ]

n.

收集者, 收取者

promoter,collector

捕收剂

collector **

1. collector collectors
A collector is a person who collects things of a particular type as a hobby.

- ...a stamp-collector.

- ...a respected collector of Indian art...

- His work is much sought after by collectors.

N-COUNT: oft n N, N of n

2. collector collectors
You can use collector to refer to someone whose job is to take something such as money, tickets, or rubbish from people. For example, a rent collector collects rent from people.

- He earned his living as a tax collector.

- ...a garbage collector.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu n N

collector's item

collector's item collector's items
A collector's item is an object which is highly valued by collectors because it is rare or beautiful.
N-COUNT

college

[D.J.:ˈkɔlidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈkɑlɪdʒ]

n.

大学, 学院; 高等专科学校

college ****

1. college colleges
A college is an institution where students study after they have left school.

- Their daughter Joanna is doing business studies at a local college.

- Stephanie took up making jewellery after leaving art college this summer.

- He is now a professor of economics at Western New England College in Springfield, Massachusetts.

N-VAR: oft in names

2. college colleges
A college is one of the institutions which some British universities are divided into.

- He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

3. college
At some universities in the United States, colleges are divisions which offer degrees in particular subjects.

- ...a professor at the University of Florida College of Law.

N-COUNT; usu N of n, oft in names

4. college
College is used in Britain in the names of some secondary schools which charge fees.

- In 1854, Cheltenham Ladies' College became the first girls' public school.

N-IN-NAMES

5. college colleges
A college of a particular kind is an organized group of people who have special duties and powers. (FORMAL)

- He is a member of the Royal College of Physicians.

- There is a college of international supervisors working together.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft in names

collegiate

[D.J.:kəˈli:dʒiit]

[K.K.:kəˈlidʒɪt, -dʒiɪt]

adj.

学院的

collegiate *

collegiate
Collegiate means belonging or relating to a college or to college students. (mainly AM)

- The 1933 national collegiate football championship was won by Michigan.

- ...collegiate life.

ADJ: ADJ n
= college

collide

[D.J.:kəˈlaid]

[K.K.:kəˈlaɪd]

vi.

相撞, 碰撞

冲突, 抵触, 不一致

collided

v.

碰撞,冲突

collide *

1. collide collides colliding collided
If two or more moving people or objects collide , they crash into one another. If a moving person or object collides with a person or object that is not moving, they crash into them.

- Two trains collided head-on in north-eastern Germany early this morning.

- Racing up the stairs, he almost collided with Daisy.

- He collided with a pine tree near the North Gate.

V-RECIP

2. collide collides colliding collided
If the aims, opinions, or interests of one person or group collide with those of another person or group, they are very different from each other and are therefore opposed.

- The aims of the negotiators in New York again seem likely to collide with the aims of the warriors in the field.

- In the next two years, Nasser regularly collided with the different Western powers, who refused to arm him.

- What happens when the two interests collide will make a fascinating spectacle.

V-RECIP
= clash

collide

verb

1.

crash

clash

come into collision

meet head-on

2.

conflict

clash

collie

[D.J.:ˈkɔli]

[K.K.:ˈkɑli]

n.

牧羊狗(一种高大聪敏长毛的牧羊狗)

collie

collie collies
A collie or a collie dog is a dog with long hair and a long, narrow nose.
N-COUNT

colliery

[D.J.:ˈkɔljəri]

[K.K.:ˈkɑljəri]

n.

煤矿

colliery *

colliery collieries
A colliery is a coal mine and all the buildings and equipment which are connected with it. (BRIT)
N-COUNT
= pit

collision

[D.J.:kəˈliʒən]

[K.K.:kəˈlɪʒən]

n.

碰撞, 冲突, 抵触

collision **

1. collision collisions
A collision occurs when a moving object crashes into something.

- They were on their way to the Shropshire Union Canal when their van was involved in a collision with a car.

- I saw a head-on collision between two aeroplanes.

N-VAR: oft N with/between n
= crash

2. collision collisions
A collision of cultures or ideas occurs when two very different cultures or people meet and conflict.

- It's the collision of disparate ideas that alters one's perspective.

- The play represents the collision of three generations.

N-COUNT: oft N of/between/with n
= clash

collision

noun

1.

crash

accident

bump

impact

pile-up informal

prang informal

smash

2.

conflict

clash

confrontation

encounter

opposition

skirmish

collision course

1. collision course
If two or more people or things are on a collision course , there is likely to be a sudden and violent disagreement between them.

- The two communities are now on a collision course.

- Britain's universities are set on a collision course with the government.

N-SING: usu on a N, oft N with n

2. collision course
If two or more people or things are on a collision course , they are likely to meet and crash into each other violently.

- There is an asteroid on a collision course with the Earth.

N-SING: usu on a N, oft N with n

collocate

[D.J.:ˈkɔləkeit]

[K.K.:ˈkɑləˌket]

vi.

并置排列, 配置

collocate

1. collocate collocates
In linguistics, a collocate of a particular word is another word which often occurs with that word. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

2. collocate collocates collocating collocated
In linguistics, if one word collocates with another, they often occur together. (TECHNICAL)

- `Detached' collocates with `house'.

V-RECIP

collocation

[D.J.:ˌkɔləˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑloˈkeʃən]

n.

排列,配置,词的搭配

collocation

collocation collocations
In linguistics, collocation is the way that some words occur regularly whenever another word is used. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the basic notion of collocation.

N-VAR

colloquial

[D.J.:kəˈləʊkwi:əl]

[K.K.:kəˈlokwiəl]

adj.

口语的, 会话的

colloquially

adv.

用白话,用通俗语

colloquial

1. colloquial
Colloquial words and phrases are informal and are used mainly in conversation.

- ...a colloquial expression...

- His stumbling attempts at colloquial Russian amused her.

ADJ-GRADED

2. colloquially

- The people who write parking tickets in New York are known colloquially as `brownies'.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

colloquial

adjective

informal

conversational

demotic

everyday

familiar

idiomatic

vernacular

colloquialism

[D.J.:kəˈləukwiəliz(ə)m]

[K.K.:kəˈlokwiəˌlɪzəm]

n.

俗话,白话,口语

colloquialism

colloquialism colloquialisms
A colloquialism is a colloquial word or phrase.
N-COUNT

collude

[D.J.:kəˈlu:d]

[K.K.:kəˈlud]

vi.

密谋,共谋

collusive

adj.

collusive

[D.J.:kəˈlju:siv]

[K.K.:kəˈlusɪv, -zɪv]

adj.

共谋的

collude

collude colludes colluding colluded
If one person colludes with another, they co-operate with them secretly or illegally.

- Several local officials are in jail on charges of colluding with the Mafia.

- My mother colluded in the myth of him as the swanky businessman.

- The store's `no refunds' policy makes it harder for dishonest cashiers and customers to collude.

V-RECIP disapproval

collusion

[D.J.:kəˈlu:ʒən]

[K.K.:kəˈluʒən]

n.

共谋,勾结,串通

collusion *

collusion
Collusion is secret or illegal co-operation, especially between countries or organizations. (FORMAL)

- He found no evidence of collusion between record companies and retailers.

- Some stockbrokers, in collusion with bank officials, obtained large sums of money for speculation.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N between pl-n, N with n, in N disapproval

collusive

collusive
Collusive behaviour involves secret or illegal co-operation, especially between countries or organizations. (FORMAL)

- Any evidence of collusive behaviour by the banks could be sent to the Office of Fair Trading.

- ...collusive business practices.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

cologne

[D.J.:kəˈləun]

[K.K.:kəˈlon]

n.

科隆香水, 古龙水

cologne *

cologne colognes
Cologne is a kind of weak perfume.
N-MASS
= eau de cologne

Colombian

[kəˈlɔmbiən]

n.

哥伦比亚人

adj.

哥伦比亚的

Colombian ***

1. Colombian
Colombian means belonging or relating to Colombia or its people or culture.
ADJ

2. Colombian Colombians
A Colombian is a Colombian citizen, or a person of Colombian origin.
N-COUNT

colon

[D.J.:ˈkəulən]

[K.K.:ˈkolən]

n.

冒号

〈解〉结肠

colon *

1. colon colons
A colon is the punctuation mark : which you can use in several ways. For example, you can put it before a list of things or before reported speech.
N-COUNT

2. colon colons
Your colon is the part of your intestine above your rectum.

- In the US, there are 60,000 deaths a year from cancer of the colon.

N-COUNT

colonel

[D.J.:ˈkə:nl]

[K.K.:ˈkɚnəl]

n.

上校

colonel ***

colonel
A colonel is a senior officer in an army, air force, or the marines.

- This particular place was run by an ex-Army colonel.

- ...Colonel Edward Staley.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC

colonial

[D.J.:kəˈləunjəl]

[K.K.:kəˈloniəl]

adj.

殖民地的, 拥有殖民地的

adj.

殖民主义者的

colonial **

1. colonial
Colonial means relating to countries that are colonies, or to colonialism.

- ...the 31st anniversary of Jamaica's independence from British colonial rule.

- ...the colonial civil service.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. colonial colonials
People who have lived for a long time in a colony but who belong to the colonizing country are sometimes referred to as colonials .

- ...a group of ex-colonials.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. colonial
A Colonial building or piece of furniture was built or made in a style that was popular in America in the 17th and 18th centuries. (mainly AM)

- ...the white colonial houses on the north side of the campus...

- I sat on the Colonial bench that was just to the left of the office doorway.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

colonialism

[D.J.:kəˈləʊni:əˌlɪzəm]

[K.K.:kəˈloniəˌlɪzəm]

n.

殖民主义，殖民政策

colonialism *

colonialism
Colonialism is the practice by which a powerful country directly controls less powerful countries and uses their resources to increase its own power and wealth.

- ...the bitter oppression of slavery and colonialism...

- It is interesting to reflect why European colonialism ended.

N-UNCOUNT

colonialist

[D.J.:kəˈləʊnjəlɪst]

[K.K.:kəˈlonɪəlɪst]

n.

殖民主义者

colonialist

1. colonialist
Colonialist means relating to colonialism.

- Earlier, the Cuban government had accused the Spanish Foreign Minister of colonialist attitudes.

- ...the European colonialist powers.

ADJ

2. colonialist colonialists
A colonialist is a person who believes in colonialism or helps their country to get colonies.

- The colonialists built economic, administrative, legal and social structures for the domination and exploitation of the people.

N-COUNT

colonist

[D.J.:ˈkɔlənɪst]

[K.K.:ˈkɑlənɪst]

n.

殖民地开拓者,移民;殖民地居民

colonist *

colonist colonists
Colonists are the people who start a colony or the people who are among the first to live in a particular colony.

- The apple was brought over here by the colonists when they came.

- ...the early American colonists.

N-COUNT

colonization

[D.J.:ˌkɔlənɪˈzeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑlənɪˈzeʃən]

n.

殖民地的开拓,殖民;殖民地化

colonize

[D.J.:ˈkɔləˌnaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈkɑləˌnaɪz]

vt.

开拓殖民地, 移民于殖民地

colonizer

n.

殖民者,殖民地开拓者,移民

colonize *

1. colonize colonizes colonizing colonized
If people colonize a foreign country, they go to live there and take control of it.

- The first British attempt to colonize Ireland was in the twelfth century.

- Liberia was never colonised by the European powers.

- For more than 400 years, we were a colonized people.

VB (BRIT) also colonise

2. colonizer colonizers

- To the former Belgian colonizers, Rwanda was a paradise.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. colonization

- ...the European colonization of America.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

4. colonize colonizes colonizing colonized
When large numbers of animals colonize a place, they go to live there and make it their home.

- Toads are colonising the whole place.

VB (BRIT) also colonise

5. colonize colonizes colonizing colonized
When an area is colonized by a type of plant, the plant grows there in large amounts.

- The area was then colonized by scrub.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also colonise

colonnade

[D.J.:ˌkɔləˈneɪd]

[K.K.:ˌkɑləˈned]

n.

石柱廊

colonnade

colonnade colonnades
A colonnade is a row of evenly spaced columns.

- ...a colonnade with stone pillars.

N-COUNT

colonnaded

adj.

有列柱的,有柱廊的

colonnaded

colonnaded
A colonnaded building has evenly spaced columns.
ADJ: ADJ n

colony

[D.J.:ˈkɔləni]

[K.K.:ˈkɑləni]

n.

殖民地

(侨民等)聚居区, 聚居地; 聚居的同国籍侨民; 聚居的同类人

(动植物的)群体, 集群

colony **

1. colony colonies
A colony is a country which is controlled by a more powerful country.

- In France's former North African colonies, anti-French feeling is growing.

- Puerto Rico, though it calls itself a Commonwealth, is really a self-governing American colony.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

2. colony colonies
You can refer to a place where a particular group of people lives as a particular kind of colony .

- In 1932, he established a school and artists' colony in Stone City, Iowa.

- ...a penal colony.

- ...industrial colonies.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= settlement

3. colony colonies
The colonies means all the countries that used to be British colonies. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- Many of our troops and officers were scattered around the world in the service of His Majesty in the colonies.

N-PLURAL: the N

4. colony colonies
The colonies means the 13 British colonies in North America which formed the original United States. (AM)

- On the eve of the Revolution, the colonies produced thirty thousand tons of crude iron a year.

N-PLURAL

5. colony colonies
A colony of birds, insects, or animals is a group of them that live together.

- The Shetlands are famed for their colonies of sea birds.

- The caterpillars feed in large colonies.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

colony

noun

settlement

community

dependency

dominion

outpost

possession

province

satellite state

territory

coloration

[D.J.:kʌləˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkʌləˈreʃən]

n.

染色,着色

coloration

coloration
The coloration of an animal or a plant is the colours and patterns on it.

- ...plants with yellow or red coloration.

N-UNCOUNT

coloratura

[D.J.:ˌkɔlərəˈtuərə]

[K.K.:ˌkʌlərəˈtʊrə, -ˈtjʊrə]

n.

(有装饰技巧的)花腔女高音

adj.

花腔音的

adv.

花腔音地

coloratura

1. coloratura
Coloratura is very complicated and difficult music for a solo singer, especially in opera. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

2. coloratura coloraturas
A coloratura is a singer, usually a woman, who is skilled at singing coloratura. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT: oft N n

colorization

colorization
Colorization is a technique used to add colour to old black and white films.

- ...the colorization of old film classics.

N-UNCOUNT

colorized

adj.

彩色的

colorized

colorized
A colorized film is an old black and white film which has had colour added to it using a special technique.

- The film is available in a colorized version.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

colossal

[D.J.:kəˈlɔsl]

[K.K.:kəˈlɑsəl]

adj.

巨大的

colossal *

1. colossal
If you describe something as colossal , you are emphasizing that it is very large.

- There has been a colossal waste of public money.

- The task they face is colossal.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= enormous immense

2. colossally

- Their policies have been colossally destructive.

ADV: ADV adj

colossal

adjective

huge

enormous

gigantic

immense

mammoth

massive

monumental

prodigious

vast

colossi

[D.J.:kəˈlɔsˌaɪ]

[K.K.:kəˈlɑsˌaɪ]

阿波罗神之巨像(公元前280年建成于罗得岛)

colossus

[D.J.:kəˈlɔsəs]

[K.K.:kəˈlɑsəs]

n.

巨像

巨人,大国,大企业

colossus

1. colossus colossi
If you describe someone or something as a colossus , you think that they are extremely important and great in ability or size. (JOURNALISM)

- He was a colossus, a legend.

- ...saxophone colossus Sonny Rollins...

- He became a colossus of the labour movement.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n emphasis
= giant

2. colossus colossi
A colossus is an extremely large statue.
N-COUNT

colostomy

[D.J.:kəˈlɔstəmi]

[K.K.:kəˈlɑstəmi]

n.

结肠造口术

colostomy

colostomy colostomies
A colostomy is a surgical operation in which a permanent opening from the colon is made. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

colour

[D.J.:ˈkʌlə]

[K.K.:ˈkʌlɚ]

n.

彩色

颜色

脸色, 气色

肤色

特色, 个性; 情调

颜料

coloured

[D.J.:ˈkʌləd]

[K.K.:ˈkʌləd]

adj.

有色的, 彩色的

colouring

[D.J.:ˈkʌlərɪŋ]

n.

色彩,色调;着色法

colouring matter

着色剂,染料,色素

colour *****

1. colour colours
The colour of something is the appearance that it has as a result of the way in which it reflects light. Red, blue, and green are colours.

- `What colour is the car?' --- `Red.'.

- Her silk dress was sky-blue, the colour of her eyes.

- Judi's favourite colour is pink.

- The badges come in twenty different colours and shapes.

N-COUNT: usu with supp (AM) color

2. colour colours
A colour is a substance you use to give something a particular colour. Dyes and make-up are sometimes referred to as colours .

- ...The Body Shop Herbal Hair Colour...

- It is better to avoid all food colours.

- ...the latest lip and eye colours.

N-VAR (AM) color

3. colour colours colouring coloured
If you colour something, you use something such as dyes or paint to change its colour.

- Many women begin colouring their hair in their mid-30s.

- We'd been making cakes and colouring the posters.

- The petals can be cooked with rice to colour it yellow.

VB (AM) color

4. colouring

- They could not afford to spoil those maps by careless colouring.

N-UNCOUNT

5. colour colours colouring coloured
If someone colours , their face becomes redder than it normally is, usually because they are embarrassed.

- Andrew couldn't help noticing that she coloured slightly.

VB (AM) color
= blush

6. colour colours
Someone's colour is the colour of their skin. People often use colour in this way to refer to a person's race.

- I don't care what colour she is.

- He acknowledged that Mr Taylor's colour and ethnic origins were utterly irrelevant in the circumstances.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft poss N (AM) color politeness

7. colour
A colour television, photograph, or picture is one that shows things in all their colours, and not just in black, white, and grey.

- In Japan 99 per cent of all households now have a colour television set.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) color

8. colour
Colour is a quality that makes something especially interesting or exciting.

- She had resumed the travel necessary to add depth and colour to her novels.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) color
See also local colour .

9. colour colours colouring coloured
If something colours your opinion, it affects the way that you think about something.

- All too often it is only the negative images of Ireland that are portrayed, colouring opinions and hiding the true nature of the country.

- The attitude of the parents toward the usefulness of what is learned must colour the way children approach school.

VB (AM) color
= affect

10. colour colours
A country's national colours are the colours of its national flag.

- The Opera House is decorated with the Hungarian national colours: green, red and white.

N-PLURAL (AM) color

11. colour colours
People sometimes refer to the flag of a particular part of an army, navy, or air force, or the flag of a particular country as its colours .

- Troops raised the country's colors in a special ceremony.

- ...the battalion's colours.

N-PLURAL: poss N (AM) color

12. colour colours
A sports team's colours are the colours of the clothes they wear when they play.

- I was wearing the team's colours.

N-PLURAL (AM) color

13. colour
If you pass a test with flying colours , you have done very well in the test.

- So far McAllister seemed to have passed all the tests with flying colors.

PHR: PHR after v (AM) color

14. colour
If a film or television programme is in colour , it has been made so that you see the picture in all its colours, and not just in black, white, or grey.

- Was he going to show the film? Was it in colour?.

- You can go home afterwards and watch Inspector Morse in colour.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v (AM) color

15. colour
If someone nails their colours to the mast , they say what they really think about something.

- I shall nail my colours firmly to the mast on this subject -- as a feminist I find movies like this offensive.

PHR: V inflects (AM) color

16. colour
If you nail your colours to someone's mast , or if you nail your colours to a particular mast , you show that you support a particular person or issue. (JOURNALISM)

- He has nailed his colours firmly to Mr Dobson's mast.

- Mr Kennedy nailed his colours to the mast of the single currency.

PHR: V inflects (AM) color

17. colour
If you say that you want to see the colour of someone's money , you mean that you are not prepared to sell them something or do something for them until they have proved that they have the money to pay for it.

- He made a mental note never to enter into conversation with a customer until he'd at least seen the colour of his money.

PHR: V inflects (AM) color

18. colour
People of colour are people who belong to a race with dark skins.

- Black communities spoke up to defend the rights of all people of color.

PHR: n PHR (AM) color politeness

19. colour
If you see someone in their true colours or if they show their true colours , you realize what they are really like.

- The children are seeing him in his true colours for the first time now.

- Here, the organization has had time to show its true colours, to show its inefficiency and its bungling.

PHR: PHR after v (AM) color

coloured ***

1. coloured
Something that is coloured a particular colour is that colour.

- The illustration shows a cluster of five roses coloured apricot orange.

- ...a cheap gold-coloured bracelet.

ADJ (AM) colored

2. coloured
Something that is coloured is a particular colour or combination of colours, rather than being just white, black, or the colour that it is naturally.

- You can often choose between plain white or coloured and patterned scarves.

- ...brightly coloured silks laid out on market stalls.

ADJ (AM) colored

3. coloured
A coloured person belongs to a race of people with dark skins. (OLD-FASHIONED, OFFENSIVE)
ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) colored

4. coloured coloureds
People whose skin is dark are sometimes referred to as coloureds . (OLD-FASHIONED, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT (AM) colored

colouring *

1. colouring
The colouring of something is the colour or colours that it is.

- Other countries vary the coloring of their bank notes as well as their size.

- ...the scenery was losing its bright colouring.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss (AM) coloring

2. colouring
Someone's colouring is the colour of their hair, skin, and eyes.

- None of them had their father's dark colouring.

- Choose shades which tone in with your natural colouring.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss (AM) coloring

3. colouring
Colouring is a substance that is used to give colour to food.

- A few drops of green food coloring were added.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) coloring

colour

noun

1.

hue

colorant

dye

paint

pigment

shade

tint

verb

2.

paint

dye

stain

tinge

tint

3.

blush

flush

redden

colour in *****

colour in colours in; colouring in; coloured in
If you colour in a drawing, you give it different colours using crayons or paints.

- Someone had coloured in all the black and white pictures.

- Draw simple shapes for your child to colour in.

PHR-V (AM) color

colourant

[ˈkʌlərənt]

n.

着色剂

colourant

colourant colourants
A colourant is a substance that is used to give something a particular colour.

- ...a new range of hair colourants.

N-COUNT (AM) colorant

colour blind

1. colour blind
Someone who is colour blind cannot see the difference between colours, especially between red and green.

- Sixteen times as many men are colour blind as women.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ (AM) color-blind

2. colour-blindness

- What exactly is colour-blindness and how do you find out if you have it?

N-UNCOUNT

3. colour blind
A colour blind system or organization does not treat people differently according to their race or nationality.

- ...the introduction of more colour blind anti-poverty programmes...

- He said he wanted a color-blind government where everybody's treated the same.

ADJ (AM) color-blind

colour-coded

colour-coded
Things that are colour-coded use colours to represent different features or functions.

- The map is colour-coded and easy to follow.

- The contents are emptied into color-coded buckets.

ADJ (AM) color-coded

colour fast

colour fast
A fabric that is colour fast has a colour that will not get paler when the fabric is washed or worn.
ADJ (AM) color fast

colourful

[D.J.:ˈkʌləfəl]

[K.K.:ˈkʌləfəl]

adj.

颜色鲜艳的

丰富多彩的, 引人入胜的

colourful **

1. colourful
Something that is colourful has bright colours or a lot of different colours.

- The flowers were colourful and the scenery magnificent.

- People wore colorful clothes and seemed to be having a good time.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) colorful

2. colourfully

- ...the sight of dozens of colourfully dressed people.

ADV-GRADED

3. colourful
A colourful story is full of exciting details.

- The story she told was certainly colourful, and extended over her life in England, Germany and Spain.

- ...the country's colourful and often violent history.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) colorful

4. colourful
A colourful character is a person who behaves in an interesting and amusing way.

- Casey Stengel was probably the most colorful character in baseball.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n (AM) colorful

5. colourful
If someone has had a colourful past or a colourful career, they have been involved in exciting but often slightly shocking things.

- More details surfaced of her colourful past as the story developed.

- ...a well-known City business man with a rather colourful background.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n (AM) colorful

6. colourful
Colourful language is rude or offensive language.

- Bryant is alleged to have used colourful language.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n (AM) colorful politeness
= bad

colourful

adjective

1.

bright

brilliant

multicoloured

psychedelic

variegated

2.

interesting

distinctive

graphic

lively

picturesque

rich

vivid

colouring book

colouring book colouring books
A colouring book is a book of simple drawings which children can colour in.
N-COUNT (AM) coloring book

colourist

[ˈkʌlərist]

n.

善用色彩者,五彩画家

colourist

1. colourist colourists
A colourist is someone such as an artist or a fashion designer who uses colours in an interesting and original way.
N-COUNT (AM) colorist

2. colourist colourists
A colourist is a hairdresser who specializes in colouring people's hair.
N-COUNT (AM) colorist

colourless

[D.J.:ˈkʌləlɪs]

adj.

无色的

无趣的;不刺激的;呆板的

colourless

1. colourless
Something that is colourless has no colour at all.

- ...a colourless, almost odourless liquid with a sharp, sweetish taste.

ADJ (AM) colorless

2. colourless
If someone's face is colourless , it is very pale, usually because they are frightened, shocked, or ill.

- Her face was colourless, and she was shaking.

- His complexion was colorless and he hadn't shaved.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ (AM) colorless

3. colourless
Colourless people or places are dull and uninteresting.

- ...the much more experienced but colourless General...

- We hurried through the colourless little town set on the fast-flowing Nyakchu.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n (AM) colorless

colourless

adjective

1.

drab

achromatic

anaemic

ashen

bleached

faded

wan

washed out

2.

uninteresting

characterless

dreary

dull

insipid

lacklustre

vapid

colour scheme *

colour scheme colour schemes
In a room or house, the colour scheme is the way in which colours have been used to decorate it.

- I was so pleased with the yellow colour scheme that I chose a similar colour for the walls of the nursery.

N-COUNT (AM) color scheme

colour supplement

colour supplement colour supplements
A colour supplement is a colour magazine which is one of the sections of a newspaper, especially at weekends. (BRIT; in AM use supplement )
N-COUNT

colt

[D.J.:kəʊlt]

[K.K.:kolt]

n.

小雄马

colt

colt colts
A colt is a young male horse.
N-COUNT

coltish

[D.J.:ˈkəʊltɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈkoltɪʃ]

adj.

公驹(似)的；马驹(似)的

蹦蹦跳跳的，活泼的

coltish

coltish
A young person or animal that is coltish is full of energy but clumsy or awkward, because they lack physical skill or control.

- We're surrounded by teenagers with flat stomachs, coltish legs and manes of sunkissed hair.

ADJ-GRADED

column

[D.J.:ˈkɔləm]

[K.K.:ˈkɑləm]

n.

柱, 圆柱

纵队, 直行

栏, 专栏(文章)

columns

塔器

column ***

1. column columns
A column is a tall, often decorated cylinder of stone which is built to honour someone or forms part of a building.

- ...a London landmark, Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square.

N-COUNT
= pillar

2. column columns
A column is something that has a tall narrow shape.

- The explosion sent a column of smoke thousands of feet into the air.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. column columns
A column is a group of people or animals which moves in a long line.

- There were reports of columns of military vehicles appearing on the streets.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

4. column columns
On a printed page such as a page of a dictionary, newspaper, or printed chart, a column is one of two or more vertical sections which are read downwards.

- We had stupidly been looking at the wrong column of figures.

- In The Dictionary of Quotations, there are no fewer than one and a half columns devoted to `kiss'.

N-COUNT

5. column columns
In a newspaper or magazine, a column is a section that is always written by the same person or is always about the same topic.

- His name features frequently in the social columns of the tabloid newspapers.

- She also writes a regular column for the Times Educational Supplement.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

column

noun

1.

pillar

obelisk

post

shaft

support

upright

2.

line

cavalcade

file

procession

rank

row

columnist

[D.J.:ˈkɔləmnist]

[K.K.:ˈkɑləmnɪst, -əmɪst]

n.

专栏作家

columnist **

columnist columnists
A columnist is a journalist who regularly writes a particular kind of article in a newspaper or magazine.

- Clarence Page is a columnist for the Chicago Tribune.

- ...the gossip columnists' favourite target.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

coma

[D.J.:ˈkəʊmə]

[K.K.:ˈkomə]

n.

<医>昏迷

coma *

coma comas
Someone who is in a coma is in a state of deep unconsciousness.

- She was in a coma for seven weeks.

- She had slipped into a coma by the time she reached hospital.

N-COUNT: usu in/into N

coma

noun

unconsciousness

oblivion

stupor

trance

comatose

[D.J.:ˈkəʊməˌtəʊs, ˈkɔmə-]

[K.K.:ˈkoməˌtos, ˈkɑmə-]

adj.

昏迷的, 不省人事的

昏昏沉沉的, 昏昏欲睡的

comatose

1. comatose
A person who is comatose is in a coma. (MEDICAL)

- The right side of my brain had been so severely bruised that I was comatose for a month.

ADJ
= unconscious

2. comatose
A person who is comatose is in a deep sleep, usually because they are tired or have drunk too much alcohol. (INFORMAL)

- Grandpa lies comatose on the sofa.

ADJ: oft ADJ after v

comb

[D.J.:kəum]

[K.K.:kom]

vt. & vi.

梳理

在…搜寻, 彻底搜查

n.

梳子

combing

[ˈkəumiŋ]

n.

梳毛,梳弃的毛或发

combs

n.

〈英口〉连身式内衣

comb *

1. comb combs
A comb is a flat piece of plastic or metal with narrow pointed teeth along one side, which you use to tidy your hair.
N-COUNT

2. comb combs combing combed
When you comb your hair, you tidy it using a comb.

- Salvatore combed his hair carefully.

- Her reddish hair was cut short and neatly combed.

VB

3. comb combs combing combed
If you comb a place, you search everywhere in it in order to find someone or something.

- Officers combed the woods for the murder weapon.

- They fanned out and carefully combed the temple grounds.

VB

4. comb combs combing combed
If you comb through information, you look at it very carefully in order to find something.

- Eight policemen then spent two years combing through the evidence.

VB

comb

verb

1.

untangle

arrange

dress

groom

2.

search

forage

hunt

rake

ransack

rummage

scour

sift

combat

[D.J.:ˈkɔmbət]

[K.K.:kəmˈbæt, ˈkɑmˌbæt]

n.

战斗, 格斗, 斗争

vt.

与…战斗, 与…斗争

combat ***

1. combat
Combat is fighting that takes place in a war.

- Over 16 million men had died in combat.

- Yesterday saw hand-to-hand combat in the city.

- ...combat aircraft.

N-UNCOUNT

2. combat combats
A combat is a battle, or a fight between two people.

- It was the end of a long combat.

N-COUNT

3. combat combats combating or combatting combated or combatted
If people in authority combat something, they try to stop it happening.

- Congress has criticised new government measures to combat crime.

VB

combat

noun

1.

fight

action

battle

conflict

contest

encounter

engagement

skirmish

struggle

war

warfare

verb

2.

fight

defy

do battle with

oppose

resist

withstand

combatant

[D.J.:kəmˈbætnt, ˈkɔmbətnt]

[K.K.:kəmˈbætn..t, ˈkɑmbətn..t]

adj.

战斗的,搏斗的

n.

战斗员,格斗者

combatant *

combatant combatants
A combatant is a person, group, or country that takes part in the fighting in a war.

- I have never suggested that UN forces could physically separate the combatants in the region.

- They come from the combatant nations.

N-COUNT: usu pl

combatant

noun

fighter

adversary

antagonist

enemy

opponent

soldier

warrior

combative

[D.J.:ˈkɔmbətiv]

[K.K.:kəmˈbætɪv]

adj.

好斗的

combative *

1. combative
A person who is combative is aggressive and eager to fight or argue.

- He conducted the meeting in his usual combative style, refusing to admit any mistakes.

ADJ-GRADED
= antagonistic

2. combativeness

- They quickly developed a reputation for combativeness.

N-UNCOUNT

combination

[D.J.:ˌkɔmbiˈneiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmbəˈneʃən]

n.

合作, 结合, 组合

联合体, 组合物

密码组合, 字码组合

排列, 组合

combinations

制品

combination ***

combination combinations
A combination of things is a mixture of them.

- ...a fantastic combination of colours.

- ...the combination of science and art.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

combination

noun

1.

mixture

amalgamation

blend

coalescence

composite

connection

mix

2.

association

alliance

coalition

confederation

consortium

federation

syndicate

union

combination lock

combination lock combination locks
A combination lock is a lock which can only be opened by turning a dial or a number of dials according to a particular series of letters or numbers.

- ...a black leather suitcase with combination locks.

N-COUNT

combine

[D.J.:kəmˈbain]

[K.K.:kəmˈbaɪn]

vt. & vi.

(使)联合

[ˈkɔmbain]

n.

联合收割机

联合集团

combined

[D.J.:kəmˈbaɪnd]

[K.K.:kəmˈbaɪnd]

adj.

联合的;相加的

<化>化合的

combining

[D.J.:kəmˈbainiŋ]

[K.K.:kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ]

n.

结合性的,化合的

combine ***

1. combine combines combining combined
If you combine two or more things or if they combine , they exist together.

- The Church has something to say on how to combine freedom with responsibility.

- If improved education is combined with other factors dramatic results can be achieved.

- Relief workers say it's worse than ever as disease and starvation combine to kill thousands.

- This suits China's aim of gradual industrial reform combined with fast economic growth.

V-RECIP-ERG

2. combine combines combining combined
If you combine two or more things or if they combine , they join together to make a single thing.

- David Jacobs was given the job of combining the data from these 19 studies into one giant study.

- Combine the flour with 3 tablespoons water to make a paste.

- Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen combine chemically to form carbohydrates and fats.

- Combined with other compounds, they created a massive dynamite-type bomb.

V-RECIP-ERG

3. combine combines combining combined
If someone or something combines two qualities or features, they have both those qualities or features at the same time.

- Their system seems to combine the two ideals of strong government and proportional representation.

- ...a clever, far-sighted lawyer who combines legal expertise with social concern...

- Her tale has a consciously youthful tone and storyline, combined with a sly humour.

VB

4. combine combines combining combined
If someone combines two activities, they do them both at the same time.

- It is possible to combine a career with being a mother.

- He will combine the two jobs over the next three years.

VB

5. combine combines combining combined
If two or more groups or organizations combine or if someone combines them, they join to form a single group or organization.

- ...an announcement by Steetley and Tarmac of a joint venture that would combine their brick, tile and concrete operations...

- Different states or groups can combine to enlarge their markets.

V-RECIP-ERG
= amalgamate

6. combine combines
A combine is a group of people or organizations that are working or acting together.

- ...Veba, an energy-and-chemicals combine that is Germany's fourth-biggest company.

N-COUNT

combined **

1. combined
A combined effort or attack is made by two or more groups of people at the same time.

- These refugees are looked after by the combined efforts of the host countries and non-governmental organisations.

ADJ: ADJ n
= joint

2. combined
The combined size or quantity of two or more things is the total of their sizes or quantities added together.

- Banco Central and Banco Hispano Americano will have combined assets worth 8.8 trillion pesetas.

ADJ: ADJ n
= total

combine

verb

join together

amalgamate

blend

connect

integrate

link

merge

mix

pool

unite

combine harvester

combine harvester combine harvesters
A combine harvester is a large machine which is used on farms to cut, sort, and clean grain.
N-COUNT

combining form

combining form combining forms
A combining form is a word that is used, or used with a particular meaning, only when joined to another word. For example, `-legged' as in `four-legged' and `-fold' as in `fivefold' are combining forms.
N-COUNT

combo

[D.J.:ˈkɔmbəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmbo]

〈美口〉套餐，如色拉、三明治、饮料等的组合食物

combo

combo combos
A combo is a small group of musicians who play jazz, dance, or popular music. (INFORMAL)

- ...a new-wave rock combo.

N-COUNT
= band

combustibility

n.

燃烧性,可燃性

combustible

[D.J.:kəmˈbʌstəbəl]

[K.K.:kəmˈbʌstəbəl]

adj.

易燃的,可燃的

n.

易燃物,可燃物

combustibility

n.

combustible

1. combustible
A combustible material or gas catches fire and burns easily. (FORMAL)

- The ability of coal to release a combustible gas has long been known.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= inflammable

2. combustible
A combustible situation is likely to result in conflict or trouble.

- I was desperate to change the subject, and we moved to less combustible talk about her future plans.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= sensitive

combustion

[D.J.:kəmˈbʌstʃən]

[K.K.:kəmˈbʌstʃən]

n.

燃烧, 烧毁

combustion *

combustion
Combustion is the act of burning something or the process of burning. (TECHNICAL)

- The energy is released by combustion on the application of a match.

- The two principal combustion products are water vapor and carbon dioxide.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n
See also internal combustion engine .

come about *****

come about comes about; coming about; came about
When you say how or when something came about , you say how or when it happened.

- Any possible solution to the Irish question can only come about through dialogue.

- That came about when we went to Glastonbury last year.

- Thus it came about that, after many years as an interior designer and antiques dealer, he combined both businesses.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come about

verb

happen

arise

befall

come to pass

occur

result

take place

transpire informal

come across *****

1. come across comes across; coming across; came across
If you come across something or someone, you find them or meet them by chance.

- He came across the jawbone of a 4.5 million-year-old marsupial.

- We like to identify and celebrate women's success whenever we come across it.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle
= encounter

2. come across comes across; coming across; came across
If someone or what they are saying comes across in a particular way, they make that impression on people who meet them or are listening to them.

- When sober he can come across as an extremely pleasant and charming young man.

- He came across very, very well. And his composure continued even under cross examination.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle
= come over

come across

verb

find

bump into informal

chance upon

discover

encounter

meet

notice

stumble upon

unearth

come around *****

1. come around comes around; coming around; came around
If someone comes around or comes round to your house, they call there to see you.

- Beryl came round this morning to apologize.

- Quite a lot of people came round to the house.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

2. come around comes around; coming around; came around
If you come around or come round to an idea, you eventually change your mind and accept it or agree with it.

- It looks like they're coming around to our way of thinking.

- She will eventually come round.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

3. come around comes around; coming around; came around
When something comes around or comes round , it happens as a regular or predictable event.

- I hope still to be in the side when the World Cup comes around next year.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

4. come around comes around; coming around; came around
When someone who is unconscious comes around or comes round , they recover consciousness.

- When I came round I was on the kitchen floor.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle
= come to

come at *****

come at comes at; coming at; came at
If a person or animal comes at you, they move towards you in a threatening way and try to attack you.

- He maintained that he was protecting himself from Mr Cox, who came at him with an axe.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come back *****

1. come back comes back; coming back; came back
If something that you had forgotten comes back to you, you remember it.

- He was also an MP -- I'll think of his name in a moment when it comes back to me.

- When I thought about it, it all came back.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

2. come back comes back; coming back; came back
When something comes back , it becomes fashionable again.

- I'm glad hats are coming back.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come back to *****

come back comes back; coming back; came back
If you come back to a topic or point, you talk about it again later.

- `What does that mean please?' --- `I'm coming back to that. Just write it down for the minute.'

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come back

verb Informal

return

reappear

recur

re-enter

come between *****

come between comes between; coming between; came between
If someone or something comes between two people, or comes between a person and a thing, they make the relationship or connection between them less close or happy.

- It's difficult to imagine anything coming between them.

- He's coming between you and your work.

PHR-V: no passive The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come by *****

come by comes by; coming by; came by
To come by something means to obtain it or find it.

- How did you come by that cheque?.

- In rural France, English language magazines are rather hard to come by.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle
= get hold of

come down *****

1. come down comes down; coming down; came down
If the cost, level, or amount of something comes down , it becomes less than it was before.

- Interest rates should come down.

- If you buy three bottles, the bottle price comes down to £2.42.

- The price of petrol is coming down by four pence a gallon.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

2. come down comes down; coming down; came down
If something comes down , it falls to the ground.

- The cold rain came down.

- The curtain came down after the first act.

- A Boeing 737 came down on the M1 motorway.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come down on *****

1. come down comes down; coming down; came down
If you come down on one side of an argument, you declare that you support that side.

- He clearly and decisively came down on the side of President Rafsanjani.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

2. come down comes down; coming down; came down
If you come down on someone, you criticize them severely or treat them strictly.

- If Douglas came down hard enough on him, Dale would rebel.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come down to *****

come down comes down; coming down; came down
If a problem, decision, or question comes down to a particular thing, that thing is the most important factor involved.

- Walter Crowley says the problem comes down to money.

- I think that it comes down to the fact that people do feel very dependent on their automobile.

- What it comes down to is, there are bad people out there, and somebody has to deal with them.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come down with *****

come down comes down; coming down; came down
If you come down with an illness, you get it.

- Thomas came down with chickenpox at the weekend.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come for *****

come for comes for; coming for; came for
If people such as soldiers or police come for you, they come to find you, usually in order to harm you or take you away, for example to prison.

- Lotte was getting ready to fight if they came for her.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come forward *****

come forward comes forward; coming forward; came forward
If someone comes forward , they offer to do something or to give some information in response to a request for help.

- A vital witness came forward to say that she saw Tanner wearing the boots.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come in *****

1. come in comes in; coming in; came in
If information, a report, or a telephone call comes in , it is received.

- Reports are now coming in of trouble at yet another jail.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

2. come in comes in; coming in; came in
If you have some money coming in , you receive it regularly as your income.

- She had no money coming in and no funds.

PHR-V: usu cont The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

3. come in comes in; coming in; came in
If someone comes in on a discussion, arrangement, or task, they join it.

- Can I come in here too, on both points?.

- He had a designer come in and redesign the uniforms.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

4. come in comes in; coming in; came in
When a new idea, fashion, or product comes in , it becomes popular or available.

- It was just when geography was really beginning to change and lots of new ideas were coming in.

- I wouldn't be sorry to see proportional representation and I think it's a thing which will gradually come in.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

5. come in comes in; coming in; came in
If you ask where something or someone comes in , you are asking what their role is in a particular matter.

- Rose asked again, `But where do we come in, Henry?'.

- Finally, he could do no more, which is where Jacques came in.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

6. come in comes in; coming in; came in
When the tide comes in , the water in the sea gradually moves so that it covers more of the land.
PHR-V: V P The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come in for *****

come in comes in; coming in; came in
If someone or something comes in for criticism or blame, they receive it.

- The plans have already come in for fierce criticism in many quarters of the country.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come into *****

1. come into comes into; coming into; came into
If someone comes into some money, some property, or a title, they inherit it.

- My father has just come into a fortune in diamonds.

PHR-V: no passive The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle
= inherit

2. come into comes into; coming into; came into
If someone or something comes into a situation, they have a role in it.

- We don't really know where Hortense comes into all this, Inspector.

- It's an unrestricted journey, and rules of any sort don't come into it.

PHR-V: no passive The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come out *****

1. come out comes out; coming out; came out
When a new product such as a book or record comes out , it becomes available to the public.

- The book comes out this week.

- Christian Slater has a new movie coming out next month in which he plays a vigilante.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

2. come out comes out; coming out; came out
If a fact comes out , it becomes known to people.

- The truth is beginning to come out about what happened.

- It will come out that she has covertly donated considerable sums to the IRA.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

3. come out comes out; coming out; came out
When a gay person comes out , they let people know that they are gay.

- ...the few gay men there who dare to come out...

- I came out as a lesbian when I was still in my teens.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle
come out of the closet : see closet .

4. come out comes out; coming out; came out
To come out in a particular way means to be in the position or state described at the end of a process or event.

- In this grim little episode of recent American history, few people come out well.

- So what makes a good marriage? Faithfulness comes out top of the list.

- Julian ought to have resigned, then he'd have come out of it with some credit.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

5. come out comes out; coming out; came out
If you come out for something, you declare that you support it. If you come out against something, you declare that you do not support it.

- the German Chancellor and the French President have come out in favour of direct financial aid.

- Its members had come out virtually unanimously against the tests.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

6. come out comes out; coming out; came out
When a group of workers comes out on strike, they go on strike. (BRIT; in AM use go out on strike )

- On September 18 the dockers again came out on strike.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

7. come out comes out; coming out; came out
If a photograph does not come out , it does not appear or is unclear when it is developed and printed.

- None of her snaps came out.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

8. come out comes out; coming out; came out
When the sun, moon, or stars come out , they appear in the sky.

- Oh, look. The sun's come out.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come out in *****

come out comes out; coming out; came out
If you come out in spots, you become covered with them. (BRIT; in AM use break out )

- When I changed to a new soap I came out in a terrible rash.

PHR-V: no passive The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle
= break out in

come out with *****

come out comes out; coming out; came out
If you come out with a remark, especially a surprising one, you make it.

- Everyone who heard it just burst out laughing when he came out with it.

- What was that marvellous quote that she came out with?

PHR-V: no passive The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come over *****

1. come over comes over; coming over; came over
If a feeling or desire comes over you, especially a strange or surprising one, it affects you strongly.

- As I entered the corridor which led to my room that eerie feeling came over me.

- I'm sorry, I don't know what came over me.

PHR-V: no passive The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

2. come over comes over; coming over; came over
If someone comes over all dizzy or shy, for example, they suddenly start feeling or acting in that way.

- When Connie pours her troubles out to him, Joe comes over all sensitive.

- Now you are coming over all puritanical about nothing.

PHR-V-LINK The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

3. come over comes over; coming over; came over
If someone or what they are saying comes over in a particular way, they make that impression on people who meet them or are listening to them.

- You come over as a capable and amusing companion.

- He came over well -- perhaps a little pompous, but nevertheless honest and straightforward.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle
= come across

come through *****

1. come through comes through; coming through; came through
To come through a dangerous or difficult situation means to survive it and recover from it.

- The city had faced racial crisis and come through it.

- He's too old to come through a fall like that.

PHR-V: no passive The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

2. come through comes through; coming through; came through
If a feeling or message comes through , it is clearly shown in what is said or done.

- I hope my love for the material came through, because it is a great script.

- Their talk is often hard to fathom but their exuberance still comes through.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

3. come through comes through; coming through; came through
If something comes through , it arrives, especially after some procedure has been carried out.

- The father of the baby was waiting for his divorce to come through.

- The news came through at about five o'clock on election day.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

4. come through comes through; coming through; came through
If you come through with what is expected or needed from you, you succeed in doing or providing it.

- He puts his administration at risk if he doesn't come through on these promises for reform.

- We found that we were totally helpless, and our women came through for us.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come to *****

come to comes to; coming to; came to
When someone who is unconscious comes to , they recover consciousness.

- When he came to and raised his head he saw Barney.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle
= come around

come under *****

1. come under comes under; coming under; came under
If you come under attack or pressure, for example, people attack you or put pressure on you.

- The police came under attack from angry crowds.

- In parliament last week the Finance Minister came under heavy pressure to resign.

- His relationship with the KGB came under scrutiny.

PHR-V: no passive The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

2. come under comes under; coming under; came under
If something comes under a particular authority, it is managed or controlled by that authority.

- They were neglected before because they did not come under the Ministry of Defence.

PHR-V: no passive The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

3. come under comes under; coming under; came under
If something comes under a particular heading, it is in the category mentioned.

- There was more news about Britain, but it came under the heading of human interest.

PHR-V: no passive The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come up *****

1. come up comes up; coming up; came up
If someone comes up or comes up to you, they approach you until they are standing close to you.

- Her cat came up and rubbed itself against their legs.

- He came up to me and said: `Come on, John.'

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

2. come up comes up; coming up; came up
If something comes up in a conversation or meeting, it is mentioned or discussed.

- The subject came up at a news conference in Peking today.

- Jeane Kirkpatrick's name has come up a lot.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

3. come up comes up; coming up; came up
If something is coming up , it is about to happen or take place.

- Plan your activities so that you are rested and refreshed when something important is coming up.

- We do have elections coming up.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

4. come up comes up; coming up; came up
If something comes up , it happens unexpectedly.

- I was delayed -- something came up at home.

- Other projects came up and the emphasis of my work altered.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

5. come up comes up; coming up; came up
If a job comes up or if something comes up for sale, it becomes available.

- A research fellowship came up at Girton and I applied for it and got it.

- The house came up for sale and the couple realised they could just about afford it.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

6. come up comes up; coming up; came up
When the sun or moon comes up , it rises.

- It will be so great watching the sun come up.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

7. come up comes up; coming up; came up
In law, when a case comes up , it is heard in a court of law.

- He is one of the reservists who will plead not guilty when their cases come up.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come up against *****

come up comes up; coming up; came up
If you come up against a problem or difficulty, you are faced with it and have to deal with it.

- We came up against a great deal of resistance in dealing with the case.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come up for *****

come up comes up; coming up; came up
When someone or something comes up for consideration or action of some kind, the time arrives when they have to be considered or dealt with.

- The TV rights contract came up for renegotiation in 1988.

- These three clubs could come under close scrutiny when their licenses come up for renewal.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come up to *****

come up comes up; coming up; came up
To be coming up to a time or state means to be getting near to it.

- It's just coming up to ten minutes past eleven now.

PHR-V: usu cont The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come up with *****

1. come up comes up; coming up; came up
If you come up with a plan or idea, you think of it and suggest it.

- Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.

- 30 years ago, scientists came up with the theory that protons and neutrons are composed of three smaller particles.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

2. come up comes up; coming up; came up
If you come up with a sum of money, you manage to produce it when it is needed.

- If Warren can come up with the $15 million, we'll go to London.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

come upon *****

1. come upon comes upon; coming upon; came upon
If you come upon someone or something, you meet them or find them by chance.

- I came upon an irresistible item at a yard sale.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle
= come across

2. come upon comes upon; coming upon; came upon
If an attitude or feeling comes upon you, it begins to affect you. (LITERARY)

- A sense of impending doom came upon all of us.

PHR-V The form come is used in the present tense and is the past participle

comeback

[D.J.:ˈkʌmbæk]

[K.K.:ˈkʌmˌbæk]

n.

恢复,复原

comeback **

1. comeback comebacks
If someone such as an entertainer or sports personality makes a comeback , they return to their profession or sport after a period away.

- Sixties singing star Petula Clark is making a comeback.

N-COUNT

2. comeback comebacks
If something makes a comeback , it becomes fashionable again.

- Tight fitting T-shirts are making a comeback.

N-COUNT

3. comeback
If you have no comeback when someone has done something wrong to you, there is nothing you can do to have them punished or held responsible.
N-UNCOUNT: with brd-neg
= redress

comeback

noun

1.

return

rally

rebound

recovery

resurgence

revival

triumph

2.

response

rejoinder

reply

retaliation

retort

riposte

comedian

[D.J.:kəˈmi:di:ən]

[K.K.:kəˈmidiən]

n.

喜剧演员, 丑角

comedian **

comedian comedians
A comedian is an entertainer whose job is to make people laugh, by telling jokes or funny stories.
N-COUNT
= comic

comedian

noun

comic

card informal

clown

funny man

humorist

jester

joker

wag

wit

comedic

[D.J.:kəˈmi:dik]

[K.K.:kəˈmidɪk]

adj.

喜剧的

comedic

comedic
Comedic means relating to comedy. (FORMAL)

- She brings an unsuspected comedic touch to her role.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ tragic

comedienne

[D.J.:kəˌmediˈen]

[K.K.:kəˌmidiˈɛn]

n.

喜剧女演员

comedienne

comedienne comediennes
A comedienne is a female entertainer whose job is to make people laugh, by telling them jokes and funny stories.
N-COUNT
= comic

comedown

[D.J.:kʌmdaun]

[K.K.:ˈkʌmˌdaʊn]

n.

衰落,丧失

comedown **

comedown
If you say that something is a comedown , you think that it is not as good as something else that you have just done or had.

- After getting your degree and being on a high, it's quite a comedown to experience constant rejection.

N-SING: a N (BRIT) also come-down
= let-down

comedown

noun

1.

decline

deflation

demotion

reverse

2.

disappointment

anticlimax

blow

humiliation

letdown

comedy

[D.J.:ˈkɔmidi]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmɪdi]

n.

喜剧

喜剧性

comedy ***

1. comedy
Comedy consists of types of entertainment, such as plays and films, or particular scenes in them, that are intended to make people laugh.

- Actor Dom Deluise talks about his career in comedy.

- ...a TV comedy series.

N-UNCOUNT

2. comedy comedies
A comedy is a play, film, or television programme that is intended to make people laugh.
N-COUNT
≠ tragedy

3. comedy
The comedy of a situation involves those aspects of it that make you laugh.

- Jackie sees the comedy in her millionaire husband's thrifty habits.

N-UNCOUNT
= humour

comedy

noun Informal

humour

farce

fun

hilarity

jesting

joking

light entertainment

comeliness

n.

漂亮的,好看的

comely

[D.J.:ˈkʌmli:]

[K.K.:ˈkʌmli]

adj.

<文>英俊的,好看的

comeliness

n.

comely

comely comelier comeliest
A comely woman is attractive. (OLD-FASHIONED)
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

come-on

[D.J.:ˈkʌmˌɔn, -ˌɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈkʌmˌɑn, -ˌɔn]

n.

劝诱,诱惑

come-on

come-on come-ons
A come-on is a gesture or remark which someone, especially a woman, makes in order to encourage another person to make sexual advances to them. (INFORMAL)

- The image Sue projected was both a come-on and a challenge to every man in the club that night.

- He ignores come-ons from the many women who seem to find him attractive.

N-COUNT

comer

[D.J.:ˈkʌmə]

[K.K.:ˈkʌmɚ]

n.

来者

有成功希望的人

comer *

comer comers
You can use comers to refer to people who arrive at a particular place.

- I arrived at the church at two-thirty p.m. to find some early comers outside the main door.

- The first comer was the Sultan himself.

N-COUNT: usu pl, supp N
See also all-comers , latecomer , newcomer .

comet

[D.J.:ˈkɔmit]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmɪt]

n.

彗星

comet **

comet comets
A comet is a bright object with a long tail that travels around the sun.

- Halley's Comet is going to come back in 2061.

N-COUNT

comeuppance

[D.J.:kʌmˈʌpəns]

[K.K.:ˌkʌmˈʌpəns]

n.

应得的惩罚,因果报应

comeuppance

comeuppance
If you say that someone has got their comeuppance , you approve of the fact that they have been punished or have suffered for something wrong that they have done. (INFORMAL)

- The central character is a bad man who shoots people and gets his comeuppance.

N-SING: usu poss N also come-uppance . approval
= just deserts

comeuppance

noun Informal

punishment

chastening

deserts

due reward

recompense

retribution

comfort

[D.J.:ˈkʌmfət]

[K.K.:ˈkʌmfət]

n.

舒适, 身心健康

使人舒服的事物

安慰, 帮助

给予援助或安慰的人或事

vt.

安慰, 使舒适

comforting

[D.J.:ˈk ʌmfətɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈk ʌmfɚtɪŋ]

adj.

令人欣慰的

comfort ***

1. comfort
If you are doing something in comfort , you are physically relaxed and contented, and are not feeling any pain or other unpleasant sensations.

- This will enable the audience to sit in comfort while watching the shows.

- The shoe has padding around the collar, heel and tongue for added comfort.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in/for N
≠ discomfort

2. comfort
Comfort is a style of life in which you have enough money to have everything you need.

- Surely there is some way of ordering our busy lives so that we can live in comfort and find spiritual harmony too.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N

3. comfort
Comfort is what you feel when worries or unhappiness stop.

- He welcomed the truce, but pointed out it was of little comfort to families spending Christmas without a loved one.

- He will be able to take some comfort from inflation figures due on Friday.

- He found comfort in Eva's blind faith in him.

N-UNCOUNT
See also cold comfort .

4. comfort comforts
If you refer to a person, thing, or idea as a comfort , you mean that it helps you to stop worrying or makes you feel less unhappy.

- At least he has given her a child who will be a great comfort to her in the years ahead.

- It's a comfort talking to you.

- Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in these tough times.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N to n, it v-link N to-inf/-ing

5. comfort comforts comforting comforted
If you comfort someone, you make them feel less worried, unhappy, or upset, for example by saying kind things to them.

- Ned put his arm around her, trying to comfort her.

VB
= console

6. comfort comforts
Comforts are things which make your life easier and more pleasant, such as electrical devices you have in your home.

- She enjoys the material comforts married life has brought her.

- Electricity provides us with warmth and light and all our modern home comforts.

- I do like my comforts.

N-COUNT: usu pl
See also creature comforts .

7. comfort
If you say that something is, for example, too close for comfort , you mean you are worried because it is closer than you would like it to be.

- The bombs fell in the sea, many too close for comfort.

- Although crimes against visitors were falling, the levels of crime were still too high for comfort.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

comforting *

1. comforting
If you say that something is comforting , you mean it makes you feel less worried or unhappy.

- My mother had just died and I found the book very comforting.

- In the midst of his feelings of impotence, a comforting thought arrived.

ADJ-GRADED

2. comfortingly

- `Everything's under control here,' her mother said comfortingly. `You've nothing to worry about.'

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, ADV adj, also ADV with cl

comfort

noun

1.

luxury

cosiness

ease

opulence

snugness

wellbeing

2.

relief

compensation

consolation

help

succour

support

verb

3.

console

commiserate with

hearten

reassure

soothe

comforting

adjective Informal

consoling

cheering

consolatory

encouraging

heart-warming

reassuring

soothing

comfortable

[D.J.:ˈkʌmfətəbl]

[K.K.:ˈkʌmfətəbəl, ˈkʌmftəbəl]

adj.

安逸的, 使人舒服的

丰富的

comfortably

[D.J.:ˈk ʌmfətəblɪ]

[K.K.:ˈk ʌmfɚtəblɪ]

adv.

舒服地;舒适地;安逸地

宽裕地

comfortably off

生活宽裕； 富有

comfortable ***

1. comfortable
If a piece of furniture or an item of clothing is comfortable , it makes you feel physically relaxed when you use it, for example because it is soft.

- ...a comfortable fireside chair...

- Trainers are so comfortable to wear.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ uncomfortable

2. comfortable
If a building or room is comfortable , it makes you feel physically relaxed when you spend time in it, for example because it is warm and has nice furniture.

- A home should be comfortable and friendly.

- ...somewhere warm and comfortable.

ADJ-GRADED

3. comfortably

- ...the comfortably furnished living room.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV -ed

4. comfortable
If you are comfortable , you are physically relaxed because of the place or position you are sitting or lying in.

- Lie down on your bed and make yourself comfortable.

- She tried to maneuver her body into a more comfortable position.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ uncomfortable

5. comfortably

- Are you sitting comfortably?.

- He would be tucked comfortably into bed.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

6. comfortable
If you say that someone is comfortable , you mean that they have enough money to be able to live without financial problems.

- `Is he rich?' --- `He's comfortable.'.

- She came from a stable, comfortable, middle-class family.

ADJ-GRADED

7. comfortably

- Cayton describes himself as comfortably well-off.

ADV-GRADED

8. comfortable
In a race, competition, or election, if you have a comfortable lead, you are likely to win it easily. If you gain a comfortable victory or majority, you win easily.

- By half distance we held a comfortable two-lap lead.

- He appeared to be heading for a comfortable victory.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

9. comfortably

- ...the Los Angeles Raiders, who comfortably beat the Bears earlier in the season.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= easily

10. comfortable
If you feel comfortable with a particular situation or person, you feel confident and relaxed with them.

- Nervous politicians might well feel more comfortable with a step-by-step approach.

- He liked me and I felt comfortable with him.

- I'll talk to them, but I won't feel comfortable about it.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ prep

11. comfortably

- They talked comfortably of their plans.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

12. comfortable
When a sick or injured person is said to be comfortable , they are in a stable physical condition.

- He was described as comfortable in hospital last night.

ADJ

13. comfortable
A comfortable life, job, or situation does not cause you any problems or worries.

- ...a comfortable teaching job at a university...

- Kohl's retirement looks far from comfortable.

ADJ-GRADED

comfortably *

comfortably
If you do something comfortably , you do it easily.

- Only take upon yourself those things that you know you can manage comfortably.

- Three of the six have comfortably exceeded their normal life expectancy.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
See also comfortable .

comfortable

adjective

1.

relaxing

agreeable

convenient

cosy

homely

pleasant

restful

snug

2.

happy

at ease

at home

contented

gratified

relaxed

serene

3.

well-off

affluent

in clover informal

prosperous

well-to-do

comfortably off

comfortably off
If someone is comfortably off , they have enough money to be able to live without financial problems.

- He had no plans to retire even though he is now very comfortably off.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

comforter

[D.J.:ˈkʌmfətə]

[K.K.:ˈkʌmfətɚ]

n.

安慰者

橡皮奶头

羊毛围巾

a Job’s comforter

增加对方痛苦的安慰者；反叫人添愁的安慰者

comforter

1. comforter comforters
A comforter is a person or thing that comforts you.

- He became Vivien Leigh's devoted friend and comforter.

N-COUNT

2. comforter comforters
A comforter is a large cover filled with feathers or similar material which you put over yourself in bed instead of a sheet and blankets. (AM; in BRIT use duvet or quilt )
N-COUNT

comfrey

[D.J.:ˈkʌmfri]

[K.K.:ˈkʌmfri]

n.

紫草科植物

comfrey

comfrey
Comfrey is a herb that is used to make drinks and medicines.
N-UNCOUNT

comfy

[D.J.:ˈkʌmfi]

[K.K.:ˈkʌmfi]

adj.

舒服的,轻松的

comfy

comfy comfier comfiest
A comfy item of clothing, piece of furniture, room, or position is a comfortable one. (INFORMAL)

- Loose-fitting shirts are comfy.

- ...a comfy chair.

ADJ-GRADED

comic

[D.J.:ˈkɔmik]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmɪk]

adj.

滑稽的, 好笑的

喜剧的

n.

连环漫画杂志

喜剧演员

comic **

1. comic
If you describe something as comic , you mean that it makes you laugh, and is often intended to make you laugh.

- The novel is comic and tragic.

- Most of these trips had exciting or comic moments.

ADJ-GRADED

2. comic
Comic is used to describe comedy as a form of entertainment, and the actors and entertainers who perform it.

- Grodin is a fine comic actor.

- ...a comic opera.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. comic comics
A comic is an entertainer who tells jokes in order to make people laugh.
N-COUNT
= comedian

4. comic comics
A comic is a magazine that contains stories told in pictures. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use comic book )

- Joe loved to read `Superman' comics.

N-COUNT
= comic book

5. comic comics
The comics is the part of a newspaper that contains the comic strips. (AM)
N-PLURAL: usu the N

comic

adjective

1.

funny

amusing

comical

droll

farcical

humorous

jocular

witty

noun

2.

comedian

buffoon

clown

funny man

humorist

jester

wag

wit

comical

[D.J.:ˈkɔmɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmɪkəl]

adj.

好笑的, 滑稽的, 怪里怪气的

comically

[D.J.:ˈk ɔmɪklɪ]

[K.K.:ˈk ɑmɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

滑稽地;诙谐地;可笑地

comical *

1. comical
If you describe something as comical , you mean that it makes you want to laugh because it seems funny or silly.

- Her expression is almost comical.

- Events took a comical turn.

ADJ-GRADED
= funny

2. comically

- She raised her eyebrows comically.

- The display of prehistoric monsters is comically naive.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

comical

adjective

funny

amusing

comic

droll

farcical

hilarious

humorous

priceless

side-splitting

comic book *

comic book comic books
A comic book is a magazine that contains stories told in pictures. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use comic )
N-COUNT
= comic

comic strip

comic strip comic strips
A comic strip is a series of drawings that tell a story, especially in a newspaper or magazine.
N-COUNT

coming of age

1. coming of age
When something reaches an important stage of development and is accepted by a large number of people, you can refer to this as its coming of age .

- ...postwar Germany's final coming-of-age as an independent sovereign state.

N-SING: with supp

2. coming of age
Someone's coming of age is the time when they become legally an adult.

- ...traditional coming-of-age ceremonies.

N-SING: with poss

comings and goings

comings and goings
Comings and goings refers to the way people keep arriving at and leaving a particular place.

- Crowds of refugees gather to watch the comings and goings of the journalists.

- She had to report her comings and goings to Sister Giuseppe.

N-PLURAL: with poss

comma

[D.J.:ˈkɔmə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmə]

n.

逗号

comma

comma commas
A comma is the punctuation mark , which is used to separate parts of a sentence or items in a list.
N-COUNT

command

[D.J.:kəˈmɑ:nd]

[K.K.:kəˈmænd]

n.

命令

指挥, 控制

掌握; 运用力, 控制力

部队, 兵团; 指挥部

vt. & vi.

指挥; 控制

vt.

命令

应得, 博得, 值得

俯瞰

掌握, 支配

commanding

[D.J.:kəˈmændɪŋ]

[K.K.:kəˈmændɪŋ]

adj.

指挥的

威严的

居高临下的

command ***

1. command commands commanding commanded
If someone in authority commands you to do something, they tell you that you must do it. (mainly WRITTEN)

- He commanded his troops to attack.

- `Get in your car and follow me,' he commanded.

- He commanded that roads be built to link castles across the land.

- `Don't panic,' I commanded myself.

VB
= instruct order

2. command commands
Also a noun.

- The tanker failed to respond to a command to stop.

- I closed my eyes at his command.

- ...the note of command in his voice.

N-VAR
= instruction

3. command commands commanded
If you command something such as respect or obedience, you obtain it because you are popular, famous, or important.

- ...an excellent physician who commanded the respect of all his colleagues...

- There is no limit to what can be achieved here because of the fantastic support we command.

VB: no cont

4. command commands commanding commanded
If an army or country commands a place, they have total control over it.

- The Royal Navy would command the seas.

- Yemen commands the strait at the southern end of the Red Sea.

VB
= rule

5. command
Also a noun.

- ...the struggle for command of the air.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

6. command commands commanding commanded
An officer who commands part of an army, navy, or air force is responsible for controlling and organizing it.

- ...the French general who commands the UN troops in the region...

- He didn't just command. He personally fought in several heavy battles.

VB

7. command
Also a noun.

- ...a small garrison under the command of Major James Craig...

- In 1942 he took command of 108 Squadron.

N-UNCOUNT
= charge

8. command commands
In the armed forces, a command is a group of officers who are responsible for organizing and controlling part of an army, navy, or air force.

- He had authorisation from the military command to retaliate.

- The army's supreme command has said the army will withdraw, provided the other side does so also.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu supp N

9. command commands
In the armed forces, a command is a group of soldiers that a particular officer is in charge of.

- There would continue to be a joint command of US and Saudi forces operating within Saudi borders.

- ...the Strategic Air Command.

N-COUNT-COLL: oft in names after n

10. command commands
In computing, a command is an instruction that you give to a computer.
N-COUNT

11. command
If someone has command of a situation, they have control of it because they have, or seem to have, power or authority.

- Whoever was waiting for them there had command of the situation.

- Mr Baker would take command of the campaign.

- In times of currency crisis interest rates can raised as a sign that a government is in command.

N-UNCOUNT

12. command
Your command of something, such as a foreign language, is your knowledge of it and your ability to use this knowledge.

- His command of English was excellent.

- ...a singer with a natural command of melody.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n
= grasp

13. command commands commanded
If a place commands a view, especially an impressive one, you can see the view clearly from that place. If a person commands a view of something, they can see it clearly from where they are. (FORMAL)

- The house commanded some splendid views of Delaware Bay.

- ...a point of rock, from which we could command a view of the loch.

VB: no cont

14. command
If you have a particular skill or particular resources at your command , you have them and can use them fully. (FORMAL)

- He came from the Sudan without a word of English at his command.

- The country should have the right to defend itself with all legal means at its command.

PHR

15. command
If you are in command or in command of yourself , you are relaxed and able to react and behave in the way that you want to.

- Nixon looked comfortable and in command.

- The man appeared to be in complete command of himself.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
= in control

commanding *

1. commanding
If you are in a commanding position or situation, you are in a strong or powerful position or situation.

- Right now you're in a more commanding position than you have been for ages.

- The French vessel has a commanding lead.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. commanding
If you describe someone as commanding , you mean that they are powerful and confident.

- Lovett was a tall, commanding man with a waxed gray mustache.

- The voice at the other end of the line was serious and commanding.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= authoritative

3. commanding
If a building has a commanding position, it is high up and has good views of the surrounding area.

- The size of the castle and its commanding position still impress the visitor today.

- What other home offers such a commanding view of the capital?

ADJ-GRADED

command

verb

1.

order

bid

charge

compel

demand

direct

require

2.

have authority over

control

dominate

govern

handle

head

lead

manage

rule

supervise

noun

3.

order

commandment

decree

demand

directive

instruction

requirement

ultimatum

4.

authority

charge

control

government

management

mastery

power

rule

supervision

commanding

adjective

controlling

advantageous

decisive

dominant

dominating

superior

commandant

[D.J.:ˌkɔmənˈdænt, -ˈdɑ:nt]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmənˈdænt, -ˈdɑnt]

n.

要塞司令,总指挥

commandant *

commandant
A commandant is an army officer in charge of a particular place or group of people.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

command economy

command economy command economies
In a command economy , business activities and the use of resources are decided by the government, and not by market forces.

- ...the Czech Republic's transition from a command economy to a market system.

N-COUNT
= planned economy

commandeer

[D.J.:ˌkɔmənˈdɪə]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmənˈdɪr]

vt.

征用

强占

commandeer

1. commandeer commandeers commandeering commandeered
If the armed forces commandeer a vehicle or building owned by someone else, they officially take charge of it so that they can use it.

- The soldiers commandeered vehicles in the capital and occupied the television station.

- They drove in convoy round the city in commandeered cars.

VB
= requisition

2. commandeer commandeers commandeering commandeered
To commandeer something owned by someone else means to take charge of it so that you can use it.

- He decides to commandeer their room.

- The hijacker commandeered the plane on a domestic flight.

VB disapproval
= usurp

commandeer

verb

seize

appropriate

confiscate

requisition

sequester

sequestrate

commander

[D.J.:kəˈmɑ:ndə]

[K.K.:kəˈmændɚ]

n.

指挥官

海军中校

commander ***

1. commander
A commander is an officer in charge of a military operation or organization.

- The commander and some of the men had been released.

- ...Commander Bob Marks.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC

2. commander
A commander is an officer in the Royal Navy or the U.S. Navy.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC

commander

noun

officer

boss

captain

chief

commanding officer

head

leader

ruler

commander-in-chief

n.

总司令

commander-in-chief *

commander-in-chief
A commander-in-chief is an officer in charge of all the forces in a particular area.

- He was to be the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

commanding officer *

commanding officer commanding officers
A commanding officer is an officer who is in charge of a military unit.

- He got permission from his commanding officer to join me.

N-COUNT

commandment

[D.J.:kəˈmændmənt]

[K.K.:kəˈmændmənt]

n.

戒条

commandment

commandment commandments
The Ten Commandments are the ten rules of behaviour which, according to the Old Testament of the Bible, people should obey.

- The eighth commandment is `Thou shalt not steal'.

N-COUNT

commando

[D.J.:kəˈmændəʊ]

[K.K.:kəˈmændo]

n.

突击队,突击队员

commando *

1. commando commandos or commandoes
A commando is a group of soldiers who have been specially trained to carry out surprise attacks.

- ...a small commando of marines...

- The hostages were freed in the commando raid.

N-COUNT: oft N n

2. commando commandos or commandoes
A commando is a soldier who is a member of a commando.

- Captain David Clement and 150 commandos stormed the port this morning.

N-COUNT

command performance

command performance command performances
A command performance is a special performance of a play or show which is given for a head of state.
N-COUNT

command post

command post command posts
A command post is a place from which a commander in the army controls and organizes his forces.
N-COUNT

commemorate

[D.J.:kəˈmeməreit]

[K.K.:kəˈmɛməˌret]

vt.

纪念, 庆祝

commemoration

[D.J.:kəˌmeməˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:kəˌmɛməˈreʃən]

n.

纪念;纪念仪式

commemorate **

1. commemorate commemorates commemorating commemorated
To commemorate an important event or person means to remember them by means of a special action, ceremony, or specially created object.

- One room contained a gallery of paintings commemorating great moments in baseball history.

- The 200th anniversary of Mozart's death is being commemorated around the world with concerts featuring his work.

VB
= celebrate

2. commemoration commemorations

- ...the 50th Anniversary Commemoration of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

- ...a service of commemoration.

- ...a march in commemoration of Malcolm X.

N-VAR: usu with supp

commemorate

verb

remember

celebrate

honour

immortalize

pay tribute to

salute

commemoration

noun

remembrance

ceremony

honouring

memorial service

tribute

commemorative

[D.J.:kəˈmemərətɪv]

[K.K.:kəˈmɛməretɪv]

adj.

(用作)纪念的；纪念性的(commemoratory)

n.

纪念物；纪念邮票；纪念币

commemorative *

commemorative
A commemorative object or event is intended to make people remember a particular event or person.

- The Queen unveiled a commemorative plaque.

ADJ: ADJ n

commence

[D.J.:kəˈmens]

[K.K.:kəˈmɛns]

vt. & vi.

〈正〉开始

commence *

commence commences commencing commenced
When something commences or you commence it, it begins. (FORMAL)

- The academic year commences at the beginning of October.

- They commenced a systematic search.

- The hunter knelt beside the animal carcass and commenced to skin it.

V-ERG
= start

commence

verb

begin

embark on

enter upon

initiate

open

originate

start

commencement

[D.J.:kəˈmensmənt]

[K.K.:kəˈmɛnsmənt]

n.

开始, 开端

毕业典礼, 学位授予典礼

commencement

1. commencement
The commencement of something is its beginning. (FORMAL)

- All applicants should be at least 16 years of age at the commencement of this course.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n

2. commencement
Commencement is a ceremony at a university, college, or high school at which students formally receive their degrees or diplomas. (AM; in BRIT use graduation )
also no det: usu N n

commend

[D.J.:kəˈmend]

[K.K.:kəˈmɛnd]

vt.

表扬; 称赞

托付; 委托

commendation

[D.J.:ˌkɔmənˈdeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmənˈdeʃən]

n.

奖,奖品;表扬;嘉奖状

推荐，举荐

commend *

1. commend commends commending commended
If you commend someone or something, you praise them formally. (FORMAL)

- I commended her for that action.

- I commend Ms. Orth on writing such an informative article.

- The book was widely commended for its candour.

- The reports commend her bravery.

- His actions were commended by the Jury.

VB

2. commendation commendations

- The Company received a commendation from the Royal Society of Arts.

N-COUNT

3. commend commends commending commended
If someone commends a person or thing to you, they tell you that you will find them good or useful. (FORMAL)

- I can commend it to him as a realistic course of action.

VB
= recommend

4. commend commends commending commended
If something commends itself to you, you approve of it. (FORMAL)

- The Rousseau model commended itself to a lot of early socialists.

VB
= recommend

5. commend
If you say that something has much to commend it, you approve of it. If you say that something has little to commend it, you disapprove of it. (FORMAL)

- The Prime Minister's initiative has much to commend it.

PHR: usu v PHR pron

commend

verb

praise

acclaim

applaud

approve

compliment

extol

recommend

speak highly of

commendation

noun

praise

acclaim

acclamation

approbation

approval

credit

encouragement

good opinion

panegyric

recommendation

commendable

[D.J.:kəˈmendəbl]

adj.

<正>值得表扬的;值得称赞的

commendably

很好地

commendable *

1. commendable
If you describe someone's behaviour as commendable , you approve of it or are praising it. (FORMAL)

- Mr Sparrow has acted with commendable speed.

- The tone of Mr Kinnock's speech was commendable.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= admirable

2. commendably

- Her manner was commendably restrained.

- They all behaved very commendably.

- Exercise classes, commendably, are limited to groups of 5.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv, ADV with v, ADV with cl

commendable

adjective

praiseworthy

admirable

creditable

deserving

estimable

exemplary

laudable

meritorious

worthy

commensurate

[D.J.:kəˈmensərɪt, -ʃə-]

[K.K.:kəˈmɛnsərɪt, -ʃə-]

adj.

(在时间和空间上)相等的

相称的,相当的

commensurate

1. commensurate
If the level of one thing is commensurate with another, the first level is in proportion to the second. (FORMAL)

- Employees are paid salaries commensurate with those of teachers.

- Managers saw a commensurate fall in their revenues.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with/to n, ADJ n

2. commensurately

- Japanese real wages have not yet increased commensurately with the wealth of Japan.

- The gain will be commensurately modest.

ADV: usu ADV after v, ADV adj/-ed

comment

[D.J.:ˈkɔment]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmɛnt]

n.

评论, 意见, 解释, 批评

vt. & vi.

评论; 谈论

comments

注解,注释

comment ****

1. comment comments commenting commented
If you comment on something, you give your opinion about it or you give an explanation for it.

- So far, Mr Cook has not commented on these reports.

- Stratford police refuse to comment on whether anyone has been arrested.

- You really can't comment till you know the facts.

- `I'm always happy with new developments,' he commented.

- Stuart commented that this was very true.

VB

2. comment comments
A comment is something that you say which expresses your opinion of something or which gives an explanation of it.

- He made his comments at a news conference in Amsterdam.

- I was wondering whether you had any comments about that?.

- There's been no comment so far from police about the allegations.

- Lady Thatcher, who is abroad, was not available for comment.

N-VAR

3. comment
If an event or situation is a comment on something, it reveals something about that thing, usually something bad.

- He argues that family problems are typically a comment on some unresolved issues in the family.

N-SING: usu a N on n
= reflection

4. comment
People say ` no comment ' as a way of refusing to answer a question, usually when it is asked by a journalist.

- No comment. I don't know anything.

CONVENTION

comment

noun

1.

remark

observation

statement

2.

note

annotation

commentary

explanation

exposition

illustration

verb

3.

remark

mention

note

observe

point out

say

utter

4.

annotate

elucidate

explain

interpret

commentary

[D.J.:ˈkɔmentəri]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmənˌtɛri]

n.

实况报道, 解说词

评论; 评注

commentary **

1. commentary commentaries
A commentary is a description of an event that is broadcast on radio or television while the event is taking place.

- He gave the listening crowd a running commentary.

- That programme will include live commentary on the England-Ireland game.

N-VAR

2. commentary commentaries
A commentary is an article or book which explains or discusses something.

- Mr Rich will be writing a twice-weekly commentary on American society and culture.

N-COUNT

3. commentary
Commentary is discussion or criticism of something.

- The show mixed comedy with social commentary.

- When I was able to elicit only a gentle smile, I thought perhaps this was a commentary on my humor.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, with supp
= comment

commentary

noun

1.

narration

description

voice-over

2.

notes

analysis

critique

explanation

review

treatise

commentate

[D.J.:ˈkɔmənˌteɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmənˌtet]

vt. & vi.

注释,评述

commentate *

commentate commentates commentating commentated
To commentate means to give a radio or television commentary on an event.

- They are in Sweden to commentate on the European Championships.

- He commentates for the BBC.

VB

commentator

[D.J.:ˈkɔmənˌteɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmənˌtetɚ]

n.

评论员,时事评论员;注释者;实况广播员

commentator ***

1. commentator commentators
A commentator is a broadcaster who gives a radio or television commentary on an event.

- ...a sports commentator.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. commentator commentators
A commentator is also someone who often writes or broadcasts about a particular subject.

- ...a political commentator...

- A. M. Babu is a commentator on African affairs.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

commentator

noun

1.

reporter

special correspondent

sportscaster

2.

critic

annotator

interpreter

commerce

[D.J.:ˈkɔmə:s]

[K.K.:ˈkɑməs]

n.

商业, 贸易

commerce ***

commerce
Commerce is the activities and procedures involved in buying and selling things.

- They have made their fortunes from industry and commerce.

N-UNCOUNT
See also chamber of commerce .

commerce

noun

trade

business

dealing

exchange

traffic

commercial

[D.J.:kəˈmə:ʃəl]

[K.K.:kəˈmɚʃəl]

adj.

商业的, 商务的

commercially

[D.J.:kəˈmɜ:ʃəlɪ]

[K.K.:kəˈmə..ʃəlɪ]

adv.

商业上;通商上

commercial ****

1. commercial
Commercial means involving or relating to the buying and selling of goods.

- Docklands in its heyday was a major centre of industrial and commercial activity.

- Attacks were reported on police, vehicles and commercial premises.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. commercial
Commercial organizations and activities are concerned with making money or profits, rather than, for example, with scientific research or providing a public service.

- British Rail has indeed become more commercial over the past decade.

- Conservationists in Chile are concerned over the effect of commercial exploitation of forests.

- Whether the project will be a commercial success is still uncertain.

ADJ-GRADED

3. commercially

- British Aerospace reckon that the plane will be commercially viable if 400 can be sold.

- Insulin is produced commercially from animals.

- Designers are becoming more commercially minded.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj, ADV with v, also ADV with cl

4. commercial
A commercial product is made to be sold to the public.

- They are the leading manufacturer in both defence and commercial products.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. commercially

- It was the first commercially available machine to employ artificial intelligence.

ADV: usu ADV adj, also ADV with v

6. commercial
A commercial vehicle is a vehicle used for carrying goods, or passengers who pay.

- Commercial vehicles, coaches and lorries are required by law to be fitted with tachographs.

- ...the fastest crossing of the Atlantic by a commercial passenger vessel.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

7. commercial
Commercial television and radio are paid for by the broadcasting of advertisements, rather than by the government.

- ...Classic FM, the first national commercial radio station.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ public

8. commercial
Commercial is used to describe something such as a film or a type of music that it is intended to be popular with the public, and is not very original or of high quality.

- There's a feeling among a lot of people that music has become too commercial.

ADJ-GRADED

9. commercial commercials
A commercial is an advertisement that is broadcast on television or radio.

- The government has launched a campaign of television commercials and leaflets.

N-COUNT

commercial

adjective

1.

mercantile

trading

2.

materialistic

mercenary

profit-making

commercial bank *

commercial bank commercial banks
A commercial bank is a bank which makes short-term loans using money from current or checking accounts.
N-COUNT

commercial break

commercial break commercial breaks
A commercial break is the interval during a commercial television programme, or between programmes, during which advertisements are shown.
N-COUNT

commercialism

[D.J.:kˈmə:ʃəˈliz(ə)m]

[K.K.:kəˈmɚʃəˌlɪzəm]

n.

商业主义,重商主义

commercialism

commercialism
Commercialism is the practice of making a lot of money from things without caring about their quality.

- Koons has engrossed himself in a world of commercialism that most modern artists disdain.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

commercialization

商业化,商品化

commercialize

[D.J.:kəˈmɜ:ʃəˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:kəˈmə..ʃəˌlaɪz]

vt.

(尤指不择手段地)利用…牟利;商业化

commercialize

1. commercialize commercializes commercializing commercialized
If something is commercialized , it is used or changed in such a way that it makes money or profits, often in a way that people disapprove of.

- It seems such a pity that a distinguished and honored name should be commercialized in such a manner.

- Federal agencies should commercialize research.

VB (BRIT) also commercialise disapproval

2. commercialized

- Rock'n'roll has become so commercialised and safe since punk.

ADJ-GRADED

3. commercialization

- ...the commercialization of Christmas.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

commie

[D.J.:ˈkɔmi]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmi]

n.

〈贬〉〈口〉共产主义者,共产党员

commie

commie commies
A commie is the same as a communist . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

commiserate

[D.J.:kəˈmɪzəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:kəˈmɪzəˌret]

vt. & vi.

怜悯,同情

commiseration

n.

怜悯,同情

commiseration

[D.J.:kəˌmizəˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:kəˌmɪzəˈreʃən]

n.

同情

commiserate

1. commiserate commiserates commiserating commiserated
If you commiserate with someone, you show them pity or sympathy when something unpleasant has happened to them.

- When I lost, he commiserated with me.

VB

2. commiseration commiserations

- After half an hour's commiseration, we turned to more practical matters.

- We have sent the team our commiserations.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

commiserate

verb

sympathize

console

feel for

pity

commissariat

[D.J.:ˌkɔmiˈsɛəriət]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmɪˈsɛriɪt]

n.

军需部门,粮食,粮食补给

commissariat

commissariat commissariats
A commissariat is a military department that is in charge of food supplies.
N-COUNT

commissary

[D.J.:ˈkɔmisəri]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmɪˌsɛri]

n.

代表,物资供应所,委员

commissary

commissary commissaries
A commissary is a shop that provides food and equipment in a place such as a military camp or a prison. (AM)
N-COUNT

commission

[D.J.:kəˈmiʃən]

[K.K.:kəˈmɪʃən]

n.

授权, 委托

委员会

佣金, 回扣

vt.

委任, 委托

commissioned

现役的

commissioning

[kəˈmiʃəniŋ]

n.

试运转;试车

commission ****

1. commission commissions commissioning commissioned
If you commission something or commission someone to do something, you formally arrange for someone to do a piece of work for you.

- The Ministry of Agriculture commissioned a study into low-input farming.

- You can commission them to paint something especially for you.

- ...specially commissioned reports.

VB

2. commission commissions
Also a noun.

- Our china can be bought off the shelf or by commission.

- He approached John Wexley with a commission to write the screenplay of the film.

N-VAR

3. -commissioned

- ...Government-commissioned research.

COMB in ADJ

4. commission commissions
A commission is a piece of work that someone is asked to do and is paid for.

- Just a few days ago, I finished a commission.

N-COUNT

5. commission commissions
Commission is a sum of money paid to a salesperson for every sale that he or she makes. If a salesperson is paid on commission , the amount they receive depends on the amount they sell.

- The salesmen work on commission only.

- He also got a commission for bringing in new clients.

N-VAR: oft on N

6. commission
If a bank or other company charges commission , they charge a fee for a providing a service, for example for exchanging money or issuing an insurance policy.

- Travel agents charge 1 per cent commission on sterling cheques.

- Sellers pay a fixed commission fee.

N-UNCOUNT

7. commission commissions
A commission is a group of people who have been appointed to find out about something or to control something.

- The authorities have been asked to set up a commission to investigate the murders.

- ...the Press Complaints Commission.

N-COUNT-COLL

8. commission
The commission of a crime is the act of committing a crime. (FORMAL)

- ...an organisation which is actively engaged in the commission of criminal terrorist acts.

N-UNCOUNT

9. commission commissions
If a member of the armed forces receives a commission , he or she becomes an officer.

- He accepted a commission as a naval officer.

N-COUNT

10. commission commissions commissioning commissioned
If a member of the armed forces is commissioned , he or she is made an officer.

- He was commissioned as second lieutenant in the Air Force.

- Only commissioned officers qualify for the Military Cross.

VB: usu passive

11. commission
If something, for example a ship or a piece of equipment, is out of commission , it is broken and cannot be used until it is repaired.

- The operator expects the ship to be out of commission until the end of September.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

commission

noun

1.

duty

errand

mandate

mission

task

2.

fee

cut

percentage

rake-off slang

royalties

3.

committee

board

commissioners

delegation

deputation

representatives

verb

4.

appoint

authorize

contract

delegate

depute

empower

engage

nominate

order

select

commissioner

[D.J.:kəˈmɪʃənə]

[K.K.:kəˈmɪʃənɚ]

n.

专员, 长官

委员

commissioner ***

commissioner commissioners
A commissioner is an important official in a government department or other organization.

- ...the European Commissioner for External Affairs.

- ...police commissioner...

- As baseball commissioner, Chandler was instrumental in making Jackie Robinson the first black player in the major leagues.

N-COUNT: usu with supp also Commissioner .
See also High Commissioner .

commit

[D.J.:kəˈmit]

[K.K.:kəˈmɪt]

vt.

犯罪; 犯错

承诺; 使自己受约束

托付; 交付

committed

[D.J.:kəˈmɪtɪd]

[K.K.: kəˈmɪtɪd]

adj.

忠诚的,坚定的

commit ****

1. commit commits committing committed
If someone commits a crime or a sin, they do something illegal or bad.

- I have never committed any crime.

- This is a man who has committed murder.

- ...the temptation to commit adultery.

VB

2. commit commits committing committed
If someone commits suicide, they deliberately kill themselves.

- There are unconfirmed reports he tried to commit suicide.

VB

3. commit commits committing committed
If you commit money or resources to something, you decide to use them for a particular purpose.

- They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poorest nations.

- The government had committed billions of pounds for a programme to reduce acid rain.

- He should not commit American troops without the full consent of Congress.

VB

4. commit commits committing committed
If you commit yourself to something, you say that you will definitely do it. If you commit yourself to someone, you decide that you want to have a long-term relationship with them.

- I would advise people to think very carefully about committing themselves to working Sundays.

- I'd like a friendship that might lead to something deeper, but I wouldn't want to commit myself too soon.

- You don't have to commit to anything over the phone.

VB

5. committed

- He said the government remained committed to peace.

- ...a committed socialist.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n/-ing

6. commit commits committing committed
If you do not want to commit yourself on something, you do not want to say what you really think about it or what you are going to do.

- It isn't their diplomatic style to commit themselves on such a delicate issue.

- She didn't want to commit herself one way or the other.

VB: with brd-neg

7. commit commits committing committed
If someone is committed to a hospital, prison, or other institution, they are officially sent there for a period of time.

- Arthur's drinking caused him to be committed to a psychiatric hospital.

VB: usu passive
= admit

8. commit commits committing committed
In the British legal system, if someone is committed for trial , they are sent by magistrates to stand trial in a crown court.

- He is expected to be committed for trial at Liverpool Crown Court.

VB: usu passive

9. commit commits committing committed
If you commit something to paper or to writing, you record it by writing it down. If you commit something to memory, you learn it so that you will remember it.

- She had not committed anything to paper about it.

- I'll repeat that so you can commit it to memory.

VB

commit

verb

1.

do

carry out

enact

execute

perform

perpetrate

2.

put in custody

confine

imprison

commitment

[D.J.:kəˈmɪtmənt]

[K.K.:kəˈmɪtmənt]

承诺

commitment

[D.J.:kəˈmitmənt]

[K.K.:kəˈmɪtmənt]

n.

承诺, 许诺, 保证

承担的义务

信奉, 献身

commitment ****

1. commitment
Commitment is a strong belief in an idea or system.

- ...commitment to the ideals of Bolshevism.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n

2. commitment commitments
A commitment is something which regularly takes up some of your time because of an agreement you have made or because of responsibilities that you have.

- I've got a lot of commitments.

- Work commitments forced her to uproot herself and her son from Reykjavik.

N-COUNT

3. commitment commitments
If you make a commitment to do something, you promise that you will do it. (FORMAL)

- We made a commitment to keep working together.

- They made a commitment to peace.

N-COUNT: usu N to-inf, N to n

4. commitment commitments
Commitment is the process of officially sending someone to a prison or to hospital. (AM; in BRIT use committal )
N-VAR

commitment

noun

1.

dedication

devotion

involvement

loyalty

2.

responsibility

duty

engagement

liability

obligation

tie

committal

[D.J.:kəˈmitl]

[K.K.:kəˈmɪtl]

n.

委托,承担义务,赞助

committal

committal committals
Committal is the process of officially sending someone to a prison or to hospital. (BRIT; in AM use commitment )

- ...his committal to prison.

- ...committal proceedings.

N-VAR

committee

[D.J.:kəˈmiti]

[K.K.:kəˈmɪti]

n.

委员会; 全体委员

committee *****

committee committees
A committee is a group of people who meet to make decisions or plans for a larger group or organization that they represent.

- ...a committee of ministers.

- ...an elected Management Committee who serve the Association on a voluntary basis.

- ...the Committee for Safety in Medicine...

- My reasons were stated in writing and circulated to all committee members.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu with supp

commode

[D.J.:kəˈməud]

[K.K.:kəˈmod]

n.

有抽屉的小柜,洗脸台,便桶

commode

1. commode commodes
A commode is a movable piece of furniture shaped like a chair, which has a large pot below or inside it. It is used as a toilet, especially by people who are too ill to be able to walk easily. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. commode commodes
A commode is a toilet. (AM)
N-COUNT

commodious

[D.J.:kəˈməʊdi:əs]

[K.K.:kəˈmodiəs]

adj.

<正>宽敞的

commodious

commodious
A commodious room or house is large and has a lot of space. (WRITTEN)
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

commodity

[D.J.:kəˈmɔditi]

[K.K.:kəˈmɑdɪti]

n.

商品, 货物

有用的东西

commodity **

commodity commodities
A commodity is something that is sold for money. (TECHNICAL)

- The government increased prices on several basic commodities like bread and meat.

N-COUNT
= goods

commodore

[D.J.:ˈkɔməˌdɔ:, -ˌdəʊr]

[K.K.:ˈkɑməˌdɔr, -ˌdor]

n.

(美国)海军准将

商船队中资深船长

游艇俱乐部会长

<英>海军准将;海军分遣舰队临时指挥官

commodore *

commodore
A commodore is an officer of senior rank in the navy, especially the British Royal Navy.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

common

[D.J.:ˈkɔmən]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmən]

adj.

普遍的, 常见的

公有的, 共有的, 共同的

一般的, 平常的

commoner

[D.J.:ˈk ɔmənə]

[K.K.:ˈk ɑmənɚ]

n.

平民

(牛津大学等的)自费学生

有公地使用权的人

commonly

[D.J.:ˈk ɔmənlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈk ɑmənlɪ]

adv.

通常地,一般地

平凡地;粗俗地,下贱地

commons

[ˈkɔmənz]

n.

平民,下院,公共用

common *****

1. common commoner commonest
If something is common , it is found in large numbers or it happens often.

- His name was Hansen, a common name in Norway.

- Oil pollution is the commonest cause of death for seabirds.

- Earthquakes are not common in this part of the world.

- It was common practice for prisoners to carve objects from animal bones to pass the time.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ rare

2. commonly

- Parsley is probably the most commonly used of all herbs.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. common
If something is common to two or more people or groups, it is done, possessed, or used by them all.

- Moldavians and Romanians share a common language.

- Such behaviour is common to all young people.

ADJ: oft ADJ to n

4. common
When there are more animals or plants of a particular species than there are of related species, then the first species is called common .

- ...the common house fly.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. common
Common is used to indicate that someone or something is of the ordinary kind and not special in any way.

- Democracy might elevate the common man to a position of political superiority.

- Common salt is made up of 40% sodium and 60% chloride.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. common
Common decency or common courtesy is the decency or courtesy which most people have. You usually talk about this when someone has not shown these characteristics in their behaviour to show your disapproval of them.

- It is common decency to give your seat to anyone in greater need.

- He didn't have the common courtesy to ask permission.

ADJ: oft with brd-neg, ADJ n disapproval

7. common
You can use the word common to describe knowledge, an opinion, or a feeling that is shared by people in general.

- It is common knowledge that swimming is one of the best forms of exercise.

- ...the common view that acupuncture is only a fringe area of medicine.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. commonly

- A little adolescent rebellion is commonly believed to be healthy.

ADV: ADV -ed

9. common commoner commonest
If you describe someone or their behaviour as common , you mean that they show a lack of taste, education, and good manners.

- She might be a little common at times, but she was certainly not boring.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= ill-bred ≠ refined

10. common commons
A common is an area of grassy land, usually in or near a village or small town, where the public is allowed to go.

- We are warning women not to go out on to the common alone.

- ...Wimbledon Common.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

11. common commons
In American English, the commons is also used.

- ...people who have the greatest need for the use of the commons, the public space.

N-PLURAL: the N

12. common
The Commons is the same as the House of Commons . The members of the House of Commons can also be referred to as the Commons .

- The Prime Minister is to make a statement in the Commons this afternoon.

- The Commons has spent over three months on the bill.

N-PROPER-COLL

13. common
If two or more things have something in common , they have the same characteristic or feature.

- The oboe and the clarinet have got certain features in common.

- In common with most Italian lakes, access to the shores of Orta is restricted.

PHR: oft PHR with n

14. common
If two or more people have something in common , they share the same interests or experiences.

- He had very little in common with his sister.

PHR: usu have n PHR, oft PHR with n

commoner *

commoner commoners
In countries which have a nobility, commoners are the people who are not members of the nobility.

- It's only the second time a potential heir to the throne has married a commoner.

N-COUNT

common

adjective

1.

average

commonplace

conventional

customary

everyday

familiar

frequent

habitual

ordinary

regular

routine

standard

stock

usual

2.

popular

accepted

general

prevailing

prevalent

universal

widespread

3.

collective

communal

popular

public

social

4.

vulgar

coarse

inferior

plebeian

commonality

[D.J.:ˌkɔməˈnæliti]

[K.K.:ˌkɑməˈnælɪti]

n.

公共,平民

commonality

commonality commonalities
Commonality is used to refer to a feature or purpose that is shared by two or more people or things. (FORMAL)

- We don't have the same commonality of interest.

- I'm going to look at some of the differences and also some of the commonalities.

N-VAR: oft N of n

common cold

common cold common colds
The common cold is a mild illness. If you have it, your nose is blocked or runny and you have a sore throat or a cough.
N-COUNT: usu sing, the N
= cold

common currency

common currency
If you say that an idea or belief has become common currency , you mean it is widely used and accepted.

- The story that she was trapped in a loveless marriage became common currency.

N-UNCOUNT

common denominator

1. common denominator common denominators
In mathematics, a common denominator is a number which can be divided exactly by all the denominators in a group of fractions.
N-COUNT

2. common denominator common denominators
A common denominator is a characteristic or attitude that is shared by all members of a group of people.

- I think the only common denominator of success is hard work.

N-COUNT

common land

common land
Common land is land which everyone is allowed to use.
N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

common law *

1. common law
Common law is the system of law which is based on judges' decisions and on custom rather than on written laws.

- Canadian libel law is based on English common law.

N-UNCOUNT also common-law .

2. common law
A common law relationship is regarded as a marriage because it has lasted a long time, although no official marriage contract has been signed.

- ...his common law wife.

ADJ: ADJ n also common-law .

common market *

1. common market common markets
A common market is an organization of countries who have agreed to trade freely with each other and make common decisions about industry and agriculture.

- ...the Central American Common Market.

N-COUNT

2. common market
The Common Market is the former name of the European Union . Some people still refer to the European Union as the Common Market .

- Spain and Portugal are joining the Common Market.

N-PROPER: the N

common noun

common noun common nouns
A common noun is a noun such as `tree', `water', or `beauty' that is not the name of one particular person or thing. Compare proper noun .
N-COUNT

common-or-garden

adj.

〈非正〉〈英〉普通的，一般的

common-or-garden

common-or-garden
You can use common-or-garden to describe something you think is ordinary and not special in any way. (mainly BRIT; in AM use garden-variety )

- These crumbs were grated on a common-or-garden cheese grater.

ADJ: ADJ n also common or garden .

commonplace

[D.J.:ˈkɔmənpleis]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmənˌples]

adj.

普通的, 平庸的

n.

陈腔滥调, 老生常谈

寻常的事物, 平常的东西

commonplace *

1. commonplace
If something is commonplace , it happens often or is often found, and is therefore not surprising.

- Foreign vacations have become commonplace.

- It is commonplace for snipers to open fire on aid convoys.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

2. commonplace commonplaces
A commonplace is something that happens often or is often found.

- It's become a commonplace to see people collapsing from hunger in the streets.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N to-inf/that

3. commonplace commonplaces
A commonplace is a remark or opinion that is often expressed and is therefore not original or interesting.

- It is a commonplace to say that Northern Ireland is a backwater in the modern Europe.

N-COUNT: usu sing

commonplace

adjective

1.

everyday

banal

common

humdrum

mundane

obvious

ordinary

run-of-the-mill

widespread

noun

2.

clich´e

banality

platitude

truism

common room

common room common rooms
A common room is a room in a university or school where people can sit, talk, and relax. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT also common-room .

common sense **

common sense
Your common sense is your natural ability to make good judgements and to behave in a practical and sensible way.

- Use your common sense.

- She always had a lot of common sense.

- ...a common-sense approach.

N-UNCOUNT also commonsense .

common sense

noun

good sense

gumption Brit. informal

horse sense

level-headedness

native intelligence

prudence

sound judgment

wit

commonwealth

[D.J.:ˈkɔmənwelθ]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ]

n.

共和国; 联邦, 团体, 协会

commonwealth **

1. commonwealth
The Commonwealth is an organization consisting of the United Kingdom and most of the countries that were previously under its rule.
N-PROPER: the N

2. commonwealth
Commonwealth is used in the official names of some countries, groups of countries, or parts of countries.

- ...the Commonwealth of Australia.

- ...the Commonwealth of Independent States, which replaced the Soviet Union.

N-IN-NAMES: the N of n

3. commonwealth
If you refer to a commonwealth of nations, you are referring to a group of countries who are friendly towards each other and have something in common. (FORMAL)

- ...a commonwealth of nations without economic borders.

N-SING: usu N of n

commotion

[D.J.:kəˈməuʃən]

[K.K.:kəˈmoʃən]

n.

混乱, 喧闹, 骚动

commotion *

commotion commotions
A commotion is a lot of noise, confusion, and excitement.

- He heard a commotion outside.

- Sounds of voices and commotion could be heard downstairs now.

N-VAR

commotion

noun

disturbance

disorder

excitement

furore

fuss

hue and cry

rumpus

tumult

turmoil

upheaval

uproar

communal

[D.J.:kəˈmju:nəl, ˈkɔmjə-]

[K.K.:kəˈmjunəl, ˈkɑmjə-]

adj.

社会的, 公有的

公用的, 公共的

communally

adv.

公有地,社区地

communal **

1. communal
Communal means relating to particular groups in a country or society.

- Communal violence broke out in different parts of the country.

- ...inter-communal relations.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. communal
You use communal to describe something that is shared by a group of people.

- The inmates ate in a communal dining room.

- ...communal ownership.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. communally

- Meals are taken communally in the dining room.

ADV: usu ADV after v

communal

adjective

public

collective

general

joint

shared

commune

[D.J.:ˈkɔmju:n]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmjun]

n.

公社

[D.J.:kəˈmju:n]

[K.K.:kəˈmjun]

vi.

与…感觉一致;感觉与…很亲近;与…亲密地交谈

commune with

与…相沟通；与(大自然等)相交融

commune *

1. commune communes
A commune is a group of people who live together and share everything.

- Mack lived in a commune.

N-COUNT

2. commune communes
In France and some other countries, a commune is a town, village, or area which has its own council.
N-COUNT

3. commune communes communing communed
If you say that someone is communing with an animal or spirit, or with nature, you mean that they appear to be communicating with it. (LITERARY)

- He was so happy communing with the dolphin in Dingle Bay.

- She would happily trot behind him as he set off from the lodge to commune with nature.

VB

commune

noun

community

collective

cooperative

kibbutz

communicable

[D.J.:kəˈmju:nɪkəbəl]

[K.K.:kəˈmjunɪkəbəl]

adj.

可以传授的,会传染的

communicable

communicable
A communicable disease is one that can be passed on to other people. (MEDICAL)
ADJ: usu ADJ n
= infectious

communicant

[D.J.:kəˈmju:nikənt]

[K.K.:kəˈmjunɪkənt]

n.

领圣餐者,报导者,通知者

adj.

传达消息的

communicant

communicant communicants
A communicant is a person in the Christian church who receives communion. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

communicate

[D.J.:kəˈmju:nikeit]

[K.K.:kəˈmjunɪˌket]

vt. & vi.

传达; 表达

vi.

通讯; 交际, 交流

相连; 相通

communication

[D.J.:kəˌmju:niˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:kəˌmjunɪˈkeʃən]

n.

交流, 交际, 通讯

信息, 消息

通信工具, 交通联系

communications

[D.J.:kəmju:niˈkeiʃ(ə)nz]

[K.K.:kəˌmjunɪˈkeʃənz]

n.

通信

communicator

[D.J.:kəˈmju:nikeitə]

[K.K.:kəˈmjunɪˌketɚ]

n.

交流者,发报机,列车内通报器

communicate ***

1. communicate communicates communicating communicated
If you communicate with someone, you share or exchange information with them, for example by speaking, writing, or using equipment. You can also say that two people communicate .

- My natural mother has never communicated with me.

- Officials of the CIA depend heavily on electronic mail to communicate with each other.

- They communicated in sign language.

V-RECIP

2. communication

- Lithuania hasn't had any direct communication with Moscow.

- ...use of the radio telephone for communication between controllers and pilots...

- We were in communication with each other.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N with/between n

3. communicate communicates communicating communicated
If you communicate information, a feeling, or an idea to someone, you let them know about it.

- They successfully communicate their knowledge to others.

- The results will be communicated to parents.

- People must communicate their feelings.

VB

4. communicate communicates communicating communicated
If one person communicates with another, they successfully make each other aware of their feelings and ideas. You can also say that two people communicate .

- He was never good at communicating with the players.

- Family therapy showed us how to communicate with each other.

- ...considerate individuals who can communicate and work in a team.

V-RECIP

5. communication

- There was a tremendous lack of communication between us.

- Good communication with people around you could prove difficult.

- ...communication skills.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N with/between n

6. communicator communicators

- She's a good communicator.

N-COUNT

communication ***

1. communication communications
Communications are the systems and processes that are used to communicate or broadcast information, especially by means of electricity or radio waves.

- ...a communications satellite.

- ...communications equipment.

N-PLURAL: oft N n

2. communication communications
A communication is a message. (FORMAL)

- The ambassador has brought with him a communication from the President.

N-COUNT

communicate

verb

make known

convey

declare

disclose

impart

inform

pass on

proclaim

transmit

communication

noun

1.

passing on

contact

conversation

correspondence

dissemination

link

transmission

2.

message

announcement

disclosure

dispatch

information

news

report

statement

word

communicative

[D.J.:kəˈmju:nɪˌkeɪtɪv, -kətɪv]

[K.K.:kəˈmjunɪˌketɪv, -kətɪv]

adj.

爱说话的,好社交的

communicative

1. communicative
Someone who is communicative talks to people, for example about their feelings, and tells people things.

- She has become a lot more tolerant and communicative.

ADJ-GRADED
= open

2. communicative
Communicative means relating to the ability to communicate.

- ...the notion of communicative competence...

- We have a very communicative approach to teaching languages.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

communicative

adjective

talkative

chatty

expansive

forthcoming

frank

informative

loquacious

open

outgoing

voluble

communion

[D.J.:kəˈmju:njən]

[K.K.:kəˈmjunjən]

n.

交流

宗教教派

communion *

1. communion
Communion with nature or with a person is the feeling that you are sharing thoughts or feelings with them.

- ...communion with nature.

- ...a communion of souls.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft N with n

2. communion
Communion is the Christian ceremony in which people eat bread and drink wine in memory of Christ's death.

- Most villagers took communion only at Easter.

- ...the Communion service.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

communiqu´e *

communiqu´e communiqu´es
A communiqu´e is an official statement or announcement. (FORMAL)

- Representatives of Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon issued a joint communiqu´e today after a two-day meeting in Amman.

N-COUNT

communism

[D.J.:ˈkɔmjunizəm]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm]

n.

共产主义

communism **

communism
Communism is the political belief that all people are equal and that workers should control the means of producing things.

- ...the ultimate triumph of communism in the world.

N-UNCOUNT also Communism .
≠ capitalism

communist

[D.J.:ˈkɔmjunist]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmjənɪst]

n.

共产主义者

adj.

共产主义的, 信仰共产主义的

communist ****

1. communist communists
A communist is someone who believes in communism.
N-COUNT

2. communist
Communist means relating to communism.

- ...the Communist Party.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

community

[D.J.:kəˈmju:niti]

[K.K.:kəˈmjunɪti]

n.

社区, 社会, 团体

大众, 公众

共有, 共享

community *****

1. community
The community is all the people who live in a particular area or place.

- He's well liked by people in the community.

- `The community are getting impatient,' said a representative of the Residents' Association.

- The growth of such vigilante gangs has worried community leaders, police and politicians.

N-SING-COLL: usu the N

2. community communities
A particular community is a group of people who are similar in some way.

- The police haven't really done anything for the black community in particular.

- ...the business community.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu supp N

3. community
Community is friendship between different people or groups, and a sense of having something in common.

- A supportive house for eight to ten older people, each with his or her own room, provides privacy and a sense of community.

- Two of our greatest strengths are diversity and community.

N-UNCOUNT

community

noun

society

brotherhood

commonwealth

company

general public

people

populace

public

residents

state

community centre *

community centre community centres
A community centre is a place that is specially provided for the people, groups, and organizations in a particular area, where they can go in order to meet one another and do things.
N-COUNT (AM) community center

community college

community college community colleges
A community college is a local college where students from the surrounding area can take courses in practical or academic subjects. (AM)
N-COUNT

community policing

community policing
Community policing is a system in which policemen work only in one particular area of the community, so that everyone knows them.
N-UNCOUNT

community service *

community service
Community service is unpaid work that criminals sometimes do as a punishment instead of being sent to prison.

- He was sentenced to 140 hours community service.

N-UNCOUNT

commute

[D.J.:kəˈmju:t]

[K.K.:kəˈmjut]

vi.

通勤

vt.

减(刑)

commuter

[D.J.:kəˈmju:tə]

[K.K.:kəˈmjutɚ]

n.

(远距离)上下班往返的人

commuting

[kəˈmju:tiŋ]

n.,adj.

交换(的)

commute **

1. commute commutes commuting commuted
If you commute , you travel a long distance every day between your home and your place of work.

- Mike commutes to London every day.

- McLaren began commuting between Paris and London.

- He's going to commute.

VB

2. commuter commuters

- The number of commuters to London has dropped by 100,000.

- ...a commuter train.

N-COUNT

3. commute commutes
A commute is the journey that you make when you commute. (mainly AM)

- The average Los Angeles commute is over 60 miles a day.

N-COUNT

4. commute commutes commuting commuted
If a death sentence or prison sentence is commuted to a less serious punishment, it is changed to that punishment.

- His death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment.

- Prison sentences have been commuted.

VB: usu passive

commuter

noun

daily traveller

straphanger informal

suburbanite

commuter belt

commuter belt commuter belts
A commuter belt is the area surrounding a large city, where many people who work in the city live.

- ...people who live in the commuter belt around the capital.

- ...a commuter-belt town.

N-COUNT

compact

[D.J.:kəmˈpækt]

[K.K.:kəmˈpækt]

vt. & vi.

压紧, (使)坚实

adj.

装填紧密的, 整齐填满的

[ˈkɔmpækt]

n.

协议, 条约, 契约

compacted

夯实的

compacting

[kəmˈpæktiŋ]

n.

压实,压制,(加)压(模)塑

compaction

[D.J.:kəmˈpækʃən]

[K.K.:kəmˈpækʃən]

n.

压紧,紧束的状态

compactness

[D.J.:kəmˈpæktnɪs]

[K.K.:kəmˈpæktnɪs]

n.

紧密;坚实

紧凑;小巧

简洁

compact **

1. compact
Compact things are small or take up very little space. You use this word when you think this is a good quality.

- ...my compact office in Washington.

- ...the new, more compact Czech government.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

2. compactness

- The very compactness of the cottage made it all the more snug and appealing.

N-UNCOUNT

3. compact
A compact person is small but strong.

- He was compact, probably no taller than me.

- He looked physically very powerful, athletic in a compact way.

ADJ-GRADED

4. compact
A compact cassette, camera, or car is a small type of cassette, camera, or car.
ADJ: ADJ n

5. compact compacts compacting compacted
To compact something means to press it so that it becomes more solid. (FORMAL)

- The Smith boy was compacting the trash.

- The soil settles and is compacted by the winter rain.

VB
= compress

6. compacted

- ...a pile of compacted earth.

ADJ-GRADED

7. compaction

- Regular forking of beds and borders relieves the compaction caused by rain.

N-UNCOUNT

8. compact compacts
A compact is a small, flat case that contains face powder and a mirror.
N-COUNT

compact

adjective

1.

closely packed

compressed

condensed

dense

pressed together

solid

thick

2.

brief

compendious

concise

succinct

terse

to the point

verb

3.

pack closely

compress

condense

cram

stuff

tamp

compact

noun

agreement

arrangement

bargain

bond

contract

covenant

deal

pact

treaty

understanding

compact disc *

compact disc compact discs
Compact discs are small shiny discs that contain music or computer information. The abbreviation CD is also used.

- The soundtrack of `Highlander II' will be released on compact disc at Easter.

N-COUNT: also on N (AM) also compact disk

companion

[D.J.:kəmˈpænjən]

[K.K.:kəmˈpænjən]

n.

同伴, 伙伴

成双成对的物品之一

companions

伴生种

companion **

companion companions
A companion is someone who you spend time with or who you are travelling with.

- Fred had been her constant companion for the last six years of her life.

- I asked my travelling companion what he thought of the situation in Algeria.

N-COUNT

companion

noun

1.

friend

accomplice

ally

associate

colleague

comrade

consort

mate informal

partner

2.

escort

aide

assistant

attendant

chaperon

squire

companionable

[D.J.:kəmˈpænjənəbəl]

[K.K.:kəmˈpænjənəbəl]

adj.

友善的;表示友好的

companionably

[D.J.:kəmˈpænjənəblɪ]

[K.K.:kəmˈpænjənəblɪ]

adv.

和善地

companionable

1. companionable
If you describe a person as companionable , you mean they are friendly and pleasant to be with. (WRITTEN)
ADJ-GRADED approval
= affable

2. companionably

- They walked companionably back to the house in the sunshine.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

companionship

[D.J.:kəmˈpænjənˌʃɪp]

[K.K.:kəmˈpænjənˌʃɪp]

n.

伙伴关系;友情,友谊

companionship *

companionship
Companionship is having someone you know and like with you, rather than being on your own.

- I depended on his companionship and on his judgement.

- The majority of people own a dog for companionship.

N-UNCOUNT
= company

companionship

noun

fellowship

camaraderie

company

comradeship

conviviality

esprit de corps

friendship

rapport

togetherness

companionway

n.

升降扶梯

companionway

companionway companionways
A companionway is a staircase or ladder that leads from one deck to another on a ship.
N-COUNT

company

[D.J.:ˈkʌmpəni]

[K.K.:ˈkʌmpəni]

n.

伴随, 陪伴

客人, 朋友

一群人

公司

company *****

1. company companies
A company is a business organization that makes money by selling goods or services.

- Sheila found some work as a secretary in an insurance company.

- ...the Ford Motor Company.

N-COUNT-COLL: oft in names after n
= business

2. company companies
A company is a group of opera singers, dancers, or actors who work together.

- ...the Phoenix Dance Company.

N-COUNT-COLL: oft in names after n

3. company companies
A company is a group of soldiers that is usually part of a battalion or regiment, and that is divided into two or more platoons.

- The division will consist of two tank companies and one infantry company.

- C Company's sentries were just ahead.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

4. company
Company is having another person or other people with you, usually when this is pleasant or stops you feeling lonely.

- `I won't stay long.' --- `No, please. I need the company'.

- Ross had always enjoyed the company of women.

- She would be grateful for their company on the drive back.

- I'm not in the mood for company.

N-UNCOUNT

5. company
You can say and company after mentioning a person's name, to refer also to the people who are associated with that person. (INFORMAL)

- Keegan and company approached the game with understandable caution.

PHR: n-proper PHR

6. company
If you say that someone is in good company , you mean that they should not be ashamed of a mistake or opinion, because some important or respected people have made the same mistake or have the same opinion.

- Mr Koo is in good company. The prime minister made a similar slip a couple of years back.

PHR: V inflects

7. company
If you have company , you have a visitor or friend with you.

- He didn't say he had had company.

PHR: V inflects

8. company
When you are in company , you are with a person or group of people.

- When they were in company she always seemed to dominate the conversation.

- I feel awkward and shy in company.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v
≠ alone

9. company
If you feel, believe, or know something in company with someone else, you both feel, believe, or know it. (FORMAL)

- Saudi Arabia, in company with some other Gulf oil states, is concerned to avoid any repetition of the two oil price shocks of the 1970s.

PHR-PREP: PHR n

10. company
If you keep someone company , you spend time with them and stop them feeling lonely or bored.

- Why don't you stay here and keep Emma company?

PHR: V inflects

11. company
If you keep company with a person or with a particular kind of person, you spend a lot of time with them.

- He keeps company with all sorts of lazy characters.

PHR: V inflects

12. company
If two or more people part company , they go in different directions after going in the same direction together. (WRITTEN)

- The three of them parted company at the bus stop.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, pl-n PHR, PHR with n

13. company
If you part company with someone, you end your association with them, often because of a disagreement. (FORMAL)

- Boris Becker has parted company with his Austrian trainer.

- We have agreed to part company after differences of opinion.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, PHR with n, pl-n PHR

14. company
If you part company with someone on a particular subject, you disagree with them on it. (FORMAL)

- Where I part company with him, however, is over the link he forges between science and liberalism.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR with n

15. company
If you are making a general, unfavourable comment about a particular type of person, and you are with people of that type, you can say ` present company excepted ' as a way of making your comment sound more polite. (SPOKEN)
PHR: PHR with cl politeness

company

noun

1.

business

association

concern

corporation

establishment

firm

house

partnership

syndicate

2.

group

assembly

band

collection

community

crowd

gathering

party

set

3.

guests

callers

party

visitors

company car *

company car company cars
A company car is a car which an employer gives to an employee to use as their own, usually as a benefit of having a particular job, or because their job involves a lot of travelling.
N-COUNT

company secretary

company secretary company secretaries
A company secretary is a person whose job within a company is to keep the legal affairs, accounts, and administration in order. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

comparability

[ˌkɔmpərəˈbiliti]

n.

相似性,可比较性

comparable

[D.J.:ˈkɔmpərəbl]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmpərəbəl]

adj.

类似的, 同类的, 相当的

可比较的, 比得上的

comparably

adv.

可比较地,同等地

comparable **

1. comparable
Something that is comparable to something else is roughly similar, for example in amount or importance.

- ...paying the same wages to men and women for work of comparable value...

- Farmers were meant to get an income comparable to that of townspeople.

- The risk it poses is comparable with smoking just one cigarette every year.

ADJ: oft ADJ to/with n
= equal

2. comparably

- ...to assess a number of comparably qualified students.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

3. comparability

- The rises are the result of a comparability study.

N-UNCOUNT

4. comparable
If two or more things are comparable , they are of the same kind or are in the same situation, and so they can reasonably be compared.

- In other comparable countries real wages increased much more rapidly.

- By contrast, the comparable figure for the Netherlands is 16 per cent.

- Published rates are not always directly comparable.

ADJ
= equivalent

5. comparability

- The result is a lack of comparability between the accounts of similar companies.

N-UNCOUNT

comparable

adjective

1.

on a par

a match for

as good as

commensurate

equal

equivalent

in a class with

proportionate

tantamount

2.

similar

akin

alike

analogous

cognate

corresponding

cut from the same cloth

of a piece

related

comparative

[D.J.:kəmˈpærətiv]

[K.K.:kəmˈpærətɪv]

adj.

比较的, 相比的

相比之下的, 相比而言的, 相对的

comparatively

[D.J.:kəmˈpærətɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:kəmˈpærətɪvlɪ]

adv.

对比地；相对地

比较地;有点,稍微

comparative **

1. comparative
You use comparative to show that you are judging something against a previous or different situation. For example, comparative calm is a situation which is calmer than before or calmer than the situation in other places.

- ...those who manage to reach the comparative safety of Fendel...

- The task was accomplished with comparative ease.

ADJ: ADJ n
= relative

2. comparatively

- ...a comparatively small nation.

- ...children who find it comparatively easy to make and keep friends.

ADV: ADV adj/adv

3. comparative
A comparative study is a study that involves the comparison of two or more things of the same kind.

- ...a comparative study of the dietary practices of people from various regions of India.

- ...a professor of English and comparative literature.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. comparative
In grammar, the comparative form of an adjective or adverb shows that something has more of a quality than something else has. For example, `bigger' is the comparative form of `big', and `more quickly' is the comparative form of `quickly'. Compare superlative .
ADJ: ADJ n

5. comparative comparatives
Also a noun.

- The comparative of `pretty' is `prettier'.

N-COUNT: oft the N

comparative

adjective

relative

by comparison

qualified

compare

[D.J.:kəmˈpɛə]

[K.K.:kəmˈpɛr]

vt. & vi.

比较, 对照

n.

相比

compared

[D.J.:kəmˈp eəd]

[K.K.:kəmˈp ɛrd]

adj.

比较的;对照的

comparing

比较

compare ***

1. compare compares comparing compared
When you compare things, you consider them and discover the differences or similarities between them.

- Compare the two illustrations in Fig 60.

- Was it fair to compare independent schools with state schools?.

- Note how smooth the skin of the upper arm is, then compare it to the skin on the elbow.

VB
to compare notes : see note .

2. compare compares comparing compared
If you compare one person or thing to another, you say that they are like the other person or thing.

- Some commentators compared his work to that of James Joyce.

- I can only compare the experience to falling in love.

VB
= liken

3. compare compares comparing compared
If one thing compares favourably with another, it is better than the other thing. If it compares unfavourably, it is worse than the other thing.

- Our road safety record compares favourably with that of other European countries.

- How do the two techniques compare in terms of application?

V-RECIP

4. compare compares comparing compared
If you say that something does not compare with something else, you mean that it is much worse.

- The flowers here do not compare with those at home.

- The more recent conifer plantations cannot yet compare with the old woodlands.

VB: usu with neg

5. compare
If you describe something as beyond compare , you mean that it is extremely good or extremely great. (LITERARY)

- She was a storyteller beyond compare.

- ...riches beyond compare.

PHR: n/adj PHR, v-link PHR emphasis

compared ****

1. compared
If you say, for example, that one thing is large or small compared with another or compared to another, you mean that it is larger or smaller than the other thing.

- The room was light and lofty compared with our Tudor ones.

- Columbia was a young city compared to venerable Charleston.

PHR-PREP

2. compared
You talk about one situation or thing compared with another or compared to another when contrasting the two situations or things.

- Women are smoking two extra cigarettes a week, compared with four years ago.

- In 1800 Ireland's population was nine million, compared to Britain's 16 million.

PHR-PREP

compare

verb

1.

weigh

balance

contrast

juxtapose

set against

usually with with 2.

be on a par with

approach

bear comparison

be in the same class as

be the equal of

compete with

equal

hold a candle to

match

compare to

3.

liken to

correlate to

equate to

identify with

mention in the same breath as

parallel

resemble

comparison

[D.J.:kəmˈpærisən]

[K.K.:kəmˈpærɪsən]

n.

比较, 对照

经比较得出的结论

类似, 相似

comparison ***

1. comparison comparisons
When you make a comparison , you consider two or more things and discover the differences between them.

- ...a comparison of the British and German economies...

- Its recommendations are based on detailed comparisons between the public and private sectors.

- There are no previous statistics for comparison.

N-VAR: oft N of/between pl-n

2. comparison comparisons
When you make a comparison , you say that one thing is like another in some way.

- It is demonstrably an unfair comparison.

- He finds the comparison of insect wings with a sailing boat useful up to a point.

- The comparison of her life to a sea voyage simplifies her experience.

N-COUNT

3. comparison
If you say, for example, that something is large or small in comparison with, in comparison to, or by comparison with something else, you mean that it is larger or smaller than the other thing.

- Is the human heart weak in comparison with the other organs?.

- The amount of carbon dioxide released by human activities such as burning coal and oil is small in comparison.

- Those places are modern by comparison with Tresillian.

PHR: oft PHR with/to n
= compared with

4. comparison
If you say there is no comparison between one thing and another, you mean that you think the first thing is much better than the second, or very different from it.

- There is no comparison between the knowledge and skill of such a player and the ordinary casual participant.

PHR: oft PHR between pl-n emphasis

5. comparison
If someone or something stands or bears comparison with another person or thing , they are as good, or almost as good. (FORMAL)

- ...the only post-war French intellectual who stands comparison with De Tocqueville.

PHR

comparison

noun

1.

contrast

distinction

juxtaposition

2.

similarity

analogy

comparability

correlation

likeness

resemblance

compartment

[D.J.:kəmˈpɑ:tmənt]

[K.K.:kəmˈpɑrtmənt]

n.

间隔, (列车车厢的)隔间

compartment *

1. compartment compartments
A compartment is one of the separate spaces into which a railway carriage is divided.

- On the way home we shared our first class compartment with a group of businessmen.

N-COUNT

2. compartment compartments
A compartment is one of the separate parts of an object that is used for keeping things in.

- I put a bottle of Sainsbury's champagne in the freezer compartment.

- ...the secret compartment of my jewel box.

N-COUNT
See also glove compartment .

compartment

noun

section

alcove

bay

berth

booth

carriage

cubbyhole

cubicle

locker

niche

pigeonhole

compartmentalize

[D.J.:kəmˌpɑ:tˈmentəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmpɑrtˈmɛntlˌaɪz, kəmˌpɑrt-]

vt.

划分

compartmentalize

1. compartmentalize compartmentalizes compartmentalizing compartmentalized
To compartmentalize something means to divide it into separate sections.

- Traditionally men have compartmentalized their lives, never letting their personal lives encroach upon their professional lives.

VB (BRIT) also compartmentalise

2. compartmentalized

- ...the compartmentalised world of Japanese finance.

ADJ-GRADED

compass

[D.J.:ˈkʌmpəs]

[K.K.:ˈkʌmpəs, ˈkɑm-]

n.

罗盘, 指南针

圆规

界限

compasses

[ˈkʌmpəsis]

n.

圆规

compass *

1. compass compasses
A compass is an instrument that you use for finding directions. It has a dial and a magnetic needle that always points to the north.

- We had to rely on a compass and a lot of luck to get here.

N-COUNT

2. compass compasses
Compasses are a hinged V-shaped instrument that you use for drawing circles.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

3. compass compasses
If something is within the compass of something or someone, it is within their limits or abilities. (FORMAL)

- Within the compass of a normal sized book such a comprehensive survey was not practicable.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

compass

noun

range

area

boundary

circumference

extent

field

limit

reach

realm

scope

compassion

[D.J.:kəmˈpæʃən]

[K.K.:kəmˈpæʃən]

n.

怜悯, 同情

compassion **

compassion
Compassion is a feeling of pity, sympathy, and understanding for someone who is suffering.

- Elderly people need time and compassion from their physicians.

N-UNCOUNT

compassion

noun

sympathy

condolence

fellow feeling

humanity

kindness

mercy

pity

sorrow

tender-heartedness

tenderness

understanding

compassionate

[D.J.:kəmˈpæʃənɪt]

[K.K.:kəmˈpæʃənɪt]

adj.

表示怜悯的,有同情心的

compassionately

adv.

表示怜悯地,有同情心地

compassionateness

n.

同情,怜悯

compassionate *

1. compassionate
If you describe someone or something as compassionate , you mean that they feel or show pity, sympathy, and understanding for people who are suffering.

- My father was a deeply compassionate man.

- She has a wise, compassionate face.

- Robert Tanitch describes the film as `deeply compassionate'.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

2. compassionately

- He smiled compassionately at her.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

compassionate

adjective

sympathetic

benevolent

charitable

humane

humanitarian

kind-hearted

merciful

pitying

tender-hearted

understanding

compassionate leave

compassionate leave
Compassionate leave is time away from your work that your employer allows you for personal reasons, especially when a member of your family dies or is seriously ill.
N-UNCOUNT

compass point

compass point compass points
A compass point is one of the 32 marks on the dial of a compass that show direction, for example north, south, east, and west.
N-COUNT

compatibility

[D.J.:kəmˌpætəˈbɪlətɪ]

[K.K.:kəmˌpætəˈbɪlətɪ]

n.

适合，一致;互换性； 通用性， 兼容性

compatible

[D.J.:kəmˈpætəbl]

[K.K.:kəmˈpætəbəl]

adj.

可以并存的, 相容的, 协调的

compatible **

1. compatible
If things, for example systems, ideas, and beliefs, are compatible , they work well together or can exist together successfully.

- Free enterprise, he argued, was compatible with Russian values and traditions.

- Marriage and the life I live just don't seem compatible.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n
≠ incompatible

2. compatibility

- National courts can freeze any law while its compatibility with European Community legislation is being tested.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N with/of/between n
≠ incompatibility

3. compatible
If you say that you are compatible with someone, you mean that you have a good relationship with them because you have similar opinions and interests.

- Mildred and I are very compatible. She's interested in the things that interest me.

- In a large city you're almost certain to find a physician with whom you are compatible and feel comfortable.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n
≠ incompatible

4. compatibility

- As a result of their compatibility, Haig and Fraser were able to bring about wide-ranging reforms.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ incompatibility

5. compatible
If one make of computer or computer equipment is compatible with another make, especially IBM, they can be used together and can use the same software.
ADJ: oft ADJ with n

compatibility

noun

harmony

affinity

agreement

concord

empathy

like-mindedness

rapport

sympathy

compatible

adjective

harmonious

adaptable

congruous

consistent

in harmony

in keeping

suitable

compatriot

[D.J.:kəmˈpeɪtri:ət, -ˌɔt]

[K.K.:kəmˈpetriət, -ˌɑt]

n.

同胞,同国人

compatriotic

adj.

同国人的,同胞的

compatriot *

compatriot compatriots
Your compatriots are people from your own country.

- Chris Robertson of Australia beat his compatriot Chris Dittmar in the final.

N-COUNT: usu poss N
= countryman

compel

[D.J.:kəmˈpel]

[K.K.:kəmˈpɛl]

vt.

强迫, 使不得不

compelled

v.

强迫,迫使,强要

compelling

[D.J.:kəmˈpelɪŋ]

[K.K.:kəmˈpɛlɪŋ]

adj.

引人入胜的;扣人心弦的

非常强烈的;不可抗拒的

令人信服的，有说服力的

compel **

1. compel compels compelling compelled
If a situation, a rule, or a person compels you to do something, they force you to do it.

- ...the introduction of legislation to compel cyclists to wear a helmet...

- Leonie's mother was compelled to take in washing to help support her family.

- Local housing authorities have been compelled by the housing crisis to make offers of sub-standard accommodation.

VB

2. compel
If you feel compelled to do something, you feel that you must do it, because it is the right thing to do.

- Dickens felt compelled to return to the stage for a final good-bye.

- I felt morally compelled to help.

PHR: V inflects, PHR to-inf

compelling **

1. compelling
A compelling argument or reason is one that convinces you that something is true or that something should be done.

- Factual and forensic evidence makes a suicide verdict the most compelling answer to the mystery of his death.

- My second and more compelling reason for going to Dearborn was to see the Henry Ford Museum.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. compelling
If you describe something such as a film or book, or someone's appearance, as compelling , you mean you want to keep looking at it or reading it because you find it so interesting.

- ...a frighteningly violent yet compelling film...

- Her eyes were her best feature, wide-set and compelling.

ADJ-GRADED

3. compellingly

- She wrote compellingly, with great zest.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

compel

verb

force

coerce

constrain

dragoon

impel

make

oblige

railroad informal

compelling

adjective

1.

fascinating

enchanting

enthralling

gripping

hypnotic

irresistible

mesmeric

spellbinding

2.

pressing

binding

coercive

imperative

overriding

peremptory

unavoidable

urgent

3.

convincing

cogent

conclusive

forceful

irrefutable

powerful

telling

weighty

compendium

[D.J.:kəmˈpendi:əm]

[K.K.:kəmˈpɛndiəm]

n.

摘要,纲要

compendium

compendium compendiums
A compendium is a short but detailed collection of information, usually in a book.

- The Roman Catholic Church has issued a compendium of its teachings.

N-COUNT

compensate

[D.J.:ˈkɔmpenseit]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmpənˌset]

vt. & vi.

补偿, 报酬

compensating

[ˈkɔmpenseitiŋ]

n.

补偿,补助;修正

compensate **

1. compensate compensates compensating compensated
To compensate someone for money or things that they have lost means to pay them money or give them something to replace that money or those things.

- The official promise to compensate people for the price rise clearly hadn't been worked out properly.

- To ease financial difficulties, farmers could be compensated for their loss of subsidies.

VB

2. compensate compensates compensating compensated
If you compensate for a lack of something or for something you have done wrong, you do something to make the situation better.

- The company agreed to keep up high levels of output in order to compensate for supplies lost.

- She would then feel guilt for her anger and compensate by doing even more for the children.

VB
= make up

3. compensate compensates compensating compensated
Something that compensates for something else balances it or reduces its effects.

- MPs say it is crucial that a mechanism is found to compensate for inflation.

- The pluses more than compensated for the inconveniences involved in making the trip.

VB

4. compensate compensates compensating compensated
If you try to compensate for something that is wrong or missing in your life, you try to do something that removes or reduces the harmful effects.

- People who sense that they are inferior have to compensate, and often over-compensate by way of outward achievement.

VB

compensate

verb

1.

recompense

atone

make amends

make good

refund

reimburse

remunerate

repay

2.

cancel (out)

balance

counteract

counterbalance

make up for

offset

redress

compensation

[D.J.:ˌkɔmpenˈseiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmpənˈseʃən]

n.

补偿[赔偿]物, 补偿[赔偿]金

compensation ***

1. compensation
Compensation is money that someone who has experienced loss or suffering claims from the person or organization responsible, or from the state.

- He received one year's salary as compensation for loss of office.

- There should be compensation for British farmers hit by the slump in demand.

- The Court ordered Dr Williams to pay £300 compensation and £100 costs after admitting assault.

N-UNCOUNT
= damages

2. compensation compensations
If something is some compensation for something bad that has happened, it makes you feel better.

- Helen gained some compensation for her earlier defeat by winning the final open class.

- Despite a reduction in earnings there are compensations in moving to the north-east where the quality of life is excellent.

- The toy glider she left him as a Christmas present was no compensation for her absence.

N-VAR: oft N for n/-ing

compensation

noun

recompense

amends

atonement

damages

reimbursement

remuneration

reparation

restitution

satisfaction

compensatory

[kəmˈpensətəri]

adj.

补偿性的

compensatory

1. compensatory
Compensatory payments involve money paid as compensation. (FORMAL)

- The jury awarded $11.2 million in compensatory damages.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. compensatory
Compensatory measures are designed to help people who have special problems or disabilities. (FORMAL)

- Money should be spent on compensatory programmes for deprived pre-school and infant-school children.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

compere

[D.J.:ˈkɔmˌpeə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmˌpɛr]

n.

<法>(表演会)节目主持人， 报幕员

compere

1. compere comperes
A compere is the person who introduces the people taking part in a radio or television show or a live show. (BRIT; in AM use emcee )
N-COUNT
= host

2. compere comperes compering compered
The person who comperes a show introduces the people who take part in it. (BRIT; in AM use emcee )

- Sarita Sagharwal from TV Asia compered the programme.

- They wanted Ben Elton to compere.

VB
= host

compete

[D.J.:kəmˈpi:t]

[K.K.:kəmˈpit]

vi.

竞赛; 竞争

比得上, 媲美

compete ***

1. compete competes competing competed
When one firm or country competes with another, it tries to get people to buy its own goods in preference to those of the other firm or country. You can also say that two firms or countries compete .

- The banks have long competed with American Express's charge cards and various store cards.

- The stores will inevitably end up competing with each other in their push for increased market shares.

- Banks and building societies are competing fiercely for business.

- The American economy, and its ability to compete abroad, was slowing down according to the report.

V-RECIP

2. compete competes competing competed
If you compete with someone for something, you try to get it for yourself and stop the other person getting it. You can also say that two people compete for something.

- Kangaroos compete with sheep and cattle for sparse supplies of food and water.

- Schools should not compete with each other or attempt to poach pupils.

- More than 2300 candidates from 93 political parties are competing for 486 seats.

V-RECIP

3. compete competes competing competed
If you compete in a contest or a game, you take part in it.

- He will be competing in the London-Calais-London race.

- Dubbed foreign language films will not be allowed to compete for best film.

- It is essential for all players who wish to compete that they earn computer ranking points.

VB

competing **

competing
Competing ideas, requirements, or interests cannot all be right or satisfied at the same time.

- They talked about the competing theories of the origin of life.

- ...the competing interests of beach development and sea turtle protection.

- ...the competing demands of work and family.

ADJ: ADJ n
= conflicting

See also compete .

compete

verb

contend

be in the running

challenge

contest

fight

strive

struggle

vie

competence

[D.J.:ˈkɔmpitəns]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmpɪtəns]

n.

能力, 技能

(法院的)权限, 管辖权

competence *

competence
Competence is the ability to do something well or effectively.

- His competence as an economist had been reinforced by his successful fight against inflation.

- We've always regarded him as a man of integrity and high professional competence.

N-UNCOUNT

competence

noun

ability

capability

capacity

expertise

fitness

proficiency

skill

suitability

competency

[D.J.:ˈkɔmpit(ə)nsi]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmpɪtənse]

n.

资格,能力,作证能力

competency

competency
Competency means the same as competence .

- ...managerial competency.

N-UNCOUNT

competent

[D.J.:ˈkɔmpitənt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmpɪtənt]

adj.

有能力的, 能胜任的

competently

adv.

胜任地,适合地

competent **

1. competent
Someone who is competent is efficient and effective.

- He was a loyal, distinguished and very competent civil servant.

- ...a competent performance.

ADJ-GRADED

2. competently

- The government performed competently in the face of multiple challenges.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. competent
If you are competent to do something, you have the skills, abilities, or experience necessary to do it well.

- Most adults do not feel competent to deal with a medical emergency involving a child.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf
= able

competent

adjective

able

adequate

capable

fit

proficient

qualified

suitable

competition

[D.J.:ˌkɔmpiˈtiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmpɪˈtɪʃən]

n.

比赛

竞争

competition ****

1. competition
Competition is a situation in which two or more people or groups are trying to get something which not everyone can have.

- There's been some fierce competition for the title.

- It was in these studios that young painters found the support and stimulating competition of peers.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft adj N, N prep

2. competition
The competition is the person or people you are competing with.

- I have to change my approach, the competition is too good now.

N-SING: usu the N

3. competition
Competition is an activity involving two or more firms, in which each firm tries to get people to buy its own goods in preference to the other firms' goods.

- The deal would have reduced competition in the commuter-aircraft market.

- The farmers have been seeking higher prices as better protection from foreign competition.

- Clothing stores also face heavy competition from factory outlets.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft adj N, N prep

4. competition
The competition is the goods that a rival organization is selling.

- The American aerospace industry has been challenged by some stiff competition.

N-UNCOUNT

5. competition competitions
A competition is an event in which many people take part in order to find out who is best at a particular activity.

- ...a surfing competition...

- The council has organised a series of events and competitions for school children in the area.

- He will be banned from international competition for four years.

N-VAR

competition

noun

1.

rivalry

opposition

strife

struggle

2.

contest

championship

event

head-to-head

puzzle

quiz

tournament

3.

opposition

challengers

field

rivals

competitive

[D.J.:kəmˈpetitiv]

[K.K.:kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv]

adj.

竞争的, 比赛的

(指人)好竞争的, 求胜心切的

(价格等)有竞争力的

competitive ***

1. competitive
Competitive is used to describe situations or activities in which people or firms compete with each other.

- Only by keeping down costs will America maintain its competitive advantage over other countries.

- Japan is a highly competitive market system.

- Universities are very competitive for the best students.

ADJ-GRADED

2. competitively

- He's now back up on the slopes again, skiing competitively in events for the disabled.

ADV: ADV after v

3. competitive
A competitive person is eager to be more successful than other people.

- He has always been ambitious and fiercely competitive.

- I'm a very competitive person and I was determined not be beaten.

ADJ-GRADED
= ambitious

4. competitively

- They worked hard together, competitively and under pressure.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
= ambitiously

5. competitiveness

- I can't stand the pace, I suppose, and the competitiveness, and the unfriendliness.

N-UNCOUNT
= ambition

6. competitive
Goods or services that are at a competitive price or rate are likely to be bought, because they are less expensive than other goods of the same kind.

- Only those homes offered for sale at competitive prices will secure interest from serious purchasers.

- ...a travel company specialising in amazingly competitive rates for flights.

ADJ-GRADED

7. competitively

- ...a number of early Martin and Gibson guitars, which were competitively priced.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed, ADV after v

8. competitiveness

- It is only on the world market that we can prove the competitiveness and quality of our goods.

N-UNCOUNT

competitive

adjective

1.

cut-throat

aggressive

antagonistic

at odds

dog-eat-dog

opposing

rival

2.

ambitious

combative

competitor

[D.J.:kəmˈpetɪtə]

[K.K.:kəmˈpɛtɪtɚ]

n.

竞争者,对手,敌手

competitor ***

1. competitor competitors
A company's competitors are companies who are trying to sell similar goods or services to the same people.

- The bank isn't performing as well as some of its competitors.

N-COUNT: oft poss N
= rival

2. competitor competitors
A competitor is a person who takes part in a competition or contest.

- Herbert Blocker of Germany, one of the oldest competitors, won the individual silver medal.

N-COUNT

competitor

noun

contestant

adversary

antagonist

challenger

opponent

rival

compilation

[D.J.:ˌkɔmpəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmpəˈleʃən]

n.

编辑,编写

编辑物

compile

[D.J.:kəmˈpail]

[K.K.:kəmˈpaɪl]

vt.

收集; 编辑, 编制

compiling

编排;编译

compilation *

compilation compilations
A compilation is a book, record, or programme that contains many different items that have been gathered together, usually ones which have already appeared in other places.

- His latest album release is a compilation of his jazz works over the past decade.

N-COUNT
= collection

See also compile .

compile **

1. compile compiles compiling compiled
When you compile something such as a report, book, or programme, you produce it by collecting and putting together many pieces of information.

- Councils were required to compile a register of all adults living in their areas.

- The book took 10 years to compile.

- A report compiled by the Fed's Philadelphia branch described the economy as weak.

VB

2. compilation

- There have been enormous advances in the compilation of data on suspected terrorists.

N-UNCOUNT

compilation

noun

collection

accumulation

anthology

assemblage

assortment

treasury

compile

verb

put together

accumulate

amass

collect

cull

garner

gather

marshal

organize

compiler

[D.J.:kəmˈpailə]

[K.K.:kəmˈpaɪlɚ]

n.

汇编者; 编辑者, 编纂者

(电脑的)编译程序

compiler

1. compiler compilers
A compiler is someone who compiles books, reports, or lists of information.

- ...the compilers of dictionaries and grammars.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. compiler compilers
A compiler is a computer program which converts language that people can use into a code that the computer can understand. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

complacency

[D.J.:kəmˈpleɪsənsi:]

[K.K.:kəmˈplesənsi]

n.

自满;自得;自鸣得意

complacency *

complacency
Complacency is being complacent about a situation.

- ...a worrying level of complacency about the risks of infection from AIDS...

- She warned that there was no room for complacency on inflation.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

complacency

noun

self-satisfaction

contentment

satisfaction

smugness

complacent

[D.J.:kəmˈpleisnt]

[K.K.:kəmˈplesənt]

adj.

自满的, 自鸣得意的

complacently

[D.J.:kəmˈpleɪsəntlɪ]

[K.K.:kəmˈplesəntlɪ]

adv.

满足地;自满地

complacent *

1. complacent
A complacent person is very pleased with themselves or feels that they do not need to do anything about a situation, even though the situation may be uncertain or dangerous.

- We cannot afford to be complacent about our health.

- ...the Chancellor's complacent attitude towards the far-right's activities.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. complacently

- He sat back, smiling complacently at his own cleverness.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

complacent

adjective

self-satisfied

contented

pleased with oneself

resting on one's laurels

satisfied

serene

smug

unconcerned

complain

[D.J.:kəmˈplein]

[K.K.:kəmˈplen]

vt. & vi.

抱怨, 诉苦; 投诉

complaining

[kəmˈpleiniŋ]

adj.

诉苦的,抱怨的

complain ****

1. complain complains complaining complained
If you complain about a situation, you say that you are not satisfied with it.

- Miners have complained bitterly that the government did not fulfill their promises.

- The American couple complained about the high cost of visiting Europe.

- For my own part, I have nothing to complain of.

- They are liable to face more mistreatment if they complain to the police.

- People should complain when they consider an advert offensive.

- `I do everything you ask of me,' he complained, `but still you act as if you're suffering.'

VB

2. complain complains complaining complained
If you complain of pain or illness, you say that you are feeling pain or feeling ill.

- He complained of a headache.

VB

complain

verb

find fault

bemoan

bewail

carp

deplore

groan

grouse

grumble

lament

moan

whine

whinge informal

complainant

[D.J.:kəmˈpleinənt]

[K.K.:kəmˈplenənt]

n.

发牢骚的人,原告

complainant

complainant complainants
A complainant is a person who starts a court case in a court of law. (LEGAL)
N-COUNT
≠ respondent

complainer

complainer complainers
A complainer is someone who complains a lot about their problems or about things they do not like.

- He was a terrible complainer and used to make a great deal of his illness.

N-COUNT disapproval
= moaner

complaint

[D.J.:kəmˈpleint]

[K.K.:kəmˈplent]

n.

抱怨, 诉苦

投诉, 控告

疾病

complaint ***

1. complaint complaints
A complaint is a statement in which you express your dissatisfaction with a particular situation.

- There's been a record number of complaints about the standard of service on Britain's railways.

- People have been reluctant to make formal complaints to the police.

- If you feel you have any cause for complaint about the service you should write to the Hospital Administrator.

N-VAR: oft N about n

2. complaint complaints
A complaint is a reason for complaining.

- If you have a complaint about shoes bought from a shop covered by the Footwear Code, there are several ways of putting the matter right.

- I've got no complaints about them.

- My main complaint is that we can't go out on the racecourse anymore.

N-COUNT

3. complaint complaints
You can refer to an illness as a complaint , especially if it is not very serious.

- Eczema is a common skin complaint which often runs in families.

N-COUNT
= ailment

complaint

noun

1.

criticism

charge

grievance

gripe informal

grouse

grumble

lament

moan

protest

2.

illness

affliction

ailment

disease

disorder

malady

sickness

upset

complaisant

[D.J.:kəmˈpleɪsənt, -zənt]

[K.K.:kəmˈplesənt, -zənt]

adj.

<正>恭敬的,恳切的

殷勤的,讨好的

默认的,默许的

complaisant

complaisant
If you are complaisant , you are willing to accept what other people are doing without complaining. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...his pretty and complaisant wife.

ADJ-GRADED

complement

[D.J.:ˈkɔmplimənt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmpləmənt]

n.

补充, 互为补充的东西

需要的或允许的数额

补足语

vt.

补足, 补充

complemented

adj.

有补助物的,有余格的

complementing

求反

complement **

1. complement complements complementing complemented
If one thing complements another, it goes well with the other thing and makes its good qualities more noticeable.

- Nutmeg, parsley and cider all complement the flavour of these beans well.

VB
= set off

2. complement complements complementing complemented
If people or things complement each other, they are different or do something different, which makes them a good combination.

- There will be a written examination to complement the practical test.

- We complement one another perfectly.

VB

3. complement complements
Something that is a complement to something else complements it.

- The green wallpaper is the perfect complement to the old pine of the dresser.

- Political knowledge is a necessary complement to science in approaching solutions to these problems.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N to n

4. complement complements
The complement of things or people that something has is the number of things or people that it normally has, which enable it to function properly. (FORMAL)

- Each ship had a complement of around a dozen officers and 250 men.

- Not one house on the Close still had its full complement of windows.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

5. complement complements
In grammar, the complement of a link verb is an adjective group or noun group which comes after the verb and describes or identifies the subject. For example, in the sentence `They felt very tired', `very tired' is the complement. In `They were students', `students' is the complement.
N-COUNT

complement

noun

1.

completion

companion

consummation

counterpart

finishing touch

rounding-off

supplement

2.

total

aggregate

capacity

entirety

quota

totality

wholeness

verb

3.

complete

cap informal

crown

round off

set off

complementarity

[D.J.:ˌkɔmplimenˈtæriti]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmpləmɛnˈtærɪti]

n.

补充,补足

complementary

[D.J.:ˌkɔmpləˈmentəri:, -tri:]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmpləˈmɛntəri, -tri]

adj.

互补的

complementary *

1. complementary
Complementary things are different from each other but make a good combination. (FORMAL)

- To improve the quality of life through work, two complementary strategies are necessary.

- Many plain tiles and complementary borders are also available.

- He has done experiments complementary to those of Eigen.

ADJ: usu ADJ n, also v-link ADJ to n

2. complementarity

- ...the complementarity between public and private authorities.

N-UNCOUNT

3. complementary
Complementary medicine refers to ways of treating patients which are different from the ones used by most Western doctors, for example acupuncture and homoeopathy.

- ...combining orthodox treatment with a wide range of complementary therapies.

ADJ: ADJ n
= alternative ≠ orthodox conventional

complementary

adjective

completing

companion

corresponding

interdependent

interrelating

matched

reciprocal

complementation

[ˌkɔmplimenˈteiʃən]

n.

互补,补数法,取余运算

complementation

complementation
In linguistics, a complementation pattern of a verb, noun, or adjective is the patterns that typically follow it. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

complete

[D.J.:kəmˈpli:t]

[K.K.:kəmˈplit]

adj.

完整的, 完全的

完成的, 结束的

完满的, 圆满的

彻底的, 完完全全的

vt.

完成, 结束

使完善

completed

通路

completely

[D.J.:kəmˈpli:tli]

adv.

完整地, 完全地

completeness

[kəmˈpli:tnis]

n.

完全

completion

[D.J.:kəmˈpli:ʃən]

[K.K.:kəmˈpliʃən]

n.

完成, 结束

complete *****

1. complete
You use complete to emphasize that something is as great in extent, degree, or amount as it possibly can be.

- The rebels had taken complete control.

- It shows a complete lack of understanding by management.

- The resignation came as a complete surprise.

- He was the complete opposite of Raymond.

ADJ: usu ADJ n emphasis
= total absolute ≠ partial

2. completely

- Dozens of flats had been completely destroyed.

- Make sure that you defrost it completely.

- ...something completely different.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj/adv
= totally

3. complete
You can use complete to emphasize that you are referring to the whole of something and not just part of it.

- A complete tenement block was burnt to the ground.

- The job sheets eventually filled a complete book.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= entire whole

4. complete
If something is complete , it contains all the parts that it should contain.

- The list may not be complete.

- ...a complete dinner service...

- No garden is complete without a bed of rose bushes.

ADJ

5. completeness

- ...the accuracy and completeness of the information obtained.

N-UNCOUNT

6. complete completes completed
To complete a set or group means to provide the last item that is needed to make it a full set or group.

- Children don't complete their set of 20 baby teeth until they are two to three years old.

- ...the stickers needed to complete the collection.

VB: no cont

7. complete
The complete works of a writer are all their books or poems published together in one book or as a set of books.

- ...the Complete Works of William Shakespeare.

ADJ: ADJ n
= collected

8. complete
If one thing comes complete with another, it has that thing as an extra or additional part.

- The diary comes complete with a gold-coloured ballpoint pen.

PHR-PREP: PREP n

9. complete
If something is complete , it has been finished.

- The work of restoring the farmhouse is complete.

- It'll be two years before the process is complete.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
≠ incomplete

10. complete completes completing completed
If you complete something, you finish doing, making, or producing it.

- Peter Mayle has just completed his first novel.

- ...the rush to get the stadiums completed on time.

VB

11. completion completions

- The project is nearing completion.

- House completions for the year should be up from 1,841 to 2,200.

N-VAR

12. complete completes completed
If you complete something, you do all of it.

- She completed her degree in two years.

- This book took years to complete.

VB: no cont
= finish

13. complete completes completing completed
If you complete a form or questionnaire, you write the answers or information asked for in it.

- Simply complete the coupon below.

- We ask candidates to complete a psychometric questionnaire.

- Use the enclosed envelope to return your completed survey.

VB
= fill in

14. complete
You can use complete to emphasize that someone is skilled at all aspects of a particular activity and is therefore the best example of that kind of person.

- He was the complete all-round journalist.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

complete

adjective

1.

total

absolute

consummate

outright

perfect

thorough

thoroughgoing

utter

2.

finished

accomplished

achieved

concluded

ended

3.

entire

all

faultless

full

intact

plenary

unbroken

whole

verb

4.

finish

close

conclude

crown

end

finalize

round off

settle

wrap up informal

completely

adverb

totally

absolutely

altogether

entirely

every inch

fully

hook

line and sinker

in full

lock

stock and barrel

one hundred per cent

perfectly

thoroughly

utterly

wholly

completion

noun

finishing

bitter end

close

conclusion

culmination

end

fruition

fulfilment

complex

[D.J.:ˈkɔmpleks]

[K.K.:kəmˈplɛks, ˈkɑmˌplɛks]

adj.

由许多部分组成的, 复合的

复杂的, 难懂的

n.

综合体, 集合体

〈心〉情结, 夸大的情绪反应

complexes

复合物

complex ****

1. complex
Something that is complex has many different parts, and is therefore often difficult to understand.

- ...in-depth coverage of today's complex issues.

- ...a complex system of voting.

- ...her complex personality.

- ...complex machines.

ADJ-GRADED
= complicated ≠ simple

2. complex
In grammar, a complex sentence contains one or more subordinate clauses as well as a main clause. Compare compound .
ADJ: ADJ n

3. complex complexes
A complex is a group of buildings designed for a particular purpose, or one large building divided into several smaller areas.

- ...plans for constructing a new stadium and leisure complex.

- ...a complex of offices and flats.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. complex complexes
A complex of things is a group or system of things that are connected with each other in a complicated way.

- ...the complex of clans which occupied the land.

- ...the military-industrial complex.

N-COUNT: with supp
= network

5. complex complexes
If someone has a complex about something, they have a mental or emotional problem relating to it, often because of an unpleasant experience in the past.

- I have never had a complex about my height.

- ...a deranged attacker, driven by a persecution complex.

N-COUNT
See also guilt complex , inferiority complex .

complex

adjective

1.

compound

composite

heterogeneous

manifold

multifarious

multiple

2.

complicated

convoluted

elaborate

intricate

involved

labyrinthine

tangled

tortuous

noun

3.

structure

aggregate

composite

network

organization

scheme

system

4.

obsession

fixation

fixed idea

id´ee fixe

phobia

preoccupation

complexion

[D.J.:kəmˈplekʃən]

[K.K.:kəmˈplɛkʃən]

n.

肤色, 面色

局面, 性质

complexion *

1. complexion complexions
When you refer to someone's complexion , you are referring to the natural colour or condition of the skin on their face.

- She had short brown hair and a pale complexion.

- ...those with acne or oily complexions.

- ...her flawless complexion.

N-COUNT: oft adj N

2. complexion complexions
The complexion of something is its general nature or character. (FORMAL)

- Every time the political complexion of the government changed, so did the defence policy.

- But surely this puts a different complexion on things.

N-COUNT: with supp

complexion

noun Informal

1.

skin

colour

colouring

hue

pigmentation

skin tone

2.

nature

appearance

aspect

character

guise

light

look

make-up

complexities *

complexities
The complexities of something are the many complicated factors involved in it.

- ...those who find it hardest to cope with the complexities of modern life...

- The issue is surrounded by legal complexities.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp

complexity

[D.J.:kəmˈpleksɪti:]

[K.K.:kəmˈplɛksɪti]

n.

复杂性,错综复杂的状态

复杂的事物

complexity **

complexity
Complexity is the state of having many different parts connected or related to each other in a complicated way.

- ...a diplomatic tangle of great complexity.

- ...the increasing complexity of modern weapon systems.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
≠ simplicity

complexity

noun

complication

elaboration

entanglement

intricacy

involvement

ramification

compliance

[D.J.:kəmˈplaɪəns]

[K.K.:kəmˈplaɪəns]

n.

服从,听从,顺从

compliance *

compliance
Compliance with something, for example a law, treaty, or agreement means doing what you are required or expected to do. (FORMAL)

- Inspectors were sent to visit nuclear sites and verify compliance with the treaty.

- The company says it is in full compliance with US labor laws.

- The Security Council aim to ensure compliance by all sides, once an agreement is signed.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N with n

compliant

[D.J.:kəmˈplaɪənt]

[K.K.:kəmˈplaɪənt]

adj.

遵从的,依从的,顺从的,屈从的

compliant

compliant
If you say that someone is compliant , you mean they willingly do what they are asked to do. (FORMAL)

- She was much naughtier than her compliant brother.

- ...a docile and compliant workforce.

ADJ-GRADED
= pliant pliable

complicate

[D.J.:ˈkɔmplɪˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmplɪˌket]

vt.

使复杂化

complicated

[D.J.:ˈkɔmplikeitid]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmplɪˌketɪd]

adj.

结构复杂的

complicate *

complicate complicates complicating complicated
To complicate something means to make it more difficult to understand or deal with.

- What complicates the issue is the burden of history.

- The day's events, he said, would only complicate the task of the peacekeeping forces.

- To complicate matters further, everybody's vitamin requirements vary.

- Bad weather continues to complicate efforts to deal with oil spilling from the tanker.

VB

complicated ***

complicated
If you say that something is complicated , you mean it has so many parts or aspects that it is difficult to understand or deal with.

- The situation in Lebanon is very complicated.

- ...a very complicated voting system.

ADJ-GRADED
= complex ≠ uncomplicated simple

complicate

verb

make difficult

confuse

entangle

involve

muddle

ravel

complicated

adjective

1.

difficult

involved

perplexing

problematic

puzzling

troublesome

2.

involved

complex

convoluted

elaborate

intricate

labyrinthine

complication

[D.J.:ˌkɔmpliˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmplɪˈkeʃən]

n.

(新出现的)困难, 难题

〈医〉并发症

complication **

1. complication complications
A complication is a problem or difficulty that makes a situation harder to deal with.

- The age difference was a complication to the relationship.

- An added complication is the growing concern for the environment.

N-COUNT

2. complication complications
A complication is a medical problem that occurs as a result of another illness or disease.

- Blindness is a common complication of diabetes.

- He died of complications from a heart attack.

N-COUNT

complication

noun

1.

complexity

confusion

entanglement

intricacy

web

2.

problem

difficulty

drawback

embarrassment

obstacle

snag

complicit

[D.J.:kəmˈplisit]

[K.K.:kəmˈplɪsɪt]

adj.

有同谋关系的,串通一气的

complicit

complicit
If someone is complicit in a crime or unfair activity, they are involved in it. (JOURNALISM)

- He did not witness her execution, yet he and the others are complicit in her death.

- A mother who does not report the abuse is said to be complicit.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ in n

complicity

[D.J.:kəmˈplɪsɪti:]

[K.K.:kəmˈplɪsɪti]

n.

合谋, 串通

complicity *

complicity
Complicity is involvement with other people in an illegal activity or plan. (FORMAL)

- Recently a number of policemen were sentenced to death for their complicity in the murder.

- ...evidence of complicity with international terrorists.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N in n
= collusion

compliment

[D.J.:ˈkɔmplimənt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmpləmənt]

n.

赞美(话), 恭维(话)

向…送礼以表示敬意

[ˈkɔmpliment]

vt.

表扬; 恭维

compliment **

1. compliment compliments
A compliment is a polite remark that you say to someone to show that you like their appearance, appreciate their qualities, or approve of what they have done.

- You can do no harm by paying a woman compliments.

- `Well done, Cassandra,' Crook said. She blushed, but accepted the compliment with good grace.

N-COUNT

2. compliment compliments complimenting complimented
If you compliment someone, you pay them a compliment.

- They complimented me on the way I looked each time they saw me.

- Firstly I compliment you on most of your excellent Spring issue of `Triangle'.

VB

3. compliment compliments
If you consider something that a person says or does as a compliment , it convinces you of your own good qualities, or that the person appreciates you.

- We consider it a compliment to be called `conservative'.

- It's obvious he's worried about us and I'm taking it as a compliment.

N-COUNT

4. compliment compliments
You can refer to your compliments when you want to express thanks, good wishes, or respect to someone in a formal way.

- My compliments to the chef.

- Give my compliments to your lovely wife when you write home.

N-PLURAL: usu poss N, oft N to n politeness

5. compliment
If you say that someone returns the compliment , you mean that they do the same thing to someone else as that person has done to them.

- The actors have entertained us so splendidly during this weekend, I think it's time we returned the compliment.

PHR: V inflects

6. compliment
If you say that you are giving someone something with your compliments , you are saying in a polite and fairly formal way that you are giving it to them, especially as a gift or a favour.

- Please give this to your boss with my compliments.

- On my bedside table awaited, with the compliments of the management, an appetizing breakfast.

PHR: PHR after v politeness

compliment

noun

1.

praise

bouquet

commendation

congratulations

eulogy

flattery

honour

tribute

verb

2.

praise

commend

congratulate

extol

flatter

pay tribute to

salute

speak highly of

compliments

plural noun

greetings

good wishes

regards

remembrances

respects

salutation

complimentary

[D.J.:ˌkɔmpləˈmentəri:, -tri:]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmpləˈmɛntəri, -tri]

adj.

表示敬意的，赞美的，恭维的

赠送的

complimentarily

adv.

崇敬地,赞美地,赞许地

complimentary *

1. complimentary
If you are complimentary about something, you express admiration for it.

- The staff have been very complimentary, and so have the customers.

- We often get complimentary remarks regarding the cleanliness of our patio.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= flattering

2. complimentary
A complimentary seat, ticket, or book is given to you free.

- He had complimentary tickets to take his wife to see the movie.

- ...a complimentary copy of Dr Sherwood's recently published book.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

complimentary

adjective

1.

flattering

appreciative

approving

commendatory

congratulatory

laudatory

2.

free

courtesy

donated

gratis

gratuitous

honorary

on the house

comply

[D.J.:kəmˈplai]

[K.K.:kəmˈplaɪ]

vi.

遵从, 依从, 服从

comply **

comply complies complying complied
If someone or something complies with an order or set of rules, they are in accordance with what is required or expected.

- The commander said that the army would comply with the ceasefire.

- Some beaches had failed to comply with European directives on bathing water.

- There are calls for his resignation, but there is no sign yet that he will comply.

VB

comply

verb

obey

abide by

acquiesce

adhere to

conform to

follow

observe

submit

toe the line

component

[D.J.:kəmˈpəunənt]

[K.K.:kəmˈponənt]

n.

成分, 组成部分, 部件, 元件

component ***

1. component components
The components of something are the parts that it is made of.

- Enriched uranium is a key component of a nuclear weapon.

- The management plan has four main components.

- They were automotive component suppliers to motor manufacturers.

N-COUNT

2. component
The component parts of something are the parts that make it up.

- Gorbachev failed to keep the component parts of the Soviet Union together.

- Polish workers will now be making component parts for Boeing 757s.

ADJ: ADJ n

component

noun

1.

part

constituent

element

ingredient

item

piece

unit

adjective

2.

constituent

inherent

intrinsic

comport

[D.J.:kəmˈpɔ:t, -ˈpəʊrt]

[K.K.:kəmˈpɔrt, -ˈport]

vt.

表现

comportment

n.

举动,行为

comportment

[D.J.:kəmˈpɔ:tmənt, -ˈpəʊrt-]

[K.K.:kəmˈpɔrtmənt, -ˈport-]

n.

举动;态度;习惯;风度

comport

comport comports comporting comported
If you comport yourself in a particular way, you behave in that way. (FORMAL)

- He comports himself with modesty.

- They should be able to comport themselves as they want.

VB

compose

[D.J.:kəmˈpəuz]

[K.K.:kəmˈpoz]

vt.

组成, 构成

使安定, 使镇静

vt. & vi.

创作(乐曲、诗歌等); 为…谱曲

composed

[D.J.:kəmˈpəʊzd]

[K.K.:kəmˈpozd]

adj.

镇静的，沉着的

composing

[D.J.:kəmˈpəuziŋ]

[K.K.:kəmˈpozɪŋ]

n.

著作,构成,组成

compose **

1. compose composes composing composed
The things that something is composed of are its parts or members. The separate things that compose something are the parts or members that form it.

- The force would be composed of troops from NATO countries.

- Protein molecules compose all the complex working parts of living cells.

- They agreed to form a council composed of leaders of the rival factions.

VB
= make up

2. compose composes composing composed
When someone composes a piece of music, they write it.

- Vivaldi composed a large number of very fine concertos.

- Cale also uses electronic keyboards to compose.

VB

3. compose composes composing composed
If you compose something such as a letter, poem, or speech, you write it, often using a lot of concentration or skill. (FORMAL)

- He started at once to compose a reply to Anna.

- The document composed in Philadelphia transformed the confederation of sovereign states into a national government.

VB

4. compose composes composing composed
If you compose a picture or image, you arrange it in an attractive and artistic way. (TECHNICAL)

- Anthony dismounted with his camera and walked away from the walls to compose a shot.

- The drawing is beautifully composed.

VB

5. compose composes composing composed
If you compose yourself or if you compose your features, you succeed in becoming calm after you have been angry, excited, or upset.

- She quickly composed herself as the car started off.

- Then he composed his features, took Godwin's hand awkwardly and began to usher him from the office.

VB

composed

composed
If someone is composed , they are calm and able to control their feelings.

- Laura was standing beside him, very calm and composed.

- It wasn't the peaceful, composed experience I had expected.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

compose

verb

1.

put together

build

comprise

constitute

construct

fashion

form

make

make up

2.

create

contrive

devise

invent

produce

write

3.

calm

collect

control

pacify

placate

quiet

soothe

4.

arrange

adjust

composed

adjective

calm

at ease

collected

cool

level-headed

poised

relaxed

sedate

self-possessed

serene

unflappable

composer

[D.J.:kəmˈpəʊzə]

[K.K.:kəmˈpozɚ]

n.

(尤指古典音乐)作曲家

composer **

composer composers
A composer is a person who writes music, especially classical music.
N-COUNT

composite

[D.J.:ˈkɔmpəzit]

[K.K.:kəmˈpɑzɪt]

adj.

混合成的, 综合成的

composite **

1. composite
A composite object or item is made up of several different things, parts, or substances.

- Galton devised a method of creating composite pictures in which the features of different faces were superimposed over one another.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. composite composites
Also a noun.

- Spain is a composite of diverse traditions and people.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

composition

[D.J.:ˌkɔmpəˈziʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən]

n.

创作, 写作, 作曲

作文, 作品

构图; 构成, 成分

混合物, 合成物

composition **

1. composition
When you talk about the composition of something, you are referring to the way in which its various parts are put together and arranged.

- Television has transformed the size and social composition of the audience at great sporting occasions.

- Forests vary greatly in composition from one part of the country to another.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n
= make-up

2. composition compositions
The compositions of a composer, painter, or other artist are the works of art that they have produced.

- Mozart's compositions are undoubtedly amongst the world's greatest.

N-COUNT
= creation

3. composition compositions
A composition is a piece of written work that children write at school.
N-COUNT
= essay

4. composition
Composition is the technique or skill involved in creating a work of art.

- He taught the piano, organ and composition.

- The course is designed to help students with colour and composition.

N-UNCOUNT

5. composition
Composition is the act of composing something such as a piece of music or a poem.

- These plays are arranged in their order of composition.

N-UNCOUNT

composition

noun

1.

creation

compilation

fashioning

formation

formulation

making

production

putting together

2.

design

arrangement

configuration

formation

layout

make-up

organization

structure

3.

essay

exercise

literary work

opus

piece

treatise

work

compositional

compositional
Compositional refers to the way composers and artists use their skills or techniques in their work. (TECHNICAL)

- ...a study of Olivier Messiaen's compositional style.

ADJ: ADJ n

compositor

[D.J.:kəmˈpɔzitə]

[K.K.:kəmˈpɑzɪtɚ]

n.

排字工人,排序

compositor

compositor compositors
A compositor is a person who arranges the text and pictures of a book, magazine, or newspaper before it is printed.
N-COUNT

compost

[D.J.:ˈkɔmpɔst]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmˌpost]

n.

混合肥料,堆肥

composting

[D.J.:ˈkɔmpɔstiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmˌpostɪŋ]

n.

堆制肥料

compost **

1. compost
Compost is a mixture of decayed plants and vegetable waste which is added to the soil to help plants grow.

- ...a small compost heap.

N-UNCOUNT

2. compost composts
Compost is specially treated soil that you buy and use to grow seeds and plants in pots.
N-MASS

3. compost composts composting composted
To compost things such as unwanted bits of plants means to make them into compost.

- Cut down and compost spent cucumbers, tomatoes and other crops.

- All garden waste should be composted and returned to the garden.

VB

4. composting

- Composting is the ideal way of getting rid of vegetable, garden and organic waste.

N-UNCOUNT

composure

[D.J.:kəmˈpəʊʒə]

[K.K.:kəmˈpoʒɚ]

n.

镇静, 沉着

composure *

composure
Composure is the appearance or feeling of calm and the ability to control your feelings. (FORMAL)

- For once Dimbleby lost his composure. It was all he could do to stop tears of mirth falling down his cheeks.

- Stopping only briefly to regain her composure, she described her agonising ordeal.

N-UNCOUNT

composure

noun

calmness

aplomb

equanimity

poise

sang-froid

self-assurance

self-possession

serenity

compote

[D.J.:ˈkɔmpəut]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmpot]

n.

煮熟的糖渍水果,果盘

compote

compote compotes
Compote is fruit stewed with sugar or in syrup.
N-VAR

compound

[D.J.:ˈkɔmpaund]

[K.K.:kɑmˈpaＵnd]

n.

复合物, 化合物

(筑有围墙的)院子, (围起来的)场地

[kəmˈpaund]

vt.

使混合, 使合成

使严重; 使恶化

compounded

[ˈkɔmpaudid]

adj.

混[复]合的

compounding

[ˈkɔmpaundiŋ]

n.

组合,混合

compound **

1. compound compounds
A compound is an enclosed area of land that is used for a particular purpose.

- Police fired on them as they fled into the embassy compound.

- ...a military compound.

N-COUNT
= enclosure

2. compound compounds
In chemistry, a compound is a substance that consists of two or more elements.

- Organic compounds contain carbon in their molecules.

N-COUNT

3. compound compounds
If something is a compound of different things, it consists of those things. (FORMAL)

- Honey is basically a compound of water, two types of sugar, vitamins and enzymes.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n
= mixture

4. compound
Compound is used to indicate that something consists of two or more parts or things.

- ...a tall shrub with shiny compound leaves.

- ...the compound microscope.

ADJ: ADJ n
= composite ≠ simple

5. compound
In grammar, a compound noun, adjective, or verb is one that is made up of two or more words, for example `fire engine', `bottle-green', and `force-feed'.
ADJ: ADJ n

6. compound
In grammar, a compound sentence is one that is made up of two or more main clauses. Compare complex .
ADJ: ADJ n

7. compound compounds compounding compounded
To compound a problem, difficulty, or mistake means to make it worse by adding to it. (FORMAL)

- Additional bloodshed and loss of life will only compound the tragedy.

- The problem is compounded by the medical system here.

VB
= add to

compounded *

compounded
If something is compounded of different things, it is a mixture of those things. (FORMAL)

- An emotion oddly compounded of pleasure and bitterness flooded over me.

ADJ: v-link ADJ of n
= composed of

compound

noun

1.

combination

alloy

amalgam

blend

composite

fusion

medley

mixture

synthesis

verb

2.

combine

amalgamate

blend

intermingle

mix

synthesize

unite

3.

intensify

add to

aggravate

augment

complicate

exacerbate

heighten

magnify

worsen

adjective

4.

complex

composite

intricate

multiple

compound fracture

compound fracture compound fractures
A compound fracture is a fracture in which the broken bone sticks through the skin.
N-COUNT

compound interest

compound interest
Compound interest is interest that is calculated both on an original sum of money and on interest which has previously been added to the sum.
N-UNCOUNT

comprehend

[D.J.:ˌkɔmpriˈhend]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmprɪˈhɛnd]

vt.

理解, 领会

包括

comprehend *

comprehend comprehends comprehending comprehended
If you cannot comprehend something, you cannot understand it. (FORMAL)

- I just cannot comprehend your attitude.

- Whenever she failed to comprehend she invariably laughed.

VB: with brd-neg
= understand

comprehend

verb

understand

apprehend

conceive

fathom

grasp

know

make out

perceive

see

take in

comprehensible

[D.J.:ˌkɔmprɪˈhensəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmprɪˈhɛnsəbəl]

adj.

<正>可理解的;能懂的

comprehensible

comprehensible
Something that is comprehensible can be understood. (FORMAL)

- He spoke abruptly, in barely comprehensible Arabic.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ incomprehensible

comprehensible

adjective

understandable

clear

coherent

conceivable

explicit

intelligible

plain

comprehension

[D.J.:ˌkɔmpriˈhenʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmprɪˈhɛnʃən]

n.

理解, 理解力

comprehension *

1. comprehension
Comprehension is the ability to understand something. (FORMAL)

- This was utterly beyond her comprehension.

N-UNCOUNT
= understanding

2. comprehension
Comprehension is full knowledge and understanding of the meaning of something. (FORMAL)

- They turned to one another with the same expression of dawning comprehension, surprise, and relief.

N-UNCOUNT
= realisation

3. comprehension comprehensions
When pupils do comprehension , they do an exercise to find out how well they understand a piece of spoken or written language.

- The course also features creative writing exercises and listening comprehension.

N-VAR

comprehension

noun

understanding

conception

discernment

grasp

intelligence

perception

realization

comprehensive

[D.J.:ˌkɔmpriˈhensiv]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmprɪˈhɛnsɪv]

adj.

广泛的, 综合的

comprehensive ***

1. comprehensive
Something that is comprehensive includes everything that is needed or relevant.

- The Rough Guide to Nepal is a comprehensive guide to the region.

ADJ-GRADED
= complete ≠ partial

2. comprehensive comprehensives
In Britain, a comprehensive is a state school in which children of all abilities are taught together.

- ...Birmingham's inner-city comprehensives...

- She taught French at Cheam Comprehensive in South London.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

3. comprehensive
Also an adjective.

- He left comprehensive school at the age of 16.

- ...Rushcliffe Comprehensive School.

ADJ: ADJ n

comprehensive

adjective

broad

all-embracing

all-inclusive

blanket

complete

encyclopedic

exhaustive

full

inclusive

thorough

comprehensively

adv.

包括地

comprehensively

comprehensively
Something that is done comprehensively is done thoroughly.

- She was comprehensively outplayed by Coetzer.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

compress

[D.J.:kəmˈpres]

[K.K.:kəmˈprɛs]

vt.

压紧, 压缩

compressed

[D.J.:kəmˈprest]

[K.K.:kəmˈprɛst]

adj.

压缩的

<生>扁长形的

compressing

压紧

compression

[D.J.:kəmˈpreʃən]

[K.K.:kəmˈprɛʃən]

n.

挤压,压缩

(内燃机的)压缩冲程

compress *

1. compress compresses compressing compressed
When you compress something or when it compresses , it is pressed or squeezed so that it takes up less space.

- Poor posture, sitting or walking slouched over, compresses the body's organs.

- Air will compress but the brake fluid won't.

V-ERG

2. compression

- The compression of the wood is easily achieved.

N-UNCOUNT

3. compress compresses compressing compressed
If you compress something such as a piece of writing or a description, you make it shorter.

- He never understood how to organize or compress large masses of material.

- All those three books are compacted and compressed into one book.

VB
= condense

4. compress compresses compressing compressed
If an event is compressed into a short space of time, it is given less time to happen than normal or previously.

- The four debates will be compressed into an unprecedentedly short eight-day period.

- Some courses such as engineering had to be compressed.

VB: usu passive

5. compress compresses
A compress is a pad of wet or dry cloth pressed on part of a patient's body to reduce fever.

- Sore throats may be relieved by cold compresses.

N-COUNT

compressed

compressed
Compressed air or gas is squeezed into a small space or container and is therefore at a higher pressure than normal. It is used especially as a source of power for machines.
ADJ: usu ADJ n
= pressurized

compress

verb

squeeze

abbreviate

concentrate

condense

contract

crush

press

shorten

squash

compressor

[D.J.:kəmˈpresə]

[K.K.:kəmˈprɛsɚ]

n.

压气机;压缩机

compressor

compressor compressors
A compressor is a machine or part of a machine that squeezes gas or air and makes it take up less space.
N-COUNT

comprise

[D.J.:kəmˈpraiz]

[K.K.:kəmˈpraɪz]

vt.

包含, 包括, 由…组成

组成, 构成

comprise **

1. comprise comprises comprising comprised
If you say that something comprises or is comprised of a number of things or people, you mean it has them as its parts or members. (FORMAL)

- The special cabinet committee comprises Mr Brown, Mr Mandelson, and Mr Straw.

- The exhibition comprises 50 oils and watercolours.

- The task force is comprised of congressional leaders, cabinet heads and administration officials.

- A crowd comprised of the wives and children of scientists staged a demonstration.

VB

2. comprise comprises comprising comprised
The things or people that comprise something are the parts or members that form it. (FORMAL)

- ...the multitude of ideas, ambitions and regrets that comprises the culture of Russia today...

- Women comprise 44% of hospital medical staff.

VB
= form make up

comprise

verb

1.

be composed of

consist of

contain

embrace

encompass

include

take in

2.

make up

compose

constitute

form

compromise

[D.J.:ˈkɔmprəmaiz]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz]

n.

妥协, 折中方法

vi.

折中解决

vt.

连累, 危害, 损害

compromise ***

1. compromise compromises
A compromise is a situation in which people accept something slightly different from what they really want, because of circumstances or because they are considering the wishes of other people.

- Encourage your child to reach a compromise between what he wants and what you want.

- Be ready and willing to make compromises between your needs and those of your partner.

- The government's policy of compromise is not universally popular.

N-VAR

2. compromise compromises compromising compromised
If you compromise with someone, you reach an agreement with them in which you both give up something that you originally wanted. You can also say that two people or groups compromise .

- The government has compromised with its critics over monetary policies.

- `Nine,' said I. `Nine thirty,' tried he. We compromised on 9.15.

- Israel had originally wanted $1 billion in aid, but compromised on the $650 million.

V-RECIP

3. compromise compromises compromising compromised
If someone compromises themselves or their beliefs, they do something which damages their reputation for honesty, loyalty, or high moral principles.

- ...members of the government who have compromised themselves by co-operating with the emergency committee...

- He would rather shoot himself than compromise his principles.

VB disapproval

compromising *

compromising
If you describe information or a situation as compromising , you mean that it reveals an embarrassing or guilty secret about someone.

- How had this compromising picture come into the possession of the press?

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

compromise

noun

1.

give-and-take

accommodation

adjustment

agreement

concession

settlement

trade-off

verb

2.

meet halfway

adjust

agree

concede

give and take

go fifty-fifty informal

settle

strike a balance

3.

dishonour

discredit

embarrass

expose

jeopardize

prejudice

weaken

comptroller

[D.J.:kəmˈtrəulə]

[K.K.:kənˈtrolɚ]

n.

审计员, 会计主任

comptroller *

comptroller comptrollers
A comptroller is someone who is in charge of the accounts of a business or a government department; used mainly in official titles.

- ...Robert Clarke, US Comptroller of the Currency.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= controller

compulsion

[D.J.:kəmˈpʌlʃən]

[K.K.:kəmˈpʌlʃən]

n.

强迫,被迫

欲望,冲动,要求

compulsion *

1. compulsion compulsions
A compulsion is a strong desire to do something, which you find difficult to control.

- He felt a sudden compulsion to drop the bucket and run.

- It's a compulsion to write, more than talent, that makes a writer.

N-COUNT: oft N to-inf
= urge

2. compulsion
If someone uses compulsion in order to get you to do something, they force you to do it, for example by threatening to punish you if you do not do it.

- Many universities argued that students learned more when they were in classes out of choice rather than compulsion.

- There is already an element of compulsion in existing government schemes for the unemployed.

N-UNCOUNT
= coercion

compulsion

noun

1.

urge

drive

necessity

need

obsession

preoccupation

2.

force

coercion

constraint

demand

duress

obligation

pressure

urgency

compulsive

[D.J.:kəmˈpʌlsɪv]

[K.K.:kəmˈpʌlsɪv]

adj.

极有趣的,令人着迷的

因着迷而引起的,上瘾的

强迫性的

compulsively

adv.

极有趣地,令人着迷地;强迫性地

compulsively

adv.

强制地,禁不住地

compulsive *

1. compulsive
You use compulsive to describe people or their behaviour when they cannot stop doing something wrong, harmful, or unnecessary.

- ...a compulsive liar...

- He was a compulsive gambler and often heavily in debt.

- ...women with compulsive eating problems.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. compulsively

- John is compulsively neat and clean, he's terrified of germs.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. compulsive
If a book or television programme is compulsive , it is so interesting that you do not want to stop reading or watching it.

- The BBC series Hot Chefs is compulsive viewing.

- These chilling heroines make Hart's books compulsive reading.

ADJ-GRADED

4. compulsively

- ...a series of compulsively readable novels.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj

compulsive

adjective

irresistible

compelling

driving

neurotic

obsessive

overwhelming

uncontrollable

urgent

compulsorily

adv.

强迫地,强制地

compulsory

[D.J.:kəmˈpʌlsəri]

[K.K.:kəmˈpʌlsəri]

adj.

必须做的, 强制性的

compulsory **

1. compulsory
If something is compulsory , you must do it or accept it, because it is the law or because someone in a position of authority says you must.

- In East Germany learning Russian was compulsory.

- Many young men are trying to get away from compulsory military conscription.

ADJ
= mandatory

2. compulsorily

- Five of the company's senior managers have been made compulsorily redundant.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

compulsory

adjective

obligatory

binding

de rigueur

forced

imperative

mandatory

required

requisite

compunction

[D.J.:kəmˈpʌŋkʃən]

[K.K.:kəmˈpʌŋkʃən]

n.

内疚, 后悔, 懊悔

compunction

compunction
If you say that someone has no compunction about doing something, you mean that they do it without feeling ashamed or guilty.

- Although tears well up, he has no compunction about relating how he killed his father.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

computation

[D.J.:ˌkɔmpjʊˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmpjʊˈteʃən]

n.

计算;估计

computation

computation computations
Computation is mathematical calculation.

- The discrepancies resulted from different methods of computation.

- He took a few notes and made computations.

N-VAR
= calculation

computational

[ˌkɔmpju(:)ˈteiʃ(ə)n(ə)l]

adj.

计算的

computational

computational
Computational means using computers.

- Students may pursue research in any aspect of computational linguistics.

- ...the limits of the computational methods available 50 years ago.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

compute

[D.J.:kəmˈpju:t]

[K.K.:kəmˈpjut]

vt.

计算, 估算

computing

[kəmˈpju:tiŋ]

n.

计算机的运作

compute *

compute computes computing computed
To compute a quantity or number means to calculate it.

- I tried to compute the cash value of the ponies and horse boxes.

VB
= calculate

computing **

1. computing
Computing is the activity of using a computer and writing programs for it.

- Courses range from cookery to computing.

N-UNCOUNT

2. computing
Computing means relating to computers and their use.

- Many graduates are employed in the electronics and computing industries.

ADJ: ADJ n

compute

verb

calculate

add up

count

enumerate

figure out

reckon

tally

total

computer

[D.J.:kəmˈpju:tə]

[K.K.:kəmˈpjutɚ]

n.

(电子)计算机, 电脑

computer ****

computer computers
A computer is an electronic machine that can store and deal with large amounts of information.

- The data are then fed into a computer.

- The company installed a $650,000 computer system.

- It's done on a computer?.

- The car was designed by computer for the driver of the 1990s.

N-COUNT: also by/on N
See also personal computer .

computerate

[kəmˈpju:tərət]

adj.

非计算机盲的

computerate

computerate
If someone is computerate , they have enough skill and knowledge to be able to use a computer.
ADJ-GRADED
= computer-literate

computer game *

computer game computer games
A computer game is a game that you play on a computer or on a small portable piece of electronic equipment.
N-COUNT

computerization

[kəmˌpju:təraiˈzeiʃən]

n.

计算机的使用，计算机化

computerize

[D.J.:kəmˈpju:təˌraɪz]

[K.K.:kəmˈpjutəˌraɪz]

vt.

用计算机做,使计算机化

将(资料)存入计算机

computerize **

1. computerize computerizes computerizing computerized
To computerize a system, process, or type of work means to arrange for a lot of the work to be done by computer.

- I'm trying to make a spreadsheet up to computerize everything that's done by hand at the moment.

- Many hospitals say they simply can't afford to computerize.

VB (BRIT) also computerise

2. computerization

- ...the benefits of computerization.

N-UNCOUNT

computerized *

1. computerized
A computerized system, process, or business is one in which the work is done by computer.

- The National Cancer Institute now has a computerized system that can quickly provide information.

- ...the most highly computerized businesses.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also computerised

2. computerized
Computerized information is stored on a computer.

- Computerized data bases are proliferating fast.

- The public registry in Panama City keeps computerized records of all companies.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also computerised

computer-literate

adj.

能使用计算机的

computer-literate

computer-literate
If someone is computer-literate , they have enough skill and knowledge to be able to use a computer.

- We look for applicants who are numerate, computer-literate and energetic self-starters.

ADJ-GRADED
= computerate

comrade

[D.J.:ˈkɔmrid]

[K.K.:ˈkɑmˌræd, -rəd]

n.

亲密的伙伴, 战友, 朋友

同志

comrade *

1. comrade comrades
Your comrades are your friends, especially friends that you share a difficult or dangerous situation with. (LITERARY)

- Unlike so many of his comrades he survived the war.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

2. comrade
Socialists or communists sometimes call each other comrade , especially in meetings.

- The Party's authority, comrades, will be put to a serious test.

N-TITLE; N-VOC; N-COUNT

comrade

noun

companion

ally

associate

colleague

co-worker

fellow

friend

partner

comrade-in-arms

n.

战友

comrade-in-arms

comrade-in-arms comrades-in-arms
A comrade-in-arms is someone who has worked for the same cause or purpose as you and has shared the same difficulties and dangers.

- ...Deng Xiaoping, Mao's long-time comrade-in-arms.

N-COUNT: oft poss N also comrade in arms .

comradely

[ˈkɔmreidli]

adj.

显示同志爱的,热络的

comradely

comradely
If you do something in a comradely way, you are being pleasant and friendly to other people. (FORMAL)

- They worked in comradely silence.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= friendly

comradeship

[D.J.:ˈk ɔmreɪdʃɪp]

[K.K.:ˈk ɑmrædˌʃɪp]

n.

同伴(同僚)之谊,友谊;同志关系

comradeship

comradeship
Comradeship is friendship between a number of people who are doing the same work or who share the same difficulties or dangers.

- ...the comradeship of his fellow soldiers.

N-UNCOUNT

con

[D.J.:kɔn]

[K.K.:kɑn]

n.

欺骗,骗局

vt.

诈骗,哄骗

con.

convict 定罪

con **

1. con cons conning conned
If someone cons you, they persuade you to do something or believe something by telling you things that are not true. (INFORMAL)

- He claimed that the businessman had conned him of £10,000.

- White conned his way into a job as a warehouseman with Dutch airline, KLM.

- The British motorist has been conned by the government.

VB
= cheat trick

2. con cons
A con is a trick in which someone deceives you by telling you something that is not true. (INFORMAL)

- Slimming snacks that offer miraculous weight loss are a con.

- She is the victim of a big con trick.

N-COUNT
= confidence trick

3. con cons
A con is the same as a convict . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

con

noun Informal

1.

swindle

deception

fraud

scam slang

sting informal

trick

verb

2.

swindle

cheat

deceive

defraud

double-cross informal

dupe

hoodwink

rip off slang

trick

Con *

1. Con
Con is the written abbreviation for constable , when it is part of a policeman's title. (BRIT)

- ...Det Con Terence Woodwiss.

N-TITLE

2. Con
Con is the written abbreviation for Conservative . (BRIT)

- ...Philip Goodhart MP for Beckenham (Con).

con artist

con artist con artists
A con artist is someone who tricks other people into giving them their money or property.
N-COUNT
= con man

conc.

conc.
Conc. is the written abbreviation for concessionary . (BRIT)

- The guided tours cost £4 (conc £3.50).

concatenation

[D.J.:kɔnˌkætɪˈneɪʃɵn]

n.

一系列互相关联的事物

concatenation

concatenation
A concatenation of things or events is their occurrence one after another, because they are linked. (FORMAL)

- ...the concatenation of crisis conditions in seventeenth-century Europe.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

concave

[D.J.:kɔnˈkeɪv, ˈkɔnˌkeɪv]

[K.K.:kɑnˈkev, ˈkɑnˌkev]

adj.

凹的

concavely

adv.

凹地

concaveness

n.

凹面,成凹形

concavity

n.

凹面,成凹形

concavity

[D.J.:kɔnˈkæviti]

[K.K.:kɑnˈkævɪti]

n.

凹度

concave

concave
A surface that is concave curves inwards in the middle.

- ...a concave stomach.

- ...the concave bottom of an empty hair spray container.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ convex

concave

adjective

hollow

indented

conceal

[D.J.:kənˈsi:l]

[K.K.:kənˈsil]

vt.

隐藏; 隐瞒, 遮住

conceal **

1. conceal conceals concealing concealed
If you conceal something, you cover it or hide it carefully.

- Frances decided to conceal the machine behind a hinged panel.

- Five people were arrested for carrying concealed weapons.

VB

2. conceal conceals concealing concealed
If you conceal a piece of information or a feeling, you do not let other people know about it.

- Robert could not conceal his relief.

- She knew at once that he was concealing something from her.

VB
≠ reveal

3. conceal conceals concealing concealed
If something conceals something else, it covers it and prevents it from being seen.

- ...a pair of carved Indian doors which conceal a built-in cupboard...

- The hat concealed her hair.

VB

conceal

verb

hide

bury

camouflage

cover

disguise

mask

obscure

screen

concealment

[D.J.:kənˈsi:lmənt]

[K.K.:kənˈsilmənt]

n.

隐藏;隐瞒

隐匿处;隐藏手段

concealment

1. concealment
Concealment is the state of being hidden or the act of hiding something.

- The criminals vainly sought concealment from the searchlight.

- ...the concealment of weapons.

N-UNCOUNT

2. concealment
The concealment of information or a feeling involves keeping it secret.

- His concealment of his true motives was masterly.

- I think there was deliberate concealment of relevant documents.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

concede

[D.J.:kənˈsi:d]

[K.K.:kənˈsid]

vt. & vi.

承认

vt.

出让, 容许

concede ***

1. concede concedes conceding conceded
If you concede something, you admit, often unwillingly, that it is true or correct.

- Bess finally conceded that Nancy was right.

- `Well,' he conceded, `I do sometimes mumble a bit.'.

- Mr. Chapman conceded the need for Nomura's U.S. unit to improve its trading skills.

VB

2. concede concedes conceding conceded
If you concede something to someone, you allow them to have it as a right or privilege.

- Poland's Communist government conceded the right to establish independent trade unions.

- Facing total defeat in Vietnam, the French subsequently conceded full independence to Laos.

VB
= allow

3. concede concedes conceding conceded
If you concede something you give it to the person who has been trying to get it from you.

- A strike by some ten thousand bank employees has ended after the government conceded some of their demands.

VB

4. concede concedes conceding conceded
In sport, if you concede goals or points, you are unable to prevent your opponent from scoring them. (BRIT; in AM use give up )

- They conceded four goals to Leeds United.

- Luton conceded a free kick on the edge of the penalty area.

VB

5. concede concedes conceding conceded
If you concede a game, contest, or argument, you end it by admitting that you can no longer win.

- Reiner, 56, has all but conceded the race to his rival.

- Alain Prost finished third and virtually conceded the world championship.

VB

6. concede concedes conceding conceded
If you concede defeat, you accept that you have lost a struggle.

- Airtours conceded defeat in its attempt to take control of holiday industry rival Owners Abroad.

- He happily conceded the election.

VB
= admit

concede

verb

1.

admit

accept

acknowledge

allow

confess

grant

own

2.

give up

cede

hand over

relinquish

surrender

yield

conceit

[D.J.:kənˈsi:t]

[K.K.:kənˈsit]

n.

高傲, 骄傲自大

in one’s own conceit

自以为

conceit *

1. conceit
Conceit is very great pride in your abilities or achievements that other people feel is too great.

- He knew, without conceit, he was considered a genius.

- Pamela knew she was a good student, and that was not just a conceit.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N disapproval
= arrogance

2. conceit conceits
In literature, a conceit is a clever or unusual metaphor or comparison.

- Critics may complain that the novel's central conceit is rather simplistic.

N-COUNT

conceit

noun

1.

self-importance

arrogance

egotism

narcissism

pride

swagger

vanity

2.

fancy

fantasy

image

whim

whimsy

conceited

[D.J.:kənˈsi:tɪd]

[K.K.:kənˈsitɪd]

adj.

(人)自负的, 自高自大的, 骄傲自满的

conceited

conceited
If you say that someone is conceited , you are showing your disapproval of the fact that they are far too proud of their abilities or achievements.

- I thought him conceited and arrogant.

- You conceited idiot.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= vain

conceited

adjective Archaic

self-important

arrogant

bigheaded informal

cocky

egotistical

full of oneself

immodest

narcissistic

too big for one's boots or breeches

vain

conceivable

[D.J.:kənˈsi:vəbl]

adj.

可想到的, 可相信的, 可想像的

conceivably

adv.

令人信服地

conceivable *

1. conceivable
If something is conceivable , you can imagine it or believe it.

- Without their support the project would not have been conceivable.

- It is just conceivable that a single survivor might be found.

- Through the centuries, flowers have been used for cooking in every conceivable way.

ADJ: oft it v-link ADJ that
≠ inconceivable

2. conceivably

- The mission could conceivably be accomplished within a week.

ADV: usu ADV before v

conceivable

adjective

imaginable

believable

credible

possible

thinkable

conceive

[D.J.:kənˈsi:v]

[K.K.:kənˈsiv]

vt. & vi.

想出, 构想, 设想

怀孕

conceive **

1. conceive conceives conceiving conceived
If you cannot conceive of something, you cannot imagine it or believe it.

- I just can't even conceive of that quantity of money.

- He was immensely ambitious but unable to conceive of winning power for himself.

VB: usu with brd-neg

2. conceive conceives conceiving conceived
If you conceive something as a particular thing, you consider it to be that thing.

- The ancients conceived the earth as afloat in water.

- We conceive of the family as being in a constant state of change.

- Elvis conceived of himself as a ballad singer.

VB

3. conceive conceives conceiving conceived
If you conceive a plan or idea, you think of it and work out how it can be done.

- She had conceived the idea of a series of novels, each of which would reveal some aspect of Chinese life.

- He conceived of the first truly portable computer in 1968.

VB

4. conceive conceives conceiving conceived
When a woman conceives , she becomes pregnant.

- Women, he says, should give up alcohol before they plan to conceive.

- About one in six couples has difficulty conceiving.

- A mother who already has non-identical twins is more likely to conceive another set of twins.

VB

conceive

verb

1.

imagine

believe

comprehend

envisage

fancy

suppose

think

understand

2.

think up

contrive

create

design

devise

formulate

3.

become pregnant

become impregnated

concentrate

[D.J.:ˈkɔnsəntreit]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnsənˌtret]

vt. & vi.

专心于; 注意

集中, 聚集

vt.

浓缩

concentrated

[D.J.:ˈkɔnsntreɪtɪd]

[K.K.: ˈkɑnsn..ˌtretɪd]

adj.

集中的

<化>浓缩的

全神贯注的,全力以赴的

concentrate ***

1. concentrate concentrates concentrating concentrated
If you concentrate on something, or concentrate your mind on it, you give all your attention to it.

- It was up to him to concentrate on his studies and make something of himself.

- Water companies should concentrate on reducing waste instead of building new reservoirs.

- At work you need to be able to concentrate.

- This helps you to be aware of time and concentrates your mind on the immediate task.

VB

2. concentrate concentrates concentrating concentrated
If something is concentrated in an area, it is all there rather than being spread around.

- Italy's industrial districts are concentrated in its north-central and north-eastern regions.

- Most development has been concentrated in and around cities.

VB: usu passive

3. concentrate concentrates
Concentrate is a liquid or substance from which water has been removed in order to make it stronger, or to make it easier to store.

- ...orange juice made from concentrate.

N-MASS

4. concentrate
If you say that an unpleasant fact or situation concentrates someone's mind , you mean that it makes them think clearly, because they are aware of the serious consequences if they do not.

- A term in prison will concentrate his mind wonderfully.

PHR: V and N inflect

concentrated **

1. concentrated
A concentrated liquid has been increased in strength by having water removed from it.

- Sweeten dishes sparingly with honey, or concentrated apple or pear juice.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ diluted

2. concentrated
A concentrated activity is directed with great intensity in one place.

- ...a more concentrated effort to reach out to troubled kids.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= concerted ≠ half-hearted

concentrate

verb

1.

focus one's attention on

be engrossed in

put one's mind to

rack one's brains

2.

focus

bring to bear

centre

cluster

converge

3.

gather

accumulate

cluster

collect

congregate

huddle

concentrated

adjective

1.

intense

all-out informal

deep

hard

intensive

2.

condensed

boiled down

evaporated

reduced

rich

thickened

undiluted

concentration

[D.J.:ˌkɔnsənˈtreiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnsənˈtreʃən]

n.

专心, 专注

集中, 集结

concentrations

浓聚物

concentration ***

1. concentration
Concentration on something involves giving all your attention to it.

- Neal kept interrupting, breaking my concentration.

- We lacked concentration and it cost us the goal and the game.

N-UNCOUNT

2. concentration concentrations
A concentration of something is a large amount of it or large numbers of it in a small area.

- The area has one of the world's greatest concentrations of wildlife.

- There's been too much concentration of power in the hands of central authorities.

N-VAR: usu N of n

3. concentration concentrations
The concentration of a substance is the proportion of essential ingredients or substances in it.

- pH is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen atoms in a solution.

- The latest data showed that global ozone concentrations had dropped several per cent over the last decade.

N-VAR: with supp, oft N of n, n N

concentration

noun

1.

single-mindedness

absorption

application

heed

2.

focusing

bringing to bear

centralization

centring

consolidation

convergence

intensification

3.

convergence

accumulation

aggregation

cluster

collection

horde

mass

concentration camp *

concentration camp concentration camps
A concentration camp is a prison in which large numbers of ordinary people are kept in very bad conditions, usually during a war.
N-COUNT

concentric

[D.J.:kənˈsentrɪk]

[K.K.:kənˈsɛntrɪk]

adj.

同一中心的,同轴的

concentrically

adv.

同一中心地,同轴地

concentric

concentric
Concentric circles or rings have the same centre.

- Stonehenge is an ancient collection of enormous standing stones, mysteriously arranged in two concentric circles.

ADJ: ADJ n

concept

[D.J.:ˈkɔnsept]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌsɛpt]

n.

概念; 观念; 想法

concept ***

concept concepts
A concept is an idea or abstract principle.

- She added that the concept of arranged marriages is misunderstood in the west.

- ...basic legal concepts.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= notion

concept

noun

idea

abstraction

conception

conceptualization

hypothesis

image

notion

theory

view

conception

[D.J.:kənˈsepʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈsɛpʃən]

n.

思想, 观念, 概念

构想, 设想

怀孕

conception **

1. conception conceptions
A conception of something is an idea that you have of it in your mind.

- My conception of a garden was based on gardens I had visited in England.

- I see him as someone with not the slightest conception of teamwork.

N-VAR: usu N of n
= notion

2. conception
Conception is the forming of an idea for something in your mind.

- The symphony is admirable in conception.

- The other fundamental consideration in the conception of a plan is function.

N-UNCOUNT

3. conception conceptions
Conception is the process in which the egg in a woman is fertilized and she becomes pregnant.

- Six weeks after conception your baby is the size of your little fingernail.

- Teenage conceptions have risen steadily in the last ten years.

N-VAR

conception

noun

1.

idea

concept

design

image

notion

plan

2.

impregnation

fertilization

germination

insemination

conceptual

[D.J.:kənˈseptjuəl]

[K.K.:kənˈsɛptʃuəl]

adj.

观念的, 概念的

conceptually

adv.

概念地

conceptual *

1. conceptual
Conceptual means related to ideas and concepts formed in the mind.

- NATO requires a better intellectual and conceptual framework to guide its thinking.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. conceptually

- The monograph is conceptually confused, unclear in its structure and weak in its methodology.

ADV: usu ADV with v, ADV adj, also ADV with cl

conceptualization

[kənˌseptjuəlaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

化为概念,概念化

conceptualize

[D.J.:kənˈseptjuəlaiz]

[K.K.:kənˈsɛptʃuəˌlaɪz]

v.

使有概念

conceptualize

1. conceptualize conceptualizes conceptualizing conceptualized
If you conceptualize something, you form an idea of it in your mind.

- How we conceptualize things has a lot to do with what we feel.

- It is nowadays better to conceptualize religion as a cultural resource than as a social institution.

VB (BRIT) also conceptualise

2. conceptualization conceptualizations

- ...the existing conceptualization of women's liberation.

N-VAR: oft N of n

concern

[D.J.:kənˈsə:n]

[K.K.:kənˈsɚn]

n.

忧虑, 焦虑, 担心

焦虑的原因

重要的或感兴趣的事物

企业, 公司

股份

vt.

有关于, 关系到

使担忧, 使烦恼

concerned

[D.J.:kənˈsɜ:nd]

[K.K.:kənˈsə..nd]

adj.

担心的, 烦恼的, 忧虑的

concerning

[D.J.:kənˈsə:niŋ]

[K.K.:kənˈsɚnɪŋ]

prep.

(表示论及)关于, 有关, 就…而论

concern *****

1. concern
Concern is worry about a situation.

- The European Community has expressed concern about reports of political violence in Africa.

- The move follows growing public concern over the spread of the disease.

- As the militants gather, there is concern that the protest might again run out of control.

- There is no cause for concern.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N prep, N that

2. concern concerns concerned
If something concerns you, it worries you.

- The growing number of people seeking refuge in Thailand is beginning to concern Western aid agencies.

- It concerned her that Bess was developing a crush on Max.

VB: no cont

3. concerned

- I've been concerned about you lately.

- We're naturally concerned for our daughter's safety.

- We are deeply concerned that terrorists appear to be targeting roads.

- ...a phone call from a concerned neighbor.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about/for n, ADJ that

4. concern concerns
A concern is a fact or situation that worries you.

- His concern was that people would know that he was responsible.

- Unemployment was the electorate's main concern.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= worry

5. concern concerns
Someone's concern with something is their feeling that it is important.

- ...a story that illustrates how dangerous excessive concern with safety can be.

N-VAR: oft N with n

6. concern concerns
Someone's concerns are the things that they consider to be important.

- Feminism must address issues beyond the concerns of middle-class whites.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

7. concern concerns
Concern for someone is a feeling that you want them to be happy, safe, and well. If you do something out of concern for someone, you do it because you want them to be happy, safe, and well.

- Without her care and concern, he had no chance at all.

- He had only gone along out of concern for his two grandsons.

N-VAR: oft poss N

8. concern concerns concerning concerned
If you concern yourself with something, you give it attention because you think that it is important.

- I didn't concern myself with politics.

- He would concern himself solely with the plight of the hostages.

VB

9. concerned

- The agency is more concerned with making arty ads than understanding its clients' businesses.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with n

10. concern concerns concerned
If something such as a book or a piece of information concerns a particular subject, it is about that subject.

- The bulk of the book concerns Sandy's two middle-aged children.

- Chapter 2 concerns itself with the methodological difficulties.

VB: no cont
= be about

11. concerned

- Randolph's work was exclusively concerned with the effects of pollution on health.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with n

12. concern concerns concerned
If a situation, event, or activity concerns you, it affects or involves you.

- It was just a little unfinished business from my past, and it doesn't concern you at all.

VB: no cont

13. concerned

- It's a very stressful situation for everyone concerned.

- I believe he was concerned in all those matters you mention.

ADJ: n ADJ, v-link ADJ in/with n

14. concern
If a situation or problem is your concern , it is something that you have a duty or responsibility to be involved with.

- The technical aspects were the concern of the Army.

- I would be glad to get rid of them myself. But that is not our concern.

N-SING: with poss
= affair business

15. concern concerns
You can refer to a company or business as a concern , usually when you are describing what type of company or business it is. (FORMAL)

- If not a large concern, Queensbury Nursery was at least a successful one.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

16. concern
You can say ` as far as I'm concerned ' to indicate that you are giving your own opinion.

- As far as I'm concerned the officials incited the fight.

PHR: PHR with cl

17. concern
You can say as far as something is concerned to indicate the subject that you are talking about.

- As far as starting a family is concerned, the trend is for women having their children later in life.

PHR: PHR with cl

18. concern
If a company is a going concern , it is actually doing business, rather than having stopped trading or not yet having started trading.

- The receivers will always prefer to sell a business as a going concern.

PHR: N inflects, oft as PHR, v-link PHR

19. concern
If something is of concern to someone, they find it worrying and unsatisfactory.

- Any injury to a child is a cause of great concern to us.

- The survey's findings are a matter of great concern.

PHR: oft PHR to n

20. concern
If something is of concern to you, it is important to you.

- How they are paid should be of little concern to the bank as long as they are paid.

PHR: oft PHR to n

concerned ***

concerned
If you are concerned to do something, you want to do it because you think it is important.

- We were very concerned to keep the staff informed about what we were doing.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to-inf

concerning **

concerning
You use concerning to indicate what a question or piece of information is about. (FORMAL)

- For more information concerning the club contact I. Coldwell.

- ...various questions concerning pollution and the environment.

PREP: oft n PREP n
= about

concern

noun

1.

worry

anxiety

apprehension

burden

care

disquiet

distress

2.

importance

bearing

interest

relevance

3.

business

affair

interest

job

responsibility

task

4.

business

company

corporation

enterprise

establishment

firm

organization

verb

5.

worry

bother

disquiet

distress

disturb

make anxious

perturb

trouble

6.

be relevant to

affect

apply to

bear on

interest

involve

pertain to

regard

touch

concerned

adjective

1.

involved

active

implicated

interested

mixed up

privy to

2.

worried

anxious

bothered

distressed

disturbed

troubled

uneasy

upset

concerning

preposition

regarding

about

apropos of

as regards

on the subject of

re

relating to

respecting

touching

with reference to

concert

[D.J.:ˈkɔnsət]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌsɚt, -sət]

n.

音乐会

concert ***

1. concert concerts
A concert is a performance of music.

- ...a short concert of piano music...

- I've been to plenty of live rock concerts.

- ...a new concert hall.

N-COUNT

2. concert
If a musician or group of musicians appears in concert , they are giving a live performance.

- I want people to remember Elvis in concert.

PHR: PHR after v

3. concert
If a number of people do something in concert , they do it together. (FORMAL)

- He wants to act in concert with other nations.

PHR: PHR after v

concerted

[D.J.:kənˈsə:tid]

[K.K.:kənˈsɚtɪd]

adj.

共同筹划的, 合作的

concerted *

1. concerted
A concerted action is done by several people or groups working together.

- Martin Parry, author of the report, says it's time for concerted action by world leaders.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

2. concerted
If you make a concerted effort to do something, you try very hard to do it.

- He made a concerted effort to win me away from my steady, sweet but boring boyfriend.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= concentrated

concertgoer

[D.J.:ˈkɔnsətˌɡəuə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnsətˌɡoɚ]

n.

常参加音乐会者

concertgoer

concertgoer concertgoers
A concertgoer is someone who goes to concerts regularly.
N-COUNT also concert-goer .

concertina

[D.J.:ˌkɔnsəˈti:nə]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnsɚˈtinə]

n.

类似风琴的六角形的乐器

concertina

concertina concertinas
A concertina is a musical instrument consisting of two end pieces with stiff paper or cloth that folds up between them. You play the concertina by pressing the buttons on the end pieces while moving them together and apart.
N-VAR: oft the N

concertmaster

[D.J.:ˈkɔnsətˌmɑ:stə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnsətˌmæstɚ]

n.

(交响乐队的)首席小提琴手

concertmaster

concertmaster concertmasters
The concertmaster of an orchestra is the most senior violin player, who acts as a deputy to the conductor. (AUSTRALIAN) (AM; in BRIT use leader )
N-COUNT

concerto

[D.J.:kənˈtʃə:təu]

[K.K.:kənˈtʃɛrto]

n.

协奏曲

concerto *

concerto concertos
A concerto is a piece of music written for one or more solo instruments and an orchestra.

- ...Tchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto.

- ...a wonderful concerto for two violins and string orchestra.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

concession

[D.J.:kənˈseʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈsɛʃən]

n.

承认, 允许

妥协, 让步

特许权

concession ***

1. concession concessions
If you make a concession to someone, you agree to let them do or have something, especially in order to end an argument or conflict.

- It appears that Britain has made sweeping concessions to China in order to reach a settlement.

N-COUNT: oft N to/from n

2. concession concessions
A concession is a special right or privilege that is given to someone.

- The government has granted concessions to three private telephone companies.

- ...tax concessions for mothers who chose to stay at home with their children.

N-COUNT

3. concession concessions
A concession is a special price which is lower than the usual price and which is often given to old people, students, and the unemployed. (BRIT; in AM use reduction )

- Open daily; admission £1.10 with concessions for children and OAPs.

N-COUNT

4. concession concessions
A concession is an arrangement where someone is given the right to sell a product or to run a business, especially in a building belonging to another business. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use franchise )
N-COUNT

concession

noun

1.

grant

adjustment

allowance

boon

compromise

indulgence

permit

privilege

sop

2.

conceding

acknowledgment

admission

assent

confession

surrender

yielding

concessionaire

[D.J.:kənˌseʃəˈnɛə]

[K.K.:kənˌsɛʃəˈnɛr]

n.

受让人,特许权获得者

concessionaire

concessionaire concessionaires
A concessionaire is a person or company that has the right to sell a product or to run a business, especially in a building belonging to another business. (AM; in BRIT use franchisee or franchise-holder )
N-COUNT
= concessioner

concessionary

[D.J.:kənˈseʃənərɪ]

[K.K.:kənˈsɛʃənˌɛrɪ]

adj.

(对某类人)减价的

concessionary

concessionary
A concessionary price is a special price which is lower than the normal one and which is often given to old people, students, and the unemployed. (BRIT; in AM use reduced )

- There are concessionary rates for OAP's and students.

ADJ: ADJ n

concessioner

[D.J.:kənˈseʃənə]

[K.K.:kənˈsɛʃənɚ]

n.

受让人,特许权所有人

concessioner

concessioner concessioners
A concessioner is the same as a concessionaire . (AM; in BRIT use franchisee or franchise-holder )
N-COUNT

concessive clause

concessive clause concessive clauses
A concessive clause is a subordinate clause which refers to a situation that contrasts with the one described in the main clause. For example, in the sentence `Although he was tired, he couldn't get to sleep', the first clause is a concessive clause.
N-COUNT

conch

[D.J.:kɔŋk,kɔntʃ]

[K.K.:kɑŋk, kɑntʃ]

n.

贝壳,海螺壳

conch

conch conches
A conch is a shellfish with a large shell rather like a snail's. A conch or a conch shell is the shell of this creature.
N-COUNT

concierge

[D.J.:ˌkɔ:nsiˈɛəʒ]

[K.K.:kɔŋˈsjɛrʒ]

n.

看门人,门房

concierge

concierge concierges
A concierge is a person, especially in France, who looks after a block of flats and checks people entering and leaving the building.
N-COUNT

conciliate

[D.J.:kənˈsɪli:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:kənˈsɪliˌet]

vt.

使(某人)息怒或友好;安抚,劝慰

vt. & vi.

(使)意见一致;调节

conciliator

n.

安抚者,劝慰者

conciliatory

adj.

意图或可能抚慰或调解的

conciliator

[kənˈsilieitə]

n.

抚慰者

conciliatory

[D.J.:kənˈsɪlɪətɵrɪ]

[K.K.:kənˈsɪlɪəˌtorɪ]

adj.

安抚(性)的，抚(慰)性的

调解的，调停的；和解的

conciliate

1. conciliate conciliates conciliating conciliated
If you conciliate someone, you try to end a disagreement with them. (FORMAL)

- His duty was to conciliate the people, not to provoke them.

- The President has a strong political urge to conciliate.

- He spoke in a low, nervous, conciliating voice.

VB

2. conciliator conciliators

- Douglas Hurd was widely seen as a conciliator, occupying the central ground of Conservative politics.

N-COUNT

conciliate

verb

pacify

appease

clear the air

mediate

mollify

placate

reconcile

soothe

win over

conciliation

[D.J.:kənˌsɪlɪˈeɪʃɵn]

n.

抚慰,调节

conciliationism

n.

调和主义

conciliationist

n.

调和主义者

conciliationism

[kənˌsiliˈeiʃənizəm]

n.

调解政策,调和主义

conciliationist

[kənˌsiliˈeiʃənist]

n.

调和主义者

conciliation *

conciliation
Conciliation is willingness to end a disagreement or the process of ending a disagreement.

- Resolving the dispute will require a mood of conciliation on both sides.

- The experience has left him sceptical about peace talks and efforts at conciliation.

N-UNCOUNT

conciliation

noun

pacification

appeasement

mollification

placation

reconciliation

soothing

conciliatory *

conciliatory
When you are conciliatory in your actions or behaviour, you show that you are willing to end a disagreement with someone.

- The next time he spoke he used a more conciliatory tone.

- The President's speech was hailed as a conciliatory gesture toward business.

ADJ-GRADED

conciliatory

adjective

pacifying

appeasing

mollifying

pacific

peaceable

placatory

concise

[D.J.:kənˈsais]

[K.K.:kənˈsaɪs]

adj.

简明的

concisely

adv.

简明地

concise *

1. concise
Something that is concise says everything that is necessary without using any unnecessary words.

- Burton's text is concise and informative.

- Whatever you are writing make sure you are clear, concise, and accurate.

ADJ-GRADED
= succinct ≠ verbose

2. concisely

- He'd delivered his report clearly and concisely.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. concise
A concise edition of a book, especially a dictionary, is shorter than the original edition.

- ...Sotheby's Concise Encyclopedia of Porcelain.

ADJ: ADJ n

concise

adjective

brief

compendious

condensed

laconic

pithy

short

succinct

terse

conclave

[D.J.:ˈkɔnkleiv]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌklev, ˈkɑŋ-]

n.

秘密会议,教皇选举会议,红衣主教团

conclave

conclave conclaves
A conclave is a meeting at which the discussions are kept secret. The meeting which is held to elect a new Pope is called a conclave.
N-COUNT

conclude

[D.J.:kənˈklu:d]

[K.K.:kənˈklud]

vt. & vi.

结束

vt.

得出结论; 断定

决定

concluding

[kənˈklu:diŋ]

adj.

结束的

conclude ***

1. conclude concludes concluding concluded
If you conclude that something is true, you decide that it is true using the facts you know as a basis.

- Larry had concluded that he had no choice but to accept Paul' s words as the truth.

- So what can we conclude from this debate?.

- `The situation in the inner cities is bad and getting worse,' she concluded.

VB

2. conclude concludes concluding concluded
When you conclude , you say the last thing that you are going to say. (mainly FORMAL)

- `It's a waste of time,' he concluded.

- I would like to conclude by saying that I do enjoy your magazine.

VB
≠ begin

3. concluding

- On the radio I caught Mr Hague's concluding remarks at the Blackpool conference.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. conclude concludes concluding concluded
When something concludes , or when you conclude it, you end it. (FORMAL)

- The evening concluded with dinner and speeches.

- The Group of Seven major industrial countries concluded its annual summit meeting today.

V-ERG
= end ≠ begin

5. conclude concludes concluding concluded
If one person or group concludes an agreement, such as a treaty or business deal, with another, they arrange it. You can also say that two people or groups conclude an agreement. (FORMAL)

- Mexico and the Philippines have both concluded agreements with their commercial bank creditors.

- If the clubs cannot conclude a deal, an independent tribunal will decide.

V-RECIP
= settle

conclude

verb

1.

decide

assume

deduce

gather

infer

judge

surmise

work out

2.

end

cease

close

complete

finish

round off

terminate

wind up

3.

accomplish

bring about

carry out

effect

pull off

conclusion

[D.J.:kənˈklu:ʒən]

[K.K.:kənˈkluʒən]

n.

结束, 结尾

信念, 意见, 结论

conclusion ***

1. conclusion conclusions
When you come to a conclusion you decide that something is true after you have thought about it carefully and have considered all the relevant facts.

- Over the years I've come to the conclusion that she's a very great musician.

- I have tried to give some idea of how I feel -- other people will no doubt draw their own conclusions.

N-COUNT: oft N that

2. conclusion
The conclusion of something is its ending.

- At the conclusion of the programme, I asked the children if they had any questions they wanted to ask me.

N-SING: also no det, usu with supp
= end

3. conclusion
The conclusion of a treaty or a business deal is the act of arranging it or agreeing it.

- ...the expected conclusion of a free-trade agreement between Mexico and the United States.

N-SING: usu with supp

4. conclusion
You can refer to something that seems certain to happen as a foregone conclusion .

- It was a foregone conclusion that I would end up in the same business as him.

- The championship result was almost a foregone conclusion.

PHR: oft it v-link PHR that
= certainty

5. conclusion
You say ` in conclusion ' to indicate that what you are about to say is the last thing that you want to say.

- In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.

PHR: PHR with cl
= to finish

6. conclusion
If you say that someone jumps to a conclusion , you are critical of them because they decide too quickly that something is true, when they do not know all the facts.

- I didn't want her to jump to the conclusion that the divorce was in any way her fault.

- Forgive me. I shouldn't be jumping to conclusions.

PHR: V and N inflect, oft PHR that disapproval

conclusion

noun

1.

decision

conviction

deduction

inference

judgment

opinion

verdict

2.

end

bitter end

close

completion

ending

finale

finish

result

termination

3.

outcome

consequence

culmination

end result

result

upshot

conclusive

[D.J.:kənˈklu:sɪv]

[K.K.:kənˈklusɪv]

adj.

令人信服的,确凿的

conclusively

adv.

令人信服地,确凿地

conclusively

[D.J.:kənˈklu:sɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:kənˈklusɪvlɪ]

adv.

决定性地;确定地

conclusive *

1. conclusive
Conclusive evidence shows that something is certainly true.

- Her attorneys claim there is no conclusive evidence that any murders took place.

- Research on the matter is far from conclusive.

ADJ-GRADED

2. conclusively

- A new study proved conclusively that smokers die younger than non-smokers.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

conclusive

adjective

decisive

clinching

convincing

definite

final

irrefutable

ultimate

unanswerable

concoct

[D.J.:kənˈkɔkt]

[K.K.:kənˈkɑkt]

vt.

将(尤指通常不相配合的)成分混合成某物;调制

编造,捏造

concoction

n.

编造,捏造;混合物

concoction

[D.J.:kənˈk ɔkʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈk ɑkʃən]

n.

混合(物)

捏造

企图;策划

concoct *

1. concoct concocts concocting concocted
If you concoct an excuse or explanation, you invent one that is not true.

- Mr Ferguson said the prisoner concocted the story to get a lighter sentence.

VB

2. concoct concocts concocting concocted
If you concoct something, especially something unusual, you make it by mixing several things together.

- Eugene was concocting Rossini Cocktails from champagne and pureed raspberries.

- ...a specially concocted massage oil.

VB

concoct

verb

make up

brew

contrive

devise

formulate

hatch

invent

prepare

think up

concoction *

concoction concoctions
A concoction is something that has been made out of several things mixed together.

- ...a concoction of honey, yogurt, oats, and apples.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

concoction

noun

mixture

blend

brew

combination

compound

creation

preparation

concomitance

[D.J.:kənˈkɔmitəns]

[K.K.:kənˈkɑmɪtəns]

n.

共存, 并存

(圣餐中耶稣的)血肉同在教义

concomitant

[D.J.:kənˈkɔmɪtənt]

[K.K.:kənˈkɑmɪtənt]

adj.

伴随的,同时发生或出现的

n.

伴随发生的事;伴随物

concomitance

n.

伴随,共存

concomitant

1. concomitant
Concomitant is used to describe something that happens at the same time as another thing and is connected with it. (FORMAL)

- New methods had to be learnt, with concomitant delays in successful production.

- This approach was concomitant with the move away from relying on officially recorded crime as a data source.

ADJ: ADJ n, v-link ADJ with n

2. concomitant concomitants
A concomitant of something is another thing that happens at the same time and is connected with it. (FORMAL)

- The right to deliberately alter quotations is not a concomitant of a free press.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

concord

[D.J.:ˈkɔnˌkɔ:d, ˈkɔŋ-]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌkɔrd, ˈkɑŋ-]

n.

和谐, 一致, 和睦

concord

1. concord
Concord is a state of peaceful agreement. (FORMAL)

- They expressed the hope that he would pursue a neutral and balanced policy for the sake of national concord.

N-UNCOUNT
= harmony ≠ discord

2. concord
In grammar, concord refers to the way that a word has a form appropriate to the number or gender of the noun or pronoun it relates to. For example, in `He hates it', there is concord between the singular form of the verb and the singular pronoun `he'.
N-UNCOUNT
= agreement

concordance

[D.J.:kənˈkɔ:dəns]

[K.K.:kənˈkɔrdns]

n.

和谐；一致性

concordance

1. concordance concordances
If there is concordance between two things, they are similar to each other or consistent with each other. (FORMAL)

- ...a partial concordance between theoretical expectations and empirical evidence.

N-VAR

2. concordance concordances
A concordance is a list of the words in a text or group of texts, with information about where in the text each word occurs and how often it occurs. The sentences each word occurs in are often given.
N-COUNT

concourse

[D.J.:ˈkɔnˌkɔ:s, -ˌkəʊrs, ˈkɔŋ-]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌkɔrs, -ˌkors, ˈkɑŋ-]

n.

宽敞的大厅,广场

聚集,汇集;群众

concourse

1. concourse concourses
A concourse is a wide hall in a public building, for example a hotel, airport, or station.
N-COUNT

2. concourse concourses
A concourse is a large group of people gathered together. (FORMAL)

- The great concourse of people seemed to have been similarly impressed.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= assembly

concrete

[D.J.:ˈkɔnkri:t]

[K.K.:kɑnˈkrit, kɑŋ-, ˈkɑnˌkrit, ˈkɑŋ-]

adj.

实体的, 有形的

确实的, 明确的, 确定的

n.

混凝土

concretely

adv.

具体地

concreting

n.

凝固,凝结

concrete ***

1. concrete
Concrete is a substance used for building which is made by mixing together cement, sand, small stones, and water.

- The posts have to be set in concrete.

- They had lain on sleeping bags on the concrete floor.

- ...concrete barriers.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. concrete concretes concreting concreted
When you concrete something such as a path, you cover it with concrete.

- He merely cleared and concreted the floors.

VB

3. concrete
You use concrete to indicate that something is definite and specific.

- He had no concrete evidence.

- There were no concrete proposals on the table.

- I must have something to tell him. Something concrete.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. concretely

- ...by way of making their point more concretely.

ADV-GRADED: oft ADV with cl

5. concrete
A concrete object is a real, physical object.

- ...using concrete objects to teach addition and subtraction.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

6. concrete
A concrete noun is a noun that refers to a physical object rather than to a quality or idea.
ADJ: ADJ n
≠ abstract

7. concrete
If a plan or idea is set in concrete or embedded in concrete , it is fixed and cannot be changed.

- As Mr Blunkett emphasised, nothing is yet set in concrete.

PHR: v-link PHR

concrete

adjective

1.

specific

definite

explicit

2.

real

actual

factual

material

sensible

substantial

tangible

concrete jungle

concrete jungle concrete jungles
If you refer to a city or area as a concrete jungle , you mean that it has a lot of modern buildings and you think it is ugly or unpleasant to live in.
N-COUNT disapproval

concubine

[D.J.:ˈkɔŋkjəˌbaɪn, ˈkɔn-]

[K.K.:ˈkɑŋkjəˌbaɪn, ˈkɑn-]

n.

妾, 妃子

concubine

concubine concubines
In former times, a concubine was a woman who lived with and had a sexual relationship with a man of higher social rank without being married to him.
N-COUNT

concur

[D.J.:kənˈkɜ:]

[K.K.:kənˈkə..]

vi.

同意, 表示一致意见

同时发生

concurring

同时发生的,并发的

concur *

concur concurs concurring concurred
If one person concurs with another person, the two people agree. You can also say that two people concur . (FORMAL)

- Local feeling does not necessarily concur with the press.

- Daniels and Franklin concurred in an investigator's suggestion that the police be commended.

- Butler and Stone concur that the war threw people's lives into a moral relief.

- Four other judges concurred.

- After looking at the jug, Faulkner concurred that it was late Roman, third or fourth century.

- `It's not an agreeable state of affairs,' concurs Heitham.

V-RECIP
= agree

concur

verb

agree

acquiesce

assent

consent

concurrence

[D.J.:kənˈkɜ:rəns, -ˈkʌr-]

[K.K.:kənˈkə..rəns, -ˈkʌr-]

n.

同意,一致

同时发生或出现

concurrence

1. concurrence concurrences
Someone's concurrence is their agreement to something. (FORMAL)

- Any change ought not to be made without full discussion and the general concurrence of all concerned.

N-VAR: oft with poss
= agreement

2. concurrence concurrences
If there is a concurrence of two or more things, they happen at the same time.

- The concurrence of their disappearances had to be more than coincidental.

N-VAR

concurrent

[D.J.:kənˈkɜ:rənt, -ˈkʌr-]

[K.K.:kənˈkə..rənt, -ˈkʌr-]

adj.

同时存在(发生、完成)的

concurrently

adv.

同时地

concurrently

[D.J.:kənˈk ʌrəntlɪ]

[K.K.:kənˈkə..əntlɪ]

adv.

同时发生地,并存地

concurrent *

1. concurrent
Concurrent events or situations happen at the same time.

- Galerie St. Etienne is holding three concurrent exhibitions.

- He will actually be serving three concurrent five-year sentences.

- Concurrent with her acting career, Bron has managed to write two books of her own.

ADJ: usu ADJ n, also v-link ADJ with n, v-link ADJ

2. concurrently

- He was jailed for 33 months to run concurrently with a sentence he is already serving for burglary.

ADV: ADV with v

concussed

concussed
If someone is concussed , they lose consciousness or feel sick or confused because they have been hit hard on the head.

- My left arm is badly bruised and I was slightly concussed.

- He was badly winded and concussed.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

concussion

[D.J.:kənˈkʌʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈkʌʃən]

n.

震荡,脑震荡

冲击,震动

concussion

concussion concussions
If you suffer concussion after a blow to your head, you lose consciousness or feel sick or confused.

- Nicky was rushed to hospital with concussion.

- She fell off a horse and suffered a concussion.

N-VAR

condemn

[D.J.:kənˈdem]

[K.K.:kənˈdɛm]

vt.

谴责, 责备

判罪, 处刑

宣布…不能使用

迫使…陷于不幸的境地

condemned

[kənˈdemd]

adj.

被责难的,被宣告有罪的

condemn ***

1. condemn condemns condemning condemned
If you condemn something, you say that it is very bad and unacceptable.

- Political leaders united yesterday to condemn the latest wave of violence.

- Graham was right to condemn his players for lack of ability, attitude and application.

- ...a document that condemns sexism as a moral and social evil.

VB
= denounce ≠ endorse praise

2. condemn condemns condemning condemned
If someone is condemned to a punishment, they are given this punishment.

- He was condemned to life imprisonment.

- ...appeals by prisoners condemned to death.

VB: usu passive
= sentence

3. condemn condemns condemning condemned
If circumstances condemn you to an unpleasant situation, they make it certain that you will suffer in that way.

- Their lack of qualifications condemned them to a lifetime of boring, usually poorly-paid, work.

- He felt condemned to being alone.

- Mark was condemned to do most of the work.

VB
= doom

4. condemn condemns condemning condemned
If authorities condemn a building, they officially decide that it is not safe and must be pulled down or repaired.

- State officials said the court's ruling clears the way for proceedings to condemn buildings in the area.

VB

condemned *

1. condemned
A condemned man or woman is going to be executed.

- ...prison officers who had sat with the condemned man during his last days.

ADJ

2. condemned
A condemned building is in such a bad condition that it is not safe to live in, and so its owners are officially ordered to pull it down or repair it.

- They took over a condemned 1960s tower block last year for one night.

ADJ

condemn

verb

1.

disapprove

blame

censure

damn

denounce

reproach

reprove

upbraid

2.

sentence

convict

damn

doom

pass sentence on

condemnation

[D.J.:ˌkɔndemˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑndɛmˈneʃən]

n.

谴责

定罪,宣告有罪

谴责(或定罪)的理由

征用;没收

condemnation **

condemnation condemnations
Condemnation is the act of saying that something or someone is very bad and unacceptable.

- There was widespread condemnation of Saturday's killings.

- The raids have drawn a strong condemnation from the United Nations Security Council.

N-VAR: with supp, usu N of n

condemnation

noun

1.

disapproval

blame

censure

denunciation

reproach

reproof

stricture

2.

sentence

conviction

damnation

doom

judgment

condemnatory

[kənˈdemnətəri]

adj.

非难的,处罚的

condemnatory

condemnatory
Condemnatory means expressing strong disapproval. (FORMAL)

- He was justified in some of his condemnatory outbursts.

ADJ-GRADED

condemned cell

condemned cell condemned cells
A condemned cell is a prison cell for someone who is going to be executed. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

condensation

[D.J.:ˌkɔndenˈseɪʃən, -dən-]

[K.K.:ˌkɑndɛnˈseʃən, -dən-]

n.

冷凝,凝聚

冷凝液

节略,缩写

condensation

condensation
Condensation consists of small drops of water which form when warm water vapour or steam touches a cold surface such as a window.

- He used his sleeve to wipe the condensation off the glass.

N-UNCOUNT

condensation

noun

1.

distillation

liquefaction

precipitate

precipitation

2.

abridgment

contraction

digest

pr´ecis

synopsis

3.

concentration

compression

consolidation

crystallization

curtailment

reduction

condense

[D.J.:kənˈdens]

[K.K.:kənˈdɛns]

vt. & vi.

(使)变稠或变浓; 浓缩

(使)凝结

vt.

简说, 摘要, 简述

condensed

[D.J.:kənˈdenst]

[K.K.:kənˈdɛnst]

v.

浓缩

condenses

v.

浓缩

condensing

[kənˈdensiŋ]

n.

冷凝

condense *

1. condense condenses condensing condensed
If you condense something, especially a piece of writing or speech, you make it shorter, usually by including only the most important parts.

- We have learnt how to condense serious messages into short, self-contained sentences.

- The English translation may have been condensed into a single more readable book.

VB

2. condense condenses condensing condensed
When a gas or vapour condenses , or is condensed it changes into a liquid.

- Water vapour condenses to form clouds.

- The compressed gas is cooled and condenses into a liquid.

- As the air rises it becomes colder and moisture condenses out of it.

V-ERG

condensed

1. condensed
A condensed book, explanation, or piece of information has been made shorter, usually by including only the most important parts.

- The Council was merely given a condensed version of what had already been disclosed in Washington.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. condensed
Condensed liquids have been made thicker by removing some of the water in them.

- ...condensed mushroom soup.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= concentrated

condense

verb

1.

abridge

abbreviate

compress

concentrate

epitomize

shorten

summarize

2.

concentrate

boil down

reduce

thicken

condensed

adjective

1.

abridged

compressed

concentrated

shortened

shrunken

slimmed-down

summarized

2.

concentrated

boiled down

reduced

thickened

condensed milk

condensed milk
Condensed milk is very thick sweetened milk that is sold in cans.
N-UNCOUNT

condenser

[D.J.:kənˈdensə]

[K.K.:kənˈdɛnsɚ]

n.

冷凝器

(尤指汽车发动机内的)电容器

condenser

1. condenser condensers
A condenser is a device that cools gases into liquids.
N-COUNT

2. condenser condensers
A condenser is a device for accumulating electric charge.
N-COUNT
= capacitor

condescend

[D.J.:ˌkɔndɪˈsend]

[K.K.:ˌkɑndɪˈsɛnd]

vi.

屈尊, 俯就

故意表示和蔼可亲

condescending

[D.J.:ˌkɔndɪˈsendɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˌkɑndɪˈsɛndɪŋ]

adj.

降低身份的,屈尊的

高傲的；傲慢的

condescend

1. condescend condescends condescending condescended
If someone condescends to do something, they agree to do it, but in a way which shows that they think they are better than other people and should not have to do it.

- When he condescended to speak, he contradicted himself three or four times in the space of half an hour.

VB disapproval

2. condescend condescends condescending condescended
If you say that someone condescends to other people, you are showing your disapproval of the fact that they behave in a way which shows that they think they are superior to other people.

- Don't condescend to me.

VB disapproval

condescending

1. condescending
If you say that someone is condescending , you are showing your disapproval of the fact that they talk or behave in a way which shows that they think they are superior to other people.

- I'm fed up with your money and your whole condescending attitude.

- They can be a bit condescending.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. condescendingly

- `The practical work you did for us in Brazil was of great value,' he went on condescendingly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

condescend

verb

1.

patronize

talk down to

2.

lower oneself

bend

deign

humble or demean oneself

see fit

stoop

condescending

adjective

patronizing

disdainful

lofty

lordly

snobbish

snooty informal

supercilious

superior

toffee-nosed slang chiefly Brit.

condescension

[D.J.:ˌkɔndɪˈsenʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑndɪˈsɛnʃən]

n.

<正>屈尊;俯就

condescension

condescension
Condescension is condescending behaviour.

- There was a tinge of condescension in the way the girl received me.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

condiment

[D.J.:ˈkɔndimənt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑndəmənt]

n.

调味品, 佐料

condiments

n.

调味品

condiment

condiment condiments
A condiment is a substance such as salt, pepper, or mustard that you add to food when you eat it in order to improve the flavour.
N-COUNT

condition

[D.J.:kənˈdiʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈdɪʃən]

n.

状况, 状态; 地位

健康状况, 可使用的状况

条件, 先决条件

环境, 情况

疾病

vt.

制约, 限制

使习惯于, 使适应

conditioned

[D.J.:kənˈdiʃənd]

[K.K.:kənˈdɪʃənd]

adj.

有条件的,习惯于…的

conditioning

[D.J.:kənˈdiʃəniŋ]

[K.K.:kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ]

n.

条件作用；训练；健身训练

conditions

条件

condition *****

1. condition
If you talk about the condition of a person or thing, you are talking about the state that they are in, especially how good or bad their physical state is.

- He remains in a critical condition in a California hospital.

- I received several compliments on the condition of my skin.

- The two-bedroom chalet is in good condition.

- You can't drive in that condition.

N-SING: also no det, with supp

2. condition conditions
The conditions under which something is done or happens are all the factors or circumstances which directly affect it.

- This change has been timed under laboratory conditions.

- In ideal conditions, a devaluation will work by putting up the prices of imported goods while boosting exports.

- The conditions are ripe for the spread of disease.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp

3. condition conditions
The conditions in which people live or work are the factors which affect their comfort, safety, or health.

- People are living in appalling conditions.

- He could not work in these conditions any longer.

- The conditions in the camp are just awful.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp

4. condition
The condition of a group of people is their situation in life, especially with regard to the difficulties they have. (FORMAL)

- The condition of the people could be elevated by a programme of social reform.

- The government has encouraged its people to better their condition.

- ...the human condition.

N-SING: with supp

5. condition conditions
A condition is something which must happen or be done in order for something else to be possible, especially when this is written into a contract or law.

- Argentina failed to hit the economic targets set as a condition for loan payments.

- ...terms and conditions of employment...

- Egypt had agreed to a summit subject to certain conditions.

N-COUNT: with supp
= requirement

6. condition conditions
If someone has a particular condition , they have an illness or other medical problem.

- Doctors suspect he may have a heart condition.

- ...a rare condition that causes degeneration of the brain tissue.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= complaint

7. condition conditions conditioning conditioned
If someone is conditioned by their experiences or environment, they are influenced by them over a period of time so that they do certain things or think in a particular way.

- We are all conditioned by early impressions and experiences.

- You have been conditioned to believe that it is weak to be scared.

- I just feel women are conditioned into doing housework.

- ...a conditioned response.

VB: usu passive

8. conditioning

- Because of social conditioning, men don't expect themselves to be managed by women.

N-UNCOUNT

9. condition conditions conditioning conditioned
To condition your hair or skin means to put something on it which will keep it in good condition.

- ...a protein which is excellent for conditioning dry and damaged hair.

VB

10. condition
If you say that someone is in no condition to do something, you mean that they are too ill, upset, or drunk to do it.

- She was clearly in no condition to see anyone.

PHR: v-link PHR, usu PHR to-inf
= unfit

11. condition
When you agree to do something on condition that something else happens, you mean that you will only do it if this other thing also happens.

- He spoke to reporters on condition that he was not identified.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

12. condition
If someone is out of condition , they are unhealthy and unfit, because they do not do enough exercise.

- He was too out of condition to clamber over the top.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
= unfit

condition

noun

1.

state

circumstances

lie of the land

position

shape

situation

state of affairs

2.

requirement

limitation

prerequisite

proviso

qualification

restriction

rider

stipulation

terms

3.

health

fettle

fitness

kilter

order

shape

state of health

trim

4.

ailment

complaint

infirmity

malady

problem

weakness

verb

5.

accustom

adapt

equip

prepare

ready

tone up

train

work out

conditions

plural noun

circumstances

environment

milieu

situation

surroundings

way of life

conditional

[D.J.:kənˈdɪʃənəl]

[K.K.:kənˈdɪʃənəl]

adj.

依赖某事物的

有条件的, 受制约的

conditionally

adv.

有条件地

conditional *

1. conditional
If a situation or agreement is conditional on something, it will only happen or continue if this thing happens.

- Their support is conditional on his proposals meeting their approval.

- ...a conditional offer.

- ...a conditional ceasefire.

ADJ: oft ADJ on n/-ing

2. conditionally

- Mr Smith has conditionally agreed to buy a shareholding in the club.

ADV: ADV with v

3. conditional
In grammar, a conditional clause is a subordinate clause which refers to a situation which may exist or whose possible consequences you are considering. Most conditional clauses begin with `if' or `unless', for example `If that happens, we'll be in big trouble' and `You don't have to come unless you want to'.
ADJ: ADJ n

conditional

adjective

dependent

contingent

limited

provisional

qualified

subject to

with reservations

conditional discharge

conditional discharge conditional discharges
If someone who is convicted of an offence is given a conditional discharge by a court, they are not punished unless they later commit a further offence. (BRIT, LEGAL)
N-COUNT: usu sing

conditioner

[D.J.:kənˈdiʃənə]

[K.K.:kənˈdɪʃənɚ]

n.

调理的物品或物质; 护发素

conditioner *

1. conditioner conditioners
A conditioner is a substance which you can put on your hair after you have washed it to make it softer.
N-MASS

2. conditioner conditioners
A conditioner is a thick liquid which you can use when you wash clothes in order to make them feel softer.

- Using a fabric conditioner will make clothes easier to handle and iron.

N-MASS: oft n N

condo

[D.J.:ˈkɔnˌdəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌdo]

n.

<口>各户有独立产权的公寓(大楼)

condo

condo condos
Condo means the same as condominium . (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

condolence

[D.J.:kənˈdəʊləns]

[K.K.:kənˈdoləns]

n.

同情;吊唁

condolence *

1. condolence
A message of condolence is a message in which you express your sympathy for someone because one of their friends or relatives has died recently.

- Neil sent him a letter of condolence.

N-UNCOUNT

2. condolence condolences
When you offer or express your condolences to someone, you express your sympathy for them because one of their friends or relatives has died recently.

- He expressed his condolences to the families of the people who died in the incident.

N-PLURAL

condom

[D.J.:ˈkɔndəm, ˈkʌn-]

[K.K.:ˈkɑndəm, ˈkʌn-]

n.

(男用)避孕套,保险套

condom **

condom condoms
A condom is a covering made of thin rubber which a man can wear on his penis as a contraceptive or as protection against disease during sexual intercourse.
N-COUNT

condominium

[D.J.:ˌkɔndəˈmɪni:əm]

[K.K.:ˌkɑndəˈmɪniəm]

n.

(由另两国或多国)共管的国家

(产权为居住者自有的)公寓(的单元)

condominium *

1. condominium condominiums
A condominium is an apartment building in which each apartment is owned by the person who lives there. (AM)
N-COUNT

2. condominium condominiums
A condominium is one of the privately owned apartments in a condominium. (AM)
N-COUNT

condonation

[D.J.:kɔndəuˈneiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑndəˈneʃən, -do-]

n.

宽恕,赎罪

condone

[D.J.:kənˈdəʊn]

[K.K.:kənˈdon]

vt.

容忍,宽恕,原谅

condonation

n.

容忍,宽恕,原谅

condone *

condone condones condoning condoned
If someone condones behaviour that is morally wrong, they accept it and allow it to happen.

- I have never encouraged nor condoned violence.

- I couldn't condone what she was doing.

VB: oft with brd-neg
≠ condemn

condone

verb

overlook

excuse

forgive

let pass

look the other way

make allowance for

pardon

turn a blind eye to

condor

[D.J.:ˈkɔnˌdɔ:, -də]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌdɔr, -dɚ]

n.

<动>神鹰

condor *

condor condors
A condor is a large South American bird that eats the meat of dead animals.
N-COUNT

conducive

[D.J.:kənˈdju:siv]

[K.K.:kənˈdusɪv, -ˈdju-]

adj.

导致…的, 有助于…的

conducive *

conducive
If one thing is conducive to another thing, it makes the other thing likely to happen.

- Make your bedroom as conducive to sleep as possible.

- Sometimes the home environment just isn't conducive to reading.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to n/-ing

conduct

[D.J.:kənˈdʌkt]

[K.K.:kənˈdʌkt]

vt. & vi.

引导, 带领, 担任指挥

控制, 管理

传导

[ˈkɔndʌkt]

n.

举止, 行为

管理(方式), 实施(方式)

conduct ****

1. conduct conducts conducting conducted
When you conduct an activity or task, you organize it and carry it out.

- I decided to conduct an experiment.

- He said they were conducting a campaign against democrats across the country.

- The council conducted a survey of the uses to which farm buildings are put.

VB
= carry out

2. conduct
The conduct of a task or activity is the way in which it is organized and carried out.

- Also up for discussion will be the conduct of free and fair elections.

- The Conservative Party did not in the main disagree with Bevin's conduct of foreign policy.

N-SING: with supp

3. conduct conducts conducting conducted
If you conduct yourself in a particular way, you behave in that way.

- The way he conducts himself reflects on the party and will increase criticisms against him.

- Most people believe they conduct their private and public lives in accordance with Christian morality.

VB

4. conduct
Someone's conduct is the way they behave in particular situations.

- For Europeans, the law is a statement of basic principles of civilised conduct.

- He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and his conduct.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp
= behaviour

5. conduct conducts conducting conducted
When someone conducts an orchestra or choir, they stand in front of it and direct its performance.

- Dennis had recently begun a successful career conducting opera in Europe.

- Solti will continue to conduct here and abroad.

- At the Curtis Institute he studied conducting with Fritz Reiner.

VB

6. conduct conducts conducted
If something conducts heat or electricity, it allows heat or electricity to pass through it or along it.

- Water conducts heat faster than air.

VB: no cont

7. conduct conducts conducting conducted
If you conduct someone to a place, you go there with them. (FORMAL)

- He asked if he might conduct us to the ball which was to bring the proceedings to an end.

VB
See also safe-conduct .

conduct

noun

1.

behaviour

attitude

bearing

demeanour

deportment

manners

ways

2.

management

administration

control

direction

guidance

handling

organization

running

supervision

verb

3.

carry out

administer

control

direct

handle

manage

organize

preside over

run

supervise

4.

behave

acquit

act

carry

comport

deport

5.

accompany

convey

escort

guide

lead

steer

usher

conducted tour

conducted tour conducted tours
A conducted tour is a visit to a building, town, or area during which someone goes with you and explains everything to you.
N-COUNT
= guided tour

conduction

[D.J.:kənˈdʌkʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈdʌkʃən]

n.

(热、电等的)传导,导热,导电

conduction

conduction
Conduction is the process by which heat or electricity passes through or along something. (TECHNICAL)

- Temperature becomes uniform by heat conduction until finally a permanent state is reached.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

conductive

[D.J.:kənˈdʌktiv]

[K.K.:kənˈdʌktɪv]

adj.

传导的

conductivity

[D.J.:ˌkɔndʌkˈtɪvɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌkɑndʌkˈtɪvɪti]

n.

传导性;传导率;电导率

conductive

1. conductive
A conductive substance is able to conduct things such as heat and electricity. (TECHNICAL)

- Salt water is much more conductive than fresh water is.

ADJ-GRADED

2. conductivity

- ...a device which monitors the electrical conductivity of the skin.

N-UNCOUNT

conductor

[D.J.:kənˈdʌktə]

[K.K.:kənˈdʌktɚ]

n.

(乐队)指挥

售票员, 列车长

〈电〉导体

conductor **

1. conductor conductors
A conductor is a person who stands in front of an orchestra or choir and directs its performance.
N-COUNT

2. conductor conductors
On a bus, the conductor is the person whose job is to sell tickets to the passengers.
N-COUNT

3. conductor conductors
On a train, a conductor is a person whose job is travel on the train in order to help passengers and check tickets. (AM; in BRIT use guard )
N-COUNT

4. conductor conductors
A conductor is a substance that heat or electricity can pass through or along.
N-COUNT
See also lightning conductor , semiconductor .

conduit

[D.J.:ˈkɔndit]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnduɪt, -dɪt]

n.

〈电〉管道, 水管, 导电管

conduit *

1. conduit conduits
A conduit is a small tunnel, pipe, or channel through which water or electrical wires go.
N-COUNT
= pipe

2. conduit conduits
A conduit is a person or country that links two or more other people or countries.

- Pakistan became a conduit for drugs produced in Afghanistan.

N-COUNT: oft N for/to n

cone

[D.J.:kəun]

[K.K.:kon]

n.

圆锥体

圆锥形东西

球果

cones

[kəunz]

n.

(人眼)圆锥细胞

cone *

1. cone cones
A cone is a shape with a circular base and smooth curved sides ending in a point at the top.
N-COUNT

2. cone cones
A cone is the fruit of a tree such as a pine or fir.

- ...a bowl of fir cones.

N-COUNT

3. cone cones
A cone is a thin, cone-shaped biscuit that is used for holding ice cream. You can also refer to an ice cream that you eat in this way as a cone .

- She stopped by the ice-cream shop and had a chocolate cone.

N-COUNT
= cornet

confection

[D.J.:kənˈfekʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈfɛkʃən]

n.

甜食,糕点

confection

1. confection confections
You can refer to a sweet food that someone has made as a confection . (WRITTEN)

- ...a confection made with honey and nuts.

N-COUNT

2. confection confections
A confection is something that has been made or built and is very complicated or decorated. (WRITTEN)

- He found himself staring at an extraordinary architectural confection of old and new.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

confectioner

[D.J.:kənˈfekʃənə]

[K.K.:kənˈfɛkʃənɚ]

n.

糖果制造人,糖果店

confectioner

confectioner confectioners
A confectioner is a person whose job is making or selling sweets and chocolates.
N-COUNT

confectioners' sugar

confectioners' sugar
Confectioners' sugar is very fine white sugar that is used for making icing and candy. (AM; in BRIT use icing sugar )
N-UNCOUNT

confectionery

[D.J.:kənˈfekʃəˌneri:]

[K.K.:kənˈfɛkʃəˌnɛri]

n.

甜食

confectionery

confectionery
Confectionery is sweets and chocolates. (WRITTEN)

- ...hand-made confectionery.

N-UNCOUNT
= sweets

confederacy

[D.J.:kənˈfedərəsi:]

[K.K.:kənˈfɛdərəsi]

n.

(尤指国家之间的)联盟,同盟

confederacy

confederacy confederacies
A confederacy is a union of states or people who are trying to achieve the same thing.

- They've entered this new confederacy because the central government's been unable to control the collapsing economy.

N-COUNT

confederacy

noun

union

alliance

coalition

confederation

federation

league

confederate

[D.J.:kənˈfedərɪt]

[K.K.:kənˈfɛdərɪt]

adj.

联盟的,同盟的,邦联的

n.

同伙,合谋者,同党

[D.J.: kənˈfedəreɪt]

[K.K.: kənˈfɛdəˌret]

vt. & vi.

(使)(为共同利益与)联合,结盟

confederate *

confederate confederates
Someone's confederates are the people they are working with in a secret activity.
N-COUNT
= accomplice

confederation

[D.J.:kənˌfedəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:kənˌfɛdəˈreʃən]

n.

结盟

同盟,联邦

confederation **

confederation confederations
A confederation is an organization or group consisting of smaller groups or states, especially one that exists for business or political purposes.

- ...the Confederation of Indian Industry.

- ...plans to partition the republic into a confederation of mini-states.

N-COUNT: oft in names, oft N of n

confer

[D.J.:kənˈfə:]

[K.K.:kənˈfɚ]

vi.

〈拉〉商谈, 商议

vt.

授予, 赋予

confer *

1. confer confers conferring conferred
When you confer with someone, you discuss something with them in order to make a decision. You can also say that two people confer .

- He conferred with Hill and the others in his office.

- His doctors conferred by telephone and agreed that he must get away from his family for a time.

V-RECIP

2. confer confers conferring conferred
To confer something such as power or an honour on someone means to give it to them. (FORMAL)

- The constitution also confers large powers on Brazil's 25 constituent states.

- An honorary doctorate of law was conferred on him by Newcastle University in 1976.

- Never imagine that rank confers genuine authority.

VB

confer

verb

1.

discuss

consult

converse

deliberate

discourse

talk

2.

grant

accord

award

bestow

give

hand out

present

conference

[D.J.:ˈkɔnfərəns]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnfərəns, -frəns]

n.

会议

讨论, 商谈

conference *****

1. conference conferences
A conference is a meeting, often lasting a few days, which is organized on a particular subject or to bring together people who have a common interest.

- The President took the unprecedented step of summoning all the state governors to a conference on education.

- ...the Conservative Party conference...

- Last weekend the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland held a conference, attended by 450 delegates.

N-COUNT

2. conference conferences
A conference is a meeting at which formal discussions take place.

- They sat down at the dinner table, as they always did, before the meal, for a conference.

- Her employer was in conference with two lawyers and did not want to be interrupted.

N-COUNT: also in N

conference

noun

meeting

colloquium

congress

consultation

convention

discussion

forum

seminar

symposium

confess

[D.J.:kənˈfes]

[K.K.:kənˈfɛs]

vt. & vi.

承认, 供认

vt.

听…忏悔

confessed

[D.J.:kənˈfest]

adj.

众所周知的, 已承认的

confess **

1. confess confesses confessing confessed
If someone confesses to doing something wrong, they admit that they did it.

- He had confessed to seventeen murders.

- Her husband confessed to having had an affair.

- I had expected her to confess that she only wrote these books for the money.

- Most rape victims confess a feeling of helplessness.

- Ray changed his mind, claiming that he had been forced into confessing.

- `I played a very bad match,' he confessed.

VB
= admit ≠ deny

2. confess confesses confessing confessed
If someone confesses or confesses their sins, they tell God or a priest about their sins so that they can be forgiven.

- You just go to the church and confess your sins.

- Once we have confessed our failures and mistakes to God, we should stop feeling guilty.

VB

3. confess
You use expressions like ` I confess ', ` I must confess ', or ` I have to confess ' to apologize slightly for admitting something you are ashamed of or that you think might offend or annoy someone.

- I confess it's got me baffled.

- I must confess I'm not a great enthusiast for long political programmes.

PHR: PHR with cl politeness
= admit

confessed *

confessed
You use confessed to describe someone who openly admits that they have a particular fault or have done something wrong.

- James Earl Ray Jr has become notorious as the confessed killer of Martin Luther King.

ADJ: ADJ n
= self-confessed

confess

verb

1.

admit

acknowledge

come clean informal

concede

confide

disclose

divulge

own up

2.

declare

affirm

assert

confirm

profess

reveal

confession

[D.J.:kənˈfeʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈfɛʃən]

n.

承认;自首, 供认

声明, 表白(指宗教信仰)

(向神父的)忏悔, 告解

confession **

1. confession confessions
A confession is a signed statement by someone in which they admit that they have committed a particular crime.

- They forced him to sign a confession.

N-COUNT

2. confession confessions
Confession is the act of admitting that you have done something that you are ashamed of or embarrassed about.

- The diaries are a mixture of confession and observation.

- I have a confession to make.

N-VAR

3. confession confessions
If you make a confession of your beliefs or feelings, you publicly tell people that this is what you believe or feel.

- ...Tatyana's confession of love.

N-VAR: usu N of n
= declaration

4. confession confessions
In the Catholic church and in some other churches, if you go to confession , you privately tell a priest about your sins and ask for forgiveness.

- He never went to Father Porter for confession again.

N-VAR

confession

noun

admission

acknowledgment

disclosure

exposure

revelation

unbosoming

confessional

[D.J.:kənˈfeʃənəl]

[K.K.:kənˈfɛʃənəl]

n.

(教堂内的)告解室

confessional *

1. confessional confessionals
A confessional is the small room in a church where Christians, especially Roman Catholics, go to confess their sins.
N-COUNT

2. confessional
A confessional speech or writing contains confessions.

- The convictions rest solely on disputed witness and confessional statements.

- Their first album was painfully frank to the point of being confessional.

ADJ-GRADED

3. confessional confessionals
A confessional is a statement or meeting in which people confess things.

- In regular group confessionals, the worst performers have to explain themselves to their peers.

N-COUNT

confessor

[D.J.:kənˈfesə]

[K.K.:kənˈfɛsɚ]

n.

自白者,为信教而被迫害的教徒

confessor

1. confessor confessors
A confessor is a priest who hears a person's confession.
N-COUNT

2. confessor confessors
If you describe someone as your confessor , you mean that they are the person you can talk to about your secrets or problems.

- He had listened in his role of father confessor, increasingly concerned as he sensed her pain.

N-COUNT

confetti

[D.J.:kənˈfeti:]

[K.K.:kənˈfɛti]

n.

(婚礼时撒在新娘新郎身上的)五彩纸屑

confetti

confetti
Confetti is small pieces of coloured paper that people throw over the bride and bridegroom at a wedding.
N-UNCOUNT

confidant

[D.J.:ˌkɔnfiˈdænt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnfɪˌdænt, -ˌdɑnt, ˌkɑnfɪˈdænt, -ˈdɑnt]

n.

心腹朋友,知己

confidant

confidant confidants
Someone's confidant is a man who they are able to discuss their private problems with.

- ...a close confidant of the president.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

confidant confidante

noun

close friend

alter ego

bosom friend

crony

familiar

intimate

confidante

[D.J.:ˌkɔnfiˈdænt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnfɪˌdænt, -ˌdɑnt, ˌkɑnfɪˈdænt, -ˈdɑnt]

n.

知己的女友

confidante

confidante confidantes
Someone's confidante is a woman who they are able to discuss their private problems with.

- You are her closest friend and confidante.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

confide

[D.J.:kənˈfaid]

[K.K.:kənˈfaɪd]

vt.

吐露(秘密, 心事等)

confiding

[D.J.:kənˈfaidiŋ]

[K.K.:kənˈfaɪdɪŋ]

adj.

相信人的,易于相信的

confide *

1. confide confides confiding confided
If you confide in someone, you tell them a secret.

- I knew she had some fundamental problems in her marriage because she had confided in me a year earlier.

- He confided to me that he felt like he was being punished.

- On New Year's Eve he confided that he had suffered rather troubling chest pains.

- I confided my worries to Michael.

VB

2. confiding

- Ford's letters to her are fond and confiding.

ADJ-GRADED

confide

verb

1.

tell

admit

confess

disclose

divulge

impart

reveal

whisper

2.

entrust

commend

commit

consign

confidence

[D.J.:ˈkɔnfidəns]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnfɪdəns]

n.

信任

信心, 自信

知心话, 私房话

confidence ****

1. confidence
If you have confidence in someone, you feel that you can trust them.

- I have every confidence in you.

- This has contributed to the lack of confidence in the police.

- His record on ceasefires inspires no confidence.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N in n
= faith

2. confidence
If you have confidence , you feel sure about your abilities, qualities, or ideas.

- The band is on excellent form and brimming with confidence.

- I always thought the worst of myself and had no confidence whatsoever.

N-UNCOUNT
= self-assurance

3. confidence
If you can say something with confidence , you feel certain it is correct.

- I can say with confidence that such rumors were totally groundless.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with N

4. confidence
If you take someone into your confidence , you tell them a secret.

- We told you all these things in confidence.

- Even telling Lois seemed a betrayal of confidence.

- If your daughter takes you into her confidence, don't rush off to tell your husband.

PHR: V inflects
= confide in

5. confidence confidences
A confidence is a secret that you tell someone.

- Gregory shared confidences with Carmen.

N-COUNT

confidence

noun Formal

1.

trust

belief

credence

dependence

faith

reliance

2.

self-assurance

aplomb

assurance

boldness

courage

firmness

nerve

self-possession

in confidence

3.

in secrecy

between you and me (and the gatepost)

confidentially

privately

confidence game

confidence game confidence games
A confidence game is the same as a confidence trick . (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

confidence man

confidence man confidence men
A confidence man is a man who persuades people to give him their money or property by lying to them. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT
= con man

confidence trick

confidence trick confidence tricks
A confidence trick is a trick in which someone deceives you by telling you something that is not true, often to trick you out of money. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use confidence game )
N-COUNT

confident

[D.J.:ˈkɔnfidənt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnfɪdənt]

adj.

确信的, 肯定的

有信心的, 自信的

confidently

[D.J.:ˈk ɔnfədəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈk ɑnfədəntlɪ]

adv.

确信地；肯定地

自信地

confident ***

1. confident
If you are confident about something, you are certain that it will happen in the way you want it to.

- I am confident that everything will come out right in time.

- Mr Ryan is confident of success.

- Management is confident about the way business is progressing.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ that, ADJ prep
≠ sceptical

2. confidently

- I can confidently promise that this year is going to be very different.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. confident
If a person or their manner is confident , they feel sure about their own abilities, qualities, or ideas.

- In time he became more confident and relaxed.

- She is a confident woman who is certain of her views.

ADJ-GRADED
= assured

4. confidently

- She walked confidently across the hall.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

5. confident
If you are confident that something is true, you are sure that it is true. A confident statement is one that the speaker is sure is true.

- She is confident that everybody is on her side.

- `Bet you I can', comes the confident reply.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ that

6. confidently

- I can confidently say that none of them were or are racist.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

confident

adjective

1.

certain

convinced

counting on

positive

satisfied

secure

sure

2.

self-assured

assured

bold

dauntless

fearless

self-reliant

confidential

[D.J.:ˌkɔnfiˈdenʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnfɪˈdɛnʃəl]

adj.

秘密的, 机密的

表示信任或亲密的

担任机密工作的

confidentiality

n.

机密性

confidentially

[D.J.:ˌk ɔnfɪˈdenʃəlɪ]

[K.K.:k ɑnfəˈd ɛnʃəlɪ]

adv.

秘密地

亲密地;十分信任地

confidential **

1. confidential
Information that is confidential is meant to be kept secret or private.

- She accused them of leaking confidential information about her private life.

- We'll take good care and keep what you've told us strictly confidential, Mr. Lane.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ public

2. confidentially

- People can phone in the knowledge that any information they give will be treated confidentially.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= privately

3. confidentiality

- ...the confidentiality of the client-solicitor relationship.

N-UNCOUNT

4. confidential
If you talk to someone in a confidential way, you talk to them quietly because what you are saying is secret or private.

- `Look,' he said in a confidential tone, `I want you to know that me and Joey are cops.'.

- His face suddenly turned solemn, his voice confidential.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. confidentially

- Nash hadn't raised his voice, still spoke rather softly, confidentially.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

confidentially

confidentially
Confidentially is used to say that what you are telling someone is a secret and should not be discussed with anyone else.

- Confidentially, I am not sure that it wasn't above their heads.

ADV: ADV with cl
= between us

See also confidential .

confidential

adjective

secret

classified

hush-hush informal

intimate

off the record

private

privy

confidentially

adverb

in secret

behind closed doors

between ourselves

in camera

in confidence

personally

privately

sub rosa

configuration

[D.J.:kənˌfiɡjuˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:kənˌfɪɡjəˈreʃən]

n.

构造, 形状, 外貌, 轮廓

configuration *

configuration configurations
A configuration is an arrangement of a group of things. (FORMAL)

- ...Stonehenge, in south-western England, an ancient configuration of giant stones.

N-COUNT

confine

[D.J.:kənˈfain]

[K.K.:kənˈfaɪn]

vt.

限制; 局限于

禁闭; 管制; 关起来

n.

界限, 范围

confined

[D.J.:kənˈfaɪnd]

[K.K.:kənˈfaɪnd]

adj.

(指空间)有限的, 受限制的

confines

[D.J.:ˈkɔnfaɪnz]

[K.K.: ˈkɑnfaɪnz]

n.

境界

限度;范围

区域

confining

[kənˈfainiŋ]

n.

限制的;拘束的;狭窄的;偏狭的

confine **

1. confine confines confining confined
To confine something to a particular place or group means to prevent it from spreading beyond that place or group.

- Health officials have successfully confined the epidemic to the Tabatinga area.

- The US will soon be taking steps to confine the conflict.

VB
= restrict

2. confine confines confining confined
If you confine yourself or your activities to something, you do only that thing and are involved with nothing else.

- He did not confine himself to the one language.

- Yoko had largely confined her activities to the world of big business.

- His genius was not confined to the decoration of buildings.

VB
= limit restrict

3. confine confines confining confined
If someone is confined to a mental institution, prison, or other place, they are sent there and are not allowed to leave for a period of time.

- The woman will be confined to a mental institution.

- He announced that the army and police had been confined to barracks.

VB: usu passive

4. confine confines
Something that is within the confines of an area or place is within the boundaries enclosing it. (FORMAL)

- The movie is set entirely within the confines of the abandoned factory.

- ...the wild grass and weeds that grew in the confines of the grandstand.

N-PLURAL: usu prep the N of n

5. confine confines
The confines of a situation, system, or activity are the limits or restrictions it involves.

- ...away from the confines of the British class system...

- I can't stand the confines of this marriage.

N-PLURAL: usu the N of n
= constraint

confined **

1. confined
If something is confined to a particular place, it exists only in that place. If it is confined to a particular group, only members of that group have it.

- The problem is not confined to Germany.

- These dangers are not confined to smokers.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n
= restricted

2. confined
A confined space or area is small and enclosed by walls.

- His long legs bent up in the confined space.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. confined
If someone is confined to a wheelchair, bed, or house, they have to stay there, because they are disabled or ill.

- He had been confined to a wheelchair since childhood.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n

confine

verb

restrict

cage

enclose

hem in

hold back

imprison

incarcerate

intern

keep

limit

shut up

confines

plural noun

limits

boundaries

bounds

circumference

edge

precincts

confinement

[D.J.:kənˈfaɪnmənt]

[K.K.:kənˈfaɪnmənt]

n.

限制,被监禁

分娩

confinement *

1. confinement
Confinement is the state of being forced to stay in a prison or another place which you cannot leave.

- She had been held in solitary confinement for four months.

- He'd obviously kept himself fit despite his years of confinement.

N-UNCOUNT

2. confinement confinements
A woman's confinement is the period of time just before and during which she gives birth to a child. (FORMAL)

- There has been a movement to support women seeking home confinement.

N-VAR
= labour

confinement

noun

1.

imprisonment

custody

detention

incarceration

internment

porridge slang

2.

childbirth

childbed

labour

lying-in

parturition

confirm

[D.J.:kənˈfə:m]

[K.K.:kənˈfɚm]

vt.

证实, 证明; 肯定, 确认

使巩固, 加强

批准; 认可

confirmation

[D.J.:ˌkɔnfəˈmeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnfɚˈmeʃən]

n.

证实,证据,确认

(基督教中的)坚信礼

confirmed

[D.J.:kənˈfɜ:md]

[K.K.:kənˈfə..md]

adj.

成为习惯的,根深蒂固的

confirm ****

1. confirm confirms confirmed
If something confirms what you believe, suspect, or fear, it shows that it is definitely true.

- X-rays have confirmed that he has not broken any bones.

- These new statistics confirm our worst fears about the depth of the recession.

- This confirms what I suspected all along.

VB: no cont
= affirm

2. confirmation

- They took her resignation from Bendix as confirmation of their suspicions.

N-UNCOUNT
= affirmation

3. confirm confirms confirming confirmed
If you confirm something that has been stated or suggested, you say that it is true because you know about it.

- The spokesman confirmed that the area was now in rebel hands.

- He confirmed what had long been feared.

- Can you confirm this?

VB

4. confirmation

- She glanced over at James for confirmation.

N-UNCOUNT

5. confirm confirms confirming confirmed
If you confirm an arrangement or appointment, you say that it is definite, usually in a letter or on the telephone.

- You make the reservation, and I'll confirm it in writing.

VB

6. confirmation

- Travel arrangements are subject to confirmation by State Tourist Organisations.

N-UNCOUNT

7. confirm confirms confirming confirmed
If someone is confirmed , they are formally accepted as a member of a Christian church during a ceremony in which they say they believe what the church teaches.

- He was confirmed as a member of the Church of England.

VB: usu passive

8. confirmation confirmations

- ...when I was being prepared for Confirmation...

- Flu prevented her from attending her daughter's confirmation.

N-VAR

9. confirm confirms confirmed
If something confirms you in your decision, belief, or opinion, it makes you think that you are definitely right.

- It has confirmed me in my decision not to become a nun.

VB: no cont
= strengthen

10. confirm confirms confirming confirmed
If someone confirms their position, role, or power, they do something to make their power, position, or role stronger or more definite.

- Williams has confirmed his position as the world's number one snooker player.

VB

11. confirm confirms confirming confirmed
If something confirms you as something, it shows that you definitely deserve a name, role, or position.

- His new role could confirm him as one of our leading actors.

VB

confirmed *

confirmed
You use confirmed to describe someone who has a particular habit or belief that they are very unlikely to change.

- I'm a confirmed bachelor.

- Leonard, a confirmed atheist, simply could not understand.

ADJ: ADJ n

confirm

verb

1.

prove

authenticate

bear out

corroborate

endorse

ratify

substantiate

validate

verify

2.

strengthen

buttress

establish

fix

fortify

reinforce

confirmation

noun

1.

proof

authentication

corroboration

evidence

substantiation

testimony

validation

verification

2.

sanction

acceptance

agreement

approval

assent

endorsement

ratification

confirmed

adjective

long-established

chronic

dyed-in-the-wool

habitual

hardened

ingrained

inveterate

seasoned

confiscate

[D.J.:ˈkɔnfiskeit]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnfɪˌsket]

vt.

没收, 充公

confiscation

n.

没收,充公,征用

confiscate *

1. confiscate confiscates confiscating confiscated
If you confiscate something from someone, you take it away from them, usually as a punishment.

- There is concern that police use the law to confiscate assets from people who have committed minor offences.

- They confiscated weapons, ammunition and propaganda material.

VB
= seize

2. confiscation confiscations

- The new laws allow the confiscation of assets purchased with proceeds of the drugs trade.

N-VAR: oft N of n
= seizure

confiscate

verb

seize

appropriate

commandeer

impound

sequester

sequestrate

confiscation

noun

seizure

appropriation

forfeiture

impounding

sequestration

takeover

confit

confit confits
Confit is meat such as goose or duck which has been cooked and preserved in its own fat.

- ...confit of duck.

N-MASS

conflagration

[D.J.:ˌkɔnfləˈgreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnfləˈɡreʃən]

n.

大火(灾)

conflagration

conflagration conflagrations
A conflagration is a fire that burns over a large area and destroys property. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= blaze

conflate

[D.J.:kənˈfleɪt]

[K.K.:kənˈflet]

vt.

合并,混合

conflation

n.

conflation

[kənˈfleiʃən]

n.

异文合并

conflate

1. conflate conflates conflating conflated
If you conflate two or more descriptions or ideas, or if they conflate , you combine them in order to produce a single one. (FORMAL)

- Her letters conflate past and present.

- Unfortunately the public conflated fiction with reality and made her into a saint.

- The two meanings conflated.

V-RECIP-ERG

2. conflation conflations

- The story was a conflation of Greek myths.

N-VAR: usu N of n

conflict

[D.J.:ˈkɔnflikt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌflɪkt]

n.

战斗, 斗争

冲突, 抵触, 争论

vi.

抵触, 冲突

conflicting

[D.J.:kənˈflɪktɪŋ]

[K.K.: kənˈflɪktɪŋ]

adj.

相矛盾的;冲突的

conflict ****

1. conflict
Conflict is serious disagreement and argument about something important. If two people or groups are in conflict , they have had a serious disagreement or argument and have not yet reached agreement.

- Try to keep any conflict between you and your ex-partner to a minimum.

- Employees already are in conflict with management over job cuts.

- The two companies came into conflict.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in/into N

2. conflict
Conflict is a state of mind in which you find it impossible to make a decision.

- ...the anguish of his own inner conflict.

N-UNCOUNT
= turmoil

3. conflict conflicts
Conflict is fighting between countries or groups of people. (JOURNALISM or WRITTEN)

- ...talks aimed at ending four decades of conflict...

- The National Security Council has met to discuss ways of preventing a military conflict.

N-VAR

4. conflict conflicts
A conflict is a serious difference between two or more beliefs, ideas, or interests. If two beliefs, ideas, or interests are in conflict , they are very different.

- There is a conflict between what they are doing and what you want.

- Do you feel any conflict of loyalties?.

- The two objectives are in conflict.

N-VAR: oft N between pl-n

5. conflict conflicts conflicting conflicted
If ideas, beliefs, or accounts conflict , they are very different from each other and it seems impossible for them to exist together or to each be true.

- Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.

- He held firm opinions which usually conflicted with my own.

- There are conflicting reports about the identity of the hostage.

- ...three powers with conflicting interests.

V-RECIP
= clash

conflict

noun

1.

opposition

antagonism

difference

disagreement

discord

dissension

friction

hostility

strife

2.

battle

clash

combat

contest

encounter

fight

strife

war

verb

3.

be incompatible

be at variance

clash

collide

differ

disagree

interfere

conflicting

adjective

incompatible

antagonistic

clashing

contradictory

contrary

discordant

inconsistent

opposing

paradoxical

confluence

[D.J.:ˈkɔnflu:əns]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnfluəns]

n.

<术>(河流的)汇合处,汇流处,交汇处

<正>(事物的)汇合,会聚,汇集;汇流

confluence

1. confluence
The confluence of two rivers is the place where they join and become one larger river.

- The 160-metre falls mark the dramatic confluence of the rivers Nera and Velino.

N-SING: oft N of n

2. confluence confluences
If there is a confluence of two things, they join, combine, or come together. (FORMAL)

- Like most cases of extreme weather, its severity was due to an unusual confluence of events.

- ...the confluence of African and Portuguese cultures in Brazil.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

conform

[D.J.:kənˈfɔ:m]

[K.K.:kənˈfɔrm]

vi.

遵守, 符合

顺应, 一致

conform **

1. conform conforms conforming conformed
If something conforms to something such as a law or someone's wishes, it is of the required type or quality.

- The Night Rider lamp has been designed to conform to new British Standard safety requirements.

- The meat market can continue only if it is radically overhauled to conform with strict EC standards.

VB

2. conform conforms conforming conformed
If you conform , you behave in the way that you are expected or supposed to behave.

- Many children who can't or don't conform are often bullied.

- He did not feel obliged to conform to the rules that applied to ordinary men.

- We conformed with social and family expectations.

VB
≠ rebel

3. conform conforms conforming conformed
If someone or something conforms to a pattern or type, they are very similar to it.

- I am well aware that we all conform to one stereotype or another.

- Like most `peacetime wars' it did not conform to preconceived ideas.

VB

conform

verb

1.

comply

adapt

adjust

fall in with

follow

obey

toe the line

2.

agree

accord

correspond

harmonize

match

suit

tally

conformist

[D.J.:kənˈfɔ:mist]

[K.K.:kənˈfɔrmɪst]

adj.

墨守成规的; 因循守旧的

conformist

1. conformist
Someone who is conformist behaves or thinks like everyone else rather than doing things that are original.

- He may have to become more conformist if he is to prosper again.

- Mr Gordon now feels forced into an ever more conformist way of running his practice.

ADJ-GRADED

2. conformist conformists
A conformist is someone who is conformist.
N-COUNT

conformist

noun

traditionalist

stick-in-the-mud informal

yes man

conformity

[D.J.:kənˈfɔ:miti]

[K.K.:kənˈfɔrmɪti]

n.

依照, 遵从; 符合, 一致

conformity *

1. conformity
If something happens in conformity with something such as a law or someone's wishes, it happens as the law says it should, or as the person wants it to.

- The prime minister is, in conformity with the constitution, chosen by the president.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N with n

2. conformity
Conformity means behaving in the same way as most other people.

- Excessive conformity is usually caused by fear of disapproval.

- Pressure appears to be mounting for conformity in how people speak English.

N-UNCOUNT

conformity

noun

compliance

conventionality

observance

orthodoxy

traditionalism

confound

[D.J.:kənˈfaʊnd, kɔn-]

[K.K.:kənˈfaʊnd, kɑn-]

vt.

使惊惶;弄糊涂

搞乱;混淆(意念等)

击败, 挫败

confounded

[D.J.:kənˈfaundid]

[K.K.:kənˈfaʊndɪd, kɑn-]

adj.

糊涂的,困惑的,讨厌的(轻微的诅咒用语)

confounding

混淆

confound *

confound confounds confounding confounded
If someone or something confounds you, they make you feel surprised or confused, often by showing you that your opinions or expectations of them were wrong.

- He momentarily confounded his critics by his cool handling of the hostage crisis.

- The choice of Governor may confound us all.

VB

confound

verb

bewilder

astound

baffle

confuse

dumbfound

flummox

mystify

nonplus

perplex

confront

[D.J.:kənˈfrʌnt]

[K.K.:kənˈfrʌnt]

vt.

勇敢地面对, 正视

迎面遇到, 遭遇

使对质, 使当面对证

confront ***

1. confront confronts confronting confronted
If you are confronted with a problem, task, or difficulty, you have to deal with it.

- She was confronted with severe money problems.

- Ministers underestimated the magnitude of the task confronting them.

VB
= face

2. confront confronts confronting confronted
If you confront a difficult situation or issue, you accept the fact that it exists and try to deal with it.

- We are learning how to confront death.

- NATO countries have been forced to confront fundamental moral questions.

VB
= face

3. confront confronts confronting confronted
If you are confronted by something that you find threatening or difficult to deal with, it is there in front of you.

- I was confronted with an array of knobs, levers, and switches.

VB: usu passive
= face

4. confront confronts confronting confronted
If you confront someone, you stand or sit in front of them, especially when you are going to fight, argue, or compete with them.

- She pushed her way through the mob and confronted him face to face.

- They don't hesitate to open fire when confronted by police.

- The candidates confronted each other during a televised debate.

VB

5. confront confronts confronting confronted
If you confront someone with something, you present facts or evidence to them in order to accuse them of something.

- She had decided to confront Kathryn with what she had learnt.

- I could not bring myself to confront him about it.

- His confronting me forced me to search for the answers.

VB

confront

verb

face

accost

challenge

defy

encounter

oppose

stand up to

tackle

confrontation

[D.J.:ˌkɔnfrʌnˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnfrʌnˈteʃən]

n.

对抗, 对抗的事物

confrontation ***

confrontation confrontations
A confrontation is a dispute, fight, or battle between two groups of people.

- The issue has caused great tension between the two countries and could lead to a military confrontation.

- The commission remains so weak that it will continue to avoid confrontation with governments.

N-VAR: oft N with/between n

confrontation

noun

conflict

contest

encounter

fight

head-to-head

set-to informal

showdown informal

confrontational

[ˌkɔnfrʌnˈteiʃənəl]

adj.

挑衅的, 对抗的

confrontational *

confrontational
If you describe the way that someone behaves as confrontational , you are showing your disapproval of the fact that they are aggressive and likely to cause an argument or dispute.

- The committee's confrontational style of campaigning has made it unpopular.

- Riot police are on hand but have not been confrontational.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

confuse

[D.J.:kənˈfju:z]

[K.K.:kənˈfjuz]

vt.

使困惑, 把…弄糊涂

混淆, 把…混同

混乱, 搞乱

confused

[D.J.:kənˈfju:zd]

[K.K.:kənˈfjuzd]

adj.

糊涂的, 迷乱的

混杂的, 不清楚的

confusedly

[kənˈ fju:zidli]

adv.

受困惑地,混乱地,慌乱地

confusing

[D.J.:kənˈfju:ziŋ]

adj.

莫名其妙的, 难以理解的

confusion

[D.J.:kənˈfju:ʒən]

[K.K.:kənˈfjuʒən]

n.

困惑, 糊涂

混淆, 混同

混乱, 骚乱

confuse **

1. confuse confuses confusing confused
If you confuse two things, you get them mixed up, so that you think one of them is the other one.

- Great care is taken to avoid confusing the two types of projects.

- I can't see how anyone could confuse you with another!

VB

2. confusion

- Use different colours of felt pen on your sketch to avoid confusion.

N-UNCOUNT

3. confuse confuses confusing confused
To confuse someone means to make it difficult for them to know exactly what is happening or what to do.

- German politics surprised and confused him.

VB
= bewilder

4. confuse confuses confusing confused
To confuse a situation means to make it complicated or difficult to understand.

- To further confuse the issue, there is an enormous variation in the amount of sleep people feel happy with.

VB

confused **

1. confused
If you are confused , you do not know exactly what is happening or what to do.

- A survey showed people were confused about what they should eat to stay healthy.

- Things were happening too quickly and Brian was confused.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about/by n
= bewildered

2. confusedly

- He shook his head confusedly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. confused
Something that is confused does not have any order or pattern and is difficult to understand.

- The situation remains confused as both sides claim success.

- ...a modern society in which values have become increasingly confused.

ADJ-GRADED

confusing **

1. confusing
Something that is confusing makes it difficult for people to know exactly what is happening or what to do.

- The statement is highly confusing.

- The uncertainty created by this situation must be confusing for you.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ clear

2. confusingly

- Confusingly, blind people also respond to the light.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with cl

confusion **

1. confusion confusions
If there is confusion about something, it is not clear what the true situation is, especially because people believe different things.

- There's still confusion about the number of casualties.

- Omissions in my recent article must have caused confusion.

N-VAR

2. confusion
Confusion is a situation in which everything is in disorder, especially because there are lots of things happening at the same time.

- There was confusion when a man fired shots.

- The rebel leader appears to have escaped in the confusion.

N-UNCOUNT

3. confusion confusions
If your mind is in a state of confusion , you do not know what to believe or what you should do.

- We always left his office in a state of confusion.

- ...the pressures and confusions of puberty.

N-VAR

confuse

verb

1.

mix up

disarrange

disorder

jumble

mingle

muddle

ravel

2.

bewilder

baffle

bemuse

faze

flummox

mystify

nonplus

perplex

puzzle

3.

disconcert

discompose

disorient

fluster

rattle informal

throw off balance

unnerve

upset

confused

adjective

1.

bewildered

at sea

baffled

disorientated

flummoxed

muddled

nonplussed

perplexed

puzzled

taken aback

2.

disordered

chaotic

disorganized

higgledy-piggledy informal

in disarray

jumbled

mixed up

topsy-turvy

untidy

confusing

adjective

bewildering

baffling

contradictory

disconcerting

misleading

perplexing

puzzling

unclear

confusion

noun

1.

bewilderment

disorientation

mystification

perplexity

puzzlement

2.

disorder

chaos

commotion

jumble

mess

muddle

shambles

turmoil

untidiness

upheaval

conga

[D.J.:ˈkɔnɡə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑŋɡə]

n.

(起源于拉丁美洲的)康茄舞,康茄舞曲

vi.

跳康茄舞

conga

conga congas
If a group of people dance a conga , they dance in a long winding line, with each person holding on to the back of the person in front.
N-COUNT

congeal

[D.J.:kənˈdʒi:l]

[K.K.:kənˈdʒil]

vt. & vi.

使凝结,冻结

(指血)凝结

congeal

congeal congeals congealing congealed
When a liquid congeals , it becomes very thick and sticky and almost solid.

- The blood had started to congeal.

- ...spilled wine mingled with congealed soup.

VB

congenial

[D.J.:kənˈdʒi:njəl]

[K.K.:kənˈdʒinjəl]

adj.

宜人的, 适宜的;意气相投的

congenial *

congenial
A congenial person, place, or environment is pleasant. (FORMAL)

- He is back in more congenial company.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= agreeable

congenial

adjective

1.

pleasant

affable

agreeable

companionable

favourable

friendly

genial

kindly

2.

compatible

kindred

like-minded

sympathetic

well-suited

congenital

[D.J.:kənˈdʒenɪtl]

[K.K.:kənˈdʒɛnɪtl..]

adj.

先天的,天生的

congenitally

adv.

congenitally

adv.

天生地,先天地

congenital

1. congenital
A congenital disease or medical condition is one that a person has had from birth, but is not inherited. (MEDICAL)

- When John was 17, he died of congenital heart disease.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. congenitally

- ...congenitally handicapped children.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

3. congenital
A congenital characteristic or feature in a person is so strong that you cannot imagine it ever changing, although there may seem to be no reason for it.

- He was a congenital liar and usually in debt.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= incorrigible

4. congenitally

- I admit to being congenitally lazy.

ADV

congenital

adjective

inborn

immanent

inbred

inherent

innate

natural

conger

[D.J.:ˈkɔŋə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑŋɡɚ]

n.

康吉鳗科(尤指欧洲),康吉鳗

conger

conger congers
A conger or a conger eel is a large fish that looks like a snake.
N-VAR

congested

[D.J.:kənˈdʒestid]

adj.

(街道、城市等)拥挤的

<英>充血的

congested *

1. congested
A congested road or area is extremely crowded and blocked with traffic or people.

- He first promised two weeks ago to clear Britain's congested roads.

- Some areas are congested with both cars and people.

ADJ-GRADED
= blocked

2. congested
If a part of the body is congested , it is blocked. (FORMAL)

- The arteries in his neck had become fatally congested.

ADJ-GRADED
= blocked

congested

adjective

1.

overcrowded

crowded

teeming

2.

clogged

blocked-up

crammed

jammed

overfilled

overflowing

packed

stuffed

congestion

[D.J.:kənˈdʒestʃən]

n.

拥挤;堵车

充血;阻塞

congestion *

1. congestion
If there is congestion in a place, the place is extremely crowded and blocked with traffic or people.

- The problems of traffic congestion will not disappear in a hurry.

- Energy consumption, congestion and pollution have increased.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft adj N

2. congestion
Congestion in a part of the body is a medical condition in which the part becomes blocked. (FORMAL)

- ...nasal congestion.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft adj N

congestion

noun

1.

overcrowding

crowding

2.

clogging

bottleneck

jam

surfeit

congestive

[kənˈdʒestiv]

adj.

充血的

congestive

congestive
A congestive disease is a medical condition where a part of the body becomes blocked. (MEDICAL)

- ...congestive heart failure.

ADJ: ADJ n

conglomerate

[D.J.:kənˈglɔməˌreɪt]

[K.K.:kənˈɡlɑməˌret]

n.

(多种经营的)联合大企业,企业集团

聚集物;砾岩

conglomerate *

conglomerate conglomerates
A conglomerate is a large business firm consisting of several different companies.

- Fiat is Italy's largest industrial conglomerate.

N-COUNT: oft adj N

conglomeration

[D.J.:kɔnˌɡlɔməˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:kənˌɡlɑməˈreʃən]

n.

团块,聚集,混合物

conglomeration

conglomeration conglomerations
A conglomeration of things is a group of many different things, gathered together. (FORMAL)

- ...a conglomeration of buildings, all tightly packed together.

- ...a conglomeration of peoples speaking different languages.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

congratulate

[D.J.:kənˈɡrætjuleit]

[K.K.:kənˈɡrætʃəˌlet, -ˈɡrædʒ-, kəŋ-]

vt.

祝贺, 道喜

congratulation

[D.J.:kənˌɡrætjuˈleiʃən]

[K.K.:kənˌɡrætʃəˈleʃən, -ˌɡrædʒ-, kəŋ-]

n.

祝贺, 恭喜

贺词

congratulate **

1. congratulate congratulates congratulating congratulated
If you congratulate someone, you say something to show you are pleased that something nice has happened to them.

- She congratulated him on the birth of his son.

- I was absolutely astonished by the reaction to our engagement. Everyone started congratulating us.

VB

2. congratulation

- We have received many letters of congratulation.

N-UNCOUNT

3. congratulate congratulates congratulating congratulated
If you congratulate someone, you praise them for something good that they have done.

- I really must congratulate the organisers for a well run and enjoyable event.

- We specifically wanted to congratulate certain players.

VB

4. congratulate congratulates congratulating congratulated
If you congratulate yourself, you are pleased about something that you have done or that has happened to you.

- Waterstone has every reason to congratulate himself.

- Journalists have been congratulating themselves on the role the press has played in the investigations.

VB

congratulate

verb

compliment

pat on the back

wish joy to

congratulations *

1. congratulations
You say ` Congratulations ' to someone in order to congratulate them on something nice that has happened to them or something good that they have done.

- Congratulations, you have a healthy baby boy.

- Congratulations on your interesting article.

- Congratulations to everybody who sent in their ideas.

CONVENTION formulae

2. congratulations
If you offer someone your congratulations , you congratulate them on something nice that has happened to them or on something good that they have done.

- The club also offers its congratulations to D. Brown on his appointment as president.

N-PLURAL

congratulations

interjection

good wishes

best wishes

compliments

felicitations

greetings

congratulatory

[D.J.:kənˈ grætjʊlətərɪ]

[K.K.:kənˈɡrætʃələˌtorɪ]

adj.

祝贺的

congratulatory

congratulatory
A congratulatory message expresses congratulations.

- He sent Kim a congratulatory letter.

ADJ

congregant

[D.J.:ˈkɔŋɡriɡənt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑŋɡrɪɡənt]

n.

宗教团体的成员; 犹太教团体的成员

congregant

congregant congregants
Congregants are members of a congregation. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

congregate

[D.J.:ˈkɔŋɡriɡeit]

[K.K.:ˈkɑŋɡrɪˌɡet]

vt. & vi.

(使)集合, 聚集

congregate *

congregate congregates congregating congregated
When people congregate , they gather together and form a group.

- Youngsters love to congregate here in the evenings outside cinemas showing American films.

- Visitors congregated on Sunday afternoons to view public exhibitions.

VB

congregate

verb

come together

assemble

collect

convene

converge

flock

gather

mass

meet

congregation

[D.J.:ˌkɔŋgrɪˈgeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑŋɡrɪˈɡeʃən]

n.

人群;(教堂里的)会众

congregation *

congregation congregations
The people who are attending a church service or who regularly attend a church service are referred to as the congregation .

- Most members of the congregation begin arriving a few minutes before services.

N-COUNT-COLL

congregation

noun

assembly

brethren

crowd

fellowship

flock

multitude

throng

congress

[D.J.:ˈkɔŋɡres]

[K.K.:ˈkɑŋɡrɪs]

n.

代表大会

国会, 议会

congress **

congress congresses
A congress is a large meeting that is held to discuss ideas and policies.

- A lot has changed after the party congress.

- ...a congress of coal miners.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu with supp

congress

noun

meeting

assembly

conclave

conference

convention

council

legislature

parliament

Congress ****

Congress
Congress is the elected group of politicians that is responsible for making the law in the United States. It consists of two parts: the House of Representatives and the Senate.

- We want to cooperate with both the administration and Congress.

N-PROPER-COLL

congressional

[D.J.:kɔŋˈgreʃɵnl]

adj.

会议的； 委员会的；(C-)国会的

congressional ***

congressional
A congressional policy, action, or person relates to the United States Congress.

- The president explained his plans to congressional leaders.

- ...a congressional report published on September 5th.

ADJ: ADJ n also Congressional .

congressman

[D.J.:ˈkɔŋgrɪsmən]

[K.K.:ˈkɑŋɡrɪsmən]

n.

<美>国会议员(尤指众议员)

congressman **

congressman
A congressman is a male member of the US Congress, especially of the House of Representatives.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

congressperson

congressperson congresspeople
A congressperson is a member of the US Congress, especially of the House of Representatives.
N-COUNT

congresswoman

[D.J.:ˈkɔŋɡresˌwumən]

[K.K.:ˈkɑŋɡrɪsˌwʊmən]

n.

国会女议员,众议院女议员

congresswoman

congresswoman
A congresswoman is a female member of the US Congress, especially of the House of Representatives.

- The meeting was organised by Congresswoman Maxine Waters.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

congruence

[D.J.:ˈkɔŋɡruəns]

[K.K.:ˈkɑŋɡruəns, kənˈɡru-]

n.

适合,一致,叠合,全等,相合性

congruence

congruence
Congruence is when two things are similar or fit together well. (FORMAL)

- ...a necessary congruence between political, cultural and economic forces.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, usu N between pl-n

congruent

[D.J.:ˈkɔŋgru:ənt, kənˈgru:-]

[K.K.:ˈkɑŋɡruənt, kənˈɡru-]

adj.

<数>叠合的, 全等的

符合的, 一致的, 和谐的

congruent

congruent
If one thing is congruent with another thing, they are similar or fit together well. (FORMAL)

- The interests of landowners were by no means congruent with those of industrial capitalists.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n

conical

[D.J.:ˈkɔnɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnɪkəl]

adj.

圆锥 (形)的

conical

conical
A conical object is shaped like a cone.

- We were soon aware of a great conical shape to the north-east.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

conifer

[D.J.:ˈkɔnəfə, ˈkəʊnə-]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnəfɚ, ˈkonə-]

n.

针叶树

conifer *

conifer conifers
Conifers are a group of trees and shrubs, for example pine trees and fir trees, that grow in cooler areas of the world. They have fruit called cones, and very thin leaves called needles which they do not normally lose in winter.
N-COUNT

coniferous

[kəuˈnifərəs]

adj.

松类的,结球果的

coniferous

coniferous
A coniferous forest or wood is made up of conifers.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

conjectural

[D.J.:kənˈdʒektʃərəl]

[K.K.:kənˈdʒɛktʃərəl]

adj.

推测的,好推测的

conjectural

conjectural
A statement that is conjectural is based on information that is not certain or complete. (FORMAL)

- There is something undeniably conjectural about such claims.

ADJ-GRADED
= hypothetical

conjecture

[D.J.:kənˈdʒektʃə]

[K.K.:kənˈdʒɛktʃɚ]

n.

推测, 猜想

vt. & vi.

推测, 猜测, 猜想

conjecture *

1. conjecture conjectures
A conjecture is a conclusion that is based on information that is not certain or complete. (FORMAL)

- That was a conjecture, not a fact.

- There are several conjectures.

- The attitudes of others were matters of conjecture although there were plenty of rumours about how individuals had behaved.

N-VAR
= surmise

2. conjecture conjectures conjecturing conjectured
When you conjecture , you form an opinion or reach a conclusion on the basis of information that is not certain or complete. (FORMAL)

- He conjectured that some individuals may be able to detect major calamities.

- This may be true or partly true; we are all conjecturing here.

VB
= surmise

conjecture

noun

1.

guess

hypothesis

shot in the dark

speculation

supposition

surmise

theory

verb

2.

guess

hypothesize

imagine

speculate

suppose

surmise

theorize

conjoin

[D.J.:kənˈdʒɔin]

[K.K.:kənˈdʒɔɪn]

vt. & vi.

结合, 联合

conjoined

[kənˈdʒɔind]

adj.

结合的;联在一起的;重叠的,同时发作的

conjoining

交接

conjoin

conjoin conjoins conjoining conjoined
If two or more things conjoin or if you conjoin them, they are united and joined together. (FORMAL)

- If only time and place hadn't conjoined then and there.

- America's rise in rates was conjoined with higher rates elsewhere.

- ...if we conjoin the two responses.

V-RECIP-ERG

conjugal

[D.J.:ˈkɔndʒəgəl, kənˈdʒu:-]

[K.K.:ˈkɑndʒəɡəl, kənˈdʒu-]

adj.

婚姻的;夫妻之间的

conjugal

conjugal
Conjugal means relating to marriage and the relationship between a husband and wife, especially their sexual relationship. (FORMAL)

- ...a man deprived of his conjugal rights.

ADJ: ADJ n

conjugal

adjective

marital

bridal

connubial

married

matrimonial

nuptial

wedded

conjugate

[D.J.:ˈkɔndʒəˌgeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑndʒəˌɡet]

vt.

列出(动词的)变化形式

vi.

结合,联合,熔化

[D.J.:ˈkɔndʒəgət]

[K.K.:ˈkɑndʒəˌɡət]

adj.

结合的

conjugated

[D.J.:ˈkɔndʒuɡeitid]

[K.K.:ˈkɑndʒəˌɡetɪd]

adj.

共轭的,成对的

conjugates

轭合物

conjugate

conjugate conjugates conjugating conjugated
When pupils or teachers conjugate a verb, they give its different forms in a particular order.

- ...a child who can read at one and is conjugating Latin verbs at four.

VB

conjunction

[D.J.:kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən]

n.

连词

结合; 联合

conjunction **

1. conjunction conjunctions
A conjunction of two or more things is the occurrence of them at the same time or place. (FORMAL)

- ...the conjunction of two events.

- ...a conjunction of religious and social factors.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

2. conjunction conjunctions
In grammar, a conjunction is a word or group of words that joins together words, groups, or clauses. In English, there are co-ordinating conjunctions such as `and' and `but', and subordinating conjunctions such as `although', `because', and `when'.
N-COUNT

3. conjunction
If one thing is done or used in conjunction with another, the two things are done or used together. (FORMAL)

- The army should have operated in conjunction with the fleet to raid the enemy's coast.

- Since iron destroys vitamin E, these two nutrients should not be taken in conjunction.

PHR: usu PHR with n
= together

conjunctivitis

[D.J.:kənˌdʒʌŋktiˈvaitis]

[K.K.:kənˌdʒʌŋktəˈvaɪtɪs]

n.

结膜炎

conjunctivitis

conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis is an eye infection which causes the thin skin that covers the eye to become red. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

conjure

[D.J.:ˈkɔndʒə, kənˈdʒʊə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑndʒɚ, kənˈdʒʊr]

vt.

用魔术变出

祈求, 恳求

vi.

变戏法, 变魔术

conjure away

使魔术般地消失

conjure sb/sth up

(变魔术般地) 使…出现

使…呈现于脑际；使想起

念咒招魂

conjuring

[D.J.:ˈkʌndʒərɪŋ]

[K.K.: ˈkʌndʒərɪŋ]

n.

魔术；戏法

conjure *

1. conjure conjures conjuring conjured
If you conjure something out of nothing, you make it appear as if by magic.

- Thirteen years ago she found herself having to conjure a career from thin air.

- They managed to conjure a victory.

VB
= conjure up

2. conjure up conjures up; conjuring up; conjured up
Conjure up means the same as conjure .

- Every day a different chef will be conjuring up delicious dishes in the restaurant.

- He conjured up a smile and reached out to squeeze her hand.

PHR-V

3. conjure
If you say that the name of a particular person or organization is a name to conjure with , you mean that that person or organization is very important and influential in the field you are discussing.

- By 1920, Fox and Universal were already names to conjure with.

PHR: N inflects, v-link PHR

conjure up *

1. conjure up conjures up; conjuring up; conjured up
If you conjure up a memory, picture, or idea, you create it in your mind.

- When he closed his eyes, he could conjure up in exact colour almost every event of his life.

- When we think of adventurers, many of us conjure up images of larger-than-life characters trekking to the North Pole.

PHR-V

2. conjure up conjures up; conjuring up; conjured up
If something such as a word or sound conjures up particular images or ideas, it makes you think of them.

- Jimmy Buffett's music conjures up a warm night in the tropics.

- What does the word `feminist' conjure up for you?

PHR-V
= evoke

conjure

verb

perform tricks

juggle

conjure up

verb

bring to mind

contrive

create

evoke

produce as if by magic

recall

recollect

conjurer

[D.J.:ˈkɔndʒəə, ˈkʌn-]

[K.K.:ˈkɑndʒəɚ, ˈkʌn-]

n.

魔术师

巫师;行妖术者

conjurer

conjurer conjurers
A conjurer is a person who entertains people by doing magic tricks.
N-COUNT also conjuror .
= magician

conjuring trick

conjuring trick conjuring tricks
A conjuring trick is a trick in which something is made to appear or disappear as if by magic.
N-COUNT

conk out

conk out conks out; conking out; conked out
If something such as a machine or a vehicle conks out , it stops working or breaks down. (INFORMAL)

- Sometimes the dynamo which provided the electricity conked out and the castle was plunged into darkness.

PHR-V

conker

[ˈkɔŋkə]

n.

七叶树果实

conkers

[ˈkɔŋkəz]

n.

板栗游戏

conker

1. conker conkers
Conkers are round brown nuts which come from horse chestnut trees. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. conker
Conkers is a children's game in which you tie a conker to a piece of string and try to break your opponent's conker by hitting it as hard as you can with your own. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

con man

con man con men
A con man is a man who persuades people to give him their money or property by lying to them.

- A few years ago she was the victim of a con man.

N-COUNT also conman .

connect

[D.J.:kəˈnekt]

[K.K.:kəˈnɛkt]

vt. & vi.

连接, 联结

把…看作有关联; 由…联想到

给…接通电话

connected

[D.J.:kəˈnektɪd]

[K.K.:kəˈnɛktɪd]

adj.

连接的, 有关系的, 有联系的

有社交〔职业、商业〕关系的

有血统〔婚姻〕关系的

connecting

[D.J.:kəˈnektiŋ]

[K.K.:kəˈnɛktɪŋ]

n.

连接,管接头,套管

connect **

1. connect connects connecting connected
If something or someone connects one thing to another, or if one thing connects to another, the two things are joined together.

- You can connect the machine to your hi-fi.

- The traditional method is to enter the exchanges at night and connect the wires.

- Two cables connect to each corner of the plate.

- ...a television camera connected to the radio telescope.

V-RECIP-ERG
= attach ≠ disconnect

2. connect connects connecting connected
If a piece of equipment or a place is connected to a source of power or water, it is joined to that source so that it has power or water.

- These appliances should not be connected to power supplies.

- Ischia was now connected to the mainland water supply.

VB

3. connect up connects up; connecting up; connected up
Connect up means the same as connect .

- The shower is easy to install -- it needs only to be connected up to the hot and cold water supply.

- They turned the barricade into a potential death trap by connecting it up to the mains.

PHR-V

4. connect connects connecting connected
If a telephone operator connects you, he or she enables you to speak to another person by telephone.

- To call the police, an ambulance or the fire brigade dial 999 and the operator will connect you.

- He asked to be connected to the central switchboard.

VB
= put through

5. connect connects connecting connected
If two things or places connect or if something connects them, they are joined and people or things can pass between them.

- ...the long hallway that connects the rooms...

- The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries with the uterus.

- His workshop connected with a small building in the garden.

- The two rooms have connecting doors.

V-RECIP-ERG

6. connect connects connecting connected
If one train or plane, for example, connects with another, it arrives at a time which allows passengers to change to the other one in order to continue their journey.

- ...a train connecting with a ferry to Ireland...

- My connecting plane didn't depart for another six hours.

V-RECIP
= link up

7. connect connects connecting connected
If you connect to a particular plane or train, or if another plane or train connects you to it, you change to that plane or train from another one in order to continue your journey.

- ...business travellers wanting to connect to a long-haul flight...

- That will connect you with time to spare for the seven o'clock Concorde.

V-ERG

8. connect connects connecting connected
If you connect a person or thing with something, you realize that there is a link or relationship between them.

- I hoped he would not connect me with that now-embarrassing review I'd written seven years earlier.

- I wouldn't have connected the two things.

VB
= associate

9. connect connects connecting connected
Something that connects a person or thing with something else shows or provides a link or relationship between them.

- A search of Brady's house revealed nothing that could connect him with the robberies.

- What connects them?

VB
= link

10. connect connects connecting connected
If you connect with someone, you feel a sense of agreement and familiarity with them because you have the same kind of ideas.

- If you stand on stage and share your view of the world, people will connect with you.

V-RECIP

connected **

connected
If one thing is connected with another, there is a link or relationship between them.

- Have you ever had any skin problems connected with exposure to the sun?.

- The dispute is not directly connected to the negotiations.

- She was born at Ambala, India, her family being closely connected with the Indian army.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with/to n
See also connect , well-connected .

connect

verb

link

affix

attach

couple

fasten

join

unite

connected

adjective

linked

affiliated

akin

allied

associated

combined

coupled

joined

related

united

connection

[D.J.:kəˈnekʃən]

[K.K.:kəˈnɛkʃən]

n.

连接, 联结

联系; 关系

连接点; 连接物

熟人, 业务上的客户

connection ***

1. connection connections
A connection is a relationship between two things, people, or groups.

- There was no evidence of a connection between BSE and the brain diseases recently confirmed in cats.

- The police say he had no connection with the security forces.

- He has denied any connection to the bombing.

N-VAR: usu N prep (BRIT) also connexion
= association link

2. connection connections
A connection is a joint where two wires or pipes are joined together.

- Check all radiators for small leaks, especially round pipework connections.

N-COUNT (BRIT) also connexion

3. connection connections
If a place has good road, rail, or air connections , many places can be directly reached from there by car, train, or plane.

- Fukuoka has excellent air and rail connections to the rest of the country.

N-COUNT: usu n N (BRIT) also connexion

4. connection connections
If you get a connection at a station or airport, you catch a train, bus, or plane, after getting off another train, bus, or plane, in order to continue your journey.

- My flight was late and I missed the connection.

N-COUNT: usu sing (BRIT) also connexion

5. connection connections
Your connections are the people who you know or are related to, especially when they are in a position to help you.

- She used her connections to full advantage.

N-PLURAL (BRIT) also connexion

6. connection
If you write or talk to someone in connection with something, you write or talk to them about that thing. (FORMAL)

- I am writing in connection with Michael Shower's letter.

- 13 men have been questioned in connection with the murder.

PHR-PREP (BRIT) also connexion

7. connection
You say in this connection or in that connection to indicate that what you are talking about is related to what you have just mentioned. (FORMAL)

- It is the 100th anniversary of his death. We here are having very great celebrations in this connection.

PHR: PHR with cl (BRIT) also connexion

connection

noun

1.

association

affinity

bond

liaison

link

relationship

relevance

tie-in

2.

link

alliance

association

attachment

coupling

fastening

junction

tie

union

3.

contact

acquaintance

ally

associate

friend

sponsor

connective

[D.J.:kəˈnektɪv]

[K.K.:kəˈnɛktɪv]

adj.

起连接作用的

连接的, 联结的

n.

连接词

连接物, 结合物

connective

connective connectives
A connective is the same as a conjunction .
N-COUNT

connective tissue

connective tissue
Connective tissue is the substance in the bodies of animals and people which fills in the spaces between organs and connects muscles and bones. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

connector

[kəˈnəktə]

n.

连接器；连接体

connector

connector connectors
A connector is a device that joins two pieces of equipment, wire, or piping together.
N-COUNT

connivance

[D.J.:kəˈnaɪvəns]

[K.K.:kəˈnaɪvəns]

n.

默许;纵容

connive

[D.J.:kəˈnaɪv]

[K.K.:kəˈnaɪv]

vi.

密谋 ;搞阴谋

默许;纵容

connive at/in

对(明知错误的事情)视而不见；默许；纵容

connivance

n.

connivance

connivance
Connivance is a willingness to allow or assist something to happen even though you know it is wrong.

- It was stolen by Odysseus, with the connivance of Helen.

- The murder had been carried out with police connivance.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft with the N of n disapproval

connivance

noun

collusion

abetting

complicity

conspiring

tacit consent

connive

1. connive connives conniving connived
If one person connives with another to do something, they secretly try to achieve something which will benefit both of them.

- He accused ministers of conniving with foreign companies to tear up employment rights.

- Senior politicians connived to ensure that he was not released.

- ...local authorities suspected of conniving with the Mafia.

V-RECIP disapproval
= conspire

2. connive connives conniving connived
If you say that someone connives at something or connives in something, you are critical of them because they allow or help it to happen even though they know that it is wrong and that they ought to prevent it.

- He suspected elements within the South African government were conniving at the disturbances to try to weaken the ANC.

- To buy things cheaply from a poor country is to connive in its poverty.

VB disapproval

conniving

conniving
If you describe someone as conniving , you mean you dislike them because they make secret plans in order to get things for themselves or harm other people.

- Edith was seen as a conniving, greedy woman.

ADJ: usu ADJ n disapproval
= scheming

connive

verb

1.

conspire

collude

cook up informal

intrigue

plot

scheme

connive at

2.

turn a blind eye to

abet

disregard

let pass

look the other way

overlook

wink at

connoisseur

[D.J.:ˌkɔnəˈsɜ:, -ˈsʊə]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnəˈsə.., -ˈsʊr]

n.

鉴赏家,鉴定家;行家

connoisseur *

connoisseur connoisseurs
A connoisseur is someone who knows a lot about the arts, food, drink, or some other subject.

- Sarah tells me you're something of an art connoisseur.

- ...connoisseurs of good food.

N-COUNT: oft n N, N of n

connoisseur

noun

expert

aficionado

appreciator

authority

buff informal

devotee

judge

connotation

[D.J.:ˌkɔnəˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnəˈteʃən]

n.

内涵意义, 隐含义义

connotation *

connotation connotations
The connotations of a particular word or name are the ideas or qualities which it makes you think of.

- It's just one of those words that's got so many negative connotations.

- `Urchin', with its connotation of mischievousness, may not be a particularly apt word.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n
= association

connote

connote connotes connoting connoted
If a word or name connotes something, it makes you think of a particular idea or quality. (FORMAL)

- The term `ladies' connotes females who are simultaneously put on a pedestal and patronised.

VB
= suggest imply

conquer

[D.J.:ˈkɔŋkə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑŋkɚ]

vt.

攻克, 征服

破除, 克服

vi.

得胜

conquer **

1. conquer conquers conquering conquered
If one country or group of people conquers another, they take complete control of their land.

- During 1936, Mussolini conquered Abyssinia.

- Early in the eleventh century the whole of England was again conquered by the Vikings.

VB

2. conquer conquers conquering conquered
If you conquer something such as a problem, you succeed in ending it or dealing with it successfully.

- I was certain that love was quite enough to conquer our differences.

- He has never conquered his addiction to smoking.

- ...the first man in history to conquer Everest.

VB

conquer

verb

1.

defeat

beat

crush

get the better of

master

overcome

overpower

overthrow

quell

subjugate

vanquish

2.

seize

acquire

annex

obtain

occupy

overrun

win

conqueror

[D.J.:ˈkɔŋkɵrə]

n.

征服者,占领者

conqueror *

1. conqueror conquerors
The conquerors of a country or group of people are the people who have taken complete control of that country or group's land.

- The people of an oppressed country obey their conquerors because they want to go on living.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. conqueror conquerors
The conqueror of a person or team is the person or team that beats them in a game or contest. (JOURNALISM)

- He easily overcame Garcia, Saturday's conqueror of Ernie Els.

- Her conqueror, Senator Pete Wilson, is a diffident, moderate man.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

conqueror

noun

winner

conquistador

defeater

master

subjugator

vanquisher

victor

conquest

[D.J.:ˈkɔŋkwest]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌkwɛst, ˈkɑŋ-]

n.

攻取, 征服, 克服

conquest *

1. conquest
Conquest is the act of conquering a country or group of people.

- He had led the conquest of southern Poland in 1939.

- After the Norman Conquest the forest became a royal hunting preserve.

- Jerusalem has seen endless conquests and occupations.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, oft N of n

2. conquest conquests
Conquests are lands that have been conquered in war.

- He had realized that Britain could not have peace unless she returned at least some of her former conquests.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. conquest conquests
If someone makes a conquest , they succeed in attracting and usually sleeping with another person. You usually use conquest when you want to indicate that this relationship is not important to the person concerned.

- Despite his conquests, he remains lonely and isolated.

- ...men who boast about their sexual conquests to all their friends.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

4. conquest conquests
You can refer to the person that someone has succeeded in attracting as their conquest .

- Pushkin was a womaniser whose conquests included everyone from prostitutes to princesses.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

5. conquest
The conquest of something such as a problem is success in ending it or dealing with it.

- The conquest of inflation has been the Government's overriding economic priority for nearly 15 years.

- ...the conquest of cancer.

N-SING: usu the N of n
= defeat

conquest

noun

1.

defeat

mastery

overthrow

rout

triumph

victory

2.

takeover

annexation

coup

invasion

occupation

subjugation

conquistador

[D.J.:kɔnˈkwistədə:]

[K.K.:kɑnˈkwɪstəˌdɔr, kɑŋˈkistə-]

n.

西班牙征服者,征服者

conquistador

conquistador conquistadors or conquistadores
The conquistadors were the sixteenth century Spanish conquerors of Central and South America.
N-COUNT

conscience

[D.J.:ˈkɔnʃəns]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnʃəns]

n.

良心

conscience **

1. conscience consciences
Your conscience is the part of your mind that tells you whether what you are doing is right or wrong. If you have a guilty conscience , you feel guilty about something because you know it was wrong. If you have a clear conscience , you do not feel guilty because you know you have done nothing wrong.

- I have battled with my conscience over whether I should actually send this letter.

- What if he got a guilty conscience and brought it back?.

- I could go away again with a clear conscience.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp, oft poss N, adj N

2. conscience
Conscience is doing what you believe is right even though it might be unpopular, difficult, or dangerous.

- He refused for reasons of conscience to sign a new law legalising abortion.

- ...the law on freedom of conscience and religious organizations.

N-UNCOUNT
See also prisoner of conscience .

3. conscience
Conscience is a feeling of guilt because you know you have done something that is wrong.

- I'm so glad he had a pang of conscience.

- They have shown a ruthless lack of conscience.

N-UNCOUNT
= guilt

4. conscience
If you say that you cannot do something in all conscience , in good conscience , or in conscience , you mean that you cannot do it because you think it is wrong.

- She could not, in good conscience, back out on her deal with him.

PHR: PHR with cl, with brd-neg

5. conscience
If you have something on your conscience , you feel guilty because you know you have done something wrong.

- Now the murderer has two deaths on his conscience.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

conscience

noun

principles

moral sense

scruples

sense of right and wrong

still small voice

conscientious

[D.J.:ˌkɔnʃiˈenʃəs]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnʃiˈɛnʃəs]

adj.

认真的, 勤奋的

conscientiously

[D.J.:k ɔnʃɪˈenʃəslɪ]

[K.K.:k ɑnʃɪˈ ɛnʃəslɪ]

adv.

凭良心地

认真地,负责尽职地

conscientious *

1. conscientious
Someone who is conscientious is very careful to do their work properly.

- We are generally very conscientious about our work.

- Virginia was still struggling to be a conscientious and dedicated mother.

ADJ-GRADED

2. conscientiously

- He studied conscientiously and enthusiastically.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

conscientious

adjective

thorough

careful

diligent

exact

faithful

meticulous

painstaking

particular

punctilious

conscientious objector

conscientious objector conscientious objectors
A conscientious objector is a person who refuses to join the armed forces because they think that it is morally wrong to do so.
N-COUNT

conscious

[D.J.:ˈkɔnʃəs]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnʃəs]

adj.

神志清醒的

知道的; 注意到的

自觉的; 蓄意的

consciously

[D.J.:ˈk ɔnʃəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈk ɑnʃəslɪ]

adv.

有意识地

自觉地

conscious ***

1. conscious
If you are conscious of something, you notice it or realize that it is happening.

- He was conscious of the faint, musky aroma of aftershave.

- She was very conscious of Max studying her.

- Conscious that he was becoming light-headed again, he went over to the window.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of n/-ing, v-link ADJ that
= aware

2. conscious
If you are conscious of something, you think about it a lot, especially because you are unhappy about it or because you think it is important.

- I'm very conscious of my weight.

- He is acutely conscious that this transition will bring with it the risk of social unrest.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of n/-ing, v-link ADJ that
= aware

3. conscious
A conscious decision or action is made or done deliberately with you giving your full attention to it.

- I don't think we ever made a conscious decision to have a big family.

- Make a conscious effort to relax your muscles.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= deliberate

4. consciously

- Sophie was not consciously seeking a replacement after her father died.

ADV: ADV with v

5. conscious
Someone who is conscious is awake rather than asleep or unconscious.

- She was fully conscious all the time and knew what was going on.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ
≠ unconscious

6. conscious
Conscious memories or thoughts are ones that you are aware of.

- He had no conscious memory of his four-week stay in hospital.

- Beneath the conscious mind there are many levels of the unconscious.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ subconscious

7. consciously

- Most people cannot consciously remember much before the ages of 5 to 7 years.

- Sometimes we are not consciously aware of these feelings.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

conscious

adjective

1.

aware

alert

alive to

awake

responsive

sensible

sentient

2.

deliberate

calculated

intentional

knowing

premeditated

self-conscious

studied

wilful

-conscious

-conscious
-conscious combines with words such as `health', `fashion', `politically', and `environmentally' to form adjectives which describe someone who believes that the aspect of life indicated is important.

- We're all becoming increasingly health-conscious these days.

- Environmentally conscious West Germans are worried about the pollution the car produces.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED
= aware

consciousness

[D.J.:ˈkɔnʃəsnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnʃəsnɪs]

n.

知觉

意识, 观念, 觉悟

察觉, 感觉

consciousness ***

1. consciousness consciousnesses
Your consciousness is your mind and your thoughts.

- That idea has been creeping into our consciousness for some time.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu poss N
= awareness

2. consciousness
The consciousness of a group of people is their set of ideas, attitudes, and beliefs.

- The Greens were the catalysts of a necessary change in the European consciousness.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp
= awareness

3. consciousness
You use consciousness to refer to an interest in and knowledge of a particular subject or idea.

- Her political consciousness sprang from her upbringing when her father's illness left the family short of money.

N-UNCOUNT: supp N
= awareness

4. consciousness
Consciousness is the state of being awake rather than being asleep or unconscious. If someone loses consciousness , they become unconscious, and if they regain consciousness , they become conscious after being unconscious.

- She banged her head and lost consciousness.

- He drifted in and out of consciousness.

N-UNCOUNT

consciousness

noun

awareness

apprehension

knowledge

realization

recognition

sensibility

consciousness raising

consciousness raising
Consciousness raising is the process of developing awareness of an unfair situation, with the aim of making people want to help in changing it.

- ...consciousness-raising groups.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

conscript

[D.J.:ˈkɔnˌskrɪpt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌskrɪpt]

vt.

征召(某人入伍)

n.

应征入伍者

conscript *

1. conscript conscripts
A conscript is a person who has been made to join the armed forces of a country.
N-COUNT
= draftee ≠ volunteer

2. conscript conscripts conscripting conscripted
If someone is conscripted , they are officially made to join the armed forces of a country.

- He was conscripted into the German army.

- Peter was conscripted like every other young man.

VB: usu passive
= be drafted

conscription

[D.J.:kənˈskrɪpʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈskrɪpʃən]

n.

征兵

conscription *

conscription
Conscription is officially making people in a particular country join the armed forces.

- All adult males will be liable for conscription.

N-UNCOUNT
= the draft

consecrate

[D.J.:ˈkɔnsɪˌkreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnsɪˌkret]

vt.

把…奉为神圣;给…祝圣

奉献

consecrated

adj.

神圣的,被视为神圣的

consecration

[D.J.:ˌkɔnsiˈkreiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnsɪˈkreʃən]

n.

供献,奉献,献祭仪式

consecrate *

1. consecrate consecrates consecrating consecrated
When a building, place, or object is consecrated , it is officially declared to be holy. When a person is consecrated , they are officially declared to be a bishop.

- The church was consecrated in 1234.

- He defied Pope John Paul II by consecrating four bishops without his approval.

VB

2. consecration

- ...the consecration of Barbara Harris as a Bishop.

N-UNCOUNT

consecrate

verb

sanctify

dedicate

devote

hallow

ordain

set apart

venerate

consecutive

[D.J.:kənˈsekjutiv]

[K.K.:kənˈsɛkjətɪv]

adj.

连续的, 连贯的

consecutively

adv.

连续地

consecutive **

1. consecutive
Consecutive periods of time or events happen one after the other without interruption.

- The Cup was won for the third consecutive year by the Toronto Maple Leafs.

- Photographs taken at the same time on two consecutive sunny days can be quite different from one another.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= successive

2. consecutively

- ...a CD player which plays six CDs consecutively.

ADV: ADV after v

consecutive

adjective

successive

in sequence

in turn

running

sequential

succeeding

uninterrupted

consensual

[D.J.:kənˈsensjuəl]

[K.K.:kənˈsɛnʃuəl]

adj.

经双方同意的, 一致同意的

consensual

1. consensual
A consensual approach, view, or decision is one that is based on general agreement among all the members of a group.

- What I did argue for was a less abrasive, more consensual approach to policy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. consensual
If sexual activity is consensual , both partners willingly take part in it. (LEGAL)

- Consensual sexual contact between two males can be a criminal activity.

ADJ

consensus

[D.J.:kənˈsensəs]

[K.K.:kənˈsɛnsəs]

n.

(意见等)一致, 一致同意

consensus **

consensus
A consensus is general agreement among a group of people.

- The consensus amongst the world's scientists is that the world is likely to warm up over the next few decades.

- The question of when the troops should leave would be decided by consensus.

N-SING: also no det

consensus

noun

agreement

assent

common consent

concord

general agreement

harmony

unanimity

unity

consent

[D.J.:kənˈsent]

[K.K.:kənˈsɛnt]

n.

准许, 同意, 赞成

vi.

同意; 赞成

consenting

adj.

同意的

consent **

1. consent
If you give your consent to something, you give someone permission to do it. (FORMAL)

- At approximately 11:30 p.m., Pollard finally gave his consent to the search.

- Can my child be medically examined without my consent?

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

2. consent consents consenting consented
If you consent to something, you agree to do it or to allow it to be done. (FORMAL)

- He finally consented to go.

- He asked Ginny if she would consent to a small celebration after the christening.

- I was a little surprised when she consented.

VB
= agree

3. consent
If something happens by common consent or by mutual consent , it happens as the result of an agreement between the people or groups involved.

- By common consent their talk avoided the reason for their being there at all.

- He left the company by mutual consent last September.

PHR: PHR with v

4. consent
You can use by general consent or by common consent to indicate that most people agree that something is true.

- By common consent this election constituted a historic step on the road to democracy.

PHR: PHR with cl

consenting

consenting
A consenting adult is a person who is considered to be old enough to make their own decisions about who they have sex with.

- What consenting adults do in private is their own business.

ADJ: ADJ n

consent

noun

1.

agreement

acquiescence

approval

assent

compliance

go-ahead informal

O.K. or okay informal

permission

sanction

verb

2.

agree

acquiesce

allow

approve

assent

concur

permit

consequence

[D.J.:ˈkɔnsikwəns]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛns, -kwəns]

n.

结果, 后果

重要(性), 重大

consequence ***

1. consequence consequences
The consequences of something are the results or effects of it.

- Her lawyer said she understood the consequences of her actions and was prepared to go to jail.

- An economic crisis may have tremendous consequences for our global security.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

2. consequence
If one thing happens and then another thing happens in consequence or as a consequence , the second thing happens as a result of the first.

- His death was totally unexpected and, in consequence, no plans had been made for his replacement.

- Maternity services were to be reduced in consequence of falling birth rates.

- ...people who are suffering and dying as a consequence of cigarette smoking...

PHR: PHR with cl/group
= consequently

3. consequence
Something or someone of consequence is important or valuable. If something or someone is of no consequence , or of little consequence , they are not important or valuable. (FORMAL)

- As a post-office overseer in Banagher, aged 26, he suddenly found himself a person of consequence.

- The religious affiliation of those they choose to marry is of no consequence to anyone but the individuals concerned.

PHR: oft with brd-neg, n PHR, v-link PHR
= importance

4. consequence
If you tell someone that they must take the consequences or face the consequences , you warn them that something unpleasant will happen to them if they do not stop behaving in a particular way.

- These pilots must now face the consequences of their actions and be brought to trial.

- If climate changes continue, we will suffer the consequences.

PHR: V inflects

consequence

noun

1.

result

effect

end result

issue

outcome

repercussion

sequel

upshot

2.

importance

account

concern

import

moment

significance

value

weight

consequent

[D.J.:ˈkɔnsikwənt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛnt, -kwənt]

adj.

作为结果的, 随之发生的

consequent *

consequent
Consequent means happening as a direct result of an event or situation. (FORMAL)

- The warming of the Earth and the consequent climatic changes affect us all.

- The changes in social work consequent upon reorganization have been considerable.

ADJ: usu ADJ n, also n ADJ upon/on n
= consequential

consequent

adjective

following

ensuing

resultant

resulting

subsequent

successive

consequential

[D.J.:ˌkɔnsɪˈkwenʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl]

adj.

作为结果的,间接的

重要的

consequential

1. consequential
Consequential means the same as consequent . (FORMAL)

- The actual estimate for extra staff and consequential costs such as accommodation was an annual £9.18m.

ADJ: ADJ n
= consequent

2. consequential
Something that is consequential is important or significant. (FORMAL)

- This new transformation is at least as consequential as that one was.

- From a medical standpoint a week is usually not a consequential delay.

ADJ-GRADED
= significant ≠ inconsequential

consequently

[D.J.:ˈkɔnsikwəntli]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛntli, -kwəntli]

adv.

所以, 因此

consequently **

consequently
Consequently means as a result. (FORMAL)

- Grandfather Dingsdale had sustained a broken back while working in the mines. Consequently, he spent the rest of his life in a wheelchair.

- Relations between the two companies had, consequently, never been close.

ADV: ADV with cl
= as a result

consequently

adverb

as a result

accordingly

ergo

hence

subsequently

therefore

thus

conservancy

[D.J.:kənˈsə:vənsi]

[K.K.:kənˈsɚvənsi]

n.

(自然物源的)保护,管理

conservancy

conservancy
Conservancy is used in the names of organizations that work to preserve and protect the environment.

- ...the Nature Conservancy Council.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n
= conservation

conservation

[D.J.:ˌkɔnsəˈveiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnsɚˈveʃən]

n.

保存, 保护, 避免浪费

对自然环境的保护

conservation **

1. conservation
Conservation is saving and protecting the environment.

- ...a four-nation regional meeting on elephant conservation.

- ...tree-planting and other conservation projects.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. conservation
Conservation is saving and protecting historical objects or works of art such as paintings, sculptures, or buildings.

- Then he began his most famous work, the conservation and rebinding of the Book of Kells.

N-UNCOUNT

3. conservation
The conservation of a supply of something is the careful use of it so that it lasts for a long time.

- ...projects aimed at promoting energy conservation.

- ...rules concerning the conservation of fishery resources.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

conservation

noun

protection

guardianship

husbandry

maintenance

preservation

safeguarding

safekeeping

saving

upkeep

conservation area

1. conservation area conservation areas
In Britain, a conservation area is an area where birds and animals are protected.

- ...wildlife conservation areas.

N-COUNT

2. conservation area conservation areas
In Britain, a conservation area is an area where old buildings are protected and new building is controlled.

- You probably won't need to apply for planning permission unless you live in a listed building or conservation area.

N-COUNT

conservationist

[D.J.:ˌkɔnsɜ:ˈveɪʃənɪst]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnsə..ˈveʃənɪst]

n.

自然资源保护者,生态环境保护者

conservationist *

conservationist conservationists
A conservationist is a someone who cares greatly about the conservation of the environment and who works to protect it.
N-COUNT
= environmentalist

conservatism

[D.J.:kənˈsɜ:vəˌtɪzəm]

[K.K.:kənˈsə..vəˌtɪzəm]

n.

保守,守旧

(政治上的)保守主义

conservatism *

1. conservatism
Conservatism is a political philosophy which believes that if changes need to be made to society, they should be made gradually. You can also refer to the political beliefs of a conservative party in a particular country as Conservatism .

- ...the philosophy of modern Conservatism.

N-UNCOUNT The spelling Conservatism is also used

2. conservatism
Conservatism is unwillingness to accept changes and new ideas.

- The conservatism of the literary establishment in this country is astounding.

- He began his professional life as an accountant, the very model of respectability and conservatism.

N-UNCOUNT

conservative

[D.J.:kənˈsə:vətiv]

[K.K.:kənˈsɚvətɪv]

n.

保守的人

adj.

保守的, 守旧的

(式样等)不时新的, 传统的

conservatively

[D.J.:kənˈsɜ:vətɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:kənˈsə..vətɪvlɪ]

adv.

保存地

保守地

谨慎地

conservative ****

1. conservative
A Conservative politician or voter is a member of or votes for the Conservative Party in Britain.

- Most Conservative MPs appear happy with the government's reassurances.

- ...disenchanted Conservative voters.

ADJ The spelling Conservative is also used
= Tory

2. conservative conservatives
Also a noun.

- In 1951 the Conservatives were returned to power.

N-COUNT The spelling Conservative is also used

3. conservative
Someone who is conservative has right-wing views.

- ...counties whose citizens invariably support the most conservative candidate in any election.

ADJ-GRADED
= right-wing

4. conservative conservatives
Also a noun.

- The new judge is 50-year-old David Suitor who's regarded as a conservative.

N-COUNT

5. conservative
Someone who is conservative or has conservative ideas is unwilling to accept changes and new ideas.

- People tend to be more aggressive when they're young and more conservative as they get older.

- It is essentially a narrow and conservative approach to child care.

ADJ-GRADED
= traditionalist

6. conservative
If someone dresses in a conservative way, their clothes are conventional in style.

- The girl was well dressed, as usual, though in a more conservative style.

ADJ-GRADED

7. conservatively

- She was always very conservatively dressed when we went out.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

8. conservative
A conservative estimate or guess is one in which you are cautious and estimate or guess a low amount which is probably less that the real amount.

- A conservative estimate of the bill, so far, is about £22,000.

- This guess is probably on the conservative side.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

9. conservatively

- The bequest is conservatively estimated at £30 million.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

conservative

adjective

1.

traditional

cautious

conventional

die-hard

hidebound

reactionary

sober

noun

2.

traditionalist

reactionary

stick-in-the-mud informal

Conservative Party **

Conservative Party
The Conservative Party is the main right of centre party in Britain.
N-PROPER: usu the N

conservatoire

[kənˈsə:vətwɑ:]

n.

公立音乐学校,艺术学校

conservatoire

conservatoire conservatoires
A conservatoire is an institution where musicians are trained.

- ...the Paris Conservatoire.

N-COUNT: oft in names
= conservatory

conservator

[D.J.:ˈkɔnsə(:)veitə]

[K.K.:kənˈsɚvətɚ, ˈkɑnsɚˌvetɚ]

n.

保护者,(博物馆的)管理员,(公共福利的)监督官

conservator

conservator conservators
A conservator is someone whose job is to clean and repair historical objects or works of art.
N-COUNT

conservatory

[D.J.:kənˈsɜ:vəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:]

[K.K.:kənˈsə..vəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

n.

(培植植物的)温室,暖房

conservatory *

1. conservatory conservatories
A conservatory is a room with glass walls and a glass roof, which is attached to a house. People often grow plants in a conservatory.
N-COUNT

2. conservatory conservatories
A conservatory is an institution where musicians are trained.

- ...the New England Conservatory of Music.

N-COUNT: oft in names
= conservatoire

conserve

[D.J.:kənˈsə:v]

[K.K.:kənˈsɚv]

vt.

保护, 保藏, 保存

conserve *

1. conserve conserves conserving conserved
If you conserve a supply of something, you use it carefully so that it lasts for a long time.

- The republic's factories have closed for the weekend to conserve energy.

VB
= save

2. conserve conserves conserving conserved
To conserve something means to protect it from harm, loss, or change.

- ...a big increase in US aid to help developing countries conserve their forests.

- ...the Government-funded body responsible for conserving historic buildings.

VB
= preserve

3. conserve conserves
Conserve is jam containing a large proportion of fruit, usually in whole pieces.
N-MASS

conserve

verb

protect

hoard

husband

keep

nurse

preserve

save

store up

take care of

use sparingly

consider

[D.J.:kənˈsidə]

[K.K.:kənˈsɪdɚ]

vt. & vi.

考虑

vt.

把…看作, 认为

关心, 体谅, 顾及

considered

[D.J.:kənˈsɪdəd]

[K.K.:kənˈsɪdəd]

adj.

经过仔细考虑的, 经过深思熟虑的

受尊敬的, 受尊重的, 受推崇的

one’s considered opinion

经过深思熟虑的看法

considering

[D.J.:kənˈsɪdərɪŋ]

[K.K.:kənˈsɪdərɪŋ]

prep.

考虑到, 就…而论

adv.

从各方面考虑, 从通盘考虑

consider *****

1. consider considers considering considered
If you consider a person or thing to be something, you have the opinion that this is what they are.

- We don't consider our customers to be mere consumers; we consider them to be our friends.

- I had always considered myself a strong, competent woman.

- The paper does not explain why foreign ownership should be considered bad.

- I consider activities such as jogging and weightlifting as unnatural.

- Barbara considers that pet shops which sell customers these birds are very unfair.

VB
= think

2. consider considers considering considered
If you consider something, you think about it carefully.

- The government is being asked to consider a plan to fix the date of the Easter break.

- You do have to consider the feelings of those around you.

- Consider how much you can afford to pay for a course, and what is your upper limit.

VB
= think about

3. consider considers considering considered
If you are considering doing something, you intend to do it, but have not yet made a final decision whether to do it.

- I had seriously considered telling the story from the point of view of the wives.

- Watersports enthusiasts should consider hiring a wetsuit as well as a lifejacket.

- They are considering the launch of their own political party.

VB
= think about

4. consider
You say all things considered to indicate that you are making a judgement after taking all the facts into account.

- All things considered, I think you have behaved marvellously in coming here.

PHR: PHR with cl
= all in all

considered *

considered
A considered opinion or act is the result of careful thought.

- Obviously it was Anne's considered opinion that Mavis was a bold-faced liar.

- We would hope to be able to give a considered response to the unions' proposals by the end of the year.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
See also consider .

considering ***

1. considering
You use considering to indicate that you are thinking about a particular fact when making a judgement or giving an opinion.

- He must be hoping, but considering the situation in June he may hoping for too much too soon.

- The former hostage is in remarkably good shape considering his ordeal.

PREP

2. considering
You use considering that to indicate that you are thinking about a particular fact when making a judgement or giving an opinion.

- Considering that you are no longer involved with this man, your response is a little extreme.

CONJ-SUBORD

3. considering
When you are giving an opinion or making a judgement, you can use considering to suggest that you have thought about all the circumstances, and often that something has succeeded in spite of these circumstances. (SPOKEN)

- I think you're pretty safe, considering.

ADV: cl ADV
= all things considered

consider

verb

1.

think

believe

deem

hold to be

judge

rate

regard as

2.

think about

cogitate

contemplate

deliberate

meditate

ponder

reflect

ruminate

turn over in one's mind

weigh

3.

bear in mind

keep in view

make allowance for

reckon with

remember

respect

take into account

considering

preposition

taking into account

in the light of

in view of

considerable

[D.J.:kənˈsidərəbl]

[K.K.:kənˈsɪdərəbəl]

adj.

相当大(或多)的

considerably

[D.J.:kənˈsɪdərəblɪ]

[K.K.:kənˈsɪdərəblɪ]

adv.

相当,非常,颇

considerable ****

1. considerable
Considerable means great in amount or degree. (FORMAL)

- To be without Pearce would be a considerable blow.

- Doing it properly makes considerable demands on our time.

- Vets' fees can be considerable, even for routine visits.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= substantial

2. considerably

- Children vary considerably in the rate at which they learn these lessons.

- Their dinner parties had become considerably less formal.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV compar
= significantly

considerable

adjective

large

appreciable

goodly

great

marked

noticeable

plentiful

sizable or sizeable

substantial

considerably

adverb

greatly

appreciably

markedly

noticeably

remarkably

significantly

substantially

very much

considerate

[D.J.:kənˈsidərit]

[K.K.:kənˈsɪdərɪt]

adj.

体贴的, 体谅的

considerately

adv.

体贴地,体谅地

considerate *

1. considerate
Someone who is considerate pays attention to the needs, wishes, or feelings of other people.

- I think he's the most charming, most considerate man I've ever known.

- I've always understood one should try and be considerate of other people.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of n approval
≠ inconsiderate

2. considerately

- He treats everyone equally and considerately.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

considerate

adjective

thoughtful

attentive

concerned

kindly

mindful

obliging

patient

tactful

unselfish

consideration

[D.J.:kənˌsidəˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:kənˌsɪdəˈreʃən]

n.

体贴, 关心

考虑; 要考虑的事

报酬, 补偿费

consideration ***

1. consideration
Consideration is careful thought about something.

- He said there should be careful consideration of the future role of the BBC.

N-UNCOUNT

2. consideration
If something is under consideration , it is being discussed.

- Several proposals are under consideration by the state assembly.

N-UNCOUNT: under N

3. consideration
If you show consideration , you pay attention to the needs, wishes, or feelings of other people.

- Show consideration for other rail travellers.

- Really, her tone said, some people have absolutely no consideration.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n

4. consideration considerations
A consideration is something that should be thought about, especially when you are planning or deciding something.

- They should not allow partisan political considerations or interests to cloud their judgement.

- Price has become a more important consideration for shoppers in choosing which store to visit than it was before the recession.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

5. consideration
If you take something into consideration , you think about it because it is relevant to what you are doing.

- The whole affair is bound to be taken into consideration when the Indian side is picked.

- Safe driving is good driving because it takes into consideration the lives of other people.

PHR: V inflects
= take into account

consideration

noun

1.

thought

analysis

deliberation

discussion

examination

reflection

review

scrutiny

2.

factor

concern

issue

point

3.

thoughtfulness

concern

considerateness

kindness

respect

tact

4.

payment

fee

recompense

remuneration

reward

tip

consign

[D.J.:kənˈsaɪn]

[K.K.:kənˈsaɪn]

vt.

把…托人代售

把…托付给, 把…交付给

consign to

丟弃，拋弃(人或物)；把…搁置一旁

把…置于(令人不快的境地)；打发；发落

consign *

consign consigns consigning consigned
To consign something or someone to a place where they will be forgotten about, or to an unpleasant situation or place, means to put them there. (FORMAL)

- For decades, many of Malevich's works were consigned to the basements of Soviet museums.

- It was time to consign his bat and glove to the cupboard.

- The far-reaching pact has also made sure the Cold War is consigned to history with a joint peace declaration.

VB
= relegate

consignment

[D.J.:kənˈsaɪnmənt]

[K.K.:kənˈsaɪnmənt]

n.

托付货物;托卖货物

寄售;托运;托付;交付

以寄售方式

consignment *

consignment consignments
A consignment of goods is a load that is being delivered to a place or person.

- The first consignment of food has already left Bologna.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= batch

consignment

noun

shipment

batch

delivery

goods

consist

[D.J.:kənˈsist]

[K.K.:kənˈsɪst]

vi.

组成, 构成

在于, 存在于

consist ***

1. consist consists consisting consisted
Something that consists of particular things or people is formed from them.

- My diet consisted almost exclusively of chocolate-covered biscuits and glasses of milk.

- Her crew consisted of children from Devon and Cornwall.

VB
= be made up of

2. consist consists consisting consisted
Something that consists in something else has that thing as its main or only part.

- His work as a consultant consisted in advising foreign companies on the siting of new factories.

- ...Baudelaire's idea that genius consists in the ability to summon up childhood.

VB

consist

verb

consist of

1.

be made up of

amount to

be composed of

comprise

contain

embody

include

incorporate

involve

consist in

2.

lie in

be expressed by

be found or contained in

inhere in

reside in

consistency

[D.J.:kənˈsɪstənsi:]

[K.K.:kənˈsɪstənsi]

n.

一致性, 连贯性

坚实度, 浓度, 黏稠度

consistency *

1. consistency
Consistency is the quality or condition of being consistent.

- He scores goals with remarkable consistency.

- There's always a lack of consistency in matters of foreign policy.

N-UNCOUNT

2. consistency
The consistency of a substance is how thick or smooth it is.

- Dilute the paint with water until it is the consistency of milk.

- I added a little milk to mix the dough to the right consistency.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

consistency

noun

1.

texture

compactness

density

firmness

thickness

viscosity

2.

constancy

evenness

regularity

steadfastness

steadiness

uniformity

consistent

[D.J.:kənˈsistənt]

[K.K.:kənˈsɪstənt]

adj.

一贯的, 始终如一的

一致的, 符合的

consistently

[D.J.:kənˈsɪstəntlɪ]

[K.K.:kənˈsɪstəntlɪ]

adv.

一贯地;坚持地；固守地

consistent ***

1. consistent
Someone who is consistent always behaves in the same way, has the same attitudes towards people or things, or achieves the same level of success in something.

- Becker has never been the most consistent of players anyway.

- ...his consistent support of free trade.

ADJ-GRADED

2. consistently

- It's something I have consistently denied.

- Jones and Armstrong maintain a consistently high standard.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj/adv

3. consistent
If one fact or idea is consistent with another, they do not contradict each other.

- This result is consistent with the findings of Garnett & Tobin.

- New goals are not always consistent with the existing policies.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n

4. consistent
An argument or set of ideas that is consistent is one in which no part contradicts or conflicts with any other part.

- A theory should be internally consistent.

ADJ
= coherent

consistent

adjective

1.

unchanging

constant

dependable

persistent

regular

steady

true to type

undeviating

2.

agreeing

coherent

compatible

congruous

consonant

harmonious

logical

consolation prize

1. consolation prize consolation prizes
A consolation prize is a small prize which is given to a person who fails to win a competition.
N-COUNT

2. consolation prize consolation prizes
A consolation prize is something that is arranged for or is given to a person to make them feel happier when they have failed to achieve something better.

- Her appointment was seen as a consolation prize after she had failed to win a seat in the Senate.

N-COUNT

consolation

[D.J.:ˌkɔnsəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnsəˈleʃən]

n.

安慰,慰问

起安慰作用的人(或事物)

consolatory

adj.

consolatory

[kənˈsɔlətəri]

adj.

慰问的,可藉慰的

console

[D.J.:kənˈsəul]

[K.K.:kənˈsol]

vt.

安慰, 慰问

consoling

adj.

可安慰的

console **

1. console consoles consoling consoled
If you console someone who is unhappy about something, you try to make them feel more cheerful.

- `Never mind, Ned,' he consoled me.

- Often they cry, and I have to play the role of a mother, consoling them.

- He will have to console himself by reading about the success of his compatriots.

- I can console myself with the fact that I'm not alone.

- He consoled himself that Emmanuel looked like a nice boy, who could be a good playmate for his daughter.

VB
= comfort

2. consoling

- It is not a consoling thought to Germans to see that Americans have the same kind of problem, too.

ADJ-GRADED
= cheering

3. consolation consolations

- The only consolation for the Scottish theatre community is that they look likely to get another chance.

- He knew then he was right, but it was no consolation.

N-VAR
= comfort

4. console consoles
A console is a panel with a number of switches or knobs that is used to operate a machine.
N-COUNT

consolation

noun

comfort

cheer

encouragement

help

relief

solace

succour

support

console

verb

comfort

calm

cheer

encourage

express sympathy for

soothe

consolidate

[D.J.:kənˈsɔlideit]

[K.K.:kənˈsɑlɪˌdet]

vt. & vi.

(使)巩固; (使)加强

(使)合并

consolidated

[D.J.:kənˈsɔlideitid]

[K.K.:kənˈsɑlɪˌdætɪd]

n.

加固的;整理过的;统一的

consolidation

[D.J.:kənˌsɔlɪˈdeɪʃən]

[K.K.:kənˌsɑlɪˈdeʃən]

n.

巩固,加强,强化

联合,统一;合并

变坚固

consolidate **

1. consolidate consolidates consolidating consolidated
If you consolidate something that you have, for example power or success, you strengthen it so that it becomes more effective or secure.

- The question is: will the junta consolidate its power by force?.

- Brydon's team-mate Martin Williamson consolidated his lead in the National League when he won the latest round.

VB

2. consolidation

- But change brought about the growth and consolidation of the working class.

- Even if not total, the Romans' hold was sufficient for them to begin the task of consolidation.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. consolidate consolidates consolidating consolidated
To consolidate a number of small groups or firms means to make them into one large organization.

- Judge Charles Schwartz is giving the state 60 days to disband and consolidate Louisiana's four higher education boards.

- IBM, which consolidated some operations last summer, has made clear that it needs to continue to streamline them.

VB

4. consolidation consolidations

- This consolidation meant having to reduce the numerical strength of the Army.

- Further consolidations in the industry could follow.

N-VAR

consolidate

verb

1.

strengthen

fortify

reinforce

secure

stabilize

2.

combine

amalgamate

federate

fuse

join

unite

consomm´e

consomm´e consomm´es
Consomm´e is a thin, clear soup, usually made from meat juices.

- The chicken consomm´e was watery.

N-MASS: oft n N

consonant

[D.J.:ˈkɔnsənənt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnsənənt]

n.

辅音, 子音

辅音字母

adj.

一致的, 符合的, 协调的

协和音的, 和音的

consonant

1. consonant consonants
A consonant is a sound such as `p', `f', `n', or `t' which you pronounce by stopping the air flowing freely through your mouth. Compare vowel .
N-COUNT

2. consonant
Something that is consonant with something else fits or agrees with it very well. (FORMAL)

- I found their work very much consonant with this way of thinking.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with n

consort

[D.J.:ˈkɔnˌsɔ:t]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌsɔrt]

n.

配偶

(演奏古典音乐的)一组乐师,一组古典乐器

in consort (with)

一起,共同

vi.

结伴， 交往

相称， 调和， 一致

vt.

使陪伴， 使相交， 使与...一致

consort with

与(某人)来往；结交(尤指不合适的人)

与…相称， 与…调和， 与…一致

consort *

1. consort consorts consorting consorted
If you say that someone consorts with a particular person or group, you mean that they spend a lot of time with them, and usually that you do not think this is a good thing. (FORMAL)

- He regularly consorted with known drug-dealers.

VB disapproval
= associate

2. consort
The ruling monarch's wife or husband is called their consort .

- At tea-time, Victoria sang duets with her Consort, Prince Albert.

- She was surely the most distinguished queen consort we have had.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE: oft n N

3. consort consorts
A consort of musicians or instruments is a group of them.

- The Sinfonietta shares the stage with a consort of viols.

N-COUNT

consort

verb

1.

associate

fraternize

go around with

hang about

around or out with

keep company

mix

noun

2.

spouse

companion

husband

partner

wife

consortia

[D.J.:kənˈsɔ:tɪə]

n.

公会, 银行团

consortium

[D.J.:kənˈsɔ:ti:əm, -ʃi:əm]

[K.K.:kənˈsɔrtiəm, -ʃiəm]

n.

(数家公司或银行联合组成的)财团, 联营企业

consortium **

consortium consortia or consortiums
A consortium is a group of people or firms who have agreed to co-operate with each other.

- The consortium includes some of the biggest building contractors in Britain.

N-COUNT-COLL

conspicuous

[D.J.:kənˈspikjuəs]

[K.K.:kənˈspɪkjuəs]

adj.

显眼的, 明显的

conspicuously

adv.

显著地,超群地

conspicuous *

1. conspicuous
If someone or something is conspicuous , people can see or notice them very easily.

- The most conspicuous way in which the old politics is changing is in the growing use of referendums.

- You may feel tearful in situations where you feel conspicuous.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ inconspicuous

2. conspicuously

- Britain continues to follow US policy in this and other areas where American policies have most conspicuously failed.

- Johnston's name was conspicuously absent from the list.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. conspicuous
If you say that someone or something is conspicuous by their absence , you are drawing attention to the fact that they are not in a place or situation where you think they should be.

- He played no part in the game and was conspicuous by his absence in the post-match celebrations.

PHR

conspicuous

adjective

1.

obvious

blatant

clear

evident

noticeable

patent

salient

2.

noteworthy

illustrious

notable

outstanding

prominent

remarkable

salient

signal

striking

conspicuous consumption

conspicuous consumption
Conspicuous consumption means spending your money in such a way that other people can see how wealthy you are.

- It was an age of conspicuous consumption -- those who had money liked to display it.

N-UNCOUNT

conspiracy

[D.J.:kənˈspirəsi]

[K.K.:kənˈspɪrəsi]

n.

阴谋, 密谋

conspiracy **

1. conspiracy conspiracies
Conspiracy is the secret planning by a group of people to do something illegal.

- Seven men, all from Bristol, admitted conspiracy to commit arson.

- He believes there probably was a conspiracy to kill President Kennedy in 1963.

N-VAR: oft N to-inf
= plot

2. conspiracy conspiracies
A conspiracy is an agreement between a group of people which other people think is wrong or is likely to be harmful.

- It's all part of a conspiracy to dispense with the town centre all together and move everything out to Meadowhall.

- It was like some kind of conspiracy against men.

N-COUNT: oft N to-inf

3. conspiracy
If there is a conspiracy of silence about something, people who know about it have agreed that they will not talk publicly about it, although it would probably be a good thing if people in general knew about it.

- Detectives have run into a conspiracy of silence in the tight-knit communities of the peninsula.

PHR

conspiracy

noun

plot

collusion

intrigue

machination

scheme

treason

conspiracy theory

conspiracy theory conspiracy theories
A conspiracy theory is a belief that a group of people are secretly trying to harm someone or achieve something. You usually use this term to suggest that you think this is unlikely.

- Did you ever swallow the conspiracy theory about Kennedy?

N-COUNT

conspirator

[D.J.:kənˈspɪərətə]

[K.K.:kənˈspɪrətɚ]

n.

共谋者,阴谋家

conspiratorial

adj.

conspiratorial

[D.J.:kənˌspirəˈtɔ:riəl]

[K.K.:kənˌspɪrəˈtɔriəl, -ˈtor-]

adj.

阴谋的,阴谋者的

conspirator *

conspirator conspirators
A conspirator is a person who joins a conspiracy.
N-COUNT

conspirator

noun

plotter

conspirer

intriguer

schemer

traitor

conspiratorial

1. conspiratorial
If someone does something such as speak or smile in a conspiratorial way, they do it in a way that suggests they are sharing a secret with someone.

- His voice had sunk to a conspiratorial whisper.

- When I went to collect the car, Bill met me with a conspiratorial grin.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. conspiratorially

- The officer leaned forward conspiratorially and said: `I shouldn't worry about it, mate.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. conspiratorial
Something that is conspiratorial is secret and illegal, often with a political purpose.

- There is nothing sinister or conspiratorial about the export licensing system.

- ...a secret and supposedly conspiratorial party meeting.

ADJ

conspire

[D.J.:kənˈspaiə]

[K.K.:kənˈspaɪr]

vi.

密谋, 搞阴谋

(事件等)巧合, 共同导致

conspire *

1. conspire conspires conspiring conspired
If two or more people or groups conspire to do something illegal or harmful, they make a secret agreement to do it.

- They'd conspired to overthrow the government.

- Mr Farmer and Mrs Jones both admitted conspiring to murder her husband.

- ...a defendant convicted of conspiring with his brother to commit robberies...

- I had a persecution complex and thought people were conspiring against me.

V-RECIP
= plot

2. conspire conspires conspiring conspired
If events conspire to produce a particular result, they seem to work together to cause this result.

- History and geography have conspired to bring Greece to a moment of decision.

- But fateful forces beyond the band's control were to conspire against them.

VB
= combine

conspire

verb

1.

plot

contrive

intrigue

machinate

manoeuvre

plan

scheme

2.

work together

combine

concur

contribute

cooperate

tend

constable

[D.J.:ˈkɔnstəbəl, ˈkʌn-]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnstəbəl, ˈkʌn-]

n.

<英>警察

constable **

1. constable
In Britain and some other countries, a constable is a police officer of the lowest rank.

- He was a constable at Sutton police station.

- ...Constable Stuart Clark...

- Thanks for your help, Constable.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC
See also Chief Constable .

2. constable
In the United States, a constable is an official who helps keep the peace in a town. They are lower in rank than a sheriff.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

constabulary

[D.J.:kənˈstæbjəˌleri:]

[K.K.:kənˈstæbjəˌlɛri]

n.

(某地区、国家的)警察部队

constabulary *

1. constabulary constabularies
In Britain and some other countries, a constabulary is the police force of a particular area.

- ...the Chief Constable of the Nottinghamshire Constabulary.

N-COUNT

2. constabulary constabularies
In the United States, a constabulary is the constables in a particular area, or the area that they are responsible for.
N-COUNT

constancy

[D.J.:ˈkɔnstənsi]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnstənsi]

n.

不屈不挠,坚定不移,恒久不变的状态或性质

constancy

1. constancy
Constancy is the quality of staying the same even though other things change.

- Climate reflects a basic struggle between constancy and change.

- We live in a world without constancy.

N-UNCOUNT

2. constancy
Constancy is the quality of being faithful and loyal to a particular person or belief.

- Even before they were married, she had worried over his constancy.

N-UNCOUNT approval
= fidelity

constant

[D.J.:ˈkɔnstənt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnstənt]

adj.

始终如一的, 恒久不变的

不断的, 连续发生的

忠实的, 忠诚的

constantly

[D.J.:ˈk ɔnstəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈk ɑnstəntlɪ]

adv.

不断地;时常地

constant ****

1. constant
You use constant to describe something that happens all the time or is always there.

- She suggests that women are under constant pressure to be abnormally thin.

- Inflation is a constant threat.

- He has been her constant companion for the last four months.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= continual

2. constantly

- The direction of the wind is constantly changing.

- We are constantly being reminded to cut down our fat intake.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adv/adj

3. constant
If an amount or level is constant , it stays the same over a particular period of time.

- The body feels hot and the temperature remains more or less constant at the new elevated level.

ADJ-GRADED
= stable

4. constant constants
A constant is a thing or value that always stays the same.

- In the world of fashion it sometimes seems that the only constant is ceaseless change.

- Two significant constants have been found in a number of research studies.

N-COUNT
≠ variable

constant

adjective

1.

continuous

ceaseless

incessant

interminable

nonstop

perpetual

sustained

unrelenting

2.

unchanging

even

fixed

invariable

permanent

stable

steady

uniform

unvarying

3.

faithful

devoted

loyal

stalwart

staunch

true

trustworthy

trusty

constantly

adverb

continuously

all the time

always

continually

endlessly

incessantly

interminably

invariably

nonstop

perpetually

constellation

[D.J.:ˌkɔnstəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnstəˈleʃən]

n.

星座

一群杰出人物

constellation *

1. constellation constellations
A constellation is a group of stars which form a pattern and have a name.

- ...a planet orbiting a star in the constellation of Cepheus.

N-COUNT

2. constellation constellations
A constellation of similar things is a group of them. (FORMAL)

- Most patients have a constellation of diseases, with few clear-cut distinctions between them.

- The largest gallery contains at its centre a constellation of photographs called My Wishes.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n

consternation

[D.J.:ˌkɔnstəˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnstɚˈneʃən]

n.

惊愕,惊恐,惊惶失措

consternation *

consternation
Consternation is a feeling of anxiety or fear. (FORMAL)

- His decision caused consternation in the art photography community.

- Sam stared at him in consternation.

N-UNCOUNT
= alarm dismay

consternation

noun

dismay

alarm

anxiety

distress

dread

fear

trepidation

constipated

[D.J.:ˈkɔnstəˌpeɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnstəˌpetɪd]

adj.

患便秘的

constipated

constipated
Someone who is constipated has difficulty in getting rid of solid waste from their body.
ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

constipation

[D.J.:ˌkɔnstəˈpeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnstəˈpeʃən]

n.

<医>便秘

constipation *

constipation
Constipation is a medical condition which causes people to have difficulty getting rid of solid waste from their body.
N-UNCOUNT

constituency

[D.J.:kənˈstɪtʃu:ənsi:]

[K.K.:kənˈstɪtʃuənsi]

n.

(选举国会议员的)选区

选区的全体选民

(政客或政党的)支持者, 赞助者

constituency **

1. constituency constituencies
A constituency is an area for which someone is elected as the representative in a parliament or government.
N-COUNT

2. constituency constituencies
A particular constituency is a section of society that may give political support to a particular party or politician.

- Mr Jackson had a natural constituency among American blacks.

- In France, farmers are a powerful political constituency.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

constituent

[D.J.:kənˈstitjuənt]

[K.K.:kənˈstɪtʃuənt]

n.

选民

成分, 构成部分, 要素

constituents

组分

constituent **

1. constituent constituents
A constituent is someone who lives in a particular constituency, especially someone who is able to vote in an election.
N-COUNT

2. constituent constituents
A constituent of a mixture, substance, or system is one of the things from which it is formed.

- Caffeine is the active constituent of drinks such as tea and coffee.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. constituent
The constituent parts of something are the things from which it is formed. (FORMAL)

- ...a plan to split the company into its constituent parts and sell them separately.

- ...the leaders of Russia's constituent republics.

ADJ: ADJ n

constituent

noun

1.

voter

elector

2.

component

element

factor

ingredient

part

unit

adjective

3.

component

basic

elemental

essential

integral

constituent assembly *

constituent assembly constituent assemblies
A constituent assembly is a body of representatives that is elected to create or change their country's constitution.
N-COUNT

constitute

[D.J.:ˈkɔnstitju:t]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnstɪˌtut, -ˌtjut]

vt.

构成, 组成

建立, 制定

选定, 任命

constitute **

1. constitute constitutes constituted
If something constitutes a particular thing, it can be regarded as being that thing.

- Testing patients without their consent would constitute a professional and legal offence.

- The vote hardly constitutes a victory.

- What constitutes abuse?

V-LINK: no cont

2. constitute constitutes constituted
If a number of things or people constitute something, they are the parts or members that form it.

- China's ethnic minorities constitute less than 7 percent of its total population.

- ...the four companies constituting the Aramco partnership.

V-LINK: no cont
= comprise

3. constitute constitutes constituting constituted
When something such as a committee or government is constituted , it is formally established and given authority to operate. (FORMAL)

- On 6 July a People's Revolutionary Government was constituted.

- The accused will appear before a specially constituted military tribunal.

VB: usu passive
= set up

constitute

verb

make up

compose

comprise

establish

form

found

set up

constitution

[D.J.:ˌkɔnstiˈtju:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃən, -ˈtju-]

n.

宪法, 法规, 章程

体格, 体质, 心理素质

构成方式, 构造

制定, 设立, 组成, 任命

constitution ***

1. constitution constitutions
The constitution of a country or organization is the system of laws which formally states people's rights and duties.

- The king was forced to adopt a new constitution which reduced his powers.

- ...the American Constitution...

- The club's constitution prevented women from becoming full members.

N-COUNT

2. constitution constitutions
Your constitution is your health.

- He must have an extremely strong constitution.

- I've always had the constitution of an ox.

N-COUNT: usu sing

constitution

noun

1.

health

build

character

disposition

physique

2.

structure

composition

form

make-up

nature

constitutional

[D.J.:ˌkɔnstɪˈtu:ʃənəl, -ˈtju:-]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃənəl, -ˈtju-]

adj.

宪法规定的,合乎宪法的

宪法的

体质上的,生来的

constitutionality

n.

合宪法性

constitutionalize

vt.

使宪法化

constitutionally

adv.

体质上,在本质上

constitutionality

[D.J.:ˈkɔnstiˌtju:ʃəˈnæləti]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnstɪˌtuʃəˈnælɪti, -ˌtju-]

n.

立宪,法治(尤指符合宪法)

constitutionalize

[D.J.:ˌkɔnstiˈtju: ʃənəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃənəˌlaɪz, -ˈtju-]

vt.

使宪法化,使具有宪法

constitutionally

[ˌkɔnstiˈtju:ʃənəli]

adv.

本质地,天生,体质上

constitutional ***

1. constitutional
Constitutional means relating to the constitution of a particular country or organization.

- Political leaders are making no progress in their efforts to resolve the country's constitutional crisis.

- We have a constitutional right to demonstrate.

- A Romanian judge has asked for a Constitutional Court ruling on the law.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. constitutionally

- ...a nationwide conspiracy to deprive women of their constitutionally protected rights.

ADV

constitutional

adjective

1.

statutory

chartered

vested

noun

2.

walk

airing

stroll

turn

constitutionality

constitutionality
In a particular political system, the constitutionality of a law or action is the fact that it is allowed by the constitution. (FORMAL)

- They plan to challenge the constitutionality of the law.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n

constrain

[D.J.:kənˈstrein]

[K.K.:kənˈstren]

vt.

强迫, 强使; 限制, 约束

constrained

[kənˈstreind]

adj.

不舒服的,被强迫的,拘泥的

constrain *

1. constrain constrains constraining constrained
To constrain someone or something means to limit their development or force them to behave in a particular way. (FORMAL)

- Women are too often constrained by family commitments and by low expectations.

- How can we produce top-class engineers when universities are constrained to offer salaries that can only attract mediocre staff?.

- It's the capacity of those roads which is going to constrain the amount of travel by car that can take place.

VB

2. constrained

- These will be very constrained budgets designed to get the deficit down.

ADJ-GRADED

3. constrain
If you feel constrained to do something, you feel that you must do it, even though you would prefer not to.

- For some reason he felt constrained to lower his voice.

PHR: V inflects, PHR to-inf

constrain

verb

1.

force

bind

coerce

compel

impel

necessitate

oblige

pressurize

2.

restrict

check

confine

constrict

curb

restrain

straiten

constraint

[D.J.:kənˈstreint]

[K.K.:kənˈstrent]

n.

强制; 限制, 约束

强制, 强迫

constraints

系统规定参数

constraint **

1. constraint constraints
A constraint is something that limits or controls what you can do.

- Their decision to abandon the trip was made because of financial constraints.

- Water shortages in the area will be the main constraint on development.

N-COUNT: oft adj N, N on n

2. constraint
Constraint is control over the way you behave which prevents you from doing what you want to do.
N-UNCOUNT
= restraint

constraint

noun

1.

restriction

check

curb

deterrent

hindrance

limitation

rein

2.

force

coercion

compulsion

necessity

pressure

restraint

constrict

[D.J.:kənˈstrikt]

[K.K.:kənˈstrɪkt]

vt.

压缩, 压紧, 使收缩

constricted

收缩的;狭窄的

constricting

压缩

constriction

[D.J.:kənˈstrɪkʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈstrɪkʃən]

n.

压缩;紧压的感觉;束紧

压缩物;阻塞物

constrict *

1. constrict constricts constricting constricted
If a part of your body, especially your throat, is constricted or if it constricts , something causes it to become narrower.

- Severe migraine can be treated with a drug which constricts the blood vessels.

- My throat constricted, so that I had to concentrate on breathing.

V-ERG

2. constricted

- His throat began to feel swollen and constricted.

ADJ-GRADED

3. constriction

- The pain is produced by constriction of the blood vessels.

N-UNCOUNT

4. constrict constricts constricting constricted
If something constricts you, it limits your actions so that you cannot do what you want to do.

- She objects to the tests the Government's advisers have devised because they constrict her teaching style.

- Men and women alike have been constricted by traditional sexual roles.

VB
= limit

5. constricted

- Many of the women I spoke to left because they felt constricted.

ADJ-GRADED
= restricted

6. constricting

- I find the office environment too rigid and constricting.

- The bill is filled with constricting amendments.

ADJ-GRADED
= limiting

7. constriction

- A general anxiousness developed and increased, leading to a constriction of her normal activities.

N-UNCOUNT

constriction

constriction constrictions
Constrictions are rules or factors which limit what you can do and prevent you from doing what you want to do.

- I remember my fury at the constrictions placed upon me as a child.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= restriction

See also constrict .

construct

[D.J.:kənˈstrʌkt]

[K.K.:kənˈstrʌkt]

vt.

修建, 建立

构成, 组成

construct **

1. construct constructs constructing constructed
If you construct something such as a building, road, or machine, you build it or make it.

- The French constructed a series of fortresses from Dunkirk on the Channel coast to Douai.

- The boxes should be constructed from rough-sawn timber.

- They thought he had escaped through a specially constructed tunnel.

VB
= build

2. construct constructs constructing constructed
If you construct something such as an idea, piece of writing, or system, you create it by putting different parts together.

- You will find it difficult to construct a spending plan without first recording your spending.

- He eventually constructed a business empire which ran to Thailand and Singapore.

- The novel is constructed from a series of on-the-spot reports.

- ...using carefully constructed tests.

VB
= create

3. construct constructs
A construct is a complex idea. (FORMAL)

- ...the underlying constructs (beliefs, philosophy, etc.) which influence action and behaviour...

- It was a re-enactment of the same mental construct under which slavery was justified.

N-COUNT
= concept

4. construct constructs
A construct is something that is built, made, or created. (FORMAL)

- As the flimsy constructs soared, the men paid out twine until the kites reached three or four thousand feet.

- The country was an artificial construct held together by force and intimidation for more than 70 years.

N-COUNT
= creation

construct

verb

build

assemble

compose

create

fashion

form

make

manufacture

put together

shape

construction

[D.J.:kənˈstrʌkʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈstrʌkʃən]

n.

建造, 建设; 建筑业

建造物, 建筑物

解释, 意思

结构, 句法关系

construction ***

1. construction
Construction is the building of things such as houses, factories, roads, and bridges.

- He'd already started construction on a hunting lodge.

- ...the only nuclear power station under construction in Britain.

- ...the downturn in the construction industry...

- Quincy wants a job in construction.

N-UNCOUNT
= building ≠ demolition

2. construction
The construction of something such as a vehicle or machine is the making of it.

- ...companies who have long experience in the construction of those types of equipment...

- With the exception of teak, this is the finest wood for boat construction.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

3. construction
The construction of something such as a system is the creation of it.

- ...the construction of a just system of criminal justice.

N-UNCOUNT: with poss
= creation

4. construction constructions
You can refer to an object that has been built or made as a construction .

- The British pavilion is an impressive steel and glass construction the size of Westminster Abbey.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= structure

5. construction
You use construction to refer to the structure of something and the way it has been built or made.

- The Shakers believed that furniture should be plain, simple, useful, practical and of sound construction.

- The chairs were light in construction yet extremely strong.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
= structure

6. construction constructions
The construction that you put on what someone says or does is your interpretation of what it means.

- The denial was limited to rejecting the construction put on his remarks.

- He put the wrong construction on what he saw.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= interpretation

7. construction constructions
A grammatical construction is a particular arrangement of words in a sentence, clause, or phrase.

- Avoid complex verbal constructions.

N-COUNT
= structure

construction

noun

1.

building

composition

creation

edifice

2.

interpretation

explanation

inference

reading

rendering

constructive

[D.J.:kənˈstrʌktɪv]

[K.K.:kənˈstrʌktɪv]

adj.

建设的,建设性的

constructively

adv.

建设性地

constructive **

1. constructive
A constructive discussion, comment, or approach is useful and helpful rather than negative and unhelpful.

- She welcomes constructive criticism.

- After their meeting, both men described the talks as frank, friendly and constructive.

- The Prime Minister has promised that Israel will play a constructive role.

- At least I'm doing something constructive.

ADJ-GRADED
= positive ≠ negative

2. constructively

- We are prepared to sit down and talk constructively with our European partners.

- Use the time constructively.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

constructive

adjective Formal

helpful

positive

practical

productive

useful

valuable

constructor

[kənˈstrʌktə]

n.

构造器

constructor

constructor constructors
A racing car constructor or aircraft constructor is a company that builds cars or aircraft.
N-COUNT

construe

[D.J.:kənˈstru:]

vt.

解释(陈述、行为等)

翻译;作句法分析

construe *

construe construes construing construed
If something is construed in a particular way, its nature or meaning is interpreted in that way. (FORMAL)

- What may seem helpful behaviour to you can be construed as interference by others.

- He may construe the approach as a hostile act.

- We are taught to construe these terms in a particular way.

VB

consul

[D.J.:ˈkɔnsəl]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnsəl]

n.

领事

consul *

consul consuls
A consul is an official who is sent by his or her government to live in a foreign city in order to look after all the people there that belong to his or her own country.

- The British Consul in Zurich has confirmed that a British man was among the people killed.

N-COUNT: oft supp N; N-TITLE

consular

[ˈkɔnsjulə]

adj.

领事的

consular *

consular
Consular means involving or relating to a consul or the work of a consul.

- If you need to return to the UK quickly, British Consular officials may be able to arrange it.

ADJ: ADJ n

consulate

[D.J.:ˈkɔnsjulit]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnsəlɪt]

n.

领事馆

consulate *

consulate consulates
A consulate is the place where a consul works.

- They managed to make contact with the British consulate in Lyons.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

consult

[D.J.:kənˈsʌlt]

[K.K.:kənˈsʌlt]

vt. & vi.

商议, 商量

vt.

请教, 咨询; 找(医生)诊治

翻阅, 查阅

顾及, 考虑

consulting

[kənˈsʌltiŋ]

adj.

商议的,顾问资格的,咨询的

consult ***

1. consult consults consulting consulted
If you consult an expert or someone senior to you or consult with them, you ask them for their opinion and advice about what you should do or their permission to do something.

- Consult your doctor about how much exercise you should attempt.

- He needed to consult with an attorney.

- If you are in any doubt, consult a financial adviser.

VB

2. consult consults consulting consulted
If a person or group of people consults with other people or consults them, they talk and exchange ideas and opinions about what they might decide to do.

- After consulting with her daughter and manager she decided to take on the part, on her terms.

- The two countries will have to consult their allies.

- The umpires consulted quickly.

V-RECIP

3. consult consults consulting consulted
If you consult a book or a map, you look in it or look at it in order to find some information.

- Consult the chart on page 44 for the correct cooking times.

- He had to consult a pocket dictionary.

VB

consult

verb

ask

compare notes

confer

pick (someone's) brains

question

refer to

take counsel

turn to

consultancy

[D.J.:kənˈsʌltnsi:]

[K.K.:kənˈsʌltnsi]

n.

顾问(工作)

consultancy *

1. consultancy consultancies
A consultancy is a company that gives expert advice on a particular subject.

- A survey of 57 hospitals by Newchurch, a consultancy, reveals striking improvements.

- ...a management consultancy from Switzerland.

N-COUNT

2. consultancy
Consultancy is expert advice on a particular subject which a person or group is paid to provide to a company or organization.

- He is acting on a consultancy basis.

- The project provides both consultancy and training.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

consultant

[D.J.:kənˈsʌltənt]

[K.K.:kənˈsʌltənt]

n.

顾问

高级顾问医生, 会诊医生

consultant ***

1. consultant consultants
A consultant is an experienced doctor with a high position, who specializes in one area of medicine. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use specialist )

- Shirley's brother is now a consultant heart surgeon in Sweden.

N-COUNT: oft N n

2. consultant consultants
A consultant is a person who gives expert advice to a person or organization on a particular subject.

- He was a consultant to the Swedish government.

- ...a team of management consultants sent in to reorganise the department.

N-COUNT: oft N to n, supp N

consultant

noun

specialist

adviser

authority

consultation

[D.J.:ˌkɔnsəlˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnsəlˈteʃən]

n.

磋商(会议),咨询,专家会诊

consultation **

1. consultation consultations
A consultation is a meeting which is held to discuss something. Consultation is discussion about something.

- Next week he'll be in Florida for consultations with President Mitterrand.

- The plans were drawn up in consultation with the World Health Organisation.

- The strike was called in protest at the government's lack of consultation with the unions.

N-VAR

2. consultation consultations
A consultation with a doctor or other expert is a meeting with them to discuss a particular problem and get their advice. Consultation is the process of getting advice from a doctor or other expert. (mainly BRIT)

- A personal diet plan is devised after a consultation with a nutritionist.

- ...fees paid for consultation and advice in tax matters.

N-VAR

3. consultation consultations
A consultation is a meeting where several doctors discuss a patient and his or her condition and treatment. (AM)
N-COUNT

4. consultation
Consultation of a book or other source of information is looking at it in order to find out certain facts.

- With such excellent studies available for consultation, it should be easy to avoid the pitfalls.

N-UNCOUNT

5. consultation
A consultation paper or document is a document containing ideas for changes in the law. It is published by the government or by an organization, so that people can discuss it and give their opinions on it. (mainly BRIT)

- The Government proposed a common retirement age of 63 in a consultation paper published yesterday.

ADJ: ADJ n

consultation

noun

seminar

appointment

conference

council

deliberation

dialogue

discussion

examination

hearing

interview

meeting

session

consultative

[D.J.:kənˈsʌltətɪv]

[K.K.:kənˈsʌltətɪv]

adj.

商议的,顾问的

consultative *

consultative
A consultative committee or document gives advice or makes proposals about a particular problem or subject.

- ...the consultative committee on local government finance.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= advisory

consulting room

consulting room consulting rooms
A doctor's or therapist's consulting room is the room in which they see their patients. (BRIT; in AM use doctor's office )
N-COUNT

consumable

[D.J.:kənˈsju:məbl]

[K.K.:kənˈsuməbəl]

adj.

可消费的

n.

消费品

consumables

消费品;消耗品

consumable

1. consumable
Consumable goods are items which are intended to be bought, used, and then replaced. (FORMAL)

- ...demand for consumable articles.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. consumable consumables
Also a noun.

- ...low-margin consumables like health and beauty aids.

N-COUNT: usu pl

consume

[D.J.:kənˈsju:m]

[K.K.:kənˈsum]

vt.

消耗, 消费, 耗尽

大吃, 大喝

烧毁, 毁灭

consuming

[D.J.:kənˈsju:miŋ]

[K.K.:kənˈsumɪŋ]

adj.

强烈的

consume **

1. consume consumes consuming consumed
If you consume something, you eat or drink it. (FORMAL)

- Martha would consume nearly a pound of cheese per day.

- ...serving chocolate ice-creams for the children to consume in the kitchen.

VB

2. consume consumes consuming consumed
To consume an amount of fuel, energy, or time means to use it up.

- Some of the most efficient refrigerators consume 70 percent less electricity than traditional models.

- ...plans which will consume hours of time and deplete your cash reserves.

VB
= use up

3. -consuming

- ...oil-consuming countries...

- It is very space-consuming.

COMB in ADJ

4. consume consumes consuming consumed
If a fire consumes a building, it completely destroys it. (FORMAL)

- ...the fire which consumed the dwelling.

VB

5. consume consumes consuming consumed
If a feeling or idea consumes you, it affects you very strongly indeed.

- The memories consumed him.

VB

consumed

consumed
If you are consumed with a feeling or idea, it affects you very strongly indeed. (LITERARY)

- They are consumed with envy and jealousy at what has happened to their sister.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with/by n
= eaten up

consuming **

consuming
A consuming passion or interest is more important to you than anything else.

- He has developed a consuming passion for chess.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
See also consume , time-consuming .

consume

verb

1.

eat

devour

eat up

gobble (up)

put away

swallow

2.

use up

absorb

dissipate

exhaust

expend

spend

squander

waste

3.

destroy

annihilate

demolish

devastate

lay waste

ravage

often passive 4.

obsess

absorb

dominate

eat up

engross

monopolize

preoccupy

consumer

[D.J.:kənˈsju:mə]

[K.K.:kənˈsumɚ]

n.

消费者, 顾客

consumers

用户

consumer ****

consumer consumers
A consumer is a person who buys things or uses services.

- ...claims that tobacco companies failed to warn consumers about the dangers of smoking.

- ...improving public services and consumer rights.

N-COUNT: oft N n

consumer

noun

buyer

customer

purchaser

shopper

user

consumer credit

consumer credit
Consumer credit is money that is lent to people by organizations such as banks, building societies, and shops so that they can buy things.

- New consumer credit fell to $3.7 billion in August.

N-UNCOUNT

consumer durable

consumer durable consumer durables
Consumer durables are goods which are expected to last a long time, and are bought infrequently. (BRIT; in AM use durable goods )

- Consumer durables such as refrigerators, television sets, bicycles and so on were produced in large quantities.

N-COUNT: usu pl

consumer goods *

consumer goods
Consumer goods are items bought by people for their own use, rather than by businesses. Compare capital goods .

- The choice of consumer goods available in local shops is small.

N-PLURAL

consumerism

[D.J.:kənˈsu:məˌrɪzəm]

[K.K.:kənˈsuməˌrɪzəm]

n.

消费主义 (认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法)

保护消费者利益主义

consumerism

1. consumerism
Consumerism is the belief that it is good to buy and use a lot of goods.

- They have clearly embraced Western consumerism.

N-UNCOUNT: oft supp N disapproval

2. consumerism
Consumerism is the protection of the rights and interests of consumers.
N-UNCOUNT

consumerist

用户至上主义者;主张消费主义的人

consumerist

consumerist
Consumerist economies are ones which encourage people to consume a lot of goods. (TECHNICAL)

- ...our consumerist society.

ADJ: usu ADJ n disapproval

consumer society

consumer society consumer societies
You can use consumer society to refer to a society where people think that spending money on goods and services is very important.
N-COUNT: usu sing

consummate

[D.J.:ˈkɔnsəˌmeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnsəˌmet]

vt.

使结束, 使完美

完婚;(婚礼后的)圆房

[D.J.:kənˈsʌmɪt]

[K.K.:kənˈsʌmɪt]

adj.

完美的

consummately

adv.

完成地,至上地

consummation

[D.J.:ˌkɔnsəˈmeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnsəˈmeʃən]

n.

完成;圆满;完美,极致

consummate *

1. consummate
You use consummate to describe someone who is extremely skilful. (FORMAL)

- He acted the part with consummate skill.

- Those familiar with Sanders call him a consummate politician.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. consummately

- The film is a well made, atmospheric, consummately acted piece.

ADV-GRADED

3. consummate consummates consummating consummated
If two people consummate a marriage or relationship, they make it complete by having sex.

- They consummated their passion only after many hesitations and delays.

VB

4. consummation

- ...the morning after the consummation of their marriage.

N-UNCOUNT

5. consummate consummates consummating consummated
To consummate an agreement means to complete it. (FORMAL)

- There have been several close calls, but no one has been able to consummate a deal.

VB

consummate

verb

1.

complete

accomplish

conclude

crown

end

finish

fulfil

adjective

2.

skilled

accomplished

matchless

perfect

polished

practised

superb

supreme

3.

complete

absolute

conspicuous

extreme

supreme

total

utter

consumption

[D.J.:kənˈsʌmpʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈsʌmpʃən]

n.

消费, 消耗; 消费[耗]量

肺病; 结核病

consumption **

1. consumption
The consumption of fuel or natural resources is the amount of them that is used or the act of using them.

- The laws have led to a reduction in fuel consumption in the US.

- ...a tax on the consumption of non-renewable energy resources.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

2. consumption
The consumption of food or drink is the act of eating or drinking something, or the amount that is eaten or drunk. (FORMAL)

- Most of the wine was unfit for human consumption.

- The average daily consumption of fruit and vegetables is around 200 grams.

- Excessive alcohol consumption is clearly bad.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

3. consumption
Consumption is the act of buying and using things.

- They were prepared to put people out of work and reduce consumption by strangling the whole economy.

- The production and consumption of goods and services is the ultimate aim of all economic endeavour.

N-UNCOUNT

4. consumption
If you do or say something for a particular person's or group's consumption , you do or say it especially for them, although your private thoughts or plans may be very different.

- The hard-line speech appears to be mostly for domestic consumption.

- The report was obviously designed for the consumption of members of the War Committee.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, PHR after v

5. consumption
Consumption is the same as tuberculosis . (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-UNCOUNT

consumption

noun

1.

using up

depletion

diminution

dissipation

exhaustion

expenditure

loss

waste

2.

tuberculosis

T.B.

consumptive

[D.J.:kənˈsʌmptiv]

[K.K.:kənˈsʌmptɪv]

adj.

消费的,消耗性的,浪费的

n.

肺病患者

consumptive

consumptive
A consumptive person suffers from tuberculosis . (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He took her on tour of Europe, but the travel only hastened her consumptive decline and death.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

cont

abbr.

contents 内容, 所含之物

继续的;不断的;连续的

cont

abbr.

contents 内容,所含之物

继续的;不断的;连续的

cont.

cont.
Cont. is an abbreviation for continued , which is used at the bottom of a page to indicate that a letter or text continues on another page.

contact

[D.J.:ˈkɔntækt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌtækt]

n.

接触

联系, 联络, 交往

社会关系, 熟人, 门路

触点, 接头

vt. & vi.

联系

contact ****

1. contact
Contact involves meeting or communicating with someone, especially regularly.

- Opposition leaders are denying any contact with the government in Kabul.

- He forbade contacts between directors and executives outside his presence.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, oft N with/between n

2. contact
If you are in contact with someone, you regularly meet them or communicate with them.

- He was in direct contact with the kidnappers.

- We do keep in contact.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft PHR with n
= in touch

3. contact contacts contacting contacted
If you contact someone, you telephone them, write to them, or go to see them in order to tell or ask them something.

- Contact the Tourist Information Bureau for further details.

- When she first contacted me Frances was upset.

VB
= get in touch with

4. contact
If you come into contact with someone or something, you meet that person or thing in the course of your work or other activities.

- Doctors I came into contact with voiced their concern.

- The college has brought me into contact with western ideas.

N-UNCOUNT: into N with n

5. contact
If you make contact with someone, you find out where they are and talk or write to them.

- How did you make contact with the terrorists?

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, PHR with n, pl-n V

6. contact
If you lose contact with someone who you have been friendly with, you no longer see them, speak to them, or write to them.

- Though they all live nearby, I lost contact with them really quickly.

- Mother and son lost contact when Nicholas was in his early twenties.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, PHR with n, pl-n V
= lose touch

7. contact
When people or things are in contact , they are touching each other.

- They compared how these organisms behaved when left in contact with different materials.

- The cry occurs when air is brought into contact with the baby's larynx.

- There was no physical contact, nor did I want any.

- This shows where the foot and shoe are in contact.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in/into N with n

8. contact
Radio contact is communication by means of radio.

- He failed to make radio contact.

- ...a technical problem reported by the pilot moments before he lost contact with the control tower.

N-UNCOUNT

9. contact contacts
A contact is someone you know in an organization or profession who helps you or gives you information.

- Their contact in the United States Embassy was called Phil.

N-COUNT

contact

noun Old-fashioned

1.

communication

association

connection

2.

touch

contiguity

3.

acquaintance

connection

verb

4.

get or be in touch with

approach

call

communicate with

reach

speak to

write to

contact lens *

contact lens contact lenses
Contact lenses are small plastic lenses that you put on the surface of your eyes to help you see better, instead of wearing glasses.
N-COUNT: usu pl

contagion

[D.J.:kənˈteɪdʒən]

[K.K.:kənˈtedʒən]

n.

传染,接触传染

道德败坏,歪风

contagion

1. contagion
Contagion is the spreading of a particular disease by someone touching another person who is already affected by the disease.

- They have been reluctant to admit AIDS patients, in part because of unfounded fears of contagion.

- I'm a blood donor; I can't risk any contagion.

N-UNCOUNT

2. contagion
You can use contagion to refer to the spreading of ideas, or attitudes, or feelings that you consider to be bad or unacceptable from one group of people to another.

- He continues to insulate his country from the contagion of foreign ideas.

N-SING: oft N of n disapproval

3. contagion contagions
A contagion is a contagious disease. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

contagious

[D.J.:kənˈteidʒəs]

[K.K.:kənˈtedʒəs]

adj.

(病)有传染性的

(人)患传染病的

有感染力的

contagious *

1. contagious
A disease that is contagious can be caught by touching people or things that are infected with it.

- ...a highly contagious disease of the lungs.

ADJ-GRADED
= catching

2. contagious
A feeling or attitude that is contagious spreads quickly among a group of people.

- Laughing is contagious.

- Antonio has a contagious enthusiasm for the beautiful aspect of food.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= infectious

contagious

adjective

infectious

catching

communicable

spreading

transmissible

contain

[D.J.:kənˈtein]

[K.K.:kənˈten]

vt.

包含; 容纳

控制, 抑制

contained

[kənˈteind]

v.

包含

contain ****

1. contain contains contained
If something such as a box, bag, room, or place contains things, those things are inside it.

- The bag contained a Christmas card.

- Factory shops contain a wide range of cheap furnishings.

- The 77,000-acre estate contains five of the highest peaks in Scotland.

VB: no cont

2. contain contains contained
If a substance contains something, that thing is a part of it.

- Greek yogurt contains much less fat than double cream.

- Many cars run on petrol which contains lead.

VB: no cont

3. contain contains contained
If writing, speech, or film contains particular information, ideas, or images, it includes them.

- This sheet contained a list of problems a patient might like to raise with the doctor.

- The two discs also contain two of Britten's lesser-known song-cycles.

VB: no cont

4. contain contains contained
If a group or organization contains a certain number of people, those are the people that are in it.

- The committee contains 11 Democrats and nine Republicans.

VB: no cont

5. contain contains containing contained
If you contain something, you control it and prevent it from spreading or increasing.

- More than a hundred firemen are still trying to contain the fire at the plant.

- The city authorities said the curfew had contained the violence.

VB
= control

6. contain contains containing contained
If you cannot contain a feeling such as excitement or anger, or if you cannot contain yourself, you cannot prevent yourself from showing your feelings.

- But he was bursting with curiosity, and one day he just couldn't contain himself. `What are you going to do?' he asked.

- Evans could barely contain his delight: `I'm so proud of her,' he said.

VB

contain

verb

1.

hold

accommodate

enclose

have capacity for

incorporate

seat

2.

include

comprehend

comprise

consist of

embody

embrace

involve

3.

restrain

control

curb

hold back

hold in

keep a tight rein on

repress

stifle

container

[D.J.:kənˈteinə]

[K.K.:kənˈtenɚ]

n.

容器

集装箱, 货柜

containers

器皿

container **

1. container containers
A container is something such as a box or bottle that is used to hold or store things in.

- ...the plastic containers in which fish are stored and sold.

- ...stainless steel or glass containers.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= receptacle

2. container containers
A container is a very large metal or wooden box used for transporting goods so that they can be loaded easily onto ships and lorries.
N-COUNT: usu N of n

container

noun

holder

receptacle

repository

vessel

container ship

container ship container ships
A container ship is a ship that is designed for carrying goods that are packed in large metal or wooden boxes.
N-COUNT

containment

[D.J.:kənˈteɪnmənt]

[K.K.:kənˈtenmənt]

n.

<正>控制;抑制

(对另一个国家力量的)遏制

遏制,遏制政策

containment *

1. containment
Containment is the action or policy of keeping another country's power or area of control within acceptable limits or boundaries.
N-UNCOUNT

2. containment
The containment of something dangerous or unpleasant is the act or process of keeping it under control within a particular area or place.

- Fire crews are hoping they can achieve full containment of the fire before the winds pick up.

- ...containment of the disease.

- ...a national health board to oversee cost containment and health-care reform.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n
= control

contaminant

[D.J.:kənˈtæmənənt]

[K.K.:kənˈtæmənənt]

n.

污染物,致污物

pollutant,contaminant

污染物

contaminant

contaminant contaminants
A contaminant is something that contaminates a substance such as water or food. (FORMAL)

- Contaminants found in poultry will also be found in their eggs.

- We are exposed to an overwhelming number of chemical contaminants every day in our air, water and food.

N-COUNT: usu pl

contaminate

[D.J.:kənˈtæmineit]

[K.K.:kənˈtæməˌnet]

vt.

把…弄脏, 污染

contaminated

[kənˈtæmineitid]

v.

污染

contamination

[D.J.:kənˌtæməˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:kənˌtæməˈneʃən]

n.

污染；弄脏；毒害

玷污

致污物

pollution,contamination

污染

contaminate **

1. contaminate contaminates contaminating contaminated
If something is contaminated by dirt, chemicals, or radiation, they make it dirty or harmful.

- Have any fish been contaminated in the Arctic Ocean?

- ...vast tracts of empty land, much of it contaminated by years of army activity.

VB

2. contaminated

- Nuclear weapons plants across the country are heavily contaminated with toxic wastes.

- More than 100,000 people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water.

ADJ-GRADED

3. contamination

- The contamination of the sea around Capri may be just the beginning.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

contaminate

verb

pollute

adulterate

befoul

corrupt

defile

infect

stain

taint

tarnish

contamination

noun

pollution

contagion

corruption

defilement

impurity

infection

poisoning

taint

contemplate

[D.J.:ˈkɔntempleit]

[K.K.:ˈkɑntəmˌplet]

vt. & vi.

深思, 细想, 仔细考虑

vt.

注视, 凝视

contemplated

预期的

contemplation

[D.J.:ˌkɔntəmˈpleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑntəmˈpleʃən]

n.

注视；凝视

沉思,冥想

意图;期望

contemplate **

1. contemplate contemplates contemplating contemplated
If you contemplate an action, you think about whether to do it or not.

- For a time he contemplated a career as an army medical doctor.

- She contemplates leaving for the sake of the kids.

VB
= consider

2. contemplate contemplates contemplating contemplated
If you contemplate an idea or subject, you think about it carefully for a long time.

- As he lay in his hospital bed that night, he cried as he contemplated his future.

- That makes it difficult to contemplate the idea that the present policy may not be sustainable.

VB

3. contemplation

- It is a place of quiet contemplation.

N-UNCOUNT

4. contemplate contemplates contemplating contemplated
If you contemplate something or someone, you look at them for a long time.

- He contemplated his hands, still frowning.

VB

5. contemplation

- He was lost in the contemplation of the landscape for a while.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

contemplate

verb

1.

think about

consider

deliberate

meditate

muse over

ponder

reflect upon

ruminate (upon)

2.

consider

envisage

expect

foresee

intend

plan

think of

3.

look at

examine

eye up

gaze at

inspect

regard

stare at

study

survey

view

contemplative

[D.J.:kənˈtemplətiv]

[K.K.:kənˈtɛmplətɪv, ˈkɑntəmˌple-]

adj.

沉思的, 出神的(尤指感觉上帝同在的)

contemplative

contemplative
Someone who is contemplative thinks deeply, or is thinking in a serious and calm way.

- Martin is a quiet, contemplative sort of chap.

- I went for long, contemplative walks by the river.

- Life there is slow and contemplative.

ADJ-GRADED

contemporaneous

[D.J.:kənˌtempəˈreinjəs]

[K.K.:kənˌtɛmpəˈreniəs]

adj.

同时期的,同时代的

contemporaneous

1. contemporaneous
If two events or situations are contemporaneous , they happen or exist during the same period of time. (FORMAL)

- Militant nationalism and militant revolutionism seem to be contemporaneous.

ADJ

2. contemporaneously

- The confession was not a precise record taken down contemporaneously during the interview.

ADV: ADV with v

contemporary

[D.J.:kənˈtempərəri]

[K.K.:kənˈtɛmpəˌrɛri]

adj.

当代的

同时代的, 同属一个时期的

n.

同代人, 同龄人

contemporary ***

1. contemporary
Contemporary things are modern and relate to the present time.

- She writes a lot of contemporary music for people like Whitney Houston.

- Perhaps he should have a more updated look, a more contemporary style.

- Only the names are ancient; the characters are modern and contemporary.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= modern

2. contemporary
Contemporary people or things were alive or happened at the same time as something else you are talking about.

- ...drawing upon official records and the reports of contemporary witnesses.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. contemporary contemporaries
Someone's contemporary is a person who is or was alive at the same time as them.

- Like most of my contemporaries, I grew up in a vastly different world.

- ...a glossary of musical terms found in Shakespeare and his contemporaries.

N-COUNT: usu pl, poss N

contemporary

adjective

1.

coexisting

concurrent

contemporaneous

2.

modern

à la mode

current

newfangled

present

present-day

recent

up-to-date

noun

3.

peer

fellow

contempt

[D.J.:kənˈtempt]

[K.K.:kənˈtɛmpt]

n.

轻视, 轻蔑

contempt **

1. contempt
If you have contempt for someone or something, you have no respect for them or think that they are unimportant.

- He has contempt for those beyond his immediate family circle.

- I hope voters will treat his advice with the contempt it deserves.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n
≠ respect

2. contempt
Contempt means the same as contempt of court . (LEGAL)

- Mr. Kelly was sentenced to six months in prison for contempt.

N-UNCOUNT
= contempt of court

3. contempt
If you hold someone or something in contempt , you feel contempt for them.

- Small wonder that many voters hold their politicians in contempt.

PHR: V inflects
familiarity breeds contempt : see familiarity .

contempt

noun

scorn

derision

disdain

disregard

disrespect

mockery

neglect

slight

contemptible

[D.J.:kənˈtemptəbəl]

[K.K.:kənˈtɛmptəbəl]

adj.

<正>可轻蔑的;可鄙的;卑劣的

contemptible

contemptible
If you feel that someone or something is contemptible , you feel strong dislike and disrespect for them. (FORMAL)

- Catherine was ready to explode. `I think you're contemptible!'.

- It was an even more contemptible performance than Butler's.

ADJ-GRADED
= despicable

contemptible

adjective

despicable

detestable

ignominious

measly

paltry

pitiful

shameful

worthless

contempt of court

contempt of court
Contempt of court is the criminal offence of disobeying an instruction from a judge or a court of law. (LEGAL)

- He faced imprisonment for contempt of court.

N-UNCOUNT
= contempt

contemptuous

[D.J.:kənˈtemptʃu:əs]

[K.K.:kənˈtɛmptʃuəs]

adj.

蔑视的;鄙视的;表示轻蔑的

contemptuously

[D.J.:kənˈtemptjʊəslɪ]

[K.K.:kənˈt ɛmptʃʊəslɪ]

adv.

轻蔑地

contemptuous *

1. contemptuous
If you are contemptuous of someone or something, you do not like or respect them at all.

- He was contemptuous of private farmers.

- He's openly contemptuous of all the major political parties.

- She gave a contemptuous little laugh.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ of n
≠ respectful

2. contemptuously

- `A deal!' she said contemptuously, `I hate all deals.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

contemptuous

adjective

scornful

arrogant

condescending

derisive

disdainful

haughty

sneering

supercilious

withering

contend

[D.J.:kənˈtend]

[K.K.:kənˈtɛnd]

vi.

争夺, 竞争

搏斗, 争斗

vt.

声称, 主张

contend **

1. contend contends contending contended
If you have to contend with a problem or difficulty, you have to deal with it or overcome it.

- It is time, once again, to contend with racism.

- American businesses could soon have a new kind of lawsuit to contend with.

VB

2. contend contends contending contended
If you contend that something is true, you state or argue that it is true. (FORMAL)

- The government contends that he is fundamentalist.

- `You were just looking,' contends Samantha. `I was the one doing all the work.'

VB

3. contend contends contending contended
If you contend with someone for something such as power, you compete with them to try to get it.

- ...the two main groups contending for power.

- ...with 10 UK construction yards contending with rivals from Norway, Holland, Italy and Spain.

- ...a binding political settlement between the contending parties.

V-RECIP

contend

verb

1.

compete

clash

contest

fight

jostle

strive

struggle

vie

2.

argue

affirm

allege

assert

dispute

hold

maintain

contender

[D.J.:kənˈtendə]

[K.K.:kənˈt ɛndɚ]

n.

(冠军)争夺者;竞争者

contender **

contender contenders
A contender is someone who takes part in a competition. (JOURNALISM)

- Her trainer said yesterday that she would be a strong contender for a place in Britain's Olympic squad.

- Our British Affairs correspondent reports on how the three contenders reacted to the news of the resignation.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N for/in n

content

[D.J.:ˈkɔntent]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌtɛnt]

n.

所容纳之物, 所含之物

(书等的)内容, 目录

容量, 含量

[kənˈtent]

adj.

满足的, 满意的

n.

满足, 满意

vt.

使满足, 使满意

contented

[D.J.:kənˈtentid]

[K.K.:kənˈtɛntɪd]

adj.

满意的, 满足的; 知足的

contentedly

[D.J.:kənˈtentɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:kənˈt ɛntɪdlɪ]

adv.

满足地;安心地

contents

目录

content 1 noun uses ***

1. content contents
The contents of a container such as a bottle, box, or room are the things that are inside it.

- Empty the contents of the pan into the sieve.

- I emptied the contents of the fridge into carrier bags.

- Sandon Hall and its contents will be auctioned by Sotheby's on October 6.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp, oft N of n

2. content
If you refer to the content or contents of something such as a book, speech, or television programme, you are referring to the subject that it deals with, the story that it tells, or the ideas that it expresses.

- She is reluctant to discuss the content of the play.

- Stricter controls were placed on the content of video films.

- The letter's contents were not disclosed.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, usu N of n

3. content contents
The contents of a book are its different chapters and sections, usually shown in a list at the beginning of the book.

- There is no initial list of contents.

N-PLURAL

4. content
The content of something such as an educational course or a programme of action is the elements that it consists of.

- Previous students have had nothing but praise for the course content and staff.

- This is how we see our tasks, and the substance and content of our work for the forthcoming period.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

5. content
You can use content to refer to the amount or proportion of something that a substance contains.

- Sunflower margarine has the same fat content as butter.

- He was astonished at the high gold content in the 340 million-year-old rock.

N-SING: n N

content 2 adjective and verb uses **

1. content
If you are content with something, you are willing to accept it, rather than wanting something more or something better.

- I am content to admire the mountains from below.

- I'm perfectly content with the way the campaign has gone.

- Not content with rescuing one theatre, Sally Green has taken on another.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, ADJ to-inf, ADJ with n/-ing

2. content
If you are content , you are fairly happy or satisfied.

- He says his daughter is quite content.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

3. content contents contenting contented
If you content yourself with something, you accept it and do not try to do or have other things.

- He wisely contented himself with his family and his love of nature.

- Most manufacturers content themselves with updating existing models.

VB

contented *

1. contented
If you are contented , you are satisfied with your life or the situation you are in.

- Whenever he returns to this place he is happy and contented.

- She was gazing at him with a soft, contented smile on her face.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ discontented

2. contentedly

- The landlady sighed contentedly.

ADV-GRADED

content

noun

1.

meaning

essence

gist

significance

substance

2.

amount

capacity

load

measure

size

volume

content

adjective

1.

satisfied

agreeable

at ease

comfortable

contented

fulfilled

willing to accept

verb

2.

satisfy

appease

humour

indulge

mollify

placate

please

noun

3.

satisfaction

comfort

contentment

ease

gratification

peace of mind

pleasure

contented

adjective

satisfied

comfortable

content

glad

gratified

happy

pleased

serene

thankful

contents

plural noun

constituents

elements

ingredients

load

contention

[D.J.:kənˈtenʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈtɛnʃən]

n.

竞争, 争夺

争论, 争执

论点, 主张

contention **

1. contention contentions
Someone's contention is the idea or opinion that they are expressing in an argument or discussion.

- It is my contention that death and murder always lurk as potentials in violent relationships.

- Sufficient research evidence exists to support this contention.

N-COUNT: usu poss N
= belief

2. contention
If something is a cause of contention , it is a cause of disagreement or argument.

- They generally tried to avoid subjects of contention between them.

- A particular source of contention are plans to privatise state-run companies.

N-UNCOUNT: usu n of N
See also bone of contention .

3. contention
If you are in contention in a contest, you have a chance of winning it.

- He was in contention for a place in the European championship squad.

PHR: v-link PHR

contentious

[D.J.:kənˈtenʃəs]

[K.K.:kənˈtɛnʃəs]

adj.

容易引起争论的,好争论的

contentious *

1. contentious
A contentious issue causes a lot of disagreement or arguments. (FORMAL)

- Sanctions are expected to be among the most contentious issues.

- ...a country where land prices are politically contentious.

ADJ-GRADED
= controversial

2. contentiously

- This time he was contentiously omitted from the team.

ADV-GRADED

3. contentious
A contentious person seems to like arguing and disagreeing with other people. (FORMAL)

- Rodney was a cheerful, elegant and gregarious if rather contentious man.

ADJ-GRADED
= argumentative

contentious

adjective

argumentative

bickering

captious

cavilling

disputatious

quarrelsome

querulous

wrangling

contentment

[D.J.:kənˈtentmənt]

[K.K.:kənˈtɛntmənt]

n.

满足,满意

contentment *

contentment
Contentment is a feeling of quiet happiness and satisfaction.

- I cannot describe the feeling of contentment that was with me at that time.

N-UNCOUNT
= happiness ≠ discontent

contentment

noun

satisfaction

comfort

content

ease

equanimity

fulfilment

happiness

peace

pleasure

serenity

contest

[D.J.:kənˈtest]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌtɛst]

vt. & vi.

争夺, 竞争

[ˈkɔntest]

n.

比赛, 竞赛, 竞争

搏斗, 争论, 纷争

contest ***

1. contest contests
A contest is a competition or game in which people try to win.

- Few contests in the recent history of British boxing have been as thrilling.

- ...a writing contest.

N-COUNT
See also beauty contest .

2. contest contests
A contest is a struggle to win power or control.

- The state election due in November will be the last such ballot before next year's presidential contest.

- a clear contest between Church and State.

N-COUNT

3. contest contests contesting contested
If someone contests an election or competition, they take part in it and try to win it. (mainly BRIT)

- He quickly won his party's nomination to contest the elections.

- ...a closely contested regional flower show.

VB

4. contest contests contesting contested
If you contest a statement or decision, you object to it formally because you think it is wrong or unreasonable.

- Your former employer has to reply within 14 days in order to contest the case.

- Gender discrimination is a hotly contested issue.

VB
= dispute

contest

noun

1.

competition

game

match

tournament

trial

2.

struggle

battle

combat

conflict

controversy

dispute

fight

verb

3.

dispute

argue

call in or into question

challenge

debate

doubt

object to

oppose

question

4.

compete

contend

fight

strive

vie

contestant

[D.J.:kənˈtestənt]

[K.K.:kənˈtɛstənt, ˈkɑnˌtɛstənt]

n.

竞争者; 参赛者

contestant *

contestant contestants
A contestant in a competition or quiz is a person who takes part in it.
N-COUNT
= competitor

contestant

noun

competitor

candidate

contender

entrant

participant

player

context

[D.J.:ˈkɔntekst]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌtɛkst]

n.

背景, 环境

上下文, 语境

context ***

1. context contexts
The context of an idea or event is the general situation that relates to it, and which helps it to be understood.

- We are doing this work in the context of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.

- ...the historical context in which Chaucer wrote...

- This is the context in which President Chirac must decide his policy.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft adj N, N of n

2. context contexts
The context of a word, sentence, or text consists of the words, sentences, or text before and after it which help to make its meaning clear.

- Without a context, I would have assumed it was written by a man.

N-VAR

3. context
If something is seen in context or if it is put into context , it is considered together with all the factors that relate to it.

- Taxation is not popular in principle, merely acceptable in context.

- It is important that we put Jesus into the context of history.

PHR
≠ out of context

4. context
If a statement or remark is quoted out of context , the circumstances in which it was said are not correctly reported, so that it seems to mean something different from the meaning that was intended.

- Thomas says that he has been taken out of context on the issue.

- Quotes can be manipulated and used out of context.

PHR
≠ in context

context

noun

1.

circumstances

ambience

conditions

situation

2.

frame of reference

background

connection

framework

relation

contextual

[D.J.:kɔnˈtekstjuəl]

[K.K.:kənˈtɛkstʃuəl, kɑn-]

adj.

文脉上的,前后关系的

contextual

contextual
A contextual issue or account relates to the context of something. (FORMAL)

- The writer builds up a clever contextual picture of upper class life.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

contiguous

[D.J.:kənˈtɪgju:əs]

[K.K.:kənˈtɪɡjuəs]

adj.

接触的,邻近的,共同的

contiguous

contiguous
Things that are contiguous are next to each other or touch each other. (FORMAL)

- Its vineyards are virtually contiguous with those of Ausone.

- ...two years of travel throughout the 48 contiguous states.

ADJ: oft ADJ to/with n
= adjacent adjoining

continent

[D.J.:ˈkɔntinənt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑntənənt]

n.

洲, 大陆

adj.

自制的, 克制的

continent ***

1. continent continents
A continent is a very large area of land, such as Africa or Asia, that consists of several countries.

- She loved the African continent.

- Dinosaurs evolved when most continents were joined in a single land mass.

N-COUNT

2. continent
People sometimes use the Continent to refer to the continent of Europe except for Britain. (mainly BRIT)

- Its shops are among the most stylish on the Continent.

N-PROPER: the N

continental

[D.J.:ˌkɔntəˈnentl]

[K.K.:ˌkɑntəˈnɛntl..]

adj.

大陆的,大陆性的,欧洲大陆的

continental **

1. continental
Continental means situated on or belonging to the continent of Europe except for Britain. (mainly BRIT)

- He sees no signs of improvement in the UK and continental economy.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. continental continentals
A continental is someone who comes from the continent of Europe. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl

3. continental
If you describe someone or something as continental , you think that they are typical of the continent of Europe. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He's very continental.

- Torquay is undeniably continental.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

4. continental
Continental is used to refer to something that belongs to or relates to a continent.

- Since these substances are not licensed, they cannot be sold in the continental United States.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. continental
The continental United States consists of all the states which are situated on the continent of North America, as opposed to Hawaii and territories such as the Virgin Islands. (mainly AM)

- Shipping is included on orders sent within the continental U.S.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

6. continental
Continental means existing or happening in the American colonies during the American Revolution. (AM)

- ...George Washington, Commander of the Continental Army...

- The Continental Congress called upon the 13 states to draft new constitutions establishing governments more conducive to `republican' principles.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

7. continental continentals
Continentals were soldiers who fought in the Continental Army against the British in the American Revolution. (AM)
N-COUNT

continental breakfast

continental breakfast continental breakfasts
A continental breakfast is breakfast that consists of food such as bread, butter, jam, and a hot drink. There is no cooked food.
N-COUNT

continental drift

continental drift
Continental drift is the slow movement of the Earth's continents towards and away from each other.
N-UNCOUNT

continental shelf

continental shelf
The continental shelf is the area which forms the edge of a continent, ending in a steep slope to the depths of the ocean.

- ...the deep water off the Continental Shelf.

N-UNCOUNT

contingencies

不可预见费

contingency

[D.J.:kənˈtɪndʒənsi:]

[K.K.:kənˈtɪndʒənsi]

n.

偶然发生的事故,意外事故

contingency *

1. contingency contingencies
A contingency is something that might happen in the future. (FORMAL)

- I need to examine all possible contingencies.

N-VAR
= possibility eventuality

2. contingency
A contingency plan or measure is one that is intended to be used if a possible situation actually occurs. (FORMAL)

- We have contingency plans.

ADJ: ADJ n

contingency

noun

possibility

accident

chance

emergency

event

eventuality

happening

incident

contingent

[D.J.:kənˈtindʒənt]

[K.K.:kənˈtɪndʒənt]

adj.

可能发生的, 可能的

有条件的

contingent **

1. contingent contingents
A contingent of police, soldiers, or military vehicles is a group of them. (FORMAL)

- Nigeria provided a large contingent of troops to the West African Peacekeeping Force.

- There were contingents from the navies of virtually all EC countries.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

2. contingent contingents
A contingent is a group of people representing a country or organization at a meeting or other event. (FORMAL)

- The strong British contingent suffered mixed fortunes.

- The whistles from the large contingent of England fans away to our left are deafening.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft adj N

3. contingent
If something is contingent on something else, the first thing depends on the second in order to happen or exist. (FORMAL)

- In effect, growth is contingent on improved incomes for the mass of the low-income population.

ADJ: usu ADJ on/upon n/-ing
= dependent

continual

[D.J.:kɔnˈtinjuəl]

[K.K.:kənˈtɪnjuəl]

adj.

不间断的, 不停的

多次重复的, 频繁的

continually

[D.J.:kənˈtɪnjʊəlɪ]

[K.K.:kənˈtɪnjʊəlɪ]

adv.

不停地；持续地

屡屡地,一再地

continual **

1. continual
A continual process or situation happens or exists without stopping.

- The school has been in continual use since 1883.

- They felt continual pressure to perform well.

- Despite continual pain, he refused all drugs.

ADJ: ADJ n
= continuous

2. continually

- She cried almost continually and threw temper tantrums.

- The large rotating fans whirred continually.

ADV: usu ADV with v
= continuously

3. continual
Continual events happen again and again.

- ...the government's continual demands for cash to finance its chronic deficit...

- She suffered continual police harassment.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. continually

- Malcolm was continually changing his mind.

- I had been writing him continually, trying to get him to call me.

ADV: usu ADV with v

continual

adjective

constant

frequent

incessant

interminable

recurrent

regular

repeated

unremitting

continually

adverb

constantly

all the time

always

forever

incessantly

interminably

nonstop

persistently

repeatedly

continuance

[D.J.:kənˈtinjuəns]

[K.K.:kənˈtɪnjuəns]

n.

继续, 连续; 持续的时间

continuance

continuance
The continuance of something is its continuation. (FORMAL)

- ...thus ensuring the continuance of the human species.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss
= continuation

continuation

[D.J.:kənˌtɪnju:ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:kənˌtɪnjuˈeʃən]

n.

继续,连续,持续

延长部分

continuation *

1. continuation continuations
The continuation of something is the fact that it continues, rather than stopping.

- It's the coalition forces who are to blame for the continuation of the war.

- What we'll see in the future is, in fact, a continuation of that trend.

N-VAR: usu with poss

2. continuation continuations
Something that is a continuation of something else is closely connected with it or forms part of it.

- ...since this chapter is a continuation of Chapter 8...

- It would just be a continuation of previous visits he has made to Israel.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n

continuation

noun

1.

continuing

perpetuation

prolongation

resumption

2.

addition

extension

furtherance

postscript

sequel

supplement

continue

[D.J.:kənˈtinju]

[K.K.:kənˈtɪnju]

vt. & vi. & link v.

继续, 连续

continued

[D.J.:kənˈtinju:d]

[K.K.:kənˈtɪnjud]

adj.

继续的,延续的

continuing

[D.J.:kənˈtinjuiŋ]

[K.K.:kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ]

adj.

继续的,连续的,持续的

continue *****

1. continue continues continuing continued
If someone or something continues to do something, they keep doing it and do not stop.

- I hope they continue to fight for equal justice after I'm gone.

- Interest rates on long-term housing continue to fall.

- Diana and Roy Jarvis are determined to continue working when they reach retirement age.

- If you are pregnant, there is no reason why you should not start exercising, or continue with any sport or activity you already enjoy.

VB

2. continue continues continuing continued
If something continues or if you continue it, it does not stop happening.

- He insisted that the conflict would continue until conditions were met for a ceasefire.

- But as the investigation continued, the plot began to thicken.

- Outside the building people continue their vigil, huddling around bonfires.

- ...the continued existence of a species.

V-ERG

3. continue continues continuing continued
If you continue with something, you start doing it again after a break or interruption.

- I went up to my room to continue with my packing.

- She looked up for a moment, then continued drawing.

VB
= carry on

4. continue continues continuing continued
If something continues or if you continue it, it starts again after a break or interruption.

- He denies 18 charges. The trial continues today.

- Once, he did dive for cover but he soon reappeared and continued his activities.

V-ERG

5. continue continues continuing continued
If you continue , you begin speaking again after a pause or interruption.

- `You have no right to intimidate this man,' Alison continued.

- Tony drank some coffee before he continued.

- Please continue.

VB

6. continue continues continuing continued
If you continue as something or continue in a particular state, you remain in a particular job or state.

- He had hoped to continue as a full-time career officer.

- For ten days I continued in this state.

VB

7. continue continues continuing continued
If you continue in a particular direction, you keep walking or travelling in that direction.

- He continued rapidly up the path, not pausing until he neared the Chapter House.

VB

8. continue continues continuing continued
If a road or path continues somewhere, it goes there after the place you have mentioned.

- The main road continues towards Viterbo before turning right to Bolsena.

VB

continue

verb

1.

remain

abide

carry on

endure

last

live on

persist

stay

survive

2.

keep on

carry on

go on

maintain

persevere

persist in

stick at

sustain

3.

resume

carry on

pick up where one left off

proceed

recommence

return to

take up

continuing

adjective

lasting

enduring

in progress

ongoing

sustained

continuing education

continuing education
Continuing education is education for adults in a variety of subjects, most of which are practical, not academic.

- But those lacking a family tradition of continuing education still face difficulties.

N-UNCOUNT

continuity

[D.J.:ˌkɔntiˈnjuiti]

[K.K.:ˌkɑntəˈnuɪti, -ˈnju-]

n.

连续(性), 持续(性)

continuity *

1. continuity continuities
Continuity is the fact that something continues to happen or exist, with no great changes or interruptions.

- An historical awareness also imparts a sense of continuity.

- ...a tank designed to ensure continuity of fuel supply during aerobatics.

- ...the problems of trying to maintain continuity between your youthful past and your middle-aged present...

- He said he stood for continuity rather than change.

N-VAR approval
≠ discontinuity

2. continuity
In film making, continuity is the way that things filmed at different times are made to look as if they were filmed at the same time or in the right sequence. (TECHNICAL)

- Walt and I referred to a video cassette of the original footage to check continuity and lighting.

N-UNCOUNT

continuity

noun

sequence

cohesion

connection

flow

progression

succession

continuity announcer

continuity announcer continuity announcers
A continuity announcer is someone who introduces the next programme on a radio or television station.
N-COUNT

continuous

[D.J.:kənˈtinjuəs]

[K.K.:kənˈtɪnjuəs]

adj.

连续的, 没有中断的

continuously

[D.J.:kənˈtɪnjʊəslɪ]

[K.K.:kənˈtɪnjʊəslɪ]

adv.

连续不断地,接连地

continuous **

1. continuous
A continuous process or event continues for a period of time without stopping.

- Residents report that they heard continuous gunfire.

- ...all employees who had a record of five years' continuous employment with the firm...

- There is a continuous stream of phone calls.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= unbroken ≠ spasmodic

2. continuously

- The civil war has raged almost continuously since 1976.

- It is the oldest continuously inhabited city in America.

ADV: usu ADV with v

3. continuous
A continuous line or surface has no gaps or holes in it.

- ...a continuous line of boats.

- ...the continuous frieze of sculpted figures.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= unbroken

4. continuous
In English grammar, continuous verb groups are formed using the auxiliary `be' and the present participle of a verb, as in `I'm feeling a bit tired' and `She had been watching them for some time'. Continuous verb groups are used especially when you are focusing on a particular moment. Compare simple .
ADJ
= progressive

continuous

adjective

constant

extended

prolonged

unbroken

unceasing

undivided

uninterrupted

continuous assessment

continuous assessment
If pupils or students undergo continuous assessment , they get qualifications partly or entirely based on the work they do during the year, rather than on exam results. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

continua

[D.J.:kənˈtinjuə]

[K.K.:kənˈtɪnjuə]

n.

连续统一体,连续统,闭联集

continuum

[D.J.:kənˈtinjuəm]

[K.K.:kənˈtɪnjuəm]

n.

连续统一体

continuum *

1. continuum continua or continuums
A continuum is a set of things on a scale, which have a particular characteristic to different degrees. (FORMAL)

- These various complaints are part of a continuum of ill-health.

- It is at one end of the cost continuum.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. continuum continua or continuums
A continuum is a continuous series of closely connected events. (FORMAL)

- The medical professional bodies reply that development from fertilisation onwards is a continuum.

N-COUNT: usu sing

contort

[D.J.:kənˈtɔ:t]

[K.K.:kənˈtɔrt]

vt. & vi.

扭曲, 扭弯

contorted

[D.J.:kənˈtɔ: tid]

[K.K.:kənˈtɔrtɪd]

adj.

扭曲的,弯曲的

contort

contort contorts contorting contorted
If someone's face or body contorts or is contorted , it moves into an unnatural and unattractive shape or position.

- His face contorts as he screams out the lyrics.

- The gentlest of her caresses would contort his already tense body.

- Brenner was breathing hard, his face contorted with pain.

- ...their contorted bodies.

V-ERG

contortion

[D.J.:kənˈtɔ:ʃɵn]

[K.K.:kənˈtɔrʃən]

n.

扭曲，弄歪；歪曲

contortions

n.

扭歪,弯曲

contortion

contortion contortions
Contortions are movements of your body or face into unusual shapes or positions.

- I cannot but admire the contortions of the gymnasts.

N-COUNT

contortionist

[D.J.:kənˈtɔ:ʃənist]

[K.K.:kənˈtɔrʃənɪst]

n.

柔术[柔软体操]演员

contortionist

contortionist contortionists
A contortionist is someone who twists their body into strange and unnatural shapes and positions in order to entertain other people, for example in a circus.
N-COUNT

contour

[D.J.:ˈkɔnˌtʊə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌtʊr]

n.

外形,轮廓

contour *

1. contour contours
You can refer to the general shape or outline of an object as its contours . (LITERARY)

- ...the texture and colour of the skin, the contours of the body...

- I cradled my video camera nervously on my lap, but its cold contours did nothing to comfort me.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp, oft N of n

2. contour contours
A contour on a map is a line joining points of equal height and indicating hills, valleys, and the steepness of slopes.

- There were three moderate climbs to just below the 450 feet contour.

- ...a contour map showing two hills and this large mountain in the middle.

N-COUNT

contoured

波状外形的

contoured

contoured
A contoured surface has curves and slopes on it, rather than being flat.

- ...the lush fairways and contoured greens of the course...

- Sophia settled into her comfortably contoured seat.

ADJ: ADJ n

contraband

[D.J.:ˈkɔntrəˌbænd]

[K.K.:ˈkɑntrəˌbænd]

n.

走私,禁运品

contrabandist

n.

走私者

contrabandist

[ˈkɔntrəˌbændist]

n.

买卖禁品者,走私者

contraband

contraband
Contraband refers to goods that are taken into or out of a country illegally.

- The ship was found not to be carrying any contraband.

- Most of the city markets were flooded with contraband goods.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

contraband

noun

1.

smuggling

black-marketing

bootlegging

trafficking

adjective

2.

smuggled

banned

bootleg

forbidden

hot informal

illegal

illicit

prohibited

unlawful

contraception

[D.J.:ˌkɔntrəˈsepʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑntrəˈsɛpʃən]

n.

避孕

contraception *

contraception
Contraception refers to methods of preventing pregnancy.

- Use a reliable method of contraception.

N-UNCOUNT
= birth control

contraceptive

[D.J.:ˌkɔntrəˈseptɪv]

[K.K.:ˌkɑntrəˈsɛptɪv]

adj.

避孕的,避孕用的

n.

避孕药,避孕用具

contraceptive *

1. contraceptive
A contraceptive method or device is a method or a device which a woman uses to prevent herself from becoming pregnant.

- ...a demand for a greater choice of effective contraceptive methods...

- It was at that time she started taking the contraceptive pill.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. contraceptive contraceptives
A contraceptive is a device or drug that prevents a woman from becoming pregnant.

- ...oral contraceptives...

- The service covers contraceptive advice and health checks, and is available free.

N-COUNT

contract

[D.J.:kənˈtrækt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌtrækt]

vt. & vi.

染上(恶习, 疾病等)

缩小; 紧缩

[ˈkɔntrækt]

vt.

缔结; 订契约

n.

契约, 合同

contracted

[kənˈtræktid]

adj.

收缩了的,已定约的,契约的

contracting

[ˈkɔntræktiŋ]

adj.

收缩的,缩成的,缩小的

contraction

[D.J.:kənˈtrækʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈtrækʃən]

n.

订约

(分娩时)子宫收缩

收缩,缩短

缩减

缩略词

contract ****

1. contract contracts
A contract is a legal agreement, usually between two companies or between an employer and employee, which involves doing work for a stated sum of money.

- The company won a prestigious contract for work on Europe's tallest building.

- He was given a seven-year contract with an annual salary of $150,000.

N-COUNT

2. contract contracts contracting contracted
If you contract with someone to do something, you legally agree to do it for them or for them to do it for you. (FORMAL)

- You can contract with us to deliver your cargo.

- The Boston Museum of Fine Arts has already contracted to lease part of its collection to a museum in Japan.

VB

3. contract contracts contracting contracted
When something contracts or when something contracts it, it becomes smaller or shorter.

- Blood is only expelled from the heart when it contracts.

- New research shows that an excess of meat and salt can contract muscles.

V-ERG

4. contraction contractions

- ...the contraction and expansion of blood vessels...

- Foods and fluids are mixed in the stomach by its muscular contractions.

N-VAR

5. contract contracts contracting contracted
When something such as an economy or market contracts , it becomes smaller.

- The manufacturing economy contracted in October for the sixth consecutive month.

VB

6. contract contracts contracted
If you contract a serious illness, you become ill with it. (FORMAL)

- He contracted AIDS from a blood transfusion.

- Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer contracted by women.

VB: no cont

7. contract contracts contracting contracted
If you contract a marriage, alliance, or other relationship with someone, you arrange to have that relationship with them. (FORMAL)

- She contracted a formal marriage to a British ex-serviceman.

VB
= enter into

8. contract contracts
If there is a contract on a person or on their life, someone has made an arrangement to have them killed. (INFORMAL)

- The convictions resulted in the local crime bosses putting a contract on him.

- The police advised her to get out of town because there was a contract on her life.

N-COUNT: usu N on n

9. contract
If you are under contract to someone, you have signed a contract agreeing to work for them, and for no-one else, during a fixed period of time.

- The director wanted Olivia de Havilland, then under contract to Warner Brothers.

PHR: oft PHR to n

contraction *

1. contraction contractions
When a woman who is about to give birth has contractions , she experiences a very strong, painful tightening of the muscles of her womb.
N-COUNT

2. contraction contractions
A contraction is a shortened form of a word or words.

- `It's' (with an apostrophe) should be used only as a contraction for `it is'.

N-COUNT

contract

noun

1.

agreement

arrangement

bargain

commitment

covenant

pact

settlement

verb

2.

agree

bargain

come to terms

commit oneself

covenant

negotiate

pledge

3.

shorten

abbreviate

curtail

diminish

dwindle

lessen

narrow

reduce

shrink

shrivel

4.

catch

acquire

be afflicted with

develop

get

go down with

incur

contraction

noun

shortening

abbreviation

compression

narrowing

reduction

shrinkage

shrivelling

tightening

contract out ****

1. contract out contracts out; contracting out; contracted out
If a company contracts out work, they employ other companies to do it.

- Firms can contract out work to one another.

- When Barclays Bank contracted out its cleaning, the new company was cheaper.

- ...the trend of contracting services out rather than performing them in-house.

PHR-V

2. contract out contracts out; contracting out; contracted out
If a person or group contracts out of a system or scheme, they formally say that they do not want to take part in it. (BRIT)

- Employees can contract out of their employer's occupational pension scheme.

- ...a free deal which automatically converts into a pay as-you-go service unless you contract out.

PHR-V

contractor

[D.J.:ˈkɔnˌtræktə, kənˈtræk-]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌtræktɚ, kənˈtræk-]

n.

(建筑、监造中的)承包人

contractor **

contractor contractors
A contractor is a person or company that does work for other people or organizations.

- We told the building contractor that we wanted a garage big enough for two cars.

- ...a major US defense contractor.

N-COUNT: oft n N

contractual

[D.J.:kənˈtræktʃu:əl]

[K.K.:kənˈtræktʃuəl]

adj.

合同(性)的,契约(性)的

contractual *

1. contractual
A contractual arrangement or relationship involves a legal agreement between people. (FORMAL)

- The company has not fulfilled certain contractual obligations.

- This will be done by contractual arrangement.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. contractually

- Rank was contractually obliged to hand him a cheque for $30 million.

ADV: usu ADV after v, ADV -ed/adj

contradict

[D.J.:ˌkɔntrəˈdikt]

[K.K.:ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkt]

vt. & vi.

反驳, 否认…的真实性

vt.

与…发生矛盾, 与…抵触

contradict *

1. contradict contradicts contradicting contradicted
If you contradict someone, you say that what they have just said is wrong, or suggest that it is wrong by saying something different.

- She dared not contradict him.

- His comments appeared to contradict remarks made earlier in the day by the chairman.

- He often talks in circles, frequently contradicting himself and often ends up saying nothing.

VB

2. contradict contradicts contradicting contradicted
If one statement or piece of evidence contradicts another, the first one makes the second one appear to be wrong.

- Her version contradicted the Government's claim that they were shot after being challenged.

- The result seems to contradict a major U.S. study reported last November.

VB

3. contradict contradicts contradicting contradicted
If one policy or situation contradicts another, there is a conflict between them, and they cannot both exist or be successful.

- Mr Grant feels that the cut-backs contradict the Government's commitment to better educational standards.

VB

contradict

verb

deny

be at variance with

belie

challenge

controvert

fly in the face of

negate

rebut

contradiction

[D.J.:ˌkɔntrəˈdikʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkʃən]

n.

矛盾

否认, 反驳

contradiction **

1. contradiction contradictions
If you describe an aspect of a situation as a contradiction , you mean that it is completely different from other aspects, and so makes the situation confused or difficult to understand.

- ...the contradictions between her private life and the public persona...

- The performance seemed to me unpardonable, a contradiction of all that the Olympics is supposed to be.

- The militants see no contradiction in using violence to bring about a religious state.

N-COUNT: oft N between pl-n, N of n

2. contradiction
If you say that something is a contradiction in terms , you mean that it is described as having a quality that it cannot have.

- A public service run for profit -- a contradiction in terms if there ever was one.

PHR: contradiction inflects

contradiction

noun

denial

conflict

contravention

incongruity

inconsistency

negation

opposite

contradictory

[D.J.:ˌkɔntrəˈdɪktəri:]

[K.K.:ˌkɑntrəˈdɪktəri]

adj.

矛盾的;抵触的

contradictory *

contradictory
If two or more facts, ideas, or statements are contradictory , they state or imply that opposite things are true.

- Customs officials have made a series of contradictory statements about the equipment.

- The public are capable of holding a number of apparently contradictory attitudes.

- ...advice that sometimes is contradictory and confusing.

ADJ-GRADED

contradictory

adjective

inconsistent

conflicting

contrary

incompatible

opposed

opposite

paradoxical

contraflow

[ˈkɔntrəfləu]

n.

反向车流

contraflow

contraflow contraflows
A contraflow is a situation in which vehicles travelling on a main road in one direction have to use lanes that are normally used by traffic travelling in the opposite direction, because the road is being repaired. (BRIT)

- The M5 has got a contraflow between Junctions Eleven and Twelve near to Gloucester.

N-COUNT

contraindication

[D.J.:ˈkɔntrəˌindiˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑntrəˌɪndɪˈkeʃən]

n.

禁忌征候

contraindications

禁忌

contraindication

contraindication contraindications
Contraindications are specific medical reasons for not using a particular treatment for a medical condition in the usual way. (MEDICAL)

- Contraindications for this drug include liver or kidney impairment.

N-COUNT: usu pl also contra-indication .

contralto

[D.J.:kənˈtræltəʊ]

[K.K.:kənˈtrælto]

n.

女低音

女低音歌手

contralto

contralto contraltos
A contralto is a woman with a low singing voice.

- The score calls for a contralto.

- I had a very low contralto voice.

N-COUNT: oft N n

contraption

[D.J.:kənˈtræpʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈtræpʃən]

n.

奇妙的装置, 新发明

contraption

contraption contraptions
You can refer to a device or machine as a contraption , especially when it looks strange or you do not know what it is used for.

- ...a strange contraption called the General Gordon Gas Bath.

N-COUNT
= gadget

contraption

noun Informal

device

apparatus

contrivance

gadget

instrument

mechanism

contrarian

[D.J.:kənˈtrɛəriən]

[K.K.:kənˈtrɛriən]

n.，adj.

采取相反态度(或立场)者(的)，背道而驰者(的)；(股票买卖中)多数人抛售时反而吃进(或多数人吃进时反而抛售)者(的)

contrarian

contrarian contrarians
A contrarian is a person who deliberately behaves in a way that is different from the people around them. (FORMAL)

- He is by nature a contrarian.

- ...the young contrarian intellectual.

N-COUNT: oft N n

contrary

[D.J.:ˈkɔntrəri]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌtrɛri]

adj.

相反的, 相违的

n.

相反, 反面, 对立面

contrary **

1. contrary
Ideas, attitudes, or reactions that are contrary to each other are completely different from each other.

- This view is contrary to the aims of critical social research for a number of reasons.

- Several of those present, including Weinberger, had contrary information.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ to n

2. contrary
If you say that something is true contrary to other people's beliefs or opinions, you are emphasizing that it is true and that they are wrong.

- Contrary to popular belief, moderate exercise actually decreases your appetite.

- Contrary to what you might think, neither man was offended.

PHR-PREP emphasis

3. contrary
You use on the contrary when you have just said or implied that something is not true and are going to say that the opposite is true.

- It is not an idea around which the Community can unite. On the contrary, I see it as one that will divide us.

PHR: PHR with cl

4. contrary
You can use on the contrary when you are disagreeing strongly with something that has just been said or implied, or are making a strong negative reply.

- `People just don't do things like that.' --- `On the contrary, they do them all the time.'

PHR emphasis

5. contrary
You can use quite the contrary to emphasize a previous negative statement, or when you are making a strong negative reply.

- I'm not a feminist, quite the contrary.

- `Are there any signs that he may quit soon?' --- `Quite the contrary.'

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis
= quite the opposite

6. contrary
When a particular idea is being considered, evidence or statements to the contrary suggest that this idea is not true or that the opposite is true.

- That does not automatically mean, however, that the money supply has been curbed, and there is considerable evidence to the contrary.

- Despite repeated assurances to the contrary, Pakistan has not ended its nuclear programme.

PHR: n PHR

contrary

noun

1.

opposite

antithesis

converse

reverse

adjective

2.

opposed

adverse

clashing

contradictory

counter

discordant

hostile

inconsistent

opposite

paradoxical

3.

perverse

awkward

cantankerous

difficult

disobliging

intractable

obstinate

stroppy Brit. slang

unaccommodating

contrast

[D.J.:ˈkɔntræst]

[K.K.:ˈkɑntræst]

n.

对比, 对照

差异, 差别

对照物, 明显的对比物

[kənˈtræst]

vt. & vi.

对比, 对照

contrast ***

1. contrast contrasts
A contrast is a great difference between two or more things which is clear when you compare them.

- ...the contrast between town and country...

- The two visitors provided a startling contrast in appearance.

- Silk was used with wool for contrast.

N-VAR: oft N between pl-n

2. contrast
You say by contrast or in contrast , or in contrast to something, to show that you are mentioning a very different situation from the one you have just mentioned.

- The private sector, by contrast, has plenty of money to spend.

- In contrast, the lives of girls in well-to-do families were often very sheltered.

- In contrast to similar services in France and Germany, British Rail's Intercity rolling stock is very rarely idle.

PHR: PHR with cl

3. contrast
If one thing is in contrast to another, it is very different from it.

- His public statements have always been in marked contrast to those of his son.

- That is in stark contrast to the situation during the 1970 oil crisis.

PHR: v-link PHR, usu PHR to n

4. contrast contrasts
If one thing is a contrast to another, it is very different from it.

- The boy's room is a complete contrast to the guest room.

- ...a country of great contrasts.

N-COUNT: oft N to/with n

5. contrast contrasts contrasting contrasted
If you contrast one thing with another, you point out or consider the differences between those things.

- She contrasted the situation then with the present crisis.

- Contrast that approach with what goes on in most organizations.

- In this section we contrast four possible broad approaches.

VB

6. contrast contrasts contrasting contrasted
If one thing contrasts with another, it is very different from it.

- Johnson's easy charm contrasted sharply with the prickliness of his boss.

- Paint the wall in a contrasting colour.

V-RECIP

7. contrast
Contrast is the degree of difference between the darker and lighter parts of a photograph, television picture, or painting.

- ...a television with brighter colours, better contrast, and digital sound.

N-UNCOUNT

contrast

noun

1.

difference

comparison

disparity

dissimilarity

distinction

divergence

foil

opposition

verb

2.

differentiate

compare

differ

distinguish

oppose

set in opposition

set off

contravene

[D.J.:ˌkɔntrəˈvi:n]

[K.K.:ˌkɑntrəˈvin]

vt.

取消,违反

contravention

[D.J.:ˌkɔntrəˈvenʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑntrəˈvɛnʃən]

n.

违犯,违背;抵触

违法行为

contravene *

1. contravene contravenes contravening contravened
To contravene a law or rule means to do something that is forbidden by the law or rule. (FORMAL)

- The Board has banned the film on the grounds that it contravenes criminal libel laws.

- He said the article did not contravene the industry's code of conduct.

VB
= break

2. contravention contraventions

- The government has lent millions of pounds to debt-ridden banks in contravention of local banking laws.

N-VAR: oft in N of n

contretemps

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:ntrətə:ŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkɑntrəˌtɑŋ, ˌkɔŋtrəˈtɑŋ]

n.

意外事故,不合适宜,令人尴尬的事

contretemps

contretemps
A contretemps is a small disagreement that is rather embarrassing. (LITERARY)

- There had been a slight contretemps between Mr. and Mrs. Keely over who was to drive.

N-COUNT: usu sing contretemps is both the singular and the plural form
= clash

contribute

[D.J.:kənˈtribjut]

[K.K.:kənˈtrɪbjut]

vt. & vi.

捐献, 捐助, 贡献出

撰稿, 投稿

vi.

起促成作用

contributing

adj.

贡献的,起作用的

contributor

[D.J.:kənˈtrɪbju:tə]

n.

捐款人;捐助人

促成因素

投稿者;撰稿者

contribute ***

1. contribute contributes contributing contributed
If you contribute to something, you say or do things to help to make it successful.

- The three sons also contribute to the family business.

- I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.

- He believes he has something to contribute to a discussion concerning the uprising.

VB

2. contribute contributes contributing contributed
To contribute money or resources to something means to give money or resources to help pay for something or to help achieve a particular purpose.

- The US is contributing $4 billion in loans, credits and grants.

- They say they would like to contribute more to charity, but money is tight this year.

- NATO officials agreed to contribute troops and equipment to such an operation if the UN Security Council asked for it.

VB
= donate

3. contributor contributors

- ...the largest net contributors to EC funds.

N-COUNT

4. contribute contributes contributing contributed
If something contributes to an event or situation, it is one of the causes of it.

- The report says design faults in both the vessels contributed to the tragedy.

- Stress, both human and mechanical, may also be a contributing factor.

VB

5. contribute contributes contributing contributed
If you contribute to a magazine, newspaper, or book, you write things that are published in it.

- I was asked to contribute to a newspaper article making predictions for the new year.

- Frank Deford is a contributing editor for Vanity Fair magazine.

VB

6. contributor contributors

- Reporter Alan Nearn covers Central America and is a regular contributor to The New Yorker.

N-COUNT

contributor **

contributor contributors
You can use contributor to refer to one of the causes of an event or situation, especially if that event or situation is an unpleasant one.

- Old buses are major contributors to pollution in British cities.

- All this can lead to divisive family arguments to which guilt is a major contributor.

N-COUNT: oft N to n
See also contribute .

contribute

verb

1.

give

add

bestow

chip in informal

donate

provide

subscribe

supply

contribute to

2.

be partly responsible for

be conducive to

be instrumental in

help

lead to

tend to

contributor

noun

giver

donor

patron

subscriber

supporter

contribution

[D.J.:ˌkɔntriˈbju:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑntrɪˈbjuʃən]

n.

捐助物, 贡献

捐款

contribution ***

1. contribution contributions
If you make a contribution to something, you do something to help make it successful or to produce it.

- American economists have made important contributions to the field of financial and corporate economics.

- He was awarded a prize for his contribution to world peace.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

2. contribution contributions
A contribution is a sum of money that you give in order to help pay for something.

- This list ranked companies that make charitable contributions of a half million dollars or more.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= donation

3. contribution contributions
A contribution to a magazine, newspaper, or book is something that you write to be published in it.
N-COUNT

contribution

noun

gift

addition

donation

grant

input

offering

subscription

contributory

[D.J.:kənˈtrɪbjəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:]

[K.K.:kənˈtrɪbjəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

促成的;促进的;起作用的

需要受益人付钱的

contributory

contributory
A contributory factor of a problem or accident is one of the things which caused it to exist or happen. (FORMAL)

- We now know that repressing anger is a contributory factor in many physical illnesses.

- ...an allegation of contributory negligence.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

contrite

[D.J.:kənˈtraɪt, ˈkɔnˌtraɪt]

[K.K.:kənˈtraɪt, ˈkɑnˌtraɪt]

adj.

悔悟的,由悔悟引发的

contriteness

n.

悔悟

contrition

[D.J.:kənˈtrɪʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈtrɪʃən]

n.

悔罪;抱愧;痛悔

contrite

1. contrite
If you are contrite , you are very sorry because you have done something wrong. (FORMAL)

- She was instantly contrite. `Oh, I am sorry! You must forgive me.'

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= sorry

2. contrition

- The next day he'd be full of contrition, weeping and begging forgiveness.

N-UNCOUNT
= remorse

contrite

adjective

sorry

chastened

conscience-stricken

humble

penitent

regretful

remorseful

repentant

sorrowful

contrivance

[D.J.:kənˈtraivəns]

[K.K.:kənˈtraɪvəns]

n.

发明,发明才能,想出的办法,发明物

contrivance

1. contrivance contrivances
If you describe something as a contrivance , you disapprove of it because it is unnecessary and artificial. (FORMAL)

- The thing that they all have in common is that they wear simple clothes and shun modern contrivances.

- ...works which reflect intellectual or `arty' contrivance for the sake of fame, grants or ephemeral fashion.

N-VAR disapproval

2. contrivance contrivances
A contrivance is an unfair or dishonest scheme or trick to gain an advantage for yourself.

- ...some contrivance to raise prices.

N-COUNT
= ploy

contrivance

noun

1.

device

apparatus

appliance

contraption

gadget

implement

instrument

invention

machine

mechanism

2.

plan

intrigue

machination

plot

ruse

scheme

stratagem

trick

contrive

[D.J.:kənˈtraiv]

[K.K.:kənˈtraɪv]

vt.

谋划或策划(某事), 设计, 发明

vi.

设法做到

contrived

[D.J.:kənˈtraɪvd]

[K.K.:kənˈtraɪvd]

adj.

不自然的;勉强的

contrive *

1. contrive contrives contriving contrived
If you contrive an event or situation, you succeed in making it happen, often by tricking someone. (FORMAL)

- The oil companies were accused of contriving a shortage of gasoline to justify price increases.

VB

2. contrive contrives contriving contrived
If you contrive something such as a device or piece of equipment, you invent and construct it in a clever or unusual way.

- We therefore had to contrive a very large black-out curtain.

VB
= engineer

3. contrive contrives contriving contrived
If you contrive to do something difficult, you succeed in doing it. (FORMAL)

- The orchestra contrived to produce some of its best playing for years.

VB

4. contrive contrives contriving contrived
When someone has done something dishonestly, you can say that they have contrived to do it.

- They somehow contrived to lose tens of thousands of applications.

VB disapproval
= manage

contrived *

1. contrived
If you say that something someone says or does is contrived , you think it is false and deliberate, rather than natural and not planned.

- There was nothing contrived or calculated about what he said.

- It mustn't sound like a contrived compliment.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= artificial ≠ spontaneous

2. contrived
If you say that the plot of a play, film, or novel is contrived , you mean that it is unlikely and unconvincing.

- The plot seems contrived.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

contrive

verb

1.

bring about

arrange

effect

manage

manoeuvre

plan

plot

scheme

succeed

2.

devise

concoct

construct

create

design

fabricate

improvise

invent

manufacture

contrived

adjective

forced

artificial

elaborate

laboured

overdone

planned

strained

unnatural

control

[D.J.:kənˈtrəul]

[K.K.:kənˈtrol]

vt.

控制, 抑制, 支配

管理, 操纵

n.

控制, 支配, 管理

管理手段

controlled

[D.J.:kənˈtrəuld]

[K.K.:kənˈtrold]

adj.

受约束的,克制的

controlling

控制

controls

控制机构

control *****

1. control
If something is under your control , you have the power to make all the important decisions about the way that it is run.

- The restructuring involves Mr Ronson giving up control of the company.

- The first aim of his government would be to establish control over the republic's territory.

- Nobody knows who is in control of the club.

- In the West, people feel more in control of their own lives.

- All the newspapers were taken under government control.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

2. control
If you have control of something or someone, you are able to make them do what you want them to do.

- He lost control of his car.

- Some teachers have more control over pupils than their parents have.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of/over n

3. control
If you show control , you prevent yourself behaving in an angry or emotional way.

- He had a terrible temper, and sometimes he would completely lose control.

- He was working hard to keep control of himself.

N-UNCOUNT

4. control controls controlling controlled
The people who control an organization or place have the power to take all the important decisions about the way that it is run.

- He now controls the largest retail development empire in southern California.

- Almost all of the countries in Latin America were controlled by dictators.

- Minebea ended up selling its controlling interest in both firms.

VB

5. -controlled

- AGA Gas is Swedish-controlled.

- ...the state-controlled media.

COMB in ADJ

6. control controls controlling controlled
To control a piece of equipment, process, or system means to make it work in the way that you want it to work.

- ...a computerised system to control the gates...

- Scientists would soon be able to manipulate human genes to control the ageing process.

- ...the controlled production of energy from sugar by a cell.

VB

7. -controlled

- ...computer-controlled traffic lights.

COMB in ADJ

8. control controls controlling controlled
When a government controls prices, wages, or the activity of a particular group, it uses its power to restrict them.

- The federal government tried to control rising health-care costs.

- ...measures to control illegal mining.

VB

9. control
Also a noun.

- Control of inflation remains the government's absolute priority.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

10. control controls controlling controlled
If you control yourself, or if you control your feelings, voice, or expression, you make yourself behave calmly even though you are feeling angry, excited, or upset.

- Jo was advised to learn to control herself.

- I just couldn't control my temper.

VB
= restrain

11. controlled

- Her manner was quiet and very controlled.

ADJ-GRADED
= restrained

12. control controls controlling controlled
To control something dangerous means to prevent it from becoming worse or from spreading.

- ...the need to control environmental pollution...

- One of the biggest tasks will be to control the spread of malaria.

VB

13. control controls
If someone is at the controls of a machine or other piece of equipment, they are operating it.

- I practised operating the controls.

- ...the control box.

- He died of a heart attack while at the controls of the plane.

PHR

14. control controls
Controls are the methods that a government uses to restrict increases, for example in prices, wages, or weapons.

- Critics question whether price controls would do any good.

- Their talks are expected to focus on arms control.

- They have very strict gun control in Sweden.

N-VAR

15. control controls
The word control is used to refer to a place where your documents or luggage are officially checked when you enter a foreign country.

- He went straight through Passport Control without incident.

- ...an agreement to abolish border controls.

N-VAR: n N

16. control
If something is out of control , no-one has any power over it.

- The fire is burning out of control.

- I'm dealing with customers all the time who have let their debts get out of control.

PHR: usu v PHR, v-link PHR

17. control
If something harmful is under control , it is being dealt with successfully and is unlikely to cause any more harm.

- The situation is under control.

- If the current violence is to be brought under control, the government needs to act.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

control

noun

1.

power

authority

charge

command

guidance

management

oversight

supervision

supremacy

2.

restraint

brake

check

curb

limitation

regulation

verb

3.

have power over

administer

command

direct

govern

handle

have charge of

manage

manipulate

supervise

4.

restrain

check

constrain

contain

curb

hold back

limit

repress

subdue

controls

plural noun

instruments

console

control panel

dash

dashboard

dials

control freak

control freak control freaks
If you say that someone is a control freak , you mean that they want to be in control of every situation they find themselves in. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

controllable

[kənˈtrəuləbl]

adj.

可管理的,可操纵的,可控制的

controllable

controllable
If something is controllable you are able to control or influence it.

- They introduced fins for surfboards, making them more controllable.

- ...controllable aspects of life.

ADJ-GRADED

controller

[D.J.:kənˈtrəʊlə]

[K.K.:kənˈtrolɚ]

n.

控制者;管理者;指挥者

<正>审计员;审计官

controller **

1. controller controllers
A controller is a person who has responsibility for a particular organization or for a particular part of an organization. (mainly BRIT)

- ...the job of controller of BBC 1.

- ...The financial controller of W H Smith.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
See also air traffic controller .

2. controller controllers
A controller is the same as a comptroller .
N-COUNT

control tower

control tower control towers
A control tower is a building at an airport from which instructions are given to aircraft when they are taking off or landing. You can also refer to the people who work in a control tower as the control tower .

- The pilot told the control tower that he'd run into technical trouble.

N-COUNT

controversial

[D.J.:ˌkɔntrəˈvə:ʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌkɑntrəˈvɚʃəl, -siəl]

adj.

有争议的, 引起争议的

controversial ***

1. controversial
If you describe something or someone as controversial , you mean that they are the subject of intense public argument, disagreement, or disapproval.

- Immigration is a controversial issue in many countries.

- ...Morton's controversial book, `Diana, Her True Story.'...

- The changes are bound to be controversial.

- ...the controversial 19th century politician Charles Parnell.

ADJ-GRADED

2. controversially

- More controversially, he claims that these higher profits cover the cost of finding fresh talent.

- David Hirst was controversially sent off on his European debut for Sheffield Wednesday last night.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with cl, also ADV with v

controversial

adjective

disputed

at issue

contentious

debatable

disputable

open to question

under discussion

controversy

[D.J.:ˈkɔntrəvə:si]

[K.K.:ˈkɑntrəˌvɚsi]

n.

公开辩论, 论战

controversy ***

controversy controversies
Controversy is a lot of discussion and argument about something, often involving strong feelings of anger or disapproval.

- The proposed cuts have caused considerable controversy.

- ...a fierce political controversy over human rights abuses.

N-VAR: oft N over/about n

controversy

noun

argument

altercation

debate

dispute

quarrel

row

squabble

wrangling

contuse

[D.J.:kənˈtu:z, -ˈtju:z]

[K.K.:kənˈtuz, -ˈtjuz]

vt.

使(皮肉)挫伤

contusion

n.

contusion

[D.J.:kənˈtju:ʒən]

[K.K.:kənˈtuʒən, -ˈtju-]

n.

挫伤，擦伤,撞伤

contusion

contusion contusions
A contusion is a bruise . (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

conundrum

[D.J.:kəˈnʌndrəm]

[K.K.:kəˈnʌndrəm]

n.

谜,猜不透的难题,难答的问题

conundrum *

conundrum conundrums
A conundrum is a problem or puzzle which is difficult or impossible to solve. (FORMAL)

- ...this theological conundrum of the existence of evil and suffering in a world created by a good God.

N-COUNT

conurbation

[D.J.:ˌkɔnəˈbeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnɚˈbeʃən]

n.

有卫星城的大都市

conurbation

conurbation conurbations
A conurbation consists of a large city together with the smaller towns around it. (mainly BRIT, FORMAL)

- ...London and all the other major conurbations.

N-COUNT

convalesce

[D.J.:ˌkɔnvəˈles]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnvəˈlɛs]

vi.

康复

convalesce

convalesce convalesces convalescing convalesced
If you are convalescing , you are resting and getting your health back after an illness or operation. (FORMAL)

- After two weeks, I was allowed home, where I convalesced for three months.

- ...those convalescing from illness or surgery.

VB
= recuperate

convalescence

[D.J.:ˌkɔnvəˈlesəns]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnvəˈlɛsəns]

n.

渐愈;恢复期

convalescent

[D.J.:ˌkɔnvəˈlesɵnt]

adj.

恢复(期)的,康复期的

n.

恢复期的病人

convalescence

n.

convalescence

convalescence
Convalescence is the period or process of becoming healthy and well again after an illness or operation. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= recuperation

convalescence

noun

recovery

improvement

recuperation

rehabilitation

return to health

convalescent

convalescent
Convalescent means relating to convalescence. (FORMAL)

- ...an officers' convalescent home.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

convalescent

adjective

recovering

getting better

improving

mending

on the mend

recuperating

convection

[D.J.:kənˈvekʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈvɛkʃən]

n.

传送,对流

convection

convection
Convection is the process by which heat travels through air, water, and other gases and liquids. (TECHNICAL)

- ...clouds which lift warm, moist air by convection high into the atmosphere.

- ...convection currents.

N-UNCOUNT

convector heater

convector heater convector heaters
A convector heater is a heater that heats a room by means of hot air.
N-COUNT

convene

[D.J.:kənˈvi:n]

[K.K.:kənˈvin]

vt. & vi.

召开, 召集

convene **

convene convenes convening convened
If someone convenes a meeting or conference, they arrange for it to take place. You can also say that people convene or that a meeting convenes . (FORMAL)

- Last August he convened a meeting of his closest advisers at Camp David.

- Senior officials convened in October 1991 in London.

- ...the convening of an international peace conference.

V-ERG

convene

verb

gather

assemble

bring together

call

come together

congregate

convoke

meet

summon

convenience

[D.J.:kənˈvi:njəns]

[K.K.:kənˈvinjəns]

n.

方便, 便利

有用、有益或适宜的安排、用具或设施

(公共)厕所

convenient

[D.J.:kənˈvi:njənt]

[K.K.:kənˈvinjənt]

adj.

方便的, 便利的, 合适的

附近的, 近便的

conveniently

[D.J.:kənˈvi:njəntlɪ]

[K.K.:kənˈvinjəntlɪ]

adv.

方便地,便利地;合宜地

convenience *

1. convenience
If something is arranged to happen at your convenience , it happens at a time which is most suitable for you. (FORMAL)

- He was happy to make a detour for her convenience.

- ...the need to put the rights of citizens above the convenience of elected officials.

- Delivery times are arranged at your convenience.

PHR: PHR with v

2. convenience conveniences
If you describe something as a convenience , you mean that it is very useful.

- Mail order is a convenience for buyers who are too busy to shop.

N-COUNT

3. convenience conveniences
Conveniences are pieces of equipment designed to make your life easier.

- Some TVRs have power steering and conveniences such as central locking and powered windows.

- ...an apartment with all the modern conveniences.

N-COUNT: usu pl

4. convenience conveniences
A public convenience is a building containing toilets which is provided in a public place for anyone to use. (BRIT, FORMAL)

- ...the cubicles of a public convenience.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

convenient **

1. convenient
If a way of doing something is convenient , it is easy, or very useful or suitable for a particular purpose.

- ...a flexible and convenient way of paying for business expenses...

- The family thought it was more convenient to eat in the kitchen.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
≠ inconvenient

2. convenience

- They may use a credit card for convenience.

- ...the convenience of a fast non-stop flight.

N-UNCOUNT

3. conveniently

- The body spray slips conveniently into your sports bag for freshening up after a game.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV with cl

4. convenient
If you describe a place as convenient , you are pleased because it is near to where you are, or because you can reach another place from there quickly and easily.

- The town is well placed for easy access to London and convenient for Heathrow Airport.

- Martin drove along until he found a convenient parking place.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ for n approval
= handy

5. conveniently

- It was very conveniently situated just across the road from the City Reference Library.

- He chose Simi Valley in Ventura County mainly because it was conveniently close to Los Angeles.

- ...two conveniently placed push-buttons.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/-ed, also ADV after v, ADV with cl
≠ inconveniently

6. convenient
A convenient time to do something, for example to meet someone, is a time when you are free to do it or would like to do it.

- She will try to arrange a mutually convenient time and place for an interview.

- Would this evening be convenient for you?

ADJ-GRADED
≠ inconvenient

7. convenient
If you describe someone's attitudes or actions as convenient , you think they are only adopting those attitudes or performing those actions in order to avoid something difficult or unpleasant.

- We cannot make this minority a convenient excuse to turn our backs.

- ...a convenient scapegoat...

- It does seem a bit convenient, doesn't it?

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

8. conveniently

- They've conveniently forgotten the risk of heart disease.

- Conveniently, he had developed amnesia about that part of his life.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV before v, also ADV with cl

convenience

noun

1.

availability

accessibility

advantage

appropriateness

benefit

fitness

suitability

usefulness

utility

2.

appliance

amenity

comfort

facility

help

labour-saving device

convenient

adjective

1.

useful

appropriate

fit

handy

helpful

labour-saving

serviceable

suitable

timely

2.

nearby

accessible

at hand

available

close at hand

handy

just round the corner

within reach

convenience food

convenience food
Convenience food is frozen, dried, or canned food that can be heated and prepared very quickly and easily.

- Today we tend to rely on fast-food and convenience food.

N-UNCOUNT

convenience store

convenience store convenience stores
A convenience store is a shop which sells mainly food and which is usually open until late at night.
N-COUNT

convenor

n.

会议召集人

convenor

1. convenor convenors
A convenor is a trade union official who organizes the union representatives at a particular factory. (BRIT)
N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) convener

2. convenor convenors
A convenor is someone who convenes a meeting.
N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) convener

convent

[D.J.:ˈkɔnvənt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnvənt, -ˌvɛnt]

n.

修女

女修道院

convent *

1. convent convents
A convent is a building in which a community of nuns live.
N-COUNT

2. convent convents
A convent is the same as a convent school .
N-COUNT

convention

[D.J.:kənˈvenʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈvɛnʃən]

n.

(某一职业、政党等的人士召开的)大会

习俗, 惯例

协议, 协定

convention ***

1. convention conventions
A convention is a way of behaving that is considered to be correct or polite by most people in a society.

- It's just a social convention that men don't wear skirts.

- ...the chains of custom and convention.

N-VAR
= custom

2. convention conventions
In art, literature, or the theatre, a convention is a traditional method or style.

- We go offstage and come back for the convention of the encore.

- ...the conventions of Western art.

N-COUNT

3. convention conventions
A convention is an official agreement between countries or groups of people.

- ...the UN convention on climate change.

- ...the Geneva convention.

N-COUNT: oft n N

4. convention conventions
A convention is a large meeting of an organization or political group.

- ...the annual convention of the Society of Professional Journalists.

- ...the Republican convention.

N-COUNT
= assembly

convention

noun

1.

custom

code

etiquette

practice

propriety

protocol

tradition

usage

2.

agreement

bargain

contract

pact

protocol

treaty

3.

assembly

conference

congress

convocation

council

meeting

conventional

[D.J.:kənˈvenʃənl]

[K.K.:kənˈvɛnʃənəl]

adj.

依照惯例的, 约定俗成的, 依照传统的

常规的, 非核的

conventionally

adv.

按照惯例,照常套,照老例

conventional ***

1. conventional
Someone who is conventional has behaviour or opinions that are ordinary and normal.

- ...a respectable married woman with conventional opinions.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unconventional

2. conventionally

- People still wore their hair short and dressed conventionally.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. conventional
A conventional method or product is one that is usually used or that has been in use for a long time.

- ...the risks and drawbacks of conventional family planning methods...

- These discs hold more than 400 times as much information as a conventional computer floppy disk.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= traditional

4. conventionally

- Organically grown produce does not differ greatly in appearance from conventionally grown crops.

ADV: ADV with v

5. conventional
Conventional weapons and wars do not involve nuclear explosives.

- We must reduce the danger of war by controlling nuclear, chemical and conventional arms.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

conventional

adjective

1.

ordinary

accepted

customary

normal

orthodox

regular

standard

traditional

usual

2.

unoriginal

banal

hackneyed

prosaic

routine

run-of-the-mill

stereotyped

conventioneer

[D.J.:kənˌvenʃəˈniə]

[K.K.:kənˌvɛnʃəˈnɪr]

n.

与会者, 大会代表

conventioneer

conventioneer conventioneers
Conventioneers are people who are attending a convention. (AM)
N-COUNT: usu pl

convent school

convent school convent schools
A convent school is a school where many of the teachers are nuns.
N-COUNT

converge

[D.J.:kənˈvə:dʒ]

[K.K.:kənˈvɚdʒ]

vi.

(线条、运动的物体等)会于一点, 向一点会合

(趋于)相似或相同

converging

[kənˈvə:dʒiŋ]

adj.

收敛[缩]的;会聚的,趋同的

converge *

1. converge converges converging converged
If people or vehicles converge on a place, they move towards it from different directions.

- Competitors from more than a hundred countries have converged on Sheffield for the Games.

- Hundreds of coaches will converge on the capital.

VB

2. converge converges converging converged
If roads or lines converge , they meet or join at a particular place. (FORMAL)

- As they flow south, the five rivers converge.

VB
≠ diverge

3. converge converges converging converged
If different ideas or societies converge , they stop being different and become similar to each other.

- Speeches delivered yesterday by Mr Dewar and Mr Wallace indicated their views were converging.

- The views of the richest householders converged with those of the poorest and created a new consensus.

V-RECIP
≠ diverge

converge

verb

come together

coincide

combine

gather

join

meet

merge

convergence

[D.J.:kənˈvə:dʒəns]

[K.K.:kənˈvɚdʒəns]

n.

集中,收敛；集合

convergence *

convergence convergences
The convergence of different ideas, groups, or societies is the process by which they stop being different and become more similar. (FORMAL)

- ...the need to move towards greater economic convergence...

- There is a convergence between capitalist firms and co-operatives in terms of business strategy.

N-VAR
≠ divergence

conversant

[D.J.:kənˈvɜ:sənt, ˈkɔnvə-]

[K.K.:kənˈvə..sənt, ˈkɑnvə-]

adj.

熟悉的,了解的

conversant

conversant
If you are conversant with something, you are familiar with it and able to deal with it. (FORMAL)

- Those in business are not, on the whole, conversant with basic scientific principles.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n

conversation

[D.J.:ˌkɔnvəˈseiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnvɚˈseʃən]

n.

交谈, 谈话, 会话

conversation ***

1. conversation conversations
If you have a conversation with someone, you talk with them, usually in an informal situation.

- He's a talkative guy, and I struck up a conversation with him.

- I waited for her to finish a telephone conversation.

N-COUNT

2. conversation
If you say that people are in conversation , you mean that they are talking together.

- When I arrived I found her in conversation with Mrs Williams.

PHR: v-link PHR

3. conversation
If you make conversation , you talk to someone in order to be polite and not because you really want to.

- He had been trying to make conversation.

PHR: V inflects

conversation

noun

talk

chat

conference

dialogue

discourse

discussion

gossip

tête-à-tête

conversational

[D.J.:ˌkɔnvəˈseɪʃɵnl]

adj.

谈话的,会话的

健谈的,善于辞令的

口语的,适合于会话的

conversationally

adv.

会话地

conversational *

1. conversational
Conversational means relating to, or similar to, casual and informal talk.

- What is refreshing is the author's easy, conversational style.

- His father wanted him to learn conversational German.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. conversationally

- Lyrics are written almost conversationally, yet sung with passion.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v

conversationalist

[D.J.:ˌkɔnvəˈseɪʃənəlɪst]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnvɚˈseʃənəlɪst]

n.

健谈的人

conversationalist

conversationalist conversationalists
A good conversationalist is someone who talks about interesting things when they have conversations.

- Joan is a brilliant conversationalist.

- He hadn't seemed much of a conversationalist.

N-COUNT: usu adj N

converse

[D.J.:kənˈvə:s]

[K.K.:kənˈvɚs]

vi.

交谈, 谈话

[ˈkɔnvə:s]

adj.

相反的, 逆的

n.

逻辑上的事物; 反面说法

converse *

1. converse converses conversing conversed
If you converse with someone, you talk to them. You can also say that two people converse . (FORMAL)

- Luke sat directly behind the pilot and conversed with him.

- They were conversing in German, their only common language.

V-RECIP

2. converse
The converse of a statement is its opposite or reverse. (FORMAL)

- What you do for a living is critical to where you settle and how you live - and the converse is also true.

N-SING: the N
= opposite

converse

verb

talk

chat

commune

confer

discourse

exchange views

converse

noun

1.

opposite

antithesis

contrary

obverse

other side of the coin

reverse

adjective

2.

opposite

contrary

counter

reverse

reversed

transposed

conversely

[ˈkɔnvə:sli]

adv.

相反地, 颠倒地

conversely *

conversely
You say conversely to indicate that the situation you are about to describe is the opposite or reverse of the one you have just described. (FORMAL)

- Malaysia and Indonesia rely on open markets for forest and fishery products. Conversely, some Asian countries are highly protectionist.

ADV: ADV with cl

conversion

[D.J.:kənˈvə:ʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈvɚʒən, -ʃən]

n.

变换, 转化

(宗教、信仰等)彻底改变; 皈依

conversion **

1. conversion conversions
Conversion is the act or process of changing something into a different state or form.

- ...the conversion of disused rail lines into cycle routes...

- A loft conversion can add considerably to the value of a house.

N-VAR: usu with supp

2. conversion conversions
If someone changes their religion or beliefs, you can refer to their conversion to their new religion or beliefs.

- ...his conversion to Christianity...

- It's hard to trust the President's conversion.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft with poss

3. conversion conversions
In rugby, if a player makes or kicks a conversion , he scores points by kicking the ball over the goal after a try has been scored.
N-COUNT

conversion

noun

1.

change

metamorphosis

transformation

2.

adaptation

alteration

modification

reconstruction

remodelling

reorganization

convert

[D.J.:kənˈvə:t]

[K.K.:kənˈvɚt]

vt. & vi.

(使)转变, (使)转化

皈依, 改变(信仰)

converted

adj.

更换信仰的,修改的

converting

[kənˈvə:tiŋ]

n.

吹(炉冶)炼,转炉炼钢

convert ***

1. convert converts converting converted
If one thing is converted or converts into another, it is changed into a different form.

- The signal will be converted into digital code.

- ...naturally occurring substances which the body can convert into vitamins.

- ...a table that converts into an ironing board.

V-ERG

2. convert converts converting converted
If someone converts a room or building, they alter it in order to use it for a different purpose.

- By converting the loft, they were able to have two extra bedrooms.

- ...the entrepreneur who wants to convert County Hall into an hotel...

- He is living in a converted barn.

VB

3. convert converts converting converted
If you convert a vehicle or piece of equipment, you change it so that it can use a different fuel.

- Save money by converting your car to unleaded.

- The programme to convert every gas burner in Britain took 10 years.

VB

4. convert converts converting converted
If you convert a quantity from one system of measurement to another, you calculate what the quantity is in the second system.

- Converting metric measurements to U.S. equivalents is easy.

VB

5. convert converts converting converted
If someone converts you, they persuade you to change your religious or political beliefs. You can also say that someone converts to a different religion.

- If you try to convert him, you could find he just walks away.

- He was a major influence in converting Godwin to political radicalism.

- He converted to Catholicism in 1917.

V-ERG

6. convert converts
A convert is someone who has changed their religious or political beliefs.

- She, too, was a convert to Roman Catholicism.

- ...a Muslim convert now known as Yusuf Islam.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

7. convert converts converting converted
If someone converts you to something, they make you very enthusiastic about it.

- He quickly converted me to the joys of cross-country skiing.

VB

8. convert converts
If you describe someone as a convert to something, you mean that they have recently become very enthusiastic about it.

- As recent converts to vegetarianism and animal rights, they now live with a menagerie of stray animals.

N-COUNT: usu N to n

convert

verb

1.

change

alter

transform

transpose

turn

2.

adapt

apply

customize

modify

remodel

reorganize

restyle

revise

3.

reform

convince

proselytize

noun

4.

neophyte

disciple

proselyte

converter

[D.J.:kənˈvə:tə]

[K.K.:kənˈvɚtɚ]

n.

转炉

converter *

converter converters
A converter is a device that changes something into a different form.
N-COUNT
See also catalytic converter .

convertibility

[kənˌvə:təˈbiləti]

n.

可兑换性,可改变,可变换

convertible

[D.J.:kənˈvɜ:təbəl]

[K.K.:kənˈvə..təbəl]

adj.

可改变的,可变换的

(货币)可以自由兑换的

(汽车等)有折篷的，可折叠的

convertibility

n.

可改变性,可变化性

convertible **

1. convertible convertibles
A convertible is a car with a soft roof that can be folded down or removed.

- Her own car is a convertible Golf.

N-COUNT
= soft top

2. convertible
In finance, convertible investments or money can be easily exchanged for other forms of investments or money. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the introduction of a convertible currency.

ADJ

3. convertibility

- ...the convertibility of the rouble.

- ...rapid export growth based on currency convertibility.

N-UNCOUNT

convex

[D.J.:ˈkɔnˌveks, kənˈveks]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌvɛks, kənˈvɛks]

adj.

凸的, 凸面的

convex

convex
Convex is used to describe something that curves outwards in the middle.

- ...the large convex mirror above the fireplace.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ concave

convex

adjective

rounded

bulging

gibbous

protuberant

convey

[D.J.:kənˈvei]

[K.K.:kənˈve]

vt.

运输; 运送

表达, 转达

conveying

[kənˈveiiŋ]

n.

运输,输送

convey **

1. convey conveys conveying conveyed
To convey information or feelings means to cause them to be known or understood by someone.

- When I returned home, I tried to convey the wonder of this machine to my husband.

- In every one of her pictures she conveys a sense of immediacy.

- Mr Boucher said the Americans had conveyed their views to the Romanian government.

VB
= communicate

2. convey conveys conveying conveyed
To convey someone or something to a place means to carry or transport them there. (FORMAL)

- The railway company extended a branch line to Brightlingsea to convey fish direct to Billingsgate.

VB
= transport

convey

verb

1.

communicate

disclose

impart

make known

relate

reveal

tell

2.

carry

bear

bring

conduct

fetch

guide

move

send

transport

conveyance

[D.J.:kənˈveɪəns]

[K.K.:kənˈveəns]

n.

传送;运送;表达

<正>运输工具;交通工具

conveyance

1. conveyance conveyances
A conveyance is a vehicle. (LITERARY)

- Mahoney had never seen such a conveyance before.

N-COUNT
= vehicle

2. conveyance
The conveyance of something is the process of carrying or transporting it from one place to another. (FORMAL)

- ...the conveyance of bicycles on Regional Railways trains.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp
= transport

conveyancing

[D.J.:kənˈveiənsiŋ]

[K.K.:kənˈveənsɪŋ]

n.

财产或其他权益让与的法律事务

conveyancing

conveyancing
Conveyancing is the process of transferring the legal ownership of property. (mainly BRIT, LEGAL)
N-UNCOUNT

conveyor belt

1. conveyor belt conveyor belts
A conveyor belt or a conveyor is a continuously moving strip of rubber or metal which is used in factories for moving objects along so that they can be dealt with as quickly as possible.

- The damp bricks went along a conveyor belt into another shed to dry.

N-COUNT

2. conveyor belt conveyor belts
If you describe a situation as a conveyor belt , you dislike it because it produces things or people which are all the same or always deals with things or people in the same way.

- They feel scared and powerless in conveyor-belt hospital wards.

N-COUNT disapproval

convict

[D.J.:kənˈvikt]

[K.K.:kənˈvɪkt]

vt.

宣判有罪

[ˈkɔnvikt]

n.

囚犯

convict ***

1. convict convicts convicting convicted
If someone is convicted of a crime, they are found guilty of that crime in a law court.

- In 1977 he was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.

- There was insufficient evidence to convict him.

- ...a convicted drug dealer.

VB

2. convict convicts
A convict is someone who is in prison. (JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT
= prisoner

convict

verb

1.

find guilty

condemn

imprison

pronounce guilty

sentence

noun

2.

prisoner

criminal

culprit

felon

jailbird

lag slang

conviction

[D.J.:kənˈvikʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈvɪkʃən]

n.

确信, 坚定的信仰

定罪, 判罪

conviction ***

1. conviction convictions
A conviction is a strong belief or opinion.

- It is our firm conviction that a step forward has been taken.

- Their religious convictions prevented them from taking up arms.

N-COUNT: usu N that
= belief

2. conviction
If you have conviction , you have great confidence in your beliefs or opinions.

- `We shall, sir,' said Thorne, with conviction.

N-UNCOUNT

3. conviction
If something carries conviction , it is likely to be true or likely to be believed.

- Nor did his denial carry conviction.

PHR: V inflects

4. conviction convictions
If someone has a conviction , they have been found guilty of a crime in a court of law.

- He will appeal against his conviction.

- The man was known to the police because of previous convictions.

N-COUNT

conviction

noun

1.

belief

creed

faith

opinion

persuasion

principle

tenet

view

2.

confidence

assurance

certainty

certitude

firmness

reliance

convince

[D.J.:kənˈvins]

[K.K.:kənˈvɪns]

vt.

使相信; 使明白

convinced

[D.J.:kənˈvɪnst]

[K.K.:kənˈvɪnst]

adj.

确信的

有坚定信仰的

convincing

[D.J.:kənˈvɪnsɪŋ]

[K.K.:kənˈvɪnsɪŋ]

adj.

令人相信的;有说服力的

convincingness

n.

说服力

convincingly

adv.

信服地,有说服力地

convince ***

1. convince convinces convincing convinced
If someone or something convinces you of something, they make you believe that it is true or that it exists.

- Although I soon convinced him of my innocence, I think he still has serious doubts about my sanity.

- The waste disposal industry is finding it difficult to convince the public that its operations are safe.

VB

2. convince convinces convincing convinced
If someone or something convinces you to do something, they persuade you to do it. (mainly AM)

- That weekend in Plattsburgh, he convinced her to go ahead and marry Bud.

VB
= persuade

convinced ***

convinced
If you are convinced that something is true, you feel sure that it is true.

- He was convinced that I was part of the problem.

- He became convinced of the need for cheap editions of good quality writing.

- I'm not convinced.

- He was a convinced Communist.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ that, ADJ of n

convincing **

1. convincing
If you describe someone or something as convincing , you mean that they make you believe that a particular thing is true, correct, or genuine.

- Scientists say there is no convincing evidence that power lines have anything to do with cancer.

- He sounded very convincing.

ADJ-GRADED
= plausible ≠ unconvincing

2. convincingly

- He argued forcefully and convincingly that they were likely to bankrupt the budget.

- Benito Garozzo won convincingly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj
≠ unconvincingly

convince

verb

persuade

assure

bring round

prevail upon

satisfy

sway

win over

convincing

adjective

persuasive

cogent

conclusive

credible

impressive

plausible

powerful

telling

convivial

[D.J.:kənˈvɪvi:əl]

[K.K.:kənˈvɪviəl]

adj.

好交际的

随和的,活跃的， 欢乐的

conviviality

n.

conviviality

[kənˌviviˈæliti]

n.

欢宴,高兴,欢乐

convivial

1. convivial
Convivial people or occasions are pleasant, friendly, and relaxed. (FORMAL)

- ...looking forward to a convivial evening...

- The atmosphere was quite convivial.

ADJ-GRADED approval

2. conviviality

- ...the conviviality of the restaurant.

N-UNCOUNT

convocation

[D.J.:ˌkɔnvəˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnvəˈkeʃən]

n.

召集

正式集会

convocation

convocation convocations
A convocation is a meeting or ceremony attended by a large number of people. (FORMAL)

- ...a convocation of the American Youth Congress.

N-COUNT

convoluted

[D.J.:ˈkɔnvəˌlu:tɪd]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnvəˌlutɪd]

adj.

盘绕的,卷曲的

复杂的

convoluted

convoluted
If you describe a sentence, idea, or system as convoluted , you mean that it is complicated and difficult to understand. (FORMAL)

- Despite its length and convoluted plot, `Asta's Book' is a rich and rewarding read.

- The policy is so convoluted even college presidents are confused.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= complicated ≠ straightforward

convolution

[D.J.:ˌkɔnvəˈlju:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑnvəˈluʃən]

n.

回旋,盘旋,卷绕

convolution

1. convolution convolutions
Convolutions are curves on an object or design that has a lot of curves. (LITERARY)
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. convolution convolutions
You can use convolutions to refer to a situation that is very complicated. (LITERARY)

- ...the thorny convolutions of love.

N-VAR: oft N of n

convoy

[D.J.:ˈkɔnˌvɔɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkɑnˌvɔɪ]

n.

(有护航的)船队,车队;护航(队);护送队

vt.

护航,护送

convoy **

1. convoy convoys
A convoy is a group of vehicles or ships travelling together.

- ...a U.N. convoy carrying food and medical supplies.

- ...humanitarian relief convoys...

- They travel in convoy with armed guards.

N-COUNT: also in N

2. convoy convoys convoying convoyed
To convoy goods or people somewhere means to move them there in a convoy.

- He ordered the combined fleet to convoy troops to Naples.

VB

convulse

[D.J.:kənˈvʌls]

[K.K.:kənˈvʌls]

vt.

使抽搐,使剧烈震动

convulse

convulse convulses convulsing convulsed
If someone convulses or if they are convulsed by or with something, their body moves suddenly in an uncontrolled way.

- Olivia's face convulsed in a series of twitches.

- He let out a cry that convulsed his bulky frame and jerked his arm.

- The opposing team were so convulsed with laughter that they almost forgot to hit the ball.

V-ERG

convulse

verb

shake

agitate

churn up

derange

disorder

disturb

twist

work

convulsion

[D.J.:kənˈv ʌlʃən]

[K.K.:kənˈv ʌlʃən]

n.

抽搐,惊厥

大笑,狂笑

震动;动乱;(地震等)灾变

convulsions

n.

抽搐,哄堂大笑,社会动乱

convulsion *

1. convulsion convulsions
If someone has convulsions , they suffer uncontrollable movements of their muscles.
N-COUNT

2. convulsion convulsions
If there are convulsions in a country, system, or organization, there are major unexpected changes in it.

- ...the political convulsions that led to de Gaulle's return to power in May 1958.

- ...the great convulsion of the eighteenth century.

N-COUNT

convulsion

noun

spasm

contraction

cramp

fit

paroxysm

seizure

convulsive

[D.J.:kənˈvʌlsiv]

[K.K.:kənˈvʌlsɪv]

adj.

起痉挛的,痉挛性的

convulsively

adv.

痉挛性地

convulsive

1. convulsive
A convulsive movement or action is sudden and cannot be controlled. (FORMAL)

- She thought she could never stop until convulsive sobs racked her even more.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. convulsively

- His arms and legs jerked convulsively.

ADV: ADV with v

coo

[D.J.:ku:]

[K.K.:ku]

vi.

(鸽)咕咕地叫, 发出鸽叫般的声音

vt.

温柔可爱地说话

n.

鸽子的咕咕声

cooing

喔啊声

coo *

1. coo coos cooing cooed
When a dove or pigeon coos , it makes the soft sounds that doves and pigeons typically make.

- Pigeons fluttered in and out, cooing gently.

VB

2. coo coos cooing cooed
When someone coos , they speak in a very soft, quiet voice which is intended to sound attractive.

- She paused to coo at the baby.

- `Isn't this marvelous?' she cooed.

VB

cook

[D.J.:kuk]

[K.K.:kʊk]

vt. & vi.

烹调, 煮, 烧

编造; 篡改

n.

做饭的人, 厨师

cooked

[kukt]

adj.

煮[烹]熟的

cooking

[D.J.:ˈkʊkɪŋ]

n.

烹饪术

be cooking with gas

如火如荼地进行；热火朝天

what’s cooking?

在干什么；怎么

cook ****

1. cook cooks cooking cooked
When you cook a meal, you prepare food for eating by heating it.

- I have to go and cook the dinner.

- Chefs at the St James Court restaurant have cooked for the Queen.

- We'll cook them a nice Italian meal.

VB

2. cooking

- Her hobbies include music, dancing, sport and cooking.

N-UNCOUNT

3. cook cooks cooking cooked
When you cook food, or when food cooks , it is heated until it is ready to be eaten.

- ...some basic instructions on how to cook a turkey...

- Let the vegetables cook gently for about 10 minutes.

- Drain the pasta as soon as it is cooked.

V-ERG

4. cook cooks
A cook is a person whose job is to prepare and cook food, especially in someone's home or in an institution.

- They had a butler, a cook, and a maid.

N-COUNT
= chef

5. cook cooks
If you say that someone is a good cook , you mean they are good at preparing and cooking food.
N-COUNT: adj N

6. cook
If you say that someone has cooked the books , you mean that they have changed figures or a written record in order to deceive people. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects

cooking ***

1. cooking
Cooking is food which has been cooked.

- The menu is based on classic French cooking.

- ...Mom's home cooking.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

2. cooking
Cooking ingredients or equipment are used in cookery.

- Finely slice the cooking apples.

- ...cooking chocolate.

- ...cooking pots.

ADJ: ADJ n

cook up ****

1. cook up cooks up; cooking up; cooked up
If someone cooks up a dishonest scheme, they plan it. (INFORMAL)

- He must have cooked up his scheme on the spur of the moment.

PHR-V

2. cook up cooks up; cooking up; cooked up
If someone cooks up an explanation or a story, they make it up. (INFORMAL)

- She'll cook up a convincing explanation.

PHR-V

3. cook up cooks up; cooking up; cooked up
If you cook up a quantity of food, especially a large quantity, you heat it until it is ready to be eaten.

- Hot food is available, though the prisoners have to cook it up themselves.

- He used to cook up great cauldrons of pasta.

PHR-V

cookbook

[D.J.:ˈkʊkˌbʊk]

[K.K.:ˈkʊkˌbʊk]

n.

食谱

cookbook *

cookbook cookbooks
A cookbook is a book that contains recipes for preparing food.
N-COUNT also cook-book .
= cookery book

cooker

[D.J.:ˈkukə]

[K.K.:ˈkʊkɚ]

n.

炊具; 锅; 炉灶

cooker *

cooker cookers
A cooker is a large metal device for cooking food using gas or electricity. A cooker usually consists of a grill, an oven, and some gas or electric rings. (BRIT; in AM usually use stove )

- ...a gas cooker.

N-COUNT
See also pressure cooker .

cookery

[D.J.:ˈkʊkəri:]

[K.K.:ˈkʊkəri]

n.

烹饪学,烹饪术

cookery *

cookery
Cookery is the activity of preparing and cooking food.

- The school runs cookery courses throughout the year.

N-UNCOUNT

cookery book

cookery book cookery books
A cookery book is the same as a cookbook . (BRIT)
N-COUNT

cookie

[D.J.:ˈkuki]

[K.K.:ˈkʊki]

n.

饼干

人(尤指男人)

cookies

n.

饼干

cookie *

1. cookie cookies
A cookie is a sweet biscuit. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

2. cookie
If you say that someone is a tough cookie , you mean that they have a strong and determined character. (INFORMAL)
PHR: N inflects

3. cookie cookies
In computing, a cookie is a piece of software which enables a website you have visited to recognize you if you visit it again.
N-COUNT

cookout

[D.J.:ˈkukaut]

[K.K.:ˈkʊkˌaʊt]

n.

在外面野餐的郊游

cookout

cookout cookouts
A cookout is the same as a barbecue . (AM)
N-COUNT

cooktop

[D.J.:ˈkuktɔp]

[K.K.:ˈkʊkˌtɑp]

n.

炉灶面

cooktop

cooktop cooktops
A cooktop is a surface on top of a cooker or set into a work surface, which can be heated in order to cook things on it. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

cookware

[D.J.:ˈkukweə]

[K.K.:ˈkʊkˌwɛr]

n.

〈美〉烹饪用具,炊具

cookware

cookware
Cookware is the range of pans and pots which are used in cooking.

- ...several lines of popular cookware and utensils.

N-UNCOUNT

cool

[D.J.:ku:l]

[K.K.:kul]

adj.

凉快的, 凉爽的; 冷色的

冷静的, 镇定的

冷漠的; 厚颜无耻的

vt. & vi.

(使)变凉

(使)冷静

cooled

冷却的

cooler

[D.J.:ˈku:lə]

[K.K.:ˈkulɚ]

n.

冷却器, 冰箱

cooling

[D.J.:ˈku:lɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkulɪŋ]

n.

冷却

adj.

凉的；凉爽的

冷却的

coolly

[D.J.:ˈku:llɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkulɪ]

adv.

凉爽地

冷淡地

厚颜无耻地

冷静地；沉着地

coolness

[D.J.:ˈku:lnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈkulnɪs]

n.

凉快,凉爽

冷静,沉着

冷淡

厚颜无耻

cool ****

1. cool cooler coolest
Something that is cool has a temperature which is low but not very low.

- I felt a current of cool air.

- The water was slightly cooler than a child's bath.

- The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ warm

2. coolness

- His knees felt the coolness of the tiled floor.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. cool cooler coolest
If it is cool , or if a place is cool , the temperature of the air is low but not very low.

- Thank goodness it's cool in here.

- Store grains and cereals in a cool, dry place.

- ...a cool November evening.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ
≠ warm

4. cool
Also a noun.

- She walked into the cool of the hallway.

N-SING: the N, oft N of n

5. coolness

- Soon we left the coolness of the olive groves.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

6. cool cooler coolest
Clothing that is cool is made of thin material so that you do not become too hot in hot weather.

- In warm weather, you should wear clothing that is cool and comfortable.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ warm

7. cool cooler coolest
Cool colours are light colours which give an impression of coolness.

- Choose a cool colour such as cream.

- The drawing-room was a cool silver green.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
≠ warm

8. cool cools cooling cooled
When something cools or when you cool it, it becomes lower in temperature.

- Drain the meat and allow it to cool.

- Huge fans will have to cool the concrete floor to keep it below 150 degrees.

- ...a cooling breeze.

V-ERG

9. cool down cools down; cooling down; cooled down
To cool down means the same as to cool .

- Avoid putting your car away until the engine has cooled down.

- The other main way the body cools itself down is by panting.

PHR-V-ERG

10. cooling

- Being immobile in a cold room leads to a cooling of the body temperature.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

11. cool cools cooling cooled
When a feeling or emotion cools , or when you cool it, it becomes less powerful.

- Within a few minutes tempers had cooled.

- His weird behaviour had cooled her passion.

V-ERG

12. cool cooler coolest
If you say that a person or their behaviour is cool , you mean that they are calm and unemotional, especially in a difficult situation.

- He was marvelously cool again, smiling as if nothing had happened.

- At that, Reno lost her cool composure.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= calm

13. coolly

- Everyone must think this situation through calmly and coolly.

- ...coolly `objective' professionals.

ADV-GRADED

14. coolness

- Detectives praised him for his coolness.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

15. cool cooler coolest
If you say that a person or their behaviour is cool , you mean that they are unfriendly or not enthusiastic.

- I didn't like him at all. I thought he was cool, aloof, and arrogant.

- The idea met with a cool response.

- He was given a cool reception.

ADJ-GRADED

16. coolly

- `It's your choice, Nina,' David said coolly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

17. coolness

- She seemed quite unaware of the sudden coolness of her friend's manner.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

18. cool cooler coolest
If you say that a person or their behaviour is cool , you mean that they are fashionable and attractive. (INFORMAL)

- He was trying to be really cool and trendy.

- ...some 15-year-old kid who thinks it's cool to do heroin.

ADJ-GRADED approval

19. cool cooler coolest
If you say that someone is cool about something, you mean that they accept it and are not angry or upset about it. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- Bev was really cool about it all.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n approval

20. cool cooler coolest
If you say that something is cool , you think it is very good. (INFORMAL)

- Kathleen gave me a really cool dress.

ADJ-GRADED
= great

21. cool cooler coolest
You can use cool to emphasize that an amount or figure is very large, especially when it has been obtained easily. (INFORMAL)

- Columbia recently re-signed the band for a cool $30 million.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n emphasis

22. cool
If you tell someone to cool it , you want them to stop being angry and aggressive and to behave more calmly. (SPOKEN)

- Can't you guys just cool it?

PHR
= calm down

23. cool
If you keep your cool in a difficult situation, you manage to remain calm. If you lose your cool , you get angry or upset. (INFORMAL)

- She kept her cool and managed to get herself out of the ordeal.

- The big Irishman was on the verge of losing his cool.

PHR: V inflects

24. cool
If you play it cool , you deliberately behave in a calm, unemotional way because you do not want people to know you are enthusiastic or angry about something. (INFORMAL)

- It's ridiculous to play it cool if someone you're mad about is mad about you too.

PHR: V inflects

cool down ****

cool down cools down; cooling down; cooled down
If someone cools down or if you cool them down , they become less angry than they were.

- He has had time to cool down and look at what happened more objectively.

- First McNeil had to cool down the volatile Australian 20-year old.

PHR-V-ERG
= calm down

cooler *

cooler coolers
A cooler is a container for keeping things cool, especially drinks.
N-COUNT
= cool box

See also cool .

cool

adjective

1.

cold

chilled

chilly

nippy

refreshing

2.

calm

collected

composed

relaxed

sedate

self-controlled

self-possessed

unemotional

unruffled

3.

unfriendly

aloof

distant

indifferent

lukewarm

offhand

standoffish

unenthusiastic

unwelcoming

verb

4.

chill

cool off

freeze

lose heat

refrigerate

noun

5.

calmness

composure

control

poise

self-control

self-discipline

self-possession

temper

cool off ****

cool off cools off; cooling off; cooled off
If someone or something cools off , or if you cool them off , they become cooler after having been hot.

- Maybe he's trying to cool off out there in the rain.

- She made a fanning motion, pretending to cool herself off.

- Cool off the carrots quickly.

PHR-V-ERG

coolant

[D.J.:ˈku:lənt]

[K.K.:ˈkulənt]

n.

冷冻剂,冷却液,散热剂

coolant

coolant coolants
Coolant is a liquid used to keep a machine or engine cool while it is operating.
N-MASS

cool-headed

[ˈkulˈhedid]

adj.

头脑冷静的

cool-headed

cool-headed
If you describe someone as cool-headed , you mean that they stay calm in difficult situations.

- A good chef is cool-headed and very observant.

- ...a cool-headed, responsible statesman.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= calm

coolie

[D.J.:ˈku:li]

[K.K.:ˈkooli]

n.

苦力,小工(尤指旧时印度、中国等的)当地非熟练工人

coolie

coolie coolies
In former times, unskilled workers in China or other parts of Asia were sometimes referred to as coolies . This word could cause offence.
N-COUNT

cooling-off period

cooling-off period cooling-off periods
A cooling-off period is an agreed period of time during which two sides with opposing views try to resolve a dispute before taking any serious action.

- There should be a seven-day cooling-off period between a strike ballot and industrial action.

- ...a one-year cooling-off period before couples were granted a divorce.

N-COUNT

cooling tower

cooling tower cooling towers
A cooling tower is a very large, round, high building which is used to cool water from factories or power stations.

- ...landscapes dominated by coal tips, cooling towers and tall factory chimneys.

N-COUNT

coon

[D.J.:ku:n]

[K.K.:kun]

n.

浣熊,无可救药者,〈蔑〉黑人

coon

1. coon coons
A coon is a raccoon . (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. coon coons
Coon is an extremely offensive word for a black person. (INFORMAL) ( VERY OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT

coop

[D.J.:ku:p]

[K.K.:kup]

n.

(关家禽等的)笼子,栏舍

拘禁的场所

<俚>监牢

vt.

把…关在笼子(或栏舍等)中;把…拘禁起来

vi.

<美><俚>(警察值勤时)打瞌睡

coop

1. coop coops
A coop is a cage where you keep small animals or birds such as chickens and rabbits.
N-COUNT

2. coop
If you say that someone has flown the coop , you mean that they have left a place or situation that limits their freedom.

- ...a family whose children have grown up and flown the coop...

- She graduates to senior stylist and then flies the coop to set up in a salon of her own.

PHR: V inflects

co-op

[D.J.:ˈkəuɔp,kəuˈɔp]

[K.K.:ˈkoˌɑp, koˈɑp]

n.

〈俚〉消费合作社

co-op

co-op co-ops
A co-op is a co-operative. (INFORMAL)

- The co-op sells the art work at exhibitions.

N-COUNT

cooped up

cooped up
If you say that someone is cooped up , you mean that they live or are kept in a place which is too small, or which does not allow them much freedom.

- He is cooped up in a cramped cell with 10 other inmates.

- It isn't good for her to be cooped up all the time.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

cooper

[D.J.:ˈku:pə]

[K.K.:ˈkupɚ]

n.

制桶工人

cooper

cooper coopers
A cooper is a person who makes barrels. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

co-operating

协同操作

co-operation

n.

合作

co-operate ***

1. co-operate co-operates co-operating co-operated
If you co-operate with someone, you work with them or help them for a particular purpose. You can also say that two people co-operate .

- The UN had been co-operating with the State Department on a plan to find countries willing to take the refugees.

- The couple spoke about how they would co-operate in the raising of their child.

- The French and British are co-operating more closely than they have for years.

V-RECIP also cooperate .

2. co-operation

- A deal with Japan could indeed open the door to economic co-operation with East Asia.

N-UNCOUNT

3. co-operate co-operates co-operating co-operated
If you co-operate , you do what someone has asked or told you to do.

- He agreed to co-operate with the police investigation.

- The plan failed because the soldiers refused to co-operate.

VB also cooperate .

4. co-operation

- The police underlined the importance of the public's co-operation in the hunt for the bombers.

N-UNCOUNT
= assistance

co-operative *

1. co-operative co-operatives
A co-operative is a business or organization run by the people who work for it, or owned by the people who use it. These people share its benefits and profits.

- They decided a housing co-operative was the way to regenerate Ormiston Crescent.

- The restaurant is run as a co-operative.

N-COUNT also cooperative .
= collective

2. co-operative
A co-operative activity is done by people working together.

- He was transferred to FBI custody in a smooth co-operative effort between Egyptian and US authorities.

- The President said the visit would develop friendly and co-operative relations between the two countries.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also cooperative .

3. co-operatively

- They agreed to work co-operatively to ease tensions wherever possible.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

4. co-operative
If you say that someone is co-operative , you mean that they do what you ask them to without complaining or arguing.

- I made every effort to be co-operative.

ADJ-GRADED also cooperative .
= obliging

co-operative society

co-operative society co-operative societies
In Britain, a co-operative society is a commercial organization with several shops in a particular district. Customers can join this organization and get a share of its profits.
N-COUNT
= co-op

co-opt

[D.J.:kəuˈɔpt]

[K.K.:koˈɑpt, ˈkoˌɑpt]

vt.

由现会员选举,指派

co-opt

1. co-opt co-opts co-opting co-opted
If you co-opt someone, you persuade them to help or support you.

- Mr Wallace tries to co-opt rather than defeat his critics.

- Sofia Petrovna co-opted Natasha as her assistant.

VB

2. co-opt co-opts co-opting co-opted
If someone is co-opted into a group, they are asked by that group to become a member, rather than joining or being elected in the normal way.

- He was co-opted into the Labour Government of 1964.

- He's been authorised to co-opt anyone he wants to join him.

VB

3. co-opt co-opts co-opting co-opted
If a group or political party co-opts a slogan or policy, they take it, often from another group or political party, and use it themselves.

- He co-opted many nationalist slogans and cultivated a populist image.

VB

co-ordinate **

1. co-ordinate co-ordinates co-ordinating co-ordinated
If you co-ordinate an activity, you organize the various people and things involved in it.

- Government officials visited the earthquake zone on Thursday morning to co-ordinate the relief effort.

- ...the setting up of an advisory committee to co-ordinate police work.

VB The spelling coordinate is also used.

2. co-ordinated

- ...a rapid and well co-ordinated international rescue operation.

ADJ-GRADED

3. co-ordinator co-ordinators

- ...the party's campaign co-ordinator, Mr Peter Mandelson.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. co-ordinate co-ordinates co-ordinating co-ordinated
If you co-ordinate clothes or furnishings that are used together, or if they co-ordinate , they are similar in some way and look nice together.

- She'll show you how to co-ordinate pattern and colours.

- Tie it with fabric bows that co-ordinate with other furnishings.

- Colours and looks must fit the themes of the seasons so that the shops co-ordinate well.

- ...curtains and co-ordinating bed covers.

V-RECIP-ERG The spelling coordinate is also used.

5. co-ordinate co-ordinates
Co-ordinates are pieces of clothing or soft furnishings which are similar and which are intended to be worn or used together.

- ...new lingerie co-ordinates.

N-PLURAL The spelling coordinate is also used.

6. co-ordinate co-ordinates co-ordinating co-ordinated
If you co-ordinate the different parts of your body, you make them work together efficiently to perform particular movements.

- They spend several weeks each year undergoing intensive treatment which enables them to coordinate their limbs better.

VB The spelling coordinate is also used.

7. co-ordinate co-ordinates
The co-ordinates of a point on a map or graph are the two sets of numbers or letters that you need in order to find that point. (TECHNICAL)

- Can you give me your co-ordinates?

- ...the latitude and longitude co-ordinates of any location in the world.

N-COUNT: usu pl The spelling coordinate is also used.

co-ordinating conjunction

co-ordinating conjunction co-ordinating conjunctions
A co-ordinating conjunction is a word such as `and', `or', or `but' which joins two or more words, groups, or clauses of equal status, for example two main clauses. Compare subordinating conjunction . (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

co-ordination *

1. co-ordination
If you do something in co-ordination with someone else, you both organize your activities so that you work together efficiently.

- ...the lack of co-ordination between the civilian and military authorities.

- ...the co-ordination of EC economic policy.

- ...operating either in coordination with federal troops or alone.

PHR-PREP

2. co-ordination
Co-ordination is the ability to use the different parts of your body together efficiently.

- ...clumsiness and lack of co-ordination...

- To improve hand-eye co-ordination, practise throwing and catching balls.

N-UNCOUNT

coot

[D.J.:ku:t]

[K.K.:kut]

n.

黑鸭,笨蛋,傻瓜

coot

coot coots
A coot is a water bird with black feathers and a white patch on its forehead.
N-COUNT

cop

[D.J.:kɔp]

[K.K.:kɑp]

n.

警察

cops

[kɔps]

n.

堆;顶

cop **

1. cop cops
A cop is a policeman or policewoman. (INFORMAL)

- Frank didn't like having the cops know where to find him.

N-COUNT

2. cop
If you cop it , someone punishes you or speaks to you angrily because you have done something wrong. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Motel owners and restaurant managers copped it for neglecting their clients.

PHR: V inflects

3. cop
If you say that something is not much cop , you mean that it is not very good, and is disappointing. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The Jane's `Triple X Album' came out in 1986, and wasn't much cop actually.

PHR: v-link PHR

cop out **

cop out cops out; copping out; copped out
If you say that someone is copping out , you mean they are avoiding doing something they should do. (INFORMAL)

- `Will you call the board to alert them that I feel I should resign?' --- `I'll do it. But I think you're copping out.'

PHR-V disapproval
See also cop-out .

cope

[D.J.:kəup]

[K.K.:kop]

vi.

成功地应付; 对付

coping

[D.J.:ˈkəupiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkopɪŋ]

n.

顶部,顶盖,墙的顶部

cope ***

1. cope copes coping coped
If you cope with a problem or task, you deal with it successfully.

- It was amazing how my mother coped with bringing up three children on less than three pounds a week.

- The problems were an annoyance, but we managed to cope.

VB
= manage

2. cope copes coping coped
If you have to cope with an unpleasant situation, you have to accept it or bear it.

- Never before has the industry had to cope with war and recession at the same time.

- She has had to cope with losing all her previous status and money.

VB
= contend

3. cope copes coping coped
If a machine or a system can cope with something, it is large enough or complex enough to deal with it satisfactorily.

- New blades have been designed to cope with the effects of dead insects.

- The country's prisons are filled with drug-takers, and cannot cope with the numbers.

- The speed of economic change has been so great that the tax-collecting system has been unable to cope.

VB

4. cope copes
A cope is a long sleeveless piece of clothing worn by some Christian priests on special occasions.
N-COUNT

cope

verb

1.

manage

carry on

get by informal

hold one's own

make the grade

struggle through

survive

cope with

2.

deal with

contend with

grapple with

handle

struggle with

weather

wrestle with

copier

[D.J.:ˈkɔpiə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑpiɚ]

n.

复印机

copier

1. copier copiers
A copier is a machine which makes exact copies of writing or pictures on paper, usually by a photographic process.
N-COUNT
= photocopier

2. copier copiers
A copier is someone who copies what someone else has done.

- ...their reputation as a copier of other countries' designs, patents, and inventions.

N-COUNT
= copyist

co-pilot

副驾驶员;自动驾驶仪

co-pilot

co-pilot co-pilots
The co-pilot of an aircraft is a pilot who assists the chief pilot.

- The pilot was seriously injured and the co-pilot took over.

N-COUNT

copious

[D.J.:ˈkəʊpi:əs]

[K.K.:ˈkopiəs]

adj.

丰富的

copiously

adv.

丰富地,充裕地

copious *

1. copious
A copious amount of something is a large amount of it.

- I went out for a meal last night and drank copious amounts of red wine.

- He attended his lectures and took copious notes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= abundant

2. copiously

- The victims were bleeding copiously.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

copious

adjective

abundant

ample

bountiful

extensive

full

lavish

plentiful

profuse

cop-out

[D.J.:ˈkɔpaut]

[K.K.:ˈkɑpˌaʊt]

n.

〈俚〉站不住脚的借口

cop-out

cop-out cop-outs
If you refer to something as a cop-out , you think that it is a way for someone to avoid doing something that they should do. (INFORMAL)

- Wallowing in guilt about the past is a cop-out that prevents you from taking responsibility for yourself now.

- The film's ending is an unsatisfactory cop-out.

N-COUNT: usu sing disapproval

copper

[D.J.:ˈkɔpə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑpɚ]

n.

铜

铜币

copper **

1. copper
Copper is reddish brown metal that is used to make things such as coins and electrical wires.

- Chile is the world's largest producer of copper.

- ...a copper mine.

N-UNCOUNT

2. copper
Copper is sometimes used to describe things that are reddish-brown in colour. (LITERARY)

- His hair has reverted back to its original copper hue.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. copper coppers
Coppers are brown metal coins of low value. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

4. copper coppers
A copper is a policeman or a policewoman. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...your friendly neighbourhood copper.

N-COUNT

copper beech

copper beech copper beeches
A copper beech is a type of tree with reddish-brown leaves.
N-VAR

copper-bottomed

adj.

(船)底包铜皮的

copper-bottomed

copper-bottomed
If you describe something as copper-bottomed , you believe that it is certain to be successful. (BRIT)

- The combination of sex and treachery proved a copper-bottomed circulation booster.

- Their copper-bottomed scheme went badly wrong.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

coppery

[ˈkɔpəri]

adj.

含铜的,铜制的,铜一样的

coppery

coppery
A coppery colour is reddish-brown like copper.

- ...pale coppery leaves.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

coppice

[D.J.:ˈkɔpis]

[K.K.:ˈkɑpɪs]

n.

矮林

coppicing

[ˈkɔpisiŋ]

n.

矮林作业

coppice

1. coppice coppices
A coppice is a small group of trees growing very close to each other. (BRIT; in AM use copse )

- ...coppices of willow.

- ...the mixed coppice is an ideal habitat for nesting birds.

N-COUNT
= copse

2. coppice coppices coppicing coppiced
To coppice trees or bushes means to cut off parts of them, in order to make them look more attractive or to make it easier to obtain wood from them. (mainly BRIT, TECHNICAL)

- The villagers have common rights to gather timber and coppice trees from their local woods.

- ...extensive oak woods with coppiced hazel and sweet chestnut.

- ...areas where coppicing of hawthorn and hazel occurs.

VB

cops-and-robbers

cops-and-robbers
A cops-and-robbers film, television programme, or book is one whose story involves the police trying to catch criminals.
ADJ: ADJ n

copse

[D.J.:kɔps]

[K.K.:kɑps]

n.

小灌木材,杂树林

copse

copse copses
A copse is a small group of trees growing very close to each other.

- ...a little copse of fir trees.

N-COUNT
= coppice

copter

[D.J.:ˈkɔptə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑptɚ]

n.

<口>直升飞机

copter

copter copters
A copter is a helicopter. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= helicopter

Coptic

[D.J.:ˈkɔptik]

[K.K.:ˈkɑptɪk]

n.

埃及古语

adj.

科普特人的,埃及基督徒的

Coptic

Coptic
Coptic means belonging or relating to a part of the Christian Church which was started in Egypt.

- The Coptic Church is among the oldest churches of Christianity.

ADJ: ADJ n

copula

[D.J.:ˈkɔpjulə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑpjələ]

n.

系动词(如be,seem,appear等),(命题主词与谓词间的)连系

copula

copula copulas
A copula is the same as a link verb .
N-COUNT

copulate

[D.J.:ˈkɔpjuleit]

[K.K.:ˈkɑpjəˌlet]

vi.

性交,交配,交尾

adj.

连接的,配合的

copulation

[ˌkɔpjuˈleiʃən]

n.

性交,交配,交尾

copulate

1. copulate copulates copulating copulated
If one animal or person copulates with another, they have sex. You can also say that two animals or people copulate. (TECHNICAL)

- During the time she is paired to a male, the female allows no other males to copulate with her.

- Whales take twenty-four hours to copulate.

V-RECIP

2. copulation copulations

- ...acts of copulation.

N-VAR

copy

[D.J.:ˈkɔpi]

[K.K.:ˈkɑpi]

n.

复制本, 副本

一份, 一册

准备排印的书面材料

vt. & vi.

复制; 抄写

vt.

模仿, 仿效

copying

[ˈkɔpiiŋ]

n.

复制,复印

copy ****

1. copy copies
If you make a copy of something, you produce something that looks like the original thing.

- The reporter apparently obtained a copy of Steve's resignation letter.

- Always keep a copy of everything in your own files.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= duplicate

2. copy copies copying copied
If you copy something, you produce something that looks like the original thing.

- She never participated in obtaining or copying any classified documents for anyone.

- ...lawsuits against companies who have unlawfully copied computer programs.

- ...top designers, whose work has been widely copied...

- Firmicus relates that he copied the chart from a book by Aesculapius.

VB

3. copy copies copying copied
If you copy a piece of writing, you write it again exactly.

- He would allow John slyly to copy his answers to impossibly difficult algebra questions.

- He copied the data into a notebook.

- We're copying from textbooks because we don't have enough textbooks.

VB

4. copy out copies out; copying out; copied out
Copy out means the same as copy .

- He wrote the title on the blackboard, then copied out the text sentence by sentence.

- `Did he leave a phone number?' --- `Oh, yes.' She copied it out for him.

PHR-V

5. copy copies copying copied
If you copy a person or what they do, you try to do what they do or try to be like them, usually because you admire them or what they have done.

- Children can be seen to copy the behaviour of others whom they admire or identify with.

- He can claim to have been defeated by opponents copying his own tactics.

- ...the coquettish gestures she had copied from actresses in soap operas.

VB
= imitate

6. copying

- Children learn by copying.

N-UNCOUNT

7. copy copies
A copy of a book, newspaper, or record is one of many that are exactly the same.

- I bought a copy of `USA Today' from a street-corner machine.

- You can obtain a copy for $2 from New York Central Art Supply.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

8. copy
In journalism, copy is written material that is ready to be printed or read in a broadcast. (TECHNICAL)

- ...his ability to write the most lyrical copy in the history of sports television.

- ...advertising copy.

N-UNCOUNT

9. copy
In journalism, copy is news or information that can be used in an article in a newspaper. (TECHNICAL)

- ...journalists looking for good copy.

N-UNCOUNT

copy

noun

1.

reproduction

counterfeit

duplicate

facsimile

forgery

imitation

likeness

model

replica

verb

2.

reproduce

counterfeit

duplicate

replicate

transcribe

3.

imitate

ape

emulate

follow

mimic

mirror

repeat

copy down ****

copy down copies down; copying down; copied down
If you copy down something that someone has said or written, you write it down exactly.

- Instructors read slowly and students copied down what was said.

- I copied it down the way my lawyer read it to me this morning.

PHR-V

copybook

[D.J.:ˈkɔpi:ˌbʊk]

[K.K.:ˈkɑpiˌbʊk]

adj.

<英>典范的;样板的

copybook

1. copybook
A copybook action is done perfectly, according to established rules. (mainly BRIT)

- Yuri gave a copybook display.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. copybook
If you blot your copybook , you spoil your good reputation by doing something wrong. (mainly BRIT)

- Alec blotted his copybook -- got sent home for bad behaviour.

PHR: V inflects

copycat

[D.J.:ˈkɔpi:ˌkæt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑpiˌkæt]

n.

盲目模仿者

copycat

1. copycat
A copycat crime is committed by someone who is copying someone else.

- ...a series of copycat attacks by hooligan gangs.

ADJ: ADJ n also copy-cat .

2. copycat copycats
If you call someone a copycat , you are accusing them of copying your behaviour, dress, or ideas. (INFORMAL)

- The Beatles have copycats all over the world.

N-COUNT also copy-cat . disapproval

copyist

[D.J.:ˈkəpiist]

[K.K.:ˈkɑpiɪst]

n.

抄写员,模仿者

copyist

copyist copyists
A copyist copies other people's music or paintings or, in the past, made written copies of documents.

- She copies the true artist's signature as part of a painting, as do most copyists.

N-COUNT

copyright

[D.J.:ˈkɔpirait]

[K.K.:ˈkɑpiˌraɪt]

n.

版权

copyright **

copyright copyrights
If someone has copyright on a piece of writing or music, it is illegal to reproduce or perform it without their permission.

- To order a book one first had to get permission from the monastery that held the copyright.

- She threatened legal action against the Sun for breach of copyright.

N-VAR

copyrighted

copyrighted
Copyrighted material is protected by a copyright.

- Lawyers say the play used copyrighted music without permission.

ADJ

copywriter

[D.J.:ˈkɔpiraitə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑpiˌraɪtɚ]

n.

广告文编写人

copywriter

copywriter copywriters
A copywriter is a person whose job is to write the words for advertisements.
N-COUNT

coquette

coquette coquettes
A coquette is a woman who behaves in a coquettish way.
N-COUNT
= flirt

coquettish

coquettish
If you describe a woman as coquettish , you mean she acts in a playful way that is intended to make men find her attractive.

- She gave him a coquettish glance.

ADJ-GRADED
= flirtatious

cor

[kɔ:]

int.

轻微的感叹词(表示惊讶、羡慕等)

cor

cor
You can say cor when you are surprised or impressed. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Cor, look, Annie.

EXCLAM feelings

coracle

[D.J.:ˈkɔrəkl]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrəkəl, ˈkɑr-]

n.

小圆舟

coracle

coracle coracles
In former times, a coracle was a simple round rowing boat made of woven sticks covered with animal skins.
N-COUNT

coral

[D.J.:ˈkɔrəl]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrəl, ˈkɑr-]

n.

珊瑚

coral *

1. coral corals
Coral is a hard substance formed from the bones of very small sea animals. It is often used to make jewellery.

- The women have elaborate necklaces of turquoise and pink coral.

N-VAR

2. coral corals
Corals are very small sea animals.
N-COUNT

3. coral corals
Something that is coral is dark orangey-pink in colour.

- ...coral lipstick.

- ...the coral-colored flower buds.

COLOUR

coral reef

coral reef coral reefs
A coral reef is a long narrow mass of coral and other substances, the top of which is usually just above or just below the surface of the sea.

- An unspoilt coral reef encloses the bay.

N-COUNT

cord

[D.J.:kɔ:d]

[K.K.:kɔrd]

n.

(细)绳

灯心绒裤

cords

n.

用灯芯绒做的衣物

cord **

1. cord cords
Cord is strong, thick string.

- The door had been tied shut with a length of nylon cord.

- ...gilded cords and tassels.

N-VAR

2. cord cords
Cord is wire covered in rubber or plastic which connects electrical equipment to an electricity supply.

- ...electrical cord...

- We used so many lights that we needed four extension cords.

N-VAR
= cable flex

3. cord cords
Cords are trousers made of corduroy .

- He had bare feet, a T-shirt and cords on.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

4. cord
Cord means made of corduroy .

- ...a pair of cord trousers.

ADJ: ADJ n

cord

noun

rope

line

string

twine

cordial

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:djəl]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrdʒəl]

adj.

热诚的, 热情友好的

cordiality

[D.J.:ˌk ɔ:dˈɪælɪtɪ]

[K.K.:k ɔrˈd ʒælətɪ]

n.

热诚,诚挚

热诚的行为(或言辞)

cordially

[D.J.:ˌk ɔ:djəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈk ɔrd ʒəlɪ]

adv.

热诚地,诚挚地,友善地

cordial *

1. cordial
Cordial means friendly. (FORMAL)

- He had never known him to be so chatty and cordial.

- He said the two countries had close and cordial relations.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ hostile

2. cordially

- They all greeted me very cordially and were eager to talk about the new project.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. cordiality

- Egypt wants to solve the problem in an atmosphere of cordiality.

N-UNCOUNT
= friendliness ≠ hostility

4. cordial cordials
Cordial is a sweet non-alcoholic drink made from fruit juice. (BRIT)

- ...fruit cordials.

N-MASS

5. cordial cordials
A cordial is a strong alcoholic drink with a sweet taste. You drink it after a meal. (AM; in BRIT use liqueur )
N-MASS

cordial

adjective

warm

affable

agreeable

cheerful

congenial

friendly

genial

hearty

sociable

cordite

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:dait]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrˌdaɪt]

n.

无烟火药

cordite

cordite
Cordite is an explosive substance used in guns and bombs.
N-UNCOUNT

cordless

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:dlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrdlɪs]

adj.

(电话或电动工具)不用电线与电源相连的;无电线的;无塞绳式的

cordless

cordless
A cordless telephone or piece of electric equipment is operated by a battery fitted inside it and is not connected to the electricity mains.

- The waitress approached Picone with a cordless phone.

- ...the cordless drill.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

cordon

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:dn]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrdn..]

vt.

封锁;用警戒线围住

n.

警戒线,警戒圈

cordon *

cordon cordons
A cordon is a line or ring of police, soldiers, or vehicles preventing people from entering or leaving an area.

- Police formed a cordon between the two crowds.

N-COUNT

cordon

noun

1.

chain

barrier

line

ring

verb

cordon off

2.

surround

close off

encircle

enclose

fence off

isolate

picket

separate

cordon off *

cordon off cordons off; cordoning off; cordoned off
If police or soldiers cordon off an area, they prevent people from entering or leaving it, usually by forming a line or ring.

- Police cordoned off part of the city centre.

- The police cordoned everything off.

PHR-V

cordon bleu

cordon bleu
Cordon bleu is used to describe cookery or cooks of the highest standard.

- I took a cordon bleu cookery course.

ADJ: ADJ n

corduroy

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:dəˌrɔɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrdəˌrɔɪ]

n.

灯芯绒

corduroy

1. corduroy
Corduroy is thick cotton cloth with parallel raised lines on the outside.

- ...a corduroy jacket.

N-UNCOUNT

2. corduroy corduroys
Corduroys are trousers made out of corduroy.
N-PLURAL

core

[D.J.:kɔ:]

[K.K.:kɔr, kor]

n.

果核

核心, 精髓, 要点

cored

装芯

coring

[ˈkɔ:riŋ]

n.

去除中心部分,地层中取出的圆形岩石样品

core ***

1. core cores
The core of a fruit is the central part of it. It contains seeds or pips.

- Someone threw an apple core.

- Peel the pears and remove the cores.

N-COUNT: oft n N

2. core cores coring cored
If you core a fruit, you remove its core.

- ...machines for peeling and coring apples.

VB

3. core cores
The core of an object, building, or city is the central part of it.

- ...the earth's core...

- The core of the city is a series of ancient squares.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= centre

4. core
The core of something such as a problem or an issue is the part of it that has to be understood or accepted before the whole thing can be understood or dealt with.

- ...the ability to get straight to the core of a problem...

- The notion that blacks comprise a problem is at the core of racist reasoning.

N-SING: the N, usu N of n
= heart

5. core
A core team or a core group is a group of people who do the main part of a job or piece of work. Other people may also help, but only for limited periods of time.

- We already have our core team in place.

- A core of about six staff would continue with the project.

N-SING: N n, N of n

6. core
In a school or college, core subjects are a group of subjects that have to be studied.

- The core subjects are English, mathematics and science.

- I'm not opposed to a core curriculum in principle, but I think requiring a foreign language is unrealistic.

- ...a core of nine academic subjects.

N-SING: usu N n

7. core
The core businesses or the core activities of a company or organization are their most important ones.

- The core activities of local authorities were reorganised.

- The group plans to concentrate on six core businesses.

- However, the main core of the company performed outstandingly.

N-SING: usu N n

8. core
You can use to the core to describe someone who is a very strong supporter of someone or something and will never change their views. For example, you can say that someone is Republican to the core .

- The villagers are royalist to the core.

PHR: adj/n PHR
= through and through

9. core
If someone is shaken to the core or shocked to the core , they are extremely shaken or shocked.

- Leonard was shaken to the core; he'd never seen or read anything like it.

PHR: usu -ed PHR

core

noun

centre

crux

essence

gist

heart

kernel

nub

nucleus

pith

co-religionist

co-religionist co-religionists
A person's co-religionists are people who have the same religion. (FORMAL)

- They will turn for help to their co-religionists in the Middle East.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft poss N (AM) usually coreligionist
= fellow-believers

corgi

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:ɡi]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrɡi]

n.

威尔士矮脚狗

corgi

corgi corgis
A corgi is a type of small dog with short legs and a pointed nose.
N-COUNT

coriander

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:ri:ˌændə, ˈkəʊr-, ˌkɔ:ri:ˈændə, ˌkəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈkɔriˌændɚ, ˈkor-, ˌkɔriˈændɚ, ˌkor-]

n.

<植>芫荽,香菜

coriander *

coriander
Coriander is a plant with seeds that are used as a spice and leaves that are used as a herb.
N-UNCOUNT

cork

[D.J.:kɔ:k]

[K.K.:kɔrk]

n.

软木

软木塞

vt.

用瓶塞塞住

corks

[kɔ:ks]

n.

脐梅衣

cork *

1. cork
Cork is a soft, light substance which forms the bark of a type of Mediterranean tree.

- ...cork floors.

- ...cork-soled clogs.

N-UNCOUNT

2. cork corks
A cork is a piece of cork or plastic that is pushed into the opening of a bottle to close it.
N-COUNT

corker

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:kə]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrkɚ]

n.

塞瓶的人(或器具),〈美俚〉非凡出众者

corker

corker corkers
If you say that someone or something is a corker , you mean that they are very good. (BRIT, INFORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED or JOURNALISM)

- Howard Wilkinson has come up with an absolute corker of an idea.

N-COUNT

corkscrew

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:kskru:]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrkˌskru]

n.

开塞钻,螺丝锥

adj.

拔钻形的,螺旋形的

v.

硬拉出,探听；作螺旋状前进

corkscrew

corkscrew corkscrews
A corkscrew is a device for pulling corks out of bottles.
N-COUNT

cormorant

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:mərənt]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrmərənt, -məˌrænt]

n.

鸬鹚,贪婪的人

adj.

贪婪的

cormorant

cormorant cormorants
A cormorant is a type of dark-coloured bird with a long neck. Cormorants usually live near the sea and eat fish.
N-COUNT

corn

[D.J.:kɔ:n]

[K.K.:kɔrn]

n.

〈英〉谷物; 谷粒

〈美〉玉蜀黍, 玉米

平庸、伤感或陈腐的音乐、诗歌、戏剧等

corn **

1. corn
Corn is used to refer to crops such as wheat and barley. It can also be used to refer to the seeds from these plants. The American word is grain .

- ...fields of corn...

- He filled the barn to the roof with corn.

N-UNCOUNT

2. corn
Corn is the same as maize.

- ...rows of corn in an Iowa field.

N-UNCOUNT

3. corn corns
Corns are small, painful areas of hard skin which can form on your foot, especially near your toes.
N-COUNT: usu pl

cornbread

cornbread
Cornbread is bread made from ground maize or corn. It is popular in the United States.
N-UNCOUNT also corn bread .

corn cob

corn cob corn cobs
Corn cobs are the long rounded parts of the maize or corn plant on which small yellow seeds grow, and which is eaten as a vegetable.
N-COUNT: usu pl also corncob .

cornea

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:ni:ə]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrniə]

n.

眼角膜

cornea

cornea corneas
The cornea is the transparent skin covering the outside of your eye.
N-COUNT

corneal

adj.

角膜的

corneal

corneal
Corneal means relating to the cornea.

- ...corneal scars.

ADJ: ADJ n

corned beef

corned beef
Corned beef is beef which has been cooked and preserved in salt water.
N-UNCOUNT

corner

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:nə]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrnɚ]

n.

角, 角落

遥远的地区

困境

vi.

驾车转弯

vt.

垄断, 囤积

逼入困境

cornered

[D.J.:ˈk ɔ:nəd]

[K.K.:ˈk ɔrnɚd]

adj.

有角的

被逼至绝路的

cornering

转弯;回转

corner ****

1. corner corners
A corner is a point or an area where two or more edges, sides, or surfaces of something join.

- He saw the corner of a magazine sticking out from under the blanket.

- Write `By Airmail' in the top left hand corner.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. corner corners
The corner of a room, box, or similar space is the area inside it where its edges or walls meet.

- ...a card table in the corner of the living room...

- The ball hurtled into the far corner of the net.

- Finally I spotted it, in a dark corner over by the piano.

N-COUNT

3. corner corners
The corner of your mouth or eye is the side of it.

- She flicked a crumb off the corner of her mouth.

- Out of the corner of her eye she saw that a car had stopped.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

4. corner corners
The corner of a street is the place where one of its sides ends as it joins another street.

- She would spend the day hanging round street corners.

- We can't have police officers on every corner.

- He waited until the man had turned a corner.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

5. corner corners
A corner is a bend in a road.

- ...a sharp corner...

- The road is a succession of hairpin bends, hills, and blind corners.

N-COUNT
= bend

6. corner corners
If you talk about the corners of the world, a country, or some other place, you are referring to places that are far away or difficult to get to. (WRITTEN)

- Buyers came from all corners of the world.

- The group has been living in a remote corner of the Cambodian jungle.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n

7. corner corners
In soccer, hockey, and some other sports, a corner is a free shot or kick taken from the corner of the pitch.
N-COUNT

8. corner corners cornering cornered
If you corner a person or animal, you force them into a place they cannot escape from.

- A police motor-cycle chased his car twelve miles, and cornered him near Rome.

- He was still sitting huddled like a cornered animal.

VB

9. corner corners cornering cornered
If you corner someone, you force them to speak to you when they have been trying to avoid you.

- Golan managed to corner the young producer-director for an interview.

VB

10. corner corners cornering cornered
If a company or place corners an area of trade, they gain control over it so that no one else can have any success in that area.

- This restaurant has cornered the Madrid market for specialist paellas.

- Zurich's affluence came initially from cornering a sizeable chunk of the 14th Century silk trade.

VB
= monopolize

11. corner corners cornering cornered
If a car, or the person driving it, corners in a particular way, the car goes round bends in roads in this way.

- Peter drove jerkily, cornering too fast and fumbling the gears.

VB

12. corner
If you say that something is around the corner , you mean that it will happen very soon. Also (BRIT) round the corner .

- The Chancellor of the Exchequer says that economic recovery is just around the corner.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
= imminent

13. corner
If you say that something is around the corner , you mean that it is very near. Also (BRIT) round the corner .

- My new place is just around the corner.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

14. corner
If you cut corners , you do something quickly by doing it in a less thorough way than you should.

- Take your time, don't cut corners and follow instructions to the letter.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

15. corner
You can use expressions such as the four corners of the world to refer to places that are a long way from each other. (WRITTEN)

- They've combed the four corners of the world for the best accessories.

- Young people came from the four corners of the nation.

PHR: PHR n

16. corner
If you are in a corner or in a tight corner , you are in a situation which is difficult to deal with and get out of.

- The government is in a corner on interest rates.

- He appears to have backed himself into a tight corner.

PHR: N inflects, v-link PHR, PHR after v
= tight spot

corner

noun

1.

angle

bend

crook

joint

2.

space

hideaway

hide-out

nook

retreat

verb

3.

trap

run to earth

corner the market

4.

monopolize

dominate

engross

hog slang

corner shop

corner shop corner shops
A corner shop is a small shop, usually on the corner of a street, that sells mainly food and household goods. (BRIT; in AM use corner store )
N-COUNT also corner-shop .

cornerstone

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:nəˌstəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrnɚˌston]

n.

奠基石

基础

cornerstone *

cornerstone cornerstones
The cornerstone of something is the basic part of it on which its existence, success, or truth depends. (FORMAL)

- Research is the cornerstone of the profession.

N-COUNT: oft N of n also corner-stone .
= keystone

corner store

corner store corner stores
A corner store is the same as a corner shop . (AM)
N-COUNT

cornet

[D.J.:kɔ:ˈnet]

[K.K.:kɔrˈnɛt]

n.

短号

(盛冰激凌的)圆锥形蛋卷

cornetist

n.

吹短号者

cornet-player

n.

吹短号者

cornet-player

n.

吹短号者

cornetist

[D.J.:kɔ:ˈnetist]

[K.K.:kɔrˈnɛtɪst]

n.

小铜喇叭吹奏者

cornet

1. cornet cornets
A cornet is a musical instrument that looks like a small trumpet.
N-VAR: oft the N

2. cornet cornets
An ice cream cornet is a soft thin biscuit shaped like a cone with ice cream in it. (BRIT)
N-COUNT
= cone

corn exchange

corn exchange corn exchanges
A corn exchange is a large building where, in former times, grain was bought and sold. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also Corn Exchange .

cornfield

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:nfi:ld]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrnˌfild]

n.

〈美〉玉米田,〈英〉小麦田

cornfield

cornfield cornfields
A cornfield is a field in which corn is being grown.
N-COUNT also corn field .

cornflake

n.

玉米片

cornflakes

n.

脆玉米片

cornflake

cornflake cornflakes
Cornflakes are small flat pieces of maize that are eaten with milk as a breakfast cereal. They are popular in Britain and the United States.
N-COUNT: usu pl

cornflour

cornflour
Cornflour is a fine white powder made from maize and is used to make sauces thicker. (BRIT; in AM use cornstarch )
N-UNCOUNT also corn flour .

cornflower

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:nflauə]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrnˌflaʊɚ]

n.

矢车菊

cornflower

cornflower cornflowers
Cornflowers are small plants with flowers that are usually blue.

- Her eyes were a bright, cornflower blue.

N-VAR

cornice

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:nis]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrnɪs]

n.

檐口

vt.

装檐口

cornice

cornice cornices
A cornice is a strip of plaster, wood, or stone which goes along the top of a wall or building.
N-COUNT

Cornish

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:niʃ]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrnɪʃ]

n.

(1800年前)康沃尔人说的凯尔特语,考尼什(雏)鸡

adj.

(英国)康沃尔郡的,康沃尔人的

Cornish *

1. Cornish
Cornish means belonging or relating to the English county of Cornwall.

- ...the rugged Cornish coast.

- ...Cornish fishermen.

ADJ

2. Cornish
The Cornish are the people of Cornwall.

- The Cornish are up in arms.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. Cornish
Cornish is a Celtic language that used to be spoken in Cornwall in Britain. There are no longer any native speakers of Cornish.
N-UNCOUNT

Cornish pasty

Cornish pasty Cornish pasties
A Cornish pasty is a small pie with meat and vegetables inside. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also cornish pasty .

cornmeal

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:nmi:l]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrnˌmil]

n.

〈美〉(粗磨)玉米粉,其他谷物磨的粉,〈苏格兰〉(燕)麦片

cornmeal

cornmeal
Cornmeal is a powder made from maize. It is used in cooking.
N-UNCOUNT also corn meal .

corn on the cob

corn on the cob corn on the cobs
Corn on the cob is the long rounded part of the maize or corn plant on which small yellow seeds grow, and which is eaten as a vegetable.
N-VAR also corn-on-the-cob .

cornstarch

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:nstɑ:tʃ]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrnˌstɑrtʃ]

n.

玉米淀粉

cornstarch

cornstarch
Cornstarch is the same as cornflour . (AM)
N-UNCOUNT also corn starch .

cornucopia

[D.J.:ˌkɔ:nəˈkəʊpi:ə, -njə-]

[K.K.:ˌkɔrnəˈkopiə, -njə-]

n.

丰饶角(象征丰饶的羊角,角内呈现满溢的鲜花、水果等)

cornucopia

cornucopia
A cornucopia of things is a large number of different things. (LITERARY)

- ...a cornucopia of fruits...

- The success of business has opened up a cornucopia of career options.

N-SING
= abundance

corny

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:ni:]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrni]

adj.

<非正>平淡的;过时的,陈旧的

corny

corny cornier corniest
If you describe something as corny , you mean that it is obvious or sentimental and not at all original.

- I know it sounds corny, but I'm really not motivated by money.

- ...corny jokes.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

corny

adjective Slang

unoriginal

hackneyed

old-fashioned

old hat

stale

stereotyped

trite

corollary

[D.J.:kəˈrɔləri]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrəlɛri, ˈkɑr-]

n.

必然的结果,系,推论

corollary

corollary corollaries
A corollary of something is an idea, argument, or fact that results directly from it. (FORMAL)

- The number of prisoners increased as a corollary of the government's determination to combat violent crime.

N-COUNT: oft with poss
= consequence

corona

[D.J.:kəˈrəʊnə]

[K.K.:kəˈronə]

n.

日冕,日华

corona

corona
The sun's corona is its outer atmosphere. (TECHNICAL)
N-SING

coronary

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:rəˌneri:, ˈkɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrəˌnɛri, ˈkɑr-]

adj.

冠状动脉的

coronary *

1. coronary
Coronary means belonging or relating to the heart. (MEDICAL)

- If all the coronary arteries are free of significant obstructions, all parts of the heart will receive equal amounts of oxygen.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. coronary coronaries
If someone has a coronary , they collapse because the flow of blood to their heart is blocked by a large lump of blood called a clot.
N-COUNT
= heart attack

coronary thrombosis

coronary thrombosis coronary thromboses
A coronary thrombosis is the same as a coronary . (MEDICAL)
N-VAR

coronation

[D.J.:ˌkɔ:rəˈneɪʃən, ˌkɔr-]

[K.K.:ˌkɔrəˈneʃən, ˌkɑr-]

n.

加冕礼

coronation *

coronation coronations
A coronation is the ceremony at which a king or queen is crowned.

- ...the coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.

N-COUNT

coroner

[D.J.:ˈkɔrənə]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrənɚ, ˈkɑr-]

n.

验尸官; 死因裁判官

coroner *

coroner coroners
A coroner is an official who is responsible for investigating the deaths of people who have died in a sudden, violent, or unusual way.

- The coroner recorded a verdict of accidental death.

N-COUNT

coronet

[D.J.:ˈkɔrənit]

[K.K.:ˌkɔrəˈnɛt, ˌkɑr-]

n.

宝冠,小冠冕

coronet

coronet coronets
A coronet is a small crown.
N-COUNT

Corp

n.

公司

Corp. ****

Corp.
Corp. is a written abbreviation for corporation .

- ...Sony Corp. of Japan.

corpora

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:pərə]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrpərə]

n.

全集,任何事物的主体

corpus

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:pəs]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrpəs]

n.

(书面的, 有时为口语的)资料, 文集, 汇编

corpora

corpora
Corpora is a plural of corpus .

corpus *

corpus corpora or corpuses
A corpus is a large collection of written or spoken texts that is used for language research. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT: usu with supp

corporal

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:pərəl]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrpərəl, ˈkɔrprəl]

adj.

人体的

corporal *

corporal
A corporal is a non-commissioned officer in the army or United States Marines.

- The corporal shouted an order at the men.

- ...Corporal Devereux.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

corporal punishment

corporal punishment
Corporal punishment is the punishment of people by hitting them.
N-UNCOUNT

corporate

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:pərit]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrpərɪt, ˈkɔrprɪt]

adj.

社团的, 法人的

corporate ***

corporate
Corporate means relating to business corporations or to a particular business corporation.

- ...top US corporate executives.

- ...the UK corporate sector.

- ...a corporate lawyer...

- This established a strong corporate image.

ADJ: ADJ n

corporate raider

corporate raider corporate raiders
A corporate raider is a person or organization that tries to take control of a company by buying a large number of its shares.
N-COUNT

corporation

[ˌkɔ:pəˈreiʃən]

n.

公司

corporation ***

1. corporation corporations
A corporation is a large business or company.

- ...multi-national corporations.

- ...the Seiko Corporation.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

2. corporation corporations
In some large British cities, the corporation is the local authority that is responsible for providing public services.

- ...the corporation's task of regenerating 900 acres of the inner city.

N-COUNT
= local authority

corporation

noun

1.

business

association

corporate body

society

2.

town council

civic authorities

council

municipal authorities

3.

paunch

beer belly informal

middle-age spread informal

potbelly

spare tyre Brit. slang

spread informal

corporation tax

corporation tax
Corporation tax is a tax that companies have to pay on the profits they make.
N-UNCOUNT

corporatism

[ˈkɔ:pərətizəm]

n.

组合主义,社团主义(各种把整个社会纳入极权国家指挥下的各种组合的理论与实践)

corporatism

corporatism
Corporatism is the organization and control of a country by groups who share a common interest or profession.

- `The age of corporatism must be put firmly behind us,' he proclaimed.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

corporatist

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:pərətist]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrpərəˌtɪst, ˈkɔrprəˌtɪst]

n.

组合主义者,社团主义者

corporatist

1. corporatist
You use corporatist to describe organizations, ideas, or systems which follow the principles of corporatism.

- ... a corporatist political system...

- They did show decidedly corporatist tendencies.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

2. corporatist corporatists
A corporatist is someone who believes in the principles of corporatism.

- The defeat of the corporatists is easy to understand.

N-COUNT disapproval

corporeal

[D.J.:kɔ:ˈpɔ:riəl]

[K.K.:kɔrˈpɔriəl, -ˈpor-]

adj.

肉体的, 身体的, 物质的

corporeal

corporeal
Corporeal means involving or relating to the physical world rather than the spiritual world. (FORMAL)

- ...man's corporeal existence.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= physical

corps

[D.J.:kɔ:]

[K.K.:kɔr, kor]

n.

军团, 特种部队

一组

corps **

1. corps
A corps is a part of the army which has special duties.

- ...the Army Medical Corps.

- ...the Russian Officer Corps.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n corps is both the singular and the plural form

2. corps
The Corps is the United States Marine Corps. (AM)

- ...seventy-five men, all combat veterans, all members of The Corps' most exclusive unit.

N-COUNT: the N corps is both the singular and the plural form
= Marines

3. corps
A corps is a small group of people who do a special job.

- ...the diplomatic corps.

- ...the foreign press corps.

N-COUNT: supp N corps is both the singular and the plural form

corps

noun Informal

team

band

company

detachment

division

regiment

squadron

troop

unit

corps de ballet

corps de ballet
In ballet, the corps de ballet is the group of dancers who dance together, in contrast to the main dancers, who dance by themselves.
N-SING

corpse

[D.J.:kɔ:ps]

[K.K.:kɔrps]

n.

死尸, 尸体

corpse **

corpse corpses
A corpse is a dead body, especially the body of a human being.
N-COUNT
= body

corpse

noun

body

cadaver

carcass

remains

stiff slang

corpulent

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:pjələnt]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrpjələnt]

adj.

(指人或人的身体)肥胖的

corpulent

corpulent
If you describe someone as corpulent , you mean they are fat. (LITERARY)

- ...a rather corpulent farmer.

ADJ-GRADED

corpuscle

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:pəsəl, -ˌpʌsəl]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrpəsəl, -ˌpʌsəl]

n.

细胞,血球,小体

corpuscular

adj.

corpuscular

[kɔ:ˈpʌskjulə]

adj.

血球的,微粒子的

corpuscle

corpuscle corpuscles
Corpuscles are red or white blood cells.

- Deficiency of red corpuscles is caused by a lack of iron.

N-COUNT: usu pl

corral

[D.J.:kəˈræl]

[K.K.:kəˈræl]

n.

畜栏

vt.

把…赶入畜栏

corral

corral corrals
In North America, a corral is a space surrounded by a fence where cattle or horses are kept.
N-COUNT

correct

[D.J.:kəˈrekt]

[K.K.:kəˈrɛkt]

adj.

正确的, 对的

合适的, 符合的

vt.

改正, 纠正

corrected

[kəˈrektid]

adj.

折算的,修正的,校正的

correction

[D.J.:kəˈrekʃən]

[K.K.:kəˈrɛkʃən]

n.

改〔纠〕正

修改;纠正

under correction

有待改正

correctional

adj.

改正的,纠正的

correctional

adj.

改正的,矫正的,修正的

correctly

[D.J.:kəˈrektlɪ]

[K.K.:kəˈr ɛktlɪ]

adv.

正确地;得体地

correctness

正确性

correct ****

1. correct
If something is correct , it is in accordance with the facts and has no mistakes. (FORMAL)

- The correct answers can be found at the bottom of page 8.

- The following information was correct at time of going to press.

- Doctors examine their patients thoroughly in order to make a correct diagnosis.

ADJ
= right ≠ incorrect

2. correctly

- Did I pronounce your name correctly?.

- You have to correctly answer each question.

ADV: ADV with v

3. correctness

- Ask the investor to check the correctness of what he has written.

N-UNCOUNT
= accuracy

4. correct
If someone is correct , what they have said or thought is true. (FORMAL)

- You are absolutely correct. The leaves are from a bay tree.

- If Casey is correct, the total cost of the cleanup would come to $110 billion.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
= right ≠ wrong

5. correct
The correct thing or method is the thing or method that is required or is most suitable in a particular situation.

- The use of the correct materials was crucial.

- White was in no doubt the referee made the correct decision.

- ...the correct way to produce a crop of tomato plants.

ADJ: ADJ n
= right

6. correctly

- If correctly executed, this shot will give them a better chance of getting the ball close to the hole.

ADV: ADV with v
= properly

7. correct
If you say that someone is correct in doing something, you approve of their action.

- You are perfectly correct in trying to steer your mother towards increased independence.

- I think the president was correct to reject the offer.

ADJ: usu ADJ in -ing/n
= right

8. correctly

- When an accident happens, quite correctly questions are asked.

ADV: ADV with cl

9. correct corrects correcting corrected
If you correct a problem, mistake, or fault, you do something which puts it right.

- He may need surgery to correct the problem.

- He has criticised the government for inefficiency and delays in correcting past mistakes.

VB
= rectify

10. correction corrections

- ...legislation to require the correction of factual errors...

- We will then make the necessary corrections.

N-VAR
= amendment

11. correct corrects correcting corrected
If you correct someone, you say something which you think is more accurate or appropriate than what they have just said.

- `Actually, that isn't what happened,' George corrects me.

- I must correct him on a minor point.

VB

12. correct corrects correcting corrected
When someone corrects a piece of writing, they look at it and mark the mistakes in it.

- It took an extraordinary effort to focus on preparing his classes or correcting his students' work.

VB

13. correct
If a person or their behaviour is correct , their behaviour is in accordance with social or other rules.

- I think English men are very polite and very correct.

- We were rather surprised by their sporting and correct behaviour.

ADJ-GRADED
= proper

14. correctly

- The High Court of Parliament began very correctly with a prayer for the Queen.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

15. correctness

- ...his stiff-legged gait and formal correctness.

N-UNCOUNT

16. correct
You say ` correct me if I'm wrong ' to indicate that you are not entirely sure that what you are about to say is true. (SPOKEN)

- As I recall, but correct me if I'm wrong, it was in a car park in Carmarthen.

CONVENTION vagueness

correction **

1. correction corrections
Corrections are marks or comments made on a piece of work, especially school work, which indicate where there are mistakes and what are the right answers.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. correction
Correction is the punishment of criminals. (mainly AM)

- ...jails and other parts of the correction system.

- ...the Department of Correction.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

correct

adjective

1.

true

accurate

exact

faultless

flawless

O.K. or okay informal

precise

right

2.

proper

acceptable

appropriate

fitting

kosher informal

O.K. or okay informal

seemly

standard

verb

3.

rectify

adjust

amend

cure

emend

redress

reform

remedy

right

4.

punish

admonish

chasten

chastise

chide

discipline

rebuke

reprimand

reprove

correction

noun

1.

rectification

adjustment

alteration

amendment

emendation

improvement

modification

2.

punishment

admonition

castigation

chastisement

discipline

reformation

reproof

correctly

adverb

rightly

accurately

perfectly

precisely

properly

right

correctness

noun

1.

truth

accuracy

exactitude

exactness

faultlessness

fidelity

preciseness

precision

regularity

2.

decorum

civility

good breeding

propriety

seemliness

correctional

correctional
Correctional means related to prisons. (mainly AM)

- He is currently being held in a metropolitan correctional center.

- ...a jail correctional officer.

ADJ: ADJ n

corrective

[D.J.:kəˈrektɪv]

[K.K.:kəˈrɛktɪv]

adj.

有改正作用的;矫正的

n.

纠正错误看法之物

correctively

adv.

矫正地

correctives

矫味药

corrective *

1. corrective
Corrective measures or techniques are intended to put right something that is wrong.

- Scientific institutions have been reluctant to take corrective action.

- He has received extensive corrective surgery to his skull.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= remedial

2. corrective correctives
If something is a corrective to a particular view or account, it gives a more accurate or fairer picture than there would have been without it. (FORMAL)

- ...a useful corrective to the mistaken view that all psychologists are behaviourists.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

correlate

[D.J.:ˈkɔrileit]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrəˌlet, ˈkɑr-]

vt. & vi.

有相关性

correlated

adj.

有相互关系的

correlate *

1. correlate correlates correlating correlated
If one thing correlates with another, there is a close similarity or connection between them, often because one thing causes the other. You can also say that two things correlate . (FORMAL)

- Obesity correlates with increased risk for hypertension and stroke.

- The political opinions of spouses correlate more closely than their heights.

- The loss of respect for British science is correlated to reduced funding.

- At the highest executive levels earnings and performance aren't always correlated.

V-RECIP-ERG

2. correlate correlates correlating correlated
If you correlate things, you work out the way in which they are connected or the way they influence each other. (FORMAL)

- Attempts to correlate specific language functions with particular parts of the brain have not advanced very far.

- Lieutenant Ryan closed his eyes, first mentally viewing the different crime scenes, then correlating the data.

VB

correlation

[D.J.:ˌkɔ:rəˈleɪʃən, ˌkɔr-]

[K.K.:ˌkɔrəˈleʃən, ˌkɑr-]

n.

相互的关系

correlation *

correlation correlations
A correlation between things is a connection or link between them. (FORMAL)

- ...the correlation between smoking and disease.

N-COUNT: oft N between pl-n

correlative

[D.J.:kəˈrelətiv]

[K.K.:kəˈrɛlətɪv]

adj.

相关的,关联的

correlative

correlative correlatives
If one thing is a correlative of another, the first thing is caused by the second thing, or occurs together with it. (FORMAL)

- Man has rights only in so far as they are a correlative of duty.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

correspond

[D.J.:ˌkɔrisˈpɔnd]

[K.K.:ˌkɔrɪˈspɑnd, ˌkɑr-]

vi.

相符合, 相一致

相当, 相类似

通信

corresponding

[D.J.:ˌkɔrisˈpɔndiŋ]

[K.K.:ˌkɔrɪˈspɑndɪŋ, ˌkɑr-]

adj.

相当的, 对应的

符合的, 一致的

correspond **

1. correspond corresponds corresponding corresponded
If one thing corresponds to another, there is a close similarity or connection between them. You can also say that two things correspond .

- Racegoers will be given a number which will correspond to a horse running in a race.

- A 22 per cent increase in car travel corresponds with a 19 per cent drop in cycle mileage per person.

- The two maps of London correspond closely.

- Her expression is concerned but her body-language does not correspond.

V-RECIP

2. corresponding

- March and April sales this year were up 8 per cent on the corresponding period in 1992.

- ...the inexorable rise in Britain's fortunes and the corresponding decline of France as an international power.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. correspond corresponds corresponding corresponded
If you correspond with someone, you write letters to them. You can also say that two people correspond .

- She still corresponds with American friends she met in Majorca nine years ago.

- We corresponded regularly.

V-RECIP

correspond

verb

1.

be consistent

accord

agree

conform

fit

harmonize

match

square

tally

2.

communicate

exchange letters

keep in touch

write

corresponding

adjective

related

analogous

answering

complementary

equivalent

matching

reciprocal

similar

correspondence

[D.J.:ˌkɔrisˈpɔndəns]

[K.K.:ˌkɔrɪˈspɑndəns, ˌkɑr-]

n.

信件, 函件

通信, 通信联系

一致, 相似

correspondence **

1. correspondence
Correspondence is the act of writing letters to someone.

- The judges' decision is final and no correspondence will be entered into.

- His interest in writing came from a long correspondence with a close college friend.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft N with n

2. correspondence
Someone's correspondence is the letters that they receive or send.

- He always replied to his correspondence.

- She virtually never mentions him in her correspondence or notebooks.

N-UNCOUNT

3. correspondence correspondences
If there is a correspondence between two things, there is a close similarity or connection between them.

- In African languages there is a close correspondence between sounds and letters.

- ...correspondences between Eastern religions and Christianity.

N-COUNT: oft N between pl-n

correspondence

noun

1.

letters

communication

mail

post

writing

2.

relation

agreement

coincidence

comparison

conformity

correlation

harmony

match

similarity

correspondence course

correspondence course correspondence courses
A correspondence course is a course in which you study at home, receiving your work by post and sending it back by post.

- I took a correspondence course in computing.

N-COUNT

correspondent

[D.J.:ˌkɔrisˈpɔndənt]

[K.K.:ˌkɔrɪˈspɑndənt, ˌkɑr-]

n.

通讯员, 记者

通信者

correspondent ****

correspondent correspondents
A correspondent is a newspaper or television journalist, especially one who specializes in a particular type of news.

- As our Diplomatic Correspondent Mark Brayne reports, the president was given a sympathetic hearing.

N-COUNT
= reporter

correspondent

noun

1.

letter writer

pen friend or pal

2.

reporter

contributor

journalist

correspondingly

adv.

相对地,比照地

correspondingly

correspondingly
You use correspondingly when describing a situation which is closely connected with one you have just mentioned or is similar to it.

- As his political stature has shrunk, he has grown correspondingly more dependent on the army.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj/adv

corridor

[D.J.:ˈkɔridɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrɪdɚ, -ˌdɔr, ˈkɑr-]

n.

走廊, 通道

corridor **

1. corridor corridors
A corridor is a long passage in a building or train, with doors and rooms on one or both sides.
N-COUNT

2. corridor corridors
A corridor is a strip of land that connects one country to another or gives it a route to the sea through another country.

- East Prussia and the rest of Germany were separated, in 1919, by the Polish corridor.

N-COUNT

corridor

noun

passage

aisle

alley

hallway

passageway

corroborate

[D.J.:kəˈrɔbəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:kəˈrɑbəˌret]

vt.

证实,支持(某种说法、信仰、理论等)

corroborator

n.

确证者;确证物

corroboration

[D.J.:kəˌrɔbəˈreɪʃɵn]

n.

进一步的证实;进一步的证据

corroborator

n.

确证者

corroborate *

1. corroborate corroborates corroborating corroborated
To corroborate something that has been said or reported means to provide evidence or information that supports it. (FORMAL)

- I had access to a wide range of documents which corroborated the story.

- Alice corroborated what Blair had said.

VB
= confirm

2. corroboration

- He could not get a single witness to establish independent corroboration of his version of the accident.

N-UNCOUNT
= confirmation

corroborate

verb

support

authenticate

back up

bear out

confirm

endorse

ratify

substantiate

validate

corroborative

[D.J.:kəˈrɔbɵrətɪv]

[K.K.:kəˈrɑbəˌretɪv]

adj.

确证(性)的;确凿的

corroborative

corroborative
Corroborative evidence or information supports an idea, account, or argument. (FORMAL)

- The police did not have enough corroborative evidence for a probable conviction.

ADJ: ADJ n

corrode

[D.J.:kəˈrəud]

[K.K.:kəˈrod]

vt. & vi.

使腐蚀; 侵蚀

corrode

1. corrode corrodes corroding corroded
If metal or stone corrodes , or is corroded , it is gradually destroyed by a chemical or by rust.

- He has devised a process for making gold wires which neither corrode nor oxidise.

- Engineers found the structure had been corroded by moisture.

- Acid rain destroys trees and corrodes buildings.

V-ERG

2. corroded

- The investigators found that the underground pipes were badly corroded.

ADJ-GRADED

3. corrode corrodes corroding corroded
To corrode something means to gradually make it worse or weaker. (LITERARY)

- Suffering was easier to bear than the bitterness he felt corroding his spirit.

- He warns that corruption is corroding Russia.

VB
= corrupt

corrode

verb

eat away

consume

corrupt

erode

gnaw

oxidize

rust

wear away

corrosion

[D.J.:kəˈrəʊʒən]

[K.K.:kəˈroʒən]

n.

腐蚀;受腐蚀的部位

corrosion *

corrosion
Corrosion is the damage that is caused when something is corroded.

- Zinc is used to protect other metals from corrosion.

N-UNCOUNT

corrosive

[D.J.:kəˈrəʊsɪv, -zɪv]

[K.K.:kəˈrosɪv, -zɪv]

adj.

腐蚀性的;侵蚀性的

(对社会、个人情感等)有害的, 逐步起损害作用的

(语言)激烈的, 刻薄的

corrosive

1. corrosive
A corrosive substance is able to destroy solid materials by a chemical reaction.

- Sodium and sulphur are highly corrosive.

ADJ-GRADED

2. corrosive
If you say that something has a corrosive effect, you mean that it gradually causes serious harm. (FORMAL)

- ...the corrosive effects of inflation.

ADJ-GRADED
= damaging

corrosive

adjective

corroding

caustic

consuming

erosive

virulent

vitriolic

wasting

wearing

corrugated

[ˈkɔruɡeitid]

adj.

起皱褶的; 起皱纹的; 起波纹的

corrugated *

corrugated
Corrugated metal or cardboard has been folded into a series of small parallel folds to make it stronger.

- ...a hut with a corrugated iron roof.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

corrupt

[D.J.:kəˈrʌpt]

[K.K.:kəˈrʌpt]

adj.

堕落的, 腐败的, 贪赃舞弊的

不道德的

vt. & vi.

(使)败坏, (使)腐化

corruptly

adv.

腐败(堕落)地,可被收买的

corrupt **

1. corrupt
Someone who is corrupt behaves in a way that is morally wrong, especially by doing dishonest or illegal things in return for money or power.

- ...to save the nation from corrupt politicians of both parties.

- ...corrupt police officers...

- He had accused three opposition members of corrupt practices.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ fair honest just

2. corruptly

- ...several government officials charged with acting corruptly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. corrupt corrupts corrupting corrupted
If someone is corrupted by something, it causes them to become dishonest and unjust and unable to be trusted.

- It is sad to see a man so corrupted by the desire for money and power.

VB: usu passive

4. corrupt corrupts corrupting corrupted
To corrupt someone means to cause them to stop caring about moral standards.

- ...warning that television will corrupt us all...

- Cruelty depraves and corrupts.

VB

5. corrupt corrupts corrupting corrupted
If something is corrupted , it becomes damaged or spoiled in some way.

- Some of the finer type-faces are corrupted by cheap, popular computer printers.

- They can ensure that traditional cuisines are not totally corrupted by commercial practices.

- ...corrupted data.

VB: usu passive

corrupt

adjective

1.

dishonest

bent slang

bribable

crooked informal

fraudulent

unprincipled

unscrupulous

venal

2.

depraved

debased

degenerate

dissolute

profligate

vicious

3.

distorted

altered

doctored

falsified

verb

4.

bribe

buy off

entice

fix informal

grease (someone's) palm slang

lure

suborn

5.

deprave

debauch

pervert

subvert

6.

distort

doctor

tamper with

corruption

[D.J.:kəˈrʌpʃən]

[K.K.:kəˈrʌpʃən]

n.

堕落;腐化;腐败;贿赂

腐烂

corruption ***

1. corruption
Corruption is dishonesty and illegal behaviour by people in positions of authority or power.

- The President faces 54 charges of corruption and tax evasion.

- Distribution of food throughout the country is being hampered by inefficiency and corruption.

- ...bribery and corruption.

N-UNCOUNT

2. corruption corruptions
In linguistics, a corruption is a word that is derived from an earlier word, but which has become changed in some way. (TECHNICAL)

- `Morris' is an English corruption of `Moorish', meaning North African.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

corruption

noun

1.

dishonesty

bribery

extortion

fraud

shady dealings informal

unscrupulousness

venality

2.

depravity

decadence

evil

immorality

perversion

vice

wickedness

3.

distortion

doctoring

falsification

corsage

[D.J.:kɔ:ˈsɑ:ʒ]

[K.K.:kɔrˈsɑʒ, -ˈsɑdʒ]

n.

女服的胸部或腰部,胸衣,〈美〉装饰女服上身或肩部的小花束

corsage

corsage corsages
A corsage is a very small bunch of flowers that is fastened to a woman's dress below the shoulder.
N-COUNT

corset

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:sit]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrsɪt]

n.

(妇女为衬托身体的)紧身胸衣

corset

corset corsets
A corset is a stiff piece of underwear worn by some women, especially in the past. It fits tightly around their hips and waist and makes them thinner around the waist when they wear it.
N-COUNT

corset

noun

girdle

belt

bodice

corseted

带有胸衣的,穿着胸衣的

corseted

corseted
A woman who is corseted is wearing a corset.
ADJ

cortege

[D.J.:kɔ:ˈteiʒ]

[K.K.:kɔrˈtɛʒ]

n.

行列,随从

cortege

cortege corteges
A cortege is a procession of people who are walking or riding in cars to a funeral.
N-COUNT-COLL also cortège .

cortex

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:ˌteks]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrˌtɛks]

n.

<解>(脑或其他器官的)皮层

植物的表皮

cortices

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:tisi:z]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrtɪˌsiz]

n.

树皮,皮质

cortex *

cortex cortices
The cortex of the brain or of another organ is its outer layer. (MEDICAL)

- ...the cerebral cortex.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft the N

cortisone

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:tɪˌsəʊn, -ˌzəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrtɪˌson, -ˌzon]

n.

可的松(用于治疗感染或过敏的激素药物)

cortisone

cortisone
Cortisone is a hormone used in the treatment of arthritis, allergies, and some skin diseases.
N-UNCOUNT

coruscating

coruscating
A coruscating speech or performance is lively, intelligent, and impressive. (LITERARY)

- ...an unstoppable flow of coruscating humour.

ADJ: usu ADJ n approval
= dazzling brilliant

corvette

[D.J.:kɔ:ˈvet]

[K.K.:kɔrˈvɛt]

n.

轻巡洋舰

corvette

corvette corvettes
A corvette is a small fast warship that is used to protect other ships from attack.
N-COUNT

'cos ****

'cos
'Cos is an informal way of saying because . (BRIT; in AM use 'cause )

- It was absolutely horrible going up the hills 'cos they were really, really steep.

CONJ-SUBORD also cos .
= cause

cosh

[D.J.:kɔʃ]

[K.K.:kɑʃ]

n.

短棒,护身用的手杖

v.

以短棒攻击

cosh

1. cosh coshes
A cosh is a heavy piece of rubber or metal which is used as a weapon. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. cosh coshes coshing coshed
To cosh someone means to hit them hard on the head with a cosh or a similar weapon. (BRIT)

- When the couple said they did not have a safe the masked men punched Tom and coshed Helen.

VB

cosmetic

[D.J.:kɔzˈmetik]

[K.K.:kɑzˈmɛtɪk]

n.

化妆品

adj.

化妆用的; 美容的

装点门面的

cosmetic **

1. cosmetic cosmetics
Cosmetics are substances such as lipstick or powder, which people put on their face to make themselves look more attractive.
N-COUNT: usu pl
= make-up

2. cosmetic
If you describe measures or changes as cosmetic , you mean they improve the appearance of a situation or thing but do not change its basic nature, and you are usually implying that they are inadequate.

- It is a cosmetic measure which will do nothing to help the situation long term.

- In general, the students view these changes as merely cosmetic.

ADJ disapproval
= superficial

cosmetic

adjective

beautifying

nonessential

superficial

surface

cosmetic surgery

cosmetic surgery
Cosmetic surgery is surgery done to make a person look more attractive.
N-UNCOUNT

cosmic

[D.J.:ˈkɔzmik]

[K.K.:ˈkɑzmɪk]

adj.

宇宙的

cosmic *

1. cosmic
Cosmic means occurring in, or coming from, the part of space that lies outside Earth and its atmosphere.

- ...cosmic radiation.

- ...cosmic debris.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. cosmic
Cosmic means belonging or relating to the universe.

- ...the cosmic laws governing our world.

- ...humanity's place in the cosmic order of things.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

cosmic

adjective

universal

stellar

cosmic rays

cosmic rays
Cosmic rays are rays that reach earth from outer space and consist of atomic nuclei.
N-PLURAL

cosmological

[ˌkɔzməˈlɔdʒikəl]

adj.

宇宙哲学的,宇宙论的

cosmologist

[kɔzˈmɔlədʒist]

n.

宇宙学家,宇宙论者

cosmology

[D.J.:kɔzˈmɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:kɑzˈmɑlədʒi]

n.

宇宙学

cosmology

1. cosmology cosmologies
A cosmology is a theory about the origin and nature of the universe.

- ...the ideas implicit in Big Bang cosmology.

N-VAR

2. cosmology
Cosmology is the study of the origin and nature of the universe.
N-UNCOUNT

3. cosmologist cosmologists

- ...astronomers and cosmologists.

N-COUNT

4. cosmological

- ...cosmological sciences.

- ...John Outram, the cosmological theorist.

ADJ: ADJ n

cosmonaut

[D.J.:ˈkɔzməˌnɔ:t]

[K.K.:ˈkɑzməˌnɔt]

n.

俄国宇航员

cosmonaut

cosmonaut cosmonauts
A cosmonaut is an astronaut from the former Soviet Union.
N-COUNT

cosmopolitan

[D.J.:ˌkɔzməˈpɔlitən]

[K.K.:ˌkɑzməˈpɑlɪtn]

adj.

世界性的

cosmopolitan *

1. cosmopolitan
A cosmopolitan place or society is full of people from many different countries and cultures.

- London has always been a cosmopolitan city.

ADJ-GRADED approval
≠ insular

2. cosmopolitan
Someone who is cosmopolitan has had a lot of contact with people and things from many different countries and as a result is very open to different ideas and ways of doing things.

- The family are rich, and extremely sophisticated and cosmopolitan.

ADJ-GRADED approval
≠ insular

cosmopolitan

adjective

1.

sophisticated

broad-minded

catholic

open-minded

universal

urbane

well-travelled

worldly-wise

noun

2.

man or woman of the world

jet-setter

sophisticate

cosmos

[D.J.:ˈkɔzməs, -ˌmɔs, -ˌməʊs]

[K.K.:ˈkɑzməs, -ˌmɑs, -ˌmos]

n.

宇宙

cosmos *

cosmos
The cosmos is the universe. (LITERARY)

- ...the natural laws of the cosmos.

N-SING: the N
= universe

cosset

[D.J.:ˈkɔsɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkɑsɪt]

vt.

宠爱;娇养;纵容

cosset

1. cosset cossets cosseting cosseted
If someone is cosseted , everything possible is done for them and they are protected from anything unpleasant.

- Our kind of travel is definitely not suitable for people who expect to be cosseted.

VB: usu passive The forms cossetting and cossetted are also used.
= pamper

2. cosseted

- I don't want to be treated like a cosseted movie queen.

ADJ-GRADED

cost

[D.J.:kɔst]

[K.K.:kɔst]

n.

价格, 成本, 费用

代价, 损失

vi.

价钱为; 花费

vt.

付出(代价), 失去

估价

costing

[D.J.:ˈkɔstɪŋ]

n.

成本计算

costs

[D.J.:kɔsts]

n.

讼费；诉讼费用

at all costs

不惜任何代价

cost *****

1. cost costs
The cost of something is the amount of money that is needed in order to buy, do, or make it.

- The cost of a loaf of bread has increased five-fold.

- In 1989 the price of coffee fell so low that in many countries it did not even cover the cost of production.

- Badges are also available at a cost of £2.50.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

2. cost costs costing
If something costs a particular amount of money, you can buy, do, or make it for that amount.

- This course is limited to 12 people and costs £50.

- Painted walls look much more interesting and doesn't cost much.

- It's going to cost me over $100,000 to buy new trucks.

VB The form cost is used in the present tense, and is also the past tense and participle

3. cost costs
Your costs are the total amount of money that you must spend on running your home or business.

- Costs have been cut by 30 to 50 per cent.

- The company admits its costs are still too high.

N-PLURAL
= expenses

4. cost costs costing costed
When something that you plan to do or make is costed , the amount of money you need is calculated in advance.

- Everything that goes into making a programme, staff, rent, lighting, is now costed.

- ...seventy apartments, shops, offices, a restaurant and hotel, costed at around 10 million pounds.

VB: usu passive

5. cost out costs out; costing out
Cost out means the same as cost .

- ...training days for charity staff on how to draw up contracts and cost out proposals...

- It is always worth having a loft conversion costed out.

PHR-V The form cost is used in the present tense, and is also the past tense and participle, except for meaning 4, where the form costed is used

6. cost costs
If someone is ordered by a court of law to pay costs , they have to pay a sum of money towards the expenses of a court case they are involved in.

- He was jailed for 18 months and ordered to pay £550 costs.

N-PLURAL

7. cost
If something is sold at cost , it is sold for the same price as it cost the seller to buy it.

- ...a store that provided cigarettes and candy bars at cost.

- ...a practice known as dumping -- that is, selling below cost to drive competition out of business.

N-UNCOUNT: prep N
= cost price

8. cost
The cost of something is the loss, damage, or injury that is involved in trying to achieve it.

- In March Mr Salinas shut down the city's oil refinery at a cost of $500 million and 5,000 jobs.

- ...being so afraid of something that you feel you have to avoid it whatever the cost to your lifestyle.

N-SING: oft N of n

9. cost costs costing
If an event or mistake costs you something, you lose that thing as the result of it.

- ...a six-year-old boy whose life was saved by an operation that cost him his sight...

- The increase will hurt small business and cost many thousands of jobs.

VB The form cost is used in the present tense, and is also the past tense and participle

10. cost
If you say that something must be avoided at all costs , you are emphasizing that it must not be allowed to happen under any circumstances.

- They told EC president Jacques Delors a disastrous world trade war must be avoided at all costs.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

11. cost
If you say that something must be done at any cost , you are emphasizing that it must be done, even if this requires a lot of effort or money.

- This book is of such importance that it must be published at any cost.

- He ordered the army to recapture the camp at any cost.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

12. cost
If someone counts the cost of something that has happened or will happen, they consider how the consequences of that action or event affect them.

- Several countries in eastern Europe are counting the cost of yesterday's earthquake.

- Many people act on impulse without counting the cost.

PHR: V inflects

13. cost
If you say that something costs money , you mean that it has to be paid for, and perhaps cannot be afforded.

- Well-designed clothes cost money.

PHR: V inflects

14. cost
If you know something to your cost , you know it because of an unpleasant experience that you have had.

- Kathryn knows to her cost the effect of having served a jail sentence.

- There are very few people he can talk to in total confidence, as he has discovered to his cost.

PHR: PHR after v

costing **

costing costings
A costing is an estimate of all the costs involved in a project or a business venture. (mainly BRIT; in AM use costs )

- We'll put together a proposal, including detailed costings, free of charge.

N-VAR
= estimate

cost

noun

1.

price

amount

charge

damage informal

expense

outlay

payment

worth

2.

loss

damage

detriment

expense

harm

hurt

injury

penalty

sacrifice

suffering

verb

3.

sell at

come to

command a price of

set (someone) back informal

4.

lose

do disservice to

harm

hurt

injure

costs

plural noun

expenses

budget

outgoings

overheads

cost accounting

cost accounting
Cost accounting is the recording and analysis of all the various costs of running a business.
N-UNCOUNT

co-star

[D.J.:ˈkəʊstɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈkostɑr]

n.

(与其他明星)联衔合演明星；联合主演者

vt.

(指电影等)由(某明星)与其他明星联合主演

vi.

(与某人)联合主演，合演

co-star *

1. co-star
An actor's or actress's co-stars are the other actors or actresses who also have one of the main parts in a particular film.

- During the filming, Curtis fell in love with his co-star, Christine Kaufmann.

N-COUNT: usu poss N (AM) also costar

2. co-star co-stars co-starring co-starred
If an actor or actress co-stars with another actor or actress, the two of them have the main parts in a particular film.

- This fall she co-stars in a film with the acclaimed British actor Kenneth Branagh.

- Wright and Penn met when they co-starred in the movie State Of Grace.

- Cosby had originally selected her to co-star in his movie `Leonard Part 6'.

V-RECIP (AM) also costar

3. co-star co-stars co-starring co-starred
If a film co-stars particular actors, they have the main parts in it.

- Produced by Oliver Stone, `Wild Palms' co-stars Dana Delaney, Jim Belushi and Angie Dickinson.

VB (AM) also costar

cost-effective

[D.J.:ˌkɔ:stɪˈfektɪv]

[K.K.:ˌkɔstɪˈfɛktɪv]

adj.

有成本效益的,划算的

cost-effectiveness

成本效用

cost-effective *

1. cost-effective
Something that is cost-effective saves or makes a lot of money in comparison with the costs involved.

- The bank must be run in a cost-effective way.

ADJ-GRADED
= economical

2. cost-effectively

- The management tries to produce the magazine as cost-effectively as possible.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. cost-effectiveness

- A Home Office report has raised doubts about the cost-effectiveness of the proposals.

N-UNCOUNT

costly

[D.J.:ˈkɔstli]

[K.K.:ˈkɔstli]

adj.

昂贵的, 代价高的

costly **

1. costly costlier costliest
If you say that something is costly , you mean that it costs a lot of money, often more than you would want to pay.

- Having professionally made curtains can be costly, so why not make your own?

ADJ-GRADED
= expensive ≠ cheap

2. costly costlier costliest
If you describe someone's action or mistake as costly , you mean that it results in a serious disadvantage for them, for example the loss of a large amount of money or the loss of their reputation.

- Psychometric tests can save organizations from grim and costly mistakes.

- This sort of scandal in international banking has been politically costly.

ADJ-GRADED

costly

adjective

1.

expensive

dear

exorbitant

extortionate

highly-priced

steep informal

stiff

2.

damaging

catastrophic

deleterious

disastrous

harmful

loss-making

ruinous

cost of living *

cost of living
The cost of living is the average amount of money that people in a particular place need in order to be able to afford basic food, housing, and clothing.

- The cost of living has increased dramatically.

- Companies are moving jobs to towns with a lower cost of living.

N-SING

cost-plus

[D.J.:ˈkɔstˈplʌs]

[K.K.:ˈkɔstˈplʌs]

adj.

在成本外加一定费用的

cost-plus

cost-plus
A cost-plus basis for a contract about work to be done is one in which the buyer agrees to pay the seller or contractor all the cost plus a profit.

- All vessels were to be built on a cost-plus basis.

- ...cost-plus contracts.

ADJ: ADJ n

cost price

cost price cost prices
If something is sold at cost price , it is sold for the same price as it cost the seller to buy it. (BRIT)

- ...a factory shop where you can buy very fashionable shoes at cost price...

- The shop claims to have sold computers below the manufacturer's cost price for three years.

N-VAR: oft at N
= cost

costume

[D.J.:ˈkɔstju:m]

[K.K.:ˈkɑsˌtum, -ˌtjum]

n.

服装, 服装式样

女外套, 女装

costume **

1. costume costumes
An actor's or performer's costume is the set of clothes they wear while they are performing.

- Even from a distance the effect of his fox costume was stunning.

- The performers, in costume and make-up, were walking up and down backstage.

- In all, she has eight costume changes.

N-VAR
= outfit

2. costume
The clothes worn by people at a particular time in history, or in a particular country, are referred to as a particular type of costume .

- ...men and women in eighteenth-century costume...

- In the colourful markets at Chincero and Pisac, women still wear their traditional costume.

N-UNCOUNT: supp N
= dress

3. costume
A costume play or drama is one which is set in the past and in which the actors wear the type of clothes that were worn in that period.

- ...a lavish costume drama set in Ireland and the US in the 1890s.

ADJ: ADJ n

costume

noun

outfit

apparel

attire

clothing

dress

ensemble

garb

livery

uniform

costume jewellery

costume jewellery
Costume jewellery is jewellery made from cheap materials.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) costume jewelry

costumer

[D.J.:ˈkɔstju:mə]

[K.K.:ˈkɑsˌtumɚ, -ˌtju-, kɑˈstumɚ, -ˈstju-]

n.

服饰供应商

costumer

costumer costumers
A costumer is the same as a costumier . (AM)
N-COUNT

costumier

[D.J.:kɔˈstju:miə]

[K.K.:kɑˈstumiɚ, -ˈstju-, ˌkɔstumˈje]

n.

服饰供应商

costumier

costumier costumiers
A costumier is a person or company that makes or supplies costumes. (mainly BRIT; in AM use costumer )

- ...a theatrical costumier.

N-COUNT

cosily

[ˈkəuzili]

adv.

舒适地,惬意地

cosiness

n.

舒适,安逸

cosy

[D.J.:ˈkəuzi]

[K.K.:ˈkozi]

adj.

温暖舒适的

亲切友好的

cosy **

1. cosy cosier cosiest
A house or room that is cosy is comfortable and warm.

- Downstairs there's a breakfast room and guests can relax in the cosy bar.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) cozy
= homely

2. cosily

- We took time to relax in the cosily decorated drawing room.

ADV-GRADED

3. cosiness

- In the evening a log fire would provide cosiness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. cosy cosier cosiest
If you are cosy , you are comfortable and warm.

- They like to make sure their guests are comfortable and cosy.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ (AM) cozy

5. cosily

- He was settled cosily in the corner with an arm round Lynda.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

6. cosy cosier cosiest
You use cosy to describe activities that are pleasant and friendly, and involve people who know each other well.

- ...a cosy chat between friends...

- My mood this year is for a cosy, nice and thoroughly wholesome Christmas.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) cozy
= intimate

7. cosily

- ...chatting cosily with friends over coffee.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

8. cosiness

- ...the cosiness and solidity of family life.

N-UNCOUNT

cosy

adjective

snug

comfortable

comfy informal

homely

intimate

sheltered

tucked up

warm

cot

[D.J.:kɔt]

[K.K.:kɑt]

n.

<英>四周有棚的儿童床

帆布床

cot *

1. cot cots
A cot is a bed for a baby, with bars or panels round it so that the baby cannot fall out. (BRIT; in AM use crib )
N-COUNT

2. cot cots
A cot is a narrow bed, usually made of canvas fitted over a frame which can be folded up. (AM; in BRIT use camp bed )
N-COUNT

cot death

cot death cot deaths
Cot death is the sudden death of a baby while it is asleep, although the baby had not previously been ill. (BRIT; in AM use crib death )

- In developed countries, cot death is the main cause of death between the ages of one week and one year.

- Doctors still aren't sure what causes cot deaths.

N-VAR

coterie

[D.J.:ˈkəʊtəri:, ˌkəʊtəˈri:]

[K.K.:ˈkotəri, ˌkotəˈri]

n.

(有共同兴趣的)小集团

coterie

coterie coteries
A coterie of a particular kind is a small group of people who are close friends or have a common interest, and who do not want other people to join them. (FORMAL)

- The songs he recorded were written by a small coterie of dedicated writers.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu with supp
= circle set

cottage

[D.J.:ˈkɔtidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈkɑtɪdʒ]

n.

小屋, 村舍

cottage ***

cottage cottages
A cottage is a small house, usually in the country.

- They used to have a cottage in N.W. Scotland.

- My sister Yvonne also came to live at Ockenden Cottage with me.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

cottage

noun

cabin

chalet

hut

lodge

shack

cottage cheese

cottage cheese
Cottage cheese is a soft, white, lumpy cheese made from sour milk.
N-UNCOUNT

cottage industry

cottage industry cottage industries
A cottage industry is a small business that is run from someone's home, especially one that involves a craft such as knitting or pottery.

- Bookbinding is largely a cottage industry.

N-COUNT

cottage loaf

cottage loaf cottage loaves
A cottage loaf is a loaf of bread which has a smaller round part on top of a larger round part. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

cottage pie

cottage pie cottage pies
Cottage pie is a dish which consists of minced meat in gravy with mashed potato on top. (BRIT)
N-VAR
= shepherd's pie

cottaging

cottaging
Cottaging is homosexual activity between men in public toilets. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

cotton

[D.J.:ˈkɔtən]

[K.K.:ˈkɑtn]

n.

棉, 棉花

棉线, 棉布

cotton ***

1. cotton cottons
Cotton is a type of cloth made from soft fibres from a particular plant.

- ...a cotton shirt.

N-MASS: oft N n

2. cotton
Cotton is a plant which is grown in warm countries and which produces soft fibres used in making cotton cloth.

- ...a large cotton plantation in Tennessee.

N-UNCOUNT

3. cotton cottons
Cotton is thread that is used for sewing, especially thread that is made from cotton. (mainly BRIT; in AM use thread )

- There's a needle and cotton there.

N-MASS

4. cotton
Cotton or absorbent cotton is a soft mass of cotton, used especially for applying liquids or creams to your skin. (AM; in BRIT use cotton wool )
N-UNCOUNT

cotton on ***

1. cotton on cottons on; cottoning on; cottoned on
If you cotton on to something, you understand it or realize it, especially without people telling you about it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She had already cottoned on to the fact that the nanny was not all she appeared.

- It wasn't until he started laughing that they cottoned on!

PHR-V
= catch on

2. cotton to cottons to; cottoning to; cottoned to
If you cotton to someone or something, you start to like them. (AM, INFORMAL)

- His style of humor was very human, and that's why people cotton to him.

- It seemed to me that I was being shut out of the dialogue and that's something I just don't cotton to.

PHR-V: no passive

cotton bud

cotton bud cotton buds
A cotton bud is a small stick with a ball of cotton wool at each end, which people use, for example, for applying make-up. (BRIT; in AM use Q-tip )
N-COUNT

cotton candy

cotton candy
Cotton candy is a large pink or white mass of sugar threads that is eaten from a stick. It is sold at fairs or other outdoor events. (AM; in BRIT use candyfloss )
N-UNCOUNT

cottonwood

[D.J.:ˈkɔtənwud]

[K.K.:ˈkɑtnˌwʊd]

n.

三叶杨,棉白杨

cottonwood

cottonwood cottonwoods
A cottonwood or a cottonwood tree is a kind of tree that grows in North America and has seeds that are covered with hairs that look like cotton.
N-COUNT

cotton wool *

cotton wool
Cotton wool is a soft mass of cotton, used especially for applying liquids or creams to your skin. (BRIT; in AM use cotton )
N-UNCOUNT

couch

[D.J.:kautʃ]

[K.K.:kaʊtʃ]

n.

长沙发

(病人受检查时躺的)长榻

vt.

表达

couching

(白内障手术方法之一)针拨白内障

couch **

1. couch couches
A couch is a long, comfortable seat for two or three people.
N-COUNT
= sofa settee

2. couch couches
A couch is a narrow bed which patients lie on while they are being examined or treated by a doctor.
N-COUNT

3. couch couches couching couched
If a statement is couched in a particular style of language, it is expressed in that style of language. (WRITTEN)

- The new centre-right government's radical objectives are often couched in moderate terms.

- This time the proposal was couched as an ultimatum.

VB: usu passive
= phrase

couchette

[D.J.:ku:ˈʃet]

[K.K.:kuˈʃɛt]

n.

睡铺,有卧铺的车厢

couchette

couchette couchettes
A couchette is a bed on a train or a boat which is either folded against the wall or used as an ordinary seat during the day. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

couch potato

couch potato couch potatoes
A couch potato is someone who spends most of their time watching television and does not exercise or have any interesting hobbies. (INFORMAL)

- ...couch potatoes flicking through endless satellite TV channels.

N-COUNT disapproval

cougar

[D.J.:ˈku:gə]

[K.K.:ˈkuɡɚ]

n.

<美>美洲狮

cougar

cougar cougars
A cougar is a wild member of the cat family. Cougars have brownish-grey fur and live in mountain regions of North and South America. (mainly AM; in BRIT use puma )
N-COUNT
= mountain lion puma

cough

[D.J.:kɔf]

[K.K.:kɔf, kɑf]

vt. & vi.

咳嗽

n.

咳, 咳嗽

cough ***

1. cough coughs coughing coughed
When you cough , you force air out of your throat with a sudden, harsh noise. You often cough when you are ill, or when you are nervous or want to attract someone's attention.

- Graham began to cough violently.

- He coughed. `Excuse me, Mrs Allsworthy, could I have a word?'

VB

2. cough coughs
Also a noun.

- Coughs and sneezes spread infections much faster in a warm atmosphere.

- They were interrupted by an apologetic cough.

N-COUNT

3. coughing

- He was then overcome by a terrible fit of coughing.

N-UNCOUNT

4. cough coughs
A cough is an illness in which you cough often and your chest or throat hurts.

- ...if you have a persistent cough for over a month.

N-COUNT

5. cough coughs coughing coughed
If you cough blood or mucus, it comes up out of your throat or mouth when you cough.

- I started coughing blood so they transferred me to a hospital.

VB

6. cough up coughs up; coughing up; coughed up
Cough up means the same as cough .

- On the chilly seas, Keats became feverish, continually coughing up blood.

PHR-V

7. cough coughs coughing coughed
If an engine or other machine coughs , it makes a sudden, harsh noise.

- Then suddenly, the engine coughed, spluttered and died.

VB

cough up ***

cough up coughs up; coughing up; coughed up
If you cough up an amount of money, you pay or spend that amount, usually when you would prefer not to. (INFORMAL)

- I'll have to cough up $10,000 a year for tuition.

- Will this be enough to persuade Congress to cough up?

PHR-V
= fork out

See also cough 3.

cough

noun

1.

frog or tickle in one's throat

bark

hack

verb

2.

clear one's throat

bark

hack

cough medicine

cough medicine cough medicines
Cough medicine is liquid medicine that you take when you have a cough.
N-MASS

cough mixture

cough mixture cough mixtures
Cough mixture is the same as cough medicine . (BRIT)
N-MASS

could

[D.J.:kud, kəd]

[K.K.:kʊd]

aux.v.

(表示允准)

(表示请求)

(表示结果)

(表示可能性)

(表示建议)

could *****

( Could is a modal verb. It is used with the base form of a verb. Could is sometimes considered to be the past form of can , but in this dictionary the two words are dealt with separately.)

1. could
You use could to indicate that someone had the ability to do something. You use could not or couldn't to say that someone was unable to do something.

- For my return journey, I felt I could afford the extra and travel first class.

- I could see that something was terribly wrong.

- He could not resist telling her the truth.

- When I left school at 16, I couldn't read or write.

- There was no way she could have coped with a baby around.

MODAL

2. could
You use could to indicate that something sometimes happened.

- Though he had a temper and could be nasty, it never lasted.

- He could be very pleasant when he wanted to.

MODAL

3. could
You use could have to indicate that something was a possibility in the past, although it did not actually happen.

- He could have made a fortune as a lawyer.

- You could have been killed!.

- He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he could have expressed it differently.

MODAL

4. could
You use could to indicate that something is possibly true, or that it may possibly happen.

- Doctors told him the disease could have been caused by years of working in smokey clubs.

- An improvement in living standards could be years away.

- He was jailed in February 1992 and could be released next year.

MODAL
= might

5. could
You use could not or couldn't to indicate that it is not possible that something is true.

- They argued all the time and thought it couldn't be good for the baby.

- Anne couldn't be expected to understand the situation.

- He couldn't have been more than fourteen years old.

MODAL

6. could
You use could to talk about a possibility, ability, or opportunity that depends on other conditions.

- Their hope was that a new and better East Germany could be born.

- I knew that if I spoke to Myra, I could get her to call my father.

MODAL

7. could
You use could when you are saying that one thing or situation resembles another.

- The charming characters she draws look like they could have walked out of the 1920s.

MODAL

8. could
You use could , or couldn't in questions, when you are making offers and suggestions.

- I could call the local doctor.

- We need money right? We could go around and ask if people need odd jobs done or something.

- `It's boring to walk all alone.' --- `Couldn't you go for walks with your friends?'.

- You could look for a career abroad where environmental jobs are better paid and more secure.

- It would be a good idea if you could do this exercise twice or three times on separate days.

MODAL

9. could
You use could in questions when you are making a polite request or asking for permission to do something. Speakers sometimes use couldn't instead of `could' to show that they realize that their request may be refused.

- Could I stay tonight?.

- Could I speak to you in private a moment, John?.

- I wonder if some time I could have a word with you.

- Sir, could you please come to the commanding officer's office?.

- Could we go outside just for a second?.

- He asked if he could have a cup of coffee.

- Couldn't I watch you do it?

MODAL politeness

10. could
People sometimes use structures with if I could or could I as polite ways of interrupting someone or of introducing what they are going to say next. (SPOKEN, FORMAL)

- Well, if I could just interject.

- Could I stop you there?.

- Could I ask you if there have been any further problems?.

- First of all, could I begin with an apology for a mistake I made last week?

MODAL politeness
= may

11. could
You use could to say emphatically that someone ought to do the thing mentioned, especially when you are annoyed because they have not done it. You use why couldn't in questions to express your surprise or annoyance that someone has not done something.

- We've come to see you, so you could at least stand and greet us properly.

- Idiot! You could have told me!.

- He could have written.

- Why couldn't she have said something?.

- But why couldn't he tell me straight out?

MODAL emphasis

12. could
You use could when you are expressing strong feelings about something by saying that you feel as if you want to do the thing mentioned, although you do not do it.

- I could kill you! I swear I could!.

- `Welcome back' was all they said. I could have kissed them!.

- She could have screamed with tension.

MODAL emphasis

13. could
You use could after `if' when talking about something that you do not have the ability or opportunity to do, but which you are imagining in order to consider what the likely consequences might be.

- If I could afford it I'd have four television sets.

- If only I could get some sleep, I would be able to cope.

MODAL

14. could
You use could not or couldn't with comparatives to emphasize that someone or something has as much as is possible of a particular quality. For example, if you say `I couldn't be happier', you mean that you are extremely happy.

- The rest of the players are a great bunch of lads and I couldn't be happier.

- Darling Neville, I couldn't be more pleased for you.

- The news couldn't have come at a better time.

MODAL emphasis

15. could
In speech, you use how could in questions to emphasize that you feel strongly about something bad that has happened.

- How could you allow him to do something like that?.

- How could I have been so stupid?.

- How could she do this to me?.

- How could you have lied to us all these years?

MODAL emphasis

16. could
You say ` I couldn't ' to refuse an offer of more food or drink. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- `More cake?' --- `Oh no, I couldn't.'

CONVENTION

couldn't

[D.J.:ˈkudnt]

[K.K.:ˈkʊdnt]

v.

不能

couldn't

couldn't
Couldn't is the usual spoken form of could not .

could've

could've
Could've is the usual spoken form of could have , when `have' is an auxiliary verb.

council

[D.J.:ˈkaunsl]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊnsəl]

n.

委员会, 理事会

(郡、镇等)政务会, 地方议会

council *****

1. council councils
A council is a group of people who are elected to govern a local area such as a city or, in Britain, a county.

- ...Cheshire County Council...

- The city council has voted almost unanimously in favour.

- ...David Ward, one of just two Liberal Democrats on the council.

- ...reports of local council meetings.

N-COUNT-COLL: oft in names after n
= local authority

2. council
Council houses or flats are owned by the local council, and people pay rent to live in them. (BRIT)

- There is a shortage of council housing.

- Council tenants around the country are planning a mass lobby of Parliament.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. council councils
Council is used in the names of some organizations.

- ...the National Council for Civil Liberties.

- ...the Arts Council.

- ...community health councils.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu in names

4. council councils
In some organizations, the council is the group of people that controls or governs it.

- The permanent council of the Organization of American States meets today here in Washington.

- ...the Bundesbank's central council.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu sing, usu with supp

5. council councils
A council is a specially organized, formal meeting that is attended by a particular group of people.

- President Najibullah said he would call a grand council of all Afghans.

- The president also meets ministers at inter-ministerial councils held at the Elys´ee Palace.

N-COUNT
= assembly

council

noun

governing body

assembly

board

cabinet

committee

conference

congress

convention

panel

parliament

council house

council house council houses
In Britain, a council house is a house that is owned by a local council and that people can rent at a low cost.
N-COUNT

councillor

[D.J.:ˈkaʊnsələ, -slə]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊnsəlɚ, -slɚ]

n.

政务会委员;议员

councillorship

n.

地方议员

councillor **

councillor
A councillor is a member of a local council.

- ...the first black New York City councillor, Benjamin Davis Jr.

- ...Councillor Michael Poulter.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE (AM) councilor

councilman

[D.J.:ˈkaunsəlmən]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊnsəlmən]

n.

议员,市议会议员

councilman

councilman
A councilman is a man who is a member of a local council. (AM; in BRIT use councillor )

- ...a city councilman.

- ...Councilman Simpkins.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

council of war

council of war councils of war
A council of war is a meeting that is held in order to decide how a particular threat or emergency should be dealt with. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

council tax *

council tax
In Britain, the council tax is a tax that you pay to your local authority in order to pay for local services such as schools, libraries, and rubbish collection. The amount of council tax that you pay depends on the value of the house or flat where you live.
N-UNCOUNT: also the N

councilwoman

[D.J.:ˈkaunsəlˌwumən]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊnsəlˌwʊmən]

n.

议会女议员

councilwoman

councilwoman
A councilwoman is a woman who is a member of a local council. (AM; in BRIT use councillor )

- ...a well-known Los Angeles City councilwoman.

- ...Councilwoman Johnson.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

counsel

[D.J.:ˈkaunsəl]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊnsəl]

n.

忠告, 劝告

辩护律师, 法律顾问

vt.

劝告, 建议

counselling

[ˈkaun-səliŋ]

n.

(尤指行家的)意见

counsel ***

1. counsel
Counsel is advice. (FORMAL)

- He had always been able to count on her wise counsel.

- His parishioners sought his counsel and loved him.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) counseling , counseled
= advice

2. counsel counsels counselling counselled
If you counsel someone to take a course of action, or if you counsel a course of action, you advise that course of action. (FORMAL)

- My advisers counselled me to do nothing.

- The prime minister was right to counsel caution about military intervention.

VB (AM) counseling , counseled
= advise

3. counsel counsels counselling counselled
If you counsel people, you give them advice about their problems.

- ...a psychologist who counsels people with eating disorders...

- Crawford counsels her on all aspects of her career.

VB (AM) counseling , counseled

4. counsel counsels
Someone's counsel is the lawyer who gives them advice on a legal case and speaks on their behalf in court.

- Singleton's counsel said after the trial that he would appeal.

- The defence counsel warned that the judge should stop the trial.

N-COUNT: oft supp N (AM) counseling , counseled

5. counsel
If you keep your own counsel , you keep quiet about your opinions or intentions.

- Guscott rarely speaks out, preferring to keep his own counsel.

PHR: V inflects (AM) counseling , counseled

counselling **

counselling
Counselling is advice which a therapist or other expert gives to someone about a particular problem.

- She will need medical help and counselling to overcome the tragedy.

- She brought her husband in for marriage counseling.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) counseling

counsel

noun

1.

advice

direction

guidance

information

recommendation

suggestion

warning

2.

legal adviser

advocate

attorney

barrister

lawyer

solicitor

verb

3.

advise

advocate

exhort

instruct

recommend

urge

warn

counsellor

[D.J.:ˈkaʊnsələ, -slə]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊnsəlɚ, -slɚ]

n.

(为社会、心理等问题提供咨询的)顾问，辅导员

counsellor **

counsellor counsellors
A counsellor is a person whose job is to give advice to people who need it, especially advice on their personal problems.

- Children who have suffered like this should see a counsellor experienced in bereavement.

- They sought the help of a marriage counsellor.

N-COUNT (AM) counselor

count

[D.J.:kaunt]

[K.K.:kaʊnt]

vi.

(按顺序)数

有价值, 有重要意义

vt.

点…的数目, 计算

把…算入

认为, 看作

n.

计数, 总数

事项, 罪状

counting

[ˈkauntiŋ]

n.

计算

count ****

1. count counts counting counted
When you count , you say all the numbers one after another up to a particular number.

- He was counting slowly under his breath.

- Brian counted to twenty and lifted his binoculars.

VB

2. count counts counting counted
If you count all the things in a group, you add them up in order to find how many there are.

- At the last family wedding, George's wife counted the total number in the family.

- I counted the money. It was more than five hundred pounds.

- I counted 34 wild goats grazing.

- With more than 90 percent of the votes counted, the Liberals should win nearly a third of the seats.

VB

3. count up counts up; counting up; counted up
Count up means the same as count .

- Couldn't we just count up our ballots and bring them to the courthouse?

PHR-V

4. counting

- The counting of votes is proceeding smoothly.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n

5. count counts
A count is the action of counting a particular set of things, or the number that you get when you have counted them.

- The final count in last month's referendum showed 56.7 per cent in favour.

- At the last count the police in the Rimini area had 247 people in custody.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

6. count counts
You use count when referring to the level or amount of something that someone or something has.

- A glass or two of wine will not significantly add to the calorie count.

- My husband had a very low sperm count.

N-COUNT: n N
See also blood count , pollen count .

7. count
You use count in expressions such as a count of three or a count of ten when you are measuring a length of time by counting slowly up to a certain number.

- Hold your breath for a count of five, then slowly breathe out.

- The fight ended when Mendoza landed a hard right to the chin of Palacios, who went down for a count of eight.

N-SING: N of num

8. count counts counting counted
If something or someone counts for something or counts , they are important or valuable.

- Surely it doesn't matter where charities get their money from: what counts is what they do with it.

- It's as if your opinions, your likes and dislikes just don't count.

- When I first came to college I realised that brainpower didn't count for much.

- Experience counts for a lot in poker.

VB
= matter

9. count counts counting counted
If something counts or is counted as a particular thing, it is regarded as being that thing, especially in particular circumstances or under particular rules.

- No one agrees on what counts as a desert.

- Any word that's not legible will be counted as wrong.

- Two of the trucks were stopped because they had tents in them, and under the commanders' definition of humanitarian aid, that didn't count.

- It can be counted a success, in that it has built up substantial sales.

V-ERG

10. count counts counting counted
If you count something when you are making a calculation, you include it in that calculation.

- It's under 7 percent only because statistics don't count the people who aren't qualified to be in the work force.

- The years before their arrival in prison are not counted as part of their sentence.

VB
= include

11. count counts
You can use count to refer to one or more points that you are considering. For example, if someone is wrong on two counts , they are wrong in two ways.

- `You drink Scotch,' she said. `All Republicans drink Scotch.' --- `Wrong on both counts. I'm a Democrat, and I drink bourbon.'

N-COUNT: on supp N

12. count counts
In law, a count is one of a number of charges brought against someone in court.

- He was indicted by a grand jury on two counts of murder.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

13. count
If you keep count of a number of things, you note or keep a record of how many have occurred. If you lose count of a number of things, you cannot remember how many have occurred.

- The authorities say they are not able to keep count of the bodies still being found as bulldozers clear the rubble.

- She'd lost count of the interviews she'd been called for.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR of n

14. count
If someone is out for the count , they are unconscious or very deeply asleep. (INFORMAL)
PHR: v-link PHR

15. count
If you say that someone should stand up and be counted , you mean that they should say publicly what they think, and not hide it or be ashamed of it.

- Those involved and benefiting from it must be prepared to stand up and be counted.

PHR

counting *

1. counting
Not counting a particular thing means not including that thing. Counting a particular thing means including that thing.

- ...an average operating profit of 15% to 16% of sales, not counting administrative expenses.

PREP
= including

2. counting
If you say and counting after a number or an amount of something, you mean that the number or amount is continuing to increase.

- There is a 1,700-year-old tea tree still living in southern China which is more than 100 feet tall and counting.

PHR: amount PHR

count

verb

1.

add (up)

calculate

compute

enumerate

number

reckon

tally

tot up

2.

matter

be important

carry weight

rate

signify

tell

weigh

3.

consider

deem

judge

look upon

rate

regard

think

4.

take into account or consideration

include

number among

noun

5.

calculation

computation

enumeration

numbering

poll

reckoning

sum

tally

count up

verb

add

reckon up

sum

tally

total

count against ****

count against counts against; counting against; counted against
If something counts against you, it may cause you to be rejected or punished, or cause people to have a lower opinion of you.

- He is highly regarded, but his youth might count against him.

PHR-V

count in ****

count in counts in; counting in; counted in
If you tell someone to count you in , you mean that you want to be included in an activity.

- She shrugged. `You can count me in, I guess.'

PHR-V: usu imper

count on, count upon ****

1. count on counts on; counting on; counted on
If you count on something or count upon it, you expect it to happen and include it in your plans.

- The government thought it could count on the support of the trades unions.

- I'll be back. You can count on it.

- He is counting on winning seats and perhaps a share in the new government.

PHR-V
= rely on

2. count on counts on; counting on; counted on
If you count on someone or count upon them, you rely on them to support you or help you.

- Don't count on Lillian.

- I can always count on you to cheer me up.

- Diana seemed a strong young girl who could be counted upon to produce an heir.

PHR-V
= rely on

count on upon

verb

depend on

bank on

believe (in)

lean on

pin one's faith on

reckon on

rely on

take for granted

take on trust

trust

count out ****

1. count out counts out; counting out; counted out
If you count out a sum of money, you count the notes or coins as you put them in a pile one by one.

- Mr. Rohmbauer counted out the money and put it in an envelope.

PHR-V

2. count out counts out; counting out; counted out
If you tell someone to count you out , you mean that you do not want to be included in an activity.

- If this is the standard to which I have to drop to gain membership, then count me out!

PHR-V: usu imper
= exclude

count towards ****

count towards counts towards; counting towards; counted towards
If something counts towards or counts toward an achievement or right, it is included as one of the things that give you the right to it.

- In many courses, work from the second year onwards can count towards the final degree.

PHR-V (AM) usually count toward

Count *

Count
A Count is a European nobleman with the same rank as an English earl.

- Her father was a Polish Count.

- ...Count Otto Lambsdorff, leader of the Free Democratic Party.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC

countable noun

countable noun countable nouns
A countable noun is the same as a count noun .
N-COUNT

countdown

[D.J.:ˈkaʊntˌdaʊn]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntˌdaʊn]

n.

(发射宇宙飞船等的)倒数读秒,倒计时

大事临近的时期

countdown *

countdown
A countdown is the counting aloud of numbers in reverse order before something happens, especially before a spacecraft is launched.

- The countdown has begun for the launch later today of the American space shuttle.

- There were three more things to do before countdown.

N-SING: also no det

countenance

[D.J.:ˈkaʊntənəns]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntənəns]

n.

面容,表情

镇静,沉着自若

道义支持

vt.

支持,赞同,批准

countenance *

1. countenance countenances countenancing countenanced
If someone will not countenance something, they do not agree with it and will not allow it to happen. (FORMAL)

- Jake would not countenance Janis's marrying while still a student.

- ...the military men who refused to countenance the overthrow of the president.

VB: usu with brd-neg
= tolerate

2. countenance countenances
Someone's countenance is their face. (LITERARY)

- He met each inquiry with an impassive countenance.

N-COUNT

counter

[D.J.:ˈkauntə]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntɚ]

n.

柜台, 柜台式长桌

计数器

vt. & vi.

对抗, 反驳

adv.

反方向地, 对立地

counter ***

1. counter counters
In a place such as a shop or caf´e, a counter is a long narrow table or flat surface at which customers are served.

- ...those fellows we see working behind the counter at our local video rental store.

- ...the cosmetics counter...

- We were sitting on stools at the counter having coffee.

N-COUNT

2. counter counters countering countered
If you do something to counter a particular action or process, you do something which has an opposite effect to it or makes it less effective.

- The leadership discussed a plan of economic measures to counter the effects of such a blockade.

- Congestion could be countered by persuading more drivers to get on their bikes.

- Sears then countered by filing an antitrust lawsuit.

VB

3. counter
Something that is a counter to something else has an opposite effect to it or makes it less effective.

- ...NATO's traditional role as a counter to the military might of the Warsaw pact.

N-SING: a N to n

4. counter counters countering countered
If you counter something that someone has said, you say something which shows that you disagree with them or which proves that they are wrong.

- Both of them had to counter fierce criticism by the Moscow intellectuals.

- The union countered with letters rebutting the company's claims.

- The Prime Minister countered by stating that he had grave misgivings about the advice he had been given.

- `But Peter, it's not that simple,' Goldstone countered in a frim voice.

VB

5. counter counters
A counter is a mechanical or electronic device which keeps a count of something and displays the total.

- ...an answerphone with one-touch playback and LED display call counter.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

6. counter counters
A counter is a small, flat, round object used in board games.
N-COUNT

7. counter
If a medicine can be bought over the counter , you do not need a prescription to buy it.

- Are you taking any other medicines whether on prescription or bought over the counter?

- ...basic over-the-counter remedies.

PHR

8. counter
Over-the-counter shares are bought and sold directly rather than on a stock exchange.
PHR: usu PHR n

9. counter
If one thing runs counter to another, or if one thing is counter to another, the first thing is the opposite of the second thing or conflicts with it. (FORMAL)

- Much of the plan runs counter to European Community agriculture and environmental policy.

- The finding ran counter to all expectations.

- ...the introduction of social legislation in Europe, which is counter to American practice.

PHR: V inflects, PHR to n

10. counter
If someone buys or sells goods under the counter , they buy or sell them secretly and illegally.

- The smugglers allegedly sold the gold under the counter, cheating the VAT man out of £5 million.

PHR: PHR after v

counter

verb

1.

retaliate

answer

hit back

meet

oppose

parry

resist

respond

ward off

adverb

2.

opposite to

against

at variance with

contrariwise

conversely

in defiance of

versus

counter-

[D.J.:ˈkauntə]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntɚ]

pref.

表示“相反,相对”之义

counter-

counter-
Counter- is used to form words which refer to actions or activities that are intended to prevent other actions or activities or that respond to them.

- Intelligence activities will now be limited to counter-espionage.

- ...various counter-revolutionary activities.

- ...a counter-demonstration by anti-war protesters...

- In recent weeks, Abrams has counterattacked.

PREFIX

counteract

[D.J.:ˌkauntəˈrækt]

[K.K.:ˌkaʊntɚˈækt]

vt.

对抗; 抵消

counteract *

counteract counteracts counteracting counteracted
To counteract something means to reduce its effect by doing something that produces an opposite effect.

- My husband has to take several pills to counteract high blood pressure.

- This event will counteract such trends.

VB

counteract

verb

act against

foil

frustrate

negate

neutralize

offset

resist

thwart

counter-argument

counter-argument counter-arguments
A counter-argument is an argument that makes an opposing point to another argument.

- But the counter-argument to that is that political reform must go hand-in-hand with economic reform.

N-COUNT (AM) usually counterargument
≠ argument

counter-attack *

1. counter-attack counter-attacks counter-attacking counter-attacked
If you counter-attack , you attack someone who has attacked you.

- The security forces counter-attacked the following day and quelled the unrest.

- Marion's father counter-attacked by saying that Blaze's claims were cruel and untrue.

VB also counterattack .
= retaliate

2. counter-attack counter-attacks
Also a noun.

- The army began its counter-attack this morning.

N-COUNT also counterattack .

counterbalance

[D.J.:ˈkaʊntəˌbæləns, ˌkaʊntəˈbæləns]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntɚˌbæləns, ˌkaʊntɚˈbæləns]

vt.

对…起平衡作用;抵消

n.

抗衡 (力);平衡力

counterbalancing

对重平衡

counterbalance

1. counterbalance counterbalances counterbalancing counterbalanced
To counterbalance something means to balance or correct it with something that has an equal but opposite effect.

- Add honey to counterbalance the acidity.

- His patriarchal generosity is counterbalanced by his ruthlessness.

VB also counter-balance .
= offset

2. counterbalance counterbalances
Something that is a counterbalance to something else counterbalances that thing.

- ...organisations set up as a counterbalance to groups allied to the ANC.

N-COUNT: oft N to n also counter-balance .

counterbalance

verb

offset

balance

compensate

make up for

set off

counterblast

[ˈkauntəblɑ:st]

n.

反向气流,强硬的抗议,猛烈的反应

counterblast

counterblast counterblasts
A counterblast is a strong angry reply to something that has been said, written, or done. (JOURNALISM)

- Last week experts in Britain delivered a strong counter-blast to the Professor's claims.

N-COUNT: oft N to n also counter-blast .

counterclockwise

[D.J.:ˌkaʊntəˈklɔkˌwaɪz]

[K.K.:ˌkaʊntɚˈklɑkˌwaɪz]

adj.

逆时针方向的;自右向左的

adv.

逆时针方向地;自右向左地

counterclockwise

1. counterclockwise
If something is moving counterclockwise , it is moving in the opposite direction to the direction in which the hands of a clock move. (AM; in BRIT use anticlockwise )

- Rotate the head clockwise and counterclockwise.

ADV: ADV after v also counter-clockwise .
≠ clockwise

2. counterclockwise
Also an adjective.

- The dance moves in a counter-clockwise direction.

ADJ: ADJ n also counter-clockwise .
≠ clockwise

counter-culture

1. counter-culture counter-cultures
Counter-culture is a set of values, ideas, and ways of behaving that are completely different from those of the rest of society.

- ...a history of British counter-culture.

N-VAR also counterculture .

2. counter-culture counter-cultures
A counter-culture is a group in society whose values, ideas, and ways of behaving are completely different from those of the rest of society.

- Not everyone joined the counterculture, not everyone demonstrated, dropped out, took drugs, or dodged the draft.

N-COUNT also counterculture .

counter-espionage

counter-espionage
Counter-espionage is the same as counter-intelligence .
N-UNCOUNT (AM) counterespionage

counterfeit

[D.J.:ˈkaʊntəˌfɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntɚˌfɪt]

n.

仿制品, 伪造物

counterfeiter

[D.J.:ˈkaʊntəˌfɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntɚˌfɪtɚ]

n.

伪造者

counterfeiting

n.

伪造

counterfeits

伪造品

counterfeit *

1. counterfeit
Counterfeit money, goods, or documents are not genuine, but have been made to look exactly like genuine ones in order to deceive people.

- He admitted possessing and delivering counterfeit currency.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= fake

2. counterfeit counterfeits
Also a noun.

- Levi Strauss says counterfeits of the company's jeans are flooding Europe.

N-COUNT
= fake

3. counterfeit counterfeits counterfeiting counterfeited
If someone counterfeits something, they make a version of it that is not genuine but has been made to look genuine in order to deceive people.

- ...the coins Davies is alleged to have counterfeited.

VB

4. counterfeiting

- The business of counterfeiting appears to be expanding.

N-UNCOUNT

5. counterfeiter counterfeiters

- ...a gang of counterfeiters.

N-COUNT: usu pl

counterfeit

adjective

1.

fake

bogus

false

forged

imitation

phoney or phony informal

sham

simulated

noun

2.

fake

copy

forgery

fraud

imitation

phoney or phony informal

reproduction

sham

verb

3.

fake

copy

fabricate

feign

forge

imitate

impersonate

pretend

sham

simulate

counterfoil

[D.J.:ˈkaʊntəˌfɔɪl]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntɚˌfɔɪl]

n.

(支票、票据等的)存根, 票根

counterfoil

counterfoil counterfoils
A counterfoil is the part of a cheque, ticket, or other document that you keep when you give the other part to someone else.
N-COUNT

counter-intelligence

counter-intelligence
Counter-intelligence consists of actions that a country takes in order to find out whether another country is spying on it and to prevent it from doing so.

- ...the FBI's department of counter-intelligence.

- ...a counter-intelligence officer.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also counter intelligence , counterintelligence

countermand

[D.J.:ˈkaʊntəˌmænd, ˌkaʊntəˈmænd]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntɚˌmænd, ˌkaʊntɚˈmænd]

vt.

取消(命令), 撤回

countermand

countermand countermands countermanding countermanded
If you countermand an order, you cancel it, usually by giving a different order. (FORMAL)

- I can't countermand an order Winger's given.

VB
= reverse

countermand

verb

cancel

annul

override

repeal

rescind

retract

reverse

revoke

counter-measure

counter-measure counter-measures
A counter-measure is an action that you take in order to weaken the effect of another action or a situation, or to make it harmless.

- Because the threat never developed, we didn't need to take any real countermeasures.

N-COUNT also countermeasure .

counterpane

[D.J.:ˈkauntəpein]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntɚˌpen]

n.

床单,床罩

counterpane

counterpane counterpanes
A counterpane is a decorative cover on a bed. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

counterpart

[D.J.:ˈkauntəpɑ:t]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntɚˌpɑrt]

n.

与对方地位相当的人, 与另一方作用相当的物

counterpart ***

counterpart counterparts
Someone's or something's counterpart is another person or thing that has a similar function or position in a different place.

- As soon as he heard what was afoot, the Foreign Secretary telephoned his German and Italian counterparts to protest.

- The Finnish organization was very different from that of its counterparts in the rest of the Nordic region.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu poss N
= equivalent

counterpart

noun

opposite number

complement

equal

fellow

match

mate

supplement

tally

twin

counterpoint

[D.J.:ˈkauntəpɔint]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntɚˌpɔɪnt]

n.

对位法,旋律配合,对应物

counterpoint

1. counterpoint counterpoints
Something that is a counterpoint to something else contrasts with it in a satisfying way. (JOURNALISM)

- Paris is just a short train journey away, providing the perfect counterpoint to the peace and quiet of Reims.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N to n
= complement

2. counterpoint counterpoints counterpointing counterpointed
If one thing counterpoints another, it contrasts with it in a satisfying way. (JOURNALISM)

- A good sharp dressing counterpointed the sweetness of the dried fruit.

VB

3. counterpoint
In music, counterpoint is a technique in which two or more different tunes are played together at the same time.

- ...lessons in counterpoint and harmony.

N-UNCOUNT

counter-productive *

counter-productive
Something that is counter-productive achieves the opposite result from the one that you want to achieve.

- In practice, however, such an attitude is counter-productive.

- It is counterproductive to address an interviewee in patronizing tones.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ also counterproductive .

counter-revolution

1. counter-revolution counter-revolutions
A counter-revolution is a revolution that is intended to reverse the effects of a previous revolution.

- The consequences of the counter-revolution have been extremely bloody.

N-COUNT (AM) also counterrevolution

2. counter-revolution
You can refer to activities that are intended to reverse the effects of a previous revolution as counter-revolution .

- Such actions would be regarded as counter-revolution -- a crime punishable by death.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) also counterrevolution

counter-revolutionary

adj.

反革命的

counter-revolutionary

1. counter-revolutionary
Counter-revolutionary activities are activities intended to reverse the effects of a previous revolution.

- ...counter-revolutionary propaganda.

ADJ (AM) also counterrevolutionary

2. counter-revolutionary counter-revolutionaries
A counter-revolutionary is a person who is trying to reverse the effects of a previous revolution.
N-COUNT (AM) also counterrevolutionary

countersign

[D.J.:ˈkaʊntəˌsaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntɚˌsaɪn]

vt.

<术>连署,副署,会签 (文件)

countersign

countersign countersigns countersigning countersigned
If you countersign a document, you sign it after someone else has signed it.

- The President has so far refused to countersign the Prime Minister's desperate decree.

- Dolores, please come in and countersign a cheque.

VB

countertenor

[D.J.:ˌkauntəˈtenə]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntɚˌtɛnɚ]

n.

高男高音

countertenor

countertenor countertenors
A countertenor is a man who sings with a high voice that is similar to a low female singing voice.
N-COUNT also counter-tenor .
= alto

countertop

[D.J.:ˈkauntətɔp]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntɚˌtɑp]

n.

(厨房的)工作台面

countertop

countertop countertops
A countertop is a flat surface in a kitchen which is easily cleaned and on which you can prepare food. (AM; in BRIT use worktop or work surface )
N-COUNT

countervailing

[ˈkauntəveiliŋ]

adj.

补偿的; 弥补的; 抵消的

countervailing

countervailing
A countervailing force, power, or opinion is one which is of equal strength to another one but is its opposite or opposes it.

- Their strategy is expansionist and imperialist, and it is greatest in effect, of course, when there is no countervailing power.

- There were two central and countervailing forces in the life of Nikola Tesla.

ADJ: ADJ n

counterweight

[D.J.:ˈkauntəweit]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntɚˌwet]

n.

平衡物,称锤,平衡力

counterweight

1. counterweight counterweights
A counterweight is an action or proposal that is intended to balance or counter other actions or proposals.

- His no-inflation bill serves as a useful counterweight to proposals less acceptable to the Committee.

N-COUNT: oft N n

2. counterweight counterweights counterweighting counterweighted
If one action or proposal is intended to counterweight another, it is intended to balance or counter the other action or proposal.

- This will be used to counterweight the capital gains argument.

VB
= counter

countess

[D.J.:ˈkaʊntɪs]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntɪs]

n.

女伯爵；伯爵夫人

countess *

countess
A countess is a woman who has the same rank as a count or earl, or who is married to a count or earl.

- ...the Countess of Lichfield.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC

countless

[D.J.:ˈkaʊntlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊntlɪs]

adj.

无数的;多得数不清的

countless **

countless
Countless means very many.

- She brought joy to countless people through her music.

- There are countless small ski areas dotted about the province.

ADJ: ADJ n
= innumerable

countless

adjective

innumerable

endless

immeasurable

incalculable

infinite

legion

limitless

myriad

numberless

untold

count noun

count noun count nouns
A count noun is a noun such as `bird', `chair', or `year' which has a singular and a plural form and is always used after a determiner in the singular.
N-COUNT
= countable noun

countrified

[D.J.:ˈkʌntrifaid]

[K.K.:ˈkʌntrɪˌfaɪd]

adj.

乡下派头的, 粗俗的

countrified

1. countrified
You use countrified to describe something that seems or looks like something in the country, rather than in a town.

- The house was so handsome, with a lovely countrified garden.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. countrified
Countrified is used to describe pop music that sounds similar to country music. (JOURNALISM)

- The sound veers between jazz and countrified blues.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

country

[D.J.:ˈkʌntri]

[K.K.:ˈkʌntri]

n.

国家, 国土

郊外, 乡村

地区

country *****

1. country countries
A country is one of the political units which the world is divided into, covering a particular area of land.

- Indonesia is the fifth most populous country in the world.

- ...that disputed boundary between the two countries...

- Young people do move around the country quite a bit these days.

N-COUNT

2. country
The people who live in a particular country can be referred to as the country .

- The country had confounded the pundits by electing a fourth-term Tory government.

- Seventy per cent of this country is opposed to blood sports.

N-SING: usu the N

3. country
The country consists of places such as farms, open fields, and villages which are away from towns and cities.

- ...a healthy life in the country...

- She was cycling along a country road near Compiegne.

- I was a simple country boy from Norfolk.

N-SING: the N
= countryside

4. country
A particular kind of country is an area of land which has particular characteristics or is connected with a particular well-known person.

- Varese Ligure is a small town in mountainous country east of Genoa.

- ...some of the best walking country in the Sierras...

- The Japanese visitors set off in search of Brontë country.

N-UNCOUNT: supp N

5. country
Country music is popular music from the southern United States.

- For a long time I just wanted to play country music.

- ...a famous country singer named Katie Cocker.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n
= country and western

6. country
If you travel across country , you travel through country areas, avoiding major roads and towns.

- From here we walked across country to Covington.

PHR: v PHR

7. country
If you travel across country , you travel a long distance, from one part of a country to another.

- We've just moved all the way across country to begin a new life.

PHR: v PHR

8. country
If a head of government or a government goes to the country , they hold a general election. (BRIT)

- The Prime Minister does not have to go to the country for another year.

PHR: V inflects

country

noun

1.

nation

commonwealth

kingdom

people

realm

state

2.

territory

land

region

terrain

3.

people

citizens

community

inhabitants

nation

populace

public

society

4.

countryside

backwoods

farmland

green belt

outback Austral. & N.Z.

provinces

sticks informal

country and western

country and western
Country and western is the same as country music.

- ...a successful country and western singer.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also country-and-western .

country club *

country club country clubs
A country club is a club in the country where you can play sports and attend social events.
N-COUNT

country cousin

country cousin country cousins
If you refer to someone as a country cousin , you think that they are unsophisticated because they come from the country.
N-COUNT

country dancing

country dancing
Country dancing is traditional dancing in which people dance in rows or circles.
N-UNCOUNT

country house *

country house country houses
A country house is a large, often attractive, house in the country, usually one that is or was owned by a rich or noble family. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

countryman

[D.J.:ˈkʌntri:mən]

[K.K.:ˈkʌntrimən]

n.

乡下人

同胞

countrymen

n.

同胞,同国人,同乡,乡下人,农民

countryman *

1. countryman countrymen
Your countrymen are people from your own country.

- He beat his fellow countryman, Andre Agassi, 6-4, 6-3, 6-2.

N-COUNT: usu poss N
= compatriot

2. countryman countrymen
A countryman is a person who lives in the country rather than in a city or a town.

- He had the red face of a countryman.

N-COUNT

country seat

country seat country seats
A country seat is a large house with land in the country which is owned by someone who also owns a house in a town.

- His family have a country seat in Oxfordshire.

N-COUNT

countryside

[D.J.:ˈkʌntrisaid]

[K.K.:ˈkʌntriˌsaɪd]

n.

乡下, 农村

countryside ***

countryside
The countryside is land which is away from towns and cities.

- I've always loved the English countryside.

- We are surrounded by lots of beautiful countryside.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N

countryside

noun

country

farmland

green belt

outback Austral. & N.Z.

outdoors

sticks informal

countrywide

[D.J.:ˈkʌntriˈwaid]

[K.K.:ˈkʌntriˈwaɪd]

adj.

全国的

countrywide

1. countrywide
Something that happens or exists countrywide happens or exists throughout the whole of a particular country.

- Armed robbery and abduction have been on the increase countrywide.

- They sent out questionnaires to 100 schools countrywide.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV

2. countrywide
Also an adjective.

- ...a countrywide network of volunteers.

ADJ: ADJ n

countrywoman

[D.J.:ˈkʌntriˌwumən]

[K.K.:ˈkʌntriˌwʊmən]

n.

农妇,村姑

countrywoman

1. countrywoman countrywomen
A countrywoman is a woman who lives in the country rather than in a city or a town.

- She had the slow, soft voice of a countrywoman.

N-COUNT

2. countrywoman countrywomen
Your countrywomen are women from your own country.

- Britain's Martine Le Moignan defeated her countrywoman Suzanne Horner in four games.

N-COUNT: usu poss N
= compatriot

county

[D.J.:ˈkaunti]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊnti]

n.

郡, 县

county ****

county counties
A county is a region of Britain, Ireland, or the USA which has its own local government.

- He is living now in his mother's home county of Oxfordshire.

- Over 50 events are planned throughout the county.

N-COUNT

county

noun

province

shire

county council *

county council county councils
A county council is an organization which runs local government in a county in Britain.

- ...Devon County Council.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

county court

county court county courts
A county court is a local court which deals with private disputes between people, but does not deal with serious crimes. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

county seat

county seat county seats
A county seat is the same as a county town . (AM)

- ...Glasgow, the county seat of Barren County, Kentucky.

N-COUNT

county town

county town county towns
A county town is the most important town in a county, where the local government is. (BRIT; in AM use county seat )

- We met in Dorchester, Dorset's bustling county town.

N-COUNT

coup

[D.J.:ku:]

[K.K.:ku]

n.

〈法〉意外而成功的行动

coup ***

1. coup coups
When there is a coup , a group of people seize power in a country.

- ...a military coup...

- They were sentenced to death for their part in April's coup attempt.

N-COUNT
= coup d'´etat

2. coup coups
A coup is an achievement which is thought to be especially good because it was very difficult.

- The sale is a big coup for the auction house.

- Regency Opera have scored something of a coup by persuading her to undertake the role.

N-COUNT

coup

noun

masterstroke

accomplishment

action

deed

exploit

feat

manoeuvre

stunt

coup de grace

coup de grace
A coup de grace is an action or event which finally destroys something, for example an institution, which has been gradually growing weaker. (FORMAL)

- He has alienated almost all his colleagues and may have given the coup de grace to the party itself.

N-SING
= deathblow

coup d'´etat *

coup d'´etat coups d'´etat
When there is a coup d'´etat , a group of people seize power in a country.
N-COUNT
= coup

coupe

[D.J.:ˈku:pei]

[K.K.:kup]

n.

双座四轮轿式马车,分隔车房

coupe

coupe coupes
A coupe is the same as a coup´e . (AM)
N-COUNT

coup´e *

coup´e coup´es
A coupusee1 is a car with a fixed roof, a sloping back, two doors, and seats for four people. (BRIT; in AM = coupe )
N-COUNT

couple

[D.J.:ˈkʌpl]

[K.K.:ˈkʌpəl]

n.

一对, 一双

一些, 几个

夫妻, 情侣

vt.

连接, 联结, 联系

coupled

[ˈkʌpld]

adj.

连结的,联系的

couples

力偶

coupling

[D.J.:ˈkʌpliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkʌplɪŋ]

n.

连接

连接器; (尤指列车等的)车钩, 挂钩

couplings

垂综

couple ****

1. couple
If you refer to a couple of people or things, you mean two or approximately two of them, although the exact number is not important or you are not sure of it. (INFORMAL)

- Across the street from me there are a couple of police officers standing guard.

- I think the trouble will clear up in a couple of days.

- ...a small working-class town in Massachusetts, a couple of hundred miles from New York City.

QUANT: QUANT of pl-n

2. couple
Also a determiner in spoken American English, and before `more' and `less'.

- ...a couple weeks before the election...

- I think I can play maybe for a couple more years.

DET

3. couple
Also a pronoun.

- I've got a couple that don't look too bad.

PRON

4. couple couples
A couple is two people who are married, living together, or having a sexual relationship.

- The couple have no children.

- ...after burglars ransacked an elderly couple's home.

- ...an isolated spot popular with courting couples.

N-COUNT-COLL

5. couple couples
A couple is two people that you see together on a particular occasion or that have some association.

- ...as the four couples began the opening dance...

- They were an odd couple.

N-COUNT-COLL

6. couple couples coupling coupled
If you say that one thing produces a particular effect when it is coupled with another, you mean that the two things combine to produce that effect.

- ...a problem that is coupled with lower demand for the machines themselves...

- Over-use of those drugs, coupled with poor diet, leads to physical degeneration.

- This, coupled with the fact that flying machines remained universally a subject for jeers and derision, made the brothers secretive.

VB: usu passive
= combine

7. couple couples coupling coupled
If one piece of equipment is coupled to another, it is joined to it so that the two pieces of equipment work together.

- Its engine is coupled to a semiautomatic gearbox.

- The various elementary detector systems are coupled together in complex arrays.

VB: usu passive

8. coupling

- The technique requires the coupling of a particle accelerator and a mass spectrometer.

N-SING: usu the N of n

coupling *

1. coupling couplings
A coupling is a device which is used to join two vehicles or pieces of equipment together.

- Before driving away, re-check the trailer coupling.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

2. coupling couplings
When two different things, ideas, or activities are combined, or when two people work together, you can refer to this combination as a coupling . (WRITTEN)

- Anton the chef concocts a sensual coupling of lobster and asparagus.

- The uneasy coupling of fascism and conservatism spawned a new kind of political regime.

- Morrissey and Prince: the unlikeliest musical coupling of the year.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of pl-n
= combination union

3. coupling couplings
An act of sexual intercourse is sometimes referred to as a coupling . (FORMAL)

- ...sexual couplings.

N-COUNT

couple

noun

1.

pair

brace

duo

two

twosome

verb

2.

link

connect

hitch

join

marry

pair

unite

wed

yoke

couplet

[D.J.:ˈkʌplɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkʌplɪt]

n.

相连并押韵的两行诗,对句

couplet

couplet couplets
A couplet is two lines of poetry which come next to each other, especially two lines that rhyme with each other and are the same length.

- ...rhyming couplets.

N-COUNT

coupon

[D.J.:ˈku:pɔn]

[K.K.:ˈkuˌpɑn, ˈkju-]

n.

礼券, 优惠券

订货单, 参赛表

coupons

取样片

coupon **

1. coupon coupons
A coupon is a piece of printed paper which allows you to pay less money than usual for a product, or to get it free.

- Bring the coupon below to any Tecno store and pay just £10.99.

- ...a 50p money-off coupon.

N-COUNT
= voucher

2. coupon coupons
A coupon is a small form, for example in a newspaper or magazine, which you send off to ask for information, to order something, or to enter a competition.

- Send the coupon with a cheque for £18.50, made payable to `Good Housekeeping'.

- He was filling in his pools coupon.

N-COUNT

coupon

noun

slip

card

certificate

ticket

token

voucher

courage

[D.J.:ˈkʌridʒ]

[K.K.:ˈkɚrɪdʒ, ˈkʌr-]

n.

勇气, 胆量

courage ***

1. courage
Courage is the quality shown by someone who decides to do something difficult or dangerous, even though they may be afraid.

- General Lewis Mackenzie has impressed everyone with his authority and personal courage.

- They do not have the courage to apologise for their actions.

N-UNCOUNT
= bravery

See also Dutch courage .

2. courage
If you have the courage of your convictions , you have the confidence to do what you believe is right, even though other people may not agree or approve.

- Developers should have the courage of their convictions and stick to what they do best.

PHR: PHR after v
to pluck up the courage : see pluck .

courage

noun

bravery

daring

fearlessness

gallantry

heroism

mettle

nerve

pluck

resolution

valour

courageous

[D.J.:kəˈreɪdʒəs]

[K.K.:kəˈredʒəs]

adj.

勇敢的;无畏的

courageously

adv.

勇敢地;无畏地

courageousness

n.

勇敢;无畏

courageously

adv.

勇敢地

courageous *

1. courageous
Someone who is courageous shows courage.

- It was a very frightening experience and they were very courageous.

- It was a courageous decision, and one that everybody admired.

ADJ-GRADED
= brave

2. courageously.

- If Coetzer fights as courageously as he did against Bowe, it could be an interesting night.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

courageous

adjective

brave

bold

daring

fearless

gallant

gritty

intrepid

lion-hearted

stouthearted

valiant

courgette

[D.J.:ku:əˈʒet]

[K.K.:kʊrˈʒɛt]

n.

小胡瓜

courgette *

courgette courgettes
Courgettes are long thin vegetables with dark green skin. (BRIT; in AM use zucchini )
N-VAR

courier

[D.J.:ˈkʊəri:ə, ˈkɜ:-, ˈkʌr-]

[K.K.:ˈkʊriɚ, ˈkə..-, ˈkʌr-]

n.

旅游团的服务员;导游

(传递信息或重要文件的)信使, 通讯员

courier **

1. courier couriers
A courier is a person who is paid to take letters and parcels direct from one place to another.

- He worked as a motorcycle courier.

- The cheques were delivered to the bank by a private courier firm.

N-COUNT

2. courier couriers
A courier is a person employed by a travel company to look after people who are on holiday.
N-COUNT
= rep

courier

noun

1.

guide

representative

2.

messenger

bearer

carrier

envoy

runner

course

[D.J.:kɔ:s]

[K.K.:kɔrs, kors]

n.

课程

进程, 过程

航向, 航线

一道菜

coursed

[kɔ:st]

adj.

被猎犬所追赶的,层列的

courses

n.

课程,路线

coursing

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:siŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrsɪŋ, ˈkor-]

n.

奔驰,追赶

course *****

1. course
Course is often used in the expression `of course', or instead of `of course' in informal spoken English. See of course .

= of course

2. course
The course of a vehicle, especially a ship or aircraft, is the route along which it is travelling.

- Aircraft can avoid each other by going up and down, as well as by altering course to left or right.

- The tug was seaward of the Hakai Passage on a course that diverged from the Calvert Island coastline.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

3. course courses
A course of action is an action or a series of actions that you can do in a particular situation.

- My best course of action was to help Gill by being loyal, loving and endlessly sympathetic.

- He must fall on his sword. That's the only course left open to him.

- Vietnam is trying to decide on its course for the future.

N-COUNT: usu sing

4. course
You can refer to the way that events develop as, for example, the course of history or the course of events .

- ...a series of decisive naval battles which altered the course of history...

- In the natural course of events cows would wish to be milked more than twice a day.

- His adult life mirrored the downward course of his father's life.

N-SING: the N of n

5. course courses
A course is a series of lessons or lectures on a particular subject.

- ...a course in business administration...

- I'm shortly to begin a course on the modern novel.

N-COUNT: oft N in/on n
See also access course , correspondence course , refresher course , sandwich course .

6. course courses
A course of medical treatment is a series of treatments that a doctor gives someone.

- Treatment is supplemented with a course of antibiotics to kill the bacterium.

- She went to her doctor, who offered to put her on a course of tranquillizers.

N-COUNT: N of n

7. course courses
A course is one part of a meal.

- The lunch was excellent, especially the first course.

- ...a three-course dinner.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

8. course courses
In sport, a course is an area of land where races are held or golf is played, or the land over which a race takes place.

- Only 12 seconds separated the first three riders on the Bickerstaffe course.

- In July comes the Tour de France, when 200 cyclists cover a course of 2,000 miles.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

9. course courses
The course of a river is the channel along which it flows.

- Romantic chateaux and castles overlook the river's twisting course.

N-COUNT

10. course courses coursing coursed
If a liquid courses somewhere, it flows quickly. (LITERARY)

- The tears coursed down his cheeks.

- When you're sitting still, you need less blood coursing through your arteries.

VB
= run

11. course
If something happens in the course of a particular period of time, it happens during that period of time.

- In the course of the 1930s steel production in Britain approximately doubled.

- We struck up a conversation, in the course of which it emerged that he was a sailing man.

PHR-PREP
= during

12. course
If you do something as a matter of course , you do it as part of your normal work or way of life.

- If police are carrying arms as a matter of course then doesn't it encourage criminals to carry them?

PHR: PHR after v

13. course
If a ship or aircraft is on course , it is travelling along the correct route. If it is off course , it is no longer travelling along the correct route.

- The ill fated ship was sent off course into shallow waters and rammed by another vessel.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

14. course
If you are on course for something, you are likely to achieve it.

- England are well on course for a place at the 1998 World Cup Finals.

- The company is on course for profits of £20m in 1992.

PHR-PREP: usu v-link PREP

15. course
If something runs its course or takes its course , it develops naturally and comes to a natural end.

- They estimated that between 17,000 and 20,000 cows would die before the epidemic had run its course.

- As for the imprisoned leaders, he asserted that justice would have to take its course.

PHR: V inflects

16. course
If you stay the course , you finish something that you have started, even though it has become very difficult.

- The oldest president in American history had stayed the course for two terms.

PHR: V inflects

17. course
If something changes or becomes true in the course of time , it changes or becomes true over a long period of time.

- In the course of time, many of their myths become entangled.

PHR: PHR with cl

coursing

coursing
Coursing is a sport in which rabbits or hares are hunted with dogs.
N-UNCOUNT

course

noun

1.

classes

curriculum

lectures

programme

schedule

2.

progression

development

flow

movement

order

progress

sequence

unfolding

3.

route

direction

line

passage

path

road

track

trajectory

way

4.

racecourse

cinder track

circuit

5.

procedure

behaviour

conduct

manner

method

mode

plan

policy

programme

6.

period

duration

lapse

passage

passing

sweep

term

time

of course

7.

naturally

certainly

definitely

indubitably

needless to say

obviously

undoubtedly

without a doubt

verb

8.

run

flow

gush

race

speed

stream

surge

9.

hunt

chase

follow

pursue

course book

course book course books
A course book is a textbook that students and teachers use as the basis of a course.
N-COUNT also coursebook .

course work

course work
Course work is work that students do during a course, rather than in exams, especially work that counts towards a student's final grade.

- Some 20 per cent of marks are awarded for coursework.

N-UNCOUNT also coursework .

court

[D.J.:kɔ:t]

[K.K.:kɔrt, kort]

n.

庭院, 院子

法庭, 法院

宫廷, 宫室

球场

court 1 noun uses *****

1. court courts
A court is a place where legal matters are decided by a judge and jury or by a magistrate.

- At this rate, we could find ourselves in the divorce courts!

- ...a county court judge...

- He was deported on a court order following a conviction for armed robbery.

- The 28-year-old striker was in court last week for breaking a rival player's jaw.

N-COUNT: oft n N, N n, also in/at N

2. court courts
You can refer to the people in a court, especially the judge, jury, or magistrates, as a court .

- A court at Tampa, Florida has convicted five officials on charges of handling millions of dollars earned from illegal drugs deals.

N-COUNT

3. court courts
A court is an area in which you play a game such as tennis, basketball, badminton, or squash.

- The hotel has several tennis and squash courts.

- Graf watched a few of the games while waiting to go on court against Tauziat.

N-COUNT: usu supp N, also on/off N

4. court courts
The court of a king or queen is the place where he or she lives and carries out ceremonial or administrative duties.

- She came to visit England, where she was presented at the court of James I.

- Their family was certainly well regarded at court.

N-COUNT: oft with poss, also at N

5. court
In Britain, Court is used in the names of large houses and blocks of flats.

- ...7 Ivebury Court, Latimer Rd, London W10 6RA.

N-IN-NAMES: n N

6. court
If you go to court or take someone to court , you take legal action against them.

- They have received at least twenty thousand pounds each but had gone to court to demand more.

- ...members of trade associations who want to take bad debtors to court.

PHR: V inflects

7. court
Your day in court is your chance to give your side of an argument or other matter. (mainly AM)

- He knew that this would be his day in court-his last chance to explain why he acted as he did.

- We knew from the very beginning that it was a question of freedom of speech. All we wanted was our day in court.

V PHR

8. court
If someone holds court in a place, they are surrounded by a lot of people who are paying them a lot of attention because they are interesting or famous.

- ...in the days when Marlene Dietrich and Ernest Hemingway held court in the famous El Floridita club.

PHR: V inflects

9. court
If you laugh someone out of court , you say that their opinions or ideas are so ridiculous that they are not worth considering.

- It's easy for a younger generation of critics to laugh Limon out of court.

- Polytechnic lecturers have asked for 12.5 per cent, a claim sure to be laughed out of court.

PHR: V inflects

10. court
If a legal matter is decided or settled out of court , it is decided without legal action being taken in a court of law.

- The Government is anxious to keep the whole case out of court.

- ...a payment of two million pounds in an out of court settlement.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n

court 2 verb uses **

1. court courts courting courted
To court a particular person, group, or country means to try to please them or improve your relations with them, often so that they will do something that you want them to do. (JOURNALISM)

- Both Democratic and Republican parties are courting former supporters of Ross Perot.

- Stars are courted by manufacturers who value their influence on style-conscious fans.

VB
= cultivate

2. court courts courting courted
If you court something such as publicity or popularity, you try to attract it.

- Having spent a lifetime avidly courting publicity, Paul has suddenly become secretive.

- ...his ability to get things done, usually by manipulating, courting favour or cleverly finding a way around opponents.

VB

3. court courts courting courted
If you court something unpleasant such as disaster or unpopularity, you act in a way that makes it likely to happen.

- If he thinks he can remain in power by force he is courting disaster.

- They argue that the commission should risk courting unpopularity and push on with its legislative programmes.

VB
= invite

4. court courts courting courted
If you are courting someone of the opposite sex, you spend a lot of time with them, because you are intending to get married. You can also say that a man and a woman are courting . (OLD-FASHIONED)

- I was courting Billy at 19 and married him when I was 21.

- Derek criticised every aspect of Pauline's behaviour, something he had never done when they were courting.

- ...an isolated spot popular with courting couples.

V-RECIP: usu cont

court

noun

1.

law court

bar

bench

tribunal

2.

courtyard

cloister

piazza

plaza

quad informal

quadrangle

square

yard

3.

palace

hall

manor

4.

royal household

attendants

cortege

entourage

retinue

suite

train

verb

5.

woo

date

go (out) with

run after

serenade

set one's cap at

take out

walk out with

6.

cultivate

curry favour with

fawn upon

flatter

pander to

seek

solicit

7.

invite

attract

bring about

incite

prompt

provoke

seek

courteous

[D.J.:ˈkə:tjəs]

[K.K.:ˈkɚtiəs]

adj.

彬彬有礼的; 客气的

courteously

[D.J.:ˈkɜ:tɪəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkə..tɪəslɪ]

adv.

有礼貌地;亲切地

courteous *

1. courteous
Someone who is courteous is polite and respectful to other people.

- He was a kind and courteous man.

- My friend's reply was courteous but firm.

ADJ-GRADED
= polite ≠ rude

2. courteously

- Then he nodded courteously to me and walked off to perform his unpleasant duty.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

courteous

adjective

polite

affable

attentive

civil

gallant

gracious

refined

respectful

urbane

well-mannered

courtesan

[D.J.:kɔ:tiˈzæn]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrtɪzən, ˈkor-]

n.

(专与高级官员往来的)妓女,情妇

courtesan

courtesan courtesans
In former times, a courtesan was a woman who had sexual relationships with rich and powerful men for money.
N-COUNT

courtesy

[D.J.:ˈkə:tisi]

[K.K.:ˈkɚtɪsi]

n.

谦恭有礼

有礼貌的举止[言词]

courtesy **

1. courtesy
Courtesy is politeness, respect, and consideration for others. (FORMAL)

- ...a gentleman who behaves with the utmost courtesy towards ladies...

- He did not even have the courtesy to reply to my fax.

N-UNCOUNT
= politeness ≠ rudeness

2. courtesy
If you refer to the courtesy of doing something, you are referring to a polite action. (FORMAL)

- By extending the courtesy of a phone call to my clients, I was building a personal relationship with them.

- At least if they're arguing, they're doing you the courtesy of being interested.

N-SING: usu the N of -ing/n

3. courtesy courtesies
Courtesies are polite, conventional things that people say in formal situations. (FORMAL)

- Hugh and John were exchanging faintly barbed courtesies.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= formalities

4. courtesy
Courtesy is used to describe services that are provided free of charge by an organization to its customers, or to the general public.

- A courtesy shuttle bus operates between the hotel and the town.

- ...a courtesy phone.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. courtesy
A courtesy call or a courtesy visit is a formal visit that you pay someone as a way of showing them politeness or respect.

- The President paid a courtesy call on Emperor Akihito.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. courtesy
A courtesy title is a title that someone is allowed to use, although it has no legal or official status.

- Both were accorded the courtesy title of Lady.

- My title, by courtesy only, is the Honourable Amalia Lovell.

N-UNCOUNT: N n, by N

7. courtesy
If something is provided courtesy of someone or by courtesy of someone, they provide it. You often use this expression in order to thank them.

- The waitress brings over some congratulatory glasses of champagne, courtesy of the restaurant.

- Illustrations by courtesy of the National Gallery.

PHR-PREP

8. courtesy
If you say that one thing happens courtesy of another or by courtesy of another, you mean that the second thing causes or is responsible for the first thing.

- The air was fresh, courtesy of three holes in the roof.

- As millions will have seen, by courtesy of the slow motion re-runs, the referee made a mistake.

PHR-PREP

courtesy

noun

1.

politeness

affability

civility

courteousness

gallantry

good manners

graciousness

urbanity

2.

favour

indulgence

kindness

courthouse

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:tˌhaʊs, ˈkəʊrt-]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrtˌhaʊs, ˈkort-]

n.

法院大楼

courthouse *

1. courthouse courthouses
A courthouse is a building in which a court of law meets. (AM; in BRIT use court )
N-COUNT

2. courthouse courthouses
A courthouse is a building used by the government of a county. (AM)
N-COUNT

courtier

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:ti:ə, -tjə, ˈkəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrtiɚ, -tjɚ, ˈkor-]

n.

侍臣;廷臣

courtier *

courtier courtiers
Courtiers were noblemen and women who spent a lot of time at the court of a king or queen.
N-COUNT

courtier

noun

attendant

follower

squire

courtly

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:tli]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrtli, ˈkort-]

adj.

谦和而有威严的

courtly

courtly
You use courtly to describe someone whose behaviour is very polite, often in a rather old-fashioned way. (LITERARY)

- Brian was courtly and reserved.

- The waiter made a courtly bow.

ADJ-GRADED
= gracious

courtly

adjective

ceremonious

chivalrous

dignified

elegant

formal

gallant

polished

refined

stately

urbane

court-martial

[D.J.:ˈk ɔ:tˈm ɑ:ʃəl]

[K.K.:ˈkortˈm ɑrʃəl]

n.

军事法庭

军事法庭审判(或判决)

vt.

以军法审判

court-martial *

1. court-martial
A court-martial is a trial in a military court of a member of the armed forces who is charged with breaking a military law.

- He is due to face a court martial on drugs charges.

- He was arrested, tried by court martial and shot.

N-VAR The spellings court-martialing and court-martialed are used in American English; courts-martial is also used as a plural form for the noun.

2. court-martial court-martials court-martialling court-martialled
If a member of the armed forces is court-martialled , he or she is tried in a military court.

- I was court-martialled and sentenced to six months in a military prison.

VB: usu passive The spellings court-martialing and court-martialed are used in American English; courts-martial is also used as a plural form for the noun.

court of appeal *

court of appeal courts of appeal
A court of appeal is a court which deals with appeals against legal judgements.

- The case is being referred to the Court of Appeal.

N-COUNT (AM) usually court of appeals

court of inquiry

court of inquiry courts of inquiry
A court of inquiry is a group of people who are officially appointed to investigate a serious accident or incident, or an official investigation into a serious accident or incident. (mainly BRIT)

- On January 17, Daniels appointed a court of inquiry to look into the Newport scandal.

- Isherwood was at the court of inquiry to hear the evidence.

N-COUNT

court of law

court of law courts of law
When you refer to a court of law , you are referring to a legal court, especially when talking about the evidence that might be given in a trial.

- We have a witness who would swear to it in a court of law.

N-COUNT

courtroom

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:tru:m]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrtˌrum, -ˌrʊm, ˈkort-]

n.

法庭,审判室

courtroom *

courtroom courtrooms
A courtroom is a room in which a legal court meets.
N-COUNT
= court

courtship

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:tˌʃɪp, ˈkəʊrt-]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrtˌʃɪp, ˈkort-]

n.

求爱期,追求期

courtship *

1. courtship courtships
Courtship is the activity of courting or the time during which a man and a woman are courting. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- They were more interested in courtship and cars than in school.

- After a short courtship, she accepted his marriage proposal.

N-VAR

2. courtship
The courtship of male and female animals is their behaviour before they have sex.

- Courtship is somewhat vocal with a lot of displaying by the male.

- ...elaborate courtship dances.

N-UNCOUNT

court shoe

court shoe court shoes
Court shoes are women's shoes that do not cover the top part of the foot and are usually made of plain leather with no design. (BRIT; in AM use pumps )
N-COUNT

courtyard

[D.J.:ˈkɔ:tjɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈkɔrtˌjɑrd, ˈkort-]

n.

庭院, 院子

courtyard *

courtyard courtyards
A courtyard is an open area of ground which is surrounded by buildings or walls.

- They walked through the arch and into the cobbled courtyard.

N-COUNT

courtyard

noun

yard

enclosure

quad

quadrangle

couscous

[D.J.:ˈku:sku:s,ku:sˈku:s]

[K.K.:ˈkusˌkus]

n.

蒸粗麦粉

couscous

couscous
Couscous is a type of food that is made from crushed steamed wheat, or a dish consisting of this food served with a spicy stew. It is traditionally eaten in North Africa.
N-UNCOUNT

cousin

[ˈkʌzn]

n.

堂[表]兄弟[姊妹]

远亲, 同辈, 同胞

cousin ****

1. cousin cousins
Your cousin is the child of your uncle or aunt.

- My cousin Mark helped me.

- We are cousins.

N-COUNT: oft with poss
= first cousin

See also second cousin .

2. cousin cousins
If you refer to two things or groups of people as cousins , you mean that they are equivalents or that there is a connection between them.

- Whereas West Germans drink wine, their Eastern cousins prefer Schnapps.

- The average European kitchen is smaller than its American cousin.

- ...misanthropy and its cousin racism.

N-COUNT
See also country cousin .

couture

[D.J.:kuˈty:r]

[K.K.:kuˈtʊr, -ˈtjur]

n.

服装设计(师)或其服装店

couture *

couture
Couture is the designing and making of expensive fashionable clothes, or the clothes themselves. (FORMAL)

- ...Christian Lacroix's first Paris couture collection.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n
= haute couture

couturier

[D.J.:kutyrˈje]

[K.K.:kuˈtʊriɚ, -iˌe, -tjurˈje]

n.

女裁缝师,女服设计师

couturier

couturier couturiers
A couturier is a person who designs, makes, and sells expensive, fashionable clothes for women.

- The Paris couturiers showed their collections for winter last week.

N-COUNT
= designer

cove

[D.J.:kəʊv]

[K.K.:kov]

n.

小海湾

<俚>家伙

cove *

cove coves
A cove is a part of a coast where the land curves inwards so that the sea is partly enclosed.

- ...a hillside overlooking Fairview Cove.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

cove

noun

bay

anchorage

inlet

sound

coven

[D.J.:ˈkʌvən]

[K.K.:ˈkʌvən, ˈkovən]

n.

女巫大聚会,十三女巫大集会

coven

coven covens
A coven is a group of witches.
N-COUNT-COLL

covenant

[D.J.:ˈkʌvənənt]

[K.K.:ˈkʌvənənt]

n.

(有法律约束的)协议, 盟约, 公约

(向慈善事业、信托基金会等定期捐款的)契约书

covenant *

1. covenant covenants
A covenant is a formal written agreement between two or more people or groups of people which is recognized in law.

- ...the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

N-COUNT

2. covenant covenants
A covenant is a formal written promise to pay a sum of money each year for a fixed period, especially to a charity. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use pledge )

- If you make regular gifts through a covenant we can reclaim the income tax which you have already paid on this money.

N-COUNT: also by N

covenant

noun

1.

promise

agreement

arrangement

commitment

contract

pact

pledge

verb

2.

promise

agree

contract

pledge

stipulate

undertake

Coventry

[D.J.:ˈkɔvəntri]

[K.K.:ˈkʌvɪntri]

n.

考文垂（英国中部城市）

Coventry

Coventry
If people send you to Coventry , they avoid speaking to you whenever they meet you, as a way of punishing you for something that you have done. (BRIT)
PHR: V inflects
= ostracize

cover

[D.J.:ˈkʌvə]

[K.K.:ˈkʌvɚ]

vt.

覆盖, 遮盖

掩盖

控制, 支配

涉及, 包含

报道

走完

n.

盖子, 套子, 覆盖物

(书等的)封面、封皮

隐藏物, 躲避处

幌子, 伪装

掩蔽, 掩护

(一副)餐具, 餐席(位)

covered

[D.J.:ˈkʌvəd]

[K.K.:ˈkʌvəd]

adj.

大量的

有遮盖物的;(尤指)有顶的

covering

[D.J.:ˈkʌvərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkʌvərɪŋ]

n.

掩蔽物;遮盖物

cover *****

1. cover covers covering covered
If you cover something, you place something else over it in order to protect it, hide it, or close it.

- Cover the casserole with a tight-fitting lid.

- He whimpered and covered his face.

- Keep what's left in a covered container in the fridge.

VB

2. cover covers covering covered
If one thing covers another, it has been placed over it in order to protect it, hide it, or close it.

- His finger went up to touch the black patch which covered his left eye.

- His head was covered with a khaki turban.

VB

3. cover covers covering covered
If one thing covers another, it forms a layer over its surface.

- The clouds had spread and nearly covered the entire sky.

- Two oil slicks are covering a total area of seven square miles.

- The desk was covered with papers.

- I looked in the mirror and saw that my face was covered in blood.

VB

4. -covered

- ...chocolate-covered biscuits.

COMB in ADJ

5. cover covers covering covered
To cover something with or in something else means to put a layer of the second thing over its surface.

- The trees in your garden may have covered the ground with apples, pears or plums.

- She covered the walls with the signs of the zodiac.

VB

6. cover covers covering covered
If you cover a particular distance, you travel that distance.

- It would not be easy to cover ten miles on that amount of petrol.

- It covered the distance in 28 hours compared with the train's six days.

VB

7. cover covers covering covered
To cover someone or something means to protect them from attack, for example by pointing a gun in the direction of people who may attack them, ready to fire the gun if necessary.

- You go first. I'll cover you.

VB

8. cover
Cover is protection from enemy attack that is provided for troops or ships carrying out a particular operation, for example by aircraft.

- They said they could not provide adequate air cover for ground operations.

N-UNCOUNT
= protection

9. cover
Cover is trees, rocks, or other places where you shelter from the weather or from an attack, or hide from someone.

- Charles lit the fuses and they ran for cover.

- ...barren wastes of field with no trees and no cover.

N-UNCOUNT
= shelter

10. cover covers covering covered
An insurance policy that covers a person or thing guarantees that money will be paid by the insurance company in relation to that person or thing.

- Their insurer paid the £900 bill, even though the policy did not strictly cover it.

- These items are not covered by your medical insurance.

- You should take out travel insurance covering you and your family against theft.

VB

11. cover
Insurance cover is a guarantee from an insurance company that money will be paid by them if it is needed.

- Make sure that the firm's insurance cover is adequate.

N-UNCOUNT
= protection

12. cover covers covering covered
If a law covers a particular set of people, things, or situations, it applies to them.

- The law covers four categories of experiments.

- Like any other commodity, pedigree dogs are covered by the Sale of Goods Act.

VB
= deal with

13. cover covers covering covered
If you cover a particular topic, you discuss it in a lecture, course, or book.

- The Oxford Chemistry Primers aim to cover important topics in organic chemistry.

- Other subjects covered included nerves and how to overcome them.

VB
= deal with

14. cover covers covering covered
If journalists, newspapers, or television companies cover an event, they report on it.

- Robinson was sent to Italy to cover the 1990 World Cup.

- The US news media will cover the trial closely.

VB

15. cover covers covering covered
If a sum of money covers something, it is enough to pay for it.

- Send it to the address given with £1.50 to cover postage and administration.

- Those figures might not even cover the cost of breakages.

VB
= pay for

16. cover covers
A cover is something which is put over an object, usually in order to protect it.

- ...a family room with washable covers on the furniture.

- ...a duvet cover.

N-COUNT: oft n N

17. cover covers
The covers on your bed are the things such as sheets and blankets that you have on top of you.

- She set her glass down and slid farther under the covers.

N-PLURAL: usu the N
= bedclothes

18. cover covers
The cover of a book or a magazine is the outside part of it.

- A few years ago, David Byrne was on the cover of Time magazine.

- ...a small spiral-bound booklet with a green cover...

- I used to read every issue from cover to cover.

N-COUNT

19. cover covers
Something that is a cover for secret or illegal activities seems respectable or normal, and is intended to hide the activities.

- They set up a spurious temple that was a cover for sexual debauchery.

- As a cover story he generally tells people he is a freelance photographer.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= front

20. cover covers covering covered
If you cover for someone who is doing something secret or illegal, you give false information or do not give all the information you have, in order to protect them.

- Why would she cover for someone who was trying to kill her?

VB

21. cover covers covering covered
If you cover for someone who is ill or away, you do their work for them while they are not there.

- She did not have enough nurses to cover for those who went ill or took holiday.

VB

22. cover covers covering covered
To cover a song originally performed by someone else means to record a new version of it.

- He must make a decent living from other artists covering his songs.

VB

23. cover covers
A cover is the same as a cover version .

- The single is a cover of an old Rolling Stones song.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

24. cover
To blow someone's cover means to cause their true identity or the true nature of their work to be revealed. (INFORMAL)

- Asking those kind of questions could blow my cover.

- The young man looked embarrassed, as if he were a spy whose cover had been blown.

PHR: V inflects

25. cover
If you break cover , you leave a place where you have been hiding or sheltering from attack, usually in order to run to another place.

- They began running again, broke cover and dashed towards the road.

PHR: V inflects

26. cover
If you take cover , you shelter from gunfire, bombs, or the weather.

- Shoppers took cover behind cars as police marksmen returned fire.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR prep
= shelter

27. cover
If you are under cover , you are under something that protects you from gunfire, bombs, or the weather.

- `Get under cover!' shouted Billy, and we darted once more for the tables.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

28. cover
If you do something under cover of a particular situation, you are able to do it without being noticed because of that situation.

- They move under cover of darkness.

PHR-PREP

covered *

covered
A covered area is an area that has a roof.

- There are 40 shops, cafes and restaurants in a covered mall.

ADJ: ADJ n

covering **

covering coverings
A covering is a layer of something that protects or hides something else.

- Leave a thin covering of fat.

- Sawdust was used as a hygienic floor covering.

N-COUNT

cover

verb

1.

clothe

dress

envelop

put on

wrap

2.

overlay

coat

daub

encase

envelop

3.

submerge

engulf

flood

overrun

wash over

4.

conceal

cloak

disguise

enshroud

hide

mask

obscure

shroud

veil

5.

travel over

cross

pass through or over

traverse

6.

protect

defend

guard

shield

7.

report

describe

investigate

narrate

relate

tell of

write up

noun

8.

covering

canopy

case

coating

envelope

jacket

lid

top

wrapper

9.

disguise

fa¸cade

front

mask

pretext

screen

smoke screen

veil

10.

protection

camouflage

concealment

defence

guard

shelter

shield

11.

insurance

compensation

indemnity

protection

reimbursement

covering

adjective

1.

explanatory

accompanying

descriptive

introductory

noun

2.

cover

blanket

casing

coating

layer

wrapping

cover up *****

1. cover up covers up; covering up; covered up
If you cover something or someone up , you put something over them in order to protect or hide them.

- He fell asleep in the front room so I covered him up with a duvet.

PHR-V

2. cover up covers up; covering up; covered up
If you cover up something that you do not want people to know about, you hide the truth about it.

- He suspects there's a conspiracy to cover up the crime.

- They knew they had done something terribly wrong and lied to cover it up.

- How do we know you're not just covering up for your friend?

PHR-V
See also cover-up .

cover up

verb

conceal

draw a veil over

hide

hush up

suppress

sweep under the carpet

whitewash informal

coverage

[D.J.:ˈkʌvəridʒ]

[K.K.:ˈkʌvərɪdʒ]

n.

新闻报道, 报道量

覆盖范围

coverage ***

coverage
The coverage of something in the news is the reporting of it.

- Now a special TV network gives live coverage of most races.

- Most media coverage disapproves of the travellers' lifestyle and values.

N-UNCOUNT

cover charge

cover charge cover charges
A cover charge is a sum of money that you must pay in some restaurants and nightclubs in addition to the money that you pay there for your food and drink.
N-COUNT: usu sing

covered wagon

covered wagon covered wagons
A covered wagon is a wagon that has an arched canvas roof and is pulled by horses. Covered wagons were used by the early American settlers as they travelled across the country.
N-COUNT

cover girl

cover girl cover girls
A cover girl is an attractive woman whose photograph appears on the front of a magazine.
N-COUNT

covering letter

covering letter covering letters
A covering letter is a letter that you send with a parcel or with another letter in order to provide extra information.
N-COUNT

coverlet

[D.J.:ˈkʌvəlɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkʌvəlɪt]

n.

床罩

coverlet

coverlet coverlets
A coverlet is the same as a bedspread . (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

covert

[D.J.:ˈkʌvət, ˈkəʊvət, kəʊˈvɜ:t]

[K.K.:ˈkʌvət, ˈkovət, koˈvə..t]

adj.

隐蔽的;不公开的;秘密的

covertly

adv.

偷偷摸摸地

covert *

1. covert
Covert activities or situations are secret or hidden. (FORMAL)

- They have been supplying covert military aid to the rebels.

- The depth of covert racism in my own profession frightens me.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ overt

2. covertly

- They covertly observed Lauren, who was sitting between Ned and Algie at a nearby table.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v
≠ overtly

3. covert coverts
A covert is a group of small trees or bushes very close to each other where small animals or game birds can hide.
N-COUNT

cover-up

[D.J.:ˈkʌvəˌʌp]

[K.K.:ˈkʌvɚˌʌp]

n.

掩饰,隐蔽

cover-up *

cover-up cover-ups
A cover-up is an attempt to hide a crime or mistake.

- General Schwarzkopf denied there'd been any cover-up.

N-COUNT (AM) also coverup
= whitewash

cover-up

noun

concealment

complicity

conspiracy

front

smoke screen

whitewash informal

cover version *

cover version cover versions
A cover version of a song is a version of it recorded by a singer or band who did not originally perform the song.

- ...a new album of Cole Porter cover versions.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= cover

covet

[D.J.:ˈkʌvɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkʌvɪt]

vt. & vi.

贪求;觊觎

covetable

adj.

值得渴望的

covetable

可羡慕的,值得渴望的

covet

covet covets coveting coveted
If you covet something, you strongly want to have it for yourself. (FORMAL)

- She coveted his job so openly that conversations between them were tense.

VB
= desire

coveted *

coveted
You use coveted to describe something that very many people would like to have.

- Allan Little from Radio 4 took the coveted title of reporter of the year.

- ...one of sport's most coveted trophies.

- ...a supply of highly coveted hard currency.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

covet

verb

long for

aspire to

crave

desire

envy

lust after

set one's heart on

yearn for

covetous

[D.J.:ˈkʌvɪtəs]

[K.K.:ˈkʌvɪtəs]

adj.

<贬>贪婪的,垂涎的

covetous

covetous
A covetous person has a strong desire to possess something, especially something that belongs to another person. (FORMAL)

- Even here a red Lamborghini Diablo sports car attracts covetous stares.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

covetous

adjective

envious

acquisitive

avaricious

close-fisted

grasping

greedy

jealous

rapacious

yearning

covey

[D.J.:ˈkʌvi]

[K.K.:ˈkʌvi]

n.

一小群鹧鸪

covey

covey coveys
A covey of grouse or partridges is a small group of them.
N-COUNT: oft N of n

cow

[D.J.:kau]

[K.K.:kaʊ]

n.

母牛

cow ***

1. cow cows
A cow is a large female animal that is kept on farms for its milk. People sometimes refer to male and female animals of this species as cows .

- He kept a few dairy cows.

- Dad went out to milk the cows.

- ...a herd of cows.

N-COUNT
See also cattle .

2. cow cows
Some female animals, including elephants and whales, are called cows .

- ...a cow elephant.

N-COUNT: oft N n

3. cow cows
If someone describes a woman as a cow , they dislike her and think that she is unpleasant or stupid. (INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT disapproval

4. cow cows cowing cowed
If someone is cowed , they are made afraid, or made to behave in a particular way because they have been frightened or badly treated. (FORMAL)

- The government, far from being cowed by these threats, has vowed to continue its policy.

- ...cowing them into submission.

VB
= intimidate

5. cowed

- By this time she was so cowed by the beatings that she meekly obeyed.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ by n

6. cow
If you say that someone can do something until the cows come home , but it will have no effect, you are emphasizing that it will have no effect even if they do it for a very long time. (INFORMAL)

- You can initiate policies until the cows come home, but unless they're monitored at a senior level, you won't get results.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

coward

[ˈkauəd]

n.

胆小鬼, 懦夫

coward *

coward cowards
If you call someone a coward , you disapprove of them because they are easily frightened and avoid dangerous or difficult situations.

- She accused her husband of being a coward.

N-COUNT disapproval

coward

noun

wimp informal

chicken slang

scaredy-cat informal

yellow-belly slang

cowardice

[D.J.:ˈkaʊədɪs]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊədɪs]

n.

懦弱,胆怯

cowardice

cowardice
Cowardice is cowardly behaviour.

- He openly accused his opponents of cowardice.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ bravery courage

cowardice

noun

faint-heartedness

fearfulness

spinelessness

weakness

cowardly

[D.J.:ˈkaʊədli:]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊədli]

adj.

胆小的;怯懦的;(似)胆小的

cowardliness

n.

胆小;怯懦

cowardly *

cowardly
If you describe someone as cowardly , you disapprove of them because they are easily frightened and avoid doing dangerous and difficult things.

- I was too cowardly to complain.

- ...a cowardly act of violence.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ brave courageous

cowardly

adjective

faint-hearted

chicken slang

craven

fearful

scared

soft

spineless

timorous

weak

yellow informal

cowbell

[D.J.:ˈkaubel]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊˌbɛl]

n.

母牛的颈铃

cowbell

cowbell cowbells
A cowbell is a small bell that is hung around a cow's neck so that the ringing sound makes it possible to find the cow.
N-COUNT

cowboy

[D.J.:ˈkaʊˌbɔɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊˌbɔɪ]

n.

牧牛工,牛仔

<口>冒失鬼，胡闹的家伙

<口>(尤指无能的)缺德的商人,肆无忌惮的商人

cowboy **

1. cowboy cowboys
A cowboy is a male character in a western.

- Boys used to play at cowboys and Indians.

- ...cowboy films.

N-COUNT

2. cowboy cowboys
A cowboy is a man employed to look after cattle in North America, especially in former times.
N-COUNT

3. cowboy cowboys
You can refer to someone who runs a business as a cowboy if they run it dishonestly or are not experienced, skilful, or careful in their work. (BRIT)

- We don't want to look like a bunch of cowboys.

- Fortunately, such cowboy firms are becoming rarer.

N-COUNT: oft N n disapproval
≠ professional

cowboy

noun

cowhand

cattleman

drover

gaucho S. American

herdsman

rancher

stockman

cower

[D.J.:ˈkaʊə]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊɚ]

vi.

畏缩,抖缩

cower

cower cowers cowering cowered
If you cower , you bend forward and downwards because you are very frightened.

- The hostages cowered in their seats.

VB

cower

verb

cringe

draw back

flinch

grovel

quail

shrink

tremble

cowhide

[D.J.:ˈkaʊˌhaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊˌhaɪd]

n.

牛皮

cowhide

cowhide
Cowhide is leather made from the skin of a cow.

- ...cowhide boots.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

cowl

[D.J.:kaul]

[K.K.:kaʊl]

n.

蒙头斗篷,连有头巾的修道士服,(烟囱顶上的)通风帽

cowl

cowl cowls
A cowl is a large loose hood covering a person's head, or their head and shoulders. Cowls are worn especially by monks.
N-COUNT

co-worker

[D.J.:ˈkəʊˌwɜ:kə]

[K.K.:ˈkoˌwə..kɚ]

n.

共同工作者;同事;帮手

co-worker

co-worker co-workers
Your co-workers are the people you work with, especially people on the same job or project as you.
N-COUNT
= colleague

cowpat

n.

牛粪堆

cowpat

cowpat cowpats
A cowpat is a pile of faeces from a cow.
N-COUNT also cow pat .

cowshed

[D.J.:ˈkauʃed]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊˌʃed]

n.

牛棚,牛舍

cowshed

cowshed cowsheds
A cowshed is a building where cows are kept or milked.
N-COUNT

cowslip

[D.J.:ˈkauslip]

[K.K.:ˈkaʊˌslɪp]

n.

黄花九轮草

cowslip

cowslip cowslips
A cowslip is a small wild plant with yellow, sweet-smelling flowers.
N-COUNT

cox

[D.J.:kɔks]

[K.K.:kɑks]

n.

舵手

v.

做舵手

cox

cox coxes
In a rowing boat, the cox is the person who gives instructions to the rowers.
N-COUNT

coxswain

[D.J.:ˈkɔkswein,ˈkɔksn]

[K.K.:ˈkɑksən, -ˌswen]

n.

艇长,舵手

coxswain

coxswain coxswains
The coxswain of a lifeboat or other small boat is the person who steers the boat.
N-COUNT

coy

[D.J.:kɔɪ]

[K.K.:kɔɪ]

adj.

假装害羞的;忸怩作态的;故作谦虚的

不肯明说的;不肯作答的;含糊其辞的

coyly

adv.

害羞地,羞怯地

coyness

n.

怕羞,羞怯

coy *

1. coy
A coy person is shy, or pretends to be shy, about love and sex.

- She is modest without being coy.

- I was sickened by the way Carol charmed all the men by turning coy.

ADJ-GRADED
= demure

2. coyly

- She smiled coyly at Algie as he took her hand and raised it to his lips.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. coyness

- The public may once have liked her, but her coyness and flirting now interfere with her interviews.

N-UNCOUNT

4. coy
If someone is being coy , they are unwilling to talk about something that they feel guilty or embarrassed about.

- The hotel are understandably coy about the incident.

- Mr Alexander is not the slightest bit coy about his ambitions.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n
= reticent

5. coyly

- The administration coyly refused to put a firm figure on the war's costs.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

6. coyness

- ...their coyness about financial aid.

N-UNCOUNT
= reticence

coy

adjective

shy

bashful

demure

modest

reserved

retiring

shrinking

timid

coyote

[D.J.:kaɪˈəʊti:, ˈkaɪˌəʊt]

[K.K.:kaɪˈoti, ˈkaɪˌot]

n.

郊狼(北美洲西部原野上的小狼)

coyote

coyote coyotes
A coyote is a small wolf which lives in the plains of North America.
N-COUNT

coypu

[D.J.:ˈkɔipu:]

[K.K.:ˈkɔɪpu]

n.

南美洲产的一种水栖动物,此动物的皮

coypu

coypu coypus
A coypu is a large South American rodent which lives near water.
N-COUNT

Cpl

abbr.

Corporal 下士

Cpl

abbr.

Corporal 下士

Cpl

Cpl
Cpl . is the written abbreviation for corporal when it is used as a title.

- ...Cpl. G. Walker.

N-TITLE

CPU

n.

中央处理器

CPU

CPU CPUs
In a computer, the CPU is the part that processes all the data and makes the computer work. CPU is an abbreviation for `central processing unit'.
N-COUNT

crab

[D.J.:kræb]

[K.K.:kræb]

n.

蟹

crab *

1. crab crabs
A crab is a sea creature with a flat round body covered by a shell, and five pairs of legs with large claws on the front pair. Crabs usually move sideways.
N-COUNT

2. crab
Crab is the flesh of this creature eaten as food.
N-UNCOUNT

crab apple

crab apple crab apples
A crab apple is a tree like an apple tree that produces small sour fruit.
N-COUNT

crabby

[D.J.:ˈkræbi]

[K.K.:ˈkræbi]

adj.

执拗的,暴躁的

crabby

crabby
Someone who is crabby is bad-tempered and unpleasant to people. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED

crabmeat

crabmeat
Crabmeat is the part of a crab that you eat.
N-UNCOUNT also crab meat .

crack

[D.J.:kræk]

[K.K.:kræk]

vt. & vi.

(使…)开裂, 破裂

(使)身体上或精神上垮掉

打开, 砸开

(使)发出爆裂声

n.

裂缝, 缝隙

劈叭声, 爆裂声

意外的一下重击

试图, 尝试

俏皮话

cracked

[D.J.:krækt]

[K.K.:krækt]

adj.

有裂缝的

声音沙哑的

疯了的, 有怪念头的

cracking

[D.J.:ˈkrækiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkrækɪŋ]

adj.

极快的; 出色的

crack 1 verb uses ***

1. crack cracks cracking cracked
If something hard cracks , or if you crack it, it becomes slightly damaged, with lines appearing on its surface.

- A gas main had cracked under my neighbour's garage and gas had seeped into our homes.

- Remove the dish from the oven, crack the salt crust and you will find the skin just peels off the fish.

V-ERG

2. crack cracks cracking cracked
If something cracks , or if you crack it, it makes a sharp sound like the sound of a piece of wood breaking.

- Thunder cracked in the sky.

- He cracked his fingers nervously.

V-ERG

3. crack cracks cracking cracked
If you crack a hard part of your body, such as your knee or your head, you hurt it by accidentally hitting it hard against something.

- He cracked his head on the pavement and was knocked cold.

VB
= bang bash

4. crack cracks cracking cracked
When you crack something that has a shell, such as an egg or a nut, you break the shell in order to reach the inside part.

- Crack the eggs into a bowl.

VB
= break

5. crack cracks cracking cracked
If you crack a problem or a code, you solve it, especially after a lot of thought.

- He has finally cracked the system after years of painstaking research.

VB

6. crack cracks cracking cracked
If someone cracks , they lose control of their emotions or actions because they are under a lot of pressure. (INFORMAL)

- She's calm and strong, and she is just not going to crack.

- I had the conviction Larkin's nerve would crack and he'd squeeze the trigger in a reflex action.

- European Community countries are showing signs of cracking under intense pressure from the United States.

VB

7. crack cracks cracking cracked
If your voice cracks when you are speaking or singing, it changes in pitch because you are feeling a strong emotion.

- Her voice cracked and she began to cry.

VB

8. crack cracks cracking cracked
If you crack a joke, you tell it.

- He drove a Volkswagen, cracked jokes, and talked about beer and girls.

VB

9. crack
If you say that something is not all it's cracked up to be , you mean that it is not as good as other people have said it is. (INFORMAL)

- Package holidays are not always all they're cracked up to be.

PHR: V inflects

crack 2 noun and adjective uses **

1. crack cracks
A crack is a very narrow gap between two things, or between two parts of a thing.

- Kathryn had seen him through a crack in the curtains.

N-COUNT
= chink

2. crack
If you open something such as a door, window, or curtain a crack , you open it only a small amount.

- He went to the door, opened it a crack, and listened.

N-SING

3. crack cracks
A crack is a line that appears on the surface of something when it is slightly damaged.

- The plate had a crack in it.

- Hundreds of office buildings and homes developed large cracks in walls and ceilings.

N-COUNT

4. crack
A crack is a sharp sound, like the sound of a piece of wood breaking.

- Suddenly there was a loud crack and glass flew into the car.

- `Crack!' -- The first shot rang out, dropping Paolo.

N-COUNT; SOUND

5. crack
If you have or take a crack at something, you make an attempt to do or achieve something. (INFORMAL)

- I should love to have a crack at the Olympia title in my last year.

- She decided to head for the dormitory to take another crack at locating Blanche.

N-SING: N at n/-ing
= go shot

6. crack cracks
A crack is a slightly rude or cruel joke.

- When Paul made the crack about the `famous girl detective', I began to suspect that he had it in for you.

N-COUNT
= jibe

7. crack
Crack is a very pure form of the drug cocaine.
N-UNCOUNT
See also crack cocaine .

8. crack
A crack soldier or sportsman is highly trained and very skilful.

- ...a crack undercover police officer...

- He is said to be a crack shot, despite weak vision in one eye.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

9. crack
If you say that someone does something at the crack of dawn , you are emphasizing that they do it very early in the morning.

- I often start work at the crack of dawn when there is a big order to get out.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

10. crack
If you paper over the cracks , you try to hide all the things that are wrong with something. (mainly BRIT)

- The meeting was stormy, and the two sides managed only to paper over the cracks on some issues.

PHR: V inflects

11. crack
If you get a fair crack of the whip , you are allowed a reasonable opportunity to succeed at something. (BRIT; INFORMAL)

- None of them is expecting any favours, just a fair crack of the whip.

PHR: PHR after v

cracked *

1. cracked
An object that is cracked has lines on its surface because it is damaged.

- The ceiling was grey and cracked.

- ...a cracked mirror.

ADJ-GRADED

2. cracked
A cracked voice or a cracked musical note sounds rough and unsteady.

- When he spoke, his voice was hoarse and cracked.

ADJ-GRADED

3. cracked
If you say that someone is cracked , you think that their behaviour or ideas are very strange. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= crazy

cracking *

1. cracking
You use cracking to describe something you think is very good or exciting. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- It's a cracking novel.

- The way Liverpool play, and the way we play, I think it will be a cracking game.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= great brilliant

2. cracking
If you tell someone to get cracking , you are telling them to start doing something immediately. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Mark, you'd better get cracking, the sooner the better.

- Vouchers must be redeemed before September 14th so you'd better get cracking to cash in.

PHR: get inflects

3. cracking
If you say that someone or something is moving at a cracking pace , you mean that they are moving very quickly. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She set off at a cracking pace to Mr Ramzan's Superstore.

- The film belts along at a cracking pace.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

crack

verb

1.

break

burst

cleave

fracture

snap

splinter

split

2.

snap

burst

crash

detonate

explode

pop

ring

3.

give in

break down

collapse

give way

go to pieces

lose control

succumb

yield

4.

hit

clip informal

clout informal

cuff

slap

smack

whack

5.

solve

decipher

fathom

get the answer to

work out

noun

6.

snap

burst

clap

crash

explosion

pop

report

7.

break

chink

cleft

cranny

crevice

fissure

fracture

gap

rift

8.

blow

clip informal

clout informal

cuff

slap

smack

whack

9.

joke

dig

funny remark

gag informal

jibe

quip

wisecrack

witticism

adjective

10.

first-class

ace

choice

elite

excellent

first-rate

hand-picked

superior

world-class

cracked

adjective

broken

chipped

damaged

defective

faulty

flawed

imperfect

split

crack down ***

crack down cracks down; cracking down; cracked down
If people in authority crack down on a group of people, they become stricter in making the group obey rules or laws.

- The government has cracked down hard on those campaigning for greater democracy.

- There has been a lot of drinking. We are cracking down now. Anyone who gets caught is fired.

PHR-V
= clamp down

See also crackdown .

crack up ***

1. crack up cracks up; cracking up; cracked up
If someone cracks up , they are under such a lot of emotional strain that they become mentally ill. (INFORMAL)

- She would have cracked up if she hadn't allowed herself some fun.

PHR-V
= go to pieces

2. crack up cracks up; cracking up; cracked up
If you crack up or if someone or something cracks you up , you laugh a lot. (INFORMAL)

- She told stories that cracked me up and I swore to write them down so you could enjoy them too.

- We all just cracked up laughing.

PHR-V

crack cocaine

crack cocaine
Crack cocaine is a form of the drug cocaine which has been purified and made into crystals.
N-UNCOUNT also crack-cocaine
= crack

crackdown

[D.J.:ˈkrækˌdaʊn]

[K.K.:ˈkrækˌdaʊn]

n.

压迫,镇压,打击

crackdown **

crackdown crackdowns
A crackdown is strong official action that is taken to punish people who break laws.

- ...anti-government unrest that ended with the violent army crackdown.

N-COUNT
= clampdown

crackdown

noun Slang

suppression

clampdown

crushing

repression

cracker

[D.J.:ˈkrækə]

[K.K.:ˈkrækɚ]

n.

薄脆饼干

爆竹; 鞭炮

迷人的姑娘; 有魅力的女子

crackers

[D.J.:ˈkrækəz]

[K.K.:ˈkrækəz]

adj.

精神错乱的,癫狂的

cracker *

1. cracker crackers
A cracker is a thin, crisp biscuit which is often eaten with cheese.
N-COUNT

2. cracker crackers
If you say that someone or something is a cracker , you like and admire them very much. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She's a cracker.

- `Dude' is a cracker of an album.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

3. cracker crackers
A cracker is a hollow cardboard tube covered with coloured paper. Crackers make a loud noise when they are pulled apart and usually contain a small toy and a paper hat. In Britain they are used mainly at Christmas.

- ...a Christmas cracker.

N-COUNT

4. cracker
If you say that someone is crackers , you think they are crazy or are behaving as if they are crazy. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- They looked at her as though she was crackers.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
= mad nuts

crackle

[D.J.:ˈkrækəl]

[K.K.:ˈkrækəl]

vi.

发出轻微的爆裂声;发出噼啪声

crackled

[ˈkrækld]

adj.

有裂痕的,有脆皮的

crackles

湿啰音

crackling

[D.J.:ˈkræklɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkræklɪŋ]

n.

轻微的爆裂声;噼啪声

(烤猪肉的)脆皮

crackle *

1. crackle crackles crackling crackled
If something crackles , it makes a rapid series of short, harsh noises.

- The radio crackled again.

- ...a crackling fire.

VB

2. crackle crackles
Also a noun.

- ...the crackle of flames and gunfire.

N-COUNT

crackly

[D.J.:ˈkrækli]

[K.K.:ˈkrækli]

adj.

容易破裂的

crackly

crackly
Something that is crackly , especially a recording or broadcast, has or makes a lot of short, harsh noises.

- ...the crackly sound of a wind-up gramophone.

- ...a crackly phone line.

ADJ-GRADED

crackpot

[D.J.:ˈkrækpɔt]

[K.K.:ˈkrækˌpɑt]

n.

怪人, 狂人

crackpot

1. crackpot
If you describe someone or their ideas as crackpot , you disapprove of them because you think that their ideas are strange and crazy. (INFORMAL)

- ...a crackpot millionaire.

- ...crackpot schemes.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

2. crackpot crackpots
A crackpot is a crackpot person.

- She was no more a crackpot than the rest of us.

N-COUNT
= nutter

cradle

[D.J.:ˈkreidl]

[K.K.:ˈkredl]

n.

摇篮

发源地, 发祥地

吊架, 支架, 吊篮

婴儿时期

vt.

将…置于摇篮中

cradling

[ˈkreidliŋ]

n.

摇篮,保育

cradle *

1. cradle cradles
A cradle is a baby's bed with high sides. Cradles often have curved bases so that they rock from side to side.
N-COUNT
= crib

2. cradle cradles
The cradle is the part of a telephone on which the receiver rests while it is not being used.

- I dropped the receiver back in the cradle.

N-COUNT

3. cradle cradles
A cradle is a frame which supports or protects something.

- He fixed the towing cradle round the hull.

N-COUNT

4. cradle cradles
A place that is referred to as the cradle of something is the place where it began.

- Mali is the cradle of some of Africa's richest civilizations.

- ...New York, the cradle of capitalism.

N-COUNT: usu sing, the N of n

5. cradle cradles cradling cradled
If you cradle someone or something in your arms or hands, you hold them carefully and gently.

- I cradled her in my arms.

- He was sitting at the big table cradling a large bowl of milky coffee.

VB

6. cradle
If something affects you from the cradle to the grave , it affects you throughout your life.

- The bond of brotherhood was one to last from the cradle to the grave.

PHR: PHR after v

cradle

noun

1.

crib

bassinet

cot

Moses basket

2.

birthplace

beginning

fount

fountainhead

origin

source

spring

wellspring

verb

3.

hold

lull

nestle

nurse

rock

support

craft

[D.J.:krɑ:ft]

[K.K.:kræft]

n.

工艺, 手艺

行业, 职业

诡计, 手腕

小船, 船

飞机, 飞船

craft ***

1. craft
You can refer to a boat, a spacecraft, or an aircraft as a craft .

- With great difficulty, the fisherman manoeuvred his small craft close to the reef.

- The troops are reported to have advanced nearly four miles since they were landed from naval craft on Sunday evening.

N-COUNT craft is both the singular and the plural form
See also landing craft .

2. craft crafts
A craft is an activity such as weaving, carving, or pottery that involves making things skilfully with your hands.

- ...the arts and crafts of the North American Indians...

- All kinds of traditional craft industries are preserved here.

N-COUNT

3. craft crafts
You can use craft to refer to any activity or job that involves doing something skilfully.

- ...the craft of writing...

- Maurice Murphy, one of the country's leading classical trumpeters, learnt his craft with the Black Dyke Mills band.

N-COUNT

4. craft crafts crafting crafted
If something is crafted , it is made skilfully.

- The windows would probably have been crafted in the latter part of the Middle Ages.

- Many delegates were willing to craft a compromise.

- The author extracts the maximum from every carefully-crafted scene in this witty tale.

- ...original, hand-crafted bags at affordable prices.

VB

craft

noun

1.

occupation

business

employment

handicraft

pursuit

trade

vocation

work

2.

skill

ability

aptitude

art

artistry

expertise

ingenuity

know-how informal

technique

workmanship

3.

vessel

aircraft

boat

plane

ship

spacecraft

craft fair

craft fair craft fairs
A craft fair is an event at which people sell goods they have made.
N-COUNT

craftsman

[D.J.:ˈkræftsmən]

[K.K.:ˈkræftsmən]

n.

工匠;手艺人

craftsmanship

n.

技术,技艺

craftsmanship

[D.J.:ˈkrɑ:ftsmənʃɪp]

[K.K.: ˈkræftsmənˌʃɪp]

n.

技巧;技术

craftsman *

craftsman craftsmen
A craftsman is a man who makes things skilfully with his hands.

- The table in the kitchen was made by a local craftsman.

N-COUNT

craftsman

noun

skilled worker

artisan

maker

master

smith

technician

wright

craftsmanship *

1. craftsmanship
Craftsmanship is the skill that someone uses when they make beautiful things with their hands.

- It is easy to appreciate the craftsmanship of Armani.

N-UNCOUNT

2. craftsmanship
Craftsmanship is the quality that something has when it is beautiful and has been very carefully made.

- His canoes are known for their style, fine detail and craftsmanship.

N-UNCOUNT

craftsmanship

noun

workmanship

artistry

expertise

mastery

technique

craftspeople

craftspeople
Craftspeople are people who make things skilfully with their hands.

- ...highly skilled craftspeople.

N-PLURAL

craftswoman

[D.J.:ˈkrɑ:ftsˌwumən]

[K.K.:ˈkræftsˌwʊmən]

n.

女工匠,女手艺人,女工艺师

craftswoman

craftswoman craftswomen
A craftswoman is a woman who makes things skilfully with her hands.
N-COUNT

craftily

adv.

狡猾地

craftiness

n.

狡猾

crafty

[D.J.:ˈkræfti:]

[K.K.:ˈkræfti]

adj.

狡猾的,狡诈的

craftily

adv.

狡猾地,狡诈地

craftiness

n.

狡猾,狡诈

crafty *

1. crafty craftier craftiest
If you describe someone as crafty , you mean that they achieve what they want in a clever way, often by deceiving people.

- ...a crafty, lying character who enjoys plotting against others...

- A crafty look came to his eyes.

- That was my crafty little plan.

ADJ-GRADED
= cunning

2. craftily

- The government has craftily put up all the hidden taxes.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

crafty

adjective

cunning

artful

calculating

devious

sharp

shrewd

sly

subtle

wily

crag

[D.J.:kræg]

[K.K.:kræɡ]

n.

悬崖, 峭壁

crag

crag crags
A crag is a steep rocky cliff or part of a mountain.
N-COUNT

crag

noun

rock

bluff

peak

pinnacle

tor

craggy

[D.J.:ˈkrægi:]

[K.K.:ˈkræɡi]

adj.

陡峭的;崎岖的;多岩石的

craggy

1. craggy
A craggy cliff or mountain is steep and rocky.

- ...tiny villages on craggy cliffs.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. craggy
A craggy face has large features and deep lines.

- He's a very small man with a lined, craggy face.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

craic

craic
If you are talking about something that you did and you say `the craic was great', or `it was a good craic ', you mean that you had a really good time, especially because everyone was talking, joking, and laughing. (INFORMAL, IRISH)

- I have enjoyed every minute. The craic has been great.

- They go to the pubs not for the drink alone, but for the crack.

N-SING (BRIT) also crack

cram

[kræm]

vt.

塞入, 填塞

塞满

(为考试而)死记硬背功课, 临时准备应考

vi.

(为考试而)死记硬背

crammed

[D.J.:kræmd]

[K.K.:kræmd]

adj.

塞满的;挤满的

cramming

n.

塞满,填鸭式的用功

cram *

1. cram crams cramming crammed
If you cram things or people into a container or place, you put them into it, although there is hardly enough room for them.

- While nobody was looking, she squashed her school hat and crammed it into a wastebasket.

- I crammed my bag full of swimsuits and T-shirts and caught the sleeper down to Beziers.

- She crammed her mouth with caviar.

VB
= stuff

2. cram crams cramming crammed
If people cram into a place or vehicle or cram a place or vehicle, so many of them enter it at one time that it is completely full.

- We crammed into my car and set off.

- Friends and admirers crammed the chapel at the small Los Angeles cemetery where Monroe is buried.

VB
= pack

3. cram crams cramming crammed
If you cram a hat on, you put it on, especially in a hurry.

- I crammed on my cap again, helped the Duke up and tried to dust him off.

VB

4. cram crams cramming crammed
If you are cramming for an examination, you are learning as much as possible in a short time just before you take the examination.

- She was cramming for her Economics exam.

- It would take two or three months of cramming to prepare for Vermont's bar exam.

VB

crammed *

1. crammed
If a place is crammed with things or people, it is full of them, so that there is hardly room for anything or anyone else.

- The house is crammed with priceless furniture and works of art.

- Living in a divided city crammed with foreign soldiers is not a matter we joke about.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with/full of n
= bursting packed

2. crammed
If people or things are crammed into a place or vehicle, it is full of them.

- Between two and three thousand refugees were crammed into the church buildings.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep/adv
= packed

cram

verb

1.

stuff

compress

force

jam

pack in

press

shove

squeeze

2.

overeat

glut

gorge

satiate

stuff

3.

study

bone up informal

mug up slang

revise

swot

crammer

[ˈkræmə]

n.

填鸭式主义的教师,谎言

crammer

crammer crammers
A crammer is a school, teacher, or book which prepares students for an exam by teaching them a lot in a short time. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

cramp

[D.J.:kræmp]

[K.K.:kræmp]

n.

(肌肉)痉挛, 抽筋

vt.

夹紧, 压紧

约束, 限制

cramp *

1. cramp
Cramp is a sudden strong pain caused by a muscle suddenly contracting. You sometimes get cramp in a muscle after you have been making a physical effort over a long period of time.

- Hillsden was complaining of cramp in his calf muscles.

- ...muscle cramp...

- She started getting stomach cramps this morning.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. cramp
If someone or something cramps your style , their presence or existence restricts your behaviour in some way. (INFORMAL)

- Like more and more women, she believes wedlock would cramp her style.

PHR: V inflects

cramp

noun

spasm

ache

contraction

convulsion

pain

pang

stitch

twinge

cramp

verb

restrict

constrain

hamper

handicap

hinder

impede

inhibit

obstruct

cramped

[D.J.:kræmpt]

[K.K.:kræmpt]

adj.

狭窄的

(字迹)挤在一起的

痉挛的；麻痹的，麻木的

cramped *

cramped
A cramped room or building is not big enough for the people or things in it.

- There are hundreds of families living in cramped conditions on the floor of the airport lounge.

- In later years he lived in a rather cramped little flat in Bristol.

ADJ-GRADED
= confined ≠ spacious

cramped

adjective

closed in

confined

congested

crowded

hemmed in

overcrowded

packed

uncomfortable

crampon

[D.J.:ˈkræmpən]

[K.K.:ˈkræmˌpɑn, -pən]

n.

鞋底钉,铁钩,攀登用鞋底钉

crampon

crampon crampons
Crampons are metal plates with spikes underneath which mountain climbers fasten to the bottom of their boots, especially when there is snow or ice, in order to make climbing easier.
N-COUNT: usu pl

cranberry

[D.J.:ˈkrænbəri]

[K.K.:ˈkrænˌbɛri]

n.

〈植〉越橘

cranberry *

cranberry cranberries
Cranberries are red berries with a sour taste. They are often used to make a sauce or jelly that you eat with meat.
N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N n

crane

[D.J.:krein]

[K.K.:kren]

n.

鹤

起重机, 吊车

vt. & vi.

伸长, 探头

crane **

1. crane cranes
A crane is a large machine that moves heavy things by lifting them in the air.

- The little prefabricated hut was lifted away by a huge crane.

N-COUNT

2. crane cranes
A crane is a kind of large bird with a long neck and long legs.
N-COUNT

3. crane cranes craning craned
If you crane your neck or head, you stretch your neck in a particular direction in order to see or hear something better.

- She craned her neck to get a better view.

- Children craned to get close to him.

- She craned forward to look at me.

VB

cranefly

大蚊,蚊姥;〈美〉盲蜘蛛

cranefly

cranefly craneflies
A cranefly is a harmless flying insect with long legs.
N-COUNT also crane fly .
= daddy longlegs

cranial

[D.J.:ˈkreinjəl]

[K.K.:ˈkreniəl]

adj.

头盖的,头盖形的

cranial

cranial
Cranial means relating to your cranium. (TECHNICAL)

- ...cranial bleeding.

ADJ: ADJ n

crania

[D.J.:ˈkreiniə]

[K.K.:ˈkreniə]

n.

头盖骨

cranium

[D.J.:ˈkreinjəm]

[K.K.:ˈkreniəm]

n.

头盖,头盖骨

cranium

cranium craniums or crania
Your cranium is the round part of your skull that contains your brain. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

crank

[D.J.:kræŋk]

[K.K.:kræŋk]

n.

思想奇怪的人

cranked

adj.

有曲柄的

cranking

摇动,起动,开动

crank *

1. crank cranks
If you call someone a crank , you think their ideas or behaviour are strange. (INFORMAL)

- The Prime Minister called Councillor Marshall `a crank'.

- He looked like a crank.

N-COUNT disapproval
= nutter crackpot

2. crank cranks
A crank is a device that you turn in order to make something move.
N-COUNT

3. crank cranks cranking cranked
If you crank an engine or machine, you make it move or function, especially by turning a handle.

- The chauffeur got out to crank the motor.

VB

crank out *

crank out cranks out; cranking out; cranked out
If you say that a company or person cranks out a quantity of similar things, you mean they produce them quickly, in the same way, and are usually implying that the things are not original or are of poor quality. (INFORMAL)

- In 1933 the studio cranked out fifty-five feature films.

- The writer must have cranked it out in his lunch-hour.

PHR-V disapproval
= turn out

crank up *

1. crank up cranks up; cranking up; cranked up
If you crank up a machine or a device, you make it function harder or at a greater level. (BRIT)

- Just crank up your hearing aid a peg or two.

PHR-V

2. crank up cranks up; cranking up; cranked up
If you crank up a machine or device, you start it. (AM)

- ...May's warm weather, which caused Americans to crank up their air conditioners.

PHR-V
= start up

3. crank up cranks up; cranking up; cranked up
If you crank up the volume of something, you turn it up until it is very loud.

- Someone cranked up the volume of the public address system.

- By about six, they're cranking the music up loud again.

PHR-V
= turn up

4. crank up cranks up; cranking up; cranked up
To crank something up means to increase it or make it more intense. (mainly BRIT)

- The incident that cranked up the fear was the murder of Brian Smith.

- The legal authorities cranked up the investigation.

PHR-V

crankshaft

[D.J.:ˈkræŋkʃɑ:ft]

[K.K.:ˈkræŋkˌʃæft]

n.

机轴

crankshaft

crankshaft crankshafts
A crankshaft is the main shaft of an internal combustion engine.

- The engine had a broken crankshaft.

N-COUNT

cranky

[D.J.:ˈkræŋki:]

[K.K.:ˈkræŋki]

adj.

古怪的

(机器)不稳的;摇晃的;待修理的

cranky

1. cranky
If you describe ideas or ways of behaving as cranky , you disapprove of them because you think they are strange. (INFORMAL)

- Vegetarianism has shed its cranky image.

- The Front has often been dismissed as a cranky fringe group.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= eccentric

2. cranky
Cranky means bad-tempered. (AM, INFORMAL)

- It was a long trek, and Jack and I both started to get cranky after about ten minutes.

ADJ-GRADED
= ratty

cranny

[D.J.:ˈkræni]

[K.K.:ˈkræni]

n.

裂缝,裂隙

cranny

cranny crannies
Crannies are very narrow openings or spaces in something.

- They fled like lizards into crannies in the rocks.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= crevice

every nook and cranny : see nook .

cranny

noun

crevice

chink

cleft

crack

fissure

gap

hole

opening

crap

[D.J.:kræp]

[K.K.:kræp]

n.

排泄物, 粪便, 屎

排泄, 拉屎

废物

vi.

拉屎

crap **

1. crap
If you describe something as crap , you think that it is wrong or of very poor quality. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. crap
Also a noun.

- It is a tedious, humourless load of crap.

N-UNCOUNT
= rubbish

3. crap
Crap is sometimes used to refer to faeces. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-UNCOUNT

4. crap
To crap means to get rid of faeces from your body. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
VERB: V

5. crap
Craps or crap is a gambling game, played mainly in North America, in which you throw two dice and bet what the total will be.

- I'll shoot some craps or play some blackjack.

N-UNCOUNT

crappy

[D.J.:ˈkræpi]

[K.K.:ˈkræpi]

adj.

〈俚〉蹩脚的 没价值的 讨厌的

crappy

crappy crappier crappiest
If you describe something as crappy , you think it is of very poor quality. Many people consider this word offensive. (INFORMAL)

- She read for a while, a crappy detective novel.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

crash

[D.J.:kræʃ]

[K.K.:kræʃ]

vt. & vi.

(使)猛撞, (使)撞毁

vi.

猛冲直撞

发出巨响

突然失败, 倒闭

n.

撞车事故, 失事

突然发出的巨响, 碰撞声

破产, 失败

crashing

[D.J.:ˈkræʃiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkræʃɪŋ]

adj.

绝对的,非凡的,彻底的

crash ****

1. crash crashes
A crash is an accident in which a moving vehicle hits something and is damaged or destroyed.

- His elder son was killed in a car crash a few years ago.

- ...a plane crash.

N-COUNT: oft n N
= accident

2. crash crashes crashing crashed
If a moving vehicle crashes or if the driver crashes it, it hits something and is damaged or destroyed.

- The plane crashed mysteriously near the island of Ustica.

- ...when his car crashed into the rear of a van...

- Even his death, after crashing his motorcycle on a bridge in New Orleans, was spectacular.

- Her body was found near a crashed car.

V-ERG

3. crash crashes crashing crashed
If something crashes somewhere, it moves and hits something else violently, making a loud noise.

- The door swung inwards to crash against a chest of drawers behind it.

- My words were lost as the walls above us crashed down, filling the cellar with brick dust.

- I heard them coming, crashing through the undergrowth, before I saw them.

VB

4. crash crashes
A crash is a sudden, loud noise.

- Two people in the flat recalled hearing a loud crash about 1.30 a.m.

N-COUNT

5. crash crashes crashing crashed
If a business or financial system crashes , it fails suddenly, often with serious effects.

- When the market crashed, they assumed the deal would be cancelled.

VB

6. crash crashes
Also a noun.

- He predicted correctly that there was going to be a stock market crash.

N-COUNT

7. crash crashes crashing crashed
If a computer or a computer program crashes , it fails suddenly.

- ...after the computer crashed for the second time in 10 days.

VB

crash

noun

1.

collision

accident

bump

pile-up informal

prang informal

smash

wreck

2.

smash

bang

boom

clang

clash

clatter

din

racket

thunder

3.

collapse

debacle

depression

downfall

failure

ruin

verb

4.

collide

bump (into)

crash-land an aircraft

drive into

have an accident

hit

plough into

wreck

5.

collapse

be ruined

fail

fold

fold up

go belly up informal

go bust informal

go to the wall

go under

6.

hurtle

fall headlong

give way

lurch

overbalance

plunge

topple

crash out ****

crash out crashes out; crashing out; crashed out
If someone crashes out somewhere, they fall asleep where they are because they are very tired or drunk. (INFORMAL)

- I just want to crash out on the sofa.

- The band are crashed out on the floor.

PHR-V

crash barrier

crash barrier crash barriers
A crash barrier is a strong low fence built along the side of a road or between the two halves of a motorway in order to prevent accidents. (BRIT; in AM use guardrail )
N-COUNT

crash course

crash course crash courses
A crash course in a particular subject is a short course in which you are taught basic facts or skills, for example before you start a new job.

- I did a 15-week crash course in typing.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N in n

crash helmet

crash helmet crash helmets
A crash helmet is a helmet that motorcyclists wear in order to protect their heads if they have an accident.
N-COUNT

crash-land

[D.J.:ˈkræʃˈlænd]

[K.K.:ˈkræʃˈlænd]

v.

(使)紧急降落

crash-land

1. crash-land crash-lands crash-landing crash-landed
If a pilot crash-lands an aircraft, or if it crash-lands , it lands more quickly and less safely than usual, for example when there is something wrong with the aircraft, and it cannot land normally.

- He arrives in his biplane and crash lands it in a tree.

- A light aircraft crash-landed on a putting green yesterday.

V-ERG also crash land .

2. crash-landing crash-landings

- His plane made a crash-landing during a sandstorm yesterday.

N-COUNT

crass

[D.J.:kræs]

[K.K.:kræs]

adj.

愚笨的,粗鲁的;全然不顾他人的

crassly

adv.

粗鲁地,愚钝地

crass *

1. crass crasser crassest
Crass behaviour is stupid and does not show consideration for other people.

- The government has behaved with crass insensitivity.

- Pop records can be crass and cynical.

ADJ-GRADED

2. crassly

- ...one of the most crassly stupid political acts of modern times...

- These teachings can be crassly misinterpreted.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

3. crassness

- ...the crassness of his conversation.

N-UNCOUNT

crass

adjective

insensitive

boorish

gross

indelicate

oafish

stupid

unrefined

witless

crate

[D.J.:kreit]

[K.K.:kret]

n.

板条箱, 柳条箱; 装货箱

一箱(之量)

破旧的汽车[飞机]

vt.

把…装入箱中

crate *

1. crate crates
A crate is a large box used for transporting or storing things.

- ...a pile of wooden crates...

- A crane was already unloading crates and pallets.

N-COUNT

2. crate crates crating crated
If something is crated , it is packed in a crate so that it can be transported or stored somewhere safely.

- The much repaired plane was crated for the return journey.

VB: usu passive

3. crate crates
A crate is a plastic or wire box divided into sections which is used for carrying bottles.
N-COUNT

4. crate crates
A crate of something is the amount of it that is contained in a crate.

- We've also got a bonus quiz with crates of beer as prizes!

N-COUNT: usu N of n

crate

noun

container

box

case

packing case

tea chest

crater

[D.J.:ˈkreitə]

[K.K.:ˈkretɚ]

n.

火山口

弹坑等

crater *

crater craters
A crater is a very large hole in the ground, which has been caused by something hitting it or by an explosion.
N-COUNT

crater

noun

hollow

depression

dip

cratered

adj.

有坑洞的,多坑的

cratered

cratered
If the surface of something is cratered , it has many craters in it.

- The sun blazes down on the barren, cratered landscape.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

cravat

[D.J.:krəˈvæt]

[K.K.:krəˈvæt]

n.

(系在衬衫衣领里面的)男式围巾

vt.

使穿有领结的服装, 使结领结

cravat

cravat cravats
A cravat is a piece of folded cloth which a man wears wrapped around his neck.
N-COUNT

crave

[D.J.:kreiv]

[K.K.:krev]

vt. & vi.

渴望, 热望

vt.

恳求; 请求

craving

[D.J.:ˈkreɪvɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkrevɪŋ]

n.

渴望;渴求

crave *

1. crave craves craving craved
If you crave something, you want to have it very much.

- There may be certain times of day when smokers crave their cigarette.

- You may be craving for some fresh air.

VB

2. craving cravings

- ...a craving for sugar.

- ...her craving to be loved.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

crave

verb

1.

long for

desire

hanker after

hope for

lust after

want

yearn for

2.

beg

ask

beseech

entreat

implore

petition

plead for

pray for

seek

solicit

supplicate

craving

noun Informal

longing

appetite

desire

hankering

hope

hunger

thirst

yearning

yen informal

craven

[D.J.:ˈkreɪvən]

[K.K.:ˈkrevən]

adj.

懦弱的;胆小的

cravenly

adv.

胆小地;懦弱地

cravenness

n.

懦弱;胆小

cravenly

adv.

胆怯地,胆小地

craven

craven
Someone who is craven is very cowardly. (WRITTEN)

- The craven attackers pounced on the boy and stabbed him before fleeing.

- ...his craven obedience to his employers.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= cowardly ≠ brave

crawfish

[D.J.:ˈkrɔ:fiʃ]

[K.K.:ˈkrɔˌfɪʃ]

n.

小龙虾

crawfish

crawfish
A crawfish is a small shellfish with five pairs of legs which lives in rivers and streams. You can eat some types of crawfish. (AM; in BRIT use crayfish )
N-COUNT crawfish is both the singular and the plural form
= crayfish

crawl

[D.J.:krɔ:l]

[K.K.:krɔl]

vi.

爬, 爬行; 徐缓而行

巴结, 奉承

n.

缓慢的爬行

自由式游泳

crawling

[ˈkrɔ:liŋ]

n.

表面涂布不均

crawl **

1. crawl crawls crawling crawled
When you crawl , you move forward on your hands and knees.

- Don't worry if your baby seems a little reluctant to crawl or walk.

- I began to crawl on my hands and knees towards the door.

- As he tried to crawl away, he was hit in the shoulder.

VB

2. crawl crawls crawling crawled
When an insect crawls somewhere, it moves there quite slowly.

- I watched the moth crawl up the outside of the lampshade.

VB

3. crawl crawls crawling crawled
If someone or something crawls somewhere, they move or progress slowly or with great difficulty.

- I crawled out of bed at nine-thirty.

- They had not foreseen the higher inflation in France when most of Western Europe was crawling out of recession.

- Hairpin turns force the car to crawl at 10 miles an hour in some places.

VB

4. crawl
Also a noun.

- The traffic on the approach road slowed to a crawl.

N-SING: a N

5. crawl crawls crawling crawled
If you say that a place is crawling with people or animals, you are emphasizing that it is full of them. (INFORMAL)

- This place is crawling with police.

- ...rock-hard earth littered with rubbish and crawling with vermin.

VB: only cont emphasis

6. crawl
The crawl is a kind of swimming stroke which you do lying on your front, swinging one arm over your head, and then the other arm.
N-SING: the N

7. crawl
If something makes your skin crawl or makes your flesh crawl , it makes you feel shocked or disgusted.

- I hated this man, his very touch made my skin crawl.

PHR: V inflects

crawl

verb

1.

creep

advance slowly

inch

slither

worm one's way

wriggle

writhe

2.

grovel

creep

fawn

humble oneself

toady

3.

be full of

be alive

be overrun slang

swarm

teem

crayfish

[D.J.:ˈkreɪˌfɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈkreˌfɪʃ]

n.

淡水螯虾(肉)

crayfish

crayfish
A crayfish is a small shellfish with five pairs of legs which lives in rivers and streams. You can eat some types of crayfish.
N-COUNT crayfish is both the singular and the plural form
= crawfish

crayon

[D.J.:ˈkreiən]

[K.K.:ˈkreˌɑn, -ən]

n.

彩色蜡笔或粉笔

vt. & vi.

用彩色蜡笔[粉笔]画

crayon *

crayon crayons
A crayon is a pencil containing coloured wax or clay, or a rod of coloured wax used for drawing.
N-COUNT

craze

[D.J.:kreɪz]

[K.K.:krez]

n.

时尚;时髦的东西

craze *

craze crazes
If there is a craze for something, it is very popular for a short time.

- ...the craze for Mutant Ninja Turtles...

- Walking is the latest fitness craze.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= fad

craze

noun

fad

enthusiasm

fashion

infatuation

mania

rage

trend

vogue

crazed

[kreizd]

adj.

疯狂的, 生气的

crazed *

crazed
Crazed people are wild and uncontrolled, and perhaps insane. (WRITTEN)

- A crazed gunman slaughtered five people last night.

- ...a crazed act of revenge.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= crazy

-crazed

-crazed
-crazed combines with nouns to form adjectives that describe people whose behaviour is wild and uncontrolled because of the thing the noun refers to.

- ...a drug-crazed killer.

- ...a power-crazed TV executive.

COMB in ADJ

crazily

[D.J.:ˈkreɪzɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkrezɪlɪ]

adv.

发狂地;狂热地

craziness

n.

发狂,热中,狂热

crazy

[D.J.:ˈkreizi]

[K.K.:ˈkrezi]

adj.

发疯的, 疯狂的

荒唐的

狂热爱好的, 着迷的

crazily

crazily
If something moves crazily , it moves in a way or in a direction that you do not expect. (WRITTEN)

- The three of us set off, our wheels skidding crazily under that drenching rain.

- The ball bounced crazily over his shoulder into the net.

ADV: ADV after v
= wildly

See also crazy .

crazy ***

1. crazy crazier craziest
If you describe someone or something as crazy , you think they are very foolish or strange. (INFORMAL)

- People thought they were all crazy to try to make money from manufacturing.

- That's why he's got so caught up with this crazy idea about Mr. Trancas.

- ...that crazy, mixed-up world out there.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= mad

2. crazily

- The teenagers shook their long, black hair and gesticulated crazily.

- Our policies are crazily extravagant and very destructive.

ADV: ADV after v, ADV adj

3. craziness

- We had to have a sense of humour because of the craziness of it all.

N-UNCOUNT

4. crazy crazier craziest
Someone who is crazy is insane. (INFORMAL)

- If I sat home and worried about all this stuff, I'd go crazy.

- He strides around the room beaming like a crazy man.

ADJ-GRADED
= mad

5. crazy crazies
Also a noun.

- Outside, mumbling, was one of New York's ever-present crazies.

N-COUNT
= loony

6. crazy crazier craziest
If you are crazy about something, you are very enthusiastic about it. If you are not crazy about something, you do not like it. (INFORMAL)

- He's still crazy about both his work and his hobbies.

- I'm also not crazy about the initial terms of the deal.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ about n
= mad

7. crazy
Also a combining form.

- Every football-crazy schoolboy in Europe dreams of one day being involved in the championships.

COMB in ADJ

8. crazy crazier craziest
If you are crazy about someone, you are deeply in love with them. (INFORMAL)

- None of that matters, because we're crazy about each other.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ about n
= mad

9. crazy crazier craziest
If something or someone makes you crazy or drives you crazy , they make you extremely annoyed or upset. (INFORMAL)

- This sitting around is driving me crazy.

- When Jock woke up and found you gone he went crazy.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= mad

10. crazy
You use like crazy to emphasize that something happens to a great degree. (INFORMAL)

- The stuff was selling like crazy.

- Some people can diet like crazy and not lose weight.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis
= like mad

crazy

adjective

1.

ridiculous

absurd

foolish

idiotic

ill-conceived

ludicrous

nonsensical

preposterous

senseless

2.

fanatical

devoted

enthusiastic

infatuated

mad

passionate

wild informal

3.

insane

crazed

demented

deranged

mad

nuts slang

out of one's mind

unbalanced

crazy paving

crazy paving
Crazy paving is pieces of stone of different shapes fitted together to make a path or flat area.
N-UNCOUNT

creak

[D.J.:kri:k]

[K.K.:krik]

vi.

(门)嘎吱作响

creak *

1. creak creaks creaking creaked
If something creaks , it makes a short, high-pitched sound when it moves.

- The bed-springs creaked.

- The steps creaked beneath his feet.

- The door creaked open.

- ...the creaking stairs.

VB

2. creak creaks
Also a noun.

- The door was pulled open with a creak.

N-COUNT

creak

verb Informal

squeak

grate

grind

groan

scrape

scratch

screech

creaky

[D.J.:ˈkri:ki:]

[K.K.:ˈkriki]

adj.

嘎吱作响的;

老朽的;破旧的;摇摇欲坠的

creaky

1. creaky
A creaky object creaks when it moves.

- She pushed open a creaky door.

ADJ-GRADED

2. creaky
If you describe something as creaky , you think it is bad in some way because it is old or old-fashioned.

- ...its creaky and corrupt political system.

- ...this creaky old British thriller.

ADJ-GRADED

cream

[D.J.:kri:m]

[K.K.:krim]

n.

乳脂, 奶油

乳霜, 乳膏

cream ****

1. cream
Cream is a thick yellowish-white liquid taken from milk. You can use it in cooking or put it on fruit or desserts.

- ...strawberries and cream.

N-UNCOUNT
See also clotted cream , double cream , single cream , sour cream , whipping cream .

2. cream
Cream is used in the names of soups that contain cream or milk.

- ...cream of mushroom soup.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

3. cream creams
A cream is a substance that you rub into your skin, for example to keep it soft or to heal or protect it.

- Gently apply the cream to the affected areas.

- ...sun protection creams.

N-VAR
See also face cream .

4. cream creams
Something that is cream is yellowish-white in colour.

- ...cream silk stockings.

- ...a cream-coloured Persian cat.

COLOUR

5. cream
You can refer to the best people or things of a particular kind as the cream of the crop .

- The Ball was attended by the cream of Hollywood society.

- ...the cream of Chicago's 200 jazz and blues clubs.

PHR

cream

noun

1.

lotion

cosmetic

emulsion

essence

liniment

oil

ointment

paste

salve

unguent

2.

best

crème de la crème

elite

flower

pick

prime

adjective

3.

off-white

yellowish-white

cream off ****

1. cream off creams off; creaming off; creamed off
To cream off part of a group of people means to take them away and treat them in a special way, because they are better than the others.

- The private schools cream off many of the best pupils.

PHR-V disapproval

2. cream off creams off; creaming off; creamed off
If a person or organization creams off a large amount of money, they take it and use it for themselves. (INFORMAL)

- This means smaller banks can cream off big profits during lending booms.

- Funds raised through selling these magazines are creamed off to support armed violence.

PHR-V disapproval

cream cheese

cream cheese
Cream cheese is a very rich, soft white cheese.
N-UNCOUNT

cream cracker

cream cracker cream crackers
Cream crackers are crisp dry biscuits which are eaten with cheese. (BRIT)
N-COUNT
= cracker

creamer

[D.J.:ˈkri:mə]

[K.K.:ˈkrimɚ]

n.

盛乳皮的盆,乳酪分离器,撇取乳酪的人或器具

creamer

1. creamer creamers
Creamer is a white powder that is used in tea and coffee instead of milk.

- ...coffee whitened with a non-dairy creamer.

N-MASS

2. creamer creamers
A creamer is a small jug used for pouring cream or milk. (mainly AM; in BRIT use milk jug )
N-COUNT

creamery

[D.J.:ˈkri:məri]

[K.K.:ˈkriməri]

n.

乳制品厂; 乳制品商店

creamery

creamery creameries
A creamery is a place where milk and cream are made into butter and cheese.
N-COUNT
= dairy

cream of tartar

cream of tartar
Cream of tartar is a white powder used in baking.
N-UNCOUNT

cream tea

cream tea cream teas
In Britain, a cream tea is an afternoon meal that consists of tea to drink and small cakes called scones that are eaten with jam and cream. Cream teas are served in places such as tea shops.
N-COUNT

creamy

[D.J.:ˈkri:mi:]

[K.K.:ˈkrimi]

adj.

含乳脂的,有奶油味的

似奶油的;似乳脂的；软厚平滑的,光滑细腻的

creamy *

1. creamy creamier creamiest
Food or drink that is creamy contains a lot of cream or milk.

- ...rich, creamy coffee.

- ...a creamy chocolate and nut candy bar.

ADJ-GRADED

2. creamy creamier creamiest
Food that is creamy has a soft smooth texture and appearance.

- ...creamy mashed potato...

- Whisk the mixture until it is smooth and creamy.

- ...a delicious soft blue cheese with a creamy texture.

ADJ-GRADED

creamy

adjective

smooth

buttery

milky

rich

soft

velvety

crease

[D.J.:kri:s]

[K.K.:kris]

n.

(衣服、纸张等的)折缝, 折痕

vt. & vi.

(使…)起折痕, 弄皱

crease *

1. crease creases
Creases are lines that are made in cloth or paper when it is crushed or folded.

- She stood up, frowning at the creases in her silk dress.

- Papa flattened the creases of the map with his broad hands.

- ...cream coloured trousers with sharp creases.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. crease creases creasing creased
If cloth or paper creases or if you crease it, lines form in it when it is crushed or folded.

- Most outfits crease a bit when you are travelling.

- Liz sat down on the bed, lowering herself carefully not to crease her skirt.

V-ERG
= crumple

3. creased

- His clothes were creased, as if he had slept in them.

ADJ-GRADED

4. crease creases creasing creased
If your face creases or if an expression creases it, lines appear on it because you are frowning or smiling. (WRITTEN)

- His ruddy face still routinely creases with mirth.

- For just the second time a look of emotion creases his face.

V-ERG
= wrinkle

5. crease creases
Creases in someone's skin are lines which form where their skin folds when they move.

- ...the tiny creases at the corners of his eyes...

- When Crevecoeur smiled, the creases in his face deepened.

N-COUNT
= wrinkle

6. creased

- ...Jock's creased drunken face.

ADJ-GRADED

7. crease
In cricket, the crease is a line on the playing surface where the batsman stands.

- Haynes was still at the crease, unbeaten on 84.

N-SING: the N, poss N

crease

noun

1.

line

corrugation

fold

groove

ridge

wrinkle

verb

2.

wrinkle

corrugate

crumple

double up

fold

rumple

screw up

crease up *

crease up creases up; creasing up; creased up
If someone or something makes you crease up or creases you up , they make you laugh a lot. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I do make him laugh. Don't ask me why, but I'll be saying something and he'll just crease up.

- He's trying to say hello in Italian and he says goodbye in Spanish, it creases me up every time.

PHR-V-ERG

create

[D.J.:kriˈeit]

[K.K.:kriˈet]

vt.

创造, 创作, 创建

引起, 产生

created

adj.

创造的

creation

[D.J.:kriˈeiʃən]

[K.K.:kriˈeʃən]

n.

创造, 创建

创造物, 作品, 产物

宇宙, 天地万物

create *****

1. create creates creating created
To create something means to cause it to happen or exist.

- We set business free to create more jobs in Britain.

- She could create a fight out of anything.

- The lights create such a glare it's next to impossible to see anything behind them.

- Criticizing will only destroy a relationship and create feelings of failure.

VB
= produce ≠ destroy

2. creation

- These businesses stimulate the creation of local jobs.

- The creation of large parks and forests is of lower priority than some twenty years ago.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. create creates creating created
When someone creates a new product or process, they invent it or design it.

- It is really great for a radio producer to create a show like this.

- He's creating a whole new language of painting.

VB
= invent

creation **

1. creation
In many religions, creation is the making of the universe, earth, and creatures by God.

- ...the Creation of the universe as told in Genesis Chapter One...

- For the first time since creation, the survival of the Earth is entirely in our hands.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N

2. creation
People sometimes refer to the whole universe as creation . (LITERARY)
N-UNCOUNT

3. creation creations
You can refer to something that someone has made as a creation , especially if it shows skill, imagination, or artistic ability.

- The bathroom is entirely my own creation.

- Featured are both his classics and his latest creations.

- You'll be amazed at the culinary creations possible in a Dutch oven.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

create

verb

1.

make

compose

devise

formulate

invent

originate

produce

spawn

2.

cause

bring about

lead to

occasion

3.

appoint

constitute

establish

install

invest

make

set up

creation

noun

1.

making

conception

formation

generation

genesis

procreation

2.

setting up

development

establishment

formation

foundation

inception

institution

production

3.

invention

achievement

brainchild informal

concoction

handiwork

magnum opus

pièce de r´esistance

production

4.

universe

cosmos

nature

world

creationism

[D.J.:kri:ˈeiʃənizəm]

[K.K.:kriˈeʃəˌnɪzəm]

n.

创造宇宙说,特别创造说

creationism

creationism
Creationism is the belief that the account of the creation of the universe in the Bible is true, and that the theory of evolution is incorrect.
N-UNCOUNT

creationist

creationist creationists
A creationist is someone who believes that the story of the creation of the universe in the Bible is true, and who rejects the theory of evolution.
N-COUNT

creative

[D.J.:kriˈeitiv]

[K.K.:kriˈetɪv]

adj.

创造性的, 有创造力的

creatively

[D.J.:krɪˈeɪtɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:krɪˈetɪvlɪ]

adv.

创造性地;有创造力地

creativity

[D.J.:ˌkri:eɪˈtɪvətɪ]

[K.K.:ˌkrieˈtɪvətɪ]

n.

创造性，创造力；创作能力

creative ***

1. creative
A creative person has the ability to invent and develop original ideas, especially in the arts.

- Like so many creative people he was never satisfied.

- ...her obvious creative talents.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. creativity

- American art reached a peak of creativity in the '50s and 60s.

N-UNCOUNT

3. creative
Creative activities involve the inventing and making of new kinds of things.

- ...creative writing.

- ...creative arts...

- Cooking is creative.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. creative
If you use something in a creative way, you use it in a new way that produces interesting and unusual results.

- ...his creative use of words.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. creatively

- Genet teaches you to think creatively.

ADV-GRADED

creative

adjective

imaginative

artistic

clever

gifted

ingenious

inspired

inventive

original

visionary

creativity

noun

imagination

cleverness

ingenuity

inspiration

inventiveness

originality

creative accounting

creative accounting
Creative accounting is when companies present or organize their accounts in such a way that they gain money for themselves or give a false impression of their profits.

- Much of the apparent growth in profits that occurred in the 1980s was the result of creative accounting.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

creator

[D.J.:kri:ˈeɪtə]

[K.K.:kriˈetɚ]

n.

创造者,创作者

creator **

1. creator creators
The creator of something is the person who made it or invented it.

- ...Ian Fleming, the creator of James Bond...

- I have always believed that a garden dies with its creator.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

2. creator
God is sometimes referred to as the Creator .

- This was the first object placed in the heavens by the Creator.

N-PROPER: the N

creator

noun

maker

architect

author

designer

father

inventor

originator

prime mover

creature

[D.J.:ˈkri:tʃə]

[K.K.:ˈkritʃɚ]

n.

生物, 动物

人

creature **

1. creature creatures
You can refer to any living thing that is not a plant as a creature , especially when it is of an unknown or unfamiliar kind. People also refer to imaginary animals and beings as creatures .

- Alaskan Eskimos believe that every living creature possesses a spirit.

- The garden is surrounded by a hedge in which many small creatures can live.

- They have been visited by creatures from outer space.

N-COUNT
= animal

2. creature creatures
If you say that someone is a particular type of creature , you are focusing on a particular quality they have.

- She's charming, a sweet creature.

- I am not a vain creature.

- She was a creature of the emotions, rather than reason.

N-COUNT: with supp
a creature of habit : see habit .

3. creature creatures
If you describe someone as someone else's creature , you mean that they are controlled by or depend on that person.

- We are not creatures of the Conservative government.

N-COUNT: with poss disapproval

creature

noun

1.

living thing

animal

beast

being

brute

2.

person

human being

individual

man

mortal

soul

woman

creature comforts

creature comforts
Creature comforts are the things that you need to feel comfortable in a place, for example good food and modern equipment.

- They appreciate all the creature comforts of home.

N-PLURAL

crèche *

crèche crèches
A crusee2che is a place where small children can be left to be looked after while their parents are working or doing something else. (BRIT; in AM = day nursery )
N-COUNT also creche .
= nursery

cred

cred
Cred is the same as street cred .
N-UNCOUNT

credence

[D.J.:ˈkri:dns]

[K.K.:ˈkridn..s]

n.

相信;信任

credence *

1. credence
If something lends or gives credence to a theory or story, it makes it easier to believe. (FORMAL)

- Good studies are needed to lend credence to the notion that genuine progress can be made in this important field.

N-UNCOUNT
= credibility

2. credence
If you give credence to a theory or story, you believe it. (FORMAL)

- You're surely not giving any credence to this story of Hythe's?

N-UNCOUNT

credentials

[kriˈdenʃəlz]

n.

资格证书; 国书

(任何证明人的能力、资格等的)证书; 资格

credentials *

1. credentials
Someone's credentials are their previous achievements, training, and general background, which indicate that they are qualified to do something.

- ...her credentials as a Bach specialist...

- I can testify to the credentials of the clientele.

N-PLURAL: with supp

2. credentials
Someone's credentials are a letter or certificate that proves their identity or qualifications.

- Britain's new ambassador to Lebanon has presented his credentials to the President.

N-PLURAL: usu poss N

credentials

plural noun

certification

authorization

document

licence

papers

passport

reference(s)

testimonial

credibility

[D.J.:ˌkredəˈbɪlɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti]

n.

可靠性,可信性

credibility **

credibility
If someone or something has credibility , people believe in them and trust them.

- The police have lost their credibility.

- The president will have to work hard to restore his credibility.

N-UNCOUNT

credibility

noun

believability

integrity

plausibility

reliability

trustworthiness

credibility gap

credibility gap
A credibility gap is the difference between what a person says or promises and what they actually think or do.

- British economic policy has had a credibility gap since the ERM suspension.

N-SING

credible

[D.J.:ˈkredəbl]

[K.K.:ˈkrɛdəbəl]

adj.

可信的, 可靠的

credibly

adv.

可信地,由可靠方面

credible **

1. credible
Credible means able to be trusted or believed.

- ...a credible threat of terrorist action...

- Baroness Thatcher's claims seem credible to many.

ADJ-GRADED
= convincing ≠ unconvincing

2. credibly

- Ministers can equally credibly claim that the opposition is to blame.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. credible
A credible candidate, policy, or system, for example, is one that appears to have a chance of being successful.

- Mr Robertson would be a credible candidate.

- The challenge before the opposition is to offer credible alternative policies for the future.

ADJ-GRADED

4. credibly

- He was the only figure who could credibly run the country.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

credible

adjective

1.

believable

conceivable

imaginable

likely

plausible

possible

probable

reasonable

thinkable

2.

reliable

dependable

honest

sincere

trustworthy

trusty

credit

[D.J.:ˈkredit]

[K.K.:ˈkrɛdɪt]

n.

赊购; 赊购制度

存款; 存款数额

借款; 贷款

赞扬, 荣誉, 功劳

信任, 相信

学分

vt.

相信, 信任

把…记入贷方, 存入(账户)

credited

v.

记入贷方,信用;记入贷方,信用

credit ****

1. credit
If you are allowed credit , you are allowed to pay for goods or services several weeks or months after you have received them.

- The group can't get credit to buy farming machinery.

- You can ask a dealer for a discount whether you pay cash or buy on credit.

N-UNCOUNT: oft on N

2. credit
If someone or their bank account is in credit , their bank account has money in it. (mainly BRIT)

- The idea that I could be charged when I'm in credit makes me very angry.

- I made sure the account stayed in credit.

- Interest is payable on credit balances.

N-UNCOUNT: in N, N n
= in the black

3. credit credits crediting credited
When a sum of money is credited to an account, the bank adds that sum of money to the total in the account.

- She noticed that only $80,000 had been credited to her account.

- Midland decided to change the way it credited payments to accounts.

- Interest is calculated daily and credited once a year, on 1 April.

VB
≠ debit

4. credit credits
A credit is a sum of money which is added to an account.

- The statement of total debits and credits is known as a balance.

N-COUNT
≠ debit

5. credit credits
A credit is an amount of money that is given to someone.

- Senator Bill Bradley outlined his own tax cut, giving families $350 in tax credits per child.

- Japan has provided about $2.5 billion in credits to Russia and about $50 million in direct aid.

N-COUNT
= allowance

6. credit
If you get the credit for something good, people praise you because you are responsible for it, or are thought to be responsible for it.

- We don't mind who gets the credit so long as we don't get the blame.

- It would be wrong for us to take all the credit.

- Some of the credit for her relaxed manner must go to Andy.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N for n/-ing
≠ blame

7. credit credits crediting credited
If people credit someone with an achievement or if it is credited to them, people say or believe that they were responsible for it.

- The staff are crediting him with having saved Hythe's life.

- The 74-year-old mayor is credited with helping make Los Angeles the financial capital of the West Coast.

- The screenplay for `Gabriel Over the White House' is credited to Carey Wilson.

VB

8. credit credits crediting credited
If you credit someone with a quality, you believe or say that they have it.

- I wonder why you can't credit him with the same generosity of spirit.

- They are crediting science with power it doesn't possess.

VB

9. credit
If you say that someone is a credit to someone or something, you mean that their qualities or achievements will make people have a good opinion of the person or thing mentioned.

- He is one of the greatest British players of recent times and is a credit to his profession.

N-SING: a N to n
= disgrace

10. credit credits credited
If you cannot credit something, you cannot believe that it is true.

- Roosevelt either did not learn of the scandal or refused to credit what he heard.

- It seems hard to credit that such things went on among senior Directors.

VB: no cont, with brd-neg
= believe

11. credit credits
The list of people who helped to make a film, a record, or a television programme is called the credits .

- The star Marlon Brando wants his name removed from the credits.

- ...a moviegoer who remains in his seat until the credits are over.

N-COUNT: usu pl

12. credit credits
A credit is a successfully completed part of a higher education course. At some universities and colleges you need a certain number of credits to be awarded a degree.
N-COUNT

13. credit
If you say that something does someone credit , you mean that they should be praised or admired because of it.

- You're a nice girl, Lettie, and your kind heart does you credit.

PHR: V inflects

14. credit
If you say ` credit where credit's due ', you are admitting that you ought to praise someone for something that they have done or for a good quality that they possess.

- His gift was an extremely kind gesture. Credit where credit's due.

PHR

15. credit
To give someone credit for a good quality means to believe that they have it.

- Bratbakk had more ability than the media gave him credit for.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

16. credit
You say on the credit side in order to introduce one or more good things about a situation or person, usually when you have already mentioned the bad things about them.

- On the credit side, he's always been wonderful with his mother.

PHR: PHR with cl

17. credit
If something is to someone's credit , they deserve praise for it.

- She had managed to pull herself together and, to her credit, continued to look upon life as a positive experience.

- Although the offences were horrific it was to her credit that she had owned up.

PHR: PHR with cl, it v-link PHR that

18. credit
If you already have one or more achievements to your credit , you have achieved them.

- I have twenty novels, a score of successful plays, and countless magazine stories to my credit.

PHR

credit

noun

1.

praise

acclaim

acknowledgment

approval

commendation

honour

kudos

recognition

tribute

be a credit to

2.

source of satisfaction or pride

feather in one's cap

honour

3.

prestige

esteem

good name

influence

position

regard

reputation

repute

standing

status

4.

belief

confidence

credence

faith

reliance

trust

on credit

5.

on account

by deferred payment

by instalments

on hire-purchase

on (the) H.P.

on the slate informal

on tick informal

verb

6.

believe

accept

have faith in

rely on

trust

credit with

7.

attribute to

ascribe to

assign to

impute to

creditable

[D.J.:ˈkredɪtəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈkrɛdɪtəbəl]

adj.

值得称赞的;带来荣誉的

creditably

adv.

有名誉地,不愧,美满地

creditable *

1. creditable
A creditable performance or achievement is of a reasonably high standard.

- They turned out a quite creditable performance.

- Gazza finished a creditable third.

ADJ-GRADED
= respectable

2. creditably

- British riders performed creditably.

- She puts in a creditably spirited performance.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj/adv

3. creditable
If you describe someone's actions or aims as creditable , you mean that they are morally good.

- Not a very creditable attitude, I'm afraid.

ADJ-GRADED

creditable

adjective

praiseworthy

admirable

commendable

honourable

laudable

reputable

respectable

worthy

credit card **

credit card credit cards
A credit card is a plastic card that you use to buy goods on credit. Compare charge card .
N-COUNT

credit hour

credit hour credit hours
A credit hour is a credit that a school or college awards to students who have completed a course of study. (AM)

- By last fall, he needed only two credit hours to graduate.

N-COUNT

credit note

credit note credit notes
A credit note is a piece of paper that a shop gives you when you return goods that you have bought from it. It states that you are entitled to take goods of the same value without paying for them. (BRIT; in AM use credit slip )
N-COUNT

creditor

[D.J.:ˈkredɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈkrɛdɪtɚ]

n.

债权人;债主

creditor **

creditor creditors
Your creditors are the people who you owe money to.

- The company said it would pay in full all its creditors except Credit Suisse.

N-COUNT: usu pl
≠ debtor

credit rating *

credit rating
Your credit rating is a judgement of how likely you are to pay money back if you borrow it or buy things on credit.
N-SING

credit slip

credit slip credit slips
A credit slip is the same as a credit note . (AM)
N-COUNT

credit transfer

1. credit transfer credit transfers
A credit transfer is a direct payment of money from one bank account into another. (BRIT; in AM use money transfer )
N-COUNT: also by N

2. credit transfer
If a student has a credit transfer when they change from one school or college to another, their credits are transferred from their old school or college to their new one. (AM)
N COUNT

creditworthy

[D.J.:ˈkredɪtˌwɜ:ði:]

[K.K.:ˈkrɛdɪtˌwɚði]

adj.

信誉卓著的,有信誉的

creditworthy

1. creditworthy
A creditworthy person or organization is one who can safely be lent money or allowed to have goods on credit, for example because in the past they have always paid back what they owe.

- Building societies make loans to creditworthy customers.

ADJ-GRADED also credit-worthy .

2. creditworthiness

- They now take extra steps to verify the creditworthiness of customers.

N-UNCOUNT

credo

[D.J.:ˈkri:dəʊ, ˈkreɪ-]

[K.K.:ˈkrido, ˈkre-]

n.

信经,信条

credo

credo credos
A credo is a set of beliefs, principles, or opinions that strongly influence the way a person lives or works. (FORMAL)

- Lord Clarendon's liberal credo was one of the foundations of his political conduct.

N-COUNT
= creed

credulity

[D.J.:krɪˈdu:lɪti:, -ˈdju:-]

[K.K.:krɪˈdulɪti, -ˈdju-]

n.

轻信,易受骗

credulous

[D.J.:ˈkredʒələs]

[K.K.:ˈkrɛdʒələs]

adj.

轻信的;易受骗的

credulity

n.

credulity

credulity
Credulity is a willingness to believe that something is real or true. (WRITTEN)

- The plot does stretch credulity.

N-UNCOUNT

credulity

noun

gullibility

blind faith

credulousness

naîveté

credulous

credulous
If you describe someone as credulous , you have a low opinion of them because they are too ready to believe what people tell them and are easily deceived.

- ...quack doctors charming money out of the pockets of credulous health-hungry citizens.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= gullible

creed

[D.J.:kri:d]

[K.K.:krid]

n.

(尤指宗教)信条, 教条

creed *

1. creed creeds
A creed is a set of beliefs, principles, or opinions that strongly influence the way people live or work. (FORMAL)

- ...their devotion to their creed of self-help.

N-COUNT
= credo

2. creed creeds
A creed is a religion. (FORMAL)

- The centre is open to all, no matter what race or creed.

N-COUNT
= religion

creed

noun

belief

articles of faith

catechism

credo

doctrine

dogma

principles

creek

[D.J.:kri:k]

[K.K.:krik, krɪk]

n.

〈英〉小湾, 小港

〈美〉小河, 小溪

creek *

1. creek creeks
A creek is a narrow place where the sea comes a long way into the land. (BRIT)
N-COUNT: oft in names

2. creek creeks
A creek is a small stream or river. (AM)

- Follow Austin Creek for a few miles.

N-COUNT: oft in names

3. creek
If someone is up the creek , they are in a bad or difficult situation, or are wrong in some way. You can also say that someone is up the creek without a paddle . (INFORMAL)
PHR: v-link PHR

creek

noun

1.

inlet

bay

bight

cove

firth or frith Scot.

2.

stream

bayou

brook

rivulet

runnel

tributary

watercourse

creep

[D.J.:kri:p]

[K.K.:krip]

vi.

蹑手蹑足地走, 缓慢地行进

爬行, 匍匐

creeping

[D.J.:ˈkri:piŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkripɪŋ]

n.,adj.

爬行(的)

crept

[D.J.:krept]

[K.K.:krɛpt]

(creep的过去式和过去分词)

creep **

1. creep creeps creeping crept
When people or animals creep somewhere, they move quietly and slowly.

- Back I go to the hotel and creep up to my room.

- The rabbit creeps away and hides in a hole.

VB

2. creep creeps creeping crept
If something creeps somewhere, it moves very slowly.

- Mist had crept in again from the sea.

VB

3. creep creeps creeping crept
If something creeps in or creeps back, it begins to occur or becomes part of something without people realizing or without them wanting it.

- Insecurity might creep in.

- An increasing ratio of mistakes, perhaps induced by tiredness, crept into her game.

- ...a proposal that crept through unnoticed at the National Council in December...

- Now his other major works are creeping back into concert programmes.

- Their organisation has been subjected to creeping privatisation since 1981.

VB

4. creep creeps creeping crept
If a rate or number creeps up to a higher level, it gradually reaches that level.

- The inflation rate has been creeping up to 9.5 per cent.

- The average number of students in each class is creeping up from three to four.

VB

5. creep creeps
If you describe someone as a creep , you mean that you dislike them a great deal, especially because they are insincere and flatter people. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

6. creep
If someone or something gives you the creeps , they make you feel very nervous or frightened. (INFORMAL)

- I always hated that statue. It gave me the creeps.

PHR: V inflects

crept

Crept is the past tense and past participle of creep .

creep

verb U.S., Canad., Austral., & N.Z.

1.

sneak

approach unnoticed

skulk

slink

steal

tiptoe

2.

crawl

glide

slither

squirm

wriggle

writhe

noun

3.

bootlicker informal

crawler slang

sneak

sycophant

toady

creeps

plural noun Informal

give one the creeps

disgust

frighten

make one's hair stand on end

make one squirm

repel

repulse

scare

creep up on **

1. creep up creeps up; creeping up; crept up
If you creep up on someone, you move slowly closer to them without being seen by them.

- They'll creep up on you while you're asleep.

PHR-V

2. creep up creeps up; creeping up; crept up
If a feeling or state creeps up on you, you hardly notice that it is beginning to affect you or happen to you.

- The desire to be a mother may creep up on you unexpectedly.

PHR-V

creeper

[D.J.:ˈkri:pə]

[K.K.:ˈkripɚ]

n.

匍匐[攀缘]植物

creeper

creeper creepers
Creepers are plants with long stems that wind themselves around objects.
N-COUNT

creeper

noun Slang

climbing plant

rambler

runner

trailing plant

vine chiefly U.S.

creepy

[D.J.:ˈkri:pi]

[K.K.:ˈkripi]

adj.

令人毛骨悚然的

creepy *

creepy creepier creepiest
If you say that something or someone is creepy , you mean they make you feel very nervous or frightened. (INFORMAL)

- There were certain places that were really creepy at night.

- Was she still married to that creepy guy, Dennis?

ADJ-GRADED
= weird

creepy

adjective Informal

disturbing

eerie

frightening

hair-raising

macabre

menacing

scary informal

sinister

creepy-crawly

[D.J.:ˈkri:pi:ˈkrɔ:li:]

[K.K.:ˈkripiˈkrɔli]

n.

爬行的昆虫

creepy-crawly

creepy-crawly creepy-crawlies
You can refer to insects as creepy-crawlies when they give you a feeling of fear or disgust. This word is mainly used by children. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl disapproval

cremate

[D.J.:ˈkri:ˌmeɪt, krɪˈmeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkriˌmet, krɪˈmet]

vt.

火葬;火化(尸体)

cremation

n.

火葬;火化

cremation

[kriˈmeiʃən]

n.

烧,火葬

cremate *

1. cremate cremates cremating cremated
When someone is cremated , their dead body is burned, usually as part of a funeral service.

- She wants Chris to be cremated.

VB: usu passive

2. cremation cremations

- At Miss Garbo's request there was a cremation after a private ceremony.

- Half of California's deceased opt for cremation.

N-VAR

crematorium

[D.J.:ˌkreməˈtɔ:riəm]

[K.K.:ˌkriməˈtɔriəm, -ˈtor-]

n.

火葬场

crematorium

crematorium crematoria or crematoriums
A crematorium is a building in which the bodies of dead people are burned.
N-COUNT

crematory

[D.J.:ˈkremətəri]

[K.K.:ˈkriməˌtɔri, -ˌtori, ˈkrɛmə-]

n.

火葬场

adj.

火葬的

crematory

crematory crematories
A crematory is the same as a crematorium . (AM)
N-COUNT

crème de la crème

crème de la crème
If you refer to someone or something as the crème de la crème , you mean they are the very best person or thing of their kind. (JOURNALISM)

- Scientists are the crème de la crème of a country's brainpower.

N-SING: the N approval
= best

crème fraiche

crème fraiche
Crème fraiche is a type of thick, slightly sour cream.
N-UNCOUNT

crenellated

[ˈkrenileitid]

adj.

有雉堞的

crenellated

crenellated
In a castle, a crenellated wall has gaps in the top or openings through which to fire at attackers. (TECHNICAL)

- ...crenellated turrets.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) also crenelated

creole

adj.

克里奥尔语的

creole *

1. creole creoles
A creole is a language that has developed from a mixture of different languages and has become the main language in a particular place.

- She begins speaking in the Creole of Haiti.

- ...French Creole.

N-VAR also Creole .
= patois

2. creole creoles
A Creole is a person of mixed African and European race, who lives in the West Indies and speaks a creole language.
N-COUNT also Creole .

3. creole creoles
A Creole is a person descended from the Europeans who first settled in the West Indies or the southern United States of America.
N-COUNT also Creole .

4. creole
Creole means belonging to or relating to the Creole community.

- Coconut Rice Balls is a Creole dish.

- ...Creole culture.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also Creole .

creosote

[D.J.:ˈkriəsəut]

[K.K.:ˈkriəˌsot]

n.

杂芬油,木馏油,碳酸

vt.

用木馏油处理

creosote

creosote
Creosote is a thick dark liquid made from coal tar which is used to prevent wood from rotting.
N-UNCOUNT

crepe

[D.J.:kreip]

[K.K.:krep]

n.

绉纱,绉绸

crepe

1. crepe
Crepe is a thin fabric with an uneven surface and is made of cotton, silk, or wool.

- Use a crepe bandage to support the affected area.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. crepe crepes
A crepe is a thin pancake .

- ...chicken-filled crepes.

N-COUNT

3. crepe
Crepe is a type of rubber with a rough surface.

- ...a pair of crepe-soled ankle-boots.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

crepe paper

crepe paper
Crepe paper is stretchy paper with an uneven surface. Coloured crepe paper is often used for making decorations.
N-UNCOUNT

crepuscular

[D.J.:krɪˈpʌskjələ]

[K.K.:krɪˈpʌskjəlɚ]

adj.

黄昏的;黎明的;昏暗的;模糊的

(动物)晨昏之际活动的

crepuscular

crepuscular
Crepuscular means relating to twilight . (LITERARY)

- They merged together in the crepuscular light.

ADJ: ADJ n

crescendo

[D.J.:krəˈʃendəʊ]

[K.K.:krəˈʃɛndo]

n.

(声音)渐强

crescendo

1. crescendo crescendos
A crescendo is a noise that gets louder and louder. Some people also use crescendo to refer to the point when a noise is at its loudest.

- She spoke in a crescendo: `You are a bad girl! You are a wicked girl! You are evil!'.

- The crescendo of noise was continuous.

- The applause rose to a crescendo and cameras clicked.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

2. crescendo crescendos
People sometimes describe an increase in the intensity of something, or its most intense point, as a crescendo . (JOURNALISM)

- There was a crescendo of parliamentary and press criticism.

- And now the story reaches a crescendo.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. crescendo crescendos
In music, a crescendo is a section of a piece of music in which the music gradually gets louder and louder.
N-COUNT: usu sing

crescent

[D.J.:ˈkresnt]

[K.K.:ˈkrɛsənt]

n.

新月,月牙

adj.

新月形的,逐渐增加的

crescent *

1. crescent crescents
A crescent is a curved shape that is wider in the middle than at its ends, like the shape of the moon during its first and last quarters. It is the most important symbol of the Islamic faith.

- A glittering Islamic crescent tops the mosque.

- ...a narrow crescent of sand dunes.

- ...a crescent moon.

N-COUNT

2. crescent
Crescent is sometimes used as part of the name of a street or row of houses that is usually built in a curve. (mainly BRIT)

- ...44 Colville Crescent.

N-IN-NAMES

crescent

noun

meniscus

new moon

sickle

cress

[D.J.:kres]

[K.K.:krɛs]

n.

水芹

cress

1. cress
Cress is a plant with small green leaves that are used in salads or to decorate food. See also mustard and cress .
N-UNCOUNT

2. cress
Watercress is sometimes referred to as cress .
N-UNCOUNT

crest

[D.J.:krest]

[K.K.:krɛst]

n.

鸟冠; 羽冠

(昔日头盔山的)羽饰

(尤指上的)顶, (波浪的)峰

信封, 信笺上的饰章

crested

[D.J.:ˈkrestid]

[K.K.:ˈkrɛstɪd]

adj.

有顶饰的,有纹章的,有冠毛的

cresting

[D.J.:ˈkrestiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkrɛstɪŋ]

n.

顶饰

crest *

1. crest crests
If you say that you are on the crest of a wave , you mean that you are feeling very happy and confident because things are going well for you.

- The band are riding on the crest of a wave with the worldwide success of their number one selling single.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

2. crest crests cresting crested
When someone crests a hill, they reach the top of it. (WRITTEN)

- The first wave of marchers crested the hill.

VB

3. crest crests
A bird's crest is a group of upright feathers on the top of its head.

- Both birds had a dark blue crest.

N-COUNT

4. crest crests
A crest is a design that is the symbol of a noble family, a town, or an organization.

- On the wall is the family crest.

N-COUNT

crested

1. crested
A crested bird is a bird that has a crest on its head.

- ...crested hawks.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. crested
Crested objects have on them the crest of a noble family, a town, or an organization.

- ...crested china.

- ...crested writing paper.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

crest

noun

1.

top

apex

crown

highest point

peak

pinnacle

ridge

summit

2.

tuft

comb

crown

mane

plume

3.

emblem

badge

bearings

device

insignia

symbol

crestfallen

[D.J.:ˈkrestˌfɔ:lən]

[K.K.:ˈkrɛstˌfɔlən]

adj.

沮丧的;垂头丧气的

crestfallen

crestfallen
If you look crestfallen , you look sad and disappointed about something.
ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

crestfallen

adjective

disappointed

dejected

depressed

despondent

discouraged

disheartened

downcast

downhearted

cretin

[D.J.:ˈkretin]

[K.K.:ˈkritn]

n.

笨蛋, 白痴

cretin

cretin cretins
If you call someone a cretin , you think they are very stupid.
N-COUNT disapproval
= moron

cretinous

adj.

白痴病的

cretinous

cretinous
If you describe someone as cretinous , you think they are very stupid.
ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= moronic

crevasse

[D.J.:kriˈvæs]

[K.K.:krɪˈvæs]

n.

破口,崩溃处,裂缝

vt.

使有裂缝

crevasse

crevasse crevasses
A crevasse is a large, deep crack in thick ice or rock.

- He fell down a crevasse.

N-COUNT

crevice

[D.J.:ˈkrevɪs]

[K.K.:ˈkrɛvɪs]

n.

(尤指岩石的)裂缝;缺口

crevice

crevice crevices
A crevice is a narrow crack or gap, especially in a rock.

- ...a huge boulder with rare ferns growing in every crevice.

N-COUNT
= fissure

crevice

noun

gap

chink

cleft

crack

cranny

fissure

hole

opening

slit

crew

[D.J.:kru:]

[K.K.:kru]

n.

全体船员, 全体机务人员

一队(或一班、一组)工作人员

crew ***

1. crew crews
The crew of a ship, an aircraft, or a spacecraft is the people who work on and operate it.

- The mission for the crew of the space shuttle Endeavour is essentially over.

- Despite their size, these vessels carry small crews, usually of around twenty men.

- The surviving crew members were ferried ashore.

N-COUNT-COLL

2. crew crews
A crew is a group of people with special technical skills who work together on a task or project.

- ...a two-man film crew making a documentary...

- A paramedic ambulance crew went to the accident scene but were unable to save Mrs Wilson.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. crew crews crewing crewed
If you crew a boat, you work on it as part of the crew.

- She was already a keen and experienced sailor, having crewed in both Merlin and Grayling.

- There were to be five teams of three crewing the boat.

- ...a fully crewed yacht.

VB

4. crew
You can use crew to refer to a group of people you disapprove of. (INFORMAL)

- ...the motley crew of failed and aspiring actors who comprised the `distinguished guests'...

- This crew of killers and life-wreckers are headed by the mad but cunning Nino Brown.

N-SING-COLL: oft N of n disapproval
= rabble gang

crew

noun

1.

(ship's) company

hands

(ship's) complement

2.

team

corps

gang

posse

squad

3.

crowd

band

bunch informal

gang

horde

mob

pack

set

crew cut

crew cut crew cuts
A crew cut is a man's hairstyle in which his hair is cut very short.
N-COUNT also crewcut .

crewman

[ˈkru:mən]

n.

船员, 乘务员

crewman *

crewman crewmen
A crewman is a member of a crew.
N-COUNT

crew neck

crew neck crew necks
A crew neck or a crew neck sweater is a sweater with a round neck.
N-COUNT also crewneck .

crib

[D.J.:krib]

[K.K.:krɪb]

n.

〈尤美〉(有栏杆的)小儿床

饲料槽

(尤指在学校的)抄袭, 剽窃

vt. & vi.

抄袭, 剽窃

cribbing

[ˈkribiŋ]

n.

剽窃,抄袭

crib *

1. crib cribs
A crib is a bed for a small baby.
N-COUNT

2. crib cribs cribbing cribbed
If you crib , you copy something that someone else has written and pretend that it is your own work. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- You have been cribbing from Bennett.

- He had been caught cribbing in an exam.

VB
= copy

crib

noun Informal

1.

translation

key

2.

cradle

bassinet

bed

cot

3.

manger

rack

stall

verb

4.

copy

cheat

pirate

plagiarize

purloin

steal

crib death

crib death crib deaths
Crib death is the sudden death of a baby while it is asleep, although the baby had not previously been ill. (AM; in BRIT use cot death )
N-VAR

crick

[D.J.:krik]

[K.K.:krɪk]

n.

急性硬直,肌肉抽筋

vt.

引起痉挛

crick

crick cricks
If you have a crick in your neck or in your back, you have a pain there caused by muscles becoming stiff.
N-COUNT

cricket

[D.J.:ˈkrikit]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪkɪt]

n.

蟋蟀

板球

cricket ***

1. cricket
Cricket is an outdoor game played between two teams. Players try to score points, called runs, by hitting a ball with a wooden bat.

- During the summer term we would play cricket at the village ground.

- ...the Yorkshire County Cricket Club.

N-UNCOUNT

2. cricket
If you say that someone's behaviour is not cricket , you mean that they have not behaved fairly. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- Their treatment of staff is definitely not cricket.

PHR: v-link PHR

3. cricket crickets
A cricket is a small jumping insect that produces short, loud sounds by rubbing its wings together.
N-COUNT

cricketer

[ˈkrikitə]

n.

板球运动员

cricketer *

cricketer cricketers
A cricketer is a person who plays cricket.
N-COUNT

cricketing

板球呢

cricketing *

cricketing
Cricketing means relating to or taking part in cricket.

- ...England's cricketing heroes.

- ...his brief cricketing career.

ADJ: ADJ n

crikey

[ˈkraiki]

int.

唉呀!

crikey

crikey
Some people say crikey in order to express surprise, especially at something unpleasant. (INFORMAL)
EXCLAM feelings
= blimey

crime

[kraim]

n.

罪, 罪行, 犯罪

crime ****

1. crime crimes
A crime is an illegal action or activity for which a person can be punished by law.

- He and Lieutenant Cassidy were checking the scene of the crime.

- Mr Steele has committed no crime and poses no danger to the public.

- Endangering their lives will be regarded as a crime against humanity.

- ...the growing problem of organised crime...

- We need a positive programme of crime prevention.

N-VAR

2. crime crimes
If you say that doing something is a crime , you think it is very wrong or a serious mistake.

- A language is a finely tuned instrument which it is a crime to damage.

- It would be a crime to travel all the way to Australia and not stop in Sydney.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft it v-link N to-inf disapproval
= sin

crime

noun Informal

1.

offence

felony

misdeed

misdemeanour

transgression

trespass

unlawful act

violation

2.

lawbreaking

corruption

illegality

misconduct

vice

wrongdoing

crime wave

crime wave
When more crimes than usual are committed in a particular place, you can refer to this as a crime wave .

- The police blame much of the recent crime wave on rival gangs.

N-SING also crimewave .

criminal

[D.J.:ˈkriminəl]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪmənəl]

n.

罪犯, 犯人

adj.

刑事的, 犯罪的

关于犯罪的

可耻的; 不道德的

criminality

[D.J.:ˌkrimiˈnæləti]

[K.K.:ˌkrɪməˈnælɪti]

n.

有罪,犯罪,犯罪行为

criminally

adv.

刑法上,犯了罪地

criminal ****

1. criminal criminals
A criminal is a person who regularly commits crimes.

- A group of gunmen attacked a prison and set free nine criminals in Moroto.

N-COUNT
= offender

2. criminal
Criminal means connected with crime.

- Her husband faces various criminal charges.

- At 17, he had a criminal record for petty theft.

- Doug was found guilty of criminal assault and sentenced to six months in jail.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. criminality

- Between 1960 and 1985 we had a tenfold increase of criminality.

N-UNCOUNT

4. criminally

- ...a hospital for the criminally insane.

ADV: usu ADV adj/-ed

5. criminal
If you describe an action as criminal , you think it is very wrong or a serious mistake.

- He said a full-scale dispute involving strikes would be criminal.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ disapproval

6. criminally

- It was, he said, criminally irresponsible for any party to say it would never raise personal taxation.

ADV: ADV adj

criminal

noun

1.

lawbreaker

convict

crook informal

culprit

felon

offender

sinner

villain

adjective

2.

unlawful

corrupt

crooked informal

illegal

illicit

immoral

lawless

wicked

wrong

3.

disgraceful

deplorable

foolish

preposterous

ridiculous

scandalous

senseless

criminal court

criminal court criminal courts
A criminal court is a law court that deals with criminal offences.
N-COUNT

criminalize

[D.J.:ˈkriminəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪmənəˌlaɪz]

vt.

宣布…犯法；使负刑事责任

criminalize

criminalize criminalizes criminalizing criminalized
If a government criminalizes an action or person, it officially declares that the action or the person's behaviour is illegal.

- There is no move to criminalise alcohol.

- ...a deliberate campaign to criminalise members of the former government.

VB (BRIT) also criminalise

criminologist

n.

犯罪学者,刑事学家

criminology

[D.J.:ˌkrɪməˈnɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˌkrɪməˈnɑlədʒi]

n.

犯罪学

criminologist

n.

犯罪学家

criminology *

1. criminology
Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals.
N-UNCOUNT

2. criminologist criminologists

- ...a criminologist at the University of Montreal.

N-COUNT

crimp

[D.J.:krimp]

[K.K.:krɪmp]

vt.

使(头发)卷曲; 把…压成褶子

crimped

adj.

起皱褶的,有波纹的

crimping

卷边,弯边

crimp

1. crimp crimps crimping crimped
If you crimp something such as a piece of fabric or pastry, you make small folds in it.

- Crimp the edges to seal them tightly.

VB

2. crimp crimps crimping crimped
To crimp something means to restrict or reduce it. (AM)

- The dollar's recent strength is crimping overseas sales and profits.

VB

crimplene

[ˈkrimpli:n]

n.

克林普纶(一种不易起皱的布料)

crimplene

crimplene
Crimplene is an artificial fabric used for making clothes which does not crease easily. (TRADEMARK, mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

crimson

[D.J.:ˈkrimzn]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪmzən]

n.

深红

adj.

深红的

crimson *

1. crimson crimsons
Something that is crimson is deep red in colour.

- ...a mass of crimson flowers.

- ...the lurid, crimson glow of the blast furnaces.

COLOUR

2. crimson
If a person goes crimson , their face becomes red because they are angry or embarrassed.

- I used to refuse invitations to parties because I knew I'd go crimson every time someone talked to me.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

cringe

[D.J.:krɪndʒ]

[K.K.:krɪndʒ]

vi.

畏缩, 退缩

卑躬屈膝, 阿谀奉承

憎恶

cringe *

cringe cringes cringing cringed
If you cringe at something, you feel embarrassed or disgusted, and perhaps show this feeling in your expression or by making a slight movement.

- Molly had cringed when Ann started picking up the guitar.

- Chris had cringed at the thought of using her own family for publicity.

- I cringed in horror.

VB
= recoil

cringe

verb Informal

1.

shrink

cower

draw back

flinch

recoil

shy

wince

2.

grovel

bootlick informal

crawl

creep

fawn

kowtow

pander to

toady

crinkle

[D.J.:ˈkrɪŋkəl]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪŋkəl]

vt. & vi.

(使)起皱

n.

(布或纸上的)皱纹

crinkling

起皱

crinkle

1. crinkle crinkles crinkling crinkled
If something crinkles or if you crinkle it, it becomes slightly creased or folded.

- He shrugged whimsically, his eyes crinkling behind his glasses.

- When she laughs, she crinkles her perfectly-formed nose.

- If a plant has spotted or crinkled leaves, do not use it for propagation.

V-ERG

2. crinkle crinkles
Crinkles are small creases or folds.
N-COUNT

crinkly

[ˈkriŋkli]

adj.

起皱的,绉褶多的,卷缩的

crinkly

crinkly
A crinkly object has many small creases or folds in it or in its surface.

- ...her big crinkly face...

- Try Greek-style crinkly olives for a richer flavour.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

crinoline

[D.J.:ˈkrinəli:n]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪnəlɪn]

n.

裙衬,带衬的裙,四周鼓出的裙

crinoline

crinoline crinolines
A crinoline was a round frame which women wore under their skirts in the 19th century.
N-COUNT

cripple

[D.J.:ˈkripl]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪpəl]

vt.

使跛, 受伤致残

严重削弱, 使陷于瘫痪

crippled

[D.J.:ˈkrɪpld]

[K.K.: ˈkrɪpl..d]

adj.

跛腿的;残废的

crippling

[D.J.:ˈkrɪplɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪplɪŋ]

adj.

严重损害身体的

极有害的;有严重后果的

cripple **

1. cripple cripples
A person with a physical disability or a serious permanent injury is sometimes referred to as a cripple . (OFFENSIVE)

- She has gone from being a healthy, fit, and sporty young woman to being a cripple.

N-COUNT

2. cripple cripples crippling crippled
If someone is crippled by an injury, it is so serious that they can never move their body properly again.

- Mr Easton was seriously crippled in an accident and had to leave his job.

- He had been warned that another bad fall could cripple him for life.

- He heaved his crippled leg into an easier position.

VB

3. cripple cripples
If you describe someone as an emotional cripple , you mean that they have a particular psychological or emotional problem which prevents them from living a normal life.
N-COUNT

4. cripple cripples crippling crippled
If something cripples a person, it causes them severe psychological or emotional problems.

- Howard wanted to be a popular singer, but stage fright crippled him.

- I'm not perfect but I'm also not emotionally crippled or lonely.

VB

5. cripple cripples crippling crippled
To cripple a machine, organization, or system means to damage it severely or prevent it from working properly.

- Let's try to cripple their communications.

- A total cut-off of supplies would cripple Jordan's economy.

- The pilot was able to maneuver the crippled aircraft out of the hostile area.

VB

crippling *

1. crippling
A crippling illness or disability is one that severely damages your health or your body.

- Arthritis and rheumatism are prominent crippling diseases.

- They both suffered from crippling pains in their hips.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. crippling
If you say that an action, policy, or situation has a crippling effect on something, you mean it has a very serious, harmful effect.

- The high cost of capital has a crippling effect on many small American high-tech firms.

- The American military presence on the islands had suffered a crippling blow.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. cripplingly

- ...cripplingly high interest rates.

ADV

cripple

verb

1.

disable

hamstring

incapacitate

lame

maim

paralyse

weaken

2.

damage

destroy

impair

put out of action

put paid to

ruin

spoil

crippled

adjective

disabled

handicapped

incapacitated

laid up informal

lame

paralysed

crises

n.

危险,危险期,紧要关头

crisis

[D.J.:ˈkraisis]

[K.K.:ˈkraɪsɪs]

n.

危机, 危急关头

决定性时刻, 关键阶段

crisis ****

crisis crises
A crisis is a situation in which something or someone is affected by one or more very serious problems.

- Natural disasters have obviously contributed to the continent's economic crisis.

- The Italian political system has been judged to be in terminal crisis for decades.

- ...children's illnesses or other family crises...

- He's having a mid-life crisis.

- ...someone to turn to in moments of crisis.

N-VAR: oft supp N

crisis

noun

1.

critical point

climax

crunch informal

crux

culmination

height

moment of truth

turning point

2.

emergency

deep water

dire straits

meltdown informal

panic stations informal

plight

predicament

trouble

crisp

[D.J.:krisp]

[K.K.:krɪsp]

adj.

脆的, 鲜脆的

新奇的, 整洁的

清新的, 干冷的

干净利落的, 简明扼要的

n.

〈英〉炸马铃薯片

crisped

[D.J.:krɪspt]

[K.K.:krɪspt]

皱波状的

crisper

[D.J.:ˈkrispə]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪspɚ]

n.

新鲜蔬菜保存盒

crisping

[ˈkrispiŋ]

n.

匀边电路

crisply

[D.J.:ˈkrɪsplɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪsplɪ]

adv.

酥脆地;爽快地

crispness

n.

易碎,精神愉快

crisp **

1. crisp crisper crispest
Food that is crisp is pleasantly hard, or has a pleasantly hard surface.

- Bake the potatoes for 15 minutes, till they're nice and crisp.

- ...crisp bacon.

- ...crisp lettuce.

ADJ-GRADED approval
≠ soggy

2. crispness

- The pizza base retains its crispness without becoming brittle.

N-UNCOUNT

3. crisply

- ...crisply fried onion rings.

ADV-GRADED

4. crisp crisps crisping crisped
If food crisps or if you crisp it, it becomes pleasantly hard, for example because you have heated it at a high temperature.

- Cook the bacon until it begins to crisp.

- Spread breadcrumbs on a dry baking sheet and crisp them in the oven.

V-ERG

5. crisp crisps
Crisps are very thin slices of fried potato that are eaten cold as a snack. (BRIT; in AM use chips or potato chips )

- ...a packet of crisps.

- ...cheese and onion potato crisps.

N-COUNT: usu pl

6. crisp crisper crispest
Weather that is pleasantly fresh, cold, and dry can be described as crisp .

- ...a crisp autumn day.

ADJ-GRADED approval

7. crisp crisper crispest
Crisp cloth or paper is clean and has no creases in it.

- He wore a panama hat and a crisp white suit.

- I slipped between the crisp clean sheets.

- ...crisp banknotes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

8. crisply

- ...his crisply pressed suit.

ADV-GRADED

9. crisp crisper crispest
Leaves or snow that make a loud noise when you walk on them can be described as crisp .

- ...crisp autumn leaves...

- He crunched through the crisp snow.

ADJ-GRADED

10. crisp crisper crispest
If you describe someone's writing or speech as crisp , you mean they write or speak very clearly, without mentioning unnecessary details. This may make them seem unfriendly.

- `Very well,' I said, adopting a crisp authoritative tone.

ADJ-GRADED

11. crisply

- `I'm not a journalist,' said Mary Ann crisply.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v

12. crisp
If something is burnt to a crisp , it is completely burnt. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects emphasis

crisp

adjective

1.

crunchy

brittle

crispy

crumbly

firm

fresh

2.

clean

neat

smart

spruce

tidy

trim

well-groomed

well-pressed

3.

bracing

brisk

fresh

invigorating

refreshing

crispbread

[ˈkrispbred]

n.

(用碾碎的黑麦等制成的)薄脆饼干

crispbread

crispbread crispbreads
Crispbreads are thin dry biscuits made from wheat or rye. They are often eaten instead of bread by people who want to lose weight.
N-VAR

crispy

[D.J.:ˈkrispi]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪspi]

adj.

易碎的,精神爽快的

crispy

crispy crispier crispiest
Food that is crispy is pleasantly hard, or has a pleasantly hard surface.

- ...crispy fried onions.

- ...crispy bread rolls.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= crisp

criss-crossing

交叉杂交

criss-cross *

1. criss-cross criss-crosses criss-crossing criss-crossed
If a person or thing criss-crosses an area, they travel from one side to the other and back again many times, following different routes. If a number of things criss-cross an area, they cross it, and cross over each other.

- They criss-crossed the country by bus.

- Telephone wires criss-cross the street.

VB also crisscross .

2. criss-cross criss-crosses criss-crossing criss-crossed
If two sets of lines or things criss-cross , they cross over each other.

- Wires criss-cross between the tops of the poles, forming a grid.

- The roads here are quite a maze, criss-crossing one another in a fashion that at times defies logic.

- ...a complicated labyrinth of criss-crossing paths...

- Support rows of beans with criss-crossed canes.

V-RECIP also crisscross .

3. criss-cross
A criss-cross pattern or design consists of lines crossing each other.

- Slash the tops of the loaves with a sharp serrated knife in a criss-cross pattern.

ADJ: ADJ n also crisscross .

criteria

[D.J.:kraɪˈtɪərɪə]

[K.K.:kraɪˈtɪrɪə]

(criterion的复数)

criterion

[D.J.:kraiˈtiəriən]

[K.K.:kraɪˈtɪriən]

n.

(批评、判断等的)标准, 准则

criterion **

criterion criteria
A criterion is a factor on which you judge or decide something.

- The most important criterion for entry is that applicants must design and make their own work.

- British defence policy had to meet three criteria if it was to succeed.

N-COUNT: oft N for n/-ing

criterion

noun

standard

bench mark

gauge

measure

principle

rule

test

touchstone

yardstick

critic

[D.J.:ˈkritik]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪtɪk]

n.

批评家, 评论家

critic ****

1. critic critics
A critic is a person who writes about and expresses opinions about things such as books, films, music, or art.

- Mather was film critic on the Daily Telegraph for many years.

- The New York critics had praised her performance.

N-COUNT: oft n N
= reviewer

2. critic critics
Someone who is a critic of a person or system disapproves of them and criticizes them publicly.

- The newspaper has been the most consistent critic of the government.

- He became a fierce critic of the tobacco industry.

- Her critics accused her of caring only about success.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

critic

noun

1.

judge

analyst

authority

commentator

connoisseur

expert

pundit

reviewer

2.

fault-finder

attacker

detractor

knocker informal

critical

[D.J.:ˈkritikəl]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪtɪkəl]

adj.

决定性的, 关键性的, 危急的

批评的, 批判的

critically

[D.J.:ˈkrɪtɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪtɪklɪ]

adv.

批判性地;苛求地

危急地;严重地

critical ****

1. critical
A critical time, factor, or situation is extremely important.

- The incident happened at a critical point in the campaign.

- Environmentalists say a critical factor in the city's pollution is its population.

- He says setting priorities is of critical importance.

- How you finance a business is critical to the success of your venture.

ADJ-GRADED
= crucial

2. critically

- Economic prosperity depends critically on an open world trading system.

- It was a critically important moment in his career.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. critical
A critical situation is very serious and dangerous.

- The German authorities are considering an airlift if the situation becomes critical.

- Its day-to-day finances are in a critical state.

ADJ

4. critically

- Moscow is running critically low on food supplies.

ADV: usu ADV adj

5. critical
If a person is critical or in a critical condition in hospital, they are seriously ill.

- Ten of the injured are said to be in critical condition.

ADJ

6. critically

- She was critically ill.

- A youth was killed and another critically injured.

ADV: usu ADV adj, also ADV with v

7. critical
To be critical of someone or something means to criticize them.

- His report is highly critical of the trial judge.

- ...a few dozen intellectuals who've been critical of the regime...

- He has apologised for critical remarks he made about the referee.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of n

8. critically

- She spoke critically of Lara.

ADV-GRADED

9. critical
A critical approach to something involves examining and judging it carefully.

- We need to become critical text-readers.

- Marx's work was more than a critical study of capitalist production.

- ...the critical analysis of political ideas.

ADJ: ADJ n
= analytical

10. critically

- Wyman watched them critically.

ADV-GRADED

11. critical
If something or someone receives critical acclaim, critics say that it is very good.

- The film met with considerable critical and public acclaim.

- The show was also a resounding critical success.

ADJ: ADJ n

critical

adjective

1.

crucial

all-important

decisive

pivotal

precarious

pressing

serious

urgent

vital

2.

disparaging

captious

censorious

derogatory

disapproving

fault-finding

nagging

nit-picking informal

scathing

3.

analytical

discerning

discriminating

fastidious

judicious

penetrating

perceptive

critical mass

1. critical mass
In physics, the critical mass of a substance is the minimum amount of it that is needed for a nuclear chain reaction. (TECHNICAL)
N-SING: also no det

2. critical mass
A critical mass of something is an amount of it that makes it possible for something to happen or continue.

- Only in this way can the critical mass of participation be reached.

N-SING: also no det

criticism

[D.J.:ˈkritisizəm]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm]

n.

批评, 批判, 指责

评论, 评论文章

criticism ****

1. criticism criticisms
Criticism is the action of expressing disapproval of something or someone. A criticism is a statement that expresses disapproval.

- This policy had repeatedly come under strong criticism on Capitol Hill.

- The criticism that the English do not truly care about their children was often voiced.

N-VAR: oft N of n, N that
≠ praise

2. criticism
Criticism is a serious examination and judgement of something such as a book or play.

- She has published more than 20 books including novels, poetry and literary criticism.

N-UNCOUNT
= analysis review

criticism

noun

1.

fault-finding

bad press

censure

character assassination

disapproval

disparagement

flak informal

stick slang

2.

analysis

appraisal

appreciation

assessment

comment

commentary

critique

evaluation

judgment

criticize

[D.J.:ˈkritisaiz]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz]

vt. & vi.

评论, 批评

criticize ***

criticize criticizes criticizing criticized
If you criticize someone or something, you express your disapproval of them by saying what you think is wrong with them.

- His mother had rarely criticized him or any of her children.

- The minister criticised the police for failing to come up with any leads.

- The regime has been harshly criticized for serious human rights violations.

VB (BRIT) also criticise
≠ praise

criticize

verb

find fault with

carp

censure

condemn

disapprove of

disparage

knock informal

put down

slate informal

critique

[D.J.:krɪˈti:k]

[K.K.:krɪˈtik]

n.

评论文章;评论

critique *

critique critiques
A critique is a written examination and judgement of a situation or of a person's work or ideas. (FORMAL)

- She had brought a book, a feminist critique of Victorian lady novelists.

- ...the Marxist critique of capitalism.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= evaluation

critter

[D.J.:ˈkritə]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪtɚ]

n.

动物

人; (尤指)可怜的人

critter

critter critters
A critter is a living creature. (AM, INFORMAL)

- ...little furry critters.

N-COUNT

croak

[D.J.:krəʊk]

[K.K.:krok]

vi.

呱呱地叫

vt. & vi.

用粗的声音说

n.

呱呱的叫声

croak

1. croak croaks croaking croaked
When a frog or bird croaks , it makes a harsh, low sound.

- Thousands of frogs croaked in the reeds by the riverbank.

VB

2. croak croaks
Also a noun.

- ...the guttural croak of the frogs.

N-COUNT

3. croak croaks croaking croaked
If someone croaks something, they say it in a low, rough voice.

- Tiller moaned and managed to croak, `Help me.'.

- She croaked something unintelligible.

VB

4. croak croaks
Also a noun.

- His voice was just a croak.

N-COUNT

croak

verb

squawk

caw

grunt

utter or speak huskily

wheeze

croaky

[ˈkrəuki]

adj.

哇哇叫的

croaky

croaky
If someone's voice is croaky , it is low and rough.
ADJ-GRADED

crochet

[D.J.:krəʊˈʃeɪ]

[K.K.:kroˈʃe]

n.

钩针编织品,钩针织物

vt.

用钩针编织

crocheting

钩编,钩编工艺

crochet

1. crochet
Crochet is a way of making cloth out of cotton or wool by using a needle with a small hook at the end.

- ...a black crochet waistcoat.

N-UNCOUNT

2. crochet crochets crocheting crocheted
If you crochet , you make cloth by using a needle with a small hook at the end.

- She offered to teach me to crochet.

- Ma and I crocheted new quilts.

- ...crocheted rugs.

VB

crock

[D.J.:krɔk]

[K.K.:krɑk]

n.

坛子,瓦罐碴

crock

1. crock crocks
A crock is a clay pot or jar. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...an earthenware bread crock.

N-COUNT

2. crock crocks
If you describe someone as an old crock , you mean that they are old and weak. (BRIT, INFORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED)

- But you don't want some old crock like me.

N-COUNT

3. crock crocks
If you describe what someone has said as a crock , you mean that you think it is foolish, wrong, or untrue. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu sing disapproval

crockery

[D.J.:ˈkrɔkəri:]

[K.K.:ˈkrɑkəri]

n.

陶器

crockery

crockery
Crockery is the plates, cups, saucers, and dishes that you use at meals. (mainly BRIT)

- We had no fridge, cooker, cutlery or crockery.

N-UNCOUNT
= earthenware china

crocodile

[D.J.:ˈkrɔkədail]

[K.K.:ˈkrɑkəˌdaɪl]

n.

鳄鱼

crocodile *

1. crocodile crocodiles
A crocodile is a large reptile with a long body and strong jaws. Crocodiles live in rivers and eat meat.
N-COUNT

2. crocodile crocodiles
A crocodile of people, especially school children, or vehicles is a long line of them, moving together. (BRIT)

- The children walk in crocodiles from the schoolhouse to the dining-room for lunch.

- ...a long crocodile of coaches.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, also in N

crocodile tears

crocodile tears
If someone is crying crocodile tears , their tears and sadness are not genuine or sincere.

- The sight of George shedding crocodile tears made me sick.

N-PLURAL

crocus

[D.J.:ˈkrəukəs]

[K.K.:ˈkrokəs]

n.

番红花属,番红花,磨粉

crocus

crocus crocuses
Crocuses are small white, yellow, or purple flowers that are grown in parks and gardens in the early spring.
N-COUNT

croft

[D.J.:krɔft]

[K.K.:krɔft, krɑft]

n.

〈英〉(住宅附近的)小田地,(尤指佃户经营的)小农地

croft

croft crofts
In Scotland, a croft is a small piece of land which is owned and farmed by one family and which provides them with food.

- ...a remote croft near Loch Nevis.

N-COUNT

crofter

[D.J.:ˈkrɔftə]

[K.K.:ˈkrɔftɚ, ˈkrɑf-]

n.

小农场中的佃农

crofter

crofter crofters
In Scotland, a crofter is a person who lives on a croft or small farm.
N-COUNT

crofting

n.

小农场租期,日光漂白

crofting

crofting
In Scotland, crofting is the activity of farming on small pieces of land.

- ...isolated crofting communities.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

croissant

[D.J.:krwɑ:ˈsɑ:ŋ, krəˈsɑ:nt]

[K.K.:krwɑˈsɑŋ, krəˈsɑnt]

n.

羊角面包

croissant

croissant croissants
Croissants are small, sweet bread rolls in the shape of a crescent that are eaten for breakfast.

- ...coffee and croissants.

N-VAR

crone

[D.J.:krəun]

[K.K.:kron]

n.

干瘪老丑婆

crone

crone crones
A crone is an ugly old woman. (LITERARY)
N-COUNT

crony

[D.J.:ˈkrəʊni:]

[K.K.:ˈkroni]

n.

(有权势者的)密友, 朋友

crony *

crony cronies
You can refer to friends that someone spends a lot of time with as their cronies , especially when you disapprove of them. (INFORMAL)

- Daily he returned, tired and maudlin from lunchtime drinking sessions with his business cronies.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

cronyism

[D.J.:ˈkrəʊni:ˌɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈkroniˌɪzəm]

n.

任用亲信

cronyism

cronyism
If you accuse someone in authority of cronyism , you mean that they use their power or authority to get jobs for their friends. (JOURNALISM)
N-UNCOUNT disapproval

crook

[D.J.:krʊk]

[K.K.:krʊk]

n.

(牧羊人或主教用的)弯拐杖

弯曲部分;弯曲处

骗子,恶棍，窃贼

罪犯,犯人

by hook or by crook

想方设法；不择手段

vt.

弯成钩形

crookery

n.

不正当行为

crooked

[D.J.:ˈkrukid]

[K.K.:ˈkrʊkɪd]

adj.

畸形的

弯曲的, 歪的

不正当的, 不诚实的

crookedly

弯曲地

crookery

[D.J.:ˈkrukəri]

[K.K.:ˈkrʊkəri]

n.

欺骗,诈骗

crooking

[ˈkrukiŋ]

n.

弯曲(木材等的缺陷)

crook **

1. crook crooks
A crook is a dishonest person or a criminal. (INFORMAL)

- The man is a crook and a liar.

- Donaldson was a petty crook with a string of previous offences.

N-COUNT

2. crook crooks
The crook of your arm or leg is the soft inside part where you bend your elbow or knee.

- She hid her face in the crook of her arm.

N-COUNT: usu sing, the N of n

3. crook crooks crooking crooked
If you crook your arm or finger, you bend it.

- He crooked his finger: `Come forward,' he said.

VB

4. crook crooks
A crook is a long pole with a large hook at the end. A crook is carried by a bishop in religious ceremonies, or by a shepherd.

- ...a shepherd's crook.

N-COUNT

5. crook
If someone says they will do something by hook or by crook , they are determined to do it, even if they have to make a great effort or use dishonest means.

- They intend to get their way, by hook or by crook.

PHR: PHR with cl, PHR with v

crooked *

1. crooked
If you describe something as crooked , especially something that is usually straight, you mean that it is bent or twisted.

- ...the crooked line of his broken nose.

- ...a crooked little tree.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ straight

2. crooked
A crooked smile is uneven and bigger on one side than the other.

- Polly gave her a crooked grin.

ADJ-GRADED
= lopsided

3. crookedly

- Nick was smiling crookedly at her.

ADV

4. crooked
If you describe a person or an activity as crooked , you mean that they are dishonest or criminal. (INFORMAL)

- ...a crooked cop...

- She might expose his crooked business deals to her tax inspector brother.

ADJ
= bent ≠ straight

crook

noun Informal

criminal

cheat

racketeer

robber

rogue

shark

swindler

thief

villain

crooked

adjective

1.

bent

curved

deformed

distorted

hooked

irregular

misshapen

out of shape

twisted

warped

zigzag

2.

at an angle

askew

awry

lopsided

off-centre

skewwhiff Brit. informal

slanting

squint

uneven

3.

dishonest

bent slang

corrupt

criminal

fraudulent

illegal

shady informal

underhand

unlawful

croon

[D.J.:kru:n]

[K.K.:krun]

vt. & vi.

带感情地唱(古老的流行歌曲等)

低声吟唱

croon *

1. croon croons crooning crooned
If you croon , you sing or hum quietly and gently.

- He would much rather have been crooning in a smoky bar.

- Later in the evening, Lewis began to croon another Springsteen song.

VB

2. croon croons crooning crooned
If one person talks to another in a soft gentle voice, you can describe them as crooning , especially if you think they are being sentimental or insincere.

- `Dear boy,' she crooned, hugging him heartily.

- The man was crooning soft words of encouragement to his wife.

VB

croon

verb Informal

sing

hum

purr

warble

crooner

[ˈkru:nə]

n.

低声唱歌的人或歌手

crooner

crooner crooners
A crooner is a male singer who sings sentimental songs, especially the love songs of the 1930s and 1940s.
N-COUNT

crop

[D.J.:krɔp]

[K.K.:krɑp]

n.

作物, 庄稼

(谷物等的)收获, 收成

一群(人), 一批(事物)

vt.

剪短, 修剪

播种, 种植

vi.

收成

cropped

裁切不正的

cropping

[ˈkrɔpiŋ]

n.

(织物)剪毛,落布;切料

crop ***

1. crop crops
Crops are plants such as wheat and potatoes that are grown in large quantities for food.

- Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops by hand.

- The main crop is wheat and this is grown even on the very steep slopes.

N-COUNT
See also cash crop .

2. crop crops
The plants or fruits that are collected at harvest time are referred to as a crop .

- Each year it produces a fine crop of fruit.

- The US government says that this year's corn crop should be about 8 percent more than last year.

- In the Middle Ages, years of crop failure were always followed by terrible disease.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= harvest

3. crop
You can refer to a group of people or things that have appeared together as a crop of people or things. (INFORMAL)

- The present crop of books and documentaries about Marilyn Monroe exploit the thirtieth anniversary of her death.

- Next year's crop of undergraduates opting to take physics represents just 2 per cent of all undergraduates.

N-SING: N of n
= batch

4. crop crops cropping cropped
When a plant crops , it produces fruits or parts which people want.

- Although these vegetables adapt well to our temperate climate, they tend to crop poorly.

VB

5. crop crops cropping cropped
When you crop something that you have planted, you collect the fruits or parts that you want from it.

- I started cropping my beans in July.

VB

6. crop crops cropping cropped
When an animal such as a cow or horse crops leaves or plants, it eats them.

- I let the horse drop his head to crop the spring grass.

VB

7. crop crops cropping cropped
To crop someone's hair means to cut it short.

- She cropped her hair and dyed it blonde.

VB

8. cropped

- She had cropped grey hair.

ADJ

9. crop crops
A crop is a short hairstyle.

- She had her long hair cut into a boyish crop.

N-COUNT: usu sing

10. crop crops cropping cropped
If you crop a photograph, you cut part of it off, in order to get rid of part of the picture or to be able to frame it.

- I decided to crop the picture just above the water line.

- Her husband was cropped from the photograph.

VB

cropped *

cropped
Cropped items of clothing are shorter than normal.

- Women athletes wear cropped tops and tight shorts.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
See also crop .

crop

noun

1.

produce

fruits

gathering

harvest

reaping

vintage

yield

verb

2.

cut

clip

lop

pare

prune

shear

snip

trim

3.

graze

browse

nibble

crop up ***

crop up crops up; cropping up; cropped up
If something crops up , it appears or happens, usually unexpectedly.

- His name has cropped up at every selection meeting this season.

- Problems will crop up and hit you before you are ready.

PHR-V

crop up

verb Informal

happen

appear

arise

emerge

occur

spring up

turn up

cropper

[D.J.:ˈkrɔpə]

[K.K.:ˈkrɑpɚ]

n.

种植者,农作物,修剪机,割草机,收割机

cropper

cropper
If you say that someone has come a cropper , you mean that they have had an unexpected and embarrassing failure. (INFORMAL)

- Several companies that made use of elastic accounting practices have since come a cropper.

PHR: V inflects

crop top

crop top crop tops
A crop top is a very short, usually tight, top worn by a girl or a woman.
N-COUNT

croquet

[D.J.:ˈkrəukei]

[K.K.:kroˈke]

n.

槌球戏,循环球戏

vi.

击自己的球使其撞打对方的球

croquet

croquet
Croquet is a game played on grass in which the players use long wooden sticks called mallets to hit balls through metal arches.
N-UNCOUNT

croquette

[D.J.:krəuˈket]

[K.K.:kroˈkɛt]

n.

〈法〉炸丸子,炸肉饼

croquette

croquette croquettes
Croquettes are small amounts of mashed potato or meat rolled in breadcrumbs and fried.
N-COUNT

cross

[D.J.:krɔs]

[K.K.:krɔs, krɑs]

n.

十字架

十字形饰物

画十字的动作

杂交品种; 混合物

痛苦, 苦难

vt. & vi.

穿过, 越过, 渡过

交叉, 相交; 错过

vt.

反对, 阻挠; 使受挫折

adj.

坏脾气的, 易怒的

相反的, 反向的

crossed

[krɔst]

adj.

十字的,划掉的,交叉的

crosser

垫木,衬木,隔条

crossing

[D.J.:ˈkrɔsiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkrɔsɪŋ, ˈkrɑsɪŋ]

n.

人行横道

十字路口

横渡

crossings

交叉口

crossly

[D.J.:ˈkr ɔslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkr ɑslɪ]

adv.

横地;相反地;故意为难地

乖戾地;不高兴地

cross 1 verb and noun uses ****

1. cross crosses crossing crossed
If you cross something such as a room, a road, or an area of land or water, you move or travel to the other side of it. If you cross to a place, you move or travel over a room, road, or area of land or water in order to reach that place.

- She was partly to blame for failing to look as she crossed the road.

- Nine Albanians have crossed the border into Greece and asked for political asylum.

- In 1838 the first iron sailing vessel crossed the Atlantic.

- Egan crossed to the drinks cabinet and poured a Scotch.

VB
= go across

2. cross crosses crossing crossed
A road, railway, or bridge that crosses an area of land or water passes over it.

- The Defford to Eckington road crosses the river half a mile outside Eckington.

VB

3. cross crosses crossing crossed
Lines or roads that cross meet and go across each other.

- ...the intersection where Main and Center streets cross...

- It is near where the pilgrimage route crosses the road to Quimper.

V-RECIP

4. cross crosses crossing crossed
If someone or something crosses a limit or boundary, for example the limit of acceptable behaviour, they go beyond it.

- I normally never write into magazines but Mr Stubbs has finally crossed the line.

- No party is entitled to a seat in the new parliament unless it gets at least 5 per cent of the vote. Many will fail to cross that threshold.

VB

5. cross crosses crossing crossed
If an expression crosses someone's face, it appears briefly on their face. (WRITTEN)

- Berg tilts his head and a mischievous look crosses his face.

- A faint smile crossed his lips.

VB

6. cross crosses
A cross is a shape that consists of a vertical line or piece with a shorter horizontal line or piece across it. It is the most important Christian symbol.

- Round her neck was a cross on a silver chain.

- He solemnly made the sign of the cross.

- Christ died on the cross.

N-COUNT

7. cross crosses crossing crossed
If Christians cross themselves, they make the sign of a cross by moving their hand across the top half of their body.

- `Holy Mother of God!' Marco crossed himself.

VB

8. cross crosses
If you describe something as a cross that someone has to bear, you mean it is a problem or disadvantage which they have to deal with or bear.

- My wife is much cleverer than me; it is a cross I have to bear.

N-COUNT
= burden

9. cross crosses
A cross is a written mark in the shape of an X. You can use it, for example, to indicate that an answer to a question is wrong, to mark the position of something on a map, or to indicate your vote on a ballot paper.

- Put a tick next to those activities you like and a cross next to those you dislike.

N-COUNT

10. cross crosses crossing crossed
If a cheque is crossed , two parallel lines are drawn across it or printed on it to indicate that it must be paid into a bank account and cannot be cashed. (BRIT)

- Cheques/postal orders should be crossed and made payable to Newmarket Promotions.

- ...a crossed cheque.

VB: usu passive

11. cross crosses crossing crossed
If you cross your arms, legs, or fingers, you put one of them on top of the other.

- Jill crossed her legs and rested her chin on one fist, as if lost in deep thought.

- Pop crossed his arms over his chest and watched us.

- He was sitting there in the living room with his legs crossed.

VB

12. cross crosses crossing crossed
If you cross someone who is likely to get angry, you oppose them or refuse to do what they want.

- If you ever cross him, forget it, you're finished.

VB

13. cross
Something that is a cross between two things is neither one thing nor the other, but a mixture of both.

- `Ha!' It was a cross between a laugh and a bark.

- It was a lovely dog. It was a cross between a collie and a golden retriever.

N-SING: a N between pl-n

14. cross crosses
In some team sports such as soccer and hockey, a cross is the passing of the ball from the side of the field to a player in the centre, usually in front of the goal.

- Le Tissier hit an accurate cross to Groves.

N-COUNT

15. cross
A cross street is a road that crosses another more important road. (AM)

- The Army boys had personnel carriers blockading the cross streets.

ADJ: ADJ n

cross 2 adjective use **

1. cross crosser crossest
Someone who is cross is rather angry or irritated.

- The women are cross and bored.

- I'm terribly cross with him.

- She was rather cross about having to trail across London.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= annoyed

2. crossly

- `No, no, no,' Morris said crossly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

crossing **

1. crossing crossings
A crossing is a journey by boat or ship to a place on the other side of a sea, river, or lake.

- He made the crossing from Cape Town to Sydney in just over twenty-six days.

- The vessel docked in Swansea after a ten-hour crossing.

N-COUNT

2. crossing crossings
A crossing is a place where two roads, paths, or lines cross.
N-COUNT

3. crossing crossings
A crossing is the same as a pedestrian crossing . (BRIT; in AM use crosswalk )

- A car hit her on a crossing.

N-COUNT
See also pelican crossing , zebra crossing .

4. crossing crossings
A crossing is the same as a grade crossing or a level crossing .
N-COUNT

cross

verb

1.

go across

bridge

cut across

extend over

move across

pass over

span

traverse

2.

intersect

crisscross

intertwine

3.

oppose

block

impede

interfere

obstruct

resist

4.

interbreed

blend

crossbreed

cross-fertilize

cross-pollinate

hybridize

intercross

mix

mongrelize

noun

5.

crucifix

rood

6.

crossroads

crossing

intersection

junction

7.

mixture

amalgam

blend

combination

8.

trouble

affliction

burden

grief

load

misfortune

trial

tribulation

woe

worry

adjective

9.

angry

annoyed

grumpy

ill-tempered

in a bad mood

irascible

put out

short

10.

transverse

crosswise

diagonal

intersecting

oblique

cross off ****

cross off crosses off; crossing off; crossed off
If you cross off words on a list, you decide that they no longer belong on the list, and often you draw a line through them to indicate this.

- I checked the chart and found I had crossed off the wrong thing.

- They have enough trouble finding nutritious food without crossing meat off their shopping lists.

PHR-V

cross out ****

cross out crosses out; crossing out; crossed out
If you cross out words on a page, you draw a line through them, because they are wrong or because you want to change them.

- He crossed out `fellow subjects', and instead inserted `fellow citizens'.

PHR-V
= delete

cross out off

verb

strike off or out

blue-pencil

cancel

delete

eliminate

score off or out

crossbar

[D.J.:ˈkrɔsbɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈkrɔsˌbɑr, ˈkrɑs-]

n.

闩,横木,球门的横木

crossbars

十字格版框

crossbar

1. crossbar crossbars
A crossbar is a horizontal piece of wood attached to two upright pieces, for example a part of the goal in soccer.
N-COUNT

2. crossbar crossbars
The crossbar of a man's or boy's bicycle is the horizontal metal bar between the handlebars and the saddle.
N-COUNT

cross-border *

1. cross-border
Cross-border trade occurs between companies in different countries.

- Currency-conversion costs remain one of the biggest obstacles to cross-border trade.

- The stock market is convinced more cross-border deals will take place.

ADJ: ADJ n
= overseas ≠ domestic

2. cross-border
Cross-border attacks involve people crossing a border and going a short way into another country.

- ...a cross-border raid into Zambian territory.

ADJ: ADJ n

crossbow

[D.J.:ˈkrɔ:sˌbəʊ, ˈkrɔs-]

[K.K.:ˈkrɔsˌbo, ˈkrɑs-]

n.

(昔日的)石弓,弩

crossbow

crossbow crossbows
A crossbow is a weapon consisting of a small, powerful bow that is fixed across a piece of wood, and aimed like a gun.
N-COUNT

cross-breed

杂种

cross-breeding

进行杂交育种;杂交

cross-breed

1. cross-breed cross-breeds cross-breeding cross-bred
If one species of animal or plant cross-breeds with another, they reproduce, and new or different animals or plants are produced.

- By cross breeding with our native red deer, the skia deer have affected the gene pool.

- Unfortunately attempts to cross breed it with other potatoes have been unsuccessful.

- Dr Russel is creating an elite herd by cross-breeding goats from around the globe.

- ...a cross-bred labrador.

V-RECIP-ERG also crossbreed .

2. cross-breeding

- ...centuries of crossbreeding.

N-UNCOUNT

3. cross-breed cross-breeds
A cross-breed is an animal that is the result of cross-breeding.
N-COUNT also crossbreed .

cross-Channel

cross-Channel
Cross-Channel travel is travel across the English Channel, especially by boat.

- I was awaiting the cross-channel ferry from Ostend to Dover.

- Dieppe has plenty to attract cross-Channel visitors.

ADJ: ADJ n also cross-channel .

cross-check

[D.J.:ˌkrɔsˈtʃek]

[K.K.: ˌkrɔsˈtʃɛk]

vt.

再确认;再次复核

cross-checking

重复检验

cross-check

cross-check cross-checks cross-checking cross-checked
If you cross-check information, you check that it is correct using a different method or source from the one originally used to obtain it.

- You have to scrupulously check and cross-check everything you hear.

- His version will later be cross-checked against that of the university.

- They want to ensure such claims are justified by cross-checking with other records.

VB

cross-country

[D.J.:ˈkrɔ:sˈkʌntri:, ˈkrɔs-]

[K.K.:ˈkrɔsˈkʌntri, ˈkrɑs-]

adj.

越野的

横越全国的

cross-country **

1. cross-country
Cross-country is the sport of running, riding, or skiing across open countryside rather than along roads or around a running track.

- She finished third in the world cross-country championships in Antwerp.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. cross-country
A cross-country journey involves less important roads or railway lines, or takes you from one side of a country to the other.

- ...cross-country rail services...

- The group made a 13-concert cross-country tour, including a stop in New York.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. cross-country
Also an adverb.

- I drove cross-country in his van.

ADV: ADV after v

cross-cultural

[D.J.:ˈkrɔsˈkʌltʃərəl]

[K.K.:ˈkrɔsˈkʌltʃərəl, ˈkrɑs-]

adj.

超越一种文化的,比较各种文化的

cross-cultural

cross-cultural
Cross-cultural means involving two or more different cultures.

- Minority cultures within the United States often raised issues of cross-cultural conflict.

ADJ: ADJ n

cross-current

n.

逆流,相反的趋势,河流中与主流交叉的水流

cross-current

1. cross-current cross-currents
A cross-current is a current in a river or sea that flows across another current.

- Cross-currents wait just offshore to sweep the strongest swimmer helplessly away.

N-COUNT: usu pl (AM) also crosscurrent

2. cross-current cross-currents
You can refer to conflicting ideas or traditions as cross-currents .

- ...the cross-currents within the Conservative Party.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp (AM) also crosscurrent

cross-dressing

n.

穿着异性服装

cross-dress

1. cross-dress cross-dresses cross-dressing cross-dressed
If someone cross-dresses , they wear the clothes of the opposite sex, especially for sexual pleasure.

- Gerald started to cross-dress at 14 when he tried on some of his mother's underwear.

VB

2. cross-dresser cross-dressers

- Now that I have met other cross-dressers I feel tremendous relief.

N-COUNT
= transvestite

3. cross-dressing

- Myra tolerated Clive's cross-dressing until he joined a club for transvestites.

N-UNCOUNT
= transvestism

cross-examination

[D.J.:ˈkr ɔsɪ gˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn]

[K.K.:ˈkr ɑsɪɡˌzæməˈneʃən]

n.

<律>反诘问

盘问;严密询问

cross-examine

[D.J.:ˌkrɔ:sɪgˈzæmɪn, ˌkrɔs-]

[K.K.:ˌkrɔsɪɡˈzæmɪn, ˌkrɑs-]

vt.

对…盘问

<律>向(对方证人)反讯问

vi.

盘问

<律>向对方证人反讯问

cross-examine *

1. cross-examine cross-examines cross-examining cross-examined
When a lawyer cross-examines someone during a trial or hearing, he or she questions them about the evidence that they have already given.

- The accused's lawyers will get a chance to cross-examine him.

- You know you are liable to be cross-examined mercilessly about the assault.

VB

2. cross-examination cross-examinations

- ...during the cross-examination of a witness in a murder case...

- Under cross-examination, he admitted the state troopers used more destructive ammunition than usual.

N-VAR

cross-examine

verb

question

grill informal

interrogate

pump

quiz

cross-eyed

[D.J.:ˈkrɔsaɪd]

[K.K.: ˈkrɔsˈaɪd]

adj.

斜视的;斗鸡眼的

cross-eyed

cross-eyed
Someone who is cross-eyed has eyes that seem to look towards each other.
ADJ

crossfire

[D.J.:ˈkrɔ:sˌfaɪə, ˈkrɔs-]

[K.K.:ˈkrɔsˌfaɪr, ˈkrɑs-]

n.

交叉火力

来自多方面的攻击，夹攻

(可能偶然影响未直接参与者的)激烈言行

be caught in the crossfire

卷入两者的争执中并因此遭殃；遭受池鱼之殃

crossfire

1. crossfire
Crossfire is gunfire, for example in a battle, that comes from two or more different directions and passes through the same area.
N-UNCOUNT also cross-fire .

2. crossfire
If you are caught in the crossfire , you become involved in an unpleasant situation in which people are arguing with each other, although you do not want to be involved or say which person you agree with.

- They say they are caught in the crossfire between the education establishment and the government.

PHR: v-link PHR also cross-fire .

cross-legged

[D.J.:ˈkrɔ:sˈlegɪd, -ˈlegd, ˈkrɔs-]

[K.K.:ˈkrɔsˈlɛɡɪd, -ˈlɛɡd, ˈkrɑs-]

adj.

盘着腿的;翘着腿的

cross-legged

1. cross-legged
If someone is sitting cross-legged , they are sitting on the floor with their legs bent so that their knees point outwards.

- He sat cross-legged on the floor.

ADV: ADV after v

2. cross-legged
Also an adjective.

- The cross-legged deity exudes wisdom and composure.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

crossover

[D.J.:ˈkrɔsˌəuvə]

[K.K.:ˈkrɔsˌovɚ, ˈkrɑs-]

n.

转型; 转向

crossover *

1. crossover crossovers
A crossover of one style and another, especially in music or fashion, is a combination of the two different styles.

- This LP has to be one of the most curious and successful crossovers of recent times.

- ...the contemporary crossover of pop, jazz and funk.

- ...dance/rock crossover bands.

N-VAR: oft N n

2. crossover
In music or fashion, if someone makes a crossover from one style to another, they become successful outside the style they were originally known for.

- I told her the crossover from actress to singer is easier than singer to actress.

N-SING: usu N from/to n

cross-purposes

n.

目的相反;话不投机;有成见

cross-purposes

cross-purposes
If people are at cross-purposes , they do not understand each other because they are working towards or talking about different things without realizing it.

- The two friends find themselves at cross-purposes with the officials.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR, oft PHR with n also cross purposes .

cross-question

[D.J.:krɔsˈkwestʃ(ə)n]

[K.K.:ˈkrɔsˈkwɛstʃən, ˈkrɑs-]

n. vt.

盘问,反复询问;盘问,审问

cross-question

cross-question cross-questions cross-questioning cross-questioned
If you cross-question someone, you ask them a lot of questions about something.

- The police came back and cross-questioned Des again.

VB

cross-reference

[D.J.:ˈkrɔ:sˈrefərəns, -ˈrefrəns, ˈkrɔs-]

[K.K.:ˈkrɔsˈrɛfərəns, -ˈrɛfrəns, ˈkrɑs-]

n.

(同一书中的)互相参照,互见,对照处

vt.

为…编制互相参照

使参见

cross-reference

1. cross-reference cross-references
A cross-reference is a note in a book which tells you that there is relevant or more detailed information in another part of the book.
N-COUNT

2. cross-reference cross-references cross-referencing cross-referenced
If something such as a book is cross-referenced , cross-references are put in it.

- Nearly 2,300 plant lists have been checked and cross-referenced.

- ...an index of products and services which is cross-referenced to the supplying companies.

VB: usu passive

crossroads

[D.J.:ˈkrɔsrəʊdz]

[K.K.: ˈkrɔsˌrodz]

n.

十字路口

转折点;重大的抉择时刻

at a crossroads

处于关键时刻；在紧要关头

crossroads *

1. crossroads
A crossroads is a place where two roads meet and cross each other.

- Turn right at the first crossroads.

N-COUNT crossroads is both the singular and the plural form

2. crossroads
If you say that something is at a crossroads , you mean that it has reached a very important stage in its development where it could go one way or another.

- The company was clearly at a crossroads.

- They had reached a crossroads in their relationship.

N-SING: oft at a N crossroads is both the singular and the plural form

3. crossroads
A crossroads is an important or central place. (mainly AM)

- ...Mulberry, a small town at the crossroads of agriculture in central Florida.

N-SING: usu with supp crossroads is both the singular and the plural form
= hub

cross-section

[D.J.:ˈkrɔ:sˈsekʃən, ˈkrɔs-]

[K.K.:ˈkrɔsˈsɛkʃən, ˈkrɑs-]

n.

横断面

横截面图

cross-section *

1. cross-section cross-sections
If you refer to a cross-section of particular things or people, you mean a group of them that you think is typical or representative of all of them.

- I was surprised at the cross-section of people there.

- It is good that there is a wide cross-section of sport on television.

N-COUNT: usu N of n also cross section .

2. cross-section cross-sections
A cross-section of an object is what you would see if you could cut straight through the middle of it.

- ...a cross-section of an airplane...

- The hall is square in cross-section.

N-COUNT: also in N also cross section .

cross-stitch

[D.J.:ˈkrɔsstitʃ]

[K.K.:ˈkrɔsˌstɪtʃ, ˈkrɑs-]

n.

十字绣,十字针脚

vi.

以十字针法缝

cross-stitch

cross-stitch
Cross-stitch is a type of decorative sewing where one stitch crosses another.
N-UNCOUNT also cross stitch .

crosswalk

[D.J.:ˈkrɔswɔ:k]

[K.K.:ˈkrɔsˌwɔk, ˈkrɑs-]

n.

人行横道(供行人穿越道路用)

crosswalk

crosswalk crosswalks
A crosswalk is a place where pedestrians can cross a street and where drivers must stop to let them cross. (AM; in BRIT usually use pedestrian crossing )
N-COUNT

crosswind

[D.J.:ˈkrɔswind]

[K.K.:ˈkrɔsˌwɪnd, ˈkrɑs-]

n.

横风,侧风

crosswind

crosswind crosswinds
A crosswind is a strong wind that blows across the direction that vehicles, boats, or aircraft are travelling in, and that makes it difficult for them to keep moving steadily forward.
N-COUNT also cross-wind .

crosswise

[D.J.:ˈkrɔsˌwaiz]

[K.K.:ˈkrɔsˌwaɪz, ˈkrɑs-]

adj. & adv.

交叉的(地)

crosswise

crosswise
Crosswise means diagonally across something.

- Rinse and slice the courgettes crosswise.

ADV: ADV after v (AM) also crossways
= diagonally

crossword

[D.J.:ˈkrɔsˌwɜ:d]

n.

纵横填字谜

crossword *

crossword crosswords
A crossword or crossword puzzle is a word game in which you work out the answers and write them in the white squares of a pattern of small black and white squares.
N-COUNT

crotch

[D.J.:krɔtʃ]

[K.K.:krɑtʃ]

n.

分叉处,丫叉,胯部

crotch

1. crotch crotches
Your crotch is the part of your body between the tops of your legs.

- Glover kicked him hard in the crotch.

N-COUNT

2. crotch crotches
The crotch of something such as a pair of trousers is the part that covers the area between the tops of your legs.

- They were too long in the crotch.

N-COUNT

crotchet

[D.J.:ˈkrɔtʃit]

[K.K.:ˈkrɑtʃɪt]

n.

小钩,怪想,奇想,反复无常

crotchet

crotchet crotchets
A crotchet is a musical note that has a time value equal to two quavers. (mainly BRIT; in AM use quarter note )
N-COUNT

crotchety

[D.J.:ˈkrɔtʃiti]

[K.K.:ˈkrɑtʃɪti]

adj.

有怪想的,反复无常的,想入非非的

crotchety

crotchety
A crotchety person is bad-tempered and easily irritated. (INFORMAL)

- ...a crotchety old man.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= grumpy

crouch

[D.J.:krautʃ]

[K.K.:kraʊtʃ]

vi.

屈膝, 蹲伏

crouch **

1. crouch crouches crouching crouched
If you are crouching , your legs are bent under you so that you are close to the ground and leaning forward slightly.

- We were crouching in the bushes.

- I crouched on the ground.

- The man was crouched behind the Mercedes.

VB
= squat

2. crouch
Also a noun.

- They walked in a crouch, each bent over close to the ground.

N-SING

3. crouch down; crouches down; crouching down; crouched down
Crouch down means the same as crouch .

- He crouched down and reached under the mattress.

- He crouched down beside him.

PHR-V

4. crouch crouches crouching crouched
If you crouch over something, you bend over it so that you are very near to it.

- Meantime, here I crouch over a cup of tea in my unheated study.

- ...sitting crouched over the steering wheel.

VB

crouch

verb

bend down

bow

duck

hunch

kneel

squat

stoop

croup

[D.J.:kru:p]

[K.K.:krup]

n.

哮吼；义膜性喉炎,(马牛等的)臀部

croup

croup
Croup is a disease which children sometimes suffer from that makes it difficult for them to breathe and causes them to cough a lot.
N-UNCOUNT: also the N

croupier

[D.J.:ˈkru:piə]

[K.K.:ˈkrupiɚ, -piˌe]

n.

赌场上的总管理人,副主持人

croupier

croupier croupiers
A croupier is the person in charge of a gambling table in a casino, who collects the bets and pays money to the people who have won.
N-COUNT

crouton

[D.J.:ˈkru:tɔn]

[K.K.:ˈkruˌtɑn, kruˈtɑn]

n.

(常放在汤里吃的)油煎面包块,烤碎面包块

crouton

crouton croutons
Croutons are small pieces of toasted or fried bread that are added to soup just before you eat it.

- ...French onion soup with cheese croutons.

N-COUNT: usu pl

crow

[D.J.:krəu]

[K.K.:kro]

n.

乌鸦

雄鸡的啼声

vi.

公鸡啼鸣

(婴儿)欢叫

crowed

[D.J.:krəʊd]

(crow的过去式和过去分词)

crow *

1. crow crows
A crow is a large black bird which makes a loud, harsh noise.
N-COUNT

2. crow crows crowing crowed
When a cock crows , it makes a loud sound, often early in the morning.

- The cock crows and the dawn chorus begins.

VB

3. crow crows crowing crowed
If you say that someone is crowing about something they have achieved or are pleased about, you disapprove of them because they keep telling people proudly about it. (INFORMAL)

- Edwards is already crowing about his assured victory.

- We've seen them all crowing that the movement is dead.

VB disapproval
= boast

4. crow crows crowing crowed
If someone crows , they make happy sounds or say something happily.

- She was crowing with delight.

- `I'm not sure I've ever driven a better lap,' crowed a delighted Irvine.

VB

5. crow
If you say that a place is a particular distance away as the crow flies , you mean that it is that distance away measured in a straight line.

- I live at Mesa, Washington, about 10 miles as the crow flies from Hanford.

PHR: oft amount PHR

crow

verb

gloat

blow one's own trumpet

boast

brag

exult

strut

swagger

triumph

crowbar

[D.J.:ˈkrəubɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈkroˌbɑr]

n.

铁撬棍

crowbar

crowbar crowbars
A crowbar is a heavy iron bar which is used as a lever.
N-COUNT

crowd

[D.J.:kraud]

[K.K.:kraʊd]

n.

人群

听众, 观众

一群, 一批; 一堆

vt. & vi.

群集, 拥挤

vt.

挤满, 塞满

催逼

crowded

[D.J.:ˈkraʊdɪd]

[K.K.:ˈkraʊdɪd]

adj.

水泄不通的,挤得满满的

紧靠的,密集的

crowding

拥挤现象

crowd ****

1. crowd crowds
A crowd is a large group of people who have gathered together, for example to watch or listen to something interesting, or to protest about something.

- A huge crowd gathered in a square outside the Kremlin walls.

- It took some two hours before the crowd was fully dispersed.

- The crowd were enormously enthusiastic.

- The explosions took place in shopping centres as crowds of people were shopping for Mothers' Day.

N-COUNT-COLL: oft N of n
= throng

2. crowd crowds
A particular crowd is a group of friends, or a set of people who share the same interests or job. (INFORMAL)

- All the old crowd have come out for this occasion.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

3. crowd crowds crowding crowded
When people crowd around someone or something, they gather closely together around them.

- The hungry refugees crowded around the tractors.

- Police blocked off the road as hotel staff and guests crowded around.

VB
= cluster

4. crowd crowds crowding crowded
If people crowd into a place or are crowded into a place, large numbers of them enter it so that it becomes very full.

- Hundreds of thousands of people have crowded into the center of the Lithuanian capital, Vilnius.

- One group of journalists were crowded into a minibus.

- `Bravo, bravo,' chanted party workers crowded in the main hall.

V-ERG
= pack cram

5. crowd crowds crowding crowded
If a group of people crowd a place, there are so many of them there that it is full.

- Thousands of demonstrators crowded the streets shouting slogans.

VB
= pack

6. crowd crowds crowding crowded
If people crowd you, they stand very closely around you trying to see or speak to you, so that you feel uncomfortable.

- It had been a tense, restless day with people crowding her all the time.

VB

crowded **

1. crowded
If a place is crowded , it is full of people.

- He peered slowly around the small crowded room.

- The street was crowded and noisy.

- The old town square was crowded with people.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n
≠ empty deserted

2. crowded
If a place is crowded , a lot of people live there.

- ...a crowded city of 2 million...

- The best housing they could afford was crowded and filthy.

ADJ-GRADED
= overpopulated

3. crowded
If your timetable, your life, or your mind is crowded , it is full of events, activities, or thoughts.

- Never before has a European Community summit had such a crowded agenda.

- ...a long life crowded with incident...

- She slept fitfully, her mind crowded with confusing dreams.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n
= packed

crowd

noun

1.

multitude

army

horde

host

mass

mob

pack

swarm

throng

2.

group

bunch informal

circle

clique

lot

set

3.

audience

attendance

gate

house

spectators

verb

4.

flock

congregate

gather

mass

stream

surge

swarm

throng

5.

squeeze

bundle

congest

cram

pack

pile

crowded

adjective

packed

busy

congested

cramped

full

jam-packed

swarming

teeming

crowd in ****

crowd in crowds in; crowding in; crowded in
If problems or thoughts crowd in on you, a lot of them happen to you or affect you at the same time, so that they occupy all your attention and make you feel unable to escape.

- Everything is crowding in on me.

- She tried to sleep, but thoughts crowded in and images flashed into her mind.

PHR-V

crowd out ****

crowd out crowds out; crowding out; crowded out
If one thing crowds out another, it is so successful or common that the other thing does not have the opportunity to be successful or exist.

- In the 1980s American exports crowded out European films.

PHR-V
= push out

crowd-pleaser

crowd-pleaser crowd-pleasers
If you describe a performer, politician, or sports player as a crowd-pleaser , you mean they always please their audience. You can also describe an action or event as a crowd-pleaser .

- He gets spectacular goals and is a real crowd pleaser.

N-COUNT also crowd pleaser .

crowd-puller

crowd-puller crowd-pullers
If you describe a performer or event as a crowd-puller , you mean that they attract a large audience.

- The exhibition is hardly a crowd-puller.

N-COUNT also crowd puller .

crown

[D.J.:kraun]

[K.K.:kraʊn]

n.

王冠, 冕

王权

crowned

adj.

有王冠的,王室的

crowning

[ˈkrauniŋ]

adj.

最高的,无比的

crown ***

1. crown crowns
A crown is a circular ornament, usually made of gold and jewels, which a king or queen wears on their head at official ceremonies. You can also use crown to refer to anything circular that is worn on someone's head.

- ...a crown of flowers.

N-COUNT

2. crown
The government of a country that has a king or queen is sometimes referred to as the Crown . In British criminal cases the prosecutor is the Crown .

- She says the sovereignty of the Crown must be preserved.

- ...a Minister of the Crown.

- ...chief witness for the Crown.

N-PROPER: the N

3. crown crowns crowning crowned
When a king or queen is crowned , a crown is placed on their head as part of a ceremony in which they are officially made king or queen.

- Elizabeth was crowned in Westminster Abbey on 2 June 1953.

- Two days later, Juan Carlos was crowned king.

- ...the newly crowned King.

VB: usu passive

4. crown crowns crowning crowned
If one thing crowns another, it is on top of it. (LITERARY)

- Here another rugged castle crowns the cliffs and crags.

- ...a very striking face, crowned by an abundance of hair.

VB

5. crown crowns
Your crown is the top part of your head, at the back.

- He laid his hand gently on the crown of her head.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

6. crown crowns
The crown of a hat is the part which covers the top of your head.
N-COUNT: usu sing

7. crown crowns
A crown was a British coin worth five shillings.
N-COUNT

8. crown crowns
A crown is an artificial top piece fixed over a broken or decayed tooth.
N-COUNT

9. crown crowns
In sport, winning an important competition is sometimes referred to as a crown .

- ...his dream of a fourth Wimbledon crown.

N-COUNT: oft n N

10. crown crowns crowning crowned
An achievement or event that crowns something makes it perfect, successful, or complete.

- It is an important moment, crowning the efforts of the Cup organisers.

- The summit was crowned by the signing of the historic START treaty.

- ...the crowning achievement of his career.

VB

11. crown crowns crowning crowned
If you crown your career with a success or achievement, you have a final success or achievement which is greater than all the others you have had. (WRITTEN)

- He went on to crown a distinguished career in radio and television with his book `The Price of Victory'.

VB

crown

noun

1.

coronet

circlet

diadem

tiara

2.

laurel wreath

garland

honour

laurels

prize

trophy

wreath

3.

high point

apex

crest

pinnacle

summit

tip

top

verb

4.

honour

adorn

dignify

festoon

5.

cap

be the climax or culmination of

complete

finish

perfect

put the finishing touch to

round off

top

6.

strike

belt informal

biff slang

box

cuff

hit over the head

punch

Crown Court **

Crown Court Crown Courts
In England and Wales, a Crown Court is a court in which criminal cases are tried by a judge and jury rather than by a magistrate.

- He appeared at Manchester Crown Court on Thursday on a drink-driving charge.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft in names

crown jewel

1. crown jewel crown jewels
The Crown Jewels are the crown, sceptre, and other precious objects which are used on important official occasions by the King or Queen.
N-PLURAL: the N

2. crown jewel crown jewels
If you describe something as someone's crown jewel , you mean it is the most important or valuable thing they have.

- The company is also willing to sell 20% of its crown jewel, its credit-card business.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

Crown Prince *

Crown Prince Crown Princes
A Crown Prince is a prince who will be king of his country when the present king or queen dies.

- ...the crown prince's palace.

- ...Sultan Mahmood's son, Crown Prince Ibrahim Mahmood.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing; N-TITLE

Crown Princess

Crown Princess Crown Princesses
A Crown Princess is a princess who is the wife of a Crown Prince, or will be queen of her country when the present king or queen dies.

- ...his second wife, Crown Princess Catherine.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing; N-TITLE

crown prosecutor

crown prosecutor crown prosecutors
In Britain, a crown prosecutor is a lawyer who works for the state and who prosecutes people who are accused of crimes.
N-COUNT: usu sing

crow's feet

crow's feet
Crow's feet are wrinkles which some older people have at the outside corners of their eyes.
N-PLURAL

crow's nest

crow's nest
On a ship, the crow's nest is a small platform high up on the mast, where a person can go to look in all directions.
N-SING

crucial

[D.J.:ˈkru:ʃəl]

[K.K.:ˈkruʃəl]

adj.

决定性的, 紧要关头的

crucially

[D.J.:ˈkru:ʃɪəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkruʃəlɪ]

adv.

至关重要地;关键地

crucial ***

1. crucial
If you describe something as crucial , you mean it is extremely important.

- He had administrators under him but took the crucial decisions himself.

- ...the most crucial election campaign for years...

- Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
= critical

2. crucially

- Chewing properly is crucially important.

- Crucially, though, it failed to secure the backing of the banks.

ADV-GRADED

crucial

adjective

1.

vital

essential

high-priority

important

momentous

pressing

urgent

2.

critical

central

decisive

pivotal

crucible

[D.J.:ˈkru:sibl]

[K.K.:ˈkrusəbəl]

n.

坩锅,严酷的考验

crucible

1. crucible crucibles
A crucible is a pot in which metals or other substances can be melted or heated up to very high temperatures.
N-COUNT

2. crucible
Crucible is used to refer to a situation in which something is tested or a conflict takes place, often one which produces something new. (LITERARY)

- ...a system in which ideas are tested in the crucible of party contention...

- The regime served as a crucible for the forging of right-wing ideas and values.

N-SING: oft N of n

crucifix

[D.J.:ˈkru:səˌfɪks]

[K.K.:ˈkrusəˌfɪks]

n.

耶稣钉在十字架上的苦像

crucifix

crucifix crucifixes
A crucifix is a cross with a figure of Christ on it.
N-COUNT

crucifixion

[D.J.:ˌkru:səˈfɪkʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkrusəˈfɪkʃən]

n.

在十字架上钉死

耶稣受难像

crucifixion *

1. crucifixion crucifixions
Crucifixion is a way of killing people which was common in the Roman Empire, in which they were tied or nailed to a cross and left to die.

- ...her historical novel about the crucifixion of Christians in Rome.

N-VAR

2. crucifixion
The Crucifixion is the crucifixion of Christ.

- ...the central message of the Crucifixion.

N-PROPER: the N

cruciform

[D.J.:ˈkru:sifɔ:m]

[K.K.:ˈkrusəˌfɔrm]

adj.

十字形的

cruciform

cruciform
A cruciform building or object is shaped like a cross. (FORMAL)

- ...a cruciform tower.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

crucify

[D.J.:ˈkru:səˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkrusəˌfaɪ]

vt.

把(某人)钉死在十字架上

(尤指当众)折磨,虐待,迫害

crucify *

1. crucify crucifies crucifying crucified
If someone is crucified , they are killed by being tied or nailed to a cross and left to die.

- ...the day that Christ was crucified.

VB: usu passive

2. crucify crucifies crucifying crucified
To crucify someone means to criticize or punish them severely. (INFORMAL)

- She'll crucify me if she finds you still here.

- She was crucified by the critics for her performance.

VB

crucify

verb Informal

execute

persecute

torment

torture

crude

[D.J.:kru:d]

[K.K.:krud]

adj.

天然的, 未加工的

简陋的, 粗糙的, 未加修饰的

粗鲁的, 粗俗的, 粗野的

crudely

adv.

照自然状态,不成熟地,粗杂地

crudeness

n.

天然的状态,不成熟,生硬

crudity

[D.J.:ˈkru:dɪtɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkrudətɪ]

n.

天然状态；粗鲁；粗糙

粗鲁的举止；粗鲁的言语

crude **

1. crude cruder crudest
A crude method or measurement is not exact or detailed, but may be useful or correct in a rough, general way.

- Standard measurements of blood pressure are an important but crude way of assessing the risk of heart disease or strokes.

- Birthplace data are only the crudest indicator of actual migration paths.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ rough

2. crudely

- The donors can be split -- a little crudely -- into two groups.

- Put crudely, the liberationists favour extending a number of rights to children.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. crude cruder crudest
If you describe an object that someone has made as crude , you mean that it has been made in a very simple way or from very simple parts.

- ...crude wooden boxes.

ADJ-GRADED

4. crudely

- ...a crudely carved wooden form...

- In some places maps are scarce, and are often crudely produced.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV -ed

5. crude cruder crudest
If you describe someone as crude , you disapprove of them because they speak or behave in a rude, offensive, or unsophisticated way.

- Nev! Must you be quite so crude?

- ...crude language.

- ...crude sexual jokes.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= coarse

6. crudely

- He hated it when she spoke so crudely.

- To put it crudely, nobody really gives a toss about this any more.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

7. crudity

- He had not expected such crudity from so sophisticated a minister.

N-UNCOUNT

8. crudeness

- Crudeness is on the rise in all fields of entertainment.

N-UNCOUNT

9. crude
Crude substances are in a natural or unrefined state, and have not yet been used in manufacturing processes.

- ...8.5 million tonnes of crude steel.

ADJ: ADJ n
= raw ≠ refined

10. crude crudes
Crude is the same as crude oil .
N-MASS

crude

adjective

1.

primitive

clumsy

makeshift

rough

rough-and-ready

rudimentary

unpolished

2.

vulgar

coarse

dirty

gross

indecent

obscene

smutty

tasteless

uncouth

3.

unrefined

natural

raw

unprocessed

crudely

adverb

vulgarly

bluntly

coarsely

impolitely

roughly

rudely

tastelessly

crudity

noun

1.

roughness

clumsiness

crudeness

2.

vulgarity

coarseness

impropriety

indecency

indelicacy

obscenity

smuttiness

crude oil *

crude oil
Crude oil is oil in its natural state before it has been processed or refined.

- A thousand tons of crude oil has spilled into the sea from an oil tanker.

N-UNCOUNT

crudit´es

crudit´es
Crudit´es are pieces of raw vegetable, often served before a meal.
N-PLURAL

cruel

[D.J.:ˈkru:əl]

[K.K.:ˈkruəl]

adj.

残酷的, 残忍的

使人痛苦的, 让人受难的

cruelly

[D.J.:ˈkru:əlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkrʊəlɪ]

adv.

残酷地,残暴地

<口>极度地,非常

cruel **

1. cruel crueller cruellest
Someone who is cruel deliberately causes pain or distress to people or animals.

- Children can be so cruel.

- Don't you think it's cruel to cage a creature up?

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf (AM) crueler , cruelest
≠ kind

2. cruelly

- Douglas was often cruelly tormented by jealous siblings.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. cruel crueller cruellest
A situation or event that is cruel is very harsh and causes people distress.

- ...struggling to survive in a cruel world with which they cannot cope...

- By a cruel irony, his horse came down on a flat part of the course.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) crueler , cruelest

4. cruelly

- His life has been cruelly shattered by an event not of his own making.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

cruel

adjective

1.

brutal

barbarous

callous

hard-hearted

heartless

inhumane

malevolent

sadistic

spiteful

unkind

vicious

2.

merciless

pitiless

ruthless

unrelenting

cruelly

adverb

1.

brutally

barbarously

callously

heartlessly

in cold blood

mercilessly

pitilessly

sadistically

spitefully

2.

bitterly

deeply

fearfully

grievously

monstrously

severely

cruelty

[D.J.:ˈkru:əlti:]

[K.K.:ˈkruəlti]

n.

残忍, 残酷

残忍的行为, 尖刻的语言

cruelty **

cruelty cruelties
Cruelty is behaviour that deliberately causes pain or distress to people or animals.

- Britain had laws against cruelty to animals but none to protect children.

- He had been unable to escape the cruelties of war.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N to n
≠ kindness

cruelty

noun

brutality

barbarity

callousness

depravity

fiendishness

inhumanity

mercilessness

ruthlessness

spitefulness

cruet

[D.J.:ˈkruit]

[K.K.:ˈkruɪt]

n.

(餐桌上的)佐料瓶

cruet

1. cruet cruets
A cruet is a small container, or set of containers, for salt, pepper, or mustard which is used at meals. (BRIT)

- ...a cruet set.

N-COUNT

2. cruet cruets
A cruet is a small glass bottle that contains oil or vinegar and is used at the table at meals. (AM)
N-COUNT

cruise

[D.J.:kru:z]

[K.K.:kruz]

vi.

乘船巡游

以快而平稳的速度长距离行驶

n.

乘船游览

cruising

[D.J.:ˈkru:ziŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkruzɪŋ]

adj.

巡航的

cruise ***

1. cruise cruises
A cruise is a holiday during which you travel on a ship or boat and visit a number of places.

- He and his wife were planning to go on a world cruise.

- The next stop on this cruise is likely to be in Cornwall.

N-COUNT

2. cruise cruises cruising cruised
If you cruise a sea, river, or canal, you travel around it or along it on a cruise.

- She wants to cruise the canals of France in a barge.

- During their summer holidays they cruised further afield to Normandy and Brittany.

VB

3. cruising

- ...a 51ft cruising yacht.

N-UNCOUNT

4. cruise cruises cruising cruised
If a car, ship, or aircraft cruises somewhere, it moves there at a steady comfortable speed.

- A black and white police car cruised past.

VB

5. cruise cruises cruising cruised
If a team or sports player cruises to victory, they win easily. (JOURNALISM)

- Graf looked in awesome form as she cruised to an easy 6-2, 6-1 victory.

VB

6. cruise cruises cruising cruised
If a gay man is cruising , he is searching in public places for a sexual partner.

- ...gay men cruising on Clapham Common.

VB

cruise

noun

1.

sail

boat trip

sea trip

voyage

verb

2.

sail

coast

voyage

3.

travel along

coast

drift

keep a steady pace

cruise missile *

cruise missile cruise missiles
A cruise missile is a missile which carries a nuclear warhead and which is guided by a computer.
N-COUNT

cruiser

[D.J.:ˈkru:zə]

[K.K.:ˈkruzɚ]

n.

巡洋舰

cruiser *

1. cruiser cruisers
A cruiser is a motor boat which has an area for people to live or sleep.

- ...a motor cruiser.

N-COUNT: oft n N
See also cabin cruiser .

2. cruiser cruisers
A cruiser is a large fast warship.

- Italy had lost three cruisers and two destroyers.

N-COUNT

3. cruiser cruisers
A cruiser is a police car. (AM)
N-COUNT

cruiserweight

[D.J.:ˈkru:zəweit]

[K.K.:kruzɚˌwet]

n.

轻重量级拳击手,重量级拳击手

cruiserweight

cruiserweight cruiserweights
A cruiserweight is another name for a light heavyweight . (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

crumb

[D.J.:krʌm]

[K.K.:krʌm]

n.

碎屑(尤指面包屑或糕饼屑)

crumbs

int.

(表示惊讶)哎呀

crumb *

1. crumb crumbs
Crumbs are tiny pieces that fall from bread, biscuits, or cake when you cut it or eat it.

- I stood up, brushing crumbs from my trousers.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. crumb crumbs
A crumb of something, for example information, is a very small amount of it.

- At last Andrew gave them a crumb of information.

- The government were able to draw a few crumbs of comfort from today's unemployment figures.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

crumb

noun

bit

fragment

grain

morsel

scrap

shred

soup¸con

crumble

[D.J.:ˈkrʌmbl]

[K.K.:ˈkrʌmbəl]

vt. & vi.

(把…)弄碎, (使)碎成细屑

vi.

衰落, 崩溃

crumbling

岩块剥落

crumble **

1. crumble crumbles crumbling crumbled
If something crumbles , or if you crumble it, it breaks into a lot of small pieces.

- Under the pressure, the flint crumbled into fragments.

- Roughly crumble the cheese into a bowl.

V-ERG

2. crumble crumbles crumbling crumbled
If an old building or piece of land is crumbling , parts of it keep breaking off.

- The high and low-rise apartment blocks built in the 1960s are crumbling.

- The cliffs were estimated to be crumbling into the sea at the rate of 10ft an hour.

VB
= disintegrate

3. crumble away crumbles away; crumbling away; crumbled away
Crumble away means the same as crumble .

- Britain's coastline stretches 4000 kilometres and much of it is crumbling away.

PHR-V

4. crumble crumbles crumbling crumbled
If something such as a system, relationship, or hope crumbles , it comes to an end.

- Their economy crumbled under the weight of United Nations sanctions.

- The traditional marriage is crumbling fast.

- It only takes a minute for the football hopes of an entire country to crumble.

VB
= fall apart

5. crumble away crumbles away; crumbling away; crumbled away
Crumble away means the same as crumble .

- Opposition more or less crumbled away.

PHR-V

6. crumble crumbles crumbling crumbled
If someone crumbles , they stop resisting or trying to win, or become unable to cope.

- Brighton have too many experienced players to crumble just because we are in town.

- He is a skilled and ruthless leader who isn't likely to crumble under pressure.

VB

7. crumble crumbles
A crumble is a baked pudding made from fruit covered with a mixture of flour, butter, and sugar. (BRIT)

- ...apple crumble.

N-VAR: usu n N

crumble

verb

1.

disintegrate

collapse

decay

degenerate

deteriorate

fall apart

go to pieces

go to wrack and ruin

tumble down

2.

crush

fragment

granulate

grind

pound

powder

pulverize

crumbly

[D.J.:ˈkrʌmbli]

[K.K.:ˈkrʌmbli]

adj.

易碎的,脆的

crumbly

crumbly crumblier crumbliest
Something that is crumbly is easily broken into a lot of little pieces.

- ...crumbly cheese.

ADJ-GRADED

crummy

[D.J.:ˈkrʌmi]

[K.K.:ˈkrʌmi]

adj.

丰满的

crummy

crummy crummier crummiest
Something that is crummy is unpleasant, of very poor quality, or not good enough. (INFORMAL)

- Here I am at a crummy hotel, with no clean clothes.

- The house is so old and crummy it's falling apart.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= grotty

crumpet

[D.J.:ˈkrʌmpit]

[K.K.:ˈkrʌmpɪt]

n.

一种松脆的圆饼

crumpet

1. crumpet crumpets
Crumpets are round, flat pieces of a substance like bread or batter with small holes in them. You toast them and eat them with butter. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. crumpet
Some men refer to attractive women as crumpet . This use could cause offence. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

crumple

[D.J.:ˈkrʌmpl]

[K.K.:ˈkrʌmpəl]

vt.

压皱, 弄皱

vi.

变皱

crumpled

adj.

摺皱的,弄皱的

crumple *

1. crumple crumples crumpling crumpled
If you crumple something such as paper or cloth, or if it crumples , it is squashed and becomes full of untidy creases and folds.

- She crumpled the paper in her hand.

- The front and rear of the car will crumple during a collision.

V-ERG

2. crumple up; crumples up; crumpling up; crumpled up
Crumple up means the same as crumple .

- She crumpled up her coffee cup.

- Nancy looked at the note angrily, then crumpled it up and threw it in a nearby wastepaper basket.

PHR-V-ERG

3. crumpled

- His uniform was crumpled, untidy, splashed with mud.

ADJ-GRADED

4. crumple crumples crumpling crumpled
If someone crumples , they collapse, for example when they have received a shock. (WRITTEN)

- His body crumpled.

- He immediately crumpled to the floor.

- Chance McAllister lay crumpled on the floor.

VB

5. crumple crumples crumpling crumpled
If someone's face crumples , they suddenly look very disappointed or as if they want to cry. (WRITTEN)

- She faltered, and then her face crumpled once more.

VB

crumple

verb

1.

crush

crease

rumple

screw up

scrumple

wrinkle

2.

collapse

break down

cave in

fall

give way

go to pieces

crunch

[D.J.:krʌntʃ]

[K.K.:krʌntʃ]

vt. & vi.

嘎吱嘎吱地咬嚼

vi.

嘎吱作响

n.

嘎吱的响声

需要做出重要决策的困难时刻

crunch **

1. crunch crunches crunching crunched
If you crunch something hard, such as a sweet, you crush it noisily between your teeth.

- She sucked an ice cube into her mouth, and crunched it loudly.

- Richard crunched into the apple.

VB

2. crunch crunches crunching crunched
If something crunches or if you crunch it, it makes a breaking or crushing noise, for example when you step on it.

- A piece of china crunched under my foot.

- He crunched the sheets of paper in his hands.

V-ERG
= scrunch

3. crunch
Also a noun.

- She heard the crunch of tires on the gravel driveway.

N-COUNT; SOUND

4. crunch crunches crunching crunched
If you crunch across a surface made of very small stones, you move across it causing it to make a crunching noise.

- I crunched across the gravel.

- ...wheels crunching over a stony surface.

VB

5. crunch
If you say that something will happen if or when it comes to the crunch , you mean that it will happen if or when the time comes when something has to be done.

- Tomorrow, though, is the crunch.

- He can rely on my support when the crunch comes.

- The Prime Minister is expected to call a crunch meeting on Monday.

- If it comes to the crunch, I'll resign over this.

PHR: V inflects

6. crunch crunches crunching crunched
To crunch numbers means to do a lot of calculations using a calculator or computer.

- I pored over the books with great enthusiasm, often crunching the numbers until 1:00 a.m.

VB

7. crunch crunches
A situation in which a business or economy has very little money can be referred to as a crunch .

- The UN is facing a cash crunch.

- ...a financial crunch that could threaten the company's future.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= crisis

crunch

verb

1.

chomp

champ

chew noisily

grind

munch

noun

2.

critical point

crisis

crux

emergency

moment of truth

test

crunchy

[D.J.:ˈkrʌntʃi]

[K.K.:ˈkrʌntʃi]

adj.

发嘎吱嘎吱声的,易碎的

crunchy

crunchy crunchier crunchiest
Food that is crunchy is pleasantly hard or crisp so that it makes a noise when you eat it.

- ...fresh, crunchy vegetables...

- Bake the mixture for 30 minutes until the top is golden and crunchy.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= crisp

crusade

[D.J.:kru:ˈseɪd]

[K.K.:kruˈsed]

vi.

加入十字军;从事改革运动

n.

(历史上)十字军东征

改革〔讨伐,肃清〕运动

crusade *

1. crusade crusades
A crusade is a long and determined attempt to achieve something for a cause that you feel strongly about.

- Footballers launched an unprecedented crusade against racism on the terraces.

- He made it his crusade to teach children to love books.

N-COUNT: oft N against/for n, N to-inf
= campaign

2. crusade crusades crusading crusaded
If you crusade for a particular cause, you make a long and determined effort to achieve something for it.

- ...a newspaper that has crusaded against the country's cocaine traffickers.

- ...an adopted boy whose cause is taken up by a crusading lawyer.

VB
= campaign

3. crusade
The Crusades were the wars that were fought by Christians in Palestine against the Muslims during the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries.
N-PROPER-PLURAL: the N

crusade

noun Informal

campaign

cause

drive

movement

push

crusader

[D.J.:kru:ˈseɪdə]

[K.K.:kruˈsedɚ]

n.

<史>十字军战士

改革运动的斗士

crusader *

1. crusader crusaders
A crusader for a cause is someone who does a lot in support of it.

- He has set himself up as a crusader for higher press and broadcasting standards.

N-COUNT: with supp

2. crusader crusaders
A Crusader was a knight who fought in the Crusades.
N-COUNT

crush

[D.J.:krʌʃ]

[K.K.:krʌʃ]

vt. & vi.

压碎, 压坏

vt.

弄皱

镇压, 消灭, 击溃

vi.

挤进, 挤入

n.

拥挤的人群

crushing

[ˈkrʌʃiŋ]

adj.

决定性的

crush **

1. crush crushes crushing crushed
To crush something means to press it very hard so that its shape is destroyed or so that it breaks into pieces.

- Andrew crushed his empty can.

- Their vehicle was crushed by an army tank.

- Peel and crush the garlic.

- ...crushed ice.

VB

2. crush crushes crushing crushed
To crush a protest or movement, or a group of opponents, means to defeat it completely, usually by force.

- The military operation was the first step in a plan to crush the uprising.

- ...in his bid to crush the rebels.

VB

3. crushing

- ...the violent crushing of anti-government demonstrations.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

4. crush crushes crushing crushed
If you are crushed by something, it upsets you a great deal.

- Listen to criticism but don't be crushed by it.

VB: usu passive
= devastate

5. crush crushes crushing crushed
If you are crushed against someone or something, you are pushed or pressed against them.

- We were at the front, crushed against the stage.

VB: usu passive

6. crush crushes
A crush is a crowd of people close together, in which it is difficult to move.

- His thirteen-year-old son somehow got separated in the crush.

- Everywhere he went he was mobbed by a crush of fans.

N-COUNT: usu sing

7. crush crushes
If you have a crush on someone, you are in love with them but do not have a relationship with them. (INFORMAL)

- She had a crush on you, you know.

- I'd got over my schoolgirl crush.

N-COUNT: usu N on n

crushing *

crushing
A crushing defeat, burden, or disappointment is a very great or severe one.

- ...since their crushing defeat in the local elections.

- ...a crushing burden of debt...

- His loss would be a crushing blow to Liverpool's title hopes

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

crush

verb

1.

squash

break

compress

press

pulverize

squeeze

2.

overcome

conquer

overpower

overwhelm

put down

quell

stamp out

subdue

3.

humiliate

abash

mortify

put down slang

quash

shame

noun

4.

crowd

huddle

jam

crusher

[ˈkrʌʃə]

n.

压碎的东西,镇服人的事实,打击

crusher

crusher crushers
A crusher is a piece of equipment used for crushing things.

- Squeeze the peeled ginger in a garlic crusher.

- ...a 40-ton stone crusher.

N-COUNT: usu n N

crushingly

crushingly
You can use crushingly to emphasize the degree of a negative quality.

- ...a collection of crushingly bad jokes...

- The band's approach tends to be crushingly tedious.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj emphasis
= extremely

crust

[D.J.:krʌst]

[K.K.:krʌst]

n.

面包皮; 糕饼等的酥皮

(泥土、雪等)硬的外层

crust *

1. crust crusts
The crust on a loaf of bread is the outside part.
N-COUNT

2. crust crusts
A pie's crust is its cooked pastry.
N-COUNT

3. crust crusts
A crust is a hard layer of something, especially on top of a softer or wetter substance.

- As the water evaporates, a crust of salt is left on the surface of the soil.

N-COUNT

4. crust crusts
The earth's crust is its outer layer.

- Earthquakes leave scars in the earth's crust.

N-COUNT: with supp

5. crust
If you earn a crust , you earn enough money to live on, especially by doing work you would prefer not to do. (BRIT)

- In his early days, he would do almost anything to earn a crust from the sport.

PHR: V inflects

crust

noun

layer

coating

covering

shell

skin

surface

crustacean

[D.J.:krʌˈsteɪʃən]

[K.K.:krʌˈsteʃən]

n.

甲壳纲动物(如蟹、龙虾)

adj.

甲壳纲的

crustacean

crustacean crustaceans
A crustacean is an animal with a hard shell and several pairs of legs, which usually lives in water. Crabs, lobsters, and shrimps are crustaceans.
N-COUNT

crusted

[ˈkrʌstid]

adj.

生了外皮的,(酒)有沉淀的,陈年的,古老的

crusted

1. crusted
If something is crusted with a substance, it is covered with a hard or thick layer of that substance. (LITERARY)

- ...flat grey stones crusted with lichen...

- He moved all the caked and crusted dishes into the kitchen.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n
= encrusted

2. crusted
Also a combining form.

- He sat down on the shabby brown sofa to remove his mud-crusted boots.

COMB in ADJ

crusty

[D.J.:ˈkrʌsti]

[K.K.:ˈkrʌsti]

n.

皮脆的

爱发脾气的, 暴躁的

crusty *

1. crusty crustier crustiest
Crusty bread has a hard, crisp outside.

- ...crusty French loaves.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. crusty crustier crustiest
If you describe someone, especially an old man, as crusty , you mean they are impatient and easily irritated.

- ...a crusty old colonel.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= grumpy

crusty

adjective

1.

crispy

hard

2.

irritable

cantankerous

cross

gruff

prickly

short-tempered

testy

crutch

[D.J.:krʌtʃ]

[K.K.:krʌtʃ]

n.

拐杖

支持物, 精神上的寄托

胯部

crutch *

1. crutch crutches
A crutch is a stick whose top fits round or under the user's arm, which someone with an injured foot or leg uses to support their weight when walking.

- I can walk without the aid of crutches.

- I was on crutches for a while.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft on N

2. crutch
If you refer to someone or something as a crutch , you mean that they give you help or support.

- The calculator is a tool, not a crutch; yet it is increasingly being used as a crutch by many children.

- He gave up the crutch of alcohol.

N-SING

3. crutch crutches
Your crutch is the same as your crotch . (mainly BRIT)

- He kicked him in the crutch.

N-COUNT

crux

[D.J.:krʌks, krʊks]

[K.K.:krʌks, krʊks]

n.

(问题的)中心, 核心;结症

crux

crux
The crux of a problem or argument is the most important or difficult part of it which affects everything else.

- He said the crux of the matter was economic policy.

N-SING: the N, usu N of n

cry

[D.J.:krai]

[K.K.:kraɪ]

vt. & vi.

哭

喊, 叫

vt.

叫卖; 大声报道; 哭着说

n.

哭, 哭声

叫喊, 叫声

要求; 呼吁

crying

[D.J.:ˈkraɪɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkraɪɪŋ]

adj.

(尤指坏事)极糟糕的,令人震惊的

重要而紧急的

be a crying shame

(用于强调)极其糟糕，令人震惊，奇恥大辱

a crying need (for sth)

迫切的需要

for crying out loud

(表示愤怒或失望)哎呀，我的天哪，真是岂有此理

it’s no good/use crying over spilt milk

牛奶泼了，哭也无益；作无益的后悔；已成定局的事后悔也于事无补

cry ****

1. cry cries crying cried
When you cry , tears come from your eyes, usually because you are unhappy or hurt.

- I hung up the phone and started to cry.

- Please don't cry.

- He cried with anger and frustration.

- ...a crying baby.

VB

2. cry
Also a noun.

- A nurse patted me on the shoulder and said, `You have a good cry, dear.'

N-SING

3. crying

- She had been unable to sleep for three days because of her 13-week-old son's crying.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

4. cry cries crying cried
If you cry something, you shout it or say it loudly.

- `Nancy Drew,' she cried, `you're under arrest!'.

- I cried: `It's wonderful news!'

VB

5. cry out cries out; crying out; cried out
Cry out means the same as cry .

- `You're wrong, quite wrong!' Henry cried out, suddenly excited.

- According to the legend, she cried out that no storm was going to stop her from finishing her ride.

PHR-V

6. cry cries
A cry is a loud, high sound that you make when you feel a strong emotion such as fear, pain, or pleasure.

- A cry of horror broke from me.

- Her brother gave a cry of recognition.

- With a cry, she rushed forward.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

7. cry cries
A cry is a shouted word or phrase, usually one that is intended to attract someone's attention.

- Thousands of Ukrainians burst into cries of `bravo' on the steps of the parliament.

- Passers-by heard his cries for help.

N-COUNT: oft N of/for n
= shout

See also battle cry , rallying cry .

8. cry cries
You can refer to a public protest about something or appeal for something as a cry of some kind. (JOURNALISM)

- There have been cries of outrage about this expenditure.

- Many other countries have turned a deaf ear to their cries for help.

N-COUNT: usu N of/for n

9. cry cries
A bird's or animal's cry is the loud, high sound that it makes.

- ...the cry of a seagull.

N-COUNT
= call

10. cry
Something that is a far cry from something else is very different from it.

- Their lives are a far cry from his own poor childhood.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR n

11. cry
When someone is in full cry , they are expressing their views very strongly or are very active.

- The main opposition party is already in full cry over this mishandling of security.

PHR: v-link PHR

12. cry
You use the expression for crying out loud in order to show that you are annoyed or impatient, or to add force to a question or request. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- I mean, what's he ever done in his life, for crying out loud?

EXCLAM, PHR with cl feelings

cry out ****

cry out cries out; crying out; cried out
If you cry out , you call out loudly because you are frightened, unhappy, or in pain.

- He was crying out in pain on the ground when the ambulance arrived.

- Hart cried out as his head struck rock.

PHR-V
See also cry 2.

cry out for ****

cry out cries out; crying out; cried out
If you say that something cries out for a particular thing or action, you mean that it needs that thing or action very much.

- This is a disgraceful state of affairs and cries out for a thorough investigation.

PHR-V

cry-baby

1. cry-baby cry-babies
If someone calls a child a cry-baby , they mean that the child cries a lot for no good reason. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

2. crying
If you say that there is a crying need for something, you mean that there is a very great need for it.

- There is a crying need for more magistrates from the ethnic minority communities.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR n
= pressing

3. crying
You can say that something is a crying shame if you are annoyed and upset about it.

- It's a crying shame that police have to put up with these mindless attacks.

PHR: v-link PHR, oft it v-link PHR that feelings

cry

verb

1.

weep

blubber

shed tears

snivel

sob

2.

shout

bawl

bellow

call out

exclaim

howl

roar

scream

shriek

yell

noun

3.

weeping

blubbering

snivelling

sob

sobbing

weep

4.

shout

bellow

call

exclamation

howl

roar

scream

screech

shriek

yell

5.

appeal

plea

cry off ****

cry off cries off; crying off; cried off
If you cry off , you tell someone that you cannot do something that you have agreed or arranged to do.

- Barron invited her to the races and she agreed, but she caught flu and had to cry off at the last minute.

PHR-V
= cancel

cry off

verb Informal

back out

excuse oneself

quit

withdraw

cryogenics

[D.J.:kraiəuˈdʒeniks]

[K.K.:ˌkraɪəˈdʒɛnɪks]

n.

低温学

cryogenics

cryogenics
Cryogenics is a branch of physics that studies what happens to things at extremely low temperatures.
N-PLURAL The form cryogenic is used as a modifier

crypt

[D.J.:krɪpt]

[K.K.:krɪpt]

n.

地窖,(尤指)教堂地下室

crypt *

crypt crypts
A crypt is an underground room underneath a church or cathedral.

- ...people buried in the crypt of an old London church.

N-COUNT

cryptic

[D.J.:ˈkrɪptɪk]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪptɪk]

adj.

秘密的,隐秘的

cryptic *

1. cryptic
A cryptic remark or message contains a hidden meaning or is difficult to understand.

- He has issued a short, cryptic statement denying the spying charges.

- My father's notes are more cryptic here.

ADJ-GRADED

2. cryptically

- `Not necessarily,' she says cryptically.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

crypto-

[ˈkriptəu]

pref.

表示“隐秘”之义

crypto-

crypto-
Crypto- is added to adjectives and nouns to form other adjectives and nouns which refer to people who have hidden beliefs and principles.
COMB in ADJ and N

crystal

[D.J.:ˈkristəl]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪstəl]

n.

水晶

结晶(体)

adj.

水晶制的

水晶般的, 透彻的, 清澈的

清楚的, 明显的

crystals

结晶乙酸柏木酯;晶体

crystal ***

1. crystal crystals
A crystal is a small piece of a substance that has formed naturally into a regular symmetrical shape.

- ...salt crystals.

- ...ice crystals.

- ...a single crystal of silicon.

N-COUNT: oft n N
See also liquid crystal , liquid crystal display .

2. crystal crystals
Crystal is a transparent rock that is used to make jewellery and ornaments.

- ...a strand of crystal beads.

N-VAR

3. crystal
Crystal is a high quality glass, usually with patterns cut into its surface.

- Some of the finest drinking glasses are made from lead crystal.

- ...crystal glasses.

- ...an immense crystal chandelier.

N-UNCOUNT

4. crystal
Glasses and other containers made of crystal are referred to as crystal .

- Get out your best china and crystal.

N-UNCOUNT

crystal ball

crystal ball crystal balls
If you say that someone, especially an expert, looks into a crystal ball , you mean that they are trying to predict the future. Crystal balls are traditionally used by fortune-tellers.

- Local economists have looked into their crystal balls and seen something rather nasty.

- Remember that these are only guidelines: I don't have a crystal ball.

N-COUNT

crystal clear *

1. crystal clear
Water that is crystal clear is absolutely clear and transparent like glass.

- The cliffs, lapped by a crystal-clear sea, remind her of Capri.

ADJ

2. crystal clear
If you say that a message or statement is crystal clear , you are emphasizing that it is very easy to understand.

- The message is crystal clear -- if you lose weight, you will have a happier, healthier, better life.

- We are not going to devalue the pound. I have made that crystal clear.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ emphasis

crystalline

[D.J.:ˈkrɪstəlɪn, -ˌlaɪn, -ˌli:n]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪstəlɪn, -ˌlaɪn, -ˌlin]

adj.

水晶的;似水晶的;结晶质的

crystallinity

n.

结晶性,结晶度

crystallinity

结晶度;结晶性;晶性

crystalline

1. crystalline
A crystalline substance is in the form of crystals or contains crystals.

- Diamond is the crystalline form of the element carbon.

- ...hard, crystalline rock.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. crystalline
Crystalline means clear or bright. (LITERARY)

- ...a huge plain, crisscrossed by rivers and dotted with crystalline lakes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

crystallization

[ˈkristəlaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

结晶化

crystallize

[D.J.:ˈkrɪstəˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪstəˌlaɪz]

vt. & vi.

使结晶

计划成型, 具体化

crystallize *

1. crystallize crystallizes crystallizing crystallized
If you crystallize an opinion or idea, or if it crystallizes , it becomes fixed and definite in someone's mind.

- He has managed to crystallise the feelings of millions of ordinary Russians.

- Now my thoughts really began to crystallise.

V-ERG (BRIT) also crystallise

2. crystallization

- ...encouraging the crystallization of new values.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. crystallize crystallizes crystallizing crystallized
If a substance crystallizes , or something crystallizes it, it turns into crystals.

- Don't stir or the sugar will crystallise.

- ...a 19th century technique that actually crystallizes the tin.

V-ERG (BRIT) also crystallise

4. crystallization

- ...experiments on the crystallisation of glass.

N-UNCOUNT

crystallized

crystallized
Crystallized fruits and sweets are covered in sugar which has been melted and then allowed to go hard.
ADJ: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also crystallised

CS gas

CS gas
CS gas is a gas which causes you to cry and makes breathing painful. It is sometimes used by the police to control a crowd which is rioting. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT
= tear gas

cub

[kʌb]

n.

幼小的兽; 不懂规矩的年轻人

cub *

1. cub cubs
A cub is a young wild animal such as a lion, wolf, or bear.

- ...three five-week-old lion cubs.

N-COUNT: oft n N

2. cub
The Cubs or the Cub Scouts is a version of the Scouts for boys between the ages of eight and ten.
N-PROPER-COLL: the N The spelling Cub is also used

3. cub cubs
A cub or a cub scout is a boy who is a member of the Cubs.
N-COUNT The spelling Cub is also used

4. cub
Cubs is a meeting of the Cubs.

- He was on his way to Cubs.

N-UNCOUNT: usu prep N The spelling Cub is also used

cub

noun

young

offspring

whelp

Cuban

[ˈkju:bən]

n.

古巴人

adj.

古巴(人)的

Cuban ***

1. Cuban
Cuban means belonging or relating to Cuba, or to its people or culture.
ADJ

2. Cuban Cubans
A Cuban is a Cuban citizen, or a person of Cuban origin.
N-COUNT

cubby-hole

[D.J.:ˈkʌbɪhəʊl]

n.

小房间

cubby-hole

cubby-hole cubby-holes
A cubby-hole is a very small room or space for storing things.

- This is my office, my little cubbyhole.

- It's in the cubby hole under the stairs.

N-COUNT also cubbyhole .

cube

[D.J.:kju:b]

[K.K.:kjub]

n .

立方形的东西, 立方体

〈数〉立方

cubing

[ˈkju:biŋ]

n.

体积测量,收方;体积估价法

cube **

1. cube cubes
A cube is a solid object with six square surfaces which are all the same size.

- ...cold water with ice cubes in it.

- ...a box of sugar cubes...

- The cabinet comes with locks and key and is shaped like a cube.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. cube cubes cubing cubed
When you cube food, you cut it into cube-shaped pieces.

- Remove the seeds and stones and cube the flesh.

- Serve with cubed bread.

VB

3. cube cubes
The cube of a number is another number that is produced by multiplying the first number by itself twice. For example, the cube of 2 is 8.
N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the N of n

cube root

cube root cube roots
The cube root of a number is another number that makes the first number when it is multiplied by itself twice. For example, the cube root of 8 is 2.
N-COUNT: usu sing, the N of n

cubic

[D.J.:ˈkju:bɪk]

[K.K.:ˈkjubɪk]

adj.

立方形的, 立方体的

cubic *

cubic
Cubic is used in front of units of length to form units of volume such as cubic metre and cubic foot .

- ...3 billion cubic metres of soil.

ADJ: ADJ n

cubicle

[D.J.:ˈkju:bɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈkjubɪkəl]

n.

小卧室, 斗室

cubicle *

cubicle cubicles
A cubicle is a very small enclosed area, for example one where you can have a shower or change your clothes.

- ...a separate shower cubicle...

- He made his way to the nearest toilet and locked himself in a cubicle.

N-COUNT

Cubism

Cubism
Cubism is a style of art, begun in the early twentieth century, in which objects are represented as if they could be seen from several different positions at the same time, using many lines and geometric shapes.
N-UNCOUNT

Cubist

1. Cubist Cubists
A Cubist is an artist who painted in the style of Cubism.
N-COUNT

2. Cubist
Cubist art is art in the style of Cubism.

- ...Picasso's seminal Cubist painting, `The Poet'.

ADJ: ADJ n

cub reporter

cub reporter cub reporters
A cub reporter is a young newspaper journalist who is still being trained.

- He had been a cub reporter for the Kansas City Star.

N-COUNT

cuckold

[D.J.:ˈkʌkəld, ˈkʊk-]

[K.K.:ˈkʌkəld, ˈkʊk-]

n.

妻子与人通奸的人, “乌龟”

vt.

使戴绿帽子

cuckold

1. cuckold cuckolds
A cuckold is a man whose wife is having an affair with another man. (LITERARY)

- Arthur himself has been portrayed as a weak cuckold.

N-COUNT

2. cuckold cuckolds cuckolding cuckolded
If a married woman is having an affair, she and her lover are cuckolding her husband. (LITERARY)

- His wife had cuckolded him.

VB

cuckoo

[D.J.:ˈku:ku:, ˈkʊku:]

[K.K.:ˈkuku, ˈkʊku]

n.

布谷鸟,杜鹃

cuckoo *

cuckoo cuckoos
A cuckoo is a bird that has a call of two quick notes, and lays its eggs in other birds' nests.
N-COUNT

cuckoo clock

cuckoo clock cuckoo clocks
A cuckoo clock is a clock with a door from which a toy cuckoo comes out and makes noises like a cuckoo every hour or half hour.
N-COUNT

cucumber

[D.J.:ˈkju:kʌmbə]

[K.K.:ˈkjuˌkʌmbɚ]

n.

黄瓜, 胡瓜

cucumber *

1. cucumber cucumbers
A cucumber is a long thin vegetable with a hard green skin and wet transparent flesh. It is eaten raw in salads.
N-VAR

2. cucumber
If you say that someone is as cool as a cucumber , you are emphasizing that they are very calm and relaxed, especially when you would not expect them to be.

- You can hardly be held responsible for Darrow waltzing in, cool as a cucumber, and demanding thousands of pounds.

PHR emphasis

cud

[D.J.:kʌd]

[K.K.:kʌd]

n.

反刍的食物

cud

cud
When animals such as cows or sheep chew the cud , they slowly chew their partly digested food over and over again in their mouth before finally swallowing it.
PHR: V inflects
= ruminate

cuddle

[D.J.:ˈkʌdl]

[K.K.:ˈkʌdl..]

vt. & vi.

拥抱, 怀抱

vi.

依偎着睡

cuddle up (to/against sb), cuddle up together

依偎着(…)；紧靠在一起

cuddle up to

亲近…(以获得好处)；靠拢

n.

搂抱;拥抱

cuddle *

1. cuddle cuddles cuddling cuddled
If you cuddle someone, you put your arms round them and hold them close as a way of showing your affection.

- He cuddled the newborn girl.

- They used to kiss and cuddle in front of everyone.

V-RECIP
= hug

2. cuddle cuddles
Also a noun.

- It would have been nice to give him a cuddle and a kiss but there wasn't time.

N-COUNT
= hug

cuddle

verb

hug

bill and coo

cosset

embrace

fondle

pet

snuggle

cuddle up *

cuddle up cuddles up; cuddling up; cuddled up
If you cuddle up to someone, you sit or lie as near to them as possible.

- `Yes,' he laughs, cuddling up to Debbie.

- Then we'd go home and cuddle up together to watch TV.

PHR-V-RECIP

cuddly

[ˈkʌdli]

adj.

不由得想搂抱的; 可爱的

cuddly *

1. cuddly cuddlier cuddliest
A cuddly person or animal makes you want to cuddle them.

- He is a small, cuddly man with spectacles.

- ...these cuddly creatures from South East Asia.

ADJ-GRADED approval

2. cuddly
Cuddly toys are soft toys that look like animals.
ADJ: ADJ n

cudgel

[D.J.:ˈkʌdʒəl]

[K.K.:ˈkʌdʒəl]

n.

棍棒

vt.

用棍棒打

cudgel

1. cudgel cudgels
A cudgel is a thick, short stick that is used as a weapon.
N-COUNT

2. cudgel
If you take up the cudgels for someone or something, you speak or fight in support of them.

- The trade unions took up the cudgels for the 367 staff made redundant.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR for/against n

cudgel

noun

club

baton

bludgeon

cosh Brit.

stick

truncheon

cue

[D.J.:kju:]

[K.K.:kju]

n.

尾白, 提示

暗示, 暗号, 指示

vt.

向…发出指示信号

cueing

(电视节目中)插入字幕;提示

cue ***

1. cue cues
In the theatre or in a musical performance, a performer's cue is something another performer says or does that is a signal for them to begin speaking, playing, or doing something.

- The actors not performing sit at the side of the stage in full view, waiting for their cues.

- I had never known him miss a cue.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

2. cue cues cueing cued
If one performer cues another, they say or do something which is a signal for the second performer to begin speaking, playing, or doing something.

- He read the scene, with Seaton cueing him.

VB

3. cue cues
If you say that something that happens is a cue for an action, you mean that people start doing that action when it happens.

- That was the cue for several months of intense bargaining.

- That was Nicholas's cue to ask for another chocolate chip cookie.

N-COUNT: oft N for n, N to-inf

4. cue cues
A cue is a long, thin wooden stick that is used to hit the ball in games such as snooker, billiards, and pool.

- Their youngest brother was nine when he picked up a cue for the first time.

N-COUNT

5. cue
If you say that something happened on cue or as if on cue , you mean that it happened just when it was expected to happen, or just at the right time.

- Kevin arrived right on cue to care for Harry.

- `It's almost eight o'clock.' As if on cue the bell in the chapel began to toll for Matins.

PHR

6. cue
If you take your cue from someone or something, you do something similar in a particular situation.

- Taking his cue from his companion, he apologized for his earlier display of temper.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR from n

cue

noun

signal

catchword

hint

key

prompting

reminder

sign

suggestion

cuff

[D.J.:kʌf]

[K.K.:kʌf]

n.

袖口

vt.

掌打, 拳打

cuffing

袖口状白血球聚集

cuff *

1. cuff cuffs
The cuffs of a shirt or dress are the parts at the ends of the sleeves, which are thicker than the rest of the sleeve.

- ...a pale blue shirt with white collar and cuffs.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. cuff cuffs
The cuffs on a pair of pants or trousers are the parts at the ends of the legs, which are folded up. (AM; in BRIT use turn-up )

- ...the cuffs of his jeans.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. cuff cuffs cuffing cuffed
If you cuff someone, you hit them quickly and lightly with your hand, usually on their head or their ear.

- Brodie cuffed him on the side of the head.

VB

4. cuff cuffs
Also a noun.

- He gave the dog a cuff.

N-COUNT

5. cuff cuffs cuffing cuffed
If the police cuff someone, they put handcuffs on them. (INFORMAL)

- She hoped they wouldn't cuff her hands behind her back.

VB

6. cuff
An off-the-cuff remark is made without being prepared or thought about in advance.

- I didn't mean any offence. It was a flippant, off-the-cuff remark.

- Mr Baker was speaking off the cuff when he made those suggestions.

PHR: PHR n, PHR after v

cufflink

cufflink cufflinks
Cufflinks are small decorative objects used for holding together shirt cuffs around the wrist.

- ...a pair of gold cufflinks.

N-COUNT: usu pl

cuisine

[D.J.:kwɪˈzi:n]

[K.K.:kwɪˈzin]

n.

烹饪艺术

菜肴

cuisine *

1. cuisine cuisines
The cuisine of a country or district is the style of cooking that is characteristic of that place.

- The cuisine of Japan is low in fat.

- ...traditional French cuisine.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= cooking

2. cuisine cuisines
The cuisine of a restaurant is the range of food that is served in it.

- The dining room has lakeside views and offers excellent cuisine.

- Establishing a new hotel and its cuisine takes time.

N-VAR: usu supp N

3. cuisine
The skill or profession of cooking unusual or interesting food can be referred to as cuisine .

- ...residential courses in gourmet cuisine.

N-UNCOUNT

cul-de-sac

[D.J.:ˌkuldəˈsæk]

[K.K.:ˈkʌldɪˈsæk, ˌkʊl-]

n.

死胡同

cul-de-sac

cul-de-sac cul-de-sacs
A cul-de-sac is a short road which is closed off at one end. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use dead end )

- We have a four-bedroom detached house in a quiet cul-de-sac near Chelmsford.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= close

cul-de-sac

noun

dead end

blind alley

culinary

[D.J.:ˈkju:ləˌneri:, ˈkʌlə-]

[K.K.:ˈkjuləˌnɛri, ˈkʌlə-]

adj.

厨房的, 烹饪的

culinary *

culinary
Culinary means concerned with cooking. (FORMAL)

- She was keen to acquire more advanced culinary skills.

- A three course dinner completes the culinary delights.

ADJ: ADJ n

cull

[D.J.:kʌl]

[K.K.:kʌl]

vt.

挑选, 剔除

culling

n.

选择,大批物品中剔出劣质货

cull *

1. cull culls culling culled
If items or ideas are culled from a particular source or number of sources, they are taken and gathered together.

- All this, needless to say, had been culled second-hand from radio reports.

- Laura was passing around photographs she'd culled from the albums at home.

- ...information culled from movies he had seen on television.

VB

2. cull culls culling culled
To cull animals means to kill the weaker animals in a group in order to reduce their numbers.

- To save remaining herds and habitat, the national parks department is planning to cull 2000 elephants.

VB

3. cull culls
Also a noun.

- In the reserves of Zimbabwe and South Africa, annual culls are already routine.

N-COUNT

4. culling

- The culling of seal cubs has led to an outcry from environmental groups.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

culminate

[D.J.:ˈkʌlmineit]

[K.K.:ˈkʌlməˌnet]

vt. & vi.

达到极点

culminating

adj.

到绝顶的,终极的,最后的

culminate *

culminate culminates culminating culminated
If you say that an activity, process, or series of events culminates in or with a particular event, you mean that event happens at the end of it.

- They had an argument, which culminated in Tom getting drunk.

- The celebration of the centenary will culminate with a dinner on November 20.

VB
= end

culminate

verb

end up

climax

close

come to a climax

come to a head

conclude

finish

wind up

culmination

[D.J.:ˌk ʌlmɪˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌk ʌlməˈneʃən]

n.

顶点;高潮的到达

结束；完成

culmination *

culmination
Something, especially something important, that is the culmination of an activity, process, or series of events happens at the end of it.

- Their arrest was the culmination of an operation in which 120 other people were detained.

N-SING: usu the N of n

culmination

noun

climax

acme

conclusion

consummation

finale

peak

pinnacle

zenith

culottes

[kju:ˈlɔts]

n.

女裙裤

culottes

culottes
Culottes are knee-length women's trousers that look like a skirt.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

culpability

[D.J.:k ʌlpəˈbɪlətɪ]

[K.K.:k ʌlpəˈbɪlətɪ]

n.

苛责;有罪

culpable

[D.J.:ˈkʌlpəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈkʌlpəbəl]

adj.

应受谴责的, 应受处罚的, 有罪的

culpable

1. culpable
If someone or their conduct is culpable , they are responsible for something wrong or bad that has happened. (FORMAL)

- Their decision to do nothing makes them culpable.

- ...manslaughter resulting from culpable negligence.

ADJ-GRADED

2. culpability

- He added there was clear culpability on the part of the government.

N-UNCOUNT

culpable

adjective

blameworthy

at fault

found wanting

guilty

in the wrong

to blame

wrong

culprit

[D.J.:ˈkʌlprit]

[K.K.:ˈkʌlprɪt]

n.

犯过错者, 罪犯

culprit *

1. culprit culprits
When you are talking about a crime or something wrong that has been done, you can refer to the person who did it as the culprit .

- All the men were being deported even though the real culprits in the fight have not been identified.

N-COUNT: usu the N
= offender

2. culprit culprits
When you are talking about a problem or bad situation, you can refer to its cause as the culprit .

- About 10% of Japanese teenagers are overweight. Nutritionists say the main culprit is increasing reliance on Western fast food.

N-COUNT

culprit

noun

offender

criminal

evildoer

felon

guilty party

miscreant

transgressor

wrongdoer

cult

[D.J.:kʌlt]

[K.K.:kʌlt]

n.

迷信

狂热的崇拜

cult **

1. cult cults
A cult is fairly small religious group, especially one which is considered strange.

- The teenager may have been abducted by a religious cult.

- The cult of Isis was carried from Egypt into Greece and Rome.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

2. cult
Cult is used to describe things that are very popular or fashionable among a particular group of people.

- Since her death, she has become a cult figure.

- The film is destined to become a cult classic.

- The Osaka-based group is popular home in Japan and has developed a cult following in the United States.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. cult
Someone or something that is a cult has become very popular or fashionable among a particular group of people.

- Ludlam was responsible for making Ridiculous Theatre something of a cult.

- The bra has gone from being a fashion classic to a fashion cult.

N-SING

4. cult cults
The cult of something is a situation in which people regard that thing as very important or special.

- ...the cult of youth that recently gripped publishing...

- Society is entitled and bound to protect itself against a cult of violence.

- Meanwhile the personality cult around this campaigner grew.

N-COUNT: usu the N of n disapproval

cult

noun

1.

sect

clique

faction

religion

school

2.

devotion

idolization

worship

cultivate

[D.J.:ˈkʌltiveit]

[K.K.:ˈkʌltəˌvet]

vt.

耕作, 种植

陶冶思想[感情]

培养(友谊)

cultivated

[D.J.:ˈkʌltəˌveɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈkʌltəˌvetɪd]

adj.

耕种的

栽培的,非野生的

培养成的;有教养的;文雅的

cultivation

[D.J.:ˌkʌltəˈveɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkʌltəˈveʃən]

n.

耕作,耕种

栽培;养殖

教化,培养

教养,修养;文雅

cultivate **

1. cultivate cultivates cultivating cultivated
If you cultivate land or crops, you prepare land and grow crops on it.

- She also cultivated a small garden of her own.

- ...the few patches of cultivated land.

VB

2. cultivation

- ...the cultivation of fruits and vegetables...

- Farmers with many acres under cultivation profited.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, prep N

3. cultivate cultivates cultivating cultivated
If you cultivate an attitude, image, or skill, you try hard to develop it and make it stronger or better.

- He has written eight books and has cultivated the image of an elder statesman.

- Cultivating a positive mental attitude towards yourself can reap tremendous benefits.

VB

4. cultivation

- ...the cultivation of a positive approach to life and health.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

5. cultivate cultivates cultivating cultivated
If you cultivate someone or cultivate a friendship with them, you try hard to develop a friendship with them.

- Howe carefully cultivated Daniel C. Roper, the Assistant Postmaster General.

- Estonia has done much to cultivate the friendship of western European countries.

VB

cultivated *

1. cultivated
If you describe someone as cultivated , you mean they are well educated and have good manners. (FORMAL)

- His mother was an elegant, cultivated woman.

ADJ-GRADED
= refined

2. cultivated
Cultivated plants have been developed for growing on farms or in gardens.

- ...a mixture of wild and cultivated varieties.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ wild

cultivate

verb

1.

farm

plant

plough

tend

till

work

2.

develop

foster

improve

promote

refine

3.

court

dance attendance upon

run after

seek out

cultivation

noun

1.

farming

gardening

husbandry

planting

ploughing

tillage

2.

development

encouragement

fostering

furtherance

nurture

patronage

promotion

support

cultivator

[D.J.:ˈkʌltəˌveɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈkʌltəˌvetɚ]

n.

中耕机;耕耘机

耕种者,农民

cultivator

1. cultivator cultivators
A cultivator is a tool or machine which is used to break up the earth or to remove weeds, for example in a garden or field.
N-COUNT

2. cultivator cultivators
A cultivator is someone who prepares the ground and grows crops in it. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

cultural

[D.J.:ˈkʌltʃərəl]

[K.K.:ˈkʌltʃərəl]

adj.

文化的, 与文化有关的

culturally

[D.J.:ˈk ʌltʃərəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈk ʌltʃərəlɪ]

adv.

从文化角度;文化意义上

从人文学角度;人文学方面

cultural ***

1. cultural
Cultural means relating to a particular society and its ideas, customs, and art.

- ...a deep sense of personal honor which was part of his cultural heritage.

- ...the Rajiv Gandhi Foundation which promotes cultural and educational exchanges between Britain and India.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. culturally

- ...an informed guide to culturally and historically significant sites...

- Culturally, they have much in common with their neighbours just across the border.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with cl

3. cultural
Cultural means involving or concerning the arts.

- ...the sponsorship of sports and cultural events by tobacco companies.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. culturally

- ...one of our better-governed, culturally active regional centres -- Manchester or Birmingham, say.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with cl

cultural

adjective

artistic

civilizing

edifying

educational

enlightening

enriching

humane

liberal

culture

[D.J.:ˈkʌltʃə]

[K.K.:ˈkʌltʃɚ]

n.

文化

休养, 教养, 精神文明

养殖, 培养, 栽培

vt.

培植, 培养

cultured

[D.J.:ˈkʌltʃəd]

[K.K.:ˈkʌltʃəd]

adj.

(人)有教养的;有修养的;文雅的

(细胞或细菌) (为医学或科学研究)培养的

(珍珠)人工养殖的

culture ****

1. culture
Culture consists of activities such as the arts and philosophy, which are considered to be important for the development of civilization and of people's minds.

- There is just not enough fun and frivolity in culture today.

- ...aspects of popular culture.

- ...France's Minister of Culture and Education.

N-UNCOUNT

2. culture cultures
A culture is a particular society or civilization, especially considered in relation to its beliefs, way of life, or art.

- ...people from different cultures...

- I was brought up in a culture that said you must put back into the society what you have taken out.

N-COUNT

3. culture cultures
The culture of a particular organization or group consists of the habits of the people in it and the way they generally behave.

- But social workers say that this has created a culture of dependency, particularly in urban areas.

- The institutions have realised they need to change their culture to improve efficiency and service.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. culture cultures
In science, a culture is a group of bacteria or cells which are grown, usually in a laboratory as part of an experiment. (TECHNICAL)

- ...a culture of human cells.

- ...a number of tissue culture experiments.

N-COUNT

5. culture cultures culturing cultured
In science, to culture a group of bacteria or cells means to grow them, usually in a laboratory as part of an experiment. (TECHNICAL)

- To confirm the diagnosis, the hospital laboratory must culture a colony of bacteria.

- ...cultured human blood cells.

VB

cultured *

cultured
If you describe someone as cultured , you mean that they have good manners, are well educated, and know a lot about the arts.

- He is a cultured man with a wide circle of friends.

ADJ-GRADED

culture

noun

1.

civilization

customs

lifestyle

mores

society

way of life

2.

refinement

education

enlightenment

good taste

sophistication

urbanity

3.

farming

cultivation

husbandry

cultured

adjective

refined

educated

enlightened

highbrow

sophisticated

urbane

well-informed

well-read

cultured pearl

cultured pearl cultured pearls
A cultured pearl is a pearl that is created by putting sand or grit into an oyster.
N-COUNT

culture shock

culture shock
Culture shock is a feeling of anxiety, loneliness, and confusion that people sometimes experience when they first arrive in another country.

- Callum, recently arrived in Glasgow, is jobless, homeless, friendless, and suffering from culture shock.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

culvert

[D.J.:ˈkʌlvət]

[K.K.:ˈkʌlvət]

n.

管路

culvert

culvert culverts
A culvert is a water pipe or sewer that crosses under a road or railway.
N-COUNT

culvert

noun

drain

channel

conduit

gutter

watercourse

-cum-

-cum-
-cum- is put between two nouns to form a noun referring to something or someone that is partly one thing and partly another.

- ...a dining-room-cum-study...

- She was a sort of policewoman-cum-prosecutor.

COMB in N-COUNT

cumbersome

[D.J.:ˈkʌmbəsəm]

[K.K.:ˈkʌmbəsəm]

adj.

沉重的, 笨重的, 转动不灵的

cumbersome *

1. cumbersome
Something that is cumbersome is large and heavy and therefore difficult to carry, wear, or handle.

- Although the machine looks cumbersome, it is actually easy to use.

- ...muffled up in thick and cumbersome clothing.

ADJ-GRADED
= unwieldy ≠ delicate

2. cumbersome
A cumbersome system or process is very complicated and inefficient.

- ...an old and cumbersome computer system...

- The proposed regulations are ill-defined and cumbersome and could be unnecessarily costly.

ADJ-GRADED
= clumsy

cumbersome

adjective

awkward

bulky

burdensome

heavy

unmanageable

unwieldy

weighty

cumin

[D.J.:ˈkʌmin]

[K.K.:ˈkʌmɪn, ˈkumɪn, ˈkju-]

n.

孜然芹,孜然芹果

cumin

cumin
Cumin is a sweet-smelling spice, and is popular in Indian cooking.
N-UNCOUNT

cummerbund

[D.J.:ˈkʌməbʌnd]

[K.K.:ˈkʌmɚˌbʌnd]

n.

(印度男人的)腹带,徽带,装饰带

cummerbund

cummerbund cummerbunds
A cummerbund is a wide piece of cloth worn round the waist as part of a man's evening dress.
N-COUNT

cumulative

[D.J.:ˈkju:mjulətiv]

[K.K.:ˈkjumjəˌletɪv, -jələtɪv]

adj.

累积的, 渐增的

cumulatively

[D.J.:ˈkju:mjʊlət ivlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkjumjəˌletɪvlɪ]

adv.

累积地;渐增地

cumulative *

1. cumulative
If a series of events have a cumulative effect, each event makes the effect greater.

- It is simple pleasures, such as a walk on a sunny day, which have a cumulative effect on our mood.

- The benefits from eating fish are cumulative.

ADJ

2. cumulatively

- His administration was plagued by one petty scandal after another, cumulatively very damaging.

ADV

cumuli

[D.J.:ˈkju:mjulai]

[K.K.:ˈkjumjəˌlaɪ]

n.

堆积,累积

cumulus

[D.J.:ˈkju:mjuləs]

[K.K.:ˈkjumjələs]

n.

积云

cumulus

cumulus cumuli
Cumulus is a type of thick white cloud formed when hot air rises very quickly.

- ...huge cumulus clouds.

N-VAR

cunnilingus

[D.J.:kʌniˈliŋɡəs]

[K.K.:ˌkʌnəˈlɪŋɡəs]

n.

(以舌或唇刺激女性生殖器的行为)舔阴

cunnilingus

cunnilingus
Cunnilingus is oral sex which involves someone using their mouth to stimulate a woman's genitals.
N-UNCOUNT

cunning

[D.J.:ˈkʌniŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkʌnɪŋ]

adj.

狡猾的, 奸诈的

熟练的, 精巧的

n.

狡猾, 奸诈

cunningly

[D.J.:ˈk ʌnɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈk ʌnɪ ŋlɪ]

adv.

狡猾地

巧妙地

cunning *

1. cunning
Someone who is cunning has the ability to achieve things in a clever way, often by deceiving other people.

- These disturbed kids can be cunning.

- ...Mr Blair's cunning plan.

ADJ-GRADED
= crafty

2. cunningly

- They were cunningly disguised in golf clothes.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. cunning
Cunning is the ability to achieve things in a clever way, often by deceiving other people.

- ...one more example of the cunning of today's art thieves...

- He tackled the job with a great deal of imagination, skill and cunning.

N-UNCOUNT

cunning

adjective

1.

crafty

artful

devious

Machiavellian

sharp

shifty

sly

wily

2.

skilful

imaginative

ingenious

noun

3.

craftiness

artfulness

deviousness

guile

slyness

trickery

4.

skill

artifice

cleverness

ingenuity

subtlety

cunt

[D.J.:kʌnt]

[K.K.:kʌnt]

n.

〈忌〉阴道,女性的阴部,性交,肉体,(尤指被视作性交对象的)女人

cunt

1. cunt cunts
Cunt is an offensive word that some people use to refer to a woman's vagina. ( VERY RUDE)
N-COUNT

2. cunt cunts
If someone calls another person a cunt , they are expressing contempt for that person. ( VERY RUDE)
N-COUNT disapproval

cup

[D.J.:kʌp]

[K.K.:kʌp]

n.

杯子

优胜杯, 奖杯

cupped

[kʌpt]

adj.

凹陷的,杯形的

cupping

[D.J.:ˈkʌpiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkʌpɪŋ]

n.

杯吸法,拔火罐

cup *****

1. cup cups
A cup is a small round container that you drink from. Cups usually have handles and are made from china or plastic.

- ...cups and saucers.

N-COUNT

2. cup cups
A cup of something is the amount of something contained in a cup.

- Mix about four cups of white flour with a pinch of salt.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. cup cups
Things, or parts of things, that are small, round, and hollow in shape can be referred to as cups .

- ...the brass cups of the small chandelier.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

4. cup cups
A cup is a large metal cup with two handles that is given to the winner of a game or competition.
N-COUNT
= trophy

5. cup cups
Cup is used in the names of some sports competitions in which the prize is a cup.

- Sri Lanka's cricket team will play India in the final of the Asia Cup.

- ...after his fateful injury in the 1991 FA Cup final.

N-COUNT: usu the n N

6. cup cups cupping cupped
If you cup your hands , you make them into a curved shape like a cup.

- He cupped his hands around his mouth and called out for Diane.

- David knelt, cupped his hands and splashed river water on to his face.

- She held it in her cupped hands for us to see.

VB

7. cup cups cupping cupped
If you cup something in your hands, you make your hands into a curved dish-like shape and support it or hold it gently.

- He cupped her chin in the palm of his hand.

- He cradled the baby in his arms, his hands cupping her tiny skull.

VB

8. cup
If someone is in their cups , they are drunk. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- He talked too freely when, as was too often the case, he was in his cups.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
not your cup of tea : see tea .

cup

noun

1.

mug

beaker

bowl

chalice

goblet

teacup

2.

trophy

cupboard

[D.J.:ˈkʌbəd]

[K.K.:ˈkʌbəd]

n.

柜橱

cupboard **

1. cupboard cupboards
A cupboard is a piece of furniture that has one or two doors, usually contains shelves, and is used to store things. In British English, cupboard refers to all kinds of furniture like this. In American English, the word closet is usually used instead to refer to larger pieces of furniture.

- The kitchen cupboard was stocked with tins of soup and food.

N-COUNT

2. cupboard cupboards
A cupboard is a very small room that is used to store things, especially one without windows. (BRIT; in AM use closet )
N-COUNT

cupboard

noun

cabinet

press

cupcake

[D.J.:ˈkʌpˌkeɪk]

[K.K.:ˈkʌpˌkek]

n.

杯形糕饼

cupcake

cupcake cupcakes
Cupcakes are small iced cakes for one person.
N-COUNT

cupful

[D.J.:ˈkʌpˌfʊl]

[K.K.:ˈkʌpˌfʊl]

n.

一杯之量

cupful

cupful cupfuls
A cupful of something is the amount of something a cup can contain.

- ...a cupful of warm milk.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

cupid

1. cupid
Cupid is the Roman god of love. He is usually shown as a baby boy with wings and a bow and arrow. People, especially journalists, refer to him when talking about people starting romantic relationships.

- ...the aristocrat who played Cupid to the Duke and Duchess.

N-PROPER also Cupid .

2. cupid cupids
A cupid is a picture or statue of a pretty little boy with wings, often holding a bow and arrow.

- I would like my wedding cake decorated with cupids.

N-COUNT also Cupid .

cupidity

[D.J.:kju:ˈpɪdɪti:]

[K.K.:kjuˈpɪdɪti]

n.

贪财, 贪心

cupidity

cupidity
Cupidity is a greedy desire for money and possessions. (FORMAL)

- His eyes gave him away, shining with cupidity.

N-UNCOUNT
= avarice

cupola

[D.J.:ˈkju:pələ]

[K.K.:ˈkjupələ]

n.

炮塔

cupola

cupola cupolas
A cupola is a roof or part of a roof that is shaped like a dome. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= dome

cuppa

[D.J.:ˈkʌpə]

[K.K.:ˈkʌpə]

n.

一杯茶

cuppa

cuppa cuppas
A cuppa is a cup of tea. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Have you time for a cuppa?

N-COUNT

cup tie *

cup tie cup ties
In sports, especially soccer, a cup tie is a match between two teams who are taking part in a competition in which the prize is a cup. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also cup-tie .

cur

[D.J.:kɜ:]

[K.K.:kə..]

n.

野狗

坏蛋;无赖

cur

cur curs
A cur is an unfriendly dog, especially a mongrel. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

curable

[D.J.:ˈkjʊərəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈkjʊrəbəl]

adj.

可治愈的

curable

curable
If a disease or illness is curable , it can be cured.

- Most skin cancers are completely curable if detected in the early stages.

ADJ
≠ incurable

curate

[D.J.:ˈkjuərit]

[K.K.:ˈkjʊrɪt]

n.

副牧师,助理牧师

curate *

1. curate curates
A curate is a clergyman in the Anglican Church who helps the priest.
N-COUNT

2. curate curates curating curated
If an exhibition is curated by someone, they organize it.

- The Hayward exhibition has been curated by the artist Bernard Luthi.

VB: usu passive

curative

[D.J.:ˈkjuərətiv]

[K.K.:ˈkjʊrətɪv]

adj.

医疗的

n.

药品

curative

curative
Something that has curative properties can cure people's illnesses. (FORMAL)

- Ancient civilizations believed in the curative powers of fresh air and sunlight.

- ...curative herbs.

ADJ
= healing

curator

[D.J.:kjʊˈreɪtə, ˈkjʊərətə]

[K.K.:kjʊˈretɚ, ˈkjʊrətɚ]

n.

管理者,管理人,图书馆馆长

curatorship

n.

管理者的职位(或身份)

curatorship

n.

管理者的职务,评议员的地位

curator *

curator curators
A curator is someone who is in charge of the objects or works of art in a museum or art gallery.

- Peter Forey is curator of fossil fishes at the Natural History Museum.

N-COUNT

curatorial

[-ˈtɔ:riəl]

adj.

医药的

curatorial

curatorial
Curatorial means relating to curators and their work. (FORMAL)

- ...the museum's curatorial team.

ADJ: ADJ n

curb

[D.J.:kə:b]

[K.K.:kɚb]

n.

侧石, 边石

限制, 克制, 抑制

vt.

限制, 克制, 抑制

curbing

[D.J.:ˈkə:biŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkɚbɪŋ]

n.

边石,边石的材料

curb **

1. curb curbs curbing curbed
If you curb something, you control it and keep it within limits.

- ...advertisements aimed at curbing the spread of Aids...

- Inflation needs to be curbed in Russia.

VB
= check restrain

2. curb curbs
Also a noun.

- He called for much stricter curbs on immigration.

N-COUNT: oft N on n

3. curb curbs curbing curbed
If you curb an emotion or your behaviour, you keep it under control.

- He curbed his temper.

- You must curb your extravagant tastes.

VB
= check restrain

curb

noun

1.

restraint

brake

bridle

check

control

deterrent

limitation

rein

verb

2.

restrain

check

control

hinder

impede

inhibit

restrict

retard

suppress

curd

[D.J.:kɜ:d]

[K.K.:kə..d]

n.

凝乳

curd

curd curds
The thick white substance which is formed when milk turns sour can be referred to as curds .
N-VAR: usu pl

curdle

[D.J.:ˈkɜ:dl]

[K.K.:ˈkə..dl..]

vt. & vi.

(使)凝结

curdling

[ˈkə:dliŋ]

n.

凝化

curdle

curdle curdles curdling curdled
If milk or eggs curdle or if you curdle them, they separate into different bits.

- The sauce should not boil or the egg yolk will curdle.

- The herb has been used for centuries to curdle milk.

V-ERG

cure

[D.J.:kjuə]

[K.K.:kjʊr]

vt.

治愈, 治好

消除, 矫正

n.

治愈, 治疗

药物; 疗法

cured

[ˈkjuəd]

n.

治愈的

curing

[ˈkjuəriŋ]

n.

食物加工法

cure ***

1. cure cures curing cured
If doctors or medical treatments cure an illness or injury, they cause it to end or disappear.

- An operation finally cured his shin injury.

- Her cancer can only be controlled, not cured.

VB

2. cure cures curing cured
If doctors or medical treatments cure a person, they make the person well again after an illness or injury.

- MDT is an effective treatment and could cure all the leprosy sufferers worldwide.

- Almost overnight I was cured.

- Now doctors believe they have cured him of the disease.

VB
= heal

3. cure cures
A cure for an illness is a medicine or other treatment that cures the illness.

- There is still no cure for a cold.

- Atkinson has been told rest is the only cure for his ankle injury.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

4. cure cures curing cured
If someone or something cures a problem, they bring it to an end.

- Private firms are willing to make large scale investments to help cure Russia's economic troubles.

- We need to cure our environmental problems.

VB

5. cure cures
A cure for a problem is something that will bring it to an end.

- Punishment can never be an effective cure for acute social problems.

- The magic cure for inflation does not exist.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N for n
= solution

6. cure cures curing cured
If an action or event cures someone of a habit or an attitude, it makes them stop having it.

- The experience was a detestable ordeal, and it cured him of any ambitions to direct again.

- He went to a clinic to cure his drinking and overeating.

VB

7. cure cures curing cured
When food, tobacco, or animal skin is cured , it is dried, smoked, or salted so that it will last for a long time.

- Legs of pork were cured and smoked over the fire.

- ...sliced cured ham.

VB: usu passive

cure

verb

1.

make better

correct

ease

heal

mend

relieve

remedy

restore

2.

preserve

dry

pickle

salt

smoke

noun

3.

remedy

antidote

medicine

nostrum

panacea

treatment

cure-all

[D.J.:ˈkjʊərˌɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈkjʊrˌɔl]

n.

万灵药

cure-all

cure-all cure-alls
A cure-all is something that is believed, usually wrongly, to be able to solve all the problems someone or something has, or to cure a wide range of illnesses.

- He said the introduction of market discipline to the economy was not a magic cure-all for its problems.

- Broussais was the first physician to use leeches as a cure-all.

N-COUNT: oft N for n
= panacea

curfew

[D.J.:ˈkɜ:fju:]

[K.K.:ˈkə..fju]

n.

宵禁, 戒严

curfew **

curfew curfews
A curfew is a law stating that people must stay inside their houses after a particular time at night, for example during a war.

- The village was placed under curfew.

- In Lucknow crowds of people defied the curfew to celebrate on the streets.

N-VAR

curio

[D.J.:ˈkjuəriəu]

[K.K.:ˈkjʊriˌo]

n.

小件珍奇物品

curio

curio curios
A curio is an object such as a small ornament which is unusual and fairly rare.

- ...Oriental curios.

- ...antique and curio shops.

N-COUNT

curiosity

[D.J.:ˌkjuəriˈɔsiti]

[K.K.:ˌkjʊriˈɑsɪti]

n.

好奇心, 爱打听的癖性

奇人, 奇物, 珍品

curiosity **

1. curiosity
Curiosity is a desire to know about something.

- Ryle accepted more out of curiosity than anything else.

- ...an enthusiasm and genuine curiosity about the past...

- To satisfy our own curiosity we traveled to Baltimore.

N-UNCOUNT
= inquisitiveness

2. curiosity curiosities
A curiosity is something that is unusual, interesting, and fairly rare.

- There is much to see in the way of castles, curiosities, and museums.

- Reed International is a curiosity in the international world of publishing.

N-COUNT

curiosity

noun

1.

inquisitiveness

interest

nosiness informal

prying

snooping informal

2.

oddity

freak

novelty

phenomenon

rarity

sight

spectacle

wonder

curious

[D.J.:ˈkjuəriəs]

[K.K.:ˈkjʊriəs]

adj.

好奇的, 好求知的

奇妙的, 稀奇的

curiously

[D.J.:ˈkjʊərɪəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkjʊrɪəslɪ]

adv.

好奇地

奇异地,奇怪地;说来古怪

curious ***

1. curious
If you are curious about something, you are interested in it and want to know more about it.

- Steve was intensely curious about the world I came from.

- Children are naturally curious.

- ...a group of curious villagers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n
= inquisitive

2. curiously

- The woman in the shop had looked at them curiously.

- `Is that how you got that scar on your face?' Bess asked curiously.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. curious
If you describe something as curious , you mean that it is unusual or difficult to understand.

- There is a curious thing about her writings in this period.

- The pageant promises to be a curious mixture of the ancient and modern.

- The naval high command's response to these developments is rather curious.

ADJ-GRADED
= odd peculiar funny

4. curiously

- Harry was curiously silent through all this.

- Curiously, the struggle to survive has greatly improved her health.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with cl

curious

adjective

1.

inquiring

inquisitive

interested

questioning

searching

2.

inquisitive

meddling

nosy informal

prying

3.

unusual

bizarre

extraordinary

mysterious

novel

odd

peculiar

rare

strange

unexpected

curl

[D.J.:kə:l]

[K.K.:kɚrl]

n.

一绺鬈发

卷曲物, 螺旋状物

vt. & vi.

(使)弯曲, (使)卷曲

盘旋, 缠绕

curled

卷曲的,卷发状的,卷缩的

curling

[D.J.:ˈkə:liŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkɚlɪŋ]

n.

苏格兰的冰上掷石游戏,头发的卷曲,卷缩

curl **

1. curl curls
If you have curls , your hair is in the form of tight curves and spirals.

- ...the little girl with blonde curls...

- A curl of black hair fell loosely across his forehead.

N-COUNT

2. curl
If your hair has curl , it is full of curls.

- Dry curly hair naturally for maximum curl and shine.

N-UNCOUNT

3. curl curls curling curled
If your hair curls or if you curl it, it is full of curls.

- She has hair that refuses to curl.

- Maria had curled her hair for the event.

- Afro hair is short and tightly curled.

V-ERG

4. curl curls
A curl of something is a piece or quantity of it that is curved or spiral in shape.

- A thin curl of smoke rose from a rusty stove.

- ...curls of lemon peel.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

5. curl curls curling curled
If your toes, fingers, or other parts of your body curl , or if you curl them, they form a curved or round shape.

- His fingers curled gently round her wrist.

- Raise one foot, curl the toes and point the foot downwards.

- She sat with her legs curled under her.

V-ERG
= bend

6. curl curls curling curled
If something curls somewhere, or if you curl it there, it moves there in a spiral or curve.

- Smoke was curling up the chimney.

- He curled the ball into the net.

V-ERG

7. curl curls curling curled
If a person or animal curls into a ball, they move into a position in which their body makes a rounded shape.

- He wanted to curl into a tiny ball.

- The kitten was curled on a cushion on the sofa.

VB

8. curl up curls up; curling up; curled up
Curl up means the same as curl .

- In colder weather, your cat will curl up into a tight, heat-conserving ball.

- She curled up next to him.

- He was asleep there, curled up in the fetal position.

PHR-V

9. curl curls curling curled
When a leaf, a piece of paper, or another flat object curls , its edges bend towards the centre.

- The rose leaves have curled because of an attack by grubs.

VB

10. curl up curls up; curling up; curled up
Curl up means the same as curl .

- The corners of the lino were curling up.

PHR-V

11. curl curls curling curled
If you curl your lip, you raise your upper lip slightly at one side, as a way of showing anger or contempt.

- He curled his upper lip in a show of scepticism.

- She had a small, mean mouth that curled disapprovingly each time her husband wrote something in his diary.

V-ERG

curl

verb

1.

twirl

bend

coil

curve

loop

spiral

turn

twist

wind

noun

2.

twist

coil

kink

ringlet

spiral

whorl

curler

[D.J.:ˈkə:lə]

[K.K.:ˈkɚlɚ]

n.

卷发的人,卷发夹子

curler

curler curlers
Curlers are small plastic or metal tubes that women roll their hair round in order to make it curly.

- ...a woman in a flowered apron with her hair in curlers.

N-COUNT
= roller

curlew

[D.J.:ˈkə:lu:]

[K.K.:ˈkɚlju, ˈkɚlu]

n.

一种鸟

curlew

curlew curlews
A curlew is a large brown bird with long legs and a long curved beak. Curlews live near water and have a very distinctive cry.
N-COUNT

curlicue

[D.J.:ˈkə:likju:]

[K.K.:ˈkɚlɪˌkju]

n.

(装饰性)卷曲, 旋曲

curlicue

curlicue curlicues
Curlicues are decorative twists and curls, usually carved or made with a pen. (LITERARY)

- Her stern was embellished with curlicues of gold.

N-COUNT: usu pl

curly

[D.J.:ˈkɜ:li:]

[K.K.:ˈkə..li]

adj.

有卷发的, 长卷毛的

curly *

1. curly curlier curliest
Curly hair is full of curls.

- I've got naturally curly hair.

- Her hair was dark and curly.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ straight

2. curly curlier curliest
Curly is sometimes used to describe things that are curved or spiral in shape.

- ...cauliflowers with extra long curly leaves.

- ...dragons with curly tails.

- ...spectacular curly water slides.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ straight

curly

adjective

curling

crinkly

curled

frizzy

fuzzy

wavy

winding

curmudgeon

[D.J.:kəˈmʌdʒən]

[K.K.:kɚˈmʌdʒən]

n.

坏脾气的人,吝啬鬼,守财奴

curmudgeonly

adj.

curmudgeonly

adj.

小气的,不和悦的

curmudgeon

curmudgeon curmudgeons
If you call someone a curmudgeon , you do not like them because they are mean or bad-tempered. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...such a terrible old curmudgeon.

N-COUNT disapproval

curmudgeonly

curmudgeonly
If you describe someone as curmudgeonly , you do not like them because they are mean or bad-tempered. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...her curmudgeonly cynic of a boss...

- He displayed a curmudgeonly unwillingness to accept the voters' verdict.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= churlish

currant

[D.J.:ˈkɜ:rənt, ˈkʌr-]

[K.K.:ˈkə..rənt, ˈkʌr-]

n.

无核小葡萄干

茶藨子属植物(的果实)

currant

1. currant currants
Currants are small dried black grapes, used especially in cakes.
N-COUNT

2. currant currants
Currants are bushes which produce edible red, black, or white berries. The berries are also called currants .
N-COUNT
See also blackcurrant , redcurrant .

currency

[D.J.:ˈkʌrənsi]

[K.K.:ˈkɚrənsi, ˈkʌr-]

n.

通货, 货币

流通, 通用, 流行

currency ***

1. currency currencies
The money used in a particular country is referred to as its currency .

- Tourism is the country's top earner of foreign currency.

- More people favour a single European currency than oppose it.

- ...Western currencies.

N-VAR

2. currency
If a custom, idea, or word has currency , it is used and accepted by a lot of people at a particular time. (FORMAL)

- His theory of the social contract had wide currency in America.

- `Loop' is one of those computer words that has gained currency in society.

N-UNCOUNT
= acceptance

currency

noun

1.

money

coinage

coins

notes

2.

acceptance

circulation

exposure

popularity

prevalence

vogue

current

[D.J.:ˈkʌrənt]

[K.K.:ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr-]

adj.

现在的, 现行的

通用的, 通行的, 被普遍接受的

n.

水流, 气流

电流

趋向, 趋势, 倾向

currently

[D.J.:ˈkʌrɵntlɪ]

adv.

当前;目前;眼下

current *****

1. current currents
A current is a steady and continuous flowing movement of some of the water in a river, lake, or sea.

- Under normal conditions, the ocean currents of the tropical Pacific travel from east to west.

- The couple were swept away by the strong current.

N-COUNT

2. current currents
A current is a steady flowing movement of air.

- I felt a current of cool air blowing in my face.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. current currents
An electric current is a flow of electricity through a wire or circuit.

- A powerful electric current is passed through a piece of graphite.

N-COUNT

4. current currents
A particular current is a particular feeling, idea, or quality that exists within a group of people.

- Each party represents a distinct current of thought.

- A strong current of nationalism runs through ideology and politics in the Arab world.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

5. current
Current means happening, being used, or being done at the present time.

- The current situation is very different to that in 1990.

- He plans to repeal a number of current policies.

- When asked for your views about your current job, on no account must you be negative.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

6. currently

- Twelve potential vaccines are currently being tested on human volunteers.

- He currently has no strong rivals for power.

ADV: ADV before v

7. current
Ideas and customs that are current are generally accepted and used by most people.

- Current thinking suggests that toxins only have a small part to play in the build up of cellulite.

- This custom was still current in the late 1960s.

ADJ

current

adjective

1.

present

contemporary

fashionable

in fashion

in vogue

present-day

trendy Brit. informal

up-to-date

2.

prevalent

accepted

common

customary

in circulation

popular

topical

widespread

noun

3.

flow

course

draught

jet

progression

river

stream

tide

undertow

4.

mood

atmosphere

feeling

tendency

trend

undercurrent

current account *

1. current account current accounts
A current account is a personal bank account which you can take money out of at any time using your cheque book or cash card. (BRIT; in AM use checking account )

- His current account was seriously overdrawn.

N-COUNT

2. current account current accounts
A country's current account is the difference in value between its exports and imports over a particular period of time. (TECHNICAL)

- Portugal will probably have a small current-account surplus for 1992.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N n

current affairs *

current affairs
If you refer to current affairs , you are referring to political events and problems in society which are discussed in newspapers, and on television and radio.

- I am ill-informed on current affairs.

- ...the BBC's current affairs programme `Panorama'.

N-PLURAL

curricula

[kəˈrikjulə]

n.

课程

curriculum

[D.J.:kəˈrikjuləm]

[K.K.:kəˈrɪkjələm]

n.

总课程

curriculum **

1. curriculum curriculums or curricula
A curriculum is all the different courses of study that are taught in a school, college, or university.

- There should be a broader curriculum in schools for post-16-year-old pupils.

- Russian is the one compulsory foreign language on the school curriculum.

N-COUNT
See also National Curriculum .

2. curriculum curriculums or curricula
A particular curriculum is one particular course of study that is taught in a school, college, or university.

- ...the history curriculum.

N-COUNT: usu n N
= syllabus

curriculum vitae

curriculum vitae
A curriculum vitae is the same as a CV . (mainly BRIT; in AM use r´esum´e )
N-SING

curried

[ˈkʌrid;ˈkə:rid]

adj.

加了咖喱(或咖喱粉的),用咖哩粉调理的

curried

curried
Curried meat or vegetables have been flavoured with hot spices.
ADJ: ADJ

curry

[D.J.:ˈkɜ:ri:, ˈkʌri:]

[K.K.:ˈkə..ri, ˈkʌri]

n.

咖喱食品

vt.

用咖喱粉烹调(食物)

梳刷(马匹)

curry favor with

讨好； 奉承； 拍某人的马屁

curry *

1. curry curries
Curry is a dish composed of meat and vegetables, or just vegetables, in a sauce containing hot spices. It is usually eaten with rice and is one of the main dishes of India.

- ...vegetable curry...

- I went for a curry last night.

N-VAR

2. curry
If one person tries to curry favour with another, they do things in order to try to gain their support or co-operation.

- Politicians are eager to promote their `happy family' image to curry favour with voters.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR with n

curry powder

curry powder curry powders
Curry powder is a powder made from a mixture of spices. It is used in cooking, especially when making curry.
N-MASS

curse

[D.J.:kə:s]

[K.K.:kɚs]

vt. & vi.

诅咒; 骂

n.

诅咒, 咒语; 骂人的话

祸害, 祸根

cursed

[D.J.:ˈkə:sid]

[K.K.:ˈkɚsɪd, kɚst]

adj.

被诅咒的,邪恶的

cursing

[ˈkə:siŋ]

n.

诅咒,逐出教会

curse **

1. curse curses cursing cursed
If you curse , you use rude or offensive language, usually because you are angry about something. (WRITTEN)

- I cursed and hobbled to my feet.

VB
= swear

2. curse curses
Also a noun.

- He shot her an angry look and a curse.

N-COUNT

3. curse curses cursing cursed
If you curse someone, you say insulting things to them because you are angry with them.

- Grandma protested, but he cursed her and rudely pushed her aside.

- He cursed himself for having been so careless.

VB

4. curse curses cursing cursed
If you curse something, you complain angrily about it, especially using rude language.

- So we set off again, cursing the delay, towards the west.

- She silently cursed her own stupidity.

VB

5. curse curses
If you say that there is a curse on someone, you mean that there seems to be a supernatural power causing unpleasant things to happen to them.

- Maybe there is a curse on my family.

- He's been the object of a voodoo curse.

N-COUNT: oft N on/upon n

6. curse curses
You can refer to something that causes a great deal of trouble or harm as a curse .

- Apathy is the long-standing curse of British local democracy.

- Summer colds are a terrible curse.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n
= plague

cursed *

1. cursed
If you are cursed with something, you are very unlucky in having it.

- Bulman was cursed with a poor memory for names.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with n

2. cursed
Someone or something that is cursed is suffering as the result of a curse.

- The whole family seemed cursed.

- The ground was cursed because of him.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

3. cursed
Cursed is used by some people to emphasize what they are saying, especially when they are angry. (OLD-FASHIONED, RUDE)

- I wish this cursed place was burned.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

curse

verb

1.

swear

blaspheme

cuss informal

take the Lord's name in vain

2.

damn

anathematize

excommunicate

noun

3.

oath

blasphemy

expletive

obscenity

swearing

swearword

4.

denunciation

anathema

ban

excommunication

hoodoo informal

jinx

5.

affliction

bane

hardship

plague

scourge

torment

trouble

cursed

adjective

damned

accursed

bedevilled

doomed

ill-fated

cursor

[D.J.:ˈkɜ:sə]

[K.K.:ˈkə..sɚ]

n.

光标

cursor

cursor cursors
On a computer screen, the cursor is a small shape that indicates where anything that is typed by the user will appear.
N-COUNT

cursory

[D.J.:ˈkɜ:səri:]

[K.K.:ˈkə..səri]

adj.

粗略的, 草率的, 仓促的

cursory

cursory
A cursory glance or examination is a brief one in which you do not pay much attention to detail.

- Burke cast a cursory glance at the menu, then flapped it shut.

- I gave the letter a fairly cursory reading.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= perfunctory

curt

[D.J.:kɜ:t]

[K.K.:kə..t]

adj.

简短的,三言两语的

curtly

adv.

简短地

curtness

n.

简短,草率,唐突无礼

curtly

[D.J.:ˈkɜ:tlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkə..tlɪ]

adv.

简慢地;唐突草率地;简短地

curtness

n.

简略,草率

curt *

1. curt
If you say describe someone as curt , you mean that they speak or reply in a brief and rather rude way.

- Her tone of voice was curt.

- `The matter is closed,' was the curt reply.

ADJ-GRADED
= abrupt brusque

2. curtly

- `I'm leaving,' she said curtly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

curt

adjective

short

abrupt

blunt

brief

brusque

gruff

monosyllabic

succinct

terse

curtail

[D.J.:kə:ˈteil]

[K.K.:kɚˈtel]

vt.

截断, 缩短

curtail *

curtail curtails curtailing curtailed
If you curtail something, you reduce or limit it. (FORMAL)

- NATO plans to curtail the number of troops being sent to the region.

- I told Louie that old age would curtail her activities in time.

- His powers will be severely curtailed.

VB
= limit

curtail

verb

cut short

cut back

decrease

diminish

dock

lessen

reduce

shorten

truncate

curtailment

[kə:ˈteilmənt]

n.

缩减,缩短

curtailment

curtailment
The curtailment of something is the act of reducing or limiting it. (FORMAL)

- ...a considerable curtailment of military spending.

- ...the curtailment of presidential power.

N-SING: usu N of n

curtain

[D.J.:ˈkə:tn]

[K.K.:ˈkɚtn]

n.

窗帘, 门帘

幕, 帷幕

curtain ***

1. curtain curtains
Curtains are large pieces of material which you hang from the top of a window. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use drapes )

- Her bedroom curtains were drawn.

N-COUNT

2. curtain curtains
Curtains are pieces of very thin material which you hang in front of windows in order to prevent people from seeing in. (AM; in BRIT use net curtains )
N-COUNT
= sheers

3. curtain
In a theatre, the curtain is the large piece of material that hangs in front of the stage until a performance begins.

- The curtain rises toward the end of the Prelude.

N-SING: the N

4. curtain
You can refer to something as a curtain when it is thick and difficult to see through or get past. (LITERARY)

- ...a curtain of cigarette smoke...

- He saw something dark disappear behind the curtain of leaves.

N-SING: usu N of n
See also Iron Curtain .

5. curtain
If something brings down the curtain on an event or situation, it causes or marks the end of it.

- Management changes are under way that will finally bring down the curtain on Lord Forte's extraordinary working life.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= end

curtain

noun

hanging

drape chiefly U.S.

curtain call

curtain call curtain calls
In a theatre, when actors or performers take a curtain call , they come forward to the front of the stage after a performance in order to receive the applause of the audience.

- The first time they danced together, there were 23 curtain calls.

N-COUNT also curtain-call .

curtained

curtained
A curtained window, door, or other opening has a curtain hanging across it.

- He could make out no light from behind the curtained windows.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

curtain-raiser

n.

开场短剧;(事件的)引子

curtain-raiser

curtain-raiser curtain-raisers
A curtain-raiser is an event, especially a sporting event or a performance, that takes place before a more important one, or starts off a series of events. (JOURNALISM)

- The three-race series will be a curtain-raiser to the Monaco Grand Prix in May.

- The President's address tonight from the Oval Office is a curtain-raiser for the economic policy message set for delivery to Congress on Wednesday.

N-COUNT: usu sing

curtsy

[D.J.:ˈkɜ:tsi:]

[K.K.:ˈkə..tsi]

n.

(女子的)屈膝礼

vi.

行屈膝礼

curtsy

1. curtsy curtsies curtsying curtsied
If a woman or a girl curtsies , she lowers her body briefly, bending her knees and sometimes holding her skirt with both hands, as a way of showing respect for an important person.

- We were taught how to curtsy to the Queen.

- Ingrid shook the Duchess's hand and curtsied.

VB also curtsey .

2. curtsy curtsies
Also a noun.

- She gave a curtsy.

N-COUNT also curtsey .

curvaceous

[D.J.:kɜ:ˈveɪʃəs]

[K.K.:kə..ˈveʃəs]

adj.

<口>(尤指妇女)体型富于曲线美的

curvaceous

curvaceous
If someone describes a woman as curvaceous , they think she is attractive because of the curves of her body.

- ...a curvaceous blonde.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= curvy ≠ skinny

curvature

[D.J.:ˈkɜ:vəˌtʃʊə, -tʃə]

[K.K.:ˈkə..vəˌtʃʊr, -tʃɚ]

n.

弯曲

弯曲部分

曲率,曲度

curvature

curvature
The curvature of something is its curved shape, especially when this shape is part of the circumference of a circle. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the curvature of the earth...

- He suffered from curvature of the spine.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

curve

[D.J.:kə:v]

[K.K.:kɚv]

n.

曲线, 弧线

曲线状物, 弯曲物

vt. & vi.

(使)弯成弧形

curved

[D.J.:kɜ:vd]

[K.K.: kə..vd]

adj.

弧形的; 曲线的

curves

圆括号

curving

[ˈkə:viŋ]

adj.

弯曲的

curve **

1. curve curves
A curve is a smooth, gradually bending line, for example part of the edge of a circle.

- ...the curve of his lips.

- ...a curve in the road.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. curve curves curving curved
If something curves , or if someone or something curves it, it has the shape of a curve.

- Her spine curved.

- The track curved away below him.

- ...a knife with a slightly curving blade...

- A small, unobtrusive smile curved the cook's thin lips.

V-ERG

3. curve curves curving curved
If something curves , it moves in a curve, for example through the air.

- The ball curved strangely in the air.

VB

4. curve curves
You can refer to a change in something as a particular curve , especially when it is represented on a graph.

- Each firm will face a downward-sloping demand curve.

- Was it just a temporary blip on an otherwise healthy growth curve?

N-COUNT: usu with supp
See also learning curve .

curved *

curved
A curved object has the shape of a curve or has a smoothly bending surface.

- ...a small, curved staircase.

- ...the curved lines of the chairs.

ADJ-GRADED

curve

noun

1.

bend

arc

curvature

loop

trajectory

turn

verb

2.

bend

arc

arch

coil

hook

spiral

swerve

turn

twist

wind

curved

adjective

bent

arched

bowed

rounded

serpentine

sinuous

twisted

curvy

[ˈkə:vi]

adj.

弯曲的,曲线美的

curvy

curvy
If someone describes a woman as curvy , they think she is attractive because of the curves of her body. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED approval
= curvaceous ≠ skinny

cushion

[D.J.:ˈkuʃən]

[K.K.:ˈkʊʃən]

n.

垫子, 坐垫

cushioning

减震,缓冲

cushion **

1. cushion cushions
A cushion is a fabric case filled with soft material, which you put on a seat to make it more comfortable.

- ...a velvet cushion.

N-COUNT

2. cushion cushions
A cushion is a soft pad or barrier, especially one that protects something.

- The company provides a styrofoam cushion to protect the tablets during shipping.

N-COUNT

3. cushion cushions cushioning cushioned
Something that cushions an object when it hits something protects it by reducing the force of the impact.

- There is also a new steering wheel with an energy absorbing rim to cushion the driver's head in the worst impacts.

- The suspension is designed to cushion passengers from the effects of riding over rough roads.

VB

4. cushion cushions cushioning cushioned
To cushion the effect of something unpleasant means to reduce it.

- They said Western aid was needed to cushion the blows of vital reform.

- The price rises will be cushioned by welfare benefits.

- The subsidies are designed to cushion farmers against unpredictable weather.

VB

5. cushion cushions
Something that is a cushion against something unpleasant reduces its effect.

- Housing benefit provides a cushion against hardship.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

cushioning

cushioning
Cushioning is something soft that protects an object when it hits something.

- Walkers need cushioning under the ball of the foot.

N-UNCOUNT

cushion

noun

1.

pillow

beanbag

bolster

hassock

headrest

pad

verb

2.

soften

dampen

deaden

muffle

stifle

suppress

cushy

[D.J.:ˈkuʃi]

[K.K.:ˈkʊʃi]

adj.

容易的, 轻松的

cushy

cushy cushier cushiest
A cushy job or situation is pleasant because it does not involve much work or effort. (INFORMAL)

- ...a cushy job in the civil service...

- He had a fairly cushy upbringing.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

cushy

adjective Informal

easy

comfortable

soft

undemanding

cusp

[D.J.:kʌsp]

[K.K.:kʌsp]

n.

尖头,尖端

cusp

cusp
If you say that someone or something is on the cusp , you mean they are between two states, or are about to be in a particular state.

- I am sitting on the cusp of middle age.

- Ms Short's behaviour is only on the cusp of acceptability.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

cuss

[D.J.:kʌs]

[K.K.:kʌs]

n.

诅咒,坏话,家伙

v.

乱骂,咒骂

cussed

[D.J.:ˈkʌsɪd]

[K.K.:ˈkʌsɪd]

adj.

<口>笨拙的,固执的

cuss

cuss cusses cussing cussed
If someone cusses , they swear at someone or use bad language. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- Tosh was known to be a man who would cuss and shout.

- He rails and cusses at those pop stars.

VB
= curse

custard

[D.J.:ˈkʌstəd]

[K.K.:ˈkʌstəd]

n.

蛋奶糊,牛奶沙司

custard *

custard custards
Custard is a sweet yellow sauce made from milk and eggs or from milk and a powder. It is eaten with fruit and puddings.

- ...bananas and custard.

N-MASS

custard pie

custard pie custard pies
Custard pies are artificial pies which people sometimes throw at each other as a joke.

- ...a custard pie fight.

N-COUNT

custodial

[D.J.:kʌˈstəudjəl]

[K.K.:kʌˈstodiəl]

adj.

保管的,保管人的

n.

圣物保管容器

custodial

1. custodial
Custodial means relating to keeping people in prison. (mainly BRIT, FORMAL)

- If he is caught again he will be given a custodial sentence.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. custodial
If a child's parents are divorced or separated, the custodial parent is the parent who has custody of the child. (LEGAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

custodian

[D.J.:kʌˈstəʊdi:ən]

[K.K.:kʌˈstodiən]

n.

看守人,保管人

custodian *

custodian custodians
The custodian of an official building, a companies' assets, or something else valuable is the person who is officially in charge of it.

- ...the custodian of the holy shrines in Mecca and Medina.

N-COUNT

custody

[D.J.:ˈkʌstədi]

[K.K.:ˈkʌstədi]

n.

监护(权), 守护

拘留, 监禁

custody **

1. custody
Custody is the legal right to keep and look after a child, especially the right given to a child's mother or father when they get divorced.

- I'm going to go to court to get custody of the children.

- Child custody is normally granted to the mother.

- ...a bitter custody battle.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

2. custody
Someone who is in custody or has been taken into custody has been arrested and is being kept in prison until they can be tried in a court.

- Three people appeared in court and two of them were remanded in custody.

- She was taken into custody later that day.

PHR: PHR after v

3. custody
If someone is being held in a particular type of custody , they are being kept in a place that is similar to a prison.

- The youngster got nine months' youth custody.

- Barrett was taken into protective custody.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

custody

noun

1.

safekeeping

care

charge

keeping

protection

supervision

2.

imprisonment

confinement

detention

incarceration

custom

[D.J.:ˈkʌstəm]

[K.K.:ˈkʌstəm]

n.

习惯, 风俗, 惯例

光顾, 顾客

海关

关税

customs

[D.J.:ˈkʌstəmz]

[K.K.:ˈkʌstəmz]

n.

关税

海关

custom **

1. custom customs
A custom is an activity, a way of behaving, or an event which is usual or traditional in a particular society or in particular circumstances.

- The custom of lighting the Olympic flame goes back centuries.

- Chung has tried to adapt to local customs.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N of -ing

2. custom
If it is your custom to do something, you usually do it in particular circumstances.

- It was his custom to approach every problem cautiously.

- As is the custom, police forensic experts carried out a painstaking search of the debris.

N-SING: oft with poss

3. custom
If a shop has your custom , you regularly buy things there. (BRIT, FORMAL)

- You have the right to withhold your custom if you so wish.

- Providing discounts is not the only way to win custom.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

4. custom
If you use custom to describe something such as a vehicle or a piece of clothing, you mean that it has been designed for one particular customer.

- Her one-of-a-kind custom garments are priced from one hundred dollars to more than a thousand dollars.

ADJ: ADJ n

customs **

1. customs
Customs is the official organization responsible for collecting taxes on goods coming into a country and preventing illegal goods from being brought in.

- ...components similar to those seized by British customs.

- ...customs officers.

N-PROPER: oft N n

2. customs
Customs is the place where people arriving from a foreign country have to declare goods that they bring with them.

- He walked through customs.

N-UNCOUNT

3. customs
Customs duties are taxes that people pay for importing and exporting goods.
ADJ: ADJ n

custom

noun

1.

tradition

convention

policy

practice

ritual

rule

usage

2.

habit

practice

procedure

routine

way

wont

3.

customers

patronage

trade

customs

plural noun

duty

import charges

tariff

tax

toll

customarily

[D.J.:ˈk ʌstəmˌerɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈk ʌstəmˌ ɛrɪlɪ]

adv.

习惯上,习俗上,通常

customary

[D.J.:ˈkʌstəməri]

[K.K.:ˈkʌstəˌmɛri]

adj.

习惯上的, 惯常的, 合乎习俗的

customary *

1. customary
Customary is used to describe things that people usually do in a particular society or in particular circumstances. (FORMAL)

- It is customary to offer a drink or a snack to guests.

- At Christmas it was customary for the children to perform bits of poetry.

- They interrupted the customary one minute's silence with jeers and shouts.

ADJ: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
= usual

2. customarily

- Marriages in medieval Europe were customarily arranged by the families.

ADV

3. customary
Customary is used to describe something that a particular person usually does or has.

- The king carried himself with his customary elegance.

- Yvonne took her customary seat behind her desk.

ADJ: ADJ n
= usual

customary

adjective

usual

accepted

accustomed

common

conventional

established

normal

ordinary

routine

traditional

custom-built

[D.J.:ˈkʌstəmˈbilt]

[K.K.:ˈkʌstəmˈbɪlt]

adj.

定制的,定做的

custom-built

custom-built
If something is custom-built , it is built according to someone's special requirements.

- The machine was custom-built by Steve Roberts.

- The couple ordered a custom-built kitchen.

V-PASSIVE
= custom-made

customer

[D.J.:ˈkʌstəmə]

[K.K.:ˈkʌstəmɚ]

n.

顾客, 主顾

customer ****

1. customer customers
A customer is someone who buys goods or services, especially from a shop.

- Our customers have very tight budgets.

- ...a satisfied customer.

- ...the quality of customer service...

- We also improved our customer satisfaction levels.

N-COUNT

2. customer customers
You can use customer in expressions such as a cool customer or a tough customer to indicate what someone's behaviour or character is like. (INFORMAL)

- She's a real cool customer.

- ...two pretty awkward customers.

N-COUNT: adj N

customer

noun

client

buyer

consumer

patron

purchaser

regular informal

shopper

customize

[D.J.:ˈkʌstəˌmaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈkʌstəˌmaɪz]

vt.

定制,定做

customizing

按用户要求制做

customize *

customize customizes customizing customized
If you customize something, you change its appearance or features to suit your tastes or needs.

- ...a control that allows photographers to customise the camera's basic settings.

- ...customized software.

VB (BRIT) also customise

custom-made

[D.J.:ˌkʌstəmˈmeɪd]

[K.K.:ˌkʌstəmˈmed]

adj.

定做的,订制的

custom-made

custom-made
If something is custom-made , it is made according to someone's special requirements.

- Furniture can also be custom-made to suit your own requirements.

- ...a custom-made suit.

V-PASSIVE

Customs and Excise

Customs and Excise
Customs and Excise is a British government department which is responsible for collecting taxes on imported and exported goods. Compare Customs Service .
N-PROPER

Customs Service

Customs Service
The U.S. Customs Service is a United States federal organization which is responsible for collecting taxes on imported and exported goods. Compare Customs and Excise .
N-PROPER

cut

[D.J.:kʌt]

[K.K.:kʌt]

vt. & vi.

切, 剪, 割, 削

vt.

削减

挖成; 刻成

使(某人)感到疼痛或痛苦

(直线)与(另一条直线)相交

不出席, 不到场

灌制(唱片)

n.

切, 割, 砍; 用刀等割的破口

减少, 降低; 删减

裁剪样式

伤感情的话或行为

cutting

[D.J.:ˈkʌtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkʌtɪŋ]

adj.

尖锐的, 痛苦的

尖酸的, 刻薄的

(be at) the cutting edge (of sth)

(处于某事物发展的)尖端，最先进的水平

n.

剪辑

剪报

插枝

cuttings

钻粉;切屑

cut *****

1. cut cuts cutting
If you cut something, you use a knife or a similar tool to divide it into pieces, or to mark it or damage it. If you cut a shape or a hole in something, you make the shape or hole by using a knife or similar tool.

- Mrs. Haines stood nearby, holding scissors to cut a ribbon.

- Cut the tomatoes in half vertically.

- The thieves cut a hole in the fence.

- Mr. Long was now cutting himself a piece of the pink cake.

- You can hear the saw as it cuts through the bones.

- ...thinly cut cucumber sandwiches.

VB The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. cut cuts
Also a noun.

- The operation involves making several cuts in the cornea.

N-COUNT The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

3. cut cuts cutting
If you cut yourself or cut a part of your body, you accidentally injure yourself on a sharp object so that you bleed.

- Johnson cut himself shaving.

- I started to cry because I cut my finger.

- Zoe was badly cut as she scrambled down rocks to reach him.

- Blood from his cut lip trickled over his chin.

VB The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

4. cut cuts
Also a noun.

- He had sustained a cut on his left eyebrow.

- ...cuts and bruises.

N-COUNT The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

5. cut cuts cutting
If you cut something such as grass, your hair, or your fingernails, you shorten them using scissors or another tool.

- The most recent tenants hadn't even cut the grass.

- You have to learn not to cut your toenails in the living room.

- You've had your hair cut, it looks great.

- She had dark red hair, cut short.

VB The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

6. cut
Also a noun.

- Prices vary from salon to salon, starting at £17 for a cut and blow-dry.

N-SING The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

7. cut cuts cutting
The way that clothes are cut is the way they are designed and made.

- ...badly cut blue suits.

VB: usu passive The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

8. cut cuts cutting
To cut through something means to move or pass through it easily.

- I could see long canoes cutting through the waves.

VB The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

9. cut cuts cutting
If you cut across or through a place, you go through it because it is the shortest route to another place.

- He decided to cut across the Heath, through Greenwich Park.

VB The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
See also short cut .

10. cut cuts cutting
If you cut something, you reduce it.

- The first priority is to cut costs.

- The UN force is to be cut by 90%.

- ...a deal to cut 50 billion dollars from the federal deficit.

VB The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= reduce

11. cut cuts
Also a noun.

- The economy needs an immediate 2 per cent cut in interest rates.

- ...the government's plans for tax cuts.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N in n The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

12. cut down cuts down; cutting down
Cut down means the same as cut .

- We'd like politicians to get together and agree ways to cut down atmospheric pollution.

- We've cut it down to just five years.

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

13. cut cuts cutting
If you cut a text, broadcast, or performance, you shorten it. If you cut a part of a text, broadcast, or performance, you do not publish, broadcast, or perform that part.

- Branagh has cut the play judiciously.

- The audience wants more music and less drama, so we've cut some scenes.

VB The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

14. cut cuts
Also a noun.

- It has been found necessary to make some cuts in the text.

N-COUNT The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

15. cut cuts cutting
To cut a supply of something means to stop providing it or stop it being provided.

- They used pressure tactics to force them to return, including cutting food and water supplies.

VB The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

16. cut cuts
Also a noun.

- The strike had already led to cuts in electricity and water supplies in many areas.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N in n The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

17. cut cuts cutting
If you cut a pack of playing cards, you divide it into two.

- Place the cards face down on the table and cut them.

VB The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

18. cut
When the director of a film says ` cut ', they want the actors and the camera crew to stop filming.
CONVENTION The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

19. cut cuts cutting
When a singer or band cuts a record, they make a recording of their music.

- She eventually cut her own album.

VB The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

20. cut cuts cutting
When a child cuts a tooth, a new tooth starts to grow through the gum.

- Many infants do not cut their first tooth until they are a year old.

VB The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

21. cut cuts cutting
If a child cuts classes or cuts school, they do not go to classes or to school when they are supposed to. (mainly AM)

- Cutting school more than once in three months is a sign of trouble.

VB The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= miss

22. cut cuts cutting
If you tell someone to cut something, you are telling them in an irritated way to stop it. (AM, INFORMAL)

- `Cut the euphemisms, Daniel,' Brenda snapped.

- Why don't you just cut the crap and open the door.

VB The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle feelings

23. cut cuts
A cut of meat is a piece or type of meat which is cut in a particular way from the animal, or from a particular part of it.

- Use a cheap cut such as spare rib chops.

N-COUNT: with supp The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

24. cut
Someone's cut of the profits or winnings from something, especially ones that have been obtained dishonestly, is their share. (INFORMAL)

- The lawyers, of course, take their cut of the little guy's winnings.

N-SING: oft poss N The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= share

25. cut cuts
A cut is a narrow valley which has been cut through a hill so that a road or railroad track can pass through. (AM; in BRIT use cutting )
N-COUNT The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

26. cut
If you say that someone or something is a cut above other people or things of the same kind, you mean they are better than them. (INFORMAL)

- Joan Smith's detective stories are a cut above the rest.

PHR: v-link PHR n The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

27. cut
If you see someone you know and cut them dead , you ignore them.
PHR: V inflects The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

28. cut
If you say that a situation or solution is cut and dried , you mean that it is clear and definite.

- Unfortunately, things cannot be as cut and dried as many people would like.

- We are aiming for guidelines, not cut-and-dried answers.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR n The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= clear-cut

29. cut
If a person or an organization cuts loose or is cut loose , they become free from the influence or authority of other people.

- He's cut loose from this business except, possibly, where James is concerned.

- It's about to be cut loose from the state on which it has so long depended.

PHR: V inflects The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

30. cut
If someone cuts and runs in a difficult situation, they try to escape from it quickly and gain an advantage for themselves, rather than deal with the situation in a responsible way. (INFORMAL)

- ...his cowardly decision to cut and run.

PHR: Vs inflect The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle disapproval

31. cut
If you say that someone can't cut it , you mean that they do not have the qualities needed to do a task or cope with a situation. (INFORMAL)

- He doesn't think English-born players can cut it abroad.

PHR: usu with broad neg The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

32. cut
If you talk about the cut and thrust of an activity, you are talking about the aspects of it that make it exciting and challenging.

- ...cut-and-thrust debate between two declared adversaries.

PHR The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

33. cut
If you say that something cuts both ways , you mean that it can have two opposite effects, or can have both good and bad effects.

- This publicity cuts both ways. It focuses on us as well as on them.

PHR: V inflects The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

cut down *****

1. cut down cuts down; cutting down
If you cut down on something or cut down something, you use or do less of it.

- He cut down on coffee and cigarettes, and ate a balanced diet.

- Car owners were asked to cut down travel.

- If you spend more than your income, can you try to cut down?

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. cut down cuts down; cutting down
If you cut down a tree, you cut through its trunk so that it falls to the ground.

- A vandal with a chainsaw cut down a tree.

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

cutting ***

1. cutting cuttings
A cutting is a piece of writing which has been cut from a newspaper or magazine. (BRIT; in AM use clipping )

- ...a stack of old photographs and newspaper cuttings...

- Here are the press cuttings and reviews.

N-COUNT
= clipping

2. cutting cuttings
A cutting from a plant is a part of the plant that you have cut off so that you can grow a new plant from it.

- Take cuttings from it in July or August.

N-COUNT

3. cutting cuttings
A cutting is a narrow valley cut through a hill so that a railway line or road can pass through. (BRIT; in AM use cut )
N-COUNT

4. cutting
A cutting remark is unkind and likely to hurt someone's feelings.

- People make cutting remarks to help themselves feel superior or powerful.

ADJ-GRADED

cut

verb

1.

penetrate

chop

pierce

score

sever

slash

slice

slit

wound

2.

divide

bisect

dissect

slice

split

3.

trim

clip

hew

lop

mow

pare

prune

shave

snip

4.

abridge

abbreviate

condense

curtail

delete

shorten

5.

reduce

contract

cut back

decrease

diminish

lower

slash

slim (down)

6.

shape

carve

chisel

engrave

fashion

form

sculpt

whittle

7.

hurt

insult

put down

snub

sting

wound

8.

ignore

avoid

cold-shoulder

slight

spurn

turn one's back on

noun

9.

incision

gash

laceration

nick

slash

slit

stroke

wound

10.

reduction

cutback

decrease

fall

lowering

saving

11.

share

percentage

piece

portion

section

slice

12.

style

fashion

look

shape

cut down

verb

1.

fell

hew

level

lop

2.

reduce

decrease

lessen

lower

cutting

adjective

hurtful

acrimonious

barbed

bitter

caustic

malicious

sarcastic

scathing

vitriolic

wounding

cut across *****

cut across cuts across; cutting across
If an issue or problem cuts across the division between two or more groups of people, it affects or matters to people in all the groups.

- The problem cuts across all socioeconomic lines and affects all age groups.

- School crime and violence cuts across urban, rural and suburban areas.

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

cut back *****

cut back cuts back; cutting back
If you cut back something such as expenditure or cut back on it, you reduce it.

- They will be concerned to cut back expenditure on unnecessary items.

- The Government has cut back on defence spending.

- We have been cutting back a bit: we did have thirteen horses, but now it's nine.

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
See also cutback .

cut in *****

cut in cuts in; cutting in
If you cut in on someone, you interrupt them when they are speaking.

- Immediately, Daniel cut in on Joanne's attempts at reassurance.

- `Not true,' the Duchess cut in.

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= interrupt

cut in

verb

interrupt

break in

butt in

intervene

intrude

cut off *****

1. cut off cuts off; cutting off
If you cut something off , you remove it with a knife or a similar tool.

- Mrs Kreutz cut off a generous piece of the meat.

- He cut me off a slice.

- He threatened to cut my hair off.

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. cut off cuts off; cutting off
To cut someone or something off means to separate them from things that they are normally connected with.

- One of the goals of the campaign is to cut off the elite Republican Guard from its supplies.

- The exiles had been cut off from all contact with their homeland.

- The storm has cut us off.

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= isolate

3. cut off

- Without a car we still felt very cut off.

ADJ-GRADED

4. cut off cuts off; cutting off
To cut off a supply of something means to stop providing it or stop it being provided.

- The rebels have cut off electricity from the capital.

- His company is preparing to shut down in the event that their water supply is cut off.

- Our phone's been cut off.

- Why cut the money off?

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

5. cut off cuts off; cutting off
If you get cut off when you are on the telephone, the line is suddenly disconnected and you can no longer speak to the other person.

- When you do get through, you've got to say your piece quickly before you get cut off.

- I'm going to cut you off now because we've got lots of callers waiting.

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= disconnect

6. cut off cuts off; cutting off
If you cut someone off when they are speaking, you interrupt them and stop them from speaking.

- `But, sir, I'm under orders to -- ' Clark cut him off. `Don't argue with me.'

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

cut off

verb

1.

separate

isolate

sever

2.

interrupt

disconnect

intercept

cut out *****

1. cut out cuts out; cutting out
If you cut something out , you remove or separate it from what surrounds it using scissors or a knife.

- Cut out the coupon and send those cheques off today.

- I cut it out and pinned it to my studio wall.

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. cut out cuts out; cutting out
If you cut out a part of a text, you do not print, publish, or broadcast that part, because to include it would make the text too long or unacceptable.

- I listened to the programme and found they'd cut out all the interesting stuff.

- Her editors wanted her to cut out the poetry from her novel.

- Several extraneous prefaces were cut out of the prayer book at the beginning of the eleventh century.

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= cut omit

3. cut out cuts out; cutting out
To cut out something unnecessary or unwanted means to remove it completely from a situation. For example, if you cut out a particular type of food, you stop eating it, usually because it is bad for you.

- I've simply cut egg yolks out entirely.

- We will be pressing ahead with our policies on privatisation, deregulation and cutting out waste.

- A guilty plea cuts out the need for a long trial.

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= eliminate

4. cut out cuts out; cutting out
If you tell someone to cut something out , you are telling them in an irritated way to stop it. (INFORMAL)

- Do yourself a favour, and cut that behaviour out.

- `Cut it out, Chip,' I said.

- He had better cut out the nonsense.

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle feelings
= stop

5. cut out cuts out; cutting out
If you cut someone out of an activity, you do not allow them to be involved in it. If you cut someone out of a will, you do not allow them to share in it.

- Environmentalists say this would cut them out of the debate over what to do with public lands.

- `Cut her out of your will,' urged his nephew.

- He felt that he was being cut out.

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= exclude ≠ include

6. cut out cuts out; cutting out
If an object cuts out the light, it is between you and the light so that you are in the dark.

- The curtains were half drawn to cut out the sunlight.

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

7. cut out cuts out; cutting out
If an engine cuts out , it suddenly stops working.

- The helicopter crash landed when one of its two engines cut out.

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

cut out

cut out
If you are not cut out for a particular type of work, you do not have the qualities that are needed to be able to do it well.

- I left medicine anyway. I wasn't really cut out for it.

- He doesn't feel he is cut out to be a leader.

ADJ: usu with brd-neg, v-link ADJ, ADJ for n, ADJ to-inf

cut out

verb

stop

cease

give up

refrain from

cut up *****

1. cut up cuts up; cutting up
If you cut something up , you cut it into several pieces.

- He sits in his apartment cutting up magazines.

- Halve the tomatoes, then cut them up coarsely.

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
See also cut up .

2. cut up cuts up; cutting up
If one driver cuts another driver up , the first driver goes too close in front of the second one, for example after passing them.

- They were crossing from lane to lane, cutting everyone up.

PHR-V The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

cut up *

cut up
If you are cut up about something that has happened, you are very unhappy because of it. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Terry was very cut up about Jim's death.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

cutaway

[D.J.:ˈkʌtwei]

[K.K.:ˈkʌtəˌwe]

adj.

下摆圆角的,一部分切掉的

n.

下摆裁成圆角的礼服

cutaway

1. cutaway cutaways
In a film or video, a cutaway or a cutaway shot is a picture that shows something different from the main thing that is being shown.

- ...a few sardonic cutaways of military bands and fighter planes.

N-COUNT also cut-away .

2. cutaway cutaways
A cutaway or a cutaway coat or jacket is one which is cut diagonally from the front to the back, so that the back is longer. (AM; in BRIT use tailcoat )

- They were all in top hats and cutaways despite the growing heat.

N-COUNT also cut-away .

3. cutaway
A cutaway picture shows what something such as a machine looks like inside.
ADJ: ADJ n also cut-away .

cutback

[D.J.:ˈkʌtˌbæk]

[K.K.:ˈkʌtˌbæk]

n.

削减;缩减;减少

cutback *

cutback cutbacks
A cutback is a reduction that is made in something.

- London Underground said it may have to axe 500 signalling jobs because of government cutbacks in its investment.

- ...the 200-person staff cutback announced yesterday.

N-COUNT: oft N in n also cut-back .
= reduction

cutback

noun Informal

reduction

cut

decrease

economy

lessening

retrenchment

cute

[D.J.:kju:t]

[K.K.:kjut]

adj.

漂亮的, 娇小可爱的

聪明伶俐的, 精明的

cute *

1. cute cuter cutest
Something or someone that is cute is very pretty or attractive, or is intended to appear pretty or attractive. (INFORMAL)

- Oh, look at that dog! He's so cute.

- ...a cute little house.

- ...a cute little baby.

ADJ-GRADED
= sweet

2. cute cuter cutest
If you describe someone as cute , you think they are sexually attractive. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- There was this girl, and I thought she was really cute.

ADJ-GRADED

3. cute cuter cutest
If you describe someone as cute , you mean that they deal with things cleverly. (AM)

- The President, trying to be cute, said his liberal arts education had not really prepared him for such complicated issues as this.

- That's a cute trick.

ADJ-GRADED
= clever

cute

adjective

appealing

attractive

charming

delightful

engaging

lovable

sweet

winning

winsome

cutesy

[D.J.:ˈkju:tsi]

[K.K.:ˈkjutsi]

adj.

矫揉造作的,忸怩作态的

cutesy

cutesy
If you describe someone or something as cutesy , you dislike them because you think they are unpleasantly pretty and sentimental. (INFORMAL)

- Macaulay Culkin receives his first screen kiss from cutesy 11-year-old Anna Chlumsky.

- ...cutesy paintings of owls.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

cut glass

cut glass
Cut glass is glass that has patterns cut into its surface.

- ...a cut-glass bowl.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also cut-glass .

cuticle

[D.J.:ˈkju:tɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈkjutɪkəl]

n.

(手指甲或脚趾甲根部的)外皮

cuticle

cuticle cuticles
Your cuticles are the skin at the base of each of your fingernails.
N-COUNT

cutlass

[D.J.:ˈkʌtləs]

[K.K.:ˈkʌtləs]

n.

短剑,弯刀

cutlass

cutlass cutlasses
A cutlass is a short sword that used to be used by sailors.
N-COUNT

cutlery

[D.J.:ˈkʌtləri]

[K.K.:ˈkʌtləri]

n.

刀具, 刀叉

cutlery *

1. cutlery
Cutlery consists of the knives, forks, and spoons that you eat your food with. (BRIT; in AM use silverware , flatware )

- She arranged plates and cutlery on a small table.

N-UNCOUNT

2. cutlery
You can refer to knives and tools used for cutting as cutlery . (AM)
N-UNCOUNT

cutlet

[D.J.:ˈkʌtlit]

[K.K.:ˈkʌtlɪt]

n.

(供烧烤、煎、炸用的)肉片,肉饼,炸肉排

cutlet

cutlet cutlets
A cutlet is a small piece of meat which is usually fried or grilled.

- ...grilled lamb cutlets.

N-COUNT

cut-off

n.

定点;取舍点;分离点

cut-off **

1. cut-off cut-offs
A cut-off or a cut-off point is the level or limit at which you decide that something should stop happening.

- The cut-off point depends on age and length of employment.

- The cut-off date for registering is yet to be announced.

- On young girls it can look really great, but there is a definite age cut-off on this.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N n also cutoff .

2. cut-off cut-offs
The cut-off of a supply or service is the complete stopping of the supply or service.

- A total cut-off of supplies would cripple the country's economy.

- The United States resisted an arms cutoff.

N-COUNT: usu sing also cutoff .

cut-out

n.

(木头、纸上剪下的)图案,花样

cut-out

1. cut-out cut-outs
A cardboard cut-out is a shape that has been cut from thick card.

- You'd swear he was a cardboard cut-out except that he'd moved his rifle.

- You can have your picture taken with a cutout of David Beckham.

N-COUNT

2. cut-out cut-outs
A cut-out is a device that turns off a machine automatically in particular circumstances.

- Use a kettle with an automatic cut-out so it doesn't boil for longer than necessary.

- Engine cut-out devices and steering wheel locks do not protect the car's contents.

N-COUNT: oft N n

cut-price

adj.

打折扣的,廉价的

cut-price *

cut-price
Cut-price goods or services are cheaper than usual. (BRIT; in AM use cut-rate )

- ...a shop selling cut-price videos and CDs in Oxford Street.

- ...cut-price tickets.

ADJ: ADJ n

cut-rate

[D.J.:ˈkʌtˈreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈkʌtˈret]

adj.

打折扣的,粗劣的,二流货的

cut-rate

cut-rate
Cut-rate goods or services are cheaper than usual.

- ...cut-rate auto insurance.

ADJ: ADJ n
= cut-price

cutter

[D.J.:ˈkʌtə]

[K.K.:ˈkʌtɚ]

n.

切削工人,切割工具

快艇,小汽艇

cutters

倾斜节理

cutter *

1. cutter cutters
A cutter is a tool that you use for cutting through something.

- ...a pastry cutter.

- ...wire cutters.

N-COUNT: usu n N

2. cutter cutters
A cutter is a person who cuts or reduces something.

- ...a glass cutter...

- He has been using every opportunity to boost his credibility as a budget cutter.

N-COUNT: with supp

3. cutter cutters
A cutter is a type of boat.
N-COUNT

cut-throat

n.

凶手,刺客

adj.

杀人的,凶狠的,拼命的

cut-throat

cut-throat
If you describe a situation as cut-throat , you mean that the people or companies involved all want success and do not care if they harm each other in getting it.

- ...the cut-throat competition in personal computers.

- ...the cut-throat world of international finance.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= ruthless

cutting board

cutting board cutting boards
A cutting board is a wooden or plastic board that you chop meat and vegetables on. (AM; in BRIT usually use chopping board )
N-COUNT

cutting edge *

1. cutting edge
If you are at the cutting edge of a particular field of activity, you are involved in its most important or most exciting developments.

- This shipyard is at the cutting edge of world shipbuilding technology.

N-SING: usu at/on the N of n
= forefront

2. cutting edge
If someone or something gives you a cutting edge , they give you an advantage over your competitors.

- If Pearce had been fit, we would have won. We missed the cutting edge he would have given us.

N-SING

3. cutting edge
Cutting-edge techniques or equipment are the most advanced that there are in a particular field.

- What we are planning is cutting-edge technology never seen in Australia before.

- Some of what is happening at Packard is cutting-edge medicine.

ADJ: usu ADJ n The spelling cutting-edge is used for the adjective

cutting room

cutting room
The cutting room in a film production company is the place where the film is edited.

- Her scene ended up on the cutting room floor.

N-SING: usu the N

cuttlefish

[D.J.:ˈkʌtlˌfɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈkʌtl..ˌfɪʃ]

n.

乌贼,墨鱼

cuttlefish

cuttlefish
A cuttlefish is a sea animal that has a soft body and a hard shell inside.
N-COUNT cuttlefish is both the singular and the plural form

CV

abbr.

Calorific Value 卡值, 热值

CV

abbr.

Calorific Value 卡值, 热值

CV *

CV CVs
Your CV is a brief written account of your personal details, your education, and the jobs you have had. You can send a CV when you are applying for a job. CV is an abbreviation for `curriculum vitae'. (mainly BRIT; in AM use r´esum´e )

- Send them a copy of your CV.

N-COUNT

cwt

abbr.

hundredweight 英担

cwt

abbr.

hundredweight 英担

cwt

cwt
cwt is a written abbreviation for hundredweight .

-cy

1. -cy
-cy replaces `-te', `-t', and `-tic' at the end of some adjectives to form nouns referring to the state or quality described by the adjective.

- ...the emotional intimacy of a family...

- They were sworn to secrecy.

SUFFIX

2. -cy
-cy is added to some nouns referring to people with a particular rank or post in order to form nouns that refer to this rank or post.

- He is likely to retain the England captaincy.

- ...the chaplain of the university chaplaincy.

SUFFIX

cyanide

[D.J.:ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd]

n.

<化>氰化物

cyanide *

cyanide
Cyanide is a highly poisonous substance.

- Someone had fed him a lethal dose of cyanide.

- The police say he swallowed a cyanide capsule to avoid arrest.

N-UNCOUNT

cybercaf´e

cybercaf´e cybercaf´es
A cybercaf´e is a caf´e where people can pay to use the Internet.
N-COUNT

cybernetics

[D.J.:ˌsaibə:ˈnetiks]

[K.K.:ˌsaɪbɚˈnɛtɪks]

n.

控制论

cybernetics

cybernetics
Cybernetics is a branch of science which involves studying the way electronic machines and human brains work, and developing machines that do things or think rather like people.
N-UNCOUNT

cyberpunk

[D.J.:ˈsaibəpʌŋk]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪbɚˌpʌnk]

n.

①计算机科幻小说②网络黑客

cyberpunk

cyberpunk
Cyberpunk is a type of science fiction.
N-UNCOUNT

cyberspace

[D.J.:ˈsaibəˌspeis]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪbɚˌspes]

n.

(电子计算机创造的)通讯、信息空间

cyberspace

cyberspace
In computer technology, cyberspace refers to data banks and networks, considered as a place.
N-UNCOUNT

cyborg

[D.J.:ˈsaibɔ:ɡ]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪˌbɔrɡ]

n.

电子人,半机械人

cyborg

cyborg cyborgs
In science fiction, a cyborg is a being that is part human and part machine, or a machine that looks like a human being.
N-COUNT

cyclamen

[D.J.:ˈsikləmən]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪkləmən, ˈsɪklə-]

n.

樱草属植物

cyclamen

cyclamen
A cyclamen is a plant with white, pink, or red flowers.
N-COUNT cyclamen is both the singular and the plural form

cycle

[D.J.:ˈsaikl]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪkəl]

n.

循环, 周期

自行车, 摩托车

vi.

骑自行[摩托]车

cycled

(试验)循环的

cycling

[D.J.:ˈsaikliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪklɪŋ]

n.

骑脚踏车兜风,骑脚踏车消遣

cycle ***

1. cycle cycles cycling cycled
If you cycle , you ride a bicycle.

- He cycled to Ingwold.

- Britain could save £4.6 billion a year in road transport costs if more people cycled.

- Over 1000 riders cycled 100 miles around the Vale of York.

VB

2. cycling

- The quiet country roads are ideal for cycling.

N-UNCOUNT

3. cycle cycles
A cycle is a bicycle.

- ...an eight-mile cycle ride.

N-COUNT

4. cycle cycles
A cycle is a motorcycle. (AM)
N-COUNT

5. cycle cycles
A cycle is a series of events or processes that is repeated again and again, always in the same order.

- ...the life cycle of the plant...

- The figures marked the final low point of the present economic cycle.

- They must break out of the cycle of violence.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

6. cycle cycles
A cycle is a single complete series of movements in an electrical, electronic, or mechanical process.

- ...10 cycles per second.

N-COUNT: usu pl

7. cycle cycles
A cycle is a series of songs or poems that are intended to be performed or read one after the other.

- ...Wagner's Ring cycle.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

cycle

noun

era

circle

period

phase

revolution

rotation

cycle path

cycle path cycle paths
A cycle path is a special path on which people can travel by bicycle separately from motor vehicles.
N-COUNT

cycleway

自行车道

cycleway

cycleway cycleways
A cycleway is a special road, route, or path intended for use by cyclists. (BRIT; in AM use bikeway )
N-COUNT

cyclic

[D.J.:ˈsaɪklɪk, ˈsɪklɪk]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪklɪk, ˈsɪklɪk]

adj.

周期的,循环的

轮转的

cyclically

adv.

cyclic

cyclic
Cyclic means the same as cyclical .
ADJ

cyclical

[ˈsiklik(e)l]

adj.

轮转的,循环的

cyclical *

cyclical
A cyclical process is one in which a series of events happen again and again in the same order.

- ...the cyclical nature of the airline business.

ADJ
= cyclic

cyclist

[D.J.:ˈsaɪklɪst]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪklɪst]

n.

骑自行车的人

cyclist *

cyclist cyclists
A cyclist is someone who rides a bicycle, or is riding a bicycle.
N-COUNT

cyclone

[D.J.:ˈsaɪˌkləʊn]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪˌklon]

n.

气旋

旋风，飓风，暴风

cyclone *

cyclone cyclones
A cyclone is a violent tropical storm in which the air goes round and round.

- A cyclone in the Bay of Bengal is threatening the eastern Indian states.

N-COUNT

cygnet

[D.J.:ˈsɪgnɪt]

[K.K.:ˈsɪɡnɪt]

n.

幼天鹅

cygnet

cygnet cygnets
A cygnet is a young swan.
N-COUNT

cylinder

[D.J.:ˈsilində]

[K.K.:ˈsɪləndɚ]

n.

圆筒, 圆柱体

汽缸, 泵体

cylinder **

1. cylinder cylinders
A cylinder is an object with flat circular ends and long straight sides.

- ...a cylinder of foam...

- It was recorded on a wax cylinder.

N-COUNT

2. cylinder cylinders
A gas cylinder is a cylinder-shaped container in which gas is kept under pressure.

- ...oxygen cylinders.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. cylinder cylinders
In an engine, a cylinder is a cylinder-shaped part in which a piston moves backwards and forwards.

- ...a 2.5 litre, four-cylinder engine.

N-COUNT

cylindrical

[D.J.:səˈlɪndrɪkəl]

[K.K.:səˈlɪndrɪkəl]

adj.

圆柱形的;圆筒状的;气缸(或滚筒)的

cylindrical

cylindrical
Something that is cylindrical is in the shape of a cylinder.

- ...a cylindrical aluminium container...

- It is cylindrical in shape.

ADJ

cymbal

[D.J.:ˈsɪmbəl]

[K.K.:ˈsɪmbəl]

n.

钹

cymbals

[ˈsimbəlz]

n.

圆盘式张力装置

cymbal

cymbal cymbals
A cymbal is a flat circular brass object that is used as a musical instrument. You hit it with a stick or hit two cymbals together, making a loud noise.
N-COUNT

cynic

[D.J.:ˈsɪnɪk]

[K.K.:ˈsɪnɪk]

n.

愤世嫉俗者,讽世者

cynic *

cynic cynics
A cynic is someone who believes that people always act selfishly.

- I have come to be very much of a cynic in these matters.

N-COUNT

cynic

noun

sceptic

doubter

misanthrope

misanthropist

pessimist

scoffer

cynical

[D.J.:ˈsinikəl]

[K.K.:ˈsɪnɪkəl]

adj.

怀疑的, 愤世嫉俗的

cynically

[D.J.:ˈsɪnɪklɪ]

[K.K.:ˈsɪnɪklɪ]

adv.

爱嘲笑地;冷笑地

cynical **

1. cynical
If you describe someone as cynical , you mean they believe that people always act selfishly.

- ...his cynical view of the world.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ idealistic

2. cynically

- As a backpacker said cynically, `He's probably pocketed the difference!'

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. cynical
If you are cynical about something, you do not believe that it can be successful or that the people involved are honest.

- It's hard not to be cynical about reform.

- It has also made me more cynical about relationships.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ about n

cynically

cynically
If you say that someone is cynically doing something, you mean they are doing it to benefit themselves and they do not care that they are deceiving, harming, or using people.

- The people who publish this magazine are cynically using sex as a circulation ploy.

- I firmly believe our strategy is being deliberately, cynically manipulated.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV before v disapproval
See also cynical .

cynical

adjective

sceptical

contemptuous

derisive

distrustful

misanthropic

mocking

pessimistic

scoffing

scornful

unbelieving

cynicism

[D.J.:ˈsɪnɪˌsɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈsɪnɪˌsɪzəm]

n.

讥笑;讥讽的言词

愤世嫉俗；玩世不恭

犬儒主义

cynicism *

1. cynicism
Cynicism is the belief that people always act selfishly.

- I found Ben's cynicism wearing at times.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ idealism

2. cynicism
Cynicism about something is the belief that it cannot be successful or that the people involved are not honourable.

- This talk betrays a certain cynicism about free trade.

N-UNCOUNT

cynicism

noun

scepticism

disbelief

doubt

misanthropy

pessimism

cypress

[D.J.:ˈsaɪprɪs]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪprɪs]

n.

柏属植物, 柏树

cypress *

cypress cypresses
A cypress is a type of conifer .
N-COUNT

Cypriot

[D.J.:ˈsipriət]

[K.K.:ˈsɪpriət, -ˌɑt]

n.

塞浦路斯人[语]

Cypriot ***

1. Cypriot
Cypriot means belonging or relating to Cyprus, or to its people or culture.
ADJ

2. Cypriot Cypriots
A Cypriot is a Cypriot citizen, or a person of Cypriot origin.
N-COUNT

Cyrillic

[D.J.:siˈrilik]

[K.K.:səˈrɪlɪk]

n.

古代斯拉夫语的字母

Cyrillic

1. Cyrillic
The Cyrillic alphabet is the alphabet that is used to write some Slavonic languages, such as Russian and Bulgarian.
ADJ: ADJ n also cyrillic .

2. Cyrillic
Cyrillic is the Cyrillic alphabet.

- ...signs written in Cyrillic.

N-UNCOUNT also cyrillic .

cyst

[D.J.:sist]

[K.K.:sɪst]

n.

(动、植物的)胞,包囊,膀胱；囊肿

cyst *

cyst cysts
A cyst is a growth containing liquid that appears inside your body or under your skin.

- He had a minor operation to remove a cyst.

N-COUNT

cystic fibrosis *

cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is a serious disease of the glands which usually affects children and can make breathing difficult.
N-UNCOUNT

cystitis

[D.J.:sisˈtaitis]

[K.K.:sɪˈstaɪtɪs]

n.

膀胱炎

cystitis

cystitis
Cystitis is a bladder infection. (MEDICAL)

- ...an attack of cystitis.

N-UNCOUNT

Czech

[D.J.:tʃek]

[K.K.:tʃɛk]

n.

捷克人[语]

adj.

捷克斯洛伐克的,捷克斯洛伐克人[语]的

Czech ***

1. Czech
Czech means belonging or relating to the Czech Republic, or to its people, language, or culture.
ADJ

2. Czech Czechs
A Czech is a Czech citizen, or a person of Czech origin.
N-COUNT

3. Czech
Czech is the language spoken in the Czech Republic.
N-UNCOUNT

Czechoslovak

[ˈtʃekəuˈsləuvæk]

n.

捷克斯洛伐克人[语]

adj.

捷克斯洛伐克的,捷克斯洛伐克人[语]的

Czechoslovak ***

1. Czechoslovak
Czechoslovak means belonging or relating to the former state of Czechoslovakia.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Czechoslovak Czechoslovaks
A Czechoslovak was a Czechoslovak citizen, or a person of Czechoslovak origin.
N-COUNT

D

[di:]

d.

字母D

D860

甲糖宁

d

直接指出的;直接证明的;直证的;指示的

d.

died,deceased 死亡

D, d

1. D, d D's, d's
D is the fourth letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

2. D, d D's, d's
In music, D is the second note in the scale of C major.
N-VAR

3. D, d D's, d's
If you get a D as a mark for a piece of work or in an exam, your work is below average or poor.

- I got a D+.

N-VAR

4. d.
d. is an abbreviation for died when it is written in front of dates, for example on graves or in reference books.

5. d
d was a written abbreviation for penny or pence in Britain before decimal currency was introduced in 1971.

6. D, d
D or d is used as an abbreviation for words beginning with d, such as `day', `defeated', or `district'.

-'d

1. -'d.
-'d is a spoken form of `had', especially when `had' is an auxiliary verb. It is added to the end of the pronoun which is the subject of the verb. For example, `you had' can be shortened to `you'd'.

2. -'d.
-'d is a spoken form of `would'. It is added to the end of the pronoun which is the subject of the verb. For example, `I would' can be shortened to `I'd'.

D.A.

abbr.

District Attorney 地方法院检查官

D.A.

abbr.

District Attorney 地方法院检查官

DA. *

D.A D.A.s
A D.A. is a District Attorney . (AM)
N-COUNT

dab

[D.J.:dæb]

[K.K.:dæb]

n.

少许, 一点点

be a dab hand at (doing)

是…能手；做某事很在行；在某方面技术熟练

vt.

抹(或敷、涂、擦)少许

快速擦拭

dab at sth (with sth)

(用某物)轻触，轻按几下(面部等)

dab sth off

轻而快地擦掉(或抹掉)

dab sth on(with sth)

(用某物)轻而快地涂上(或点上)…

dabbing

[ˈdæbiŋ]

n.

石面凿毛,灰泥抛毛

dab *

1. dab dabs dabbing dabbed
If you dab something, you touch it several times using quick, light movements. If you dab a substance onto a surface, you put it there using quick, light movements.

- She arrived weeping, dabbing her eyes with a tissue.

- She spread the icing over the cake, dabbing it with a knife.

- She dabbed iodine on the cuts on her forehead.

- He dabbed at his lips with the napkin.

VB

2. dab dabs
A dab of something is a small amount of it that is put onto a surface. (INFORMAL)

- She wore no make-up, not even a dab of lipstick.

- ...a dab of glue.

N-COUNT: N of n

3. dab dabs
A dab is a small flat fish with rough scales.
N-VAR

dab

verb

1.

pat

daub

stipple

tap

touch

noun

2.

spot

bit

drop

pat

smudge

speck

3.

pat

flick

stroke

tap

touch

dabble

[D.J.:ˈdæbəl]

[K.K.:ˈdæbəl]

vi.

涉猎, 浅尝

少量投资

dabble in

涉足，浅尝(活动或体育运动)

dabbling

灌注的

dabble *

dabble dabbles dabbling dabbled
If you dabble in something, you take part in it but not very seriously.

- He dabbled in business.

- She dabbled with drugs.

- Magicians do not dabble, they work hard.

VB

dabble

verb

1.

play at

dip into

potter

tinker

trifle (with)

2.

splash

dip

dab hand

dab hand dab hands
In British English, if you are a dab hand at something, you are very good at doing it. (INFORMAL)

- She was a dab hand at solving difficult crossword puzzles.

N-COUNT: usu N at n/-ing

dace

[D.J.:deis]

[K.K.:des]

n.

一种鱼

dace *

dace daces
A dace is a type of fish that lives in rivers and lakes.
N-VAR dace can be used as both the singular and the plural form.

dacha

[D.J.:ˈdætʃə]

[K.K.:ˈdɑtʃə]

n.

〈俄〉俄国郊外的别墅

dacha

dacha dachas
A dacha is a country house in Russia.
N-COUNT

dachshund

[D.J.:ˈdækshund]

[K.K.:ˈdɑksˌhʊnt, ˈdɑksənt]

n.

达克斯狗(一种短腿长身的德国种猎犬)

dachshund

dachshund dachshunds
A dachshund is a small dog that has very short legs, a long body, and long ears.
N-COUNT

dad

[D.J.:dæd]

[K.K.:dæd]

n.

爸, 爹

dad ***

dad dads
Your dad is your father. (INFORMAL)

- How do you feel, Dad?.

- I talked to Dad.

- He's living with his mum and dad.

N-FAMILY

daddy

[D.J.:ˈdædi:]

[K.K.:ˈdædi]

n.

爸, 爹

a sugar daddy

甜心爸爸(在年轻女子身上乱花钱的阔老头)；老色鬼

daddy **

daddy daddies
Children often call their father daddy . (INFORMAL)

- Look at me, Daddy!.

- I wrote a letter to Daddy.

- She wanted her mummy and daddy.

N-FAMILY

daddy longlegs

daddy longlegs
A daddy longlegs is a flying insect with very long legs.
N-COUNT daddy longlegs is both the singular and the plural form
= cranefly

dado

[D.J.:ˈdeidəu]

[K.K.:ˈdedo]

n.

护墙板,台座

dado

dado dados
A dado is a strip of wood that can be fixed to the lower part of a wall. The wall is then often decorated differently above and below the dado .
N-COUNT

daffodil

[D.J.:ˈdæfədɪl]

[K.K.:ˈdæfədɪl]

n.

黄水仙,(黄)水仙花

daffodil *

daffodil daffodils
A daffodil is a yellow spring flower with a central part shaped like a tube and a long stem.
N-COUNT

daffy

[D.J.:ˈdæfi:]

[K.K.:ˈdæfi]

adj.

奇怪的, 古怪的

愚蠢的

daffy

daffy
If you describe a person or thing as daffy , you mean that they are strange or foolish, but in a rather attractive way. (INFORMAL)

- The assumption is that small women are sweet and daffy.

- ...a daffy storyline.

ADJ-GRADED approval

daft

[D.J.:dæft]

[K.K.:dæft]

adj.

傻的, 愚蠢的

(as) daft as a brush

十分愚蠢

daft *

daft dafter daftest
If you describe a person or their behaviour as daft , you think that they are stupid, impractical, or rather strange. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He's not so daft as to listen to rumours.

- I can lose a few pounds without resorting to daft diets.

- Don't be daft!

ADJ-GRADED
= barmy

daft

adjective Informal, chiefly Brit.

1.

foolish

absurd

asinine

crackpot informal

crazy

idiotic

silly

stupid

witless

2.

crazy

crackers Brit. slang

demented

deranged

insane

nuts slang

touched

unhinged

dagger

[D.J.:ˈdæɡə]

[K.K.:ˈdæɡɚ]

n.

匕首; 短剑

dagger *

1. dagger daggers
A dagger is a weapon like a knife with two sharp edges.
N-COUNT

2. dagger
If you say that two people are at daggers drawn , you mean they are having an argument and are still very angry with each other. (BRIT)

- She and her mother were at daggers drawn.

PHR

dagger

noun

knife

bayonet

dirk

stiletto

dahlia

[D.J.:ˈdeiljə]

[K.K.:ˈdæljə, ˈdɑl-, ˈdel-]

n.

大丽花属

dahlia *

dahlia dahlias
A dahlia is a garden flower with a lot of brightly coloured petals.
N-COUNT

daily

[D.J.:ˈdeili]

[K.K.:ˈdeli]

adj.

每日的, 日常的

n.

日报

adv.

每日

daily ****

1. daily
If something happens daily , it happens every day.

- Cathay Pacific flies daily non-stop to Hong Kong from Heathrow.

- The Visitor Centre is open daily Mon -- Fri 8.30 a.m. -- 4.30 p.m.

ADV: ADV after v

2. daily
Also an adjective.

- They held daily press briefings.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. daily
Daily quantities or rates relate to a period of one day.

- ...a diet containing adequate daily amounts of fresh fruit...

- So far, September's average daily turnover is about 131 million shares.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. daily dailies
A daily is a newspaper that is published every day of the week except Sunday.

- Copies of the local daily had been scattered on a table.

N-COUNT

5. daily
Also an adjective.

- He studied the daily papers.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. daily
Your daily life is the things that you do every day as part of your normal life.

- All of us in our daily life react favourably to people who take us and our views seriously.

PHR: N inflects

daily

adjective

1.

everyday

diurnal

quotidian

adverb

2.

every day

day by day

once a day

daintily

[D.J.:ˈdeɪntɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdent l..ɪ]

adv.

优美地

可口地

难取悦地;讲究地

dainty

[D.J.:ˈdeɪnti:]

[K.K.:ˈdenti]

adj.

精致的, 娇俏的, 优雅的, 美味的

(指人)品位高雅的, 难以取悦的, 讲究的, 挑剔的

dainty *

1. dainty daintier daintiest
If you describe a movement, person, or object as dainty , you mean that they are small, delicate, and pretty.

- The girls were dainty and feminine.

- ...dainty pink flowers.

ADJ-GRADED

2. daintily

- She walked daintily down the steps.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

dainty

adjective

delicate

charming

elegant

exquisite

fine

graceful

neat

petite

pretty

daiquiri

[D.J.:ˈdaikəri]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪkəri, ˈdækə-]

n.

台克利(鸡尾)酒

daiquiri

daiquiri daiquiris
A daiquiri is a drink made with rum, lime or lemon juice, sugar, and ice.
N-COUNT

dairy

[D.J.:ˈdɛəri]

[K.K.:ˈdɛri]

n.

牛奶场

乳品店

dairy **

1. dairy dairies
A dairy is a shop or company that sells milk and food made from milk, such as butter, cream, and cheese.
N-COUNT

2. dairy dairies
On a farm, the dairy is the building where milk is kept or where cream, butter, and cheese are made.
N-COUNT

3. dairy
Dairy is used to refer to foods such as butter and cheese that are made from milk.

- ...dairy produce.

- ...vitamins found in eggs, meat and dairy products.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. dairy
Dairy is used to refer to the use of cattle to produce milk rather than meat.

- ...a small vegetable and dairy farm.

- ...the feeding of dairy cows.

ADJ: ADJ n

dais

[D.J.:ˈdeiis]

[K.K.:ˈdeɪs, ˈdaɪ-, des]

n.

台,讲台

dais

dais daises
A dais is a raised platform in a hall.
N-COUNT

daisy

[D.J.:ˈdeɪzi:]

[K.K.:ˈdezi]

n.

雏菊(花);菊科植物

(as) fresh as a daisy

非常新鲜

精神饱满；干净整洁

daisy *

daisy daisies
A daisy is a small wild flower with a yellow centre and white petals.
N-COUNT

daisy chain

daisy chain daisy chains
A daisy chain is a string of daisies that have been joined together by their stems to make a necklace. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT also daisy-chain .

dal

[dɑ:l]

n.

木豆;木豆做的菜

dal

dal dals
Dal is an Indian dish made from pulses such as chick peas or lentils.
N-VAR also dhal

dale

[D.J.:deɪl]

[K.K.:del]

n.

<主英><诗>山谷,谷

翻山越谷；到处

dale

dale dales
A dale is a valley. (BRIT)
N-COUNT
= vale

dalliance

[D.J.:ˈdæli:əns]

[K.K.:ˈdæliəns]

n.

嬉戏;戏弄

调情;调戏

dalliance

1. dalliance dalliances
If two people have a brief romantic relationship, you can say that they have a dalliance with each other, especially if they do not take it seriously. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...my dalliance with a certain footballer.

- ...sexual dalliances.

N-VAR: oft N with n

2. dalliance dalliances
Someone's dalliance with something is a brief involvement with it. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...my brief dalliance with higher education.

N-COUNT: oft poss N, N with n

dally

[D.J.:ˈdæli:]

[K.K.:ˈdæli]

vi.

随随便便地对待;不很认真地考虑

浪费时间, 闲混

调情

dally

1. dally dallies dallying dallied
If you dally , you act or move very slowly, wasting time. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- The bureaucrats dallied too long.

- He did not dally over the choice of a suitable partner.

VB

2. dally dallies dallying dallied
If someone dallies with you, they have a romantic, but not serious, relationship with you. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- In his social and sexual life he dallied with actresses and lady novelists.

VB

Dalmatian

[dælˈmeiʃiən]

n.

达尔马提亚人

adj.

南斯拉夫达尔马提亚地方的

Dalmatian

Dalmatian Dalmatians
A Dalmatian is a large dog with short, smooth, white hair and black or dark brown spots.
N-COUNT

dam

[D.J.:dæm]

[K.K.:dæm]

n.

坝, 堤

vt.

修筑水坝; 以水坝阻拦

拦阻; 抑制

damming

[ˈdæmiŋ]

n.

堰塞

dam **

1. dam dams
A dam is a wall that is built across a river in order to stop the water flowing and to make a lake.

- They went ahead with plans to build a dam on the Danube River.

- ...the Aswan Dam.

N-COUNT

2. dam dams damming dammed
To dam a river means to build a dam across it.

- ...plans to dam the nearby Delaware River...

- This reservoir was formed by damming the River Blith.

VB

3. dam dams
In the breeding of farm animals, an animal's dam is its mother. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT: usu with poss

dam

noun

1.

barrier

barrage

embankment

obstruction

wall

verb

2.

block up

barricade

hold back

obstruct

restrict

damage

[D.J.:ˈdæmidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈdæmɪdʒ]

vt. & vi.

损害, 毁坏, 加害于

n.

损失, 损害, 损毁

损害赔偿金

damaged

adj.

被损坏的

damages

损害赔偿

damaging

[ˈdæmidʒiŋ]

adj.

有破坏性的,损害的,诽谤的

damage ****

1. damage damages damaging damaged
To damage an object means to break it, spoil it physically, or stop it from working properly.

- He maliciously damaged a car with a baseball bat.

- Lemon juice has the potential to damage hair, rendering it dry and brittle.

VB

2. damage damages damaging damaged
To damage something means to cause it to become less good, pleasant, or successful.

- Jackson doesn't want to damage his reputation as a political personality.

- He warned that the action was damaging the economy.

VB
= harm ≠ boost

3. damaging

- Is the recycling process in itself damaging to the environment?

ADJ-GRADED
= harmful

4. damage
Damage is physical harm that is caused to an object.

- The blast had serious effects with quite extensive damage to the house.

- Many professional boxers end their careers with eye and brain damage.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n

5. damage
Damage consists of the unpleasant effects that something has on a person, situation, or type of activity.

- Incidents of this type cause irreparable damage to relations with the community.

- Adhering to the new rules meant inflicting serious damage on motor racing.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n

6. damage damages
If a court of law awards damages to someone, it orders money to be paid to them by a person who has damaged their reputation or property, or who has injured them.

- He was vindicated in court and damages were awarded.

N-PLURAL

7. damage
If you say ` the damage is done ', you mean that it is too late now to prevent the harmful effects of something that has already happened.

- Once the damage is done, even modern surgery can't undo it entirely.

PHR

damage

verb

1.

harm

hurt

impair

injure

ruin

spoil

weaken

wreck

noun

2.

harm

destruction

detriment

devastation

hurt

injury

loss

suffering

3.

cost

bill

charge

expense

damages

plural noun Law

compensation

fine

reimbursement

reparation

satisfaction

damaging

adjective

harmful

deleterious

detrimental

disadvantageous

hurtful

injurious

ruinous

damage limitation

damage limitation
Damage limitation is action that is taken to make the bad results of something as small as possible, when it is impossible to avoid bad results completely. (BRIT; in AM use damage control )

- He called a meeting of senior staff, another exercise in damage limitation.

- Damage limitation measures have been introduced.

N-UNCOUNT

damask

[D.J.:ˈdæməsk]

[K.K.:ˈdæməsk]

n.

缎子, 锦缎

damask

damask damasks
Damask is a type of heavy cloth with a pattern woven into it.
N-MASS

dame

[D.J.:deɪm]

[K.K.:dem]

n.

(在英国)夫人(一种封号)；夫人(爵士妻子的称号)

女人

dame **

1. dame
Dame is a title given to a woman as a special honour because of important service or work that she has done. (BRIT)

- ...Dame Judi Dench.

N-TITLE

2. dame dames
A dame is a woman. This use could cause offence. (AM, OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- Who does that dame think she is?

N-COUNT

dame

noun

noblewoman

baroness

dowager

grande dame

lady

peeress

damn

[D.J.:dæm]

[K.K.:dæm]

adv.

非常

adj.

该死的

vt.

罚…入地狱受罪

严厉批评

使彻底失败, 毁掉

n.

一点点, 丝毫

damned

[D.J.:dæmd]

[K.K.:dæmd]

adj.

该死的,该咒的,讨厌的

I’ll be damned

(表示惊奇)真没想到，真叫我吃惊

I’m/I’ll be damned if …

我决不…；我绝对不会…

adv.

非常

damning

[D.J.:ˈdæmɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdæmɪŋ]

n.

诅咒

adj.

毁灭的;咒骂的

damn **

1. damn
Damn , damn it , and dammit are used by some people to express anger or impatience. (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- Don't be flippant, damn it! This is serious.

EXCLAM feelings

2. damn
Damn is used by some people to emphasize what they are saying. (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- There's not a damn thing you can do about it now.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

3. damn
Also an adverb.

- As it turned out, I was damn right.

- Let's have a damn good party.

ADV: ADV adj/adv

4. damn damns damning damned
If you say that a person or a news report damns something such as a policy or action, you mean that they are very critical of it.

- ...a sensational book in which she damns the ultra-right party.

- ...a report damning the chocolate advertising people for targeting women in their campaigns.

VB
= slam

5. damn
If you say that someone does not give a damn about something, you are emphasizing that they do not care about it at all. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
PHR: V inflects emphasis

6. damn
People use damn near to emphasize that what they are saying is not actually true, but is very close to being true. (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- I damn near went crazy.

- That's a question damn near every woman who ever lived has had to answer for herself.

PHR: PHR before v, PHR n/adj emphasis

7. damn
Some people say as near as damn it or as near as dammit to emphasize that what they have said is almost completely accurate, but not quite. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- I have been leading as near as damn it a normal life this past five or six weeks.

- The stadium will be as near as dammit empty.

PHR: usu PHR n emphasis

damned **

1. damned
Damned is used by some people to emphasize what they are saying, especially when they are angry or frustrated. (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- The damned meeting seemed endless.

- They're a damned nuisance most of the time.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

2. damned
Also an adverb.

- We are making a damned good profit, I tell you that.

ADV: ADV adj/adv

3. damned
According to some religions, the damned are people whose punishment is to stay in hell for ever after they have died.
N-PLURAL: the N

4. damned
If someone says ` I'm damned if I'm going to do it' or ` I'll be damned if I'll do it', they are emphasizing that they do not intend to do something and think it is unreasonable for anyone to expect them to do it. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
PHR: V inflects emphasis

5. damned
Some people say ` I'll be damned! ' when they are expressing surprise at something. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
PHR feelings

damning *

damning
If you describe evidence or a report as damning , you mean that it suggests very strongly that someone is guilty of a crime or has made a serious mistake.

- ...a damning report into the government's handling of the salmonella affair...

- He was most damning in his comments about the army.

ADJ-GRADED

damn

verb

1.

condemn

blast

censure

criticize

denounce

put down

2.

sentence

condemn

doom

damned

adjective

1.

doomed

accursed

condemned

lost

2.

detestable

confounded

hateful

infernal

loathsome

damnable

[D.J.:ˈdæmnəbl]

[K.K.:ˈdæmnəbəl]

adj.

可恶的, 恶劣的, 不名誉的

极坏的

damnably

adv.

可恨地,厉害地

damnable

1. damnable
You use damnable to emphasize that you dislike or disapprove of something a great deal. (OLD-FASHIONED, RUDE)

- What a damnable climate we have!.

- The charge of rape was a damnable lie.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

2. damnably

- It was damnably unfair that he should suffer so much.

ADV: ADV adj

damnation

[D.J.:dæmˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:dæmˈneʃən]

n.

罚入地狱, 遭天谴

damnation

1. damnation
According to some religions, if someone suffers damnation , they have to stay in hell for ever after they have died because of their sins.

- She has a healthy fear of hellfire and eternal damnation.

N-UNCOUNT

2. damnation
Some people say ` damnation! ' to express anger or impatience. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
EXCLAM feelings

damnation

noun

condemnation

anathema

damning

denunciation

doom

damnedest

[D.J.:ˈdæmdist]

[K.K.:ˈdæmdɪst]

n.

最大的努力

damnedest

1. damnedest
If you say that you will do your damnedest to achieve something, you mean that you will try as hard as you can to do it, even though you think that it will take a lot of effort. (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- I did my damnedest to persuade her.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to-inf

2. damnedest
If you say that something is the damnedest thing, you are emphasizing that it is surprising or odd. (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- Today I heard somebody say the damnedest thing about Cross.

- You pick the damnedest places to eat!

ADJ-SUPERL: ADJ n emphasis

damn fool

damn fool
Damn fool means `very stupid'. (AM, OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- What a damn fool thing to do!

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n emphasis

Damocles

[D.J.:ˈdæməkli:z]

[K.K.:ˈdæməˌkliz]

n.

达摩克利斯,为叙拉古(Syracuse)暴君Dionysius的宠信

Damocles

Damocles
If you say that someone has the Sword of Damocles hanging over their head, you mean that they are in a situation in which something very bad could happen to them at any time. (LITERARY)

- As a Grand Prix driver, you have the Sword of Damocles hanging over your head at every moment.

PHR

damp

[D.J.:dæmp]

[K.K.:dæmp]

adj.

潮湿的, 不完全干燥的

n.

潮湿, 湿气

vt.

使潮湿

减弱, 抑制

使沮丧, 使败兴

damped

阻尼的

damper

[ˈdæmpə]

n.

起抑制作用的因素,节气闸,断音装置

damping

[D.J.:ˈdæmpiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdæmpɪŋ]

n.

阻尼;减幅,衰减

damp **

1. damp damper dampest
Something that is damp is slightly wet.

- Her hair was still damp.

- ...the damp, cold air...

- She wiped the table with a damp cloth.

ADJ-GRADED
= moist

2. damp
Damp is moisture that is found on the inside walls of a house or in the air.

- There was damp everywhere and the entire building was in need of rewiring.

N-UNCOUNT
See also rising damp .

3. damp damps damping damped
If you damp something, you make it slightly wet.

- Hillsden damped a hand towel and laid it across her forehead.

VB
= dampen

damper

1. damper dampers
A damper is a small sheet of metal in a fire, boiler, or furnace that can be moved to increase or reduce the amount of air that enters.
N-COUNT

2. damper dampers
A damper is a device in a piano or similar musical instrument which makes the sound less loud by restricting the movement of the strings.
N-COUNT

3. damper
To put a damper on something means to have an effect on it which stops it being as enjoyable or as successful as it should be. (INFORMAL)

- Unseasonably cool weather has put a damper on many plans for the day.

- That would put a damper on the future growth of U.S. steel exports.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

damp

adjective Slang

1.

moist

clammy

dank

dewy

drizzly

humid

soggy

sopping

wet

noun

2.

moisture

dampness

dankness

drizzle

verb

3.

moisten

dampen

wet

damp down

4.

reduce

allay

check

curb

diminish

inhibit

pour cold water on

stifle

damper

noun

put a damper on

discouragement

cold water informal

hindrance

restraint

wet blanket informal

damp down **

damp down damps down; damping down; damped down
To damp down something such as a strong emotion, an argument, or a crisis means to make it calmer or less intense.

- His hand moved to his mouth as he tried to damp down the panic.

- The entire spending boost could go on wage demands unless expectations are damped down.

PHR-V
= calm

damp course

damp course damp courses
A damp course is a layer of waterproof material which is put into the bottom of the outside wall of a building to prevent moisture from rising. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

dampen

[D.J.:ˈdæmpən]

[K.K.:ˈdæmpən]

vt.

使湿

dampening

回潮

dampen *

1. dampen dampens dampening dampened
To dampen something such as someone's enthusiasm or excitement means to make it less lively or intense.

- Nothing seems to dampen his perpetual enthusiasm.

- I hate to dampen your spirits but aren't you overlooking a couple of minor points.

VB

2. dampen down; dampens down; dampening down; dampened down
To dampen something down means the same as to dampen it.

- Although unemployment rose last month, this is unlikely to dampen down wage demands.

- After the boom, the economy overheated and the Government resorted to interest rates to dampen it down.

PHR-V

3. dampen dampens dampening dampened
If you dampen something, you make it slightly wet.

- She took the time to dampen a washcloth and do her face.

VB

dampen

verb

1.

reduce

check

dull

lessen

moderate

restrain

stifle

2.

moisten

make damp

spray

wet

dampener

湿润器

dampener

dampener
To put a dampener on something means the same as to put a damper on it.

- Boy, did this woman know how to put a dampener on your day.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

dampness

[D.J.:ˈdæmpnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈdæmpnɪs]

n.

湿气,潮湿

dampness

1. dampness
Dampness is moisture in the air, or on the surface of something.

- I could see big circles of dampness under each arm.

- The tins had to be kept away from dampness, soot and cooking fumes.

N-UNCOUNT
= moisture

2. dampness
Dampness is the quality of being damp.

- The dampness of the forest did not agree with him physically.

N-UNCOUNT

damp-proof course

damp-proof course damp-proof courses
A damp-proof course is the same as a damp course .
N-COUNT

damsel

[D.J.:ˈdæmzəl]

[K.K.:ˈdæmzəl]

n.

少女,未婚女子

a damsel in distress

落难女子；需要男人帮助的女子

damsel *

damsel damsels
A damsel is a young, unmarried woman. (OLD-FASHIONED, LITERARY)

- He keeps coming to the aid of this damsel in distress.

N-COUNT
= maiden

damson

[D.J.:ˈdæmzn]

[K.K.:ˈdæmzən, -sən]

n.

西洋李子树

西洋李子

深紫色

damson

damson damsons
A damson is a small, sour, purple plum.
N-COUNT

dance

[D.J.:dɑ:ns]

[K.K.:dæns]

n.

跳舞, 舞蹈, (伴随着音乐的)舞步

某种形式的舞; 伴随跳舞的音乐, 舞曲

舞蹈艺术

舞会

vi.

跳舞

手舞足蹈; 摇晃; 跳跃

dancing

[D.J.:ˈdænsɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdænsɪŋ]

n.

跳舞；舞蹈

dance ****

1. dance dances dancing danced
When you dance , you move your body and feet in a way which follows a rhythm, usually in time to music.

- Polly had never learned to dance.

- I like to dance to the music on the radio.

VB

2. dance dances
A dance is a particular series of graceful movements of your body and feet, which you usually do in time to music.

- Sometimes the people doing this dance hold brightly colored scarves.

- She describes the tango as a very sexy dance.

N-COUNT

3. dance dances dancing danced
When you dance with someone, the two of you take part in a dance together, as partners. You can also say that two people dance .

- It's a terrible thing when nobody wants to dance with you.

- Shall we dance?.

- He asked her to dance.

V-RECIP

4. dance dances
Also a noun.

- Come and have a dance with me.

N-COUNT

5. dance dances
A dance is a social event where people dance with each other.

- She often went to parties and dances at Littlecote.

- At the school dance he sat and talked to her all evening.

N-COUNT

6. dance
Dance is the activity of performing dances, as a public entertainment or an art form.

- Their contribution to international dance, drama and music is inestimable.

- No show prior to `On The Town' had told so much of its story through dance.

- She no longer has the time or energy for her dance classes.

N-UNCOUNT

7. dance dances dancing danced
If you dance a particular kind of dance, you do it or perform it.

- Then we put the music on, and we all danced the Charleston.

- They will dance two performances of Ashton's `Romeo and Juliet'.

VB

8. dance dances dancing danced
If you dance somewhere, you move there lightly and quickly, usually because you are happy or excited. (LITERARY)

- He danced off down the road.

- Amy went and kissed him, and then danced out of his reach.

VB

9. dance dances dancing danced
If you say that something dances , you mean that it moves about, or seems to move about, lightly and quickly. (LITERARY)

- Patterns of light, reflected by the river, dance along the base of the cliffs.

- She tried to read it more slowly and carefully, but the words danced and dissolved before her eyes.

VB

10. dance
If someone leads you a merry dance , they make you do things over a long period of time which cause you problems and do not benefit you in any way. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
PHR: V inflects

dancing ***

dancing
When people dance for enjoyment or to entertain others, you can refer to this activity as dancing .

- All the schools have music and dancing as part of the curriculum.

- Let's go dancing tonight.

- ...dancing shoes.

N-UNCOUNT

dance

verb

1.

prance

hop

jig

skip

sway

trip

whirl

noun

2.

ball

disco

discotheque

hop informal

knees-up Brit. informal

social

dance floor *

dance floor dance floors
In a restaurant or night club, the dance floor is the area where people can dance.
N-COUNT also dancefloor .

dance hall

dance hall dance halls
Dance halls were large rooms or buildings where people used to pay to go and dance, usually in the evening. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

dancer

[D.J.:ˈdɑ:nsə]

n.

跳舞者;舞蹈演员

dancer **

1. dancer dancers
A dancer is a person who earns money by dancing, or a person who is dancing.

- His previous girlfriend was a dancer with the Royal Ballet.

- The dancers began to walk away from the floor.

N-COUNT

2. dancer dancers
If you say that someone is a good dancer or a bad dancer , you are saying how well or badly they can dance.

- He was the best dancer in LA.

N-COUNT: adj N

dancer

noun

ballerina

Terpsichorean

dance studio

dance studio dance studios
A dance studio is a place where people pay to learn how to dance.
N-COUNT

dandelion

[D.J.:ˈdændlˌaɪən]

[K.K.:ˈdændl..ˌaɪən]

n.

蒲公英

dandelion *

dandelion dandelions
A dandelion is a wild plant which has yellow flowers with lots of thin petals. When the petals of each flower drop off, a fluffy white ball of seeds grows.
N-COUNT

dandruff

[D.J.:ˈdændrəf]

[K.K.:ˈdændrəf]

n.

头皮屑

dandruff

dandruff
Dandruff is small white pieces of dead skin in someone's hair, or fallen from someone's hair.

- He has very bad dandruff.

N-UNCOUNT

dandy

[D.J.:ˈdændi:]

[K.K.:ˈdændi]

n.

注意衣着修饰的人,油头粉面的人,花花公子

dandy *

1. dandy dandies
A dandy is a man who thinks a great deal about his appearance and always dresses in smart clothes.

- He was handsome and a dandy.

N-COUNT

2. dandy
If you say that something is dandy , you mean it is good or just right. (AM, INFORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED)

- There's a zoo round here? That's dandy for my kids.

ADJ
= great

Dane

[D.J.:dein]

[K.K.:den]

n.

丹麦人

Dane *

Dane Danes
A Dane is a person who comes from Denmark.

- The Danes dismissed the allegation as nonsense.

N-COUNT

danger

[D.J.:ˈdeindʒə]

[K.K.:ˈdendʒɚ]

n.

危险, 风险

可能造成损伤、疼痛等的人或物; 危害

danger ****

1. danger
Danger is the possibility that someone may be harmed or killed.

- My friends endured tremendous danger in order to help me.

- Please Vanya, your life is in danger here. Do what Tenzin says.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ safety

2. danger dangers
A danger is something or someone that can hurt or harm you.

- ...the dangers of smoking.

- ...the danger of open conflict...

- Britain's roads are a danger to cyclists.

- Public health physicians say there are other dangers, too.

N-COUNT: usu N of -ing/n, N to n
= threat

3. danger
If there is a danger that something unpleasant will happen, it is possible that it will happen.

- There is a real danger that some people will no longer be able to afford insurance.

- There was no danger that any of these groups would be elected to power.

- If there is a danger of famine, we should help.

N-SING: also no det, N that, N of n/-ing

4. danger
If someone who has been seriously ill is out of danger , they are still ill, but they are not expected to die.
PHR: v-link PHR

danger

noun

peril

hazard

jeopardy

menace

pitfall

risk

threat

vulnerability

dangerous

[D.J.:ˈdeindʒərəs]

[K.K.:ˈdendʒərəs]

adj.

有危险的, 危险的

dangerously

[D.J.:ˈdeɪnd ʒərəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdend ʒərəslɪ]

adv.

危险地;可能引起危险地

dangerous ****

1. dangerous
If something is dangerous , it is able or likely to hurt or harm you.

- It's a dangerous stretch of road.

- ...dangerous drugs...

- It's dangerous to jump to early conclusions.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
= unsafe

2. dangerously

- He is dangerously ill.

- He rushed downstairs dangerously fast.

- The coach rocked dangerously.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/adv/-ed, also ADV after v

dangerous

adjective

perilous

breakneck

chancy informal

hazardous

insecure

precarious

risky

unsafe

vulnerable

dangerously

adverb

perilously

alarmingly

hazardously

precariously

recklessly

riskily

unsafely

dangle

[D.J.:ˈdæŋgəl]

[K.K.:ˈdæŋɡəl]

vi.

悬吊着, 摆动不定

dangle before

用某事物诱惑…；吊胃口

dangle *

1. dangle dangles dangling dangled
If something dangles from somewhere or if you dangle it somewhere, it hangs or swings loosely.

- A gold bracelet dangled from his left wrist.

- Crystal chandeliers dangled from every ceiling.

- He and I were sitting out on his jetty dangling our legs in the water.

V-ERG

2. dangle dangles dangling dangled
If you say that someone is dangling something attractive before you, you mean they are offering it to you in order to try to influence you in some way.

- Ever since, when they've dangled rich rewards before me, I've taken fright.

VB

dangle

verb

1.

hang

flap

hang down

sway

swing

trail

2.

wave

brandish

flaunt

flourish

Danish

[D.J.:ˈdeiniʃ]

[K.K.:ˈdenɪʃ]

n.

丹麦语

adj.

丹麦的

Danish ***

1. Danish
Danish means belonging or relating to Denmark, its people, its language, or culture.

- ...the Danish coast...

- He was the son of a Danish father and a Venezuelan mother.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Danish
Danish is the language spoken in Denmark.
N-UNCOUNT

Danish pastry

Danish pastry Danish pastries
Danish pastries are cakes made from sweet pastry. They are often filled with things such as apple or almond paste.
N-COUNT

dank

[D.J.:dæŋk]

[K.K.:dæŋk]

adj.

阴湿的, 阴冷的

dank

dank
A dank place, especially an underground place such as a cave, is unpleasantly damp and cold.

- The kitchen was dank and cheerless.

ADJ

dapper

[D.J.:ˈdæpə]

[K.K.:ˈdæpɚ]

adj.

(尤指男子)整洁漂亮的, 动作敏捷的

dapper

dapper
A man who is dapper has a very neat and clean appearance, and is often also small and thin.

- The bartender, a dapper little man named Al, was beaming at him.

ADJ-GRADED

dapper

adjective

neat

natty informal

smart

soign´e or soign´ee

spruce

spry

trim

well-groomed

well turned out

dappled

[D.J.:ˈdæpəld]

[K.K.:ˈdæpəld]

adj.

有斑点的

dappled

dappled
You use dappled to describe something that has dark or light patches on it, or that is made up of patches of light and shade.

- ...a dappled horse...

- Sometimes I carry a book out under the pear trees and sit in the dappled shade.

- The path was dappled with sunlight.

ADJ: ADJ n, v-link ADJ with/by/in n

dare

[D.J.:dɛə]

[K.K.:dɛr]

vt.

敢; 敢做

向…挑战, 激

aux.v.

敢, 竟敢

daring

[D.J.:ˈdeərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdɛrɪŋ]

n.

勇敢, 鲁莽

adj.

勇敢的, 无畏的

daringly

adv.

大胆地,毅然地

dare ***

( Dare sometimes behaves like an ordinary verb, for example `He dared to speak' and `He doesn't dare to speak' and sometimes like a modal, for example `He daren't speak'.)

1. dare dares daring dared
If you do not dare to do something, you do not have enough courage to do it, or you do not want to do it because you fear the consequences. If you dare to do something, you do something which requires a lot of courage.

- Since he was stuck in a lift a year ago he hasn't dared to get back into one.

- Most people hate Harry but they don't dare to say so.

- He has also dared to take unpopular, but principled stands at times.

- We have had problems in our family that I didn't dare tell Uncle.

VB: oft with brd-neg

2. dare
Also a modal.

- Dare she risk staying where she was?.

- The yen is weakening. But Tokyo dare not raise its interest rates again.

- `Are you coming with me?' --- `I can't, Alice. I daren't.'

MODAL

3. dare dares daring dared
If you dare someone to do something, you challenge them to prove that they are not frightened of doing it.

- Over coffee, she lit a cigarette, her eyes daring him to comment.

- I dare you to sit through forty-five minutes with someone like Vincent!

VB

4. dare dares
A dare is a challenge which one person gives to another to do something dangerous or frightening.

- He'd do pretty much anything on a dare.

- When found, the children said they'd run away for a dare.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu as/for/on a N

5. dare
If you say to someone ` don't you dare ' do something, you are telling them not to do it and letting them know that you are angry. (SPOKEN)

- Don't speak to me like that. Don't you dare.

- Allen, don't you dare go anywhere else, you hear?

PHR: oft PHR inf feelings

6. dare
You say ` how dare you '' when you are very shocked and angry about something that someone has done. (SPOKEN)

- How dare you pick up the phone and listen in on my conversations!.

- Suddenly the peace was destroyed by someone shouting, `Get back! Go away! How dare you!'

PHR: usu PHR inf feelings

7. dare
You use ` dare I say it ' when you know that what you are going to say will disappoint or annoy someone.

- Politicians usually attract younger women, dare I say it, because of the status they have in society.

PHR: PHR with cl politeness

8. dare
You can use ` I dare say ' or ` I daresay ' before or after a statement to indicate that you believe it is probably true.

- I dare say that the computer would provide a clear answer to that.

- People always think I'm a fool, and I dare say they're right.

- Luke badly wanted a pass mark. Still does, I daresay.

PHR: PHR that, cl PHR
= I suppose

daring **

1. daring
People who are daring are willing to do or say things which are new or which might shock or anger other people.

- Bergit was probably more daring than I was.

- He realized this to be a very daring thing to ask.

- ...one of the most daring political theatres in Prague.

ADJ-GRADED
= bold

2. daringly

- `Cheers,' he said and winked daringly at her.

- ...a daringly low-cut dress.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. daring
A daring person is willing to do things that might be dangerous.

- ...the heroic and daring Charlie Pierce...

- His daring rescue saved the lives of the youngsters.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= bold

4. daring
Daring is the courage to do things which might be dangerous or which might shock or anger other people.

- His daring may have cost him his life.

N-UNCOUNT
= bravery boldness ≠ cowardice

dare

verb

1.

risk

hazard

make bold

presume

venture

2.

challenge

defy

goad

provoke

taunt

throw down the gauntlet

noun

3.

challenge

provocation

taunt

daring

adjective

1.

brave

adventurous

audacious

bold

daredevil

fearless

intrepid

reckless

venturesome

noun

2.

bravery

audacity

boldness

bottle Brit. slang

courage

fearlessness

nerve informal

pluck

temerity

daredevil

[D.J.:ˈdeəˌdevəl]

[K.K.:ˈdɛrˌdɛvəl]

n.

蛮勇的人,冒失鬼

daredevilry

n.

胆大妄为,蛮干

daredeviltry

n.

胆大妄为,蛮干

daredevilry

[ˈdeəˌdevəlri]

n.

鲁莽大胆,蛮勇

daredeviltry

[ˈdeəˌdevəltri]

n.

鲁莽大胆,蛮勇

daredevil

1. daredevil
Daredevil people enjoy doing physically dangerous things.

- A daredevil parachutist jumped from the top of Tower Bridge today.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. daredevil daredevils
Also a noun.

- He was a daredevil when young.

N-COUNT

3. daredevil
You use daredevil to describe actions that are physically dangerous and require courage.

- The show's full of daredevil feats by cowboys and Indians with horses, buffalos and stagecoaches.

ADJ: ADJ n

daredevil

noun

1.

adventurer

desperado

exhibitionist

madcap

show-off informal

stunt man

adjective

2.

daring

adventurous

audacious

bold

death-defying

madcap

reckless

daren't

daren't
Daren't is the usual spoken form of `dare not'.

dark

[D.J.:dɑ:k]

[K.K.:dɑrk]

adj.

黑暗的

(颜色)深色的, 暗色的

(皮肤、毛发等)棕黑的

n.

傍晚, 黄昏

黑暗; 无光

darkly

[ˈdɑ:kli]

adv.

暗黑,呈黑色

darkness

[D.J.:ˈd ɑ:knɪs]

[K.K.:ˈd ɑrknɪs]

n.

黑暗;阴暗

无知;愚昧

阴郁;邪恶

模糊;秘密

dark ****

1. dark darker darkest
When it is dark , there is not enough light to see properly, for example because it is night.

- When she awoke it was evening and already dark.

- It was too dark inside to see much.

- People usually draw the curtains once it gets dark.

- She snapped off the light and made her way back through the dark kitchen and up the stairs.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ light

2. darkness

- The light went out, and the room was plunged into darkness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. darkly

- In a darkly lit, seedy dance hall, hundreds of men lounge around small tables.

ADV: ADV -ed

4. dark
The dark is the lack of light in a place.

- Her mother was sitting in the dark by the stove in her rocking chair.

- I've always been afraid of the dark.

N-SING: the N
= darkness ≠ light

5. dark darker darkest
If you describe something as dark , you mean that it is black in colour, or a shade that is close to black.

- He wore a dark suit and carried a black attach´e case.

- The heavy dark table is inlaid with lighter wood.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ light

6. darkly

- The freckles on Joanne's face suddenly stood out darkly against her pale skin.

- The tea was darkly amber, the way he liked it.

ADV: ADV after v, ADV adj/-ed

7. dark
When you use dark to describe a colour, you are referring to a shade of that colour which is close to black, or seems to have some black in it.

- She was wearing a dark blue dress.

COMB in COLOUR
≠ light

8. dark darker darkest
If someone has dark hair, eyes, or skin, they have brown or black hair, eyes, or skin.

- He had dark, curly hair.

- Leo went on, his dark eyes wide with pity and concern.

ADJ-GRADED

9. dark darker darkest
If you describe a white person as dark , you mean that they have brown or black hair, and often a brownish skin.

- Carol is a tall, dark, Latin type of woman.

- The driver was very dark. Maltese, maybe.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ fair

10. darkly

- He was a slim, solemn, darkly handsome young man.

ADV: ADV adj

11. dark darker darkest
A dark period of time is unpleasant or frightening.

- Once again there's talk of very dark days ahead.

- This was the darkest period of the war.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= black ≠ happy

12. dark darker darkest
A dark place or area is mysterious and not fully known about.

- The spacecraft is set to throw new light on to a dark corner of the solar system.

- ...the dark recesses of the mind.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

13. dark darker darkest
Dark thoughts are sad, and show that you are expecting something unpleasant to happen. (LITERARY)

- Troy's endless happy chatter kept me from thinking dark thoughts.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= gloomy

14. darkly

- Her thoughts circled darkly round Bernard's strange behaviour.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

15. dark darker darkest
Dark looks or remarks make you think that the person giving them wants to harm you or that something horrible is going to happen. (LITERARY)

- Garin shot him a dark glance, as if in warning.

- ...dark threats.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= sinister

16. darkly

- `Something's wrong here,' she said darkly.

- They shake their heads and mutter darkly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

17. dark darker darkest
If you describe something as dark , you mean that it is related to things that are serious or unpleasant, rather than light-hearted.

- He smiled when he talked about their dark humor that never failed to astound him and that few adults understand.

- Nina took a kind of dark pleasure in being the focus of the tension between her father and her brother.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

18. darkly

- The atmosphere after Wednesday's debut was as darkly comic as the film itself.

- Von Otter was superb both in the darkly dramatic songs, and in the lighter ones.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj

19. dark
If you do something after dark , you do it when the sun has set and night has begun.

- They avoid going out alone after dark.

PHR

20. dark
If you do something before dark , you do it before the sun sets and night begins.

- They'll be back well before dark.

PHR

21. dark
If you are in the dark about something, you do not know anything about it.

- The investigators admit that they are completely in the dark about the killing.

- I managed to keep my parents in the dark about this.

- I'm as much in the dark as you.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v, oft PHR about n

22. dark
If you describe something someone says or does as a shot in the dark or a stab in the dark , you mean they are guessing that what they say is correct or that what they do will be successful.

- Every single one of those inspired guesses had been shots in the dark.

PHR: shot inflects

dark

adjective

1.

dim

dingy

murky

shadowy

shady

sunless

unlit

2.

black

dark-skinned

dusky

ebony

sable

swarthy

3.

gloomy

bleak

dismal

grim

morose

mournful

sad

sombre

4.

evil

foul

infernal

sinister

vile

wicked

5.

secret

concealed

hidden

mysterious

noun

6.

darkness

dimness

dusk

gloom

murk

obscurity

semi-darkness

7.

night

evening

nightfall

night-time

twilight

darkness

noun

dark

blackness

duskiness

gloom

murk

nightfall

shade

shadows

dark age

1. dark age dark ages
If you refer to a period in the history of a society as a dark age , you think that it is characterized by a lack of knowledge and progress. (WRITTEN)

- The Education Secretary accuses teachers of wanting to return to a dark age.

N-COUNT also Dark Age . disapproval

2. dark age
The Dark Ages are the period of European history between about 500 A.D. and about 1000 A.D.
N-PROPER: the N also Dark Age .

darken

[D.J.:ˈdɑ:kən]

[K.K.:ˈdɑrkən]

vt. & vi.

(使)变暗

not/never darken sb’s door again

再不要跨进我的门槛；再不许踏进我的家门

darkening

[ˈdɑ:kəniŋ]

n.

暗色化

darken *

1. darken darkens darkening darkened
If something darkens or if a person or thing darkens it, it becomes darker.

- The sky darkened abruptly.

- She had put on her make-up and darkened her eyelashes.

V-ERG
≠ lighten

2. darken darkens darkening darkened
If someone's mood darkens or if something darkens their mood, they suddenly become rather unhappy. (LITERARY)

- My sunny mood suddenly darkened.

- Nothing was going to darken his mood today.

V-ERG

3. darken darkens darkening darkened
If someone's face darkens , they suddenly look angry. (LITERARY)

- Rawley's face darkened again.

VB

darkened *

darkened
A darkened building or room has no lights on inside it.

- He drove past darkened houses.

ADJ: ADJ n

darken

verb

make dark

blacken

dim

obscure

overshadow

dark glasses

dark glasses
Dark glasses are glasses which have dark-coloured lenses to protect your eyes in the sunshine.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N
= sunglasses

dark horse

dark horse dark horses
If you describe someone as a dark horse , you mean that people know very little about them, although they may have recently had success or may be about to have success.

- Until recently A. S. Byatt was a dark horse, known only by those steeped in literature.

N-COUNT

dark matter

dark matter
Dark matter is material that is believed to form a large part of the universe, but which has never been seen.
N-UNCOUNT

darkroom

[D.J.:ˈdɑ:kru:m]

[K.K.:ˈdɑrkˌrum, -ˌrʊm]

n.

(冲洗胶片的)暗室

darkroom *

darkroom darkrooms
A darkroom is a room which can be sealed off from natural light and is lit only by red light. It is used for developing photographs.
N-COUNT

darling

[D.J.:ˈdɑ:liŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdɑrlɪŋ]

n.

心爱的人

(用作称呼)亲爱的

darling **

1. darling darlings
You call someone darling if you love them or like them very much.

- Thank you, darling.

- Oh darling, I love you.

N-VOC feelings

2. darling darlings
In some parts of Britain, people call other people darling as a sign of friendliness.
N-VOC feelings

3. darling
Some people use darling to describe someone or something that they love or like very much. (INFORMAL)

- To have a darling baby boy was the greatest gift I could imagine.

- What a darling film -- everyone adored it.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. darling darlings
If you describe someone as a darling , you are fond of them and think that they are nice. (INFORMAL)

- He's such a darling.

N-COUNT

5. darling darlings
The darling of a group of people is someone who is especially liked by that group.

- Rajneesh was the darling of a prosperous family.

N-COUNT: with poss

darling

noun

1.

beloved

dear

dearest

love

sweetheart

truelove

adjective

2.

beloved

adored

cherished

dear

precious

treasured

darn

[D.J.:dɑ:n]

[K.K.:dɑrn]

vt. & vi.

织补(衣物)

darn it!

见鬼(婉辞，与damn同义，表示生气或恼怒)

n.

织补之处

darned

[D.J.:dɑ:nd]

[K.K.:dɑrnd]

adj., adv.

该死, 十足

darning

[ˈdɑ:niŋ]

n.

织补物

darn *

1. darn darns darning darned
If you darn something knitted or made of cloth, you mend a hole in it by sewing stitches across the hole and then weaving stitches in and out of them.

- Aunt Emilie darned old socks.

- Mari refolded the darned pullover and socks.

VB

2. darning

- ...chores such as sewing and darning.

N-UNCOUNT

3. darn darns
A darn is a part of a piece of clothing that has been darned.
N-COUNT

4. darn
People sometimes use darn or darned to emphasize what they are saying, often when they are annoyed. (INFORMAL)

- There's not a darn thing he can do about it.

- You invariably leave your health club a darned sight less healthy than when you went in.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= damn damned

5. darn
Also an adverb.

- ...the desire to be free to do just as we darn well please...

- We start working pretty darn early.

ADV: ADV adj/adv

6. darn
You can say darn it to show that you are very annoyed about something. (AM, INFORMAL)

- OK, I admit it, it was me. But darn it, I was right!

EXCLAM feelings

7. darn
You can say I'll be darned to show that you are very surprised about something. (AM, INFORMAL)

- `A talking pig!' he exclaimed. `Well, I'll be darned.'

PHR feelings

darn

verb

1.

mend

cobble up

patch

repair

sew up

stitch

noun

2.

mend

invisible repair

patch

reinforcement

dart

[D.J.:dɑ:t]

[K.K.:dɑrt]

vt.

投掷; 投射

vi.

向前冲; 飞奔

n.

飞镖

急驰, 飞奔

dart **

1. dart darts darting darted
If a person or animal darts somewhere, they move there suddenly and quickly. (WRITTEN)

- Ingrid darted across the deserted street.

- The girl turned and darted away through the trees.

VB

2. dart darts darting darted
If you dart a look at someone or something, or if your eyes dart to them, you look at them very quickly. (LITERARY)

- She darted a sly sideways glance at Bramwell.

- The conductor's eyes darted to Wilfred, then fixed on Michael again.

VB

3. dart darts
A dart is a small, narrow object with a sharp point which can be thrown or shot.

- Markov died after being struck by a poison dart.

N-COUNT

4. dart
Darts is a game in which you throw darts at a round board which has numbers on it.
N-UNCOUNT

dart

verb

dash

fly

race

run

rush

shoot

spring

sprint

tear

dartboard

[D.J.:ˈdɑ:tbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈdɑrtˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

掷镖的圆靶

dartboard

dartboard dartboards
A dartboard is a circular board with numbers on it which is used as the target in a game of darts.
N-COUNT

dash

[D.J.:dæʃ]

[K.K.:dæʃ]

vi.

冲; 猛冲

vt. & vi.

猛掷; (使)猛撞

匆匆地写或画

n.

猛冲, 飞奔

短距离赛跑

少许

破折号

dashed

n.

虚线

dashing

[D.J.:ˈdæʃiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdæʃɪŋ]

adj.

精神振奋的, 精神抖擞的

(衣服)漂亮而有趣的

dash **

1. dash dashes dashing dashed
If you dash somewhere, you run or go there quickly and suddenly.

- Suddenly she dashed down to the cellar.

- She dashed in from the garden.

VB

2. dash
Also a noun.

- ...a 160-mile dash to hospital.

N-SING

3. dash dashes dashed
If you say that you have to dash , you mean that you are in a hurry and have to leave immediately. (INFORMAL)

- Oh, Tim! I'm sorry but I have to dash.

- See you tomorrow night. Must dash now.

VB: no cont
= rush

4. dash dashes
A dash of something is a small quantity of it which you add when you are preparing food or mixing a drink.

- Pour over olive oil and a dash of balsamic vinegar to accentuate the sweetness.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

5. dash dashes
A dash of a quality is a small amount of it that is found in something and often makes it more interesting or distinctive.

- ...a story with a dash of mystery thrown in.

- ...A fake fur collar or cuff adds a dash of glamour to even the simplest style.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

6. dash dashes dashing dashed
If you dash something somewhere, you throw or push it violently, often so hard that it breaks. (LITERARY)

- She seized the doll and dashed it against the stone wall with tremendous force.

VB

7. dash dashes dashing dashed
If an event or person dashes someone's hopes or expectations, it destroys them by making it impossible that the thing that is hoped for or expected will ever happen. (LITERARY, JOURNALISM)

- The Bank of England dashed hopes yesterday of a rush to economic recovery by warning that Britain's upturn will be slow.

- The participants will experience having their hopes and expectations raised and then dashed.

VB

8. dash
If you do something in a dash , you do it very quickly, perhaps with very bad results.

- He's in a dash to get Russia back into Europe.

- ...the dash to buy shares in internet companies.

N-SING
= rush

9. dash dashes
A dash is a short fast race. (AM)
N-COUNT
= sprint

10. dash dashes
A dash is a straight, horizontal line used in writing, for example to separate two main clauses whose meanings are closely connected.
N-COUNT

11. dash
You can say dash or dash it or dash it all when you are rather annoyed about something. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- Dash it all. It's just not playing the game, is it?

EXCLAM feelings

12. dash dashes
The dash of a car is its dashboard .
N-COUNT

13. dash
Dash is a mixture of stylishness, enthusiasm, and courage. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- The Prince was driving with great fire and dash.

N-UNCOUNT
= panache verve

14. dash
If you say that someone cuts a dash , you mean that they have an attractively stylish appearance or a rather bold manner. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- If you're determined to cut a dash in a designer dress, consider hiring one.

PHR: V inflects

15. dash
If you make a dash for a place, you run there very quickly, for example to escape from someone or something.

- I made a dash for the front door but he got there before me.

- Hand clamped over his mouth, he made a dash for the bathroom.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

dashing *

dashing
A dashing person or thing is very stylish and attractive. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He was the very model of the dashing RAF pilot.

- Two elegant Scotsmen travelling together wore dashing kilts at dinner.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

dash

verb

1.

rush

bolt

fly

hurry

race

run

speed

sprint

tear

2.

throw

cast

fling

hurl

slam

sling

3.

crash

break

destroy

shatter

smash

splinter

4.

frustrate

blight

foil

ruin

spoil

thwart

undo

noun

5.

rush

dart

race

run

sortie

sprint

spurt

6.

little

bit

drop

hint

pinch

soup¸con

sprinkling

tinge

touch

7.

style

brio

´elan

flair

flourish

panache

spirit

verve

dashing

adjective

1.

bold

debonair

gallant

lively

spirited

swashbuckling

2.

stylish

elegant

flamboyant

jaunty

showy

smart

sporty

dash off **

1. dash off dashes off; dashing off; dashed off
If you dash off to a place, you go there very quickly.

- He dashed off to lunch at the Hard Rock Cafe.

- They dashed off to Paris for a couple of days.

PHR-V

2. dash off dashes off; dashing off; dashed off
If you dash off a piece of writing, you write or compose it very quickly, without thinking about it very much.

- He dashed off a couple of novels.

PHR-V

dashboard

[D.J.:ˈdæʃbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈdæʃˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

仪表板

dashboard *

dashboard dashboards
The dashboard in a car is the panel facing the driver's seat where most of the instruments and switches are.
N-COUNT

dastardly

[D.J.:ˈdæstədli]

[K.K.:ˈdæstədli]

adj.

懦弱的,卑鄙的

dastardly

1. dastardly
If you describe an action as dastardly , you mean it is wicked and intended to hurt someone. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He described the killing as a dastardly act.

- ...a dastardly attack on the queen.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

2. dastardly
If you describe a person as dastardly , you mean they are wicked. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...the heiress who is badly treated by her dastardly uncle.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

DAT

[D.J.:dæt]

abbr.

数据文件的扩展名

Digital Audio Tape 数字录音带

DAT

[dæt]

abbr.

数据文件的扩展名

Digital Audio Tape 数字录音带

DAT *

DAT
DAT is a type of magnetic tape used to make very high quality recordings of sound by recording it in digital form. DAT is an abbreviation for `digital audio tape'.
N-UNCOUNT

data

[D.J.:ˈdeitə]

[K.K.:ˈdetə, ˈdætə, ˈdɑtə]

n.

资料, 材料

data ****

data
You can refer to information as data , especially when it is in the form of facts or statistics that you can analyse. In American English, data is usually a plural noun. In technical or formal British English, data is sometimes a plural noun, but at other times, it is an uncount noun.

- The study was based on data from 2,100 women.

- ...the latest year for which data is available...

- To cope with these data, hospitals bought large mainframe computers.

N-UNCOUNT; also N-PLURAL datum is sometimes used as the singular form of data .

data

noun

information

details

facts

figures

statistics

data bank

data bank data banks
A data bank is the same as a database .
N-COUNT also databank .

database

[D.J.:ˈdeitəbeis]

[K.K.:ˈdetəˌbes, ˈdætə-]

n.

资料库

database *

database databases
A database is a collection of data that is stored in a computer and that can easily be used and added to.

- They maintain a database of hotels that cater for businesswomen.

N-COUNT also data base .

data processing

data processing
Data processing is the series of operations that are carried out on data, especially by computers, in order to present, interpret, or obtain information.

- Taylor's company makes data-processing systems.

N-UNCOUNT also data-processing .

date

[D.J.:deit]

[K.K.:det]

n.

(注明的)日期, 日子, 年份

时代, 年代

约定, 约会

约会的对象

vt.

记载日期于

鉴定…的年代

vt. & vi.

与人约会, 相约

dated

[D.J.:ˈdeɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈdetɪd]

adj.

有日期的

陈旧的

dating

[ˈdeitiŋ]

n.

测定年龄[年代]

date ****

1. date dates
A date is a specific time that can be named, for example a particular day or a particular year.

- What's the date today?.

- You will need to give the dates you wish to stay and the number of rooms you require.

N-COUNT

2. date dates dating dated
If you date something, you give or discover the date when it was made or when it began.

- You cannot date the carving and it is difficult to date the stone itself.

- I think we can date the decline of Western Civilization quite precisely.

- Archaeologists have dated the fort to the reign of Emperor Antoninus Pius.

VB

3. date dates dating dated
When you date something such as a letter or a cheque, you write that day's date on it.

- Once the decision is reached, he can date and sign the sheet.

- The letter is dated 2 July 1993.

VB

4. date
If you want to refer to an event without saying exactly when it will happen or when it happened, you can say that it will happen or happened at some date in the future or past.

- Retain copies of all correspondence, since you may need them at a later date.

- He did leave open the possibility of direct American aid at some unspecified date in the future.

- At some date in the 1990s British oil production will probably tail off.

N-SING: with supp, at N

5. date
To date means up until the present time.

- `Dottie' is by far his best novel to date.

- She is without question the craziest person I've met to date.

- To date we have spent eight thousand pounds between us.

PHR: PHR with cl
= so far

6. date dates dating dated
If something dates , it goes out of fashion and becomes unacceptable to modern tastes.

- Blue and white is the classic colour combination for bathrooms. It always looks smart and will never date.

- This album has hardly dated at all.

VB

7. date dates dating dated
If your ideas, what you say, or the things that you like or can remember date you, they show that you are quite old or older than the people you are with.

- It's going to date me now. I attended that school in nineteen-sixty-nine to nineteen-seventy-two.

VB

8. date dates
A date is an appointment to meet someone or go out with them, especially someone with whom you are having, or may soon have, a romantic relationship.

- I have a date with Bob.

- He had made a date with a girl he had met the day before.

- I think we should make a date to go and see Gwendolen soon.

N-COUNT

9. date dates
If you have a date with someone with whom you are having, or may soon have, a romantic relationship, you can refer to that person as your date .

- He lied to Essie, saying his date was one of the girls in the show.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

10. date dates dating dated
If you are dating someone, you go out with them regularly because you are having, or may soon have, a romantic relationship with them. You can also say that two people are dating .

- For a year I dated a woman who was a research assistant.

- They've been dating for three months.

- In high school, he did not date very much.

V-RECIP

11. date dates
A date is a small, dark-brown, sticky fruit with a stone inside. Dates grow on palm trees in hot countries.
N-COUNT

dated

dated
Dated things seem old-fashioned, although they may once have been fashionable or modern.

- ...people in dated dinner-jackets.

ADJ-GRADED

dating

dating
Dating agencies or services are for people who are trying to find a girlfriend or boyfriend.

- I joined a dating agency.

- ...a TV dating show.

ADJ: ADJ n

date

noun

1.

time

age

epoch

era

period

stage

2.

appointment

assignation

engagement

meeting

rendezvous

tryst

3.

partner

escort

friend

verb

4.

put a date on

assign a date to

fix the period of

5.

become old-fashioned

be dated

show one's age

date from or date back to

6.

come from

bear a date of

belong to

exist from

originate in

dated

adjective

old-fashioned

obsolete

old hat

outdated

outmoded

out of date

pass´e

unfashionable

date back ****

date back dates back; dating back; dated back
If something dates back to a particular time, it started or was made at that time.

- The Royal Palace, which dates back to the 16th century, is undergoing extensive restoration.

- This tradition dates back over 200 years.

PHR-V

date from ****

date from dates from; dating from; dated from
If something dates from a particular time, it started or was made at that time.

- All the cupboards and appliances dated from the 1950s.

- The present controversy dates from 1986.

PHR-V

date of birth

date of birth dates of birth
Your date of birth is the exact date on which you were born, including the year.

- The registration form showed his date of birth as August 2, 1979.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

date palm

date palm date palms
A date palm is a palm tree on which dates grow.
N-COUNT

date rape

date rape
Date rape is when a man rapes a woman after having spent the evening socially with her.
N-UNCOUNT

dative

[D.J.:ˈdeitiv]

[K.K.:ˈdetɪv]

n.,adj.

与格(的)

dative

dative
In the grammar of some languages, for example Latin, the dative , or the dative case, is the case used for a noun when it is the indirect object of a verb, or when it comes after some prepositions.
N-SING: the N

daub

[D.J.:dɔ:b]

[K.K.:dɔb]

vt.

涂抹

daubing

粗抹灰泥;粗抹面;涂料;涂抹;灰泥抛毛;石面凿毛

daub

daub daubs daubing daubed
When you daub a substance such as mud or paint on something, you spread it on that thing in a rough or careless way.

- The make-up woman had been daubing mock blood on Jeremy Fox when last he'd seen her.

- They sent death threats and daubed his home with slogans.

- Children, many with their faces daubed with paint, ran among the vehicles.

VB

daub

verb

smear

coat

cover

paint

plaster

slap on informal

daughter

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:tə]

[K.K.:ˈdɔtɚ]

n.

女儿

产物, 后代

daughter *****

daughter daughters
Someone's daughter is their female child.

- ...Flora and her daughter Catherine.

- ...the daughter of a university professor...

- I have two daughters.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

daughter-in-law

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:tərɪnˌlɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈdɔtərɪnˌlɔ]

n.

儿媳妇

daughter-in-law *

daughter-in-law daughters-in-law
Someone's daughter-in-law is the wife of their son.
N-COUNT: usu poss N

daunt

[D.J.:dɔ:nt]

[K.K.:dɔnt, dɑnt]

vt.

使(某人)气馁, 威吓

daunting

adj.

使人畏缩的

daunt

1. daunt daunts daunting daunted
If something daunts you, it makes you feel slightly afraid or worried about dealing with it.

- ...a gruelling journey that would have daunted a woman half her age...

- I'm somewhat daunted by the size of the task.

VB

2. daunted

- It is hard to pick up such a book and not to feel a little daunted.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

daunting *

1. daunting
Something that is daunting makes you feel slightly afraid or worried about dealing with it.

- He and his wife Jane were faced with the daunting task of restoring the gardens to their former splendour.

- The move to Prague was a daunting prospect for the bishop.

- Occasionally I find the commitment and responsibility daunting.

ADJ-GRADED
= intimidating

2. dauntingly

- She is dauntingly articulate.

ADV-GRADED

daunting

adjective

intimidating

alarming

demoralizing

disconcerting

discouraging

disheartening

frightening

off-putting Brit. informal

unnerving

dauntless

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:ntlɪs, ˈdɑ:nt-]

[K.K.:ˈdɔntlɪs, ˈdɑnt-]

adj.

<主文>无畏的;勇敢的

dauntlessly

adv.

无畏地,勇敢地

dauntless

dauntless
A dauntless person is brave and confident and not easily frightened. (LITERARY)

- Perseverance and dauntless courage brought them to their goal.

ADJ
= resolute

dauntless

adjective

fearless

bold

doughty

gallant

indomitable

intrepid

resolute

stouthearted

undaunted

unflinching

dauphin

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:fin]

[K.K.:ˈdɔfɪn]

n.

法国皇太子的称号(用于1349年至1830年间)

dauphin

dauphin
In former times, the king and queen of France's oldest son was called the dauphin .
N-SING: the N also Dauphin .

dawdle

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:dl]

[K.K.:ˈdɔdl..]

vt. & vi.

混(时间)

dawdling

[ˈdɔ:dliŋ]

adj.

闲逛的,懒散的

dawdle

1. dawdle dawdles dawdling dawdled
If you dawdle , you spend more time than is necessary going somewhere.

- Eleanor will be back any moment, if she doesn't dawdle.

- They dawdled arm in arm past the shopfronts.

VB

2. dawdle dawdles dawdling dawdled
If you dawdle over something, you spend more time than is necessary doing something.

- He got fed up as bank staff dawdled over cashing him a cheque.

- She downed two glasses of white wine while I dawdled over a draught beer.

VB

dawdle

verb

waste time

dally

delay

drag one's feet or heels

hang about

idle

loaf

loiter

trail

dawn

[D.J.:dɔ:n]

[K.K.:dɔn]

n.

黎明, 拂晓

开端, 萌芽

vi.

破晓; (天)刚亮

开始出现

dawning

[ˈdɔ:niŋ]

n.

拂晓, 黎明

开端, 端倪

dawn **

1. dawn dawns
Dawn is the time of day when light first appears in the sky, just before the sun rises.

- Nancy woke at dawn.

N-VAR
= sunrise daybreak

2. dawn
The dawn of a period of time or a situation is the beginning of it. (LITERARY)

- We can only guess what went through the mind of a man who could look back to the dawn of powered flight.

- ...the dawn of the radio age.

N-SING: usu the N of n

3. dawn dawns dawning dawned
If something is dawning , it is beginning to develop or come into existence. (WRITTEN)

- Throughout Europe a new railway age, that of the high-speed train, has dawned.

- A new era seemed to be about to dawn for the coach and his young team.

- Now there is a dawning realisation that drastic action is necessary.

VB

4. dawning

- ...the dawning of the space age...

- Tettlinger uncovered his eyes in the first dawning of hope.

N-SING: oft the N of n

5. dawn dawns dawning dawned
When you say that a particular day dawned , you mean it arrived or began, usually when it became light. (WRITTEN)

- When the great day dawned, the inevitable first concern was the weather.

- The next day dawned sombre and gloomy.

VB

dawn

noun

1.

daybreak

aurora poetic

cockcrow

crack of dawn

daylight

morning

sunrise

sunup

2.

beginning

advent

birth

emergence

genesis

origin

rise

start

verb

3.

grow light

break

brighten

lighten

4.

begin

appear

develop

emerge

originate

rise

unfold

dawn on or upon

5.

hit

become apparent

come into one's head

come to mind

occur

register informal

strike

dawn on, dawn upon **

dawn on dawns on; dawning on; dawned on
If a fact or idea dawns on you, you realize it.

- It gradually dawned on me that I still had talent and ought to run again.

- Then the chilling truth dawned on Captain Gary Snavely.

PHR-V

dawn chorus

dawn chorus
The dawn chorus is the singing of birds at dawn. (BRIT)
N-SING

dawn raid

1. dawn raid dawn raids
If police officers carry out a dawn raid , they go to someone's house very early in the morning to search it or arrest them.

- Thousands of pounds worth of drugs were seized in dawn raids yesterday.

N-COUNT

2. dawn raid dawn raids
If soldiers carry out a dawn raid , they attack enemy soldiers very early in the morning.
N-COUNT

3. dawn raid dawn raids
If a person or company carries out a dawn raid , they try to buy a large number of a company's shares at the start of a day's trading, especially because they want to buy the whole company.

- Southern acquired 11.2 per cent of Sweb in a dawn raid on Monday.

N-COUNT

day

[D.J.:dei]

[K.K.:de]

n.

一天, 一日

白天, 白昼

时期, 时代; 寿命

days

[D.J.:deɪz]

[K.K.:dez]

n.

天,时期

adv.

每天,在白天

day *****

1. day days
A day is one of the seven twenty-four hour periods of time in a week.
N-COUNT

2. day days
Day is the time when it is light, or the time when you are up and doing things.

- The weather did not help; hot by day, cold at night.

- 27 million working days are lost each year due to work accidents and sickness.

- He arranged for me to go down to London one day a week.

- The snack bar is open during the day.

N-VAR
≠ night

3. day days
You can refer to a particular period in history as a particular day or as particular days .

- He began to talk about the Ukraine of his uncle's day.

- Did you learn anything in your day, as a student?

- ...his early days of struggle and deep poverty...

- She is doing just fine these days.

N-COUNT: with supp

4. day
If something happens day after day , it happens every day without stopping.

- The newspaper job had me doing the same thing day after day.

PHR

5. day
In this day and age means in modern times.

- Even in this day and age the old attitudes persist.

PHR

6. day
If you say that something has seen better days , you mean that it is old and in poor condition.

- The tweed jacket she wore had seen better days.

PHR: V inflects

7. day
If you call it a day , you decide to stop what you are doing because you are tired of it or because it is not successful.

- Faced with mounting debts, the decision to call it a day was inevitable.

- I want the manager's job when he calls it a day.

PHR: V inflects

8. day
If someone carries the day , they are the winner in a contest such as a battle, debate, or sporting competition. (JOURNALISM)

- For the time being, those in favour of the liberalisation measures seem to have carried the day.

PHR: V inflects

9. day
If you say that something has had its day , you mean that the period during which it was most successful or popular has now passed.

- Beat music may finally have had its day.

- Interior decoration by careful co-ordination seems to have had its day.

PHR: V inflects

10. day
If something makes your day , it makes you feel very happy. (INFORMAL)

- Come on, Bill. Send Tom a card and make his day.

- It was a joy to see. It really made my day.

PHR: V inflects

11. day
If something happens day and night or night and day , it happens all the time without stopping.

- Chantal kept a fire burning night and day.

- He would have a nurse in constant attendance day and night.

PHR

12. day
One day or some day or one of these days means at some time in the future.

- I too dreamed of living in London one day.

- I hope some day you will find the woman who will make you happy.

- One of these days we will get lucky.

PHR: PHR with cl

13. day
If you say that something happened the other day , you mean that it happened a few days ago.

- I phoned your office the other day.

- We had lunch the other day at our favorite restaurant.

PHR: PHR with cl
= a few days ago

14. day
If someone or something saves the day in a situation which seems likely to fail, they manage to make it successful.

- ...this story about how he saved the day at his daughter's birthday party...

- A last moment election can save the day.

PHR: V inflects

15. day
If something happens from day to day or day by day , it happens each day.

- Your needs can differ from day to day.

- I live for the moment, day by day, not for the past.

PHR

16. day
If it is a month or a year to the day since a particular thing happened, it is exactly a month or a year since it happened.

- It was January 19, a year to the day since he had arrived in Singapore.

- Twenty-five years ago, to the day, England reached the sport's pinnacle by winning the World Cup.

PHR: amount PHR

17. day
To this day means up until and including the present time.

- To this day young Zulu boys practise fighting.

PHR: PHR with cl

18. day
If a particular person, group, or thing wins the day , they win a battle, struggle, or competition. If they lose the day , they are defeated. (mainly JOURNALISM)

- His determination, his refusal to back down, and possibly his sincerity had won the day.

- Few in Westminster doubt that the government will win the day.

PHR: V inflects

19. day
If you say that a task is all in a day's work for someone, you mean that they do not mind doing it although it may be difficult, because it is part of their job or because they often do it.

- For war reporters, dodging snipers' bullets is all in a day's work.

- I said: `How can I ever thank you?' but he waved the question aside. `It's all in a day's work.'

PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft PHR for n

day

noun

1.

twenty-four hours

daylight

daytime

2.

point in time

date

time

3.

time

age

epoch

era

heyday

period

zenith

-day

-day
You use -day with a number to indicate how long something lasts.

- The Sudanese leader has left for a two-day visit to Zambia.

COMB in ADJ

daybreak

[D.J.:ˈdeɪˌbreɪk]

[K.K.:ˈdeˌbrek]

n.

拂晓, 黎明

daybreak

daybreak
Daybreak is the time in the morning when light first appears.

- It was six-thirty, almost daybreak.

- Pedro got up every morning before daybreak.

N-UNCOUNT
= dawn

daybreak

noun

dawn

break of day

cockcrow

crack of dawn

first light

morning

sunrise

sunup

day care *

day care
Day care is care that is provided during the day for people who cannot look after themselves, such as small children, old people, or people who are ill. Day care is provided by paid workers.

- Day care enables women to get involved in other activities.

- ...a day-care centre for elderly people.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

daydream

[D.J.:ˈdeɪˌdri:m]

[K.K.:ˈdeˌdrim]

n.

白日梦

vi.

想入非非, 空想

daydream *

1. daydream daydreams daydreaming daydreamed
If you daydream , you think about pleasant things for a period of time, usually about things that you would like to happen.

- Do you work hard for success rather than daydream about it?.

- He daydreams of being a famous journalist.

- I am inclined to daydream.

VB also day-dream .

2. daydream daydreams
A daydream is a series of pleasant thoughts, usually about things that you would like to happen.

- He learnt to escape into daydreams of handsome men and beautiful women.

- The idea for the story came to him in a daydream.

N-COUNT also day-dream .

daydream

noun

1.

fantasy

dream

fancy

imagining

pipe dream

reverie

wish

verb

2.

fantasize

dream

envision

fancy

imagine

muse

Day-Glo

Day-Glo
Day-Glo colours are shades of orange, pink, green, and yellow which are so bright that they seem to glow. (TRADEMARK)
N-UNCOUNT: usu N n also Dayglo .

day job

day job
If someone tells you not to give up the day job , they are saying that they think you should continue doing what you are good at, rather than trying something new which they think you will fail at. (HUMOROUS)

- It's a kind way of telling aspiring novelists, `Don't give up the day job'.

PHR: V inflects

daylight

[D.J.:ˈdeilait]

[K.K.:ˈdeˌlaɪt]

n.

日光, 白昼

daylight **

1. daylight
Daylight is the natural light that there is during the day, before it gets dark.

- It was still daylight but all the cars had their headlights on.

- Lack of daylight can make people feel depressed.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ night

2. daylight
Daylight is the time of day when it begins to get light.

- Quinn returned shortly after daylight yesterday morning.

N-UNCOUNT
= dawn

3. daylight
If you say that a crime is committed in broad daylight , you are expressing your surprise that it is done during the day when people can see it, rather than at night.

- A girl was attacked on a train in broad daylight.

- The recent murder happened in broad daylight in a supposedly `safe' part of London.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

daylight

noun

sunlight

light of day

sunshine

daylight robbery

daylight robbery
If someone charges you a great deal of money for something and you think this is unfair or unreasonable, you can refer to this as daylight robbery . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- `Daylight robbery -- that's what it is,' she would declare.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

daylights

n.

生命,理智

daylights

1. daylights
If you knock the living daylights out of someone, or beat the living daylights out of them, you hit them very hard many times. (INFORMAL)

- Go on lads, beat the living daylights out of them!

PHR: V inflects

2. daylights
If someone or something scares the living daylights out of you, they make you feel extremely scared. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects

daylight saving time

daylight saving time
Daylight saving time is a period of time in the summer when the clocks are set one hour forward, so that people can have extra light in the evening. (AM; in BRIT use British summer time )
N-UNCOUNT

daylong

[D.J.:ˈdeilɔŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdeˈlɔŋ, -ˈlɑŋ]

adj.

终日的,整天的

adv.

终日,一整天

daylong

daylong
Daylong is used to describe an event or activity that lasts for the whole of one day. (mainly AM)

- After a daylong meeting the governor fired them both.

ADJ: ADJ n

day nursery

day nursery day nurseries
A day nursery is a place where children who are too young to go to school can be left all day while their parents are at work.
N-COUNT
= crèche

day off *

day off days off
A day off is a day when you do not go to work, even though it is usually a working day.

- It was Mrs Dearden's day off, and Paul was on duty in her place.

N-COUNT

day of reckoning

day of reckoning
If someone talks about the day of reckoning , they mean a day or time in the future when people will be forced to deal with an unpleasant situation which they have avoided until now.

- You can't ignore the day of reckoning -- these issues have to be dealt with.

N-SING: usu the N

day one

day one
If something happens from day one of a process, it happens right from the beginning. If it happens on day one , it happens right at the beginning.

- This has been a bad inquiry from day one.

- On day one of the election campaign the National and Liberal Party leaders were neck and neck.

N-SING

day release

day release
Day release is a system in which workers spend one day each week at a college in order to study a subject connected with their work. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT also day-release .

day return

day return day returns
A day return is a train or bus ticket which allows you to go somewhere and come back on the same day for a lower price than an ordinary return ticket. (BRIT; in AM use round trip ticket )
N-COUNT

day room

day room day rooms
A day room is a room in a hospital where patients can sit and relax during the day.
N-COUNT

day school

day school day schools
A day school is a school where the students go home every evening and do not live at the school. Compare boarding school .
N-COUNT

daytime

[D.J.:ˈdeɪˌtaɪm]

[K.K.:ˈdeˌtaɪm]

n.

白天, 日间

daytime *

1. daytime
The daytime is the part of a day between the time when it gets light and the time when it gets dark.

- In the daytime he stayed up in his room, sleeping, or listening to music.

- Please give a daytime telephone number, if possible.

- Even at the end of the war, German factories mainly operated only in daytime.

N-SING: the N, also no det
≠ night-time

2. daytime
Daytime television and radio is broadcast during the morning and afternoon on week days.

- ...ITV's new package of daytime programmes.

ADJ: ADJ n

day-to-day

[D.J.:ˈdeɪtəˈdeɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdetəˈde]

adj.

日常的,逐日的

day-to-day **

day-to-day
Day-to-day things or activities exist or happen every day as part of ordinary life.

- I am a vegetarian and use a lot of lentils in my day-to-day cooking.

ADJ: ADJ n

day trader

1. day trader day traders
On the stock market, day traders are traders who buy and sell particular securities on the same day.
N-COUNT

2. day trading

- They asked that he return to day trading.

N-UNCOUNT

day trip *

day trip day trips
A day trip is a journey to a place and back again on the same day, usually for pleasure.
N-COUNT also day-trip .

day-tripper

[D.J.:ˈdeiˌtripə]

[K.K.:ˈdeˌtrɪpɚ]

n.

当天结束旅程的旅客

day-tripper

day-tripper day-trippers
A day-tripper is someone who goes on a day trip. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also day tripper .

daze

[D.J.:deɪz]

[K.K.:dez]

vt.

使(某人)迷乱而不能做出正确反应;使茫然

使(某人)惊奇与迷惑

daze

daze
If someone is in a daze , they are feeling confused and unable to think clearly, often because they have had a shock or surprise.

- For 35 minutes I was walking around in a daze.

N-SING: oft in a N

daze

verb

1.

stun

benumb

numb

paralyse

shock

stupefy

noun

2.

shock

bewilderment

confusion

distraction

stupor

trance

trancelike state

dazed

[D.J.:deɪzd]

[K.K.:dezd]

adj.

晕眩的;茫然的

dazed *

dazed
If someone is dazed , they are confused and unable to think clearly, often because of shock or a blow to the head.

- At the end of the interview I was dazed and exhausted.

ADJ-GRADED
= confused

dazed

adjective

shocked

bewildered

confused

disorientated

dizzy

muddled

punch-drunk

staggered

stunned

dazzle

[D.J.:ˈdæzl]

[K.K.:ˈdæzəl]

vt.

使目眩

使惊异不已

dazzling

[D.J.:ˈdæzlɪŋ]

adj.

晃眼睛的; 光彩夺目的

dazzlingly

adv.

灿烂地,耀眼地

dazzle *

1. dazzle dazzles dazzling dazzled
If someone or something dazzles you, you are extremely impressed by their skill, qualities, or beauty.

- George dazzled her with his knowledge of the world.

- Historical novels tend to dazzle in a way that appeals particularly to women.

VB

2. dazzle
The dazzle of something is a quality it has, such as beauty or skill, which is impressive and attractive.

- The dazzle of stardom and status attracts them.

N-SING: with poss

3. dazzle dazzles dazzling dazzled
If a bright light dazzles you, it makes you unable to see properly for a short time.

- The sun, glinting from the pool, dazzled me.

- Kelly was dazzled by the lights.

VB

4. dazzle
The dazzle of a light is its brightness, which makes it impossible for you to see properly for a short time.

- The sun's dazzle on the water hurts my eyes.

- ...a filter that can cut dazzle.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

dazzling *

1. dazzling
Something that is dazzling is very impressive or beautiful.

- He gave Alberg a dazzling smile.

ADJ-GRADED
= stunning

2. dazzlingly

- The view was dazzlingly beautiful.

ADV-GRADED

3. dazzling
A dazzling light is very bright and makes you unable to see properly for a short time.

- He shielded his eyes against the dazzling declining sun.

ADJ

4. dazzlingly

- The loading bay seemed dazzlingly bright.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj

dazzle

verb

1.

impress

amaze

astonish

bowl over informal

overpower

overwhelm

take one's breath away

2.

blind

bedazzle

blur

confuse

daze

noun

3.

splendour

brilliance

glitter

magnificence

razzmatazz slang

sparkle

dazzling

adjective

splendid

brilliant

glittering

glorious

scintillating

sensational informal

sparkling

stunning

virtuoso

DC

n.

直流电

DC *

DC
DC is used to refer to an electric current that always flows in the same direction. DC is an abbreviation for `direct current'.
N-UNCOUNT

D-day

D-day
You can use D-day to refer to the day that is chosen for the beginning of an important activity.

- D-day for my departure was set for 29th June.

N-UNCOUNT

DDT

[D.J.:ˌdi:di:ˈti:]

[K.K.:ˌdidiˈti]

n.

滴滴涕

DDT

DDT
DDT is a poisonous substance which is used for killing insects.
N-UNCOUNT

de-

剥夺,分离

de-

1. de-
De- is added to a verb in order to change the meaning of the verb to its opposite.

- The jury may have become desensitized to the video and its brutality after seeing it dozens of times.

- The need to cleanse herself, to somehow decontaminate her body was compulsive.

PREFIX

2. de-
De- is added to a noun in order to make it a verb referring to the removal of the thing described by the noun.

- I've defrosted the freezer.

- The fires are likely to permanently deforest the land.

PREFIX

deacon

[D.J.:ˈdi:kən]

[K.K.:ˈdikən]

n.

执事

deacon *

1. deacon deacons
A deacon is a member of the clergy, for example in the Church of England, who is lower in rank than a priest.
N-COUNT

2. deacon deacons
A deacon is a person who is not ordained but who assists the minister in some Protestant churches.
N-COUNT

deactivate

[D.J.:di:ˈæktiveit]

[K.K.:diˈæktəˌvet]

vt.

解除动员,使无效,复员,使不活动

deactivated

去活化;使不活动;使失效

deactivate

deactivate deactivates deactivating deactivated
If someone deactivates an explosive device or an alarm, they make it harmless or impossible to operate.

- Russia is deactivating some of its deadliest missiles.

VB
= disable

dead

[D.J.:ded]

[K.K.:dɛd]

adj.

死去的, 已故的

无感觉的; 麻木的

adv.

完全地, 绝对地, 彻底地

dead ****

1. dead
A person, animal, or plant that is dead is no longer living.

- `You're a widow?' --- `Yes. My husband's been dead a year now.'.

- The group had shot dead another hostage.

- ...their dead brother.

- ...old newspapers and dead flowers.

ADJ
≠ alive

2. dead
The dead are people who are dead.

- The dead included six people attending a religious ceremony.

- ...the annual festival when Chinese traditionally honour the dead.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. dead
Land or water that is dead contains no living things.

- ...charred land, mountainsides of dead earth and stumps of trees...

- But this water seems dead: it's polluted and horribly stagnant.

ADJ

4. dead
If you describe a place or a period of time as dead , you do not like it because there is very little activity taking place in it.

- ...some dead little town where the liveliest thing is the flies...

- This made that holiday week a particularly dead period.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= quiet

5. dead
Something that is dead is no longer being used or is finished.

- The dead cigarette was still between his fingers.

- This bottle's dead. But we've got another one.

ADJ
= finished

6. dead
If you say that an idea, plan, or subject is dead , you mean that people are no longer interested in it or willing to develop it any further.

- It's a dead issue, Baxter.

- But that doesn't mean this brand of politics is dead or dying.

- The deal with Chelsea may not, however, be dead.

ADJ

7. dead
A dead language is no longer spoken or written as a means of communication, although it may still be studied.

- We used to grumble that we were wasting time learning a dead language.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

8. dead
A telephone or piece of electrical equipment that is dead is no longer functioning, for example because it no longer has any electrical power.

- On another occasion I answered the phone and the line went dead.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

9. dead
In sport, when a ball is dead , it has gone outside the playing area, or a situation has occurred in which the game has to be temporarily stopped, and none of the players can score points or gain an advantage. (JOURNALISM)
ADJ

10. dead
A dead sound or colour is dull rather than lively or bright.

- `That is correct, Meg,' he answered in his cold, dead voice.

- Then he heard a piercing scream echoing down the deep well, ending in a dull, dead thud.

ADJ-GRADED

11. dead
Also a combining form.

- The blood drained from his face, leaving the skin dead white.

COMB in COLOUR

12. dead
Dead is used to mean `complete' or `absolute', especially before the words `centre', `silence', and `stop'.

- He adjusted each chesspiece so that it stood dead centre in its square.

- They hurried about in dead silence, with anxious faces.

- Lila's boat came to a dead stop.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

13. dead
Dead means `precisely' or `exactly'.

- Mars was visible, dead in the centre of the telescope.

- Their arrows are dead on target.

- A fishing boat came out of nowhere, dead ahead.

ADV: ADV prep/adv/adj emphasis

14. dead
Dead is sometimes used to mean `very'. (BRIT, INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- Meadowhall is also dead easy for people to get to.

- His poems sound dead boring, actually.

- I am dead against the legalisation of drugs.

ADV: ADV adj/adv/prep emphasis

15. dead
If you reply ` Over my dead body ' when a plan or action has been suggested, you are emphasizing that you dislike it, and will do everything you can to prevent it. (INFORMAL)

- `Let's invite her to dinner.' --- `Over my dead body!'

CONVENTION emphasis

16. dead
If you say that something such as an idea or situation is dead and buried , you are emphasizing that you think that it is completely finished or past, and cannot happen or exist again in the future.

- I thought the whole business was dead and buried.

- In two years, the British coal industry will be dead and buried.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

17. dead
If you say that a person or animal dropped dead or dropped down dead , you mean that they died very suddenly and unexpectedly.

- He dropped dead on the quayside.

PHR: V inflects

18. dead
If you tell someone to drop dead , you are insulting them, rudely disagreeing with them, or refusing to do something, or telling them to stop bothering you.

- 75% of the firms he called were hostile and told him to `drop dead.'

PHR disapproval
See also drop-dead .

19. dead
If you say that someone is dead and gone , you are emphasizing that they are dead, and thinking about what happened or will happen after their death.

- Often a genius is recognized only after he is dead and gone.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

20. dead
If you say that you feel dead or are half dead , you mean that you feel very tired or ill and very weak. (INFORMAL)

- I thought you looked half dead at dinner, and who could blame you after that journey.

- I feel pretty dead right now.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

21. dead
If something happens in the dead of night , at dead of night , or in the dead of winter , it happens in the middle part of the night or the winter, when it is darkest or coldest. (LITERARY)

- I couldn't fly illegally into a country in the dead of night.

- We buried it in the garden at dead of night.

- Early one Thursday morning in the dead of winter I awoke to a blizzard.

PHR

22. dead
When Christians say that Jesus Christ rose from the dead or raised someone from the dead , they mean that Jesus came back to life after he had died, or brought a dead person back to life.
PHR: V inflects

23. dead
If you say that someone or something rises or comes back from the dead , you mean that they become active or successful again after being inactive for a while.

- This was a company that, by all appearances, had risen from the dead.

- Faldo came back from the dead to win his third Open golf championship.

PHR: V inflects

24. dead
If you say that you wouldn't be seen dead or be caught dead in particular clothes, places, or situations, you are expressing strong dislike or disapproval for them. (INFORMAL)

- I wouldn't be seen dead in a straw hat.

- ...men who wouldn't be seen dead pushing a pram...

- I wouldn't be caught dead in such an old-fashioned place.

PHR: PHR prep, PHR -ing emphasis

25. dead
To stop dead means to suddenly stop happening or moving. To stop someone or something dead means to cause them to suddenly stop happening or moving.

- We all stopped dead and looked at it.

- She had meant to make a discreet entrance, but conversation stopped dead.

- The sight of it stopped them dead.

PHR: V inflects

26. dead
If you say that someone or something is dead in the water , you are emphasizing that they have failed, and that there is little hope of them being successful in the future.

- A `no' vote would have left the treaty dead in the water.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

dead

adjective

1.

deceased

defunct

departed

extinct

late

passed away

perished

2.

not working

inactive

inoperative

stagnant

unemployed

useless

3.

numb

inert

paralysed

4.

total

absolute

complete

outright

thorough

unqualified

utter

5.

exhausted

dead beat informal

spent

tired

worn out

6.

boring

dull

flat

uninteresting

noun

7.

middle

depth

midst

adverb

8.

exactly

absolutely

completely

directly

entirely

totally

deadbeat

n.

〈俗〉赖债不还的人,游手好闲者

deadbeat

deadbeat deadbeats
If you refer to someone as a deadbeat , you are criticizing them because you think they are lazy and do not want to be part of ordinary society. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

dead-beat

[D.J.:ˈdedbi:t]

[K.K.:ˈdɛdˌbit]

n.

流浪汉

dead-beat

dead-beat
If you are dead-beat , you are very tired and have no energy left. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ also dead beat .
= shattered

dead duck

dead duck dead ducks
If you describe someone or something as a dead duck , you are emphasizing that you think they have absolutely no chance of succeeding. (INFORMAL)

- The government is a dead duck.

N-COUNT emphasis
= no-hoper

deaden

[D.J.:ˈdedn]

[K.K.:ˈdɛdn..]

vt.

抑制 (感情);缓和 (疼痛)

减弱 (声音)

deadened

[ˈdedənd]

adj.

污染不能起汞齐作用的

deadening

[D.J.:ˈdedəniŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdɛdnɪŋ]

n.

隔音材料

deaden

deaden deadens deadening deadened
If something deadens a feeling or a sound, it makes it less strong or loud.

- He needs morphine to deaden the pain in his chest.

- They managed to deaden the sound on TV every time the alleged victim's name was spoken.

VB
= reduce

deadening

deadening
A deadening situation destroys people's enthusiasm and imagination.

- She soon became bored with what she felt was the deadening routine of her life.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

deaden

verb Informal

reduce

alleviate

blunt

cushion

diminish

dull

lessen

muffle

smother

stifle

suppress

weaken

dead end *

1. dead end dead ends
If a street is a dead end , there is no way out at one end of it.
N-COUNT
= cul-de-sac

2. dead end dead ends
A dead end job or course of action is one that you think is bad because it does not lead to further developments or progress.

- Waitressing was a dead-end job.

N-COUNT: oft N n

dead hand

dead hand
You can refer to something which has a bad or depressing influence on a particular situation as a dead hand . (mainly BRIT)

- To promote new investment the dead hand of state control must be lifted.

N-SING: usu the N of n

dead-head

1. dead-head dead-heads dead-heading dead-headed
To dead-head a plant which is flowering means to remove all the dead flowers from it. (BRIT)

- Dead-head roses as the blooms fade.

VB also deadhead .

2. dead-head dead-heads
If you say that someone is a deadhead , you mean that they are stupid or slow. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also deadhead .

dead heat

dead heat dead heats
If a race or contest is a dead heat , two or more competitors are joint winners, or are both winning at a particular moment in the race or contest. In American English, you can say that a race or contest is in a dead heat .

- The French St Leger ended in a dead heat between two English horses at Longchamp.

- A national poll shows the presidential race in a dead heat.

N-COUNT

dead letter

dead letter dead letters
If you say that a law or agreement is a dead letter , you mean that it still exists but people ignore it.

- No one does anything about it and the law becomes a dead letter.

N-COUNT

deadline

[D.J.:ˈdedlain]

[K.K.:ˈdɛdˌlaɪn]

n.

最后期限

deadline ***

deadline deadlines
A deadline is a time or date before which a particular task must be finished or a particular thing must be done.

- We were not able to meet the deadline because of manufacturing delays.

- The deadline for submissions to the competition will be Easter 1994.

- The remaining `New Age' travellers left Kerry just 30 minutes before the deadline set for their eviction.

N-COUNT: oft N for n/-ing

deadline

noun

time limit

cutoff point

limit

target date

deadlock

[D.J.:ˈdedlɔk]

[K.K.:ˈdɛdˌlɑk]

n.

僵局

deadlock *

deadlock deadlocks
If a dispute or series of negotiations reaches deadlock , neither side is willing to give in at all and no agreement can be made.

- They called for a compromise on all sides to break the deadlock in the world trade talks.

- Peace talks between the two sides ended in deadlock last month.

N-VAR
= impasse

deadlock

noun

impasse

dead heat

draw

gridlock

stalemate

standoff

standstill

tie

deadlocked *

deadlocked
If a dispute or series of negotiations is deadlocked , no agreement can be reached because neither side will give in at all. You can also say that the people involved are deadlocked .

- The peace talks have been deadlocked over the issue of human rights since August.

- But after nearly a week of deliberations, the jury remained deadlocked.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ over n

deadlocked

adjective

even

equal

level

neck and neck

deadly

[D.J.:ˈdedli]

[K.K.:ˈdɛdli]

adj.

致死的, 致命的

充满仇恨的

极端的, 非常的

deadly **

1. deadly deadlier deadliest
If something is deadly , it is likely or able to cause someone's death, or has already caused someone's death.

- He was acquitted on charges of assault with a deadly weapon.

- ...a deadly disease currently affecting dolphins...

- Passive smoking can be deadly too.

- The authorities are looking into last week's deadly gas explosions.

ADJ-GRADED
= lethal fatal

2. deadly deadlier deadliest
If you describe a person or their behaviour as deadly , you mean that they will do or say anything to get what they want, without caring about other people.

- His mother's voice was one he knew; ice cold and deadly.

- The Duchess levelled a deadly look at Nikko.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= menacing

3. deadly
If you describe someone or something as deadly , you mean that you think they are very dull and boring. (INFORMAL)

- She finds these parties deadly.

ADJ
= boring

4. deadly
You can use deadly to emphasize that something has a particular quality, especially an unpleasant or undesirable quality.

- Broadcast news was accurate and reliable but deadly dull.

- The north wind was bitter and deadly cold.

- The United States had been deadly serious in its threat of military action.

ADV: ADV adj emphasis
= dreadfully

5. deadly deadlier deadliest
A deadly situation has unpleasant or dangerous consequences.

- ...the deadly combination of low expectations and low achievement...

- It is here that most students fall into a subtle and deadly trap.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

6. deadly deadlier deadliest
Deadly enemies or rivals fight or compete with each other in a very aggressive way.

- The two became deadly enemies.

- That would make the competition between rival suppliers even deadlier.

ADJ-GRADED

7. deadly deadlier deadliest
In sport, deadly players and actions are extremely skilful and successful. (JOURNALISM)

- ...the fastest and deadliest bowlers in world cricket today.

ADJ-GRADED

deadly

adjective

1.

lethal

dangerous

death-dealing

deathly

fatal

malignant

mortal

2.

boring

dull

mind-numbing

monotonous

tedious

tiresome

uninteresting

wearisome

dead meat

dead meat
If you say that someone is dead meat , you mean that they are in very serious trouble that may result in them being hurt or injured in some way. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)
N-UNCOUNT

deadpan

[D.J.:ˈdedpæn]

[K.K.:ˈdɛdˌpæn]

n.

〈俚〉无表情的脸

deadpan

deadpan
Deadpan humour is when you appear to be serious and are hiding the fact that you are joking or teasing someone.

- ...her natural capacity for irony and deadpan humour...

- She put the letter on the desk in front of me, her face deadpan, not a flicker of a smile.

ADJ-GRADED

deadpan

adjective Informal

expressionless

blank

impassive

inexpressive

inscrutable

poker-faced

straight-faced

dead weight

1. dead weight dead weights
A dead weight is a load which is surprisingly heavy and difficult to lift.

- He hoisted the dead weight over his shoulder.

N-COUNT

2. dead weight dead weights
You can refer to something that makes change or progress difficult as a dead weight .

- ...the dead weight of post-modernist tradition.

N-COUNT: usu sing

dead wood

dead wood
People or things that have been used for a very long time and that are no longer considered to be useful can be referred to as dead wood .

- ...the idea that historical linguistics is so much dead wood.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

deaf

[D.J.:def]

[K.K.:dɛf]

adj.

聋的

不愿听的, 装聋的

deafness

[D.J.:ˈdefnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈd ɛfnɪs]

n.

聋

deaf **

1. deaf deafer deafest
Someone who is deaf is unable to hear anything or is unable to hear very well.

- She is now profoundly deaf.

ADJ-GRADED

2. deaf
The deaf are people who are deaf.

- Many regular TV programs are captioned for the deaf.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. deafness

- Because of her deafness she was hard to make conversation with.

N-UNCOUNT

4. deaf
If you say that someone is deaf to people's requests, arguments, or criticisms, you are criticizing them because they refuse to pay attention to them.

- The provincial assembly were deaf to all pleas for financial help.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n disapproval
= impervious

deaf

adjective

1.

hard of hearing

stone deaf

without hearing

2.

oblivious

indifferent

unconcerned

unhearing

unmoved

deafen

[D.J.:ˈdefən]

[K.K.:ˈdɛfən]

vt.

使聋

deafening

adj.

震耳欲聋的

deafening

[D.J.:ˈdefənɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdɛfənɪŋ]

adj.

震耳欲聋的;极喧闹的

n.

隔音

deafen *

1. deafen deafens deafening deafened
If a noise deafens you, it is so loud that you cannot hear anything else at the same time.

- The noise of the typewriters deafened her.

VB

2. deafen deafens deafening deafened
If you are deafened by something, you are made deaf by it, or are unable to hear for some time.

- He was deafened by the noise from the gun.

VB: usu passive

deafening *

1. deafening
A deafening noise is a very loud noise.

- ...the deafening roar of fighter jets taking off.

ADJ-GRADED

2. deafening
If you say there was a deafening silence, you are emphasizing that there was no reaction or response to something that was said or done.

- What was truly despicable was the deafening silence maintained by the candidates concerning the riots.

ADJ emphasis

deafen

verb

make deaf

din

drown out

split or burst the eardrums

deafening

adjective

ear-piercing

booming

ear-splitting

overpowering

piercing

resounding

ringing

thunderous

deaf-mute

[D.J.:ˈdefˈmju:t]

[K.K.:ˈdɛfˌmjut]

n.

聋哑者

adj.

聋哑的

deaf-mute

deaf-mute deaf-mutes
A deaf-mute is someone who cannot hear or speak. This word could cause offence.
N-COUNT

deal

[D.J.:di:l]

[K.K.:dil]

vt.

分给, 分配

n.

交易, 协议

许多

dealing

[ˈdi:liŋ]

n.

行为,交易

dealt

[D.J.:delt]

[K.K.:dɛlt]

deal的过去式和过去分词

deal 1 quantifier uses ***

1. deal
If you say that you need or have a great deal of or a good deal of a particular thing, you are emphasizing that you need or have a lot of it.

- ...a great deal of money...

- I am in a position to save you a good deal of time.

QUANT: QUANT of n-uncount/def-n emphasis

2. deal
Also an adverb.

- As a relationship becomes more established, it also becomes a good deal more complex.

- He depended a great deal on his wife for support.

ADV: ADV compar, ADV after v

3. deal
Also a pronoun.

- Although he had never met Geoffrey Hardcastle, he knew a good deal about him.

PRON

4. deal
A deal of something is a lot of it. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He had a deal of work to do.

QUANT: QUANT of n-uncount

deal 2 verb and noun uses *****

1. deal deals
If you make a deal or do a deal , you complete an agreement or an arrangement with someone, especially in business.

- Japan will have to do a deal with America on rice imports.

- The two sides tried and failed to come to a deal.

- He was involved in shady business deals.

- You're not going to get out of here unless we make a deal.

N-COUNT

2. deal deals dealing dealt
If a person, company, or shop deals in a particular type of goods, their business involves buying or selling those goods.

- They deal in antiques.

- ...the rights of our citizens to hold and to deal in foreign currency.

VB

3. deal deals dealing dealt
If someone deals illegal drugs, they sell them.

- I certainly don't deal drugs.

VB

4. dealing

- ...his involvement in drug dealing and illegal money laundering.

N-UNCOUNT: oft n N

5. deal deals
If someone has had a bad deal , they have been unfortunate or have been treated unfairly.

- The people of Liverpool have had a bad deal for many, many years.

N-COUNT: adj N

6. deal deals dealing dealt
If you deal playing cards, you give them out to the players in a game of cards.

- The croupier dealt each player a card, face down.

- He once dealt cards in an illegal gambling joint .

VB

7. deal out deals out; dealing out; dealt out
Deal out means the same as deal .

- Dalton dealt out five cards to each player.

PHR-V

8. deal
If an event deals a blow to something or someone, it causes them great difficulties or makes failure more likely. (JOURNALISM)

- The summer drought has dealt a heavy blow to the government's economic record.

- The French were dealt another blow yesterday when Serge Viars withdrew from the squad.

PHR: V inflects

deal out *****

deal out deals out; dealing out; dealt out
If someone deals out a punishment or harmful action, they punish or harm someone. (WRITTEN)

- ...a failure by the governments of established states to deal out effective punishment to aggressors.

- ...the tale of a woman who refuses to accept the injustice dealt out to her husband.

PHR-V
See also deal 5.

dealt

Dealt is the past tense and past participle of deal .

deal

noun

1.

agreement

arrangement

bargain

contract

pact

transaction

understanding

2.

amount

degree

extent

portion

quantity

share

verb

3.

sell

bargain

buy and sell

do business

negotiate

stock

trade

traffic

deal out

verb

distribute

allot

apportion

assign

dispense

dole out

give

mete out

share

deal with *****

1. deal with deals with; dealing with; dealt with
When you deal with something or someone that needs attention, you give your attention to them, and often solve a problem or make a decision concerning them.

- ...the way that building societies deal with complaints...

- In dealing with suicidal youngsters, our aims should be clear.

- The President said the agreement would allow other vital problems to be dealt with.

PHR-V

2. deal with deals with; dealing with; dealt with
If you deal with an unpleasant emotion or an emotionally difficult situation, you recognize it, and remain calm and in control of yourself in spite of it.

- She saw a psychiatrist who used hypnotism to help her deal with her fear.

- He was able to deal with his captivity by maintaining a high degree of anger about the unfairness of his capture.

PHR-V
= cope with

3. deal with deals with; dealing with; dealt with
If a book, speech, or film deals with a particular thing, it has that thing as its subject or is concerned with it.

- ...the parts of his book which deal with contemporary Paris.

PHR-V

4. deal with deals with; dealing with; dealt with
If you deal with a particular person or organization, you have business relations with them.

- When I worked in Florida I dealt with British people all the time.

- He's a hard man to deal with.

PHR-V

deal with

verb

1.

handle

attend to

cope with

get to grips with

manage

see to

take care of

treat

2.

be concerned with

consider

dealer

[D.J.:ˈdi:lə]

[K.K.:ˈdilɚ]

n.

商人

dealer ***

1. dealer dealers
A dealer is a person whose business involves buying and selling things.

- ...an antique dealer.

- ...dealers in commodities and financial securities.

N-COUNT
See also wheeler-dealer .

2. dealer dealers
A dealer is someone who buys and sells illegal drugs.

- They will stay on the job for as long as it takes to clear every dealer from the street.

N-COUNT

dealer

noun Informal

trader

merchant

purveyor

supplier

tradesman

wholesaler

dealership

[D.J.:ˈdi:ləʃip]

[K.K.:ˈdilɚˌʃɪp]

n.

代理权,经销权

dealership *

dealership dealerships
A dealership is a company that sells cars, usually for one car company.

- ...a car dealership.

- ...a Chevrolet dealership in San Francisco.

N-COUNT

dealing room

dealing room dealing rooms
A dealing room is a place where shares, currencies, or commodities are bought and sold.
N-COUNT

dealings

[D.J.:ˈdi:lɪŋz]

[K.K.:ˈdilɪŋz]

n.

交往;买卖, 交易

dealings **

dealings
Someone's dealings with a person or organization are the relations that they have with them or the business that they do with them.

- He has learnt little in his dealings with the international community.

- ...her family's business dealings.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp, oft N with n

deal-maker

1. deal-maker deal-makers
A deal-maker is someone in business or politics who makes deals.
N-COUNT also dealmaker

2. deal-making

- ...a chairman with a reputation for deal-making.

- ...Britain's deal-making culture.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

dean

[D.J.:di:n]

[K.K.:din]

n.

(大学的)学院院长, 系主任

dean *

1. dean deans
A dean is an important official at a university or college.

- She is currently Dean of the faculty of International Studies at Sophia University.

N-COUNT

2. dean deans
A dean is a priest who is the main administrator of a large church.

- ...Alan Webster, former Dean of St Paul's.

N-COUNT

3. dean deans
The dean of a group is the most important member of that group. (mainly AM)

- ...Aaron Copland, who was known as the dean of American composers.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= doyen doyenne

dear

[D.J.:diə]

[K.K.:dɪr]

adj.

珍贵的; 珍视的

价格昂贵的; 昂贵的

亲爱的

n.

亲爱的人, 可爱的人

dearest

n.

最亲爱的人;最可爱的人

dear ***

1. dear
You use dear to describe someone or something that you feel affection for.

- Mrs Cavendish is a dear friend of mine.

- At last I am back at my dear little desk.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. dear dearer dearest
If something is dear to you or dear to your heart, you care deeply about it.

- His family life was very dear to him.

- This is a subject very dear to the hearts of academics up and down the country.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n

3. dear
You use dear in expressions such as ` my dear fellow ', ` dear girl ', or ` my dear Richard ' when you are addressing someone whom you know and are fond of. You can also use expressions like this in a rude way to indicate that you think you are superior to the person you are addressing. (BRIT)

- Of course, Toby, my dear fellow, of course.

- Take as long as you like, dear boy.

ADJ: ADJ n feelings

4. dear
Dear is written at the beginning of a letter, followed by the name or title of the person you are writing to.

- Dear Peter, I have been thinking about you so much during the past few days.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. dear
In British English, you begin formal letters with ` Dear sir ' or ` Dear madam '. In American English, you begin them with `Sir' or `Madam'. (WRITTEN)

- `Dear sir,' she began.

CONVENTION

6. dear dears
You can call someone dear as a sign of affection.

- You're a lot like me, dear.

- `Good night, my dears,' she called to us as we closed her door behind us.

N-VOC feelings

7. dear
You can use dear in expressions such as ` oh dear ', ` dear me ', and ` dear, dear ' when you are sad, disappointed, or surprised about something.

- `Oh dear, oh dear.' McKinnon sighed. `You, too.'.

- Outside, Bruce glanced at his watch: `Dear me, nearly one o'clock.'

EXCLAM feelings

8. dear dears
You can call someone a dear when you are fond of them and think that they are nice.

- He's such a dear.

N-COUNT
= sweetie

9. dear dearer dearest
If you say that something is dear , you mean that it costs a lot of money, usually more than you can afford or more than you think it should cost. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- It's getting dearer now but it used to be pretty reasonable to buy.

- They're too dear.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ disapproval
= expensive ≠ cheap

10. dear
If something that someone does costs them dear , they suffer a lot as a result of it.

- Such complacency is costing the company dear.

PHR: V inflects

dearest *

1. dearest
You can call someone dearest when you are very fond of them. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- What's wrong, my dearest? You look tired.

N-VOC

2. dearest
When you are writing to someone you are very fond of, you can use dearest at the beginning of the letter before the person's name or the word you are using to address them.

- Dearest Maria, Aren't I terrible, not coming back like I promised?.

ADJ-SUPERL: ADJ n

3. dearest
Your dearest wishes or hopes are things that you hope very much will happen. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- It is my dearest hope that one day she will find the happiness she truly deserves.

ADJ-SUPERL: ADJ n

dear

noun

1.

beloved

angel

darling

loved one

precious

treasure

adjective

2.

beloved

cherished

close

favourite

intimate

precious

prized

treasured

3.

expensive

at a premium

costly

high-priced

overpriced

pricey informal

dearie

[ˈdiəri]

n.

可爱的小宝贝,亲亲

dearie

dearie
Some people use dearie as a friendly way of addressing someone, or as a way of showing that they think they are superior. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-VOC feelings
= dear

dearly

[D.J.:ˈdiəli]

adv.

非常

(损失、损坏等)极大地

dearly *

1. dearly
If you love someone dearly , you love them very much. (FORMAL)

- She loved her father dearly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v emphasis

2. dearly
If you would dearly like to do or have something, you would very much like to do it or have it. (FORMAL)

- I would dearly love to marry.

ADV-GRADED: ADV before v emphasis

3. dearly
If you pay dearly for doing something or it costs you dearly , you suffer a lot as a result. (FORMAL)

- He drank too much and is paying dearly for the pleasure.

- The Republican candidate's admissions about his failure to pay taxes cost him dearly.

PHR: V inflects

dearly

adverb

1.

very much

extremely

greatly

profoundly

2.

at great cost

at a high price

dearth

[D.J.:dɜ:θ]

[K.K.:də..θ]

n.

缺乏, 稀少

dearth

dearth
If there is a dearth of something, there is not enough of it.

- ...the dearth of good fiction by English authors.

N-SING: usu N of n
= lack

dearth

noun

scarcity

deficiency

inadequacy

insufficiency

lack

paucity

poverty

shortage

want

death

[D.J.:deθ]

[K.K.:dɛθ]

n.

死, 死亡

毁灭, 消失, 终止

death ****

1. death deaths
Death is the permanent end of the life of a person or animal.

- 1.5 million people are in immediate danger of death from starvation.

- ...the thirtieth anniversary of her death...

- The report mentions the death of 18 people in suspicious circumstances.

- They were told only that there had been a death in the family.

N-VAR
≠ birth life

2. death deaths
A particular kind of death is a particular way of dying.

- They made sure that he died a horrible death.

- He would rather have a decent death which served some purpose than a meaningless death.

N-COUNT: with supp

3. death
The death of something is the permanent end of it.

- It meant the death of everything he had ever been or ever hoped to be.

- ...the death of pop music.

N-SING: usu the N of n
= end

4. death
If you say that someone is at death's door , you mean they are very ill indeed and likely to die. (INFORMAL)

- He told his boss a tale about his mother being at death's door.

- My dad was the same. He could be at death's door but wouldn't say a word.

PHR: v-link PHR

5. death
If you say that you will fight to the death for something, you are emphasizing that you will do anything to achieve or protect it, even if you suffer as a consequence.

- He said they did not want war -- but if attacked they would fight to the death.

- She'd have fought to the death for that child.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

6. death
If you refer to a fight or contest as a fight to the death , you are emphasizing that it will not stop until the death or total victory of one of the opponents.

- ...an eleven-hour fight to the death between a baboon and leopard...

- He now faces a fight to the death to reach the quarter-finals.

PHR emphasis

7. death
If you say that something is a matter of life and death , you are emphasizing that it is extremely important, often because someone may die or suffer great harm if people do not act immediately.

- Well, never mind, John, it's not a matter of life and death.

- We're dealing with a life-and-death situation here.

- It is only a hobby, not a life or death struggle.

PHR: n of PHR, PHR n emphasis

8. death
If someone is put to death , they are executed. (FORMAL)

- Those put to death by firing squad included three generals.

PHR: V inflects

9. death
You use to death after a verb to indicate that a particular action or process results in someone's death.

- He was stabbed to death.

- ...relief missions to try to keep the country's population from starving to death...

- He almost bled to death after the bullet severed an artery.

PHR: PHR after v

10. death
You use to death after an adjective or a verb to emphasize the action, state, or feeling mentioned. For example, if you are frightened to death or bored to death , you are extremely frightened or bored.

- He scares teams to death with his pace and power.

- Whereas 10 years ago I would have worried myself to death about it, now I accept it is part of the game.

- I went out last night, but not for very long. I was bored to death.

PHR: adj PHR, PHR after v emphasis

11. death
If you say that someone works another person to death , you are emphasizing that they make them work very hard indeed, especially in a way that seems cruel or unfair.

- They worked themselves to death but never lost their humour.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

death

noun

1.

dying

demise

departure

end

exit

passing

2.

destruction

downfall

extinction

finish

ruin

undoing

deathbed

[D.J.:ˈdeθbed]

[K.K.:ˈdɛθˌbɛd]

n.

临死所卧的床,临终之时

deathbed

deathbed deathbeds
If someone is on their deathbed , they are in a bed and about to die.

- He promised his mother on her deathbed that he would never marry.

- ...after the man who murdered him nearly 40 years ago made a deathbed confession.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with poss, oft on N

death blow

death blow
If you say that an event or action deals a death blow to something such as a plan or hope, or is a death blow to something, you mean that it puts an end to it. (JOURNALISM)

- The deportations would be a death blow to the peace process.

- The people of Hatfield went into shock as they learned their town had been dealt a death blow.

N-SING: oft N to n also death-blow .

death camp

death camp death camps
A death camp is a place where prisoners are kept, especially during a war, and where many of them die or are killed.
N-COUNT

death certificate

death certificate death certificates
A death certificate is an official certificate signed by a doctor which states the cause of a person's death.
N-COUNT

death duties

death duties
Death duties were a tax which had to be paid on the money and property of someone who had died. This tax is now called inheritance tax . (BRIT)
N-PLURAL

death knell

death knell
If you say that something sounds the death knell for a particular person or thing, you mean it will cause that person or thing to fail, end, or cease to exist.

- The tax increase sounded the death knell for the business.

- It's going to be the death knell of the red deer.

N-SING: usu the N for/of n also death-knell .

deathly

[D.J.:ˈdeθli:]

[K.K.:ˈdɛθli]

adv.&adj.

死一般的/地;让人想到死亡

deathly

1. deathly
If you say that someone is deathly pale or deathly still, you are emphasizing that they are very pale or still, like a dead person. (LITERARY)

- Bernadette turned deathly pale.

- She lay deathly still.

ADV: ADV adj emphasis

2. deathly
If you say that someone is deathly afraid, you are emphasizing that they are very afraid. You can also say that someone or something is deathly silent, dull, boring, cold, or tired. (LITERARY)

- He is deathly afraid of black crows.

- I took a deathly dull job.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj emphasis

3. deathly
If you say that there is a deathly silence or a deathly hush, you are emphasizing that it is very quiet. (LITERARY)

- A deathly silence hung over the square.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

deathly

adjective

deathlike

ghastly

grim

pale

pallid

wan

death mask

death mask death masks
A death mask is a model of someone's face, which is made from a mould that was taken of their face soon after they died.
N-COUNT also death-mask .

death penalty *

death penalty
The death penalty is the punishment of death used in some countries for people who have committed very serious crimes.

- If convicted for murder, both youngsters could face the death penalty.

N-SING: usu the N

death rate *

death rate death rates
The death rate is the number of people per thousand who die in a particular area during a particular period of time.

- By the turn of the century, Pittsburgh had the highest death rate in the United States.

N-COUNT

death rattle

death rattle
If you say that one thing is the death rattle of another, you mean that the first thing is a sign that very soon the second thing will come to an end. (JOURNALISM)

- Recriminations over Thursday's by-election defeat sound increasingly like a death rattle.

N-SING also death-rattle .

death row *

death row
If someone is on death row , they are in the part of a prison which contains the cells for criminals who have been sentenced to death. (AM)

- He has been on Death Row for 11 years.

- Most death row inmates avoid execution for many years by filing several appeals.

N-UNCOUNT: oft on N

death sentence *

death sentence death sentences
A death sentence is a punishment of death given by a judge to someone who has been found guilty of a serious crime such as murder.

- His original death sentence was commuted to life in prison.

N-COUNT

death squad *

death squad death squads
Death squads are groups of people who operate illegally and carry out the killing of people such as their political opponents or criminals.
N-COUNT

death taxes

death taxes
Death taxes were a tax which had to be paid on the money and property of someone who had died. This tax is now called inheritance tax . (AM)
N-PLURAL

death throes

1. death throes
The death throes of something are its final stages, just before it fails completely or ends. (LITERARY)

- Their work is a despairing metaphor for a society in its death throes.

- The dead tycoon's sons will remain in their plush offices overseeing the death throes of the family empire.

N-PLURAL: usu with poss also death-throes .

2. death throes
If a person or animal is in their death throes , they are dying and making violent, uncontrolled movements, usually because they are suffering great pain.
N-PLURAL: oft in poss N also death-throes .

death toll *

death toll death tolls
The death toll of an accident, disaster, or war is the number of people who die in it.
N-COUNT also death-toll .

death trap

death trap death traps
If you say that a place or vehicle is a death trap , you mean it is in such bad condition that it might cause someone's death. (INFORMAL)

- Badly-built kit cars can be death traps.

N-COUNT also death-trap .

death warrant

1. death warrant death warrants
A death warrant is an official document which orders that someone is to be executed as a punishment for a crime.
N-COUNT also death-warrant .

2. death warrant
If you say that someone is signing their own death warrant , you mean that they are behaving in a way which will cause their ruin or death.

- The day that he accused a reigning King of murder was the day he signed his own death warrant, and he knew it.

PHR: V inflects also death-warrant .

death wish

death wish
A death wish is a conscious or unconscious desire to die or be killed.
N-SING also death-wish .

deb

[deb]

n.

初上舞台的人,初进社交界的女孩

deb.

debenture 公司债券

debit 借方

deb

deb debs
A deb is the same as a debutante .
N-COUNT

debacle

[D.J.:dɪˈbɑ:kəl, -ˈbækəl]

[K.K.:dɪˈbɑkəl, -ˈbækəl]

n.

<法> ①突然的大失败,惨败

败军在慌乱中的溃逃

debacle *

debacle debacles
A debacle is an event or attempt that is a complete failure.

- People believed it was a privilege to die for your country, but after the debacle of the war they never felt the same again.

- The convention was a debacle.

N-COUNT (BRIT) also d´ebâcle
= fiasco

debacle

noun

disaster

catastrophe

collapse

defeat

fiasco

reversal

rout

debar

[D.J.:di:ˈbɑ:]

[K.K.:diˈbɑr]

vt.

排除, 禁止, 防止

debar from;debar from doing

阻止某人做某事(或加入机构、去某处等)

debar

debar debars debarring debarred
If you are debarred from doing something, you are prevented from doing it by a law or regulation. (FORMAL)

- If found guilty, she could be debarred from politics for seven years.

- Convictions for criminal offences might lead to the persons concerned being debarred from entering the teaching profession.

VB: usu passive
= ban

debase

[D.J.:dɪˈbeɪs]

[K.K.:dɪˈbes]

vt.

降低质量(地位、价格等)

降低(硬币的)价值, 贬值

debased

下贱的;品质恶劣的

debase

1. debase debases debasing debased
To debase something means to reduce its value or quality. (FORMAL)

- The popular debate about environmental issues has debased the meaning of the word ecology.

- He said parliament and the process of democracy had been debased.

VB
= degrade

2. debased

- Debased versions of this gypsy dance are sometimes performed for tourists.

ADJ-GRADED

debase

verb

degrade

cheapen

devalue

lower

reduce

debasement

n.

降低,改造

debasement

debasement
Debasement is the action of reducing the value or quality of something. (FORMAL)

- ...the debasement of popular culture and the triumph of vulgarity.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

debatable

[D.J.:dɪˈbeɪtəbəl]

[K.K.:dɪˈbetəbəl]

adj.

有争议的,有问题的,可争辩的

debatable *

debatable
If you say that something is debatable , you mean that it is not certain.

- Whether they would have actually used their submarines to attack shipping is highly debatable.

- It is debatable whether or not the shareholders were ever properly compensated.

- Whether older women miscarry more often or whether they report more miscarriages is a debatable point.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ wh
= arguable

debatable

adjective

doubtful

arguable

controversial

dubious

moot

problematical

questionable

uncertain

debate

[D.J.:diˈbeit]

[K.K.:dɪˈbet]

n.

讨论, 辩论

vt. & vi.

辩论, 争论

debate ****

1. debate debates
A debate is a discussion about a subject on which people have different views.

- An intense debate is going on within the Israeli government.

- There has been a lot of debate among scholars about this.

N-VAR: oft N on/over/about n
= discussion

2. debate debates
A debate is a formal discussion, for example in a parliament or institution, in which people express different opinions about a particular subject and then vote on it.

- There are expected to be some heated debates in parliament over the next few days.

N-COUNT: oft N on/about n

3. debating

- It is an excellent idea to encourage them to join a school debating society.

- ...debating skills.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

4. debate debates debating debated
If people debate a topic, they discuss it fairly formally, putting forward different views. You can also say that one person debates a topic with another person.

- The United Nations Security Council will debate the issue today.

- The causes of anorexia are much debated.

- Scholars have debated whether or not Yagenta became a convert.

- He is a bulky and belligerent newspaperman who debates issues with his friends.

V-RECIP

5. debate debates debating debated
If you debate whether to do something or what to do, you think or talk about possible courses of action before deciding exactly what you are going to do.

- Taggart debated whether to have yet another double vodka.

- At the moment we are debating what furniture to buy for the house.

- I debated going back inside, but weariness won out and I started the car and drove off.

VB

6. debate
If you say that a matter is open to debate , you mean that people have different opinions about it, or it has not yet been firmly decided.

- The Government is committed to enforcing some of the recommendations, but others will be open to debate.

PHR: v-link PHR
= debatable

debate

noun

1.

discussion

argument

contention

controversy

dispute

verb

2.

discuss

argue

dispute

question

3.

consider

deliberate

ponder

reflect

ruminate

weigh

debater

[di:ˈbeitə]

n.

讨论家,讨论者

debater

debater debaters
A debater is someone who takes part in debates.

- Both men are lawyers and skilled debaters.

N-COUNT: oft adj N

debauched

[D.J.:dɪˈbɔ:tʃt]

[K.K.:dɪˈbɔtʃt]

adj.

放荡的;堕落的;行为不检点的

显得纵情声色的

debauched

debauched
If you describe someone as debauched , you mean they behave in a way that you think is socially unacceptable, for example because they drink a lot of alcohol or have sex with a lot of people. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...a debt-ridden and debauched lifestyle.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

debauchery

[D.J.:dɪˈbɔ:tʃəri:]

[K.K.:dɪˈbɔtʃəri]

n.

道德败坏,淫荡

放荡,淫逸

debauchery

debauchery
You use debauchery to refer to the drinking of alcohol or to sexual activity if you disapprove of it or regard it as excessive.

- The police were called in to quell scenes of drunken violence and debauchery.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

debauchery

noun

depravity

dissipation

dissoluteness

excess

indulgence

intemperance

lewdness

overindulgence

debenture

[D.J.:dɪˈbentʃə]

[K.K.:dɪˈbɛntʃɚ]

n.

公司债券

debenture

debenture debentures
A debenture is a type of savings bond which offers a fixed rate of interest over a long period. Debentures are usually issued by a company or a government agency.
N-COUNT

debilitate

[D.J.:dɪˈbɪlɪˌteɪt]

[K.K.:dɪˈbɪlɪˌtet]

vt.

使(人或人的身体)非常虚弱

debilitated

[D.J.:dɪˈbɪlɪˌteɪtɪd]

[K.K.:dɪˈbɪlɪˌtetɪd]

adj.

疲惫不堪的,操劳过度的

debilitate *

1. debilitate debilitates debilitating debilitated
If you are debilitated by something such as an illness, it causes your body or mind to become gradually weaker. (FORMAL)

- Stewart took over yesterday when Russell was debilitated by a stomach virus.

VB: usu passive

2. debilitating

- A debilitating illness has been the cause of Tim Gould's current loss of form.

ADJ-GRADED

3. debilitated

- Occasionally a patient is so debilitated that he must be fed intravenously.

ADJ-GRADED

4. debilitate debilitates debilitating debilitated
To debilitate an organization, society, or government means to gradually make it weaker. (FORMAL)

- ...their efforts to debilitate the political will of the Western alliance.

VB

5. debilitating

- ...people exhausted by years of debilitating economic crisis.

ADJ-GRADED

6. debilitated

- ...an engineered takeover, designed to keep a debilitated ruling party in power.

ADJ-GRADED

debility

[D.J.:dɪˈbɪlɪti:]

[K.K.:dɪˈbɪlɪti]

n.

衰弱

debility

debility debilities
Debility is a weakness of a person's body or mind, especially one caused by an illness. (FORMAL)

- Anxiety or general debility can play a part in food intolerance or allergy.

N-VAR
= weakness infirmity

debit

[D.J.:ˈdebɪt]

[K.K.:ˈdɛbɪt]

n.

(簿记中的)收方,借方

从账户中提取的款项

vt.

记入(账户)的借方

debited

记入借方

debit *

1. debit debits debiting debited
When your bank debits your account, money is taken from it and paid to someone else.

- We will always confirm the revised amount to you in writing before debiting your account.

VB

2. debit debits
A debit is a record of the money taken from your bank account, for example when you write a cheque.

- The total of debits must balance the total of credits.

N-COUNT

debit card

debit card debit cards
A debit card is a bank card that you can use to pay for things. When you use it the money is taken out of your bank account immediately.
N-COUNT

debonair

[D.J.:ˌdebəˈneə]

[K.K.:ˌdɛbəˈnɛr]

adj.

(通常指男人)愉快而自信的

debonair

debonair
A man who is debonair is confident, charming, and well-dressed.

- He was a handsome, debonair, death-defying racing-driver.

ADJ-GRADED
= suave

debonair

adjective

elegant

charming

courteous

dashing

refined

smooth

suave

urbane

well-bred

debrief

[D.J.:di:ˈbri:f]

[K.K.:diˈbrif]

vt.

向(外交人员等)询问执行任务的情况

debriefing

n.

debriefing

[D.J.:di:ˈbri:fɪŋ]

[K.K.:diˈbrifɪŋ]

n.

任务报告,任务报告中提出的情报

debrief

debrief debriefs debriefing debriefed
When someone such as a soldier, diplomat, or astronaut is debriefed , they are asked to give a report on an operation or task that they have just completed.

- The men have been debriefed by British and Saudi officials.

- He went to Rio after the CIA had debriefed him.

VB

debriefing

debriefing debriefings
A debriefing is a meeting where someone such as a soldier, diplomat, or astronaut is asked to give a report on an operation or task that they have just completed.

- A debriefing would follow this operation, to determine where it went wrong.

- He is here for medical check-ups and debriefing by State Department officials.

N-VAR

debrief

verb

interrogate

cross-examine

examine

probe

question

quiz

debris

[D.J.:dəˈbri:, deɪ-, ˈdeɪˌbri:]

[K.K.:dəˈbri, de-, ˈdeˌbri]

n.

散落的碎片, 残骸

debris **

debris
Debris is pieces from something that has been destroyed or pieces of rubbish or unwanted material that are spread around.

- I stood at the foot of the collapsed tower and watched the rescue workers sifting through the debris.

- A number of people were killed by flying debris.

N-UNCOUNT

debris

noun

remains

bits

detritus

fragments

rubble

ruins

waste

wreckage

debt

[D.J.:det]

[K.K.:dɛt]

n.

债, 债务, 欠他人的东西

debt ****

1. debt debts
A debt is a sum of money that you owe someone.

- Three years later, he is still paying off his debts.

- Shrinking economies mean falling tax revenues and more government debt.

- ...reducing the country's $18 billion foreign debt.

N-VAR
See also bad debt .

2. debt
If you are in debt or get into debt , you owe money. If you are out of debt or get out of debt , you succeed in paying all the money that you owe.

- Stress is a main reason for debt.

- He was already deeply in debt through gambling losses.

- How can I accumulate enough cash to get out of debt?

PHR

3. debt debts
You use debt in expressions such as I owe you a debt or I am in your debt when you are expressing gratitude for something that someone has done for you. (FORMAL)

- He was so good to me that I can never repay the debt I owe him.

- I owe a debt of thanks to Joyce Thompson, whose careful and able research was of great help.

- I know I shall feel for ever in her debt.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft in poss N feelings

debt

noun

1.

debit

commitment

liability

obligation

in debt

2.

owing

in arrears

in the red informal

liable

debtor

[D.J.:ˈdetə]

[K.K.:ˈdɛtɚ]

n.

债务人;借方

debtor *

debtor debtors
A debtor is a country, organization, or person who owes money.

- ...important improvements in the situation of debtor countries.

N-COUNT: oft N n

debtor

noun

borrower

mortgagor

debt-ridden

[D.J.:ˈdetrɪdn]

n.

负债累累

debt-ridden

debt-ridden
Debt-ridden countries, companies, or people owe extremely large amounts of money.

- ...the debt-ridden economies of Latin America.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

debug

[D.J.:ˌdi:ˈbʌɡ]

[K.K.:diˈbʌɡ]

vt.

拆除窃听器

排除故障

debugging

[di:ˈbʌɡiŋ]

n.

调试

debug

debug debugs debugging debugged
When someone debugs a computer program, they look for the faults in it and correct them so that it will run properly.

- The production lines ground to a halt for hours while technicians tried to debug software.

VB

debunk

[D.J.:di:ˈbʌŋk]

[K.K.:diˈbʌŋk]

vt.

揭穿真相, 暴露

debunk

debunk debunks debunking debunked
If you debunk a widely held belief, you show that it is false. If you debunk something that is widely admired, you show that it is not as good as people think it is.

- Historian Michael Beschloss debunks a few myths.

- ...the Frenchmen of the enlightenment who debunked the church and the crown.

VB
= expose

debunk

verb Informal

expose

cut down to size

deflate

disparage

mock

ridicule

show up

debut

[D.J.:ˈdeibu:]

[K.K.:deˈbju, ˈdeˌbju]

n.

〈法〉演员首次演出

debut ***

debut debuts
The debut of a performer or sports player is their first public performance, appearance, or recording.

- Dundee United's Dave Bowman makes his international debut.

- ...her debut album `Sugar Time'.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

debut

noun

introduction

beginning

bow

coming out

entrance

first appearance

initiation

presentation

debutante

[D.J.:ˈdebjʊˌtɑ:nt, ˈdeɪbju:-]

[K.K.:ˈdɛbjʊˌtɑnt, ˈdebju-]

n.

初进社交界的上流社会年轻女子

debutante

debutante debutantes
A debutante is a young woman from the upper classes who has started going to social events with other young people. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- She dazzled London society as the most beautiful debutante of her generation.

N-COUNT

Dec

n.

十二月

Dec. **

Dec.
Dec. is a written abbreviation for December .

decade

[D.J.:ˈdekeid]

[K.K.:ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked]

n.

十年, 十年间

decade ****

decade decades
A decade is a period of ten years, especially one that begins with a year ending in 0, for example 1980 to 1989.

- ...the last decade of the nineteenth century.

N-COUNT

decadence

[D.J.:ˈdekədəns, dɪˈkeɪdns]

[K.K.:ˈdɛkədəns, dɪˈkedn..s]

n.

衰落, 堕落, 颓废

decadent

[D.J.:ˈdekədənt, dɪˈkeɪdnt]

[K.K.:ˈdɛkədənt, dɪˈkedn..t]

adj.

堕落的;颓废的

decadent *

1. decadent
If you say that a person or society is decadent , you think that they have low moral standards and are interested mainly in pleasure.

- ...restrictions on the number of decadent western films that were allowed to be shown.

- ...the excesses and stresses of their decadent rock 'n' roll lifestyles.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. decadence

- The empire had for years been falling into decadence.

N-UNCOUNT

decadence

noun

degeneration

corruption

decay

decline

deterioration

dissipation

dissolution

decadent

adjective

degenerate

corrupt

decaying

declining

dissolute

immoral

self-indulgent

decaf

[D.J.:ˈdi:ˌkæf]

[K.K.:ˈdiˌkæf]

n.

脱咖啡因咖啡,无咖啡因咖啡

decaf

decaf decafs
Decaf is decaffeinated coffee. (INFORMAL)
N-MASS also decaff .

decaffeinated

[D.J.:di:ˈkæfəˌneɪtɪd, -ˈkæfi:ə-]

[K.K.:diˈkæfəˌnetɪd, -ˈkæfiə-]

adj.

脱去咖啡因的

decaffeinated

decaffeinated
Decaffeinated coffee has had most of the caffeine removed from it.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

decal

[D.J.:diˈkæl]

[K.K.:ˈdiˌkæl, dɪˈkæl]

n.

(陶器、玻璃器皿的)贴花釉法,贴花纸

decal

decal decals
Decals are pieces of paper with a design on one side. The design can be transferred onto a surface by heating it, soaking it in water, or pressing it hard. (AM; in BRIT use transfer )
N-COUNT

decamp

[D.J.:dɪˈkæmp]

[K.K.:dɪˈkæmp]

vi.

①(突然而常为秘密地)(携某物)逃走

撤营,离开宿营地

decampment

n.

逃走;撤营

decampment

n.

撤营

decamp

decamp decamps decamping decamped
If you decamp , you go away from somewhere secretly or suddenly.

- Bugsy decided to decamp to Hollywood from New York.

VB

decant

[D.J.:diˈkænt]

[K.K.:dɪˈkænt]

vt.

将(酒等)自瓶中倒入另一容器

decanting

[diˈkæntiŋ]

n.

滗析(手续)

decant

decant decants decanting decanted
If you decant a liquid into another container, you put it into another container. (FORMAL)

- She always used to decant the milk into a jug.

- Vintage ports must be decanted to remove natural sediments.

VB

decanter

[D.J.:diˈkæntə]

[K.K.:dɪˈkæntɚ]

n.

玻璃水瓶

decanter

decanter decanters
A decanter is a glass container that you use for serving wine, sherry, or port.
N-COUNT

decapitate

[D.J.:dɪˈkæpɪˌteɪt]

[K.K.:dɪˈkæpɪˌtet]

vt.

杀头

decapitation

n.

斩首,杀头

decapitator

n.

刽子手

decapitation

n.

斩首,撤职,解雇；断头术

decapitator

[diˈkæpiteitə]

n.

斩首者,刽子手,免去他人职务者,解雇者

decapitate

1. decapitate decapitates decapitating decapitated
If someone is decapitated , their head is cut off. (FORMAL)

- A worker was decapitated when a lift plummeted down the shaft on top of him.

- He recently decapitated a tramp on the London Underground.

- ...a pile of freshly decapitated chickens.

VB

2. decapitation decapitations

- In the space of 16 months I saw 700 executions by decapitation.

N-VAR

decapitate

verb

behead

execute

guillotine

decathlon

[D.J.:diˈkæθlɔn]

[K.K.:dɪˈkæθlən, -ˌlɑn]

n.

〈体〉十项全能运动

decathlon

decathlon decathlons
The decathlon is a competition in which athletes compete in 10 different sporting events.
N-COUNT: oft the N

decay

[D.J.:diˈkei]

[K.K.:dɪˈke]

vt. & vi.

(使)腐烂, 腐朽

vi.

衰败, 衰退, 衰落

n.

腐败、衰退的状态

decayed

[D.J.:dɪˈkeɪd]

[K.K.:dɪˈked]

adj.

烂了的;腐败的

decay **

1. decay decays decaying decayed
When something such as a dead body, a dead plant, or a tooth decays , it is gradually destroyed by a natural process.

- The bodies buried in the fine ash slowly decayed.

- The ground was scattered with decaying leaves.

VB
= rot

2. decay
Also a noun.

- When not removed, plaque causes tooth decay and gum disease.

N-UNCOUNT

3. decayed

- Even young children have teeth so decayed they need to be pulled.

ADJ-GRADED
= rotten

4. decay decays decaying decayed
If something such as a society, system, or institution decays , it gradually becomes weaker or its condition gets worse.

- In practice, the agency system has decayed. Most `agents' now sell only to themselves or their immediate family.

- Congress has tried dozens of approaches to revitalize decaying urban and rural areas.

VB

5. decay
Also a noun.

- There are problems of urban decay and gang violence.

N-UNCOUNT

decay

verb

1.

decline

crumble

deteriorate

disintegrate

dwindle

shrivel

wane

waste away

wither

2.

rot

corrode

decompose

perish

putrefy

noun

3.

decline

collapse

degeneration

deterioration

fading

failing

wasting

withering

4.

rot

caries

decomposition

gangrene

putrefaction

deceased

[D.J.:dɪˈsi:st]

[K.K.:dɪˈsist]

adj.

<律,正>死去了的;已死的;亡故的;

deceased *

1. deceased
The deceased is used to refer to a particular person or to particular people who have recently died. (LEGAL)

- The Navy is notifying next of kin now that the identities of the deceased have been determined.

N-COUNT: the N deceased is both the singular and the plural form

2. deceased
A deceased person is one who has recently died. (FORMAL)

- ...his recently deceased mother.

ADJ deceased is both the singular and the plural form
= dead

deceased

adjective

dead

defunct

departed

expired

former

late

lifeless

deceit

[D.J.:diˈsi:t]

[K.K.:dɪˈsit]

n.

欺骗, 欺诈

不诚实的行为或言语, 诡计

deceit *

deceit deceits
Deceit is behaviour that is deliberately intended to make people believe something which is not true.

- It's just like before. The same lies and half lies. The same deceits.

N-VAR
= deception

deceit

noun

dishonesty

cheating

chicanery

deception

fraud

lying

pretence

treachery

trickery

deceitful

[D.J.:dɪˈsi:tfʊl]

adj.

不诚实的;骗人的

deceitfully

adv.

惯于欺骗地,不诚实地

deceitfully

adv.

骗人地

deceitful

deceitful
If you say that someone is deceitful , you mean that they behave in a dishonest way by making other people believe something that is not true.

- They claimed the government had been deceitful.

- The ambassador called the report deceitful and misleading.

ADJ-GRADED

deceitful

adjective

dishonest

deceptive

false

fraudulent

sneaky

treacherous

two-faced

untrustworthy

deceive

[D.J.:diˈsi:v]

[K.K.:dɪˈsiv]

vt. & vi.

欺骗; 蒙骗

deceive *

1. deceive deceives deceiving deceived
If you deceive someone, you make them believe something that is not true, usually in order to get some advantage for yourself.

- He has deceived and disillusioned us all.

- If you can make the last 10 seconds exciting, you can deceive your audience into thinking it's been like that all along.

VB

2. deceive deceives deceiving deceived
If you deceive yourself, you do not admit to yourself something that you know is true.

- Alcoholics are notorious for their ability to deceive themselves about the extent of their problem.

VB

3. deceive deceives deceiving deceived
If something deceives you, it gives you a wrong impression and makes you believe something that is not true.

- The alacrity with which he'd agreed did not deceive Joanna; she knew that he had no intention of abandoning his harebrained plan.

- The boys, if my eyes did not deceive me, were praying.

VB
= mislead

deceive

verb

take in informal

cheat

con informal

dupe

fool

hoodwink

mislead

swindle

trick

decelerate

[D.J.:di:ˈseləˌreɪt]

[K.K.:diˈsɛləˌret]

vt. & vi.

(使)减速

deceleration

n.

deceleration

[di:ˌseləˈreiʃən]

n.

减速

decelerate

1. decelerate decelerates decelerating decelerated
When a vehicle or machine decelerates or when someone in a vehicle decelerates , the speed of the vehicle or machine is reduced.

- The chauffeur kept accelerating and decelerating between 60 and 90 mph.

VB
≠ accelerate

2. deceleration

- The hydraulic system ensures that the harder the brake pedal is pressed, the greater the car's deceleration.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ acceleration

3. decelerate decelerates decelerating decelerated
When the rate of something such as inflation or economic growth decelerates , it slows down.

- Inflation has decelerated remarkably over the past two years.

VB
≠ accelerate

4. deceleration

- This is a significant deceleration from the 4.2% annual rate of growth between April and June.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ acceleration

December

[D.J.:diˈsembə]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɛmbɚ]

n.

12月

December *****

December Decembers
December is the twelfth and last month of the year in the Western calendar.

- ...a bright morning in mid-December...

- Just before Christmas, on 17th December, Joanna had a baby girl.

- The talks are due to be concluded this December.

N-VAR

decency

[D.J.:ˈdi:sənsi:]

[K.K.:ˈdisənsi]

n.

正派,正直,端庄;体面

社会上高尚文雅行为的标准,礼仪

decency *

1. decency
Decency is the quality of following accepted moral standards.

- Unfortunately, on Friday night he showed neither decency nor dignity.

- His sense of decency forced him to resign.

- ...the threat of rampant materialism to common decency and enlightened values.

N-UNCOUNT

2. decency
If you say that someone did not have the decency to do something, you are criticizing them because there was a particular action which they did not do but which you believe they ought to have done.

- Somebody should have had the decency to inform myself and John Prescott of what was planned.

PHR: oft with brd-neg, V inflects, PHR to-inf disapproval

decency

noun

respectability

civility

correctness

courtesy

decorum

etiquette

modesty

propriety

decent

[D.J.:ˈdi:sənt]

[K.K.:ˈdisənt]

adj.

正派的, 合乎礼仪的, 得体的

像样的, 过得去的, 体面的

令人满意的, 相当好的

decently

[D.J.:ˈdi:sntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdis n..tlɪ]

adv.

合适地;体面地;像样地;有礼貌地

<口>宽容地

<口>很,相当

decent **

1. decent
Decent is used to describe something which is considered to be of an acceptable standard or quality.

- Nearby is a village with a decent pub.

- He didn't get a decent explanation.

- The lack of a decent education did not defeat Rey.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= reasonable acceptable

2. decently

- The allies say they will treat their prisoners decently.

- This year's festival can boast a decently long list of sponsors.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj
= reasonably acceptably

3. decent
Decent is used to describe something which is morally correct or acceptable.

- But, after a decent interval, trade relations began to return to normal.

- She watched his face, as the coffin was lowered into the ground. As soon as it was decent, he plunged through the crowd towards the cars.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= respectable

4. decently

- There were at least four hours before he could decently go to the pub.

- And can't you dress more decently -- people will think you're a tramp.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj
= respectably

5. decent
Decent people are honest and behave in a way that most people approve of.

- The majority of people around here are decent people.

- The jury will see what a decent guy he is.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= upright

6. decent
If you say that someone should do the decent thing , you mean that they should do something which they do not really want to do, but which you think they ought to do.

- He should do the decent thing and resign.

PHR: V inflects

decent

adjective

1.

reasonable

adequate

ample

fair

passable

satisfactory

sufficient

tolerable

2.

respectable

chaste

decorous

modest

proper

pure

3.

proper

appropriate

becoming

befitting

fitting

seemly

suitable

4.

kind

accommodating

courteous

friendly

generous

gracious

helpful

obliging

thoughtful

decentralization

[di:ˌsentrəlaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

分散,地方分权,排除集中

decentralize

[D.J.:di:ˈsentrəˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:diˈsɛntrəˌlaɪz]

vt.

权力下放;将(权力等)自中央政府转到地方政府

将(工业、工人等)自集中点分散到较大的区域内

decentralization

n.

分散

decentralize *

1. decentralize decentralizes decentralizing decentralized
To decentralize government or a large organization means to move some departments away from the main administrative area, or to give more power to local departments.

- They have at last persuaded the bureaucracy to decentralise the company, slim it down and make it more entrepreneurial.

- ...the need to decentralize and devolve power to regional governments...

- The German constitution is an excellent model of decentralised government.

VB (BRIT) also decentralise

2. decentralization

- He seems set against the idea of increased decentralisation and greater powers for regional authorities.

N-UNCOUNT

deception

[D.J.:dɪˈsepʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɛpʃən]

n.

欺骗

骗术, 诡计

deception *

deception deceptions
Deception is the act of deceiving someone or the state of being deceived by someone.

- He admitted conspiring to obtain property by deception.

- You've been the victim of a rather cruel deception.

N-VAR

deception

noun Informal

1.

trickery

cunning

deceit

fraud

guile

legerdemain

treachery

2.

trick

bluff

decoy

hoax

illusion

lie

ruse

subterfuge

deceptive

[D.J.:diˈseptiv]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɛptɪv]

adj.

可能欺骗的, 导致误解的

deceptively

[D.J.:dɪˈseptɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɛptɪvlɪ]

adv.

迷惑地

虚伪地;欺诈地

deceptive *

1. deceptive
If something is deceptive , it encourages you to believe something which is not true.

- Johnston isn't tired of London yet, it seems, but appearances can be deceptive.

ADJ-GRADED
= misleading

2. deceptively

- The storyline is deceptively simple.

ADV

deceptive

adjective

misleading

ambiguous

deceitful

dishonest

false

fraudulent

illusory

unreliable

decibel

[D.J.:ˈdesəbəl, -ˌbel]

[K.K.:ˈdɛsəbəl, -ˌbɛl]

n.

<物>分贝

decibel

decibel decibels
A decibel is a unit of measurement which is used to indicate how loud a sound is.

- Continuous exposure to sound above 80 decibels could be harmful.

N-COUNT: oft num N

decide

[D.J.:diˈsaid]

[K.K.:dɪˈsaɪd]

vt. & vi.

下决心; (使)决定

解决, 裁决, 肯定, 断定

decided

[D.J.:dɪˈsaɪdɪd]

[K.K.:dɪˈsaɪdɪd]

adj.

清楚的, 明确的, 肯定的

坚决的, 坚定的, 决定了的

deciding

[D.J.:diˈsaidiŋ]

[K.K.:dɪˈsaɪdɪŋ]

决定

decide *****

1. decide decides deciding decided
If you decide to do something, you choose to do it, usually after you have thought carefully about the other possibilities.

- She decided to do a secretarial course.

- He has decided that he doesn't want to embarrass the movement and will therefore step down.

- The house needed totally rebuilding, so we decided against buying it.

- I had a cold and couldn't decide whether to go to work or not.

- Think about it very carefully before you decide.

VB
= make up one's mind

2. decide decides deciding decided
If a person or group of people decides something, they choose what something should be like or how a particular problem should be solved.

- She was still young, he said, and that would be taken into account when deciding her sentence.

- This is an issue that should be decided by local and metropolitan government.

VB

3. decide decides deciding decided
If an event or fact decides something, it makes it certain that a particular choice will be made or that there will be a particular result.

- The goal that decided the match came just before the interval.

- The results will decide if he will win a place at a good university.

- Luck is certainly not the only deciding factor, but it does play an exceptionally large role.

VB
= settle

4. decide decides deciding decided
If you decide that something is true, you form that opinion about it after considering the facts.

- He decided Franklin must be suffering from a bad cold.

- For a long time I couldn't decide whether the original settlers were insane or just stupid.

VB

5. decide decides deciding decided
If something decides you to do something, it is the reason that causes you to choose to do it.

- The banning of his English play decided him to write something about censorship.

- What decided him was a cynical question: `If I fail, I'll be no worse off than I am now, will I?'

VB

decided

decided
Decided means clear and definite.

- They got involved in a long and exhausting struggle and were at a decided disadvantage in the afternoon.

- He's a man of very decided opinions.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= definite

decide

verb

reach or come to a decision

adjudge

adjudicate

choose

conclude

determine

make up one's mind

resolve

decide on *****

decide on decides on; deciding on; decided on
If you decide on something or decide upon something, you choose it from two or more possibilities.

- After leaving university, Therese decided on a career in publishing.

PHR-V
= choose

decidedly

[D.J.:dɪˈsaɪdɪdlɪ]

adv.

确实无疑地;显然

坚决地;果断地

decidedly *

decidedly
Decidedly means to a great extent and in a way that is very obvious.

- He admits there will be moments when he's decidedly uncomfortable at what he sees on the screen.

- Representatives of the other branches adopted a decidedly different view.

- It soon became clear that authors were decidedly in the majority.

ADV-GRADED: ADV group

decidedly

adverb

definitely

clearly

distinctly

downright

positively

unequivocally

unmistakably

decider

n.

(打成平局后的)决胜局

decider

1. decider deciders
In sport, a decider is one of the games in a series, which establishes which player or team wins the series. (BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- He won the decider which completed England's 3-2 victory over Austria.

N-COUNT

2. decider deciders
In games such as soccer, football, and hockey, the decider is the last goal to be scored in a match that is won by a difference of only one goal. (BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- McGrath scored the decider in Villa's 2-1 home win over Forest.

N-COUNT

deciduous

[D.J.:dɪˈsɪdʒu:əs]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɪdʒuəs]

adj.

(指树木)每年落叶的

deciduous

deciduous
A deciduous tree or bush is one that loses its leaves in the autumn every year.
ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ evergreen

decimal

[D.J.:ˈdesiməl]

[K.K.:ˈdɛsəməl]

adj.

十进位的, 小数的

n.

小数

decimals

小数

decimal

1. decimal
A decimal system involves counting in units of ten.

- ...the decimal system of metric weights and measures...

- In 1971, the 1p and 2p decimal coins were introduced in Britain.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. decimal decimals
A decimal is a fraction that is written in the form of a dot followed by one or more numbers which represent tenths, hundredths, and so on: for example .5, .51, .517.

- ...simple math concepts, such as decimals and fractions.

N-COUNT

decimal point

decimal point decimal points
A decimal point is the dot in front of a decimal fraction.
N-COUNT

decimate

[D.J.:ˈdesəˌmeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈdɛsəˌmet]

vt.

杀死或毁灭(某物)的大部

相当程度地减少或降低

decimation

[D.J.:ˌdesɪˈmeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌd ɛsəˈmeʃən]

n.

多数人的杀害

大量毁灭

decimate *

1. decimate decimates decimating decimated
To decimate something such as a group of people or animals means to destroy a very large number of them.

- The pollution could decimate the river's thriving population of kingfishers.

- British forces in the Caribbean were being decimated by disease.

VB

2. decimation

- ...the decimation of the great rain forests.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. decimate decimates decimating decimated
To decimate a system or organization means to reduce its size and effectiveness greatly.

- ...a recession which decimated the nation's manufacturing industry.

VB

4. decimation

- Government policies have resulted in a decimation of essential services used by the poor.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

decimate

verb

devastate

ravage

wreak havoc on

decipher

[D.J.:dɪˈsaɪfə]

[K.K.:dɪˈsaɪfɚ]

vt.

破译(密码), 辨认(潦草字迹)

deciphering

解密

decipher *

decipher deciphers deciphering deciphered
If you decipher a piece of writing or a message, you work out what it says, even though it is very difficult to read or understand.

- I'm still no closer to deciphering the code.

VB

decipher

verb

figure out informal

crack

decode

deduce

interpret

make out

read

solve

decision

[D.J.:diˈsiʒən]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɪʒən]

n.

决定, 决心, 判断

果断, 坚决

决议, 结果

decision *****

1. decision decisions
When you make a decision , you choose what should be done or which is the best of various possible actions.

- The decision to discipline Marshall was taken by the party chairman with the support of the Prime Minister.

- The president said he'd made no firm decision on whether he would run for a second term in office.

- I don't want to make the wrong decision and regret it later.

- Who makes the financial decisions in your household?

N-COUNT: oft N to-inf, N on n/wh

2. decision
Decision is the act of deciding something or the need to decide something.

- The growing pressures of the crisis may mean that the moment of decision can't be too long delayed.

- This was a matter for decision by the individual.

N-UNCOUNT

3. decision
Decision is the ability to decide quickly and definitely what to do.

- He is very quick-thinking and very much a man of decision and action.

N-UNCOUNT
= decisiveness

decision

noun

1.

judgment

arbitration

conclusion

finding

resolution

ruling

sentence

verdict

2.

decisiveness

determination

firmness

purpose

resolution

resolve

strength of mind or will

decision-making

n.,adj.

决策(的)

decision-making **

decision-making
Decision-making is the process of reaching decisions, especially in a large organization or in government.

- She wants to see more women involved in decision making.

- Shortening the decision-making process would provide one solution.

N-UNCOUNT

decisive

[D.J.:diˈsaisiv]

[K.K.:dɪˈsaɪsɪv]

adj.

决定性的

坚定的, 果断的

decisively

[D.J.:dɪˈsaɪsɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:dɪˈsaɪsɪvlɪ]

adv.

决然地;果断地

decisive **

1. decisive
If a fact, action, or event is decisive , it makes it certain that there will be a particular result.

- ...his decisive victory in the presidential elections...

- The election campaign has now entered its final, decisive phase.

- The meeting between Molotov, Bidault and Bevin was decisive.

ADJ-GRADED

2. decisively

- The plan was decisively rejected by Congress three weeks ago.

ADV: usu ADV with v

3. decisive
If someone is decisive , they have or show an ability to make quick decisions in a difficult or complicated situation.

- He should give way to a younger, more decisive leader.

ADJ-GRADED

4. decisively

- `I'll call for you at half ten,' she said decisively.

ADV-GRADED

5. decisiveness

- His supporters admire his decisiveness.

N-UNCOUNT

decisive

adjective

1.

influential

conclusive

critical

crucial

fateful

momentous

significant

2.

resolute

decided

determined

firm

forceful

incisive

strong-minded

trenchant

deck

[D.J.:dek]

[K.K.:dɛk]

n.

a floor built across a ship over all or part of its length 甲板, 层面

vt.

装饰某人或某物

decked

[dekt]

adj.

装了甲板的;装饰的;铺面的;分层的

decking

[ˈdekiŋ]

n.

装饰

deck ***

1. deck decks
A deck on a vehicle such as a bus or ship is a lower or upper area of it.

- ...sitting on the top deck of the number 13 bus.

- ...a luxury liner with five passenger decks.

N-COUNT: oft supp N
See also flight deck .

2. deck decks
The deck of a ship is the top part of it that forms a floor in the open air which you can walk on.

- She stood on the deck and waved her hand to them as the steamer moved off.

N-COUNT: also on N

3. deck decks
A tape deck or record deck is a piece of equipment on which you play tapes or records.

- ...the tape deck in my car...

- I stuck a tape in the deck.

N-COUNT: oft n N

4. deck decks
A deck of cards is a complete set of playing cards. (AM; in BRIT usually use pack )

- Matt picked up the cards and shuffled the deck.

N-COUNT

5. deck decks decking decked
If something is decked with pretty things, it is decorated with them. (WRITTEN)

- Villagers decked the streets with bunting.

- The house was decked with flowers.

VB

6. deck
If someone decks you, they hit you so that you fall over. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I hear you decked him and scared the hell out of his buddies.

VERB

7. deck
If someone or something is below decks , they are inside a ship in the part of it that is underneath the deck.

- The crew of the trawler were gathered below decks.

PHR

8. deck
If you clear the decks , you get ready to start something new by finishing any work that has to be done or getting rid of any problems that are in the way.

- The hostage release could clear the decks for war.

- ...the classic situation of a new management taking over a troubled firm and wishing to clear the decks.

PHR: V inflects

9. deck
If someone or something hits the deck , they fall to the ground. (INFORMAL)

- Andover's body hit the deck.

PHR: V inflects

deck

verb

decorate

adorn

array

beautify

clothe

dress

embellish

festoon

deck out ***

deck out decks out; decking out; decked out
If a person or thing is decked out with or in something, they are decorated with it or wearing it, usually for a special occasion.

- The cab was decked out with multi-coloured lights.

- She had decked him out from head to foot in expensive clothes.

PHR-V

deckchair

deckchair deckchairs
A deckchair is a simple chair with a folding frame, and a piece of canvas as the seat and back. Deckchairs are usually used on the beach, on a ship, or in the garden.
N-COUNT also deck chair .

-decker

-decker
-decker is used after adjectives like `double' and `single' to indicate how many levels or layers something has.

- ...a red double-decker bus full of tourists.

- ...a triple-decker peanut butter and jelly sandwich.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

deckhand

n.

甲板水手,下级水手

deckhand

deckhand deckhands
A deckhand is a person who does the cleaning and other work on the deck of a ship.
N-COUNT

declaim

[D.J.:dɪˈkleɪm]

[K.K.:dɪˈklem]

vt. & vi.

(像演讲般)说话

vi.

抨击

declaim

declaim declaims declaiming declaimed
If you declaim , you speak dramatically, as if you were acting in a theatre. (WRITTEN)

- He raised his right fist and declaimed: `Liar and cheat!'.

- I can remember the way he used to declaim French verse to us with this immense energy.

VB

declaim

verb

1.

orate

harangue

hold forth

lecture

proclaim

rant

recite

speak

declaim against

2.

protest against

attack

decry

denounce

inveigh

rail

declamatory

[D.J.:ˌdiˈklæmətəri]

[K.K.:dɪˈklæməˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

雄辩家式的,演说口吻的,朗读式的

declamatory

declamatory
A declamatory phrase, statement, or way of speaking is dramatic and confident. (FORMAL)

- Rebels like Katharine Hamnett have made a name for bold, declamatory statements.

ADJ-GRADED

declaration

[D.J.:ˌdekləˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛkləˈreʃən]

n.

宣布, 宣告, 声明

申报(单)

declaration ***

1. declaration declarations
A declaration is an official announcement or statement.

- They will sign the declaration tomorrow.

- The opening speeches sounded more like declarations of war than offerings of peace.

- ...the issues arising from their declaration of independence.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. declaration declarations
A declaration is a firm, emphatic statement which shows that you have no doubts about what you are saying.

- She needed time to adjust to Clive's declaration.

- ...declarations of undying love.

N-COUNT

3. declaration declarations
A declaration is a written statement about something which you have signed and which can be used as evidence in a court of law.

- On the customs declaration, the sender labeled the freight as agricultural machinery.

- They will ask you to sign a declaration allowing your doctor to disclose your medical details.

N-COUNT

declaration

noun

1.

statement

acknowledgment

affirmation

assertion

avowal

disclosure

protestation

revelation

testimony

2.

announcement

edict

notification

proclamation

profession

pronouncement

declare

[D.J.:diˈklɛə]

[K.K.:dɪˈklɛr]

vt.

宣布, 宣告; 声明

断言, 宣称

vi.

申报

declared

[diˈklɛəd]

adj.

公告的,公然的

declare ****

1. declare declares declaring declared
If you declare that something is true, you say that it is true in a firm, deliberate way. You can also declare an attitude or intention. (WRITTEN)

- Speaking outside Ten Downing Street, she declared that she would fight on.

- `I'm absolutely thrilled to have done what I've done,' he declared.

- He declared his intention to become the best golfer in the world.

- Glasses of Madeira wine were brought to us. We declared it delicious.

- He turned up in northern Cyprus, declaring himself happy to be home.

VB
= announce

2. declare declares declaring declared
If you declare something, you state officially and formally that it exists or is the case.

- The government is ready to declare a permanent ceasefire.

- His lawyers are confident that the judges will declare Mr Stevens innocent.

- The U.N. has declared it to be a safe zone.

- On striking his sword on the stone, he declared himself Lord of the City.

- The ceremony is a brief one. The bride and groom declare that there is no lawful impediment to the marriage and call upon the people present to witness the marriage.

VB

3. declare declares declaring declared
If you declare goods that you have bought in another country or money that you have earned, you say how much you have bought or earned so that you can pay tax on it.

- Declaring the wrong income by mistake will no longer lead to an automatic fine.

- She had nothing to declare, and was starting to go through the `Green' channel when she was stopped.

VB

declare

verb

1.

state

affirm

announce

assert

claim

maintain

proclaim

profess

pronounce

swear

utter

2.

make known

confess

disclose

reveal

show

declare for ****

declare for declares for; declaring for; declared for
If you declare for something or someone, you say that you are in favour of them.

- The Catalans declared for Charles and a civil war erupted in Valencia and Aragon.

- Only a month earlier, Mr. Stenholm had declared for the tax cut.

PHR-V

declassification

n.

不再当机密文件处理,从机密表删除

declassify

[D.J.:di:ˈklæsəˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:diˈklæsəˌfaɪ]

vt.

对(机密文件等)销密

declassification

n.

declassify

declassify declassifies declassifying declassified
If secret documents or records are declassified , it is officially stated that they are no longer secret.

- The existence of these reports only became known when some of them were declassified in 1985.

VB: usu passive

decline

[D.J.:diˈklain]

[K.K.:dɪˈklaɪn]

n.

下降, 减少, 衰退

vt. & vi.

辞谢; 谢绝(邀请等)

vi.

(太阳)落下

declining

adj.

倾斜的,衰退中的

decline ****

1. decline declines declining declined
If something declines , it becomes less in quantity, importance, or strength.

- The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000.

- Hourly output by workers declined 1.3% in the first quarter.

- Union membership and union power are declining fast.

- ...a declining birth rate.

VB

2. decline declines declining declined
If you decline something or decline to do something, you politely refuse to accept it or do it. (FORMAL)

- He declined their invitation.

- The band declined to comment on the story.

- He offered the boys some coffee. They declined politely.

VB

3. decline declines
If there is a decline in something, it becomes less in quantity, importance, or quality.

- There wasn't such a big decline in enrollments after all.

- ...Rome's decline in the fifth century...

- The first signs of economic decline became visible.

N-VAR: oft N with poss, N in n

4. decline
If something is in decline or on the decline , it is gradually decreasing in importance, quality, or power.

- Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is on the decline.

- He is still one of the world's most popular golfers, but his game is in decline.

PHR: v-link PHR

5. decline
If something goes or falls into decline , it begins to gradually decrease in importance, quality, or power.

- Libraries are an investment for the future and they should not be allowed to fall into decline.

PHR

decline

verb

1.

lessen

decrease

diminish

dwindle

ebb

fade

fall off

shrink

sink

wane

2.

deteriorate

decay

degenerate

droop

languish

pine

weaken

worsen

3.

refuse

abstain

avoid

reject

say `no'

turn down

noun

4.

lessening

downturn

drop

dwindling

falling off

recession

slump

5.

deterioration

decay

degeneration

failing

weakening

worsening

decode

[D.J.:di:ˈkəud]

[K.K.:diˈkod]

vt.

译(码), 解(码)

分析及译解电子信号

decoding

[diˈkəudiŋ]

n.

译码,解码

decode

1. decode decodes decoding decoded
If you decode a message that has been written or spoken in a code, you change it into ordinary language.

- All he had to do was decode it and pass it over.

- The secret documents were intercepted and decoded.

VB
= decipher

2. decode decodes decoding decoded
If you decode something such as a play or a work of art, or someone's behaviour, you manage to understand its meaning or what it implies, although this is not obvious.

- You don't need a Ph.D to decode their work, but they do try to challenge audiences with unconventional material.

VB

3. decode decodes decoding decoded
A device that decodes a broadcast signal changes it into a form that can be displayed on a television screen.

- About 60,000 subscribers have special adapters to receive and decode the signals.

VB

decode

verb

decipher

crack

decrypt

interpret

solve

unscramble

work out

decoder

[D.J.:di:ˈkəʊdə]

[K.K.:diˈkodɚ]

n.

解码器

decoder

decoder decoders
A decoder is a device used to decode messages or signals sent in code, for example the television signals from a satellite.
N-COUNT

decolonization

[di:ˌkɔlənaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

非殖民(地)化

decolonization

decolonization
Decolonization means giving political independence to a country that was previously a colony.
N-UNCOUNT (BRIT) also decolonisation
≠ colonization

decommission

[D.J.:ˌdi:kəˈmiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdikəˈmɪʃən]

vt.

使退役

decommissioning

退役

decommission

decommission decommissions decommissioning decommissioned
When something such as a nuclear reactor or a large machine is decommissioned , it is taken to pieces because it is no longer going to be used.

- A spokesman said HMS Warspite would be decommissioned as part of the defence cuts announced earlier this year.

- ...a decommissioned power plant in Colorado.

VB

decompose

[D.J.:ˌdi:kəmˈpəʊz]

[K.K.:ˌdikəmˈpoz]

vt. & vi.

(使某物)变坏, 腐烂

vt.

<化>分解(某物质、光线等)

decomposed

adj.

已分解的,已腐烂的

decompose *

1. decompose decomposes decomposing decomposed
When things such as dead plants or animals decompose , or something decomposes them, they change chemically and begin to decay.

- ...a dead body found decomposing in a wood...

- The debris slowly decomposes into compost.

- The mixture heated up to more than 150 degrees as various strains of furiously procreating bacteria decomposed and digested the garbage.

V-ERG
= rot decay

2. decomposed

- The body was too badly decomposed to be identified at once.

ADJ-GRADED

decompose

verb

rot

break up

crumble

decay

fall apart

fester

putrefy

decomposition

[D.J.:ˌdi:k ɔmpəˈzɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdik ɑmpəˈzɪʃən]

n.

分解

腐烂

decomposition

decomposition
Decomposition is the process of decay that takes place when a living thing changes chemically after dying. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

decompression

[D.J.:ˌdi:kəmˈpreʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdikəmˈprɛʃən]

n.

减压,解压

decompression

1. decompression
Decompression is the reduction of the force on something that is caused by the weight of the air.

- Decompression blew out a window in the plane.

N-UNCOUNT

2. decompression
Decompression is the process of bringing someone back to the normal pressure of the air after they have been deep underwater.

- ...after spending a short while in the decompression chamber.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

decongestant

[D.J.:ˌdi:kənˈdʒestənt]

[K.K.:ˌdikənˈdʒɛstənt]

n.

解充血药

decongestant

decongestant decongestants
A decongestant is a medicine which helps someone who has a cold to breathe more easily.
N-MASS

deconstruct

[D.J.:ˌdi:kənˈstrʌkt]

[K.K.:ˌdikənˈstrʌkt]

vt.

解构(文学作品等)

deconstruction

[D.J.:ˌdi:kənˈstrʌkʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdikənˈstrʌkʃən]

n.

解构,拆析(文学评论用语,指找出文本中自身逻辑矛盾或自我拆解因素,从而摧毁文本在人们心目中的传统建构)

deconstruct *

1. deconstruct deconstructs deconstructing deconstructed
In philosophy and literary criticism, to deconstruct an idea or text means to show the contradictions in its meaning, and to show how it does not fully explain what it claims to explain. (TECHNICAL)

- She sets up a rigorous intellectual framework to deconstruct various categories of film.

VB

2. deconstruction

- ...the deconstruction of the macho psyche.

N-UNCOUNT

decontaminate

[D.J.:ˈdi:kənˈtæmineit]

[K.K.:ˌdikənˈtæməˌnet]

vt.

净化,排除污染

decontamination

n.

净化,排除污染

decontaminate

1. decontaminate decontaminates decontaminating decontaminated
To decontaminate something means to remove all germs or dangerous substances from it.

- ...procedures for decontaminating pilots hit by chemical weapons.

VB

2. decontamination

- The land will require public money for decontamination.

N-UNCOUNT

decontrol

[D.J.:ˌdi:kənˈtrəul]

[K.K.:ˌdikənˈtrol]

v.

解除管制

decontrol

1. decontrol decontrols decontrolling decontrolled
When governments decontrol an activity, they remove controls from it so that companies or organizations have more freedom. (mainly AM)

- The Russian government chose not to decontrol oil and gas prices last January.

VB
= deregulate

2. decontrol decontrols
Also a noun.

- ...continuing decontrol of banking institutions.

N-VAR: oft n N, N of n

decor

[D.J.:ˈdeɪkɔ:]

n.

(房间、舞台等的)布置,装饰

decor *

decor
The decor of a house or room is its style of furnishing and decoration.

- The decor is simple -- black lacquer panels on white walls.

N-UNCOUNT

decor

noun

decoration

colour scheme

furnishing style

ornamentation

decorate

[D.J.:ˈdekəreit]

[K.K.:ˈdɛkəˌret]

vt.

装饰

授予(某人)勋章

decorating

美化

decoration

[D.J.:ˌdekəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛkəˈreʃən]

n.

装饰,装潢

装饰品

奖章,勋章

decorations

饰

decorate ***

1. decorate decorates decorating decorated
If you decorate something, you make it more attractive by adding things to it.

- He decorated his room with pictures of all his favorite sports figures.

- Simply collect shells and then experiment by using them to decorate boxes, trays, mirrors or even pots.

VB

2. decorate decorates decorating decorated
If you decorate a room or the inside of a building, you put new paint or wallpaper on the walls and ceiling, and paint the woodwork.

- When they came to decorate the rear bedroom, it was Jemma who had the final say.

- The boys are planning to decorate when they get the time.

- I had the flat decorated quickly so that Philippa could move in.

- ...a small, badly decorated office.

VB

3. decorating

- I did a lot of the decorating myself.

N-UNCOUNT

4. decoration

- From start to finish, the renovation process and decoration took four months.

N-UNCOUNT

5. decorate decorates decorating decorated
If something decorates a place or an object, it makes it look more attractive. (WRITTEN)

- Constable posters decorate the walls.

VB
= adorn

6. decorate decorates decorating decorated
If someone is decorated , they are given a medal or other honour as an official reward for something that they have done.

- Kramar was decorated for his services to the Communist Party.

VB: usu passive

decoration **

1. decoration
The decoration of a room is its furniture, wallpaper, and ornaments.

- The decoration and furnishings had to be practical enough for a family home.

- With its simple decoration, the main bedroom is a peaceful haven.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss
= decor

2. decoration decorations
Decorations are features that are added to something in order to make it look more attractive.

- The only wall decorations are candles and a single mirror.

- The planting of winter and spring-flowering bulbs will supply colourful decoration at a time when most gardens are looking fairly desolate.

N-VAR

3. decoration decorations
Decorations are brightly coloured objects such as pieces of paper and balloons, which you put up in a room on special occasions to make it look more attractive.

- Colorful streamers and festive paper decorations had been hung from the ceiling.

N-COUNT: usu pl

4. decoration decorations
A decoration is an official title or honour which is given to someone, usually in the form of a medal, as a reward for military bravery or public service.

- He was awarded several military decorations by grateful Allied governments.

N-COUNT
= award

decorate

verb

1.

adorn

beautify

embellish

festoon

grace

ornament

trim

2.

do up informal

colour

furbish

paint

paper

renovate

wallpaper

3.

pin a medal on

cite

confer an honour on or upon

decoration

noun

1.

adornment

beautification

elaboration

embellishment

enrichment

ornamentation

trimming

2.

ornament

bauble

frill

garnish

trimmings

3.

medal

award

badge

ribbon

star

decorative

[D.J.:ˈdekərətɪv, -əˌreɪ-]

[K.K.:ˈdɛkərətɪv, -əˌre-]

adj.

(物体或建筑)装饰性的;作装饰用的

decorative **

decorative
Something that is decorative is intended to look pretty or attractive.

- The curtains are for purely decorative purposes and do not open or close.

- ...highly decorative iron brackets.

ADJ-GRADED

decorative

adjective

ornamental

beautifying

fancy

nonfunctional

pretty

decorator

[D.J.:ˈdekəˌreɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈdɛkəˌretɚ]

n.

<英>油漆匠;裱糊匠

decorator *

1. decorator decorators
A decorator is a person whose job is to paint houses or put wallpaper up. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. decorator decorators
A decorator is a person who is employed to design and decorate the inside of people's houses. (AM; in BRIT use interior decorator )
N-COUNT

decorous

[D.J.:ˈdekərəs, dɪˈkɔ:rəs, -ˈkəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈdɛkərəs, dɪˈkɔrəs, -ˈkor-]

adj.

端庄得体的

decorously

adv.

有礼貌地,高雅地

decorous

1. decorous
Decorous behaviour is very respectable, calm, and polite. (FORMAL)

- They go for decorous walks every day in parks with their nanny.

ADJ-GRADED
= seemly proper

2. decorously

- He sipped his drink decorously.

ADV-GRADED

decorous

adjective

proper

becoming

correct

decent

dignified

fitting

polite

seemly

well-behaved

decorum

[D.J.:dɪˈkɔ:rəm, -ˈkəʊr-]

[K.K.:dɪˈkɔrəm, -ˈkor-]

n.

端庄得体

decorum

decorum
Decorum is behaviour that people consider to be correct, polite, and respectable. (FORMAL)

- I was treated with decorum and respect throughout the investigation.

N-UNCOUNT
= propriety

decorum

noun

propriety

decency

dignity

etiquette

good manners

politeness

protocol

respectability

decouple

[D.J.:diˈkʌpl]

[K.K.:diˈkʌpəl]

v.

减弱(核爆炸)震波

decoupling

[diˈkʌpliŋ]

n.

退耦(装置)

decouple

decouple decouples decoupling decoupled
If two countries, organizations, or ideas that were connected in some way are decoupled , the connection between them is ended. (FORMAL)

- This is exemplified in Trudeau's conception which decouples culture and politics.

- The issue threatened to decouple Europe from the United States.

- Other forms of discourse have successfully been decoupled from politics.

VB

decoy

[D.J.:ˈdi:ˌkɔɪ, dɪˈkɔɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdiˌkɔɪ, dɪˈkɔɪ]

n.

(用于诱捕鸟兽的)动物(或仿制物)

用于引诱某人落入圈套的人或物

vt.

用诱饵诱骗(某人或动物)落入圈套

decoy *

1. decoy decoys
If you refer to something or someone as a decoy , you mean that they are intended to attract people's attention and deceive them, for example by leading them into a trap or away from a particular place.

- Nick acted as a decoy after the dog attacked a group of children swimming in the river.

- A plane was waiting at the airport with its engines running but this was just one of the decoys.

N-COUNT

2. decoy decoys
A decoy is a model of a bird that is used to attract wild birds towards it so that people can study them or shoot them.
N-COUNT

decoy

noun

1.

lure

bait

enticement

inducement

pretence

trap

verb

2.

lure

deceive

ensnare

entice

entrap

seduce

tempt

decrease

[D.J.:di:ˈkri:s]

[K.K.:dɪˈkris]

vt. & vi.

(使)缩短; 减小, 减少

n.

减小, 降低

减少(量)

decreasing

[diˈkri:siŋ]

adj.

减少的,渐减的

decrease **

1. decrease decreases decreasing decreased
When something decreases or when you decrease it, it becomes less in quantity, size, or intensity.

- Population growth is decreasing by 1.4% each year.

- The number of independent firms decreased from 198 to 96.

- Raw-steel production by the nation's mills decreased 2.1% last week.

- Since 1945 air forces have decreased in size.

- Gradually decrease the amount of vitamin C you are taking when you begin to feel better.

- We've got stable labor, decreasing interest rates, low oil prices.

V-ERG

2. decrease decreases
A decrease is a reduction in the quantity, size, or intensity of something.

- In Spain and Portugal there has been a decrease in the number of young people out of work.

- Bank base rates have fallen from 10 per cent to 6 per cent -- a decrease of 40 per cent.

N-COUNT: oft N in/of n

decrease

verb

1.

lessen

cut down

decline

diminish

drop

dwindle

lower

reduce

shrink

subside

noun

2.

lessening

contraction

cutback

decline

dwindling

falling off

loss

reduction

subsidence

decree

[D.J.:diˈkri:]

[K.K.:dɪˈkri]

n.

命令, 法令, 政令

判决

vt.

命令, 裁决; 颁布…为法令

decree **

1. decree decrees
A decree is an official order or decision, especially one made by the ruler of a country.

- In July he issued a decree ordering all unofficial armed groups in the country to disband.

- He is prepared to use his recently-acquired powers to introduce reform by presidential decree.

N-COUNT: also by N

2. decree decrees decreeing decreed
If someone in authority decrees that something must happen, they decide or state this officially.

- The government decreed that all who wanted to live and work in Kenya must hold Kenyan passports.

- Within 48 hours the king got the two deputies off the hook by decreeing a general amnesty.

VB

3. decree decrees
A decree is a judgement made by a law court. (mainly AM)

- ...court decrees.

N-COUNT

decree

noun

1.

law

act

command

edict

order

proclamation

ruling

statute

verb

2.

order

command

demand

ordain

prescribe

proclaim

pronounce

rule

decree absolute

decree absolute decrees absolute
A decree absolute is the final order made by a court in a divorce case which ends a marriage completely.
N-COUNT: usu sing

decree nisi

decree nisi decrees nisi
A decree nisi is an order made by a court which states that a divorce must take place at a certain time in the future unless a good reason is produced to prevent this.
N-COUNT: usu sing

decrepit

[D.J.:dɪˈkrepɪt]

[K.K.:dɪˈkrɛpɪt]

adj.

衰老的,老朽的,破旧的

decrepit

decrepit
Something that is decrepit is old and in bad condition. Someone who is decrepit is old and weak.

- The film had been shot in a decrepit old police station.

- ...a decrepit old man.

ADJ-GRADED

decrepit

adjective

1.

weak

aged

doddering

feeble

frail

infirm

2.

worn-out

battered

beat-up informal

broken-down

dilapidated

ramshackle

rickety

run-down

tumbledown

weather-beaten

decrepitude

[D.J.:dɪˈkrepɪˌtu:d, -ˌtju:d]

[K.K.:dɪˈkrɛpɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

衰老;老朽

decrepitude

decrepitude
Decrepitude is the state of being very old and in poor condition. (FORMAL)

- Even opposite the Presidential residence there was a general air of decrepitude and neglect.

N-UNCOUNT

decriminalization

[di:ˌkriminəlaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

合法化

decriminalize

[D.J.:di:ˈkrɪmənəˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:diˈkrɪmənəˌlaɪz]

vt.

非刑事化

decriminalize

1. decriminalize decriminalizes decriminalizing decriminalized
When a criminal offence is decriminalized , the law changes so that it is no longer a criminal offence.

- An important question to consider is whether prostitution should be decriminalized in this country.

VB (BRIT) also decriminalise

2. decriminalization

- ...the decriminalisation of homosexuality in the Isle of Man.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

decry

[D.J.:dɪˈkraɪ]

[K.K.:dɪˈkraɪ]

vt.

<正>公开反对;谴责

decry

decry decries decrying decried
If someone decries an idea or action, they criticize it strongly. (FORMAL)

- He is impatient with those who decry the scheme.

- Anyone who decries this as a waste of money should consider how much has been spent repairing motorways in the last 25 years.

VB
= condemn

decry

verb

condemn

belittle

criticize

denigrate

denounce

discredit

disparage

put down

run down

dedicate

[D.J.:ˈdedikeit]

[K.K.:ˈdɛdɪˌket]

vt.

奉献; 贡献

dedicated

[D.J.:ˈdedɪˌkeɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈdɛdɪˌketɪd]

adj.

专注的;献身的

<电脑>专用的

dedication

[D.J.:ˌdedɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛdɪˈkeʃən]

n.

奉献,献身

献身精神

(书等作品上的)题词,献词

dedicate **

1. dedicate dedicates dedicating dedicated
If you say that someone has dedicated themselves to something, you approve of the fact that they have decided to give a lot of time and effort to it because they think that it is important.

- Back on the island, he dedicated himself to politics.

- Bessie has dedicated her life to caring for others.

VB approval
= devote

2. dedicated

- He's quite dedicated to his students.

- ...a company staffed by capable and dedicated people.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

3. dedication

- We admire her courage, compassion and dedication to the cause of humanity, justice and peace.

- To be successful takes hard work and dedication.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n

4. dedicate dedicates dedicating dedicated
If someone dedicates something such as a book, play, or piece of music to you, they mention your name, for example in the front of a book or when a piece of music is performed, as a way of showing affection or respect for you.

- She dedicated her first album to Woody Allen, whom she says understands her obsession.

- This book is dedicated to the memory of my mother.

VB

5. dedicate dedicates dedicating dedicated
If a building or church is dedicated to someone, a formal ceremony is held to show that the building will always be associated with them.

- The other day, in a little church near Brighton, a window was dedicated to the memory of the Revd. Michael Scott.

- The church is dedicated to St Mary of Bec.

VB: usu passive

6. dedication

- ...the dedication of the Holocaust Museum...

- Some 250 guests attended the dedication ceremony.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

dedicated **

1. dedicated
You use dedicated to describe someone who enjoys a particular activity very much and spends a lot of time doing it.

- Her great-grandfather had clearly been a dedicated and stoical traveller.

- ...dedicated followers of classical music.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. dedicated
You use dedicated to describe something that is made, built, or designed for one particular purpose or thing.

- Such areas should also be served by dedicated cycle routes.

- ...the world's first museum dedicated to ecology.

ADJ: oft ADJ to n

dedication

dedication dedications
A dedication is a message which is written at the beginning of a book, or a short announcement which is sometimes made before a play or piece of music is performed, as a sign of affection or respect for someone.
N-COUNT
See also dedicate .

dedicate

verb

1.

devote

commit

give over to

pledge

surrender

2.

inscribe

address

dedicated

adjective

devoted

committed

enthusiastic

purposeful

single-minded

wholehearted

zealous

dedication

noun

1.

devotion

adherence

allegiance

commitment

faithfulness

loyalty

single-mindedness

wholeheartedness

2.

inscription

address

message

deduce

[D.J.:diˈdju:s]

[K.K.:dɪˈdus, -ˈdjus]

vt.

推论, 演绎

deduce *

deduce deduces deducing deduced
If you deduce something or deduce that something is true, you reach that conclusion because of other things that you know to be true.

- Alison had got to work and cleverly deduced that I was the author of the letter.

- The date of the document can be deduced from references to the Civil War.

- ...hoping he hadn't deduced the reason for her visit.

VB
= infer

deduce

verb

conclude

draw

gather

glean

infer

reason

take to mean

understand

deduct

[D.J.:diˈdʌkt]

[K.K.:dɪˈdʌkt]

vt.

扣除, 减去

deduct **

deduct deducts deducting deducted
When you deduct an amount from a total, you subtract it from the total.

- The company deducted this payment from his compensation.

- Up to 5% of marks in the exams will be deducted for spelling mistakes.

VB

deduct

verb

subtract

decrease by

knock off informal

reduce by

remove

take away

take off

deduction

[D.J.:dɪˈdʌkʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈdʌkʃən]

n.

扣除, 减除

扣除的量

推演, 推理

结论

deduction **

1. deduction deductions
A deduction is a conclusion that you have reached about something because of other things that you know to be true.

- It was a pretty astute deduction.

- My mother had consequently made her own shrewd deductions about what was going on in my marriage.

N-COUNT: oft N about n

2. deduction
Deduction is the process of reaching a conclusion about something because of other things that you know to be true.

- Miss Allan beamed at him. `You are clever to guess. I'm sure I don't know how you did it.' --- `Deduction,' James said.

N-UNCOUNT

3. deduction deductions
A deduction is an amount that has been subtracted from a total.

- ...your gross income (before tax and National Insurance deductions)...

- After deductions for war reparations, the balance would be used to buy food and humanitarian supplies.

N-COUNT

4. deduction
Deduction is the act or process of subtracting an amount of money from a total amount.

- After the deduction of tax at 20 per cent, the interest rate will be 6.2 per cent.

N-UNCOUNT

deduction

noun

1.

subtraction

decrease

diminution

discount

reduction

withdrawal

2.

conclusion

assumption

finding

inference

reasoning

result

deductive

[D.J.:diˈdʌktiv]

[K.K.:dɪˈdʌktɪv]

adj.

推论的,演绎的

deductive

deductive
Deductive reasoning involves drawing conclusions logically from other things that are already known. (FORMAL)

- She didn't seem at all impressed by his deductive powers.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

deed

[D.J.:di:d]

[K.K.:did]

n.

行为, 行动

〈律〉契约, 证书

deed *

1. deed deeds
A deed is something that is done, especially something that is very good or very bad. (LITERARY)

- His heroic deeds were celebrated in every corner of India.

- ...the warm feeling one gets from doing a good deed...

- The perpetrators of this evil deed must be brought to justice.

N-COUNT
= act

2. deed deeds
A deed is a document containing the terms of an agreement, especially an agreement concerning the ownership of land or a building. (LEGAL)

- He asked if I had the deeds to his father's property.

N-COUNT

deed

noun

1.

action

achievement

act

exploit

fact

feat

performance

2.

document

contract

title

deed poll

deed poll
In Britain, if you change your name by deed poll , you change it officially and legally.
PHR: PHR after v

deem

[D.J.:di:m]

[K.K.:dim]

vt.

认为, 相信

deem **

deem deems deeming deemed
If something is deemed to have a particular quality or to do a particular thing, it is considered to have that quality or do that thing. (FORMAL)

- French and German were deemed essential.

- He says he would support the use of force if the UN deemed it necessary.

- I was deemed to be a competent shorthand typist.

VB
= judge

deep

[D.J.:di:p]

[K.K.:dip]

adj.

深的

位于深处的, 纵深的

深色的, 浓重的

声音低沉的

强烈的, 极度的, 深厚的

严重的, 深厚的

理解深刻的

深奥的, 神秘的

adv.

深入地, 深深地

到很晚

deeply

[D.J.:ˈdi:plɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdiplɪ]

adv.

在深处;到深处

强烈地;深刻地

浓浓地;深沉地

精心地;巧妙地

deep ****

1. deep deeper deepest
If something is deep , it extends a long way down from the ground or from the top surface of something.

- The water is very deep and mysterious-looking.

- Den had dug a deep hole in the centre of the garden.

- Kelly swore quietly, looking at the deep cut on his left hand.

- ...a deep ravine.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ shallow

2. deep
Also an adverb.

- Deep in the earth's crust the rock may be subjected to temperatures high enough to melt it.

- Gingerly, she put her hand in deeper, to the bottom.

ADV-GRADED: ADV prep/adv, ADV after v

3. deeply

- There isn't time to dig deeply and put in manure or compost.

- It removes deeply embedded dirt and grease so allowing your horse's skin to breathe more easily.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj/-ed

4. deep deeper deepest
A deep container, such as a cupboard, extends or measures a long distance from front to back.

- The wardrobe was very deep.

ADJ-GRADED

5. deep deeper deepest
You use deep to talk or ask about how much something measures from the surface to the bottom, or from front to back.

- I found myself in water only three feet deep.

- The mud is ankle deep around Shush Square.

- How deep did the snow get?

ADJ-GRADED: amount ADJ, n ADJ, how ADJ, as ADJ as , ADJ-compar than

6. deep
Also a combining form.

- ...an inch-deep stab wound.

- ...one of the many points on the river where the water runs thigh-deep.

COMB in ADJ

7. deep
Deep in an area means a long way inside it.

- Picking up his bag the giant strode off deep into the forest.

- ...deep inside the country...

- The first goal originated from a free-kick deep inside Everton's half.

ADV-GRADED: ADV prep/adv, ADV after v

8. deep deeper deepest
In sports such as soccer, football, and tennis, a deep shot or pass is one that sends the ball a long way towards the end of the pitch or court. (JOURNALISM)

- ...Steve Staunton's deep cross.

- ...a deep volley.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ short

9. deep
If you say that things or people are two, three, or four deep , you mean that there are two, three, or four rows or layers of them there.

- A crowd three deep seemed paralysed by the images on these monitors.

- The rest of the space was taken up by cardboard boxes piled right to the ceiling, ten deep.

ADV: num ADV

10. deep deeper deepest
You use deep to emphasize the seriousness, strength, importance, or degree of something.

- I had a deep admiration for Sartre.

- ...a period of deep personal crisis...

- This attitude was in deep contrast with popular feeling in the rest of Italy.

- He wants to express his deep sympathy to the family.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis
= profound

11. deeply

- Our meetings and conversations left me deeply depressed.

- He loved his brother deeply.

ADV-GRADED
= profoundly

12. deep
If you experience or feel something deep inside you or deep down, you feel it very strongly even though you do not necessarily show it.

- I kept reassuring them but deep in my heart I knew we had no hope.

- Deep down, she supported her husband's involvement in the organization.

ADV-GRADED: ADV prep/adv, ADV with cl
= inwardly

13. deep deeper deepest
If you are in a deep sleep, you are sleeping peacefully and it is difficult to wake you.

- Una soon fell into a deep sleep.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
≠ light

14. deeply

- She slept deeply but woke early.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

15. deep deeper deepest
If you are deep in thought or deep in conversation, you are concentrating very hard on what you are thinking or saying and are not aware of the things that are happening around you.

- Abby had been so deep in thought that she had walked past her aunt's car without even seeing it.

- Before long, we were deep in conversation.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ in n
= engrossed

16. deep
A deep look seems to see right into your mind. (LITERARY)

- Peter gave him a long deep look.

ADJ: ADJ n

17. deep
Also an adverb.

- He paused, staring deep into Mary's eyes.

ADV-GRADED

18. deeply

- That's when he turned to me, looked deeply into my eyes and said, `Something's happening and we both feel it, don't we?'

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV prep

19. deep deeper deepest
A deep breath or sigh uses or fills the whole of your lungs.

- Cal took a long, deep breath, struggling to control his own emotions.

- At last he gave a deep sigh.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

20. deeply

- She sighed deeply and covered her face with her hands.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

21. deep
You use deep to describe colours that are strong and fairly dark.

- The sky was peach-colored in the east, deep blue and starry in the west.

- The tree has gnarled red branches and deep green leaves.

COMB in COLOUR
≠ pale

22. deep deeper deepest
Also an adjective.

- These Amish cushions in traditional deep colours are available in two sizes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ pale

23. deep deeper deepest
A deep sound is low in pitch.

- His voice was deep and mellow.

- They heard a deep, distant roar.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ high

24. deep deeper deepest
If you describe someone as deep , you mean that they are quiet and reserved in a way that makes you think that they have good qualities such as intelligence or determination.

- James is a very deep individual.

- That expressionless face had seemed deep and mysterious.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ shallow

25. deep deeper deepest
If you describe something such as a problem or a piece of writing as deep , you mean that it is important, serious, or complicated.

- This is a very deep question.

- They're written as adventure stories. They're not intended to be deep.

ADJ-GRADED

26. deep
If you are deep in debt, you have a lot of debts.

- He is so deep in debt and desperate for money that he's apparently willing to say anything.

- The company is sliding even deeper into the red.

ADV-GRADED: ADV in/into n

27. deeply

- Because of her medical and her legal bills, she is now penniless and deeply in debt.

ADV-GRADED: ADV in/into n

28. deep
The deep means the sea. (LITERARY)

- ...a vast unfrequented pool, traversed by whales and creatures of the deep.

N-SING: the N

29. deep
If you know something deep down or deep down inside , you know that it is true, but you are not always conscious of it or willing to admit it to yourself.

- We knew deep down that we could do it.

- Deep down, we had always detested each other.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR with cl

30. deep
If you say that you took a deep breath before doing something dangerous or frightening, you mean that you tried to make yourself feel strong and confident.

- I took a deep breath and went in.

PHR: V inflects

31. deep
If you say that something goes deep or runs deep , you mean that it is very serious or strong and is hard to change.

- His anger and anguish clearly went deep.

- The problems went deeper than mere teething difficulties.

PHR: V inflects

deep

adjective Law

1.

wide

bottomless

broad

far

profound

unfathomable

yawning

2.

mysterious

abstract

abstruse

arcane

esoteric

hidden

obscure

recondite

secret

3.

intense

extreme

grave

great

profound

serious informal

unqualified

4.

absorbed

engrossed

immersed

lost

preoccupied

rapt

5.

dark

intense

rich

strong

vivid

6.

low

bass

booming

low-pitched

resonant

sonorous

noun

the deep

7.

ocean

briny informal

high seas

main

sea

deeply

adverb

1.

thoroughly

completely

gravely

profoundly

seriously

severely

to the core

to the heart

to the quick

2.

intensely

acutely

affectingly

distressingly

feelingly

mournfully

movingly

passionately

sadly

deepen

[D.J.:ˈdi:pən]

[K.K.:ˈdipən]

vt. & vi.

变深, 加深

deepening

[ˈdi:pəniŋ]

n.

加深,气旋加深

deepen **

1. deepen deepens deepening deepened
If a situation or emotion deepens or if something deepens it, it becomes stronger and more intense.

- If this is not stopped, the financial crisis will deepen.

- If anything, Sloan's uneasiness deepened.

- My marriage was rough, but it deepened my emotions, it made me think about life.

V-ERG

2. deepen deepens deepening deepened
If you deepen your knowledge or understanding of a subject, you learn more about it and become more interested in it.

- The course is an exciting opportunity for anyone wishing to deepen their understanding of themselves and other people.

VB
= extend

3. deepen deepens deepening deepened
When light or a colour deepens or is deepened , it becomes darker. (LITERARY)

- Dusk was deepening as they drove back to the lights of Shillingham.

- This spice is used particularly in poultry feed to deepen the colour of egg yolks.

V-ERG

4. deepen deepens deepening deepened
When a sound deepens or is deepened , it becomes lower in tone.

- Her voice has deepened and coarsened with the years.

- The music room had been made to reflect and deepen sounds.

V-ERG

5. deepen deepens deepening deepened
When your breathing deepens , or you deepen it, you take more air into your lungs when you breathe.

- He heard her breathing deepen.

- When you are ready to finish the exercise, gradually deepen your breathing.

V-ERG

6. deepen deepens deepening deepened
If people deepen something, they increase its depth by digging out its lower surface.

- A major project has now begun to deepen the main approach channel to a depth of between 12.5m and 13.0m.

- The tunnels have been widened and deepened.

VB

7. deepen deepens deepening deepened
Something such as a river or a sea deepens where the bottom begins to slope downwards.

- As we drew nearer to it the water gradually deepened.

VB

deepen

verb Poetic

intensify

grow

increase

magnify

reinforce

strengthen

deep freeze

deep freeze deep freezes
A deep freeze is the same as a freezer .
N-COUNT also deep-freeze .

deep-fry

[D.J.:ˈdi:pˈfraɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdipˈfraɪ]

v.

油炸

deep-fry

deep-fry deep-fries deep-frying deep-fried
If you deep-fry food, you fry it in a large amount of fat or oil.

- Heat the oil and deep-fry the fish fillets.

- ...deep-fried chicken and chips.

VB

deep-rooted

[D.J.:ˈdi:pˈru:tɪd, -ˈrʊtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈdipˈrutɪd, -ˈrʊtɪd]

adj.

根深蒂固的

deep-rooted

deep-rooted
Deep-rooted means the same as deep-seated .

- ...long-term solutions to a deep-rooted problem.

- ...the deep-rooted divisions and suspicions between the two superpowers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= deep-seated

deep-sea

[D.J.:ˈdi:pˈsi:]

[K.K.:ˈdipˈsi]

adj.

深海的,远洋的

deep-sea

deep-sea
Deep-sea activities take place in the areas of the sea that are a long way from the coast.

- ...deep-sea diving.

- ...a deep-sea fisherman.

ADJ: ADJ n

deep-seated

[D.J.:ˈdi:pˈsi:tɪd]

[K.K.:ˈdipˈsitɪd]

adj.

根深蒂固的,深层的

deep-seated *

deep-seated
A deep-seated problem, feeling, or belief is difficult to change because its causes have been there for a long time.

- The country is still suffering from deep-seated economic problems.

- ...our morbid and deep-seated fear of death.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= deep-rooted ingrained

deep-set

[ˈdi:pset]

adj.

牢固的,(眼睛等)深陷的,根深蒂固的

deep-set

deep-set
Deep-set eyes seem to be further back in the face than most people's eyes. (WRITTEN)

- He had black hair and deep-set brown eyes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

Deep South

Deep South
The Deep South consists of the states that are furthest south in the United States.
N-SING: the N

deer

[D.J.:diə]

[K.K.:dɪr]

n.

鹿

deer **

deer
A deer is a large wild animal that eats grass and leaves. A male deer usually has large, branching horns.
N-COUNT deer is both the singular and the plural form

deerstalker

[D.J.:ˈdiəstɔ:kə]

[K.K.:ˈdɪrˌstɔkɚ]

n.

猎鹿人,猎鹿帽

deerstalker

deerstalker deerstalkers
A deerstalker is an old-fashioned hat with parts at the sides which can be folded down to cover the ears. Deerstalkers are usually worn by men.
N-COUNT

deface

[D.J.:diˈfeis]

[K.K.:dɪˈfes]

vt.

损伤外观,丑化,使失面子

deface

deface defaces defacing defaced
If someone defaces something such as a wall or a notice, they spoil it by writing or drawing things on it.

- It's illegal to deface banknotes.

VB

deface

verb

vandalize

damage

deform

disfigure

mar

mutilate

spoil

tarnish

de facto *

1. de facto
De facto is used to indicate that something is a particular thing, even though it was not planned or intended to be that thing. (FORMAL)

- This might be interpreted as a de facto recognition of the republic's independence.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ de jure

2. de facto
Also an adverb.

- German unity has now de facto replaced the signing of such a treaty.

ADV: ADV with cl

de facto

adverb

1.

in fact

actually

in effect

in reality

really

adjective

2.

actual

existing

real

defamation

[D.J.:ˌdefəˈmeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛfəˈmeʃən]

n.

诽谤, 中伤

defamation

defamation
Defamation is the damaging of someone's good reputation by saying something bad and untrue about them. (FORMAL)

- He was considering suing for defamation.

N-UNCOUNT
= slander

defamatory

[D.J.:diˈfæmətəri]

adj.

诽谤的, 中伤的

defamatory

defamatory
Speech or writing that is defamatory is likely to damage someone's good reputation by saying something bad and untrue about them. (FORMAL)

- The article was highly defamatory.

ADJ-GRADED
= slanderous

defame

[D.J.:dɪˈfeɪm]

[K.K.:dɪˈfem]

vt.

诽谤, 中伤

defame

defame defames defaming defamed
If someone defames another person or thing, they say bad and untrue things about them. (FORMAL)

- Sgt Norwood complained that the article defamed him.

VB

defame

verb

slander

bad-mouth slang chiefly U.S. & Canad.

cast aspersions on

denigrate

discredit

disparage

knock informal

libel

malign

smear

default

[D.J.:diˈfɔ:lt]

[K.K.:dɪˈfɔlt]

vi.

违约; 拖欠债务

弃权

n.

违约; 缺席; 拖欠

弃权

default **

1. default defaults defaulting defaulted
If a person, company, or country defaults on something that they have legally agreed to do, such as paying some money or doing a piece of work before a particular time, they fail to do it. (LEGAL)

- The credit card business is down, and more borrowers are defaulting on loans.

- The first warning signals came in March when the company defaulted on its initial payment of £40 million.

VB

2. default
Also a noun.

- The corporation may be charged with default on its contract with the government.

- The creditors haven't declared them in default.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N prep, in N

3. default
A default situation is what exists or happens unless someone or something changes it.

- Sometimes he simply keyed in default passwords installed on commercial machines and left unaltered by buyers.

- Death, not life, is the default state of cells.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. default
If something happens by default , it happens only because something else which might have prevented it or changed it has not happened. (FORMAL)

- Spassky won the first game, and was awarded by the second by default, when Fischer failed to put in an appearance.

- I would rather pay the individuals than let the money go to the State by default.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR with cl

5. default
If something happens in default of something else, it happens because that other thing does not happen or proves to be impossible. (FORMAL)

- Malvolio becomes, in default of competition, the play's moral centre.

PHR-PREP: PREP n/-ing

default

noun

1.

failure

deficiency

dereliction

evasion

lapse

neglect

nonpayment

omission

verb

2.

fail

dodge

evade

neglect

defaulter

[diˈfɔ:ltə(r),diˈfɔltə]

n.

不履行者,违反军规者,缺席者

defaulter

defaulter defaulters
A defaulter is someone who does not do something that they are legally supposed to do, such as make a payment at a particular time, or appear in a court of law.
N-COUNT

defeat

[D.J.:diˈfi:t]

[K.K.:dɪˈfit]

vt.

击败, 战胜

挫败, 使落空

使困惑, 难住

n.

战胜, 挫败

战败, 失败

defeat ****

1. defeat defeats defeating defeated
If you defeat someone, you win a victory over them in a battle, game, or contest.

- His guerrillas defeated the colonial army in 1954.

- The NHL Stanley Cup was won by the Montreal Canadians, who defeated the Boston Bruins four games to one.

VB
= beat ≠ lose to

2. defeat defeats defeating defeated
If a proposal or motion in a debate is defeated , more people vote against it than for it.

- In 1972 a proposal to knock down the 18th-century cloth market was defeated by just one vote.

VB: usu passive
= beat

3. defeat defeats defeating defeated
If a task or a problem defeats you, it is so difficult that you cannot do it or solve it.

- There were times when the structural challenges of constructing such a huge novel almost defeated her.

VB

4. defeat defeats defeating defeated
To defeat an action or plan means to cause it to fail.

- The navy played a limited but significant role in defeating the rebellion.

- He swore to defeat Odin's plan.

VB
= thwart

5. defeat defeats
Defeat is the experience of being beaten in a battle, game, or contest, or of failing to achieve what you wanted to.

- The most important thing is not to admit defeat until you really have to.

- The vote is seen as something of a defeat for the anti-abortion lobby.

- A 2-1 defeat by Sweden left them bottom of Group One.

N-VAR

defeat

verb

1.

beat

conquer

crush

master

overwhelm

rout

trounce

vanquish

wipe the floor with informal

2.

frustrate

baffle

balk

confound

foil

get the better of

ruin

thwart

noun

3.

conquest

beating

overthrow

pasting slang

rout

4.

frustration

failure

rebuff

reverse

setback

thwarting

defeatism

[D.J.:dɪˈfi:ˌtɪzəm]

[K.K.:dɪˈfiˌtɪzəm]

n.

失败主义

defeatism

defeatism
Defeatism is a way of thinking or talking which suggests that you expect to be unsuccessful.

- ...the mood of economic defeatism.

N-UNCOUNT

defeatist

[D.J.:dɪˈfi:tɪst]

adj.

失败主义 (者)的

defeatist

1. defeatist defeatists
A defeatist is someone who thinks or talks in a way that suggests that they expect to be unsuccessful.
N-COUNT

2. defeatist
Also an adjective.

- There is no point going out there with a defeatist attitude.

ADJ-GRADED

defeatist

noun

1.

pessimist

prophet of doom

quitter

adjective

2.

pessimistic

defecate

[D.J.:ˈdefikeit]

[K.K.:ˈdɛfɪˌket]

v.

澄清

defecation

[ˌdefiˈkeiʃən]

n.

澄清,净化,通便

defecate

1. defecate defecates defecating defecated
When people and animals defecate , they get rid of waste matter from their body through their anus. (FORMAL)

- Animals defecate after every meal.

VB

2. defecation

- The drug has side-effects including sweating, vomiting and involuntary defecation.

N-UNCOUNT

defect

[D.J.:diˈfekt]

[K.K.:ˈdiˌfɛkt, dɪˈfɛkt]

n.

缺点, 过失, 瑕疵

vi.

变节, 叛变, 脱离

defection

[D.J.:dɪˈfekʃɵn]

n.

(对国家、事业等的)背叛

defect **

1. defect defects
A defect is a fault or imperfection in a person or thing.

- He was born with a hearing defect.

- ...a defect in the aircraft caused the crash...

- A report has pointed out the defects of the present system.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= imperfection

2. defect defects defecting defected
If you defect , you leave your country, political party, or other group, and join an opposing country, party, or group.

- He tried to defect to the West last year.

- He defected from the party in the late 1970s.

- ...a KGB officer who defected in 1963.

VB

3. defection defections

- ...the defection of at least sixteen Parliamentary deputies.

N-VAR

defect

noun

1.

imperfection

blemish

blotch

error

failing

fault

flaw

spot

taint

verb

2.

desert

abandon

change sides

go over

rebel

revolt

walk out on informal

defection

noun

desertion

apostasy

rebellion

defective

[D.J.:dɪˈfektɪv]

[K.K.:dɪˈfɛktɪv]

adj.

有错误的,有缺陷的;不完美的,有瑕疵的

defectiveness

n.

defectiveness

n.

有缺陷,缺乏

defective *

defective
If something is defective , there is something wrong with it and it does not work properly.

- Her sight was becoming defective.

- Retailers can return defective merchandise.

ADJ-GRADED

defective

adjective

faulty

broken

deficient

flawed

imperfect

not working

on the blink slang

out of order

defector

[D.J.:dɪˈfektə]

[K.K.:dɪˈf ɛktɚ]

n.

叛离者;逃兵;背叛者

defector *

defector defectors
A defector is someone who leaves their country, political party, or other group, and joins an opposing country, party, or group.
N-COUNT: usu with supp

defector

noun

deserter

apostate

renegade

turncoat

defence

[D.J.:diˈfens]

[K.K.:dɪˈfɛns]

n.

防御, 保卫, 保护

防御工事

辩护, 答辩

defence ****

1. defence
Defence is action that is taken to protect someone or something against attack.

- The land was flat, giving no scope for defence.

- By wielding a knife in defence you run the risk of having it used against you.

N-UNCOUNT The spelling defense is used in American English

2. defence
Defence is the organization of a country's armies and weapons, and their use to protect the country or its interests.

- Twenty eight percent of the federal budget is spent on defense.

- ...the French defence minister.

- ...a five per cent cut in defence spending.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n The spelling defense is used in American English

3. defence defences
The defences of a country or region are all its armed forces and weapons.

- He emphasised the need to maintain Britain's defences at a level sufficient to deal with the unexpected.

N-PLURAL The spelling defense is used in American English

4. defence defences
A defence is something that people or animals can use or do to protect themselves.

- Despite anything the science of medicine may have achieved, the immune system is our main defence against disease.

- The boy could have felt sorry for himself and become depressed, or he could have adopted hardened cynicism as a defense.

N-COUNT: oft N against n The spelling defense is used in American English
= protection

5. defence defences
A defence is something that you say or write which supports ideas or actions that have been criticized or questioned.

- Chomsky's defence of his approach goes further.

- The Party Congress has closed with a spirited defence of the government's economic programme from the Deputy Prime Minister.

- `I've never used my Nigerian name, even before I was Chrystal Rose,' she said in defence.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, also in N The spelling defense is used in American English
= justification ≠ attack

6. defence defences
In a court of law, an accused person's defence is the process of presenting evidence in their favour.

- He has insisted on conducting his own defence.

N-COUNT: oft with poss The spelling defense is used in American English

7. defence
The defence is the case that is presented by a lawyer in a trial for the person who has been accused of a crime. You can also refer to this person's lawyers as the defence .

- The defence was that the records of the interviews were fabricated by the police.

- The defence pleaded insanity, but the defendant was found guilty and sentenced.

- ...defence lawyers.

N-SING: usu the N The spelling defense is used in American English

8. defence
In games such as soccer, football, or hockey, the defence is the group of players in a team who try to stop the opposing players scoring a goal or a point.

- Their defence, so strong last season, has now conceded 12 goals in six games.

- I still prefer to play in defence.

N-SING-COLL: oft poss N, also in N The spelling defense is used in American English
≠ attack

9. defence
If you come to someone's defence , you help them by doing or saying something to protect them.

- He realized none of his schoolmates would come to his defense.

- Tony sprang to the defence of the 21-year-old, saying he was not to blame.

PHR: PHR after v The spelling defense is used in American English

defence

noun

1.

protection

cover

guard

immunity

resistance

safeguard

security

shelter

2.

shield

barricade

bulwark

buttress

fortification

rampart

3.

argument

excuse

explanation

justification

plea

vindication

4.

plea

alibi

denial

rebuttal

testimony

defenceless

[diˈfenslis]

adj.

〈主英〉无防御的;无保护的;不能自卫的,无助的

defenceless

defenceless
If someone or something is defenceless , they are weak and unable to defend themselves properly.

- ...a savage attack on a defenceless young girl.

- ...the kind of leader who would leave the country isolated and defenceless.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) defenseless
= vulnerable

defenceless

adjective Law

helpless

exposed

naked

powerless

unarmed

unguarded

unprotected

vulnerable

wide open

defence mechanism

defence mechanism defence mechanisms
A defence mechanism is a way of behaving or thinking which is not conscious or deliberate and is an automatic reaction to unpleasant experiences or feelings such as anxiety and fear.
N-COUNT

defend

[D.J.:diˈfend]

[K.K.:dɪˈfɛnd]

vt. & vi.

保卫

辩护; 辩解

defend ****

1. defend defends defending defended
If you defend someone or something, you take action in order to protect them.

- Every man who could fight was now committed to defend the ridge.

- His courage in defending religious and civil rights inspired many outside the church.

- They would have killed him if he had not defended himself.

- In 1991 he and his friends defended themselves against some white racist thugs who set upon them for no other reason than their skin colour.

VB

2. defend defends defending defended
If you defend someone or something when they have been criticized, you argue in support of them.

- Clarence's move was unpopular, but Matt had to defend it, like he defended all of Clarence's decisions, right or wrong.

- The author defends herself against charges of racism by noting that blacks are only one of her targets.

- Police chiefs strongly defended police conduct against a wave of criticism.

VB

3. defend defends defending defended
When a lawyer defends a person who has been accused of something, the lawyer argues on their behalf in a court of law that the charges are not true.

- ...a lawyer who defended political prisoners during the military regime...

- He has hired a lawyer to defend him against the allegations.

- Guy Powell, defending, told London's Marlborough Street magistrates: `It's a sad and disturbing case.'

VB

4. defend defends defending defended
When a sports player plays in the tournament which they won the previous time it was held, you can say that they are defending their title. (JOURNALISM)

- Torrence expects to defend her title successfully in the next Olympics.

- India had to struggle to beat defending champions South Korea 2-0.

VB

defend

verb

1.

protect

cover

guard

keep safe

preserve

safeguard

screen

shelter

shield

2.

support

champion

endorse

justify

speak up for

stand up for

stick up for informal

uphold

vindicate

defendant

[D.J.:diˈfendənt]

[K.K.:dɪˈfɛndənt]

n.

被告

defendant **

defendant defendants
A defendant is a person who has been accused of breaking the law and is being tried in court.
N-COUNT

defendant

noun

the accused

defence

offender

prisoner at the bar

respondent

defender

[D.J.:dɪˈfendə]

[K.K.:dɪˈf ɛndɚ]

n.

防御者;守卫者;保护者;辩护者

<体>卫冕者;防守队员

defender **

1. defender defenders
If someone is a defender of a particular thing or person that has been criticized, they argue or act in support of that thing or person.

- ...the most ardent defenders of conventional family values.

- ...a strong defender of human rights or religious freedom.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

2. defender defenders
A defender in a game such as soccer, football, or hockey is a player whose main task is to try and stop the other side scoring.
N-COUNT

defender

noun

1.

protector

bodyguard

escort

guard

2.

supporter

advocate

champion

sponsor

defensible

[D.J.:diˈfensibl]

[K.K.:dɪˈfɛnsəbəl]

adj.

能防御的, 能辩护的

defensible

defensible
An opinion, system, or action that is defensible is one that people can argue is right or good.

- Her reasons for acting are morally defensible.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ indefensible

defensive

[D.J.:dɪˈfensɪv]

[K.K.:dɪˈfɛnsɪv]

adj.

防御用的;防守的;守势的

n.

守势;防守

on/onto the defensive

处于防御姿态；处于戒备状态；采取守势

defensive **

1. defensive
You use defensive to describe things that are intended to protect someone or something.

- The Government hastily organized defensive measures, deploying searchlights and anti-aircraft guns around the target cities.

- The union leaders were pushed into a more defensive position by the return of a Republican Congress in November.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. defensive
Someone who is defensive is behaving in a way that shows they feel unsure or threatened.

- Like their children, parents are often defensive about their private lives.

- She heard the blustering, defensive note in his voice and knew that he was ashamed.

ADJ-GRADED

3. defensively

- `Oh, I know, I know,' said Kate, defensively.

ADV-GRADED

4. defensiveness

- It's just our national defensiveness. We're always worried about what people will think of us.

N-UNCOUNT

5. defensive
If someone is on the defensive , they are trying to protect themselves or their interests because they feel unsure or threatened.

- The civil service is on the defensive, scorned by people impatient of red tape and regulations.

- He smiled, not wanting to put the man on the defensive.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, PHR after v

6. defensive
In sports, defensive play is play that is intended to prevent your opponent from scoring goals or points against you.

- I'd always played a defensive game, waiting for my opponent to make a mistake.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ attacking

7. defensively

- Mexico did it not by playing defensively. They did it with exciting, flowing, attacking football.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

defensive

adjective

on guard

on the defensive

protective

uptight informal

watchful

defer

[D.J.:diˈfə:]

[K.K.:dɪˈfɚ]

vt.

拖延, 延缓, 推迟

vi.

服从某人的意愿, 遵从

deferred

[D.J.:diˈfə:d]

[K.K.:dɪˈfɚd]

adj.

延期的,缓召的

defer *

1. defer defers deferring deferred
If you defer an event or action, you arrange for it to happen at a later date, rather than immediately or at the previously planned time.

- Customers often defer payment for as long as possible.

- I'm not going to defer decisions just because they are not immediately politically popular.

VB
= postpone

2. defer defers deferring deferred
If you defer to someone, you accept their opinion or do what they want you to do, even when you do not agree with it yourself, because you respect them or their authority.

- Doctors are encouraged to defer to experts.

VB
= yield

defer

verb

postpone

delay

hold over

procrastinate

put off

put on ice

shelve

suspend

defer

verb

comply

accede

bow

capitulate

give in

give way to

submit

yield

deference

[D.J.:ˈdefərəns, ˈdefrəns]

[K.K.:ˈdɛfərəns, ˈdɛfrəns]

n.

<正>听从, 顺从, 遵从;尊重, 敬重

deference *

deference
Deference is a polite and respectful attitude towards someone, especially because they have an important position.

- The old sense of deference and restraint in royal reporting has vanished.

- Out of deference to him, I lowered my head as he prayed.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n

deference

noun

respect

attention

civility

consideration

courtesy

honour

politeness

regard

reverence

deferential

[D.J.:ˌdefəˈrenʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌdɛfəˈrɛnʃəl]

adj.

恭敬的

deferentially

adv.

deferentially

adv.

表示敬意地,谦恭地

deferential

1. deferential
Someone who is deferential is polite and respectful towards someone else.

- They like five-star hotels and deferential treatment.

- ...the traditional requirement for Asian women to be submissive and deferential to men.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

2. deferentially

- The Spaniards stood back deferentially to let the others take their places.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

deferential

adjective

respectful

ingratiating

obedient

obeisant

obsequious

polite

reverential

submissive

deferment

[D.J.:diˈfə:mənt]

[K.K.:dɪˈfɚmənt]

n.

迁延,延期,暂缓

deferment

deferment deferments
Deferment means arranging for something to happen at a later date. (FORMAL)

- ...conflicts over the deferment of national service for French students.

N-VAR
= postponement

deferral

[D.J.:diˈfə:rəl]

[K.K.:dɪˈfɚrəl]

n.

延期,缓役

deferral

deferral deferrals
Deferral means the same as deferment .
N-VAR

defiance

[D.J.:diˈfaiəns]

[K.K.:dɪˈfaɪəns]

n.

违抗, 挑衅的态度; 蔑视

defiance **

1. defiance
Defiance is behaviour or an attitude which shows that you are not willing to obey someone.

- ...his courageous defiance of the government.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

2. defiance
If you do something in defiance of a person, rule, or law, you do it even though you know that you are not allowed to do it.

- Thousands of people have taken to the streets in defiance of the curfew.

PHR: PHR n

defiance

noun

resistance

confrontation

contempt

disobedience

disregard

insolence

insubordination

opposition

rebelliousness

defiant

[D.J.:dɪˈfaɪənt]

[K.K.:dɪˈfaɪənt]

adj.

公然违抗的;蔑视的;挑衅的;目中无人的

defiantly

[D.J.:dɪˈfaɪəntlɪ]

[K.K.:dɪˈfaɪəntlɪ]

adv.

挑战地;大胆对抗地

defiant **

1. defiant
If you say that someone is defiant , you mean they show aggression or independence by refusing to obey someone.

- The players are in defiant mood as they prepare for tomorrow's game.

- Despite the risk of suspension, he remained defiant.

ADJ-GRADED

2. defiantly

- They defiantly rejected any talk of a compromise.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

defiant

adjective

resisting

audacious

bold

daring

disobedient

insolent

insubordinate

mutinous

provocative

rebellious

defibrillator

[D.J.:diˈfɑibrileitə]

[K.K.:diˈfɪbrəˌletɚ, -ˈfaɪbrə-]

n.

(电击)除颤器

defibrillator

defibrillator defibrillators
A defibrillator is a machine that starts the heart beating normally again after a heart attack, by giving it an electric shock. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

deficiency

[D.J.:diˈfiʃənsi]

[K.K.:dɪˈfɪʃənsi]

n.

缺乏, 不足, 短缺

deficiency **

1. deficiency deficiencies
Deficiency in something, especially something that your body needs, is not having enough of it.

- They did blood tests on him for signs of vitamin deficiency.

- There are serious deficiencies in the numbers of suitable aircraft.

N-VAR: with supp

2. deficiency deficiencies
A deficiency that someone or something has is a weakness or imperfection in them. (FORMAL)

- The most serious deficiency in Nato's air defence is the lack of an identification system to distinguish friend from foe.

N-VAR: with supp
= weakness

deficiency

noun

1.

lack

absence

dearth

deficit

scarcity

shortage

2.

failing

defect

demerit

fault

flaw

frailty

imperfection

shortcoming

weakness

deficient

[D.J.:dɪˈfɪʃənt]

[K.K.:dɪˈfɪʃənt]

adj.

有缺点的，有缺陷的

缺乏的, 不足的

deficient *

1. deficient
If someone or something is deficient in a particular thing, they do not have the full amount of it that they need in order to function normally or work properly. (FORMAL)

- ...a diet deficient in vitamin B.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ in n
= lacking

2. deficient
Also a combining form.

- Vegetarians can become iron-deficient.

COMB in ADJ

3. deficient
Someone or something that is deficient is not good enough for a particular purpose. (FORMAL)

- ...deficient landing systems.

ADJ-GRADED
= inadequate

deficient

adjective

1.

lacking

inadequate

insufficient

meagre

scant

scarce

short

skimpy

wanting

2.

unsatisfactory

defective

faulty

flawed

impaired

imperfect

incomplete

inferior

weak

deficit

[D.J.:ˈdefisit]

[K.K.:ˈdɛfɪsɪt]

n.

不足额

赤字, 亏空, 亏损

deficit ****

deficit deficits
If an account or organization is in deficit , more money has been spent than has been received.

- They're ready to cut the federal budget deficit for the next fiscal year.

- ...a deficit of 3.275 billion francs.

- The current account of the balance of payments is in deficit.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

deficit

noun

shortfall

arrears

deficiency

loss

shortage

defile

[D.J.:dɪˈfaɪl]

[K.K.:dɪˈfaɪl]

vt.

弄脏

污染

玷污,亵渎

纵列行进

n.

峡谷,隘路

defilement

n.

defilement

n.

弄脏,污辱,污秽

defile

1. defile defiles defiling defiled
To defile something that people think is important or holy means to do something to it or say something about it which is offensive. (LITERARY)

- He had defiled the sacred name of the Holy Prophet.

VB

2. defile defiles
A defile is a very narrow valley or passage, usually through mountains. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= pass

definable

[diˈfɑinəbl]

adj.

可定义的

definable

definable
Something that is definable can be described or identified.

- Fifteen percent of the adult population suffered from a definable alcohol, drug, or mental disorder.

- ...groups broadly definable as conservative.

ADJ-GRADED

define

[D.J.:diˈfain]

[K.K.:dɪˈfaɪn]

vt.

精确地解释; 界定

规定, 确定

defining

定义

define ***

1. define defines defining defined
If you define something, you show, describe, or state clearly what it is and what its limits are, or what it is like.

- The Supreme Court decision could define how far Congress can go in trying to determine the outcome of court cases.

- I tried to define my own attitude: I found Rosie repulsive, but I didn't hate her.

VB

2. defined

- ...a party with a clearly defined programme and strict rules of membership.

ADJ-GRADED: usu adv ADJ
= delineated

3. define defines defining defined
If you define a word or expression, you explain its meaning, for example in a dictionary.

- When people are asked `What is intelligence?' they tend to reply: `I don't know how to define it, but I can certainly recognize it when I see it.'.

- Collins English Dictionary defines a workaholic as `a person obsessively addicted to work'.

VB

defined *

defined
If something is clearly defined or strongly defined , its outline is clear or strong.

- A clearly defined track now leads down to the valley.

- Here the path is less defined.

- She had a strongly defined chin, a high forehead, and light grey eyes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu adv ADJ

define

verb

1.

describe

characterize

designate

explain

expound

interpret

specify

spell out

2.

mark out

bound

circumscribe

delineate

demarcate

limit

outline

definite

[D.J.:ˈdefinit]

[K.K.:ˈdɛfənɪt]

adj.

明确的, 确切的

一定的, 肯定的

definite **

1. definite
If something such as a decision or an arrangement is definite , it is firm and clear, and unlikely to be changed.

- It's too soon to give a definite answer.

- Her Royal Highness has definite views about most things.

- She made no definite plans for her future.

ADJ-GRADED

2. definite
Definite evidence or information is true, rather than being someone's opinion or guess.

- We didn't have any definite proof.

- If you have any definite news of my husband, please let me know.

- The police had nothing definite against her.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. definite
You use definite to emphasize the strength of your opinion or belief.

- There has already been a definite improvement.

- That's a very definite possibility.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n emphasis
= real

4. definite
Someone who is definite behaves or talks in a firm, confident way.

- Mary is very definite about this.

ADJ-GRADED

5. definite
A definite shape or colour is clear and noticeable.

- Studying his face in the bathroom mirror he wished he had more definite features.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

definite

adjective

1.

clear

black-and-white

cut-and-dried informal

exact

fixed

marked

particular

precise

specific

2.

certain

assured

decided

guaranteed

positive

settled

sure

definite article

definite article definite articles
The word `the' is sometimes called the definite article .
N-COUNT: usu the N

definitely

[ˈdefinitli]

adv.

明确地, 确切地

一定地, 肯定地

definitely ***

1. definitely
You use definitely to emphasize that something is the case, or to emphasize the strength of your intention or opinion.

- I'm definitely going to get in touch with these people.

- Something should definitely be done about that.

- `I think the earlier ones are a lot better.' --- `Mm, definitely.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV before v, ADV with cl/group emphasis

2. definitely
If something has been definitely decided, the decision will not be changed.

- He told them that no venue had yet been definitely decided.

ADV: ADV before v

definitely

adverb

certainly

absolutely

categorically

clearly

positively

surely

undeniably

unmistakably

unquestionably

without doubt

definition

[D.J.:ˌdefiˈniʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən]

n.

定义, 释义

清晰(度), 鲜明(度)

清楚的说明; 轮廓

definition ***

1. definition definitions
If you say that something has a particular quality by definition , you mean that it has this quality simply because of what it is.

- There is no general agreement on a standard definition of intelligence.

- My definition of a good hospice is one where some of the patients start feeling too good to die.

- Human perception is highly imperfect and by definition subjective.

PHR: PHR with cl
= per se

2. definition
Definition is the quality of being clear and distinct.

- Give your brows extra definition with Outdoor Girl's Eyebrow Pencil in Brown.

- The first speakers at the conference criticised his new programme for lack of definition.

N-UNCOUNT

definition

noun

1.

explanation

clarification

elucidation

exposition

statement of meaning

2.

sharpness

clarity

contrast

distinctness

focus

precision

definitive

[D.J.:diˈfinitiv]

[K.K.:dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv]

adj.

决定性的, 明确的, 权威性的, 不能或不必改变的

definitively

adv.

决定性地,最后地

definitive **

1. definitive
Something that is definitive provides a firm conclusion that cannot be questioned.

- No one has come up with a definitive answer as to why this should be so.

- There is no definitive test as yet for the condition.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. definitively

- The Constitution did not definitively rule out divorce.

ADV

3. definitive
A definitive book or performance is thought to be the best of its kind that has ever been done or that will ever be done.

- His `An Orkney Tapestry' is still the definitive book on the islands.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

definitive

adjective

1.

final

absolute

complete

conclusive

decisive

2.

authoritative

exhaustive

perfect

reliable

ultimate

deflate

[D.J.:dɪˈfleɪt]

[K.K.:dɪˈflet]

vt. & vi.

(使)漏气;(使)…瘪下去

紧缩(通货);降低(价格)

vt.

挫败(某人的)锐气, 使…泄气

deflated

[D.J.:dɪˈfleɪtɪd]

[K.K.:dɪˈfletɪd]

adj.

(球、轮胎等)泄气的

令人泄气的；使人气馁的

deflate *

1. deflate deflates deflating deflated
If you deflate someone or something, you take away their confidence or make them seem less important.

- Like any actor he can be self-centred but I think I've worked out how to deflate him.

- Britain's other hopes of medals were deflated earlier in the day.

VB

2. deflated

- When she refused I felt deflated.

ADJ-GRADED

3. deflate deflates deflating deflated
When something such as a tyre or balloon deflates , or when you deflate it, all the air comes out of it.

- When it returns to shore, the life-jacket will deflate and revert to a harness.

- ...a deflated dinghy.

V-ERG
≠ inflate

deflate

verb

1.

collapse

empty

exhaust

flatten

puncture

shrink

2.

humiliate

chasten

disconcert

dispirit

humble

mortify

put down slang

squash

3.

reduce

depress

devalue

diminish

deflation

[D.J.:diˈfleiʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈfleʃən]

n.

通货紧缩

deflation

deflation
Deflation is a reduction in economic activity that leads to lower levels of industrial output, employment, investment, trade, profits, and prices.

- Deflation is beginning to take hold in the clothing industry.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ inflation

deflationary

[diˈfleiʃənəri]

adj.

放出空气的,通货紧缩的,物价低廉(尤指成本不降低时的反常情形)的

deflationary

deflationary
A deflationary economic policy or measure is one that is intended to or likely to cause deflation.

- ...the government's refusal to implement deflationary measures.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

deflect

[D.J.:diˈflekt]

[K.K.:dɪˈflɛkt]

vt. & vi.

(使)偏斜, (使)偏离, (使)转向

deflected

偏离的

deflect *

1. deflect deflects deflecting deflected
If you deflect something such as criticism or attention, you act in a way that prevents it from being directed towards you or affecting you.

- Cage changed his name to deflect accusations of nepotism.

- I think maybe it's a maneuver just to deflect the attention of the people from what is really happening.

VB

2. deflect deflects deflecting deflected
To deflect someone from a course of action means to make them decide not to continue with it by putting pressure on them or by offering them something desirable.

- The war did not deflect him from the path he had long ago taken.

- Never let a little problem deflect you.

VB

3. deflect deflects deflecting deflected
If you deflect something that is moving, you make it go in a slightly different direction, for example by hitting or blocking it.

- He stuck out his boot and deflected the shot over the bar seconds before the final whistle.

- My forearm deflected most of the first punch.

VB

deflect

verb Economics

turn aside

bend

deviate

diverge

glance off

ricochet

swerve

veer

deflection

[D.J.:dɪˈflekʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈflɛkʃən]

n.

(尤指击中某物后)突然转向,偏斜,偏离

deflection

1. deflection deflections
The deflection of something means making it change direction. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the deflection of light as it passes through the regularly spaced slits in the grating.

N-VAR

2. deflection deflections
In sport, the deflection of a ball, kick, or shot is when the ball hits an object and then travels in a different direction.
N-COUNT

deflection

noun

deviation

bend

divergence

swerve

deflower

[D.J.:di:ˈflauə]

[K.K.:diˈflaʊɚ]

vt.

摧毁…的花,夺去(妇女的)贞节,奸污,蹂躏,吸取精华,夺美,亵渎

deflower

deflower deflowers deflowering deflowered
When a woman is deflowered , she has sexual intercourse with a man for the first time. (LITERARY)

- Nora was deflowered by a man who worked in a soda-water factory.

VB

defoliant

[di:ˈfəuliənt]

n.

〈美〉脱叶剂,落叶剂

defoliant

defoliant defoliants
A defoliant is a chemical used on trees and plants to make all their leaves fall off. Defoliants are especially used in war to remove protection from an enemy.
N-MASS

defoliate

[D.J.:di:ˈfəulieit]

[K.K.:diˈfoliˌet]

v.

(使)落叶

defoliation

[ˌdi:fəuliˈeiʃən]

n.

落叶

defoliate

1. defoliate defoliates defoliating defoliated
To defoliate an area or the plants in it means to cause the leaves on the plants to fall off or be destroyed. This is done especially in war to remove protection from an enemy.

- Dioxin was the ingredient in Agent Orange, used to defoliate Vietnam.

VB

2. defoliation

- ...preventing defoliation of trees by caterpillars.

N-UNCOUNT

deforest

[D.J.:diˈfɔrist]

[K.K.:diˈfɔrɪst, -ˈfɑr-]

vt.

砍伐…山林

deforestation

[diˌfɔrisˈteiʃən]

n.

采伐森林,森林开伐

deforest *

1. deforest deforests deforesting deforested
If an area is deforested , all the trees there are cut down or destroyed.

- ...the 400,000 square kilometres of the Amazon basin that have already been deforested.

VB: usu passive

2. deforestation

- One percent of Brazil's total forest cover is being lost every year to deforestation.

N-UNCOUNT

deform

[D.J.:dɪˈfɔ:m]

[K.K.:dɪˈfɔrm]

vt.

使变形, 使残废;丑化

deformation

[D.J.:ˌdi:fɔ:ˈmeɪʃən, ˌdefə-]

[K.K.:ˌdifɔrˈmeʃən, ˌdɛfə-]

n.

损形;变形;畸形

破相;变丑;残废

deformed

[D.J.:dɪˈfɔ:md]

[K.K.:dɪˈfɔrmd]

adj.

变形的;畸形的

deforming

变形

deform *

1. deform deforms deforming deformed
If something deforms a person's body or something else, it causes it to have an unnatural shape. In technical English, you can also say that the second thing deforms .

- Bad rheumatoid arthritis deforms limbs.

- What makes any metal useful is its ability to deform to a new shape without cracking.

V-ERG

2. deformed

- He was born with a deformed right leg.

ADJ-GRADED
= malformed

3. deformation deformations

- Changing stresses bring about more cracking and rock deformation.

N-VAR

deform

verb

1.

distort

buckle

contort

gnarl

mangle

misshape

twist

warp

2.

disfigure

deface

maim

mar

mutilate

ruin

spoil

deformity

[D.J.:dɪˈfɔ:mɪti:]

[K.K.:dɪˈfɔrmɪti]

n.

畸形状态

畸形(或残缺)的部分

畸形的人(或物)

(道德等方面的)缺陷;丑恶

deformity

1. deformity deformities
A deformity is a part of someone's body which is not the normal shape because of injury or illness, or because they were born this way.

- ...facial deformities in babies.

N-COUNT

2. deformity
Deformity is the condition of having a deformity.

- The bones begin to grind against each other, leading to pain and deformity.

N-UNCOUNT

deformity

noun

abnormality

defect

disfigurement

malformation

defraud

[D.J.:dɪˈfrɔ:d]

[K.K.:dɪˈfrɔd]

vt.

诈取, 骗取

defraud *

defraud defrauds defrauding defrauded
If someone defrauds you, they take something away from you or stop you from getting what belongs to you by means of tricks and lies.

- He pleaded guilty to charges of conspiracy to defraud the government.

- They conspired to defraud the federal government of millions of dollars in income taxes.

VB

defraud

verb

cheat

con informal

diddle informal

embezzle

fleece

pilfer

rip off slang

swindle

trick

defray

[D.J.:dɪˈfreɪ]

[K.K.:dɪˈfre]

vt.

<正>支付,付给

defray

defray defrays defraying defrayed
If you defray someone's costs or expenses, you give them money which represents the amount that they have spent, for example while they have been doing something for you or acting on your behalf. (FORMAL)

- The government has committed billions toward defraying the costs of the war.

VB
= repay

defrock

[D.J.:diˈfrɔk]

[K.K.:diˈfrɑk]

v.

剥去法衣,解除僧职

defrock

defrock
If a priest is defrocked , he is forced to stop being a priest because of bad behaviour.

- Mellors was preaching heresy and had to be immediately defrocked.

- ...a defrocked priest.

V-PASSIVE

defrost

[D.J.:di:ˈfrɔ:st, -ˈfrɔst]

[K.K.:diˈfrɔst, -ˈfrɑst]

vt. & vi.

(给…)化霜, (使)解冻

defrosting

融霜

defrost

1. defrost defrosts defrosting defrosted
When you defrost frozen food or when it defrosts , you allow or cause it to become unfrozen so that you can eat it or cook it.

- She has a microwave, but uses it mainly for defrosting bread.

- Once the turkey has defrosted, remove the giblets.

V-ERG
≠ freeze

2. defrost defrosts defrosting defrosted
When you defrost a fridge or freezer, you switch it off or press a special switch so that the ice inside it can melt. You can also say that a fridge or freezer is defrosting .

- Defrost the fridge regularly so that it works at maximum efficiency.

V-ERG

deft

[D.J.:deft]

[K.K.:dɛft]

adj.

熟练的, 灵巧的

deftly

[D.J.:ˈdeftlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈd ɛftlɪ]

adv.

灵巧地;熟练地;敏捷地

deft *

1. deft defter deftest
A deft action is skilful and often quick. (WRITTEN)

- With a deft flick of his foot, Mr Worth tripped one of the raiders up.

ADJ-GRADED

2. deftly

- One of the waiting servants deftly caught him as he fell.

ADV-GRADED

3. deftness

- ...Dr Holly's surgical deftness and experience.

N-UNCOUNT

deft

adjective

skilful

adept

adroit

agile

dexterous

expert

neat

nimble

proficient

defunct

[D.J.:dɪˈfʌŋkt]

[K.K.:dɪˈfʌŋkt]

adj.

<正>已故的, 不存在的, 无效的

defunct *

defunct
If something is defunct , it no longer exists or has stopped functioning or operating.

- ...the leader of the now defunct Social Democratic Party...

- They bought all their equipment from a defunct brewery in Manhattan.

ADJ

defunct

adjective

1.

dead

deceased

departed

extinct

gone

2.

obsolete

bygone

expired

inoperative

invalid

nonexistent

out of commission

defuse

[D.J.:di:ˈfju:z]

[K.K.:diˈfjuz]

vt.

拆除(爆炸物)的引信

减少…的危险性

defuse *

1. defuse defuses defusing defused
If you defuse a dangerous or tense situation, you calm it.

- Police administrators credited the organization with helping defuse potentially violent situations.

- Officials will hold four days of talks aimed at defusing tensions over trade.

VB

2. defuse defuses defusing defused
If someone defuses a bomb, they remove the fuse so that it cannot explode.

- Police have defused a bomb found in a building in London.

VB

defy

[D.J.:diˈfai]

[K.K.:dɪˈfaɪ]

vt.

公然反抗

不服从; 不尊重

有无法克服的困难

defy **

1. defy defies defying defied
If you defy someone or something that is trying to make you behave in a particular way, you refuse to obey them and behave in that way.

- This was the first (and last) time that I dared to defy my mother.

- Nearly eleven-thousand people have been arrested for defying the ban on street trading.

VB

2. defy defies defying defied
If you defy someone to do something, you challenge them to do it when you think that they will be unable to do it or too frightened to do it.

- I defy you to come up with one major accomplishment of the current Prime Minister.

- He looked at me as if he was defying me to argue.

VB
= dare

3. defy defies defied
If something defies description or understanding, it is so strange, extreme, or surprising that it is almost impossible to understand or explain.

- When the flowers open in spring they fill the night air with a fragrance that defies description.

- It's a devastating and barbaric act that defies all comprehension.

VB: no passive, no cont

4. defy
If you say that someone defies their age , or defies the years , you mean that their appearance or behaviour suggests that they are younger than they really are.

- The singer continues to defy her age by wearing the scantiest of outfits.

PHR: V inflects

defy

verb

resist

brave

confront

disregard

flout

scorn

slight

spurn

degeneracy

[D.J.:diˈdʒenərəsi]

[K.K.:dɪˈdʒɛnərəsi]

n.

堕落,退化,退步

degeneracy

degeneracy
If you refer to the behaviour of a group of people as degeneracy , you mean that you think it is shocking, immoral, or disgusting.

- ...the moral degeneracy of society.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= depravity

degenerate

[D.J.:diˈdʒenəreit]

[K.K.:dɪˈdʒɛnəret]

vi.

衰退; 堕落; 退化

[diˈdʒenərət]

adj.

衰退的, 堕落的

degeneration

[diˌdʒenəˈreiʃən]

n.

变性；退化；恶化;变质

degenerate *

1. degenerate degenerates degenerating degenerated
If you say that someone or something degenerates , you mean that they become worse in some way, for example weaker, lower in quality, or more dangerous.

- Inactivity can make your joints stiff, and the bones may begin to degenerate.

- From then on the whole tone of the campaign began to degenerate.

- ...a very serious humanitarian crisis which could degenerate into a catastrophe.

VB
= deteriorate

2. degeneration

- ...various forms of physical and mental degeneration.

- ...the degeneration of our political system.

N-UNCOUNT

3. degenerate
If you describe a person or their behaviour as degenerate , you disapprove of them because you think they have low standards of behaviour or morality.

- ...a group of degenerate computer hackers.

- ...the degenerate attitudes he found among some of his fellow officers.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= dissolute

4. degenerate degenerates
If you refer to someone as a degenerate , you disapprove of them because you think they have low standards of behaviour or morality.
N-COUNT disapproval

degenerate

adjective

1.

depraved

corrupt

debauched

decadent

dissolute

immoral

low

perverted

verb

2.

worsen

decay

decline

decrease

deteriorate

fall off

lapse

sink

slip

degenerative

[D.J.:diˈdʒenərətiv]

[K.K.:dɪˈdʒɛnərətɪv]

adj.

退步的,变质的,退化的

degenerative

degenerative
A degenerative disease or condition is one that gets worse as time progresses.

- ...degenerative diseases of the brain, like Alzheimer's.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

degradation

[D.J.:ˌdegrəˈdeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛɡrəˈdeʃən]

n.

下降,降低;降级

堕落;丢脸

<地>陵削,剥蚀

<宗>革除神职

degradation *

1. degradation degradations
You use degradation to refer to a situation, condition, or experience which you consider shameful and disgusting, especially one which involves poverty or immorality.

- They were sickened by the scenes of misery and degradation they found.

- She described the degradations she had been forced to suffer.

N-VAR disapproval

2. degradation
Degradation is the process of something becoming worse or weaker, or being made worse or weaker.

- As in the past, to the degradation of democracy, the debate again turned into a screaming match.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

3. degradation
The degradation of land or of the environment is the process of its becoming damaged and poorer, for example because of the effects of pollution, industry, and modern agricultural methods. (TECHNICAL)

- There are serious problems of land degradation in some arid zones.

- ...the accelerating degradation of our planet's natural environment.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

4. degradation
In science, the degradation of a substance is the process of its breaking down into its separate parts or elements. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the degradation of salicylic acid in plants.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

degradation

noun

1.

disgrace

discredit

dishonour

humiliation

ignominy

mortification

shame

2.

deterioration

decline

degeneration

demotion

downgrading

degrade

[D.J.:diˈɡreid]

[K.K.:dɪˈɡred]

vt.

使降级, 使降低身份

使丢脸

degraded

[D.J.:diˈɡreidid]

[K.K.:dɪˈɡredɪd]

adj.

被降级的,退化的,堕落的

degrading

[D.J.:dɪˈgreɪdɪŋ]

[K.K.:dɪˈɡredɪŋ]

adj.

丢脸的;有辱人格的

degrade *

1. degrade degrades degrading degraded
Something that degrades someone causes people to have less respect for them.

- ...the notion that pornography degrades women...

- When I asked him if he had ever been to a prostitute he said he wouldn't degrade himself like that.

VB

2. degrading

- Mr Porter was subjected to a degrading strip-search.

ADJ-GRADED
= humiliating

3. degrade degrades degrading degraded
To degrade something means to cause it to get worse. (FORMAL)

- ...the ability to meet human needs indefinitely without degrading the environment.

VB

4. degrade degrades degrading degraded
In science, if a substance degrades or if something degrades it, it changes chemically and decays or separates into different substances. (TECHNICAL)

- This substance degrades rapidly in the soil.

- ...the ability of these enzymes to degrade cellulose.

V-ERG
= break down

degrade

verb

1.

disgrace

debase

demean

discredit

dishonour

humble

humiliate

shame

2.

demote

downgrade

lower

degrading

adjective

demeaning

dishonourable

humiliating

infra dig informal

shameful

undignified

unworthy

degree

[D.J.:diˈɡri:]

[K.K.:dɪˈɡri]

n.

度, 度数

程度

学位

degree ****

1. degree degrees
If something has a degree of a particular quality, it has a small but significant amount of that quality.

- These man-made barriers will ensure a very high degree of protection for several hundred years.

- Recent presidents have used television, as well as radio, with varying degrees of success.

- Their wages do, however, allow them a degree of independence.

- A degree of cautious optimism is justified.

PHR: PHR n
= a measure of

2. degree
You use degree in expressions such as a matter of degree and different in degree to indicate that you are talking about the comparative quantity, scale, or extent of something, rather than other factors.

- The first change is a matter of degree, the second is a fundamental shift.

- Generally, the programs of the president and the proposals of the governor appear to differ in degree and emphasis rather than ideology.

N-UNCOUNT: of/in N

3. degree degrees
A degree is a unit of measurement that is used to measure temperatures. It is often written as °, for example 23°.

- It's over 80 degrees outside.

- Pure water sometimes does not freeze until it reaches minus 40 degrees Celsius.

N-COUNT: usu num N

4. degree degrees
A degree is a unit of measurement that is used to measure angles, and also longitude and latitude. It is often written as °, for example 23°.

- It was pointing outward at an angle of 45 degrees.

- ...McMurdo Station in Antarctica, which is at 78 degrees South.

N-COUNT: usu num N

5. degree degrees
A degree at a university or college is a course of study that you take there, or the qualification that you get when you have passed the course.

- It was two years later that he returned to take a master's degree in economics at Yale.

- ...an engineering degree.

- ...the first year of a degree course.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

6. degree
If something happens by degrees , it happens slowly and gradually.

- The crowd in Robinson's Coffee-House was thinning, but only by degrees.

PHR
= gradually

7. degree
You use expressions such as to some degree , to a large degree , or to a certain degree in order to indicate that something is partly true, but not entirely true.

- These statements are, to some degree, all correct.

PHR: PHR with cl vagueness
= to some extent

8. degree
You use expressions such as to what degree and to the degree that when you are discussing how true a statement is, or in what ways it is true.

- To what degree would you say you had control over things that went on?.

- He believes in himself to such a degree that he abuses his friends.

PHR vagueness
= to what extent to the extent that

degree

noun

stage

grade

notch

point

rung

step

unit

dehumanization

[di:ˌhju:mənaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

灭绝人性,非人化

dehumanize

[D.J.:di:ˈhju:məˌnaɪz]

[K.K.:diˈhjuməˌnaɪz]

vt.

使失去人性；使非人化

dehumanization

n.

dehumanize

1. dehumanize dehumanizes dehumanizing dehumanized
If you say that something dehumanizes people, you mean it takes away from them good human qualities such as kindness, generosity, and independence.

- The years of civil war have dehumanized all of us.

VB (BRIT) also dehumanise
= brutalize

2. dehumanizing

- ...the brutal, dehumanising experience of slavery.

ADJ-GRADED

3. dehumanization

- She was horrified at the dehumanisation involved in much of the imagery.

N-UNCOUNT

dehumidifier

[ˌdi:hju(:)ˈmidifaiə]

n.

减湿器

dehumidifier

dehumidifier dehumidifiers
A dehumidifier is a machine that is used to reduce the amount of moisture in the air.
N-COUNT

dehydrate

[D.J.:di:ˈhaɪˌdreɪt]

[K.K.:diˈhaɪˌdret]

vt.

使脱水, 使干燥

vi.

(人体的)脱水, 失水

dehydration

[D.J.:ˌdi:haɪˈdreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdihaɪˈdreʃən]

n.

脱水

干燥;极度口渴

dehydrate *

1. dehydrate dehydrates dehydrating dehydrated
When something such as food is dehydrated , all the water is removed from it, often in order to preserve it.

- Normally specimens have to be dehydrated.

VB: usu passive

2. dehydrated

- Dehydrated meals, soups and sauces contain a lot of salt.

ADJ

3. dehydrate dehydrates dehydrating dehydrated
If you dehydrate or if something dehydrates you, you lose too much water from your body so that you feel weak or ill.

- People can dehydrate in weather like this.

- Alcohol quickly dehydrates your body.

V-ERG

4. dehydrated

- Drink lots of water to avoid becoming dehydrated.

ADJ-GRADED

5. dehydration

- ...a child who's got diarrhoea and is suffering from dehydration.

N-UNCOUNT

deification

[D.J.:ˌdi:əfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdiəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

祀为神,奉若神明;被奉为神者

deify

[D.J.:ˈdi:əˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdiəˌfaɪ]

vt.

神化,把…奉若神明

deification

n.

deification

deification
If you talk about the deification of someone or something, you mean that they are regarded with very great respect and are not criticized at all. (FORMAL)

- ...the deification of science in the 1940s.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

deify

deify deifies deifying deified
If someone is deified , they are considered to be a god or are regarded with very great respect. (FORMAL)

- Stalin was deified to an extent during his lifetime.

VB: usu passive

deign

[D.J.:deɪn]

[K.K.:den]

vi.

屈尊,俯就

deign

deign deigns deigning deigned
If you say that someone deigned to do something, you are expressing your disapproval of the fact that they did it unwillingly, because they thought they were too important to do it. (FORMAL)

- At last, Harper deigned to speak.

- Weatherby didn't deign to reply.

VB disapproval

deism

[D.J.:ˈdi:izəm]

[K.K.:ˈdiˌɪzəm]

n.

自然神论,自然神教派(信上帝的存在及创世界,但对其所创造的世界及世人未加以支配)

deism

deism
Deism is the belief that there is a God who made the world but does not influence human lives.
N-UNCOUNT

deity

[D.J.:ˈdi:ɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈdiɪti]

n.

神;女神

deity *

deity deities
A deity is a god or goddess. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu with supp

deity

noun

god

divinity

goddess

godhead

idol

immortal

supreme being

d´ejà vu

d´ejà vu
D´ejà vu is the feeling that you have already experienced the things that are happening to you now.

- The sense of d´ejà vu was overwhelming.

N-UNCOUNT

dejected

[D.J.:dɪˈdʒektɪd]

[K.K.:dɪˈdʒɛktɪd]

adj.

沮丧的,忧郁的,失望的

dejectedly

[D.J.:dɪˈd ʒektɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:dɪˈd ʒ ɛktɪdlɪ]

adv.

沮丧地,灰心地

dejected

1. dejected
If you are dejected , you feel miserable or unhappy, especially because you have just been disappointed by something.

- Everyone has days when they feel dejected or down.

ADJ-GRADED
= despondent

2. dejectedly

- Passengers queued dejectedly for the increasingly dirty toilets.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

dejected

adjective

downhearted

crestfallen

depressed

despondent

disconsolate

disheartened

downcast

glum

miserable

sad

dejection

[D.J.:dɪˈdʒekʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈdʒɛkʃən]

n.

忧郁,沮丧

dejection

dejection
Dejection is a feeling of sadness that you get, for example, when you have just been disappointed by something.

- There was a slight air of dejection about her.

N-UNCOUNT
= despondency

dejection

noun

low spirits

depression

despair

despondency

doldrums

downheartedness

gloom

melancholy

sadness

sorrow

unhappiness

de jure

1. de jure
De jure is used to indicate that something legally exists or is a particular thing. (LEGAL)

- ...politicians and kings, de jure leaders of men.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ de facto

2. de jure
Also an adverb.

- The Synod's declarations prevailed de jure but not de facto in the Roman Catholic Church down to the Reformation era.

ADV: ADV with cl
≠ de facto

de jure

adverb

legally

by right

rightfully

delay

[D.J.:diˈlei]

[K.K.:dɪˈle]

n.

耽搁, 延迟

被耽搁[推迟]的事件或时间

vt. & vi.

(使)耽搁, 延误

vt.

推迟, 使延期

delayed

[diˈleid]

adj.

延时的,定时的

delay ****

1. delay delays delaying delayed
If you delay doing something, you do not do it immediately or at the planned or expected time, but you leave it until later.

- For sentimental reasons I wanted to delay my departure until June 1980.

- They had delayed having children, for the usual reason, to establish their careers.

- So don't delay, write in now for your chance of a free gift.

VB
= postpone ≠ bring forward

2. delay delays delaying delayed
To delay someone or something means to make them late or to slow them down.

- Can you delay him in some way?.

- Various set-backs and problems delayed production.

- The passengers were delayed for an hour.

VB
= hold up

3. delay delays delaying delayed
If you delay , you deliberately take longer than necessary to do something.

- If he delayed any longer, the sun would be up.

VB
= hang on

4. delay delays
If there is a delay , something does not happen until later than planned or expected.

- They claimed that such a delay wouldn't hurt anyone.

- Although the tests have caused some delay, flights should be back to normal this morning.

N-VAR
= hold-up

5. delay
Delay is a failure to do something immediately or in the required or usual time.

- There is no time left for delay.

- We'll send you a quote without delay.

N-UNCOUNT

delay

verb

1.

put off

defer

hold over

postpone

procrastinate

shelve

suspend

2.

hold up

bog down

detain

hinder

hold back

impede

obstruct

set back

slow up

noun

3.

putting off

deferment

postponement

procrastination

suspension

4.

hold-up

hindrance

impediment

interruption

interval

setback

stoppage

wait

delayed action

delayed action
A delayed action mechanism causes a delay on the device it is fitted to, so that it does not work as soon as you switch it on or operate it.

- For all we know, there may be delayed action bombs in the dam.

- ...a type of delayed-action parachute.

ADJ: ADJ n

delaying tactic

delaying tactic delaying tactics
Delaying tactics are things that someone does in order to deliberately delay the start or progress of something.

- Ministers are using delaying tactics to postpone the report yet again.

N-COUNT: usu pl

delectable

[D.J.:dɪˈlektəbəl]

[K.K.:dɪˈlɛktəbəl]

adj.

令人愉快的,让人喜爱的

delectable

1. delectable
If you describe something, especially food or drink, as delectable , you mean that it is very pleasant.

- ...delectable wine.

ADJ-GRADED
= delightful

2. delectable
If you describe someone as delectable , you think that they are very attractive. (LITERARY)

- He didn't seem to notice the delectable Miss Campbell.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

delectation

[D.J.:ˌdi:lekˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdilɛkˈteʃən]

n.

享受,欢娱

delectation

delectation
If you do something for someone's delectation , you do it to give them enjoyment or pleasure. (FORMAL)

- She rushes about cooking pasties and scones for the delectation of visitors.

PHR: PHR with poss

delegate

[D.J.:ˈdeliɡit]

[K.K.:ˈdɛlɪˌɡet]

n.

代表, 代表团成员

[ˈdeliɡeit]

vt.

任命或委派…为代表

托付

delegation

[D.J.:ˌdelɪˈgeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛlɪˈɡeʃən]

n.

代表团

delegate ***

1. delegate delegates
A delegate is a person who is chosen to vote or make decisions on behalf of a group of other people, especially at a conference or a meeting.
N-COUNT
= representative

2. delegate delegates delegating delegated
If you delegate duties, responsibilities, or power to someone, you give them those duties, those responsibilities, or that power so that they can act on your behalf.

- He talks of travelling less, and delegating more authority to his deputies in Britain and Australia.

- How many of their activities can be safely and effectively delegated to less trained staff?.

- Many employers find it hard to delegate.

VB

3. delegation

- A key factor in running a business is the delegation of responsibility.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

4. delegate delegates delegating delegated
If you are delegated to do something, you are given the duty of acting on someone else's behalf by making decisions, voting, or doing some particular work.

- Officials have now been delegated to start work on a draft settlement.

VB: usu passive
= appoint

delegation ***

delegation delegations
A delegation is a group of people who have been sent somewhere to have talks with other people on behalf of a larger group of people.

- ...a delegation from Somaliland.

- ...the Chinese delegation to the UN talks in New York.

N-COUNT
See also delegate .

delegate

noun

1.

representative

agent

ambassador

commissioner

deputy

envoy

legate

verb

2.

entrust

assign

consign

devolve

give

hand over

pass on

transfer

3.

appoint

accredit

authorize

commission

depute

designate

empower

mandate

delegation

noun

1.

deputation

commission

contingent

embassy

envoys

legation

mission

2.

devolution

assignment

commissioning

committal

delete

[D.J.:diˈli:t]

[K.K.:dɪˈlit]

vt. & vi.

删除

deletion

[D.J.:dɪˈli:ʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈliʃən]

n.

删除

delete *

1. delete deletes deleting deleted
If you delete something that has been written down or stored in a computer, you cross it out or remove it.

- He also deleted files from the computer system.

- The word `exploded' had been deleted.

VB
= erase

2. deletion deletions

- This involved the deletion of a great deal of irrelevant material.

- David wanted to make several deletions and additions to the text.

N-VAR

delete

verb

remove

cancel

cross out

efface

erase

expunge

obliterate

rub out

strike out

deleterious

[D.J.:ˌdelɪˈtɪəri:əs]

[K.K.:ˌdɛlɪˈtɪriəs]

adj.

有害的

deleterious

deleterious
Something that has a deleterious effect on something has a harmful effect on it. (FORMAL)

- The fear of crime is having a deleterious effect on community life.

ADJ-GRADED
= destructive detrimental

deli

[D.J.:ˈdeli]

[K.K.:ˈdɛli]

n.

〈美口〉熟食品;熟食店

deli.

熟食店；食品

deli

deli delis
A deli is a shop or part of a shop that sells food such as cheese and cold meat. Deli is an abbreviation for `delicatessen'.
N-COUNT

deliberate

[D.J.:diˈlibərit]

[K.K.:dɪˈlɪbərɪt]

adj.

故意的, 蓄意的

慎重的, 深思熟虑的

不慌不忙的, 从容不迫的

[diˈlibəreit]

vt. & vi.

仔细考虑

研讨, 商讨

deliberately

[D.J.:dɪˈlɪbərɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:dɪˈlɪbərɪtlɪ]

adv.

慎重地;谨慎地

故意地,蓄意地

从容不迫地,不慌不忙地

deliberate ***

1. deliberate
If you do something that is deliberate , you planned or decided to do it beforehand, and so it happens on purpose rather than by chance.

- It has a deliberate policy to introduce world art to Britain.

- Witnesses say the firing was deliberate and sustained.

ADJ-GRADED
= intentional

2. deliberately

- It looks as if the blaze was started deliberately.

- Mr Christopher's answer was deliberately vague.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. deliberate
If a movement or action is deliberate , it is done slowly and carefully.

- His movements were gentle and deliberate.

- ...stepping with deliberate slowness up the steep paths.

ADJ-GRADED
= measured

4. deliberately

- The Japanese have acted calmly and deliberately.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

5. deliberate deliberates deliberating deliberated
If you deliberate , you think about something carefully, especially before making a very important decision.

- She deliberated over the decision for a good few years before she finally made up her mind.

- The six-person jury deliberated about two hours before returning with the verdict.

- The Court of Criminal Appeals has been deliberating his case for almost two weeks.

VB
= ponder

deliberate

adjective

1.

intentional

calculated

conscious

planned

prearranged

premeditated

purposeful

wilful

2.

unhurried

careful

cautious

circumspect

measured

methodical

ponderous

slow

thoughtful

verb

3.

consider

cogitate

consult

debate

discuss

meditate

ponder

reflect

think

weigh

deliberately

adverb

intentionally

by design

calculatingly

consciously

in cold blood

knowingly

on purpose

wilfully

wittingly

deliberation

[D.J.:dɪˌlɪbəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˌlɪbəˈreʃən]

n.

深思熟虑,研究

(言语、行动等的)从容,沉着,缓慢

deliberation *

1. deliberation
Deliberation is the long and careful consideration of a subject.

- In this house nothing is there by chance: it is always the result of great deliberation.

- After five minutes of deliberation, he was found guilty of murdering the president.

N-UNCOUNT

2. deliberation deliberations
Deliberations are formal discussions where an issue is considered carefully.

- ...the outcome of the deliberations...

- Their deliberations were rather inconclusive.

N-PLURAL
= debate

3. deliberation
If you say or do something with deliberation , you do it slowly and carefully.

- Fred spoke with deliberation.

- My mother folded her coat across the back of the chair with careful deliberation.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with N

deliberation

noun

1.

consideration

calculation

circumspection

forethought

meditation

reflection

thought

2.

discussion

conference

consultation

debate

deliberative

[D.J.:diˈlibərətiv]

[K.K.:dɪˈlɪbəˌretɪv, -ərətɪv]

adj.

(尤指大会等)审议的, 供审议的

deliberative

deliberative
A deliberative institution or procedure has the power or the right to make important decisions. (FORMAL)

- ...a deliberative chamber like the House of Commons.

ADJ usu ADJ n

delicacy

[D.J.:ˈdelɪkəsi:]

[K.K.:ˈdɛlɪkəsi]

n.

精致, 精美;娇嫩

精美的食物

棘手；微妙

feel a delicacy about

对…感到棘手

delicacy *

1. delicacy
Delicacy is the quality of being easy to break or harm, and refers especially to people or things that are attractive or graceful.

- ...the delicacy of a rose.

- ...a country where the feminine ideal is delicacy, slimness and grace.

N-UNCOUNT

2. delicacy
If you say that a situation or problem is of some delicacy , you mean that it is difficult to handle and needs careful and sensitive treatment.

- There was a matter of some delicacy on which he would be grateful for her advice.

- He sensed the delicacy of the situation.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

3. delicacy
If someone handles a difficult situation with delicacy , they handle it very carefully, making sure that nobody is offended.

- Both countries are behaving with rare delicacy.

- He's shown considerable delicacy and tact in feeling the public mood.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with N
= sensitivity tact

4. delicacy delicacies
A delicacy is a rare or expensive food that is considered especially nice to eat.

- Smoked salmon was considered an expensive delicacy.

- We were served course after course of mouthwatering local delicacies.

N-COUNT

delicacy

noun

1.

fineness

accuracy

daintiness

elegance

exquisiteness

lightness

precision

subtlety

2.

fragility

flimsiness

frailty

slenderness

tenderness

weakness

3.

treat

dainty

luxury

savoury

titbit

4.

fastidiousness

discrimination

finesse

purity

refinement

sensibility

taste

5.

sensitivity

sensitiveness

tact

delicate

[D.J.:ˈdelikit]

[K.K.:ˈdɛlɪkɪt]

adj.

娇弱的, 纤细的

易碎的, 脆弱的

微妙的, 有技巧的, 得当的

精美的, 雅致的

delicately

[D.J.:ˈdelɪkətlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈd ɛləkətlɪ]

adv.

优美地;精致地;微妙地

delicate **

1. delicate
Something that is delicate is small and beautifully shaped.

- He had delicate hands.

- ...an evergreen tree with large flame-coloured leaves and delicate blossom.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= dainty

2. delicately

- She was a shy, delicately pretty girl with enormous blue eyes.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed
= daintily

3. delicate
Something that is delicate has a colour, taste, or smell which is pleasant and not strong or intense.

- Young haricot beans have a tender texture and a delicate, subtle flavour.

- The colours are delicate and shimmering.

ADJ-GRADED
= subtle ≠ strong

4. delicately

- ...a soup delicately flavoured with nutmeg.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed/adj
= subtly

5. delicate
If something is delicate , it is easy to harm, damage, or break, and needs to be handled or treated carefully.

- Although the coral looks hard, it is very delicate.

- ...a washing machine catering for every fabric -- even the most delicate.

ADJ-GRADED
= fragile ≠ robust

6. delicate
Someone who is delicate is not healthy and strong, and becomes ill easily.

- She was physically delicate and psychologically unstable.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= frail sickly

7. delicate
You use delicate to describe a situation, problem, matter, or discussion that needs to be dealt with carefully and sensitively in order to avoid upsetting things or offending people.

- The European members are afraid of upsetting the delicate balance of political interests.

- This sensitive book tackles the delicate issue of adoption with care and simplicity.

- She turned to Mary Ann. `This is kind of delicate. Would you excuse us for a moment?'

ADJ-GRADED

8. delicately

- Clearly, the situation remains delicately poised.

- ...a delicately-worded memo.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

9. delicate
A delicate task, movement, action, or product needs or shows great skill and attention to detail.

- ...a long and delicate operation carried out at a hospital in Florence...

- Each motion must be delicate and precise, involving tiny movements.

ADJ-GRADED

10. delicately

- She picked her way delicately over the rocks.

- ...the delicately embroidered sheets.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

delicate

adjective

1.

fine

deft

elegant

exquisite

graceful

precise

skilled

subtle

2.

subtle

choice

dainty

delicious

fine

savoury

tender

3.

fragile

flimsy

frail

slender

slight

tender

weak

4.

considerate

diplomatic

discreet

sensitive

tactful

delicately

adverb

1.

finely

daintily

deftly

elegantly

exquisitely

gracefully

precisely

skilfully

subtly

2.

tactfully

diplomatically

sensitively

delicatessen

[D.J.:ˌdelikəˈtesn]

n.

熟食店

delicatessen

delicatessen delicatessens
A delicatessen is a shop that sells high quality foods such as cheeses and cold meats that have been imported from other countries.
N-COUNT

delicious

[D.J.:diˈliʃəs]

[K.K.:dɪˈlɪʃəs]

adj.

美味的, 可口的

令人开心的, 怡人的

(人际关系中的)技巧和谨慎; 敏感

deliciously

adv.

美味地,芬香地

delicious **

1. delicious
Food that is delicious has a very pleasant taste.

- There's always a wide selection of delicious meals to choose from.

- Pecan nuts are delicious both raw and cooked.

ADJ-GRADED
= tasty

2. deliciously

- This yoghurt has a deliciously creamy flavour.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

3. delicious
If you describe something as delicious , you mean that it is very pleasant.

- There is a delicious irony in all this.

- ...that delicious feeling of surprise.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. deliciously

- It leaves your hair smelling deliciously fresh and fragrant.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

delicious

adjective

delectable

appetizing

choice

dainty

mouthwatering

savoury

scrumptious informal

tasty

toothsome

delight

[D.J.:diˈlait]

[K.K.:dɪˈlaɪt]

n.

快乐, 高兴

使人高兴的东西或人

vt.

使高兴, 使欣喜

vi.

感到高兴[快乐]

delighted

[D.J.:dɪˈlaɪtɪd]

[K.K.:dɪˈlaɪtɪd]

adj.

喜欢的, 高兴的

delightedly

[D.J.:dɪˈlaɪtɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:dɪˈlaɪtɪdlɪ]

adv.

欣喜地,高兴地

delight ***

1. delight
Delight is a feeling of very great pleasure.

- Throughout the house, the views are a constant source of surprise and delight.

- Andrew roared with delight when he heard Rachel's nickname for the baby.

- To my great delight, it worked perfectly.

N-UNCOUNT

2. delight
If someone takes delight or takes a delight in something, they get a lot of pleasure from it.

- Haig took obvious delight in proving his critics wrong.

- I enjoy seeing your parents take such a delight in the boys.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR in -ing/n

3. delight delights
You can refer to someone or something that gives you great pleasure or enjoyment as a delight .

- Isn't she a delight?.

- The aircraft was a delight to fly.

- Sampling the local cuisine is one of the delights of a holiday abroad.

N-COUNT: oft N of n/-ing, N to-inf approval
= joy

4. delight delights delighting delighted
If something delights you, it gives you a lot of pleasure.

- She has created a style of music that has delighted audiences all over the world.

- The report has delighted environmentalists.

VB
≠ disappoint

5. delight delights delighting delighted
If you delight in something, you get a lot of pleasure from it.

- Generations of adults and children have delighted in the story.

- He delighted in sharing his love of birds with children.

VB

delighted ***

1. delighted
If you are delighted , you are extremely pleased and excited about something.

- I know Frank will be delighted to see you.

- He said that he was delighted with the public response.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to-inf, ADJ with n
= thrilled

2. delightedly

- `There!' Jackson exclaimed delightedly.

ADV: ADV with v

3. delighted
If someone invites or asks you to do something, you can say that you would be delighted to do it, as a way of showing that you are very willing to do it.

- `You must come to Tinsley's graduation party.' --- `I'd be delighted.'

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to-inf feelings

delight

noun

1.

pleasure

ecstasy

enjoyment

gladness

glee

happiness

joy

rapture

verb

2.

please

amuse

charm

cheer

enchant

gratify

thrill

delight in

3.

take pleasure in

appreciate

enjoy

feast on

like

love

relish

revel in

savour

delighted

adjective

pleased

ecstatic

elated

enchanted

happy

joyous

jubilant

overjoyed

thrilled

delightful

[D.J.:dɪˈlaɪtfəl]

[K.K.:dɪˈlaɪtfəl]

adj.

令人非常高兴的, 讨人喜欢的

delightfully

大喜,欣然

delightful **

1. delightful
If you describe something or someone as delightful , you mean they are very pleasant.

- It was the most delightful garden I had ever seen.

- She remembered Lucy as beautiful, charming and absolutely delightful.

ADJ-GRADED
= agreeable

2. delightfully

- This delightfully refreshing cologne can be splashed on liberally.

- ...fine cheese and delightfully packaged foie gras.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed

delightful

adjective

pleasant

agreeable

charming

delectable

enchanting

enjoyable

pleasurable

rapturous

thrilling

delimit

[D.J.:dɪˈlɪmɪt]

[K.K.:dɪˈlɪmɪt]

vt.

限制,定…的界

delimitation

n.

delimitation

[diˌlimiˈteiʃən]

n.

定界

delimit

delimit delimits delimiting delimited
If you delimit something, you fix or establish its limits. (FORMAL)

- This is not meant to delimit what approaches social researchers can adopt.

VB
= determine

delineate

[D.J.:dɪˈlɪni:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:dɪˈlɪniˌet]

vt.

勾画,描述

delineation

n.

delineation

[diˌliniˈeiʃən]

n.

描绘

delineate

1. delineate delineates delineating delineated
If you delineate something such as an idea or situation, you describe it or define it, often in a lot of detail. (FORMAL)

- Biography must to some extent delineate characters.

- The relationship between Church and State was delineated in a formal agreement.

VB

2. delineation

- ...his razor-sharp delineation of ordinary life.

N-UNCOUNT

3. delineate delineates delineating delineated
If you delineate a border, you say exactly where it is going to be. (FORMAL)

- We needed a peace settlement in order to determine and delineate the border.

VB

4. delineation

- ...differences in the delineation of the provincial borders.

N-UNCOUNT

delinquency

[D.J.:dɪˈlɪŋkwənsi:, -ˈlɪn-]

[K.K.:dɪˈlɪŋkwənsi, -ˈlɪn-]

n.

不法行为;少年罪犯

过失, 罪过

delinquency

1. delinquency
Delinquency is criminal behaviour, especially that of young people.

- He had no history of delinquency.

- ...a whole range of crimes and delinquencies.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
See also juvenile delinquency .

2. delinquency
Delinquency is failure to pay a debt or tax. (AM, TECHNICAL)

- Not all delinquencies lead to foreclosure.

- ...increases in mortgage delinquency rates.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

delinquent

[D.J.:dɪˈlɪŋkwənt, -ˈlɪn-]

[K.K.:dɪˈlɪŋkwənt, -ˈlɪn-]

adj.

违法的;有过失的

(债务、账目等)拖欠的, 到期未付的

n.

(尤指青少年)有过失的人, 违法的人

delinquent *

1. delinquent
Someone, usually a young person, who is delinquent repeatedly commits minor crimes.

- ...remand homes for delinquent children.

ADJ

2. delinquent delinquents
Also a noun.

- ...a nine-year-old delinquent.

N-COUNT
See also juvenile delinquent .

3. delinquent
A delinquent borrower or taxpayer is someone who has failed to pay their debts or taxes. (AM, TECHNICAL)

- ...a delinquent borrower.

ADJ: ADJ n

delinquent

noun

criminal

culprit

lawbreaker

miscreant

offender

villain

wrongdoer

delirious

[D.J.:dɪˈlɪəri:əs]

[K.K.:dɪˈlɪriəs]

adj.

精神混乱的

非常激动的

delirious *

1. delirious
Someone who is delirious is unable to think or speak in a sensible and reasonable way, usually because they are very ill and have a fever.

- I was delirious and blacked out several times.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

2. delirious
Someone who is delirious is extremely excited and happy.

- His tax-cutting pledge brought a delirious crowd to their feet.

- I was delirious with joy.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n
= ecstatic

3. deliriously

- Dora returned from her honeymoon deliriously happy.

- Barking deliriously, the dog bounded towards his mistress.

ADV: usu ADV adj, also ADV after v

delirious

adjective

1.

mad

crazy

demented

deranged

incoherent

insane

raving

unhinged

2.

ecstatic

beside oneself

carried away

excited

frantic

frenzied

hysterical

wild

delirium

[D.J.:dɪˈlɪəri:əm]

[K.K.:dɪˈlɪriəm]

n.

谵妄,神志昏迷,说胡话

极度兴奋,妄想

delirium tremens

(因酒精中毒引起的)震颤性谵妄

delirium

delirium
If someone is suffering from delirium , they are not able to think or speak in a sensible and reasonable way because they are very ill and have a fever.

- In her delirium, she had fallen to the floor several times.

N-UNCOUNT

delirium

noun

1.

madness

derangement

hallucination

insanity

raving

2.

frenzy

ecstasy

fever

hysteria

passion

deliver

[D.J.:diˈlivə]

[K.K.:dɪˈlɪvɚ]

vt. & vi.

递送, 交付

vt.

发言

助产

发动, 提出

delivered

[diˈlivəd]

adj.

在…交货的,包括运费在内的

deliver ****

1. deliver delivers delivering delivered
If you deliver something somewhere, you take it there.

- The Canadians plan to deliver more food to southern Somalia.

- The spy returned to deliver a second batch of classified documents.

- We were told the pizza would be delivered in 20 minutes.

VB

2. deliver delivers delivering delivered
If you deliver something that you have promised to do, make, or produce, you do, make, or produce it.

- They have yet to show that they can really deliver working technologies.

- ... proving they could deliver the vote in their areas...

- We don't promise what we can't deliver.

VB

3. deliver delivers delivering delivered
If you deliver a person or thing into someone's care, you give them responsibility for that person or thing. (FORMAL)

- Mrs Montgomery was delivered into Mr Hinchcliffe's care.

- David delivered Holly gratefully into the woman's outstretched arms.

- He was led in in handcuffs and delivered over to me.

VB
= hand over

4. deliver delivers delivering delivered
If you deliver a lecture or speech, you give it in public. (FORMAL)

- The president will deliver a speech about schools.

- It is shocking that only one woman has delivered the lecture in 44 years.

VB
= make

5. deliver delivers delivering delivered
When someone delivers a baby, they help the woman who is giving birth to the baby.

- Although we'd planned to have our baby at home, we never expected to deliver her ourselves!

VB

6. deliver delivers delivering delivered
If someone delivers a blow to someone else, they hit them. (WRITTEN)

- Those blows to the head could have been delivered by a woman.

VB

7. deliver delivers delivering delivered
If someone delivers you from something, they rescue or save you from it. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- I have given thanks to God for delivering me from that pain.

VB

deliver

verb

1.

carry

bear

bring

cart

convey

distribute

transport

2.

hand over

commit

give up

grant

make over

relinquish

surrender

transfer

turn over

yield

3.

give

announce

declare

present

read

utter

4.

release

emancipate

free

liberate

loose

ransom

rescue

save

5.

strike

administer

aim

deal

direct

give

inflict

launch

deliverance

[D.J.:dɪˈlɪvərəns, -ˈlɪvrəns]

[K.K.:dɪˈlɪvərəns, -ˈlɪvrəns]

n.

<文>解救;解脱

deliverance

deliverance
Deliverance is rescue from imprisonment, danger, or evil. (LITERARY)

- The opening scene shows them celebrating their sudden deliverance from war.

- She prayed to God for deliverance.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N from n
= salvation

deliverance

noun

release

emancipation

escape

liberation

ransom

redemption

rescue

salvation

delivery

[D.J.:diˈlivəri]

[K.K.:dɪˈlɪvəri, -ˈlɪvri]

n.

投递, 送交

投递的邮件, 发送的货物

分娩

讲话方式, 演讲风格

delivery ***

1. delivery deliveries
Delivery or a delivery is the bringing of letters, parcels, or other goods to someone's house or to another place where they want them.

- Please allow 28 days for delivery.

- It is available at £108, including VAT and delivery.

- ...the delivery of goods and resources.

N-VAR: oft N of n

2. delivery deliveries
A delivery of something is the goods that are delivered.

- I got a delivery of fresh eggs this morning.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. delivery
A delivery person or service delivers things to a place.

- ...a pizza delivery man.

- ...Interflora, the flower delivery service.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. delivery
You talk about someone's delivery when you are referring to the way in which they give a speech or lecture.

- His speeches were magnificently written but his delivery was hopeless.

N-UNCOUNT: usu poss N

5. delivery deliveries
Delivery is the process of giving birth to a baby.

- In the end, it was an easy delivery: a fine baby boy.

- Premature birth is three times more likely for twins, and delivery at 36 to 38 weeks is normal.

N-VAR
= birth

delivery

noun

1.

handing over

consignment

conveyance

dispatch

distribution

surrender

transfer

transmission

2.

speech

articulation

elocution

enunciation

intonation

utterance

3.

childbirth

confinement

labour

parturition

delivery room

delivery room delivery rooms
In a hospital, the delivery room is the room where women give birth to their babies.
N-COUNT

dell

[D.J.:del]

[K.K.:dɛl]

n.

小谷; 幽谷

dell

dell dells
A dell is a small valley which has trees growing in it. (LITERARY)
N-COUNT

delphinium

[D.J.:delˈfiniəm]

[K.K.:dɛlˈfɪniəm]

n.

飞燕草,飞燕草子,翠雀花

delphinium

delphinium delphiniums
A delphinium is a garden plant which has a tall stem with blue flowers growing up it.
N-COUNT

delta

[D.J.:ˈdeltə]

[K.K.:ˈdɛltə]

n.

希腊字母表中第四个字母

(河口的)三角洲

delta *

delta deltas
A delta is an area of low, flat land shaped like a triangle, where a river splits and spreads out into several branches before entering the sea.

- ...the Mississippi delta.

N-COUNT: oft n N

delude

[D.J.:dɪˈlu:d]

[K.K.:dɪˈlud]

vt.

欺骗, 哄骗

delude

1. delude deludes deluding deluded
If you delude yourself, you let yourself believe that something is true, even though it is not true.

- The President was deluding himself if he thought he was safe from such action.

- We delude ourselves that we are in control.

- I had deluded myself into believing that it would all come right in the end.

VB

2. delude deludes deluding deluded
To delude someone into thinking something means to make them believe what is not true.

- Television deludes you into thinking you have experienced reality, when you haven't.

- He had been unwittingly deluded by their mystical nonsense.

VB
= deceive

deluded

deluded
Someone who is deluded believes something that is not true.

- But those planning to put the new invention to good use were sadly deluded.

- You poor deluded fool!

ADJ-GRADED
= misguided

delude

verb

deceive

beguile

dupe

fool

hoodwink

kid informal

mislead

take in informal

trick

deluge

[D.J.:ˈdelju:dʒ]

[K.K.:ˈdɛljudʒ]

n.

(大)洪水;大雨, 暴雨

洪水般涌来的事物

vt.

<正>使淹没, 淹没

被洪水般涌来的事物所淹没, 穷于应付

deluge *

1. deluge deluges
A deluge of things is a large number of them which arrive or happen at the same time.

- A deluge of manuscripts began to arrive in the post.

- This has brought a deluge of criticism.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n
= flood

2. deluge deluges deluging deluged
If a place or person is deluged with things, a large number of them arrive or happen at the same time.

- During 1933, Papen's office was deluged with complaints.

VB: usu passive

3. deluge deluges
A deluge is a sudden, very heavy fall of rain.

- About a dozen homes were damaged in the deluge.

N-COUNT
= downpour

4. deluge deluges deluging deluged
If rain deluges a place, it falls very heavily there, sometimes causing floods. (WRITTEN)

- At least 150 people are believed to have died after two days of torrential rain deluged the capital.

VB
= flood

deluge

noun

1.

flood

cataclysm

downpour

inundation

overflowing

spate

torrent

2.

rush

avalanche

barrage

flood

spate

torrent

verb

3.

flood

douse

drench

drown

inundate

soak

submerge

swamp

4.

overwhelm

engulf

inundate

overload

overrun

swamp

delusion

[D.J.:diˈlu:ʒən]

[K.K.:dɪˈluʒən]

n.

欺骗, 迷惑, 受骗

谬见; 错觉; 妄想

delusion *

1. delusion delusions
A delusion is a false idea.

- I was under the delusion that he intended to marry me.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. delusion
Delusion is the state of believing things that are not true.

- Insinuations about her mental state, about her capacity for delusion were being made.

N-UNCOUNT

3. delusion
If someone has delusions of grandeur , they think and behave as if they are much more important or powerful than they really are.

- He suggested that we suffer delusions of grandeur as a football nation.

- ...mansions built by men with delusions of grandeur.

PHR disapproval

delusion

noun

misconception

error

fallacy

false impression

fancy

hallucination

illusion

misapprehension

mistake

deluxe

[diˈlʌks,diˈluks]

adj.

豪华的,华丽的

adv.

豪华地

deluxe *

deluxe
Deluxe goods or services are better in quality and more expensive than ordinary ones.

- ...a rare, highly prized deluxe wine.

- ...exclusive fashion de luxe for the businesswoman.

ADJ: ADJ n, n ADJ (BRIT) also de luxe
= luxury

delve

[D.J.:delv]

[K.K.:dɛlv]

vi.

深入探究, 钻研

delve *

1. delve delves delving delved
If you delve into something, you try to discover new information about it.

- Tormented by her ignorance, Jenny delves into her mother's past.

- When you delve a bit deeper, you discover that what makes you leave things to the last minute is fear of failure.

VB
= dig probe

2. delve delves delving delved
If you delve inside something such as a cupboard or a bag, you search inside it. (WRITTEN)

- She delved into her rucksack and pulled out a folder.

VB

delve

verb

research

burrow

explore

ferret out

forage

investigate

look into

probe

rummage

search

demagogic

[D.J.:ˌdeməˈɡɔɡik]

[K.K.:ˌdɛməˈɡɑdʒɪk, -ˈɡɑɡ-, -ˈɡodʒɪk]

adj.

煽动的,蛊惑人心的

demagogic

demagogic
If you say that someone such as a politician is demagogic , you are criticizing them because you think they try to win people's support by appealing to their emotions rather than using reasonable arguments. (FORMAL)

- ...a demagogic populist.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

demagogue

[D.J.:ˈdeməɡɔɡ]

[K.K.:ˈdɛməˌɡɔɡ, -ˌɡɑɡ]

n.

煽动者, 蛊惑民心的政客

demagogue

demagogue demagogues
If you say that someone such as a politician is a demagogue you are criticizing them because you think they try to win people's support by appealing to their emotions rather than using reasonable arguments.
N-COUNT: oft adj N (AM) also demagog disapproval
= agitator

demagogue

noun

agitator

firebrand

rabble-rouser

demagogy

[D.J.:ˈdeməɡɔɡi]

[K.K.:ˈdɛməˌɡɑdʒi, -ˌɡɔdʒi, -ˌɡɑɡi, -ˌɡodʒi]

n.

煽动家的方法与行为

demagogy

demagogy
You can refer to a method of political rule as demagogy if you disapprove of it because you think it involves appealing to people's emotions rather than using reasonable arguments.
N-UNCOUNT also demagoguery . disapproval

demand

[D.J.:diˈmɑ:nd]

[K.K.:dɪˈmænd]

vt.

要求

需要

想要知道, 查问

n.

要求, 所需求之物

需求, 需要

demanding

[D.J.:dɪˈmændɪŋ]

[K.K.:dɪˈmændɪŋ]

adj.

很费心的, 很费力的

demand *****

1. demand demands demanding demanded
If you demand something such as information or action, you ask for it in a very forceful way.

- Mr Byers last night demanded an immediate explanation from the Education Secretary.

- Russia demanded that Unita send a delegation to the peace talks.

- The hijackers are demanding to speak to representatives of both governments.

- `What did you expect me to do about it?' she demanded.

VB

2. demand demands demanding demanded
If one thing demands another, the first needs the second in order to happen or be dealt with successfully.

- He said the task of reconstruction would demand much patience, hard work and sacrifice.

- There would be fewer international crises demanding his attention.

- But he could also turn on the style when the occasion demanded.

VB
= require

3. demand demands
A demand is a firm request for something.

- There have been demands for services from tenants up there.

- They consistently rejected the demand to remove US troops.

- He grew ever more fierce in his demands.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. demand
If you refer to demand , or to the demand for something, you are referring to how many people want to have it, do it, or buy it.

- Another flight would be arranged on Saturday if sufficient demand arose.

- Demand for coal is down and so are prices.

- The demand to see her work is much greater than expected.

- Because of the slump in domestic demand, production has stopped.

N-UNCOUNT
= call ≠ supply

5. demand demands
The demands of something or its demands on you are the things which it needs or the things which you have to do for it.

- Researchers wrongly assumed that people were quite clear about the demands of the task.

- ...the demands and challenges of a new job...

- There were too many other demands on his loyalty now.

N-PLURAL: usu N of n, N on n
= requirements

6. demand
If someone or something is in demand or in great demand , they are very popular and a lot of people want them.

- He was much in demand as a lecturer in the US, as well as at universities all over Europe.

PHR: v-link PHR
= sought after

7. demand
If someone or something makes demands on you, they require you to do things which need a lot of time, energy, or money.

- I had no right to make demands on his time.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR on n

8. demand
If something is available or happens on demand , you can have it or it happens whenever you want it or ask for it.

- ...a national commitment to providing treatment on demand for drug abusers.

PHR

demanding *

1. demanding
A demanding job or task requires a lot of your time, energy, or attention.

- He tried to return to work, but found he could no longer cope with his demanding job.

- It is a demanding role and she needs to work hard at it.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. demanding
People who are demanding are not easily satisfied or pleased.

- Ricky was a very demanding child.

- Her boss was very demanding but appreciative of Christina's talents.

ADJ-GRADED

demand

verb

1.

request

ask

challenge

inquire

interrogate

question

2.

require

call for

cry out for

entail

involve

necessitate

need

want

3.

claim

exact

expect

insist on

order

noun

4.

request

inquiry

order

question

requisition

5.

need

call

claim

market

requirement

want

demanding

adjective

difficult

challenging

exacting

hard

taxing

tough

trying

wearing

demarcate

[D.J.:dɪˈmɑ:ˌkeɪt, ˈdi:mɑ:ˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:dɪˈmɑrˌket, ˈdimɑrˌket]

vt.

定…的界线;区分

demarcate

demarcate demarcates demarcating demarcated
If you demarcate something, you establish its boundaries or limits. (FORMAL)

- A special UN commission was formed to demarcate the border.

VB
= delimit

demarcation

[D.J.:ˌdi:mɑ:ˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdimɑrˈkeʃən]

n.

划界,立界

(工会对哪个工作由哪个工会来做的)分工

demarcation

demarcation
Demarcation is the establishment of boundaries or limits separating two areas, groups, or things. (FORMAL)

- ...the demarcation line between Indian and Pakistani Kashmir...

- Talks were continuing about the demarcation of the border between the two countries.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

demarcation

noun

delimitation

differentiation

distinction

division

separation

demean

[D.J.:dɪˈmi:n]

[K.K.:dɪˈmin]

vt.

使降低身份,使卑下

demean

1. demean demeans demeaning demeaned
If you demean yourself, you do something which makes people have less respect for you.

- I wasn't going to demean myself by acting like a suspicious wife.

VB

2. demean demeans demeaning demeaned
To demean someone or something means to make people have less respect for them.

- Some groups say that pornography demeans women and incites rape.

VB
= degrade

demeaning

demeaning
Something that is demeaning makes people have less respect for the person who is treated in that way, or who does that thing.

- ...making demeaning sexist comments...

- Aid, however it is obtained, is demeaning to the recipients.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
= degrading

demean

verb

lower

abase

debase

degrade

descend

humble

stoop

demeanour

[D.J.:dɪˈmi:nə]

[K.K.:dɪˈminɚ]

n.

<正>行为,举止,态度

demeanour *

demeanour
Your demeanour is the way you behave, which gives people an impression of your character and feelings. (FORMAL)

- From his general demeanour I didn't get the impression that he was being ironical.

- ...her calm and cheerful demeanour.

N-UNCOUNT: usu poss N (AM) demeanor
= manner

demeanour

noun

behaviour

air

bearing

carriage

comportment

conduct

deportment

manner

demented

[D.J.:diˈmentid]

[K.K.:dɪˈmɛntɪd]

adj.

疯狂的, 精神错乱的

demented *

1. demented
Someone who is demented has a severe mental illness, especially Alzheimer's disease. (OLD-FASHIONED or MEDICAL)

- At what point does it become necessary to place a demented person in a nursing home?

ADJ-GRADED

2. demented
If you describe someone as demented , you think that their actions are strange, foolish, or uncontrolled. (INFORMAL)

- He had been granted his own TV show by some demented executive.

- ...as Sid broke into demented laughter.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= crazy

demented

adjective

mad

crazed

crazy

deranged

frenzied

insane

maniacal

unbalanced

unhinged

dementia

[D.J.:diˈmenʃiə]

[K.K.:dɪˈmɛnʃə]

n.

〈医〉痴呆

dementia *

dementia dementias
Dementia is a serious illness of the mind. (MEDICAL)
N-VAR

demerara sugar

demerara sugar
Demerara sugar is a type of brown sugar. It is made from sugar cane that is grown in the West Indies. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

demerge

[di:ˈmə:dʒ]

vt.

使分离；使拆分

demerge

demerge demerges demerging demerged
If a large company is demerged or demerges , it is broken down into several smaller companies. (BRIT)

- Zeneca was at last demerged from its parent firm, ICI.

- Several informed observers believe his ultimate aim is to demerge the group.

- Have you ever wondered why so many companies merge and so few demerge?

V-ERG
≠ merge

demerger

[diˈmə:dʒə]

n.

中止合并关系,合并企业解散

demerger

demerger demergers
A demerger is the separation of a large company into several smaller companies. (BRIT)
N-COUNT
≠ merger

demerit

[D.J.:dɪˈmerɪt]

[K.K.:dɪˈmɛrɪt]

n.

<正>缺点, 过失, 短处

demerit

demerit demerits
The demerits of something or someone are their faults or disadvantages. (FORMAL)

- ...editorials and leading articles debating the merits and demerits of the three candidates.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with poss
≠ merit

demi-

[ˈdemi]

pref.

表示“半,次等”之义

demi-

demi-
Demi- is used at the beginning of some words to refer to something equivalent to half of the object or amount indicated by the rest of the word.
PREFIX

demigod

[D.J.:ˈdemiɡɔd]

[K.K.:ˈdɛmiˌɡɑd]

n.

半神半人,受崇拜的人,小神

demigod

1. demigod demigods
In mythology, a demigod is a less important god, especially one who is half god and half human.
N-COUNT

2. demigod demigods
If you describe a famous or important person such as a politician, writer, or musician as a demigod , you mean that you disapprove of the way in which people admire them and treat them like a god.
N-COUNT disapproval

demilitarization

n.

非军事化,解除武装,废除军备

demilitarize

[D.J.:di:ˈmilitəraiz]

[K.K.:diˈmɪlɪtəˌraɪz]

vt.

解除武装,废除军备

demilitarized

非武装的

demilitarize *

1. demilitarize demilitarizes demilitarizing demilitarized
To demilitarize an area means to ensure that all military forces are removed from it.

- He said the UN had made remarkable progress in demilitarizing the region.

- The area could be turned into a demilitarized zone.

VB (BRIT) also demilitarise

2. demilitarization

- He said demilitarization of the country was out of the question.

N-UNCOUNT

demise

[D.J.:dɪˈmaɪz]

[K.K.:dɪˈmaɪz]

n.

死

终止

demise **

demise
The demise of something or someone is their end or death. (FORMAL)

- ...the demise of the reform movement...

- Smoking, rather than genetics, was the cause of his early demise.

N-SING: usu with poss

demise

noun

1.

failure

collapse

downfall

end

fall

ruin

2.

death

decease

departure

demo

[ˈdeməu]

n.

演示,民主党员,样本唱片

demos

[D.J.:ˈdi:mɔs]

[K.K.:ˈdiˌmɑs]

n.

古希腊城邦平民,民众

demo *

1. demo demos
A demo is a demonstration by a group of people to show their opposition to something or their support for something. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...an anti-racist demo.

N-COUNT

2. demo demos
A demo is a record or tape with a sample of someone's music recorded on it. (INFORMAL)

- He listened to one of my demo tapes and said he was keen to work with me.

- Send us a demo with one or two of your best songs.

N-COUNT: oft N n

demob

[D.J.:di:ˈmɔb]

[K.K.:diˈmɑb]

n.

遣散,复员

demob

demob
Someone's demob is their release from the armed forces. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I didn't get back to Brussels until after my demob.

- Didn't they give you a demob suit?

N-UNCOUNT

demobbed

demobbed
When soldiers are demobbed , they are released from the armed forces. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I'm still in the air force, though I'll be demobbed in a couple of months.

- ...housing and retraining demobbed soldiers.

V-PASSIVE

demobilization

[D.J.:di:ˌməʊbɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən]

[K.K.:diˌmob l..ɪˈzeʃən]

n.

<军>复员,动员解除;遣散

demobilize

[D.J.:di:ˈməʊbəˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:diˈmobəˌlaɪz]

vt. & vi.

<正>使复原,遣散

demobilize *

1. demobilize demobilizes demobilizing demobilized
If a country or armed force demobilizes its troops, or if its troops demobilize , its troops are released from service and allowed to go home.

- Dos Santos has demanded that UNITA sign a cease-fire and demobilize its troops.

- It is highly unlikely that the rebels will agree to give up their weapons and demobilise.

V-ERG (BRIT) also demobilise

2. demobilization

- The government had previously been opposed to the demobilisation of its 100,000 strong army.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

3. demobilize demobilizes demobilizing demobilized
If someone has been demobilized , they have completed their service in the armed forces of their country. (AM)

- I spent one year in the service and did not come back to the United States until after I was demobilized.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also demobilise

democracy

[D.J.:diˈmɔkrəsi]

[K.K.:dɪˈmɑkrəsi]

n.

民主, 民主制

民主国家

democracy ****

1. democracy
Democracy is a system of government in which people choose their rulers by voting for them in elections.

- The spread of democracy in Eastern Europe appears to have had negative as well as positive consequences.

- ...the pro-democracy movement.

N-UNCOUNT

2. democracy democracies
A democracy is a country in which the people choose their government by voting for it.

- The new democracies face tough challenges.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

3. democracy
Democracy is a system of running organizations, businesses, and groups in which each member is entitled to vote and take part in decisions.

- ...the union's emphasis on industrial democracy.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

democracy

noun Euphemistic

self-government

commonwealth

republic

democrat

[D.J.:ˈdeməkræt]

[K.K.:ˈdɛməˌkræt]

n.

民主主义者, 民主人士

democrat ****

1. democrat democrats
A Democrat is a member or supporter of a particular political party which has the word `democrat' or `democratic' in its title, for example the Democratic Party in the United States.

- ...a senior Christian Democrat...

- Congressman Tom Downey is a Democrat from New York.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

2. democrat democrats
A democrat is a person who believes in the ideals of democracy, personal freedom, and equality.

- This is the time for democrats and not dictators.

N-COUNT

democratic

[D.J.:ˌdeməˈkrætik]

[K.K.:ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk]

adj.

民主的, 有民主精神或作风的

democratically

[D.J.:ˌdeməˈkrætɪklɪ]

[K.K.:ˌd ɛməˈkrætɪklɪ]

adv.

民主地

democratic ****

1. democratic
A democratic country, government, or political system is governed by representatives who are elected by the people.

- Bolivia returned to democratic rule in 1982, after a series of military governments.

- ...the country's first democratic elections.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. democratically

- That June, Yeltsin became Russia's first democratically elected President.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v

3. democratic
Something that is democratic is based on the idea that everyone should have equal rights and should be involved in making important decisions.

- Education is the basis of a democratic society.

- He called for widespread changes to make the armed forces more democratic and less expensive.

ADJ-GRADED
= egalitarian

4. democratically

- This committee will enable decisions to be made democratically.

ADV-GRADED

5. democratic
Democratic is used in the titles of some political parties.

- ...the Social Democratic Party.

- ...the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan...

- Maxine Waters is a Democratic Congresswoman, representing South Central Los Angeles.

ADJ: ADJ n

democratic

adjective

self-governing

autonomous

egalitarian

popular

populist

representative

democratization

n.

民主化

democratize

[D.J.:diˈmɔkrətaiz]

[K.K.:dɪˈmɑkrəˌtaɪz]

v.

(使)民主化

democratize

1. democratize democratizes democratizing democratized
If a country or a system is democratized , it is made democratic. (JOURNALISM)

- ...a further need to democratize the life of society as a whole...

- When he left his native country, he said he would not return until it had been fully democratised.

VB (BRIT) also democratise

2. democratization

- ...the democratisation of Eastern Europe.

- ...the democratization process.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

demographic

[D.J.:ˌdeməˈgræfɪk, ˌdi:mə-]

[K.K.:ˌdɛməˈɡræfɪk, ˌdimə-]

adj.

人口统计学的

demographics

[D.J.:ˌdeməˈɡræfiks]

[K.K.:ˌdɛməˈɡræfɪks, ˌdimə-]

n.

人口特征

demography

[D.J.:dɪˈmɔgrəfi:]

[K.K.:dɪˈmɑɡrəfi]

n.

人口统计学

demographic

adj.

人口统计学的

demographic *

1. demographic
Demographic means relating to or concerning demography.
ADJ: ADJ n

2. demographic demographics
The demographics of a place or society are statistics relating to the people who live there.

- ...the changing demographics of the United States.

N-PLURAL: oft N of n

3. demographic
In business, a demographic is a group of people in a society, especially people in a particular age group.

- The station has won more listeners in the 25-39 demographic.

N-SING

demographer

[di:ˈmɔɡrəfə]

n.

人口统计学家

demography

1. demography
Demography is the study of the changes in numbers of births, deaths, marriages, and cases of disease in a community over a period of time.
N-UNCOUNT

2. demographer demographers

- ...a politically astute economist and demographer.

N-COUNT

demolish

[D.J.:diˈmɔliʃ]

[K.K.:dɪˈmɑlɪʃ]

vt.

摧毁; 推翻; 拆毁(尤指大建筑物)

〈非正〉吃光

demolish *

1. demolish demolishes demolishing demolished
To demolish something such as a building means to destroy it completely.

- A storm moved directly over the island, demolishing buildings and flooding streets.

- The building is now being demolished to make way for a motorway.

VB

2. demolish demolishes demolishing demolished
If you demolish someone's ideas or arguments, you prove that they are completely wrong or unreasonable.

- Our intention was quite the opposite -- to demolish rumours that have surrounded him since he took office.

- The myth that Japan is not open to concerns from outside has, I think, been demolished at a stroke.

VB

3. demolish demolishes demolishing demolished
If a person or team demolishes their opponents, they defeat them by a great amount. (JOURNALISM)

- Millwall demolished Notts County 6-0 on Saturday.

VB
= annihilate

demolish

verb

1.

knock down

bulldoze

destroy

dismantle

flatten

level

raze

tear down

2.

defeat

annihilate

destroy

overthrow

overturn

undo

wreck

demolition

[D.J.:ˌdeməˈlɪʃən, ˌdi:mə-]

[K.K.:ˌdɛməˈlɪʃən, ˌdimə-]

n.

毁坏,破坏;拆毁

demolition derby

<美>撞车比赛

demolition *

1. demolition demolitions
The demolition of a building is the act of deliberately destroying it, often in order to build something else in its place.

- The project required the total demolition of the old bridge.

- The High Court has granted permission for the demolition work to continue.

N-VAR

2. demolition
The demolition of a team or opponent is their defeat by a great amount. (JOURNALISM)

- ...Lazio's impressive 3-1 demolition of Inter Milan.

N-UNCOUNT
= annihilation

demolition

noun

knocking down

bulldozing

destruction

explosion

levelling

razing

tearing down

wrecking

demon

[D.J.:ˈdi:mən]

[K.K.:ˈdimən]

n.

恶魔,恶鬼,鬼

<口>恶人,恶棍

<非正>精力过人的人;技艺出众的人

the demon drink

含酒精饮料

demon *

1. demon demons
A demon is an evil spirit.

- ...a woman possessed by demons.

N-COUNT (BRIT) also daemon

2. demon demons
Sources of worry or conflict which trouble a person or group of people are sometimes referred to as demons . (LITERARY)

- His private demons drove him to drink excessively for many years.

- ...the demons of hatred, violence and ethnic fanaticism.

N-COUNT: usu pl (BRIT) also daemon

3. demon demons
If you approve of someone because they are very skilled at what they do or because they do it energetically, you can say that they do it like a demon .

- He played like a demon.

- He is a demon organizer.

N-COUNT (BRIT) also daemon approval

4. demon demons
If you refer to a powerful person such as a politician as a demon , you mean that you believe they are bad and might be dangerous.

- She was a dictator and a demon.

- He was seen as a demon, determined to hand the country over to the reactionaries.

N-COUNT (BRIT) also daemon disapproval

demon

noun

1.

evil spirit

devil

fiend

ghoul

goblin

malignant spirit

2.

wizard

ace informal

fiend

master

demonic

[D.J.:dɪˈmɔnɪk]

[K.K.:dɪˈmɑnɪk]

adj.

恶魔的;魔鬼似的;恶魔般的

demonic

1. demonic
Demonic means coming from or belonging to a demon or being like a demon.

- ...demonic forces.

- ...a demonic grin.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also daemonic .

2. demonic
If someone has demonic energy, drive, or abilities, they are more energetic, determined, or clever than most people.

- ...a demonic drive to succeed.

ADJ: ADJ n also daemonic .

demonic demoniacal

adjective

1.

devilish

diabolic

diabolical

fiendish

hellish

infernal

satanic

2.

frenzied

crazed

frantic

frenetic

furious

hectic

maniacal

manic

demonize

[D.J.:ˈdi:mənaiz]

[K.K.:ˈdiməˌnaɪz]

vt.

使成为魔鬼

demonize

demonize demonizes demonizing demonized
If people demonize someone, they convince themselves that that person is evil.

- Each side began to demonize the other.

VB (BRIT) also demonise

demonology

[D.J.:ˌdi:məˈnɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:ˌdiməˈnɑlədʒi]

n.

鬼神学,魔鬼研究

demonology

demonology
Demonology is a set of beliefs which says that a particular situation or group of people is evil or unacceptable.

- In popular demonology, the administration looms as large in France as the trades unions used to do in Britain.

N-UNCOUNT

demonstrable

[D.J.:dɪˈmɔnstrəbəl]

[K.K.:dɪˈmɑnstrəbəl]

adj.

可表明的,可论证的

demonstrably

adv.

demonstrably

adv.

确然

demonstrable

1. demonstrable
A demonstrable fact or quality can be shown to be true or to exist. (FORMAL)

- An additive is permitted in food only where there is a genuine demonstrable need for it.

- Despite its demonstrable speed and safety, the boat failed to become popular.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. demonstrably

- ...demonstrably false statements.

ADV

demonstrable

adjective

provable

evident

irrefutable

obvious

palpable

self-evident

unmistakable

verifiable

demonstrate

[D.J.:ˈdemənstreit]

[K.K.:ˈdɛmənˌstret]

vi.

举行示威游行(或集会)

vt.

说明, 演示

论证, 证明

显示, 表露

demonstrate ***

1. demonstrate demonstrates demonstrating demonstrated
To demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.

- The study also demonstrated a direct link between obesity and mortality.

- You have to demonstrate that you are reliable.

- They are anxious to demonstrate to the voters that they have practical policies.

- He's demonstrated how a campaign based on domestic issues can move votes.

VB
= show prove

2. demonstrate demonstrates demonstrating demonstrated
If you demonstrate a particular skill, quality, or feeling, you show by your actions that you have it.

- Have they, for example, demonstrated a commitment to democracy?.

- The government's going to great lengths to demonstrate its military might.

VB
= show display

3. demonstrate demonstrates demonstrating demonstrated
When people demonstrate , they march or gather somewhere to show their opposition to something or their support for something.

- Some 30,000 angry farmers arrived in Brussels yesterday to demonstrate against possible cuts in subsidies.

- In the cities vast crowds have been demonstrating for change.

- Thousands of people have been demonstrating outside the parliament building in Sofia.

VB
= protest

4. demonstrate demonstrates demonstrating demonstrated
If you demonstrate something, you show people how it works or how to do it.

- The BBC has just successfully demonstrated a new digital radio transmission system.

- He flew the prototype to West Raynham to demonstrate it to a group of senior officers.

- They prepare them with a detailed manual, then demonstrate how to do the job.

VB

demonstrate

verb

1.

prove

display

exhibit

indicate

manifest

show

testify to

2.

show how

describe

explain

illustrate

make clear

teach

3.

march

parade

picket

protest

rally

demonstration

[D.J.:ˌdemənˈstreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛmənˈstreʃən]

n.

表明;证明;示范

<非正>游行示威

demonstration ***

1. demonstration demonstrations
A demonstration is a march or gathering which people take part in to show their opposition to something or their support for something.

- Riot police used teargas and truncheons this afternoon to break up a demonstration by students.

- ...mass demonstrations.

N-COUNT

2. demonstration demonstrations
A demonstration of something is a talk by someone who shows you how to do it or how it works.

- ...a cookery demonstration.

- ...demonstrations of new products.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. demonstration demonstrations
A demonstration of a fact or situation is a clear proof of it.

- It was an unprecedented demonstration of people power by the citizens of Moscow.

- This was a very practical demonstration of why the Army trained people to be disciplined.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

4. demonstration demonstrations
A demonstration of a quality or feeling is an expression of it.

- There's been no public demonstration of opposition to the President.

- ...physical demonstrations of affection.

N-COUNT: N of n
= display

demonstration

noun

1.

march

mass lobby

parade

picket

protest

rally

sit-in

2.

explanation

description

exposition

presentation

test

trial

3.

proof

confirmation

display

evidence

exhibition

expression

illustration

testimony

demonstrative

[D.J.:dɪˈmɔnstrətɪv]

[K.K.:dɪˈmɑnstrətɪv]

adj.

公开表露感情的;感情外露的

<正式>表明…

demonstratively

adv.

论证地

demonstrative

1. demonstrative
Someone who is demonstrative shows affection freely and openly.

- Richard was not normally demonstrative, but he came forward quickly and gave her a hug.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ reserved

2. demonstratively

- Some children respond more demonstratively than others.

ADV-GRADED

3. demonstrative demonstratives
In grammar, the words `this', `that', `these', and `those' are sometimes called demonstratives .
N-COUNT

demonstrator

[D.J.:ˈdemənstreitə]

[K.K.:ˈdɛmənˌstretɚ]

n.

游行示威者

证明者, 示范者

demonstrator ***

1. demonstrator demonstrators
Demonstrators are people who are marching or gathering somewhere to show their opposition to something or their support for something.

- I saw the police using tear gas to try and break up a crowd of demonstrators.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. demonstrator demonstrators
A demonstrator is a person who shows people how something works or how to do something.
N-COUNT

demoralization

n.

道德败坏,纪律松弛,士气消沉

demoralize

[D.J.:dɪˈmɔ:rəˌlaɪz, -ˈmɔr-]

[K.K.:dɪˈmɔrəˌlaɪz, -ˈmɑr-]

vt.

使士气低落,使意志消沉

demoralize *

1. demoralize demoralizes demoralizing demoralized
If something demoralizes someone, it makes them lose so much confidence in what they are doing that they want to give up.

- Clearly, one of the objectives is to demoralize the enemy troops in any way they can.

VB (BRIT) also demoralise
= dishearten

2. demoralized

- The Bismarck could now move only at a crawl and her crew were exhausted, hopeless and utterly demoralized.

- ...legitimate grievances raised by a demoralized police force.

ADJ-GRADED
= dispirited

3. demoralization

- ...the lingering demoralization that followed defeat in World War I.

N-UNCOUNT

demoralizing

demoralizing
If something is demoralizing , it makes you lose so much confidence in what you are doing that you want to give up.

- Redundancy can be a demoralising prospect.

- Persistent disapproval or criticism can be highly demoralizing.

ADJ-GRADED (BRIT) also demoralising
= disheartening

demoralize

verb

dishearten

deject

depress

discourage

dispirit

undermine

unnerve

weaken

demote

[D.J.:dɪˈməʊt]

[K.K.:dɪˈmot]

vt.

使降级,使降职

demotion

[ˌdi:ˈməuʃən]

n.

降级

demote *

1. demote demotes demoting demoted
If someone demotes you, they give you a lower rank or a less important position than you already have, often as a punishment.

- It's very difficult to demote somebody who has been standing in during maternity leave.

- If they prove ineffective they should be demoted or asked to retire.

VB
≠ promote

2. demotion demotions

- He is seeking redress for what he alleges was an unfair demotion.

N-VAR
≠ promotion

3. demote demotes demoting demoted
If a team in a sports league is demoted , that team has to compete in the next competition in a lower division, because it was one of the least successful teams in the higher division. (BRIT)

- Swindon Town were demoted two divisions after the club admitted thirty-six breaches of the Football League's rules.

VB: usu passive
≠ promote

4. demotion

- The team now almost certainly faces demotion.

N-VAR
≠ promotion

demote

verb

downgrade

degrade

kick downstairs slang

lower in rank

relegate

demotic

[D.J.:diˈmɔtik]

[K.K.:dɪˈmɑtɪk]

n.

(古埃及)通俗文字

adj.

口语的, 通俗的

demotic

1. demotic
Demotic language is the type of informal language used by ordinary people. (FORMAL)

- ...television's demotic style of language.

ADJ
= colloquial

2. demotic
Demotic is used to describe something or someone that is typical of ordinary people. (FORMAL)

- Maria Fyfe, MP for Glasgow Maryhill, will impart a demotic flavour to the rarefied inner circle of power.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

demur

[D.J.:dɪˈmɜ:]

[K.K.:dɪˈmə..]

vi.

表示异议,反对

n.

反对,异议

without demur

毫无异议地；毫不犹豫地

demur

1. demur demurs demurring demurred
If you demur , you say that you do not agree with something or will not do something that you have been asked to do. (FORMAL)

- Hunt wanted to know, would I be prepared to take over the whole operation and supervise it? At first I demurred.

- The doctor demurred, but Piercey was insistent.

VB

2. demur
If you do something without demur , you do it immediately and without making any protest. (FORMAL)

- When Scobie opened the door and stood aside for her to enter she did so without demur.

PHR: PHR after v

demur

verb

1.

object

balk

dispute

hesitate

protest

refuse

take exception

waver

noun

without demur

2.

objection

compunction

dissent

hesitation

misgiving

protest

qualm

demure

[D.J.:dɪˈmjʊə]

[K.K.:dɪˈmjʊr]

adj.

娴静的,谦恭的;庄重的

(女子)怕羞的,忸怩的

demurely

adv.

demurely

adv.

装成端庄地,认真地

demure

1. demure
If you describe someone, usually a young woman, as demure , you mean they are quiet and rather shy, usually in a way that you like and find appealing, and behave very correctly.

- She's very demure and sweet.

- The luscious Miss Wharton gave me a demure but knowing smile.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= reserved

2. demurely

- She smiled demurely.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. demure
Demure clothes do not reveal your body and they give the impression that you are shy and behave correctly. (WRITTEN)

- ...a demure high-necked white blouse.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. demurely

- She was demurely dressed in a black woollen suit.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed, ADV after v

demure

adjective

shy

diffident

modest

reserved

reticent

retiring

sedate

unassuming

demystify

[D.J.:di:ˈmistifai]

[K.K.:diˈmɪstəˌfaɪ]

vt.

使非神秘化

demystify

demystify demystifies demystifying demystified
If you demystify something, you make it easier to understand by giving a clear explanation of it.

- To enter the consumer market, it was necessary to demystify the computer.

- We urge colleges and universities to demystify the selection process.

VB

den

[D.J.:den]

[K.K.:dɛn]

n.

兽窝, 兽穴

密室, 匪窝

dens

[denz]

n.

牙齿,齿状部分

den *

1. den dens
A den is the home of certain types of wild animals such as lions or foxes.
N-COUNT
= lair

2. den dens
Your den is a quiet room in your house where you can go to study, work, or carry on a hobby without being disturbed. (AM)
N-COUNT

3. den dens
A den is a secret place where people meet, usually for a dishonest purpose.

- I could provide you with the addresses of at least three illegal drinking dens.

- ...the crack dens of urban America.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

4. den dens
If you describe a place as a den of a particular type of bad or illegal behaviour, you mean that a lot of that type of behaviour goes on there.

- ...the one-bedroomed flat that was to become his den of savage debauchery.

- ...a den of greed.

N-COUNT: N of n

den

noun

1.

lair

cave

cavern

haunt

hide-out

hole

shelter

2.

study

cubbyhole

hideaway

retreat

sanctuary

sanctum

denationalization

[D.J.:ˈdi:ˌnæʃnəlaɪˈzeɪʃən]

[K.K.:diˌnæʃənələˈzeʃən]

n.

开除国籍;剥夺公民资格

denationalize

[D.J.:ˌdi:ˈnæʃənəlaiz]

[K.K.:diˈnæʃənəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使(工业等)非国有化

denationalize

1. denationalize denationalizes denationalizing denationalized
To denationalize an industry or business means to transfer it into private ownership so that it is no longer owned and controlled by the state. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- The Korean government started to denationalize the financial institutions in the early 1980s.

- Eventually Sunderland Shipbuilders was denationalised.

VB (BRIT) also denationalise
= privatize ≠ nationalize

2. denationalization

- He made it clear that the party was not against the denationalisation of industry.

N-UNCOUNT
= privatization

denial

[D.J.:diˈnaiəl]

[K.K.:dɪˈnaɪəl]

n.

否认

拒绝, 拒绝给予

denial **

1. denial denials
A denial of something is a statement that it is not true, does not exist, or did not happen.

- It seems clear that despite official denials, differences of opinion lay behind the Ambassador's decision to quit.

- Denial of the Mafia's existence is nothing new.

N-VAR: oft N of n

2. denial
The denial of something to someone is the act of refusing to let them have it. (FORMAL)

- ...the denial of visas to international relief workers...

- This does not justify the denial of constitutional protection.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. denial
In psychology, denial is when a person cannot or will not accept an unpleasant truth.

- With major life traumas, like losing a loved one, for instance, the mind's first reaction is denial.

- I literally didn't know how fat I was. I was in denial about it, I guess.

N-UNCOUNT

denial

noun Chiefly U.S.

1.

negation

contradiction

dissent

renunciation

repudiation

retraction

2.

refusal

prohibition

rebuff

rejection

repulse

veto

denier

[D.J.:diˈnaiə]

[K.K.:dɪˈnaɪɚ]

n.

否认者,法国旧银币,极少量的金额,极微量

denier

denier
Denier is used when indicating the thickness of stockings and tights.

- ...fifteen-denier stockings.

N-UNCOUNT: num N

denigrate

[D.J.:ˈdenɪˌgreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈdɛnɪˌɡret]

vt.

<正>诋毁,诽谤

denigrate *

1. denigrate denigrates denigrating denigrated
If you denigrate someone or something, you criticize them unfairly or insult them.

- The amendment prohibits obscene or indecent materials which denigrate the objects or beliefs of a particular religion.

- The Canadian Supreme Court ruled that the State can ban pornographic images which `denigrate women'.

VB
= degrade

2. denigration

- ...the denigration of minorities in this country.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

denigrate

verb

disparage

bad-mouth slang chiefly U.S. & Canad.

belittle

knock informal

malign

rubbish informal

run down

slander

vilify

denim

[D.J.:ˈdenim]

[K.K.:ˈdɛnɪm]

n.

坚韧的斜纹粗棉布, 牛仔布

denim *

denim
Denim is a thick cotton cloth, usually blue, which is used to make clothes. Jeans are made from denim.

- ...a light blue denim jacket...

- Dennis was dressed in denim jeans.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

denims

denims
Denims are casual trousers made of denim.

- She was dressed in blue denims.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N
= jeans

denizen

[D.J.:ˈdenɪzən]

[K.K.:ˈdɛnɪzən]

n.

居民,住户

denizen

denizen denizens
A denizen of a particular place is a person, animal, or plant that lives or grows in this place. (FORMAL)

- Gannets are denizens of the open ocean.

- ...the denizens of Her Majesty's House of Commons.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

denomination

[D.J.:dɪˌnɔməˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˌnɑməˈneʃən]

n.

宗派, 教派

面额, 单位

<正>名称, 种类名, 名目

denomination *

1. denomination denominations
A particular denomination is a particular religious group which has slightly different beliefs from other groups within the same faith.

- Acceptance of women preachers varies greatly from denomination to denomination.

N-COUNT

2. denomination denominations
The denomination of a banknote or coin is its official value.

- ...a pile of bank notes, mostly in small denominations.

N-COUNT

denomination

noun

1.

religious group

belief

creed

persuasion

school

sect

2.

unit

grade

size

value

denominational

[diˌnɔmiˈneiʃənl]

adj.

受教派控制的, 教派所有的

denominational

denominational
Denominational means relating to or organized by a particular religious denomination.

- The Black church community has sought to bring together Christians from different denominational backgrounds.

- A multi-denominational group of religious leaders led the mourners in prayer.

ADJ: ADJ n

denominator

[D.J.:dɪˈnɔməˌneɪtə]

[K.K.:dɪˈnɑməˌnetɚ]

n.

<术>分母

denominator

denominator denominators
In mathematics, the denominator is the number which appears under the line in a fraction.
N-COUNT
See also common denominator , lowest common denominator .

denote

[D.J.:diˈnəut]

[K.K.:dɪˈnot]

vt.

为…的符号; 为…的名称

指示; 指出

denote *

1. denote denotes denoting denoted
If one thing denotes another, it is a sign or indication of it. (FORMAL)

- Red eyes denote strain and fatigue.

- Yet there had been a message waiting on the blackboard, denoting that someone had been here ahead of her.

VB
= indicate

2. denote denotes denoting denoted
What a symbol denotes is what it represents. (FORMAL)

- In figure 24 `Dt' denotes quantity demanded in the current period and `St' denotes quantity supplied.

VB
= represent

3. denote denotes denoting denoted
What a word or name denotes is what it means or refers to. (FORMAL)

- In the Middle Ages the term `drab' denoted a very simple type of woollen cloth which was used by peasants to make their clothes.

VB

denote

verb

indicate

betoken

designate

express

imply

mark

mean

show

signify

denouement

[D.J.:ˌdeɪnu:ˈmɑ:ŋ]

[K.K.:ˌdenuˈmɑŋ]

n.

(戏剧、小说等的)结局

denouement

denouement denouements
In a book, play, or series of events, the denouement is the sequence of events at the end, when things come to a conclusion.

- The book's sentimental denouement is pure Hollywood.

- ...an unexpected denouement.

N-COUNT: usu sing also d´enouement .

denounce

[D.J.:diˈnauns]

[K.K.:dɪˈnaʊns]

vt.

公开指责

揭发; 告发

通知废止

denounce **

1. denounce denounces denouncing denounced
If you denounce a person or an action, you criticize them severely and publicly because you feel strongly that they are wrong or evil.

- The letter called for trade union freedom and civil rights, but did not openly denounce the regime.

- German leaders all took the opportunity to denounce the attacks and plead for tolerance.

- Some 25,000 demonstrators denounced him as a traitor.

VB

2. denounce denounces denouncing denounced
If you denounce someone who has broken a rule or law, you report them to the authorities.

- They were at the mercy of informers who might at any moment denounce them.

VB

denounce

verb

condemn

accuse

attack

censure

denunciate

revile

stigmatize

vilify

dense

[D.J.:dens]

[K.K.:dɛns]

adj.

密集的, 稠密的, 浓密的

密度大的

愚笨的

densely

[D.J.:ˈdenslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈd ɛnslɪ]

adv.

浓密地,稠密地;密集地

dense **

1. dense denser densest
Something that is dense contains a lot of things or people in a small area.

- Where Bucharest now stands, there once was a large, dense forest.

- Its fur is short, dense and silky.

- They went out on to the pavement, thrusting their way again through the dense crowd.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ sparse thin

2. densely

- Java is a densely populated island.

- The fire struck a densely wooded area of Oakland.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV -ed
≠ sparsely

3. dense denser densest
Dense fog or smoke is difficult to see through because it is very heavy and dark.

- A dense column of smoke rose several miles into the air.

ADJ-GRADED
= thick ≠ thin

4. dense denser densest
In science, a dense substance is very heavy in relation to its volume. (TECHNICAL)

- ...a small dense star.

ADJ-GRADED

5. dense denser densest
If you describe writing or a film as dense , you mean that it is difficult to understand because it contains a lot of information and ideas.

- His prose is vigorous and dense, occasionally to the point of obscurity.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

6. dense denser densest
If you say that someone is dense , you mean that you think they are stupid and that they take a long time to understand simple things. (INFORMAL)

- He's not a bad man, just a bit dense.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= thick

dense

adjective

1.

thick

close-knit

compact

condensed

heavy

impenetrable

opaque

solid

2.

stupid

dozy Brit. informal

dull

obtuse

slow-witted

stolid

thick

density

[D.J.:ˈdensiti]

[K.K.:ˈdɛnsɪti]

n.

密集, 稠密

〈物〉〈化〉密度

density *

1. density densities
Density is the extent to which something is filled or covered with people or things.

- The law which restricts the density of housing in the Balearics was changed recently.

- The region has a very high population density.

- ...areas with high densities of immigrant populations.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N of n

2. density densities
In science, the density of a substance or object is the relation of its mass or weight to its volume.

- Jupiter's moon Io, whose density is 3.5 grams per cubic centimetre, is all rock.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft with poss

density

noun Informal

tightness

bulk

compactness

consistency

denseness

impenetrability

mass

solidity

thickness

dent

[D.J.:dent]

[K.K.:dɛnt]

n.

凹痕, 凹坑

make a dent/hole in sth

减少；削弱

vt.

使产生凹痕

vi.

出现凹痕

denting

穿筘

dents

[ˈdents]

n.

花边边饰

dent *

1. dent dents denting dented
If you dent the surface of something, you make a hollow area in it by hitting or pressing it.

- A great chunk of loose kerbing smashed into my left-front wheel, bursting the tyre and denting the rim.

- Its brass feet dented the carpet's thick pile.

VB

2. dented

- Watch out for bargains, but never buy dented cans.

ADJ-GRADED

3. dent dents
A dent is a hollow in the surface of something which has been caused by hitting or pressing it.

- I was convinced there was a dent in the bonnet which hadn't been there before.

N-COUNT

4. dent dents denting dented
If something dents your ideas or your pride, it makes you realize that your ideas are wrong, or that you are not as good or successful as you thought.

- This has not dented the City's enthusiasm for the company.

- After a while that sort of thing dents your confidence.

VB

5. dent dents
If one thing makes a dent in another, it reduces it by a large amount.

- The commission had barely begun to make a dent in the problem.

- I hated to put any dents in his enthusiasm, but I was trying to be realistic.

N-COUNT: usu N in n

dent

noun

1.

hollow

chip

crater

depression

dimple

dip

impression

indentation

pit

verb

2.

make a dent in

gouge

hollow

press in

push in

dental

[D.J.:ˈdentəl]

[K.K.:ˈdɛntl]

adj.

牙齿的; 牙科的

dental **

dental
Dental is used to describe things that relate to teeth or to the care and treatment of teeth.

- You can get free prescriptions and dental treatment while you are pregnant.

- ...the dental profession.

ADJ: ADJ n

dental floss

dental floss
Dental floss is a type of thread that is used to clean the gaps between your teeth.
N-UNCOUNT
See also floss .

dentist

[D.J.:ˈdentist]

[K.K.:ˈdɛntɪst]

n.

牙科医生

dentist **

1. dentist dentists
A dentist is a person who is qualified to examine and treat people's teeth.

- Visit your dentist twice a year for a check-up.

N-COUNT

2. dentist
The dentist or the dentist's is used to refer to the surgery or clinic where a dentist works.

- It's worse than being at the dentist's.

N-SING: the N

dentistry

[D.J.:ˈdentɪstri:]

[K.K.:ˈdɛntɪstri]

n.

牙医业;牙科医术

dentistry *

dentistry
Dentistry is the work done by a dentist.
N-UNCOUNT

dentures

补齿

dentures

dentures
Dentures are artificial teeth worn by people who no longer have all their own teeth.
N-PLURAL The form denture is used as a modifier
= false teeth

denudation

[ˌdi:nju:ˈdeiʃən]

n.

剥下,裸露,滥伐,剥蚀

denude

[D.J.:dɪˈnu:d, -ˈnju:d]

[K.K.:dɪˈnud, -ˈnjud]

vt.

使赤裸

剥光覆盖物

denudation

n.

denude

1. denude denudes denuding denuded
To denude an area means to destroy the plants in it. (FORMAL)

- Migrants from teeming Brazilian cities were denuding Amazonia to open private farmsteads.

- Many hillsides had been denuded of trees.

VB

2. denude denudes denuding denuded
To denude someone or something of a particular thing means to take it away from them. (FORMAL)

- The Embassy is now denuded of all foreign and local staff.

- In such areas we see villages denuded of young people.

VB
= divest

denunciation

[D.J.:dɪˌnʌnsi:ˈeɪʃən, -ʃi:-]

[K.K.:dɪˌnʌnsiˈeʃən, -ʃi-]

n.

公开的谴责,指责;告发

denunciation *

1. denunciation denunciations
Denunciation of someone or something is severe public criticism of them.

- On September 24, he wrote a stinging denunciation of his critics.

- He has been scathing in his denunciation of corrupt and incompetent politicians.

N-VAR: oft N of n
= condemnation

2. denunciation denunciations
Denunciation is the act of reporting someone who has broken a rule or law to the authorities.

- ...memories of the denunciation of French Jews to the Nazis during the Second World War.

N-VAR

Denver boot

Denver boot Denver boots
A Denver boot is a large metal device which is fitted to the wheel of an illegally parked car or other vehicle in order to prevent it from being driven away. The driver has to pay to have the device removed. (AM; in BRIT use clamp or wheel clamp )
N-COUNT

deny

[D.J.:diˈnai]

[K.K.:dɪˈnaɪ]

vt.

否认知情

拒绝

deny ****

1. deny denies denying denied
When you deny something, you state that it is not true.

- She denied both accusations.

- The government has denied that the authorities have uncovered a plot to assassinate the president.

- They all denied ever having seen her.

VB
= repudiate ≠ admit

2. deny denies denying denied
If you deny someone or something, you say that they have no connection with you or do not belong to you. (FORMAL)

- I denied my father because I wanted to become someone else.

VB
= repudiate

3. deny denies denying denied
If you deny someone something that they need or want, you refuse to let them have it.

- If he is unlucky, he may find that his ex-partner denies him access to his children.

- If you regularly take snacks instead of eating properly, you will deny yourself the important nutrients that your body requires.

- My mother denied herself for us.

VB
= refuse

deny

verb

1.

contradict

disagree with

disprove

rebuff

rebut

refute

2.

refuse

begrudge

disallow

forbid

reject

turn down

withhold

3.

renounce

disclaim

disown

recant

repudiate

retract

deodorant

[D.J.:di:ˈəudərənt]

[K.K.:diˈodərənt]

n.

(尤指去除体臭的)除臭剂

deodorant *

deodorant deodorants
Deodorant is a substance that you can use on your body to hide or prevent the smell of sweat.
N-MASS
= anti-perspirant

deodorize

[D.J.:di:ˈəudəraiz]

[K.K.:diˈodəˌraɪz]

vt.

除…臭,防臭

deodorizing

脱臭;去臭

deodorize

deodorize deodorizes deodorizing deodorized
If you deodorize something, you remove unpleasant smells from it. (FORMAL)

- The machine uses minute quantities of ozone to sterilise and deodorise refrigerated food vehicles.

- ...a deodorising foot spray.

VB (BRIT) also deodorise

depart

[D.J.:diˈpɑ:t]

[K.K.:dɪˈpɑrt]

vi.

离开; 出发; 开出

departed

[D.J.:diˈpɑ:tid]

[K.K.:dɪˈpɑrtɪd]

adj.

死了的,已往的,过去的

depart **

1. depart departs departing departed
When something or someone departs from a place, they leave it and start a journey to another place.

- Our tour departs from Heathrow Airport on 31 March and returns 16 April.

- In the morning Mr McDonald departed for Sydney.

- The coach departs Potsdam in the morning for the drive to Leipzig.

VB

2. depart departs departing departed
If you depart from a traditional, accepted, or agreed way of doing something, you do it in a different or unexpected way.

- Why is it in this country that we have departed from good educational sense?.

- It takes a brave cook to depart radically from the traditional Christmas menu.

VB
= deviate

3. depart departs departing departed
If someone departs from a job, they resign from it or leave it. In American English, you can say that someone departs a job.

- Lipton is planning to depart from the company he founded.

- ...a number of staff departed during his reign as rector of the Royal College of Art...

- He had the good fortune to depart baseball in the '60s at just about that moment when it was becoming tarnished.

VB
= leave

4. depart departs departing departed
When someone departs this life, or departs this earth, they die. (LITERARY)

- He departed this world with a sense of having fulfilled his destiny.

VB

departed

1. departed
Departed friends or relatives are people who have died. (FORMAL)

- Departed friends can no longer be replaced at my age.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. departed
The departed are people who have died.

- We held services for the departed at our church last Thursday.

N-PLURAL: the N
= deceased

depart

verb

1.

leave

absent (oneself)

disappear

exit

go

go away

quit

retire

retreat

withdraw

2.

deviate

differ

digress

diverge

stray

swerve

turn aside

vary

veer

department

[D.J.:diˈpɑ:tmənt]

[K.K.:dɪˈpɑrtmənt]

n.

部, 部门, 系

department *****

1. department departments
A department is one of the sections in an organization such as a government, business, or university. A department is also one of the sections in a large shop.

- ...the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare...

- He moved to the sales department.

- ...the geography department of Moscow University.

- ...the jewelry department.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. department
If you say that a task or area of knowledge is not your department , you mean that you are not responsible for it or do not know much about it.

- `I'm afraid the name means nothing to me,' he said. `That's not my department.'

PHR: V inflects

department

noun

section

branch

bureau

division

office

station

subdivision

unit

departmental

[D.J.:dɪˈpɑ:tməntɵl]

adj.

部门的

departmental *

departmental
Departmental is used to describe the activities, responsibilities, or possessions of a department in a government, company, or other organization.

- The Secretary of State for Education is right to seek a bigger departmental budget.

ADJ: ADJ n

department store **

department store department stores
A department store is a large shop which sells many different kinds of goods.
N-COUNT

departure

[D.J.:diˈpɑ:tʃə]

[K.K.:dɪˈpɑrtʃɚ]

n.

离开, 离去

departure ***

1. departure departures
Departure or a departure is the act of going away from somewhere.

- ...the President's departure for Helsinki...

- They hoped this would lead to the departure of all foreign forces from the country.

- The airline has more than 90 scheduled departures from here every day.

N-VAR: oft with poss
≠ arrival

2. departure departures
The departure of a person from a job, or a member from an organization, is their act of leaving it or being forced to leave it. (FORMAL)

- This would inevitably involve his departure from the post of Prime Minister.

- ...the republic's departure from the Yugoslav federation.

N-VAR: with poss, oft N from n

3. departure departures
If someone does something different or unusual, you can refer to their action as a departure .

- Taylor announced another departure from practice in that England will train at Wembley.

- Now she's written a novel which is not a mystery and is a considerable departure from her previous work.

N-COUNT: oft N from n
= deviation

departure

noun

1.

leaving

exit

exodus

going

going away

leave-taking

removal

retirement

withdrawal

2.

divergence

deviation

digression

variation

3.

shift

change

difference

innovation

novelty

whole new ball game informal

departure lounge

departure lounge departure lounges
In an airport, the departure lounge is the place where passengers wait before they get onto their plane.
N-COUNT

depend

[D.J.:diˈpend]

[K.K.:dɪˈpɛnd]

vi.

依靠, 依赖

信赖, 相信

决定于, 视…而定

depending

依赖

depend ****

1. depend depends depending depended
If you say that one thing depends on another, you mean that the first thing will be affected or determined by the second.

- The cooking time needed depends on the size of the potato.

- What happened later would depend on his talk with De Solina.

- How much it costs depends upon how much you buy.

VB

2. depend depends depending depended
If you depend on someone or something, you need them in order to be able to survive physically, financially, or emotionally.

- They may hate what he does but their survival depends on him.

- He depended on his writing for his income.

- Nora grew accustomed to depending on her husband.

- Choosing the right account depends on working out your likely average balance.

VB
= rely

3. depend depends depending depended
If you can depend on a person, organization, or law, you know that they will support you or help you when you need them.

- `You can depend on me,' Cross assured him.

VB
= rely

4. depend depends depending depended
You use depend in expressions such as it depends to indicate that you cannot give a clear answer to a question because the answer will be affected or determined by other factors.

- `But how long can you stay in the house?' --- `I don't know. It depends.'.

- It all depends on your definition of punk, doesn't it?

VB

5. depend
You use depending on when you are saying that something varies according to the circumstances mentioned.

- I tend to have a different answer, depending on the family.

- People in the rest of the country celebrated independence even later, depending on when the news of Congress's action reached them.

PHR-PREP: PREP n/wh

depend

verb

1.

trust in

bank on

count on

lean on

reckon on

rely upon

turn to

2.

be determined by

be based on

be contingent on

be subject to

be subordinate to

hang on

hinge on

rest on

revolve around

dependable

[D.J.:dɪˈpendəbəl]

[K.K.:dɪˈpɛndəbəl]

adj.

可信赖的,可靠的

dependable *

dependable
If you say that someone or something is dependable , you approve of them because you feel that you can be sure that they will always act consistently or sensibly, or do what you need them to do.

- He was a good friend, a dependable companion.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= reliable

dependable

adjective

reliable

faithful

reputable

responsible

staunch

steady

sure

trustworthy

trusty

unfailing

dependant

[D.J.:dɪˈpendənt]

[K.K.:dɪˈpɛndənt]

n.

受赡养者,受扶养的家属

dependant *

dependant dependants
Your dependants are the people you support financially, such as your children. (FORMAL)

- The British Legion raises funds to help ex-service personnel and their dependants.

N-COUNT also dependent .

dependant

noun

relative

child

minor

prot´eg´e

subordinate

dependence

[D.J.:dɪˈpendəns]

[K.K.:dɪˈpɛndəns]

n.

依赖,依靠

信任,信赖

对药物(尤指毒品)之依赖;毒瘾

dependence *

1. dependence
Your dependence on something or someone is your need for them in order to succeed or be able to survive.

- ...the city's traditional dependence on tourism...

- Do you look forward to old age, or do you dread frailty, loss of memory and dependence on others?

N-UNCOUNT: usu N on n
= reliance ≠ independence

2. dependence
If you talk about drug dependence or alcohol dependence , you are referring to a situation where someone is addicted to drugs or is an alcoholic.

- French doctors tend to regard drug dependence as a form of deep-rooted psychological disorder.

N-UNCOUNT: usu n N
= addiction

3. dependence
You talk about the dependence of one thing on another when the first thing will be affected or determined by the second.

- ...the dependence of circulation on production.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
≠ independence

dependency

[diˈpendənsi]

n.

属国, 附庸国

dependency *

1. dependency dependencies
A dependency is a country which is controlled by another country.

- ...the tiny British dependency of Montserrat in the eastern Caribbean.

N-COUNT

2. dependency
You talk about someone's dependency when they have a deep emotional, physical, or financial need for a particular person or thing, especially one that you consider excessive or undesirable.

- We saw his dependency on his mother and worried that he might not survive long if anything happened to her.

- Ukraine is handicapped by its near-total dependency on Russian oil.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N on n
≠ independence

3. dependency dependencies
If you talk about alcohol dependency or chemical dependency , you are referring to a situation where someone is an alcoholic or is addicted to drugs. (mainly AM)

- In 1985, he began to show signs of alcohol and drug dependency.

- In 1979 she quit her teaching job because her dependency had affected her work.

N-VAR: usu n N
= addiction

dependent

[D.J.:diˈpendənt]

[K.K.:dɪˈpɛndənt]

adj.

依靠的, 依赖的

取决于…的

dependent **

1. dependent
To be dependent on something or someone means to need them in order to succeed or be able to survive.

- The local economy is overwhelmingly dependent on oil and gas extraction.

- Up to two million people there are dependent on food aid.

- Britain became increasingly dependent upon American technology.

- In his own way, he was dependent on her.

- Just 26 per cent of households are married couples with dependent children.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ on/upon n
= reliant ≠ independent

2. dependent
If one thing is dependent on another, the first thing will be affected or determined by the second.

- The results you get from weight training are largely dependent upon how you use those weights and what type of exercise programme you follow.

- ...companies whose earnings are largely dependent on the performance of the Chinese economy.

ADJ: v-link ADJ on/upon n
= contingent ≠ independent

dependent

adjective

1.

relying on

defenceless

helpless

reliant

vulnerable

weak

dependent on or upon

2.

determined by

conditional on

contingent on

depending on

influenced by

subject to

depersonalize

[D.J.:di:ˈpə:sənəˌlaiz]

[K.K.:diˈpɚsənəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使失去个性

depersonalize

1. depersonalize depersonalizes depersonalizing depersonalized
To depersonalize a system or a situation means to treat it as if it did not really involve people, or to treat it as if the people involved were not really important.

- It is true that modern weaponry depersonalised war.

VB (BRIT) also depersonalise

2. depersonalize depersonalizes depersonalizing depersonalized
To depersonalize someone means to treat them as if they do not matter because their individual feelings and thoughts are not important.

- She does not feel that the book depersonalises women.

VB (BRIT) also depersonalise

depict

[D.J.:diˈpikt]

[K.K.:dɪˈpɪkt]

vt.

描绘; 描画

描述

depict **

1. depict depicts depicting depicted
To depict someone or something means to show or represent them in a work of art such as a drawing or painting.

- ...a gallery of pictures depicting Nelson's most famous battles.

VB

2. depict depicts depicting depicted
To depict someone or something means to describe them or give an impression of them in writing.

- Margaret Atwood's novel depicts a gloomy, futuristic America.

- Children's books often depict farmyard animals as gentle, lovable creatures.

VB
= portray

depict

verb

1.

draw

delineate

illustrate

outline

paint

picture

portray

sketch

2.

describe

characterize

narrate

outline

represent

depiction

[D.J.:dɪˈpɪkʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈpɪkʃən]

n.

描写;叙述

depiction *

depiction depictions
A depiction of something is a picture or a written description of it.

- The lecture will trace the depiction of horses from earliest times to the present day.

- ...the depiction of socialists as Utopian dreamers.

N-VAR
= portrayal

depiction

noun

representation

delineation

description

picture

portrayal

sketch

depilatory

[D.J.:diˈpilətəri]

[K.K.:dɪˈpɪləˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

脱毛的,有脱毛作用的

n.

脱毛药

depilatory

1. depilatory
Depilatory substances and processes remove unwanted hair from your body.

- ...a depilatory cream.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. depilatory depilatories
A depilatory is a depilatory substance.
N-COUNT

deplete

[D.J.:diˈpli:t]

[K.K.:dɪˈplit]

vt.

〈正〉使大大的减少; 使空虚

depleted

废弃的

depletion

[D.J.:dɪˈpli:ʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈpliʃən]

n.

消耗;用尽

deplete **

1. deplete depletes depleting depleted
To deplete a stock or amount of something means to reduce it. (FORMAL)

- ...substances that deplete the ozone layer...

- They fired in long bursts, which depleted their ammunition.

- Most native mammal species have been severely depleted.

VB

2. depleted

- ...Robert E. Lee's worn and depleted army.

ADJ-GRADED

3. depletion

- ...the problem of ozone depletion.

- ...the depletion of underground water supplies.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

deplete

verb

use up

consume

drain

empty

exhaust

expend

impoverish

lessen

reduce

deplorable

[D.J.:dɪˈplɔ:rəbəl, -ˈpləʊr-]

[K.K.:dɪˈplɔrəbəl, -ˈplor-]

adj.

糟透的;可叹的;可悲的

deplorably

[D.J.:dɪˈpl ɔ:rəblɪ]

[K.K.:dɪˈpl ɔrəblɪ]

adv.

可叹地;悲惨地

deplorable *

1. deplorable
If you say that something is deplorable , you think that it is very bad and unacceptable. (FORMAL)

- Many of them live under deplorable conditions.

- The Chief Constable said that sexual harassment was deplorable.

ADJ-GRADED

2. deplorably

- The spokesman said American reporters travelling with the President behaved deplorably.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj

deplorable

adjective

1.

regrettable

grievous

lamentable

pitiable

sad

unfortunate

wretched

2.

disgraceful

dishonourable

reprehensible

scandalous

shameful

deplore

[D.J.:diˈplɔ:]

[K.K.:dɪˈplɔr, -ˈplor]

vt.

悲叹, 痛惜; 强烈反对

deplore *

deplore deplores deploring deplored
If you say that you deplore something, you think it is very wrong or immoral. (FORMAL)

- He's a judo black belt but he says he deplores violence.

- He deplored the fact that the Foreign Secretary was driven into resignation.

- I deplore what has happened.

VB

deplore

verb

disapprove of

abhor

censure

condemn

denounce

object to

take a dim view of

deploy

[D.J.:diˈplɔi]

[K.K.:dɪˈplɔɪ]

vt.

(尤指军事行动)使展开; 施展; 部署

deploy **

deploy deploys deploying deployed
To deploy troops or military resources means to organize or position them so that they are ready to be used.

- The president said he had no intention of deploying ground troops.

- ...the US-made Patriot anti-missile system which was deployed in the Gulf war.

VB

deploy

verb

position

arrange

set out

station

use

utilize

deployment

[D.J.:dɪˈpl ɔɪmənt]

[K.K.:dɪˈpl ɔɪmənt]

n.

部署;调度

deployment **

deployment deployments
The deployment of troops, resources, or equipment is the organization and positioning of them so that they are ready for quick action.

- ...the deployment of troops into townships.

N-VAR: oft N of n

deployment

noun

position

arrangement

organization

spread

stationing

use

utilization

depopulate

[D.J.:di:ˈpɔpjuleit]

[K.K.:diˈpɑpjəˌlet]

v.

(使)人口减少

depopulation

n.

灭绝,减少居民

depopulate

1. depopulate depopulates depopulating depopulated
To depopulate an area means to greatly reduce the number of people living there.

- The famine endured for generations, threatening at times to depopulate the continent.

VB

2. depopulated

- ...a small, rural, and depopulated part of the south-west.

ADJ-GRADED

3. depopulation

- Falling church attendances have been made more acute by rural depopulation.

N-UNCOUNT

deport

[D.J.:diˈpɔ:t]

[K.K.:dɪˈpɔrt, -ˈport]

vt.

将…驱逐出境

deportation

[D.J.:ˌdi:pɔ:ˈteɪʃən, -pəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˌdipɔrˈteʃən, -por-]

n.

驱逐出境;放逐

deport **

1. deport deports deporting deported
If a government deports someone, usually someone who is not a citizen of that country, it sends them out of the country because they have committed a crime or because it believes they do not have the right to be there.

- ...a government decision earlier this month to deport all illegal immigrants...

- More than 240 England football fans are being deported from Italy following riots last night.

VB
= expel

2. deportation deportations

- ...thousands of Albanian migrants facing deportation...

- Civil rights lawyers tried to halt the deportations.

N-VAR

deport

verb

1.

expel

banish

exile

expatriate

extradite

oust

deport oneself

2.

behave

acquit oneself

act

bear oneself

carry oneself

comport oneself

conduct oneself

hold oneself

deportee

[D.J.:di:pɔ:ˈti:]

[K.K.:ˌdipɔrˈti, -por-]

n.

被放逐者,被判充军的人

deportee

deportee deportees
A deportee is someone who is being deported.
N-COUNT

deportment

[D.J.:dɪˈpɔ:tmənt]

n.

<正>举止;风度;仪态

deportment

deportment
Your deportment is the way you behave, especially the way you walk and move. (FORMAL)

- Deportment and poise were as important as good marks for young ladies.

N-UNCOUNT
= manner

depose

[D.J.:dɪˈpəʊz]

[K.K.:dɪˈpoz]

vt.

罢免

<律>(在法庭上)宣誓作证

depose *

depose deposes deposing deposed
If a ruler or political leader is deposed , they are forced to give up their position.

- Mr Ben Bella was deposed in a coup in 1965.

- Ferdinand Marcos fled to Hawaii in 1986 after being deposed as president of the Philippines.

- ...Nicolae Ceausescu, Romania's deposed Communist dictator.

VB: usu passive
= oust

depose

verb

1.

remove from office

demote

dethrone

dismiss

displace

oust

2.

testify

avouch

declare

make a deposition

deposit

[D.J.:diˈpɔzit]

[K.K.:dɪˈpɑzɪt]

vt.

放置; 放下

存放; 交与…保管

付订金

n.

矿床, 矿藏; 沉淀物

储蓄, 存款

订金; 押金, 保证金

depositing

[diˈpɔzitiŋ]

n.

沉降,沉积,沉淀

deposit ***

1. deposit deposits
A deposit is a sum of money which is part of the full price of something, and which you pay when you agree to buy it.

- A £50 deposit is required when ordering, and the balance is due upon delivery.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= down payment

2. deposit deposits
A deposit is a sum of money which you pay when you start renting something. The money is returned to you if you do not damage what you have rented.

- It is common to ask for the equivalent of a month's rent as a deposit.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. deposit deposits
A deposit is a sum of money which is in a bank account or savings account, especially a sum which will be left there for some time.
N-COUNT

4. deposit deposits
A deposit is a sum of money which you have to pay if you want to be a candidate in a parliamentary or European election. The money is returned to you if you receive more than a certain percentage of the votes. (BRIT)

- The Tory candidate lost his deposit.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

5. deposit deposits
A deposit is an amount of a substance that has been left somewhere as a result of a chemical or geological process.

- After 10 minutes the surplus material is washed away and any remaining deposit examined with ultra violet light.

- ...underground deposits of gold and diamonds.

- ...mineral deposits.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

6. deposit deposits depositing deposited
To deposit someone or something somewhere means to put them or leave them there.

- Just before the explosion someone was seen running from the scene after apparently depositing the packet.

- Fritz was on his way out, having just deposited a glass and two bottles of beer in front of Wolfe.

- Imagine if you were suddenly swept up and deposited in Morocco. How well could you cope with the language, the weather, the people, and so on?

VB
= plant drop

7. deposit deposits depositing deposited
If you deposit something somewhere, you put it where it will be safe until it is needed again.

- You are advised to deposit valuables in the hotel safe.

VB

8. deposit deposits depositing deposited
If you deposit a sum of money, you pay it into a bank account or savings account.

- The drawbacks here are that the customer has to deposit a minimum of £100 monthly.

VB
= pay in ≠ withdraw

9. deposit deposits depositing deposited
If a substance is deposited somewhere, it is left there as a result of a chemical or geological process.

- The phosphate was deposited by the decay of marine microorganisms.

VB: usu passive

deposit

verb Law

1.

put

drop

lay

locate

place

2.

store

bank

consign

entrust

lodge

noun

3.

down payment

instalment

part payment

pledge

retainer

security

stake

4.

sediment

accumulation

dregs

lees

precipitate

silt

deposit account

deposit account deposit accounts
A deposit account is a type of bank account where the money in it earns interest. (BRIT; in AM use savings account )
N-COUNT

deposition

[D.J.:ˌdepəˈzɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən]

n.

罢免

<律>(在法庭上的)宣誓作证;证词,证言

deposition *

1. deposition depositions
A deposition is a formal written statement, made for example by a witness to a crime, which can be used in a court of law if the witness cannot be present.

- The material would be checked against the depositions from other witnesses.

N-COUNT

2. deposition
Deposition is a process in which layers of a substance are formed inside something or on its surface over a period of time.

- Continued deposition of silt along the coast is crucial in counteracting the rise in sea level.

- This leads to calcium deposition in the blood-vessels.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
≠ erosion

3. deposition
The deposition of a political leader is the removal of him or her from office.

- It was this issue which led to the deposition of the king.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

depositor

[diˈpɔzitə]

n.

(银行的)储户

depositor *

depositor depositors
A bank's depositors are the people who have accounts with that bank.
N-COUNT

depository

[D.J.:diˈpɔzitəri]

[K.K.:dɪˈpɑzɪˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

n.

存放处

depository

depository depositories
A depository is a place where objects can be stored safely.

- They have 2,500 tons of paper stored in their depository.

N-COUNT

depot

[D.J.:ˈdepəu]

[K.K.:ˈdipo, ˈdɛpo]

n.

仓库, 库房

军需库, 补给站; 新兵训练站

〈美〉火车站, 公共汽车站

depot *

1. depot depots
A depot is a place where large amounts of raw materials, equipment, arms, or other supplies are kept until they are needed.

- ...food depots.

- ...a government arms depot.

N-COUNT
= warehouse

2. depot depots
A depot is a large building or open area where buses or railway engines are kept when they are not being used. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

3. depot depots
A depot is a bus station or railway station. (AM)

- She was reunited with her boyfriend in the bus depot of Ozark, Alabama.

N-COUNT

depot

noun

1.

storehouse

depository

repository

warehouse

2.

bus station

garage

terminus

deprave

[D.J.:diˈpreiv]

[K.K.:dɪˈprev]

v.

堕落

depraved

[D.J.:diˈpreivd]

[K.K.:dɪˈprevd]

adj.

堕落的,颓废的,邪恶的

deprave

deprave depraves depraving depraved
Something that depraves someone makes them morally bad or evil. (FORMAL)

- It is a crime to publish or show material likely to deprave or corrupt those who see, hear or read it.

VB
= corrupt

depraved

depraved
Depraved actions, things, or people are morally bad or evil.

- It has been condemned as the most disturbing and depraved film of its kind.

- She described it as the work of depraved and evil criminals.

ADJ-GRADED
= immoral degenerate

depraved

adjective Chiefly U.S. & Canad.

corrupt

degenerate

dissolute

evil

immoral

sinful

vicious

vile

wicked

depravity

[D.J.:dɪˈprævɪti:]

[K.K.:dɪˈprævɪti]

n.

堕落,腐败

恶行,堕落腐化的行为

depravity

depravity
Depravity is very dishonest or immoral behaviour. (FORMAL)

- I have seen the absolute depravity that can exist in times of war.

- ...the righteous struggle between decency and depravity.

N-UNCOUNT
= immorality

depravity

noun

corruption

debauchery

evil

immorality

sinfulness

vice

wickedness

deprecate

[D.J.:ˈdeprikeit]

[K.K.:ˈdɛprɪˌket]

vt.

不赞成, 反对

deprecatingly

adv.

不赞成地,恳求地

deprecate

deprecate deprecates deprecating deprecated
If you deprecate something, you criticize it. (FORMAL)

- As time went on he also deprecated the low quality of entrants to the profession.

- As a lawyer, I would deprecate any sort of legal control on gene therapy at this stage.

VB

deprecating

1. deprecating
A deprecating attitude, gesture, or remark shows that you think that something is not very good, especially something associated with yourself. (WRITTEN)

- Erica responded by making a little deprecating shrug.

ADJ-GRADED

2. deprecatingly

- He speaks deprecatingly of his father as a lonely man.

ADV: ADV after v

depreciate

[D.J.:dɪˈpri:ʃi:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:dɪˈpriʃiˌet]

vi.

贬值, 跌价;减价

vt.

<正>贬低, 蔑视, 轻视

depreciation

[D.J.:dɪˌpri:ʃi:ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˌpriʃiˈeʃən]

n.

(资产等)折旧

货币贬值

跌价, 减值

贬低;轻视, 小看

蹂躏

depreciate *

1. depreciate depreciates depreciating depreciated
If something such as a currency depreciates or if something depreciates it, it loses some of its original value.

- Inflation is rising rapidly; the yuan is depreciating.

- The demand for foreign currency depreciates the real value of local currencies.

- In the five years to September 1986, inflation dropped from 16% to 3% while the pound depreciated by a quarter.

- We think lower German interest rates in due course will allow European currencies to depreciate against the dollar bloc.

V-ERG

2. depreciation depreciations

- ...miscellaneous costs, including machinery depreciation and wages...

- A depreciation of a currency's value makes imports more expensive and exports cheaper.

N-VAR

depreciate

verb

1.

devalue

decrease

deflate

lessen

lose value

lower

reduce

2.

disparage

belittle

denigrate

deride

detract

run down

scorn

sneer at

depreciation

noun

1.

devaluation

deflation

depression

drop

fall

slump

2.

disparagement

belittlement

denigration

deprecation

detraction

depredation

[D.J.:ˌdeprɪˈdeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛprɪˈdeʃən]

n.

劫掠,毁坏

depredation

depredation depredations
The depredations of a person, animal, or force are their harmful actions, which usually involve taking or damaging something. (FORMAL)

- Crops can be all too easily decimated by unchecked depredations by deer.

- Much of the region's environmental depredation is a result of poor planning.

N-VAR: usu with supp

depress

[D.J.:diˈpres]

[K.K.:dɪˈprɛs]

vt.

压下; 推下; 拉下

使愁苦; 使沮丧

使跌价; 使萧条

depressed

[D.J.:dɪˈprest]

[K.K.:dɪˈprɛst]

adj.

精神不振的,忧伤的,消沉的

患抑郁症的

经济萧条的,不景气的

(中间部分)凹下的

depressing

[D.J.:dɪˈpresɪŋ]

[K.K.:dɪˈprɛsɪŋ]

adj.

令人忧愁的,使人沮丧的

depressingly

adv.

令人忧愁地,使人沮丧地

depressingness

n.

压抑,郁闷

depressingly

adv.

抑压地,郁闷地

depress *

1. depress depresses depressing depressed
If someone or something depresses you, they make you feel sad and disappointed.

- I must admit the state of the country depresses me .

- I know he is too optimistic but I don't want to depress him.

VB

2. depress depresses depressing depressed
If something depresses prices, wages, or figures, it causes them to become less.

- The stronger U.S. dollar depressed sales.

VB

depressed **

1. depressed
If you are depressed , you are sad and feel that you cannot enjoy anything, because your situation is so difficult and unpleasant.

- He seemed somewhat depressed.

- She's been very depressed and upset about this whole situation.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= despondent

2. depressed
A depressed place or industry does not have enough business or employment to be successful.

- Many states already have Enterprise Zones and legislation that encourage investment in depressed areas.

- The construction industry is no longer as depressed as it was.

ADJ-GRADED
= run-down ≠ thriving

3. depressed
A depressed point on a surface is lower than the parts around it.

- Acupressure is manual pressure applied to a specific slightly depressed point on the body.

ADJ-GRADED

depressing **

1. depressing
Something that is depressing makes you feel sad and disappointed.

- Yesterday's unemployment figures were as depressing as those of the previous 22 months.

- I'm rather keen to go on holiday in February because I think it's a very dismal, depressing month.

ADJ-GRADED

2. depressingly

- It all sounded depressingly familiar to Janet.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

depress

verb

1.

sadden

deject

discourage

dishearten

dispirit

make despondent

oppress

weigh down

2.

lower

cheapen

depreciate

devalue

diminish

downgrade

lessen

reduce

3.

press down

flatten

level

lower

push down

depressed

adjective

1.

low-spirited

blue

dejected

despondent

discouraged

dispirited

downcast

downhearted

fed up

sad

unhappy

2.

poverty-stricken

deprived

disadvantaged

needy

poor

run-down

3.

lowered

cheapened

depreciated

devalued

weakened

4.

sunken

concave

hollow

indented

recessed

depressing

adjective

bleak

discouraging

disheartening

dismal

dispiriting

gloomy

harrowing

sad

saddening

depression

[D.J.:diˈpreʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈprɛʃən]

n.

忧伤, 消沉, 沮丧

经济大萧条, 不景气时期

凹陷, 洼地

低气压(地区)

depression ***

1. depression depressions
Depression is a mental state in which you are sad and feel that you cannot enjoy anything, because your situation is so difficult and unpleasant.

- Mr Thomas was suffering from depression.

- I slid into a depression and became morbidly fascinated with death.

N-VAR
= despondency ≠ happiness

2. depression depressions
A depression is a time when there is very little economic activity, which causes a lot of unemployment and poverty.

- He never forgot the hardships he witnessed during the Great Depression of the 1930s.

N-COUNT
= slump

3. depression depressions
A depression in a surface is an area which is lower than the parts surrounding it.

- ...an area pockmarked by rainfilled depressions.

N-COUNT
= hollow ≠ mound

4. depression depressions
A depression is a mass of air that has a low pressure and that often causes rain.
N-COUNT

depression

noun

1.

low spirits

dejection

despair

despondency

downheartedness

dumps informal

gloominess

melancholy

sadness

the blues

2.

recession

economic decline

hard or bad times

inactivity

slump

stagnation

3.

hollow

bowl

cavity

dent

dimple

dip

indentation

pit

valley

depressive

[D.J.:diˈpresiv]

[K.K.:dɪˈprɛsɪv]

adj.

郁闷的

depressive

1. depressive
Depressive means relating to depression or to being depressed.

- He's no longer a depressive character.

- ...a severe depressive disorder.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. depressive depressives
A depressive is someone who suffers from depression.
N-COUNT
See also manic-depressive .

deprivation

[D.J.:ˌdeprəˈveɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛprəˈveʃən]

n.

剥夺;被夺去,丧失

缺乏,损失

deprivation *

deprivation deprivations
If you suffer deprivation , you do not have or are prevented from having something that you want or need.

- ...long-term patients who face a life of deprivation...

- Millions more suffer from serious sleep deprivation caused by long work hours.

- ...the effects of social deprivations on families.

N-VAR: oft supp N

deprivation

noun

1.

withholding

denial

dispossession

expropriation

removal

withdrawal

2.

want

destitution

distress

hardship

need

privation

deprive

[D.J.:diˈpraiv]

[K.K.:dɪˈpraɪv]

vt.

剥夺, 夺去, 使丧失

deprived

[D.J.:dɪˈpraɪvd]

[K.K.:dɪˈpraɪvd]

adj.

贫困的

deprive **

deprive deprives depriving deprived
If you deprive someone of something that they want or need, you take it away from them, or you prevent them from having it.

- The disintegration of the Soviet Union deprived western intelligence agencies of their main enemies.

- They've been deprived of the fuel necessary to heat their homes.

VB

deprived *

deprived
Deprived people or people from deprived areas do not have the things that people consider to be essential in life, for example acceptable living conditions or education.

- ...probably the most severely deprived children in the country.

- ...the problems associated with life in a deprived inner city area.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= underprivileged

deprive

verb

withhold

bereave

despoil

dispossess

rob

strip

deprived

adjective

poor

bereft

destitute

disadvantaged

down at heel

in need

lacking

needy

dept.

department 部门

deputy 议员

dept *

dept
Dept is used as a written abbreviation for department , usually in the name of a particular department.

- ...the Internal Affairs Dept.

(AM) dept.

depth

[D.J.:depθ]

[K.K.:dɛpθ]

n.

深, 深度, 纵深

深厚, 深切, 深刻

深处, 深渊

depth ***

1. depth depths
The depth of something such as a river or hole is the distance downwards from its top surface, or between its upper and lower surfaces.

- The smaller lake ranges from five to fourteen feet in depth.

- The depth of the shaft is 520 yards.

- Pour the vegetable oil into a frying pan to a depth of about 1cm.

- They were detected at depths of more than a kilometre in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and North Sea.

N-VAR: oft amount in N, with poss, N of amount

2. depth depths
The depth of something such as a cupboard or drawer is the distance between its front surface and its back.
N-VAR: oft amount in N, with poss, N of amount

3. depth depths
If an emotion is very strongly or intensely felt, you can talk about its depth .

- I am well aware of the depth of feeling that exists in Londonderry.

- `Tough, isn't it?' was all she said, but Amy felt the depth of her unspoken sympathy.

N-VAR: usu N of n
= strength

4. depth
The depth of a situation is its extent and seriousness.

- The country's leadership had underestimated the depth of the crisis.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n
= severity

5. depth
The depth of someone's knowledge is the great amount that they know.

- We felt at home with her and were impressed with the depth of her knowledge.

- It makes invaluable reading for anyone who wants to acquire a greater depth of understanding of the subject.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

6. depth
The depth of a colour is its intensity and strength.

- White wines tend to gain depth of colour with age.

- The blue base gives the red paint more depth.

N-UNCOUNT
= intensity

7. depth
In photography and art, you say that a picture has depth or depth of field when you mean that it appears three-dimensional rather than flat. (TECHNICAL)

- All the paintings are startlingly dramatic as a result of their depth of field and colour.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

8. depth
If you say that someone or something has depth , you mean that they have serious and interesting qualities which are not immediately obvious and which you have to think about carefully before you can fully understand them.

- His music lacks depth.

- There are hidden depths in all of us.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

9. depth depths
The depths are places that are a long way below the surface of the sea or earth. (LITERARY)

- Leaves, brown with long immersion, rose to the surface and vanished back into the depths.

N-PLURAL: the N

10. depth depths
If you talk about the depths of an area, you mean the parts of it which are very far from the edge.

- ...the depths of the countryside...

- Somewhere in the depths of the pine forest an identical sound reverberated.

N-PLURAL: the N of n

11. depth depths
If you are in the depths of an unpleasant emotion, you feel that emotion very strongly.

- I was in the depths of despair when the baby was terribly sick every day, and was losing weight.

N-PLURAL: the N of n

12. depth depths
If something happens in the depths of a difficult or unpleasant period of time, it happens in the middle and most severe or intense part of it.

- The country is in the depths of a recession.

- ...the depths of winter.

N-PLURAL: the N of n

13. depth
If you deal with a subject in depth , you deal with it very thoroughly and consider all the aspects of it.

- We will discuss these three areas in depth.

- Their achievements have already been analysed in depth and do not require further discussion.

PHR: PHR after v
= in detail thoroughly

14. depth
If you say that someone is out of their depth , you mean that they are in a situation that is much too difficult for them to be able to cope with it.

- Mr Gibson is clearly intellectually out of his depth.

- I'd always struggled at school. I hated it and felt out of my depth.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

15. depth
If you are out of your depth , you are in water that is deeper than you are tall, with the result that you cannot stand up with your head above water.
PHR: v-link PHR

depth

noun

1.

deepness

drop

extent

measure

2.

insight

astuteness

discernment

penetration

profoundness

profundity

sagacity

wisdom

depth charge

depth charge depth charges
A depth charge is a type of bomb which explodes under water and which is used especially to destroy enemy submarines.
N-COUNT

deputation

[D.J.:ˌdepjəˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛpjəˈteʃən]

n.

代表团

deputation

deputation deputations
A deputation is a small group of people who have been asked to speak to someone on behalf of a larger group of people, especially in order to make a complaint.

- A deputation of elders from the village arrived headed by its chief.

N-COUNT
= delegation

deputation

noun

delegation

commission

embassy

envoys

legation

depute

[D.J.:dɪˈpju:t]

[K.K.:dɪˈpjut]

vt.

将(工作、职权等)交给某人

给予(某人)代表行事或发言之权

depute

depute deputes deputing deputed
If you are deputed to do something, someone tells or allows you to do it on their behalf. (FORMAL)

- A sub-committee was deputed to investigate the claims.

VB: usu passive

deputize

[D.J.:ˈdepjəˌtaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈdɛpjəˌtaɪz]

vi.

担任代表

deputize

deputize deputizes deputizing deputized
If you deputize for someone, you do something on their behalf, for example attend a meeting.

- It was some time before I became skilful enough to deputise for him in the kitchen.

- Herr Schulmann apologizes that he cannot be here to welcome you and he has asked me to deputize.

VB (BRIT) also deputise

deputize

verb

stand in for

act for

take the place of

understudy

deputy

[D.J.:ˈdepjuti]

[K.K.:ˈdɛpjəti]

n.

副手, 代理人

deputy ****

1. deputy deputies
A deputy is the second most important person in an organization such as a business or government department. Someone's deputy often acts on their behalf when they are not there.

- ...Jack Lang, France's minister for culture, and his deputy, Catherine Tasca.

- ...the academy's deputy director, Vladimir Kudryatsev.

N-COUNT: oft N n

2. deputy deputies
In some parliaments or law-making bodies, the elected members are called deputies .

- The president appealed to deputies to approve the plan quickly.

N-COUNT

deputy

noun

substitute

delegate

legate

lieutenant

number two

proxy

representative

second-in-command

surrogate

derail

[D.J.:di:ˈreɪl]

[K.K.:diˈrel]

vt. & vi.

出轨

derailing

出轨

derail *

1. derail derails derailing derailed
To derail something such as a plan or a series of negotiations means to prevent it from continuing as planned. (JOURNALISM)

- The present wave of political killings is the work of people trying to derail peace talks.

- ...a fear that any reform could be derailed by hard-line Communists.

VB
= prevent

2. derail derails derailing derailed
If a train is derailed or if it derails , it comes off the track on which it is running.

- At least six people were killed and about twenty injured when a train was derailed in an isolated mountain region.

- No-one knows why the train derailed.

V-ERG

derailment

n.

出轨

derailment

derailment derailments
A derailment is an accident in which a train comes off the track on which it is running.
N-VAR

deranged

[D.J.:diˈreindʒd]

adj.

疯狂的, 神经错乱的

混乱的

deranged *

deranged
Someone who is deranged behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way, often as a result of mental illness.

- Three years ago today a deranged man shot and killed 14 people in the main square.

ADJ-GRADED
= demented unhinged

deranged

adjective

mad

crazed

crazy

demented

distracted

insane

irrational

unbalanced

unhinged

derangement

[D.J.:dɪˈreɪnd ʒmənt]

[K.K.:dɪˈrend ʒmənt]

n.

精神错乱;扰乱

derangement

derangement
Derangement is the state of being mentally ill and unable to think or act in a controlled way. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...serious evidence of mental derangement.

N-UNCOUNT

derby

[D.J.:ˈdɜ:bi:]

[K.K.:ˈdə..bi]

n.

比赛

圆顶礼帽

derby *

1. derby
The Derby is the name of a race for three-year-old horses that takes place each year. In Britain, it refers to a race that takes place in Epsom. In the United States, it refers particularly to the Kentucky Derby.
N-PROPER: the N

2. derby derbies
A derby is a sporting event involving teams from the same area or city. (BRIT)

- ...a North London derby between Arsenal and Tottenham.

N-COUNT

3. derby derbies
A derby is a sports competition or race where there are no restrictions or limits on who can enter. (AM)

- He caught a 6.28-pound salmon in the annual fishing derby at Lake Winnipesaukee.

N-COUNT: oft n N

4. derby derbies
A derby is a round, hard hat with a narrow brim which is worn by men. Derbies are no longer very common. (AM; in BRIT usually use bowler hat )
N-COUNT

deregulate

[D.J.:diˈreɡjuˌleit]

[K.K.:diˈrɛɡjəˌlet]

vt.

撤销对…的管制和限制

deregulate *

deregulate deregulates deregulating deregulated
To deregulate something means to remove controls and regulations from it.

- ...the need to deregulate the US airline industry...

- Once wholesale prices are deregulated, consumer prices will also rise.

VB

deregulation

[di:ˌreɡjuˈleiʃən]

n.

违反规定,反常

deregulation *

deregulation
Deregulation is the removal of controls and restrictions in a particular area of business or trade.

- Since deregulation, banks are permitted to set their own interest rates.

N-UNCOUNT

derelict

[D.J.:ˈderəˌlɪkt]

[K.K.:ˈdɛrəˌlɪkt]

adj.

被抛弃的, 废弃的

n.

无家可归的人

被抛弃物

derelict *

1. derelict
A place or building that is derelict is empty and in a bad state of repair because it has not been used or lived in for a long time.

- Her body was found dumped in a derelict warehouse less than a mile from her home.

ADJ-GRADED

2. derelict derelicts
A derelict is a person who has no home or job and who has to live on the streets. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= vagrant

derelict

adjective

1.

abandoned

deserted

dilapidated

discarded

forsaken

neglected

ruined

noun

2.

tramp

bag lady

down-and-out

outcast

vagrant

dereliction

[D.J.:deriˈlikʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛrəˈlɪkʃən]

n.

无主,抛弃物

dereliction

dereliction
If a building or a piece of land is in a state of dereliction , it is deserted or abandoned.

- The previous owners had rescued the building from dereliction.

N-UNCOUNT

dereliction of duty

dereliction of duty
Dereliction of duty is deliberate or accidental failure to do what you should do as part of your job. (FORMAL)

- Sergeant Slater pleaded guilty to wilful dereliction of duty and lying in a sworn statement.

N-UNCOUNT
= negligence

deride

[D.J.:dɪˈraɪd]

[K.K.:dɪˈraɪd]

vt.

取笑;嘲笑

deride *

deride derides deriding derided
If you deride someone or something, you say that they are stupid or have no value. (FORMAL)

- Opposition MPs derided the Government's response to the crisis.

- This theory is widely derided by conventional scientists.

VB
= ridicule

deride

verb

mock

disdain

disparage

insult

jeer

ridicule

scoff

scorn

sneer

taunt

de rigueur

de rigueur
If you say that a possession or habit is de rigueur , you mean that it is fashionable and therefore necessary for anyone who wants to avoid being considered unfashionable.

- T-shirts now seem almost de rigueur in the West End.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

derision

[D.J.:dɪˈrɪʒən]

[K.K.:dɪˈrɪʒən]

n.

嘲笑,嘲弄

derision

derision
If you treat someone or something with derision , you express contempt for them.

- He tried to calm them, but was greeted with shouts of derision.

N-UNCOUNT
= disdain

derisive

[D.J.:dɪˈraɪsɪv, -zɪv, -ˈrɪsɪv, -ˈrɪz-]

[K.K.:dɪˈraɪsɪv, -zɪv, -ˈrɪsɪv, -ˈrɪz-]

adj.

嘲笑的,嘲弄的

derisively

adv.

嘲笑地,嘲弄地

derisiveness

n.

嘲笑,嘲弄

derisively

adv.

嘲笑地,嘲弄地

derisive

1. derisive
A derisive noise, expression, or remark expresses contempt.

- There was a short, derisive laugh.

ADJ-GRADED
= contemptuous

2. derisively

- Phil's tormentor snorted derisively.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

derisory

[diˈraisəri]

adj.

嘲笑的,嘲弄的

derisory

1. derisory
If you describe something such as an amount of money as derisory , you are emphasizing that it is so small or inadequate that it seems silly or not worth considering.

- She was being paid what I considered a derisory amount of money.

- Were the contracts that were offered to the players as derisory as we have been led to believe?

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. derisory
Derisory means the same as derisive .

- ...derisory remarks about the police.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

derisory

adjective

ridiculous

contemptible

insulting

laughable

ludicrous

outrageous

preposterous

derivation

[D.J.:ˌderəˈveɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛrəˈveʃən]

n.

发展;起源;派生

词源

derivation

derivation derivations
The derivation of something, especially a word, is its origin or source.

- The derivation of its name is obscure.

- The word is of old French derivation.

N-VAR: oft N of n, of adj N

derivation

noun

origin

beginning

foundation

root

source

derivative

[D.J.:diˈrivətiv]

[K.K.:dɪˈrɪvətɪv]

n.

派生物, 引出物

adj.

模仿他人的; 衍生的; 派生的

derivative *

1. derivative derivatives
A derivative is something which has been developed or obtained from something else.

- ...a poppy-seed derivative similar to heroin...

- This isn't an entirely new car, but a new derivative of the Citroen XM.

N-COUNT

2. derivative
If you say that something is derivative , you are criticizing it because it is not new or original but has been developed from something else.

- ...their dull, derivative debut album...

- A lot of what you see in stand-up comedy today is very derivative.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

derive

[D.J.:diˈraiv]

[K.K.:dɪˈraɪv]

vt. & vi.

得到

源于

derive **

1. derive derives deriving derived
If you derive something such as pleasure or benefit from a person or from something, you get it from them. (FORMAL)

- Mr Ying is one of those happy people who derive pleasure from helping others.

VB

2. derive derives deriving derived
If you say that something such as a word or feeling derives or is derived from something else, you mean that it comes from that thing.

- The name Anastasia is derived from a Greek word meaning `of the resurrection'.

- ...defensive behaviour patterns which derive from our subconscious fears.

V-ERG
= stem from

dermatitis

[D.J.:ˌdə:məˈtaitis]

[K.K.:ˌdɚməˈtaɪtɪs]

n.

皮炎

dermatitis

dermatitis
Dermatitis is a medical condition which makes your skin red and painful.
N-UNCOUNT

dermatologist

[ˌdə:məˈtɔlədʒist]

n.

皮肤病学家

dermatology

[D.J.:ˌdɜ:məˈtɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˌdə..məˈtɑlədʒi]

n.

皮肤病(学)

dermatologist *

1. dermatologist dermatologists
A dermatologist is a doctor who specializes in the study of skin and the treatment of skin diseases.
N-COUNT

2. dermatology

- These drugs are of great value, particularly in dermatology and the treatment of asthma.

N-UNCOUNT

derogatory

[D.J.:dɪˈrɔgəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:]

[K.K.:dɪˈrɑɡəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

不敬的

derogatory

derogatory
If you make a derogatory remark or comment about someone or something, you express your low opinion of them.

- He refused to withdraw derogatory remarks made about his boss.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

derogatory

adjective

disparaging

belittling

defamatory

offensive

slighting

uncomplimentary

unfavourable

unflattering

derrick

[D.J.:ˈderɪk]

[K.K.:ˈdɛrɪk]

n.

起重机

(油井的)井架

derrick

1. derrick derricks
A derrick is a machine that is used to move cargo on a ship by lifting it in the air.
N-COUNT

2. derrick derricks
A derrick is a tower built over an oil well which is used to raise and lower the drill.
N-COUNT

derring-do

[D.J.:deriŋˈdu:]

[K.K.:ˌdɛrɪŋˈdu]

n.

拼命的勇气,大胆的行为,蛮勇

derring-do

derring-do
Derring-do is the quality of being bold, often in a rather showy or foolish way. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-UNCOUNT

dervish

[D.J.:ˈdə:viʃ]

[K.K.:ˈdɚvɪʃ]

n.

(伊斯兰教的)托钵僧,(伊斯兰教的)苦修僧人

dervish

dervish dervishes
A dervish is a member of a Muslim religious group which has a very active and lively dance as part of its worship. If you say that someone is like a dervish , you mean that they are turning round and round, waving their arms about, or working very quickly.

- In the heart of the Anatolian steppe, dervishes still whirl on festive occasions in mystic union with God.

- Brian was whirling like a dervish, slapping at the mosquitoes and moaning.

N-COUNT

desalination

[di:ˌsæliˈneiʃən]

n.

减少盐分,脱盐作用

desalination

desalination
Desalination is the process of removing salt from sea water so that it can be used for drinking, or for watering crops.
N-UNCOUNT

descant

[D.J.:ˈdesˌkænt]

[K.K.:ˈdɛsˌkænt]

n.

多声部音乐中的上方声部

descant

descant descants
A descant is a tune which is played or sung above the main tune in a piece of music.

- An elderly woman, arms crossed, sang the descant.

N-COUNT

descend

[D.J.:diˈsend]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɛnd]

vt. & vi.

下来, 下去

descended

adj.

从一个祖先传下来的

descending

[diˈsendiŋ]

n.

递减

descend **

1. descend descends descending descended
If you descend or if you descend a staircase, you move downwards from a higher to a lower level. (FORMAL)

- Things are cooler and more damp as we descend to the cellar.

- She walked over to the carpeted stairs at the end of the corridor and descended one flight.

VB
= go down ≠ rise

2. descend descends descending descended
When a mood or atmosphere descends on a place or on the people there, it affects them by spreading among them. (LITERARY)

- An uneasy calm descended on the area.

- A reverent hush descended on the multitude.

VB
= fall

3. descend descends descending descended
If a large group of people arrive to see you, especially if their visit is unexpected or causes you a lot of work, you can say that they have descended on you.

- Some 3,000 city officials will descend on Capitol Hill on Tuesday to lobby for more money.

- Curious tourists and reporters from around the globe are descending upon the peaceful villages.

VB
= invade

4. descend descends descending descended
When night, dusk, or darkness descends , it starts to get dark. (LITERARY)

- Darkness has now descended and the moon and stars shine hazily in the clear sky.

VB
= fall

5. descend descends descending descended
If you say that someone descends to behaviour which you consider unacceptable, you are expressing your disapproval of the fact that they do it.

- We're not going to descend to such methods.

- She's got too much dignity to descend to writing anonymous letters.

VB disapproval
= stoop sink

6. descend descends descending descended
When you want to emphasize that the situation that someone is entering is very bad, you can say that they are descending into that situation.

- He was ultimately overthrown and the country descended into chaos.

VB emphasis
= fall slide

descended *

1. descended
A person who is descended from someone who lived a long time ago is directly related to them.

- She used to tell us that she was descended from some Scottish Lord but we thought she was bragging.

ADJ: v-link ADJ from n

2. descended
An animal that is descended from another sort of animal has developed from the original sort.

- Domestic chickens are descended from jungle fowl of Southeast Asia.

ADJ: v-link ADJ from n

descending

descending
When a group of things is listed or arranged in descending order, each thing is smaller or less important than the thing before it.

- All the other ingredients, including water, have to be listed in descending order by weight.

ADJ: ADJ n

descend

verb

1.

move down

drop

fall

go down

plummet

plunge

sink

subside

tumble

2.

slope

dip

incline

slant

3.

lower oneself

degenerate

deteriorate

stoop

be descended

4.

originate

be handed down

be passed down

derive

issue

proceed

spring

descend on

5.

attack

arrive

invade

raid

swoop

descendant

[D.J.:diˈsendənt]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɛndənt]

n.

后代, 后裔

descendant *

1. descendant descendants
Someone's descendants are the people in later generations who are related to them.

- They are descendants of the original English and Scottish settlers.

- ...Lord Cochrane and his descendants.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with poss
≠ ancestor

2. descendant descendants
Something modern which developed from an older thing can be called a descendant of it.

- His design was a descendant of a 1956 device.

- They are the descendants of plants imported by the early settlers.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
≠ ancestor

descent

[D.J.:diˈsent]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɛnt]

n.

下降, 降下; 沦落

下坡

血统, 出身, 门第

descent *

1. descent descents
A descent is a movement from a higher to a lower level or position.

- Sixteen of the youngsters set off for help, but during the descent three collapsed in the cold and rain.

- ...the crash of an Airbus A300 on its descent into Kathmandu airport.

N-VAR

2. descent descents
A descent is a surface that slopes downwards, for example the side of a steep hill.

- On the descents, cyclists spin past cars, freewheeling downhill at tremendous speed.

N-COUNT

3. descent
When you want to emphasize that a situation becomes very bad, you can talk about someone's or something's descent into that situation.

- The only lasting solution lies in a political settlement. Without it, their descent into chaos will be guaranteed.

- ...his swift descent from respected academic to struggling small businessman.

N-SING: usu poss N into/from/to n emphasis
= decline

4. descent
You use descent to talk about a person's family background, for example their nationality or social status. (FORMAL)

- All the contributors were of African descent.

N-UNCOUNT: usu of adj N
= origin ancestry

descent

noun

1.

coming down

drop

fall

plunge

swoop

2.

slope

declivity

dip

drop

incline

slant

3.

ancestry

extraction

family tree

genealogy

lineage

origin

parentage

4.

decline

degeneration

deterioration

describe

[D.J.:disˈkraib]

[K.K.:dɪˈskraɪb]

vt.

描写, 叙述

画出(图形等)

describing

描述

describe *****

1. describe describes describing described
If you describe a person, object, event, or situation, you say what they are like or what happened.

- We asked her to describe what kind of things she did in her spare time.

- She broke down describing how she was arrested for refusing a breath test.

- She read a poem by Carver which describes their life together.

- The myth of Narcissus is described in Ovid's work.

- Just before his death he described seeing their son in a beautiful garden.

VB

2. describe describes describing described
If a person describes someone or something as a particular thing, he or she believes that they are that thing and says so.

- He described it as an extraordinarily tangled and complicated tale.

- One of them was a man described by police as a leading terrorist.

- Andrew describes her as a large, bony and masculine woman.

- Even his closest allies describe him as forceful, aggressive and determined.

- The President has described the meeting as marking a new stage between the military super-powers.

VB

3. describe describes describing described
If something describes a particular shape, it forms that shape or makes a movement that follows the line of that shape. (FORMAL)

- His pass described a perfect arc through the leaden sky.

VB: no passive

describe

verb

1.

relate

depict

explain

express

narrate

portray

recount

report

tell

2.

trace

delineate

draw

mark out

outline

description

[D.J.:disˈkripʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈskrɪpʃən]

n.

描述, 形容

种类, 类型

description ***

1. description descriptions
A description of someone or something is an account which explains what they are or what they look like.

- Police have issued a description of the man who was aged between fifty and sixty.

- ...a detailed description of the movements and battle plans of Italy's fleet...

- He has a real gift for vivid description.

N-VAR: oft N of n

2. description
If something is of a particular description , it belongs to the general class of items that are mentioned.

- ...the oldest Catholic church of any description in England...

- Events of this description occurred daily.

N-SING: of N
= kind type

3. description
You can say that something is beyond description , or that it defies description to emphasize that it is very unusual, impressive, terrible, or extreme.

- His face is weary beyond description.

- We were in a disaster situation that defies description.

N-UNCOUNT: oft beyond N emphasis

description

noun

1.

account

depiction

explanation

narrative

portrayal

report

representation

sketch

2.

kind

brand

category

class

order

sort

type

variety

descriptive

[D.J.:dɪˈskrɪptɪv]

[K.K.:dɪˈskrɪptɪv]

adj.

说明的;解释的

描写的

descriptive *

descriptive
Descriptive language or writing indicates what someone or something is like.

- The Group adopted the simpler, more descriptive title of Angina Support Group.

ADJ-GRADED

descriptive

adjective

graphic

detailed

explanatory

expressive

illustrative

pictorial

picturesque

vivid

desecrate

[D.J.:ˈdesɪˌkreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈdɛsɪˌkret]

vt.

毁坏或亵渎

desecration

[ˌdesiˈkreiʃən]

n.

亵渎神圣,污辱

desecrate *

1. desecrate desecrates desecrating desecrated
If someone desecrates something which is considered to be holy or very special, they deliberately damage or insult it.

- She shouldn't have desecrated the picture of a religious leader.

- The earth is to be honoured; it is not to be desecrated.

VB
= defile

2. desecration

- The whole area has been shocked by the desecration of the cemetery.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

deseed

deseed deseeds deseeding deseeded
To deseed a fruit or vegetable means to remove all the seeds from it. (BRIT)

- Halve and deseed the peppers.

VB also de-seed .

desegregate

[D.J.:di:ˈseɡriˌɡeit]

[K.K.:diˈsɛɡrɪˌɡet]

v.

废止种族隔离

desegregation

[D.J.:di:ˌse grɪˈ geɪʃən]

[K.K.:diˌs ɛɡrəˈ ɡeʃən]

n.

废除种族隔离

desegregate

1. desegregate desegregates desegregating desegregated
To desegregate something such as a place, institution, or service means to officially stop keeping the people who use it in separate groups, especially groups that are defined by race.

- ...efforts to desegregate sport...

- The school system itself is not totally desegregated.

VB
= integrate ≠ segregate

2. desegregation

- Desegregation may be harder to enforce in rural areas.

N-UNCOUNT

desensitize

[D.J.:ˌdi:ˈsensitaiz]

[K.K.:diˈsɛnsɪˌtaɪz]

vt.

减少感光性,使不敏感

desensitize

desensitize desensitizes desensitizing desensitized
To desensitize someone means to cause them to react less strongly to things such as pain, anxiety, or other people's suffering.

- ...the language that is used to desensitize us to the terrible reality of war...

- Your immune system has been desensitized because it has become used to the substance.

VB (BRIT) also desensitise

desert

[D.J.:ˈdezət]

[K.K.:ˈdɛzət]

n.

沙漠, 不毛之地

[diˈzə:t]

vt.

舍弃, 遗弃

vi.

开小差, 逃亡

deserted

[D.J.:dɪˈzɜ:tɪd]

adj.

荒芜的；荒废的；为人所弃的；无人居住的

desertion

[D.J.:dɪˈzɜ:ʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈzə..ʃən]

n.

离弃;抛弃

擅离职守;开小差;逃亡

<律>遗弃

deserts

[diˈzə:ts]

n.

应得到的事物

desert ***

1. desert deserts
A desert is a large area of land, usually in a hot region, where there is almost no water, rain, trees, or plants.

- ...the Sahara Desert.

- ...the burning desert sun...

- The vehicles have been modified to suit conditions in the desert.

N-VAR: oft in names after n

2. desert deserts
If you refer to a place or situation as a desert , you think it is bad for people because it is not interesting, exciting, or useful in any way.

- They live in 12 high-rise apartment buildings that sit in a desert of concrete.

- Pubs are a cultural desert.

N-COUNT: with supp disapproval

3. desert deserts deserting deserted
If people or animals desert a place, they leave it and it becomes empty.

- Poor farmers are deserting their parched farm fields and coming here looking for jobs.

- After the show, the audience deserts the Blackpool streets.

VB

4. deserted

- They went off to swim in the pool, which was now deserted.

- She led them into a deserted sidestreet.

ADJ-GRADED
= empty

5. desert deserts deserting deserted
If someone deserts you, they go away and leave you, and no longer help or support you.

- Mrs Roding's husband deserted her years ago.

- He has been deserted by most of his advisers.

VB

6. desertion desertions

- It was a long time since she'd referred to her father's desertion.

N-VAR

7. desert deserts deserting deserted
If you desert something that you support, use, or are involved with, you stop supporting it, using it, or being involved with it.

- The paper's new price rise, putting it up to 27p, will encourage readers to desert in even greater droves.

- He was pained to see many youngsters deserting kibbutz life.

- Spaniards are worried about German investors deserting Spain for Eastern Europe.

VB

8. desertion

- They blamed his proposal for much of the mass desertion by the Socialist electorate.

- ...possible further desertions from the party at its conference.

N-VAR

9. desert deserts deserting deserted
If a quality or skill that you normally have deserts you, you suddenly find that you do not have it when you need it or want it.

- Even when he appeared to be depressed, a dry sense of humour never deserted him.

- She lost the next five games, and the set, as her confidence abruptly deserted her.

VB
= leave

10. desert deserts deserting deserted
If someone deserts , or deserts a job, especially a job in the armed forces, they leave that job without permission.

- He was a second-lieutenant in the army until he deserted.

- He deserted from army intelligence last month.

- Young workers are more willing to desert jobs they don't like.

VB

11. desertion

- The high rate of desertion has added to the army's woes.

- There were a growing number of desertions from the federal army.

N-VAR

12. desert
If you say that someone has got their just deserts , you mean that they deserved the unpleasant things that have happened to them, because they did something bad.

- At the end of the book the child's true identity is discovered, and the bad guys get their just deserts.

PHR feelings

desert

noun

wilderness

solitude

waste

wasteland

wilds

desert

verb

abandon

abscond

forsake

jilt

leave

leave stranded

maroon

quit

strand

walk out on informal

deserted

adjective

abandoned

derelict

desolate

empty

forsaken

neglected

unoccupied

vacant

desertion

noun

abandonment

absconding

apostasy

betrayal

defection

dereliction

escape

evasion

flight

relinquishment

deserter

n.

背弃者,逃亡者,脱党者

deserter *

deserter deserters
A deserter is someone who leaves their job in the armed forces without permission.
N-COUNT

deserter

noun

defector

absconder

escapee

fugitive

renegade

runaway

traitor

truant

desertification

[D.J.:diˌzə:tifiˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˌzɚtəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

沙漠化

desertification

desertification
Desertification is the process by which a piece of land becomes dry, empty, and unsuitable for growing trees or crops on.

- A third of Africa is under threat of desertification.

N-UNCOUNT

desert island *

desert island desert islands
A desert island is a small tropical island, where nobody lives.
N-COUNT

deserve

[D.J.:diˈzə:v]

[K.K.:dɪˈzɚv]

vt.

应受, 应得, 值得

deserved

[D.J.:diˈzə:vd]

[K.K.:dɪˈzɚvd]

adj.

应得的,当然的

deserving

[D.J.:dɪˈzɜ:vɪŋ]

[K.K.:dɪˈzə..vɪŋ]

adj.

值得的, 应得的

特别值得照顾的, 值得帮助的

deserve ***

1. deserve deserves deserving deserved
If you say that a person or thing deserves something, you mean that they should have it or receive it because of their actions or qualities.

- Government officials clearly deserve some of the blame as well.

- They know the sport inside out, and we treat them with the respect they deserve.

- These people deserve to make more than the minimum wage.

- His children's books are classics that deserve to be much better known.

- By the time I left he'd become pretty hostile. I felt I deserved better than that.

- The Park Hotel has been in business since 1834 and has a well-deserved reputation.

VB

2. deserve
If you say that someone got what they deserved , you mean that they deserved the bad thing that happened to them, and you have no sympathy for them.

- One of them said the two dead joy riders got what they deserved.

PHR feelings

deserving *

1. deserving
If you describe a person, organization, or cause as deserving , you mean that you think they should be helped.

- The money saved could be used for more deserving causes.

ADJ-GRADED

2. deserving
If someone is deserving of something, they have qualities or achievements which make it right that they should receive it. (FORMAL)

- ...artists deserving of public subsidy.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of n

deserve

verb

merit

be entitled to

be worthy of

earn

justify

rate

warrant

deserved

adjective

well-earned

due

earned

fitting

justified

merited

proper

rightful

warranted

deserving

adjective

worthy

commendable

estimable

laudable

meritorious

praiseworthy

righteous

deservedly

[D.J.:dɪˈzɜ:vɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:dɪˈzə..vɪdlɪ]

adv.

应得地;当然地

deservedly

deservedly
You use deservedly to indicate that someone deserved what happened to them, especially when it was something good.

- He deservedly won the Player of the Year award.

- You will have to book well in advance for this deservedly popular hotel.

- He was highly praised, and deservedly so, by the Asian Times.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj/adv, ADV with cl

desiccated

adj.

干的,粉状的

desiccated

1. desiccated
Desiccated things have lost all the moisture that was in them. (FORMAL)

- ...desiccated flowers and leaves.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= dehydrated

2. desiccated
Desiccated food has been dried in order to preserve it.

- ...desiccated coconut.

ADJ: ADJ n

desiccate

[D.J.:ˈdesɪˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈdɛsɪˌket]

vt.

弄干,使脱水

desiccation

n.

desiccation

n.

干燥

desiccation

desiccation
Desiccation is the process of becoming completely dried out. (FORMAL)

- ...the disastrous consequences of the desiccation of the wetland.

N-UNCOUNT

design

[D.J.:diˈzain]

[K.K.:dɪˈzaɪn]

vt. & vi.

设计, 绘制

vt.

计划, 筹划

n.

图样, 设计图

设计, 布局

目的, 打算

designed

[diˈzaind]

adj.

有计划的,原意的

designing

[D.J.:dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ]

[K.K.:dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ]

adj.

狡诈的;狡猾的;诡计多端的

design *****

1. design designs designing designed
When someone designs a garment, building, machine, or other object, they plan it and make a detailed drawing of it from which it can be built or made.

- They wanted to design a machine that was both attractive and practical.

- ...men wearing specially designed boots.

VB

2. design designs designing designed
When someone designs a survey, policy, or system, they plan and prepare it, and decide on all the details of it.

- We may be able to design a course to suit your particular needs.

- Computer security systems will be designed by independent technicians.

- A number of very well designed studies have been undertaken.

VB

3. design
Design is the process and art of planning and making detailed drawings of something.

- He was a born mechanic with a flair for design.

- Most mobile robots are still in the design stage.

- She came to London in 1960 to study fashion design.

N-UNCOUNT

4. design
The design of something is the way in which it has been planned and made.

- These machines are constantly updated by improving the design of the computers.

- ...a new design of clock...

- The shoes were of good design and good quality.

- BMW is recalling 8,000 cars because of a design fault.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

5. design designs
A design is a drawing which someone produces to show how they would like something to be built or made.

- When Bernardello asked them to build him a home, they drew up the design in a week.

N-COUNT
= plan

6. design designs
A design is a pattern of lines, flowers, or shapes which is used to decorate something.

- Their range of tableware is decorated with a blackberry design.

- Many pictures have been based on simple geometric designs.

N-COUNT
= motif

7. design designs
A design is a general plan or intention that someone has in their mind when they are doing something.

- Is there some design in having him in the middle?.

- The intelligence service conceived a grand design to assassinate the War Minister.

N-COUNT

8. design designed
If something is designed for a purpose, it is intended for that purpose.

- This project is designed to help landless people.

- It's not designed for anyone under age eighteen.

V-PASSIVE
= intended

9. design
If something happens or is done by design , someone does it deliberately, rather than by accident.

- The pair met often -- at first by chance but later by design.

PHR
= on purpose

10. design
If someone has designs on something, they want it and are planning to get it, often in a dishonest way.

- His colonel had designs on his wife.

- Greece has always stressed that it had no designs on the territory.

PHR: V inflects

design

verb

1.

plan

draft

draw

outline

sketch

trace

2.

create

conceive

fabricate

fashion

invent

originate

think up

3.

intend

aim

mean

plan

propose

purpose

noun

4.

plan

blueprint

draft

drawing

model

outline

scheme

sketch

5.

arrangement

construction

form

organization

pattern

shape

style

6.

intention

aim

end

goal

object

objective

purpose

target

designate

[D.J.:ˈdeziɡneit]

[K.K.:ˈdɛzɪɡˌnet]

vt.

指派, 委任

标明, 指明, 命名

designated

指定的,派定的

designate **

1. designate designates designating designated
When you designate someone or something, you formally give them a particular description or name.

- ...a man interviewed in one of our studies whom we shall designate as E...

- There are efforts under way to designate the bridge a historic landmark.

- I live in Exmoor, which is designated as a national park.

VB

2. designate designates designating designated
If something is designated for a particular purpose, it is set aside for that purpose.

- Some of the rooms were designated as offices.

- ...scholarships designated for minorities...

- Smoking is allowed in designated areas.

VB: usu passive

3. designate designates designating designated
When you designate someone as something, you formally choose them to do that particular job.

- Designate someone as the spokesperson.

- The President's designated successor is his son.

VB

4. designate
Designate is used to describe someone who has been formally chosen to do a particular job, but has not yet started doing it.

- Japan's Prime Minister-designate is completing his Cabinet today.

ADJ: n ADJ

designate

verb

1.

name

call

dub

entitle

label

style

term

2.

appoint

assign

choose

delegate

depute

nominate

select

designated driver

designated driver designated drivers
The designated driver in a group of people travelling together is the one who has agreed to drive, or who is insured to drive.
N-COUNT: usu sing

designation

[D.J.:ˌdezɪgˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛzɪɡˈneʃən]

n.

名字,称号

选派,指定

designation *

designation designations
A designation is a description, name, or title that is given to someone or something. Designation is the fact of giving that description, name, or title. (FORMAL)

- ...a level four alert, a designation reserved for very serious incidents.

- ...the designation of Madrid as European City of Culture 1992.

N-VAR

designation

noun

name

description

label

mark

title

designer

[D.J.:dɪˈzaɪnə]

[K.K.:dɪˈzaɪnɚ]

n.

设计师;图案设计师;打样师;制图员

adj.

由专门设计师设计的;标有设计师名字的

<常幽或贬>有意令使用者显得时髦的;装门面的;显示派头的

designer ***

1. designer designers
A designer is a person whose job is to design things by making drawings of them.

- Carolyne is a fashion designer.

N-COUNT

2. designer
Designer clothes or designer labels are expensive, fashionable clothes made by a famous designer, rather than being made in large quantities in a factory.

- He wears designer clothes and drives an antique car.

- People want to buy designer labels for snob value.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. designer
You can use designer to describe things that are worn or bought because they are fashionable. (INFORMAL)

- Tousled hair and designer stubble are chic.

- Designer beers and trendy wines have replaced the good old British pint.

ADJ: ADJ n

designer

noun

creator

architect

deviser

inventor

originator

planner

desirability

[diˌzaiərəˈbiləti]

n.

愿望,希求

desirable

[D.J.:diˈzaiərəbl]

[K.K.:dɪˈzaɪrəbəl]

adj.

可取的, 值得拥有的, 合意的

desirable **

1. desirable
Something that is desirable is worth having or doing because it is useful, necessary, or popular.

- Prolonged negotiation was not desirable.

- The crowd moved indoors for what were deemed the most desirable items.

ADJ-GRADED

2. desirability

- ...the desirability of democratic reform.

- ...the debate on the desirability of banning the ivory trade.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n/-ing

3. desirable
Someone who is desirable is considered to be sexually attractive.

- ...the young women of his own age whom his classmates thought most desirable.

ADJ-GRADED

4. desirability

- He had not at all overrated Veronica's desirability.

N-UNCOUNT: usu poss N

desirable

adjective

1.

worthwhile

advantageous

advisable

beneficial

good

preferable

profitable

2.

attractive

adorable

alluring

fetching

glamorous

seductive

sexy informal

desire

[D.J.:diˈzaiə]

[K.K.:dɪˈzaɪr]

vt.

希望, 渴望

要求, 请求

n.

愿望, 欲望, 心愿

desired

adj.

渴望的,想得到的

desire ****

1. desire desires
A desire is a strong wish to do or have something.

- I had a strong desire to help and care for people.

- They seem to have lost their desire for life.

N-COUNT: oft N to-inf, N for n

2. desire desires desired
If you desire something, you want it. (FORMAL)

- She had remarried and desired a child with her new husband.

- But Fred was bored and desired to go home.

- He desired me to inform her that he had made his peace with God.

VB: no cont

3. desired

- You may find that just threatening this course of action will produce the desired effect.

- His warnings have provoked the desired response.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

4. desire
Desire for someone is a strong feeling of wanting to have sex with them.

- Teenage sex, for instance, may come not out of genuine desire but from a need to get love.

N-UNCOUNT

5. desire desires desired
If you desire someone, you want to have sex with them.

- It never occurred to him that she might not desire him.

VB: no cont

6. desire
If desired is used in instructions in written English to indicate that someone can choose to take the course of action mentioned.

- Additional courses may be taken if desired.

- Transfer this sauce to a separate saucepan, if desired.

PHR

7. desire
If you say that someone or something is your heart's desire , you mean that you want that person or thing very much. (LITERARY)

- He was extremely devious in his efforts to achieve his heart's desire.

PHR: Ns inflect, usu poss PHR

8. desire
If you say that something leaves a lot to be desired , you mean that it is not as good as it should be.

- The selection of TV programmes, especially at the weekend, leaves a lot to be desired.

- Food seems to have been available, even if the quality left much to be desired.

- It is just possible that the accuracy of the information provided might leave something to be desired.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

desire

verb

1.

want

crave

hanker after

hope for

long for

set one's heart on

thirst for

wish for

yearn for

noun

2.

wish

aspiration

craving

hankering

hope

longing

thirst

want

3.

lust

appetite

libido

passion

desirous

[D.J.:dɪˈzaɪərəs]

[K.K.:dɪˈzaɪrəs]

adj.

<正>渴望…的;想得到…的;希望…的

desirous

desirous
If you are desirous of doing something or desirous of something, you want to do it very much or want it very much. (FORMAL)

- Desirous of knowing something about the operations, I stood and watched the spectacle.

- The enemy is so desirous of peace that he will agree to any terms.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of -ing/n

desist

[D.J.:dɪˈsɪst, -ˈzɪst]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɪst, -ˈzɪst]

vi.

停止

desist

desist desists desisting desisted
If you desist from doing something, you stop doing it. (FORMAL)

- Ford never desisted from trying to persuade him to return to America.

- The magazine will desist from such language after receiving complaints.

- She rubbed her arms, but they hurt and she desisted.

VB

desist

verb

stop

break off

cease

discontinue

end

forbear

leave off

pause

refrain from

desk

[D.J.:desk]

[K.K.:dɛsk]

n.

书桌, 办公桌, 写字台

desk ****

1. desk desks
A desk is a table, often with drawers, which you sit at to write or work.
N-COUNT

2. desk
The place in a hotel, hospital, airport, or other building where you check in or obtain information is referred to as a particular desk .

- I told the girl on the reception desk that I was terribly sorry, but I was half an hour late.

- A map and a bird-watchers' field checklist are available at the front desk.

- ...the main information desk.

N-SING: usu supp N

3. desk
A particular department of a broadcasting company, or a newspaper or magazine company, can be referred to as a particular desk .

- Let our news desk know as quickly as possible on 414 3926.

- Over now to Simon Ingram at the sports desk.

N-SING: supp N

desk clerk

desk clerk desk clerks
A desk clerk is someone who works at the main desk in a hotel. (AM; in BRIT use receptionist )
N-COUNT

deskill

deskill deskills deskilling deskilled
If workers are deskilled , they no longer need special skills to do their work, especially because of modern methods of production.

- Administrative staff may be deskilled through increased automation and efficiency.

VB: oft passive

desktop

[D.J.:ˈdeskˌtɔp]

[K.K.:ˈdɛskˌtɑp]

n.

桌面

desktop

1. desktop
Desktop computers are a convenient size for using on a desk or table, but are not designed to be portable.

- When launched, the Macintosh was the smallest desktop computer ever produced.

ADJ: ADJ n also desk-top .

2. desktop desktops
A desktop is a desktop computer.
N-COUNT also desk-top .

3. desktop desktops
The desktop of a computer is the display of icons that you see on the screen when the computer is ready to use.
N-COUNT also desk-top .

desktop publishing

desktop publishing
Desktop publishing is the production of printed materials such as newspapers and magazines using a desktop computer and a laser printer, rather than using conventional printing methods.
N-UNCOUNT also desk-top publishing .

desolate

[D.J.:ˈdesəlit]

[K.K.:ˈdɛsəlɪt]

adj.

无人的, 荒凉的

阴郁的, 孤独凄凉的

[ˈdesəleit]

vt.

毁坏, 极大地破坏

使沮丧, 使痛苦

desolate *

1. desolate
A desolate place is empty of people and lacking in comfort.

- ...a desolate landscape of flat green fields broken by marsh...

- Half-ruined, hardly a building untouched, it's a desolate place.

ADJ-GRADED
= bleak

2. desolate
If someone is desolate , they feel very sad, alone, and without hope.

- He was desolate without her.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

3. desolate desolates desolating desolated
If something desolates you, it upsets you and makes you very unhappy. (LITERARY)

- Their inclination to wait and demand more resources desolated President Lincoln.

VB
= devastate

4. desolated

- I saw them walk away and felt absolutely desolated.

ADJ

5. desolating

- They have maintained their optimism in the face of desolating subjugation.

ADJ-GRADED

desolate

adjective

1.

uninhabited

bare

barren

bleak

dreary

godforsaken

solitary

wild

2.

miserable

dejected

despondent

disconsolate

downcast

forlorn

gloomy

wretched

verb

3.

lay waste

depopulate

despoil

destroy

devastate

lay low

pillage

plunder

ravage

ruin

4.

deject

depress

discourage

dishearten

dismay

distress

grieve

desolation

[D.J.:ˌdesəˈleɪʃən, ˌdez-]

[K.K.:ˌdɛsəˈleʃən, ˌdɛz-]

n.

遗弃;荒凉;破坏

凄凉, 孤寂

desolation

1. desolation
Desolation is a feeling of great unhappiness and hopelessness.

- Kozelek expresses his sense of desolation absolutely without self-pity.

N-UNCOUNT
= misery

2. desolation
If you refer to desolation in a place, you mean that it is empty and frightening, for example because it has been destroyed by a violent force or army.

- We looked out upon a scene of desolation and ruin.

- She says the army left desolation and death through the whole of northern Morazan.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= devastation

desolation

noun

1.

ruin

destruction

devastation

havoc

2.

bleakness

barrenness

isolation

solitude

3.

misery

anguish

dejection

despair

distress

gloom

sadness

woe

wretchedness

despair

[D.J.:disˈpɛə]

[K.K.:dɪˈspɛr]

n.

绝望

使人绝望的人(或事物)

vi.

绝望

despairing

[D.J.:dɪˈspeərɪŋ]

[K.K.:dɪˈspɛrɪŋ]

adj.

感到绝望的;表现绝望的;无望的

despair **

1. despair
Despair is the feeling that everything is wrong and that nothing will improve.

- I looked at my wife in despair.

- There is always someone to whom you can admit feelings of despair or inadequacy.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. despair despairs despairing despaired
If you despair , you feel that everything is wrong and that nothing will improve.

- `Oh, I despair sometimes,' he says in mock sorrow.

- He does despair at much of the press criticism.

VB

3. despair despairs despairing despaired
If you despair of something, you feel that there is no hope that it will happen or improve. If you despair of someone, you feel that there is no hope that they will improve.

- He wished to earn a living through writing but despaired of doing so.

- ...efforts to find homes for people despairing of ever having a roof over their heads...

- There are signs that many voters have already despaired of politicians.

VB

despair

noun

1.

despondency

anguish

dejection

depression

desperation

gloom

hopelessness

misery

wretchedness

verb

2.

lose hope

give up

lose heart

despairing

adjective

hopeless

dejected

desperate

despondent

disconsolate

frantic

grief-stricken

inconsolable

miserable

wretched

desperado

[D.J.:ˌdespəˈrɑ:dəu]

[K.K.:ˌdɛspəˈrɑdo, -ˈre-]

n.

亡命徒, 暴徒

desperado

desperado desperadoes or desperados
A desperado is someone who does illegal, violent things without worrying about the danger. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

desperado

noun

criminal

bandit

lawbreaker

outlaw

villain

desperate

[D.J.:ˈdespərit]

[K.K.:ˈdɛspərɪt]

adj.

不顾一切的, 拼命的

铤而走险的, 孤注一掷的

极想望的, 极需要的

危急的, 极严重的

desperately

[D.J.:ˈdespərɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈd ɛspərɪtlɪ]

adv.

绝望地;不顾一切地,拼命地

<口>极度地;猛烈地

desperate ***

1. desperate
If you are desperate , you are in such a bad situation that you are willing to try anything to change it.

- Troops are needed to help get food into Kosovo where people are in desperate need.

- Desperate with anxiety, Bob and Hans searched the whole house.

- A family from Siberia made a desperate attempt to hijack a plane to the West.

ADJ-GRADED

2. desperately

- Thousands are desperately trying to leave their battered homes and villages.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. desperate
If you are desperate for something or desperate to do something, you want or need it very much indeed.

- They'd been married nearly four years and June was desperate to start a family.

- People are desperate for him to do something.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to-inf, ADJ for n

4. desperately

- He was a boy who desperately needed affection.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. desperate
A desperate situation is very difficult, serious, or dangerous.

- India's United Nations ambassador said the situation is desperate.

- I decided not to abandon John when he was in such a desperate position.

ADJ-GRADED
= dire

desperate

adjective

1.

reckless

audacious

daring

frantic

furious

risky

2.

grave

drastic

extreme

urgent

desperately

adverb

1.

gravely

badly

dangerously

perilously

seriously

severely

2.

hopelessly

appallingly

fearfully

frightfully

shockingly

desperation

[D.J.:ˌdespəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛspəˈreʃən]

n.

绝望;不顾一切,拼命

desperation *

desperation
Desperation is the feeling that you have when you are in such a bad situation that you will try anything to change it.

- This feeling of desperation and helplessness was common to most of the refugees.

- In desperation I joined a physical exercise class.

N-UNCOUNT

desperation

noun

1.

recklessness

foolhardiness

frenzy

impetuosity

madness

rashness

2.

misery

agony

anguish

despair

hopelessness

trouble

unhappiness

worry

despicable

[D.J.:ˈdespɪkəbəl, dɪˈspɪkə-]

[K.K.:ˈdɛspɪkəbəl, dɪˈspɪkə-]

adj.

可鄙的,卑鄙的

despicably

adv.

despicably

adv.

可鄙地,卑劣地

despicable

despicable
If you say that a person or action is despicable , you are emphasizing that they are extremely nasty, cruel, or evil.

- The Minister, who visited the scene a few hours after the explosion, said it was a despicable crime.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= contemptible vile

despicable

adjective

contemptible

detestable

disgraceful

hateful

mean

shameful

sordid

vile

worthless

wretched

despise

[D.J.:disˈpaiz]

[K.K.:dɪˈspaɪz]

vt.

鄙视, 看不起某人(某事)

despise *

despise despises despising despised
If you despise something or someone, you dislike them and have a very low opinion of them.

- I can never, ever forgive him. I despise him.

- She secretly despises his work.

- How I despised myself for my cowardice!

VB

despise

verb

look down on

abhor

detest

loathe

revile

scorn

despite

[D.J.:disˈpait]

[K.K.:dɪˈspaɪt]

prep.

不管, 尽管

despite ****

1. despite
You use despite to introduce a fact which makes the other part of the sentence surprising.

- Despite a thorough investigation, no trace of Dr Southwell has been found.

- The National Health Service has visibly deteriorated, despite increased spending.

- He was obviously distressed despite being unconscious.

PREP: PREP n/-ing
= in spite of

2. despite
If you do something despite yourself you do it although you did not really intend or expect to.

- Despite myself, Harry's remarks had caused me to stop and reflect.

PREP: PREP pron-refl
= in spite of

3. despite
You use despite to introduce an idea that appears to contradict your main statement, without suggesting that this idea is true or that you believe it.

- She told friends she will stand by husband, despite reports that he sent another woman love notes.

- Despite rumours of a fondness for alcohol, he is revealed as a man who never swears.

PREP
= in spite of

despite

preposition

in spite of

against

even with

in the face of

in the teeth of

notwithstanding

regardless of

undeterred by

despoil

[D.J.:dɪˈspɔɪl]

[K.K.:dɪˈspɔɪl]

vt.

掠夺,抢劫

despoliation

n.

despoliation

[diˌspəuliˈeiʃən]

n.

掠夺

despoil

despoil despoils despoiling despoiled
To despoil a place means to make it less attractive, valuable, or important by taking things away from it or by destroying it. (FORMAL)

- People picking mushrooms are sometimes stopped by passers-by and ticked off for despoiling the countryside.

- ...a landscape despoiled by coal-mining and heavy industry.

VB

despondency

despondency
Despondency is a strong feeling of unhappiness caused by difficulties which you feel you cannot overcome.

- There's a mood of gloom and despondency in the country.

N-UNCOUNT
= dejection

despondency

noun

dejection

depression

despair

desperation

gloom

low spirits

melancholy

misery

sadness

despondent

1. despondent
If you are despondent , you are very unhappy because you have been experiencing difficulties that you think you will not be able to overcome.

- John often felt despondent after dragging his portfolio around various agencies.

ADJ-GRADED
= depressed

2. despondently

- Despondently, I went back and told Bill the news.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

despondent

adjective

dejected

depressed

disconsolate

disheartened

dispirited

downhearted

glum

in despair

sad

sorrowful

despot

[D.J.:ˈdespət]

[K.K.:ˈdɛspət]

n.

专制君主,专制者

暴君

despot

despot despots
A despot is a ruler or other person who has a lot of power and who uses it unfairly or cruelly.
N-COUNT
= tyrant dictator

despot

noun

tyrant

autocrat

dictator

oppressor

despotic

[D.J.:ˈdespɔtɪk]

[K.K.:dɪˈspɑtɪk]

adj.

专制暴君的；似暴君的；专横的

despotic

despotic
If you say that someone is despotic , you are emphasizing that they use their power over other people in a very unfair or cruel way.

- The country was ruled by a despotic tyrant.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= tyrannical

despotic

adjective

tyrannical

authoritarian

autocratic

dictatorial

domineering

imperious

oppressive

despotism

[D.J.:ˈdespəˌtɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈdɛspəˌtɪzəm]

n.

专制,专制统治

despotism

despotism
Despotism is cruel and unfair government by a ruler or rulers who have a lot of power.
N-UNCOUNT
= tyranny

despotism

noun

tyranny

autocracy

dictatorship

oppression

totalitarianism

dessert

[D.J.:diˈzə:t]

[K.K.:dɪˈzɚt]

n.

(餐后)甜食, 甜点

dessert **

dessert desserts
Dessert is something sweet, such as fruit or a pudding, that you eat at the end of a meal.

- She had homemade ice cream for dessert.

- I am partial to desserts that combine fresh fruit with fine pastry.

N-MASS
= sweet pudding

dessertspoon

[D.J.:diˈzə:tspu:n]

[K.K.:dɪˈzɚtˌspun]

n.

餐后甜点匙

dessertspoon

1. dessertspoon dessertspoons
A dessertspoon is a spoon which is midway between the size of a teaspoon and a tablespoon. You use it to eat desserts.
N-COUNT also dessert spoon .

2. dessertspoon dessertspoons
You can refer to an amount of food resting on a dessertspoon as a dessertspoon of food. (BRIT)

- ...a rounded dessertspoon of flour.

N-COUNT: oft N of n also dessert spoon .

dessertspoonful

dessertspoonful dessertspoonfuls
You can refer to an amount of food resting on a dessertspoon as a dessertspoonful of food. (BRIT)

- ...a dessertspoonful of olive oil.

N-COUNT: oft N of n dessertspoonsful can also be used as the plural form

dessert wine

dessert wine dessert wines
A dessert wine is a sweet wine, usually a white wine, that is served with dessert.
N-MASS

destabilization

[di:ˌsteibilaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

扰动,不稳定

destabilize

[D.J.:di:ˈsteibilaiz]

[K.K.:diˈstebəˌlaɪz]

vt.

破坏政府的稳定

destabilize *

1. destabilize destabilizes destabilizing destabilized
To destabilize something such as a country or government means to create a situation which reduces its power or influence.

- Their sole aim is to destabilize the Indian government.

VB (BRIT) also destabilise

2. destabilization

- He said that these events had provoked the destabilization of the country.

N-UNCOUNT

destination

[D.J.:ˌdestiˈneiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛstəˈneʃən]

n.

目的地, 终点

destination **

destination destinations
The destination of someone or something is the place to which they are going or being sent.

- Spain is still our most popular holiday destination.

- Only half of the emergency supplies have reached their destination.

N-COUNT

destination

noun

journey's end

haven

resting-place

station

stop

terminus

destined

[ˈdestind]

adj.

命中注定的, 预定的

以…为目的地的

destined **

1. destined
If something is destined to happen or if someone is destined to behave in a particular way, that thing seems certain to happen or be done.

- He feels that he was destined to become a musician.

- London seems destined to lose more than 2,000 hospital beds.

- Everyone knew that Muriel was destined for great things.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, ADJ to-inf, ADJ for n

2. destined
If someone is destined for a particular place, or if goods are destined for a particular place, they are travelling towards that place or will be sent to that place.

- ...products destined for Saudi Arabia.

ADJ: v-link ADJ for n
= bound for

destined

adjective

fated

bound

certain

doomed

intended

meant

predestined

destiny

[D.J.:ˈdestini]

[K.K.:ˈdɛstəni]

n.

命运; 天命; 天数

destiny **

1. destiny destinies
A person's destiny is everything that happens to them during their life, including what will happen in the future, especially when it is considered to be controlled by someone or something else.

- We are masters of our own destiny.

- It is my destiny one day to be king.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with poss
= fate

2. destiny
Destiny is the force which some people believe controls the things that happen to you in your life.

- Is it destiny that brings people together, or is it accident?

N-UNCOUNT
= fate

destiny

noun

fate

doom

fortune

karma

kismet

lot

portion

destitute

[D.J.:ˈdestɪˌtu:t, -ˌtju:t]

[K.K.:ˈdɛstɪˌtut, -ˌtjut]

adj.

赤贫的, 贫苦的;没有的, 缺乏的

destitute *

destitute
Someone who is destitute has no money or possessions. (FORMAL)

- ...destitute children who live on the streets.

ADJ-GRADED

destitute

adjective

penniless

down and out

impoverished

indigent

insolvent

moneyless

penurious

poor

poverty-stricken

destitution

[D.J.:ˌdestiˈtju:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛstɪˈtuʃən, -ˈtju-]

n.

穷困,缺乏,贫穷

destitution

destitution
Destitution is the state of having no money or possessions. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

destroy

[D.J.:disˈtrɔi]

[K.K.:dɪˈstrɔɪ]

vt.

破坏, 毁灭

消灭, 杀死

destroyed

被毁

destroy ****

1. destroy destroys destroying destroyed
To destroy something means to cause so much damage to it that it is completely ruined or does not exist any more.

- That's a sure recipe for destroying the economy and creating chaos.

- No one was injured in the explosion, but the building was completely destroyed.

- Even the most gifted can have confidence destroyed by the wrong instructor.

VB
= wreck

2. destroy destroys destroying destroyed
To destroy someone means to ruin their life or to make their situation impossible to bear.

- If I was younger or more naive, the criticism would have destroyed me.

VB

3. destroy destroys destroying destroyed
If an animal is destroyed , it is killed, either because it is ill or because it is dangerous.

- Lindsay was unhurt but the horse had to be destroyed.

VB: usu passive
= be put down

destroy

verb

ruin

annihilate

crush

demolish

devastate

eradicate

shatter

wipe out

wreck

destroyer

[D.J.:dɪˈstrɔɪə]

[K.K.:dɪˈstrɔɪɚ]

n.

驱逐舰

破坏者

destroyer *

1. destroyer destroyers
A destroyer is a small, heavily armed warship.
N-COUNT

2. destroyer destroyers
Something or someone that is described as a destroyer destroys things or people.

- The company is the world's largest destroyer of tropical forests.

N-COUNT: with poss, usu N of n

destruction

[D.J.:disˈtrʌkʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈstrʌkʃən]

n.

破坏, 毁灭, 消灭

destruction ***

destruction
Destruction is the act of destroying something, or the state of being destroyed.

- ...an international agreement aimed at halting the destruction of the ozone layer.

- ...weapons of mass destruction.

N-UNCOUNT

destruction

noun

ruin

annihilation

demolition

devastation

eradication

extermination

havoc

slaughter

wreckage

destructive

[D.J.:disˈtrʌktiv]

[K.K.:dɪˈstrʌktɪv]

adj.

破坏性的, 毁灭性的

destructively

adv.

破坏地,狼狈地

destructive **

1. destructive
Something that is destructive causes or is capable of causing great damage, harm, or injury.

- ...the awesome destructive power of nuclear weapons...

- Guilt can be very destructive.

ADJ-GRADED

2. destructiveness

- ...the size of armies and the destructiveness of their weapons.

N-UNCOUNT

3. destructively

- Power can be used creatively or destructively.

ADV-GRADED

destructive

adjective

damaging

calamitous

catastrophic

deadly

devastating

fatal

harmful

lethal

ruinous

desultorily

adv.

杂乱无章地,散漫地

desultory

[D.J.:ˈdesəlˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:, ˈdez-]

[K.K.:ˈdɛsəlˌtɔri, -ˌtori, ˈdɛz-]

adj.

散乱的,东拉西扯的

不按程序的,没有条理的

desultory

1. desultory
Something that is desultory is done in an unplanned and disorganized way, and without enthusiasm. (FORMAL)

- The constables made a desultory attempt to keep them away from the barn.

ADJ-GRADED

2. desultorily

- The man continued talking. She answered him desultorily.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

detach

[D.J.:diˈtætʃ]

[K.K.:dɪˈtætʃ]

vt.

拆卸, 使分开, 使分离

detached

[D.J.:dɪˈtætʃt]

[K.K.:dɪˈtætʃt]

adj.

分离的, 远离的

超然的, 公正的

detaching

松粉

detach *

1. detach detaches detaching detached
If you detach one thing from another that it is fixed to, you remove it. If one thing detaches from another, it becomes separated from it. (FORMAL)

- Detach the white part of the application form and keep it for reference only.

- Detach the currants from the stems by simply running a fork down the length of the stem.

- Stale eggs are instantly detectable as the white detaches almost completely from the yolk.

V-ERG

2. detach detaches detaching detached
If you detach yourself from something, you become less involved in it or less concerned about it than you used to be.

- It helps them detach themselves from their problems and become more objective.

VB

3. detach detaches detaching detached
If you detach yourself from a person or place, you leave them. (FORMAL)

- Alexis saw his father detach himself from the group and walk away down the hill by himself.

VB

detached *

1. detached
Someone who is detached is not personally involved in something or has no emotional interest in it.

- He tries to remain emotionally detached from the prisoners, but fails.

- It is written in a detached, precise style.

ADJ-GRADED

2. detached
A detached house is one that is not joined to any other house. (mainly BRIT)
ADJ

detach

verb

separate

cut off

disconnect

disengage

divide

remove

sever

tear off

unfasten

detached

adjective

1.

separate

disconnected

discrete

unconnected

2.

uninvolved

disinterested

dispassionate

impartial

impersonal

neutral

objective

reserved

unbiased

detachable

[D.J.:dɪˈtætʃəbl]

[K.K.:dɪˈtætʃəbl..]

adj.

可分开的，可拆开的

detachable

detachable
If a part of an object is detachable , it has been made so that it can be removed from the object.

- ...a cake tin with a detachable base.

ADJ
= removable

detachment

[D.J.:diˈtætʃmənt]

n.

超脱

拆卸, 分离, 分开

detachment *

1. detachment
Detachment is the feeling that you have of not being personally involved in something or of having no emotional interest in it.

- She did not care for the idea of socialising with her clients. It would detract from her professional detachment.

- Ridley viewed his work with a cynical detachment.

N-UNCOUNT

2. detachment detachments
A detachment is a group of soldiers who are sent away from the main group to do a special job.

- ...a detachment of marines.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

detachment

noun

1.

indifference

aloofness

coolness

nonchalance

remoteness

unconcern

2.

impartiality

fairness

neutrality

objectivity

3.

unit

body

force

party

patrol

squad

task force

detail

[D.J.:ˈdi:teil]

[K.K.:dɪˈtel, ˈdiˌtel]

n.

细目, 细节; 小事

各种细节, 详情

detailed

[D.J.:dɪˈteɪld, ˈdi:ˌteɪld]

[K.K.:dɪˈteld, ˈdiˌteld]

adj.

详细的;精细的

复杂的

detailing

详细设计,细节设计

details

n.

详细资料

detail ****

1. detail details
The details of something are its individual features or elements.

- The details of the plan are still being worked out.

- No details of the discussions have been given.

- I recall every detail of the party.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

2. detail details
Details about someone or something are facts or pieces of information about them.

- See the bottom of this page for details of how to apply for this exciting offer.

- Full details will be announced soon.

N-PLURAL: oft N of n/wh, adj N

3. detail details
A detail is a minor point or aspect of something, as opposed to the central ones.

- Only minor details now remain to be settled.

N-COUNT: oft adj N

4. detail
You can refer to the small features of something which are often not noticed as detail .

- We like his attention to detail and his enthusiasm.

N-UNCOUNT

5. detail details
A detail of a picture is a part of it that is printed separately and perhaps made bigger, so that smaller features can be clearly seen.
N-COUNT

6. detail details detailing detailed
If you detail things, you list them or give information about them.

- The report detailed the human rights abuses committed during the war.

VB

7. detail details detailing detailed
If someone is detailed to do a task or job, they are officially ordered to do it. (FORMAL)

- He detailed a constable to take it to the Incident Room.

VB

8. detail
If someone does not go into details about a subject, or does not go into the detail , they mention it without explaining it fully or properly.

- He said he had been in various parts of Britain but did not go into details.

- Neither of them were prepared to go into the detail of their talks.

PHR: V inflects

9. detail
If you examine or discuss something in detail , you do it thoroughly and carefully.

- We examine the wording in detail before deciding on the final text.

PHR

detailed ***

detailed
A detailed report or plan contains a lot of details.

- Yesterday's letter contains a detailed account of the decisions.

- I started drawing up more detailed budgets.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

detail

noun Military

1.

point

aspect

component

element

fact

factor

feature

particular

respect

2.

fine point

nicety

particular

triviality

3.

party

assignment

body

detachment

duty

fatigue

force

squad

verb

4.

list

catalogue

enumerate

itemize

recite

recount

rehearse

relate

tabulate

5.

appoint

allocate

assign

charge

commission

delegate

send

detailed

adjective Military

comprehensive

blow-by-blow

exhaustive

full

intricate

minute

particular

thorough

detain

[D.J.:diˈtein]

[K.K.:dɪˈten]

vt.

留住, 耽搁

拘留, 扣留

detain **

1. detain detains detaining detained
When people such as the police detain someone, they keep them in a place under their control. (FORMAL)

- The act allows police to detain a suspect for up to 48 hours.

- He was arrested and detained for questioning.

VB

2. detain detains detaining detained
To detain someone means to delay them, for example by talking to them. (FORMAL)

- Millson stood up. `Thank you. We won't detain you any further, Mrs Stebbing.'

VB

detain

verb

1.

delay

check

hinder

hold up

impede

keep back

retard

slow up (or down)

2.

hold

arrest

confine

intern

restrain

detainee

[D.J.:ˌdi:teɪˈni:, dɪˌteɪ-]

[K.K.:ˌditeˈni, dɪˌte-]

n.

(尤指因政治原因而)被拘留者

detainee *

detainee detainees
A detainee is someone who is held prisoner by a government because of his or her political views or activities.
N-COUNT

detect

[D.J.:diˈtekt]

[K.K.:dɪˈtɛkt]

vt.

发现; 发觉, 查明

detecting

[diˈtektiŋ]

n.

探测,检定,检波

detect **

1. detect detects detecting detected
To detect something means to find it or discover that it is present somewhere by using equipment or making an investigation.

- ...a sensitive piece of equipment used to detect radiation...

- Most skin cancers can be cured if detected and treated early.

- Doctors have developed a device which can detect who is more at risk from sudden death following a mild heart attack.

VB

2. detect detects detecting detected
If you detect something, you notice it or sense it, even though it is not very obvious.

- Arnold could detect a certain sadness in the old man's face.

VB
= sense

detect

verb

1.

notice

ascertain

identify

note

observe

perceive

recognize

spot

2.

discover

find

track down

uncover

unmask

detectable

[diˈtektəbl]

adj.

可发觉的,可看穿的

detectable

detectable
Something that is detectable can be noticed or discovered.

- Doctors say the disease is probably inherited but not detectable at birth.

ADJ-GRADED

detection

[D.J.:diˈtekʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈtɛkʃən]

n.

察觉, 发觉; 侦查

detection *

1. detection
Detection is the act of noticing or sensing something.

- ...the early detection of breast cancer.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

2. detection
Detection is the discovery of something which is supposed to be hidden.

- They are cheating but are sophisticated enough to avoid detection.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. detection
Detection is the work of investigating a crime in order to find out what has happened and who committed it.

- The detection rate for motor vehicle theft that year was just 11.7 per cent.

- The most important deterrent for most criminals is the likelihood of detection and arrest.

N-UNCOUNT

detective

[D.J.:diˈtektiv]

[K.K.:dɪˈtɛktɪv]

n.

侦探

detective ***

1. detective detectives
A detective is someone whose job is to discover what has happened in a crime or other situation and to find the people involved. Some detectives work in the police force and others work privately.

- Now detectives are appealing for witnesses who may have seen anything suspicious last night.

- She hired a private detective in an attempt to find her daughter.

N-COUNT

2. detective
In Britain ` detective ' is used before words such as `constable' or `sergeant', and in the U.S. the word ` detective ' is used on its own, to indicate that a police officer is a member of the department concerned with investigating crimes.

- ...Detective Inspector Ian Mosley.

- ...Detective Nardosa of the New York City Police Department.

N-TITLE; N-VOC

3. detective
A detective novel or story is one in which a detective tries to solve a crime.
ADJ: ADJ n

4. detective
If you do some detective work , you do something to find out more about a subject or situation that puzzles you.

- Despite careful detective work, many items have never been recovered.

PHR

detective

noun

investigator

cop slang

gumshoe U.S. slang

private eye

private investigator

sleuth informal

detector

[D.J.:dɪˈtektə]

[K.K.:dɪˈtɛktɚ]

n.

探测器

detector *

detector detectors
A detector is an instrument which is used to discover that something is present somewhere, or to measure how much of something there is.

- ...a metal detector.

- ...fire alarms, smoke detectors, and other warning systems.

N-COUNT: oft n N

detente

[D.J.:deɪˈtɔŋt]

n.

<法,正>(国际紧张关系的)缓和,改善

detente *

detente
Detente is a state of friendly relations between two countries when previously there had been problems between them. (FORMAL)

- ...their desire to pursue a policy of detente...

- They have made the first move towards a detente.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N also d´etente .

detention

[D.J.:dɪˈtenʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈtɛnʃən]

n.

拘留, 扣押

监禁

detention **

1. detention
Detention is when someone is arrested or put into prison, especially for political reasons.

- ...the detention without trial of government critics...

- They have been held in detention since the end of June.

- The government says the detentions are necessary on national security grounds.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. detention detentions
Detention is a punishment for naughty schoolchildren, who are made to stay at school after the other children have gone home.

- The teacher kept the boys in detention after school.

N-VAR

detention

noun

imprisonment

confinement

custody

incarceration

quarantine

detention centre

detention centre detention centres
A detention centre is a sort of prison, for example a place where people who have entered a country illegally are kept while a decision is made about what to do with them.
N-COUNT (AM) detention center

deter

[D.J.:dɪˈtɜ:]

[K.K.:dɪˈtə..]

vt.

阻止;制止

deter **

deter deters deterring deterred
To deter someone from doing something means to make them not want to do it or continue doing it.

- Supporters of the death penalty argue that it would deter criminals from carrying guns.

- Arrests and jail sentences have done nothing to deter the protesters.

- Jeremy was not deterred by this criticism.

VB
= discourage

deter

verb

discourage

dissuade

frighten

inhibit from

intimidate

prevent

put off

stop

talk out of

detergent

[D.J.:diˈtə:dʒənt]

[K.K.:dɪˈtɚdʒənt]

n.

洗涤剂

detergent *

detergent detergents
Detergent is a chemical substance, usually in the form of a powder or liquid, which is used for washing things such as clothes or dishes.
N-MASS

detergent

noun

cleaner

cleanser

deteriorate

[D.J.:diˈtiəriəreit]

[K.K.:dɪˈtɪriəˌret]

vi.

恶化, 变坏

deterioration

[D.J.:dɪˌtɪrɪəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˌtɪrɪəˈreʃən]

n.

恶化,变坏;退化;堕落

deteriorate **

1. deteriorate deteriorates deteriorating deteriorated
If something deteriorates , it becomes worse in some way.

- There are fears that the situation might deteriorate into full-scale war.

- The weather conditions are deteriorating.

- Grant's health steadily deteriorated.

VB
≠ improve

2. deterioration

- ...concern about the rapid deterioration in relations between the two countries.

- ...the slow steady deterioration of a patient with Alzheimer's disease.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ improvement

deteriorate

verb

decline

degenerate

go downhill informal

lower

slump

worsen

determinant

[D.J.:diˈtə:minənt]

[K.K.:dɪˈtɚmənənt]

n.

决定物; 决定因素

adj.

决定物的; 决定因素的

determinant *

determinant determinants
A determinant of something causes it to be of a particular kind or to happen in a particular way. (FORMAL)

- The windows and the views beyond them are major determinants of a room's character.

- ...the types of determinants that are likely to influence trade in a specific industry.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

determinate

[D.J.:diˈtə:minit]

[K.K.:dɪˈtɚmənɪt]

adj.

限定的, 确定的

determinate

determinate
Determinate means fixed and definite. (FORMAL)

- ...a contract for the exclusive possession of land for some determinate period.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ indeterminate

determination

[D.J.:diˌtə:miˈneiʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˌtɚməˈneʃən]

n.

决心; 决定

确定, 测定

determine

[D.J.:diˈtə:min]

[K.K.:dɪˈtɚmɪn]

vt. & vi.

(使)下决心, (使)做出决定

vt.

确定, 测定

限定; 制定; 支配

determined

[D.J.:dɪˈtɜ:mɪnd]

[K.K.:dɪˈtə..mɪnd]

adj.

坚定的,坚决的,决意的

determinedly

adv.

坚定地,坚决地,决意地

determinedness

n.

坚定,坚决,决意

determinedly

adv.

决然地,断然地

determining

决定

determination **

determination
Determination is the quality that you show when you have decided to do something and you will not let anything stop you.

- Everyone concerned acted with great courage and determination.

- He reaffirmed their determination to tackle inflation.

- His cooking reflects a determination to acknowledge his northern roots.

- There was an expression of fierce determination on her face.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to-inf

determine ****

1. determine determines determining determined
If a particular factor determines the nature of a thing or event, it causes it to be of a particular kind. (FORMAL)

- The size of the chicken pieces will determine the cooking time.

- Social status is largely determined by the occupation of the main breadwinner.

- What determines whether you are a career success or a failure?

VB
= decide dictate

2. determination

- ...the gene which is responsible for male sex determination.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

3. determine determines determining determined
To determine a fact means to discover it as a result of investigation. (FORMAL)

- The investigation will determine what really happened.

- Experts say testing needs to be done on each contaminant to determine the long-term effects on humans.

- The best science can do is determine that a risk is so small that it's not worth worrying about.

VB
= find out

4. determine determines determining determined
If you determine something, you decide it or settle it.

- The Baltic people have a right to determine their own future.

- The final wording had not yet been determined.

- My aim was first of all to determine what I should do next.

VB

5. determination determinations

- We must take into our own hands the determination of our future.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the N of n

6. determine determines determining determined
If you determine to do something, you make a firm decision to do it. (FORMAL)

- He determined to rescue his two countrymen.

- I determined that I would ask him outright.

VB

determined ***

1. determined
If you are determined to do something, you have made a firm decision to do it and will not let anything stop you.

- His enemies are determined to ruin him.

- She is a remarkably adroit and determined politician.

- He made determined efforts to overcome the scandal.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf

2. determinedly

- She shook her head, determinedly.

ADV-GRADED
= resolutely

determination

noun

tenacity

dedication

doggedness

fortitude

perseverance

persistence

resolve

single-mindedness

steadfastness

willpower

determine

verb

1.

settle

conclude

decide

end

finish

ordain

regulate

2.

find out

ascertain

detect

discover

learn

verify

work out

3.

decide

choose

elect

make up one's mind

resolve

determined

adjective

resolute

dogged

firm

intent

persevering

persistent

single-minded

steadfast

tenacious

unwavering

determiner

[D.J.:dɪˈtɜ:mənə]

[K.K.:dɪˈtə..mənɚ]

n.

<语言>限定词

determiner

determiner determiners
In grammar, a determiner is a word which is used at the beginning of a noun group to indicate, for example, which thing you are referring to or whether you are referring to one thing or several. Common English determiners are `a', `the', `some', `this', and `each'.
N-COUNT

determinism

[D.J.:diˈtə:minizəm]

[K.K.:dɪˈtɚməˌnɪzəm]

n.

决定论

determinism

determinism
Determinism is the belief that all actions and events result from other actions, events, or situations, so people cannot in fact choose what to do. (FORMAL)

- I don't believe in historical determinism.

N-UNCOUNT: oft adj N

determinist

[diˈtə:minist]

n.

决定论者

determinist

1. determinist determinists
A determinist is someone who believes in determinism. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. determinist
Determinist ideas are based on determinism. (FORMAL)

- The determinist doctrines in question maintained that certain people were born to be slaves, by their very nature.

ADJ

deterministic

[diˌtə:miˈnistik]

adj.

确定性的

deterministic

1. deterministic
Deterministic ideas or explanations are based on determinism. (FORMAL)

- ...a deterministic view of human progress.

ADJ-GRADED

2. deterministic
Deterministic forces and factors cause things to happen in a way that cannot be changed. (FORMAL)

- The rise or decline of the United States is not a function of deterministic forces.

ADJ

deterrence

[D.J.:diˈterəns]

[K.K.:dɪˈtɚrəns, -ˈtʌr-]

n.

威慑; 制止; 防止

deterrence *

deterrence
Deterrence is the prevention of something, especially war or crime, by having something such as weapons or punishment to use as a threat.

- ...policies of nuclear deterrence.

N-UNCOUNT

deterrent

[D.J.:dɪˈtɜ:rənt, -ˈtʌr-]

[K.K.:dɪˈtə..rənt, -ˈtʌr-]

n.

制止物

deterrently

adv.

制止地

deterrent *

1. deterrent deterrents
A deterrent is something that prevents people from doing something by making them afraid of what will happen to them if they do it.

- They seriously believe that capital punishment is a deterrent.

- The tough new law should act as a deterrent.

N-COUNT

2. deterrent deterrents
A deterrent is a weapon or set of weapons designed to prevent enemies from attacking by making them afraid to do so.

- The idea of building a nuclear deterrent is completely off the political agenda.

N-COUNT

3. deterrent
If something has a deterrent effect, it has the effect of preventing people from doing certain things.

- Hopefully, that will have a deterrent effect on drug syndicates in the future.

- ...his belief in the deterrent value of capital punishment.

ADJ: ADJ n

deterrent

noun

discouragement

check

curb

disincentive

hindrance

impediment

obstacle

restraint

detest

[D.J.:dɪˈtest]

[K.K.:dɪˈtɛst]

vt.

憎恶, 嫌恶, 痛恨

detestation

[D.J.:diˌtesˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌditɛˈsteʃən]

n.

憎恶,厌恶的人,嫌恶

detest *

1. detest detests detesting detested
If you detest someone or something, you dislike them very much.

- My mother detested him.

- Jean detested being photographed.

VB
= loathe

2. detestation

- They were united in their detestation of the government.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

detest

verb

hate

abhor

abominate

despise

dislike intensely

loathe

recoil from

detestable

[D.J.:diˈtestəb(ə)l]

[K.K.:dɪˈtɛstəbəl]

adj.

嫌恶的,可厌恶的,可憎的

detestable

detestable
If you say that someone or something is detestable , you mean you dislike them very much. (FORMAL)

- I find their views detestable.

ADJ-GRADED
= despicable repugnant

dethrone

[D.J.:diˈθrəun]

[K.K.:diˈθron]

vt.

废黜,废位赶出

dethrone

dethrone dethrones dethroning dethroned
If a king, queen, or other powerful person is dethroned , they are removed from their position of power.

- He was dethroned and went into exile.

VB: usu passive
= depose

detonate

[D.J.:ˈdetnˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈdɛtn..ˌet]

vt. & vi.

(使)爆炸, 引爆

detonate *

detonate detonates detonating detonated
If someone detonates a device such as a bomb, or if it detonates , it explodes.

- ...the terrorists who planted and detonated the bomb...

- An explosive device detonated on the roof of the building late last night.

V-ERG

detonate

verb

explode

blast

blow up

discharge

set off

trigger

detonation

[D.J.:ˌdetnˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɛtn..ˈeʃən]

n.

爆炸 (声)

detonation

1. detonation detonations
A detonation is a large or powerful explosion. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. detonation
Detonation is the action of causing a device such as a bomb to explode. (FORMAL)

- ...accidental detonation of nuclear weapons.

N-UNCOUNT

detonator

[D.J.:ˈdetnˌeɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈdɛtn..ˌetɚ]

n.

引爆装置,雷管,起爆管

detonator

detonator detonators
A detonator is a small amount of explosive or a piece of electrical or electronic equipment which is used to explode a bomb or other explosive device.
N-COUNT

detour

[D.J.:ˈdi:tuə]

[K.K.:ˈdiˌtʊr, dɪˈtʊr]

n.

绕行的路

绕道; 兜圈子

vt.

绕道

detour *

1. detour detours
If you make a detour on a journey, you go by a route which is not the shortest way, because you want to avoid something such as a traffic jam, or because there is something you want to do on the way.

- He did not take the direct route to his home, but made a detour around the outskirts of the city.

N-COUNT

2. detour detours
A detour is a special route for traffic to follow when the normal route is blocked, for example because it is being repaired. (AM; in BRIT use diversion )
N-COUNT

3. detour detours detouring detoured
If you detour , you make a detour.

- On the way back, Jarvis detoured to check the time of services at the church.

VB

detour

noun

diversion

bypass

indirect course

roundabout way

detox

[D.J.:di:ˈtɔks]

[K.K.:diˈtɑks]

vt.

使戒去毒瘾(或酒瘾)

adj.

用以解毒的,用以去毒的

n.

戒瘾诊所,戒瘾病房

detox *

detox
Detox is the same as detoxification .

- Each patient sees a detox therapist who does the initial assessment.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

detoxification

[D.J.:di:ˌtɔksifiˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:diˌtɑksəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

戒毒

去毒, 消毒

detoxification

detoxification
Detoxification is treatment given to people who are addicted to drugs or alcohol in order to stop them being addicted.
N-UNCOUNT

detoxify

[D.J.:di:ˈtɔksiˌfai]

[K.K.:diˈtɑksəˌfaɪ]

vt.

使解毒

detoxify

1. detoxify detoxifies detoxifying detoxified
To detoxify something means to remove all the poisonous or harmful substances from it.

- Seaweed baths can help to detoxify the body.

VB

2. detoxify detoxifies detoxifying detoxified
To detoxify a poisonous substance means to change it chemically so that it is no longer poisonous.

- Vitamin C helps to detoxify pollutants in the body.

VB

detract

[D.J.:dɪˈtrækt]

[K.K.:dɪˈtrækt]

vi.

毁损, 贬低, 减损

detract *

detract detracts detracting detracted
If one thing detracts from another, it makes it seem less good or impressive.

- They feared that the publicity surrounding him would detract from their own election campaigns.

VB

detract

verb

lessen

devaluate

diminish

lower

reduce

take away from

detractor

[D.J.:dɪˈtræktə]

n.

诋毁者,贬低者

detriment

[D.J.:ˈdetrəmənt]

[K.K.:ˈdɛtrəmənt]

n.

损害, 伤害

造成损害的事物

detractor *

1. detractor detractors
The detractors of a person or thing are people who criticize that person or thing. (JOURNALISM)

- This performance will silence many of his detractors.

- The news will have delighted detractors of the scheme.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with poss
= critic

2. detriment
If something happens to the detriment of something or to a person's detriment , it causes harm or damage to them. (FORMAL)

- These tests will give too much importance to written exams to the detriment of other skills.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR

3. detriment
If something happens without detriment to a person or thing, it does not harm or damage them. (FORMAL)

- These difficulties have been overcome without detriment to performance.

PHR: PHR n

detriment

noun

damage

disadvantage

disservice

harm

hurt

impairment

injury

loss

detrimental

[D.J.:ˌdetriˈmentl]

[K.K.:ˌdɛtrəˈmɛntl]

adj.

有害的, 不利的

detrimental *

detrimental
Something that is detrimental to something else has a harmful or damaging effect on it.

- Many foods are suspected of being detrimental to health because of the chemicals and additives they contain.

- The government's policy of high interest rates is having a detrimental effect on industry.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

detrimental

adjective

damaging

adverse

deleterious

destructive

disadvantageous

harmful

prejudicial

unfavourable

detritus

[D.J.:dɪˈtraɪtəs]

[K.K.:dɪˈtraɪtəs]

n.

(侵蚀形成的)岩屑,碎石；瓦砾；风化物

detritus

detritus
Detritus is the small pieces of rubbish that remain after an event has finished or when something has been used. (FORMAL)

- ...burnt-out buildings, littered with the detritus of war.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

deuce

[D.J.:dju:s]

[K.K.:dus, djus]

n.

两点,平分,平手

deuce

deuce
Deuce is the score in a game of tennis when both players have forty points. One player has to win two points one after the other to win the game.
N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

devaluation

[ˌdi:væljuˈeiʃən]

n.

(货币)贬值

devalue

[D.J.:di:ˈvælju:]

[K.K.:diˈvælju]

vt.

使(货币)贬值

降低(某事物)的价值;贬低

devalue **

1. devalue devalues devaluing devalued
To devalue something means to cause it to be thought less impressive or less deserving of respect.

- They spread tales about her in an attempt to devalue her work.

- Wabel's victory was in no way devalued by the absence of series leader Tom Fisher.

VB

2. devalued

- Selling tickets for a devalued championship is becoming increasingly difficult.

- The child will be able to accept punishment without feeling devalued and worthless.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. devalue devalues devaluing devalued
To devalue the currency of a country means to reduce its value in relation to other currencies.

- India has devalued the Rupee by about eleven per cent.

- The Pound would be devalued, we were told.

- Economic theory suggests that the devalued pound will boost the economy.

VB

4. devaluation devaluations

- It will lead to devaluation of a number of European currencies.

- There were massive devaluations of several currencies.

N-VAR

devastate

[D.J.:ˈdevəˌsteɪt]

[K.K.:ˈdɛvəˌstet]

vt.

毁坏;使荒芜

在感情上(精神上、财务上等)压垮

devastating

[ˈdevəsteitiŋ]

adj.

毁灭性的

很好的, 引人注目的

devastatingly

adv.

破坏性地,讥讽地

devastate *

devastate devastates devastating devastated
If something devastates an area or a place, it damages it very badly or destroys it totally.

- A few days before, a fire had devastated large parts of Windsor Castle.

VB
= ravage wreck

devastated *

devastated
If you are devastated by something, you are very shocked and upset by it.

- Bishop Daly said he was devastated by news of the Cardinal's death.

- Teresa was devastated, her dreams shattered.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

devastating **

1. devastating
If you describe something as devastating , you are emphasizing that it is very harmful or damaging.

- The city of Ormac took the full force of the winds and devastating floods.

- Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis

2. devastating
You can use devastating to emphasize that something is very shocking, upsetting, or terrible.

- The diagnosis was devastating. She had cancer.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis

3. devastating
You can use devastating to emphasize that something or someone is very impressive.

- He returned to his best with a devastating display of galloping and jumping.

- I was devastating, if I do say so myself.

ADJ emphasis

4. devastatingly

- Its advertising is devastatingly successful.

- She was charming and devastatingly beautiful too.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/-ed

devastate

verb

destroy

demolish

lay waste

level

ravage

raze

ruin

sack

wreck

devastating

adjective

overwhelming

cutting

overpowering

savage

trenchant

vitriolic

withering

devastation

[D.J.:ˌdevəsˈteɪʃɵn]

n.

毁灭;破坏

devastation *

devastation
Devastation is severe and widespread destruction or damage.

- A huge bomb blast brought chaos and devastation to the centre of Belfast yesterday.

N-UNCOUNT

devastation

noun

destruction

demolition

desolation

havoc

ruin

develop

[D.J.:diˈveləp]

[K.K.:dɪˈvɛləp]

vt. & vi.

开发, 发展

(使)成长, (使)发育, (使)发达

vt.

(照相)冲洗, 显影

developed

[D.J.:dɪˈveləpt]

[K.K.:dɪˈvɛləpt]

adj.

先进的,发达的,成熟的

(指国家、地区等)经济发达的

developing

[D.J.:dɪˈveləpɪŋ]

[K.K.:dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ]

adj.

在进行中的;走向完成阶段的;走向成熟的

发展中的

develop *****

1. develop develops developing developed
When something develops , it grows or changes over a period of time and usually becomes more advanced, complete, or severe.

- As children develop, some of the most important things they learn have to do with their sense of self.

- It's hard to say at this stage how the market will develop.

- These clashes could develop into open warfare.

- ...as society begins to have an impact on the developing child.

VB

2. developed

- Their bodies were well-developed and super fit.

ADJ-GRADED

3. develop develops developing developed
If a problem or difficulty develops , it begins to occur.

- A huge row has developed about the pollution emanating from a chemical plant.

- ...blood clots in his lungs, a problem which developed from a leg injury.

VB
= arise

4. develop develops developing developed
If you say that a country develops , you mean that it changes from being a poor agricultural country to being a rich industrial country.

- All countries, it was predicted, would develop and develop fast.

VB
= progress

5. develop develops developing developed
If you develop a business or industry, or if it develops , it becomes bigger and more successful.

- An amateur hat-maker has won a scholarship to pursue her dreams of developing her own business.

- Over the last few years tourism has developed considerably on the attractive neighbouring beaches.

V-ERG
= build expand

6. developed

- Housing finance is less developed and less competitive in continental Europe.

ADJ-GRADED

7. develop develops developing developed
To develop land or property means to make it more profitable, by building houses or factories or by improving the existing buildings.

- European entrepreneurs developed fashionable restaurants, bars and discotheques in the area.

- ...the cost of acquiring or developing property.

VB
= improve

8. developed

- Developed land was to grow from 5.3% to 6.9%.

ADJ-GRADED

9. develop develops developing developed
If you develop a habit, reputation, or belief, you start to have it and it then becomes stronger or more noticeable.

- She later developed a taste for expensive nightclubs.

- Mr Robinson has developed the reputation of a ruthless cost-cutter.

VB
= acquire

10. develop develops developing developed
If you develop a skill, quality, or relationship, or if it develops , it becomes better or stronger.

- Now you have a good opportunity to develop a greater understanding of each other.

- ...weekly workshops that are designed to develop acting and theatre skills...

- We must develop closer ties with Germany.

- Their friendship developed through their shared interest in the Arts.

V-ERG

11. developed

- ...a highly developed instinct for self-preservation.

ADJ-GRADED

12. develop develops developing developed
If you develop an illness, or if it develops , you become affected by it.

- The test should identify which smokers are most prone to develop lung cancer.

- A sharp ache developed in her back muscles.

V-ERG

13. develop develops developing developed
If a piece of equipment develops a fault, it starts to have the fault.

- The aircraft made an unscheduled landing at Gatwick after developing an electrical fault.

VB

14. develop develops developing developed
If someone develops a new product, they design it and produce it.

- He claims that several countries have developed nuclear weapons secretly.

- ...a computer system specially developed for the Coastguard service.

VB

15. develop develops developing developed
If you develop an idea, theory, story, or theme, or if it develops , it gradually becomes more detailed, advanced, or complex.

- I would like to thank them for allowing me to develop their original idea.

- This point is developed further at the end of this chapter.

- My question was why theory develops, and why theories of a particular type develop when they do.

V-ERG

16. develop develops developing developed
To develop photographs means to make negatives or prints from a photographic film.

- ...after developing one roll of film.

VB

developed **

developed
If you talk about developed countries or the developed world, you mean the countries or the parts of the world that are wealthy and have many industries.

- The developed nations have to recognize the growing gap between rich and poor around the world.

- This scarcity is inevitable in less developed countries.

ADJ-GRADED

developing **

developing
If you talk about developing countries or the developing world, you mean the countries or the parts of the world that are poor and have few industries.

- In the developing world cigarette consumption is increasing.

ADJ: ADJ n

develop

verb

1.

advance

evolve

flourish

grow

mature

progress

prosper

ripen

2.

form

breed

establish

generate

invent

originate

3.

expand

amplify

augment

broaden

elaborate

enlarge

unfold

work out

developer

[D.J.:diˈveləpə]

n.

开发者

显影剂

developer **

1. developer developers
A developer is a person or a company that buys land and builds houses, offices, shops, or factories on it, or buys existing buildings and makes them more modern.

- ...common land which would have a high commercial value if sold to developers.

- ...a corrupt, self-made property developer.

N-COUNT

2. developer developers
A developer is someone who develops something such as an idea, a design, or a product.

- John Bardeen was also co-developer of the theory of superconductivity.

- ...a software developer.

N-COUNT: with supp

3. developer
Developer is a chemical used for developing photographs or films.
N-UNCOUNT

development

[D.J.:diˈveləpmənt]

[K.K.:dɪˈvɛləpmənt]

n.

发展, 生长

新阶段, 新事态; 新产品, 新发明

新开发地

development *****

1. development
Development is the gradual growth or formation of something.

- ...an ideal system for studying the development of the embryo...

- First he surveys Islam's development.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, oft N of n

2. development
Development is the growth of something such as a business or an industry.

- We want Britain to play a leading part in the further political, economic and monetary development of the European Community.

- What are your plans for the development of your company?

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, oft N of n

3. development developments
Development is the process or result of making a basic design gradually better and more advanced.

- It is spending $850m on research and development to get to the market place as soon as possible with faster microprocessors.

- ...the development of new and innovative telephone services.

N-VAR

4. development
Development is the process of making an area of land or water more useful or profitable.

- The talks will focus on economic development of the region.

- ...the fostering of development in the rural areas...

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

5. development developments
A development is an event or incident which has recently happened and is likely to have an effect on the present situation.

- The police spokesman said: `We believe there has been a significant development in the case.'

- ...the latest developments in Moscow...

- What do you think today's developments will mean for him?

N-COUNT

6. development developments
A development is an area of houses or buildings which have been built by property developers.
N-COUNT

development

noun

1.

growth

advance

evolution

expansion

improvement

increase

progress

spread

2.

event

happening

incident

occurrence

result

turn of events

upshot

developmental

[diˌveləpˈmentəl]

adj.

发展的

developmental *

developmental
Developmental means relating to the development of someone or something.

- ...the emotional, educational, and developmental needs of the child.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

development bank

development bank development banks
A development bank is a bank that provides money for projects in poor countries or areas.

- ...the Asian development bank.

N-COUNT

deviance

[D.J.:ˈdi:vɪəns]

[K.K.:ˈdivɪəns]

n.

偏常,异常;异常行为

deviant

[D.J.:ˈdi:vi:ənt]

[K.K.:ˈdiviənt]

n.

不正常的人,异常的人

adj.

不正常的,异常的

deviant *

1. deviant
Deviant behaviour or thinking is different from what people normally consider to be acceptable.

- ...the social reactions to deviant and criminal behaviour...

- Of course, not all alcoholics and drug abusers produce deviant offspring.

ADJ-GRADED

2. deviance

- ...sexual deviance, including the abuse of children.

N-UNCOUNT

3. deviant deviants
A deviant is someone whose behaviour or beliefs are different from what people normally consider to be acceptable.
N-COUNT

deviant

adjective

1.

perverted

kinky slang

sick informal

twisted

warped

noun

2.

pervert

freak

misfit

deviate

[D.J.:ˈdi:vieit]

[K.K.:ˈdiviˌet]

vi.

偏离; 越轨

deviate

deviate deviates deviating deviated
To deviate from something means to start doing something different or not planned, especially in a way that causes problems for others.

- They stopped you as soon as you deviated from the script.

- He planned his schedule far in advance, and he didn't deviate from it.

- From very early on he believed a military revolution was necessary and he has never deviated from that ideological path.

VB disapproval

deviate

verb

differ

depart

diverge

stray

swerve

veer

wander

deviation

[D.J.:ˌdi:vi:ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdiviˈeʃən]

n.

背离,偏离

离经叛道的行为

deviation *

1. deviation deviations
Deviation means doing something that is different from what people consider to be normal or acceptable.

- Deviation from the norm is not tolerated.

- ...sexual deviation...

- To abstain from meat was a serious deviation.

N-VAR: oft N from n

2. deviation deviations
In statistics, deviation is the difference between the value of one number in a series of numbers and the average value of all the numbers in the series.

- A 10 to 15 percent deviation is considered acceptable.

N-VAR

deviation

noun

departure

digression

discrepancy

disparity

divergence

inconsistency

irregularity

shift

variation

device

[D.J.:diˈvais]

[K.K.:dɪˈvaɪs]

n.

装置, 设备, 器具

手段, 策略

device ***

1. device devices
A device is an object that has been invented for a particular purpose, for example for recording or measuring something.

- ...the electronic device that tells the starter when an athlete has moved from his blocks prematurely.

- ...a device that could measure minute quantities of matter...

- We believe that an explosive device had been left inside a container.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. device devices
A device is a method of achieving something.

- They claim that military spending is used as a device for managing the economy.

- ...the literary device of the metaphor.

N-COUNT

3. device
If you leave someone to their own devices , you leave them alone to do as they wish.

- Left to his own devices, Osborn is a fluent -- and often original -- guitarist.

PHR: V inflects

device

noun

1.

gadget

apparatus

appliance

contraption

implement

instrument

machine

tool

2.

ploy

gambit

manoeuvre

plan

scheme

stratagem

trick

wile

devil

[D.J.:ˈdevl]

[K.K.:ˈdɛvəl]

n.

魔鬼

家伙, 人

devil **

1. devil
In Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, the Devil is the most powerful evil spirit.
N-PROPER: the N
= Satan

2. devil devils
A devil is an evil spirit.

- ...the idea of angels with wings and devils with horns and hoofs.

N-COUNT
= demon

3. devil devils
You can use devil to emphasize the way you feel about someone. For example, if you call someone a poor devil , you are saying that you feel sorry for them. You can call someone you are fond of but who sometimes annoys or irritates you an old devil or a little devil . (INFORMAL)

- I felt sorry for Blake, poor devil.

- Manfred, you're a suspicious old devil.

- Susie, you're a determined little devil.

N-COUNT feelings

4. devil devils
If you refer to someone as a devil , you mean that they do not behave very well but you like them and are not angry with them. (INFORMAL)

- `I think he was a bit of a devil,' Constance said.

N-COUNT

5. devil
Devil can be used to emphasize what you think about someone or something. For example, if you say that someone is a devil of a nuisance, you mean that they are very annoying. If you say that something is a devil of a problem, you mean that it is a very difficult problem.

- He was always a devil of a nuisance.

- It's a devil of a tricky problem,isn't it?

PHR: v-link PHR n emphasis

6. devil
If you say better the devil you know or better the devil you know than the devil you don't know , you mean that you would prefer to have contact with or do business with a person you already know, even though you don't like them, than with a person you don't know. (mainly BRIT)
PHR

7. devil
If you say that you had the devil's own job to do something or that you had a devil of a job doing something, you are emphasizing that it was difficult to do it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- We had the devil's own job to persuade him to take part.

PHR: V inflects, PHR to-inf, PHR -ing emphasis

8. devil
If you say that someone does something like the devil , you are emphasizing that they put a lot of effort into it. If you say that someone drives like the devil , you are emphasizing that they drive very fast.

- He drives himself on, working like the devil from seven in the morning until midnight.

- He must have driven like the devil.

PHR emphasis

9. devil
You can say the devil take the hindmost to describe or comment on a situation you disapprove of because people do only what is best for themselves without thinking about other people.

- Every one for himself and the devil take the hindmost.

PHR disapproval

10. devil
If you say that you are between the devil and the deep blue sea , you mean that you are in a difficult situation where you have to choose between two equally unpleasant courses of action.
PHR: v-link PHR

11. devil
If you say that someone has sold their soul to the devil , you mean that you disapprove of them because they have done something that you think is not right in order to get what they want.
PHR: V inflects disapproval

12. devil
People say speak of the devil , or in British English talk of the devil , if someone they have just been talking about appears unexpectedly.

- Well, talk of the devil!

PHR

13. devil
When you want to emphasize how annoyed or surprised you are, you can use an expression such as what the devil , how the devil, or why the devil . (INFORMAL)

- `What the devil's the matter?'.

- Tim wondered how the devil they had managed it.

- `Why the devil did you do that?'

PHR emphasis

devil

noun

the Devil

1.

Satan

Beelzebub

Evil One

Lucifer

Mephistopheles

Old Nick informal

Prince of Darkness

2.

brute

beast

demon

fiend

monster

ogre

terror

3.

scamp

rascal

rogue

scoundrel

4.

person

beggar

creature

thing

wretch

devilish

[D.J.:ˈdevliʃ]

[K.K.:ˈdɛvəlɪʃ]

adj.

如恶魔般的,精力旺盛的

devilishly

adv.

过分地,厉害地

devilish

1. devilish
A devilish idea or action is cruel or unpleasant.

- The Gulf war showed the devilish destructiveness of modern conventional weapons.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= atrocious

2. devilish
You can use devilish to emphasize how extreme or difficult something is.

- ...a devilish puzzle.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis

3. devilish
Also an adverb.

- I'd been devilish lucky.

ADV

4. devilishly

- It is devilishly painful.

ADV-GRADED

devilish

adjective

fiendish

atrocious

damnable

detestable

diabolical

hellish

infernal

satanic

wicked

devil-may-care

[D.J.:ˌdevəlmeɪˈkeə]

[K.K.:ˌdɛvəlmeˈkɛr]

adj.

不顾一切的,漫不经心的,自足的

devil-may-care

devil-may-care
If you say that someone has a devil-may-care attitude, you mean that they seem relaxed and do not seem worried about the consequences of their actions.

- I love Italian food and wine and the devil-may-care attitude of the people.

ADJ: usu ADJ n approval

devil's advocate

devil's advocate
If you play devil's advocate in a discussion or debate, you express an opinion which you may not agree with but which is very different to what other people have been saying, in order to make the argument more interesting.
N-UNCOUNT: also with det

devious

[D.J.:ˈdi:vjəs]

[K.K.:ˈdiviəs]

adj.

迂回的, 曲折的

不光明正大的, 不坦诚的, 狡猾的

devious *

1. devious
If you describe someone as devious you do not like them because you think they are are dishonest and like to keep things secret, often in a complicated way.

- Newman was certainly devious, prepared to say one thing in print and something quite different in private..

- By devious means she tracked down the other woman.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. deviousness

- ...the deviousness of drug traffickers in their attempts to conceal illegal substances.

N-UNCOUNT

3. devious
A devious route or path to a place involves many changes in direction, rather than being as straight and direct as possible. (FORMAL)

- He followed a devious route.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= circuitous indirect

devious

adjective

1.

sly

calculating

deceitful

dishonest

double-dealing

insincere

scheming

surreptitious

underhand

wily

2.

indirect

circuitous

rambling

roundabout

devise

[D.J.:diˈvaiz]

[K.K.:dɪˈvaɪz]

vt.

想出; 计划; 设计; 发明

devise **

devise devises devising devised
If you devise a plan, system, or machine, you have the idea for it and design it.

- We devised a scheme to help him.

- New long-range objectives must be devised.

VB

devise

verb

work out

conceive

construct

contrive

design

dream up

formulate

invent

think up

devoid

[D.J.:dɪˈvɔɪd]

[K.K.:dɪˈvɔɪd]

adj.

缺乏, 没有

devoid *

devoid
If you say that someone or something is devoid of a quality or thing, you are emphasizing that they have none of it. (FORMAL)

- I have never looked on a face that was so devoid of feeling.

- The skies are virtually devoid of birdlife.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of n emphasis
= bereft of

devoid

adjective

lacking

bereft

deficient

destitute

empty

free from

wanting

without

devolution

[D.J.:ˌdevəˈlu:ʃən, ˌdi:və-]

[K.K.:ˌdɛvəˈluʃən, ˌdivə-]

n.

(政府或个人权力的)转移,授权代理

devolution *

devolution
Devolution is the transfer of some authority or power from a central organization or government to smaller organizations or government departments.

- ...the devolution of power to the regions...

- We are talking about devolution for Scotland.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

devolve

[D.J.:dɪˈvɔlv]

[K.K.:dɪˈvɑlv]

vt. & vi.

移交, 转移

devolve on/to/upon

交给下属(或下层、晚辈等)

devolve to

(将工作、职责、权力、责任等)交给下属(或下层等)

devolve *

devolve devolves devolving devolved
If you devolve power, authority, or responsibility to a less powerful person or group, or if it devolves upon them, it is transferred to them.

- ...the need to decentralize and devolve power to regional governments...

- The best companies are those that devolve responsibility as far as they can.

- A larger portion of this cost devolves upon the patient than for most other medical treatments.

V-ERG

devote

[D.J.:diˈvəut]

[K.K.:dɪˈvot]

vt.

把…奉献(给), 把…专用(于)

devoted

[D.J.:dɪˈvəʊtɪd]

[K.K.:dɪˈvotɪd]

adj.

专心的,恩爱的

献身的,非常用心的

devotedly

adv.

专心地,恩爱地

devotedly

adv.

忠实地,一心一意地

devote **

1. devote devotes devoting devoted
If you devote yourself, your time, or your energy to something, you spend all or most of your time or energy on it.

- He decided to devote the rest of his life to scientific investigation.

- Considerable resources have been devoted to proving him a liar.

- She gladly gave up her part-time job to devote herself entirely to her art.

VB
= dedicate

2. devote devotes devoting devoted
If you devote a particular proportion of a piece of writing or a speech to a particular subject, you deal with the subject in that amount of space or time.

- He devoted a major section of his massive report to an analysis of US aircraft design.

- Page upon page is devoted to the chain of events leading to the Prime Minister's resignation.

VB

devoted **

1. devoted
Someone who is devoted to a person loves that person very much.

- ...a loving and devoted husband...

- Today, 50 years on and three children later, the couple are still devoted to one another.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n, v-link ADJ to n

2. devoted
If you are devoted to something, you care about it a lot and are very enthusiastic about it.

- I have personally been devoted to this cause for many years.

- Horace is so devoted to his garden that he hasn't been away for 10 years.

- Joyce Bryt is a devoted Star Trek fan.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n, ADJ n

3. devoted
Something that is devoted to a particular thing deals only with that thing or contains only that thing.

- ...a major touring exhibition devoted to the work of disabled artists.

- ...the original Jane Churchill shop, now devoted to a new range of accessories.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n

devote

verb

dedicate

allot

apply

assign

commit

give

pledge

reserve

set apart

devoted

adjective

dedicated

ardent

committed

constant

devout

faithful

loyal

staunch

steadfast

true

devotee

[D.J.:ˌdevəˈti:, -ˈteɪ]

[K.K.:ˌdɛvəˈti, -ˈte]

n.

热爱者

devotee *

1. devotee devotees
Someone who is a devotee of a subject or activity is very enthusiastic about it.

- Mr Carpenter is obviously a devotee of Britten's music.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n
= fan

2. devotee devotees
A devotee is a member of a religious group.

- Monks shave their heads, as do devotees of the Hare Krishna movement.

N-COUNT

devotee

noun

enthusiast

adherent

admirer

aficionado

buff informal

disciple

fan

fanatic

follower

supporter

devotion

[D.J.:diˈvəuʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈvoʃən]

n.

奉献, 献身, 忠诚

热爱, 挚爱

devotion *

1. devotion
Devotion is great love, affection, or admiration for someone.

- At first she was flattered by his devotion.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N

2. devotion
Devotion is commitment to a particular activity.

- ...devotion to the cause of the people and to socialism...

- I don't mean to keep criticising his devotion to his job.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n
= dedication

3. devotion
Devotion is religious worship or strong religious feeling.

- He was kneeling by his bed in an attitude of devotion.

N-UNCOUNT

devotion

noun

1.

dedication

adherence

allegiance

commitment

constancy

faithfulness

fidelity

loyalty

2.

love

affection

attachment

fondness

passion

3.

devoutness

godliness

holiness

piety

reverence

spirituality

devotions

4.

prayers

church service

divine office

religious observance

devotional

[D.J.:diˈvəuʃənəl]

[K.K.:dɪˈvoʃənəl]

adj.

专心的,献身的,信仰的,虔诚的,祷告的

devotional

devotional
Devotional activities, writings, or objects relate to religious worship.

- ...devotional pictures.

ADJ: ADJ n

devotions

devotions
Someone's devotions are the prayers that they say.

- Normally he performs his devotions twice a day.

N-PLURAL: oft poss N

devour

[D.J.:diˈvauə]

[K.K.:dɪˈvaʊr]

vt.

狼吞虎咽地吃光; 贪婪地读[看, 听]

耗尽, 挥霍掉

devour *

1. devour devours devouring devoured
If a person or animal devours something, they eat it quickly and eagerly.

- A medium-sized dog will devour at least one can of food plus biscuits per day.

- She devoured half an apple pie.

VB

2. devour devours devouring devoured
If you devour a book or magazine, for example, you read it quickly and with great enthusiasm.

- She began buying and devouring newspapers when she was only 12.

VB

devour

verb

1.

eat

consume

gobble

gulp

guzzle

polish off informal

swallow

wolf

2.

destroy

annihilate

consume

ravage

waste

wipe out

3.

enjoy

read compulsively or voraciously

take in

devout

[D.J.:dɪˈvaʊt]

[K.K.:dɪˈvaʊt]

adj.

虔诚的

真诚的;诚恳的

devout *

1. devout
A devout person has deep religious beliefs.

- She was a devout Christian.

- His devout Catholicism appeals to ordinary people.

ADJ-GRADED

2. devout
The devout are people who are devout.

- ...priests instructing the devout.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. devout
If you describe someone as a devout supporter or a devout opponent of something, you mean that they support it enthusiastically or oppose it strongly.

- Devout Marxists believed fascism was the `last stand of the bourgeoisie'.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= passionate committed

devout

adjective

religious

godly

holy

orthodox

pious

prayerful

pure

reverent

saintly

devoutly

[D.J.:dɪˈvaʊtlɪ]

[K.K.:dɪˈvaʊtlɪ]

adv.

虔诚地;虔敬地;衷心地

devoutly

1. devoutly
Devoutly is used to emphasize how sincerely or deeply you hope for something or believe in something. (FORMAL)

- He devoutly hoped it was true.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v emphasis

2. devoutly
Devoutly is used to emphasize how deep someone's religious beliefs are, or to indicate that something is done in a devout way.

- ...in this devoutly Buddhist country.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v emphasis

dew

[D.J.:dju:]

[K.K.:du, dju]

n.

水珠, 露水

dew

dew
Dew is small drops of water that form on the ground and other surfaces outdoors during the night.

- The dew gathered on the leaves.

N-UNCOUNT

dewy

[D.J.:ˈdju:i]

[K.K.:ˈdui, ˈdjui]

adj.

带露水的,露湿的,如露的

dewy

1. dewy
Something that is dewy is wet with dew. (LITERARY)

- The satin slippers tread daintily through the dewy grass.

ADJ-GRADED

2. dewy
If your skin looks dewy , it looks soft and glows healthily.
ADJ-GRADED

dewy-eyed

[D.J.:ˈdju:iaid]

[K.K.:ˈduiˌaɪd, ˈdju-]

adj.

天真的,容易相信的

dewy-eyed

dewy-eyed
If you say that someone is dewy-eyed , you are criticizing them because you think that they are unrealistic and think events and situations are better than they really are.

- I can never understand why people become dewy-eyed and sentimental about the past.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

dexterity

[D.J.:dekˈsterɪti:]

[K.K.:dɛkˈstɛrɪti]

n.

灵巧;熟练;敏捷;聪敏;机敏

惯用右手

dexterity

dexterity
Dexterity is skill in using your hands, or sometimes your mind.

- ...Reid's dexterity on the guitar.

- ...the wit and verbal dexterity of the script.

N-UNCOUNT

dexterity

noun

1.

skill

adroitness

deftness

expertise

finesse

nimbleness

proficiency

touch

2.

cleverness

ability

aptitude

ingenuity

dexterous

[D.J.:ˈdekstərəs, -strəs]

[K.K.:ˈdɛkstərəs, -strəs]

adj.

(身手)灵巧的,敏捷的

dexterously

adv.

dexterously

adv.

巧妙地,敏捷地

dexterous

dexterous
Someone who is dexterous is very skilful and clever with their hands.

- As people grow older they generally become less dexterous and physically slower.

- ...a dextrous blues pianist.

ADJ-GRADED also dextrous .

dextrose

[D.J.:ˈdekstrəus]

[K.K.:ˈdɛkˌstros]

n.

葡萄糖,右旋糖

dextrose

dextrose
Dextrose is a natural form of sugar that is found in fruits, honey, and in the blood of animals.
N-UNCOUNT

diabetes

[D.J.:ˌdaɪəˈbi:tɪs, -ti:z]

[K.K.:ˌdaɪəˈbitɪs, -tiz]

n.

<医>糖尿病

diabetes **

diabetes
Diabetes is a medical condition in which someone has too much sugar in their blood.
N-UNCOUNT

diabetic

[D.J.:ˌdaɪəˈbetɪk]

[K.K.:ˌdaɪəˈbɛtɪk]

n.

糖尿病患者

adj.

糖尿病的

diabetic *

1. diabetic diabetics
A diabetic is a person who suffers from diabetes.

- ...an insulin-dependent diabetic.

N-COUNT

2. diabetic
Also an adjective.

- ...diabetic patients.

ADJ

3. diabetic
Diabetic means relating to diabetes.

- He found her in a diabetic coma.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. diabetic
Diabetic foods are suitable for diabetics.

- ...diabetic jams and marmalades.

ADJ: ADJ n

diabolic

[daiəˈbɔlik]

adj.

魔鬼似的,残忍的

diabolic

1. diabolic
Diabolic is used to describe things that people think are caused by or belong to the Devil. (FORMAL)

- ...the diabolic forces which lurk in all violence.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. diabolic
If you describe something as diabolic , you are emphasizing that it is very bad, extreme, or unpleasant. (mainly AM)

- Pitt's smile returned, and it was hideously diabolic.

ADJ emphasis
= diabolical

diabolical

[D.J.:ˌdaɪəˈbɔlɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌdaɪəˈbɑlɪkəl]

adj.

恶魔的;残忍的

diabolical

1. diabolical
If you describe something as diabolical , you are emphasizing that it is very bad, extreme, or unpleasant. (INFORMAL)

- It was a diabolical error, a schoolboy error.

- The pain was diabolical.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= appalling

2. diabolically

- ...diabolically difficult clues.

ADV

3. diabolical
Diabolical is used to emphasize how evil something is.

- ...sins committed in a spirit of diabolical enjoyment...

- One speaker today called the plan diabolical and sinister.

ADJ: usu ADJ n emphasis

diabolical

adjective Informal

dreadful

abysmal

appalling

atrocious

hellish

outrageous

shocking

terrible

diadem

[D.J.:ˈdaiədem]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪəˌdɛm, -dəm]

n.

王冠,王权,带状头饰

diadem

diadem diadems
A diadem is a small crown with precious stones in it.
N-COUNT

diagnose

[D.J.:ˈdaiəɡnəuz]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪəɡˌnos, -ˌnoz]

vt.

诊断

diagnoses

n.

诊断,评价,调查分析

diagnosis

[D.J.:ˌdaiəɡˈnəusis]

[K.K.:ˌdaɪəɡˈnosɪs]

n.

〈医〉诊断法; 诊断结论

diagnose **

diagnose diagnoses diagnosing diagnosed
If someone or something is diagnosed as having a particular illness or problem, their illness or problem is identified. If an illness or problem is diagnosed , it is identified.

- The soldiers were diagnosed as having flu.

- Susan had a mental breakdown and was diagnosed with schizophrenia.

- In 1894 her illness was diagnosed as cancer.

- He could diagnose an engine problem simply by listening.

- This disorder is easily diagnosed but not so easily treated.

VB

diagnosis **

diagnosis diagnoses
Diagnosis is the discovery and naming of what is wrong with someone who is ill or with something that is not working properly.

- I need to have a second test to confirm the diagnosis.

- Symptoms may not appear for some weeks, so diagnosis can be difficult.

N-VAR

diagnose

verb

identify

analyse

determine

distinguish

interpret

pinpoint

pronounce

recognize

diagnosis

noun

1.

examination

analysis

investigation

scrutiny

2.

opinion

conclusion

interpretation

pronouncement

diagnostic

[D.J.:ˌdaiəɡˈnɔstik]

[K.K.:ˌdaɪəɡˈnɑstɪk]

adj.

诊断的, 判断的

diagnostic *

diagnostic
Diagnostic equipment, methods, or systems are used for discovering what is wrong with people who are ill or with things that do not work properly.

- ...X-rays and other diagnostic tools.

ADJ: ADJ n

diagonal

[D.J.:daɪˈægənəl]

[K.K.:daɪˈæɡənəl]

n.

<数>对角线

斜线

adj.

对角线的

斜线的

diagonally

adv.

对角线地,斜线地

diagonally

[D.J.:daɪˈæ gənəlɪ]

[K.K.:daɪˈæɡənəlɪ]

adv.

斜对地;斜地

diagonal *

1. diagonal
A diagonal line or movement goes in a sloping direction, for example, from one corner of a square across to the opposite corner.

- ...a pattern of diagonal lines.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. diagonally

- Vaulting the stile, he headed diagonally across the paddock.

- In a moment he was seated, diagonally opposite her, brow furrowed.

ADV: ADV with v, oft ADV prep

3. diagonal diagonals
A diagonal is a line that goes in a sloping direction.

- The bedlinen is patterned in stylish checks, stripes, diagonals and triangles.

N-COUNT

4. diagonal diagonals
In geometry, a diagonal is a straight line that joins two opposite corners in a flat four-sided shape such as a square.

- Mark five points an equal distance apart along the diagonals.

N-COUNT

diagonal

adjective

slanting

angled

cross

crossways

crosswise

oblique

diagonally

adverb

aslant

at an angle

cornerwise

crosswise

obliquely

diagram

[D.J.:ˈdaiəɡræm]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪəˌɡræm]

n.

图解, 简图, 图表

diagramming

[ˈdaiəˌɡræmiŋ]

n.

图样,图表

diagram *

1. diagram diagrams
A diagram is a simple drawing which consists mainly of lines and is used, for example, to explain how a machine works.

- ...a circuit diagram...

- Can you reduce some long explanations to simple charts or diagrams?

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. diagram diagrams diagramming diagrammed
To diagram something means to draw a diagram of it or to explain it using a diagram. (mainly AM, FORMAL)

- The sound waves of the voice could be diagramed as in B.

- ...diagramming the movement of a system's variables.

VB (AM) diagraming , diagramed

diagram

noun

plan

chart

drawing

figure

graph

representation

sketch

diagrammatic

[ˌdaiəɡrəˈmætik]

adj.

图表的,概略的

diagrammatic

diagrammatic
Something that is in diagrammatic form is arranged or drawn as a diagram.

- This is the virus in very crude simple diagrammatic form.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

dial

[D.J.:ˈdaiəl]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪəl]

n.

钟(表)面; 标度盘; 拨号盘

vt. & vi.

打电话, 拨电话号码

dial.

dialect(al) 方言的

dialling

[ˈdaiəliŋ]

n.

〈主英〉(电话)拨号音

dial **

1. dial dials
A dial is the part of a machine or instrument such as a clock or watch which shows you the time or a measurement that has been recorded.

- The luminous dial on the clock showed five minutes to seven.

- The dials of most barometers are inscribed with weather terms.

N-COUNT

2. dial dials
A dial is a control on a device or piece of equipment which you can move in order to adjust the setting, for example to select or change the frequency on a radio or the temperature of a heater.

- He turned the dial on the radio.

- The heat dial was set at 150 degrees.

N-COUNT

3. dial dials
On some telephones, especially older ones, the dial is the disc on the front that you turn with your finger to choose the number that you want to call. The disc has holes in it, and numbers or letters behind the holes.

- ...turning the dial on the phone.

N-COUNT

4. dial dials dialling dialled
If you dial or if you dial a number, you turn the dial or press the buttons on a telephone in order to phone someone.

- He lifted the phone and dialled her number.

- He dialled, and spoke briefly to the duty officer.

VB (AM) dialing , dialed

dialect

[D.J.:ˈdaiəlekt]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪəˌlɛkt]

n.

方言, 土语

dialect *

dialect dialects
A dialect is a form of a language that is spoken in a particular area.

- In Italy in the fifties, the number of Italians who spoke only local dialect was enormous.

- They began to speak rapidly in dialect.

N-COUNT: also in N

dialect

noun

language

brogue

idiom

jargon

patois

provincialism

speech

vernacular

dialectic

[D.J.:ˌdaiəˈlektik]

[K.K.:ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪk]

adj.

辩证的

dialectics

[ˌdaiəˈlektiks]

n.

辩证法

dialectic

1. dialectic dialectics
People refer to the dialectic or dialectics of a situation when they are referring to the way in which two very different forces or factors work together, and the way in which their differences are resolved. (FORMAL or TECHNICAL)

- ...the intricate dialectic of these two contrasting concepts.

- ...the dialectics of class struggle and of socio-economic change.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft the N of/between n

2. dialectic
In philosophy, dialectics is a method of reasoning and reaching conclusions by considering theories and ideas together with ones that contradict them. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

dialectical

[ˌdaiəˈlektikəl]

adj.

方言的,辩证的

dialectical

dialectical
In philosophy, Dialectical is used to describe situations, theories, and methods which depend on resolving opposing factors.

- The essence of dialectical thought is division.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

dialling code

dialling code dialling codes
A dialling code for a particular city or region is the series of numbers that you have to dial before a particular telephone number if you are making a call to that place from a different area. (mainly BRIT; in AM use area code )
N-COUNT

dialling tone

dialling tone dialling tones
The dialling tone is the noise which you hear when you pick up a telephone receiver and which means that you can dial the number you want. (BRIT; in AM use dial tone )
N-COUNT

dialog box

dialog box dialog boxes
A dialog box is a small area containing information or questions that appears on a computer screen when you are performing particular operations.
N-COUNT

dialogue

[D.J.:ˈdaiəlɔɡ]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪəˌlɔɡ, -ˌlɑɡ]

n.

对话

(文学、戏剧、电影等中的)对话, 对白

意见分歧者之间的意见交换

dialogue ***

1. dialogue dialogues
Dialogue is communication or discussion between people or groups of people such as governments or political parties.

- People of all social standings should be given equal opportunities for dialogue.

- They have begun dialogues to promote better understanding between both communities.

- She came back and tried to start a dialogue with the man.

N-VAR (AM) also dialog

2. dialogue dialogues
A dialogue is a conversation between two people in a book, film, or play.

- Although the dialogue is sharp, the actors move rather too awkwardly around the stage.

- He is a very deft novelist too, with a superb ear for dialogue.

- ...Shakespeare's dialogues.

N-VAR (AM) also dialog

dialogue

noun

conversation

communication

conference

discourse

discussion

dial tone

dial tone dial tones
The dial tone is the same as the dialling tone . (AM)
N-COUNT

dialysis

[D.J.:daiˈælisis]

[K.K.:daɪˈælɪsɪs]

n.

透析,分离

dialysis

dialysis
Dialysis or kidney dialysis is a method of treating kidney failure by using a machine to remove waste material from the kidneys.

- I was on dialysis for seven years before my first transplant.

N-UNCOUNT

diamante

[D.J.:diəˈmɑtei]

[K.K.:ˌdiəmɑnˈte]

adj.

镶人造钻石的,镶人造钻石装饰的

n.

镶人造钻石,镶人造钻石装饰

diamante

diamante
Diamante jewellery is made from small pieces of cut glass which look like diamonds.

- ...diamante earrings.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also diamant´e .

diameter

[D.J.:daiˈæmitə]

[K.K.:daɪˈæmɪtɚ]

n.

直径

放大率

diameter **

diameter diameters
The diameter of a round object is the length of a straight line that can be drawn across it, passing through the middle of it.

- ...a tube less than a fifth of the diameter of a human hair.

- ...a length of 22-mm diameter steel pipe.

- ...a tiny capsule, between 1 and 3 millimetres in diameter.

N-COUNT: also in N

diametrically

[ˌdaiəˈmetrikəli]

adv.

作为直径地,直接地

diametrically

diametrically
If you say that two things are diametrically opposed, you are emphasizing that they are completely different from each other.

- They came to conclusions diametrically opposed to ours.

- The economic crisis was interpreted in diametrically opposing ways.

ADV: ADV adj emphasis

diamond

[D.J.:ˈdaiəmənd]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪəmənd, ˈdaɪmənd]

n.

金刚钻, 钻石

〈数〉菱形

方块牌

diamonds

菱形孔型;钻石形激波图

diamond **

1. diamond diamonds
A diamond is a hard, bright, precious stone which is clear and colourless. Diamonds are used in jewellery and for cutting very hard substances.

- ...a pair of diamond earrings.

- ...a sphere made of diamond without impurity or flaw.

N-VAR

2. diamond diamonds
Diamonds are jewellery such as necklaces and rings which have diamonds set into them.

- Nicole loves wearing her diamonds, even with jeans and a white T-shirt.

N-PLURAL

3. diamond diamonds
A diamond is a shape with four straight sides of equal length where the opposite angles are the same, but none of the angles is equal to 90°: ♦.

- ...forming his hands into the shape of a diamond.

N-COUNT

4. diamond
Diamonds is one of the four suits of cards in a pack of playing cards. Each card in the suit is marked with one or more red symbols in the shape of a diamond.

- He drew the seven of diamonds.

N-UNCOUNT-COLL

5. diamond diamonds
A diamond is a playing card of this suit.
N-COUNT

6. diamond diamonds
In baseball, the diamond is the diamond-shaped area of the playing field between the four bases.
N-COUNT

diamond jubilee

diamond jubilee diamond jubilees
A diamond jubilee is the sixtieth anniversary of an important event.
N-COUNT

diaper

[D.J.:ˈdaɪəpə, ˈdaɪpə]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪəpɚ, ˈdaɪpɚ]

n.

有菱形花格的麻或棉织物

diaper *

diaper diapers
A diaper is a piece of soft towel or paper, which you fasten round a baby's bottom in order to soak up its urine and faeces. (AM; in BRIT use nappy )

- He never changed her diapers, never bathed her.

N-COUNT

diaphanous

[D.J.:daɪˈæfənəs]

[K.K.:daɪˈæfənəs]

adj.

(织物等)(半)透明的

diaphanous

diaphanous
Diaphanous cloth is very thin and almost transparent. (LITERARY)

- ...a diaphanous dress of pale gold.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

diaphragm

[D.J.:ˈdaɪəˌfræm]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪəˌfræm]

n.

<解>膈,隔膜

<物>光圈,光孔

(避孕用)子宫帽

diaphragmatic

adj.

光圈的;隔膜的

diaphragmatic

[ˌdaiəfræɡˈmætik]

adj.

横隔膜的,隔膜的

diaphragm *

1. diaphragm diaphragms
Your diaphragm is a muscle between your lungs and your stomach. It is used when you breathe.
N-COUNT

2. diaphragm diaphragms
A diaphragm is a circular rubber contraceptive device that a woman places inside her vagina.
N-COUNT

diarist

[D.J.:ˈdaiərist]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪərɪst]

n.

记日记者,负日记专责的人,日记作者

diarist

diarist diarists
A diarist is a person who records things in a diary which is later published.
N-COUNT

diarrhoea

[D.J.:ˌdaɪəˈrɪə]

n.

<医>腹泻

diarrhoetic

adj.

腹泻的

diarrhoetic

adj.

腹泻的

diarrhoea *

diarrhoea
If someone has diarrhoea , a lot of liquid faeces comes out of their body because they are ill.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) diarrhea

diary

[D.J.:ˈdaiəri]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪəri]

n.

日记, 日记簿

diary ***

diary diaries
A diary is a book which has a separate space for each day of the year. You use a diary to write down things you plan to do, or to record what happens in your life day by day.
N-COUNT

diary

noun

journal

appointment book

chronicle

daily record

engagement book

Filofax Trademark

diaspora

diaspora
People who come from a particular nation, or whose ancestors came from it, but who now live in many different parts of the world are sometimes referred to as the diaspora . (FORMAL)

- ...the history of peoples from the African diaspora.

- ...the Jews of the diaspora.

N-SING: usu the N

diatribe

[D.J.:ˈdaɪəˌtraɪb]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪəˌtraɪb]

n.

谩骂,讽刺

diatribe

diatribe diatribes
A diatribe is an angry speech or article which is extremely critical of someone's ideas or activities.

- The last chapter of this book is an extended diatribe against the academic left.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= tirade

dice

[D.J.:dais]

[K.K.:daɪs]

n.

骰子

掷骰子游戏

vt.

将…切成小方块, 切成丁

dicing

[ˈdaisiŋ]

n.

掷骰子,(皮革上的)菱形装饰

dice *

1. dice
A dice is a small cube which has between one and six spots or numbers on its sides, and which is used in games to provide random numbers. In old-fashioned English, `dice' was used only as a plural form, and the singular was die , but now `dice' is used as both the singular and the plural form.
N-COUNT

2. dice
Dice is a game which is played using dice.
N-UNCOUNT

3. dice dices dicing diced
If you dice food, you cut it into small cubes.

- Dice the onion and boil in the water for about fifteen minutes.

- Add the crushed garlic and remaining diced vegetables.

VB

dicey

[D.J.:ˈdaisi]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪsi]

adj.

不确定的,冒险性的,认命的

dicey

dicey dicier diciest
Something that is dicey is slightly dangerous or uncertain. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- There was a dicey moment as one of our party made a risky climb up the cliff wall.

ADJ-GRADED

dichotomy

[D.J.:daɪˈkɔtəmi:]

[K.K.:daɪˈkɑtəmi]

n.

一分成二,对分

dichotomy

dichotomy dichotomies
If there is a dichotomy between two things, there is a very great difference or opposition between them. (FORMAL)

- There is a dichotomy between the academic world and the industrial world.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N between pl-n

dick

[D.J.:dik]

[K.K.:dɪk]

n.

〈美俚〉〈俗〉侦探,家伙,词典,声明

dick *

dick dicks
A man's dick is his penis. (INFORMAL) ( VERY RUDE)
N-COUNT

dicker

[D.J.:ˈdikə]

[K.K.:ˈdɪkɚ]

n.

十个,小生意,十张

vi.

做小生意,易货,还价

dicker

dicker dickers dickering dickered
If you say that people are dickering about something, you mean that they are arguing or disagreeing about it, often in a way that you think is foolish or unnecessary. (mainly AM)

- Management and labor are dickering over pay, benefits and working conditions.

- He may be expecting us to dicker. Don't.

V-RECIP disapproval
= haggle

dickhead

[D.J.:ˈdɪkˌhed]

[K.K.:ˈdɪkˌhɛd]

n.

白痴

dickhead

dickhead dickheads
If someone calls a man a dickhead , they are saying that they think he is very stupid. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-COUNT

dictate

[D.J.:dikˈteit]

[K.K.:ˈdɪkˌtet]

vt. & vi.

大声讲或读; 口授

vt.

指示; 指定; 指令

[ˈdikteit]

n.

命令, 规定, 要求

dictating

口述

dictate **

1. dictate dictates dictating dictated
If you dictate something, you say or read it aloud for someone else to write down.

- Sheldon writes every day of the week, dictating his novels in the morning.

- Everything he dictated was signed and sent out the same day.

VB

2. dictate dictates dictating dictated
If someone dictates to someone else, they tell them what they should do or can do.

- He had warned the West against trying to dictate to the Soviet Union.

- What right has one country to dictate the environmental standards of another?.

- He cannot be allowed to dictate what can and cannot be inspected.

- What gives them the right to dictate to us what we should eat?.

- The officers were more or less able to dictate terms to successive governments.

- The rules of court dictate that a defendant is entitled to all evidence which may help his case.

VB

3. dictate dictates dictating dictated
If one thing dictates another, the first thing causes or influences the second thing.

- The film's budget dictated a tough schedule.

- The way in which they dress is dictated by very rigid fashion rules.

- Of course, a number of factors will dictate how long an apple tree can survive.

- Circumstances dictated that they played a defensive rather than attacking game.

VB

4. dictate dictates dictating dictated
You say that reason or common sense dictates that a particular thing is the case when you believe strongly that it is the case and that reason or common sense will cause other people to agree.

- Commonsense now dictates that it would be wise to sell a few shares.

VB

5. dictate dictates
A dictate is an order which you have to obey.

- Its officers work alongside commanders at all levels to ensure that the dictates of the Party are followed.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

6. dictate dictates
Dictates are principles or rules which you consider to be extremely important.

- We have followed the dictates of our consciences and have done our duty.

N-COUNT: usu pl, with supp, usu N of n

dictate

verb

1.

speak

read out

say

utter

2.

order

command

decree

demand

direct

impose

lay down the law

pronounce

noun

3.

command

decree

demand

direction

edict

fiat

injunction

order

4.

principle

code

law

rule

dictation

[D.J.:dikˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:dɪkˈteʃən]

n.

口授, 听写

听写测验

dictation

1. dictation
Dictation is the speaking or reading aloud of words for someone else to write down.

- ...taking dictation from the dean of the Faculty...

- He had had an arm amputated and relied on her to take down his books from dictation.

N-UNCOUNT

2. dictation
Dictation is the giving of orders in a forceful and commanding way.

- The Europeans, while keen for partnership with the US, would not accept dictation.

N-UNCOUNT

dictator

[D.J.:ˈdɪkˌteɪtə, dɪkˈteɪ-]

[K.K.:ˈdɪkˌtetɚ, dɪkˈte-]

n.

独裁者, 专制者

dictator **

dictator dictators
A dictator is a ruler who has complete power in a country, especially power which was obtained by force and is used unfairly or cruelly.
N-COUNT

dictator

noun

absolute ruler

autocrat

despot

oppressor

tyrant

dictatorial

[D.J.:ˌdɪktəˈtɔ:ri:əl, -ˈtəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˌdɪktəˈtɔriəl, -ˈtor-]

adj.

独裁的, 独裁者的, 似独裁者的

爱发号施令的;霸道的, 专横的;盛气凌人的

dictatorial *

1. dictatorial
Dictatorial means controlled or used by a dictator.

- He suspended the constitution and assumed dictatorial powers.

ADJ-GRADED

2. dictatorial
If you describe someone's behaviour as dictatorial , you do not like the fact that they tell people what to do in a forceful and unfair way.

- If you are too strict with them, your children will see you as dictatorial.

- ...his dictatorial management style.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= domineering overbearing

dictatorial

adjective

1.

absolute

arbitrary

autocratic

despotic

totalitarian

tyrannical

unlimited

unrestricted

2.

domineering

authoritarian

bossy informal

imperious

oppressive

overbearing

dictatorship

[D.J.:dɪkˈteɪtəˌʃɪp, ˈdɪkˌteɪ-]

[K.K.:dɪkˈtetɚˌʃɪp, ˈdɪkˌte-]

n.

独裁;专政

独裁统治的国家

dictatorship **

1. dictatorship dictatorships
Dictatorship is government by a dictator.

- ...a new era of democracy after a long period of military dictatorship in the country.

- ...countries which are ruled by dictatorships.

N-VAR

2. dictatorship dictatorships
A dictatorship is a country which is ruled by a dictator or by a very strict and harsh government.

- Every country in the region was a military dictatorship.

N-COUNT
= tyrant

dictatorship

noun

absolute rule

absolutism

authoritarianism

autocracy

despotism

totalitarianism

tyranny

diction

[D.J.:ˈdɪkʃən]

[K.K.:ˈdɪkʃən]

n.

发音法

措词, 用词

diction

diction
Someone's diction is how clearly they speak or sing.

- His diction wasn't very good and the accent was extraordinary.

- Clear diction is important.

N-UNCOUNT

diction

noun

pronunciation

articulation

delivery

elocution

enunciation

fluency

inflection

intonation

speech

dictionary

[D.J.:ˈdikʃənəri]

[K.K.:ˈdɪkʃəˌnɛri]

n.

词典, 字典

dictionary **

1. dictionary dictionaries
A dictionary is a book in which the words and phrases of a language are listed alphabetically, together with their meanings or their translations in another language.

- ...a Welsh-English dictionary.

N-COUNT

2. dictionary dictionaries
A dictionary is an alphabetically ordered reference book on one particular subject or limited group of subjects.

- ...the Dictionary of National Biography.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

dictionary

noun

wordbook

glossary

lexicon

vocabulary

dicta

[D.J.:ˈdiktə]

[K.K.:ˈdɪktə]

n.

格言,权威的断言

dictum

[D.J.:ˈdɪktəm]

[K.K.:ˈdɪktəm]

n.

宣言,声明

名言,格言

dictum

1. dictum dictums or dicta
A dictum is a saying that describes an aspect of life in an interesting or wise way.

- ...the dictum that it is preferable to be roughly right than precisely wrong...

- She reminded us of Barnum's dictum: You could sell anything to anybody if you marketed it right.

N-COUNT: oft N that
= saying

2. dictum dictums or dicta
A dictum is a formal statement made by someone who has authority.

- ...Disraeli's dictum that the first priority of the government must be the health of the people.

N-COUNT: oft N that

did

[did]

do的过去式

do

[D.J.:du:, du, də, d]

[K.K.:du]

aux.v.

(构成疑问句和否定句)

(代替动词)

(用于加强语气)

vt. & vi.

做, 干, 从事

学习, 研究

vt.

整理; 使整洁

烹调, 烧, 煮

算出, 解答

行过, 走过, 游览

引起, 产生

适合, 可用, 方便

vi.

行, 足够

生长

do.

<拉>同上

doe

[D.J.:dəʊ]

[K.K.:do]

n.

雌鹿(或雌兔、雌羚羊等)

does

[D.J.:dʌz;dəz]

[K.K.:dʌz]

v. conj.

做,有用,工作

doing

[D.J.:ˈdu:ɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈduɪŋ]

n.

做,干,实行

事件;行为;社交活动

can’t be doing with

不能接受；无法忍受

take some doing; take a lot of doing

难以完成； 很困难

what is sb/sth doing … ?

某人/某物怎么在…

done

[D.J.:dʌn]

[K.K.:dʌn]

adj.

已完成

煮熟的

int.

(表示接受建议)

be done for

处境艰难；注定完蛋；肯定不行

be/get done for sth/for doing sth

因轻微违法受罚

be/have done with

与( 某人) 断绝关系；做完，了结(尤指令人不快的事情)

be over and done with

了结

done and dusted

(计划或活动等)已经完全结束(或准备好了)

a done deal

木已成舟的事情；无法改变的决定(或安排等)

done in

筋疲力尽

the done thing

合乎礼仪的行为； 得体的举止

done to a turn

烹调得恰到火候

he, she, etc. has gone/been and done sth

(表示惊奇、烦恼等) 怎么搞的

did

did
Did is the past tense of do .

do 1 auxiliary verb uses *****

( Do is used as an auxiliary with the simple present tense. Did is used as an auxiliary with the simple past tense. In spoken English, negative forms of do are often shortened, for example do not is shortened to don't and did not is shortened to didn't .)

1. do ; does ; doing did done
Do is used to form the negative of main verbs, by putting `not' after `do' and before the main verb in its infinitive form, that is the form without `to'.

- They don't want to work.

- I did not know Jamie had a knife.

- It doesn't matter if you win or lose.

AUX

2. do ; does ; doing did done
Do is used to form questions, by putting the subject after `do' and before the main verb in its infinitive form, that is the form without `to'.

- Do you like music?.

- What did he say?.

- Where does she live?

AUX

3. do ; does ; doing did done
Do is used in question tags.

- You know about Andy, don't you?.

- I'm sure they had some of the same questions last year didn't they?

AUX

4. do ; does ; doing did done
You use do when you are confirming or contradicting a statement containing `do', or giving a negative or positive answer to a question.

- `Did he think there was anything suspicious going on?' --- `Yes, he did.'.

- `Do you have a metal detector?' --- `No, I don't.'.

- They say they don't care, but they do.

AUX

5. do ; does ; doing did done
Do is used with a negative to tell someone not to behave in a certain way.

- Don't be silly.

- Don't touch that!

AUX: only imper

6. do ; does ; doing did done
Do is used to give emphasis to the main verb when there is no other auxiliary.

- Veronica, I do understand.

- You did have a tape recorder with you.

AUX emphasis

7. do ; does ; doing did done
Do is used as a polite way of inviting or trying to persuade someone to do something.

- Do sit down.

- Do help yourself to another drink.

AUX: only imper politeness

8. do ; does ; doing did done
Do can be used to refer back to another verb group when you are comparing or contrasting two things, or saying that they are the same.

- I make more money than he does.

- One day she will walk out, just as her own mother did.

- I had fantasies, as do all mothers, about how life would be when my girls were grown.

- Girls receive less health care and less education in the developing world than do boys.

VB

9. do ; does ; doing did done
You use do after `so' and `nor' to say that the same statement is true for two people or groups.

- You know that's true, and so do I.

- We don't forget that. Nor does he.

- Her actions and thoughts became distorted. So did her behavior.

VB

do 2 other verb uses *****

( do is used in a large number of expressions which are explained under other words in the dictionary. For example, the expression `easier said than done' is explained at `easy'.)

1. do ; does ; doing did done
When you do something, you take some action or perform an activity or task. Do is often used instead of a more specific verb, to talk about a common action involving a particular thing. For example you can say `do your teeth' instead of `brush your teeth'.

- I was trying to do some work.

- After lunch Elizabeth and I did the washing up.

- Dad does the garden.

- Let me do your hair.

VB

2. do ; does ; doing did done
Do can be used to stand for any verb group, or to refer back to another verb group, including one that was in a previous sentence.

- What are you doing?.

- So tell me what this molecule does that makes it special.

- Think twice before doing anything.

- A lot of people got arrested for looting so they will think before they do it again.

- After the meal I said I would go up to bed. I often did this because they would drink port wine and stay up very late.

- The first thing is to get some more food. When we've done that we ought to start again.

- Brian counted to twenty and lifted his binoculars. Elena did the same.

- He turned towards the open front door but, as he did so, she pushed past him.

VB

3. do ; does ; doing did done
You can use do in a clause at the beginning of a sentence after words like `what' and `all', to give special emphasis to the information that comes at the end of the sentence.

- All she does is complain.

- What I should do is go and see her.

- The best that can be done is to make things as difficult as possible.

VB emphasis

4. do ; does ; doing did done
If you do a particular thing with something, you use it in that particular way.

- I was allowed to do whatever I wanted with my life.

- What did he do with the thirty pounds?.

- The technology was good, but you couldn't do much with it.

VB

5. do ; does ; doing did done
If you do something about a problem, you take action to try to solve it.

- They refuse to do anything about the real cause of crime: poverty.

- Well, what are you going to do about it?.

- Sexual harassment, that's against the law. Something should be done about it.

- In an ordinary aircraft, if an engine packs in, there's not much the engineer can do about it until the plane is back on the ground.

VB

6. do ; does ; doing did done
If an action or event does a particular thing, such as harm or good, it has that result or effect.

- A few bombs can do a lot of damage.

- It'll do you good to take a rest.

- The publicity did her career no harm.

VB

7. do ; does ; doing did done
You can use do to talk about the degree to which a person, action, or event affects or improves a particular situation.

- The current reforms will do much to create these conditions.

- They did everything they could to help us.

- He said that the opposition had done everything possible to sabotage the elections.

- Such incidents do nothing for live music's reputation.

- I'd just tried to do what I could for Lou.

VB

8. do ; does ; doing did done
You can talk about what someone or something does to a person to mean that they have a very harmful effect on them.

- I saw what the liquor was doing to her.

- You overlook the pressure you're under and what it does to you.

VB

9. do ; does ; doing did done
If you ask someone what they do , you want to know what their job or profession is.

- `What does your father do?' --- `Well, he's a civil servant.'.

- He knew what he wanted to do from the age of 14.

VB

10. do ; does ; doing did done
If you are doing something, you are busy or active in some way, or have planned an activity for some time in the future.

- Are you doing anything tomorrow night?.

- `What are you doing for Christmas?' Ella asked. `We're going to Aunt Molly's.'.

- Once the novelty of watching TV and videos all day has worn off, there is nothing to do.

VB

11. do ; does ; doing did done
If you say that someone or something does well or badly, you are talking about how successful or unsuccessful they are.

- Connie did well at school and graduated with honours.

- Out-of-town superstores are doing well.

- How did I do?

VB

12. do ; does ; doing did done
If a person or organization does a particular service or product, they provide that service or sell that product. (mainly BRIT)

- They provide design services and do printing and packaging.

- They do a good range of herbal tea.

VB

13. do ; does ; doing did done
You can use do when referring to the speed or rate that something or someone achieves or is able to achieve.

- They were doing 70 miles an hour.

- His catamaran will do 37 knots.

VB

14. do ; does ; doing did done
If you do a subject, author, or book, you study them at school or college. (SPOKEN)

- I'd like to do maths at university.

- `So you did `Macbeth' in the first year?' --- `No, in the first year we did `Julius Caesar'.'

VB

15. do ; does ; doing did done
If you do a particular person, accent, or role, you imitate that person or accent, or act that role.

- Gina does accents extremely well.

VB

16. do ; does ; doing did done
You can use do to say that you are able or unable to behave in a particular way. (INFORMAL)

- `Can't you be nicer to your sister?' --- `Nice? I don't do nice'.

VB

17. do ; does ; doing did done
If someone does drugs, they take illegal drugs.

- I don't do drugs.

- I saw him doing ecstasy in the toilets.

VB

18. do ; does ; doing did done
If you say that something will do or will do you, you mean that there is enough of it or that it is of good enough quality to meet your requirements or to satisfy you.

- Anything to create a scene and attract attention will do.

- We need a win -- a draw won't do at all.

- `I don't know what you like to eat,' she said, smiling. --- `Anything'll do me, Eva.'

VB

19. do
If you say that you could do with something, you mean that you need it or would benefit from it.

- I could do with a cup of tea.

- The range could do with being extended.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n/-ing

20. do
You can ask someone what they did with something as another way of asking them where they put it.

- What did you do with that notebook?

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

21. do
If you ask what someone or something is doing in a particular place, you are asking why they are there.

- `Dr Campbell,' he said, clearly surprised. `What are you doing here?'.

- What was he doing in Hyde Park at that time of the morning?

PHR: PHR adv/prep

22. do
If you say that will do to a child, you are telling them to stop behaving in the way that they are.
CONVENTION

23. do
If you say that one thing has something to do with or is something to do with another thing, you mean that the two things are connected or that the first thing is about the second thing.

- Mr Butterfield denies having anything to do with the episode.

- They were shouting at each other. It was something to do with money.

- That's none of your business, it has nothing to do with you.

- A lot of this has to do with power and greed.

PHR: have/be inflects, PHR n

do 3 noun uses

1. do ; dos
A do is a party, dinner party, or other social event. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- A friend of his is having a do in Stoke.

- They always have all-night dos there.

N-COUNT

2. do
If someone tells you the dos and don'ts of a particular situation, they advise you what you should and should not do in that situation.

- Please advise me on the most suitable colour print film and some dos and don'ts.

PHR

do.

do.
do. is an old-fashioned written abbreviation for ditto .

doe

doe does
A doe is an adult female rabbit, hare, or deer.
N-COUNT

does

does
Does is the third person singular in the present tense of do .

done ***

1. done
Done is the past participle of do .

2. done
A task or activity that is done has been completed successfully.

- When her deal is done, the client emerges with her purchase.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

3. done
When something that you are cooking is done , it has been cooked long enough and is ready.

- As soon as the cake is done, remove it from the oven.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

4. done
You say ` Done ' when you are accepting a deal, arrangement, or bet that someone has offered to make with you. (SPOKEN)

- `You lead and we'll look for it.' --- `Done.'

CONVENTION formulae

5. done
If you say that something is over and done with , you mean that it is completely finished and you do not have to think about it any more. (SPOKEN)

- Once this is all over and done with she's to go into the clinic for a complete rest.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

do

verb

1.

perform

accomplish

achieve

carry out

complete

execute

2.

be adequate

be sufficient

cut the mustard

pass muster

satisfy

suffice

3.

get ready

arrange

fix

look after

prepare

see to

4.

solve

decipher

decode

figure out

puzzle out

resolve

work out

5.

cause

bring about

create

effect

produce

noun

6.

event

affair

function

gathering

occasion

party

didactic

[D.J.:daɪˈdæktɪk]

[K.K.:daɪˈdæktɪk]

adj.

教学的,教导的

(指人)学究式的,迂腐的

didactically

adv.

didacticism

n.

didactically

adv.

教训地,教诲地

didacticism

[diˈdæktisizm]

n.

教训主义,教训癖,启蒙主义

didactic

1. didactic
Something that is didactic is intended to teach people something, especially a moral lesson. (FORMAL)

- In totalitarian societies, art exists for didactic purposes.

ADJ-GRADED

2. didactic
Someone who is didactic tells people things rather than letting them find things out or discussing things. (FORMAL)

- He is much more didactic in his approach and sees the teacher's role as extremely important in the learning process.

ADJ-GRADED

diddle

[D.J.:ˈdidl]

[K.K.:ˈdɪdl]

vt. & vi.

骗取, 诈取

diddle

1. diddle diddles diddling diddled
If someone diddles you, they take money from you dishonestly or unfairly. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- They diddled their insurance company by making a false claim.

VB
= con

2. diddle diddles diddling diddled
If someone diddles , they waste time and do not achieve anything. (AM, INFORMAL)

- ...if Congress were to just diddle around and not take any action at all.

VB: oft V adv

didgeridoo

[didˈdʒeridu:]

n.

迪吉里杜管(澳洲土著人的乐器)

didgeridoo

didgeridoo didgeridoos
A didgeridoo is an Australian musical instrument that consists of a long pipe which makes a low sound when you blow into it.
N-COUNT

didn't *****

didn't
Didn't is the usual spoken form of did not .

die

[D.J.:dai]

[K.K.:daɪ]

vt. & vi.

死亡; 枯萎

link v.

死时处于(某种状态)或具有(某种身份)

died

v. vbl.

死亡,消逝

dies

[ˈdaii:z]

v.

死,去逝

dying

[D.J.:ˈdaɪɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪɪŋ]

adj.

快要死的, 垂死的

be dying for sth/to do sth

渴望；极想

be dying of

…得要死

till/to/until your dying day

有生之年；至死

die *****

1. die dies dying died
When people, animals, and plants die , they stop living.

- A year later my dog died.

- Sadly, both he and my mother died of cancer.

- I would die a very happy person if I could stay in music my whole life.

- Reynolds says he is haunted by the ghosts of friends who died young.

VB: no passive

2. die dies dying died
If a person, animal, or plant is dying , they are so ill or so badly injured that they will not live very much longer.

- The elm trees are all dying.

- Every working day I treat people who are dying from lung diseases caused by smoking.

VB: only cont
≠ recover

3. die dies dying died
If someone dies a violent, unnatural, or painful death, they die in a violent, unnatural, or painful way.

- Watching helplessly as his mother died an agonizing death permanently altered Billy.

- I'm no expert, but I don't think Tracy died a natural death.

VB: no passive

4. die dies dying died
If a machine or device dies , it stops completely, especially after a period of working more and more slowly or inefficiently. (WRITTEN)

- Then suddenly, the engine coughed, spluttered and died.

VB
= break down

5. die dies dying died
If a fire or light dies , it stops burning or shining. (LITERARY)

- Her cigarette glowed brightly, then died.

VB

6. die dies dying died
If an emotion or facial expression dies , it disappears completely, usually after a period of gradually becoming weaker and less noticeable. (LITERARY)

- My love for you will never die.

- Kathryn looked down at the floor and the smile died on her lips.

VB

7. die dies dying died
You can say that you are dying of thirst, hunger, boredom, or curiosity to emphasize that you are very thirsty, hungry, bored, or curious. (INFORMAL)

- Order me a pot of tea, I'm dying of thirst.

VB: only cont emphasis

8. die dies dying died
You can say that you are dying for something or are dying to do something to emphasize that you very much want to have it or do it. (INFORMAL)

- I'm dying for a breath of fresh air.

- She was dying to talk to Frank.

VB: only cont emphasis

9. die dies dying died
You can use die in expressions such as ` I almost died ' or ` I'd die if anything happened ' where you are emphasizing your feelings about a situation, for example to say that it is very shocking, upsetting, embarrassing, or amusing. (INFORMAL, mainly SPOKEN)

- I nearly died when I learned where I was ending up.

- I nearly died of shame.

- I thought I'd die laughing.

VB emphasis

10. die dies
A die is a specially shaped or patterned block of metal which is used to press or cut other metal into a particular shape.
N-COUNT

11. die
You can say that the die is cast to draw attention to the importance of an event or decision which is going to affect your future and which cannot be changed or avoided.

- It was too late and too urgent to turn back. The die was cast.

PHR: V inflects

12. die
If you say that habits or attitudes die hard , you mean that they take a very long time to disappear or change, so that it may not be possible to get rid of them completely.

- Old habits die hard.

- Such prejudices die hard.

PHR: V inflects

dying **

1. dying
Dying is the present participle of die .

2. dying
A dying person or animal is very ill and likely to die soon.

- ...a dying man.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. dying
The dying are people who are dying.

- By the time our officers arrived, the dead and the dying were everywhere.

N-PLURAL: the N

4. dying
You use dying to describe something which happens at the time when someone dies, or is connected with that time.

- It'll stay in my mind till my dying day.

- She was compelled to fulfil the dying wishes of her mother.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. dying
The dying days or dying minutes of a state of affairs or an activity are its last days or minutes.

- The islands were seized by the Soviet army in the dying days of the second world war.

- A penalty by Thierry Lacroix broke the deadlock in the dying minutes of the game.

ADJ: ADJ n
= final

6. dying
A dying tradition or industry is becoming less important and is likely to disappear completely.

- Shipbuilding is a dying business.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. dying
A dying fire is no longer hot and bright and will not burn for much longer.
ADJ: ADJ n

die

verb

1.

pass away

breathe one's last

croak slang

expire

give up the ghost

kick the bucket slang

peg out informal

perish

snuff it slang

2.

dwindle

decay

decline

fade

sink

subside

wane

wilt

wither

3.

stop

break down

fade out or away

fail

fizzle out

halt

lose power

peter out

run down

be dying

4.

long

ache

be eager

desire

hunger

pine for

yearn

dying

adjective

expiring

at death's door

failing

in extremis

moribund

not long for this world

die away *****

die away dies away; dying away; died away
If a sound dies away , it gradually becomes weaker or fainter and finally disappears completely.

- The firing finally began to die away in the late afternoon.

- The sound died away and silence reigned.

PHR-V
= fade away

die back *****

die back dies back; dying back; died back
If a plant dies back , its leaves die but its roots remain alive.

- They often take a long time to die back after flowering.

PHR-V

die down *****

die down dies down; dying down; died down
If something dies down , it becomes very much quieter or less intense.

- The rain remained steady though the wind had died down.

- The controversy is unlikely to die down.

PHR-V

die out *****

1. die out dies out; dying out; died out
If something dies out , it becomes less and less common and eventually disappears completely.

- How did the dinosaurs die out?.

- We used to believe that capitalism would soon die out.

PHR-V

2. die out dies out; dying out; died out
If something such as a fire or wind dies out , it gradually stops burning or blowing. (AM)

- Once the fire has died out, the salvage team will move in.

PHR-V

diehard

[D.J.:ˈdaihɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪˌhɑrd]

n.

顽固分子

adj.

顽固的; 死硬的

diehard

diehard diehards
A diehard is someone who is very strongly opposed to change and new ideas, or who is a very strong supporter of a person or idea.

- The president hopes the diehards will resign over the reform proposals.

- Not even their diehard supporters can pretend that this was a great game.

N-COUNT: oft N n also die-hard .

diesel

[D.J.:ˈdi:zəl]

[K.K.:ˈdizəl, -səl]

n.

柴油

柴油机机车(或船等)

diesel **

1. diesel diesels
Diesel or diesel oil is the heavy oil used in a diesel engine.
N-MASS

2. diesel diesels
A diesel is a vehicle which has a diesel engine.
N-COUNT

diesel engine

diesel engine diesel engines
A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine in which oil is burnt by very hot air. Diesel engines are used in buses and trucks, and in some trains and cars.
N-COUNT

diet

[D.J.:ˈdaiət]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪɪt]

n.

日常饮食

规定饮食

vt. & vi.

(使)节制饮食

diet ****

1. diet diets
Your diet is the type and range of food that you regularly eat.

- It's never too late to improve your diet.

- ...a healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables...

- Poor diet and excess smoking will seriously damage the health of your hair.

N-VAR

2. diet diets
If a doctor puts someone on a diet , he or she makes them eat a special type or range of foods in order to improve their health.

- He was put on a diet of milky food.

- ...a special diet for children with high cholesterol.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. diet diets
If you are on a diet , you eat special kinds of food or you eat less food than usual because you are trying to lose weight.

- Have you been on a diet? You've lost a lot of weight.

- Diet and exercise will alter your shape.

- I've only lost sixteen pounds since I started this diet.

N-VAR

4. diet diets dieting dieted
If you are dieting , you eat special kinds of food or you eat less food than usual because you are trying to lose weight.

- I've been dieting ever since the birth of my fourth child.

- Most of us have dieted at some time in our lives.

VB

5. dieting

- She has already lost around two stone through dieting.

N-UNCOUNT

6. diet
Diet drinks or foods have been specially produced so that they do not contain many calories.

- ...sugar-free diet drinks.

- ...diet margarine.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. diet diets
If you are fed on a diet of something, especially something unpleasant or of poor quality, you receive or experience a very large amount of it.

- The radio had fed him a diet of pop songs.

- People are rejecting this constant diet of despair.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

diet

noun

1.

food

fare

nourishment

nutriment

provisions

rations

sustenance

victuals

2.

regime

abstinence

fast

regimen

verb

3.

slim

abstain

eat sparingly

fast

lose weight

diet

noun

council

chamber

congress

convention

legislature

meeting

parliament

dietary

[D.J.:ˈdaɪɪˌteri:]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪɪˌtɛri]

adj.

与饮食有关的;饮食的;

dietary *

1. dietary
You can use the word dietary to describe anything that concerns a person's diet.

- Dr Susan Hankinson has studied the dietary habits of more than 50,000 women.

- As with all dietary changes, reducing salt should be done gradually.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. dietary
You can use the word dietary to describe substances such as fibre and fat that are found in food.

- Wheat bran is the commonest source of dietary fibre.

ADJ: ADJ n

dieter

[D.J.:ˈdaɪətə]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪətɚ]

n.

节食者

dieter *

dieter dieters
A dieter is someone who is on a diet or who regularly goes on diets.
N-COUNT
= slimmer

dietetic

[D.J.:ˌdaiəˈtetik]

[K.K.:ˌdaɪɪˈtɛtɪk]

adj.

饮食的, 营养的

dietetic

dietetic
Dietetic food or drink is food or drink that has been specially produced so that it does not contain many calories. (AM, FORMAL)

- All dietetic meals are low in sugar.

ADJ: ADJ n
= diet low-calorie

dietician

[D.J.:ˌdaɪɪˈtɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdaɪəˈtɪʃən]

n.

饮食学家

dietician

dietician dieticians
A dietician is a person whose job is to give people advice about the kind of food they should eat. Dieticians often work in hospitals.
N-COUNT (AM) usually and (BRIT) sometimes dietitian

differ

[D.J.:ˈdifə]

[K.K.:ˈdɪfɚ]

vi.

不同, 有异

持异议

differ **

1. differ differs differing differed
If two or more things differ , they are unlike each other in some way.

- The story he told police differed from the one he told his mother.

- Management styles differ.

V-RECIP

2. differ differs differing differed
If people differ about something, they do not agree with each other about it.

- The two leaders had differed on the issue of sanctions.

- That is where we differ.

- Since his retirement, Crowe has differed with the President on several issues.

V-RECIP

differ

verb

1.

be dissimilar

contradict

contrast

depart from

diverge

run counter to

stand apart

vary

2.

disagree

clash

contend

debate

demur

dispute

dissent

oppose

take exception

take issue

difference

[D.J.:ˈdifərəns]

[K.K.:ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns]

n.

差别, 差异

差距, 差额

分歧, 争执

difference ****

1. difference differences
The difference between two things is the way in which they are unlike each other.

- That is the fundamental difference between the two societies.

- There is no difference between the sexes.

- ...the vast difference in size...

- We do have social problems here. The difference is the people know each other and try to help each other.

N-COUNT: usu N prep

2. difference
A difference between two quantities is the amount by which one quantity is less than the other.

- The difference is 8532.

N-SING

3. difference differences
If people have their differences about something, they disagree about it.

- The two communities are learning how to resolve their differences.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft poss N

4. difference
If something makes a difference or makes a lot of difference , it affects you and helps you in what you are doing. If something makes no difference , it does not have any effect on what you are doing.

- Where you live can make such a difference to the way you feel.

- Exercise makes all the difference.

- It is sad to see him go but it won't make any difference to the way we conduct our affairs.

PHR: V inflects

5. difference
If you split the difference with someone, you agree on an amount or price which is halfway between two suggested amounts or prices.

- Shall we split the difference and say $7,500?

PHR: V inflects

6. difference
If you describe a job or holiday, for example, as a job with a difference or a holiday with a difference , you mean that the job or holiday is very interesting and unusual. (INFORMAL)

- When she starts work on Monday it will be in a job with a difference -- she'll be her own boss.

- ...a politician with a difference.

PHR: n PHR

7. difference
If there is a difference of opinion between two or more people or groups, they disagree about something.

- Was there a difference of opinion over what to do with the Nobel Prize money?

PHR: difference inflects

difference

noun

1.

dissimilarity

alteration

change

contrast

discrepancy

disparity

diversity

variation

variety

2.

disagreement

argument

clash

conflict

contretemps

debate

dispute

quarrel

3.

remainder

balance

rest

result

different

[D.J.:ˈdifərənt]

[K.K.:ˈdɪfərənt, ˈdɪfrənt]

adj.

不同的, 差异的

个别的, 另外的

各式各样的

differently

[D.J.:ˈdɪfərəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdɪfərəntlɪ]

adv.

不同地;相异地

different *****

1. different
If two people or things are different , they are not like each other in one or more ways.

- London was different from most European capitals.

- If he'd attended music school, how might things have been different?.

- We have totally different views.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ from n

2. different
In British English, people sometimes say that one thing is different to another. Some people consider this use to be incorrect.

- My approach is totally different to his.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n

3. different
People sometimes say that one thing is different than another. This use is often considered incorrect in British English, but it is acceptable in American English.

- We're not really any different than they are.

- ...a style of advertising that's different than the rest of the country.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ than n/cl

4. differently

- Every individual learns differently.

- They still get treated differently from almost every other contemporary British band.

- The skeleton consists of differently shaped bones held together by ligaments.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed, oft ADV from n

5. different
You use different to indicate that you are talking about two or more separate and distinct things of the same kind.

- Different countries specialised in different products.

- The number of calories in different brands of drinks varies enormously.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ identical

6. different
You can describe something as different when it is unusual and not like others of the same kind.

- The result is interesting and different, but do not attempt the recipe if time is short.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= distinctive

different

adjective

1.

unlike

altered

changed

contrasting

disparate

dissimilar

divergent

inconsistent

opposed

2.

various

assorted

diverse

miscellaneous

sundry

varied

3.

unusual

atypical

distinctive

extraordinary

peculiar

singular

special

strange

uncommon

differential

[D.J.:ˌdɪfəˈrenʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃəl]

adj.

不同的, 有分别的;基于差别的;区别性的

n.

差异;工资级差

differential *

1. differential differentials
In mathematics and economics, a differential is a difference between two values in a scale.

- Germany and France pledged to maintain the differential between their two currencies.

N-COUNT

2. differential differentials
A differential is a difference between things, especially rates of pay. (mainly BRIT)

- During the Second World War, industrial wage differentials in Britain widened.

N-COUNT

3. differential
Differential means relating to or using a difference between groups or things. (FORMAL)

- Sweden may at some stage also be forced to eliminate differential voting rights.

ADJ: ADJ n

differentiate

[D.J.:ˌdifəˈrenʃieit]

[K.K.:ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃiˌet]

vt. & vi.

区分, 区别, 辨别

vi.

区别对待

differentiated

分化型

differentiation

[D.J.:ˌdifəˌrenʃiˈeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɪfəˌrɛnʃiˈeʃən]

n.

区别；分化

differentiate **

1. differentiate differentiates differentiating differentiated
If you differentiate between things or you differentiate one thing from another, you recognize or show the difference between them.

- A child may not differentiate between his imagination and the real world.

- At this age your baby cannot differentiate one person from another.

VB
= distinguish

2. differentiate differentiates differentiating differentiated
A quality or feature that differentiates one thing from another makes the two things different.

- ...distinctive policies that differentiate them from the other parties.

VB
= distinguish

3. differentiation

- Their marketing director claims the differentiation between the two ranges will increase.

N-UNCOUNT

differentiate

verb

1.

distinguish

contrast

discriminate

make a distinction

mark off

separate

set off or apart

tell apart

2.

make different

adapt

alter

change

convert

modify

transform

difficult

[D.J.:ˈdifikəlt]

[K.K.:ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt]

adj.

困难的, 难懂的

不易相处的, 难满足的

difficult *****

1. difficult
Something that is difficult is not easy to do, understand, or deal with.

- Hobart found it difficult to get her first book published.

- The lack of childcare provisions made it difficult for single mothers to get jobs.

- It was a very difficult decision to make.

- We're living in difficult times.

- It's very difficult being a woman in motor racing.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf, it v-link ADJ -ing
≠ easy

2. difficult
Someone who is difficult behaves in an unreasonable and unhelpful way.

- I had a feeling you were going to be difficult about this.

ADJ-GRADED
= awkward

difficult

adjective

1.

hard

arduous

demanding

formidable

laborious

onerous

strenuous

uphill

2.

problematical

abstruse

baffling

complex

complicated

intricate

involved

knotty

obscure

3.

hard to please

demanding

fastidious

fussy

perverse

refractory

unaccommodating

difficulty

[D.J.:ˈdifikəlti]

[K.K.:ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlti, -kəl-]

n.

困难; 难度

难事; 麻烦

difficulty ****

1. difficulty difficulties
A difficulty is a problem.

- ...the difficulty of getting accurate information...

- The country is facing great economic difficulties.

N-COUNT

2. difficulty
If you have difficulty doing something, you are not able to do it easily.

- Do you have difficulty getting up?.

- The injured man mounted his horse with difficulty.

N-UNCOUNT

3. difficulty
If you are in difficulty or in difficulties , you are having a lot of problems.

- You have to admit that you are, in fact, in difficulties.

- Rumours spread about banks being in difficulty.

PHR: v-link PHR

difficulty

noun

1.

laboriousness

arduousness

awkwardness

hardship

strain

strenuousness

tribulation

2.

predicament

dilemma

embarrassment

hot water informal

jam informal

mess

plight

quandary

trouble

3.

problem

complication

hindrance

hurdle

impediment

obstacle

pitfall

snag

stumbling block

diffidence

[D.J.:ˈdifidəns]

[K.K.:ˈdɪfɪdəns, -ˌdɛns]

n.

缺乏自信

diffident

[D.J.:ˈdɪfɪdənt, -ˌdent]

[K.K.:ˈdɪfɪdənt, -ˌdɛnt]

adj.

缺乏自信的,露出怯态的

diffidently

adv.

胆怯地,踌躇地

diffidently

adv.

缺乏自信地,踌躇地

diffident *

1. diffident
Someone who is diffident is rather shy and does not enjoy talking about themselves or being noticed by other people.

- John was as bouncy and ebullient as Helen was diffident and reserved.

ADJ-GRADED

2. diffidence

- He tapped on the door, opened it and entered with a certain diffidence.

N-UNCOUNT

3. diffidently

- `Would you,' he asked diffidently, `like to talk to me about it?'

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

diffidence

noun

shyness

bashfulness

hesitancy

insecurity

modesty

reserve

self-consciousness

timidity

diffident

adjective

shy

bashful

doubtful

hesitant

insecure

modest

reserved

self-conscious

timid

unassertive

unassuming

diffuse

[D.J.:diˈfju:s]

[K.K.:dɪˈfjuz]

adj.

四散的, 漫射的

冗长的, 累赘的

[diˈfju:z]

vt. & vi.

(使)扩散, (使)弥漫, (使)传播

(使)慢慢混合

diffused

[diˈfju:zd]

adj.

散布的,普及的,扩散的

diffusion

[D.J.:dɪˈfju:ʒən]

[K.K.:dɪˈfjuʒən]

n.

扩散;散布;弥漫

<物,化>扩散;漫射

<人>(文化等的)传流

diffuse *

1. diffuse diffuses diffusing diffused
If something such as knowledge or information is diffused , or if it diffuses somewhere, it is made known over a wide area or to a lot of people. (WRITTEN)

- Over time, however, the technology is diffused and adopted by other countries.

- ...to diffuse new ideas obtained from elsewhere...

- As agriculture developed, was it the ideas of agriculture that diffused across Europe? Or the people that moved with their ideas?

V-ERG
= spread

2. diffusion

- ...the development and diffusion of ideas.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

3. diffuse diffuses diffusing diffused
To diffuse a feeling, especially an undesirable one, means to cause it to weaken and lose its power to affect people.

- The arrival of letters from the Pope did nothing to diffuse the tension.

VB
= dissipate

4. diffuse diffuses diffusing diffused
If something diffuses light, it causes the light to spread weakly in different directions.

- Diffusing a light also reduces its power.

- The sun slid behind trees, its last light diffused by wintry branches.

VB
≠ focus

5. diffuse diffuses diffusing diffused
To diffuse or be diffused through something means to move and spread through it.

- It allows nicotine to diffuse slowly and steadily into the bloodstream.

- It created a glowing centre of warmth that quickly diffused through my limbs.

- The moisture present in all foods absorbs the flavour of the smoke and eventually diffuses that flavour into its interior.

V-ERG
= permeate

6. diffusion

- There are data on the rates of diffusion of molecules.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

7. diffuse
Something that is diffuse is not directed towards one place or concentrated in one place but spread out over a large area. (WRITTEN)

- ...a diffuse community...

- A cold, diffuse light filtered in through the skylight.

ADJ-GRADED

8. diffuse
If you describe something as diffuse , you mean that it is vague and difficult to understand or explain.

- His writing is so diffuse, obscure, and overwrought that it is difficult to make out what it is he is trying to say.

ADJ-GRADED

dig

[D.J.:diɡ]

[K.K.:dɪɡ]

vt. & vi.

挖, 掘

vt.

中意, 了解, 欣赏

n.

戳, 刺

挖苦, 讽刺

digging

[ˈdiɡiŋ]

n.

挖掘

digs

n.

寓所,住处

dug

[D.J.:dʌg]

[K.K.:dʌɡ]

n.

<尤文>动物的乳房〔乳头〕

dig ***

1. dig digs digging dug
If people or animals dig , they make a hole in the ground or in a pile of earth, stones, or rubbish.

- They tried digging in a patch just below the cave.

- Dig a largish hole and bang the stake in first.

- Rescue workers are digging through the rubble in search of other victims.

- ...digging for shellfish at the Battery at low tide...

- Two men were standing by the freshly dug grave.

VB

2. dig digs digging dug
If you dig into something such as a deep container, you put your hand in it to search for something.

- He dug into his coat pocket for his keys.

VB
= delve

3. dig digs digging dug
If you dig one thing into another or if one thing digs into another, the first thing is pushed hard into the second, or presses hard into it.

- She digs the serving spoon into the moussaka.

- I grab George's arm and dig my nails into his flesh.

- He could feel the beads digging into his palm.

- Graham was standing there, his hands dug into the pockets of his baggy white trousers.

V-ERG

4. dig digs digging dug
If you dig into a subject or a store of information, you study it very carefully in order to discover or check facts.

- ...as a special congressional enquiry digs deeper into the alleged financial misdeeds of his government...

- He has been digging into the local archives.

- Much that is included in them has appeared in other published works, and one must dig hard for reliable new material.

VB
= probe

5. dig digs digging dug
If you dig yourself out of a difficult or unpleasant situation, especially one which you caused yourself, you manage to get out of it.

- Occupants of the White House have exploited their office at key moments in an election campaign to dig themselves out of trouble.

- He's taken these measures to try and dig himself out of a hole.

VB

6. dig digs digging dug
If you say that you dig something, you mean that you like it and understand it. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- `They play classic rock'n'roll,' states her boyfriend, `My dad digs them too.'.

- I can dig it. I don't expect a band always to be innovative.

VB

7. dig digs
A dig is an organized activity in which people dig into the ground in order to discover ancient historical objects.

- He's an archaeologist and has been on a dig in Crete for the past year.

N-COUNT: oft on N
= excavation

8. dig digs
If you have a dig at someone, you say something which is intended to make fun of them or upset them.

- Americans are always quick to have a dig at the British.

- She couldn't resist a dig at Dave after his unfortunate performance.

N-COUNT: usu N at n
= gibe

9. dig digs
If you give someone a dig in a part of their body, you push them with your finger or your elbow, usually as a warning or as a joke.

- Cassandra silenced him with a sharp dig in the small of the back.

N-COUNT

10. dig digs
If you live in digs , you live in a room in someone else's house and pay them rent. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- He went to London and lived in digs in Gloucester Road.

N-PLURAL: oft in N
= lodgings

11. dig
If you dig deep , you do a very thorough investigation into something.

- I want you to dig deep. Find out who she is, and where she came from.

PHR: V inflects

12. dig
If someone digs into their pocket or digs into their purse , they manage after some difficulty to find the money to pay for something.

- Holidaymakers are digging deep into their pockets to book late summer breaks.

PHR: V and N inflect

dug

dug
Dug is the past tense and past participle of dig .

dig

verb

1.

excavate

burrow

delve

hollow out

mine

quarry

scoop

tunnel

2.

investigate

delve

dig down

go into

probe

research

search

with out {or} up 3.

find

discover

expose

uncover

unearth

uproot

4.

poke

drive

jab

prod

punch

thrust

noun

5.

poke

jab

prod

punch

thrust

6.

cutting remark

barb

crack slang

gibe

insult

jeer

sneer

taunt

wisecrack informal

dig around ***

1. dig around digs around; digging around; dug around
If you dig around in a place or container, you search for something in every part of it.

- I went home to dig around in my closets for some old tapes.

PHR-V
= rummage around

2. dig around digs around; digging around; dug around
If you dig around , you try to find information about someone or something.

- They said, after digging around, the photo was a fake.

PHR-V

dig in ***

1. dig in digs in; digging in; dug in
If you dig a substance in , or dig it into the soil, you mix it into the soil by digging.

- I usually dig in a small barrow load of compost in late summer.

- To dig calcium into the soil, he warned, does not help the plant.

PHR-V

2. dig in digs in; digging in; dug in
When soldiers dig in or dig themselves in , they dig trenches and prepare themselves for an attack by the enemy.

- The Canadian battalion arrived this morning and went directly to the airport to begin digging in.

- The enemy must be digging themselves in now ready for the attack.

- Our forces are dug in along the river.

PHR-V

3. dig in digs in; digging in; dug in
If you say that someone is digging in , you mean that they are not changing their mind or weakening their efforts, although they may be losing a contest or facing difficult problems.

- A yawning North-South gulf has opened up with both sides digging in.

PHR-V
= entrench

4. dig in digs in; digging in; dug in
If someone digs in , or digs into some food, they start eating eagerly. If you tell someone to dig in , you are inviting them to start eating, and encouraging them to eat as much as they want. (INFORMAL)

- `Listen,' said Daisy, digging into her oatmeal.

- Pull up a chair and dig in!

PHR-V
= tuck in

dig out ***

1. dig out digs out; digging out; dug out
If you dig someone or something out of a place, you get them out by digging or by forcing them from the things surrounding them.

- ...digging minerals out of the Earth...

- Rescue crews have been digging people out of collapsed buildings.

- ...trying to dig out a trombone from under four saxophones.

PHR-V
= extract

2. dig out digs out; digging out; dug out
If you dig something out , you find it after it has been stored, hidden, or forgotten for a long time. (INFORMAL)

- Recently, I dug out Barstow's novel and read it again.

- We'll try and dig the number out for you if you want it.

PHR-V
= search out

dig over ***

dig over digs over; digging over; dug over
If you dig over an area of soil, you dig it thoroughly, so that the soil becomes looser and free from lumps.

- Dig over any ground that is clear of crops and plants.

- Dig the soil over thoroughly.

PHR-V

dig up ***

1. dig up digs up; digging up; dug up
If you dig up something, you remove it from the ground where it has been buried or planted.

- You would have to dig up the plant yourself.

- More bodies have been dug up at the site.

- He dug it up and Doris took one look and said: `That's not my jewellery.'

PHR-V

2. dig up digs up; digging up; dug up
If you dig up an area of land, you dig holes in it.

- Yesterday they continued the search, digging up the back yard of a police station.

PHR-V

3. dig up digs up; digging up; dug up
If you dig up information or facts, you discover something that has not previously been widely known.

- Managers are too expensive and important to spend time digging up market information.

- His description fits perfectly the evidence dug up by Clyde.

PHR-V
= unearth

4. dig up digs up; digging up; dug up
If you dig up something or someone, you find them and use or employ them. (INFORMAL)

- When something happens anywhere in the world, NPR digs up an expert from someplace or other.

- If you dug up an old medical book from the sixties, it would tell you that childhood leukemia is incurable.

PHR-V
= unearth

digest

[D.J.:daiˈdʒest]

[K.K.:dəˈdʒɛst]

vt. & vi.

消化

vt.

透彻了解

[ˈdaidʒest]

n.

摘要, 文摘, 汇编

digest **

1. digest digests digesting digested
When food digests or when you digest it, it passes through your body to your stomach. Your stomach removes the substances that your body needs and gets rid of the rest.

- Do not undertake strenuous exercise for a few hours after a meal to allow food to digest.

- She couldn't digest food properly.

- Nutrients from the digested food can be absorbed into the blood.

V-ERG

2. digest digests digesting digested
If you digest information, you think about it carefully so that you understand it.

- They learn well but seem to need time to digest information.

- She read everything, digesting every fragment of news.

VB

3. digest digests digesting digested
If you digest some unpleasant news, you think about it until you are able to accept it and know how to deal with it.

- All this has upset me. I need time to digest it all.

VB

4. digest digests
A digest is a collection of pieces of writing. They are published together in a shorter form than they were originally published.

- The organization publishes a regular digest of environmental statistics.

- ...the Middle East Economic Digest.

N-COUNT

digest

verb

1.

ingest

absorb

assimilate

dissolve

incorporate

2.

take in

absorb

consider

contemplate

grasp

study

understand

noun

3.

summary

abridgment

abstract

epitome

pr´ecis

r´esum´e

synopsis

digestibility

[diˌdʒestəˈbiləti]

n.

消化的好坏,消化性

digestible

[D.J.:daɪˈdʒestəbəl, dɪ-]

[K.K.:daɪˈdʒɛstəbəl, dɪ-]

adj.

易消化的

可摘要的;容易了解的

digestible

1. digestible
Digestible food is food that is easy to digest.

- Bananas are easily digestible and make a satisfying and filling snack at any time of day.

ADJ-GRADED: oft adv ADJ

2. digestibility

- Processing and refining can alter digestibility.

N-UNCOUNT

3. digestible
Food that is digestible is pleasant to eat.

- Fish is inexpensive, easy to cook and very digestible.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

4. digestible
If a theory or idea is digestible , it is easy to understand.

- The book was launched five years ago in the hope of making economic theory more digestible.

ADJ-GRADED
= accessible

digestion

[D.J.:daɪˈdʒestʃən, dɪ-]

[K.K.:daɪˈdʒɛstʃən, dɪ-]

n.

消化能力

消化;领悟

digestion *

1. digestion
Digestion is the process of digesting food.

- No liquids are served with meals because they interfere with digestion.

- ...the digestion of fats.

N-UNCOUNT

2. digestion digestions
Your digestion is the system in your body which digests your food.

- My digestion ain't so hot these days, either.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

digestion

noun

ingestion

absorption

assimilation

conversion

incorporation

transformation

digestive

[D.J.:daɪˈdʒestɪv, dɪ-]

[K.K.:daɪˈdʒɛstɪv, dɪ-]

adj.

消化(食物)的

digestive *

1. digestive
You can describe things that are related to the digestion of food as digestive .

- ...digestive juices that normally work on breaking down our food...

- Peppermint oil is very good for regulating digestive disorders.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. digestive digestives
A digestive or a digestive biscuit is a type of biscuit made from wholemeal flour. (BRIT, TRADEMARK)
N-COUNT

digestive system

digestive system digestive systems
Your digestive system is the set of organs in your body that digest the food you eat.
N-COUNT: usu poss N

digger

[D.J.:ˈdiɡə]

[K.K.:ˈdɪɡɚ]

n.

挖掘者,掘地兽

digger *

digger diggers
A digger is a machine that is used for digging.

- ...a mechanical digger.

N-COUNT

digit

[D.J.:ˈdidʒit]

[K.K.:ˈdɪdʒɪt]

n.

数字

手指, 足趾

digit *

1. digit digits
A digit is a written symbol for any of the ten numbers from 0 to 9.

- Her telephone number differs from mine by one digit.

N-COUNT

2. digit digits
A digit is a finger, thumb, or toe. (FORMAL)

- Many animals have five digits.

N-COUNT

digital

[D.J.:ˈdidʒitəl]

[K.K.:ˈdɪdʒɪtl]

adj.

数字式的, 数码的

数字显示的

digitally

adv.

数字

digital **

1. digital
Digital systems record or transmit information in the form of thousands of very small signals. Compare analogue .

- The new digital technology would allow a rapid expansion in the number of TV channels.

ADJ

2. digitally

- ...digitally recorded sound.

ADV

3. digital
Digital devices such as watches or clocks give information by displaying numbers rather than by having a pointer which moves round a dial. Compare analogue .

- ...a digital display.

ADJ: ADJ n

digital audio tape

digital audio tape
Digital audio tape is a type of magnetic tape used to make very high quality recordings of sound by recording it in digital form. The abbreviation DAT is often used.
N-UNCOUNT
= DAT

digital recording

1. digital recording
Digital recording is the process of converting sound or images into numbers.
N-UNCOUNT

2. digital recording digital recordings
A digital recording is a recording made by converting sound or images into numbers.
N-COUNT

digitize

[D.J.:ˈdidʒitaiz]

[K.K.:ˈdɪdʒɪˌtaɪz]

v.

将资料数字化

digitize

digitize digitizes digitizing digitized
To digitize information means to turn it into a form that can be read easily by a computer.

- It also digitizes the letters, so the information can be stored in a computer.

- The picture is digitised by a scanner.

VB (BRIT) also digitise

dignified

[D.J.:ˈdɪgnəˌfaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈdɪɡnəˌfaɪd]

adj.

有尊严的, 高贵的, 显得高尚的, 庄严的

dignify

[D.J.:ˈdɪgnəˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdɪɡnəˌfaɪ]

vt.

使显得威严, 使高贵, 使显赫

夸大

dignified *

dignified
If you say that someone or something is dignified , you mean they are calm, impressive and deserve respect.

- He seemed a very dignified and charming man.

- Mr Smith is maintaining a dignified silence.

ADJ-GRADED

dignify

1. dignify dignifies dignifying dignified
To dignify something means to make it impressive. (LITERARY)

- It is the function of tragic literature to dignify sorrow and disaster.

- The gatepost was dignified by the weathered brass plate of Dr Harcourt Sibley.

VB

2. dignify dignifies dignifying dignified
If you say that a particular reaction or description dignifies something you have a low opinion of, you mean that it makes it appear acceptable.

- We see no point in dignifying this kind of speculation with a comment.

- It was a technique later dignified by the term `info-tainment'.

VB disapproval

dignified

adjective

distinguished

formal

grave

imposing

noble

reserved

solemn

stately

dignitary

[D.J.:ˈdɪgnɪˌteri:]

[K.K.:ˈdɪɡnɪˌtɛri]

n.

显要人物;权贵

dignitary *

dignitary dignitaries
Dignitaries are people who are considered to be important because they have a high rank in government or in the Church.
N-COUNT: usu pl

dignitary

noun

public figure

bigwig informal

high-up informal

notable

personage

pillar of society

V.I.P.

worthy

dignity

[D.J.:ˈdiɡniti]

[K.K.:ˈdɪɡnɪti]

n.

庄严, 端庄, 尊严

高尚, 尊贵, 高贵

dignity **

1. dignity
If someone behaves or moves with dignity , they are calm, controlled, and admirable.

- ...her extraordinary dignity and composure.

N-UNCOUNT
= self-possession

2. dignity
If you talk about the dignity of people or their lives or activities, you mean that they are valuable and worthy of respect.

- ...the sense of human dignity.

- ...the integrity and the dignity of our lives and feelings.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

3. dignity
Your dignity is the sense that you have of your own importance and value, and other people's respect for you.

- If you were wrong, admit it. You won't lose dignity, but will gain respect.

- She still has her dignity.

N-UNCOUNT
= self-respect

dignity

noun

1.

decorum

courtliness

grandeur

gravity

loftiness

majesty

nobility

solemnity

stateliness

2.

honour

eminence

importance

rank

respectability

standing

status

3.

self-importance

pride

self-esteem

self-respect

digress

[D.J.:daɪˈgres]

vi.

离题,岔开话题

digression

n.

离题,岔开

digressive

adj.

离题的,枝节的

digression

[D.J.:daɪˈgreʃən, dɪ-]

[K.K.:daɪˈɡrɛʃən, dɪ-]

n.

离题;脱轨

digressive

[D.J.:daiˈɡresiv]

[K.K.:daɪˈɡrɛsɪv, dɪ-]

adj.

离题的,枝节的

digress

1. digress digresses digressing digressed
If you digress , you move away from the subject you are talking or writing about and talk or write about something different for a while.

- I've digressed a little to explain the situation so far, so let me now recap..

- She digressed from her prepared speech to pay tribute to the President.

VB

2. digression digressions

- The text is dotted with digressions.

N-VAR

digress

verb

wander

depart

deviate

diverge

drift

get off the point or subject

go off at a tangent

ramble

stray

digression

noun

departure

aside

detour

deviation

divergence

diversion

straying

wandering

diktat

[D.J.:dikˈtɑ:t]

[K.K.:dɪkˈtɑt]

n.

勒令,绝对命令

diktat

diktat diktats
You use diktat to refer to something such as a law or government which people have to obey even if they do not agree with it, especially one which seems unfair.
N-VAR disapproval

dilapidated

[D.J.:dɪˈlæpɪˌdeɪtɪd]

[K.K.:dɪˈlæpɪˌdetɪd]

adj.

残破的, 破烂的, 失修的

dilapidated *

dilapidated
A building that is dilapidated is old and in a generally bad condition.
ADJ-GRADED
= run-down

dilapidated

adjective

ruined

broken-down

crumbling

decrepit

in ruins

ramshackle

rickety

run-down

tumbledown

dilate

[D.J.:daɪˈleɪt, ˈdaɪˌleɪt]

[K.K.:daɪˈlet, ˈdaɪˌlet]

vt. & vi.

(使某物)扩大, 膨胀, 张大

dilated

[D.J.:daiˈleitid]

[K.K.:daɪˈletɪd, ˈdaɪˌle-]

adj.

加宽的,扩大的

dilate *

1. dilate dilates dilating dilated
When things such as blood vessels or the pupils of your eyes dilate or when something dilates them, they become wider or bigger.

- At night, the pupils dilate to allow in more light.

- Exercise dilates blood vessels on the surface of the brain.

V-ERG
= enlarge

2. dilated

- His eyes seemed slightly dilated.

ADJ-GRADED

dilate

verb

enlarge

broaden

expand

puff out

stretch

swell

widen

dilatory

[D.J.:ˈdɪləˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:]

[K.K.:ˈdɪləˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

拖拉的, 延误的

dilatory

dilatory
Someone or something that is dilatory is slow and causes delay. (FORMAL)

- You might expect politicians to smooth things out when civil servants are being dilatory.

ADJ-GRADED

dilatory

adjective

time-wasting

delaying

lingering

procrastinating

slow

sluggish

tardy

tarrying

dildo

[D.J.:ˈdildəu]

[K.K.:ˈdɪldo]

n.

〈俚〉假阴茎

dildo

dildo dildos
A dildo is an object shaped like a penis, which women can use to get sexual pleasure. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

dilemma

[D.J.:diˈlemə]

[K.K.:dɪˈlɛmə]

n.

左右为难

dilemma **

dilemma dilemmas
A dilemma is a difficult situation in which you have to choose between two or more alternatives.

- He was faced with the dilemma of whether or not to return to his country.

- The issue raises a moral dilemma.

N-COUNT
on the horns of a dilemma : see horn .

dilemma

noun

predicament

difficulty

mess

plight

problem

puzzle

quandary

spot informal

dilettante

[D.J.:ˈdɪlɪˌtɑ:nt, ˌdɪlɪˈtɑ:nt, -ˈtɑ:nti:, -ˈtænt, -ˈtænti:]

[K.K.:ˈdɪlɪˌtɑnt, ˌdɪlɪˈtɑnt, -ˈtɑnti, -ˈtænt, -ˈtænti]

<一般贬>浅薄的涉猎者,闹着玩的人,半吊子

dilettante

dilettante dilettantes or dilettanti
You can use dilettante to talk about someone who seems interested in a subject, especially in art, but who does not really know very much about it. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

dilettante

noun

amateur

aesthete

dabbler

trifler

diligence

[D.J.:ˈdɪlədʒəns]

[K.K.:ˈdɪlədʒəns]

n.

勤勉, 勤奋

diligent

[D.J.:ˈdilidʒənt]

[K.K.:ˈdɪlədʒənt]

adj.

勤奋的, 勤勉的

diligently

[D.J.:ˈdɪlɪd ʒəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdɪləd ʒəntlɪ]

adv.

勤勉地;勤奋地

diligent *

1. diligent
Someone who is diligent works hard in a careful and thorough way.

- Meyers is a diligent and prolific worker.

- The historical research was impressively diligent.

ADJ-GRADED

2. diligence

- The police are pursuing their inquiries with great diligence.

N-UNCOUNT

3. diligently

- The two sides are now working diligently to resolve their differences.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

diligence

noun

application

attention

care

industry

laboriousness

perseverance

diligent

adjective

hard-working

assiduous

attentive

careful

conscientious

industrious

painstaking

persistent

studious

tireless

dill

[D.J.:dil]

[K.K.:dɪl]

n.

〈植〉小茴香

dill *

dill
Dill is a herb with yellow flowers and a strong sweet smell.
N-UNCOUNT

dilute

[D.J.:daiˈlju:t]

[K.K.:daɪˈlut, dɪ-]

vt.

稀释, 冲淡

adj.

稀释的, 冲淡的

diluted

[daiˈlju:tid]

adj.

无力的;冲淡的

dilution

[D.J.:daɪˈlu:ʃən, dɪ-]

[K.K.:daɪˈluʃən, dɪ-]

n.

稀释

dilute **

1. dilute dilutes diluting diluted
If a liquid is diluted or dilutes , it is added to or mixes with water or another liquid, and becomes weaker.

- If you give your baby juice, dilute it well with cooled, boiled water.

- The liquid is then diluted.

- The poisons seeping from Hanford's contaminated land quickly dilute in the water.

V-ERG

2. dilution

- ...ditches dug for flood protection, drinking-water supply and sewage dilution.

N-UNCOUNT

3. dilute
A dilute liquid is very thin and weak, usually because it has had water added to it.

- ...a dilute solution of bleach.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. dilute dilutes diluting diluted
If someone or something dilutes a belief, quality, or value, they make it weaker and less effective.

- There was a clear intention to dilute black voting power.

- Serious attention is being given to diluting the value of personal tax allowances.

VB

5. dilution

- The result was a potentially devastating dilution of earnings per share.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

dilution

dilution dilutions
A dilution is a liquid that has been diluted with water or another liquid, so that it becomes weaker.

- `Aromatherapy oils' are not pure essential oils but dilutions.

N-COUNT

dilute

verb

1.

water down

adulterate

cut

make thinner

thin (out)

weaken

2.

reduce

attenuate

decrease

diffuse

diminish

lessen

mitigate

temper

weaken

dim

[D.J.:dim]

[K.K.:dɪm]

adj.

暗淡的, 昏暗的, 不明亮的

隐约的, 模糊不清的

vt. & vi.

(使)变暗淡, (使)变模糊

dimly

[D.J.:ˈdɪmlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdɪmlɪ]

adv.

昏暗地;朦胧地,模糊地

dimmer

[D.J.:ˈdimə]

[K.K.:ˈdɪmɚ]

n.

调光器

dimming

[ˈdimiŋ]

n.

减低亮度,变暗

dimness

n.

微暗,不清楚

dim **

1. dim dimmer dimmest
Dim light is not bright.

- She stood waiting, in the dim light.

- Below decks, the lights were dim.

ADJ-GRADED

2. dimly

- Two lamps burned dimly.

- He followed her into a dimly lit kitchen.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

3. dimness

- ...the dimness of an early September evening.

N-UNCOUNT

4. dim dimmer dimmest
A dim place is rather dark because there is not much light in it.

- The room was dim and cool and quiet.

ADJ-GRADED

5. dimness

- I stood just inside the doorway, squinting to adjust my eyes to the dimness.

N-UNCOUNT

6. dim dimmer dimmest
A dim figure or object is not very easy to see, either because it is in shadow or darkness, or because it is far away.

- Pete's torch picked out the dim figures of Bob and Chang.

ADJ-GRADED
= faint

7. dimly

- The shoreline could be dimly seen.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

8. dim dimmer dimmest
If you have a dim memory or understanding of something, it is difficult to remember or is unclear in your mind.

- It seems that the '60s era of social activism is all but a dim memory.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= hazy

9. dimly

- Christina dimly recalled the procedure.

- I was dimly aware that dozens of curious people were looking at us.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

10. dim dimmer dimmest
If the future of something is dim , you have no reason to feel hopeful or positive about it.

- The prospects for a peaceful solution are dim.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ hopeful promising

11. dim dimmer dimmest
If you describe someone as dim , you think that they are stupid. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED

12. dim dims dimming dimmed
If you dim a light or if it dims , it becomes less bright.

- Dim the lighting -- it is unpleasant to lie with a bright light shining in your eyes.

- The houselights dimmed.

V-ERG

13. dim dims dimming dimmed
If you are driving a car and dim the headlights, you operate a switch that makes them shine downwards, so that they do not shine directly into the eyes of other drivers. (AM; in BRIT use dip )

- Dim your lights behind that car.

VB

14. dim dims dimming dimmed
If your future, hopes, or emotions dim or if something dims them, they become less good or less strong.

- Their economic prospects have dimmed.

- Forty eight years of marriage have not dimmed the passion between Bill and Helen.

V-ERG

15. dim dims dimming dimmed
If your eyes dim or are dimmed by something, they become weaker or unable to see clearly.

- Her eyes dimmed with sorrow.

- The twinkle in his eyes was dimmed by tears.

V-ERG

16. dim dims dimming dimmed
If your memories dim or if something dims them, they become less clear in your mind.

- Their memory of what happened has dimmed.

- Not even the distance of twenty years has dimmed a memory so fraught with horror.

V-ERG

dimmer

dimmer dimmers
A dimmer or a dimmer switch is a switch that allows you to gradually change the brightness of an electric light.
N-COUNT

dim

adjective

1.

poorly lit

cloudy

dark

grey

overcast

shadowy

tenebrous

2.

unclear

bleary

blurred

faint

fuzzy

ill-defined

indistinct

obscured

shadowy

3.

stupid

dense

dozy Brit. informal

dull

dumb informal

obtuse

slow on the uptake informal

thick

take a dim view

4.

disapprove

be displeased

be sceptical

look askance

reject

suspect

take exception

view with disfavour

verb

5.

dull

blur

cloud

darken

fade

obscure

dime

[D.J.:daim]

[K.K.:daɪm]

n.

(美国、加拿大的)10分铸币

dime *

dime dimes
A dime is an American coin worth ten cents.
N-COUNT

dimension

[D.J.:diˈmenʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈmɛnʃən, daɪ-]

n.

尺寸, 度量

方面, 部分

规模, 程度

dimensions

规模;尺寸规格

dimension **

1. dimension dimensions
A particular dimension of something is a particular aspect of it.

- There is a political dimension to the accusations.

- This adds a new dimension to our work.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= aspect

2. dimension dimensions
If you talk about the dimensions of a situation or problem, you are talking about its extent and size.

- He considers the dimensions of the problem.

- The dimensions of the market collapse, in terms of turnover and price, were certainly not anticipated.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp
= scale

3. dimension dimensions
A dimension is a measurement such as length, width, or height. If you talk about the dimensions of an object or place, you are referring to its size and proportions.

- Drilling will continue on the site to assess the dimensions of the new oilfield.

- I don't think it would spoil the dimensions of the room.

- ...the grandiose dimensions of the building.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu N of n

4. dimension dimensions
In mathematics and science, dimension is used in describing spatial concepts such as points, lines, and solids.
N-COUNT

dimension

noun Informal

often plural

measurement

amplitude

bulk

capacity

extent

proportions

size

volume

diminish

[D.J.:diˈminiʃ]

[K.K.:dɪˈmɪnɪʃ]

vt. & vi.

(使)减少; 缩小

减弱…的权势

diminished

[diˈminiʃt]

adj.

减少了的,被贬低的

diminishing

[diˈminiʃiŋ]

adj.

逐渐缩小的

diminish **

1. diminish diminishes diminishing diminished
When something diminishes , or when something diminishes it, it becomes reduced in size, importance, or intensity.

- The threat of nuclear war has diminished.

- Federalism is intended to diminish the power of the central state.

- Universities are facing grave problems because of diminishing resources.

- This could mean diminished public support for the war.

V-ERG
≠ increase

2. diminish diminishes diminishing diminished
If you diminish someone or something, you talk about them or treat them in a way that makes them appear less important than they really are.

- He never put her down or diminished her.

- He could no longer cope; he relied on me, and felt diminished by it.

VB
= belittle

diminish

verb

1.

decrease

curtail

cut

lessen

lower

reduce

shrink

2.

dwindle

decline

die out

recede

subside

wane

diminished responsibility

diminished responsibility
In law, diminished responsibility is a defence which states that someone is not mentally well enough to be totally responsible for their crime.

- Borland was cleared of murder but found guilty of manslaughter on the grounds of diminished responsibility.

N-UNCOUNT

diminishing returns

diminishing returns
In economics, diminishing returns is a situation in which the increase in production, profits, or benefits resulting from something is less than the money or energy that is invested.
N-UNCOUNT

diminution

[D.J.:ˌdɪməˈnu:ʃən, -ˈnju:-]

[K.K.:ˌdɪməˈnuʃən, -ˈnju-]

n.

减小,减少,缩减

diminution

diminution
A diminution of something is its reduction in size, importance, or intensity. (FORMAL)

- The president has accepted a diminution of the powers he originally wanted.

- ...despite a slight diminution in asset value.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of/in n
= reduction

diminutive

[D.J.:dɪˈmɪnjətɪv]

[K.K.:dɪˈmɪnjətɪv]

adj.

小得出奇的,特小的

(指后缀)表示小的

diminutively

adv.

特小地,小型地

diminutiveness

n.

微小

昵称,爱称

diminutively

adv.

小地,仅仅地

diminutive *

1. diminutive
A diminutive person or object is very small.

- Her eyes scanned the room until they came to rest on a diminutive figure standing at the entrance.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= tiny

2. diminutive diminutives
A diminutive is an informal form of a name. For example, `Jim' and `Jimmy' are diminutives of `James'.
N-COUNT

3. diminutive diminutives
A diminutive is a suffix which is added to a word to show affection or to indicate that something is small. For example, `-ie' and `-ette' are diminutives, for example in `doggie' and `statuette'.
N-COUNT

diminutive

adjective

small

little

mini

miniature

minute

petite

tiny

undersized

dimple

[D.J.:ˈdɪmpəl]

[K.K.:ˈdɪmpəl]

n.

酒窝,笑窝

vt. & vi.

使起微凹,(使)现出酒窝

dimple

dimple dimples
A dimple is a small hollow in someone's cheek or chin, often one that you can see when they smile.

- Bess spoke up, smiling so that her dimples showed.

N-COUNT

dimpled

[D.J.:ˈdɪmpld]

[K.K.:ˈdɪmp l..d]

adj.

(脸上)带酒窝的,有笑靥的

dimpled

dimpled
Something that is dimpled has small hollows in it.

- ...a pleasant faced man with silvery hair and a dimpled chin.

ADJ

dimwit

[D.J.:ˈdɪmˌwɪt]

[K.K.:ˈdɪmˌwɪt]

n.

傻瓜

dimwit

dimwit dimwits
If you say that someone is a dimwit , you mean that they are ignorant and stupid. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= idiot

dim-witted

adj.

笨的，傻的

dim-witted

dim-witted
If you describe someone as dim-witted , you are saying in quite an unkind way that you do not think they are very clever. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED also dimwitted .
= stupid

din

[D.J.:dɪn]

[K.K.:dɪn]

n.

喧闹声, 嘈杂声

din *

din
A din is a very loud and unpleasant noise that lasts for some time.

- They tried to make themselves heard over the din of the crowd.

N-SING
= racket

din

noun

1.

noise

clamour

clatter

commotion

crash

pandemonium

racket

row

uproar

verb

din (something) into (someone)

2.

instil

drum into

go on at

hammer into

inculcate

instruct

teach

dinar

[D.J.:diˈnɑ:]

[K.K.:dɪˈnɑr, ˈdiˌnɑr]

n.

第纳尔(南斯拉夫、伊拉克及阿尔及利亚等国的货币单位)

dinar

1. dinar dinars
The dinar is the unit of money that is used in some north African and Middle Eastern countries, and also in the republics which were part of Yugoslavia.
N-COUNT: num N

2. dinar
The dinar is also used to refer to the currency system of these countries.
N-SING: the N

dine

[D.J.:dain]

[K.K.:daɪn]

vi.

吃饭, 进餐

vt.

设宴款待, 请客

dining

[D.J.:ˈdaɪnɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪnɪŋ]

n.

进餐

dine **

dine dines dining dined
When you dine , you have dinner. (FORMAL)

- He dines alone most nights.

- That night the two men dined at Wilson's club.

- They used to enjoy going out to dine.

VB: no passive
to wine and dine : see wine .

dine

verb

eat

banquet

feast

lunch

sup

dine on **

dine on dines on; dining on; dined on
If you dine on a particular sort of food, you have it for dinner. (WRITTEN)

- My daughters could dine on caviar and champagne for the rest of their lives.

PHR-V

dine out **

dine out dines out; dining out; dined out
If you dine out , you have dinner away from your home, usually at a restaurant.

- She does not enjoy parties or dining out.

PHR-V

diner

[D.J.:ˈdainə]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪnɚ]

n.

用餐者

diner *

1. diner diners
A diner is a small cheap restaurant that is open all day. (AM)
N-COUNT

2. diner diners
The people who are having dinner in a restaurant can be referred to as diners .

- They sat in a corner, away from other diners.

N-COUNT

ding-dong

Ⅰn.

①钟、铃声；丁当声音②〈口〉激烈的争论；争吵

Ⅱadv.

(钟、铃)丁当作响地，发出当当声地；丁丁当当声地

ding-dong

1. ding-dong
Ding-dong is used in writing to represent the sound made by a bell.

- `Ding-dong,' went the doorbell.

SOUND

2. ding-dong
A ding-dong is a lively quarrel or fight. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- My two daughters had a ding-dong.

N-SING

dinghy

[D.J.:ˈdɪŋi:]

[K.K.:ˈdɪŋi]

n.

无篷小船,小艇

橡皮艇救生船

dinghy *

dinghy dinghies
A dinghy is a small open boat that you sail or row.
N-COUNT

dingo

[D.J.:ˈdɪŋgəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈdɪŋɡo]

n.

澳洲的一种野狗

dingo

dingo dingoes
A dingo is an Australian wild dog.
N-COUNT

dinginess

[ˈdindʒinis]

n.

暗淡,肮脏

dingy

[D.J.:ˈdɪŋi:]

[K.K.:ˈdɪŋi]

adj.

暗淡的,乏味的

肮脏的

dinginess

n.

dingy

1. dingy dingier dingiest
A dingy building or place is rather dark and depressing, and perhaps dirty.

- Shaw took me to his rather dingy office.

ADJ-GRADED

2. dingy dingier dingiest
Dingy clothes, curtains, or furnishings look dirty or dull.

- ...wallpaper with stripes of dingy yellow.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

dingy

adjective

dull

dark

dim

drab

dreary

gloomy

murky

obscure

sombre

dining car

dining car dining cars
A dining car is a carriage on a train where passengers can have a meal.
N-COUNT

dining room **

dining room dining rooms
The dining room is the room in a house where people have their meals, or a room in a hotel where meals are served.
N-COUNT: usu the N also dining-room .

dining table *

dining table dining tables
A dining table is a table that is used for having meals on.
N-COUNT also dining-table .

dinky

[D.J.:ˈdiŋki]

[K.K.:ˈdɪŋki]

adj.

〈俚〉极小的,不足道的,整洁的

dinky

1. dinky
If you describe something as dinky , you mean that it is attractive and appealing, usually because it is quite small and well-designed. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Darby drove a dinky old Fiat sports car.

ADJ-GRADED approval

2. dinky
If you describe something as dinky , you mean that it is small and unimportant. (AM, INFORMAL)

- The hotels are full up, and the guests have had to go to this dinky little motel way out on Stewart Avenue.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

dinner

[D.J.:ˈdinə]

[K.K.:ˈdɪnɚ]

n.

正餐, 主餐

宴会

dinner ****

1. dinner dinners
Dinner is the main meal of the day, usually served in the early part of the evening.

- She invited us to her house for dinner.

- Would you like to stay and have dinner?.

- Enjoy your dinner.

- ...four-course dinners.

N-VAR
See also TV dinner .

2. dinner dinners
Any meal you eat in the middle of the day can be referred to as dinner .
N-VAR

3. dinner dinners
A dinner is a formal social event at which a meal is served. It is held in the evening.

- ...a series of official lunches and dinners...

- The Professional Cricketers' Association held its annual dinner in London.

N-COUNT

dinner

noun

meal

banquet

feast

main meal

repast

spread informal

dinner dance

dinner dance dinner dances
A dinner dance is a social event where a large number of people come to have dinner and to dance. Dinner dances are held in the evening at hotels, restaurants, and social clubs. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also dinner-dance .

dinner jacket

dinner jacket dinner jackets
A dinner jacket is a jacket, usually black, worn by men for formal social events. (BRIT; in AM use tuxedo )
N-COUNT also dinner-jacket .

dinner party *

dinner party dinner parties
A dinner party is a social event where a small group of people are invited to have dinner and spend the evening at someone's house.
N-COUNT

dinner service

dinner service dinner services
A dinner service is a set of plates and dishes from which meals are eaten and served. It may also include cups and saucers. (BRIT; in AM use dinnerware set )
N-COUNT

dinner table *

dinner table dinner tables
You can refer to a table as the dinner table when it is being used for dinner. (BRIT)

- Sam was left at the dinner table with Peg.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the /poss N also dinner-table .

dinnertime

[D.J.:ˈdɪnəˌtaɪm]

[K.K.:ˈdɪnɚˌtaɪm]

n.

正餐时间

dinnertime

dinnertime
Dinnertime is the period of the day when most people have their dinner.

- The telephone call came shortly before dinnertime.

- ...Sunday dinnertime.

N-UNCOUNT: oft prep N also dinner time .

dinnerware

[D.J.:ˈdinəˌweə]

[K.K.:ˈdɪnɚˌwɛr]

n.

整套的餐具

dinnerware

dinnerware
You can refer to the plates and dishes you use during a meal as dinnerware . (mainly AM)
N-UNCOUNT

dinnerware set

dinnerware set dinnerware sets
A dinnerware set is the same as a dinner service . (AM)
N-COUNT

dinosaur

[D.J.:ˈdainəsɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪnəˌsɔr]

n.

〈生〉恐龙

dinosaur **

1. dinosaur dinosaurs
Dinosaurs were large reptiles which lived in prehistoric times.
N-COUNT

2. dinosaur dinosaurs
If you refer to an organization as a dinosaur , you mean that it is large, inefficient, and out of date.

- ...industrial dinosaurs.

N-COUNT disapproval

dint

[D.J.:dɪnt]

[K.K.:dɪnt]

n.

凹痕;凹坑

by dint of sth/doing sth

作为(做)…的结果； 凭借…

dint

dint
If you achieve a result by dint of something, you achieve it by means of that thing. (WRITTEN)

- He succeeds by dint of sheer hard work.

- He has acquired, by dint of threatening to resign, a directorate-general with about 150 officials.

PHR-PREP
= by means of

diocesan

[D.J.:daiˈɔsisən]

[K.K.:daɪˈɑsɪsən]

adj.

主教管区的

n.

教区主教

diocesan

diocesan
Diocesan means belonging or relating to a diocese.

- The church commissioners are cutting their contributions to diocesan funds.

- ...the diocesan synod.

ADJ: ADJ n

diocese

[D.J.:ˈdaiəsis]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪəsɪs, -ˌsis, -ˌsiz]

n.

主教管区, 教区

diocese *

diocese dioceses
A diocese is the area over which a bishop has control.
N-COUNT

dioxin

[D.J.:daiˈɔksin]

[K.K.:daɪˈɑksɪn]

n.

二氧(杂)芑

dioxin

dioxin dioxins
Dioxins are poisonous chemicals which occur as a by-product of the manufacture of certain weedkillers and disinfectants.
N-VAR

dip

[D.J.:dip]

[K.K.:dɪp]

vt.

浸, 蘸

洗药水浴

vt. & vi.

(使)微降, (使)下沉

(使)向下再向上

n.

洗澡, 泡水

倾斜, 凹陷处; 下

dipping

[ˈdipiŋ]

n.

浸渍,蘸

adj.

(可)调好近光的

dip **

1. dip dips dipping dipped
If you dip something into a liquid, you put it into the liquid for a short time, so that only part of it is covered, and take it out again.

- They dip the food into the sauce.

- Quickly dip the base in and out of cold water.

VB
= dunk

2. dip dips
Also a noun.

- One dip into the bottle should do an entire nail.

N-COUNT

3. dip dips dipping dipped
If you dip your hand into a container or dip into the container, you put your hand into it in order to take something out of it.

- She dipped a hand into the jar of sweets and pulled one out.

- Watch your fingers as you dip into the pot.

- Ask the children to guess what's in each container by dipping their hands in.

VB

4. dip dips dipping dipped
If something dips , it makes a downward movement, usually quite quickly.

- Blake jumped in expertly; the boat dipped slightly under his weight.

- The sun dipped below the horizon.

VB

5. dip dips
Also a noun.

- I noticed little things, a dip of the head, a twitch in the shoulder.

N-COUNT

6. dip dips dipping dipped
If an area of land, a road, or a path dips , it goes down quite suddenly to a lower level.

- The road dipped and rose again as it neared the top of Parker Mountain.

- ...a path which suddenly dips down into a tunnel.

VB

7. dip dips
Also a noun.

- Where the road makes a dip, soon after a small vineyard on the right, turn right.

N-COUNT

8. dip dips dipping dipped
When farmers dip sheep or other farm animals, they put them into a container of liquid with chemicals in it, in order to kill harmful insects which live on the animals' bodies.

- Their father was helping to dip the sheep.

VB

9. dipping

- He digs potatoes and helps with the sheep dipping.

N-UNCOUNT

10. dip
Dip is a liquid with chemicals in it which animals or objects can be dipped in to disinfect or clean them.

- ...sheep dip.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, usu supp N

11. dip dips dipping dipped
If the amount or level of something dips , it becomes smaller or lower, usually only for a short period of time.

- Unemployment dipped to 6.9 per cent last month.

- The president became more cautious as his popularity dipped.

VB
= decrease fall

12. dip dips
Also a noun.

- ...the current dip in farm spending.

N-COUNT: oft N in n

13. dip dips
A dip is a thick creamy sauce. You dip pieces of raw vegetable or biscuits into the sauce and then eat them.

- Maybe we could just buy some dips.

- ...prawns with avocado dip.

N-VAR

14. dip dips
If you have or take a dip , you go for a quick swim in the sea, a river, or a swimming pool.

- She flicked through a romantic paperback between occasional dips in the pool.

N-COUNT
= swim

15. dip dips dipping dipped
If you are driving a car and dip the headlights, you operate a switch that makes them shine downwards, so that they do not shine directly into the eyes of other drivers. (BRIT; in AM use dim )

- He dipped his headlights as they came up behind a slow-moving van.

- This picture shows the view from a car using normal dipped lights.

VB

16. dip dips dipping dipped
If you dip into a book, you have a brief look at it without reading or studying it seriously.

- ...a chance to dip into a wide selection of books on Tibetan Buddhism.

VB

17. dip dips dipping dipped
If you dip into a sum of money that you had intended to save, you use some of it to buy something or pay for something.

- Just when she was ready to dip into her savings, Greg hastened to her rescue.

VB

dip

verb

1.

plunge

bathe

douse

duck

dunk

immerse

2.

slope

decline

descend

drop (down)

fall

lower

sink

subside

noun

3.

plunge

douche

drenching

ducking

immersion

soaking

4.

bathe

dive

plunge

swim

5.

hollow

basin

concavity

depression

hole

incline

slope

6.

drop

decline

fall

lowering

sag

slip

slump

Dip.

Dip.
Dip. is a written abbreviation for diploma .

diphtheria

[D.J.:dɪfˈθɪəri:ə, dɪp-]

[K.K.:dɪfˈθɪriə, dɪp-]

n.

白喉

diphtheria

diphtheria
Diphtheria is a dangerous infectious disease which causes fever and difficulty in breathing and swallowing.
N-UNCOUNT

diphthong

[D.J.:ˈdɪfˌθɔ:ŋ, -ˌθɔŋ, ˈdɪp-]

[K.K.:ˈdɪfˌθɔŋ, -ˌθɑŋ, ˈdɪp-]

n.

双元音

diphthong

diphthong diphthongs
A diphthong is a vowel in which the speaker's tongue changes position while it is being pronounced, so that the vowel sounds like a combination of two other vowels. The vowel sound in `tail' is a diphthong.
N-COUNT

diploma

[D.J.:diˈpləumə]

[K.K.:dɪˈplomə]

n.

毕业文凭, 学位证书, 执照

diploma *

diploma diplomas
A diploma is a qualification which may be awarded to a student by a university or college, or by a high school in the United States.

- ...a new two-year course leading to a diploma in social work.

N-COUNT

diplomacy

[D.J.:dɪˈpləʊməsi:]

[K.K.:dɪˈploməsi]

n.

外交, 外交手腕, 外交术

交际手腕, 处世之道

diplomacy **

1. diplomacy
Diplomacy is the activity or profession of managing relations between the governments of different countries.

- Today's Security Council resolution will be a significant success for American diplomacy.

- The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.

N-UNCOUNT
See also shuttle diplomacy .

2. diplomacy
Diplomacy is the skill of being careful to say or do things which will not offend people.

- He stormed off in a fury, and it took all Minnelli's powers of diplomacy to get him to return.

N-UNCOUNT

diplomacy

noun

1.

statesmanship

international negotiation

statecraft

2.

tact

artfulness

craft

delicacy

discretion

finesse

savoir-faire

skill

subtlety

diplomat

[D.J.:ˈdipləmæt]

[K.K.:ˈdɪpləˌmæt]

n.

外交官

有手腕的人, 善于交际的人

diplomat ***

diplomat diplomats
A diplomat is a senior official who discusses affairs with another country on behalf of his or her own country, usually working as a member of an embassy.
N-COUNT

diplomat

noun

negotiator

conciliator

go-between

mediator

moderator

politician

tactician

diplomatic

[D.J.:ˌdipləˈmætik]

[K.K.:ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk]

adj.

外交上的, 外交人员的

有手腕的, 策略的, 善于交涉的, 圆滑的

diplomatically

[ˌdipləˈmætikəli]

adv.

外交上,外交地

diplomatic ***

1. diplomatic
Diplomatic means relating to diplomacy and diplomats.

- ...before the two countries resume full diplomatic relations...

- Efforts are being made to avert war and find a diplomatic solution.

- These diplomatic skills led to her appointment as the President of the United Nations General Assembly.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. diplomatically

- ...a growing sense of doubt that the conflict can be resolved diplomatically...

- The President made it clear he did not want to see the country diplomatically isolated.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. diplomatic
Someone who is diplomatic is able to be careful to say or do things without offending people.

- She is very direct. I tend to be more diplomatic, I suppose.

ADJ-GRADED

4. diplomatically

- `I really like their sound, although I'm not crazy about their lyrics,' he says, diplomatically.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

diplomatic

adjective

tactful

adept

discreet

polite

politic

prudent

sensitive

subtle

diplomatic bag

diplomatic bag diplomatic bags
A diplomatic bag is a bag or container in which mail is sent to and from foreign embassies. Diplomatic bags are protected by law, so that they are not opened by anyone except the official or embassy they are addressed to. (BRIT; in AM use diplomatic pouch )
N-COUNT

diplomatic corps

diplomatic corps
The diplomatic corps is the group of all the diplomats who work in one city or country.
N-COUNT-COLL: usu the N diplomatic corps is both the singular and the plural form

diplomatic immunity

diplomatic immunity
Diplomatic immunity is the freedom from legal action and from paying taxes that a diplomat has in the country in which he or she is working.

- He was arrested along with an embassy official who claimed diplomatic immunity and was later released.

N-UNCOUNT

diplomatic pouch

diplomatic pouch diplomatic pouches
A diplomatic pouch is the same as a diplomatic bag . (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

diplomatic service

diplomatic service
The diplomatic service is the government department that employs diplomats to work in foreign countries. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use foreign service )
N-PROPER: the N

dippy

[D.J.:ˈdipi]

[K.K.:ˈdɪpi]

adj.

脑筋不正常的,昏头昏脑的

dippy

dippy
If you describe someone as dippy , you mean that they are slightly odd or unusual, but in a way that you find charming and attractive. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED

dipstick

[D.J.:ˈdipstik]

[K.K.:ˈdɪpˌstɪk]

n.

量油计

dipstick

dipstick dipsticks
A dipstick is a metal rod with marks along one end. It is used to measure the amount of liquid in a container, especially the amount of oil in a car engine.
N-COUNT

dire

[D.J.:daɪə]

[K.K.:daɪr]

adj.

可怕的, 恐怖的

dire *

1. dire
Dire is used to emphasize how serious or terrible a situation or event is.

- The government looked as if it would split apart, with dire consequences for domestic peace.

- He was in dire need of hospital treatment.

- ...dire poverty.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis
= awful

2. dire
If you describe something as dire , you are emphasizing that it is of very low quality. (INFORMAL)

- ...a book of children's verse, which ranged from the barely tolerable to the utterly dire.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ emphasis

dire

adjective

1.

disastrous

awful

calamitous

catastrophic

horrible

ruinous

terrible

woeful

2.

desperate

critical

crucial

drastic

extreme

now or never

pressing

urgent

3.

grim

dismal

dreadful

fearful

gloomy

ominous

portentous

direct

[D.J.:diˈrekt]

[K.K.:dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ-]

adj.

直的, 笔直的, 径直的

直接的, 直系的

率直的, 坦率的, 坦白的

恰好的, 完全的

adv.

径直地, 笔直地

直接地, 亲自地

vt.

指示方向, 指引

在…上写姓名和地址

vt. & vi.

指导, 导演, 管理

directed

[diˈrektid]

adj.

有指导的;有管理的;定向的;被控制的

direction

[D.J.:diˈrekʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈrɛkʃən, daɪ-]

n.

方向, 趋向, 趋势, 动向

方面, 范围

指南, 指示, 说明

管理, 指导

姓名和地址

directly

[D.J.:diˈrektli]

[K.K.:dɪˈrɛktli, daɪ-]

adv.

直接地, 径直地, 直爽地

立即, 马上, 很快地

conj.

一…就…

directness

[diˈrektnis]

n.

笔直,率直,直接

direct *****

1. direct
Direct means moving towards a place or object, without changing direction and without stopping, for example in a journey.

- They'd come on a direct flight from Athens.

- ...the direct route from Amman to Bombay.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ indirect

2. direct
Also an adverb.

- You can fly direct to Amsterdam from most British airports.

ADV: ADV after v

3. directly

- The jumbo jet is due to fly the hostages directly back to London.

ADV: ADV after v

4. direct
If something is in direct heat or light, it is strongly affected by the heat or light, because there is nothing between it and the source of heat or light to protect it.

- All medicines should be stored away from moisture, direct sunlight and heat.

- Direct illumination is harsh and unflattering.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. direct
You use direct to describe an experience, activity, or system which only involves the people, actions, or things that are necessary to make it happen.

- He has direct experience of the process of privatisation.

- He seemed to be in direct contact with the Boss.

- He is expected to extend direct rule by the central government for another six months.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

6. direct
Also an adverb.

- I can deal direct with your Inspector Kimble.

- Write to us direct with details of your clubs.

ADV: ADV after v

7. directly

- We cannot measure pain directly. It can only be estimated.

- The British could do nothing directly to help the Austrians.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

8. direct
You use direct to emphasize the closeness of a connection between two things.

- They were unable to prove that the unfortunate lady had died as a direct result of his injection.

- His visit is direct evidence of the improvement in their relationship.

- The minister denied there was a direct connection between the two issues.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis
≠ indirect

9. direct
If you describe a person or their behaviour as direct , you mean that they are honest and open, and say exactly what they mean.

- He avoided giving a direct answer.

- The new songs are more direct.

- No direct reference was made to the call by the Foreign Office minister.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ indirect

10. directly

- At your first meeting, explain simply and directly what you hope to achieve.

- But he then went on to refer very directly to the argument.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

11. directness

- Using `I' ensures clarity and directness, and it adds warmth to a piece of writing.

- `I like Rupert enormously,' she said, with a directness which made Pat flush.

N-UNCOUNT

12. direct directs directing directed
If you direct something at a particular thing, you aim or point it at that thing.

- I reached the cockpit and directed the extinguisher at the fire without effect.

- He directed the tiny beam of light at the roof.

VB
= aim

13. direct directs directing directed
If your attention, emotions, or actions are directed at a particular person or thing, you are focusing them on that person or thing.

- The learner's attention needs to be directed to the significant features.

- Do not be surprised if, initially, she directs her anger at you.

- One assassination attempt was directed against the country's top three government leaders.

VB
= focus

14. direct directs directing directed
If a remark or look is directed at you, someone says something to you or looks at you.

- She could hardly believe the question was directed towards her.

- The abuse was directed at the TV crews.

- Arnold directed a meaningful look at Irma.

VB

15. direct directs directing directed
If you direct someone somewhere, you tell them how to get there.

- Could you direct them to Dr Lamont's office, please?.

- Inside, a guard directed them to the right.

VB

16. direct directs directing directed
When someone directs a project or a group of people, they are responsible for organizing the people and activities that are involved.

- Christopher will direct day-to-day operations.

- ...his coolness in directing the rescue of nine hostages.

VB
= oversee

17. direction

- Organizations need clear direction, set priorities and performance standards, and clear controls.

- The house was built under the direction of John's partner.

N-UNCOUNT

18. direct directs directing directed
When someone directs a film, play, or television programme, they are responsible for the way in which it is performed and for telling the actors and assistants what to do.

- He directed various TV shows.

- The film was directed by Howard Hawks.

- ...Miss Birkin's long-held ambition to direct as well as act.

VB

19. direct directs directing directed
If you are directed to do something, someone in authority tells you to do it. (FORMAL)

- They have been directed to give special attention to the problem of poverty.

- The Bishop directed the faithful to stay at home.

VB

20. direct
If you are a direct descendant of someone, you are related to them through your parents and your grandparents and so on.

- She is a direct descendant of Queen Victoria.

ADJ: ADJ n

direction ****

1. direction directions
A direction is the general line that someone or something is moving or pointing in.

- St Andrews was ten miles in the opposite direction.

- He got into Margie's car and swung out onto the road in the direction of Larry's shop.

- Civilians were fleeing in all directions as soldiers yelled at them to get off the streets.

- The instruments will register every change of direction or height.

N-VAR: usu with supp

2. direction directions
A direction is the general way in which something develops or progresses.

- They threatened to lead a mass walk-out if the party did not sharply change direction.

- I've never done any sustained writing, but that might be one of my next directions.

N-VAR: usu with supp

3. direction directions
Directions are instructions that tell you what to do, how to do something, or how to get somewhere.

- I should know by now not to throw away the directions until we've finished cooking.

- He proceeded to give Dan directions to the computer room.

N-PLURAL: with supp

4. direction
The direction of a film, play, or television programme is the work that the director does while it is being made.

- His failures underline the difference between theatre and film direction.

N-UNCOUNT

directly *

1. directly
If something is directly above, below, or in front of something, it is in exactly that position.

- The second rainbow will be bigger than the first, and directly above it.

- There, directly below me, was a guy holding the ball.

- The naked bulb was directly over his head.

- They are sleeping in the carpenter's shop directly above.

ADV: ADV prep/adv
= exactly right

2. directly
If you do one action directly after another, you do the second action as soon as the first one is finished.

- Directly after the meeting, a senior cabinet minister spoke to the BBC.

- Directly after lunch we were packed and ready to go.

- Directly following this treatment, he had a hollow, empty feeling in his stomach.

ADV: ADV prep/adv
= immediately

3. directly
If something happens directly , it happens without any delay. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- He will be there directly.

ADV: ADV after v

direct

adjective

1.

straight

nonstop

not crooked

shortest

through

unbroken

uninterrupted

2.

immediate

face-to-face

first-hand

head-on

personal

3.

honest

candid

frank

open

plain-spoken

straight

straightforward

upfront informal

4.

explicit

absolute

blunt

categorical

downright

express

plain

point-blank

unambiguous

unequivocal

verb

5.

control

conduct

guide

handle

lead

manage

oversee

run

supervise

6.

order

bid

charge

command

demand

dictate

instruct

7.

guide

indicate

lead

point in the direction of

point the way

show

8.

address

label

mail

route

send

9.

aim

focus

level

point

train

direction

noun

1.

way

aim

bearing

course

line

path

road

route

track

2.

management

administration

charge

command

control

guidance

leadership

order

supervision

directions

plural noun

instructions

briefing

guidance

guidelines

plan

recommendation

regulations

directly

adverb

1.

straight

by the shortest route

exactly

in a beeline

precisely

unswervingly

without deviation

2.

honestly

openly

plainly

point-blank

straightforwardly

truthfully

unequivocally

3.

at once

as soon as possible

forthwith

immediately

promptly

right away

straightaway

direct action

direct action
Direct action involves doing something such as going on strike or demonstrating in order to put pressure on an employer or government to do what you want, instead of trying to talk to them.

- Only with mass direct action will we obtain such change.

N-UNCOUNT

direct current

direct current direct currents
A direct current is an electric current that always flows in the same direction. The abbreviation DC is also used.

- Some kinds of batteries can be recharged by connecting them to a source of direct current.

N-VAR

direct debit

direct debit direct debits
If you pay a bill by direct debit , you give permission for the company who is owed money to transfer the correct amount from your bank account into theirs, usually every month. (mainly BRIT)

- Switch to paying your mortgage by direct debit -- you don't have to keep notifying the bank to alter your repayments.

N-VAR

direct discourse

direct discourse
In grammar, direct discourse is speech which is reported by using the exact words that the speaker used. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use direct speech )
N-UNCOUNT

direct hit

direct hit direct hits
If a place suffers a direct hit , a bomb, bullet, or other missile that has been aimed at it lands exactly in that place, rather than some distance away.

- The dug-outs were secure from everything but a direct hit.

N-COUNT

directional

[D.J.:diˈrekʃənəl]

[K.K.:dɪˈrɛkʃənəl, daɪ-]

adj.

方向的

directional

1. directional
If something such as a radio aerial, microphone, or loudspeaker is directional , it works most effectively in one direction, rather than equally in all directions at once. (TECHNICAL)

- Dish aerials are highly directional.

- The directional microphone trained on Foresters Cottage could pick up every word uttered inside at several hundred yards.

ADJ-GRADED

2. directional
Directional means relating to the direction in which something is pointing or going. (TECHNICAL)

- Jets of compressed air gave the aircraft lateral and directional stability.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

directionless

directionless
If you describe an activity or an organization as directionless , you mean that it does not seem to have any point or purpose. If you describe a person as directionless , you mean that they do not seem to have any plans or ideas.

- ...his seemingly disorganized and directionless campaign...

- I was still fairly directionless, and went into secretarial temping for British Gas.

ADJ-GRADED
= aimless

directive

[D.J.:dɪˈrektɪv, daɪ-]

[K.K.:dɪˈrɛktɪv, daɪ-]

n.

正式的指示,官方的指示;指令

directive **

directive directives
A directive is an official instruction that is given by someone in authority.

- Thanks to a new EC directive, insecticide labelling will be more specific.

N-COUNT
= ruling

directive

noun

order

command

decree

edict

injunction

instruction

mandate

regulation

ruling

direct mail

direct mail
Direct mail is a method of marketing which involves companies sending advertising material directly to people who they think may be interested in their products.

- ...efforts to solicit new customers by direct mail and television advertising...

- Direct mail advertising is of course a huge business.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also direct-mail .

direct marketing

direct marketing
Direct marketing is the same as direct mail .

- The direct marketing industry has become adept at packaging special offers.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

direct object

direct object direct objects
In grammar, the direct object of a transitive verb is the noun group which refers to someone or something directly affected by or involved in the action performed by the subject. For example, in `I saw him yesterday', `him' is the direct object. Compare indirect object .
N-COUNT
= object

director

[D.J.:diˈrektə]

[K.K.:dɪˈrɛktɚ, daɪ-]

n.

主管, 董事

负责人, 主任, 校长

导演

director *****

1. director directors
The director of a play, film, or television programme is the person who decides how it will appear on stage or screen, and who tells the actors and technical staff what to do.
N-COUNT

2. director directors
In some organizations and public authorities, the person in charge is referred to as the director .

- ...the director of the intensive care unit at Guy's Hospital.

- ...the Director of Public Prosecutions...

- She has just been appointed artistic director of Queensland Theatre Company.

N-COUNT: oft the N

3. director directors
The directors of a company are its most senior managers, who meet regularly to make important decisions about how it will be run.

- He served on the board of directors of a local bank.

- ...Karl Uggerholt, the financial director of Braun UK.

N-COUNT

4. director directors
The director of an orchestra or choir is the person who is conducting it. (AM; in BRIT use conductor )
N-COUNT
= conductor

director

noun

controller

administrator

chief

executive

governor

head

leader

manager

supervisor

directorate

[D.J.:diˈrektərit]

[K.K.:dɪˈrɛktərɪt, daɪ-]

n.

主管的职位或职务; 导演的职位或职务

董事会, 理事会

directorate *

1. directorate directorates
A directorate is a board of directors in a company or organization.

- The European Central Bank would be managed by a directorate of around five professional bankers.

N-COUNT

2. directorate directorates
A directorate is a part of a government department which is responsible for one particular thing.

- ...the Health and Safety Directorate of the EC.

N-COUNT: with supp

director general **

director general directors general
The director general of a large organization such as the BBC is the person who is in charge of it.
N-COUNT: usu sing also director-general .

directorial

[D.J.:diˌrekˈtɔ:riəl]

[K.K.:dɪˌrɛkˈtɔriəl, -ˈtor-, daɪ-]

adj.

指挥的,指挥者的,管理的

directorial

directorial
Directorial means relating to the job of being a film or theatre director.

- In the later stages of his directorial career, Orson Welles began work on several ambitious films.

- ...Nora Ephron's directorial debut.

ADJ: ADJ n

directorship

n.

管理者的职位

directorship

directorship directorships
A directorship is the job or position of a company director.

- Barry resigned his directorship in December 1973.

N-COUNT

directory

[D.J.:diˈrektəri]

[K.K.:dɪˈrɛktəri, daɪ-]

n.

人名地址录, (电话)号码簿

directory **

directory directories
A directory is a book which gives lists of facts, for example people's names, addresses, and telephone numbers, or the names and addresses of business companies, usually arranged in alphabetical order.

- ...a telephone directory.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, n N

directory enquiries

directory enquiries
Directory enquiries is a service which you can telephone to find out someone's telephone number. (BRIT; in AM use information or directory assistance )

- He dialled directory enquiries.

N-UNCOUNT

direct rule

direct rule
Direct rule is a system in which a central government rules an area which has had its own parliament or law-making organization in the past.
N-UNCOUNT

direct speech

direct speech
In grammar, direct speech is speech which is reported by using the exact words that the speaker used. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use direct discourse )
N-UNCOUNT

direct tax

direct tax direct taxes
A direct tax is a tax which a person or organization pays directly to the government, for example income tax.
N-COUNT

direct taxation

direct taxation
Direct taxation is a system in which a government raises money by means of direct taxes.
N-UNCOUNT

dirge

[D.J.:dɜ:dʒ]

[K.K.:də..dʒ]

n.

挽歌

忧伤的歌;哀歌

dirge

dirge dirges
A dirge is a slow, sad song or piece of music. Dirges are sometimes performed at funerals.

- ...the mournful dirge, `Erin's Lament'.

N-COUNT: usu sing

dirge

noun

lament

dead march

elegy

funeral song

requiem

threnody

dirt

[D.J.:də:t]

[K.K.:dɚt]

n.

污垢, 灰尘, 脏土

泥土, 散土

下流想法; 下流话

恶言, 丑闻

dirt **

1. dirt
If there is dirt on something, there is dust, mud, or a stain on it.

- I started to scrub off the dirt.

N-UNCOUNT
= grime

2. dirt
You can refer to the earth on the ground as dirt , especially when it is dusty.

- They all sit on the dirt in the dappled shade of a tree.

N-UNCOUNT
= earth

3. dirt
A dirt road or track is made from hard earth. A dirt floor is made from earth without any cement, stone, or wood laid on it.

- I drove along the dirt road.

- The rooster chased me across the dirt floor of the barn.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. dirt
If you say that you have dirt on someone, you mean that you have information that could harm their reputation or career. (INFORMAL)

- Steve was mad keen to get all the dirt he could on the Langenbach woman.

- Both parties use computers to dig up dirt on their opponents.

N-SING: oft the N, N on n

5. dirt
If someone dishes the dirt on you, they say bad things about you, without worrying if they are true or not, or if they will damage your reputation. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He dishes the dirt on his buddies.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR on n disapproval

6. dirt
If you say that someone treats you like dirt , you are angry with them because you think that they treat you unfairly and with no respect.

- People think they can treat me like dirt!

PHR: V inflects disapproval

dirt

noun

1.

filth

dust

grime

impurity

muck

mud

2.

soil

clay

earth

loam

3.

obscenity

indecency

pornography

sleaze

smut

dirt-cheap

[D.J.:ˈdɜ:tˈtʃi:p]

[K.K.:ˈdɚtˈtʃip]

adj.

毫无价值的,贱如粪土的

adv.

非常便宜地

dirt-cheap

dirt-cheap
If you say that something is dirt-cheap , you are emphasizing that it is very cheap indeed. (INFORMAL)

- They're always selling off stuff like that dirt cheap.

- He got me a bass dirt cheap.

ADJ emphasis

dirt-poor

[D.J.:ˈdə:tˈpuə]

[K.K.:ˈdɚtˈpʊr]

adj.

非常穷困的

dirt-poor

dirt-poor
A dirt-poor person or place is extremely poor.

- ...a young boy growing up in dirt poor Louisiana.

ADJ also dirt poor

dirty

[D.J.:ˈdə:ti]

[K.K.:ˈdɚti]

adj.

肮脏的

下流的, 淫秽的

卑劣的, 不公平的

恶劣的

vt. & vi.

弄脏

dirty ***

1. dirty dirtier dirtiest
If something is dirty , it is marked or covered with stains, spots, or mud, and needs to be cleaned.

- She still did not like the woman who had dirty fingernails.

- The dress had been brightly coloured, but it was stained and dirty now.

ADJ-GRADED
= grubby ≠ clean

2. dirty dirties dirtying dirtied
To dirty something means to cause it to become dirty.

- He was afraid the dog's hairs might dirty the seats.

- With poor quality tapes you could also risk dirtying the heads on your video recorder.

VB

3. dirty dirtier dirtiest
If you describe an action as dirty , you disapprove of it and consider it unfair, immoral, or dishonest.

- The gunman had been hired by a rival Mafia family to do the dirty deed.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

4. dirty
Also an adverb.

- Jim Browne is the kind of fellow who can fight dirty, but make you like it.

ADV: ADV after v

5. dirty dirtier dirtiest
If you describe something such as a joke, a book, or someone's language as dirty , you mean that it refers to sex in a way that some people find offensive.

- He laughed at their dirty jokes and sang their raucous ballads.

- Of course lots of kids read dirty books in their rooms and hide them under the mattress.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= smutty

6. dirty
Also an adverb.

- I'm often asked whether the men talk dirty to me. The answer is no.

ADV: ADV after v

7. dirty
Dirty is used before words of criticism to emphasize that you do not approve of someone or something. (INFORMAL)

- You dirty liar, don't try to be funny with me. I made you what you are.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

8. dirty
If you say that someone washes their dirty linen in public , you disapprove of their discussing or arguing about unpleasant or private things in front of other people. There are several other forms of this expression, for example wash your dirty laundry in public , or in American English, air your dirty laundry in public .

- The spectacle of the former naval officers washing their dirty linen in public was distinctly embarrassing.

- We shouldn't wash our dirty laundry in public and if I was in his position, I'd say nothing at all.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

9. dirty
If someone gives you a dirty look , they look at you in a way which shows that they are angry with you. (INFORMAL)

- Jack was being a real pain. Michael gave him a dirty look and walked out.

PHR: N inflects, PHR after v

10. dirty
Dirty old man is an expression some people use to describe an older man who they think shows an unnatural interest in sex.

- He was always trying it on. But now he's 71, it's causing problems. He's just a dirty old man.

PHR: N inflects, usu vlink PHR disapproval

11. dirty
To do someone's dirty work means to do a task for them that is dishonest or unpleasant and which they do not want to do themselves.

- As a member of an elite army hit squad, the army would send us out to do their dirty work for them.

PHR: V inflects

12. dirty
A dirty weekend is a weekend during which two people go away together, mainly in order to have sex. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
PHR: N inflects

13. dirty
If you say that an expression is a dirty word in a particular group of people, you mean it refers to an idea that they strongly dislike or disagree with.

- Marketing became a dirty word at the company.

PHR: v-link PHR

dirty

adjective

1.

filthy

foul

grimy

grubby

messy

mucky

muddy

polluted

soiled

unclean

2.

dishonest

crooked

fraudulent

illegal

treacherous

unfair

unscrupulous

unsporting

3.

obscene

blue

indecent

pornographic

salacious

sleazy

smutty

a dirty look

4.

angry

annoyed

bitter

choked

indignant

offended

resentful

scorching

verb

5.

soil

blacken

defile

foul

muddy

pollute

smirch

spoil

stain

dirty trick *

dirty trick dirty tricks
You describe the actions of an organization or political group as dirty tricks when you think they are using illegal methods to harm the reputation or effectiveness of their rivals.

- He claimed he was the victim of a dirty tricks campaign in the run-up to last year's general election.

N-COUNT: usu pl

dis-

pref.

表示“分开,分离,否定,不”之义

dis-

dis-
Dis- is added to some words that describe processes, qualities, or states, in order to form words describing the opposite processes, qualities, or states. For example, if you do not agree with someone, you disagree with them; if one thing is not similar to something else, it is dissimilar to it.
PREFIX

disability

[D.J.:ˌdisəˈbiliti]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈbɪlɪti]

n.

无能力, 无力

残疾, 伤残

disability **

1. disability disabilities
A disability is a permanent injury, illness, or physical or mental condition that tends to restrict the way that someone can live their life.

- Facilities for people with disabilities are still insufficient.

- ...athletes who have overcome a physical disability to reach the top of their sport.

N-COUNT
= handicap

2. disability
Disability is the state of being disabled.

- Disability can make extra demands on financial resources because the disabled need extra care.

N-UNCOUNT

disability

noun

1.

handicap

affliction

ailment

complaint

defect

disorder

impairment

infirmity

malady

2.

incapacity

inability

unfitness

disable

[D.J.:disˈeibl]

[K.K.:dɪsˈebəl]

vt.

使无能力; 使残废

disabled

[D.J.:dɪsˈeɪbəld]

[K.K.:dɪsˈebəld]

adj.

残废的;有缺陷的

disable *

1. disable disables disabling disabled
If an injury or illness disables someone, it affects them so badly that it restricts the way that they can live their life.

- She did all this tendon damage and it really disabled her.

- Although disabled by polio during the Second World War, Proctor was also a first-rate helmsman.

VB
= handicap

2. disabling

- The result is skin ulcers which, although not life-threatening, are disfiguring and sometimes disabling.

ADJ-GRADED

3. disable disables disabling disabled
If someone or something disables a system or mechanism, they stop it working, usually temporarily.

- ...if you need to disable a car alarm.

VB

disabled **

1. disabled
Someone who is disabled has an illness, injury, or condition that tends to restrict the way that they can live their life, especially by making it difficult for them to move about.

- ...an insight into the practical problems encountered by disabled people in the workplace.

ADJ-GRADED
= handicapped

2. disabled
People who are disabled are sometimes referred to as the disabled .

- There are toilet facilities for the disabled.

N-PLURAL: the N

disable

verb

1.

handicap

cripple

damage

enfeeble

immobilize

impair

incapacitate

paralyse

2.

disqualify

invalidate

render or declare incapable

disabled

adjective

handicapped

crippled

incapacitated

infirm

lame

paralysed

weakened

disablement

[diˈseiblmənt]

n.

无力化,无能力

disablement

disablement
Disablement is the state of being disabled or the experience of becoming disabled. (FORMAL)

- ...permanent total disablement resulting in inability to work.

N-UNCOUNT

disabuse

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəˈbju:z]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈbjuz]

vt.

去除…的错误想法

使醒悟

disabuse

disabuse disabuses disabusing disabused
If you disabuse someone of something, you tell them or persuade them that what they believe is in fact untrue. (FORMAL)

- Their view of country people was that they like to please strangers. I did not disabuse them of this notion.

VB

disadvantage

[D.J.:ˌdisədˈvɑ:ntidʒ]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪdʒ]

n.

不利, 劣势, 短处

disadvantage **

1. disadvantage disadvantages
A disadvantage is a factor which makes someone or something less useful, acceptable, or successful than other people or things.

- His two main rivals suffer the disadvantage of having been long-term political exiles.

- Military commanders had been weighing up the advantages and disadvantages of allowing their soldiers to marry.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
≠ advantage

2. disadvantage
If you are at a disadvantage , you have a problem or difficulty that many other people do not have, which makes it harder for you to be successful.

- The children from poor families were at a distinct disadvantage.

- England's players would be left at a disadvantage against those of the rest of the world.

PHR: v-link PHR

3. disadvantage
If something is to your disadvantage or works to your disadvantage , it creates difficulties for you.

- ...an opposition attempt to prevent a snap election which would be to their disadvantage...

- Depression is the third thing that works to my patients' disadvantage.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v
= to your detriment

disadvantage

noun

1.

harm

damage

detriment

disservice

hurt

injury

loss

prejudice

2.

drawback

downside

handicap

inconvenience

nuisance

snag

trouble

disadvantaged

[D.J.:disədˈvɑ:ntidʒ]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪdʒd]

adj.

贫穷的,处于不利地位的

disadvantaged *

1. disadvantaged
People who are disadvantaged or live in disadvantaged areas live in bad conditions and tend not to get a good education or have a reasonable standard of living.

- ...the educational problems of disadvantaged children...

- The centre aims to help disadvantaged areas of Europe, mainly by fostering new businesses.

ADJ-GRADED
= deprived

2. disadvantaged
The disadvantaged are people who are disadvantaged.

- ...people who claim to be champions of the poor, the disadvantaged, and the helpless.

N-PLURAL: the N

disadvantageous

[D.J.:ˌdisædvɑ:nˈteidʒəs]

[K.K.:dɪsˌædvənˈtedʒəs, ˌdɪsædvən-]

adj.

不利的,诽谤的,不便的

disadvantageous

disadvantageous
Something that is disadvantageous to you puts you in a worse position than other people.

- The Second World War started in the most disadvantageous possible way for the western powers.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to/for n
= unfavourable

disaffected

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəˈfektɪd]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈfɛktɪd]

adj.

不满的;不忠的

disaffected *

disaffected
Disaffected people no longer fully support something such as an organization or political ideal which they previously supported.

- He attracts disaffected voters.

- Environmental issues provided a rallying point for people disaffected with the government.

ADJ-GRADED

disaffection

[D.J.:dɪsəˈfekʃən]

n.

不忠

(政治上)不满

disaffection

disaffection
Disaffection is the attitude that people have when they stop supporting something such as an organization or political ideal.

- The media were eager to find evidence of the Cuban people's disaffection with their country and its leaders.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N with n

disagree

[D.J.:ˌdisəˈɡri:]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈɡri]

vi.

不同意, 不一致

(食物)有害健康; 不适合

disagree **

1. disagree disagrees disagreeing disagreed
If you disagree with someone or disagree with what they say, you do not accept that what they say is true or correct. You can also say that two people disagree .

- You must continue to see them no matter how much you may disagree with them.

- They can communicate even when they strongly disagree.

- `I think it is inappropriate to put up a statue.'`Well, I disagree. We've got a statue for Churchill and Nelson.'.

- The two men had disagreed about reincarnation.

V-RECIP
≠ agree

2. disagree disagrees disagreeing disagreed
If you disagree with a particular action or proposal, you disapprove of it and believe that it is wrong. (mainly BRIT)

- I respect the president but I disagree with his decision.

- I disagree with drug laws in general.

VB
= oppose

3. disagree disagrees disagreeing disagreed
If a particular food or drink disagrees with you, it makes you feel unwell.

- Orange juice seems to disagree with some babies.

VB

disagree

verb

1.

differ (in opinion)

argue

clash

cross swords

dispute

dissent

object

quarrel

take issue with

2.

conflict

be dissimilar

contradict

counter

differ

diverge

run counter to

vary

3.

make ill

bother

discomfort

distress

hurt

nauseate

sicken

trouble

upset

disagreeable

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəˈgri:əbəl]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈɡriəbəl]

adj.

<正> ①不合意的;令人不快的;讨厌的

(人)不友善的;难相处的;暴躁的

disagreeably

adv.

不愉快地,不合口味地

disagreeable

1. disagreeable
Something that is disagreeable is rather unpleasant.

- ...a disagreeable odour.

- ...a comfort kit designed to make flying an altogether less disagreeable experience.

ADJ-GRADED

2. disagreeably

- The taste is bitter and disagreeably pungent.

ADV: usu ADV adj, also ADV with v

3. disagreeable
Someone who is disagreeable is unfriendly or unhelpful.

- He's a shallow, disagreeable man, for all his business acumen.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= nasty

disagreeable

adjective

1.

nasty

disgusting

displeasing

distasteful

objectionable

obnoxious

offensive

repugnant

repulsive

unpleasant

2.

rude

bad-tempered

churlish

difficult

disobliging

irritable

surly

unpleasant

disagreement

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəˈgri:mənt]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈɡrimənt]

n.

分歧, 意见不合

disagreement **

1. disagreement
Disagreement means objecting to something such as a proposal.

- Britain and France have expressed some disagreement with the proposal.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N prep
= objection

2. disagreement disagreements
When there is disagreement about something, people disagree or argue about what should be done.

- The United States Congress and the President are still locked in disagreement over proposals to reduce the massive budget deficit.

- Plans for a peace conference failed due to disagreement on who should be allowed to attend.

- Disagreements among the twelve EC countries prevented them from taking any concerted action.

- My instructor and I had a brief disagreement.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft in N
= dispute

disagreement

noun

1.

incompatibility

difference

discrepancy

disparity

dissimilarity

divergence

incongruity

variance

2.

argument

altercation

clash

conflict

dispute

dissent

quarrel

row

squabble

disallow

[D.J.:ˈdisəˈlau]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈlaʊ]

vt.

不承认(某事物)有效; 不接受, 不准; 驳回

disallow *

disallow disallows disallowing disallowed
If something is disallowed , it is not allowed or accepted officially, because it has not been done correctly.

- England scored again, but the whistle had gone and the goal was disallowed.

- The Internal Revenue Service sought to disallow the payments.

- It was a shock to hear him rule that my testimony would be disallowed.

VB

disallow

verb

reject

disavow

dismiss

disown

rebuff

refuse

repudiate

disappear

[D.J.:ˌdisəˈpiə]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈpɪr]

vi.

不见, 消失

不复存在

disappear ***

1. disappear disappears disappearing disappeared
If you say that someone or something disappears , you mean that you can no longer see them, usually because you or they have changed position.

- The black car drove away from them and disappeared.

- Clive disappeared into a room by himself.

- The airliner disappeared off their radar.

VB
= vanish

2. disappear disappears disappearing disappeared
If someone or something disappears , they go away or are taken away somewhere where nobody can find them.

- ...a Japanese woman who disappeared thirteen years ago...

- Janet's husband and sister noticed that small kitchen objects were disappearing with increasing regularity.

VB

3. disappear disappears disappearing disappeared
If something disappears , it stops existing or happening.

- The immediate threat of the past has disappeared and the security situation in Europe has significantly improved.

VB

disappear

verb

1.

vanish

evanesce

fade away

pass

recede

2.

cease

die out

dissolve

evaporate

leave no trace

melt away

pass away

perish

disappearance

[D.J.:ˌdisəˈpiərəns]

n.

消失, 丢失

失踪, 失踪案

disappearance *

1. disappearance disappearances
If you refer to someone's disappearance , you are referring to the fact that nobody knows where they have gone.

- Her disappearance has baffled police.

- They say the government is not doing enough to investigate tens of thousands of killings and disappearances over the past few years.

N-VAR: oft with poss

2. disappearance disappearances
If you refer to the disappearance of an object, you are referring to the fact that it has been lost or stolen.

- Police are investigating the disappearance from council offices of confidential files.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with poss, oft N from n
= loss

3. disappearance
The disappearance of a type of thing, person, or animal is a process in which it becomes less common and finally no longer exists.

- ...the virtual disappearance of common dolphins from the western Mediterranean in recent years.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

disappearance

noun

vanishing

departure

eclipse

evanescence

evaporation

going

melting

passing

disappoint

[D.J.:ˌdisəˈpɔint]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt]

vt.

使(人)失望

disappointed

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd]

adj.

失望的

disappointing

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ]

adj.

令人失望的

disappoint *

disappoint disappoints disappointing disappointed
If things or people disappoint you, they are not as good as you had hoped, or do not do what you hoped they would do.

- She would do anything she could to please him, but she knew that she was fated to disappoint him.

- A spokesman for UNHCR said he was surprised and disappointed by the decision.

VB
= let down

disappointed ***

1. disappointed
If you are disappointed , you are rather sad because something has not happened or because something is not as good as you had hoped.

- Castle-hunters won't be disappointed with the Isle of Man.

- I was disappointed that Kluge was not there.

- I was disappointed to see the lack of coverage afforded to this event.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ prep, ADJ that, ADJ to-inf

2. disappointed
If you are disappointed in someone, you are rather sad because they have not behaved as well as you expected them to.

- You should have accepted that. I'm disappointed in you.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ in n

disappointing **

1. disappointing
Something that is disappointing is not as good or as large as you hoped it would be.

- The wine was excellent, but the meat was overdone and the vegetables disappointing.

- The recession is largely blamed for the disappointing response to the appeal.

ADJ-GRADED
= unsatisfactory

2. disappointingly

- Progress is disappointingly slow.

- Disappointingly, this show is only on view for a week.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with cl

disappoint

verb

let down

disenchant

disgruntle

dishearten

disillusion

dismay

dissatisfy

fail

disappointed

adjective

let down

cast down

despondent

discouraged

disenchanted

disgruntled

dissatisfied

downhearted

frustrated

disappointing

adjective

unsatisfactory

depressing

disconcerting

discouraging

inadequate

insufficient

sad

sorry

disappointment

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt]

n.

失望, 沮丧

令人失望的人或事物

to sb.’s disappointment

令某人失望的是

disappointment **

1. disappointment
Disappointment is the state of feeling disappointed.

- Despite winning the title, their last campaign ended in great disappointment.

- Book early to avoid disappointment.

N-UNCOUNT
= dissatisfaction

2. disappointment disappointments
Something or someone that is a disappointment is not as good as you had hoped.

- For many, their long-awaited homecoming was a bitter disappointment.

- ...this ne'er-do-well brother who was such a disappointment to his family.

N-COUNT
= let down

disappointment

noun

1.

frustration

chagrin

discontent

discouragement

disenchantment

disillusionment

dissatisfaction

regret

2.

letdown

blow

calamity

choker informal

misfortune

setback

disapproval

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəˈpru:vəl]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈpruvəl]

n.

不赞同, 反对

disapproval *

disapproval
If you feel or show disapproval of something or someone, you feel or show that you do not approve of them.

- His action had been greeted with almost universal disapproval.

- ...a society that registered its disapproval of alcohol by banning it.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

disapproval

noun

displeasure

censure

condemnation

criticism

denunciation

dissatisfaction

objection

reproach

disapprove

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəˈpru:v]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈpruv]

vi.

不赞成

disapproving

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəˈpru:vɪŋ]

[K.K.: ˌdɪsəˈpruvɪŋ]

adj.

不满的;反对的

disapprovingly

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəˈpru:vɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈpruvɪ ŋlɪ]

adv.

不以为然地;不赞成地;非难地

disapprove *

disapprove disapproves disapproving disapproved
If you disapprove of something or someone, you feel or show that you do not like them or do not approve of them.

- Most people disapprove of such violent tactics.

- Her mother disapproved of her working in a pub.

- The Prime Minister did not publicly denounce him, but went as far as hinting that he disapproved.

VB
≠ approve

disapproving

1. disapproving
A disapproving action or expression shows that you do not approve of something or someone.

- Janet gave him a disapproving look.

ADJ-GRADED

2. disapprovingly

- Antonio looked at him disapprovingly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

disapprove

verb

condemn

deplore

dislike

find unacceptable

frown on

look down one's nose at informal

object to

reject

take a dim view of

take exception to

disarm

[D.J.:dɪsˈɑ:m]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɑrm]

vi.

裁军

vt.

使息怒

disarming

[D.J.:dɪsˈɑ:mɪŋ]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɑrmɪŋ]

adj.

消除敌意的;使人消气的

disarm *

1. disarm disarms disarming disarmed
To disarm a person or group means to take away all their weapons.

- We will agree to disarming troops and leaving their weapons at military positions.

VB

2. disarm disarms disarming disarmed
If a country or group disarms , it gives up the use of weapons, especially nuclear weapons.

- There has also been a suggestion that the forces in Lebanon should disarm.

- We're not ready to disarm ourselves in order to make it easier for them to kill us.

VB

3. disarm disarms disarming disarmed
If a person or their behaviour disarms you, they cause you to feel less angry, hostile, or critical towards them.

- His unease disarmed her.

- She did her best to disarm her critics.

VB
= win over

disarming

1. disarming
If someone or something is disarming , they make you feel less angry or hostile.

- Leonard approached with a disarming smile.

- When you meet him, he is disarming as he talks about himself.

ADJ-GRADED
= charming

2. disarmingly

- He is, as ever, business-like, and disarmingly honest.

- She looked at him directly and occasionally smiled disarmingly at him.

ADV: usu ADV adj, also ADV with v

disarm

verb

1.

render defenceless

disable

2.

win over

persuade

set at ease

3.

demilitarize

deactivate

demobilize

disband

disarming

adjective

charming

irresistible

likable or likeable

persuasive

winning

disarmament

[D.J.:dɪsˈɑ:məmənt]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɑrməmənt]

n.

解除武装;裁军

disarmament *

disarmament
Disarmament is the act of reducing the number of weapons, especially nuclear weapons, that a country has.

- The goal would be to increase political stability in the region and accelerate the pace of nuclear disarmament.

- ...unilateral disarmament.

N-UNCOUNT

disarmament

noun

arms reduction

arms limitation

de-escalation

demilitarization

demobilization

disarray

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəˈreɪ]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈre]

n.

混乱,紊乱

disarray *

1. disarray
If people or things are in disarray , they are disorganized and confused.

- The nation is in disarray following rioting led by the military.

- 12,000 crossed the border in one day alone, throwing evacuation plans into disarray.

- This would add to the disarray in world markets.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N
= disorder

2. disarray
If things or places are in disarray , they are in a very untidy state.

- She was left lying on her side and her clothes were in disarray.

- He found the room in disarray, with food dumped on the floor and drawers pulled open.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N
= mess

disarray

noun

1.

confusion

disorder

disorganization

disunity

indiscipline

unruliness

2.

untidiness

chaos

clutter

hotchpotch

jumble

mess

muddle

shambles

disassemble

[D.J.:ˌdisəˈsembl]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈsɛmbəl]

vt.

解开,分解

disassembling

反汇编;拆卸

disassemble

disassemble disassembles disassembling disassembled
To disassemble something means to take it to pieces. (FORMAL)

- Dennet disassembled the cabin and packed it away.

VB
= dismantle

disassociate

[D.J.:ˌdisəˈsəuʃieit]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈsoʃiˌet, -si-]

v.

(使)分离

disassociate

1. disassociate disassociates disassociating disassociated
If you disassociate yourself from something or someone, you say or show that you are not connected with them, usually in order to avoid trouble or blame.

- I wish to disassociate myself from this very sad decision.

- He proposed that the Council should disassociate itself from such behaviour.

VB
= distance ≠ associate

2. disassociate disassociates disassociating disassociated
If you disassociate one group or thing from another, you separate them.

- ...an attempt by the president to disassociate the military from politics.

VB

disaster

[D.J.:diˈzɑ:stə]

[K.K.:dɪˈzæstɚ, -ˈsæs-]

n.

灾难, 灾祸

彻底的失败

disaster ***

1. disaster disasters
A disaster is a very bad accident such as an earthquake or a plane crash, especially one in which a lot of people are killed.

- It was the second air disaster in the region in less than two months.

- Many had lost all in the disaster and were destitute.

N-COUNT
= tragedy

2. disaster disasters
If you refer to something as a disaster , you are emphasizing that you think it is extremely bad or unacceptable.

- The whole production was just a disaster!.

- It would be a disaster for them not to reach the semi-finals.

- `This tax is a disaster waiting to happen,' said an angry Tory backbencher.

N-COUNT emphasis
= catastrophe

3. disaster
Disaster is something which has very bad consequences for you.

- The government brought itself to the brink of fiscal disaster.

- `The potential for disaster is enormous,' he says.

N-UNCOUNT
= catastrophe

4. disaster
If you say that something is a recipe for disaster , you mean that it is very likely to have unpleasant consequences.
PHR: v-link PHR

disaster

noun

catastrophe

adversity

calamity

cataclysm

misfortune

ruin

tragedy

trouble

disaster area

1. disaster area disaster areas
A disaster area is a part of a country or the world which has been very seriously affected by a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood.

- The region has been declared a disaster area.

N-COUNT

2. disaster area disaster areas
If you describe a place, person, or situation as a disaster area , you mean that they are in a state of great disorder or failure. (INFORMAL)

- His office was a disaster area of papers and full ashtrays.

- He's a nice old rascal but a disaster area as a politician.

N-COUNT: usu sing

disastrous

[D.J.:diˈzɑ:strəs]

[K.K.:dɪˈzæstrəs, -ˈsæs-]

adj.

灾难性的, 造成灾害的

极坏的, 很糟的

disastrously

[D.J.:dɪˈz ɑ:strəslɪ]

[K.K.:dɪˈzæstrəslɪ]

adv.

悲惨地

disastrous **

1. disastrous
A disastrous event has extremely bad consequences and effects.

- ...the recent, disastrous earthquake...

- The effect on coffee prices has been disastrous for the producers.

ADJ-GRADED
= terrible

2. disastrously

- The vegetable harvest is disastrously behind schedule.

- Their scheme went disastrously wrong.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/prep, ADV with v

3. disastrous
If you describe something as disastrous , you mean that it was very unsuccessful.

- England's cricketers have had another disastrous day.

- ...after their disastrous performance in the general election of 1906.

ADJ-GRADED

4. disastrously

- ...debts resulting from the company's disastrously timed venture into property development.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

disastrous

adjective

terrible

calamitous

cataclysmic

catastrophic

devastating

fatal

ruinous

tragic

disavow

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəˈvaʊ]

vt.

不承认,抵赖,拒绝对…承担责任

disavowal

n.

disavowal

n.

不承认,否认,否定,拒绝

disavow

disavow disavows disavowing disavowed
If you disavow something, you say that you are not connected with it or responsible for it. (FORMAL)

- Dr. Samuels immediately disavowed the newspaper story.

VB
= disown repudiate

disavowal

disavowal disavowals
A disavowal of something is a statement that you are not connected with it or responsible for it, or that you no longer agree with or believe in it. (FORMAL)

- ...a public disavowal of his beliefs.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= repudation

disband

[D.J.:dɪsˈbænd]

[K.K.:dɪsˈbænd]

vt. & vi.

(使)解散, 散伙, 解体

disband *

disband disbands disbanding disbanded
If someone disbands a group of people, or if the group disbands , it stops operating as a single unit.

- All the armed groups will be disbanded.

- The rebels were to have fully disbanded by June the tenth.

V-ERG
= break up

disbelief

[D.J.:ˌdɪsbɪˈli:f]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsbɪˈlif]

n.

不相信, 怀疑

disbelief *

disbelief
Disbelief is not believing that something is true or real.

- She looked at him in disbelief.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N

disbelief

noun

scepticism

distrust

doubt

dubiety

incredulity

mistrust

unbelief

disbelieve

[D.J.:ˌdɪsbɪˈli:v]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsbɪˈliv]

vt. & vi.

拒绝相信

不信

怀疑

disbelievingly

adv.

disbelieving

adj.

怀疑的,不相信的

disbelievingly

adv.

怀疑地,不信相地

disbelieve

1. disbelieve disbelieves disbelieving disbelieved
If you disbelieve someone or disbelieve something that they say, you do not believe that what they say is true.

- There is no reason to disbelieve him.

- He had never been able to disbelieve it completely.

VB
≠ believe

2. disbelieve disbelieves disbelieving disbelieved
If you disbelieve in something, you do not believe that it exists or that it works.

- Frank disbelieved in astrology.

VB

disburse

[D.J.:dɪsˈbɜ:s]

[K.K.:dɪsˈbə..s]

vt. & vi.

支出,付出

disbursement

n.

disbursement

[D.J.:dɪsˈbɜ:smənt]

[K.K.:dɪsˈbə..smənt]

n.

支付,支出

支付款

disburse

disburse disburses disbursing disbursed
To disburse an amount of money means to pay it out, usually from a fund which has been collected for a particular purpose. (FORMAL)

- The aid will not be disbursed until next year.

- The bank has disbursed over $350m for the project.

VB

disbursement

1. disbursement
Disbursement is the paying out of a sum of money, especially from a fund. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= payment

2. disbursement disbursements
A disbursement is a sum of money that is paid out. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= payment

disc

[D.J.:disk]

[K.K.:dɪsk]

n.

圆盘

唱片; 磁盘, 光盘

disc **

1. disc discs
A disc is a flat, circular shape or object.

- Most shredding machines are based on a revolving disc fitted with replaceable blades.

N-COUNT The spelling disk is also used in American English, mainly for meaning 1.

2. disc discs
A disc is one of the thin, circular pieces of cartilage which separates the bones in your back.

- I had slipped a disc and was frozen in a spasm of pain.

N-COUNT The spelling disk is also used in American English, mainly for meaning 1.

3. disc discs
A disc is a record that you play on a record player. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- This disc includes the piano sonata in C minor.

N-COUNT The spelling disk is also used in American English, mainly for meaning 1.

discard

[D.J.:disˈkɑ:d]

[K.K.:dɪˈskɑrd]

vt.

丢弃, 抛弃

不再使用

n.

打出的牌

废弃的东西

discard **

discard discards discarding discarded
If you discard something, you get rid of it because you no longer want it or need it.

- Read the manufacturer's guidelines before discarding the box.

- ...looking for discarded cigarette butts.

VB
= dispose of

discard

verb

get rid of

abandon

cast aside

dispense with

dispose of

drop

dump informal

jettison

reject

throw away or out

discern

[D.J.:diˈsə:n]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɚn, -ˈzɚn]

vt.

看见

辨明

discerning

[D.J.:dɪˈsɜ:nɪŋ, -ˈzɜ:-]

[K.K.:dɪˈsə..nɪŋ, -ˈzə..-]

adj.

有识别力的;有眼力的;有洞察力的

discern *

1. discern discerns discerning discerned
If you can discern something, you are aware of it and know what it is. (FORMAL)

- You need a long series of data to be able to discern such a trend.

- It was hard to discern why this was happening.

VB

2. discern discerns discerning discerned
If you can discern something, you can just see it, but not clearly. (FORMAL)

- Below the bridge we could just discern a narrow, weedy ditch.

VB

discerning *

discerning
If you describe someone as discerning , you mean that they are able to judge which things of a particular kind are good and which are bad.

- ...tailor-made holidays to suit the more discerning traveller...

- Her childhood passion for collecting has not dimmed, but now she is more discerning.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= discriminating

discernible

[D.J.:dɪˈsɜ:nəbəl, -ˈzɜ:-]

[K.K.:dɪˈsə..nəbəl, -ˈzə..-]

adj.

可识别的

discernible *

discernible
If something is discernible , you can see it or recognize that it exists.

- Far away the outline of the island is just discernible.

- There has been no discernible overall trend since 1975.

ADJ-GRADED
= apparent

discernment

[D.J.:dɪˈsɜ:nmənt, -ˈzɜ:n-]

[K.K.:dɪˈsə..nmənt, -ˈzə..n-]

n.

<褒>识别能力;洞察力;敏锐,精明

discernment

discernment
Discernment is the ability to judge which things of a particular kind are good and which are bad.

- ...their lack of discernment and acceptance of inferior quality.

N-UNCOUNT
= judgement

discharge

[D.J.:disˈtʃɑ:dʒ]

[K.K.:dɪsˈtʃɑrdʒ]

vt.

卸船

偿还

执行; 履行

vt. & vi.

放出; 流出

开枪; 发射

n.

获准离开, 释放

排放出的物体

discharged

[disˈtʃɑ:dʒd]

adj.

放电的;泻出的

discharging

[disˈtʃɑ:dʒiŋ]

n.

卸料

adj.

卸载的;放电的

discharge **

1. discharge discharges discharging discharged
When someone is discharged from hospital, prison, or one of the armed services, they are officially allowed to leave, or told that they must leave.

- He has a broken nose but may be discharged today.

- You are being discharged on medical grounds.

- ...the regulation that gay people should be discharged from the military...

- Five days later Henry discharged himself from hospital.

VB

2. discharge discharges
Also a noun.

- He was given a conditional discharge and ordered to pay Miss Smith £100 compensation.

N-VAR

3. discharge discharges discharging discharged
If someone discharges their duties or responsibilities, they do everything that needs to be done in order to complete them. (FORMAL)

- ...the quiet competence with which he discharged his many college duties.

VB

4. discharge discharges discharging discharged
If someone discharges a debt, they pay it. (FORMAL)

- The goods will be sold for a fraction of their value in order to discharge the debt.

VB

5. discharge discharges discharging discharged
If something is discharged from inside a place, it comes out. (FORMAL)

- The resulting salty water will be discharged at sea.

- The bird had trouble breathing and was discharging blood from the nostrils.

VB

6. discharge discharges
When there is a discharge of a substance, the substance comes out from inside somewhere. (FORMAL)

- They develop a fever and a watery discharge from their eyes.

- All discharges and disposals of radioactive waste from Springfields were within relevant limits.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= emission

7. discharge discharges discharging discharged
If someone discharges a gun, they fire it. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Lewis was tried for unlawfully and dangerously discharging a weapon.

VB

discharge

verb

1.

release

allow to go

clear

free

liberate

pardon

set free

2.

dismiss

cashier

discard

expel

fire informal

oust

remove

sack informal

3.

fire

detonate

explode

let loose informal

let off

set off

shoot

4.

pour forth

dispense

emit

exude

give off

leak

ooze

release

5.

carry out

accomplish

do

execute

fulfil

observe

perform

6.

pay

clear

honour

meet

relieve

satisfy

settle

square up

noun

7.

release

acquittal

clearance

liberation

pardon

8.

dismissal

demobilization

ejection

9.

firing

blast

burst

detonation

explosion

report

salvo

shot

volley

10.

emission

excretion

ooze

pus

secretion

seepage

suppuration

disciple

[D.J.:dɪˈsaɪpəl]

[K.K.:dɪˈsaɪpəl]

n.

信徒, 门徒

disciple *

disciple disciples
If you are someone's disciple , you are influenced by their teachings and try to follow their example.

- ...a major intellectual figure with disciples throughout Europe.

- ...one of the disciples of Christ.

N-COUNT: oft with poss
= follower

disciple

noun

follower

adherent

apostle

devotee

pupil

student

supporter

disciplinarian

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəpləˈneəri:ən]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəpləˈnɛriən]

n.

实施纪律者,严格纪律信奉者

disciplinarian

disciplinarian disciplinarians
If you describe someone as a disciplinarian , you mean that they believe in making people obey strict rules of behaviour and in punishing severely anyone who disobeys.

- He has a reputation for being a strict disciplinarian.

N-COUNT
= authoritarian

disciplinarian

noun

authoritarian

despot

martinet

stickler

taskmaster

tyrant

disciplinary

[D.J.:ˈdɪsəpləˌneri:]

[K.K.:ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri]

adj.

训练的, 纪律的, 惩罚的

disciplinary **

disciplinary
Disciplinary bodies or actions are concerned with making sure that people obey rules or regulations and that they are punished if they do not.

- He will now face a disciplinary hearing for having an affair.

- He was unhappy that no disciplinary action was being taken.

ADJ: ADJ n

discipline

[D.J.:ˈdisiplin]

[K.K.:ˈdɪsəplɪn]

vt.

训练, 训导

处罚, 惩罚

n.

训练, 锻炼, 训导

纪律

处罚, 处分

学科

disciplined

[D.J.:ˈdisiplind]

[K.K.:ˈdɪsəplɪnd]

n.

受过训练的,遵守纪律的

discipline ***

1. discipline
Discipline is the practice of making people obey rules or standards of behaviour, and punishing them when they do not.

- Order and discipline have been placed in the hands of headmasters and governing bodies.

- ...discipline problems in the classroom.

N-UNCOUNT

2. discipline
Discipline is the quality of being able to behave and work in a controlled way which involves obeying particular rules or standards.

- It was that image of calm, control and discipline that appealed to millions of voters.

N-UNCOUNT
= self-control

3. discipline disciplines
If you refer to an activity or situation as a discipline , you mean that, in order to be successful in it, you need to behave in a strictly controlled way and obey particular rules or standards.

- ...inner disciplines like transcendental meditation...

- The discipline of studying music can help children develop good work habits and improve self-esteem.

N-VAR

4. discipline disciplines disciplining disciplined
If someone is disciplined for something that they have done wrong, they are punished for it.

- The workman was disciplined by his company but not dismissed.

- Her husband had at last taken a share in disciplining the boy.

VB

5. discipline disciplines disciplining disciplined
If you discipline yourself to do something, you train yourself to behave and work in a strictly controlled and regular way.

- Out on the course you must discipline yourself to let go of detailed theory.

- I'm very good at disciplining myself.

VB

6. discipline disciplines
A discipline is a particular area of study, especially a subject of study in a college or university. (FORMAL)

- You've got to make sure that people work together across disciplines.

- We're looking for people from a wide range of disciplines.

N-COUNT
= subject

disciplined *

disciplined
Someone who is disciplined behaves or works in a controlled way.

- For me it meant being very disciplined about how I run my life.

- Soldiers are disciplined people.

ADJ-GRADED

discipline

noun

1.

training

drill

exercise

method

practice

regimen

regulation

2.

punishment

castigation

chastisement

correction

3.

self-control

conduct

control

orderliness

regulation

restraint

strictness

4.

field of study

area

branch of knowledge

course

curriculum

speciality

subject

verb

5.

train

bring up

drill

educate

exercise

prepare

6.

punish

bring to book

castigate

chasten

chastise

correct

penalize

reprimand

reprove

disc jockey

disc jockey disc jockeys
A disc jockey is someone who plays and introduces pop records on the radio or at a disco.
N-COUNT (AM) also disk jockey
= deejay DJ

disclaim

[D.J.:dɪsˈkleɪm]

[K.K.:dɪsˈklem]

vt.

否认

disclaim

disclaim disclaims disclaiming disclaimed
If you disclaim knowledge of something or disclaim responsibility for something, you say that you did not know about it or are not responsible for it. (FORMAL)

- Mrs Lee disclaims any knowledge of her husband's business concerns.

- The government has disclaimed responsibility for the deaths of six people.

VB
= deny

disclaimer

[D.J.:dɪsˈkleɪmə]

[K.K.:dɪsˈklemɚ]

否认声明

disclaimer

[D.J.:disˈkleimə]

[K.K.:dɪsˈklemɚ]

n.

放弃,拒绝,放弃者,不承诺

disclaimer

disclaimer disclaimers
A disclaimer is a statement in which a person says that they did not know about something or that they are not responsible for something. (FORMAL)

- The company asserts in a disclaimer that it won't be held responsible for the accuracy of information.

N-COUNT

disclose

[D.J.:disˈkləuz]

[K.K.:dɪˈskloz]

vt.

说出, 表明

揭露, 揭开

disclose **

disclose discloses disclosing disclosed
If you disclose new or secret information, you tell people about it.

- Neither side would disclose details of the transaction.

- The company disclosed that its chairman will step down in May.

VB
= reveal

disclose

verb

1.

make known

broadcast

communicate

confess

divulge

let slip

publish

relate

reveal

2.

show

bring to light

expose

lay bare

reveal

uncover

unveil

disclosure

[D.J.:dɪˈskləʊʒə]

[K.K.:dɪˈskloʒɚ]

n.

公开,透露

被公开的事情,被披露的秘闻

disclosure **

disclosure disclosures
Disclosure is the act of giving people new or secret information.

- ...insufficient disclosure of negative information about the company.

- ...unauthorised newspaper disclosures.

N-VAR
= revelation

disclosure

noun

revelation

acknowledgment

admission

announcement

confession

declaration

divulgence

leak

publication

disco

[D.J.:ˈdiskəu]

[K.K.:ˈdɪsko]

n.

迪斯科舞厅, 迪斯科舞会

disco **

disco discos
A disco is a place or event at which people dance to pop music.

- Fridays and Saturdays are regular disco nights.

N-COUNT

discography

[D.J.:dɪˈskɔgrəfi:]

[K.K.:dɪˈskɑɡrəfi]

n.

(某个歌手、音乐家或团队的)唱片目录,录音作品目录

discography

discography discographies
A discography is a list of all the recordings made by a particular artist or group. (mainly JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT

discolor

[D.J.:dɪsˈkʌlə]

vt.

使变色,使褪色

vi.

变化,变色,褪色

discoloration

n.

变色,褪色;污染

discoloration

[D.J.:disˌkʌləˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:dɪsˌkʌləˈreʃən]

n.

变色,污点

discolour

[D.J.:dɪsˈkʌlə]

vt.

使变色,使褪色

vi.

变化,变色,褪色

discolouration

n.

变色,褪色;污染

discolouration

[diskʌləˈreiʃən]

n.

变色,褪色,脱色,漂白

discolour

1. discolour discolours discolouring discoloured
If something discolours or if it is discoloured by something else, its original colour changes, so that it looks unattractive.

- A tooth which has been hit hard may discolour.

- Some oil had seeped out, discolouring the grass.

V-ERG (AM) discolor

2. discoloured

- Some of the prints were badly discoloured around the edges.

ADJ-GRADED

3. discoloration

- ...the discoloration of the soil from acid spills.

N-UNCOUNT

discolour

verb

stain

fade

mark

soil

streak

tarnish

tinge

discomfit

[D.J.:dɪsˈkʌmfɪt]

[K.K.:dɪsˈkʌmfɪt]

vt.

使为难,使狼狈,使窘迫

使挫折,阻碍

挫败,阻挠

discomfiture

n.

discomfiture

[D.J.:dɪsˈkʌmfɪˌtʃʊə, -tʃə]

[K.K.:dɪsˈkʌmfɪˌtʃʊr, -tʃɚ]

n.

崩溃;大败;挫败

困惑;狼狈

discomfit

1. discomfit discomfits discomfiting discomfited
If you are discomfited by something, it causes you to feel slightly embarrassed or confused. (WRITTEN)

- He will be particularly discomfited by the minister's dismissal of his plan.

- The opposition leader has regularly discomfited him in parliament.

VB

2. discomfited

- Will wanted to do likewise, but felt too discomfited.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

discomfiture

discomfiture
Discomfiture is a feeling of slight embarrassment or confusion. (WRITTEN)
N-UNCOUNT
= unease

discomfort

[D.J.:dɪsˈkʌmfət]

[K.K.:dɪsˈkʌmfət]

n.

不舒适

不愉快, 苦恼

discomfort **

1. discomfort
Discomfort is a painful feeling in part of your body when you have been hurt slightly or when you have been uncomfortable for a long time.

- She carried her left arm at an awkward angle, as if it were causing her discomfort.

- Steve had some discomfort, but no real pain.

N-UNCOUNT
= soreness

2. discomfort
Discomfort is a feeling of worry caused by shame or embarrassment.

- He sniffed, fidgeting in discomfort, uneasy at the suggestion.

- She hears the discomfort in his voice.

N-UNCOUNT
= uneasiness

3. discomfort discomforts
Discomforts are conditions which cause you to feel physically uncomfortable.

- ...the discomforts of camping.

- ...reducing the physical discomforts and difficulties faced by women.

N-COUNT: with supp

discomfort

noun

1.

pain

ache

hurt

irritation

malaise

soreness

2.

uneasiness

annoyance

distress

hardship

irritation

nuisance

trouble

disconcert

[D.J.:ˌdɪskənˈsɜ:t]

[K.K.:ˌdɪskənˈsə..t]

vt.

使不安,使为难

使慌张,使窘迫

disconcerted

[ˌdiskənˈsə:tid]

adj.

不安的,惊慌的

disconcerting

[ˌdiskənˈsə:tiŋ]

adj.

困惑的, 不安的, 尴尬的

disconcert

1. disconcert disconcerts disconcerting disconcerted
If something disconcerts you, it makes you feel anxious, confused, or embarrassed.

- Antony's wry smile disconcerted Sutcliffe.

- The ambassador was clearly disconcerted by the British reaction.

VB
= unsettle

2. disconcerted

- He was disconcerted to find his fellow diners already seated.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to-inf

disconcerting *

1. disconcerting
If you say that something is disconcerting , you mean that it makes you feel anxious, confused, or embarrassed.

- The reception desk is not at street level, which is a little disconcerting.

ADJ-GRADED
= disturbing

2. disconcertingly

- She looks disconcertingly like a familiar aunt or grandmother.

- At times she could be almost disconcertingly absent-minded.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/-ed/prep

disconcert

verb

disturb

faze

fluster

perturb

rattle informal

take aback

unsettle

upset

worry

disconcerting

adjective

disturbing

alarming

awkward

bewildering

confusing

distracting

embarrassing

off-putting Brit. informal

perplexing

upsetting

disconnect

[D.J.:ˌdɪskəˈnekt]

[K.K.:ˌdɪskəˈnɛkt]

vt.

切断,断开

拆开,分离

disconnection

n.

disconnected

[D.J.:ˌdɪskəˈnektɪd]

[K.K.:ˌdɪskəˈnɛktɪd]

adj.

不连贯的, 无系统的

disconnecting

[ˌdiskəˈnektiŋ]

n.

拆开,解脱,分离

disconnection

[ˌdiskəˈnekʃən]

n.

断开

disconnect *

1. disconnect disconnects disconnecting disconnected
To disconnect a piece of equipment means to separate it from its source of power or to break a connection that it needs in order to work.

- The device automatically disconnects the ignition when the engine is switched off.

- Vicky Brown arrived home to find the men disconnecting her microwave.

- She ran back to the phone. The line was disconnected, though not dead.

VB
≠ connect

2. disconnect disconnects disconnecting disconnected
If you are disconnected by a gas, electricity, water, or telephone company, they turn off the connection to your house, usually because you have not paid the bill.

- You are likely to be given almost three months -- until the time of your next bill -- before you are disconnected.

VB: usu passive
≠ connect

3. disconnect disconnects disconnecting disconnected
If you disconnect something from something else, you separate the two things.

- He disconnected the IV bottle from the overhead hook and carried it beside the moving cart.

VB
≠ connect

disconnected

disconnected
Disconnected things are not linked in any way.

- ...sequences of utterly disconnected events...

- His ability to absorb bits of disconnected information was astonishing.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= disjointed

disconnect

verb

cut off

detach

disengage

divide

part

separate

sever

take apart

uncouple

disconnected

adjective

illogical

confused

disjointed

incoherent

jumbled

mixed-up

rambling

unintelligible

disconnection

1. disconnection disconnections
The disconnection of a gas, water, or electricity supply, or of a telephone, is the act of disconnecting it so that it cannot be used.

- The rate of disconnections following non-payment of water charges is rising.

- ...the disconnection of his phone.

N-VAR: oft the N of n

2. disconnection
The disconnection of two things is the act or process of separating them so that they are no longer connected or linked in any way.

- He hopes for a gradual disconnection from the federation.

N-UNCOUNT

disconsolate

[D.J.:disˈkɔnsəlit]

[K.K.:dɪsˈkɑnsəlɪt]

adj.

孤独的,郁郁不乐的

disconsolately

adv.

悲伤地,愁闷地

disconsolate

1. disconsolate
Someone who is disconsolate is very unhappy and depressed. (WRITTEN)

- He did not have much success, but tried to keep from getting too disconsolate.

ADJ-GRADED
= dejected

2. disconsolately

- Disconsolately, he walked back down the course.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

disconsolate

adjective

inconsolable

crushed

dejected

desolate

forlorn

grief-stricken

heartbroken

miserable

wretched

discontent

[D.J.:ˌdɪskənˈtent]

[K.K.:ˌdɪskənˈtɛnt]

n.

不满

discontent *

discontent
Discontent is the feeling that you have when you are not satisfied with your situation.

- There are reports of widespread discontent in the capital.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
= dissatisfaction

discontent

noun

dissatisfaction

displeasure

envy

regret

restlessness

uneasiness

unhappiness

discontented

[D.J.:ˌdɪskənˈtentɪd]

[K.K.:ˌdɪskənˈtɛntɪd]

adj.

不满的;不满足的

discontented

discontented
If you are discontented , you are not satisfied with your situation.

- The government tried to appease discontented workers.

- ...farmers discontented with low prices for their produce.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n
= dissatisfied

discontented

adjective

dissatisfied

disaffected

disgruntled

displeased

exasperated

fed up

unhappy

vexed

discontinue

[D.J.:ˌdɪskənˈtɪnju:]

[K.K.:ˌdɪskənˈtɪnju]

vt. & vi.

(使)终止,中断,中止

discontinue *

1. discontinue discontinues discontinuing discontinued
If you discontinue something that you have been doing regularly, you stop doing it. (FORMAL)

- Do not discontinue the treatment without consulting your doctor.

VB

2. discontinue discontinues discontinuing discontinued
If a product is discontinued , the manufacturer stops making it.

- The Leica M2 was discontinued in 1967.

- They have a huge selection of discontinued cookers.

VB: usu passive

discontinue

verb

stop

abandon

break off

cease

drop

end

give up

quit

suspend

terminate

discontinuity

[D.J.:ˈdisˌkɔntiˈnju(:) iti]

[K.K.:dɪsˌkɑntəˈnuɪti, -ˈnju-]

n.

断绝,不连续,中断

discontinuity

discontinuity discontinuities
Discontinuity in a process is a lack of smooth or continuous development. (FORMAL)

- The text is good in parts, but suffers from discontinuity.

- There may appear to be discontinuities between broadcasts.

N-VAR
= disjointedness ≠ coherence

discontinuous

[D.J.:ˈdiskənˈtinjuəs]

[K.K.:ˌdɪskənˈtɪnjuəs]

adj.

不连续的,间断的,中断的

discontinuous

discontinuous
A process that is discontinuous happens in stages with intervals between them, rather than continuously.
ADJ
= intermittent

discord

[D.J.:ˈdiskɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈdɪsˌkɔrd]

n.

不和, 纷争

不一致, 不和谐

争吵, 冲突

discord *

discord
Discord is disagreement and argument between people. (LITERARY)
N-UNCOUNT
= conflict

discord

noun

1.

disagreement

conflict

dissension

disunity

division

friction

incompatibility

strife

2.

disharmony

cacophony

din

dissonance

harshness

jarring

racket

tumult

discordant

[D.J.:dɪˈskɔ:dnt]

[K.K.:dɪˈskɔrdn..t]

adj.

不和的,不一致的,不调和的;不谐和的

discordantly

adv.

discordantly

adv.

不一致地,不和谐地

discordant

1. discordant
Something that is discordant is strange or unpleasant because it does not fit in with other things.

- His agenda is discordant and out of time with ours.

ADJ-GRADED
= incongruous

2. discordant
A discordant sound or musical effect is unpleasant to hear.
ADJ-GRADED

discordant

adjective

1.

disagreeing

at odds

clashing

conflicting

contradictory

contrary

different

incompatible

2.

inharmonious

cacophonous

dissonant

grating

harsh

jarring

shrill

strident

discotheque

[D.J.:ˌdɪskəˈtek]

[K.K.:ˌdɪskəˈt ɛk]

n.

小舞厅;迪斯科舞厅

discotheque

discotheque discotheques
A discotheque is the same as a disco . (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

discount

[D.J.:ˈdiskaunt]

[K.K.:ˈdɪsˌkaʊnt, dɪsˈkaʊnt]

n.

数目, 折扣

vt. & vi.

打折扣, 减价出售

vt.

不考虑; 不全信

discounting

打折扣;贴现

discount ***

1. discount discounts
A discount is a reduction in the usual price of something.

- They are often available at a discount.

- All full-time staff get a 20 per cent discount on goods up to £1,000 each year.

- ...a discount store specializing in household goods.

- ...discontinued ranges of tiles at discount prices.

N-COUNT

2. discount discounts discounting discounted
If a shop or company discounts an amount or percentage from something that they are selling, they take the amount or percentage off the usual price.

- This has forced airlines to discount fares heavily in order to spur demand.

- Tour prices are being discounted as much as 33%.

VB

3. discount discounts discounting discounted
If you discount an idea, fact, or theory, you consider that it is not true, not important, or not relevant.

- However, traders tended to discount the rumor.

- This theory has now been discounted.

VB
= disregard

discount

verb

1.

leave out

brush off slang

disbelieve

disregard

ignore

overlook

pass over

2.

deduct

lower

mark down

reduce

take off

noun

3.

deduction

concession

cut

rebate

reduction

discounter

discounter discounters
A discounter is a shop or organization which specializes in selling things very cheaply. Discounters usually sell things in large quantities, or offer only a very limited range of goods.
N-COUNT

discourage

[D.J.:disˈkʌridʒ]

[K.K.:dɪˈskɚrɪdʒ, -ˈskʌr-]

vt.

使气馁; 使沮丧

阻碍; 劝阻

discouraged

[D.J.:dɪsˈk ʌrɪd ʒd]

[K.K.:dɪsˈkə..ɪd ʒd]

adj.

灰心的;沮丧的;气馁的;泄气的

discouraging

[D.J.:dɪˈskʌrɪdʒɪŋ]

[K.K.: dɪsˈkə..ɪdʒɪŋ]

adj.

令人沮丧的,使人泄气的

阻止的

discourage **

1. discourage discourages discouraging discouraged
If someone or something discourages you, they cause you to lose your enthusiasm about your actions.

- It may be difficult to do at first. Don't let this discourage you.

VB
= dishearten

2. discouraged

- She was determined not to be too discouraged.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

3. discouraging

- Today's report is rather more discouraging for the economy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

4. discourage discourages discouraging discouraged
To discourage an action or to discourage someone from doing it means to make them not want to do it.

- ...typhoons that discouraged shopping and leisure activities.

- ...a campaign to discourage children from smoking.

VB
= deter

discourage

verb

1.

dishearten

dampen

deject

demoralize

depress

dispirit

intimidate

overawe

put a damper on

2.

put off

deter

dissuade

inhibit

prevent

talk out of

discouraged

adjective

put off

crestfallen

deterred

disheartened

dismayed

dispirited

downcast

down in the mouth

glum

discouraging

adjective

disheartening

dampening

daunting

depressing

disappointing

dispiriting

off-putting Brit. informal

unfavourable

discouragement

[D.J.:dɪˈskɜ:rɪdʒmənt, -ˈskʌr-]

[K.K.:dɪˈskə..rɪdʒmənt, -ˈskʌr-]

n.

沮丧,气馁,泄气

使人泄气的事物

阻止;劝阻

discouragement

1. discouragement
Discouragement is the act of trying to make someone not want to do something.

- He persevered in the face of active discouragement from those around him.

N-UNCOUNT

2. discouragement discouragements
A discouragement is something that makes you unwilling to do something because you are afraid of the consequences.

- Uncertainty is one of the many discouragements to investment.

N-COUNT
= deterrent

discouragement

noun

1.

loss of confidence

dejection

depression

despair

despondency

disappointment

dismay

downheartedness

2.

deterrent

damper

disincentive

hindrance

impediment

obstacle

opposition

setback

discourse

[D.J.:ˈdiskɔ:s]

[K.K.:ˈdɪskɔrs ]

n.

论文; 演说; 讲道

[disˈkɔ:s]

vi.

讲述, 著述

discourse *

1. discourse
Discourse is spoken or written communication between people, especially serious discussion of a particular subject.

- ...a tradition of political discourse.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. discourse
In linguistics, discourse is natural spoken or written language in context, especially when complete texts are being considered. (TECHNICAL)

- The Centre has a strong record of research in discourse analysis.

- ...our work on discourse and the way people talk to each other.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

3. discourse discourses
A discourse is a serious talk or piece of writing which is intended to teach or explain something. (FORMAL)

- Gates responds with a lengthy discourse on deployment strategy.

N-COUNT

4. discourse discourses discoursing discoursed
If someone discourses on something, they talk for a long time about it in a confident way. (FORMAL)

- He discoursed for several hours on French and English prose.

VB

discourse

noun

1.

conversation

chat

communication

dialogue

discussion

seminar

speech

talk

2.

speech

dissertation

essay

homily

lecture

oration

sermon

treatise

verb

3.

hold forth

expatiate

speak

talk

discourteous

[D.J.:dɪsˈkɜ:ti:əs]

[K.K.:dɪsˈkə..tiəs]

adj.

粗鲁的,无礼的,失礼的

discourteously

adv.

discourteously

adv.

不礼貌地,粗鲁地

discourteous

discourteous
If you say that someone is discourteous , you mean that they are rude and have no consideration for the feelings of other people. (FORMAL)

- Staff are often discourteous and sometimes downright rude.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n
= ill-mannered ≠ polite

discourteous

adjective

rude

bad-mannered

boorish

disrespectful

ill-mannered

impolite

insolent

offhand

ungentlemanly

ungracious

discourtesy

[D.J.:disˈkə:tisi]

[K.K.:dɪsˈkɚtɪsi]

n.

无礼

discourtesy

discourtesy discourtesies
Discourtesy is rude and bad-mannered behaviour. (FORMAL)
N-VAR
= rudeness

discourtesy

noun

1.

rudeness

bad manners

disrespectfulness

impertinence

impoliteness

incivility

insolence

2.

insult

affront

cold shoulder

kick in the teeth slang

rebuff

slight

snub

discover

[D.J.:disˈkʌvə]

[K.K.:dɪˈskʌvɚ]

vt.

发现

碰见, 撞见

了解到, 认识到, 发觉

discoverer

n.

发现者

discover ****

1. discover discovers discovering discovered
If you discover something that you did not know about before, you become aware of it or learn of it.

- She discovered that they'd escaped.

- I discovered I was pregnant.

- As he discovered, she had a brilliant mind.

- It was difficult for the inspectors to discover which documents were important and which were not.

- Haskell did not live to discover the deception.

- It was discovered that the tapes were missing.

VB
= find out about

2. discover discovers discovering discovered
If a person or thing is discovered , someone finds them, either by accident or because they have been looking for them.

- A few days later his badly beaten body was discovered on a roadside outside the city.

VB
= find

3. discover discovers discovering discovered
When someone discovers a new place, substance, scientific fact, or scientific technique, they are the first person to find it or become aware of it.

- ...the first European to discover America...

- In the 19th century, gold was discovered in California.

- They discovered how to form the image in a thin layer on the surface.

VB

4. discoverer discoverers

- ...the myth of Columbus as the heroic discoverer of the Americas 500 years ago.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

5. discover discovers discovering discovered
If you say that someone has discovered a particular activity or subject, you mean that they have tried doing it or studying it for the first time and that they enjoyed it.

- I wish I'd discovered photography when I was younger.

- Discover the delights and luxury of a private yacht.

VB

6. discover discovers discovering discovered
When a actor, musician, or other performer who is not well-known is discovered , someone recognizes that they have talent and helps them in their career.

- The Beatles were discovered in the early 1960's.

VB: usu passive

discover

verb

1.

find

come across

come upon

dig up

locate

turn up

uncover

unearth

2.

find out

ascertain

detect

learn

notice

perceive

realize

recognize

uncover

discovery

[D.J.:disˈkʌvəri]

[K.K.:dɪˈskʌvəri]

n.

发现

被发现的事物

discovery ***

1. discovery discoveries
If someone makes a discovery , they become aware of something that they did not know about before.

- I felt I'd made an incredible discovery.

- ...the discovery that both his wife and son are HIV positive.

N-VAR: usu with supp

2. discovery discoveries
If someone makes a discovery , they are the first person to find or become aware of a place, substance, or scientific fact that no one knew about before.

- In that year, two momentous discoveries were made.

- ...the discovery of the ozone hole over the South Pole...

- The fascination of discovery has never left him.

N-VAR: usu with supp

3. discovery discoveries
If someone makes a discovery , they recognize that an actor, musician, or other performer who is not well-known has talent.

- He prides himself on the discovery and promotion of artists who will become the future masters.

N-VAR: usu with supp

4. discovery discoveries
When the discovery of people or objects happens, someone finds them, either by accident or as a result of looking for them.

- ...the discovery and destruction by soldiers of millions of marijuana plants.

N-VAR: usu with supp

discovery

noun

1.

finding

detection

disclosure

exploration

location

revelation

uncovering

2.

breakthrough

find

innovation

invention

secret

discredit

[D.J.:dɪsˈkredɪt]

[K.K.:dɪsˈkrɛdɪt]

vt.

使不相信, 使怀疑;败坏…的名声

拒绝相信, 不相信, 怀疑

n.

丧失信誉, 丧失名誉

败坏名声的人或事, 耻辱

discredited

adj.

不足信的,不名誉的

discredit **

1. discredit discredits discrediting discredited
To discredit someone or something means to cause them to lose people's respect or trust.

- ...a secret unit within the company that had been set up to discredit its major rival...

- He says his accusers are trying to discredit government foreign-aid policies.

- He said such methods would discredit the party worldwide.

VB

2. discredited

- The previous government is now thoroughly discredited.

- ...the old, discredited regimes.

ADJ-GRADED

3. discredit discredits discrediting discredited
To discredit an idea or evidence means to make it appear false or not certain.

- They realized there would be difficulties in discrediting the evidence.

VB

discredit

verb

1.

disgrace

bring into disrepute

defame

dishonour

disparage

slander

smear

vilify

2.

doubt

challenge

deny

disbelieve

discount

dispute

distrust

mistrust

question

noun

3.

disgrace

dishonour

disrepute

ignominy

ill-repute

scandal

shame

stigma

discreditable

[D.J.:disˈkreditəb(ə)l]

[K.K.:dɪsˈkrɛdɪtəbəl]

adj.

丢脸的

discreditable

discreditable
Discreditable behaviour is not acceptable because people consider it to be shameful and wrong. (FORMAL)

- She had been suspended from her job for discreditable behaviour.

ADJ-GRADED
= improper

discreditable

adjective

disgraceful

dishonourable

ignominious

reprehensible

scandalous

shameful

unworthy

discreet

[D.J.:disˈkri:t]

[K.K.:dɪˈskrit]

adj.

谨慎的, 慎重的, 考虑周到的

discreetly

adv.

谨慎地,小心地

discreet **

1. discreet
If you are discreet , you are polite and careful in what you do or say, because you want to avoid embarrassing or offending someone.

- They were gossipy and not always discreet.

- He followed at a discreet distance.

ADJ-GRADED

2. discreetly

- I took the phone, and she went discreetly into the living room.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV with cl

3. discreet
If you are discreet about something you are doing, you do not tell other people about it, in order to avoid being embarrassed or to gain an advantage.

- We were very discreet about the romance.

- She's making a few discreet inquiries with her mother's friends.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n

4. discreetly

- Everyone worked to make him welcome, and, more discreetly, to find out about him.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV with cl

5. discreet
If you describe something as discreet , you approve of it because it is small in size or degree, or not easily noticed.

- She is wearing a noticeably stylish, feminine dress, plus discreet jewellery.

ADJ-GRADED approval

6. discreetly

- ...stately houses, discreetly hidden behind great avenues of sturdy trees...

- The two rooms were relatively small and discreetly lit.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed/adj

discreet

adjective

tactful

careful

cautious

circumspect

considerate

diplomatic

guarded

judicious

prudent

wary

discrepancy

[D.J.:disˈkrepənsi]

[K.K.:dɪˈskrɛpənsi]

n.

差异, 不符合(之处); 不一致(之处)

discrepancy *

discrepancy discrepancies
If there is a discrepancy between two things that ought to be the same, there is a noticeable difference between them.

- ...the discrepancy between press and radio reports.

- ...major discrepancies in payments made to claimants in similar circumstances.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N between pl-n, N in n
= inconsistency

discrepancy

noun

disagreement

conflict

contradiction

difference

disparity

divergence

incongruity

inconsistency

variation

discrete

[D.J.:disˈkri:t]

[K.K.:dɪˈskrit]

adj.

分离的, 不相关联的

discrete

discrete
Discrete ideas or things are separate and distinct from each other. (FORMAL)

- ...instruction manuals that break down jobs into scores of discrete steps.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= separate

discretion

[D.J.:dɪˈskreʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈskrɛʃən]

n.

慎重, 谨慎

随意

at sb’s discretion

由某人斟酌决定；随某人支配

at the discretion of

随…的意见

discretion is the better part of valour

谨慎即大勇；不作无谓的冒险

discretion **

1. discretion
Discretion is the quality of behaving in a quiet and controlled way without drawing attention to yourself or giving away personal or private information. (FORMAL)

- Larsson sometimes joined in the fun, but with more discretion.

- He appreciated his discretion and his fidelity.

N-UNCOUNT

2. discretion
If someone in a position of authority uses their discretion or has the discretion to do something in a particular situation, they have the freedom and authority to decide what to do. (FORMAL)

- This committee may want to exercise its discretion to look into those charges.

- School governors have the discretion to allow parents to withdraw pupils in exceptional circumstances.

N-UNCOUNT

3. discretion
If something happens at someone's discretion , it can happen only if they decide to do it or give their permission. (FORMAL)

- We may vary the limit at our discretion and will notify you of any change.

- Where there are no service charges added to the bill, tip at your discretion.

- Visits are at the discretion of the owners.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR

4. discretion
If you say discretion is the better part of valour , you mean that avoiding a dangerous or unpleasant situation is sometimes the most sensible thing to do.
PHR: V inflects

discretion

noun

1.

tact

carefulness

caution

consideration

diplomacy

judiciousness

prudence

wariness

2.

choice

inclination

pleasure

preference

volition

will

discretionary

[D.J.:dɪˈskreʃəˌneri:]

[K.K.:dɪˈskrɛʃəˌnɛri]

adj.

任意的,无条件的

discretionary *

discretionary
Discretionary things are not fixed by rules but are decided on by people in authority, who consider each individual case.

- Magistrates were given wider discretionary powers.

- Check whether you are entitled to a discretionary grant for your course.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

discriminate

[D.J.:disˈkrimineit]

[K.K.:dɪˈskrɪməˌnet]

vt. & vi.

分别, 辨别, 区分

vi.

歧视, 有差别地对待

discriminating

[D.J.:dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:dɪˈskrɪməˌnetɪŋ]

adj.

有鉴别能力的;有识别能力的

discriminate *

1. discriminate discriminates discriminating discriminated
If you can discriminate between two things, you can recognize that they are different.

- He is incapable of discriminating between a good idea and a terrible one.

- The device can discriminate between the cancerous and the normal cells.

VB

2. discriminate discriminates discriminating discriminated
To discriminate against a group of people or in favour of a group of people means to unfairly treat them worse or better than other groups.

- They believe the law discriminates against women.

- ...legislation which would discriminate in favour of racial minorities...

- The Commission for Racial Equality teaches organisations not to discriminate.

VB
≠ favour

discriminating

discriminating
Someone who is discriminating has the ability to recognize things that are of good quality.

- The more discriminating visitor is often inclined nowadays to shun the area.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= discerning

discriminate

verb

1.

show prejudice

favour

show bias

single out

treat as inferior

treat differently

victimize

2.

differentiate

distinguish

draw a distinction

segregate

separate

tell the difference

discriminating

adjective

discerning

cultivated

fastidious

particular

refined

selective

tasteful

discrimination

[D.J.:disˌkrimiˈneiʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˌskrɪməˈneʃən]

n.

歧视

辨别; 辨别力, 识别力

discrimination **

1. discrimination
Discrimination is the practice of treating one person or group of people less fairly or less well than other people or groups.

- She is exempt from sex discrimination laws.

- ...discrimination against immigrants.

- ...measures to counteract racial discrimination.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. discrimination
Discrimination is knowing what is good or of high quality.

- They cooked without skill and ate without discrimination.

N-UNCOUNT
= taste

3. discrimination
Discrimination is the ability to recognize and understand the differences between two things.

- We will then have an objective measure of how colour discrimination and visual acuity develop at the level of the brain.

- ...the system that allows a mother to make the discrimination between her own and alien lambs.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

discrimination

noun

1.

prejudice

bias

bigotry

favouritism

intolerance

unfairness

2.

discernment

judgment

perception

refinement

subtlety

taste

discriminatory

[D.J.:dɪˈskrɪmənəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:]

[K.K.:dɪˈskrɪmənəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

有识别力的

差别对待的

discriminatory *

discriminatory
Discriminatory laws or practices are unfair because they treat one group of people worse than other groups.

- These reforms will abolish racially discriminatory laws.

ADJ
= biased

discursive

[D.J.:dɪˈskɜ:sɪv]

[K.K.:dɪˈskə..sɪv]

adj.

东拉西扯的,离题的

discursive

discursive
If a style of writing is discursive , it includes a lot of facts or opinions that are not necessarily relevant. (FORMAL)

- ...a livelier, more candid and more discursive treatment of the subject.

ADJ-GRADED

discus

[D.J.:ˈdɪskəs]

[K.K.:ˈdɪskəs]

n.

铁饼

discus

1. discus discuses
A discus is a heavy circular object which athletes try to throw as far as they can as a sport.
N-COUNT

2. discus
The discus is the sport of throwing a discus.

- He won the discus at the Montreal Olympics.

N-SING: the N

discuss

[D.J.:disˈkʌs]

[K.K.:dɪˈskʌs]

vt. & vi.

谈论, 讨论; 商量, 论述

discuss ****

1. discuss discusses discussing discussed
If people discuss something, they talk about it, often in order to reach a decision.

- I will be discussing the situation with colleagues tomorrow.

- The cabinet met today to discuss how to respond to the ultimatum.

VB

2. discuss discusses discussing discussed
If you discuss something, you write or talk about it in detail.

- I will discuss the role of diet in cancer prevention in Chapter 7.

- Coming up after the news, Dan Schorr discusses the state of the presidential campaign.

VB

discuss

verb

talk about

argue

confer

consider

converse

debate

deliberate

examine

discussion

[D.J.:disˈkʌʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈskʌʃən]

n.

讨论, 商讨

discussion ****

1. discussion discussions
If something is under discussion , it is still being talked about and a final decision has not yet been reached.

- There was a lot of discussion about the wording of the report.

- Council members are due to have informal discussions later on today.

- The whole question of school curriculum is up for discussion.

- The plan may well be over-ambitious, and is clearly open to discussion.

- `The proposals are still under discussion,' she said.

PHR: v-link PHR

2. discussion discussions
A discussion of a subject is a piece of writing or a lecture in which someone talks about it in detail.

- For a discussion of biology and sexual politics, see chapter 4.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. discussion
A discussion document or paper is one that contains information and usually proposals for people to discuss.
ADJ: ADJ n

discussion

noun

talk

analysis

argument

conference

consultation

conversation

debate

deliberation

dialogue

discourse

discussion group

discussion group discussion groups
A discussion group is a group of people who meet regularly to discuss a particular subject.
N-COUNT

disdain

[D.J.:disˈdein]

[K.K.:dɪsˈden]

n.

鄙视, 轻蔑

vt.

鄙视

不屑于做, 不愿意做

disdain *

1. disdain
If you feel disdain for someone or something, you dislike them because you think that they are inferior or unimportant.

- Janet looked at him with disdain.

- She shared her daughter's disdain for her fellow countrymen.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n
= contempt scorn

2. disdain disdains disdaining disdained
If you disdain someone or something, you regard them with disdain.

- Jackie disdained the servants that her millions could buy.

VB

3. disdain disdains disdaining disdained
If you disdain to do something, you do not do it, because you feel that you are too important to do it.

- Franklin told Sara that he had himself disdained to take the job.

VB
= scorn

disdain

noun

1.

contempt

arrogance

derision

haughtiness

scorn

superciliousness

verb

2.

scorn

deride

disregard

look down on

reject

slight

sneer at

spurn

disdainful

[D.J.:dɪsˈdeɪnfəl]

[K.K.:dɪsˈdenfəl]

adj.

轻蔑的,蔑视的

disdainfully

adv.

disdainfulness

n.

disdainfully

[D.J.:dɪsˈdeɪnfʊlɪ]

[K.K.:dɪsˈdenfəlɪ]

adv.

轻蔑地;藐视地;倨傲地

disdainfulness

n.

轻蔑,藐视

disdainful

1. disdainful
To be disdainful means to dislike something or someone because you think they are unimportant or not worth your attention.

- He is highly disdainful of anything to do with the literary establishment.

- Edgar cast a disdainful look at his twin.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of n
= scornful contemptuous

2. disdainfully

- `You're thorough,' Yvonne said disdainfully, `but clearly not thorough enough.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

disdainful

adjective

contemptuous

aloof

arrogant

derisive

haughty

proud

scornful

sneering

supercilious

superior

disease

[D.J.:diˈzi:z]

[K.K.:dɪˈziz]

n.

疾病, 病害

disease ****

1. disease diseases
A disease is an illness which affects people, animals, or plants, for example one which is caused by bacteria or infection.

- ...the rapid spread of disease in the area.

- ...illnesses such as heart disease...

- Doctors believe they have cured him of the disease.

N-VAR

2. disease diseases
You can refer to a bad attitude or habit, usually one that a group of people have, as a disease . (LITERARY)

- ...the wretched disease of racism eating away at the core of our society.

N-COUNT: with supp
= blight

disease

noun

illness

affliction

ailment

complaint

condition

disorder

infection

infirmity

malady

sickness

diseased

[D.J.:dɪˈzi:zd]

[K.K.:dɪˈzizd]

adj.

患病的

diseased *

1. diseased
Something that is diseased is affected by a disease.

- The arteries are diseased and a transplant is the only hope.

- Clear away dead or diseased plants.

ADJ
≠ healthy

2. diseased
If you say that someone's mind is diseased , you are emphasizing that you think it is not normal or balanced.

- Gardner describes the book as `the product of a diseased and evil mind'.

ADJ: usu ADJ n emphasis

diseased

adjective

sick

ailing

infected

rotten

sickly

unhealthy

unsound

unwell

unwholesome

disembark

[D.J.:ˌdɪsemˈbɑ:k]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɛmˈbɑrk]

vt. & vi.

(使)登陆〔上岸〕

disembarkation

[ˈdisembɑ:ˈkeiʃən]

n.

起岸,登陆

disembark

1. disembark disembarks disembarking disembarked
When passengers disembark from a ship, aeroplane, or bus, they leave it at the end of their journey. (FORMAL)

- I looked towards the plane. Six passengers had already disembarked.

VB
= get off

2. disembarkation

- Disembarkation is at 7.30am.

N-UNCOUNT

disembark

verb

land

alight

arrive

get off

go ashore

step out of

disembodied

[D.J.:ˌdɪsɪmˈbɔdɪd]

adj.

(灵魂)脱离肉体的,脱离实体的

无身体的,不具形体的

disembodied

1. disembodied
Disembodied means seeming not to be attached to or to come from anyone.

- A disembodied voice sounded from the back of the cabin.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. disembodied
Disembodied means separated from or existing without a body.

- ...a disembodied head.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

disembowel

[D.J.:disimˈbauəl]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɛmˈbaʊəl]

vt.

除去(或取出)…的肠子(或内脏等)

disembowel

1. disembowel disembowels disembowelling disembowelled
To disembowel a person or animal means to remove their internal organs, especially their stomach, intestines, and bowels.

- ...a psychopath who hangs and disembowels his prey...

- It shows a fox being disembowelled by a pack of hounds.

VB (AM) disemboweling , disemboweled
= gut

2. disembowel disembowels disembowelling disembowelled
To disembowel something means to take out the inside of it, especially in a such a way that it is destroyed or made completely useless. (LITERARY)

- Next, she disembowelled a melon with a quiet fury.

- The interiors were disembowelled and rebuilt.

VB (AM) disemboweling , disemboweled

disempower

disempower disempowers disempowering disempowered
If someone or something disempowers you, they take away your power or influence.

- She feels that women have been disempowered throughout history.

VB: oft passive

disenchanted

[D.J.:ˌdɪsɪnˈtʃɑ:ntɪd]

adj.

不再抱幻想的,不再着迷的,感到幻灭的

disenchanted *

disenchanted
If you are disenchanted with something, you are disappointed with it and no longer believe that it is good or worthwhile.

- I'm disenchanted with the state of British theatre at the moment.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n
= disillusioned

disenchanted

adjective

disillusioned

cynical

disappointed

indifferent

jaundiced

let down

sick of

soured

disenchantment

n.

觉醒,清醒

disenchantment

disenchantment
Disenchantment is the feeling of being disappointed with something, and no longer believing that it is good or worthwhile.

- There's growing disenchantment with the Government.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N with n
= disillusionment

disenchantment

noun

disillusionment

disappointment

disillusion

rude awakening

disenfranchise

[D.J.:ˌdɪsenˈfrænˌtʃaɪz]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɛnˈfrænˌtʃaɪz]

vt.

剥夺…的选举权,剥夺…的公民权,终止…的特许权

disenfranchisement

n.

disenfranchise

disenfranchise disenfranchises disenfranchising disenfranchised
To disenfranchise a group of people means to take away their right to vote, or their right to vote for what they really want.

- ...fears of an organized attempt to disenfranchise supporters of Father Aristide.

- ...the helplessness of disenfranchised minorities.

VB

disengage

[D.J.:ˌdisinˈɡeidʒ]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɛnˈɡedʒ]

vt.

分开, 分离

解开, 松开

释放

使(部队)脱离战斗

vi.

脱离

disengaged

[D.J.:ˌdɪsɪnˈ geɪd ʒd]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɪnˈɡed ʒd]

adj.

自由的;闲散的;未约束的

脱离的

未被预订的

disengaging

[ˈdisinˈɡeidʒiŋ]

n.

分离,解开,脱扣

adj.

绝缘的

disengage

1. disengage disengages disengaging disengaged
If you disengage something, or if it disengages , it becomes separate from something which it has been attached to.

- She disengaged the film advance mechanism on the camera.

- John gently disengaged himself from his sister's tearful embrace.

- When his front brake cable disengaged, he was forced to brake with his foot.

V-ERG

2. disengage disengages disengaging disengaged
If an army disengages from an area, it withdraws from that area.

- ...the evident desire of both superpowers to disengage from Afghanistan...

- More vigorous action is needed to force the federal army to disengage.

VB

disengaged

disengaged
If someone is disengaged from something, they are not as involved with it as you would expect.

- The film has the feel of a man curiously disengaged from his material.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ from n
= detached

disengage

verb

release

disentangle

extricate

free

loosen

set free

unloose

untie

disengagement

[ˈdisinˈɡeidʒmənt]

n.

脱离, 分开

解开

解脱; 分离

解除婚约

安逸; 悠闲

disengagement

disengagement
Disengagement is a process by which people gradually stop being involved in a conflict, activity, or organization.

- This policy of disengagement from the European war had its critics.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N from n
= withdrawal

disentangle

[D.J.:ˌdɪsenˈtæŋgəl]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɛnˈtæŋɡəl]

vt.

解开…的结,从(乱麻、纠葛中)解脱出来

disentanglement

n.

disentanglement

n.

解开纠结

disentangle

1. disentangle disentangles disentangling disentangled
If you disentangle a complicated or confused situation, you make it easier to understand or manage to understand it, by clearly recognizing each separate element.

- In this new book, Harrison brilliantly disentangles complex debates.

- It's impossible to disentangle the myth from reality.

VB

2. disentangle disentangles disentangling disentangled
If you disentangle something or someone from an undesirable thing or situation, you separate it from that thing or remove it from that situation.

- They are looking at ways to disentangle him from this major policy decision.

- The first thing they must do is disentangle themselves from the past.

VB
= distance

3. disentangle disentangles disentangling disentangled
If you disentangle something, you separate it from things that are twisted around it, or things that it is twisted or knotted around.

- She clawed at the bushes to disentangle herself.

- The rope could not be disentangled and had to be cut.

VB
= unsnarl

disentangle

verb

untangle

disconnect

disengage

extricate

free

loose

unravel

disequilibrium

[D.J.:ˌdisekwəˈlibriəm]

[K.K.:dɪsˌikwəˈlɪbriəm, -ˌɛkwə-]

n.

失去平衡, 不平衡, 失调

disequilibrium

disequilibrium
Disequilibrium is a state in which things are not stable or certain, but are likely to change suddenly. (FORMAL)

- There may be a period of disequilibrium as family members adjust to the new baby.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

disestablish

[D.J.:ˈdisisˈtæbliʃ]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɪˈstæblɪʃ]

v.

废除…,使政教分离

disestablish

1. disestablish disestablishes disestablishing disestablished
To disestablish a church or religion means to take away its official status, so that it is no longer recognized as a national institution. (FORMAL)

- For several reasons, it would be right to disestablish the church.

VB

2. disestablishment

- His clergyman father was a victim of Welsh Anglican disestablishment.

N-UNCOUNT

disfavour

[D.J.:dɪsˈfeɪvə]

[K.K.:dɪsˈfevɚ]

n.

不喜爱,厌恶

不赞成

受冷遇,失宠

disfavour

1. disfavour
If someone or something is in disfavour , people dislike or disapprove of them. If someone or something falls into disfavour , people start to dislike or disapprove of them. (FORMAL)

- He had escaped from Russia because his boss was in disfavour with tthe ruling party.

- He fell into disfavor as the president fell in the polls.

N-UNCOUNT: usu in/into N (AM) disfavor

2. disfavour
If you look at someone or something with disfavour , the expression on your face shows that you dislike or disapprove of them. (FORMAL)

- She eyed his unruly collar-length hair with disfavour.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with N (AM) disfavor
= distaste

disfavour

noun

disapproval

disapprobation

dislike

displeasure

disfigure

[D.J.:dɪsˈfɪgjə]

[K.K.:dɪsˈfɪɡjɚ]

vt.

损毁…的外形, 使变丑

disfigure *

1. disfigure disfigures disfiguring disfigured
If someone is disfigured , their appearance is spoiled.

- Many of the wounded had been badly disfigured.

VB: usu passive

2. disfigured

- She tried not to look at the scarred, disfigured face.

- Two dogs attacked him, leaving him horribly disfigured.

ADJ-GRADED

3. disfigure disfigures disfiguring disfigured
To disfigure an object or a place means to spoil its appearance.

- Wind turbines are large and noisy and they disfigure the landscape.

VB

disfigure

verb

damage

blemish

deface

deform

distort

mar

mutilate

scar

disfigurement

[disˈfiɡəmənt]

n.

毁容,缺陷,畸形

disfigurement

disfigurement disfigurements
A disfigurement is something, for example a scar, that spoils a person's appearance.

- He had surgery to correct a facial disfigurement.

N-VAR: oft supp N
= blemish

disgorge

[D.J.:dɪsˈgɔ:dʒ]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɡɔrdʒ]

vt.

吐出,呕吐

退出,倒出(食物、液体等)

disgorging

[disˈɡɔ:dʒiŋ]

n.

被迫交出,吐出(脏物)

disgorge

1. disgorge disgorges disgorging disgorged
If something disgorges its contents, it empties them out. (WRITTEN)

- The ground had opened to disgorge a boiling stream of molten lava.

VB

2. disgorge disgorges disgorging disgorged
If you say that a vehicle or building disgorges people, especially a lot of people, you mean that the people leave the vehicle or building. (WRITTEN)

- The bus drew up in the village square and disgorged its passengers.

VB

3. disgorge disgorges disgorging disgorged
If an animal disgorges something it has swallowed, it produces it again from its mouth.

- They pursue other birds, forcing them to disgorge the fish they have caught.

VB

disgorge

verb

vomit

discharge

eject

empty

expel

disgrace

[D.J.:disˈɡreis]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɡres]

n.

丢脸, 耻辱, 不光彩

丢脸的人(或事)

vt.

使丢脸, 使受耻辱

使失宠

disgrace *

1. disgrace
If you say that someone is in disgrace , you are emphasizing that other people disapprove of them and do not respect them because of something that they have done.

- His vice president also had to resign in disgrace.

- She has brought disgrace upon womankind.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N emphasis
= dishonour

2. disgrace
If you say that something is a disgrace , you are emphasizing that it is very bad or wrong, and that you find it completely unacceptable.

- The way the sales were handled was a complete disgrace.

- The national airline is a disgrace.

N-SING: a N emphasis
= scandal

3. disgrace
You say that someone is a disgrace to someone else when you want to emphasize that their behaviour causes the other person to feel ashamed.

- Republican leaders called him a disgrace to the party.

- What went on was a scandal. It was a disgrace to Britain.

N-SING: a N, usu N to n emphasis
= scandal

4. disgrace disgraces disgracing disgraced
If you say that someone disgraces someone else, you are emphasizing that their behaviour causes the other person to feel ashamed.

- I have disgraced my family's name.

- I've disgraced myself by the actions I've taken.

VB emphasis

disgraced *

disgraced
You use disgraced to describe someone whose bad behaviour has caused them to lose the approval and respect of the public or of people in authority.

- ...the disgraced leader of the coup.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= discredited

disgrace

noun

1.

shame

degradation

dishonour

disrepute

ignominy

infamy

odium

opprobrium

2.

stain

blemish

blot

reproach

scandal

slur

stigma

verb

3.

bring shame upon

degrade

discredit

dishonour

humiliate

shame

sully

taint

disgraceful

[D.J.:dɪsˈgreɪsfəl]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɡresfəl]

adj.

可耻的,丢脸的,不光彩的

disgracefully

adv.

丢脸地,不光彩地

disgracefulness

n.

不光彩

disgracefully

[D.J.:dɪsˈ greɪsfəlɪ]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɡresfəlɪ]

adv.

不光彩地;可耻地

disgraceful *

1. disgraceful
If you say that something such as behaviour or a situation is disgraceful , you disapprove of it strongly, and feel that the person or people responsible should be ashamed of it.

- It's disgraceful that they have detained for him so long.

- I complained about his disgraceful behaviour.

- I think what's happening is disgraceful.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ that disapproval
= shocking scandalous

2. disgracefully

- He felt that his brother had behaved disgracefully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj/-ed

disgraceful

adjective

shameful

contemptible

detestable

dishonourable

disreputable

ignominious

scandalous

shocking

unworthy

disgruntled

[D.J.:disˈgrʌntld]

adj.

不满的, 不高兴的

disgruntled *

disgruntled
If you are disgruntled , you are cross and dissatisfied because things have not happened the way that you wanted them to happen.

- Disgruntled employees recently called for his resignation.

- Party members are disgruntled at the way the campaign is being handled.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ by/at/over n
= discontented

disgruntled

adjective

discontented

annoyed

displeased

dissatisfied

grumpy

irritated

peeved

put out

vexed

disguise

[D.J.:disˈɡaiz]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɡaɪz]

vt.

假扮, 化装; 伪装

掩盖, 掩饰

n.

伪装

伪装品

disguise **

1. disguise disguises
If you are in disguise , you are not wearing your usual clothes or you have altered your appearance in other ways, so that people will not recognize you.

- You'll have to travel in disguise.

- He was wearing that ridiculous disguise.

- She's adopted so many disguises her own mother wouldn't recognize her.

N-VAR: oft in N

2. disguise disguises disguising disguised
If you disguise yourself, you put on clothes which make you look like someone else or alter your appearance in other ways, so that people will not recognize you.

- She disguised herself as a man so she could fight on the battlefield.

VB

3. disguised

- The extremists entered the building disguised as medical workers.

- I was heavily disguised.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ as n

4. disguise disguises disguising disguised
To disguise something means to hide it or make it appear different so that people will not know about it or will not recognize it.

- He made no attempt to disguise his agitation.

- Their healthy image disguises the fact that they are highly processed foods.

- I played along, and disguised my voice.

VB

5. disguised

- The proposal is a thinly disguised effort to revive the price controls of the 1970s.

ADJ-GRADED

disguise

verb

1.

hide

camouflage

cloak

conceal

cover

mask

screen

shroud

veil

2.

misrepresent

fake

falsify

noun

3.

costume

camouflage

cover

mask

screen

veil

4.

fa¸cade

deception

dissimulation

front

pretence

semblance

trickery

veneer

disguised

adjective

in disguise

camouflaged

covert

fake

false

feigned

incognito

masked

undercover

disgust

[D.J.:disˈɡʌst]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɡʌst]

n.

反感, 厌恶, 嫌恶

vt.

使反感, 厌恶

disgusted

[D.J.:dɪsˈgʌstɪd]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɡʌstɪd]

adj.

厌恶的, 厌烦的

disgustedly

adv.

厌烦地

disgusting

[D.J.:dɪsˈgʌstɪŋ]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɡʌstɪŋ]

adj.

令人作呕的, 令人厌恶的

非常令人不快的, 极坏的, 极糟的

disgust **

1. disgust
Disgust is a feeling of very strong dislike or disapproval.

- He spoke of his disgust at the incident.

- A look of disgust came over his face.

- I threw the book aside in disgust.

N-UNCOUNT
= revulsion

2. disgust disgusts disgusting disgusted
To disgust someone means to make them feel a strong sense of dislike and disapproval.

- He disgusted many with his boorish behaviour.

VB

disgusted *

1. disgusted
If you are disgusted , you feel a strong sense of dislike and disapproval at something.

- I'm disgusted with the way that he was treated.

- He was disgusted that a British minister could have behaved so disgracefully.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with/by/at n, ADJ that
= appalled

2. disgustedly

- `It's a little late for that,' Ritter said disgustedly.

ADV: ADV with v

disgusting *

1. disgusting
If you say that something is disgusting , you are criticizing it because it is extremely unpleasant.

- It tasted disgusting.

- Smoking is a disgusting habit.

ADJ-GRADED
= revolting

2. disgusting
If you say that something is disgusting , you mean that you find it completely unacceptable.

- It's disgusting that the taxpayer is subsidising this project.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ that
= disgraceful

disgust

noun

1.

loathing

abhorrence

aversion

dislike

distaste

hatred

nausea

repugnance

repulsion

revulsion

verb

2.

sicken

displease

nauseate

offend

put off

repel

revolt

disgusted

adjective

sickened

appalled

nauseated

offended

repulsed

scandalized

disgusting

adjective

sickening

foul

gross

loathsome

nauseating

offensive

repellent

repugnant

revolting

dish

[D.J.:diʃ]

[K.K.:dɪʃ]

n.

盘, 碟

一盘食物, 一碟食物, 一道菜, 菜肴

餐具

外貌有吸引力的人, 漂亮的人

vt.

盛于碟盘中; 分发, 提供

使某人的希望破灭, 使某人不能成功

dishes

器皿

dish ***

1. dish dishes
A dish is a shallow container with a wide uncovered top. You eat and serve food from dishes and cook food in them.

- ...plastic bowls and dishes...

- Pile potatoes into a warm serving dish.

N-COUNT

2. dish dishes
The contents of a dish can be referred to as a dish of something.

- Nicholas ate a dish of spaghetti.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. dish dishes
Food that is prepared in a particular style or combination can be referred to as a dish .

- This dish is best served cold.

- There are plenty of vegetarian dishes to choose from.

- ...a delicious fish dish.

N-COUNT

4. dish dishes
All the objects that have been used to cook, serve, and eat a meal can be referred to as the dishes .

- There were dirty dishes in the sink.

- He'd cooked dinner and washed the dishes.

N-PLURAL

5. dish dishes
You can use the word dish to refer to anything that is round and hollow in shape with a wide uncovered top.

- ...a dish used to receive satellite broadcasts.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

6. dish
If you do the dishes , you wash the dishes.

- I hate doing the dishes.

PHR: V inflects
to dish the dirt : see dirt .

dish

noun

1.

bowl

plate

platter

salver

2.

food

fare

recipe

dish out ***

1. dish out dishes out; dishing out; dished out
If you dish out something, you distribute it among a number of people. (INFORMAL)

- Doctors, not pharmacists, are responsible for dishing out drugs.

- The council wants to dish the money out to specific projects.

PHR-V

2. dish out dishes out; dishing out; dished out
If someone dishes out criticism or punishment, they give it to someone.

- Do you usually dish out criticism to someone who's doing you a favour?.

PHR-V

3. dish out dishes out; dishing out; dished out
If someone dishes it out to you, they strongly criticize or punish you. (INFORMAL)

- He's a big man and he's prepared to dish it out if he has to.

PHR-V

4. dish out dishes out; dishing out; dished out
If you dish out food, you serve it to people at the beginning of each course of a meal. (INFORMAL)

- Here in the dining hall the cooks dish out chicken à la king.

PHR-V

dish up ***

dish up dishes up; dishing up; dished up
If you dish up food, you serve it. (INFORMAL)

- They dished up a superb meal.

- I'll dish up and you can grate the Parmesan.

PHR-V

disharmony

[D.J.:ˈdisˈhɑ:məni]

[K.K.:dɪsˈhɑrməni]

n.

不调和

disharmony

disharmony
When there is disharmony , people disagree about important things and this causes an unpleasant atmosphere. (FORMAL)

- ...the root causes of racial disharmony.

N-UNCOUNT
= conflict ≠ harmony

dishcloth

[D.J.:ˈdiʃklɔθ]

[K.K.:ˈdɪʃˌklɔθ, -ˌklɑθ]

n.

抹布(尤指碗布)

dishcloth

1. dishcloth dishcloths
A dishcloth is a cloth used to dry dishes after they have been washed.
N-COUNT
= tea-towel

2. dishcloth dishcloths
A dishcloth is a cloth used for washing dishes, pans, and cutlery.
N-COUNT

disheartened

[D.J.:dɪsˈhɑ:tnd]

[K.K.: dɪsˈhɑrtn..d]

adj.

沮丧的,灰心的

disheartened

disheartened
If you are disheartened , you feel disappointed about something and have less confidence or less hope about it than you did before.

- He was disheartened by their hostile reaction.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ by n
= dejected

disheartening

使人沮丧的

disheartening

disheartening
If something is disheartening , it makes you feel disappointed and less confident or less hopeful.
ADJ-GRADED
= depressing

dishevelled

[D.J.:diˈʃev(ə)ld]

[K.K.:dɪˈʃɛvəld]

adj.

散乱的,蓬乱的

dishevelled

dishevelled
If you describe someone's hair, clothes, or appearance as dishevelled , you mean that it is very untidy.

- She arrived flushed and dishevelled.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) disheveled
= unkempt

dishevelled

adjective

untidy

bedraggled

disordered

messy

ruffled

rumpled

tousled

uncombed

unkempt

dishonest

[D.J.:dɪsˈɔnɪst]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɑnɪst]

adj.

(人或其行为)不诚实的, 不老实的, 不正直的

dishonestly

adv.

不诚实地,不正直地

dishonest *

1. dishonest
If you say that a person or their behaviour is dishonest , you mean that they are not truthful or honest and that you cannot trust them.

- You have been dishonest with me.

- It would be dishonest to mislead people and not to present the data as fairly as possible.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

2. dishonestly

- The key issue was whether the four defendants acted dishonestly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

dishonest

adjective

deceitful

bent slang

cheating

corrupt

crooked informal

disreputable

double-dealing

false

lying

treacherous

dishonesty

[D.J.:dɪsˈɔnɪsti:]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɑnɪsti]

n.

不诚实的行为

dishonesty *

dishonesty
Dishonesty is dishonest behaviour.

- She accused the government of dishonesty and incompetence.

N-UNCOUNT

dishonesty

noun

deceit

cheating

chicanery

corruption

fraud

treachery

trickery

unscrupulousness

dishonour

[D.J.:dɪsˈɔnə]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɑnɚ]

n.

不名誉,耻辱,丢脸

丢脸的人或事

vt.

使(人、家族等)丧失名誉

拒绝承兑(支票等)

dishonour

1. dishonour dishonours dishonouring dishonoured
If you dishonour someone, you behave in a way that damages their good reputation. (FORMAL)

- It would dishonour my family if I didn't wear the veil.

VB (AM) dishonor

2. dishonour
Dishonour is a state in which people disapprove of you and lose their respect for you. (FORMAL)

- This time it is not a question of choosing between death and dishonour.

- She refuses to see her beloved boy die in such dishonor.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) dishonor
= disgrace

3. dishonour dishonours dishonouring dishonoured
If someone dishonours an agreement, they refuse to act according to its conditions.

- We found that the bank had dishonoured some of our cheques.

- ...the dishonoured pledges to British manufacturing.

VB (AM) dishonor

dishonour

verb

1.

shame

debase

debauch

defame

degrade

discredit

disgrace

sully

noun

2.

shame

discredit

disgrace

disrepute

ignominy

infamy

obloquy

reproach

scandal

3.

insult

abuse

affront

discourtesy

indignity

offence

outrage

sacrilege

slight

dishonourable

adj.

〈英〉不名誉的

dishonourable

1. dishonourable
Someone who is dishonourable is not honest and does things which you consider to be morally unacceptable.

- Mark had done nothing dishonourable.

- He was not a dishonourable man, he was merely a professional.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) dishonorable
= disreputable

2. dishonourably

- He will not be seen to act dishonourably. He could not live with that.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

dishonourable

adjective

1.

shameful

contemptible

despicable

discreditable

disgraceful

ignominious

infamous

scandalous

2.

untrustworthy

blackguardly

corrupt

disreputable

shameless

treacherous

unprincipled

unscrupulous

dish towel

dish towel dish towels
A dish towel is a cloth used to dry dishes after they have been washed. (AM; in BRIT use tea towel )
N-COUNT

dishwasher

[D.J.:ˈdiʃˌwɔʃə]

[K.K.:ˈdɪʃˌwɑʃɚ, -ˌwɔʃɚ]

n.

洗碗碟的人, 洗碗碟机

dishwasher *

dishwasher dishwashers
A dishwasher is an electrically operated machine that washes and dries plates, saucepans, and cutlery.
N-COUNT

dishwater

[D.J.:ˈdiʃwɔ:tə]

[K.K.:ˈdɪʃˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ]

n.

洗碟的水,洗碗水

dishwater

dishwater
Dishwater is water that dishes, pans, and cutlery have been washed in.
N-UNCOUNT

dishy

[D.J.:ˈdiʃi]

[K.K.:ˈdɪʃi]

adj.

有魅力的

dishy

dishy
If you describe someone as dishy , you mean they are very good looking and attractive; used especially by women about men. (BRIT; INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED

disillusion

[D.J.:ˌdisiˈlu:ʒən]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɪˈluʒən]

vt.

使不再抱幻想, 使理想破灭

disillusioned

[D.J.:ˌdisiˈlu:ʒənd]

adj.

不再抱幻想的, 大失所望的

disillusion *

1. disillusion disillusions disillusioning disillusioned
If a person or thing disillusions you, they make you realize that something is not as good as you thought.

- I'd hate to be the one to disillusion him.

- He said he had been bitterly disillusioned by his country's failure to change into a democracy.

VB

2. disillusion
Disillusion is the same as disillusionment .

- There is disillusion with established political parties.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

disillusioned *

disillusioned
If you are disillusioned with something, you are disappointed, because it is not as good as you had expected or thought.

- I've become very disillusioned with politics.

- He had become disillusioned because he could not find a job.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n
= disenchanted

disillusioned

adjective

disenchanted

disabused

disappointed

enlightened

undeceived

disillusionment

[D.J.:ˌdɪsɪˈlu: ʒənmənt]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɪˈlu ʒənmənt]

n.

醒悟;理想破灭

disillusionment *

disillusionment
Disillusionment is the disappointment that you feel when you discover that something is not as good as you had expected or thought.

- There is evidence of a general sense of disillusionment with the government.

- ...the pain, disillusionment and despair we experience when someone we idolized has betrayed our trust.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N with n
= disenchantment

disincentive

[D.J.:ˌdisinˈsentiv]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɪnˈsɛntɪv]

adj.

妨碍活动的

n.

使受挫折的事物

disincentives

不利于经济发展的因素

disincentive

disincentive disincentives
A disincentive is something which discourages people from behaving or acting in a particular way. (FORMAL)

- High marginal tax rates may act as a disincentive to working longer hours.

N-VAR: oft N to n/-ing, N to-inf
= deterrent

disinclination

[D.J.:dɪsˌɪnkləˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:dɪsˌɪnkləˈneʃən]

n.

<正>不愿意;不情愿

disinclination

disinclination
A disinclination to do something is a feeling that you do not want to do it. (FORMAL)

- They are showing a marked disinclination to pursue these opportunities.

N-SING: usu N to-inf
= reluctance

disinclination

noun

reluctance

aversion

dislike

hesitance

objection

opposition

repugnance

resistance

unwillingness

disinclined

[D.J.:ˌdɪsɪnˈklaɪnd]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɪnˈklaɪnd]

adj.

不情愿；勉强

disinclined

disinclined
If you are disinclined to do something, you do not want to do it. (FORMAL)

- He was disinclined to talk about himself, especially to his students.

- They are disinclined to use violence because it is against their Buddhist faith.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to-inf
= reluctant unwilling

disinclined

adjective

reluctant

averse

hesitating

loath

not in the mood

opposed

resistant

unwilling

disinfect

[D.J.:ˌdɪsɪnˈfekt]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɪnˈfɛkt]

vt.

除去(感染), 给…消毒

disinfect

disinfect disinfects disinfecting disinfected
If you disinfect something, you clean it using a substance that kills germs.

- Chlorine is used to disinfect water.

- Make sure the draining board, sink and plug hole are regularly disinfected.

VB
= sterilize

disinfect

verb

sterilize

clean

cleanse

decontaminate

deodorize

fumigate

purify

sanitize

disinfectant

[D.J.:ˌdɪsɪnˈfektənt]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɪnˈfɛktənt]

n.

消毒剂, 杀菌剂

disinfectant

disinfectant disinfectants
Disinfectant is a substance that kills germs. It is used, for example, for cleaning kitchens and bathrooms.

- Effluent from the sedimentation tank is dosed with disinfectant to kill any harmful organisms.

- Salt is a natural disinfectant.

N-MASS
= antiseptic

disinfectant

noun

antiseptic

germicide

sterilizer

disinflation

[D.J.:ˌdɪsɪnˈfleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɪnˈfleʃən]

n.

<经>制止通货膨胀,通货紧缩(政策)

disinflationary

adj.

disinflation

disinflation
Disinflation is a reduction in the rate of inflation, especially as a result of government policies.
N-UNCOUNT
≠ inflation

disinformation

[D.J.:disˌinfəˈmeiʃən]

[K.K.:dɪsˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən]

n.

故意的假情报

disinformation

disinformation
If you accuse someone of spreading disinformation , you are accusing them of spreading false information in order to deceive people.

- They spread scandal and disinformation in order to discredit certain politicians.

- The government has been involved in a disinformation campaign, deliberately misleading and harassing its citizens.

N-UNCOUNT

disingenuous

[D.J.:ˌdɪsɪnˈdʒenju:əs]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɪnˈdʒɛnjuəs]

adj.

不真诚的；不坦率的

disingenuously

adv.

disingenuousness

n.

disingenuously

adv.

不诚实地,不坦白地

disingenuous

1. disingenuous
Someone who is disingenuous is slightly dishonest and insincere in what they say. (FORMAL)

- It is certainly an interesting colour, but it would be disingenuous to claim that this is a work of great beauty.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

2. disingenuously

- He disingenuously remarked that `he did not understand about strategy and tactics'.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

disinherit

[D.J.:ˈdisinˈherit]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɪnˈhɛrɪt]

v.

剥夺继承权,剥夺特权

disinherit

disinherit disinherits disinheriting disinherited
If you disinherit someone such as your son or daughter, you arrange that they will not become the owner of your money and property after your death, usually because they have done something that you do not approve of.

- He resorted to financial blackmail, threatening to disinherit her if she refused to end her relationship with Pierre.

VB

disinherit

verb Law

cut off

disown

dispossess

oust

repudiate

disintegrate

[D.J.:dɪsˈɪntɪˌgreɪt]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɪntɪˌɡret]

vt. & vi.

(使)破裂〔分裂, 粉碎〕;(使)崩溃

disintegrating

分裂本领

disintegration

[D.J.:dɪsˌɪntɪˈgreɪʃən]

[K.K.:dɪsˌɪntɪˈɡreʃən]

n.

瓦解;崩溃

<物>裂变;蜕变

disintegrate **

1. disintegrate disintegrates disintegrating disintegrated
If something disintegrates , it becomes seriously weakened, and is divided or destroyed.

- During October 1918 the Austro-Hungarian Empire began to disintegrate.

VB

2. disintegration

- ...the violent disintegration of Yugoslavia.

- ...the disintegration of an ordinary marriage.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. disintegrate disintegrates disintegrating disintegrated
If an object or substance disintegrates , it breaks into many small pieces or parts and is destroyed.

- At 420 mph the windscreen disintegrated.

VB

4. disintegration

- The report describes the catastrophic disintegration of the aircraft after the explosion.

N-UNCOUNT

disintegrate

verb

break up

break apart

crumble

fall apart

go to pieces

separate

shatter

splinter

disinter

[D.J.:ˌdɪsɪnˈtɜ:]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɪnˈtə..]

vt.

掘出(尸体)

disinterment

n.

disinterment

n.

挖掘

disinter

1. disinter disinters disinterring disinterred
When a dead body is disinterred , it is dug up from out of the ground.

- The bones were disinterred and moved to a burial site.

VB: usu passive

2. disinter disinters disinterring disinterred
If you disinter something, you start using it again after it has not been used for a long time. (HUMOROUS)

- ...the trend for disinterring sixties soul classics for TV commercials.

VB

disinterest

[D.J.:disˈintrəst]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɪntərɪst, -ˈɪntrɪst]

n.

无兴趣; 不关心; 冷漠

客观; 公正

disinterest

disinterest
If there is disinterest in something, people are not interested in it.

- The fact Liberia has no oil seems to explain foreign disinterest in its internal affairs.

- We have had to contend with the disinterest of much of the medical profession about this topic.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N in n

disinterest

noun

impartiality

detachment

fairness

neutrality

disinterested

[D.J.:dɪsˈɪntrɪstɪd, -ˈɪntəˌrestɪd]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɪntrɪstɪd, -ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd]

adj.

公正的,无私的,不偏袒的

不感兴趣的,不关心的

disinterestedly

adv.

disinterested

1. disinterested
Someone who is disinterested is not involved in a particular situation or not likely to benefit from it and is therefore able to act in a fair and unselfish way.

- The current sole superpower is far from being a disinterested observer.

- Scientists, of course, can be expected to be impartial and disinterested.

- Such benevolence, however, was not completely disinterested.

ADJ-GRADED
= impartial

2. disinterested
If you are disinterested in something, you are not interested in it. Some users of English believe that it is not correct to use disinterested with this meaning.

- We had both become jaded, disinterested, and disillusioned.

- Lili had clearly regained her appetite but Doran was disinterested in food.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ in n

disinterested

adjective

impartial

detached

dispassionate

even-handed

impersonal

neutral

objective

unbiased

unprejudiced

disjointed

[D.J.:dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd]

[K.K.:dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd]

adj.

脱离开的,不连贯的

disjointed

1. disjointed
Disjointed words, thoughts, or ideas are not presented in a smooth or logical way and are therefore difficult to understand.

- Sally was used to hearing his complaints, usually in the form of disjointed, drunken ramblings.

ADJ-GRADED
= confused

2. disjointed
Disjointed societies, systems, and activities are ones in which the different parts or elements are not as closely connected as they should be or as they used to be.

- ...something which can help to give cohesion and roots to our increasingly fragmented and disjointed society.

ADJ-GRADED
= divided

disjointed

adjective

incoherent

confused

disconnected

disordered

rambling

disk

[D.J.:disk]

[K.K.:dɪsk]

n.

圆盘

唱片; 磁盘, 光盘

disk *

disk disks
In a computer, the disk is the part where information is stored.

- The program takes up 2.5 megabytes of disk space and can be run on a standard personal computer.

N-COUNT: also on/to N The spelling disc is also used, mainly in non-technical contexts.
See also disc , disk drive , floppy disk , hard disk .

disk drive

disk drive disk drives
The disk drive on a computer is the part that contains the disk or into which a disk can be inserted. The disk drive allows you to read information from the disk and store information on the disk.
N-COUNT (BRIT) also disc drive

diskette

[D.J.:disˈket]

[K.K.:dɪˈskɛt]

n.

磁盘,磁碟

diskette

diskette diskettes
A diskette is the same as a floppy disk .
N-COUNT
= floppy disk

dislike

[D.J.:disˈlaik]

[K.K.:dɪsˈlaɪk]

vt.

不喜欢, 厌恶

n.

不喜爱, 厌恶

不喜欢的东西

dislike **

1. dislike dislikes disliking disliked
If you dislike someone or something, you consider them to be unpleasant and do not like them.

- Liver is a great favourite of his and we don't serve it often because so many people dislike it.

- David began to dislike all his television heroes who smoked.

VB

2. dislike
Dislike is the feeling that you do not like someone or something.

- My dislike of thunder and even small earthquakes was due to Mother.

- Years of dislike boiled over and blows were exchanged.

N-UNCOUNT
= loathing

3. dislike dislikes
Your dislikes are the things that you do not like.

- Consider what your likes and dislikes are about your job.

- Strong irrational dislikes of other people can easily be picked up from others.

N-COUNT: usu pl

4. dislike
If you take a dislike to someone or something, you decide that you do not like them.

- I took a violent dislike to him.

- He may suddenly take a dislike to foods that he's previously enjoyed.

PHR: V inflects

dislike

verb

1.

be averse to

despise

detest

disapprove

hate

loathe

not be able to bear or abide or stand

object to

take a dim view of

noun

2.

aversion

animosity

antipathy

disapproval

disinclination

displeasure

distaste

enmity

hostility

repugnance

dislocate

[D.J.:ˈdɪsləʊˌkeɪt, dɪsˈləʊkeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈdɪsloˌket, dɪsˈloket]

vt.

使(骨头)关节脱位

使(交通, 事务等)混乱

dislocate *

1. dislocate dislocates dislocating dislocated
If you dislocate a bone or joint in your body, or someone else's body, it moves out of its proper position in relation to other bones, usually in an accident.

- Harrison dislocated a finger.

- He suffered a dislocated shoulder, cuts and bruises.

VB

2. dislocate dislocates dislocating dislocated
To dislocate something such as a system, process, or way of life means to disturb it greatly or prevent it from continuing as normal.

- It would help to end illiteracy and disease, but it would also dislocate a traditional way of life.

- The strike at the financial nerve centre was designed to dislocate the economy.

- ...America's chronicler of dislocated lives.

VB
= disrupt

dislocation

[D.J.:ˌdɪsləʊˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsloˈkeʃən]

n.

脱位, 脱臼;混乱, 紊乱

dislocation *

dislocation dislocations
Dislocation is a situation in which something such as a system, process, or way of life is greatly disturbed or prevented from continuing as normal.

- Millions of refugees have suffered a total dislocation of their lives.

N-VAR: oft N of n
= disruption

dislodge

[D.J.:dɪsˈlɔdʒ]

[K.K.:dɪsˈlɑdʒ]

vt.

把…赶出, 从…逐出;把…移去

dislodging

撞出,移动

dislodge *

1. dislodge dislodges dislodging dislodged
To dislodge something means to remove it from where it was fixed or held.

- Rainfall from a tropical storm dislodged the debris from the slopes of the volcano.

- In the exertion Tompkins' hat had become dislodged.

VB
= displace

2. dislodge dislodges dislodging dislodged
To dislodge a person from a position or job means to remove them from it.

- He may challenge the Prime Minister even if he decides he cannot dislodge her this time.

VB

dislodge

verb

displace

disturb

extricate

force out

knock loose

oust

remove

uproot

disloyal

[D.J.:dɪsˈlɔɪəl]

[K.K.:dɪsˈlɔɪəl]

adj.

不忠诚的;缺乏忠心的

disloyalty

n.

disloyalty

[D.J.:ˌdisˈlɔiəlti]

[K.K.:dɪsˈlɔɪəlti]

n.

不忠实,不信,不义,背信弃义

disloyal

disloyal
Someone who is disloyal to their friends, family, or country does not support them or does things that could harm them.

- She was so disloyal to her deputy she made his position untenable.

- Brian sided with his sister, which led his mother to accuse him of being disloyal.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
≠ loyal

disloyal

adjective

treacherous

faithless

false

subversive

traitorous

two-faced

unfaithful

untrustworthy

disloyalty

disloyalty
Disloyalty is disloyal behaviour.

- Charges had already been made against certain officials suspected of disloyalty.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n
= faithlessness

disloyalty

noun

treachery

breach of trust

deceitfulness

double-dealing

falseness

inconstancy

infidelity

treason

unfaithfulness

dismal

[D.J.:ˈdizməl]

[K.K.:ˈdɪzməl]

adj.

阴沉的, 凄凉的, 令人忧郁的

dismally

adv.

阴暗地,沉闷地

dismal *

1. dismal
Something that is dismal is bad in a sad or depressing way.

- ...Israel's dismal record in the Olympics...

- My prospects of returning to a suitable job are dismal.

- It was a dismal failure.

ADJ-GRADED
= terrible

2. dismally

- He failed dismally in his opening match.

ADV

3. dismal
Something that is dismal is sad and depressing, especially in appearance.

- The main part of the hospital is pretty dismal but the children's ward is really lively.

- ...a dark dismal day with rain falling steadily...

- You can't occupy yourself with dismal thoughts all the time.

ADJ-GRADED
= dreary

dismal

adjective

gloomy

bleak

cheerless

dark

depressing

discouraging

dreary

forlorn

sombre

wretched

dismantle

[D.J.:disˈmæntl]

[K.K.:dɪsˈmæntl]

vt.

拆开, 拆卸

废除, 取消

dismantling

[disˈmæntliŋ]

n.

(枪支)分解

dismantle **

1. dismantle dismantles dismantling dismantled
If you dismantle a machine or structure, you carefully separate it into its different parts.

- He asked for immediate help from the United States to dismantle the warheads.

VB

2. dismantle dismantles dismantling dismantled
To dismantle an organization or system means to cause it to stop functioning by gradually reducing its power or purpose.

- ...opposition to the president's policy of dismantling apartheid...

- Public services of all kinds are being dismantled.

VB

dismantle

verb

take apart

demolish

disassemble

strip

take to pieces

dismay

[D.J.:disˈmei]

[K.K.:dɪsˈme]

vt.

使惊愕, 使焦虑, 使气馁

n.

惊愕, 气馁

dismayed

[D.J.:dɪsˈmeɪd]

adj.

惊愕的；惊慌的

沮丧的；失望的

dismay **

1. dismay
Dismay is a strong feeling of fear, worry, or sadness that is caused by something unpleasant and unexpected. (FORMAL)

- Local councillors have reacted with dismay and indignation.

- Lucy discovered to her dismay that she was pregnant.

- The ministers expressed dismay at the continued practice of ethnic cleansing.

- Meg looked up at her in dismay.

N-UNCOUNT: oft to N with poss

2. dismay dismays dismaying dismayed
If you are dismayed by something, it makes you feel afraid, worried, or sad. (FORMAL)

- The committee was dismayed by what it had been told.

- McKee suddenly realized she was crying and the thought dismayed him.

VB

3. dismayed

- He was dismayed at the cynicism of the youngsters.

- He was dismayed to find that his hands were shaking.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ at n, ADJ to-inf/that

dismay

verb

1.

alarm

appal

distress

frighten

horrify

paralyse

scare

terrify

unnerve

2.

disappoint

daunt

discourage

dishearten

disillusion

dispirit

put off

noun

3.

alarm

anxiety

apprehension

consternation

dread

fear

horror

trepidation

4.

disappointment

chagrin

discouragement

disillusionment

dismember

[D.J.:dɪsˈmembə]

[K.K.:dɪsˈmɛmbɚ]

vt.

分割…的肢体,肢解

dismember *

1. dismember dismembers dismembering dismembered
To dismember the body of a dead person or animal means to cut or pull it into pieces.

- He then dismembered her, hiding parts of her body in the cellar.

- His dismembered body was found in a rubbish bin.

VB

2. dismember dismembers dismembering dismembered
To dismember a country or organization means to break it up into smaller parts.

- ...Hitler's plans to occupy and dismember Czechoslovakia...

- Many investors must be hoping that he will be dethroned, his publishing empire dismembered.

VB

dismember

verb

cut into pieces

amputate

dissect

mutilate

sever

dismemberment

n.

分割,支解

dismemberment

1. dismemberment
Dismemberment is the cutting or pulling into pieces of a body.

- They found a scene of unbelievable horror involving bodies in various states of decay and dismemberment.

N-UNCOUNT

2. dismemberment
Dismemberment is the breaking up into smaller parts of a country or organization.

- ...the dismemberment of Pakistan and the creation of Bangladesh in 1971.

- ...the case for dismemberment or even abolition of the BBC.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= division

dismiss

[D.J.:disˈmis]

[K.K.:dɪsˈmɪs]

vt.

解雇; 撤职; 开除

使退去; 解散

自心中摒除, 不再考虑或谈论

dismiss ***

1. dismiss dismisses dismissing dismissed
If you dismiss something, you decide or say that it is not important enough for you to think about or consider.

- Mr Wakeham dismissed the reports as speculation.

- I would certainly dismiss any allegations of impropriety by the Labour Party.

- I wouldn't dismiss it out of hand.

VB
= discount

2. dismiss dismisses dismissing dismissed
If you dismiss something from your mind, you stop thinking about it.

- I dismissed him from my mind.

- `It's been a lovely day,' she said, dismissing the episode.

VB
= banish

3. dismiss dismisses dismissing dismissed
When an employer dismisses an employee, the employer tells the employee that they are no longer needed to do the job that they have been doing.

- ...the power to dismiss civil servants who refuse to work...

- The military commander has been dismissed.

VB
= sack fire

4. dismiss dismisses dismissing dismissed
If you are dismissed by someone in authority, they tell you that you can go away from them.

- Two more witnesses were called, heard and dismissed.

- The hired carriage was dismissed.

VB
= sent away

5. dismiss dismisses dismissing dismissed
When a judge dismisses a case against someone, he or she formally states that there is no need for a trial, usually because there is not enough evidence for the case to continue.

- An American judge yesterday dismissed murder charges against Dr Jack Kevorkian.

- ...their attempt to have the case against them dismissed.

VB

dismiss

verb

1.

sack informal

axe informal

cashier

discharge

fire informal

give notice to

give (someone) their marching orders

lay off

remove

2.

let go

disperse

dissolve

free

release

send away

3.

put out of one's mind

banish

discard

dispel

disregard

lay aside

reject

set aside

dismissal

[D.J.:dɪsˈmɪsəl]

[K.K.:dɪsˈmɪsəl]

n.

解雇, 免职, 开除

dismissal **

1. dismissal dismissals
When an employee is dismissed from their job, you can refer to their dismissal .

- ...Mr Low's dismissal from his post at the head of the commission.

N-VAR: oft with poss

2. dismissal
Dismissal of something means deciding or saying that it is not important.

- ...bureaucratic indifference to people's rights and needs, and high-handed dismissal of public opinion.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

dismissal

noun

the sack informal

expulsion

marching orders informal

notice

removal

the boot slang

the push slang

dismissive

[D.J.:dɪsˈmɪsɪv]

[K.K.:dɪsˈmɪsɪv]

adj.

轻视的, 轻蔑的, 鄙视的

dismissive *

1. dismissive
If you are dismissive of someone or something, you say or show that you think they are not important or have no value.

- Mr Jones was dismissive of the report, saying it was riddled with inaccuracies.

- ...the dismissive attitude scientists often take in regard to questions such as telepathy or homeopathic medicine.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of n

2. dismissively

- `Critical acclaim from people who don't know what they're talking about is meaningless,' he claims dismissively.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

dismount

[D.J.:dɪsˈmaʊnt]

[K.K.:dɪsˈmaʊnt]

vi.

下车,下马

dismounting

[disˈmauntiŋ]

n.

拆卸,拆散,拆除

dismount

dismount dismounts dismounting dismounted
If you dismount from a horse or a bicycle, you get down from it. (FORMAL)

- Emma dismounted and took her horse's bridle.

VB

disobedience

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəˈbi:di:əns]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈbidiəns]

n.

不服从,违抗;违反

disobedient

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəˈbi:dɪənt]

adj.

不服从的,不顺从的

违抗的,反抗的

disobedience

n.

disobediently

adv.

disobedience *

disobedience
Disobedience is deliberately not doing what someone tells you to do, or what a rule or law says that you should do.
N-UNCOUNT

disobedience

noun

defiance

indiscipline

insubordination

mutiny

noncompliance

nonobservance

recalcitrance

revolt

unruliness

waywardness

disobedient

disobedient
If you are disobedient , you deliberately do not do what someone in authority tells you to do, or what a rule or law says that you should do.

- Her tone was that of a parent ordering a disobedient child to behave itself.

ADJ-GRADED

disobedient

adjective

defiant

contrary

disorderly

insubordinate

intractable

naughty

refractory

undisciplined

unruly

wayward

disobey

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəˈbeɪ]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈbe]

vt. & vi.

不服从, 不顺从

disobey

disobey disobeys disobeying disobeyed
When someone disobeys a person or an order, they deliberately do not do what they have been told to do.

- ...a naughty boy who often disobeyed his mother and father...

- He urged Russian soldiers to disobey orders if asked to fire on civilian targets.

- They were threatened with punishment for themselves and their families if they disobeyed.

VB
= defy

disobey

verb

refuse to obey

contravene

defy

disregard

flout

ignore

infringe

rebel

violate

disorder

[D.J.:disˈɔ:də]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɔrdɚ]

n.

混乱, 凌乱

骚乱, 动乱

(身心、机能)失调

vt.

把…弄乱

disorder **

1. disorder disorders
A disorder is a problem or illness which affects someone's mind or body.

- ...a rare nerve disorder that can cause paralysis of the arms.

- ...a psychiatrist who specialises in eating disorders...

- He appeared to be suffering from a severe mental disorder and had served a term in prison.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= complaint

2. disorder
Disorder is a state of being untidy, badly prepared, or badly organized.

- The emergency room was in disorder.

- Inside all was disorder: drawers fallen out, shoes and boots scattered.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N
= confusion

3. disorder disorders
Disorder is violence or rioting in public.

- The government issued a decree calling on the authorities to uphold the law and stop public disorder.

- There are other forms of civil disorder -- most notably, football hooliganism.

N-VAR: usu supp N
= unrest

disorder

noun

1.

untidiness

chaos

clutter

confusion

disarray

jumble

mess

muddle

shambles

2.

disturbance

commotion

riot

turmoil

unrest

unruliness

uproar

3.

illness

affliction

ailment

complaint

disease

malady

sickness

disordered

[D.J.:dɪsˈɔ:dəd]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɔrdəd]

adj.

混乱的,杂乱的

错乱的,失调的,生病的

disordered

1. disordered
If you describe something as disordered , you mean it is untidy and is not neatly arranged.

- Moretti ran a hand through his disordered red hair.

- ...a disordered heap of mossy branches.

ADJ-GRADED
= messy

2. disordered
Someone who is mentally disordered or who has a disordered mind is mentally ill.

- ...agencies working with mentally disordered offenders.

- ...events that crystallized into a conspiracy in one disordered mind.

ADJ-GRADED
= disturbed

disorderly

[D.J.:dɪsˈɔ:dəli:]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɔrdəli]

adj.

杂乱的, 凌乱的

妨碍治安的, 制造混乱的;无法无天的

n.

混乱, 杂乱

disorderly

1. disorderly
If you describe something as disorderly , you mean that it is untidy, irregular, or disorganized. (FORMAL)

- There were young men and women working away at tables all over the large and disorderly room.

ADJ-GRADED
= chaotic

2. disorderly
If you describe someone as disorderly , you mean that they are behaving in a noisy, rude, or violent way in public. You can also describe a place or event as disorderly if the people there behave in this way. (FORMAL)

- He pleaded guilty to being disorderly on licensed premises.

- In most of the residence halls we visited, rules prohibit disorderly conduct.

- Football matches are disorderly events.

ADJ-GRADED
= rowdy

3. disorderly
If someone is charged with being drunk and disorderly , they are charged with being drunk and behaving in a noisy, offensive, or violent way in public. (LEGAL)
PHR: v-link PHR

disorderly

adjective

1.

untidy

chaotic

confused

disorganized

higgledy-piggledy informal

jumbled

messy

shambolic informal

2.

unruly

disruptive

indisciplined

lawless

riotous

rowdy

tumultuous

turbulent

ungovernable

disorganization

n.

组织的破坏,瓦解,解体

disorganize

[D.J.:dɪsˈɔ:gəˌnaɪz]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɔrɡəˌnaɪz]

vt.

打乱…的步骤或安排

disorganization

n.

计划混乱

disorganized

adj.

组织混乱的,无系统的,杂乱无章的

disorganized

[D.J.:dɪsˈɔ:gənaɪzd]

adj.

紊乱的, 无组织的

disorganization

disorganization
If something is in a state of disorganization , it is disorganized.
N-UNCOUNT (BRIT) also disorganisation
= disarray

disorganized *

1. disorganized
Something that is disorganized is in a confused state or is badly planned or managed.

- A report by the state prosecutor described the police action as confused and disorganised.

- He has helped to transform the party from a disorganised, demoralised rabble into a force which must again be taken seriously.

ADJ-GRADED (BRIT) also disorganised
≠ organized

2. disorganized
Someone who is disorganized is very bad at organizing things in their life.

- My boss is completely disorganised and leaves the most important items until very late.

ADJ-GRADED (BRIT) also disorganised
≠ organized

disorganized

adjective

muddled

chaotic

confused

disordered

haphazard

jumbled

unsystematic

disorient

[D.J.:dɪsˈɔ:ri:ˌent, -ˈəʊr-]

[K.K.:dɪsˈɔriˌɛnt, -ˈor-]

vt.

使(某人)迷失方向

disorientate

[D.J.:dɪsˈɔ:rɪənteɪt]

vt.

使迷失方向

disorientation

n.

disorientation

[D.J.:disˌɔ:riənˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:dɪsˌɔrriɛnˈteʃən]

n.

方向障碍,迷惑

disoriented

adj.

分不清方向或目标的,无判断力的

disorient *

1. disorient disorients disorienting disoriented
If something disorients you, you lose your sense of direction, or you generally feel lost and uncertain, for example because you are in an unfamiliar environment.

- An overnight stay at a friend's house disorients me.

- They were disorientated by the smoke and were firing blindly into it.

VB (BRIT) also disorientate
= confuse

2. disoriented

- I feel dizzy and disoriented.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

3. disorienting

- An abrupt change of location can be disorienting.

ADJ-GRADED

4. disorientation

- Morris was so stunned by this that he experienced a moment of total disorientation.

- ...side-effects including disorientation, dizziness and poor coordination.

N-UNCOUNT

disown

[D.J.:dɪsˈəʊn]

[K.K.:dɪsˈon]

vt.

否认;否认与…有关系,断绝与…的关系

disown

disown disowns disowning disowned
If you disown someone or something, you say or show that you no longer want to have any connection with them or any responsibility for them.

- The man who murdered the girl is no son of mine. I disown him.

- Those comments were later disowned by an official army spokesman.

VB

disown

verb

deny

cast off

disavow

disclaim

reject

renounce

repudiate

disparage

[D.J.:dɪˈspærɪdʒ]

[K.K.:dɪˈspærɪdʒ]

vt.

轻视,贬低;批评,非难

disparagement

n.

disparagement

[disˈpæridʒmənt]

n.

轻视,轻蔑

disparaging

[D.J.:dɪˈspærɪdʒɪŋ]

[K.K.: dɪˈspærɪdʒɪŋ]

adj.

轻蔑的;毁谤的

disparagingly

adv.

以贬抑的口吻,以轻视的态度

disparage

disparage disparages disparaging disparaged
If you disparage someone or something, you speak about them in a way which shows that you do not have a good opinion of them. (FORMAL)

- ...Larkin's tendency to disparage literature...

- The tax cut is widely disparaged by senators from both parties as a budget gimmick.

VB
= denigrate

disparaging

1. disparaging
If you are disparaging about someone or something, or make disparaging comments about them, you say things which show that you do not have a good opinion of them.

- He was critical of the people, disparaging of their crude manners.

- The Minister was alleged to have made disparaging remarks about the rest of the Cabinet.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about/of n
= derisive

2. disparagingly

- Do not talk disparagingly about your company in public.

- ...what businessmen disparagingly call `cut-throat competition'.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

disparage

verb

run down

belittle

denigrate

deprecate

deride

malign

put down

ridicule

slander

vilify

disparagement

disparagement
Disparagement is the act of speaking about someone or something in a way which shows that you do not have a good opinion of them. (FORMAL)

- Reviewers have been almost unanimous in their disparagement of this book.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= criticism

disparate

[D.J.:ˈdɪspərɪt, dɪˈspærɪt]

[K.K.:ˈdɪspərɪt, dɪˈspærɪt]

adj.

(两种或多种东西)根本不同的, 不能相比较的

disparate *

1. disparate
Disparate things are clearly different from each other in quality or type. (FORMAL)

- Scientists are trying to pull together disparate ideas in astronomy.

- The nine republics are immensely disparate in size, culture and wealth.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= contrasting

2. disparate
A disparate thing is made up of very different elements. (FORMAL)

- ...a very disparate nation, with enormous regional differences.

- ...their disparate coalition of Southern conservatives and liberals.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= diverse

disparity

[D.J.:dɪˈspærɪti:]

[K.K.:dɪˈspærɪti]

n.

不同,不等;不一致;悬殊

disparity *

disparity disparities
If there is a disparity between two or more things, there is a noticeable difference between them. (FORMAL)

- ...the economic disparities between East and West Berlin.

- ...the great disparity of wealth between rich and poor countries.

N-VAR: oft N between/in pl-n
= difference

dispassionate

[D.J.:dɪsˈpæʃənɪt]

[K.K.:dɪsˈpæʃənɪt]

adj.

不动情感的,平心静气的

公正的,不带偏见的

dispassionately

adv.

dispassionately

adv.

不动感情地,冷静地

dispassionate

1. dispassionate
Someone who is dispassionate is calm and reasonable, and not affected by emotions.

- We, as prosecutors, try to be dispassionate about the cases we bring.

- He spoke in the flat, dispassionate tone of a lecturer.

ADJ-GRADED
= detached ≠ involved

2. dispassionately

- He sets out the facts coolly and dispassionately.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

dispassionate

adjective

1.

unemotional

calm

collected

composed

cool

imperturbable

serene

unruffled

2.

objective

detached

disinterested

fair

impartial

impersonal

neutral

unbiased

unprejudiced

dispatch

[D.J.:disˈpætʃ]

[K.K.:dɪˈspætʃ]

vt.

派遣, 调遣, 发送

匆匆吃[做]完

n.

急件, 快信

(记者发回的)新闻报道

派遣, 调遣

dispatching

调度;发送

dispatch **

1. dispatch dispatches dispatching dispatched
If you dispatch someone to a place, you send them there for a particular reason. (FORMAL)

- He had been continually dispatching scouts ahead.

- The Italian government was preparing to dispatch 4,000 soldiers to search the island.

VB (BRIT) also despatch
= send

2. dispatch
Also a noun.

- The despatch of the task force is purely a contingency measure.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n (BRIT) also despatch

3. dispatch dispatches dispatching dispatched
If you dispatch a message, letter, or parcel, you send it to a particular person or destination. (FORMAL)

- The victory inspired him to dispatch a gleeful telegram to Roosevelt.

- Free gifts are dispatched separately so please allow 28 days for delivery.

VB (BRIT) also despatch
= send

4. dispatch
Also a noun.

- We have 125 cases ready for dispatch.

N-UNCOUNT (BRIT) also despatch

5. dispatch dispatches
A dispatch is a special report that is sent to a newspaper or broadcasting organization by a journalist who is in a different town or country.

- ...this despatch from our West Africa correspondent.

N-COUNT (BRIT) also despatch
= bulletin

6. dispatch dispatches
If a soldier is mentioned in dispatches , he or she is considered to have been extremely brave in a battle, and is recommended for a medal.

- I was carrying dispatches from the ambassador.

- He was hailed as a hero, mentioned in dispatches and finally given a medal.

PHR: V inflects (BRIT) also despatch

7. dispatch dispatches dispatching dispatched
To dispatch a person or an animal means to kill them. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- The fox takes his chance with a pack of hounds which may catch him and despatch him immediately.

VB (BRIT) also despatch

8. dispatch dispatches dispatching dispatched
To dispatch a job or task means to finish it quickly and efficiently without wasting time. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Amy sat outside in the sun while Gerald despatched his business.

VB (BRIT) also despatch
= conclude

9. dispatch
If you do something with dispatch , you do it very quickly. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He feels we should act with despatch.

N-UNCOUNT: with N (BRIT) also despatch

dispatch despatch

verb

1.

send

consign

dismiss

hasten

2.

carry out

discharge

dispose of

finish

perform

settle

3.

murder

assassinate

execute

kill

slaughter

slay

noun

4.

message

account

bulletin

communication

communiqu´e

news

report

story

dispel

[D.J.:dɪˈspel]

[K.K.:dɪˈspɛl]

vt.

驱散, 赶跑

dispel *

dispel dispels dispelling dispelled
To dispel an idea or feeling that people have means to stop them having it.

- The President is attempting to dispel the notion that he has neglected the economy.

VB
= banish

dispel

verb

drive away

banish

chase away

dismiss

disperse

eliminate

expel

dispensable

[D.J.:dɪˈspensəbəl]

[K.K.:dɪˈspɛnsəbəl]

adj.

非必需的,可省去的

dispensable

dispensable
If someone or something is dispensable they are not really needed.

- All those people in the middle are dispensable.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
≠ essential

dispensary

[D.J.:dɪˈspensəri:]

[K.K.:dɪˈspɛnsəri]

n.

医务室, 药房

dispensary

dispensary dispensaries
A dispensary is a place, for example in a hospital, where medicines are prepared and given out.
N-COUNT

dispensation

[D.J.:ˌdispenˈsei ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɪspənˈseʃən, -pɛn-]

n.

分配

dispensation

1. dispensation dispensations
A dispensation is special permission to do something that is normally not allowed.

- A special dispensation may by obtained from the domestic union concerned.

- They were promised dispensation from military service.

- The committee was not prepared to use its discretion and grant special dispensation.

N-VAR

2. dispensation
Dispensation of something is the issuing of it, especially from a position of authority. (FORMAL)

- ...our application of consistent standards in the dispensation of justice.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

3. dispensation dispensations
A dispensation is a religious or political system that has authority at a particular time.

- The new dispensation proved a success, certainly with the business community.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

dispense

[D.J.:disˈpens]

[K.K.:dɪˈspɛns]

vt.

分配, 分发; 施与, 试行

配(药), 发(药)

dispenses

v.

分配,分与

dispensing

配方;配药

dispense *

1. dispense dispenses dispensing dispensed
If someone dispenses something that they own or control, they give or provide it to a number of people. (FORMAL)

- The Union had already dispensed £40,000 in grants.

- The local welfare office is where government dispenses many of its services.

- I thought of myself as a patriarch, dispensing words of wisdom to all my children.

VB
= give out

2. dispense dispenses dispensing dispensed
If you obtain a product by getting it out of a machine, you can say that the machine dispenses the product.

- For two weeks, the cash machine spewed out receipts apologising for its inability to dispense money.

- The lotion is dispensed by a handy pump action spray.

VB

3. dispense dispenses dispensing dispensed
When a chemist dispenses medicine, he or she prepares it, and gives or sells it to the patient or customer.

- Some shops gave wrong or inadequate advice when dispensing homeopathic medicines.

- Four out of five prescriptions are dispensed free to people who are exempt.

- The government would like doctors to confine themselves to prescribing rather than dispensing.

VB

dispense

verb

1.

distribute

allocate

allot

apportion

assign

deal out

dole out

share

2.

prepare

measure

mix

supply

3.

administer

apply

carry out

discharge

enforce

execute

implement

operate

dispense with

4.

do away with

abolish

brush aside

cancel

dispose of

get rid of

do without

abstain from

forgo

give up

relinquish

dispense with *

dispense with dispenses with; dispensing with; dispensed with
If you dispense with something, you stop using it or get rid of it completely, especially because you no longer need it.

- Many households have dispensed with their old-fashioned vinyl turntable.

PHR-V

dispenser

[D.J.:dɪˈspensə]

[K.K.:dɪˈspɛnsɚ]

n.

配药师,药剂师

分配器

dispenser *

dispenser dispensers
A dispenser is a machine or container designed so that you can get an item or quantity of something from it in an easy and convenient way.

- ...cash dispensers.

- ...a fridge with a drinks dispenser.

N-COUNT: oft n N

dispersal

[D.J.:disˈpə:səl]

[K.K.:dɪˈspɚsəl]

n.

散布,分散,消散,驱散,疏散

dispersal

1. dispersal
Dispersal is the spreading of things over a wide area.

- Plants have different mechanisms of dispersal for their spores.

N-UNCOUNT
= distribution

2. dispersal
The dispersal of a crowd involves splitting it up and making the people leave in different directions.

- The police ordered the dispersal of the crowds gathered round the building.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

disperse

[D.J.:disˈpə:s]

[K.K.:dɪˈspɚs]

vt. & vi.

(使)散开, 驱散

dispersed

[disˈpə:st]

adj.

被驱散的,被分散的,散布的

disperse **

1. disperse disperses dispersing dispersed
When something disperses or when you disperse it, it spreads over a wide area.

- The oil appeared to be dispersing.

- The intense currents disperse the sewage.

- Because the town sits in a valley, air pollution is not easily dispersed.

V-ERG

2. disperse disperses dispersing dispersed
When a group of people disperses or when someone disperses them, the group splits up and the people leave in different directions.

- Police fired shots and used teargas to disperse the demonstrators.

- The crowd dispersed peacefully after prayers.

V-ERG
= scatter

dispersed *

dispersed
Things that are dispersed are situated in many different places, a long way apart from each other.

- ...his widely dispersed businesses...

- They live high in the Andes, in small and dispersed groups.

ADJ-GRADED
= scattered

disperse

verb

1.

scatter

broadcast

diffuse

disseminate

distribute

spread

strew

2.

break up

disband

dissolve

scatter

separate

dispersion

[D.J.:disˈpə:ʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈspɚʒən, -ʃən]

n.

散布,驱散,传播,散射;离差,差量

dispersion

dispersion
Dispersion is the spreading of people or things over a wide area. (FORMAL)

- The threat complicates military planning, forcing greater dispersion of their forces.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

dispirited

[D.J.:dɪˈspɪrɪtɪd]

[K.K.:dɪˈspɪrɪtɪd]

adj.

沮丧的

dispirited

dispirited
If you are dispirited , you have lost your enthusiasm and excitement.

- I left eventually at six o'clock feeling utterly dispirited and depressed.

ADJ-GRADED
= dejected

dispirited

adjective

disheartened

crestfallen

dejected

depressed

despondent

discouraged

downcast

gloomy

glum

sad

dispiriting

dispiriting
Something that is dispiriting causes you to lose your enthusiasm and excitement.

- It's very dispiriting for anyone to be out of a job.

ADJ-GRADED
= disheartening

displace

[D.J.:disˈpleis]

[K.K.:dɪsˈples]

vt.

替换, 取代

移走

displace **

1. displace displaces displacing displaced
If one thing displaces another, it forces the other thing out of its place, position, or role, and then occupies that place, position, or role itself.

- These factories have displaced tourism as the country's largest source of foreign exchange.

- Coal is to be displaced by natural gas and nuclear power.

VB

2. displace displaces displacing displaced
If a person or group of people is displaced , they are forced to moved away from the area where they live.

- In Europe alone thirty million people were displaced.

- Most of the civilians displaced by the war will be unable to return to their homes.

- ...the task of resettling refugees and displaced persons.

VB: usu passive

displace

verb

1.

move

disturb

misplace

shift

transpose

2.

replace

oust

succeed

supersede

supplant

take the place of

displaced person

displaced person displaced persons
A displaced person is someone who has been forced to leave the place where they live, especially because of a war.
N-COUNT

displacement

[D.J.:dɪsˈpleɪsmənt]

[K.K.:dɪsˈplesmənt]

n.

移置,代替

displacement *

1. displacement
Displacement is the removal of something from its usual place or position by something which then occupies that place or position. (FORMAL)

- No barrier prevents our gradual, purposeful displacement of tradition.

- ...too much resistance to the displacement of your reason by your emotions.

N-UNCOUNT

2. displacement
Displacement is the forcing of people away from the area or country where they live.

- ...the gradual displacement of the American Indian.

N-UNCOUNT

3. displacement
Displacement is the weight or volume of a liquid that is displaced by an object under the surface or floating on it, for example the weight of water displaced by a ship. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

display

[D.J.:disˈplei]

[K.K.:dɪˈsple]

n.

陈列, 展览

陈列的货物、艺术品等

vt.

陈列, 展览

显示, 显露

display ****

1. display displays displaying displayed
If you display something that you want people to see, you put it in a particular place, so that people can see it easily.

- Among the protesters and war veterans proudly displaying their medals was Aubrey Rose.

- The cabinets display seventeenth-century blue-and-white porcelain.

VB
= exhibit

2. display
Also a noun.

- Most of the other artists whose work is on display were his pupils or colleagues.

N-UNCOUNT: oft on N

3. display displays displaying displayed
If you display something, you show it to people.

- She displayed her wound to the twelve gentlemen of the jury.

- The chart can then display the links connecting these groups.

VB
= show

4. display displays displaying displayed
If you display a characteristic, quality, or emotion, you behave in a way which shows that you have it.

- It was unlike Gordon to display his feelings.

- He has displayed remarkable courage and bravery in his efforts to reform the party.

VB
= show

5. display displays
Also a noun.

- Normally, such an outward display of affection is reserved for his mother.

N-VAR: oft N of n
= show

6. display displays displaying displayed
When a computer displays information, it shows it on a screen.

- They started out by looking at the computer screens which display the images.

- Using the option to display only text speeds things up a lot.

VB

7. display displays
A display is an arrangement of things that have been put in a particular place, so that people can see them easily.

- ...a display of your work...

- She was leaning against a display case of prints of Paris.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

8. display displays
A display is a public performance or other event which is intended to entertain people.

- ...the firework display.

- ...gymnastic displays.

- ...the Royal Air Force Red Arrows display team.

N-COUNT: with supp
= show

9. display displays
The display on a computer screen is the information that is shown there. The screen itself can also be referred to as the display .

- A hard copy of the screen display can also be obtained from a printer.

- ...obscure error messages appearing on the display.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= screen

See also liquid crystal display .

display

verb

1.

show

demonstrate

disclose

exhibit

expose

manifest

present

reveal

2.

show off

flash informal

flaunt

flourish

parade

vaunt

noun

3.

exhibition

array

demonstration

presentation

revelation

show

4.

show

flourish

ostentation

pageant

parade

pomp

spectacle

displease

[D.J.:dɪsˈpli:z]

[K.K.:dɪsˈpliz]

vt.

冒犯;使生气,使不愉快

displeased

[D.J.:dɪsˈpli:zd]

[K.K.:dɪsˈplizd]

adj.

不开心的,生气的;被得罪了的

displeasing

[disˈpli:ziŋ]

adj.

不愉快的,令人发火的

displease

displease displeases displeasing displeased
If something or someone displeases you, they make you annoyed or rather angry.

- Not wishing to displease her, he avoided answering the question.

VB

displeased

displeased
If you are displeased with something, you are annoyed or rather angry about it.

- Businessmen are displeased with erratic economic policy-making.

- He was not displeased at the way he had handled the meeting.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with/at n, ADJ to-inf

displease

verb

annoy

anger

irk

irritate

offend

pique

put out

upset

vex

displeasure

[D.J.:dɪsˈpleʒə]

[K.K.:dɪsˈplɛʒɚ]

n.

不快, 不悦, 生气

displeasure *

displeasure
Someone's displeasure is a feeling of annoyance that they have about something that has happened.

- The population has already begun to show its displeasure at the slow pace of change.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N, N with/at n

displeasure

noun

annoyance

anger

disapproval

dissatisfaction

distaste

indignation

irritation

resentment

disport

[D.J.:dɪˈspɔ:t, -ˈspəʊrt]

[K.K.:dɪˈspɔrt, -ˈsport]

vt. & vi.

嬉戏,玩乐,自娱

disport

disport disports disporting disported
If you disport yourself somewhere, you amuse yourself there in a happy and energetic way. (OLD-FASHIONED or HUMOROUS)

- ...the rich and famous disporting themselves in glamorous places.

VB
= divert

disposable

[D.J.:dɪˈspəʊzəbəl]

[K.K.:dɪˈspozəbəl]

adj.

一次使用后即丢掉的, 一次性的

(纳税后的钱)可自由支配的

disposable *

1. disposable
A disposable product is designed to be thrown away after it has been used.

- ...disposable nappies suitable for babies up to 8lb...

- He shaved himself with a disposable razor.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. disposable
Disposable products can be referred to as disposables .

- It's estimated that around 80 per cent of babies wear disposables.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. disposable
Your disposable income is the amount of income you have left after you have paid income tax and social security charges.

- Gerald had little disposable income.

- The nation's disposable earnings in 1987 amounted to £586 billion.

ADJ: ADJ n

disposable

adjective

1.

throwaway

biodegradable

nonreturnable

2.

available

consumable

expendable

disposal

[D.J.:disˈpəuzəl]

[K.K.:dɪˈspozəl]

n.

清除, 处理, 处置

排列, 布置

disposal **

1. disposal
If you have something at your disposal , you are able to use it whenever you want, and for whatever purpose you want. If you say that you are at someone's disposal , you mean that you are willing to help them in any way you can.

- Do you have this information at your disposal?.

- He has said he will use all the weapons at his disposal.

- If I can be of service, I am at your disposal.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR

2. disposal
Disposal is the act of getting rid of something that is no longer wanted or needed.

- ...methods for the permanent disposal of radioactive wastes.

- ...waste disposal sites.

N-UNCOUNT: oft n N, N of n

disposal

noun

1.

throwing away

discarding

dumping informal

ejection

jettisoning

removal

riddance

scrapping

at one's disposal

2.

available

at one's service

consumable

expendable

free for use

dispose of **

1. dispose of disposes of; disposing of; disposed of
If you dispose of something that you no longer want or need, you throw it away.

- Just fold up the nappy and dispose of it in the normal manner.

- ...the safest means of disposing of nuclear waste...

- Engine oil cannot be disposed of down drains.

PHR-V
= discard

2. dispose of disposes of; disposing of; disposed of
If you dispose of a problem, task, or question, you deal with it.

- You did us a great favour by the manner in which you disposed of that problem.

- The justices have been arguing about how the case should be disposed of.

PHR-V
= settle

3. dispose of disposes of; disposing of; disposed of
To dispose of a person or an animal means to kill them. (FORMAL)

- He alleged that they had hired an assassin to dispose of him.

PHR-V

dispose of

verb

1.

get rid of

destroy

discard

dump informal

jettison

scrap

throw out or away

unload

2.

deal with

decide

determine

end

finish with

settle

disposed

[D.J.:disˈpəuzd]

adj.

乐意…的, 愿意…的

有…倾向的

disposed *

1. disposed
If you are disposed to do something, you are willing or eager to do it. (FORMAL)

- We passed one or two dwellings, but were not disposed to stop.

- I might have been disposed to like him in other circumstances.

- He is then more generously disposed to admit the validity of opposing views.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to-inf
= inclined

2. disposed
You can use disposed when you are talking about someone's general attitude or opinion. For example, if you are well or favourably disposed to someone or something, you like them or approve of them. (FORMAL)

- I saw that the publishers were well disposed towards my book.

- Every government is ill-disposed to the press, all or some of the time.

- I think they want kids to be favorably disposed to this company and see them in a more positive light.

ADJ-GRADED: adv ADJ, usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to/towards n

3. disposed
If things are disposed in a particular way, they are arranged in that way. (FORMAL)

- Anyone seeking to paint 18th-century rooms needs to be familiar with the way colour was disposed within a room.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

disposition

[D.J.:ˌdispəˈziʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən]

n.

气质, 天性, 性格

安排, 布置

disposition *

1. disposition dispositions
Someone's disposition is the way that they tend to behave or feel.

- The rides are unsuitable for people of a nervous disposition.

- He was a man of decisive action and an adventurous disposition.

- ...his friendly and cheerful disposition.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= character

2. disposition
A disposition to do something is a willingness to do it. (FORMAL)

- This has given him a disposition to consider our traditions critically.

- They show no disposition to improvise or to take risks.

N-SING: usu N to-inf
= inclination

3. disposition
If you refer to the disposition of a number of objects, you mean the pattern in which they are arranged or their positions in relation to each other. (FORMAL)

- ...to understand the buildings from the disposition of walls and entrances.

N-SING: the N of n

4. disposition dispositions
The disposition of money or property is the act of giving or distributing it to a number of people. (LEGAL)

- ...Judge John Stacks, appointed to oversee the disposition of funds.

N-COUNT: N of n
= distribution

disposition

noun

1.

character

constitution

make-up

nature

spirit

temper

temperament

2.

tendency

bent

bias

habit

inclination

leaning

proclivity

propensity

3.

arrangement

classification

distribution

grouping

ordering

organization

placement

dispossess

[D.J.:ˌdɪspəˈzes]

[K.K.:ˌdɪspəˈzɛs]

vt.

剥夺,使丧失

撵走,逐出

dispossession

n.

dispossessed

[D.J.:ˌdɪspəˈzest]

[K.K.:ˌdɪspəˈzɛst]

adj.

无依无靠的;失去产业的;被逐出的

dispossession

[ˈdispəˈzeʃən]

n.

剥夺

dispossess

1. dispossess dispossesses dispossessing dispossessed
If you are dispossessed of something that you own, especially land or buildings, it is taken away from you.

- ...people who were dispossessed of their land under apartheid...

- They settled the land, dispossessing many of its original inhabitants.

- Droves of dispossessed people emigrated to Canada.

VB

2. dispossess
The dispossessed are people who are dispossessed.

- ...the plight of the poor and the dispossessed.

N-PLURAL: the N

disproportion

[D.J.:ˌdisprəˈpɔ:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃən, -ˈpor-]

n.

不均衡,不成比例

vt.

使不均衡,使不对称

disproportion

disproportion disproportions
A disproportion is a state in which two things are unequal. (FORMAL)

- There does seem a striking disproportion in the legal resources available to the two sides.

N-VAR
= imbalance

disproportion

noun

inequality

asymmetry

discrepancy

disparity

imbalance

lopsidedness

unevenness

disproportionate

[D.J.:ˌdɪsprəˈpɔ:ʃənɪt, -ˈpəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənɪt, -ˈpor-]

adj.

不相称的, 不成比例的, 不均匀的

disproportionate *

1. disproportionate
Something that is disproportionate is surprising or unreasonable in amount or size, compared with something else.

- A disproportionate amount of time was devoted to one topic.

- This sentence is totally disproportionate to the alleged offence.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
= excessive

2. disproportionately

- There is a disproportionately high suicide rate among prisoners facing very long sentences.

ADV: ADV group, ADV with v

disproportionate

adjective

unequal

excessive

inordinate

out of proportion

unbalanced

uneven

unreasonable

disprove

[D.J.:dɪsˈpru:v]

[K.K.:dɪsˈpruv]

vt.

证明(理论等)错误,反驳

disprove *

disprove disproves disproving disproved disproven
To disprove an idea, belief, or theory means to show that it is not true.

- The statistics to prove or disprove his hypothesis will take years to collect.

VB
= refute

disprove

verb

prove false

contradict

discredit

expose

give the lie to

invalidate

negate

rebut

refute

disputation

[D.J.:ˌdispju:ˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɪspjəˈteʃən]

n.

辩论

争论

disputation

disputation disputations
Disputation is discussion on a subject which people cannot agree about. (FORMAL)

- After much legal disputation our right to resign was established.

N-VAR
= debate

dispute

[D.J.:disˈpju:t]

[K.K.:dɪˈspjut]

vt. & vi.

辩论; 争论

vt.

怀疑…的真实性或妥当性

n.

辩论, 争端, 争执

disputed

v.

争议

dispute ****

1. dispute disputes
A dispute is an argument or disagreement between people or groups.

- They have won previous pay disputes with the government.

- Negotiators failed to resolve the bitter dispute between the European Community and the United States over cutting subsides to farmers.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N with/over n, N between pl-n

2. dispute disputes disputing disputed
If you dispute a fact, statement, or theory, you say that it is incorrect or untrue.

- He disputed the allegations.

- Nobody disputed that Davey was clever.

- Some economists disputed whether consumer spending is as strong as the figures suggest.

VB

3. dispute disputes disputing disputed
When people dispute something, they fight for control or ownership of it. You can also say that one group of people dispute something with another group.

- Russia and Ukraine have been disputing the ownership of the fleet.

- Fishermen from Bristol disputed fishing rights with the Danes.

- ...a disputed border region.

V-RECIP

4. dispute
If two or more people or groups are in dispute , they are arguing or disagreeing about something.

- The two countries are in dispute over the boundaries of their coastal waters.

- It is currently in dispute with the government over price fixing.

PHR-RECIP: v-link PHR, oft PHR with n, PHR over n

5. dispute
If something is in dispute , people are questioning it or arguing about it.

- All those matters are in dispute and it is not for me to decide them.

PHR: v-link PHR

dispute

noun

1.

disagreement

altercation

argument

conflict

feud

quarrel

2.

argument

contention

controversy

debate

discussion

dissension

verb

3.

doubt

challenge

contest

contradict

deny

impugn

question

rebut

4.

argue

clash

cross swords

debate

quarrel

squabble

disqualification

[D.J.:disˌkwɔlifiˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:dɪsˌkwɑləfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

剥夺资格,失格,不合格

disqualify

[D.J.:dɪsˈkwɔləˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:dɪsˈkwɑləˌfaɪ]

vt.

使无资格, 使不合格, 使不能

disqualify *

1. disqualify disqualifies disqualifying disqualified
When someone is disqualified , they are officially stopped from taking part in a particular event, activity, or competition, usually because they have done something wrong.

- He was convicted of corruption, and will be disqualified from office for seven years.

- The stewards conferred and eventually decided to disqualify us.

VB
= debar

2. disqualification disqualifications

- Livingston faces a four-year disqualification from athletics.

N-VAR: oft with poss

disqualification

noun

ban

elimination

exclusion

ineligibility

rejection

disqualified

adjective

ineligible

debarred

eliminated

knocked out

out of the running

disqualify

verb

ban

debar

declare ineligible

preclude

prohibit

rule out

disquiet

[D.J.:dɪsˈkwaɪɪt]

[K.K.:dɪsˈkwaɪɪt]

vt.

使不安,使忧虑,使烦恼

n.

忧虑,不安,内心不平静,烦恼

disquieting

adj.

令人不安的,令人不平静的

disquieting

[disˈkwaiətiŋ]

adj.

令人不安的,令人忧虑的

disquiet *

1. disquiet
Disquiet is a feeling of worry or anxiety. (FORMAL)

- There is growing public disquiet about the cost of such policing.

N-UNCOUNT
= uneasiness

2. disquiet disquiets disquieting disquieted
If something disquiets you, it makes you feel anxious. (FORMAL)

- She had been favored with some inside information and this disquieted him.

VB

3. disquieting

- He found her letter disquieting.

ADJ-GRADED

disquiet

noun

1.

uneasiness

alarm

anxiety

concern

disturbance

foreboding

nervousness

trepidation

worry

verb

2.

make uneasy

bother

concern

disturb

perturb

trouble

unsettle

upset

worry

disquisition

[D.J.:ˌdɪskwɪˈzɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɪskwɪˈzɪʃən]

n.

专题论文,专题演讲

disquisition

disquisition disquisitions
A disquisition is a detailed explanation of a particular subject. (FORMAL)

- Amanda launched into an authoritative disquisition about contracts.

N-VAR

disregard

[D.J.:ˌdisriˈɡɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsrɪˈɡɑrd]

vt.

不顾, 不理会, 无视

n.

漠视, 忽视, 蔑视

disregard *

1. disregard disregards disregarding disregarded
If you disregard something, you ignore it or do not take account of it.

- He disregarded the advice of his executives.

- Critics say he allowed the police and security forces to disregard human rights.

VB

2. disregard
Also a noun.

- Whoever planted the bomb showed a total disregard for the safety of the public.

N-UNCOUNT

disregard

verb

1.

ignore

brush aside or away

discount

make light of

neglect

overlook

pass over

pay no heed to

turn a blind eye to

noun

2.

inattention

contempt

disdain

disrespect

indifference

neglect

negligence

oversight

disrepair

[D.J.:ˌdɪsrɪˈpeə]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsrɪˈpɛr]

n.

失修,破损

disrepair

disrepair
If something is in disrepair or is in a state of disrepair , it is broken or in bad condition.

- The house was unoccupied and in a bad state of disrepair.

- Many of the older buildings had fallen into disrepair.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

disrepair

noun

dilapidation

collapse

decay

deterioration

ruination

disreputable

[D.J.:dɪsˈrepjətəbəl]

[K.K.:dɪsˈrɛpjətəbəl]

adj.

名誉不好的;不体面的

disreputably

adv.

disreputable

disreputable
If you say that someone or something is disreputable , you are critical of them because they are not respectable or cannot be trusted.

- He was found to have been enjoying the company of disreputable women.

- ...the noisiest and most disreputable bars.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

disreputable

adjective

discreditable

dishonourable

ignominious

infamous

louche

notorious

scandalous

shady informal

shameful

disrepute

[D.J.:ˌdɪsrɪˈpju:t]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsrɪˈpjut]

n.

丧失名誉, 坏名声

disrepute *

disrepute
If something is brought into disrepute or falls into disrepute , it loses its good reputation, because it is connected with activities that people do not approve of.

- It is a disgrace that such people should bring our profession into disrepute.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

disrepute

noun

discredit

disgrace

dishonour

ignominy

ill repute

infamy

obloquy

shame

unpopularity

disrespect

[D.J.:ˈdisrisˈpekt]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsrɪˈspɛkt]

n.

失礼,无礼

vt.

不尊敬,不尊重

disrespect

1. disrespect
If someone shows disrespect , they speak or behave in a way that shows lack of respect for a person, law, or custom.

- ...young people with attitudes and complete disrespect for authority.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft N for n
≠ respect

2. disrespect
You can say ` no disrespect to someone or something' when you are just about to criticize them, in order to indicate that you are not hostile towards them or admire them for other things.

- No disrespect to John Beck, but the club has been happier since he left.

PHR: usu PHR to n

disrespect

noun

contempt

cheek

impertinence

impoliteness

impudence

insolence

irreverence

lack of respect

rudeness

sauce

disrespectful

[D.J.:ˌdisrisˈpektful]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsrɪˈspɛktfəl]

adj.

失礼的,无礼的

disrespectful

1. disrespectful
If you are disrespectful , you show no respect in the way that you speak or behave to someone.

- ...accusations that he had been disrespectful to the Queen...

- They shouldn't treat their mother in this disrespectful way.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to/of n

2. disrespectfully

- They get angry if they think they are being treated disrespectfully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

disrespectful

adjective

contemptuous

cheeky

discourteous

impertinent

impolite

impudent

insolent

insulting

irreverent

rude

disrobe

[D.J.:ˈdisˈrəub]

[K.K.:dɪsˈrob]

v.

使脱光,脱去衣服;脱衣服,光着身

disrobe

disrobe disrobes disrobing disrobed
When someone disrobes , they remove their clothes. (FORMAL)

- She stood up and began to disrobe, folding each garment neatly.

VB
= undress

disrupt

[D.J.:disˈrʌpt]

[K.K.:dɪsˈrʌpt]

vt.

使混乱, 扰乱

disrupt **

disrupt disrupts disrupting disrupted
If someone or something disrupts an event, system, or process, they cause difficulties that prevent it from continuing or operating in a normal way.

- Anti-war protesters disrupted the debate.

- The drought has severely disrupted agricultural production.

VB
= disturb

disrupt

verb

1.

disturb

confuse

disorder

disorganize

spoil

upset

2.

interrupt

break up or into

interfere with

intrude

obstruct

unsettle

upset

disruption

[disˈrʌpʃən]

n.

中断,分裂,瓦解,破坏

disruption *

disruption disruptions
When there is disruption of an event, system, or process, it is prevented from continuing or operating in a normal way.

- The strike is expected to cause delays and disruption to flights from Britain.

- The rail strike is causing major disruptions at the country's ports.

N-VAR

disruption

noun

disturbance

interference

interruption

stoppage

disruptive

[D.J.:dɪsˈrʌptɪv]

[K.K.:dɪsˈrʌptɪv]

adj.

分裂性的,破裂的

扰乱的；破坏的；中断的

disruptive *

disruptive
To be disruptive means to prevent something from continuing or operating in a normal way.

- Alcohol can produce violent, disruptive behavior.

- The process of implementing these changes can be very disruptive to a small company.

ADJ-GRADED

disruptive

adjective

disturbing

disorderly

distracting

troublesome

unruly

unsettling

upsetting

diss

[dis]

n.

迪丝草纤维

diss

diss disses dissing dissed
If someone disses you, they criticize you unfairly or speak to you in a way that does not show respect. (INFORMAL)

- He believes that his records speak for themselves and ignores those who diss him.

VB: V n

dissatisfaction

[D.J.:dɪsˌsætɪsˈfækʃən]

[K.K.:dɪsˌsætɪsˈfækʃən]

n.

不满, 不平

dissatisfy

[D.J.:dɪsˈsætɪsˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:dɪsˈsætɪsˌfaɪ]

vt.

使不满意,使失望；使不满足

dissatisfaction

n.

dissatisfaction *

dissatisfaction dissatisfactions
If you feel dissatisfaction with something, you are not contented or pleased with it.

- She has already expressed her dissatisfaction with this aspect of the policy.

- Low pay is the main cause of job dissatisfaction among teachers.

N-VAR: oft N with n
≠ satisfaction

dissatisfaction

noun

discontent

annoyance

chagrin

disappointment

displeasure

frustration

irritation

resentment

unhappiness

dissatisfied

[D.J.:dɪsˈsætɪsˌfaɪd]

[K.K.:dɪsˈsætɪsˌfaɪd]

adj.

感到不满的, 不满意的, 不高兴的

dissatisfied *

dissatisfied
If you are dissatisfied with something, you are not contented or pleased with it.

- 82% of voters are dissatisfied with the way their country is being governed.

- Dissatisfied customers can return the product for a full refund.

- He felt restless and dissatisfied as he drove home.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n
= discontented

dissatisfied

adjective

discontented

disappointed

disgruntled

displeased

fed up

frustrated

unhappy

unsatisfied

dissect

[D.J.:dɪˈsekt, daɪ-, ˈdaɪˌsekt]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɛkt, daɪ-, ˈdaɪˌsɛkt]

vt.

解剖(动物等)

仔细分析或研究

dissected

[D.J.:diˈsektid]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɛktɪd, daɪ-]

adj.

切开的,分割的,(叶子)多裂的

dissecting

套色拼隔版

dissection

[D.J.:diˈsekʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɛkʃən, daɪ-]

n.

解剖,切开；剥离

dissect *

1. dissect dissects dissecting dissected
If someone dissects the body of a dead person or animal, they carefully cut it up in order to examine it scientifically.

- We dissected a frog in biology class.

VB

2. dissection dissections

- Researchers need a growing supply of corpses for dissection.

N-VAR

3. dissect dissects dissecting dissected
If someone dissects something such as a theory, a situation, or a piece of writing, they consider and talk about each detail of it.

- People want to dissect his work and question his motives.

VB
= scrutinize

4. dissection dissections

- ...her calm, condescending dissection of my proposals.

N-VAR: usu N of n

dissect

verb

1.

cut up or apart

anatomize

dismember

lay open

2.

analyse

break down

explore

inspect

investigate

research

scrutinize

study

dissemble

[D.J.:dɪˈsembəl]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɛmbəl]

vt.

假装；掩饰(感情、意图等)

dissemble

dissemble dissembles dissembling dissembled
When people dissemble , they hide their real intentions or emotions. (LITERARY)

- Henry was not slow to dissemble when it served his purposes.

VB

disseminate

[D.J.:diˈsemineit]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɛməˌnet]

vt.

散布, 传播

disseminated

[D.J.:dɪˈseməˌneɪtɪd]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɛməˌnetɪd]

弥散性

dissemination

[D.J.:dɪˌsemɪˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˌs ɛməˈneʃən]

n.

散播;宣传

disseminate *

1. disseminate disseminates disseminating disseminated
To disseminate information or knowledge means to distribute it so that it reaches many people or organizations. (FORMAL)

- It took years to disseminate information about Aids in Africa.

- They disseminated anti-French propaganda.

VB
= circulate

2. dissemination

- He actively promoted the dissemination of scientific ideas about matters such as morality.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

disseminate

verb

spread

broadcast

circulate

disperse

distribute

publicize

scatter

dissension

[D.J.:dɪˈsenʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɛnʃən]

n.

不和,纠纷,争吵

dissension

dissension
Dissension is disagreement and argument. (FORMAL)

- The tax cut issue has caused dissension among administration officials.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
= discord

dissension

noun

disagreement

conflict

discord

dispute

dissent

friction

quarrel

row

strife

dissent

[D.J.:diˈsent]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɛnt]

n.

意见的分歧

vi.

不同意, 持异议

dissenting

[diˈsentiŋ]

adj.

不同意的

dissent **

1. dissent
Dissent is strong disagreement or dissatisfaction with a decision or opinion, especially one that is supported by most people or by people in authority.

- He is the toughest military ruler yet and has responded harshly to any dissent.

- Political dissent would no longer be tolerated.

- I made a gesture of dissent.

N-UNCOUNT
= opposition

2. dissent dissents dissenting dissented
If you dissent , you express disagreement with a decision or opinion, especially one that is supported by most people or by people in authority. (FORMAL)

- Just one of the 10 members dissented.

- No one dissents from the decision to unify.

- There are likely to be many dissenting voices.

VB

dissent

verb

1.

disagree

differ

object

protest

refuse

withhold assent or approval

noun

2.

disagreement

discord

dissension

objection

opposition

refusal

resistance

dissenter

[D.J.:dɪˈsentə]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɛntɚ]

n.

持异议者;持不同意见者

dissenter

dissenter dissenters
Dissenters are people who say that they do not agree with something that other people agree with or that is official policy.

- The Party does not tolerate dissenters in its ranks.

N-COUNT

dissenter

noun

objector

dissident

nonconformist

dissertation

[D.J.:ˌdisəˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsɚˈteʃən]

n.

专题论文, 学位论文

dissertation *

dissertation dissertations
A dissertation is a long formal piece of writing on a particular subject, especially for a university degree.

- He is currently writing a dissertation on the Somali civil war.

N-COUNT: oft N on n

dissertation

noun

thesis

critique

discourse

disquisition

essay

exposition

treatise

disservice

[D.J.:ˈdisˈsə:vis]

[K.K.:dɪsˈsɚvɪs]

n.

伤害,虐待,不亲切的行为

disservice

disservice
If you do someone or something a disservice , you harm them in some way. (FORMAL)

- He said the protesters were doing a disservice to the nation.

- You could do yourself a grave disservice by revealing all to a potential rival.

N-SING: oft N to n

disservice

noun

bad turn

harm

injury

injustice

unkindness

wrong

dissident

[D.J.:ˈdɪsɪdənt]

[K.K.:ˈdɪsɪdənt]

n.

持异议者, 公开大唱反调者;持不同政见者

dissident **

1. dissident dissidents
Dissidents are people who disagree with and criticize their government, especially because it is undemocratic.

- ...political dissidents.

- ...former Soviet dissident Natan Schransky.

N-COUNT

2. dissident
Dissident people disagree with or criticize their government or a powerful organization they belong to.

- ...a dissident Russian novelist...

- She was suspected of having links with a dissident group.

- ...dissident shareholders.

ADJ: ADJ n

dissident

adjective

1.

dissenting

disagreeing

discordant

heterodox

nonconformist

noun

2.

protester

agitator

dissenter

rebel

dissimilar

[D.J.:dɪˈsɪmələ]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɪməlɚ]

adj.

不同的, 不相似的

dissimilarity

[D.J.:ˌdisimiˈlæriti]

[K.K.:dɪˌsɪməˈlærɪti]

n.

不同,相异点,相异

dissimilar

1. dissimilar
If one thing is dissimilar to another, or if two things are dissimilar , they are very different from each other.

- His methods were not dissimilar to those used by Freud.

- It would be difficult to find two men who were more dissimilar.

- The identical treatment of such dissimilar items is totally illogical.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
= unlike

2. dissimilarity dissimilarities

- One of his main themes is the dissimilarity between parents and children.

N-VAR: oft N between pl-n

dissimilar

adjective

different

disparate

divergent

diverse

heterogeneous

unlike

unrelated

various

dissimulate

[D.J.:dɪˈsɪmjəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:dɪˈsɪmjəˌlet]

vt. & vi.

掩饰(感情),假装(镇静)

dissimulation

n.

dissimulation

[diˌsimjuˈleiʃən]

n.

掩饰,虚伪,装糊涂

dissimulate

dissimulate dissimulates dissimulating dissimulated
When people dissimulate , they hide their true feelings, intentions, or nature. (FORMAL)

- This man was too injured to dissimulate well.

- They were decked out in tracksuits, seemingly to dissimulate their true function.

VB
= dissemble

dissipate

[D.J.:ˈdisipeit]

[K.K.:ˈdɪsəˌpet]

vt. & vi.

驱散; 消失

vt.

浪费

dissipated

[D.J.:ˈdɪsəˌpeɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈdɪsəˌpetɪd]

adj.

驱散了的；分散的

浪费掉的

沉迷于酒色的;闲游浪荡的

dissipation

[D.J.:ˌdisiˈpeiʃn]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈpeʃən]

n.

放荡; 无益的消遣

(物质、感觉或精力逐渐的)消失, 消散, 有心

浪费

dissipate *

1. dissipate dissipates dissipating dissipated
When something dissipates or when you dissipate it, it becomes less or becomes less strong until it disappears or goes away completely. (FORMAL)

- The tension in the room had dissipated.

- He wound down the windows to dissipate the heat.

V-ERG
= dispel

2. dissipation

- ...heat dissipation.

N-UNCOUNT

3. dissipate dissipates dissipating dissipated
When someone dissipates money, time, or effort, they waste it in a foolish way. (FORMAL)

- He needs someone who can keep him from dissipating his time and energy on too many different things.

- Her father had dissipated her inheritance.

VB

4. dissipation

- ...the dissipation of my wealth.

N-UNCOUNT

dissipated

dissipated
If you describe someone as dissipated , you disapprove of them because they spend a lot of time drinking alcohol and enjoying other physical pleasures, and are probably unhealthy because of this.

- Flynn was a charming fellow, still handsome though dissipated, and always eager to have a good time.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= dissolute

dissipation

dissipation
If someone leads a dissipated life, you can also say that they lead a life of dissipation . (LITERARY)

- Her face was a revelation of age and dissipation.

N-UNCOUNT
= debauchery

dissipate

verb

1.

squander

consume

deplete

expend

fritter away

run through

spend

waste

2.

disperse

disappear

dispel

dissolve

drive away

evaporate

scatter

vanish

dissipation

noun

1.

dispersal

disappearance

disintegration

dissolution

scattering

vanishing

2.

debauchery

dissoluteness

excess

extravagance

indulgence

intemperance

prodigality

profligacy

wantonness

waste

dissociate

[D.J.:dɪˈsəʊʃi:ˌeɪt, -si:-]

[K.K.:dɪˈsoʃiˌet, -si-]

vt.

使分离

vi.

分离

dissociated

adj.

解离的

dissociation

[D.J.:diˌsəuʃiˈeiʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˌsosiˈeʃən, -ʃi-]

n.

分离; 离解; 脱离关系

解体; 分裂

dissociate

1. dissociate dissociates dissociating dissociated
If you dissociate yourself from something or someone, you say or show that you are not connected with them, usually in order to avoid trouble or blame.

- It seems harder and harder for the president to dissociate himself from the scandals that surround Mr Galdos.

VB
= disassociate

2. dissociate dissociates dissociating dissociated
If you dissociate one thing from another, you consider the two things as separate from each other, or you separate them. (FORMAL)

- Almost the first lesson they learn is how to dissociate emotion from reason.

VB
= divorce

3. dissociation

- There is a war between the sexes but this should not result in their complete dissociation from one another.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N from n

dissociate

verb

1.

break away

break off

part company

quit

2.

separate

detach

disconnect

distance

divorce

isolate

segregate

set apart

dissolute

[D.J.:ˈdɪsəˌlu:t]

[K.K.:ˈdɪsəˌlut]

adj.

放荡的,淫乱的

dissolute

dissolute
Someone who is dissolute does not care at all about morals and lives in a way that is considered to be wicked and immoral.
ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= degenerate

dissolute

adjective

immoral

debauched

degenerate

depraved

dissipated

profligate

rakish

wanton

wild

dissolution

[D.J.:ˌdɪsəˈlu:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɪsəˈluʃən]

n.

(社团等)解散;(婚约等的)解除

分散;溶解

衰败;死亡,消亡

<律> 离婚

dissolution *

1. dissolution
Dissolution is the act of breaking up officially an organization or institution, or of formally ending a parliament.

- He stayed on until the dissolution of the firm in 1948.

- Politicians say it could lead to a dissolution of parliament.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft N of n

2. dissolution
Dissolution is the act of officially ending a formal agreement, for example a marriage or a business arrangement.

- ...the statutory requirement for granting dissolution of a marriage.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft N of n
= termination

3. dissolution
Dissolution is a process in which something becomes weaker and then disappears. (FORMAL)

- ...the dissolution of traditional family life.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft N of n

dissolution

noun

1.

breaking up

disintegration

division

parting

separation

2.

adjournment

discontinuation

end

finish

suspension

termination

dissolve

[D.J.:diˈzɔlv]

[K.K.:dɪˈzɑlv]

vt. & vi.

(使)溶解

结束

dissolved

溶化的

dissolving

[diˈzɔlviŋ]

adj.

毁灭性的,消溶的

dissolve **

1. dissolve dissolves dissolving dissolved
If a substance dissolves in liquid or if you dissolve it, it becomes mixed with the liquid and disappears.

- Heat gently until the sugar dissolves.

- Dissolve the salt in a little boiled water.

V-ERG

2. dissolve dissolves dissolving dissolved
When an organization or institution is dissolved , it is officially ended or broken up.

- The committee has been dissolved.

- The King agreed to dissolve the present commission.

VB

3. dissolve dissolves dissolving dissolved
When a parliament is dissolved , it is formally ended, so that elections for a new parliament can be held.

- The present assembly will be dissolved on April 30th.

- Kaifu threatened to dissolve the Parliament and call an election.

VB

4. dissolve dissolves dissolving dissolved
When a marriage or business arrangement is dissolved , it is officially ended.

- The marriage was dissolved in 1976.

VB: usu passive

5. dissolve dissolves dissolving dissolved
If something such as a problem or feeling dissolves or is dissolved , it becomes weaker and disappears.

- His new-found optimism dissolved.

- Lenny still could not dissolve the nagging lump of tension in his chest.

V-ERG
= dissipate

dissolve

verb

1.

melt

deliquesce

fuse

liquefy

soften

thaw

2.

end

break up

discontinue

suspend

terminate

wind up

dissolve into **

dissolve into dissolves into; dissolving into; dissolved into
If you dissolve into or dissolve in tears or laughter, you begin to cry or laugh, because you cannot control yourself.

- She dissolved into tears at the mention of Munya's name.

PHR-V

dissonance

[D.J.:ˈdɪsənəns]

[K.K.:ˈdɪsənəns]

n.

不和谐音;不一致

dissonant

[D.J.:ˈdɪsənənt]

[K.K.:ˈdɪsənənt]

adj.

不和谐的,刺耳的

不调和的,自相矛盾的

dissonance

n.

dissonance

dissonance
Dissonance is a lack of agreement or harmony between things. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= discord

dissuade

[D.J.:dɪˈsweɪd]

[K.K.:dɪˈswed]

vt.

劝(某人)勿做某事;劝阻

dissuade *

dissuade dissuades dissuading dissuaded
If you dissuade someone from doing or believing something, you persuade them not to do or believe it. (FORMAL)

- Doctors had tried to dissuade patients from smoking.

- She steadfastly maintained that her grandsons were innocent, and nothing could dissuade her from that belief.

- He considered emigrating, but his family managed to dissuade him.

VB

dissuade

verb

deter

advise against

discourage

put off

remonstrate

talk out of

warn

distance

[D.J.:ˈdistəns]

[K.K.:ˈdɪstəns]

n.

距离, 间距

远处, 远方

(时间或空间的)相距

疏远, 冷淡

distance ****

1. distance distances
The distance between two points or places is the amount of space between them.

- ...the distance between the island and the nearby shore...

- Everything is within walking distance.

- Geographical distance is also a factor.

N-VAR: with supp, oft N between pl-n

2. distance
When two things are very far apart, you talk about the distance between them.

- The distance wouldn't be a problem.

N-UNCOUNT

3. distance
Distance learning or distance education involves studying at home and sending your work to a college or university, rather than attending the college or university in person.

- I'm doing a theology degree by distance learning.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. distance
When you want to emphasize that two people or things do not have a close relationship or are not the same, you can refer to the distance between them.

- ...the emotional distance between them...

- There was a vast distance between psychological clues and concrete proof.

- Wilson's intention is to rebuild his career and put distance between himself and his reputation.

N-UNCOUNT; usu N between pl-n emphasis
≠ closeness

5. distance
If you can see something in the distance , you can see it, far away from you.

- We suddenly saw her in the distance.

- Mr. Dambar found himself gazing into the distance for a moment or two.

N-SING: in/into the N

6. distance
Distance is coolness or unfriendliness in the way that someone behaves towards you. (FORMAL)

- There were periods of sulking, of pronounced distance, of coldness.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
= aloofness ≠ warmth

7. distance distances distancing distanced
If you distance yourself from a person or thing, or if something distances you from them, you feel less friendly or positive towards them, or become less involved with them.

- The author distanced himself from some of the comments in his book.

- Television may actually be distancing the public from the war.

VB

8. distanced

- Clough felt he'd become too distanced from his fans.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ from n

9. distance
If you are at a distance from something, or if you see it or remember it from a distance , you are a long way away from it in space or time.

- The only way I can cope with my mother is at a distance.

- ...now that I can look back on the whole tragedy from a distance of nearly forty years.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

10. distance
If you go the distance in a race or sports competition, you continue running or playing until the end of the race or match. (INFORMAL)

- More riders than ever are now determined to go the distance.

PHR: V inflects

11. distance
If you keep your distance from someone or something or keep them at a distance , you do not become involved with them.

- Jay had always tended to keep his girlfriends at a distance.

PHR: V inflects

12. distance
If you keep your distance from someone or something, you do not get physically close to them. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He walked towards the doorway, careful to keep his distance.

PHR: V inflects

distance

noun

1.

space

extent

gap

interval

length

range

span

stretch

2.

reserve

aloofness

coldness

coolness

remoteness

restraint

stiffness

in the distance

3.

far off

afar

far away

on the horizon

yonder

verb

distance oneself

4.

separate oneself

be distanced from

dissociate oneself

distant

[D.J.:ˈdistənt]

[K.K.:ˈdɪstənt]

adj.

(时间或空间)远隔的, 遥远的

远亲的

不太友好, 不太热情

distantly

[D.J.:ˈdɪstəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdɪstəntlɪ]

adv.

远离地;遥远地

关系较远地;略微(相似)地

冷淡地;疏远地

恍惚地;隐约地

distant **

1. distant
Distant means very far away.

- The mountains rolled away to a distant horizon.

- ...the war in that distant land.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= faraway ≠ nearby

2. distant
You use distant to describe a time or event that is very far away in the future or in the past.

- There is little doubt, however, that things will improve in the not too distant future.

- Last summer's drought is a distant memory.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= faraway ≠ near

3. distant
A distant relative is one who you are not closely related to.

- He's a distant relative of the mayor.

- They were distant cousins.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ close

4. distantly

- His father's distantly related to the Royal family.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV -ed

5. distant
If you describe someone as distant , you mean that you find them cold and unfriendly.

- He found her cold, ice-like and distant.

- He is direct and courteous but distant.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= aloof ≠ approachable

6. distant
If you describe someone as distant , you mean that they are not concentrating on what they are doing because they are thinking about other things.

- There was a distant look in her eyes from time to time, her thoughts elsewhere.

ADJ-GRADED
= detached

distantly

1. distantly
Distantly means very far away. (LITERARY)

- They were too distantly seated for any conversation.

- Distantly, to her right, she could make out the town of Chiffa.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed, ADV with cl
= faraway ≠ nearby

2. distantly
If you are distantly aware of something or if you distantly remember it, you are aware of it or remember it, but not very strongly.

- She became distantly aware that the light had grown strangely brighter and was flickering gently.

- They distantly remember that the islands were the only part of Britain occupied during the war.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v
= vaguely ≠ distinctly

3. distantly
If you do or say something distantly , you do it without showing much emotion or involvement, for example because you are thinking about something else or because you do not care.

- `Do you like this colour, Victor?' she asked. `It is fine,' said Vincent distantly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

distant

adjective

1.

far-off

abroad

far

faraway

far-flung

outlying

out-of-the-way

remote

2.

apart

dispersed

distinct

scattered

separate

3.

reserved

aloof

cool

reticent

standoffish

unapproachable

unfriendly

withdrawn

distaste

[D.J.:dɪsˈteɪst]

[K.K.:dɪsˈtest]

n.

(对不好事物不太强烈的)厌恶, 不喜欢

distaste *

distaste
If you feel distaste for someone or something, you dislike them and consider them to be unpleasant, disgusting, or immoral.

- Roger looked at her with distaste.

- He professed a violent distaste for everything related to commerce, production, and money.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n
= aversion

distaste

noun

dislike

aversion

disgust

horror

loathing

odium

repugnance

revulsion

distasteful

[D.J.:dɪsˈteɪstfəl]

[K.K.:dɪsˈtestfəl]

adj.

使人不愉快的;讨厌的

不合口味的;味道差的

distasteful *

distasteful
If something is distasteful to you, you think it is unpleasant, disgusting, or immoral.

- He found it distasteful to be offered a cold buffet and drinks before witnessing the execution.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
= repugnant

distasteful

adjective

unpleasant

disagreeable

objectionable

offensive

repugnant

repulsive

uninviting

unpalatable

unsavoury

distemper

[D.J.:disˈtempə]

[K.K.:dɪsˈtɛmpɚ]

n.

大瘟热,不高兴,病异状

vt.

用胶画颜料画,使发狂

distemper

1. distemper
Distemper is a dangerous and infectious disease that can be caught by animals, especially dogs.
N-UNCOUNT

2. distemper
Distemper is a kind of paint sometimes used for painting walls.
N-UNCOUNT

distend

[D.J.:dɪˈstend]

[K.K.:dɪˈstɛnd]

vt. & vi.

(使)膨胀,肿胀

distension

n.

distension

[D.J.:dɪˈstenʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈst ɛnʃən]

n.

扩张；膨胀(distention)

distend

1. distend distends distending distended
If a part of your body is distended , or if it distends , it becomes swollen and unnaturally large. (FORMAL or MEDICAL)

- Through this incision, the abdominal cavity is distended with carbon dioxide gas.

- The colon, or large intestine, distends and fills with gas.

V-ERG
= bloat

2. distended

- ...an infant with a distended belly.

ADJ-GRADED

distension

distension
Distension is abnormal swelling in a person's or animal's body. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT The spelling distention is also used, mainly in American English.

distil

[D.J.:disˈtil]

[K.K.:dɪˈstɪl]

vt.

蒸馏

从…提取精华

distillation

[D.J.:ˌdɪstəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɪstəˈleʃən]

n.

(各种释义的)蒸馏(过程)

蒸馏物

distilled

[disˈtild]

adj.

由蒸馏得来的

distilling

[disˈtiliŋ]

n.

蒸馏(作用)

distil *

1. distil distils distilling distilled
If a liquid such as whisky or water is distilled , it is heated until it changes into steam or vapour and then cooled until it becomes liquid again. This is usually done in order to make it pure.

- The whisky had been distilled in 1926 and sat quietly maturing until 1987.

- You can't actually drink the water from the marshland. But you can distil it.

- When water is used this must be distilled water or spring water; never tap water.

VB (AM) distill

2. distillation

- Any faults in the original cider stood out sharply after distillation.

N-UNCOUNT

3. distil distils distilling distilled
If an oil or liquid is distilled from a plant, it is produced by a process which extracts the most essential part of the plant. To distil a plant means to produce an oil or liquid from it by this process.

- The oil is distilled from the berries of this small tree.

- ...the art of distilling rose petals...

- A skin lotion distilled from the root is a marvellous cure for sore rashes and spots.

VB (AM) distill

4. distillation

- The distillation of rose petals to produce rosewater almost certainly originated in Ancient Persia.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

5. distil distils distilling distilled
If a thought or idea is distilled from previous thoughts, ideas, or experiences, it comes from them. If it is distilled into something, it becomes part of that thing.

- Reviews are distilled from articles previously published in the main column.

- Eventually passion was distilled into the natural beauty of a balmy night.

- Roy distills these messages into something powerful.

- The advice is based on the distilled wisdom of a panel of heart specialists.

VB (AM) distill

6. distillation

- The material below is a distillation of his work.

N-SING: usu N of n

distil

verb

extract

condense

purify

refine

distiller

[D.J.:disˈtilə]

[K.K.:dɪˈstɪlɚ]

n.

蒸馏酒者,蒸馏器

distiller

distiller distillers
A distiller is a person or a company that makes whisky or a similar strong alcoholic drink by a process of distilling.
N-COUNT

distillery

[D.J.:disˈtiləri]

[K.K.:dɪˈstɪləri]

n.

蒸馏间,酿酒厂

distillery *

distillery distilleries
A distillery is a place where whisky or a similar strong alcoholic drink is made by a process of distilling.
N-COUNT

distinct

[D.J.:disˈtiŋkt]

[K.K.:dɪˈstɪŋkt]

adj.

截然不同的, 完全分开的

清晰的, 明白的, 明显的

distinctly

[D.J.:dɪˈstɪ ŋktlɪ]

[K.K.:dɪˈstɪ ŋktlɪ]

adv.

清楚地,清晰地

无疑地,确实地

distinct **

1. distinct
If something is distinct from something else of the same type, it is different or separate from it.

- Engineering and technology are disciplines distinct from one another and from science.

- This book is divided into two distinct parts.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ from n

2. distinctly

- ...a banking industry with two distinctly different sectors.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj

3. distinct
If something is distinct , you can hear, see, or taste it clearly.

- ...to impart a distinct flavor with a minimum of cooking fat.

ADJ-GRADED

4. distinctly

- I distinctly heard the loudspeaker calling passengers for the Turin-Amsterdam flight.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. distinct
If an idea, thought, or intention is distinct , it is clear and definite.

- Now that Tony was no longer present, there was a distinct change in her attitude.

- I have distinct memories of him in his last years.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

6. distinctly

- I distinctly remember wishing I had not got involved.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

7. distinct
You can use distinct to emphasize that something is great enough in amount or degree to be noticeable or important.

- Being 6ft 3in tall has some distinct disadvantages!.

- Another Cup marathon between the two sides is now a distinct possibility.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n emphasis
= definite

8. distinctly

- His government is looking distinctly shaky.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed

9. distinct
If you say that you are talking about one thing as distinct from another, you are indicating exactly which thing you mean.

- There's a lot of evidence that oily fish, as distinct from fatty meat, has a beneficial effect.

PHR-PREP

distinct

adjective

1.

different

detached

discrete

individual

separate

unconnected

2.

definite

clear

decided

evident

marked

noticeable

obvious

palpable

unmistakable

well-defined

distinctly

adverb

definitely

clearly

decidedly

markedly

noticeably

obviously

patently

plainly

unmistakably

distinction

[D.J.:disˈtiŋkʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈstɪŋkʃən]

n.

区别, 明显差别, 特征

卓越, 优秀, 盛名

荣誉, 殊荣, 奖赏

distinction **

1. distinction distinctions
If you draw a distinction or make a distinction , you say that two things are different.

- There are obvious distinctions between the two wine-making areas.

- The distinction between craft and fine art is more controversial.

- I did not yet make a distinction between the pleasures of reading and of writing fiction.

- He draws a distinction between art and culture.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR between pl-n

2. distinction
Distinction is the quality of being very good or better than other things of the same type. (FORMAL)

- Lewis emerges as a composer of distinction and sensitivity.

- ...pieces of furniture of distinction.

N-UNCOUNT

3. distinction distinctions
A distinction is a special award or honour that is given to someone because of their very high level of achievement.

- The order was created in 1902 as a special distinction for eminent men and women.

- I did an M.A. at Liverpool University in Latin American Studies and got a distinction.

N-COUNT
= honour

4. distinction
If you say that someone or something has the distinction of being something, you are drawing attention to the fact that they have the special quality of being that thing. Distinction is normally used to refer to good qualities, but can sometimes also be used to refer to bad qualities.

- He has the distinction of being regarded as the Federal Republic's greatest living writer.

N-SING: oft the N of n/-ing

distinction

noun

1.

differentiation

discernment

discrimination

perception

separation

2.

feature

characteristic

distinctiveness

individuality

mark

particularity

peculiarity

quality

3.

difference

contrast

differential

division

separation

4.

excellence

eminence

fame

greatness

honour

importance

merit

prominence

repute

distinctive

[D.J.:dɪˈstɪŋktɪv]

[K.K.:dɪˈstɪŋktɪv]

adj.

有特色的, 与众不同的

distinctively

adv.

区别地,特殊地

distinctiveness

特殊[独特]性

distinctive **

1. distinctive
Something that is distinctive has a special quality or feature which makes it easily recognizable and different from other things of the same type.

- ...the distinctive odour of chlorine.

- ...a distinctive blue and yellow flag...

- His voice was very distinctive.

ADJ-GRADED

2. distinctively

- ...the distinctively fragrant taste of elderflowers...

- Each room is distinctively decorated with light, bright colors and floral prints.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed

3. distinctiveness

- His own distinctiveness was always evident at school.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

distinctive

adjective

characteristic

idiosyncratic

individual

original

peculiar

singular

special

typical

unique

distinguish

[D.J.:disˈtiŋɡwiʃ]

[K.K.:dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ]

vt. & vi.

辨别, 区别

vt.

显扬自己, 使自己扬名

distinguished

[D.J.:dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt]

[K.K.:dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt]

adj.

卓越的;著名的;受人尊敬的

distinguishing

adj.

有区别的

distinguish **

1. distinguish distinguishes distinguishing distinguished
If you can distinguish one thing from another, you can see or understand the difference between them.

- Could he distinguish right from wrong?.

- Research suggests that babies learn to see by distinguishing between areas of light and dark.

- It is necessary to distinguish the policies of two successive governments.

VB
= tell apart

2. distinguish distinguishes distinguishing distinguished
A feature or quality that distinguishes one thing from another causes the two things to be regarded as different, because only the first thing has the feature or quality.

- There is something about music that distinguishes it from all other art forms.

- The bird has no distinguishing features.

VB
= set apart

3. distinguish distinguishes distinguishing distinguished
If you can distinguish something, you can see, hear, or taste it although it is very difficult to detect. (FORMAL)

- There were cries, calls. He could distinguish voices.

VB
= make out

4. distinguish distinguishes distinguishing distinguished
If you distinguish yourself, you do something that makes you famous or important.

- Over the next few years he distinguished himself as a leading constitutional scholar.

- They distinguished themselves at the Battle of Assaye.

VB

distinguished **

1. distinguished
If you describe a person or their work as distinguished , you mean that they have been very successful in their career and have a good reputation.

- ...a distinguished academic family.

- ...a distinguished career.

ADJ-GRADED
= illustrious

2. distinguished
If you describe someone as distinguished , you mean that they look very noble and respectable.

- His suit was immaculately cut and he looked very distinguished.

- ...a distinguished gentleman.

ADJ-GRADED

distinguish

verb

1.

differentiate

ascertain

decide

determine

discriminate

judge

tell apart

tell the difference

2.

characterize

categorize

classify

mark

separate

set apart

single out

3.

make out

discern

know

perceive

pick out

recognize

see

tell

distinguished

adjective

eminent

acclaimed

celebrated

famed

famous

illustrious

noted

renowned

well-known

distinguishable

[D.J.:dɪsˈtɪ ŋ g wɪʃəbl]

[K.K.:dɪˈstɪ ŋɡ wɪʃəb l..]

adj.

可区别的,可辨别的

distinguishable

1. distinguishable
If something is distinguishable from other things, it has a quality or feature which makes it possible for you to recognize it and see that it is different.

- ...features that make their products distinguishable from those of their rivals...

- This is vintage port, and it is distinguishable by its deep red colour.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ from n

2. distinguishable
If something is distinguishable , you can see or hear it in conditions when it is difficult to see or hear anything.

- He put his ear to the floor and heard angry shouts, but no words were distinguishable.

- It would be getting light soon now. Already shapes were more distinguishable.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= discernible

distort

[D.J.:disˈtɔ:t]

[K.K.:dɪˈstɔrt]

vt.

歪曲, 曲解

扭曲, 使变形

distorted

[disˈtɔ: tid]

adj.

扭歪的,受到曲解的

distort **

1. distort distorts distorting distorted
If you distort a statement, fact, or idea, you report or represent it in an untrue way.

- The media distorts reality; categorises people as all good or all bad.

- The minister has said his remarks at the weekend have been distorted.

VB

2. distorted

- These figures give a distorted view of the significance for the local economy.

ADJ-GRADED

3. distort distorts distorting distorted
If something you can see or hear is distorted or distorts , its appearance or sound is changed so that it seems unclear.

- A painter may exaggerate or distort shapes and forms.

- His size was persistently distorted by the cartoonists.

- His face was beginning to distort, and there was a strange tone to his voice.

V-ERG

4. distorted

- Sound was becoming more and more distorted through the use of hearing aids.

ADJ-GRADED

distort

verb

1.

misrepresent

bias

colour

falsify

pervert

slant

twist

2.

deform

bend

buckle

contort

disfigure

misshape

twist

warp

distortion

[D.J.:dɪˈstɔ:ʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈstɔrʃən]

n.

曲解;失真

distortion *

1. distortion distortions
Distortion is the changing of something into something that is not true or not acceptable.

- I think it would be a gross distortion of reality to say that they were motivated by self-interest.

- He later accused reporters of wilful distortion and bias.

N-VAR: usu with supp disapproval

2. distortion distortions
Distortion is the changing of the appearance or sound of something in a way that makes it seem strange or unclear.

- He demonstrated how audio signals could be transmitted along cables without distortion.

N-VAR

distortion

noun

1.

misrepresentation

bias

falsification

perversion

slant

2.

deformity

bend

buckle

contortion

crookedness

malformation

twist

warp

distract

[D.J.:disˈtrækt]

[K.K.:dɪˈstrækt]

vt.

使(人)分心, 分散(注意力)

distracted

[D.J.:dɪˈstræktɪd]

[K.K.:dɪˈstræktɪd]

adj.

心烦意乱的,慌张失措的,错乱的

distract *

distract distracts distracting distracted
If something distracts you or your attention from something, it takes your attention away from it.

- Tom admits that playing video games sometimes distracts him from his homework.

- Don't let yourself be distracted by fashionable theories.

- A disturbance in the street distracted my attention.

VB
= sidetrack

distracted *

1. distracted
If you are distracted , you are not concentrating on something because you are worried or are thinking about something else.

- She had seemed curiously distracted.

- She seemed less like a poetess than a distracted housewife.

ADJ-GRADED

2. distractedly

- He looked up distractedly. `Be with you in a second.'

ADV: ADV with v

distracting

distracting
If you say that something is distracting , you mean that it makes it difficult for you to concentrate properly on what you are doing.

- I find it slightly distracting to have someone watching me while I work.

ADJ-GRADED
= off-putting

distract

verb

1.

divert

draw away

sidetrack

turn aside

2.

amuse

beguile

engross

entertain

occupy

distracted

adjective

agitated

at sea

flustered

harassed

in a flap informal

perplexed

puzzled

troubled

distraction

[D.J.:dɪˈstrækʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈstrækʃən]

n.

使人分心的事〔人〕 ;娱乐, 消遣

心烦意乱;精神错乱

分心, 分散注意力

to distraction

心烦意乱；(心烦、激动或生气得)发狂

distraction *

1. distraction distractions
A distraction is something that turns your attention away from something you want to concentrate on.

- I feel this is getting to be a distraction from what I really want to do.

- Total concentration is required with no distractions.

N-VAR: oft N from n

2. distraction distractions
A distraction is an activity which is intended to entertain and amuse you.

- ...every conceivable distraction from show jumping to bouncy castles...

- Their national distraction is going to the disco.

N-COUNT
= diversion

3. distraction
If you say that something or someone drives you to distraction , you are emphasizing that they annoy you a great deal.

- A very clingy child can drive a parent to distraction.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

distraction

noun

1.

diversion

disturbance

interference

interruption

2.

entertainment

amusement

diversion

pastime

recreation

3.

agitation

bewilderment

commotion

confusion

discord

disorder

disturbance

distraught

[D.J.:dɪˈstrɔ:t]

[K.K.:dɪˈstrɔt]

adj.

忧心如焚的;心神错乱的;几乎发狂的

distraught *

distraught
If someone is distraught , they are so upset and worried that they cannot think clearly.

- Mr Barker's distraught parents were last night being comforted by relatives.

ADJ-GRADED
= distressed

distraught

adjective

frantic

agitated

beside oneself

desperate

distracted

distressed

out of one's mind

overwrought

worked-up

distress

[D.J.:disˈtres]

[K.K.:dɪˈstrɛs]

n.

悲痛, 痛苦, 忧伤, 苦恼

贫困, 窘迫

危险, 困难, 危难

vt.

使痛苦, 使忧伤

distressed

[D.J.:diˈstrest]

[K.K.:dɪˈstrɛst]

adj.

哀伤的

distressing

[D.J.:dɪˈstresɪŋ]

[K.K.:dɪˈstrɛsɪŋ]

adj.

使人痛苦的，令人苦恼的

distress **

1. distress
Distress is a state of extreme sorrow, suffering, or pain.

- Jealousy causes distress and painful emotions.

- Her mouth grew stiff with pain and distress.

N-UNCOUNT
= suffering

2. distress
Distress is the state of being in extreme danger and needing urgent help.

- He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.

- The constable received a distress call, and saw two youths attacking his colleague.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N

3. distress distresses distressing distressed
If someone or something distresses you, they cause you to be upset or worried.

- The idea of Toni being in danger distresses him enormously.

- I did not want to frighten or distress the horse.

VB

distressed

1. distressed
If someone is distressed , they are upset or worried.

- I feel very alone and distressed about my problem.

ADJ-GRADED

2. distressed
A distressed object such as a piece of furniture or an item of clothing has been deliberately made to look old.

- ...distressed jeans.

- ...distressed wooden benches.

ADJ

distressing

1. distressing
If something is distressing , it upsets you or worries you.

- It is very distressing to see your baby attached to tubes and monitors.

- Tranquillizers help alleviate the distressing symptoms of anxiety.

ADJ-GRADED

2. distressingly

- A distressingly large number of firms have been breaking the rules.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

distress

noun

1.

worry

grief

heartache

misery

pain

sorrow

suffering

torment

wretchedness

2.

need

adversity

difficulties

hardship

misfortune

poverty

privation

trouble

verb

3.

upset

disturb

grieve

harass

sadden

torment

trouble

worry

distressed

adjective

1.

upset

agitated

distracted

distraught

tormented

troubled

worried

wretched

2.

poverty-stricken

destitute

down at heel

indigent

needy

poor

straitened

distressing

adjective

upsetting

disturbing

harrowing

heart-breaking

painful

sad

worrying

distribute

[D.J.:disˈtribju:t]

[K.K.:dɪˈstrɪbjut]

vt.

分配, 分给

散发; 散播; 分布

distributed

[disˈtribju:tid]

adj.

分布式的

distributing

[disˈtribju:tiŋ]

分配,分发,分布

distribute **

1. distribute distributes distributing distributed
If you distribute things, you hand them or deliver them to a number of people.

- Students shouted slogans and distributed leaflets.

- Thousands of soldiers are working to distribute food and blankets to the refugees.

- In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbours or distributed among friends.

VB

2. distribute distributes distributing distributed
When a company distributes goods, it supplies them to the shops or businesses that sell them.

- We didn't understand how difficult it was to distribute a national paper.

VB

3. distribute distributes distributing distributed
If you distribute things among the members of a group, you share them among those members.

- Immediately after his election he began to distribute major offices among his friends and supporters.

VB

4. distribute distributes distributing distributed
To distribute a substance over something means to scatter it over it. (FORMAL)

- Distribute the topping evenly over the fruit.

VB

distributed **

distributed
If things are distributed throughout an area, object, or group, they exist throughout it.

- These cells are widely distributed throughout the body.

- Galactic surveys show that distant galaxies are not as evenly distributed in space as theory predicts.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ prep/adv, adv ADJ

distribute

verb

1.

hand out

circulate

convey

deliver

pass round

2.

share

allocate

allot

apportion

deal

dispense

dole out

distribution

[D.J.:ˌdistriˈbju:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən]

n.

分发, 分配

散布, 分布

distribution ***

1. distribution
The distribution of things involves giving or delivering them to a number of people or places.

- ...the council which controls the distribution of foreign aid...

- He admitted there had been distribution problems.

- ...emergency food distribution.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
= dispersal

2. distribution distributions
The distribution of something is how much of it there is in each place or at each time, or how much of it each person has.

- Mr Roh's economic planners sought to achieve a more equitable distribution of wealth.

- One of the side effects may be to change the geographical distribution of parasitic diseases such as malaria.

N-VAR: usu with supp

3. distribution
Film distribution involves deciding which cinemas a particular film is shown in.

- ...a film-distribution company.

N-UNCOUNT

distribution

noun

1.

delivery

dealing

handling

mailing

transportation

2.

sharing

allocation

allotment

apportionment

division

3.

classification

arrangement

grouping

organization

placement

distributional

1. distributional
Distributional means relating to the distribution of goods.

- What they're doing is setting up distributional networks.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. distributional
Distributional effects and policies relate to the share of a country's wealth that different groups of people have. (FORMAL)

- ...the distributional effects of free markets, which lead to inequalities in income.

ADJ: ADJ n

distributive

[D.J.:disˈtribjutiv]

[K.K.:dɪˈstrɪbjətɪv]

adj.

分发的,分配的,分布的

distributive

distributive
Distributive means relating to the distribution of goods.

- It is abundantly clear that a reorganization is necessary on the distributive side of this industry.

ADJ: ADJ n

distributor

[D.J.:dɪˈstrɪbjətə]

[K.K.:dɪˈstrɪbjətɚ]

n.

批发公司;批发商

(汽车上的)配电器

distributor **

1. distributor distributors
A distributor is a company that supplies goods to shops or other businesses.

- ...Spain's largest distributor of petroleum products...

- Bulmer is the UK distributor for Perrier and the Jamaican lager Red Stripe.

- Theater owners lease films from film distributors.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. distributor distributors
The distributor in a car or other motor vehicle is a device that sends electric current to the spark plugs in the engine.
N-COUNT: usu sing

distributorship

distributorship distributorships
A distributorship is a company that supplies goods to shops or other businesses, or the right to supply goods to shops and businesses.

- ...the general manager of an automobile distributorship.

N-COUNT

district

[D.J.:ˈdistrikt]

[K.K.:ˈdɪstrɪkt]

n.

地区, 区域

行政区

district ****

1. district districts
A district is a particular area of a town or country.

- I drove around the business district.

- ...Nashville's shopping district.

- ...a summer holiday hike in the Lake District...

- Varieties of these crops have been collected from all around the district.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

2. district districts
A district is an area of a town or country which has been given official boundaries for the purpose of administration.

- ...the home of the governor of the district.

- ...the continuing support of Glasgow District Council.

- ...the district health authority.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N n

district

noun

area

locale

locality

neighbourhood

parish

quarter

region

sector

vicinity

District Attorney *

District Attorney District Attorneys
In the United States, a District Attorney is a lawyer who works for a city, state, or federal government and puts on trial people who are accused of crimes. The abbreviation D.A. is also used.
N-COUNT

district nurse

district nurse district nurses
In Britain, a district nurse is a nurse who goes to people's houses to give them medical treatment and advice.
N-COUNT

distrust

[D.J.:dɪsˈtrʌst]

[K.K.:dɪsˈtrʌst]

n.

不信任, 怀疑

vt.

不信任(某人或某物)

distrust *

1. distrust distrusts distrusting distrusted
If you distrust someone or something, you think they are not honest, reliable, or safe.

- I don't have any particular reason to distrust them.

VB
≠ mistrust

2. distrust
Distrust is the feeling of doubt that you have towards someone or something you distrust.

- What he saw there left him with a profound distrust of all political authority.

- ...a decision that should help to dispel much of the atmosphere of distrust.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft N of n

distrust

verb

1.

suspect

be suspicious of

be wary of

disbelieve

doubt

mistrust

question

smell a rat informal

noun

2.

suspicion

disbelief

doubt

misgiving

mistrust

question

scepticism

wariness

distrustful

[D.J.:disˈtrʌstful]

[K.K.:dɪsˈtrʌstfəl]

adj.

不信任的,怀疑的,可疑的

distrustful

distrustful
If you are distrustful of someone or something, you think that they are not honest, reliable, or safe.

- Voters are deeply distrustful of all politicians.

- The older you get the more distrustful you become.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ of n

disturb

[D.J.:disˈtə:b]

[K.K.:dɪˈstɚb]

vt.

打扰, 妨碍

使焦虑, 使烦恼

扰乱, 弄乱

disturbed

[D.J.:disˈtə:bd]

[K.K.:dɪˈstɚrbd]

adj.

扰乱的

disturbing

[diˈstə:biŋ]

adj.

烦扰的

disturbingly

[disˈtə:biŋli]

adv.

令人不安地,动摇地

disturb **

1. disturb disturbs disturbing disturbed
If you disturb someone, you interrupt what they are doing and upset them.

- Did you sleep well? I didn't want to disturb you. You looked so peaceful.

- Find a quiet, warm, comfortable room where you won't be disturbed.

VB
= interrupt

2. disturb disturbs disturbing disturbed
If something disturbs you, it makes you feel upset or worried.

- I dream about him, dreams so vivid that they disturb me for days.

- He had been disturbed by the news of the attack on Hector Coyne.

VB
= worry

3. disturb disturbs disturbing disturbed
If something is disturbed , its position or shape is changed.

- He'd placed his notes in the brown envelope. They hadn't been disturbed.

- The old woman put her arm gently around Mona's shoulders, taking care not to disturb the costume.

VB

4. disturb disturbs disturbing disturbed
If something disturbs a situation or atmosphere, it spoils it or causes trouble.

- Neither Baker nor Levy seemed eager to disturb the cordial atmosphere by discussing more sensitive issues..

- What could possibly disturb such tranquility?

VB

5. disturb
If someone is accused of disturbing the peace , they are accused of behaving in a noisy and offensive way in public. (LEGAL)
PHR: V inflects

disturbed **

1. disturbed
A disturbed person is very upset emotionally, and often needs special care or treatment.

- ...working with severely emotionally disturbed children...

- The murderer was apparently mentally disturbed.

ADJ-GRADED

2. disturbed
You can say that someone is disturbed when they are very worried or anxious.

- Doctors were disturbed that less than 30 percent of the patients were women.

- I was disturbed to hear that the selection committee originally decided not to send a British team to this year's Championships.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ that, ADJ to-inf
= troubled

3. disturbed
If you describe a situation or period of time as disturbed , you mean that it is unhappy and full of problems.

- ...these disturbed times.

- ...women from disturbed backgrounds.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= troubled

disturbing **

1. disturbing
Something that is disturbing makes you feel worried or upset.

- There was something about him she found disturbing.

- There are disturbing reports of killings at the two centres.

ADJ-GRADED

2. disturbingly

- The Government has itself recognised the disturbingly high frequency of racial attacks.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj, ADV with v

disturb

verb

1.

interrupt

bother

butt in on

disrupt

interfere with

intrude on

pester

2.

upset

alarm

distress

fluster

harass

perturb

trouble

unnerve

unsettle

worry

3.

muddle

disarrange

disorder

disturbed

adjective

1.

unbalanced

disordered

maladjusted

neurotic

troubled

upset

2.

worried

anxious

apprehensive

bothered

concerned

nervous

troubled

uneasy

upset

disturbing

adjective Psychiatry

worrying

alarming

disconcerting

distressing

frightening

harrowing

startling

unsettling

upsetting

disturbance

[D.J.:disˈtə:bəns]

[K.K.:dɪˈstɚbəns]

n.

打扰, 扰乱

骚乱, 纷乱

困扰

disturbance **

1. disturbance disturbances
A disturbance is an incident in which people behave violently in public.

- During the disturbance which followed, three Englishmen were hurt.

- ...the worst of last September's disturbances.

N-COUNT

2. disturbance
Disturbance means upsetting or disorganizing something which was previously in a calm and well-ordered state.

- The home would cause less disturbance to local residents than a school.

- The animals are very sensitive to disturbance and have never bred in captivity.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

3. disturbance disturbances
You can use disturbance to refer to a medical or psychological problem, when someone's body or mind is not working in the normal way.

- Poor educational performance is related to emotional disturbance.

- ...the treatment of certain heart rhythm disturbances.

N-VAR: with supp

disturbance

noun

1.

interruption

annoyance

bother

distraction

intrusion

2.

disorder

brawl

commotion

fracas

fray

rumpus

disunited

disunited
If a group of people are disunited , there is disagreement and division among them.

- ...an increasingly disunited party.

ADJ-GRADED

disunity

[D.J.:disˈju:niti]

[K.K.:dɪsˈjunɪti]

n.

不统一

disunity

disunity
Disunity is lack of agreement among people which prevents them from working together effectively. (FORMAL)

- He had been accused of promoting disunity within the armed forces.

N-UNCOUNT

disuse

[D.J.:dɪsˈju:s]

[K.K.:dɪsˈjus]

n.

不用,废弃

disuse

disuse
If something falls into disuse , people stop using it. If something becomes worse as a result of disuse , it becomes worse because no one uses it.

- ...a church which has fallen into disuse...

- The wheel had long since rusted from years of disuse.

N-UNCOUNT: oft into N

disuse

noun

neglect

abandonment

decay

idleness

disused

[disˈju:zd]

adj.

不用的, 已废弃的

disused *

disused
A disused place or building is empty and is no longer used.

- ...a disused airfield near Maidenhead.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

ditch

[D.J.:ditʃ]

[K.K.:dɪtʃ]

n.

沟, 渠

vt.

摆脱, 抛弃

ditching

[ˈditʃiŋ]

n.

开沟;水上迫降

ditch **

1. ditch ditches
A ditch is a long narrow channel cut into the ground at the side of a road or field.
N-COUNT

2. ditch ditches ditching ditched
If you ditch something that you have or are responsible for, you abandon it or get rid of it, because you no longer want it. (INFORMAL)

- I decided to ditch the sofa bed.

- Unpopular policies such as unilateral disarmament were ditched.

VB
= dump

3. ditch ditches ditching ditched
If someone ditches someone, they end a relationship with that person. (INFORMAL)

- I can't bring myself to ditch him and start again.

VB
= dump

4. ditch ditches ditching ditched
If a pilot ditches an aircraft or if it ditches , the pilot makes an emergency landing.

- One American pilot was forced to ditch his jet in the Gulf.

- A survivor was knocked unconscious when the helicopter ditched.

V-ERG
= crash-land

ditch

noun

1.

channel

drain

dyke

furrow

gully

moat

trench

watercourse

verb

2.

get rid of

abandon

discard

dispose of

drop

dump informal

jettison

scrap

throw out or overboard

dither

[D.J.:ˈdɪðə]

[K.K.:ˈdɪðɚ]

vi.

(因不知所措)慌张, 犹豫不定

n.

犹豫不定, 不知所措

dithered

颤动的

dithering

n.

抖动

dither *

dither dithers dithering dithered
When someone dithers , they hesitate because they are unable to make a quick decision about something.

- We have been living together for five years, and we're still dithering over whether to marry.

- If you have been dithering about buying shares, now could be the time to do it.

VB

dither

verb Slang

1.

vacillate

faff about Brit. informal

hesitate

hum and haw

shillyshally informal

teeter

waver

noun

2.

flutter

flap informal

fluster

tizzy informal

ditto

[D.J.:ˈditəu]

[K.K.:ˈdɪto]

n.

同上,同上符号,很相似的东西

vt.

重复

adv.

与前同地

ditto

ditto
In informal English, you can use ditto to represent a word or phrase that you have just used in order to avoid repeating it. In written lists, ditto can be represented by ditto marks - the symbol 〃 - underneath the word that you want to repeat.

- Lister's dead. Ditto three Miami drug dealers and a lady.

ditty

[D.J.:ˈditi]

[K.K.:ˈdɪti]

n.

小曲, 歌谣

ditty

ditty ditties
A ditty is a short or light-hearted song or poem. (WRITTEN or HUMOROUS)
N-COUNT

ditzy

[D.J.:ˈditzi]

[K.K.:ˈdɪtsi]

adj.

〈美〉〈俚〉没有头脑的，愚蠢的

ditzy

ditzy ditzier ditziest
A ditzy person is silly and not very organized. (INFORMAL)

- Don't tell me my ditzy secretary didn't send you an invitation!

ADJ-GRADED also ditsy

diuretic

[D.J.:ˌdaijuˈreitik]

[K.K.:ˌdaɪəˈrɛtɪk]

n.

〈医〉利尿剂

diuretic *

1. diuretic diuretics
A diuretic is a substance which makes your body increase its production of waste fluids, with the result that you need to urinate more often than usual. (TECHNICAL or MEDICAL)

- Like caffeine, alcohol acts as a diuretic, making you even more dehydrated.

N-COUNT

2. diuretic
Also an adjective.

- Many remedies effective in joint disease are primarily diuretic.

ADJ

diurnal

[D.J.:daɪˈɜ:nəl]

[K.K.:daɪˈə..nəl]

adj.

白天的

每日的

占用一天的,只活一天的

diurnal

diurnal
Diurnal means happening or active during the daytime. (FORMAL)

- Kangaroos are diurnal animals.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ nocturnal

diva

[D.J.:ˈdi:və]

[K.K.:ˈdivə]

n.

歌剧中的女主角

diva *

diva divas
You can refer to a successful and famous female opera singer as a diva .
N-COUNT

divan

[D.J.:dɪˈvæn]

[K.K.:dɪˈvæn]

n.

(可作床用的)矮沙发

(波斯或其他东方诗人的)诗集

divan

1. divan divans
A divan or divan bed is a bed that has a thick base under the mattress. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. divan divans
A divan is a long soft seat that has no back or arms.
N-COUNT

dive

[D.J.:daiv]

[K.K.:daɪv]

vi.

跳水

潜水

头向下钻, 猛冲

n.

潜水, 跳水

diving

[D.J.:ˈdaɪvɪŋ]

n.

各种水(下)运动

diving dress

潜水服

dive **

1. dive dives diving dived
If you dive into some water, you jump in head-first with your arms held straight above your head.

- He tried to escape by diving into a river.

- She was standing by a pool, about to dive in.

- Joanne had just learnt to dive.

VB American English sometimes uses the form dove for the past tense

2. dive dives
Also a noun.

- Pat had earlier made a dive of 80 feet from the Chasm Bridge.

N-COUNT

3. dive dives diving dived
If you dive , you go under the surface of the sea or a lake, using special breathing equipment.

- Bezanik is diving to collect marine organisms.

VB American English sometimes uses the form dove for the past tense

4. dive dives
Also a noun.

- This sighting occurred during my dive to a sunken wreck off Sardinia.

N-COUNT

5. dive dives diving dived
When birds and animals dive , they go quickly downwards, head-first, through the air or through water.

- ...a pelican which had just dived for a fish...

- The shark dived down and swam under the boat.

VB American English sometimes uses the form dove for the past tense

6. dive dives diving dived
If an aeroplane dives , it flies or drops down quickly and suddenly.

- He was killed when his monoplane stalled and dived into the ground.

VB American English sometimes uses the form dove for the past tense

7. dive dives
Also a noun.

- Witnesses said the plane failed to pull out of a dive and smashed down in a field.

N-COUNT

8. dive dives diving dived
If you dive in a particular direction or into a particular place, you jump or move there quickly.

- They dived into a taxi.

- The cashier dived for cover when a gunman opened fire.

- He would dive under one obstacle, round another, and lightly step over a third.

VB American English sometimes uses the form dove for the past tense
= leap

9. dive dives
Also a noun.

- He made a sudden dive for Uncle Jim's legs to try to trip him up.

N-COUNT

10. dive dives diving dived
If you dive into a bag or container, you put your hands into it quickly in order to get something out.

- She dived into her bag and brought out a folded piece of paper.

VB American English sometimes uses the form dove for the past tense

11. dive dives diving dived
If shares, profits, or figures dive , their value falls suddenly and by a large amount. (JOURNALISM)

- If we cut interest rates, the pound would dive.

- Profits have dived from £7.7m to £7.1m.

- The shares dived 22p to 338p.

VB American English sometimes uses the form dove for the past tense

12. dive dives
Also a noun.

- Stock prices took a dive.

N-COUNT

13. dive dives
If you describe a bar or club as a dive , you mean it is dirty and dark, and not very respectable. (INFORMAL)

- We've played in all the little pubs and dives around Liverpool.

N-COUNT disapproval

diving *

1. diving
Diving is the activity of working or looking around underwater, using special breathing equipment.

- ...equipment and accessories for diving.

N-UNCOUNT

2. diving
Diving is the sport or activity in which you jump into water head first with your arms held straight above your head, usually from a diving board.

- Weight is crucial in diving because the aim is to cause the smallest splash possible.

N-UNCOUNT

dive

verb Chiefly Brit.

1.

plunge

descend

dip

drop

duck

nose-dive

plummet

swoop

noun

2.

plunge

jump

leap

lunge

nose dive

spring

dive-bomb

[D.J.:ˈdaɪvˌbɔm]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪvˌbɑm]

v.

俯冲轰炸

dive-bomb

dive-bomb dive-bombs dive-bombing dive-bombed
If a plane dive-bombs an area, it suddenly flies down low over it to drop bombs onto it.

- The Russians had to dive-bomb the cities to regain control.

VB

dive-bomber

俯冲轰炸机

dive-bomber

dive-bomber dive-bombers
You can refer to a plane that flies down low over a place in order to drop bombs on it as a dive-bomber .

- The port had been attacked by German dive bombers for the past five days.

N-COUNT

diver

[D.J.:ˈdaɪvə]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪvɚ]

n.

(通常有专用装备的)潜水员

跳水者;跳水运动员

divers

[D.J.:ˈdaɪvəz]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪvəz]

adj.

不同的,好几个的

diver *

diver divers
A diver is a person who swims under water using special breathing equipment.

- Police divers have recovered the body of a sixteen year old boy.

N-COUNT

diverge

[D.J.:dɪˈvɜ:dʒ, daɪ-]

[K.K.:dɪˈvə..dʒ, daɪ-]

vi.

分开;偏离;分歧;分道扬镳

n.

分开；偏离；分歧；分道扬镳

diverging

发散

diverge *

1. diverge diverges diverging diverged
If one thing diverges from another similar thing, the first thing becomes different from the second or develops differently from it. You can also say that two things diverge .

- His interests increasingly diverged from those of his colleagues.

- Scientists believe that man diverged from the apes between 5 and 7 million years ago.

- When the aims of the partners begin to diverge, there's trouble.

V-RECIP

2. diverge diverges diverged
If one opinion or idea diverges from another, they contradict each other or are different. You can also say that two opinions or ideas diverge .

- The view of the Estonian government does not diverge that far from Lipmaa's thinking.

- Needless to say, theory and practice sometimes diverged.

- ...the widely diverging ideologies of the two states.

V-RECIP: no cont

3. diverge diverges diverging diverged
If one road, path, or route diverges from another, they lead in different directions after starting from the same place. You can also say that roads, paths, or routes diverge .

- ...a course that diverged from the Calvert Island coastline...

- Where three roads diverge take the middle branch.

V-RECIP
= part

diverge

verb

1.

separate

branch

divide

fork

part

split

spread

2.

deviate

depart

digress

meander

stray

turn aside

wander

divergence

[D.J.:daɪˈvɜ:dʒɵns]

[K.K.:daɪˈvə..dʒəns]

n.

分叉，叉开；分歧；背离；离题

<数>散度，发散(性)

divergence

divergence divergences
A divergence is a difference between two or more things, attitudes, or opinions. (FORMAL)

- There's a substantial divergence of opinion within the party.

- This overall figure conceals wide divergences between the main industrial countries.

- The tenor of the opening remarks reflects the divergence in the priorities of the two sides.

N-VAR: usu with supp

divergent

[D.J.:dɪˈvɜ:dʒənt, daɪ-]

[K.K.:dɪˈvə..dʒənt, daɪ-]

adj.

有分歧的;叉开的;发散的, 扩散的

divergent

divergent
Divergent things are different from each other. (FORMAL)

- Two people who have divergent views on this question are George Watt and Bob Marr.

- Similar customs were known in widely divergent cultures such as Ancient Egypt and Scandinavia.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

diverse

[D.J.:daiˈvəs]

[K.K.:dɪˈvɚs, daɪ-, ˈdaɪˌvɚs]

adj.

不同的, 多种多样的

diverse **

1. diverse
If a group or range of things is diverse , it is made up of a wide variety of things.

- ...shops selling a diverse range of gifts...

- Society is now much more diverse than ever before.

ADJ-GRADED
= varied

2. diverse
Diverse people or things are very different from each other.

- Albert Jones' new style will inevitably put him in touch with a much more diverse and perhaps younger audience.

ADJ-GRADED

diverse

adjective

1.

various

assorted

manifold

miscellaneous

of every description

several

sundry

varied

2.

different

discrete

disparate

dissimilar

distinct

divergent

separate

unlike

varying

diversification

[daivə:sifiˈkeiʃən]

n.

变化,多样化

diversified

[D.J.:daɪˈvɜ:sɪfaɪd]

[K.K.:daɪˈvə..səˌfaɪd]

adj.

多样化的；多种经营的

diversify

[D.J.:daiˈvə:sifai]

[K.K.:dɪˈvɚsəˌfaɪ, daɪ-]

vt. & vi.

使多样化; 多样化

进入新的商业领域

diversify **

1. diversify diversifies diversifying diversified
When an organization or person diversifies into other things, or diversifies their range of something, they increase the variety of things that they do or make.

- The company's troubles started only when it diversified into new products.

- As demand has increased, so manufacturers have been encouraged to diversify and improve quality.

- These firms have been given a tough lesson in the need to diversify their markets.

VB
= branch out

2. diversification diversifications

- The seminar was to discuss diversification of agriculture.

- These strange diversifications could have damaged or even sunk the entire company.

N-VAR

diversify

verb

vary

branch out

change

expand

have a finger in every pie

spread out

diversion

[D.J.:daiˈvə:ʃən]

[K.K.:dɪˈvɚʒən, -ʃən, daɪ-]

n.

转移, 转向

娱乐, 消遣

临时绕行路

分散注意力

diversion *

1. diversion diversions
A diversion is an action or event that attracts your attention away from what you are doing or concentrating on.

- ...armed robbers who escaped after throwing smoke bombs to create a diversion...

- The whole argument is a diversion.

N-COUNT

2. diversion diversions
A diversion is an activity that you do for pleasure. (FORMAL)

- Finger painting is very messy but an excellent diversion.

N-COUNT
= amusement

3. diversion diversions
A diversion is a special route arranged for traffic to follow when the normal route cannot be used. (BRIT; in AM use detour )

- They turned back because of traffic diversions.

N-COUNT

4. diversion
The diversion of something involves changing its course or destination.

- ...the illegal diversion of profits from secret arms sales.

- ...the diversion of a ship to Lebanon with $8m worth of aluminium on board.

N-UNCOUNT: the N of n

diversion

noun

1.

detour

departure

deviation

digression

2.

pastime

amusement

distraction

entertainment

game

recreation

relaxation

sport

diversionary

[daiˈvə:ʃənəri,diˈvə:ʒənəri]

adj.

转换注意力的,牵制的

diversionary

diversionary
A diversionary activity is one intended to attract people's attention away from something which you do not want them to think about, know about, or deal with.

- It's thought the fires were started by the prisoners as a diversionary tactic.

- They asked the British to launch a diversionary attack on the north coast.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

diversity

[D.J.:dɪˈvɜ:sɪti:, daɪ-]

[K.K.:dɪˈvə..sɪti, daɪ-]

n.

多样化;(人在种族、民族、宗教等方面的)多样性

分歧

diversity **

1. diversity diversities
The diversity of something is the fact that it contains many very different elements.

- ...the cultural diversity of British society.

- ...to introduce more choice and diversity into the education system.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= variety

2. diversity
A diversity of things is a range of things which are very different from each other.

- Forslan's object is to gather as great a diversity of genetic material as possible.

N-SING: N of n

diversity

noun Chiefly Brit.

difference

distinctiveness

diverseness

heterogeneity

multiplicity

range

variety

divert

[D.J.:daiˈvə:t]

[K.K.:dɪˈvɚt, daɪ-]

vt.

使转移[向]

使得到消遣

diverting

[daiˈvə:tiŋ]

adj.

有趣的

divert **

1. divert diverts diverting diverted
To divert vehicles or travellers means to make them follow a different route or go to a different destination than they originally intended. You can also say that someone or something diverts from a particular route or to a particular place. (BRIT; in AM use detour )

- ...Rainham Marshes, east London, where a new bypass will divert traffic from the A13...

- During the strike, ambulances will be diverted to private hospitals.

- We diverted a plane to rescue 100 passengers.

- She insists on diverting to a village close to the airport.

- The capital remained jammed with diverted traffic.

V-ERG

2. divert diverts diverting diverted
To divert money or resources means to cause them to be used for a different purpose.

- The government is trying to divert more public funds from west to east.

- ...government departments involved in diverting resources into community care.

VB

3. divert diverts diverting diverted
To divert a phone call means to send it to a different number or place from the one that was dialled by the person making the call.

- He instructed switchboard staff to divert all Laura's calls to him.

- Customers will only incur additional call charges if the call is diverted outside the UK.

VB

4. divert diverts diverting diverted
If you say that someone diverts your attention from something important or serious, you disapprove of them behaving or talking in a way that stops you thinking about it.

- They want to divert the attention of the people from the real issues.

- The President needed to divert attention away from his own economic record.

VB disapproval
= distract

diverting *

diverting
If you describe something as diverting , you mean that it is amusing or entertaining. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- It was a witty and diverting programme.

ADJ-GRADED
= enjoyable

divert

verb

1.

redirect

avert

deflect

switch

turn aside

2.

distract

draw or lead away from

lead astray

sidetrack

3.

entertain

amuse

beguile

delight

gratify

regale

diverting

adjective

entertaining

amusing

beguiling

enjoyable

fun

humorous

pleasant

divest

[D.J.:dɪˈvest, daɪ-]

[K.K.:dɪˈvɛst, daɪ-]

vt.

脱去(衣服)

剥夺

divest of

1.(给某人)脱衣服

2.从…取去…

3.丟弃，拋弃(不需要或无用的东西)

divest

1. divest divests divesting divested
If you divest yourself of something that you own or are responsible for, you get rid of it or stop being responsible for it. (FORMAL)

- The company divested itself of its oil interests.

VB

2. divest divests divesting divested
If something or someone is divested of a particular quality, they lose that quality or it is taken away from them. (FORMAL)

- ...in the 1960s, when sexual love had been divested of sin...

- They have divested rituals of their original meaning.

- Divested of the hype surrounding its launch, the show can now emerge as a full-fledged classic.

VB

3. divest divests divesting divested
If you divest someone of something that they are wearing or carrying, you take it off them or away from them. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...the formalities of divesting her of her coat.

- ...detectors installed at the entrances to make youngsters divest themselves of guns and knives.

VB

divide

[D.J.:diˈvaid]

[K.K.:dɪˈvaɪd]

vt. & vi.

分, 划分

分离, 隔开

(使)产生分歧

n.

分水岭, 分界线

divided

[D.J.:dɪˈvaɪdɪd]

[K.K.:dɪˈvaɪdɪd]

adj.

分离的;被分割的;分裂的

dividing

[diˈvaidiŋ]

adj.

区分的,分划的

divide ****

1. divide divides dividing divided
When people or things are divided or divide into smaller groups or parts, they become separated into smaller parts.

- The physical benefits of exercise can be divided into three factors.

- It will be easiest if we divide them into groups.

- Divide the pastry in half and roll out each piece.

- We divide into pairs and each pair takes a region.

- Bacteria reproduce by dividing and making copies of themselves.

V-ERG
= split

2. divide divides dividing divided
If you divide something among people or things, you separate it into several parts or quantities which you distribute to the people or things.

- Paul divides most of his spare time between the study and his bedroom.

- Divide the sauce among 4 bowls.

VB

3. divide divides dividing divided
If you divide a larger number by a smaller number or divide a smaller number into a larger number, you calculate how many times the smaller number can fit exactly into the larger number.

- Measure the floor area of the greenhouse and divide it by six.

VB

4. divide divides dividing divided
If a border or line divides two areas or divides an area into two, it keeps the two areas separate from each other.

- ...remote border areas dividing Tamil and Muslim settlements.

- ...the artificial line that divides the city.

- ...the long frontier dividing Mexico from the United States.

VB
= separate

5. divide divides dividing divided
If people divide over something or if something divides them, it causes strong disagreement between them.

- She has done more to divide the Conservatives than anyone else.

- The democrats are divided over whether to admit him into their group.

- The party is as likely to divide along national lines as along ideological lines.

V-ERG
≠ unite

6. divide divides
A divide is a significant distinction between two groups, often one that causes conflict.

- ...a deliberate attempt to create a Hindu-Muslim divide in India.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp
= gulf rift

7. divide divides
A divide is a moment in time or a point in a process when there is a complete change from one situation to another.

- The time had come to cross the great divide between formality and truth.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp
= watershed

8. divide divides
A divide is a line of high ground between areas that are drained by different rivers. (AM; in BRIT usually use watershed )
N-COUNT

9. divide
You use divide and rule to refer to a policy which is intended to keep someone in a position of power by causing disagreements between people who might otherwise unite against them.

- The government's policies of divide and rule have only contributed to the volatility of the region.

PHR disapproval

divide

verb

1.

separate

bisect

cut (up)

part

partition

segregate

split

2.

share

allocate

allot

deal out

dispense

distribute

3.

cause to disagree

break up

come between

estrange

split

divide off ****

divide off divides off; dividing off; divided off
If something divides an area off , it forms a barrier that keeps it separate from another area.

- ...a bamboo partition dividing off another room for the girls.

PHR-V

divide up ****

1. divide up divides up; dividing up; divided up
If you divide something up , you separate it into smaller or more useful groups.

- The idea is to divide up the country into four sectors.

- The National Trust needs a new Act of Parliament, to divide it up into smaller bodies and permit some of its properties to revert to private ownership.

PHR-V

2. divide up divides up; dividing up; divided up
If you divide something up , you share it out among a number of people or groups in approximately equal parts.

- The aim was to divide up the business, give everyone an equal stake in its future.

PHR-V

divided highway

divided highway divided highways
A divided highway is a road which has two lanes of traffic travelling in each direction with a strip of grass or concrete down the middle to separate the two lots of traffic. (AM; in BRIT use dual carriageway )
N-COUNT

dividend

[D.J.:ˈdividend]

[K.K.:ˈdɪvɪˌdɛnd]

n.

红利, 股息

被除数

dividend ***

1. dividend dividends
A dividend is the part of a company's profits which is paid to people who have shares in the company.

- The first quarter dividend has been increased by nearly 4 per cent.

N-COUNT

2. dividend
If something pays dividends , it brings advantages at a later date.

- Steps taken now to maximise your health will pay dividends later on.

PHR: V inflects

dividend

noun

bonus

cut informal

divvy informal

extra

gain

plus

portion

share

surplus

divider

[D.J.:diˈvaidə]

[K.K.:dɪˈvaɪdɚ]

n.

分割者,间隔物,分配器,圆规

dividers

n.

圆规

divider

1. divider dividers
A divider is something which forms a barrier between two areas or sets of things.

- A curtain acted as a divider between this class and another.

- ...room dividers.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. divider dividers
Dividers are an instrument used for measuring lines and for marking points along them. Dividers consist of two pointed arms joined with a hinge.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

dividing line

1. dividing line dividing lines
A dividing line is a distinction or set of distinctions which marks the difference between two types of thing or two groups.

- There's a very thin dividing line between joviality and hysteria.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N between pl-n

2. dividing line
The dividing line between two areas is the boundary between them.

- ...people on both sides of the dividing line between Israel and the occupied territories.

N-SING: oft N between pl-n

divination

[D.J.:ˌdiviˈneiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɪvəˈneʃən]

n.

预言

divination

divination
Divination is the art or practice of discovering what will happen in the future using supernatural means. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

divine

[D.J.:diˈvain]

[K.K.:dɪˈvaɪn]

adj.

神的, 天赐的

极好的

vt.

猜测, 预测

divinely

[diˈvainli]

adv.

像神一样地,庄严地,凭神的力量

divining

n.

占卜

adj.

占卜的,推测的

divine **

1. divine
You use divine to describe something that is provided by or relates to a god or goddess.

- He suggested that the civil war had been a divine punishment.

- ...divine inspiration.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. divinely

- The law was divinely ordained.

ADV: usu ADV -ed

3. divine divines
A divine is a priest who specializes in the study of God and religion. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

4. divine
People use divine to express their pleasure or enjoyment of something. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- `Isn't it divine?' she said. `I wish I had the right sort of brooch to lend you for it.'.

- Darling how lovely to see you, you look simply divine.

ADJ-GRADED feelings
= heavenly

5. divinely

- ...divinely glamorous singer Jeffrey McDonald.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

6. divine divines divining divined
If you divine something, you discover or learn it by guessing. (LITERARY)

- The child developed an unconscious ability to intuit or divine the needs of the parents and respond to them.

- We may divine that kings did not sleep any better than peasants.

VB

7. divine divines divining divined
If you divine , you try to find underground supplies of water or minerals, using a special rod or pair of rods.

- The only reason I was divining for water was because of the drought.

- ...a divining rod.

VB
= dowse

divine

adjective

1.

heavenly

angelic

celestial

godlike

holy

spiritual

superhuman

supernatural

2.

sacred

consecrated

holy

religious

sanctified

spiritual

3.

wonderful

beautiful

excellent

glorious

marvellous

perfect

splendid

superlative

verb

4.

infer

apprehend

deduce

discern

guess

perceive

suppose

surmise

divine right

divine right divine rights
If someone thinks they have a divine right to something, they think that it is their right to have it, without making any effort.

- A degree does not mean you have a divine right to health, wealth, and happiness.

N-COUNT: usu sing

diving bell

diving bell diving bells
A diving bell is a container shaped like a bell, in which people can breathe air while they work under water.
N-COUNT

diving board

diving board diving boards
A diving board is a board high above a swimming pool from which people can dive into the water.
N-COUNT

divinity

[D.J.:diˈviniti]

[K.K.:dɪˈvɪnɪti]

n.

神; 上帝

adj.

宗教的; 神学的

divinity *

1. divinity
Divinity is the study of religion.

- He entered Otago University to study arts and divinity.

N-UNCOUNT
= theology

2. divinity
Divinity is the quality of being divine.

- ...a lasting faith in the divinity of Christ's word.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

3. divinity divinities
A divinity is a god or goddess.

- The three statues above are probably Roman divinities.

N-COUNT

divinity

noun Informal

1.

theology

religion

religious studies

2.

god or goddess

deity

guardian spirit

spirit

3.

godliness

deity

divine nature

holiness

sanctity

divisibility

[diˌviziˈbiliti]

n.

可分割,整除性,可除尽

divisible

[D.J.:dɪˈvɪzəbəl]

[K.K.:dɪˈvɪzəbəl]

adj.

可分开的,可除尽的

divisibility

n.

divisible

divisible
If one number is divisible by another number, the second number can be divided into the first exactly, with nothing left over.

- Twenty-eight is divisible by seven.

ADJ: v-link ADJ by num

divisible

adjective

dividable

separable

splittable

division

[D.J.:diˈviʒən]

[K.K.:dɪˈvɪʒən]

n.

分开; 分配

部门

界限

分歧, 分裂

除(法)

分组表决

division ****

1. division
The division of a large unit into two or more distinct parts is the act of separating it into these parts.

- ...the unification of Germany, after its division into two states at the end of World War Two.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss, oft N into pl-n
= split

2. division
The division of something among people or things is its separation into parts which are distributed among the people or things.

- The current division of labor between workers and management will alter.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n among/between pl-n

3. division
Division is the arithmetical process of dividing one number into another number.

- I taught my daughter how to do division at the age of six.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ multiplication

4. division divisions
A division is a significant distinction or argument between two groups, which causes the two groups to be considered as very different and separate.

- The division between the prosperous west and the impoverished east remains.

N-VAR: oft N between/among pl-n
= split

5. division divisions
In a large organization, a division is a group of departments whose work is done in the same place or is connected with similar tasks.

- ...the bank's Latin American division.

- ...the sales division.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= group

6. division divisions
A division is a group of military units which fight as a single unit.

- Several armoured divisions are being moved from Germany.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

7. division divisions
In the British Parliament, a division is a vote where the Members of Parliament go into separate rooms in order to record their vote.
N-COUNT

8. division divisions
In some sports, such as football, baseball, and basketball, a division is one of the groups of teams which make up a league. The teams in each division are considered to be approximately the same standard, and they all play against each other during the season.

- Villa had just been relegated from the First Division.

- ...the Scottish Premier Division leaders, Dundee United.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

division

noun

1.

separation

cutting up

dividing

partition

splitting up

2.

sharing

allotment

apportionment

distribution

3.

part

branch

category

class

department

group

section

4.

disagreement

difference of opinion

discord

rupture

split

variance

divisional

[diˈviʒənəl]

adj.

分割的,分区的,师的除法的,部门所有的

divisional *

divisional
Divisional means relating to a division of a large organization or group.

- The team won the divisional championship.

- An alarm links the police station to the divisional headquarters.

ADJ: ADJ n

division sign

division sign division signs
A division sign is the symbol ÷ used between two numbers to show that the first number has to be divided by the second.
N-COUNT

divisive

[D.J.:dɪˈvaɪsɪv]

[K.K.:dɪˈvaɪsɪv]

adj.

引起分歧的;导致分裂的

divisively

adv.

引起分歧地;导致分裂地

divisiveness

n.

引起分歧;导致分裂

divisive *

1. divisive
Something that is divisive causes unfriendliness and argument between people.

- Abortion has always been a divisive issue.

- A referendum would be divisive.

ADJ-GRADED

2. divisiveness

- ...the divisiveness that has separated Miami's black and Latino communities.

N-UNCOUNT

divorce

[D.J.:diˈvɔ:s]

[K.K.:dɪˈvɔrs, -ˈvors]

n.

离婚

分离

vt.

与…离婚

分离

divorced

[D.J.:dɪˈv ɔ:st]

[K.K.:dəˈv ɔrst]

adj.

离婚的

分开的;不相干的

脱离的;不受影响的

divorce ***

1. divorce divorces
A divorce is the formal ending of a marriage by law.

- Numerous marriages now end in divorce.

- Their divorce became final this weekend.

- The divorce proceedings have accelerated.

N-VAR

2. divorce divorces divorcing divorced
If a man and woman divorce or if one of them divorces the other, their marriage is legally ended.

- My parents divorced when I was very young.

- He and Lillian had got divorced.

- I am absolutely furious that he divorced me to marry her.

- Mr Gold is divorcing for the second time.

- I got divorced when I was about 31.

V-RECIP

3. divorce
A divorce between two things is a separation between them which is permanent or is likely to be permanent.

- ...this divorce of Christian culture from the roots of faith...

- This process is, in no sense, a divorce between the Labour Party and the trade union movement.

N-SING: usu N of n from n, N between pl-n

4. divorce divorces divorcing divorced
If you say that one thing cannot be divorced from another, you mean that the two things cannot be considered as different and separate things.

- Good management in the police cannot be divorced from accountability.

- We have been able to divorce sex from reproduction.

VB
= dissociate

divorced **

1. divorced
Someone who is divorced from their former husband or wife has separated from them and is no longer legally married to them.

- Princess Margaret is divorced from Lord Snowdon.

- He is divorced, with a young son.

ADJ: oft ADJ from n

2. divorced
If you say that one thing is divorced from another, you mean that the two things are very different and separate from each other.

- ...speculative theories divorced from political reality.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ from n
= unconnected

3. divorced
If you say that someone is divorced from a situation, you mean that they act as if they are not affected by it in any way.

- This just shows how divorced from reality she's become.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ from n

divorce

noun

1.

separation

annulment

dissolution

split-up

verb

2.

separate

disconnect

dissociate

dissolve marriage

divide

part

sever

split up

divorc´e

divorc´e divorc´es
A divorc´e is a man who is divorced. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

divorcee

[diˈvɔ:si:]

n.

离婚者

divorcee

divorcee divorcees
A divorcee is a person, especially a woman, who is divorced.
N-COUNT

divorc´ee

divorc´ee divorc´ees
A divorc´ee is a woman who is divorced. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

divot

[D.J.:ˈdivət]

[K.K.:ˈdɪvət]

n.

(击球时削起的)一块草皮,草皮断片

divot

divot divots
A divot is a small piece of grass and earth which is dug out accidentally, for example by a golf club.
N-COUNT

divulge

[D.J.:dɪˈvʌldʒ]

[K.K.:dɪˈvʌldʒ]

vt.

吐露, 泄露

divulged

泄露,暴露

divulge *

divulge divulges divulging divulged
If you divulge a piece of secret or private information, you tell it to someone. (FORMAL)

- Officials refuse to divulge details of the negotiations.

- He was charged with divulging state secrets.

- I do not want to divulge where the village is.

VB
= reveal

divulge

verb

make known

confess

declare

disclose

let slip

proclaim

reveal

tell

divvy

[D.J.:ˈdivi]

[K.K.:ˈdɪvi]

v.

分配

n.

分摊,分配,部分

divvy

divvy divvies
If you call someone a divvy , you are saying in a humorous way that you think they are rather foolish. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

divvy up

divvy up divvies up; divvying up; divvied up
If you divvy up something such as money or food, you share it out. (INFORMAL)

- Johnson was free to divvy up his share of the money as he chose.

PHR-V
= divide

Diwali

n.

（印度的宗教节日）排灯节

Diwali

Diwali
Diwali is a Hindu festival held in honour of Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth. It is celebrated in October or November with the lighting of lamps in homes and temples, and with prayers to Lakshmi.
N-UNCOUNT also Divali .

DIY

abbr.

Do It Yourself 自己动手做

DIY

abbr.

Do It Yourself 指购买配件自己组装的方式

DIY *

1. DIY
DIY is the activity of making or repairing things yourself, especially in your home. DIY is an abbreviation for `do-it-yourself'. (BRIT)

- He's useless at DIY. He won't even put up a shelf.

N-UNCOUNT

2. DIY
A DIY shop is one that sells tools, paint, and other equipment needed for DIY. (BRIT)

- You can get kits to do this from DIY stores.

ADJ: ADJ n
= do-it-yourself

3. DIY
DIY things are things that you make or do yourself, rather than buying them ready-made or paying someone else to do them. (BRIT)

- They sell materials for DIY mosaics and ready-made panels.

ADJ: ADJ n
= do-it-yourself

dizzily

adv.

头晕；头昏眼花地,使人眼花地

dizziness

[D.J.:ˈdɪzɪnɪs]

[K.K.: ˈdɪzɪnəs]

n.

头昏眼花

dizzy

[D.J.:ˈdizi]

[K.K.:ˈdɪzi]

adj.

头昏眼花的, 眩晕的

引起头晕的

dizzying

adj.

令人昏乱的,灿烂的

dizzy **

1. dizzy dizzier dizziest
If you feel dizzy , you feel that you are losing your balance and are about to fall.

- Her head still hurt, and she felt slightly dizzy and disoriented.

- He began to get dizzy spells.

ADJ-GRADED

2. dizzily

- Her head spins dizzily as soon as she sits up.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. dizziness

- His complaint causes dizziness and nausea.

N-UNCOUNT

4. dizzy dizzier dizziest
You can use dizzy to describe a woman who is careless and forgets things, but is easy to like.

- She is famed for playing dizzy blondes.

- ...a charmingly dizzy great-grandmother.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. dizzy dizzies dizzying dizzied
If something dizzies you, it causes you to feel unsteady or confused.

- The sudden height dizzied her and she clung tightly.

VB

6. dizzying

- We're descending now at dizzying speed.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

7. dizzy
If you say that someone has reached the dizzy heights of something, you are emphasizing that they have reached a very high level by achieving it. (HUMOROUS)

- I escalated to the dizzy heights of director's secretary.

PHR: usu PHR after v, oft PHR of n emphasis

dizzy

adjective

1.

giddy

faint

light-headed

off balance

reeling

shaky

swimming

wobbly

woozy informal

2.

confused

at sea

befuddled

bemused

bewildered

dazed

dazzled

muddled

DJ

abbr.

disc jockey (广播电台)流行音乐播音员, 流行音乐节目主持人

DJ

abbr.

disc jockey （广播电台）流行音乐播音员，流行音乐节目主持人

DJ **

1. DJ DJs
A DJ is the same as a disc jockey .
N-COUNT also D.J. or dj .

2. DJ DJs
A DJ is the same as a dinner jacket . (BRIT)
N-COUNT also D.J. or dj .

DNA

[D.J.:ˌdi:enˈeɪ]

[K.K.:ˌdiɛnˈe]

n.

<化>脱氧核糖核酸

DNA **

DNA
DNA is an acid in the chromosomes in the centre of the cells of living things. DNA determines the particular structure and functions of every cell and is responsible for characteristics being passed on from parents to their children. DNA is an abbreviation for `deoxyribonucleic acid'.
N-UNCOUNT

DNA fingerprinting

DNA fingerprinting
DNA fingerprinting is the same as genetic fingerprinting .
N-UNCOUNT

DNA test

1. DNA test DNA tests
A DNA test is a test in which someone's DNA is analysed, for example to see if they have committed a particular crime or are the parent of a particular child.
N-COUNT

2. DNA testing

- They took samples from his hair for DNA testing.

N-UNCOUNT

do away with *****

1. do away does away; doing away; did away; done away
To do away with something means to remove it completely or put an end to it.

- The long-range goal must be to do away with nuclear weapons altogether.

PHR-V

2. do away does away; doing away; did away; done away
If one person does away with another, the first murders the second. If you do away with yourself, you kill yourself. (INFORMAL)

- ...a woman whose husband had made several attempts to do away with her.

PHR-V

do away with

verb Informal, chiefly Brit. & N.Z.

1.

kill

exterminate

murder

slay

2.

get rid of

abolish

discard

discontinue

eliminate

put an end to

put paid to

remove

do down *****

do down does down; doing down; did down; done down
If someone does you down , they try to you make other people think that you are unpleasant or unsuccessful by criticizing you. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Glover thinks that Smith did him down, perhaps out of envy.

PHR-V
= run down

do for *****

do for does for; doing for; did for; done for
If you say that you are done for , you mean that you are in a terrible and hopeless situation. (INFORMAL)

- The police have only got to start thinking along those lines and I'm done for.

PHR-V: usu passive

do in *****

do in does in; doing in; did in; done in
To do someone in means to kill them. (INFORMAL)

- Whoever did him in removed a man who was brave as well as ruthless.

PHR-V

do out *****

do out does out; doing out; did out; done out
If a room or building is done out in a particular way, it is decorated and furnished in that way. (BRIT)

- ...a room newly done out in country-house style.

PHR-V: usu passive

do out of *****

do out does out; doing out; did out; done out
If you do someone out of something, you unfairly cause them not to have or get a particular thing that they were expecting to have. (INFORMAL)

- He complains that the others have done him out of his share.

PHR-V

do over *****

1. do over does over; doing over; did over; done over
If you do a task over , you perform it again from the beginning. (AM)

- Braun said if she had the chance to do it over, she would have hired a press secretary.

PHR-V

2. do over does over; doing over; did over; done over
If someone does a place over , they steal things or search the place and leave it very untidy. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The door was open. They had done the place over.

PHR-V

3. do over does over; doing over; did over; done over
To do someone over means to hurt them badly, for example by hitting or kicking them. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- We could get someone to do him over, couldn't we?

PHR-V
= beat up

do up *****

1. do up does up; doing up; did up; done up
If you do something up , you fasten it.

- Mari did up the buttons.

- Keep your scarf on, do your coat up.

PHR-V

2. do up does up; doing up; did up; done up
If you do up an old building, you decorate and repair it so that it is in a better condition. (BRIT)

- Nicholas has bought a barn in Provence and is spending August doing it up.

PHR-V

3. do up does up; doing up; did up; done up
If you say that a person or room is done up in a particular way, you mean they are dressed or decorated in that way, often a way that is rather ridiculous or extreme.

- ...Beatrice, usually done up like the fairy on the Christmas tree...

- She's had her blond hair done up exactly like Jackie's.

PHR-V: usu passive

do without *****

1. do without does without; doing without; did without; done without
If you do without something you need, want, or usually have, you are able to survive, continue, or succeed although you do not have it.

- We can't do without the help of your organisation.

- We've had a bit more money and that, and the baby doesn't do without.

PHR-V

2. do without does without; doing without; did without; done without
If you say that you could do without something, you mean that you would prefer not to have it or it is of no benefit to you. (INFORMAL)

- He could do without her rhetorical questions at five o'clock in the morning.

- ...those who love France but can do without the natives...

- Like all teenagers there's one thing she'd rather do without -- spots.

PHR-V

do without

verb

manage without

abstain from

dispense with

forgo

get along without

give up

kick informal

doable

[D.J.:ˈdu:əbl]

[K.K.:ˈduəbəl]

adj.

可做的,可行的

doable

If something is doable , it is possible to do it.

- Is this project something that you think is doable?

d.o.b.

d.o.b.
d.o.b. is an old-fashioned written abbreviation for date of birth , used especially on official forms.

doberman

doberman dobermans
A doberman is a type of large dog with short dark fur.
N-COUNT

doc

[D.J.:dɔk]

[K.K.:dɑk]

n.

〈口〉医生

doc.

doctor 医生,博士

doc

doc
Some people call a doctor doc . (INFORMAL)
N-VOC; N-COUNT

docile

[D.J.:ˈdɔsəl, -ˌaɪl]

[K.K.:ˈdɑsəl, -ˌaɪl]

adj.

容易教的;易驾驶的;驯服的

docilely

adv.

容易教地;易驾驶地;驯服地

docility

n.

容易教;易驾驶;驯服

docility

[dəuˈsiləti]

n.

顺从,温顺

docile *

1. docile
A person or animal that is docile is quiet, not aggressive, and easily controlled.

- ...docile, obedient children...

- They wanted a low-cost, docile workforce.

ADJ-GRADED
= amenable

2. docility

- She was a quiet, placid baby, and her docility had surprised him.

N-UNCOUNT

3. docilely

- She stands, hands behind her, as if docilely awaiting my decision.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

docile

adjective

submissive

amenable

biddable

compliant

manageable

obedient

pliant

docility

noun

submissiveness

compliance

manageability

meekness

obedience

dock

[D.J.:dɔk]

[K.K.:dɑk]

n.

码头

被告席

vt. & vi.

(使)船停靠码头

vt.

减少; 扣除

docking

[D.J.:ˈdɔkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdɑkɪŋ]

n.

入船坞

(航天器在轨道上的)对接

dock **

1. dock docks
A dock is an enclosed area in a harbour where ships go to be loaded, unloaded, and repaired.

- ...the loading dock...

- She headed for the docks, thinking that Ricardo might be hiding in one of the boats.

- What other ships are in dock here?

N-COUNT: also in/into N

2. dock docks docking docked
When a ship docks or is docked , it is brought into a dock.

- The vessel docked at Liverpool in April 1811.

- Russian commanders docked a huge aircraft carrier in a Russian port.

- The aircraft carrier has been docked there since last month.

V-ERG

3. dock
When one spacecraft docks or is docked with another, the two crafts join together in space.

- The space shuttle Atlantis is scheduled to dock with Russia's Mir space station.

- They have docked a robot module alongside the orbiting space station.

- The shuttle will spend five days docked with Mir.

V-ERG-RECIP

4. dock docks
A dock is a platform for loading vehicles or trains. (AM)

- The truck left the loading dock with hoses still attached.

N-COUNT

5. dock docks
A dock is a small structure at the edge of water where boats can tie up, especially one that is privately owned. (AM)

- He had a house there and a dock and a little aluminum boat.

N-COUNT
= jetty

6. dock
In a law court, the dock is where the person accused of a crime stands or sits.

- What about the odd chance that you do put an innocent man in the dock?

N-SING: usu in the N

7. dock docks docking docked
If you dock someone's wages or money, you take some of the money away. If you dock someone points in a contest, you take away some of the points that they have.

- He threatens to dock her fee.

- To dock points would be wrong.

VB

8. dock docks
A dock is a plant with large leaves which grows wild in Britain, the United States, and some other northern countries. Dock leaves are supposed to heal nettle stings.
N-VAR

dock

noun

1.

wharf

harbour

pier

quay

waterfront

verb

2.

moor

anchor

berth

drop anchor

land

put in

tie up

3.

link up

couple

hook up

join

rendezvous

unite

dock

verb Of spacecraft

1.

deduct

decrease

diminish

lessen

reduce

subtract

withhold

2.

cut off

clip

crop

curtail

cut short

shorten

docker

[D.J.:ˈdɔkə]

[K.K.:ˈdɑkɚ]

n.

码头工人

docker

docker dockers
A docker is a person who works in the docks, loading and unloading ships. (BRIT; in AM use longshoreman )
N-COUNT

docket

[D.J.:ˈdɔkit]

[K.K.:ˈdɑkɪt]

n.

摘要,记事表,(待判决的)诉讼事件表

vt.

在…上附加摘要

docket

1. docket dockets
A docket is a certificate or ticket which shows the contents of something such as a parcel or cargo, and proves who the goods belong to. (BRIT)

- The clerk asked me to sign the docket.

N-COUNT

2. docket dockets
A docket is a list of cases waiting for trial in a law court. (mainly AM)

- The Court has about 1,400 appeals on its docket.

N-COUNT

dockland

n.

港区;港口住宅区

dockland *

dockland docklands
The dockland or docklands of a town or city is the area around the docks. (BRIT)
N-VAR

dockside

[D.J.:ˈdɔksaid]

[K.K.:ˈdɑkˌsaɪd]

n.

码头前沿;码头邻区;坞边

adj.

(在)码头前沿的;(在)码头邻区的;(在)坞边的

dockside

dockside
The dockside is the part of a dock that is next to the water.

- ...dockside apartment complexes.

N-SING: oft N n

dock worker

dock worker dock workers
A dock worker is a person who works in the docks, loading and unloading ships.
N-COUNT

dockyard

[D.J.:ˈdɔkjɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈdɑkˌjɑrd]

n.

造船所,修船所

dockyard

dockyard dockyards
A dockyard is a place where ships are built, maintained, and repaired.
N-COUNT

doctor

[D.J.:ˈdɔktə]

[K.K.:ˈdɑktɚ]

n.

医生, 大夫

博士

vt. & vi.

医疗

vt.

修理

作弊, 做手脚

doctoring

[ˈdɔktəriŋ]

n.

电镀层修补(用局部沉积金属的方法);刮除

doctor ****

1. doctor
A doctor is someone who is qualified in medicine and treats people who are ill.

- Do not discontinue the treatment without consulting your doctor.

- Doctor Paige will be here right after lunch to see her.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC

2. doctor
A dentist or veterinarian can also be called doctor . (AM)
N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC

3. doctor doctors
The doctor's is used to refer to the surgery or office where a doctor works.

- I have an appointment at the doctors.

N-COUNT: usu sing, the N

4. doctor
A doctor is someone who has been awarded the highest academic or honorary degree by a university.

- He is a doctor of philosophy.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

5. doctor doctors doctoring doctored
If someone doctors something, they change it in order to deceive people.

- They doctored the prints, deepening the lines to make her look as awful as possible.

- ...a cleverly doctored photograph.

VB
= tamper with

6. doctoring

- The doctoring of the document has become a live political issue.

N-UNCOUNT

7. doctor doctors doctoring doctored
If someone doctors food or drink, they add a poison or drug to it. (WRITTEN)

- She had no doubt that it was he who had doctored her milk.

- ...doctored wine.

VB

doctor

noun

1.

G.P.

general practitioner

medic informal

medical practitioner

physician

verb

2.

change

alter

disguise

falsify

misrepresent

pervert

tamper with

3.

add to

adulterate

cut

dilute

mix with

spike

water down

doctoral

[ˈdɔktərəl]

adj.

博士的

doctoral

doctoral
A doctoral thesis or piece of research is written or done in order to obtain a doctor's degree.
ADJ: ADJ n

doctorate

[D.J.:ˈdɔktərit]

[K.K.:ˈdɑktərɪt]

n.

博士学位

doctorate *

doctorate doctorates
A doctorate is the highest degree awarded by a university.

- Professor Lanphier obtained his doctorate in Social Psychology from the University of Michigan.

N-COUNT

Doctor of Philosophy

Doctor of Philosophy Doctors of Philosophy
A Doctor of Philosophy is someone who has a PhD .
N-COUNT

doctrinaire

[D.J.:ˌdɔktrəˈneə]

[K.K.:ˌdɑktrəˈnɛr]

adj.

教条(主义)的

doctrinaire

doctrinaire
If you say that someone is doctrinaire or has a doctrinaire attitude, you disapprove of them because they have fixed principles which they try to force on other people. (FORMAL)

- He is firm but not doctrinaire.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= dogmatic

doctrinaire

adjective

dogmatic

biased

fanatical

inflexible

insistent

opinionated

rigid

doctrinal

[D.J.:dɔkˈtrainl]

[K.K.:ˈdɑktrənəl]

adj.

学说的

doctrinal

doctrinal
Doctrinal means relating to doctrines. (FORMAL)

- Doctrinal differences were vigorously debated among religious leaders.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

doctrine

[D.J.:ˈdɔktrin]

[K.K.:ˈdɑktrɪn]

n.

教条, 教义, 学说

doctrine **

1. doctrine doctrines
A doctrine is a set of principles or beliefs, especially religious ones.

- ...the Marxist doctrine of perpetual revolution...

- I disagree with the doctrine that the writer's life and intention have no bearing on his texts.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N of n

2. doctrine doctrines
A doctrine is a statement of official government policy, especially foreign policy. (AM)

- Following World War II, the first U.S. commitment to Europe came in the form of the 1947 Truman Doctrine.

N-COUNT

doctrine

noun

teaching

article of faith

belief

conviction

creed

dogma

opinion

precept

principle

tenet

docudrama

[D.J.:ˈdɔkjudrɑ:mə]

[K.K.:ˈdɑkjəˌdrɑmə, -ˌdræmə]

n.

文献电视片

docudrama

docudrama docudramas
A docudrama is a film based on events that really happened. Docudramas are usually shown on television rather than in cinemas.
N-VAR also docu-drama .

document

[D.J.:ˈdɔkjumənt]

[K.K.:ˈdɑkjəmənt]

n.

公文, 文件, 文献

vt.

证明

记录, 记载

documented

备有证明文件的

document ****

1. document documents
A document is one or more official pieces of paper with writing on them.

- The foreign ministers of the two countries signed the documents today.

- ...a policy document for the Labour Party conference...

- The policeman wanted to see all our documents.

N-COUNT
= paper

2. document documents documenting documented
If you document something, you make a detailed record of it in writing or on film or tape.

- He wrote a book documenting his prison experiences.

- The effects of smoking have been well documented.

VB

document

noun

1.

paper

certificate

record

report

verb

2.

support

authenticate

certify

corroborate

detail

substantiate

validate

verify

documentary

[D.J.:ˌdɔkjuˈmentəri]

[K.K.:ˌdɑkjəˈmɛntəri]

n.

纪录片

adj.

文件的, 文书的

documentary **

1. documentary documentaries
A documentary is a television or radio programme, or a film, which shows real events or provides information about a particular subject.

- ...a TV documentary on homelessness.

N-COUNT

2. documentary
Documentary evidence consists of things that are written down.

- The government says it has documentary evidence that the two countries were planning military action.

ADJ: ADJ n

documentation

[D.J.:ˌdɔkjumenˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteʃən]

n.

证明某事属实的证据

记录

程序说明书

documentation *

documentation
Documentation consists of documents which provide proof or evidence of something, or are a record of something.

- Passengers must carry proper documentation.

N-UNCOUNT

docusoap

docusoap docusoaps
A docusoap is a television programme that shows the daily lives of people who work in a place such as a hospital or an airport, and is broadcast at a regular time each week or day.
N-COUNT

doddering

[D.J.:ˈdɔdəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdɑdərɪŋ]

adj.

震颤的,蹒跚的

doddering

doddering
If you refer to someone as a doddering old man or woman, you are saying in a disrespectful way that they are old and not strong.

- ...a doddering old man making his will before he's too senile.

ADJ: usu ADJ n disapproval
= decrepit

doddery

[ˈdɔdəri]

adj.

衰老的,蹒跚的

doddery

doddery
Someone who is doddery walks in an unsteady way, especially because of old age.
ADJ-GRADED

doddle

[D.J.:ˌdɔdl]

n.

be a doddle

<英,非正>是件容易做的事;是件轻而易举的事

(it’s) a doddle

简单之极的任务(或活动)

doddle

doddle
If you say that something is a doddle , you mean that it is very easy to do. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-SING: a N
≠ difficult

dodge

[D.J.:dɔdʒ]

[K.K.:dɑdʒ]

vt. & vi.

闪躲

vt.

回避

n.

闪躲, 躲避

伎俩, 妙计

dodging

[ˈdɔdʒiŋ]

n.

避开,闪过;音调改变

dodge **

1. dodge dodges dodging dodged
If you dodge , you move suddenly, often to avoid being hit, caught, or seen.

- He dodged amongst the seething crowds of men.

- We dodged behind a pillar out of sight of the tourists.

VB

2. dodge dodges dodging dodged
If you dodge something, you avoid it by quickly moving aside or out of reach so that it cannot hit or reach you.

- He desperately dodged a speeding car trying to run him down.

VB
= sidestep

3. dodge dodges dodging dodged
If you dodge something, you deliberately avoid thinking about it or dealing with it, often by being deceitful.

- He boasts of dodging military service by feigning illness.

- Many struggling firms are ready to break the law by dodging tax.

VB
= evade

4. dodge dodges
Also a noun.

- This was not just a tax dodge.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

dodge

verb

1.

duck

dart

sidestep

swerve

turn aside

2.

evade

avoid

elude

get out of

shirk

noun

3.

trick

device

ploy

ruse

scheme

stratagem

subterfuge

wheeze Brit. slang

dodgem

[ˈdɔdʒim]

n.

碰碰车

dodgems

碰碰车

dodgem

dodgem dodgems
A dodgem or dodgem car is a small electric car with a wide rubber strip all round. People drive dodgems around a special area at an amusement park and sometimes crash into each other for fun. (TRADEMARK) (mainly BRIT; in AM use bumper car )
N-COUNT: usu pl

dodger

[D.J.:ˈdɔdʒə]

[K.K.:ˈdɑdʒɚ]

n.

躲闪者,欺瞒者

dodger *

dodger dodgers
A dodger is someone who avoids doing a duty or paying a charge, for example paying taxes or for train travel.

- ...tax dodgers who hide their interest earnings.

- ...a crackdown on fare dodgers.

N-COUNT: usu n N
= evader

See also draft dodger .

dodgy

[D.J.:ˈdɔdʒi:]

[K.K.:ˈdɑdʒi]

adj.

冒险的;危险的

dodgy *

1. dodgy dodgier dodgiest
If you describe someone or something as dodgy , you disapprove of them because they seem rather dishonest and unreliable. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He was a bit of a dodgy character.

- ...cash made in dodgy underworld deals.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= suspect

2. dodgy dodgier dodgiest
If you say that something is dodgy , you mean that it seems rather risky, dangerous, or unreliable. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Predicting voting trends from economic forecasts is a dodgy business.

ADJ-GRADED
= chancy

3. dodgy dodgier dodgiest
If you say that someone has a dodgy heart or knee, for example, you mean that that part of their body is not very strong or healthy. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- My heart's a bit dodgy with all those years of painkillers.

ADJ-GRADED

dodo

[D.J.:ˈdəudəu]

[K.K.:ˈdodo]

n.

古代巨鸟,渡渡鸟;〈美〉旧派的人;〈美俚〉还不能单独飞行的航校学员

dodo

1. dodo dodos or dodoes
A dodo was a very large bird that was unable to fly. Dodos are now extinct.
N-COUNT

2. dodo dodos or dodoes
If you refer to someone as a dodo , you think they are foolish or silly. (INFORMAL)

- Any dodo could put this together.

N-COUNT dispproval

doer

[D.J.:ˈdu(:)ə]

[K.K.:ˈduɚ]

n.

行为者,实干家

doer

doer doers
If you refer to someone as a doer , you mean that they do jobs promptly and efficiently, without spending a lot of time thinking about them.

- Robertson was a doer, not a thinker.

N-COUNT

doesn't *****

doesn't
Doesn't is the usual spoken form of does not .

doff

[D.J.:dɔ:f, dɔf]

[K.K.:dɔf, dɑf]

vt.

<主文>脱去;(尤指)脱帽

doffing

[ˈdɔfiŋ]

n.

下筒,落纱

doff

doff doffs doffing doffed
If you doff your hat or coat, you take it off. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- The peasants doff their hats.

VB

dog

[D.J.:dɔɡ]

[K.K.:dɔɡ, dɑɡ]

n.

公狗, 狗; 犬科动物

家伙

vt.

紧随; 纠缠

dogged

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:gɪd, ˈdɔgɪd]

[K.K.:ˈdɔɡɪd, ˈdɑɡɪd]

adj.

顽强的

doggedly

[D.J.:ˈd ɔ:gɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈd ɔɡədlɪ]

adv.

固执地;顽强地

dogging

钩卡

dog ****

1. dog dogs
A dog is a very common four-legged animal that is often kept by people as a pet or to guard or hunt. There are many different breeds of dog.

- Outside, a dog was barking.

- The dog growled again.

- The British are renowned as a nation of dog lovers.

N-COUNT

2. dog dogs
You use dog to refer to a male dog, or to the male of some related species such as wolves or foxes.

- Is this a dog or a bitch?

- ...a dog fox.

N-COUNT
≠ bitch

3. dog dogs
If someone calls a man a dog , they strongly disapprove of him.
N-COUNT disapproval

4. dog dogs
People use dog to refer to something that they consider unsatisfactory or of poor quality. (AM, INFORMAL)

- It's a real dog.

N-COUNT disapproval

5. dog dogs
If someone, especially a man, calls a woman or girl a dog , they mean that she is very ugly, unattractive, or boring. (INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)

- How can you go out with her? She's a real dog.

N-COUNT disapproval

6. dog dogs dogging dogged
If problems or injuries dog you, they are with you all the time.

- The problems that have dogged him all year are just a temporary setback.

- His career has been dogged by bad luck.

VB

7. dog dogs
The dogs is a sports meeting where dogs, especially greyhounds, race and people bet on which dog will win. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-PLURAL: the N

8. dog
You describe something as a dog's breakfast or dog's dinner in order to express your disapproval of it, for example because it is very untidy, badly organized, or badly done. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The whole place was a bit of a dog's dinner, really.

- Our own Board are going to make a dog's breakfast out of it if we aren't careful.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v disapproval
= mess

9. dog
You use dog eat dog to express your disapproval of a situation where everyone wants to succeed and is willing to harm other people in order to do so.

- It is very much dog eat dog out there.

- The TV business today is a dog-eat-dog business.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR n disapproval
= cut-throat

10. dog
If you say that something is going to the dogs , you mean that it is becoming weaker and worse in quality.

- They sit in impotent opposition while the country goes to the dogs.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

11. dog
If someone tells you to let sleeping dogs lie , they are warning you not to disturb or interfere with a situation, because you are likely to cause trouble and problems.

- Why can't she let sleeping dogs lie?

PHR: let inflects

12. dog
If you say ` You can't teach an old dog new tricks ', you are suggesting that someone is unwilling to try new ways of doing things.
PHR: dog inflects

dogged *

1. dogged
If you describe someone's actions as dogged , you mean that they are determined to continue with something even if it becomes difficult or dangerous.

- They have, through sheer dogged determination, slowly gained respect for their efforts.

- ...his dogged insistence on their rights.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= resolute persistent

2. doggedly

- She would fight doggedly for her rights as the children's mother.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. doggedness

- Most of my accomplishments came as the result of sheer doggedness rather than talent.

N-UNCOUNT

dog

noun

1.

hound

canine

cur

man's best friend

pooch slang

go to the dogs

2.

go to ruin

degenerate

deteriorate

go down the drain

go to pot

verb

3.

trouble

follow

haunt

hound

plague

pursue

track

trail

dogged

adjective Informal

determined

indefatigable

obstinate

persistent

resolute

steadfast

stubborn

tenacious

unflagging

unshakable

dog-collar

1. dog-collar dog-collars
A dog-collar is a stiff, round, white collar that fastens at the back and that is worn by Christian priests and ministers. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also dog collar .
= clerical collar

2. dog-collar dog-collars
A dog-collar is a collar worn by a dog.
N-COUNT also dog collar .

dog-eared

adj.

卷角的(书等)

dog-eared

dog-eared
A book or piece of paper that is dog-eared has been used so much that the corners of the pages are turned down or torn.

- ...dog-eared copies of ancient history books.

ADJ-GRADED

dogfight

[D.J.:ˈdɔɡfait]

[K.K.:ˈdɔɡˌfaɪt, ˈdɑɡ-]

n.

混战,空战,狗咬狗,缠斗

vi.

在空中缠斗

dogfight

1. dogfight dogfights
A dogfight is a fight between fighter planes, in which they fly close to one another and move very fast.
N-COUNT also dog fight .

2. dogfight dogfights
If you say that organizations or people are involved in a dogfight , you mean they are struggling very hard against each other in order to succeed.

- The airline emerged from its dogfight with recession yesterday looking distinctly the worse for wear.

N-COUNT: usu with supp also dog fight .

dogfish

[D.J.:ˈdɔɡˌfiʃ]

[K.K.:ˈdɔɡˌfɪʃ, ˈdɑɡ-]

n.

〈动〉角鲨, 星鲨

dogfish *

dogfish
A dogfish is a small shark. There are several kinds of dogfish.
N-COUNT dogfish is both the singular and the plural form

doggerel

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:gərəl, ˈdɔgə-]

[K.K.:ˈdɔɡərəl, ˈdɑɡə-]

n.

拙劣的诗,打油诗

doggerel

doggerel
If you refer to a poem as doggerel , you are emphasizing that you think it is very bad poetry.

- ...fragments of meaningless doggerel.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

doggie

[D.J.:ˈdɔɡi]

[K.K.:ˈdɔɡi, ˈdɑɡi]

n.

小狗,狗,汪汪

doggie

doggie doggies
Doggie is a child's word for a dog.
N-COUNT

doggie bag

doggie bag doggie bags
If you ask for a doggie bag in a restaurant, you ask for any food you have not eaten to be put into a bag for you to take home.
N-COUNT

doghouse

[D.J.:ˈdɔɡhaus]

[K.K.:ˈdɔɡˌhaʊs, ˈdɑɡ-]

n.

狗窝,犬舍

doghouse

1. doghouse doghouses
A doghouse is a small building made especially for a dog to sleep in. (AM; in BRIT use kennel )
N-COUNT also dog-house .

2. doghouse
If you are in the doghouse , people are annoyed or angry with you. (INFORMAL)

- Her husband was in the doghouse for leaving her to cope on her own.

PHR: v-link PHR also dog-house .

dogleg

[D.J.:ˈdɔɡleɡ]

[K.K.:ˈdɔɡˌlɛɡ, ˈdɑɡ-]

adj.

弯曲如狗后腿的

dogleg

dogleg doglegs
A dogleg is a sharp bend in a road or a path.
N-COUNT also dog-leg

dogma

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:gmə, ˈdɔg-]

[K.K.:ˈdɔɡmə, ˈdɑɡ-]

n.

教义,教条;信条

dogmatic

adj.

教义的,教条的;信条的

dogmatic

[D.J.:dɔ:gˈmætɪk, dɔg-]

[K.K.:dɔɡˈmætɪk, dɑɡ-]

adj.

固执己见的

教条的,武断的

dogmatically

adv.

dogma *

dogma dogmas
If you refer to a belief or a system of beliefs as a dogma , you disapprove of it because people are expected to accept that it is true, without questioning it.

- Their political dogma has blinded them to the real needs of the country.

- He stands for freeing the country from the grip of dogma.

N-VAR: usu with supp disapproval

dogma

noun

doctrine

belief

credo

creed

opinion

teachings

dogmatic *

1. dogmatic
If you say that someone is dogmatic , you are critical of them because they are convinced that they are right, and refuse to consider that other opinions might also be justified.

- Many writers at this time held rigidly dogmatic views.

- The regime is dogmatic, and no one dares to express personal opinions.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= dictatorial

2. dogmatically

- Bennett had wanted this list of books to be dogmatically imposed on the nation's universities.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

dogmatic

adjective

opinionated

arrogant

assertive

doctrinaire

emphatic

obdurate

overbearing

dogmatism

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:gməˌtɪzəm, ˈdɔg-]

[K.K.:ˈdɔɡməˌtɪzəm, ˈdɑɡ-]

n.

<贬>教条主义;独断论;武断

dogmatist

[D.J.:ˈdɔɡmətist]

[K.K.:ˈdɔɡmətɪst, ˈdɑɡ-]

n.

独断家,独断论者

dogmatism

1. dogmatism
If you refer to an opinion as dogmatism , you are criticizing it for being strongly stated without considering all the relevant facts or other people's opinions.

- We cannot allow dogmatism to stand in the way of progress.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

2. dogmatist dogmatists

- Intellectuals are becoming unhappy with dogmatists in the party leadership.

N-COUNT

do-gooder

[D.J.:du:ˈɡudə]

[K.K.:ˈduˌɡʊdɚ]

n.

不实际的社会改良家

do-gooder

do-gooder do-gooders
If you describe someone as a do-gooder , you mean that they do things which they think will help other people, although you think that they are interfering.
N-COUNT disapproval

dogsbody

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:gzˌbɔdi:, ˈdɔgz-]

[K.K.:ˈdɔɡzˌbɑdi, ˈdɑɡz-]

n.

杂役;做苦工的人

dogsbody

dogsbody dogsbodies
A dogsbody is a person who has to do all the boring jobs that nobody else wants to do. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I thought it would be glamorous but I just turned out to be a general dogsbody.

N-COUNT
= gofer

dog tag

dog tag dog tags
Dog tags are metal identification discs that are worn on a chain around the neck by members of the United States armed forces.
N-COUNT: usu pl

dog-tired

[D.J.:ˈdɔɡˈtaiəd]

[K.K.:ˈdɔɡˈtaɪrd, ˈdɑɡ-]

adj.

疲倦极的,筋疲力尽的

dog-tired

dog-tired
If you say that you are dog-tired , you are emphasizing that you are extremely tired. (INFORMAL)

- By dusk we were dog-tired and heading for home.

ADJ: v-link ADJ emphasis

dogwood

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:gˌwʊd, ˈdɔg-]

[K.K.:ˈdɔɡˌwʊd, ˈdɑɡ-]

n.

<植>水木

dogwood

dogwood dogwoods
A dogwood is a tree or bush that has groups of small white flowers surrounded by four large leaves.
N-VAR

doily

[D.J.:ˈdɔili]

[K.K.:ˈdɔɪli]

n.

小型装饰桌巾

doily

doily doilies
A doily is a small, round piece of paper or cloth that has a pattern of tiny holes in it. Doilies are put on plates under cakes and sandwiches.
N-COUNT

doings

[ˈdu:ɪŋz]

n.

行为, 举动

所需的东西

doings

doings
Someone's doings are their activities at a particular time.

- The film chronicles the everyday doings of a group of London schoolchildren.

N-PLURAL: usu with poss

do-it-yourself

[D.J.:ˈdu:itjɔ:ˈself]

[K.K.:ˌduɪtjɚˈsɛlf]

n.

自己做

adj.

自己做方式的

do-it-yourself *

1. do-it-yourself
Do-it-yourself is the same as DIY .
N-UNCOUNT

2. do-it-yourself
A do-it-yourself shop is one that sells tools, paint, and other equipment needed for DIY.

- You can buy all these tools at a do-it-yourself store.

ADJ: ADJ n
= DIY

3. do-it-yourself
Do-it-yourself things are things that you make or do yourself, rather than buying them ready-made or paying someone else to make them or do them.

- ...do-it-yourself shelving.

ADJ: ADJ n
= DIY

Dolby

Dolby
Dolby is a system which reduces the background noise on electronic cassette players. (TRADEMARK)

- ...a cassette deck equipped with Dolby noise reduction.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

doldrums

[D.J.:ˈdəʊlˌdrəmz, ˈdɔ:l-, ˈdɔl-]

[K.K.:ˈdolˌdrəmz, ˈdɔl-, ˈdɑl-]

n.

忧郁；不景气；无精打采;

in the doldrums

意气消沉；无精打采；萧条

doldrums *

doldrums
If an activity or situation is in the doldrums , it is very quiet and nothing new or exciting is happening.

- The economy is in the doldrums.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

doldrums

noun

the doldrums

inactivity

depression

dumps informal

gloom

listlessness

malaise

dole

[D.J.:dəul]

[K.K.:dol]

n.

救济物

失业救济金

dole **

1. dole
The dole is money that is given regularly by the government to people who are unemployed. (BRIT; in AM usually use welfare )
N-UNCOUNT: also the N
= benefit

2. dole
Someone who is on the dole is registered as unemployed and receives money from the government. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use on welfare )

- It's not easy living on the dole.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

dole

noun

1.

benefit

allowance

gift

grant

handout

verb

dole out

2.

give out

allocate

allot

apportion

assign

dispense

distribute

hand out

dole out **

dole out doles out; doling out; doled out
If you dole something out , you give a certain amount of it to each member of a group.

- I got out my wallet and began to dole out the money.

PHR-V

doleful

[D.J.:ˈdəʊlfəl]

[K.K.:ˈdolfəl]

adj.

令人沮丧的,悲哀的

沉闷的,阴郁的

dolefully

adv.

dolefully

[D.J.:ˈdəʊlfʊlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdolfəlɪ]

adv.

悲哀地;阴郁地

doleful

1. doleful
A doleful expression, manner, or voice is depressing and miserable.

- He stared over his glasses with a long, doleful look of disbelief.

ADJ-GRADED
= mournful

2. dolefully

- `I don't know why they left,' he said dolefully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

dole queue

dole queue dole queues
When people talk about the dole queue , they are talking about the state of being unemployed, especially when saying how many people are unemployed. (BRIT; in AM usually use unemployment line )

- Another 29,100 people have joined the dole queue.

- ...a backdrop of lengthening dole queues.

N-COUNT

doll

[D.J.:dɔl]

[K.K.:dɑl]

n.

玩偶, (玩具)娃娃

漂亮的姑娘

vt.

把…打扮漂亮

doll **

doll dolls
A doll is a child's toy which looks like a small person or baby.
N-COUNT

doll up **

1. doll up dolls up; dolling up; dolled up
If a woman dolls herself up , she puts on smart or fashionable clothes in order to try and look attractive for a particular occasion. (INFORMAL)

- We used to doll ourselves up and go into town.

PHR-V
= dress up

2. dolled up

- She was dolled up for the occasion.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

dollar

[D.J.:ˈdɔlə]

[K.K.:ˈdɑlɚ]

n.

元

一元纸[硬]币

dollar *****

1. dollar dollars
The dollar is the unit of money used in the USA, Canada, Australia, and some other countries. It is represented by the symbol $. A dollar is divided into one hundred smaller units called cents.

- She gets paid seven dollars an hour.

- The government is spending billions of dollars on new urban rail projects.

N-COUNT: usu num N

2. dollar
The dollar is also used to refer to the American currency system.

- In early trading in Tokyo, the dollar fell sharply against the yen.

N-SING: the N

3. dollar
If you pay top dollar for something, you pay a lot of money for it. (INFORMAL)

- Japanese investors once paid top dollar for the most glamorous hotels and office buildings in the United States.

PHR

dollop

[D.J.:ˈdɔləp]

[K.K.:ˈdɑləp]

n.

块,团

dollop

dollop dollops
A dollop of soft or sticky food is a large spoonful of it. (INFORMAL)

- ...a dollop of cream.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

dollop

noun Brit. & Austral. informal

lump

helping

portion

scoop

serving

doll's house

doll's house doll's houses
A doll's house is a toy in the form of a small house, which contains tiny dolls and furniture for children to play with.
N-COUNT (AM) dollhouse

dolly

[D.J.:ˈdɔli]

[K.K.:ˈdɑli]

n.

玩具娃娃

台车, 摄影机手推车

dolly *

dolly dollies
A dolly is a child's word for a doll.
N-COUNT

dolphin

[D.J.:ˈdɔlfin]

[K.K.:ˈdɑlfɪn, ˈdɔl-]

n.

海豚

dolphin **

dolphin dolphins
A dolphin is a mammal which lives in the sea and looks like a large fish with a pointed mouth.
N-COUNT

dolt

[D.J.:dəʊlt]

[K.K.:dolt]

n.

笨蛋,傻瓜

doltish

adj.

doltish

[D.J.:ˈdəʊltɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈdoltɪʃ]

adj.

愚蠢的

dolt

dolt dolts
If you call someone a dolt , you think they are stupid, or have done something stupid. (INFORMAL)

- He's a first-class dolt who insists on doing things his way.

N-COUNT disapproval
= idiot

dolt

noun

idiot

ass

blockhead

chump informal

clot Brit. informal

dope informal

dunce

fool

oaf

domain

[D.J.:dəuˈmein]

[K.K.:doˈmen]

n.

范围, 领域

版图, 领土

地产, 产业

domain *

1. domain domains
A domain is a particular field of thought, activity, or interest, especially one over which someone has control, influence, or rights. (FORMAL)

- ...the great experimenters in the domain of art...

- This information should be in the public domain.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. domain domains
Someone's domain is the area they own or have control over. (LITERARY)

- ...the mighty king's domain.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

3. domain domains
On the Internet, a domain is a set of addresses that shows, for example, the category or geographical area that an Internet address belongs to.
N-COUNT

dome

[D.J.:dəum]

[K.K.:dom]

n.

圆屋顶

像圆屋顶一样的东西

domes

拱形结构

dome **

1. dome domes
A dome is a round roof.

- ...the dome of St Paul's cathedral.

N-COUNT

2. dome domes
A dome is any object that has a similar shape to a dome.

- ...the dome of the hill.

N-COUNT

domed

adj.

有穹顶的;半球形的

domed

domed
Something that is domed is in the shape of a dome.

- ...the great hall with its domed ceiling.

ADJ

domestic

[D.J.:dəˈmestik]

[K.K.:dəˈmɛstɪk]

adj.

本国的, 国内的

家庭的, 家用的

驯养的

domestically

adv.

家庭式地,合乎国内地

domestic ****

1. domestic
Domestic political activities, events, and situations happen or exist within one particular country.

- ...over 100 domestic flights a day to 15 UK destinations.

- ...sales in the domestic market.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= home ≠ foreign

See also gross domestic product .

2. domestically

- Opportunities will improve as the company expands domestically and internationally.

- Domestically, he's going to make some compromises that he doesn't want to make.

ADV: ADV after v, ADV -ed/adj, ADV with cl

3. domestic
Domestic duties and activities are concerned with the running of a home and family.

- ...a plan for sharing domestic chores.

ADJ: ADJ n
= household

4. domestic
Domestic items and services are intended to be used in people's homes rather than in factories or offices.

- ...domestic appliances.

ADJ: ADJ n
= household ≠ industrial

5. domestic
A domestic situation or atmosphere is one which involves a family and their home.

- It was a scene of such domestic bliss.

- I was called out to attend a domestic dispute.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

6. domestic
Someone who is domestic enjoys being at home and running a family.

- She was kind and domestic and put her family before her part-time job.

ADJ-GRADED

7. domestic
A domestic animal is one that is not wild and is kept either on a farm to produce food or in someone's home as a pet.

- ...a domestic cat.

ADJ
≠ wild

8. domestic domestics
A domestic , a domestic help , or a domestic worker is a person who is paid to come to help with the work that has to be done in a house such as the cleaning, washing, and ironing.
N-COUNT

domestic

adjective

1.

home

family

household

private

2.

home-loving

domesticated

homely

housewifely

stay-at-home

3.

domesticated

house-trained

pet

tame

trained

4.

native

indigenous

internal

noun

5.

servant

char informal

charwoman

daily

help

maid

domesticate

[D.J.:dəˈmestɪˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:dəˈmɛstɪˌket]

vt.

驯化

domesticated

[D.J.:dəʊˈmestɪkeɪtɪd]

[K.K.: dəˈmɛstəˌketɪd]

adj.

喜欢家庭生活的

(指动物)被驯养了的

domestication

[D.J.:dəˌmestɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:dəˌm ɛstəˈkeʃən]

n.

驯养;驯化

domesticate *

1. domesticate domesticates domesticating domesticated
When people domesticate wild animals or plants, they bring them under control and use them to produce food or as pets.

- Presumably, we domesticated the dog to help us with our hunting.

- ...sheep, cattle, horses, and other domesticated animals.

VB
= tame

2. domestication

- Sheep are particularly well suited for domestication.

N-UNCOUNT

domesticated

domesticated
Someone who is domesticated willingly does household tasks such as cleaning.

- I'm very domesticated and organised in a way that Mum definitely isn't.

ADJ-GRADED

domesticity

[D.J.:ˌdəʊmeˈstɪsɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌdomɛˈstɪsɪti]

n.

家庭生活

domesticity

domesticity
Domesticity is the state of being at home with your family.

- ...a small rebellion against routine and cosy domesticity.

N-UNCOUNT

domestic science

domestic science
In British schools, domestic science was the name used to refer to the subject which involved cookery, sewing, and other household skills. The subject is now referred to as home economics , which is also the usual American term.
N-UNCOUNT

domestic violence

domestic violence
Domestic violence is violence that takes place in the home, especially between a husband and wife.

- Women are still the main victims of domestic violence.

N-UNCOUNT

domicile

[D.J.:ˈdɔmisail]

[K.K.:ˈdɑmɪˌsaɪl, -səl, ˈdomɪ-]

n.

住处

永久住处

vt.

定居

domicile

domicile domiciles
Your domicile is the place where you live. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT: oft with poss
= abode

domiciled

[ˈdɔmisaild]

adj.

指定支付地点的,定居的

domiciled

domiciled
If you are domiciled in a particular place, you live there. (FORMAL)

- Frank is currently domiciled in Berlin.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ in n

dominance

[D.J.:ˈdɔmənəns]

[K.K.:ˈdɑmənəns]

n.

优势;支配地位;控制力

dominance *

dominance
The dominance of a particular person or thing is the fact that they are more powerful, successful, or important than other people or things.

- The latest fighting appears to be an attempt by each group to establish dominance over the other.

- These economies will no doubt maintain their dominance of financial markets.

- Legislation is the only route to ending the car's dominance as a form of transport.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of/over n
= supremacy

dominant

[D.J.:ˈdɔminənt]

[K.K.:ˈdɑmənənt]

adj.

占优势的

统治的, 支配的

高耸的; 突出的

dominant **

1. dominant
Someone or something that is dominant is more powerful, successful, influential, or noticeable than other people or things.

- ...a change which would maintain his party's dominant position in Scotland...

- She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.

ADJ-GRADED
= pre-eminent

2. dominant
A dominant gene is one that produces a particular characteristic, whether a person has only one of these genes from one parent, or two genes, one from each parent. Compare recessive . (TECHNICAL)

- Because it is carried by a dominant gene, an affected individual can expect about half of his or her children to inherit the illness.

ADJ-UNGRADED: usu ADJ n

dominant

adjective

1.

controlling

assertive

authoritative

commanding

governing

ruling

superior

supreme

2.

main

chief

predominant

pre-eminent

primary

principal

prominent

dominate

[D.J.:ˈdɔmineit]

[K.K.:ˈdɑməˌnet]

vt. & vi.

控制, 支配, 统治

在…中占首要地位

vt.

耸立于, 俯临

dominated

[D.J.:ˈdɔmɪneɪtɪd]

adj.

受控的

dominating

[D.J.:ˈdɔmɪneɪtɪŋ]

adj.

有领导作风的

统治的, 独裁的

domination

[D.J.:ˌdɔməˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdɑməˈneʃən]

n.

控制;统治

dominate ****

1. dominate dominates dominating dominated
To dominate a situation means to be the most powerful or important person or thing in it.

- The book is expected to dominate the best-seller lists.

- ...countries where life is dominated by war...

- No single factor appears to dominate.

VB

2. domination

- ...the domination of the market by a small number of organizations.

N-UNCOUNT

3. dominate dominates dominating dominated
If one country or person dominates another, they have power over them.

- He denied that his country wants to dominate Europe.

- Women are no longer dominated by the men in their relationships.

- The countries of Eastern Europe immediately started to dominate.

VB

4. domination

- They had five centuries of domination by the Romans.

N-UNCOUNT

5. dominate dominates dominating dominated
If a building, mountain, or other object dominates an area, it is so large or impressive that you cannot avoid seeing it.

- It's one of the biggest buildings in this area, and it really dominates this whole place.

- ...its skyline dominated by the central mosque.

VB
= overshadow

dominating

dominating
A dominating person has a very strong personality and influences the people around them.

- She certainly was a dominating figure, a leader who gave her name to a political philosophy.

- The boy was brought up by his mother, who was a dominating influence in his life.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= commanding

dominate

verb

1.

control

direct

govern

have the whip hand over

monopolize

rule

tyrannize

2.

tower above

loom over

overlook

stand head and shoulders above

stand over

survey

domination

noun

control

ascendancy

authority

command

influence

power

rule

superiority

supremacy

domineering

[D.J.:ˌdɔməˈnɪərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˌdɑməˈnɪrɪŋ]

adj.

刚愎自用、喜欢支配别人的

domineering

domineering
If you say that someone is domineering , you disapprove of them because you feel that they try to control other people without any consideration for their feelings or opinions.

- Mick was stubborn and domineering with a very bad temper.

- She is not a domineering mother.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= overbearing

domineering

adjective

overbearing

arrogant

authoritarian

bossy informal

dictatorial

high-handed

imperious

oppressive

tyrannical

dominion

[D.J.:dəˈminjən]

[K.K.:dəˈmɪnjən]

n.

统治权

领土, 疆土, 版图

dominion *

1. dominion
Dominion is control or authority. (FORMAL)

- They truly believe they have dominion over us.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N over n

2. dominion dominions
A dominion is an area of land that is controlled by a ruler.

- The Republic is a dominion of the Brazilian people.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

3. dominion dominions
The Dominions were the nations which in the past were part of the British Empire but which had their own government.
N-COUNT

dominion

noun

1.

control

authority

command

jurisdiction

power

rule

sovereignty

supremacy

2.

kingdom

country

domain

empire

realm

territory

domino

[D.J.:ˈdɔməˌnəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈdɑməˌno]

n.

多米诺骨牌

dominoes

多米诺

domino *

1. domino dominoes
Dominoes are small rectangular blocks marked with two groups of spots on one side. They are used for playing various games.
N-COUNT

2. domino
Dominoes is a game in which players put dominoes onto a table in turn.
N-UNCOUNT

domino effect

domino effect
If one event causes another similar event, which in turn causes another event, and so on, you can refer to this as a domino effect .

- The timetable for trains is so tight that if one is a bit late, the domino effect is enormous.

N-SING
= knock on effect

don

[D.J.:dɔn]

[K.K.:dɑn]

n.

大学教师;(牛津、剑桥大学的)导师;特别研究员

vt.

穿上, 披上

donning

[ˈdɔniŋ]

n.

插筒管

don

1. don dons donning donned
If you don clothing, you put it on. (WRITTEN)

- The crowd threw petrol bombs at the police, who responded by donning riot gear.

VB

2. don dons
A don is a lecturer at Oxford or Cambridge University in England.
N-COUNT

3. don dons
Lecturers from any university are sometimes referred to as dons . (BRIT)
N-COUNT

don

verb

put on

clothe oneself in

dress in

get into

pull on

slip on or into

donate

[D.J.:dəuˈneit]

[K.K.:ˈdoˌnet, doˈnet]

vt. & vi.

捐赠, 赠送

donation

[D.J.:dəuˈneiʃən]

[K.K.:doˈneʃən]

n.

捐赠, 赠送

捐款, 捐赠物

donate **

1. donate donates donating donated
If you donate something to a charity or other organization, you give it to them.

- He frequently donates large sums to charity.

- Others donated secondhand clothes.

- The silver trophy was donated by a Leicester businessman.

VB

2. donation

- ...the donation of his collection to the art gallery.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. donate donates donating donated
If you donate your blood or a part of your body, you allow doctors to use it to help someone who is ill.

- ...people who are willing to donate their organs for use after death...

- All donated blood is screened for HIV.

VB

4. donation

- ...measures aimed at encouraging organ donation.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

donation **

donation donations
A donation is something which someone gives to a charity or other organization.

- Employees make regular donations to charity.

- Charities appealed for donations of food and clothing for victims of the hurricane.

N-COUNT: oft N to/of/from n
= gift

See also donate .

donate

verb

give

contribute

make a gift of

present

subscribe

donation

noun

contribution

gift

grant

hand-out

offering

present

subscription

Don Juan

Don Juan Don Juans
If you describe a man as a Don Juan , you mean he has had sex with many women.
N-COUNT

donkey

[D.J.:ˈdɔŋki]

[K.K.:ˈdɑŋki, ˈdʌŋ-, ˈdɔŋ-]

n.

驴

donkey *

1. donkey donkeys
A donkey is an animal which is like a horse but which is smaller and has longer ears.
N-COUNT
= ass

2. donkey
For donkey's years means for a very long time. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I've been a vegetarian for donkey's years.

- ...old iron mines that haven't been used in donkey's years.

PHR: prep PHR emphasis
= ages

donkey jacket

donkey jacket donkey jackets
A donkey jacket is a thick, warm jacket, usually dark blue with a strip across the shoulders at the back. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

donkey work

donkey work
If you do the donkey work , you do the hard work or the less interesting part of the work that needs to be done. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-SING: usu the N

donnish

[D.J.:ˈdɔniʃ]

[K.K.:ˈdɑnɪʃ]

adj.

像大学宿舍的学监一样的,装模作样的

donnish

donnish
If you describe a man as donnish , you think he is rather serious and intellectual. (mainly BRIT)

- He is precise and mildly donnish in manner.

ADJ-GRADED

donor

[D.J.:ˈdəʊnə]

[K.K.:ˈdonɚ]

n.

捐赠者,赠与者

donor **

1. donor donors
A donor is someone who gives a part of their body or some of their blood to be used by doctors to help a person who is ill.

- Doctors removed the healthy kidney from the donor.

N-COUNT: oft n N

2. donor
Donor organs or parts are organs or parts of the body which people allow doctors to use to help people who are ill.
ADJ: ADJ n

3. donor donors
A donor is a person or organization who gives something, especially money, to a charity, organization, or country that needs it.

- Donor countries are becoming more choosy about which countries they are prepared to help.

N-COUNT

donor

noun

giver

benefactor

contributor

donator

philanthropist

donor card

donor card donor cards
A donor card is a card which people carry in order to make sure that, when they die, their organs are used by doctors to help people who are ill.
N-COUNT

don't

[D.J.:dəunt]

[K.K.:dont]

n.

不要;禁忌

don't

don't
Don't is the usual spoken form of do not .

doodad

[D.J.:ˈdu:dæd]

[K.K.:ˈduˌdæd]

n.

便宜货,新出品,小摆设

doodad

doodad doodads
A doodad is the same as a doodah . (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

doodah

[ˈdu:də]

n.

〈俚〉激动,惊慌

doodah

doodah doodahs
You can refer to something, especially an electronic device, as a doodah when you do not know exactly what is called. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The car has all the latest electronic doodahs.

N-COUNT

doodle

[D.J.:ˈdu:dl]

[K.K.:ˈdudl]

vi.

心不在焉地乱写乱画

n.

乱写乱画(出的东西)

doodling

n.

乱写之物,乱画之物

doodle

1. doodle doodles
A doodle is a pattern or picture that you draw when you are bored or thinking about something else.
N-COUNT

2. doodle doodles doodling doodled
When someone doodles , they draw doodles.

- He looked across at Jackson, doodling on his notebook.

VB

doom

[D.J.:du:m]

[K.K.:dum]

vt.

注定; 判定

n.

厄运, 劫数

doomed

[D.J.:du:md]

adj.

命中注定的;难逃一死的

doom *

1. doom
Doom is a terrible future state or event which you cannot prevent.

- ...his warnings of impending doom.

- ...a wicked mermaid who lured sailors to their doom.

N-UNCOUNT
= fate

2. doom
If you have a sense or feeling of doom , you feel that things are going very badly and are likely to get even worse.

- Why are people so full of gloom and doom?.

- Attendance figures had been steadily dropping, creating a mood of doom and discouragement among theatre directors.

N-UNCOUNT

3. doom dooms dooming doomed
If a fact or event dooms someone or something to a particular fate, it makes certain that they are going to suffer in some way.

- That argument was the turning point for their marriage, and the one which doomed it to failure.

VB
= condemn

doomed **

1. doomed
If something is doomed to happen, or if you are doomed to a particular state, something unpleasant is certain to happen, and you can do nothing to prevent it.

- Their plans seemed doomed to failure.

- He knew that if he lived, he would be doomed to spend the war as a prisoner.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, ADJ to n, ADJ to-inf

2. doomed
Someone or something that is doomed is certain to fail or be destroyed.

- Fireman battled through the smoke in a doomed attempt to rescue the children.

- I used to pour time and energy into projects that were doomed from the start.

ADJ
= hopeless

doom

noun

1.

destruction

catastrophe

downfall

fate

fortune

ruin

verb

2.

condemn

consign

damn

destine

sentence

doomed

adjective

condemned

bewitched

cursed

fated

hopeless

ill-fated

ill-omened

luckless

star-crossed

doomsday

[D.J.:ˈdu:mzdei]

[K.K.:ˈdumzˌde]

n.

世界末日

doomsday

1. doomsday
Doomsday is a day or time when you expect something terrible or unpleasant is going to happen.

- ...the doomsday scenario of civil war between the two factions.

N-UNCOUNT

2. doomsday
In the Christian religion, Doomsday is the last day of the world, on which God will judge everyone.
N-PROPER

door

[D.J.:dɔ:]

[K.K.:dɔr, dor]

n.

门

一家[户]; 一栋房屋

出入口, 门口

door *****

1. door doors
A door is a piece of wood, glass, or metal, which is moved to open and close the entrance to a building, room, cupboard, or vehicle.

- I was knocking at the front door there was no answer.

- The policeman opened the door and looked in.

- I heard a door slamming.

N-COUNT

2. door doors
A door is the space in a wall when a door is open.

- She looked through the door of the kitchen. Her daughter was at the stove.

N-COUNT
= doorway

3. door doors
The door is the entrance to a large building such as a shop, hotel, or theatre.

- He entered Harrods by the main door.

- The queues at the door wound around the building.

N-COUNT
= entrance

4. door doors
Doors is used in expressions such as a few doors down or three doors up to refer to a place that is a particular number of buildings away from where you are. (INFORMAL)

- Mrs Cade's house was only a few doors down from her daughter's apartment.

N-PLURAL: amount N down/up

5. door
When you answer the door , you go and open the door because a visitor has knocked on it or rung the bell.

- Carol answered the door as soon as I knocked.

PHR: V inflects

6. door
If you say that someone gets or does something by the back door or through the back door , you are criticizing them for doing it secretly and unofficially.

- The government would not allow anyone to sneak in by the back door and seize power by force.

- They claim the Government is privatising dentistry through the back door.

PHR: PHR after v disapproval
= sneakily

7. door
If someone closes the door on something, they stop thinking about it or dealing with it.

- We never close the door on a successful series.

PHR: V inflects: PHR n

8. door
If people have talks and discussions behind closed doors , they have them in private because they want them to be kept secret.

- ...decisions taken in secret behind closed doors.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n
= in private

9. door
If someone goes from door to door or goes door to door , they go along a street calling at each house in turn, for example selling something.

- They are going from door to door collecting money from civilians.

- ...a door-to-door salesman...

- Police immediately started door-to-door inquiries.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n

10. door
If you talk about a distance or journey from door to door or door to door , you are talking about the distance from the place where the journey starts to the place where it finishes.

- ...tickets covering the whole journey from door to door...

- Flying out on Friday from Gatwick it took seven hours door-to-door.

PHR

11. door
If you say that something helps someone to get their foot in the door or their toe in the door , you mean that it gives them an opportunity to start doing something new, usually in an area that is difficult to succeed in.

- The bondholding may help the firm get its foot in the door to win the business.

- The Philips deal also gives Sparc a foot in the door of a new market -- consumer electronics.

PHR: N inflects, PHR after v

12. door
If someone shuts the door in your face or slams the door in your face , they refuse to talk to you or give you any information.

- Did you say anything to him or just shut the door in his face?

PHR: V inflects

13. door
If you lay something at someone's door , you blame them for an unpleasant event or situation.

- I'm not sure his death can be laid at medicine's door alone.

- The blame is generally laid at the door of the government.

PHR: V inflects

14. door
If someone or something opens the door to a good new idea or situation, they introduce it or make it possible.

- This book opens the door to some of the most exciting findings in solid-state physics.

- Researchers are pushing back the frontiers and opening doors to reveal why things happen and how things work.

PHR: V and N inflect, oft PHR to n

15. door
When you are out of doors , you are not inside a building, but in the open air.

- The weather was fine enough for working out of doors.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR
= outdoors

16. door
If you see someone to the door , you go to the door with a visitor when they leave.
PHR: V inflects

17. door
If someone shows you the door , they ask you to leave because they are angry with you.

- Would they forgive and forget -- or show him the door?

PHR: V inflects

door

noun

opening

doorway

entrance

entry

exit

doorbell

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:ˌbel, ˈdəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈdɔrˌbɛl, ˈdor-]

n.

门铃

doorbell *

doorbell doorbells
A doorbell is a bell on the outside of a house which you can ring so that the people inside know that you want to see them.
N-COUNT

doorkeeper

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:ˌki:pə, ˈdəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈdɔrˌkipɚ, ˈdor-]

n.

看门人

doorkeeper

doorkeeper doorkeepers
A doorkeeper is a person whose job is to stand at the door of a building such as a hotel and help people who are going in or out.
N-COUNT

doorknob

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:ˌnɔb, ˈdəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈdɔrˌnɑb, ˈdor-]

n.

球形门拉手

doorknob

doorknob doorknobs
A doorknob is a round handle on a door.
N-COUNT

doorman

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:ˌmæn, -mən, ˈdəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈdɔrˌmæn, -mən, ˈdor-]

n.

门卫,门童

doorman

doorman doormen
A doorman is a person whose job is to stay by the main entrance of a large building, and help people visiting the building.
N-COUNT

doormat

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:mæt]

[K.K.:ˈdɔrˌmæt, ˈdor-]

n.

门前地垫

doormat

1. doormat doormats
A doormat is a mat by a door which people can wipe their shoes on when they enter a house or building.
N-COUNT

2. doormat doormats
If you say that someone is a doormat , you are criticizing them because they let other people treat them badly, and do not complain or defend themselves when they are being treated unfairly. (INFORMAL)

- If you always give in to others you will end up feeling like a doormat.

N-COUNT disapproval

doorstep

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:ˌstep, ˈdəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈdɔrˌstɛp, ˈdor-]

n.

门阶

doorstep *

1. doorstep doorsteps
A doorstep is a step in front of a door on the outside of a building.
N-COUNT

2. doorstep doorsteps doorstepping doorstepped
When journalists doorstep someone, they go to their home and try to get an interview or photographs, even when the person does not want to talk to them. (BRIT)

- The newspaper contacted his grandmother to trace his present address, and later doorstepped him at his home.

VB disapproval

3. doorstep
If a place is on your doorstep , it is very near to where you live. If something happens on your doorstep , it happens very close to where you live.

- It is all too easy to lose sight of what is happening on our own doorstep.

- They have to put up with a giant oil refinery right on their doorstep.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v
≠ far off

doorstop

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:stɔp]

[K.K.:ˈdɔrˌstɑp, ˈdor-]

n.

制止门过开之物(如钩环)

doorstop

doorstop doorstops
A doorstop is a heavy object that you use to keep a door open.
N-COUNT

doorway

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:ˌweɪ, ˈdəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈdɔrˌwe, ˈdor-]

n.

门口;门道

doorway **

1. doorway doorways
A doorway is a space in a wall where a door opens and closes.

- Hannah looked up to see David and another man standing in the doorway.

- We were escorted through a low doorway.

N-COUNT

2. doorway doorways
A doorway is a covered space just outside the door of a building.

- ...homeless people sleeping in shop doorways.

N-COUNT

dope

[D.J.:dəʊp]

[K.K.:dop]

n.

涂料,涂布油

有害药物,麻醉药

vt.

用麻醉药使无知觉;给…服麻醉药

doped

[dəupt]

adj.

掺杂质的

doping

[D.J.:ˈdəupiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdopɪŋ]

n.

(半导体)掺杂(质),加添加剂[填料]

dope *

1. dope
Dope is a drug, usually an illegal drug such as marijuana or cocaine. (INFORMAL)

- A man asked them if they wanted to buy some dope.

- He has failed a dope test for cocaine.

- You get dope dealers on every corner.

N-UNCOUNT
= drug

2. dope dopes doping doped
If someone dopes a person or animal or dopes their food, they put drugs into their food or force them to take drugs.

- Anyone could have got in and doped the wine.

- I'd been doped with Somnolin.

- They've got him doped to the eyeballs.

- ...recent cases of horse doping.

VB
= drug

3. dope dopes
If someone calls a person a dope , they think that the person is stupid. (INFORMAL)

- I'm more comfortable with them. I don't feel I'm such a dope.

N-COUNT disapproval
= idiot

4. dope
Dope is information which you have been given illegally or secretly. (INFORMAL)

- The government had plenty of dope on him.

N-UNCOUNT
= lowdown

dope

noun

1.

drug

narcotic

opiate

2.

idiot

dimwit informal

dunce

fool

nitwit informal

numbskull or numskull

simpleton

twit informal chiefly Brit.

verb

3.

drug

anaesthetize

knock out

narcotize

sedate

stupefy

doped up

doped up
If someone is doped up , they are in a state where they cannot think clearly because they are under the influence of drugs. (INFORMAL)

- `How do you feel.' --- `A bit doped-up, but okay.'.

- The girl lay on an army cot, all doped up with Valium.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

dopey

[D.J.:ˈdəupi]

[K.K.:ˈdopi]

adj.

被麻醉的,笨的,迟钝的

dopey

1. dopey
Someone who is dopey is sleepy, as though they have been drugged.

- The medicine always made him feel dopey and unable to concentrate.

ADJ-GRADED
= groggy

2. dopey
If you describe someone as dopey , you mean that they are rather stupid. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= dozy

dork

[D.J.:dɔ:k]

[K.K.:dɔrk]

n.

〈俚〉笨伯，呆子

dork

dork dorks
If you say that someone is a dork , you think they dress badly in old-fashioned clothes and behave very awkwardly in social situations. (AM, INFORMAL)

- ...their unshakeable conviction that family holidays were strictly for dorks.

N-COUNT disapproval
= nerd

dorm

[D.J.:dɔ:m]

[K.K.:dɔrm]

n.

宿舍

dorm

dorm dorms
A dorm is the same as a dormitory . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

dormancy

[ˈdɔ:mənsi]

n.

睡眠,冬眠,隐匿

dormant

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:mənt]

[K.K.:ˈdɔrmənt]

adj.

潜伏的,蛰服的,休眠的

dormant *

1. dormant
Something that is dormant is not active, growing, or being used at the present time but is capable of becoming active later on.

- ...when the long dormant volcano of Mount St Helens erupted in 1980...

- The virus remains dormant in nerve tissue until activated.

- The United Nations is resuming a diplomatic effort that has lain dormant for almost two decades.

ADJ

2. dormancy

- During dormancy the plants must be kept very dry.

N-UNCOUNT

dormant

adjective Informal

inactive

asleep

hibernating

inert

inoperative

latent

sleeping

slumbering

suspended

dormer

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:mə]

[K.K.:ˈdɔrmɚ]

n.

屋顶窗

dormer

dormer dormers
A dormer or dormer window is a window that is built upright in a sloping roof.
N-COUNT

dormitory

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:mitri]

[K.K.:ˈdɔrmɪˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

n.

集体宿舍

dormitory *

1. dormitory dormitories
A dormitory is a large bedroom where several people sleep, for example in a boarding school.

- ...the boys' dormitory...

- The latest refugees were housed in makeshift dormitories.

N-COUNT

2. dormitory dormitories
A dormitory is a building in a college or university where students live. (AM; in BRIT use hall of residence )

- She lived in a college dormitory.

N-COUNT
= dorm

3. dormitory
If you refer to a place as a dormitory suburb or town, you mean that most of the people who live there travel to work in another, larger town a short distance away. (BRIT)

- It had become almost a dormitory suburb of the city.

ADJ: ADJ n

dormice

[ˈdɔ:mais]

n.

睡鼠

dormouse

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:maus]

[K.K.:ˈdɔrˌmaʊs]

n.

冬眠鼠,睡鼠

dormouse

dormouse dormice
A dormouse is a small animal that looks like a mouse. It is found in southern England and Wales.
N-COUNT

dorsal

[D.J.:ˈdɔ:səl]

[K.K.:ˈdɔrsəl]

adj.

背的, 脊的;背部的,背面的

dorsal

dorsal
Dorsal means relating to the back of a fish or animal. (TECHNICAL)

- ...a dolphin's dorsal fin.

ADJ: ADJ n

dosage

[D.J.:ˈdəʊsɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈdosɪdʒ]

n.

(按剂量的)给药

dosage *

dosage dosages
A dosage is the amount of a medicine or drug that someone takes or should take.

- He was put on a high dosage of vitamin C.

N-COUNT

dose

[D.J.:dəus]

[K.K.:dos]

n.

(一次)剂量, 一剂, 一份

一场, 一次, 一回

vt.

给…服药

dosing

[ˈdəusiŋ]

n.

定量给料

dose **

1. dose doses
A dose of medicine or a drug is a measured amount of it which is intended to be taken at one time.

- One dose of penicillin can wipe out the infection.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. dose doses
You can refer to an amount of something as a dose of that thing, especially when you want to emphasize that there is a great deal of it.

- She was born with a healthy dose of self-confidence.

- The West is getting a heavy dose of snow and rain today.

N-COUNT: usu adj N of n emphasis

3. dose doses dosing dosed
If you dose a person or animal with medicine, you give them an amount of it.

- The doctor fixed the rib, dosed him heavily with drugs, and said he would probably get better.

- I dosed myself with quinine.

VB

4. dose up; doses up; dosing up; dosed up
Dose up means the same as dose .

- I dosed him up with Valium.

PHR-V

dose

noun

quantity

dosage

draught

measure

portion

potion

prescription

dosh

[dɔʃ]

n.

〈英〉〈俚〉钱

dosh

dosh
Dosh is money. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...a chap who'd made lots of dosh.

N-UNCOUNT

doss

[D.J.:dɔs]

[K.K.:dɑs]

n.

睡床,床铺,睡眠,〈英俚〉卧处(尤指小客栈的)

vi.

睡卧

doss

1. doss dosses dossing dossed
If someone dosses somewhere, they sleep in a place which is uncomfortable, usually because they have nowhere else to live. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Increasing numbers of young people dossing in the streets of our great cities also bears witness to much grave family distress.

VB

2. doss down; dosses down; dossing down; dossed down
Doss down means the same as doss .

- When we had eaten, we dossed down in the lounge.

PHR-V

dosser

[ˈdɔsə]

n.

背筐,驮筐

dosser

dosser dossers
A dosser is a city person who does not have a permanent home and sleeps in the streets or in very cheap hotels. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

doss-house

n.

〈俚〉廉价客栈

doss-house

doss-house doss-houses
A doss-house is a kind of cheap hotel in a city for people who have no home and very little money. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use flophouse )
N-COUNT also doss house .

dossier

[D.J.:ˈdɔsi:ˌeɪ, ˈdɔ:si:ˌeɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdɑsiˌe, ˈdɔsiˌe]

n.

(有关某人或某事等的)档案材料

dossier *

dossier dossiers
A dossier is a collection of papers containing information on a particular event, or on a person such as a criminal or a spy.

- The company is compiling a dossier of evidence to back its allegations.

- The government kept dossiers on thousands of its citizens.

N-COUNT: oft N of/on n

dost

[D.J.:dʌst]

[K.K.:dʌst]

v.

〈古〉do的第二人称单数现在式

dost

dost
Dost is an old-fashioned second person singular form of the verb `do'.

dot

[D.J.:dɔt]

[K.K.:dɑt]

n.

点, 小圆点

vt.

以小圆点标出

分布各处

打, 击(某人)

dots

刮灰平面标点

dotted

[ˈdɔtid]

adj.

有点的,星罗棋布的

dot **

1. dot dots
A dot is a very small round mark, for example one that is used as the top part of the letter `i', as a full stop, or as a decimal point.
N-COUNT

2. dot dots
You can refer to something that you can see in the distance and that looks like a small round mark as a dot .

- Soon they were only dots above the hard line of the horizon.

N-COUNT
= speck spot

3. dot dots dotting dotted
When things dot a place or an area, they are scattered or spread all over it.

- Small coastal towns dot the landscape.

VB

4. dot
If you arrive somewhere or do something on the dot , you arrive there or do it at exactly the time that you were supposed to.

- They appeared on the dot of 9.50 pm as always.

- At nine o' clock on the dot, they have breakfast.

PHR
= punctually

5. dot
If you say that someone dots the i's and crosses the t's , you mean that they pay great attention to every small detail in a task; often used to express your annoyance because such detailed work seems unnecessary and takes a very long time.
PHR: Vs inflect

6. dot
The year dot is used to mean a very long time ago. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- You've wanted to be a barrister since the year dot.

PHR

dotted *

1. dotted
If you sign on the dotted line , you formally agree to something by signing an official document.

- Cut along the dotted line.

- Once you sign on the dotted line you are committed to that property.

PHR: V inflects

2. dotted
If a place or object is dotted with things, it has many of those things scattered over its surface.

- The maps were dotted with the names of small towns.

- ...a pond that's dotted with water lilies.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with n

3. dotted
If things are dotted around a place, they can be found in many different parts of that place.

- Many pieces of sculpture are dotted around the house.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep
= scattered

4. dotted
You use dotted to describe something that is covered with large dots.

- ...a dotted bow tie.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

dot

noun

1.

spot

fleck

jot

mark

point

speck

speckle

on the dot

2.

on time

exactly

on the button informal

precisely

promptly

punctually

to the minute

verb

3.

spot

dab

dabble

fleck

speckle

sprinkle

stipple

stud

dotage

[D.J.:ˈdəʊtɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈdotɪdʒ]

n.

老年糊涂

be in your dotage

年老昏聩；年老糊涂

dotage

dotage
If someone is in their dotage , they are very old and becoming weak.

- Even in his dotage, the Professor still sits on the committee.

- ...spending his dotage in a riverside cottage.

N-UNCOUNT: usu poss N

dotage

noun

senility

decrepitude

feebleness

imbecility

old age

second childhood

weakness

dot-com

dot-com dot-coms
A dot-com is a company that does all or most of its business on the Internet.

- In 1999, dot-coms spent more than $1 billion on TV spots.

- ...a dot-com company.

N-COUNT also dot com

dote

[D.J.:dəʊt]

[K.K.:dot]

vi.

dote on/upon

溺爱;宠爱,过分地喜爱

doting

[D.J.:ˈdəʊtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdotɪŋ]

adj.

老糊涂的

溺爱的，偏爱的

dote

dote dotes doting doted
If you say that someone dotes on a person or a thing, you mean that they love or care about them very much and ignore any faults they may have.

- He dotes on his nine-year-old son.

VB
= adore

doting

doting
If you say that someone is, for example, a doting mother, husband, or friend, you mean that they show a lot of love for someone.

- His doting parents bought him his first racing bike at 13.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= adoring

doting

adjective

adoring

devoted

fond

foolish

indulgent

lovesick

doth

[D.J.:dʌθ]

[K.K.:dʌθ]

v.

do的第三人称单数现在式

doth

doth
Doth is an old-fashioned third person singular form of the verb `do'.

dot matrix printer

dot matrix printer dot matrix printers
A dot matrix printer is a computer printer using a device with a series of dots or pins stamped onto it to produce words and numbers.
N-COUNT

dotty

[D.J.:ˈdɔti]

[K.K.:ˈdɑti]

adj.

多点的,薄弱的,精神不定的

dotty

dotty dottier dottiest
If you say that someone is dotty , you mean that they are slightly mad or likely to do strange things. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She was obviously going a bit dotty.

ADJ-GRADED
= eccentric

double

[D.J.:ˈdʌbl]

[K.K.:ˈdʌbəl]

adj.

双的, 双重的

供两人用的, 双人的

两面派的, 虚伪的

n.

两倍, 双份

极为相似的人

vt.

把…对折, 折叠

vt. & vi.

是…的两倍, (使)加倍

兼任, 兼作

vi.

折回, 掉头

doubled

v.

两倍,快步走,加倍努力

doubles

双粒级煤

doubling

[ˈdʌbliŋ]

n.

加倍,成双

double ****

1. double
You use double to indicate that something includes or is made of two things of the same kind.

- ...a pair of double doors into the room from the new entrance hall.

- ...a lone skier gliding along smooth double tracks.

- ...three varieties: double toffee, double chocolate, and vanilla.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. double
You use double before a singular noun to refer to two things of the same type that occur together, or that are connected in some way.

- ...an extremely nasty double murder...

- The government committed a double blunder.

- It was to have been a double wedding.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. double
If something is double the amount or size of another thing, it is twice as large.

- The offer was to start a new research laboratory at double the salary he was then getting.

- Leeds Prison is reported to have almost double the number of prisoners it's designed to accommodate.

- ...tropical Queensland, more than double the size of Texas.

PREDET: PREDET the n
= twice ≠ half

4. double
Also a pronoun.

- On average doctors write just over seven prescriptions each year per patient; in Germany it is double.

PRON

5. double
You use double to describe something which is twice the normal size or can hold twice the normal quantity of something.

- ...a double helping of ice cream.

- ...a large double garage...

- Allow the loaves to rise until just about double in size.

ADJ

6. double
A double room is a room intended for two people, usually a couple, to stay or live in.

- ...bed and breakfast for £180 for two people in a double room.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

7. double doubles
Also a noun.

- The Great Western Hotel is ideal, costing around £60 a night for a double.

N-COUNT

8. double
A double bed is a bed that is wide enough for two people to sleep in.
ADJ: ADJ n

9. double
You use double to describe a drink that is twice the normal measure.

- He was drinking his double whiskey too fast and scowling.

ADJ: ADJ n

10. double doubles
Also a noun.

- `Give me a whisky,' Debilly said to Francis. `Make it a double.'

N-COUNT

11. double
Double is used when you are spelling a word or telling someone a number to show that a letter or digit is repeated.

- Ring four two double two double two if you'd like to speak to our financial adviser.

ADJ: ADJ n

12. double doubles doubling doubled
When something doubles or when you double it, it becomes twice as great in number, amount, or size.

- The number of managers must double to 100 within 3 years.

- The program will double the amount of money available to help pay for child care.

V-ERG

13. double doubles
If you refer to someone as a person's double , you mean that they look exactly like them.

- Your mother sees you as her double.

N-COUNT: poss N

14. double doubles doubling doubled
If a person or thing doubles as someone or something else, they have a second job or purpose as well as their main one.

- ...a farmer who doubles as a night nurse...

- Lots of homes in town double as businesses.

VB

15. double up doubles up; doubling up; doubled up
Double up means the same as double .

- The lids of the casserole dishes are designed to double up as baking dishes.

PHR-V

16. double
In tennis or badminton, when people play doubles , two teams consisting of two players on each team play against each other on the same court.
N-UNCOUNT

17. double
If you do something at the double or on the double , you do it very quickly or immediately. (INFORMAL)

- Two soldiers entered at the double and saluted.

- Come to my office, please, at the double.

PHR: usu PHR after v
= immediately

18. double
When you bend double , you bend the top half of your body downwards a long way.

- There wasn't room to stand up and he had to bend double.

PHR: V inflects

19. double
If you are bent double , the top half of your body is bent downwards so that your head is close to your knees.

- Before sunrise pickers are bent double, plucking each flower with lightning speed.

PHR: v-link PHR

20. double
If you are seeing double , there is something wrong with your eyes, and you can see two images instead of one.

- For 35 minutes I was walking around in a daze. I was dizzy, seeing double.

PHR: V inflects

double up ****

1. double up doubles up; doubling up; doubled up
If something doubles you up , or if you double up , you bend your body quickly or violently, for example because you are laughing a lot or because you are feeling a lot of pain.

- ...a savage blow in the crutch which doubled him up...

- Some people laugh so hard that stomach contractions cause them to double up with laughter.

PHR-V-ERG

2. double up doubles up; doubling up; doubled up
Double over means the same as double up .

- Everyone was doubled over in laughter.

PHR-V-ERG

double

adjective

1.

twice

coupled

dual

duplicate

in pairs

paired

twin

twofold

verb

2.

multiply

duplicate

enlarge

grow

increase

magnify

noun

3.

twin

clone

dead ringer slang

Doppelgänger

duplicate

lookalike

replica

spitting image informal

at or on the double

4.

quickly

at full speed

briskly

immediately

posthaste

without delay

double back ****

double back doubles back; doubling back; doubled back
If you double back you go back in the direction that you came from.

- Double back perhaps 50 yards on Route 64 and there is a sign for Brunswick Road.

PHR-V

double act

double act double acts
Two comedians or entertainers who perform together are referred to as a double act . Their performance can also be called a double act .

- ...a famous comedy double act...

- I met a pal of mine later and he suggested that we do a double act.

N-COUNT also double-act .

double agent

double agent double agents
A double agent is someone who works as a spy for a particular country or organization, but who also works for its enemies.
N-COUNT

double-barrelled

[D.J.:ˈdʌbəlˈbærəld]

[K.K.:ˈdʌbəlˈbærəld]

adj.

双管的

double-barrelled

1. double-barrelled
A double-barrelled gun has two barrels.

- ...a double-barrelled shotgun.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) double-barreled

2. double-barrelled
A double-barrelled surname has two parts which are joined by a hyphen, for example `Miss J. Heydon-Smith'. (BRIT)
ADJ: ADJ n (AM) double-barreled

3. double-barrelled
Double-barrelled is used to describe something such as a plan which has two main parts. (JOURNALISM)

- The company announced a double-barreled investment and management-compensation plan.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) double-barreled

double bass

double bass double basses
A double bass is the largest instrument in the violin family.
N-VAR: oft the N also double-bass .

double bill

double bill double bills
A double bill is a theatre or cinema performance in which there are two shows on the programme.
N-COUNT: oft N of n also double-bill .

double bind

double bind double binds
If you are in a double bind , you are in a very difficult situation, because whatever decision you make will have bad results.

- Women are caught in a double bind, marginalised in the community if they are not wives and mothers, under excessive pressure to be perfect if they are.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= catch 22

double-blind

adj.

试验者和受试验者都对有关试验无所知的，双盲的

double-blind

double-blind
A double-blind study or experiment compares two groups of people, one of which is being tested while the other is not. Neither the people doing the testing nor the members of the two groups know which group is being tested.

- In a double-blind trial, there were definite improvements in those that had been given the vaccine.

ADJ

double bluff

double bluff double bluffs
A double bluff is an attempt to deceive someone by telling them exactly what you intend to do when you know that they will assume you are lying. (BRIT)

- They suspected this was a double bluff on the part of Cairo Intelligence.

- ...a continual round of bluff and double bluff.

N-VAR

double-breasted

[D.J.:ˈdʌbəlˈbrestɪd]

[K.K.:ˈdʌbəlˈbrɛstɪd]

adj.

双排钮扣的,对襟的

double-breasted

double-breasted
A double-breasted jacket or suit has two very wide sections at the front of the jacket which fit over one another when you button them up.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

double-check

v.

复核

double-check

double-check double-checks double-checking double-checked
If you double-check something, you examine or test it a second time to make sure that it is completely correct or safe.

- Check and double-check spelling and punctuation.

- Double-check that the ladder is secure.

- Don't believe what you are told; double-check with an independent source.

VB

double chin

double chin double chins
If someone has a double chin , they have a fold of fat under their chin, making them look as if they have two chins.
N-COUNT: usu sing

double cream *

double cream
Double cream is very thick cream. (BRIT; in AM use heavy cream )
N-UNCOUNT

double-cross

[D.J.:ˈdʌbəlˈkrɔ:s, -ˈkrɔs]

[K.K.:ˈdʌbəlˈkrɔs, -ˈkrɑs]

vt.

出卖,欺骗

vi.

进行欺骗

double-crossing

双杂交

double-cross

1. double-cross double-crosses double-crossing double-crossed
If someone you trust double-crosses you, they do something which harms you instead of doing something they had promised to do. (INFORMAL)

- Don't try and double-cross me, Taylor, because I'll kill you.

- They were frightened of being double-crossed.

VB
= betray

2. double-cross double-crosses
Also a noun.

- ...a novel about double-crosses, blackmail and intrigue.

N-COUNT

double-cross

verb

betray

cheat

defraud

hoodwink

mislead

swindle

trick

two-time informal

double-dealing

[D.J.:ˈdʌbəlˈdi:lɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdʌbəlˈdilɪŋ]

n.

两面派,言行不符的,奸诈的

double-dealing

double-dealing
Double-dealing is behaviour which is deliberately deceitful.

- He had seen marriages broken, friends estranged, lives ruined by the revelation of double-dealing and betrayal.

N-UNCOUNT
= betrayal duplicity

double-decker

[D.J.:ˈdʌblˈdekə]

[K.K.:ˈdʌbəlˈdɛkɚ]

n.

双层电汽车,双层甲板船,〈美口〉双层夹心三明治

double-decker

1. double-decker double-deckers
A double-decker or a double-decker bus is a bus that has two levels, so that passengers can sit upstairs or downstairs. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT
≠ single-decker

2. double-decker
Double-decker items or structures have two layers or levels instead of one.

- ...a double-decker sandwich.

- ...a double-decker pleasure boat.

ADJ: ADJ n

double-digit

[D.J.:ˈdʌblˈdidʒit]

[K.K.:ˈdʌbəlˈdɪdʒɪt]

adj.

两位数的

double-digit

double-digit
A double-digit number is between 10 and 99.

- Australia had 15 years of double-digit inflation.

- ...a double-digit increase in profits.

ADJ: ADJ n

double-edged

[D.J.:ˈdʌbəlˈedʒd]

[K.K.:ˈdʌbəlˈɛdʒd]

adj.

双头的;双重的,两刃的

double-edged

1. double-edged
If you say that a comment is double-edged , you mean that it has two meanings, so that you are not sure whether the person who said it is being critical or is giving praise.

- Even his praise is double-edged.

ADJ

2. double-edged
If you say that something is double-edged , you mean that its positive effects are balanced by its negative effects, or that its negative effects are greater.

- But tourism is double-edged, for although it's boosting the country's economy, the Reef could be damaged.

- Riley's early celebrity proved to be double-edged.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
a double-edged sword : see sword .

double entendre

double entendre double entendres
A double entendre is a word or phrase that has two meanings, one of which is rude and often sexual.

- He is a master of the pun and the double entendre.

- He has a fondness for outrageous double entendre.

N-VAR
= play on words

double fault

double fault double faults
In tennis, if a player serves a double fault , they make a mistake with both serves and lose the point.
N-COUNT

double-glazing

n.

(门、窗的)双层玻璃

double-glaze

1. double-glaze double-glazes double-glazing double-glazed
If someone double-glazes a house or its windows, they fit windows that have two layers of glass which keeps the inside of the house warmer and quieter. (mainly BRIT)

- The company is now offering to double-glaze the windows for £3,900.

- We recently had our house double-glazed.

VB

2. double-glazed

- Make sure double-glazed windows can be opened easily in an emergency.

ADJ

double-glazing

double-glazing
If someone has double-glazing in their house, their windows are fitted with two layers of glass. People put in double-glazing in order to keep buildings warmer or to keep out noise. (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

double-header

[D.J.:ˈdʌblˈhedə]

[K.K.:ˈdʌbəlˈhɛdɚ]

n.

连赛两场的棒球赛

double-header

double-header double-headers
A double-header is a sporting contest between two teams that involves two separate games being played, often on the same day. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT (AM) also doubleheader

double life

double life double lives
If you say that someone is living a double life , you mean that they lead two separate and very different lives, and they appear to be a different person in each.

- She threatened to publicly expose his double life if he left her.

N-COUNT: usu sing

double-park

[D.J.:ˈdʌbəlˈpɑ:k]

[K.K.:ˈdʌbəlˈpɑrk]

v.

并排停放(汽车)

double-park

double-park double-parks double-parking double-parked
If someone double-parks their car or their car double parks , they park in a road by the side of another parked car.

- Murray double-parked his car.

- The car pulled in and double-parked in front of the town hall.

V-ERG

double-quick

[ˈdʌblˈkwik]

n.

跑步,快步

adj.

快速的,快步进行

double-quick

double-quick
In double-quick time means the same as double-quick .

- Don't worry. We'll have you out of here double-quick.

- I was over the fence in double-quick time.

PHR: PHR after v

doublespeak

[ˈdʌblspi:k]

n.

故弄玄虚的言词,欺人之谈

doublespeak *

doublespeak
If you refer to what someone says as doublespeak , you are criticizing them for presenting things in a way that is intended to hide the truth or give people the wrong idea.

- ...the doublespeak so fluently used by governments and their press offices.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

double standard *

double standard double standards
If you accuse a person or institution of applying double standards in their treatment of different groups of people, you mean that they unfairly allow more freedom of behaviour to one group than to another.

- Mrs Starky accused the local police of operating double standards.

- We cannot have a double standard where we say everybody else must play by the rules, but we do not need to.

N-COUNT disapproval

doublet

[D.J.:ˈdʌblit]

[K.K.:ˈdʌblɪt]

n.

紧身上衣,成对的东西

doublet

doublet doublets
A doublet was a short, tight jacket that was worn by men in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and early seventeenth centuries.
N-COUNT

double-take

double-take double-takes
If you do a double-take when you see or hear something strange or surprising, you hesitate for a moment before reacting to it because you wonder if you really saw or heard it.

- I did a double-take when I saw her. I wasn't even sure it was a woman, dressed as she was in biker's gear.

N-COUNT

double-talk

n.

含糊其词的言谈,空话

double-talk

double-talk
If you refer to something someone says as double-talk , you mean that it can deceive people or is difficult to understand because it has two possible meanings.
N-UNCOUNT also double talk .

double vision

double vision
If someone is suffering from double vision , they see a single object as two objects, for example because they are ill or have drunk too much alcohol.
N-UNCOUNT

doubly

[D.J.:ˈdʌbli:]

[K.K.:ˈdʌbli]

adv.

加倍地,双倍地;两方面地;由双重原因造成

doubly *

1. doubly
You use doubly to indicate that there are two aspects or features that are having an influence on a particular situation.

- She now felt doubly guilty; she had embarrassed Franklin and she had cost her partner money.

- Employees choosing to move with a relocating company benefit doubly from employer-related housing assistance and lower house prices.

ADV: ADV group, ADV with v

2. doubly
You use doubly to emphasize that something exists or happens to a greater degree than usual.

- In pregnancy a high fibre diet is doubly important.

- It is hard to imagine what it is like to sleep rough at any time, but doubly so in the current freezing weather.

ADV: ADV adj/adv emphasis

doubt

[D.J.:daut]

[K.K.:daʊt]

n.

怀疑, 疑虑

未确定

vt.

怀疑, 疑惑

doubting

adj.

有疑心的,不相信的

doubt ****

1. doubt doubts
If you have doubt or doubts about something, you feel uncertain about it and do not know whether it is true or possible. If you say you have no doubt about it, you mean that you are certain it is true.

- This raises doubts about the point of advertising.

- I had my doubts when she started, but she's getting really good.

- They were troubled and full of doubt.

- There can be little doubt that he will offend again.

- Local inhabitants haven't the slightest doubt as to who is the rightful owner.

N-VAR: oft N about/as to n, N that
= uncertainty

2. doubt doubts doubting doubted
If you doubt whether something is true or possible, you believe that it is probably not true or possible.

- Others doubted whether that would happen.

- He doubted if he would learn anything new from Marie.

- She doubted that the accident could have been avoided.

VB
≠ believe

3. doubt doubts doubting doubted
If you doubt something, you believe that it might not be true or genuine.

- No one doubted his ability.

- Nobody that I spoke to doubted his sincerity as a politician.

VB

4. doubt doubts doubting doubted
If you doubt someone or doubt their word, you think that they may not be telling the truth.

- No one directly involved with the case doubted him.

- I still have no reason to doubt his word.

VB
≠ trust

5. doubt
You say that something is beyond doubt or beyond reasonable doubt when you are certain that it is true and it cannot be contradicted or disproved.

- A referendum showed beyond doubt that voters wanted independence.

- His ability is beyond any doubt.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR emphasis

6. doubt
If you are in doubt about something, you feel unsure or uncertain about it.

- He is in no doubt as to what is needed.

- When in doubt, call the doctor.

PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR about/as to n

7. doubt
You say I doubt it as a response to a question or statement about something that you think is untrue or unlikely.

- `Somebody would have seen her.' --- `I doubt it, not on Monday.'

CONVENTION

8. doubt
If you say that something is in doubt or open to doubt , you consider it to be uncertain or unreliable.

- The outcome was still in doubt.

- That claim is increasingly open to doubt.

PHR: v-link PHR
= uncertain

9. doubt
You use no doubt to emphasize that something seems certain or very likely to you.

- The contract for this will no doubt be widely advertised.

- She's a very sweet woman, as you no doubt know by now.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis
= undoubtedly

10. doubt
You use no doubt to indicate that you accept the truth of a particular point, but that you do not consider it is important or contradicts the rest of what you are saying.

- No doubt I'm biased, but it was the most cruel, evil human face I ever set eyes on.

- No doubt many will regard these as harsh words, but regrettably they are true.

PHR: PHR with cl

11. doubt
If you say that something is true without doubt or without a doubt , you are emphasizing that it is definitely true.

- Without doubt this has become the most important relationship I've developed while at college.

- The refugees, without a doubt, are the most vulnerable.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis
= undoubtedly

doubt

noun

1.

uncertainty

hesitancy

hesitation

indecision

irresolution

lack of conviction

suspense

2.

suspicion

apprehension

distrust

misgiving

mistrust

qualm

scepticism

verb

3.

be uncertain

be dubious

demur

fluctuate

hesitate

scruple

vacillate

waver

4.

suspect

discredit

distrust

fear

lack confidence in

mistrust

query

question

doubter

怀疑者

doubter

doubter doubters
If you refer to people as doubters , you mean that they have doubts about something, especially their religious or political system.

- Some doubters fear this may not be quite the good news it appears to be.

N-COUNT: usu pl
≠ believer

doubtful

[D.J.:ˈdautful]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊtfəl]

adj.

难以预测的, 未定的

怀疑的, 可疑的

doubtfully

[D.J.:ˈdaʊtfʊlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊtfəlɪ]

adv.

怀疑地

含糊地

doubtful **

1. doubtful
If it is doubtful that something will happen, it seems unlikely to happen or you are uncertain whether it will happen.

- For a time it seemed doubtful that he would move at all.

- It is doubtful whether Tweed, even with his fluent French, passed for one of the locals.

- Whether the authorities will allow inspection is highly doubtful.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ that/wh
= debatable

2. doubtful
If you are doubtful about something, you feel unsure or uncertain about it.

- I was still very doubtful about the chances for success.

- Why did he sound so doubtful?

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n
= dubious

3. doubtfully

- Keeton shook his head doubtfully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
= dubiously

4. doubtful
If you say that something is of doubtful quality or value, you mean that it is of low quality or value.

- ...selling something that is overpriced or of doubtful quality...

- They also seemed of very doubtful value.

- ...information that he described as having doubtful reliability.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= dubious

5. doubtful
If a sports player is doubtful for a match or event, he or she seems unlikely to play, usually because of injury. (JOURNALISM)

- Forsyth is doubtful for tonight's game with a badly bruised leg.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ for n

doubtful

adjective

1.

unlikely

debatable

dubious

equivocal

improbable

problematic(al)

questionable

unclear

2.

unsure

distrustful

hesitating

in two minds informal

sceptical

suspicious

tentative

uncertain

unconvinced

wavering

Doubting Thomas

Doubting Thomas Doubting Thomases
If you describe someone as a Doubting Thomas , you mean they refuse to believe something until they see definite proof or evidence of it.
N-COUNT

doubtless

[D.J.:ˈdautlis]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊtlɪs]

adv.

无疑地, 肯定地

doubtless *

doubtless
If you say that something is doubtless the case, you mean that you think it is probably or almost certainly the case.

- He will doubtless try and persuade his colleagues to change their minds.

- Doubtless he was justified in some of his criticism of the media.

- She took off her shoes, doubtless because her feet hurt.

ADV: ADV with cl/group
= no doubt

doubtless

adverb

1.

certainly

assuredly

indisputably

of course

surely

undoubtedly

unquestionably

without doubt

2.

probably

apparently

most likely

ostensibly

presumably

seemingly

supposedly

douche

[D.J.:du:ʃ]

[K.K.:duʃ]

n.

灌注法,灌水法,灌水器

v.

冲洗,施行灌注法

douche

1. douche douches
A douche is a method of washing the vagina using a stream of water. You also refer to the object which you use to wash the vagina in this way as a douche .
N-COUNT

2. douche douches douching douched
To douche means to wash the vagina using a stream of water.

- Never douche if you are pregnant.

VB

dough

[D.J.:dəu]

[K.K.:do]

n.

生面团

dough *

1. dough doughs
Dough is a fairly firm mixture of flour, water, and sometimes also fat and sugar. It can be cooked to make bread, pastry, and biscuits.

- Roll out the dough into one large circle.

- Work the flour and yeast mixture together until you have a sticky dough.

N-MASS

2. dough
You can refer to money as dough . (AM, INFORMAL; BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- He worked hard for his dough.

N-UNCOUNT

doughnut

[D.J.:ˈdəʊˌnʌt, -nət]

[K.K.:ˈdoˌnʌt, -nət]

n.

炸面圈

doughnut *

doughnut doughnuts
A doughnut is a bread-like cake made from sweet dough that has been cooked in hot fat.
N-COUNT (AM) also donut

doughty

[D.J.:ˈdauti]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊti]

adj.

强的,刚强的,勇敢的

doughty

doughty
If you describe someone as a doughty fighter, you mean they are brave, determined, and not easily defeated. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- His doughty campaigns for the underprivileged have earned him national respect.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n approval

doughy

[D.J.:ˈdəui]

[K.K.:ˈdoi]

adj.

面团的,苍白的,半熟的

doughy

doughy
If you describe something as doughy , you mean that it has a fairly soft texture like dough.

- Add water and mix with a knife to a doughy consistency.

ADJ-GRADED

dour

[D.J.:duə]

[K.K.:dʊr, daʊr]

adj.

不笑的; 面无笑容的

dour *

1. dour
If you describe someone as dour , you mean that they are very serious and unfriendly.

- ...a dour, taciturn man...

- No wonder he looked so dour.

ADJ-GRADED

2. dourly

- `They criticized it for being jingoistic,' he says dourly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj disapproval

dour

adjective

gloomy

dismal

dreary

forbidding

grim

morose

sour

sullen

unfriendly

douse

[D.J.:daʊs]

[K.K.:daʊs]

vt.

浇水在…上

熄灯〔火〕

douse *

1. douse douses dousing doused
If you douse a fire, you stop it burning by pouring a lot of water over it.

- The pumps were started and the crew began to douse the fire with water.

VB also dowse .

2. douse douses dousing doused
If you douse someone or something with a liquid, you throw a lot of that liquid over them.

- They hurled abuse at their victim as they doused him with petrol.

VB also dowse .

3. douse douses dousing doused
If you douse a light, you turn it off.

- I doused the headlights and got out.

VB also dowse .

dove

[D.J.:dʌv]

[K.K.:dʌv]

n.

鸽

和平的象征

doves

[dəuvs]

n.

菜包肉末饭(用卷心菜叶包肉末米饭,炖熟食用)

dove *

1. dove doves
A dove is a bird that looks like pigeon but is smaller and lighter in colour. Doves are often used as a symbol of peace.
N-COUNT
See also turtle dove .

2. dove doves
In politics, you can refer to people who support the use of peaceful methods to solve difficult situations as doves . Compare hawk .

- A clear split over tactics appears to be emerging between doves and hawks in the party.

N-COUNT

3. dove
In American English, dove is sometimes used as the past tense of dive .

dovecote

[D.J.:ˈdʌvkɔt]

[K.K.:ˈdʌvˌkot, -ˌkɑt]

n.

鸽房,鸽舍

dovecote

dovecote dovecotes
A dovecote is a small building or a container for pigeons or doves to live in.
N-COUNT also dovecot .

dovetail

[D.J.:ˈdʌvteil]

[K.K.:ˈdʌvˌtel]

n.

楔形榫头

v.

与…吻合,用鸠尾榫接合;吻合

dovetailed

带鸠尾榫[槽]的

dovetailing

燕尾连接楔形接合

dovetail

1. dovetail dovetails dovetailing dovetailed
If two things dovetail or if one thing dovetails with another, the two things fit together neatly or have some common characteristics.

- I'm following up a few things that might dovetail.

- ...an attempt to look for areas where U.S. interests can dovetail with Japanese concerns...

- It is important that we dovetail our respective interests.

- The management of local affairs should dovetail regional interests with those of the country as a whole.

V-RECIP-ERG

2. dovetail dovetails
A dovetail or a dovetail joint is a joint used for fitting two pieces of wood tightly together.
N-COUNT

dovish

[ˈdʌviʃ]

adj.

鸽派的,稳健的

dovish

dovish
Journalists use dovish to describe politicians or governments who are in favour of using peaceful and diplomatic methods to achieve something, rather than using force and violence.

- It must be said that the defence minister is a little bit more dovish than other people in the ruling elite.

ADJ-GRADED also doveish .
≠ hawkish

dowager

[D.J.:ˈdauədʒə]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊədʒɚ]

n.

继承亡夫爵位(或遗产的)遗孀,贵妇

dowager

1. dowager
You use dowager to refer to the wife of a dead duke, emperor, or other man of high rank.

- ...the Dowager Countess Spencer...

- Nobody was allowed to eat in the Empress Dowager's presence.

ADJ: ADJ n, n ADJ

2. dowager dowagers
Also a noun.
N-COUNT

3. dowager dowagers
If you describe a woman as a dowager , you mean that she is old and rich or looks important. (LITERARY)

- ...like stately dowagers on a traipse to the water's edge.

N-COUNT

dowdily

adv.

懒散地,下流地

dowdy

[D.J.:ˈdaʊdi:]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊdi]

adj.

(指衣服)不漂亮的,俗气的;(穿着)邋遢的

dowdily

adv.

dowdiness

n.

dowdy

dowdy dowdier dowdiest
If you describe someone or their clothes as dowdy , you mean their clothes are dull and unfashionable.

- ...playing hostess to a lot of officials and their dowdy wives...

- Her clothes were clean but dowdy.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= drab frumpish

dowdy

adjective

frumpy

dingy

drab

frowzy

old-fashioned

shabby

unfashionable

dowel

[D.J.:ˈdauəl]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊəl]

n.

木钉,销子

vt.

用暗销接合

dowel

dowel dowels
A dowel is a short thin piece of wood or metal which is used for joining larger pieces of wood or metal together.
N-COUNT

down

[D.J.:daun]

[K.K.:daʊn]

adv.

向下, 在下面

由大到小, 由强到弱

往南

处于低等地位, 处于潦倒状态

prep.

(表示位置)在…的下方; 在…的下端

(表示时间)自…以来; 持续一段时间

(表示方向)沿着…向下; 沿着, 顺着; 向…那一端; 朝[在]…的下游地区; 朝[在]…的南方; 到, 去; 从页首开始, 向…的底部看

adj.

向下的, 下行的

沮丧的, 情绪低落的

(以…)落后于对手的

完成了的, 已处理的

downs

[D.J.:daʊnz]

[K.K.:daʊnz]

白垩山丘

down 1 preposition and adverb uses *****

( Down is often used with verbs of movement, such as `fall' and `pull', and also in phrasal verbs such as `bring down' and `calm down'.)

1. down
To go down something such as a slope or a pipe means to go towards the ground or to a lower level.

- We're going down a mountain.

- A man came down the stairs to meet them.

- The tears began flooding down her cheeks.

PREP
≠ up

2. down
Also an adverb.

- She went down to the kitchen again.

- She sat on the window seat until they climbed down from the roof.

- I saw her push the boulder down on you.

- Any unauthorized war planes flying in the area are to be shot down.

ADV: ADV after v

3. down
If you are a particular distance down something, you are that distance below the top or surface of it.

- He managed to cling on to a ledge 40ft down the rock face.

- The union leader was last night staging a protest vigil 400 yards down a mineshaft.

PREP: amount PREP n

4. down
Also an adverb.

- For the last 18 months miners have cut a face to develop a new shaft 400 metres down.

ADV: amount ADV

5. down
You use down to say that you are looking or facing in a direction that is towards the ground or towards a lower level.

- She was still looking down at her papers.

- She put her head down, her hands over her face.

- He bent down and picked up a rock.

ADV: ADV after v
≠ up

6. down
If you put something down , you put it onto a surface.

- Danny put down his glass.

- After two rings I put down the phone.

- He laid his knife down.

ADV: ADV after v

7. down
If you go or look down something such as a road or river, you go or look along it. If you are down a road or river, you are somewhere along it.

- They set off at a jog up one street and down another.

- Karl looked down the street.

- She lives a few miles down the road at Burnham.

- ...sailing down the river on a barge.

PREP: oft amount PREP n
≠ up

8. down
If you are travelling to a particular place, you can say that you are going down to that place, especially if you are going towards the south or to a lower level of land. (SPOKEN)

- I went down to L.A. all the way from Seattle.

- I have seen him walking down to the shops a mile or so away.

- I'll take you back down to the valley.

- ...holidaymakers coming down here in the summer.

ADV: ADV after v

9. down
If you are down a place, you are at that place. If you go down a place, you go to that place. Some people consider this to be non-standard. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- People are down the pub, getting drunk.

- We got in the car and went down the supermarket and started buying food.

PREP: v-link PREP n, v PREP n

10. down
If an amount of something goes down , it decreases. If an amount of something is down , it has decreased and is at a lower level than it was.

- Interest rates came down today.

- Inflation will be down to three percent.

- My weight went down to seventy pounds.

- My department had a healthy interest in keeping expenses down.

- The Dow Jones industrial average is down 5 points at 2,913.

- ...with hotel occupation down by around half.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, oft ADV to/from/by amount
≠ up

11. down
If you say that there are a number of things down and a number to go , you are saying how many of the things have already been dealt with and how many remain to be dealt with.

- Thirteen months down, twenty-four years to go.

PHR: PHR with amount

12. down
Down to a particular detail means including everything, even that detail. Down to a particular person means including everyone, even that person.

- I was a soldier down to my shoelaces.

- ...from the chairman right down to the tea ladies.

PHR-PREP

13. down
If you are down to a certain amount of something, you have only that amount left.

- The poor man's down to his last £3.

PHR-PREP: PREP amount

14. down
If a situation is down to a particular person or thing, it has been caused by that person or thing. (mainly BRIT)

- Any mistakes are entirely down to us.

- That's down to pure hard work.

PHR-PREP

15. down
If someone or something is down for a particular thing, it has been arranged that they will do that thing, or that thing will happen.

- Mark had told me that he was down for an interview.

- ...derelict houses that were down for demolition.

PHR-PREP

16. down
If you are down with an illness, you have that illness. (INFORMAL)

- One of the office girls was down with the flu.

- ...a little girl down with that nasty bout of measles.

PHR-PREP
See also come down with .

17. down
If you pay money down on something, you pay part of the money you owe for it. (mainly AM)

- He had a simple, conventional deal and paid 20 percent down at settlement.

PHR-PREP
See also put down .

18. down
If people shout ` down with ' something or someone, they are saying that they dislike them and want to get rid of them. (SPOKEN)

- Demonstrators chanted `down with the rebels'.

PHR: PHR n

down 2 adjective uses

1. down
If you are feeling down , you are feeling unhappy or depressed. (INFORMAL)

- I have been down since the injury happened.

- Try to support each other when one of you is feeling down.

- The old man sounded really down.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= depressed

2. down
If something is down on paper, it has been written on the paper.

- That date wasn't down on our news sheet.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ on n

3. down
If a piece of equipment, especially a computer system, is down , it is temporarily not working because of a fault. Compare up .

- The computer's down again.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
≠ operational

down 3 verb uses **

1. down downs downing downed
If you say that someone downs food or a drink, you mean that they eat or drink it.

- We downed bottles of local wine.

VB
= consume

2. down downs downing downed
If something or someone is downed , they fall to the ground because they have been hurt or damaged in some way. (JOURNALISM)

- A couple of jet fighters were downed during the five-week rebellion.

- A bank guard shot him in the leg and downed him.

VB

3. downing

- ...the downing of an airliner, which killed 107 people.

N-UNCOUNT

down 4 noun uses

1. down
Down consists of the small, soft feathers on young birds. Down is used to make bed-covers and pillows.

- ...goose down.

N-UNCOUNT

2. down
Down is very fine hair.

- The whole plant is covered with fine down.

N-UNCOUNT
See also downs .

downs

downs
Downs are areas of gentle hills with few trees. (BRIT)

- Walking across the downs now reminds me of my favourite childhood memories.

- ...the Wiltshire downs.

N-PLURAL: oft in names, usu the N

down

adjective

1.

depressed

dejected

disheartened

downcast

low

miserable

sad

unhappy

verb

2.

swallow

drain

drink (down)

gulp

put away

toss off

noun

have a down on

3.

be antagonistic or hostile to

bear a grudge towards

be prejudiced against

be set against

have it in for slang

down-and-out

[D.J.:ˌdaʊnəndˈaʊt, -ən-]

[K.K.:ˌdaʊnəndˈaʊt, -ən-]

adj.

被击垮的

down-and-out

1. down-and-out
If you describe someone as down-and-out , you mean that they have no job and nowhere to live, and they have no real hope of improving their situation.

- ...a short story about a down-and-out advertising copywriter...

- He looked unshaven, shabby, and down-and-out.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also down and out .

2. down-and-out down-and-outs
Also a noun. (BRIT)

- ...some poor down-and-out in need of a meal...

- They are both down-and-outs, sleeping under the city's oldest bridge.

N-COUNT also down and out .
= tramp

down-and-out

noun Informal

1.

tramp

bag lady

beggar

derelict

dosser Brit. slang

pauper

vagabond

vagrant

adjective

2.

destitute

derelict

impoverished

on one's uppers informal

penniless

short

without two pennies to rub together informal

down-at-heel

[D.J.:ˌdaʊnətˈhi:l]

[K.K.:ˌdaʊnətˈhil]

adj.

(尤英)(人)衣衫褴褛的；潦倒的

down-at-heel

down-at-heel
Something that is down-at-heel is in a in bad condition because it has been used too much or has not been looked after properly. If you say that someone is down-at-heel , you mean that they are wearing old, worn clothes because they have little money.

- ...a down-at-heel disco in central East Berlin.

- ...a down-at-heel waitress in a greasy New York diner.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also down at heel .
= shabby

downbeat

[D.J.:ˈdaunbi:t]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌbit]

adj.

消沉的; 悲观的; 抑制的

downbeat

1. downbeat
If people or their opinions are downbeat , they are deliberately casual and not enthusiastic about a situation.

- Its headlines were suitably downbeat and don't scream out.

- ...a downbeat assessment of 1992's economic prospects.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ upbeat

2. downbeat
If you are feeling downbeat , you are feeling depressed and without hope.

- They found him in gloomy, downbeat mood.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ optimistic

3. downbeat downbeats
In music, the downbeat is the downward movement of the conductor's hand, indicating the first beat of the bar.
N-COUNT
≠ upbeat

downcast

[D.J.:ˈdaʊnˌkæst]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌkæst]

adj.

情绪低落的;向下的

downcast

1. downcast
If you are downcast , you are feeling sad and without hope.

- Barbara looked increasingly downcast as defeat loomed.

- ...a glum, downcast expression.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= dejected

2. downcast
If your eyes are downcast , you are looking towards the ground, usually because you are feeling sad or embarrassed.

- She was silent, her eyes downcast.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

downcast

adjective

dejected

crestfallen

depressed

despondent

disappointed

disconsolate

discouraged

disheartened

dismayed

dispirited

downer

[D.J.:ˈdaunə]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnɚ]

n.

镇定剂,令人沮丧的人

downer

1. downer downers
Downers are drugs that make you feel sleepy or very calm. (INFORMAL)

- She was taking uppers and downers at the time.

N-COUNT
≠ upper

2. downer downers
If you are on a downer , you are feeling depressed and without hope. (INFORMAL)

- For divorced people, Christmas can be a downer.

- We've been on a bit of a downer since the Liverpool game.

PHR: v-link PHR

downfall

[D.J.:ˈdaunfɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌfɔl]

n.

垮台, 衰落

垮台(或衰落等)的原因

downfall *

1. downfall downfalls
The downfall of a successful or powerful person or institution is their loss of success or power.

- His lack of experience had led to his downfall.

- ...people wishing to see the downfall of the government.

N-COUNT: also N in pl, usu with poss
≠ rise

2. downfall downfalls
The thing that was a person's downfall caused them to fail or lose power.

- His honesty had been his downfall.

- Alan's downfall was women.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= undoing

downfall

noun

ruin

collapse

comeuppance slang

destruction

disgrace

fall

overthrow

undoing

downgrade

[D.J.:ˈdaunɡreid]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌɡred]

vt.

使降低, 使降级

downgrade *

1. downgrade downgrades downgrading downgraded
If something is downgraded , it is given less importance than it used to have or than you think it should have.

- The boy's condition has been downgraded from critical to serious.

- The female role has been downgraded altogether in the drive for greater equality.

VB: usu passive
≠ upgrade

2. downgrade downgrades downgrading downgraded
If someone is downgraded , their job or status is changed so that they become less important or receive less money.

- There was no criticism of her work until after she was downgraded.

- His superiors suspended him, and then downgraded him.

VB
= demote ≠ upgrade

downgrade

verb

demote

degrade

humble

lower or reduce in rank

take down a peg informal

downhearted

[D.J.:ˈdaʊnˈhɑ:tɪd]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˈhɑrtɪd]

adj.

沮丧的;灰心丧气的

downhearted

downhearted
If you are downhearted , you are feeling sad and discouraged.

- Max sighed, sounding even more downhearted.

- Don't be too downhearted. There's always a way.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= dejected

downhearted

adjective

dejected

crestfallen

depressed

despondent

discouraged

disheartened

dispirited

downcast

sad

unhappy

downhill

[D.J.:ˈdaʊnˈhɪl]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˈhɪl]

adv.

向下

容易些

(all) downhill; downhill all the way

(与前面的困难相比较)容易得多

迅速恶化

go downhill

每况愈下；走下坡路；恶化

downhill *

1. downhill
If something or someone is moving downhill or is downhill , they are moving down a slope or are located towards the bottom of a hill.

- He headed downhill towards the river.

- The lake itself lies only a few hundred yards off to your right and slightly downhill.

- It was a clearing just downhill from a peak of eight thousand feet.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, ADV from n
≠ uphill

2. downhill
Also an adjective.

- Bessie was on the downhill path.

- ...downhill ski runs...

- We began a steady downhill run.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. downhill
If you say that something is going downhill , you mean that it is becoming worse or less successful.

- Since I started to work longer hours things have gone steadily downhill.

- For the movie business, it was all downhill from there.

- His career was heading downhill fast.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV

4. downhill
If you say that a task or situation is downhill after a particular stage or time, you mean that it is easy to deal with after that stage or time.

- Well, I guess it's all downhill from here.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

Downing Street **

Downing Street
Downing Street is the street in London in which the Prime Minister and the Chancellor of the Exchequer live. You can also use Downing Street to refer to the Prime Minister and his or her officials.

- The Prime Minister arrived back at Downing Street from Paris this morning.

- Downing Street is taking the French opinion polls very seriously indeed.

N-PROPER

download

[D.J.:ˈdaunləud]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌlod]

v.

将(程序，资料等)从大计算机系统输入小计算机系统；下载

downloading

下载

download

download downloads downloading downloaded
To download data means to transfer it to or from a computer along a line such as a telephone line, a radio link, or a computer network.

- Users can download their material to a desktop PC back in the office.

- The machine automatically downloads the required information to his or her fax.

VB

downmarket

1. downmarket
If you describe a product or service as downmarket , you think that they are cheap and are not very good in quality.

- ...downmarket television drama...

- It is a downmarket eating house, seating about 60.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also down-market .
≠ upmarket

2. downmarket
Also an adverb.

- Why is the company going downmarket and developing smaller machines?

ADV: ADV after v also down-market .
≠ upmarket

down payment *

down payment down payments
If you make a down payment on something, you pay only a percentage of the total cost when you buy it. You then finish paying for it later, usually by paying a certain amount every month.

- If you're borrowing money for the down payment, provide a copy of the entire loan agreement.

- Celeste asked for the money as a down payment on an old farmhouse.

N-COUNT also downpayment .

downplay

[D.J.:ˈdaʊnˌpleɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌple]

vt.

减轻…的重要性,贬低,轻视

downplay *

downplay downplays downplaying downplayed
If you downplay a fact or feature, you try to make people think that it is less important or serious than it really is.

- The government and the press are trying to downplay the violence which broke out yesterday.

- ...to downplay the dangers of nuclear accidents.

VB
= play down

downpour

[D.J.:ˈdaʊnˌpɔ:, -ˌpəʊr]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌpɔr, -ˌpor]

n.

倾盆大雨

downpour *

downpour downpours
A downpour is a sudden and unexpected heavy fall of rain.

- ...sheltering from a sudden downpour of rain.

N-COUNT
= cloudburst

downpour

noun

rainstorm

cloudburst

deluge

flood

inundation

torrential rain

downright

[D.J.:ˈdaʊnˌraɪt]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌraɪt]

adv.

完全地

adj.

彻底的, 完全的

坦白的, 直率的

downright *

1. downright
You use downright to emphasize unpleasant or bad qualities or behaviour.

- ...ideas that would have been downright dangerous if put into practice...

- She was often downright rude to him.

ADV: ADV adj emphasis
= positively

2. downright
Also an adjective.

- ...suspicion and downright hostility.

- ...downright bad manners.

ADJ: ADJ n
= out-and-out

downright

adjective

complete

absolute

out-and-out

outright

plain

thoroughgoing

total

undisguised

unqualified

utter

down-river

1. down-river
Something that is moving down-river is moving towards the mouth of a river, from a point further up the river. Something that is down-river is towards the mouth of a river.

- By 09.30 we had cast off and were heading down-river.

- ...a big tourist hotel a few hundred yards down-river...

- Cologne is not so very far down-river from Mainz.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, n ADV, oft ADV from n also downriver .
≠ up-river

2. down-river
Also an adjective.

- ...downriver factories dispensing billows of smoke.

ADJ: ADJ n also downriver .
≠ up-river

downside

[D.J.:ˈdaunsaid]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌsaɪd]

adj.

下降趋势的

downside *

downside
The downside of a situation is the aspect of it which is less positive, pleasant, or useful than its other aspects.

- The downside of this approach is a lack of clear leadership.

- There is a downside to it: the more she remembers, the more bitter she feels about what has happened.

N-SING: oft the N of n

downsize

[D.J.:ˈdaunˌsaiz]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌsaɪz]

vt.

以较小尺寸设计(或制造),缩小(汽车等的)外部尺寸

downsizing

裁员，实行机构精简

downsizing

减少规模;缩小化

downsize

1. downsize downsizes downsizing downsized
To downsize something such as a business or industry means to make it smaller.

- American manufacturing organizations have been downsizing their factories.

- ...today's downsized economy.

- ...a consultant who's helped dozens of companies downsize.

VB
= reduce

2. downsizing

- ...a trend toward downsizing in the personal computer market.

N-UNCOUNT

downspout

[D.J.:ˈdaunspaut]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌspaʊt]

n.

〈美〉水落管

downspout

downspout downspouts
A downspout is a pipe attached to the side of a building, through which water flows from the roof into a drain. (AM; in BRIT use drainpipe )

- He installed rain gutters and downspouts.

N-COUNT
= drainpipe

Down's syndrome

Down's syndrome
Down's syndrome is a disorder that some people are born with. People who have Down's syndrome have a flat forehead and sloping eyes and lower than average intelligence.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) usually Down syndrome

downstage

[D.J.:ˈdaunsteidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˈstedʒ]

adj.

向舞台前方,在舞台前

adv.

向舞台前方,在舞台前地

n.

舞台的前半部

downstage

1. downstage
When an actor is downstage or moves downstage , he or she is or moves towards the front part of the stage. (TECHNICAL)

- Krishna stands downstage in the open area.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV
≠ upstage

2. downstage
Also an adjective.

- ...downstage members of the cast.

ADJ: ADJ n

downstairs

[D.J.:ˈdaunˈstɛəz]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˈstɛrz]

adv.

在楼下

向[往]楼下

adj.

楼下的

[ˈdaunstɛəz]

n.

楼下

downstairs **

1. downstairs
If you go downstairs in a building, you go down a staircase towards the ground floor.

- Denise went downstairs and made some tea.

ADV: ADV after v
≠ upstairs

2. downstairs
If something or someone is downstairs in a building, they are on the ground floor or on a lower floor than you.

- The telephone was downstairs in the entrance hall.

- Everybody was downstairs watching a movie.

- ...the woman who lives in the flat downstairs.

ADV: be ADV, n ADV
≠ upstairs

3. downstairs
Downstairs means situated on the ground floor of a building or on a lower floor than you are.

- She repainted the downstairs rooms and closed off the second floor.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ upstairs

4. downstairs
The downstairs of a building is its lower floor or floors.

- The downstairs of the two little houses had been entirely refashioned.

N-SING: the N
≠ upstairs

downstream

[D.J.:ˈdaʊnˌstri:m]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌstrim]

adv.

在下游;顺流地

downstream *

1. downstream
Something that is moving downstream is moving towards the mouth of a river, from a point further up the river. Something that is downstream is further towards the mouth of a river than where you are.

- We had drifted downstream.

- ...a district called Lupitu, which in fact was downstream of the dam...

- Communities downstream have been alerted.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, n ADV, oft ADV of/from n
≠ upstream

2. downstream
Also an adjective.

- Breaking the dam could submerge downstream cities such as Wuhan.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ upstream

downswing

[D.J.:ˈdaunswiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌswɪŋ]

n.

(高尔夫球棍)向下的一挥,下降趋势

downswing

downswing downswings.
A downswing is a sudden downward movement in something such as an economy, that had previously been improving.

- Industry may disappear if the manufacturing economy remains on a downswing.

- ...inflation and the threat of an economic downswing.

N-COUNT: usu sing
≠ upswing

downtime

[D.J.:ˈdauntaim]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌtaɪm]

n.

(工厂等由于检修、待料等的)停工期

downtime

1. downtime
In industry, downtime is the time during which machinery or equipment is not operating.

- On the production line, downtime has been reduced from 55% to 26%.

N-UNCOUNT

2. downtime
In computing, downtime is time when a computer is not working.
N-UNCOUNT

3. downtime
Downtime is time when people are not working. (mainly AM)

- Downtime in Hollywood can cost a lot of money.

N-UNCOUNT

down-to-earth

[ˌdauntəˈə:θ]

adj.

务实的; 实际的; 现实的

down-to-earth *

down-to-earth
If you say that someone is down-to-earth , you approve of the fact that they concern themselves with practical things and actions, rather than with abstract theories.

- Gloria is probably the most down to earth person I've ever met.

- ...her sincerity and her down-to-earth common sense...

- Their ideas seem to be far more down to earth and sensible.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= practical

down-to-earth

adjective

sensible

matter-of-fact

no-nonsense

plain-spoken

practical

realistic

sane

unsentimental

downtown

[D.J.:ˈdaunˈtaun]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌtaʊn]

adv.

在商业[闹市]区

adj.

商业区的; 闹市区的

downtown **

1. downtown
Downtown places are in or towards the centre of a large town or city, where the shops and places of business are. (mainly AM)

- ...an office in downtown Chicago.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ uptown

2. downtown
Also an adverb.

- By day he worked downtown for American Standard.

- You have to be downtown in a hurry.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV
≠ uptown

3. downtown
Also a noun.

- ...in a large vacant area of the downtown.

- ...Ardastra Gardens, a short taxi ride from downtown.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N

downtrend

[D.J.:ˈdauntrend]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌtrɛnd]

n.

下降趋势

downtrend

downtrend
A downtrend is a general downward movement in something such as a company's profits or the economy.

- The increase slowed to 0.4 percent, possibly indicating the start of a downtrend.

N-SING
≠ uptrend

downtrodden

[D.J.:ˈdaʊnˌtrɔdn]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌtrɑdn..]

adj.

被践踏的;受压迫的

downtrodden

1. downtrodden
People who are downtrodden are treated very badly by people with power, and do not have the ability or the energy to do anything about it.

- The owner is making huge profits at the expense of downtrodden peasants.

- His mother was old, badly dressed and obviously downtrodden.

ADJ
= oppressed

2. downtrodden
The downtrodden are people who are downtrodden.

- ...support for the downtrodden and underprivileged.

N-PLURAL: the N
= oppressed

downtrodden

adjective

oppressed

exploited

helpless

subjugated

subservient

tyrannized

downturn

[D.J.:ˈdaʊnˌtɜ:n]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˌtə..n]

n.

(价格或活动)开始下降

downturn *

downturn downturns
If there is a downturn in the economy or in a company or industry, it becomes worse or less successful than it had been.

- They predicted a severe economic downturn.

- ...unchanged profits for 1990 due to a sharp downturn in the industry.

N-COUNT: oft N in n
≠ upturn

down under *

down under
People sometimes refer to Australia and New Zealand as down under . (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- For summer skiing down under, there is no better place than New Zealand.

PHR: prep PHR, PHR after v

downward

[D.J.:ˈdaunwəd]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnwəd]

adj.

向下的, 往下的

adv.

向下地, 下行地

downward *

1. downward
A downward movement or look is directed towards a lower place or a lower level.

- ...a firm downward movement of the hands.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ upward

See also downwards .

2. downward
If you refer to a downward trend, you mean that something is decreasing or that a situation is getting worse.

- The downward trend in home ownership is likely to continue.

- ...a decline in the economy, resulting in a general downward spiral.

ADJ: ADJ n

downward

adjective

descending

declining

earthward

heading down

sliding

slipping

downwards

[ˈdaunwədz]

adv.

向下

downwards *

1. downwards
If you move or look downwards , you move or look towards the ground or a lower level.

- Benedict pointed downwards again with his stick.

- She gazed downwards.

- The child lay face downwards.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV The form downward is also used, especially in American English
≠ upwards

2. downwards
If an amount or rate moves downwards , it decreases.

- Inflation is moving firmly downwards.

ADV: ADV after v The form downward is also used, especially in American English
≠ upwards

3. downwards
If you want to emphasize that a statement applies to everyone in an organization, you can say that it applies from its leader downwards .

- ...from the Prime Minister downwards.

ADV: from n ADV The form downward is also used, especially in American English emphasis

downwind

[D.J.:ˈdaunwind]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊnˈwɪnd]

adv.,adj.

顺风(的)

downwind

1. downwind
If something moves downwind , it moves in the same direction as the wind. If something is downwind , the wind is blowing towards it.

- He attempted to return downwind to the airfield.

- ...people who are living downwind of Nevada nuclear test sites.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, oft ADV of n
≠ upwind

2. downwind
Also an adjective.

- ...the downwind end of the field.

ADJ: ADJ n

downy

[D.J.:ˈdauni]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊni]

adj.

绒毛的,柔和的,多丘岗的,丘原的

downy

1. downy downier downiest
Something that is downy is filled or covered with small soft feathers.

- ...the warm downy quilt.

- ...the white downy bodies of two chicks.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. downy downier downiest
Something that is downy is covered with very fine hairs.

- ...tiny toes and fingers, his downy head and beautiful skin.

- ...leaves that are often downy underneath.

ADJ-GRADED
= velvety

dowry

[D.J.:ˈdaʊəri:]

[K.K.:ˈdaʊri]

n.

嫁妆

dowry

dowry dowries
A woman's dowry is the money and goods which, in some cultures, her family gives to the man that she marries.

- The money from her dowry was invested in her mother's store.

N-COUNT

dowse

[D.J.:daus]

[K.K.:daʊz]

vt.

浇水在…上

熄灯[火]

dowse *

dowse dowses dowsing dowsed
If someone dowses for underground water, minerals, or some other substance, they search for it using a special rod.

- He said that dowsing for water is complete nonsense.

- Terry Ross dowses oil and ore in South America for big companies.

- ...a dowsing rod.

VB
See also douse .

doyen

[D.J.:ˈdɔiən]

[K.K.:dɔɪˈɛn, ˈdɔɪən, dwɑˈjæŋ]

n.

老资格,老前辈,首席

doyen

doyen doyens
If you refer to a man as the doyen of a group or profession, you mean that he is the oldest and most experienced and respected member of it. (FORMAL)

- Sir Robin Day is widely regarded as the doyen of political interviewers.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the N of n approval

doyenne

[D.J.:dɔiˈjen]

[K.K.:dɔɪˈɛn, dwɑˈjɛn]

n.

女性老前辈

doyenne

doyenne doyennes
If you refer to a woman as the doyenne of a group or profession, you mean that she is the oldest and most experienced and respected woman in it. (FORMAL)

- Jean Muir has often been described as the doyenne of British fashion.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the N of n approval

doze

[D.J.:dəuz]

[K.K.:doz]

vi.

打盹儿, 打瞌睡

doze *

1. doze dozes dozing dozed
When you doze , you sleep lightly or for a short period, especially during the daytime.

- For a while she dozed fitfully.

VB
= nap

2. doze
Also a noun.

- After lunch I had a doze.

N-SING: a N

doze

verb

1.

nap

kip Brit. slang

nod off informal

sleep

slumber

snooze informal

noun

2.

nap

catnap

forty winks informal

kip Brit. slang

shuteye slang

siesta

snooze informal

doze off *

doze off dozes off; dozing off; dozed off
If you doze off you fall into a light sleep, especially during the daytime.

- I closed my eyes for a minute and must have dozed off.

PHR-V

dozen

[D.J.:ˈdʌzn]

[K.K.:ˈdʌzən]

n.

(一)打, 十二个

dozen ****

1. dozen
If you have a dozen things, you have twelve of them.

- ...a dozen eggs...

- You will be able to take ten dozen bottles free of duty through customs.

- He ordered a dozen of their best red roses.

- His chicken eggs sell for $22 a dozen.

NUM: usu a /num NUM The plural form is dozen after a number, or after a word or expression referring to a number, such as `several' or `a few'

2. dozen
You can refer to a group of approximately twelve things or people as a dozen . You can refer to a group of approximately six things or people as half a dozen .

- I was sitting only a dozen feet away.

- In half a dozen words, he had explained the bond that linked them.

- The riot left four people dead and several dozen injured.

NUM: usu a /num NUM The plural form is dozen after a number, or after a word or expression referring to a number, such as `several' or `a few'

3. dozen
If you refer to dozens of things or people, you are emphasizing that there are very many of them.

- ...a storm which destroyed dozens of homes and buildings.

QUANT: QUANT of pl-n The plural form is dozen after a number, or after a word or expression referring to a number, such as `several' or `a few' emphasis
= loads of

4. dozen
You can also use dozens as a pronoun.

- Just as revealing are Mr Johnson's portraits, of which there are dozens.

PRON The plural form is dozen after a number, or after a word or expression referring to a number, such as `several' or `a few'

dozy

[D.J.:ˈdəuzi]

[K.K.:ˈdozi]

adj.

想睡的; 令人困倦的

愚笨的; 迟钝的

dozy

1. dozy dozier doziest
If you are dozy , you are feeling sleepy and not very alert.

- Maybe I eat too much and that's what makes me dozy.

ADJ-GRADED
= drowsy

2. dozy dozier doziest
If you describe someone as dozy , you mean they are rather stupid and slow to understand things. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED disapproval

D Phil

D Phil is an abbreviation for Doctor of Philosophy .

Dr

n.

博士,医生

Dr ****

1. Dr
Dr is a written abbreviation for Doctor .

- ...Dr John Hardy of St Mary's Medical School in London.

(AM) Dr.

2. Dr
Dr is used as a written abbreviation for Drive when it is part of a street name.

- ...6 Queen's Dr.

(AM) Dr.

drab

[D.J.:dræb]

[K.K.:dræb]

adj.

土褐色的

无生气的,乏味的,单调的

drabness

n.

乏味,单调

drabness

[D.J.:ˈdræbnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈdræbnɪs]

n.

单调乏味;无生气

drab *

1. drab drabber drabbest
If you describe something as drab , you think that it is dull and boring to look at or experience.

- Mary was wearing the same drab grey dress.

- ...his drab little office...

- The rest of the day's activities often seemed drab or depressing.

ADJ-GRADED
= dreary

2. drabness

- ...the dusty drabness of nearby villages.

N-UNCOUNT

drab

adjective

dull

dingy

dismal

dreary

flat

gloomy

shabby

sombre

drachma

[D.J.:ˈdrækmə]

[K.K.:ˈdrækmə]

n.

古希腊的银币名,古希腊的重量单位

drachma

1. drachma drachmas
The drachma is the unit of money that is used in Greece.
N-COUNT: num N

2. drachma
The drachma is also used to refer to the Greek currency system.

- In April 1992 the Greek drachma was the only Community currency not yet part of the EMS exchange-rate mechanism.

N-SING: the N

draconian

[D.J.:dreɪˈkəʊni:ən, drə-]

[K.K.:dreˈkoniən, drə-]

adj.

非常严厉的;非常严酷的

draconian *

draconian
Draconian laws or measures are extremely harsh and severe. (FORMAL)

- ...indications that there would be no draconian measures to lower US healthcare costs.

- ...draconian censorship laws.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

draft

[D.J.:drɑ:ft]

[K.K.:dræft]

n.

草稿, 草案, 草图

汇票

应召入伍者; 特遣队

vt.

起草, 画草图, 草拟

选派, 抽调

征募, 征召…入伍

drafting

[D.J.:ˈdrɑ:ftiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdræftɪŋ]

n.

起草

drafts

[drɑ:fts]

n.

精绵

draft ***

1. draft drafts
A draft is an early version of a letter, book, or speech.

- I rewrote his rough draft, which was published under my name.

- I faxed a first draft of this article to him.

- ...a draft report from a major US university.

- ...a draft law.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. draft drafts drafting drafted
When you draft a letter, book, or speech, you write the first version of it.

- He drafted a standard letter to the editors.

- The legislation was drafted by House Democrats.

VB

3. draft drafts drafting drafted
If you are drafted , you are ordered to serve in the armed forces, usually for a limited period of time. (mainly AM)

- During the Second World War, he was drafted into the US Army.

- He wasn't drafted for the war; he volunteered for the Navy.

VB: usu passive
= conscript

4. draft drafts drafting drafted
If people are drafted into a place, they are moved there to do a particular job.

- Extra police have been drafted into the town after the violence.

- The manager will make a special plea to draft the player into his squad as a replacement.

VB

5. draft
The draft is the practice of ordering people to serve in the armed forces, usually for a limited period of time. (mainly AM)

- ...his effort to avoid the draft.

N-SING: the N
= conscription

6. draft drafts
A draft is a written order for payment of money by a bank, especially from one bank to another.

- The money was payable by a draft drawn by the home.

- Ten days later Carmen received a bank draft for a plane ticket.

N-COUNT: oft by N

draft

noun

1.

outline

abstract

plan

rough

sketch

version

2.

order

bill of exchange

cheque

postal order

verb

3.

outline

compose

design

draw

draw up

formulate

plan

sketch

draft dodger

draft dodger draft dodgers
A draft dodger is someone who avoids joining the armed forces when normally they would have to join. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT disapproval

draftee

[D.J.:drɑ:fˈti:]

[K.K.:dræfˈti]

n.

被征召入伍者

draftee

draftee draftees
A draftee is the same as a conscript . (AM)
N-COUNT

drag

[D.J.:dræɡ]

[K.K.:dræɡ]

vt. & vi.

(使…)在地上拖拉; 慢吞吞地走, 磨蹭

vt.

拖, 拉, 拽

打捞, 拖捞

n.

拖, 拉, 拽

吸, 抽

累赘, 障碍

dragged

牵引的

dragging

[ˈdræɡiŋ]

adj.

拖曳用的,拖延的

drags

[dræɡz]

n.

铸锭列车,锭模列车

drag ***

1. drag drags dragging dragged
If you drag something, you pull it along the ground, often with difficulty.

- He got up and dragged his chair towards the table.

VB

2. drag drags dragging dragged
If someone drags you somewhere, they pull you there, or force you to go there by physically threatening you.

- The vigilantes dragged the men out of the vehicles.

- There were no signs she'd been dragged across the grass.

VB

3. drag drags dragging dragged
If someone drags you somewhere you do not want to go, they make you go there.

- When you can drag him away from his work, he can also be a devoted father.

- I've been dragged back from Australia for no sufficient reason.

VB

4. drag drags dragging dragged
If you say that you drag yourself somewhere, you are emphasizing that you have to make a very great effort to go there.

- I find it really hard to drag myself out and exercise regularly.

- ...if you manage to drag yourself away from the luxury of the hotel.

VB emphasis

5. drag drags dragging dragged
If you drag your foot or your leg behind you, you walk with great difficulty because you foot or leg is injured in some way.

- He was barely able to drag his poisoned leg behind him.

- He drags his leg, and he can hardly lift his arm.

VB

6. drag drags dragging dragged
If the police drag a river or lake, they pull nets or hooks across the bottom of it in order to look for something.

- Yesterday police frogmen dragged a small pond on the Common.

VB

7. drag drags dragging dragged
If a period of time or an event drags , it is very boring and seems to last a long time.

- The minutes dragged past.

- The pacing was uneven, and the early second act dragged.

VB

8. drag
If something is a drag on the development or progress of something, it slows it down or makes it more difficult.

- The satellite acts as a drag on the shuttle.

- Spending cuts will put a drag on growth.

N-SING: a N on n

9. drag
If you say that something is a drag , you mean that it is unpleasant or very dull. (INFORMAL)

- As far as shopping for clothes goes, it's a drag.

- A dry sandwich is a drag to eat.

N-SING: a N, oft N to-inf disapproval

10. drag drags
If you take a drag on a cigarette or pipe that you are smoking, you take in air through it. (INFORMAL)

- He took a drag on his cigarette, and exhaled the smoke.

N-COUNT: oft N on n

11. drag
Drag is the resistance to the movement that is experienced by something that is moving through air or through a fluid. (TECHNICAL)

- The drag of those extra air molecules brought the satellite crashing to Earth.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

12. drag
If a man is in drag , he is wearing women's clothes.

- Entertainment is laid on too, in the form of drag on Wednesdays and strippers on Sundays.

- The neighborhood is given over to performers, stilt walkers and drag queens.

- The band dressed up in drag.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

13. drag
If you drag your feet or drag your heels , you delay doing something or do it very slowly because you do not want to do it.

- The government, he claimed, was dragging its feet, and this was definitely threatening moves towards peace.

PHR: V inflects
= hold back

drag

verb

1.

pull

draw

haul

lug

tow

trail

tug

drag on or out

2.

last

draw out

extend

keep going

lengthen

persist

prolong

protract

spin out

stretch out

noun

3.

nuisance

annoyance

bore

bother

pain informal

pest

drag down ***

1. drag down drags down; dragging down; dragged down
To drag someone down means to reduce them to an inferior social status or to lower standards of behaviour.

- She dragged him down with her.

- There were fears he would be dragged down by the scandal.

PHR-V

2. drag down drags down; dragging down; dragged down
Something that drags you down makes you feel weak or depressed.

- I have had really bad bouts of flu that have really dragged me down.

PHR-V

drag in ***

drag in drags in; dragging in; dragged in
When you are talking, if you drag in a subject, you mention something that is not relevant and that other people do not want to discuss.

- They disapproved of my dragging in his wealth.

- We were able to stick to the main issue without incidental grievances being dragged in.

PHR-V
= bring in

drag into ***

drag into drags into; dragging into; dragged into
To drag something or someone into an event or situation means to involve them in it when it is not necessary or not desirable.

- Why should Carmela have dragged him into the argument?.

- We may find ourselves dragged into new wars and new threats of wars.

PHR-V
= involve

drag on ***

drag on drags on; dragging on; dragged on
You say that an event or process drags on when you disapprove of the fact that it lasts for longer than necessary.

- The conflict with James has dragged on for two years.

PHR-V disapproval

drag out ***

1. drag out drags out; dragging out; dragged out
If you drag something out , you make it last for longer than is necessary.

- ...a company that was willing and able to drag out the proceedings for years...

- Let's get it over with as soon as possible, rather than drag it out.

PHR-V

2. drag out drags out; dragging out; dragged out
If you drag something out of a person, you persuade them to tell you something that they do not want to tell you.

- The families soon discovered that every piece of information had to be dragged out of the authorities.

PHR-V

drag up ***

drag up drags up; dragging up; dragged up
If someone drags up an unpleasant event or an old story from the past, they mention it when people do not want to be reminded of it.

- I don't want to go back there and drag up that anger again.

- Painful memories were dragged up for Tina during the filming.

PHR-V

dragnet

[D.J.:ˈdræɡnet]

[K.K.:ˈdræɡˌnɛt]

n.

拖网,搜索网

dragnet

dragnet
A dragnet is a method used by police to catch suspected criminals. A large number of police officers search a specific area, in the hope that they will eventually find the person they are looking for.

- ...a massive police dragnet for two suspected IRA killers.

N-SING: oft n N

dragon

[D.J.:ˈdræɡən]

[K.K.:ˈdræɡən]

n.

龙

凶恶的人, 悍妇

dragon **

1. dragon dragons
In stories and legends, a dragon is an animal like a big lizard. It has wings and claws, and breathes out fire.
N-COUNT

2. dragon dragons
If someone calls a woman, especially an older woman, a dragon , they mean that she is fierce and unpleasant. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

dragonfly

[D.J.:ˈdrægənˌflaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdræɡənˌflaɪ]

n.

蜻蜓

dragonfly

dragonfly dragonflies
Dragonflies are brightly-coloured insects with long, thin bodies and two sets of wings. Dragonflies are often found near slow-moving water.
N-COUNT

dragoon

[D.J.:drəˈgu:n, dræ-]

[K.K.:drəˈɡun, dræ-]

n.

骑兵

vt.

迫使

dragoon into;dragoon into doing

强迫某人…；勉强人做(不愿做的事)

dragoon *

1. dragoon dragoons
A dragoon was a soldier in old European armies. Dragoons usually fought on horseback.
N-COUNT

2. dragoon dragoons dragooning dragooned
If someone dragoons you into doing something that you do not want to do, they persuade you to do it even though you try hard not to agree.

- ...the history professor who had dragooned me into taking the exam...

- Her husband had also been dragooned into the excursion.

VB

dragoon

verb Slang

force

browbeat

bully

coerce

compel

constrain

drive

impel

intimidate

railroad informal

drain

[D.J.:drein]

[K.K.:dren]

vt. & vi.

(使)流干, (使)逐渐流走

vt.

喝光, 喝干

n.

排水沟, 排水管

流尽, 用光

draining

[ˈdreiniŋ]

n.

排水;泄水;排泄

drain ***

1. drain drains draining drained
If you drain a liquid from a place or object, you remove the liquid by causing it to flow somewhere else. If a liquid drains somewhere, it flows there.

- Miners built the tunnel to drain water out of the mines.

- Now the focus is on draining the water.

- Springs and rivers that drain into lakes carry dissolved nitrates and phosphates.

- The water slowly drained away, down through the porous soil.

V-ERG

2. drain drains draining drained
If you drain a place or object, you dry it by causing water to flow out of it. If a place or object drains , water flows out of it until it is dry.

- The authorities have mobilised vast numbers of people to drain flooded land and build or repair dykes.

- The soil drains freely and slugs aren't a problem.

V-ERG

3. drain drains draining drained
If you drain food or if food drains , you remove the liquid that it has been in, especially after it has been cooked or soaked in water.

- Drain the pasta well, arrange on four plates and pour over the sauce.

- Wash the leeks thoroughly and allow them to drain.

V-ERG

4. drain drains
A drain is a pipe that carries water or sewage away from a place, or an opening in a surface that leads to the pipe.

- Tony built his own house and laid his own drains.

- ...storm drains.

N-COUNT

5. drain drains draining drained
If someone drains a glass, they empty it by drinking what is in it. (LITERARY)

- Pamela drained her glass and refilled it.

VB

6. drain drains draining drained
If the colour or the blood drains or is drained from someone's face, they become very pale. (LITERARY) You can also say that someone's face drains or is drained of colour.

- Harry felt the colour drain from his face.

- Thacker's face drained of colour.

- Jock's face had been suddenly drained of all colour.

- His usually florid complexion seemed drained of colour.

V-ERG

7. drain drains draining drained
If a feeling drains or is drained out of you, it gradually becomes less strong until you no longer feel it.

- And then, suddenly, the euphoria began to drain away.

- She felt the tension drain out of her.

- The happiness and the excitement had been drained completely from her voice.

V-ERG

8. drain drains draining drained
If something drains you, it leaves you feeling physically and emotionally exhausted.

- My emotional turmoil had drained me.

VB

9. drained

- As United stalked off, stunned and drained, Liverpool looked as though they had won already!

ADJ-GRADED

10. draining

- This work is physically exhausting and emotionally draining.

ADJ-GRADED

11. drain drains draining drained
If energy drains or is drained from you, you lose all energy and become very tired.

- As his energy drained away, his despair and worry grew.

- I can help resolve conflicts that drain energy.

V-ERG

12. drained

- He could rest only when he was too drained of energy to fret further.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ of n

13. drain
If you say that something is a drain on an organization's finances or resources, you mean that it costs the organization a large amount of money, and you do not consider that it is worth it.

- ...an ultra-modern printing plant, which has been a big drain on resources...

- Fraud trials are often complex and have become an expensive drain on the public purse.

N-SING: usu adj N, N on n
See also brain drain .

14. drain drains draining drained
If you say that a country's or a company's resources or finances are drained , you mean that they are used or spent completely.

- The state's finances have been drained by drought and civil disorder.

- The company has steadily drained its cash reserves.

VB

15. drain
If you say that something is going down the drain , you mean that it is being destroyed or wasted. (INFORMAL)

- They were aware that their public image was rapidly going down the drain.

- He lamented that four years of his life had gone down the drain because of an injury to his groin.

PHR: usu PHR after v

16. drain
If you say that a business is going down the drain , you mean that it is failing financially. (INFORMAL)

- The department stores are going down the drain, victims of inner-city blight and the rush for suburbia.

PHR: usu PHR after v

17. drain off drains off; draining off; drained off
If you drain off a liquid from a place or object, you remove the liquid by causing it to flow somewhere. If a liquid drains off somewhere, it flows there.

- Drain off any remaining water.

- The ridged design of the pan allows excess fat to drain off.

PHR-V

drain

noun

1.

pipe

channel

conduit

culvert

ditch

duct

sewer

sink

trench

2.

reduction

depletion

drag

exhaustion

sap

strain

withdrawal

verb

3.

remove

bleed

draw off

dry

empty

pump off or out

tap

withdraw

4.

flow out

effuse

exude

leak

ooze

seep

trickle

well out

5.

drink up

finish

gulp down

quaff

swallow

6.

exhaust

consume

deplete

dissipate

empty

sap

strain

use up

drainage

[D.J.:ˈdreinidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈdrenɪdʒ]

n.

排水, 放水

排水系统, 下水道

废水, 污水, 污物

drainage *

drainage
Drainage is the system or process by which water or other liquids are drained from a place.

- Line the pots with pebbles to ensure good drainage.

- The drainage system has collapsed because of too much rain.

N-UNCOUNT

drainboard

滴水板

drainboard

drainboard drainboards
A drainboard is the same as a draining board . (AM)
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

draining board

draining board draining boards
The draining board is the place on a sink unit where things such as cups, plates, and cutlery are put to drain after they have been washed. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use drainboard )
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

drainpipe

[D.J.:ˈdreinpaip]

[K.K.:ˈdrenˌpaɪp]

n.

排水管

drainpipe

drainpipe drainpipes
A drainpipe is a pipe attached to the side of a building, through which rainwater flows from the roof into a drain.

- He evaded police by climbing through a window and shinning down a drainpipe.

N-COUNT

drake

[D.J.:dreik]

[K.K.:drek]

n.

公鸭,蜉蝣类

drake

drake drakes
A drake is a male duck.
N-COUNT

dram

[D.J.:dræm]

[K.K.:drɑm]

n.

打兰,一杯,微量

dram

dram drams
A dram is a small measure of whisky. (mainly SCOTTISH)

- ...a dram of whisky...

- Would you care for a dram?

N-COUNT: oft N of n

drama

[D.J.:ˈdrɑ:mə]

[K.K.:ˈdrɑmə, ˈdræmə]

n.

戏剧, 剧本

戏剧文学[艺术]

戏剧性事件[场面]

drama ***

1. drama dramas
A drama is a serious play for the theatre, television, or radio.

- He acted in radio dramas.

N-COUNT

2. drama
You use drama to refer to plays in general or to work that is connected with plays and the theatre, such as acting or producing.

- He knew nothing of Greek drama.

- She met him when she was at drama school.

N-UNCOUNT

3. drama dramas
You can refer to a real situation which is exciting or distressing as drama .

- There was none of the drama and relief of a hostage release.

- For all its drama, the event was not unexpected.

N-VAR

drama

noun

1.

play

dramatization

show

stage show

2.

theatre

acting

dramaturgy

stagecraft

3.

excitement

crisis

histrionics

scene

spectacle

turmoil

dramatic

[D.J.:drəˈmætik]

[K.K.:drəˈmætɪk]

adj.

戏剧的, 剧本的

戏剧性的, 激动人心的

引人注目的, 给人深刻印象的

dramatically

[D.J.:drəˈmætɪklɪ]

[K.K.:drəˈmætɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

戏剧性地;引人注目地

dramatic ****

1. dramatic
A dramatic change or event happens suddenly and is very noticeable and surprising.

- A fifth year of drought is expected to have dramatic effects on the California economy.

- This policy has led to a dramatic increase in our prison populations.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= striking

2. dramatically

- At speeds above 50mph, serious injuries dramatically increase.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. dramatic
A dramatic action, event, or situation is exciting and impressive.

- He witnessed many dramatic escapes as people jumped from as high as the fourth floor.

- Their arrival was dramatic and exciting.

ADJ-GRADED

4. dramatically

- He tipped his head to one side and sighed dramatically.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

5. dramatic
You use dramatic to describe things connected with or relating to the theatre, drama, or plays.

- ...a dramatic arts major in college...

- I had no thoughts of making a dramatic film. I was working in documentary.

ADJ: ADJ n

dramatic

adjective

1.

theatrical

dramaturgical

Thespian

2.

powerful

expressive

impressive

moving

striking

vivid

3.

exciting

breathtaking

climactic

electrifying

melodramatic

sensational

suspenseful

tense

thrilling

dramatics

[D.J.:drəˈmætɪks]

[K.K.:drəˈmætɪks]

n.

戏剧表演和创作的研究或实践;戏剧性的行为

dramatics

1. dramatics
You use dramatics to refer to activities connected with the theatre and drama, such as acting in plays or producing them.

- Angela says she longs to join an amateur dramatics class.

- ...the university dramatics society.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. dramatics
You talk about dramatics to express your disapproval of behaviour which seems to show too much emotion, and which you think is done deliberately in order to impress people.

- ...another wearisome outbreak of Nancy's dramatics.

N-PLURAL disapproval

dramatis personae

dramatis personae
The characters in a play are sometimes referred to as the dramatis personae . (TECHNICAL)
N-PLURAL: the N

dramatist

[D.J.:ˈdræmətɪst, ˈdrɑ:mə-]

[K.K.:ˈdræmətɪst, ˈdrɑmə-]

n.

剧作家, 编剧

dramatist *

dramatist dramatists
A dramatist is someone who writes plays.
N-COUNT

dramatist

noun

playwright

dramaturge

screenwriter

scriptwriter

dramatization

[D.J.:ˌdræmətaiˈzeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdræmətɪˈzeʃən, ˌdrɑmə-]

n.

编剧,改编成戏剧

dramatize

[D.J.:ˈdræməˌtaɪz, ˈdrɑ:mə-]

[K.K.:ˈdræməˌtaɪz, ˈdrɑmə-]

vt.

将(小说或事件)改编成剧本

vt. & vi.

使(事情)戏剧化, 夸张

dramatize *

1. dramatize dramatizes dramatizing dramatized
If a book or story is dramatized , it is written or presented as a play, film, or television drama.

- ...an incident later dramatized in the movie `The Right Stuff'.

- ...a dramatised version of the novel.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also dramatise

2. dramatization dramatizations

- ...a dramatisation of D H Lawrence's novel, `Lady Chatterley's Lover.'

N-COUNT: with supp

3. dramatize dramatizes dramatizing dramatized
If you say that someone dramatizes a situation or event, you mean that they try to make it seem more serious, more important, or more exciting than it really is.

- They have a tendency to show off, to dramatize almost every situation.

VB (BRIT) also dramatise disapproval
= exaggerate

4. dramatize dramatizes dramatizing dramatized
If something that happens or is done dramatizes a situation, it focuses people's attention on the situation in a dramatic way.

- More than 400 exiles were on a dawn-to-dusk hunger strike to dramatize their plight.

- The need for change has been dramatized by plummeting bank profits.

VB (BRIT) also dramatise
= highlight

dramatize

verb

exaggerate

lay it on (thick) slang

overdo

overstate

play to the gallery

drank

[D.J.:dræŋk]

[K.K.:dræŋk]

drink的过去式

drink

[D.J.:driŋk]

[K.K.:drɪŋk]

vt. & vi.

喝(酒), 饮

vt.

吸收, 吸入

n.

饮料

酒

一杯或一份酒

drinking

[D.J.:ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ]

n.

喝饮料；喝酒

drunk

[D.J.:drʌŋk]

[K.K.:drʌŋk]

adj.

醉的; 陶醉的

drank

Drank is the past tense of drink .

drink ****

1. drink drinks drinking drank drunk
When you drink a liquid, you take it into your mouth and swallow it.

- He drank his cup of tea.

- They'd stopped drinking beer and started on tequila.

- He drank thirstily from the pool under the rock.

VB

2. drink drinks drinking drank drunk
To drink means to drink alcohol.

- By his own admission, he was smoking and drinking too much.

- Never accept a ride with people who have been drinking.

VB

3. drinking

- She had left him because of his drinking.

- They patched up their differences by spending an evening of heavy drinking together.

N-UNCOUNT

4. drink drinks
A drink is an amount of a liquid which you drink.

- I'll get you a drink of water.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

5. drink drinks
A drink is an alcoholic drink.

- She felt like a drink after a hard day.

N-COUNT

6. drink
Drink is alcohol, such as beer, wine, or whisky.

- Too much drink is bad for your health.

N-UNCOUNT

7. drink
If you drink yourself into a stupor or drink yourself into oblivion , you drink so much alcohol that you lose consciousness or fall deeply asleep.

- We drank ourselves into a stupor on cheap wine.

PHR: V inflects

8. drink
If someone drinks you under the table , they drink more alcohol than you are able to on a particular occasion.

- At sixteen he could drink me under the table.

PHR: V inflects

9. drink
If someone takes to drink , they start to drink a lot of alcohol regularly, usually because they are depressed or worried about something.

- He took to drink after his wife died.

PHR: V inflects

10. drink
People say ` I'll drink to that ' to show that they agree with and approve of something that someone has just said. (INFORMAL)
CONVENTION feelings

drinking

drinking
Someone's drinking friends or companions are people they regularly drink alcohol with.
ADJ: ADJ n
See also drink .

drunk **

1. drunk
Someone who is drunk has drunk so much alcohol that they cannot speak clearly or behave sensibly.

- Stewart could not remember exactly why he had done it because he was so drunk.

- I got drunk and had to be carried home.

- He was arrested on suspicion of drunk driving.

ADJ-GRADED
= inebriated

2. drunk drunks
A drunk is someone who is drunk or frequently gets drunk.

- A drunk lay in the alley.

N-COUNT
= drunkard

3. drunk
If you are drunk with a strong emotion or an experience, you are in a state of great excitement because of it.

- They are currently drunk with success.

- I felt drunk with the excitement of life.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n

4. drunk
Drunk is the past participle of drink .

drink

verb

1.

swallow

gulp

guzzle

imbibe

quaff

sip

suck

sup

2.

booze informal

hit the bottle informal

tipple

tope

noun

3.

beverage

liquid

potion

refreshment

4.

alcohol

booze informal

hooch or hootch informal chiefly U.S. & Canad.

liquor

spirits

the bottle informal

5.

glass

cup

draught

drunk

adjective

1.

intoxicated

drunken

inebriated

legless informal

merry Brit. informal

plastered slang

tipsy

under the influence informal

noun

2.

drunkard

alcoholic

boozer informal

inebriate

lush slang

wino informal

drape

[D.J.:dreɪp]

[K.K.:drep]

vt.

将(衣物、帘等)悬挂, 披

遮盖或装饰某人或某物

将某物随便围在或放在另一物上

draping

[ˈdreipiŋ]

n.

覆盖

drape *

1. drape drapes draping draped
If you drape a piece of cloth somewhere, you place it there so that it hangs down in a casual and graceful way.

- Natasha took the coat and draped it over her shoulders.

- A soft white robe had been draped over a chair for Joanna's use.

- She had a towel draped around her neck.

VB
= hang

2. drape drapes draping draped
If someone or something is draped in a piece of cloth, they are loosely covered by it.

- The coffin had been draped in a Union Jack.

- He draped himself in the Canadian flag and went round the track.

- She opened her front door draped in a towel.

VB

3. drape drapes draping draped
If you drape a part of your body somewhere, you lay it there in a relaxed and graceful way.

- Nicola slowly draped herself across the couch.

- He draped his arm over Daniels' shoulder.

- They sprawl at ease across the sofa, arms draped over the back.

VB

4. drape drapes
Drapes are pieces of heavy fabric that you hang from the top of a window and can close to keep the light out or stop people looking in. (AM; in BRIT use curtains )

- He pulled the drapes shut, locked the door behind him.

N-COUNT: usu pl

drape

verb

cover

cloak

fold

swathe

wrap

draper

[D.J.:ˈdreipə]

[K.K.:ˈdrepɚ]

n.

布商, 服装商

draper *

1. draper drapers
A draper is a shopkeeper who sells cloth. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. draper drapers
A draper or a draper's is a shop where cloth is sold. (BRIT)
N-COUNT: oft the N

draperied

悬有(褶形)布帘的

drapery

[D.J.:ˈdreɪpəri:]

[K.K.:ˈdrepəri]

n.

布料及服装业或所经售的货物

打褶悬挂的布等

draperied

adj.

悬有(褶形)布帘的

drapery

1. drapery
You can refer to cloth, curtains, or clothing hanging in folds as drapery or draperies .

- In the dining-room the draperies create an atmosphere of elegance and luxury.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. drapery
Drapery is cloth that you buy in a shop. (BRIT; in AM use dry goods )

- My mother ran a couple of drapery shops.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

drastic

[D.J.:ˈdræstik]

[K.K.:ˈdræstɪk]

adj.

严厉的, 极端的, 极严重的

激烈的, 猛烈的

drastically

[D.J.:ˈdræstɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdræstɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

大大地;彻底地

激烈地

drastic **

1. drastic
If you have to take drastic action in order to solve a problem, you have to do something extreme and basic to solve it.

- Drastic measures are needed to clean up the profession.

- He's not going to do anything drastic about economic policy.

ADJ-GRADED
= radical

2. drastic
A drastic change is a very great change.

- Elderly people are not in a position to make drastic changes at this stage of their life.

- Foreign food aid has led to a drastic reduction in the numbers of people dying of starvation.

ADJ-GRADED

3. drastically

- As a result, services have been drastically reduced.

ADV: ADV with v

drastic

adjective

extreme

desperate

dire

forceful

harsh

radical

severe

strong

draught

[D.J.:drɑ:ft]

[K.K.:drɑft]

n.

通风, 气流

一饮, 一口之量

draughts

[D.J.:drɑ:fts]

[K.K.:dræfts, drɑfts]

n.

〈英〉国际跳棋

draught **

1. draught draughts
A draught is a current of air that comes into a place in an undesirable way.

- Block draughts around doors and windows.

- On a cold day there can be quite a draught from the letterbox.

N-COUNT (AM) draft

2. draught
Beer that is on draught is kept in and served from a barrel rather than a bottle.

- Draught beer is available too.

- They drink bitter on draught in the local bar.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR (AM) draft
= on tap

3. draught draughts
A draught of liquid is a large amount that you swallow.

- He took a draught of beer.

- Having added more fruit juice on top, drink it down in one draught.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n (AM) draft

4. draught
Draughts is a game for two people, played with 24 round pieces on a board. (BRIT; in AM use checkers )

- He was in the study playing draughts by the fire with Albert.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) draft

5. draught draughts
A draught is one of the round pieces which are used in the game of draughts. (BRIT; in AM use checker )
N-COUNT (AM) draft

6. draught
A draught animal is one which pulls heavy loads, for example on a farm.

- ...an Irish draught mare.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) draft

7. draught draughts
A draught is a medicine in the form of a liquid which you drink. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- One of the night-duty nuns gave her a sleeping draught.

N-COUNT: usu supp N (AM) draft

draught

noun

1.

breeze

current

flow

movement

puff

2.

drink

cup

dose

potion

quantity

draughts board

draughts board draughts boards
A draughts board is a square board for playing draughts, with 64 equal-sized, black and white squares. (BRIT; in AM use checkerboard )
N-COUNT also draught board .

draughtsman

[D.J.:ˈdrɑ:ftsmən]

[K.K.:ˈdræftsmən]

n.

国际象棋的棋子,起草人

draughtsman

1. draughtsman draughtsmen
A draughtsman is someone whose job is to prepare very detailed drawings of machinery, equipment, or buildings.
N-COUNT (AM) draftsman

2. draughtsman draughtsmen
If someone is a good draughtsman , they are very skilled at drawing.

- This is a great drawing by one of the 19th century's finest draughtsmen.

N-COUNT: usu adj N (AM) draftsman

draughtsmanship

制图术

draughtsmanship

draughtsmanship
Draughtsmanship is the ability to draw well or the art of drawing.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) draftsmanship

draughty

[ˈdrɑ:fti]

adj.

通风良好的,有隙缝风吹入的

draughty

draughty draughtier draughtiest
A draughty room or building has currents of cold air blowing through it, usually because the windows and doors do not fit very well.
ADJ-GRADED (AM) drafty

draw

[D.J.:drɔ:]

[K.K.:drɔ]

vt. & vi.

绘画, 画

拖, 拉

vt.

拔出, 取出, 抽出

提取, 汲取, 领取

引起, 吸引

vi.

移动, 来临

打成平局, 不分胜负

n.

抽奖, 抽签

平局, 不分胜负

drawing

[D.J.:ˈdrɔ:ɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdrɔɪŋ]

n.

绘画, 制图

图画, 图样

drawn

[D.J.:drɔ:n]

[K.K.:drɔn]

adj.

疲惫的,憔悴的

draws

铸件孔穴

drew

[D.J.:dru:]

[K.K.:dru]

draw的过去式

draw *****

1. draw draws drawing drew drawn
When you draw , or when you draw something, you use a pencil or pen to produce a picture, pattern, or diagram.

- She would sit there drawing with the pencil stub.

- Draw a rough design for a logo.

- He starts a painting by quickly drawing simplified shapes.

VB
= sketch

2. drawing

- I like dancing, singing and drawing.

N-UNCOUNT

3. draw draws drawing drew drawn
When a vehicle draws somewhere, it moves there smoothly and steadily.

- Claire had seen the taxi drawing away.

- A carriage door struck him as a train drew into Basildon station.

VB

4. draw draws drawing drew drawn
If you draw somewhere, you move there slowly. (WRITTEN)

- She drew away and did not smile.

- When we drew level, he neither slowed down nor accelerated.

VB

5. draw draws drawing drew drawn
If you draw something or someone in a particular direction, you move them in that direction, usually by pulling them gently. (WRITTEN)

- He drew his chair nearer the fire.

- He put his arm around Caroline's shoulders and drew her close to him.

- Wilson drew me aside after an interview.

VB
= pull

6. draw draws drawing drew drawn
When you draw a curtain or blind, you pull it across a window, either to cover or to uncover it.

- After drawing the curtains, she lit a candle.

- Mother was lying on her bed, with the blinds drawn.

VB

7. draw draws drawing drew drawn
If someone draws a gun, knife, or other weapon, they pull it out of its container and threaten you with it.

- He drew his dagger and turned to face his pursuers.

VB
= take out

8. draw draws drawing drew drawn
If an animal or vehicle draws something such as a cart, carriage, or another vehicle, it pulls it along.

- ...a slow-moving tractor, drawing a trailer.

- ...a chariot drawn by six black mules.

VB

9. draw draws drawing drew drawn
If you draw a deep breath, you breathe in deeply once.

- He paused, drawing a deep breath.

VB

10. draw draws drawing drew drawn
If you draw on a cigarette, you breathe the smoke from it into your mouth or lungs.

- He drew on an American cigarette.

- Her cheeks hollowed as she drew smoke into her lungs.

VB

11. draw draws drawing drew drawn
To draw something such as water or energy from a particular source means to take it from that source.

- Villagers still have to draw their water from wells.

VB

12. draw draws drawing drew drawn
If something that hits you or presses part of your body draws blood, it cuts your skin so that it bleeds.

- Any practice that draws blood could increase the risk of getting the virus.

VB

13. draw draws drawing drew drawn
If you draw money out of a bank, building society, or savings account, you get it from the account so that you can use it.

- She was drawing out cash from a cash machine.

- Companies could not draw money from bank accounts as cash.

VB

14. draw draws drawing drew drawn
If you draw a salary or a sum of money, you receive a sum of money regularly.

- For the first few years I didn't draw any salary at all.

- He is moving ever closer to drawing his pension.

VB

15. draw draws drawing drew drawn
To draw something means to choose it or to be given it, as part of a competition, game, or lottery.

- We delved through a sackful of letters to draw the winning name.

- Aston Villa have drawn a Czech team in the first round of the UEFA Cup.

VB

16. draw draws
Also a noun.

- ...the draw for the quarter-finals of the Uefa Cup.

N-COUNT

17. draw draws
A draw is a competition where people pay money for numbered or named tickets, then some of those tickets are chosen, and the owners are given prizes.
N-COUNT

18. draw draws drawing drew drawn
To draw something from a particular thing or place means to take or get it from that thing or place.

- I draw strength from the millions of women who have faced this challenge successfully.

- The students are drawn from a cross-section of backgrounds.

VB

19. draw draws drawing drew drawn
If you draw a particular conclusion, you decide that that conclusion is true.

- He draws two conclusions from this.

- He says he cannot yet draw any conclusions about the murders.

VB

20. draw draws drawing drew drawn
If you draw a comparison, parallel, or distinction, you compare or contrast two different ideas, systems, or other things.

- ...literary critics drawing comparisons between George Sand and George Eliot...

- Interesting distinctions can be drawn between the two populations.

VB

21. draw draws drawing drew drawn
If you draw someone's attention to something, you make them aware of it or make them think about it.

- He was waving his arms to draw their attention.

- He just wants to draw attention to the plight of the unemployed.

VB

22. draw draws drawing drew drawn
If someone or something draws a particular reaction, people react to it in that way.

- Such a policy would inevitably draw fierce resistance from farmers.

- ...an official tour to South Africa which drew angry political reactions.

VB

23. draw draws drawing drew drawn
If something such as a film or an event draws a lot of people, it is so interesting or entertaining that a lot of people go to it.

- The game is currently drawing huge crowds.

VB

24. draw draws drawing drew drawn
If someone or something draws you, it attracts you very strongly.

- In no sense did he draw and enthral her as Alex had done.

- What drew him to the area was its proximity to central London.

VB

25. draw draws drawing drew drawn
If someone will not be drawn or refuses to be drawn , they will not reply to questions in the way that you want them to, or will not reveal information or their opinion. (mainly BRIT)

- The ambassador would not be drawn on questions of a political nature.

- `Did he say why?' --- `No, he refuses to be drawn.'

VB: with brd-neg, usu passive

26. draw draws drawing drew drawn
In a game or competition, if one person or team draws with another one, or if two people or teams draw , they have the same number of points or goals at the end of the game. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use tie )

- Holland and the Republic of Ireland drew one-one.

- We drew with Ireland in the first game.

- Egypt drew two of their matches in Italy.

V-RECIP
= tie

27. draw draws
Also a noun.

- We were happy to come away with a draw against Sweden.

N-COUNT

28. draw
When an event or period of time draws to a close or draws to an end , it finishes. (FORMAL)

- Another celebration had drawn to its close.

PHR: V inflects

29. draw
If an event or period of time is drawing closer or is drawing nearer , it is approaching.

- And all the time next spring's elections are drawing closer.

- As the day set for departure drew near, I told my wife that I could not accompany them.

PHR: V inflects

drawing **

drawing drawings
A drawing is a picture made with a pencil or pen.

- She did a drawing of me.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
See also draw .

drawn *

1. Drawn is the past participle of draw .

2. drawn
If someone or their face looks drawn , their face is thin and they look very tired, ill, worried, or unhappy.

- She looked drawn and tired when she turned towards me.

ADJ-GRADED

drew

Drew is the past tense of draw .

draw

verb

1.

sketch

depict

design

map out

mark out

outline

paint

portray

trace

2.

pull

drag

haul

tow

tug

3.

take out

extract

pull out

4.

attract

allure

elicit

entice

evoke

induce

influence

invite

persuade

5.

deduce

derive

infer

make

take

noun

6.

attraction

enticement

lure

pull informal

7.

tie

dead heat

deadlock

impasse

stalemate

drawing

noun

picture

cartoon

depiction

illustration

outline

portrayal

representation

sketch

study

drawn

adjective

tense

haggard

pinched

stressed

tired

worn

draw in *****

1. draw in draws in; drawing in; drew in; drawn in
If you say that the nights, evenings, or days are drawing in , you mean that it is becoming dark at an earlier time in the evening, because autumn or winter is approaching. (BRIT)

- The days draw in and the mornings get darker.

PHR-V

2. draw in draws in; drawing in; drew in; drawn in
If you draw someone in or draw them into something you are involved with, you cause them to become involved with it.

- It won't be easy for you to draw him in.

- You gradually fall under the spell and get drawn in deeper and deeper.

- Don't let him draw you into his strategy.

PHR-V

3. draw in draws in; drawing in; drew in; drawn in
If you draw in your breath, you breathe in deeply. If you draw in air, you take it into your lungs as you breathe in.

- Rose drew her breath in sharply.

- Roll the wine around in your mouth, drawing in air at the same time.

PHR-V

draw off *****

draw off draws off; drawing off; drew off; drawn off
If a quantity of liquid is drawn off from a larger quantity, it is taken from it, usually by means of a needle or pipe.

- The fluid can be drawn off with a syringe.

- He allowed the doctors to open a vein of his arm and draw off a pint of blood.

PHR-V

draw on *****

1. draw on draws on; drawing on; drew on; drawn on
If you draw on or draw upon something such as your skills or experience, you make use of it in order to do something.

- He drew on his experience as a yachtsman to make a documentary programme.

PHR-V

2. draw on draws on; drawing on; drew on; drawn on
As a period of time draws on , it passes and the end of it gets closer.

- As the afternoon drew on we were joined by more of the regulars.

PHR-V

draw on

verb

make use of

employ

exploit

extract

fall back on

have recourse to

rely on

take from

use

draw out *****

1. draw out draws out; drawing out; drew out; drawn out
If you draw out a sound or a word, you make it last longer than usual.

- Liz drew the word out carefully.

PHR-V

2. draw out draws out; drawing out; drew out; drawn out
If you draw someone out , you make them feel less nervous and more willing to talk.

- Her mother tried every approach to draw her out.

PHR-V

draw out

verb

extend

drag out

lengthen

make longer

prolong

protract

spin out

stretch

string out

draw up *****

1. draw up draws up; drawing up; drew up; drawn up
If you draw up a document, list, or plan, you prepare it and write it out.

- They agreed to establish a working party to draw up a formal agreement.

- He wants his ministers to concentrate on implementing policy, not on drawing it up.

PHR-V

2. draw up draws up; drawing up; drew up; drawn up
If you draw up a chair, you move it nearer to a person or place, for example so that you can watch something or join in with something.

- He drew up a chair and sat down.

PHR-V

3. draw up draws up; drawing up; drew up; drawn up
If you draw yourself up , you make your back very straight.

- He drew himself up to his full height.

- `Well!', said the innkeeper, drawing herself up indignantly.

PHR-V

draw up

verb

1.

draft

compose

formulate

frame

prepare

write out

2.

halt

bring to a stop

pull up

stop

drawback

[D.J.:ˈdrɔ:bæk]

[K.K.:ˈdrɔˌbæk]

n.

缺点, 不利条件; 障碍

drawback *

drawback drawbacks
A drawback is an aspect of something or someone that makes them less acceptable than they would otherwise be.

- He felt the apartment's only drawback was that it was too small.

N-COUNT
= disadvantage

drawback

noun Informal

disadvantage

deficiency

difficulty

downside

flaw

handicap

hitch

snag

stumbling block

drawbridge

[D.J.:ˈdrɔ:ˌbrɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈdrɔˌbrɪdʒ]

n.

(昔日的)开合桥;吊桥;活动桥

drawbridge

drawbridge drawbridges
A drawbridge is a bridge that can be pulled up, for example to prevent people from getting into a castle or to allow ships to pass underneath it.
N-COUNT

drawer

[D.J.:drɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈdrɔɚ]

n.

抽屉

drawers

[drɔ:z]

n.

内裤

drawer **

1. drawer drawers
A drawer is part of a desk, chest, or other piece of furniture that is shaped like a box and is designed for putting things in. You pull it towards you to open it.

- He opened a drawer in his writing-table and brought out a sheet of notepaper.

N-COUNT

2. drawer drawers
Drawers are underpants, especially ones worn by women. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

drawing board *

1. drawing board drawing boards
A drawing board is a large flat board, often fixed to a metal frame so that it looks like a desk, on which you place your paper when you are drawing or designing something.
N-COUNT (AM) drawing-board

2. drawing board
If you say that you will have to go back to the drawing board , you mean that something which you have done has not been successful and that you will have to start again or try another idea.
PHR: PHR after v (AM) drawing-board

drawing pin

drawing pin drawing pins
A drawing pin is a short pin with a broad, flat top which is used for fastening papers or pictures to a board, wall, or other surface. (BRIT; in AM use thumbtack )
N-COUNT also drawing-pin .

drawing room *

drawing room drawing rooms
A drawing room is a room, especially a large room in a large house, where people sit and relax, or entertain guests. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

drawl

[D.J.:drɔ:l]

[K.K.:drɔl]

vt. & vi.

拖长腔调慢吞吞地说

n.

拖长腔调慢吞吞的说话方式

drawling

[ˈdrɔ:liŋ]

adj.

慢吞吞的,有气无力的

drawl *

1. drawl drawls drawling drawled
If someone drawls , they speak slowly and not very clearly, with long vowel sounds.

- `I guess you guys don't mind if I smoke?' he drawled.

- He has a deep voice and he drawls slightly.

VB

2. drawl drawls
Also a noun.

- Jack's southern drawl had become more pronounced as they'd traveled southward.

N-COUNT: with supp

drawn-out

[ˈdrɔ:nˈaut]

adj.

延长的,持续很久的

drawn-out *

drawn-out
You can describe something as drawn-out when it lasts or takes longer than you would like it to.

- Pulling out of a recession is a lengthy and drawn-out process.

- The road to peace will be long and drawn-out.

ADJ-GRADED
= protracted

drawstring

[D.J.:ˈdrɔ:striŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdrɔˌstrɪŋ]

n.

(穿在口袋或裤腰的)拉带,细绳

drawstring

drawstring drawstrings
A drawstring is a cord that goes through an opening, for example at the top of a bag or a pair of trousers. When the cord is pulled tighter, the opening gets smaller.

- ...a velvet bag with a drawstring.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N n also draw-string .

dray

[D.J.:drei]

[K.K.:dre]

n.

运货马车,一种撬

v.

以运货马车运;用马车运载

dray

dray drays
A dray is a large flat cart with four wheels which is pulled by horses.
N-COUNT

dread

[D.J.:dred]

[K.K.:drɛd]

vt.

害怕, 恐惧; 担心

n.

恐惧, 畏惧

令人恐惧的事物

dread **

1. dread dreads dreading dreaded
If you dread something which may happen, you feel very anxious and unhappy about it because you think it will be unpleasant or upsetting.

- I'm dreading Christmas this year.

- I dreaded coming back, to be honest.

- I suffer badly from cold sores and dread them appearing on my wedding day.

- I'd been dreading that the birth would take a long time.

VB
≠ look forward to

2. dread
Dread is a feeling of great anxiety and fear about something that may happen.

- She thought with dread of the cold winters to come.

N-UNCOUNT
= apprehension

3. dread
Dread means terrible and greatly feared. (LITERARY)

- ...a more effective national policy to combat this dread disease.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= dreaded

4. dread
You can use dread to describe something that you, or a particular group of people, find annoying or undesirable. (INFORMAL)

- ...the dread phrase `politically correct'.

ADJ: ADJ n feelings
= dreaded

5. dread
If you say that you dread to think what might happen, you mean that you are anxious about it because it is likely to be very unpleasant.

- I dread to think what will happen in the case of a major emergency.

- I dread to think what Hollywood is planning to do with this interesting little story.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR wh

dreaded *

1. dreaded
Dreaded means terrible and greatly feared.

- No one knew how to treat this dreaded disease.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= dread

2. dreaded
You can use dreaded to describe something that you, or a particular group of people, find annoying, inconvenient, or undesirable. (INFORMAL)

- She's a victim of the dreaded hay fever.

- Team orders on the final day were to avoid the dreaded blank at all costs.

ADJ: ADJ n feelings
= dread

dread

verb

1.

fear

cringe at

have cold feet informal

quail

shrink from

shudder

tremble

noun

2.

fear

alarm

apprehension

dismay

fright

horror

terror

trepidation

dreadful

[D.J.:ˈdredful]

[K.K.:ˈdrɛdfəl]

adj.

可怕的, 令人畏惧的

极端的, 极其大的

糟糕的, 讨厌的, 烦人的

dreadfully

[D.J.:ˈdredfəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdr ɛdfəlɪ]

adv.

可怕地,恐怖地;害怕地

<口>极其,非常

dreadful **

1. dreadful
If you say that something is dreadful , you mean that it is very bad or unpleasant, or very poor in quality.

- They told us the dreadful news.

- My financial situation is dreadful.

ADJ-GRADED
= awful appalling

2. dreadfully

- You behaved dreadfully.

- They treated him dreadfully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. dreadful
Dreadful is used to emphasize the degree or extent of something bad.

- We've made a dreadful mistake.

- I had a dreadful headache.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

4. dreadful
If someone looks or feels dreadful , they look or feel very ill, tired, or upset.

- Are you all right? You look dreadful.

- I feel absolutely dreadful about what has happened.

ADJ-GRADED: feel/look ADJ

dreadfully

dreadfully
You use dreadfully to emphasize the degree or intensity of something, especially something bad or unpleasant. (INFORMAL)

- He looks dreadfully ill.

- His mother must be dreadfully worried.

- I miss him dreadfully.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV after v emphasis
= awfully terribly

See also dreadful .

dreadful

adjective

terrible

abysmal

appalling

atrocious

awful

fearful

frightful

hideous

horrible

shocking

dreadlocked

dreadlocked
A dreadlocked person has their hair in dreadlocks. (WRITTEN)

- ...the dreadlocked Rastafarian, Bob Marley.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

dreadlocks

[D.J.:ˈdredlɔks]

[K.K.:ˈdrɛdˌlɑks]

n.

拉斯塔法里式发绺

dreadlocks

dreadlocks
If someone has dreadlocks , their hair is divided into a large number of tight strips, like pieces of rope. Dreadlocks are worn especially by men who are Rastafarians.

- He was turned down for a driving job when he refused to cut his dreadlocks.

N-PLURAL

dream

[D.J.:dri:m]

[K.K.:drim]

n.

梦

梦一般美好的人或事物

抱负, 理想, 梦想

vt. & vi.

做梦; 向往

vt.

想到, 料到

dreaming

作梦

dreamt

[D.J.:dremt]

[K.K.:drɛmt]

dream的过去式和过去分词

dream ****

1. dream dreams
A dream is an imaginary series of events that you experience in your mind while you are asleep.

- He had a dream about Claire.

- I had a dream that I was in an old study, surrounded by leather books.

N-COUNT

2. dream dreams dreaming dreamt
When you dream , you experience imaginary events in your mind while you are asleep.

- Ivor dreamed that he was on a bus.

- She dreamed about her baby.

VB American English uses the form dreamed as the past tense and past participle. British English uses either dreamed or dreamt .

3. dream dreams
You can refer to a situation or event as a dream if you often think about it because you would like it to happen.

- He had finally accomplished his dream of becoming a pilot.

- My dream is to have a house in the country.

- You can make that dream come true.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= ambition

4. dream dreams dreaming dreamt
If you often think about something that you would very much like to happen or have, you can say that you dream of it.

- As a schoolgirl, she had dreamed of becoming an actress.

- For most of us, a brand new designer kitchen is something we can only dream about.

- I dream that my son will attend college and find a good job.

VB American English uses the form dreamed as the past tense and past participle. British English uses either dreamed or dreamt .

5. dream
You can use dream to describe something that you think is ideal or perfect, especially if it is something that you thought you would never be able to have or experience.

- He had his dream house built on the banks of the river Bure.

- ...a dream holiday to Jamaica.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. dream
If you describe something as a particular person's dream , you think that it would be ideal for that person and that he or she would like it very much.

- Greece is said to be a botanist's dream.

- He's every girl's dream!

N-SING: poss N

7. dream
If you say that something is a dream , you mean that it is wonderful. (INFORMAL)
N-SING: a N

8. dream dreams
You can refer to a situation or event that does not seem real as a dream , especially if it is very strange or unpleasant.

- When the right woman comes along, this bad dream will be over.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

9. dream dreams dreaming dreamt
If you say that you would not dream of doing something, you are emphasizing that you would never do it because you think it is wrong or is not possible or suitable for you.

- I wouldn't dream of making fun of you.

- My sons would never dream of expecting their clothes to be ironed.

VB: with neg American English uses the form dreamed as the past tense and past participle. British English uses either dreamed or dreamt . emphasis

10. dream dreams dreaming dreamt
If you say that you never dreamed that something would happen, you are emphasizing that you did not think that it would happen because it seemed very unlikely.

- I never dreamed that I would be able to afford a home here.

- Who could ever dream of a disaster like this?.

- I find life more charming and more astonishing than I'd ever dreamed.

VB: with brd-neg American English uses the form dreamed as the past tense and past participle. British English uses either dreamed or dreamt . emphasis

11. dream
If you tell someone to dream on , you mean that something they are hoping for is unlikely to happen.

- `Perhaps one day I may go on a relaxing holiday.' --- `Yeah, dream on.'

PHR

12. dream
If you say that you are in a dream , you mean that you do not concentrate properly on what you are doing because you are thinking about other things.

- All day long I moved in a dream, my body performing its duties automatically.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

13. dream
If you say that someone does something like a dream , you think that they do it very well. If you say that something happens like a dream , you mean that it happens successfully without any problems.

- She cooked like a dream.

- His ship had sailed like a dream.

PHR: PHR after v

14. dream
If you describe someone or something as the person or thing of your dreams , you mean that you consider them to be ideal or perfect.

- This could be the man of my dreams.

PHR: n PHR

15. dream
If you say that you could not imagine a particular thing in your wildest dreams , you are emphasizing that you think it is extremely strange or unlikely.

- Never in my wildest dreams could I imagine there would be this kind of money in the game.

PHR: with brd-neg, PHR with cl emphasis

16. dream
If you describe something as being beyond your wildest dreams , you are emphasizing that it is better than you could have imagined or hoped for.

- She had already achieved success beyond her wildest dreams.

PHR: n PHR, PHR after v, v-link PHR emphasis

dreamt

Dreamt is a past tense and past participle of dream .

dream

noun

1.

vision

delusion

hallucination

illusion

imagination

trance

2.

daydream

fantasy

pipe dream

3.

ambition

aim

aspiration

desire

goal

hope

wish

4.

delight

beauty

gem

joy

marvel

pleasure

treasure

verb

5.

have dreams

conjure up

envisage

fancy

hallucinate

imagine

think

visualize

6.

daydream

build castles in the air or in Spain

fantasize

stargaze

dream up ****

dream up dreams up; dreaming up; dreamt up
If you dream up a plan or idea, you work it out or create it in your mind.

- I dreamed up a plan to solve both problems at once.

- The event was dreamed up by Mick Jagger.

- His son hadn't dreamed it up.

PHR-V American English uses the form dreamed as the past tense and past participle. British English uses either dreamed or dreamt .

dreamer

[D.J.:ˈdri:mə]

[K.K.:ˈdrimɚ]

n.

做梦的人,梦想家

dreamer *

dreamer dreamers
If you describe someone as a dreamer , you mean that they spend a lot of time thinking about and planning for things that they would like to happen but which are improbable or impractical.

- Far from being a dreamer, she's a level-headed pragmatist.

N-COUNT

dreamer

noun

idealist

daydreamer

escapist

fantasist

utopian

visionary

Walter Mitty

dreamily

[D.J.:ˈdri:mɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdrimɪlɪ]

adv.

梦幻般地;迷迷糊糊地,朦胧地

dreaminess

多梦

dreamy

[D.J.:ˈdri:mi:]

[K.K.:ˈdrimi]

adj.

心不在焉的

模糊的,不清楚的

轻柔的

绝妙的,极好的

dreamily

adv.

心不在焉地;模糊地,不清楚地;轻柔地;绝妙地,极好地

dreaminess

n.

心不在焉;模糊,不清楚;轻柔;绝妙,极好

dreamily

dreamily
If you say or do something dreamily , you say or do it in a way that shows your mind is occupied with pleasant, relaxing thoughts.

- `They were divine,' she sighs, dreamily.

- She stared dreamily out of the small window at the blue horizon.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

dreamland

[D.J.:ˈdri:mˌlænd]

[K.K.:ˈdrimˌlænd]

n.

梦乡,梦境

睡觉

dreamland

1. dreamland
If you describe a place as a dreamland , you mean that it is so beautiful it is hard to believe that it is real.

- ...a dreamland of snowy moonlit peaks and twinkling lights.

N-SING

2. dreamland
If you refer to a situation as dreamland , you mean that it represents what someone would like to happen, but that it is completely unrealistic.

- In dreamland we play them in the final.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

dreamless

[ˈdri:mlis]

adj.

无梦的,不做梦的

dreamless

dreamless
A dreamless sleep is very deep and peaceful, and without dreams.

- He fell into a deep dreamless sleep the moment he got into bed.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

dreamlike

[ˈdri:mlaik]

adj.

梦一般的,朦胧的

dreamlike

dreamlike
If you describe something as dreamlike , you mean it seems strange and unreal.

- Her paintings have a naive, dreamlike quality.

ADJ-GRADED
= surreal

dream team

dream team dream teams
A dream team is the best possible group of people to be in a sports team or to do a particular job.

- ...American basketball's dream team.

- ...a dream team of lawyers and investigators.

N-COUNT

dream ticket

dream ticket
If journalists talk about a dream ticket , they are referring to two candidates for political positions, for example President and Vice-President, or Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, who they think will be extremely successful.

- His deputy Roy Hattersley, elected as part of the dream ticket to succeed Michael Foot in 1983, will also resign.

N-SING

dreamy *

1. dreamy dreamier dreamiest
If you say that someone has a dreamy expression, you mean that they are not paying attention to things around them and look as if they are thinking about something pleasant.

- His face assumed a sort of dreamy expression.

ADJ-GRADED

2. dreamy dreamier dreamiest
If you describe something as dreamy , you mean that you like it and that it seems gentle and soft, like something in a dream.

- ...dreamy shots of beautiful sunsets.

- ...a dreamy, delicate song.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

3. dreamy dreamier dreamiest
If you describe a person or an idea as dreamy , you mean that they are not very practical.

- He's like some dreamy kid playing on his own.

- The changes would move the party away from the dreamy leftism that alienated many Japanese.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

dreamy

adjective

1.

vague

absent

abstracted

daydreaming

faraway

pensive

preoccupied

with one's head in the clouds

2.

impractical

airy-fairy

fanciful

imaginary

quixotic

speculative

drearily

adv.

沉寂地,厌倦地,可怕地

dreary

[D.J.:ˈdriəri]

[K.K.:ˈdrɪri]

adj.

使人闷闷不乐或沮丧的; 阴沉的, 忧郁的

令人厌烦的; 单调的; 枯燥的

dreary *

1. dreary drearier dreariest
If you describe something as dreary , you mean that it is dull and depressing.

- ...a dreary little town in the Midwest...

- They live such dreary lives.

ADJ-GRADED
= dismal

2. drearily

- ...a drearily familiar scenario.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

dreary

adjective

dull

boring

drab

humdrum

monotonous

tedious

tiresome

uneventful

wearisome

dredge

[D.J.:dredʒ]

[K.K.:drɛdʒ]

vt.

疏浚(河道等)

(在食物上)撒(面粉、糖等)

vt. & vi.

挖除或吸出某物

dredge up

重提，翻出；回忆

竭力做(某事)

n.

挖泥机

dredging

[ˈdredʒiŋ]

n.

挖泥,捕捞

dredge *

dredge dredges dredging dredged
When people dredge a harbour, river, or other area of water, they remove mud and unwanted material from the bottom with a special machine in order to make it deeper or to look for something.

- Police have spent weeks dredging the lake but have not found his body.

VB

dredge up *

1. dredge up dredges up; dredging up; dredged up
If someone dredges up a piece of information they learned a long time ago, or if they dredge up a distant memory, they manage to remember it.

- ...an American trying to dredge up some French or German learned in high school...

- The fragments of memory she dredges up do not fit together.

PHR-V
= rake up

2. dredge up dredges up; dredging up; dredged up
If someone dredges up a damaging or upsetting fact about your past, they remind you of it or tell other people about it.

- She dredges up a minor misdemeanour: `You didn't give me money for the school trip.'.

- It's the media who keep dredging it up.

PHR-V

dredger

[D.J.:ˈdredʒə]

[K.K.:ˈdrɛdʒɚ]

n.

挖泥船

撒粉器

dredger

dredger dredgers
A dredger is a boat which is fitted with a special machine that is used to increase the size of harbours, rivers, and canals.
N-COUNT

dregs

[D.J.:dregz]

n.

沉淀物;残渣,渣滓

dregs

1. dregs
The dregs of a liquid are the last drops left at the bottom of a container, together with any solid bits that have sunk to the bottom.

- Colum drained the dregs from his cup.

N-PLURAL: usu the N disapproval

2. dregs
If you talk about the dregs of a society or community, you mean the people in it who you consider to be the most worthless and bad.

- It sees the dissidents as anti-social elements and the dregs of society.

N-PLURAL: usu the N of n disapproval
= scum

dregs

plural noun

1.

sediment

deposit

dross

grounds

lees

residue

residuum

scum

waste

2.

scum

good-for-nothings

rabble

ragtag and bobtail

riffraff

drench

[D.J.:drentʃ]

[K.K.:drɛntʃ]

vt.

使湿透

在某人(某物)上大量使用(某液体)

drenched

adj.

湿透的

充满的

drenching

[ˈdrentʃiŋ]

n.

湿透

drench *

1. drench drenches drenching drenched
To drench something or someone means to make them completely wet.

- They turned fire hoses on the people and drenched them.

- ...the idea of spending two whole days hanging on to a raft and getting drenched by icy water...

- We were completely drenched and cold.

- I reached Kilmarnock in the early morning in drenching rain.

VB
= soak

2. -drenched

- ...the rain-drenched streets of the capital.

COMB in ADJ

drench

verb

soak

drown

flood

inundate

saturate

souse

steep

swamp

wet

dress

[D.J.:dres]

[K.K.:drɛs]

n.

连衣裙

衣服, 服装

vt. & vi.

给…穿衣, 穿着

装饰, 打扮

dressed

[drest]

n.

(畜、禽、鱼)剥皮(或去毛、鳞)、去内脏及分割加工好的

dressing

[D.J.:ˈdresiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdrɛsɪŋ]

n.

穿衣; 包扎伤口

dressings

[ˈdresiŋz]

n.

敷料剂

dress ****

1. dress dresses
A dress is a piece of clothing worn by a woman or girl. It covers her body and part of her legs.

- She was wearing a black dress.

N-COUNT

2. dress
You can refer to clothes worn by men or women as dress .

- He's usually smart in his dress.

- ...hundreds of Cambodians in traditional dress.

N-UNCOUNT
See also evening dress , fancy dress , full dress , morning dress .

3. dress dresses dressing dressed
When you dress or dress yourself, you put on clothes.

- He told Sarah to wait while he dressed.

- Sue had dressed herself neatly for work.

VB

4. dress dresses dressing dressed
If you dress someone, for example a child, you put clothes on them.

- She bathed her and dressed her in clean clothes.

VB

5. dress dresses dressing dressed
If someone dresses in a particular way, they wear clothes of a particular style or colour.

- He dresses in a way that lets everyone know he's got authority.

- She used to dress in jeans.

VB

6. dress dresses dressing dressed
If you dress for something, you put on special clothes for it.

- We don't dress for dinner here.

VB

7. dress dresses dressing dressed
When someone dresses a wound, they clean it and cover it.

- The poor child never cried or protested when I was dressing her wounds.

VB

8. dress dresses dressing dressed
If you dress a salad, you cover it with a mixture of oil, vinegar, and herbs or flavourings.

- Scatter the tomato over, then dress the salad.

- ...a bowl of dressed salad.

VB

9. dress dresses dressing dressed
To dress meat, chicken, or fish means to prepare it for cooking by cleaning it and removing the parts that you cannot eat.

- Her mother dressed the meat.

- ...dressed crab.

VB

dressed ***

1. dressed
If you are dressed , you are wearing clothes rather than being naked or wearing your night clothes. If you get dressed , you put on your clothes.

- He was fully dressed, including shoes.

- He went into his bedroom to get dressed.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

2. dressed
If you are dressed in a particular way, you are wearing clothes of a particular colour or kind.

- ...a tall thin woman dressed in black.

- ...a tall, elegantly dressed man.

ADJ: v-link ADJ in/as n, adv ADJ
See also well-dressed .

3. dressed
If someone is dressed to kill , they are wearing very smart or fashionable clothes because they want people to notice them and think they are attractive. (INFORMAL)

- ...a solitary blonde, beautiful, haughty and dressed to kill.

PHR

dressing *

1. dressing dressings
A salad dressing is a mixture of oil, vinegar, and herbs or flavourings, which you pour over salad.

- Mix the ingredients for the dressing in a bowl.

N-MASS: oft supp N

2. dressing dressings
A dressing is a covering that is put on a wound to protect it while it heals.

- Miss Finkelstein will put a dressing on your thumb.

N-COUNT

dress

noun

1.

frock

gown

outfit

robe

2.

clothing

apparel

attire

clothes

costume

garb

garments

togs

verb

3.

put on

attire

change

clothe

don

garb

robe

slip on or into

4.

bandage

bind up

plaster

treat

5.

arrange

adjust

align

get ready

prepare

straighten

dress down ****

1. dress down dresses down; dressing down; dressed down
If you dress down , you wear clothes that are less smart than usual.

- She dresses down in dark glasses and baggy clothes to avoid hordes of admirers.

PHR-V

2. dress down dresses down; dressing down; dressed down
If you dress someone down , you speak angrily to them because they have done something bad or foolish.

- Campbell dressed them down in public.

PHR-V
= tell off

See also dressing-down .

dress up ****

1. dress up dresses up; dressing up; dressed up
If you dress up or dress yourself up , you put on different clothes, in order to make yourself look smarter than usual or to disguise yourself.

- You do not need to dress up for dinner.

- I just love the fun of dressing up in another era's clothing.

- Little girls dress up as angels for fiestas.

PHR-V

2. dress up dresses up; dressing up; dressed up
If you dress someone up , you give them special clothes to wear, in order to make them look smarter or to disguise them.

- Mother loved to dress me up.

PHR-V

3. dress up dresses up; dressing up; dressed up
If you dress something up , you try to make it seem more attractive, acceptable, or interesting than it really is.

- Politicians are happier to dress up their ruthless ambition as a necessary pursuit of the public good.

- However you dress it up, a bank only exists to lend money.

PHR-V

dressed up *

1. dressed up
If someone is dressed up , they are wearing special clothes, in order to look smarter than usual or in order to disguise themselves.

- You're all dressed up. Are you going somewhere?.

- You don't have to get dressed up for this party.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

2. dressed up
If you say that something is dressed up as something else, you mean that someone has tried to make it more acceptable or attractive by making it seem like that other thing.

- He tried to organise things so that the trip would be dressed up as a UN mission.

ADJ: v-link ADJ as/in n disapproval

dressage

[D.J.:dreˈsɑ:ʒ]

[K.K.:drəˈsɑʒ, drɛ-]

n.

〈法〉 花式骑术训练

花式骑术表演

dressage **

dressage
Dressage is a competition in which horse riders have to make their horse perform controlled movements.
N-UNCOUNT

dress circle

dress circle
The dress circle is the lowest of the curved rows of seats upstairs in a theatre.
N-SING

dress code

dress code dress codes
The dress code of a place is the rules about what kind of clothes people are allowed to wear there.

- There is a strict dress code at the Ritz Hotel: no trainers or jeans.

N-COUNT

dresser

[D.J.:ˈdresə]

[K.K.:ˈdrɛsɚ]

n.

食具柜,碗柜

穿着…的人

dresser *

1. dresser dressers
A dresser is a chest of drawers, usually with a mirror on the top. (AM; in BRIT use dressing table )
N-COUNT

2. dresser dressers
A dresser is a piece of furniture which has cupboards or drawers in the lower part and shelves in the top part. It is usually used for storing china. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

3. dresser dressers
A dresser is someone who works in a theatre and helps the actors and actresses to dress.

- `Tell them to hold all my calls, Theresa,' she instructed her dresser.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

4. dresser dressers
You can use dresser to refer to the kind of clothes that a person wears. For example, if you say that someone is a smart dresser , you mean that they wear smart clothes.

- She had always been a smart dresser and had on one of her linen frocks.

- ...a legendary beauty and unconventional dresser who only once bought `normal' clothes.

N-COUNT: adj N

dressing-down

dressing-down
If someone gives you a dressing-down , they speak angrily to you because you have done something bad or foolish. (INFORMAL)

- I gave him a good dressing-down.

N-SING
= telling off

dressing gown *

dressing gown dressing gowns
A dressing gown is a long, loose garment which you wear over your night clothes when you are not in bed.
N-COUNT also dressing-gown .

dressing room *

1. dressing room dressing rooms
A dressing room is a room in a theatre where performers can dress and get ready for their performance.
N-COUNT also dressing-room .

2. dressing room dressing rooms
A dressing room is a room at a sports stadium where players can change and get ready for their game. (BRIT; in AM use locker room )
N-COUNT also dressing-room .
= changing room

dressing table *

dressing table dressing tables
A dressing table is a small table in a bedroom. It has drawers underneath and a mirror on top.
N-COUNT also dressing-table .

dressing-up

n.

化妆打扮游戏

dressing-up *

dressing-up
When children play at dressing-up , they put on special or different clothes and pretend to be different people.
N-UNCOUNT also dressing up .

dressmaker

[D.J.:ˈdresˌmeɪkə]

[K.K.:ˈdrɛsˌmekɚ]

n.

(女装)裁缝

dress making

n.

dressmaker

dressmaker dressmakers
A dressmaker is a person who makes women's or children's clothes.
N-COUNT

dressmaker

noun

seamstress

couturier

tailor

dressmaking

[ˈdresˌmeikiŋ]

n.

女装裁制(业)

dressmaking

dressmaking
Dressmaking is the activity or job of making clothes for women or girls.
N-UNCOUNT

dress rehearsal

1. dress rehearsal dress rehearsals
The dress rehearsal of a play, opera, or show is the final rehearsal before it is performed, in which the performers wear their costumes and the lights and scenery are all used as they will be in the performance.
N-COUNT

2. dress rehearsal dress rehearsals
You can describe an event as a dress rehearsal for a later, more important event when it indicates how the later event will be.

- These elections, you could almost say, are a dress rehearsal for the real elections.

N-COUNT

dress sense

dress sense
Someone's dress sense is their ability to choose clothes that make them look attractive.

- I've no dress sense at all.

- When I met Marco I was immediately struck by his great dress sense.

N-UNCOUNT

dress shirt

dress shirt dress shirts
A dress shirt is a special shirt which men wear on formal occasions. It is worn with a dinner jacket and bow tie.
N-COUNT

dressy

[D.J.:ˈdresi]

[K.K.:ˈdrɛsi]

adj.

〈俗〉衣着考究的

dressy

dressy dressier dressiest
Dressy clothes are smart clothes which you wear when you want to look elegant or formal.
ADJ-GRADED

dribble

[D.J.:ˈdrɪbəl]

[K.K.:ˈdrɪbəl]

vi.

流口水

vt. & vi.

(使液体)滴下或作细流

运球, 带球

n.

涓滴, 细滴

运球, 带球

少量(液体)

dribbling

[ˈdribliŋ]

n.

(燃料或油从系统内)漏泄

dribble *

1. dribble dribbles dribbling dribbled
If a liquid dribbles somewhere, or if you dribble it, it drops down slowly or flows in a thin stream.

- Sweat dribbled down Hart's face.

- Dribble the hot mixture slowly into the blender.

V-ERG
= trickle

2. dribble dribbles
A dribble of a liquid is a very small amount of it.

- Apply a dribble of baby shampoo.

- ...lettuce with dribbles of vinaigrette.

N-COUNT: N of n
= drop

3. dribble dribbles dribbling dribbled
When players dribble the ball in a game such as soccer or basketball, they keep kicking or tapping it quickly in order to keep it moving.

- He dribbled the ball towards Ferris.

- He dribbled past four defenders.

- Her dribbling skills look second to none.

VB

4. dribble dribbles dribbling dribbled
If a person dribbles , saliva drops slowly from their mouth.

- ...to protect cot sheets when the baby dribbles...

- She's dribbling on her collar.

VB
= drool

5. dribble
Dribble is saliva that drops slowly from someone's mouth.

- His top is soaked in dribble and he needs his nose wiping quite frequently.

N-UNCOUNT
= drool

6. dribble dribbles dribbling dribbled
If people or things dribble somewhere, they move there slowly and in small numbers.

- ...as the workers dribbled away from city square.

VB
= trickle

dribble

verb

1.

run

drip

drop

fall in drops

leak

ooze

seep

trickle

2.

drool

drivel

slaver

slobber

dribs and drabs

dribs and drabs
If people or things arrive in dribs and drabs , they arrive in small numbers over a period of time rather than arriving all together. (INFORMAL)

- It was a couple of months before I got any clients and then they only came in dribs and drabs.

PHR: PHR after v

dried

[D.J.:draid]

[K.K.:draɪd]

adj.

干燥的,干缩的

dried-up

adj.

枯萎的；干缩的

drier

[D.J.:ˈdraɪə]

[K.K.:ˈdraɪɚ]

n.

干燥器,吹风机,甩干机

dries

[D.J.:drais]

[K.K.:draɪz]

n.

间歇出露区,干出

drily

[D.J.:ˈdraɪlɪ]

adv.

(为达到幽默效果而说话)一本正经地,不形于色地

dry

[D.J.:drai]

[K.K.:draɪ]

adj.

干的, 干燥的, 无雨的

缺水的, 口渴的, 使人口渴的

禁酒的

无趣味的, 枯燥的, 一本正经地表达出来的

vt. & vi.

变干, 把…弄干

dryer

[D.J.:ˈdraɪə]

[K.K.:ˈdraɪɚ]

n.

干燥机, 干燥器, 烘缸

干燥剂, 催干剂, 速干剂

干燥工

drying

[ˈdraiiŋ]

v.

烘干

dryness

[ˈdrainis]

n.

干,干燥

dried **

dried
Dried food or milk has had all the water removed from it so that it will last for a long time.

- ...an infusion which may be prepared from the fresh plant or the dried herb...

- Thirty-six trucks were loaded with some 100 tons of dried milk and bandages.

ADJ: ADJ n
= dehydrated

See also dry .

dry ****

1. dry drier or dryer driest
If something is dry , there is no water or moisture on it or in it.

- Clean the metal with a soft dry cloth.

- Pat it dry with a soft towel.

- Once the paint is dry, apply a coat of the red ochre emulsion paint.

- The path was dry and slithery from the drought.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ wet damp

2. dryness

- ...the parched dryness of the air.

N-UNCOUNT

3. dry or dries drying dried
When something dries or when you dry it, it becomes dry.

- The washing might dry outside today, the sun's shining.

- Leave your hair to dry naturally whenever possible.

- Wash and dry the lettuce.

- Liz laughed again, got up from the water and began to dry herself.

V-ERG

4. dry or dries drying dried
When you dry the dishes after a meal, you wipe the water off the plates, cups, knives, pans, and other things when they have been washed, using a cloth.

- Mrs. Madrigal picked up a towel and began drying dishes next to her daughter.

VB
= wipe

5. dry up or dries up; drying up dried up
Dry up means the same as dry . (BRIT)

- He got up and stood beside Julie, drying up the dishes while she washed.

PHR-V

6. dry drier or dryer driest
If you say that your skin or hair is dry , you mean that it is less oily than or not as soft as normal.

- Nothing looks worse than dry, cracked lips.

- Dry hair can be damaged by washing it too frequently.

- My skin's been getting a little dry recently.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ greasy

7. dryness

- Dryness of the skin can also be caused by living in centrally heated homes and offices.

N-UNCOUNT

8. dry drier or dryer driest
If the weather or a period of time is dry , there is no rain or there is much less rain than average.

- Exceptionally dry weather over the past year had cut agricultural production.

- The spring had been unusually dry and we received only two tenths of an inch of rain during the entire month of June.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ wet

9. dry drier or dryer driest
A dry place or climate is one that gets very little rainfall.

- It was one of the driest and dustiest places in Africa.

- ...a hot, dry climate where the sun is shining all the time.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= arid ≠ wet

10. dryness

- He was advised to spend time in the warmth and dryness of Italy.

N-UNCOUNT

11. dry
In the dry means in a place or at a time that is not damp, wet, or rainy. (mainly BRIT)

- Such cars, however, do grip the road well, even in the dry.

N-SING: the N, usu in N
≠ wet

12. dry drier or dryer driest
If a river, lake, or well is dry , it is empty of water, usually because of hot weather and lack of rain.

- The aquifer which had once fed the wells was pronounced dry.

- The single-engine plane landed at a dry lake in western Arizona.

- In the end the Volga's waters will run dry.

ADJ-GRADED

13. dry
If an oil well is dry , it is no longer producing any oil.

- To harvest oil and gas profitably from the North Sea, it must focus on the exploitation of small reserves as the big wells run dry.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ
= exhausted ≠ productive

14. dry drier or dryer driest
If you are dry , you need to drink something. (INFORMAL)

- She was suddenly thirsty and dry.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= parched

15. dry drier or dryer driest
If your mouth or throat is dry , it has little or no saliva in it, and so feels very unpleasant, perhaps because you are tense or ill.

- His mouth was still dry, he would certainly be glad of a drink.

- My throat was dry. I was at a loss for words.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

16. dryness

- Symptoms included frequent dryness in the mouth.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

17. dry
A dry cough is one that does not produce any mucus.
ADJ: ADJ n

18. dry
If someone has dry eyes, there are no tears in their eyes; often used with negatives or in contexts where you are expressing surprise that they are not crying.

- There were few dry eyes in the house when I finished.

- She didn't wince and her eyes were dry. Talk about brave. She was unbelievable.

ADJ
≠ moist

19. dry
If a country, state, or city is dry , it has laws or rules which forbid anyone to drink, sell, or buy alcoholic drink. (INFORMAL)

- Gujrat has been a totally dry state for the past thirty years.

ADJ
= teetotal

20. dry
If you say that someone is sucking something dry or milking it dry , you are criticizing them for taking all the good things from it until there is nothing left.

- ...a shady rip-off industry that sucks its talent dry then discards it...

- He's just milking the company dry.

ADJ: v n ADJ disapproval

21. dry drier or dryer driest
Dry humour is very amusing, but in a subtle and clever way.

- Though the pressure Fulton is under must be considerable, he has retained his dry humour.

- Mr Brooke is renowned for his dry wit.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval
= witty

22. drily

- As Rossini drily observed, `Wagner has lovely moments but awful quarters of an hour.'

- ...a frank and drily witty woman.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

23. dryness

- It has a wry dryness you won't recognise.

N-UNCOUNT

24. dry drier or dryer driest
If you describe a voice as dry , you mean that it is cold or dull, and does not express any emotions. (WRITTEN)

- When he crept back to his desk, he heard the dry voice of Father Laurence.

ADJ-GRADED
= thin ≠ rich

25. drily

- `Possible,' I said drily, `but not likely'.

ADV: ADV with v

26. dry drier or dryer driest
If you describe something such as a book, play, or activity as dry , you mean that it is dull and uninteresting.

- My eyelids were drooping over the dry, academic phrases.

- A lot of the work was very dry and boring in Westminster.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= dull boring

27. dry
Dry bread or toast is plain and not covered with butter or jam.

- For breakfast, they had dry bread and tea.

ADJ: ADJ n
= unbuttered

28. dry
Dry sherry or wine does not have a sweet taste.

- ...a glass of chilled, dry white wine.

ADJ
≠ sweet

dry up ****

1. dry up or dries up; drying up dried up
If something dries up or if something dries it up , it loses all its moisture and becomes completely dry and shrivelled or hard.

- As the day goes on, the pollen dries up and becomes hard.

- Warm breezes from the South dried up the streets.

PHR-V-ERG

2. dried-up

- ...a tuft or two of dried-up grass.

ADJ
= dessicated

3. dry up or dries up; drying up dried up
If a river, lake, or well dries up , it becomes empty of water, usually because of hot weather and a lack of rain.

- Reservoirs are drying up and farmers have begun to leave their land in search of water.

- The fountain is reputed never to dry up.

PHR-V

4. dried-up

- ...a dried-up river bed.

ADJ
= dry

5. dry up or dries up; drying up dried up
If a supply of something dries up , it stops.

- The main source of income and employment, tourism, is expected to dry up completely this summer.

- Credit from foreign banks is drying up.

- The company laid off 65,000 workers after commercial-jet orders dried up.

PHR-V
= disappear

6. dry up or dries up; drying up dried up
If you dry up when you are speaking, you stop in the middle of what you were saying, because you cannot think what to say next.

- If you ask a woman what she is good at she will dry up after two minutes, but if you ask what she is not good at she will talk for two hours.

PHR-V

dryer *

dryer dryers
A dryer is a machine for drying things. There are different kinds of dryer, for examples ones designed for drying clothes, crops, or people's hair or hands.

- If you buy a drier, look for one with a sensor which switches off when clothes are dry.

- ...hot air electric hand dryers.

N-COUNT: oft n N also drier .
See also dry , tumble dryer .

drying up

drying up
When you do the drying up , you dry things such as plates, pans, knives, and cups after they have been washed. (BRIT; in AM use drying )
N-UNCOUNT: also the N

dry

adjective

1.

dehydrated

arid

barren

desiccated

dried up

parched

thirsty

2.

dull

boring

dreary

monotonous

plain

tedious

tiresome

uninteresting

3.

sarcastic

deadpan

droll

low-key

sly

verb

4.

dehydrate

dehumidify

desiccate

drain

make dry

parch

sear

dried fruit

dried fruit dried fruits
Dried fruit is fruit that has been preserved by being dried; used especially to refer to currants, raisins, or sultanas, which are kinds of dried grapes.
N-VAR

dried-up

dried-up
If you describe someone as dried-up , you are saying rudely that they are old and dull, and not worth paying attention to. (INFORMAL)

- She has no intention of becoming a dried-up old prune tossed out on a heap and forgotten.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
≠ vibrant

See also dry up .

drift

[D.J.:drift]

[K.K.:drɪft]

vi.

漂, 漂流

漂泊, 流浪

n.

漂移, 漂流

吹积物; 堆积物

趋势, 动向, 倾向

大意, 要点, 主旨

drifting

[ˈdriftiŋ]

adj.

漂流的,飘动的

drifts

分额;作业分额

drift ***

1. drift drifts drifting drifted
When something drifts somewhere, it is carried there by the movement of wind or water.

- We proceeded to drift on up the river.

- The climbing balloon drifted silently over the countryside.

- The waves became rougher as they drifted.

VB

2. drift drifts drifting drifted
If someone or something drifts into a situation, they get into that situation in a way that is not planned or controlled.

- We need to offer young people drifting into crime an alternative set of values.

- She and her husband drifted apart and, eventually, they divorced.

- There is a general sense that the country and economy alike are drifting.

VB

3. drift drifts drifting drifted
If you say that someone drifts around, you mean that they travel from place to place without a plan or settled way of life.

- You've been drifting from job to job without any real commitment.

VB disapproval

4. drift drifts
A drift is a movement away from somewhere or something, or a movement towards somewhere or something different.

- ...the drift towards the cities.

N-COUNT: usu N prep

5. drift drifts drifting drifted
To drift somewhere means to move there slowly or gradually.

- As rural factories shed labour, people drift towards the cities.

VB

6. drift drifts drifting drifted
If sounds drift somewhere, they can be heard but they are not very loud.

- Cool summer dance sounds are drifting from the stereo indoors.

VB

7. drift drifts drifting drifted
If snow drifts , it builds up into piles as a result of the movement of the wind.

- The snow, except where it drifted, was only calf-deep.

- The storm caused severe drifting.

- ...the white and drifted snow.

VB

8. drift drifts
A drift is a mass of snow that has built up into a pile as a result of the movement of wind.

- A nine-year-old boy was trapped in a snow drift.

N-COUNT

9. drift drifts
A drift of something is an amount of it that has been created by the movement of wind or water.

- There was a drift of smoke above the trees.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n

10. drift
The drift of an argument or speech is the general point that is being made in it.

- Grace was beginning to get his drift.

- Anybody who's listening will get the drift of what he was saying.

- I follow the drift of her conversation.

N-SING: poss N, N of n
= gist

drift

verb

1.

float

be carried along

coast

go (aimlessly)

meander

stray

waft

wander

2.

pile up

accumulate

amass

bank up

drive

gather

noun

3.

pile

accumulation

bank

heap

mass

mound

4.

meaning

direction

gist

import

intention

purport

significance

tendency

thrust

drift off ***

drift off drifts off; drifting off; drifted off
If you drift off to sleep, you gradually fall asleep.

- It was only when he finally drifted off to sleep that the headaches eased.

PHR-V

drifter

[D.J.:ˈdriftə]

[K.K.:ˈdrɪftɚ]

n.

漂流物,流浪者,漂网渔船

drifter

drifter drifters
If you describe someone as a drifter , you mean that they do not stay in one place or in one job for very long.
N-COUNT disapproval

drifter

noun

wanderer

beachcomber

bum informal

hobo U.S.

itinerant

rolling stone

vagrant

driftwood

[D.J.:ˈdriftwud]

[K.K.:ˈdrɪftˌwʊd]

n.

流木,浮木,(社会变动所产生的)无用的人

driftwood

driftwood
Driftwood is wood which has been carried onto the shore by the motion of the sea or a river, or which is still floating on the water.
N-UNCOUNT

drill

[D.J.:dril]

[K.K.:drɪl]

n.

钻头, 钻床

操练, 训练

vt. & vi.

钻(孔); 打(眼)

操练, 训练

drilling

[ˈdriliŋ]

n.

演练

drill **

1. drill drills
A drill is a tool or machine that you use for making holes.

- ...pneumatic drills.

- ...a dentist's drill.

N-COUNT

2. drill drills drilling drilled
When you drill into something or drill a hole in something, you make a hole in it using a drill.

- He drilled into the wall of Lili's bedroom.

- I drilled five holes at equal distance.

VB

3. drill drills drilling drilled
When people drill for oil or water, they search for it by drilling deep holes in the ground or in the bottom of the sea.

- There have been proposals to drill for more oil.

- The team is still drilling.

VB

4. drilling

- Drilling is due to start early next year.

N-UNCOUNT

5. drill drills
A drill is a way that teachers teach their students something by making them repeat it many times.

- The teacher runs them through a drill -- the days of the week, the weather and some counting.

N-COUNT

6. drill drills drilling drilled
If you drill people, you teach them to do something by making them repeat it many times.

- He drills the choir to a high standard.

VB

7. drilling

- ...stimulation rather than repetitive drilling.

N-UNCOUNT

8. drill drills
A drill is repeated training for a group of people, especially soldiers, so that they can do something quickly and efficiently.

- The Marines carried out landing exercises in a drill that includes 18 ships and 90 aircraft.

- His hands were clasped behind him like a drill sergeant.

N-VAR: oft N n

9. drill drills
A drill is a routine exercise or activity, in which people practise what they should do in dangerous situations.

- ...a fire drill.

- ...air-raid drills.

N-COUNT: oft n N

10. drill
Drill is thick cotton material which is used for making uniforms and trousers.

- ...cotton drill.

N-UNCOUNT: oft n N, N n

11. drill drills
A drill is a long line in the earth, a few centimetres deep, which a farmer or gardener makes to plant seeds in.

- Sow the seeds in drills about 1/2in. deep and 12in. apart.

N-COUNT

drill

noun

1.

boring tool

bit

borer

gimlet

2.

training

discipline

exercise

instruction

practice

preparation

repetition

verb

3.

bore

penetrate

perforate

pierce

puncture

sink in

4.

train

coach

discipline

exercise

instruct

practise

rehearse

teach

drink in ****

drink in drinks in; drinking in; drank in; drunk in
If you drink in something that you see or hear, you pay a lot of attention to it and enjoy it.

- She stood drinking in the glittering view.

PHR-V

drink to ****

drink to drinks to; drinking to; drank to; drunk to
When people drink to someone or something, they wish them success, good luck, or good health before having an alcoholic drink.

- Let's drink to his memory, eh?

PHR-V

drink up ****

drink up drinks up; drinking up; drank up; drunk up
When you drink up an amount of liquid, you finish it completely.

- Drink up your sherry and we'll go.

- Drink up, there's time for another.

PHR-V

drinkable

[D.J.:ˈdriŋkəbl]

[K.K.:ˈdrɪŋkəbəl]

adj.

可饮用的

drinkable

1. drinkable
Water that is drinkable is clean and safe for drinking.
ADJ

2. drinkable
If you say that a particular wine, beer, or other drink is drinkable , you mean that it tastes quite pleasant.

- The food was good and the wine drinkable.

- ...a very drinkable plonk.

ADJ-GRADED

drink driver

1. drink driver drink drivers
A drink driver is someone who drives after drinking more than the amount of alcohol that is legally allowed. (BRIT; in AM use drunk driver )

- Drink drivers cause ten deaths a week.

N-COUNT

2. drink driving

- ...a drink driving conviction.

N-UNCOUNT

drinker

[D.J.:ˈdrɪŋkə]

[K.K.:ˈdrɪŋkɚ]

n.

饮酒者;(尤指)酗酒者,酒徒

常饮…酒者;常喝…饮料者

drinker *

1. drinker drinkers
If someone is a tea drinker or a beer drinker , for example, they regularly drink tea or beer.

- Sherry drinkers far outnumber wine drinkers or whisky drinkers.

N-COUNT: supp N

2. drinker drinkers
If you describe someone as a drinker , you mean that they drink alcohol, especially in large quantities.

- You don't need to be a smoker or a drinker to risk heart disease.

- I'm not a heavy drinker.

N-COUNT

drinking fountain

drinking fountain drinking fountains
A drinking fountain is a device which supplies water for people to drink in places such as streets, parks, or schools.
N-COUNT

drinking water *

drinking water
Drinking water is water which it is safe to drink.
N-UNCOUNT

drip

[D.J.:drip]

[K.K.:drɪp]

vt. & vi.

(使)滴下

vi.

滴出, 漏下

dripping

[D.J.:ˈdripiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdrɪpɪŋ]

n.

滴,滴下,滴下物,油滴

drip **

1. drip drips dripping dripped
When liquid drips somewhere, or you drip it somewhere, it falls in individual small drops.

- Sit your child forward and let the blood drip into a tissue or on to the floor.

- Amid the trees the sea mist was dripping and moisture formed on Tom's glasses.

- ...harassed parents trying to stop their children from dripping Coke on the carpets.

V-ERG

2. drip drips dripping dripped
When something drips , drops of liquid fall from it.

- A tap in the kitchen was dripping.

- Lou was dripping with perspiration.

- He was holding a cloth that dripped pink drops upon the floor.

VB

3. drip drips
A drip is a small individual drop of a liquid.

- Drips of water rolled down the trousers of his uniform.

N-COUNT

4. drip drips
A drip is a piece of medical equipment by which a liquid is slowly passed through a tube into a patient's blood.

- I had a bad attack of pneumonia and spent two days in hospital on a drip.

N-COUNT

5. drip drips dripping dripped
If you say that something is dripping with a particular thing, you mean that it contains a lot of that thing. (LITERARY)

- They were dazed by window displays dripping with diamonds and furs.

- His voice was dripping with sarcasm.

VB: usu cont

6. drip drips
If you call someone a drip , you mean that they are rather stupid and lacking in enthusiasm or energy. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

dripping

1. dripping
Dripping is the fat which comes out of meat when it is fried or roasted, and which can be used for frying food.
N-UNCOUNT

2. dripping
If you are dripping wet , you are so wet that water is dripping from you.

- We were dripping wet from the spray.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
= sopping

drip

verb

1.

drop

dribble

exude

plop

splash

sprinkle

trickle

noun

2.

drop

dribble

leak

trickle

3.

weakling

mummy's boy informal

namby-pamby

softie informal

weed informal

wet Brit. informal

drip-dry

[D.J.:ˈdripdrai]

[K.K.:ˈdrɪpˈdraɪ]

vi.

随洗随干

adj.

随洗随干的,快干性的

drip-dry

drip-dry
Drip-dry clothes or sheets are made of a fabric that dries free of creases when it is hung up wet.

- ...drip-dry shirts.

ADJ

drippy

[D.J.:ˈdripi]

[K.K.:ˈdrɪpi]

adj.

滴落的,多雨的,潮湿的

drippy

drippy
If you describe someone as drippy , you mean that they are rather stupid and weak. If you describe something such as a book or a type of music as drippy , you mean that you think it is rather stupid, dull, and sentimental. (INFORMAL)

- These men look a bit drippy.

- ...drippy infantile ideas.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= wet

drive

[D.J.:draiv]

[K.K.:draɪv]

vt.

驱赶

驱使, 促使

敲, 击

vt. & vi.

驾驶

n.

乘车旅行

私人车道

传动, 驱动

干劲, 积极性, 能动性

紧迫, 逼迫, 压力

driven

[D.J.:ˈdrɪvən]

[K.K.:ˈdrɪvən]

adj.

(人)奋发努力的;发愤图强的

(as) pure as the driven snow

像雪一样纯洁；道德高尚

driving

[D.J.:ˈdraiviŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdraɪvɪŋ]

n.

操纵,驾驶

adj.

推进的,强劲的,精力旺盛的

drove

[D.J.:drəʊv]

[K.K.:drov]

n.

移动的人群或大批东西

drive *****

1. drive drives driving drove driven
When you drive somewhere, you operate a car or other vehicle and control its movement and direction.

- I drove into town and went to a restaurant for dinner.

- He put the bags in the car and drove off.

- She never learned to drive.

- Mrs Glick drove her own car and the girls went in Nancy's convertible.

VB

2. driving

- ...a qualified driving instructor...

- It was an outrageous piece of dangerous driving.

N-UNCOUNT

3. drive drives driving drove driven
If you drive someone somewhere, you take them there in a car or other vehicle.

- His daughter Carly drove him to the train station.

VB

4. drive drives
A drive is a journey in a car or other vehicle.

- I thought we might go for a drive on Sunday.

N-COUNT

5. drive drives
A drive is a wide piece of hard ground, or sometimes a private road, that leads from the road to a person's house.
N-COUNT
= driveway

6. drive drives driving drove driven
If something drives a machine, it supplies the power that makes it work.

- The current flows into electric motors that drive the wheels.

VB

7. drive
Drive is the power supplied by the engine to particular wheels in a car or other vehicle to make the vehicle move.

- He put the jeep in four-wheel drive and splashed up the slope.

N-UNCOUNT: usu n N

8. drive drives
You use drive to refer to the mechanical part of a computer which reads the data on disks and tapes, or writes data onto them.

- The firm specialised in supplying pieces of equipment, such as terminals, tape drives or printers.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
See also disk drive .

9. drive drives driving drove driven
If you drive something such as a nail into something else, you push it in or hammer it in using a lot of effort.

- I had to use our sledgehammer to drive the pegs into the side of the path.

- We managed to hold a strip of lead along it long enough for me to drive in a nail.

VB

10. drive drives driving drove driven
In games such as cricket, golf, soccer, or football, if a player drives a ball somewhere, they kick or hit it there with a lot of force.

- The clearance fell to Armstrong, who drove the ball into the roof of the Liverpool net.

VB

11. drive drives
In golf, a drive is the first stroke a player makes from the tee.

- Woosnam sliced his drive into the bushes.

N-COUNT

12. drive drives driving drove driven
If the wind, rain, or snow drives in a particular direction, it moves with great force in that direction.

- Rain drove against the window.

VB

13. driving

- He crashed into a tree in driving rain.

- ...rescuers battling through driving snow.

ADJ: ADJ n

14. drive drives driving drove driven
If you drive people or animals somewhere, you make them go to or from that place.

- The last offensive drove thousands of people into Thailand.

- Every summer the shepherds drive the sheep up to pasture.

- The smoke also drove mosquitoes away.

VB

15. drive drives driving drove driven
To drive someone into a particular state or situation means to force them into that state or situation.

- The recession and hospital bills drove them into bankruptcy.

- He nearly drove Elsie mad with his fussing.

VB

16. drive drives driving drove driven
The desire or feeling that drives a person to do something, especially something extreme, is the desire or feeling that causes them to do it.

- More than once, depression drove him to attempt suicide.

- Jealousy drives people to murder.

- If we are driven by guilt, resentment and anxiety, our children will absorb these feelings and express them too.

- ...a man driven by a pathological need to win.

VB

17. drive
If you say that someone has drive , you mean they have energy and determination.

- John will be best remembered for his drive and enthusiasm.

N-UNCOUNT

18. drive drives
A drive is a very strong need or desire in human beings that makes them act in particular ways.

- ...compelling, dynamic sex drives.

N-COUNT
= campaign

19. drive
A drive is a special effort made by a group of people for a particular purpose.

- The ANC is about to launch a nationwide recruitment drive.

- The Church in Haiti has played an important role in the drive towards democracy.

N-SING: with supp

20. drive
Drive is used in the names of some streets.

- ...23 Queen's Drive, Malvern, Worcestershire.

N-IN-NAMES

21. drive
If you ask someone what they are driving at , you are asking what they are trying to say or what they are saying indirectly.

- It was clear Cohen didn't understand what Millard was driving at.

PHR: V inflects

driven

Driven is the past participle of drive .

driving *

driving
The driving force or idea behind something that happens or is done is the main thing that has a strong effect on it and makes it happen or be done in a particular way.

- Consumer spending was the driving force behind the economic growth in the summer.

- Bruce Rioch's driving ambition is the main reason behind their new-found success.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also drive .

drove

drove
Drove is the past tense of drive .

drive

verb Informal

1.

operate

direct

guide

handle

manage

motor

ride

steer

travel

2.

goad

coerce

constrain

force

press

prod

prompt

spur

3.

push

herd

hurl

impel

propel

send

urge

4.

push

hammer

ram

thrust

noun

5.

run

excursion

jaunt

journey

outing

ride

spin informal

trip

6.

campaign

action

appeal

crusade

effort

push informal

7.

initiative

ambition

energy

enterprise

get-up-and-go informal

motivation

vigour

zip informal

driving

adjective

forceful

compelling

dynamic

energetic

sweeping

vigorous

violent

drove

noun

herd

collection

company

crowd

flock

horde

mob

multitude

swarm

throng

drive away *****

drive away drives away; driving away; drove away; driven away
To drive people away means to make them want to go away or stay away.

- Patrick's boorish rudeness soon drove Monica's friends away.

- Increased crime in the Fifth Ward is driving away customers.

PHR-V

drive off *****

drive off drives off; driving off; drove off; driven off
If you drive someone or something off , you force them to go away and to stop attacking you or threatening you.

- The government said it drove the guerrillas off with infantry and air strikes.

- Men drove off the dogs with stones.

PHR-V

drive out *****

drive out drives out; driving out; drove out; driven out
To drive out something means to make it disappear or stop operating.

- Herbert offered whisky `to drive out the chill'.

- He cut his rates to drive out rivals.

PHR-V

drive-by

[D.J.:ˈdraɪvˌbaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdraɪvˌbaɪ]

adj.

(谋杀事件)从行使的汽车上射击作案的

drive-by

drive-by
A drive-by shooting or a drive-by murder involves shooting someone from a moving car.

- He was killed by three shots to the head in a drive-by shooting.

ADJ: ADJ n

drive-in

[D.J.:ˈdraivˈin]

[K.K.:ˈdraɪvˌɪn]

n.

免下车餐馆,免下车电影院(顾客可坐在自己的车上购物、进餐、看电影等等)

adj.

免下车的

drive-in *

1. drive-in drive-ins
A drive-in is a restaurant, cinema, or other commercial place which is specially designed so that customers can use the services provided while staying in their cars.

- ...a small neat town, uncluttered by stores, gas stations or fast food drive-ins.

N-COUNT

2. drive-in
Also an adjective.

- ...a drive-in movie theater.

ADJ: ADJ n

drivel

[D.J.:ˈdrivl]

[K.K.:ˈdrɪvəl]

v.

淌口水,说傻话;胡说

n.

流口水,胡言乱语,糊涂话

drivel

drivel
If you describe something that is written or said as drivel , you are critical of it because you think it is very silly.

- What absolute drivel!.

- She is still writing mindless drivel.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= nonsense

drivel

noun

1.

nonsense

garbage informal

gibberish

hogwash

hot air informal

poppycock informal

rubbish

trash

twaddle

waffle informal chiefly Brit.

verb

2.

babble

blether

gab informal

prate

ramble

waffle informal chiefly Brit.

driver

[D.J.:ˈdraivə]

[K.K.:ˈdraɪvɚ]

n.

驱赶动物或人的人

驾驶员, 车夫

drivers

驱动器,驱动程序

driver ****

driver drivers
The driver of a vehicle is the person who is driving it.

- The driver got out of his van.

- ...a taxi driver.

N-COUNT
See also back-seat driver .

driver's license

driver's license driver's licenses
A driver's license is a card showing that you are qualified to drive because you have passed a driving test. (AM; in BRIT use driving licence )
N-COUNT

driver's seat

1. driver's seat
In a vehicle such as a car or a bus, the driver's seat is the seat where the person who is driving sits.
N-SING: usu the N

2. driver's seat
If you say that someone is in the driver's seat , you mean that they are in control in a situation.

- Now he knows he's in the driver's seat and can wait for a better deal.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

drive shaft

drive shaft drive shafts
A drive shaft is a shaft in a car or other vehicle that transfers power from the gear box to the wheels.
N-COUNT

drive-through

drive-through
A drive-through shop or restaurant is one where you can buy things without leaving your car.

- ...a drive-through burger bar.

ADJ: ADJ n

driveway

[D.J.:ˈdraivwei]

[K.K.:ˈdraɪvˌwe]

n.

车道

driveway *

driveway driveways
A driveway is a piece of hard ground that leads from the road to the front of a house or other building.
N-COUNT
= drive

driving licence *

driving licence driving licences
A driving licence is a card showing that you are qualified to drive because you have passed a driving test. (BRIT; in AM use driver's license )
N-COUNT
= driver's licence

driving range

driving range driving ranges
A driving range is an outdoor place where you can practise playing golf.
N-COUNT

driving school

driving school driving schools
A driving school is a business that employs instructors who teach people how to drive a car.
N-COUNT

driving seat

1. driving seat
In a vehicle such as a car or a bus, the driving seat is the seat where the person who is driving the vehicle sits.

- He got into the driving seat and started the engine.

N-SING: usu the N
= driver's seat

2. driving seat
If you say that someone is in the driving seat , you mean that they are in control in a situation.

- At 69 he is as firmly in the driving seat of the company as ever.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, PHR after v

drizzle

[ˈdrizl]

vi.

下蒙蒙细雨, 下毛毛雨

n.

蒙蒙细雨, 毛毛雨

drizzle *

1. drizzle
Drizzle is light rain falling in fine drops.

- The drizzle had now stopped and the sun was breaking through.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

2. drizzle drizzles drizzling drizzled
If it is drizzling , it is raining very lightly.

- Clouds had come down and it was starting to drizzle.

- I walked home in the drizzling rain.

VB

3. drizzle drizzles drizzling drizzled
If you drizzle a liquid over food or drizzle food with a liquid, you pour a small quantity of the liquid all over the food.

- Drizzle the remaining dressing over the duck and salad.

- Drizzle them with warmed extra virgin olive oil.

VB

drizzle

noun

1.

fine rain

Scotch mist

verb

2.

rain

shower

spot or spit with rain

spray

sprinkle

drizzly

[D.J.:ˈdrɪzəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdrɪzəlɪ]

adj.

下毛毛雨的

drizzly

drizzly
When the weather is drizzly , the sky is dull and grey and it rains steadily but not very hard.

- ...a dull, drizzly afternoon...

- It was dull and slightly drizzly as we left.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ

droll

[D.J.:drəʊl]

[K.K.:drol]

adj.

离奇古怪的,滑稽的

drollness

n.

离奇古怪,滑稽

drolly

adv.

古里古怪地,滑稽地

drollness

n.

幽默,诙谐

drolly

adv.

幽默地,诙谐地

droll

droll
Something or someone that is droll is amusing or witty, sometimes in an unexpected way. (WRITTEN)

- The band have a droll sense of humour.

ADJ-GRADED

droll

adjective

amusing

comical

entertaining

funny

humorous

jocular

waggish

whimsical

drone

[D.J.:drəʊn]

[K.K.:dron]

n.

雄蜂

不务正业而依赖他人为生者

嗡嗡声

沉闷单调的谈话

持续的低音或和音

vi.

发出嗡嗡声

vt. & vi.

(以低沉、单调的声调)谈, 说, 唱

drone on (about sth)

唠唠叨叨地说

droning

[ˈdrəuniŋ]

adj.

发嗡嗡声的,声音低沉单调的

drone *

1. drone drones droning droned
If something drones , it makes a low, continuous, dull noise.

- Above him an invisible plane droned through the night sky.

- ...a virtually non-stop droning noise in the background.

VB

2. drone
Also a noun.

- ...the constant drone of the motorways.

N-SING: usu N of n

3. droning

- ...the droning of a plane far overhead.

N-SING: usu N of n

4. drone drones droning droned
If you say that someone drones , you mean that they keep talking about something in a boring way.

- Chambers' voice droned, maddening as an insect around his head.

- The droning murmur of the doctor's voice in the bedroom had ceased.

VB disapproval

5. drone
Also a noun.

- The minister's voice was a relentless drone.

N-SING

6. drone on drones on; droning on; droned on
Drone on means the same as drone .

- Aunt Maimie's voice droned on.

- Daniel just drones on about American policy.

PHR-V

7. drone drones
People who do not contribute anything to society or to an organization are sometimes described as drones .

- A few are dim-witted drones, but most are talented, frustrated, wasted people.

N-COUNT: usu pl disapproval

8. drone drones
A drone is a male bee.
N-COUNT

drone

verb

1.

hum

buzz

purr

thrum

vibrate

whirr

drone on

2.

speak monotonously

be boring

chant

intone

spout

talk interminably

noun

3.

hum

buzz

murmuring

purr

thrum

vibration

whirring

drool

[D.J.:dru:l]

[K.K.:drul]

vi.

流口水

对某人或某物流露出痴迷的神情

drool over

痴情地看；迷恋地看

drooling

垂涎

drool

1. drool drools drooling drooled
To drool over someone or something means to look at them with great pleasure, perhaps in an exaggerated or ridiculous way.

- Fashion editors drooled over every item.

- Advertisers are already drooling at reports that this might bring 20 million dollars.

- ...his wife's constant drooling over a poodle.

VB disapproval

2. drool drools drooling drooled
If a person or animal drools , saliva drops slowly from their mouth.

- My dog Jacques is drooling on my shoulder.

VB
= slobber

drool

verb

1.

dribble

drivel

salivate

slaver

slobber

water at the mouth

drool over

2.

gloat over

dote on

gush

make much of

rave about informal

droop

[D.J.:dru:p]

[K.K.:drup]

vi.

弯曲或下垂, 发蔫

drooping

[ˈdru:piŋ]

adj.

下垂的,无力的

droop *

1. droop droops drooping drooped
If something droops , it hangs or leans downwards with no strength or firmness.

- Crook's eyelids drooped and he yawned.

- Pale wilting roses drooped from a blue vase.

- ...a young man with a drooping moustache.

VB

2. droop
Also a noun.

- ...the droop of his shoulders.

N-SING: usu N of n

droop

verb

sag

bend

dangle

drop

fall down

hang (down)

sink

droopy

[ˈdru:pi]

adj.

下垂的,无精打采的

droopy

droopy droopier droopiest
If you describe something as droopy , you mean that it hangs down with no strength or firmness.

- ...a tall man with a droopy moustache.

ADJ-GRADED

drop

[D.J.:drɔp]

[K.K.:drɑp]

vt. & vi.

(使)落下, 投下

(使)降低, 减少, 减弱

vt.

放弃, 断绝交往

漏掉, 丢掉

让人下车, 卸下货物

n.

滴, 滴剂, 滴状物

降落, 下跌

空投, 空投物

dropped

[drɔpt]

adj.

抛踢球得分的

dropping

[D.J.:ˈdrɔpiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdrɑpɪŋ]

n.

滴下,滴下物,空投,兽粪

drops

冷珠;铁豆

drop ****

1. drop drops dropping dropped
If a level or amount drops or if someone or something drops it, it quickly becomes less.

- Temperatures can drop to freezing at night.

- Once the rate rises it never drops back to its previous level.

- His blood pressure had dropped severely.

- He had dropped the price of his London home by £1.25m.

V-ERG

2. drop drops
Also a noun.

- He was prepared to take a drop in wages.

- The poll indicates a drop in support for the Conservatives.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N in n

3. drop drops dropping dropped
If you drop something, you accidentally let it fall.

- I dropped my glasses and broke them.

VB

4. drop drops dropping dropped
If something drops onto something else, it falls onto that thing. If something drops from somewhere, it falls from that place.

- He felt hot tears dropping onto his fingers.

- Burning embers started dropping from the ceiling.

- His toupee dropped off, revealing his bald head.

VB

5. drop drops dropping dropped
If you drop something somewhere or if it drops there, you deliberately let it fall there.

- Drop the noodles into the water.

- He dropped his plate into the sink.

- ...shaped pots that simply drop into their own container...

- Bombs drop round us and the floor shudders.

V-ERG

6. dropping

- ...the anniversary of the dropping of the first atomic bomb.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

7. drop drops dropping dropped
If a person or a part of their body drops to a lower position, or if they drop a part of their body to a lower position, they move to that position, often in a tired and lifeless way.

- Nancy dropped into a nearby chair.

- She let her head drop.

- He dropped his hands on to his wasted, motionless legs.

V-ERG

8. drop drops dropped
To drop is used in expressions such as to be about to drop and to dance until you drop to emphasize that you are exhausted and can no longer continue doing something.

- She looked about to drop.

- You have to run until you drop.

VB: no cont emphasis

9. drop drops dropping dropped
If a man drops his trousers, he pulls them down, usually as a joke or to be rude.

- A couple of boozy revellers dropped their trousers.

VB

10. drop drops dropping dropped
If your voice drops or if you drop your voice, you speak more quietly.

- Her voice will drop to a dismissive whisper.

- He dropped his voice and glanced round at the door.

V-ERG

11. drop drops dropping dropped
If you drop someone or something somewhere, you take them somewhere and leave them there, usually in a car or other vehicle.

- He dropped me outside the hotel.

- Many children had been dropped at the stadium by their parents.

- Tim had dropped the letter in earlier.

VB

12. drop off drops off; dropping off; dropped off
Drop off means the same as drop .

- Just drop me off at the airport.

- He was dropping off a late birthday present.

PHR-V

13. drop drops dropping dropped
If you drop an idea, course of action, or habit, you do not continue with it.

- He was told to drop the idea.

- The prosecution was forced to drop the case.

- Many nations still had not dropped sanctions against South Africa.

VB
= give up

14. dropping

- This was one of the factors that led to President Suharto's dropping of his previous objections.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

15. drop drops dropping dropped
If someone is dropped by a sports team or organization, they are no longer included in that team or employed by that organization.

- The country's captain was dropped from the tour party to England.

VB: usu passive

16. drop drops dropping dropped
If you drop a game or part of a game in a sports competition, you lose it.

- Oremans, who has yet to drop a set, is on course for a match with Jana Novotna.

VB

17. drop drops dropping dropped
If you drop to a lower position in a sports competition, you move to that position.

- Britain has dropped from second to third place in the league.

VB

18. drop drops
A drop of a liquid is a very small amount of it shaped like a little ball. In informal English, you can also use drop when you are referring to a very small amount of something such as a drink.

- ...a drop of blue ink...

- Add the cream a few drops at a time.

- I'll have another drop of that Italian milk.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

19. drop drops
Drops are a kind of medicine which you put drop by drop into your ears, eyes, or nose.
N-PLURAL: oft n N

20. drop drops
Fruit or chocolate drops are small round sweets with a fruit or chocolate flavour.
N-COUNT: usu pl, n N

21. drop drops
You use drop to talk about vertical distances. For example, a thirty-foot drop is a distance of thirty feet between the top of a cliff or wall and the bottom of it.

- There was a sheer drop just outside my window.

- It's only a four-foot drop.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

22. drop
If you drop a hint , you give a hint or say something in a casual way.

- If I drop a few hints he might give me a cutting.

PHR: V inflects

23. drop
If you want someone to drop the subject , drop it , or let it drop , you want them to stop talking about something, often because you are annoyed that they keep talking about it.

- Mary Ann wished he would just drop it.

- Does that mean you're going to drop the subject?

PHR: V inflects

drop off ****

1. drop off drops off; dropping off; dropped off
If you drop off to sleep, you go to sleep. (INFORMAL)

- I must have dropped off to sleep.

- Just as I was dropping off, a strange thought crossed my mind.

PHR-V

2. drop off drops off; dropping off; dropped off
If the level of something drops off , it becomes less.

- Sales to the British forces are expected to drop off.

- The daily toll of casualties has dropped off sharply.

PHR-V
= decrease

drop

verb

1.

fall

decline

descend

diminish

plummet

plunge

sink

tumble

2.

drip

dribble

fall in drops

trickle

3.

discontinue

axe informal

give up

kick informal

quit

relinquish

noun

4.

droplet

bead

bubble

drip

globule

pearl

tear

5.

dash

mouthful

shot informal

sip

spot

tot

trace

trickle

6.

decrease

cut

decline

deterioration

downturn

fall-off

lowering

reduction

slump

7.

fall

descent

plunge

drop off

verb

1.

set down

deliver

leave

let off

2.

fall asleep

doze (off)

have forty winks informal

nod (off)

snooze informal

3.

decrease

decline

diminish

dwindle

fall off

lessen

slacken

drop away ****

drop away drops away; dropping away; dropped away
If land or ground drops away , it slopes down so that it is at a lower level to where you are or from a particular point that has been mentioned.

- To the south the hills dropped away to farmland.

- From the house, the garden drops away, surrounded by a rural scene of woodland.

PHR-V

drop by ****

drop by drops by; dropping by; dropped by
If you drop by , you visit someone informally.

- She and Danny will drop by later.

- He tried to drop by the office of the guy in charge of marketing.

PHR-V

drop in ****

drop in drops in; dropping in; dropped in
If you drop in on someone, you visit them informally, usually without having arranged it.

- Whenever I'm up there I always drop in.

- Why not drop in for a chat?.

- She spent most of the day dropping in on friends in Edinburgh.

PHR-V
= call in

drop out ****

1. drop out drops out; dropping out; dropped out
If someone drops out of college or a race, for example, they leave it without finishing what they started.

- He'd dropped out of high school at the age of 16.

- She dropped out after 20 kilometres with stomach trouble.

PHR-V

2. drop out drops out; dropping out; dropped out
If someone drops out , they reject the accepted ways of society and live outside the usual system.

- She encourages people to keep their jobs rather than dropping out to live in a commune.

PHR-V disapproval
See also drop-out .

drop out

verb Informal

leave

abandon

fall by the wayside

give up

quit

stop

withdraw

drop-dead

[D.J.:ˈdrɔpˌded]

[K.K.:ˈdrɑpˌdɛd]

adv.

〈美〉异常地；独特地

drop-dead

1. drop-dead
If you describe someone as, for example, drop-dead gorgeous, you mean that they are so gorgeous that people cannot fail to notice them. (INFORMAL)

- She said that she sat next to Campbell-Black at dinner and that he was drop-dead gorgeous.

- The effect is soft and pretty rather than drop-dead sexy.

ADV: ADV adj

2. drop-dead
Also an adjective.

- ...the drop-dead glamour of the designer decade.

ADJ: ADJ n

drop goal

drop goal drop goals
In rugby, a drop goal is a goal that a player scores by dropping the ball and kicking it between the posts.
N-COUNT

drop-in

[D.J.:ˈdrɔpˌɪn]

[K.K.:ˈdrɑpˌɪn]

n.

混乱信息

drop-in

drop-in
Drop-in centres or services provide information and help for people with particular problems, usually on a free and informal basis.

- ...a drop-in centre for young mothers.

ADJ: ADJ n

droplet

[D.J.:ˈdrɔplit]

[K.K.:ˈdrɑplɪt]

n.

小滴

droplet *

droplet droplets
A droplet is a very small drop of liquid.

- Droplets of sweat were welling up on his forehead.

- ...water droplets.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, n N

drop-out

[ˈdrɔpˌaut]

n.

逃避现实社会的人;中途退学的人

drop-out *

1. drop-out drop-outs
If you describe someone as a drop-out , you disapprove of the fact that they have rejected the accepted ways of society, for example by not having a regular job.
N-COUNT also dropout . disapproval

2. drop-out drop-outs
A drop-out is someone who has left school or college before they have finished their studies.

- ...high-school drop-outs.

N-COUNT also dropout .

3. drop-out
If you refer to the drop-out rate, you are referring to the number of people who leave a school or college early, or leave a course or other activity before they have finished it.

- The drop-out rate among students is currently one in three.

ADJ: ADJ n also dropout .

dropper

[D.J.:ˈdrɔpə]

[K.K.:ˈdrɑpɚ]

n.

使滴下的东西,点滴器

dropper

dropper droppers
A dropper is a small glass tube with a hollow rubber part on one end which you use for drawing up and dropping small amounts of liquid.
N-COUNT

droppings

[D.J.:ˈdrɔpɪŋz]

n.

(鸟兽的)排泄物

droppings *

droppings
Droppings are the faeces of birds and small animals.

- ...pigeon droppings.

N-PLURAL

dross

[D.J.:drɔs, drɔ:s]

[K.K.:drɑs, drɔs]

n.

废料,渣滓

劣质品

dross

dross
If you describe something as dross , you mean that it is of very poor quality or has no value. (LITERARY)

- I go through phases where I can't write anything for two or three months and what I do write is just dross.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= rubbish

drought

[D.J.:draut]

[K.K.:draʊt]

n.

干旱(时期)

drought **

drought droughts
A drought is a long period of time during which no rain falls.

- ...a country where drought and famines have killed up to two million people during the last eighteen years...

- He told a press conference that Spain was suffering one of the worst droughts of the century.

N-VAR

drought

noun

dry spell

aridity

dehydration

dryness

drover

[D.J.:ˈdrəuvə]

[K.K.:ˈdrovɚ]

n.

牲畜贩子,把家畜赶到市集的人,家畜商人

drover

drover drovers
A drover is someone whose job is to make sheep or cattle move from one place to another in groups.
N-COUNT

droves *

droves
If you say that people are going somewhere or doing something in droves , you are emphasizing that there is a very large number of them.

- Scientists are leaving the country in droves.

- In the warm petrol-scented night, droves of young men and girls were strolling along the quays and packing the bars.

N-PLURAL: usu in N, in poss N, N of n emphasis

drown

[D.J.:draun]

[K.K.:draʊn]

vt. & vi.

(使)淹没, (使)溺死

drowning

[ˈdrauniŋ]

n.

溺水，溺死

drown **

1. drown drowns drowning drowned
When someone drowns or is drowned , they die because they have gone or been pushed under water and cannot breathe.

- Forty-eight people have drowned after their boat capsized during a storm.

- A child can drown in only a few inches of water.

- Last night a boy was drowned in the river.

- He walked into the sea and drowned himself.

- Dolphins have sometimes been known to save drowning swimmers.

V-ERG

2. drown drowns drowning drowned
If you say that a person or thing is drowning in something, you are emphasizing that they have a very large amount of it, or are completely covered in it.

- We were drowning in data but starved of information.

- ...people who gradually find themselves drowning in debt...

- The potatoes were drowned in chilli.

VB emphasis
= inundate

3. drown drowns drowning drowned
If something drowns a sound, it is so loud that you cannot hear that sound properly.

- Clapping drowned the speaker's words for a moment.

- The conversation was drowned by the arrival of the taxi.

VB

4. drown out; drowns out; drowning out; drowned out
Drown out means the same as drown .

- Their cheers drowned out the protests of demonstrators.

- Her voice was drowned out by a loud crash.

PHR-V

5. drown
If you say that someone is drowning their sorrows , you mean that they are drinking alcohol in order to forget something sad or upsetting that has happened to them.
PHR: V inflects

drown

verb

1.

drench

deluge

engulf

flood

go under

immerse

inundate

sink

submerge

swamp

2.

overpower

deaden

muffle

obliterate

overcome

overwhelm

stifle

swallow up

wipe out

drowse

[D.J.:draʊz]

[K.K.:draʊz]

vi.

打瞌睡

drowse

drowse drowses drowsing drowsed
If you drowse , you are almost asleep or just asleep.

- Nina drowsed for a while.

VB

drowsily

adv.

睡地,懒洋洋地,昏昏欲睡地

drowsiness

[D.J.:ˈdraʊzɪnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈdraʊzɪnɪs]

n.

睡意;假寐;困倦

drowsy

[D.J.:ˈdraʊzi:]

[K.K.:ˈdraʊzi]

adj.

欲睡的, 半睡的, 使人昏昏欲睡的

drowsy *

1. drowsy drowsier drowsiest
If you feel drowsy , you feel sleepy and cannot think clearly.

- He felt pleasantly drowsy and had to fight off the urge to sleep.

ADJ-GRADED

2. drowsiness

- Big meals during the day cause drowsiness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. drowsily

- `Mm,' she answered drowsily.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

drowsy

adjective

sleepy

dopey slang

dozy

half asleep

heavy

lethargic

somnolent

tired

torpid

drubbing

[D.J.:ˈdrʌbiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdrʌbɪŋ]

n.

殴打,彻底击败

drubbing

drubbing drubbings
If someone gets a drubbing , they are defeated easily. (INFORMAL)

- Enough people voted for the Labour Party to give the Conservatives a drubbing.

N-COUNT: usu sing

drudge

[D.J.:drʌdʒ]

[K.K.:drʌdʒ]

n.

做苦工的人, 劳碌的人

vi.

做苦工, 操劳

drudge

drudge drudges
If you describe someone as a drudge , you mean they have to work hard at a job which is not very important or interesting.
N-COUNT

drudge

noun

menial

dogsbody informal

factotum

servant

skivvy chiefly Brit.

slave

toiler

worker

drudgery

[D.J.:ˈdrʌdʒəri:]

[K.K.:ˈdrʌdʒəri]

n.

苦工;贱役;单调沉闷的工作

drudgery

drudgery
You use drudgery to refer to jobs and tasks which are boring or unpleasant but which must be done.

- People want to get away from the drudgery of their everyday lives.

N-UNCOUNT

drudgery

noun

menial labour

donkey-work

fag informal

grind informal

hard work

labour

skivvying Brit.

slog

toil

drug

[D.J.:drʌɡ]

[K.K.:drʌɡ]

n.

药物, 药剂, 药材

麻醉药; 毒品

drug *****

1. drug drugs
A drug is a chemical which is given to people in order to treat or prevent an illness or disease.

- The drug will be useful to hundreds of thousands of infected people.

- ...the drug companies.

N-COUNT

2. drug drugs
Drugs are substances that some people take because of their pleasant effects, but which are usually illegal.

- His mother was on drugs, on cocaine.

- She was sure Leo was taking drugs.

- The problem of drug abuse and drug traffic continues to grow.

N-COUNT

3. drug drugs drugging drugged
If you drug a person or animal, you give them a chemical substance in order to make them sleepy or unconscious.

- They drugged the guard dog with doped meatballs.

- She was drugged and robbed.

- He grew tired, and drifted off into a drugged sleep.

VB

4. drug drugs drugging drugged
If food or drink is drugged , a chemical substance is added to it in order to make someone sleepy or unconscious when they eat or drink it.

- I wonder now if that drink had been drugged.

- Anyone who knew you would drink that wine could have drugged it.

- A tourist was robbed after being given a drugged orange.

VB

drug

noun

1.

medication

medicament

medicine

physic

poison

remedy

2.

dope slang

narcotic

opiate

stimulant

verb

3.

dose

administer a drug

dope slang

medicate

treat

4.

knock out

anaesthetize

deaden

numb

poison

stupefy

drug addict

drug addict drug addicts
A drug addict is someone who is addicted to illegal drugs.
N-COUNT

druggie

[D.J.:ˈdrʌɡi]

[K.K.:ˈdrʌɡi]

n.

吸毒者,瘾君子

druggie

druggie druggies
If you refer to someone as a druggie you mean they are involved with or addicted to illegal drugs. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also druggy . disapproval

druggist

[D.J.:ˈdrʌɡist]

[K.K.:ˈdrʌɡɪst]

n.

药商,药剂师,药材商

druggist

1. druggist druggists
A druggist is someone who is qualified to sell medicines and drugs ordered by a doctor. (AM; in BRIT usually use chemist )
N-COUNT
= pharmacist

2. druggist druggists
A druggist or a druggist's is a store where medicines and drugs ordered by a doctor are sold. (AM; in BRIT usually use chemist )
N-COUNT: oft the N

drugstore

[D.J.:ˈdrʌɡstɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈdrʌɡˌstɔr, -ˌstor]

n.

(兼售化妆品等的)药房

drugstore *

drugstore drugstores
In America, a drugstore is a shop where drugs and medicines are sold or given out, and where you can buy cosmetics, some household goods, and also drinks and snacks. Compare chemist , pharmacy .
N-COUNT: oft the N

Druid

[D.J.:ˈdru:id]

[K.K.:ˈdruɪd]

n.

德鲁伊教团员

Druid *

Druid Druids
A Druid is a priest of the Celtic religion.
N-COUNT also druid .

drum

[D.J.:drʌm]

[K.K.:drʌm]

n.

鼓, 鼓状物

drummed

[ˈdrʌmd]

adj.

桶装的

drumming

[ˈdrʌmiŋ]

n.

连续有节奏的声音

drum ***

1. drum drums
A drum is a musical instrument consisting of a skin stretched tightly over a round frame. You play a drum by beating it with sticks or with your hands.
N-COUNT: oft the N

2. drum drums
A drum is a large cylindrical container which is used to store fuel or other substances.

- ...an oil drum.

- ...a drum of chemical waste.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. drum drums
A drum is a hollow cylindrical structure which is part of a machine, for example a washing machine.
N-COUNT

4. drum drums
A drum is a circular object on which wire or rope is wound and kept.

- He had found a drum of electric cable.

N-COUNT

5. drum drums drumming drummed
If something drums on a surface, or if you drum something on a surface, it hits it regularly, making a continuous beating sound.

- He drummed his fingers on the leather top of his desk.

- Rain drummed on the roof of the car.

V-ERG

6. drum
If someone beats the drum or bangs the drum for something, they support it strongly.

- The trade secretary disagreed but promised to `bang the drum for industry'.

PHR: V inflects

drumming *

1. drumming
Drumming is the action of playing the drums.
N-UNCOUNT

2. drumming
Drumming is the sound or feeling of continuous beating.

- He pointed up to the roof, through which the steady drumming of rain could be heard.

- His mouth was dry and he felt a drumming in his temples.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft N of n

drum

verb

1.

beat

pulsate

rap

reverberate

tap

tattoo

throb

drum into

2.

drive home

din into

hammer away

harp on

instil into

reiterate

drum into ***

drum into drums into; drumming into; drummed into
If you drum something into someone, you keep saying it to them until they understand it or remember it.

- All through school we had it drummed into us that you need a degree to get a job.

- Standard examples were drummed into students' heads.

- They drummed it into her that you were not to know she was working for them.

PHR-V: usu passive

drum out ***

drum out drums out; drumming out; drummed out
If someone is drummed out of an organization such as the armed forces or a club, they are forced to leave it, usually because they have done something wrong.

- Sailors caught in a drugs scandal are to be drummed out of the service.

PHR-V: usu passive

drum up ***

drum up drums up; drumming up; drummed up
If you drum up support or business, you try to get it.

- The UN secretary-general arrived in Tokyo to drum up support for international peacekeeping.

- It is to be hoped that he is merely drumming up business.

PHR-V

drumbeat

[D.J.:ˈdrʌmbi:t]

[K.K.:ˈdrʌmˌbit]

n.

鼓声,打鼓

drumbeat

1. drumbeat drumbeats
A drumbeat is the sound of a beat on a drum.
N-COUNT

2. drumbeat drumbeats
People sometimes describe a series of warnings or continuous pressure on someone to do something as a drumbeat . (mainly AM, JOURNALISM)

- From the very first days of the reforms, the parliament kept up an incessant drumbeat of protest.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

drum kit

drum kit drum kits
A drum kit is a set of drums and cymbals.
N-COUNT

drum major

1. drum major drum majors
A drum major is a sergeant in the army who is in charge of the drummers in a military band, or who leads the band when they are marching. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. drum major drum majors
A drum major is a man who leads a marching band by walking in front of them. (AM)
N-COUNT

drum majorette

drum majorette drum majorettes
A drum majorette is a girl or young woman who wears a uniform and carries a stick which at intervals she throws into the air and catches. Drum majorettes march, often in lines, in front of a band as part of a procession.
N-COUNT

drummer

[D.J.:ˈdrʌmə]

[K.K.:ˈdrʌmɚ]

n.

鼓手,〈美〉旅行推销员

drummer **

drummer drummers
A drummer is a person who plays a drum or drums in a band or group.
N-COUNT

drum roll

drum roll drum rolls
A drum roll is a series of drumbeats that follow each other so quickly that they make a continuous sound. A drum roll is often used to show that someone important is arriving, or to introduce someone.

- A long drum roll introduced the trapeze artists.

N-COUNT also drumroll .

drumstick

[D.J.:ˈdrʌmstik]

[K.K.:ˈdrʌmˌstɪk]

n.

鼓槌,鼓槌(形物)体(如鸡腿等)

drumstick

1. drumstick drumsticks
A drumstick is the lower part of the leg of a bird such as a chicken which is cooked and eaten.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. drumstick drumsticks
Drumsticks are sticks used for beating a drum.
N-COUNT

drunkard

[D.J.:ˈdrʌŋkəd]

[K.K.:ˈdrʌŋkəd]

n.

醉汉,酒鬼

drunkard

drunkard drunkards
A drunkard is someone who frequently gets drunk.
N-COUNT

drunkard

noun

drinker

alcoholic

dipsomaniac

drunk

lush slang

tippler

wino informal

drunk driver

1. drunk driver drunk drivers
A drunk driver is someone who drives after drinking more than the amount of alcohol that is legally allowed. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use drink driver )

- ...a car accident caused by a drunk driver.

N-COUNT

2. drunk driving

- ...efforts designed to help stop drunk driving.

N-UNCOUNT

drunken

[D.J.:ˈdrʌŋkən]

[K.K.:ˈdrʌŋkən]

adj.

酒醉的,常喝醉的

drunkenly

adv.

酒醉地,常喝醉地

drunkenness

n.

酒醉

drunkenness

[D.J.:ˈdr ʌ ŋkənnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈdr ʌ ŋkənnɪs]

n.

酩酊,醉态,醉

drunken *

1. drunken
Drunken is used to describe events and situations that involve people who are drunk.

- The pain roused him from his drunken stupor.

- He hit her with a frying pan during a drunken brawl.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

2. drunken
A drunken person is drunk or is frequently drunk.

- Groups of drunken hooligans smashed shop windows and threw stones.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n disapproval

3. drunkenly

- One night Bob stormed drunkenly into her house and smashed some chairs.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

4. drunkenness

- He was arrested for drunkenness on his way to the football ground.

N-UNCOUNT

drunkenness

noun

intoxication

alcoholism

bibulousness

dipsomania

inebriation

insobriety

intemperance

dry off ****

dry off or dries off; drying off; dried off
If something dries off or if you dry it off , the moisture on its surface disappears or is removed.

- They are then scrubbed with clean water and left to dry off for an hour or two in a warm room.

- When the bath water started to cool I got out, dried myself off, and dressed.

PHR-V-ERG

dry out ****

1. dry out or dries out; drying out; dried out
If something dries out or is dried out , it loses all the moisture that was in it and becomes hard.

- If the soil is allowed to dry out the tree could die.

- The cold winds dry out your skin very quickly.

PHR-V-ERG

2. dry out or dries out; drying out; dried out
If someone dries out or is dried out , they are cured of addiction to alcohol. (INFORMAL)

- He checked into Cedars Sinai Hospital to dry out.

- I approved the doctor's order to keep him in the room till he was dried out.

PHR-V-ERG

dry out up

verb

become dry

harden

shrivel up

wilt

wither

wizen

dry-clean

[D.J.:ˈdraɪˌkli:n]

[K.K.:ˈdraɪˌklin]

vt.

干洗(衣物)

vi.

进行干洗

dry-clean

dry-clean dry-cleans dry-cleaning dry-cleaned
When things such as clothes are dry-cleaned , they are cleaned with a liquid chemical rather than with water.

- Natural-filled duvets must be dry-cleaned by a professional.

VB: usu passive

dry-cleaning

1. dry-cleaning
Dry-cleaning is the action or work of dry-cleaning things such as clothes.

- He owns a dry-cleaning business.

N-UNCOUNT also dry cleaning .

2. dry-cleaning
Dry-cleaning is things that have been dry-cleaned, or that are going to be dry-cleaned.
N-UNCOUNT also dry cleaning .

dry cleaner

1. dry cleaner dry cleaners
A dry cleaner is someone who has a shop where things can be dry-cleaned.
N-COUNT

2. dry cleaner dry cleaners
A dry cleaner or a dry cleaner's is a shop where things can be dry-cleaned.
N-COUNT

dry dock

dry dock dry docks
A dry dock is a dock from which water can be removed so that ships or boats can be built or repaired.
N-COUNT

dry-eyed

adj.

(人)无泪的；不哭的

dry-eyed

dry-eyed
If you say that someone is dry-eyed , you mean that although they are in a very sad situation they are not actually crying.

- At the funeral he held her hand, but she was dry-eyed, composed, for tears achieved nothing.

ADJ
≠ tearful

dry goods

dry goods
Dry goods are cloth, thread, and other things that are sold at a draper's shop. (AM; in BRIT use drapery or haberdashery )
N-PLURAL

dry land

dry land
If you talk about dry land , you are referring to land, in contrast to the sea or the air.

- We were glad to be on dry land again.

N-UNCOUNT: oft on N

dry rot

dry rot
Dry rot is a serious disease of wood. It is caused by a fungus and causes wood to decay.

- The house was riddled with dry rot.

N-UNCOUNT

dry run

dry run dry runs
If you have a dry run , you practise something to make sure that you are ready to do it properly.

- The competition is planned as a dry run for the World Cup finals.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

dry-stone wall

dry-stone wall dry-stone walls
A dry-stone wall is a wall that has been built by fitting stones together without using any cement.
N-COUNT (AM) dry wall

DTP

abbr.

Detailed Test Plan 详细的试验计划

DTP

abbr.

Detailed Test Plan 详细的试验计划

DTP

DTP is an abbreviation for desktop publishing .

DT's

DT's
When alcoholics have the DT's , the alcohol causes their bodies to shake and makes them unable to think clearly.
N-PLURAL: the N

dual

[ˈdju:əl]

adj.

两部分的, 二体的, 二重的

dual **

dual
Dual means having two parts, functions, or aspects.

- ...his dual role as head of the party and head of state...

- Rob may be entitled to dual nationality.

ADJ: ADJ n

dual

adjective

twofold

binary

double

duplex

duplicate

matched

paired

twin

dual carriageway

dual carriageway dual carriageways
A dual carriageway is a road which has two lanes of traffic travelling in each direction with a strip of grass or concrete down the middle to separate the two lots of traffic. (BRIT; in AM use divided highway )
N-VAR also dual-carriageway .

dualism

[D.J.:ˈdju:əlizəm]

[K.K.:ˈduəˌlɪzəm, ˈdju-]

n.

二元论

dualism

dualism
Dualism is the state of having two main parts or aspects, or the belief that something has two main parts or aspects. (FORMAL)

- He ignores the traditional Christian dualism between body and soul.

- ...the Gnostic dualism of good and evil struggling for supremacy.

N-UNCOUNT

duality

[D.J.:dju(:)ˈæliti]

[K.K.:duˈælɪti, dju-]

n.

二元性

duality

duality dualities
A duality is a situation in which two opposite ideas or feelings exist at the same time. (FORMAL)

- We live in a world of duality, day and night, positive and negative, male and female, etc.

N-VAR

dub

[D.J.:dʌb]

[K.K.:dʌb]

vt.

给…起绰号; 把…称为

配音; 复制

dubbing

[ˈdʌbiŋ]

n.

配音

dub **

1. dub dubs dubbing dubbed
If someone or something is dubbed a particular thing, they are given that description or name. (JOURNALISM)

- ...the man whom the Labour opposition dubbed as the `no change Prime Minister'...

- At the height of her career, Orson Welles dubbed her `the most exciting woman in the world'.

VB

2. dub dubs dubbing dubbed
If a film or soundtrack in a foreign language is dubbed , a new soundtrack is added with actors giving a translation.

- It was dubbed into Spanish for Mexican audiences.

- ...a badly dubbed foreign film.

VB: usu passive

dubious

[D.J.:ˈdju:bjəs]

[K.K.:ˈdubiəs, ˈdju-]

adj.

半信半疑的, 可疑的

不可靠的, 冒风险的

dubiously

adv.

可疑地,怀疑地

dubious **

1. dubious
If you describe something as dubious , you mean that you do not consider it to be completely honest, safe, or reliable.

- This claim seems to us to be rather dubious.

- Soho was still a highly dubious area.

- Those figures alone are a dubious basis for such a conclusion.

ADJ-GRADED
= questionable

2. dubiously

- Carter was dubiously convicted of shooting three white men in a bar.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj/-ed

3. dubious
If you are dubious about something, you are not completely sure about it and have not yet made up your mind about it.

- My parents were a bit dubious about it all at first but we soon convinced them.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n
= uncertain

4. dubiously

- He eyed Coyne dubiously.

ADV

5. dubious
If you say that someone has the dubious honour or the dubious pleasure of doing something, you are indicating that what they are doing is not an honour or pleasure at all, but is, in fact, unpleasant or bad.

- Nagy has the dubious honour of being the first athlete to be banned in this way.

- El Salvador has earned the dubious distinction of having the worst soil erosion in continental America.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

dubious

adjective

1.

suspect

fishy informal

questionable

suspicious

unreliable

untrustworthy

2.

unsure

doubtful

hesitant

sceptical

uncertain

unconvinced

undecided

wavering

ducal

[D.J.:ˈdju:kəl]

[K.K.:ˈdukəl, ˈdju-]

adj.

公爵的,公爵领地的,像公爵的

ducal

ducal
Ducal places or things belong to or are connected with a duke. (FORMAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

duchess

[D.J.:ˈdʌtʃɪs]

[K.K.:ˈdʌtʃɪs]

n.

公爵夫人;公爵遗孀;女公爵

duchess *

duchess duchesses
A duchess is a woman who has the same rank as a duke, or who is a duke's wife or widow.

- ...the Duchess of Kent.

N-COUNT: oft the N of n

duchy

[D.J.:ˈdʌtʃi]

[K.K.:ˈdʌtʃi]

n.

公爵的领地

duchy *

duchy duchies
A duchy is an area of land that is owned or ruled by a duke.

- ...the Duchy of Cornwall.

N-COUNT: oft the N of n

duck

[D.J.:dʌk]

[K.K.:dʌk]

n.

鸭, 野鸭, 母鸭

鸭肉

亲爱的宝贝, 家伙

vt. & vi.

忽然低下头(或弯下腰)

躲避, 闪开

潜入

ducking

[ˈdʌkiŋ]

n.

钻入水中,闪避,急速的低头

duck **

1. duck ducks
A duck is a very common water bird with short legs, a short neck, and a large flat beak.

- Chickens and ducks scratch around the outbuildings.

N-VAR

2. duck
Duck is the flesh of this bird when it is eaten as food.

- ...honey roasted duck.

N-UNCOUNT

3. duck ducks
A duck is a female duck. The male is called a drake.

- I brought in one drake and three ducks.

N-COUNT

4. duck ducks ducking ducked
If you duck , you move your head or the top half of your body quickly downwards to avoid something that might hit you, or to avoid being seen.

- He ducked in time to save his head from a blow from the poker.

- He ducked his head to hide his admiration.

- I wanted to duck down and slip past but they saw me.

VB

5. duck ducks ducking ducked
If you duck something such as a blow, you avoid it by moving your head or body quickly downwards.

- Hans deftly ducked their blows.

VB
= dodge

6. duck ducks ducking ducked
If you duck into a place, you move there quickly, often in an attempt to avoid danger or to avoid being seen. (mainly INFORMAL)

- Matt ducked into his office.

- He ducked through the door and looked about frantically.

VB
= dart

7. duck ducks ducking ducked
You say that someone ducks a duty or responsibility when you disapprove of the fact that they avoid it. (INFORMAL)

- The Opposition reckons the Health Secretary has ducked all the difficult decisions.

- He had ducked the confrontation with United Nations inspectors last summer.

VB disapproval
= shirk

8. duck ducks ducking ducked
If someone ducks someone else, they force them or their head under water for a short time.

- She splashed around in the pool with Mark, rowdily trying to duck him.

VB

9. duck ducks
Some people call other people duck or ducks as a sign of affection. (BRIT)

- Oh, I am glad to see you, duck.

N-VOC feelings

10. duck
You say that criticism is like water off a duck's back or water off a duck's back to emphasize that it is not having any effect on the person being criticized.

- All the criticism is water off a duck's back to me.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

11. duck
If you take to something like a duck to water , you discover that you are naturally good at it or that you find it very easy to do.

- Some mothers take to breastfeeding like a duck to water, while others find they need some help to get started.

PHR: V inflects

duck

verb

1.

bob

bend

bow

crouch

dodge

drop

lower

stoop

2.

plunge

dip

dive

douse

dunk

immerse

souse

submerge

wet

3.

dodge

avoid

escape

evade

shirk

shun

sidestep

duck out **

duck out ducks out; ducking out; ducked out
If you duck out of something that you are supposed to do, you avoid doing it. (INFORMAL)

- George ducked out of his forced marriage to a cousin.

- You can't duck out once you've taken on a responsibility.

PHR-V

duckling

[D.J.:ˈdʌklɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdʌklɪŋ]

n.

小鸭;幼鸭

an ugly duckling

丑小鸭(初似平庸后来出众的人或事物)

duckling

duckling ducklings
A duckling is a young duck.
N-COUNT
See also ugly duckling .

duct

[D.J.:dʌkt]

[K.K.:dʌkt]

n.

管道,槽,输气管

人体或植物中液体等经过的管

ductless

adj.

无管的

ductless

[ˈdʌktlis]

adj.

没有管的; 不用管道的

duct *

1. duct ducts
A duct is a pipe, tube, or channel which carries a liquid or gas.

- ...a big air duct in the ceiling.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. duct ducts
A duct is a tube in your body which carries a liquid such as tears or bile.

- ...tear ducts.

N-COUNT: with supp

dud

[D.J.:dʌd]

[K.K.:dʌd]

n.

无用的物或人, 废物

adj.

有缺点的, 不完善的

duds

n.

〈口〉衣服,旧衣,服饰,行李

dud *

1. dud
Dud means not working properly or not successful. (INFORMAL)

- He replaced a dud valve.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. dud duds
Also a noun.

- The mine was a dud.

N-COUNT

dud

noun Informal

1.

failure

flop informal

washout informal

adjective

2.

useless

broken

duff Brit. informal

failed

inoperative

worthless

dude

[D.J.:dju:d]

[K.K.:dud, djud]

n.

城里人

纨绔子弟, 花花公子

〈俚〉男人

dude *

dude dudes
A dude is a man. (AM, INFORMAL)

- My doctor is a real cool dude.

N-COUNT

dude ranch

dude ranch dude ranches
A dude ranch is an American ranch where people can have holidays during which they can do activities such as riding or camping.
N-COUNT

dudgeon

[D.J.:ˈdʌdʒən]

[K.K.:ˈdʌdʒən]

n.

愤怒

dudgeon

dudgeon
If you say that someone is in high dudgeon , you are emphasizing that they are very angry or unhappy about something.

- Washington businesses are in high dudgeon over the plan.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

dudgeon

noun

in high dudgeon

indignant

angry

choked

fuming

offended

resentful

vexed

due

[D.J.:dju:]

[K.K.:du, dju]

adj.

应支付[给予]的

应有的, 应得到的

到期的

预定, 预期

适当的, 正当的, 适宜的

due ****

1. due
If an event is due to something, it happens or exists as a direct result of that thing.

- The country's economic problems are largely due to the weakness of the recovery.

- If the trip is a success, a lot of this will be due to Mr Green's efforts.

PHR-PREP: v-link PREP n
= because of

2. due
You can say due to to introduce the reason for something happening. Some speakers of English believe that it is not correct to use due to in this way.

- Due to the large volume of letters he receives Dave regrets he is unable to answer queries personally.

- Jobs could be lost in the defence industry due to political changes sweeping Europe.

PHR-PREP
= owing to

3. due
If something is due at a particular time, it is expected to happen, be done, or arrive at that time.

- The results are due at the end of the month.

- The first price increases are due to come into force in July.

- Jason is currently in Britain to finish recording his second album which is due out in May.

- Mr Carter is due in London on Monday.

- ...customers who paid later than twenty days after the due date.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to-inf, ADJ prep/adv
= expected

4. due
Due attention and consideration is the proper, reasonable, or deserved amount of it under the circumstances.

- After due consideration it was decided to send him away to live with foster parents.

- I do hope that people will make use of footpaths and treat them with due attention that is needed.

ADJ: ADJ n
= proper

5. due
Something that is due , or that is due to someone, is owed to them, either as a debt or because they have a right to it.

- I was sent a cheque for £1,525 and advised that no further pension was due.

- I've got some leave due to me and I was going to Tasmania for a fortnight.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n

6. due
Also a preposition.

- He had not taken a summer holiday that year but had accumulated the leave due him.

PREP: oft n PREP n

7. due
If someone is due for something, that thing is planned to happen or be given to them now, or very soon, often after they have been waiting for it for a long time.

- The deputy chief inspector rang me up and said, `Miss Smith, you know you are due for a move?'.

- Although not due for release until 2001, he was let out of his low-security prison to spend a weekend with his wife.

ADJ: v-link ADJ for n

8. due
Also a preposition.

- I reckon I'm due one of my travels.

PREP

9. due dues
Dues are sums of money that you give regularly to an organization that you belong to, for example a social club or trade union, in order to pay for being a member.

- Only 18 of the UN's 180 members had paid their dues by the January deadline.

N-PLURAL: oft poss N

10. due
Due is used before the words `north', `south', `east', or `west' to indicate that something is in exactly the direction mentioned.

- They headed due north.

- The Thames flows due south from Oxford, through the market town of Abingdon.

- ...a mining town 40 miles due east of Los Angeles.

ADV: ADV adv/adj

11. due
If you say that something will happen or take place in due course , you mean that you cannot make it happen any quicker and it will happen when the time is right for it.

- In due course the baby was born.

- The arrangements will be published in due course.

PHR: PHR with cl

12. due
You can say ` to give him his due ', or ` giving him his due ' when you are admitting that there are some good things about someone, even though there are things that you do not like about them.

- To give Linda her due, she had tried to encourage John in his school work.

PHR
= to be fair

13. due
You can say ` with due respect ' when you are about to disagree politely with someone.

- With all due respect I submit to you that you're asking the wrong question.

PHR: PHR cl politeness

due

adjective

1.

expected

scheduled

2.

payable

in arrears

outstanding

owed

owing

unpaid

3.

fitting

appropriate

deserved

justified

merited

proper

rightful

suitable

well-earned

noun

4.

right(s)

comeuppance slang

deserts

merits

privilege

adverb

5.

directly

dead

exactly

straight

undeviatingly

dues

plural noun

membership fee

charge

charges

contribution

fee

levy

duel

[D.J.:ˈdu:əl, ˈdju:-]

[K.K.:ˈduəl, ˈdju-]

n.

两男子的决斗

竞争, 斗争

duel *

1. duel duels
A duel is a formal fight between two people in which they use guns or swords in order to settle a quarrel.

- He killed a man in one duel and was himself wounded in another.

N-COUNT

2. duel duels
You can refer to a conflict between two people or groups as a duel .

- The area has been the scene of sporadic artillery duels over the last six weeks.

N-COUNT

3. duel duels duelling duelled
To duel means to fight a duel or be involved in a conflict.

- We duelled for two years and Peterson made the most of it, playing us off against each other.

- ...two silver French duelling pistols.

V-RECIP (AM) dueling , dueled

duel

noun

1.

single combat

affair of honour

2.

contest

clash

competition

encounter

engagement

fight

head-to-head

rivalry

verb

3.

fight

clash

compete

contend

contest

lock horns

rival

struggle

vie with

duet

[D.J.:du:ˈet, dju:-]

[K.K.:duˈɛt, dju-]

n.

二重奏曲,二重唱曲

duettist

n.

二重唱者

duettist

[du:ˈetist]

n.

二重奏者

duet *

duet duets
A duet is a piece of music sung or played by two people.
N-COUNT

duff

[dʌf]

adj.

无价值的, 无用的

vt.

未击中(某物); 弄糟(某事)

狠打或狠踢某人

duff *

duff
If you describe something as duff , you mean it is useless, broken, or of poor quality. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Most of us have had to take a duff job sometime in our lives when opportunities were scarce.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

duff up *

duff up duffs up; duffing up; duffed up
To duff someone up means to hit them many times and injure them. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She began telling us about some fight on a bus in which our kids had duffed up the bus conductor.

PHR-V
= beat up

duffel

[D.J.:ˈdʌfəl]

[K.K.:ˈdʌfəl]

n.

粗呢,露营用具

duffel

1. duffel duffels
A duffel is the same as a duffel coat .
N-COUNT

2. duffel duffels
A duffel is the same as a duffel bag .
N-COUNT

duffel bag

duffel bag duffel bags
A duffel bag is a bag shaped like a cylinder and made of strong fabric such as canvas. A duffel bag has a string at one end that is used to close the bag and to carry it with.
N-COUNT also duffle bag .

duffel coat

duffel coat duffel coats
A duffel coat is a heavy coat with a hood and long buttons that fasten with loops.
N-COUNT also duffle coat .

duffer

[D.J.:ˈdʌfə]

[K.K.:ˈdʌfɚ]

n.

笨蛋,不明道理的人

duffer

duffer duffers
If you describe someone as a duffer , you mean that they are very bad at doing something. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- Waugh was a duffer at cricket.

N-COUNT disapproval

dugout

[D.J.:ˈdʌɡaut]

[K.K.:ˈdʌɡˌaʊt]

n.

独木舟

掩护部, 防空洞

dugout

1. dugout dugouts
A dugout is a small boat that is made by removing the inside of a log.
N-COUNT

2. dugout dugouts
A dugout is a shelter made by digging a hole in the ground and then covering it or tunnelling so that the shelter has a roof over it.
N-COUNT

duke

[D.J.:dju:k]

[K.K.:duk, djuk]

n.

公爵

duke *

duke dukes
A duke is a man with a very high social rank.

- ...the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh.

N-COUNT: oft the N of n

dukedom

[D.J.:dju:kdəm]

[K.K.:ˈdukdəm, ˈdjuk-]

n.

公爵领地,公爵爵位

dukedom

1. dukedom dukedoms
A dukedom is the rank or title of a duke.

- ...the present heir to the dukedom.

N-COUNT

2. dukedom dukedoms
A dukedom is the land owned by a duke.
N-COUNT

dulcet

[D.J.:ˈdʌlsɪt]

[K.K.:ˈdʌlsɪt]

adj.

悦耳的,优美动听的

dulcet

1. dulcet
A dulcet voice is one that is gentle and pleasant to listen to. (LITERARY)

- Quickly, in her dulcet voice, Tamara told him what had happened.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. dulcet
People often use the expression dulcet tones to refer to someone's voice. (HUMOROUS)

- You hear his dulcet tones on the Radio 1 trailers in the morning.

PHR: with poss

dull

[D.J.:dʌl]

[K.K.:dʌl]

adj.

不鲜明的, 不清楚的, 晦暗的

迟钝的, 呆笨的

枯燥无味的

钝的, 不锋利的

萧条的, 清淡的

dulling

[ˈdʌliŋ]

n.

发浑(指清漆)

dullness

[ˈdʌlnis]

n.

钝度,迟钝

dully

[D.J.:d ʌllɪ]

[K.K.:ˈd ʌllɪ]

adv.

迟钝地;模糊地

沉闷地

呆滞地

乏味地,没精打采地

dull **

1. dull duller dullest
If you describe someone or something as dull , you mean they are not interesting or exciting.

- They are both nice people but can be rather dull.

- I felt she found me boring and dull.

- The documentary lasts for more than two-and-a-half hours, and there is scarcely a dull minute.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= boring ≠ lively

2. dullness

- They enjoy anything that breaks the dullness of their routine life.

N-UNCOUNT

3. dull duller dullest
Someone or something that is dull is not very lively or energetic.

- The body's natural rhythms mean we all feel dull and sleepy between 1 and 3pm.

ADJ-GRADED
= sluggish

4. dully

- His giant face had a rough growth of stubble, his eyes looked dully ahead.

ADV: ADV after v

5. dullness

- Did you notice any unusual depression or dullness of mind?

N-UNCOUNT

6. dull duller dullest
A dull colour or light is not bright.

- The stamp was a dark, dull blue colour with a heavy black postmark.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= sombre

7. dully

- The street lamps gleamed dully through the night's mist.

ADV: ADV with v

8. dull duller dullest
You say the weather is dull when it is very cloudy.

- It's always dull and raining.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ sunny

9. dull duller dullest
Dull sounds are not very clear or loud.

- The long whining whistle of a shell was followed by the dull boom of the explosion.

- The coffin closed with a dull thud.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ sharp

10. dully

- He heard his heart thump dully but more quickly.

ADV: ADV after v

11. dull duller dullest
Dull feelings are weak and not intense.

- The pain, usually a dull ache, gets worse with exercise.

- I realized with a kind of dull shock that I didn't recognize a single name.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
≠ sharp

12. dully

- His arm throbbed dully.

ADV

13. dull duller dullest
If a knife or blade is dull , it is not sharp. (OLD-FASHIONED)
ADJ-GRADED
= blunt ≠ keen

14. dull dulls dulling dulled
If something dulls or if it is dulled , it becomes less intense, bright, or lively.

- Her eyes dulled and she gazed blankly.

- He can dull your senses with facts and figures.

- Share prices and trading have been dulled by worries over the war.

V-ERG
≠ enliven

dull

adjective

1.

boring

dreary

flat

humdrum

monotonous

plain

run-of-the-mill

tedious

uninteresting

2.

stupid

dense

dim-witted informal

dozy Brit. informal

slow

thick

unintelligent

3.

cloudy

dim

dismal

gloomy

leaden

overcast

4.

lifeless

apathetic

blank

indifferent

listless

passionless

unresponsive

5.

blunt

blunted

unsharpened

verb

6.

relieve

allay

alleviate

blunt

lessen

moderate

soften

take the edge off

dullard

[D.J.:ˈdʌləd]

[K.K.:ˈdʌləd]

n.

愚人,笨蛋

dullard

dullard dullards
If you say that someone is a dullard , you mean that they are rather boring, unintelligent, and unimaginative. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

duly

[D.J.:ˈdu:li:, ˈdju:-]

[K.K.:ˈduli, ˈdju-]

adv.

正确地, 适当地

按时地, 准时地

duly *

1. duly
If you say that something duly happened or was done, you mean that it was expected to happen or was requested, and it did happen or it was done.

- It was the beginning of the end and Watson duly went on to win his fourth Open Golf Championship.

- Westcott appealed to Waite for an apology, which he duly received.

ADV: ADV before v

2. duly
If something is duly done, it is done in the correct way. (FORMAL)

- He is a duly elected president of the country and we're going to be giving him all the support we can.

ADV: ADV before v

duly

adverb

1.

properly

accordingly

appropriately

befittingly

correctly

decorously

deservedly

fittingly

rightfully

suitably

2.

on time

at the proper time

punctually

dumb

[D.J.:dʌm]

[K.K.:dʌm]

adj.

哑的

说不出话的

愚蠢的

dumbly

[D.J.:ˈd ʌmlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈd ʌmlɪ]

adv.

无言地,沉默地

dumb *

1. dumb
Someone who is dumb is completely unable to speak.

- ...a young deaf and dumb man.

ADJ
= mute

2. dumb
If someone is dumb on a particular occasion, they cannot speak because they are angry, shocked, or surprised. (LITERARY)

- We were all struck dumb for a minute.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
= mute

3. dumbly

- I shook my head dumbly, not believing him.

ADV: ADV with v

4. dumb dumber dumbest
If you call a person dumb , you mean that they are stupid or foolish. (INFORMAL)

- I've met a lot of dumb people.

- The questions were set up to make her look dumb.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

5. dumb dumber dumbest
If you say that something is dumb , you think that it is silly and annoying. (AM, INFORMAL)

- I came up with this dumb idea.

- It's the media that's dumb.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= stupid

6. dumb
Something that is dumb is done or expressed without words. (LITERARY)

- An expression of dumb recognition wiggled across her features.

ADJ: ADJ n
= mute ≠ eloquent

dumb

adjective

1.

mute

mum

silent

soundless

speechless

tongue-tied

voiceless

wordless

2.

stupid

asinine

dense

dim-witted informal

dull

foolish

thick

unintelligent

dumb down

1. dumb down
If you dumb down something, you make it easier for people to understand, especially when this spoils it.

- This sounded like a case for dumbing down the magazine, which no one favored.

PHR-V

2. dumbing down

- He accused broadcasters of contributing to the dumbing down of America.

N-UNCOUNT

dumb-bell

哑铃形骨针

dumb-bell

dumb-bell dumb-bells
A dumb-bell is a short bar with weights on either side which people use for physical exercise to strengthen their arm and shoulder muscles.
N-COUNT also dumbbell .

dumbfound

[D.J.:dʌmˈfaund]

[K.K.:ˈdʌmˌfaʊnd]

v.

使人哑然失声,使发楞

dumbfounded

[D.J.:dʌmˈfaʊndɪd]

[K.K.: dʌmˈfaʊndɪd]

adj.

惊呆的;目瞪口呆的

dumbfound

dumbfound dumbfounds dumbfounding dumbfounded
If someone or something dumbfounds you, they surprise you very much.

- This suggestion dumbfounded Joe.

VB
= astonish

dumbfounded

dumbfounded
If you are dumbfounded , you are extremely surprised by something.

- I stood there dumbfounded, scarcely able to believe the evidence of my senses.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= astonished

dumbfounded

adjective Informal

amazed

astonished

astounded

flabbergasted informal

lost for words

nonplussed

overwhelmed

speechless

staggered

stunned

dumbstruck

[D.J.:ˈdʌmstrʌk]

[K.K.:ˈdʌmˌstrʌk]

adj.

被吓得目瞪口呆的,吓得发懵的

dumbstruck

dumbstruck
If you are dumbstruck , you are so shocked or surprised that you cannot speak.

- We were dumbstruck. We just couldn't believe our eyes when she appeared.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ emphasis
= speechless

dumb waiter

dumb waiter dumb waiters
A dumb waiter is a lift used to carry food and dishes from one floor of a building to another.
N-COUNT also dumbwaiter .

dum-dum

dum-dum dum-dums
A dum-dum or a dum-dum bullet is a bullet that is very soft or hollow at the front. Dum-dum bullets cause large and serious wounds because they break into small pieces and spread out when they hit someone.
N-COUNT

dummy

[D.J.:ˈdʌmi:]

[K.K.:ˈdʌmi]

n.

人体模型

仿制品

橡皮奶头

笨蛋, 蠢货

vt.

给（书等）制作空白样本或样张

dummy up

不吭声；缄口

dummy *

1. dummy dummies
A dummy is a model of a person, often used to display clothes.

- ...the bottom half of a shop-window dummy.

- ...the ventriloquist's dummy.

N-COUNT

2. dummy dummies
You can use dummy to refer to things that are not real, but have been made to look or behave as if they are real.

- Dummy patrol cars will be set up beside motorways to frighten speeding motorists.

- They asked her to put together a dummy for a new magazine.

- Soldiers were still using dummy weapons because real guns were not yet available.

N-COUNT: oft N n
= fake false

3. dummy dummies
A baby's dummy is a rubber or plastic object that you give the baby to suck so that he or she feels comforted. (BRIT; in AM usually use pacifier )
N-COUNT

4. dummy dummies
If you call someone a dummy , you mean that you think they are stupid. (INFORMAL)

- `You're a dummy, Mack,' she yelled.

N-COUNT disapproval
= numbskull

5. dummy dummies
A dummy or dummy hand is a hand of cards in a card game such as bridge or whist which is placed on the table so all the players can see it.
N-COUNT

dummy

noun

1.

model

figure

form

manikin

mannequin

2.

copy

counterfeit

duplicate

imitation

sham

substitute

3.

fool

blockhead

dunce

idiot

nitwit informal

numbskull or numskull

oaf

simpleton

adjective

4.

imitation

artificial

bogus

fake

false

mock

phoney or phony informal

sham

simulated

dummy run

dummy run dummy runs
A dummy run is a trial or test procedure which is carried out in order to see if a plan or process works properly. (BRIT)

- Before we started we did a dummy run, checking out all the streets and offices we would use, and planning our escape route.

N-COUNT
= test run

dump

[D.J.:dʌmp]

[K.K.:dʌmp]

n.

脏的地方

垃圾场

〈口〉忧郁

vt.

倾倒, 丢弃, 倾卸; 堆放

倾销, 抛售

dumped

废弃的

dumping

[ˈdʌmpiŋ]

n.

倾销

dumps

[D.J.:dʌmps]

[K.K.:dʌmps]

n.

抑郁

dump ***

1. dump dumps dumping dumped
If you dump something somewhere, you put it or unload it there quickly and carelessly. (INFORMAL)

- We dumped our bags at the nearby Grand Hotel and hurried towards the market.

- He got my haversack from the cab and dumped it at my feet.

VB

2. dump dumps dumping dumped
If something is dumped somewhere, it is put or left there because it is no longer wanted or needed. (INFORMAL)

- The getaway car was dumped near a motorway tunnel.

- A million tonnes of untreated sewage is dumped into the sea.

- The government declared that it did not dump radioactive waste at sea.

VB
= get rid of

3. dumping

- German law forbids the dumping of hazardous waste on German soil.

N-UNCOUNT

4. dump dumps
A dump is a place where rubbish is left, for example on open ground outside a town.

- ...companies that bring their rubbish straight to the dump...

- The walled garden was used as a dump.

N-COUNT
= tip

5. dump dumps
If you say that a place is a dump , you think it is ugly and unpleasant to live in or visit. (INFORMAL)

- `What a dump!' Christabel said, standing in the doorway of the youth hostel.

N-COUNT disapproval

6. dump dumps
A dump is a place where an army stores food and weapons temporarily while it is stationed in a particular place.
N-COUNT: usu n N

7. dump dumps dumping dumped
To dump something such as an idea, policy, or practice means to stop supporting or using it. (INFORMAL)

- Ministers believed it was vital to dump the poll tax before the election.

VB
= ditch

8. dump dumps dumping dumped
If a firm or company dumps goods, it sells large quantities of them at prices far below their real value, usually in another country, in order to gain a bigger market share or to keep prices high in the home market.

- It produces more than it needs, then dumps its surplus onto the world market.

VB

9. dump dumps dumping dumped
If you dump someone, you end your relationship with them. (INFORMAL)

- My heart sank because I thought he was going to dump me for another girl.

- She was dumped by her long-term lover after five years.

- I suggested that we not only dump the two companies, but that we also should ditch any other business not involved in soft drinks.

VB
= ditch

10. dump dumps dumping dumped
If you say that a parent dumps a child with someone, you are criticizing the parent for leaving the child to be looked after by that person. (INFORMAL)

- I was sometimes dumped with my grandmother or left with highly unsuitable au pairs.

- He can't cope and dumps his two teenage boys on them to be looked after.

VB disapproval

11. dump dumps dumping dumped
To dump computer data or memory means to copy it from one storage system onto another, such as from disk to magnetic tape.

- It can take a couple of hours to dump a thousand telephone numbers into a 128k EPROM pack.

- All the data is then dumped into the main computer.

VB

12. dump dumps dumping dumped
If someone dumps on you, they treat you very badly and unfairly. (INFORMAL)

- He was a nice guy, Mona. He didn't dump on me.

VB

13. dump
If you are down in the dumps , you are feeling very depressed and miserable. (INFORMAL)

- She's feeling a bit down in the dumps and needs cheering up.

PHR: v-link PHR

dump

verb Slang

1.

drop

deposit

fling down

let fall

throw down

2.

get rid of

dispose of

ditch slang

empty out

jettison

scrap

throw away or out

tip

unload

noun

3.

rubbish tip

junkyard

refuse heap

rubbish heap

tip

4.

pigsty

hole informal

hovel

mess

slum

dumper truck

dumper truck dumper trucks
A dumper truck is the same as a dump truck . (BRIT)
N-COUNT

dumping ground

dumping ground dumping grounds
If you say that a place is a dumping ground for something, usually something unwanted, you mean that people leave or send large quantities of that thing there.

- Eastern Europe is rapidly becoming a dumping-ground for radioactive residues.

N-COUNT: usu N for n, supp N disapproval

dumpling

[D.J.:ˈdʌmplɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdʌmplɪŋ]

n.

汤团,饺子

水果布丁

矮胖的人

dumpling

dumpling dumplings
Dumplings are small lumps of dough that are cooked and eaten, either with meat and vegetables or as part of a sweet pudding.
N-VAR

Dumpster

Dumpster Dumpsters
A Dumpster is a large metal container for holding rubbish. (TRADEMARK) (AM; in BRIT usually use skip )
N-COUNT

dump truck

dump truck dump trucks
A dump truck is a truck whose carrying part can be tipped backwards so that the load falls out.
N-COUNT

dumpy

[D.J.:ˈdʌmpi:]

[K.K.:ˈdʌmpi]

adj.

(尤指人)矮胖的

dumpy

dumpy
If you describe someone as dumpy , you mean they are short and fat, and are usually implying they are unattractive.
ADJ-GRADED disapproval

dun

[D.J.:dʌn]

[K.K.:dʌn]

n.

催促者,讨债者,催债

v.

催讨

adj.

暗褐色的,微暗的

dun

dun
Something that is dun is a dull grey-brown colour.

- ...her dun mare.

COLOUR

dunce

[D.J.:dʌns]

[K.K.:dʌns]

n.

蠢材, 笨学生

dunce

dunce dunces
If you say that someone is a dunce , you think they are rather stupid because they find it difficult or impossible to learn what someone is trying to teach them.

- Michael may have been a dunce at mathematics, but he was gifted at languages.

N-COUNT disapproval

dunce

noun Informal

simpleton

blockhead

duffer informal

dunderhead

ignoramus

moron

nincompoop

numbskull or numskull

thickhead

dune

[D.J.:du:n, dju:n]

[K.K.:dun, djun]

n.

沙丘

dune *

dune dunes
A dune is a hill of sand near the sea or in a desert.
N-COUNT

dung

[D.J.:dʌŋ]

[K.K.:dʌŋ]

n.

动物的粪便, 粪肥

dung *

dung
Dung is faeces from animals, especially from large animals such as cattle and horses.
N-UNCOUNT

dungarees

dungarees
Dungarees are a one-piece garment consisting of trousers, a piece of cloth which covers your chest, and straps which go over your shoulders. In American English, dungarees can also refer to jeans.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

dungeon

[D.J.:ˈdʌndʒən]

[K.K.:ˈdʌndʒən]

n.

地牢

dungeon

dungeon dungeons
A dungeon is a dark underground prison in a castle.
N-COUNT

dungeon

noun

prison

cage

cell

oubliette

vault

dunk

[D.J.:dʌŋk]

[K.K.:dʌŋk]

vt.

将(食物)浸入液体

将(某人或某物)在水中浸一下

dunk

1. dunk dunks dunking dunked
If you dunk something such as a biscuit or a piece of bread in a drink or in soup, you dip it into the drink or soup before eating it.

- Many people dunk their foods in coffee, tea or milk.

VB
= dip

2. dunk dunks dunking dunked
If you dunk something in a liquid, you put it in the liquid, especially for a particular purpose and for a short time.

- Dunk new plants in a bucket of water for an hour or so before planting.

VB
= steep

dunno

[dʌˈnəu]

v.

〈口〉(我)不知道

dunno *

dunno
Dunno is sometimes used in written English to represent an informal way of saying `don't know'.

- `How on earth did she get it?' --- `I dunno.'

duo

[D.J.:ˈdjuəu]

[K.K.:ˈduo, ˈdjuo]

n.

成对的表演者

duo *

1. duo duos
A duo is two musicians, singers, or other performers who perform together as a pair.

- ...a famous dancing and singing duo.

N-COUNT

2. duo duos
You can refer to two people together as a duo , especially when they have something in common. (mainly JOURNALISM)

- ...Britain's former golden Olympic duo of Linford Christie and Sally Gunnell.

N-COUNT

duodenal

[ˌdju(:)əuˈdi:nl]

adj.

十二指肠的

duodenal

duodenal
Duodenal means relating to or contained in the duodenum. (MEDICAL)

- ...duodenal ulcers.

ADJ: ADJ n

duodenum

[D.J.:ˌdju(:)əuˈdi:nəm]

[K.K.:ˌduəˈdinəm, ˌdju-, duˈɑdnəm, dju-]

n.

十二指肠

duodenum

duodenum duodenums
Your duodenum is the part of your small intestine that is just below your stomach. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

duopoly

[D.J.:djuˈɔpəli]

[K.K.:duˈɑpəli, dju-]

n.

两家卖主垄断市场(的局面)

duopoly

1. duopoly duopolies
If two companies or people have a duopoly on something such as an industry, they share complete control over it and it is impossible for others to become involved in it.
N-VAR

2. duopoly duopolies
A duopoly is a group of two companies which are the only ones which provide a particular product or service, and which therefore have complete control over an industry.
N-COUNT

dupe

[D.J.:du:p, dju:p]

[K.K.:dup, djup]

vt.

欺骗或哄骗某人(做某事)

n.

受骗的人, 傻子

dupe *

1. dupe dupes duping duped
If a person dupes you, they trick you into doing something or into believing something which is not true.

- ...a plot to dupe stamp collectors into buying fake rarities...

- We know some sex offenders dupe the psychologists who assess them.

VB

2. dupe dupes
A dupe is someone who is tricked by someone else.

- He was accused of being a dupe of the communists.

N-COUNT

duplex

[D.J.:ˈdju:pleks]

[K.K.:ˈduˌplɛks, ˈdju-]

adj.

有两部分的

duplex

1. duplex duplexes
A duplex is a house which has been divided into two separate units for two different families or groups of people. (AM)
N-COUNT

2. duplex duplexes
A duplex or a duplex apartment is a flat or apartment which has rooms on two floors. (AM)
N-COUNT

duplicate

[D.J.:ˈdju:plikit]

[K.K.:ˈdjupləkɪt]

n.

完全一样的东西, 复制品

adj.

完全一样的, 复制的

[ˈdju:plikeit]

vt.

复制

复印

duplicated

复制出的,复写书的

duplicating

[ˈdju:plikeitiŋ]

n.

复制,重复

duplicate *

1. duplicate duplicates duplicating duplicated
If you duplicate something that has already been done, you repeat or copy it.

- His task will be to duplicate his success overseas here at home.

- Scientists hope the work done in collaboration with other researchers may be duplicated elsewhere.

VB

2. duplicate duplicates
Also a noun.

- He was organising a duplicate of Operation Gladio to be activated if the left gained power.

N-COUNT

3. duplicate duplicates duplicating duplicated
To duplicate something which has been written, drawn, or recorded onto tape means to make exact copies of it.

- She found Ned alone in the photocopy room, duplicating some articles.

- ...a business which duplicates video and cinema tapes for the movie makers.

VB

4. duplicate duplicates
Also a noun.

- I'm on my way to Switzerland, but I've lost my card. I've got to get a duplicate.

N-COUNT: also in N

5. duplicate
Duplicate is used to describe things that have been made as an exact copy of other things, usually in order to serve the same purpose.

- He let himself in with a duplicate key.

- ...a duplicate copy of the loan contract.

ADJ: ADJ n

duplicate

adjective

1.

identical

corresponding

matched

matching

twin

twofold

noun

2.

copy

carbon copy

clone

double

facsimile

photocopy

replica

reproduction

verb

3.

copy

clone

double

repeat

replicate

reproduce

duplication

[D.J.:ˈdju:plikeiʃn]

[K.K.:ˌduplɪˈkeʃən, ˌdju-]

n.

复制, 重复

duplication

duplication
If you say that there has been duplication of something, you mean that someone has done a task unnecessarily because it has already been done before.

- There could be a serious loss of efficiency through unnecessary duplication of resources.

N-UNCOUNT

duplicity

[D.J.:du:ˈplɪsɪti:, dju:-]

[K.K.:duˈplɪsɪti, dju-]

n.

表里不一

欺骗,欺诈

duplicitous

adj.

duplicitous

duplicitous
Someone who is duplicitous is deceitful.

- He is a possessive, duplicitous and unreasonable man.

ADJ-GRADED

duplicity

duplicity
If you accuse someone of duplicity , you mean that they are deceitful. (FORMAL)

- Malcolm believed his former mentor was guilty of duplicity in his private dealings.

N-UNCOUNT
= deceit

durability

[D.J.:ˌdjʊrəˈbɪlɪtɪ]

[K.K.:ˌdjʊrəˈbɪlətɪ]

n.

耐久性

durable

[D.J.:ˈdjuərəbl]

[K.K.:ˈdʊrəbəl, ˈdjʊr-]

adj.

持久的, 耐用的

durable **

1. durable
Something that is durable is strong and lasts a long time without breaking or becoming weaker.

- Fine bone china is eminently practical, since it is strong and durable.

ADJ-GRADED
= hard-wearing

2. durability

- Airlines recommend hard-sided cases for durability.

N-UNCOUNT

durability

noun

durableness

constancy

endurance

imperishability

permanence

persistence

durable

adjective

long-lasting

dependable

enduring

hard-wearing

persistent

reliable

resistant

strong

sturdy

tough

durable goods

durable goods
Durable goods or durables are goods such as televisions or cars which are expected to last a long time, and are bought infrequently. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use consumer durables )
N-PLURAL also durables

duration

[D.J.:djuəˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:dʊˈreʃən, djʊ-]

n.

持续, 持续的时间, 期间

duration **

1. duration
The duration of an event or state is the time during which it happens or exists.

- He was given the task of protecting her for the duration of the trial.

- Courses are of two years' duration.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

2. duration
If you say that something will happen for the duration , you mean that it will happen for as long as a particular situation continues.

- His wounds knocked him out of combat for the duration.

PHR: PHR after v

duration

noun

length

extent

period

span

spell

stretch

term

time

duress

[D.J.:dʊˈres, djʊ-]

[K.K.:dʊˈrɛs, djʊ-]

n.

威胁,逼迫

duress

duress
To do something under duress means to do it because someone forces you to do it or threatens you. (FORMAL)

- The diplomat would not comment on whether he thought her confession had been made under duress.

N-UNCOUNT: usu under N

duress

noun

pressure

coercion

compulsion

constraint

threat

Durex

[ˈdu:reks]

杜雷克铜锡合金,烧结石墨青铜

Durex

Durex
A Durex is a condom. (TRADEMARK)
N-COUNT Durex is both the singular and the plural form
= condom

during

[D.J.:ˈdjuəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr-]

prep.

(表示时间)在某情况的一段时间

(表示时间)在…期间, 当…之时

during *****

1. during
If something happens during a period of time or an event, it happens continuously, or happens several times between the beginning and end of that period or event.

- Sandstorms are common during the Saudi Arabian winter.

- Plants need to be looked after and protected during bad weather.

PREP

2. during
If something develops during a period of time, it develops gradually from the beginning to the end of that period.

- Wages have fallen by more than twenty percent during the past two months.

- American business in Britain during the 1950s grew much faster than British business.

PREP

3. during
An event that happens during a period of time happens at some point or moment in that period.

- The attack is believed to have been carried out during the early morning hours.

- During his visit, the Pope will also bless the new hospital.

PREP

dusk

[D.J.:dʌsk]

[K.K.:dʌsk]

n.

黄昏, 傍晚

dusk *

1. dusk
Dusk is the time just before night when the daylight has almost gone but when it is not completely dark.

- We arrived home at dusk.

N-UNCOUNT

2. dusk
The dusk is the dull, shadowy light there is at dusk. (LITERARY)

- She turned and disappeared into the dusk.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N

dusk

noun

twilight

dark

evening

eventide

gloaming Scot. or poetic

nightfall

sundown

sunset

duskily

adv.

微暗地,微黑地

duskiness

n.

微暗,微黑

dusky

[D.J.:ˈdʌski:]

[K.K.:ˈdʌski]

adj.

昏暗的,黑暗的

duskily

adv.

昏暗地,黑暗地

duskiness

n.

昏暗,黑暗

dusky

1. dusky
Dusky means rather dark. (LITERARY)

- Heavy gold earrings gleamed against her dusky cheeks.

- He was walking down the road one dusky Friday evening.

ADJ-GRADED

2. dusky
A dusky colour is soft rather than bright. (LITERARY)

- ...dusky pink carpet.

COMB in COLOUR

dusky

adjective

1.

dark

dark-complexioned

sable

swarthy

2.

dim

cloudy

gloomy

murky

obscure

shadowy

shady

tenebrous

twilit

dust

[D.J.:dʌst]

[K.K.:dʌst]

n.

灰尘, 尘土, 尘埃

遗骸

vt. & vi.

拂(一拂), 掸(一掸)

vt.

撒(粉)于

dusting

[D.J.:ˈdʌstiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdʌstɪŋ]

n.

打扫,殴打

dust ***

1. dust
Dust is very small dry particles of earth or sand.

- Tanks raise huge trails of dust when they move.

- He reversed into the stockade in a cloud of dust.

N-UNCOUNT

2. dust
Dust is the very small pieces of dirt which you find inside buildings, for example on furniture, floors, or lights.

- I could see a thick layer of dust on the stairs.

- The rooms were empty of furniture and dust lay everywhere.

N-UNCOUNT

3. dust
Dust is a fine powder which consists of very small particles of a substance such as gold, wood, or coal.

- The air is so black with diesel fumes and coal dust, I can barely see.

N-UNCOUNT: oft n N

4. dust dusts dusting dusted
When you dust something such as furniture, you remove dust from it, usually using a cloth.

- I vacuumed and dusted and polished the living room.

- She dusted, she cleaned, and she did the washing-up.

VB

5. dusting

- I'm very fortunate in that I don't have to do the washing-up or the dusting.

N-UNCOUNT

6. dust dusts dusting dusted
If you dust something with a fine substance such as powder or if you dust a fine substance onto something, you cover it lightly with that substance.

- Lightly dust the fish with flour.

- Dust and blend blusher on the apples of your cheeks.

- Dry your feet well and then dust between the toes with baby powder.

VB

7. dust
If you say that something has bitten the dust , you are emphasizing that it no longer exists or that it has failed. (INFORMAL, HUMOROUS)

- In the last 30 years many cherished values have bitten the dust.

- The allegation has caused one lecturer's career to bite the dust.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

8. dust
If you say that something will happen when the dust settles , you mean that a situation will be clearer after it has calmed down. If you let the dust settle before doing something, you let a situation calm down before you try to do anything else. (INFORMAL)

- Once the dust had settled Beck defended his decision.

- I think we need to let the dust settle and see what's going to happen after that.

PHR: V inflects

9. dust
If you say that something is gathering dust , you mean that it has been left somewhere and nobody is using it or doing anything with it.

- Many of the machines are gathering dust in basements.

- The album is finally being released in October after gathering dust for over a year.

PHR: V inflects

dust

noun

1.

grime

grit

particles

powder

verb

2.

sprinkle

cover

dredge

powder

scatter

sift

spray

spread

dust off ***

1. dust off dusts off; dusting off; dusted off
If you say that someone dusts something off or dusts it down , you mean they are using an old idea or method, rather than trying something new.

- Critics were busy dusting down the same superlatives they had applied to their first three films.

- Long-mothballed projects like widening the Suez Canal are being dusted off.

PHR-V (BRIT) also dust down

2. dust off dusts off; dusting off; dusted off
If you say that someone has dusted himself or herself off or dusted himself or herself down , you mean that they have managed to recover from a severe problem which has affected their life.

- Tina Turner dusted herself down, got rid of Ike and became the greatest show on earth.

- When we are rejected, although we have been hurt we can pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off and start again.

PHR-V

3. dust off dusts off; dusting off; dusted off
If someone dusts down something or dusts dirt off something, they remove dirt or dust from it.

- He stood and dusted down his suit and folded the letter away.

- Use loose powder to set your makeup, dusting the excess off with a brush.

PHR-V

dustbin

[D.J.:ˈdʌstˌbɪn]

[K.K.:ˈdʌstˌbɪn]

n.

(家庭用的)垃圾箱〔桶〕

dustbin *

dustbin dustbins
A dustbin is a large container with a lid which people put their rubbish in and which is usually kept outside their house. (BRIT; in AM usually use garbage can )
N-COUNT

dustcart

dustcart dustcarts
A dustcart is a truck which collects the rubbish from the dustbins outside people's houses. (BRIT; in AM usually use garbage truck )
N-COUNT

duster

[D.J.:ˈdʌstə]

[K.K.:ˈdʌstɚ]

n.

抹布;尘拂,撢子

<美>防尘罩衫

duster

duster dusters
A duster is a cloth which you use for removing dust from furniture, ornaments, or other objects.
N-COUNT
See also feather duster .

dust jacket

dust jacket dust jackets
A dust jacket is a loose paper cover which is put on a book to protect it. It often contains information about the book and its author.
N-COUNT also dust-jacket .

dustman

[ˈdʌstmən]

n.

清洁工

dustman

dustman dustmen
A dustman is a person whose job is to empty the rubbish from people's dustbins and take it away to be disposed of. (BRIT; in AM use garbage man )
N-COUNT

dustpan

[D.J.:ˈdʌstpæn]

[K.K.:ˈdʌstˌpæn]

n.

畚箕,粪斗

dustpan

dustpan dustpans
A dustpan is a small flat container made of metal or plastic. You hold it flat on the floor and put dirt and dust into it using a brush.
N-COUNT

dust sheet

dust sheet dust sheets
A dust sheet is a large cloth which is used to cover objects such as furniture in order to protect them from dust.
N-COUNT also dustsheet .

dust storm

dust storm dust storms
A dust storm is a storm in which strong winds carry a lot of dust.
N-COUNT

dust-up

dust-up dust-ups
A dust-up is a quarrel that often involves some fighting. (INFORMAL)

- He's now facing suspension after a dust-up with the referee.

N-COUNT
= scrap

dusty

[D.J.:ˈdʌsti:]

[K.K.:ˈdʌsti]

adj.

布满灰尘的,灰尘弥漫的

a dusty answer

(对要求或问题)轻率的回绝，毫无用处的回答

dusty *

1. dusty dustier dustiest
If places, roads, or other things outside are dusty , they are covered with tiny bits of earth or sand, usually because it has not rained for a long time.

- They started strolling down the dusty road in the moonlight.

- ...a dusty old car.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. dusty dustier dustiest
If a room, house, or object is dusty , it is covered with very small pieces of dirt.

- ...a dusty attic...

- The books looked faded, dusty and unused.

ADJ-GRADED

dusty

adjective

dirty

grubby

sooty

unclean

unswept

Dutch

[D.J.:dʌtʃ]

[K.K.:dʌtʃ]

adj.

荷兰人的;荷兰的;荷兰语的

n.

荷兰语

荷兰人

Dutch courage

酒后之勇

go Dutch (with sb)

各付各的账；平摊费用；实行AA制

Dutch ***

1. Dutch
Dutch means belonging or relating to the Netherlands, or to its people, language, or culture.

- ...the Dutch prime minister.

ADJ

2. Dutch
The Dutch are the people of the Netherlands.

- The Dutch developed a custom by which children put out shoes which Saint Nicholas would fill with gifts when he came visiting.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. Dutch
Dutch is the language that is spoken by the people who live in the Netherlands.
N-UNCOUNT

4. Dutch
If two or more people go Dutch , each of them pays their own bill, for example in a restaurant. (INFORMAL)

- We went Dutch on a meal in the new restaurant in Shaftesbury Avenue.

PHR: V inflects

Dutch courage

Dutch courage
Dutch courage is the courage that you get by drinking alcoholic drinks. (INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

Dutchman

[D.J.:ˈdʌtʃmən]

[K.K.:ˈdʌtʃmən]

n.

荷兰人

Dutchman *

Dutchman Dutchmen
A Dutchman is a man who is a native of the Netherlands.
N-COUNT

dutiful

[D.J.:ˈdu:tɪfəl, ˈdju:-]

[K.K.:ˈdutɪfəl, ˈdju-]

adj.

恭敬顺从的,尽职的

dutifully

adv.

忠实地,忠贞地

dutiful *

1. dutiful
If you say that someone is dutiful , you mean that they do everything that they are expected to do.

- The days of the dutiful wife, who sacrifices her career for her husband, are over.

ADJ-GRADED

2. dutifully

- The inspector dutifully recorded the date in a large red book.

ADV: ADV with v

dutiful

adjective

conscientious

devoted

obedient

respectful

reverential

submissive

duties

n.

关税

duty

[D.J.:ˈdju:ti]

[K.K.:ˈduti, ˈdju-]

n.

职责

义务, 本分

税收

duty ****

1. duty
Duty is work that you have to do for your job.

- Staff must report for duty at their normal place of work.

- My duty is to look after the animals.

N-UNCOUNT

2. duty duties
Your duties are tasks which you have to do because they are part of your job.

- I carried out my duties conscientiously.

- He was relieved of his duties as presidential adviser.

N-PLURAL

3. duty
If you say that something is your duty , you believe that you ought to do it because it is your responsibility.

- I consider it my duty to write to you and thank you.

N-SING: oft with poss

4. duty duties
Duties are taxes which you pay to the government on goods that you buy.

- Import duties still average 30%.

- ...customs duties...

- They are pressing the Chancellor to reduce excise duty on beer.

N-VAR

5. duty
If someone such as a policeman or a nurse is off duty , they are not working. If someone is on duty , they are working.

- I'm off duty.

- Four officers were told to go off duty and rest at home.

- There were 2,250 policemen on duty in and around the stadium.

- Extra staff had been put on duty.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

duty

noun

1.

responsibility

assignment

function

job

obligation

role

task

work

2.

loyalty

allegiance

deference

obedience

respect

reverence

3.

tax

excise

levy

tariff

toll

on duty

4.

at work

busy

engaged

on active service

duty-bound

adj.

义不容辞的

duty-bound

duty-bound
If you say you are duty-bound to do something, you are emphasizing that you feel it is your duty to do it. (FORMAL)

- `I didn't want to work on it but felt duty bound to help,' Wilson said.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to-inf also duty bound . emphasis

duty-free

[D.J.:ˈdu:ti:ˈfri:, ˈdju:-]

[K.K.:ˈdutiˈfri, ˈdju-]

adj.

免税的

adv.

免税地

duty-free *

duty-free
Duty-free goods are sold at airports or on planes or ships at a cheaper price than usual because you do not have to pay import tax on them.

- ...duty-free cigarettes.

ADJ

duty-free shop

duty-free shop duty-free shops
A duty-free shop is a shop, for example at an airport, where you can buy goods at a cheaper price than usual, because no tax is paid on them.
N-COUNT

duvet

[D.J.:ˈdu:vei]

[K.K.:duˈve, dju-]

n.

羽绒被

duvet *

duvet duvets
A duvet is a large cover filled with feathers or similar material which you put over yourself in bed instead of a sheet and blankets. (BRIT; in AM use comforter )
N-COUNT
= quilt

DVD

[D.J.:ˌdi:vi:ˈdi:]

[K.K.:ˌdiviˈdi]

abbr.

数字化视频光盘

DVD

[D.J.:ˌdi:vi:ˈdi:]

[K.K.:ˌdiviˈdi]

abbr.

数字化视频光盘

DVD

DVD DVDs
A DVD is a disc on which a film or music is recorded. DVD discs are similar to compact discs but hold a lot more information. DVD is an abbreviation for `digital video disc' or `digital versatile disc'.

- ...a DVD player.

N-COUNT

dwarf

[D.J.:dwɔ:f]

[K.K.:dwɔrf]

n.

矮子

有魔法的小矮人

vt.

(使)显得矮小, 使相形见绌

dwarfing

[ˈdwɔ:fiŋ]

n.

矮化病

dwarf **

1. dwarf dwarfs dwarfing dwarfed
If one person or thing is dwarfed by another, the second is so much bigger than the first that it makes them look very small.

- His figure is dwarfed by the huge red McDonald's sign.

- The US air travel market dwarfs that of Britain.

VB

2. dwarf dwarves dwarfs
Dwarf is used to describe a particular kind of star which is quite small and not very bright.

- ...a white dwarf star.

- ...a red dwarf.

N-COUNT: with supp The spellings dwarves or dwarfs are used for the plural form of the noun

3. dwarf
Dwarf is used to describe varieties or species of plants and animals which are much smaller than the usual size for their kind.

- ...dwarf shrubs.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. dwarf dwarves dwarfs
In children's stories, a dwarf is an imaginary creature that is like a small man. Dwarfs often have magical powers.
N-COUNT The spellings dwarves or dwarfs are used for the plural form of the noun

5. dwarf dwarves dwarfs
In former times, people who were much smaller than normal were called dwarfs . (OLD-FASHIONED, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT The spellings dwarves or dwarfs are used for the plural form of the noun

dwarf

verb

1.

tower above or over

diminish

dominate

overshadow

adjective

2.

miniature

baby

bonsai

diminutive

small

tiny

undersized

noun

3.

midget

Lilliputian

pygmy or pigmy

Tom Thumb

dweeb

[D.J.:dwi:b]

[K.K.:dwib]

n.

〈俚〉呆子；怪人

dweeb

dweeb dweebs
If you call someone, especially a man or a boy, a dweeb , you are saying in a rather unkind way that you think they are stupid and weak. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval
= drip nerd

dwell

[D.J.:dwel]

[K.K.:dwɛl]

vi.

居住, 住

dwelling

[D.J.:ˈdwelɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdwɛlɪŋ]

n.

住处, 处所

dwelt

[D.J.:dwelt]

[K.K.:dwɛlt]

dwell的过去式和过去分词

dwell *

1. dwell dwells dwelling dwelt or dwelled
If you dwell on something, especially something unpleasant, you think, speak, or write about it a lot or for quite a long time.

- `I'd rather not dwell on the past,' he told me.

VB

2. dwell dwells dwelling dwelt or dwelled
If you dwell somewhere, you live there. (FORMAL)

- They are concerned for the fate of the forest and the Indians who dwell in it.

- Shiva is a dark god; he dwells in the mountains and deserts.

VB

dwelling *

dwelling dwellings
A dwelling or a dwelling place is a place where someone lives. (FORMAL)

- Some 3,500 new dwellings are planned for the area.

- We hiked the Grand Canyon, exploring Indian cliff dwellings.

N-COUNT

dwelt

Dwelt is the past tense and past participle of dwell .

dwell

verb Formal, literary

live

abide

inhabit

lodge

reside

dwelling

noun Formal, literary

home

abode

domicile

habitation

house

lodging

quarters

residence

dweller

[D.J.:ˈd welə]

[K.K.:ˈd w ɛlɚ]

n.

居民;居住者

dweller *

dweller dwellers
A city dweller or slum dweller , for example, is a person who lives in the kind of place or house indicated.

- The number of city dwellers is growing.

- But in some respects cave dwellers were far cleverer than us.

N-COUNT: supp N

dwindle

[D.J.:ˈdwindl]

[K.K.:ˈdwɪndl]

vi.

逐渐变少或变小

dwindle *

dwindle dwindles dwindling dwindled
If something dwindles , it becomes smaller, weaker, or less in number.

- The factory's workforce has dwindled from over 4,000 to a few hundred.

- Exports are dwindling and the trade deficit is swelling.

- He is struggling to come to terms with his dwindling authority.

VB

dwindle

verb

lessen

decline

decrease

die away

diminish

fade

peter out

shrink

subside

taper off

wane

dye

[D.J.:dai]

[K.K.:daɪ]

n.

染料, 染色

vt. & vi.

给…上色; 着色

能染上颜色

dyeing

[ˈdaiiŋ]

n.

染色,染色工艺

dye **

1. dye dyes dyeing dyed
If you dye something such as hair or cloth, you change its colour by soaking it in a special liquid.

- The women prepared, spun and dyed the wool.

- She had dyed black hair.

VB

2. dye dyes
Dye is a substance made from plants or chemicals which is mixed into a liquid and used to change the colour of something such as cloth or hair.

- ...bottles of hair dye.

N-MASS

dye

noun

1.

colouring

colorant

colour

pigment

stain

tinge

tint

verb

2.

colour

pigment

stain

tinge

tint

dyed-in-the-wool

[D.J.:ˌdaɪdɪnðəˈwʊl]

[K.K.:ˌdaɪdɪnðəˈwʊl]

adj.

被生染的,道地的,彻底的

dyed-in-the-wool

dyed-in-the-wool
If you use dyed-in-the-wool to describe someone or their beliefs, you are saying that they have very strong opinions about something, which they refuse to change.

- He was a dyed-in-the-wool conservative.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

dyke

[D.J.:daɪk]

[K.K.:daɪk]

n.

堤;坝;堰;沟;低土墙

<俚>女同性恋者

dyke *

1. dyke dykes
A dyke is a thick wall that is built to stop water flooding onto very low-lying land from a river or from the sea.
N-COUNT The spelling dike is also used.

2. dyke dykes
A dyke is a lesbian . (INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT also dike , especially for meaning 1.

dynamic

[daiˈnæmik]

adj.

有活力的, 强有力的

不断变化的

动力的, 动态的

dynamics

[D.J.:daiˈnæmiks]

[K.K.:daɪˈnæmɪks]

n.

动力学、力学

(音乐中的)力度变化, 力度强弱法

dynamic **

1. dynamic
If you describe someone as dynamic , you approve of them because they are full of energy or full of new and exciting ideas.

- He seemed a dynamic and energetic leader.

- Marcus was handsome, dynamic and ambitious.

ADJ-GRADED approval

2. dynamically

- He's one of the most dynamically imaginative jazz pianists still functioning.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed, ADV after v

3. dynamic
If you describe something as dynamic , you approve of it because it is very active and energetic.

- South Asia continues to be the most dynamic economic region in the world.

- ...90 minutes of dynamic Indian folk dance.

ADJ-GRADED approval

4. dynamic
A dynamic process is one that constantly changes and progresses.

- ...a dynamic, evolving worldwide epidemic...

- Political debate is dynamic.

ADJ
≠ static

5. dynamically

- Germany has a dynamically growing market at home.

ADV: usu ADV adj/-ed

6. dynamic dynamics
The dynamic of a system or process is the force that causes it to change or progress.

- The dynamic of the market demands constant change and adjustment.

- Politics has its own dynamic.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

7. dynamic dynamics
The dynamics of a situation or group of people are the opposing forces within it that cause it to change.

- What is needed is insight into the dynamics of the social system.

- The interchange of ideas aids an understanding of family dynamics.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp

8. dynamic
Dynamics are forces which produce power or movement. (TECHNICAL)

- Scientists observe the same dynamics in fluids.

N-UNCOUNT

9. dynamic
Dynamics is the scientific study of motion, energy, and forces.

- His idea was to apply geometry to dynamics.

N-UNCOUNT

dynamic

adjective

energetic

forceful

go-ahead

go-getting informal

high-powered

lively

powerful

vital

dynamism

[D.J.:ˈdainəmizəm]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪnəˌmɪzəm]

n.

(人的)活力, 精力, 劲头, 魄力

dynamism *

1. dynamism
If you say that someone or something has dynamism , you are expressing approval of the fact that they are full of energy or full of new and exciting ideas.

- ...a situation that calls for dynamism and new thinking.

N-UNCOUNT approval
= energy

2. dynamism
If you refer to the dynamism of a situation or system, you are referring to the fact that it is changing in an exciting and dramatic way.

- Such changes are also indicators of economic dynamism and demographic expansion.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ stasis

dynamite

[D.J.:ˈdainəmait]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪnəˌmaɪt]

n.

(尤指用于采矿的)甘油炸药

会引起轰动的人[事物]

dynamite *

1. dynamite
Dynamite is a type of explosive that contains nitroglycerin.

- Fifty yards of track was blown up with dynamite.

N-UNCOUNT

2. dynamite dynamites dynamiting dynamited
If someone dynamites something, they blow it up by using dynamite.

- The rebels dynamited power lines.

- The slum is to be dynamited.

VB

3. dynamite
If you describe a piece of information as dynamite , you think that people will react violently to it. (INFORMAL)

- The book is dynamite, and if she publishes it, there will be no hiding place for her.

N-UNCOUNT

4. dynamite
If you describe someone or something as dynamite , you think that they are exciting. (INFORMAL)

- Carmen was pure dynamite.

- The first kiss is dynamite.

N-UNCOUNT approval

dynamo

[D.J.:ˈdaɪnəˌməʊ]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪnəˌmo]

n.

<电>(尤指直流)发电机

dynamo *

1. dynamo dynamos
A dynamo is a device that uses the movement of a machine or vehicle to produce electricity.
N-COUNT

2. dynamo dynamos
If you describe someone as a dynamo , you mean that they are very energetic and are always busy and active.

- Myles is a human dynamo.

N-COUNT

dynastic

[diˈnæstik]

adj.

朝代的,王朝的

dynastic

dynastic
Dynastic means typical of or relating to a dynasty.

- The country's democratic rulers were trying to revive dynastic rule.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

dynasty

[D.J.:ˈdainəsti]

[K.K.:ˈdaɪnəsti]

n.

王朝; 朝代

dynasty *

1. dynasty dynasties
A dynasty is a series of rulers of a country who all belong to the same family.

- The Seljuk dynasty of Syria was founded in 1094.

N-COUNT

2. dynasty dynasties
A dynasty is a period of time during which a country is ruled by members of the same family.

- ...carvings dating back to the Ming dynasty.

N-COUNT: with supp

3. dynasty dynasties
A dynasty is a family which has members from two or more generations who are important in a particular field of activity, for example in business or politics.

- This is a family-owned company -- the current president is the fourth in this dynasty.

N-COUNT

dynasty

noun

empire

government

house

regime

rule

sovereignty

d'you

d'you
D'you is a shortened form of `do you' or `did you', used in spoken English.

- What d'you say?

dysentery

[D.J.:ˈdɪsənˌteri:]

[K.K.:ˈdɪsənˌtɛri]

n.

痢疾

dysentery

dysentery
Dysentery is an infection in a person's intestines that causes them to pass a lot of waste, in which blood and mucus are mixed with the person's faeces.
N-UNCOUNT

dysfunction

[D.J.:dɪsˈfʌŋkʃən]

[K.K.:dɪsˈfʌŋkʃən]

n.

机能障碍,机能失调

dysfunction

1. dysfunction dysfunctions
If you refer to a dysfunction in something such as a relationship or someone's behaviour, you mean that it is different from what is considered to be normal. (FORMAL)

- ...his severe emotional dysfunction was very clearly apparent.

N-COUNT

2. dysfunction dysfunctions
If someone has a physical dysfunction , part of their body is not working properly. (MEDICAL)

- ...kidney and liver dysfunction.

N-VAR

dysfunctional

dysfunctional
Dysfunctional is used to describe relationships or behaviour which are different from what is considered to be normal. (FORMAL)

- ...the characteristics that typically occur in a dysfunctional family.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

dyslectic

[D.J.:disˈlektik]

[K.K.:dɪsˈlɛktɪk]

n.

诵读困难者

adj.

诵读困难的

dyslexia

[D.J.:dɪsˈleksi:ə]

[K.K.:dɪsˈlɛksiə]

n.

读写困难

dyslectic

adj.

dyslexic

adj.

dyslexic

[D.J.:disˈleksik]

[K.K.:dɪsˈlɛksɪk]

n.

诵读困难者

adj.

诵读困难的

dyslexia

dyslexia
If someone suffers from dyslexia , they have difficulty with reading because of a slight disorder of their brain. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

dyslexic

dyslexic
If someone is dyslexic , they have difficulty with reading because of a slight disorder of their brain. (TECHNICAL)

- He was diagnosed as severely dyslexic but extraordinarily bright.

ADJ-GRADED

dyspepsia

[D.J.:dɪsˈpepʃə, -si:ə]

[K.K.:dɪsˈpɛpʃə, -siə]

n.

消化不良

dyspeptic

adj. & n.

dyspeptic

[D.J.:disˈpeptik]

[K.K.:dɪsˈpɛptɪk]

adj.

消化不良的,胃弱的,患胃病的

n.

消化不良的人

dyspepsia

dyspepsia
Dyspepsia is the same as indigestion . (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

E

[i:]

n.

字母E

E1059

内吸磷

E, e

1. E, e E's, e's
E is the fifth letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

2. E, e E's, e's
In music, E is the third note in the scale of C major.
N-VAR

3. E, e
E or e is an abbreviation for words beginning with e, such as `English', `east', and `eastern'.

4. E, e E's, e's
E is the drug ecstasy, or a tablet of ecstasy. (INFORMAL)
N-MASS

e-

pref.

为;ex-;的变体

e-

e-
e- is used to form words that indicate that something happens on or uses the Internet. e- is an abbreviation for `electronic'.

- ...the complete on-line e-store.

- ...providing e-solutions for business.

PREFIX

each

[D.J.:i:tʃ]

[K.K.:itʃ]

adj.

每一, 各个的

pron.

每个

adv.

每, 各自

each *****

1. each
If you refer to each thing or each person in a group, you are referring to every member of the group and considering them as individuals.

- Each book is beautifully illustrated.

- Each year, hundreds of animals are killed in this way.

- Blend in the eggs, one at a time, beating well after each one.

DET: DET sing-n

2. each
Also a pronoun.

- ...two bedrooms, each with three beds...

- She began to consult doctors, and each had a different diagnosis.

PRON

3. each
Also an emphasizing pronoun.

- We each have different needs and interests.

PRON-EMPH

4. each
Also an adverb.

- The children were given one each, handed to them or placed on their plates.

- They were selling tickets at six pounds each.

ADV: amount ADV

5. each
Also a quantifier.

- He handed each of them a page of photos.

- Each of these exercises takes one or two minutes to do.

- The machines, each of which is perhaps five feet in diameter, are far from the largest devices in the room.

QUANT: QUANT of def-pl-n

6. each
If you refer to each one of the members of a group, you are referring in a slightly emphatic way to each of them.

- He picked up forty of these publications and read each one of them.

QUANT: QUANT of def-pl-n

7. each
You can refer to each and every member of a group to emphasize that you mean all the members of that group.

- My goal was that each and every person responsible for Yankel's murder be brought to justice.

- They can't destroy truth without destroying each and every one of us.

PHR: PHR n, PHR of n emphasis

8. each
You use each other when you are saying that each member of a group does something to the others or has a particular connection with the others.

- We looked at each other in silence, each equally shocked.

- Both sides are willing to make allowances for each other's political sensitivities.

- Uncle Paul and I hardly know each other.

PRON-RECIP: v PRON, prep PRON
= one another

each

adjective

1.

every

pronoun

2.

every one

each and every one

each one

one and all

adverb

3.

apiece

for each

individually

per capita

per head

per person

respectively

to each

each way

1. each way
If you bet money each way on the result of a horse race or a dog race, you will win some money if the animal you bet on comes first, second, third, or sometimes fourth. (BRIT)

- In the last race I put £20 each way on two outsiders.

ADV: ADV after v

2. each way
Also an adjective

- ...a $10,000 each way bet on Minnehoma at 33-1.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. each way
If you say that something is a good each way bet, you mean that you think it is a good thing to support or invest in because it is unlikely to fail. (BRIT)

- Large overseas-based trusts are an excellent each way bet.

- ...a good each way investment.

ADJ: ADJ n

eager

[D.J.:ˈi:ɡə]

[K.K.:ˈiɡɚ]

adj.

热切的, 渴望的

eagerly

[D.J.:ˈi: gəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈiɡɚlɪ]

adv.

渴望地;热切地

eagerness

[D.J.:ˈi:gənɪs]

[K.K.: ˈiɡɚnɪs]

n.

渴望;热心;热切

eager ***

1. eager
If you are eager to do or have something, you want to do or have it very much.

- Robert was eager to talk about life in the Army.

- When my own son was five years old, I became eager for another baby.

- The low prices still pull in crowds of eager buyers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, ADJ to-inf, ADJ for n
= keen

2. eagerness

- ...an eagerness to learn.

N-UNCOUNT

3. eager
If you look or sound eager , you look or sound as if you expect something interesting or enjoyable to happen.

- Arty sneered at the crowd of eager faces around him.

- Her voice was girlish and eager.

ADJ-GRADED
= impatient

4. eagerly

- `So what do you think will happen?' he asked eagerly.

ADV-GRADED

5. eagerness

- It was the voice of a woman speaking with breathless eagerness.

N-UNCOUNT
= enthusiasm

eager

adjective

keen

agog

anxious

athirst

avid

enthusiastic

fervent

hungry

impatient

longing

eagerness

noun

keenness

ardour

enthusiasm

fervour

hunger

impatience

thirst

yearning

zeal

eagle

[D.J.:ˈi:ɡl]

[K.K.:ˈiɡəl]

n.

鹰

eagle *

1. eagle eagles
An eagle is a large bird that lives by eating small animals.
N-COUNT

2. eagle
If you talk about a person's eagle eye , you mean that they are watching someone or something carefully or are very good at noticing things.

- He did the work under the eagle eye of his teacher.

- The Captain's eagle eye swept the room and came to rest on the bed.

PHR: usu with poss

eagle-eyed

adj.

目光锐利的,有眼力的

eagle-eyed

eagle-eyed
If you describe someone as eagle-eyed , you mean that they watch things very carefully and seem to notice everything.

- Three cannabis plants were found by eagle-eyed police officers.

ADJ

ear

[D.J.:iə]

[K.K.:ɪr]

n.

耳, 耳朵

听力

穗

ear ***

1. ear ears
Your ears are the two parts of your body, one on each side of your head, with which you hear sounds.

- He whispered something in her ear.

- I'm having my ears pierced.

N-COUNT

2. ear
If you have an ear for music or language, you are able to hear its sounds accurately and to interpret them or reproduce them well.

- Moby certainly has a fine ear for a tune.

- An ear for foreign languages is advantageous.

N-SING: with supp, usu N for n

3. ear ears
The word ear is often used to refer to people's willingness to listen to what someone is saying.

- What would cause the masses to give him a far more sympathetic ear?.

- They insisted on shutting their eyes and ears to everything that had been improved in South Africa.

N-COUNT: oft adj N

4. ear ears
The ears of a cereal plant such as wheat or barley are the parts at the top of the stem, which contain the seeds or grains.
N-COUNT: usu pl

5. ear
If someone says that they are all ears , they mean that they are ready and eager to listen. (INFORMAL)
PHR: usu v-link PHR

6. ear
If you say that someone is bending your ear about something, you mean that they keep talking to you about it because they think it is important; used especially when you are irritated by this. (INFORMAL)

- He was fed up with people bending his ear about staying on at school.

PHR: V inflects

7. ear
If someone boxes a child's ears , they hit them on the side of their head as a punishment. (OLD-FASHIONED)
PHR: V inflects

8. ear
If a request falls on deaf ears or if the person to whom the request is made turns a deaf ear to it, they take no notice of it.

- I hope that our appeals will not fall on deaf ears.

- He has turned a resolutely deaf ear to American demands for action.

PHR: V inflects

9. ear
If you keep or have your ear to the ground , you make sure that you find out about the things that people are doing or saying.

- Jobs in manufacturing are relatively scarce but I keep my ear to the ground.

PHR: V inflects

10. ear
If you listen to something or someone with only half an ear , you do not give your full attention to what is being said.
PHR: PHR after v

11. ear
If you lend an ear to someone or their problems, you listen to them carefully and sympathetically.

- They are always willing to lend an ear and offer what advice they can.

PHR: V inflects

12. ear
If you say that something goes in one ear and out the other , you mean that someone pays no attention to it, or forgets about it immediately.

- That rubbish goes in one ear and out the other.

PHR: V inflects

13. ear
If someone says that you will be out on your ear , they mean that you will be forced to leave a job, an organization or a place suddenly. (INFORMAL)

- We never objected. We'd have been out on our ears looking for another job if we had.

PHR: N inflects, v-link PHR

14. ear
If you play by ear or play a piece of music by ear , you play music by relying on your memory rather than by reading printed music.

- Neil sat at the piano and began playing, by ear, the music he'd heard his older sister practicing.

PHR: V inflects

15. ear
If you play it by ear , you decide what to say or do in a situation by responding to events rather than by following a plan which you have decided on in advance.
PHR: V inflects

16. ear
If you are up to your ears in something, it is taking up all of your time, attention, or resources.

- `Why don't you come with me?' --- `I can't. I'm up to my ears in reports.'.

- He was desperate. He was in debt up to his ears.

PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR in n

ear

noun

sensitivity

appreciation

discrimination

taste

earache

[D.J.:ˈiəreik]

[K.K.:ˈɪrˌek]

n.

耳朵痛

earache

earache earaches
Earache is a pain in the inside part of your ear.

- He complained of an earache.

- Blowing your nose too hard can cause earache.

N-VAR

eardrum

[D.J.:ˈɪəˌdrʌm]

[K.K.:ˈɪrˌdrʌm]

n.

<解>鼓膜, 耳膜

eardrum

eardrum eardrums
Your eardrums are the thin pieces of tightly stretched skin inside each ear, which vibrate when sound waves reach them.
N-COUNT also ear drum .

earful

[D.J.:ˈiəful]

[K.K.:ˈɪrˌfʊl]

n.

令人吃惊的回答,听腻了的消息,怨言,严厉的斥责

earful

earful
If you say that you got an earful , you mean that someone spoke angrily to you for quite an long time. (INFORMAL)

- I bet Sue gave you an earful when you got home.

N-SING: a N

earl

[D.J.:ɜ:l]

[K.K.:ə..l]

n.

(英国)伯爵

earldom

n.

伯爵爵位

earldom

[D.J.:ˈə:ldəm]

[K.K.:ˈɚldəm]

n.

伯爵的身份

earl *

earl earls
An earl is a British nobleman.

- He became the fourth earl on the death of his father earlier this year.

- ...the first Earl of Birkenhead.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

earldom

earldom earldoms
An earldom is the rank or title of an earl.
N-COUNT

earlier

adj.,adv.

早的[地],初期的[地]

earliest

[ˈə:liəst]

n.

最早, 作为最早期的

early

[D.J.:ˈə:li]

[K.K.:ˈɚli]

adj.

早的, 提早的

早期的; 清早的; 早年的

早日的, 及早的

adv.

早; 先

在初期, 在早期

earlier ****

1. earlier
Earlier is the comparative of early .

2. earlier
Earlier is used to refer to a point or period in time before the present or before the one you are talking about.

- As mentioned earlier, the University supplements this information with an interview.

- Earlier, it had been hoped to use the indoor track.

- ...political reforms announced by the President earlier this year...

- Many years earlier, Grundy had been the first presenter to give The Beatles their first television break.

ADV-COMPAR: ADV with v, ADV with cl, oft amount ADV

3. earlier
Also an adjective.

- Earlier reports of gunshots have not been substantiated.

ADJ-COMPAR: ADJ n

early *****

1. early
Early means before the usual time that a particular event or activity happens.

- I knew I had to get up early.

- Why do we have to go to bed so early?

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
≠ late

2. early earlier earliest
Also an adjective.

- I decided that I was going to take early retirement.

- I planned an early night.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

3. early earlier earliest
Early means near the beginning of a day, week, year, or other period of time.

- ...in the 1970s and the early 1980s.

- ...a few weeks in early summer...

- She was in her early teens.

- ...the early hours of Saturday morning.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
≠ late

4. early
Also an adverb.

- We'll hope to see you some time early next week.

- ...early in the season.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl, ADV n/prep

5. early
Early means before the time that was arranged or expected.

- She arrived early to secure a place at the front.

- The first snow came a month earlier than usual.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
≠ late

6. early earlier earliest
Also an adjective.

- I'm always early.

ADJ-GRADED

7. early earlier earliest
Early means near the beginning of a period in history, or in the history of something such as the world, a society, or an activity.

- ...the early stages of pregnancy.

- ...Fassbinder's early films.

- ...the early days of the occupation...

- It's too early to declare his efforts a success.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

8. early earlier earliest
Early means near the beginning of something such as a piece of work or a process.

- ...the book's early chapters.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

9. early
Also an adverb.

- ...an incident which occurred much earlier in the game.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl, ADV prep

10. early earlier earliest
Early refers to plants which flower or crop before or at the beginning of the main season.

- ...these early cabbages and cauliflowers.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

11. early
Also an adverb.

- This early flowering gladiolus is not very hardy.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

12. early earlier earliest
Early reports or indications of something are the first reports or indications about it. (FORMAL)

- The early indications look encouraging.

- Earlier reports that troops opened fire are now being denied.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

13. early
You can use as early as to emphasize that a particular time or period is surprisingly early.

- Inflation could fall back into single figures as early as this month.

- ...as early as 1838.

PHR: PHR n emphasis

14. early
If you say about something that might be true that it is early days , you mean that it is too soon for you to be completely sure about it. (INFORMAL)

- The chances of Francis eventually becoming manager of England are perhaps higher. It is early days, of course, and he has yet to win anything.

PHR: V inflects

early

adjective

1.

premature

advanced

forward

untimely

2.

primitive

primeval

primordial

undeveloped

young

adverb

3.

too soon

ahead of time

beforehand

in advance

in good time

prematurely

earliest **

1. earliest
Earliest is the superlative of early .

2. earliest
At the earliest means not before the date or time mentioned.

- The first official results are not expected until Tuesday at the earliest.

PHR: cl PHR

earlobe

[D.J.:ˈɪəˌləʊb]

[K.K.:ˈɪrˌlob]

n.

耳垂

earlobe

earlobe earlobes
Your earlobes are the soft parts at the bottom of your ears.
N-COUNT also ear lobe .

early bird

1. early bird
If you say that the early bird catches the worm , you mean that the person who arrives first in a place is most likely to get what they want.

- The serious buying happens between 6 and 8am, and it is very much the case that the early bird catches the worm.

PHR: V inflects

2. early bird early birds
An early bird is someone who does something or goes somewhere very early, especially very early in the morning.

- We've always been early birds, getting up at 5.30 or 6am.

- Early birds can get the best bargains in the January sales.

N-COUNT

3. early bird
An early bird deal or offer is one that is available at a reduced price, but which you must buy earlier than you would normally do.

- Early bird discounts are usually available at the beginning of the season.

ADJ: ADJ n

early-warning *

early-warning
An early-warning system warns people that something bad is likely to happen, for example that a machine is about to stop working, or that a country is being attacked.
ADJ: ADJ n

earmark

[D.J.:ˈɪəˌmɑ:k]

[K.K.:ˈɪrˌmɑrk]

vt.

指定…作为特定用途

earmarking

打耳标

earmark *

1. earmark earmarks earmarking earmarked
If resources such as money are earmarked for a particular purpose, they are reserved for that purpose.

- ...the extra money being earmarked for the new projects...

- China has earmarked more than $20bn for oil exploration.

- Some of the money has been earmarked to pay for the re-settlement of people from contaminated areas.

- ...money earmarked for environmental purposes.

VB
= set aside

2. earmark earmarks earmarking earmarked
If something has been earmarked for closure or disposal, for example, people have decided that it will be closed or got rid of.

- Their support meant that he was not forced to sell the business which was earmarked for disposal last year.

- The pit was one of the 31 earmarked for closure by the Trade and Industry Secretary.

VB: usu passive
= mark out

earmark

verb

set aside

allocate

designate

flag

label

mark out

reserve

earmuffs

护耳

earmuffs

earmuffs
Earmuffs consist of two thick soft pieces of cloth joined by a band, which you wear over your ears to protect them from the cold or from loud noise.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N also ear muffs .

earn

[D.J.:ə:n]

[K.K.:ɚn]

vt. & vi.

赚得; 挣钱

vt.

获得, 博得

使得到, 使获得, 使值得

earned

[D.J.:ɜ:nd]

[K.K.:ɚnd]

adj.

挣得的

earning

n.

所赚的钱,收入

earn ****

1. earn earns earning earned
If you earn money, you receive money in return for work that you do.

- Charlie was earning eight pounds, I was earning five.

- What a lovely way to earn a living.

- The dancers can earn anything between £80 and £130 for each session.

- She was always out earning.

VB

2. earn earns earning earned
If something earns money, it produces money as profit or interest.

- ...a current account which earns little or no interest...

- We buy everything abroad with the money earned from oil imports.

VB

3. earn earns earning earned
If you earn something such as praise, you get it because you deserve it.

- Companies must earn a reputation for honesty.

- I think that's earned him very high admiration.

VB

earn

verb

1.

make

bring in

collect

gain

get

gross

net

receive

2.

deserve

acquire

attain

be entitled to

be worthy of

merit

rate

warrant

win

earner

挣钱人

earner *

1. earner earners
An earner is someone or something that earns money or produces profit.

- ...a typical wage earner...

- Sugar is Fiji's second biggest export earner.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

2. earner
If you describe something as a nice little earner , you mean that it is something that you can make money from easily. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- T-shirts are a nice little earner and it's better than the dole.

PHR: N inflects, usu v-link PHR, PHR after v

earnest

[D.J.:ˈə:nist]

[K.K.:ˈɚnɪst]

adj.

郑重其事的, 非常认真的

n.

订金, 保证金

预示, 预兆

earnest **

1. earnest
If something is done or happens in earnest , it happens to a much greater extent and more seriously than before.

- Campaigning will begin in earnest tomorrow.

- The two countries can finally start negotiating in earnest about issues of mutual concern.

PHR: PHR after v
= seriously

2. earnest
Earnest people are very serious and sincere in what they say or do, because they think that their actions and beliefs are important.

- Ella was a pious, earnest woman.

- His expression is as earnest when he smiles as when he is arguing.

- Despite their earnest efforts, they still struggle to win support.

ADJ-GRADED
= sincere

3. earnestness

- He was admired by many for his earnestness.

N-UNCOUNT
= sincerity

4. earnest
If you are in earnest , you are sincere in what you are doing and saying.

- It presented in satirical terms points made in earnest by Catholic writers.

- No one could tell whether he was in earnest or in jest.

PHR: usu v PHR, v-link PHR

earnest

adjective

1.

serious

grave

intent

resolute

resolved

sincere

solemn

thoughtful

noun

in earnest

2.

seriousness

sincerity

truth

earnestly

[D.J.:ˈɜ:nɪstlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈə..nɪstlɪ]

adv.

认真地;诚挚地；热切地

earnestly *

1. earnestly
If you say something earnestly , you say it very seriously, often because you believe that it is important or you are trying to persuade someone else to believe it.

- `Did you?' she asked earnestly.

- In 1990, we were all earnestly assured that property values could only go up.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

2. earnestly
If you do something earnestly , you do it in a thorough and serious way, intending to succeed.

- She always listened earnestly as if this might help her to understand.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. earnestly
If you earnestly hope or wish for something, you hope or wish strongly and sincerely for it.

- I earnestly hope what I learned will serve me well in my new job.

ADV-GRADED: ADV before v

earnings

[D.J.:ˈɜ:nɪŋz]

[K.K.:ˈə..nɪŋz]

n.

薪水,工资

收益,利润

earnings ***

earnings
Your earnings are the sums of money that you earn by working.

- Average weekly earnings rose by 1.5% in July.

- He was satisfied with his earnings as an accountant.

N-PLURAL
= pay income

earnings

plural noun

income

pay

proceeds

profits

receipts

remuneration

salary

takings

wages

earnings-related

earnings-related
An earnings-related payment or benefit provides higher or lower payments according to the amount a person was earning while working. (BRIT)

- ...the Government's State Earnings Related Pension Scheme.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

earphone

[D.J.:ˈɪəˌfəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈɪrˌfon]

n.

耳机;听筒

earphones

[ˈiəfəunz]

n.

耳机

earphone

1. earphone earphones
Earphones are a small piece of equipment which you wear over or inside your ears so that you can listen to a radio or cassette recorder without anyone else hearing.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. earphone earphones
An earphone is the part of a telephone receiver or other device that you hold up to your ear or put into your ear. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT
= earpiece

earpiece

[D.J.:ˈiəpi:s]

[K.K.:ˈɪrˌpis]

n.

听筒

earpiece

1. earpiece earpieces
The earpiece of a telephone receiver, hearing aid, or other device is the part that you hold up to your ear or put into your ear.
N-COUNT

2. earpiece earpieces
The earpieces of a pair of glasses are the parts which fit over your ears to keep the glasses on.
N-COUNT

earplug

[D.J.:ˈiəplʌɡ]

[K.K.:ˈɪrˌplʌɡ]

n.

耳塞

earplug

earplug earplugs
Earplugs are small pieces of a soft material which you put into your ears to keep out noise, water, or cold air.
N-COUNT: usu pl also ear plug .

earring

[D.J.:ˈiəˌriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɪrrɪŋ, ˈɪrɪŋ]

n.

耳环

earring *

earring earrings
Earrings are pieces of jewellery which you attach to your ears.
N-COUNT

earshot

[ˈiəʃɔt]

n.

听力所及的范围

earshot

earshot
If you are within earshot of someone or something, you are close enough to be able to hear them. If you are out of earshot , you are too far away to hear them.

- The waiter continued to hover within earshot.

- Mark was out of earshot, walking ahead of them.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR, oft PHR of n

ear-splitting

[D.J.:ˈɪəˌsplɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɪrˌsplɪtɪŋ]

adj.

震耳欲聋的,非常响的

ear-splitting

ear-splitting
An ear-splitting noise is very loud.

- The little boy emitted a torrent of ear-splitting screams.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

earth

[D.J.:ə:θ]

[K.K.:ɚθ]

n.

世界, 地球

大地, 陆地, 地面

泥土

尘世, 人间

earthed

接[通]地的

earth ****

1. earth
Earth or the Earth is the planet on which we live. People usually say Earth when they are referring to the planet as part of the universe, and the Earth when they are talking about the planet as the place where we live.

- The space shuttle Atlantis returned safely to earth today.

- Shifting plates of the Earth's crust push against each other, triggering volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.

N-PROPER: oft the N

2. earth
The earth is the land surface on which we live and move about.

- The earth shook and swayed and the walls of neighbouring houses fell around them.

N-SING: the N
= ground

3. earth
Earth is the substance on the land surface of the earth, for example clay or sand, in which plants grow.

- The road winds for miles through parched earth, scrub and cactus.

- They will revert to tilling the earth in an old-fashioned way.

N-UNCOUNT
= soil

4. earth earths
An earth is a hole in the ground in which an animal such as a fox lives.
N-COUNT

5. earth
The earth in an electric plug or piece of electrical equipment is the wire through which electricity can pass into the ground, which makes the equipment safe if something goes wrong with it. (BRIT; in AM use ground )

- The earth wire was not connected.

N-SING

6. earthed

- Light fittings with metal parts should always be earthed.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

7. earth
On earth is used for emphasis in questions that begin with words such as `how', `why', `what', or `where'. It is often used to suggest that there is no obvious or easy answer to the question being asked.

- How on earth did that happen?.

- What on earth had Luke done?.

- Why on earth would he want to go to such a place?

PHR: quest PHR emphasis
= in the world

8. earth
On earth is used for emphasis after some negative noun groups, for example `no reason'.

- There was no reason on earth why she couldn't have moved in with us.

- There is no feeling on earth like winning for the first time.

PHR: with neg, n PHR emphasis
= in the world

9. earth
On earth is used for emphasis after a noun group that contains a superlative adjective.

- He wanted to be the fastest man on earth.

- ...the site of the worst ecological disaster on earth.

PHR: adj-superl n PHR emphasis
= in the world

10. earth
If you come down to earth or back to earth , you have to face the reality of everyday life after a period of great excitement.

- When he came down to earth after his win he admitted: `It was an amazing feeling'.

- I was shocked, brought down to earth by this revelation.

PHR: PHR after v

11. earth
If you run someone or something to earth, you find them after searching for them for a long time. (mainly BRIT)

- She ran him to earth in the pub at five to one.

PHR: V inflects
= track down

12. earth
If you say that something cost the earth or that you paid the earth for it, you are emphasizing that it cost a very large amount of money. (INFORMAL)

- It must have cost the earth.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

earth

noun

1.

world

globe

orb

planet

sphere

2.

soil

clay

dirt

ground

land

turf

earthbound

[D.J.:ˈə:θbaund]

[K.K.:ˈɚθˌbaʊnd]

adj.

固着于土地的,为世俗利益所束缚的,讲实际的

earthbound

1. earthbound
If something is earthbound , it is unable to fly, or is on the ground rather than in the air or in space.

- The Hubble telescope is producing images much sharper than those of earthbound telescopes.

- The earthbound larvae from which they develop are less pretty, but just as predatory.

ADJ

2. earthbound
If you describe someone or something as earthbound , you mean that they do not have very much imagination.

- ...the daughter of a stolid, earthbound salesman and a wild actress.

ADJ-GRADED

earthen

[D.J.:ˈɜ:θən, -ðən]

[K.K.:ˈə..θən, -ðən]

adj.

(地面或墙)泥土做的;土制的

(物体)陶制的

earthen

1. earthen
Earthen containers and objects are made of clay that is baked so that it becomes hard.

- ...an earthen jar.

ADJ: ADJ n
= earthenware

2. earthen
An earthen floor, bank, or mound is made of hard earth.

- Despite the mud outside, the earthen floor was clean.

ADJ: ADJ n

earthenware

[D.J.:ˈɜ:θənˌweə, -ðən-]

[K.K.:ˈə..θənˌwɛr, -ðən-]

n.

陶器

earthenware

1. earthenware
Earthenware bowls, pots, or other objects are made of clay that is baked so that it becomes hard.

- The dresser is laden with earthenware pots.

ADJ: ADJ n
= terracotta

2. earthenware
Earthenware objects are referred to as earthenware .

- ...colourful Italian china and earthenware.

N-UNCOUNT
= terracotta

earthenware

noun

crockery

ceramics

pots

pottery

terracotta

earthling

[D.J.:ˈə:θliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɚθlɪŋ]

n.

(科幻小说中外星球人谈话时使用的)地球人

earthling

earthling earthlings
Earthling is used in science fiction to refer to human beings who live on the planet Earth.
N-COUNT: usu pl

earthliness

[ˈə:θlinis]

n.

世俗

earthly

[D.J.:ˈɜ:θli:]

[K.K.:ˈə..θli]

adj.

人间的,尘世的

可能的

no earthly use, reason, etc.

( 用于强调) 毫无用处( 或道理等)

not (have) an earthly (chance)

没有任何(机会或可能)

earthliness

n.

世俗,尘缘

earthly *

1. earthly
Earthly means happening in the material world of our life on earth and not in any spiritual life or life after death.

- ...the need to confront evil during the earthly life...

- They lived in an earthly paradise.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. earthly
Earthly is used for emphasis in phrases such as no earthly reason . If you say that there is no earthly reason why something should happen, you are emphasizing that there is no reason at all why it should happen.

- There is no earthly reason why they should ever change.

- What earthly reason would they have for lying?.

- There's no earthly use saying it isn't true.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

earthly

adjective

1.

worldly

human

material

mortal

secular

temporal

2.

possible

conceivable

feasible

imaginable

likely

practical

earthquake

[D.J.:ˈə:θkweik]

[K.K.:ˈɚθˌkwek]

n.

地震

动乱, 大震荡

earthquake **

earthquake earthquakes
An earthquake is a shaking of the ground caused by movement of the earth's crust.
N-COUNT

earth-shattering

earth-shattering
Something that is earth-shattering is very surprising or shocking.

- ...earth-shattering news.

ADJ-GRADED

earthwork

[D.J.:ˈə:θwə:k]

[K.K.:ˈɚθˌwɚk]

n.

土方(工程),土木工事

earthwork

earthwork earthworks
Earthworks are large structures of earth that have been built for defence, especially ones which were built a very long time ago.

- Europe's biggest Stone Age earthworks are at Silbury Hill in Wiltshire.

N-COUNT: usu pl

earthworm

[D.J.:ˈɜ:θˌwɜ:m]

[K.K.:ˈə..θˌwə..m]

n.

蚯蚓

earthworm

earthworm earthworms
An earthworm is a kind of worm which lives in the ground.
N-COUNT

earthiness

[ˈə:θinis]

n.

土质,土性

earthy

[D.J.:ˈə:θi]

[K.K.:ˈɚθi]

adj.

泥土的; 像泥土的

泥土气息的; 粗俗的

earthy *

1. earthy earthier earthiest
If you describe someone as earthy , you mean that they are open and direct, and talk about subjects which other people avoid or feel ashamed about.

- She is a very physical young woman, earthy, and very intense.

- ...his extremely earthy humour.

ADJ-GRADED approval

2. earthiness

- Dede grinned at her companion, delighting in her earthiness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. earthy earthier earthiest
If you describe something as earthy , you mean it looks, smells, or feels like earth.

- I'm attracted to warm, earthy colours.

- The rooms had the clean earthy smell of wet clay.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

earthy

adjective Informal

crude

bawdy

coarse

raunchy slang

ribald

robust

uninhibited

unsophisticated

earwig

[D.J.:ˈiəwiɡ]

[K.K.:ˈɪrˌwɪɡ]

n.

偷听者

vt.

暗中骚扰

earwig

earwig earwigs
An earwig is a small, thin, brown insect that has a pair of claws at the back end of its body.
N-COUNT

ease

[D.J.:i:z]

[K.K.:iz]

n.

容易

舒适, 安逸

vt. & vi.

(使)减轻, 舒缓

vt.

使安心, 使宽慰

小心缓慢地移动位置

vi.

缓和, 改善

easing

[ˈi:ziŋ]

n.

松开,放松

ease ***

1. ease
If you do something with ease , you do it easily, without difficulty or effort.

- Anne was intelligent and capable of passing her exams with ease.

- ...the ease with which young people could find work.

PHR: PHR after V
≠ difficulty

2. ease
If you talk about the ease of a particular activity, you are referring to the way that it has been made easier to do, or to the fact that it is already easy to do.

- For ease of reference, only the relevant extracts of the regulations are included.

- ...the camera's ease of use in manual mode.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

3. ease
Ease is the state of being very comfortable and able to live as you want, without any worries or problems.

- She lived a life of ease.

N-UNCOUNT
= comfort

4. ease eases easing eased
If something unpleasant eases or if you ease it, it is reduced in degree, speed, or intensity.

- Tensions had eased.

- The heavily falling snow had eased.

- I gave him some brandy to ease the pain.

- ...editorials calling for the easing of sanctions.

V-ERG

5. ease eases easing eased
If you ease your way somewhere or ease somewhere, you move there slowly, carefully, and gently. If you ease something somewhere, you move it there slowly, carefully, and gently.

- I eased my way towards the door.

- She eased back into the chair and nodded.

- He eased his foot off the accelerator.

- Leaphorn eased himself silently upward.

- I eased open the door.

VB

6. ease
If you are at ease , you are feeling confident and relaxed, and are able to talk to people without feeling nervous or anxious. If you put someone at their ease , you make them feel at ease.

- It is essential to feel at ease with your therapist.

- Both men were unwelcoming, making little attempt to put Kathryn or her companions at their ease.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

7. ease
` At ease ' or ` Stand at ease ' is an order given to a group of soldiers to stand with their feet apart and their hands behind their backs.

- At ease, Sergeant. This is completely informal.

PHR

8. ease
If you are ill at ease , you feel rather uncomfortable, anxious, or worried.

- He appeared embarrassed and ill at ease with the sustained applause that greeted him.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, PHR after v, oft PHR with n

ease

noun

1.

easiness

effortlessness

facility

readiness

simplicity

2.

content

comfort

happiness

peace

peace of mind

quiet

serenity

tranquillity

3.

rest

leisure

relaxation

repose

restfulness

verb

4.

relieve

alleviate

calm

comfort

lessen

lighten

relax

soothe

5.

move carefully

edge

inch

manoeuvre

slide

slip

ease off ***

ease off eases off; easing off; eased off
If something eases off , or a person or thing eases it off , it is reduced in degree, speed, or intensity.

- These days, the pressure has eased off.

- The rain had eased off.

- Kelly eased off his pace as they reached the elevator.

PHR-V-ERG

ease up ***

1. ease up eases up; easing up; eased up
If something eases up it is reduced in degree, speed, or intensity.

- The rain had eased up.

- New figures indicate the recession may be easing up.

PHR-V

2. ease up eases up; easing up; eased up
If you ease up , you start to make less effort.

- He told supporters not to ease up even though he's leading in the presidential race.

- Christie was easing up over the last 10m to finish third.

PHR-V

3. ease up eases up; easing up; eased up
If you ease up on someone or something, your behaviour or attitude towards them becomes less severe or strict. (INFORMAL)

- The manager does not intend to ease up on his players for some time.

- Officials have eased up on the press restrictions.

PHR-V

easel

[D.J.:ˈi:zəl]

[K.K.:ˈizəl]

n.

画架,黑板架

easel

easel easels
An easel is a wooden frame that supports a picture which an artist is painting or drawing.
N-COUNT

easiest

adj.

容易的,轻松的

easily

[D.J.:ˈi:zəli:]

[K.K.:ˈizəli]

adv.

容易地,不费力地

远远地

很可能,多半

easy

[D.J.:ˈi:zi]

[K.K.:ˈizi]

adj.

容易的, 不费力的

舒适的, 安心的, 安逸的

easily ***

1. easily
You use easily to emphasize that something is very likely to happen, or is very likely to be true.

- It could easily be another year before the economy starts to show some improvement.

- ...an ancient barn that is easily the length of two tennis courts.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV before v, also ADV n/adj emphasis

2. easily
You use easily to say that something happens more quickly or more often than is usual or normal.

- He had always cried very easily.

- They have nightmares, they startle easily.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

easy *****

1. easy easier easiest
If a job or action is easy , you can do it without difficulty or effort, because it is not complicated and causes no problems.

- The shower is easy to install.

- It's easy to get a seat at the best shows in town.

- This is not an easy task.

- The home is situated within easy access of shops and other facilities.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf, ADJ to-inf
= simple ≠ difficult

2. easily

- Dress your child in layers of clothes you can remove easily.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v
= simply

3. easy easier easiest
If you describe an action or activity as easy , you mean that it is done in a confident, relaxed way. If someone is easy about something, they feel relaxed and confident about it.

- She is laughing and joking and making easy conversation with people she has never met before.

- He was an easy person to talk to.

- Once you are both feeling a little easier about the break up of your relationship, you'll find that you can be more flexible.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n
≠ tense

4. easily

- They talked amiably and easily about a range of topics.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. easy easier easiest
If you say that someone has an easy life, you mean that they live comfortably without any problems or worries.

- She has not had an easy life.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= simple

6. easy easier easiest
If you say that something is easy or too easy , you are criticizing someone because they have done the most obvious or least difficult thing, and have not considered the situation carefully enough.

- That's easy for you to say.

- It was all too easy to believe it.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ to-inf, ADJ to-inf disapproval

7. easy easier easiest
You use easy in expressions such as easy on the ear or easy on the eye when you are describing things that are pleasant and that do not need much effort to be enjoyed or done. (INFORMAL)

- The music sounds like an advert -- easy on the ear but bland and forgettable.

- The layout should be clear and easy on the eye.

- ...a low-impact form of aerobic exercise that's easy on the joints.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ on the n
= gentle undemanding

8. easy easier easiest
If you describe someone or something as easy prey or as an easy target , you mean that they can easily be attacked or criticized.

- Tourists have become easy prey.

- The World Bank, with its poor environmental record, is an easy target for blame.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= soft

9. easy
You use the expression easy come, easy go to indicate that the person you are talking about does not care much about money and possessions. (INFORMAL)

- My attitude to money is slightly easy come, easy go.

PHR

10. easy
If you say ` Easy does it ', you are telling someone to be careful and not to use too much effort, especially when they are moving something large and awkward. (SPOKEN)
CONVENTION

11. easy
If you tell someone to go easy on something, you are telling them to use only a small amount of it. (INFORMAL)

- Go easy on the alcohol.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

12. easy
If you tell someone to go easy on , or be easy on , a particular person, you are telling them not to punish or treat that person very severely. (INFORMAL)

- `Go easy on him,' Sam repeated, opening the door.

- Be a little easier on yourself and enjoy yourself more.

- This agency has been far too easy on the timber industry over the years.

PHR: V and ADJ inflect, PHR n

13. easy
If you say that something is easier said than done , you are emphasizing that although it sounds like a good idea in theory, you think it would be difficult to actually do it.

- Avoiding mosquito bites is easier said than done.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

14. easy
If someone tells you to take it easy or take things easy , they mean that you should relax and not do very much at all. (INFORMAL)

- It is best to take things easy for a week or two.

PHR: V and ADJ inflect

easily

adverb

without difficulty

comfortably

effortlessly

readily

smoothly

with ease

with one hand tied behind one's back

easy

adjective

1.

not difficult

a piece of cake informal

child's play informal

effortless

no trouble

painless

plain sailing

simple

straightforward

uncomplicated

undemanding

2.

carefree

comfortable

cushy informal

leisurely

peaceful

quiet

relaxed

serene

tranquil

untroubled

3.

tolerant

easy-going

indulgent

lenient

mild

permissive

unoppressive

east

[i:st]

n.

东, 东方

adj.

东方的, 向东方的

(风)从东方来的

adv.

向东方(地)

east *****

1. east
The east is the direction where the sun rises.

- ...the vast swamps which lie to the east of the River Nile...

- The principal range runs east to west.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N also East .

2. east
The east of a place, country, or region is the part which is in the east.

- ...a village in the east of the country...

- They are said to control large parts of the east and south of the country.

N-SING: usu the N, oft N of n also East .

3. east
If you go east , you travel towards the east.

- To drive, go east on Route 9.

ADV: ADV after v also East .

4. east
Something that is east of a place is positioned to the east of it.

- ...just east of the center of town.

ADV: usu ADV of n also East .

5. east
The east edge, corner, or part of a place or country is the part which is towards the east.

- ...a low line of hills running along the east coast.

ADJ: ADJ n also East .

6. east
East is used in the names of some countries, states, and regions in the east of a larger area

- He had been on safari in East Africa with his son.

ADJ: ADJ n also East .

7. east
An east wind is a wind that blows from the east.
ADJ also East .

8. east
The East is used to refer to the southern and eastern part of Asia, including India, China, and Japan.

- Every so often, a new martial art arrives from the East.

N-SING: the N also East .

eastbound

[D.J.:i:stbaund]

[K.K.:ˈistˌbaʊnd]

adj.

东行的; 向东的

eastbound

eastbound
Eastbound roads, cars, trains, or flights lead to or are travelling towards the east. (FORMAL)

- He caught an eastbound train to Tottenham Court Road.

ADJ: ADJ n

Easter

[D.J.:ˈi:stə]

[K.K.:ˈistɚ]

n.

〈宗〉复活节

Easter **

1. Easter Easters
Easter is a Christian festival when Jesus Christ's return to life is celebrated. It is celebrated on a Sunday in March or April.

- `Happy Easter,' he yelled.

- ...the first Easter morning.

N-VAR: oft N n

2. Easter Easters
Easter is the period of several days around and including Easter Sunday.

- They usually have a walking holiday at Easter.

- She spends her Easter holidays taking groups of children to France.

- The government declared Easter Monday a public holiday.

N-VAR: oft N n

Easter egg

Easter egg Easter eggs
An Easter egg is an egg made of chocolate that is given as a present at Easter. In some countries, Easter eggs are hidden and children then look for them.
N-COUNT

easterly

[D.J.:ˈi:stəli:]

[K.K.:ˈistəli]

adj. & adv.

东方的(地),东部的(地)

(指风)从东吹来的(地)

easterly

1. easterly
An easterly point, area, or direction is to the east or towards the east.

- He progressed slowly along the coast in an easterly direction.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. easterly
An easterly wind is a wind that blows from the east.

- ...the cold easterly winds from Scandinavia.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

eastern

[D.J.:ˈi:stən]

[K.K.:ˈistən]

adj.

东方的, 东部的, 来自东方的

eastern ****

1. eastern
Eastern means in or from the east of a region, state, or country.

- ...Eastern Europe.

- ...Pakistan's eastern city of Lahore.

- ...France's eastern border with Germany.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. eastern
Eastern means coming from or associated with the people or countries of the East, such as India, China, or Japan.

- In many Eastern countries massage was and is a part of everyday life.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also Middle Eastern .

easterner

[D.J.:ˈi:stənə]

[K.K.:ˈistənɚ]

n.

东方人

easterner

easterner easterners
An easterner is a person who was born in or who lives in the eastern part of a place or country, especially an American from the East Coast of the USA. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

easternmost

[D.J.:ˈi:stənməust]

[K.K.:ˈistənˌmost]

adj.

最东部的,极东的

easternmost

easternmost
The easternmost part of an area is the one that is farthest towards the east. (FORMAL)

- ...Irian Jaya, the easternmost province of Indonesia.

ADJ-SUPERL: ADJ n

Easter Sunday

Easter Sunday
Easter Sunday is the Sunday in March or April when Easter is celebrated.
N-UNCOUNT

East German ***

1. East German
East German is used to describe things that belonged or related to the former German Democratic Republic.
ADJ

2. East German East Germans
East Germans were people from the German Democratic Republic.
N-COUNT

eastward

[D.J.:ˈi:stwəd]

[K.K.:ˈistwəd]

adj.

向东

eastward

1. eastward
Eastward or eastwards means towards the east.

- A powerful snow storm is moving eastward.

- They were pressing on eastwards towards the city's small airfield.

ADV: ADV after v The form eastwards is also used
= east

2. eastward
Also an adjective.

- ...the eastward expansion of the City of London.

ADJ The form eastwards is also used

easy chair

easy chair easy chairs
An easy chair is a large, comfortable padded chair.
N-COUNT

easy-going

[D.J.:ˌi:zi:ˈgəʊɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˌiziˈɡoɪŋ]

adj.

随和的

easy-going *

easy-going
If you describe someone as easy-going , you mean that they are not easily annoyed, worried, or upset, and you think this is a good quality.

- He was easy-going and good-natured.

- Athenians have a very easy-going attitude to life.

ADJ-GRADED approval

easy-going

adjective

relaxed

carefree

casual

easy

even-tempered

happy-go-lucky

laid-back informal

nonchalant

placid

tolerant

undemanding

easy listening

easy listening
Easy listening is gentle, relaxing music. Some people do not like this kind of music because they do not think that it is very interesting or exciting.

- ...a programme of easy listening that includes classics and family favourites.

- ...an easy listening version of the Oasis hit Wonderwall.

N-UNCOUNT

eat away ****

eat away eats away; eating away; ate away; eaten away
If one thing eats away another or eats away at another, it gradually destroys or uses it up.

- Water pours through the roof, encouraging rot to eat away the interior of the house.

- The recession is eating away at their revenues.

PHR-V

eat into ****

1. eat into eats into; eating into; ate into; eaten into
If something eats into your time or your resources, it uses them, when they should be used for other things.

- Responsibilities at home and work eat into his time.

- Wages were rising faster than productivity and this was eating into profits.

PHR-V

2. eat into eats into; eating into; ate into; eaten into
If a substance such as acid or rust eats into something, it destroys or damages its surface.

- Ulcers occur when the stomach's natural acids eat into the lining of the stomach.

PHR-V

eat up ****

1. eat up eats up; eating up; ate up; eaten up
When you eat up your food, you eat all of it.

- Eat up your lunch.

- Some seed fell along the footpath, and the birds came and ate it up.

PHR-V

2. eat up eats up; eating up; ate up; eaten up
If something eats up money, time, or resources, it uses them or consumes them in great quantities.

- Health insurance costs are eating up his income.

PHR-V

eaten up

eaten up
If someone is eaten up with jealousy, curiosity, or desire, they feel it very intensely. (INFORMAL)

- Don't waste your time being eaten up with envy.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with n

eater

[D.J.:ˈi:tə]

n.

吃…的人

eater *

eater eaters
You use the word eater to refer to someone who eats in a particular way or who eats particular kinds of food.

- I've never been a fussy eater.

- Vegetarians have a significantly lower blood pressure than meat eaters.

N-COUNT: supp N

eatery

[D.J.:ˈi:təri]

[K.K.:ˈitəri]

n.

〈美〉餐馆,食堂

eatery

eatery eateries
An eatery is a place where you can buy and eat food. (JOURNALISM)

- ...one of the most elegant old eateries in town.

N-COUNT

eating apple

eating apple eating apples
An eating apple is an ordinary apple that is usually eaten raw rather than cooked.
N-COUNT
≠ cooking apple

eau de cologne

eau de cologne
Eau de cologne is a fairly weak, sweet-smelling perfume.
N-UNCOUNT also eau de Cologne
= cologne

eaves

[D.J.:i:vz]

[K.K.:ivz]

n.

屋檐

eaves

eaves
The eaves of a house are the lower edges of its roof.

- There were icicles hanging from the eaves.

N-PLURAL

eavesdrop

[D.J.:ˈi:vzˌdrɔp]

[K.K.:ˈivzˌdrɑp]

vi.

偷听(别人的谈话)

eavesdropper

[ˈi:vzˌdrɔpə]

n.

偷听者

eavesdropping

n.

偷听

eavesdrop *

1. eavesdrop eavesdrops eavesdropping eavesdropped
If you eavesdrop on someone, you listen secretly to what they are saying.

- The government illegally eavesdropped on his telephone conversations.

- The housemaid eavesdropped from behind the kitchen door.

VB
= listen in

2. eavesdropping

- Eavesdropping is a pastime for the nosy.

N-UNCOUNT

3. eavesdropper eavesdroppers

- Modern technology enables eavesdroppers to pick up conversations through windows or walls.

N-COUNT

eavesdrop

verb

listen in

earwig informal

monitor

overhear

snoop informal

spy

ebb

[D.J.:eb]

[K.K.:ɛb]

vi.

(指潮水)退; 落

减少; 衰落

n.

退潮; 落潮

衰退; 衰落

ebb *

1. ebb ebbs ebbing ebbed
When the tide or the sea ebbs , its level gradually falls.

- As the tide ebbs, an ominous swell begins to run in.

VB

2. ebb ebbs
The ebb or the ebb tide is one of the regular periods, usually two per day, when the sea gradually falls to a lower level as the tide moves away from the land.

- ...the spring ebb tide...

- We decided to leave on the ebb at six o'clock next morning.

N-COUNT: usu the N

3. ebb ebbs ebbing ebbed
If someone's life, support, or feeling ebbs , it becomes weaker and gradually disappears. (FORMAL)

- ...as a man's physical strength ebbs...

- Were there occasions when enthusiasm ebbed?

VB

4. ebb away; ebbs away; ebbing away; ebbed away
Ebb away means the same as ebb .

- His little girl's life ebbed away.

- They suspect that their popular support is ebbing away.

PHR-V

5. ebb
If someone or something is at a low ebb or at their lowest ebb , they are not being very successful or profitable.

- ...a time when everyone is tired and at a low ebb...

- The Government's popularity is at its lowest ebb.

PHR: v-link PHR

6. ebb
You can use ebb and flow to describe the way that something repeatedly increases and decreases or rises and falls.

- ...the ebb and flow of feeling and moods.

PHR: usu PHR of n

ebb

verb

1.

flow back

go out

recede

retire

retreat

subside

wane

withdraw

2.

decline

decrease

diminish

dwindle

fade away

fall away

flag

lessen

peter out

noun

3.

flowing back

going out

low tide

low water

retreat

subsidence

wane

withdrawal

ebony

[D.J.:ˈebəni:]

[K.K.:ˈɛbəni]

n.

乌木,黑檀

adj.

乌木制的,似乌木的

ebony

1. ebony
Ebony is a very hard, heavy, dark-coloured wood.

- ...a small ebony cabinet.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. ebony
Something that is ebony is a very deep black colour. (LITERARY)

- He had rich, soft ebony hair.

ADJ

ebullience

[D.J.:ɪˈbʊljəns, ɪˈbʌl-]

[K.K.:ɪˈbʊljəns, ɪˈbʌl-]

n.

(感情等的)奔放;兴高采烈

沸腾

ebullient

[D.J.:ɪˈbʊljənt, ɪˈbʌl-]

[K.K.:ɪˈbʊljənt, ɪˈbʌl-]

adj.

热情奔放的;兴高采烈的

ebullient *

1. ebullient
If you describe someone as ebullient , you mean that they are lively and full of enthusiasm or excitement about something. (FORMAL)

- ...the ebullient Russian President.

ADJ-GRADED
= exhilarated

2. ebullience

- His natural ebullience began to return.

N-UNCOUNT

e-business

电子商务

e-business

1. e-business e-businesses.
An e-business is a business which uses the Internet to sell goods or services, especially one which does not also have shops or offices that people can visit or phone.
N-COUNT

2. e-business
E-business is the buying, selling, and ordering of goods and services using the Internet.

- ...proven e-business solutions.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

eccentric

[D.J.:ikˈsentrik]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsɛntrɪk, ɛk-]

adj.

古怪的, 怪癖的; 异乎寻常的

eccentrically

adv.

离开中心,反常地

eccentric **

1. eccentric
If you say that someone is eccentric , you mean that they behave in a strange way, and have habits or opinions that are different from those of most people.

- He is an eccentric character who likes wearing a beret and dark glasses.

- ...Mr Thomas, a businessman with eccentric views.

ADJ-GRADED
= odd

2. eccentric eccentrics
An eccentric is an eccentric person.
N-COUNT

3. eccentrically

- ...painters, eccentrically dressed and already half drunk.

ADV-GRADED

eccentric

adjective

1.

odd

freakish

idiosyncratic

irregular

outlandish

peculiar

quirky

strange

unconventional

noun

2.

crank informal

character informal

nonconformist

oddball informal

weirdo or weirdie informal

eccentricity

[D.J.:ˌeksenˈtrɪsɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌɛksɛnˈtrɪsɪti]

n.

古怪行为;反常

eccentricity *

1. eccentricity
Eccentricity is unusual behaviour that other people consider strange.

- He was known as Mad Shelley partly because of his eccentricity and partly because of his violent temper.

- She is unusual to the point of eccentricity.

N-UNCOUNT
= oddness

2. eccentricity eccentricities
Eccentricities are ways of behaving that people think are strange, or habits or opinions that are different from those of most people.

- We all have our eccentricities.

- ...the eccentricities of British life.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft with poss
= peculiarity

eccentricity

noun

oddity

abnormality

caprice

capriciousness

foible

idiosyncrasy

irregularity

peculiarity

quirk

ecclesiastic

[D.J.:iˌkli:ziˈæstik]

[K.K.:ɪˌkliziˈæstɪk]

n.

神职者,教会,牧师

adj.

神职者的,牧师的,教会的

ecclesiastic

ecclesiastic ecclesiastics
An ecclesiastic is a priest or clergyman in the Christian Church. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

ecclesiastic

noun

1.

clergyman

churchman

cleric

holy man

man of the cloth

minister

parson

pastor

priest

adjective

2.

clerical

divine

holy

pastoral

priestly

religious

spiritual

ecclesiastical

[D.J.:ɪˌkli:zi:ˈæstɪkəl]

[K.K.:ɪˌkliziˈæstɪkəl]

adj.

基督教的;(与)教会(有关)的

ecclesiastically

adv.

基督教地;(与)教会(有关)地

ecclesiastically

依照教会法式,教规上

ecclesiastical *

ecclesiastical
Ecclesiastical means belonging to or connected with the Christian Church.

- My ambition was to travel upwards in the ecclesiastical hierarchy.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

ECG

abbr.

Electrocardiograph 心电图

ECG

abbr.

Electrocardiograph 心电图

ECG

ECG ECGs
ECG is an abbreviation for electrocardiogram .
N-VAR

echelon

[D.J.:ˈeʃəˌlɔn]

[K.K.:ˈɛʃəˌlɑn]

n.

(机构中的)等级,阶层

(军舰、士兵、飞机等的)梯形编队

echelon *

1. echelon echelons
An echelon in an organization or society is a level or rank in it. (FORMAL)

- ...the lower echelons of society.

N-COUNT: usu adj N, oft N of n

2. echelon echelons
An echelon is a military formation in which soldiers, vehicles, ships, or aircraft follow each other but are spaced out sideways so that they can see ahead.
N-COUNT: usu supp N

echo

[ˈekəu]

n.

回声; 共鸣

vt. & vi.

回响

vt.

重复; 随声附和

echoing

[ˈekəuiŋ]

n.

回声[波]现象,反照现象

echo ***

1. echo echoes
An echo is a sound which is caused by a noise being reflected off a surface such as a wall.

- He listened and heard nothing but the echoes of his own voice dying in the cave.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. echo echoes echoing echoed
If a sound echoes , it is a reflected off a surface and can be heard again after the original sound has stopped.

- His feet echoed on the bare board floor.

- The bang came suddenly, echoing across the buildings, shattering glass.

VB
= reverberate

3. echo echoes echoing echoed
In a place that echoes , a sound is reflected off a surface, and is repeated after the original sound has stopped.

- The room echoed.

- The corridor echoed with the barking of a dozen dogs.

- ...the bare stone floors and the echoing hall.

VB

4. echo echoes echoing echoed
If you echo someone's words, you repeat them or express agreement with their attitude or opinion.

- Many phrases in the last two chapters echo earlier passages.

- Their views often echo each other.

- `That was a truly delicious piece of pork,' he said. `Yes, wasn't it?' echoed Penelope.

VB

5. echo echoes
An echo is an expression of an attitude, opinion, or statement which has already been expressed.

- I hear an echo of the thinking that got us into this mess in the first place.

- Political attacks work only if they find an echo with voters.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

6. echo echoes
A detail or feature which reminds you of something else can be referred to as an echo .

- The accident has echoes of past disasters.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= reminder

7. echo echoes echoing echoed
If one thing echoes another, the first is a copy of a particular detail or feature of the other.

- Pinks and beiges were chosen to echo the colours of the ceiling.

VB
= imitate

8. echo echoes echoing echoed
If something echoes , it continues to be discussed and remains important or influential in a particular situation or among a particular group of people.

- The old fable continues to echo down the centuries.

VB
= resound

echo

noun

1.

repetition

answer

reverberation

2.

copy

imitation

mirror image

parallel

reflection

reiteration

reproduction

verb

3.

repeat

resound

reverberate

4.

copy

ape

imitate

mirror

parallel

recall

reflect

resemble

´eclair

´eclair ´eclairs
An ´eclair is a long thin cake made of very light pastry, which is filled with cream and usually has chocolate on top.
N-COUNT also eclair .

eclectic

[D.J.:ɪˈklektɪk]

[K.K.:ɪˈklɛktɪk]

adj.

(人)兼收并蓄的;(方法、思想等)折中的;从不同来源选辑的

eclectically

adv.

折中主义地

eclecticism

n.

折中主义者

eclectically

adv.

折衷地

eclecticism

[D.J.:ɪˈklektəˌsɪzəm]

[K.K.:ɪˈklɛktəˌsɪzəm]

n.

折衷派;折衷说

eclectic *

eclectic
An eclectic collection of objects, ideas, or beliefs is wide-ranging and comes from many different sources. (FORMAL)

- ...an eclectic collection of paintings, drawings, and prints.

ADJ-GRADED
= diverse

eclecticism

eclecticism
Eclecticism is the principle or practice of choosing or involving objects, ideas, and beliefs from many different sources. (FORMAL)

- The eclecticism of the designs means it is difficult to define one overall look.

- ...her cultural eclecticism.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

eclipse

[D.J.:iˈklips]

[K.K.:ɪˈklɪps]

n.

(日、月)食

消失, 黯然失色

vt.

(日、月)食

使黯然失色; 使蒙上阴影

eclipsing

重叠

eclipse *

1. eclipse eclipses
An eclipse of the sun is an occasion when the moon is between the earth and the sun, so that for a short time you cannot see part or all of the sun. An eclipse of the moon is an occasion when the earth is between the sun and the moon, so that for a short time you cannot see part or all of the moon.

- ...the solar eclipse on May 21st.

- ...the total lunar eclipse.

- ...an eclipse of the sun.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft adj N, N of n

2. eclipse eclipses eclipsing eclipsed
If one thing is eclipsed by a second thing that is bigger, newer, or more important than it, the first thing is no longer noticed because the second thing gets all the attention.

- Only recently has the gramophone been eclipsed by new technology such as the compact disc.

- Of course, nothing is going to eclipse winning the Olympic title.

VB
= overshadow

eclipse

noun

1.

obscuring

darkening

dimming

extinction

shading

verb

2.

surpass

exceed

excel

outdo

outshine

put in the shade informal

transcend

eco-

[D.J.:ˈekəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈɛko]

pref.

表示“环境、生态、生态学的”之义

eco-

eco-
Eco- combines with nouns and adjectives to form other nouns and adjectives which describe something as being related to ecology.

- ...the eco-horror of the North Sea oil spill.

PREFIX

eco-friendly

adj.

对生态环境友好的,不妨害生态环境的

eco-friendly

eco-friendly
Eco-friendly products or services are less harmful to the environment than other similar products or services.

- ...eco-friendly washing powder...

- Tourism must try to be eco-friendly.

ADJ: oft ADJ n

ecological

[D.J.:ˌekəˈl ɔd ʒɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌ ɛkəˈl ɑd ʒɪkəl]

adj.

生态(学)的

ecological **

1. ecological
Ecological means involved with or concerning ecology.

- Large dams have harmed Siberia's delicate ecological balance.

- ...ecological disasters, such as the destruction of rainforest.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. ecologically

- It is economical to run and ecologically sound.

ADV

3. ecological
Ecological groups, movements, and people are concerned with preserving the environment and natural resources, so that they can be used in a sensible way, rather than being wasted.

- Ecological groups say that nothing is being done to tackle the problem.

ADJ: ADJ n

ecologist

[D.J.:i:ˈk ɔləd ʒɪst]

[K.K.:iˈk ɑləd ʒɪst]

n.

生态学者

ecologist *

1. ecologist ecologists
An ecologist is a person who studies ecology.

- Ecologists argue that the benefits of treating sewage with disinfectants are doubtful.

N-COUNT

2. ecologist ecologists
An ecologist is a person who believes that the environment and natural resources should be preserved and used in a sensible way, rather than being wasted.

- In the opinion polls the ecologists reached 20 per cent alongside the Socialists earlier in the year.

N-COUNT

ecology

[D.J.:iˈkɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:ɪˈkɑlədʒi]

n.

生态, 生态学

ecology *

1. ecology
Ecology is the study of the relationships between plants, animals, people, and their environment, and the balances between these relationships.

- ...a senior lecturer in ecology.

N-UNCOUNT

2. ecology ecologies
When you talk about the ecology of a place, you are referring to the pattern and balance of relationships between plants, animals, people, and the environment in that place.

- ...the ecology of the rocky Negev desert in Israel.

- ...the extinction of the marshes' unique ecology...

- Global ecological efforts can easily be at odds with local ecologies.

N-VAR: usu with supp

e-commerce

n.

电子商务

e-commerce

e-commerce
e-commerce is the same as e-business .

- ...the anticipated explosion of e-commerce.

N-UNCOUNT

economic

[D.J.:ˌɪkəˈnɔmik]

[K.K.:ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə-]

adj.

经济的, 经济学的

合算的, 有经济效益的

economical

[D.J.:ˌɪkəˈnɔmikəl]

[K.K.:ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkəl, ˌikə-]

adj.

节约的, 节俭的, 经济的

economically

[D.J.:ˌi:kəˈn ɔmɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌikəˈn ɑmɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

节约地,节俭地;节省地；经济地

在经济上

economic *****

1. economic
Economic means concerned with the organization of the money, industry, and trade of a country, region, or society.

- ...Poland's radical economic reforms...

- The pace of economic growth is picking up.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. economically

- ...an economically depressed area...

- Small English orchards can hardly compete economically with larger French ones.

- Economically and politically, this affair couldn't come at a worse time.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed, ADV after v, ADV with cl

3. economic
If something is economic , it produces a profit.

- Critics say that the new system may be more economic but will lead to a decline in programme quality.

ADJ-GRADED
= profitable

economical *

1. economical
Something that is economical does not require a lot of money to operate. For example a car that only uses a small amount of petrol is economical .

- ...plans to trade in their car for something smaller and more economical...

- It is more economical to wash a full load.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf, it v-link ADJ to-inf

2. economically

- Services could be operated more efficiently and economically.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. economical
Someone who is economical spends money sensibly and does not want to waste it on things that are unnecessary. A way of life that is economical does not need a lot of money.

- ...ideas for economical housekeeping.

ADJ-GRADED
= prudent thrifty

4. economical
Economical means using the minimum amount of time, effort, or language that is necessary.

- His gestures were economical, his words generally mild.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

5. economically

- Burn's novel, vividly and economically written, is a sombre reflection on fame and its cost.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed

economic

adjective

1.

financial

commercial

industrial

2.

profitable

money-making

productive

profit-making

remunerative

viable

3.

inexpensive

cheap

low-priced

modest

reasonable

economical

adjective Informal

1.

thrifty

careful

frugal

prudent

scrimping

sparing

2.

cost-effective

efficient

money-saving

sparing

time-saving

economics

[D.J.:ˌɪkəˈnɔmiks]

[K.K.:ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks, ˌikə-]

n.

经济学

经济状况, 经济意义

economics ***

1. economics
Economics is the study of the way in which money, industry, and trade are organized in a society.

- He gained a first class Honours degree in economics.

N-UNCOUNT
See also home economics .

2. economics
The economics of a society or industry is the system of organizing money and trade in it.

- He is regarded as a committed supporter of a radical free-market economics policy.

- ...the economics of the third world.

N-UNCOUNT

economist

[D.J.:ɪˈkɔnəmɪst]

[K.K.:ɪˈkɑnəmɪst]

n.

经济学家,经济专家

economist ***

economist economists
An economist is a person who studies, teaches, or writes about economics.
N-COUNT

economize

[D.J.:ɪˈkɔnəˌmaɪz]

[K.K.:ɪˈkɑnəˌmaɪz]

vi.

节省;减少开支

economize

economize economizes economizing economized
If you economize , you save money by spending it very carefully.

- We're going to have to economize from now on.

- Hollywood has been talking about economizing on movie budgets.

VB (BRIT) also economise
= cut costs

economize

verb

cut back

be economical

be frugal

draw in one's horns

retrench

save

scrimp

tighten one's belt

economy

[D.J.:iˈkɔnəmi]

[K.K.:ɪˈkɑnəmi]

n.

节约, 节省

经济体制, 经济状况

economy *****

1. economy economies
An economy is the system according to which the money, industry, and trade of a country or region are organized.

- Zimbabwe boasts Africa's most industrialised economy.

N-COUNT

2. economy economies
A country's economy is the wealth that it gets from business and industry.

- The Japanese economy grew at an annual rate of more than 10 per cent.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

3. economy
Economy is the use of the minimum amount of money, time, or other resources needed to achieve something, so that nothing is wasted.

- ...improvements in the fuel economy of cars...

- There was mostly silence. I have never known such economy with words.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

4. economy economies
If you make economies , you try to save money by not spending money on unnecessary things.

- They will make economies by hiring fewer part-time workers.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= savings

5. economy
Economy services such as travel are cheap and have no luxuries or extras.
ADJ: ADJ n
See economy class .

6. economy
Economy is used to describe large packs of goods which are cheaper than normal sized packs.

- ...an economy pack containing 150 assorted screws.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. economy
If you describe an attempt to save money as a false economy , you mean that you have not saved any money as you will have to spend a lot more later.

- A cheap bed can be a false economy, so spend as much as you can afford.

- It seems a false economy to me to cut down on libraries.

PHR: v-link PHR

economy

noun

thrift

frugality

husbandry

parsimony

prudence

restraint

economy class

1. economy class
On an aeroplane, an economy class ticket or seat is the cheapest available.

- The price includes two econony class airfares from Brisbane to Los Angeles.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. economy class
Also an adverb.

- He prefers to fly economy class.

ADV: ADV after v

3. economy class
Also a noun.

- She sat in economy class on the flight to Bucharest.

N-UNCOUNT

ecosystem

[D.J.:ˈekəʊˌsɪstəm, ˈi:kəʊ-]

[K.K.:ˈɛkoˌsɪstəm, ˈiko-]

n.

<生>生态系统

ecosystem *

ecosystem ecosystems
An ecosystem is all the plants and animals that live in a particular area together with the complex relationship that exists between them and their environment. (TECHNICAL)

- Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert.

- ...the forest ecosystem.

N-COUNT

eco-tourism

1. eco-tourism
Eco-tourism is the business of providing holidays and related services which are not harmful to the environment of the area.
N-UNCOUNT

2. eco-tourist eco-tourists

- an environmentally sensitive project to cater for eco-tourists.

N-COUNT

ecru

[D.J.:ˈeikru:]

[K.K.:ˈɛkru, ˈekru]

adj.

本色的

n.

淡褐色,米色

ecru

ecru
Something that is ecru is pale, creamy white in colour.

- ...cuffs of ecru lace.

COLOUR

ecstasy

[D.J.:ˈekstəsi]

[K.K.:ˈɛkstəsi]

n.

狂喜; 出神, 入迷

ecstasy *

1. ecstasy ecstasies
Ecstasy is a feeling of very great happiness.

- ...a state of almost religious ecstasy.

- ...the agony and ecstasy of holiday romance.

N-VAR

2. ecstasy
Ecstasy is an illegal drug which makes people feel happy and energetic.
N-UNCOUNT

3. ecstasy
If you are in ecstasy about something, you are very excited about it. If you go into ecstasies , you become very excited.

- My father was in ecstasy when I won my scholarship.

- She went into ecstasies over actors.

PHR: N inflects

ecstasy

noun

rapture

bliss

delight

elation

euphoria

fervour

joy

seventh heaven

ecstatic

[D.J.:ekˈstætɪk]

[K.K.:ɛkˈstætɪk]

adj.

狂喜的;入迷的

ecstatically

[D.J.:ɪkˈstætɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstætɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

狂喜地;心醉神迷地

ecstatic *

1. ecstatic
If you are ecstatic , you feel very happy and full of excitement.

- His wife gave birth to their first child, and he was ecstatic about it.

- They were greeted by the cheers of an ecstatic crowd.

ADJ-GRADED
= delirious

2. ecstatically

- We are both ecstatically happy.

ADV-GRADED

3. ecstatic
You can use ecstatic to describe reactions that are very enthusiastic and excited. For example, if someone receives an ecstatic reception or an ecstatic welcome, they are greeted with great enthusiasm and excitement.

- They gave an ecstatic reception to the speech.

- The production received ecstatic reviews and had audiences weeping.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= rapturous

ecstatic

adjective

rapturous

blissful

elated

enraptured

entranced

euphoric

in seventh heaven

joyous

on cloud nine informal

overjoyed

ectopic

[ekˈtɔpik]

adj.

异位的;异常的

ectopic

ectopic
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg becomes implanted outside a woman's womb, for example in one of her fallopian tubes.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

ecu **

ecu ecus
The ecu is a unit of currency used for accounting purposes by the European Union's financial institutions. Ecu is an abbreviation for `European Currency Unit'.
N-COUNT

ecumenical

[D.J.:ˌi:kju(:)ˈmenikəl]

[K.K.:ˌɛkjəˈmɛnɪkəl]

adj.

一般的,普通的

ecumenical

ecumenical
Ecumenical activities, ideas, and movements try to unite different Christian Churches. (FORMAL)

- ...ecumenical church services...

- He was deeply involved in the ecumenical movement.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

ecumenism

[D.J.:ˈekjuminizəm]

[K.K.:ˈɛkjəməˌnɪzəm, ɪˈkju-]

n.

泛基督教主义

ecumenism

ecumenism
Ecumenism is the belief that the different Christian Churches should be as united as possible, and can also be used to refer to actions based on this belief. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

eczema

[D.J.:ˈeksəmə, ˈegzə-, ɪgˈzi:-]

[K.K.:ˈɛksəmə, ˈɛɡzə-, ɪɡˈzi-]

n.

<医>湿疹

eczema *

eczema
Eczema is a skin disease which makes your skin itch and become sore, rough, and broken.
N-UNCOUNT

-ed

1. -ed
-ed is added to verbs to form their past tense or their past participle. If the verb ends in e, one of the e's is dropped. If the verb ends in y, the y is usually changed to i.

- I posted the letter.

- He danced well.

- `I quite understand,' he replied.

SUFFIX

2. -ed
-ed is added to nouns to form adjectives that describe someone or something as having a particular feature or features.

- ...a fat, bearded man.

- ...coloured flags.

SUFFIX

3. -ed
-ed is added to nouns or verbs combined with other words, to form compound adjectives.

- He rolled a scrap of paper into a cone-shaped container.

- He wore green-tinted glasses.

SUFFIX

ed. **

ed.
ed. is a written abbreviation for editor .

eddy

[D.J.:ˈedi:]

[K.K.:ˈɛdi]

n.

(水、烟等的)漩涡,涡流

vt. & vi.

起漩涡,旋转

eddying

[ˈediiŋ]

n.

涡流;涡流的形成

eddy

1. eddy eddies
An eddy is a movement in water or in the air which goes round and round instead of flowing in one continuous direction.
N-COUNT

2. eddy eddies eddying eddied
To eddy means to move round and round, or to move in a disorganized way. (LITERARY)

- The dust whirled and eddied in the sunlight.

- The crowds were eddying into the road.

VB

eddy

noun

1.

swirl

counter-current

counterflow

undertow

vortex

whirlpool

verb

2.

swirl

whirl

edge

[D.J.:edʒ]

[K.K.:ɛdʒ]

n.

边, 棱, 边缘

刀口[刃]

优势, 优势地位

vt.

给…形成边

使锐利

vi.

慢慢向前移动, 侧身移动

edged

[edʒd]

adj.

有…边的; 刀口…的

edging

[D.J.:ˈedʒiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɛdʒɪŋ]

n.

边饰,缘饰,边缘,流苏

edge ****

1. edge edges
The edge of something is the place or line where it stops, or the part of it that is furthest from the middle.

- We were on a hill, right on the edge of town.

- She was standing at the water's edge.

- Daniel stepped in front of her desk and sat down on its edge.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. edge edges
The edge of something sharp such as a knife or an axe is its sharp or narrow side.

- ...the sharp edge of the sword.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. edge edges edging edged
If someone or something edges somewhere, they move very slowly in that direction.

- He edged closer to the telephone, ready to grab it.

- He is edging ahead in the opinion polls.

VB

4. edge
The edge of something, especially something bad, is the point at which it may start to happen.

- They have driven the rhino to the edge of extinction.

- She was on the edge of tears.

N-SING: usu the N of n
= verge brink

5. edge
If someone or something has an edge , they have an advantage that makes them stronger or more likely to be successful than another thing or person.

- The three days France have to prepare could give them the edge over England.

- Through superior production techniques they were able to gain the competitive edge.

N-SING: oft N over n, N in n/-ing
= upper hand

6. edge
If you say that someone or something has an edge , you mean that they have a powerful quality.

- Featuring new bands gives the show an edge.

- Greene's stories had an edge of realism.

N-SING: a N

7. edge
If someone's voice has an edge to it, it has a sharp, bitter, or emotional quality.

- But underneath the humour is an edge of bitterness.

- There was a nervous edge to his voice.

N-SING: oft N of n, N to n

8. edge
If you or your nerves are on edge , you are tense, nervous, and unable to relax.

- My nerves were constantly on edge.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

9. edge
If you say that someone is on the edge of their seat or chair , you mean that they are very interested in what is happening or what is going to happen.

- Most of the time the audience is on the edge of its seat.

PHR: N inflects, usu v-link PHR, v PHR

10. edge
If you say that a person or a piece of entertainment has rough edges , you mean that they have some small faults, although generally you approve of them.

- The show, despite some rough edges, was an instant success.

PHR

11. edge
If something takes the edge off a situation, usually an unpleasant one, it weakens its effect or intensity.

- A spell of poor health took the edge off her performance.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

edged **

1. edged
If something is edged with a particular thing, that thing forms a border around it.

- ...a large lawn edged with flowers and shrubs.

- ...blank pages edged in black.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with/in n

2. edged
Also a combining form.

- ...clutching a lace-edged handkerchief.

COMB in ADJ

edging

edging edgings
Edging is something that is put along the borders or sides of something else, usually to make it look attractive.

- ...the satin edging on Randall's blanket.

N-VAR

edge

noun

1.

border

boundary

brink

fringe

limit

outline

perimeter

rim

side

verge

2.

sharpness

bite

effectiveness

force

incisiveness

keenness

point

have the edge on

3.

advantage

ascendancy

dominance

lead

superiority

upper hand

on edge

4.

nervous

apprehensive

edgy

ill at ease

impatient

irritable

keyed up

on tenterhooks

tense

verb

5.

border

fringe

hem

6.

inch

creep

ease

sidle

steal

edge out ****

edge out edges out; edging out; edged out
If someone edges out someone else, they just manage to beat them or get in front of them in a game, race, or contest.

- In the second race, Germany and France edged out the British team by less than a second.

- McGregor's effort was enough to edge Johnson out of the top spot.

PHR-V

-edged

-edged
-edged combines with words such as `sharp', `raw', and `dark' to form adjectives which indicate that something such as a play or a piece of writing is very powerful or critical. (JOURNALISM)

- ...a sharp-edged satire that puts the Hollywood system under the microscope.

- ...the raw-edged vitality and daring of these works.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED
See also edge , edged , hard-edged .

edgeways

[ˈedʒweiz]

adv.

以刃向外,从旁边

edgeways

edgeways
If you say that you cannot get a word in edgeways , you are complaining that you do not have the opportunity to speak because someone else is talking so much. (INFORMAL)

- He spent all the time talking and they could not get a word in edgeways.

PHR: V inflects The spelling edgewise is also used, especially in disapproval

edgy

[D.J.:ˈedʒi:]

[K.K.:ˈɛdʒi]

adj.

不安的, 易激怒的

edgy *

edgy edgier edgiest
If someone is edgy , they are nervous and anxious, and seem likely to lose control of themselves. (INFORMAL)

- She was nervous and edgy, still chain-smoking.

ADJ-GRADED
= uptight tense

edgy

adjective

nervous

anxious

ill at ease

irritable

keyed up

on edge

on tenterhooks

restive

tense

edible

[D.J.:ˈedibl]

[K.K.:ˈɛdəbəl]

adj.

可以吃的, 可食用的

edible *

edible
If something is edible , it is safe to eat and not poisonous.

- ...edible fungi.

ADJ
≠ inedible

edible

adjective

eatable

digestible

fit to eat

good

harmless

palatable

wholesome

edict

[D.J.:ˈi:ˌdɪkt]

[K.K.:ˈiˌdɪkt]

n.

法令;敕令;告示

edictal

adj.

法令的

edictal

[i:ˈdiktəl]

n.

布告的;法令的

edict *

edict edicts
An edict is a command or instruction given by someone in authority. (FORMAL)

- In 1741 Catherine the Great issued an edict of toleration for Buddhism.

- He issued an edict that none of his writings be destroyed.

N-COUNT: oft N that, N against n
= order

edict

noun

decree

act

command

injunction

law

order

proclamation

ruling

edification

[D.J.:ˌedəfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛdəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

教导;启发;熏陶

edify

[D.J.:ˈedəˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɛdəˌfaɪ]

vt.

开导,启发

edification

n.

edification

edification
If something is done for your edification , it is done to benefit you in some way, for example by teaching you about something. (FORMAL)

- No further information was provided for the edification of policy makers on the implications of this omission.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

edifice

[D.J.:ˈedəfɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɛdəfɪs]

n.

大建筑物

edifice *

1. edifice edifices
An edifice is a large and impressive building. (FORMAL)

- The taxi-driver reeled off a list of historic edifices they must not fail to visit.

N-COUNT

2. edifice edifices
You can describe a system of beliefs or a traditional institution as an edifice . (FORMAL)

- ...an edifice of British constitutional tradition.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

edifice

noun

building

construction

erection

house

structure

edifying

[ˈedifaiiŋ]

adj.

有教训意味的,教训性的,有益的

edifying

1. edifying
If you describe something as edifying , you mean that it benefits you in some way, for example by teaching you about something. (FORMAL)

- In the 18th century art was seen, along with music and poetry, as something edifying.

ADJ-GRADED
= instructive

2. edifying
You say that something is not very edifying when you want to express your disapproval or dislike of it, or to suggest that there is something unpleasant or unacceptable about it.

- It all brought back memories of a not very edifying past.

ADJ-GRADED: with brd-neg disapproval

edit

[D.J.:ˈedit]

[K.K.:ˈɛdɪt]

vt. & vi.

编辑

vt.

剪辑(电影、录音磁带、无线电或电视节目、书等)

editing

[ˈeditiŋ]

adj.

编辑的

edit ***

1. edit edits editing edited
If you edit a text such as an article or a book, you correct and adapt it so that it is suitable for publishing.

- The majority of contracts give the publisher the right to edit a book after it's done.

- ...an edited version of the speech.

VB

2. editing

- Throughout the editing of this book, we have had much support and encouragement.

N-UNCOUNT

3. edit edits editing edited
If you edit a book or a series of books, you collect several pieces of writing by different authors and prepare them for publishing.

- This collection of essays is edited by Ellen Knight.

- She has edited the media studies quarterly, Screen.

- ...the Real Sandwich Book, edited by Miriam Polunin.

VB

4. editing

- He was certainly not cut out to combine the jobs of editing and writing as a journalist.

N-UNCOUNT

5. edit edits editing edited
If you edit a film or a television or radio programme, you choose some of what has been filmed or recorded and arrange it in a particular order.

- He taught me to edit and splice film.

- He is editing together excerpts of some of his films.

VB

6. editing

- He sat in on much of the filming and early editing.

N-UNCOUNT

7. edit edits editing edited
Someone who edits a newspaper, magazine, or journal is in charge of it.

- I used to edit the college paper in the old days.

VB

8. edit edits
An edit is the process of examining and correcting a text so that it is suitable for publishing.

- The purpose of the edit is fairly simple -- to chop out the boring bits from the original.

N-COUNT

edit

verb

revise

adapt

condense

correct

emend

polish

rewrite

edit out ***

edit out edits out; editing out; edited out
If you edit something out of a book or film, you remove it, often because it might be offensive to some people.

- His voice will be edited out of the final film.

- She edited that line out again.

PHR-V
= cut

edition

[D.J.:iˈdiʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˈdɪʃən]

n.

版次, 版本

edition ****

1. edition editions
An edition is a particular version of a book, magazine, or newspaper that is printed at one time.

- A paperback edition is now available at bookshops.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= version

2. edition editions
An edition is the total number of copies of a particular book or newspaper that are printed at one time.

- The second edition was published only in America.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

3. edition editions
An edition is a single television or radio programme that is one of a series about a particular subject.

- They appeared on an edition of BBC2's Arena.

N-COUNT: with supp
= episode

edition

noun

version

copy

impression

issue

number

printing

programme TV Radio

volume

editor

[D.J.:ˈeditə]

[K.K.:ˈɛdɪtɚ]

n.

编辑, 编者, 校订者

editor ****

1. editor editors
An editor is the person who is in charge of a newspaper or magazine and who decides what will be published in each edition of it.
N-COUNT

2. editor editors
An editor is a journalist who is responsible for a particular section of a newspaper or magazine.

- Cookery Editor Moyra Fraser takes you behind the scenes.

- ...by Alan Travis, Home Affairs Editor.

N-COUNT: supp N

3. editor editors
An editor is a person who checks and corrects texts before they are published.

- Your role as editor is important, for you can look at a piece of writing objectively.

N-COUNT

4. editor editors
An editor is a radio or television journalist who reports on a particular type of news.

- As our economics editor, Dominic Harrod, reports, trade and investment are important issues on the agenda.

N-COUNT: supp N

5. editor editors
An editor is a person who prepares a film, or a radio or television programme, by selecting some of what has been filmed or recorded and putting it in a particular order.

- A few years earlier, she had worked at 20th Century Fox as a film editor.

N-COUNT

6. editor editors
An editor is a person who collects pieces of writing by different authors and prepares them for publication in a book or a series of books.

- Michael Rosen is the editor of the anthology.

N-COUNT

7. editor editors
An editor is a computer program that enables you to change and correct stored data.
N-COUNT

editorial

[D.J.:ˌediˈtɔ:riəl]

[K.K.:ˌɛdɪˈtɔriəl, -ˈtor-]

adj.

编辑的, 主笔的

editorially

[ˌediˈtɔ:riəli]

adv.

以编辑身份地

editorial ***

1. editorial
Editorial means involved in preparing a newspaper, magazine, or book for publication.

- He has been on the editorial staff of `Private Eye' since 1963.

- I went to the editorial board meetings when I had the time.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. editorially

- Rosie Boycott was not involved editorially with Virago.

ADV

3. editorial
Editorial means involving the attitudes, opinions, and contents of something such as a newspaper, magazine, or television programme.

- We are not about to change our editorial policy.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. editorially

- Editorially, they never really became a unique distinct product.

ADV: usu ADV after v, ADV with cl

5. editorial editorials
An editorial is an article in a newspaper which gives the opinion of the editor or owner on a topic or item of news.

- In an editorial, The Independent suggests the victory could turn nasty.

N-COUNT

6. editorial editorials
An editorial on television or radio is an item which gives the opinion of the network or radio station. (AM)
N-COUNT
= commentary

editorialize

[D.J.:ediˈtɔ:riəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˌɛdɪˈtɔriəˌlaɪz, -ˈtor-]

v.

发表社论,插入编者意见

editorialize

editorialize editorializes editorializing editorialized
If someone editorializes , they express their opinion about something rather than just stating facts; mainly used in contexts where you are talking about journalists and newspapers.

- Other papers have editorialized, criticizing the Czech government for rushing to judgment on this individual.

VB (BRIT) also editorialise

editorship

[D.J.:ˈeditəʃip]

[K.K.:ˈɛdɪtɚˌʃɪp]

n.

编辑的地位职位

editorship

editorship editorships
The editorship of a newspaper or magazine is the position of its editor, or his or her work as its editor.

- Under his editorship, the Economist has introduced regular sports coverage.

N-VAR: oft poss N, N of n

educate

[D.J.:ˈedju:keit]

[K.K.:ˈɛdʒəˌket]

vt. & vi.

教育

训练, 培养

educated

[D.J.:ˈedʒəˌkeɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈɛdʒəˌketɪd]

adj.

有教育的,受(某种形式的)教育的;受过良好训练的,熟练的

an educated guess

有把握的猜测；基于事实(或可靠消息)作出的估计

educate **

1. educate educates educating educated
When someone, especially a child, is educated , he or she is taught at a school or college.

- He was educated at Haslingden Grammar School.

VB: usu passive

2. educate educates educating educated
To educate people means to teach them better ways of doing something or a better way of living.

- Drinkwise Day is mainly designed to educate people about the destructive effects of alcohol abuse.

VB
= inform

educated **

educated
Someone who is educated has a high standard of learning.

- The general secretary of the TUC is an educated, amiable and decent man.

ADJ-GRADED
= learned

educate

verb

teach

civilize

develop

discipline

enlighten

improve

inform

instruct

school

train

tutor

educated

adjective

1.

taught

coached

informed

instructed

nurtured

schooled

tutored

2.

cultured

civilized

cultivated

enlightened

knowledgeable

learned

refined

sophisticated

-educated

1. -educated
-educated combines with nouns and adjectives to form adjectives indicating where someone was educated.

- ...the Oxford-educated son of a Liverpool merchant.

- ...an American-educated lawyer.

COMB in ADJ

2. -educated
-educated combines with adverbs to form adjectives indicating how much education someone has had and how good it was.

- Many of the immigrants are well-educated.

- ...impoverished, undernourished, and ill-educated workers.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

educated guess

educated guess educated guesses
An educated guess is a guess which is based on a certain amount of knowledge and is therefore likely to be correct.

- Estimating the right cooking time will always be an educated guess.

N-COUNT

education

[D.J.:ˌedju:ˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛdʒəˈkeʃən]

n.

教育; 培养, 训练

education ****

1. education educations
Education involves teaching people various subjects, usually at a school or college, or being taught.

- They're cutting funds for education.

- Paul prolonged his education with six years of advanced study in English.

- ...a man with little education.

N-VAR

2. education
Education of a particular kind involves teaching the public about a particular issue.

- ...better health education.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

education

noun

teaching

development

discipline

enlightenment

instruction

nurture

schooling

training

tuition

educational

[D.J.:ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃənəl]

[K.K.:ˌɛdʒəˈkeʃənəl]

adj.

教育(方面)的,为教育的;有教育意义的;提供咨询的

educationally

adv.

用教育方法

educationalist

n.

教育学家

educational park

教育园

educational television

教育电视

educationalist

[D.J.:ˌedju(:)ˈkeiʃənəlist]

[K.K.:ˌɛdʒəˈkeʃənəlɪst]

n.

教育家,教育学者

educationally

adv.

教育地有关教育地,教育上地

educational ***

1. educational
Educational matters or institutions are concerned with or relate to education.

- ...the British educational system.

- ...pupils with special educational needs.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. educationally

- By far the largest category of pupils requiring special education are the educationally sub-normal.

ADV

3. educational
An educational experience teaches you something.

- The staff should make sure the kids have an enjoyable and educational day.

ADJ-GRADED
= instructive

educational

adjective

instructive

cultural

edifying

educative

enlightening

improving

informative

educationalist

educationalist educationalists
An educationalist is someone who is specialized in the theories and methods of education. (BRIT; in AM use educator )

- British educationalists are divided about how best to teach reading.

N-COUNT

educational psychology

1. educational psychology
Educational psychology is the area of psychology that is concerned with the study and assessment of teaching methods, and with helping individual pupils who have educational problems.
N-UNCOUNT

2. educational psychologist educational psychologists

- ...an assessment made by an independent educational psychologist was essential.

N-COUNT

educationist

[D.J.:ˌedju(:)ˈkeiʃənist]

[K.K.:ˌɛdʒəˈkeʃənɪst]

n.

教育家,教育理论家

educationist

educationist educationists
An educationist is the same as an educationalist . (BRIT)
N-COUNT

educative

[D.J.:ˈedju(:)kətiv]

[K.K.:ˈɛdʒəˌketɪv]

adj.

教育的,教育性的,教育上的

educative

educative
Something that has an educative role teaches you something. (FORMAL)

- ...the educative value of allowing broadcasters into their courts.

ADJ-GRADED
= instructive

educator

[D.J.:ˈedʒəˌkeɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈɛdʒəˌketɚ]

n.

(尤指作为一种职业的)教育工作者,教员,教师

educator *

1. educator educators
An educator is a person who educates people. (AM; ALSO BRIT, FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= teacher

2. educator educators
An educator is someone who is specialized in the theories and methods of education. (mainly AM; in BRIT use educationalist )
N-COUNT

edutainment

[D.J.:ˌedjuˈteinmənt]

[K.K.:ˌɛdʒuˈtenmənt, ˌɛdʒə-]

n.

教育性娱乐

edutainment

edutainment
People use edutainment to refer to things such as computer games which are designed to be entertaining and educational at the same time.

- ...the increased demand for edutainment software.

N-UNCOUNT

Edwardian

[D.J.:edˈwɔ:djən]

[K.K.:ɛdˈwɔrdiən, -ˈwɑr-]

adj.,n.

爱德华七世时代的(人)

Edwardian *

Edwardian
Edwardian means belonging to, connected with, or typical of Britain in the first decade of the 20th century, when Edward VII was King.

- ...the Edwardian era.

- ...his old Edwardian office.

- ...a baggy Edwardian suit.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

eel

[D.J.:i:l]

[K.K.:il]

n.

鳝;鳗

(as) slippery as an eel

像鳗鱼一样狡猾；滑得像泥鳅

eel **

1. eel eels
An eel is a long, thin fish that looks like a snake.
N-VAR

2. eel
Eel is the flesh of this fish which is eaten as food.

- ...smoked eel.

N-UNCOUNT

eerie

[D.J.:ˈɪəri:]

[K.K.:ˈɪri]

adj.

(因阴森怪诞而)引起恐惧的;可怕的

eerie *

1. eerie eerier eeriest
If you describe something as eerie , you mean that it seems strange and frightening, and makes you feel nervous.

- I walked down the eerie dark path.

- ...an eerie calm.

ADJ-GRADED

2. eerily

- Monrovia after the fighting is eerily quiet.

ADV-GRADED

eerie

adjective

frightening

creepy informal

ghostly

mysterious

scary informal

spooky informal

strange

uncanny

unearthly

weird

efface

[D.J.:ɪˈfeɪs]

[K.K.:ɪˈfes]

vt.

擦掉,抹去

超越,使黯然失色

effacement

n.

effacement

n.

抹消,抹杀

efface

efface effaces effacing effaced
To efface something means to destroy or remove it so that it cannot be seen any more. (FORMAL)

- ...an event that has helped efface the country's traditional image...

- The name of the ship had been effaced from the menus.

VB
See also self-effacing .

efface

verb

obliterate

blot out

cancel

delete

destroy

eradicate

erase

rub out

wipe out

effect

[D.J.:iˈfekt]

[K.K.:ɪˈfɛkt]

n.

结果, 效果, 影响

感受, 印象

个人财产, 财物

vt.

实现, 使生效, 引起

effects

[D.J.:ɪˈfekts]

[K.K.:ɪˈf ɛkts]

n.

动产;财物;家财

effect *****

1. effect effects
The effect of one thing on another is the change that the first thing causes in the second thing.

- Parents worry about the effect of music on their adolescent's behavior.

- The austerity measures will have little immediate adverse effect on the average Moroccan.

- Even minor head injuries can cause long-lasting psychological effects.

N-VAR: oft N of/on n, N of -ing, adj N

2. effect effects
An effect is an impression that someone creates deliberately, for example in a place or in a piece of writing.

- The whole effect is cool, light and airy.

N-COUNT
= impression

3. effect effects
A person's effects are the things that they have with them at a particular time, for example when they are arrested or admitted to hospital, or the things that they owned when they died. (FORMAL)

- His daughters were collecting his effects.

N-PLURAL: with poss
= belongings

4. effect effects
The effects in a film are the specially created sounds and scenery.
N-PLURAL

5. effect effects effecting effected
If you effect something that you are trying to achieve, you succeed in causing it to happen. (FORMAL)

- Prospects for effecting real political change seemed to have taken a major step backwards.

VB

6. effect
If you say that someone is doing something for effect , you mean that they are doing it in order to impress people and to draw attention to themselves.

- Jock paused for effect, his eyes glinting over his glass as he took another drink.

- The Cockney accent was put on for effect.

PHR: PHR after v

7. effect
You add in effect to a statement or opinion that is not precisely accurate, but which you feel is a reasonable description or summary of a particular situation.

- That deal would create, in effect, the world's biggest airline.

PHR: PHR with cl vagueness
= effectively

8. effect
If you put , bring , or carry a plan or idea into effect , you cause it to happen in practice.

- These and other such measures ought to have been put into effect in 1985.

- ...a decree bringing into effect the political reforms adopted last month.

PHR: V inflects
= implement

9. effect
If a law or policy takes effect or comes into effect at a particular time, it officially begins to apply or be valid from that time. If it remains in effect , it still applies or is still valid.

- ...the ban on new logging permits which will take effect from July...

- The decision was taken yesterday and will remain in effect until further government instructions.

PHR: V inflects

10. effect
You can say that something takes effect when it starts to produce the results that are intended.

- The second injection should only have been given once the first drug had taken effect.

- International sanctions were beginning to take effect.

PHR: V inflects
= work

11. effect
You use effect in expressions such as to good effect and to no effect in order to indicate how successful or impressive an action is.

- Mr Morris feels the museum is using advertising to good effect.

- Mr Charles complained, to no effect.

PHR: PHR after v

12. effect
You use to this effect , to that effect , or to the effect that to indicate that you have given or are giving a summary of something that was said or written, and not the actual words used.

- I understand that a circular to this effect will be issued in the next few weeks.

- Legislation to that effect created fierce controversy both in Parliament and outside.

- He cited a Chinese proverb to the effect that you should never wish ill on your neighbour.

PHR: n PHR

13. effect
If you say that something will happen with immediate effect or with effect from a particular time, you mean that it will begin to apply or be valid immediately or from the stated time. (BRIT, mainly FORMAL)

- We are now resuming relations with Syria with immediate effect.

- The price of the Saturday edition is going up with effect from 3 November.

PHR: PHR after v

effect

noun

1.

result

conclusion

consequence

end result

event

outcome

upshot

2.

operation

action

enforcement

execution

force

implementation

3.

impression

essence

impact

sense

significance

tenor

verb

4.

bring about

accomplish

achieve

complete

execute

fulfil

perform

produce

effects

plural noun

belongings

gear

goods

paraphernalia

possessions

property

things

effective

[D.J.:iˈfektiv]

[K.K.:ɪˈfɛktɪv]

adj.

有效的; 生效的

事实上的, 实际的

给人印象深刻的

effectively

[D.J.:ɪˈfektɪvli:]

[K.K.:ɪˈfɛktɪvli]

adv.

有效地

实际上,事实上

effectiveness

[D.J.:əˈfektɪvnɪs]

[K.K.:əˈf ɛktɪvnɪs]

n.

有效;有力

effective ****

1. effective
Something that is effective works well and produces the results that were intended.

- The project looks at how we could be more effective in encouraging students to enter teacher training.

- Simple antibiotics are effective against this organism.

- Such conditions would make an effective public transport system possible.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ in -ing, ADJ against n

2. effectively

- ...the team roles which you believe to be necessary for the team to function effectively...

- Services need to be more effectively organised than they are at present.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v, also ADV -ed

3. effectiveness

- ...the effectiveness of computers as an educational tool.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

4. effective
Effective means having a particular role or result in practice, though not officially or in theory.

- They have had effective control of the area since the security forces left.

- ...a restructuring that would have resulted in an effective increase on one of their most popular excursion fares.

ADJ: ADJ n
= actual

5. effective
When something such as a law or an agreement becomes effective , it begins officially to apply or be valid.

- The new rules will become effective in the next few days.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

effectively **

effectively
You use effectively with a statement or opinion to indicate that it is not accurate in every detail, but that you feel it is a reasonable description or summary of a particular situation.

- This effectively means that the government does not agree with the proposals.

- The region was effectively independent.

ADV: usu ADV before v, also ADV adj
= in effect

effective

adjective

1.

efficient

active

adequate

capable

competent

productive

serviceable

useful

2.

in operation

active

current

in effect

in force

operative

3.

powerful

cogent

compelling

convincing

forceful

impressive

persuasive

telling

effectual

[D.J.:iˈfektjuəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈfɛktʃuəl]

adj.

奏效的, 收效的

effectual

effectual
If an action or plan is effectual , it succeeds in producing the results that were intended. (FORMAL)

- This is the only effectual way to secure our present and future happiness.

ADJ-GRADED
= effective ≠ ineffectual

effeminacy

[D.J.:iˈfeminəsi]

[K.K.:ɪˈfɛmənəsi]

n.

柔弱,女人气,娇气

effeminate

[D.J.:ɪˈfemənɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˈfɛmənɪt]

adj.

(指男人)柔弱的,女人气的

effeminacy

n.

effeminate

effeminate
If you describe a man or boy as effeminate , you think he behaves, looks, or sounds like a woman or girl.

- ...a skinny, effeminate guy in lipstick and earrings...

- His voice was curiously high-pitched, reedy, almost effeminate.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ manly

effeminate

adjective

womanly

camp informal

feminine

sissy

soft

tender

unmanly

weak

womanish

effervesce

[D.J.:ˌefəˈves]

[K.K.:ˌɛfɚˈvɛs]

vi.

冒气泡,起泡沫

effervescence

n.

effervescent

adj.

effervescence

n.

冒泡,泡腾,活泼

effervescent

[ˌefəˈvesnt]

adj.

冒泡的,兴奋的

effervescent

1. effervescent
An effervescent liquid is one that contains or releases bubbles of gas.

- ...an effervescent mineral water.

ADJ

2. effervescent
If you describe someone as effervescent , you mean that they are lively, entertaining, enthusiastic, and exciting.

- ...an effervescent blonde actress...

- America is the most intellectually, artistically and politically effervescent of nations.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= bubbly vivacious

3. effervescence

- ...writing about Gillespie's effervescence, magnetism and commitment.

N-UNCOUNT

effervescent

adjective

1.

bubbling

carbonated

fizzy

foaming

frothy

sparkling

2.

lively

animated

bubbly

ebullient

enthusiastic

exuberant

irrepressible

vivacious

effete

[D.J.:ɪˈfi:t]

[K.K.:ɪˈfit]

adj.

虚弱无力的;衰落的

柔弱的,女人气的

effete

effete
If you describe someone as effete , you are criticizing them for being weak and powerless. (FORMAL)

- ...the charming but effete Russian gentry of the 1840s and 1850s.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

effete

adjective

decadent

dissipated

enfeebled

feeble

ineffectual

spoiled

weak

efficacious

[D.J.:ˌefɪˈkeɪʃəs]

[K.K.:ˌɛfɪˈkeʃəs]

adj.

(药、措施等)有效的

efficacious

efficacious
Something that is efficacious is effective. (FORMAL)

- The nasal spray was new on the market and highly efficacious.

ADJ-GRADED
= effective

efficacious

adjective

effective

adequate

efficient

operative

potent

powerful

productive

successful

useful

efficacy

[D.J.:ˈefɪkəsi:]

[K.K.:ˈɛfɪkəsi]

n.

效力,效能

efficacy *

efficacy
If you talk about the efficacy of something, you are talking about its effectiveness and its ability to do what it is supposed to. (FORMAL)

- Recent medical studies confirm the efficacy of a healthier lifestyle.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

efficiency

[D.J.:iˈfiʃənsi]

[K.K.:ɪˈfɪʃənsi]

n.

效率, 效能

efficiency **

1. efficiency
Efficiency is the quality of being able to do a task successfully, without wasting time or energy.

- There are many ways to increase agricultural efficiency in the poorer areas of the world.

- ...energy efficiency.

N-UNCOUNT

2. efficiency
In physics and engineering, efficiency is the difference between the amount of energy a machine needs to make it work, and the amount it produces. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT; also N in pl

efficiency

noun

competence

adeptness

capability

economy

effectiveness

power

productivity

proficiency

efficient

[D.J.:iˈfiʃənt]

[K.K.:ɪˈfɪʃənt]

adj.

有能力的, 效率高的

efficiently

[D.J.:ɪˈfɪʃəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪˈfɪʃəntlɪ]

adv.

效率高地

有效地

efficient ***

1. efficient
If something or someone is efficient , they are able to do tasks successfully, without wasting time or energy.

- With today's more efficient contraception women can plan their families and careers.

ADJ-GRADED

2. efficiently

- I work very efficiently and am decisive, and accurate in my judgement.

ADV-GRADED

efficient

adjective

competent

businesslike

capable

economic

effective

organized

productive

proficient

well-organized

workmanlike

effigy

[D.J.:ˈefədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˈɛfədʒi]

n.

(人的)雕像,模拟像,肖像

effigy

1. effigy effigies
An effigy is a quickly and roughly made figure, often ugly or amusing, that represents someone you hate or feel contempt for.
N-COUNT

2. effigy effigies
An effigy is a statue or carving of a famous person. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

effigy

noun

likeness

dummy

figure

guy

icon

idol

image

picture

portrait

representation

statue

effing

effing
Some people use effing to emphasize a word or phrase, especially when they are feeling angry or annoyed. (BRIT, RUDE)
ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

effluent

[D.J.:ˈeflu:ənt]

[K.K.:ˈɛfluənt]

adj.

发出的,流出的

n.

(注入河里等的)污水,工业废水

(从湖等)流出的水流

effluent

effluent effluents
Effluent is liquid waste material that comes out of factories or sewage works. (FORMAL)

- The effluent from the factory was dumped into the river.

- All industrial chemical plants produce waste effluents.

N-MASS
= waste

effluent

noun

waste

effluvium

pollutant

sewage

effort

[D.J.:ˈefət]

[K.K.:ˈɛfət]

n.

努力, 尽力

努力的结果, 成就

effort *****

1. effort efforts
If you make an effort to do something, you try very hard to do it.

- He made no effort to hide his disappointment.

- Finding a cure requires considerable time and effort.

- His efforts to reform and revitalise Italian research have won wide praise.

- Despite the efforts of the United Nations, the problem of drug abuse and drug traffic continues to grow.

- But a concerted effort has begun to improve the quality of the urban air.

N-VAR: oft N to-inf

2. effort
If you say that someone did something with effort or with an effort , you mean it was difficult for them to do. (WRITTEN)

- She took a deep breath and sat up slowly and with great effort.

- With an effort she contained her irritation.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with N, also a N
= difficulty ≠ ease

3. effort efforts
An effort is a particular series of activities that is organized by a group of people in order to achieve something.

- ...a famine relief effort in Angola.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

4. effort
If you say that something is an effort , you mean that an unusual amount of physical or mental energy is needed to do it.

- Even carrying the camcorder while hiking in the forest was an effort.

N-SING: a N
= strain struggle

5. effort
If you make the effort to do something, you do it, even though you need extra energy to do it or you do not really want to.

- I don't get lonely now because I make the effort to see people.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR to-inf

6. effort
If you do something difficult or painful by an effort of will , you manage to make yourself do it.

- It was only by a supreme effort of will and courage that he was able to pull himself together.

PHR

7. effort
If you say that something is worth the effort , you mean that it will justify the energy that you have spent or will spend on it.

- Fortunately, the chore of leaf sweeping is well worth the effort.

PHR: v-link PHR

effort

noun

1.

exertion

application

elbow grease facetious

endeavour

energy

pains

struggle

toil

trouble

work

2.

attempt

endeavour

essay

go informal

shot informal

stab informal

try

effortless

[D.J.:ˈefətlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɛfətlɪs]

adj.

不费力的;轻松的

effortlessly

adv.

不作努力地;不费力地

effortlessly

[D.J.:ˈefətlɪslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈ ɛfɚtlɪslɪ]

adv.

轻松地,毫不费劲地

effortless *

1. effortless
Something that is effortless is done easily and well.

- In a single effortless motion, he scooped Frannie into his arms.

- ...effortless and elegant Italian cooking.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= easy

2. effortlessly

- Her son Peter adapted effortlessly to his new surroundings.

ADV-GRADED

3. effortless
You use effortless to describe a quality that someone has naturally and does not have to learn.

- She liked him above all for his effortless charm.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

effortless

adjective

easy

painless

plain sailing

simple

smooth

uncomplicated

undemanding

effrontery

[D.J.:ɪˈfrʌntəri:]

[K.K.:ɪˈfrʌntəri]

n.

厚颜无耻,无礼(的行为)

effrontery

effrontery
Effrontery is behaviour that is bold, rude, or disrespectful. (FORMAL)

- One could only gasp at the sheer effrontery of the man.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

effrontery

noun

insolence

arrogance

audacity

brazenness

cheek informal

impertinence

impudence

nerve

presumption

temerity

effusion

[D.J.:ɪˈfju:ʒən]

[K.K.:ɪˈfjuʒən]

n.

流出,喷出

effusion

effusion effusions
If someone expresses their emotions or ideas with effusion , they express them with more enthusiasm and for longer than is usual or expected.

- His employer greeted him with an effusion of relief.

- I did not embarrass her with my effusions.

N-VAR

effusive

[D.J.:ɪˈfju:sɪv]

[K.K.:ɪˈfjusɪv]

adj.

流露感情的,溢于言表的

流出的,喷出的

effusively

adv.

effusiveness

n.

effusively

adv.

变溢地,热情洋溢地

effusiveness

n.

吐露,唠叨

effusive

1. effusive
If you describe someone as effusive , you mean that they express pleasure, gratitude, or approval in a very enthusiastic way.

- He was effusive in his praise for the general.

- She was very gushing and very effusive.

ADJ-GRADED
= unreserved

2. effusively

- She greeted them effusively.

ADV-GRADED

effusive

adjective

demonstrative

ebullient

expansive

exuberant

gushing

lavish

unreserved

unrestrained

EFL

abbr.

English as a foreign language 作为外国语的英语

EFL

abbr.

English as a foreign language 作为外国语的英语

EFL

EFL
EFL is the teaching of English to people whose first language is not English. EFL is an abbreviation for `English as a Foreign Language'.

- ...an EFL teacher.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

e.g.

abbr.

for example 例如

e.g. **

e.g.
e.g. is an abbreviation that means for example . It is used before a noun, or to introduce another sentence.

- We need helpers of all types, engineers, scientists (e.g. geologists) and teachers.

- Or consider how you can acquire these skills, e.g. by taking extra courses.

= for instance

egalitarian

[D.J.:ɪˌgælɪˈteəri:ən]

[K.K.:ɪˌɡælɪˈtɛriən]

adj.

主张平等的,平等主义的

egalitarianism

n.

平等主义

egalitarianism

[D.J.:ɪˌ gælɪˈterɪənɪzəm]

[K.K.:ɪˌɡælɪˈt ɛrɪənɪzəm]

n.

平等主义(equalitarianism)

egalitarian *

egalitarian
Egalitarian means supporting or following the idea that all people are equal and should have the same rights and opportunities.

- I still believe in the notion of an egalitarian society.

ADJ-GRADED

egalitarianism

egalitarianism
Egalitarianism is used to refer to the belief that all people are equal and should have the same rights and opportunities, and to actions that are based on this belief.
N-UNCOUNT

egg

[D.J.:eɡ]

[K.K.:ɛɡ]

n.

卵, 蛋

蛋, 鸡蛋

egg ****

1. egg eggs
An egg is an oval object that is produced by a female bird and which contains a baby bird. Other animals such as reptiles and fish also lay eggs.

- ...a baby bird hatching from its egg.

- ...ant eggs.

N-COUNT

2. egg eggs
In Western countries, eggs often means hen's eggs, eaten as food.

- Break the eggs into a shallow bowl and beat them lightly.

- ...bacon and eggs.

N-VAR

3. egg eggs
Egg is used to refer to an object in the shape of a hen's egg.

- ...a chocolate egg.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

4. egg eggs
An egg is a cell that is produced in the bodies of female animals and humans. If it is fertilized by a sperm, a baby develops from it.

- It only takes one sperm to fertilize an egg.

N-COUNT

5. egg
If someone puts all their eggs in one basket , they put all their effort or resources into doing one thing so that, if it fails, they have no alternatives left.

- The key word here is diversify; don't put all your eggs in one basket.

PHR: usu v PHR

6. egg
If someone has egg on their face or has egg all over their face , they have been made to look foolish.

- If they take this game lightly they could end up with egg on their faces.

PHR: face inflects, have/with PHR

egg on ****

egg on eggs on; egging on; egged on
If you egg a person on , you encourage them to do something, especially something dangerous or foolish.

- He was lifting up handfuls of leaves and throwing them at her. She was laughing and egging him on.

- They egged each other on to argue and to fight.

PHR-V

egg on

verb

encourage

exhort

goad

incite

prod

prompt

push

spur

urge

egg cup

egg cup egg cups
An egg cup is a small container in which you put a boiled egg while you eat it.
N-COUNT also eggcup .

egghead

[D.J.:ˈeɡhed]

[K.K.:ˈɛɡˌhɛd]

n.

有知识者,受过高等教育的人,理论家

egghead

egghead eggheads
If you think someone is more interested in ideas and theories than in practical actions you can say they are an egghead . (INFORMAL)

- The Government was dominated by self-important eggheads.

N-COUNT disapproval
= boffin

eggnog

[D.J.:ˈegˌnɔg]

[K.K.:ˈɛɡˌnɑɡ]

n.

(—杯)蛋奶酒

eggnog

eggnog
Eggnog is a drink made from egg, milk, sugar, spices, and alcohol such as rum or brandy.
N-UNCOUNT also egg nog .

eggplant

[D.J.:ˈegˌplænt]

[K.K.:ˈɛɡˌplænt]

n.

茄子

eggplant

eggplant eggplants
An eggplant is a vegetable with a smooth, dark purple skin. (AM; in BRIT use aubergine )
N-VAR

eggshell

[D.J.:ˈeɡʃel]

[K.K.:ˈɛɡˌʃɛl]

n.

蛋壳,易碎的东西

eggshell

1. eggshell eggshells
An eggshell is the hard covering on the outside of an egg.
N-VAR The spelling egg shell is also used

2. eggshell
Eggshell paint makes surfaces dull, not shiny, when it is painted on them.

- The walls had been painted an eggshell white.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

egg timer

egg timer egg timers
An egg timer is a device that measures the time needed to boil an egg.
N-COUNT also egg-timer .

egg whisk

egg whisk egg whisks
An egg whisk is a piece of kitchen equipment used for mixing the different parts of an egg together.
N-COUNT

ego

[D.J.:ˈeɡəu]

[K.K.:ˈiɡo, ˈɛɡo]

n.

自我; 自尊; 自负

ego **

ego egos
Someone's ego is their sense of their own worth. For example, if someone has a large ego , they think they are very important and valuable.

- He had a massive ego, never would he admit he was wrong.

N-VAR
See also alter ego , super-ego .

egocentric

[D.J.:ˌi:gəʊˈsentrɪk, ˌegəʊ-]

[K.K.:ˌiɡoˈsɛntrɪk, ˌɛɡo-]

adj.

自我中心的,自私自利的

egocentric

egocentric
Someone who is egocentric thinks only of themselves and their own wants, and does not consider other people.

- He was egocentric, a man of impulse who expected those around him to serve him.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= self-centred selfish

egocentric

adjective

self-centred

egoistic

egoistical

egotistic

egotistical

selfish

egoism

[D.J.:ˈi:gəʊˌɪzəm, ˈegəʊ-]

[K.K.:ˈiɡoˌɪzəm, ˈɛɡo-]

n.

自我主义,利己主义;自私自利

egoist

n.

egoistic

adj.

egoist

[D.J.:ˈi:ɡəuist]

[K.K.:ˈiɡoɪst, ˈɛɡo-]

n.

自我主义者

egoistic

[ˌi:ɡəuˈistik]

adj.

自我中心的,自私自利的

egoism

egoism
Egoism is the same as egotism .
N-UNCOUNT disapproval

egoist

egoist egoists
An egoist is the same as an egotist .
N-COUNT disapproval

egoistic

egoistic
Egoistic means the same as egotistic .
ADJ-GRADED disapproval

egomaniac

[ˌi:ɡəuˈmeinjæk]

n.

极端利己主义者,极端自我主义者,自大狂

egomaniac

egomaniac egomaniacs
An egomaniac is someone who thinks only of themselves and does not care if they harm other people in order to get what they want.

- Adam is clever enough, but he's also something of an egomaniac.

N-COUNT disapproval

egotism

[D.J.:ˈi:ɡətiz(ə)m]

[K.K.:ˈiɡəˌtɪzəm, ˈɛɡə-]

n.

自我中心,自尊自大

egotism

egotism
Egotism is the quality of being egotistic.
N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= selfishness

egotism egoism

noun

self-centredness

conceitedness

narcissism

self-absorption

self-esteem

self-importance

self-interest

selfishness

vanity

egotist

egotist egotists
An egotist is someone who is egotistic.
N-COUNT disapproval

egotist egoist

noun

egomaniac

bighead informal

boaster

braggart

narcissist

egotistic

[D.J.:ˌe gəʊˈtɪstɪk]

[K.K.:ˌɪɡəˈtɪstɪk]

adj.

自我本位的;自负的

egotistic

egotistic
Someone who is egotistic or egotistical behaves selfishly and thinks they are more important than other people.

- Susan and Deborah share an intensely selfish, egotistic streak.

ADJ-GRADED The form egotistical is also used disapproval
= self-centred

egotistic egoistical

adjective

self-centred

boasting

conceited

egocentric

full of oneself

narcissistic

self-absorbed

self-important

vain

ego trip

ego trip ego trips
If you say that someone is on an ego trip , you are criticizing them for doing something for their own satisfaction and enjoyment, often to show that they think they are more important than other people.
N-COUNT disapproval

egregious

[D.J.:ɪˈgri:dʒəs, -dʒi:əs]

[K.K.:ɪˈɡridʒəs, -dʒiəs]

adj.

极坏的;异乎寻常的

egregious

egregious
Egregious means very bad indeed. (FORMAL)

- ...the most egregious abuses of human rights.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= grievous

Egyptian

[D.J.:ɪˈdʒɪpʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˈdʒɪpʃən]

adj.

埃及的,埃及人的

n.

埃及人

古埃及语

Egyptian ***

1. Egyptian
Egyptian means belonging or relating to Egypt or to its people, language, or culture.
ADJ

2. Egyptian Egyptians
The Egyptians are the people who come from Egypt.
N-COUNT

3. Egyptian
Egyptian means related to or connected with ancient Egypt.

- ...the Egyptian pharaoh.

ADJ

4. Egyptian Egyptians
The Egyptians were the people who lived in ancient Egypt.
N-COUNT

eh

[D.J.:eɪ, e]

[K.K.:e, ɛ]

int.

(用以表示惊讶、疑问、征求同意或要求重说一遍)嗯, 啊

eh **

eh
Eh is used in writing to represent a noise that people make as a response in conversation, for example to express agreement or to ask for something to be explained or repeated.

- Let's talk all about it outside, eh?.

- `He's um ill in bed.' --- `Eh?' --- `He's ill in bed.'

CONVENTION

eiderdown

[D.J.:ˈaidədaun]

[K.K.:ˈaɪdɚˌdaʊn]

n.

鸭的绒毛,鸭绒被

eiderdown

eiderdown eiderdowns
An eiderdown is a bed covering, placed on top of sheets and blankets, that is filled with small soft feathers or warm material. (BRIT; in AM usually use comforter )
N-COUNT
= quilt

eight

[D.J.:eɪt]

[K.K.:et]

num.

八;八个

eightpence

n.

八便士

eightpenny

adj.

八便士的

eightscore

n. & adj.

一百六十

eightpence

[ˈeitpəns]

n.

八便士

eightpenny

[ˈeitpəni]

adj.

八便士的

eightscore

[ˈeitˈskɔ:]

n.

一百六十

eight *****

eight
Eight is the number 8.

- So far eight workers have been killed.

NUM

eighteen

[D.J.:eɪˈti:n]

[K.K.:eˈtin]

num.

十八

eighteen *****

eighteen
Eighteen is the number 18.

- He was employed by them for eighteen years.

NUM

eighteenth

[D.J.:ˈeiˈti:nθ]

[K.K.:eˈtinθ]

n.

第十八,十八分之一

num.

第十八

eighteenth ****

eighteenth
The eighteenth item in a series is the one that you count as number eighteen.

- The siege is now in its eighteenth day.

ORD

eighth

[D.J.:eɪtθ, eɪθ]

[K.K.:etθ, eθ]

num.

第八

be/have one over the eight

微醉

eighthly

adv.

第八

eighth note

<音>八分音符

eighthly

[ˈeitθli,ˈeiθli]

adv.

第八地,第八号地

eighth ****

1. eighth
The eighth item in a series is the one that you count as number eight.

- ...the eighth prime minister of India.

ORD

2. eighth
An eighth is one of eight equal parts of something.

- The Kuban produces an eighth of Russia's grain, meat and milk.

FRACTION

eighth note

eighth note eighth notes
An eighth note is a musical note that has a time value equal to half a quarter note. (AM; in BRIT use quaver )
N-COUNT

eightieth

[D.J.:ˈeitiiθ]

[K.K.:ˈetiɪθ]

num.

第八十

eightieth ****

eightieth
The eightieth item in a series is the one that you count as number eighty.

- Mr Stevens recently celebrated his eightieth birthday.

ORD

eighty

[D.J.:ˈeɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈeti]

num.

八十

eighty *****

1. eighty
Eighty is the number 80.

- Eighty horses trotted up.

NUM

2. eighty eighties
When you talk about the eighties , you are referring to numbers between 80 and 89. For example, if you are in your eighties , you are aged between 80 and 89. If the temperature is in the eighties , the temperature is between 80 and 89 degrees.

- He was in his late eighties and had become the country's most respected elder statesman.

N-PLURAL

3. eighty eighties
The eighties is the decade between 1980 and 1989.

- He ran a property development business in the eighties.

N-PLURAL: the N

eisteddfod

[aisˈtedvɔd]

n.

诗人,音乐家,大会

eisteddfod

eisteddfod eisteddfods
An eisteddfod is a Welsh festival at which competitions are held in music, poetry, drama, and art.
N-COUNT

either

[D.J.:ˈaiðə]

[K.K.:ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ]

pron.

(两者之中)任何一个

adj.

(两者中)任一的

adv.

(否定句中)也

adj.

非此即彼的, 两者择一的

either *****

1. either
You use either in front of the first of two or more alternatives, when you are stating the only possibilities or choices that there are. The other alternatives are introduced by `or'.

- They gave money to the Conservative Party either personally or through their companies.

- Sightseeing is best done either by tour bus or by bicycles.

- The former President was demanding that he should be either put on trial or set free.

- Either she goes or I go.

CONJ-COORD

2. either
You use either in a negative statement in front of the first of two alternatives to indicate that the negative statement refers to both the alternatives.

- ...music that fails to be either funny or funky...

- There had been no indication of either breathlessness or any loss of mental faculties right until his death.

CONJ-COORD

3. either
You can use either to refer to one of two things, people, or situations, when you want to say that they are both possible and it does not matter which one is chosen or considered.

- There were glasses of iced champagne and cigars. Unfortunately not many of either were consumed.

- If either were killed, delicate negotiations would be seriously disrupted.

PRON

4. either
Also a quantifier.

- They are able to talk openly to one another whenever either of them feels hurt.

- Do either of you smoke or drink heavily?

QUANT: QUANT of def-pl-n

5. either
Also a determiner.

- ...a special Indian drug police that would have the authority to pursue suspects into either country.

DET: DET sing-n

6. either
You use either in a negative statement to refer to each of two things, people, or situations to indicate that the negative statement includes both of them.

- She warned me that I'd never marry or have children. --- `I don't want either.'

PRON: with brd-neg

7. either
Also a quantifier.

- There are no simple answers to either of those questions.

QUANT

8. either
Also a determiner.

- He sometimes couldn't remember either man's name.

DET

9. either
You use either by itself in negative statements to indicate that there is a similarity or connection with a person or thing that you have just mentioned.

- He did not even say anything to her, and she did not speak to him either.

- `I'm afraid I've never been there.' --- `Well, of course, I haven't myself either.'

ADV: ADV after v, with brd-neg

10. either
When one negative statement follows another, you can use either at the end of the second one to indicate that you are adding an extra piece of information, and to emphasize that both are equally important.

- Don't agree, but don't argue either.

- I can't manage that by myself and I don't see why it should be expected of me either.

ADV: ADV after v

11. either
You can use either to introduce a noun that refers to each of two things when you are talking about both of them.

- The basketball nets hung down from the ceiling at either end of the gymnasium.

- I suddenly realized that I didn't have a single intelligent thing to say about either team.

DET: DET sing-n

ejaculate

[D.J.:ɪˈdʒækjəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˈdʒækjəˌlet]

vt.

突然说出

射出(液体)

ejaculation

n.

射出

突然的喊出

ejaculator

n.

射出者;射出器;突然喊叫者

ejaculation

[D.J.:ɪˌdʒækjəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˌdʒækjəˈleʃən]

n.

突然的叫出声

射出

ejaculator

[iˈdʒækjuleitə]

n.

突然叫喊的人,射出肌

ejaculate *

1. ejaculate ejaculates ejaculating ejaculated
When a man ejaculates , sperm comes out through his penis.

- ... a tendency to ejaculate quickly.

VB

2. ejaculation ejaculations

- Each male ejaculation will contain up to 300 million sperm.

N-VAR

3. ejaculate ejaculates ejaculating ejaculated
If you ejaculate , you suddenly say or shout something, for example because you are very surprised. (OLD-FASHIONED, LITERARY)

- `What?' Catherine ejaculated.

VB
= exclaim

eject

[iˈdʒekt]

vt. & vi.

弹出, 喷出, 排出

vt.

逐出

ejected

射出的

ejecting

喷射

ejection

[D.J.:iˈdʒekʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˈdʒɛkʃən]

n.

喷出,排出物

eject *

1. eject ejects ejecting ejected
If you eject someone from a place, you force them to leave.

- Officials used guard dogs to eject the protesters.

- He was ejected from a restaurant.

VB

2. ejection ejections

- ...the ejection and manhandling of hecklers at the meeting.

N-VAR
= expulsion

3. eject ejects ejecting ejected
To eject something means to remove it or push it out forcefully.

- He aimed his rifle, fired a single shot, then ejected the spent cartridge.

VB
= expel

4. eject ejects ejecting ejected
When a pilot ejects from an aircraft, he or she leaves the aircraft quickly using an ejector seat, usually because the plane is about to crash.

- The pilot ejected from the plane and escaped injury.

VB
= bail out

eject

verb

throw out

banish

drive out

evict

expel

oust

remove

turn out

ejection

noun

expulsion

banishment

deportation

eviction

exile

removal

ejector seat

ejector seat ejector seats
An ejector seat is a special seat which can throw the pilot out of a fast military aircraft in an emergency.
N-COUNT

eke

[D.J.:i:k]

[K.K.:ik]

vt.

eke out

(靠节省用量)使…的供应持久;节约使用

eke a living

竭力维持生计;勉强度日

eke

eke
If you eke a living or eke out an existence , you manage to survive with very little money.

- That forced peasant farmers to try to eke a living off steep hillsides .

- He ekes out a living with a market stall.

- He was eking out an existence on a few francs a day.

PHR: V inflects

eke out

eke out ekes out; eking out; eked out
If you eke out something, you make your supply of it last as long as possible.

- Many workers can only eke out their redundancy money for about 10 weeks.

PHR-V

eke out

verb

be sparing with

economize on

husband

stretch out

elaborate

[D.J.:iˈlæbəreit]

[K.K.:ɪˈlæbəret]

vi.

详尽说明

vt.

详细制定

[iˈlæbərit]

adj.

复杂的; 精心制作的

elaborately

adv.

苦心经营地,精巧地

elaboration

[D.J.:ɪˌlæbəˈreɪʃɵn]

[K.K.:ɪˌlæbəˈreʃən]

n.

精心制作(或计划)；精致；详尽(阐述)

精心完成的东西；苦心经营的成果

elaborate **

1. elaborate
You use elaborate to describe something that is very complex because it has a lot of different parts.

- ...an elaborate research project.

- ...an elaborate ceremony that lasts for eight days.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= complicated

2. elaborate
Elaborate plans, systems, and procedures are complicated because they have been planned in very great detail, sometimes too much detail.

- ...elaborate efforts at the highest level to conceal the problem...

- The company has worked out an elaborate management training scheme for graduates.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= complicated

3. elaborately

- It was clearly an elaborately planned operation.

ADV-GRADED

4. elaborate
Elaborate clothing or material is made with a lot of detailed artistic designs.

- He is known for his elaborate costumes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. elaborately

- ...elaborately costumed dolls.

ADV-GRADED

6. elaborate elaborates elaborating elaborated
If you elaborate a plan or theory, you develop it by making it more complicated and more effective.

- His task was to elaborate policies which would make a market economy compatible with a clean environment.

- ...the plan elaborated by the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.

VB

7. elaboration

- ...the elaboration of specific policies and mechanisms.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

8. elaborate elaborates elaborating elaborated
If you elaborate on something that has been said, you say more about it, or give more details.

- A spokesman declined to elaborate on a statement released late yesterday.

- Would you care to elaborate?

VB

elaborate

adjective

1.

detailed

intricate

minute

painstaking

precise

studied

thorough

2.

complicated

complex

fancy

fussy

involved

ornamented

ornate

verb

3.

expand (upon)

add detail

amplify

develop

embellish

enlarge

flesh out

´elan

´elan
If you say that someone does something with ´elan , you mean that they do it in an energetic and confident way. (LITERARY)

- This small part was taken with elan by a promising young tenor.

N-UNCOUNT also elan .
= panache

elapse

[D.J.:iˈlæps]

[K.K.:ɪˈlæps]

vi.

(时间)消逝, 过去

elapse *

elapse elapses elapsing elapsed
When time elapses , it passes. (FORMAL)

- Forty-eight hours have elapsed since his arrest.

VB

elapse

verb

pass

glide by

go by

lapse

roll by

slip away

elastic

[D.J.:iˈlæstik]

[K.K.:ɪˈlæstɪk]

adj.

有弹力的, 有弹性的

可伸缩的, 灵活的

n.

松紧带, 橡皮圈

elastic *

1. elastic
Elastic is a rubber material that stretches when you pull it and returns to its original size and shape when you let it go. Elastic is often used in clothes to make them fit tightly, for example round the waist.

- ...a piece of elastic.

- ...my plaid Bermuda shorts with the elastic waist.

N-UNCOUNT

2. elastic
Something that is elastic is able to stretch easily and then return to its original size and shape.

- Beat it until the dough is slightly elastic.

- ...an elastic rope.

ADJ-GRADED
= stretchy

3. elastic
If ideas, plans, or policies are elastic , they are able to change to suit new circumstances or conditions as they occur.

- ...an elastic interpretation of the rules of boxing...

- If export and import demand is elastic then the change in trade volumes will operate to remove the surplus.

ADJ-GRADED
= adaptable

4. elastic elastics.
An elastic is a rubber band . (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

elastic

adjective

1.

stretchy

plastic

pliable

pliant

resilient

rubbery

springy

supple

tensile

2.

adaptable

accommodating

adjustable

compliant

flexible

supple

tolerant

variable

yielding

elasticated

adj.

织入松紧带的,有松紧性的(织物)

elasticated

elasticated
If a piece of clothing or part of a piece of clothing is elasticated , elastic has been sewn or woven into it to make it fit better and to help it keep its shape. (BRIT; in AM use elasticized )

- ...a pink silk jacket with an elasticated waist.

ADJ

elastic band

elastic band elastic bands
An elastic band is a thin circle of very stretchy rubber that you can put around things in order to hold them together. (mainly BRIT; in AM use rubber band )
N-COUNT
= rubber band

elasticity

[D.J.:ɪlæˈstɪsɪti:, ˌi:læ-]

[K.K.:ɪlæˈstɪsɪti, ˌilæ-]

n.

弹性;弹力

灵活性;伸缩性

elasticity *

1. elasticity
The elasticity of a material or substance is its ability to return to its original shape, size, and condition after it has been stretched.

- Daily facial exercises help her to retain the skin's elasticity.

- Gluten develops elasticity in a dough.

N-UNCOUNT
= stretchiness

2. elasticity
In economics, the elasticity of something, especially the demand for a product, is the degree to which it changes in response to changes in circumstances. (TECHNICAL)

- The elasticity of demand for a single newspaper is bound to be higher than the figure for newspapers as a whole.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, with supp, oft N of n, n N

elastoplast

[iˈlæstəplɑ:st]

n.

〈英〉弹性黏膏,弹性绷带(商标名)

elastoplast

1. elastoplast
Elastoplast is a type of sticky tape that you use to cover small cuts on your body. (TRADEMARK) (BRIT; in AM use Band-Aid )

- ...a packet of waterproof elastoplast.

N-VAR

2. elastoplast
If you refer to an elastoplast solution to a problem, you mean that you disapprove of it because you think that it will only be effective for a short period. (BRIT; in AM use Band-Aid )

- It is only an elastoplast solution to a far greater constitutional problem.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

elated

[D.J.:ɪˈleɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ɪˈletɪd]

adj.

兴高采烈的, 得意洋洋的

elated *

elated
If you are elated , you are extremely happy and excited because of something that has happened.

- I was elated that my recent second bypass had been successful.

- `That was one of the best races of my life,' said an elated Hakkinen.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= exhilarated

elated

adjective

joyful

cock-a-hoop

delighted

ecstatic

euphoric

exhilarated

gleeful

jubilant

overjoyed

elate

[D.J.:ɪˈleɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˈlet]

vt.

使高兴,使得意

elation

n.

elation

[D.J.:ɪˈleɪʃɵn]

[K.K.:ɪˈleʃən]

n.

兴高采烈；欢欣鼓舞

(病态的)欣快；欣快症

elation

elation
Elation is a feeling of great happiness and excitement about something that has happened.

- His supporters have reacted to the news with elation.

N-UNCOUNT
= delight

elation

noun

joy

bliss

delight

ecstasy

euphoria

exhilaration

glee

high spirits

jubilation

rapture

elbow

[D.J.:ˈelbəu]

[K.K.:ˈɛlˌbo]

vt. & vi.

用肘推, 用肘挤

n.

肘, (衣服的)肘部

elbow **

1. elbow elbows
Your elbow is the part of your arm where the upper and lower halves of the arm are joined.

- He slipped and fell, badly bruising an elbow.

N-COUNT

2. elbow elbows elbowing elbowed
If you elbow people aside or elbow your way somewhere, you push people with your elbows in order to move somewhere.

- They also claim that the security team elbowed aside a steward.

- Mr Smith elbowed me in the face.

- Brand elbowed his way to the centre of the group of bystanders.

VB
= jostle

3. elbow elbows elbowing elbowed
If someone or something elbows their way somewhere, or elbows other people or things out of the way, they achieve success by being aggressive and determined.

- Non-state firms gradually elbow aside the inefficient state-owned ones.

- With the survival of the whole planet in mind, environmental concerns will elbow their way right to the top of the agenda.

VB

elbow

noun

1.

joint

angle

verb

2.

push

jostle

knock

nudge

shove

elbow grease

elbow grease
People use the expression elbow grease to refer to the strength and energy that you use when doing physical work like rubbing or polishing. (INFORMAL)

- It took a considerable amount of polish and elbow grease before the brass shone like new.

N-UNCOUNT

elbow room

1. elbow room
Elbow room is the freedom to do what you want to do or need to do in a particular situation. (INFORMAL)

- His speech won a standing ovation -- but it was also designed to give himself more political elbow room.

N-UNCOUNT
= leeway

2. elbow room
If there is enough elbow room in a place or vehicle, it is not too small or too crowded. (INFORMAL)

- There was not much elbow room in the cockpit of a Snipe.

N-UNCOUNT
= space

elbow room

noun

scope

freedom

latitude

leeway

play

room

space

elder

[D.J.:ˈeldə]

[K.K.:ˈɛldɚ]

n.

比我年长的人

长辈

adj.

年长的, 年龄较大的

elder **

1. elder
The elder of two people is the one who was born first.

- ...his elder brother.

- ...the elder of her two daughters.

ADJ-COMPAR: ADJ n, the ADJ, the ADJ of n

2. elder elders
A person's elder is someone who is older than them, especially someone quite a lot older. (FORMAL)

- The young have no respect for their elders.

N-COUNT: poss N

3. elder elders
In some societies, an elder is one of the respected older people who have influence and authority.

- ...a meeting of political figures and tribal elders.

N-COUNT

4. elder elders
In some Christian churches, an elder is one of the people who hold a position of responsibility, but not usually a minister.

- He is now an elder of the village church.

N-COUNT

5. elder elders
An elder is a bush or small tree which has groups of small white flowers and black berries.
N-COUNT

elder

adjective

1.

older

first-born

senior

noun

2.

older person

senior

elderberry

[D.J.:ˈeldəˌberi:]

[K.K.:ˈɛldɚˌbɛri]

n.

接骨木;接骨木果

elderberry

1. elderberry elderberries
Elderberries are the edible black berries that grow on an elder bush or tree.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. elderberry elderberries
An elderberry is an elder bush or tree.
N-VAR

elderly

[D.J.:ˈeldəli]

[K.K.:ˈɛldəli]

adj.

上了年纪的, 中年以上的

elderly ***

1. elderly
You use elderly as a polite way of saying that someone is old.

- There was an elderly couple on the terrace.

- Many of those most affected are elderly.

ADJ-GRADED politeness

2. elderly
The elderly are people who are old.

- The elderly are a formidable force in any election.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. elderly
If you describe an object as elderly , you are referring, often in a humorous way, to the fact that it is rather old or old-fashioned and not as good or efficient as a new one would be.

- Some of those artillery pieces look a little elderly.

ADJ-GRADED

elder statesman

1. elder statesman elder statesmen
An elder statesman is an old and respected politician or former politician who still has influence because of his or her experience.
N-COUNT

2. elder statesman elder statesmen
An experienced and respected member of an organization or profession is sometimes referred to as an elder statesman .
N-COUNT: usu with supp

eldest

[D.J.:ˈeldɪst]

[K.K.:ˈɛldɪst]

adj.

(三者或三者以上)最年长的;最老的

eldest *

eldest
The eldest person in a group is the one who was born before all the others.

- The eldest child was a daughter called Fiona.

- David was the eldest of three boys.

- The two eldest are already doing well at Kings Wood.

ADJ-SUPERL

elect

[D.J.:iˈlekt]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɛkt]

vt.

(进行)选举, 推举

选择, 决定(做某事)

elect ****

1. elect elects electing elected
When people elect someone, they choose that person to represent them, by voting for them.

- The people of the Philippines have voted to elect a new president.

- Manchester College elected him Principal in 1956.

- The country is about to take a radical departure by electing a woman as its new president.

VB

2. elected

- ...the country's democratically elected president.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. elect elects electing elected
If you elect to do something, you choose to do it. (FORMAL)

- Those electing to smoke will be seated at the rear.

VB

4. elect
Elect is added after words such as `president' or `governor' to indicate that a person has been elected to the post but has not officially started to carry out the duties involved. (FORMAL)

- ...the date when the president-elect takes office.

ADJ: n ADJ

elect

verb

choose

appoint

determine

opt for

pick

prefer

select

settle on

vote

election

[D.J.:iˈlekʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɛkʃən]

n.

选举, 当选, 推举

election *****

1. election elections
An election is a process in which people vote to choose a person or group of people to hold an official position.

- ...Poland's first fully free elections for more than fifty years...

- During his election campaign he promised to put the economy back on its feet.

- The final election results will be announced on Friday.

- Many residents say they have little or no idea who's standing for election.

N-VAR

2. election
The election of a particular person or group of people is their success in winning an election.

- ...the election of the Labour government in 1964.

- ...Vaclav Havel's election as president of Czechoslovakia...

- In Illinois, the Democrat candidate is the favorite to win election to the Senate.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

election

noun

voting

appointment

choice

judgment

preference

selection

vote

electioneering

electioneering
Electioneering is the activities that politicians and their supporters carry out in order to persuade people to vote for them or their political party in an election, for example making speeches and visiting voters.
N-UNCOUNT
= campaigning

elective

[D.J.:ɪˈlektɪv]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɛktɪv]

adj.

选任的,由选举产生的

有选举权的

(课程)选修的;(可选择的)可选择的

elective

1. elective
An elective post or committee is one to which people are appointed as a result of winning an election. (FORMAL)

- Buchanan has never held elective office.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. elective
Elective surgery is surgery that you choose to have before it becomes essential. (FORMAL)
ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. elective electives
An elective is a subject which a student can choose to study as part of his or her course. (AM; in BRIT use option )

- Electives are offered in Tai Chi and advanced dance exercise.

N-COUNT

elector

[D.J.:ɪˈlektə]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɛktɚ]

n.

有选举权的人,选民

elector *

1. elector electors
An elector is a person who has the right to vote in an election.
N-COUNT: usu pl
= voter

2. elector electors
An elector is a member of the electoral college. People vote for electors in each state to represent them in the presidential elections. (AM)
N-COUNT

elector

noun

voter

constituent

selector

electoral

[D.J.:ɪˈlektərəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɛktərəl]

adj.

选举的;选举人的

electoral ***

1. electoral
Electoral is used to describe things that are connected with elections.

- The Mongolian Democratic Party is campaigning for electoral reform.

- ...Italy's electoral system of proportional representation.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. electorally

- He believed that the policies were both wrong and electorally disastrous.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed, ADV after v, ADV with cl

electoral college

electoral college.
The electoral college is the system that is used in the United States in presidential elections. The electors in the electoral college act as representatives for each state, and they elect the president and vice-president. (AM)
N-SING: the N

electoral register

electoral register electoral registers
An electoral register is an official list of all the people who have the right to vote in an election. (BRIT)

- Many students are not on the electoral register.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing
= electoral roll

electoral roll

electoral roll electoral rolls
An electoral roll is the same as an electoral register . (BRIT)
N-COUNT

electorate

[D.J.:iˈlektərit]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɛktərɪt]

n.

全体选民

electorate **

electorate electorates
The electorate of a country or area is all the people in it who have the right to vote in an election.

- He has the backing of almost a quarter of the electorate.

- ...the Maltese electorate.

N-COUNT-COLL

electric

[D.J.:iˈlektrik]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɛktrɪk]

adj.

电动的, 电的

使人震惊的

electric ***

1. electric
An electric device or machine works by means of electricity, rather than using some other source of power.

- ...her electric guitar.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. electric
An electric current, voltage, or charge is one that is produced by electricity.
ADJ: ADJ n

3. electric
Electric plugs, sockets, or power lines are designed to carry electricity.
ADJ: ADJ n

4. electric
Electric is used to refer to the supply of electricity. (INFORMAL)

- An average electric bill might go up $2 or $3 per month.

ADJ: ADJ n
= electricity

5. electric
If you describe the atmosphere of a place or event as electric , you mean that people are in a state of great excitement.

- The mood in the hall was electric.

ADJ-GRADED
= charged

electric

adjective

charged

dynamic

exciting

rousing

stimulating

stirring

tense

thrilling

electrical

[iˈlektrikəl]

adj.

用电的; 与电有关的, 电学的

electrically

[D.J.:ɪˈlektrɪklɪ]

[K.K.:ɪˈl ɛktrɪklɪ]

adv.

用电力;有关电地

electrical **

1. electrical
Electrical goods, equipment, or appliances work by means of electricity.

- ...shipments of electrical equipment.

- ...electrical appliances.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. electrically

- ...electrically-powered vehicles.

ADV: ADV -ed

3. electrical
Electrical systems or parts supply or use electricity.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. electrical
Electrical energy is energy in the form of electricity.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

5. electrically

- ...electrically charged particles...

- The researchers stimulated the muscle electrically.

ADV: usu ADV adj

6. electrical
Electrical industries, engineers, or workers are involved in the production and supply of electricity or electrical goods.
ADJ: ADJ n

electrical engineer

electrical engineer electrical engineers
An electrical engineer is a person who uses scientific knowledge to design, construct, and maintain electrical devices.
N-COUNT

electrical engineering

electrical engineering
Electrical engineering is the designing, constructing, and maintenance of electrical devices.
N-UNCOUNT

electric blanket

electric blanket electric blankets
An electric blanket is a blanket with wires inside it which carry an electric current that keeps the blanket warm.
N-COUNT

electric-blue

electric-blue
Something that is electric-blue is very bright blue in colour.
COLOUR

electric chair

electric chair electric chairs
The electric chair is a method of killing criminals, used especially in the United States, in which a person is strapped to a special chair and killed by a powerful electric current.
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

electrician

[D.J.:ilekˈtriʃən]

[K.K.:ɪlɛkˈtrɪʃən, ˌilɛk-]

n.

电工, 电气专家

electrician *

electrician electricians
An electrician is a person whose job is to install and repair electrical equipment.
N-COUNT

electricity

[D.J.:ilekˈtrisiti]

[K.K.:ɪlɛkˈtrɪsɪti, ˌilɛk-]

n.

电, 电流

热情, 紧张情绪

electricity ***

electricity
Electricity is a form of energy that can be carried by wires and is used for heating and lighting, and to provide power for machines.

- We moved into a cabin with electricity but no running water.

- The electricity had been cut off.

N-UNCOUNT

electrics

[iˈlektriks]

n.

电学

electrics

electrics
You can refer to a system of electrical wiring as the electrics . (BRIT)

- Plumbing and electrics are installed to a high standard.

N-PLURAL

electric shock

electric shock electric shocks
If you get an electric shock , you get a sudden painful feeling when you touch something which is connected to a supply of electricity.
N-COUNT

electrification

[ilektrifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n]

n.

充电,电气化

electrified

电气化的

electrify

[D.J.:ɪˈlektrəˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɛktrəˌfaɪ]

vt.

使电气化

使兴奋

electrifying

毛绒电光整理

electrification

electrification
The electrification of a house, town, or area is the connecting of that place with a supply of electricity.

- ...rural electrification.

N-UNCOUNT
See also electrify .

electrify *

1. electrify electrifies electrifying electrified
If people are electrified by an event or experience, it makes them feel very excited and surprised.

- The world was electrified by his courage and resistance.

VB: usu passive
= thrill

2. electrifying

- He gave an electrifying performance.

ADJ-GRADED

3. electrify electrifies electrifying electrified
When a railway system or railway line is electrified , electric cables are put over the tracks, or electric rails are put beside them, so that the trains can be powered by electricity.

- The west-coast line was electrified as long ago as 1974.

- ...the electrified section of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway.

VB: usu passive

4. electrification

- ...the electrification of the Oxted to Uckfield line.

N-UNCOUNT

electrify

verb

startle

astound

excite

galvanize

invigorate

jolt

shock

stir

thrill

electrified

electrified
An electrified fence or other barrier has been connected to a supply of electricity, so that a person or animal that touches it will get an electric shock.

- The house was set amid dense trees and surrounded by an electrified fence.

ADJ: ADJ n

electro-

pref.

表示“电,电子的,用电”之义

electro-

electro-
Electro- is used to form words that refer to electricity or processes involving electricity.

- ...electro-chemical phenomena.

- ...electro-magnetic energy.

PREFIX

electrocardiogram

[D.J.:ɪˌlektrəʊˈkɑ:di:əˌgræm]

[K.K.:ɪˌlɛktroˈkɑrdiəˌɡræm]

n.

心电图

electrocardiograph

n.

心电图仪器

electrocardiograph

[D.J.:ilektrəuˈkɑ:diəuɡrɑ:f]

[K.K.:ɪˌlɛktroˈkɑrdiəˌɡræf]

n.

心动电流描记器,心电图仪

electrocardiogram

electrocardiogram electrocardiograms
If someone has an electrocardiogram , doctors use special equipment to measure the electric currents produced by that person's heart in order to see whether it is working normally.
N-COUNT

electrocute

[D.J.:ilektrəkju:t]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɛktrəˌkjut]

vt.

〈美〉处电刑,触电致死

electrocution

n.

电刑,电死

electrocute

1. electrocute electrocutes electrocuting electrocuted
If someone is electrocuted , they are accidentally killed or badly injured when they touch something connected to a source of electricity.

- Three people were electrocuted by falling power-lines.

- He accidentally electrocuted himself.

VB

2. electrocute electrocutes electrocuting electrocuted
If a criminal is electrocuted , he or she is executed using electricity.

- He was electrocuted for a murder committed when he was 17.

VB: usu passive

3. electrocution electrocutions

- The court pronounced him guilty and sentenced him to death by electrocution.

N-VAR

electrode

[D.J.:ɪˈlekˌtrəʊd]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɛkˌtrod]

n.

电极

electrode *

electrode electrodes
An electrode is a small piece of metal or other substance that is used to take an electric current to or from a source of power, a piece of equipment, or a living body.

- Two electrodes which measure changes in the body's surface moisture are attached to the palms of your hands.

N-COUNT

electrolysis

[D.J.:ɪlekˈtrɔlɪsɪs, ˌi:lek-]

[K.K.:ɪlɛkˈtrɑlɪsɪs, ˌilɛk-]

n.

电解,电蚀

电蚀除瘤〔毛发等〕

electrolysis

electrolysis
Electrolysis is the process of passing an electric current through a substance in order to produce chemical changes in the substance. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

electrolyte

[D.J.:ɪˈlektrəˌlaɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɛktrəˌlaɪt]

n.

<化>电解液;电解质

electrolytic

adj.

electrolytes

电解质类

electrolytic

[D.J.:iˌlektrəuˈlitik]

[K.K.:ɪˌlɛktrəˈlɪtɪk]

adj.

电解的,由电解产生的

electrolyte

electrolyte electrolytes
An electrolyte is a substance, usually a liquid, which electricity can pass through. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

electromagnet

[D.J.:ɪˌlektrəʊˈmægnɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˌlɛktroˈmæɡnɪt]

n.

<物>电磁体;电磁铁

electromagnet

electromagnet electromagnets
An electromagnet is a magnet that consists of a piece of iron or steel surrounded by a coil. The metal becomes magnetic when an electric current is passed through the coil.
N-COUNT

electromagnetic

[D.J.:ɪˌlektrəʊmægˈnetɪk]

[K.K.:ɪˌlɛktromæɡˈnɛtɪk]

adj.

<物>电磁的

electromagnetic *

electromagnetic
Electromagnetic is used to describe the electrical and magnetic forces or effects produced by an electric current.

- ...electromagnetic fields.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

electron

[D.J.:iˈlektrɔn]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɛkˌtrɑn]

n.

电子

electron **

electron electrons
An electron is a tiny particle of matter that is smaller than an atom and has a negative electrical charge. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

electronic

[D.J.:ilekˈtrɔnik]

[K.K.:ɪlɛkˈtrɑnɪk, ˌilɛk-]

adj.

电子的; 电子器件的

electronically

adv.

电子地

electronic ***

1. electronic
An electronic device has transistors or silicon chips which control and change the electric current passing through the device.

- ...expensive electronic equipment.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. electronic
An electronic process or activity involves the use of electronic devices.

- ...electronic surveillance.

- ...electronic music.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. electronically

- Data is transmitted electronically.

- ...an electronically controlled dishwasher.

ADV: ADV with v

electronic mail

electronic mail
Electronic mail is the same as e-mail .
N-SING

electronic publishing

electronic publishing
Electronic publishing is the publishing of documents in a form that can be read on a computer, for example as a CD-ROM.
N-UNCOUNT

electronics

[D.J.:ilekˈtrɔniks]

[K.K.:ɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks, ˌilɛk-]

n.

电子学

electronics **

1. electronics
Electronics is the technology of using transistors and silicon chips, especially in devices such as radios, televisions, and computers.

- ...Europe's three main electronics companies.

- ...cheaper, better consumer electronics.

N-UNCOUNT

2. electronics
You can refer to electronic devices, or the part of a piece of equipment that consists of electronic devices, as the electronics .

- All the electronics are housed in a waterproof box.

N-PLURAL: oft the N

electronic tagging

electronic tagging
Electronic tagging is a system in which a criminal or suspected criminal has an electronic device attached to them which enables the police to know if they leave a particular area. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

elegance

[D.J.:ˈeliɡəns]

[K.K.:ˈɛlɪɡəns]

n.

高雅,典雅,优雅,雅致

elegant

[D.J.:ˈeliɡənt]

[K.K.:ˈɛlɪɡənt]

adj.

优美的, 文雅的; 讲究的

简洁的, 简练的

elegantly

[D.J.:ˈelə gəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈ ɛləɡəntlɪ]

adv.

优美地;雅致地;高雅地

elegant ***

1. elegant
If you describe a person or thing as elegant , you mean that they are pleasing and graceful in appearance or style.

- Patricia looked beautiful and elegant as always.

- ...an elegant restaurant.

ADJ-GRADED
= stylish

2. elegance

- ...Princess Grace's understated elegance...

- The furniture managed to combine practicality with elegance.

N-UNCOUNT

3. elegantly

- ...a tall, elegantly dressed man with a mustache.

ADV-GRADED

4. elegant
If you describe a piece of writing, an idea, or a plan as elegant , you mean that it is simple, clear, and clever.

- The document impressed me with its elegant simplicity.

ADJ-GRADED

5. elegantly

- ...an elegantly simple idea.

ADV-GRADED

elegance

noun

style

dignity

exquisiteness

grace

gracefulness

grandeur

luxury

refinement

taste

elegant

adjective

stylish

chic

delicate

exquisite

fine

graceful

handsome

polished

refined

tasteful

elegiac

[D.J.:ˌeliˈdʒaiək]

[K.K.:ˌɛləˈdʒaɪək, ɪˈlidʒiˌæk]

adj.

挽歌的; 哀悼的; 伤感的

elegiac

elegiac
Something that is elegiac expresses or shows sadness. (LITERARY)

- The music has a dreamy, elegiac quality.

ADJ-GRADED

elegy

[D.J.:ˈelədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˈɛlədʒi]

n.

哀歌,挽歌

elegy

elegy elegies
An elegy is a sad poem, often about someone who has died.

- ...a touching elegy for a lost friend.

N-COUNT

element

[D.J.:ˈelimənt]

[K.K.:ˈɛləmənt]

n.

(化学)元素

成分, 要素, 原件

一伙人

基础, 纲要, 原理

elements

n.

原理,基础

element ****

1. element elements
The different elements of something are the different parts it contains.

- The exchange of prisoners of war was one of the key elements of the UN's peace plan.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp
= constituent ≠ whole

2. element elements
A particular element of a situation, activity, or process is an important quality or feature that it has or needs.

- Fitness has now become an important element in our lives.

N-COUNT: with supp
= factor

3. element elements
When you talk about elements within a society or organization, you are referring to groups of people who have similar aims, beliefs, or habits.

- The government must weed out criminal elements from within the security forces.

- ...the hooligan element.

N-COUNT: usu pl, supp N
≠ individual

4. element elements
If something has an element of a particular quality or emotion, it has a certain amount of this quality or emotion.

- These reports clearly contain elements of propaganda.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n

5. element elements
An element is a substance such as gold, oxygen, or carbon that consists of only one type of atom.
N-COUNT
≠ compound

6. element elements
The element in an electric fire or water heater is the metal part which changes the electric current into heat.

- With its unique heating element it makes perfect coffee.

N-COUNT: usu sing

7. element elements
You can refer to the weather, especially wind and rain, as the elements .

- The area where most refugees are waiting is exposed to the elements.

N-PLURAL: the N

8. element
If you say that someone is in their element , you mean that they are in a situation they enjoy. If you say that someone is out of their element , you mean that they are in a situation that they do not enjoy.

- My stepmother was in her element, organizing everything.

- Maybe it's because they're so out of their element that they feel the need to talk.

PHR: v-link PHR

element

noun

1.

component

constituent

factor

ingredient

part

section

subdivision

unit

in one's element

2.

environment

domain

field

habitat

medium

milieu

sphere

elements

plural noun

1.

basics

essentials

foundations

fundamentals

nuts and bolts informal

principles

rudiments

2.

weather conditions

atmospheric conditions

powers of nature

elemental

[D.J.:ˌeləˈmentl]

[K.K.:ˌɛləˈmɛntl..]

adj.

自然力的;强大的, 巨大的

基本的, 初步的

elemental *

elemental
Elemental feelings and types of behaviour are simple, basic, and forceful. (LITERARY)

- ...the elemental life they would be living in this new colony.

ADJ-GRADED
= basic

elementary

[D.J.:ˌeliˈmentəri]

[K.K.:ˌɛləˈmɛntəri, -tri]

adj.

基本的, 初级的, 基础的, 小学的

简单的, 容易的

elementary *

elementary
Something that is elementary is very simple and basic.

- Literacy now includes elementary computer skills.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= basic

elementary

adjective

simple

clear

easy

plain

rudimentary

straightforward

uncomplicated

elementary school *

elementary school elementary schools
An elementary school is a school where children are taught for the first six or sometimes eight years of their education. (mainly AM)

- The move from elementary school to middle school or junior high can be difficult.

N-VAR

elephant

[D.J.:ˈelifənt]

[K.K.:ˈɛləfənt]

n.

象, 大象

elephant **

elephant elephants
An elephant is a very large animal with a long, flexible nose called a trunk, which it uses to pick up things. Elephants live in India and Africa.
N-COUNT
See also white elephant .

elephantine

[D.J.:ˌeləˈfænˌti:n, -ˌtaɪn, ˈeləfən-]

[K.K.:ˌɛləˈfænˌtin, -ˌtaɪn, ˈɛləfən-]

adj.

象的

巨大的

笨拙的,沉重的

elephantine

elephantine
If you describe something as elephantine , you mean that you think it is large and clumsy.

- ...elephantine clumsiness...

- His legs were elephantine and his body obese.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

elevate

[D.J.:ˈeliveit]

[K.K.:ˈɛləˌvet]

vt.

举起, 提高

提升

鼓舞, 使更有修养

elevated

[D.J.:ˈeləˌveɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈɛləˌvetɪd]

adj.

升高的,提高的;高的;高层的

高尚的,崇高的

振奋的,欢欣的

n.

<美><口>高架铁路

elevating

升降机构

elevation

[D.J.:ˌeləˈveɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛləˈveʃən]

n.

提升, 提高, 晋级

海拔

(建筑物的)正视图, 立体图

elevate **

1. elevate elevates elevating elevated
When someone or something achieves a more important rank or status, you can say that they are elevated to it. (FORMAL)

- He was elevated to the post of prime minister.

VB: usu passive
= promote

2. elevation

- The Prime Minister is known to favour the elevation of more women to the Cabinet.

- After his elevation to the papacy, he reigned for two years.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss, N to n

3. elevate elevates elevating elevated
If you elevate something to a higher status, you consider it to be better or more important than it really is.

- Don't elevate your superiors to superstar status.

VB

4. elevate elevates elevating elevated
To elevate something means to increase it in amount or intensity. (FORMAL)

- Emotional stress can elevate blood pressure.

- ...overweight individuals who have elevated cholesterol levels.

VB
= raise

5. elevate elevates elevating elevated
If you elevate something, you raise it above a horizontal level. (FORMAL)

- Jack elevated the gun at the sky.

VB

elevated

1. elevated
A person, job, or role that is elevated is very important or of very high rank.

- His career has blossomed and that has given him a certain elevated status.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. elevated
If thoughts or ideas are elevated , they are on a high moral or intellectual level.

- ...the magazine's elevated British tone.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. elevated
If land or buildings are elevated , they are raised up higher than the surrounding area.

- An elevated platform on the stage collapsed during rehearsals.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= raised

elevation

1. elevation elevations
In architecture, an elevation is the front, back, or side of a building, or a drawing of one of these. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the addition of two-storey wings on the north and south elevations.

N-COUNT: with supp

2. elevation elevations
The elevation of a place is its height above sea level.

- We're probably at an elevation of about 13,000 feet above sea level.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= altitude

3. elevation elevations
An elevation is a piece of ground that is higher than the area around it.
N-COUNT

elevate

verb

1.

raise

heighten

hoist

lift

lift up

uplift

2.

promote

advance

aggrandize

exalt

prefer

upgrade

elevated

adjective

high-minded

dignified

exalted

grand

high-flown

inflated

lofty

noble

sublime

elevation

noun

1.

promotion

advancement

aggrandizement

exaltation

preferment

upgrading

2.

altitude

height

elevator

[D.J.:ˈeliveitə]

[K.K.:ˈɛləˌvetɚ]

n.

电梯, 升降机

elevator *

elevator elevators
An elevator is a device that carries people up and down inside buildings. (AM; in BRIT use lift )
N-COUNT

eleven

[D.J.:ɪˈlevən]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɛvən]

num.

十一

n.

由十一人组成的足球队、棒球队等

eleven *****

eleven
Eleven is the number 11.

- ...the Princess and her eleven friends.

NUM

eleven-plus

n.

升学考试

eleven-plus

eleven-plus
The eleven-plus is an exam which was taken by children in Britain at about the age of eleven, in order to decide which secondary school they should go to. (BRIT)
N-SING: oft the N also eleven plus .

elevenses

[D.J.:iˈlevənziz]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɛvənzəs]

n.

午前茶,午前茶点

elevenses

elevenses
Elevenses is a short break when you have a cup of tea or coffee, and sometimes biscuits, at around eleven o'clock in the morning. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

eleventh

[D.J.:ɪˈlevənθ]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɛvənθ]

num.

第十一

the eleventh hour

最后关头；最后一刻

eleventh ****

eleventh
The eleventh item in a series is the one that you count as number eleven.

- We were working on the eleventh floor.

ORD

eleventh hour

eleventh hour
If someone does something at the eleventh hour , they do it at the last possible moment.

- He postponed his trip at the eleventh hour.

- ...last night's eleventh hour agreement.

N-SING: usu at the N, N n

elf

[D.J.:elf]

[K.K.:ɛlf]

n.

(双耳尖尖的)小精灵

elf bolt

石箭头

elf-struck

adj.

着迷的

elf-struck

adj.

着迷的

elves

[D.J.:elvz]

[K.K.:ɛlvz]

n.

爱恶作剧的孩子,侏儒(elf的复数形式)

elf

elf elves
In fairy stories, elves are small magical beings who play tricks on people.
N-COUNT: usu pl

elves

Elves is the plural of elf .

elfin

[D.J.:ˈelfin]

[K.K.:ˈɛlfɪn]

adj.

小妖精的,像小妖精的

n.

小精灵,矮人,淘气鬼,小孩

elfin

elfin
If you describe someone as elfin , you think that they are attractive because they are small and have delicate features.

- ...a little boy with an elfin face.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

elicit

[D.J.:iˈlisit]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɪsɪt]

vt.

引出, 探出

elicit *

1. elicit elicits eliciting elicited
If you elicit a response or a reaction, you do or say something which makes other people respond or react.

- Mr Norris said he was hopeful that his request would elicit a positive response.

- The crime elicited an outcry against illicit drugs.

VB

2. elicit elicits eliciting elicited
If you elicit a piece of information, you get it by asking the right questions. (FORMAL)

- They promised to make enquiries for us, but several phone calls elicited no further information.

VB

elicit

verb

1.

bring about

bring forth

bring out

bring to light

call forth

cause

derive

evolve

give rise to

2.

obtain

draw out

evoke

exact

extort

extract

wrest

elide

[D.J.:ɪˈlaɪd]

[K.K.:ɪˈlaɪd]

vt.

(发音中)省略

elide

1. elide elides eliding elided
If you elide something, especially a distinction, you leave it out or ignore it. (FORMAL)

- These habits of thinking elide the difference between what is common and what is normal.

VB

2. elide elides eliding elided
In linguistics, if you elide a word, you do not pronounce or write it fully. (TECHNICAL)

- He complained about BBC announcers eliding their words.

VB
= contract

eligibility

n.

适任,合格

eligible

[D.J.:ˈelidʒəbl]

[K.K.:ˈɛlɪdʒəbəl]

adj.

有资格当选的, 有条件被选中的

合适的, 适当的

eligible **

1. eligible
Someone who is eligible to do something is qualified or able to do it, for example because they are old enough.

- Almost half the population are eligible to vote in today's election.

- You could be eligible for a university scholarship.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ for n, ADJ to-inf

2. eligibility

- The rules covering eligibility for benefits changed in the 1980s.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n

3. eligible
An eligible man or woman is not yet married and is thought by many people to be a suitable partner.

- He's the most eligible bachelor in Japan.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

eligible

adjective

qualified

acceptable

appropriate

desirable

fit

preferable

proper

suitable

worthy

eliminate

[D.J.:iˈlimineit]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɪməˌnet]

vt.

消除, 排除

忽略

淘汰

〈口〉干掉

elimination

[D.J.:ɪˌlɪmɪˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˌlɪməˈneʃən]

n.

排除;除去,根除

淘汰

eliminate ***

1. eliminate eliminates eliminating eliminated
To eliminate something, especially something you do not want or need, means to remove it completely. (FORMAL)

- The Sex Discrimination Act has not eliminated discrimination in employment.

- Academic departments are being eliminated.

- If you think you may be allergic to a food or drink, eliminate it from your diet.

VB

2. elimination

- ...the prohibition and elimination of chemical weapons.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. eliminate eliminated
When a person or team is eliminated from a competition, they are defeated and so take no further part in the competition.

- I was eliminated from the 400 metres in the semi-finals.

- If you are eliminated in the show-jumping then you are out of the complete competition.

V-PASSIVE
= knock out

4. eliminate eliminates eliminating eliminated
If someone says that they have eliminated an enemy, they mean that they have killed them. By using the word `eliminate', they are trying to make the action sound more positive than if they used the word `kill'.

- He declared war on the government and urged right-wingers to eliminate their opponents.

- The radio station claimed that 87,000 `reactionaries' had been eliminated.

VB

eliminate

verb

get rid of

cut out

dispose of

do away with

eradicate

exterminate

remove

stamp out

take out

eliminator

[iˈlimineitə]

n.

消除者,消除器

eliminator

eliminator eliminators
In sport, an eliminator is a game which decides which team or player is to go through to the next stage of a particular competition. (BRIT; in AM use elimination game )

- He meets tough Canadian Razor Ruddock in a world title eliminator at London's Earls Court on Saturday.

N-COUNT: usu n N

elite

[D.J.:eiˈli:t]

[K.K.:ɪˈlit, eˈlit]

n.

〈法〉精华,精锐,中坚分子

elite **

1. elite elites
You can refer to the most powerful, rich, or talented people within a particular group, place, or society as the elite .

- ...a government comprised mainly of the elite.

- ...China's intellectual elite.

N-COUNT

2. elite
Elite people or organizations are considered to be the best of their kind.

- ...the elite troops of the President's bodyguard.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

elite

noun

best

aristocracy

cream

crème de la crème

flower

nobility

pick

upper class

elitism

[D.J.:ɪˈli:ˌtɪzəm, eɪˈli:-]

[K.K.:ɪˈliˌtɪzəm, eˈli-]

n.

①<贬>精英统治;精英主义

高人一等的优越感

elitism

elitism
Elitism is the quality or practice of being elitist.

- Will severe selection standards create elitism and threaten the Olympic ethic of participation?.

- It became difficult to promote conventional ideas of excellence without being instantly accused of elitism.

N-UNCOUNT

elitist

n.

优秀人才,杰出者

adj.

优秀人才的,杰出者的

elitist *

1. elitist
Elitist systems, practices, or ideas favour the most powerful, rich, or talented people within a group, place, or society.

- The party leadership denounced the Bill as elitist.

- Skiing is old-fashioned, elitist and boring.

- The legal profession is starting to be less elitist and more representative.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. elitist elitists
An elitist is someone who has elitist ideas or is part of an elite.

- He was an elitist who had no time for the masses and an unquenchable ego.

N-COUNT disapproval

elitist

adjective

snobbish

exclusive

selective

elixir

[D.J.:ɪˈlɪksə]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɪksɚ]

n.

炼金药,长生不老药

酏剂

elixir

elixir elixirs
An elixir is a liquid that is considered to have magical powers. (LITERARY)

- ...the elixir of life.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

elixir

noun

panacea

nostrum

Elizabethan

[D.J.:iˌlizəˈbi:θən]

[K.K.:ɪˌlɪzəˈbiθən, -ˈbɛθən]

adj.

英国女王伊丽莎白一世时代的(1558—1603)

Elizabethan *

Elizabethan
Elizabethan means belonging to or connected with England in the second half of the sixteenth century, when Elizabeth the First was Queen.

- ...Elizabethan England.

- ...the Elizabethan theatre.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

elk

[D.J.:elk]

[K.K.:ɛlk]

n.

麋鹿

elk

elk elks
An elk is a type of large deer. Elks have big, flat horns called antlers and are found in Northern Europe, Asia, and North America. Some British speakers use elk to refer to the European and Asian varieties of this animal, and moose to refer to the North American variety.
N-VAR elk can also be used as the plural form

ellipse

[D.J.:ɪˈlɪps]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɪps]

n.

椭圆

ellipse

ellipse ellipses
An ellipse is an oval shape similar to a circle but longer and flatter.

- The Earth orbits in an ellipse.

N-COUNT

ellipsis

[D.J.:ɪˈlɪpsɪs]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɪpsɪs]

n.

(语法结构上的)省略

ellipsis

ellipsis
In linguistics, ellipsis means leaving out words rather than repeating them unnecessarily; for example, saying `I want to go but I can't' instead of `I want to go but I can't go'. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

elliptical

[D.J.:iˈliptikəl]

adj.

椭圆的, 像椭圆形的

(指语言)难懂的, 晦涩的

elliptically

adv.

椭圆形地,省略地

elliptical

1. elliptical
Something that is elliptical has the shape of an ellipse. (FORMAL)

- ...the moon's elliptical orbit...

- The stadium is elliptical in plan.

ADJ-GRADED

2. elliptical
Elliptical references to something are indirect rather than clear. (FORMAL)

- ...Kirsty Gunn's austere, elliptical account of a childhood tragedy.

- ...elliptical references to problems best not aired in public.

ADJ-GRADED
= oblique ≠ direct

3. elliptically

- He spoke only briefly and elliptically about the mission.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

elm

[D.J.:elm]

[K.K.:ɛlm]

n.

<植>榆树, 榆木

elm *

1. elm elms
An elm is a tree that has broad leaves which it loses in winter.
N-VAR

2. elm
Elm is the wood of this tree.
N-UNCOUNT

elocution

[D.J.:ˌeləˈkju:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛləˈkjuʃən]

n.

演说艺术

朗诵法(指姿态,风度, 口才等); 发声法

elocution

elocution
Elocution lessons are lessons in which someone is taught to speak clearly and in an accent that is considered to be standard and acceptable.

- When I was 11 my mother sent me to elocution lessons.

N-UNCOUNT

elocution

noun

diction

articulation

declamation

delivery

enunciation

oratory

pronunciation

speech

speechmaking

elongate

[D.J.:ɪˈlɔ:ŋˌgeɪt, ɪˈlɔŋ-]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɔŋˌɡet, ɪˈlɑŋ-]

vt.

延长,加长

elongated

狭身字

elongating

延伸

elongate

elongate elongates elongating elongated
If you elongate something or if it elongates , you stretch it so that it becomes longer. (FORMAL)

- `Mom,' she intoned, elongating the word until it sounded like a foghorn.

- Corn is treated when the stalk starts to elongate.

V-ERG
= lengthen

elongated

elongated
If something is elongated , it is very long and thin, often in an unnatural way.

- The light from my candle threw his elongated shadow on the walls.

ADJ-GRADED

elongate

verb

make longer

draw out

extend

lengthen

prolong

protract

stretch

elope

[D.J.:ɪˈləʊp]

[K.K.:ɪˈlop]

vi.

私奔

elope

elope elopes eloping eloped
When two people elope they go away secretly together to get married.

- My girlfriend Lynn and I eloped.

- In 1912 he eloped with Frieda von Richthofen.

V-RECIP

elope

verb

run away

abscond

bolt

decamp

disappear

escape

leave

run off

slip away

steal away

eloquence

[D.J.:ˈeləkwəns]

[K.K.:ˈɛləkwəns]

n.

口才;雄辩

eloquent

[D.J.:ˈeləkwənt]

[K.K.:ˈɛləkwənt]

adj.

雄辩的, 有口才的

清楚表现出来

eloquently

[D.J.:ˈelək wəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈ ɛlək wəntlɪ]

adv.

善辩地;富于表现力地

eloquent *

1. eloquent
Speech or writing that is eloquent is well expressed and effective in persuading people.

- I heard him make a very eloquent speech at that dinner.

ADJ-GRADED
= expressive

2. eloquence

- ...the eloquence of his prose.

N-UNCOUNT

3. eloquently

- Jan speaks eloquently about her art.

ADV-GRADED

4. eloquent
A person who is eloquent is good at speaking and able to persuade people.

- He was eloquent about his love of books.

- ...one particularly eloquent German critic.

ADJ-GRADED approval

5. eloquence

- I wish I'd had the eloquence of Helmut Schmidt.

N-UNCOUNT

eloquence

noun

expressiveness

expression

fluency

forcefulness

oratory

persuasiveness

rhetoric

way with words

eloquent

adjective

1.

silver-tongued

articulate

fluent

forceful

moving

persuasive

stirring

well-expressed

2.

expressive

meaningful

suggestive

telling

vivid

else

[D.J.:els]

[K.K.:ɛls]

adv.

其他, 另外

else *****

1. else
You use else after words such as `anywhere', `someone', and `what', to refer in a vague way to another person, place, or thing.

- If I can't make a living at painting, at least I can teach someone else to paint.

- We had nothing else to do on those long trips.

- What else have you had for your birthday?.

- There's not much else I can say.

ADJ: pron-indef/quest ADJ

2. else
Also an adverb.

- I never wanted to live anywhere else.

ADV: adv ADV

3. else
You use else after words such as `everyone', `everything', and `everywhere' to refer in a vague way to all the other people, things, or places except the one you are talking about.

- As I try to be truthful, I expect everyone else to be truthful.

- Cigarettes are in short supply, like everything else here.

ADJ: pron-indef ADJ

4. else
Also an adverb.

- London seems so much dirtier than everywhere else.

ADV: adv ADV

5. else
You use or else after stating a logical conclusion, to indicate that what you are about to say is evidence for that conclusion.

- At least that Krayev's a decent bloke, or else he'd have slung us out for that kind of work.

- Evidently no lessons have been learnt or else the government would not have handled the problem so sloppily.

PHR-CONJ-COORD
= otherwise

6. else
You use or else to introduce a statement that indicates the unpleasant results that will occur if someone does or does not do something.

- This time we really need to succeed or else people will start giving us funny looks.

- Make sure you are strapped in very well, or else you will fall out.

PHR-CONJ-COORD
= otherwise

7. else
You use or else to introduce the second of two possibilities when you do not know which one is true.

- You are either a total genius or else you must be absolutely raving mad.

- It's likely someone gave her a lift, or else that she took a taxi.

PHR-CONJ-COORD

8. else
Above all else is used to emphasize that a particular thing is more important than other things.

- Above all else I hate the cold.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

9. else
You can say ` if nothing else ' to indicate that what you are mentioning is, in your opinion, the only good thing in a particular situation.

- If nothing else, you'll really enjoy meeting them.

PHR: PHR with cl
= at least

10. else
You say ` or else ' after a command to warn someone that if they do not obey, you will be angry and may harm or punish them. (SPOKEN)

- Behave, or else!.

- He told us to put it right, or else.

PHR: cl PHR

elsewhere

[D.J.:ˈelsˈhwɛə]

[K.K.:ˈɛlsˌhwɛr, -ˌwɛr]

adv.

在别处, 到别处

elsewhere ***

elsewhere
Elsewhere means in other places or to another place.

- Almost 80 percent of the state's residents were born elsewhere.

- They were living rather well, in comparison with people elsewhere in the world.

- But if you are not satisfied then go elsewhere.

- Until the doctor arrived from elsewhere on the ward, Amy was in charge.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV, ADV with cl, be ADV, from ADV, oft ADV prep/adv

elsewhere

adverb

in or to another place

abroad

away

hence archaic

not here

somewhere else

ELT

abbr.

English Language Teaching英语教育

ELT

abbr.

English Language Teaching, 英语教育

ELT

ELT
ELT is the teaching of English to people whose first language is not English. ELT is an abbreviation for `English Language Teaching'. (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

elucidate

[D.J.:ɪˈlu:sɪˌdeɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˈlusɪˌdet]

vt.

阐明,解释

elucidation

n.

elucidation

n.

说明,阐明

elucidate

1. elucidate elucidates elucidating elucidated
If you elucidate something, you make it clear and easy to understand. (FORMAL)

- Haig went on to elucidate his personal principle of war.

- There was no need for him to elucidate.

VB
= clarify

2. elucidation

- ...Gerald's attempts at elucidation.

N-UNCOUNT

elucidate

verb

clarify

clear up

explain

explicate

expound

illuminate

illustrate

make plain

shed or throw light upon

spell out

elude

[D.J.:ɪˈlu:d]

[K.K.:ɪˈlud]

vt.

规避;躲避

elude *

1. elude eludes eluding eluded
If something that you want eludes you, you fail to obtain it.

- Sleep eluded her.

- At 62, Brian found the celebrity and status that had eluded him for so long.

VB: no passive
= escape

2. elude eludes eluding eluded
If you elude someone or something, you avoid them or escape from them.

- He eluded the police for 13 years.

VB
= escape

3. elude eludes eluding eluded
If a fact or idea eludes you, you do not succeed in understanding it, realizing it, or remembering it.

- The appropriate word eluded him.

VB: no passive
= escape

elude

verb

1.

escape

avoid

dodge

duck informal

evade

flee

get away from

outrun

2.

baffle

be beyond (someone)

confound

escape

foil

frustrate

puzzle

stump

thwart

elusive

[D.J.:ɪˈlu:sɪv, -zɪv]

[K.K.:ɪˈlusɪv, -zɪv]

adj.

难以捉摸的;难以找到的;不易记住的

elusive *

1. elusive
Something or someone that is elusive is difficult to find, describe, remember, or achieve.

- In London late-night taxis are elusive and far from cheap.

ADJ-GRADED

2. elusiveness

- ...the elusiveness of her character.

N-UNCOUNT

elusive

adjective

1.

difficult to catch

shifty

slippery

tricky

2.

indefinable

fleeting

intangible

subtle

transient

transitory

em-

pref.

表示“使、使成为”之义;表示“使处于…状态”之义

em-

em-
Em- is a form of en- that is used before b-, m-, and p-.

- The person who embodies democracy at the local level is the mayor.

- I want to empower the businessman.

PREFIX

emaciated

[D.J.:ɪˈmeɪsɪeɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ɪˈmesɪetɪd]

adj.

瘦弱的；憔悴的

emaciated

emaciated
A person or animal that is emaciated is extremely thin and weak because of illness or lack of food.

- ...horrific television pictures of emaciated prisoners.

ADJ-GRADED

emaciated

adjective

skeletal

cadaverous

gaunt

haggard

lean

pinched

scrawny

thin

undernourished

wasted

e-mail

n.

电子邮件

e-mail

1. e-mail e-mails
E-mail is a system of sending written messages electronically from one computer to another. E-mail is an abbreviation of `electronic mail'.

- You can contact us by e-mail.

- Do you want to send an E-mail?.

- First you need to get an e-mail address.

N-VAR also E-mail , email

2. e-mail
If you e-mail someone, you send them an e-mail.

- Jamie e-mailed me to say he couldn't come.

VERB also E-mail , email

emanate

[D.J.:ˈeməˌneɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɛməˌnet]

vi.

从…处传出;传出

emanate *

1. emanate emanates emanating emanated
If a quality emanates from you, or if you emanate a quality, you give people a strong sense that you have that quality. (FORMAL)

- Intelligence and cunning emanated from him.

- He emanates sympathy.

V-ERG
= radiate

2. emanate emanates emanating emanated
If something emanates from somewhere, it comes from there. (FORMAL)

- The heady aroma of wood fires emanated from the stove.

- ...reports emanating from America.

VB

emanate

verb

flow

arise

come forth

derive

emerge

issue

originate

proceed

spring

stem

emanation

[D.J.:ˌeməˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛməˈneʃən]

n.

发射, 散发

发射物, 散发物, 显示出的气质(尤指美德、品质等)

(由衰变产生的)射气

emanation

emanation emanations
An emanation is a form of energy or a mass of tiny particles that comes from something. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

emancipate

[D.J.:ɪˈmænsəˌpeɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˈmænsəˌpet]

vt.

解放某人(尤指摆脱政治、法律或社会的束缚)

emancipated

[iˈmænsipeitid]

adj.

被解放的,不受约束的

emancipation

[D.J.:ɪˌmænsəˈpeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˌmænsəˈpeʃən]

n.

(从束缚、支配下)解放

emancipate *

1. emancipate emancipates emancipating emancipated
If people are emancipated , they are freed from unpleasant or unfair social, political, or legal restrictions. (FORMAL)

- Catholics were emancipated in 1792.

- That war preserved the Union and emancipated the slaves.

- Newly emancipated states in Eastern Europe want to join the European Community.

VB
= liberate

2. emancipation

- ...the emancipation of women.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

emancipated

emancipated
If you describe someone as emancipated , you mean that they behave in a less restricted way than is traditional in their society.

- She is an emancipated woman.

ADJ-GRADED
= liberated

emancipate

verb

free

deliver

liberate

release

set free

unchain

unfetter

emancipation

noun

freedom

deliverance

liberation

liberty

release

emasculate

[D.J.:iˈmæskjuleit]

[K.K.:ɪˈmæskjəˌlet]

vt.

阉割,使柔弱,删削,使无力

adj.

阉割了的,柔弱的

emasculated

adj.

去势的,柔弱的,被阉割的

emasculation

n.

阉割,柔弱,去势

emasculate

1. emasculate emasculates emasculating emasculated
If someone or something is emasculated , they have been made weak and ineffective.

- Left-wing dissidents have been emasculated and marginalised.

- The company tried to emasculate the unions.

- Since Japan's defeat, the military has remained largely emasculated.

VB disapproval
= weaken

2. emasculation

- ...the emasculation of fundamental freedoms.

N-UNCOUNT

3. emasculate emasculates emasculating emasculated
If a man is emasculated , he loses his male role, identity, or qualities.

- Tosh was known to be a man who feared no-one, yet he was clearly emasculated by his girlfriend.

VB: usu passive disapproval

embalm

[D.J.:emˈbɑ:m]

[K.K.:ɛmˈbɑm]

vt.

①保存(尸体)不腐

使不被遗忘

使充满香气

embalmed

用防腐药物保存(尸体)的

embalm

1. embalm embalms embalming embalmed
If a dead person is embalmed , their body is preserved using special substances.

- His body was embalmed.

- ...the embalmed body of Lenin.

VB: usu passive

2. embalming

- People often look different after embalming.

N-UNCOUNT

embalm

verb

preserve

mummify

embankment

[D.J.:emˈbæŋkmənt]

[K.K.:ɛmˈbæŋkmənt]

n.

(道路的)路堤;(河流的)岸堤

embankment *

embankment embankments
An embankment is a thick wall of earth that is built to carry a road or railway over an area of low ground, or to prevent water from a river or the sea from flooding the area.

- They climbed a steep embankment.

- ...a railway embankment.

- ...Victoria Embankment.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

embargo

[D.J.:emˈbɑ:ɡəu]

[K.K.:ɛmˈbɑrɡo]

n.

贸易禁运令; 禁运

vt.

禁止贸易; 禁运

embargo **

1. embargo embargoes
If one country or group of countries imposes an embargo against another, it forbids trade with that country.

- The United Nations imposed an arms embargo against the country.

- He has called on the government to lift its embargo on trade with Vietnam.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= ban

2. embargo embargoes embargoing embargoed
If goods of a particular kind are embargoed , people are not allowed to import them from a particular country or export them to a particular country.

- The fruit was embargoed.

- They embargoed oil shipments to the U.S.

- A lot of embargoed goods were still crossing the border.

VB
= ban

embargo

noun

1.

ban

bar

boycott

interdiction

prohibition

restraint

restriction

stoppage

verb

2.

ban

bar

block

boycott

prohibit

restrict

stop

embark

[D.J.:imˈbɑ:k]

[K.K.:ɛmˈbɑrk]

vi.

乘船

vt.

装载

embarkation

[ˌembɑ:ˈkeiʃən]

n.

装载,从事

embark **

1. embark embarks embarking embarked
If you embark on something new, difficult, or exciting, you start doing it.

- He's embarking on a new career as a writer.

- The government embarked on a programme of radical economic reform.

VB

2. embark embarks embarking embarked
When someone embarks on a ship, they go on board before the start of a journey.

- They travelled to Portsmouth, where they embarked on the battle cruiser HMS Renown.

- Bob ordered brigade HQ to embark.

VB

3. embarkation

- Embarkation was scheduled for just after 4 pm.

N-UNCOUNT

embark

verb

1.

go aboard

board ship

take ship

embark on or upon

2.

begin

commence

enter

launch

plunge into

set about

set out

start

take up

embarrass

[D.J.:imˈbærəs]

[K.K.:ɛmˈbærəs]

vt. & vi.

(使)窘迫; (使)局促不安

(使)困难

vt.

使复杂化

使拮据

embarrassed

[D.J.:ɪmˈbærəst]

[K.K.:ɪmˈbærəst]

adj.

局促不安的；为难的；尴尬的

窘迫的；陷入困境的；拮据的

embarrassing

[D.J.:ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ]

[K.K.: ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ]

adj.

使人尴尬的,令人为难的

embarrassingly

[imˈbærəsiŋli]

adv.

使人尴尬地;使人为难地;使人难堪地

embarrass *

1. embarrass embarrasses embarrassing embarrassed
If something or someone embarrasses you, they make you feel shy or ashamed.

- His clumsiness embarrassed him.

- It embarrassed him that he had no idea of what was going on.

VB

2. embarrass embarrasses embarrassing embarrassed
If something embarrasses a politician or political party, it causes problems for them.

- The Republicans are trying to embarrass the president by thwarting his economic program.

- The Government has been embarrassed by the affair.

VB

embarrassed **

embarrassed
A person who is embarrassed feels shy, ashamed, or guilty about something.

- He looked a bit embarrassed.

- ...an embarrassed silence.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

embarrassing **

1. embarrassing
Something that is embarrassing makes you feel shy or ashamed.

- That was an embarrassing situation for me.

- Men find it embarrassing to be honest.

ADJ-GRADED
= uncomfortable awkward

2. embarrassingly

- The lyrics of the song are embarrassingly banal.

- Stephens had beaten him embarrassingly easily.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/adv

3. embarrassing
Something that is embarrassing to a politician or a political party causes problems for them.

- He has put the Bonn government in an embarrassing position.

- The speech was deeply embarrassing to Cabinet ministers.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

embarrass

verb

shame

discomfit

disconcert

distress

fluster

humiliate

mortify

show up informal

embarrassed

adjective

ashamed

awkward

blushing

discomfited

disconcerted

humiliated

mortified

red-faced

self-conscious

sheepish

embarrassing

adjective

humiliating

awkward

compromising

discomfiting

disconcerting

mortifying

sensitive

shameful

toe-curling informal

uncomfortable

embarrassment

[D.J.:emˈbærəsmənt]

[K.K.:ɛmˈbærəsmənt]

n.

尴尬;难堪;局促不安

令人难堪或耻辱的事

an embarrassment of riches

富人的苦恼；好东西太多无法作选择

embarrassment **

1. embarrassment embarrassments
Embarrassment is the feeling you have when you are embarrassed.

- It is a source of embarrassment to Londoners that the standard of pubs is so low.

- I think I would have died of embarrassment.

- We apologise for any embarrassment this may have caused.

N-VAR: oft N prep

2. embarrassment embarrassments
An embarrassment is an action, event, or situation which causes problems for a politician, political party, government, or other public group.

- The poverty figures were undoubtedly an embarrassment to the president.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. embarrassment
If you refer to a person as an embarrassment , you mean that you disapprove of them but cannot avoid your connection with them.

- You have been an embarrassment to us from the day Douglas married you.

N-SING: a N disapproval

4. embarrassment
If you say that someone has an embarrassment of riches , you mean that they have so many good things that these things are a problem.

- The art gallery's problem is an embarrassment of riches, with nowhere to put most of them.

PHR

embarrassment

noun

1.

shame

awkwardness

bashfulness

distress

humiliation

mortification

self-consciousness

showing up informal

2.

predicament

bind informal

difficulty

mess

pickle informal

scrape informal

embassy

[D.J.:ˈembəsi]

[K.K.:ˈɛmbəsi]

n.

大使馆

大使馆全体成员

embassy ***

embassy embassies
An embassy is a group of government officials, headed by an ambassador, who represent their government in a foreign country. The building in which they work is also called an embassy .

- The American Embassy has already complained.

- Mr Cohen held discussions at the embassy with one of the rebel leaders.

N-COUNT: oft the adj N

embattled

[D.J.:imˈbætld]

[K.K.:ɛmˈbætld]

adj.

(与敌人或批评者)处于交战中的; 受围攻的

embattled *

1. embattled
If you describe a person, group, or organization as embattled , you mean that they are having a lot of problems or difficulties.

- The embattled president also denied recent claims that he was being held hostage by his own soldiers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= beleaguered

2. embattled
An embattled area is one that is involved in the fighting in a war, especially one that is surrounded by enemy forces.

- Both sides say they want to try to reach a political settlement in the embattled north and east of the island.

ADJ: ADJ n

embed

[D.J.:imˈbed]

[K.K.:ɛmˈbɛd]

vt.

把…嵌入, 埋入

embedded

[emˈbedid]

adj.

植入的,深入的,内含的

embedding

[emˈbediŋ]

埋入,埋藏

embed *

1. embed embeds embedding embedded
If an object embeds itself in a substance or thing, it becomes fixed there firmly and deeply.

- One of the bullets passed through Andrea's chest before embedding itself in a wall.

VB

2. embedded

- The fossils at Dinosaur Cove are embedded in hard sandstones.

- There is glass embedded in the cut.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ in n

3. embed embeds embedding embedded
If something such as an attitude or feeling is embedded in a society or system, or in someone's personality, it becomes a permanent and noticeable feature of it.

- This agreement will be embedded in a state treaty to be signed soon by Bonn and East Berlin.

VB: usu passive

4. embedded

- I think that hatred of the other is deeply embedded in our society.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ in n

embellish

[D.J.:emˈbelɪʃ]

[K.K.:ɛmˈbɛlɪʃ]

vt.

美化;装饰;修饰;润色

embellish *

1. embellish embellishes embellishing embellished
If something is embellished with decorative features or patterns, it has those features or patterns on it and they make it look more attractive.

- The stern was embellished with carvings in red and blue.

- Ivy leaves embellish the front of the dresser.

- Embellish basic covers and curtains with borders, ties and fringing.

VB

2. embellish embellishes embellishing embellished
If you embellish a story, you make it more interesting by adding details which may be untrue.

- I launched into the parable, embellishing the story with invented dialogue and extra details.

- Irving popularized the story in a dramatic and embellished account.

VB

embellish

verb

decorate

adorn

beautify

elaborate

embroider

enhance

enrich

festoon

ornament

embellishment

[D.J.:imˈbeliʃmənt]

[K.K.:ɛmˈbɛlɪʃmənt]

n.

装饰,修饰,润色

embellishment

embellishment embellishments
An embellishment is a decoration added to something to make it seem more attractive or interesting.

- ...Renaissance embellishments...

- Florence is full of public buildings with little bits of decoration and embellishment.

N-VAR

embellishment

noun

decoration

adornment

elaboration

embroidery

enhancement

enrichment

exaggeration

ornament

ornamentation

ember

[D.J.:ˈembə]

[K.K.:ˈɛmbɚ]

n.

余烬,余火

ember

ember embers
The embers of a fire are small pieces of wood or coal that remain and glow with heat after the fire has finished burning.
N-COUNT: usu pl

embezzle

[D.J.:emˈbezəl]

[K.K.:ɛmˈbɛzəl]

vt. & vi.

贪污;盗用(公款)

embezzle

embezzle embezzles embezzling embezzled
If someone embezzles money that their organization or company has placed in their care, they take it and use it illegally for their own purposes.

- One former director embezzled $34 million in company funds.

VB

embezzle

verb

misappropriate

appropriate

filch

misuse

peculate

pilfer

purloin

rip off slang

steal

embezzlement

[D.J.:ɪmˈbezlmənt]

n.

盗用,挪用

embezzlement *

embezzlement
Embezzlement is the crime of embezzling money.
N-UNCOUNT

embezzlement

noun

misappropriation

appropriation

filching

fraud

misuse

peculation

pilfering

stealing

theft

embittered

embittered
If someone is embittered , they feel angry and unhappy because of harsh, unpleasant, and unfair things that have happened to them.

- He had turned into an embittered, hardened adult.

- Gerald turned sour and embittered when he felt people were not dealing honestly with him.

ADJ-GRADED

embittered

adjective

resentful

angry

bitter

disaffected

disillusioned

rancorous

soured

with a chip on one's shoulder informal

emblazoned

emblazoned
If something is emblazoned with a design, words, or letters, they are clearly drawn, printed, or sewn on it.

- The republic's new flag was emblazoned with the ancient symbol of the Greek Macedonian dynasty.

- Jackie was sporting a T-shirt with `Mustique' emblazoned on it.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n, ADJ on/across n

emblem

[D.J.:ˈembləm]

[K.K.:ˈɛmbləm]

n.

象征;标记

emblem *

1. emblem emblems
An emblem is a design representing a country or organization.

- ...the emblem of the Soviet Union.

- ...the Red Cross emblem.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. emblem emblems
An emblem is something that represents a quality or idea.

- The eagle was an emblem of strength and courage.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= symbol

emblem

noun

symbol

badge

crest

image

insignia

mark

sign

token

emblematic

[D.J.:ˌembləˈmætɪk]

[K.K.:ˌɛmbləˈmætɪk]

adj.

象征的;可当标志的

emblematic

1. emblematic
If something, such as an object in a picture, is emblematic of a particular quality or an idea, it symbolically represents the quality or idea.

- Dogs are emblematic of faithfulness.

- In some works, flowers take on a powerful emblematic quality.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ of n
= symbolic

2. emblematic
If you say that something is emblematic of a state of affairs, you mean that it is characteristic of it and represents its most typical features.

- The killing in Pensacola is emblematic of a lot of the violence that is happening around the world.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ of n
= representative

embodiment

[D.J.:emˈbɔdi:mənt, ɪm-]

[K.K.:ɛmˈbɑdimənt, ɪm-]

n.

体现;化身

embodiment *

embodiment
If you say that someone or something is the embodiment of a quality or idea, you mean that that is their most noticeable characteristic or the basis of all they do. (FORMAL)

- A baby is the embodiment of vulnerability.

N-SING: usu the N of n

embodiment

noun

personification

epitome

example

exemplar

expression

incarnation

representation

symbol

embody

[D.J.:imˈbɔdi]

[K.K.:ɛmˈbɑdi]

vt.

表现, 象征, 具体表现

包括; 包含

embody *

1. embody embodies embodying embodied
To embody an idea or quality means to be a symbol or expression of that idea or quality.

- Jack Kennedy embodied all the hopes of the 1960s.

- For twenty-nine years, Checkpoint Charlie embodied the Cold War.

- That stability was embodied in the Gandhi family.

VB
= represent

2. embody embodies embodying embodied
If something is embodied in a particular thing, the second thing contains or consists of the first.

- The proposal has been embodied in a draft resolution.

- UK employment law embodies arbitration and conciliation mechanisms for settling industrial disputes.

- ...In the British system the executive is supposedly embodied by the Crown and the legislative by Parliament

VB

embody

verb

1.

personify

exemplify

manifest

represent

stand for

symbolize

typify

2.

incorporate

collect

combine

comprise

contain

include

embolden

[D.J.:emˈbəʊldən]

[K.K.:ɛmˈboldən]

vt.

鼓励,使有胆量

emboldening

加深

embolden

embolden emboldens emboldening emboldened
If you are emboldened by something, it makes you feel confident enough to behave in a particular way.

- The Prime Minister was steadily emboldened by the discovery that he faced no opposition.

- Four days of non-stop demonstrations have emboldened the anti-government protesters.

VB

embolden

verb

encourage

fire

inflame

invigorate

rouse

stimulate

stir

strengthen

embolism

[D.J.:ˈembəlizəm]

[K.K.:ˈɛmbəˌlɪzəm]

n.

加闰日；栓塞,栓子

embolism

embolism embolisms
An embolism is a serious medical condition that occurs when an artery becomes blocked, usually by a blood clot.

- He died from a pulmonary embolism.

N-COUNT: oft adj N

embossed

embossed
If a surface such as paper or wood is embossed with a design, the design stands up slightly from the surface.

- The paper on the walls was pale gold, embossed with swirling leaf designs.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n

embrace

[D.J.:imˈbreis]

[K.K.:ɛmˈbres]

vt. & vi.

拥抱

vt.

包括; 包含

接受

信奉, 皈依

n.

拥抱, 怀抱

embrace **

1. embrace embraces embracing embraced
If you embrace someone, you put your arms around them and hold them tightly, usually in order to show your love or affection for them. You can also say that two people embrace .

- Penelope came forward and embraced her sister.

- At first people were sort of crying for joy and embracing each other.

- He threw his arms round her and they embraced passionately.

V-RECIP
= hug

2. embrace embraces
Also a noun.

- ...a young couple locked in an embrace.

N-COUNT

3. embrace embraces embracing embraced
If you embrace a change, political system, or idea, you accept it and start supporting it or believing in it. (FORMAL)

- He embraces the new information age.

- The new rules have been embraced by government watchdog organizations.

VB

4. embrace
Also a noun.

- The marriage signalled James's embrace of the Catholic faith.

N-SING: usu with supp

5. embrace embraces embracing embraced
If something embraces a group of people, things, or ideas, it includes them in a larger group or category. (FORMAL)

- ...a theory that would embrace the whole field of human endeavour.

VB

embrace

verb

1.

hug

clasp

cuddle

envelop

hold

seize

squeeze

take or hold in one's arms

2.

accept

adopt

espouse

seize

take on board

take up

welcome

3.

include

comprehend

comprise

contain

cover

encompass

involve

take in

noun

4.

hug

clasp

clinch slang

cuddle

squeeze

embroider

[D.J.:emˈbrɔɪdə]

[K.K.:ɛmˈbrɔɪdɚ]

vt. & vi.

(在织物上)绣花;刺绣

embroidering

绣花

embroider *

1. embroider embroiders embroidering embroidered
If something such as clothing or cloth is embroidered with a design, the design is stitched into it.

- The collar was embroidered with very small red strawberries.

- Matilda was embroidering an altar cloth covered with flowers and birds.

- I have a pillow with my name embroidered on it.

- ...hand embroidered tablecloths.

VB

2. embroider embroiders embroidering embroidered
If you embroider a story or account of something, or if you embroider on it, you try to make it more interesting by adding details which may be untrue.

- He told some lies and sometimes just embroidered the truth.

- She embroidered on this theme for about ten minutes.

VB

embroidery

[D.J.:imˈbrɔidəri]

[K.K.:ɛmˈbrɔɪdəri]

n.

刺绣; 刺绣品

embroidery *

1. embroidery embroideries
Embroidery consists of designs stitched into cloth.

- The shorts had blue embroidery over the pockets.

- The panel contains an embroidery.

N-VAR

2. embroidery
Embroidery is the activity of stitching designs onto cloth.

- She learned sewing, knitting and embroidery.

N-UNCOUNT

embroil

[D.J.:emˈbrɔɪl]

[K.K.:ɛmˈbrɔɪl]

vt.

使(自己或他人)卷入纠纷

embroil

embroil embroils embroiling embroiled
If someone embroils you in a fight or an argument, they get you deeply involved in it.

- Any hostilities could result in retaliation and further embroil U.N. troops in fighting.

VB

embroiled *

1. embroiled
If you become embroiled in a fight or argument, you become deeply involved in it.

- The Government insisted that troops would not become embroiled in battles in Bosnia.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ in n

2. embroiled
If you become embroiled with a person, you become involved in a relationship with them that causes you problems.

- As Smith became embroiled with his new lover, the marriage was called off.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n

embroil

verb

involve

enmesh

ensnare

entangle

implicate

incriminate

mire

mix up

embryo

[D.J.:ˈembriəu]

[K.K.:ˈɛmbriˌo]

n.

〈生〉胚, 胚胎

embryos

[ˈembriəuz]

n.

晶胚

embryo **

1. embryo embryos
An embryo is an unborn animal or human being in the very early stages of development.

- The embryo lives in the amniotic cavity.

- ...the remarkable resilience of very young embryos.

N-COUNT

2. embryo
An embryo idea, system, or organization is in the very early stages of development, but is expected to grow stronger.

- They are an embryo party of government.

- It was an embryo idea rather than a fully worked proposal.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. embryo
Something that is in embryo is at a very early stage of its development.

- These developments were foreseen in embryo more than a decade ago.

PHR: v-link PHR

embryo

noun

germ

beginning

nucleus

root

rudiment

embryologist

[ˌembriˈɔlədʒist]

n.

胚胎学家

embryology

[D.J.:ˌembriˈɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:ˌɛmbriˈɑlədʒi]

n.

胚胎学

embryology

1. embryology
Embryology is the scientific study of embryos and their development.
N-UNCOUNT

2. embryologist

- ...a genetic embryologist at the hospital.

N-COUNT

3. embryological

- ...the early stages of embryological development.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

embryonic

[D.J.:ˌembri:ˈɔnɪk]

[K.K.:ˌɛmbriˈɑnɪk]

adj.

胚芽的;胎儿的

初期的

embryonic

embryonic
An embryonic process, idea, organization, or organism is one at a very early stage in its development. (FORMAL)

- ...Romania's embryonic democracy.

- ...the embryonic European central bank.

- ...embryonic plant cells.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

emcee

[D.J.:ˈemˈsi:]

[K.K.:ˈɛmˈsi]

vt.

担任…的主持人,主持

n.

司仪,主持人

emcee

1. emcee emcees
An emcee is the same as a master of ceremonies . (AM)
N-COUNT

2. emcee emcees emceeing emceed
To emcee an event or performance something means to act as master of ceremonies for it. (AM)

- I'm going to be emceeing a costume contest.

- That first night I emceed I was absolutely terrified.

VB

emerald

[D.J.:ˈemərəld, ˈemrəld]

[K.K.:ˈɛmərəld, ˈɛmrəld]

n.

祖母绿;绿宝石;艳绿色

emerald *

1. emerald emeralds
An emerald is a precious stone which is clear and bright green.
N-COUNT

2. emerald emeralds
Something that is emerald is bright green in colour.

- ...an emerald valley.

COLOUR

emerge

[D.J.:iˈmə:dʒ]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɚdʒ]

vi.

出现; 显出; 暴露

emerge ****

1. emerge emerges emerging emerged
To emerge means to come out from an enclosed or dark space such as a room or a vehicle, or from a position where you could not be seen.

- Richard was waiting outside the door as she emerged.

- The postman emerged from his van soaked to the skin.

- ...holes made by the emerging adult beetle.

VB

2. emerge emerges emerging emerged
If you emerge from a difficult or bad experience, you come to the end of it.

- There is growing evidence that the economy is at last emerging from recession.

- ...their plans to emerge from bankruptcy by February of next year.

VB

3. emerge emerges emerging emerged
If a fact or result emerges from a period of thought, discussion, or investigation, it becomes known as a result of it.

- ...the growing corruption that has emerged in the past few years...

- It soon emerged that neither the July nor August mortgage repayment had been collected.

- The emerging caution over numbers is perhaps only to be expected.

VB

4. emerge emerges emerging emerged
If someone or something emerges as a particular thing, they become recognized as that thing. (JOURNALISM)

- Mr Shevardnadze emerged as a major figure in the reform movement.

- Vietnam has emerged as the world's third-biggest rice exporter.

- New leaders have emerged.

VB

5. emerge emerges emerging emerged
When something such as an organization or an industry emerges , it comes into existence. (JOURNALISM)

- ...the new republic that emerged in October 1917.

- ...the emerging democracies of Eastern Europe.

VB

emerge

verb

1.

come into view

appear

arise

come forth

emanate

issue

rise

spring up

surface

2.

become apparent

become known

come out

come out in the wash

come to light

crop up

transpire

emergence

[D.J.:ɪˈmɜ:dʒəns]

[K.K.:ɪˈmə..dʒəns]

n.

出来;现出;出现;暴露

emergence **

emergence
The emergence of something is the process or event of its coming into existence.

- ...the emergence of new democracies in East and Central Europe.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, usu N of n

emergence

noun

coming

advent

appearance

arrival

development

materialization

rise

emergencies

n.

紧急事件,紧急需要

emergency

[D.J.:iˈmə:dʒənsi]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɚdʒənsi]

n.

紧急情况, 不测事件, 非常时刻

emergency ****

1. emergency emergencies
An emergency is an unexpected and difficult or dangerous situation, especially an accident, which happens suddenly and which requires quick action to deal with it.

- He deals with emergencies promptly.

- The hospital will cater only for emergencies.

N-COUNT
= crisis

2. emergency
An emergency action is one that is done or arranged quickly and not in the normal way, because an emergency has occurred.

- The Prime Minister has called an emergency meeting of parliament.

- She made an emergency appointment.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. emergency
Emergency equipment or supplies are those intended for use in an emergency.

- The plane is carrying emergency supplies for refugees.

- They escaped through an emergency exit and called the police.

ADJ: ADJ n

emergency

noun

crisis

danger

difficulty

extremity

necessity

plight

predicament

quandary

scrape informal

emergency brake

emergency brake emergency brakes
In a vehicle, the emergency brake is a brake which the driver operates with his or her hand, and uses, for example, in emergencies or when parking. (mainly AM; in BRIT use handbrake )
N-COUNT

emergency room

emergency room emergency rooms
The emergency room is the room or department in a hospital where people who have severe injuries or sudden illness are taken for emergency treatment. The abbreviation ER is often used. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use casualty or A & E )
N-COUNT

emergency services *

emergency services
The emergency services are the public organizations whose job is to take quick action to deal with emergencies when they occur, especially the fire brigade, the police, and the ambulance service.
N-PLURAL: usu the N

emergent

[D.J.:iˈmə:dʒənt]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɚdʒənt]

adj.

紧急的,浮现的,突然出现的,自然发生的

emergent

emergent
An emergent country, political movement, or social group is one that is becoming powerful or coming into existence. (WRITTEN)

- ...an emergent state.

- ...an emergent nationalist movement.

ADJ: ADJ n

emeritus

[D.J.:i(:)ˈmeritəs]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɛrɪtəs]

adj.

名誉退休的,退休的

emeritus

emeritus
Emeritus is used with a professional title to indicate that the person bearing it has retired but keeps the title as an honour.

- ...emeritus professor of physics...

- He will continue as chairman emeritus.

ADJ: ADJ n, n ADJ

emetic

[D.J.:ɪˈmetɪk]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɛtɪk]

adj.

催吐的

n.

催吐药

emetic

1. emetic emetics
An emetic is something that is given to someone to swallow, in order to make them vomit.
N-COUNT

2. emetic
Something that is emetic makes you vomit.

- Caution: large doses of this remedy are emetic.

ADJ

emigrant

[D.J.:ˈemɪgrənt]

[K.K.:ˈɛmɪɡrənt]

n.

(从本国移往他国的)移民

emigrant *

emigrant emigrants
An emigrant is a person who has left their own country to live in another country. Compare immigrant .
N-COUNT

emigrate

[D.J.:ˈemiɡreit]

[K.K.:ˈɛmɪˌɡret]

vt.

移居国外

emigration

[D.J.:ˌemɪˈgreɪʃɵn]

[K.K.:ˌɛmɪˈɡreʃən]

n.

移居外国；迁移出境

(总称)移民

emigrate **

1. emigrate emigrates emigrating emigrated
If you emigrate , you leave your own country to live in another country.

- He emigrated to Belgium.

- They planned to emigrate.

VB

2. emigration

- ...the huge emigration of workers to the West.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

emigrate

verb

move abroad

migrate

move

emigration

noun

departure

exodus

migration

´emigr´e *

´emigr´e ´emigr´es
An ´emigr´e is someone who has left their own country and lives in a different country for political reasons.

- Several hundred Bosnian refugees and emigres demonstrated outside the main entrance.

- ...a Polish ´emigr´e family.

N-COUNT also emigre .
= immigrant

eminence

[D.J.:ˈemənəns]

[K.K.:ˈɛmənəns]

n.

卓越;著名

高地;山丘

eminence *

1. eminence
Eminence is the quality of being very well-known and highly respected.

- Many of the pilots were to achieve eminence in the aeronautical world.

- Beveridge was a man of great eminence.

N-UNCOUNT

2. eminence
You use expressions such as Your Eminence or His Eminence when you are addressing or referring to a Roman Catholic cardinal.

- `Your Eminence,' Pantieri broke in, `I wonder if you would allow me a word.'.

- His Eminence Cardinal Hume celebrated Mass.

N-VOC: poss N, also PRON: poss PRON

eminence

noun

prominence

distinction

esteem

fame

greatness

importance

note

prestige

renown

repute

eminent

[D.J.:ˈeminənt]

[K.K.:ˈɛmənənt]

adj.

(人)知名的; 受人尊崇的

eminent *

eminent
An eminent person is well-known and respected, especially because they are good at their profession.

- ...an eminent scientist.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

eminent

adjective

prominent

celebrated

distinguished

esteemed

famous

high-ranking

illustrious

noted

renowned

well-known

eminently

[D.J.:ˈeminəntli]

adv.

(气质或才能)很;非常

eminently *

eminently
You use eminently in front of an adjective describing a positive quality in order to emphasize the quality expressed by that adjective.

- His books on diplomatic history were eminently readable.

- His family was eminently respectable.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed emphasis
= highly very

emir

[D.J.:eˈmiə]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɪr, eˈmɪr]

n.

(尤指亚洲和非洲部分国家的)穆斯林统治者; 埃米尔

emir *

emir emirs
An emir is a Muslim ruler.

- ...the Emir of Kuwait.

N-COUNT: usu the N

emirate

[D.J.:eˈmiərit]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɪrɪt, -ˌet]

n.

埃米尔的地位或国家、权力、土地; 酋长国

emirate *

emirate emirates
An emirate is a country that is ruled by an emir.
N-COUNT: oft in names

emissary

[D.J.:ˈemɪˌseri:]

[K.K.:ˈɛmɪˌsɛri]

n.

(外交上的)使者

emissary

emissary emissaries
An emissary is a representative sent by one government or leader to another. (FORMAL)

- ...the President's special emissary to Hanoi.

N-COUNT

emission

[D.J.:ɪˈmɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɪʃən]

n.

①排放物,散发物(尤指气体)

排放,散发,发出(气体、光、热)

emission **

emission emissions
An emission of something such as gas or radiation is the release of it into the atmosphere. (FORMAL)

- The emission of gases such as carbon dioxide should be stabilised at their present level.

- Sulfur emissions from steel mills become acid rain.

N-VAR

emission

noun

giving off or out

discharge

ejaculation

ejection

exhalation

radiation

shedding

transmission

emit

[D.J.:iˈmit]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɪt]

vt.

发出; 放出

emitting

发射

emit *

1. emit emits emitting emitted
If something emits heat, light, gas, or a smell, it produces it and sends it out by means of a physical or chemical process. (FORMAL)

- The new device emits a powerful circular column of light.

- ...the amount of carbon dioxide emitted.

VB

2. emit emits emitting emitted
To emit a sound or noise means to produce it. (FORMAL)

- Polly blinked and emitted a long, low whistle.

VB

emit

verb

give off

cast out

discharge

eject

emanate

exude

radiate

send out

transmit

emollient

[D.J.:ɪˈmɔljənt]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɑljənt]

adj.

使柔软的

安慰性的, 起镇静作用的

n.

润滑剂, 润肤剂

emollient

1. emollient emollients
An emollient is a liquid or cream which you put on your skin to make it softer or to reduce pain. (FORMAL)
N-MASS

2. emollient
An emollient cream or other substance makes your skin softer or reduces pain. (FORMAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

3. emollient
An emollient person or emollient speech tries to make things calm and reduce conflict. (FORMAL)

- The central character is a deceptively emollient senior figure in a Conservative Government.

ADJ-GRADED

emolument

[D.J.:ɪˈmɔljəmənt]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɑljəmənt]

n.

报酬,薪水

emoluments

津贴;报酬

emolument

emolument emoluments
Emoluments are money or other forms of payment which a person receives for doing work. (FORMAL)

- He could earn up to £1m a year in salary and emoluments from many directorships.

N-COUNT: usu pl

emotion

[D.J.:iˈməuʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˈmoʃən]

n.

情感, 感情, 激情

emotion ***

1. emotion emotions
An emotion is a feeling such as happiness, love, fear, anger, or hatred, which can be caused by the situation that you are in or the people you are with.

- Happiness was an emotion that Reynolds was having to relearn.

- Her voice trembled with emotion.

N-VAR
= feeling

2. emotion
Emotion is the part of a person's character that consists of their feelings, as opposed to their thoughts.

- ...the split between reason and emotion.

N-UNCOUNT

emotion

noun

feeling

ardour

excitement

fervour

passion

sensation

sentiment

vehemence

warmth

emotional

[D.J.:iˈməuʃənl]

[K.K.:ɪˈmoʃənəl]

adj.

表现强烈情感的, 令人动情的

易动感情的, 情绪激动的

感情的, 情绪的

emotionally

[D.J.:ɪˈməʊʃənlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪˈmoʃən l..ɪ]

adv.

感情上;情绪上;冲动地

emotional ***

1. emotional
Emotional means concerned with emotions and feelings.

- I needed this man's love, and the emotional support he was giving me.

- Victims are left with emotional problems that can last for life.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= psychological

2. emotionally

- Are you saying that you're becoming emotionally involved with me?

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

3. emotional
An emotional situation or issue is one that causes people to have strong feelings.

- It's a very emotional issue. How can you advocate selling the ivory from elephants?

ADJ-GRADED
= emotive

4. emotionally

- In an emotionally charged speech, he said he was resigning.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed

5. emotional
If someone is or becomes emotional they show their feelings very openly, especially because they are upset.

- He is a very emotional man.

- I don't get as emotional as I once did.

ADJ-GRADED

emotional

adjective

1.

sensitive

demonstrative

excitable

hot-blooded

passionate

sentimental

temperamental

2.

moving

affecting

emotive

heart-warming

poignant

sentimental

stirring

touching

emotionless

[D.J.:iˈməuʃənlis]

[K.K.:ɪˈmoʃənlɪs]

adj.

不露情感的,没有情感的

emotionless

emotionless
If you describe someone as emotionless , you mean that they do not show any feelings or emotions.

- He stood emotionless as he heard the judge pass sentence.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ emotional

emotive

[D.J.:ɪˈməʊtɪv]

[K.K.:ɪˈmotɪv]

adj.

激起强烈感情的

emotivity

n.

感触性,易感性

emotivity

[iˌməuˈtiviti]

n.

表现感情,激起感情,易动感情

emotive *

emotive
An emotive situation or issue is likely to make people feel strong emotions.

- Embryo research is an emotive issue.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= emotional

emotive

adjective

sensitive

controversial

delicate

touchy

empathetic

[D.J.:ˌempəˈθetik]

[K.K.:ˌɛmpəˈθɛtɪk]

adj.

移情作用的,感情移入的

empathetic

empathetic
Someone who is empathetic has the ability to share another person's feelings or emotions as if they were their own. (FORMAL)

- ...Clinton's skills as an empathetic listener.

ADJ-GRADED

empathize

[D.J.:ˈempəθaiz]

[K.K.:ˈɛmpəˌθaɪz]

v.

移情,神会

empathize

empathize empathizes empathizing empathized
If you empathize with someone, you understand their situation, problems, and feelings, because you have been in a similar situation.

- I clearly empathize with the people who live in those neighborhoods.

- Parents must make use of their natural ability to empathize.

VB (BRIT) also empathise

empathy

[D.J.:ˈempəθi:]

[K.K.:ˈɛmpəθi]

n.

<心>移情作用;同感;共鸣

empathy *

empathy
Empathy is the ability to share another person's feelings and emotions as if they were your own.

- Having begun my life in a children's home I have great empathy with the little ones.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N with/for n

emperor

[D.J.:ˈempərə]

[K.K.:ˈɛmpəɚ]

n.

皇帝, 君主

emperor **

emperor
An emperor is a man who rules an empire or is the head of state in an empire.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

emphases

n.

重点(emphasis的复数形式)

emphasis

[D.J.:ˈemfəsis]

[K.K.:ˈɛmfəsɪs]

n.

强调, 重点

emphasis ***

1. emphasis emphases
Emphasis is special or extra importance that is given to an activity or to a part or aspect of something.

- Too much emphasis is placed on research.

- Grant puts a special emphasis on weather in his paintings.

N-VAR: oft N on n
= stress

2. emphasis emphases
Emphasis is extra force that you put on a syllable, word, or phrase when you are speaking in order to make it seem more important.

- `Of course, Vassios,' Leonidas said with emphasis.

- The emphasis is on the first syllable of the last word.

N-VAR

emphasis

noun

stress

accent

attention

force

importance

priority

prominence

significance

weight

emphasize

[D.J.:ˈemfəsaiz]

[K.K.:ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz]

vt.

强调; 加强语气; 重读

emphasize ***

emphasize emphasizes emphasizing emphasized
To emphasize something means to indicate that it is particularly important or true, or to draw special attention to it.

- But it's also been emphasized that no major policy changes can be expected to come out of the meeting.

- Discuss pollution with your child, emphasizing how nice a clean street, lawn, or park looks.

VB (BRIT) also emphasise

emphasize

verb

stress

accentuate

dwell on

give priority to

highlight

lay stress on

play up

press home

underline

emphatic

[D.J.:imˈfætik]

[K.K.:ɛmˈfætɪk]

adj.

不容置疑的; 明确强调的

emphatic *

1. emphatic
An emphatic response or statement is one made in a forceful way, because the speaker feels very strongly about what they are saying.

- His response was immediate and emphatic.

- I answered both questions with an emphatic `Yes'.

ADJ-GRADED

2. emphatic
If you are emphatic about something, you use forceful language which shows that you feel very strongly about what you are saying.

- The rebels are emphatic that this is not a surrender.

- He is especially emphatic about the value of a precise routine.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ that, ADJ about n

3. emphatic
An emphatic win or victory is one in which the winner has won by a large amount or distance.

- Yesterday's emphatic victory was their fifth in succession.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

emphatic

adjective

forceful

categorical

definite

insistent

positive

pronounced

resounding

unequivocal

unmistakable

vigorous

emphatically

[D.J.:ɪmˈfætɪklɪ]

[K.K.:ɪmˈfætɪklɪ]

adv.

强调地;断然地;明显地

emphatically *

1. emphatically
If you say something emphatically , you say it in a forceful way which shows that you feel very strongly about what you are saying.

- `No fast food', she said emphatically.

- Mr Davies has emphatically denied the charges.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

2. emphatically
You use emphatically to emphasize the statement you are making.

- Making people feel foolish is emphatically not my strategy.

- Politics is most emphatically back on the agenda.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group emphasis

emphysema

[D.J.:ˌemfɪˈsi:mə, -ˈzi:-]

[K.K.:ˌɛmfɪˈsimə, -ˈzi-]

n.

气肿,肺气肿

emphysema

emphysema
Emphysema is a serious medical condition that occurs when the lungs become larger and do not work properly, causing difficulty in breathing.
N-UNCOUNT

empire

[D.J.:ˈempaiə]

[K.K.:ˈɛmˌpaɪr]

n.

帝国

帝权, 绝对支配权

大企业组织

empire ***

1. empire empires
An empire is a number of individual nations that are all controlled by the government or ruler of one particular country.

- ...the Roman Empire.

N-COUNT

2. empire empires
You can refer to a group of companies controlled by one person as an empire .

- ...the big Mondadori publishing empire.

N-COUNT: with supp

empire

noun

kingdom

commonwealth

domain

realm

empirical

[D.J.:emˈpirikəl]

[K.K.:ɛmˈpɪrɪkəl]

adj.

以观察或实验为依据的

empirically

adv.

以经验为主地

empirical *

1. empirical
Empirical evidence or study relies on practical experience rather than theories.

- There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. empirically

- ...empirically based research...

- They approached this part of their task empirically.

ADV: usu ADV adj/-ed, ADV after v

empirical empiric

adjective

first-hand

experiential

experimental

observed

practical

pragmatic

empiricism

[D.J.:emˈpɪərɪˌsɪzəm]

[K.K.:ɛmˈpɪrɪˌsɪzəm]

n.

<哲>实证论;经验主义;经验论

empiricist

adj.

empiricist

[emˈpirisist]

n.

经验主义者,经验论者,庸医

empiricism

1. empiricism
Empiricism is the belief that people should rely on practical experience and experiments, rather than on theories as, a basis for knowledge. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

2. empiricist empiricists

- He was an unswerving empiricist with little time for theory.

N-COUNT

emplacement

[D.J.:imˈpleismənt]

[K.K.:ɛmˈplesmənt]

n.

放列动作,炮兵掩体,炮位,炮台

emplacement

emplacement emplacements
Emplacements are specially prepared positions from which a heavy gun can be fired. (TECHNICAL)

- There are gun emplacements every five-hundred yards along the road.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu supp N

employ

[D.J.:imˈplɔi]

[K.K.:ɛmˈplɔɪ]

vt.

雇用

使用, 利用

n.

雇用, 受雇; 服务

工作, 职业

employ ***

1. employ employs employing employed
If a person or company employs you, they pay you to work for them.

- The company employs 18 staff.

- More than 3,000 local workers are employed in the tourism industry.

- The government counted 27,600,000 employed persons in West Germany.

VB

2. employ employs employing employed
If you employ certain methods, materials, or expressions, you use them.

- The tactics the police are now to employ are definitely uncompromising.

- ...the vocabulary that she employs.

- ...the approaches and methods employed in the study.

VB
= use

3. employ employs employing employed
If your time is employed in doing something, you are using the time you have to do that thing.

- Your time could be usefully employed in attending to professional matters.

- The journalists would be much better employed in trying to explain to us how the astronomical legal costs of the cases can be justified.

VB: usu passive

4. employ
If you are in the employ of someone or something, you work for them.

- Others hinted that he was in the employ of the KGB.

- Those in his employ were careful never to enrage him.

PHR

employ

verb

1.

hire

commission

engage

enlist

retain

take on

2.

keep busy

engage

fill

make use of

occupy

take up

use up

3.

use

apply

bring to bear

exercise

exert

make use of

ply

put to use

utilize

noun

in the employ of

4.

service

employment

engagement

hire

employed

adjective

working

active

busy

engaged

in a job

in employment

in work

occupied

employable

[imˈplɔiəbl]

adj.

称职的,有资格任职的

employable

employable
Someone who is employable has skills or abilities that are likely to make someone want to give them a job.

- People need basic education if they are to become employable.

- ...employable adults.

ADJ-GRADED

employee

[D.J.:ˌemplɔiˈi:]

[K.K.:ɛmˈplɔɪi, ɪm-, ˌɛmplɔɪˈi]

n.

雇工, 雇员

employee ****

employee employees
An employee is a person who is paid to work for an organization or for another person.

- He is an employee of Fuji Bank.

- Many of its employees are women.

- ...a government employee.

N-COUNT

employee

noun

worker

hand

job-holder

staff member

wage-earner

workman

employer

[imˈplɔiə]

n.

雇主

employer ***

employer employers
Your employer is the person or organization that you work for.

- He had been sent to Rome by his employer.

- The telephone company is the country's largest employer.

N-COUNT

employer

noun

boss informal

company

firm

gaffer informal chiefly Brit.

owner

patron

proprietor

employment

[D.J.:imˈplɔimənt]

[K.K.:ɛmˈplɔɪmənt]

n.

雇用, 就业

职业, 工作

使用, 运用

有益的活动

employment ***

1. employment
Employment is the fact of having a paid job.

- She was unable to find employment.

- He regularly drove from his home to his place of employment.

N-UNCOUNT

2. employment
Employment is the fact of employing someone.

- ...the employment of children under nine.

N-UNCOUNT

3. employment
Employment is the work that is available in a country or area.

- ...economic policies designed to secure full employment.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ unemployment

employment

noun

1.

taking on

engagement

enlistment

hire

retaining

2.

use

application

exercise

exertion

utilization

3.

job

line

occupation

profession

trade

vocation

work

employment agency

employment agency employment agencies
An employment agency is a company whose business is to help people to find work and help employers to find the workers they need.
N-COUNT

emporia

商业中心,大百货店

emporium

[D.J.:imˈpɔ:riəm]

[K.K.:ɛmˈpɔriəm, -ˈpor-]

n.

商场,商业中心,大百货商店

emporium

emporium emporiums or emporia
An emporium is a store or large shop. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

emporium

noun Old-fashioned

shop

bazaar

market

mart

store

warehouse

empower

[D.J.:emˈpaʊə]

[K.K.:ɛmˈpaʊɚ]

vt.

授权, 准许

empower *

1. empower empowers empowering empowered
If someone is empowered to do something, they have the authority or power to do it. (FORMAL)

- The army is now empowered to operate on a shoot-to-kill basis.

- His position does not empower him to cite our views without consultation.

VB
= authorize

2. empower empowers empowering empowered
To empower someone means to give them the means to achieve something, for example to become stronger or more successful.

- Empowering the underprivileged lies in assuring them that education holds the real source of power.

- What I'm trying to do is to empower people, to give them ways to help them get well.

VB

empower

verb

enable

allow

authorize

commission

delegate

entitle

license

permit

qualify

sanction

warrant

empowerment *

empowerment
The empowerment of a person or group of people is the process of giving them power and status in a particular situation.

- This government believes very strongly in the empowerment of women.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

empress

[D.J.:ˈemprɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɛmprɪs]

n.

女皇

皇后

empress *

empress
An empress is a woman who rules an empire or who is the wife of an emperor.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

emptiness

[D.J.:ˈemptɪnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈ ɛmptɪnɪs]

n.

空虚;无意义;空旷

emptiness *

1. emptiness
A feeling of emptiness is an unhappy or frightening feeling that nothing is worthwhile, especially when you are very tired or have just experienced something upsetting.

- The result later in life may be feelings of emptiness and depression.

N-UNCOUNT

2. emptiness
The emptiness of a place is the fact that there is nothing in it.

- ...the emptiness of the desert.

N-UNCOUNT

3. emptiness
An emptiness is a very large area of land, sea, or space that has nothing in it. (LITERARY)

- I drove for a while across this fearsome emptiness.

N-SING

emptiness

noun

1.

bareness

blankness

desolation

vacancy

vacuum

void

waste

2.

purposelessness

banality

futility

hollowness

inanity

meaninglessness

senselessness

vanity

worthlessness

3.

insincerity

cheapness

hollowness

idleness

emptied

[ˈemptid]

adj.

耗尽的

emptier

[ˈemptaiə]

n.

排空装置,抽空机

empty

[D.J.:ˈempti]

[K.K.:ˈɛmpti]

adj.

空的

空闲的, 空虚的, 寂寥的

vt. & vi.

(使)成为空的, 把…弄空

vt.

把…腾出来, 倒空

emptying

[ˈemptiiŋ]

n.

倒空,空出

empty ***

1. empty emptier emptiest
An empty place, vehicle, or container is one that has no people or things in it.

- The room was bare and empty.

- ...empty cans of lager...

- The roads were nearly empty of traffic.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of n

2. empty
An empty gesture, threat, or relationship has no real value or meaning.

- His father had threatened disinheritance, but both men had known it was an empty threat.

- ...to ensure the event is not perceived as an empty gesture.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. empty emptier emptiest
If you describe a person's life or a period of time as empty , you mean that nothing interesting or valuable happens in it.

- My life was very hectic but empty before I met him.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

4. empty emptier emptiest
If you feel empty , you feel unhappy and have no energy, usually because you are very tired or have just experienced something upsetting.

- I felt empty and hollow; defeated.

- I feel so empty, my life just doesn't seem worth living any more.

ADJ-GRADED: usu feel ADJ, also ADJ n

5. empty empties emptying emptied
If you empty a container, or empty something out of it, you remove its contents, especially by tipping it up.

- I emptied the ashtray.

- Empty the noodles and liquid into a serving bowl.

- He emptied the contents out into the palm of his hand.

VB

6. empty empties emptying emptied
If someone empties a room or place, or if it empties , everyone that is in it goes away.

- The stadium emptied at the end of the first day of athletics.

- ...a woman who could empty a pub full of drunks just by lifting one fist.

V-ERG

7. empty empties emptying emptied
A river or canal that empties into a lake, river, or sea flows into it.

- The Washougal empties into the Columbia River near Portland.

VB

8. empty empties
Empties are bottles or containers which no longer have anything in them.
N-COUNT: usu pl

empty

adjective

1.

bare

blank

clear

deserted

desolate

hollow

unfurnished

uninhabited

unoccupied

vacant

void

2.

purposeless

banal

fruitless

futile

hollow

inane

meaningless

senseless

vain

worthless

3.

insincere

cheap

hollow

idle

verb

4.

evacuate

clear

drain

exhaust

pour out

unload

vacate

void

empty-handed

[D.J.:ˌempti:ˈhændɪd]

[K.K.:ˌɛmptiˈhændɪd]

adj.

空手的,徒手的

empty-handed *

empty-handed
If you come away from somewhere empty-handed , you have failed to get what you wanted.

- Delegates from the warring sides held a new round of peace talks but went away empty-handed.

- Shirley returned home empty-handed from her shopping trip.

ADJ: ADJ after v

empty-headed

[D.J.:ˌempti:ˈhedɪd]

[K.K.:ˌɛmptiˈhɛdɪd]

没有头脑

empty-headed

empty-headed
If you describe someone as empty-headed , you mean that they are not very intelligent and often do silly things.

- ...a pretty, empty-headed little thing, barely out of school.

ADJ-GRADED

empty-headed

adjective

scatterbrained

brainless

dizzy informal

featherbrained

harebrained

silly

vacuous

emu

[D.J.:ˈi:mju:]

[K.K.:ˈimju]

n.

鸸鹋(产于澳洲的一种体型大而不会飞的鸟)

emu

emu emus
An emu is a large Australian bird which cannot fly.
N-COUNT The plural can be emus or emu

emulate

[D.J.:ˈemjuleit]

[K.K.:ˈɛmjəˌlet]

vt.

与…竞争, 努力赶上

emulation

[D.J.:ˌemjəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛmjəˈleʃən]

n.

仿效

竞赛;努力追上并超越;竞争

emulate *

1. emulate emulates emulating emulated
If you emulate something or someone, you imitate them because you admire them a great deal. (FORMAL)

- Sons are traditionally expected to emulate their fathers.

VB

2. emulation

- ...a role model worthy of emulation.

N-UNCOUNT

emulate

verb

imitate

compete with

copy

echo

follow

mimic

rival

emulsifier

[iˈmʌlsifaiə]

n.

乳化剂;乳化器

emulsify

[D.J.:ɪˈmʌlsəˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ɪˈmʌlsəˌfaɪ]

vt.

使乳化

emulsifier

n.

emulsifier

emulsifier emulsifiers
An emulsifier is a substance used in food manufacturing which helps to combine liquids of different thicknesses.
N-MASS

emulsifying

乳化

emulsify

emulsify emulsifies emulsifying emulsified
When two liquids of different thicknesses emulsify or when they are emulsified , they combine. (TECHNICAL)

- It is the pressure which releases the coffee oils; these emulsify and give the coffee its rich, velvety texture.

- Whisk the cream into the mixture to emulsify it.

- Beeswax acts as an emulsifying agent.

- ...emulsified oil.

V-ERG

emulsion

[D.J.:ɪˈmʌlʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˈmʌlʃən]

n.

乳胶,胶状液;乳剂

emulsion *

1. emulsion emulsions
Emulsion or emulsion paint is a water-based paint, which is not shiny when it dries. It is used for painting walls and ceilings.

- ...an undercoat of white emulsion paint.

- ...a matt emulsion.

N-MASS

2. emulsion emulsions
An emulsion is a liquid or cream which is a mixture of two or more liquids, such as oil and water, which do not naturally mix together.
N-MASS

3. emulsion emulsions
In photography, emulsion is a substance that is used to make photographic film sensitive to light. (TECHNICAL)
N-MASS

en-

pref.

表示“使、使成为”之义;表示“使处于…状态”之义

en-

en-
En- is added to words to form verbs that describe the process of putting someone into a particular state, condition, or place, or to form adjectives and nouns that describe that process or those states and conditions.

- People with disabilities are now doing many things to enrich their lives.

- ...the current campaign to enthrone him as our national bard...

- It is the first enthronement since 1928.

- ...a more enlightened leadership.

PREFIX

enable

[D.J.:iˈneibl]

[K.K.:ɛˈnebəl]

vt.

使能够; 提供做…的权利[措施]

使可能

enabled

adj.

激活的

enable ***

1. enable enables enabling enabled
If someone or something enables you to do a particular thing, they give you the opportunity to do it.

- The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early.

- ...a new charter for training to enable young people to make the most of their potential.

VB

2. enabling

- Researchers describe it as an enabling technology.

ADJ

3. enable enables enabling enabled
To enable something to happen means to make it possible for it to happen.

- The hot sun enables the grapes to reach optimum ripeness.

- A series of holes in the side panels enables the position of the shelves to be adjusted.

- The working class is still too small to enable a successful socialist revolution.

VB

4. enable enables enabling enabled
To enable someone to do something means to give them permission or the right to do it.

- ...the republic's legislation which enables young people to do a form of alternative service.

VB

5. enabling

- Some protection for victims must be written into the enabling legislation.

ADJ: ADJ n

enable

verb

allow

authorize

empower

entitle

license

permit

qualify

sanction

warrant

enact

[D.J.:iˈnækt]

[K.K.:ɛnˈækt]

vt.

制定(法律); 通过(法案)

enact **

1. enact enacts enacting enacted
When a government or authority enacts a proposal, they make it into a law. (TECHNICAL)

- The authorities have failed so far to enact a law allowing unrestricted emigration.

- The bill would be submitted for public discussion before being enacted as law.

VB

2. enact enacts enacting enacted
If people enact a story or play, they perform it by acting.

- She often enacted the stories told to her by her father.

VB
= perform

3. enact enacts enacting enacted
If a particular event or situation is enacted , it happens; used especially to talk about something that has happened before. (JOURNALISM)

- It was a scene which was enacted month after month for eight years.

VB: usu passive

enact

verb

1.

establish

authorize

command

decree

legislate

ordain

order

proclaim

sanction

2.

perform

act out

depict

play

play the part of

portray

represent

enactment

[D.J.:enˈæktmənt]

[K.K.:ɛnˈæktmənt]

n.

演出;展现;规定;通过

enactment *

1. enactment enactments
The enactment of a law is the process in a parliament or other law-making body by which the law is agreed upon and made official. (TECHNICAL)

- We support the call for the enactment of a Bill of Rights.

N-VAR: usu N of n

2. enactment enactments
The enactment of a play or story is the performance of it by an actor or group of actors. (FORMAL)

- The main building was also used for the enactment of mystery plays.

N-VAR: usu N of n
= performance

enamel

[D.J.:iˈnæməl]

[K.K.:ɪˈnæməl]

n.

搪瓷; 珐琅; 釉药

瓷漆

(牙齿的)珐琅质

vt.

涂瓷釉于; 给…上瓷漆; 给…上彩饰

enamel *

1. enamel enamels
Enamel is a substance like glass which can be heated and put onto metal, glass, or pottery in order to decorate or protect it.

- ...a white enamel saucepan on the oil stove.

- ...enamel baths.

N-MASS: oft N n

2. enamel enamels
Enamel is a hard, shiny paint that is used especially for painting metal and wood.

- ...enamel polymer paints...

- He relied on translucent enamels to produce vivid, glowing pictures.

N-MASS: oft N n

3. enamel
Enamel is the hard white substance that forms the outer part of a tooth.
N-UNCOUNT

enamelled

enamelled
An enamelled object is decorated or covered with enamel.

- ...enamelled plates.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) enameled

enamelling

n.

上釉术,上彩色

enamelling

enamelling
Enamelling is the decoration of something such as jewellery with enamel.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) enameling

enamoured

[D.J.:ɪˈnæməd]

[K.K.: ɪnˈæmɚd]

adj.

倾心于…的, 被迷住的, 迷恋的

enamoured

1. enamoured
If you are enamoured of something, you like or admire it a lot. If you are not enamoured of something, you dislike or disapprove of it. (LITERARY)

- I became totally enamored of the wildflowers there.

- The religious conservatives are not enamoured of the West and its values.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ of/with n (AM) enamored

2. enamoured
If you are enamoured of a person, you are in love with them. (LITERARY)

- I remember being very young and being totally enamored of him.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ of/with n (AM) enamored

enamoured

adjective

in love

captivated

charmed

enraptured

fond

infatuated

smitten

taken

en bloc

en bloc
If a group of people do something en bloc , they do it all together and at the same time. If a group of people or things are considered en bloc , they are considered as a group, rather than separately.

- An enlarged Latin group would be in a stronger position to negotiate en bloc with the United States.

- The selectors should resign en bloc.

- Now the governors en bloc are demanding far more consultation and rights over contractual approval.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV
= en masse

encamped

encamped
If people, especially soldiers, are encamped somewhere, they have set up camp there.

- Railways could now bring food to encamped armies.

- He made his way back to the farmyard where his regiment was encamped.

ADJ

encampment

[D.J.:inˈkæmpmənt]

[K.K.:ɛnˈkæmpmənt]

n.

露营,宿营,营地

encampment

encampment encampments
An encampment is a group of tents or other shelters in a particular place, especially when they are used by soldiers, refugees, or gypsies.

- ...a large military encampment.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

encampment

noun

camp

base

bivouac

camping ground

campsite

cantonment

quarters

tents

encapsulate

[D.J.:enˈkæpsəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:ɛnˈkæpsəˌlet]

vt.

装入胶囊

总结;扼要概括;囊括

encapsulated

adj.

有(胶)囊包着的

encapsulating

包封

encapsulation

[inˌkæpsjuˈleiʃən]

n.

包装,封装；包裹

encapsulate *

1. encapsulate encapsulates encapsulating encapsulated
To encapsulate particular facts or ideas means to represent all their most important aspects in a very small space or in a single object or event.

- A Wall Street Journal editorial encapsulated the views of many conservatives.

- His ideas were later encapsulated in a book strangely called `Democratic Ideals and Reality'.

VB

2. encapsulation encapsulations

- ...a witty encapsulation of modern America.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n

encapsulate

verb

sum up

abridge

compress

condense

digest

epitomize

pr´ecis

summarize

encase

[D.J.:enˈkeɪs]

[K.K.:ɛnˈkes]

vt.

把…放入盒内;把…装箱

encasing

[inˈkeisiŋ]

n.

外壳,覆板,覆面;砌面,罩子

encase *

encase encases encasing encased
If a person or an object is encased in something, they are completely covered or surrounded by it.

- When nuclear fuel is manufactured it is encased in metal cans.

- These weapons also had a heavy brass guard which encased almost the whole hand.

- It will actually be cheaper to leave the machine encased in concrete to one side of the tunnel, than to take it apart and bring it back to Britain.

- The original plan was to encase a small amount of a radioactive substance in a protective steel container.

VB

-ence

-ence
-ence and -ency are added to adjectives, usually in place of -ent, to form nouns referring to states, qualities, attitudes, or behaviour. For example, `affluence' is the state of being affluent.
SUFFIX

enchant

[D.J.:inˈtʃɑ:nt]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtʃænt]

vt.

使欣喜; 使心醉

用魔法迷惑

enchanting

[D.J.:enˈtʃæntɪŋ]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtʃæntɪŋ]

adj.

使人喜悦的,可爱的;迷人的

enchant *

1. enchant enchants enchanting enchanted
If you are enchanted by someone or something, they cause you to have feelings of great delight or pleasure.

- Dena was enchanted by the house.

- She enchanted you as she has so many others.

VB

2. enchanted

- Don't expect young children to be as enchanted with the scenery as you are.

ADJ-GRADED

3. enchant enchants enchanting enchanted
In fairy stories and legends, to enchant someone or something means to put a magic spell on them.

- King Arthur hid his treasures here and Merlin enchanted the cave so that nobody should ever find them.

- ...Celtic stories of cauldrons and enchanted vessels.

VB

enchanting *

enchanting
If you describe someone or something as enchanting , you mean that they are very attractive or charming.

- She's an absolutely enchanting child.

- The overall effect is enchanting.

ADJ-GRADED

enchant

verb

fascinate

beguile

bewitch

captivate

charm

delight

enrapture

enthral

ravish

enchanting

adjective

fascinating

alluring

attractive

bewitching

captivating

charming

delightful

entrancing

lovely

pleasant

enchantment

[D.J.:ɪnˈtʃɑ:ntmənt]

[K.K.: ɪnˈtʃæntmənt]

n.

魅力,迷人之处

施魔法;着魔

enchantment

1. enchantment
If you say that something has enchantment , you mean that it makes you feel great delight or pleasure. Your enchantment with something is the fact of your feeling great delight and pleasure because of it.

- The wilderness campsite had its own peculiar enchantment.

- Percy's enchantment with orchids dates back to 1951.

N-UNCOUNT

2. enchantment enchantments
In fairy stories and legends, an enchantment is a magic spell.
N-COUNT
= spell

enchantress

[D.J.:inˈtʃɑ:ntris]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtʃæntrɪs]

n.

妖妇,女巫

enchantress

enchantress enchantresses
In fairy stories and legends, an enchantress is a woman who uses magic to put spells on people and things.
N-COUNT

enchilada

[D.J.:ˌentʃiˈlɑ:də]

[K.K.:ˌɛntʃəˈlɑdə]

n.

以辣椒调味的一种墨西哥菜

enchilada

enchilada enchiladas
An enchilada consists of a flat piece of bread called a tortilla wrapped round a filling of meat or vegetables and served hot, usually with a sauce.
N-COUNT

encircle

[D.J.:enˈsɜ:kəl]

[K.K.:ɛnˈsə..kəl]

vt.

包围;环绕

encircle *

encircle encircles encircling encircled
To encircle something or someone means to surround or enclose them, or to go round them.

- A forty-foot-high concrete wall encircles the jail.

- By 22nd November the Sixth Army was encircled.

VB
= surround

enclave

[D.J.:ˈenkleiv]

[K.K.:ˈɛnˌklev, ˈɑn-]

n.

在一国境内的外国领土; 飞地

enclave *

enclave enclaves
An enclave is an area within a country or a city where people live who have a different nationality or culture from the people living in the surrounding country or city.

- Nagorno-Karabakh is an Armenian enclave inside Azerbaijan.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

enclose

[D.J.:inˈkləuz]

[K.K.:ɛnˈkloz]

vt.

把…围起来

把…装入信封, 附入

enclosed

adj.

被附上的

enclose **

1. enclose encloses enclosing enclosed
If a place or object is enclosed by something, the place or object is inside that thing or completely surrounded by it.

- The rules state that samples must be enclosed in two watertight containers.

- Enclose the pot in a clear polythene bag.

- The surrounding land was enclosed by an eight foot wire fence.

- ...the enclosed waters of the Baltic.

VB

2. enclose encloses enclosing enclosed
If you enclose something with a letter, you put it in the same envelope as the letter.

- I have enclosed a cheque for £10.

- He tore open the creamy envelope that had been enclosed in the letter.

- The enclosed leaflet shows how Service Care can ease all your worries.

VB

enclosed

enclosed
An enclosed community of monks or nuns does not have any contact with the outside world.

- ...monks and nuns from enclosed orders.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

enclose

verb

1.

surround

bound

encase

encircle

fence

hem in

shut in

wall in

2.

send with

include

insert

put in

enclosure

[D.J.:inˈkləuʒə]

[K.K.:ɛnˈkloʒɚ]

n.

圈占, 围绕

圈占地, 圈用地

附件, 装入物

enclosure *

enclosure enclosures
An enclosure is an area of land that is surrounded by a wall or fence and that is used for a particular purpose.

- This enclosure was so vast that the outermost wall could hardly be seen.

N-COUNT

encode

[D.J.:enˈkəʊd]

[K.K.:ɛnˈkod]

vt.

(将文字材料)译成密码

编码;编制成计算机语言

encoding

[inˈkəudiŋ]

n.

编码,译码

encode *

encode encodes encoding encoded
If you encode a message or some information, you put it into a code or express it in a different form or system of language.

- The two parties encode confidential data in a form that is not directly readable by the other party.

- We compared the human mind to a computer which actively seeks information to process, encodes it and stores it for future use.

VB
= encrypt ≠ decode

encompass

[D.J.:enˈkʌmpəs]

[K.K.:ɛnˈkʌmpəs]

vt.

围绕;包围

encompass *

1. encompass encompasses encompassing encompassed
If something encompasses particular things, it includes them.

- ...the extra services, which start next September and encompass a wide range of special interests...

- His repertoire encompassed everything from Bach to Schoenberg.

VB
= cover include

2. encompass encompasses encompassing encompassed
To encompass a place means to completely surround or cover it.

- Encompassing over a million square miles, this remote and mountainous domain presides over the rest of Asia.

- The map shows the rest of the western region, encompassing nine states.

VB

encompass

verb

1.

surround

circle

encircle

enclose

envelop

ring

2.

include

admit

comprise

contain

cover

embrace

hold

incorporate

take in

encore

[D.J.:ˈɔnˌkɔ:, -ˌkəʊr]

[K.K.:ˈɑnˌkɔr, -ˌkor]

int.

再来一个！(听众要求重演一次的呼叫)

n.

再演(唱等)(的呼喊)

encore *

1. encore encores
An encore is a short extra performance at the end of a longer one, which an entertainer gives because the audience asks for it.

- Lang's final encore last night was `Barefoot'.

N-COUNT

2. encore encores encoring encored
If an entertainer encores , they perform an encore. (INFORMAL)

- They encore with a superlative version of The Who's `The Kids Are Alright'.

VB

3. encore
` Encore ' is the word shouted by classical concert audiences when they want a performer to perform an encore.
CONVENTION

encounter

[D.J.:inˈkauntə]

[K.K.:ɛnˈkaʊntɚ]

vt.

遇到, 遭遇

偶然碰到, 邂逅

n.

突然遇到

encounter ***

1. encounter encounters encountering encountered
If you encounter problems or difficulties, you experience them.

- Every day of our lives we encounter major and minor stresses of one kind or another.

- Environmental problems they found in Poland were among the worst they encountered.

VB

2. encounter encounters encountering encountered
If you encounter someone, you meet them, usually unexpectedly. (FORMAL)

- Did you encounter anyone in the building?.

- Renata wrote him that she had encountered her long-estranged father.

VB
= meet

3. encounter encounters
An encounter with someone is a meeting with them, particularly one that is unexpected or significant.

- The author tells of a remarkable encounter with a group of South Vietnamese soldiers.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. encounter encounters
An encounter is a particular type of experience.

- ...a sexual encounter.

- ...his first serious encounter with alcohol.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

encounter

verb

1.

meet

bump into informal

chance upon

come upon

confront

experience

face

run across

noun

2.

meeting

brush

confrontation

rendezvous

3.

battle

clash

conflict

contest

head-to-head

run-in informal

encourage

[D.J.:inˈkʌridʒ]

[K.K.:ɛnˈkɚrɪdʒ, -ˈkʌr-]

vt.

鼓励, 激励

促进, 助长, 激发

encouraged

被鼓励的

encouraging

[D.J.:enˈkɜ:rədʒɪŋ, -ˈkʌr-]

[K.K.:ɛnˈkə..rədʒɪŋ, -ˈkʌr-]

adj.

鼓励的;赞助的;促进的

encouragingly

[D.J.:ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒɪŋlɪ]

adv.

鼓励地;勉励人地

encourage ****

1. encourage encourages encouraging encouraged
If you encourage someone, you give them confidence, for example by letting them know that what they are doing is good and telling them that they should continue to do it.

- When things aren't going well, he encourages me, telling me not to give up.

VB

2. encourage encourages encouraging encouraged
If someone is encouraged by something that happens, it gives them hope or confidence.

- Investors were encouraged by the news.

- Mr Blair said he had been encouraged by recent Irish statements about the issue.

VB: usu passive

3. encouraged

- We were very , after over 17,000 pictures were submitted.

- I am encouraged that more physicians are asking questions in these meetings and coming to workshops.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ that

4. encourage encourages encouraging encouraged
If you encourage someone to do something, you try to persuade them to do it, for example by telling them that it would be a pleasant thing to do, or by trying to make it easier for them to do it. You can also encourage an activity.

- We want to encourage people to go fishing, not put them off.

- Herbie Hancock was encouraged by his family to learn music at a young age.

- Their task is to help encourage private investment in Russia.

- Participation is encouraged at all levels.

VB

5. encourage encourages encouraging encouraged
If something encourages a particular activity or state, it causes it to happen or increase.

- ...a natural substance that encourages cell growth...

- Such secrecy breeds and encourages fear and suspicion.

- Slow music encourages supermarket-shoppers to browse longer but spend more.

VB

encouraging **

1. encouraging
Something that is encouraging gives people hope or confidence.

- There are encouraging signs of an artistic revival.

- The results have been encouraging.

- It was encouraging that he recognised the dangers facing the company.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ that

2. encouragingly

- The people at the next table watched me eat and smiled encouragingly.

- Against all expectations, the theatre reopened to encouragingly large audiences.

- But, most encouragingly, there'd been no sign of any recurrence of the hallucinations.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj, ADV with cl

encourage

verb

1.

inspire

buoy up

cheer

comfort

console

embolden

hearten

reassure

2.

spur

advocate

egg on

foster

promote

prompt

support

urge

encouraging

adjective

promising

bright

cheerful

comforting

good

heartening

hopeful

reassuring

rosy

encouragement

[D.J.:enˈkɜ:rɪdʒmənt, -ˈkʌr-]

[K.K.:ɛnˈkə..rɪdʒmənt, -ˈkʌr-]

n.

鼓励;支持(的事物);激励;促进(的事物)

encouragement **

encouragement encouragements
Encouragement is the activity of encouraging someone, or something that is said or done in order to encourage them.

- I also had friends who gave me a great deal of encouragement.

- Thanks for your advice and encouragement.

- ...the notion that tax encouragements and the like would be sufficient to increase people's appetite for supporting charity.

N-VAR: oft N of n

encouragement

noun

inspiration

cheer

incitement

promotion

reassurance

stimulation

stimulus

support

encroach

[D.J.:enˈkrəʊtʃ]

[K.K.:ɛnˈkrotʃ]

vi.

侵犯;侵占;侵害

encroach on/upon

妨碍(正常生活或活动等)

逐渐遍布(某地区)

encroach *

1. encroach encroaches encroaching encroached
If one thing encroaches on another, the first thing spreads or becomes stronger, and slowly begins to restrict the power, range, or effectiveness of the second thing. (FORMAL)

- Any attempt to encroach upon presidential prerogatives in this domain was quickly and firmly resisted.

- The new institutions do not encroach on political power.

- For some time the movie industry had loftily chosen to ignore the encroaching competition of television.

VB disapproval

2. encroach encroaches encroaching encroached
If something encroaches on a place, it spreads and takes over more and more of that place. (FORMAL)

- The rhododendrons encroached ever more on the twisting drive.

- I turned into the dirt road and followed it through encroaching trees and bushes.

VB

encroach

verb

intrude

impinge

infringe

invade

make inroads

overstep

trespass

usurp

encroachment

[D.J.:ɪnˈkrəʊtʃmənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkrotʃmənt]

n.

侵入,侵占;侵蚀

encroachment

encroachment encroachments
You can describe the action or process of encroaching on something as encroachment .

- It's a sign of the encroachment of commercialism in medicine.

- The problem was to safeguard sites from encroachment by property development.

N-VAR: usu with supp disapproval

encrustation

[D.J.:inˌkrʌsˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛnkrʌsˈteʃən]

n.

结壳,用覆盖物,镶嵌,硬壳

encrustation

encrustation encrustations
An encrustation is a hard and thick layer on the surface of something that has built up over a long period of time.
N-VAR

encrusted

1. encrusted
If an object is encrusted with something, its surface is covered with a layer of that thing.

- ...a blue uniform coat that was thickly encrusted with gold loops.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n

2. encrusted
Also a combining form.

- ...a jewel-encrusted ring.

- ...snow-encrusted mountain paths.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

encrypt

[D.J.:inˈkript]

[K.K.:ɛnkrɪpt]

v.

加密,将…译成密码

encryption

[inˈkripʃən]

n.

编密码

encrypt

1. encrypt encrypts encrypting encrypted
If a document or piece of information is is encrypted , it is written in a special code, so that only certain people can read it.

- Account details are encrypted to protect privacy.

- ...a program that will encrypt the information before sending.

- ...encrypted signals.

VB

2. encryption

- It is currently illegal to export this encryption technology from the US.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

encumber

[D.J.:enˈkʌmbə]

[K.K.:ɛnˈkʌmbɚ]

vt.

<正>妨碍,阻碍,拖累

encumbrance

n.

encumbrance

[D.J.:enˈkʌmbrəns]

[K.K.:ɛnˈkʌmbrəns]

n.

负担,累赘;妨碍,阻碍

encumber

1. encumber encumbers encumbering encumbered
If you are encumbered by something, it prevents you from moving freely or doing what you want.

- No soldiers ever marched with less to encumber them.

- It is still labouring under the debt burden that it was encumbered with in the 1980s.

VB
= burden

2. encumbered

- The rest of the world is less encumbered with legislation.

- I'm sure we all wish to be less encumbered by rules which we think unnecessary and restricting.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with/by n

3. encumber encumbers encumbering encumbered
If a place is encumbered with things, it contains so many of them that it is difficult to move freely there.

- The narrow quay was encumbered by hundreds of carts.

VB

encumber

verb

burden

hamper

handicap

hinder

impede

inconvenience

obstruct

saddle

weigh down

encumbrance

encumbrance encumbrances
An encumbrance is something or someone that encumbers you.

- Magdalena considered the past an irrelevant encumbrance.

N-COUNT
= burden

encyclical

[D.J.:enˈsiklikəl]

[K.K.:ɛnˈsɪklɪkəl]

n.

罗马教皇的通谕

adj.

传阅的,通谕的

encyclical

encyclical encyclicals
An encyclical is an official letter written by the Pope and sent to all Roman Catholic bishops, usually in order to make a statement about the official teachings of the Church.
N-COUNT

encyclopedia

[D.J.:enˌsaikləuˈpi:djə]

[K.K.:ɛnˌsaɪkləˈpidiə]

n.

百科全书; (某一学科的)专科全书

encyclopedia *

encyclopedia encyclopedias
An encyclopedia is a book or set of books in which facts about many different subjects or about one particular subject are arranged for reference, usually in alphabetical order.
N-COUNT: usu with supp The spelling encyclopaedia is also used, mainly in British English.

encyclopedic

[D.J.:enˌsaɪkləˈpi:dɪk]

[K.K.:ɛnˌsaɪkləˈpidɪk]

adj.

百科全书般的;学识渊博的

百科全书的

encyclopedic

encyclopedic
If you describe something as encyclopedic , you mean that it is very full, complete, and thorough in the amount of knowledge or information that it has.

- He had an encyclopaedic knowledge of drugs.

- ...an almost overwhelmingly encyclopaedic volume.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n The spelling encyclopaedic is also used, mainly in British English.
= comprehensive

end

[D.J.:end]

[K.K.:ɛnd]

n.

最后部分, 末尾

端, 尽头, 梢

终止, 结局

〈正〉结果, 目标, 目的

死去

vt. & vi.

结束; 终止

ending

[D.J.:ˈendiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɛndɪŋ]

n.

(故事, 电影等的)结局, (单词的)结尾

ends

=condensate;冷凝物[液]

end *****

1. end
The end of something such as a period of time, an event, a book, or a film is the last part of it or the final point in it.

- The £5 banknote was first issued at the end of the 18th century.

- The report is expected by the end of the year.

- You will have the chance to ask questions at the end.

N-SING: the N, usu prep N, N of n

2. end ends ending ended
When a situation, process, or activity ends , or when something or someone ends it, it reaches its final point and stops.

- The meeting quickly ended and Steve and I left the room.

- Talks have resumed to try to end the fighting.

- She began to weep. That ended our discussion.

V-ERG

3. ending

- The ending of a marriage by death is different in many ways from an ending occasioned by divorce.

N-SING: usu the N of n

4. end ends
An end to something or the end of it is the act or result of stopping it so that it does not continue any longer.

- The French government today called for an end to the violence.

- I was worried she would walk out or bring the interview to an end.

- Francis fined him two weeks' wages and said: `That's the end of the matter.'

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N to/of n

5. end ends ending ended
If you say that someone or something ends a period of time in a particular way, you are indicating what the final situation was like. You can also say that a period of time ends in a particular way.

- The markets ended the week on a quiet note.

- British Gas shares ended the day 1p up at 287p.

- The evening ended with a dramatic display of fireworks.

V-ERG

6. end ends ending ended
If a period of time ends , it reaches its final point.

- Its monthly reports on program trading usually come out about three weeks after each month ends.

- They hired eight college graduates to start work after the college year ends in March.

VB

7. end ends ending ended
If something such as a book, speech, or performance ends with a particular thing or the writer or performer ends it with that thing, its final part consists of the thing mentioned.

- His statement ended with the words: `Pray for me.'.

- The book ends on a lengthy description of Hawaii.

- Dawkins ends his discussion with a call for liberation.

- The memo ends: `I am sorry if this seems a trifling point about which to be writing to you.'

V-ERG

8. end ends ending ended
If a situation or event ends in a particular way, it has that particular result.

- The incident could have ended in tragedy.

- The match ended in a draw.

- Our conversations ended with him saying he would try to be more understanding.

- My own view is that we can have a relationship without worrying where it will end.

- Shares ended 1.7 per cent firmer on the Frankfurt exchange.

VB

9. end ends
The two ends of something long and narrow are the two points or parts of it that are furthest away from each other.

- The company is planning to place surveillance equipment at both ends of the tunnel.

- A typical fluorescent lamp is a tube with metal electrodes at each end.

N-COUNT: with supp

10. end ends
The end of a long, narrow object such as a finger or a pencil is the tip or smallest edge of it, usually the part that is furthest away from you.

- He tapped the ends of his fingers together.

- She let the long cone of ash hang at the end of her cigarette.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n
= tip

11. end ends ending ended
If an object ends with or in a particular thing, it has that thing on its tip or point, or as its last part.

- It has three pairs of legs, each ending in a large claw.

VB

12. end ends ending ended
A journey, road, or river that ends at a particular place stops there and goes no further.

- The road ended at a T-junction.

- The journey ends in the ancient city of Marrakesh.

VB

13. end ends
End is used to refer to either of the two extreme points of a scale, or of something that you are considering as a scale.

- At the other end of the social scale was the grocer, the village's only merchant.

- The agreement has been criticised by extremist groups on both ends of the political spectrum.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

14. end ends
The other end is one of two places that are connected because people are communicating with each other by telephone or writing, or are travelling from one place to the other.

- When he answered it, Ferguson was at the other end.

- There was silence at the other end of the line.

- Make sure to meet them at the other end.

N-COUNT: supp N

15. end ends
If you refer to a particular end of a project or piece of work, you mean a part or aspect of it, for example a part of it that is done by a particular person or in a particular place. (SPOKEN)

- You take care of your end, kid, I'll take care of mine.

- Let's go up to the office and settle the business end of things.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu supp N

16. end ends
An end is the purpose for which something is done or towards which you are working.

- The police force is being manipulated for political ends.

- Now the government is trying another policy designed to achieve the same end.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

17. end ends ending ended
If you say that something ends at a particular point, you mean that it is applied or exists up to that point, and no further.

- Helen is also 25 and from Birmingham, but the similarity ends there.

- Does responsibility end at the fitting of car seats?

VB

18. end ends
You can refer to someone's death as their end , especially when you are talking about the way that they died or might die. (LITERARY)

- Soon after we had spoken to this man he had met a violent end.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu supp N

19. end ends ending ended
If you end by doing something or end in a particular state, you do that thing or get into that state even though you did not originally intend to.

- They ended by making themselves miserable.

- They'll probably end back on the streets.

VB

20. end
If someone ends it all , they kill themselves.

- He grew suicidal, thinking up ways to end it all.

PHR: V inflects

21. end
If you describe something as, for example, the deal to end all deals or the film to end all films, you mean that it is very important or successful, and that compared to it all other deals or films seem second-rate.

- It was going to be a party to end all parties.

- ...the sale to end all sales at Harrods.

PHR: n PHR n

22. end
If something is at an end , it has finished and will not continue.

- The court has passed sentence and the matter is now at an end.

- The recession is definitely at an end.

PHR: v-link PHR

23. end
If something comes to an end , it stops.

- The cold war came to an end.

PHR: V inflects

24. end
You say at the end of the day when you are talking about what happens after a long series of events or what appears to be the case after you have considered the relevant facts. (INFORMAL)

- At the end of the day it's up to the Germans to decide.

- At the end of the day, the board's not going to be too concerned with three or four more dollars.

PHR: PHR with cl

25. end
If you say that someone has gone off the deep end , you mean that their mind has stopped working in a normal way and their behaviour has become very strange as a result. (INFORMAL)

- I'm not sure she believes me. She probably just thinks I've gone off the deep end.

PHR: V inflects

26. end
If you are thrown in at the deep end , you are put in a completely new situation without any help or preparation. If you jump in at the deep end , you go into a completely new situation without any help or preparation. (mainly BRIT)

- It's a superb job. You get thrown in at the deep end and it's all down to you.

- The reason many people fail on diets is that they jump in at the deep end, making a complete change to their eating habits.

PHR: V inflects

27. end
If you do something to the bitter end or to the very end , you continue to do it for as long as you can, although it may be very unpleasant or dangerous.

- We will fight to the bitter end to ensure our children get what is rightfully theirs.

PHR: to/until PHR

28. end
You say in the end when you are saying what is the final result of a series of events, or what is your final conclusion after considering all the relevant facts.

- I toyed with the idea of calling the police, but in the end I didn't.

- Benny thought the president was sincere and sensitive, but, in the end, that's not what counts.

PHR: PHR with cl

29. end
If you consider something to be an end in itself , you do it because it seems desirable and not because it is likely to lead to something else.

- While he had originally traveled in order to study, traveling had become an end in itself.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

30. end
If you have to keep your end up , or to keep up your end of something, you have to do something as well as other people, or as well as you are expected to do it. (INFORMAL)

- I had to keep my end up with other professors in the faculty.

- He had trouble keeping up his end of a technical discussion.

PHR: V inflects

31. end
If you find it difficult to make ends meet , you can only just manage financially because you hardly have enough money for the things you need.

- With Betty's salary they barely made ends meet.

PHR: make inflects

32. end
No end means a lot. (INFORMAL)

- The problem was causing the poor woman no end of misery.

- Teachers inform me that Tracey's behaviour has improved no end.

PHR: PHR after v, oft PHR of n

33. end
When something happens for hours, days, weeks, or years on end , it happens continuously and without stopping for the amount of time that is mentioned.

- He is a wonderful companion and we can talk for hours on end.

- I spend days on end in this studio.

PHR: pl-n PHR

34. end
Something that is on end is upright, instead of in its normal or natural position, for example lying down, flat, or on its longest side.
PHR: PHR after v

35. end
To put an end to something means to cause it to stop.

- Only a political solution could put an end to the violence.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

36. end
If a process or person has reached the end of the road , they are unable to progress any further.

- Given the results of the vote, is this the end of the road for the hardliners in Congress?

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR for n

37. end
If you say that something will happen or be true until the end of time or to the end of time , you are emphasizing that it will always happen or always be true.

- We can assume that the moon will continue to go around the earth until the end of time.

- I'll love her till the end of time.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

38. end
If you say that something bad is not the end of the world , you are trying to stop yourself or someone else being so upset by it, by suggesting that it is not the worst thing that could happen.

- Obviously I'd be disappointed if we don't make it, but it wouldn't be the end of the world.

PHR: V inflects, oft it v-link PHR if

ending **

1. ending endings
You can refer to the last part of a book, story, play, or film as the ending , especially when you are considering the way that the story ends.

- The film has a Hollywood happy ending.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

2. ending endings
The ending of a word is the last part of it.

- ...common word endings, like `ing' in walking.

N-COUNT: with supp

end

noun

1.

extremity

boundary

edge

extent

extreme

limit

point

terminus

tip

2.

finish

cessation

close

closure

ending

expiration

expiry

stop

termination

3.

conclusion

culmination

denouement

ending

finale

resolution

4.

remnant

butt

fragment

leftover

oddment

remainder

scrap

stub

5.

destruction

death

demise

doom

extermination

extinction

ruin

6.

purpose

aim

goal

intention

object

objective

point

reason

verb

7.

finish

cease

close

conclude

culminate

stop

terminate

wind up

ending

noun

finish

cessation

close

completion

conclusion

culmination

denouement

end

finale

end up *****

1. end up ends up; ending up; ended up
If someone or something ends up somewhere, they eventually arrive there, usually by accident.

- The result was that the engine ended up at the bottom of the canal.

- She fled with her children, moving from neighbour to neighbour and ending up in a friend's cellar.

PHR-V
= finish up

2. end up ends up; ending up; ended up
If you end up doing something or end up in a particular state, you do that thing or get into that state even though you did not originally intend to.

- If you don't know what you want, you might end up getting something you don't want.

- Every time they went dancing they ended up in a bad mood.

- She could have ended up a millionairess.

PHR-V
= finish up

endanger

[D.J.:enˈdeɪndʒə]

[K.K.:ɛnˈdendʒɚ]

vt.

危及, 使遭受危险

endangered

[D.J.:ɪnˈdeɪnd ʒəd]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdend ʒɚd]

adj.

快要绝种的

endanger **

endanger endangers endangering endangered
To endanger something or someone means to put them in a situation where they might be harmed or destroyed completely.

- The debate could endanger the proposed Mideast peace talks.

- ...endangered species such as lynx, wolf and several species of vulture.

VB

endanger

verb

put at risk

compromise

imperil

jeopardize

put in danger

risk

threaten

endear

[D.J.:enˈdɪə]

[K.K.:ɛnˈdɪr]

vt.

使某人(自己)受某人喜欢

endear to

令…喜欢某人/自己

endearing

[D.J.:enˈdɪərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ɛnˈdɪrɪŋ]

adj.

使人喜欢的;讨人喜欢的

endear *

endear endears endearing endeared
If something endears you to someone or if you endear yourself to them, you become popular with them and well liked by them.

- Their taste for gambling has endeared them to Las Vegas casino owners.

- He has endeared himself to the American public.

VB

endearing *

1. endearing
If you describe someone's behaviour as endearing , you mean that it causes you to feel very fond of them.

- She has such an endearing personality.

- Henry's lisp is so endearing.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

2. endearingly

- He admits endearingly to doubts and hesitations.

- She is endearingly free of pretensions.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

endearing

adjective

attractive

captivating

charming

cute

engaging

lovable

sweet

winning

endearment

[D.J.:enˈdɪəmənt]

[K.K.:ɛnˈdɪrmənt]

n.

表示爱慕的话语;亲热的表示

endearment

endearment endearments
An endearment is a loving or affectionate word or phrase that you say to someone you love.

- No term of endearment crossed their lips.

- ...flattering endearments.

N-VAR

endearment

noun

loving word

sweet nothing

endeavour

[D.J.:inˈdevə]

[K.K.:ɛnˈdɛvɚ]

n.

〈英〉尽力,竭力

endeavour **

1. endeavour endeavours endeavouring endeavoured
If you endeavour to do something, you try very hard to do it. (FORMAL)

- I will endeavour to arrange it.

- They are endeavouring to protect trade union rights.

VB (AM) endeavor
= strive

2. endeavour endeavours
An endeavour is an attempt to do something, especially something new or original. (FORMAL)

- His first endeavours in the field were wedding films.

- ...the benefits of investment in scientific endeavour.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N to-inf (AM) endeavor

endeavour

verb Formal

1.

try

aim

aspire

attempt

labour

make an effort

strive

struggle

take pains

noun

2.

effort

attempt

enterprise

trial

try

undertaking

venture

endemic

[D.J.:enˈdemɪk]

[K.K.:ɛnˈdɛmɪk]

adj.

某地特有的;(尤指疾病)地方性的

endemic *

1. endemic
If a disease or illness is endemic in a place, it is frequently found among the people who live there. (TECHNICAL)

- Polio was then endemic among children my age.

ADJ
≠ epidemic

2. endemic
If you say that a condition or problem is endemic , you mean that it is very common and strong, and cannot be dealt with easily. (WRITTEN)

- Discrimination against Catholics is endemic in Northern Ireland's institutions.

- ...powerful radicals with an endemic hatred and fear of the West.

ADJ-GRADED

endgame

[D.J.:ˈendɡeim]

[K.K.:ˈɛndˌɡem]

n.

最后阶段

endgame

1. endgame endgames
In chess, endgame refers to the final stage of a game, when only a few pieces are left on the board and one of the players must win soon.
N-VAR

2. endgame endgames
Journalists sometimes refer to the final stages of something such as a war, dispute, or contest, as an endgame . (JOURNALISM)

- The political endgame is getting closer.

N-COUNT

endive

[D.J.:ˈendiv]

[K.K.:ˈɛnˌdaɪv, ˈɑnˌdiv]

n.

菊苣

endive

1. endive endives
Endive is a type of plant with crisp curly leaves that is eaten in salads.
N-VAR

2. endive endives
Endive is a type of a plant with crisp bitter leaves that can be cooked or eaten raw in salads. (AM; in BRIT use chicory )
N-VAR

endless

[D.J.:ˈendlis]

[K.K.:ˈɛndlɪs]

adj.

无止境的; 没完没了的

环状的, 两端连接的

endlessly

[D.J.:ˈendləslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈ ɛndləslɪ]

adv.

无穷地;继续地;永久地

endless **

1. endless
If you say that something is endless , you mean that it is very large or lasts for a very long time, and it seems as if it will never stop.

- They turned into an endless street.

- The war was endless.

ADJ-GRADED

2. endlessly

- They talk about it endlessly.

- ...endlessly long arcades of shops.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj

endless

adjective

eternal

boundless

continual

everlasting

incessant

infinite

interminable

unlimited

endocrine

[D.J.:ˈendəukrain]

[K.K.:ˈɛndəkrɪn, -ˌkrin, -ˌkraɪn]

adj.

内分泌(腺)的, 激素的

endocrine

endocrine
The endocrine system is the system of glands that produce hormones which go directly into the bloodstream, such as the pituitary or thyroid glands. (MEDICAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

endorse

[D.J.:enˈdɔ:s]

[K.K.:ɛnˈdɔrs]

vt.

<商>在(尤指支票的)背面签字;背书

赞同,认可,支持(意见,活动,某人等)

在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品

在(文件的)背面写评论;批注(公文)

在(驾驶执照上)记录违章事项

endorse **

1. endorse endorses endorsing endorsed
If you endorse someone or something, you say publicly that you support or approve of them.

- I can endorse their opinion wholeheartedly.

- ...policies agreed by the Labour Party and endorsed by the electorate.

VB

2. endorse endorsed
If someone's driving licence is endorsed , an official record is made on it that they have been found guilty of a driving offence. (BRIT)

- For failing to report the accident, his licence was endorsed.

- He also had his licence endorsed with eight penalty points.

V-PASSIVE

3. endorse endorses endorsing endorsed
When you endorse a cheque, you write your name on the back of it so that it can be paid into someone's bank account.

- The payee of the cheque must endorse the cheque.

VB

4. endorse endorses endorsing endorsed
If you endorse a product or company, you appear in advertisements for it.

- The twins endorsed a line of household cleaning products.

VB

endorse

verb

1.

approve

advocate

authorize

back

champion

promote

ratify

recommend

support

2.

sign

countersign

endorsement

[D.J.:enˈdɔ:smənt]

[K.K.:ɛnˈdɔrsmənt]

n.

背书,批注;违章记录

赞同,支持

endorsement *

1. endorsement endorsements
An endorsement is a statement or action which shows that you support or approve of something or someone.

- That adds up to an endorsement of the status quo.

- This is a powerful endorsement for his softer style of government.

N-COUNT: oft N of/for n

2. endorsement endorsements
An endorsement is a note on someone's driving licence saying that they have been found guilty of a driving offence. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

3. endorsement endorsements
An endorsement for a product or company involves appearing in advertisements for it or showing support for it.
N-COUNT

endorsement

noun

1.

approval

advocacy

approbation

authorization

backing

favour

ratification

recommendation

seal of approval

support

2.

signature

countersignature

endow

[D.J.:inˈdau]

[K.K.:ɛnˈdaʊ]

vt.

捐钱, 捐赠, 资助

使(某人)天生具有(好资质、能力等)

endow *

1. endow endows endowing endowed
You say that someone is endowed with a particular desirable ability, characteristic, or possession when they have it by chance or by birth.

- You are endowed with wealth, good health and a lively intellect.

VB: usu passive
= be blessed

2. endow endows endowing endowed
If you endow something with a particular feature or quality, you provide it with that feature or quality.

- Herbs have been used for centuries to endow a whole range of foods with subtle flavours.

VB
= imbue

3. endow endows endowing endowed
If someone endows an institution, scholarship, or project, they provide a large amount of money which will produce the income needed to pay for it.

- The ambassador has endowed a $1 million public-service fellowships program.

VB

endow

verb

provide

award

bequeath

bestow

confer

donate

finance

fund

give

endowment

[D.J.:enˈdaʊmənt]

[K.K.:ɛnˈdaʊmənt]

n.

(经常的)资助,捐助;捐助的财物等

天赋,天资,才能

endowment policy

养老保险

endowment **

1. endowment endowments
An endowment is a gift of money that is made to an institution or community in order to provide it with an annual income.

- The company revived the finances of the Oxford Union with a generous £1m endowment.

- ...the National Endowment for the Arts.

N-COUNT

2. endowment endowments
If someone has an endowment of a particular quality or ability, they possess it naturally. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. endowment endowments
In finance, an endowment policy or mortgage is an insurance policy or mortgage which you pay towards each month and which should then provide you with enough money to pay for your house at the end of a fixed period. (BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu N n

endowment

noun

provision

award

benefaction

bequest

donation

gift

grant

legacy

end product

end product end products
The end product of something is the thing that is produced or achieved by means of it.

- It is the end product of exhaustive research and development.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

end result *

end result end results
The end result of an activity or a process is the final result that it produces.

- The end result is very good and very successful.

- The end result of this will be unity.

N-COUNT: usu the N

endurance

[D.J.:inˈdjuərəns]

[K.K.:ɛnˈdʊrəns, -ˈdjʊr-]

n.

忍耐力

endurance *

endurance
Endurance is the ability to continue with an unpleasant or difficult situation, experience, or activity over a long period of time.

- The exercise obviously will improve strength and endurance.

- ...his powers of endurance.

N-UNCOUNT

endurance

noun

1.

staying power

fortitude

patience

perseverance

persistence

resolution

stamina

strength

tenacity

toleration

2.

permanence

continuity

durability

duration

longevity

stability

endure

[D.J.:inˈdjuə]

[K.K.:ɛnˈdʊr, -ˈdjʊr]

vt. & vi.

(长时间地)忍受, 忍耐, 容忍

vi.

持续, 持久, 坚持下去

enduring

[D.J.:inˈdjuəriŋ]

[K.K.:ɛnˈdʊrɪŋ, -ˈdjʊr-]

adj.

持久的,不朽的

endure **

1. endure endures enduring endured
If you endure a painful or difficult situation, you experience it and do not avoid it or give up, usually because you cannot.

- The company endured heavy financial losses.

- ...unbearable pain, which they had to endure in solitude because not even the doctors could get near them.

VB
= undergo

2. endure endures enduring endured
If something endures , it continues to exist without any loss in quality or importance.

- Somehow the language endures and continues to survive.

VB
= last

3. enduring

- This chance meeting was the start of an enduring friendship.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

endure

verb

1.

bear

cope with

experience

stand

suffer

sustain

undergo

withstand

2.

last

continue

live on

persist

remain

stand

stay

survive

enduring

adjective

long-lasting

abiding

continuing

lasting

perennial

persistent

steadfast

unfaltering

unwavering

end zone

end zone end zones
In American football, an end zone is one of the areas at each end of the field that the ball must cross for a touchdown to be scored.
N-COUNT

enema

[D.J.:ˈenimə ˈenəmə]

[K.K.:ˈɛnəmə]

n.

灌肠剂

enema

enema enemas
If someone has an enema , a liquid is put into their bottom in order to make them empty their bowels, for example before they have an operation.
N-COUNT

enemy

[D.J.:ˈenimi]

[K.K.:ˈɛnəmi]

n.

仇敌, 敌人

敌军

enemy ***

1. enemy enemies
If someone is your enemy , they hate you or want to harm you.
N-COUNT

2. enemy enemies
If someone is your enemy , they are opposed to you and to what you think or do.

- The Government's political enemies were quick to pick up on this series of disasters.

N-COUNT

3. enemy
The enemy is an army or other force that is opposed to you in a war, or a country with which your country is at war.

- The enemy were pursued for two miles.

- He searched the skies for enemy bombers.

N-SING-COLL: the N, N n

4. enemy enemies
If one thing is the enemy of another thing, the second thing cannot happen or succeed because of the first thing. (FORMAL)

- Reform, as we know, is the enemy of revolution.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n

enemy

noun

foe

adversary

antagonist

competitor

opponent

rival

the opposition

the other side

energetic

[D.J.:ˌenəˈdʒetik]

[K.K.:ˌɛnɚˈdʒɛtɪk]

adj.

精力充沛的, 充满活力的

energetically

[D.J.:ˌenəˈd ʒetɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌ ɛnɚˈd ʒ ɛtɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

精力充沛地;积极地

energetic **

1. energetic
If you are energetic in what you do, you have a lot of enthusiasm and determination.

- Blackwell is 59, strong looking, enormously energetic and accomplished.

- The next government will play an energetic role in seeking multilateral nuclear disarmament.

ADJ-GRADED

2. energetically

- He talked on energetically.

- He had worked energetically all day on his new book.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. energetic
An energetic person is very active and does not feel at all tired. An energetic activity involves a lot of physical movement and power.

- Ten year-olds are incredibly energetic.

- ...an energetic exercise routine.

ADJ-GRADED

4. energetically

- Gretchen chewed energetically on the gristled steak.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

energetic

adjective

vigorous

active

animated

dynamic

forceful

indefatigable

lively

strenuous

tireless

energize

[D.J.:ˈenəˌdʒaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈɛnɚˌdʒaɪz]

vt.

给予…精力,能量

使通电

energize *

1. energize energizes energizing energized
To energize someone means to give them the enthusiasm and determination to do something.

- He helped energize and mobilize millions of people around the nation.

- I am completely energized and feeling terrific.

VB (BRIT) also energise

2. energizing

- Acupuncture has a harmonizing and energizing effect on mind and body.

ADJ-GRADED

energy

[D.J.:ˈenədʒi]

[K.K.:ˈɛnədʒi]

n.

活力, 干劲, 能力

精力

〈物〉能, 能量, 能源

energy ****

1. energy
Energy is the ability and strength to do active physical things and the feeling that you are full of physical power and life.

- He was saving his energy for next week's race in Belgium.

- We try to boost our energy by eating.

N-UNCOUNT

2. energy
Energy is determination and enthusiasm about doing things.

- At 54 years old her energy and looks are magnificent.

- You have drive and energy for those things you are interested in.

N-UNCOUNT approval

3. energy energies
Your energies are your efforts and attention, which you can direct towards a particular aim.

- She had started to devote her energies to teaching rather than performing.

- We must concentrate our energies on treating addiction first.

N-COUNT: usu pl, poss N

4. energy
Energy is the power from sources such as electricity and coal that makes machines work or provides heat.

- ...those who favour nuclear energy...

- Oil shortages have brought on an energy crisis.

- It doesn't take much to improve the energy efficiency of your home.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

energy

noun

vigour

drive

forcefulness

get-up-and-go informal

liveliness

pep

stamina

verve

vitality

enervated

[ˈenə:veitid]

adj.

衰弱的,无力的

enervated

enervated
If you feel enervated , you feel tired and weak. (FORMAL)

- Warm winds make many people feel enervated and depressed.

ADJ-GRADED

enervating

enervating
Something that is enervating makes you feel tired and weak. (FORMAL)

- Life was hard and enervating.

ADJ-GRADED

enfant terrible

enfant terrible enfants terribles
If you describe someone as an enfant terrible , you mean that they are clever but unconventional, and often cause problems or embarrassment for their friends or families. (LITERARY)

- He became known as the enfant terrible of British theater.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the N of n

enfeebled

enfeebled
If someone or something is enfeebled , they have become very weak. (FORMAL)

- He finds himself politically enfeebled as never before.

- A strike at the already enfeebled newspaper would almost certainly prove fatal.

ADJ-GRADED
= weakened

enfold

[D.J.:enˈfəʊld]

[K.K.:ɛnˈfold]

vt.

围住…, 抱紧…

enfold

1. enfold enfolds enfolding enfolded
If something enfolds an object or person, they cover, surround, or are wrapped around that object or person. (LITERARY)

- Aurora felt the opium haze enfold her.

- Wood was now comfortably enfolded in a woolly dressing-gown.

VB

2. enfold enfolds enfolding enfolded
If you enfold someone or something, you hold them close in a very gentle, loving way. (LITERARY)

- Thack came up behind him, enfolding him in his arms.

VB

enforce

[D.J.:inˈfɔ:s]

[K.K.:ɛnˈfɔrs, -ˈfors]

vt.

实施, 执行

强迫, 迫使

enforced

[inˈfɔ:sid]

n.

强迫的

enforce **

1. enforce enforces enforcing enforced
If people in authority enforce a law or a rule, they make sure that it is obeyed, usually by punishing people who do not obey it.

- Until now, the government has only enforced the ban with regard to American ships.

- The measures are being enforced by Interior Ministry troops.

VB

2. enforce enforces enforcing enforced
To enforce something means to force or cause it to be done or to happen.

- They struggled to limit the cost by enforcing a low-tech specification.

- David is now living in Beirut again after an enforced absence.

VB

enforce

verb

impose

administer

apply

carry out

execute

implement

insist on

prosecute

put into effect

enforceable

[inˈfɔ: səbl]

adj.

可强行的,可强迫的,可实施的

enforceable

enforceable
If something such as a law or agreement is enforceable , it can be enforced.

- ...the creation of legally enforceable contracts...

- This Human Rights Act is enforceable in the ordinary courts.

ADJ-GRADED

enforcement

[D.J.:ɪnˈfɔ:smənt]

n.

强制,实施,执行

enforcement **

enforcement
If someone carries out the enforcement of an act or rule, they enforce it.

- The doctors want stricter enforcement of existing laws, such as those banning sales of cigarettes to children.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

enfranchise

[D.J.:enˈfrænˌtʃaɪz]

[K.K.:ɛnˈfrænˌtʃaɪz]

vt.

给予选举权

enfranchisement

n.

enfranchisement

n.

释放,解放

enfranchise

enfranchise enfranchises enfranchising enfranchised
To enfranchise someone means to give them the right to vote in elections. (FORMAL)

- The company voted to enfranchise its 120 women members.

- If the city's foreign residents are enfranchised, they won't be able to vote until 1996.

VB

enfranchisement

enfranchisement
Enfranchisement is the condition of someone being enfranchised. (FORMAL)

- ...the enfranchisement of the country's blacks.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

engage

[D.J.:inˈɡeidʒ]

[K.K.:ɛnˈɡedʒ]

vt.

吸引, 占用

雇, 聘

答应, 保证

vt. & vi.

(使)从事于, (使)忙于

engaged

[D.J.:enˈgeɪdʒd]

[K.K.:ɛnˈɡedʒd]

adj.

已订婚的

与某人进行工作谈话的

(指电话)占线的

(指厕所等)有人用的

engagement

[D.J.:inˈɡeidʒmənt]

[K.K.:ɛnˈɡedʒmənt]

n.

订婚, 婚约

约会, 约定

engaging

[D.J.:enˈgeɪdʒɪŋ]

[K.K.:ɛnˈɡedʒɪŋ]

adj.

美丽动人的,有吸引力的

engagingly

adv.

有吸引力地

engagingly

adv.

动人地,吸引人地

engage ***

1. engage engages engaging engaged
If you engage in an activity, you do it or are actively involved with it. (FORMAL)

- I have never engaged in the drug trade.

- You can engage in croquet on the south lawn.

VB

2. engage engages engaging engaged
If something engages you or your attention or interest, it keeps you interested in it and thinking about it.

- They never learned skills to engage the attention of the others.

VB

3. engage engages engaging engaged
If you engage someone in conversation, you have a conversation with them.

- They tried to engage him in conversation.

- We want to engage recognized leaders in discussion.

VB

4. engage engages engaging engaged
If you engage with something or with a group of people, you get involved with that thing or group and feel that you are connected with it or have real contact with it.

- She found it hard to engage with office life.

- She had vowed to go out of her way to engage with the Irish people at local community level.

VB

5. engagement

- And she, too, suffers from a lack of critical engagement with the literary texts.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N with n

6. engage engages engaging engaged
If you engage someone to do a particular job, you appoint them to do it. (FORMAL)

- We engaged the services of a recognised engineer.

- He had been able to engage some staff.

VB

7. engage engages engaging engaged
When a part of a machine or other mechanism engages or when you engage it, it moves into a position where it fits into something else.

- Press the lever until you hear the catch engage.

- ...a lesson in how to engage the four-wheel drive.

V-ERG

8. engage engages engaging engaged
When a military force engages the enemy, it attacks them and starts a battle.

- It could engage the enemy beyond the range of hostile torpedoes.

VB

engaged **

1. engaged
Someone who is engaged in or engaged on a particular activity is doing that thing. (FORMAL)

- The police said they found the three engaged in target practice.

- ...the various projects he was engaged on.

ADJ: v-link ADJ in/on n

2. engaged
When two people are engaged , they have agreed to marry each other.

- We got engaged on my eighteenth birthday.

- He was engaged to Miss Julia Maria Boardman.

- ...the engaged couple.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n

3. engaged
If a telephone or a telephone line is engaged , it is already being used by someone else so that you are unable to speak to the person you are phoning. (BRIT; in AM use busy )

- The line is engaged.

- We tried to call you back but you were engaged.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

4. engaged
If a public toilet is engaged , it is already being used by someone else. (BRIT; in AM usually use occupied )
ADJ: v-link ADJ

engagement **

1. engagement engagements
An engagement is an arrangement that you have made to do something at a particular time. (FORMAL)

- He had an engagement at a restaurant in Greek Street at eight.

- ...business-related social engagements.

N-COUNT

2. engagement engagements
An engagement is an agreement that two people have made with each other to get married.

- I've broken off my engagement to Arthur.

- Announcing our engagement was a relief.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu poss N

3. engagement engagements
You can refer to the period of time during which two people are engaged as their engagement .

- I felt our engagement was quite an unhappy time.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu poss N

4. engagement engagements
A military engagement is an armed conflict between two enemies.

- The constitution prohibits them from military engagement on foreign soil.

N-VAR

engaging *

engaging
An engaging person or thing is pleasant, interesting, and entertaining.

- ...one of her most engaging and least known novels...

- He was engaging company.

ADJ-GRADED

engage

verb

1.

participate

embark on

enter into

join

set about

take part

undertake

2.

occupy

absorb

engross

grip

involve

preoccupy

3.

captivate

arrest

catch

fix

gain

4.

employ

appoint

enlist

enrol

hire

retain

take on

5.

begin battle with

assail

attack

encounter

fall on

join battle with

meet

take on

6.

set going

activate

apply

bring into operation

energize

switch on

engaged

adjective Military

1.

betrothed archaic

affianced

pledged

promised

spoken for

2.

occupied

busy

employed

in use

tied up

unavailable

engagement

noun

1.

appointment

arrangement

commitment

date

meeting

2.

betrothal

troth archaic

3.

battle

action

combat

conflict

encounter

fight

engaging

adjective

charming

agreeable

attractive

fetching informal

likable or likeable

pleasing

winning

winsome

engagement ring

engagement ring engagement rings
An engagement ring is a ring worn by a woman when she is engaged to be married.
N-COUNT

engender

[D.J.:enˈdʒendə]

[K.K.:ɛnˈdʒɛndɚ]

vt.

产生(某形势或状况), 造成, 引起

engender *

engender engenders engendering engendered
If someone or something engenders a particular feeling, atmosphere, or situation, they cause it to occur. (FORMAL)

- It helps engender a sense of common humanity.

- Mr Bowles could engender delight in students and musicians alike.

VB

engender

verb

produce

breed

cause

create

generate

give rise to

induce

instigate

lead to

engine

[D.J.:ˈendʒin]

[K.K.:ˈɛndʒɪn]

n.

发动机, 引擎

火车头, 火车机车

engine ****

1. engine engines
The engine of a car or other vehicle is the part that produces the power which makes the vehicle move.

- He got into the driving seat and started the engine.

- ...an engine failure that forced a jetliner to crash-land in a field.

N-COUNT

2. engine engines
An engine is also the large vehicle that pulls a railway train.

- In 1941, the train would have been pulled by a steam engine.

N-COUNT

engine

noun

machine

mechanism

motor

-engined

-engined
-engined combines with other words to show the number or type of engines that something has.

- ...the world's biggest twin-engined airliner.

- ...a petrol-engined Ford Transit.

COMB in ADJ

engineer

[D.J.:ˌendʒiˈniə]

[K.K.:ˌɛndʒəˈnɪr]

n.

工程师, 机械师; (火车)司机

vt.

设计, 建造, 监督

策划; 图谋

安排或处理

engineering

[D.J.:ˌendʒiˈniəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˌɛndʒəˈnɪrɪŋ]

n.

工程(学), 工程师行业

engineer ***

1. engineer engineers
An engineer is a person who uses scientific knowledge to design, construct, and maintain engines and machines or structures such as roads, railways, and bridges.
N-COUNT
See also chemical engineer , civil engineer , electrical engineer , sound engineer .

2. engineer engineers
An engineer is a person who repairs mechanical or electrical devices.

- They send a service engineer to fix the disk drive.

N-COUNT

3. engineer engineers
An engineer is a person who is responsible for maintaining the engine of a ship while it is at sea.
N-COUNT

4. engineer engineers engineering engineered
When a vehicle, bridge, or building is engineered , it is planned and constructed using scientific methods.

- Many of Kuwait's spacious freeways were engineered by W S Atkins.

- He needed to make his car look different from its better designed and engineered rivals.

VB: usu passive

5. engineer engineers engineering engineered
If you engineer an event or situation, you arrange for it to happen, in a clever or indirect way.

- He could stand no more and engineered an escape.

- Some people believe that his murder was engineered by Stalin.

VB

engineering ***

engineering
Engineering is the work involved in designing and constructing engines and machinery, or structures such as roads and bridges. Engineering is also the subject studied by people who want to do this work.

- ...the design and engineering of aircraft and space vehicles.

- ...graduates with degrees in engineering.

N-UNCOUNT
See also chemical engineering , civil engineering , electrical engineering , genetic engineering .

engineer

verb

bring about

contrive

create

devise

effect

mastermind

plan

plot

scheme

engine room

1. engine room engine rooms
On a boat or a ship, the engine room is the place where the engines are.
N-COUNT

2. engine room engine rooms
If you refer to something as the engine room of an organization or institution, you mean it is the most important or influential part of that organization or institution.

- These firms are regarded as the engine room of the British economy.

N-COUNT: oft the N of n

English

[D.J.:ˈɪŋglɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ]

n.

英语, 英文

英格兰人

the King’s/Queen’s English

(英国)纯正英语， 标准英语

adj.

英格兰的, 英国的, 英国人的

英语的, 用英语写的, 用英语说的

English ****

1. English
English means belonging or relating to England, or to its people or language. It is also often used to mean belonging or relating to Great Britain, although many people object to this.

- ...the English way of life...

- English students are forced to learn too much too soon.

ADJ

2. English
The English are English people.

- The English don't care for people like that.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. English
English is the language spoken by people who live in Great Britain and Ireland, the United States, Canada, Australia, and many other countries.

- Their knowledge of written English is certainly better.

- He uses tapes of this program to teach English.

- ...the English-speaking world.

N-UNCOUNT

English breakfast

English breakfast English breakfasts
An English breakfast is a breakfast consisting of cooked food such as bacon, eggs, sausages, and tomatoes. It also includes toast and tea or coffee. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

Englishman

[D.J.:ˈɪŋglɪʃmən]

[K.K.:ˈɪŋɡlɪʃmən]

n.

英格兰(男)人;英国(男)人

an Englishman’s home is his castle

英国人的家就是他的城堡(意即一个人的家是安全的私人场所)

Englishmen

n.

英国人

Englishman *

Englishman Englishmen
An Englishman is a man who comes from England.
N-COUNT

Englishwoman

[D.J.:ˈiŋɡliʃwumən]

[K.K.:ˈɪŋɡlɪʃˌwʊmən]

n.

英国女人,英格兰妇女

Englishwoman *

Englishwoman Englishwomen
An Englishwoman is a woman who comes from England.
N-COUNT

engorged

adj.

塞得满满的,过饱的

engorged

engorged
Something that is engorged is swollen, usually because it has been filled with a particular fluid.

- ...the tissues become engorged with blood.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n

engrave

[D.J.:inˈɡreiv]

[K.K.:ɛnˈɡrev]

vt.

在(硬物)上雕刻(字, 画等)

将某事物深深印在(记忆或头脑中)

engraving

[D.J.:enˈgreɪvɪŋ]

[K.K.:ɛnˈɡrevɪŋ]

n.

版画,雕版印刷品

雕刻(作品);雕刻艺术;镌版术

engrave *

engrave engraves engraving engraved
If you engrave something with a design or words, or if you engrave a design or words on it, you cut the design or words into its surface.

- Your wedding ring can be engraved with a personal inscription at no extra cost.

- Harrods will also engrave your child's name on the side.

- I'm having `John Law' engraved on the cap.

- ...a bottle engraved with her name.

- ...an engraved crystal goblet.

VB

engraved

engraved
If you say that something is engraved on your mind or memory or on your heart, you are emphasizing that you will never forget it, because it has made a very strong impression on you.

- Her image is engraved upon my heart.

- The drowning at Chappaquiddick, now more than 20 years ago, is still engraved in the collective memory of America.

ADJ: v-link ADJ in/on/upon n emphasis
= etched

engraving

1. engraving engravings
An engraving is a picture or design that has been cut into a surface.
N-COUNT

2. engraving engravings
An engraving is a picture that has been printed from a plate on which designs have been cut.

- ...a color engraving of oranges and lemons.

N-COUNT

engrave

verb

1.

carve

chisel

cut

etch

inscribe

2.

fix

embed

impress

imprint

ingrain

lodge

engraving

noun

carving

etching

inscription

plate

woodcut

engraver

[inˈɡreivə]

n.

雕刻师,雕工

engraver

engraver engravers
An engraver is someone who cuts designs or words on metal, glass, or wood.
N-COUNT

engrossed

[D.J.:ɪnˈ grəʊst]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɡrost]

adj.

全神贯注的,专心致志的

engrossed

engrossed
If you are engrossed in something, it holds your attention completely.

- Tony didn't notice because he was too engrossed in his work.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ in n

engrossed

adjective

absorbed

caught up

enthralled

fascinated

gripped

immersed

lost

preoccupied

rapt

riveted

engrossing

[D.J.:enˈgrəʊsɪŋ]

[K.K.:ɛnˈɡrosɪŋ]

adj.

使人全神贯注的;引人入胜的

engrossing

engrossing
Something that is engrossing is very interesting and holds your attention completely.

- He is an engrossing subject for a book.

ADJ-GRADED approval

engulf

[D.J.:enˈgʌlf]

[K.K.:ɛnˈɡʌlf]

vt.

吞没, 包住

engulf *

1. engulf engulfs engulfing engulfed
If one thing engulfs another, it completely covers or hides it, often in a sudden and unexpected way.

- A seven-year-old boy was found dead after a landslide engulfed a block of flats.

- The flat is engulfed in flames.

VB

2. engulf engulfs engulfing engulfed
If a feeling or emotion engulfs you, you are strongly affected by it.

- ...the pain that engulfed him...

- He looked around his dark, cluttered office and was engulfed by a feeling of emptiness.

VB

engulf

verb

immerse

envelop

inundate

overrun

overwhelm

submerge

swallow up

swamp

enhance

[D.J.:inˈhɑ:ns]

[K.K.:ɛnˈhæns]

vt.

提高, 增加, 加强

enhanced

[inˈhɑ:nst]

adj.

增强的,提高的,放大的

enhance ***

enhance enhances enhancing enhanced
To enhance something means to improve its value, quality, or attractiveness.

- They'll be keen to enhance their reputation abroad.

- The superb sets are enhanced by Bobby Crossman's marvellous costumes.

VB

enhance

verb

improve

add to

boost

heighten

increase

lift

reinforce

strengthen

swell

enhancement

[D.J.:ɪnˈhɑ:nsmənt]

n.

增强,增加,提高

用以增强、提高或美化之物

enhancement *

enhancement enhancements
The enhancement of something is the improvement of it in relation to its value, quality, or attractiveness. (FORMAL)

- Music is merely an enhancement to the power of her words.

- He was concerned with the enhancement of the human condition.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N of n

enhancer

[inˈhɑ:nsə]

n.

增加者,加强者,提高者；增强子

enhancer

enhancer enhancers
An enhancer is a substance or a device which makes a particular thing look, taste, or feel better.

- Cinnamon is an excellent flavour enhancer.

N-COUNT: usu n N

enigma

[D.J.:ɪˈnɪgmə]

[K.K.:ɪˈnɪɡmə]

n.

难于理解的问题、人、物、情况等;奥秘

enigma *

enigma enigmas
If you describe something or someone as an enigma , you mean they are mysterious or difficult to understand.

- Iran remains an enigma for the outside world.

- ...a story which makes clear the modern enigma of spirituality.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= mystery

enigma

noun

mystery

conundrum

problem

puzzle

riddle

teaser

enigmatic

[D.J.:ˌenɪgˈmætɪk]

[K.K.:ˌɛnɪɡˈmætɪk]

adj.

难以理解的,神秘的

enigmatically

adv.

莫名其妙地,难以理解地

enigmatic *

1. enigmatic
Someone or something that is enigmatic is mysterious and difficult to understand.

- Haley studied her, an enigmatic smile on his face.

- She starred in one of Welles's most enigmatic films.

ADJ-GRADED

2. enigmatically

- `Corbiere didn't deserve this,' she said enigmatically.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed/adj

enigmatic

adjective

mysterious

ambiguous

cryptic

equivocal

inscrutable

obscure

puzzling

unfathomable

enjoin

[D.J.:enˈdʒɔɪn]

[K.K.:ɛnˈdʒɔɪn]

vt.

命令

enjoin

1. enjoin enjoins enjoining enjoined
If you enjoin someone to do something, you order them to do it. If you enjoin an action or attitude, you order people to do it or have it. (FORMAL)

- She enjoined me strictly not to tell anyone else.

- It is true that Islam enjoins tolerance; there's no doubt about that.

- The positive neutrality enjoined on the force has now been overtaken by events.

VB

2. enjoin enjoins enjoining enjoined
If a judge enjoins someone from doing something, they order them not to do it. If a judge enjoins an action, they order people not to do it. (AM; FORMAL)

- The judge enjoined Varityper from using the ad in any way.

- ...a preliminary injunction enjoining the practice.

VB

enjoy

[D.J.:inˈdʒɔi]

[K.K.:ɛnˈdʒɔɪ]

vt.

喜欢; 欣赏

享有, 享受

玩得快乐, 过得快活

enjoy ****

1. enjoy enjoys enjoying enjoyed
If you enjoy something, you find pleasure and satisfaction in doing it or experiencing it.

- Ross had always enjoyed the company of women.

- He was a guy who enjoyed life to the full.

- I enjoyed playing cricket.

VB

2. enjoy enjoys enjoying enjoyed
If you enjoy yourself, you do something that you like doing or you take pleasure in the situation that you are in.

- I must say I am really enjoying myself at the moment.

VB

3. enjoy enjoys enjoying enjoyed
If you enjoy something such as a right, benefit, or privilege, you have it. (FORMAL)

- The average German will enjoy 40 days' paid holiday this year.

- He enjoys a reputation for honesty.

VB

enjoy

verb

1.

take pleasure in or from

appreciate

be entertained by

be pleased with

delight in

like

relish

2.

have

be blessed or favoured with

experience

have the benefit of

own

possess

reap the benefits of

use

enjoyable

[D.J.:ɪnˈdʒɔɪəbl]

adj.

愉快的,快乐的

enjoyably

adv.

愉快地,快乐地

enjoyably

adv.

可享乐地,愉快地,有趣地

enjoyable **

1. enjoyable
Something that is enjoyable gives you pleasure.

- It was much more enjoyable than I had expected.

- ...the most enjoyable activity they did.

ADJ-GRADED

2. enjoyably

- ...an enjoyably nasty thriller.

- ...the place in which he has enjoyably spent his working life.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

enjoyable

adjective

pleasurable

agreeable

delightful

entertaining

gratifying

pleasant

satisfying

to one's liking

enjoyment

[D.J.:enˈdʒɔɪmənt]

[K.K.:ɛnˈdʒɔɪmənt]

n.

愉快,欢乐,满意;令人愉快的事物

enjoyment *

enjoyment
Enjoyment is the feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you have when you do or experience something that you like.

- I apologise if your enjoyment of the movie was spoiled.

- ...her enjoyment of the beauty of the countryside.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

enjoyment

noun

pleasure

amusement

delectation

delight

entertainment

fun

gratification

happiness

joy

relish

enlarge

[D.J.:inˈlɑ:dʒ]

[K.K.:ɛnˈlɑrdʒ]

vt. & vi.

扩大, 扩展, 扩充

放大

enlarging

[inˈlɑ:dʒiŋ]

扩大

enlarge **

1. enlarge enlarges enlarging enlarged
When you enlarge something or when it enlarges , it becomes bigger.

- ...the plan to enlarge Ewood Park into a 30,000 all-seater stadium...

- The glands in the neck may enlarge.

V-ERG

2. enlarged

- The UN secretary-general yesterday recommended an enlarged peacekeeping force.

ADJ-GRADED

3. enlarge enlarges enlarging enlarged
To enlarge a photograph means to develop a bigger print of it.

- ...newly-weds wishing to enlarge snaps of their big day.

VB

4. enlarge enlarges enlarging enlarged
If you enlarge on something that has been mentioned, you give more details about it. (FORMAL)

- He didn't enlarge on the form that the interim government and assembly would take.

- I wish to enlarge upon a statement made by Gary Docking.

VB
= expand

enlarge

verb

1.

increase

add to

amplify

broaden

expand

extend

grow

magnify

swell

widen

enlarge on

2.

expand on

descant on

develop

elaborate on

expatiate on

give further details about

enlargement

[D.J.:enˈlɑ:dʒmənt]

[K.K.:ɛnˈlɑrdʒmənt]

n.

扩大,放大;已扩大或放大之物

enlargement *

1. enlargement
The enlargement of something is the process or result of making it bigger.

- There is insufficient space for enlargement of the buildings.

- ...the Community's enlargement.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

2. enlargement enlargements
An enlargement is a photograph that has been made bigger.
N-COUNT

enlarger

[inˈlɑ:dʒə]

n.

放大机,扩大者,增补者

enlarger

enlarger enlargers
An enlarger is a device which makes an image larger.
N-COUNT

enlighten

[D.J.:inˈlaitən]

[K.K.:ɛnˈlaɪtn]

vt.

启发, 开导

enlightened

[D.J.:ɪnˈlaɪtɵnd]

adj.

开明的,有知识的,有见识的

enlighten *

1. enlighten enlightens enlightened
To enlighten someone means to give them more knowledge and greater understanding about something. (FORMAL)

- A few dedicated doctors have fought for years to enlighten the profession.

- I cannot remember how the trains turned round to return to London. Could you please enlighten me?

VB: no cont

2. enlightening

- A representative from Shaldon Wildlife Trust gave an enlightening talk on the work done at the animal park.

- It can be an enormously enlightening and exciting experience.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

enlightened *

enlightened
If you describe someone or their attitudes as enlightened , you mean that they have sensible, modern attitudes and ways of dealing with things.

- A number of enlightened landowners have recently set an example by making land available at less than normal market value.

- ...an enlightened policy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

enlighten

verb

inform

advise

cause to understand

counsel

edify

educate

instruct

make aware

teach

enlightened

adjective

informed

aware

civilized

cultivated

educated

knowledgeable

open-minded

reasonable

sophisticated

enlightenment

[D.J.:enˈlaɪtnmənt]

[K.K.:ɛnˈlaɪtn..mənt]

n.

启发,开导,开明;文明

enlightenment *

1. enlightenment
Enlightenment means the act of enlightening or the state of being enlightened.

- Stella had a moment of enlightenment.

N-UNCOUNT

2. enlightenment
In Buddhism, enlightenment is a final spiritual state in which everything is understood and there is no more suffering or desire.

- Meditation may bring not only a sense of deep peace, but also spiritual enlightenment.

N-UNCOUNT

enlightenment

noun

understanding

awareness

comprehension

education

insight

instruction

knowledge

learning

wisdom

enlist

[D.J.:inˈlist]

[K.K.:ɛnˈlɪst]

vt. & vi.

(使)入伍, (使)参军

vt.

获得(帮助或支持)

enlist *

1. enlist enlists enlisting enlisted
If someone enlists or is enlisted , they join the army, navy, marines, or air force.

- Michael Hughes of Lackawanna, Pennsylvania, enlisted in the 82nd Airborne 20 years ago.

- He enlisted as a private in the Mexican War.

- Three thousand men were enlisted.

- He decided to enlist.

V-ERG

2. enlist enlists enlisting enlisted
If you enlist the help of someone, you persuade them to help or support you in doing something.

- I had to cut down a tree and enlist the help of seven neighbours to get it out of the garden!.

- I've read that you've enlisted some 12-year-olds to help out in your campaign.

- The prince has also enlisted his two daughters in the effort to avoid the press.

VB

enlisted

enlisted
An enlisted man or woman is a member of the United States armed forces who is below the rank of officer.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

enlist

verb

1.

join up

enrol

enter (into)

join

muster

register

sign up

volunteer

2.

obtain

engage

procure

recruit

enlistment

[D.J.:ɪnˈlɪstmənt]

n.

应征入伍;获得,取得

enlistment

1. enlistment
Enlistment is the act of joining the army, navy, marines, or air force.

- Canadians seek enlistment in the US Marines because they don't see as much opportunity in the Canadian armed forces.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. enlistment enlistments
Enlistment is the period of time for which someone is a member of one of the armed forces.

- On completion of my term of enlistment I decided to leave and return to civilian life.

N-VAR
= service

enliven

[D.J.:enˈlaɪvən]

[K.K.:ɛnˈlaɪvən]

vt.

使(某人或某物)更活跃或更愉快

enliven *

enliven enlivens enlivening enlivened
To enliven events, situations, or people means to make them more lively or cheerful.

- I love the way a good flirtation can enliven the most mundane situation.

- Even the most boring meeting was enlivened by Dan's presence.

VB

enliven

verb

cheer up

animate

excite

inspire

invigorate

pep up

rouse

spark

stimulate

vitalize

en masse *

en masse
If a group of people do something en masse , they do it all together and at the same time.

- The people marched en masse.

- ...the arrival en masse of the Latin American delegates.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV

enmeshed

enmeshed
If you are enmeshed in or with something, usually something bad, you are involved in it and cannot easily escape from it.

- And yet, all too often they become enmeshed in routines that are deadening and distracting.

- ...as her life gets enmeshed with Andrew's.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ in/with n

enmity

[D.J.:ˈenmɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈɛnmɪti]

n.

仇恨,敌意,敌视;敌对的状态

enmity

enmity enmities
Enmity is a feeling of hatred towards someone that lasts for a long time.

- I think there is an historic enmity between them.

- President Mitterrand arrived in Hanoi yesterday to bury old colonial and cold war enmities.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N between pl-n

enmity

noun

hostility

acrimony

animosity

bad blood

bitterness

hatred

ill will

malice

ennoble

[D.J.:iˈnəubl]

[K.K.:ɛnˈnobəl]

vt.

封…为贵族,使高贵

ennoble

1. ennoble ennobles ennobling ennobled
To ennoble someone or something means to make them more dignified and morally better. (LITERARY)

- Our focus should be on the enduring fundamental principles of life that ennoble mankind.

VB

2. ennobling

- ...lofty rhetoric about the ennobling and civilizing power of education.

ADJ-GRADED

3. ennoble ennobles ennobling ennobled
If someone is ennobled , they are made a member of the nobility. (FORMAL)

- ...the son of a financier who had been ennobled for arranging an important government loan in 1836.

- ...the newly ennobled Lord Archer.

VB: usu passive

ennoble

verb

dignify

aggrandize

elevate

enhance

exalt

glorify

honour

magnify

raise

ennui

[D.J.:ɔˈnwi:]

[K.K.:ɑnˈwi, ˈɑnwi]

n.

厌倦, 无聊

ennui

ennui
Ennui is a feeling of being tired, bored, and dissatisfied. (LITERARY)
N-UNCOUNT

enormity

[D.J.:ɪˈnɔ:mɪti:]

[K.K.:ɪˈnɔrmɪti]

n.

穷凶极恶

弥天大罪

巨大,极大

enormity

1. enormity
If you refer to the enormity of something that you consider to be a problem or difficulty, you are referring to its very great size, extent, or seriousness.

- I was numbed by the enormity of the responsibility.

- He was anxious about the enormity of the task ahead.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n

2. enormity
If you refer to the enormity of an event, you are emphasizing that it is terrible and frightening.

- It makes no sense to belittle the enormity of the disaster which has occurred.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n emphasis

3. enormity enormities
An enormity is an action that is considered totally unacceptable. (FORMAL)

- ...the enormities they committed.

- ...the enormity of what slavery meant.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

enormity

noun

1.

wickedness

atrocity

depravity

monstrousness

outrageousness

vileness

villainy

2.

atrocity

abomination

crime

disgrace

evil

horror

monstrosity

outrage

3.

hugeness

greatness

immensity

magnitude

vastness

enormous

[D.J.:iˈnɔ:məs]

[K.K.:ɪˈnɔrməs]

adj.

巨大的, 极大的, 庞大的

enormously

[D.J.:ɪˈn ɔ:məslɪ]

[K.K.:ɪˈn ɔrməslɪ]

adv.

巨大地,庞大地

enormous ***

1. enormous
Something that is enormous is extremely large in size or amount.

- The main bedroom is enormous.

- There is, of course, an enormous amount to see.

ADJ-GRADED

2. enormous
You can use enormous to emphasize the great degree or extent of something.

- It was an enormous disappointment.

- ...his enormous capacity for brutality.

ADJ: usu ADJ n emphasis

3. enormously

- This book was enormously influential.

- The new database will help horse breeders enormously.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v

enormous

adjective Informal

huge

colossal

gigantic

gross

immense

mammoth

massive

mountainous

tremendous

vast

enough

[D.J.:iˈnʌf]

[K.K.:ɪˈnʌf]

adv.

足够地, 充足地

相当

adj.

充足的, 足够的, 充分的

n.

充分, 足够

enough *****

1. enough
Enough means as much as you need or as much as is necessary.

- They had enough cash for a one-way ticket.

- There aren't enough tents to shelter them from the start of the rainy season.

DET: DET n-uncount/pl-n

2. enough
Also an adverb.

- I was old enough to work and earn money.

- Do you believe that sentences for criminals are tough enough at present?.

- She graduated with high enough marks to apply for university.

ADV: adj/adv ADV, ADV after v, oft ADV to-inf

3. enough
Also a pronoun.

- Although the UK says efforts are being made, they are not doing enough.

PRON

4. enough
Also a quantifier.

- All parents worry about whether their child is getting enough of the right foods.

QUANT: QUANT of def-n

5. enough
Also an adjective.

- It was downright panic -- the frozen expressions on the faces of the actors was proof enough of that.

ADJ: n ADJ

6. enough
If you say that something is enough , you mean that you do not want it to continue any longer or get any worse.

- I met him only the once, and that was enough.

- I think I have said enough.

- You've got enough to think about for the moment.

PRON

7. enough
Also a quantifier.

- Ann had heard enough of this.

- He had messed up enough of these occasions to give rise to some anxieties.

QUANT: QUANT of def-n

8. enough
Also a determiner.

- I've had enough problems with the police, I don't need this.

- Would you shut up, please! I'm having enough trouble with these children!

DET: DET pl-n/n-uncount

9. enough
Also an adverb.

- I'm serious, things are difficult enough as they are.

ADV: adj ADV

10. enough
You can also use enough to say that something is the case to a moderate or fairly large degree.

- Winter is a common enough German surname.

- I got this phone call from a gentleman, who seemed sincere enough.

- The rest of the evening passed pleasantly enough.

ADV: adj/adv ADV

11. enough
You use enough in expressions such as strangely enough and interestingly enough to indicate that you think a fact is strange or interesting.

- Strangely enough, the last thing he thought of was his beloved Tanya.

- Her latest conquest is an Italian who, interestingly enough, doesn't speak a word of his native language.

ADV: adv ADV with cl

12. enough
If you say ` enough is enough ', you mean that you want something that is happening to stop.

- Stop asking questions! You should know when enough is enough.

PHR: V inflects

13. enough
If you say that you have had enough , you mean that you are unhappy with a situation and you want it to stop.

- I've had enough -- there are limits even for the patience of a saint!.

- I had had enough of other people for one night.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR of n

14. enough
If you say ` enough said ', you mean that what you have just said is enough to make a point clear, and that there is no need to say any more.

- My husband is a jazz musician. Enough said.

CONVENTION
= say no more

15. enough
You say ` that's enough ' to tell someone, especially a child, to stop behaving in a silly, noisy, or unpleasant way.
CONVENTION

enough

adjective

1.

sufficient

abundant

adequate

ample

plenty

noun

2.

sufficiency

abundance

adequacy

ample supply

plenty

right amount

adverb

3.

sufficiently

abundantly

adequately

amply

reasonably

satisfactorily

tolerably

enrage

[D.J.:enˈreɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ɛnˈredʒ]

vt.

使暴怒

enrage *

1. enrage enrages enraging enraged
If you are enraged by something, it makes you extremely angry.

- Craig Tibbles, a tree surgeon, was enraged by news of plans to demolish the pub.

- He enraged the government by renouncing the agreement.

VB

2. enraged

- I began getting more and more enraged at my father.

- The enraged crowd stoned the car, then set it on fire.

ADJ-GRADED

enrage

verb

anger

exasperate

incense

inflame

infuriate

madden

enrapture

[D.J.:enˈræptʃə]

[K.K.:ɛnˈræptʃɚ]

vt.

使狂喜

enrapture

enrapture enraptures enrapturing enraptured
If something or someone enraptures you, you think they are wonderful or fascinating. (LITERARY)

- The place at once enraptured me.

- The 20,000-strong audience listened, enraptured.

- He played to an enraptured audience at the Queen Elizabeth Hall.

VB
= enchant

enrich

[D.J.:inˈritʃ]

[K.K.:ɛnˈrɪtʃ]

vt.

使富有, 使富裕

充实, 使丰富

enriched

浓缩的,富集的,强化的

enrich *

1. enrich enriches enriching enriched
To enrich something means to improve its quality, usually by adding something to it.

- An extended family enriches life in many ways.

- It is important to enrich the soil prior to planting.

VB

2. -enriched

- ...nutrient-enriched water.

COMB in ADJ

3. enrich enriches enriching enriched
To enrich someone means to increase the amount of money that they have.

- He will drain, rather than enrich, the country.

- Those who know how to use the system can enrich themselves at the expense of the very people who work for those companies.

VB

4. enrich enriches enriching enriched
To enrich a nuclear fuel such as uranium means to increase the number of atoms of a particular kind in it, so that it can be used to produce more energy or a greater explosion. (TECHNICAL)

- It was actually used for enriching uranium to weapons-grade levels.

VB

enrich

verb

1.

enhance

augment

develop

improve

refine

supplement

2.

make rich

make wealthy

enrichment

[D.J.:inˈritʃmənt]

[K.K.:ɛnˈrɪtʃmənt]

n.

发财致富,丰富,肥沃,浓缩,富集

enrichment *

enrichment
Enrichment is the act of enriching someone or something or the state of being enriched.

- ...with all the different groups contributing to the enrichment of society.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

enrol

[D.J.:inˈrəul]

[K.K.:ɛnˈrol]

vt. & vi.

招收, 吸收

入学, 加入

enrol *

enrol enrols enrolling enrolled
If you enrol or are enrolled at an institution or on a course, you officially join it and pay a fee for it.

- Cherny was enrolled at the University in 1945.

- She enrolled on a local Women Into Management course.

- At 33 he enrolled in a glass-making degree course at London's Royal College of Art.

- I thought I'd enrol you with an art group at the school.

V-ERG (AM) enroll

enrol

verb

enlist

accept

admit

join up

recruit

register

sign up or on

take on

enrolment

[D.J.:ɪnˈrəʊlmənt]

n.

登记,注册,入伍,入会

注册,入会,入学等的人数

enrolment

1. enrolment
Enrolment is the act of enrolling at an institution or on a course.

- A fee is charged for each year of study and is payable at enrolment.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) enrollment

2. enrolment enrolments
An enrolment is the number of people who are enrolled at an institution or on a course.

- By 1922 the public schools had an enrolment of nearly 16,000 students.

N-COUNT: usu sing (AM) enrollment

enrolment

noun

enlistment

acceptance

admission

engagement

matriculation

recruitment

registration

ensconced

ensconced
If you are ensconced somewhere, you are settled there firmly or comfortably and have no intention of moving or leaving.

- Brian was ensconced behind the bar.

- She looked at Miss Melville, snugly ensconced among her new friends.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep/adv

ensemble

[D.J.:ɑ:nˈsɑ:mbl]

[K.K.:ɑnˈsɑmbəl]

n.

〈法〉整体, 总效果

全套服装(尤指女装)

〈音〉合奏, 合唱; 合奏组

ensemble *

1. ensemble ensembles
An ensemble is a group of musicians, actors, or dancers who regularly perform together.

- ...an ensemble of young musicians...

- He has also formed an exciting ensemble from his dancers.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. ensemble
In the arts, ensemble acting or playing is the fact or technique of playing or performing well together. (TECHNICAL)

- Foote's most recent play, `Dividing the Estate,' is an ensemble piece.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. ensemble ensembles
An ensemble of things or people is a group of things or people considered as a whole rather than as separate individuals. (FORMAL)

- The state is an ensemble of political and social structures.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n
= collection

4. ensemble ensembles
An ensemble is a set of clothes which have been chosen to look nice together. (FORMAL)

- ...elegant designs, including navy and white ensembles and extravagant feathered hats.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= outfit

ensemble

noun

1.

whole

aggregate

collection

entirety

set

sum

total

totality

2.

outfit

costume

get-up informal

suit

3.

group

band

cast

chorus

company

troupe

enshrine

[D.J.:enˈʃraɪn]

[K.K.:ɛnˈʃraɪn]

vt.

放置或保存某物于…

作为神龛以保存某物

enshrine *

enshrine enshrines enshrining enshrined
If something such as an idea or a right is enshrined in something such as a constitution or law, it is protected by it.

- His new relationship with Germany is enshrined in a new non-aggression treaty.

- The apartheid system which enshrined racism in law still existed.

VB

enshroud

[D.J.:inˈʃraud]

[K.K.:ɛnˈʃraʊd]

vt.

掩盖,隐蔽

enshroud

enshroud enshrouds enshrouding enshrouded
To enshroud something means to cover it completely so that it can no longer be seen. (LITERARY)

- ...dispiriting clouds that enshrouded us in twilight.

- ...the culture of secrecy which enshrouds our politics.

VB

ensign

[D.J.:ˈensən, -ˌsaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈɛnsən, -ˌsaɪn]

n.

旗,旗帜

<美>海军少尉

ensign *

1. ensign ensigns
An ensign is a flag flown on a ship to show what country the ship belongs to.
N-COUNT

2. ensign
An ensign is a junior officer in the United States Navy.

- He had been a naval ensign stationed off Cuba.

- ...Ensign Smith.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

ensign

noun

flag

banner

colours

jack

pennant

pennon

standard

streamer

enslave

[D.J.:enˈsleɪv]

[K.K.:ɛnˈslev]

vt.

①使成为奴隶;奴役

<正>使受控制;征服;制伏

enslavement

n.

enslavement

[inˈsleivmənt]

n.

奴役,强制

enslave

1. enslave enslaves enslaving enslaved
To enslave someone means to make them into a slave.

- They've been enslaved and had to do what they were told.

- I'd die myself before I'd let anyone enslave your folk ever again.

- ...George Gordon, born to an enslaved African mother and European landowner-farmer.

VB

2. enslave enslaves enslaving enslaved
To enslave a person or society means to trap them in a situation from which they cannot escape.

- ...the various cultures, cults and religions that have enslaved human beings for untold years...

- It would be a tragedy if both sexes were enslaved, as men have always been, to the god of work.

VB

enslavement

1. enslavement
Enslavement is the act of making someone into a slave or the state of being a slave.

- The enslavement of African people must be the biggest crime in the whole of history.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

2. enslavement
Enslavement is the state of being trapped in a situation from which it is difficult to escape.

- ...the analysis of women's enslavement to appearance.

- ...the enslavement to technology.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N, adj N, N to n

ensnare

[D.J.:enˈsneə]

[K.K.:ɛnˈsnɛr]

vt.

诱捕,使入陷阱,使入圈套

ensnare

1. ensnare ensnares ensnaring ensnared
If you ensnare someone, you gain power over them, especially by using dishonest or deceitful methods.

- Feminism is simply another device to ensnare women.

- We find ourselves ensnared in employment acts which do not help resolve industrial disputes.

VB

2. ensnare ensnares ensnaring ensnared
If an animal is ensnared , it is caught in a trap.

- The spider must wait for prey to be ensnared on its web.

VB

ensue

[D.J.:inˈsju:]

[K.K.:ɛnˈsu]

vi.

接着发生, 因而产生

ensue *

ensue ensues ensued
If something ensues , it happens immediately after another event, usually as a result of it.

- If the Europeans did not reduce subsidies, a trade war would ensue.

- A brief but embarrassing silence ensued.

VB: no cont
= follow

ensue

verb

follow

arise

come next

derive

flow

issue

proceed

result

stem

ensuing

[D.J.:enˈsju:ɪŋ]

[K.K.:ɛnˈsjuɪŋ]

adj.

(只用于名词前)接着发生的;接踵而至的

ensuing *

1. ensuing
Ensuing events happen immediately after other events.

- The ensuing argument had been bitter.

- ...any ensuing problems.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. ensuing
Ensuing months or years follow the time you are talking about.

- The two companies grew tenfold in the ensuing ten years.

ADJ: det ADJ

en suite

en suite
An en suite bathroom is next to a bedroom and can only be reached by a door in the bedroom. An en suite bedroom has an en suite bathroom. (BRIT; in AM usually use private bathroom )

- The master bedroom has its own en suite bathroom.

- ...a small hotel with 14 en suite bedrooms.

ADJ: ADJ n

ensure

[D.J.:inˈʃuə]

[K.K.:ɛnˈʃʊr]

vt.

确保, 担保

担保获得[避免]

ensure ****

ensure ensures ensuring ensured
To ensure something, or to ensure that something happens, means to make certain that it happens. (FORMAL)

- Britain's negotiators had ensured that the treaty which resulted was a significant change in direction.

- Ensure that it is written into your contract.

- South Africa's parliament has decided to abolish the President's Council, which ensures the supremacy of the National Party.

VB

ensure

verb

1.

make certain

certify

confirm

effect

guarantee

make sure

secure

warrant

2.

protect

guard

make safe

safeguard

secure

entail

[D.J.:inˈteil]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtel, ɪn-]

vt.

使…成为必要, 需要

限定继承

entail *

entail entails entailing entailed
If one thing entails another, it involves it or causes it. (FORMAL)

- Such a decision would entail a huge political risk in the midst of the presidential campaign.

- The changed outlook entails higher economic growth than was previously assumed.

- The job of a choreologist entails teaching dancers the technique and performance of dance movements.

- I'll never accept parole because that entails me accepting guilt.

VB

entail

verb

involve

bring about

call for

demand

give rise to

necessitate

occasion

require

entangle

[D.J.:enˈtæŋgəl]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtæŋɡəl]

vt.

使某人(某物/自己)缠绕,纠缠于(某物中);使某人(自己)陷入(困难或复杂的环境中)

entangled

[D.J.:ɪnˈtæ ŋ gld]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtæ ŋɡ l..d]

adj.

卷入的;陷入的

被缠住的；缠在一起的

entangle *

1. entangle entangles entangling entangled
If one thing entangles itself with another, the two things become caught together very tightly.

- The blade of the oar had entangled itself with the strap of her bag.

VB

2. entangle entangles entangling entangled
If something entangles you in problems or difficulties, it causes you to become involved in problems or difficulties from which it is hard to escape.

- Bureaucracy can entangle ventures for months.

- His tactics were to entangle the opposition in a web of parliamentary procedure.

VB

entangled

1. entangled
If something is entangled in something such as a rope, wire, or net, it is caught in it very firmly.

- Divers battled for hours to try to free a whale that became entangled in crab nets.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ in/with n

2. entangled
If you become entangled in problems or difficulties, you become involved in problems or difficulties from which it is hard to escape.

- This case was bound to get entangled in international politics.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ in/with n

entangle

verb

1.

tangle

catch

embroil

enmesh

ensnare

entrap

implicate

snag

snare

trap

2.

mix up

complicate

confuse

jumble

muddle

perplex

puzzle

entanglement

[D.J.:ɪnˈtæŋglmənt]

n.

瓜葛;牵连;纠缠;缠住

entanglement

1. entanglement entanglements
An entanglement is a complicated or difficult relationship or situation.

- ...romantic entanglements.

- ...a military and political entanglement the Government probably doesn't want.

N-COUNT

2. entanglement entanglements
If things become entangled, you can refer to this as entanglement .

- Many dolphins are accidentally killed through entanglement with fishing equipment.

N-VAR

entente

[D.J.:ə:nˈtɑ:nt]

[K.K.:ɑnˈtɑnt]

n.

〈法〉协定,协约,有协定关系的各国(党派)

entente

entente ententes
An entente or an entente cordiale is a friendly agreement between two or more countries.

- The French entente with Great Britain had already been significantly extended.

- Electoral pacts would not work, but an entente cordiale might.

N-VAR

enter

[D.J.:ˈentə]

[K.K.:ˈɛntɚ]

vt. & vi.

进入, 进去

参加, 加入

登记, 登录

entering

插入,输入,记入

enter ****

1. enter enters entering entered
When you enter a place such as a room or building, you go into it or come into it. (FORMAL)

- He entered the room briskly and stood near the door.

- Before entering the bathroom, he emptied his dirty laundry into the hamper.

- As soon as I entered, they stopped and turned my way.

VB

2. enter enters entering entered
If you enter an organization or institution, you start to work there or become a member of it.

- He entered the BBC as a general trainee.

- She entered a convent.

VB

3. enter enters entering entered
If something new enters your mind, you suddenly think about it.

- Whenever thoughts of his baby daughter enter his mind a smile appears on Jeremy's face.

- Dreadful doubts began to enter my mind.

VB
= cross

4. enter enters entering entered
If it does not enter your head to do, think or say something, you do not think of doing that thing although you should have done.

- It never enters his mind that anyone is better than him.

- Though it had always been within her power to detach herself, it had not seriously entered her head to do so.

VB: with brd-neg

5. enter enters entering entered
If someone or something enters a particular situation or period of time, they start to be in it or part of it.

- China enters a new five-year plan period next year.

- The war has entered its second month.

- A million young people enter the labour market each year.

- The phrase has already entered the language.

VB

6. enter enters entering entered
If you enter a competition, race, or examination, you officially state that you will compete or take part in it.

- I run so well I'm planning to enter some races.

- As a boy soprano he entered for many competitions, winning several gold medals.

- To enter, simply complete the coupon on page 150.

VB

7. enter enters entering entered
If you enter someone for a race or competition, you officially state that they will compete or take part in it.

- His wife Marie secretly entered him for the Championship.

- ...some of the 150 projects entered for the awards.

VB

8. enter enters entering entered
If you enter something in a notebook, register, or financial account, you write it down.

- Each week she meticulously entered in her notebooks all sums received.

- Prue entered the passage in her notebook, then read it aloud again.

VB

9. enter enters entering entered
To enter information into a computer or database means to record it there, for example by typing it on a keyboard.

- When a baby is born, they enter that baby's name into the computer.

- Postcodes will be entered into the statisticians' computers.

- A lot less time is now spent entering the data.

VB

enter

verb

1.

come or go in or into

arrive

make an entrance

pass into

penetrate

pierce

2.

join

commence

embark upon

enlist

enrol

set out on

start

take up

3.

record

inscribe

list

log

note

register

set down

take down

enter into ****

1. enter into enters into; entering into; entered into
If you enter into something such as an agreement, discussion, or relationship, you become involved in it. You can also say that two people enter into something. (FORMAL)

- I have not entered into any financial agreements with them.

- We entered into meaningful discussions with them weeks ago.

- There has been some talk recently that the United States and Canada may enter into an agreement that would allow easier access to jobs across the border.

- ...when a mutually beneficial contract is freely entered into by two adults...

- No correspondence will be entered into.

PHR-V-RECIP

2. enter into enters into; entering into; entered into
If one thing enters into another, it is a factor in it. (FORMAL)

- There were also other factors that entered into the orchestration.

PHR-V

enterprise

[D.J.:ˈentəpraiz]

[K.K.:ˈɛntɚˌpraɪz]

n.

事业, 计划

事业心, 进取心

企[事]业单位, 公司

enterprise ***

1. enterprise enterprises
An enterprise is a company or business, often a small one.

- There are plenty of small industrial enterprises.

- ...the integration of farming enterprises.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft adj N

2. enterprise enterprises
An enterprise is something new, difficult, or important that you do or try to do.

- ...the first Director of such a novel enterprise...

- Horse breeding is indeed a risky enterprise.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= venture

3. enterprise
Enterprise is the activity of managing companies and businesses and starting new ones.

- He is still involved in voluntary work promoting local enterprise.

- ...a national program of subsidies to private enterprise.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

4. enterprise
Enterprise is the ability to think of new and effective things to do, together with an eagerness to do them.

- ...the spirit of enterprise worthy of a free and industrious people.

- ...the group's lack of enterprise.

N-UNCOUNT approval

enterprise

noun

1.

firm

business

company

concern

establishment

operation

2.

undertaking

adventure

effort

endeavour

operation

plan

programme

project

venture

3.

initiative

adventurousness

boldness

daring

drive

energy

enthusiasm

resourcefulness

enterprising

[D.J.:ˈentəˌpraɪzɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɛntɚˌpraɪzɪŋ]

adj.

有事业心的,有胆量的

enterprising *

enterprising
An enterprising person is willing to try out new, unusual ways of doing or achieving something.

- Debra is a very enterprising young black business-woman who is involved in a lot of activities.

- Some enterprising members found ways of reducing their expenses or raising their incomes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

enterprising

adjective

resourceful

adventurous

bold

daring

energetic

enthusiastic

go-ahead

intrepid

spirited

entertain

[D.J.:ˌentəˈtein]

[K.K.:ˌɛntɚˈten]

vt. & vi.

款待, 招待

vt.

使欢乐, 使娱乐

抱有, 考虑

entertaining

[D.J.:ˌentəˈteɪnɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˌɛntɚˈtenɪŋ]

adj.

有趣的;娱乐的;使人愉快的

entertainingly

adv.

entertain ***

1. entertain entertains entertaining entertained
If a performer, performance, or activity entertains you, it amuses you, interests you, or gives you pleasure.

- ...games and ideas to entertain children...

- They were entertained by top singers, dancers and celebrities.

- Children's television not only entertains but also teaches.

VB

2. entertaining

- To generate new money the sport needs to be more entertaining.

- This is a surprisingly entertaining film.

- Miro is the most inventive and entertaining of surrealist painters.

ADJ-GRADED

3. entertain entertains entertaining entertained
If you entertain people, you provide food and drink for them, for example by inviting them to your house.

- I don't like to entertain guests anymore.

- You weren't allowed to entertain men in your rooms even with a chaperone.

- The Monroes continued to entertain extravagantly.

VB

4. entertaining

- ...a cosy area for entertaining and relaxing.

N-UNCOUNT

5. entertain entertains entertaining entertained
If you entertain an idea or suggestion, you allow yourself to consider it as possible or as worth thinking about seriously. (FORMAL)

- I feel how foolish I am to entertain doubts.

- I wouldn't entertain the idea of such an unsociable job.

VB

entertain

verb

1.

amuse

charm

cheer

delight

please

regale

2.

show hospitality to

accommodate

be host to

harbour

have company

lodge

put up

treat

3.

consider

conceive

contemplate

imagine

keep in mind

think about

entertaining

adjective

enjoyable

amusing

cheering

diverting

funny

humorous

interesting

pleasant

pleasurable

entertainer

[D.J.:ˌentəˈteɪnə]

n.

(娱乐节目的)表演者;艺人

entertainer *

entertainer entertainers
An entertainer is a person whose job is to entertain audiences, for example by telling jokes, singing, or dancing.

- Some have called him the greatest entertainer of the twentieth century.

N-COUNT

entertainment

[D.J.:ˌentəˈteinmənt]

[K.K.:ˌɛntɚˈtenmənt]

n.

款待, 请客

娱乐, 文娱节目, 表演会

entertainment ***

entertainment entertainments
Entertainment consists of performances of plays and films, and activities such as reading and watching television, that give people pleasure.

- ...the world of entertainment and international stardom...

- There were feasts and banquets, theatrical entertainments and sporting competitions between local groups.

N-VAR

entertainment

noun

enjoyment

amusement

fun

leisure activity

pastime

pleasure

recreation

sport

treat

enthral

[D.J.:ɪnˈθrɔ:l]

[K.K.:ɛnˈθrɔl]

vt.

迷住;吸引住

enthralling

[inˈθrɔ:liŋ]

adj.

迷人的

enthral *

1. enthral enthrals enthralling enthralled
If you are enthralled by something, you enjoy it and give it your complete attention and interest.

- The passengers were enthralled by the scenery.

- He enthralled audiences in Prague, Vienna, and Paris.

- In real-life, the band have memorable songs and a stage vigour that enthrals.

- The fans sat enthralled in the darkened cinema.

VB (AM) enthrall , enthralls
= engross

2. enthralling

- ...an enthralling race.

ADJ-GRADED

enthral

verb

fascinate

captivate

charm

enchant

enrapture

entrance

grip

mesmerize

enthrone

[D.J.:inˈθrəun]

[K.K.:ɛnˈθron]

vt.

使(国王、女王或主教)登基, 即位

enthroned

adj.

登上王位的

enthrone

1. enthrone enthrones enthroning enthroned
When kings, queens, emperors, or bishops are enthroned , they officially take on their role during a special ceremony. (FORMAL)

- Emperor Akihito of Japan has been enthroned in Tokyo.

- He is expected to be enthroned early next year as the spiritual leader of the Church of England.

VB: usu passive

2. enthrone enthrones enthroning enthroned
If an idea is enthroned , it has an important place in people's life or thoughts. (JOURNALISM)

- He was forcing the State to enthrone a particular brand of modernism.

- ...the religious fundamentalism now enthroned in American life.

VB

enthronement

n.

即位,就任主教的仪式,登基典礼

enthronement

enthronement enthronements
The enthronement of a king, queen, emperor, or bishop is a ceremony in which they officially take on their role. (FORMAL)

- ...the enthronement of their new emperor.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with poss

enthuse

[D.J.:enˈθu:z]

[K.K.:ɛnˈθuz]

vi.

对…极为喜爱或极热心

enthuse *

1. enthuse enthuses enthusing enthused
If you enthuse about something, you talk about it in a way that shows how excited you are about it.

- Elizabeth David enthuses about the taste, fragrance and character of Provencal cuisine.

- `I've found the most wonderful house to buy!' she enthused.

VB

2. enthuse enthuses enthusing enthused
If you are enthused by something, it makes you feel excited and enthusiastic.

- I was immediately enthused.

- Conference participants were clearly enthused by their presence, and the two women responded by listening intently.

- Find a hobby or interest which enthuses you.

VB

enthusiasm

[D.J.:inˈθju:ziæzəm]

[K.K.:ɛnˈθuziˌæzəm]

n.

热情, 热心

巨大兴趣, 热衷的事物

enthusiasm ***

1. enthusiasm enthusiasms
Enthusiasm is great eagerness to be involved in a particular activity which you like and enjoy or which you think is important.

- The lack of enthusiasm for unification among most West Germans fills him with disappointment.

- Their skill, enthusiasm and running has got them in the team.

N-VAR: oft N for n/-ing

2. enthusiasm enthusiasms
An enthusiasm is an activity or subject that interests you very much and that you spend a lot of time on.

- Draw him out about his current enthusiasms and future plans.

N-COUNT: oft with poss
= interest

enthusiasm

noun

keenness

eagerness

fervour

interest

passion

relish

zeal

zest

enthusiast

[D.J.:enˈθu:zi:ˌæst]

[K.K.:ɛnˈθuziˌæst]

n.

热心人,热衷者

enthusiast **

enthusiast enthusiasts
An enthusiast is a person who is very interested in a particular activity or subject and who spends a lot of time on it.

- He is a great sports enthusiast.

- ...keep-fit enthusiasts.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

enthusiast

noun

lover

aficionado

buff informal

devotee

fan

fanatic

follower

supporter

enthusiastic

[D.J.:inˌθju:ziˈæstik]

[K.K.:ɛnˌθuziˈæstɪk]

adj.

满腔热情的, 热心的; 极感兴趣的

enthusiastically

[D.J.:ɪnˌ θju:zɪˈæstɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˌ θjuzɪˈæstɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

热心地;满腔热情地

enthusiastic **

1. enthusiastic
If you are enthusiastic about something, you show how much you like or enjoy it by the way that you behave and talk.

- Tom was very enthusiastic about the place.

- Bob Dole seemed less than enthusiastic about the proposed move.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n
= excited

2. enthusiastically

- The announcement was greeted enthusiastically.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

enthusiastic

adjective

keen

avid

eager

fervent

passionate

vigorous

wholehearted

zealous

entice

[D.J.:enˈtaɪs]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtaɪs]

vt.

诱惑,怂恿

enticement

n.

诱惑,怂恿

enticement

[D.J.:ɪnˈtaɪsmənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtaɪsmənt]

n.

引诱;怂恿

引诱物

enticing

[inˈtaisiŋ]

adj.

有吸引力的, 迷人的, 诱人的

entice *

entice entices enticing enticed
To entice someone to go somewhere or to do something means to try to persuade them to go to that place or to do that thing.

- Retailers have tried almost everything, from cheap credit to free flights, to entice shoppers through their doors.

- Child murderers in the past have very often carried photographs of young children to entice their victims away.

- They'll entice thousands of doctors to move from the cities to the rural areas by paying them better salaries.

VB
= lure

enticing *

1. enticing
Something that is enticing is extremely attractive and makes you want to get it or to become involved with it.

- A prospective premium of about 30 per cent on their initial investment is enticing.

- ...many enticing illustrations.

ADJ-GRADED

2. enticingly

- ...laying out their stall enticingly.

ADV-GRADED

entice

verb

attract

allure

cajole

coax

lead on

lure

persuade

seduce

tempt

enticement

enticement enticements
An enticement is something which makes people want to do a particular thing.

- Among other enticements, they advertized that they would take guests to Ramsgate for the day.

N-VAR
= inducement

entire

[D.J.:inˈtaiə]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtaɪr]

adj.

全部的, 整体的

entire ****

entire
You use entire when you want to emphasize that you are referring to the whole of something, for example, the whole of a place, time, or population.

- He had spent his entire life in China as a doctor.

- There are only 60 swimming pools in the entire country.

- The entire family was staring at him, waiting for him to speak.

- I cried the entire three weeks; I never stopped.

- The entire world must take notice of something like this.

ADJ: det ADJ emphasis
= whole

entire

adjective

whole

complete

full

gross

total

entirely

[D.J.:enˈtaɪəli:]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtaɪrli]

adv.

全部地;完整地;完全地

entirely ***

1. entirely
Entirely means completely and not just partly.

- ...an entirely new approach...

- Fraud is an entirely different matter.

- Their price depended almost entirely on their scarcity.

- I failed in my career as a writer of fiction entirely because of deficiencies in the education system.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v, ADV with cl/group
= completely totally

2. entirely
Entirely is also used to emphasize what you are saying.

- I agree entirely.

- Oh, the whole episode was entirely his fault.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV group emphasis

3. entirely
People sometimes use the expression not entirely to reduce the force of a strong statement, especially a critical one.

- They are not entirely happy with his criticism of the president.

- We shall see that this is not entirely true.

- She claimed the unemployment figures were not entirely unexpected.

- This government is not entirely free of suspicion.

ADV: not ADV, ADV group vagueness

entirely

adverb

completely

absolutely

altogether

fully

in every respect

thoroughly

totally

utterly

wholly

entirety

[D.J.:enˈtaɪərɪti:, -ˈtaɪəti:]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtaɪrɪti, -ˈtaɪrti]

n.

整体,全面

in its entirety

作为一个整体

entirety *

entirety
If something is used or affected in its entirety , the whole of it is used or affected.

- The peace plan has not been accepted in its entirety by all parties.

- ...a number of cities were now to be bombed in their entirety.

PHR: PHR after v

entitle

[D.J.:inˈtaitl]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtaɪtl]

vt.

使有资格; 使有权

给…题名

entitled

[D.J.:ɪnˈtaɪtld]

adj.

题名为, 书名叫做… ;有资格的

entitle ***

1. entitle entitles entitling entitled
If you are entitled to something, you have the right to have it or do it.

- If the warranty is limited, the terms may entitle you to a replacement or refund.

- They are entitled to first class travel.

- There are 23 Clubs throughout the U.S., and your membership entitles you to enjoy all of them.

VB

2. entitle entitles entitling entitled
If the title of something such as a book, film, or painting is, for example, `Sunrise', you can say that it is entitled `Sunrise'.

- Chomsky's review is entitled `Psychology and Ideology'.

- ...a performance entitled `United States'.

VB: usu passive

entitle

verb

1.

give the right to

allow

authorize

empower

enable

license

permit

2.

call

christen

dub

label

name

term

title

entitlement

[D.J.:inˈtaitlmənt]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtaɪtlmənt]

n.

授权, 有资格

有权得到的东西

entitlement *

entitlement entitlements
An entitlement to something is the right to have it or do it. (FORMAL)

- They lose their entitlement to benefit when they start work.

N-VAR: oft N to n

entity

[D.J.:ˈentiti]

[K.K.:ˈɛntɪti]

n.

实体, 独立存在体, 实际存在物

entity **

entity entities
An entity is something that exists separately from other things and has a clear identity of its own. (FORMAL)

- ...the earth as a living entity...

- North and South will remain separate entities within a commonwealth until the year 2000.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

entity

noun

thing

being

creature

individual

object

organism

substance

entomb

[D.J.:inˈtu:m]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtum]

vt.

埋葬,成为…的坟墓

entomb

1. entomb entombs entombing entombed
If something is entombed , it is buried or permanently trapped by something. (FORMAL)

- The city was entombed in volcanic lava.

- The Tel, an artificial mountain, entombs Jericho's ancient past.

VB

2. entomb entombs entombing entombed
When a person's dead body is entombed , it is buried in a grave or put into a tomb. (FORMAL)

- Neither of them had any idea how long the body had been entombed.

VB: usu passive

entomological

[entəuməˈlɔdʒikəl]

adj.

昆虫学的

entomologist

[entəuˈmɔlədʒist]

n.

昆虫学者

entomology

[D.J.:ˌentəˈmɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˌɛntəˈmɑlədʒi]

n.

昆虫学

entomological

adj.

entomologist

n.

entomology

1. entomology
Entomology is the study of insects.
N-UNCOUNT

2. entomologist entomologists

- ...a research entomologist.

N-COUNT

entourage

[D.J.:ˌɔntʊˈrɑ:ʒ]

[K.K.:ˌɑntʊˈrɑʒ]

n.

<法>随从,随行人员

entourage *

entourage entourages
A famous or important person's entourage is the group of assistants, servants, or other people who travel with them.

- Peter the Great shocked London by his wild behaviour and that of his entourage when he visited England in 1698.

- He was accompanied by an entourage of a dozen police officers.

N-COUNT: usu poss N, N of n

entourage

noun

retinue

associates

attendants

company

court

escort

followers

staff

train

entrails

[D.J.:ˈentreilz]

[K.K.:ˈɛnˌtrelz, -trəlz]

n.

内脏,肠,(物体的)内部

entrails

entrails
The entrails of people or animals are their inside parts, especially their intestines.

- He cut out the steaming entrails.

N-PLURAL
= innards

entrails

plural noun

intestines

bowels

guts

innards informal

insides informal

offal

viscera

entrance

[D.J.:ˈentrəns]

[K.K.:ˈɛntrəns]

n.

入口, 大门口

进入; 登场; 入学

entrancing

[inˈtrɑ:nsiŋ]

adj.

使人神魂颠倒的,使人入神的

entrance 1 noun uses ***

1. entrance entrances
The entrance to a place is the way into it, for example a door or gate.

- Beside the entrance to the church, turn right.

- He was driven out of a side entrance with his hand covering his face.

- A marble entrance hall leads to a sitting room.

N-COUNT: oft N to/into/of n
= entry

2. entrance entrances
You can refer to someone's arrival in a place as their entrance , especially when you think that they are trying to be noticed and admired.

- If she had noticed her father's entrance, she gave no indication.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with poss
= entry

3. entrance entrances
When a performer makes his or her entrance on to the stage, he or she comes on to the stage.

- He made his entrance into the parade ring.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with poss, oft N on/into n

4. entrance
If you gain entrance to a particular place, you manage to get in there. (FORMAL)

- Hewitt had gained entrance to the Hall by pretending to be a heating engineer.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n
= entry

5. entrance
If you gain entrance to a particular profession, society, or institution, you are accepted as a member of it.

- Entrance to universities and senior secondary schools was restricted.

- ...entrance exams for the French civil service.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to/into n

6. entrance
If you make an entrance into a particular activity or system, you succeed in becoming involved in it.

- The acquisition helped BCCI make its initial entrance into the US market.

- ...his entrance into politics in 1993.

N-SING: oft N into n
= entry

entrance 2 verb use *

1. entrance entrances entrancing entranced
If something or someone entrances you, they cause you to feel delight and wonder, often so that all your attention is taken up and you cannot think about anything else.

- As soon as I met Dick, he entranced me because he has a lovely voice.

- Last Friday she entranced the audience with her classical Indian singing.

VB
= enchant

2. entranced

- I became entranced with the idea.

- For the next three hours we sat entranced as the train made its way up the mountains.

- He is entranced by the kindness of her smile.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, ADJ after v, ADJ n

3. entrancing

- The light reflected off the stone, creating a golden glow he found entrancing.

ADJ-GRADED

entrance

noun

1.

way in

access

door

doorway

entry

gate

opening

passage

2.

appearance

arrival

coming in

entry

introduction

3.

admission

access

admittance

entr´ee

entry

permission to enter

entrance

verb

1.

enchant

bewitch

captivate

charm

delight

enrapture

enthral

fascinate

2.

mesmerize

hypnotize

put in a trance

entrance fee

entrance fee entrance fees
An entrance fee is a sum of money which you pay before you go into somewhere such as a cinema or museum, or which you have to pay in order to join an organization or institution.

- The entrance fee is £9.50.

N-COUNT

entrance hall

entrance hall entrance halls
The entrance hall of a large house, hotel, or other large building, is the area just inside the main door.
N-COUNT

entrant

[D.J.:ˈentrənt]

[K.K.:ˈɛntrənt]

n.

参加者

加入某行业的人

entrant *

1. entrant entrants
An entrant is a person who has recently become a member of an institution such as a university.

- ...a young school entrant.

N-COUNT: with supp

2. entrant entrants
An entrant is a person who is taking part in a competition.

- All items entered for the competition must be the entrant's own work.

N-COUNT
= contestant

entrant

noun

competitor

candidate

contestant

entry

participant

player

entrap

[D.J.:enˈtræp]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtræp]

vt.

使陷入圈套,使入陷阱

entrap

entrap entraps entrapping entrapped
If you entrap someone, you trick or deceive them and make them believe or do something wrong. (FORMAL)

- The police have been given extra powers to entrap drug traffickers.

- He overturned the conviction, saying the defendant was entrapped.

- He claimed the government had entrapped him into doing something that he would not have done otherwise.

VB

entrapment

[inˈtræpmənt]

n.

(非法)诱捕, 诱人犯罪

entrapment

entrapment
Entrapment is the practice of arresting someone by using unfair or illegal methods. (LEGAL)

- It was an entrapment, a ruse plotted by rival Russian naval officers to sully his honor.

N-UNCOUNT

entreat

[D.J.:enˈtri:t]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtrit]

vt.

恳求,乞求

entreat

entreat entreats entreating entreated
If you entreat someone to do something, you ask them very politely and seriously to do it. (FORMAL)

- Trevor Steven entreated them to delay their departure.

- `Call me Earl!' he entreated.

- I earnestly entreat that we don't get caught out again.

VB
= implore

entreaty

[D.J.:enˈtri:ti:]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtriti]

n.

<正>恳求;乞求

entreaty

entreaty entreaties
An entreaty is a very polite, serious request. (FORMAL)

- The FA has resisted all entreaties to pledge its support to the campaign.

N-VAR: oft N to n

entreaty

noun

plea

appeal

earnest request

exhortation

petition

prayer

request

supplication

entr´ee

1. entr´ee entr´ees
If you have an entr´ee to a social group, you are accepted and made to feel welcome by them.

- She had an entree into the city's cultivated society.

N-COUNT: oft N into n also entree .

2. entr´ee entr´ees
At restaurants or formal dinners, the entr´ee is the main course, or sometimes a dish before the main course.

- Dinner features a hot entr´ee of chicken, veal, or lamb.

N-COUNT also entree .

entrench

[D.J.:enˈtrentʃ]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtrɛntʃ]

vt.

用壕沟围绕或保护…

牢固地确立…

entrenchment

n.

壕沟;防御设施

entrenched

[D.J.:ɪnˈtrentʃt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtr ɛntʃt]

adj.

根深蒂固的；牢固的；固守的

entrenchment

[inˈtrentʃmənt]

n.

堑壕

entrench *

1. entrench entrenches entrenching entrenched
If something such as power, a custom, or an idea is entrenched , it is firmly established, so that it would be difficult to change it.

- ...a series of measures designed to entrench democracy and the rule of law...

- The entrepreneurs used the last years of British colonialism to entrench themselves in the city's expanding service sector.

VB

2. entrenched

- The recession remains deeply entrenched.

ADJ-GRADED

entrenched

adjective

fixed

deep-rooted

deep-seated

ineradicable

ingrained

rooted

set

unshakable

well-established

entrenchment

1. entrenchment entrenchments
Entrenchments are a series of long deep holes called trenches which are dug for defence by soldiers in war.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. entrenchment
Entrenchment means the firm establishment of a system or your own position in a situation.

- In South Africa, the entrenchment of democratic norms will be that much harder.

N-UNCOUNT

entrepreneur

[D.J.:ˌɔntrəprəˈnə:]

[K.K.:ˌɑntrəprəˈnɚ, -ˈnʊr]

n.

〈法〉企业家

主办人

entrepreneur **

entrepreneur entrepreneurs
An entrepreneur is a person who sets up businesses and business deals.
N-COUNT

entrepreneur

noun

businessman or businesswoman

impresario

industrialist

magnate

tycoon

entrepreneurial *

entrepreneurial
Entrepreneurial means having the qualities that are needed to succeed as an entrepreneur.

- ...her prodigious entrepreneurial flair.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

entrepreneurship

企业家能力/职能

entrepreneurship

企业家[主办人等]的身份[地位、职权、能力]

entrepreneurship

entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is the state of being an entrepreneur, or the activities associated with being an entrepreneur.
N-UNCOUNT

entropy

[D.J.:ˈentrəpi]

[K.K.:ˈɛntrəpi]

n.

熵,平均信息量

entropy

entropy
Entropy is a state of disorder, confusion, and disorganization. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

entrust

[D.J.:enˈtrʌst]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtrʌst]

vt.

委托, 托付

entrust A to B;entrust B with A

委托某人做某事(或照看某人)

entrust *

entrust entrusts entrusting entrusted
If you entrust something important to someone or entrust them with it, you make them responsible for looking after it or dealing with it.

- If parents wanted to entrust their prized child to the best surgeons, they traveled to Bologna's famous medical school.

- He was forced to entrust an assistant with the important task of testing and demonstrating aircraft to prospective customers.

- They can be entrusted to solve major national problems.

VB

entrust

verb

give custody of

assign

commit

confide

delegate

deliver

hand over

turn over

entries

n.

entry 的复数形式

entry

[D.J.:ˈentri]

[K.K.:ˈɛntri]

n.

进入

入场权

入口处

登记, 条目, 词条

参赛的人[物]

参加比赛的名单或总(人)数

entry ****

1. entry
The words No Entry are used on signs to indicate that you are not allowed to go into a particular area or go through a particular door or gate.

- Bill was among the first to gain entry to Buckingham Palace when it opened to the public recently.

- Non-residents were refused entry into the region without authority from their own district.

- The point of entry into Zambia would be the Chirundu border post.

- Entry to the museum is free.

- ...entry fees to places of scientific interest.

PHR

2. entry entries
You can refer to someone's arrival in a place as their entry , especially when you think that they are trying to be noticed and admired.

- He made his triumphal entry into Mexico City.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with poss
= entrance

3. entry
Someone's entry into a particular society or group is their joining of it.

- He described Britain's entry into the European Exchange Rate Mechanism as an historic move.

- ...people who cannot gain entry to the owner-occupied housing sector.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N into/to n
= entrance

4. entry entries
An entry in a diary, account book, computer file, or reference book is a short piece of writing in it.

- Violet's diary entry for 20 April 1917 records Brigit admitting to the affair.

- Many entries relate to the two world wars.

N-COUNT

5. entry entries
An entry for a competition is a piece of work, for example a story or drawing, or the answers to a set of questions, which you complete in order to take part in the competition.

- The closing date for entries is 31st December.

N-COUNT

6. entry
Journalists sometimes use entry to refer to the total number of people taking part in an event or competition. For example, if a competition has an entry of twenty people, twenty people take part in it.

- Prize-money of nearly £90,000 has attracted a record entry of 14 horses from Britain and Ireland.

- Our competition has attracted a huge entry.

N-SING: with supp, oft N of n

7. entry
Entry in a competition is the act of taking part in it.

- Entry to this competition is by invitation only.

- ...an entry form.

N-UNCOUNT: oft n in/to n

8. entry entries
The entry to a place is the way into it, for example a door or gate.
N-COUNT: usu sing
= entrance

entry

noun

1.

way in

access

door

doorway

entrance

gate

opening

passage

2.

coming in

appearance

entering

entrance

initiation

introduction

3.

admission

access

entrance

entr´ee

permission to enter

4.

record

account

item

listing

note

entryway

[D.J.:ˈentriˌwei]

[K.K.:ˈɛntriˌwe]

n.

入口通道

entryway

entryway entryways
An entryway is a passage that is used as an entrance to a building. (mainly AM)

- I stood just beyond the entryway hoping he would notice me.

N-COUNT
= entry

entwine

[D.J.:enˈtwaɪn]

[K.K.:ɛnˈtwaɪn]

vt.

缠绕,盘绕

entwine

1. entwine entwines entwining entwined
If one thing is entwined with another thing, or if you entwine two things, the two things are twisted around each other.

- His dazed eyes stare at the eels, which still writhe and entwine.

- Facing each other, the giraffes were managing to entwine their necks in the most astonishing manner.

- He entwined his fingers with hers.

- ...with silk ribbons and flowers entwined in their hair.

V-RECIP-ERG

2. entwine entwines entwining entwined
If two things entwine or are entwined , they closely resemble or are linked to each other, and they are difficult to separate or identify.

- The book entwines the personal and the political to chart the history of four generations of the family.

- Once, years ago, he told me our lives should entwine.

V-ERG
= entangled

3. entwined

- Fuji Heavy Industries, which makes Subaru cars, is becoming increasingly entwined with Nissan.

- ...the entwined lives of Dorothy Gale and Judy Garland.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n

entwine

verb

twist

interlace

interweave

knit

plait

twine

weave

wind

E number

E number E numbers
E numbers are artificial substances which are added to some foods and drinks to improve their flavour or colour or to make them last longer. They are called E numbers because they are represented in Europe by code names which begin with the letter `E'. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

enumerate

[D.J.:ɪˈnu:məˌreɪt, ɪˈnju:-]

[K.K.:ɪˈnuməˌret, ɪˈnju-]

vt.

列举,枚举;数

enumeration

n.

enumeration

[D.J.:ɪˌnju:məˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˌnjuməˈreʃən]

n.

计数;列举

细目

enumerate

enumerate enumerates enumerating enumerated
When you enumerate a list of things, you name each one in turn.

- I enumerate the work that will have to be done.

VB
= itemize

enumerate

verb

list

cite

itemize

mention

name

quote

recite

recount

relate

spell out

enunciate

[D.J.:ɪˈnʌnsi:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˈnʌnsiˌet]

vt.

(清晰地)发音

确切地说明

enunciation

n.

enunciation

[D.J.:ɪˌn ʌnsɪˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˌn ʌnsɪˈeʃən]

n.

清晰的发音

表明;宣言

enunciate

1. enunciate enunciates enunciating enunciated
When you enunciate a word or part of a word, you pronounce it clearly. (FORMAL)

- His voice was harsh as he enunciated each word carefully.

- She enunciates very slowly and carefully.

VB

2. enunciation

- ... his grammar always precise, his enunciation always perfect.

N-UNCOUNT

3. enunciate enunciates enunciating enunciated
When you enunciate a thought, idea, or plan, you express it very clearly and precisely. (FORMAL)

- He was ever ready to enunciate his views to all who would listen.

VB

4. enunciation

- ...the enunciation of grand moral principles.

N-UNCOUNT

enunciate

verb

1.

pronounce

articulate

enounce

say

sound

speak

utter

vocalize

voice

2.

state

declare

proclaim

promulgate

pronounce

propound

publish

envelop

[D.J.:enˈveləp]

[K.K.:ɛnˈvɛləp]

vt.

包围, 笼罩, 包住

envelop *

envelop envelops enveloping enveloped
If one thing envelops another, it covers or surrounds it completely.

- That lovely, rich fragrant smell of the forest enveloped us.

- Perhaps, for an enveloping sense of well-being, we should live in round buildings.

VB

envelop

verb

enclose

cloak

cover

encase

encircle

engulf

shroud

surround

wrap

envelope

[D.J.:ˈenvələup]

[K.K.:ˈɛnvəˌlop, ˈɑn-]

n.

信封

envelope **

envelope envelopes
An envelope is the rectangular paper cover in which you send a letter to someone through the post.
N-COUNT

envelope

noun

wrapping

case

casing

cover

covering

jacket

wrapper

enviable

[D.J.:ˈenvi:əbəl]

[K.K.:ˈɛnviəbəl]

adj.

(指人或物)引起嫉妒的,值得羡慕的

enviableness

n.

令人羡慕

enviably

adv.

令人羡慕地

enviably

adv.

羡慕地,渴望得到地

enviable *

enviable
You describe something such as a quality as enviable when someone else has it and you wish that you had it too.

- Japan, unlike other big economies, is in the enviable position of having a budget surplus.

- They have enviable reputations as athletes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

enviable

adjective

desirable

advantageous

favoured

fortunate

lucky

privileged

to die for informal

envious

[D.J.:ˈenvi:əs]

[K.K.:ˈɛnviəs]

adj.

满怀嫉妒的

enviously

adv.

满怀嫉妒地

enviously

[D.J.:ˈenvɪəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈ ɛnvɪəslɪ]

adv.

嫉妒地;羡慕地

envious *

1. envious
If you are envious of someone, you want something that they have.

- I don't think I'm envious of your success.

- Do I sound envious? I pity them, actually.

- ...envious thoughts.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of n

2. enviously

- `You haven't changed,' I am often enviously told.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

envious

adjective

covetous

green with envy

grudging

jealous

resentful

environment

[D.J.:inˈvaiərənmənt]

[K.K.:ɛnˈvaɪrənmənt, -ˈvaɪən-]

n.

环境, 周围状况, 自然环境

environment ****

1. environment environments
Someone's environment is all the circumstances, people, things, and events around them that influence their life.

- Pupils in our schools are taught in a safe, secure environment.

- The moral characters of men are formed not by heredity but by environment.

- The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environments.

N-VAR

2. environment environments
Your environment consists of the particular natural surroundings in which you live or exist, considered in relation to their physical characteristics or weather conditions.

- If our environment cools, then messages from the skin alert the body's thermostat.

- ...the maintenance of a safe environment for marine mammals.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

3. environment
The environment is the natural world of land, sea, air, plants, and animals.

- ...Conservative spokesman on the environment.

- ...persuading people to respect the environment.

N-SING: the N

environment

noun

surroundings

atmosphere

background

conditions

habitat

medium

setting

situation

environmental

[D.J.:enˌvaɪərənˈmentl, -ˌvaɪən]

[K.K.:ɛnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntl.., -ˌvaɪən]

adj.

(个人)环境的;由个人环境产生的

environmentally

[D.J.:enˌvaɪrənˈmentlɪ]

[K.K.:ɛnˌvaɪrəˈm ɛnt l..ɪ]

adv.

有关环境方面

environmental ****

1. environmental
Environmental means concerned with the protection of the natural world of land, sea, air, plants, and animals.

- ...economic and environmental legislation.

- ...the environmental claims being made for some products...

- Environmental groups plan to stage public protests during the conference.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. environmentally

- He veered away from the most environmentally sound option.

- ...the high price of environmentally friendly goods.

ADV: ADV adj

3. environmental
Environmental means relating to or caused by the surroundings in which someone lives or something exists.

- It protects against environmental hazards such as wind and sun.

- The form the human family takes is a response to environmental pressures.

ADJ: ADJ n

environmental

adjective

ecological

green

environmentalism

[D.J.:inˌvaiərənˈmentlizm]

[K.K.:ɛnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntlˌɪzəm, -ˌvaɪən-]

n.

环境保护论,环境论

environmentalism

environmentalism
Environmentalism is used to describe actions and policies which show a concern with protecting and preserving the natural environment, for example by preventing pollution.
N-UNCOUNT

environmentalist

[inˌvaiərənˈmentəlist]

n.

环境保护论者, 人类生态学者

environmentalist **

environmentalist environmentalists
An environmentalist is a person who is concerned with protecting and preserving the natural environment, for example by preventing pollution.
N-COUNT

environmentalist

noun

conservationist

ecologist

green

environs

[D.J.:enˈvaɪərənz, -ˈvaɪənz]

[K.K.:ɛnˈvaɪrənz, -ˈvaɪənz]

n.

郊区,近郊

environs

environs
The environs of a place consist of the area immediately surrounding it. (FORMAL)

- ...the environs of Paris...

- The town and its environs are inviting, with recreational attractions and art museums.

N-PLURAL: with poss

environs

plural noun

surrounding area

district

locality

neighbourhood

outskirts

precincts

suburbs

vicinity

envisage

[D.J.:inˈvizidʒ]

[K.K.:ɛnˈvɪzɪdʒ]

vt.

想像, 设想

envisage **

envisage envisages envisaging envisaged
If you envisage something, you imagine that it is true, real, or likely to happen.

- He envisages the possibility of establishing direct diplomatic relations in the future.

- He had never envisaged spending the whole of his working life in that particular job.

- Personally, I envisage them staying together.

VB
= imagine envision

envisage

verb

1.

imagine

conceive (of)

conceptualize

contemplate

fancy

picture

think up

visualize

2.

foresee

anticipate

envision

predict

see

envision

[D.J.:enˈvɪʒən]

[K.K.:ɛnˈvɪʒən]

vt.

想像,展望

envision *

envision envisions envisioning envisioned
If you envision something, you envisage it. (AM; ALSO BRIT, LITERARY)

- In the future we envision a federation of companies.

- Most people do stop at this point, not envisioning that there is anything beyond.

VB
= imagine

envoy

[D.J.:ˈenˌvɔɪ, ˈɔn-]

[K.K.:ˈɛnˌvɔɪ, ˈɑn-]

n.

使节;公使

envoyship

n.

使节身份

envoyship

使节身份

envoy **

1. envoy envoys
An envoy is someone who is sent as a representative from one government or political group to another.
N-COUNT: with supp
= emissary

2. envoy envoys
An envoy is a diplomat in an embassy who is immediately below the ambassador in rank.
N-COUNT

envoy

noun

messenger

agent

ambassador

courier

delegate

diplomat

emissary

intermediary

representative

envied

[ˈenvid]

adj.

被人妒忌的;被人羡慕的

envy

[D.J.:ˈenvi]

[K.K.:ˈɛnvi]

n.

妒忌; 羡慕

vt.

妒忌; 羡慕

envy **

1. envy
Envy is the feeling you have when you wish you could have the same thing or quality that someone else has.

- Gradually he began to acknowledge his feelings of envy towards his mother.

- They gazed in a mixture of envy and admiration at the beauty of the statue.

N-UNCOUNT

2. envy envies envying envied
If you envy someone, you wish that you had the same things or qualities that they have.

- I don't envy the young ones who've become TV superstars and know no other world.

- I have a rich brother and a lot of people envy the fact.

- He envied Caroline her peace.

- `You must've seen the world by now,' said Frannie, `I envy you that.'

VB

3. envy
If a thing or quality is the envy of someone, they wish very much that they could have or achieve it.

- Britain is now the envy of the world's record companies.

- ...an economic expansion that was the envy of many other states.

N-SING: the N of n

envy

noun

1.

covetousness

enviousness

jealousy

resentfulness

resentment

verb

2.

covet

be envious (of)

begrudge

be jealous (of)

grudge

resent

enzyme

[D.J.:ˈenzaɪm]

[K.K.:ˈɛnzaɪm]

n.

<生化>酶

enzymes

酶类

enzyme **

enzyme enzymes
An enzyme is a chemical substance that is found in living creatures which produces changes in other substances without being changed itself. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

EP

abbr.

extended-play record 密纹唱片

EP

abbr.

extended-play record 密纹唱片

EP *

EP EPs
An EP is a record which lasts for about 8 minutes on each side. EP is an abbreviation for `extended play'.
N-COUNT

epaulette

[ˈepəulet]

n.

(军官的)肩章,女人衣服上类似肩章的饰物

epaulettes

肩纤毛带

epaulette

epaulette epaulettes
Epaulettes are decorations worn on the shoulders of certain uniforms, especially military ones.
N-COUNT: usu pl (AM) epaulet

´ep´ee

´ep´ee ´ep´ees
An ´ep´ee is a thin, light sword that is used in the sport of fencing.
N-COUNT also epee .

ephemera

[D.J.:iˈfemərə]

[K.K.:ɪˈfɛmərə]

n.

生命极短促之物,蜉蝣

ephemera

1. ephemera
You can refer to things which last for only a short time as ephemera . (LITERARY)
N-UNCOUNT

2. ephemera
Ephemera is things people collect such as old postcards, posters, and bus tickets, which were only intended to last a short time when they were produced.

- ...one of Britain's best known private collections of tickets and other printed ephemera.

- ...Victorian ephemera.

N-UNCOUNT: oft adj N

ephemeral

[D.J.:ɪˈfemərəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈfɛmərəl]

adj.

短暂的,瞬息的

ephemerally

adv.

ephemeral

ephemeral
If you describe something as ephemeral , you mean that it lasts only for a very short time. (FORMAL)

- He talked about the country's ephemeral unity being shattered by the defeat.

- These paintings are in some ways a reminder that earthly pleasures are ephemeral.

ADJ-GRADED
= transient

ephemeral

adjective

brief

fleeting

momentary

passing

short-lived

temporary

transient

transitory

epic

[D.J.:ˈepik]

[K.K.:ˈɛpɪk]

n.

叙事诗, 史诗

惊人之举

adj.

史诗般的

极大的, 宏大的

epic **

1. epic epics
An epic is a long book, poem, or film, whose story extends over a long period of time or tells of great events.

- ...the Middle High German epic, `Nibelungenlied', written about 1200...

- At three hours and 21 minutes, it is an over-long, standard Hollywood epic.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

2. epic
Also an adjective.

- ...epic narrative poems...

- Like `Gone With The Wind' it's an unashamed epic romance.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. epic
Something that is epic is very large and impressive.

- ...Columbus's epic voyage of discovery.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

epicentre

[ˈepisentə]

n.

震源,震中,震源地

epicentre

epicentre epicentres
The epicentre of an earthquake is the place on the earth's surface directly above the point where it starts, and is the place where it is felt most strongly.

- The earthquake had its epicentre two-hundred kilometres north-east of the capital.

N-COUNT: usu with poss (AM) epicenter

epicure

[D.J.:ˈepɪˌkjʊə]

[K.K.:ˈɛpɪˌkjʊr]

n.

讲究饮食的人

epicurism

n.

epicurism

[D.J.:ˈepikjuərizm]

[K.K.:ˈɛpɪkjʊˌrɪzəm, ˌɛpɪˈkjʊrɪzəm]

n.

贪口福,美食主义

epicure

epicure epicures
An epicure is someone who enjoys eating food that is of very good quality, especially unusual or rare food. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= gourmet

epicurean

[D.J.:ˌepɪkjʊˈri:ən, -ˈkjʊəri:-]

[K.K.:ˌɛpɪkjʊˈriən, -ˈkjʊri-]

n.

享乐者

adj.

好美食的,爱奢侈享受的

epicureanism

n.

epicureanism

[D.J.:ˌepɪkjʊˈri:əˌnɪzəm, -ˈkjʊəri:-]

[K.K.:ˌɛpɪkjʊˈriəˌnɪzəm, -ˈkjʊri-]

享乐[美食]主义

epicurean

epicurean
Epicurean food is of very good quality, especially unusual or rare food. (FORMAL)

- Saddle of lamb is an epicurean dish for major celebrations.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

epidemic

[D.J.:ˌepiˈdemik]

[K.K.:ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk]

n.

流行病

epidemic **

1. epidemic epidemics
If there is an epidemic of a particular disease somewhere, it affects a very large number of people there and spreads quickly to other areas.

- A flu epidemic is sweeping through Moscow.

- ...a killer epidemic of yellow fever.

N-COUNT: oft n N, N of n

2. epidemic epidemics
If an activity that you disapprove of is increasing or spreading rapidly, you can refer to this as an epidemic of that activity.

- ...an epidemic of serial killings...

- Drug experts say it could spell the end of the crack epidemic.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n disapproval

epidemic

noun

spread

contagion

growth

outbreak

plague

rash

upsurge

wave

epidermis

[D.J.:ˌepɪˈdɜ:mɪs]

[K.K.:ˌɛpɪˈdə..mɪs]

n.

表皮

epidermis

epidermis
Your epidermis is the thin, protective, outer layer of your skin.
N-SING

epidural

[D.J.:ˌepiˈdjuərəl]

[K.K.:ˌɛpɪˈdʊrəl, -ˈdjʊr-]

adj.

硬(脑)膜上的,硬脑膜外的

epidural

epidural epidurals
An epidural is a type of anaesthetic which is injected into a person's spine so that they cannot feel anything from the waist downwards. Epidurals are sometimes given to women when they are giving birth.
N-COUNT

epigram

[D.J.:ˈepɪˌgræm]

[K.K.:ˈɛpɪˌɡræm]

n.

机智的短诗;警句;讽刺诗

epigrammatic

adj.

epigrammatic

[D.J.:ˌepɪ grəˈmætɪk]

[K.K.:ɛpɪɡrəˈmætɪk]

adj.

警句(式)的;讽刺短诗(般)的

epigram

epigram epigrams
An epigram is a short saying or poem which expresses an idea in a very clever and amusing way.
N-COUNT

epigram

noun

witticism

aphorism

bon mot

quip

epilepsy

[D.J.:ˈepəˌlepsi:]

[K.K.:ˈɛpəˌlɛpsi]

n.

<医>癫痫,羊角风

epilepsy *

epilepsy
Epilepsy is a brain condition which causes a person to suddenly lose consciousness and sometimes to have fits.
N-UNCOUNT

epileptic

[D.J.:ˌepəˈleptɪk]

[K.K.:ˌɛpəˈlɛptɪk]

adj.

由癫痫引发的

n.

癫痫病患者

epileptic

1. epileptic
Someone who is epileptic suffers from epilepsy.

- He was epileptic and refused to take medication for his condition.

ADJ-GRADED

2. epileptic epileptics
An epileptic is someone who is epileptic.

- His wife is an epileptic.

N-COUNT

3. epileptic
An epileptic fit is caused by epilepsy.

- He suffered an epileptic fit.

- Paula had never seen an epileptic seizure.

ADJ: ADJ n

epilogue

[D.J.:ˈepəˌlɔ:g, -ˌlɔg]

[K.K.:ˈɛpəˌlɔɡ, -ˌlɑɡ]

n.

(文艺作品的)尾声,后记,跋

(戏剧等的)收场诗,收场白

epilogue

epilogue epilogues
An epilogue is a passage or speech which is added to the end of a book or play as a conclusion.
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing (AM) also epilog

epilogue

noun

conclusion

coda

concluding speech

postscript

Epiphany

[D.J.:iˈpifəni]

[K.K.:ɪˈpɪfəni]

n.

主显节,出现

Epiphany

Epiphany
Epiphany is a Christian festival on the 6th of January which celebrates the arrival of the wise men who came to see Jesus Christ soon after he was born.
N-UNCOUNT

episcopal

[D.J.:iˈpiskəpəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈpɪskəpəl]

adj.

主教的,主教制度的,英国国教的

episcopal

1. episcopal
Episcopal means relating to a branch of the Anglican Church in Scotland and the USA.

- She was a staunch member of the Scottish Episcopal Church.

- ...the Episcopal bishop of New York.

- ...the Protestant Episcopal church.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. episcopal
Episcopal means relating to bishops. (FORMAL)

- Episcopal conferences exerted a strong influence during the Second Vatican Council.

- ...a set of red episcopal vestments.

ADJ: ADJ n

Episcopalian

adj.

主教的,主教制的

Episcopalian

1. Episcopalian
Episcopalian means belonging to the Episcopal Church.
ADJ: ADJ n

2. Episcopalian Episcopalians
An Episcopalian is a member of the Episcopal Church.
N-COUNT

episode

[D.J.:ˈepisəud]

[K.K.:ˈɛpɪˌsod]

n.

插曲; 片断

一集

episode **

1. episode episodes
You can refer to an event or a short period of time as an episode if you want to suggest that it is important or unusual, or has some particular quality.

- This episode is bound to be a deep embarrassment for Washington.

- Unfortunately it was a rather sordid episode of my life.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. episode episodes
An episode of something such as a series on radio or television or a story in a magazine is one of the separate parts in which it is broadcast or published.

- The final episode will be shown next Sunday.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= instalment

3. episode episodes
An episode of an illness is short period in which a person who suffers from it is affected by it particularly badly. (MEDICAL)

- ...people who'd suffered a third episode of depression in two years...

- The new drug lessens the severity of pneumonia episodes.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= attack

episode

noun

1.

event

adventure

affair

escapade

experience

happening

incident

matter

occurrence

2.

part

chapter

instalment

passage

scene

section

episodic

[D.J.:ˌepəˈsɔdik]

[K.K.:ˌɛpɪˈsɑdɪk]

adj.

(小说、剧本等)由松散片段组成的, 插曲般的

episodic

1. episodic
Something that is episodic occurs at irregular and infrequent intervals. (FORMAL)

- ...episodic attacks of fever.

ADJ-GRADED

2. episodic
An episodic piece of writing or film consists of a series of events, which often seem not to be connected.

- ...an episodic narrative of unrelated characters connected only by time and place.

ADJ-GRADED

epistle

[D.J.:ɪˈpɪsəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈpɪsəl]

n.

书信

书信体诗文

epistle

1. epistle epistles
An epistle is a letter. (LITERARY)

- ...a brief but poignant epistle.

N-COUNT: supp N

2. epistle epistles
In the Bible, the Epistles are a series of books in the New Testament which were originally written as letters to the early Christians.
N-COUNT: usu N to n

epistle

noun

letter

communication

message

missive

note

epistolary

[D.J.:iˈpistələri]

[K.K.:ɪˈpɪstəˌlɛri]

adj.

书信的,书信体的,用书信的

epistolary

epistolary
An epistolary novel or story is one that is written as a series of letters. (FORMAL)

- It's written in epistolary form.

- ...Laclos's famous epistolary novel.

ADJ: ADJ n

epitaph

[D.J.:ˈepɪˌtæf]

[K.K.:ˈɛpɪˌtæf]

n.

墓志铭,纪念死者的文字

epitaph

epitaph epitaphs
An epitaph is a short piece of writing about someone who is dead, often carved on their grave.
N-COUNT

epitaph

noun

monument

inscription

epithet

[D.J.:ˈepəˌθet]

[K.K.:ˈɛpəˌθɛt]

n.

(表示性质、特征等的)词语

epithet

epithet epithets
An epithet is an adjective or short phrase which is used as a way of criticizing or praising someone. (FORMAL)

- ...the religious issue which led to the epithet `bible-basher'.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

epithet

noun

name

appellation

description

designation

moniker or monicker slang

nickname

sobriquet

tag

title

epitome

[D.J.:ɪˈpɪtəmi:]

[K.K.:ɪˈpɪtəmi]

n.

缩影

典型的人或事物

(书、演讲等的)摘要

epitome *

epitome
If you say that a person or thing is the epitome of something, you are emphasizing that they are the best possible example of a particular type of person or thing. (FORMAL)

- Maureen was the epitome of sophistication.

- The Dorchester Hotel is the epitome of luxury in the heart of London.

N-SING: usu the N of n emphasis

epitome

noun

personification

archetype

embodiment

essence

quintessence

representation

type

typical example

epitomize

[D.J.:iˈpitəmaiz]

[K.K.:ɪˈpɪtəˌmaɪz]

vt.

成为(某事物)的缩影

epitomize *

epitomize epitomizes epitomizing epitomized
If you say that something or someone epitomizes a particular thing, you mean that they are a perfect example of it.

- Lyonnais cooking is epitomized by the so-called `bouchons'.

- ...the sleek lift that epitomized the hotel's glossy decor.

VB (BRIT) also epitomise

epitomize

verb

typify

embody

exemplify

illustrate

personify

represent

symbolize

epoch

[D.J.:ˈi:pɔk]

[K.K.:ˈɛpək, ˈiˌpɑk]

n.

纪元, 时期, 时代

epoch *

1. epoch epochs
If you refer to a long period of time as an epoch , you mean that important events or great changes took place during it.

- The birth of Christ was the beginning of a major epoch of world history.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. epoch epochs
An epoch is a very long period of time in the earth's development, marked by particular physical or biological characteristics. (TECHNICAL)

- Two main glacial epochs affected both areas during the last 100 million years of Precambrian times.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

epoch

noun

era

age

date

period

time

epoch-making

[D.J.:ˈepəkˌmeɪkɪŋ, ˈi:pɔk-]

[K.K.:ˈɛpəkˌmekɪŋ, ˈipɑk-]

adj.

开新纪元的,划时代的

epoch-making

epoch-making
An epoch-making change or declaration is considered to be the extremely important because it is likely to have a significant effect on a particular period of time.

- It was meant to sound like an epoch-making declaration.

- ...the epoch-making changes now taking place in Eastern Europe.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

eponymous

[D.J.:iˈpɔniməs]

[K.K.:ɪˈpɑnəməs]

adj.

齐名的

eponymous *

eponymous
An eponymous hero or heroine is the character in a play or book whose name is the title of that play or book. (FORMAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

epoxy

[D.J.:eˈpɔksi]

[K.K.:ɪˈpɑksi]

adj.

环氧的

epoxy

epoxy
Epoxy resin or adhesive contains an artificial substance which sets hard when it is heated or when pressure is applied to it.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

Epsom salts

Epsom salts
Epsom salts is a kind of white powder which you can mix with water and drink as a medicine to help you empty your bowels.
N-UNCOUNT

equable

[D.J.:ˈekwəbəl, ˈi:kwə-]

[K.K.:ˈɛkwəbəl, ˈikwə-]

adj.

变化小的

宁静的,温和的

稳定的

equably

adv.

equably

adv.

稳定地

equable

1. equable
If you describe someone as equable , you mean that they are calm, cheerful, and fair with other people, even in difficult circumstances.

- He was a man of the most equable temper.

- He was a fine person to work with and he was very equable and a patient man.

ADJ-GRADED

2. equably

- She wasn't prepared to respond equably to Richardson's mood, and she spoke curtly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. equable
An equable climate stays at an even temperature and has no sudden changes. (TECHNICAL)

- The climate has grown more equable and the crop yields have risen.

ADJ-GRADED

equable

adjective

even-tempered

calm

composed

easy-going

imperturbable

level-headed

placid

serene

unflappable informal

equal

[D.J.:ˈi:kwəl]

[K.K.:ˈikwəl]

adj.

相等的, 同样的

平等的

能胜任的, 合适的

vt.

与…相等或相同

比得上

n.

同样的人, 相等的数量

能与之比拟的东西, 匹敌者

equalling

均等

equal ***

1. equal
If two things are equal or if one thing is equal to another, they are the same in size, number, standard, or value.

- Investors can borrow an amount equal to the property's purchase price.

- ...in a population having equal numbers of men and women...

- Research and teaching are of equal importance.

ADJ: oft ADJ to n

2. equal
If different groups of people have equal rights or are given equal treatment, they have the same rights or are treated the same as each other, however different they are.

- We will be justly demanding equal rights at work.

- ...the commitment to equal opportunities.

- ...new legislation allowing building societies to compete on equal terms with their competitors.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. equal
If you say that people are equal , you mean that they have or should have the same rights and opportunities as each other.

- We are equal in every way.

- At any gambling game, everyone is equal.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

4. equal equals
Someone who is your equal has the same ability, status, or rights as you have.

- She was one of the boys, their equal.

- You should have married somebody more your equal.

N-COUNT: poss N

5. equal
If someone is equal to a particular job or situation, they have the necessary ability, strength, or courage to deal successfully with it.

- She was determined that she would be equal to any test the corporation put to them.

- The guards were equal to anything.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n

6. equal equals equalling equalled
If something equals a particular number or amount, it is the same as that amount or the equivalent of that amount.

- 9 percent interest less 7 percent inflation equals 2 percent.

- The average pay rise equalled 1.41 times inflation.

V-LINK (AM) equaling , equaled

7. equal equals equalling equalled
To equal something or someone means to be as good or as great as them.

- The victory equalled Southend's best in history.

- No amount of money can equal memories like that.

VB (AM) equaling , equaled

8. equal
If you say that someone or something has no equal , you think that there is nothing that is as good as them or that reaches the same standard.

- As a pastor, it can be argued he has no equal.

- The film demands attention, and has no equal in cinema history.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

9. equal
If you say ` other things being equal ' or ` all things being equal ' when talking about a possible situation, you mean if nothing unexpected happens or if there are no other factors which affect the situation.

- It appears reasonable to assume that, other things being equal, most hostel tenants would prefer single to shared rooms.

- All things being equal, should it matter who earns most money?

PHR: PHR with cl

equal

adjective

1.

identical

alike

corresponding

equivalent

the same

uniform

2.

regular

symmetrical

uniform

unvarying

3.

even

balanced

evenly matched

fifty-fifty informal

level pegging Brit. informal

4.

fair

egalitarian

even-handed

impartial

just

unbiased

equal to

5.

capable of

competent to

fit for

good enough for

ready for

strong enough

suitable for

up to

noun

6.

match

counterpart

equivalent

rival

twin

verb

7.

match

amount to

be tantamount to

correspond to

equate

level

parallel

tie with

equality

[D.J.:i:ˈkwɔliti]

[K.K.:ɪˈkwɑlɪti]

n.

同等, 平等

equality **

equality
Equality is the same status, rights, and responsibilities for all the members of a society, group, or family.

- ...equality of the sexes.

N-UNCOUNT

equality

noun

1.

sameness

balance

correspondence

equivalence

evenness

identity

likeness

similarity

uniformity

2.

fairness

egalitarianism

equal opportunity

parity

equalization

[ˌi:kwəlaiˈzeiʃən,ˌi:kwəliˈzeiʃən]

n.

均等,平等化,同等化

equalize

[D.J.:ˈi:kwəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈikwəˌlaɪz]

vt. & vi.

(使某事物)相等

equalizing

[ˈi:kwəlaiziŋ]

n.

平衡,补偿,调整

equalize *

1. equalize equalizes equalizing equalized
To equalize a situation means to give everyone the same rights or opportunities, for example in education, wealth, or social status.

- Women in Indonesia have secured modern divorce laws that equalize the rights of husbands and wives.

- Such measures are needed to equalize wage rates between countries.

VB (BRIT) also equalise

2. equalization

- ...the equalization of parenting responsibilities between men and women.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft N of n

3. equalize equalizes equalizing equalized
In sports such as soccer, if a player equalizes , he or she scores a goal that makes the scores of the two teams equal. (BRIT)

- Keegan equalized with only 16 minutes remaining.

- They showed little sign of equalising the Portsmouth striker's glorious 55th-minute shot.

VB (BRIT) also equalise

equalize

verb

make equal

balance

equal

even up

level

match

regularize

smooth

square

standardize

equalizer

[D.J.:ˈi:kwəˌlaizə]

[K.K.:ˈikwəˌlaɪzɚ]

n.

追平比分的得分; 追平的进球

使众人平等之物

equalizer *

equalizer equalizers
In sports such as soccer, an equalizer is a goal or a point that makes the scores of the two teams equal. (BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu sing also equaliser .

equally

[D.J.:ˈi:kwɵlɪ]

adv.

相等地,同等地

均等

也,同样

equally ***

1. equally
Equally means in sections, amounts, or spaces that are the same size as each other.

- A bank's local market share tends to be divided equally between the local branch and branches located elsewhere.

- Try to get into the habit of eating at least three small meals a day, at equally spaced intervals.

ADV: ADV after v, ADV -ed

2. equally
Equally means to the same degree or extent.

- All these techniques are equally effective.

- Success doesn't only depend on what you do. What you don't do is equally important.

ADV: ADV adj/adv, ADV before v
= just as

3. equally
Equally is used to introduce another comment on the same topic, which balances or contrasts with the previous comment.

- Subscribers should be allowed call-blocking services, but equally, they should be able to choose whether to accept calls from blocked numbers.

ADV: ADV with cl

equal sign

equal sign equal signs
An equal sign is the sign = which is used in arithmetic to indicate that two numbers or sets of numbers are equal.
N-COUNT (BRIT) also equals sign

equanimity

[D.J.:ˌi:kwəˈnɪmɪti:, ˌekwə-]

[K.K.:ˌikwəˈnɪmɪti, ˌɛkwə-]

n.

平和,镇静

equanimity

equanimity
Equanimity is a calm state of mind and attitude to life, so that you never lose your temper or become upset. (FORMAL)

- His sense of humour allowed him to face adversaries with equanimity.

- The defeat was taken with equanimity by the leadership.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with N

equate

[D.J.:ɪˈkweɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˈkwet]

vt.

认为某事物(与另一事物)相等或相仿

equate to

相当于；等于

equate with

把(一事物) 和(另一事物)等同看待

equated

换算的

equation

[D.J.:iˈkweiʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˈkweʒən, -ʃən]

n.

方程式, 等式

相等, 平衡

equate *

1. equate equates equating equated
If you equate one thing with another, or if you say that one thing equates with another, you believe that they are strongly connected.

- I'm always wary of men wearing suits, as I equate this with power and authority.

- The author doesn't equate liberalism and conservatism.

- The principle of hierarchy does not equate to totalitarian terror.

V-ERG

2. equation

- The equation of gangsterism with business in general in Coppola's film was intended to be subversive.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n with n

equation **

1. equation equations
An equation is a mathematical statement saying that two amounts or values are the same, for example 6x4=2x2.
N-COUNT

2. equation equations
An equation is a situation in which two or more parts have to be considered together so that the whole situation can be understood or explained.

- The equation is simple: research breeds new products.

- The party fears the equation between higher spending and higher taxes.

- New plans have taken chance out of the equation.

N-COUNT

equate

verb

make or be equal

be commensurate

compare

correspond with or to

liken

mention in the same breath

parallel

equation

noun

equating

comparison

correspondence

parallel

equator

[D.J.:iˈkweitə]

[K.K.:ɪˈkwetɚ]

n.

赤道

equator *

equator
The equator is an imaginary line around the middle of the earth at an equal distance from the North Pole and the South Pole.
N-SING: the N

equatorial

[D.J.:ˌi:kwəˈtɔ:ri:əl, -ˈtəʊr-, ˌekwə-]

[K.K.:ˌikwəˈtɔriəl, -ˈtor-, ˌɛkwə-]

adj.

赤道的,赤道附近的

equatorially

adv.

赤道地

equatorial

equatorial
Something that is equatorial is near or at the equator.

- ...the equatorial island with a hundred and twenty thousand people living there.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

equerry

[D.J.:ˈekwəri,iˈkweri]

[K.K.:ˈɛkwəri]

n.

掌马官,侍从武官

equerry

equerry equerries
An equerry is an officer of a royal household or court who acts as a personal assistant to a member of the royal family.
N-COUNT: oft N to n

equestrian

[D.J.:iˈkwestriən]

[K.K.:ɪˈkwɛstriən]

adj.

骑马的,马的,在马背上的,(古罗马)市民特权阶层成员的,骑士阶层的

n.

骑手

equestrian *

equestrian
Equestrian means connected with the activity of riding horses.

- ...his equestrian skills.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

equestrianism

[iˈkwestriənizəm]

n.

(骑)马术

equestrianism

equestrianism
Equestrianism refers to sports in which people demonstrate their skill at riding and controlling a horse.
N-UNCOUNT

equidistant

[D.J.:ˌi:kwiˈdistənt]

[K.K.:ˌikwɪˈdɪstənt, ˌɛkwɪ-]

adj.

距离相等的,等距的

equidistant

equidistant
A place that is equidistant from two other places is the same distance away from each of these places.

- Horsey is equidistant from Great Yarmouth and Mundesley.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ from/between n

equilateral

[D.J.:ˌi:kwəˈlætərəl, ˌekwə-]

[K.K.:ˌikwəˈlætərəl, ˌɛkwə-]

adj.

等边的,等面的

equilateral

equilateral
A shape or figure that is equilateral has sides that are all the same length. (TECHNICAL)

- ...its outline roughly forms an equilateral triangle.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

equilibria

n.

均衡,均势(equilibrium的复数)

equilibrium

[D.J.:ˌi:kwəˈlɪbri:əm, ˌekwə-]

[K.K.:ˌikwəˈlɪbriəm, ˌɛkwə-]

n.

平衡,均势

(心情、感情等)平静

equilibrium *

1. equilibrium equilibria
Equilibrium is a balance between several different influences or aspects of a situation. (FORMAL)

- Stocks seesawed ever lower until prices found some new level of equilibrium.

- For the economy to be in equilibrium, income must equal expenditure.

N-VAR

2. equilibrium
Someone's equilibrium is their normal calm state of mind.

- I paused in the hall to take three deep breaths to restore my equilibrium.

- He had recovered his equilibrium and even his good humour, somehow.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N

equilibrium

noun

stability

balance

equipoise

evenness

rest

steadiness

symmetry

equine

[D.J.:ˈi:ˌkwaɪn, ˈekˌwaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈiˌkwaɪn, ˈɛkˌwaɪn]

adj.

马的,似马的

equine *

equine
Equine means connected with or relating to horses.

- The event has been cancelled this spring due to the outbreak of equine influenza in the stables.

ADJ: ADJ n

equinox

[D.J.:ˈi:kwinɔks]

[K.K.:ˈikwəˌnɑks, ˈɛkwə-]

n.

昼夜平分点,春分或秋分

equinoxes

二分点

equinox

equinox equinoxes
An equinox is one of the two days in the year when day and night are of equal length.

- In the Chinese calendar, the Spring Equinox always occurs in the second month and the Autumn Equinox in the eighth month.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

equip

[D.J.:iˈkwip]

[K.K.:ɪˈkwɪp]

vt.

装备, 配备

使有能力, 使胜任

equipped

装备的

equip **

1. equip equips equipping equipped
If you equip a person or thing with something, you give them the tools or equipment that are needed.

- They become obsessed with trying to equip their vehicles with gadgets to deal with every possible contingency.

- Owners of restaurants would have to equip them to admit disabled people.

- The country did not possess the modern guns to equip the reserve army properly.

VB

2. equipped

- ...well-equipped research buildings...

- The greenhouses come equipped with a ventilating system and aluminium screen door.

- Each caravan is equipped for four persons.

ADJ

3. equip equips equipping equipped
If something equips you for a particular task or experience, it gives you the skills and attitudes you need for it, especially by educating you in a particular way.

- Relative poverty, however, did not prevent Martin from equipping himself with an excellent education.

- A basic two-hour first aid course would equip you to deal with any of these incidents.

VB

4. equipped

- Some students unburden themselves of emotional problems that faculty members feel ill equipped to handle.

- When they leave school, they will be equipped for obtaining office jobs.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to-inf, v-link ADJ for n/-ing

equip

verb

supply

arm

array

fit out

furnish

kit out

provide

stock

equipment

[D.J.:iˈkwipmənt]

[K.K.:ɪˈkwɪpmənt]

n.

设备; 装备; 配备

(工作必需的)知识, 技能

equipment ****

equipment
Equipment consists of the things which are used for a particular purpose, for example a hobby or job.

- ...computers, electronic equipment and machine tools.

- ...outdoor playing equipment.

N-UNCOUNT

equipment

noun

tools

accoutrements

apparatus

gear

paraphernalia

stuff

supplies

tackle

equitable

[D.J.:ˈekwɪtəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈɛkwɪtəbəl]

adj.

公正的,合理的

equitableness

n.

公正,合理

equitably

adv.

公正地,合理地

equitableness

n.

公平,正当

equitably

adv.

公正地

equitable *

1. equitable
Something that is equitable is fair and reasonable in a way that gives equal treatment to everyone.

- He has urged them to come to an equitable compromise that gives Hughes his proper due.

- We believe you can redistribute this money in a way that's equitable to take care of the poor of the inner city.

ADJ-GRADED
= even-handed

2. equitably

- ...a real attempt to allocate scarce resources more equitably.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

equitable

adjective

fair

even-handed

honest

impartial

just

proper

reasonable

unbiased

equity

[D.J.:ˈekwiti]

[K.K.:ˈɛkwɪti]

n.

公平, 公正

〈律〉衡平法

普通股

equity ***

1. equity
In finance, your equity is the sum of your assets, for example the value of your house, once your debts have been subtracted from it. (TECHNICAL)

- To capture his equity, Murphy must either sell or refinance.

- ...a Personal Equity Plan.

N-UNCOUNT
See also negative equity .

2. equity
Equity is the quality of being fair and reasonable in a way that gives equal treatment to everyone.

- We base this call on grounds of social justice and equity.

N-UNCOUNT

equivalence

[D.J.:ɪˈkwɪvələns]

[K.K.:ɪˈkwɪvələns]

n.

(力量等的)均等；相等；相当

等价；等值

equivalence

equivalence
If there is equivalence between two things, they have the same use, function, size, or value.

- ...the equivalence of science and rationality.

N-UNCOUNT

equivalence

noun

equality

correspondence

evenness

likeness

parity

sameness

similarity

equivalent

[D.J.:iˈkwivələnt]

[K.K.:ɪˈkwɪvələnt]

adj.

相等的, 相当的

equivalent ***

1. equivalent
If one amount or value is the equivalent of another, they are the same.

- The equivalent of two tablespoons of polyunsaturated oils is ample each day.

- Even the cheapest car costs the equivalent of 70 years' salary for a government worker.

N-SING: oft N of n

2. equivalent
Also an adjective.

- A unit is equivalent to a glass of wine or a single measure of spirits.

- They will react with hostility to the price rises and calls for equivalent wage increases are bound to be heard.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
= equal

3. equivalent equivalents
The equivalent of someone or something is a person or thing that has the same function in a different place, time, or system.

- ...the civil administrator of the West Bank and his equivalent in Gaza.

- ...the Red Cross emblem, and its equivalent in Muslim countries, the Red Crescent.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= counterpart

4. equivalent
Also an adjective.

- ...a decrease of 10% in property investment compared with the equivalent period in 1991.

ADJ

5. equivalent
You can use equivalent to emphasize the great or severe effect of something.

- His party has just suffered the equivalent of a near-fatal heart attack.

N-SING: the N of n emphasis

equivalent

noun

1.

equal

counterpart

match

opposite number

parallel

twin

adjective

2.

equal

alike

commensurate

comparable

corresponding

interchangeable

of a piece

same

similar

tantamount

equivocal

[D.J.:ɪˈkwɪvəkəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈkwɪvəkəl]

adj.

模棱两可的,意义不明的

模糊的,含糊的,不定的

(指人等)不可靠的

equivocally

adv.

equivocally

adv.

含糊地,可疑地

equivocal

1. equivocal
If you are equivocal , you are deliberately vague in what you say, because you want to avoid speaking the truth or making a decision. (FORMAL)

- Many were equivocal about the idea.

- His equivocal response has done nothing to dampen the speculation.

ADJ-GRADED

2. equivocal
If something is equivocal , it is difficult to understand, interpret, or explain, often because it has aspects that seem to contradict each other. (FORMAL)

- Research in this area is somewhat equivocal.

- He was tortured by an awareness of the equivocal nature of his position.

ADJ-GRADED

equivocal

adjective

ambiguous

evasive

indefinite

indeterminate

misleading

oblique

obscure

uncertain

vague

equivocate

[D.J.:ɪˈkwɪvəˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˈkwɪvəˌket]

vi.

使用模棱两可的话隐瞒真相

equivocation

n.

equivocation

[D.J.:iˌkwivəˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeʃən]

n.

模棱两可的话,含糊话

equivocate

1. equivocate equivocates equivocating equivocated
When someone equivocates they deliberately use vague language in order to deceive people or to avoid speaking the truth.

- He is equivocating a lot about what is going to happen if and when there are elections.

- He had asked her once again about her finances. And again she had equivocated.

VB

2. equivocation

- Why doesn't the President say so without equivocation?

N-UNCOUNT: usu without N

er

[ʌ:,ə:ˌə]

int.

嗯

er **

er
Er is used in writing to represent the sound that people make when they hesitate, especially while they decide what to say next.

- I would challenge the, er, suggestion that we're in third place.

- People that are addicted to drugs get er help from the government one way or another.

ER

abbr.

Queen Elizabeth<英>伊丽莎白女王

ER

abbr.

Queen Elizabeth〈英〉伊丽莎白女王

ER

ER ERs
The ER is the part of a hospital where people who have severe injuries or sudden illnesses are taken for emergency treatment. ER is an abbreviation for `emergency room'. (AM; in BRIT use casualty or A & E )
N-COUNT

-er

1. -er
You add -er to many short adjectives to form comparatives. For example, the comparative of `nice' is `nicer'; the comparative of `happy' is `happier'. You also add it to some adverbs that do not end in -ly. For example, the comparative of `soon' is `sooner'.
SUFFIX

2. -er
You add -er to verbs to form nouns which refer to a person, animal, or thing that does the action described by the verb; for example a `reader' is someone who reads and a `money-saver' is something that saves money.
SUFFIX

3. -er
You add -er to words to form nouns which refer to a person who is associated or involved with the thing described by the word; for example a `pensioner' is someone who is entitled to a pension.
SUFFIX

4. -er
You add -er to nouns to form nouns or adjectives which refer to things with a particular characteristic or feature; for example a `three-wheeler' is a vehicle with three wheels.
SUFFIX

5. -er
You add -er to words to form nouns which refer to a person with a particular job. For example, someone who works in a mine is a `miner'.
SUFFIX

6. -er
You add -er to the names of some places to form nouns which refer to a person who comes from that place. For example, someone who comes from London is a `Londoner'.
SUFFIX

era

[ˈiərə]

n.

纪元

历史时期, 时代

era ***

era eras
You can refer to a period of history or a long period of time as an era when you want to draw attention to a particular feature or quality that it has.

- ...the nuclear era.

- ...the Reagan-Bush era...

- It was an era of austerity.

N-COUNT: usu supp N, N of n
= age

era

noun

age

date

day or days

epoch

generation

period

time

eradicate

[D.J.:ɪˈrædɪˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˈrædɪˌket]

vt.

摧毁,完全根除

eradication

n.

摧毁,根除

eradicator

n.

根除者;褪色灵

eradicated

[iˈrædikeitid]

adj.

画着根的

eradication

[iˌrædiˈkeiʃən]

n.

连根拔除,根除

eradicator

[iˈrædikeitə]

n.

根除的人,墨水擦,去污剂

eradicate *

1. eradicate eradicates eradicating eradicated
To eradicate something means to get rid of it completely. (FORMAL)

- They are already battling to eradicate illnesses such as malaria and tetanus.

- If tedious tasks could be eradicated, the world would be much better place.

VB
= eliminate

2. eradication

- He is seen as having made a significant contribution towards the eradication of corruption.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

eradicate

verb

wipe out

annihilate

destroy

eliminate

erase

exterminate

extinguish

obliterate

remove

root out

erase

[D.J.:iˈreiz]

[K.K.:ɪˈres]

vt.

擦掉, 抹去, 清除

erase *

1. erase erases erasing erased
If you erase a thought or feeling, you destroy it completely so that you can no longer remember something or no longer feel a particular emotion.

- They are desperate to erase the memory of that last defeat in Cardiff.

- Love was a word he'd erased from his vocabulary since Susan's going.

VB

2. erase erases erasing erased
If you erase sound which has been recorded on a tape or information which has been stored in a computer, you completely remove or destroy it.

- He was found by the girls in the studio tearfully erasing all the tapes he'd slaved over.

- It appears the names were accidentally erased from computer disks.

VB
= wipe

3. erase erases erasing erased
If you erase something such as writing or a mark, you remove it, usually by rubbing it with a cloth.

- It was unfortunate that she had erased the message.

VB
= rub out

erase

verb

wipe out

blot

cancel

delete

expunge

obliterate

remove

rub out

eraser

[D.J.:ɪˈreɪsə]

[K.K.:ɪˈresɚ]

n.

<主美>橡皮擦;板擦

eraser

eraser erasers
An eraser is an object, usually a piece of rubber or plastic, which is used for removing something that has been written using a pencil or a pen. (AM; ALSO BRIT, FORMAL)

- ...a large, flat, pink India-rubber eraser.

N-COUNT
= rubber

erasure

[D.J.:ɪˈreɪʃə]

[K.K.:ɪˈreʃɚ]

n.

擦掉;删去

删掉的词

erasure

erasure
The erasure of something is the removal, loss, or destruction of it. (FORMAL)

- It does not represent a further erasure of the UK's thin manufacturing base.

- ...the final and cataclysmic erasure of all the remaining dinosaurs 65 million years ago.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

ere

[D.J.:eə]

[K.K.:ɛr]

prep.

在…之前

conj.

在…之前

ere

ere
Ere means the same as `before'. (OLD-FASHIONED, LITERARY)

- It was not long ere a call came from the house and recalled me from my reflections.

- Take the water ere the clock strikes twelve.

CONJ-SUBORD

erect

[D.J.:iˈrekt]

[K.K.:ɪˈrɛkt]

adj.

竖立的, 直立的, 挺立的

vt.

使直立; 竖起

〈正〉建立

erect **

1. erect erects erecting erected
If people erect something such as a building, bridge, or barrier, they build it or create it. (FORMAL)

- Opposition demonstrators have erected barricades in roads leading to the parliament building.

- The building was erected in 1900-1901 for the Glasgow Parish Council.

- We all unconsciously erect barriers against intimacy.

VB
= build

2. erect erects erecting erected
If you erect a system, a theory, or an institution, you create it.

- Japanese proprietors are erecting a complex infrastructure of political influence throughout America.

- He erected a new doctrine of precedent.

- ...the whole edifice of free trade which has been erected since the Second World War.

VB
= put up

3. erect
People or things that are erect are straight and upright.

- Stand reasonably erect, your arms hanging naturally.

- Her head was erect and her back was straight.

- ...the short, stiff, erect stems of almost bead-like blue flowers.

ADJ-GRADED

erect

verb

1.

build

construct

put up

raise

set up

2.

found

create

establish

form

initiate

institute

organize

set up

adjective

3.

upright

elevated

perpendicular

pricked-up

stiff

straight

vertical

erection

[D.J.:ɪˈrekʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˈrɛkʃən]

n.

建立;建造

竖立物, 建筑物

erection *

1. erection erections
If a man has an erection his penis is stiff, swollen, and sticking up because he is sexually aroused.
N-COUNT

2. erection
The erection of something is the act of building it or placing it in an upright position.

- ...the erection of temporary fencing to protect hedges under repair.

- ...the erection of the first temple.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

ergative

[D.J.:ˈə:ɡətiv]

[K.K.:ˈɚrɡətɪv]

n.

(爱斯基摩语、巴斯克语等中的)动者格,主动格,唯被动格

ergative

ergative
An ergative verb is a verb that can be both transitive and intransitive, where the subject of the intransitive verb is the same as the object of the transitive verb. For example, `open' is an ergative verb because you can say `The door opened' or `She opened the door'.
ADJ

ergo

[D.J.:ˈə:ɡəu]

[K.K.:ˈɚɡo, ˈɛr-]

adv.

因此,由是

ergo

ergo
Ergo is sometimes used instead of `therefore' to introduce a clause in which you mention something that is the consequence or logical result of what you have just said. (LITERARY or FORMAL)

- Neither side would have an incentive to start a war. Ergo, peace would reign.

ADV: ADV with cl
= therefore

ergonomics

[D.J.:ˌɜ:gəˈnɔmɪks]

[K.K.:ˌɚɡəˈnɑmɪks]

工效学

ergonomics

[D.J.:ˌə:ɡəuˈnɔmiks]

[K.K.:ˌɚɡəˈnɑmɪks]

n.

人类工程学,生物工程学;工效学

ergonomics

ergonomics
Ergonomics is the study of how equipment and furniture can be arranged in order that people can do work or other activities more efficiently and comfortably.
N-UNCOUNT

ermine

[D.J.:ˈə:min]

[K.K.:ˈɚmɪn]

n.

貂,貂的白毛皮

ermine

ermine
Ermine is expensive white fur that comes from small animals called stoats.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

erode

[D.J.:ɪˈrəʊd]

[K.K.:ɪˈrod]

vt. & vi.

侵蚀, 腐蚀

eroded

缺刻状的

erode **

1. erode erodes eroding eroded
If rock or soil erodes or is eroded by the weather, sea, or wind, it cracks and breaks so that it is gradually destroyed.

- By 1980, Miami beach had all but totally eroded.

- Once exposed, soil is quickly eroded by wind and rain.

V-ERG
= wear away

2. eroded

- ...the deeply eroded landscape.

ADJ-GRADED

3. erode erodes eroding eroded
If someone's authority, right, or confidence erodes or is eroded , it is gradually destroyed or removed. (FORMAL)

- His critics say his fumbling of the issue of reform has eroded his authority.

- America's belief in its own God-ordained uniqueness started to erode.

V-ERG

4. erode erodes eroding eroded
If the value of something erodes or is eroded by something such as inflation or age, its value decreases.

- Competition in the financial marketplace has eroded profits.

- The value of the dollar began to erode rapidly just around this time.

V-ERG

erode

verb

wear down or away

abrade

consume

corrode

destroy

deteriorate

disintegrate

eat away

grind down

erogenous

[D.J.:iˈrɔdʒinəs]

[K.K.:ɪˈrɑdʒənəs]

adj.

唤起情欲的,性感的

erogenous

erogenous
An erogenous part of your body is one where sexual pleasure can be felt or caused. (FORMAL)

- Your body contains many erogenous zones, areas that lead to a feeling of sexual excitement when they are caressed.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

erosion

[D.J.:iˈrəuʒən]

[K.K.:ɪˈroʒən]

n.

腐蚀, 侵蚀; 磨损

erosion *

1. erosion
Erosion is the gradual destruction and removal of rock or soil in a particular area by rivers, the sea, or the weather.

- As their roots are strong and penetrating, they prevent erosion.

- ...erosion of the river valleys.

- ...soil erosion.

N-UNCOUNT

2. erosion
The erosion of a person's authority, rights, or confidence is the gradual destruction or removal of them.

- ...the erosion of confidence in world financial markets.

- ...an erosion of presidential power.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. erosion
The erosion of support, values, or money is a gradual decrease in its level or standard.

- ...the erosion of moral standards.

- ...a dramatic erosion of support for the program.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

erosion

noun

deterioration

abrasion

attrition

destruction

disintegration

eating away

grinding down

wearing down or away

erotic

[D.J.:ɪˈrɔtɪk]

[K.K.:ɪˈrɑtɪk]

adj.

(引起)性欲的;色情的

erotically

adv.

引起性欲地

erotic **

1. erotic
If you describe something as erotic , you mean that it involves sexual feelings or arouses sexual desire.

- It might sound like some kind of wild fantasy, but it wasn't an erotic experience at all.

- ...photographs of nude women in erotic poses.

ADJ-GRADED

2. erotically

- The film is shot seductively, erotically.

- He may get a woman erotically obsessed with him but he will never get her love.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. erotic
Erotic art shows naked people or sexual acts, and is intended to produce feelings of sexual pleasure.

- Erotic paintings also became a fine art.

ADJ: ADJ n

erotic

adjective

sexual

amatory

carnal

lustful

seductive

sensual

sexy informal

voluptuous

erotica

[iˈrɔtikə]

n.

色情书籍,色情(艺术)作品

erotica

erotica
Erotica means works of art that show or describe sexual activity, and which are intended to arouse sexual feelings.
N-UNCOUNT

eroticism

[D.J.:iˈrɔtisiz(ə)m]

[K.K.:ɪˈrɑtɪˌsɪzəm]

n.

色情,性爱倾向,性的兴奋,性欲亢进

eroticism

eroticism
Eroticism is sexual excitement, or the quality of being able to arouse sexual excitement. (FORMAL)

- Almost all of Massenet's works are pervaded with an aura of eroticism.

N-UNCOUNT

err

[D.J.:ə:]

[K.K.:ɚ, ɛr]

vi.

犯错误; 做错事

erring

[ˈə:riŋ]

adj.

做错事的,错误的

err *

1. err errs erring erred
If you err , you make a mistake. (OLD-FASHIONED, FORMAL)

- It criticises the main contractor for seriously erring in its original estimates.

- If you make a threat be sure to carry it out if he errs again.

VB

2. err
If you say that to err is human , you mean that it is natural for human beings to make mistakes.

- To err is human, and nobody likes a perfect person.

PHR

3. err
If you err on the side of caution, for example, you decide to act in a cautious way, rather than take risks.

- They may be wise to err on the side of caution.

- He probably erred on the conservative rather than the generous side.

PHR: V inflects

err

verb

make a mistake

blunder

go wrong

miscalculate

misjudge

mistake

slip up informal

errand

[D.J.:ˈerənd]

[K.K.:ˈɛrənd]

n.

差使

差事

errand *

1. errand errands
An errand is a short trip that you make in order to do a job for someone, for example when you go to a shop to buy something for them.

- She went off on some errand.

- She had a more urgent errand.

N-COUNT

2. errand
If you run an errand for someone, you do or get something for them, usually by making a short trip somewhere.

- Run an errand for me, will you? Go find Roger for me.

- Frank drifted into running dodgy errands for a seedy local villain.

PHR: V inflects

errand

noun

job

charge

commission

message

mission

task

errant

[D.J.:ˈerənt]

[K.K.:ˈɛrənt]

adj.

迷途的;离开正道的, 出格的;犯错误的

errant

errant
Errant is used to describe someone whose actions are considered unacceptable or wrong by other people. For example, an errant husband is unfaithful to his wife. (FORMAL)

- Usually his cases involved errant husbands and wandering wives.

- His errant son at Dartmouth ran up debts of £2250.

ADJ: ADJ n

erratic

[D.J.:ɪˈrætɪk]

[K.K.:ɪˈrætɪk]

adj.

飘忽不定的;(运动或行为)不规则的

erratically

adv.

不规律地,不定地

erratic *

1. erratic
Something that is erratic does not follow a regular pattern, but happens at unexpected times or moves along in an irregular way.

- Argentina's erratic inflation rate threatens to upset the plans.

- ...the family's erratic affairs.

ADJ-GRADED
= unpredictable

2. erratically

- Police stopped him for driving erratically.

ADV-GRADED

erratic

adjective

unpredictable

changeable

inconsistent

irregular

uneven

unreliable

unstable

variable

wayward

erroneous

[D.J.:iˈrəunjəs]

[K.K.:ɪˈroniəs]

adj.

〈正〉错误的, 不正确的

erroneous *

1. erroneous
Beliefs, opinions, or methods that are erroneous are incorrect or only partly correct.

- Some people have the erroneous notion that one can contract AIDS by giving blood.

- They have arrived at some erroneous conclusions.

ADJ-GRADED

2. erroneously

- It had been widely and erroneously reported that Armstrong had refused to give evidence.

ADV: ADV with v

erroneous

adjective

incorrect

fallacious

false

faulty

flawed

invalid

mistaken

unsound

wrong

error

[D.J.:ˈerə]

[K.K.:ˈɛrɚ]

n.

错误

过失, 失误

error ***

1. error errors
An error is something you have done which is considered to be incorrect or wrong, or which should not have been done.

- NASA discovered a mathematical error in its calculations.

- MPs attacked lax management and errors of judgment.

N-VAR: oft N prep

2. error
If you do something in error or if it happens in error you do it or it happens because you have made a mistake, especially in your judgement.

- The plane was shot down in error by a NATO missile.

PHR: usu PHR after v

3. error
If someone sees the error of their ways , they realize or admit that they have made a mistake or behaved badly.

- I wanted an opportunity to talk some sense into him and try to make him see the error of his ways.

PHR: PHR after v

error

noun

mistake

bloomer Brit. informal

blunder

howler informal

miscalculation

oversight

slip

solecism

ersatz

[D.J.:ˈerˌzɑ:ts, erˈzɑ:ts]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌzɑts, ɛrˈzɑts]

adj. & n.

代用 (品)

仿造(物)

ersatz

1. ersatz
If you describe something as ersatz , you dislike it because it is not genuine and is a poor imitation of something better. (WRITTEN)

- ...an ersatz Victorian shopping precinct...

- The ersatz spontaneity of `Sunday Love' sounds especially hollow.

ADJ: usu ADJ n disapproval
= fake

2. ersatz
An ersatz product is a poor quality product that is used to replace something that is not available. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- There were few provisions available in exchange for food stamps: ersatz coffee, macaroni, small cubes of margarine.

ADJ: ADJ n
= substitute

erstwhile

[D.J.:ˈə:stwail]

[K.K.:ˈɚstˌhwaɪl, -ˌwaɪl]

adj.

过去的, 从前的

erstwhile *

erstwhile
You use erstwhile to describe someone that used to be the type of person indicated, but no longer is. (FORMAL)

- Erstwhile workers may have become managers.

- He fled to America with Phyllis Burton, an erstwhile friend of his wife's.

ADJ: ADJ n
= one-time

erstwhile

adjective

former

bygone

late

old

once

one-time

past

previous

sometime

erudite

[D.J.:ˈerjəˌdaɪt, ˈerə-]

[K.K.:ˈɛrjəˌdaɪt, ˈɛrə-]

adj.

博学的,有学问的

erudition

n.

erudition

[D.J.:ˌerʊˈdɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌ ɛrjʊˈdɪʃən]

n.

博学;学识

erudite

erudite
If you describe someone as erudite , you mean that they have or show great academic knowledge. You can also use erudite to describe something such as a book or a style of writing. (FORMAL)

- He was never dull, always erudite and well informed.

- ...an original and highly erudite style.

ADJ-GRADED

erudite

adjective

learned

cultivated

cultured

educated

knowledgeable

scholarly

well-educated

well-read

erudition

erudition
Erudition is great academic knowledge. (FORMAL)

- His erudition was apparently endless.

N-UNCOUNT

erupt

[D.J.:iˈrʌpt]

[K.K.:ɪˈrʌpt]

vi.

爆发, 喷发

突然发生

出疹

eruption

[D.J.:ɪˈrʌpʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˈrʌpʃən]

n.

喷发, 爆发

erupt **

1. erupt erupts erupting erupted
When a volcano erupts , it throws out a lot of hot, melted rock called lava, as well as ash and steam.

- The volcano erupted in 1980, devastating a large area of Washington state.

- Scientists say Mount Pinatubo could erupt again soon.

VB

2. eruption eruptions

- ...the volcanic eruption of Tambora in 1815.

N-VAR: usu with supp

3. erupt erupts erupting erupted
If violence or fighting erupts , it suddenly begins or gets worse in an unexpected, violent way. (JOURNALISM)

- Heavy fighting erupted there today after a two-day cease-fire.

- Violence erupted as the boys were driven away in two police vans.

VB
= break out

4. eruption

- ...this sudden eruption of violence.

N-COUNT

5. erupt erupts erupting erupted
When people in a place suddenly become angry or violent, you can say that they erupt or that the place erupts . (JOURNALISM)

- In Los Angeles, the neighborhood known as Watts erupted into riots.

- This region which had been relatively calm erupted in violence again this spring.

VB

6. erupt erupts erupting erupted
You say that someone erupts when they suddenly have a change in mood, usually becoming quite noisy.

- Then, without warning, she erupts into laughter.

- Newman fled barefoot as the cheated husband erupted in fury.

VB

7. eruption

- ...an eruption of despair.

N-COUNT

8. erupt erupts erupting erupted
If your skin erupts , sores or spots suddenly appear there.

- At the end of the second week, my skin erupted in pimples.

VB

9. eruption

- ...eruptions of adolescent acne.

- ...an unpleasant skin eruption.

N-COUNT: with supp

erupt

verb

1.

explode

belch forth

blow up

burst out

gush

pour forth

spew forth or out

spout

throw off

2.

break out

appear

eruption

noun Medical

1.

explosion

discharge

ejection

flare-up

outbreak

outburst

2.

inflammation

outbreak

rash

escalate

[D.J.:ˈeskəleit]

[K.K.:ˈɛskəˌlet]

vt. & vi.

(使)逐步升级; (使)逐步扩大

(使)更高, (使)更大

escalation

[ˌeskəˈleiʃən]

n.

扩大,增加

escalate **

1. escalate escalates escalating escalated
If a bad situation escalates or if someone or something escalates it, it becomes greater in size, seriousness, or intensity. (JOURNALISM)

- Both unions and management fear the dispute could escalate.

- The protests escalated into five days of rioting.

- Defeat could cause one side or other to escalate the conflict.

V-ERG

2. escalation escalations

- The threat of nuclear escalation remains.

- ...a sudden escalation of violence.

N-VAR

escalate

verb Medical

increase

expand

extend

grow

heighten

intensify

mount

rise

escalator

[D.J.:ˈeskəˌleɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈɛskəˌletɚ]

n.

自动扶梯

escalator

escalator escalators
An escalator is a moving staircase on which people can go from one level of a building to another.
N-COUNT

escalope

n.

(裹面包屑和鸡蛋的)炸肉块

escalope

escalope escalopes
An escalope is a thin slice of meat without a bone. (mainly BRIT; in AM use scallop or cutlet )
N-COUNT: usu with supp

escapade

[D.J.:ˈeskəˌpeɪd]

[K.K.:ˈɛskəˌped]

n.

恶作剧, 越轨行为, 冒险行为

escapade

escapade escapades
An escapade is an exciting and rather dangerous adventure.

- ...the scene of Robin Hood's escapades.

N-COUNT

escapade

noun

adventure

antic

caper

prank

scrape informal

stunt

escape

[D.J.:isˈkeip]

[K.K.:ɪˈskep]

vi.

逃脱, 逃跑

漏出, 泄漏

vt. & vi.

逃避, 避开; 免除

n.

逃走, 逃脱; 逃避

消遣, 解闷

escaped

[D.J.:ɪsˈkeɪpt]

adj.

溜走

escape ****

1. escape escapes escaping escaped
If you escape from a place, you succeed in getting away from it.

- A prisoner has escaped from a jail in northern England.

- They are reported to have escaped to the other side of the border.

- He was fatally wounded as he tried to escape.

VB: no passive

2. escaped

- Officers mistook Stephen for an escaped prisoner.

ADJ

3. escape escapes
Someone's escape is the act of escaping from a particular place or situation.

- The man made his escape.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

4. escape escapes escaping escaped
You can say that you escape when you survive something such as an accident.

- The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury.

- The man's girlfriend managed to escape unhurt.

- He narrowly escaped with his life when suspected right-wing extremists fired shots into his office.

VB

5. escape escapes
Also a noun.

- I hear you had a very narrow escape on the bridge.

N-COUNT

6. escape escapes
If something is an escape , it is a way of avoiding difficulties or responsibilities.

- But for me television is an escape.

- ...an escape from the depressing realities of wartime.

N-COUNT: usu sing

7. escape
You can use escape to describe things which allow you to avoid difficulties or problems. For example, an escape route is an activity or opportunity that lets you improve your situation. An escape clause is part of an agreement that allows you to avoid having to do something that you do not want to do.

- We all need the occasional escape route from the boring, routine aspects of our lives.

- This has, in fact, turned out to be a wonderful escape clause for dishonest employers everywhere.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. escape escapes escaping escaped
If something escapes you or escapes your attention, you do not know about it, do not remember it, or do not notice it.

- It was an actor whose name escapes me for the moment.

- Blonde and slender, she was too striking to escape their attention.

VB

9. escape escapes escaping escaped
When gas, liquid, or heat escapes , it comes out from a pipe, container, or place.

- Leave a vent open to let some moist air escape.

VB

escape

verb

1.

get away

abscond

bolt

break free or out

flee

fly

make one's getaway

run away or off

slip away

2.

avoid

dodge

duck

elude

evade

pass

shun

slip

3.

leak

emanate

exude

flow

gush

issue

pour forth

seep

noun

4.

getaway

break

break-out

flight

5.

avoidance

circumvention

evasion

6.

relaxation

distraction

diversion

pastime

recreation

7.

leak

emanation

emission

seepage

escape artist

escape artist escape artists
An escape artist is the same as an escapologist . (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

escapee

[D.J.:ɪˌskeɪˈpi:, ˌeskeɪ-]

[K.K.:ɪˌskeˈpi, ˌɛske-]

n.

逃脱者,逃亡者,逃犯

escapee

escapee escapees
An escapee is a person who has escaped from somewhere, especially from prison.
N-COUNT

escapism

[D.J.:isˈkeipizəm]

[K.K.:ɪˈskeˌpɪzəm]

n.

逃避现实,空想

escapism

escapism
If you describe an activity or type of entertainment as escapism , you mean that it makes people think about pleasant things instead of the uninteresting or unpleasant aspects of their life.

- Horoscopes are merely harmless escapism from an ever-bleaker world.

N-UNCOUNT

escapist

[D.J.:iˈskeipist]

[K.K.:ɪˈskepɪst]

adj.

逃避现实的

n.

逃避现实者

escapist

escapist
Escapist ideas, activities, or types of entertainment make people think about pleasant or unlikely things instead of the uninteresting or unpleasant aspects of their life.

- ...a little escapist fantasy.

ADJ-GRADED

escapologist

[ˌeskeiˈpɔlədʒist]

n.

〈主英〉表演脱身术的人

escapologist

escapologist escapologists
An escapologist is someone who entertains audiences by being tied up and placed in a dangerous situation, then escaping from it. (BRIT; in AM use escape artist )
N-COUNT

escarpment

[D.J.:iˈskɑ:pmənt]

[K.K.:ɪˈskɑrpmənt]

n.

悬崖,断崖,绝壁,陡斜坡

escarpment

escarpment escarpments
An escarpment is a wide, steep slope on a hill or mountain.
N-COUNT

eschew

[D.J.:esˈtʃu:]

[K.K.:ɛsˈtʃu]

vt.

(尤指为道德或实际理由而)习惯性避开,回避

eschew *

eschew eschews eschewing eschewed
If you eschew something, you deliberately avoid doing it or becoming involved in it. (FORMAL)

- Although he appeared to enjoy a jet-setting life, he eschewed publicity and avoided nightclubs.

VB
= avoid

escort

[D.J.:ˈeskɔ:t]

[K.K.:ˈɛsˌkɔrt]

n.

护送者, 护卫队; 护航舰, 护航飞机

vt.

护送; 护卫

escorting

海上护送

escort **

1. escort escorts
If someone is taken somewhere under escort , they are accompanied by guards, either because they have been arrested or because they need to be protected.

- He arrived with a police escort shortly before half past nine.

- A man was injured when gunmen attacked a group of Hindus being taken under police escort to the city outskirts.

PHR: PHR after v

2. escort escorts
An escort is a person who accompanies another person of the opposite sex to a social event. Sometimes people are paid to be escorts.

- My sister needed an escort for a company dinner.

N-COUNT

3. escort escorts escorting escorted
If you escort someone somewhere, you accompany them there, usually in order to make sure that they leave a place or get to their destination.

- I escorted him to the door.

- The vessel was escorted to an undisclosed port.

VB

escort

noun

1.

guard

bodyguard

convoy

cortege

entourage

retinue

train

2.

companion

attendant

beau

chaperon

guide

partner

verb

3.

accompany

chaperon

conduct

guide

lead

partner

shepherd

usher

escrow

[D.J.:esˈkrəu]

[K.K.:ˈɛsˌkro, ɛˈskro]

n.

由第三者保存附带条件委付盖印的契约

escrow

escrow
Escrow is money or property which is given to someone, but which is kept by another person until the first person has done a particular thing or met particular requirements. (mainly AM, LEGAL)

- They had $96,000 in their escrow account.

- His stake has been held in escrow since the start of the year.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

Eskimo

[D.J.:ˈeskəˌməʊ]

[K.K.:ˈɛskəˌmo]

n.

爱斯基摩人

Eskimo *

Eskimo Eskimos
An Eskimo is a member of the group of peoples who live in Alaska, Northern Canada, eastern Siberia, and other parts of the Arctic. These peoples now usually call themselves Inuits or Aleuts, and the term Eskimo could cause offence.
N-COUNT
= Inuit

ESL

abbr.

English as a second language 非母语英语课程

ESL

abbr.

English as a second language 非母语英语课程

ESL

ESL
ESL is taught to people whose native language is not English but who live in a society in which English is the main language or one of the main languages. ESL is an abbreviation for `English as a second language'.

esoteric

[D.J.:ˌesəˈterɪk]

[K.K.:ˌɛsəˈtɛrɪk]

adj.

机密的;神秘的;难解的

esoterically

adv.

机密地;神秘地

esoteric *

esoteric
If you describe something as esoteric , you mean it is known, understood, or appreciated by only a small number of people. (FORMAL)

- ...esoteric knowledge.

- ...a spoiled aristocrat with pretentious airs and esoteric tastes.

ADJ-GRADED

esp.

esp.
esp. is a written abbreviation for especially .

ESP

[D.J.:ˌi:esˈpi:]

[K.K.:ˌiɛsˈpi]

abbr.

extrasensory perception 超感觉的知觉

ESP

[D.J.:ˌi:esˈpi:]

[K.K.:ˌiɛsˈpi]

abbr.

extrasensory perception 超感觉的知觉

ESP

1. ESP
ESP is the teaching of English to students whose first language is not English but who need it for a particular job, activity, or purpose. ESP is an abbreviation for `English for specific purposes' or `English for special purposes'. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

2. ESP
ESP is an abbreviation for extra-sensory perception .
N-UNCOUNT

especial

[D.J.:ɪˈspeʃəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈspɛʃəl]

adj.

特别的,突出的

especial

especial
Especial means unusual or special in some way. (FORMAL)

- The authorities took especial interest in him because of his trade union work.

ADJ: ADJ n
= special

especial

adjective Formal

exceptional

noteworthy

outstanding

principal

special

uncommon

unusual

especially

[D.J.:isˈpeʃəli]

[K.K.:ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ-]

adv.

尤其, 特别

especially ****

1. especially
You use especially to emphasize that what you are saying applies more to one person, thing, or area than to any others.

- Millions of wild flowers colour the valleys, especially in April and May.

- Re-apply sunscreen every two hours, especially if you have been swimming.

ADV: ADV with cl/group emphasis
= particularly

2. especially
You use especially to emphasize a characteristic or quality.

- Babies lose heat much faster than adults, and are especially vulnerable to the cold in their first month.

ADV: ADV adj/adv emphasis

especially

adverb

exceptionally

conspicuously

markedly

notably

outstandingly

remarkably

specially

strikingly

uncommonly

unusually

Esperanto

[D.J.:ˌespəˈræntəu]

[K.K.:ˌɛspəˈrænto, -ˈrɑn-]

n.

世界语

Esperanto

Esperanto
Esperanto is an invented language which consists of parts of several European languages, and which was designed to help people from different countries communicate with each other.
N-UNCOUNT

espionage

[D.J.:ˌespiəˈnɑ:ʒ]

[K.K.:ˈɛspiəˌnɑʒ, -nɪdʒ]

n.

谍报活动; 间谍行为

espionage *

espionage
Espionage is the activity of finding out the political, military, or industrial secrets of your enemies or rivals by using spies. (FORMAL)

- The authorities have arrested several people suspected of espionage.

- ...industrial espionage.

N-UNCOUNT
= spying

See also counter-espionage .

espionage

noun

spying

counter-intelligence

intelligence

surveillance

undercover work

esplanade

[D.J.:ˌespləˈneid]

[K.K.:ˈɛspləˌnɑd, -ˌned]

n.

平坦的空地,游憩场,散步路

esplanade

esplanade esplanades
The esplanade , usually in a town by the sea, is a wide, open road where people walk for pleasure.
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

espousal

[D.J.:ɪˈspaʊzəl, -səl]

[K.K.:ɪˈspaʊzəl, -səl]

n.

支持,拥护

<古>结婚,订婚

espouse

[D.J.:ɪˈspaʊz]

[K.K.:ɪˈspaʊz]

vt.

(决定)支持,拥护(目标、主张等)

espousal

n.

(对某一目标、主张等的)支持,拥护

espousal

espousal
A government's or person's espousal of a particular policy, cause, or belief is their strong support of it. (FORMAL)

- ...the Slovene leadership's espousal of the popular causes of reform and nationalism.

N-SING: usu poss N of n

espousal

noun

support

adoption

advocacy

backing

championing

defence

embracing

promotion

taking up

espouse *

espouse espouses espousing espoused
If you espouse a particular policy, cause, or belief, you become very interested in it and give your support to it. (FORMAL)

- She ran away with him to Mexico and espoused the revolutionary cause.

VB
= take up

espouse

verb

support

adopt

advocate

back

champion

embrace

promote

stand up for

take up

uphold

espresso

[D.J.:ˈespresəu]

[K.K.:ɪˈsprɛso, ɛˈsprɛso]

n.

(蒸汽加压煮出的)浓咖啡

espresso

1. espresso
Espresso coffee is made by forcing steam or boiling water through ground coffee beans.

- ...Italian espresso coffee.

N-UNCOUNT

2. espresso espressos
An espresso is a cup of espresso coffee.
N-COUNT

esprit de corps

esprit de corps
Esprit de corps is a feeling of loyalty and pride that is shared by the members of a group who consider themselves to be different from other people in some special way. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

espy

[D.J.:ɪˈspaɪ]

[K.K.:ɪˈspaɪ]

vt.

看到

espy

espy espies espying espied
If you espy something, you see or notice it. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Here, from a window, did Guinevere espy a knight standing in a woodman's cart.

VB

Esq.

abbr.

Esquire 写信时对男性的敬称

Esq.

abbr.

Esquire 写信时对男性的敬称

Esq.

Esq.
Esq. is used after men's names as a written abbreviation for esquire .

- ...Harold T. Cranford Esq.

esquire

[D.J.:isˈkwaiə]

[K.K.:ˈɛsˌkwaɪr, ɪˈskwaɪr]

n.

旧指骑士,先生,士绅

esquire

esquire
Esquire is a formal title that can be used after a man's name if he has no other title, especially on an envelope that is addressed to him. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-TITLE

essay

[D.J.:ˈesei]

[K.K.:ˈɛsˌe, ɛˈse]

n.

散文, 随笔

essay **

1. essay essays
An essay is a short piece of writing on one particular subject written by a student.

- We asked Jason to write an essay about his hometown and about his place in it.

N-COUNT

2. essay essays
An essay is a short piece of writing on one particular subject that is written by a writer for publication.

- ...Thomas Malthus's essay on population.

N-COUNT: oft N on n

3. essay essays essaying essayed
If you essay something, you try to do it. (FORMAL)

- Sinclair essayed a smile but it could hardly have been rated as a success.

VB

4. essay essays
Also a noun.

- His first essay in running a company was a notoriously tough undertaking.

N-COUNT: usu N in n

essay

noun

1.

composition

article

discourse

dissertation

paper

piece

tract

treatise

verb

2.

attempt

aim

endeavour

try

undertake

essayist

[D.J.:ˈeseiist]

[K.K.:ˈɛsˌeɪst]

n.

小品作者,随笔作家,评论家

essayist

essayist essayists
An essayist is a writer who writes essays for publication.
N-COUNT

essence

[D.J.:ˈesns]

[K.K.:ˈɛsəns]

n.

本质, 实质, 要素

(植物, 药物等)精髓, 精华

essence **

1. essence
If you say that something is of the essence , you mean that it is absolutely necessary in order for a particular action to be successful. (FORMAL)

- The essence of consultation is to listen to, and take account of, the views of those consulted.

- ...the essence of life...

- Others claim that Ireland's very essence is expressed through the language.

- Though off-puttingly complicated in detail, local taxes are in essence simple.

- Time is of the essence.

- Speed was of the essence in a project of this type.

PHR: V inflects
= crucial

2. essence essences
Essence is a very concentrated liquid that is used for flavouring food or for its smell.

- ...a few drops of vanilla essence.

- ...exotic bath essences.

N-MASS

essence

noun Formal

1.

fundamental nature

being

core

heart

nature

quintessence

soul

spirit

substance

2.

concentrate

distillate

extract

spirits

tincture

essential

[D.J.:iˈsenʃəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈsɛnʃəl]

adj.

必不可少的, 绝对必要的; 非常重要的

本质的, 实质的, 基本的

n.

要素, 要点

必需品

essentials

概要;要件

essential ****

1. essential
Something that is essential is extremely important or absolutely necessary to a particular subject, situation, or activity.

- It was absolutely essential to separate crops from the areas that animals used as pasture.

- As they must also sprint over short distances, speed is essential.

- Jordan promised to trim the city budget without cutting essential services.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
= crucial

2. essential essentials
The essentials are the things that are absolutely necessary for the situation you are in or for the task you are doing.

- The flat contained the basic essentials for bachelor life.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. essential
The essential aspects of something are its most basic or important aspects.

- Most authorities agree that play is an essential part of a child's development.

- In this trial two essential elements must be proven: motive and opportunity.

ADJ-GRADED
= fundamental

4. essential essentials
The essentials are the most important principles, ideas, or facts of a particular subject.

- ...the essentials of everyday life, such as eating and exercise...

- This has stripped the contest down to its essentials.

- ...the bare essentials.

N-PLURAL

essential

adjective

1.

vital

crucial

important

indispensable

necessary

needed

requisite

2.

fundamental

basic

cardinal

elementary

innate

intrinsic

main

principal

noun

3.

prerequisite

basic

fundamental

must

necessity

rudiment

sine qua non

essentially

[D.J.:iˈsenʃəli]

adv.

本质上;根本上

必需的

essentially ***

1. essentially
You use essentially to emphasize a quality that someone or something has, and to say that it is their most important or basic quality. (FORMAL)

- It's been believed for centuries that great writers, composers and scientists are essentially quite different from ordinary people.

- Essentially, vines and grapes need water, heat and light.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group emphasis
= fundamentally

2. essentially
You use essentially to indicate that what you are saying is mainly true, although some parts of it are wrong or more complicated than has been stated. (FORMAL)

- His analysis of urban use of agricultural land has been proved essentially correct.

- Essentially, the West has only two options.

- The company won the contract by essentially saying it would do the job for free.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV with v vagueness

-est

-est
You add -est to many short adjectives to form superlatives. For example, the superlative of `nice' is `nicest'; the superlative of `happy' is `happiest'. You also add it to some adverbs that do not end in -ly. For example, the superlative of `soon' is `soonest'.
SUFFIX

establish

[D.J.:isˈtæbliʃ]

[K.K.:ɪˈstæblɪʃ]

vt.

建立, 成立

安置

确定, 证实

established

[D.J.:ɪˈstæblɪʃt]

[K.K.:əˈstæblɪʃt]

adj.

已建立的；已设立的；已制定的

确定的，证实的

establishing

定苗

establish ****

1. establish establishes establishing established
If someone establishes something such as an organization, a type of activity, or a set of rules, they create it or introduce it in such a way that it is likely to last for a long time.

- The UN has established detailed criteria for who should be allowed to vote.

- The School was established in 1989 by an Italian professor.

VB
= set up found

2. establish establishes establishing established
If you establish contact with someone, you start to have contact with them. You can also say that two people, groups, or countries establish contact. (FORMAL)

- We had already established contact with the museum.

- China and Saudi Arabia announced they were establishing formal diplomatic relations.

V-RECIP

3. establish establishes establishing established
If you establish that something is true, you discover facts that show that it is definitely true. (FORMAL)

- Medical tests established that she was not their own child.

- It will be essential to establish how the money is being spent.

- An autopsy was being done to establish the cause of death.

- It was established that the missile had landed on a test range in Australia.

VB
= ascertain

4. established

- That link is an established medical fact.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. establish establishes establishing established
If you establish yourself, your reputation, or a good quality that you have, you succeed in doing something, and achieve respect or a secure position as a result of this.

- This is going to be the show where up-and-coming comedians will establish themselves.

- He has established himself as a pivotal figure in US politics.

- We shall fight to establish our innocence.

VB

established **

established
If you use established to describe something such as an organization, you mean that it is officially recognized or generally approved of because it has existed for a long time.

- Their religious adherence is not to the established church.

- ...qualified lawyers with established and prestigious business addresses.

- ...the established names of Paris fashion.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

establish

verb

1.

create

constitute

form

found

ground

inaugurate

institute

settle

set up

2.

prove

authenticate

certify

confirm

corroborate

demonstrate

substantiate

verify

establishment

[D.J.:isˈtæbliʃmənt]

[K.K.:ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt]

n.

建立, 确立

企业, 机构

当权派, 当局

establishment ***

1. establishment
The establishment of an organization or system is the act of creating it or beginning it. (FORMAL)

- The establishment of the regional government in 1980 did not end terrorism.

- ...discussions to explore the establishment of diplomatic relations.

N-SING: usu N of n
= creation

2. establishment establishments
An establishment is a shop, business, or organization occupying a particular building or place. (FORMAL)

- ...a scientific research establishment...

- Shops and other commercial establishments in Srinagar remain closed today.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. establishment establishments
You refer to the people who have power and influence in the running of a country, society, or organization as the establishment .

- Shopkeepers would once have been pillars of the Tory establishment.

- What do you expect? This is the Establishment we're taking on.

- ...a terrorist hit-list of prominent British establishment figures.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

establishment

noun

1.

creation

formation

foundation

founding

inauguration

installation

institution

organization

setting up

2.

organization

business

company

concern

corporation

enterprise

firm

institution

outfit informal

the Establishment

3.

the authorities

ruling class

the powers that be

the system

estate

[D.J.:isˈteit]

[K.K.:ɪˈstet]

n.

土地, 地区

庄园, 种植园

地产, 财产; 遗产

estate ****

1. estate estates
An estate is a large area of land in the country which is owned by a person, family, or organization.

- ...a shooting party on Lord Wyville's estate in Yorkshire.

N-COUNT

2. estate estates
People sometimes use estate to refer to a housing estate or an industrial estate. (BRIT)

- He used to live on the estate.

N-COUNT

3. estate estates
Someone's estate is all the money and property that they leave behind them when they die. (LEGAL)

- His estate was valued at $150,000.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

4. estate estates
An estate is the same as an estate car . (BRIT; in AM use station wagon )
N-COUNT

estate

noun

1.

lands

area

domain

holdings

manor

property

2.

property

assets

belongings

effects

fortune

goods

possessions

wealth

estate agency

estate agency estate agencies
An estate agency is a company that sells houses and land for people. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

estate agent **

estate agent estate agents
An estate agent is someone who works for a company that sells houses and land for people. (BRIT; in AM use realtor or real estate agent )
N-COUNT

estate car

estate car estate cars
An estate car is a car with a long body, a door at the rear, and space behind the back seats. (BRIT; in AM use station wagon )
N-COUNT

esteem

[D.J.:isˈti:m]

[K.K.:ɪˈstim]

vt.

尊敬, 敬重

认为, 以为

n.

尊敬; 好评

esteemed

[D.J.:ɪsˈti:md]

[K.K.:əˈstimd]

adj.

<书>受人尊敬的

esteem **

1. esteem
Esteem is the admiration and respect that you feel towards another person. (FORMAL)

- He is held in high esteem by colleagues in the construction industry.

- Their public esteem has never been lower.

- He said he retained immense regard and esteem for the prime minister.

N-UNCOUNT

2. esteem esteems esteeming esteemed
If you esteem someone or something, you respect or admire them. (FORMAL)

- I greatly esteem your message in the midst of our hard struggle.

VB

esteemed

esteemed
You use esteemed to describe someone who you greatly admire and respect. (FORMAL)

- He was esteemed by his neighbours.

- It is indeed an honour to serve my country in such an esteemed position.

ADJ-GRADED

esteem

noun Law

1.

respect

admiration

credit

estimation

good opinion

honour

regard

reverence

veneration

verb

2.

respect

admire

love

prize

regard highly

revere

think highly of

treasure

value

3.

consider

believe

deem

estimate

judge

reckon

regard

think

view

estimable

[D.J.:ˈestəməbəl]

[K.K.:ˈɛstəməbəl]

adj.

值得尊敬的

可估计的

estimable

estimable
If you describe someone or something as estimable , you mean that they deserve admiration. (FORMAL)

- You know I promised the estimable Miss Cartwright to look after you.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= admirable

estimate

[D.J.:ˈestimeit]

[K.K.:ˈɛstəˌmet]

n.

估计, 估价

报价

判断

vt. & vi.

估计; 评价, 评估

estimated

估计的

estimating

[ˈestimeitiŋ]

n.

估计

estimate ****

1. estimate estimates estimating estimated
If you estimate a quantity or value, you make an approximate judgement or calculation of it.

- Try to estimate how many steps it will take to get to a close object.

- I estimate that total cost for treatment will go from $9,000 to $12,500.

- He estimated the speed of the winds from the degree of damage.

- Some analysts estimate its current popularity at around ten per cent.

- His personal riches were estimated at £368 million.

VB
= guess

2. estimated

- There are an estimated 90,000 gangsters in the country.

ADJ: a ADJ amount

3. estimate estimates
An estimate is an approximate calculation of a quantity or value.

- ...the official estimate of the election result...

- This figure is five times the original estimate.

- A recent estimate was that factories were undermanned by about 30 per cent.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of/for n

4. estimate estimates
An estimate is a judgement about a person or situation which you make based on the available evidence.

- I hadn't been far wrong in my estimate of his grandson's capabilities.

N-COUNT: oft with poss, N of n

5. estimate estimates
An estimate from someone who you employ to do a job for you, such as a builder or a plumber, is a written statement of how much the job is likely to cost.

- The shop also offers a curtain-making and fitting service. Quotes and estimates can be prepared by computer on the spot.

N-COUNT

estimate

verb Formal

1.

calculate roughly

assess

evaluate

gauge

guess

judge

number

reckon

value

2.

form an opinion

believe

conjecture

consider

judge

rank

rate

reckon

surmise

noun

3.

approximate calculation

assessment

ballpark figure informal

guess

guesstimate informal

judgment

valuation

4.

opinion

appraisal

assessment

belief

estimation

judgment

estimation

[D.J.:ˌestəˈmeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛstəˈmeʃən]

n.

估计, 评价, 判断

尊敬

estimation

1. estimation
Your estimation of a person or situation is the opinion or impression that you have formed about them. (FORMAL)

- He has gone down considerably in my estimation.

- ...Lee Dixon, the best player on the pitch in his manager's estimation.

N-SING: usu with poss
= judgement

2. estimation estimations
An estimation is an approximate calculation of a quantity or value.

- In fact, the first group were absolutely correct in their estimation of this man's height.

- ...estimations of pre-tax profits of £12.25 million.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= estimate

estimation

noun

opinion

appraisal

appreciation

assessment

belief

consideration

considered opinion

judgment

view

estranged

[iˈstreindʒd]

adj.

疏远的,不和的

estranged *

1. estranged
An estranged wife or husband is no longer living with their husband or wife. (FORMAL)

- ...his estranged wife.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. estranged
If you are estranged from your family or friends, you have quarrelled with them and are not communicating with them. (FORMAL)

- He was laid to rest yesterday without a final goodbye from his estranged son.

- Joanna, 30, spent most of her twenties virtually estranged from her father.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ from n

3. estranged
If you describe someone as estranged from something such as society or their profession, you mean that they no longer seem involved in it. (FORMAL)

- Arran became increasingly estranged from the mainstream of Hollywood.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ from n

estrangement

[D.J.:ɪsˈtreɪnd ʒmənt]

[K.K.:əˈstrend ʒmənt]

n.

疏远;失和,不和

estrangement

estrangement estrangements
Estrangement is the state of being estranged from someone or the length of time for which you are estranged. (FORMAL)

- The trip will bring to an end years of estrangement between the two countries.

- That day marked the beginning of a 20-year estrangement.

N-VAR

estuary

[D.J.:ˈestʃu:ˌeri:]

[K.K.:ˈɛstʃuˌɛri]

n.

(江河入海的)河口;河口湾

estuary *

estuary estuaries
An estuary is the wide part of a river where it joins the sea.

- ...naval maneouvres in the Clyde estuary.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

estuary

noun

inlet

creek

firth

fjord

mouth

et al **

et al
et al. is used after a name or a list of names to indicate that other people are also involved. It is used especially when referring to books or articles which were written by more than two people.

- ...Blough et al.

etc

adv.

〈拉〉及其他,等等

etc.

[D.J.:ˌetˈsetɵrə]

adv.

<拉>等等,以及其他

etc ***

etc
etc is used at the end of a list to indicate that you have mentioned only some of the items involved and have not given a full list. etc is a written abbreviation for `et cetera'.

- She knew all about my schoolwork, my hospital work etc.

- ...a packed programme of events -- shows, dances, coach tours, sports, etc.

The spelling etc. is also used, especially in American English.

etch

[D.J.:etʃ]

[K.K.:ɛtʃ]

vt. & vi.

用针和酸类在金属板上蚀刻(图画等)

(感情)明显地表露在(脸上)；(脸上)明显流露出(感情)

铭刻在心里/记忆里/脑海里

etched

[ˈetʃid]

adj.

被侵蚀的,被蚀刻的,风化的

etching

[D.J.:ˈetʃɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɛtʃɪŋ]

n.

蚀刻版画

etch *

1. etch etches etching etched
If a line or pattern is etched into a surface, it is cut into the surface by means of acid or a sharp tool. You can also say that a surface is etched with a line or pattern.

- Crosses were etched into the walls.

- The acid etched holes in the crystal surface.

- Windows are etched with the vehicle identification number.

- The stained-glass panels are etched and then handpainted using traditional methods.

VB

2. etch etches etching etched
If you say that feelings are etched on someone's face, you mean that the person is very strongly affected by them, and you can see this in their appearance. (LITERARY)

- His grief was etched into every line of his face.

- Every line etched on her face told a story of personal anguish.

VB: usu passive

3. etch etched
If something is etched on your memory, you remember it very clearly, usually because it has some special importance for you. (LITERARY)

- The ugly scene in the study was still etched in her mind.

- This stark image will remain etched in the memory of a generation of Berliners.

V-PASSIVE
= be engraved

etching

etching etchings
An etching is a picture printed from a metal plate that has had a design cut into it with acid.
N-COUNT

etch

verb

cut

carve

eat into

engrave

impress

imprint

inscribe

stamp

etching

noun

print

carving

engraving

impression

imprint

inscription

eternal

[D.J.:i:ˈtə:nl]

[K.K.:ɪˈtɚnəl]

adj.

永恒的, 永久的

似乎不停的

eternally

[D.J.:ɪˈtɜ:nəlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪˈtə..nəlɪ]

adv.

永恒地;常常;不绝地

eternal **

1. eternal
Something that is eternal lasts for ever.

- Whoever believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life.

- ...the quest for eternal youth.

ADJ
= everlasting

2. eternally

- She is eternally grateful to her family for their support.

- The whole universe exists eternally in that one infinite being.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v

3. eternal
If you describe something as eternal , you mean that it seems to last for ever, often because you think it is boring or annoying.

- In the background was that eternal hum.

ADJ
= interminable never-ending

4. eternal
Eternal truths, values, and questions never change and are believed to be always true and to be relevant in all situations.

- ...the eternal truths of the Indian subcontinent.

- ...the eternal question.

ADJ: ADJ n

eternal

adjective

1.

everlasting

endless

immortal

infinite

never-ending

perpetual

timeless

unceasing

unending

2.

permanent

deathless

enduring

immutable

imperishable

indestructible

lasting

unchanging

eternal triangle

eternal triangle eternal triangles
You use the expression the eternal triangle to refer to a relationship involving love and jealousy between two men and a woman or two women and a man.
N-COUNT: usu sing

eternity

[D.J.:ɪˈtɜ:nɪti:]

[K.K.:ɪˈtə..nɪti]

n.

永恒

来世;永生

似乎相当长的一段时间

eternity *

1. eternity
Eternity is time without an end or a state of existence outside time, especially the state which some people believe they will pass into after they have died.

- I have always found the thought of eternity terrifying.

- ...laying him to rest for all eternity.

N-UNCOUNT

2. eternity
If you say that a situation lasted for an eternity , you mean that it seemed to last an extremely long time, usually because it was boring or unpleasant.

- The war continued for an eternity.

- The ringing went on for what seemed an eternity, and then someone answered.

N-SING: a N
= age

eternity

noun

1.

infinity

ages

endlessness

immortality

perpetuity

timelessness

2.

the afterlife

heaven

paradise

the hereafter

the next world

ethanol

[D.J.:ˈeθəˌnɔ:l, -ˌnəʊl, -ˌnɔl]

[K.K.:ˈɛθəˌnɔl, -ˌnol, -ˌnɑl]

n.

乙醇

ethanol

ethanol
Ethanol is another name for alcohol . (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= ethyl alcohol

ether

[D.J.:ˈi:θə]

[K.K.:ˈiθɚ]

n.

<化>醚,乙醚

ether

1. ether
Ether is a colourless liquid that burns easily. It is used in industry and in medicine as an anaesthetic.

- ...a sweetish smell of ether and iodine.

N-UNCOUNT

2. ether
The air is sometimes referred to as the ether , usually when talking about sounds being communicated or broadcast through it. (LITERARY)

- ...vocals floating through the ether.

N-SING: the N

ethereal

[D.J.:ɪˈθɪəri:əl]

[K.K.:ɪˈθɪriəl]

adj.

如神灵般飘渺虚幻的;轻飘的;缥缈的

苍穹的, 太空的

ethereal *

1. ethereal
Someone or something that is ethereal has a delicate beauty. (FORMAL)

- She's the prettiest, most ethereal romantic heroine in the movies.

- ...gorgeous, hauntingly ethereal melodies.

ADJ-GRADED

2. ethereal
Ethereal means unrelated to practical things and the real world. (FORMAL)

- ...the ethereal nature of romantic fiction.

- ...in the ethereal realm of the divine.

ADJ-GRADED

ethic

[D.J.:ˈeθik]

[K.K.:ˈɛθɪk]

n.

道德规范,伦理

ethics

[D.J.:ˈeθiks]

n.

伦理学

道德规范

ethic **

1. ethic ethics
Ethics are moral beliefs and rules about right and wrong.

- Its members are bound by a rigid code of ethics which includes confidentiality.

- Refugee workers said such action was a violation of medical ethics.

N-PLURAL

2. ethic ethics
Someone's ethics are the moral principles about right and wrong behaviour which they believe in.

- It is common to distinguish between personal and social ethics.

- He told the police that he had thought honestly about the ethics of what he was doing.

N-PLURAL: with supp

3. ethic
Ethics is the study of questions about what is morally right and wrong.

- ...the teaching of ethics and moral philosophy.

N-UNCOUNT

4. ethic
An ethic of a particular kind is an idea or moral belief that influences the behaviour, attitudes, and philosophy of a group of people.

- ...the ethic of public service.

- ...an indomitable work ethic and determination to succeed.

N-SING: with supp

ethics

plural noun

moral code

conscience

morality

moral philosophy

moral values

principles

rules of conduct

standards

ethical

[D.J.:ˈeθikəl]

[K.K.:ˈɛθɪkəl]

adj.

伦理的; 道德的

合乎道德的

ethically

adv.

伦理(学)上

ethical **

1. ethical
Ethical means relating to beliefs about right and wrong.

- ...the moral and ethical standards in the school.

- ...the medical, nursing and ethical issues surrounding terminally-ill people.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. ethically

- Attorneys are ethically and legally bound to absolute confidentiality.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed, ADV after v

3. ethical
If you describe something as ethical , you mean that it is morally right or morally acceptable.

- ...ethical investment schemes...

- Does the party think it is ethical to link tax policy with party fund-raising?

ADJ-GRADED

4. ethically

- Mayors want local companies to behave ethically.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

ethical

adjective Theology

moral

conscientious

fair

good

honourable

just

principled

proper

right

upright

virtuous

Ethiopian

[D.J.:ˌi:θiˈəupjən,-piən]

[K.K.:ˌiθiˈopiən]

adj.

埃塞俄比亚的,黑人的

n.

埃塞俄比亚人,黑人

Ethiopian ***

1. Ethiopian
Ethiopian means belonging or relating to Ethiopia, or to its people, language, or culture.
ADJ

2. Ethiopian Ethiopians
An Ethiopian is an Ethiopian citizen, or a person of Ethiopian origin.
N-COUNT

ethnic

[D.J.:ˈeθnik]

[K.K.:ˈɛθnɪk]

adj.

种族的, 部落的

某文化群体的

ethnically

adv.

人种上,民族上

ethnic ***

1. ethnic
Ethnic means connected with or relating to different racial or cultural groups of people.

- ...a survey of Britain's ethnic minorities.

- ...ethnic tensions.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. ethnically

- ...a predominantly young, ethnically mixed audience.

ADV: usu ADV -ed/adj

3. ethnic
You can use ethnic to describe people who belong to a particular racial or cultural group but who, usually, do not live in the country where most members of that group live.

- There are still several million ethnic Germans in Russia.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. ethnically

- ...a large ethnically Albanian population.

ADV: ADV adj

5. ethnic
Ethnic clothing, music, or food is characteristic of the traditions of a particular ethnic group, and different from what is usually found in modern Western culture.

- ...the original flavours of ethnic dishes.

- ...a magnificent range of ethnic fabrics.

ADJ-GRADED

ethnic ethnical

adjective

cultural

folk

indigenous

national

native

racial

traditional

ethnic cleansing *

ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing is the process of using violent methods to force certain groups of people out of a particular area or country.

- In late May, government forces began the `ethnic cleansing' of the area around the town.

- ...the obnoxious policy of ethnic cleansing.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

ethnicity

[D.J.:eθˈnɪsɪti:]

[K.K.:ɛθˈnɪsɪti]

n.

种族地位;种族特点;种族渊源

ethnicity

ethnicity ethnicities
Ethnicity is the state or fact or belonging to a particular ethnic group.

- He said his ethnicity had not been important to him.

N-VAR

ethnocentric

[D.J.:ˌeθnəʊˈsentrɪk]

adj.

种族〔民族、集团〕优越感的

ethnocentrism

n.

ethnocentrism

[D.J.:ˌeθnəuˈsentrizəm]

[K.K.:ˌɛθnoˈsɛnˌtrɪzəm]

n.

民族优越感

ethnocentric

ethnocentric
If you describe something as ethnocentric , you disagree with it because it is based on the belief that one particular race or nationality of people is superior to all others.

- Her work is open to the criticism that it is ethnocentric.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

ethnographic

[D.J.:ˌe θnəˈ gr ɑ:fɪk]

[K.K.:ˌ ɛ θnəˈɡræfɪk]

adj.

人种志的

ethnography

[D.J.:eθˈnɔgrəfi:]

[K.K.:ɛθˈnɑɡrəfi]

n.

人种论;民族志

ethnographic

adj.

ethnographic

ethnographic
Ethnographic refers to things that are connected with or relate to ethnography.
ADJ

ethnography

ethnography
Ethnography is the branch of anthropology in which different cultures are studied and described.
N-UNCOUNT

ethos

[D.J.:ˈi:ˌθɔs]

[K.K.:ˈiˌθɑs]

n.

(个人或团体的)气质,精神特质;思潮

ethos *

ethos
An ethos is the set of ideas and attitudes that is associated with a particular group of people or a particular type of activity. (FORMAL)

- The whole ethos of the hotel is effortless service.

- ...the traditional public service ethos.

N-SING: usu with supp

ethyl alcohol

ethyl alcohol
Ethyl alcohol is the same as ethanol . (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= ethanol

etiology

[D.J.:ˌi:tiˈɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:ˌitiˈɑlədʒi]

n.

病因学,病源论

etiology

etiology etiologies
The etiology of a disease or a problem is the study of its causes.

- ...the etiology of psychiatric disorder.

N-VAR: oft the N of n also aetiology .

etiquette

[D.J.:ˈetɪˌket, -kɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɛtɪˌkɛt, -kɪt]

n.

礼仪, 礼节

etiquette *

etiquette
Etiquette is a set of customs and rules for polite behaviour, especially among a particular class of people or in a particular profession.

- This was such a great breach of etiquette, he hardly knew what to do.

- ...the rules of diplomatic etiquette.

N-UNCOUNT
= protocol

etiquette

noun

good or proper behaviour

civility

courtesy

decorum

formalities

manners

politeness

propriety

protocol

etymological

[D.J.:ˌetiməˈlɔdʒikəl]

[K.K.:ˌɛtəməˈlɑdʒɪkəl]

adj.

语源的,根据语源学的

etymology

[D.J.:ˌetəˈmɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˌɛtəˈmɑlədʒi]

n.

词源学;词源说明

etymological

adj.

etymological

etymological
Etymological means concerned with or relating to etymology. (FORMAL)

- `Gratification' and `gratitude' have the same etymological root.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

etymology

1. etymology etymologies
Etymology is the study of the origins and historical development of words.
N-UNCOUNT

2. etymology etymologies
The etymology of a particular word is its history.
N-COUNT

EU

abbr.

Energy Unit 能量单位

EU

abbr.

Energy Unit 能量单位

EU

EU
The EU is an organization of European countries which have joint policies on matters such as trade, agriculture, and finance. EU is an abbreviation for `European Union'.
N-PROPER

eucalyptus

[D.J.:ˌju:kəˈlɪptəs]

[K.K.:ˌjukəˈlɪptəs]

n.

桉树;桉属植物油

eucalyptus *

eucalyptus
A eucalyptus is an evergreen tree, originally from Australia, that is grown to provide wood, gum, and an oil that is used in medicines.
N-VAR: oft N n eucalyptus is both the singular and the plural form; the plural eucalyptuses is also used.

Eucharist

[D.J.:ˈju:kərist]

[K.K.:ˈjukərɪst]

n.

圣餐,(经过祝圣的)圣餐面包(及酒)

Eucharist

Eucharist
The Eucharist is the Christian religious ceremony in which Christ's last meal with his disciples is celebrated by eating bread and drinking wine.
N-SING: usu the N

eugenics

[D.J.:ju:ˈdʒeniks]

[K.K.:juˈdʒɛnɪks]

n.

优生学

eugenics

eugenics
Eugenics is the study of methods to improve the human race by carefully selecting parents who will produce the strongest children. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT disapproval

eulogize

[D.J.:ˈju:ləˌdʒaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈjuləˌdʒaɪz]

vt.

称赞,颂扬

eulogize

1. eulogize eulogizes eulogizing eulogized
If you eulogize someone or something, you praise them very highly. (FORMAL)

- Barry Davies eulogized Keegan's part in the operation.

- Taylor eulogised about Steven's versatility.

VB (AM) also eulogise
= rhapsodize

2. eulogize eulogizes eulogizing eulogized
If you eulogize someone who has died, you make a speech praising them, usually at their funeral. (AM)

- Leaders from around the world eulogized the Egyptian president.

VB (AM) also eulogise

eulogy

1. eulogy eulogies
A eulogy is a speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something very much. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= tribute

2. eulogy eulogies
A eulogy is a speech, usually at a funeral, in which a person who has just died is praised. (AM)
N-COUNT

eunuch

[D.J.:ˈju:nək]

[K.K.:ˈjunək]

n.

太监,宦官

eunuch

eunuch eunuchs
A eunuch is a man who has had his testicles removed.
N-COUNT

euphemism

[D.J.:ˈju:fəˌmɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈjufəˌmɪzəm]

n.

委婉语;委婉说法

euphemistic

adj.

euphemistically

adv.

euphemistic

[ˌju:fəˈmistik]

adj.

委婉的

euphemism *

euphemism euphemisms
A euphemism is a polite word or expression that is used to refer to things which people may find upsetting or embarrassing to talk about, for example sex, the human body, or death.

- The term `early retirement' is nearly always a euphemism for redundancy nowadays.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

euphemistic

1. euphemistic
Euphemistic language uses polite, pleasant, or neutral words and expressions to refer to things which people may find unpleasant, upsetting, or embarrassing to talk about, for example sex, the human body, or death.

- ...a euphemistic way of saying that someone has been lying.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. euphemistically

- ...political prisons, called euphemistically `re-education camps'.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

euphoria

[D.J.:ju:ˈfɔ:ri:ə, -ˈfəʊr-]

[K.K.:juˈfɔriə, -ˈfor-]

n.

极度愉快的心情;过度兴奋的情绪

euphoria *

euphoria
Euphoria is a feeling of intense happiness and excitement.

- There was euphoria after the elections.

- After the euphoria of yesterday's celebrations, the country will come down to earth today.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of/over n
= elation

euphoria

noun

elation

ecstasy

exaltation

exhilaration

intoxication

joy

jubilation

rapture

euphoric

[ju:ˈfɔrik]

adj.

欣快症的;欣快的

euphoric *

euphoric
If you are euphoric , you feel intense happiness and excitement.

- It had received euphoric support from the public.

ADJ-GRADED
= elated

Eurasian

[D.J.:juəˈreiʒiən,-ʃən]

[K.K.:jʊˈreʒən]

adj.

欧亚的,欧亚人的

Eurasian

1. Eurasian
Eurasian means concerned with or relating to both Europe and Asia.

- ...the whole of the Eurasian continent.

ADJ

2. Eurasian Eurasians
A Eurasian is a person who has one European and one Asian parent or whose family comes from both Europe and Asia.
N-COUNT

3. Eurasian
Also an adjective.

- She married into a leading Eurasian family in Hong Kong.

ADJ

eureka

[juəˈri:kə]

int.

找到了!有了!

eureka

eureka
Someone might say ` eureka ' when they suddenly find or realize something, or when they solve a problem. (OLD-FASHIONED, HUMOROUS)

- `Eureka! I've got it!'

EXCLAM

euro

[D.J.:ˈjʊərəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈjʊro]

n.

欧元

euro

euro euros
The euro is a unit of currency that is used by the member countries of the European Union which have joined European monetary union.

- Millions of words have been written about the introduction of the euro.

- Governments and businesses will start keeping accounts in euros.

N-COUNT: oft the N

Euro-

Euro-
Euro is used to form words that describe or refer to something which is connected with Europe or with the European Union.

- ...German Euro-MPs.

PREFIX

Eurobond

[D.J.:ˈjuərəubɔnd]

[K.K.:ˈjʊroˌbɑnd]

n.

欧洲债券

Eurobond

Eurobond Eurobonds
Eurobonds are bonds which are issued in a particular European currency and sold to people from a country with a different currency.
N-COUNT

Eurocentric

[D.J.:ˌjuərəuˈsentrik]

[K.K.:ˌjʊroˈsɛntrɪk]

adj.

〈主英〉以欧洲为中心的,主要与欧洲(或欧洲人)有关的

Eurocentric

Eurocentric
If you describe something as Eurocentric , you disapprove of it because it focuses on Europe and the needs of European people, often with the result that people in other parts of the world suffer in some way.

- ...the insultingly Eurocentric bias in the education system.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

Eurocrat

[D.J.:ˈjuərəukræt]

[K.K.:ˈjʊrəˌkræt]

n.

欧洲共同市场的官员或职员

Eurocrat

Eurocrat Eurocrats
Eurocrats are the civil servants and other people who work in the administration of the European Union. (JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT

Euroland

Euroland
Euroland is used by journalists to refer to the countries in the European Union which intend to form a monetary union using the euro as its common currency. (JOURNALISM)

- EuroLand is now irrevocably on the map.

N-PROPER

European

[D.J.:ˌjʊərəˈpi:ən]

[K.K.:ˌjʊrəˈpiən]

adj.

欧洲的;欧洲人的

n.

欧洲人

European ****

1. European
European means belonging or relating to, or coming from Europe.

- ...in some other European countries.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. European Europeans
A European is a person who comes from Europe.
N-COUNT

European Union

European Union.
The European Union is an organization of European countries which have joint policies on matters such as trade, agriculture, and finance.
N-PROPER
= EU

euthanasia

[D.J.:ˌju:θəˈneɪʒə, -ʒi:ə]

[K.K.:ˌjuθəˈneʒə, -ʒiə]

n.

安乐死

euthanasia *

euthanasia
Euthanasia is the practice of killing someone who is very ill and will never get better in order to end their suffering, usually done at their request or with their consent.
N-UNCOUNT

evacuate

[D.J.:iˈvækjueit]

[K.K.:ɪˈvækjuˌet]

vt. & vi.

撤离, 疏散

evacuated

撤退者的

evacuating

排气

evacuation

[D.J.:ɪˌvækju:ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˌvækjuˈeʃən]

n.

撤空;撤离;撤退;疏散

排泄;排泄物

evacuate **

1. evacuate evacuates evacuating evacuated
To evacuate someone means to send them to a place of safety, away from a dangerous building, town, or area.

- They were planning to evacuate the seventy American officials still in the country.

- Since 1951, 18,000 people have been evacuated from the area.

VB

2. evacuation evacuations

- ...the evacuation of the sick and wounded...

- An evacuation of the city's four-million inhabitants is planned for later this week.

N-VAR

3. evacuate evacuates evacuating evacuated
If people evacuate a place, they move out of it for a period of time, especially because it is dangerous.

- The fire is threatening about sixty homes, and residents have evacuated the area.

- Officials ordered the residents to evacuate.

VB

4. evacuation evacuations

- ...the mass evacuation of the Bosnian town of Srebrenica...

- Burning sulfur from the wreck has forced evacuations from the area.

N-VAR

evacuate

verb

clear

abandon

desert

forsake

leave

move out

pull out

quit

vacate

withdraw

evacuee

[D.J.:iˌvækju:ˈi:]

[K.K.:ɪˌvækjuˈi]

n.

被疏散者

evacuee *

evacuee evacuees
An evacuee is someone who has been sent away from a dangerous place to somewhere safe, especially during a war.
N-COUNT

evade

[D.J.:iˈveid]

[K.K.:ɪˈved]

vt.

逃避; 回避

避开, 躲避; 规避

evading

避免

evade *

1. evade evades evading evaded
If you evade something, you find a way of not doing something that you really ought to do.

- By his own admission, he evaded taxes as a Florida real-estate speculator.

- Delegates accused them of trying to evade responsibility for the failures of the past five years.

VB

2. evade evades evading evaded
If you evade a question or a topic, you avoid talking about it or dealing with it.

- Mr Portillo denied he was evading the question.

- Too many companies, she says, are evading the issue.

VB

3. evade evades evading evaded
If you evade someone or something, you move so that you can avoid meeting them or avoid being touched or hit.

- Under the pretence of lighting a candle, she evades him and disappears.

- She turned and gazed at the river, evading his eyes.

- He managed to evade capture because of the breakdown of a police computer.

VB

4. evade evades evading evaded
If something such as success, glory, or love evades you, you do not manage to have it. (LITERARY)

- Happiness, which had been so elusive in Henry's life, still evaded him.

- When she sat down at her desk she found that the words evaded her.

VB

evade

verb

1.

avoid

dodge

duck

elude

escape

get away from

sidestep

steer clear of

2.

avoid answering

equivocate

fend off

fudge

hedge

parry

evaluate

[D.J.:iˈvæljueit]

[K.K.:ɪˈvæljuˌet]

vt.

评价, 估计, 估价

evaluating

评估,评价,评测

evaluation

[D.J.:ɪˌvæljʊˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˌvæljʊˈeʃən]

n.

估价,评价;估算

<数>赋值,值的计算

evaluate **

1. evaluate evaluates evaluating evaluated
If you evaluate something or someone, you consider them in order to make a judgement about them, for example about how good or bad they are.

- They will first send in trained nurses to evaluate the needs of the individual situation.

- The market situation is difficult to evaluate.

VB
= assess

2. evaluation evaluations

- ...the opinions and evaluations of college supervisors...

- Evaluation is standard practice for all training arranged through the school.

N-VAR

evaluate

verb

assess

appraise

calculate

estimate

gauge

judge

rate

reckon

size up informal

weigh

evaluative

[iˈvæljueitiv]

adj.

可估价的

evaluative

evaluative
Something that is evaluative is based on an assessment of the values, qualities, and significance of a particular person or thing. (FORMAL)

- ...ten years of evaluative research.

ADJ-GRADED

evanescent

[D.J.:ˌevəˈnesənt]

[K.K.:ˌɛvəˈnɛsənt]

adj.

迅速消失遗忘的;短暂的

evanescent

evanescent
Something that is evanescent gradually disappears from sight or memory. (FORMAL or LITERARY)

- ...the evanescent scents of summer herbs, flowers or exotic spices.

ADJ-GRADED
= ephemeral

evangelical

[D.J.:ˌi:vænˈdʒelikəl]

[K.K.:ˌivænˈdʒɛlɪkəl, ˌɛvən-]

n.

信福音主义者;福音(书)

adj.

新教会的

evangelical *

1. evangelical
Evangelical Christians emphasize the importance of the Bible and the need for personal belief in Christ.

- ...an evangelical Christian.

ADJ

2. evangelical
If you describe someone's behaviour as evangelical , you mean that it is very enthusiastic.

- With almost evangelical fervour, Marks warns against deliberately seeking a tan.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

evangelism

[D.J.:iˈvændʒilizəm]

[K.K.:ɪˈvændʒəˌlɪzəm]

n.

福音传道,福音主义,福音传道者的工作

evangelism

evangelism
Evangelism is the teaching of Christianity, especially to people who are not Christians.
N-UNCOUNT

evangelist

[D.J.:iˈvændʒilist]

[K.K.:ɪˈvændʒəlɪst]

n.

圣经新约福音书的作者,福音传道者

evangelistic

[iˌvændʒəˈlistik]

adj.

福音书作者的,福音传道者的

evangelist *

1. evangelist evangelists
An evangelist is a person who travels from place to place in order to try to convert people to Christianity.
N-COUNT

2. evangelistic

- ...an evangelistic meeting at All Saints Church Hall.

ADJ

evangelize

[D.J.:iˈvændʒilaiz]

[K.K.:ɪˈvændʒəˌlaɪz]

vt.

传福音,使信基督教

evangelize

evangelize evangelizes evangelizing evangelized
If someone evangelizes a group or area, they try to convert people to their religion, especially Christianity.

- Irish monks had settled there in the seventh century to establish the Celtic church and evangelize the North.

VB (BRIT) also evangelise
= proselytize

evaporate

[D.J.:iˈvæpəreit]

[K.K.:ɪˈvæpəˌret]

vt. & vi.

(使某物)蒸发掉

vi.

消失, 不复存在

evaporated

[iˈvæpəreitid]

adj.

浓缩的,脱水的,蒸发干燥的

evaporating

[iˈvæpəˌreitiŋ]

adj.

蒸发用的,蒸发作用的

evaporation

[D.J.:ɪˌvæpəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˌvæpəˈreʃən]

n.

蒸发;发散

消失

evaporate *

1. evaporate evaporates evaporating evaporated
When a liquid evaporates , or is evaporated , it changes from a liquid state to a gas, because its temperature has increased.

- Moisture is drawn to the surface of the fabric so that it evaporates.

- The water is evaporated by the sun.

V-ERG

2. evaporation

- High temperatures also result in high evaporation from the plants.

- The soothing, cooling effect is caused by the evaporation of the sweat on the skin.

N-UNCOUNT

3. evaporate evaporates evaporating evaporated
If a feeling, plan, or activity evaporates , it gradually becomes weaker and eventually disappears completely.

- My anger evaporated and I wanted to cry.

- Your dreams always seem to evaporate, and nothing ever quite matches expectations.

- The project evaporated and Harry was left high and dry.

VB

evaporate

verb

1.

dry up

dehydrate

desiccate

dry

vaporize

2.

disappear

dematerialize

dissolve

fade away

melt away

vanish

evaporated milk

evaporated milk
Evaporated milk is thick sweet milk that is sold in cans.
N-UNCOUNT

evasion

[D.J.:ɪˈveɪʒən]

[K.K.:ɪˈveʒən]

n.

逃避, 回避, 躲避

遁辞, 借口

evasion *

1. evasion evasions
Evasion means deliberately avoiding something that you are supposed to do or deal with.

- Many Koreans were angered at what they saw as an evasion of responsibility.

- He was arrested for tax evasion.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N of n, n N

2. evasion evasions
If you accuse someone of evasion when they have been asked a question, you mean that they are deliberately avoiding giving a clear direct answer.

- We want straight answers. No evasions.

- Ted grinned in evasion and cleared his throat.

N-VAR

evasion

noun

1.

avoidance

dodging

escape

2.

deception

equivocation

evasiveness

prevarication

evasive

[D.J.:ɪˈveɪsɪv]

[K.K.:ɪˈvesɪv]

adj.

逃避的;推托的

规避的;回避的

evasively

adv.

推托地,逃避地

evasive *

1. evasive
If you describe someone as evasive , you mean that they deliberately avoid giving clear direct answers to questions.

- He was evasive about the circumstances of his first meeting with Stanley Dean.

- Direct questions would almost certainly result in evasive answers.

ADJ-GRADED

2. evasively

- `Until I can speak to your husband I can't come to any conclusion about that,' Millson said evasively.

ADV: ADV with v

3. evasiveness

- She looked at him closely to see if his evasiveness was intentional.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N

4. evasive
If you take evasive action , you deliberately move away from someone or something in order to avoid meeting them or being hit by them.

- At least four high-flying warplanes had to take evasive action.

PHR: V inflects

evasive

adjective

deceptive

cagey informal

equivocating

indirect

oblique

prevaricating

shifty

slippery

eve

[i:v]

n.

(宗教节日或假日的)前日, 前夕

(重大事件发生的)前一刻

eve **

eve eves
The eve of a particular event or occasion is the day before it, or the period of time just before it. (JOURNALISM)

- ...on the eve of his 27th birthday.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the N of n
See also Christmas Eve , New Year's Eve .

eve

noun

1.

night before

day before

vigil

2.

brink

edge

point

threshold

verge

even

[D.J.:ˈi:vən]

[K.K.:ˈivən]

adv.

甚至, 即使

更加, 愈加

adj.

平的, 平坦的

均匀的; 有规律的; 稳定的

相等的, 均衡的

双数的, 偶数的

vt. & vi.

(使)平; (使)相等

evenly

[D.J.:ˈi:vənlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈivənlɪ]

adv.

平坦地;均匀地

均衡地;平等地

平静地

even 1 discourse uses *****

1. even
You use the word even to suggest that what comes just after or just before it in the sentence is rather surprising.

- He kept calling me for years, even after he got married.

- Even dark-skinned women should use sunscreens.

- I cannot come to a decision about it now or even give any indication of my own views.

- He didn't even hear what I said.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV before v

2. even
You use even with comparative adjectives and adverbs to emphasize a quality that someone or something has.

- It was on television that he made an even stronger impact as an interviewer.

- During his second day Edward looked even more pale and quiet than on his first.

- Stan was speaking even more slowly than usual.

ADV: ADV compar emphasis

3. even
You use even if or even though to indicate that a particular fact does not make the rest of your statement untrue.

- Cynthia is not ashamed of what she does, even if she ends up doing something wrong.

- Even though I'm supposed to be working by myself, there are other people who I can interact with.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

4. even
If one thing happens even as something else happens, they both happen at exactly the same time. (LITERARY)

- Even as she said this, she knew it was not quite true.

- He had been aware, even as he slept, of the noise of the engine.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

5. even
You use even so to introduce a surprising fact which relates to what you have just said. (SPOKEN)

- The bus was only half full. Even so, a young man asked Nina if the seat next to her was taken.

- She has never given up her nationality. Even so, her opponents argue that she is not a true Burmese.

PHR: PHR with cl
= nevertheless

6. even
You use even then to say that something is the case in spite of what has just been stated or whatever the circumstances may be.

- Peace could come only gradually, in carefully measured steps. Even then, it sounds almost impossible to achieve.

- She was at her prettiest in her late teens, but even then she always had somebody who was prettier.

PHR: PHR with cl

even 2 adjective uses **

1. even
An even measurement or rate stays at about the same level.

- How important is it to have an even temperature when you're working?.

- The brick-built property keeps the temperature at an even level throughout the year.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= steady

2. evenly

- Stock is added evenly during the first 18 minutes while the mixture cooks.

- He looked at Ellen, breathing evenly in her sleep.

ADV: usu ADV after v

3. even
An even surface is smooth and flat.

- The tables are fitted with a glass top to provide an even surface.

ADJ-GRADED
= level

4. even
If there is an even distribution or division of something, each person, group, or area involved has an equal amount.

- Divide the dough into 12 even pieces and shape each piece into a ball.

- Many are tired of being unpopular because of their wealth and would encourage more even distribution of it.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= equal

5. evenly

- The meat is divided evenly and boiled in a stew.

- Within manufacturing, the loss of jobs has been far more evenly spread across the regions.

- The blood vessels in the skin are not evenly distributed around the face and neck.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed
= equally

6. even
An even contest or competition is equally balanced between the two sides who are taking part.

- It was an even game.

- ...an even match between eight nations.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

7. evenly

- They must choose between two evenly matched candidates for governor.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed

8. even
If you are even with someone, you do not owe them anything, such as money or a favour. (INFORMAL)

- You don't owe me. I don't owe you. We're even.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

9. even
If your voice is even , you are speaking in a very controlled way which makes it difficult for people to tell what your feelings are. (LITERARY)

- My voice surprised me; it was even and emotionless.

ADJ-GRADED
= steady calm

10. evenly

- `Is Mary Ann O.K?' --- `She's fine,' she said evenly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

11. even
An even number can be divided exactly by the number two.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

12. even
If there is an even chance that something will happen, it is equally likely that it will happen or will not happen.

- They have a more than even chance of winning the next election.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= fifty-fifty

See also evens .

13. even
When a company or a person running a business breaks even , they make neither a profit nor a loss.

- The airline hopes to break even next year and return to profit the following year.

- The theatre needs to fill over ninety per cent of its seats every night just to break even.

PHR: V inflects

14. even
If you say that you are going to get even with someone, you mean that you are going to cause them the same amount of harm or annoyance as they have caused you. (INFORMAL)

- I'm going to get even with you for this.

- Don't get angry, get even.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR with n

even

adjective

1.

level

flat

horizontal

parallel

smooth

steady

straight

true

uniform

2.

regular

constant

smooth

steady

unbroken

uniform

uninterrupted

unvarying

unwavering

3.

equal

comparable

fifty-fifty informal

identical

level

like

matching

neck and neck

on a par

similar

tied

4.

calm

composed

cool

even-tempered

imperturbable

placid

unruffled

well-balanced

get even (with)

5.

pay back

get one's own back

give tit for tat

reciprocate

repay

requite

even out phrasal verb uses *

even out evens out; evening out; evened out
If something evens out , or if you even it out , the differences between the different parts of it are reduced.

- Relative rates of house price inflation have evened out across the country.

- Foundation make-up evens out your skin tone and texture.

PHR-V-ERG
= balance out

even up *

even up evens up; evening up; evened up
To even up a contest or game means to make it more equally balanced than it was.

- The nation's electronics industry made important strides this year to even up its balance of trade.

- I would like to see the championship evened up a little bit more.

PHR-V
= balance

even-handed

[D.J.:i:v(ə)nˈhændid]

[K.K.:ˌivənˈhændɪd]

adj.

公平的

even-handed

1. even-handed
If someone is even-handed , they are completely fair, especially when they are judging other people or dealing with two groups of people.

- ...an even-handed approach to the war on drugs...

- The administration wants to ensure the meetings appear evenhanded.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) also evenhanded
= unbiased

2. even-handedly

- He insists that the police are acting even-handedly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. even-handedness

- ...the carefully modulated even-handedness which is the hallmark of the Queen's public utterances.

N-UNCOUNT

evening

[D.J.:ˈi:vniŋ]

[K.K.:ˈivnɪŋ]

n.

傍晚, 黄昏, 晚上

晚会, 晚上娱乐活动

evenings

[D.J.:ˈi:vniŋz]

[K.K.:ˈivnɪŋz]

adv.

每晚,在(任何)晚上

evening ****

evening evenings
The evening is the part of each day between the end of the afternoon and the time when you go to bed.

- All he did that evening was sit around the flat.

- Supper is from 5.00 to 6.00 in the evening.

- Towards evening the carnival entered its final stage.

N-VAR

evening

noun Informal

dusk

gloaming Scot. or poetic

twilight

evening class

evening class evening classes
An evening class is a course for adults that is taught in the evening rather than during the day.

- Jackie has been learning flamenco dancing at an evening class for three years.

N-COUNT

evening dress

1. evening dress
Evening dress consists of the formal clothes that people wear to formal occasions in the evening.
N-UNCOUNT

2. evening dress evening dresses
An evening dress is a special dress, usually a long one, that a woman wears to a formal occasion in the evening.
N-COUNT

evening primrose

evening primrose evening primroses
Evening primrose is a tall plant with yellow flowers that open in the evening. Its seeds are used to make medicine.
N-VAR

evens

n.

同额赌注

evens

1. evens
In a race or contest, if you bet on a horse or competitor that is quoted at evens , you will win a sum of money equal to your bet if that horse or competitor wins. (BRIT)

- He won his first race by six lengths at evens and his second at 5-2 on.

- The Martell Cup Chase was won by the evens favourite Toby Tobias.

N-UNCOUNT

2. evens
If there is an evens chance that something will happen, it is equally likely that it will happen or will not happen. (BRIT)

- You've then got an evens chance of doubling your money at a stroke.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= fifty-fifty

evensong

[D.J.:ˈi:vənˌsɔŋ]

[K.K.:ˈivənˌsɔŋ, -ˌsɑŋ]

n.

(英国圣公会的)晚祷,晚课

evensong

evensong
Evensong is the evening service in the Anglican Church.
N-UNCOUNT

event

[D.J.:iˈvent]

[K.K.:ɪˈvɛnt]

n.

事件, 大事

运动项目

events

n.

事件

event *****

1. event events
An event is something that happens, especially when it is unusual or important. You can use events to describe all the things that are happening in a particular situation.

- ...the events of Black Wednesday.

- ...in the wake of recent events in Europe...

- A new book by Grass is always an event.

N-COUNT

2. event events
An event is a planned and organized occasion, for example a social gathering or a sports match.

- The cross-country section of the three-day event was held here yesterday.

- ...major sporting events.

- ...our programme of lectures and social events.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. event events
An event is one of the races or competitions that are part of an organized occasion such as a sports meeting.

- A solo piper opens Aberdeen Highland Games at 10am and the main events start at 1pm.

N-COUNT

4. event
You use in the event of , in the event that , and in that event when you are talking about a possible future situation, especially when you are planning what to do if it occurs.

- The bank has agreed to give an immediate refund in the unlikely event of an error being made.

- In the event that any part of the deal may be blocked, the rest would go ahead.

PHR

5. event
You say in any event after you have been discussing a situation, in order to indicate that what you are saying is true or possible, in spite of anything that has happened or may happen.

- In any event, the bowling alley restaurant proved quite acceptable.

PHR: PHR with cl
= anyway

6. event
You say in the event after you have been discussing what could have happened in a particular situation, in order to indicate that you are now describing what actually did happen. (BRIT)

- `Don't underestimate us', Norman Willis warned last year. There was, in the event, little danger of that.

PHR: PHR with cl

event

noun

1.

incident

affair

business

circumstance

episode

experience

happening

occasion

occurrence

2.

competition

bout

contest

game

tournament

even-tempered

[D.J.:ˌi:vntempəd]

[K.K.: ˌivənˈtɛmpɚd]

adj.

性情平和的;沉着的;稳重的

even-tempered

even-tempered
If someone is even-tempered , they are usually calm and do not easily get angry.

- He was normally a very even-tempered person.

- They seem less tense, more even-tempered.

ADJ-GRADED
= equable

even-tempered

adjective

calm

composed

cool

imperturbable

level-headed

placid

tranquil

unexcitable

unruffled

eventful

[D.J.:ɪˈventfəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈvɛntfəl]

adj.

充满大事的;多事故的;多变故的

eventful

eventful
If you describe an event or a period of time as eventful , you mean that a lot of interesting, exciting, or important things have happened during it.

- Her eventful life included holding senior positions in the Colonial Service.

- It was an eventful and controversial race.

- Our next journey was longer and much more eventful.

ADJ-GRADED

eventful

adjective

exciting

active

busy

dramatic

full

lively

memorable

remarkable

eventual

[D.J.:ɪˈventʃu:əl]

[K.K.:ɪˈvɛntʃuəl]

adj.

(事件)最终发生的;结果的

eventual **

eventual
You use eventual to indicate that something happens or is the case at the end of a process or period of time.

- There are many who believe that civil war will be the eventual outcome of the racial tension in the country.

- The eventual aim is the reunification of Korea.

ADJ: ADJ n
= ultimate

eventual

adjective

final

concluding

overall

ultimate

eventuality

[D.J.:ɪˌventʃu:ˈælɪti:]

[K.K.:ɪˌvɛntʃuˈælɪti]

n.

<正>可能发生的事情(尤指坏事情);不测事件

eventuality *

eventuality eventualities
An eventuality is a possible future event or result, especially one that is unpleasant or surprising. (FORMAL)

- Every eventuality is covered, from running out of petrol to needing water.

N-COUNT: with supp
= possibility

eventuality

noun

possibility

case

chance

contingency

event

likelihood

probability

eventually

[D.J.:iˈventjuəli]

[K.K.:ɪˈvɛntʃuəli]

adv.

终于, 最后

eventually ****

1. eventually
Eventually means in the end, especially after a lot of delays, problems, or arguments.

- Eventually, the army caught up with him in Latvia.

- The flight eventually got away six hours late.

ADV: ADV with cl, ADV before v
= finally

2. eventually
Eventually means at the end of a situation or process or as the final result of it.

- Eventually your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult.

- She sees the bar as a starting point and eventually plans to run her own chain of country inns.

ADV: ADV with cl, ADV before v
= ultimately

eventually

adverb

in the end

after all

at the end of the day

finally

one day

some time

ultimately

when all is said and done

ever

[D.J.:ˈevə]

[K.K.:ˈɛvɚ]

adv.

在任何时候; 在某时; 有时; 从来

不断地; 总是

究竟, 到底

ever *****

( Ever is an adverb which you use to add emphasis in negative sentences, commands, questions, and conditional structures.)

1. ever
Ever means at any time. It is used in questions and negative statements.

- I'm not sure I'll ever trust people again.

- Neither of us had ever skied.

- Have you ever experienced failure?.

- I don't know if you ever read any of his books.

- I forbid you ever to use that word!.

- You won't hear from Gaston ever again.

ADV: ADV before v, ADV adv
≠ never

2. ever
You use ever in expressions such as ` did you ever ' and ` have you ever ' to express surprise or shock at something you have just seen, heard, or experienced, especially when you expect people to agree with you.

- Have you ever seen anything like it?.

- Did you ever hear anyone sound so peculiar?

ADV: in questions, ADV before v emphasis

3. ever
You use ever after comparatives and superlatives to emphasize the degree to which something is true or when you are comparing a present situation with the past or the future.

- She's got a great voice and is singing better than ever.

- Japan is wealthier and more powerful than ever before.

- He feels better than he has ever felt before.

- `Fear Of Music' remains among the best albums ever for many music fans.

- This is the most awful evening I can ever remember.

ADV: ADV after compar than , ADV after adj-superl emphasis

4. ever
You use ever to indicate that a person is showing a particular quality that is typical of them. (WRITTEN)

- He was ever careful to check his scripts.

- Mother, ever the peacemaker, pointed her finger at my little brother and said, `See? Now stop!'

ADV: ADV adj/n
= always

5. ever
You use ever to say that something happens more all the time.

- They grew ever further apart.

- I think the amount of work will increase and that it will become ever more complex.

ADV: ADV adj/adv

6. ever
You can use ever for emphasis after `never'. (INFORMAL)

- I can never, ever, forgive myself.

- Felix has never, ever confided in me.

ADV: ADV before v emphasis

7. ever
You use ever in questions beginning with words such as `why', `when', and `who' when you want to emphasize your surprise or shock.

- Why ever didn't you tell me?.

- When ever am I going to see you again?.

- Who ever heard of a thing like that?

ADV: quest ADV emphasis

8. ever
If something has been the case ever since a particular time, it has been the case all the time from then until now.

- He's been there ever since you left!.

- Ever since we moved last year, I worry a lot about whether I can handle this new job.

- `Have you been chatting for long?' --- `Ever since you left.'

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

9. ever
Also an adverb.

- I simply gave in to him, and I've regretted it ever since.

- In 1985 her first collection received rave reviews from Women's Wear Daily. Ever since, applause has never ceased.

ADV: ADV after v, ADV with cl

10. ever
You use ever in the expressions ever such and ever so to emphasize that someone or something has a particular quality, especially when you are expressing enthusiasm or gratitude. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- When I met Derek he was very lively and ever such a good dancer.

- This is in ever such good condition.

- I like him ever so much.

- I'm ever so grateful.

- I saw him pause ever so slightly.

ADV: ADV such/so emphasis

11. ever
You use the expression all someone ever does when you want to emphasize that they do the same thing all the time, and this annoys you.

- All she ever does is whinge and complain.

- All he ever does is discuss the same boring list of medications.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

12. ever
You say as ever in order to indicate that something or someone's behaviour is not unusual because it is like that all the time or very often.

- As ever, the meals are primarily fish-based.

- He was by himself, alone, as ever.

PHR: PHR with cl

13. ever
You can write ` Yours ever ' or ` Ever yours ' at the end of a letter before you sign your name, as an affectionate way of ending the letter. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
CONVENTION

ever

adverb

1.

at any time

at all

at any period

at any point

by any chance

in any case

on any occasion

2.

always

at all times

constantly

continually

evermore

for ever

perpetually

ever-

ever-
You use ever in adjectives such as ever-increasing and ever-present , to show that something exists or continues all the time.

- ...the ever-increasing traffic on our roads.

- ...an ever-changing world of medical information...

- He is always eager for new experiences and ever-willing to experiment.

COMB in ADJ

evergreen

[D.J.:ˈevəɡri:n]

[K.K.:ˈɛvɚˌɡrin]

adj.

常绿的, 常青的

n.

常青树; 常绿植物, 万年青

evergreen *

1. evergreen evergreens
An evergreen is a tree or bush which has green leaves all the year round.

- Holly, like ivy and mistletoe, is an evergreen.

N-COUNT

2. evergreen
Also an adjective.

- Plant evergreen shrubs around the end of the month.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

everlasting

[D.J.:ˌevəˈlɑ:stiŋ]

adj.

永久的, 永恒的

无休止的, 令人厌倦的

everlasting

1. everlasting
Something that is everlasting never comes to an end.

- ...a message of peace and everlasting life.

ADJ
= eternal

2. everlasting
If you describe something as everlasting , you mean that it seems never to change or end. (LITERARY)

- I have loved you with an everlasting love!.

- Sometimes the work can feel unrewarding and everlasting.

ADJ
= endless

everlasting

adjective

eternal

endless

immortal

indestructible

never-ending

perpetual

timeless

undying

ever more *

ever more
Ever more means for all the time in the future.

- They will bitterly regret what they have done for ever more.

- The editor's decision is final and shall evermore remain so.

ADV: ADV with v, oft for ADV also evermore .
= always

every

[D.J.:ˈevri]

[K.K.:ˈɛvri]

adj.

每一, 每个

每…一次的, 每隔…的, 每…之中的

every *****

1. every
You use every to indicate that you are referring to all the members of a group or all the parts of something and not only some of them.

- Every village has a green, a church, a pub and a manor house.

- Record every expenditure you make.

- ...mediterranean fish of every shape and hue...

- We need help, every kind of help.

- ...recipes for every occasion.

DET: DET sing-n

2. every
Also an adjective.

- His every utterance will be scrutinized.

- He will find his every step more harshly spotlighted than has been the case previously.

ADJ: poss ADJ n

3. every
You also use every in order to say how often something happens or to indicate that something happens at regular intervals.

- We were made to attend meetings every day.

- A burglary occurs every three minutes in London.

- She will need to have the therapy repeated every few months.

- They meet here every Friday morning.

DET

4. every
You use every in front of a number when you are saying what proportion of people or things something happens to or applies to.

- Two out of every three Britons already own a video recorder.

- About one in every 20 people have clinical depression.

- He said Africa was suffering badly from deforestation: for every ten trees cut down, only one was planted.

DET: out of/in/for DET amount

5. every
You can use every before some nouns, for example `sign', `effort', `reason', and `intention' in order to emphasize what you are saying.

- The Congressional Budget Office says the federal deficit shows every sign of getting larger.

- I think that there is every chance that you will succeed.

- The Chinese Foreign Minister was making every effort to secure a peaceful settlement.

- Every care has been taken in compiling this list.

DET: DET sing-n emphasis
≠ no

6. every
If you say that someone's every whim, wish, or desire will be satisfied, you are emphasizing that everything they want will happen or be provided.

- Dozens of servants had catered to his every whim.

ADJ: poss ADJ n emphasis

7. every
You use every in the expressions every now and then , every now and again , every once in a while , and every so often in order to indicate that something happens occasionally.

- Stir the batter every now and then to keep it from separating.

- Every so often the horse's heart and lungs are checked.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR with cl

8. every
If something happens every other day or every second day , for example, it happens one day, then does not happen the next day, then happens the day after that, and so on. You can also say that something happens every third week , every fourth year , and so on.

- I went home every other week.

- It has been snowing, roughly every third day, for as long as I've had the flu.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR with cl

every

adjective

each

all

each one

everybody

[D.J.:ˈevribɔdi]

[K.K.:ˈɛvriˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi]

pron.

每人, 人人, 各人

everybody ****

everybody
Everybody means the same as everyone .

everybody

pronoun

everyone

all and sundry

each one

each person

every person

one and all

the whole world

everyday

[D.J.:ˈevridei]

[K.K.:ˈɛvriˈde]

adj.

每天的, 日常的

everyday **

everyday
You use everyday to describe something which happens or is used every day, or forms a regular and basic part of your life, so it is not especially interesting or unusual.

- In the course of my everyday life, I had very little contact with teenagers.

- ...opportunities for improving fitness in your everyday routine.

- ...the everyday problems of living in the city...

- A paint finish can transform something everyday and mundane into something more elaborate.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

everyday

adjective

common

customary

mundane

ordinary

routine

run-of-the-mill

stock

usual

workaday

everyman

[D.J.:ˈevrimæn]

[K.K.:ˈɛvriˌmæn]

n.

普通人,一般人

everyman

everyman
Everyman is used to refer to people in general. If you say, for example, that a character in a film or book is an everyman , you mean that the character has experiences and emotions that are like those of any ordinary person.

- Douglas plays a frustrated American everyman who suddenly loses control under the pressure of daily life.

N-SING

everyone

[D.J.:ˈevriwʌn]

[K.K.:ˈɛvriˌwʌn]

pron.

每人, 人人, 各人

everyone ****

1. everyone
You use everyone or everybody to refer to all the people in a particular group.

- Everyone in the street was shocked when they heard the news.

- When everyone else goes home around 7 p.m. Lynn is still in high gear.

- Not everyone thinks that the government is being particularly generous.

PRON-INDEF: oft PRON else The form everybody is also used
≠ no one nobody

2. everyone
You use everyone or everybody to refer to all people.

- Everyone wrestles with self-doubt and feels like a failure at times.

- Everyone needs some free time for rest and relaxation.

- You can't keep everybody happy.

PRON-INDEF The form everybody is also used
≠ no one nobody

everyone

pronoun

everybody

all and sundry

each one

each person

every person

one and all

the whole world

everything

[D.J.:ˈevriθiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ]

pron.

每件事, 一切

最重要的东西

everything *****

1. everything
You use everything to refer to all the objects, actions, activities, or facts in a particular situation.

- He'd gone to Seattle long after everything else in his life had changed.

- Early in the morning, hikers pack everything that they will need for the day's hike.

- Everything in the building had gone silent.

PRON-INDEF: oft PRON else
≠ nothing

2. everything
You use everything to refer to all possible or likely actions, activities, or situations.

- `This should have been decided long before now.' --- `We can't think of everything.'.

- Cathy thought that she had the answer to everything.

- Noel and I do everything together.

- Are you doing everything possible to reduce your budget?

PRON-INDEF

3. everything
You use everything to refer to a whole situation or to life in general.

- She says everything is going smoothly.

- Is everything all right?.

- Everything's going to be just fine.

PRON-INDEF
= things

4. everything
If you say that someone or something is everything , you mean you consider them to be the most important thing in your life, or the most important thing that there is.

- I love him. He is everything to me.

- Crime cases were something that agents solved, and to him the case was everything.

- Money isn't everything.

PRON-INDEF: oft PRON to n
= all ≠ nothing

5. everything
If you say that someone or something has everything , you mean they have all the things or qualities that most people consider to be desirable.

- This man had everything. He had the house, the sailboat and a full life with friends and family.

- It was a garden that had everything. It was rich and wild and beautiful, and exciting.

PRON-INDEF

6. everything
You say ` and everything ' after mentioning a particular thing or list of things to indicate that they are only examples and that other things are also involved. (INFORMAL)

- He had a bed and a fireplace and everything.

- We become friends and everything, and we call each other on the phone all the time.

PHR: cl PHR

everything

pronoun

all

each thing

the lot

the whole lot

everywhere

[D.J.:ˈevrihwɛə]

[K.K.:ˈɛvriˌhwɛr, -ˌwɛr]

adv.

处处, 到处

everywhere ***

1. everywhere
You use everywhere to refer to a whole area or to all the places in a particular area.

- Working people everywhere object to paying taxes.

- We went everywhere together.

- Dust is everywhere.

- Tap water is drinkable everywhere in the Algarve.

- People come here from everywhere to see these lights.

ADV-INDEF: n ADV, ADV after v, be ADV, oft from ADV, ADV cl/group

2. everywhere
You use everywhere to refer to all the places that someone goes to.

- Bradley is still accustomed to travelling everywhere in style.

- Everywhere he went he was introduced as the current United States Open Champion.

ADV-INDEF: ADV after v, oft ADV cl/prep

3. everywhere
You use everywhere to emphasize that you are talking about a large number of places, or all possible places.

- I saw her picture everywhere.

- I looked everywhere. I couldn't find him.

ADV-INDEF: ADV after v, be ADV, ADV with cl emphasis

4. everywhere
If you say that someone or something is everywhere , you mean that they are present in a place in very large numbers.

- There were cartons of cigarettes everywhere.

- Clothes were everywhere; hanging out of drawers, strewn across the floor, even spilling from the wastepaper basket.

ADV-INDEF: be ADV, ADV after v

everywhere

adverb

to or in every place

all around

all over

far and wide or near

high and low

in every nook and cranny

the world over

ubiquitously

evict

[D.J.:ɪˈvɪkt]

[K.K.:ɪˈvɪkt]

vt.

(依法从房屋里或土地上)驱逐, 赶出

evict *

evict evicts evicting evicted
If someone is evicted from the place where they are living, they are forced to leave it, usually because they have broken a law or contract.

- They were evicted from their apartment after their mother became addicted to drugs.

- In the first week, the city police evicted ten families.

- If you don't keep up payments you could be evicted.

VB

evict

verb

expel

boot out informal

eject

kick out informal

oust

remove

throw out

turf out informal

turn out

eviction

[i(:)ˈvikʃən]

n.

逐出,赶出

eviction *

eviction evictions
Eviction is the act or process of officially forcing someone to leave a house or piece of land.

- He was facing eviction, along with his wife and family.

- He also criticised the evictions for being violent and ruthless.

- ...an eviction order.

N-VAR

evidence

[D.J.:ˈevidəns]

[K.K.:ˈɛvɪdəns]

n.

证词; 证据; 迹象

evidence ****

1. evidence
Evidence is anything that you see, experience, read, or are told that causes you to believe that something is true or has really happened.

- Ganley said he'd seen no evidence of widespread fraud.

- There is a lot of evidence that stress is partly responsible for disease.

- To date there is no evidence to support this theory.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of/for n, N that, N to-inf

2. evidence
Evidence is the information which is used in a court of law to try to prove something. Evidence is obtained from documents, objects, or witnesses. (LEGAL)

- The evidence against him was purely circumstantial.

- ...enough evidence for a successful prosecution.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N against n

3. evidence
If you give evidence in a court of law or an official enquiry, you officially say what you know about people or events, or describe an occasion at which you were present.

- The forensic scientists who carried out the original tests will be called to give evidence.

- Cabin crew have been giving evidence at the M1 aircrash enquiry.

PHR: V inflects
= testify

4. evidence evidences evidencing evidenced
If a particular feeling, ability, or attitude is evidenced by something or someone, it is seen or felt. (FORMAL)

- He's wise in other ways too, as evidenced by his reason for switching from tennis to golf.

- She was not calculating and evidenced no specific interest in money.

VB

5. evidence
If someone or something is in evidence , they are present and can be clearly seen.

- Few soldiers were in evidence.

- Poverty and bad housing conditions are still very much in evidence.

PHR: V inflects

evidence

noun

1.

proof

confirmation

corroboration

demonstration

grounds

indication

sign

substantiation

testimony

verb

2.

show

demonstrate

display

exhibit

indicate

prove

reveal

signify

witness

evident

[D.J.:ˈevidənt]

[K.K.:ˈɛvɪdənt]

adj.

明显的, 明白的

evident **

1. evident
If something is evident , you notice it easily and clearly.

- His footprints were clearly evident in the heavy dust.

- The threat of inflation is already evident in bond prices.

- ...the best-publicised cases of evident injustice.

ADJ-GRADED
= noticeable unmistakable

2. evident
You use evident to show that you are certain about a situation or fact and your interpretation of it.

- It was evident that she had once been a beauty.

- The cities are bombarded day after day in an evident effort to force their surrender.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ that/wh emphasis
= obvious

evident

adjective

obvious

apparent

clear

manifest

noticeable

perceptible

plain

unmistakable

visible

evidently

[D.J.:ˈevidəntli]

[K.K.:ˈɛvɪdəntli, ˌɛvɪˈdɛntli]

adv.

明显地, 显然

evidently **

1. evidently
You use evidently to say that something is obviously true, for example because you have seen evidence of it yourself.

- The man wore a bathrobe and had evidently just come from the bathroom.

- The two Russians evidently knew each other.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group, ADV before v
= clearly obviously

2. evidently
You use evidently to show that you think something is true or have been told something is true, but that you are not sure, because you do not have enough information or proof.

- From childhood, he was evidently at once rebellious and precocious.

- Ellis evidently wished to negotiate downwards after Atkinson had set the guidelines.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group, ADV before v

3. evidently
You can use evidently to introduce a statement or opinion and to emphasize that you feel that it is true or correct. (FORMAL)

- Quite evidently, it has nothing to do with social background.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl emphasis

evidently

adverb

1.

obviously

clearly

manifestly

plainly

undoubtedly

unmistakably

without question

2.

apparently

ostensibly

outwardly

seemingly

to all appearances

evil

[D.J.:ˈi:vəl]

[K.K.:ˈivəl]

adj.

邪恶的, 坏的

讨厌的, 使人不舒服的

n.

邪恶, 罪恶, 祸害

evil ***

1. evil
Evil is a powerful force that some people believe to exist, and which causes wicked and bad things to happen.

- We are still being attacked by the forces of evil.

- There's always a conflict between good and evil in his plays.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ good

2. evil
Evil is used to refer to all the wicked and bad things that happen in the world.

- He could not, after all, stop all the evil in the world.

- ...those who see television as the root of all evil.

N-UNCOUNT

3. evil evils
If you refer to an evil , you mean a very unpleasant or harmful situation or activity.

- Apartheid is even a greater evil.

- Higher taxes may be a necessary evil.

- ...a lecture on the evils of alcohol.

N-COUNT

4. evil
If you describe someone as evil , you mean that they are very wicked by nature and take pleasure in doing things that harm other people.

- ...the country's most evil terrorists...

- She's an evil woman.

ADJ-GRADED

5. evil
If you describe something as evil , you mean that you think it causes a great deal of harm to people and is morally bad.

- After 1760 few Americans refrained from condemning slavery as evil.

- They are setting an evil example for their children.

ADJ-GRADED

6. evil
If you describe something as evil , you mean that you think it is influenced by the devil.

- I think this is an evil spirit at work.

- According to local folklore it is an evil place.

ADJ-GRADED

7. evil
You can describe a very unpleasant smell as evil .

- Both men were smoking evil-smelling pipes.

ADJ-GRADED

8. evil
If someone is putting off the evil day or the evil hour , they have to do something unpleasant and are trying to avoid doing it for as long as possible.

- You can simply go on putting off the evil day and eventually find yourself smoking as much as ever.

PHR: usu v PHR

9. evil
If you have two choices, but think that they are both bad, you can describe the one which is less bad as the lesser of two evils , or the lesser evil .

- People voted for him as the lesser of two evils.

- One suspects that hydro power is still the lesser evil.

PHR

evil

noun

1.

wickedness

badness

depravity

malignity

sin

vice

villainy

wrongdoing

2.

harm

affliction

disaster

hurt

ill

injury

mischief

misfortune

suffering

woe

adjective

3.

wicked

bad

depraved

immoral

malevolent

malicious

sinful

villainous

4.

harmful

calamitous

catastrophic

destructive

dire

disastrous

pernicious

ruinous

5.

offensive

foul

noxious

pestilential

unpleasant

vile

evildoer

[D.J.:ˈi:vidu:ə]

[K.K.:ˈivəlˌduɚ]

n.

(尤指经常)为恶者,做坏事的人

evildoer

evildoer evildoers
If you describe someone as an evildoer , you mean that they are wicked, and that they deliberately cause harm or suffering to others. (OLD-FASHIONED or LITERARY)
N-COUNT also evil-doer .

evil eye

1. evil eye
Some people believe that the evil eye is a magical power to cast a spell on someone or something by looking at them, so that bad things happen to them.
N-SING: the N

2. evil eye
If someone gives you the evil eye , they look at you in an unpleasant way, usually because they dislike you or are jealous of you.

- When we go out, girls are always giving me the evil eye.

N-SING: usu the N

evince

[D.J.:ɪˈvɪns]

[K.K.:ɪˈvɪns]

vt.

表明,标示

evince

evince evinces evincing evinced
If someone or something evinces a particular feeling or quality, they show that feeling or quality, often indirectly. (FORMAL)

- The entire production evinces authenticity and a real respect for the subject matter.

- The new president has so far evinced no such sense of direction.

VB

eviscerate

[D.J.:ɪˈvɪsəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˈvɪsəˌret]

vt.

切除…的内脏

evisceration

n.

evisceration

n.

除脏(术)

eviscerate

1. eviscerate eviscerates eviscerating eviscerated
To eviscerate a person or animal means to remove their internal organs, such as their heart, lungs, and stomach. (FORMAL)

- ...strangling and eviscerating rabbits for the pot.

VB

2. eviscerate eviscerates eviscerating eviscerated
If you say that something will eviscerate an organization or system, you are emphasizing that it will make the organization or system much weaker or much less powerful. (FORMAL)

- Democrats say the petition will eviscerate state government.

VB emphasis

evocation

[D.J.:ˌevəuˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛvəˈkeʃən, ˌivə-]

n.

唤出,唤起,招魂

evocation

evocation evocations
An evocation of something involves creating an image or impression of it. (FORMAL)

- ...a perfect evocation of the period.

N-VAR: usu N of n

evocative

[D.J.:ɪˈvɔkətɪv]

[K.K.:ɪˈvɑkətɪv]

adj.

引起…记忆的, 唤起…感情的

evocative *

1. evocative
If you describe something as evocative , you mean that it is good or interesting because it produces pleasant memories, ideas, emotions, and responses in people. (FORMAL)

- Her story is sharply evocative of Italian provincial life.

- ...the evocative power of cinema.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of n

2. evocatively

- ...the collection of islands evocatively known as the South Seas.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

evoke

[D.J.:iˈvəuk]

[K.K.:ɪˈvok]

vt.

产生, 引起, 唤起

evoke **

evoke evokes evoking evoked
To evoke a particular memory, idea, emotion, or response means to cause it to occur. (FORMAL)

- ...the scene evoking memories of those old movies...

- A sense of period was evoked by complementing pictures with appropriate furniture.

VB

evoke

verb

recall

arouse

awaken

call

give rise to

induce

rekindle

stir up

summon up

evolution

[D.J.:ˌi:vəˈlu:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛvəˈluʃən, ˌivə-]

n.

演变; 进化; 发展

evolution **

1. evolution
Evolution is a process of gradual change that takes place over many generations, during which species of animals, plants, or insects slowly change some of their physical characteristics.

- ...the evolution of plants and animals.

- ...the theory of evolution by natural selection.

- ...human evolution.

N-UNCOUNT

2. evolution evolutions
Evolution is a process of gradual development in a particular situation or thing over a period of time. (FORMAL)

- ...a crucial period in the evolution of modern physics.

- ...an accurate account of his country's evolution...

- His long life comprised a series of evolutions.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= development

evolution

noun

development

expansion

growth

increase

maturation

progress

unfolding

working out

evolutionary

[ˌi:vəˈlu:ʃənəri]

adj.

进化的

evolutionary *

evolutionary
Evolutionary means relating to a process of gradual change and development.

- ...an evolutionary process.

- ...a period of evolutionary change.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

evolutionist

[ˌi:vəˈlju:ʃənist]

n.

进化论者的

adj.

进化论的

evolutionist

evolutionist evolutionists
An evolutionist is someone who accepts the scientific theory that all living things evolved from a few simple life forms.
N-COUNT

evolve

[D.J.:iˈvɔlv]

[K.K.:ɪˈvɑlv]

vt. & vi.

演变; 进化

evolving

adj.

进化的,展开的

evolve **

1. evolve evolves evolving evolved
When animals or plants evolve , they gradually change and develop into different forms.

- The bright plumage of many male birds was thought to have evolved to attract females.

- Maize evolved from a wild grass in Mexico.

- ...when amphibians evolved into reptiles.

VB

2. evolve evolves evolving evolved
If something evolves or you evolve it, it gradually develops over a period of time into something different and usually more advanced.

- ...a tiny airline which eventually evolved into Pakistan International Airlines...

- Popular music evolved from folk songs.

- As medical knowledge evolves, beliefs change.

- This was when he evolved the working method from which he has never departed.

V-ERG

evolve

verb

develop

expand

grow

increase

mature

progress

unfold

work out

ewe

[D.J.:ju:]

[K.K.:ju]

n.

母羊

ewe

ewe ewes
A ewe is a adult female sheep.
N-COUNT

ewer

[D.J.:ˈju:ə]

[K.K.:ˈjuɚ]

n.

大口水壶,水罐

ewer

ewer ewers
A ewer is a large jug with a wide opening. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

ex

[D.J.:eks]

[K.K.:ɛks]

n.

<口>前妻或前夫；以前的男朋友或女朋友

exes

[ˈeksiz]

n.

〈英口〉费用

ex

ex exes
Someone's ex is the person they used to be married to or used to have a romantic or sexual relationship with. (INFORMAL)

- He's different from my ex.

- ...one of her exes.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

ex-

[D.J.:eks]

[K.K.:ɛks]

pref.

表示“由…出来,自”之义

ex-

ex-
ex- is added to nouns to show that someone or something is no longer the thing referred to by that noun. For example, a woman's ex-husband is no longer her husband.

- ...my ex-wife.

- ...ex-President Reagan.

- ...an ex-soldier.

PREFIX

exacerbate

[D.J.:ɪgˈzæsəˌbeɪt]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzæsɚˌbet]

vt.

使恶化;使加重

exacerbation

[eksˌæsə(:)ˈbeiʃən]

n.

恶化,激怒,增剧

exacerbate *

1. exacerbate exacerbates exacerbating exacerbated
If something exacerbates a problem or bad situation, it makes it worse. (FORMAL)

- Mr Powell-Taylor says that depopulation exacerbates the problem.

- Longstanding poverty has been exacerbated by racial divisions.

VB
= aggravate

2. exacerbation

- ...the exacerbation of global problems.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n

exact

[D.J.:iɡˈzækt]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzækt]

adj.

准确的, 确切的, 精确的

严谨的, 严格的

vt.

要求, 索取; 苛求, 强求

exacting

[D.J.:ɪgˈzæktɪŋ]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ]

adj.

费劲的;需细致小心的

(标准)严格的,难达到的

(对别人)严格的,苛求的

exactly

[D.J.:ɪgˈzæktli:]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzæktli]

adv.

精确地;准确地;确切地

<口>(要求得到更多信息)究竟,到底

(答语,表示赞同或强调正确)一点不错,正是如此,完全正确

not exactly

(说反话时用)并不，并没有

(用于纠正某人说过的话)并非如此，不完全是这样

exact ****

1. exact
Exact means correct in every detail. For example, an exact copy is the same in every detail as the thing it is copied from.

- I don't remember the exact words.

- The exact number of protest calls has not been revealed.

- It's an exact copy of the one which was found in Ann Alice's room.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= precise ≠ approximate

2. exactly

- Try to locate exactly where the smells are entering the room.

- The system worked perfectly, exactly as his training and plans had led him to expect.

- What exactly goes wrong with those suffering from senile dementia?.

- Both drugs will be exactly the same.

- Barton couldn't remember exactly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with cl/group, also ADV after v
= precisely ≠ approximately

3. exact
You use exact before a noun to emphasize that you are referring to that particular thing and no other, especially something that has a particular significance.

- I hadn't really thought about it until this exact moment.

- Do you really think I could get the exact thing I want?.

- It may be that you will feel the exact opposite of what you expected.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

4. exactly

- These are exactly the people who do not vote.

- He knew exactly what he was doing.

ADV: ADV n/wh
= precisely just

5. exact
If you describe someone as exact , you mean that they are very careful and detailed in their work, thinking, or methods.

- Formal, exact and obstinate, he was also cold, suspicious, touchy and tactless.

ADJ-GRADED
= meticulous

6. exact exacts exacting exacted
When someone exacts something, they demand and obtain it from another person, especially because they are in a superior or more powerful position. (FORMAL)

- Already he has exacted a written apology from the chairman of the commission.

- They, too, would be likely to exact a high price for their cooperation.

VB

7. exact exacts exacting exacted
If someone exacts revenge on a person, they have their revenge on them.

- She uses the media to help her exact a terrible revenge.

VB

8. exact exacts exacting exacted
If something exacts a high price, it has a bad effect on a person or situation.

- The sheer physical effort had exacted a heavy price.

- The strain of a violent ground campaign will exact a toll on troops.

VB

9. exact
You say to be exact to indicate that you are slightly correcting or giving more detailed information about what you have been saying.

- A small number -- five, to be exact -- have been bad.

- I consider myself to be a liberal democrat, or to be more exact, a democratic liberal.

PHR: PHR with cl/group

exacting

exacting
You use exacting to describe something or someone that demands hard work and a great deal of care.

- The Duke was not well enough to carry out such an exacting task.

- Privately they seem to have the same exacting standards.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

exactly ***

1. exactly
You use exactly before an amount, number, or position to emphasize that it is no more, no less, or no different from what you are stating.

- Each corner had a guard tower, each of which was exactly ten meters in height.

- Agnew's car pulled into the driveway at exactly five o'clock.

- It seems logical to keep a moving subject exactly in the middle of the picture.

ADV: usu ADV num, also ADV prep/adv emphasis
= just precisely

2. exactly
If you say ` Exactly ', you are agreeing with someone or emphasizing the truth of what they say. If you say ` Not exactly ', you are telling them politely that they are wrong in part of what they are saying.

- Eve nodded, almost approvingly. `Exactly.'.

- `We don't know the answer to that.' --- `Exactly -- so shut up and stop speculating.'.

- `And you refused?' --- 'Well, not exactly. I couldn't say yes.'

ADV as reply
= precisely

3. exactly
You use not exactly to indicate that a meaning or situation is slightly different from what people think or expect.

- He's not exactly homeless, he just hangs out in this park.

ADV: not ADV, usu ADV group vagueness

4. exactly
You can use not exactly to show that you mean the opposite of what you are saying.

- This was not exactly what I wanted to hear.

- Sailing is not exactly cheap.

ADV: not ADV, usu ADV group emphasis

5. exactly
You use exactly with a question to show that you disapprove of what the person you are talking to is doing or saying.

- What exactly do you mean?.

- Exactly what are you looking for?

ADV: ADV with quest disapproval
= precisely

exact

adjective

1.

accurate

correct

definite

faultless

precise

right

specific

true

unerring

verb

2.

demand

claim

command

compel

extort

extract

force

exacting

adjective

demanding

difficult

hard

harsh

rigorous

severe

strict

stringent

taxing

tough

exactly

adverb

1.

precisely

accurately

correctly

explicitly

faithfully

scrupulously

truthfully

unerringly

2.

in every respect

absolutely

indeed

precisely

quite

specifically

to the letter

exactitude

[D.J.:iɡˈzæktitju:d]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzæktɪtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

正确,精密,精确,严格,规规矩矩

exactitude

exactitude
Exactitude is the quality of being very accurate and careful. (FORMAL)

- This was an extension of the exactitude he expected to find in all dimensions of daily life.

N-UNCOUNT

exactness

n.

正确,精确

exactness

exactness
Exactness is the quality of being very accurate and precise.

- He recalls his native Bombay with cinematic exactness.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

exactness

noun

precision

accuracy

correctness

exactitude

rigorousness

scrupulousness

strictness

veracity

exact science

exact science
If you say that a particular activity is not an exact science , you mean that there are no set rules to follow or it does not produce very accurate results.

- Forecasting floods is not an exact science.

N-SING: usu with brd-neg

exaggerate

[D.J.:iɡˈzædʒəreit]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzædʒəˌret]

vt. & vi.

(使)扩大, (使)增加

夸大, 夸张

exaggerated

[iɡˈzædʒəreitid]

adj.

夸大的,言过其实的,夸张的

exaggeration

[D.J.:ɪ gˌzæd ʒəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪɡˌzæd ʒəˈreʃən]

n.

夸张,夸大

夸张的言语;夸张的手法

exaggerate **

1. exaggerate exaggerates exaggerating exaggerated
If you exaggerate , you indicate that something is, for example, worse or more important than it really is.

- He thinks I'm exaggerating.

- Don't exaggerate.

- Sheila admitted that she did sometimes exaggerate the demands of her job.

VB

2. exaggeration exaggerations

- Like many stories about him, it smacks of exaggeration.

- It would be an exaggeration to call the danger urgent.

N-VAR

3. exaggerate exaggerates exaggerating exaggerated
If something exaggerates a situation, quality, or feature, it makes the situation, quality, or feature appear greater, more obvious, or more important than it really is.

- These figures exaggerate the loss of competitiveness.

- The dress exaggerates her wasp waist and enlarges her bosom.

VB

exaggerated **

1. exaggerated
Something that is exaggerated is or seems larger, better, worse, or more important than it actually needs to be.

- They should be sceptical of exaggerated claims for what such courses can achieve.

- Western fears, he insists, are greatly exaggerated.

ADJ-GRADED

2. exaggeratedly

- ...an exaggeratedly feminine appearance...

- She laughed exaggeratedly at their jokes.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed, ADV after v

exaggerate

verb

overstate

amplify

embellish

embroider

enlarge

overemphasize

overestimate

exaggeration

noun

overstatement

amplification

embellishment

enlargement

hyperbole

overemphasis

overestimation

exalt

[D.J.:ɪgˈzɔ:lt]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɔlt]

vt.

赞扬;歌颂

提升, 提拔

exaltation

[D.J.:ˌegzɔ:lˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛɡzɔlˈteʃən]

n.

兴奋;得意洋洋

exalted

[D.J.:ɪgˈzɔ:ltɪd]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɔltɪd]

adj.

高贵的, 崇高的

兴奋的, 得意洋洋的

exalt *

1. exalt exalts exalting exalted
To exalt someone or something means to praise them very highly. (FORMAL)

- However difficult she might have been, this book exalts her as both mother and muse.

- His work exalts all those virtues that we, as Americans, are taught to hold dear.

VB

2. exaltation

- The poem, which appeared in 1890, is an exaltation of married love.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, usu N of n

exaltation

exaltation
Exaltation is an intense feeling of great happiness. (FORMAL)

- The city was swept up in the mood of exaltation.

N-UNCOUNT
= exhilaration

See also exalt .

exalted *

1. exalted
Someone or something that is at an exalted level is at a very high level, especially with regard to rank or importance. (FORMAL)

- ...at the exalted level of Olympic competition...

- You must decide how to make the best use of your exalted position.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= lofty

2. exalted
If you feel exalted , you feel full of great joy and happiness. (FORMAL)

- You do get very excited and exalted by the power of their speeches.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

exalt

verb

1.

praise

acclaim

extol

glorify

idolize

set on a pedestal

worship

2.

raise

advance

elevate

ennoble

honour

promote

upgrade

exaltation

noun

1.

praise

acclaim

glorification

idolization

reverence

tribute

worship

2.

rise

advancement

elevation

ennoblement

promotion

upgrading

exalted

adjective

high-ranking

dignified

eminent

grand

honoured

lofty

prestigious

exam

[D.J.:iɡˈzæm]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzæm]

n.

〈口〉考试

exam **

1. exam exams
An exam is a formal test that you take to show your knowledge or ability in a particular subject, or to obtain a qualification.

- I don't want to take any more exams.

- Kate's exam results were excellent.

N-COUNT
= examination

2. exam exams
If you have a medical exam , a doctor looks at your body, feels it, or does simple tests in order to check how healthy you are. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT
= examination

examination

[iɡˌzæmiˈneiʃən]

n.

检查, 调查

考试; 考查; 试题

讯问

examine

[D.J.:iɡˈzæmin]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzæmɪn]

vt.

仔细检查

考试, 对…进行考核

审查, 审问

examined

验讫

examination ***

1. examination examinations
An examination is a formal test that you take to show your knowledge or ability in a particular subject, or to obtain a qualification. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= exam

See also examine .

2. examination examinations
If you have a medical examination , a doctor looks at your body, feels it, or does simple tests in order to check how healthy you are.
N-COUNT

examine ****

1. examine examines examining examined
If you examine something, you look at it carefully.

- He examined her passport and stamped it.

- Forensic scientists are examining what police believe to have been the bombers' car.

VB

2. examination examinations

- The Navy is to carry out an examination of the wreck tomorrow.

- They have also searched offices in Sheffield and taken away documents for examination.

N-VAR
= inspection

3. examine examines examining examined
If a doctor examines you, he or she looks at your body, feels it, or does simple tests in order to check how healthy you are.

- Another doctor examined her and could still find nothing wrong.

- He was examined again and then prescribed a different herbal medicine.

VB

4. examination

- He was later discharged after an examination at Westminster Hospital.

- Further examination is needed to exclude the chance of disease.

N-VAR

5. examine examines examining examined
If an idea, proposal, or plan is examined , it is considered very carefully.

- I have given the matter much thought, examining all the possible alternatives.

- The plans will be examined by EC environment ministers.

VB

6. examination

- The government said it was studying the implications, which `required very careful examination and consideration'.

N-VAR

7. examine examines examining examined
If you are examined , you are given a formal test in order to show your knowledge of a subject.

- ...learning to cope with the pressures of being judged and examined by our teachers.

VB: usu passive

examination

noun

1.

inspection

analysis

exploration

interrogation

investigation

research

scrutiny

study

test

2.

questioning

inquiry

inquisition

probe

quiz

test

examine

verb

1.

inspect

analyse

explore

investigate

peruse

scrutinize

study

survey

2.

question

cross-examine

grill informal

inquire

interrogate

quiz

test

examinee

[D.J.:iɡzæmiˈni:]

[K.K.:ɪɡˌzæməˈni]

n.

受审查者,投考者,应试者

examinee

examinee examinees
An examinee is someone who is taking an exam. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

examiner

[iɡˈzæminə]

n.

主考者

examiner *

examiner examiners
An examiner is a person who sets or marks an examination.
N-COUNT
See also medical examiner .

example

[D.J.:iɡˈzɑ:mpl]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzæmpəl]

n.

例子, 实例

样本, 范例

榜样, 楷模

警告

examples

n.

例子

example *****

1. example examples
An example of something is a particular situation, object, or person which shows that what is being claimed is true.

- The doctors gave numerous examples of patients being expelled from hospital.

- Listed below are just a few examples of some of the family benefits available.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. example examples
An example of a particular class of objects or styles is something that has many of the typical features of such a class or style, and that you consider clearly represents it.

- Symphonies 103 and 104 stand as perfect examples of early symphonic construction.

- The plaque illustrated in Figure 1 is an example of his work at this time.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= illustration

3. example
You use for example to introduce and emphasize something which shows that something is true.

- ...`educational toys' that are designed to promote the development of, for example, children's spatial ability...

- Take, for example, the simple sentence: `The man climbed up the hill'.

- A few simple precautions can be taken, for example ensuring that desks are the right height.

PHR: PHR with cl/group
= for instance

4. example examples
If you refer to a person or their behaviour as an example to other people, you mean that he or she behaves in a good or correct way that other people should copy.

- He is a model professional and an example to the younger lads.

- Their example shows us what we are all capable of.

N-COUNT: oft N to n approval

5. example examples
In a dictionary entry, an example is a phrase or sentence which shows how a particular word is used.

- The examples are unique to this dictionary.

N-COUNT

6. example
If you follow someone's example , you behave in the same way as they did in the past, or in a similar way, especially because you admire them.

- Following the example set by her father, she has fulfilled her role and done her duty.

- She should remember that she is a mother and a public figure and that others may follow her example.

PHR: V inflects

7. example
To make an example of someone who has done something wrong means to punish them severely as a warning to other people not to do the same thing.

- Let us at least see our courts make an example of these despicable criminals.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

8. example
If you set an example , you encourage or inspire people by your behaviour to behave or act in a similar way.

- An officer's job was to set an example.

- He is setting an example which other aristocrats and leading Britons should follow.

PHR: V inflects

example

noun

1.

specimen

case

illustration

instance

sample

2.

model

archetype

ideal

paradigm

paragon

prototype

standard

3.

warning

caution

lesson

exasperate

[D.J.:ɪgˈzæspəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzæspəˌret]

vt.

激怒, 触怒

exasperating

[D.J.:ɪ gˈz ɑ:spəreɪtɪ]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzæspəˌretɪŋ]

adj.

使人恼怒的

exasperation

[D.J.:ɪgˌzæspəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪɡˌzæspəˈreʃən]

n.

恼怒;激怒

惹人恼怒的事

exasperate *

1. exasperate exasperates exasperating exasperated
If someone or something exasperates you, they annoy you and make you feel frustrated or upset.

- The sheer futility of it all exasperates her.

VB

2. exasperation

- Mahoney clenched his fist in exasperation.

- There was a trace of exasperation in his voice.

N-UNCOUNT

exasperated *

exasperated
If you describe a person as exasperated , you mean that they are frustrated or angry because of something that is happening or something that another person is doing.

- Bertha was exasperated at the delay.

- The president was clearly exasperated by the whole saga.

- Welland gave an exasperated sigh and turned back.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ by/with/at n

exasperating

exasperating
If you describe someone or something as exasperating , you mean that you feel angry or frustrated by them or by what they do.

- Hardie could be exasperating to his colleagues.

- She really is the most exasperating woman.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

exasperate

verb

irritate

anger

annoy

enrage

incense

inflame

infuriate

madden

pique

exasperation

noun

irritation

anger

annoyance

fury

pique

provocation

rage

wrath

excavate

[D.J.:ˈekskəˌveɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɛkskəˌvet]

vt.

挖掘, 开凿

挖出, 发掘

excavating

挖掘

excavation

[D.J.:ˌekskəˈveɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛkskəˈveʃən]

n.

挖掘;开凿

开凿的洞穴(或山路等)

(发掘出来的)古迹;出土的文物

excavate *

1. excavate excavates excavating excavated
When archaeologists or other people excavate a piece of land, they remove earth carefully from it and look for things such as pots, bones, or buildings which are buried there, in order to discover information about the past.

- A new Danish expedition is again excavating the site in annual summer digs.

VB

2. excavation excavations

- ...the excavation of a bronze-age boat by the Canterbury Archaeological Trust...

- In time these new excavations will require conservation.

N-VAR

3. excavate excavates excavating excavated
To excavate means to dig a hole in the ground, for example in order to build there.

- A contractor was hired to drain the reservoir and to excavate soil from one area for replacement with clay.

VB

4. excavation

- Our new habitation was an excavation made in the earth.

- ...the excavation of canals.

N-VAR

excavate

verb

dig out

burrow

delve

dig up

mine

quarry

tunnel

uncover

unearth

excavator

[D.J.:ˈekskəˌveɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈɛkskəˌvetɚ]

n.

开凿者;发掘者

挖掘机

excavator

excavator excavators
An excavator is a very large machine that is used for digging, for example when people are building something.
N-COUNT

exceed

[D.J.:ikˈsi:d]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsid]

vt.

超过; 超越

vi.

(在数量、质量上)突出, 领先

exceeding

[D.J.:ikˈsi:diŋ]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsidɪŋ]

adj.

(古时用语)非常好的, 非常

exceed **

1. exceed exceeds exceeding exceeded
If something exceeds a particular amount or number, it is greater or larger than that amount or number. (FORMAL)

- Its research budget exceeds $700 million a year.

- The demand for places at some schools exceeds the supply.

- His performance exceeded all expectations.

VB

2. exceed exceeds exceeding exceeded
If you exceed a limit or rule, you go beyond it, even though you are not supposed to or it is against the law. (FORMAL)

- He accepts he was exceeding the speed limit.

- I would be exceeding my powers if I ordered the march to be halted.

VB

exceed

verb

1.

surpass

beat

better

cap informal

eclipse

outdo

outstrip

overtake

pass

top

2.

go over the limit of

go over the top

overstep

exceedingly

[D.J.:ikˈsi:diŋli]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsidɪŋli]

adv.

非常, 极其, 过分地, 极为

exceedingly *

exceedingly
Exceedingly means very or very much. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- We had an exceedingly good lunch.

- This was an exceedingly difficult decision to take.

- I have a case that troubles me exceedingly.

ADV: usu ADV adj, also ADV after v
= extremely

exceedingly

adverb

extremely

enormously

exceptionally

extraordinarily

hugely

superlatively

surpassingly

unusually

very

excel

[D.J.:ikˈsel]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsɛl]

vt. & vi.

优于, 擅长

excelled

胜过,超过,优于,超越

excel *

excel excels excelling excelled
If someone excels in something or excels at it, they are very good at doing it.

- Caine has always been an actor who excels in irony.

- Mary was a better rider than either of them and she excelled at outdoor sports.

- Academically he began to excel.

- I think Krishnan excelled himself in all departments of his game.

VB

excel

verb

1.

be superior

beat

eclipse

outdo

outshine

surpass

transcend

excel in or at

2.

be good at

be proficient in

be skilful at

be talented at

shine at

show talent in

excellence

[D.J.:ˈeksələns]

[K.K.:ˈɛksələns]

n.

卓越, 杰出

par excellence

(只用于所修饰的名词后)杰出的；卓越的；出类拔萃的

excellence **

excellence
If someone or something has the quality of excellence , they are extremely good in some way.

- ...the top US award for excellence in journalism and the arts.

- ...a school once noted for its academic excellence.

N-UNCOUNT
See also par excellence .

excellence

noun

high quality

distinction

eminence

goodness

greatness

merit

pre-eminence

superiority

supremacy

Excellency

[D.J.:ˈeksələnsi:]

[K.K.:ˈɛksələnsi]

n.

阁下(对大使、总督、主教等的尊称)

Excellency *

Excellency Excellencies
You use expressions such as Your Excellency or His Excellency when you are addressing or referring to officials of very high rank, for example ambassadors or governors.

- I am reluctant to trust anyone totally, your Excellency.

- His excellency the President will be waiting for you in the hall.

N-VOC: poss N; PRON: poss PRON politeness

excellent

[D.J.:ˈeksələnt]

[K.K.:ˈɛksələnt]

adj.

优秀的, 卓越的, 杰出的

excellently

[D.J.:ˈeksələntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈ ɛks l..əntlɪ]

adv.

优秀地；杰出地；卓越地；极好地

excellent ****

1. excellent
Something that is excellent is very good indeed.

- The recording quality is excellent.

- Luckily, Sue is very efficient and does an excellent job as Fred's personal assistant.

ADJ

2. excellently

- They're both playing excellently.

- The tournament was excellently organised.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj/-ed

3. excellent
Some people say ` Excellent! ' to show that they approve of something.
EXCLAM feelings

excellent

adjective

outstanding

brilliant

exquisite

fine

first-class

first-rate

good

great

superb

superlative

world-class

except

[D.J.:ikˈsept]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsɛpt]

vt.

把…除外; 免除

prep.

除…外

except ****

1. except
You use except to introduce the only thing or person that a statement does not apply to, or a fact that prevents a statement from being completely true.

- I wouldn't have accepted anything except a job in Europe.

- I don't take any drugs whatsoever, except aspirin for colds.

- Children who take exams early will be allowed to drop a subject except in the case of maths, English and science.

PREP

2. except
Also a conjunction.

- Freddie would tell me nothing about what he was writing, except that it was to be a Christmas play.

- The log cabin stayed empty, except when we came.

- Ida would not speak to him except to answer questions.

- Nothing more to do now except wait.

CONJ-SUBORD: oft CONJ that/when/where/if

3. except
You use except for to introduce the only thing or person that prevents a statement from being completely true.

- He hadn't eaten a thing except for one forkful of salad.

- Everyone was late, except for Richard.

PHR-PREP
= apart from

except

preposition

1.

apart from

barring

besides

but

excepting

excluding

omitting

other than

saving

with the exception of

verb

2.

exclude

leave out

omit

pass over

excepted

excepted
You use excepted after you have mentioned a person or thing to show that you do not include them in the statement you are making. (FORMAL)

- Jeremy excepted, the men seemed personable.

- You normally receive 4 treatments each day, Sundays excepted.

ADV: n ADV

excepting

[D.J.:ikˈseptiŋ]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsɛptɪŋ]

prep.

除…外

conj.

除非,除…之外

excepting

excepting
You use excepting to introduce the only thing that prevents a statement from being completely true. (FORMAL)

- The source of meat for much of this region (excepting Japan) has traditionally been the pig.

PREP
= except for

exception

[D.J.:ikˈsepʃən]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsɛpʃən]

n.

例外

exceptions

免责条款

exception ***

1. exception exceptions
An exception is a particular thing, person, or situation that is not included in a general statement, judgement, or rule.

- Few guitarists can sing as well as they can play; Eddie, however, is an exception.

- There were no floral offerings at the ceremony, with the exception of a single red rose.

- The law makes no exceptions.

- With few exceptions, guests are booked for week-long visits.

N-COUNT: oft with the N of n, with N

2. exception
If you make a general statement, and then say that something or someone is no exception , you are emphasizing that they are included in that statement.

- Marketing is applied to everything these days, and books are no exception.

- Most people have no real idea how to change to healthy food, and Maureen was no exception.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

3. exception
If you are making a general statement and you say that something is the exception that proves the rule , you mean that although it seems to contradict your statement, in most other cases your statement will be true.

- On the surface, selling arms to a country that sponsors terrorism is clearly wrong, but it's the exception sometimes that proves the rule.

PHR: exception and V inflect, usu v-link PHR

4. exception
If you take exception to something , you feel offended or annoyed by it, usually with the result that you complain about it.

- He also took exception to having been spied on.

- And the problem is that they take exception to any kind of noise whatsoever.

PHR: V inflects
= object

5. exception
You use with the exception of to introduce a thing or person that is not included in a general statement that you are making.

- Yesterday was a day off for everybody, with the exception of Lawrence.

- In virtually every sport, with the possible exception of women's gymnastics, the players are now bigger and stronger than before.

PHR-PREP

6. exception
You use without exception to emphasize that the statement you are making is true in all cases.

- The vehicles are without exception old, rusty and dented.

- Almost without exception those convicted were our friends and colleagues.

PHR: PHR with cl/group, PHR after v emphasis

exception

noun

1.

special case

anomaly

deviation

freak

inconsistency

irregularity

oddity

peculiarity

2.

exclusion

leaving out

omission

passing over

exceptional

[D.J.:ikˈsepʃənl]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl]

adj.

优越的, 杰出的

例外的; 独特的, 异常的

exceptionally

[D.J.:ɪkˈsepʃənəlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪkˈs ɛpʃənəlɪ]

adv.

例外地;异常地;特殊地

exceptional **

1. exceptional
You use exceptional to describe someone or something that has a particular quality, usually a good quality, to an unusually high degree.

- ...children with exceptional ability...

- His translation is exceptional in its poetic quality.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= extraordinary

2. exceptionally

- He's an exceptionally talented dancer and needs to practice several hours every day.

- The conditions under ground were exceptionally hot.

ADV: ADV adj/adv
= extremely

3. exceptional
Exceptional situations and incidents are unusual and only likely to happen very infrequently. (FORMAL)

- ...if the courts hold that this case is exceptional...

- School governors have the discretion to allow parents to withdraw pupils in exceptional circumstances.

ADJ-GRADED
= unusual

4. exceptionally

- Exceptionally, in times of emergency, we may send a team of experts.

- At your request we may agree, exceptionally, to work outside usual working hours.

ADV: ADV with cl
= unusually

exceptional

adjective

1.

special

abnormal

atypical

extraordinary

irregular

odd

peculiar

strange

unusual

2.

remarkable

excellent

extraordinary

marvellous

outstanding

phenomenal

prodigious

special

superior

excerpt

[D.J.:ˈeksə:pt]

[K.K.:ˈɛkˌsɚpt]

n.

摘录, 摘要

[ekˈsə:pt]

vt.

选录, 摘录

excerpts

摘由

excerpt ***

1. excerpt excerpts
An excerpt is a short piece of writing or music which is taken from a larger piece.

- ...an excerpt from Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker.

N-COUNT: oft N from n
= extract

2. excerpt excerpted
If a long piece of writing or music is excerpted , short pieces from it are printed or played on their own.

- The readings you heard earlier were excerpted from a new oral history of Pearl Harbor.

V-PASSIVE

excerpt

noun

extract

fragment

part

passage

piece

quotation

section

selection

excess

[D.J.:ˈekses]

[K.K.:ˈɛkˌsɛs]

adj.

超重的, 过量的; 额外的

[ikˈses]

n.

超过, 过多之量

过度, 过分

excess ***

1. excess excesses
An excess of something is a larger amount than is needed, allowed, or usual.

- An excess of houseplants in a small flat can be oppressive.

- Polyunsaturated oils are essential for health. Excess is harmful, however.

N-VAR: with supp, usu a N of n

2. excess
Excess is used to describe amounts that are greater than what is needed, allowed, or usual.

- After cooking the fish, pour off any excess fat.

- The major reason for excess weight is excess eating.

ADJ: ADJ n
= surplus

3. excess
Excess is behaviour that is unacceptable because it is considered too extreme or immoral.

- She said she was sick of her life of excess.

- ...adolescent excess.

- ...the bloody excesses of warfare and empire-building.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

4. excess
Excess is used to refer to additional amounts of money that need to be paid for services and activities that were not originally planned or taken into account. (FORMAL)

- ...a letter demanding an excess fare of £20...

- Staff who have to travel farther can claim excess travel expenses.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. excess excesses
The excess on an insurance policy is a sum of money which the insured person has to pay towards the cost of a claim. The insurance company pays the rest. (BRIT, TECHNICAL)

- The company wanted £1,800 for a policy with a £400 excess for under-21s.

N-COUNT: usu sing

6. excess
In excess of means more than a particular amount. (FORMAL)

- Avoid deposits in excess of £20,000 in any one account.

- The energy value of dried fruits is considerably in excess of that of fresh items.

PHR-PREP: PREP amount

7. excess
If you do something to excess you do it too much.

- I was reasonably fit, played a lot of tennis, and didn't smoke or drink to excess.

- Red meat, eaten to excess, is very high in fat and calories.

PHR: PHR after v disapproval

excess

noun

1.

surfeit

glut

overload

superabundance

superfluity

surplus

too much

2.

overindulgence

debauchery

dissipation

dissoluteness

extravagance

intemperance

prodigality

excess baggage

1. excess baggage
On an aeroplane journey, excess baggage is luggage that is larger or weighs more than your ticket allows, so that you have to pay extra to take it on board.
N-UNCOUNT also excess luggage

2. excess baggage
You can use excess baggage to talk about problems or events from someone's past which you think still worry them, especially when you think these things make it difficult for the person to cope or develop.

- The good thing about these younger players is that they are not carrying any excess baggage from less successful times.

N-UNCOUNT also excess luggage

excessive

[D.J.:ikˈsesiv]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsɛsɪv]

adj.

过度的, 过分的; 极度的

excessively

[D.J.:ɪkˈsesɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪkˈs ɛsɪvlɪ]

adv.

过度地;过分地;极度地

excessive **

1. excessive
If you describe the amount or level of something as excessive , you disapprove of it because it is more or higher than is necessary or reasonable.

- ...the alleged use of excessive force by police...

- The government says that local authority spending is excessive.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. excessively

- Managers are also accused of paying themselves excessively high salaries.

- Mum had started taking pills and drinking excessively.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v

excessive

adjective

immoderate

disproportionate

exaggerated

extreme

inordinate

overmuch

superfluous

too much

undue

unfair

unreasonable

exchange

[D.J.:iksˈtʃeindʒ]

[K.K.:ɪksˈtʃendʒ]

n.

交换, 互换

兑换, 汇率

vt.

交换, 互换

交流

exchanges

票据交换总额

exchange ****

1. exchange exchanges exchanging exchanged
If two or more people exchange things of a particular kind, they give them to each other at the same time.

- We exchanged addresses and Christmas cards.

- The two men exchanged glances.

- He exchanged a quick smile with her then entered the lift.

V-RECIP
= swap

2. exchange exchanges
Also a noun.

- He ruled out any exchange of prisoners with the militants.

- There has got to be a frank exchange of views, and it is going to be very painful.

N-COUNT: oft N of pl-n

3. exchange exchanges exchanging exchanged
If you exchange something, you replace it with a different thing, especially something that is better or more satisfactory.

- ...the chance to sell back or exchange goods...

- If the car you have leased is clearly unsatisfactory, you can always exchange it for another.

VB
= swap

4. exchange exchanges
An exchange is a brief conversation, usually an angry one. (FORMAL)

- There've been some bitter exchanges between the two groups.

N-COUNT
= conversation

5. exchange exchanges
An exchange of fire, for example, is an incident in which people use guns or missiles against each other.

- There was an exchange of fire during which the gunman was wounded.

- This could intensify the risk of a nuclear exchange.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

6. exchange exchanges
An exchange is an arrangement in which people from two different countries visit each other's country, to strengthen links between them.

- ...a series of sporting and cultural exchanges with Seoul.

- ...educational exchanges for young people...

- I'm going to go on an exchange visit to Paris.

N-COUNT: usu adj N

7. exchange
Exchange is used in the names of some places where people used to trade and do business with each other.

- ...the Royal Exchange.

N-IN-NAMES: the supp N

8. exchange exchanges
The exchange is the same as the telephone exchange .
N-COUNT: usu the N

9. exchange
If you do or give something in exchange for something else, you do it or give it in order to get that thing.

- It is illegal for public officials to solicit gifts or money in exchange for favors.

- He paid her a huge salary. In exchange, he was assured of her vote.

PHR: usu PHR for n, PHR with cl
= in return

exchange

verb

1.

interchange

barter

change

convert into

swap

switch

trade

noun

2.

interchange

barter

quid pro quo

reciprocity

substitution

swap

switch

tit for tat

trade

exchange rate ***

exchange rate exchange rates
The exchange rate of a country's unit of currency is the amount of another country's currency that you get in exchange for it.
N-COUNT

Exchequer

n.

财政部

Exchequer *

Exchequer
The Exchequer is the department in the British government which is responsible for receiving, issuing, and accounting for money belonging to the state.
N-PROPER: the N

excise

[D.J.:ˈekˌsaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈɛkˌsaɪz]

vt.

切除,删去

n.

国内货物税，消费税

excised

切离的,离体的

excision

[D.J.:ekˈsɪʒɵn]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsɪʒən]

n.

切除；删除

<医>切除(术)

excise *

1. excise excises
Excise is a tax that the government of a country puts on particular goods, such as cigarettes and alcoholic drinks, which are produced for sale in its own country.

- ...this year's rise in excise duties...

- New car buyers and smokers will be hit by increases in taxes and excise.

N-VAR: usu N n

2. excise excises excising excised
If someone excises something, they remove it deliberately and completely. (FORMAL)

- ...a personal crusade to excise racist and sexist references in newspapers.

- ...the question of permanently excising madness from the world.

VB

3. excision excisions

- The authors demanded excision of foreign words.

N-VAR

excitability

[ikˌsaitəˈbiliti]

n.

可激发性,兴奋性

excitable

[D.J.:ikˈsaitəbə]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsaɪtəbəl]

adj.

容易激动的

excitable

1. excitable
If you describe someone as excitable , you mean that they behave in a rather nervous way and become excited very easily.

- Mary sat beside Elaine, who today seemed excitable.

- The staff were somewhat alarmed by the man, who was in an excitable state.

ADJ-GRADED

2. excitability

- She has always been more inclined to excitability and impatience.

N-UNCOUNT

excitable

adjective

nervous

emotional

highly strung

hot-headed

mercurial

quick-tempered

temperamental

volatile

excite

[D.J.:ikˈsait]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsaɪt]

vt.

使兴奋, 使激动

激发, 引起

excited

[D.J.:ɪkˈsaɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsaɪtɪd]

adj.

兴奋的, 激动的

喜悦的, 快乐的

excitedly

[D.J.:ɪkˈsaɪtɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsaɪtɪdlɪ]

adv.

兴奋地;激动地

exciting

[D.J.:ikˈsaitiŋ]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ]

adj.

使人兴奋的, 令人激动的

excite **

1. excite excites exciting excited
If something excites you, it makes you feel very happy, eager, or enthusiastic.

- I only take on work that excites me, even if it means turning down lots of money.

- We'd not been excited by anything for about three years.

- Where the show really excites is in the display of avant-garde photography.

VB

2. excite excites exciting excited
If something excites a particular feeling, emotion, or reaction in someone, it causes them to experience it.

- By all accounts, the monarchy does not excite strong feelings among the majority of Romanians.

- Daniel's early exposure to motor racing did not excite his interest.

- Reports of the plot of this unusual film tend to excite revulsion.

VB
= arouse

3. excite excites exciting excited
If something or someone excites you, they cause you to feel sexual desire.

- Don't try exciting your partner with dirty magazines.

VB

4. excited

- She makes you feel warm and comfortable, and maybe a little excited.

ADJ-GRADED

5. exciting

- ...a sexually exciting thought.

ADJ-GRADED

6. excite excites exciting excited
To excite a physical object such as an atomic particle or an organ in your body means to increase the amount of energy, movement, or activity in it. (TECHNICAL)

- The amount of nicotine in these nicotine substitutes can be enough to excite the heart.

VB

7. excited

- ...when an electron drops from an excited state to a less excited state.

ADJ-GRADED

excited **

1. excited
If you are excited , you are so happy that you cannot relax, especially because you are thinking about something pleasant that is going to happen to you.

- I'm very excited about the possibility of playing for England's first team.

- I was so excited when I went to sign the paperwork I could hardly write.

- ...an excited teenager on a trek through the London shops.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n

2. excitedly

- `You're coming?' he said excitedly. `That's fantastic! That's incredible!'

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. excited
If you are excited , you are very worried or angry about something, and so you are very alert and cannot relax.

- I don't think there's any reason to get excited about inflation.

- Excited voices were shouting that the road was blocked by soldiers.

ADJ-GRADED
= agitated

4. excitedly

- Larry rose excitedly to the edge of his seat, shook a fist at us and spat.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

exciting ***

1. exciting
If something is exciting , it makes you feel very happy or enthusiastic.

- The race itself is very exciting.

- This voyage was the most exciting adventure of their lives.

- Jackie was an exciting player to watch.

ADJ-GRADED
= thrilling

2. excitingly

- He is an excitingly original writer.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

excite

verb

arouse

animate

galvanize

inflame

inspire

provoke

rouse

stir up

thrill

exciting

adjective

stimulating

dramatic

electrifying

exhilarating

rousing

sensational

stirring

thrilling

excitement

[D.J.:ikˈsaitmənt]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsaɪtmənt]

n.

兴奋, 激动

令人兴奋的事

excitement **

excitement excitements
You use excitement to refer to the state of being excited, or to something that excites you.

- Everyone is in a state of great excitement.

- ...the excitement of a thunderstorm...

- This game had its challenges, excitements and rewards.

N-VAR

excitement

noun

agitation

action

activity

animation

commotion

furore

passion

thrill

exclaim

[D.J.:iksˈkleim]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsklem]

vt. & vi.

呼喊, 惊叫, 大声说

exclaim *

exclaim exclaims exclaiming exclaimed
Writers sometimes use exclaim to show that someone is speaking suddenly, loudly, or emphatically, often because they are excited, shocked, or angry.

- `He went back to the lab', Iris exclaimed impatiently.

- He exclaims that it must be a typing error.

VB
= cry

exclaim

verb

cry out

call out

declare

proclaim

shout

utter

yell

exclamation

[D.J.:ˌekskləˈmeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛkskləˈmeʃən]

n.

呼喊, 惊叫

exclamation

exclamation exclamations
An exclamation is a sound, word, or sentence that is spoken suddenly, loudly, or emphatically and that expresses excitement, admiration, shock, or anger.

- Sue gave an exclamation as we got a clear sight of the house.

N-COUNT

exclamation

noun

cry

call

interjection

outcry

shout

utterance

yell

exclamation mark

exclamation mark exclamation marks
An exclamation mark is the sign ! which is used in writing to show that a word, phrase, or sentence is an exclamation. (BRIT; in AM use exclamation point )
N-COUNT

exclude

[iksˈklu:d]

vt.

排除; 不包括在内

excluding

[D.J.:ɪksˈklu:dɪŋ]

prep.

除…外, 不包括

exclude **

1. exclude excludes excluding excluded
If you exclude someone from a place or activity, you prevent them from entering it or taking part in it.

- The Academy excluded women from its classes.

- The army should be excluded from political life.

- Many of the youngsters feel excluded.

VB

2. exclude excludes excluding excluded
If you exclude something that has some connection with what you are doing, you deliberately do not use it or consider it.

- They eat only plant foods, and take care to exclude animal products from other areas of their lives.

- In some schools, Christmas carols are being modified to exclude any reference to Christ.

VB

3. exclude excludes excluding excluded
To exclude a possibility means to decide or prove that it is wrong and not worth considering.

- I cannot entirely exclude the possibility that some form of pressure was applied to the neck.

- ...the pathological evidence, which does not exclude suicide.

VB: usu with brd-neg

4. exclude excludes excluding excluded
To exclude something such as the sun's rays or harmful germs means to prevent them physically from reaching or entering a particular place.

- This was intended to exclude the direct rays of the sun.

- They have spent $3 million building fences around the National Park to exclude such pests.

VB
= keep out

excluding *

excluding
You use excluding before mentioning a person or thing to show that you are not including them in your statement.

- The families questioned, excluding those on income support, have a net income of £200.20 a week.

- Excluding water, half of the body's weight is protein.

PREP
≠ including

exclude

verb

1.

keep out

ban

bar

boycott

disallow

forbid

prohibit

refuse

shut out

2.

leave out

count out

eliminate

ignore

omit

pass over

reject

rule out

set aside

exclusion

[D.J.:ɪkˈsklu:ʒən]

[K.K.:ɪkˈskluʒən]

n.

拒绝,排除

exclusionism

n.

排外主义

exclusionism

[ikˈsklu:ʒənizəm]

n.

排外主义,排他主义

exclusion **

1. exclusion exclusions
The exclusion of something is the act of deliberately not using, allowing, or considering it.

- It calls for the exclusion of all commercial lending institutions from the college loan program.

- Certain exclusions and limitations apply.

N-VAR: oft N of n

2. exclusion
Exclusion is the act of preventing someone from entering a place or taking part in an activity.

- ...women's exclusion from political power...

- A spokeswoman for Mr Prescott yesterday made it clear that he had been unhappy at his exclusion.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss, oft N from n

3. exclusion
If you do one thing to the exclusion of something else, you only do the first thing and do not do the second thing at all.

- Diane had dedicated her life to caring for him to the exclusion of all else.

PHR: usu PHR after v, PHR n

exclusion

noun

1.

ban

bar

boycott

disqualification

embargo

prohibition

veto

2.

elimination

omission

rejection

exclusionary

[D.J.:ɪkˈsklu:ʒənrɪ]

adj.

<正>排斥(性)的;排除在外的

exclusionary

exclusionary
Something that is exclusionary excludes a particular person or group of people. (FORMAL)

- She highlighted exclusionary business practices.

ADJ-GRADED

exclusion zone

exclusion zone exclusion zones
An exclusion zone is an area where people are not allowed to go or where they are not allowed to do a particular thing, for example because it would be dangerous.
N-COUNT

exclusive

[D.J.:iksˈklu:siv]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsklusɪv]

adj.

高级的, 奢华的

专用的; 独家的

n.

独家新闻, 独家报道

exclusiveness

独占度

exclusivity

[ˌeksklu:ˈsiviti]

n.

排外(主义);排他性[主义](尤指搞宗派、拉山头或闭关自守)

exclusive **

1. exclusive
If you describe something as exclusive , you mean that it is limited to people who have a lot of money or who belong to a high social class, and is therefore not available to everyone.

- He is already a member of Britain's most exclusive club.

- The City was criticised for being too exclusive and uncompetitive.

ADJ-GRADED

2. exclusiveness

- ...a rising middle class, which objected to the exclusiveness of the traditional elite.

N-UNCOUNT

3. exclusivity

- While residents enjoy the exclusivity of their homes, they take more pride in their advanced degrees and ambitious jobs.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

4. exclusive
Something that is exclusive is used or owned by only one person or group, and not shared with anyone else.

- Our group will have exclusive use of a 60-foot boat.

- Many of their cheeses are exclusive to our stores in Britain.

ADJ: oft ADJ to n

5. exclusivity

- Only 250 are to be sold in Europe, so exclusivity is guaranteed.

N-UNCOUNT

6. exclusive
If a newspaper, magazine, or broadcasting organization describes one of its reports as exclusive , they mean that it is a special report which does not appear in any other publication or on any other channel.

- He told the magazine in an exclusive interview: `All my problems stem from drink'.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

7. exclusive exclusives
An exclusive is an exclusive article or report.

- Some papers thought they had an exclusive.

N-COUNT

8. exclusive
If a company states that its prices, goods, or services are exclusive of something, that thing is not included in the stated price, although it usually still has to be paid for.

- All charges for service are exclusive of value added tax.

- Skiing weekends cost £58 (exclusive of travel and accommodation).

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ of n
≠ inclusive

9. exclusive
If two things are mutually exclusive , they are separate and very different from each other, so that it is impossible for them to exist or happen together.

- They both have learnt that ambition and successful fatherhood can be mutually exclusive.

PHR: v-link PHR

exclusive

adjective

1.

sole

absolute

complete

entire

full

total

undivided

whole

2.

limited

confined

peculiar

restricted

unique

3.

select

chic

cliquish

fashionable

posh informal chiefly Brit.

restricted

snobbish

up-market

exclusively

[D.J.:ɪksˈklu:sɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsklusɪvlɪ]

adv.

专门地;专有地

独占地;排外地

exclusively **

exclusively
Exclusively is used to refer to situations or activities that involve only the thing or things mentioned, and nothing else.

- ...an exclusively male domain...

- Instruction in these subjects in undergraduate classes is almost exclusively by lecture.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV with v

excommunicate

[D.J.:ˌekskəˈmju:nɪˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:ˌɛkskəˈmjunɪˌket]

vt.

开除…的教籍,把…逐出教会

excommunication

n.

excommunication

[D.J.:ˈekskəˌmju:niˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛkskəˌmjunɪˈkeʃən]

n.

逐出教会

excommunicate

1. excommunicate excommunicates excommunicating excommunicated
If a Roman Catholic or member of the Orthodox Church is excommunicated , it is publicly and officially stated that the person is no longer allowed to be a member of the Church. This is a punishment for some very great wrong that they have done.

- Eventually, he was excommunicated along with his mentor.

- In 1766 he excommunicated the village for its `depraved diversion.'

VB

2. excommunication excommunications

- ...the threat of excommunication.

N-VAR

excommunicate

verb

expel

anathematize

ban

banish

cast out

denounce

exclude

repudiate

excoriate

[D.J.:ɪkˈskɔ:ri:ˌeɪt, -ˈskəʊr-]

[K.K.:ɪkˈskɔriˌet, -ˈskor-]

vt.

擦伤,擦破(皮肤)

剥(皮)

严厉指责,痛斥

excoriation

n.

excoriation

[eksˌkɔ:riˈeiʃən]

n.

严厉的责难,苛责,表皮脱落；抓痕

excoriate

excoriate excoriates excoriating excoriated
To excoriate a person or organization means to criticize them severely, usually in public. (FORMAL)

- He proceeded to excoriate me in front of the nurses.

VB
= berate

excrement

[D.J.:ˈekskrəmənt]

[K.K.:ˈɛkskrəmənt]

n.

排泄物(粪便)

excrement

excrement
Excrement is the solid waste that is passed out of a person or animal's body through their bowels. (FORMAL)

- The cage smelled of excrement.

N-UNCOUNT

excrescence

[D.J.:iksˈkresns]

[K.K.:ɪkˈskrɛsəns]

n.

瘤,赘生物

excrescence

excrescence excrescences
If you describe something such as a building, addition, or development as an excrescence , you strongly disapprove of it because you think it is unnecessary, bad, or ugly. (LITERARY)

- The main dining room is nothing more than a utilitarian addition to the original building, an architectural excrescence.

- The trade union block vote is an excrescence on democracy.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N on n disapproval
= blot

excreta

[D.J.:eksˈkri:tə]

[K.K.:ɪkˈskritə]

n.

排泄物(如汗、尿、粪等)

excreta

excreta
Excreta is the waste matter, such as urine or faeces, which is passed out of a person or animal's body. (TECHNICAL or FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

excrete

[D.J.:ɪkˈskri:t]

[K.K.:ɪkˈskrit]

vt.

排除,排泄;分泌,排出

excretive

adj.

排泄的,分泌的;促进排泄的

excretion

[D.J.:eksˈkri:ʃən]

[K.K.:ɪkˈskriʃən]

n.

(动植物的)排泄,排泄物

excretive

[eksˈkri:tiv]

adj.

排泄的,促进排泄的,分泌的

excrete *

1. excrete excretes excreting excreted
When a person or animal excretes waste matter from their body, they get rid of it in faeces, urine, or sweat. (TECHNICAL or FORMAL)

- Your open pores excrete sweat and dirt.

- Calcium is excreted in the urine and stools.

VB

2. excretion excretions

- ...the excretion of this drug from the body.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

excruciating

[D.J.:ɪkˈskru:ʃi:ˌeɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ɪkˈskruʃiˌetɪŋ]

adj.

极为疼痛的

excruciatingly

adv.

excruciating *

1. excruciating
If you describe something as excruciating , you are emphasizing that it is extremely painful, either physically or emotionally.

- I was in excruciating pain and one leg wouldn't move.

- Her search for love has often caused her excruciating misery and loneliness.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= unbearable

2. excruciatingly

- He found the transition to boarding school excruciatingly painful.

- The ball hit him excruciatingly in the most sensitive part of his anatomy.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj, also ADV after v

3. excruciating
If you describe something as excruciating , you mean that it is very unpleasant to experience, for example because it is very boring or embarrassing.

- Meanwhile, the boredom is excruciating.

- There was a moment of excruciating silence.

ADJ-GRADED

4. excruciatingly

- The dialogue is excruciatingly embarrassing.

- ...the one where the children's chorus goes on excruciatingly about `Grocer Jack'.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj, also ADV with v

excruciating

adjective

agonizing

harrowing

insufferable

intense

piercing

severe

unbearable

violent

excursion

[D.J.:iksˈkə:ʃən]

[K.K.:ɪkˈskɚʒən]

n.

远足, 短途旅行

excursion *

1. excursion excursions
You can refer to a short journey as an excursion , especially if it is made for pleasure or enjoyment.

- In Bermuda, Sam's father took him on an excursion to a coral barrier.

N-COUNT
= trip

2. excursion excursions
An excursion is a trip or visit to an interesting place, especially one that is arranged or recommended by a holiday company or tourist organization.

- We also recommend a full day optional excursion to the Upper Douro.

- Another pleasant excursion is Malaga, 18 miles away.

N-COUNT
= outing

3. excursion excursions
If you describe an activity as an excursion into something, you mean that it is an attempt to develop or understand something new that you have not experienced before.

- ...Radio 3's latest excursion into ethnic music, dance and literature...

- The few excursions into stylistic experiment do not entirely come off.

N-COUNT: usu N into n, oft poss N

excursion

noun

trip

day trip

expedition

jaunt

journey

outing

pleasure trip

ramble

tour

excusable

[iksˈkju:zəbl]

adj.

可原谅的,可容许的,言之有理的,可免除的

excusable

excusable
If you say that someone's wrong words or actions are excusable , you mean that they can be understood and forgiven.

- I then realised that he had made a simple but excusable historical mistake.

ADJ-GRADED
= understandable

excusable

adjective

forgivable

allowable

defensible

justifiable

pardonable

permissible

understandable

warrantable

excuse

[D.J.:iksˈkju:z]

[K.K.:ɪkˈskjuz]

vt.

原谅, 宽恕

使免除

为…辩解

[iksˈkju:s]

n.

理由, 借口, 辩解

原谅, 饶恕

歉意, 道歉

excusing

[ikˈskju:ziŋ]

adj.

辩辞的,辩解的

excuse ***

1. excuse excuses
If you say that there is no excuse for something, you are emphasizing that it should not happen, or expressing disapproval that it has happened.

- It is easy to find excuses for his indecisiveness.

- Once I had had a baby I had the perfect excuse to stay at home.

- If you stop making excuses and do it you'll wonder what took you so long.

- There's no excuse for behaviour like that.

- Solitude was no excuse for sloppiness.

PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR for n/-ing disapproval

2. excuse excuses excusing excused
To excuse someone or excuse their behaviour means to provide reasons for their actions, especially when other people disapprove of these actions.

- He excused himself by saying he was `forced to rob to maintain my wife and cat'.

- That doesn't excuse my mother's behaviour.

VB
= justify

3. excuse excuses excusing excused
If you excuse someone for something wrong that they have done, you forgive them for it.

- Many people might have excused them for shirking some of their responsibilities.

VB
= forgive

4. excuse excuses excusing excused
If someone is excused from a duty or responsibility, they are told that they do not have to carry it out.

- She is usually excused from her duties during the school holidays.

- She was excused duties on Saturday.

VB: usu passive

5. excuse excuses excusing excused
If you excuse yourself, you use a phrase such as `Excuse me' as a polite way of saying that you are about to leave.

- He excused himself and went up to his room.

VB

6. excuse
You say ` Excuse me ' when you want to politely get someone's attention, especially when you are about to ask them a question.

- Excuse me, but are you Mr Honig?

CONVENTION formulae
= pardon me

7. excuse
You use excuse me to apologize to someone when you have disturbed or interrupted them.

- Excuse me interrupting, but there's a thing I feel I've got to say.

CONVENTION formulae

8. excuse
You use excuse me or a phrase such as if you'll excuse me as a polite way of indicating that you are about to leave or that you are about to stop talking to someone.

- `Excuse me,' she said to Jarvis, and left the room.

- Now if you'll excuse me, I've got work to do.

CONVENTION politeness

9. excuse
You use excuse me, but to indicate that you are about to disagree with someone. (mainly BRIT)

- Excuse me, but I want to know what all this has to do with us.

CONVENTION

10. excuse
You say excuse me to apologize when you have bumped into someone, or when you need to move past someone in a crowd.

- Saying excuse me, pardon me, Seaton pushed his way into the crowded living room.

PHR formulae
= sorry

11. excuse
You say excuse me to apologize when you have done something slightly embarrassing or impolite, such as burping, hiccupping, or sneezing.
CONVENTION formulae
= pardon me

12. excuse
You say ` Excuse me? ' to show that you want someone to repeat what they have just said. (AM; in BRIT usually use pardon or sorry )
CONVENTION formulae

excuse

noun

1.

justification

apology

defence

explanation

grounds

mitigation

plea

reason

vindication

verb

2.

justify

apologize for

defend

explain

mitigate

vindicate

3.

forgive

acquit

exculpate

exonerate

make allowances for

overlook

pardon

tolerate

turn a blind eye to

4.

free

absolve

discharge

exempt

let off

release

relieve

spare

ex-directory

[ˌeksdiˈrektəri]

adj.

不记载于电话号码簿的

ex-directory

ex-directory
If a person or their telephone number is ex-directory , the number is not listed in the telephone directory, and the telephone company will not give it to people who ask for it. (BRIT; in AM use unlisted )
ADJ

exec

[D.J.:ɪgˈzek]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɛk]

abbr.

execute 实行

executive 实行的

exec

[D.J.:iɡˈzek]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɛk]

abbr.

execute 实行

executive 实行的

exec

exec execs
Exec is an abbreviation for executive .
N-COUNT

execrable

[D.J.:ˈeksɪkrəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈɛksɪkrəbəl]

adj.

可恶的,讨厌的

execrable

execrable
If you describe something as execrable , you mean that it is very bad or unpleasant. (FORMAL)

- Accusing us of being disloyal to cover his own sorry behavior is truly execrable.

- ...an execrable meal of boiled greens, mashed potato and supermarket meat pie.

ADJ-GRADED
= deplorable

execute

[D.J.:ˈeksikju:t]

[K.K.:ˈɛksɪˌkjut]

vt.

处决

执行, 实现; 使生效

execution

[D.J.:ˌeksiˈkju:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛksɪˈkjuʃən]

n.

依法处决

实行, 执行

演奏, 技巧

execute ***

1. execute executes executing executed
To execute someone means to kill them as a punishment for a serious crime.

- He said nobody had been executed as a direct result of the events.

- One group claimed to have executed the American hostage.

- This boy's father had been executed for conspiring against the throne.

VB

2. execution executions

- Execution by lethal injection is scheduled for July 30th.

N-VAR

3. execute executes executing executed
If you execute a plan, you carry it out. (FORMAL)

- We are going to execute our campaign plan to the letter.

VB

4. execution

- US forces are fully prepared for the execution of any action once the order is given by the president.

N-UNCOUNT

5. execute executes executing executed
If you execute a difficult action or movement, you successfully perform it.

- I executed the hairpin turn high on the sheer western face of the mountains.

- The landing was skilfully executed.

VB

6. execute executes executing executed
When someone executes a work of art, they make or produce it, using an idea as a basis.

- Morris executed a suite of twelve drawings in 1978.

- A well-executed shot of a tall ship is a joy to behold.

VB

7. execution

- The earliest statues tend to be the most raw and immediate in execution and feeling.

N-UNCOUNT

execute

verb

1.

put to death

behead

electrocute

guillotine

hang

kill

shoot

2.

carry out

accomplish

administer

discharge

effect

enact

implement

perform

prosecute

execution

noun

1.

carrying out

accomplishment

administration

enactment

enforcement

implementation

operation

performance

prosecution

2.

killing

capital punishment

hanging

executioner

[D.J.:ˌeksɪˈkju:ʃənə]

[K.K.:ˌɛksɪˈkjuʃənɚ]

n.

行刑者;死刑执行者

executioner

executioner executioners
An executioner is a person who has the job of executing criminals.
N-COUNT

executioner

noun

1.

hangman

headsman

2.

killer

assassin

exterminator

hit man slang

liquidator

murderer

slayer

executive

[D.J.:iɡˈzekjutiv]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv]

n.

主管, 高级行政人员, 执行官

行政部门

adj.

执行的, 行政的; 有行政能力的

executive ****

1. executive executives
An executive is someone who is employed by a business at a senior level. Executives decide what the business should do, and ensure that it is done.

- ...an advertising executive.

- ...Her husband is a senior bank executive.

N-COUNT

2. executive
The executive sections and tasks of an organization are concerned with the making of decisions and with ensuring that decisions are carried out.

- A successful job search needs to be as well organised as any other executive task.

- I don't envisage I will take an executive role, but rather become a consultant on merchandise and marketing.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. executive
Executive goods are expensive goods designed or intended for executives and other people at a similar social or economic level.

- ...an executive briefcase.

- ...a chain of shops specialising in pricey executive toys.

- ...executive cars.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. executive
The executive committee or board of an organization is a committee within that organization which has the authority to make decisions and ensures that these decisions are carried out.

- He sits on the executive committee that manages Lloyds.

- Some executive members have called for his resignation.

N-SING: the N, N n

5. executive

- ...the executive of the National Union of Students.

N-SING: the N

6. executive
The executive is the part of the government of a country that is concerned with carrying out decisions or orders, as opposed to the part that makes laws or the part that deals with criminals.

- The government, the executive and the judiciary are supposed to be separate.

- The matter should be resolved by the executive branch of government.

N-SING: the N, N n

executive

noun

1.

administrator

director

manager

official

2.

administration

directorate

directors

government

hierarchy

leadership

management

adjective

3.

administrative

controlling

decision-making

directing

governing

managerial

executor

[D.J.:ɪgˈzekjətə, ˈeksɪˌkju:tə]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɛkjətɚ, ˈɛksɪˌkjutɚ]

n.

遗嘱执行人

executorship

n.

遗嘱执行人的职务

executory

adj.

行政上的,执行上的;实施中的,有效的

executorship

[iɡˈzekjutəʃip]

n.

遗嘱执行人的职责

executory

[D.J.:eɡˈzekjutəri]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɛkjəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

实行的,未生效的

executor *

executor executors
An executor is someone whose name you write in your will when you want them to be responsible for dealing with your affairs after your death. (LEGAL)
N-COUNT

exegesis

[D.J.:ˌeksəˈdʒi:sɪs]

[K.K.:ˌɛksəˈdʒisɪs]

n.

注释,解释(尤指对基督教《圣经》的注释)

exegetic

adj.

exegetic

[D.J.:ˌeksiˈdʒetik]

[K.K.:ˌɛksəˈdʒɛtɪk]

adj.

评释的,解经的

exegesis

exegesis exegeses
An exegesis is an explanation and interpretation of a piece of writing, especially a religious piece of writing, after very careful study. (FORMAL)

- ...the kind of academic exegesis at which Isaacs excels.

- ...a substantial exegesis of his work.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N of n

exemplar

[D.J.:iɡˈzemplə]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɛmˌplɑr, -plɚ]

n.

模型, 模范

原型, 典型

exemplar

1. exemplar exemplars
An exemplar is someone or something that is considered to be so good that they should be copied or imitated. (FORMAL)

- They viewed their new building as an exemplar of taste.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= example

2. exemplar exemplars
An exemplar is a typical example of a group or class of things. (FORMAL)

- One of the wittiest exemplars of the technique was M. C. Escher.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

exemplarily

adv.

作为模范地,可为鉴戒地

exemplariness

n.

可作模范,可资鉴戒

exemplary

[D.J.:ɪgˈzempləri:]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɛmpləri]

adj.

杰出的;值得效仿的

exemplarily

adv.

杰出地;值得效仿地

exemplariness

n.

杰出,模范

exemplary *

1. exemplary
If you describe someone or something as exemplary , you think they are extremely good.

- Underpinning this success has been an exemplary record of innovation.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. exemplary
An exemplary punishment is unusually harsh and is intended to stop other people from committing similar crimes.

- He demanded exemplary sentences for those behind the violence.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

exemplary

adjective

1.

ideal

admirable

commendable

excellent

fine

good

model

praiseworthy

2.

warning

cautionary

exemplify

[D.J.:iɡˈzemplifai]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɛmpləˌfaɪ]

vt.

是…的典型

例示, 举例证明

exemplify *

exemplify exemplifies exemplifying exemplified
If a person or thing exemplifies something such as a situation, quality, or class of things, they are a typical example of it. (FORMAL)

- The room's style exemplifies Conran's ideal of `beauty and practicality'.

- ...the emotional expressiveness of modern dance as exemplified by the work of Martha Graham.

VB

exemplify

verb

show

demonstrate

display

embody

exhibit

illustrate

represent

serve as an example of

exempt

[D.J.:iɡˈzempt]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɛmpt]

vt.

使免除[豁免]

adj.

被免除…的, 被豁免的

exemption

[D.J.:ɪgˈzempʃən]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɛmpʃən]

n.

(义务等的)免除;免(税)

(收入中的)免税额

exempt **

1. exempt
If someone or something is exempt from a particular rule, duty, or obligation, they do not have to follow it or do it.

- Men in college were exempt from military service.

- Children under two years are exempt.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ from n

2. exempt
Also a combining form.

- The fund was in danger of losing its tax-exempt status.

COMB in ADJ

3. exempt exempts exempting exempted
To exempt a person or thing from a particular rule, duty, or obligation means to state officially that they are not bound or affected by it.

- South Carolina claimed the power to exempt its citizens from the obligation to obey federal law.

- Companies with fifty-five or fewer employees would be exempted from the requirements.

VB

4. exemption exemptions

- ...the exemption of employer-provided health insurance from taxation.

- ...new exemptions for students and the low-paid.

N-VAR: oft N from n

exempt

adjective

1.

immune

excepted

excused

free

not liable

released

spared

verb

2.

grant immunity

absolve

discharge

excuse

free

let off

release

relieve

spare

exemption

noun

immunity

absolution

discharge

dispensation

exception

exoneration

freedom

release

exercise

[D.J.:ˈeksəsaiz]

[K.K.:ˈɛksɚˌsaɪz]

n.

运动, 锻炼

练习, 习题

演习, 操练

使用, 应用

vt. & vi.

锻炼, 训练; 练习

vt.

运用; 行使

exercise ****

1. exercise exercises exercising exercised
If you exercise something such as your authority, your rights, or a good quality, you use it or put it into effect. (FORMAL)

- They are merely exercising their right to free speech.

- `The powers delegated to me,' the President said, `will be exercised with due responsibility.'.

- Britain has warned travellers to exercise prudence and care.

VB

2. exercise
Also a noun.

- Social structures are maintained through the exercise of political and economic power.

- Leadership does not rest on the exercise of force alone.

N-SING: N of n

3. exercise exercises exercising exercised
When you exercise , you move your body energetically in order to get fit and to remain healthy.

- She exercises two or three times a week.

- Never keep on exercising if you have even the slightest chest pain.

- To gradually reduce weight at the same time as exercising the body does a great deal to improve one's health.

VB

4. exercise
Also a noun.

- Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion.

- Aerobic exercise moves our entire body and uses most major muscles.

N-UNCOUNT

5. exercise exercises exercising exercised
If a movement or activity exercises a part of your body, it keeps it strong, healthy, or in good condition.

- They call rowing the perfect sport. It exercises every major muscle group.

VB

6. exercise exercises
Exercises are a series of movements or actions which you do in order to get fit, remain healthy, or practise for a particular physical activity.

- These stomach exercises will tighten abdominal muscles.

- I do special neck and shoulder exercises.

- That's when I try to meditate or do some deep-breathing exercises.

N-COUNT: usu pl

7. exercise exercises
Exercises are military activities and operations which are not part of a real war, but which allow the armed forces to practise for a real war.

- General Powell predicted that in the future it might even be possible to stage joint military exercises.

- The military truck was taking 14 men on exercise in a remote area of Norway.

N-COUNT: usu pl, also on N
= manoeuvres

8. exercise exercises
An exercise is a short activity or piece of work that you do, for example in school, which is designed to help you learn a particular skill.

- Try working through the opening exercises in this chapter.

- He took up piano lessons, combining standard classical exercises with his own attempts at Gershwin.

N-COUNT

9. exercise exercises
Exercises is an official ceremony, in which people make speeches and present awards. (AM)

- Vicky and Gary attended the graduation exercises at Columbia.

N-PLURAL

10. exercise exercises
If you describe an activity as an exercise in a particular quality or result, you mean that it has that quality or result, especially when it was not intended to have it.

- Her morning was an exercise in indecision. She tried on everything in her closet but couldn't remember what he'd liked.

- As an exercise in stating the obvious, this could scarcely be faulted.

- Think what a waste of taxpayers' money the whole exercise was.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N in n/-ing

11. exercise exercises exercising exercised
If something exercises you or your mind, you think or talk about it a great deal, especially because you are worried or concerned about it.

- This has been a major problem exercising the minds of scientists around the world.

- The proper role of appeal judges is an issue that has long exercised the finest legal minds.

VB

exercise

noun

1.

exertion

activity

effort

labour

toil

training

work

work-out

2.

task

drill

lesson

practice

problem

3.

use

application

discharge

fulfilment

implementation

practice

utilization

verb

4.

put to use

apply

bring to bear

employ

exert

use

utilize

5.

train

practise

work out

exercise bike

exercise bike exercise bikes
An exercise bike is a special bicycle which does not move, so that you can exercise on it at home or at a gym.
N-COUNT

exercise book

exercise book exercise books
An exercise book is a small book that students use for writing in. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use notebook )
N-COUNT

exert

[D.J.:iɡˈzə:t]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɚt]

vt.

用(力); 尽(力)

运用, 发挥, 施加

exerted

[iɡˈzə:tid]

adj.

外露的

exertion

[D.J.:ɪgˈzɜ:ʃən]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzə..ʃən]

n.

努力;费力

(能力、权力等的)运用;行使

exert **

1. exert exerts exerting exerted
If someone or something exerts influence, authority, or pressure, they use it in a strong or determined way, especially in order to produce a particular effect. (FORMAL)

- He exerted considerable influence on the thinking of the scientific community on these issues.

- The cyst was causing swelling and exerting pressure on her brain.

VB

2. exert exerts exerting exerted
If you exert yourself, you make a great physical or mental effort, or work hard to do something.

- Youngsters get so absorbed that they don't realise how much they're exerting themselves, visually and mentally.

- Do not exert yourself unnecessarily.

VB

3. exertion exertions

- He clearly found the physical exertion exhilarating.

- Thanks to the exertions of a few sensible and courageous men, the compromise was accepted.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

exert

verb

1.

use

apply

bring to bear

employ

exercise

make use of

utilize

wield

exert oneself

2.

make an effort

apply oneself

do one's best

endeavour

labour

strain

strive

struggle

toil

work

exertion

noun

effort

elbow grease facetious

endeavour

exercise

industry

strain

struggle

toil

exfoliate

[D.J.:eksˈfəulieit]

[K.K.:ɛksˈfoliˌet]

v.

片状剥落,鳞片样脱落,页状剥落;使片状脱落,使鳞片脱落

exfoliation

[eksˌfəuliˈeiʃən]

n.

脱落,脱落物;表皮剥脱

exfoliate

1. exfoliate exfoliates exfoliating exfoliated
To exfoliate your skin means to remove the dead cells from its surface using something such as a brush or a special cream.

- Exfoliate your back at least once a week.

VB

2. exfoliating

- ...a gentle exfoliating cream.

ADJ

3. exfoliation

- There is little doubt that skin does benefit from exfoliation.

N-UNCOUNT

ex gratia

ex gratia
An ex gratia payment is one that is given as a favour or gift and not because it is legally necessary. (mainly BRIT, FORMAL)

- Otherwise, they would not feel compelled to make ex gratia payments to customers they have wronged.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

exhalation

[D.J.:ˌekshəˈleiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛkshəˈleʃən, ˌɛksə-]

n.

呼出,呼气,蒸发,发散物

exhale

[D.J.:eksˈheɪl, ekˈseɪl]

[K.K.:ɛksˈhel, ɛkˈsel]

vt. & vi.

呼出;发散出

exhale *

1. exhale exhales exhaling exhaled
When you exhale , you breathe out the air that is in your lungs. (FORMAL)

- Hold your breath for a moment and exhale.

- Wade exhaled a cloud of smoke and coughed.

VB
= breathe out ≠ inhale

2. exhalation exhalations

- Milton let out his breath in a long exhalation.

- ...the quick exhalation of breath through expanded nostrils.

N-VAR

exhaust

[D.J.:iɡˈzɔ:st]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɔst]

vt.

弄空, 取出

用尽, 耗尽

使非常疲倦

vi.

排气

n.

排气装置, 排气管[孔]

机器排出的废气

exhausted

[D.J.:ɪgˈzɔ:stɪd]

[K.K.: ɪɡˈzɔstɪd]

adj.

耗尽的,用完的

筋疲力尽的；精疲力竭的

exhausting

[D.J.:ɪgˈzɔ:stɪŋ]

[K.K.: ɪɡˈzɔstɪŋ]

adj.

使耗尽的;使人精疲力竭的

exhaust ***

1. exhaust exhausts exhausting exhausted
If something exhausts you, it makes you so tired, either physically or mentally, that you have no energy left.

- Don't exhaust him.

- He took to walking long distances in an attempt to physically exhaust himself.

VB

2. exhausted

- She was too exhausted and distressed to talk about the tragedy.

ADJ-GRADED
= worn out

3. exhausting

- It was an exhausting schedule she had set herself.

ADJ-GRADED
= gruelling

4. exhaust exhausts exhausting exhausted
If you exhaust something such as money or food, you use or finish it all.

- We have exhausted all our material resources.

- They said that food supplies were almost exhausted.

VB

5. exhaust exhausts exhausting exhausted
If you have exhausted a subject or topic, you have talked about it so much that there is nothing more to say about it.

- She and Chantal must have exhausted the subject of babies and clothes.

VB

6. exhaust exhausts
The exhaust or the exhaust pipe is the pipe which carries the gas out of the engine of a vehicle. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

7. exhaust
Exhaust is the gas or steam that is produced when the engine of a vehicle is running.

- ...the exhaust from a car engine...

- The city's streets are filthy and choked with exhaust fumes.

- ...the concentration of car exhausts in the Los Angeles area.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

exhaust

verb

1.

tire out

debilitate

drain

enervate

enfeeble

fatigue

sap

weaken

wear out

2.

use up

consume

deplete

dissipate

expend

run through

spend

squander

waste

exhausted

adjective

1.

worn out

all in slang

debilitated

done in informal

drained

fatigued

knackered slang

spent

tired out

2.

used up

consumed

depleted

dissipated

expended

finished

spent

squandered

wasted

exhausting

adjective

tiring

backbreaking

debilitating

gruelling

laborious

punishing

sapping

strenuous

taxing

exhaustion

[D.J.:ɪgˈzɔ:stʃən]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɔstʃən]

n.

精疲力竭;疲劳

exhaustion *

exhaustion
Exhaustion is the state of being so tired that you have no energy left.

- Staff say he is suffering from exhaustion.

- ...nervous exhaustion.

N-UNCOUNT

exhaustion

noun

1.

tiredness

debilitation

fatigue

weariness

2.

depletion

consumption

emptying

using up

exhaustive

[D.J.:ɪgˈzɔ:stɪv]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɔstɪv]

adj.

全面的, 彻底的, 透彻的

exhaustively

adv.

用尽一切地

exhaustive *

1. exhaustive
If you describe a study, search, or list as exhaustive , you mean that it is very thorough and complete.

- This is by no means an exhaustive list but it gives an indication of the many projects taking place.

- The author's treatment of the subject is exhaustive.

ADJ-GRADED
= comprehensive

2. exhaustively

- Hawley said these costs were scrutinised exhaustively by independent accountants.

- ...an exhaustively researched, sensitively written account.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

exhaustive

adjective

thorough

all-embracing

complete

comprehensive

extensive

full-scale

in-depth

intensive

exhibit

[D.J.:iɡˈzibit]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɪbɪt, ɛɡ-]

vt. & vi.

陈列; 展览

vt.

显示, 显出

n.

展览品, 陈列品

在法庭提出的证物

exhibition

[D.J.:ˌeksiˈbiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛksəˈbɪʃən]

n.

展览, 展览会

表现, 显示

公开示范表演

exhibit **

1. exhibit exhibits exhibiting exhibited
If someone or something shows a particular quality, feeling, or type of behaviour, you can say that they exhibit it. (FORMAL)

- He has exhibited symptoms of anxiety and overwhelming worry.

- Two cats or more in one house will also exhibit territorial behaviour.

- The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.

VB
= demonstrate show

2. exhibit exhibits exhibiting exhibited
When a painting, sculpture, or object of interest is exhibited , it is put in a public place such as a museum or art gallery so that people can come to look at it. You can also say that animals are exhibited in a zoo.

- His work was exhibited in the best galleries in America, Europe and Asia.

- ...a massive elephant exhibited by London Zoo in the late 19th Century.

VB: usu passive

3. exhibition

- Five large pieces of the wall are currently on exhibition in London.

N-UNCOUNT: usu for/on N

4. exhibit exhibits exhibiting exhibited
When artists exhibit , they show their work in public.

- By 1936 she was exhibiting at the Royal Academy.

VB

5. exhibit exhibits
An exhibit is a painting, sculpture, or object of interest that is displayed to the public in a museum or art gallery.

- Shona showed me round the exhibits.

N-COUNT

6. exhibit exhibits
An exhibit is a public display of paintings, sculpture, or objects of interest, for example in a museum or art gallery. (AM; in BRIT use exhibition )

- ...an exhibit at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

N-COUNT

7. exhibit exhibits
An exhibit is an object that a lawyer shows in court as evidence in a legal case.
N-COUNT

8. exhibit exhibits exhibiting exhibited
If you say that someone exhibits something, you mean that they are showing it openly or publicly in order to be admired, noticed, or believed.

- Other women seemed content and even exhibited their bellies with pride.

- He seems to want to exhibit his shame.

VB
= show off

exhibition ***

1. exhibition exhibitions
An exhibition is a public event at which pictures, sculptures, or other objects of interest are displayed, for example at a museum or art gallery.

- ...an exhibition of expressionist art.

- ...an exhibition on the natural history of the area.

N-COUNT

2. exhibition
An exhibition of a particular skilful activity is a display or example of it that people notice or admire.

- He responded in champion's style by treating the fans to an exhibition of power and speed.

N-SING: N of n
= show of

exhibit

verb

display

demonstrate

express

indicate

manifest

parade

put on view

reveal

show

exhibition

noun

display

demonstration

exposition

performance

presentation

representation

show

spectacle

exhibitionism

[D.J.:ˌeksəˈbɪʃəˌnɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˌɛksəˈbɪʃəˌnɪzəm]

n.

<贬>表现狂〔癖〕;风头主义

exhibitionistic

adj.

exhibitionism

exhibitionism
Exhibitionism is behaviour that tries to get people's attention all the time, and especially behaviour that most people think is silly.

- There is an element of exhibitionism in the parents' performance too.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

exhibitionist

[D.J.:ˌeksɪˈbɪʃənɪst]

[K.K.: ˌɛksəˈbɪʃənɪst]

n.

好自我表现者

有裸露癖者；露阴癖者

exhibitionist

exhibitionist exhibitionists
An exhibitionist is someone who tries to get people's attention all the time by behaving in a way that most people think is silly.
N-COUNT disapproval

exhibitor

[iɡˈzibitə]

n.

参展者, 参展商

exhibitor *

exhibitor exhibitors
An exhibitor is a person whose work is being shown in an exhibition.

- Schedules will be sent out to all exhibitors.

N-COUNT

exhilarated

exhilarated
If you are exhilarated by something, it makes you feel very happy and excited. (FORMAL)

- He felt strangely exhilarated by the brisk, blue morning.

- By the week's end I was exhilarated and confused.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= elated

exhilarate

[D.J.:ɪgˈzɪləˌreɪt]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɪləˌret]

vt.

使高兴,使兴奋

exhilarating

adj.

使人高兴的,令人兴奋的

exhilarating

[D.J.:ɪgˈzɪləˌreɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɪləˌretɪŋ]

adj.

令人振奋的;使人高兴的

exhilarating *

exhilarating
If you describe an experience or feeling as exhilarating , you mean that it makes you feel very happy and excited.

- It was exhilarating to be on the road again and his spirits rose.

- ...in the exhilarating days of German unification.

ADJ-GRADED

exhilarating

adjective

exciting

breathtaking

enlivening

invigorating

stimulating

thrilling

exhilaration

[D.J.:ɪgˌzɪləˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪɡˌzɪləˈreʃən]

n.

愉快的心情;高兴

exhilaration

exhilaration
Exhilaration is a strong feeling of excitement and happiness.
N-UNCOUNT

exhort

[D.J.:ɪgˈzɔ:t]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɔrt]

vt. & vi.

劝告,劝说

exhorter

n.

劝勉者,告诫者,提倡者

exhortation

[D.J.:ˌegzɔ:ˈteɪʃən, ˌeksɔ:r-]

[K.K.:ˌɛɡzɔrˈteʃən, ˌɛksɔr-]

n.

敦促,怂恿;极力推荐;(正式的)演讲;(宗教仪式中的)劝诫

exhorter

劝勉者,告诫者,倡导者

exhort *

1. exhort exhorts exhorting exhorted
If you exhort someone to do something, you try hard to persuade or encourage them to do it. (FORMAL)

- Kennedy exhorted his listeners to turn away from violence.

- He exhorted his companions, `Try to accomplish your aim with diligence'.

VB
= urge

2. exhortation exhortations

- Foreign funds alone are clearly not enough, nor are exhortations to reform.

N-VAR

exhort

verb Formal

urge

advise

beseech

call upon

entreat

persuade

press

spur

exhumation

[D.J.:ˌekshju:ˈmeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌ ɛkshjuˈmeʃən]

n.

掘尸;发掘

exhume

[D.J.:ɪgˈzu:m, -ˈzju:m, ɪkˈsju:m, eksˈhju:m]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzum, -ˈzjum, ɪkˈsjum, ɛksˈhjum]

vt.

挖出,发掘出

exhumation

n.

exhume

1. exhume exhumes exhuming exhumed
If a dead person's body is exhumed , it is taken out of the ground where it is buried, especially so that it can be examined in order to find out how the person died. (FORMAL)

- His remains have been exhumed from a cemetery in Queen's, New York City.

VB: usu passive
= disinter

2. exhumation exhumations

- Detectives ordered the exhumation when his wife said she believed he had been killed.

N-VAR

exhume

verb Formal

dig up

disentomb

disinter

unearth

exigency

[D.J.:ˈeksədʒənsi:, ɪgˈzɪdʒən-]

[K.K.:ˈɛksədʒənsi, ɪɡˈzɪdʒən-]

n.

急切的需要；危急

exigency

exigency exigencies
The exigencies of a situation or a job are the demands or difficulties that you have to deal with as part of it. (FORMAL)

- The reduction was caused by the exigencies of a wartime economy.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu N of n

exigency exigence

noun

need

constraint

demand

necessity

requirement

exile

[D.J.:ˈeksail]

[K.K.:ˈɛɡˌzaɪl, ˈɛkˌsaɪl]

vt.

流放, 放逐, 使流亡

n.

流放, 放逐, 流亡

长期离家[出国]

被流放者, 流亡国外者, 背井离乡者

exiled

adj.

流亡的,放逐的

exile ***

1. exile
If someone is living in exile , they are living in a foreign country because they cannot live in their own country, usually for political reasons.

- He is now living in exile in Egypt.

- He returned from exile earlier this year.

- ...after nearly six years of exile...

- During his exile, he also began writing books.

N-UNCOUNT: usu prep N

2. exile exiles exiling exiled
If someone is exiled , they are living in a foreign country because they cannot live in their own country, usually for political reasons.

- His second wife, Hilary, had been widowed, then exiled from South Africa.

- They threatened to exile her in southern Spain.

- ...Haiti's exiled president.

VB

3. exile exiles
An exile is someone who has been exiled.
N-COUNT

4. exile exiles exiling exiled
If you say that someone has been exiled from a particular place or situation, you mean that they have been sent away from it or removed from it against their will.

- He has been exiled from the first team and forced to play in third team matches.

- Michael was exiled to the kitchen for supper.

VB: usu passive
= banish

5. exile
Also a noun.

- Rovers lost 4-1 and began their long exile from the First Division.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N from n

exile

noun

1.

banishment

deportation

expatriation

expulsion

2.

expatriate

deportee

´emigr´e

outcast

refugee

verb

3.

banish

deport

drive out

eject

expatriate

expel

exist

[D.J.:iɡˈzist]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɪst]

vi.

存在, 有

生存, 活下来, 幸存

existing

[D.J.:ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ]

adj.

存在的；现存的；目前的

exist ****

1. exist exists existed
If something exists , it is present in the world as a real thing.

- He thought that if he couldn't see something, it didn't exist.

- Research opportunities exist in a wide range of pure and applied areas of entomology.

- When Alfred Adler first postulated in 1908 that there existed an inborn instinct of aggression Freud argued against it.

VB: no cont

2. exist exists existing existed
To exist means to live, especially under difficult conditions or with very little food or money.

- I exist from one visit to the next.

- I was barely existing.

- ...the problems of having to exist on unemployment benefit.

VB

existing ***

existing
Existing is used to describe something which is now present, available, or in operation, especially when you are contrasting it with something which is planned for the future.

- ...the need to improve existing products and develop new lines...

- Existing timbers are replaced or renewed.

- This facility is open to both new and existing borrowers.

ADJ: ADJ n

exist

verb

1.

be

be present

endure

live

occur

survive

2.

survive

eke out a living

get along or by

keep one's head above water

stay alive

subsist

existence

[D.J.:iɡˈzistəns]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɪstəns]

n.

存在

生存, 生活(方式)

existence ***

1. existence
The existence of something is the fact that it is present in the world as a real thing.

- ...the existence of other galaxies...

- The Congress of People's Deputies in effect voted itself out of existence.

- Public worries about accidents are threatening the very existence of the nuclear power industry.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. existence existences
You can refer to someone's way of life as an existence , especially when they live under difficult conditions.

- You may be stuck with a miserable existence for the rest of your life.

- Their day-to-day existence was routine.

N-COUNT: with supp

existence

noun

being

actuality

life

subsistence

existent

[D.J.:iɡˈzistənt]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɪstənt]

adj.

存在的,生存的,现存的

n.

存在的事物,生存者

existent

existent
You can describe something as existent when it exists. (FORMAL)

- Their remedy lay within the range of existent technology.

ADJ
= existing

See also non-existent .

existent

adjective

in existence

alive

existing

extant

living

present

standing

surviving

existential

[D.J.:ˌeɡzisˈtenʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəl, ˌɛksɪ-]

adj.

有关存在的,存在主义的,存在判断的

existential

1. existential
Existential means relating to human existence and experience. (FORMAL)

- Existential questions requiring religious answers still persist.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. existential
You use existential to describe fear, anxiety, and other feelings that are caused by thinking about human existence and death. (FORMAL)

- `What if there's nothing left at all?' he cries, lost in some intense existential angst.

ADJ: ADJ n

existentialism

[D.J.:eɡziˈstenʃəliz(ə)m]

[K.K.:ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəˌlɪzəm, ˌɛksɪ-]

n.

存在主义

existentialism

existentialism
Existentialism is a philosophy which stresses the importance of human experience, and says that everyone is responsible for the results of their own actions. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

existentialist

[ˌeɡzisˈtenʃəlist]

n.

存在主义者

adj.

存在主义的

existentialist

1. existentialist existentialists
An existentialist is a person who agrees with the philosophy of existentialism.
N-COUNT

2. existentialist
If you describe a person or their philosophy as existentialist , you mean that their beliefs are based on existentialism.

- ...drawing on her existentialist theories.

ADJ

exit

[D.J.:ˈeksit]

[K.K.:ˈɛɡzɪt, ˈɛksɪt]

n.

出口, 通道, 安全门

退出, 退场

vi.

离开; 退场

exit **

1. exit exits
The exit is the door through which you can leave a public building.

- He picked up the case and walked towards the exit.

- There's a fire exit by the downstairs ladies room.

N-COUNT

2. exit exits
An exit on a motorway or highway is a place where traffic can leave it.

- Take the A422 exit at Old Stratford.

N-COUNT: with supp

3. exit exits
If you refer to someone's exit , you are referring to the way that they left a room or building, or the fact that they left it. (FORMAL)

- I made a hasty exit and managed to open the gate.

N-COUNT: usu adj N
= departure

4. exit exits
If you refer to someone's exit , you are referring to the way that they left a situation or activity, or the fact that they left it. (FORMAL)

- ...after England's exit from the European Championship...

- They suggested that she make a dignified exit in the interest of the party.

N-COUNT: oft N from n
= departure

5. exit exits exiting exited
If you exit from a room or building, you leave it. (FORMAL)

- She exits into the tropical storm.

- As I exited the final display, I entered a hexagonal room.

- She walked into the front door of a store and exited from the rear.

VB

exit

noun

1.

way out

door

gate

outlet

2.

departure

exodus

farewell

going

goodbye

leave-taking

retreat

withdrawal

verb

3.

depart

go away

go offstage Theatre

go out

leave

make tracks

retire

retreat

take one's leave

withdraw

exit visa *

exit visa exit visas
An exit visa is an official stamp in someone's passport, or an official document, which allows them to leave the country that they are visiting or living in.
N-COUNT

exodus

[D.J.:ˈeksədəs]

[K.K.:ˈɛksədəs]

n.

出走,外流,撤离；仓促逃离

exodus *

exodus
If there is an exodus of people from a place, a lot of people leave that place at the same time.

- Lieutenant Malcolm said she saw no sign that the exodus from Haiti was abating.

- The medical system is facing collapse because of an exodus of doctors.

N-SING: oft N of n

exodus

noun

departure

evacuation

exit

flight

going out

leaving

migration

retreat

withdrawal

ex officio

ex officio
Ex officio is used to describe something such as a rank or privilege that someone is entitled to because of the job or position they have. (FORMAL)

- ...ex officio members of the Advisory Council...

- They gave me an ex-officio degree.

ADJ: ADJ n

exonerate

[D.J.:ɪgˈzɔnəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɑnəˌret]

vt.

使免罪,免除

exoneration

n.

免罪,免除

exonerative

adj.

免罪的,免除的

exoneration

[D.J.:ɪ gˌz ɔnəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪɡˌz ɑnəˈreʃən]

n.

释罪;免除

exonerative

adj.

免罪的,免除的

exonerate

1. exonerate exonerates exonerating exonerated
If a court, report, or person in authority exonerates someone, they officially say or show that that person is not responsible for something wrong or unpleasant that has happened. (FORMAL)

- The official report basically exonerated everyone.

- An investigation exonerated the school from any blame and recommended only a couple of minor changes.

VB

2. exoneration

- They expected complete exoneration for their clients.

N-UNCOUNT

exonerate

verb

clear

absolve

acquit

discharge

exculpate

excuse

justify

pardon

vindicate

exorbitant

[D.J.:ɪgˈzɔ:bɪtənt]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɔrbɪtənt]

adj.

过度的,极高的

exorbitant

1. exorbitant
If you describe something such as a price or fee as exorbitant , you are emphasizing that it is much greater than it should be.

- Exorbitant housing prices have created an acute shortage of affordable housing for the poor.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= excessive

2. exorbitantly

- ...exorbitantly high salaries.

ADV

exorbitant

adjective

excessive

extortionate

extravagant

immoderate

inordinate

outrageous

preposterous

unreasonable

exorcism

[D.J.:ˈeksɔ:ˌsɪzəm, -sə-]

[K.K.:ˈɛksɔrˌsɪzəm, -sə-]

n.

(以祈祷或符咒)驱邪

用魔法召鬼魂

exorcist

[ˈeksɔ:sist]

n.

驱魔的人,召魂者

exorcize

[D.J.:ˈeksɔ:saɪz]

vt.

(用祈祷等)驱除(恶魔);给(某人、某地)驱除妖魔

exorcism

n.

exorcist

n.

exorcism

exorcism exorcisms
Exorcism is the removing of evil spirits from a person or place by the use of prayer.

- The exorcism was broadcast on television.

N-VAR

exorcist

exorcist exorcists
An exorcist is someone who performs exorcisms.
N-COUNT

exorcize

1. exorcize exorcizes exorcizing exorcized
If you exorcize a painful or unhappy memory, you succeed in removing it from your mind.

- He confronted his childhood trauma and tried to exorcise the pain.

- The birth of my second daughter has finally exorcised these feelings of guilt.

VB (BRIT) also exorcise

2. exorcize exorcizes exorcizing exorcized
To exorcize an evil spirit or to exorcize a place or person means to force the spirit to leave the place or person by means of prayers and religious ceremonies.

- They came to our house and exorcised me.

- Last year, a 15-year-old girl, alleged to be possessed by the devil, was exorcised live on TV.

VB (BRIT) also exorcise

exotic

[iɡˈzɔtik]

adj.

由外国引进的, 非本地的

奇异的, 醒目的, 吸引人的

exotic **

1. exotic
Something that is exotic is unusual and interesting, usually because it comes from or is related to a distant country.

- ...brilliantly coloured, exotic flowers...

- She flits from one exotic location to another.

ADJ-GRADED

2. exotically

- ...exotically beautiful scenery.

ADV-GRADED

exotic

adjective

1.

unusual

colourful

fascinating

glamorous

mysterious

strange

striking

unfamiliar

2.

foreign

alien

external

imported

naturalized

exotica

[D.J.:iɡˈzɔtikə]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɑtɪkə]

n.

异族事物,新奇事物

exotica

exotica
You use exotica to refer to objects which you think are unusual and interesting, usually because they come from or are related to a distant country.
N-PLURAL

exoticism

[D.J.:iɡˈzɔtisizəm]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzɑtɪˌsɪzəm]

n.

异国情调,异国风味,对外国事物的兴趣

exoticism

exoticism
Exoticism is the quality of seeming unusual or interesting, usually because of associations with a distant country.
N-UNCOUNT

expand

[D.J.:iksˈpænd]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspænd]

vt. & vi.

使…变大, 扩大, 扩张

伸展, 伸开, 张开, 展开

expanded

[iksˈpændid]

adj.

膨胀的;扩大[张]的;延伸的;展[张]开的

expanding

[iksˈpændiŋ]

adj.

展开的,扩大的

expand ***

1. expand expands expanding expanded
If something expands or is expanded , it becomes larger.

- Engineers noticed that the pipes were not expanding as expected.

- The money supply expanded by 14.6 per cent in the year to September.

- We have to expand the size of the image.

- ...a rapidly expanding universe.

- ...strips of expanded polystyrene.

V-ERG

2. expand expands expanding expanded
If something such as a business, organization, or service expands , or if you expand it, it becomes bigger and includes more people, goods, or activities.

- The popular ceramics industry expanded towards the middle of the 19th century.

- The interest rate's coming down. I'll be able to expand or stay in business.

- I owned a bookshop and desired to expand the business.

- Health officials are proposing to expand their services by organising counselling.

V-ERG

expand

verb

1.

increase

amplify

broaden

develop

enlarge

extend

grow

magnify

swell

widen

2.

spread (out)

diffuse

stretch (out)

unfold

unfurl

unravel

unroll

expand on

3.

go into detail about

amplify

develop

elaborate on

embellish

enlarge on

expatiate on

expound on

flesh out

expand on, expand upon ***

expand on expands on; expanding on; expanded on
If you expand on or expand upon something, you give more information or details about it when you write or talk about it.

- The president used today's speech to expand on remarks he made last month.

- ...a view that I will expand upon below.

PHR-V
= enlarge on

expanse

[D.J.:ɪkˈspæns]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspæns]

n.

广阔的区域

expanse *

expanse expanses
An expanse of something, usually sea, sky, or land, is a very large amount of it.

- ...a vast expanse of grassland.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

expanse

noun

area

breadth

extent

range

space

stretch

sweep

tract

expansion

[D.J.:iksˈpænʃən]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspænʃən]

n.

扩大, 扩张, 扩展, 膨胀

扩张物, 膨胀物

expansion ***

expansion expansions
Expansion is the process of becoming greater in size, number, or amount.

- ...the rapid expansion of private health insurance.

- ...a new period of economic expansion...

- The company has abandoned plans for further expansion.

N-VAR: oft N of n
= growth

expansion

noun

increase

amplification

development

enlargement

growth

magnification

opening out

spread

expansionary

[D.J.:ikˈspænʃənəri]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspænʃəˌnɛri]

adj.

扩张性的,膨胀的

expansionary

1. expansionary
Expansionary economic policies are intended to expand the economy of a country.

- They demanded a more expansionary economy to combat rising unemployment.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. expansionary
Expansionary policies or actions are intended to increase the amount of land that a particular country rules.

- In those days they shared America's concerns about Soviet expansionary objectives.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

expansionism

[D.J.:ikˈspænʃəniz(ə)m]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspænʃəˌnɪzəm]

n.

膨胀主义

expansionism

expansionism
If you refer to a country's expansionism , you disapprove of its policy of increasing its land or power.

- Soviet expansionism was considered a real threat.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

expansionist

[ikˈspænʃənist]

n.

扩张主义者,领土扩张论者

adj.

扩张主义的

expansionist

expansionist
If you describe a country or organization as expansionist , you disapprove of it because it has a policy of increasing its land or power.

- ...the intended victim of his expansionist foreign policy.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

expansive

[D.J.:ɪkˈspænsɪv]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspænsɪv]

adj.

可扩大的, 可扩展的;广阔的;胸襟开阔的, 开朗的

expansively

adv.

可扩张地,辽阔地

expansive *

1. expansive
If something is expansive , it covers or includes a large area or many things. (FORMAL)

- There also are several swing sets and an expansive grassy play area.

- They have played an expansive style of rugby.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. expansive
If you are expansive , you talk a lot, or are friendly or generous, because you are feeling happy and relaxed.

- He was becoming more expansive as he relaxed.

- The premier was in expansive mood.

ADJ-GRADED

3. expansively

- `I'm here to make them feel good,' he says expansively.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

4. expansive
If you describe something such as a period of time or an economy as expansive , you mean that it is associated with growth or expansion.

- First of all, there must exist an active and expansive market economy, which is a necessary but not sufficient condition for progress.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

expansive

adjective

1.

wide

broad

extensive

far-reaching

voluminous

wide-ranging

widespread

2.

talkative

affable

communicative

effusive

friendly

loquacious

open

outgoing

sociable

unreserved

expat

[D.J.:ˈeksˈpeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɛksˈpet]

v.

逐出国外,脱离国籍,放逐;移居国外

n.

亡命国外者

expat

expat expats
An expat is the same as an expatriate . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...exclusive country clubs for British expats.

N-COUNT

expatriate

[D.J.:ekˈspeɪtri:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ɛkˈspetriˌet]

n.

侨民；放弃本国国籍的人

expatriate *

1. expatriate expatriates
An expatriate is someone who is living in a country which is not their own.

- ...British expatriates in Spain.

N-COUNT

2. expatriate
Also an adjective.

- The French military is preparing to evacuate women and children of expatriate families.

ADJ: ADJ n

expatriate

adjective

1.

exiled

banished

emigrant

´emigr´e

noun

2.

exile

emigrant

´emigr´e

refugee

expect

[D.J.:iksˈpekt]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspɛkt]

vt.

预料; 预期

认为(某事)会发生; 认为(某人)会来; 预计

理应得到; 期望, 期待; 期盼

猜想; 认为某事是真实的

expecting

[ikˈspektiŋ]

adj.

怀孕的

expect *****

1. expect expects expecting expected
If you expect something to happen, you believe that it will happen.

- ...a council workman who expects to lose his job in the next few weeks...

- They no longer expect corporate profits to improve.

- The talks are expected to continue until tomorrow.

- Few expected that he would declare his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for the presidency.

- It is expected that the new owner will change the yacht's name.

- They expect a gradual improvement in sales of new cars.

VB

2. expect expects expecting expected
If you are expecting something or someone, you believe that they will be delivered to you or come to you soon, often because this has been arranged earlier.

- I am expecting several important letters but nothing has arrived.

- I wasn't expecting a visitor.

- We were expecting him home again any day now.

VB: usu cont

3. expect expects expecting expected
If you expect something, or expect a person to do something, you believe that it is your right to have that thing, or the person's duty to do it for you.

- He wasn't expecting our hospitality.

- I do expect to have some time to myself in the evenings.

- I wasn't expecting you to help.

- Is this a rational thing to expect of your partner, or not?.

- She realizes now she expected too much of Helen.

VB

4. expect expects expecting expected
If you tell someone not to expect something, you mean that the thing is unlikely to happen as they have planned or imagined, and they should not hope that it will.

- Don't expect an instant cure.

- You cannot expect to like all the people you will work with.

- Don't expect me to come and visit you there.

VB: with brd-neg

5. expect expects expecting expected
If you say that a woman is expecting a baby, or that she is expecting , you mean that she is pregnant.

- She was expecting another baby.

- I hear Dawn's expecting again.

VB: only cont

6. expect
You say ` I expect ' to suggest that a statement is probably correct, or a natural consequence of the present situation, although you have no definite knowledge. (SPOKEN)

- I expect you can guess what follows.

- I expect you're tired.

- `Will Joe be here at Christmas?' --- `I expect so.'.

- `I don't think you have much of a case.' --- `I expect not.'

PHR: PHR that, PHR so/not

7. expect
You can say ` What can you expect? ' or ` What do you expect? ' to emphasize that there is nothing surprising about a situation or a person's behaviour, especially if you find this disappointing. (SPOKEN)

- It tastes artificial, but at that price what can you expect?.

- If a guy hunts and owns guns, what do you expect?

PHR emphasis

expect

verb

1.

think

assume

believe

imagine

presume

reckon

suppose

surmise

trust

2.

look forward to

anticipate

await

contemplate

envisage

hope for

predict

watch for

3.

require

call for

demand

insist on

want

expectancy

[D.J.:ɪkˈspektənsi:]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspɛktənsi]

n.

期待;期望

expectancy *

expectancy
Expectancy is the feeling or hope that something exciting, interesting, or good is about to happen.

- The supporters had a tremendous air of expectancy.

N-UNCOUNT
= anticipation

See also life expectancy .

expectant

[D.J.:ɪkˈspektənt]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspɛktənt]

adj.

期待的, 期望的

expectantly

[D.J.:ɪksˈpektəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪksˈp ɛktəntlɪ]

adv.

期待地;期望地

expectant *

1. expectant
If someone is expectant , they are excited because they think something interesting is about to happen.

- An expectant crowd gathered.

- She turned to me with an expectant look on her face.

ADJ-GRADED

2. expectantly

- The others waited, looking at him expectantly.

ADV: ADV after v

3. expectant
An expectant mother or father is someone whose baby is going to be born soon.
ADJ: ADJ n

expectant

adjective

1.

expecting

anticipating

apprehensive

eager

hopeful

in suspense

ready

watchful

2.

pregnant

expecting informal

gravid

expectation

[D.J.:ˌekspekˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛkspɛkˈteʃən]

n.

预料; 期望

有信心的指望

expectation ***

1. expectation
Your expectations are your strong hopes or beliefs that something will happen or that you will get something that you want.

- Students' expectations were as varied as their expertise.

- The car has been General Motors' most visible success story, with sales far exceeding expectations.

- The Chancellor's statement lowers expectations of an early election.

- Contrary to general expectation, he announced that all four had given their approval.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. expectation expectations
A person's expectations are strong beliefs which they have about the proper way someone should behave or something should happen.

- Stephen Chase had determined to live up to the expectations of the Company.

- ...the expectation that the grieving process should have a time limit on it.

N-COUNT: usu pl

expectation

noun

1.

probability

assumption

belief

conjecture

forecast

likelihood

presumption

supposition

2.

anticipation

apprehension

expectancy

hope

promise

suspense

expectorant

[D.J.:iksˈpektərənt]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspɛktərənt]

adj.

化痰的

n.

除痰剂

expectorant

expectorant expectorants
An expectorant is a cough medicine that helps you to cough up mucus from your lungs. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

expediency

[D.J.:ɪkˈspi:di:ənsi:]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspidiənsi]

n.

适宜;方便;合算

利己；权术；权宜之计

expediency

expediency
Expediency means doing what is convenient rather than what is morally right. (FORMAL)

- It seems political expediency, rather than absolute economic need, will determine who gains from the conflict.

- This was a matter less of morals than of expediency.

N-UNCOUNT
= convenience

expediency

noun

suitability

advisability

benefit

convenience

pragmatism

profitability

prudence

usefulness

utility

expedient

[D.J.:ɪkˈspi:di:ənt]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspidiənt]

adj.

应急有效的;权宜之计的

expedient *

1. expedient expedients
An expedient is an action that achieves a particular purpose, but may not be morally right.

- Surgical waiting lists were reduced by the simple expedient of striking off all patients awaiting varicose vein operations.

- The story was a temporary expedient.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of -ing

2. expedient
If it is expedient to do something, it is useful or convenient to do it, even though it may not be morally right.

- Governments frequently ignore human rights abuses in other countries if it is politically expedient to do so.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

expedient

noun

1.

means

contrivance

device

makeshift

measure

method

resort

scheme

stopgap

adjective

2.

advantageous

appropriate

beneficial

convenient

effective

helpful

opportune

practical

suitable

useful

expedite

[D.J.:ˈekspɪˌdaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɛkspɪˌdaɪt]

vt.

加快进展

迅速完成

expedite

expedite expedites expediting expedited
If you expedite something, you cause it to be done more quickly. (FORMAL)

- The government has been extremely reluctant to expedite investigations that might result in his trial.

- We tried to help you expedite your plans.

VB
= speed up

expedition

[D.J.:ˌekspiˈdiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛkspɪˈdɪʃən]

n.

远征; 探险; 考察

迅速, 动作敏捷

expedition **

1. expedition expeditions
An expedition is an organized journey that is made for a particular purpose such as exploration.

- ...Byrd's 1928 expedition to Antarctica.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

2. expedition expeditions
You can refer to a group of people who are going on an expedition as an expedition .

- Forty-three members of the expedition were killed.

N-COUNT

3. expedition expeditions
An expedition is a short journey or trip that you make for pleasure.

- Caroline joined them on the shopping expeditions.

- ...a fishing expedition.

N-COUNT
= trip

expedition

noun

journey

excursion

mission

quest

safari

tour

trek

voyage

expeditionary force

expeditionary force expeditionary forces
An expeditionary force is a group of soldiers who are sent to fight in a foreign country. (MILITARY)
N-COUNT

expeditious

[D.J.:ˌekspɪˈdɪʃəs]

[K.K.:ˌɛkspɪˈdɪʃəs]

adj.

迅速而有效率的,迅速完成的

expeditiously

adv.

迅速地,敏捷地

expeditious

1. expeditious
Expeditious means quick and efficient. (FORMAL)

- The judge said that arbitration was a fair and expeditious decision-making process.

ADJ-GRADED

2. expeditiously

- The matter has certainly been handled expeditiously by the authorities.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

expel

[D.J.:iksˈpel]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspɛl]

vt.

驱逐, 赶走, 放逐

把…除名, 把…开除

排出

expel **

1. expel expels expelling expelled
If someone is expelled from a school or organization, they are officially told to leave because they have behaved badly.

- More than five-thousand secondary school students have been expelled for cheating.

- ...the mother of a 14-year-old boy expelled from school for refusing to take a shower.

VB: usu passive

2. expel expels expelling expelled
If people are expelled from a place, they are made to leave it, often by force.

- An American academic was expelled from the country yesterday.

- They were told at first that they should simply expel the refugees.

VB

3. expel expels expelling expelled
To expel something means to force it out from a container or from your body.

- Daily brushing of the skin helps the skin expel toxins.

- As the lungs exhale this waste, gas is expelled into the atmosphere.

VB

expel

verb

1.

drive out

belch

cast out

discharge

eject

remove

spew

2.

dismiss

ban

banish

drum out

evict

exclude

exile

throw out

turf out informal

expend

[D.J.:iksˈpend]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspɛnd]

vt.

花费, 使用(钱等)做某事

用光; 耗尽

expend *

expend expends expending expended
To expend something, especially energy, time, or money, means to use it or spend it. (FORMAL)

- Children expend a lot of energy and may need more high-energy food than adults.

VB

expend

verb Formal

spend

consume

dissipate

exhaust

go through

pay out

use (up)

expendable

[D.J.:ɪkˈspendəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspɛndəbəl]

adj.

可消费的,值得消耗的

expendable

expendable
If you regard someone or something as expendable , you think it is acceptable to get rid of them, abandon them, or allow them to be destroyed when they are no longer needed. (FORMAL)

- Once our services cease to be useful to them, we're expendable.

- During the recession, training budgets were seen as an expendable luxury.

- ...an expendable rocket.

ADJ-GRADED

expendable

adjective

dispensable

inessential

nonessential

replaceable

unimportant

unnecessary

expenditure

[D.J.:iksˈpenditʃə]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspɛndətʃɚ]

n.

花费, 使用

(尤指金钱的)支出额

expenditure **

1. expenditure expenditures
Expenditure is the spending of money on something, or the money that is spent on something. (FORMAL)

- Policies of tax reduction must lead to reduced public expenditure.

- They should cut their expenditure on defence.

- An expenditure for clothing will qualify as a trade or business expense.

N-VAR

2. expenditure
Expenditure of something such as time or energy is the using of that thing for a particular purpose. (FORMAL)

- The financial rewards justified the expenditure of effort.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

expenditure

noun

spending

consumption

cost

expense

outgoings

outlay

output

payment

expense

[D.J.:iksˈpens]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspɛns]

n.

消耗, 花费

花费的钱, 费用

expenses

n.

费用,开支

expense ***

1. expense expenses
Expense is the money that something costs you or that you need to spend in order to do something.

- He's bought a specially big TV at vast expense so that everyone can see properly.

- To avoid extra expense and mess later on, try to decide on fittings before the plastering's finished.

- It was not a fortune but would help to cover household expenses.

N-VAR

2. expense expenses
Expenses are amounts of money that you spend while doing something in the course of your work, which will be paid back to you afterwards.

- As a member of the International Olympic Committee her fares and hotel expenses were paid by the IOC.

- Can you claim this back on expenses?

N-PLURAL: oft poss N

3. expense
If you do something at someone's expense , they provide the money for it.

- Should architects continue to be trained for five years at public expense?.

- Teachers who signed up did so out of personal choice and at their own expense.

PHR: PHR after v

4. expense
If someone laughs or makes a joke at your expense , they do it to make you seem foolish.

- I think he's having fun at our expense.

PHR: PHR after v

5. expense
If you achieve something at the expense of someone, you do it in a way which might cause them some harm or disadvantage.

- But skeptics worry that costs may be trimmed at the expense of the patient.

- According to this study, women have made notable gains at the expense of men.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n

6. expense
If you say that someone does something at the expense of another thing, you are expressing concern at the fact that they are not doing the second thing, because the first thing uses all their resources.

- They are worth having but not at the expense of better services.

- The orchestra has more discipline now, but at the expense of spirit.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n disapproval

7. expense
If you go to the expense of doing something, you do something which costs a lot of money. If you go to great expense to do something, you spend a lot of money in order to achieve it.

- Why go to the expense of buying an electric saw when you can hire one?.

- It was said that he went to great expense to install a lift in the building.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR of -ing, PHR to-inf

expense

noun

cost

charge

expenditure

loss

outlay

payment

spending

expense account

expense account expense accounts
An expense account is an arrangement between an employer and an employee which allows the employee to spend the company's money on things relating to their job, for example travelling or looking after clients.

- He put Elizabeth's motel bill and airfare on his expense account.

- ...expense account lunches.

N-COUNT

expensive

[D.J.:iksˈpensiv]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspɛnsɪv]

adj.

昂贵的, 花钱多的

expensively

adv.

昂贵地,高价地

expensive ****

1. expensive
If something is expensive , it costs a lot of money.

- Wine's so expensive in this country.

- I get very nervous because I'm using a lot of expensive equipment.

ADJ-GRADED
= costly ≠ cheap

2. expensively

- She was expensively dressed, with fine furs and jewels.

- They do a third-rate job very expensively.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed, ADV after v
≠ cheaply

expensive

adjective

dear

costly

exorbitant

extravagant

high-priced

lavish

overpriced

steep informal

stiff

experience

[D.J.:iksˈpiəriəns]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspɪriəns]

n.

经验, 体验

经历; 阅历; 感受, 体会

vt.

经历, 体验; 感受, 遭受

experienced

[D.J.:ɪkˈspɪəri:ənst]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspɪriənst]

adj.

有经验的, 老练的, 经验丰富的

experience *****

1. experience
Experience is knowledge or skill in a particular job or activity, which you have gained because you have done that job or activity for a long time.

- He has also had managerial experience on every level.

- He's counting on his mother to take care of the twins for him; she's had plenty of experience with them.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. experience
Experience is used to refer to the past events, knowledge, and feelings that make up someone's life or character.

- I should not be in any danger here, but experience has taught me caution.

- She had learned from experience to take little rests in between her daily routine.

- `If you act afraid, they won't let go,' he says, speaking from experience.

N-UNCOUNT

3. experience experiences
An experience is something that you do or that happens to you, especially something important that affects you.

- Moving had become a common experience for me.

- His only experience of gardening so far proved immensely satisfying.

- Many of his clients are unbelievably nervous, usually because of a bad experience in the past.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. experience experiences experiencing experienced
If you experience a particular situation, you are in that situation or it happens to you.

- We had never experienced this kind of holiday before and had no idea what to expect.

- British business is now experiencing a severe recession.

VB

5. experience experiences experiencing experienced
If you experience a feeling, you feel it or are affected by it.

- Widows seem to experience more distress than do widowers.

VB

6. experience
Also a noun.

- ...the experience of pain.

N-SING: the N of n

experienced **

experienced
If you describe someone as experienced , you mean that they have been doing a particular job or activity for a long time, and therefore know a lot about it or are very skilful at it.

- ...lawyers who are experienced in these matters...

- It's a team packed with experienced and mature professionals.

- Perhaps I'm a bit more experienced about life than my contemporaries.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ in n/-ing

experience

noun

1.

knowledge

contact

exposure

familiarity

involvement

participation

practice

training

2.

event

adventure

affair

encounter

episode

happening

incident

occurrence

verb

3.

undergo

encounter

endure

face

feel

go through

live through

sample

taste

experienced

adjective

knowledgeable

accomplished

expert

practised

seasoned

tested

tried

veteran

well-versed

experiential

[D.J.:iksˌpiəriˈenʃəl]

[K.K.:ɪkˌspɪriˈɛnʃəl]

adj.

经验的,经验上的,根据经验的

experiential

experiential
Experiential means relating to or resulting from experience. (FORMAL)

- Learning has got to be active and experiential.

- ...the rediscovery of the experiential path of religious truth.

ADJ

experiment

[D.J.:iksˈperimənt]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspɛrəmənt]

n.

实验, 试验

vi.

做试验; 试验

experimentation

[D.J.:ɪkˌsperəmenˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪkˌspɛrəmɛnˈteʃən]

n.

实验,实验的方法

experimenter

n.

实验者

experiment ***

1. experiment experiments
An experiment is a scientific test which is done in order to discover what happens to something in particular conditions.

- The astronauts are conducting a series of experiments to learn more about how the body adapts to weightlessness.

- ...a proposed new law on animal experiments...

- This question can be answered only by experiment.

N-VAR

2. experiment experiments experimenting experimented
If you experiment with something or experiment on it, you do a scientific test on it in order to discover what happens to it in particular conditions.

- In 1857 Mendel started experimenting with peas in his monastery garden.

- The scientists have experimented on the tiny neck arteries of rats.

- The scientists have already experimented at each other's test sites.

VB

3. experimentation

- ...the ethical aspects of animal experimentation.

N-UNCOUNT

4. experimenter experimenters

- When the experimenters repeated the tests on themselves, they observed an exactly opposite effect.

N-COUNT

5. experiment experiments
An experiment is the trying out of a new idea or method in order to see what it is like and what effects it has.

- As an experiment, we bought Ted a watch.

- ...the country's five year experiment in democracy...

- She needs plenty of room for experiment in her life.

N-VAR

6. experiment experiments experimenting experimented
To experiment means to try out a new idea or method to see what it is like and what effects it has.

- ...if you like cooking and have the time to experiment...

- He believes that students should be encouraged to experiment with bold ideas.

VB

7. experimentation

- Decentralization and experimentation must be encouraged.

- His stories about his sexual experimentation were more bravado than fact.

N-UNCOUNT

experiment

noun

1.

test

examination

experimentation

investigation

procedure

proof

research

trial

trial run

verb

2.

test

examine

investigate

put to the test

research

sample

try

verify

experimental

[D.J.:iksˌperiˈmentəl]

[K.K.:ɪkˌspɛrəˈmɛntl]

adj.

实验(性)的, 试验(性)的

experimentally

[D.J.:ɪksˌperɪˈmentəlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪkˌsp ɛrəˈm ɛnt l..]

adv.

实验(性)地;试验(性)地

根据实验地;实验上

experimental **

1. experimental
Something that is experimental is new or uses new ideas or methods, and might be modified later if it is unsuccessful.

- ...an experimental air conditioning system...

- He tends to write bizarre and highly experimental pieces of music.

- The technique is experimental, but the list of its practitioners is growing.

ADJ-GRADED

2. experimental
Experimental means using, used in, or resulting from scientific experiments.

- ...the main techniques of experimental science.

- ...the use of experimental animals...

- We have experimental and observational evidence concerning things which happened before and after the origin of life.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. experimentally

- ...an ecology laboratory, where communities of species can be studied experimentally under controlled conditions.

ADV: ADV with v

4. experimental
An experimental action is done in order to see what it is like, or what effects it has.

- The British Sports Minister is reported to be ready to argue for an experimental lifting of the ban.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

5. experimentally

- This system is being tried out experimentally at many universities.

- Before opening the front door he lifted the cases experimentally.

ADV: ADV with v

experimental

adjective

test

exploratory

pilot

preliminary

probationary

provisional

speculative

tentative

trial

trial-and-error

expert

[D.J.:ˈekspə:t]

[K.K.:ˈɛkˌspɚt]

n.

专家, 能手

adj.

专家的, 内行的, 熟练的

expertly

[D.J.:ˈekspətlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈ ɛkspɚtlɪ]

adv.

熟练地;巧妙地

expert ****

1. expert experts
An expert is a person who is very skilled at doing something or who knows a lot about a particular subject.

- Our team of experts will be on hand to offer help and advice between 12 noon and 7pm daily.

- ...a yoga expert.

- ...an expert on trade in that area.

N-COUNT: oft n N, N on n
= specialist

2. expert
Someone who is expert at doing something is very skilled at it.

- The Japanese are expert at lowering manufacturing costs.

- There is a great deal to learn from Hal's expert approach.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ at -ing
= skilled

3. expertly

- Shopkeepers expertly rolled spices up in bay leaves.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

4. expert
If you say that someone has expert hands or an expert eye, you mean that they are very skilful or experienced in using their hands or eyes for a particular purpose.

- When the horse suffered a back injury Harvey cured it with his own expert hands.

- The symptoms are very mild and it takes an expert eye to see them.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

5. expert
Expert advice or help is given by someone who has studied a subject thoroughly or who is very skilled at a particular job.

- You'll also get expert advice on keeping your hair in good condition.

- We'll need an expert opinion.

- The good news is that expert help is now available.

ADJ: ADJ n

expert

noun

1.

master

authority

connoisseur

dab hand Brit. informal

past master

professional

specialist

virtuoso

adjective

2.

skilful

adept

adroit

experienced

masterly

practised

professional

proficient

qualified

virtuoso

expertise

[ˌekspəˈti:z]

n.

专门知识或技能

expertise **

expertise
Expertise is special skill or knowledge that is acquired by training, study, or practice.

- The problem is that most local authorities lack the expertise to deal sensibly in this market.

N-UNCOUNT

expertise

noun

skill

adroitness

command

facility

judgment

know-how informal

knowledge

mastery

proficiency

expiate

[D.J.:ˈekspi:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɛkspiˌet]

vt.

<正>为(所犯罪过)接受惩罚;赎(罪)

expiation

[D.J.:ˌekspiˈeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛkspiˈeʃən]

n.

赎罪,补偿

expiate

1. expiate expiates expiating expiated
If you expiate guilty feelings or bad behaviour, you do something to indicate that you are sorry for what you have done. (FORMAL)

- It seemed that Alice was expiating her father's sins with her charity work.

VB

2. expiation

- They went through an often painful process of evaluation and expiation.

N-UNCOUNT

expiration

[D.J.:ˌekspɪˈreɪʃɵn]

[K.K.:ˌɛkspəˈreʃən]

n.

满期，届期；截止，告终

呼气，吐气；(气的)呼出；呼出物；嘘出的声音

expiration

expiration
The expiration of a fixed period of time is its ending. (FORMAL)

- He met with officials a few hours before the expiration of the midnight deadline.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

expire

[D.J.:iksˈpaiə]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspaɪr]

vi.

期满, (期限)终止

断气, 死亡

expire **

1. expire expires expiring expired
When something such as a contract, deadline, or visa expires , it comes to an end or is no longer valid.

- He had lived illegally in the United States for five years after his visitor's visa expired.

VB
= run out

2. expire expires expiring expired
When someone expires , they die. (LITERARY)

- He endured excruciating agonies before he finally expired.

VB
= die

expire

verb

1.

finish

cease

close

come to an end

conclude

end

lapse

run out

stop

terminate

2.

breathe out

emit

exhale

expel

3.

die

depart

kick the bucket informal

pass away or on

perish

expiry

[D.J.:ikˈspaiəri]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspaɪri]

n.

终止; 满期, 届期

expiry

expiry
The expiry of something such as a contract, deadline, or visa is the time that it comes to an end or stops being valid.

- ...the expiry of a fixed term contract...

- Make a note of credit card numbers and check expiry dates.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n, N n

explain

[D.J.:iksˈplein]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsplen]

vt. & vi.

讲解, 解释

vt.

说明…的原因; 辩解

explain ****

1. explain explains explaining explained
If you explain something, you give details about it or describe it so that it can be understood.

- Not every judge, however, has the ability to explain the law in simple terms.

- Don't sign anything until your solicitor has explained the contract to you.

- Professor Griffiths explained how the drug appears to work.

- `He and Mrs Stein have a plan,' she explained.

- I explained that each person has different ideas of what freedom is.

VB

2. explain explains explaining explained
If you explain something that has happened, you give people reasons for it, especially in an attempt to justify it.

- `Let me explain, sir.' --- `Don't tell me about it. I don't want to know.'.

- Before she ran away, she left a note explaining her actions.

- Hospital discipline was broken. Amy would have to explain herself.

- Explain why you didn't telephone.

- The receptionist apologized for the delay, explaining that it had been a hectic day.

VB

explain

verb

1.

make clear or plain

clarify

clear up

define

describe

elucidate

expound

resolve

teach

2.

account for

excuse

give a reason for

justify

explain away ****

explain away explains away; explaining away; explained away
If someone explains away a mistake or a bad situation they are responsible for, they try to indicate that it is unimportant or that it is not really their fault.

- He evaded her questions about the war and tried to explain away the atrocities.

- I had noticed blood on my husband's clothing but he explained it away.

PHR-V

explanation

[D.J.:ˌekspləˈneiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛkspləˈneʃən]

n.

解释, 说明

能说明某事缘由的言语、事实、情况等

explanation ***

1. explanation explanations
If you give an explanation of something that has happened, you give people reasons for it, especially in an attempt to justify it.

- She told the court she would give a full explanation of the prosecution's decision on Monday.

- There was a hint of schoolboy shyness in his explanation.

- `It's my ulcer,' he added by way of explanation.

N-COUNT: also of/in N

2. explanation explanations
If you say there is an explanation for something, you mean that there is a reason for it.

- The deputy airport manager said there was no apparent explanation for the crash.

- Digging further into the medical literature, I found out there was a scientific explanation for all this.

- It's the only explanation I can think of.

N-COUNT: oft N for n
= reason

3. explanation explanations
If you give an explanation of something, you give details about it or describe it so that it can be understood.

- Haig was immediately impressed by Charteris's expertise and by his lucid explanation of the work.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

explanation

noun

1.

reason

account

answer

excuse

justification

motive

vindication

2.

description

clarification

definition

elucidation

illustration

interpretation

explanatory

[D.J.:ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

解释的, 说明的

explanatory *

explanatory
Explanatory statements or theories are intended to make people understand something by describing it or giving the reasons for it. (FORMAL)

- These statements are accompanied by a series of explanatory notes.

- The concept was later seen to have explanatory power.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

explanatory

adjective

descriptive

illustrative

interpretive

expletive

[D.J.:eksˈpli:tiv]

[K.K.:ˈɛksplɪtɪv]

n.

感叹词,咒骂语

expletive

expletive expletives
An expletive is a rude word or expression such as `Damn!' which you say when you are annoyed, excited, or in pain. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= swear word

explicable

[D.J.:ˈeksplɪkəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈɛksplɪkəbəl]

adj.

可解释的,可说明的

explicable

explicable
If something is explicable , it can be explained and understood because it is logical or sensible. (FORMAL)

- The older I grow, the stranger and less explicable the world appears to me.

ADJ-GRADED

explicate

[D.J.:ˈeksplɪˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɛksplɪˌket]

vt.

<正>解释,说明(文章或计划等)

explication

n.

explication

n.

说明

explicate

1. explicate explicates explicating explicated
To explicate something means to explain it and make it clear. (FORMAL)

- We shall have to explicate its basic assumptions before we can assess its implications.

VB

2. explication explications

- The jury listened to his impassioned explication of article 306.

- McKen criticises the lack of explication of what the term `areas' means.

N-VAR

explicit

[D.J.:iksˈplisit]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsplɪsɪt]

adj.

详述的, 明确的, 明晰的

直言的, 毫不隐瞒的, 露骨的

explicitly

adv.

明白地,明确地

explicit **

1. explicit
Something that is explicit is expressed or shown clearly and openly, without any attempt to hide anything.

- Sexually explicit scenes in films and books were taboo under the old regime

- ...explicit references to age in recruitment advertising.

ADJ-GRADED
= overt

2. explicitly

- The play was the first commercially successful work dealing explicitly with homosexuality.

- Their intention is not to become involved in explicitly political activities.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj
= overtly

3. explicitness

- When the book was published, the energy and explicitness caught the popular imagination.

N-UNCOUNT

4. explicit
If you are explicit about something, you speak about it very openly and clearly.

- He was explicit about his intention to overhaul the party's internal voting system.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n

5. explicitly

- She has been talking very explicitly about AIDS to these groups.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

explicit

adjective

clear

categorical

definite

frank

precise

specific

straightforward

unambiguous

explode

[D.J.:iksˈpləud]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsplod]

vt. & vi.

(使)爆炸

vi.

爆[突]发, 发怒

激增, 迅速扩大

exploded

[iksˈpləudid]

adj.

爆破了的,被打破的

explode ***

1. explode explodes exploding exploded
If an object such as a bomb explodes or if someone or something explodes it, it bursts loudly and with great force, often causing damage or injury.

- They were clearing up when the second bomb exploded.

- A school bus was hit by gunfire which exploded the fuel tank.

V-ERG

2. explode explodes exploding exploded
If someone explodes , they express strong feelings suddenly and violently.

- Do you fear that you'll burst into tears or explode with anger in front of her?.

- `What happened!' I exploded.

- George caught the look and decided that Bess had better leave before she exploded.

VB

3. explode explodes exploding exploded
If something explodes , it increases suddenly and rapidly in number or intensity.

- The population explodes to 40,000 during the tourist season.

- Investment by Japanese firms has exploded.

VB

4. explode explodes exploding exploded
If someone explodes a theory or myth, they prove that it is wrong or impossible.

- Electricity privatisation has exploded the myth of cheap nuclear power.

- Such rumours have only recently been exploded.

VB

5. explode explodes exploding exploded
If something explodes , it makes a sudden very loud noise. (LITERARY)

- She heard laughter explode, then die.

VB

explode

verb

1.

blow up

burst

detonate

discharge

erupt

go off

set off

shatter

2.

disprove

debunk

discredit

give the lie to

invalidate

refute

repudiate

exploit

[D.J.:iksˈplɔit]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsplɔɪt]

vt.

开采; 开发

剥削

[ˈeksplɔit]

n.

业绩, 功绩, 功勋, 事迹

exploitation

[D.J.:ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛksplɔɪˈteʃən]

n.

开发;开采；开拓

利用

剥削

广告推销

exploiting

开拓

exploit ***

1. exploit exploits exploiting exploited
If you say that someone is exploiting you, you think that they are treating you unfairly by using your work or ideas and giving you very little in return.

- Critics claim he exploited black musicians for personal gain.

- ...the plight of the exploited sugar cane workers.

VB

2. exploitation

- Extra payments should be made to protect the interests of the staff and prevent exploitation.

N-UNCOUNT

3. exploit exploits exploiting exploited
If you say that someone is exploiting a situation, you disapprove of them because they are using it to gain an advantage for themselves, rather than trying to help other people or do what is right.

- The government and its opponents compete to exploit the troubles to their advantage.

VB disapproval

4. exploitation

- ...the exploitation of the famine by local politicians.

N-SING: N of n

5. exploit exploits exploiting exploited
If you exploit something, you use it well, and achieve something or gain an advantage from it.

- You'll need a good aerial to exploit the radio's performance.

- Cary is hoping to exploit new opportunities in Europe.

- So you feel that your skills have never been fully appreciated or exploited?

VB

6. exploit exploits exploiting exploited
To exploit resources or raw materials means to develop them and use them for industry or commercial activities.

- I think we're being very short sighted in not exploiting our own coal.

VB

7. exploitation

- ...the planned exploitation of its potential oil and natural gas reserves.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

8. exploit exploits
If you refer to someone's exploits , you mean the brave, interesting, or amusing things that they have done.

- His wartime exploits were later made into a film and a television series.

N-COUNT: usu pl, with poss

exploit

verb

1.

take advantage of

abuse

manipulate

milk

misuse

play on or upon

2.

make the best use of

capitalize on

cash in on informal

profit by or from

use

utilize

noun

3.

feat

accomplishment

achievement

adventure

attainment

deed

escapade

stunt

exploitation

noun

misuse

abuse

manipulation

exploitable

[iksˈplɔitəbl]

adj.

可开发的, 可利用的

exploitable

1. exploitable
If something is exploitable , it can be used or developed to make a profit.

- Exploitable raw materials were in short supply.

- Of 27 new wells drilled, 16 have proved exploitable.

ADJ-GRADED

2. exploitable
An exploitable situation can be used by someone to their own advantage.

- Your hope was I'd make some exploitable mistake. Admit it.

ADJ-GRADED

exploitative

[iksˈplɔitətiv]

adj.

开发资源的,剥削的

exploitative

exploitative
If you describe something as exploitative , you disapprove of it because it treats people unfairly by using their work or ideas for its own advantage, and giving them very little in return. (FORMAL)

- The expansion of Western capitalism incorporated the Third World into an exploitative world system.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

exploiter

n.

开拓者,开发者

exploiter

exploiter exploiters
If you refer to people as exploiters , you disapprove of them because they exploit other people in an unfair and cruel way. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

exploratory

[D.J.:eksˈplɔ:rətɵrɪ]

adj.

探索的,考察的

exploratory *

exploratory
Exploratory actions are done in order to discover something or to learn the truth about something.

- Exploratory surgery revealed her liver cancer.

- The Prime Minister's talks with the leaders of the Democratic Party were largely exploratory.

ADJ

exploratory

adjective

investigative

experimental

fact-finding

probing

searching

trial

exploration

[D.J.:ˌekspləˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛkspləˈreʃən]

n.

探险旅行;搜寻

考察, 探索

explore

[D.J.:iksˈplɔ:]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsplɔr, -ˈsplor]

vt. & vi.

勘查, 探测, 勘探

vt.

探索; 探究; 仔细查看

exploring

[iksˈplɔ:riŋ]

n.

扫描

adj.

探索的,探测的

explore ***

1. explore explores exploring explored
If you explore a place, you travel around it to find out what it is like.

- I just wanted to explore Paris, read Sartre, listen to Sidney Bechet.

- After exploring the old part of town there is a guided tour of the cathedral.

- We've come to this country, let's explore!

VB

2. exploration explorations

- We devote several days to the exploration of the magnificent Maya sites of Copan.

- We set out on this voyage of exploration with an open mind.

N-VAR

3. explore explores exploring explored
If you explore an idea or suggestion, you think about it or comment on it in detail, in order to assess it carefully.

- The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.

- The film is eloquent as it explores the relationship between artist and instrument.

VB
= investigate

4. exploration

- I looked forward to the exploration of their theories.

N-VAR

5. explore explores exploring explored
If people explore an area for a substance such as oil or minerals, they study the area and do tests on the land to see whether they can find it.

- Central to the operation is a mile-deep well, dug originally to explore for oil.

- The government is allowing the areas of inshore coastal waters to be explored for oil and gas.

VB

6. exploration

- Oryx is a Dallas-based oil and gas exploration and production concern.

N-UNCOUNT

7. explore explores exploring explored
If you explore something with your hands or fingers, you touch it to find out what it feels like.

- He explored the wound with his finger, trying to establish its extent.

VB

exploration

noun

1.

investigation

analysis

examination

inquiry

inspection

research

scrutiny

search

2.

expedition

reconnaissance

survey

tour

travel

trip

explore

verb

1.

investigate

examine

inquire into

inspect

look into

probe

research

search

2.

travel

reconnoitre

scout

survey

tour

explorer

[D.J.:ɪkˈsplɔ:rə, -ˈspləʊr-]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsplɔrɚ, -ˈsplor-]

n.

探险家;勘探者

explorer *

explorer explorers
An explorer is someone who travels to places about which very little is known, in order to discover what is there.
N-COUNT

explosion

[D.J.:iksˈpləuʒən]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsploʒən]

n.

爆炸; 爆发

激增, 扩大

explosion ***

1. explosion explosions
An explosion is a sudden, violent burst of energy, for example one caused by a bomb.

- After the second explosion, all of London's main train and subway stations were shut down.

- Three people have been killed and more than 40 injured in a bomb explosion in northwest Spain.

N-COUNT
= blast

2. explosion explosions
Explosion is the act of deliberately causing a bomb or similar device to explode.

- Bomb disposal experts blew up the bag in a controlled explosion.

- France has carried out an underground nuclear explosion on Mururoa Atoll in the South Pacific.

N-VAR
= detonation

3. explosion explosions
An explosion is a large rapid increase in the number or amount of something.

- The study also forecast an explosion in the diet soft-drink market.

- He explains that there was an explosion of courses through the 1960s.

- The spread of the suburbs has triggered a population explosion among America's deer.

N-COUNT: with supp

4. explosion explosions
An explosion is a sudden violent expression of someone's feelings, especially anger.

- Every time they met, Myra anticipated an explosion.

- It was an explosion of anger against the practices of the occupying forces.

N-COUNT
= outburst

5. explosion explosions
An explosion is a sudden and serious political protest or violence.

- They warned him that a referendum might cause an explosion in the country.

- ...the explosion of protest and violence sparked off by the killing of seven workers.

N-COUNT

6. explosion explosions
An explosion is a sudden very loud noise. (LITERARY)

- There was an explosion of music.

N-COUNT

explosion

noun

1.

bang

blast

burst

clap

crack

detonation

discharge

report

2.

outburst

eruption

fit

outbreak

explosive

[D.J.:iksˈpləusiv]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsplosɪv]

adj.

爆炸的, 爆发的

极易引起争论的

n.

爆炸物, 炸药

explosively

adv.

爆发地,引起爆炸地

explosive **

1. explosive explosives
An explosive is a substance or device that can cause an explosion.

- ...one-hundred-and-fifty pounds of Semtex explosive...

- There were traces of explosives in the bedroom.

N-VAR

2. explosive
Something that is explosive is capable of causing an explosion.

- The explosive device was timed to go off at the rush hour.

- Highly explosive gas is naturally found in coal mines.

ADJ-GRADED

3. explosively

- Hydrogen is explosively flammable when mixed with oxygen.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV after v

4. explosive
An explosive growth is a sudden, rapid increase in the size or quantity of something.

- The explosive growth in casinos is one of the most conspicuous signs of Westernisation.

ADJ-GRADED

5. explosively

- These transactions grew explosively in the early 1980s.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj

6. explosive
An explosive situation is likely to have difficult, serious, or dangerous effects.

- He appeared to be treating the potentially explosive situation with some sensitivity.

- Nobody knows what explosive arguments the future of Europe will bring.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

7. explosively

- A referendum next year would coincide explosively with the election campaign.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

8. explosive
If you describe someone as explosive , you mean that they tend to express sudden violent anger.

- She was unpredictable, explosive, impulsive and easily distracted.

- He's inherited his father's explosive temper.

ADJ-GRADED
= fiery

9. explosively

- `Are you mad?' David asked explosively.

ADV: ADV after v, ADV adj

10. explosive
A sudden loud noise can be described as explosive .

- He made a loud, explosive noise of disgust.

- ...an explosive drumbeat.

ADJ-GRADED

11. explosively

- The sound of her own chewing and swallowing were explosively loud.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV after v

explosive

adjective

1.

unstable

volatile

2.

violent

fiery

stormy

touchy

vehement

expo

[D.J.:ˈekspəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈɛkspo]

n.

<非正>(工业品或技术的)博览会,展览会

expo

expo expos
An expo is a large event where goods, especially industrial goods, are displayed.

- ...the 1995 Queensland Computer Expo.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft in names also Expo
= exposition

exponent

[D.J.:eksˈpəunənt]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsponənt, ˈɛkˌsponənt]

n.

倡导者, 倡议者

说明者, 讲解者

指数, 幂

exponent *

1. exponent exponents
An exponent of an idea, theory, or plan is a person who supports and explains it, and who tries to persuade other people that it is a good idea. (FORMAL)

- ...a leading exponent of test-tube baby techniques.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= advocate

2. exponent exponents
An exponent of a particular skill or activity is a person who is good at it.

- ...the great exponent of expressionist dance, Kurt Jooss.

- ...judo exponent Karen Briggs.

N-COUNT: with supp

exponent

noun

1.

advocate

backer

champion

defender

promoter

proponent

supporter

upholder

2.

performer

player

exponential

[D.J.:ˌekspəuˈnenʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌɛkspəˈnɛnʃəl]

n.

指数,倡导者,演奏者,例子,指数

adj.

指数的,幂数的

exponential

1. exponential
Exponential means growing or increasing very rapidly. (FORMAL)

- The policy tried to check the exponential growth of public expenditure.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= explosive

2. exponentially

- The quantity of chemical pollutants has increased exponentially.

ADV: ADV after v

export

[D.J.:eksˈpɔ:t]

[K.K.:ɪksˈpɔrt]

vt. & vi.

出口, 输出

[ˈekspɔ:t]

n.

输出, 出口

输出[出口]物

exports

出口货

export ****

1. export exports exporting exported
To export products or raw materials means to sell them to another country.

- The nation also exports beef.

- They expect the antibiotic products to be exported to Southeast Asia and Africa.

- To earn foreign exchange we must export.

VB
≠ import

2. export
Also a noun.

- ...the production and export of cheap casual wear...

- A lot of our land is used to grow crops for export.

- ...illegal arms exports.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

3. export exports
Exports are goods which are sold to another country and sent there.

- He did this to promote American exports.

- Ghana's main export is cocoa.

N-COUNT
≠ import

4. export exports exporting exported
To export something means to introduce it into another country or make it happen there.

- It has exported inflation at times.

- ...hecklers who said the deal would export jobs to Mexico.

VB
≠ import

5. export exports exporting exported
In computing, if you export files or information from one type of software into another type, you change their format so that they can be used in the new software.

- Files can be exported in ASCII or PCX formats.

VB
≠ import

exportable

adj.

可输出的,适于输出的

exportable

exportable
Exportable products are suitable for being exported.

- They are reliant on a very limited number of exportable products.

ADJ

exporter

[D.J.:ɪkˈsp ɔ:tə]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsportɚ]

n.

出口商;输出国

exporter *

exporter exporters
An exporter is a country, firm, or person that sells and sends goods to another country.

- France is the world's second-biggest exporter of agricultural products.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
≠ importer

expose

[D.J.:iksˈpəuz]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspoz]

vt.

曝光

暴露; 显露

揭露, 袒露

exposed

[iksˈpəuzd]

adj.

裸露的, 暴露的, 无遮蔽的

expose ***

1. expose exposes exposing exposed
To expose something that is usually hidden means to uncover it so that it can be seen.

- Lowered sea levels exposed the shallow continental shelf beneath the Bering Sea.

- For an instant his whole back was exposed.

- ...the exposed brickwork.

VB

2. expose exposes exposing exposed
To expose a person or situation means to reveal that they are bad or immoral in some way.

- The Budget does expose the lies ministers were telling a year ago.

- After the scandal was exposed, Dr Bailey committed suicide.

- He has simply been exposed as an adulterer and a fool.

VB

3. expose exposes exposing exposed
If someone is exposed to something dangerous or unpleasant, they are put in a situation in which it might affect them.

- They had not been exposed to most diseases common to urban populations.

- A wise mother never exposes her children to the slightest possibility of danger.

- ...people exposed to high levels of radiation.

VB

4. expose exposes exposing exposed
If someone is exposed to an idea or feeling, usually a new one, they are given experience of it, or introduced to it.

- ...local people who've not been exposed to glimpses of Western life before...

- These units exposed children to many viewpoints of a given issue.

VB

5. expose exposes exposing exposed
A man who exposes himself shows people his genitals in a public place, usually because he is mentally or emotionally disturbed.

- Smith admitted indecently exposing himself on Wimbledon Common.

VB

exposed *

exposed
If a place is exposed , it has no natural protection against bad weather or enemies, for example because it has no trees or is on very high ground.

- ...an exposed hillside in Connecticut...

- This part of the west coast of Scotland is very exposed to Atlantic winds.

ADJ-GRADED

expose

verb

1.

uncover

display

exhibit

present

reveal

show

unveil

2.

make vulnerable

endanger

imperil

jeopardize

lay open

leave open

subject

exposed

adjective

1.

unconcealed

bare

on display

on show

on view

revealed

uncovered

2.

unsheltered

open

unprotected

3.

vulnerable

in peril

laid bare

susceptible

wide open

expos´e

expos´e expos´es
An expos´e is a film or piece of writing which reveals the truth about a situation or person, especially something involving shocking facts.

- The movie is an expos´e of prison conditions in the South.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

exposition

[D.J.:ˌekspəˈziʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛkspəˈzɪʃən]

n.

〈正〉阐述, 讲解

展览会, 博览会

exposition *

1. exposition expositions
An exposition of an idea or theory is a detailed explanation or account of it. (FORMAL)

- The fullest exposition of Coleridge's thought can be found in the Statesman's Manual.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. exposition expositions
An exposition is an exhibition in which something such as goods or works of art are shown to the public.

- ...an art exposition.

N-COUNT
= exhibition

expostulate

[D.J.:ɪkˈspɔstʃəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspɑstʃəˌlet]

vi.

告诫,规劝

expostulation

n.

规劝;告诫

expostulation

[ikˌspɔstjuˈleiʃən]

n.

劝告,谏言

expostulate

expostulate expostulates expostulating expostulated
If you expostulate , you express strong disagreement with someone. (FORMAL)

- `For heaven's sake!' Dot expostulated. `They're cheap and they're useful.'.

- For a moment I thought she was going to expostulate.

- His family expostulated with him.

VB
= protest

exposure

[D.J.:iksˈpəuʒə]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspoʒɚ]

n.

暴露, 显露

揭发, 揭露

(软片等)曝光

exposure ***

1. exposure
Exposure to something dangerous means being in a situation where it might affect you.

- Exposure to lead is known to damage the brains of young children.

- ...the potential exposure of people to nuclear waste.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N to n

2. exposure
Exposure is the harmful effect on your body caused by very cold weather.

- He was suffering from exposure and shock but his condition was said to be stable.

- At least two people died of exposure in Chicago overnight.

N-UNCOUNT

3. exposure
The exposure of a well-known person is the revealing of the fact that they are bad or immoral in some way.

- ...the exposure of Anthony Blunt as a former Soviet spy...

- Their sporting reputation has suffered enormously from Johnson's exposure.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss
= unmasking

4. exposure
Exposure is publicity that a person, company, or product receives.

- All the candidates have been getting an enormous amount of exposure on television and in the press.

N-UNCOUNT
= publicity

5. exposure exposures
In photography, an exposure is a single photograph. (TECHNICAL)

- Larger drawings tend to require two or three exposures to cover them.

N-COUNT

6. exposure exposures
In photography, the exposure is the amount of light that is allowed to enter a camera when taking a photograph. (TECHNICAL)

- A tripod also lets you shoot long exposures at night.

- ...an exposure of 1/18sec at f/11...

- Against a deep blue sky or dark storm-clouds, you may need to reduce the exposure.

N-VAR

exposure

noun

publicity

display

exhibition

presentation

revelation

showing

uncovering

unveiling

expound

[D.J.:ɪkˈspaʊnd]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspaʊnd]

vt.

论述,详细讲解

expound *

1. expound expounds expounding expounded
If you expound an idea or opinion, you give a clear and detailed explanation of it. (FORMAL)

- Schmidt continued to expound his views on economics and politics.

VB
= explain

2. expound on; expounds on; expounding on; expounded on
Expound on means the same as expound .

- Lawrence expounded on the military aspects of guerrilla warfare.

PHR-V

expound

verb

explain

describe

elucidate

interpret

set forth

spell out

unfold

express

[D.J.:iksˈpres]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsprɛs]

vt.

表达, 表示, 陈述

特快发送, 快运

n.

快车

〈英〉快运

adj.

特快的, 高速的

〈正〉明确的

丝毫不差的

adv.

用快递方式

expressly

[D.J.:ɪkˈspreslɪ]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsprɛslɪ]

adv.

明显地;明确地

特别地;特意地

express ****

1. express expresses expressing expressed
When you express an idea or feeling, or express yourself, you show what you think or feel.

- He expressed grave concern at American attitudes.

- Sumner would greet us with frowns and grimaces, doing his best to express wordless disapproval.

- He expresses himself easily in English.

- Children may find it easier to express themselves in a letter than in a formal essay.

VB

2. express expresses expressing expressed
If an idea or feeling expresses itself in some way, it can be clearly seen in someone's actions or in its effects on a situation.

- The anxiety of the separation often expresses itself as anger towards the child for getting lost.

VB
= manifest

3. express expresses expressing expressed
In mathematics, if you express a quantity or mathematical problem in a particular way, you write it using particular symbols, figures, or equations. (TECHNICAL)

- We can express that equation like that.

- It is expressed as a percentage.

VB
= show

4. express
An express command or order is one that is clearly and deliberately stated. (FORMAL)

- The ship was sunk on express orders from the Prime Minister.

ADJ: ADJ n
= explicit

5. expressly

- He has expressly forbidden her to go out on her own.

ADV: ADV before v

6. express
If you refer to an express intention or purpose, you are emphasizing that it is a deliberate and specific one that you have before you do something.

- I had obtained my first camera for the express purpose of taking railway photographs.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= specific

7. expressly

- ...projects expressly designed to support cattle farmers...

- Bleasdale had written the role expressly for Robert Lindsay.

ADV: ADV before v, ADV prep/to-inf

8. express
Express is used to describe special services which are provided by companies or organizations such as the Post Office, in which things are sent or done faster than usual for a higher price.

- A special express service is available by fax.

- It was sent to us by express mail.

ADJ: ADJ n

9. express
Also an adverb.

- Send it express.

ADV

10. express expresses
An express or an express train is a fast train which stops at very few stations.

- Punctually at 7.45, the express to Kuala Lumpur left Singapore station.

- He had boarded an express for Rome.

N-COUNT: oft N to/for n

11. express expresses
An express is a fast bus or coach which goes from one place to another directly or with very few stops.
N-COUNT

express

verb

1.

state

articulate

communicate

declare

phrase

put into words

say

utter

voice

word

2.

show

convey

exhibit

indicate

intimate

make known

represent

reveal

signify

stand for

symbolize

adjective

3.

explicit

categorical

clear

definite

distinct

plain

unambiguous

4.

specific

clear-cut

especial

particular

singular

special

5.

fast

direct

high-speed

nonstop

rapid

speedy

swift

expressly

adverb

1.

definitely

categorically

clearly

distinctly

explicitly

in no uncertain terms

plainly

unambiguously

2.

specifically

especially

particularly

specially

expression

[D.J.:iksˈpreʃən]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsprɛʃən]

n.

表示, 表现, 表达

表情

感情

词, 措辞, 词组

expressions

表示式,公式

expression ***

1. expression expressions
The expression of ideas or feelings is the showing of them through words, actions, or artistic activities.

- Laughter is one of the most infectious expressions of emotion.

- From Cairo came expressions of regret at the attack.

- ...the rights of the individual to freedom of expression...

- Her concern has now found expression in the new environmental protection act.

N-VAR: usu N of n

2. expression expressions
Your expression is the way that your face looks at a particular moment. It shows what you are thinking or feeling.

- The civil servant's expression, however, did not change, not so much as by a flicker.

- Levin sat there, an expression of sadness on his face.

- The face is entirely devoid of expression.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft poss N

3. expression
Expression is the showing of feeling when you are acting, singing, or playing a musical instrument.

- I don't sing perfectly in tune, but I think I put more expression into my lyrics than a lot of other singers do.

N-UNCOUNT

4. expression expressions
An expression is a word or phrase.

- She spoke in a quiet voice but used remarkably coarse expressions.

N-COUNT

5. expression expressions
In mathematics, an expression is a symbol or equation which represents a quantity or problem. (TECHNICAL)

- This forms the basis for our mathematical expression for the electric field.

N-COUNT

expression

noun

1.

statement

announcement

communication

declaration

utterance

2.

indication

demonstration

exhibition

manifestation

representation

show

sign

symbol

token

3.

look

air

appearance

aspect

countenance

face

4.

phrase

idiom

locution

remark

term

turn of phrase

word

expressionism

[D.J.:kˈspreʃəniz(ə)m]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsprɛʃəˌnɪzəm]

n.

表现主义

expressionism

expressionism
Expressionism is a style of art, literature, and music which uses symbols and exaggeration to represent emotions, rather than representing physical reality.
N-UNCOUNT

expressionist

[ikˈspreʃənist]

adj.

表现主义的

n.

表现派作家

expressionist

1. expressionist expressionists
An expressionist is an artist, writer, or composer who uses the style of expressionism.
N-COUNT

2. expressionist
Expressionist artists, writers, composers, or works use the style of expressionism.

- ...an extraordinary collection of expressionist paintings.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

expressionless

[D.J.:ɪkˈspreʃnlɪs]

[K.K.: ɪkˈsprɛʃənlɪs]

adj.

无表情的

expressionless

expressionless
If you describe someone's face as expressionless , you mean that they are not showing their feelings.
ADJ-GRADED

expressive

[D.J.:ɪkˈspresɪv]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsprɛsɪv]

adj.

表示的,表现的,表达的

expressively

adv.

富于表情地

expressively

[D.J.:ɪkˈspresɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspr ɛsɪvlɪ]

adv.

表现地;富于表情地;意味深长地

expressiveness

n.

表现,表示

expressive *

1. expressive
If you describe a person or their behaviour as expressive , you mean that their behaviour clearly indicates their feelings or intentions.

- You can train people to be more expressive.

- She had almost the same look on her small, usually expressive face.

- ...the present fashion for intuitive, expressive painting.

ADJ-GRADED

2. expressively

- He moved his hands expressively.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. expressiveness

- Crying is part of our natural expressiveness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. expressive
If something is expressive of particular ideas or qualities, it has features which indicate or demonstrate them. (FORMAL, WRITTEN)

- Perhaps all his poems were really love poems, expressive of love for someone.

- Its history is expressive of the character and development of the people who possess it.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of n

expressive

adjective

vivid

eloquent

moving

poignant

striking

telling

expressway

[D.J.:ɪkˈspresˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ɪkˈsprɛsˌwe]

n.

expressway

expressway expressways
An expressway is a wide road that is specially designed so that a lot of traffic can move along it very quickly. It is usually divided, so that traffic travelling in one direction is separated from the traffic travelling in the opposite direction.
N-COUNT

expropriate

[D.J.:ekˈsprəʊpri:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ɛkˈspropriˌet]

vt.

没收(财产),征用

剥夺…的所有权

expropriation

n.

expropriator

n.

expropriation

n.

征用,征收,收用

expropriator

剥夺者,没收者,征用者

expropriate

1. expropriate expropriates expropriating expropriated
If a government or other authority expropriates someone's property, they take it away from them for public use. (LEGAL)

- The Bolsheviks expropriated the property of the landowners.

VB

2. expropriation expropriations

- ...the expropriation of property...

- Ownership is not clear because of expropriations in the Nazi and communist eras.

N-VAR: oft N of n

expulsion

[D.J.:ɪkˈspʌlʃən]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspʌlʃən]

n.

喷出, 排出

开除, 驱逐

expulsion **

1. expulsion expulsions
Expulsion is when someone is forced to leave a school, university, or organization.

- Her hatred of authority led to her expulsion from high school.

- ...the high number of school expulsions...

- This led to his suspension and, finally, expulsion from the party in 1955.

N-VAR: usu with supp

2. expulsion expulsions
Expulsion is when someone is forced to leave a place. (FORMAL)

- ...the expulsion of Yemeni workers.

- ...a new wave of mass expulsions.

N-VAR: usu with supp

3. expulsion
Expulsion is when something is forced out from your body. (FORMAL)

- ...the expulsion of waste products.

- ...their expulsion from the digestive tract.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

expulsion

noun

ejection

banishment

dismissal

eviction

exclusion

removal

expunge

[D.J.:ɪkˈspʌndʒ]

[K.K.:ɪkˈspʌndʒ]

vt.

擦掉,除去,删去,消除

expunge

expunge expunges expunging expunged
If you expunge something, you get rid of it completely, because it causes problems or bad feelings. (FORMAL)

- The revolutionaries expunged domestic opposition and mobilized their resources for the war.

- The experience was something he had tried to expunge from his memory.

- His name was expunged from the record books.

VB

expurgate

[D.J.:ˈekspəˌgeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɛkspɚˌɡet]

vt.

删除(书等中的)令人反感的成分,修订;删去(不当处)

expurgation

n.

expurgator

n.

expurgation

n.

消去,删去,廓清,修改

expurgator

[ˈekspə:ɡeitə]

n.

削除者,修订者

expurgate

1. expurgate expurgates expurgating expurgated
If someone expurgates a piece of writing, they remove parts of it before it is published because they think those parts will offend or shock people. (FORMAL)

- He heavily expurgated the work in its second edition.

VB
= censor

2. expurgated

- It was first published in 1914 in a highly expurgated version.

ADJ-GRADED

exquisite

[D.J.:ˈekskwizit]

[K.K.:ˈɛkskwɪzɪt, ɪkˈskwɪzɪt]

adj.

精致的, 精美的

敏感的, 细致的

exquisitely

[D.J.:ekˈsk wɪzɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:ɛkˈsk wɪzɪtlɪ]

adv.

精致地

强烈地；剧烈地；异常地

exquisite **

1. exquisite
Something that is exquisite is extremely beautiful or pleasant, especially in a delicate way.

- The Indians brought in exquisite beadwork to sell.

- Mr Zhang's photography is exquisite.

- ...her exquisite manners.

ADJ-GRADED

2. exquisitely

- ...exquisitely crafted dolls' houses.

- ...an exquisitely beautiful young woman.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/-ed

3. exquisite
Exquisite is used to emphasize that a feeling or quality is very great or intense. (LITERARY)

- The words issuing from her lips gave exquisite pleasure as they flowed over him.

- She peeled it with exquisite care.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

exquisite

adjective

1.

beautiful

attractive

charming

comely

lovely

pleasing

striking

2.

fine

beautiful

dainty

delicate

elegant

lovely

precious

3.

intense

acute

keen

sharp

ex-serviceman

[eksˈsə:vismən]

n.

退役军人

ex-serviceman

ex-serviceman ex-servicemen
An ex-serviceman is a man who used to be in a country's army, navy, or air force. (BRIT; in AM use veteran )
N-COUNT

ext.

abbr.

extension 电话分机,分机号码

ext.

abbr.

extension 电话分机,分机号码

ext. **

ext.
Ext. is the written abbreviation for extension when it is used to refer to a particular telephone number.
N-VAR: N num
= extension

extant

[D.J.:ˈekstənt, ekˈstænt]

[K.K.:ˈɛkstənt, ɛkˈstænt]

adj.

现存的,仍然存在的

extant

extant
If something is extant , it is still in existence, in spite of being very old. (FORMAL)

- Two fourteenth-century manuscripts of this text are still extant.

- The oldest extant document is dated 1492.

ADJ
= surviving

extemporization

[ikˌstempəraiˈzeiʃən]

n.

即席作成,即兴之作,即席演说

extemporize

[D.J.:ɪkˈstempəˌraɪz]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstɛmpəˌraɪz]

vt.

即兴创作,即席演奏

extemporization

n.

extemporize

extemporize extemporizes extemporizing extemporized
If you extemporize , you speak, act, or perform something immediately, without rehearsing or preparing it beforehand. (FORMAL)

- He completely departed from the text and extemporized in a very energetic fashion.

VB (BRIT) also extemporise
= improvise

extend

[D.J.:iksˈtend]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstɛnd]

vt. & vi.

(空间、时间等)延伸; 延续

vt.

延长; 扩展; 达到(某一点)

尽可能地伸开(身体某部)

给予, 提供, 发出

extended

[D.J.:iksˈtendid]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstɛndɪd]

adj.

伸出的, 伸展的

延长的, 持续的

扩大的, 扩展的

extend ****

1. extend extends extending extended
If you say that something, usually something large, extends for a particular distance or extends from one place to another, you are indicating its size or position.

- The caves extend for some 18 kilometres.

- The main stem will extend to around 12ft, if left to develop naturally.

- Our personal space extends about 12 to 18 inches around us.

- The high-speed train service is planned to extend from Paris to Bordeaux.

- The new territory would extend over one-fifth of Canada's land mass.

VB
= stretch

2. extend extends extending extended
If an object extends from a surface or place, it sticks out from it.

- Billing's legs extended from the bushes and Anthony tripped over them as he retraced his steps.

VB
= protrude from

3. extend extends extending extended
If an event or activity extends over a period of time, it continues for that time.

- ...a playing career in first-class cricket that extended from 1894 to 1920...

- The courses are based on a weekly two-hour class, extending over a period of 25 weeks.

VB

4. extend extends extending extended
If something extends to a group of people, things, or activities, it includes or affects them.

- The service also extends to wrapping and delivering gifts.

- The talks will extend to the church, human rights groups and other social organizations.

- His influence extends beyond the TV viewing audience.

VB

5. extend extends extending extended
If you extend something, you make it longer or bigger.

- This year they have introduced three new products to extend their range.

- The building was extended in 1500.

- ...an extended exhaust pipe.

VB

6. extend extends extending extended
If a piece of equipment or furniture extends , its length can be increased.

- ... a table which extends to accommodate extra guests...

- The table extends to 220cm.

VB

7. extend extends extending extended
If you extend something, you make it last longer than before or end at a later date.

- They have extended the deadline by twenty-four hours.

- ...an extended contract.

VB

8. extend extends extending extended
If you extend something to other people or things, you make it include or affect more people or things.

- It might be possible to extend the technique to other crop plants.

VB

9. extend extends extending extended
If someone extends their hand, they stretch out their arm and hand to shake hands with someone. (WRITTEN)

- The man extended his hand: `I'm Chuck'.

VB
= stretch out

extended *

extended
If something happens for an extended period of time, it happens for a long period of time.

- Obviously, any child who receives dedicated teaching over an extended period is likely to improve.

ADJ: ADJ n
= lengthy

See also extend .

extend

verb

1.

make longer

drag out

draw out

lengthen

prolong

spin out

spread out

stretch

2.

last

carry on

continue

go on

3.

widen

add to

augment

broaden

enhance

enlarge

expand

increase

supplement

4.

offer

confer

impart

present

proffer

extendable

[ikˈstendəbl]

adj.

可展开的,可扩张的,可延长的

extendable

extendable
Something that is extendable can be made longer.

- These were hung in place with extendable rods.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

extended family *

extended family extended families
An extended family is a family group which includes relatives such as uncles, aunts, and grandparents, as well as parents, children, and brothers and sisters.

- The pregnant woman in such a community has the support of all the womenfolk in her extended family.

N-COUNT

extension

[D.J.:iksˈtenʃən]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstɛnʃən]

n.

延伸, 扩展

增加部分

电话分机

extension **

1. extension extensions
An extension is a new room or building which is added to an existing building or group of buildings.
N-COUNT

2. extension extensions
An extension is a new section of a road or rail line that is added to an existing road or line.

- ...the Jubilee Line extension.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. extension extensions
An extension is an extra period of time for which something lasts or is valid, usually as a result of official permission.

- He first entered Britain on a six-month visa, and was given a further extension of six months.

- Ian Lentern has been granted a three-year extension.

N-COUNT

4. extension extensions
Something that is an extension of something else is a development of it that includes or affects more people, things, or activities.

- Many Filipinos see the bases as an extension of American colonial rule.

- That's the logical extension of my approach.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

5. extension extensions
An extension is a telephone line that is connected to the switchboard of a company or institution, and that has its own number. The written abbreviation ext. is also used.

- She can get me on extension 308.

- For further information, please contact 414 3925, extension 2253.

N-COUNT: also N num

6. extension extensions
An extension is a part which is connected to a piece of equipment in order to make it reach something further away.

- ...a 30-foot extension cord...

- Some of the best extensions are made from sections of rod tube or drainpipe.

N-COUNT

extension

noun

1.

annexe

addition

appendage

appendix

supplement

2.

lengthening

broadening

development

enlargement

expansion

increase

spread

widening

extensive

[D.J.:iksˈtensiv]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstɛnsɪv]

adj.

广阔的, 广泛的; 大量的, 大规模的

extensively

[D.J.:ɪkˈstensɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪkˈst ɛnsɪvlɪ]

adv.

广大地;广泛地

extensive ***

1. extensive
Something that is extensive covers or includes a large physical area.

- ...an extensive tour of Latin America...

- When built, the palace and its grounds were more extensive than the city itself.

ADJ-GRADED

2. extensively

- Mark, however, needs to travel extensively with his varied business interests.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. extensive
Something that is extensive covers a wide range of details, ideas, or items.

- Developments in South Africa receive extensive coverage in The Sunday Telegraph.

- ...the extensive research into public attitudes to science...

- The facilities available are very extensive.

ADJ-GRADED

4. extensively

- ...the extensively reported trial...

- All these issues have been extensively researched in recent years.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj/-ed

5. extensive
If something is extensive , it is very great.

- The blast caused extensive damage, shattering the front hall and the ground-floor rooms.

- The security forces have extensive powers of search and arrest.

- Mr Marr makes extensive use of exclusively Scottish words.

ADJ-GRADED

6. extensively

- Hydrogen is used extensively in industry for the production of ammonia.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

extensive

adjective

wide

broad

far-flung

far-reaching

large-scale

pervasive

spacious

vast

voluminous

widespread

extent

[D.J.:iksˈtent]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstɛnt]

n.

长度, 面积, 范围

程度, 限度

extent ***

1. extent
If you are talking about how great, important, or serious a difficulty or situation is, you can refer to the extent of it.

- The government itself has little information on the extent of industrial pollution.

- Growing up with him soon made me realise the extent of his determination.

- The full extent of the losses was disclosed yesterday.

N-SING: with supp, usu the N of n
= magnitude

2. extent
The extent of something is its length, area, or size.

- Industry representatives made it clear that their commitment was only to maintain the extent of forests, not their biodiversity.

N-SING: with supp, usu the N of n

3. extent
You use expressions such as to a large extent , to some extent , or to a certain extent in order to indicate that something is partly true, but not entirely true.

- It was and, to a large extent, still is a good show.

- To some extent this was the truth.

- To a certain extent it's easier for men to get work.

- This also endangers American interests in other regions, although to a lesser extent.

- To an extent, that is the reason for the meeting.

PHR: PHR with cl vagueness

4. extent
You use expressions such as to what extent , to that extent , or to the extent that when you are discussing how true a statement is, or in what ways it is true.

- It's still not clear to what extent this criticism is originating from within the ruling party.

- To that extent they helped bring about their own destruction.

- He could only be sorry to the extent that this affected his grandchildren.

- The extent to which it helped to promote Britain's broader strategic interests was sometimes questionable.

- We may not be able to do it to the extent that we would like.

PHR vagueness

5. extent
You use expressions such as to the extent of , to the extent that , or to such an extent that in order to emphasize that a situation has reached a difficult, dangerous, or surprising stage.

- Ford kept his suspicions to himself, even to the extent of going to jail for a murder he obviously didn't commit.

- I became pregnant but this man was very violent towards me to the extent that I lost our baby.

- It has increased to such an extent that Ghana can now export maize.

PHR emphasis

extent

noun

size

amount

area

breadth

expanse

length

stretch

volume

width

extenuating

[eksˈtenjueitiŋ]

adj.

使减轻的,情有可原的

extenuating

extenuating
If you say that there are extenuating circumstances for a bad situation or wrong action, you mean that there are reasons or factors which partly excuse it. (FORMAL)

- The defendants decide to admit their guilt, but insist that there are extenuating circumstances.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= mitigating

extenuating

adjective

mitigating

justifying

moderating

qualifying

exterior

[D.J.:eksˈtiəriə]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstɪriɚ]

n.

外面, 外貌, 外表

户外景色图, 外景

adj.

外部的, 外面的

exterior *

1. exterior exteriors
The exterior of something is its outside surface.

- In one ad the viewer scarcely sees the car's exterior.

- The exterior of the building was a masterpiece of architecture, elegant and graceful.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= outside

2. exterior exteriors
You can refer to someone's usual appearance or behaviour as their exterior , especially when it is very different from their real character.

- According to Mandy, Pat's tough exterior hides a shy and sensitive soul.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp, oft poss N
= facade

3. exterior
You use exterior to refer to the outside parts of something or things that are outside something.

- The exterior walls were made of pre-formed concrete.

- ...the oven's exterior surfaces.

ADJ: ADJ n
= outer outside

exterior

noun

1.

outside

coating

covering

fa¸cade

face

shell

skin

surface

adjective

2.

outside

external

outer

outermost

outward

surface

exterminate

[D.J.:ɪkˈstɜ:məˌneɪt]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstə..məˌnet]

vt.

消灭;根绝

extermination

n.

消灭,根绝

exterminate *

1. exterminate exterminates exterminating exterminated
To exterminate a group of people or animals means to kill all of them.

- A huge effort was made to exterminate the rats.

- They have a real fear that they'll be exterminated in the ongoing civil war.

- Man is exterminating too many species for zoos to be much help.

VB
= annihilate

2. extermination

- ...the extermination of hundreds of thousands of their brethren.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n, N n

exterminate

verb

destroy

abolish

annihilate

eliminate

eradicate

exterminator

[D.J.:ikˈstə:mineitə]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstɚməˌnetɚ]

n.

扑灭的人,害虫驱除剂

exterminator

exterminator exterminators
An exterminator is a person whose job is to kill animals such as rats or mice, because they are annoying or dangerous.

- One hundred million rats are killed each year by pest exterminators.

N-COUNT

external

[D.J.:eksˈtə:nl]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstɚnəl]

adj.

外面的, 外部的

外观的, 表面的

外国的

externally

[D.J.:eksˈtɜ:nəlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstə..n l..ɪ]

adv.

在(或从)外部;在(或从)外面;外表上

external **

1. external
External is used to indicate that something is on the outside of a surface or body, or that it exists, happens, or comes from outside.

- ...a much reduced heat loss through external walls.

- ...internal and external allergic reactions.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ internal

2. externally

- Vitamins can be applied externally to the skin.

- ...externally imposed conditions.

ADV: usu ADV with v

3. external
External means involving or intended for foreign countries.

- ...the commissioner for external affairs.

- ...Jamaica's external debt.

- ...the republic's external borders.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. externally

- ...protecting the value of the mark both internally and externally.

ADV: usu ADV after v

5. external
External means happening or existing in the world in general and affecting you in some way.

- ...a reaction to external events...

- Such events occur only when the external conditions are favorable.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. external
External experts, for example, external examiners, come into an organization from outside in order to do a particular job fairly and impartially, or to check that a particular job was done properly. (mainly BRIT)
ADJ: ADJ n
= outside

7. externally

- There must be externally moderated tests.

ADV: ADV -ed

8. external
If medicine is for external use , it is intended to be used only on the outside of your body, and not to be eaten or drunk.
PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

external

adjective

1.

outer

exterior

outermost

outside

outward

surface

2.

outside

alien

extrinsic

foreign

externalize

[D.J.:eksˈtə:nəˌlaiz]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstɚnəˌlaɪz]

vt.

给…以外形,使客观化,使具体化

externalize

externalize externalizes externalizing externalized
If you externalize your ideas or feelings, you express them openly, in words or actions. (FORMAL)

- For the Prime Minister, externalising the problem would divert attention from his domestic troubles.

- These are people who tend to externalize blame when anything goes wrong at work.

VB (BRIT) also externalise
≠ internalize

externals

externals
When you talk about externals , you are referring to the features of a situation that are obvious but not important or central.

- All that the tourists see are the externals of our faith.

N-PLURAL

extinct

[D.J.:iksˈtiŋkt]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstɪŋkt]

adj.

灭绝的, 绝种的

消逝的, 破灭的

extinct *

1. extinct
A species of animal or plant that is extinct no longer has any living members, either in the world or in a particular place.

- It is 250 years since the wolf became extinct in Britain.

- ...the bones of extinct animals.

ADJ

2. extinct
If a particular kind of worker, way of life, or type of activity is extinct , it no longer exists, because of changes in society.

- If the current trend continues, black farmers in the United States may be extinct by the end of this decade.

- Herbalism had become an all but extinct skill in the Western world.

ADJ

3. extinct
An extinct volcano is one that does not erupt or is not expected to erupt any more.

- Its tallest volcano, long extinct, is Olympus Mons.

ADJ

extinct

adjective

dead

defunct

gone

lost

vanished

extinction

[D.J.:ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən]

n.

熄灭,消灭,灭绝;废除

extinction *

1. extinction
The extinction of a species of animal or plant is the death of all its remaining living members.

- An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from extinction.

- Many species have been shot to the verge of extinction.

N-UNCOUNT

2. extinction
If someone refers to the extinction of a way of life or type of activity, they mean that the way of life or activity stops existing.

- The loggers say their jobs are faced with extinction because of declining timber sales.

N-UNCOUNT

extinction

noun

dying out

abolition

annihilation

destruction

eradication

extermination

obliteration

oblivion

extinguish

[D.J.:iksˈtiŋɡwiʃ]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ]

vt.

使熄灭, 扑灭

使…不复存在

extinguishing

[iksˈtiŋɡwiʃiŋ]

n.

熄灭

extinguish *

1. extinguish extinguishes extinguishing extinguished
If you extinguish a fire or a light, you stop it burning or shining. (FORMAL)

- It took about 50 minutes to extinguish the fire.

- The lights are extinguished as soon as the news conference is over.

VB
= put out

2. extinguish extinguishes extinguishing extinguished
If something extinguishes a feeling or idea, it destroys it.

- The message extinguished her hopes of Richard's return.

VB

extinguish

verb

1.

put out

blow out

douse

quench

smother

snuff out

stifle

2.

destroy

annihilate

eliminate

end

eradicate

exterminate

remove

wipe out

extinguisher

[D.J.:ɪkˈstɪŋgwɪʃə]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃɚ]

n.

熄火者,扑火者;消火者;消火器;熄火器,灭火器

extinguisher

extinguisher extinguishers
An extinguisher is the same as a fire extinguisher .
N-COUNT

extol

[D.J.:ɪkˈstəʊl]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstol]

vt.

赞颂,赞扬,赞美

extoller

n.

赞美者,吹捧者

extolment

n.

赞颂,赞扬,赞美

extol *

extol extols extolling extolled
If you extol something or someone, you praise them enthusiastically.

- Now experts are extolling the virtues of the humble potato.

- They kept extolling my managerial skills.

VB

extol

verb

praise

acclaim

commend

eulogize

exalt

glorify

sing the praises of

extort

[D.J.:ɪkˈstɔ:t]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstɔrt]

vt.

敲诈

曲解

extort

1. extort extorts extorting extorted
If someone extorts money from you, they get it from you using force, threats, or other unfair or illegal means.

- Corrupt government officials were extorting money from him.

- Her kidnapper extorted a £175,000 ransom for her release.

VB
= extract

2. extort extorts extorting extorted
If someone extorts something from you, they get it from you with difficulty or by using unfair means.

- Some magistrates have abused their powers of arrest to extort confessions.

VB

extort

verb

force

blackmail

bully

coerce

extract

squeeze

extortion

[D.J.:ɪkˈstɔ:ʃən]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstɔrʃən]

n.

敲诈,勒索,逼取;被勒索的财物

extortionist

n.

敲诈者,勒索者,逼取者

extortionist

n.

强求者,勒索者,勒索钱财

extortion *

extortion
Extortion is the crime of obtaining something from someone, especially money, by using force or threats.

- He has been charged with extortion and abusing his powers.

N-UNCOUNT

extortionate

[D.J.:ɪkˈstɔ:ʃənɪt]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstɔrʃənɪt]

adj.

过高的,过分的,敲诈的

extortionate

extortionate
If you describe something such as a price as extortionate , you are emphasizing that it is much greater than it should be.
ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= outrageous

extortionate

adjective

exorbitant

excessive

extravagant

inflated

outrageous

preposterous

sky-high

unreasonable

extortionist

extortionist extortionists
An extortionist is a person who commits the crime of obtaining something from someone by using force or threats.
N-COUNT

extra

[ˈekstrə]

adj.

额外的, 外加的, 附加的

n.

另外收费的事物

拍电影时的临时演员

adv.

特别地, 非常

extra ****

1. extra
You use extra to describe an amount, person, or thing that is added to others of the same kind, or that can be added to others of the same kind.

- Police warned motorists to allow extra time to get to work.

- Extra staff have been taken on to cover busy periods.

- There's an extra blanket in the bottom drawer of the cupboard.

ADJ: ADJ n
= additional

2. extra
If something is extra , you have to pay more money for it in addition to what you are already paying for something.

- For foreign orders postage is extra.

- The price of your meal is extra.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

3. extra
Also a pronoun.

- Many of the additional features now cost extra.

- She won't pay any extra.

PRON

4. extra
Also an adverb.

- You may be charged 10% extra for this service.

ADV

5. extra extras
Extras are additional amounts of money that are added to the price that you have to pay for something.

- She is disgusted by big hotels adding so many extras to the bill that it nearly doubles.

- There are no hidden extras.

N-COUNT: usu pl

6. extra extras
Extras are things which are not necessary in a situation, activity, or object, but which make it more comfortable, useful, or enjoyable.

- Optional extras include cooking tuition at a top restaurant.

- They are also spending much less on extras like meals in restaurants.

N-COUNT: usu pl

7. extra extras
The extras in a film are the people who play unimportant parts, for example as members of a crowd.
N-COUNT

8. extra
You can use extra in front of adjectives and adverbs to emphasize the quality that they are describing. (INFORMAL)

- I'd have to be extra careful.

- What makes a magnificent garden extra special?.

- We were all told to try extra hard to be nice to him.

- ...a bag of extra-strong peppermints.

ADV: ADV adj/adv emphasis
= especially

extra

adjective

1.

additional

added

ancillary

auxiliary

further

more

supplementary

2.

surplus

excess

leftover

redundant

spare

superfluous

unused

noun

3.

addition

accessory

attachment

bonus

extension

supplement

adverb

4.

exceptionally

especially

extraordinarily

extremely

particularly

remarkably

uncommonly

unusually

extra-

[D.J.:ˈekstrə]

[K.K.:ˈɛkstrə]

pref.

表示“在外,外面”

extra-

extra-
extra- is used to form adjectives indicating that something is outside something or is not part of it. (FORMAL)

- The move was extra-constitutional.

- They competed for power through a combination of parliamentary and extra-parliamentary methods.

- The report says torture was widespread, as were extra-judicial executions by government troops.

PREFIX

extract

[D.J.:iksˈtrækt]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstrækt]

vt.

(费力地)拔出, 抽出

提取, 榨出

[ˈekstrækt]

n.

摘录, 引用

提炼物, 浓缩物

extracted

[iksˈtræktid]

adj.

萃取的

extracting

[iksˈtræktiŋ]

n.

萃取,提取,提炼

extraction

[D.J.:ɪkˈstrækʃən]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstrækʃən]

n.

取出,拔出;开采

拔牙

血统,家世

extract **

1. extract extracts extracting extracted
To extract a substance means to obtain it from something else, for example by using industrial or chemical processes.

- ...the traditional method of pick and shovel to extract coal...

- Citric acid can be extracted from the juice of oranges, lemons, limes or grapefruit.

- ...looking at the differences in the extracted DNA.

VB

2. extraction

- Petroleum engineers plan and manage the extraction of oil.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

3. extract extracts extracting extracted
If you extract something from a place, you take it out or pull it out. (LITERARY)

- He extracted a small notebook from his hip pocket.

- Patterson went straight to the liquor cabinet and extracted a bottle of Scotch.

- She reached into the wardrobe and extracted another tracksuit.

VB

4. extract extracts extracting extracted
When a dentist extracts a tooth, they remove it from the patient's mouth.

- A dentist may decide to extract the tooth to prevent recurrent trouble.

- She is to go and have a tooth extracted at 3 o'clock today.

VB

5. extraction extractions

- In those days, dentistry was basic. Extractions were carried out without anaesthetic.

N-VAR

6. extract extracts extracting extracted
If you say that someone extracts something, you disapprove of them because they take it for themselves to gain an advantage.

- ...the capitalist system, which extracts huge profits from arms production at the tax-payers' expense...

- He sought to extract the maximum political advantage from the cut in interest rates.

- His development policies have extracted cash from the city centre.

VB disapproval

7. extract extracts extracting extracted
If you extract information or a response from someone, you get it from them with difficulty, because they are unwilling to say or do what you want.

- He made the mistake of trying to extract further information from our director.

- He used her cash card, and the PIN number he had extracted from her, to take £500 from cashpoints.

VB
= elicit from

8. extract extracts extracting extracted
If you extract a particular piece of information, you obtain it from a larger amount or source of information.

- I've simply extracted a few figures.

- Britain's trade figures can no longer be extracted from export-and-import documentation at ports.

- ...files of data extracted from the departmental archives.

VB

9. extract extracted
If part of a book or text is extracted from a particular book, it is printed or published. (JOURNALISM)

- This material has been extracted from `Collins Good Wood Handbook'.

V-PASSIVE

10. extract extracts
An extract from a book or piece of writing is a small part of it that is printed or published separately.

- Read this extract from an information booklet about the work of an airline cabin crew.

N-COUNT: usu N from n

11. extract extracts
An extract is a substance that has been obtained from something else, for example by means of a chemical or industrial process.

- Blend in the lemon extract, lemon peel and walnuts.

- ...fragrances taken from plant extracts.

N-MASS: oft n N

extraction

extraction
If you say, for example, that someone is of French extraction , you mean that they or their family originally came from France. (FORMAL)

- Her real father was of Italian extraction.

- He married a young lady of Indian extraction.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp
= origin descent

extract

verb

1.

pull out

draw

pluck out

pull

remove

take out

uproot

withdraw

2.

derive

draw

elicit

glean

obtain

noun

3.

passage

citation

clipping

cutting

excerpt

quotation

selection

4.

essence

concentrate

distillation

juice

extractor

[iksˈtræktə]

n.

抽油烟机

extractors

采掘性企业

extractor

1. extractor extractors
An extractor or extractor fan is a device that is fixed to a window or wall to draw smells, steam, or hot air out of a room. (mainly BRIT; in AM use ventilator )
N-COUNT

2. extractor extractors
An extractor is a device that squeezes liquid out of something.

- Push the leaves through a juice extractor until you have about four tablespoons of juice.

N-COUNT: with supp

extracurricular

[D.J.:ˈekstrəkəˈrikjulə]

adj.

学校课程以外的

extracurricular

1. extracurricular
Extracurricular activities are activities for students that are not part of their course. (FORMAL)

- Each child had participated in extracurricular activities at school.

- ...extra-curricular sport.

ADJ: ADJ n (BRIT) also extra-curricular

2. extracurricular
Extracurricular activities are activities that someone does that are not part of their normal work. (INFORMAL)

- The money he made from these extra-curricular activities enabled him to pursue other ventures.

ADJ: ADJ n (BRIT) also extra-curricular

extradite

[D.J.:ˈekstrəˌdaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɛkstrəˌdaɪt]

vt.

引渡

extradition

[D.J.:ˌekstrəˈdiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛkstrəˈdɪʃən]

n.

(根据条约或法令对逃犯等的)引渡

extradite **

1. extradite extradites extraditing extradited
If someone is extradited , they are officially sent back to their own or another country to be tried for a crime that they have been accused of. (FORMAL)

- He was extradited to Britain from the Irish Republic to face explosives charges.

- The authorities refused to extradite him.

VB

2. extradition extraditions

- A New York court turned down the British government's request for his extradition.

- There were no plans to reopen extradition proceedings against him.

N-VAR

extra-marital

[D.J.:ˌekstrəˈmæritəl]

[K.K.:ˌɛkstrəˈmærɪtl]

adj.

婚外的

extra-marital

extra-marital
An extra-marital affair is a sexual relationship between a married person and another person who is not their husband or wife.

- Her husband has admitted having an extra-marital affair.

- ...an extra-marital relationship.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also extramarital .

extra-mural

extra-mural
Extra-mural courses are courses at a college or university which are taken mainly by part-time students.

- I took my first extra-mural course in 1948 in Coventry, even though I was working in Birmingham.

- Adult education is run in cooperation with the extra-mural departments of the universities.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also extramural .

extraneous

[D.J.:ɪkˈstreɪni:əs]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstreniəs]

adj.

外部的,外来的

无关的,不相干的,无联系的

extraneous

extraneous
Extraneous things are not relevant or essential to the situation you are involved in or the subject you are talking about. (FORMAL)

- We ought not to bring in extraneous matters in trying to find a basis for a settlement.

- I can choose to ignore these extraneous thoughts or certainly choose not to act on them.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

extraneous

adjective

irrelevant

beside the point

immaterial

inappropriate

off the subject

unconnected

unrelated

extraordinaire

[D.J.:ˌekstrəˌɔ:diˈnɛə]

[K.K.:ˌɛkstrəˌɔrdnˈɛr, -diˈnɛr]

adj.

〈法〉异常的,特别的,非凡的

extraordinaire

extraordinaire
If you describe someone as being, for example, a musician extraordinaire , you are saying in a slightly humorous way that you think they are an extremely good musician.

- ...George Kuchar, film-maker extraordinaire.

ADJ: n ADJ

extraordinarily

[D.J.:ɪksˈtr ɔ:dnrɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstr ɔrd n..ˌ ɛrɪlɪ]

adv.

非常;格外地;异常地

extraordinary

[D.J.:iksˈtrɔ:dnəri]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstrɔrdnˌɛri, ˌɛkstrəˈɔr-]

adj.

非常奇怪的

非同寻常的, 特别的

额外安排的, 临时的

extraordinary ***

1. extraordinary
If you describe something or someone as extraordinary , you mean that they have some extremely good or special quality.

- We've made extraordinary progress as a society in that regard.

- The task requires extraordinary patience and endurance.

- Rozhdestvensky is an extraordinary musician.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval
= exceptional remarkable amazing

2. extraordinarily

- She's extraordinarily disciplined.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj
= exceptionally

3. extraordinary
If you describe something as extraordinary , you mean that it is very unusual or surprising.

- What an extraordinary thing to happen!.

- His decision to hold talks is extraordinary because it could mean the real end of the war.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= remarkable amazing

4. extraordinarily

- Apart from the hair, he looked extraordinarily unchanged.

- Extraordinarily, the favourites for the title lie at the bottom of the table.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv, ADV with cl
= remarkably

5. extraordinary
An extraordinary meeting is arranged specially to deal with a particular situation or problem, rather than happening regularly. (FORMAL)

- ...at an extraordinary meeting of the sport's ruling body...

- Representatives of the colonies met in an extraordinary congress.

ADJ: ADJ n

extraordinary

adjective

unusual

amazing

exceptional

fantastic

outstanding

phenomenal

remarkable

strange

uncommon

extrapolate

[D.J.:ɪkˈstræpəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstræpəˌlet]

vt.

(由已知资料对未知事实或价值)推算,推断

extrapolation

n.

extrapolation

[D.J.:ɪksˌtræpəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪkˌstræpəˈleʃən]

n.

推断

<统>外推(法)

extrapolate

1. extrapolate extrapolates extrapolating extrapolated
If you extrapolate from known facts, you use them as a basis for general statements about a situation or about what is likely to happen in the future. (FORMAL)

- Extrapolating from his American findings, he reckons about 80% of these deaths might be attributed to smoking.

- It is unhelpful to extrapolate general trends from one case.

VB

2. extrapolation extrapolations

- His estimate of half a million HIV positive cases was based on an extrapolation of the known incidence of the virus.

N-VAR

extra-sensory perception

extra-sensory perception
Extra-sensory perception means knowing without using your ordinary senses such as sight and hearing. Some people believe this is possible. The abbreviation ESP is also used.
N-UNCOUNT also extrasensory perception .

extraterrestrial

[D.J.:ˌekstrətəˈrestri:əl]

[K.K.:ˌɛkstrətəˈrɛstriəl]

adj.

地球外的,地球大气圈外的

n.

外星人

extraterrestrial

1. extraterrestrial
Extraterrestrial means happening, existing, or coming from somewhere beyond the planet Earth. (FORMAL)

- NASA has started a 10-year search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

- ...extraterrestrial rocks.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also extra-terrestrial .

2. extraterrestrial extraterrestrials
Extraterrestrials are living creatures that some people think exist or may exist in another part of the universe.
N-COUNT also extra-terrestrial .

extra time *

extra time
If a game of soccer, hockey, or basketball goes into extra time , the game continues for a set period after it would usually have ended because both teams have the same score. (BRIT; in AM use overtime )

- Cambridge won 2-0 after extra time.

N-UNCOUNT

extravagance

[D.J.:ɪkˈstrævəgəns]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstrævəɡəns]

n.

奢侈;挥霍

奢侈品;放纵的言行等

extravagance *

1. extravagance
Extravagance is the spending of more money than is reasonable or than you can afford.

- ...gross mismanagement and financial extravagance...

- When the company went under, tales of his extravagance surged through the industry.

N-UNCOUNT
= overspending

2. extravagance extravagances
An extravagance is something that you spend money on but cannot really afford.

- Her only extravagance was horses.

- Why waste money on such extravagances?

N-COUNT

extravagance

noun

1.

waste

lavishness

overspending

prodigality

profligacy

squandering

wastefulness

2.

excess

exaggeration

outrageousness

preposterousness

wildness

extravagant

[D.J.:iksˈtræviɡənt]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstrævəɡənt]

adj.

奢侈的, 铺张的

过度的, 过分的, 放肆的

extravagantly

adv.

挥霍无度地

extravagant *

1. extravagant
Someone who is extravagant spends more money than they can afford or uses more of something than is reasonable.

- We are not extravagant; restaurant meals are a luxury and designer clothes are out.

- I hope you don't think I'm extravagant but I've had the electric fire on for most of the day.

ADJ-GRADED

2. extravagantly

- The day before they left Jeff had shopped extravagantly for presents for the whole family.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. extravagant
Something that is extravagant costs more money than you can afford or uses more of something than is reasonable.

- Her Aunt Sallie gave her an uncharacteristically extravagant gift.

- Baking a whole cheese in pastry may seem extravagant.

- ...her extravagant lifestyle.

ADJ-GRADED

4. extravagantly

- By supercar standards, though, it is not extravagantly priced for a beautifully engineered machine.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed

5. extravagant
Extravagant behaviour is extreme behaviour that is often done for a particular effect.

- He was extravagant in his admiration of Hellas.

- They may make extravagant shows of generosity and concern for others.

ADJ-GRADED
= unrestrained

6. extravagantly

- She had on occasions praised him extravagantly.

- The shop windows were filled with extravagantly bizarre clothes and outrageous displays.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

7. extravagant
Extravagant claims or ideas are unrealistic or impractical.

- They have to compete by adorning their products with ever more extravagant claims.

- Don't be afraid to consider apparently extravagant ideas.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= absurd

8. extravagant
Extravagant entertainments or designs are elaborate and impressive.

- ...the wildest and most extravagant London parties.

- ...painting extravagant and bold designs onto wooden frames.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

9. extravagantly

- The day before announcing his farewell to business, Sir James talked to me in his extravagantly elegant Paris home.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed

extravagant

adjective

1.

wasteful

lavish

prodigal

profligate

spendthrift

2.

excessive

outrageous

over the top slang

preposterous

reckless

unreasonable

extravaganza

[D.J.:ɪkˌstrævəˈgænzə]

[K.K.:ɪkˌstrævəˈɡænzə]

n.

娱乐表演

extravaganza *

extravaganza extravaganzas
An extravaganza is a very elaborate and expensive show or performance.

- ...a magnificent firework extravaganza.

- ...an all-night musical extravaganza.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp
= spectacular

extreme

[D.J.:iksˈtri:m]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstrim]

adj.

尽头的, 末端的

极度的, 极端的; 过激的

n.

极端, 过分

extreme ***

1. extreme
Extreme means very great in degree or intensity.

- The girls were afraid of snakes and picked their way along with extreme caution.

- ...people living in extreme poverty.

- ...the author's extreme reluctance to generalise.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= great

2. extreme
You use extreme to describe situations and behaviour which are much more severe or unusual than you would expect, especially when you disapprove of them because of this.

- The extreme case was Poland, where 29 parties won seats.

- It is hard to imagine Lineker capable of anything so extreme.

- The scheme has been condemned as extreme.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

3. extreme
You use extreme to describe opinions, beliefs, or political movements which you disapprove of because they are very different from those that most people would accept as reasonable or normal.

- This extreme view hasn't captured popular opinion.

- ...the racist politics of the extreme right.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
≠ moderate

4. extreme extremes
You can use extremes to refer to situations or types of behaviour that have opposite qualities to each other, especially when each situation or type of behaviour has such a quality to the greatest degree possible.

- ...a `middle way' between the extremes of success and failure, wealth and poverty...

- They can withstand extremes of temperature and weather without fading or cracking.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N of n

5. extreme
The extreme end or edge of something is its furthest end or edge.

- ...the room at the extreme end of the corridor.

- ...winds from the extreme north.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= far

6. extreme
If a person goes to extremes or takes something to extremes , they do or say something in a way that people consider to be unacceptable, unreasonable, or foolish.

- The police went to the extremes of installing the most advanced safety devices in the man's house.

- The doctor told me not to mention dieting to her in case she took it to the extreme.

- There is a sense of shame, sometimes carried to extremes.

PHR: V and N inflect

7. extreme
You use in the extreme after an adjective in order to emphasize what you are saying, especially when you want to indicate that it is something which is undesirable or very surprising. (FORMAL)

- It is proving controversial in the extreme.

- Our rows become unhealthy in the extreme.

PHR: adj PHR emphasis

extreme

adjective

1.

maximum

acute

great

highest

intense

severe

supreme

ultimate

utmost

2.

severe

drastic

harsh

radical

rigid

strict

uncompromising

3.

excessive

fanatical

immoderate

radical

4.

farthest

far-off

most distant

outermost

remotest

noun

5.

limit

boundary

edge

end

extremity

pole

extremely

[D.J.:iksˈtri:mli]

adv.

极端;极其;非常

extremely ****

extremely
You use extremely in front of adjectives and adverbs to emphasize that the specified quality is present to a very great degree.

- My mobile phone is extremely useful.

- These headaches are extremely common.

- Three of them are working extremely well.

ADV: ADV adj/adv emphasis
= exceedingly very

extremely

adverb

very

awfully informal

exceedingly

exceptionally

extraordinarily

severely

terribly

uncommonly

unusually

extremism

[D.J.:iksˈtri:mizəm]

n.

极端主义

extremism *

extremism
Extremism is the behaviour or beliefs of extremists.

- Greater demands were being placed on the police by growing violence and left and right-wing extremism.

N-UNCOUNT

extremist

[D.J.:ɪkˈstri:mɪst]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstrimɪst]

n.

极端主义者;偏激的人

extremist **

1. extremist extremists
If you describe someone as an extremist , you disapprove of them because they try to bring about political change by using violent or extreme methods.

- He said the country needed a strong intelligence service to counter espionage, terrorism and foreign extremists.

- A previously unknown extremist group has said it carried out Friday's bomb attack.

- ...a marked rise in extremist violence.

N-COUNT disapproval

2. extremist
If you say that someone has extremist views, you disapprove of them because they believe in bringing about change by using violent or extreme methods.
ADJ: usu ADJ n disapproval

extremist

noun

fanatic

die-hard

radical

zealot

extremities

骨端

extremity

[D.J.:ɪkˈstremɪti:]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstrɛmɪti]

n.

端点,尽头

手和足

极窘迫的境地,绝境

extremity

1. extremity extremities
The extremity of something is its furthest end or edge. (FORMAL)

- ...a small port on the north-western extremity of the Iberian peninsula.

- ...the extremities of the aeroplane.

N-COUNT: with supp

2. extremity extremities
Your extremities are the end parts of your body, especially your hands and feet.

- He found that his extremities grew cold.

- Exercise is very important as it keeps the circulation moving and warms the extremities.

N-PLURAL: oft with poss

3. extremity
The extremity of a situation or of someone's behaviour is the degree to which it is severe, unusual, or unacceptable.

- In spite of the extremity of her seclusion she was sane.

- In the past, the region had been protected by its forbidding geography and the extremities of its climate.

- Only in extremity, when his defences had been reduced by six weeks of bombing, was he ready to leave.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, oft N of n

extremity

noun

1.

limit

border

boundary

edge

extreme

frontier

pinnacle

tip

2.

crisis

adversity

dire straits

disaster

emergency

exigency

trouble

extremities

3.

hands and feet

fingers and toes

limbs

extricate

[D.J.:ˈekstrɪˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɛkstrɪˌket]

vt.

使摆脱困难;脱身

extrication

n.

解脱

extricator

n.

解脱者

extrication

n.

救出,解脱

extricator

n.

解脱者,救出者

extricate

1. extricate extricates extricating extricated
If you extricate yourself or another person from a difficult or serious situation, you free yourself or the other person from it.

- It represents a last ditch attempt by the country to extricate itself from its economic crisis.

- She tugged on Hart's arm to extricate him from the circle of men with whom he'd been talking.

VB
= free

2. extricate extricates extricating extricated
If you extricate someone or something from a place where they are trapped or caught, you succeed in freeing them. (FORMAL)

- ...extricate the survivors...

- He endeavoured to extricate the car, digging with his hands in the blazing sunshine.

VB
= free

extricate

verb

free

disengage

disentangle

get out

release

remove

rescue

wriggle out of

extrinsic

[D.J.:ɪkˈstrɪnsɪk, -zɪk]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstrɪnsɪk, -zɪk]

adj.

非本质的,外在的, 不要紧的

外来的,外部的,外表的

extrinsically

adv.

extrinsic

extrinsic
Extrinsic reasons, forces, or factors exist outside the person or situation they affect. (FORMAL)

- Nowadays there are fewer extrinsic pressures to get married.

ADJ: ADJ n
= external ≠ intrinsic

extrovert

[D.J.:ˈekstrəˌvɜ:t]

[K.K.:ˈɛkstrəˌvə..t]

n.

性格外向的人

<口>活跃、愉快、爱交际的人

extrovert *

1. extrovert
Someone who is extrovert is very active, lively, and friendly. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use extroverted )

- His footballing skills and extrovert personality won the hearts of the public.

ADJ-GRADED
= outgoing ≠ introverted

2. extrovert extroverts
An extrovert is someone who is extrovert.

- He was a showman, an extrovert who revelled in controversy.

N-COUNT
≠ introvert

extrovert

adjective

outgoing

exuberant

gregarious

sociable

extroverted

[D.J.:ˈekstrəvə:tid]

[K.K.:ˈɛkstrəˌvɚtɪd]

adj.

外向性的,喜社交的

extroverted

extroverted
Someone who is extroverted is very active, lively, and friendly. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use extrovert )

- Some young people who were easy-going and extroverted as children become self-conscious in early adolescence.

ADJ-GRADED
= outgoing ≠ introverted

extrude

[D.J.:eksˈtru:d]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstrud]

v.

挤压出,挤压成,突出,伸出,逐出

extruding

压挤;挤压

extrude

extrude extrudes extruding extruded
If a substance is extruded , it is forced or squeezed out through a small opening. (TECHNICAL)

- These crystals are then embedded in a plastic, and the plastic is extruded as a wire.

- I work in the extruded tube business.

VB: usu passive

extrusion

[D.J.:eksˈtru:ʒən]

[K.K.:ɪkˈstruʒən]

n.

挤出,推出,喷出,赶出

extrusion

extrusion extrusions
Extrusion is the act or process of extruding something. (TECHNICAL)
N-VAR

exuberance

[D.J.:iɡˈzju:bərəns]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzubərəns]

n.

兴高采烈; 活跃; 愉快; 茁壮

exuberance *

1. exuberance
Exuberance is behaviour which is energetic, excited, and cheerful.

- Her burst of exuberance and her brightness overwhelmed me.

N-UNCOUNT
= ebullience effervescence

2. exuberance
If you talk about the exuberance of something, you like it because it is lively, exciting, and full of energy and life.

- The sheer exuberance of the sculpture was exhilarating.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= vitality

exuberance

noun

1.

high spirits

cheerfulness

ebullience

enthusiasm

liveliness

spirit

vitality

vivacity

zest

2.

luxuriance

abundance

copiousness

lavishness

profusion

exuberant

[D.J.:ɪgˈzu:bərənt]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzubərənt]

adj.

兴高采烈的;活跃的;愉快的

茁壮的,繁茂的

exuberantly

adv.

兴高采烈地;活跃地;愉快地

exuberant *

1. exuberant
If you are exuberant , you are full of energy, excitement, and cheerfulness.

- So the exuberant young girl with dark hair and blue eyes decided to become a screen actress.

ADJ-GRADED
= effervescent lively

2. exuberantly

- They both laughed exuberantly.

ADV-GRADED

3. exuberant
If you describe something as exuberant , you like it because it is lively, exciting, and full of energy and life.

- This is bold and exuberant cooking.

ADJ-GRADED approval

4. exuberantly

- ...exuberantly decorated.

ADV-GRADED

exuberant

adjective

1.

high-spirited

animated

cheerful

ebullient

energetic

enthusiastic

lively

spirited

vivacious

2.

luxuriant

abundant

copious

lavish

plentiful

profuse

exude

[D.J.:ɪgˈzu:d, ɪkˈsu:d]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzud, ɪkˈsud]

vt. & vi.

缓慢流出, 渗出, 分泌出

vt.

流露出对(某物)的神态或感情

exude *

1. exude exudes exuding exuded
If someone exudes a quality or feeling, or if it exudes , they show that they have it to a great extent. (FORMAL)

- The guerrillas exude confidence. Every town, they say, is under their control.

- She exudes an air of relaxed calm.

- A dogged air of confidence exuded.

V-ERG
= radiate

2. exude exudes exuding exuded
If something exudes a liquid or smell or if a liquid or smell exudes from it, the liquid or smell comes out of it slowly and steadily. (FORMAL)

- Nearby was a factory which exuded a pungent smell.

- People have already died from licking the fluid that exudes from the cane toad's back.

V-ERG

exult

[D.J.:ɪgˈzʌlt]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈzʌlt]

vi.

狂喜,欢跃

exultant

adj.

exultation

n.

exultant

[D.J.:ɪgˈzʌltənt]

[K.K.: ɪɡˈzʌltn..t]

adj.

狂喜的;欢欣鼓舞的

exultation

[D.J.:ˌeɡzʌlˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɛksəlˈteʃən, ˌɛɡzəl-]

n.

狂喜,大悦,欢欣,得意

exult

1. exult exults exulting exulted
If you exult in a triumph or success that you have had, you feel and show great happiness and pleasure because of it. (WRITTEN)

- He was exulting in a win at the show earlier that day.

- Some individual investors exulted at the record.

- I exulted and wept for joy.

- `This is what I've longed for during my entire career,' Kendall exulted.

VB

2. exultation exultations

- I felt a tremendous sense of relief and exultation.

N-UNCOUNT

exult

verb

be joyful

be overjoyed

celebrate

jump for joy

rejoice

exultantly

adv.

狂欢地,欢欣鼓舞地

exultant

1. exultant
If you are exultant , you feel very happy and proud about something you have done. (FORMAL)

- An exultant party leader said: `We had a first class candidate and ran a first-rate campaign. He will be an excellent MP.'

ADJ-GRADED
= delighted

2. exultantly

- `We cannot lose the war!' he shouted exultantly.

ADV: ADV with v

eye

[D.J.:ai]

[K.K.:aɪ]

n.

眼睛

视力, 眼力

见解, 观点

眼状物

vt.

定睛地看, 盯着

eyed

[D.J.:aid]

[K.K.:aɪd]

adj.

有眼的

eye *****

1. eye eyes
Your eyes are the parts of your body with which you see.

- I opened my eyes and looked.

- Maria's eyes filled with tears.

- ...a tall, thin white-haired lady with piercing dark brown eyes...

- He is now blind in one eye.

N-COUNT: oft poss N in pl

2. eye eyes eyeing or eying eyed
If you eye someone or something in a particular way, you look at them carefully in that way.

- Sally eyed Claire with interest.

- We eyed each other thoughtfully.

- Martin eyed the bottle at Marianne's elbow.

VB

3. eye eyes
You use eye when you are talking about a person's ability to judge things or about the way in which they are considering or dealing with things.

- William was a man of discernment, with an eye for quality.

- Their chief negotiator turned his critical eye on the United States.

- It did not take his practised eye long to notice that he was not the only one who was hanging about.

- He first learnt to fish under the watchful eye of his grandmother.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp, oft a N for n

4. eye eyes
An electric eye or infrared eye is a device which can recognize the presence of people or objects by detecting the light or heat coming from them.

- An infra-red eye is said to detect the movement of any animal within an angle of 110 degrees at up to 10 metres.

N-COUNT: adj N

5. eye
People sometimes talk about the eye of the camera when they are talking about something being filmed or photographed, or the way something appears in a photograph or film.

- I was again using the cold, unflinching eye of the camera to probe a sick society.

N-SING: usu with poss

6. eye eyes
An eye on a potato is one of the dark spots from which new stems grow.
N-COUNT

7. eye eyes
An eye is a small metal loop which a hook fits into, as a fastening on a piece of clothing.
N-COUNT

8. eye eyes
The eye of a needle is the small hole at one end which the thread passes through.
N-COUNT

9. eye
The eye of a storm, tornado, or hurricane is the centre of it.

- The eye of the hurricane hit Florida just south of Miami.

N-SING: the N of n
= centre

10. eye
If you say that something happens before your eyes , in front of your eyes , or under your eyes , you are emphasizing that it happens where you can see it clearly and often implying that it is surprising or unpleasant.

- A lot of them died in front of our eyes.

- We are under the eyes of both sides all the time.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR emphasis

11. eye
If you cast your eye or run your eye over something, you look at it or read it quickly.

- I would be grateful if he could cast an expert eye over it and tell me what he thought of it.

- If you run your eye up and down these columns you will see that the value of some of them declined.

PHR: V inflects, PHR prep

12. eye
If something catches your eye , you suddenly notice it.

- As she turned back, a movement across the lawn caught her eye.

PHR: V inflects
See also eye-catching .

13. eye
If you catch someone's eye , you do something to attract their attention, so that you can speak to them.

- I tried to catch Chrissie's eye to find out what she was playing at.

PHR: V inflects

14. eye
To clap eyes on someone or something, or set or lay eyes on them, means to see them. (INFORMAL)

- That's probably the most bare, bleak, barren and inhospitable island I've ever had the misfortune to clap my eyes on.

- What was he doing when you last set eyes on him?

PHR: V inflects, oft after superl, oft with brd-neg
= see

15. eye
If you make eye contact with someone, you look at them at the same time as they look at you, so that you are both aware that you are looking at each other. If you avoid eye contact with someone, you deliberately do not look straight at them because you feel awkward or embarrassed.

- She was looking at me across the room, and we made eye contact several times.

- I spent a fruitless ten minutes walking up and down the high street, desperately avoiding eye contact with passers-by.

PHR: PHR after v

16. eye
If you close your eyes to something bad or if you shut your eyes to it, you ignore it.

- Most governments must simply be shutting their eyes to the problem.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= ignore

17. eye
If you cry your eyes out , you cry very hard. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects

18. eye
You say ` an eye for an eye ' or ` an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth ' to refer to the idea that people should be punished according to the way in which they offended, for example if they hurt someone, they should be hurt equally badly in return.

- ...a very simple punishment code based on an-eye-for-an-eye.

PHR

19. eye
If there is something as far as the eye can see , there is a lot of it and you cannot see anything else beyond it.

- Here, massive dunes stretched in every direction as far as the eye could see.

- There are pine trees as far as the eye can see.

PHR

20. eye
If you say that someone has an eye for something, you mean that they are good at noticing it or making judgements about it.

- Susan has a keen eye for detail, so each dress is beautifully finished off.

PHR: V inflects

21. eye
You use expressions such as in his eyes or to her eyes to indicate that you are reporting someone's opinion and that other people might think differently.

- The other serious problem in the eyes of the new government is communalism.

- Richard Dorrington was, in their eyes, a very sensible and reliable man.

- The practice of religion in America sometimes seems strange to European eyes.

PHR: PHR with cl-group

22. eye
If you keep your eyes open or keep an eye out for someone or something, you watch for them carefully. (INFORMAL)

- I ask the mounted patrol to keep their eyes open.

- You and your friends keep an eye out -- if there's any trouble we'll make a break for it.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR for n

23. eye
If you tell someone to keep their eyes peeled for something, you are telling them to watch very carefully for it. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects, oft PHR for n

24. eye
If you keep an eye on something or someone, you watch them carefully, for example to make sure that they are satisfactory or safe, or not causing trouble.

- I'm sure you will appreciate that we must keep a careful eye on all our running costs.

- I went for a run there, keeping an eye on the children the whole time.

- They're using villagers to keep an eye on each other, to spy on each other.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

25. eye
If you make eyes at someone, you look at them in a way which shows that you find them attractive and which is intended to get their attention. (INFORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED)
PHR: V inflects, PHR n

26. eye
You say ` there's more to this than meets the eye ' when you think a situation is not as simple as it seems to be.

- I have to admit this whole business is very puzzling. Even your father says he thinks there is a lot more to it than meets the eye.

PHR

27. eye
If something, especially something surprising or impressive, meets your eyes , you see it.

- The first sight that met my eyes on reaching the front door was the church enveloped in flames.

PHR: V inflects

28. eye
If you say that all eyes are on something or that the eyes of the world are on something, you mean that everyone is paying careful attention to it and what will happen. (JOURNALISM)

- All eyes will be on tomorrow's vote.

- The eyes of the world were now on the police.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

29. eye
If someone has their eye on you, they are watching you carefully to see what you do.

- As the boat plodded into British waters and up the English Channel, Customs had their eye on her.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

30. eye
If you have your eye on something, you want to have it. (INFORMAL)

- If you're saving up for a new outfit you've had your eye on, cheap dinners for a month might let you buy it.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

31. eye
If you say that you did something with your eyes open or with your eyes wide open , you mean that you knew about the problems and difficulties that you were likely to have.

- We want all our members to undertake this trip responsibly, with their eyes open.

PHR: PHR after v

32. eye
If something opens your eyes , it makes you aware that something is different from the way that you thought it was.

- Watching your child explore the world about her can open your eyes to delights long forgotten.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR to n

33. eye
If you see eye to eye with someone, you agree with them and have the same opinions and views.

- Yuriko saw eye to eye with Yul on almost every aspect of the production.

- We've never seen eye to eye.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, PHR with n, pl-n PHR

34. eye
If you say that someone or something is at the eye of the storm , you mean they are the main subject of a public disagreement.

- The bowlers at the eye of the storm were nowhere in evidence.

- ...the minister in the eye of the storm.

PHR: usu prep PHR

35. eye
When you take your eyes off the thing you have been watching or looking at, you stop looking at it.

- She took her eyes off the road to glance at me.

- Nina couldn't take her eyes off Philip.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

36. eye
If someone sees or considers something through your eyes , they consider it in the way that you do, from your point of view.

- She tried to see things through his eyes.

- The story is told through the eyes of Inspector Simon Potter.

PHR: PHR after v

37. eye
If you say that you are up to your eyes in something, you are emphasizing that you have a lot of it to deal with, and often that you are very busy. (INFORMAL)

- I am up to my eyes in work.

- The women are just up to their eyes in debt.

PHR: v-link PHR, usu PHR in n emphasis

eye

noun

1.

eyeball

optic informal

2.

appreciation

discernment

discrimination

judgment

perception

recognition

taste

verb

3.

look at

check out informal

contemplate

inspect

study

survey

view

watch

eye up *****

eye up eyes up; eyeing up or eying up; eyed up
If someone eyes you up , they look at you in a way that shows they consider you attractive. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...a slob called Drew who spends all day eyeing up the women and making lewd comments...

- The women sit in the corner and men eye them up.

PHR-V
= ogle

eyeball

[D.J.:ˈaɪˌbɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈaɪˌbɔl]

n.

眼球;眼珠子

eyeball to eyeball (with sb)

(与某人)面对面，对峙

eyeballing

n.

目测

eyeball *

1. eyeball eyeballs
Your eyeballs are your whole eyes, rather than just the part which can be seen between your eyelids.
N-COUNT

2. eyeball eyeballs eyeballing eyeballed
If you eyeball someone or something, you stare at them. (INFORMAL)

- The guard eyeballed him pretty hard despite his pass.

VB

3. eyeball
If you are eyeball to eyeball with someone, you are in their presence and involved in a meeting, dispute, or contest with them. You can also talk about having an eyeball to eyeball meeting or confrontation. (INFORMAL)

- ...the young thug who stands eyeball-to-eyeball with his victim.

- ...proposals that the two armies end their eyeball to eyeball confrontation and withdraw.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR, PHR n, oft PHR with n
= face to face

4. eyeball
You use up to the eyeballs to emphasize that someone is in an undesirable state to a very great degree.

- ...driving around Los Angeles drugged up to the eyeballs...

- He is out of a job and up to his eyeballs in debt.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, adj/-ed PHR, PHR in n emphasis

eyebrow

[D.J.:ˈaibrau]

[K.K.:ˈaɪˌbraʊ]

n.

眉毛

eyebrows

眉毛

eyebrow **

1. eyebrow eyebrows
Your eyebrows are the lines of hair which grow above your eyes.
N-COUNT: usu pl, oft poss N

2. eyebrow
If something causes you to raise an eyebrow or to raise your eyebrows , it causes you to feel surprised or disapproving.

- An intriguing item on the news pages caused me to raise an eyebrow over my morning coffee.

- He raised his eyebrows over some of the suggestions.

- He was looking at her with his eyebrows raised questioningly.

PHR: V inflects

eye-catching

[D.J.:ˈaiˌkætʃiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈaɪˌkætʃɪŋ]

adj.

令人注意的

eye-catching *

eye-catching
Something that is eye-catching is very noticeable.

- ...a series of eye-catching ads.

ADJ-GRADED
= striking

-eyed

-eyed
-eyed combines with adjectives to form adjectives which indicate the colour, shape, or size of a person's eyes, or indicate the kind of expression that they have.

- ...a blonde-haired, blue-eyed little girl...

- She watched open-eyed as the plane took off.

- ...watched by large crowds, sad-eyed and silent.

COMB in ADJ

eye drops

eye drops
Eye drops are a kind of medicine that you put in your eyes one drop at a time.
N-PLURAL

eyeful

[D.J.:ˈaiful]

[K.K.:ˈaɪˌfʊl]

n.

满眼,满眶,一瞥所见

eyeful

eyeful eyefuls
If you get an eyeful of something, especially of something that you would not normally see, you are able to get a good look at it. (INFORMAL)

- Then she bent over and gave him an eyeful of her tattoos.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

eyeglasses

eyeglasses
Eyeglasses are two lenses in a frame that some people wear in front of their eyes in order to help them see better. (AM; in BRIT usually use glasses )
N-PLURAL
= glasses spectacles

eyelash

[D.J.:ˈaɪˌlæʃ]

[K.K.:ˈaɪˌlæʃ]

n.

睫毛

eyelashes

n.

睫毛

eyelash *

eyelash eyelashes
Your eyelashes are the hairs which grow on the edges of your eyelids.
N-COUNT: usu pl

eyelet

[D.J.:ˈailit]

[K.K.:ˈaɪlɪt]

n.

眼孔,孔眼,小孔,针眼,金属圈

eyelet

eyelet eyelets
An eyelet is a small hole with a metal or leather ring round it which is made in cloth, for example a sail. You can put cord, rope, or string through it.
N-COUNT

eyelid

[D.J.:ˈaɪˌlɪd]

[K.K.:ˈaɪˌlɪd]

n.

眼睑,眼皮

not bat an eyelid

眼睛也不眨一下；不露声色；面不改色

not stir an eyelid

不眨眼;不为所动

eyelid *

eyelid eyelids
Your eyelids are the two pieces of skin which cover your eyes when they are closed.
N-COUNT: usu pl
not bat an eyelid : see bat .

eyeliner

[D.J.:ˈailainə]

[K.K.:ˈaɪˌlaɪnɚ]

n.

眼线膏

eyeliner

eyeliner eyeliners
Eyeliner is a special kind of pencil which some women use on the edges of their eyelids next to their eyelashes in order to look more attractive.
N-MASS (AM) eye-liner

eye-opener

[D.J.:ˈaɪˌəʊpnə(r)]

[K.K.: ˈaɪˌopənɚ]

n.

使人惊奇的事物，打开眼界的事物

eye-opener

eye-opener eye-openers
If you describe something as an eye-opener , you mean that it surprises you and that you learn something new from it. (INFORMAL)

- This summer's tour was an eye-opener for her. For the first time ever, the halls were not fully booked.

- Writing these scripts has been quite an eye-opener to me. It proves that one can do anything if the need is urgent.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu a N
= revelation

eye patch

eye patch eye patches
An eye patch is a piece of material which you wear over your eye when you have damaged or injured it.
N-COUNT

eyepiece

[D.J.:ˈaipi:s]

[K.K.:ˈaɪˌpis]

n.

目镜

eyepiece

eyepiece eyepieces
The eyepiece of a microscope or telescope is the piece of glass at one end, where you put your eye in order to look through the instrument.
N-COUNT

eye shadow

eye shadow eye shadows
Eye shadow is a substance which you can paint on your eyelids in order to make them a different colour.
N-MASS also eye-shadow .

eyesight

[D.J.:ˈaisait]

[K.K.:ˈaɪˌsaɪt]

n.

视力

eyesight *

eyesight
Your eyesight is your ability to see.

- He suffered from poor eyesight and could no longer read properly.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

eyesight

noun

vision

perception

sight

eye socket

eye socket eye sockets
Your eye sockets are the two hollow parts on either side of your face, where your eyeballs are.
N-COUNT

eyesore

[D.J.:ˈaɪˌsɔ:, ˈaɪˌsəʊr]

[K.K.:ˈaɪˌsɔr, ˈaɪˌsor]

n.

难看的东西

eyesore

eyesore eyesores
You describe a building or place as an eyesore when it is extremely ugly and you dislike it or disapprove of it.

- Poverty leads to slums, which are an eyesore and a health hazard.

N-COUNT: usu sing disapproval

eyesore

noun

mess

blemish

blot

disfigurement

horror

monstrosity

sight informal

eye strain

eye strain
If you suffer from eye strain , you feel pain around your eyes or at the back of your eyes, because you are very tired or should be wearing glasses.
N-UNCOUNT

eye teeth

eye teeth
If you say that you would give your eye teeth for something, you mean that you want it very much and you would do anything to get it. (INFORMAL)

- She has the job most of us would give our eye teeth for.

PHR: V inflects

eyewear

eyewear
Eyewear is sometimes used to talk about glasses and sunglasses.
N-UNCOUNT

eyewitness

[D.J.:ˈaɪˈwɪtnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈaɪˈwɪtnɪs]

n.

目击者

eyewitness *

eyewitness eyewitnesses
An eyewitness is a person who was present at an event and can therefore describe it, for example in a law court.

- Eyewitnesses say the police then opened fire on the crowd.

- Many of the papers have dramatic eye-witness accounts of the fighting.

N-COUNT

eyewitness

noun

observer

bystander

onlooker

passer-by

spectator

viewer

witness

eyrie

[D.J.:ˈiəri]

[K.K.:ˈɛri, ˈɪri]

n.

(鹰等的)巢,高山住屋(或城堡)

eyrie

1. eyrie eyries
If you refer to a place such as a house or a castle as an eyrie , you mean is it built high up and is difficult to reach. (LITERARY)

- I sit here marooned in my 48th floor eyrie in the sky, utterly alone.

N-COUNT: with supp (AM) aerie

2. eyrie eyries
An eyrie is the nest of a bird of prey such as an eagle, and is usually built high up in the mountains.
N-COUNT (AM) aerie

F

[ef]

n.

字母F

f

(以态度、言语、抚摸)表示爱抚

F, f

1. F, f F's, f's
F is the sixth letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

2. F, f F's, f's
In music, F is the fourth note in the scale of C major.
N-VAR

3. f.
f. is an abbreviation for `following'. It is written after a page or line number to indicate that you are referring to both the page or line mentioned and the one after it. You use ff. when you are referring to the page or line mentioned and two or more pages or lines after it.

4. F, f
F or f is a written abbreviation for words beginning with f, such as `female', `feminine', `franc', `false', and `Fahrenheit'.

- Heat the oven to 400 degrees F.

5. F, f
In a piece of music, f is a written abbreviation for forte and indicates that the piece should be played loudly.

fab

[D.J.:fæb]

[K.K.:fæb]

adj.

〈俚〉极好的; 绝妙的

fab *

fab
If you say that something is fab , you are emphasizing that you think it is very good. (INFORMAL)

- The dancing is fab.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= great

fable

[D.J.:ˈfeibl]

[K.K.:ˈfebəl]

n.

寓言

神话, 传说

fable *

1. fable fables
A fable is a story which teaches a moral lesson. Fables sometimes have animals as the main characters.

- ...the fable of the tortoise and the hare...

- Each tale has the timeless quality of fable.

N-VAR
= legend

2. fable fables
You can describe a statement or explanation that is untrue but that many people believe as fable .

- Is reincarnation fact or fable?

- ...little-known horticultural facts and fables.

N-VAR
= myth

fable

noun

1.

story

allegory

legend

myth

parable

tale

2.

fiction

fabrication

fantasy

invention

tall story informal

urban legend

yarn informal

fabled

[D.J.:ˈfeɪbəld]

[K.K.:ˈfebəld]

adj.

寓言中的;虚构的

fabled

fabled
If you describe a person or thing as fabled , especially someone or something remarkable, you mean that they are well known because they are often talked about or a lot of stories are told about them.

- You cannot go home without visiting the fabled art collections of the Prado.

- ...the fabled city of Troy.

ADJ: ADJ n
= legendary

fabric

[D.J.:ˈfæbrik]

[K.K.:ˈfæbrɪk]

n.

织物, 布

构造, 组织

fabric ***

1. fabric fabrics
Fabric is cloth or other material produced by weaving together cotton, nylon, wool, silk, or other threads. Fabrics are used for making things such as clothes, curtains, and sheets.

- ...small squares of red cotton fabric...

- Whatever your colour scheme, there's a fabric to match.

N-MASS

2. fabric
The fabric of a society or system is its basic structure, with all the customs and beliefs that make it work successfully.

- The fabric of society has been deeply damaged by the previous regime.

- Years of civil war have wrecked the country's infrastructure and destroyed its social fabric.

N-SING: with supp, usu the N of n

3. fabric
The fabric of a building is its walls, roof, and the materials with which it is built.

- Condensation will eventually cause the fabric of the building to rot away.

N-SING: usu the N of n

fabric

noun

1.

cloth

material

stuff

textile

web

2.

framework

constitution

construction

foundations

make-up

organization

structure

fabricate

[D.J.:ˈfæbrikeit]

[K.K.:ˈfæbrɪˌket]

vt.

编造, 捏造, 虚构; 伪造

建造

fabricated

焊接的

fabrication

[D.J.:ˌfæbrɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌfæbrɪˈkeʃən]

n.

制造;组建

构造物

捏造;虚构物

fabricate *

1. fabricate fabricates fabricating fabricated
If someone fabricates information, they invent it in order to deceive people.

- All four claim that officers fabricated evidence against them.

- Eleven key Communist officials were hanged on fabricated charges.

VB

2. fabrication fabrications

- She described the interview with her in an Italian magazine as a `complete fabrication'.

- China calls the report pure fabrication.

N-VAR
= invention

3. fabricate fabricates fabricating fabricated
If something is fabricated from different materials or substances, it is made out of those materials or substances.

- All the tools are fabricated from high quality steel.

- ...a plant which fabricates airplane components.

VB
= manufacture

4. fabrication

- More than 200 improvements, many of them major, were made in the design and fabrication of the shuttle.

N-SING

fabricate

verb

1.

make up

concoct

devise

fake

falsify

feign

forge

invent

trump up

2.

build

assemble

construct

erect

form

make

manufacture

shape

fabrication

noun

1.

forgery

concoction

fake

falsehood

fiction

invention

lie

myth

2.

construction

assembly

building

erection

manufacture

production

fabulous

[D.J.:ˈfæbjuləs]

[K.K.:ˈfæbjələs]

adj.

寓言般的, 难以置信的

巨大的

极为美好的

fabulously

adv.

难以置信地,惊人地

fabulous **

1. fabulous
If you describe something as fabulous , you are emphasizing that you like it a lot or think that it is very good. (INFORMAL)

- This is a fabulous album. It's fresh, varied, fun.

- The scenery and weather were fabulous.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= wonderful

2. fabulous
If you talk about someone's fabulous beauty, for example, or their fabulous success, you are emphasizing that they are extremely beautiful or extremely successful.

- Despite his fabulous wealth, he is very much a man of the people.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis

3. fabulously

- ...their fabulously rich parents.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv

fabulous

adjective

1.

wonderful

brilliant

fantastic informal

marvellous

out-of-this-world informal

sensational informal

spectacular

superb

2.

astounding

amazing

breathtaking

inconceivable

incredible

phenomenal

unbelievable

3.

legendary

apocryphal

fantastic

fictitious

imaginary

invented

made-up

mythical

unreal

facade

[D.J.:fəˈsɑ:d]

n.

<建>(房屋的)正面

假象;外观

facade *

1. facade facades
The facade of a building, especially a large one, is its front wall or the wall that faces the street.
N-COUNT also fa¸cade .
= frontage

2. facade
A facade is an outward appearance which is deliberately false and gives you a wrong impression about someone or something.

- They hid the troubles plaguing their marriage behind a facade of family togetherness.

N-SING: oft N of n also fa¸cade .
= show semblance

face

[D.J.:feis]

[K.K.:fes]

n.

脸, 面孔

面容, 面部表情

外表, 外貌

表面, 正面

面子, 威严

vt. & vi.

面对, 面向…

正视; 承认

vt.

面临…

faced

[feist]

adj.

具有…脸型的,有…表面的,有…贴边的,饰面的,砌面的,复面的

faces

斧刃面

facing

[D.J.:ˈfeisiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfesɪŋ]

n.

饰面; 覆盖(如墙壁的)表面的覆饰

(衣服的)贴边

face 1 noun uses *****

1. face faces
Your face is the front part of your head from your chin to the top of your forehead, where your mouth, eyes, nose, and other features are.

- He rolled down his window and stuck his face out.

- A strong wind was blowing right in my face.

- He was going red in the face and breathing with difficulty.

- She had a beautiful face.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

2. face faces
If your face is happy, sad, or serious, for example, the expression on your face shows that you are happy, sad, or serious.

- He was walking around with a sad face.

- The priest frowned into the light, his face puzzled.

N-COUNT: poss N, adj N

3. face faces
The face of a cliff, mountain, or building is a vertical surface or side of it.

- Harrer was one of the first to climb the north face of the Eiger.

- He scrambled 200 feet up the cliff face.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

4. face faces
The face of a clock or watch is the surface with the numbers or hands on it, which shows the time.
N-COUNT

5. face
If you say that the face of an area, institution, or field of activity is changing, you mean its appearance or nature is changing.

- ...the changing face of the British countryside...

- This would change the face of Malaysian politics.

N-SING: the N of n

6. face
If you refer to something as the particular face of an activity, belief, or system, you mean that it is one particular aspect of it, in contrast to other aspects.

- Brothels, she insists, are the acceptable face of prostitution.

- With the collapse of the old system, the ugly face of capitalism to some extent is appearing again.

N-SING: the adj N of n

7. face
If you lose face , you do something which makes you appear weak and makes people respect or admire you less. If you do something in order to save face , you do it in order to avoid appearing weak and losing people's respect or admiration.

- England doesn't want a war but it doesn't want to lose face.

- To cancel the airport would mean a loss of face for the present governor.

- Children have an almost obsessive need to save face in front of their peers.

N-UNCOUNT

8. face
If something that you have planned blows up in your face , it goes wrong unexpectedly, with the result that you suffer.

- Can't you see this could blow up in your face?

PHR: V inflects
= backfire

9. face
If you say that someone can do something until they are blue in the face , you are emphasizing that however much they do it, it will not make any difference.

- You can criticise him until you're blue in the face, but you'll never change his personality.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

10. face
If someone or something is face down , their face or front points downwards. If they are face up , their face or front points upwards.

- All the time Stephen was lying face down and unconscious in the bath tub.

- Charles laid down his cards face up.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

11. face
You can use the expression ` on the face of the earth ' to mean `in the whole world', when you are emphasizing a statement that you are making or making a very exaggerated statement.

- No human being on the face of the earth could do anything worse than what he did.

PHR: n PHR, usu after adj-super/brd-neg emphasis

12. face
If you say that something will be wiped off the face of the earth or disappear from the face of the earth , you mean that it will stop existing.

- If a nuclear war breaks out, every living thing will be wiped off the face of the Earth.

PHR: PHR after v

13. face
If you come face to face with someone, you meet them and can talk to them or look at them directly.

- We were strolling into the town when we came face to face with Jacques Dubois.

- It was the first face-to-face meeting between the two men.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n, oft PHR with n

14. face
If you come face to face with a difficulty or reality, you cannot avoid it and have to deal with it.

- Eventually, he came face to face with discrimination again.

- I was gradually being brought face to face with the fact that I had very little success.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n

15. face
If an action or belief flies in the face of accepted ideas or rules, it seems to completely oppose or contradict them.

- ...scientific principles that seem to fly in the face of common sense...

- He said that the decision flew in the face of natural justice.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

16. face
If you take a particular action or attitude in the face of a problem or difficulty, you respond to that problem or difficulty in that way.

- The Prime Minister has called for national unity in the face of the violent anti-government protests.

- Roosevelt was defiant in the face of the bad news.

PHR-PREP

17. face
If someone laughs in your face , they are openly disrespectful towards you.

- With juveniles under eighteen, there's little we can do. We can't keep them in custody. They just laugh in your face.

PHR: V and N inflect

18. face
If you have a long face , you look very unhappy or serious.

- He came to me with a very long face.

PHR: N inflects

19. face
If you make a face , you show a feeling such as dislike or disgust by putting an exaggerated expression on your face, for example by sticking out your tongue. In British English, you can also say pull a face .

- Opening the door, she made a face at the musty smell.

- Kathryn pulled a face at Thomas behind his back.

PHR: V and N inflect, oft PHR at n

20. face
You say on the face of it when you are describing how something seems when it is first considered, in order to suggest that people's opinion may change when they know or think more about the subject.

- On the face of it that seems to make sense. But the figures don't add up.

- It is, on the face of it, difficult to see how the West could radically change its position.

PHR: PHR with cl

21. face
If you put a brave face on a bad situation or put on a brave face , you try not to show how disappointed or upset you are about the situation. In American English you can also say put on a good face .

- Friends will see you are putting on a brave face and might assume you've got over your grief.

- Scientists are putting a good face on the troubles.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR n

22. face
You can say that someone has set their face against something to indicate that they are opposed to it, especially when you want to suggest that they are wrong. (mainly BRIT)

- This Government has set its face against putting up income tax.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n/-ing

23. face
If you show your face somewhere, you go there and see people, although you are not welcome, are rather unwilling to go, or have not been there for some time.

- If she shows her face again back in Massachusetts she'll find a warrant for her arrest waiting.

- I felt I ought to show my face at her father's funeral.

PHR: V inflects, PHR adv/prep

24. face
If you manage to keep a straight face , you manage to look serious, although you want to laugh.

- What went through Tom's mind I can't imagine, but he did manage to keep a straight face.

- You have to wonder how anyone could say that seriously and with a straight face.

PHR: PHR after v, with PHR

25. face
If you say something to someone's face , you say it openly in their presence.

- Her opponent called her a liar to her face.

PHR: PHR after v

26. face
If a feeling is written all over your face or is written across your face , it is very obvious to other people from your expression.

- Relief and gratitude were written all over his face.

- I could just see the pain written across her face.

PHR: V inflects

face 2 verb and phrasal verb uses *****

1. face faces facing faced
If someone or something faces a particular thing, person, or direction, they are positioned opposite them or are looking in that direction.

- They stood facing each other.

- The garden faces south.

VB

2. face faces facing faced
If you face someone or something, you turn so that you are looking at them.

- She stood up from the table and faced him.

- Stand up. Face the wall.

VB

3. face faces facing faced
If you have to face a person or group, you have to stand or sit in front of them and talk to them, although it may be difficult and unpleasant.

- Christie looked relaxed and calm as he faced the press.

- He was hauled in to face the judge.

VB

4. face faces facing faced
If you face or are faced with something difficult or unpleasant, or if it faces you, it is going to affect you and you have to deal with it.

- Williams faces life in prison if convicted of attempted murder.

- The immense difficulties facing European businessmen in Russia were only too evident.

- We are faced with a serious problem.

VB

5. face faces facing faced
If you face the truth or face the facts, you accept that something is true. If you face someone with the truth or with the facts, you try to make them accept that something is true.

- Although your heart is breaking, you must face the truth that a relationship has ended.

- He accused the Government of refusing to face facts about the economy.

- He called a family conference and faced them with the problems.

VB

6. face up to faces up to; facing up to; faced up to
Face up to means the same as face .

- I have grown up now and I have to face up to my responsibilities.

- They were having to face up to the fact that they had lost everything.

PHR-V

7. face faces facing faced
If you cannot face something, you do not feel able to do it because it seems so difficult or unpleasant.

- I couldn't face the prospect of spending a Saturday night there, so I decided to press on.

- My children want me with them for Christmas Day, but I can't face it.

- I couldn't face seeing anyone.

VB: with neg

8. face
You use the expression ` let's face it ' when you are stating a fact or making a comment about something which you think the person you are talking to may find unpleasant or be unwilling to admit.

- She was always attracted to younger men. But, let's face it, who is not?

PHR: PHR with cl

facing

1. facing
Facing is fabric which is stitched inside the edges of a piece of clothing in order to make them look neat and strengthen them.
N-UNCOUNT

2. facing facings
The facings of a garment such as a jacket or coat are the parts around the neck and wrists when they are made of a different fabric from the main part, or are a different colour.
N-PLURAL

3. facing facings
A facing on a wall is a layer of stone, concrete, or other material that is spread over its surface in order to make it look attractive.
N-VAR

face

noun

1.

countenance

features

mug slang

visage

2.

expression

appearance

aspect

look

3.

scowl

frown

grimace

pout

smirk

4.

fa¸cade

appearance

display

exterior

front

mask

show

5.

side

exterior

front

outside

surface

6.

self-respect

authority

dignity

honour

image

prestige

reputation

standing

status

verb

7.

meet

brave

come up against

confront

deal with

encounter

experience

oppose

tackle

8.

look onto

be opposite

front onto

overlook

9.

coat

clad

cover

dress

finish

face up to

verb

accept

acknowledge

come to terms with

confront

cope with

deal with

meet head-on

tackle

face down *****

face down faces down; facing down; faced down
If you face someone down , you oppose them or defeat them by being confident and looking at them boldly. (mainly AM)

- He's confronted crowds before and faced them down.

PHR-V

facecloth

[ˈfeisklɔθ]

n.

毛巾

facecloth

facecloth facecloths
A facecloth is the same as a face flannel or washcloth . (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT also face cloth .

face cream

face cream face creams
Face cream is a thick substance that you rub into your face in order to keep it soft.
N-MASS

-faced

-faced
-faced combines with adjectives to form other adjectives that describe someone's face or expression.

- ...a slim, thin-faced man...

- The committee walked out, grim-faced and shocked.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED
See also ashen-faced , bare-faced , po-faced , poker-faced , red-faced , shamefaced , straight-faced , two-faced .

face flannel

face flannel face flannels
A face flannel is a small cloth made of towelling which you use for washing yourself. (BRIT; in AM usually use washcloth )
N-COUNT

faceless

[D.J.:ˈfeislis]

[K.K.:ˈfeslɪs]

adj.

姓名不详的,不露面的

faceless *

faceless
If you describe someone or something as faceless , you dislike them because they are uninteresting and have no character.

- Ordinary people are at the mercy of faceless bureaucrats.

ADJ: usu ADJ n disapproval

faceless

adjective

impersonal

anonymous

remote

facelift

[ˈfeislift]

n.

去皱整容手术; 面部拉皮手术

(建筑物、房间、地方的)翻新, 整修

facelift

1. facelift facelifts
If you give a place or thing a facelift , you do something that will make it look better or more attractive.

- Nothing gives a room a faster facelift than a coat of paint.

N-COUNT: usu sing also face lift .

2. facelift facelifts
A facelift is an operation in which a surgeon tightens the skin on someone's face in order to make them look younger.
N-COUNT also face lift .

face mask

1. face mask face masks
A face mask is a device that you wear over your face, for example to prevent yourself from breathing bad air or from spreading germs, or to protect your face when you are in a dangerous situation.
N-COUNT

2. face mask face masks
A face mask is the same as a face pack . (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

face pack

face pack face packs
A face pack is a thick substance which you spread on your face, allow to dry for a short time, and then remove, in order to clean your skin thoroughly. (BRIT; in AM use face mask )
N-COUNT

face powder

face powder face powders
Face powder is a very fine soft powder that you can put on your face in order to make it look smoother.
N-MASS
= powder

face-saver

[D.J.:ˈfeɪsˌseɪvə]

[K.K.:ˈfesˌsevɚ]

n.

保全面子者

face-saver

face-saver face-savers
A face-saver is an action or excuse which prevents damage to your reputation or the loss of people's respect for you. (JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT

face-saving

[ˈfeisˌseiviŋ]

adj.

保全面子的

face-saving

face-saving
A face-saving action is one which prevents damage to your reputation or prevents the loss of people's respect for you.

- The decision appears to be a face-saving compromise which will allow the government to remain in office.

ADJ: ADJ n

facet

[D.J.:ˈfæsit]

[K.K.:ˈfæsɪt]

n.

(宝石或首饰的)小平面, 面

(事物的)面, 方面

facet *

1. facet facets
A facet of something is a single part or aspect of it.

- The caste system shapes nearly every facet of Indian life.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. facet facets
The facets of a diamond or other precious stone are the flat surfaces that have been cut on its outside.
N-COUNT

facet

noun

aspect

angle

face

part

phase

plane

side

slant

surface

facetious

[D.J.:fəˈsi:ʃəs]

[K.K.:fəˈsiʃəs]

adj.

爱开玩笑的, 轻率的;滑稽的, 好笑的

facetiously

adv.

爱开玩笑地

facetiousness

n.

滑稽

facetiously

adv.

滑稽地,爱开玩笑地

facetious

1. facetious
If you say that someone is being facetious , you are criticizing them because they are making humorous remarks or saying things that they do not mean in a situation where they ought to be serious.

- The woman eyed him coldly. `Don't be facetious,' she said.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= flippant

2. facetiously

- Al facetiously described himself as the Last Angry Man.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

facetious

adjective

funny

amusing

comical

droll

flippant

frivolous

humorous

jocular

playful

tongue in cheek

face value *

1. face value
The face value of things such as coins, paper money, investment documents, or tickets is the amount of money that they are worth, and that is written on them.

- Tickets were selling at twice their face value.

N-SING

2. face value
If you take something at face value , you accept it and believe it without thinking about it very much, even though it might untrue.

- Public statements from the various groups involved should not necessarily be taken at face value.

PHR: PHR after v

facial

[D.J.:ˈfeɪʃəl]

[K.K.:ˈfeʃəl]

adj.

面孔的;面部用的

n.

美容;面部按摩

facial **

1. facial
Facial means appearing on or being part of your face.

- Cross didn't answer; his facial expression didn't change.

- I ended up in hospital with facial injuries.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. facial facials
A facial is a sort of beauty treatment in which someone's face is massaged, and creams and other substances are rubbed into it.
N-COUNT

facile

[D.J.:ˈfæsəl]

[K.K.:ˈfæsəl]

adj.

容易达到的但无价值的

能说会道的,油嘴滑舌的

facile

facile
If you describe someone's arguments or suggestions as facile , you are criticizing them because their ideas are too simple and indicate a lack of careful, intelligent thinking.

- I hated him suggesting facile solutions when I knew very well that the problem was extremely complex.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= shallow

facile

adjective

superficial

cursory

glib

hasty

shallow

slick

facilitate

[D.J.:fəˈsiliteit]

[K.K.:fəˈsɪlɪˌtet]

vt.

使便利, 减轻…的困难

facilitate *

facilitate facilitates facilitating facilitated
To facilitate an action or process, especially one that you would like to happen, means to make it easier or more likely to happen.

- The new airport will facilitate the development of tourism.

- He argued that the economic recovery had been facilitated by his tough stance.

VB
= help further

facilitate

verb

promote

expedite

forward

further

help

make easy

pave the way for

speed up

facilitator

服务商

facilitators

服务性企业

facilitator

facilitator facilitators
A facilitator is a person or organization that helps another person or organization to do or to achieve a particular thing. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

facility

[D.J.:fəˈsiliti]

[K.K.:fəˈsɪlɪti]

n.

能力

设备, 设施

facility ****

1. facility facilities
Facilities are buildings, pieces of equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose.

- What recreational facilities are now available?.

- The problem lies in getting patients to a medical facility as soon as possible.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp

2. facility facilities
A facility is something such as an additional service provided by an organization or an extra feature on a machine which is useful but not essential.

- It is very useful to have an overdraft facility.

- One of the new models has the facility to reproduce speech as well as text.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft n N, N to-inf

3. facility facilities
If you have a facility for something, for example learning a language, you find it easy to do.

- He and Marcia shared a facility for languages.

- Smell is a very basic sense but humans have lost much of the facility to use it properly.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N for n, N to-inf

facility

noun

1.

skill

ability

adroitness

dexterity

ease

efficiency

effortlessness

fluency

proficiency

often plural 2.

equipment

advantage

aid

amenity

appliance

convenience

means

opportunity

resource

facsimile

[D.J.:fækˈsɪməli:]

[K.K.:fækˈsɪməli]

n.

(文字、图画等的)副本;传真

facsimile

1. facsimile facsimiles
A facsimile of something is an copy or imitation of it. (FORMAL)

- ...a facsimile of his writing desk.

- ...a facsimile edition of Beethoven's musical manuscripts.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, N n

2. facsimile facsimiles
A facsimile is the same as a fax . (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

facsimile

noun

copy

carbon copy

duplicate

fax

photocopy

print

replica

reproduction

transcript

fact

[D.J.:fækt]

[K.K.:fækt]

n.

事实, 真相

真实

fact *****

1. fact
You use the fact that after some verbs or prepositions, especially in expressions such as in view of the fact that , apart from the fact that , and despite the fact that , to link the verb or preposition with a clause.

- His chances do not seem good in view of the fact that the Chief Prosecutor has already voiced his public disapproval.

- Despite the fact that the disease is so prevalent, treatment is still far from satisfactory.

- No amount of encouragement can hide the fact that talking about very personal issues with a stranger is intimidating.

- In Rome, meeting him every morning, he soon became aware of the fact that Erter was ill.

PHR: prep PHR cl, v PHR cl

2. fact
You use the fact that instead of a simple that-clause either for emphasis or because the clause is the subject of your sentence.

- My family now accepts the fact that I don't eat sugar or bread.

- The fact that he had left her of his own accord proved to me that everything he'd said was true.

PHR: PHR cl, oft v PHR cl, prep PHR cl

3. fact
You use in fact , in actual fact , or in point of fact to indicate that you are giving more detailed information about what you have just said.

- We've had a pretty bad time while you were away. In fact, we very nearly split up this time.

- He apologised as soon as he realised what he had done. In actual fact he wrote a nice little note to me.

- John Major didn't go to university. In fact he left school at 16.

PHR: PHR with cl

4. fact
You use in fact , in actual fact , or in point of fact to introduce or draw attention to a comment that modifies, contradicts, or contrasts with a previous statement.

- That sounds rather simple, but in fact it's very difficult.

- They complained that they had been trapped inside the police station, but in fact most were seen escaping over the adjacent roofs to safety in nearby buildings.

- Why had she ever trusted her? In point of fact she never had, she reminded herself.

PHR: PHR with cl
= actually

5. fact facts
When you refer to something as a fact or as fact , you mean that you think it is true or correct.

- ...a statement of verifiable historical fact...

- How much was fact and how much fancy no one knew.

N-VAR

6. fact facts
Facts are pieces of information that can be discovered.

- There is so much information you can almost effortlessly find the facts for yourself.

- His opponent swamped him with facts and figures.

- The lorries always left in the dead of night when there were few witnesses around to record the fact.

N-COUNT

7. fact
You use as a matter of fact to introduce a statement that gives more details about what has just been said, or an explanation of it, or something that contrasts with it.

- The local people saw all the suffering to which these deportees were subjected. And, as a matter of fact, the local people helped the victims of these deportations.

- `I guess you haven't eaten yet' - `As a matter of fact, I have,' said Hunter.

PHR: PHR with cl
= actually

8. fact
If you say that you know something for a fact , you are emphasizing that you are completely certain that it is true.

- I know for a fact that baby corn is very expensive in Europe.

- I know for a fact that Graham has kept in close touch with Alan.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

9. fact
You use the fact is or the fact of the matter is to introduce and draw attention to a summary or statement of the most important point about what you have been saying.

- The fact is blindness hadn't stopped the children doing many of the things that sighted children enjoy.

- I found that election rallies were being very poorly attended. But the fact of the matter is that they're not terribly interested in this election.

PHR: V inflects, PHR cl

10. fact
You say the fact remains that something is the case when you want to emphasize that the situation must be accepted.

- The fact remains that inflation, however you measure it, is unacceptably high.

- His admirers claim that he came to power perfectly legally, but the fact remains that he did so by exploiting an illegal situation.

PHR: V inflects, PHR that emphasis

11. fact
You say and that's a fact to emphasize the truth or correctness of a statement that you have just made. (INFORMAL)

- We aren't playing well as a team, and that's a fact.

- He is a dull writer and that's a fact.

PHR: cl PHR emphasis

12. fact
You say is that a fact? as a response to a statement which you find surprising, interesting, or unlikely. (INFORMAL)

- `I'm still staff colonel.' --- `Is that a fact?'

CONVENTION

fact

noun

1.

event

act

deed

fait accompli

happening

incident

occurrence

performance

2.

truth

certainty

reality

fact-finding

[D.J.:ˈfæktˌfaindiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfæktˌfaɪndɪŋ]

adj.

调查实情的

fact-finding *

fact-finding
A fact-finding mission or visit is one whose purpose is to get information about a particular situation, especially for an official group.

- A UN fact-finding mission is on its way to the region.

ADJ: ADJ n

faction

[D.J.:ˈfækʃən]

[K.K.:ˈfækʃən]

n.

组织中的小派别; 派系

faction ***

1. faction factions
A faction is an organized group of people within a larger group, which opposes some of the ideas of the larger group and fights for its own ideas.

- A peace agreement will be signed by the leaders of the country's warring factions.

N-COUNT

2. faction
Faction is also used to describe argument and disagreement within a group of people.

- Faction and self-interest appear to be the norm.

N-UNCOUNT

faction

noun

1.

group

bloc

cabal

clique

contingent

coterie

gang

party

set

splinter group

2.

dissension

conflict

disagreement

discord

disunity

division

infighting

rebellion

factional

[D.J.:ˈfækʃnəl ]

adj.

派系的;派别的

factionalism

n.

factionalism

[ˈfækʃənəlizəm]

n.

派别活动,派性,党派主义,党派之争

factional *

factional
Factional arguments or disputes involve two or more small groups from within a larger group.

- ...factional disputes between the various groups that make up the leadership.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

factionalism

factionalism
Factionalism refers to arguments or disputes between two or more small groups from within a larger group.

- There has been a substantial amount of factionalism within the movement.

N-UNCOUNT

fact of life *

1. fact of life facts of life
You say that something which is not pleasant is a fact of life when there is nothing you can do to change it so you must accept it.

- Stress is a fact of life from time to time for all of us.

N-COUNT

2. fact of life facts of life
If you tell a child about the facts of life , you tell him or her about sexual intercourse and how babies are born.

- There comes a time when children need to know more than the basic facts of life.

N-PLURAL: the N

factor

[D.J.:ˈfæktə]

[K.K.:ˈfæktɚ]

n.

因素, 要素

〈数〉因子, 因数

factor ****

1. factor factors
A factor is one of the things that affects an event, decision, or situation.

- Physical activity is an important factor in maintaining fitness.

N-COUNT

2. factor factors
If an amount increases by a factor of two, for example, or by a factor of eight, then it becomes two times bigger or eight times bigger.

- The cost of butter quadrupled and bread prices increased by a factor of five.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu a N of num

3. factor
You can use factor to refer to a particular level on a scale of measurement.

- A suncream with a protection factor of 8 allows you to stay in the sun without burning.

N-SING: usu a N of num

4. factor factors
A factor of a whole number is a smaller whole number which can be multiplied with another whole number to produce the first whole number. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

factor

noun

element

aspect

cause

component

consideration

influence

item

part

factor in, factor into ****

factor in factors in; factoring in; factored in
If you factor a particular cost or element into a calculation you are making, or if you factor it in , you include it. (mainly AM)

- Using a computer model they factored in the costs of transplants for those women who die.

- You'd better consider this and factor this into your decision making.

PHR-V

factory

[D.J.:ˈfæktəri]

[K.K.:ˈfæktəri]

n.

工厂, 制造厂

factory ****

factory factories
A factory is a large building where machines are used to make large quantities of goods.

- He owned furniture factories in New York State.

N-COUNT: oft n N

factory

noun

works

mill

plant

factory farming

factory farming
Factory farming is a system of farming which involves keeping animals indoors, often with very little space, and giving them special foods so that they grow more quickly or produce more eggs or milk. (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

factory floor

factory floor
The factory floor refers to the workers in a factory, as opposed to the managers. It can also refer to the area where they work.

- He had worked on the factory floor for 16 years.

N-SING: the N

factory ship

factory ship factory ships
A factory ship is a large fishing boat which has equipment for processing the fish that are caught, for example by cleaning or freezing them, before it returns to port.
N-COUNT

factotum

[D.J.:fækˈtəʊtəm]

[K.K.:fækˈtotəm]

n.

杂工,打杂的人

factotum

factotum factotums
A factotum is a servant who is employed to do a wide variety of jobs for someone. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

fact sheet

fact sheet fact sheets
A fact sheet is a short, printed document with information about a particular subject, especially a summary of information that has been given on a radio or television programme.
N-COUNT

factual

[D.J.:ˈfæktʃuəl]

[K.K.:ˈfæktʃuəl]

adj.

事实的, 真实的, 确凿的

factually

adv.

真实地,确实地

factual *

1. factual
Something that is factual is concerned with facts or contains facts, rather than giving theories or personal interpretations.

- The editorial contained several factual errors.

- Any comparison that is not strictly factual runs the risk of being interpreted as subjective.

ADJ-GRADED

2. factually

- I learned that a number of statements in my talk were factually wrong.

- ...telling me coolly and factually the story of her life in prison.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed, ADV after v

factual

adjective

true

authentic

correct

exact

genuine

precise

real

true-to-life

faculty

[D.J.:ˈfækəlti]

[K.K.:ˈfækəlti]

n.

能力, 才能

技巧

院, 系, 部

全体教职员, 全体从业人员

faculty **

1. faculty faculties
Your faculties are your physical and mental abilities.

- He was drunk and not in control of his faculties.

- It is also a myth that the faculty of hearing is greatly increased in blind people.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft poss N, N of n

2. faculty faculties
A faculty is a group of related departments in some universities, or the people who work in them. (BRIT)

- ...the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences.

N-VAR

3. faculty faculties
A faculty is all the teaching staff of a university or college, or of one department. (AM)

- The faculty agreed on a change in the requirements.

- How can faculty improve their teaching so as to encourage creativity?

- ...eminent Stanford faculty members.

N-VAR: oft N n

faculties

plural noun

powers

capabilities

intelligence

reason

senses

wits

faculty

noun

1.

ability

aptitude

capacity

facility

power

propensity

skill

2.

department

school

fad

[D.J.:fæd]

[K.K.:fæd]

n.

一时的流行;一时的风尚

fad *

fad fads
You use fad to refer to an activity or topic of interest that is very popular for a short time, but which people become bored with very quickly.

- Hamnett does not believe environmental concern is a passing fad.

N-COUNT
= craze

fad

noun

craze

fashion

mania

rage

trend

vogue

whim

faddish

[D.J.:ˈfædɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈfædɪʃ]

adj.

好赶时髦的

一时流行的

faddish

faddish
If you describe something as faddish , you mean that it has no real value and that it will not remain popular for very long.

- It is hard to stand up to your children when they are screaming for faddish footwear.

ADJ-GRADED

faddy

[ˈfædi]

adj.

过分挑食的

faddy

faddy
If you describe someone as faddy , you mean that they have very strong likes and dislikes, especially about what they eat, which you think are rather silly. (BRIT)

- My boys have always been faddy eaters.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= fussy

fade

[D.J.:feid]

[K.K.:fed]

vt. & vi.

(使)褪去, (使)变弱, (使)枯萎

vi.

逐渐消失

faded

[ˈfeidid]

adj.

已褪色的,已凋谢的

fading

[D.J.:ˈfeidiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfedɪŋ]

n.

褪色,枯萎,衰退

fade ***

1. fade fades fading faded
When a coloured object fades or when the light fades it, it gradually becomes paler.

- All colour fades -- especially under the impact of direct sunlight.

- No matter how soft the light is, it still plays havoc, fading carpets and curtains in every room.

- ...fading portraits of the Queen and Prince Philip.

V-ERG

2. faded

- ...a girl in a faded dress.

- ...faded painted signs on the sides of some of the buildings.

ADJ-GRADED

3. fade fades fading faded
When light fades , it slowly becomes less bright. When a sound fades , it slowly becomes less loud.

- Seaton lay on his bed and gazed at the ceiling as the light faded.

- The sound of the last bomber's engines faded into the distance.

VB

4. fade fades fading faded
When something that you are looking at fades , it slowly becomes less bright or clear until it disappears.

- They observed the comet for 70 days before it faded from sight.

- They watched the familiar mountains fade into the darkness.

VB

5. fade away fades away; fading away; faded away
Fade away means the same as fade .

- We watched the harbour and then the coastline fade away into the morning mist.

PHR-V

6. fade fades fading faded
If someone or something fades , for example, into the background, they become hardly noticeable or very unimportant.

- She had a way of fading into the background when things got rough.

- The most prominent poets of the Victorian period had all but faded from the scene.

VB

7. fade away fades away; fading away; faded away
Fade away means the same as fade .

- The sound comes up and slowly fades away into the distance.

PHR-V

8. fade fades fading faded
If memories, feelings, or possibilities fade , they slowly become less intense or less strong.

- Sympathy for the rebels, the government claims, is beginning to fade.

- Prospects for peace had already started to fade.

- ...fading memories of better days.

VB

9. fade fades fading faded
If someone's smile fades , they slowly stop smiling.

- Jay nodded, his smile fading.

VB

fade

verb

1.

pale

bleach

discolour

lose colour

wash out

2.

dwindle

decline

die away

disappear

dissolve

melt away

vanish

wane

faded

adjective

discoloured

bleached

dull

indistinct

pale

washed out

fading

adjective

declining

decreasing

disappearing

dying

on the decline

vanishing

fade out ***

1. fade out fades out; fading out; faded out
When something fades out , it slowly becomes less noticeable or less important until it disappears completely.

- He thought her campaign would probably fade out soon in any case.

PHR-V

2. fade out fades out; fading out; faded out
When light, an image or a sound fades out , it disappears after gradually becoming weaker.

- You'll need to be able to project two images onto the screen as the new one fades in and the old image fades out.

PHR-V

faecal

[D.J.:ˈfi:kəl]

[K.K.:ˈfikəl]

adj.

排泄物的,渣滓的

faecal

faecal
Faecal means referring or relating to faeces. (FORMAL)

- One of the ways the parasite spreads is through fecal matter.

ADJ (AM) fecal

faeces

[D.J.:ˈfi:si:z]

[K.K.:ˈfisiz]

n.

粪便

faeces *

faeces
Faeces is the solid waste substance that people and animals get rid of from their body by passing it through the anus. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT (AM) feces
= excrement

faff about, faff around

faff about faffs about; faffing about; faffed about
If you say that someone is faffing about or faffing around , you mean that they are doing things in a disorganized way and not achieving very much. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- It was annoying to watch them faffing around when a more direct response was required.

PHR-V

fag

[D.J.:fæg]

[K.K.:fæɡ]

n.

沉闷而又吃力的工作

<口>香烟

vt. & vi.

(使)劳累

fag away

做非常累的工作

fag *

1. fag fags
A fag is a cigarette. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. fag fags
A fag is a homosexual. (mainly AM, INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT

fag end

1. fag end fag ends
A fag end is the last part of a cigarette, which people throw away when they have smoked the rest. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also fag-end .
= butt

2. fag end fag ends
If you refer to the fag end of something, you mean the last part of it, especially when you consider this part boring or unimportant. (INFORMAL)

- He never had much confidence in his judgement at the fag-end of the working day.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n also fag-end .

faggot

[D.J.:ˈfæɡət]

[K.K.:ˈfæɡət]

n.

柴把,束薪

vt.

束,捆

faggot

faggot faggots
A faggot is a homosexual man. (AM, INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT

Fahrenheit

[D.J.:ˈfærənˌhaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈfærənˌhaɪt]

n.

华氏温标

Fahrenheit

1. Fahrenheit
Fahrenheit is a scale for measuring temperature, in which water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. It is represented by the symbol °F.

- By mid-morning, the temperature was already above 100 degrees Fahrenheit.

ADJ: n/num ADJ

2. Fahrenheit
Also a noun.

- He was asked for the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit.

N-UNCOUNT

fail

[D.J.:feil]

[K.K.:fel]

vt. & vi.

在…中失败

vi.

衰退, 衰弱

破产

不足, 短缺, 缺乏

vt.

辜负

忘记, 忽视, 未能

n.

考试不及格

failed

[D.J.:feɪld]

[K.K.:feld]

adj.

失败了的,不成功的

failing

[D.J.:ˈfeɪlɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfelɪŋ]

n.

弱点;缺陷;短处

prep.

如果(某事)不发生, 如果没有(某事物)

如果(某人不在), 如果没有(某人)

fail *****

1. fail fails failing failed
If you fail to do something that you were trying to do, you are unable to do it or do not succeed in doing it.

- The Workers' Party failed to win a single governorship.

- He failed in his attempt to take control of the company.

- Many of us have tried to lose weight and failed miserably.

- The truth is, I'm a failed comedy writer really.

VB
≠ succeed

2. fail fails failing failed
If an activity, attempt, or plan fails , it is not successful.

- We tried to develop plans for them to get along, which all failed miserably.

- He was afraid the revolution they had started would fail.

- After a failed military offensive, all government troops and police were withdrawn from the island.

VB
≠ succeed

3. fail fails failing failed
If someone or something fails to do a particular thing that they should have done, they do not do it. (FORMAL)

- Some schools fail to set any homework.

- He failed to file tax returns for 1982.

- The bomb failed to explode.

VB

4. fail fails failing failed
If something fails , it stops working properly, or does not do what it is supposed to do.

- The lights mysteriously failed, and we stumbled around in complete darkness.

- In fact many food crops failed because of the drought.

VB

5. fail fails failing failed
If a business, organization, or system fails , it becomes unable to continue in operation or in existence.

- So far this year, 104 banks have failed.

- ...a failed hotel business...

- Who wants to buy a computer from a failing company?

VB

6. fail fails failing failed
If something such as your health or a physical quality is failing , it is becoming gradually weaker or less effective.

- He was 58, and his health was failing rapidly.

- Here in the hills, the light failed more quickly.

- An apparently failing memory is damaging for a national leader.

VB

7. fail fails failing failed
If someone fails you, they do not do what you had expected or trusted them to do.

- We waited twenty-one years, don't fail us now.

- ...communities who feel that the political system has failed them.

VB

8. fail fails failing failed
If someone fails in their duty or fails in their responsibilities, they do not do everything that they have a duty or a responsibility to do.

- Lawyers are accused of failing in their duties to advise clients of their rights.

- If we did not report what was happening in the country, we would be failing in our duty.

VB

9. fail fails failing failed
If a quality or ability that you have fails you, or if it fails , it is not good enough in a particular situation to enable you to do what you want to do.

- For once, the artist's fertile imagination failed him.

- Their courage failed a few steps short and they came running back.

VB

10. fail fails failing failed
If someone fails a test, examination, or course, they perform badly in it and do not reach the standard that is required.

- I lived in fear of failing my end-of-term exams.

VB
≠ pass

11. fail
Also a noun.

- It's the difference between a pass and a fail.

N-COUNT

12. fail fails failing failed
If someone fails you in a test, examination, or course, they judge that you have not reached a high enough standard in it.

- ...the two men who had failed him during his first year of law school.

VB
≠ pass

13. fail
You say if all else fails to suggest what could be done in a certain situation if all the other things you have tried are unsuccessful.

- If all else fails, I could always drive a truck.

PHR: PHR with cl

14. fail
You can use I fail to see or I fail to understand in order to introduce a statement which indicates that you do not agree with what someone has said or done. (FORMAL)

- That's how it was in my day and I fail to see why it should be different now.

PHR: PHR wh

15. fail
You use without fail to emphasize that something always happens.

- He attended every meeting without fail.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis
= without exception

16. fail
You use without fail to emphasize an order or a promise.

- On the 30th you must without fail hand in some money for Alex.

- Tomorrow without fail he would be at the old riverside warehouse.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

failing *

1. failing failings
The failings of someone or something are their faults or unsatisfactory features.

- Like many in Russia, she blamed the country's failings on futile attempts to catch up with the West.

- He had invented an imaginary son, in order to make up for his real son's failings.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft with poss
= shortcoming

2. failing
You say failing that to introduce an alternative, in case what you have just said is not possible.

- Find someone who will let you talk things through, or failing that, write down your thoughts.

PHR: PHR with cl/group

fail

verb

1.

be unsuccessful

bite the dust

break down

come to grief

come unstuck

fall

fizzle out informal

flop informal

founder

miscarry

misfire

2.

disappoint

abandon

desert

forget

forsake

let down

neglect

omit

3.

give out

conk out informal

cut out

die

peter out

stop working

4.

go bankrupt

become insolvent

close down

fold informal

go broke informal

go bust informal

go into receivership

go out of business

go to the wall

go under

noun

without fail

5.

regularly

conscientiously

constantly

dependably

like clockwork

punctually

religiously

without exception

failing

noun

1.

weakness

blemish

defect

deficiency

drawback

fault

flaw

imperfection

shortcoming

preposition

2.

in the absence of

in default of

lacking

fail-safe

[D.J.:ˈfeɪlˌseɪf]

[K.K.:ˈfelˌsef]

n.

自动防故障装置

adj.

自动防故障装置的

fail-safe

fail-safe
Something that is fail-safe is designed or made in such a way that nothing dangerous can happen if a part of it goes wrong.

- The camera has a built-in failsafe device which prevents it from working if the right signals aren't received.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also failsafe .

failure

[D.J.:ˈfeiljə]

[K.K.:ˈfeljɚ]

n.

失败, 不成功

失败的人[事]

未执行, 未实现, 未运转

无法继续经营, 倒闭

failure ****

1. failure
Failure is a lack of success in doing or achieving something, especially in relation to a particular activity.

- This policy is doomed to failure.

- Three attempts on the British 200-metre record also ended in failure.

- ...feelings of failure.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ success

2. failure failures
If something is a failure , it is not a success.

- The marriage was a failure and they both wanted to be free of it.

- His six-year transition programme has by no means been a complete failure.

N-COUNT
≠ success

3. failure failures
If you say that someone is a failure , you mean that they have not succeeded in a particular activity, or that they are unsuccessful at everything they do.

- Elgar received many honors and much acclaim and yet he often considered himself a failure.

- I just felt I had been a failure in my personal life.

N-COUNT
≠ success

4. failure
Your failure to do a particular thing is the fact that you do not do it, even though you were expected to do it.

- She accused the Foreign Office of disgraceful failure to support British citizens arrested overseas.

- They see their failure to produce an heir as a curse from God.

N-UNCOUNT: N to-inf, oft poss N

5. failure failures
If there is a failure of something, for example a machine or part of the body, it goes wrong and stops working or developing properly.

- There were also several accidents mainly caused by engine failures on take-off.

- He was being treated for kidney failure.

- Researchers found an almost total crop failure and a severe shortage of drinking water.

N-VAR: with supp, oft n N

6. failure failures
If there is a failure of a business or bank, it is no longer able to continue operating.

- Business failures rose 16% last month.

N-VAR: with supp
= collapse

7. failure failures
If you say that someone has a failure of a particular quality or ability, you mean that they do not have enough of it.

- There is, too, a simple failure of imagination.

- He remained on his knees for a long time afterwards, ashamed by his failure of nerve.

N-VAR: N of n

failure

noun

1.

defeat

breakdown

collapse

downfall

fiasco

lack of success

miscarriage

overthrow

2.

loser

black sheep

dead duck slang

disappointment

dud informal

flop informal

nonstarter

washout informal

3.

bankruptcy

crash

downfall

insolvency

liquidation

ruin

faint

[D.J.:feint]

[K.K.:fent]

vi.

晕倒, 昏倒

adj.

微弱的, 模糊的, 暗淡的

(体力)无力的, 虚弱的; 易失去知觉的, 昏眩的

(动作等)无力的, 似无太大效果的

n.

昏倒

fainting

[ˈfeintiŋ]

n.

昏晕,不省人事

faintly

[D.J.:ˈfeɪntlɪ]

adv.

微弱地;隐约地;虚弱地;有点;稍微

faintness

n.

微弱,模糊,衰弱

faints

[feints]

n.

(蒸馏开始和完毕时产生的)劣质酒精

faint **

1. faint fainter faintest
A faint sound, colour, mark, feeling, or quality has very little strength or intensity.

- He became aware of the soft, faint sounds of water dripping.

- The room held the faint, sweet odour of pipe tobacco.

- He could see faint lines in her face.

- There was still the faint hope deep within him that she might never need to know.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. faintly

- He was already asleep in the bed, which smelled faintly of mildew.

- She felt faintly ridiculous.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v, also ADV adj
= slightly

3. faint fainter faintest
A faint attempt at something is one that is made without proper effort and with little enthusiasm.

- Caroline made a faint attempt at a laugh.

- A faint smile crossed the Monsignor's face and faded quickly.

- Ten years ago today the US Center for Disease Control published the first faint warnings of a worldwide epidemic.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

4. faintly

- John smiled faintly and shook his head.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

5. faint faints fainting fainted
If you faint , you lose consciousness for a short time, especially because you are hungry, or because of pain, heat, or shock.

- She suddenly fell forward on to the table and fainted.

- I thought he'd faint when I kissed him.

VB
= pass out

6. faint faints
Also a noun.

- She slumped to the ground in a faint.

N-COUNT: oft in a N

7. faint fainter faintest
Someone who is faint feels weak and unsteady as if they are about to lose consciousness.

- Other signs of angina are nausea, sweating, feeling faint and shortness of breath.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

8. faintness

- One patient suffered headaches, nausea, and faintness.

N-UNCOUNT

faintest

faintest
You can use faintest for emphasis in negative statements. For example, if you say that someone hasn't the faintest idea what to do, you are emphasizing that they do not know what to do.

- I haven't the faintest idea how to care for a snake.

- He said yesterday that there was not `the faintest possibility' that the government would bring in such a measure.

ADJ-SUPERL: ADJ n, with neg emphasis
= slightest remotest

faint

adjective

1.

dim

distant

faded

indistinct

low

muted

soft

subdued

vague

2.

slight

feeble

remote

unenthusiastic

weak

3.

dizzy

exhausted

giddy

light-headed

muzzy

weak

woozy informal

verb

4.

pass out

black out

collapse

flake out informal

keel over informal

lose consciousness

swoon literary

noun

5.

blackout

collapse

swoon literary

unconsciousness

faintly

adverb

1.

softly

feebly

in a whisper

indistinctly

weakly

2.

slightly

a little

dimly

somewhat

faint-hearted

[D.J.:ˈfeɪntˈhɑ:tɪd]

[K.K.:ˈfentˈhɑrtɪd]

adj.

胆怯的,怯懦的

faint-hearted

1. faint-hearted
If you describe someone or their behaviour as faint-hearted , you mean that they are not very confident and do not take strong action because they are afraid of failing.

- This is no time to be faint-hearted.

- The voters may be ready to punish the politicians who devised a faint-hearted solidarity pact.

ADJ-GRADED also fainthearted .

2. faint-hearted
If you say that something is not for the faint-hearted , you mean that it is an extreme or very unusual example of its kind, and is not suitable for people who like only safe and familiar things.

- It's a film about a serial killer and not for the faint-hearted.

PHR: usu v-link PHR also fainthearted .

fair

[D.J.:fɛə]

[K.K.:fɛr]

adj.

公平的, 公正的

中等的, 尚可的, 不错的

晴朗的

adv.

公正地, 直接地

n.

集市

fairly

[D.J.:ˈfɛəli]

[K.K.:ˈfɛrli]

adv.

公平地, 诚实地

相当地, 适度地

完全地, 简直

fair ****

1. fair fairer fairest
Something or someone that is fair is reasonable, right, and just.

- It didn't seem fair to leave out her father.

- Do you feel they're paying their fair share?.

- Independent observers say the campaign's been very much fairer than expected.

- I wanted them to get a fair deal.

- An appeals court had ruled that they could not get a fair trial in Los Angeles.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

2. fairly

- ...demonstrating concern for employees and solving their problems quickly and fairly...

- In a society where water was precious, it had to be shared fairly between individuals.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v, also ADV -ed

3. fair
A fair amount, degree, size, or distance is quite a large amount, degree, size, or distance.

- My neighbours across the street travel a fair amount.

- My mother's brother lives a fair distance away so we don't see him and his family very often.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. fair
A fair guess or idea about something is one that is likely to be correct.

- It's a fair guess to say that the damage will be extensive.

- I have a fair idea of how difficult things can be.

ADJ: ADJ n
= reasonable

5. fair
If you describe someone or something as fair , you mean that they are average in standard or quality, neither very good nor very bad.

- Reimar had a fair command of English.

ADJ
= adequate

6. fair fairer fairest
Someone who is fair , or who has fair hair, has light-coloured hair.

- Both children were very like Robina, but were much fairer than she was.

ADJ-GRADED

7. fair
Also a combining form.

- ...a tall, fair-haired Englishman.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

8. fair fairer fairest
Fair skin is very pale and usually burns easily.

- It's important to protect my fair skin from the sun.

ADJ-GRADED

9. fair
Also a combining form.

- Fair-skinned people who spend a great deal of time in the sun have the greatest risk of skin cancer.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

10. fair fairer fairest
When the weather is fair , it is quite sunny and not raining. (FORMAL)

- Weather conditions were fair.

ADJ-GRADED
= fine

11. fair fairs
A county, state, or country fair is an event where there are, for example, displays of goods and animals, and amusements, games, and competitions.
N-COUNT: usu n N

12. fair fairs
A fair is the same as a funfair . (BRIT; in AM use carnival )
N-COUNT

13. fair fairs
A fair is an event at which people display and sell goods, especially goods of a particular type.

- ...an antiques fair.

N-COUNT: oft n N
See also craft fair , trade fair .

14. fair
You use fair in expressions such as to be fair and let's be fair when you want to add a favourable comment about someone or something that you have just mentioned and to correct a false impression that you might have given.

- To be fair, the team is young and not yet settled.

- And, let us be fair, some MPs do work hard.

PHR: PHR with cl
= in all fairness

15. fair
You use fair enough when you want to say that a statement, decision, or action seems reasonable to a certain extent, but that perhaps there is more to be said or done. (mainly SPOKEN)

- If you don't like it, fair enough, but that's hardly a justification to attack the whole thing.

- Fair enough, you didn't have a perfectly happy childhood: but your childhood is over now.

PHR: PHR with cl

16. fair
You say fair enough to acknowledge what someone has just said and to indicate that you understand it. (SPOKEN)

- `I'm taking it to our local police station.' --- `Oh right, fair enough.'.

- `The message was addressed to me and I don't see why I should show it to you.' --- `Fair enough.'

CONVENTION
= OK

17. fair
If you say that someone plays fair , you mean that they behave or act in a reasonable and honest way.

- The government is not playing fair, one union official told me.

PHR: V inflects

18. fair
You use fair in expressions such as It would be fair to say in order to introduce a statement which you believe to be true and reasonable.

- It would be fair to say he had one or two unhappy moments out there.

- I think it's fair to say that it didn't sound quite right.

PHR: PHR that

19. fair
If you say that someone won a competition fair and square , you mean that they won honestly and without cheating.

- There are no excuses. We were beaten fair and square.

PHR: PHR after v

fairly ***

1. fairly
Fairly means to quite a large degree. For example, if you say that something is fairly old, you mean that it is old but not very old.

- Both ships are fairly new (five years old and one year old respectively).

- We did fairly well but only fairly well.

ADV: ADV adj/adv
= quite

2. fairly
You use fairly instead of `very' to add emphasis to an adjective or adverb without making it sound too forceful.

- Were you always fairly bright at school?.

- You've got to be fairly single-minded about it.

- I'll have no income and no home and will need a job fairly badly.

ADV: ADV adj/adv vagueness
= pretty

3. fairly
Fairly is used to emphasize that something happens to a very great degree or extent.

- He fairly flew across the room.

- For him, the place is fairly boiling with humanity.

ADV: ADV before v emphasis
= positively

4. fairly
You use fairly to suggest that a statement is probably or possibly true, and therefore deserves to be accepted or considered.

- It can no doubt be fairly argued that Sir John, whose pay is linked to performance, is entitled to every penny.

- After I had read the book I could fairly claim to be an expert.

ADV-GRADED: ADV before v
= justifiably

fair

adjective

1.

unbiased

above board

equitable

even-handed

honest

impartial

just

lawful

legitimate

proper

unprejudiced

2.

light

blond

blonde

fair-haired

flaxen-haired

towheaded

3.

respectable

adequate

average

decent

moderate

O.K. or okay informal

passable

reasonable

satisfactory

tolerable

4.

beautiful

bonny

comely

handsome

lovely

pretty

5.

fine

bright

clear

cloudless

dry

sunny

unclouded

fair

noun

carnival

bazaar

festival

fête

gala

show

fairly

adverb

1.

moderately

adequately

pretty well

quite

rather

reasonably

somewhat

tolerably

2.

deservedly

equitably

honestly

impartially

justly

objectively

properly

without fear or favour

3.

positively

absolutely

really

fair game

fair game
If you say that someone is fair game , you mean that it is acceptable to criticize or attack them, usually because of the way that they behave.

- Politicians were always considered fair game by cartoonists.

N-UNCOUNT

fairground

[D.J.:ˈfɛəɡraund]

[K.K.:ˈfɛrˌɡraʊnd]

n.

露天游乐场

fairground *

fairground fairgrounds
A fairground is an area of land where a fair is held.
N-COUNT

fair-minded

[D.J.:ˈfeəˈmaindid]

[K.K.:ˈfɛrˈmaɪndɪd]

adj.

公正的,公平的

fair-minded

fair-minded
A fair-minded person always tries to be fair and reasonable, and always listens to other people's opinions.

- She is one of the most fair-minded people I know.

ADJ: oft ADJ n

fairness

[D.J.:ˈfeənɪs]

[K.K.: ˈfɛrnɪs]

n.

公正,公平

(皮肤的)洁白;金发

in (all) fairness (to sb)

(用于维护某人或某种说法)公平地说，说句公道话

fairness *

1. fairness
Fairness is the quality of being reasonable, right, and just.

- He says the new document will guarantee fairness for blacks in Georgia.

- ...concern about the fairness of the election campaign.

N-UNCOUNT

2. fairness
You use fairness in expressions such as in fairness to and in all fairness when you want to add a favourable comment about someone or something that you have just mentioned and to correct a false impression that you might have given.

- In fairness to Bates, he always made it very clear that Webb was only on trial until the end of the season.

- There is much more to be said, in all fairness, on both sides of the issue.

PHR: PHR with cl
= to be fair

fairness

noun

impartiality

decency

disinterestedness

equitableness

equity

justice

legitimacy

rightfulness

fair play *

fair play
If you refer to someone's attitude or behaviour as fair play , you approve of it because it shows respect and sympathy towards everyone, even towards people who are thought to be wrong or to deserve punishment.

- ...a legal system that is unmatched anywhere in the world for its justice and sense of fair play.

N-UNCOUNT approval

fair sex

fair sex
If a man talks about the fair sex , he is referring to women in general. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-SING: the N also fairer sex .

fairway

[D.J.:ˈfɛəwei]

[K.K.:ˈfɛrˌwe]

n.

(高尔夫球场上的)平坦球道

fairway *

fairway fairways
The fairway on a golf course is the long strip of short grass between each tee and green.
N-COUNT: usu the N

fair-weather

[D.J.:ˈfeəˌweðə]

[K.K.:ˈfɛrˌwɛðɚ]

adj.

只适用于好天气的,不可共患难的

fair-weather

fair-weather
You use fair-weather to refer to someone who offers help to someone, or who takes part in a particular activity, only when it is easy or pleasant for them to do so.

- The Queen has told Canadians she's not just a fair-weather friend of Canada's.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

fairy

[D.J.:ˈfɛəri]

[K.K.:ˈfɛri]

n.

仙人, 小仙子, 小精灵

fairy **

1. fairy fairies
A fairy is an imaginary creature with magical powers. Fairies are often represented as small people with wings.
N-COUNT

2. fairy fairies
If someone describes a man as a fairy , they mean that he is a homosexual and they disapprove of this. (OLD-FASHIONED, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT disapproval

fairy

noun

sprite

brownie

elf

leprechaun

peri

pixie

Robin Goodfellow

fairy godmother

fairy godmother
If you call a woman your fairy godmother , you are saying in a slightly humorous way that she has been very helpful in your life, often at times when you thought you had problems that could not be solved.

- The woman I regarded as my fairy godmother was Sybil. She was wonderful to me.

N-SING: poss N

fairyland

[D.J.:ˈfeəri:ˌlænd]

[K.K.:ˈfɛriˌlænd]

n.

仙乡, 仙界

美妙神奇的地方, 仙境

fairyland

1. fairyland
Fairyland is the imaginary place where fairies live.
N-UNCOUNT

2. fairyland fairylands
If you describe a place as a fairyland , you mean that it has a delicate beauty.

- If you came with me to one of my toy shops, you'd think you were stepping into a fairyland.

N-VAR

fairy lights

fairy lights
Fairy lights are small, coloured electric lights that are hung up as decorations, for example on a Christmas tree. (BRIT)
N-PLURAL

fairy story

fairy story fairy stories
A fairy story is the same as a fairy tale .
N-COUNT

fairy tale *

1. fairy tale fairy tales
A fairy tale is a story for children involving magical events and imaginary creatures.

- She was like a princess in a fairy tale.

N-COUNT also fairytale .
= fairy story

2. fairy tale
A fairy tale place or situation is so wonderful that you can hardly believe that it is real.

- ...an excursion to the fairy-tale castle of Neuschwanstein...

- She loved him so much: it was a fairytale romance.

ADJ: ADJ n also fairytale .

fairy tale fairy story

noun

1.

folk tale

romance

2.

lie

cock-and-bull story informal

fabrication

fiction

invention

tall story

untruth

fait accompli

fait accompli faits accomplis
If something is a fait accompli , it has already been decided or done and cannot be changed. (FORMAL)

- They became increasingly annoyed that they were being presented with a fait accompli.

N-COUNT: usu sing

faith

[D.J.:feiθ]

[K.K.:feθ]

n.

信任; 信仰; 信心

宗教信仰

faith ***

1. faith
If you have faith in someone or something, you feel confident about their ability or goodness.

- She had placed a great deal of faith in Mr Penleigh.

- People have lost faith in the British Parliament.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N in n
= confidence

2. faith faiths
A faith is a particular religion, for example Christianity, Buddhism, or Islam.

- England shifted officially from a Catholic to a Protestant faith in the 16th century.

N-COUNT: also no det, usu adj N

3. faith
Faith is strong religious belief in a particular God.

- Umberto Eco's loss of his own religious faith is reflected in his novels.

N-UNCOUNT

4. faith
If you break faith with someone you made a promise to or something you believed in, you stop acting in a way that supports them.

- If we don't, we're breaking faith with our people!

PHR: V inflects

5. faith
If you do something in good faith , you seriously believe that what you are doing is right, honest, or legal, even though this may not be the case.

- This report was published in good faith but we regret any confusion which may have been caused.

PHR: PHR after v

6. faith
If you keep faith with someone you have made a promise to or something you believe in, you continue to support them even when it is difficult to do so.

- He has made one of the most powerful American films of the year by keeping faith with his radical principles.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

faith

noun

1.

confidence

assurance

conviction

credence

credit

dependence

reliance

trust

2.

religion

belief

church

communion

creed

denomination

dogma

persuasion

3.

allegiance

constancy

faithfulness

fidelity

loyalty

faithful

[D.J.:ˈfeiθful]

[K.K.:ˈfeθfəl]

adj.

忠实的, 守信的

如实的, 可靠的, 忠于原文的

忠贞的

faithfully

[D.J.:ˈfeɪθfʊlɪ]

adv.

忠实地

Yours faithfully

(用于正式信函的末尾，署名之前)你忠实的

faithful **

1. faithful
Someone who is faithful to a person, organization, idea, or activity remains firm in their belief in them or support for them.

- She had been faithful to her promise to guard this secret.

- Older Americans are among this country's most faithful voters.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

2. faithful faithfuls
The faithful are people who are faithful to someone or something.

- He spends his time making speeches at factories or gatherings of the Party faithful.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. faithfully

- He has since 1965 faithfully followed and supported every twist and turn of government policy.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

4. faithful
Someone who is faithful to their husband, wife, or lover does not have a sexual relationship with anyone else.

- She insisted that she had remained faithful to her husband.

- I'm very faithful when I love someone.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
≠ unfaithful

5. faithful faithfuls
The faithful are the group of people who believe in a particular religion.

- The faithful revered him then as a prophet.

N-PLURAL: the N

6. faithful
A faithful account, translation, or copy of something represents or reproduces the original accurately.

- Colin Welland's screenplay is faithful to the novel.

- ...faithful copies of household items used in the mid-1800s.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

7. faithfully

- When I adapt something I translate from one meaning to another as faithfully as I can.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

8. faithful
You can refer to something that has been used or has existed for a long time as an old faithful , especially when it is something you can rely on.

- We tested a selection of vacuum cleaners, from old faithfuls to those with the latest features.

PHR: N inflects

faithfully **

faithfully
When you start a formal or business letter with `Dear Sir' or `Dear Madam', you write Yours faithfully before your signature at the end. (BRIT; in AM use Sincerely yours )
CONVENTION
See also faithful .

faithful

adjective

1.

loyal

constant

dependable

devoted

reliable

staunch

steadfast

true

trusty

2.

accurate

close

exact

precise

strict

true

faith healer

faith healer faith healers
A faith healer is someone who believes they can treat and heal sick people using prayer or supernatural powers.
N-COUNT

faith healing

faith healing
Faith healing is the treatment of a sick person by someone who believes that they are able to heal people through prayer or a supernatural power.
N-UNCOUNT also faith-healing .

faithless

[D.J.:ˈfeɪθlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈfeθlɪs]

adj.

<正>不忠实的,不守信用的,背信弃义的

faithlessly

adv.

faithlessness

n.

faithlessly

adv.

不忠实地,靠不住地

faithless

faithless
If you say that someone is faithless , you mean that they are disloyal or dishonest.

- She decided to divorce her increasingly faithless and unreliable husband.

ADJ-GRADED

faithless

adjective

disloyal

false

fickle

inconstant

traitorous

treacherous

unfaithful

unreliable

fake

[D.J.:feik]

[K.K.:fek]

vt.

伪造, 篡改, 对…做手脚

仿造

vt. & vi.

假装

n.

骗子

赝品

adj.

假的, 冒充的

fake **

1. fake
A fake fur or a fake painting, for example, is a fur or painting that has been made to look valuable or genuine, in order to deceive people.

- The bank manager is said to have issued fake certificates.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. fake fakes
A fake is something that is fake.

- It is filled with famous works of art, and every one of them is a fake.

N-COUNT

3. fake fakes faking faked
If someone fakes something, they try to make it look valuable or genuine, although in fact it is not.

- It's safer to fake a tan with make-up rather than subject your complexion to the harsh rays of the sun.

- He faked his own death last year to collect on a $1 million insurance policy.

- ...faked evidence.

VB

4. fake fakes
Someone who is a fake is not what they claim to be, for example because they do not have the qualifications that they claim to have.
N-COUNT
= fraud

5. fake fakes faking faked
If you fake a feeling, emotion, or reaction, you pretend that you are experiencing it when you are not.

- Jon faked nonchalance.

- Maturity and emotional sophistication can't be faked.

VB

fake

verb

1.

forge

copy

counterfeit

fabricate

feign

pretend

put on

sham

simulate

noun

2.

impostor

charlatan

copy

forgery

fraud

hoax

imitation

reproduction

sham

adjective

3.

artificial

counterfeit

false

forged

imitation

mock

phoney or phony informal

sham

falcon

[D.J.:ˈfælkən, ˈfɔ:l-, ˈfɔ:kən]

[K.K.:ˈfælkən, ˈfɔl-, ˈfɔkən]

n.

猎鹰

falcon

falcon falcons
A falcon is a bird of prey that can be trained to hunt other birds and animals.
N-COUNT

falconer

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:lkənə]

[K.K.:ˈfælkənɚ, ˈfɔl-, ˈfɔkə-]

n.

以鹰狩猎者,养鹰者,放鹰者

falconer

falconer falconers
A falconer is someone who trains and uses falcons for hunting.
N-COUNT

falconry

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:lkənri]

[K.K.:ˈfælkənri, ˈfɔl-, ˈfɔkən-]

n.

猎鹰训练术,鹰猎

falconry

falconry
Falconry is the skill of training falcons to hunt, and the sport of using them to hunt.
N-UNCOUNT

fall

[D.J.:fɔ:l]

[K.K.:fɔl]

vi.

降落, 落下

跌倒

降低, 减退

来临, 降临

失势, 垮台

沦陷, 失守

下垂; 倾斜

vi. & link v.

成为, 变为; 进入…状态

n.

跌落, 下落

下降, 降低, 减少

掉落的距离, 落差

陷落; 垮台; 灭亡; 没落

堕落, 沦落

瀑布

〈美〉秋天

fallen

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:lən]

[K.K.:ˈfɔlən]

n.

<正>阵亡者

adj.

倒下的；(女子)已失身的,堕落的

falling

[ˈfɔ:liŋ]

n.

落下,坠落,下降,陷落,凹落,(岩石等的)崩塌

adj.

落下的,下降的

fell

[D.J.:fel]

[K.K.:fɛl]

vt.

砍倒;打倒

n.

一季所伐的木材

山；山岗

沼泽地；荒野

at/in one fell swoop

一举；一下子

felling

[ˈfeliŋ]

n.

咬口折缝;二重接缝

fall *****

1. fall falls falling fell fallen
If someone or something falls , they move quickly downwards onto or towards the ground, by accident or because of a natural force.

- Her father fell into the sea after a massive heart attack.

- Prince Charles has again fallen from his horse.

- Bombs fell in the town.

- I ought to seal the boxes up. I don't want the books falling out.

- Twenty people were injured by falling masonry.

VB

2. fall falls
Also a noun.

- The helmets are designed to withstand impacts equivalent to a fall from a bicycle.

N-COUNT: oft N from n

3. fall falls falling fell fallen
If a person or structure that is standing somewhere falls , they move from their upright position, so that they are then lying on the ground.

- The woman gripped the shoulders of her man to stop herself from falling.

- We watched buildings fall on top of people and pets.

- He lost his balance and fell backwards.

VB

4. fall falls
Also a noun.

- Mrs Briscoe had a bad fall last week.

N-COUNT

5. fall down falls down; falling down; fell down; fallen down
Fall down means the same as fall .

- I hit him so hard he fell down.

- Children jumped from upper floors as the building fell down around them.

PHR-V

6. fallen

- A number of roads have been blocked by fallen trees.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. fall falls falling fell fallen
When rain or snow falls , it comes down from the sky.

- Winds reached up to 100mph in some places with an inch of rain falling within 15 minutes.

VB

8. fall falls
Also a noun.

- One night there was a heavy fall of snow.

N-COUNT: N of n
See also rainfall , snowfall .

9. fall falls falling fell fallen
If you fall somewhere, you allow yourself to drop there in a hurried or disorganized way, often because you are very tired.

- Totally exhausted, he tore his clothes off and fell into bed.

- In the morning I got as far as the sofa and fell on to it.

VB

10. fall falls falling fell fallen
If something falls , it decreases in amount, value, or strength.

- Output will fall by 6% in the EC.

- Her weight fell to under seven stones.

- Between July and August, oil product prices fell 0.2 per cent.

- The number of prosecutions has stayed static and the rate of convictions has fallen.

- ...a time of falling living standards and emerging mass unemployment.

VB
= drop ≠ rise

11. fall falls
Also a noun.

- There was a sharp fall in the value of the pound.

N-COUNT: usu sing

12. fall falls falling fell fallen
If a powerful or successful person falls , they suddenly lose their power or position.

- Regimes fall, revolutions come and go, but places never really change.

- The moment Mrs Thatcher fell from power has left a lasting imprint on the world's memory.

VB

13. fall
Also a noun.

- Following the fall of the military dictator in March, the country has had a civilian government.

- Her rise has mirrored his fall.

N-SING: with poss
≠ rise

14. fall falls falling fell fallen
If a place falls in a war or election, an enemy army or a different political party takes control of it.

- Croatian army troops retreated from northern Bosnia and the area fell to the Serbs.

- With the announcement `Paphos has fallen!' a cheer went up from the assembled soldiers.

VB

15. fall
Also a noun.

- ...the fall of Rome.

N-SING: usu N of n

16. fall falls falling fell fallen
If someone falls in battle, they are killed. (LITERARY)

- Another wave of troops followed the first, running past those who had fallen.

VB

17. fall falls falling fell fallen
You can use fall to show that someone or something passes into another state. For example, if someone falls ill , they become ill, and if something falls into disrepair , it is then in a state of disrepair.

- It is almost impossible to visit Florida without falling in love with the state.

- `Business to Business' was taken over by another company after it fell into debt.

- I took Moira to the cinema, where she fell asleep.

- Almost without exception these women fall victim to exploitation.

V-LINK

18. fall falls falling fell fallen
If you say that something or someone falls into a particular group or category, you mean that they belong in that group or category.

- The problems generally fall into two categories.

- Both women fall into the highest-risk group.

VB

19. fall falls falling fell fallen
If the responsibility or blame for something falls on someone, they have to take the responsibility or the blame for it. (WRITTEN)

- That responsibility falls on the local office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

- A vastly disproportionate burden falls on women for child care.

- A lot of suspicion fell on her.

VB

20. fall falls falling fell fallen
If silence or a feeling of sadness or tiredness falls on a group of people, they become silent, sad, or tired. (WRITTEN)

- The bus was stopped and silence fell on the passengers as the police checked identity cards.

VB
= descend

21. fall falls falling fell fallen
If a celebration or other special event falls on a particular day or date, it happens to be on that day or date.

- ...the oddly named Quasimodo Sunday which falls on the first Sunday after Easter.

VB

22. fall falls falling fell fallen
When light or shadow falls on something, it covers it.

- Nancy, out of the corner of her eye, saw the shadow that suddenly fell across the doorway.

VB

23. fall falls falling fell fallen
If someone's hair or a garment falls in a certain way, it hangs downwards in that way.

- Her hair was dressed in soft waves, falling on her cheek in a manner fashionable in the early 1930s.

VB

24. fall falls falling fell fallen
If you say that someone's eyes fell on something, you mean they suddenly noticed it. (WRITTEN)

- As he laid the flowers on the table, his eye fell upon a note in Grace's handwriting.

VB

25. fall falls falling fell fallen
When night or darkness falls , night begins and it becomes dark.

- As darkness fell outside, they sat down to eat at long tables.

VB

26. fall falls
You can refer to a waterfall as the falls .

- The falls have always been an insurmountable obstacle for salmon and sea trout.

- ...Niagara Falls.

N-PLURAL: oft in names after n

27. fall falls
Fall is the season between summer and winter when the weather becomes cooler. (AM; in BRIT use autumn )

- He was elected judge in the fall of 1991.

- The Supreme Court will not hear the case until next fall.

N-VAR

28. fall
In the Christian religion, the Fall was the occasion when Adam and Eve sinned and God made them leave the Garden of Eden.
N-PROPER: the N

29. fall falls
In some sports such as judo and wrestling, a fall is the act of throwing or forcing your opponent to the floor.
N-COUNT

30. fall falls falling fell fallen
In cricket, when a wicket falls , the team who are fielding get one of the batsmen out.

- The last seven wickets fell for ten runs.

VB

31. fall
If something falls open , it opens accidentally.

- By chance the book beside him fell open to St. Paul's warning to the Romans.

- The basket that she was carrying fell open.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR at/to n

32. fall
If you say that people are falling over themselves to do something, you mean that they are very enthusiastic about doing it, and often that you disapprove of this. (INFORMAL)

- Within days of his death those same people were falling over themselves to denounce him.

PHR: V inflects, oft cont

33. fall
To fall to pieces , or in British English to fall to bits , means the same as to fall apart .

- At that point the radio handset fell to pieces.

PHR: V inflects

fall behind *****

1. fall behind falls behind; falling behind; fell behind; fallen behind
If you fall behind , you do not make progress or move forward as fast as other people.

- Evans had rheumatic fever, missed school and fell behind.

- Boris is falling behind all the top players.

PHR-V

2. fall behind falls behind; falling behind; fell behind; fallen behind
If you fall behind with something or let it fall behind , you do not do it or produce it when you should, according to an agreement or schedule.

- He faces losing his home after falling behind with the payments.

- Thousands of people could die because the relief effort has fallen so far behind.

- Construction work fell behind schedule.

PHR-V

3. fall down falls down; falling down; fell down; fallen down
If an argument, organization, or person falls down on a particular point, they are weak or unsatisfactory on that point.

- The UN, the US and the EC have all fallen down on their obligations towards the new world order.

- That is where his argument falls down.

PHR-V
= fail

fallen

1. fallen
Fallen is the past participle of fall .

2. fallen
The fallen are soldiers who have died in battle. (LITERARY)

- Work began on establishing the cemeteries as permanent memorials to the fallen.

N-PLURAL: the N
= dead

3. fallen
In the Christian religion, fallen can be used to describe people or angels after the time when they sinned and were punished by God.

- ...Lucifer, the fallen angel.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. fallen
In the past, people described a woman as a fallen woman when she was no longer respected because she had had sex with someone that she was not married to. (OLD-FASHIONED)
ADJ: ADJ n disapproval
= loose

fell *

1. fell
Fell is the past tense of fall .

2. fell fells felling felled
If trees are felled , they are cut down.

- Badly infected trees should be felled and burned.

VB: usu passive

3. fell fells felling felled
If you fell someone, you knock them down, for example in a fight.

- ...a blow on the forehead which felled him to the ground.

VB

fall

verb

1.

descend

cascade

collapse

dive

drop

plummet

plunge

sink

subside

tumble

2.

decrease

decline

diminish

drop

dwindle

go down

lessen

slump

subside

3.

be overthrown

capitulate

pass into enemy hands

succumb

surrender

4.

die

be killed

meet one's end

perish

5.

occur

befall

chance

come about

come to pass

happen

take place

6.

slope

fall away

incline

7.

lapse

err

go astray

offend

sin

transgress

trespass

noun

8.

descent

dive

drop

nose dive

plummet

plunge

slip

tumble

9.

decrease

cut

decline

dip

drop

lessening

lowering

reduction

slump

10.

collapse

capitulation

defeat

destruction

downfall

overthrow

ruin

11.

lapse

sin

transgression

fell

verb

cut down

cut

demolish

hew

knock down

level

fall about *****

fall about falls about; falling about; fell about; fallen about
If you say that people are falling about , you mean that they are laughing a lot about something. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Dan fell about and slapped his thighs.

- The men at the table fell about laughing.

PHR-V

fall apart *****

1. fall apart falls apart; falling apart; fell apart; fallen apart
If something falls apart , it breaks into pieces because it is old or badly made.

- The work was never finished and bit by bit the building fell apart.

PHR-V

2. fall apart falls apart; falling apart; fell apart; fallen apart
If an organization or system falls apart , it becomes disorganized or unable to work effectively, or breaks up into its different parts.

- Europe's monetary system is falling apart.

- I've tried everything to stop our marriage falling apart.

PHR-V
= break down

3. fall apart falls apart; falling apart; fell apart; fallen apart
If you say that someone is falling apart , you mean that they are becoming emotionally disturbed and are unable to think calmly or to deal with the difficult or unpleasant situation that they are in. (INFORMAL)

- I was falling apart. I wasn't getting any sleep.

PHR-V
= crack up

fall away *****

1. fall away falls away; falling away; fell away; fallen away
If something falls away from the thing it is attached to, it breaks off.

- Officials say that one or two engines fell away from the plane shortly after takeoff.

PHR-V

2. fall away falls away; falling away; fell away; fallen away
If you say that land falls away , you mean it slopes downwards from a particular point.

- On either side of the tracks the ground fell away sharply.

PHR-V

3. fall away falls away; falling away; fell away; fallen away
If the degree, amount, or size of something falls away , it decreases.

- His coalition may hold a clear majority but this could quickly fall away.

- Demand began to fall away.

PHR-V
= fall off

fall back *****

1. fall back falls back; falling back; fell back; fallen back
If you fall back , you move backwards a short distance away from someone or something.

- He fell back in embarrassment when he saw that Ross had no hair at all.

- The congregation fell back from them slightly as they entered.

PHR-V

2. fall back falls back; falling back; fell back; fallen back
If an army falls back during a battle or war, it withdraws.

- The Prussian garrison at Charleroi was falling back.

PHR-V

fall back on *****

fall back falls back; falling back; fell back; fallen back
If you fall back on something, you do it or use it after other things have failed.

- Unable to defeat him by logical discussion, she fell back on her old habit of criticizing his speech.

- When necessary, instinct is the most reliable resource you can fall back on.

PHR-V
= resort to

fall for *****

1. fall for falls for; falling for; fell for; fallen for
If you fall for someone, you are strongly attracted to them and start loving them.

- He was fantastically handsome -- I just fell for him right away.

PHR-V

2. fall for falls for; falling for; fell for; fallen for
If you fall for a lie or trick, you believe it or are deceived by it.

- It was just a line to get you out here, and you fell for it!.

- I told him I would think about it and asked for his telephone number. He didn't fall for that one.

PHR-V

fall in *****

1. fall in falls in; falling in; fell in; fallen in
If a roof or ceiling falls in , it collapses and falls to the ground.

- Part of my bedroom ceiling has fallen in; I sleep downstairs.

PHR-V

2. fall in falls in; falling in; fell in; fallen in
If you fall in behind or beside someone who is walking along, you start walking behind them or beside them.

- Prentice saw Goss fall in behind the informer.

PHR-V

fall in with *****

1. fall in falls in; falling in; fell in; fallen in
If you fall in with an idea, plan, or system, you accept it and do not try to change it.

- Carmen's reluctance to fall in with Driver's plans led to trouble.

PHR-V

2. fall in falls in; falling in; fell in; fallen in
If you fall in with someone, you become friends with them and start seeing them a lot.

- At university, Taylor had fallen in with a small clique of literature students.

PHR-V

fall into *****

fall into falls into; falling into; fell into; fallen into
If you fall into conversation or a discussion with someone, usually someone you have just met, you start having a conversation or discussion with them.

- Over breakfast at my motel, I fell into conversation with the owner of a hardware shop.

PHR-V

fall off *****

1. fall off falls off; falling off; fell off; fallen off
If something falls off , it separates from the thing to which it was attached and moves towards the ground.

- When your exhaust falls off, you have to replace it.

PHR-V
= drop off

2. fall off falls off; falling off; fell off; fallen off
If the degree, amount, or size of something falls off , it decreases.

- Unemployment is rising again and retail buying has fallen off.

PHR-V
= fall away

See also falling-off .

fall on *****

fall on falls on; falling on; fell on; fallen on
If you fall on something when it arrives or appears, you eagerly seize it or welcome it.

- They fell on the sandwiches with alacrity.

PHR-V

fall out *****

1. fall out falls out; falling out; fell out; fallen out
If something such as a person's hair or a tooth falls out , it comes out.

- Her hair started falling out as a result of radiation treatment.

PHR-V

2. fall out falls out; falling out; fell out; fallen out
If you fall out with someone, you have an argument and stop being friendly with them. You can also say that two people fall out .

- She fell out with her husband.

- Mum and I used to fall out a lot.

PHR-V-RECIP

fall out

verb

argue

clash

come to blows

differ

disagree

fight

quarrel

squabble

fall over *****

fall over falls over; falling over; fell over; fallen over
If a person or object that is standing falls over , they accidentally move from their upright position so that they are then lying on the ground or on the surface supporting them.

- If he drinks more than two glasses of wine he falls over.

PHR-V

fall through *****

fall through falls through; falling through; fell through; fallen through
If an arrangement, plan, or deal falls through , it fails to happen.

- They wanted to turn the estate into a private golf course and offered £20 million, but the deal fell through.

PHR-V

fall to *****

1. fall to falls to; falling to; fell to; fallen to
If a responsibility, duty, or opportunity falls to someone, it becomes their responsibility, duty, or opportunity.

- He's been very unlucky that no chances have fallen to him.

- It fell to me to get rid of them.

PHR-V

2. fall to falls to; falling to; fell to; fallen to
If someone falls to doing something, they start doing it. (WRITTEN)

- When she had departed, they fell to fighting among themselves.

PHR-V
= begin

fallacious

[D.J.:fəˈleɪʃəs]

[K.K.:fəˈleʃəs]

adj.

谬误的;虚妄的;欺骗的 ;靠不住的; 不合逻辑的 ;令人失望的

fallacious

fallacious
If an idea, argument, or reason is fallacious , it is wrong because it is based on a fallacy. (FORMAL)

- Their main argument is fallacious, and their conclusions untenable.

ADJ-GRADED
= false

fallacy

[D.J.:ˈfæləsi:]

[K.K.:ˈfæləsi]

n.

错误的见解;错误的推论

fallacy *

fallacy fallacies
A fallacy is an idea which many people believe to be true, but which is in fact false because it is based on incorrect information or reasoning.

- It's a fallacy that the affluent give relatively more to charity than the less prosperous.

- It exposes the fallacy of short-term industrial gain at long-term environmental expense.

N-VAR: oft N that, N of n/-ing

fallacy

noun

error

delusion

falsehood

flaw

misapprehension

misconception

mistake

untruth

fallback

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:lbæk]

[K.K.:ˈfɔlˌbæk]

n.

可依靠的东西,退却

fallback

fallback
Someone's fallback position is what they will do if their plans do not succeed, or if something unexpected happens. (JOURNALISM)

- Yesterday's vote itself was a retreat from an earlier fallback position.

ADJ: ADJ n

fall guy

fall guy fall guys
If someone is the fall guy , they are blamed for something which they did not do or which is not their fault. (INFORMAL)

- He claims he was made the fall guy for the affair.

N-COUNT
= scapegoat

fallibility

[ˌfæliˈbiliti]

n.

易错,不可靠,易误

fallible

[D.J.:ˈfæləbəl]

[K.K.:ˈfæləbəl]

adj.

容易犯错的

fallible

1. fallible
If you say that someone or something is fallible , you mean that they are not perfect and are likely to make mistakes or to fail in what they are doing. (FORMAL)

- They are only human and all too fallible.

- The system has proved fallible time after time.

- Human reason is a fallible guide.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ infallible

2. fallibility

- Errors may have been made due to human fallibility.

- The fallibility of science is one of the great betrayals of our times.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

fallible

adjective

imperfect

erring

frail

ignorant

uncertain

weak

falling-off

n.

下降,减退

falling-off

falling-off
If there is a falling-off of an activity, there is a decrease in its amount or intensity.

- There has been a falling-off in box office income and other earnings.

N-SING: N of/in n
= decline

fallopian tube *

fallopian tube fallopian tubes
A woman's fallopian tubes are the two tubes in her body along which eggs pass from her ovaries to her womb.
N-COUNT

fallout

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:lˌaʊt]

[K.K.:ˈfɔlˌaʊt]

n.

放射尘;(核爆炸后的)沉降物;后果,余波

fallout *

1. fallout
Fallout is the radiation that affects a particular place or area after a nuclear explosion has taken place.

- They were exposed to radioactive fallout during nuclear weapons tests.

N-UNCOUNT

2. fallout
If you refer to the fallout from something that has happened, you mean the unpleasant consequences that follow it.

- Grundy lost his job in the fallout from the incident.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N from n

fallow

[D.J.:ˈfæləʊ]

[K.K.:ˈfælo]

adj.

犁过而未播种的,休闲的;(指耕地)未经耕作的

n.

休闲地,休耕地

fallow

1. fallow
Fallow land has been dug or ploughed but nothing has been planted in it, especially so that its quality or strength has a chance to improve.

- ...great red barns in empty fallow fields...

- The fields lay fallow.

ADJ

2. fallow
A fallow period is a time when very little is being achieved.

- There followed something of a fallow period professionally, until a job came up in the summer.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

fallow

adjective

uncultivated

dormant

idle

inactive

resting

unplanted

unused

fallow deer

fallow deer
A fallow deer is a small deer that has a reddish coat which develops white spots in summer.
N-COUNT fallow deer is both the singular and the plural form

false

[fɔ:ls]

adj.

不真实的, 错误的

假的, 伪造的

不忠实的, 虚伪的

falsely

adv.

虚伪地,不实地,错误地

falsity

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:lsiti]

[K.K.:ˈfɔlsɪti]

n.

虚伪,虚假,不老实,不忠实,谎言

false ***

1. false
If something is false , it is incorrect, untrue, or mistaken.

- It was quite clear the President was being given false information by those around him.

- You do not know whether what you're told is true or false.

- His sister said he had deliberately given the hospital a false name and address.

ADJ
≠ true genuine

2. falsely

- ...a man who is falsely accused of a crime.

ADV: ADV with v
= wrongly

3. falsity

- ...with no clear knowledge of the truth or falsity of the issues involved.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

4. false
You use false to describe objects which are artificial but which are intended to look like the real thing or to be used instead of the real thing.

- ...the items she'd secreted in the false bottom of her suitcase.

- ...a set of false teeth...

- I was wearing false eyelashes and a sweater two sizes too small.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= artificial ≠ real

5. false
If you describe a person or their behaviour as false , you are criticizing them for being insincere or for hiding their real feelings.

- She bowed her head and smiled in false modesty.

- `Thank you,' she said with false enthusiasm.

- Even to himself the geniality rang false and he came to a stop.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ genuine

6. falsely

- He was falsely jovial, with his booming, mirthless laugh.

- `This food is divine,' they murmur, falsely.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV after v

false

adjective

1.

incorrect

erroneous

faulty

inaccurate

inexact

invalid

mistaken

wrong

2.

untrue

lying

unreliable

unsound

untruthful

3.

artificial

bogus

counterfeit

fake

forged

imitation

sham

simulated

4.

deceptive

deceitful

fallacious

fraudulent

hypocritical

misleading

trumped up

false alarm

false alarm false alarms
When you think something dangerous is about to happen, but then discover that you were mistaken, you can say that it was a false alarm .

- ...a bomb threat that turned out to be a false alarm.

N-COUNT

falsehood

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:lsˌhʊd]

[K.K.:ˈfɔlsˌhʊd]

n.

<正> 谎言;假话;虚假

falsehood

1. falsehood
Falsehood is the quality or fact of being untrue or of being a lie.

- She called the verdict a victory of truth over falsehood.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ truth

2. falsehood falsehoods
A falsehood is a lie. (FORMAL)

- He accused them of knowingly spreading falsehoods about him.

N-COUNT

falsehood

noun

1.

untruthfulness

deceit

deception

dishonesty

dissimulation

mendacity

2.

lie

fabrication

fib

fiction

story

untruth

false move

false move
You use one false move to introduce the very bad or serious consequences which will result if someone makes a mistake, even a very small one.

- One false move and I knew Sarah would be dead.

PHR

false positive

false positive false positives
A false positive is a mistaken result of a scientific test. For example, if the result of a pregnancy test is a false positive, it indicates that a woman is pregnant when she is not.

- ...a high rate of false positive results.

N-COUNT: oft N n

false start *

1. false start false starts
A false start is an attempt to start something, such as a speech, project, or plan, which fails because you were not properly prepared or ready to begin.

- Any economic reform, he said, faced false starts and mistakes.

N-COUNT

2. false start false starts
If there is a false start at the beginning of a race, one of the competitors moves before the person who starts the race has given the signal.
N-COUNT

falsetto

[D.J.:fɔ:lˈsetəu]

[K.K.:fɔlˈsɛto]

n.

假音,男性女声；假声歌手

falsetto

falsetto falsettos
If a man sings or speaks in a falsetto , his voice is high-pitched, and higher than a man's normal voice.

- He sang to himself in a soft falsetto.

- Even though it's high, it's not a falsetto voice.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft in N, N n

falsification

[D.J.:ˌfɔ:lsɪfɪˈkeɪʃɵn]

[K.K.:ˌfɔlsəfəˈkeʃən]

n.

弄虚作假；歪曲

falsifier

[ˈfɔ:lsiˌfaiə]

n.

弄虚作假者,伪造者,撒谎的人,伪证的人

falsify

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:lsəˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfɔlsəˌfaɪ]

vt.

篡改;伪造

falsification

n.

弄虚作假;歪曲

falsifier

n.

弄虚作假者;伪造者

falsify *

1. falsify falsifies falsifying falsified
If someone falsifies something, they change it or add untrue details to it in order to deceive people.

- The charges against him include fraud, bribery, and falsifying business records.

VB

2. falsification falsifications

- ...recent concern about the falsification of evidence in court.

N-VAR: usu N of n

falsify

verb

forge

alter

counterfeit

distort

doctor

fake

misrepresent

tamper with

falter

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:ltə]

[K.K.:ˈfɔltɚ]

vi.

(嗓音)颤抖, 结巴地说

犹豫, 畏缩

蹒跚, 踉跄

faltering

[ˈfɔ:ltəriŋ]

adj.

犹豫的,支吾的,蹒跚的

falter *

1. falter falters faltering faltered
If something falters , it loses power or strength in an uneven way, or no longer makes much progress.

- Normal life is at a standstill, and the economy is faltering.

- The car was out of sight around a bend in moments, but the engine did not falter or slow down.

- A faltering economy and a recent wave of labour unrest have affected the new party's popularity.

VB

2. falter falters faltering faltered
If you falter , you lose your confidence and stop doing something or start making mistakes.

- I have not faltered in my quest for a new future.

- As he neared the house his steps faltered.

VB

3. falter falters faltering faltered
If your voice falters when you are speaking, you hesitate or pause, because you are unsure about what you are saying or are upset.

- Her voice faltered and she had to stop a moment to control it.

VB

faltering

faltering
A faltering attempt, effort, or movement is uncertain because the person doing it is nervous or weak, or does not really know what to do.

- `Now I feel I can do it,' he said in faltering English.

- Leaning on Jon, Michael took faltering steps to the bathroom.

ADJ
= hesitant

falter

verb

hesitate

stammer

stumble

stutter

totter

vacillate

waver

faltering

adjective

hesitant

broken

irresolute

stammering

tentative

timid

uncertain

weak

fame

[D.J.:feim]

[K.K.:fem]

n.

名声, 名望

fame **

fame
If you achieve fame , you become very well-known.

- At the height of his fame, his every word was valued.

- The film earned him international fame.

- ...her rise to fame and fortune as a dramatist.

N-UNCOUNT
claim to fame : see claim .

fame

noun

prominence

celebrity

glory

honour

renown

reputation

repute

stardom

famed

[D.J.:feɪmd]

[K.K.:femd]

adj.

著名的,出名的

famed *

famed
If people, places, or things are famed , they are very well-known.

- The city is famed for its outdoor restaurants.

- ...the famed Brazilian photographer Sebastiao Salgado.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ for n
= renowned

familial

[D.J.:fəˈmiljəl]

[K.K.:fəˈmɪljəl]

adj.

家族的,家庭的

familial

familial
Familial means relating to families in general, or typical of a family. (FORMAL)

- There was a familial comfort to the place.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

familiar

[D.J.:fəˈmiljə]

[K.K.:fəˈmɪljɚ]

adj.

熟悉的, 通晓的

冒昧的, 放肆的

随便的, 非正式的

familiarity

[D.J.:fəˌmɪlˈjærɪti:, -ˌmɪli:ˈær-]

[K.K.:fəˌmɪlˈjærɪti, -ˌmɪliˈær-]

n.

熟悉;通晓;认识

友好随便;亲近

familiarity breeds contempt

亲不敬，熟生蔑；狎能生慢

familiarly

adv.

亲密地,精通地

familiar ***

1. familiar
If someone or something is familiar to you, you recognize them or know them well.

- He talked of other cultures as if they were more familiar to him than his own.

- They are already familiar faces on our TV screens.

- ...the familiar names of long-established local firms.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

2. familiarity

- Tony was unnerved by the uncanny familiarity of her face.

N-UNCOUNT

3. familiar
If you are familiar with something, you know or understand it well.

- Lesinko is quite familiar with Central Television. He worked there for 25 years.

- Most people are familiar with this figure from Wagner's opera.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with n

4. familiarity

- The enemy would always have the advantage of familiarity with the rugged terrain.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N with n

5. familiar
If someone you do not know well behaves in a familiar way towards you, they treat you very informally in a way that you might find offensive.

- The driver of that taxi-cab seemed to me familiar to the point of impertinence.

- John's `crime' was being too familiar with the manager and calling him Gouldy.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

6. familiarity

- She needed to control her surprise at the easy familiarity with which her host greeted the head waiter.

N-UNCOUNT

7. familiarly

- `Gerald, isn't it?' I began familiarly.

ADV-GRADED

familiarity

familiarity
Familiarity is used especially in the expression familiarity breeds contempt to say that if you know a person or situation very well, you can easily lose respect for that person or become careless in that situation.

- Familiarity with evil breeds not contempt but acceptance.

PHR: V inflects
See also familiar .

familiarly

familiarly
If you say that something or someone is familiarly known as a particular thing or familiarly called a particular thing, you are giving the name that people use informally to refer to it.

- ...Ann Hamilton's father, familiarly known as `Dink'.

PHR

familiar

adjective

1.

well-known

accustomed

common

customary

frequent

ordinary

recognizable

routine

2.

friendly

amicable

close

easy

intimate

relaxed

3.

disrespectful

bold

forward

impudent

intrusive

presumptuous

familiarity

noun

1.

acquaintance

awareness

experience

grasp

understanding

2.

friendliness

ease

informality

intimacy

openness

sociability

3.

disrespect

boldness

forwardness

presumption

familiarization

n.

亲密,熟悉,精通

familiarize

[D.J.:fəˈmɪljəˌraɪz]

[K.K.:fəˈmɪljəˌraɪz]

vt.

使(某人)熟悉,使通晓

familiarization

n.

familiarize

familiarize familiarizes familiarizing familiarized
If you familiarize yourself with something, or if someone familiarizes you with it, you learn about it and start to understand it.

- I was expected to familiarise myself with the keyboard.

- The goal of the experiment was to familiarize the people with the new laws.

VB (BRIT) also familiarise

familiarize

verb

accustom

habituate

instruct

inure

school

season

train

family

[D.J.:ˈfæmili]

[K.K.:ˈfæməli, ˈfæmli]

n.

家, 家庭

子女

家族, 氏族

语族, 语系

(动植物的)科

family *****

1. family families
A family is a group of people who are related to each other, especially parents and their children.

- There's room in there for a family of five.

- His family are completely behind him, whatever he decides.

- To him the family is the core of society.

- Does he have any family?

N-COUNT-COLL

2. family families
When people talk about a family , they sometimes mean children.

- They decided to start a family.

- ...couples with large families.

N-COUNT-COLL

3. family families
When people talk about their family , they sometimes mean their ancestors.

- Her family came to Los Angeles at the turn of the century.

- ...homes where their families had lived for generations.

- ...the history of mental illness in the family.

N-COUNT-COLL

4. family
You can use family to describe things that belong to a particular family.

- He returned to the family home.

- I was working in the family business.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. family
You can use family to describe things that are designed to be used or enjoyed by both parents and children.

- It had been designed as a family house.

- A wedding is a family event.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. family families
A family of animals or plants is a group of related species.

- ...foods in the cabbage family, such as Brussels sprouts.

N-COUNT: with supp

family

noun

1.

relations

folk informal

household

kin

kith and kin

one's nearest and dearest

one's own flesh and blood

relatives

2.

clan

dynasty

house

race

tribe

3.

group

class

genre

network

subdivision

system

family doctor *

family doctor family doctors
A family doctor is a doctor who does not specialize in any particular area of medicine, but who has a medical practice in which he or she treats all types of illness. (BRIT)

- Only your family doctor can refer you to a surgeon.

N-COUNT: oft poss N
= GP

family man

1. family man family men
A family man is a man who is very fond of his wife and children and likes to spend a lot of time with them.

- I'm very much a family man and need to be close to those I love.

N-COUNT

2. family man family men
A family man is a man who has a wife and children.

- I am a family man with a mortgage.

N-COUNT

family name

family name family names
Your family name is your surname.
N-COUNT

family planning *

family planning
Family planning is the practice of using contraception to control the number of children you have.

- ...a family planning clinic.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

family tree

family tree family trees
A family tree is a chart that shows all the people in a family over many generations and their relationship to one another.
N-COUNT

famine

[D.J.:ˈfæmin]

[K.K.:ˈfæmɪn]

n.

饥荒

famine **

famine famines
Famine is a situation in which large numbers of people have little or no food, and many of them die.

- Thousands of refugees are trapped by war, drought and famine.

- The civil war is obstructing distribution of famine relief by aid agencies.

N-VAR

famine

noun

hunger

dearth

scarcity

starvation

famished

[D.J.:ˈfæmɪʃt]

[K.K.:ˈfæmɪʃt]

adj.

<口>非常饿

famished

famished
If you are famished , you are very hungry. (INFORMAL)

- Isn't dinner ready? I'm famished.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ
= starving

famished

adjective

starving

ravenous

voracious

famous

[D.J.:ˈfeiməs]

[K.K.:ˈfeməs]

adj.

著名的, 出名的

famous ****

famous
Someone or something that is famous is very well known.

- New Orleans is famous for its cuisine.

- ...England's most famous landscape artist, John Constable.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ for n

famous

adjective

well-known

acclaimed

celebrated

distinguished

eminent

illustrious

legendary

noted

prominent

renowned

famously

[D.J.:ˈfeɪməsli:]

[K.K.:ˈfeməsli]

adv.

著名地;出名地

get on/along famously

关系很好； 相处融洽

famously *

1. famously
You use famously to refer to a fact that is well known, usually because it is remarkable or extreme.

- Authors are famously ignorant about the realities of publishing.

- As Wren's epitaph famously declares, the cathedral itself is his monument.

ADV: usu ADV adj, also ADV with v

2. famously
If you get on or get along famously with someone, you are very friendly with each other and enjoy meeting and being together. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- I got on famously with Leary from the first time we met.

ADV: ADV after v

fan

[D.J.:fæn]

[K.K.:fæn]

n.

扇子; 风扇; 扇形物

狂热爱好者, 迷

vt.

扇

fanning

[ˈfæniŋ]

n.

铺开,展开

fan ****

1. fan fans
If you are a fan of someone or something, especially a famous person or a sport, you like them very much and are very interested in them.

- If you're a Billy Crystal fan, you'll love this movie.

- As a boy he was a Manchester United fan.

- I am a great fan of rave music.

N-COUNT: usu n N, N of n

2. fan fans
A fan is a flat object that you hold in your hand and wave in order to move the air and make yourself feel cooler.
N-COUNT

3. fan fans fanning fanned
If you fan yourself or your face when you are hot, you wave a fan or other flat object in order to make yourself feel cooler.

- She would have to wait in the truck, fanning herself with a piece of cardboard.

- Mo kept bringing me out refreshments and fanning me as it was that hot.

VB

4. fan fans
A fan is a piece of electrical or mechanical equipment with blades that go round and round. It keeps a room or machine cool or gets rid of unpleasant smells.

- He cools himself in front of an electric fan.

- ...an extractor fan.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

5. fan fans
You can describe anything that has the shape of a wide `V' with a curved part above it as a fan .

- ...its fan of tail feathers.

- ...a conservatory with an ornate fan-shaped roof.

N-COUNT

6. fan fans fanning fanned
If you fan a fire, you wave something flat next to it in order to make it burn more strongly. If a wind fans a fire, it blows on it and makes it burn more strongly.

- Kneeling in front of the open hearth, old Maria was fanning the smoldering fire.

- During the afternoon burning period hot winds fan the flames.

VB

7. fan fans fanning fanned
If someone fans an emotion such as fear, hatred, or passion, they deliberately do things to make people feel the emotion more strongly.

- He said students were fanning social unrest with their violent protests.

- ...economic problems which often fan hatred.

VB
= fuel

fan

noun

1.

blower

air conditioner

ventilator

verb

2.

blow

air-condition

cool

refresh

ventilate

fan

noun

supporter

admirer

aficionado

buff informal

devotee

enthusiast

follower

lover

fan out ****

1. fan out fans out; fanning out; fanned out
If a group of people or things fan out , they move forwards away from a particular point in different directions.

- The main body of British, American, and French troops had fanned out to the west.

- We fanned out from the farmhouse in twos and threes.

PHR-V
= spread out

2. fan out fans out; fanning out; fanned out
If something fans out , or if you fan it out , it spreads out or opens out into the shape of a circle or half circle.

- She suddenly raised her arms and spun, so the dress's full skirt fanned out in a bright circle.

- Korontzis picked up his hand slowly and fanned out the cards one by one.

- She lay on her back, her black hair fanned out over the pillow.

PHR-V-ERG

fanatic

[D.J.:fəˈnætik]

[K.K.:fəˈnætɪk]

n.

狂热者, 入迷者

adj.

狂热入迷的

fanatic *

1. fanatic fanatics
If you describe someone as a fanatic , you disapprove of them because you consider their behaviour or opinions to be very extreme, for example in the way they support particular religious or political ideas.

- I am not a religious fanatic but I am a Christian.

N-COUNT disapproval
= extremist

2. fanatic fanatics
If you say that someone is a fanatic , you mean that they are very enthusiastic about a particular activity, sport, or way of life.

- Both Rod and Phil are football fanatics.

N-COUNT: usu n N
= enthusiast

3. fanatic
Fanatic means the same as fanatical .
ADJ-GRADED

fanatic

noun

extremist

activist

bigot

militant

zealot

fanatical

[D.J.:fəˈnætɪkəl]

[K.K.:fəˈnætɪkəl]

adj.

狂热的;入迷的

fanatically

adv.

狂热地,盲信地

fanatical *

1. fanatical
If you describe someone as fanatical , you disapprove of them because you consider their behaviour or opinions to be very extreme.

- As a boy he was a fanatical patriot.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. fanatically

- He's fanatically hostile to trade unions.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

fanatical

adjective

passionate

bigoted

extreme

fervent

frenzied

immoderate

obsessive

overenthusiastic

wild

zealous

fanaticism

[D.J.:fəˈnætɪˌsɪzəm]

[K.K.:fəˈnætɪˌsɪzəm]

n.

狂热;盲信;着迷

fanaticism

fanaticism
Fanaticism is fanatical behaviour or the quality of being fanatical.

- ...a protest against intolerance and religious fanaticism.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= extremism

fan belt

fan belt fan belts
In a car engine, the fan belt is the belt that drives the fan which keeps the engine cool.
N-COUNT

fancier

[D.J.:ˈfænsiə]

[K.K.:ˈfænsiɚ]

n.

对…有特殊兴趣和爱好的人

fancier *

fancier fanciers
An animal or plant fancier is a person who breeds animals or plants of a particular type or who is very interested in them.

- ...pigeon fanciers.

N-COUNT: supp N
See also fancy .

fancy 2 elaborate or expensive *

1. fancy fancier fanciest
If you describe something as fancy , you mean that it is special, unusual, or elaborate, for example because it has a lot of decoration.

- It was packaged in a fancy plastic case with attractive graphics.

- ...fancy jewellery.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. fancy fancier fanciest
If you describe something as fancy , you mean that it is very expensive or of very high quality, and you often dislike it because of this. (INFORMAL)

- He owned a fancy house out on Lake Agaway.

- They sent me to a fancy private school.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

fancy

adjective

1.

elaborate

baroque

decorative

embellished

extravagant

intricate

ornamental

ornate

noun

2.

whim

caprice

desire

humour

idea

impulse

inclination

notion

thought

urge

3.

delusion

chimera

daydream

dream

fantasy

vision

verb

4.

suppose

believe

conjecture

imagine

reckon

think

think likely

5.

wish for

crave

desire

hanker after

hope for

long for

thirst for

yearn for

6.

be attracted to

be captivated by

like

lust after

take a liking to

take to

fanciful

[D.J.:ˈfænsɪfəl]

[K.K.:ˈfænsɪfəl]

adj.

(指人)富于幻想的

(指物)设计或装饰新颖奇特的

fancifully

adv.

富于幻想地

fancifulness

n.

幻想;奇异

fancifully

adv.

梦想地

fanciful *

1. fanciful
If you describe an idea as fanciful , you disapprove of it because you think it comes from someone's imagination, and is therefore unrealistic or unlikely to be true.

- ...fanciful ideas about Martian life...

- Designing silicon chips to mimic human organs sounds fanciful.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. fanciful
If you describe the appearance of something as fanciful , you mean that it is unusual and elaborate rather than plain and simple.

- The economic gloom of the early 1980s was relieved by fanciful architecture.

ADJ-GRADED

fanciful

adjective

unreal

imaginary

mythical

romantic

visionary

whimsical

wild

fan club *

1. fan club fan clubs
A fan club is an organized group of people who all admire the same person or thing, for example a pop singer or pop group. Members of the fan club receive information and can take part in activities such as trips to concerts.
N-COUNT

2. fan club
If you say that you are a member of someone's fan club , you mean that you like them a lot or approve of them strongly.

- He has charmed most of them into membership of his fan club.

N-SING: usu poss N

fancied

[ˈfænsid]

adj.

空想的,虚构的,被特别爱好的

fancies

[ˈfænsis]

n.

花式织物,花色货品

fancy

[D.J.:ˈfænsi]

[K.K.:ˈfænsi]

vt.

想像, 设想

想要, 喜欢

猜想, 以为

n.

设想, 空想, 幻想

想像力, 幻想力

爱好, 迷恋

adj.

昂贵的, 高档的

别致的, 花式的, 花哨的

fancy 1 wanting, liking, or thinking ***

1. fancy fancies fancying fancied
If you fancy something, you want to have it or to do it. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- What do you fancy doing, anyway?.

- Do you fancy going to see a movie sometime?.

- I just fancied a drink.

VB

2. fancy fancies
A fancy is a liking or desire for someone or something, especially one that does not last long.

- She did not suspect that his interest was just a passing fancy.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= whim

3. fancy fancies fancying fancied
If you fancy someone, you feel attracted to them, especially in a sexual way. (INFORMAL)

- The boys would tease you to death if they didn't fancy you.

- I think he thinks I fancy him or something.

VB

4. fancy fancies fancying fancied
If you fancy yourself as a particular kind of person or doing a particular thing, you like the idea of being that kind of person or doing that thing.

- So you fancy yourself as the boss someday?.

- I didn't fancy myself wearing a kilt.

VB

5. fancy fancies fancying fancied
If you say that someone fancies themselves as a particular kind of person, you mean that they think, often wrongly, that they have the good qualities which that kind of person has.

- She fancies herself a bohemian.

- She knew Felix fancied himself as a connoisseur.

- ...a flighty young woman who really fancies herself.

VB

6. fancy fancies fancying fancied
If you say that you fancy a particular competitor or team in a competition, you think they will win. (BRIT)

- You have to fancy Bath because they are the most consistent team in England.

- I fancy England and Yugoslavia to win through.

VB

7. fancy fancies fancying fancied
If you fancy that something is the case, you think or suppose that it is so. (LITERARY)

- When Ferris looked up he fancied that he saw a shadow pass close to the window.

- She fancied he was trying to hide a smile.

VB
= imagine

8. fancy fancies
A fancy is an idea that is unlikely, untrue, or imaginary. (LITERARY)

- His last book is a bold, at times surrealistic mixture of fact and fancy.

- ...a childhood fancy.

- ...whims and fancies.

N-VAR
= fantasy

9. fancy
You say ` fancy ' or ` fancy that ' when you want to express surprise or disapproval.

- Fancy coming to a funeral in brown boots!.

- `Fancy that!' smiled Conti.

EXCLAM feelings

10. fancy
If you take a fancy to someone or something, you start liking them, usually for no understandable reason.

- Sylvia took quite a fancy to him.

- The King took a fancy to ordering disguises and masks.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n/-ing

11. fancy
If something takes your fancy or tickles your fancy , you like it a lot when you see it or think of it.

- She makes most of her own clothes, copying any fashion which takes her fancy.

PHR: V inflects

fancy dress

fancy dress
Fancy dress is clothing that you wear for a party at which everyone tries to look like a famous person or a person from a story, from history, or from a particular profession.

- Guests were told to come in fancy dress.

- He turned up at the fancy dress party as a footballer.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

fandango

[D.J.:fænˈdæŋɡəu]

[K.K.:fænˈdæŋɡo]

n.

胡闹,一种西班牙舞(或舞曲)

fandango

fandango fandangos
A fandango is a Spanish dance in which two people dance very close together.
N-COUNT: oft the N

fanfare

[D.J.:ˈfænˌfeə]

[K.K.:ˈfænˌfɛr]

n.

仪式上用的短曲

fanfare *

1. fanfare fanfares
A fanfare is a short, loud tune played on trumpets or other similar instruments to announce a special event.

- The ceremony opened with a fanfare of trumpets.

N-COUNT

2. fanfare fanfares
If something happens with a fanfare , it happens or is announced with a lot of publicity. If something happens without a fanfare , it happens without a lot of fuss or publicity. (JOURNALISM)

- The company was privatised with a fanfare of publicity in 1986.

- The departure of the South Korean prime minister was marked with little fanfare.

N-VAR: oft N of n

fang

[D.J.:fæŋ]

[K.K.:fæŋ]

n.

(尤指狗和狼的)长而尖的牙

(蛇的)毒牙

fang *

fang fangs
Fangs are the two long, sharp, upper teeth that some animals have.

- The cobra sank its venomous fangs into his hand.

N-COUNT: usu pl

fanlight

[D.J.:ˈfænˌlait]

[K.K.:ˈfænˌlaɪt]

n.

扇形窗

fanlight

fanlight fanlights
A fanlight is a small window over a door or above another window.
N-COUNT

fanny

[D.J.:ˈfæni]

[K.K.:ˈfæni]

n.

臀部,屁股

fanny

1. fanny fannies
Someone's fanny is their bottom. (AM, INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-COUNT: usu poss N

2. fanny fannies
A woman's fanny is her genitals. (BRIT, INFORMAL) ( VERY RUDE)
N-COUNT: usu poss N

fantasia

[D.J.:fænˈteɪʒə, -ʒi:ə, ˌfæntəˈzi:ə]

[K.K.:fænˈteʒə, -ʒiə, ˌfæntəˈziə]

n.

幻想曲,即兴作品

fantasia

fantasia fantasias
A fantasia is a piece of music that is not written in a traditional or fixed form. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT: usu sing

fantasist

[D.J.:ˈfæntəsist]

[K.K.:ˈfæntəsɪst]

n.

幻想曲作曲家

fantasist

fantasist fantasists
A fantasist is someone who constantly tells lies about their life and achievements in order to make them sound more exciting than they really are.

- Singleton was a fantasist who claimed to have a karate blackbelt.

N-COUNT

fantasize

[D.J.:ˈfæntəˌsaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈfæntəˌsaɪz]

vt. & vi.

想像;幻想;做白日梦

fantasize *

1. fantasize fantasizes fantasizing fantasized
If you fantasize about an event or situation that you would like to happen, you give yourself pleasure by imagining that it is happening, although it is untrue or unlikely to happen.

- I fantasised about writing music.

- Her husband died in 1967, although she fantasised that he was still alive.

VB (BRIT) also fantasise

2. fantasize fantasizes fantasizing fantasized
If someone fantasizes , they try to excite themselves sexually by imagining a particular person or situation.

- Research has shown that men are likely to fantasize far more frequently than women.

- I tried to fantasize about Christine: those wondering blue eyes, that coppery red hair of hers.

VB (BRIT) also fantasise

fantasize

verb Informal

daydream

dream

envision

imagine

fantastic

[D.J.:fænˈtæstik]

[K.K.:fænˈtæstɪk]

adj.

荒诞的, 奇异的, 古怪的

极大的, 异乎寻常的

极好的, 极出色的, 了不起的

fantastically

[D.J.:fænˈtæstɪkəlɪ]

adv.

空想地, 捕风捉影地

fantastic **

1. fantastic
If you say that something is fantastic , you are emphasizing that you think it is very good or that you like it a lot. (INFORMAL)

- I have a fantastic social life.

- I thought she was fantastic.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= great

2. fantastic
A fantastic amount or quantity is an extremely large one.

- ...fantastic amounts of money.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. fantastically

- ...a fantastically expensive restaurant.

ADV: ADV adj/adv

4. fantastic
You describe something as fantastic or fantastical when it seems strange and wonderful or unlikely.

- Unlikely and fantastic legends grew up around a great many figures, both real and fictitious.

- The book has many fantastical aspects.

ADJ-GRADED The form fantastical is also used

fantastic

adjective

1.

excellent

awesome slang

first-rate

marvellous

sensational informal

superb

wonderful

2.

strange

fanciful

grotesque

outlandish

3.

unrealistic

extravagant

far-fetched

ludicrous

ridiculous

wild

4.

implausible

absurd

cock-and-bull informal

incredible

preposterous

unlikely

fantasy

[D.J.:ˈfæntəsi]

[K.K.:ˈfæntəsi, -zi]

n.

想像, 幻想

空想的产物, 怪念头

vt. & vi.

想像, 幻想

fantasy ***

1. fantasy fantasies
A fantasy is a pleasant situation or event that you think about and that you want to happen, especially one that is unlikely to happen.

- ...fantasies of romance and true love.

N-COUNT also phantasy .
= dream

2. fantasy fantasies
You can refer to a story or situation that someone creates from their imagination and that is not based on reality as fantasy .

- The film is more of an ironic fantasy than a horror story.

N-VAR also phantasy .

3. fantasy
Fantasy is the activity of imagining things.

- ...a world of imagination, passion, fantasy, reflection.

N-UNCOUNT also phantasy .

fantasy

noun Informal

1.

imagination

creativity

fancy

invention

originality

2.

daydream

dream

flight of fancy

illusion

mirage

pipe dream

reverie

vision

fanzine

[D.J.:fænˈzi:n]

[K.K.:ˈfænzin]

n.

(流行音乐等的)杂志

fanzine *

fanzine fanzines
A fanzine is a magazine for people who are fans of, for example, a particular pop group or football team. Fanzines are written by people who are fans themselves, rather than by professional journalists.
N-COUNT

FAQ

常见问题解答

FAQ

FAQ FAQs
FAQ is used especially on websites to refer to questions about computers and the Internet. FAQ is an abbreviation for `frequently asked questions'.
N-PLURAL

far

[D.J.:fɑ:]

[K.K.:fɑr]

adv.

到很远距离, 遥远地

久远地

到很大程度, 很, 极

adj.

远的, 遥远的

far *****

( Far has two comparatives, farther and further , and two superlatives, farthest and furthest . Farther and farthest are used mainly in sense 1, and are dealt with here. Further and furthest are dealt with in separate entries.)

1. far
If one place, thing, or person is far away from another, there is a great distance between them.

- I know a nice little Italian restaurant not far from here.

- They came from as far away as Florida.

- Both of my sisters moved even farther away from home.

- They lay in the cliff top grass with the sea stretching out far below.

- Is it far?

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, v-link ADV, usu ADV prep/adv
≠ near

2. far
If you ask how far a place is, you are asking what distance it is from you or from another place. If you ask how far someone went, you are asking what distance they travelled, or what place they reached.

- How far is Pawtucket from Providence?.

- How far is it to Malcy?.

- How far can you throw?.

- You can only judge how high something is when you know how far away it is.

- She followed the tracks as far as the road.

ADV-GRADED: how ADV, as/so ADV as , ADV-compar than

3. far
When there are two things of the same kind in a place, the far one is the one that is a greater distance from you.

- He had wandered to the far end of the room.

- A narrow steep path leads down into a valley and up the far side.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ near

4. far
You can use far to refer to the part of an area or object that is the greatest distance from the centre in a particular direction. For example, the far north of a country is the part of it that is the greatest distance to the north.

- I've spent a lot of time walking around Britain from the far north of Scotland down to Cornwall.

- I wrote the date at the far left of the blackboard.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. far
A time or event that is far away in the future or the past is a long time from the present or from a particular point in time.

- ...hidden conflicts whose roots lie far back in time...

- I can't see any farther than the next six months.

- The first day of term, which seemed so far away at the start of the summer holidays, is looming.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, v-link ADV, usu ADV adv/prep

6. far
You can use far to talk about the extent or degree to which something happens or is true.

- How far did the film tell the truth about Barnes Wallis?.

- But it is not clear how far they could help with the work on a power plant.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, usu how ADV
= to what extent

7. far
You can talk about how far someone or something gets to describe the progress that they make.

- Discussions never progressed very far.

- Think of how far we have come in a little time.

- I don't think Mr Cavanagh would get far with that trick.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, oft how ADV

8. far
You can talk about how far a person or action goes to describe the degree to which someone's behaviour or actions are extreme.

- It's still not clear how far the Russian parliament will go to implement its own plans.

- Competition can be healthy, but if it is pushed too far it can result in bullying.

- This time he's gone too far.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

9. far
You can use far in expressions like ` I wouldn't go that far ' and ` I would go so far ' to indicate to what extent you agree with something.

- `Does it sound like music?' --- `I wouldn't go that far.'.

- I would go so far as to say it's positively neurotic.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

10. far
You can use far to mean `very much' when you are comparing two things and emphasizing the difference between them. For example, you can say that something is far better or far worse than something else to indicate that it is very much better or worse. You can also say that something is, for example, far too big to indicate that it is very much too big.

- Women who eat plenty of fresh vegetables are far less likely to suffer anxiety or depression.

- The police say the response has been far better than expected.

- These trials are simply taking far too long.

- It now has debts reported to be far in excess of one thousand million pounds.

ADV: usu ADV compar, ADV too adj/adv, also ADV adv/prep emphasis

11. far
You can describe people with extreme left-wing or right-wing political views as the far left or the far right.

- The far right is now a greater threat than the extreme left.

- Anti-racist campaigners are urging the Government to ban all far-Right groups.

ADJ: ADJ n
= extreme

12. far
You can use far in expressions like ` as far as I know ' and ` so far as I remember ' to indicate that you are not absolutely sure of the statement you are about to make or have just made, and you may be wrong.

- It only lasted a couple of years, as far as I know.

- So far as I am aware, no proper investigation has ever been carried out into the subject.

ADV-GRADED: as/so ADV as vagueness

13. far
You use the expression far and away when you are comparing something or someone with others of the same kind, in order to emphasize how great the difference is between them. For example, you can say that something is far and away the best to indicate that it is definitely the best.

- Rangers are far and away the best team in Scotland.

PHR: PHR the adj-superl emphasis
= easily

14. far
You use the expression by far when you are comparing something or someone with others of the same kind, in order to emphasize how great the difference is between them. For example, you can say that something is by far the best or the best by far to indicate that it is definitely the best.

- By far the most important issue for them is unemployment.

- It was better by far to be clear-headed.

PHR: PHR with compar/superl emphasis

15. far
If you say that something is far from a particular thing or far from being the case, you are emphasizing that it is not that particular thing or not at all the case, especially when people expect or assume that it is.

- It was obvious that much of what they recorded was far from the truth.

- Far from being relaxed, we both felt so uncomfortable we hardly spoke.

- It is still far from clear exactly what the Thais intend to do.

PHR: PHR n/-ing/adj, oft v-link PHR emphasis

16. far
You can use the expression ` far from it ' to emphasize a negative statement that you have just made.

- Being dyslexic does not mean that one is unintelligent. Far from it.

PHR emphasis
= on the contrary

17. far
You say far be it from me to disagree, or far be it from me to criticize, when you are disagreeing or criticizing and you want to appear less hostile.

- Far be it from me to criticise, but shouldn't their mother take a share of the blame?

PHR: PHR to-inf

18. far
If you say that something is good as far as it goes or true so far as it goes , you mean that it is good or true only to a limited extent.

- His plan for tax relief is fine as far as it goes but will not be sufficient to get the economy moving again.

PHR: PHR with cl

19. far
If you say that someone will go far , you mean that they will be very successful in their career.

- I was very impressed with the talent of Michael Ball. He will go far.

PHR

20. far
Someone or something that is far gone is in such a bad state or condition that not much can be done to help or improve them.

- In his last few days the pain seemed to have stopped, but by then he was so far gone that it was no longer any comfort.

- Many of the properties are in a desperate state but none is too far gone to save.

PHR: v-link PHR

21. far
Someone or something that is not far wrong , not far out , or not far off is almost correct or almost accurate.

- I hadn't been far wrong in my estimate.

- Robertson is not far off her target.

PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR in n

22. far
You can use the expression ` as far as I can see ' when you are about to state your opinion of a situation, or have just stated it, to indicate that it is your personal opinion.

- That's the problem as far as I can see.

- As far as I can see there are only two reasons for such an action.

PHR: PHR with cl

23. far
If you say that something only goes so far or can only go so far , you mean that its extent, effect, or influence is limited.

- Their loyalty only went so far.

- The church can only go so far in secular matters.

PHR: PHR after v

24. far
If you tell or ask someone what has happened so far , you are telling or asking them what has happened up until the present point in a situation or story, and often implying that something different might happen later.

- It's been quiet so far.

- So far, they have met with no success.

- Which one have you enjoyed most so far?

PHR: PHR with cl

25. far
You can say so far so good to express satisfaction with the way that a situation or activity is progressing, developing, or happening.
PHR feelings

26. far
Thus far means up until the present point in a situation or story. (FORMAL)

- Thus far, the two prime ministers have achieved no concrete results.

PHR: PHR with cl

27. far
If people come from far and wide , they come from a large number of places, some of them far away. If things spread far and wide , they spread over a very large area or distance. (WRITTEN)

- Volunteers came from far and wide.

- His fame spread far and wide.

PHR: from PHR, PHR after v

28. far
If you say that someone won't go far wrong or can't go far wrong with a particular thing or course of action, you mean that it is likely to be successful or satisfactory.

- If you remember these three golden rules you won't go far wrong.

PHR

far

adverb

1.

a long way

afar

a good way

a great distance

deep

miles

2.

much

considerably

decidedly

extremely

greatly

incomparably

very much

adjective

3.

remote

distant

faraway

far-flung

far-off

outlying

out-of-the-way

faraway

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:rəˈweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfɑrəˈwe]

adj.

遥远的

恍惚的,出神的,心不在焉的

faraway *

1. faraway
A faraway place is a long distance from you or from a particular place.

- They have just returned from faraway places with wonderful stories to tell.

- ...photographs of a far away country.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n also far-away .
= distant

2. faraway
If you describe someone or their thoughts as faraway , you mean that they are thinking about something that is very different from the situation around them.

- She smiled with a faraway look in her eyes.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n also far-away .
= dreamy

farce

[D.J.:fɑ:s]

[K.K.:fɑrs]

n.

笑剧,闹剧,滑稽戏;笑剧剧目;作假的可笑场面,闹剧场面

farce *

1. farce farces
A farce is a humorous play in which the characters become involved in complicated and unlikely situations.
N-COUNT

2. farce
Farce is the style of acting and writing that is typical of farces.

- The plot often borders on farce.

N-UNCOUNT

3. farce
If you describe a situation or event as a farce , you mean that it is so disorganized or ridiculous that you cannot take it seriously.

- The elections have been reduced to a farce.

N-SING: also no det disapproval
= shambles

farce

noun

1.

comedy

buffoonery

burlesque

satire

slapstick

2.

mockery

joke

nonsense

parody

sham

travesty

farcical

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:sɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈfɑrsɪkəl]

adj.

荒唐的;荒谬的;可笑的

farcical

farcical
If you describe a situation or event as farcical , you mean that it is so silly or extreme that you are unable to take it seriously.

- ...a farcical nine months' jail sentence imposed yesterday on a killer.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

farcical

adjective

ludicrous

absurd

comic

derisory

laughable

nonsensical

preposterous

ridiculous

risible

fare

[D.J.:fɛə]

[K.K.:fɛr]

n.

费, 票价

乘客

食物

vi.

吃, 进食

进展, 遭遇

fare ***

1. fare fares
A fare is the money that you pay for a journey that you make, for example, in a bus, train, or taxi.

- He could barely afford the railway fare.

- ...taxi fares.

N-COUNT

2. fare
The fare at a restaurant or caf´e is the type of food that is served there. (WRITTEN)

- The fare has much improved since Hugh has taken charge of the kitchen.

- ...traditional Portuguese fare in a traditional setting.

N-UNCOUNT

3. fare fares faring fared
If you say that someone or something fares well or badly, you are referring to the degree of success they achieve in a particular situation or activity.

- It is unlikely that the marine industry will fare any better in September.

- Some later expeditions fared better, though they were no better equipped.

VB
= do

fare

noun

1.

charge

price

ticket money

2.

food

provisions

rations

sustenance

victuals

verb

3.

get on

do

get along

make out

manage

prosper

Far East *

Far East
The Far East is used to refer to all the countries of Eastern Asia, including China, Japan, North and South Korea, and Indochina.
N-PROPER: the N

farewell

[D.J.:ˈfɛəˈwel]

[K.K.:fɛrˈwɛl]

n.

告别, 欢送

farewell **

1. farewell
Farewell means the same as goodbye . (OLD-FASHIONED, LITERARY)
CONVENTION

2. farewell farewells
Also a noun.

- They said their farewells there at the cafe.

N-COUNT

farewell

noun

goodbye

adieu

departure

leave-taking

parting

sendoff informal

valediction

far-fetched

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:ˈfetʃt]

[K.K.:ˈfɑrˈfɛtʃt]

adj.

牵强的;未必会的

far-fetched

far-fetched
If you describe a story or idea as far-fetched , you are criticizing it because you think it is unlikely to be true or practical.

- The storyline was too far-fetched and none of the actors was particularly good.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= unrealistic

far-fetched

adjective

unconvincing

cock-and-bull informal

fantastic

implausible

incredible

preposterous

unbelievable

unlikely

unrealistic

far-flung

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:ˈflʌŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfɑrˈflʌŋ]

adj.

广布的,广泛的,蔓延的,辽阔的,漫长的,遥远的

far-flung

1. far-flung farther-flung farthest-flung
Far-flung places are a very long distance away from where you are or from important places.

- Ferries are a lifeline to the far-flung corners of Scotland.

- ...one of the farthest-flung outposts of the old Roman Empire.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= remote

2. far-flung
If you describe something such as organization or system as far-flung , you mean that it extends over a very large area.

- ...a far-flung network of conspirators.

ADJ: ADJ n

farm

[D.J.:fɑ:m]

[K.K.:fɑrm]

n.

农田, 农场; 饲养场

vt. & vi.

耕作, 经营农场

farming

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:miŋ]

n.

农事, 耕作;畜牧业

farm ****

1. farm farms
A farm is an area of land, together with the buildings on it, that is used for growing crops or raising animals, usually in order to sell them.

- Farms in France are much smaller than those in the United States or even Britain.

N-COUNT

2. farm farms farming farmed
If you farm an area of land, you grow crops or keep animals on it.

- They farmed some of the best land in Scotland.

- He has lived and farmed in the area for 46 years.

VB

3. farm farms
A mink farm or a fish farm , for example, is a place where a particular kind of animal or fish is bred and kept in large quantities in order to be sold.

- ...trout fresh from a local trout farm.

N-COUNT: n N

farming **

farming
Farming is the activity of growing crops or keeping animals on a farm.
N-UNCOUNT

farm

noun

1.

smallholding

croft Scot.

farmstead

grange

homestead

plantation

ranch chiefly North American

verb

2.

cultivate

plant

work

farm out ****

farm out farms out; farming out; farmed out
If you say that someone farms out work, especially work that you would normally expect them to do themselves, you mean that they give it to other people to do.

- The move is consistent with a trend for corporate legal staffs to do more work in-house, instead of farming it out to law firms.

- We can take advantage of new technology more quickly by farming out computer operations.

- They've tended to farm out work to consultants.

PHR-V

farmer

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:mə]

[K.K.:ˈfɑrmɚ]

n.

农场主, 农民

farmer ****

farmer farmers
A farmer is a person who owns or manages a farm.
N-COUNT

farmhand

n.

农业工人,农场工人;雇农

farmhand

farmhand farmhands
A farmhand is a person who is employed to work on a farm.
N-COUNT also farm hand .

farmhouse

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:mˌhaʊs]

[K.K.:ˈfɑrmˌhaʊs]

n.

农舍;农场的主要住房

farmhouse *

farmhouse farmhouses
A farmhouse is the main house on a farm, usually where the farmer lives.
N-COUNT also farm house .

farmland

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:mˌlænd, -lənd]

[K.K.:ˈfɑrmˌlænd, -lənd]

n.

农田,耕地,牧地

farmland *

farmland
Farmland is land which is farmed, or which is suitable for farming.
N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

farmyard

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:mˌjɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈfɑrmˌjɑrd]

n.

农家宅院

farmyard

farmyard farmyards
On a farm, the farmyard is an area of land near the farmhouse which is enclosed by walls or buildings.
N-COUNT

far off *

1. far off further off furthest off
If you describe a moment in time as far off , you mean that it is a long time from the present, either in the past or the future.

- In those far off days it never entered anyone's mind that she could be Prime Minister.

- European political and monetary union is further off than ever.

ADJ-GRADED
= distant

2. far off further off furthest off
If you describe something as far off , you mean that it is a long distance from you or from a particular place.

- ...stars in far-off galaxies.

ADJ-GRADED

3. far off
Also an adverb.

- The band was playing far off in their blue and yellow uniforms.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

far out *

far out
If you describe something as far out , you mean that it is very strange or extreme. (INFORMAL)

- Fantasies cannot harm you, no matter how bizarre or far out they are.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ also far-out .

farrago

[D.J.:fəˈrɑ:ɡəu]

[K.K.:fəˈrɑɡo, -ˈre-]

n.

混杂,混杂物

farrago

farrago farragoes or farragos
If you describe something as a farrago , you are critical of it because you think it is a confused mixture of different types of things. (FORMAL)

- Professor Brian Cox has described the report as `a farrago of wild emotional outbursts, confused arguments and extravagant rhetoric'.

N-COUNT: oft N of n disapproval
= hotchpotch

far-reaching

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:ˈri:tʃɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfɑrˈritʃɪŋ]

adj.

深远的;广泛的

far-reaching *

far-reaching
If you describe actions, events, or changes as far-reaching , you mean that they have a very great influence and affect a great number of things.

- The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented.

ADJ-GRADED
= sweeping

farrier

[D.J.:ˈfæriə]

[K.K.:ˈfæriɚ]

n.

蹄铁匠,马医,兽医,骑兵中管理马匹(或钉马蹄铁)的下士

farrier

farrier farriers
A farrier is a person who fits horseshoes onto horses.
N-COUNT

far-sighted

[D.J.:fɑ:ˈsaitid]

[K.K.:ˈfɑrˈsaɪtɪd]

adj.

有远见的,慎重的,远视的

far-sighted

1. far-sighted
If you describe someone as far-sighted , you admire them because they understand what is likely to happen in the future, and therefore make wise decisions and plans.

- Haven't far-sighted economists been telling us for some time now that in the future we will work less, not more?.

- The White House has welcomed the Chinese decision and described it as a far-sighted, significant step.

ADJ-GRADED approval

2. far-sighted
Far-sighted people cannot see things clearly that are close to them, and therefore need to wear glasses. (AM; in BRIT usually use long-sighted )
ADJ-GRADED
≠ near-sighted

fart

[D.J.:fɑ:t]

[K.K.:fɑrt]

vi.

〈讳〉放屁

n.

〈讳〉放屁

fart *

1. fart farts farting farted
If someone farts , air is forced out of their body through their anus. (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- He'd been farting all night.

VB

2. fart farts
Also a noun.

- ...a loud fart.

N-COUNT

3. fart farts
If someone describes another person as an old fart , they are showing that they think the person is boring and that they do not respect the person. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-COUNT: usu adj N disapproval

farther

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:ðə]

[K.K.:ˈfɑrðɚ]

adv.

更远地, 较远地, 再往前

在更大程度上, 进一步

adj.

更远的

farther

Farther is a comparative form of far .

farthest

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:ðɪst]

[K.K.:ˈfɑrðɪst]

adj.

(距离、时间上)最远的

adv.

(距离、时间上)最远地

最大程度地;最大限度地

farthest

Farthest is a superlative form of far .

farthing

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:ðɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfɑrðɪŋ]

n.

<英>(英国过去的货币,现已不用)四分之一便士

一点儿;极少量

farthing

farthing farthings
A farthing was a small British coin which was worth a quarter of an old penny.
N-COUNT

fascia

[D.J.:ˈfæʃi:ə]

[K.K.:ˈfæʃiə]

n.

带, 饰带

<医>绷带

<建>线脚间的扁平石材或木材

(店门上的)招牌;店主名牌

<英> 汽车仪表板

<解>筋膜, 肌膜;<动>(昆虫的) 横带

fascia

1. fascia fascias
In a car, the fascia is the part surrounding the instruments and dials. (FORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use instrument panel )
N-COUNT: usu sing

2. fascia fascias
The fascia on a shop front is the flat surface above the shop window, on which the name of the shop is written. (BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu sing

fascinate

[D.J.:ˈfæsineit]

[K.K.:ˈfæsəˌnet]

vt.

使着迷, 使极感兴趣

慑住…使动弹不得

fascinating

[D.J.:ˈfæsineitiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfæsəˌnetɪŋ]

adj.

迷人的, 有极大吸引力的

fascinate *

fascinate fascinates fascinating fascinated
If something fascinates you, it interests and delights you so much that your thoughts tend to concentrate on it.

- Politics fascinated Franklin's father.

- She fascinated him, both on and off stage.

VB

fascinated *

fascinated
If you are fascinated by something, you find it very interesting and attractive, and your thoughts tend to concentrate on it.

- I sat on the stairs and watched, fascinated.

- A new generation of scientists became fascinated by dinosaurs.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ by/with n

fascinating **

fascinating
If you describe something as fascinating , you find it very interesting and attractive, and your thoughts tend to concentrate on it.

- Madagascar is the most fascinating place I have ever been to.

- Her perceptions and intuitions about human nature were fascinating.

ADJ-GRADED

fascinate

verb

intrigue

absorb

beguile

captivate

engross

enthral

entrance

hold spellbound

rivet

transfix

fascinating

adjective

gripping

alluring

captivating

compelling

engaging

engrossing

enticing

intriguing

irresistible

riveting

fascination

[D.J.:ˌfæsəˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌfæsəˈneʃən]

n.

魅力;有魅力的东西

迷恋,陶醉

fascination *

1. fascination
Fascination is the state of being greatly interested in or delighted by something.

- I've had a lifelong fascination with the sea and with small boats.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N with/of/for n

2. fascination fascinations
A fascination is something that fascinates people.

- ...a series focusing on the fascinations of the British Museum.

N-COUNT

fascination

noun

attraction

allure

charm

enchantment

lure

magic

magnetism

pull

fascism

[D.J.:ˈfæʃizəm]

[K.K.:ˈfæʃˌɪzəm]

n.

法西斯主义

fascism **

fascism
Fascism is a set of right-wing political beliefs that includes strong control of society and the economy by the state, a powerful role for the armed forces, and the stopping of political opposition.
N-UNCOUNT

fascist

[D.J.:ˈfæʃɪst]

[K.K.:ˈfæʃɪst]

adj.

法西斯主义的

n.

法西斯主义的支持者

fascist **

1. fascist
You use fascist to describe organizations, ideas, or systems which follow the principles of fascism.

- ...an upsurge of support for extreme rightist, nationalist and fascist organisations.

- ...the threatening nature of fascist ideology.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. fascist fascists
A fascist is someone who has fascist views.
N-COUNT

3. fascist fascists
If you refer to someone as a fascist , you are expressing disapproval of the fact that they have extreme views on something, and do not tolerate alternative views.

- ...the so-called health fascists who would meddle in their lives and regulate their calorie intake.

N-COUNT disapproval

fashion

[D.J.:ˈfæʃən]

[K.K.:ˈfæʃən]

n.

方式, 样子

流行款式, 时尚款式, 时装

fashioned

adj.

…式的,…风的

fashioning

[ˈfæʃəniŋ]

n.

精加工

fashion ****

1. fashion
Fashion is the area of activity that involves styles of clothing and appearance.

- There are 20 full-colour pages of fashion for men.

- The fashion world does not mind what the real world thinks.

N-UNCOUNT

2. fashion fashions
A fashion is a style of clothing or a way of behaving that is popular at a particular time.

- In the early seventies I wore false eyelashes, as was the fashion.

- Queen Mary started the fashion for blue and white china in England.

- He stayed at the top through all changes and fashions in pop music.

N-COUNT: oft the N

3. fashion
If you do something in a particular fashion or after a particular fashion , you do it in that way.

- There is another drug called DHE that works in a similar fashion.

- It is happening in this fashion because of the obstinacy of one woman.

N-SING: with supp
= manner

See also parrot-fashion .

4. fashion fashions fashioning fashioned
If you fashion an object or a work of art, you make it. (FORMAL)

- Stone Age settlers fashioned necklaces from sheep's teeth.

VB

5. fashion
If you say that something was done after a fashion , you mean that it was done, but not very well.

- She was educated -- after a fashion -- by a governess at home.

- He knew the way, after a fashion.

PHR

6. fashion
If something is in fashion , it is popular and approved of at a particular time. If it is out of fashion , it is not popular or approved of.

- That sort of house is back in fashion.

- Marriage seems to be going out of fashion.

PHR

fashion

noun

1.

style

craze

custom

fad

look

mode

rage

trend

vogue

2.

method

manner

mode

style

way

verb

3.

make

construct

create

forge

form

manufacture

mould

shape

fashionable

[D.J.:ˈfæʃənəbl]

[K.K.:ˈfæʃənəbəl]

adj.

流行的, 符合时尚的, 时髦的

fashionably

[D.J.:ˈfæʃənəblɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfæʃənəblɪ]

adv.

随着流行;赶时髦地

fashionable **

1. fashionable
Something or someone that is fashionable is popular or approved of at a particular time.

- It became fashionable to eat certain kinds of fish.

- Chelsea Harbour is renowned for its fashionable restaurants.

ADJ-GRADED

2. fashionably

- ...women who are perfectly made up and fashionably dressed.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/-ed

fashionable

adjective

popular

à la mode

chic

in informal

in vogue

modern

stylish

trendy Brit. informal

up-to-date

with it informal

fashion victim

fashion victim fashion victims
A fashion victim is someone who thinks that being fashionable is more important than looking nice, and as a result often wears very fashionable clothes that do not suit them or that make them look silly.

- I'm not a fashion victim; I stick to what suits me.

N-COUNT disapproval

fast

[D.J.:fɑ:st]

[K.K.:fæst]

adj.

快的, 迅速的

紧紧的, 牢固的

adv.

快地, 迅速地

紧紧地, 牢固地

faster

adj.

更快的

adv.

更快地

fasting

[ˈfɑ:stiŋ]

adj.

禁食的

n.

禁食

fast ****

1. fast faster fastest
Fast means happening, moving, or doing something at great speed. You also use fast in questions or statements about speed.

- ...fast cars with flashing lights and sirens...

- Brindley was known as a very, very fast driver.

- The party aims to attract votes from the business and professional communities, which want a faster pace of political reform.

- The only question is how fast the process will be.

ADJ-GRADED
= quick ≠ slow

2. fast
Also an adverb.

- They work terrifically fast.

- It would be nice to go faster and break the world record.

- He thinks they're not adapting fast enough.

- Barnes also knows that he is fast running out of time.

- How fast were you driving?.

- How fast would the disease develop?

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= quickly ≠ slowly

3. fast
You use fast to say that something happens without any delay.

- When you've got a crisis like this you need professional help -- fast!.

- We'd appreciate your leaving as fast as possible.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
= soon swiftly

4. fast faster fastest
Also an adjective.

- That would be an astonishingly fast action on the part of the Congress.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= swift

5. fast faster fastest
If a watch or clock is fast , it is showing a time that is later than the real time.

- That clock's an hour fast.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

6. fast
The fast lane on a motorway or highway is intended for the vehicles which are travelling at the greatest speeds.

- A man was killed as he walked down the fast lane of a motorway yesterday.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ slow

7. fast
If you hold something fast , you hold it tightly and firmly. If something is stuck fast , it is stuck very firmly and cannot move.

- She climbed the staircase cautiously, holding fast to the rail.

- The tanker is stuck fast on the rocks.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
= firmly

8. fast
If you hold fast to a principle or idea, or if you stand fast , you do not change your mind about it, even though people are trying to persuade you to.

- We can only try to hold fast to the age-old values of honesty, decency and concern for others.

- He told supporters to stand fast over the next few vital days.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
= firmly

9. fast faster fastest
If colours or dyes are fast , they do not come out of the fabrics they are used on when they get wet.

- The fabric was ironed to make the colours fast.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

10. fast
A fast way of life is one which involves a lot of enjoyable and expensive or dangerous activities.

- Life in Detroit no longer satisfied him; he wanted the fast life of California.

ADJ: ADJ n
= exciting ≠ dull

11. fast fasts fasting fasted
If you fast , you eat no food for a period of time, usually for either religious or medical reasons, or as a protest.

- I fasted for a day and half and asked God to help me.

VB
≠ gorge

12. fast fasts
Also a noun.

- The fast is broken at sunset, traditionally with dates and water.

N-COUNT

13. fasting

- ...the Muslim holy month of fasting and prayer.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ feasting

14. fast
Someone who is fast asleep is completely asleep.

- When he went upstairs five minutes later, she was fast asleep.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

15. fast
If you say that someone is playing fast and loose , you are expressing disapproval of them for behaving in a deceitful, immoral, or irresponsible way.

- There have been people who have played fast and loose with the rules.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

16. fast
If you say that someone has pulled a fast one on you, you mean that they have cheated or tricked you. (INFORMAL)

- No doubt someone had pulled a fast one on her over a procedural matter.

PHR: V inflects

fast

adjective

1.

quick

brisk

fleet

flying

hasty

nippy Brit. informal

rapid

speedy

swift

2.

fixed

close

fastened

firm

immovable

secure

sound

steadfast

tight

3.

dissipated

dissolute

extravagant

loose

profligate

reckless

self-indulgent

wanton

wild

adverb

4.

quickly

hastily

hurriedly

in haste

like lightning

rapidly

speedily

swiftly

5.

soundly

deeply

firmly

fixedly

securely

tightly

fast

verb

1.

go hungry

abstain

deny oneself

go without food

noun

2.

fasting

abstinence

fast-breeder reactor

fast-breeder reactor fast-breeder reactors
A fast-breeder reactor or a fast-breeder is a kind of nuclear reactor that produces more plutonium than it uses.
N-COUNT

fasten

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:sən]

[K.K.:ˈfæsən]

vt.

系紧, 拴牢

vt. & vi.

闩住

fastening

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:sniŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfæsənɪŋ]

n.

(尤指衣服的)扣处, 扣法

fastenings

连接件

fasten *

1. fasten fastens fastening fastened
When you fasten something, you close it by means of buttons or a strap, or some other device. If something fastens with buttons or straps, you can close it in this way.

- She got quickly into her Mini and fastened the seat-belt.

- Her long fair hair was fastened at the nape of her neck by an elastic band.

- ...the dress, which fastens with a long back zip.

V-ERG
= do up ≠ unfasten

2. fasten fastens fastening fastened
If you fasten one thing to another, you attach the first thing to the second, for example with a piece of string or tape.

- There were no instructions on how to fasten the carrying strap to the box.

- Mamma fastened the picture on the wall.

VB
= attach

3. fasten fastens fastening fastened
If someone or something fastens your attention on a particular thing or if your attention fastens on it, you start to concentrate on it rather than on anything else.

- More and more her memory and all her thoughts fastened on one event.

- The discovery has fastened public attention on the possibilities of DNA analysis for resolving mysteries.

V-ERG
= focus

4. fasten fastens fastening fastened
If someone or something fastens on a particular thing, they start to concentrate on it.

- My mind attempted to calm itself by fastening on this trivial detail.

- It's a gross over-simplification to fasten on to the red deer as a threat to the environment.

VB

5. fasten fastens fastening fastened
If someone fastens on you, they keep following, talking to, or staying with you, when you want them to go away.

- He's fastening on that poor girl like a leech.

VB
= latch onto

fastening

fastening fastenings
A fastening is something such as a clasp or zip that you use to fasten something and keep it shut.

- The sundress has a neat back zip fastening.

N-COUNT: oft n N

fasten

verb

fix

affix

attach

bind

connect

join

link

secure

tie

fastener

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:sɵnə]

[K.K.:ˈfæsnɚ]

n.

紧固件，夹持器

结扎者

fastener

fastener fasteners
A fastener is a device such as a button, zip, or small hook that fastens something, especially clothing.
N-COUNT

fast food *

fast food
Fast food is hot food, such as hamburgers and chips, that you obtain from particular types of restaurant, and which is served quickly after you order it.

- James works as assistant chef at a fast food restaurant.

- Most of the time we just ate snacks and fast food.

N-UNCOUNT: oft n N

fast forward

1. fast forward
If you put a video or cassette tape on fast forward , you make the tape go forwards. Compare rewind .

- Before recording onto a new tape, wind it on fast forward, then rewind.

- I really tried with this film, but kept pushing the fast-forward button -- I found it unwatchable.

N-UNCOUNT: oft on N also fast-forward .

2. fast forward fast forwards fast forwarding fast forwarded
When you fast forward the tape in a video or tape recorder or when you fast forward , you make the tape go forwards. Compare rewind .

- Just fast forward the video.

- He fast-forwarded the tape past the explosion.

- The urge to fast-forward is almost irresistible.

VB also fast-forward .

fastidious

[D.J.:fæˈstɪdi:əs, fə-]

[K.K.:fæˈstɪdiəs, fə-]

adj.

(人)过分挑剔的,过分讲究的,难于讨好的

fastidiously

adv.

过分挑剔地,过分讲究地

fastidiousness

n.

挑剔,讲究

fastidiously

adv.

非常讲究地,一丝不苟地

fastidiousness

n.

严格,一丝不苟

fastidious *

1. fastidious
If you say that someone is fastidious , you mean that they pay great attention to detail because they like everything to be very neat, accurate, and in good order.

- ...her fastidious attention to historical detail...

- He was fastidious about his appearance.

ADJ-GRADED
= meticulous

2. fastidiously

- He fastidiously copied every word of his notes on to clean paper.

ADV-GRADED

3. fastidious
If you say that someone is fastidious , you mean that they are concerned about keeping clean to an extent that many people consider to be excessive.

- Be particularly fastidious about washing your hands before touching food.

ADJ-GRADED

4. fastidiously

- Ernestine kept her daughters fastidiously clean.

ADV-GRADED

fast lane

1. fast lane fast lanes
On a motorway, the fast lane is the part of the road where the vehicles that are travelling fastest go. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu the N

2. fast lane
If someone is living in the fast lane , they have a very busy, exciting life, although they sometimes seem to take a lot of risks.

- ..a tale of life in the fast lane.

- ...the fast lane of world cricket.

N-SING: usu the N

fastness

[D.J.:ˈfæstnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈfæstnɪs]

n.

牢固,固定

要塞,堡垒

fastness

fastness fastnesses
A fastness is a place, such as a castle, which is considered safe because it is difficult to reach or easy to defend against attack. (LITERARY)

- In his 80s, from the rural fastness of his farm, he preached the simple life.

N-COUNT: with supp

fast track *

fast track
The fast track to a particular goal, especially in politics or in your career, is the quickest route to achieving it.

- Many Croats and Slovenes saw independence as the fast track to democracy.

- He was told that, at 28, he was too old for fast-track promotion.

N-SING: oft N to n, N n also fast-track .

fat

[D.J.:fæt]

[K.K.:fæt]

adj.

多脂肪的, 肥胖的

丰富的, 大量的

n.

脂肪, 油脂

肥肉

fatness

n.

肥胖,肥沃,油腻

fats

脂肪

fatter

[ˈfætə]

adj.

胖的,丰满的

fattest

adj.

胖的,丰满的

fat ****

1. fat fatter fattest
If you say that a person or animal is fat , you mean that they have a lot of flesh on their body and that they weigh too much. You usually use the word fat when you think that this is a bad thing.

- I could eat what I liked without getting fat.

- After five minutes, the fat woman in the seat in front of me was asleep.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= overweight ≠ thin

2. fatness

- No one knows whether a child's tendency towards fatness is inherited or due to the food he eats.

N-UNCOUNT

3. fat
Fat is the extra flesh that animals and humans have under their skin, which is used to store energy and to help keep them warm.

- Because you're not burning calories, everything you eat turns to fat.

N-UNCOUNT

4. fat fats
Fat is a solid or liquid substance obtained from animals or vegetables, which is used in cooking.

- When you use oil or fat for cooking, use as little as possible.

- ...vegetable fats, such as coconut oil and palm oil.

N-MASS

5. fat fats
Fat is a substance contained in foods such as meat, cheese, and butter which forms an energy store in your body.

- An easy way to cut the amount of fat in your diet is to avoid eating red meats.

- Most low-fat yogurts are about 40 calories per 100g.

N-MASS

6. fat fatter fattest
A fat object, especially a book, is very thick or wide.

- ...'Europe in Figures', a fat book published on September 22nd...

- He took out his fat wallet and peeled off some notes.

ADJ-GRADED
= thick ≠ thin slim

7. fat fatter fattest
A fat profit or fee is a large one. (INFORMAL)

- They are set to make a big fat profit.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

8. fat
If you say that there is fat chance of something happening, you mean that you do not believe that it will happen. (INFORMAL, mainly SPOKEN)

- `Would your car be easy to steal?' --- `Fat chance. I've got a device that shuts down the gas and ignition.'

PHR: oft PHR of n feelings

9. fat
If you say that a person or organization has grown fat on something, you mean that they have become very rich as a result of it.

- Liverpool grew fat on the basis of the slave trade.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR on n disapproval

10. fat
If you say that something is a fat lot of good or a fat lot of help , you are saying rudely that it is no good or no help at all. (INFORMAL)

- `I think we should go in and hammer them.' --- `And a fat lot of good that would do us.'

PHR

fat

adjective

1.

overweight

corpulent

heavy

obese

plump

podgy

portly

rotund

stout

tubby

2.

fatty

adipose

greasy

oily

oleaginous

noun

3.

fatness

blubber

bulk

corpulence

flab

flesh

obesity

paunch

fatal

[D.J.:ˈfeitəl]

[K.K.:ˈfetl]

adj.

致命的

灾难性的

重大的, 决定性的

fatally

[D.J.:ˈfeɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfetlɪ]

adv.

致命地;不幸地

宿命地;命中注定地

fatal **

1. fatal
A fatal action has very undesirable effects.

- It would clearly be fatal for Europe to quarrel seriously with America.

- He made the fatal mistake of compromising early.

- It would deal a fatal blow to his fading chances of success.

ADJ-GRADED

2. fatally

- Failure now could fatally damage his chances in the future.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. fatal
A fatal accident or illness causes someone's death.

- ...the fatal stabbing of a police sergeant...

- A hospital spokesman said she had suffered a fatal heart attack.

ADJ

4. fatally

- The dead soldier is reported to have been fatally wounded in the chest.

ADV: usu ADV with v

fatal

adjective

1.

lethal

deadly

final

incurable

killing

malignant

mortal

terminal

2.

ruinous

baleful

baneful

calamitous

catastrophic

disastrous

fatalism

[D.J.:ˈfeitəliz(ə)m]

[K.K.:ˈfetlˌɪzəm]

n.

宿命论

fatalism

fatalism
Fatalism is a feeling that you cannot control events or prevent unpleasant things from happening, especially when this feeling stops you from making decisions or making an effort.

- There's a certain mood of fatalism now among the radicals.

N-UNCOUNT
= resignation

fatalistic

[ˌfeitəˈlistik]

adj.

宿命论的

fatalistic

fatalistic
If someone is fatalistic about something, especially an unpleasant event or situation, they feel that they cannot change or control it, and therefore that there is no purpose in trying.

- People we spoke to today were really rather fatalistic about what's going to happen.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n
= resigned

fatality

[D.J.:feɪˈtælɪti:, fə-]

[K.K.:feˈtælɪti, fə-]

n.

恶性事故;死亡

致命性

命运,天命

fatality *

1. fatality fatalities
A fatality is a death caused by an accident or by violence. (FORMAL)

- Drunk driving fatalities in this country have declined more than 10 percent over the past 10 years.

N-COUNT

2. fatality
Fatality is the feeling or belief that human beings cannot influence or control events.

- ...with a feeling of fatality.

N-UNCOUNT

fatality

noun

death

casualty

loss

mortality

fat cat

fat cat fat cats
If you refer to a businessman or politician as a fat cat , you are indicating that you disapprove of the way they use their wealth and power. (INFORMAL)

- ...the fat cats who run the bank.

- ...fat-cat corporate types.

N-COUNT disapproval

fate

[D.J.:feit]

[K.K.:fet]

n.

命运

死亡, 毁灭

fate ***

1. fate
Fate is a power that some people believe controls and decides everything that happens, in a way that cannot be prevented or changed. You can also refer to the fates .

- I see no use quarrelling with fate.

- ...the fickleness of fate...

- It was just one of those times when you wonder whether the fates conspire against you.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. fate fates
A person's or thing's fate is what happens to them.

- The Russian Parliament will hold a special session later this month to decide his fate.

- He seems for a moment to be again holding the fate of the country in his hands.

- The Casino, where she had often danced, had suffered a similar fate.

- ...the terrible fate awaiting humanity.

N-COUNT: oft with poss
= destiny

3. fate
If something seals a person's or thing's fate , it makes it certain that they will fail or that something unpleasant will happen to them.

- The call for a boycott could be enough to seal the fate of next week's general election.

- And yesterday the Zoo's fate was sealed, largely due to two months of ever-dwindling entrance figures.

PHR: V inflects
to tempt fate : see tempt .

fate

noun

1.

destiny

chance

divine will

fortune

kismet

nemesis

predestination

providence

2.

fortune

cup

horoscope

lot

portion

stars

fated

[D.J.:ˈfeɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈfetɪd]

adj.

命运已定的

注定要毁灭的

fated *

fated
If you say that a person is fated to do something, or that something is fated , you mean that it seems to have been decided by fate before it happens, and nothing can be done to avoid or change it.

- He was fated not to score.

- ...stories of desperation, fated love, treachery and murder.

ADJ: oft ADJ to-inf
= doomed

See also ill-fated .

fated

adjective

destined

doomed

foreordained

inescapable

inevitable

predestined

preordained

sure

written

fateful

[D.J.:ˈfeɪtfəl]

[K.K.:ˈfetfəl]

adj.

重大的,有很大影响的,引起灾难的,灾难性的

fatefully

adv.

命中注定地,与命运有关地;致命地

fatefulness

n.

命中注定

fatefully

adv.

宿命地,决定性地

fateful *

fateful
If an action or a time when something happened is described as fateful , it is considered to have an important, and often very bad, effect on future events.

- It was a fateful decision, one which was to break the Government.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= momentous

fateful

adjective

1.

crucial

critical

decisive

important

portentous

significant

2.

disastrous

deadly

destructive

fatal

lethal

ominous

ruinous

father

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:ðə]

[K.K.:ˈfɑðɚ]

n.

父亲

祖先, 先辈

创始人, 奠基人

father *****

1. father fathers
Your father is your male parent. You can also call someone your father if he brings you up as if he was this man.

- His father was a painter.

- He would be a good father to my children.

- ...Mr Stoneman, a father of five.

N-FAMILY

2. father fathers fathering fathered
When a man fathers a child, he makes a woman pregnant and their child is born.

- She claims Mark fathered her child.

- He fathered at least three children by the wives of other men.

VB

3. father fathers
The man who invented or started something is sometimes referred to as the father of that thing.

- ...Max Dupain, regarded as the father of modern photography.

- ...Mahatma Gandhi, the founding father of independent India.

N-COUNT: N of n

4. father
In some Christian churches, priests are addressed or referred to as Father .

- I would like your advice on a matter of conscience, Father.

- ...Father William.

N-VOC; N-TITLE; N-COUNT

5. father
Christians often refer to God as our Father or address him as Father .

- ...Our Father in Heaven.

N-PROPER: our N; N-VOC

father

noun

1.

daddy informal

dad informal

old man informal

pa informal

papa old-fashioned informal

pater

pop informal

2.

forefather

ancestor

forebear

predecessor

progenitor

3.

founder

architect

author

creator

inventor

maker

originator

prime mover

4.

priest

padre informal

pastor

verb

5.

sire

beget

get

procreate

Father Christmas

Father Christmas
Father Christmas is the name given to an imaginary old man with a long white beard and a red coat. Traditionally, young children in many countries are told that he brings their Christmas presents. (BRIT; in AM use Santa Claus )
N-PROPER
= Santa Claus

father figure

father figure father figures
If you describe someone as a father figure , you mean that you feel able to turn to that person for advice and support in the same way that you might turn to your father.

- She believed her daughter needed a father-figure.

- He became a father figure to the whole company.

N-COUNT also father-figure .

fatherhood

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:ðəˌhʊd]

[K.K.:ˈfɑðɚˌhʊd]

n.

父亲的身份,父性,父权

fatherhood

fatherhood
Fatherhood is the state of being a father.

- ...the joys of fatherhood.

N-UNCOUNT

father-in-law

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:ðərɪnˌlɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈfɑðərɪnˌlɔ]

n.

岳父;公公

<英><口>继父

father-in-law *

father-in-law fathers-in-law
Someone's father-in-law is the father of their husband or wife.
N-COUNT: usu poss N

fatherland

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:ðəˌlænd]

[K.K.:ˈfɑðɚˌlænd]

n.

①祖国

祖国(指二战期间的德国)

fatherland *

fatherland fatherlands
If someone is very proud of the country where they or their ancestors were born, they sometimes refer to it as the fatherland . The word fatherland is particularly associated with Germany.

- They were willing to serve the fatherland in its hour of need.

N-COUNT: usu sing

fatherland

noun

homeland

motherland

native land

fatherless

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:ðəlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈfɑðəlɪs]

adj.

无父的

fatherless

fatherless
You describe children as fatherless when their father has died or does not live with them.

- ...widows and fatherless children...

- They were left fatherless.

ADJ

fatherly

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:ðəli:]

[K.K.:ˈfɑðəli]

adj.

父亲的;慈父般的

fatherly

fatherly
Fatherly feelings or actions are like those of a kind father.

- His voice filled with fatherly concern.

- He took my arm in a fatherly way.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= paternal

fatherly

adjective

paternal

affectionate

benevolent

benign

kindly

patriarchal

protective

supportive

Father's Day

Father's Day
Father's Day is the third Sunday in June, when children give cards and presents to their fathers to show that they love them.
N-UNCOUNT

fathom

[D.J.:ˈfæðəm]

[K.K.:ˈfæðəm]

n.

英寻

vt.

理解…的真意, 搞懂, 弄清楚

fathom out

理解，弄明白(某人的想法和行为)；彻底了解；弄清真相

fathom *

1. fathom fathoms
A fathom is a measurement of 1.8 metres or 6 feet, used when referring to the depth of water.

- We sailed into the bay and dropped anchor in five fathoms of water.

N-COUNT: oft num N

2. fathom fathoms fathomed
If you cannot fathom something, you are unable to understand it, although you think carefully about it.

- I really couldn't fathom what Steiner was talking about.

- Jeremy's passive attitude was hard to fathom.

VB: no cont, oft with brd-neg

3. fathom out; fathoms out; fathomed out
Fathom out means the same as fathom .

- We're trying to fathom out what's going on.

- I'm having difficulty using my video editing equipment and can't fathom out the various connections.

PHR-V

fathom

verb

understand

comprehend

get to the bottom of

grasp

interpret

fathomless

[D.J.:ˈfæ ðəmlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈfæ ðəmlɪs]

adj.

深不可测的;不可了解的

fathomless

fathomless
Something that is fathomless cannot be measured or understood because it gives the impression of being very deep, mysterious, or complicated.

- ...the fathomless space of the universe...

- The silence was fathomless and overwhelming.

ADJ

fatigue

[D.J.:fəˈti:ɡ]

[K.K.:fəˈtiɡ]

n.

疲劳, 劳累

〈军〉杂役

fatigue **

1. fatigue
Fatigue is a feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness.

- She continued to have severe stomach cramps, aches, fatigue, and depression.

- Clarke says his team could have lasted another 15 days before fatigue would have begun to take a toll.

N-UNCOUNT
= exhaustion

2. fatigue
You can say that people are suffering from a particular kind of fatigue when they have been doing something for a long time and feel they can no longer continue to do it.

- ...compassion fatigue caused by endless TV and celebrity appeals.

- ...the result of four months of battle fatigue.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, usu n N

3. fatigue fatigues
Fatigues are clothes that soldiers wear when they are fighting or when they are doing routine jobs.

- He never expected to return home wearing US combat fatigues.

N-PLURAL

4. fatigue
Fatigue in metal or wood is a weakness in it that is caused by repeated stress. Fatigue can cause the metal or wood to break.

- The problem turned out to be metal fatigue in the fuselage.

N-UNCOUNT: usu n N

fatigue

noun

1.

tiredness

heaviness

languor

lethargy

listlessness

verb

2.

tire

drain

exhaust

knacker slang

take it out of informal

weaken

wear out

weary

fatigued

adj.

疲乏的

fatigued

fatigued
If you are feeling fatigued , you are suffering from extreme physical or mental tiredness.

- Winter weather can leave you feeling fatigued and tired.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= exhausted

fatiguing

fatiguing
Something that is fatiguing makes you feel extremely physically or mentally tired.

- Jet travel is undeniably fatiguing.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= exhausting

fatten

[D.J.:ˈfætn]

[K.K.:ˈfætn..]

vt.

喂肥,养肥(牲畜)

使(钱)增多;使(公司)升值

fatten up; fatten sb/sth up

(使)长胖，长肥；(把动物)育肥

fattening

[D.J.:ˈfætnɪŋ]

adj.

(食物)要使人发胖的

fatten

1. fatten fattens fattening fattened
If an animal is fattened , or if it fattens , it becomes fatter as a result of eating more.

- The cattle are being fattened for slaughter.

- The creature continued to grow and fatten.

V-ERG

2. fatten fattens fattening fattened
If you say that someone is fattening something such as a business or its profits, you mean that they are increasing the value of the business or its profits, in a way that you disapprove of.

- They have kept the price of sugar artificially high and so fattened the company's profits.

VB disapproval

3. fatten up fattens up; fattening up; fattened up
Fatten up means the same as fatten .

- The Government is making the taxpayer pay to fatten up a public sector business for private sale.

PHR-V

fatten up

fatten up fattens up; fattening up; fattened up
To fatten up an animal or person means to make them fatter, by forcing or encouraging them to eat more food.

- They fattened up ducks and geese.

- You're too skinny -- we'll have to fatten you up.

PHR-V
See also fatten 2.

fattening

fattening
Food that is fattening is considered to make people fat easily.

- Some foods are more fattening than others.

ADJ-GRADED

fatten

verb

1.

grow fat

expand

gain weight

put on weight

spread

swell

thicken

often with up 2.

feed up

build up

feed

nourish

overfeed

stuff

fatty

[D.J.:ˈfæti:]

[K.K.:ˈfæti]

adj.

油腻的;多脂肪的

由脂肪构成的

n.

<非正>(侮辱性用语)胖子

fatty **

1. fatty fattier fattiest
Fatty food contains a lot of fat.

- Don't eat fatty food or chocolates.

- The report dispels the myth that Northerners have a fattier diet than people in the south.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. fatty
Fatty acids or fatty tissues, for example, contain or consist of fat.

- ...fatty acids...

- The woman lost about 1.8kg of fatty tissue during the week's fast.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. fatty fatties
If you call someone a fatty , you are criticizing or insulting them for being fat. (INFORMAL)

- Consuming this amount of food could turn these fit players into fatties.

- `Get another one, Fatty,' said Jerry.

N-COUNT disapproval

fatty

adjective

greasy

adipose

fat

oily

oleaginous

rich

fatuous

[D.J.:ˈfætʃu:əs]

[K.K.:ˈfætʃuəs]

adj.

愚昧的,昏庸的,蠢的

fatuously

adv.

愚昧地,昏庸地,蠢地

fatuousness

n.

愚昧,昏庸,蠢

fatuous

fatuous
If you describe a person, action, or remark as fatuous , you think that they are extremely silly, showing a lack of intelligence or thought. (FORMAL)

- The Chief was left speechless by this fatuous remark.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= idiotic

fatuous

adjective

foolish

brainless

idiotic

inane

ludicrous

mindless

moronic

silly

stupid

witless

fatwa

[D.J.:ˈfætwɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈfɑtˌwɑ]

n.

指令

fatwa

fatwa fatwas
A fatwa is a religious order issued by a Muslim leader.
N-COUNT also fatwah .

faucet

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:sɪt]

[K.K.:ˈfɔsɪt]

n.

<美>水龙头

faucet

faucet faucets
A faucet is a device that controls the flow of a liquid or gas from a pipe or container. Sinks and baths have faucets attached to them. (AM; in BRIT usually use tap )

- She turned off the faucet and dried her hands.

N-COUNT

fault

[D.J.:fɔ:lt]

[K.K.:fɔlt]

n.

缺点, 缺陷; 故障

过失, 过错

faulted

adj.

有缺点的,有毛病的

faulting

[ˈfɔ:ltiŋ]

n.

断层作用;故障

fault ***

1. fault
If a bad or undesirable situation is your fault , you caused it or are responsible for it.

- There was no escaping the fact: it was all his fault.

- A few borrowers will find themselves in trouble with their repayments through no fault of their own.

N-SING: with poss

2. fault faults
A fault is a mistake in what someone is doing or in what they have done.

- It is a big fault to think that you can learn how to manage people in business school.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= error mistake

3. fault faults
A fault in someone or something is a weakness in them or something that is not perfect.

- His manners had always made her blind to his faults.

- ...a short delay due to a minor technical fault...

- Pilots were trying to repair a fault in the plane when it crashed.

- For all its faults, the film presents a clear message.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft poss N
= failing

4. fault faults faulting faulted
If you cannot fault someone, you cannot find any reason for criticizing them or the things that they are doing.

- You can't fault them for lack of invention.

- It is hard to fault the way he runs his own operation.

VB: with brd-neg

5. fault faults
A fault is a large crack in the surface of the earth.

- ...the San Andreas Fault.

N-COUNT

6. fault faults
A fault in tennis is a service that is wrong according to the rules.
N-COUNT

7. fault
If someone or something is at fault , they are to blame or are responsible for a particular situation that has gone wrong.

- He could never accept that he had been at fault.

- There are no indications that standard security arrangements were at fault.

PHR: v-link PHR
= to blame

8. fault
If you find fault with something or someone, you look for mistakes and complain about them.

- I was disappointed whenever the cook found fault with my work.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR with n
= criticize

9. fault
If you say that someone has a particular good quality to a fault , you are emphasizing that they have more of this quality than is usual or necessary.

- Jefferson was generous to a fault.

- Others will tell you that she is modest to a fault, funny, clever and warm.

PHR: usu adj PHR emphasis

fault

noun

1.

flaw

blemish

defect

deficiency

failing

imperfection

shortcoming

weakness

weak point

2.

mistake

blunder

error

indiscretion

lapse

oversight

slip

3.

responsibility

accountability

culpability

liability

at fault

4.

guilty

answerable

blamable

culpable

in the wrong

responsible

to blame

find fault with

5.

criticize

carp at

complain

pick holes in

pull to pieces

quibble

take to task

to a fault

6.

excessively

immoderately

in the extreme

overmuch

unduly

verb

7.

criticize

blame

censure

find fault with

hold (someone) responsible

impugn

faultless

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:ltlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈfɔltlɪs]

adj.

<褒>完美(无缺)的,无懈可击的

faultlessly

adv.

faultlessness

n.

faultlessly

adv.

完美地,无缺点地

faultless *

1. faultless
Something that is faultless is perfect and has no mistakes at all.

- ...Mary Thomson's faultless and impressive performance on the show...

- Hans's English was faultless.

ADJ
= flawless

2. faultlessly

- Howard was faultlessly dressed in a dark blue suit.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

faultless

adjective

flawless

correct

exemplary

foolproof

impeccable

model

perfect

unblemished

fault line

1. fault line fault lines
A fault line is a long crack in the surface of the earth. Earthquakes usually occur along fault lines.
N-COUNT
= fault

2. fault line fault lines
A fault line in a system or process is an area of it that seems weak and likely to cause problems or failure.

- These issues have created a stark fault line within the Peace Process.

N-COUNT
= weakness

faulty

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:lti]

[K.K.:ˈfɔlti]

adj.

有错误的, 有缺点的; 出毛病的

faulty *

1. faulty
A faulty piece of equipment has something wrong with it and is not working properly.

- The money will be used to repair faulty equipment.

ADJ-GRADED
= imperfect

2. faulty
If you describe someone's argument or reasoning as faulty , you mean that it is wrong or contains mistakes, usually because they have not been thinking in a logical way.

- Their interpretation was faulty -- they had misinterpreted things.

ADJ
= flawed

faulty

adjective

defective

broken

damaged

flawed

impaired

imperfect

incorrect

malfunctioning

out of order

unsound

faun

[D.J.:fɔ:n]

[K.K.:fɔn]

n.

(罗马神话中半人半羊的)农牧神

faun

faun fauns
A faun is an imaginary creature which is like a man with goat's legs and horns.
N-COUNT

fauna

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:nə]

n.

(某一地区或某一时期的)动物群

fauna *

fauna faunas
Animals, especially the animals in a particular area, can be referred to as fauna . (TECHNICAL)

- ...the flora and fauna of the African jungle...

- Brackish waters generally support only a small range of faunas.

N-COUNT-COLL

faux pas

faux pas faux pas
A faux pas is a socially embarrassing action or mistake. (FORMAL)

- It was not long before I realised the enormity of my faux pas.

N-COUNT
= gaffe blunder

fava bean

fava bean fava beans
Fava beans are flat round beans that are light green in colour and are eaten as a vegetable. (AM; in BRIT use broad beans )
N-COUNT: usu pl

favour

[D.J.:ˈfeivə]

[K.K.:ˈfevɚ]

n.

喜爱, 宠爱; 好感; 赞同

偏袒, 偏爱

善行, 恩惠

vt.

喜爱, 偏爱

赞同

有利于, 便于

容貌像…

favoured

[ˈfeivəd]

adj.

受优惠的,有特权的

favour ****

1. favour
If you regard something or someone with favour , you like or support them.

- It remains to be seen if the show will still find favour with a 1990s audience.

- No one would look with favour on the continuing military rule.

- He has won favour with a wide range of interest groups.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) favor

2. favour favours
If you do someone a favour , you do something for them even though you do not have to.

- I've come to ask you to do me a favour.

- These are gestures of genuine friendship with no favours expected in return.

N-COUNT (AM) favor

3. favour favours
If you say that one person gives or sells their favours to another, you mean that they have sex. (FORMAL)

- In her extreme youth, Maria had sold her sexual favours for money.

N-PLURAL: usu poss N (AM) favor

4. favour favours favouring favoured
If you favour something, you prefer it to the other choices available.

- The French say they favour a transition to democracy.

- He favours bringing the UN into touch with `modern realities'.

VB (AM) favor

5. favoured

- The favoured candidate will probably emerge after private discussions.

ADJ-GRADED
= preferred

6. favour favours favouring favoured
If you favour someone, you treat them better or in a kinder way than you treat other people.

- The Government came under fire yesterday for favouring elitist arts groups in the South-east.

- Another possibility is that parents favour chicks that are strong.

VB (AM) favor

7. favoured

- Her younger brother was the favoured child, encouraged and admired by both parents.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

8. favour
If you are in favour of something, you support it and think that it is a good thing.

- I wouldn't be in favour of income tax cuts.

- Yet this is a Government which proclaims that it is all in favour of openness.

- The vote passed with 111 in favour and 25 against.

PHR: oft v-link PHR, PHR of n (AM) favor

9. favour
If someone makes a judgement in your favour , they say that you are right about something.

- If the commission rules in Mr Welch's favour the case will go to the European Court of Human Rights.

PHR: PHR after v (AM) favor

10. favour
If something is in your favour , it helps you or gives you an advantage.

- The protection that farmers have enjoyed amounts to a bias in favour of the countryside.

- Firms are trying to shift the balance of power in the labour market back in their favour.

PHR: n PHR, PHR after v, v-link PHR (AM) favor

11. favour
If one thing is rejected in favour of another, the second thing is done or chosen instead of the first.

- The policy was rejected in favour of a more cautious approach.

PHR: PHR n, usu PHR after v (AM) favor

12. favour
If someone or something is in favour , people like or support them. If they are out of favour , people no longer like or support them.
PHR: v-link PHR (AM) favor

favour

noun

1.

approval

approbation

backing

good opinion

goodwill

patronage

support

2.

good turn

benefit

boon

courtesy

indulgence

kindness

service

verb

3.

side with

indulge

reward

smile upon

4.

advocate

approve

champion

commend

encourage

incline towards

prefer

support

favourable

[ˈfeivə-rəbl]

adj.

赞许的, 赞同的

有利的, 顺利的

favourably

[D.J.:ˈfeɪvərəblɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfevərəb l..ɪ]

adv.

赞成地；称赞地(favorably)

adv.

有利地；顺利地

adv.

讨人喜欢地；印象良好地

favourable **

1. favourable
If your opinion or your reaction is favourable to something, you agree with it and approve of it.

- His recently completed chapel for Fitzwilliam is attracting favourable comment.

- In Switzerland, banks and big companies are favourable to EC membership.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n, v-link ADJ to n (AM) favorable

2. favourably

- He listened intently, and responded favourably to both my suggestions.

- He was quite favourably impressed with the new French commander.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. favourable
If something makes a favourable impression on you or is favourable to you, you like it and approve of it.

- His ability to talk tough while eating fast made a favourable impression on his dining companions.

- These terms were favourable to India.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n (AM) favorable
= positive good

4. favourable
Favourable conditions make something more likely to succeed or seem more attractive.

- It's believed the conditions in which the elections are being held are too favourable to the government.

- ...favourable weather conditions.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n/-ing (AM) favorable
= good

5. favourably

- Japan is thus favourably placed to maintain its lead as the most successful manufacturing nation.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed, ADV after v

6. favourable
If you make a favourable comparison between two things, you say that the first is better than or as good as the second.

- The film bears favourable technical comparison with Hollywood productions costing 10 times as much.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n (AM) favorable

7. favourably

- Britain's overall road safety record compares favourably with that of other European countries.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v, also ADV -ed

favourable

adjective

1.

advantageous

auspicious

beneficial

encouraging

helpful

opportune

promising

propitious

suitable

2.

positive

affirmative

agreeable

approving

encouraging

enthusiastic

reassuring

sympathetic

favourably

adverb

1.

advantageously

auspiciously

conveniently

fortunately

opportunely

profitably

to one's advantage

well

2.

positively

approvingly

enthusiastically

helpfully

with approval

favourite

[ˈfeivərit]

adj.

特别受喜爱的

n.

特别喜爱的人(或物)

竞赛中被认为会获胜的马、竞争者等

favourite ****

1. favourite
Your favourite thing or person of a particular type is the one you like most.

- He celebrated by opening a bottle of his favourite champagne.

- Her favourite writer is Hans Christian Andersen.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) favorite

2. favourite favourites
If you refer to something as an old favourite , you mean that it has been in existence for a long time and everyone knows it or likes it.

- The Liverpool Metropole is my favourite. I love those huge, anonymous hotels.

- Everyone must be familiar with the old favourite among roses, Crystal Palace.

PHR (AM) favorite

3. favourite favourites
If you describe one person as the favourite of another, you mean that the second person likes the first person a lot and treats them with special kindness.

- ...Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset, a favourite of King James I...

- The Prime Minister is no favourite of the tabloids.

N-COUNT: usu with poss (AM) favorite

4. favourite favourites
The favourite in a race or contest is the competitor that is expected to win. In a team game, the team that is expected to win is referred to as the favourites .

- The Belgian Cup has been won by the favourites F.C. Liege.

N-COUNT: usu the N (AM) favorite

favourite

adjective

1.

preferred

best-loved

choice

dearest

esteemed

favoured

noun

2.

darling

beloved

blue-eyed boy informal

idol

pet

teacher's pet

the apple of one's eye

favouritism

[D.J.:ˈfeɪvərɪtɪzəm ]

n.

<贬>偏爱;偏袒

favouritism

favouritism
If you accuse someone of favouritism , you disapprove of them because they unfairly help or favour one person or group much more than another.

- Maria loved both the children. There was never a hint of favouritism.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) favoritism disapproval
= bias

fawn

[D.J.:fɔ:n]

[K.K.:fɔn]

n.

(未满一岁的)幼鹿

浅黄褐色

adj.

浅黄褐色的

vt.

(尤指狗等)跳过来往人身上蹭以示亲热

巴结,奉承,讨好

fawner

n.

乞怜者;奉承者

fawning

adj.

乞怜的,奉承的

fawner

摇尾乞怜者;奉承者

fawning

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:nɪŋ]

adj.

奉承的

fawn *

1. fawn fawns
Fawn is a pale yellowish-brown colour.

- Tania was standing there in her light fawn coat.

COLOUR

2. fawn fawns
A fawn is a very young deer.

- The fawn ran to the top of the ridge.

N-COUNT

3. fawn fawns fawning fawned
If you say that someone fawns over a powerful or rich person, you disapprove of them because they flatter that person and like to be with him or her.

- People fawn over you when you're famous.

- Nauseatingly fawning journalism that's all it is.

VB disapproval

fawn

verb

often with on {or} upon

curry favour

crawl

creep

cringe

dance attendance

flatter

grovel

ingratiate oneself

kowtow

pander to

fawn

adjective

beige

buff

greyish-brown

neutral

fawning

adjective

obsequious

crawling

cringing

deferential

flattering

grovelling

servile

sycophantic

fax

[D.J.:fæks]

[K.K.:fæks]

vt.

传真传输

n.

传真机

传真文件

faxes

n.

传真

fax **

1. fax faxes
A fax or a fax machine is a piece of equipment used to copy documents by sending information electronically along a telephone line, and to receive copies that are sent in this way.

- ...a modern reception desk with telephone and fax...

- These days, cartoonists send in their work by fax.

N-COUNT: also by N
= facsimile

2. fax faxes faxing faxed
If you fax a document to someone, you send it from one fax machine to another.

- I faxed a copy of the agreement to each of the investors.

- Did you fax him a reply?.

- Pop it in the post, or get your secretary to fax it.

- I faxed 10 hotels in the area to check room size.

VB

3. fax faxes
You can refer to a copy of a document that is transmitted by a fax machine as a fax .

- I sent him a long fax, saying I didn't need a maid.

- ...a 2,000 word fax message.

N-COUNT
= facsimile

faze

[D.J.:feiz]

[K.K.:fez]

vt.

打扰; 使担忧; 烦扰

faze

faze fazes fazed
If something fazes you, it surprises, shocks, or frightens you, so that you do not know what to do. (INFORMAL)

- Big concert halls do not faze Melanie.

- He wasn't a bit fazed by the fact that I was gay.

VB: no cont, oft with brd-neg

FBI

abbr.

the Federal Bureau of Investigation(美国)联邦调查局

FBI **

FBI
The FBI is a government agency in the United States that investigates crimes in which a national law is broken or in which the country's security is threatened. FBI is an abbreviation for `Federal Bureau of Investigation'.
N-PROPER: the N

fealty

[D.J.:ˈfi:əlti:]

[K.K.:ˈfiəlti]

n.

忠诚

fealty

fealty
In former times, if someone swore fealty to their ruler, they promised to be loyal to him or her.
N-UNCOUNT
= allegiance

fear

[D.J.:fiə]

[K.K.:fɪr]

n.

害怕, 恐惧

可能性

vt.

畏惧, 害怕, 担心

vi.

害怕, 忧虑

fear *****

1. fear fears
Fear is the unpleasant feeling you have when you think that you are in danger.

- I was sitting on the floor shivering with fear because a bullet had been fired through a window.

- ...boyhood memories of sickness and fear of the dark...

- London Zoo is running hypnosis programmes to help people overcome their fear of spiders.

N-VAR: oft N of n/-ing
= terror dread

2. fear fears fearing feared
If you fear someone or something, you are frightened because you think that they will harm you.

- It seems to me that if people fear you they respect you.

VB
= be afraid of

3. fear fears
A fear is a thought that something unpleasant might happen or might have happened.

- These youngsters are motivated not by a desire to achieve, but by fear of failure.

- Then one day his worst fears were confirmed.

- His fears might be groundless.

- ...the fear that once a war began it would soon pass beyond the ability of either side to manage it.

N-VAR: with supp, oft N of n/-ing, N that

4. fear fears fearing feared
If you fear something unpleasant or undesirable, you are worried that it might happen or might have happened.

- She had feared she was going down with pneumonia or bronchitis.

- More than two million refugees have fled the area, fearing attack by loyalist forces.

VB

5. fear fears
If you say that there is a fear that something unpleasant or undesirable will happen, you mean that you think it is possible or likely.

- There was no fear that anything would be misunderstood.

- There is a fear that the freeze on bank accounts could prove a lasting deterrent to investors.

N-VAR: oft N that, N of n/-ing
= risk chance

6. fear fears fearing feared
If you fear for someone or something, you are very worried because you think that they might be in danger.

- Carla fears for her son.

- He fled on Friday, saying he feared for his life.

VB

7. fear fears
If you have fears for someone or something, you are very worried because you think that they might be in danger.

- He also spoke of his fears for the future of his country's culture.

- ...fear for her own safety.

N-VAR: N for n

8. fear fears fearing feared
If you fear to do something, you are afraid to do it or you do not wish to do it.

- She pursed her lips together, as though fearing to betray her news.

- Old people fear to leave their homes.

VB
= be afraid

9. fear fears fearing feared
You say that you fear that a situation is the case when the situation is unpleasant or undesirable, and when you want to express sympathy, sorrow, or regret about it. (FORMAL)

- I fear that a land war now looks very probable.

- `Is anything left at all?' --- `I fear not.'

VB
= regret

10. fear
If you are in fear of doing or experiencing something unpleasant or undesirable, you are very worried that you might have to do it or experience it.

- The elderly live in fear of assault and murder.

PHR: PHR n/-ing, usu v-link PHR, PHR after v

11. fear
If you take a particular course of action for fear of something, you take the action in order to prevent that thing happening.

- She was afraid to say anything to them for fear of hurting their feelings.

- No one dared shoot for fear of hitting Pete.

PHR: PHR n/-ing, PHR with cl

12. fear
You say ` fear not ' or ` never fear ' to someone when you are telling them not to worry or be frightened. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Fear not, Darlene will protect me.

- You'll get the right training, never fear.

PHR: usu PHR with cl
= don't worry

13. fear
You use ` no fear ' to emphasize that you do not want to do something. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- When I asked him if he wanted to change his mind, William said `No fear.'

CONVENTION emphasis
= not likely

14. fear
If someone or something puts the fear of God into you, they frighten or worry you, often deliberately.

- At some time or other Eve had obviously put the fear of God into her.

PHR: V inflects

fear

noun

1.

alarm

apprehensiveness

dread

fright

horror

panic

terror

trepidation

2.

bugbear

bête noire

bogey

horror

nightmare

spectre

verb

3.

be afraid

dread

shake in one's shoes

shudder at

take fright

tremble at

fear for

4.

worry about

be anxious about

feel concern for

fearful

[D.J.:ˈfiəful]

[K.K.:ˈfɪrfəl]

adj.

惧怕的, 担心的

可怕的, 吓人的

〈口〉极端的

fearfully

[D.J.:ˈfɪəfəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfɪrfəlɪ]

adv.

可怕地

害怕地,担心地

<口>非常;极为

fearful **

1. fearful
If you are fearful of something, you are afraid of it. (FORMAL)

- Bankers were fearful of a world banking crisis.

- I had often been very fearful, very angry, and very isolated.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ of n, ADJ that

2. fearfully

- `What are you going to do to me?' Alex asked fearfully.

ADV: usu ADV after v, also ADV with cl

3. fearful
You use fearful to emphasize how serious or bad a situation is. (FORMAL)

- The region is in a fearful recession.

- ...the fearful consequences which might flow from unilateral military moves.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n emphasis
= terrible

4. fearful
Fearful is used to emphasize that something is very bad. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- You gave me a fearful shock!.

- `It sounds the most fearful hard work,' Sybil said later.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n emphasis

5. fearfully

- This is fearfully expensive compared with the last one I bought.

ADV: ADV adj

fearful

adjective

1.

scared

afraid

alarmed

frightened

jumpy

nervous

timid

timorous

uneasy

2.

frightful

awful

dire

dreadful

gruesome

hair-raising

horrendous

horrific

terrible

fearfully

adverb

1.

nervously

apprehensively

diffidently

timidly

timorously

uneasily

2.

very

awfully

exceedingly

excessively

frightfully

terribly

tremendously

fearless

[D.J.:ˈfɪəlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈfɪrlɪs]

adj.

无畏的, 大胆的, 不怕的

fearlessly

[D.J.:ˈfɪəlɪslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfɪrlɪslɪ]

adv.

无畏地;大胆地

fearless *

1. fearless
If you say that someone is fearless , you mean that they are not afraid at all, and you admire them for this.

- ...his fearless campaigning for racial justice.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= intrepid

2. fearlessly

- ...an honest and fearlessly outspoken politician.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v

fearless

adjective

brave

bold

courageous

dauntless

indomitable

intrepid

plucky

unafraid

undaunted

valiant

fearsome

[D.J.:ˈfɪəsəm]

adj.

<正>很可怕的;十分吓人的

fearsome *

fearsome
Fearsome is used to describe things that are frightening, for example because of their large size or extreme nature.

- He had developed a fearsome reputation for intimidating people.

- ...a fearsome array of weapons.

ADJ-GRADED
= formidable

fearsome

adjective

terrifying

awe-inspiring

daunting

formidable

frightening

horrifying

menacing

unnerving

feasibility

[D.J.:ˌfi:zəˈbɪlətɪ]

[K.K.:ˌfizəˈbɪlətɪ]

n.

可行性

feasible

[D.J.:ˈfi:zəbl]

[K.K.:ˈfizəbəl]

adj.

可行的, 可能且合理的

feasible *

1. feasible
If something is feasible , it can be done, made, or achieved.

- She questioned whether it was feasible to stimulate investment in these regions.

- That may be fine for the US, but it's not feasible for a mass European market.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf
= practicable

2. feasibility

- The committee will study the feasibility of setting up a national computer network.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

feasible

adjective

possible

achievable

attainable

likely

practicable

reasonable

viable

workable

feast

[D.J.:fi:st]

[K.K.:fist]

n.

盛会, 宴会

宗教节日

vi.

大吃大喝, 享用美食

vt.

款待(某人), 宴请(某人)

feast **

1. feast feasts
A feast is a large and special meal.

- Lunch was a feast of meat and vegetables, cheese, yoghurt and fruit, with unlimited wine.

- The fruit was often served at wedding feasts.

- On the following day a feast was given in King John's honour.

N-COUNT
= banquet

2. feast feasts feasting feasted
If you feast on a particular food, you eat a large amount of it with great enjoyment.

- They feasted well into the afternoon on mutton and corn stew.

- Starving dogs feasted on the human corpses.

VB

3. feast feasts feasting feasted
If you feast , you take part in a feast.

- Only a few feet away, their captors feasted in the castle's banqueting hall.

VB

4. feasting

- The feasting, drinking, dancing and revelry continued for several days.

N-UNCOUNT

5. feast
You can refer to a large number of good, interesting, or enjoyable things as a feast of things.

- This new series promises a feast of special effects and set designs.

- Chicago provides a feast for the ears of any music lover.

N-SING: with supp, usu N of n
= cornucopia

6. feast feasts
A feast is a day or time of the year when a special religious celebration takes place.

- The Jewish feast of Passover began last night.

- At Christmas the visitors began their circuit of dropping in on the eve of the feast day.

N-COUNT
= festival

7. feast
If you feast your eyes on something , you look at it for a long time with great attention because you find it very attractive.

- She stood feasting her eyes on the view.

PHR: V inflects

feast

noun

1.

banquet

dinner

repast

spread informal

treat

2.

festival

celebration

fête

holiday

holy day

red-letter day

saint's day

3.

treat

delight

enjoyment

gratification

pleasure

verb

4.

eat one's fill

gorge

gormandize

indulge

overindulge

pig out slang

wine and dine

feat

[D.J.:fi:t]

[K.K.:fit]

n.

功绩, 伟业; 技艺

feat **

feat feats
If you refer to an action, or the result of an action, as a feat , you admire it because it is an impressive and difficult achievement.

- A racing car is an extraordinary feat of engineering.

N-COUNT approval
= accomplishment

no mean feat ...see mean .

feat

noun

accomplishment

achievement

act

attainment

deed

exploit

performance

feather

[D.J.:ˈfeðə]

[K.K.:ˈfɛðɚ]

n.

羽毛

feathers

羽状裂缝

feather **

1. feather feathers
A bird's feathers are the soft covering on its body. Each feather consists of a lot of smooth hairs on each side of a thin stiff centre.

- ...a hat that she had made herself from black ostrich feathers.

- ...a feather bed.

N-COUNT
See also feathered .

2. feather
If you describe two people as birds of a feather , you mean that they have very similar characteristics, interests, or beliefs.

- She and my mother were birds of a feather.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

3. feather
If you describe something that someone has achieved as a feather in their cap , you mean that they can be proud of it or that it might bring them some advantage.

- Harry's appointment to this important post was a feather in his cap.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

feathers

plural noun

plumage

down

plumes

feather duster

feather duster feather dusters
A feather duster is a stick with a bunch of real or artificial feathers attached to one end. It is used for dusting and cleaning things.
N-COUNT

feathered

[D.J.:ˈfeðəd]

[K.K.:ˈfɛðəd]

adj.

有羽毛的,像鸟般飞得快的

feathered *

1. feathered
If you describe something as feathered , you mean that it has feathers on it.

- Her mother was the proud lady in the feathered hat.

ADJ

2. feathered
Birds are sometimes referred to as our feathered friends .
PHR

featherweight

[D.J.:ˈfeðəweit]

[K.K.:ˈfɛðɚˌwet]

n.

羽量级拳击运动员

微不足道的人或物

featherweight *

featherweight featherweights
A featherweight is a professional boxer who weighs between 53.5 and 57 kilograms, which is one of the lowest weight ranges.
N-COUNT

feathery

[D.J.:ˈfeðəri]

[K.K.:ˈfɛðəri]

adj.

生有羽毛的,柔软如羽毛的

feathery

1. feathery
If something is feathery , it has an edge divided into a lot of thin parts so that it looks soft.

- The foliage was soft and feathery.

ADJ-GRADED

2. feathery
Feathery is used to describe things that are soft and light.

- ...flurries of small, feathery flakes of snow.

ADJ-GRADED

feature

[D.J.:ˈfi:tʃə]

[K.K.:ˈfitʃɚ]

n.

特征, 特色

面貌, 相貌

特写, 专题节目

(电影的)正片, 故事片

featured

[D.J.:ˈfi:tʃəd]

[K.K.:ˈfitʃəd]

adj.

有…的面貌特征的,作为号召物的

features

容貌

feature ****

1. feature features
A feature of something is an interesting or important part or characteristic of it.

- Patriotic songs have long been a feature of Kuwaiti life.

- The spacious gardens are a special feature of this property.

- Perhaps the most unusual feature in the room is an extraordinary pair of candles.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

2. feature features
Your features are your eyes, nose, mouth, and other parts of your face.

- His features seemed to change.

- Her features were strongly defined.

N-PLURAL: usu poss N

3. feature features featuring featured
When something such as a film or exhibition features a particular person or thing, they are an important part of it.

- It's a great movie and it features a Spanish actor who is going to be a world star within a year.

- The hour-long programme will be updated each week and feature highlights from recent games.

- This spectacular event, now in its 5th year, features a stunning catwalk show.

VB
= include

4. feature features featuring featured
If someone or something features in something such as a show, exhibition, or magazine, they are an important part of it.

- Jon featured in one of the show's most thrilling episodes.

VB

5. feature features
A feature is a special article in a newspaper or magazine, or a special programme on radio or television.

- We are delighted to see the Sunday Times running a long feature on breast cancer.

- ...a special feature on the fund-raising project.

N-COUNT: oft N on n

6. feature features
A feature or a feature film or movie is a full-length film about a fictional situation, as opposed to a short film or a documentary.

- ...the first feature-length cartoon, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.

N-COUNT: usu N n

7. feature features
A geographical feature is something noticeable in a particular area of country, for example a hill, river, or valley.
N-COUNT

feature

noun

1.

aspect

characteristic

facet

factor

hallmark

peculiarity

property

quality

trait

2.

highlight

attraction

main item

speciality

3.

article

column

item

piece

report

story

verb

4.

spotlight

emphasize

foreground

give prominence to

play up

present

star

features

plural noun

face

countenance

lineaments

physiognomy

featureless

[D.J.:ˈfi:tʃəlis]

[K.K.:ˈfitʃəlɪs]

adj.

无特色的,平凡的

featureless

featureless
If you say that something is featureless , you mean that it has no interesting features or characteristics.

- Malone looked out at the grey-green featureless landscape.

ADJ-GRADED
= nondescript

Feb

n.

二月

Feb.

abbr.

February 二月

Feb.

abbr.

February 二月

Feb. **

Feb.
Feb. is a written abbreviation for February .

febrile

[D.J.:ˈfebrəl, ˈfi:brəl]

[K.K.:ˈfɛbrəl, ˈfibrəl]

adj.

发热的

febrile

febrile
Febrile behaviour is intensely and nervously active. (LITERARY)

- The news plunged the nation into a febrile, agitated state.

ADJ-GRADED
= feverish

February

[D.J.:ˈfebruəri]

[K.K.:ˈfɛbruˌɛri, ˈfɛbju-]

n.

二月

February *****

February Februaries
February is the second month of the year in the Western calendar.

- He joined the Army in February 1943.

- His exhibition opens on 5 February.

- Last February the tribunal agreed he had been the victim of racial discrimination.

N-VAR

feckless

[D.J.:ˈfeklɪs]

[K.K.:ˈfɛklɪs]

adj.

没有价值的;没有长远目标的;不负责任的

fecklessly

adv.

没有价值地;没有长远目标地;不负责任地

fecklessness

n.

没有价值;没有长远目标;不负责任

feckless

feckless
If you describe someone as feckless , you mean that they lack determination or strength, and are unable to do anything properly. (FORMAL)

- He regarded the young man as feckless and irresponsible.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= incompetent

feckless

adjective

irresponsible

good-for-nothing

hopeless

incompetent

ineffectual

shiftless

worthless

fecund

[D.J.:ˈfi:kənd, ˈfekənd]

[K.K.:ˈfikənd, ˈfɛkənd]

adj.

多产的,生殖力旺盛的;; 富饶的; 肥沃的; 创造力旺盛的

fecundity

[D.J.:fɪˈkʌndətɪ]

[K.K.:fɪˈkʌndətɪ]

n.

多产；富饶；肥沃

<动>产卵力；生殖力；<植>结实性

fecund

1. fecund
When you are talking about living things or natural processes, fecund means the same as fertile . (FORMAL)

- The pampas are still among the most fecund lands in the world.

- Large animals are less fecund than small ones.

ADJ-GRADED
= fertile

2. fecundity

- ...an island famous for the profusion and fecundity of its bird life.

N-UNCOUNT

3. fecund
If you describe something as fecund , you approve of it because it produces a lot of good or useful things. (FORMAL)

- It has now become clear how extraordinarily fecund a decade was the 1890s.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= productive

4. fecundity

- ...the extraordinary fecundity and vitality of the city.

N-UNCOUNT

fed

[D.J.:fed]

[K.K.:fɛd]

n.

(F-)<美,非正>(美国)联邦政府执法官员;(尤指)联邦调查局调查员

feed的过去式和过去分词

fed.

adj.

联合的,同盟的

feed

[D.J.:fi:d]

[K.K.:fid]

vt.

喂养, 为…提供食物

向…提供

vi.

吃, 以…为食

feeding

[ˈfi:diŋ]

n.

给食,喂,饲养,吃,输送

adj.

给食的,饲用的,逐渐强烈的,供给饲料的,摄取食物的

fed

1. fed
Fed is the past tense and past participle of feed . See also fed up .

2. fed feds
The feds are federal agents, for example of the American security agency, the FBI, or of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl

feed ****

1. feed feeds feeding fed
If you feed a person or animal, you give them food to eat and sometimes actually put it in their mouths.

- We brought along pieces of old bread and fed the birds.

- She fed him a cookie.

- He fed me on barbecue ribs, and talked to me non-stop.

- He spooned the ice cream into a cup and fed it to her.

VB

2. feed feeds
Also a noun. (mainly BRIT)

- She's had a good feed.

N-COUNT

3. feeding feedings

- The feeding of dairy cows has undergone a revolution.

N-VAR

4. feed feeds feeding fed
To feed a family or a community means to supply food for them.

- Feeding a hungry family can be expensive .

- ...a food reserve large enough to feed the Sudanese population for many months.

VB

5. feed feeds feeding fed
When an animal feeds , it eats or drinks something.

- After a few days the caterpillars stopped feeding.

- Slugs feed on decaying plant and animal material.

VB

6. feed feeds feeding fed
When a baby feeds , or when you feed it, it drinks breast milk or milk from a bottle.

- When a baby is thirsty, it feeds more often.

- I knew absolutely nothing about handling or feeding a baby.

V-ERG

7. feed feeds
Animal feed is food given to animals, especially farm animals.

- The grain just rotted and all they could use it for was animal feed.

- ...poultry feed.

N-MASS: usu n N

8. feed feeds feeding fed
To feed something to a place, means to supply it to that place in a steady flow.

- ...blood vessels that feed blood to the brain.

- ...gas fed through pipelines.

VB

9. feed feeds feeding fed
If you feed something into a container or piece of equipment, you put it into it.

- He took the compact disc from her, then fed it into the player.

- She was feeding documents into a paper shredder.

VB

10. feed feeds feeding fed
If someone feeds you false or secret information, they deliberately tell it to you.

- He was surrounded by people who fed him ghastly lies.

- At least one British officer was feeding him with classified information.

VB

11. feed feeds feeding fed
If you feed someone's dislike or desire for something, you make it stronger.

- The divorce was painfully public, feeding her dislike of the press.

VB

12. feed feeds feeding fed
If you feed a plant, you add substances to it to make it grow well.

- Feed plants to encourage steady growth.

VB

13. feed feeds feeding fed
If one thing feeds on another, it becomes stronger as a result of the other thing's existence.

- The drinking and the guilt fed on each other.

VB

14. feed feeds feeding fed
To feed information into a computer means to gradually put it into it.

- An automatic weather station feeds information on wind direction to the computer.

VB

feed

verb

1.

cater for

nourish

provide for

provision

supply

sustain

victual

wine and dine

sometimes with on 2.

eat

devour

exist on

live on

partake of

noun

3.

food

fodder

pasturage

provender

4.

meal

feast

nosh slang

repast

spread informal

federal

[D.J.:ˈfedərəl]

[K.K.:ˈfɛdərəl, ˈfɛdrəl]

adj.

联邦(制)的

联邦政府的

federally

adv.

同盟地,联邦地,联邦政府地,在联邦政府一级

federal ****

1. federal
A federal country or system of government is one in which the different states or provinces of the country have important powers to make their own laws and decisions.

- Five of the six provinces are to become autonomous regions in a new federal system of government.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

2. federal
Some people use federal to describe a system of government which they disapprove of, in which the different states or provinces are controlled by a strong central government.

- He does not believe in a federal Europe with centralising powers.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n disapproval

3. federal
Federal also means belonging or relating to the national government of a federal country rather than to one of the states within it.

- The federal government controls just 6% of the education budget.

- ...a federal judge.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. federally

- ...residents of public housing and federally subsidized apartments.

ADV: ADV -ed

5. federal federals
Federals are the same as feds .
N-COUNT

federalism

[D.J.:ˈfedərəliz(ə)m]

[K.K.:ˈfɛdərəˌlɪzəm, ˈfɛdrə-]

n.

联邦政治,联邦制度

federalism *

federalism
Federalism is belief in or support for a federal system of government, or this system itself.

- They argue that the amendment undermines Canadian federalism.

N-UNCOUNT

federalist

[D.J.:ˈfedərəlɪst, ˈfedrə-]

[K.K.:ˈfɛdərəlɪst, ˈfɛdrə-]

联邦制拥护者;北部联邦同盟盟员

federalist *

1. federalist
Someone or something that is federalist believes in, supports, or follows a federal system of government.

- ...the federalist idea of Europe.

ADJ

2. federalist federalists
Also a noun.

- Many Quebeckers are federalists.

N-COUNT

federated *

federated
Federated states or societies are ones that have joined together for a common purpose.

- Whether to stay in the federated state or become independent is a decision that has to be made by the people.

ADJ: ADJ n, v-link ADJ to n

federation

[D.J.:ˌfedəˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌfɛdəˈreʃən]

n.

联邦

同盟, 联盟

联合会

federation ***

1. federation federations
A federation is a federal country.

- ...the Russian Federation.

N-COUNT

2. federation federations
A federation is a group of societies or other organizations which have joined together, usually because they share a common interest.

- ...the British Athletic Federation...

- The organization emerged from a federation of six national agencies.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft in names

federation

noun

union

alliance

amalgamation

association

coalition

combination

league

syndicate

fedora

[D.J.:fiˈdɔ:rə]

[K.K.:fɪˈdɔrə, -ˈdorə]

n.

一种浅顶软呢帽

fedora

fedora fedoras
A fedora is a type of hat which has a brim and is made from a soft material such as velvet.
N-COUNT

fed up **

fed up
If you are fed up , you are unhappy, bored, or tired of something, especially something that you have been experiencing for a long time. (INFORMAL)

- I am fed up with reading how women should dress to please men.

- He had become fed up with city life.

- I'm just fed up and I don't know what to do.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with/of n/-ing
= cheesed off

feed up ****

feed up feeds up; feeding up; fed up
If you feed someone up , you encourage them to eat extra food so that they put on weight. (BRIT; in AM use fatten up )

- She is too thin. Feed her up a bit.

PHR-V

fed up

adjective

dissatisfied

bored

brassed off Brit. slang

depressed

discontented

down in the mouth

glum

sick and tired informal

tired

fee

[D.J.:fi:]

[K.K.:fi]

n.

费, 酬金

fee ****

1. fee fees
A fee is a sum of money that you pay to be allowed to do something.

- He hadn't paid his television licence fee.

N-COUNT

2. fee fees
A fee is the amount of money that a person or organization is paid for a particular job or service that they provide.

- Find out how much your surveyor's and solicitor's fees will be.

N-COUNT

fee

noun

charge

bill

payment

remuneration

toll

feeble

[D.J.:ˈfi:bl]

[K.K.:ˈfibəl]

adj.

虚弱的, 衰弱的, 无力的

feebly

[D.J.:ˈfi:blɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfiblɪ]

adv.

衰弱地;无力地

feeble *

1. feeble feebler feeblest
If you describe someone or something as feeble , you mean that they are weak.

- He told them he was old and feeble and was not able to walk so far.

- The feeble light of a tin lamp.

ADJ-GRADED

2. feebly

- His left hand moved feebly at his side.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. feeble feebler feeblest
If you describe someone as feeble , you are criticizing them because they are afraid of taking strong action or seem to make no effort.

- He said that the Government had been feeble.

- ...some rather feeble traditionalists.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= ineffectual

4. feeble feebler feeblest
If you describe something that someone says as feeble , you mean that it is not very good or convincing.

- This is a particularly feeble argument.

ADJ-GRADED
= pathetic

5. feebly

- I said `Sorry', very feebly, feeling rather embarrassed.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= weakly

feeble

adjective

1.

weak

debilitated

doddering

effete

frail

infirm

puny

sickly

weedy informal

2.

unconvincing

flimsy

inadequate

insufficient

lame

paltry

pathetic

poor

tame

thin

feedback

[D.J.:ˈfi:dbæk]

[K.K.:ˈfidˌbæk]

n.

反馈, 反馈信息

feedback **

1. feedback
If you get feedback on your work or progress, someone tells you how well or badly you are doing, and how you could improve. If you get good feedback you have worked or performed well.

- Continue to ask for feedback on your work.

- I was getting great feedback from my boss.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N prep

2. feedback
Feedback is the unpleasant high-pitched sound produced by a piece of electrical equipment when part of the signal that comes out goes back into it.
N-UNCOUNT

feeder

[D.J.:ˈfi:də]

[K.K.:ˈfidɚ]

n.

进食的人〔动物〕 ；吸收养料的植物

feeder **

1. feeder
A feeder road, railway, or river is a smaller one that leads to a more important one.

- ...the feeder road leading to the airport.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. feeder feeders
Feeder airline and railway services connect major routes and local destinations.

- ...a feeder to British Airways's transatlantic destinations.

N-COUNT: usu N n

3. feeder feeders
A feeder school or team provides students or players for a larger or more important one.

- ...children coming up from two infant feeder schools.

N-COUNT: oft N n

4. feeder feeders
A feeder is a container that you fill with food for birds or animals.
N-COUNT: oft n N

feeding bottle

feeding bottle feeding bottles
A feeding bottle is a plastic bottle with a special rubber top through which a baby can suck milk or other liquids. (mainly BRIT; in AM use nursing bottle )
N-COUNT also feeding-bottle .

feeding ground

feeding ground feeding grounds
The feeding ground of a group of animals or birds, is the place where they find food and eat.

- The mud is a feeding ground for large numbers of birds.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

feel

[D.J.:fi:l]

[K.K.:fil]

vt.

触, 摸

vt. & vi. & link v.

由触摸而得知[感觉到]

觉得, 认为

n.

感觉, 手感

触, 摸

直觉

feeling

[D.J.:ˈfi:liŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfilɪŋ]

n.

知觉

感觉, 感触

态度, 看法

同情, 体谅

激情

感情, 情绪

felt

[D.J.:felt]

[K.K.:fɛlt]

n.

毛毡

feel *****

1. feel feels feeling felt
If you feel a particular emotion or physical sensation, you experience it.

- I am feeling very depressed.

- I will always feel grateful to that little guy.

- I remember feeling sick.

- ...soldiers who once felt proud to wear their uniforms...

- Suddenly I felt a sharp pain in my shoulder.

- You won't feel a thing.

- I felt as if all my strength had gone.

- I felt like I was being kicked in the teeth every day.

V-LINK

2. feel feels felt
If you talk about how an experience or event feels , you talk about the emotions and sensations connected with it.

- It feels good to have finished a piece of work.

- The speed at which everything moved felt strange.

- Within five minutes of arriving back from holiday, it feels as if I've never been away.

- It felt like I'd had two babies instead of one.

- Preparing for that first trial felt like learning the rules of a new game.

V-LINK: no cont

3. feel feels felt
If you talk about how an object feels , you talk about the physical quality that you notice when you touch or hold it. For example, if something feels soft, you notice that it is soft when you touch it.

- The metal felt smooth and cold.

- The ten-foot oars felt heavy and awkward.

- When the clay feels like putty, it is ready to use.

V-LINK: no cont

4. feel
Also a noun.

- He remembered the feel of her skin.

- Linen raincoats have a crisp, papery feel.

N-SING: usu with supp

5. feel feels felt
If you talk about how the weather feels , you describe the weather, especially the temperature or whether or not you think it is going to rain or snow.

- It felt wintry cold that day.

V-LINK: no cont

6. feel feels feeling felt
If you feel an object, you touch it deliberately with your hand, so that you learn what it is like, for example what shape it is or whether it is rough or smooth.

- The doctor felt his head.

- When dry, feel the surface and it will no longer be smooth.

- Feel how soft the skin is in the small of the back.

- Her eyes squeezed shut , she felt inside the tin, expecting it to be bare.

VB

7. feel feels felt
If you can feel something, you are aware of it because it is touching you.

- Through several layers of clothes I could feel his muscles.

- He felt her leg against his.

VB: no cont
= sense

8. feel feels feeling felt
If you feel something happening, you become aware of it because of the effect it has on your body.

- She felt something being pressed into her hands.

- He felt something move beside him.

- She felt herself lifted from her feet.

- Tremors were felt 250 miles away.

VB
= sense

9. feel feels feeling felt
If you feel yourself doing something or being in a particular state, you are aware that something is happening to you which you are unable to control.

- I felt myself blush.

- If at any point you feel yourself becoming tense, make a conscious effort to relax.

- I actually felt my heart quicken.

VB
= sense

10. feel feels felt
If you feel the presence of someone or something, you become aware of them, even though you cannot see or hear them.

- He felt her eyes on him.

- Suddenly, I felt a presence behind me.

- I could feel that a man was watching me very intensely.

- He almost felt her wincing at the other end of the telephone.

VB: no cont
= sense

11. feel feels felt
If you feel that something is the case, you have a strong idea in your mind that it is the case.

- I feel that not enough is being done to protect the local animal life.

- I feel certain that it will all turn out well.

- She felt herself to be part of a large business empire.

- I never felt myself a real child of the sixties.

VB: no cont
= think

12. feel feels felt
If you feel that you should do something, you think that you should do it.

- I feel I should resign.

- He felt that he had to do it.

- You need not feel obliged to contribute.

- They felt under no obligation to maintain their employees.

VB: no cont

13. feel feels felt
If you talk about how you feel about something, you talk about your opinion, attitude, or reaction to it.

- We'd like to know what you feel about abortion.

- How do you feel about going back to the neighborhood?.

- She feels guilty about spending less time lately with her two kids.

- He feels deep regret about his friend's death.

VB: no cont

14. feel feels feeling felt
If you feel like doing something or having something, you want to do it or have it because you are in the right mood for it and think you would enjoy it.

- Neither of them felt like going back to sleep.

- Could we take a walk? I feel like a little exercise.

VB

15. feel feels feeling felt
If you feel the effect or result of something, you experience it.

- The charity is still feeling the effects of revelations about its one-time president.

- The real impact will be felt in the developing world.

VB
= notice

16. feel
If you get the feel of something, for example a place or a new activity, you become familiar with it.

- The room has a warm, cosy feel.

- ...a book that takes on the feel of an epic.

- He wanted to get the feel of the place.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

feeling ****

1. feeling feelings
A feeling is an emotion, such as anger or happiness.

- It gave me a feeling of satisfaction.

- Strong feelings of pride welled up in me.

- I think our main feeling would be of an immense gratitude.

- He was unable to contain his own destructive feelings.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

2. feeling feelings
Your feelings about something are the things that you think and feel about it, or your attitude towards it.

- She has strong feelings about the alleged growth in violence against female officers.

- I have also begun to reassess my own feelings about being a woman.

- I think that sums up the feelings of most discerning and intelligent Indians.

- He made no real secret of his feelings to his friends.

N-PLURAL: with supp, oft with poss, oft N about n/-ing
= opinions

3. feeling feelings
When you refer to someone's feelings , you are talking about the things that might embarrass, offend, or upset them. For example, if you hurt someone's feelings , you upset them by something that you say or do.

- He was afraid of hurting my feelings.

- He has no respect, no regard for anyone's feelings.

- What about my feelings?

N-PLURAL: usu poss N

4. feeling
Feeling is a way of thinking and reacting to things which is emotional and not planned rather than logical and practical.

- He was prompted to a rare outburst of feeling.

- ...a voice that trembles with feeling.

N-UNCOUNT
= emotion

5. feeling
Feeling for someone is love, affection, sympathy, or concern for them.

- Thomas never lost his feeling for Harriet.

- It's incredible that Peter can behave with such stupid lack of feeling.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n

6. feeling feelings
If you have a feeling of hunger, tiredness, or other physical sensation, you experience it.

- I also had a strange feeling in my neck.

- Focus on the feeling of relaxation.

- He experienced feelings of claustrophobia from being in a small place.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n
= sensation

7. feeling
Feeling in part of your body is the ability to experience the sense of touch in this part of the body.

- After the accident he had no feeling in his legs.

N-UNCOUNT

8. feeling feelings
If you have a feeling that something is the case or that something is going to happen, you think that is probably the case or that it is probably going to happen.

- You have a feeling about people, and I just felt she was going to be good.

- I have a feeling that everything will come right for us one day.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N about n, N that

9. feeling
Feeling is used to refer to a general opinion that a group of people has about something.

- There is still some feeling in the art world that the market for such works may be declining.

- It seemed that anti-Fascist feeling was not being encouraged.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, oft N that

10. feeling
If you have a feeling of being in a particular situation, you feel that you are in that situation.

- I had the terrible feeling of being left behind to bring up the baby while he had fun.

N-SING: N of -ing
= sensation

11. feeling
If you have a feeling for something, you have an understanding of it or a natural ability to do it.

- Try to get a feeling for the people who live here.

- You seem to have a feeling for drawing.

N-SING: a N for n

12. feeling
If something such as a place or book creates a particular kind of feeling , it creates a particular kind of atmosphere.

- That's what we tried to portray in the book, this feeling of opulence and grandeur.

N-SING: with supp
= air

13. feeling
Bad feeling or ill feeling is bitterness or anger which exists between people, for example after they have had an argument.

- There's been some bad feeling between the two families.

PHR: oft PHR between n

14. feeling
Hard feelings are feelings of anger or bitterness towards someone who you have had an argument with or who has upset you. If you say ` no hard feelings ', you are making an agreement with someone not to be angry or bitter about something.

- I don't want any hard feelings between our companies.

- He held out his large hand. `No hard feelings, right?'

PHR

15. feeling
You say ` I know the feeling ' to show that you understand or feel sorry about a problem or difficult experience that someone is telling you about. (SPOKEN)
CONVENTION feelings

16. feeling
If you have mixed feelings about something or someone, you feel uncertain about them because you can see both good and bad points about them.
PHR: V inflects, usu PHR about n

felt

1. Felt is the past tense and past participle of feel .

2. felt
Felt is a thick cloth made from wool or other fibres packed tightly together.
N-UNCOUNT

feel

verb Informal

1.

touch

caress

finger

fondle

handle

manipulate

paw

stroke

2.

experience

be aware of

notice

observe

perceive

3.

sense

be convinced

intuit

4.

believe

consider

deem

hold

judge

think

noun

5.

texture

finish

surface

touch

6.

impression

air

ambience

atmosphere

feeling

quality

sense

feeling

noun

1.

emotion

ardour

fervour

intensity

passion

sentiment

warmth

2.

impression

hunch

idea

inkling

notion

presentiment

sense

suspicion

3.

opinion

inclination

instinct

point of view

view

4.

sympathy

compassion

concern

empathy

pity

sensibility

sensitivity

understanding

5.

sense of touch

perception

sensation

6.

atmosphere

air

ambience

aura

feel

mood

quality

feel for *****

1. feel for feels for; feeling for; felt for
If you feel for something, for example in the dark, you try to find it by moving your hand around until you touch it.

- I felt for my wallet and papers in my inside pocket.

- I slumped down in my usual armchair and felt around for the newspaper.

PHR-V
= grope for

2. feel for feels for; feeling for; felt for
If you feel for someone, you have sympathy for them.

- She cried on the phone and things like that and I really felt for her.

PHR-V
= feel sorry for

feeler

[D.J.:ˈfi:lə]

[K.K.:ˈfilɚ]

n.

(昆虫的)触须;对他人观点或反应的试探

feeler

1. feeler feelers
An insect's feelers are the two thin stalks on its head with which it touches and senses things around it.
N-COUNT: usu pl
= antenna

2. feeler feelers
If you put out feelers , you make careful, quiet contacts with people in order to get information from them, or to find out what their reaction will be to a suggestion.

- When vacancies occur, the office puts out feelers to the universities.

N-PLURAL

feeler

noun

1.

antenna

tentacle

whisker

2.

approach

advance

probe

feelgood

1. feelgood
A feelgood film is a film which presents people and life in a way which makes the people who watch it feel happy and optimistic.

- This could be the feelgood movie of the autumn.

- ...a bright and enjoyable feelgood romance.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. feelgood
When journalists refer to the feelgood factor , they mean that people are feeling hopeful and optimistic about the future.

- There were obvious signs of the feelgood factor in the last survey taken in the wake of the election result.

PHR

feelingly

adv.

感动地,充满感情地

feelingly

feelingly
If someone says something feelingly , they say it in a way which shows that they have very strong feelings about what they are saying.

- `It's what I want,' she said feelingly.

- She spoke more feelingly of her horses than she did of her own children.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
= emotionally

fee-paying

fee-paying
Fee-paying is used to talk about institutions or services which people have to pay to use, especially ones which are often provided free.

- They are now sending their daughters to fee-paying schools.

- ...fee-paying postgraduate students.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

feet

[D.J.:fi:t]

[K.K.:fit]

foot的复数形式

at sb’s feet

拜倒在某人脚下；对…倾倒拜服

be/get run/rushed off your feet

奔忙；忙得马不停蹄

fall/land on your feet

安然摆脱困境；化险为夷；运气好

feet first

死去；失去意识

feet of clay

(受景仰受尊敬的人)品格上的缺陷(或弱点)

have/keep both/your feet on the ground

脚踏实地；讲求实际

on your feet

站着

恢复繁荣；走出低谷

put your feet up

坐着(或躺着)放松；休息

under sb’s feet

挡某人的道；妨碍某人工作

foot

[D.J.:fut]

[K.K.:fʊt]

n.

脚, 足

(袜子的)足部

脚步, 步伐

底部, 底座

vt.

走, 踏

vt. & vi.

结算; 总计, 共计

-footed

-footed
-footed combines with words such as `heavy' or `light' to form adjectives which indicate how someone moves or walks.

- ...a slim, light-footed little man...

- He was a nimble-footed boy of ten.

COMB in ADJ
See also foot , flat-footed , sure-footed .

feet

feet
Feet is the plural of foot .

foot *****

1. foot feet
Your feet are the parts of your body that are at the ends of your legs, and that you stand on.

- She stamped her foot again.

- ...a foot injury.

- ...his aching arms and sore feet.

N-COUNT

2. -footed

- She was bare-footed.

- ...pink-footed geese.

COMB in ADJ

3. foot
The foot of something is the part that is farthest from its top.

- David called to the children from the foot of the stairs.

- ...the foot of Highgate Hill...

- A single word at the foot of a page caught her eye.

N-SING: usu the N of n
= bottom ≠ head top

4. foot
The foot of a bed is the end nearest to the feet of the person lying in it.

- Friends stood at the foot of the bed, looking at her with serious faces.

N-SING: usu the N of n
≠ head

5. foot feet
A foot is a unit for measuring length, height, or depth, and is equal to 12 inches or 30.48 centimetres. When you are giving measurements, the form `foot' is often used as the plural instead of the plural form `feet'.

- This beautiful and curiously shaped lake lies at around fifteen thousand feet.

- ...a shopping and leisure complex of one million square feet...

- He occupies a cell 10 foot long, 6 foot wide and 10 foot high.

- I have to give my height in feet and inches.

N-COUNT: usu num N, oft num N adj

6. foot
A foot brake or foot pump is operated by your foot rather than by your hand.

- I tried to reach the foot brakes but I couldn't.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. foot
A foot patrol or foot soldiers walk rather than travelling in vehicles or on horseback.

- Paratroopers and foot-soldiers entered the building on the government's behalf.

ADJ: ADJ n
= infantry

8. foot feet
In poetry, a foot is one of the basic units of rhythm into which a line is divided.
N-COUNT

9. foot
If you get cold feet about something, you become nervous or frightened about it because you think it will fail.

- The Government is getting cold feet about the reforms.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR about n

10. foot
If you say that someone is finding their feet in a new situation, you mean that they are starting to feel confident and to deal with things successfully.

- I don't know anyone in England but I am sure I will manage when I find my feet.

- Once he had found his feet he was able to deal with any problem.

PHR: V inflects
= cope

11. foot
If you say that someone has their feet on the ground , you approve of the fact that they have a sensible and practical attitude towards life, and do not have unrealistic ideas.

- In that respect he needs to keep his feet on the ground and not get carried away.

- Kevin was always level-headed with both feet on the ground.

PHR: usu v PHR approval

12. foot
If you go somewhere on foot , you walk, rather than using any form of transport.

- We rowed ashore, then explored the island on foot for the rest of the day.

PHR
= walking

13. foot
If you are on your feet , you are standing up.

- Everyone was on their feet applauding wildly.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
= upright

14. foot
If you say that someone or something is on their feet again after an illness or difficult period, you mean that they have recovered and are back to normal.

- You need someone to take the pressure off and help you get back on your feet.

- He said they all needed to work together to put the country on its feet again.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

15. foot
If you say that someone always falls or lands on their feet , you mean that they are always successful or lucky, although they do not seem to achieve this by their own efforts.

- He has good looks and charm, and always falls on his feet.

- While I struggle through life, she lands on her feet.

PHR: V inflects

16. foot
If you say that someone has one foot in the grave , you mean that they are very old or very ill and will probably die soon. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects

17. foot
If you say, in British English, the boot is on the other foot or, mainly in American English, the shoe is on the other foot , you mean that a situation has been reversed completely, so that the person who was in the better position before is now in the worse one.

- You're not in a position to remove me. The boot is now on the other foot.

PHR: V inflects

18. foot
If you put your best foot forward , you act in a cheerful, determined way. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Put your best foot forward and work on the assumption that there is an acceptable solution to every problem you are likely to face.

PHR: V inflects

19. foot
If someone puts their foot down , they use their authority in order to stop something happening.

- He had planned to go skiing on his own in March but his wife had decided to put her foot down.

PHR: V inflects

20. foot
If someone puts their foot down when they are driving, they drive as fast as they can.

- I asked the driver to put his foot down for Nagchukha.

PHR: V inflects

21. foot
If someone puts their foot in it or puts their foot in their mouth , they accidentally do or say something which embarrasses or offends people. (INFORMAL)

- Our chairman has really put his foot in it, poor man, though he doesn't know it.

PHR: V inflects

22. foot
If you put your feet up , you relax or have a rest, especially by sitting or lying with your feet supported off the ground.

- After supper he'd put his feet up and read. It was a pleasant prospect.

PHR: V inflects
= rest

23. foot
If you never put a foot wrong , you never make any mistakes.

- When he's around, we never put a foot wrong.

- He hardly put a foot wrong in defence and was fine in attack.

PHR: V inflects, with brd-neg

24. foot
If you say that someone sets foot in a place, you mean that they enter it or reach it, and you are emphasizing the significance of their action. If you say that someone never sets foot in a place, you are emphasizing that they never go there.

- ...the day the first man set foot on the moon...

- A little later I left that place and never set foot in Texas again.

PHR: V inflects, oft with brd-neg emphasis

25. foot
If someone has to stand on their own two feet , they have to be independent and manage their lives without help from other people.

- My father didn't mind whom I married, so long as I could stand on my own two feet and wasn't dependent on my husband.

PHR: V inflects

26. foot
If you get or rise to your feet , you stand up.

- Malone got to his feet and followed his superior out of the suite.

- The delegates cheered and rose to their feet.

- He sprang to his feet and ran outside.

PHR: v PHR

27. foot
If you say that someone is under your feet , you are annoyed because they are with you or near you, and are bothering you.

- The children were running about under everybody's feet.

PHR: usu PHR after v feelings

28. foot
If someone gets off on the wrong foot in a new situation, they make a bad start by doing something in completely the wrong way.

- Even though they called the election and had been preparing for it for some time, they got off on the wrong foot.

PHR: V inflects

feign

[D.J.:feɪn]

[K.K.:fen]

vt.

假装,伪装

捏造(借口、理由等)

feigned

adj.

虚假的,想象的,假装的

feignedly

adv.

虚假地,想象地,假装地

feigned

[D.J.:feɪnd]

[K.K.:fend]

adj.

假的;捏造的

feignedly

[ˈfeinidli]

adv.

假装地,装聋作哑地

feign *

feign feigns feigning feigned
If someone feigns a particular feeling, attitude, or physical condition, they try to make other people think that they have it or are experiencing it, although this is not true. (FORMAL)

- One morning, I didn't want to go to school, and decided to feign illness.

- `Giles phoned this morning,' Mirella said with feigned indifference.

VB
= affect

feint

[D.J.:feɪnt]

[K.K.:fent]

n.

佯攻

vi.

佯攻,声东击西

feint

1. feint feints feinting feinted
In sport or military conflict, if someone feints , they make a brief movement in a different direction from the one they intend to follow, as a way of confusing or deceiving their opponent.

- I feinted to the left, then to the right.

- They feinted and concentrated forces against the most fortified line of the enemy side.

VB

2. feint feints
Also a noun.

- He placed the ball and tried a couple of feints.

N-COUNT

feisty

[D.J.:ˈfaisti]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪsti]

adj.

个性强而好争辩的

feisty *

feisty
If you describe someone as feisty , you mean that they are tough, independent, and spirited, often when you would not expect them to be, for example because they are old or ill.

- The soldier looked incredulously at the feisty child.

- At 66, she was as feisty as ever.

ADJ-GRADED
= spunky

felicitous

[D.J.:fɪˈlɪsɪtəs]

[K.K.:fɪˈlɪsɪtəs]

adj.

(措词等)恰当的,贴切的

felicitousness

n.

恰当,贴切

felicitousness

n.

恰当,适合

felicitous

felicitous
If you describe a remark or idea as felicitous , you approve of it because it seems particularly suitable in the circumstances. (FORMAL)

- Her prose style is not always felicitous; she tends to repetition.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= apposite

felicity

[D.J.:fɪˈlɪsɪti:]

[K.K.:fɪˈlɪsɪti]

n.

幸福

恰当,妥帖

felicity

1. felicity
Felicity is great happiness and pleasure. (LITERARY)

- ...joy and felicity.

N-UNCOUNT
= joy

2. felicity
Felicity is the quality of being good, pleasant, or desirable. (LITERARY)

- ...his conversational manner and easy verbal felicity.

N-UNCOUNT

feline

[D.J.:ˈfi:ˌlaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈfiˌlaɪn]

adj.

猫(科)的

n.

猫科动物

feline

1. feline
Feline means belonging or relating to the cat family.
ADJ: ADJ n

2. feline felines
A feline is an animal that belongs to the cat family.

- The 14lb feline is so fat she can hardly walk.

N-COUNT
= cat

3. feline
You can use feline to describe someone's appearance or movements if they are elegant or graceful in a way that makes you think of a cat. (LITERARY)

- ...a woman with large feline eyes and a sexy voice...

- She moves with feline grace.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= catlike

fella

[ˈfelə]

n.

〈俚〉伙伴,伙计,小伙子

fella *

fella fellas
You can refer to a man as a fella . (INFORMAL)

- He's an intelligent man and a nice fella.

- `You're a funny feller,' Fairbairn said grumpily.

N-COUNT: usu with supp also feller .
= fellow

fellatio

[D.J.:fəˈleɪʃi:ˌəʊ, -ˈlɑ:ti:ˌəʊ, fe-]

[K.K.:fəˈleʃiˌo, -ˈlɑtiˌo, fɛ-]

n.

口交,吮吸阴茎

fellatio

fellatio
Fellatio is oral sex which involves someone using their mouth to stimulate their partner's penis.
N-UNCOUNT

fellow

[D.J.:ˈfeləu]

[K.K.:ˈfɛlo]

n.

男子; 小伙子, 家伙

(大学的)研究员, (学术团体的)会员

同伴, 同志

fellow ****

1. fellow
You use fellow to describe people who are in the same situation as you, or people you feel you have something in common with.

- She discovered to her pleasure, a talent for making her fellow guests laugh.

- Even in jail, my fellow inmates treated me with kindness.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. fellow fellows
A fellow is a man or boy. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- By all accounts, Rodger would appear to be a fine fellow.

N-COUNT
= chap

3. fellow fellows
Your fellows are the people who you work with, do things with, or who are like you in some way. (FORMAL)

- He stood out in terms of competence from all his fellows.

- People looked out for one another and were concerned about the welfare of their fellows.

N-PLURAL: poss N
= comrades

4. fellow fellows
A fellow of an academic or professional association is someone who is a specially elected member of it, usually because of their work or achievements or as a mark of honour.

- ...the fellows of the Zoological Society of London.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

fellow

noun

1.

man

bloke Brit. informal

chap informal

character

guy informal

individual

person

2.

associate

colleague

companion

comrade

partner

peer

fellow feeling

fellow feeling
Fellow feeling is sympathy and friendship that exists between people who have shared similar experiences or difficulties.
N-UNCOUNT also fellow-feeling .

fellowship

[D.J.:ˈfeləuʃip]

[K.K.:ˈfɛloˌʃɪp]

n.

团体, 协会

伙伴关系, 友谊

研究员职位

学术奖金

fellowship *

1. fellowship fellowships
A fellowship is a group of people that join together for a common purpose or interest.

- ...the National Schizophrenia Fellowship...

- At Merlin's instigation, Arthur founds the Fellowship of the Round Table.

N-COUNT: with supp

2. fellowship fellowships
A fellowship at a university is a post which involves research work.

- He was offered a research fellowship at Clare College.

N-COUNT

3. fellowship
Fellowship is a feeling of friendship that people have when they are talking or doing something together and sharing their experiences.

- ...a sense of community and fellowship.

N-UNCOUNT
= companionship

fellowship

noun

1.

camaraderie

brotherhood

companionship

sociability

2.

society

association

brotherhood

club

fraternity

guild

league

order

felon

[D.J.:ˈfelən]

[K.K.:ˈfɛlən]

n.

重罪犯

瘭疽,甲沟炎,指头脓炎

adj.

<古>残忍的,残暴的,邪恶的

felonry

n.

felonry

[ˈfelənri]

n.

重罪犯,(监禁处所的)犯人们

felon

felon felons
A felon is a person who is guilty of committing a felony. (LEGAL)

- He's a convicted felon.

N-COUNT

felony

[D.J.:ˈfeləni:]

[K.K.:ˈfɛləni]

n.

<律>重罪

felony *

felony felonies
In countries where the legal system distinguishes between very serious crimes and less serious ones, a felony is a very serious crime such as armed robbery. (LEGAL)

- He pleaded guilty to six felonies.

N-COUNT

felt-tip

felt-tip felt-tips
A felt-tip or a felt-tip pen is a pen which has a piece of fibre at the end that the ink comes through.
N-COUNT

fem

[fem]

n.

女子

fem.

fem.
fem. is a written abbreviation for female or feminine .

female

[D.J.:ˈfi:meil]

[K.K.:ˈfiˌmel]

adj.

女性的, 雌性的

n.

雌性动物

女人

female ****

1. female
Someone who is female is a woman or a girl.

- ...a sixteen-piece dance band with a female singer...

- Their aim is equal numbers of male and female MPs by the year 2000.

- Only 13 per cent of consultants are female.

ADJ
≠ male

2. femaleness

- They are under pressure to negate their femaleness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. female females
Women and girls are sometimes referred to as females when they are being considered as a type.

- But the average young female in this country now is stylish and remarkably confident.

- Hay fever affects males more than females.

N-COUNT
≠ male

4. female
Female matters and things relate to, belong to, or affect women rather than men.

- ...female infertility.

- ...a purveyor of female undergarments...

- I realize there's no consensus on what are male or female values.

ADJ: ADJ n
= women's ≠ male

5. female females
You can refer to any creature that can lay eggs or produce babies from its body as a female .

- Each female will lay just one egg in April or May.

N-COUNT
≠ male

6. female
Also an adjective.

- ...the scent given off by the female aphid to attract the male.

ADJ
≠ male

7. female
A female flower or plant contains the part that will become the fruit when it is fertilized.

- Figs have male and female flowers.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ male

feminine

[D.J.:ˈfeminin]

[K.K.:ˈfɛmənɪn]

adj.

有女性气质的, 女子气的, 适于女子的

〈语〉阴性的

feminine **

1. feminine
Feminine qualities and things relate to or are considered typical of women, in contrast to men.

- ...male leaders worrying about their women abandoning traditional feminine roles.

- ...a manufactured ideal of feminine beauty.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= female

2. feminine
Someone or something that is feminine has qualities that are considered typical of women, especially being pretty or gentle.

- I've always been attracted to very feminine women who are not overpowering, the delicate English-rose type.

- The bedroom has a light, feminine look.

ADJ-GRADED approval
≠ masculine

3. feminine
In some languages, a feminine noun, pronoun, or adjective has a different form from a masculine or neuter one, or behaves in a different way.
ADJ

feminine

adjective

womanly

delicate

gentle

ladylike

soft

tender

femininity

[D.J.:femiˈniniti]

[K.K.:ˌfɛməˈnɪnɪti]

n.

妇女特质,柔弱性,温柔

femininity *

1. femininity
A woman's femininity is the fact that she is a woman.

- ...the drudgery behind the ideology of motherhood and femininity.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ masculinity

2. femininity
Femininity means the qualities that are considered to be typical of women.

- I wonder if there isn't a streak of femininity in him, a kind of sweetness.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ masculinity

feminism

[D.J.:ˈfeminizəm]

[K.K.:ˈfɛməˌnɪzəm]

n.

女权运动

feminism *

feminism
Feminism is the belief and aim that women should have the same rights, power, and opportunities as men.

- Feminism may have liberated the feminists, but it has still to change the lives of the majority of women.

- ...Barbara Johnson, that champion of radical feminism.

N-UNCOUNT

feminist

[D.J.:ˈfeminist]

[K.K.:ˈfɛmənɪst]

n.

男女平等主义者,女权扩张论者

feminist **

1. feminist feminists
A feminist is a person who believes in and supports feminism.

- Only 16 per cent of young women in a 1990 survey considered themselves feminists.

- ...a daunting feminist academic.

N-COUNT

2. feminist
Feminist groups, ideas, and activities are involved in feminism.

- ...the concerns addressed by the feminist movement.

- ...the reconstruction of history from a feminist perspective.

ADJ: ADJ n

feminize

[D.J.:ˈfeminaiz]

[K.K.:ˈfɛməˌnaɪz]

vt. & vi.

使女性化; 女性化

feminize

feminize feminizes feminizing feminized
To feminize something means to make it into something that involves mainly women or is thought suitable for or typical of women. (FORMAL)

- ...their governments' policies of feminizing low-paid factory work.

- ...a feminised pinstriped suit.

VB (BRIT) also feminise

femme fatale

femme fatale femmes fatales
If a woman has a reputation as a femme fatale , she is considered to be very attractive sexually, and likely to cause problems for any men who are attracted to her.
N-COUNT: usu sing

femme fatale

noun

seductress

enchantress

siren

vamp informal

femoral

[D.J.:ˈfemərəl]

[K.K.:ˈfɛmərəl]

adj.

股骨的,大腿骨的,大腿的

n.

股动脉

femur

[D.J.:ˈfi:mə]

[K.K.:ˈfimɚ]

n.

股骨

femoral

adj.

femur

femur femurs
Your femur is the large bone in the upper part of your leg.
N-COUNT

fen

[D.J.:fen]

[K.K.:fɛn]

n.

(尤指英格兰东部的)沼泽地带

fen *

fen fens
Fen is used to refer to an area of low, flat, wet land, especially in the east of England.

- ...the flat fen lands near Cambridge.

N-VAR

fen

noun

marsh

bog

morass

quagmire

slough

swamp

fence

[D.J.:fens]

[K.K.:fɛns]

n.

栅栏, 篱笆; 围墙

vt.

围以栅栏

vt. & vi.

保护, 防御, 周旋

vi.

击剑

fencing

[D.J.:ˈfensiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfɛnsɪŋ]

n.

击剑(运动)

筑篱笆[栅栏]的材料

fence ***

1. fence fences
A fence is a barrier between two areas of land, made of wood or wire supported by posts.

- Villagers say the fence would restrict public access to the hills.

N-COUNT

2. fence fences fencing fenced
If you fence an area of land, you surround it with a fence.

- The first task was to fence the wood to exclude sheep.

- Thomas was playing in a little fenced area full of sand.

VB
= close off

3. fence fences
A fence in show jumping or horse racing is an obstacle or barrier that horses have to jump over.
N-COUNT
= hurdle

4. fence fences
A fence is a person who receives stolen property and then sells it. (INFORMAL)

- He originally acted as a fence for another gang before turning to burglary himself.

N-COUNT

5. fence
If one country tries to mend fences with another, it tries to end a disagreement or quarrel with the other country. You can also say that two countries mend fences .

- Washington was last night doing its best to mend fences with the Europeans, saying it understood their concerns.

- The two countries fought a border war a decade ago, but now they are mending fences.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, PHR with n, pl-n PHR

6. fence
If you sit on the fence , you avoid supporting a particular side in a discussion or argument.

- They are sitting on the fence and refusing to commit themselves.

- He's not afraid of making decisions and is a man who never sits on the fence.

PHR: V inflects

fencing *

1. fencing
Fencing is a sport in which two competitors fight each other using very thin swords. The ends of the swords are covered and the competitors wear protective clothes, so that they do not hurt each other.
N-UNCOUNT

2. fencing
Materials such as wood or wire that are used to make fences are called fencing .

- ...old wooden fencing.

N-UNCOUNT

fence

noun

1.

barrier

barricade

defence

hedge

palisade

railings

rampart

wall

verb

often with in {or} off 2.

enclose

bound

confine

encircle

pen

protect

surround

3.

evade

dodge

equivocate

flannel Brit. informal

parry

fence in ***

1. fence in fences in; fencing in; fenced in
If you fence something in , you surround it completely with a fence.

- He plans to fence in about 100 acres of his ranch five miles north of town.

PHR-V

2. fence in fences in; fencing in; fenced in
If you are fenced in by someone or something, they are so close to you that you are unable to move or leave.

- She was basically fenced in by what the military wanted to do.

- He put his hand on the post behind her so that he had her fenced in and could look down on her.

PHR-V: usu passive

fence off ***

fence off fences off; fencing off; fenced off
If you fence off an area of land, you build a fence round it.

- When she and Luther got their house, they would fence off a lawn and raise roses from cuttings.

- They had to evict some gypsies today and I had to go and fence the area off.

PHR-V
= close off

fend

[D.J.:fend]

[K.K.:fɛnd]

vt. & vi.

独立生活, 照料自己

vt.

挡开, 避开

fend *

fend fends fending fended
If you have to fend for yourself, you have to look after yourself without relying on help from anyone else.

- The woman and her young baby had been thrown out and left to fend for themselves.

VB
= take care of

fend off *

1. fend off fends off; fending off; fended off
If you fend off unwanted questions, problems, or people, you stop them from affecting you or defend yourself from them, but often only for a short time and without dealing with them completely.

- He looked relaxed and determined as he fended off questions from the world's Press.

- He had struggled to pay off creditors but couldn't fend them off any longer.

PHR-V
= deflect

2. fend off fends off; fending off; fended off
If you fend off someone who is attacking you, you use your arms or something such as a stick to defend yourself from their blows.

- He raised his hand to fend off the blow.

PHR-V

fender

[D.J.:ˈfendə]

[K.K.:ˈfɛndɚ]

n.

壁炉挡板

挡泥板

fenderless

adj.

无防撞物的;无挡板的

fenderless

adj.

无防撞物的,无挡板的

fender *

1. fender fenders
A fender is a low metal wall built around a fireplace, which stops any coals that fall out of the fire from rolling onto the carpet.

- ...a brass fender.

N-COUNT
= guard

2. fender fenders
A fender is the same as a fireguard .
N-COUNT

3. fender fenders
The fenders of a car are the parts of the body over the wheels. (AM; in BRIT use wing )
N-COUNT

4. fender fenders
The fender of a car is a bar at the front or back that protects the car if it bumps into something. (AM; in BRIT use bumper )
N-COUNT

5. fender fenders
The fenders of a boat are objects which hang against the outside and protect it from damage when it comes next to a harbour wall or another boat.
N-COUNT

feng shui

feng shui
Feng shui is a Chinese art which is based on the belief that the way you arrange things within a building, and within the rooms of that building, can affect aspects of your life such as how happy and successful you are.
N-UNCOUNT

fennel

[D.J.:ˈfenl]

[K.K.:ˈfɛnəl]

n.

〈植〉茴香

fennel *

fennel
Fennel is a plant with a crisp rounded base and feathery leaves. It can be eaten as a vegetable or the leaves can be used as a herb.
N-UNCOUNT

feral

[D.J.:ˈfiərəl]

[K.K.:ˈfɪrəl, ˈfɛr-]

adj.

(动物)野生的, 未驯的, 野蛮的

feral

1. feral
Feral animals are wild animals that are not owned or controlled by anyone, especially ones that belong to species which are normally owned and kept by people. (FORMAL)

- ...feral cats.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ domesticated

2. feral
If you describe something or someone as feral , you mean that they seem wild, fierce, and uncontrolled. (LITERARY)

- ...the prowling, feral guitars underpinned by metronomic drum beats.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= savage

ferment

[D.J.:fəˈment ]

[K.K.: fɚˈmɛnt]

vt. & vi.

(使)发酵

(使)激动, 骚动, 骚扰

[D.J.: ˈfɜ:ment]

[K.K.:ˈfə..mɛnt ]

n.

酵素

激动, 骚动, 动荡

fermentation

[D.J.:ˌfɜ:mənˈteɪʃən, -men-]

[K.K.:ˌfə..mənˈteʃən, -mɛn-]

n.

发酵

激动, 纷扰

ferment *

1. ferment
Ferment is excitement and trouble caused by change or uncertainty.

- The whole country has been in a state of political ferment for some months.

N-UNCOUNT
= uproar

2. ferment ferments fermenting fermented
If a food, drink, or other natural substance ferments , or if it is fermented , a chemical change takes place in it so that alcohol is produced. This process forms part of the production of alcoholic drinks such as wine and beer.

- The dried grapes are allowed to ferment until there is no sugar left and the wine is dry.

- To serve the needs of bakers, manufacturers ferment the yeast to produce a more concentrated product.

- ...partially fermented wine.

V-ERG

3. fermentation

- Yeast is essential for the fermentation that produces alcohol.

N-UNCOUNT

ferment

noun

commotion

disruption

excitement

frenzy

furore

stir

tumult

turmoil

unrest

uproar

fern

[D.J.:fɜ:n]

[K.K.:fə..n]

n.

<植>羊齿植物, 蕨类植物

ferns

蕨类

fern *

fern ferns
A fern is a plant that has long stems with feathery leaves and no flowers. There are many types of fern.
N-VAR

ferocious

[D.J.:fəˈrəuʃəs]

[K.K.:fəˈroʃəs]

adj.

凶猛的, 残忍的, 凶暴的

ferociously

adv.

野蛮地,残忍地

ferocious *

1. ferocious
A ferocious animal, person, or action is very fierce and violent.

- By its very nature a lion is ferocious.

- The police had had to deal with some of the most ferocious violence ever seen on the streets of London.

ADJ-GRADED
= fierce

2. ferociously

- She kicked out ferociously.

ADV-GRADED

3. ferocious
A ferocious war, argument, or other form of conflict involves a great deal of anger, bitterness, and determination.

- Fighting has been ferocious.

- A ferocious battle to select a new parliamentary candidate is in progress.

ADJ-GRADED

4. ferociously

- These days he is ferociously competitive.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

5. ferocious
If you describe actions or feelings as ferocious , you mean that they are intense and determined.

- Lindbergh was startled at the ferocious depth of anti-British feeling.

ADJ-GRADED

6. ferociously

- He set himself ferociously tough standards; and he was ardently devoted to ballet.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj

ferocious

adjective

1.

fierce

predatory

rapacious

ravening

savage

violent

wild

2.

cruel

bloodthirsty

brutal

ruthless

vicious

ferocity

[D.J.:fəˈrɔsɪti:]

[K.K.:fəˈrɑsɪti]

n.

凶猛,残暴

ferocity *

ferocity
The ferocity of something is its fierce or violent nature.

- The armed forces seem to have been taken by surprise by the ferocity of the attack.

N-UNCOUNT
= violence

ferocity

noun

savagery

bloodthirstiness

brutality

cruelty

fierceness

viciousness

wildness

ferret

[D.J.:ˈferɪt]

[K.K.:ˈfɛrɪt]

n.

雪貂,白鼬

(经常性的)搜索者

vi.

搜寻,翻找

用雪貂猎鼠

ferret about

到处搜寻

ferret out

搜索出；搜寻出；查获

ferrety

adj.

雪貂似的

搜索者般的

爱窥探的

ferrety

[ˈferəti]

adj.

似雪貂的

ferret *

1. ferret ferrets
A ferret is a small, fierce animal which is used for hunting rabbits and rats.
N-COUNT

2. ferret ferrets ferreting ferreted
If you ferret about for something, you look for it in a lot of different places or in a place where it is hidden. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She nonetheless continued to ferret about for possible jobs.

- She ferreted among some papers.

VB
= search

ferret out *

ferret out ferrets out; ferreting out; ferreted out
If you ferret out some information, you discover it by searching for it very thoroughly. (INFORMAL)

- The team is trying to ferret out missing details.

- I leave it to the reader to ferret these out.

PHR-V
= search out

ferret out

verb

track down

dig up

discover

elicit

root out

search out

trace

unearth

ferris wheel

ferris wheel ferris wheels
A ferris wheel is a very large upright wheel with carriages around the edge of it which people can ride in. Ferris wheels are often found at theme parks or funfairs. (AM; in BRIT use big wheel )
N-COUNT

ferrous

[D.J.:ˈferəs]

[K.K.:ˈfɛrəs]

adj.

铁的,含铁的

ferrous

ferrous
Ferrous means containing or relating to iron.

- ...ferrous metals.

- ...ferrous chloride.

ADJ: ADJ n

ferrule

[D.J.:ˈferu:l]

[K.K.:ˈfɛrəl]

n.

(棍棒顶端等的)金属箍,金属环,套圈

vt.

装以金属铁

ferrule

ferrule ferrules
A ferrule is a metal or rubber cap that is fixed onto the end of a stick or post in order to prevent it from splitting or wearing down. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

ferry

[D.J.:ˈferi]

[K.K.:ˈfɛri]

n.

渡船

渡口

vt.

渡运, 运送

ferry **

1. ferry ferries
A ferry is a boat that transports passengers and sometimes also vehicles, usually across rivers or short stretches of sea.

- They had recrossed the River Gambia by ferry.

N-COUNT: also by N

2. ferry ferries ferrying ferried
If a vehicle ferries people or goods, it transports them, usually by means of regular journeys between the same two places.

- Every day, a plane arrives to ferry guests to and from Bird Island Lodge.

- It was still dark when five coaches started to ferry the miners the 140 miles from the Silverhill colliery.

- A helicopter ferried in more soldiers to help in the search.

VB
= transport

ferry

noun

1.

ferry boat

packet

packet boat

verb

2.

carry

chauffeur

convey

run

ship

shuttle

transport

ferryboat

[D.J.:ˈferibəut]

[K.K.:ˈfɛriˌbot]

n.

渡船,渡轮

ferryboat

ferryboat ferryboats
A ferryboat is a boat used as a ferry.
N-COUNT

fertile

[D.J.:ˈfə:tail]

[K.K.:ˈfɚtl]

adj.

多产的, 富饶的

fertility

[D.J.:fəˈtɪlɪti:]

[K.K.:fɚˈtɪlɪti]

n.

(土地的)肥沃；肥力；丰产

<生>繁殖力

(思想等的)丰富

fertile **

1. fertile
Land or soil that is fertile is able to support the growth of a large number of strong healthy plants.

- ...fertile soil.

- ...the rolling fertile countryside of East Cork.

ADJ-GRADED
= rich

2. fertility

- He was able to bring large sterile acreages back to fertility.

N-UNCOUNT

3. fertile
A fertile mind or imagination is able to produce a lot of good, original ideas.

- ...a product of Flynn's fertile imagination...

- A chess player must have a fertile imagination and rich sense of fantasy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= prolific

4. fertile
A situation or environment that is fertile in relation to a particular activity or feeling encourages the activity or feeling.

- ...a fertile breeding ground for this kind of violent racism.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

5. fertile
A person or animal that is fertile is able to reproduce and have babies or young.

- The operation cannot be reversed to make her fertile again.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ sterile

6. fertility

- Doctors will tell you that pregnancy is the only sure test for fertility.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ sterility

fertile

adjective

rich

abundant

fecund

fruitful

luxuriant

plentiful

productive

prolific

teeming

fertility

noun

fruitfulness

abundance

fecundity

luxuriance

productiveness

richness

fertilizable

[ˈfə:tilaizəbl]

adj.

可受精的,可施肥的

fertilization

[D.J.:ˌfə:tilaiˈzeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌfɚtlɪˈzeʃən]

n.

受精, 受胎

受精行为[现象]

受精过程, 受孕过程

fertilize

[D.J.:ˈfɜ:tlˌaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈfə..tl..ˌaɪz]

vt.

施肥

fertilizable

adj.

可施肥的;可受精的

fertilization

n.

施肥

fertilized

已受精的

fertilize *

1. fertilize fertilizes fertilizing fertilized
When an egg from the ovary of a woman or female animal is fertilized , a sperm from the male joins with the egg, causing a baby or young animal to begin forming. A female plant is fertilized when its reproductive parts come into contact with pollen from the male plant.

- Certain varieties cannot be fertilised with their own pollen.

- ...the normal sperm levels needed to fertilise the female egg...

- Pregnancy begins when the fertilized egg is implanted in the wall of the uterus.

VB (BRIT) also fertilise
= inseminate

2. fertilization

- The average length of time from fertilization until birth is about 266 days.

N-UNCOUNT

3. fertilize fertilizes fertilizing fertilized
To fertilize land means to improve its quality in order to make plants grow well on it, by spreading solid animal waste or a chemical mixture on it.

- The faeces contain nitrogen and it is that which fertilises the desert soil.

- ...chemically fertilized fields.

VB (BRIT) also fertilise
= enrich

fertilizer

[D.J.:ˈfə:tilaizə]

[K.K.:ˈfɚtlˌaɪzɚ]

n.

肥料, 化肥

fertilizer **

fertilizer fertilizers
Fertilizer is a substance such as solid animal waste or a chemical mixture that you spread on the ground in order to make plants grow more successfully.

- ...farming without any purchased chemical, fertilizer or pesticide...

- Work in a balanced fertiliser before planting.

N-MASS (BRIT) also fertiliser

fertilizer

noun

compost

dressing

dung

manure

fervent

[D.J.:ˈfɜ:vənt]

[K.K.:ˈfə..vənt]

adj.

热诚的, 热烈的

fervently

[D.J.:ˈfɜ:vəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfə..vəntlɪ]

adv.

热烈地;热情地;强烈地

fervent *

1. fervent
A fervent person has or shows strong feelings about something, and is very sincere and enthusiastic about it.

- ...a fervent admirer of Morisot's work.

- ...the fervent hope that matters will be settled promptly.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= ardent

2. fervently

- Their claims will be fervently denied.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

fervent fervid

adjective

ardent

devout

earnest

enthusiastic

heartfelt

impassioned

intense

vehement

fervour

[D.J.:ˈfɜ:və]

[K.K.:ˈfə..vɚ]

n.

热烈,热情

fervour *

fervour
Fervour for something is a very strong feeling for or belief in it. (FORMAL)

- They were concerned only with their own religious fervour.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp (AM) fervor
= enthusiasm

fervour

noun

intensity

ardour

enthusiasm

excitement

passion

vehemence

warmth

zeal

fester

[D.J.:ˈfestə]

[K.K.:ˈfɛstɚ]

vi.

(伤口)化脓

fester *

1. fester festers festering festered
If you say that a situation, problem, or feeling is festering , you disapprove of the fact that it is being allowed to grow more unpleasant or full of anger, because it is not being properly recognized or dealt with.

- Resentments are starting to fester.

- ...festering wounds of the legacy of British imperialism.

VB disapproval

2. fester festers festering festered
If a wound festers , it becomes infected, making it worse.

- The wound is festering, and gangrene has set in.

- ...with many of the children being afflicted by festering sores.

VB

3. fester festers festering festered
If you say that food is festering , you mean that it is decaying in a very unpleasant way. (BRIT)

- The chops will fester and go to waste.

- ...stale sauces festering in fridges.

VB
= rot

fester

verb

1.

decay

putrefy

suppurate

ulcerate

2.

intensify

aggravate

smoulder

festival

[D.J.:ˈfestəvəl]

[K.K.:ˈfɛstəvəl]

n.

节日, 节期, 喜庆日

festival ****

1. festival festivals
A festival is an organized series of events such as musical concerts or drama productions.

- Numerous Umbrian towns hold their own summer festivals of music, theatre, and dance.

- There are over 350 films in the Edinburgh Film Festival this year.

N-COUNT

2. festival festivals
A festival is a day or time of the year when people have a holiday from work and celebrate some special event, often a religious event.

- Shavuot is a two-day festival for Orthodox Jews and a one-day festival for Reform and Israeli Jews.

N-COUNT

festival

noun

1.

celebration

carnival

entertainment

fête

gala

jubilee

2.

holy day

anniversary

commemoration

feast

fête

fiesta

holiday

red-letter day

saint's day

festive

[D.J.:ˈfestɪv]

[K.K.:ˈfɛstɪv]

adj.

(宗教)节日的,适合于节日的

festively

adv.

节日地,适合于节日地

festive *

1. festive
Something that is festive is special, colourful, or exciting, especially because of a holiday or celebration.

- The town has a festive holiday atmosphere.

- The Captain's Party on Saturday evening is the cruise's most festive event.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= joyous

2. festive
Festive means relating to a holiday or celebration, especially Christmas.

- With Christmas just around the corner, starting your festive cooking now will give cakes and puddings time to mature.

- The government's armed forces have halved their strength for the festive break.

ADJ: ADJ n

festive

adjective

celebratory

cheery

convivial

happy

jovial

joyful

joyous

jubilant

merry

festive season

festive season
People sometimes refer to the Christmas period as the festive season .

- For many of us, the festive season can be one of the most stressful times of the year.

N-SING: usu the N
= Christmas

festivity

[D.J.:feˈstɪvɪti:]

[K.K.:fɛˈstɪvɪti]

n.

欢庆;庆祝活动,庆典

festivity *

1. festivity
Festivity is the celebration of something in a happy way.

- There was a general air of festivity and abandon.

N-UNCOUNT

2. festivity festivities
Festivities are events that are organized in order to celebrate something.

- The festivities included a huge display of fireworks.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= celebrations

festivity

noun

often plural

celebration

entertainment

festival

party

festoon

[D.J.:fesˈtu:n]

[K.K.:fɛˈstun]

n.

花彩(装饰)

festoon *

1. festoon festoons festooning festooned
If something is festooned with, for example, lights, balloons, or flowers, large numbers of these things are hung from it or wrapped around it, especially in order to decorate it.

- The temples are festooned with lights.

- ...a lamppost festooned in political stickers.

VB: usu passive
= bedeck

2. festoon festoons
Also a noun.

- ...a grand amphitheater, whose huge columns were wreathed with festoons of laurel and of magnolia.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu N of n

festoon

verb

decorate

array

deck

drape

garland

hang

swathe

wreathe

feta

[D.J.:ˈfetə]

[K.K.:ˈfɛtə, ˈfitə]

n.

羊乳酪

feta

feta
Feta is a type of salty white cheese made from goats' or sheep's milk. It is traditionally made in Greece.
N-UNCOUNT

fetch

[D.J.:fetʃ]

[K.K.:fɛtʃ]

vt.

接来(某人), 取来(某物)

使发出; 吸引

售得(若干价钱)

vi.

抵达, 到达

fetching

[D.J.:ˈfetʃiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfɛtʃɪŋ]

adj.

动人的,吸引人的,迷人的

fetch **

1. fetch fetches fetching fetched
If you fetch something or someone, you go and get them from the place where they are.

- Sylvia fetched a towel from the bathroom.

- Fetch me a glass of water.

- The caddie ran over to fetch something for him.

VB

2. fetch fetches fetching fetched
If something fetches a particular sum of money, it is sold for that amount.

- The painting is expected to fetch between two and three million pounds.

VB
= raise

3. fetch
If you fetch and carry , you perform simple, often boring tasks for someone, such as collecting and carrying things for them.

- I helped out in the tents fetching and carrying.

PHR: Vs inflect

fetching

fetching
If you describe someone or something as fetching , you think that they look very attractive.

- Sue was sitting up in bed, looking very fetching in a flowered bedjacket.

- Beckham wore a fetching outfit in purple and green.

ADJ-GRADED

fetch

verb

1.

bring

carry

convey

deliver

get

go for

obtain

retrieve

transport

2.

sell for

bring in

earn

go for

make

realize

yield

fetching

adjective

attractive

alluring

captivating

charming

cute

enticing

winsome

fetch up **

fetch up fetches up; fetching up; fetched up
If you fetch up somewhere, you arrive there, especially when you have not planned to go there. (INFORMAL)

- He spent the first few months on a walking and sketching tour, before fetching up in Dublin.

PHR-V
= end up

fete

[D.J.:feɪt, fet]

[K.K.:fet, fɛt]

n.

(常在室外为筹款举行的)游乐会

vt.

宴请(某人), 向…致敬

fete *

1. fete fetes
A fete is an event that is usually held outdoors and includes competitions, entertainments, and the selling of used and home-made goods.
N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) fête

2. fete fetes feting feted
If someone is feted , they are celebrated, welcomed, or admired by the public.

- Anouska Hempel, the British dress designer, was feted in New York this week at a spectacular dinner.

- The metamorphosis from anxious wife to feted author was rapid and dramatic.

VB: usu passive (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) fête

fetid

[D.J.:ˈfetɪd, ˈfi:tɪd]

[K.K.:ˈfɛtɪd, ˈfitɪd]

adj.

恶臭的

fetid

fetid
Fetid water or air has a very strong unpleasant smell. (FORMAL)

- ...the fetid river of waste...

- The smell hit him -- the fetid stench of vomit and human waste.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also foetid
= stinking

fetish

[D.J.:ˈfetɪʃ, ˈfi:tɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈfɛtɪʃ, ˈfitɪʃ]

n.

神物

被盲目崇拜之物,迷恋物

<心>恋物

fetishism

n.

盲目崇拜

fetishist

n.

盲目崇拜者

fetishistic

adj.

盲目崇拜的

fetishism

[D.J.:ˈfetiʃiz(ə)m]

[K.K.:ˈfɛtɪˌʃɪzəm, ˈfitɪ-]

n.

拜物主义,物神崇拜,盲目崇拜;恋物癖

fetishist

[ˈfetiʃist]

n.

物神崇拜者

fetishistic

[ˌfetiˈʃistik]

adj.

崇拜物神的,迷信的

fetish *

1. fetish fetishes
If someone has a fetish , they have an unusually strong liking or need for a particular object or activity, as a way of getting sexual pleasure.

- ...rubber and leather fetishes.

- ...fetish wear for sexual arousal.

N-COUNT: oft n N

2. fetish fetishes
If you say that someone has a fetish for doing something, you disapprove of the fact that they do it very often or enjoy it very much.

- What began as a postwar fetish for sunbathing is rapidly developing into a world health crisis.

N-COUNT: usu with supp disapproval
= fixation

3. fetish fetishes
In some cultures, a fetish is an object, especially a carved object, which is considered to have religious importance or magical powers.
N-COUNT

fetish

noun

1.

fixation

mania

obsession

thing informal

2.

talisman

amulet

fetishism

fetishism
Fetishism involves a person having a strong liking or need for a particular object or activity which gives them sexual pleasure and excitement.
N-UNCOUNT

fetishists

拜物教徒

fetishist

fetishist fetishists
A fetishist is a person who has a strong liking or need for a particular object or activity in order to experience sexual pleasure and excitement.

- ...a foot fetishist.

N-COUNT: usu n N

fetlock

[D.J.:ˈfetlɔk]

[K.K.:ˈfɛtˌlɑk]

n.

(马等蹄后上部的)丛毛,球节(生距毛的突起部分)

fetlock

fetlock fetlocks
A horse's fetlock is the back part of its leg, just above the hoof.
N-COUNT

fetter

[D.J.:ˈfetə]

[K.K.:ˈfɛtɚ]

n.

脚镣

束缚

vt.

给…上脚镣,束缚

fetter

1. fetter fetters fettering fettered
If you say that you are fettered by something, you dislike it because it prevents you from behaving or moving in a free and natural way. (LITERARY)

- ...a private trust which would not be fettered by bureaucracy...

- The black mud fettered her movements.

VB disapproval
= hamper

2. fetter fetters
You can use fetters to refer to things such as rules, traditions, or responsibilities that you dislike because they prevent you from behaving in the way you want. (LITERARY)

- ...the fetters of social convention.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp, oft N of n disapproval
= constraints

3. fetter fetters
Especially in former times, fetters were chains for a prisoner's feet.

- He saw a boy in fetters in the dungeons.

N-COUNT: usu pl

fettle

[D.J.:ˈfetl]

[K.K.:ˈfɛtl]

n.

状态,情绪

vt.

〈英〉殴打,修补,整顿

fettle

fettle
If you say that someone or something is in fine fettle , you mean that they are in very good health or condition. (INFORMAL)

- You seem in fine fettle.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

feud

[D.J.:fju:d]

[K.K.:fjud]

n.

长期不和;世仇

vi.

长期争斗,结仇

feud *

1. feud feuds
A feud is a quarrel in which two people or groups remain angry with each other for a long time, although they are not always fighting or arguing.

- ...a long and bitter feud between the state government and the villagers.

N-COUNT
= vendetta

2. feud feuds feuding feuded
If one person or group feuds with another, they have a quarrel that lasts a long time. You can also say that two people or groups feud .

- He feuded with his ex-wife.

- Their families had feuded since their teenage daughters quarrelled two years ago.

V-RECIP

feud

noun

1.

hostility

argument

conflict

disagreement

enmity

quarrel

rivalry

row

vendetta

verb

2.

quarrel

bicker

clash

contend

dispute

fall out

row

squabble

war

feudal

[D.J.:ˈfju:dl]

[K.K.:ˈfjudl..]

adj.

封建的

feudal *

feudal
Feudal means relating to the system or the time of feudalism.

- ...the emperor and his feudal barons.

ADJ: ADJ n

feudalism

[D.J.:ˈfju:dlˌɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈfjudl..ˌɪzəm]

n.

封建制度,封建主义

feudalism

feudalism
Feudalism was a system in which people were given land and protection by people of higher rank, and worked and fought for them in return.
N-UNCOUNT

fever

[D.J.:ˈfi:və]

[K.K.:ˈfivɚ]

n.

发烧, 热度

一时的狂热

fever **

1. fever fevers
If you have a fever when you are ill, your body temperature is higher than usual and your heart beats faster.

- My Uncle Jim had a high fever.

- Symptoms of the disease include fever and weight loss.

N-VAR
= temperature

See also hay fever , rheumatic fever , scarlet fever .

2. fever fevers
A fever is extreme excitement or nervousness about something.

- Angie waited in a fever of excitement.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= frenzy

fever

noun

excitement

agitation

delirium

ferment

fervour

frenzy

restlessness

fever blister

fever blister fever blisters
Fever blisters are small sore spots that sometimes appear on or near someone's lips and nose when they have a cold. (AM; in BRIT usually use cold sore )
N-COUNT

fevered

adj.

发烧的,激昂的,激动的

fevered

1. fevered
Fevered is used to describe feelings of great excitement, and the activities that result from them. (WRITTEN)

- Meg was in a state of fevered anticipation.

- ...fevered speculation over the leadership.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= feverish

2. fevered
If a person is fevered , or they have a fevered brow, they are suffering from a fever. (LITERARY)

- He applied fragrant compresses to her fevered brow.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

feverish

[D.J.:ˈfi:vərɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈfivərɪʃ]

adj.

(微微)发烧的,有点热度的;由发烧〔热病〕引起的

高度活跃或兴奋的

feverishly

adv.

feverishly

[D.J.:ˈfi:vərɪʃlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfivəˌrɪʃlɪ]

adv.

发热地

狂热地;兴奋地

feverish *

1. feverish
Feverish activity is done extremely quickly, often in a state of nervousness or excitement because you want to finish it as soon as possible.

- Hours of feverish activity lay ahead. The tents had to be erected, the stalls set up.

ADJ-GRADED
= frantic

2. feverishly

- City workers and volunteers are working feverishly to remove the heavy snow from the roofs of homes.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. feverish
Feverish emotion is characterized by extreme nervousness or excitement.

- He will be attending next week's American Grammy Awards in feverish anticipation.

- ...a state of feverish excitement.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. feverish
If you are feverish , you are suffering from a fever.

- A feverish child refuses to eat and asks only for cold drinks.

- She looked feverish, her eyes glistened.

ADJ-GRADED

5. feverishly

- He slept feverishly all afternoon and into the night.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

feverish

adjective

1.

hot

febrile

fevered

flushed

inflamed

pyretic Medical

2.

excited

agitated

frantic

frenetic

frenzied

overwrought

restless

fever pitch

fever pitch
If something is at fever pitch , it is in an extremely active or excited state.

- Frances kept talking, her mind at fever pitch.

- Campaigning is reaching fever pitch for elections on November 6.

N-UNCOUNT: oft at N

few

[D.J.:fju:]

[K.K.:fju]

adj.

不多的, 很少

pron.

少数, 很少, 几个

few *****

1. few
You use a few to indicate that you are talking about a small number of people or things. You can also say a very few .

- I gave a dinner party for a few close friends.

- We had a few drinks afterwards.

- Here are a few more ideas to consider.

- She was silent for a few seconds.

DET: DET pl-n
= a couple of

2. few
Also a pronoun.

- Doctors work an average of 90 hours a week, while a few are on call for up to 120 hours.

- A strict diet is appropriate for only a few.

PRON

3. few
Also a quantifier.

- There are many ways eggs can be prepared; here are a few of them.

- ...a little tea-party I'm giving for a few of the teachers.

QUANT: QUANT of def-pl-n
= some

4. few
You use few after adjectives and determiners to indicate that you are talking about a small number of things or people.

- The past few weeks of her life had been the most pleasant she could remember.

- The leaders are expected to fly to Mecca in the next few days to seal the agreement.

- ...in the last few chapters...

- A train would pass through there every few minutes at that time of day.

ADJ: adj/det ADJ n
= couple of

5. few
You use few to indicate that you are talking about a small number of people or things. You can use `so', `too' and `very' in front of few .

- She had few friends, and was generally not functioning up to her potential.

- Few members planned to vote for him.

- Very few firms collect the tax, even when they're required to do so by law.

DET: DET pl-n
= many

6. few
Also a pronoun.

- The trouble is that few want to buy, despite the knockdown prices on offer.

- ...a true singing and songwriting talent that few suspected.

PRON

7. few
Also a quantifier.

- Few of the beach houses still had lights on.

- Few of the volunteers had military experience.

QUANT: QUANT of def-pl-n

8. few
Also an adjective.

- ...spending her few waking hours in front of the TV...

- His memories of his father are few.

ADJ

9. few
The few means a small set of people considered as separate from the majority, especially because they share a particular opportunity or quality that the others do not have.

- This should not be an experience for the few.

- ...a system built on academic excellence for the few.

N-SING: the N

10. few
You use as few as before a number to suggest that it is surprisingly small.

- One study showed that even as few as ten cigarettes a day can damage fertility.

- The factory may make as few as 1,500 cars this year.

PHR: PHR num emphasis

11. few
Things that are few and far between are very rare or do not happen very often.

- Successful women politicians are few and far between.

- In this economic climate new ideas were few and far between.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis
= rare uncommon

12. few
You use not a few when you are referring to quite a lot of things or people. You can also use a good few in this way, mainly in British English.

- I've made this argument, and not a few people would disagree with me.

- I think a good few of the others were like me, a bit confused.

PHR: PHR n, PHR of n emphasis
= many

13. few
If you say that someone has had a few too many or has had a few , you mean that they have drunk too many alcoholic drinks. (INFORMAL)

- A breathalyzer tells you you've a had a few too many.

PHR: V inflects

14. few
You use no fewer than to emphasize that a number is surprisingly large.

- No fewer than thirteen foreign ministers attended the session.

PHR: PHR num emphasis

few

adjective

not many

meagre

negligible

rare

scanty

scarcely any

sparse

sporadic

fey

[D.J.:fei]

[K.K.:fe]

adj.

古怪的, 非现世的

怪异的, 异想天开的

fey

fey
If you describe someone as fey , you mean that they behave in a shy, childish, or unpredictable way, and you are often suggesting that this is unnatural or insincere. (LITERARY)

- They are no longer anything like as fey and reserved as they once were.

- Her fey charm and eccentric ways were legendary.

ADJ-GRADED
= whimsical

fez

[D.J.:fez]

[K.K.:fɛz]

n.

土耳其毡帽

fez

fez fezzes
A fez is a round, red hat with no brim and a flat top.
N-COUNT

ff

abbr.

file finish 锉光

ff

abbr.

file finish 锉光

ff.

abbr.

and the following 及其下,及其后

ff.

abbr.

and the following 及其下,及其后

ff. *

1. ff.
In a book or magazine, when ff. is written it refers to the page or line mentioned and two or more pages or lines after it.

- ...p. 173 ff.

2. ff
In a piece of music, ff is a written abbreviation for fortissimo .

fianc´e *

fianc´e fianc´es
A woman's fianc´e is the man to whom she is engaged to be married.
N-COUNT: usu poss N

fianc´ee *

fianc´ee fianc´ees
A man's fianc´ee is the woman to whom he is engaged to be married.
N-COUNT: usu poss N

fiasco

[D.J.:fi:ˈæskəʊ, -ˈɑ:skəʊ]

[K.K.:fiˈæsko, -ˈɑsko]

n.

彻底失败, 惨败

fiasco *

fiasco fiascos
If you describe an event or attempt to do something as a fiasco , you are emphasizing that it fails completely.

- The blame for the Charleston fiasco did not lie with him.

- It was a bit of a fiasco.

N-COUNT: usu with supp emphasis
= debacle

fiasco

noun

debacle

catastrophe

cock-up Brit. slang

disaster

failure

mess

washout informal

fiat

[D.J.:ˈfi:ət, -ˌæt, -ˌɑ:t, ˈfaɪˌæt, -ət]

[K.K.:ˈfiət, -ˌæt, -ˌɑt, ˈfaɪˌæt, -ət]

n.

命令, 法令;许可, 认可

fiat

fiat fiats
If something is done by fiat , it is done because of an official order given by someone in authority. (FORMAL)

- He has tried to impose solutions to the country's problems by fiat.

N-COUNT: also by N

fib

[D.J.:fɪb]

[K.K.:fɪb]

n.

小谎,无关紧要的谎话

vi.

撒小谎

fibber

n.

惯撒小谎的人

fibber

n.

撒小谎者

fib

1. fib fibs
A fib is a small, unimportant lie. (INFORMAL)

- She told innocent fibs like anyone else.

N-COUNT
= untruth

2. fib fibs fibbing fibbed
If someone is fibbing , they are telling lies. (INFORMAL)

- He laughs loudly when I accuse him of fibbing.

VB

fib

noun

lie

fiction

story

untruth

white lie

fibre

[D.J.:ˈfaibə]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪbɚ]

n.

(动植物的)纤维

纤维质

fibre **

1. fibre fibres
A fibre is a thin thread of a natural or artificial substance, especially one that is used to make cloth or rope.

- If you look at the paper under a microscope you will see the fibres.

- ...a variety of coloured fibres.

N-COUNT (AM) fiber
= strand

2. fibre fibres
A particular fibre is a type of cloth or other material that is made from or consists of threads.

- The ball is made of rattan -- a natural fibre.

N-VAR (AM) fiber

3. fibre
Fibre consists of the parts of plants or seeds that your body cannot digest. Fibre is useful because it makes food pass quickly through your body.

- Most vegetables contain fibre.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) fiber

4. fibre fibres
A fibre is a thin piece of flesh like a thread which connects nerve cells in your body or which muscles are made of.

- ...the nerve fibres.

N-COUNT (AM) fiber

5. fibre
If you say that you feel something with every fibre of your being , you mean that you feel it very deeply. (LITERARY)

- I wanted to be an actress with every fibre of my being.

PHR (AM) fiber
See also moral fibre .

fibre

noun

1.

thread

filament

pile

strand

texture

wisp

2.

essence

nature

quality

spirit

substance

moral fibre

3.

resolution

stamina

strength

toughness

fibreglass

n.

玻璃纤维,玻璃丝

fibreglass

1. fibreglass
Fibreglass is plastic strengthened with short, thin threads of glass.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) fiberglass

2. fibreglass
Fibreglass is a material made from short, thin threads of glass which can be used to stop heat escaping.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) fiberglass

fibre optics

1. fibre optics
Fibre optics is the use of long thin threads of glass to carry information in the form of light.
N-UNCOUNT The spelling fiber optics is also used in American English. The form fibre optic is used as a modifier.

2. fibre optics
Fibre optic means relating to or involved in fibre optics.

- ...fibre optic cables.

ADJ: ADJ n The spelling fiber optics is also used in American English. The form fibre optic is used as a modifier.

fibroid

[D.J.:ˈfaibrɔid]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪˌbrɔɪd]

adj.

纤维性的,纤维状的

n.

纤维瘤

fibroid

fibroid fibroids
Fibroids are lumps of fibrous tissue that form in a woman's womb, often causing pain. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl

fibrous

[D.J.:ˈfaibrəs]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪbrəs]

adj.

含纤维的,纤维性的

fibrous

fibrous
A fibrous object or substance contains a lot of fibres or fibre, or looks as if it does.

- Blood vessels are made up of layers of muscular, elastic and fibrous tissue.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

fibula

[D.J.:ˈfibjulə]

[K.K.:ˈfɪbjələ]

n.

腓骨,(古希腊、罗马)搭扣,扣针

fibulae

n.

搭扣,扣针

fibula

fibula fibulae
Your fibula is the outer bone of the two bones in the lower part of your leg. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

fickle

[D.J.:ˈfɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈfɪkəl]

adj.

(爱情、友谊等)易变的,无常的

fickleness

n.

易变,无常

fickleness

n.

浮躁,变化无常

fickle *

1. fickle
If you describe someone as fickle , you disapprove of them because they keep changing their mind about what they like or want.

- The group has been notoriously fickle in the past.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= capricious

2. fickleness

- ...the fickleness of businessmen and politicians.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. fickle
If you say that something is fickle , you mean that it often changes and is unreliable.

- Orta's weather can be fickle.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ dependable

fickle

adjective

changeable

capricious

faithless

inconstant

irresolute

temperamental

unfaithful

variable

volatile

fiction

[D.J.:ˈfikʃən]

[K.K.:ˈfɪkʃən]

n.

小说

虚构的或想像出的事, 并非完全真实的事

fiction **

1. fiction
Fiction refers to books and stories about imaginary people and events, rather than books about real people or events.

- Immigrant tales have always been popular themes in fiction.

- Diana is a writer of historical fiction.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
≠ non-fiction

See also science fiction .

2. fiction
A statement or account that is fiction is not true.

- The truth or fiction of this story has never been truly determined.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ fact

3. fiction fictions
If something is a fiction , it is not true, although people sometimes pretend that it is true.

- Total recycling is a fiction.

N-COUNT
≠ fact

fiction

noun

1.

tale

fantasy

legend

myth

novel

romance

story

yarn informal

2.

lie

cock and bull story informal

fabrication

falsehood

invention

tall story

untruth

urban legend

fictional

[D.J.:ˈfɪkʃənl]

[K.K.: ˈfɪkʃənl..]

adj.

虚构的;小说的

fictional *

fictional
Fictional characters or events occur only in stories, plays, or films and never actually existed or happened.

- It is drama featuring fictional characters.

- Ulverton is a fictional village on the Wessex Downs.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= imaginary

fictional

adjective

imaginary

invented

legendary

made-up

nonexistent

unreal

fictionalize

[D.J.:ˈfikʃənəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈfɪkʃənəˌlaɪz]

v.

把(历史事件等)编成小说,使小说化

fictionalize

fictionalize fictionalizes fictionalizing fictionalized
To fictionalize an account of something that really happened means to tell it as a story, with some details changed or added.

- We had to fictionalize names.

- ...a fictionalised account of a true and horrific story.

VB (BRIT) also fictionalise

fictitious

[D.J.:fɪkˈtɪʃəs]

[K.K.:fɪkˈtɪʃəs]

adj.

假的, 虚构的, 编造的, 假设的, 假装的

fictitious *

1. fictitious
Fictitious is used to describe something that is false or does not exist, although some people claim that it is true or exists.

- We're interested in the source of these fictitious rumours.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= non-existent

2. fictitious
A fictitious character, thing, or event occurs in a story, play, or film but never really existed or happened.

- The persons and events portrayed in this production are fictitious.

ADJ
= imaginary

fictitious

adjective

false

bogus

fabricated

imaginary

invented

made-up

make-believe

mythical

untrue

fiddle

[D.J.:ˈfidl]

[K.K.:ˈfɪdl]

n.

欺诈, 欺骗行为

(需要运用手指功夫的)细巧活动

小提琴

当第二把手, 居次要地位

vt.

伪造, 篡改

骗取

修理或稍作改动

vi.

用手胡乱拨弄

拉小提琴

fiddling

[D.J.:ˈfidliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfɪdlɪŋ]

adj.

无足轻重地,微不足道地,无用的

fiddle *

1. fiddle fiddles fiddling fiddled
If you fiddle with an object, you keep moving it or touching it with your fingers.

- Harriet fiddled with a pen on the desk.

VB

2. fiddle fiddles fiddling fiddled
If you fiddle with something, you change it in minor ways.

- She told Whistler that his portrait of her was finished and to stop fiddling with it.

VB

3. fiddle fiddles fiddling fiddled
If you fiddle with a machine, you adjust it.

- He turned on the radio and fiddled with the knob until he got a talk show.

VB

4. fiddle fiddles fiddling fiddled
If someone fiddles financial documents, they alter them dishonestly so that they get money for themselves. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He's been fiddling the books.

- Stop fiddling your expenses account.

VB

5. fiddle fiddles
A fiddle is a dishonest action or scheme in which someone gets money for themselves. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Police investigating a £10 million car insurance fiddle arrested 16 people yesterday.

- ...legitimate businesses that act as covers for tax fiddles.

N-COUNT: oft supp N
= swindle

6. fiddle
If something is a fiddle , it is quite difficult to do because it involves small or complicated objects. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I found out how to fix the tray on -- a bit of a fiddle

N-SING: a N

7. fiddle fiddles
Some people call violins fiddles , especially when they are used to play folk music.

- Hardy as a young man played the fiddle at local dances.

N-VAR: oft the N
= violin

8. fiddle
Someone who is as fit as a fiddle is very healthy and full of energy.

- I'm as fit as a fiddle -- with energy to spare.

PHR: v-link PHR

9. fiddle
If someone is on the fiddle , they get money by doing illegal or dishonest things. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
PHR: v-link PHR

10. fiddle
If you say that someone is fiddling while Rome burns , you mean that they are not dealing with a difficult or dangerous situation but instead are doing useless things or pretending that nothing is wrong.
PHR: V inflects

11. fiddle
If you play second fiddle to someone, your position is less important than theirs in something that you are doing together.

- She hated the thought of playing second fiddle to Rose.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR to n

fiddling

1. fiddling
Fiddling is the practice of getting money dishonestly by altering financial documents. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Salomon's fiddling is likely to bring big trouble for the firm.

N-UNCOUNT

2. fiddling
Violin playing, especially in folk music, is sometimes referred to as fiddling .
N-UNCOUNT

3. fiddling
You can describe something as fiddling if it is small, unimportant, or difficult to do.

- One reason it gives for the lack of progress is the daunting amount of fiddling technical detail.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

fiddle

verb

1.

fidget

finger

interfere with

mess about or around

play

tamper with

tinker

2.

cheat

cook the books informal

diddle informal

fix

swindle

wangle informal

noun

3.

violin

4.

fraud

fix

racket

scam slang

swindle

fit as a fiddle

5.

healthy

blooming

hale and hearty

in fine fettle

in good form

in good shape

in rude health

in the pink

sound

strong

fiddling

adjective Informal

trivial

futile

insignificant

pettifogging

petty

trifling

fiddle around *

1. fiddle around fiddles around; fiddling around; fiddled around
If you fiddle around or fiddle about with a machine, you do things to it to try and make it work.

- Two of them got out to fiddle around with the engine.

PHR-V (BRIT) also fiddle about
= tinker

2. fiddle around fiddles around; fiddling around; fiddled around
If someone fiddles around or fiddles about , they waste time doing unimportant things instead of dealing with important problems.

- He wants lawmakers to basically stop fiddling around as the country moves closer to breaking up.

- He wastes time fiddling about with minor matters.

PHR-V disapproval

3. fiddle around fiddles around; fiddling around; fiddled around
If you say that someone is fiddling around with or fiddling about with something, you mean that they are changing it in a way that you disapprove of.

- Right now in Congress, they're fiddling around with the budget and so on.

- One always wonders when a man starts fiddling about with his Will.

PHR-V disapproval

fiddler

[ˈfidlə]

n.

拉提琴的人,小提琴家,胡乱拨弄者,(账目等的弄虚作假,蟹的一种

fiddler *

1. fiddler fiddlers
A fiddler is someone who plays the violin, especially one who plays folk music.

- And the fiddler played another little tune.

N-COUNT
= violinist

2. fiddler fiddlers
A fiddler is someone who lies or dishonestly alters financial documents in order to get money for themselves. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Other benefits such as dole money could be frozen and there will be a huge push to weed out fiddlers.

N-COUNT

fiddly

adj.

要求高精度的,需要手巧的

fiddly

fiddly fiddlier fiddliest
Something that is fiddly is difficult to do or use because it involves small or complicated objects. (BRIT)

- It was a time-consuming and fiddly job.

- Fish can be fiddly to cook.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf

fidelity

[D.J.:fiˈdeliti]

[K.K.:fɪˈdɛlɪti, faɪ-]

n.

忠诚, 忠实

忠贞

翔实, 精确, (声音、色彩等)逼真

fidelity *

1. fidelity
Fidelity is loyalty to a person, organization, or set of beliefs. (FORMAL)

- I had to promise fidelity to the Queen.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n
= loyalty ≠ disloyalty

2. fidelity
Fidelity is being loyal to your husband, wife, or partner by not having a sexual relationship with anyone else.

- Wanting fidelity implies you're thinking about a major relationship.

N-UNCOUNT
= faithfulness

3. fidelity
The fidelity of something such as a report or translation is the degree to which it is accurate. (FORMAL)

- ...the fidelity of these early documents.

N-UNCOUNT: with poss, oft N to n
= accuracy

fidelity

noun

1.

loyalty

allegiance

constancy

dependability

devotion

faithfulness

staunchness

trustworthiness

2.

accuracy

closeness

correspondence

exactness

faithfulness

precision

scrupulousness

fidget

[D.J.:ˈfɪdʒɪt]

[K.K.:ˈfɪdʒɪt]

vi.

坐立不安,烦躁

n.

坐立不安的人(尤指儿童)

(一阵)心烦意乱

fidgety

adj.

坐立不安的,不安定的

为琐事操心的

fidgety

[D.J.:ˈfɪdʒɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈfɪdʒɪti]

adj.

不安的；烦躁的

颤动的

为小事操心的

fidget

1. fidget fidgets fidgeting fidgeted
If you fidget , you keep moving your hands or feet slightly or changing your position slightly, for example because you are nervous, bored, or excited.

- Brenda fidgeted in her seat.

VB

2. fidget around; fidgets around; fidgeting around; fidgeted around
Fidget around and fidget about mean the same as fidget .

- There were two new arrivals, fidgeting around, waiting to ask questions.

PHR-V

3. fidget fidgets fidgeting fidgeted
If you fidget with something, you keep moving it or touching it with your fingers with small movements, for example because you are nervous or bored.

- He fidgeted with his tie.

- The priest fidgeted nervously with his black rosary beads.

VB

fidget

verb

1.

move restlessly

fiddle informal

fret

squirm

twitch

noun

the fidgets

2.

restlessness

fidgetiness

jitters informal

nervousness

unease

uneasiness

fidgety

fidgety
Someone who is fidgety keeps fidgeting, for example because they are nervous or bored.
ADJ-GRADED

fidgety

adjective

restless

impatient

jittery informal

jumpy

nervous

on edge

restive

twitchy informal

uneasy

fiduciary

[D.J.:fiˈdju:ʃəri]

[K.K.:fɪˈduʃiˌɛri, -ʃəri, -ˈdju-, faɪ-]

v.

基于信用的,信托的,受信托的

n.

被信托者,受托人

fiduciary

fiduciary
Fiduciary is used to talk about things which relate to a trust, or to the people who are in charge of a trust. (LEGAL)

- They have a case against their directors for breach of fiduciary duty.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

fief

[D.J.:fi:f]

[K.K.:fif]

n.

封地,采邑

fief

fief fiefs
In former times, a fief was a piece of land given to someone by their lord, to whom they had a duty to provide particular services in return.
N-COUNT

field

[D.J.:fi:ld]

[K.K.:fild]

n.

田, 地, 牧场

(作某种用途的)场地, 场所

(矿物的)产地

(学习或研究的)领域

fielding

[ˈfi:ldiŋ]

n.

守备

field ****

1. field fields
A field is an area of grass, for example in a park or on a farm. A field is also an area of land on which a crop is grown.

- ...a field of wheat...

- They went for walks together in the fields.

N-COUNT

2. field fields
A sports field is an area of grass where sports are played.

- ...a football field...

- He was the fastest thing I ever saw on a baseball field.

- Gavin Hastings was helped from the field with ankle injuries.

N-COUNT

3. field fields
A field is an area of land or sea bed under which large amounts of a particular mineral have been found.

- ...an extensive natural gas field in Alaska.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

4. field fields
A magnetic, gravitational, or electric field is the area in which that particular force is strong enough to have an effect.

- Some people are worried that electromagnetic fields from electric power lines could increase the risk of cancer.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

5. field fields
A particular field is a particular subject of study or type of activity.

- Exciting artistic breakthroughs have recently occurred in the fields of painting, sculpture and architecture.

- Each of the authors of the tapes is an expert in his field.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= discipline

6. field fields
You can refer to the area where fighting or other military action in a war takes place as the field or the field of battle.

- We never defeated them on the field of battle.

- ...the need for politicians to leave day-to-day decisions to commanders in the field.

N-COUNT: usu the N, oft N of n

7. field fields
Your field of vision or your visual field is the area that you can see without turning your head.

- Our field of vision is surprisingly wide.

N-COUNT: with supp

8. field fields
The field is a way of referring to all the competitors taking part in a particular race or sports contest.

- Going into the fourth lap, the two most broadly experienced riders led the field.

- The field were so close that they would have caught us if I hadn't begun the sprint.

- ...one of the strongest fields ever assembled for the Women's Bowling Association championship.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu sing, the N

9. field
You use field to describe work or study that is done in a real, natural environment rather than in a theoretical way or in controlled conditions.

- I also conducted a field study among the boys about their attitude to relationships.

- Our teachers took us on field trips to observe plants and animals, firsthand.

- The man offering help is a field worker.

ADJ: ADJ n

10. field fields fielding fielded
In a game of cricket, baseball, or rounders, the team that is fielding is trying to catch the ball, while the other team is trying to hit it.

- When we are fielding, the umpires keep looking at the ball.

VB: usu cont

11. fielding

- At first base he led the league 21 times in fielding.

N-UNCOUNT

12. field fields fielding fielded
If you say that someone fields a question, you mean that they answer it or deal with it, usually successfully. (JOURNALISM)

- He was later shown on television, fielding questions.

VB

13. field fields fielding fielded
If a sports team fields a particular number or type of players, the players are chosen to play for the team on a particular occasion.

- England intend fielding their strongest team in next month's World Youth Championship.

VB

14. field fields fielding fielded
If a candidate in an election is representing a political party, you can say that the party is fielding that candidate. (JOURNALISM)

- There are signs that the new party aims to field candidates in elections scheduled for February next year.

VB
= put up

15. field
If someone is having a field day , they are very busy doing something that they enjoy, even though it may be hurtful for other people.

- In our absence the office gossips are probably having a field day.

- I suspect that the lawyers are going to have a field day before it's all sorted out.

PHR: V inflects

16. field
Work or study that is done in the field is done in a real, natural environment rather than in a theoretical way or in controlled conditions.

- Both Jersey and London zoos are doing major conservation work in captivity and in the field.

PHR: usu PHR after v

17. field
If you say that someone leads the field in a particular activity, you mean that they are better, more active, or more successful than everyone else who is involved in it.

- When it comes to picking up awards they lead the field by miles.

PHR: V inflects

18. field
If someone plays the field , they have a number of different romantic or sexual relationships. (INFORMAL)

- He gave up playing the field and married a year ago.

PHR: V inflects

field

noun

1.

meadow

grassland

green

lea poetic

pasture

2.

competitors

applicants

candidates

competition

contestants

entrants

possibilities

runners

3.

speciality

area

department

discipline

domain

line

province

territory

verb

4.

retrieve

catch

pick up

return

stop

5.

deal with

deflect

handle

turn aside

fielder

[D.J.:ˈfi:ldə]

[K.K.:ˈfildɚ]

n.

外野手,接球者

fielder *

fielder fielders
A fielder is a player in cricket, baseball, or rounders who is fielding or one who has a particular skill at fielding.

- The fielders crouch around the batsman's wicket.

N-COUNT

field event

field event field events
A field event is an athletics contest such as the high jump or throwing the discus or javelin, rather than a race.
N-COUNT

field-glasses

双筒望远镜

field-glasses

field-glasses
Field-glasses are binoculars . (FORMAL)
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N also field glasses .

field hand

field hand field hands
A field hand is someone who is employed to work on a farm. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

field hockey

field hockey
Field hockey is an outdoor game played on a grass field between two teams of 11 players who use long curved sticks to hit a small ball and try to score goals. (AM; in BRIT use hockey )
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

field marshal *

field marshal
A field marshal is an officer in the army who has the highest rank.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE also field-marshal .

field mouse

field mouse field mice
A field mouse is a mouse with a long tail that lives in fields and woods.
N-COUNT also fieldmouse .

field sport

field sport field sports
Hunting, shooting birds, and fishing with a rod are referred to as field sports when they are done mainly for pleasure.
N-COUNT: usu pl

field-test

vt.

实施现场试验

field-test

1. field-test field-tests field-testing field-tested
If you field-test a new piece of equipment, you test it in a real, natural environment.

- We've field-tested them ourselves and are happy that they work.

VB also field test .

2. field-test field-tests
Also a noun.

- Field tests are to be carried out at Blair Castle and Burghley.

N-COUNT also field test .

fieldwork

[D.J.:ˈfi:ldwə:k]

[K.K.:ˈfildˌwɚk]

n.

野战工事,野外工作,实地调查,现场工作

fieldwork

fieldwork
Fieldwork is the gathering of information about something in a real, natural environment, rather than in a place of study such as a laboratory or classroom.

- ...anthropological fieldwork.

N-UNCOUNT

fiend

[D.J.:fi:nd]

[K.K.:find]

n.

恶魔,魔鬼

…迷,…狂

fiendlike

adj.

魔鬼似的

fiendlike

恶魔似的

fiend

1. fiend fiends
If you describe someone as a fiend , you mean that they are extremely wicked or cruel. (WRITTEN)

- ...such a saint to his patients and such a fiend to his children.

N-COUNT
= monster

2. fiend fiends
Fiend can be used after a noun to refer to a person who is very interested in the thing mentioned, and enjoys having a lot of it or doing it often.

- ...if you're a heavy coffee drinker or strong-tea fiend.

N-COUNT: n N

fiend

noun

1.

demon

devil

evil spirit

2.

brute

barbarian

beast

ghoul

monster

ogre

savage

3.

enthusiast

addict

fanatic

freak informal

maniac

fiendish

[D.J.:ˈfi:ndɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈfindɪʃ]

adj.

残酷的,凶猛的

刁钻的,棘手的;非常不愉快的,难处理的

(困难、机敏等)非常的,极度的

fiendishly

adv.

残酷地,凶猛地;刁钻地,棘手地;非常,极度

fiendishness

n.

残酷,凶猛;刁钻,棘手

fiendishly

[ˈfi:ndiʃli]

adv.

恶魔似地,极坏地

fiendish

1. fiendish
A fiendish plan, action, or device is very clever or imaginative. (INFORMAL)

- ...a fiendish plot.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= devilish

2. fiendishly

- This figure is reached by a fiendishly clever equation.

ADV: usu ADV adj

3. fiendish
A fiendish problem or task is very difficult and challenging. (INFORMAL)

- A rather neat option allows you to design your own fiendish puzzle.

- ...the fiendish difficulty of the questions.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= infernal

4. fiendishly

- America's trade laws are fiendishly complex.

ADV: ADV adj

5. fiendish
A fiendish person enjoys being cruel.

- This was a fiendish act of wickedness.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

fiendish

adjective Informal

wicked

cruel

devilish

diabolical

hellish

infernal

malignant

monstrous

satanic

unspeakable

fierce

[D.J.:fiəs]

[K.K.:fɪrs]

adj.

凶猛的; 凶狠的

强烈的, 极度的; 酷烈的, 激烈的

fiercely

[D.J.:ˈfɪəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfɪrslɪ]

adv.

凶猛地;残酷地

猛烈地;激烈地；狂暴地

强烈地;极度地

fierce ***

1. fierce fiercer fiercest
A fierce animal or person is very aggressive or angry.

- They look like the teeth of some fierce animal.

ADJ-GRADED
= ferocious

2. fiercely

- `I don't know,' she said fiercely.

ADV-GRADED

3. fierce fiercer fiercest
Fierce feelings or actions are very intense or enthusiastic, or involve great activity.

- Competition has been fierce to win a stake in Skoda.

- The town was captured after a fierce battle with rebels at the weekend.

- He inspires fierce loyalty in his friends.

ADJ-GRADED

4. fiercely

- He has always been ambitious and fiercely competitive.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

5. fierce fiercer fiercest
Fierce conditions are very intense, great, or strong.

- Polish climbers were trapped by a fierce storm which went on for five days.

ADJ-GRADED

6. fiercely

- As I arrived a lorry had just been set on fire and was burning fiercely.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

fierce

adjective

1.

wild

brutal

cruel

dangerous

ferocious

fiery

menacing

savage

vicious

2.

strong

furious

howling

inclement

powerful

raging

stormy

tempestuous

violent

3.

intense

cut-throat

keen

relentless

strong

fiercely

adverb

ferociously

furiously

passionately

savagely

tempestuously

tigerishly

tooth and nail

viciously

with no holds barred

fiery

[D.J.:ˈfaiəri]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪri, ˈfaɪəri]

adj.

燃烧的; 火似的; 火热的

激烈的, 易怒的, 暴躁的

fiery *

1. fiery
If you describe something as fiery , you mean that it is burning strongly or contains fire. (LITERARY)

- A helicopter crashed in a fiery explosion in Vallejo.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= flaming

2. fiery fieriest
You can use fiery for emphasis when you are referring to bright colours such as red or orange. (LITERARY)

- A large terracotta pot planted with Busy Lizzie provides a fiery bright red display.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis

3. fiery fieriest
If you describe food or drink as fiery , you mean that it has a very strong hot or spicy taste. (WRITTEN)

- A fiery combination of chicken, chillies and rice.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= spicy

4. fiery fieriest
If you describe someone as fiery , you mean that they express very strong emotions, especially anger, in their behaviour or speech. (WRITTEN)

- She was a fiery, brilliant and unyielding intellectual and politician.

- She had a fiery temper and liked to get her own way.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

fiery

adjective

1.

burning

ablaze

afire

aflame

blazing

flaming

on fire

2.

excitable

fierce

hot-headed

impetuous

irascible

irritable

passionate

fiesta

[D.J.:ˈfi:estɑ:]

[K.K.:fiˈɛstə]

n.

〈西〉(尤指西班牙和南美的)宗教狂欢节日

fiesta

fiesta fiestas
A fiesta is a time of public entertainment and parties, usually on a special religious holiday, especially in Spain or Latin America.
N-COUNT

fife

[D.J.:faif]

[K.K.:faɪf]

n.

横笛,吹横笛

v.

吹横笛

fife

fife fifes
A fife is a musical instrument like a small flute.

- ...a fife and drum band.

N-COUNT

fifteen

[D.J.:fɪfˈti:n]

[K.K.:fɪfˈtin]

num.

十五

adj.

十五的

十五岁

fifteen *****

1. fifteen
Fifteen is the number 15.
NUM

2. fifteen fifteens
A rugby-union team can be referred to as a fifteen .
N-COUNT-COLL

fifteenth

[D.J.:fɪfˈti:nθ]

[K.K.:fɪfˈtinθ]

adj.

(与the连用)第十五的,第十五个的

十五分之一的

n.

(与the连用)第十五(个);月的第十五日

十五分之一

fifteenth ****

fifteenth
The fifteenth item in a series is the one that you count as number fifteen.
ORD

fifth

[D.J.:fɪfθ]

[K.K.:fɪfθ]

num.

第五

fifthly

adv.

第五

F- Avenue

纽约第五街

fifthly

[ˈfifθli]

adv.

第五,第五地

fifth ****

1. fifth
The fifth item in a series is the one that you count as number five.

- Joe has recently returned from his fifth trip to Australia.

ORD

2. fifth
A fifth is one of five equal parts of something.

- India spends over a fifth of its budget on defence.

FRACTION

fifth columnist

fifth columnist fifth columnists
A fifth columnist is someone who secretly supports and helps the enemies of the country or organization they are in.
N-COUNT
= traitor

fiftieth

[D.J.:ˈfiftiiθ]

[K.K.:ˈfɪftiɪθ]

adj. & n.

第五十

fiftieth ****

fiftieth
The fiftieth item in a series is the one that you count as number fifty.
ORD

fifty

[D.J.:ˈfɪfti:]

[K.K.:ˈfɪfti]

num.

五十

fifty *****

1. fifty
Fifty is the number 50.
NUM

2. fifty fifties
When you talk about the fifties , you are referring to numbers between 50 and 59. For example, if you are in your fifties , you are aged between 50 and 59. If the temperature is in the fifties , the temperature is between 50 and 59 degrees.

- I probably look as if I'm in my fifties rather than my seventies.

N-PLURAL

3. fifty fifties
The fifties is the decade between 1950 and 1959.

- He began performing in the early fifties, singing and playing guitar.

N-PLURAL: the N

fifty-fifty

[D.J.:ˈfiftiˈfifti]

[K.K.:ˌfɪftiˈfɪfti]

adj.

平分为二的

adv.

对半地,平分为二分地

fifty-fifty

1. fifty-fifty
If something such money or property is divided or shared fifty-fifty between two people, each person gets half of it. (INFORMAL)

- The proceeds of the sale are split fifty-fifty.

ADV: ADV after v

2. fifty-fifty
Also an adjective.

- The new firm was owned on a fifty-fifty basis by the two parent companies.

ADJ

3. fifty-fifty
If there is a fifty-fifty chance of something happening, it is equally likely to happen as it is not to happen. (INFORMAL)

- You've got a fifty-fifty chance of being right.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

fig

[D.J.:fɪg]

[K.K.:fɪɡ]

n.

无花果

not give a fig about

对…丝毫不在乎

fig.

[D.J.:fɪg]

[K.K.:fɪɡ]

abbr.

(书写形式)图,表

(书写形式)比喻的,譬如说

fig *

1. fig figs
A fig is a soft sweet fruit that grows in hot countries. It is full of tiny seeds and is often eaten dried.
N-COUNT

2. fig figs
A fig or a fig tree is a tree on which figs grow.
N-COUNT

3. fig
If you say that someone doesn't care a fig or doesn't give a fig about something, you are emphasizing that they think it is unimportant or that they are not interested in it. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- I do not give a fig what society thinks.

PHR: with brd-neg, V inflects, oft PHR about/for n emphasis

fig. *

1. fig.
In books and magazines, fig. is used as an abbreviation for figure in order to tell the reader which picture or diagram is being referred to.

- Draw the basic outlines in black felt-tip pen (see fig. 4).

2. fig.
In some dictionaries and language books, fig. is used as an abbreviation for figurative .

fight

[D.J.:fait]

[K.K.:faɪt]

vt. & vi.

战斗, 斗争

打架, 吵架

n.

打架, 吵架

战斗, 斗争

斗志

fighting

[D.J.:ˈfaɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪtɪŋ]

adj.

作战用的

适于打斗的

n.

战斗；搏斗

a fighting chance

微小但值得一搏的机会

fighting spirit

斗志

fighting talk

宣战言论；挑战声明

fought

[D.J.:fɔ:t]

[K.K.:fɔt]

fight的过去式和过去分词

fight *****

1. fight fights fighting fought
If you fight something unpleasant, you try in a determined way to prevent it or stop it happening.

- Mother Teresa is an elderly nun who has devoted her life to fighting poverty.

- More units to fight forest fires are planned.

- I've spent a lifetime fighting against racism and prejudice.

VB

2. fight fights
Also a noun.

- ...the fight against drug addiction.

N-COUNT: oft N against n

3. fight fights fighting fought
If you fight for something, you try in a determined way to get it or achieve it.

- Our Government should be fighting for an end to food subsidies.

- Lee had to fight hard for his place on the expedition.

- I told him how we had fought to hold on to the company.

- The team has fought its way to the cup final.

VB

4. fight fights
Also a noun.

- I too am committing myself to continue the fight for justice.

N-COUNT: usu N for n
= battle

5. fight fights fighting fought
If an army or group fights a battle with another army or group, they oppose each other with weapons. You can also say that two armies or groups fight a battle.

- The two men fought a battle over land and water rights.

- In the latest incident at the weekend police fought a gun battle with a gang which used hand grenades against them.

- The Sioux had always fought other tribes for territorial rights.

V-RECIP

6. fight fights fighting fought
If a person or army fights in a battle or a war, they take part in it.

- He fought in the war and was taken prisoner by the Americans.

- If I were a young man I would sooner go to prison than fight for this country.

- My father did leave his university to fight the Germans.

- Last month rebels fought their way into the capital.

VB
See also dogfight .

7. fighting

- More than nine hundred people have died in the fighting.

N-UNCOUNT

8. fight fights fighting fought
If one person fights with another, or fights them, the two people hit or kick each other because they want to hurt each other. You can also say that two people fight .

- As a child she fought with her younger sister.

- I did fight him, I punched him but it was like hitting a wall.

- He wrenched the crutch from Jacob, who didn't fight him for it.

- I refuse to act that way when my kids fight.

- You get a lot of unruly drunks fighting each other.

V-RECIP

9. fight fights
Also a noun.

- He had had a fight with Smith and bloodied his nose.

N-COUNT: oft N with n

10. fight fights fighting fought
If one person fights with another, or fights them, they have an angry disagreement or quarrel. You can also say that two people fight . (INFORMAL)

- She was always arguing with him and fighting with him.

- Gwendolen started fighting her teachers.

- Mostly, they fight about paying bills.

V-RECIP
= quarrel argue

11. fight fights
Also a noun.

- We think maybe he took off because he had a big fight with his dad the night before.

N-COUNT

12. fight fights fighting fought
If you fight your way to a place, you move towards it with great difficulty, for example because there are a lot of people or obstacles in your way.

- I fought my way into a carriage just before the doors closed.

- Peter fought his way through a blizzard to save one of the chickens.

VB
= battle

13. fight fights
A fight is a boxing match.

- This was Hyer's last fight, for no one else challenged him.

- The referee stopped the fight.

N-COUNT
= bout

14. fight fights fighting fought
To fight means to take part in a boxing match.

- In a few hours' time one of the world's most famous boxers will be fighting in Britain for the first time.

- I'd like to fight him because he's undefeated and I want to be the first man to beat him.

- I'd like to fight him for the title.

VB

15. fight fights fighting fought
If you fight an election, you are a candidate in the election and try to win it.

- The former party treasurer helped raise almost £40 million to fight the election campaign.

VB

16. fight fights
You can use fight to refer to a contest such as an election or a sports match. (JOURNALISM)

- In the fight for the US Presidency, round two was a disaster for George Bush.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= contest

17. fight fights fighting fought
If you fight a case or a court action, you make a legal case against someone in a very determined way, or you put forward a defence when a legal case is made against you.

- Watkins sued the Army and fought his case in various courts for 10 years.

- The newspaper is fighting a damages action brought by the actress.

VB

18. fight
Fight is the desire or ability to keep fighting.

- I thought that we had a lot of fight in us.

N-UNCOUNT

19. fight fights fighting fought
If you fight an emotion or desire, you try very hard not to feel it, show it, or act on it, but do not always succeed.

- I desperately fought the urge to giggle.

- He fought with the urge to smoke one of the cigars he'd given up awhile ago.

- He fought to be patient with her.

VB
= resist

20. fight
If you fight for breath , you try to breathe but find it very difficult.
PHR: V inflects

21. fight
If you have a fighting chance of doing or achieving something, it is possible that you will do or achieve it, but only if you make a great effort or are very lucky.

- When they didn't shoot at me right away, I figured I had a fighting chance.

PHR: usu PHR after v

22. fight
If you describe someone as fighting fit , you are emphasizing that they are very fit or healthy. (BRIT)

- After a good night's sleep I feel fighting fit again.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

23. fight
Someone who is fighting for their life is making a great effort to stay alive, either when they are being physically attacked or when they are very ill.

- He is still fighting for his life in hospital.

PHR: V inflects

fought

Fought is the past tense and past participle of fight .

fight

verb

1.

battle

box

clash

combat

do battle

grapple

spar

struggle

tussle

wrestle

2.

oppose

contest

defy

dispute

make a stand against

resist

stand up to

withstand

3.

engage in

carry on

conduct

prosecute

wage

noun

4.

conflict

battle

clash

contest

dispute

duel

encounter

struggle

tussle

5.

resistance

belligerence

militancy

pluck

spirit

fight back *****

1. fight back fights back; fighting back; fought back
If you fight back against someone or something that is attacking or harming you, you resist them actively or attack them.

- The teenage attackers fled when the two men fought back.

- We should take some comfort from the ability of the judicial system to fight back against corruption.

PHR-V

2. fight back fights back; fighting back; fought back
If you fight back an emotion or a desire, you try very hard not to feel it, show it, or act on it.

- She fought back the tears.

PHR-V
= hold back

fight down *****

fight down fights down; fighting down; fought down
If you fight down an emotion or a desire, you try very hard not to feel it, show it, or act on it.

- Meg fought down the desire to run.

- He looked at the telephone, fighting down first the despair and then the anger.

PHR-V
= hold back

fight off *****

1. fight off fights off; fighting off; fought off
If you fight off something, for example an illness or an unpleasant feeling, you succeed in getting rid of it and in not letting it overcome you.

- Unfortunately these drugs are quite toxic and hinder the body's ability to fight off infection.

- All day she had fought off the impulse to telephone Harry.

PHR-V
= overcome

2. fight off fights off; fighting off; fought off
If you fight off someone who has attacked you, you fight with them, and succeed in making them go away or stop attacking you.

- The woman fought off the attacker.

PHR-V

fight off

verb

repel

beat off

keep or hold at bay

repress

repulse

resist

stave off

ward off

fight out *****

fight out fights out; fighting out; fought out
If two people or groups fight something out , they fight or argue until one of them wins.

- Instead of retaliating, he gets up and walks away leaving his team-mates to fight it out.

- Malcolm continued to fight it out with Julien from his self-imposed exile in Paris.

PHR-V-RECIP

fightback

[ˈfaitbæk]

n.

〈英〉回击;反攻

fightback

fightback
A fightback is an effort made by a person or group of people to get back into a strong position when they seem likely to lose something such as an election or an important sports match. (JOURNALISM) (BRIT; in AM use comeback )

- The West Indies have staged a dramatic fightback on the first day of the fifth test.

N-SING

fighter

[D.J.:ˈfaɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪtɚ]

n.

战士(尤指士兵或拳击者)

fighter plane

战斗机,歼击机

fighter ***

1. fighter fighters
A fighter or a fighter plane is a fast military aircraft that is used for destroying other aircraft.
N-COUNT

2. fighter fighters
If you describe someone as a fighter , you approve of them because they continue trying to achieve things in spite of great difficulties or opposition.

- From the start it was clear this tiny girl was a real fighter.

N-COUNT approval

3. fighter fighters
A fighter is a person who physically fights another person, especially a professional boxer.

- ...a tough little street fighter.

N-COUNT

fighter

noun

1.

soldier

fighting man

man-at-arms

warrior

2.

boxer

prize fighter

pugilist

fig leaf

1. fig leaf fig leaves
A fig leaf is a large leaf which comes from the fig tree. A fig leaf is sometimes used in painting and sculpture to cover the genitals of a naked body.
N-COUNT

2. fig leaf fig leaves
People sometimes refer disapprovingly to something which is intended to hide or prevent an embarrassing situation as a fig leaf . (JOURNALISM)

- This deal is little more than a fig leaf for the continued destruction of the landscape.

N-COUNT: usu with supp disapproval

figment

[D.J.:ˈfɪgmənt]

[K.K.:ˈfɪɡmənt]

n.

虚构的事物

a figment of sb’s imagination

臆造的事物；虛构的事

figment

figment
If you say that something is a figment of someone's imagination , you mean that it does not really exist and that they are just imagining it.

- The attack wasn't just a figment of my imagination.

PHR: Ns inflect, usu v-link PHR

figurative

[D.J.:ˈfɪgjərətɪv]

[K.K.:ˈfɪɡjərətɪv]

adj.

(用词上)形象的,比喻的

figuratively

adv.

形象地,比喻地

figurativeness

n.

比喻

figuratively

[D.J.:ˈfɪ gjʊrətɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfɪɡjərətɪvlɪ]

adv.

比喻地;象征性地

figurativeness

形象性

figurative *

1. figurative
If you use a word or expression in a figurative sense, you use it with a more abstract or imaginative meaning than its ordinary literal one.

- ...an event that will change your route -- in both the literal and figurative sense.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ literal

2. figuratively

- Europe, with Germany literally and figuratively at its centre, is still at the start of a remarkable transformation.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV with v

3. figurative
Figurative art is a style of art in which people and things are shown in a realistic way.

- His career spanned some 50 years and encompassed both abstract and figurative painting.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ abstract

figure

[D.J.:ˈfiɡə]

[K.K.:ˈfɪɡjɚ]

n.

数字

图解, 图表; 装饰性的图案

人或动物的像, 画像, 肖像

轮廓, 人影, 身材, 体态, 风姿

算术, 计算

vi.

出现, 被提及

vt.

计算在内

估计, 有可能; 认为, 料想

figured

[D.J.:ˈfiɡəd]

[K.K.:ˈfɪɡjəd]

adj.

以图形和数字表示的,华丽的

figuring

[ˈfiɡəriŋ]

n.

姓劻(光学玻璃冷加工)

figure *****

1. figure figures
A figure is a particular amount expressed as a number, especially a statistic.

- It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job.

- It will not be long before the inflation figure starts to fall.

- New Government figures predict that one in two marriages will end in divorce.

N-COUNT

2. figure figures
A figure is any of the ten written symbols from 0 to 9 that are used to represent a number.
N-COUNT
= digit

3. figure figures
An amount or number that is in single figures is between zero and nine. An amount or number that is in double figures is between ten and ninety-nine. You can also say, for example, that an amount or number is in three figures when it is between one hundred and nine hundred and ninety-nine.

- Inflation, which has usually been in single figures, is running at more than 12%.

- Crawley, with 14, was the only other player to reach double figures.

- The thermometer nudged three figures yesterday in Rome.

N-PLURAL: adj/num N

4. figure figures
You refer to someone that you can see as a figure when you cannot see them clearly or when you are describing them.

- Alistair saw the dim figure of Rose in the chair.

- She waited, standing on the bridge, until his figure vanished against the grey backdrop of the Palace.

- A figure in a blue dress appeared in the doorway.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n
= form

5. figure figures
In art, a figure is a person in a drawing or a painting, or a statue of a person.

- ...a life-size bronze figure of a brooding, hooded woman.

N-COUNT

6. figure figures
Your figure is the shape of your body.

- Take pride in your health and your figure.

- Janet was a natural blonde with a good figure.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft poss/adj N

7. figure figures
Someone who is referred to as a figure of a particular kind is a person who is well-known and important in some way.

- The movement is supported by key figures in the three main political parties.

N-COUNT: with supp
= personage

8. figure figures
If you say that someone is, for example, a mother figure or a hero figure , you mean that other people regard them as the type of person stated or suggested.

- Men often feel the need for a mother figure who is not in fact related to them.

- Daniel Boone, the great hero figure of the frontier.

- Local police chiefs should re-emerge as figures of authority and reassurance in their areas.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu n N, N of n

9. figure figures
In books and magazines, the diagrams which help to show or explain information are referred to as figures .

- If you look at a world map (see Figure 1) you can identify the major wine-producing regions.

- Figure 1.15 shows which provinces lost populations between 1910 and 1920.

N-COUNT: also N num
= diagram

10. figure figures
In geometry, a figure is a shape, especially a regular shape. (TECHNICAL)

- Draw a pentagon, a regular five-sided figure.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

11. figure figures figuring figured
If you figure that something is the case, you think or guess that it is the case. (INFORMAL)

- She figured that both she and Ned had learned a lot from the experience.

VB

12. figure figures figuring figured
If you say `That figures ' or `It figures ', you mean that the fact referred to is not surprising. (INFORMAL)

- When I finished, he said, `Yeah. That figures'.

- Work it out and you'll find it figures.

VB

13. figure figures figuring figured
If a person or thing figures in something, they appear in or are included in it.

- Human rights violations figured prominently in the report.

VB: no passive

14. figure
If you say that someone cuts a particular figure , you mean that they appear to other people in the way described.

- Today she cuts a lonely figure.

PHR: V inflects

15. figure
If you describe someone as a figure of fun , you mean that people think they are ridiculous.

- The man has become an unlikely figure of fun.

PHR: figure inflects

16. figure
If you keep your figure , you stay thin. If you lose your figure , you become rather fat.

- You'll lose your girlish figure if you don't watch out.

PHR: V and N inflect

17. figure
When you put a figure on an amount, you say exactly how much it is.

- No one will put a figure on the final cost of this reconstruction.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n, usu with brd-neg

figure

noun

1.

number

character

digit

numeral

symbol

2.

amount

cost

price

sum

total

value

3.

shape

body

build

frame

physique

proportions

4.

diagram

design

drawing

illustration

pattern

representation

sketch

5.

character

big name

celebrity

dignitary

personality

verb

6.

calculate

compute

count

reckon

tally

tot up

work out

usually with in 7.

feature

act

appear

be featured

contribute to

play a part

figure on *****

figure on figures on; figuring on; figured on
If you figure on something, you plan that it will happen or assume that it will happen when making your plans. (INFORMAL)

- Jack worked as hard as he could to build his business, but he hadn't figured on a few obstacles.

PHR-V
= bargain for

figure out *****

1. figure out figures out; figuring out; figured out
If you figure out a solution to a problem or the reason for something, you succeed in solving it or understanding it. (INFORMAL)

- It took them about one month to figure out how to start the equipment.

- They're trying to figure out the politics of this whole situation.

- I don't have to be a detective to figure that out.

PHR-V
= work out

2. figure up figures up; figuring up; figured up
If you figure up a cost or amount, you add numbers together to get the total. (mainly AM)

- He figured up the balance in their checking account.

PHR-V
= calculate

figure out

verb

1.

calculate

compute

reckon

work out

2.

understand

comprehend

decipher

fathom

make out

see

-figure

-figure
-figure combines with a number, usually `five', `six', or `seven', to form adjectives which say how many figures are in a number. These adjectives usually describe a large amount of money. For example, a six-figure sum is between 100,000 and 999,999.

- Columbia Pictures paid him a six-figure sum for the film rights.

- ...collectors' pieces which change hands for five-figure sums.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

figure eight

figure eight figure eights
A figure eight is the same as a figure of eight . (AM)
N-COUNT

figurehead

[D.J.:ˈfɪgjəˌhed]

[K.K.:ˈfɪɡjɚˌhɛd]

n.

挂名的首脑;傀儡

figurehead *

1. figurehead figureheads
If someone is the figurehead of an organization or movement, they are recognized as being its leader, although they have little real power.

- The President will be little more than a figurehead.

N-COUNT

2. figurehead figureheads
A figurehead is a large wooden model of a person that was put just under the pointed front of a sailing ship in former times.
N-COUNT

figurehead

noun

front man

mouthpiece

puppet

titular or nominal head

figure-hugging

figure-hugging
Figure-hugging clothes fit very close to the body of the person who is wearing them. Figure-hugging is usually used to describe clothes worn by women.

- ...figure-hugging cocktail dresses.

ADJ

figure of eight

figure of eight figures of eight
A figure of eight is something that has the shape of the number 8, for example a knot or a movement done by a skater. (BRIT; in AM usually use figure eight )
N-COUNT

figure of speech

figure of speech figures of speech
A figure of speech is an expression or word that is used with a metaphorical rather than a literal meaning.

- Of course I'm not. It was just a figure of speech.

N-COUNT

figure skating

figure skating
Figure skating is skating in an attractive pattern, usually with spins and jumps included.
N-UNCOUNT

figurine

[D.J.:ˌfɪgjəˈri:n]

[K.K.:ˌfɪɡjəˈrin]

n.

小雕像,小塑像

figurine

figurine figurines
A figurine is a small ornamental model of a person.
N-COUNT

filament

[D.J.:ˈfɪləmənt]

[K.K.:ˈfɪləmənt]

n.

细丝(如电灯泡内的灯丝)

filamentary

adj.

细丝状的

filamented

adj.

有细丝的

filamentary

adj.

细丝的,似丝的,单纤维的

filamented

有细丝的

filament

filament filaments
A filament is a very thin piece or thread of something, for example the piece of wire inside a light bulb.
N-COUNT

filch

[D.J.:fɪltʃ]

[K.K.:fɪltʃ]

vt.

<非正>偷(尤指小的或不贵重的物品)

filch

filch filches filching filched
If you say that someone filches something, you mean they steal it, especially when you do not consider this to be a very serious crime. (INFORMAL)

- I filched some notes from his wallet.

VB
= swipe

filch

verb

steal

embezzle

misappropriate

pilfer

pinch informal

take

thieve

walk off with

file

[D.J.:fail]

[K.K.:faɪl]

vt.

把…归档

提交(申请等), 呈递

用锉锉

vi.

排成纵队前进

n.

文件夹, 公文箱

卷宗, 文件; 计算机文件

纵列

files

讲义夹

filing

[D.J.:ˈfailiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪlɪŋ]

n.

整理成档案,文件归档,锉

file ****

1. file files
A file is a box or a folded piece of heavy paper or plastic in which letters or documents are kept.

- He sat behind a table on which were half a dozen files.

- ...a file of insurance papers.

N-COUNT

2. file files
A file is a collection of information about a particular person or thing.

- There was stuff in that file that was private between me and Dr Denny.

- We already have files on people's tax details, mortgages and poll tax.

- You must record and keep a file of all expenses.

N-COUNT: oft N of/on n
= dossier

3. file files filing filed
If you file a document, you put it in the correct file.

- A secretary can file papers as efficiently as a floppy disk can store them.

- They are all filed alphabetically under author.

VB

4. file files
In computing, a file is a set of related data that has its own name.
N-COUNT

5. file files filing filed
If you file a formal or legal accusation, complaint, or request, you make it officially.

- A number of them have filed formal complaints against the police.

- I filed for divorce on the grounds of adultery a few months later.

VB

6. file files filing filed
When someone files a report or a news story, they send or give it to their employer.

- Catherine Bond filed that report for the BBC from Nairobi.

- He had to rush back to the office and file a housing story before the secretaries went home.

VB
= send

7. file files filing filed
When a group of people files somewhere, they walk one behind the other in a line.

- She paused as the group of children filed out of the house.

- Slowly, people filed into the room and sat down.

VB

8. file files
A file is a hand tool which is used for rubbing hard objects to make them smooth, shape them, or cut through them.
N-COUNT

9. file files filing filed
If you file an object, you smooth it, shape it, or cut it with a file.

- Manicurists are skilled at shaping and filing nails.

VB

10. file
Something that is on file or on someone's files is recorded or kept in a file or in a collection of information.

- His fingerprints were on file in Washington.

- We'll keep your details on file.

- It is one of the most desperate cases on her files.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

11. file
A group of people who are walking or standing in single file or single file are in a line, one behind the other.

- We were walking in single file to the lake.

PHR: PHR after v

file

noun

1.

folder

case

data

documents

dossier

information

portfolio

2.

line

column

queue

row

verb

3.

register

document

enter

pigeonhole

put in place

record

4.

march

parade

troop

file

verb

smooth

abrade

polish

rasp

rub

scrape

shape

file away ****

file away files away; filing away; filed away
If you file away a document, you put it in the correct file.

- When at home, most evenings would be spent reading, cutting up and filing away his photographs.

- The details are filed away by his three secretaries for future reference.

PHR-V

filial

[D.J.:ˈfɪli:əl]

[K.K.:ˈfɪliəl]

adj.

子女的

filially

adv.

子女地

filially

adv.

子女似地,孝顺地

filial

filial
You can use filial to describe the duties, feelings, or relationships which exist between a son or daughter and his or her parents. (FORMAL)

- His father would accuse him of neglecting his filial duties.

- Right now I'm in need of a little filial affection.

ADJ: ADJ n

filibuster

[D.J.:ˈfɪləˌbʌstə]

[K.K.:ˈfɪləˌbʌstɚ]

vt.

阻碍或延宕国会或其他立法机构通过提案

vi.

掠夺

n.

掠夺兵, 暴兵, 海盗

<美>(用冗长的发言)阻挠议事的议员; 会议妨碍行为

filibuster *

1. filibuster filibusters
A filibuster is a long slow speech made to use up time so that a vote cannot be taken and a law cannot be passed. (mainly AM)

- Senator Seymour has threatened a filibuster to block the bill.

N-COUNT

2. filibuster filibusters filibustering filibustered
If a politician filibusters , he or she makes a long slow speech in order to use up time so that a vote cannot be taken and a law cannot be passed. (mainly AM)

- They simply threatened to filibuster until the Senate adjourns.

- A group of senators plans to filibuster a measure that would permit drilling in Alaska.

VB

filigree

[D.J.:ˈfɪlɪˌgri:]

[K.K.:ˈfɪlɪˌɡri]

n.

(用金丝等制成的)精工制品

精致的物品

filigree

filigree
The word filigree is used to refer to delicate ornamental designs made with gold or silver wire.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

filing cabinet

filing cabinet filing cabinets
A filing cabinet is a piece of office furniture, usually made of metal, which has drawers in which files are kept.
N-COUNT

filings

[ˈfailiŋz]

n.

锉屑

filings

1. filings
Filings are very small pieces of a substance, especially a metal, that are produced when it is filed or cut.

- ...iron filings.

- ...metal filings.

N-PLURAL: usu n N

2. filings
Court filings are cases filed in a court of law. (AM, AUSTRALIAN)

- In court filings, they argued that the settlement was inadequate.

N-COUNT: usu plural

Filipino

[D.J.:ˌfiliˈpi:nəu]

[K.K.:ˌfɪləˈpino]

n.

菲律宾人

Filipino *

1. Filipino
Filipino means belonging or relating to the Philippines, or to its people or culture.

- ...a group of Filipino girls.

ADJ

2. Filipino Filipinos
A Filipino is a person who comes from the Philippines.
N-COUNT

fill

[D.J.:fil]

[K.K.:fɪl]

vt. & vi.

(使)充满, (使)装满, 填满

vt.

满足

任职

配药

n.

填满…的量

充分, 足够

filled

[fild]

adj.

满的,填满的;充气的,加载的

filling

[D.J.:ˈfɪlɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfɪlɪŋ]

n.

馅

补牙的材料

fill ****

1. fill fills filling filled
If you fill a container or area, or if it fills , an amount of something enters it that is enough to make it full.

- Fill a saucepan with water and bring to a slow boil.

- She made sandwiches, filled a flask and put sugar in.

- The victims' lungs fill quickly with fluid.

- The boy's eyes filled with tears.

- While the bath was filling, he padded about in his underpants.

V-ERG
≠ empty

2. fill up fills up; filling up; filled up
Fill up means the same as fill .

- Pass me your cup, Amy, and I'll fill it up for you.

- Warehouses at the frontier between the two countries fill up with sacks of rice and flour.

PHR-V-ERG

3. fill fills filling filled
If something fills a space, it is so big, or there are such large quantities of it, that there is very little room left.

- He cast his eyes at the rows of cabinets that filled the enormous work area.

- The text fills 231 pages.

VB

4. fill up fills up; filling up; filled up
Fill up means the same as fill .

- ...the complicated machines that fill up today's laboratories.

PHR-V

5. filled

- ...four museum buildings filled with historical objects.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with n

6. -filled

- ...the flower-filled courtyard of an old Spanish colonial house.

COMB in ADJ

7. fill fills filling filled
If you fill a crack or hole, you put a substance into it in order to make the surface smooth again.

- Fill small holes with wood filler in a matching colour.

- The gravedigger filled the grave.

VB

8. fill in fills in; filling in; filled in
Fill in means the same as fill .

- If any cracks have appeared in the tart case, fill these in with raw pastry.

PHR-V

9. fill fills filling filled
If a sound, smell, or light fills a space, or the air, it is very strong or noticeable.

- In the parking lot of the school, the siren filled the air.

- All the light bars were turned on which filled the room with these rotating beams of light.

- The barn was filled with the sour-sweet smell of fresh dung.

VB

10. -filled

- ...another sunshine-filled day.

- ...those whose work forces them to be in dusty or smoke-filled environments.

COMB in ADJ

11. fill fills filling filled
If something fills you with an emotion, or if an emotion fills you, you experience this emotion strongly.

- I admired my father, and his work filled me with awe and curiosity.

- He looked at me without speaking, and for the first time I could see the pride that filled him.

- He stared at his favourite child, dismayed, filled with fear.

VB

12. fill fills filling filled
If you fill a period of time with a particular activity, you spend the time in this way.

- If she wants a routine to fill her day, let her do community work.

VB

13. fill up fills up; filling up; filled up
Fill up means the same as fill .

- On Thursday night she went to her yoga class, glad to have something to fill up the evening.

PHR-V

14. fill fills filling filled
If something fills a need or a gap, it puts an end to this need or gap by existing or being active.

- ...properly organized and staffed day-care programs fill a need which allows family structures to remain intact...

- She brought him a sense of fun, of gaiety that filled a gap in his life.

VB

15. fill fills filling filled
If something fills a role, position, or function, they have that role or position, or perform that function, often successfully.

- Dena was filling the role of diplomat's wife with the skill she had learned over the years.

VB
= fulfil

16. fill fills filling filled
If a company or organization fills a job vacancy, they choose someone to do the job. If someone fills a job vacancy, they accept a job that they have been offered.

- One problem not mentioned is the unemployed may not have the skills to fill the vacancies on offer.

- A vacancy has arisen which I intend to fill.

VB

17. fill fills filling filled
If you fill yourself with food, you eat so much that you do not feel hungry.

- They joked and drank coffee and filled themselves with chocolate cake.

VB
= stuff

18. fill fills filling filled
A play, film, or performer that fills a theatre, concert hall, or cinema attracts a very large audience.

- Children are enthralled by his stories; he has been known to fill theatre halls in Australia.

VB

19. fill fills filling filled
When a dentist fills someone's tooth, he or she puts a filling in it.

- It is almost impossible to find a dentist who will fill a tooth on the National Health.

VB

20. fill fills filling filled
If you fill an order or a prescription, you provide the things that are asked for. (mainly AM)

- A pharmacist can fill any prescription if, in his or her judgment, the prescription is valid.

VB

21. fill
If you have had your fill of something, you have had enough of it, and do not want to experience it any more or do it any more.

- We feel that we have had our fill of disappointments and emotional upsets.

PHR: V inflects

fill in ****

1. fill in fills in; filling in; filled in
If you fill in a form or other document requesting information, you write information in the spaces on it. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use fill out )

- If you want your free copy of the Patients' Charter fill this form in.

- Fill in the coupon and send it first class to the address shown.

PHR-V
= fill out

2. fill in fills in; filling in; filled in
If you fill in a shape, you cover the area inside the lines with colour or shapes so that none of the background is showing.

- When you have both filled in your patterns, you may want to share these with each other.

- With a lip pencil, outline lips and fill them in.

PHR-V

3. fill in fills in; filling in; filled in
If you fill someone in , you give them more details about something that you know about. (INFORMAL)

- I didn't give Reid all the details yet -- I'll fill him in.

- He filled her in on Wilbur Kantor's visit.

PHR-V

4. fill in fills in; filling in; filled in
If you fill in for someone, you do the work or task that they normally do because they are unable to do it.

- Vice-presidents' wives would fill in for first ladies.

PHR-V
= stand in

5. fill in fills in; filling in; filled in
If you are filling in time, you are using time that is available by doing something that is not very important.

- That's not a career. She's just filling in time as far as I can see, until she gets married.

PHR-V: usu passive

fill up ****

1. fill up fills up; filling up; filled up
If you fill up or fill yourself up with food, you eat so much that you do not feel hungry.

- Fill up on potatoes, bread and pasta, which are high in carbohydrate and low in fat.

- When you are happy about yourself you won't need to fill yourself up with food.

PHR-V

2. fill up fills up; filling up; filled up
A type of food that fills you up makes you feel that you have eaten a lot, even though you have only eaten a small amount.

- Potatoes fill us up without overloading us with calories.

PHR-V

filling *

1. filling fillings
A filling is a small amount of metal or plastic that a dentist puts in a hole in a tooth to prevent further decay.

- The longer your child can go without needing a filling, the better.

N-COUNT

2. filling fillings
The filling in something such as a cake, pie, or sandwich is a substance or mixture that is put inside it.

- Spread some of the filling over each cold pancake and then either roll or fold.

N-MASS

3. filling fillings
The filling in a piece of soft furniture or in a cushion is the soft substance inside it.

- ...second-hand sofas with old-style foam fillings.

N-MASS

4. filling
Food that is filling makes you feel full when you have eaten it.

- Although it is tasty, crab is very filling.

ADJ-GRADED

fill

verb

1.

stuff

cram

crowd

glut

pack

stock

supply

swell

2.

saturate

charge

imbue

impregnate

pervade

suffuse

3.

plug

block

bung

close

cork

seal

stop

4.

perform

carry out

discharge

execute

fulfil

hold

occupy

noun

one's fill

5.

sufficient

all one wants

ample

enough

plenty

fill in

verb

1.

complete

answer

fill out U.S.

fill up

2.

inform

acquaint

apprise

bring up to date

give the facts or background

3.

replace

deputize

represent

stand in

sub

substitute

take the place of

filling

noun Informal

1.

stuffing

contents

filler

inside

insides

padding

wadding

adjective

2.

satisfying

ample

heavy

square

substantial

fill out ****

1. fill out fills out; filling out; filled out
If you fill out a form or other document requesting information, you write information in the spaces on it. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use fill in )

- Fill out the application carefully, and keep copies of it.

PHR-V
= fill in

2. fill out fills out; filling out; filled out
If a fairly thin person fills out , they become fatter.

- A girl may fill out before she reaches her full height.

PHR-V

filler

[D.J.:ˈfilə]

[K.K.:ˈfɪlɚ]

n.

填充料; 掺入物

filler *

1. filler fillers
Filler is a substance used for filling cracks or holes, especially in walls, car bodies, or wood.
N-MASS

2. filler fillers
You can describe something as a filler when it is being used or done because there is a need for something and nothing better is available. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= stopgap

3. filler fillers
If you say that something is, for example, a stadium filler or a floor filler , you mean that it is likely to attract crowds to a stadium or onto a dance floor. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: n N

filler

noun

padding

makeweight

stopgap

fillet

[D.J.:ˈfɪlɪt]

[K.K.:ˈfɪlɪt]

n.

无骨的鱼或肉排

filleting

角隅填密法,嵌缝法

fillet *

1. fillet fillets
Fillet is a strip of meat, especially beef, that has no bones in it.

- ...fillet of beef with shallots.

- ...chicken breast fillets.

- ...fillet steak.

N-VAR: usu with supp, also N n

2. fillet fillets
A fillet of fish is the side of a fish with the bones removed.

- ...anchovy fillets...

- I ordered a fine fillet of salmon.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. fillet fillets filleting filleted
When you fillet fish or meat, you prepare it by taking the bones out.

- Don't be afraid to ask your fishmonger to fillet flat fish.

VB

filling station

filling station filling stations
A filling station is a place where you can buy petrol and oil for your car. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use gas station )
N-COUNT

fillip

[D.J.:ˈfilip]

[K.K.:ˈfɪləp]

n.

弹指,轻击,刺激

v.

用指弹,刺激,激起;弹指

fillip

fillip fillips
If someone or something gives a fillip to an activity or person, they suddenly encourage or improve them. (WRITTEN)

- The news gave a fillip to the telecommunications sector.

- This will prove a much-needed fillip to racecourses and the racing industry in general.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N to/for n
= boost

filly

[D.J.:ˈfili]

[K.K.:ˈfɪli]

n.

小雌马

filly

filly fillies
A filly is a young female horse.
N-COUNT

film

[D.J.:film]

[K.K.:fɪlm]

n.

影片, 电影

胶片, 胶卷

薄层, 薄膜

vt. & vi.

(把…)拍摄(成)电影[电视等]

vt.

(给…)覆上一薄层

filming

[D.J.:ˈfɪlmɪŋ]

n.

拍摄电影

film *****

1. film films
A film consists of moving pictures that have been recorded so that they can be shown at the cinema or on television. A film tells a story, or shows a real situation. (mainly BRIT; in AM use movie )

- Everything about the film was good. Good acting, good story, good fun.

- ...a government health film about the dangers of smoking.

N-COUNT
= movie

2. film films filming filmed
If you film something, you use a camera to take moving pictures which can be shown on a screen or on television.

- He had filmed her life story.

- Considering the restrictions under which she filmed, I think she did a commendable job.

VB

3. film
Film of something is moving pictures of a real event that are shown on television or on a screen.

- They have seen news film of families queueing in Russia to buy a loaf of bread.

N-UNCOUNT
= footage

4. film films
A film is also the narrow roll of plastic that is used in a camera to take photographs.

- The photographers had already shot a dozen rolls of film.

N-VAR

5. film
The making of cinema films, considered as a form of art or a business, can be referred to as film or films . (mainly BRIT)

- Film is a business with limited opportunities for actresses.

- She wanted to set up her own company to invest in films.

N-UNCOUNT, also N in pl

6. film films
A film of powder, liquid, or oil is a very thin layer of it.

- The sea is coated with a film of raw sewage.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

7. film
Plastic film is a very thin sheet of plastic used to wrap and cover things. (BRIT; in AM use plastic wrap or Saran wrap )

- Cover with plastic film and refrigerate for 24 hours.

N-UNCOUNT: usu adj N
See also clingfilm .

filming *

filming
Filming is the activity of making a film including the acting, directing, and camera shots.

- Filming was due to start next month.

N-UNCOUNT

film

noun

1.

movie

flick slang

motion picture

2.

layer

coating

covering

dusting

membrane

skin

tissue

verb

3.

photograph

shoot

take

video

videotape

filmic

[D.J.:ˈfilmik]

[K.K.:ˈfɪlmɪk]

adj.

电影的,像电影的

filmic

filmic
Filmic means related to films. (FORMAL)

- ...a new filmic style.

- ...the filmic potential of the landscape.

ADJ: ADJ n

film-maker

[D.J.:ˈfɪlmˈmeɪkə]

[K.K.:ˈfɪlmˈmekɚ]

n.

电影摄制者

film-maker *

film-maker film-makers
A film-maker is someone involved in making films, in particular a director or producer. (mainly BRIT)

- ...Italian film-makers like Sergio Leone.

N-COUNT also filmmaker .

film noir

film noir films noir
Film noir refers to a type of film or a style of film-making which shows the world as a dangerous or depressing place where many people suffer, especially because of the greed or cruelty of others.

- ...a remake of the 1947 film noir classic, Kiss of Death.

- ...a fast-moving, often implausible, always stylish film noir.

N-VAR

film star *

film star film stars
A film star is a famous actor or actress who appears in films. (mainly BRIT; in AM use movie star )
N-COUNT

filmy

[D.J.:ˈfilmi]

[K.K.:ˈfɪlmi]

adj.

薄膜的,像软片的,朦胧的,薄的

filmy

filmy filmier filmiest
A filmy fabric or substance is very thin and almost transparent.

- ...pictures of women wearing filmy nightgowns.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= see-through

filo

[D.J.:ˈfi:ləu,ˈfailəu]

[K.K.:ˈfilo, ˈfaɪ-]

n.

(制酥点用的)擀成极薄层的生面

filo

filo
Filo or filo pastry is a type of light pastry made of thin layers. It is traditionally used in Greek cooking.
N-UNCOUNT also filo pastry

Filofax

n.

备忘记事本（商标名称）

Filofax

Filofax Filofaxes
A Filofax is a type of personal filing system in the form of a small book with pages that can easily be added or removed. (TRADEMARK)
N-COUNT

filter

[D.J.:ˈfiltə]

[K.K.:ˈfɪltɚ]

n.

过滤, 过滤器

vt. & vi.

透过, 过滤

vi.

(消息等)走漏

filtering

[ˈfiltəriŋ]

n.

过滤,滤除,滤清

filter **

1. filter filters filtering filtered
To filter a substance means to pass it through a device which is designed to remove certain particles contained in it.

- The best prevention for cholera is to boil or filter water, and eat only well-cooked food.

VB

2. filter filters
A filter is a device through which a substance is passed when it is being filtered.

- ...a paper coffee filter.

N-COUNT

3. filter filters
A filter is a device through which sound or light is passed and which blocks or reduces particular sound or light frequencies.

- You might use a yellow filter to improve the clarity of a hazy horizon.

N-COUNT

4. filter filters filtering filtered
If light or sound filters into a place, it comes in weakly or slowly, either through a partly covered opening, or from a long distance away.

- Light filtered into my kitchen through the soft, green shade of the honey locust tree.

VB

5. filter filters filtering filtered
When news or information filters through to people, it gradually reaches them.

- It took months before the findings began to filter through to the politicians.

- News of the attack quickly filtered through the college.

- ...as indications filter in from polling stations.

- ...the horror stories which were beginning to filter out of Germany.

VB

6. filter filters
A traffic filter is a traffic signal or lane which controls the movement of traffic wanting to turn left or right. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

filter

noun

1.

sieve

gauze

membrane

mesh

riddle

strainer

verb

2.

purify

clarify

filtrate

refine

screen

sieve

sift

strain

winnow

3.

trickle

dribble

escape

exude

leak

ooze

penetrate

percolate

seep

filter out **

filter out filters out; filtering out; filtered out
To filter out something from a substance or from light means to remove it by passing the substance or light through something acting as a filter.

- Children should have glasses which filter out UV rays.

- Plants and trees filter carbon dioxide out of the air and produce oxygen.

PHR-V

filter tip

filter tip filter tips
A filter tip is a small device at the end of a cigarette that reduces the amount of dangerous substances that pass into the smoker's body. Filter tips are cigarettes that are manufactured with these devices.
N-COUNT

filth

[D.J.:filθ]

[K.K.:fɪlθ]

n.

污物

淫秽书籍、图片、电影等

filth *

1. filth
Filth is a disgusting amount of dirt.

- The living-room floor was littered with filth and tin cans.

- Thousands of tons of filth and sewage pour into the Ganges every day.

N-UNCOUNT
= muck

2. filth
People refer to words or pictures, usually ones relating to sex, as filth when they think they are very disgusting and rude.

- The dialogue was all filth and innuendo.

- ...pornographic filth.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= smut

filth

noun

1.

dirt

excrement

grime

muck

refuse

sewage

slime

sludge

squalor

2.

obscenity

impurity

indecency

pornography

smut

vulgarity

filthy

[D.J.:ˈfɪlθi:]

[K.K.:ˈfɪlθi]

adj.

肮脏的;污秽的

下流的;淫秽的

filthy *

1. filthy filthier filthiest
Something that is filthy is very dirty indeed.

- He never washed, and always wore a filthy old jacket.

ADJ-GRADED
= grimy

2. filthy filthier filthiest
If you describe something as filthy , you mean that you think it is morally very unpleasant and disgusting, sometimes in a sexual way.

- Apparently, well known actors were at these filthy parties.

- The play was full of filthy foul language.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

3. filthy filthier filthiest
Filthy weather is very cold, wet, and windy. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- ...a filthy wet night.

ADJ-GRADED
= foul

filthy

adjective

1.

dirty

foul

polluted

putrid

slimy

squalid

unclean

2.

muddy

begrimed

blackened

grimy

grubby

3.

obscene

corrupt

depraved

impure

indecent

lewd

licentious

pornographic

smutty

filtration

[D.J.:filˈtreiʃən]

[K.K.:fɪlˈtreʃən]

n.

过滤,筛选

filtration

filtration
Filtration is the process of filtering a substance.

- This enzyme would make the filtration of beer easier.

- ...water filtration systems.

N-UNCOUNT

fin

[D.J.:fin]

[K.K.:fɪn]

n.

鱼鳍

(汽车、飞机、炸弹上的)尾翅

fin **

1. fin fins
A fish's fins are the flat objects which stick out of its body and help it to swim and keep its balance.
N-COUNT

2. fin fins
A fin on something such as an aeroplane, rocket, or bomb is a flat part which sticks out and which is intended to help control its movement.
N-COUNT

final

[D.J.:ˈfainəl]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪnəl]

adj.

最后的, 最终的

决定性的, 确定性的

n.

决赛

(大学的)期终考试

final *****

1. final
In a series of events, things, or people, the final one is the last one.

- Astronauts will make a final attempt today to rescue a communications satellite from its useless orbit.

- This is the fifth and probably final day of testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee.

- On the last Saturday in September, I received a final letter from Clive.

ADJ: det ADJ
= last

2. final
Final means happening at the end of an event or series of events.

- You must have been on stage until the final curtain.

- The countdown to the Notting Hill Carnival is in its final hours.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. final
You can use final to emphasize that a situation has a particular quality to a very great or severe degree. (WRITTEN)

- Only a few go through the final humiliation of meeting the bailiff at the door.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= ultimate

4. final
If a decision or someone's authority is final , it cannot be changed or questioned.

- The judges' decision is final.

- The White House has the final say.

- I'm not going, and that's final.

ADJ

5. final finals
The final is the last game or contest in a series and decides who is the winner.

- ...the Scottish Cup Final...

- Pakistan's Jansher Khan has won the men's final at the Singapore Open.

N-COUNT
See also quarter-final , semi-final .

6. final finals
The finals of a sporting tournament consist of a smaller tournament that includes only players or teams that have won earlier games. The finals decide the winner of the whole tournament.

- Poland know they have a chance of qualifying for the World Cup Finals.

N-PLURAL

7. final finals
When a student takes his or her finals , he or she takes the last and most important examinations in a university or college course.

- Anna sat her finals in the summer.

N-PLURAL: oft poss N

final

adjective

1.

last

closing

concluding

latest

terminal

ultimate

2.

definitive

absolute

conclusive

decided

definite

incontrovertible

irrevocable

settled

finale

[D.J.:fəˈnæli:, -ˈnɑ:li:]

[K.K.:fəˈnæli, -ˈnɑli]

n.

终曲,末乐章

finale *

1. finale finales
The finale of a show, piece of music, or series of shows is the last part of it or the last one of them, especially when this is exciting or impressive.

- ... the finale of Shostakovich's Fifth Symphony...

- Tonight's light show is the grand finale of a month-long series of events.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. finale finales
If you say that an event provides a particular kind of finale to something, you mean that it provides it with a particular kind of ending.

- ...the dramatic finale to America's seven-year hostage crisis...

- It was a sad finale to an otherwise spectacular career.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N to n
= conclusion

finale

noun

ending

climax

close

conclusion

culmination

denouement

epilogue

finalist

[D.J.:ˈfaɪnəlɪst]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪnəlɪst]

n.

决赛选手,决赛队

finalist *

finalist finalists
A finalist is someone who reaches the last stages of a competition or tournament by doing well or winning in its earlier stages.

- The twelve finalists will be listed in the Sunday Times.

N-COUNT

finality

[D.J.:faiˈnæliti]

[K.K.:faɪˈnælɪti, fə-]

n.

结尾,定局,终结,最后的事物,最后的言行

finality

finality
Finality is the quality of being final and impossible to change. If you say something with finality , you say it in a way that shows that you have made up your mind about something and do not want to discuss it further. (FORMAL)

- Young children have difficulty grasping the finality of death.

- `Not this time, Faye,' he replied with finality.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

finalize

[D.J.:ˈfaɪnəˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪnəˌlaɪz]

vt.

定下来,定稿

finalization

n.

定稿

finalize *

finalize finalizes finalizing finalized
If you finalize something such as a plan or an agreement, you complete the arrangements for it, especially by discussing it with other people.

- Negotiators from the three countries finalized the agreement in August.

- We are saying nothing until all the details have been finalised.

- They have not finalized the deal with the government.

VB (BRIT) also finalise

finalize

verb

complete

clinch

conclude

decide

settle

tie up

work out

wrap up informal

finally

[ˈfainəli]

adv.

最后, 终于; 完全地

finally ****

1. finally
You use finally to suggest that something happens after a long period of time, usually later than you wanted or expected it to happen.

- The word was finally given for us to get on board.

- The food finally arrived at the end of last week and distribution began.

- Finally, after ten hours of negotiations, the gunman gave himself up.

ADV: ADV before v, ADV with cl
= at last

2. finally
You use finally to indicate that something is last in a series of actions or events.

- The action slips from comedy to melodrama and finally to tragedy.

ADV: ADV with cl/group
= lastly

3. finally
You use finally in speech or writing to introduce a final point, question, or topic.

- Finally, who needs the theatre?.

- And finally, a word about the winner and runner-up.

ADV: ADV with cl
= in conclusion

finally

adverb

1.

eventually

at last

at length

at long last

in the end

lastly

ultimately

2.

in conclusion

in summary

to conclude

finance

[D.J.:faiˈnæns]

[K.K.:fəˈnæns, faɪ-, ˈfaɪˌnæns]

n.

财政, 金融

财源, 资金, 财务情况

vt.

为…供给资金, 从事金融活动

financing

[faiˈnænsiŋ]

n.

筹措资金,理财,筹集资金,融资,财务,资金

finance ****

1. finance finances financing financed
When someone finances something such as a project or a purchase, they provide the money that is needed to pay for them.

- The fund has been used largely to finance the construction of federal prisons.

- Government expenditure is financed by taxation and by borrowing.

VB

2. finance
Also a noun.

- A United States delegation is in Japan seeking finance for a major scientific project.

N-UNCOUNT

3. finance
Finance is the commercial or government activity of managing money, debt, credit, and investment.

- ...a major player in the world of high finance...

- The report recommends an overhaul of public finances.

- A former Finance Minister and five senior civil servants are accused of fraud.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

4. finance
You can refer to the amount of money that you have and how well it is organized as your finances .

- Be prepared for unexpected news concerning your finances.

- In general, women manage the day-to-day finances but leave most longer-term decisions to men.

- Finance is usually the biggest problem for students.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, oft with poss

finance

noun

1.

economics

accounts

banking

business

commerce

investment

money

verb

2.

fund

back

bankroll U.S.

guarantee

pay for

subsidize

support

underwrite

finances

plural noun

resources

affairs

assets

capital

cash

funds

money

wherewithal

finance company

finance company finance companies
A finance company is a business which lends money to people and charges them interest while they pay it back.
N-COUNT

financial

[D.J.:faiˈnænʃəl]

[K.K.:fəˈnænʃəl, faɪ-]

adj.

财政的, 金融的

financially

[D.J.:faɪˈnænʃəlɪ]

[K.K.:faɪˈnæ nʃəlɪ]

adv.

财政上;金融上；经济上

financial *****

1. financial
Financial means relating to or involving money.

- The company is in financial difficulties.

- ...the government's financial advisers.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= monetary

2. financially

- She would like to be more financially independent.

- She's been struggling financially for years.

- Financially, things are a bit tight.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed, ADV after v, ADV with cl

financial

adjective

economic

fiscal

monetary

pecuniary

financial year *

financial year financial years
A financial year is a period of twelve months, used by government, business, and other organizations in order to calculate their budgets, profits, and losses. (BRIT; in AM use fiscal year )

- ...33,000 possible job losses in the coming financial year.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp
= fiscal year

financier

[D.J.:ˌfɪnənˈsɪə, fəˌnæn-, ˌfaɪnən-]

[K.K.:ˌfɪnənˈsɪr, fəˌnæn-, ˌfaɪnən-]

n.

金融家

financier *

financier financiers
A financier is a person, company, or government that provides money for projects or businesses.
N-COUNT

finch

[D.J.:fɪntʃ]

[K.K.:fɪntʃ]

n.

(常构成复合词)雀科小鸟

finch *

finch finches
A finch is a small bird with a short strong beak.
N-COUNT

find

[D.J.:faind]

[K.K.:faɪnd]

vt.

找到, 发现

发觉, 感到, 认为

到达; 努力获得

供给, 供应; 知道…是有的

〈律〉判决, 裁决

n.

发现

发现物

finding

[D.J.:ˈfaindiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪndɪŋ]

n.

发现物

调查(或研究)的结果

〈律〉(陪审团的)裁决

findings

零件

found

[D.J.:faund]

[K.K.:faʊnd]

vt.

创办, 成立; 建立

foundation

[D.J.:faunˈdeiʃən]

[K.K.:faʊnˈdeʃən]

n.

建立, 设立, 创办

基础, 基本原理, 根据

地基

基金(会)

founding

[ˈfaundiŋ]

n.

铸造;熔铸,翻砂

find *****

1. find finds finding found
If you find someone or something, you see them or learn where they are.

- The police also found a pistol.

- They have spent ages looking at the map and can't find a trace of anywhere called Darrowby.

- I wonder if you could find me a deck of cards?

VB

2. find finds finding found
If you find something that you need or want, you succeed in achieving or obtaining it.

- Many people here cannot find work.

- So far they have not found a way to fight the virus.

- He has to apply for a permit and we have to find him a job.

- Does this mean that they haven't found a place for him?

VB
= get

3. find found
If something is found in a particular place or thing, it exists in that place.

- Two thousand of France's 4,200 species of flowering plants are found in the park.

- Fibre is found in cereal foods, beans, fruit and vegetables.

V-PASSIVE

4. find finds finding found
If you find someone or something in a particular situation, they are in that situation when you see them or come into contact with them.

- They found her walking alone and depressed on the beach.

- She returned to her east London home to find her back door forced open.

- Thrushes are a protected species so you will not find them on any menu.

VB
= discover

5. find finds finding found
If you find yourself doing something, you are doing it without deciding or intending to do it.

- It's not the first time that you've found yourself in this situation.

- I found myself having more fun than I had had in years.

- It all seemed so far away from here that he found himself quite unable to take it in.

VB

6. find finds found
If a time or event finds you in a particular situation, you are in that situation at the time mentioned or when the event occurs. (WRITTEN)

- Daybreak found us on a cold, clammy ship.

- His lunch did not take long to arrive and found him poring over a notepad covered with scrawls.

VB: no passive, no cont

7. find finds finding found
If you find that something is the case, you become aware of it or realize that it is the case.

- The two biologists found, to their surprise, that both groups of birds survived equally well.

- At my age I would find it hard to get another job.

- We find her evidence to be based on a degree of oversensitivity.

- I've never found my diet a problem.

VB

8. find finds finding found
When a court or jury decides that a person on trial is guilty or innocent, you say that the person has been found guilty or not guilty.

- She was found guilty of manslaughter and put on probation for two years.

- When they found us guilty, I just went blank.

VB

9. find finds finding found
You can use find to express your reaction to someone or something.

- I find most of the young men of my own age so boring.

- We're sure you'll find it exciting!.

- I find it ludicrous that nothing has been done to protect passengers from fire.

- But you'd find him a good worker if you showed him what to do.

VB

10. find finds finding found
If you find a feeling such as pleasure or comfort in a particular thing or activity, you experience the feeling mentioned as a result of this thing or activity.

- How could anyone find pleasure in hunting and killing this beautiful creature?.

- I was too tired and frightened to find comfort in that familiar promise.

VB
= feel

11. find finds finding found
If you find the time or money to do something, you succeed in making or obtaining enough time or money to do it.

- I was just finding more time to write music.

- My sister helped me find the money for a private operation.

VB

12. find finds
If you describe someone or something that has been discovered as a find , you mean that they are valuable, interesting, good, or useful.

- Another of his lucky finds was a pair of candle-holders.

- His discovery was hailed as the botanical find of the century.

N-COUNT: usu adj N

13. find
If you find your way somewhere, you successfully get there by choosing the right way to go.

- He was an expert at finding his way, even in strange surroundings.

- After a while I pulled myself to my feet and found my way to the street.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR prep/adv

14. find
If something finds its way somewhere, it comes to that place, especially by chance.

- It is one of the very few Michelangelos that have found their way out of Italy.

- The most unlikely objects found their way into his design and look absolutely right where he placed them.

PHR: V inflects, PHR adv/prep

finding **

1. finding findings
Someone's findings are the information they get or the conclusions they come to as the result of an investigation or some research.

- One of the main findings of the survey was the confusion about the facilities already in place.

- We hope that manufacturers will take note of the findings and improve their products accordingly.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp

2. finding findings
The findings of a court are the decisions that it reaches after a trial or an investigation.

- The government hopes the court will announce its findings before the end of the month.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with poss
= judgement

found ***

1. Found is the past tense and past participle of find .

2. found founds founding founded
When an institution, company, or organization is founded by someone or by a group of people, they get it started, often by providing the necessary money.

- The Independent Labour Party was founded in Bradford on January 13, 1893.

- He founded the Centre for Journalism Studies at University College Cardiff.

- The business, founded by Dawn and Nigel, suffered financial setbacks.

VB
= set up establish

3. foundation

- ...the 150th anniversary of the foundation of Kew Gardens.

N-SING: with poss

4. founding

- I have been a member of The Sunday Times Wine Club since its founding in 1973.

N-SING: with poss

5. found founds founding founded
When a town, important building, or other place is founded by someone or by a group of people, they cause it to be built.

- The town was founded in 1610.

VB: usu passive

foundation ***

1. foundation foundations
If an event shakes the foundations of a society or a system of beliefs, it causes great uncertainty and makes people question their most deeply held beliefs.

- Best friends are the foundation of my life.

- The issue strikes at the very foundation of our community.

- This laid the foundations for later modern economic growth.

- The destruction of war and the death of millions of young people shook the foundations of Western idealism.

- Emotional conflict may shake the foundations of even the strongest relationship.

PHR: V inflects

2. foundation foundations
The foundations of a building or other structure are the layer of bricks or concrete below the ground that it is built on.
N-PLURAL

3. foundation foundations
A foundation is an organization which provides money for a special purpose such as research or charity.

- ...the National Foundation for Educational Research.

N-COUNT

4. foundation
If a story, idea, or argument has no foundation , there are no facts to prove that it is true.

- The allegations were without foundation.

- Each complaint is analysed very closely, and if it has no foundation it is rejected.

N-UNCOUNT: with brd-neg

5. foundation foundations
Foundation is a skin-coloured cream that you put on your face before putting on the rest of your make-up.
N-MASS

founded *

founded
If something is founded on a particular thing, it is based on it.

- The criticisms are founded on facts as well as on convictions.

- His game is founded on power and determination.

ADJ: v-link ADJ on n
See also found .

founding *

founding
Founding means relating to the starting of a particular institution or organization.

- The committee held its founding congress in the capital, Riga.

- He is founding director of The Conservation Foundation.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also found .

find

verb

1.

discover

come across

encounter

hit upon

locate

meet

recognize

spot

uncover

2.

perceive

detect

discover

learn

note

notice

observe

realise

noun

3.

discovery

acquisition

asset

bargain

catch

good buy

found

verb

establish

constitute

create

inaugurate

institute

organize

originate

set up

start

foundation

noun

1.

groundwork

base

basis

bedrock

bottom

footing

substructure

underpinning

2.

setting up

endowment

establishment

inauguration

institution

organization

settlement

find out *****

1. find out finds out; finding out; found out
If you find something out , you learn something that you did not already know, especially by making a deliberate effort to do so.

- It makes you want to watch the next episode to find out what's going to happen.

- I was relieved to find out that my problems were due to a genuine disorder.

- Yesterday, the men's families held a news conference in their campaign to find out the truth.

- As soon as we found this out, we closed the ward.

- He began by reading everything he could find out about heroin.

PHR-V
= discover

2. find out finds out; finding out; found out
If you find someone out , you discover that they have been doing something dishonest.

- Her face was so grave, I wondered for a moment if she'd found me out.

PHR-V

find out

verb

1.

learn

detect

discover

note

observe

perceive

realize

2.

detect

catch

disclose

expose

reveal

uncover

unmask

finder

[D.J.:ˈfaində]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪndɚ]

n.

探测器

finder *

finder finders
You can refer to someone who finds something as the finder of that thing.

- The finder of a wallet who takes it home may be guilty of theft.

- Every stray dog has to be taken by its finder to the police.

N-COUNT

fin de siècle

fin de siècle
Fin de siècle is used to describe something that is thought to be typical of the end of the nineteenth century, especially when it is considered stylish or exaggerated. (WRITTEN)

- He has never been averse to savouring a little fin de siècle decadence.

ADJ: ADJ n also fin-de-siècle .

fine

[D.J.:fain]

[K.K.:faɪn]

adj.

美好的, 优秀的, 优良的, 杰出的

纤细的

细致的; 细微的

晴朗的, 无雨的

健康的, 舒适的

过分夸饰的, 炫耀的

可怕的, 糟透的

adv.

很好, 不错

细微地, 精巧地

vt. & vi.

转晴; (使)变纯, (使)澄清

vt.

使精细, 使精炼

处…以罚金

n.

罚款, 罚金

finely

[D.J.:ˈfaɪnlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪn l..ɪ]

adv.

微细地, 微小地

精细地, 细致地

(正式)很好地, 端正地

fineness

[D.J.:ˈfaɪnnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪnnɪs]

n.

精致;纤细;细微

优雅;良好

晴朗

finer

[ˈfainə]

adj.

好的,出色的

fines

细粉;细屑

finest

[ˈfainist]

n.

警察

fining

[ˈfainiŋ]

n.

澄清,澄清剂

fine 1 adjective uses ****

1. fine finer finest
You use fine to describe something that you admire and think is very good.

- There is a fine view of the countryside.

- This is a fine book.

- ...London's finest art deco cinema.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. finely

- They are finely engineered boats.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed

3. fine finer finest
If you say that you are fine , you mean that you are in good health or reasonably happy.

- Lina is fine and sends you her love and best wishes.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

4. fine finer finest
If you say that something is fine , you mean that it is satisfactory or acceptable.

- The skiing is fine.

- Everything was going to be just fine.

- It's fine to ask questions as we go along, but it's better if you wait until we have finished.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
= great OK

5. fine
Also an adverb.

- All the instruments are working fine.

ADV-GRADED

6. fine
You say ` fine ' or ` that's fine ' to show that you do not object to an arrangement, action, or situation that has been suggested.

- If competition is the best way to achieve it, then, fine.

- If you don't want to give it to me, that's fine, I don't mind.

- `It'll take me a couple of days.' --- `That's fine with me.'

CONVENTION formulae
= OK

7. fine finer finest
Something that is fine is very delicate, narrow, or small.

- The heat scorched the fine hairs on her arms.

- The ship has come to rest on the fine sand.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ coarse

8. finely

- Chop the ingredients finely and mix them together.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
≠ coarsely

9. fineness

- That fineness of the tip is what controls the resolution of the image.

N-UNCOUNT

10. fine finer finest
Fine objects or clothing are of good quality, delicate, and expensive.

- We waited in our fine clothes.

- She'll wear fine jewellery wherever she goes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

11. fine finer finest
A fine detail or distinction is very delicate, small, or exact.

- The market likes the broad outline but is reserving judgment on the fine detail.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= delicate

12. finely

- They had to take the finely balanced decision to let the visit proceed.

- This is a fast-moving but finely observed drama.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV -ed, also ADV after v

13. fineness

- ...a sense of quality and fineness of detail.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

14. fine finer finest
A fine person is someone you consider good, moral, and worth admiring.

- I was with fine people doing a good job.

- He was an excellent journalist and a very fine man.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

15. fine finer finest
When the weather is fine , the sun is shining and it is not raining.

- He might be doing a spot of gardening if the weather is fine.

ADJ-GRADED
= fair

fine 2 punishment ***

1. fine fines
A fine is a punishment in which a person is ordered to pay a sum of money because they have done something illegal or broken a rule.
N-COUNT

2. fine fines fining fined
If someone is fined , they are punished by being ordered to pay a sum of money because they have done something illegal or broken a rule.

- She was fined £300 and banned from driving for one month.

- An east London school has set a precedent by fining pupils who break the rules.

VB

fine

adjective

1.

excellent

accomplished

exceptional

exquisite

first-rate

magnificent

masterly

outstanding

splendid

superior

2.

sunny

balmy

bright

clear

clement

cloudless

dry

fair

pleasant

3.

satisfactory

acceptable

all right

convenient

good

O.K. or okay informal

suitable

4.

delicate

dainty

elegant

expensive

exquisite

fragile

quality

5.

subtle

abstruse

acute

hairsplitting

minute

nice

precise

sharp

6.

slender

diaphanous

flimsy

gauzy

gossamer

light

sheer

thin

fine

noun

1.

penalty

damages

forfeit

punishment

verb

2.

penalize

mulct

punish

fine art *

1. fine art
Painting and sculpture, in which objects are produced that are beautiful rather than useful, can be referred to as fine art or as the fine arts .

- He deals in antiques and fine art.

- ...the university of Cairo's faculty of fine arts.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. fine art
If you have got something down to a fine art , you are able to do it in a very skilful or efficient way because you have had a lot of experience of doing it.
PHR: V inflects

fine print

fine print
In a contract or agreement, the fine print is the same as the small print .
N-UNCOUNT: usu the N

finery

[D.J.:ˈfaɪnəri:]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪnəri]

n.

华丽、优雅的服装或装饰

finery

finery
If someone is dressed in their finery , they are wearing the elegant and impressive clothes and jewellery that they wear on special occasions. (LITERARY)

- I used to watch the brides arriving in their white wedding dresses and the guests in all their finery.

N-UNCOUNT

finery

noun

splendour

frippery

gear informal

glad rags informal

ornaments

showiness

Sunday best

trappings

trinkets

finesse

[D.J.:fəˈnes]

[K.K.:fəˈnɛs]

n.

手腕,手段,技巧

finesse *

finesse
If you do something with finesse , you do it with great skill and style.

- ...handling momentous diplomatic challenges with tact and finesse.

N-UNCOUNT

finesse

noun

skill

adeptness

adroitness

craft

delicacy

diplomacy

discretion

savoir-faire

sophistication

subtlety

tact

fine-tooth comb

fine-tooth comb
If you say that you will go over something with a fine-tooth comb or go through something with a fine-tooth comb , you are emphasizing that you will search it thoroughly or examine it very carefully.

- We went over that area with a fine-tooth comb.

PHR: V inflects also fine tooth comb . emphasis

fine-tune

[D.J.:ˈfaɪnˈtu:n, -ˈtju:n]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪnˈtun, -ˈtjun]

v.

调整,使有规则

fine-tune

1. fine-tune fine-tunes fine-tuning fine-tuned
If you fine-tune something, you make very small and precise changes to it in order to make it as successful or effective as it possibly can be.

- We do not try to fine-tune the economy on the basis of short-term predictions.

- Computers allow the plans to be fine-tuned and to be altered quickly.

VB

2. fine-tuning

- There's a lot of fine-tuning to be done yet.

N-UNCOUNT

finger

[D.J.:ˈfiŋɡə]

[K.K.:ˈfɪŋɡɚ]

n.

手指

指状物

指幅

fingered

[D.J.:ˈfiŋɡəd]

[K.K.:ˈfɪŋɡəd]

adj.

有指的,指状的

fingering

[D.J.:ˈfiŋɡəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfɪŋɡərɪŋ]

n.

用指摸弄,抚弄,捻弄,用指弹奏,指法,(总称)指法符号,细绒线

fingers

手指

finger ****

1. finger fingers
Your fingers are the four long thin parts at the end of each hand.

- She suddenly held up a small, bony finger and pointed across the room.

- She ran her fingers through her hair.

- There was a ring on each of his fingers.

N-COUNT
See also light-fingered .

2. finger fingers
The fingers of a glove are the parts that a person's fingers fit into.
N-COUNT: usu pl

3. finger fingers
A finger of something such as smoke or land is an amount of it that is shaped rather like a finger.

- ...a thin finger of land that separates Pakistan from the former Soviet Union...

- Cover the base with a single layer of sponge fingers.

N-COUNT: N of n, n N
= strip

See also fish finger .

4. finger fingers fingering fingered
If you finger something, you touch or feel it with your fingers.

- He fingered the few coins in his pocket.

- Self-consciously she fingered the emeralds at her throat.

VB

5. finger fingers fingering fingered
If you finger a person or organization, you tell someone, usually the police, that the person or organization has done something illegal or wrong. (INFORMAL)

- Police and prosecutors manipulated the eyewitnesses so they would finger Aldo.

- People who have fingered crack houses and fingered drug dealers have been assassinated.

VB

6. finger fingers
A finger of a strong alcoholic drink is an amount of it which, when it is in a glass, is the same size as the width of a person's finger.

- I poured two final fingers of bourbon into my glass.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

7. finger
If you get your fingers burned or burn your fingers , you suffer because something you did or were involved in was a failure or a mistake.

- He has had his fingers burnt by deals that turned out badly.

- Mr Walesa burned his fingers by promising he would give every Pole 100m zlotys to start a business.

PHR: V inflects

8. finger
If you cross your fingers , you put one finger on top of another and hope for good luck. If you say that someone is keeping their fingers crossed , you mean they are hoping for good luck.

- He crossed his fingers, asking for luck for the first time in his life.

- I'm keeping my fingers crossed that they turn up soon.

PHR: V inflects

9. finger
If you say that someone did not lay a finger on a particular person or thing, you are emphasizing that they did not touch or harm them at all.

- I must make it clear I never laid a finger on her.

PHR: V inflects, usu with brd-neg, PHR n emphasis

10. finger
If you say that a person does not lift a finger or raise a finger to do something, especially to help someone, you are critical of them because they do nothing.

- She never lifted a finger around the house.

- They will not lift a finger to help their country.

PHR: V inflects, with brd-neg disapproval

11. finger
If you say that someone has a finger in every pie , you mean they are involved in a lot of things.

- He very much likes to have a finger in every pie.

- He's a man with fingers in a lot of pies.

PHR: Ns inflect

12. finger
If you point the finger at someone or point an accusing finger at someone, you blame them or accuse them of doing wrong.

- He said he wasn't pointing an accusing finger at anyone in the government or the army.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

13. finger
To point the finger of suspicion or blame at someone means to make people suspect them of doing wrong or blame them for doing wrong.

- Forensic evidence points the finger of suspicion firmly at him.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

14. finger
If you tell someone to pull their finger out or to get their finger out , you are telling them rudely that you want them to start doing some work or making an effort. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Isn't it about time that you pulled your finger out?

PHR: V inflects disapproval

15. finger
If you put your finger on something, for example a reason or problem, you see and identify exactly what it is.

- Midge couldn't quite put her finger on the reason.

- He could never quite put his finger on who or what was responsible for all this.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n/wh

16. finger
If someone or something slips through your fingers , you just fail to catch them, get them, or keep them.

- Money has slipped through his fingers all his life.

- You mustn't allow a golden opportunity to slip through your fingers or you will regret it later.

PHR: V inflects

fingering

fingering
Fingering is the method of using the most suitable finger to play each note when you are playing a musical instrument, especially the piano.
N-UNCOUNT

finger

verb

touch

feel

fiddle with informal

handle

manipulate

maul

paw informal

toy with

fingermark

fingermark fingermarks
A fingermark is a mark which is made when someone puts a dirty or oily finger onto a clean surface.
N-COUNT

fingernail

[D.J.:ˈfɪŋgəˌneɪl]

[K.K.:ˈfɪŋɡɚˌnel]

n.

指甲

fingernail *

fingernail fingernails
Your fingernails are the thin hard areas at the end of each of your fingers.
N-COUNT also finger-nail .
= nails

fingerprint

[D.J.:ˈfɪŋgəˌprɪnt]

[K.K.:ˈfɪŋɡɚˌprɪnt]

n.

指纹

fingerprinting

指纹识别

fingerprint *

1. fingerprint fingerprints
If the police take someone's fingerprints , they make that person press their fingers onto a pad covered with ink, and then onto paper, so that they know what that person's fingerprints look like.

- The detective discovered no fewer than 35 fingerprints.

- ...his fingerprint on the murder weapon.

- They were photographed and had their fingerprints taken.

PHR: V inflects

2. fingerprint fingerprints fingerprinting fingerprinted
If someone is fingerprinted , the police take their fingerprints.

- He took her to jail, where she was fingerprinted and booked.

VB: usu passive

3. fingerprint fingerprints fingerprinting fingerprinted
If the police fingerprint an object, they put a layer of special dust on it so that any fingerprints that are on it can be seen.

- Let's fingerprint the canoe, see if we come up with anything.

VB

fingertip

[D.J.:ˈfɪŋgəˌtɪp]

[K.K.:ˈfɪŋɡɚˌtɪp]

n.

指尖

have sth. at one’s fingertips

手头有某物随时可供应用

fingertip *

1. fingertip fingertips
Your fingertips are the ends of your fingers.

- The fat and flour are rubbed together with the fingertips as for pastry.

N-COUNT: usu pl also finger-tip .

2. fingertip
If you say that something is at your fingertips , you approve of the fact that you can reach it easily or that it is easily available to you.

- I had the information at my fingertips and hadn't used it.

PHR also finger-tip . approval

finicky

[D.J.:ˈfɪnɪki:]

[K.K.:ˈfɪnɪki]

adj.

过分讲究的

爱挑剔的,难讨好的

细节的

难做的,难用的

finicky

finicky
If you say that someone is finicky , you mean that they are worried about small details and are difficult to please.

- Even the most finicky eater will find something appetizing here.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= picky

finish

[D.J.:ˈfiniʃ]

[K.K.:ˈfɪnɪʃ]

vt. & vi.

结束, 完成

n.

结束, 完成, 最后阶段

finished

[D.J.:ˈfɪnɪʃt]

[K.K.:ˈfɪnɪʃt]

adj.

完成某事物,不再与某人有联系

妥善制成的,完成的

finishing

[ˈfiniʃiŋ]

adj.

最后的,完工的

n.

结尾,结束,完成,修整

finish ****

1. finish finishes finishing finished
When you finish doing or dealing with something, you do or deal with the last part of it, so that there is no more for you to do or deal with.

- As soon as he'd finished eating, he excused himself.

- Mr Gould was given a standing ovation and loud cheers when he finished his speech.

- I've practically finished the ironing.

VB

2. finish up finishes up; finishing up; finished up
Finish up means the same as finish . (AM)

- We waited a few minutes outside his office while he finished up his meeting.

PHR-V

3. finish finishes finishing finished
When you finish something that you are making or producing, you reach the end of making or producing it, so that it is complete.

- The consultants had been working to finish a report this week.

VB
= complete

4. finish off finishes off; finishing off; finished off
Finish off and, in American English, finish up mean the same as finish .

- Now she is busy finishing off a biography of Queen Caroline.

- ...the amount of stuff required to finish up a movie.

PHR-V

5. finish finishes finishing finished
When something such as a course, film, or sale finishes , especially at a planned time, it ends.

- The teaching day finishes at around 4pm.

- When a play finishes its run, many of the costumes are hired out to amateur dramatics companies and schools.

VB
= end

6. finish finishes finishing finished
You say that someone or something finishes a period of time or an event in a particular way to indicate what the final situation was like. You can also say that a period of time or an event finishes in a particular way.

- The two of them finished by kissing each other goodbye.

- The evening finished with the welcoming of three new members.

- A buggy ferries you down to the main restaurant to finish the evening with a dance on the beach.

- The American dollar finished the day up against foreign currencies.

- The last track finishes this compilation beautifully.

V-ERG

7. finish finishes finishing finished
If someone finishes second, for example, in a race or competition, they are in second place at the end of the race or competition.

- He finished second in the championship four years in a row.

VB

8. finish finishes finishing finished
To finish means to reach the end of saying something.

- Her eyes flashed, but he held up a hand. `Let me finish.'

VB

9. finish
The finish of something is the end of it or the last part of it.

- I intend to continue it and see the job through to the finish.

- From start to finish he believed in me, often more than I did myself.

N-SING: the N, with poss
= end

10. finish finishes
The finish of a race is the end of it.

- Win a trip to see the finish of the Tour de France!.

- The replays of the close finish showed Ottey finished ahead of the Olympic champion.

N-COUNT

11. finish finishes
If the surface of something that has been made has a particular kind of finish , it has the appearance or texture mentioned.

- The finish and workmanship of the woodwork was excellent.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

12. finish
A fight to the finish is one in which one of the people or groups fighting is killed or completely defeated.

- The conflict in the North and East of the island was a fight to the finish.

PHR

13. finish
If you add the finishing touches to something, you add or do the last things that are necessary to complete it.

- Right up until the last minute, workers were still putting the finishing touches on the pavilions.

- The only finishing touch most of these puddings need is a custard sauce.

PHR: N inflects

finish off ****

1. finish off finishes off; finishing off; finished off
If you finish off something that you have been eating or drinking, you eat or drink the last part of it with the result that there is none left.

- Kelly finished off his coffee.

- He took the bottle from her hands and finished it off in one long swallow.

PHR-V
= polish off

2. finish off finishes off; finishing off; finished off
If someone finishes off a person or thing that is already badly injured or damaged, they kill or destroy them.

- They meant to finish her off, swiftly and without mercy.

PHR-V

finish up ****

1. finish up finishes up; finishing up; finished up
If you finish up in a particular place or situation, you are in that place or situation after doing or experiencing several things.

- They had met by chance at university and finished up getting married.

- He's probably going to finish up in jail for business fraud.

PHR-V
= end up

2. finish up finishes up; finishing up; finished up
If you finish up something that you have been eating or drinking, you eat or drink the last part of it.

- Finish up your drinks now, please.

PHR-V

finished **

1. finished
Someone who is finished with something is no longer doing it or dealing with it or is no longer interested in it.

- One suspects he will be finished with boxing.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with n

2. finished
Something that is finished no longer exists or is no longer happening.

- I go back on the dole when the shooting season's finished.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
= over

3. finished
Someone or something that is finished is no longer important, powerful, or effective.

- Her power over me is finished.

- He confessed: `I thought I was finished.'

ADJ: v-link ADJ

4. finished
Something that is finished or finished off in a particular way has been given a particular appearance or decoration.

- The dining room is finished in deep red.

- Each dress is beautifully finished off with piped seams and fitted underskirts.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep, oft adv ADJ

finish

verb

1.

stop

cease

close

complete

conclude

end

round off

terminate

wind up

wrap up informal

2.

consume

devour

dispose of

eat

empty

exhaust

use up

3.

destroy

bring down

defeat

dispose of

exterminate

overcome

put an end to

put paid to

rout

ruin

4.

perfect

polish

refine

5.

coat

gild

lacquer

polish

stain

texture

veneer

wax

noun

6.

end

cessation

close

completion

conclusion

culmination

denouement

finale

run-in

7.

defeat

annihilation

curtains informal

death

end

end of the road

ruin

8.

surface

lustre

patina

polish

shine

smoothness

texture

finished

adjective

1.

polished

accomplished

perfected

professional

refined

2.

over

closed

complete

done

ended

finalized

through

3.

spent

done

drained

empty

exhausted

used up

4.

ruined

defeated

done for informal

doomed

lost

through

undone

wiped out

finish with ****

finish with finishes with; finishing with; finished with
If you finish with someone or something, you stop dealing with them, being involved with them, or being interested in them.

- My boyfriend was threatening to finish with me.

- `Have you finished with me?' Luke asked, when he had listened to Armstrong's report of his evidence.

PHR-V

finishing line

finishing line finishing lines
In a race, the finishing line is the place on the track or course where the race officially ends.
N-COUNT The spelling finish line is also used, especially in American English.

finishing school

finishing school finishing schools
A finishing school is a private school where rich or upper-class young women are taught manners and other social skills that are considered to be suitable for them.

- At 16 Jill was sent to a Swiss finishing school.

- ...where the Princess of Wales attended finishing school.

N-VAR

finite

[D.J.:ˈfainait]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪˌnaɪt]

adj.

有限的, 有限度的

〈语〉限定的

finite *

1. finite
Something that is finite has a definite fixed size or extent. (FORMAL)

- ...a finite set of elements...

- Only a finite number of situations can arise.

- The fossil fuels (coal and oil) are finite resources.

ADJ
≠ infinite

2. finite
A finite clause is a clause based on a verb group which indicates tense, such as `went', `is waiting', or `will be found', rather than on an infinitive or a participle. Compare non-finite .
ADJ: usu ADJ n

finite

adjective

limited

bounded

circumscribed

delimited

demarcated

restricted

Finn

[D.J.:fin]

[K.K.:fɪn]

n.

芬兰人

Finn *

Finn Finns
The Finns are the people of Finland.
N-COUNT

Finnish

[D.J.:ˈfiniʃ]

[K.K.:ˈfɪnɪʃ]

adj.

芬兰的

Finnish ***

1. Finnish
Finnish means belonging or relating to Finland or to its people, language, or culture.

- They'd ordered the captain to fly to Sweden but the plane landed in the Finnish capital, Helsinki, instead.

ADJ

2. Finnish
Finnish is the language spoken in Finland.
N-UNCOUNT

fir

[D.J.:fɜ:]

[K.K.:fə..]

n.

<植>冷杉

fir *

fir firs
A fir or a fir tree is a tall evergreen tree that has thin needle-like leaves.
N-VAR

fire

[D.J.:ˈfaiə]

[K.K.:faɪr]

n.

火

火灾; 炉火, 火堆

射击, 炮火, 火力

热情, 怒火, 热心

vt. & vi.

开火; 射击

vt.

〈口〉解雇

firing

[D.J.:ˈfaiəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrɪŋ]

n.

开火,生火,烧窑,烘烤

fire 1 burning, heat, or enthusiasm ****

1. fire
Fire is the hot, bright flames produced by things that are burning.

- They saw a big flash and a huge ball of fire reaching hundreds of feet into the sky.

- Many students were trapped by smoke and fire on an upper floor.

N-UNCOUNT

2. fire fires
A fire or fire is an occurrence of uncontrolled burning which destroys buildings, forests, or other things.

- 87 people died in a fire at the Happy Land Social Club.

- A forest fire is sweeping across portions of north Maine this evening.

- Much of historic Rennes was destroyed by fire in 1720.

N-VAR
= conflagration

3. fire fires
A fire is a burning pile of wood, coal, or other fuel that you make, for example to use for heat, light, or cooking.

- There was a fire in the grate.

- After the killing, he calmly lit a fire to destroy evidence.

N-COUNT

4. fire fires
A fire is a device that uses electricity or gas to give out heat and warm a room. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use heater )

- The gas fire was still alight.

- She switched on one bar of the electric fire.

N-COUNT: oft n N

5. fire fires firing fired
When a pot or clay object is fired , it is heated at a high temperature in a special oven, as part of the process of making it.

- After the pot is dipped in this mixture, it is fired.

- I have watched the potters mold, fire and paint their bowls, plates and vases with sacred designs.

VB

6. firing firings

- When soft woods are used for the firing, the clay turns dark from the smoke.

N-VAR

7. fire fires firing fired
When the engine of a motor vehicle fires , an electrical spark is produced which causes the fuel to burn and the engine to work.

- The engine fired and we moved off.

VB

8. fire fires firing fired
If a machine is fired with a particular fuel, it operates by means of that fuel.

- The engines were fired with coal and needed water to keep the steam up.

VB: usu passive

9. fire fires firing fired
If you fire someone with enthusiasm, you make them feel very enthusiastic. If you fire someone's imagination, you make them feel interested and excited.

- ...the potential to fire the imagination of an entire generation...

- It was Allen who fired this rivalry with real passion.

- Both his grandfathers were fired with an enthusiasm for public speaking.

- By Monday, Senor Menem had returned, apparently fired with new determination.

VB

10. fire
You can use fire to refer in an approving way to someone's energy and enthusiasm.

- I went to hear him speak and was very impressed. He seemed so full of fire.

- His punishing schedule seemed to dim his fire at times.

N-UNCOUNT approval
= passion

11. fire
If an object or substance catches fire , it starts burning.

- My home catches fire and everything is destroyed.

- The aircraft caught fire soon after take-off.

PHR: V inflects
= ignite

12. fire
If a situation or event catches fire , it begins to be exciting and successful.

- The play only really catches fire once Aschenbach falls in love.

PHR: V inflects
= ignite

13. fire
If you fight fire with fire , you deal with people attacking or threatening you by using similar methods to the ones that they are using.

- The only way they can deal with crime is to fight fire with fire.

PHR: V inflects

14. fire
If you say that someone has fire in their belly , you are expressing approval of them because they are energetic, enthusiastic, and have very strong feelings.

- Rocco does not have the same fire in his belly as his father.

PHR: belly inflects, PHR after v, with PHR approval

15. fire
If something is on fire , it is burning and being damaged or destroyed by an uncontrolled fire.

- The captain radioed that the ship was on fire.

PHR: v-link PHR
= burning

16. fire
If you say that someone is on fire , you mean they are very enthusiastic, excited, or passionate about something.

- He was on fire with this marvelous sight.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, PHR with n
= burning

17. fire
If you say that someone is playing with fire , you mean that they are doing something dangerous that may result in great harm for them and cause many problems.

- Schulte warned government and industrial leaders that those who even venture to think about mass layoffs are playing with fire.

PHR: V inflects

18. fire
If you set fire to something or if you set it on fire , you start it burning in order to damage or destroy it.

- They set fire to vehicles outside that building.

- Lightning set several buildings on fire.

PHR: V inflects
= ignite

fire 2 shooting or attacking ****

1. fire fires firing fired
If someone fires a gun or a bullet, or if they fire , a bullet is sent from a gun that they are using.

- Seven people were wounded when soldiers fired rubber bullets to disperse crowds.

- New guns firing high explosive shells were incorporated into the battlefield.

- The gun was fired and Beaton was wounded a second time.

- Seventeen people were killed when security forces fired on demonstrators.

- They were firing. I screamed at them to stop.

VB

2. firing

- They were under constant firing from the guns.

- The firing continued even while the protestors were fleeing.

N-UNCOUNT
= shooting

3. fire
You can use fire to refer to the shots fired from a gun or guns.

- His car was raked with fire from automatic weapons.

- The two were reportedly killed in an exchange of fire during a police raid.

N-UNCOUNT
= shooting

4. fire fires firing fired
If you fire an arrow, you send it from a bow.

- He fired an arrow into a clearing in the forest.

VB
= shoot

5. fire fires firing fired
If you fire questions at someone, you ask them a lot of questions very quickly, one after another.

- They were bombarded by more than 100 representatives firing questions on pollution.

VB

6. fire
You can use fire to refer to someone's strong criticisms of something.

- He said they should turn their fire on the Conservative Party instead.

N-UNCOUNT: poss N
= attack

7. fire
If you draw fire from someone, you cause them to shoot at you, for example because they think that you are threatening them.

- Crowds elsewhere drew fire from troops.

PHR: V inflects

8. fire
If you draw fire for something that you have done, you cause people to criticize you or attack you because of it.

- The council recently drew fire for its intervention in the dispute.

- The campaign is drawing fire from anti-smoking advocates.

PHR: V inflects

9. fire
If you hang fire , you delay making a decision about something.

- All I can suggest is that you just hang fire and wait a minute or two and try again.

- Last week, banks and building societies were hanging fire on interest rates.

PHR: V inflects
= wait

10. fire
If someone holds their fire or holds fire , they stop shooting or they wait before they start shooting.

- Devereux ordered his men to hold their fire until the ships got closer.

PHR: V inflects

11. fire
If you hold fire in a situation, you delay before taking action.

- Observers reckon the Bank of England will hold fire until nearer the Budget.

PHR: V inflects
= hold back

12. fire
If you are in the line of fire , you are in a position where someone is aiming their gun at you. If you move into their line of fire , you move into a position between them and the thing they were aiming at.

- He cheerfully blows away any bad guy stupid enough to get in his line of fire.

- The man and his son had been pushed into the line of fire by their captors.

PHR

13. fire
If you open fire on someone, you start shooting at them.

- Then without warning, the troops opened fire on the crowd.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR on n

14. fire
If you return fire or you return someone's fire , you shoot back at someone who has shot at you.

- The soldiers returned fire after being attacked.

PHR: V inflects

15. fire
If you come under fire or are under fire , someone starts shooting at you.

- The Belgians fell back as the infantry came under fire.

- ...sending aid to cities which have been under fire for weeks now.

PHR: usu v PHR, v-link PHR

16. fire
If you come under fire from someone or are under fire , they criticize you strongly.

- The president's plan first came under fire from critics who said he hadn't included enough spending cuts.

PHR: usu v PHR, v-link PHR

fire 3 dismissal **

1. fire fires firing fired
If an employer fires you, they dismiss you from your job.

- If he hadn't been so good at the rest of his job, I probably would have fired him.

- She was sent a box of chocolates along with a letter saying she was fired.

VB
= sack

2. firing

- There was yet another round of firings.

N-COUNT

fire

noun

1.

flames

blaze

combustion

conflagration

inferno

2.

bombardment

barrage

cannonade

flak

fusillade

hail

salvo

shelling

sniping

volley

3.

passion

ardour

eagerness

enthusiasm

excitement

fervour

intensity

sparkle

spirit

verve

vigour

verb

4.

shoot

detonate

discharge

explode

let off

pull the trigger

set off

shell

5.

inspire

animate

enliven

excite

galvanize

impassion

inflame

rouse

stir

6.

dismiss

cashier

discharge

make redundant

sack informal

show the door

fire away ****

fire away fires away; firing away; fired away
If someone wants to say or ask something, you can say `fire away' as a way of showing that you are ready for them to speak. (INFORMAL)

- `May I ask you something?' --- `Sure. Fire away.'

PHR-V: only imper
= shoot go on

fire off ****

1. fire off fires off; firing off; fired off
If you fire off a shot, you send a bullet or other missile from a gun.

- A gunman fired off a volley of shots into the air.

- Cecil now began to panic and fired off two distress rockets.

- ...an illustration of a guy firing a huge cannon off into the distance.

PHR-V

2. fire off fires off; firing off; fired off
If you fire off a letter, question, or remark, you send or say it very quickly, often as part of a series.

- He immediately fired off an angry letter to his ministry colleagues.

- Ordinary officers fired off a string of angry demands to the government, to improve their pay, status, and conditions.

PHR-V

fire alarm

fire alarm fire alarms
A fire alarm is a device that makes a noise, for example with a bell, to warn people when there is a fire.
N-COUNT

firearm

[D.J.:ˈfaɪərˌɑ:m]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrˌɑrm]

n.

枪,武器

firearms

n.

火器,轻武器

firearm *

firearm firearms
Firearms are guns. (FORMAL)

- He was also charged with illegal possession of firearms.

- He was jailed for firearms offences.

N-COUNT: usu pl

fireball

[D.J.:ˈfaiəbɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrˌbɔl]

n.

火球,大流星,(旧式)燃烧弹,〈美口〉工作起来劲头十足的人

fireball

fireball fireballs
A fireball is a ball of fire, for example one at the centre of a nuclear explosion.
N-COUNT

firebomb

[D.J.:ˈfaiəbɔm]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrˌbɑm]

n.

火焰炸弹(燃烧弹和凝固汽油弹的总称)

firebomb

1. firebomb firebombs
A firebomb is a type of bomb which is designed to cause fires.
N-COUNT

2. firebomb firebombs firebombing firebombed
To firebomb a building, vehicle, or place means to set fire to it using a firebomb.

- Protestors firebombed the embassy building yesterday.

VB

3. firebombing firebombings

- The homes bore evidence of firebombing.

N-VAR

firebrand

[D.J.:ˈfaiəbrænd]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrˌbrænd]

n.

火把,燃烧的木柴,放火者,煽动叛乱者

firebrand

firebrand firebrands
If you describe someone as a firebrand , especially someone who is very active in politics, you mean that they are always trying to make people take strong action.

- ...his reputation as a young firebrand.

N-COUNT

firebrand

noun Informal

rabble-rouser

agitator

demagogue

incendiary

instigator

tub-thumper

firebreak

[D.J.:ˈfairbreik]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrˌbrek]

n.

防火道

firebreak

firebreak firebreaks
A firebreak is an area of open land in a wood or forest that has been created to stop a fire from spreading.
N-COUNT also fire break .

fire brigade *

fire brigade fire brigades
The fire brigade is an organization which has the job of putting out fires; used especially to refer to the people who actually fight the fires.

- Get everyone out and call the fire brigade.

- Seven fire brigades were deployed to contain the blaze.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu the N

firecracker

[D.J.:ˈfaɪəˌkrækə]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrˌkrækɚ]

n.

爆竹;鞭炮

firecracker

firecracker firecrackers
A firecracker is a firework that makes several loud bangs when it is lit.
N-COUNT
= banger

-fired

-fired
-fired combines with nouns which refer to fuels to form adjectives which describe power stations, machines, or devices that operate by means of that fuel.

- Coal-fired power stations are among the worst offenders in the production of sulphur gases.

- Most of the food is cooked on a large wood-fired oven.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n

fire department

fire department fire departments
The fire department is an organization which has the job of putting out fires. (AM; in BRIT use fire service )
N-COUNT-COLL: usu the N

fire drill

fire drill fire drills
When there is a fire drill in a particular building, the people who work or live there practise what to do if there is a fire.
N-VAR

fire-eater

n.

玩吞火把戏的人

fire-eater

fire-eater fire-eaters
Fire-eaters are performers who put flaming rods into their mouths in order to entertain people.
N-COUNT

fire engine

fire engine fire engines
A fire engine is a large vehicle which carries fire fighters and equipment for putting out fires. (BRIT; in AM usually use fire truck )
N-COUNT

fire escape

fire escape fire escapes
A fire escape is a metal staircase on the outside of a building, which can be used to escape from the building if there is a fire.
N-COUNT also fire-escape .

fire extinguisher

fire extinguisher fire extinguishers
A fire extinguisher is a metal cylinder which contains water or chemicals at high pressure which can put out fires.
N-COUNT also fire-extinguisher .

firefight

[D.J.:ˈfaiəfait]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrˌfaɪt]

n.

交火,火战,炮战

firefight

firefight firefights
A firefight is a battle in a war which involves the use of guns rather than bombs or any other sort of weapon. (JOURNALISM)

- U.S. Marines had a firefight with local gunmen this morning.

N-COUNT

fire fighter

fire fighter fire fighters
Fire fighters are people whose job is to put out fires.
N-COUNT: usu pl also fire-fighter .
= fireman

firefighting

firefighting
Firefighting is the work of putting out fires.

- There was no fire-fighting equipment.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n The spellings fire fighting , and in British English fire-fighting are also used

firefly

[D.J.:ˈfaɪəˌflaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrˌflaɪ]

n.

萤火虫

firefly

firefly fireflies
A firefly is a type of beetle that produces light from its body.
N-COUNT also fire fly .

fireguard

[D.J.:ˈfaiəɡɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrˌɡɑrd]

n.

围火炉的铁丝网,火炉栏

fireguard

fireguard fireguards
A fireguard is a screen made of strong wire that you put round a fire so that people cannot accidentally burn themselves.
N-COUNT also fire-guard .

fire hydrant

fire hydrant fire hydrants
A fire hydrant is a pipe in the street from which fire fighters can obtain water for putting out a fire.
N-COUNT also fire-hydrant .

firelight

[D.J.:ˈfaiəlait]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrˌlaɪt]

n.

(炉)火光

firelight

firelight
Firelight is the light that comes from a fire.

- In the firelight his head gleamed with sweat.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N

fireman

[D.J.:ˈfaiəmən]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrmən]

n.

消防队员

司炉工, 烧火工人

firemen

n.

消防员

fireman *

fireman firemen
A fireman is a person, usually a man, whose job is to put out fires.
N-COUNT
= firefighter

fireplace

[D.J.:ˈfaiəpleis]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrˌples]

n.

壁炉

fireplace *

fireplace fireplaces
In a room, the fireplace is the place where a fire can be lit and the area on the wall and floor surrounding this place.
N-COUNT

firepower

[D.J.:ˈfaɪəˌpaʊə]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrˌpaʊɚ]

n.

火力

firepower *

firepower
The firepower of an army, ship, tank, or aircraft is the amount of ammunition it can fire.

- The US also had superior firepower.

- America has enough firepower in the area to mount sustained air strikes.

N-UNCOUNT

fireproof

[D.J.:ˈfaɪəˌpru:f]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrˌpruf]

vt.

使防火,使耐火

fireproof

fireproof
Something that is fireproof cannot be damaged by fire.

- ...soldiers wearing fireproof clothing.

ADJ

fire-retardant

adj.

耐火的,防火的

fire-retardant

fire-retardant
Fire-retardant substances make the thing that they are applied to burn more slowly.

- The landing strip was coated with fire-retardant foam.

ADJ
= flame-retardant.

fire sale

1. fire sale fire sales
A fire sale is an event in which goods are sold cheaply because the shop or storeroom they were in has been damaged by fire.
N-COUNT

2. fire sale fire sales
If you describe a sale of goods or other assets as a fire sale , you mean that everything is being sold very cheaply.

- They're likely to hold big fire sales to liquidate their inventory.

- Experts say it's just not worth selling out at current fire-sale prices.

N-COUNT: oft N n

fire service

fire service fire services
The fire service is an organization which has the job of putting out fires. (BRIT; in AM use fire department )

- Crowds of youths prevented the fire service from dealing with the blaze.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu the N

fireside

[D.J.:ˈfaɪəˌsaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrˌsaɪd]

n.

炉边

fireside

fireside firesides
If you sit by the fireside in a room, you sit near the fire.

- ...winter evenings by the fireside.

- ...cosy fireside chats.

N-COUNT: usu sing

fire station

fire station fire stations
A fire station is a building where fire engines are kept, and where fire fighters wait until they are called to put out a fire.
N-COUNT

firestorm

[D.J.:ˈfaiəstɔ:m]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrˌstɔrm]

n.

大爆发

firestorm

1. firestorm firestorms
A firestorm is a fire that is burning uncontrollably, usually in a place that has been bombed.
N-COUNT also fire storm .

2. firestorm firestorms
If you say that there is a firestorm of protest or criticism, you are emphasizing that there is a great deal of very fierce protest or criticism. (AM)

- The speech has resulted in a firestorm of controversy.

N-COUNT: usu with supp also fire storm . emphasis

fire truck

fire truck fire trucks
A fire truck is a large vehicle which carries fire fighters and equipment for putting out fires. (AM, AUSTRALIAN; in BRIT usually use fire engine )
N-COUNT

firewood

[D.J.:ˈfaɪəˌwʊd]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrˌwʊd]

n.

木柴

firewood *

firewood
Firewood is wood that has been cut into pieces so that it can be burned on a fire.
N-UNCOUNT

firework

[D.J.:ˈfaɪəˌwɜ:k]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪrˌwə..k]

n.

烟火;烟花;烟火表演;烟花表演;放烟火

<非正>激烈的言辞;愤怒的话语;令人激动的行动

fireworks

[ˈfaiəwə:ks]

n.

烟火

firework *

1. firework fireworks
Fireworks are small objects that are lit to entertain people on special occasions. They contain chemicals and burn brightly or attractively, often with a loud noise, when you light them.

- Berlin people drank champagne, set off fireworks and tooted their car horns.

- ...a firework display.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. firework fireworks
You use fireworks to refer to an occasion on which fireworks are lit to entertain people.

- On the night of the fireworks we had a really good spot.

N-PLURAL

3. firework fireworks
An exciting and impressive performance or piece of writing can be referred to as fireworks .

- It is given a typically thoughtful production with just enough theatrical fireworks.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp

fireworks

plural noun

1.

pyrotechnics

illuminations

2.

rage

hysterics

row

storm

trouble

uproar

firing line

1. firing line firing lines
If you are in the firing line in a conflict, you are in a position where someone is aiming their gun at you.

- Any hostages in the firing line would have been sacrificed.

- He was sure he would pin down the enemy between two firing lines.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing, usu prep N also firing-line .

2. firing line
If you say that someone is in the firing line , you mean that they are being criticized, blamed, or attacked for something.

- Foreign banks are in the firing line too.

- Young players found themselves too much in the firing line.

N-SING: the N, usu in/out of N also firing-line .

firing squad

firing squad firing squads
A firing squad is a group of soldiers who are ordered to shoot and kill a person who has been found guilty of committing a crime.
N-COUNT: also by N

firm

[D.J.:fə:m]

[K.K.:fɚm]

adj.

结实的, 坚硬的, 牢固的

坚定不移的, 矢志不渝的

强有力的; 坚信

vt. & vi.

(使)坚硬[稳固]

n.

公司, 商行

firmer

[ˈfə:mə]

adj.

坚硬的,坚固的

firmly

[D.J.:ˈfɜ:mlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfə..mlɪ]

adv.

坚固地;稳固地

坚定地;坚决地

firmness

[D.J.:ˈfə:mnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈfə..mnɪs]

n.

坚固;坚实

坚定;坚决

firm *****

1. firm firms
A firm is an organization which sells or produces something or which provides a service which people pay for.

- The firm's employees were expecting large bonuses.

- ...a firm of heating engineers.

N-COUNT
= company

2. firm firmer firmest
If something is firm , it does not change much in shape when it is pressed but is not completely hard.

- Fruit should be firm and in excellent condition.

- Choose a soft, medium or firm mattress to suit their individual needs.

ADJ-GRADED
= solid ≠ soft flabby

3. firmness

- Vegetables should retain some firmness and should not be soggy and waterlogged.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ softness

4. firm firmer firmest
If something is firm , it does not shake or move when you put weight or pressure on it, because it is strongly made or securely fastened.

- If you have to climb up, use a firm platform or a sturdy ladder.

ADJ-GRADED
= secure

5. firmly

- The front door is locked and all the windows are firmly shut.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed, ADV after v

6. firm firmer firmest
If someone's grip is firm or if they perform a physical action in a firm way, they do it with quite a lot of force or pressure but also in a controlled way.

- The quick handshake was firm and cool.

- He managed to grasp the metal, get a firm grip of it and heave his body upwards.

ADJ-GRADED
= strong

7. firmly

- She held me firmly by the elbow and led me to my aisle seat.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

8. firmness

- Tim stretched out a hand in apology and was comforted by the firmness with which Marc gripped it.

N-UNCOUNT

9. firm firmer firmest
If you describe someone as firm , you mean they behave in a way that shows that they are not going to change their mind, or that they are the person who is in control.

- She had to be firm with him. `I don't want to see you again.'.

- Perhaps they need the guiding hand of a firm father figure.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n

10. firmly

- `A good night's sleep is what you want,' he said firmly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

11. firmness

- ...a manner that combines friendliness with compassion and firmness.

N-UNCOUNT

12. firm firmer firmest
A firm decision or opinion is definite and unlikely to change.

- He made a firm decision to leave Fort Multry by boat.

- It is my firm belief that an effective partnership approach between police and the public is absolutely necessary.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= definite

13. firmly

- Political values and opinions are firmly held, and can be slow to change.

- He is firmly convinced that it is vital to do this.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed, ADV after v
= strongly

14. firmness

- What's impressed me has been his considerable firmness of purpose.

N-UNCOUNT

15. firm firmer firmest
Firm evidence or information is based on facts and so is likely to be true.

- This man may have killed others but unfortunately we have no firm evidence.

- There's unlikely to be firm news about the convoy's progress for some time.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= hard definite

16. firm firmer firmest
You use firm to describe control or a basis or position when it is strong and unlikely to be ended or removed.

- Although the Yakutians are a minority, they have firm control of the territory.

- The company, a household name in the States, has a firm foothold in the British market.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= secure

17. firmly

- This tradition is also firmly rooted in the past.

- It placed reggae music firmly in the mainstream of world culture.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed, ADV after v
= securely

18. firm firmer firmest
If people are firm friends, they have been close friends for a long time and their friendship is likely to continue.

- The couple met about two years ago and soon became firm friends.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

19. firm firmer firmest
If a price, value, or currency is firm , it is not decreasing in value or amount.

- Cotton prices remain firm and demand is strong.

- The shares held firm at 280p.

- Firm prices and stability will allow both producers and consumers to plan confidently.

ADJ-GRADED
= solid steady

20. firmness

- ...the firmness of the franc against other currencies.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

21. firm firms firming firmed
If you firm soil around a plant, you press it so that it is fairly solid rather than loose.

- Firm more soil over the roots and water thoroughly.

VB

22. firm
If someone stands firm , they refuse to change their mind about something.

- The council is standing firm against the barrage of protest.

- The President has appealed to his European partners to stand firm on the issue.

PHR: V inflects

firm

adjective

1.

hard

dense

inflexible

rigid

set

solid

solidified

stiff

unyielding

2.

secure

embedded

fast

fixed

immovable

rooted

stable

steady

tight

unshakable

3.

definite

adamant

inflexible

resolute

resolved

set on

unbending

unshakable

unyielding

firm

noun

company

association

business

concern

conglomerate

corporation

enterprise

organization

partnership

firmly

adverb

1.

securely

immovably

like a rock

steadily

tightly

unflinchingly

unshakably

2.

resolutely

staunchly

steadfastly

unchangeably

unwaveringly

firmness

noun

1.

hardness

inelasticity

inflexibility

resistance

rigidity

solidity

stiffness

2.

resolve

constancy

inflexibility

resolution

staunchness

steadfastness

firm up *****

1. firm up firms up; firming up; firmed up
If you firm up something or if it firms up , it becomes firmer and more solid.

- This treatment helps tone the body, firm up muscles and tighten the skin.

- I now go swimming five times a week, which helps firm me up.

- The mixture will seem too wet at this stage, but it will firm up when chilled.

PHR-V-ERG

2. firm up firms up; firming up; firmed up
If you firm something up or if it firms up , it becomes clearer, stronger, or more definite.

- Looking to the future, the Government will firm up their plans for a cleaner, greener, safer Britain.

- The ground rules have been firmed up.

- At least the bank situation had firmed up.

PHR-V-ERG

3. firm up firms up; firming up; firmed up
If a financial institution firms up the price or value of something, they take action to protect and maintain its price or value.

- OPEC has agreed to freeze its global oil production slightly in order to firm up crude prices.

PHR-V

firmament

[D.J.:ˈfɜ:məmənt]

[K.K.:ˈfə..məmənt]

n.

天空,苍穹

firmament

1. firmament
The firmament is the sky or heaven. (LITERARY)

- There are no stars in the firmament.

N-SING: the N

2. firmament
If you talk about the firmament in a particular organization or field of activity, you mean the top of it.

- He was rich, and a rising star in the political firmament.

N-SING: the N, usu with supp

firmware

[D.J.:ˈfə:mwɛə]

[K.K.:ˈfɚmˌwɛr]

n.

(计算机的)固件(指存储在存储器而非软件中的指令)

firmware

firmware
In computer systems, firmware is a set of commands which are stored on a chip rather than as part of a program, because the computer uses them very often.
N-UNCOUNT

first

[D.J.:fə:st]

[K.K.:fɚst]

n.

第一(个人或事物)

adv.

第一, 最早, 首先

首次

宁愿

adj.

第一的; 最初的; 最早的; 最先的; 第一流的; 最重要的

一点也不

firsts

一级品

first *****

1. first
The first thing, person, event, or period of time is the one that happens or comes before all the others of the same kind.

- She lost 16 pounds in the first month of her diet.

- ...the first few flakes of snow...

- Two years ago Johnson came first in the one hundred metres at Seoul.

ORD
≠ last

2. first
Also a pronoun.

- The second paragraph startled me even more than the first.

- He put me through a series of exercises to improve my car control. The first was to drive on simulated ice.

PRON

3. first
If you do something first , you do it before anyone else does, or before you do anything else.

- I do not remember who spoke first, but we all expressed the same opinion.

- First, tell me what you think of my products.

- Routine questions first, if you don't mind.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV with cl/group

4. first
When something happens or is done for the first time, it has never happened or been done before.

- This is the first time she has experienced disappointment.

- It was the first occasion when they had both found it possible to keep a rendezvous.

ORD

5. first
Also an adverb.

- Anne and Steve got engaged two years after they had first started going out.

- I met him first at his house where we had a chat.

ADV: ADV with v

6. first
An event that is described as a first has never happened before and is important or exciting.

- It is a first for New York. An outdoor exhibition of Fernando Botero's sculpture on Park Avenue.

N-SING: a N, oft N for n

7. first
The first you hear of something or the first you know about it is the time when you first become aware of it.

- We heard it on the TV last night -- that was the first we heard of it.

- When Mark arrived home that afternoon, it was the first he knew for sure of the surprise party.

PRON: the PRON that

8. first
You use first when you are talking about what happens in the early part of an event or experience, in contrast to what happens later.

- When he first came home he wouldn't say anything about what he'd been doing.

ADV: ADV before v
= initially

9. first
Also an ordinal.

- She told him that her first reaction was disgust.

- My first feeling on getting into the cabin was one of dislike to everything I saw.

ORD: usu poss ORD

10. first
In order to emphasize your determination not to do a particular thing, you can say that rather than do it, you would do something else first .

- Marry that fat son of a fat cattle dealer? She would die first!

ADV: ADV after v emphasis

11. first
You use first when you are about to give the first in a series of items.

- Certain basic guidelines can be given. First, have a heating engineer check the safety of the heating system.

ADV: ADV with cl/group
= firstly

12. first
The first thing, person, or place in a line is the one that is nearest to you or nearest to the front.

- Before him, in the first row, sat the President.

- First in the queue were two Japanese students.

ORD
≠ last

13. first
You use first to refer to the best or most important thing or person of a particular kind.

- The first duty of any government must be to protect the interests of the taxpayers.

- Imagine winning the local lottery first prize of £5,000.

- ...first team football.

ORD

14. first
First is used in the title of the job or position of someone who has a higher rank than anyone else with the same basic job title.

- ...the First Lord of the Admiralty.

- ...the first mate of a British tanker.

ORD

15. first firsts
In British universities, a first is an honours degree of the highest standard.

- ...an Oxford Blue who took a First in Constitutional History.

N-COUNT: oft N in n

16. first
You use first of all to introduce the first of a number of things that you want to say.

- The cut in the interest rates has not had very much impact in California for two reasons. First of all, banks are still afraid to loan.

PHR: PHR with cl/group

17. first
You use at first when you are talking about what happens in the early stages of an event or experience, or just after something else has happened, in contrast to what happens later.

- At first, he seemed surprised by my questions.

- I had some difficulty at first recalling why we were there.

PHR: PHR with cl
= initially

18. first
If you say that someone or something comes first for a particular person, you mean they treat or consider that person or thing as more important than anything else.

- There's no time for boyfriends, my career comes first.

PHR: V inflects

19. first
You say ` first come first served ' to indicate that a group of people or things will be dealt with or given something in the order in which they arrive.

- There will be five buses, first come first served.

PHR

20. first
From the first means ever since something started.

- You knew about me from the first, didn't you?.

- I thought from the first that she was a little unsure about that marriage.

PHR: PHR with cl

21. first
If you learn or experience something at first hand , you experience it yourself or learn it directly rather than being told about it by other people.

- He arrived in Natal to see at first hand the effects of the recent heavy fighting.

PHR: PHR after v
= from the outset

22. first
If you say that you do not know the first thing about something , you are emphasizing that you know absolutely nothing about it.

- You don't know the first thing about farming.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

23. first
You use first off to introduce the first of a number of things that you want to say. (INFORMAL)

- First off, huge apologies for last month's confusing report.

PHR: PHR with cl

24. first
If you put someone or something first , you treat or consider them as more important than anything else.

- Somebody has to think for the child and put him first.

PHR: V inflects
= firstly

25. first
You say ` first things first ' when you are talking about something that should be done or dealt with before anything else because it is the most important.

- Let's see if we can't find something to set the mood. First things first; some music.

PHR

first

adjective

1.

foremost

chief

head

highest

leading

pre-eminent

prime

principal

ruling

2.

earliest

initial

introductory

maiden

opening

original

premier

primordial

3.

elementary

basic

cardinal

fundamental

key

primary

rudimentary

noun

from the first

4.

start

beginning

commencement

inception

introduction

outset

starting point

adverb

5.

beforehand

at the beginning

at the outset

firstly

initially

in the first place

to begin with

to start with

-first

-first
-first combines with nouns like `head' and `feet' to indicate that someone moves with the part that is mentioned pointing in the direction in which they are moving.

- He overbalanced and fell head first.

COMB in ADV: ADV after v

first aid *

first aid
First aid is simple medical treatment given as soon as possible to a person who is injured or who suddenly becomes ill.

- There are many emergencies which need prompt first aid treatment.

- ...a first aid kit.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

first born

first born
Someone's first born is their first child.

- Isobel will always have a special place in my heart; she was my first-born.

- He was the first-born son.

N-SING: oft N n also first-born .

first-class

[D.J.:ˈfɜ:stˈklæs]

[K.K.:ˈfɚstˈklæs]

adj.

最好的,第一流的,头等舱的,优秀的

adv.

最好地,第一流地,优秀地

first-class **

1. first-class
If you describe something or someone as first-class , you mean that they are extremely good and of the highest quality.

- The food was first-class.

- She has a first-class brain and is a damned good writer.

ADJ also first class .
= first-rate

2. first-class
You use first-class to describe something that is in the group that is considered to be of the highest standard.

- He officially announced his retirement from first-class cricket yesterday.

- Harriet graduated with a first class degree in literature.

- The Altea is a newly built first-class hotel.

ADJ: ADJ n also first class .

3. first-class
First-class accommodation on a train, aeroplane, or ship is the best and most expensive type of accommodation.

- ...a first-class carriage...

- He won himself two first-class tickets to fly to Dublin.

- ...first-class passengers.

ADJ: ADJ n also first class .

4. first-class
Also an adverb.

- She had never flown first class before.

ADV: ADV after v also first class .

5. first-class
First-class is the first-class accommodation on a train, aeroplane, or ship.

- He paid for and was assigned a cabin in first class.

N-UNCOUNT also first class .

6. first-class
In Britain, first-class postage is the quicker and more expensive type of postage. In the United States, first-class postage is the type of postage that is used for sending letters and postcards.

- Two first class stamps, please.

- The price of mailing a first-class letter will not be increasing this year.

ADJ: ADJ n also first class .

7. first-class
Also an adverb.

- It took six days to arrive despite being posted first class.

ADV: ADV after v also first class .

first cousin

first cousin first cousins
Someone's first cousin is the same as their cousin . Compare second cousin .
N-COUNT: oft with poss

first degree

first degree first degrees
People who have gained a higher qualification after completing a basic university degree such as a BA or a BSc refer to that basic degree as their first degree .

- He was born in Zimbabwe where he completed his first degree in economics. He then acquired an MSc (Econ) from LSE and an MBA from Harvard.

N-COUNT

first-degree

adj.

最低级的;最轻度的;第一度的

first-degree

1. first-degree
In the United States, first-degree is used to describe crimes that are considered to be the most serious of their kind. For example, first-degree murder is when a murder is planned before it is carried out.

- She was charged with first-degree murder.

- He pleaded guilty to a charge of first-degree robbery.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. first-degree
A first-degree burn is one of the least severe kind, where only the surface layer of the skin has been burnt.
ADJ: ADJ n

first ever *

first ever
Something that is the first ever one of its kind has never happened before.

- It's the first-ever meeting between leaders of the two countries.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also first-ever .

first floor *

1. first floor first floors
The first floor of a building is the floor immediately above the one at ground level. (BRIT; in AM use second floor )
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

2. first floor first floors
The first floor of a building is the one at ground level. (AM; in BRIT use ground floor )
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

first fruits

first fruits
The first fruits of a project or activity are the earliest results or profits.

- The deal is one of the first fruits of a liberalization of foreign investment law.

N-PLURAL: usu N of n

first-hand

adj.

第一手的,直接的

adv.

直接地

first hand *

1. first hand
First hand information or experience is gained or learned directly, rather than from other people or from books.

- School trips give children firsthand experience not available in the classroom.

ADJ: ADJ n also first-hand , firsthand .

2. first-hand
Also an adverb.

- We've been through Germany and seen first-hand what's happening there.

ADV: ADV after v

first lady *

1. first lady first ladies
The First Lady in a country or state is the wife of the president or state governor, or a woman who performs the official duties normally performed by the wife.

- America's First Lady stood on the sweeping staircase of the White House.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

2. first lady first ladies
If you refer to a woman as the first lady of something, you mean that you consider her to be better at the thing mentioned than any other person.

- ...the first lady of song, Ella Fitzgerald.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n

first language

first language first languages
Someone's first language is the language that they learned first and speak best; used especially when someone speaks more than one language.
N-COUNT

firstly

[D.J.:ˈfə:stli]

[K.K.:ˈfɚstli]

adv.

第一,首先

firstly *

firstly
You use firstly in speech or writing when you want to give a reason, make a point, or mention an item that will be followed by others connected with it.

- The programme is now seven years behind schedule as a result, firstly of increased costs, then of technical problems.

- Vitamin C has many roles to play in weight control. Firstly, it is needed for hormone production.

ADV: ADV with cl/group
= in the first place

First Minister

First Minister First Ministers
In the Scottish Assembly and the Northern Ireland Assembly, the First Minister is the leader of the ruling party.
N-COUNT: usu the N; N-TITLE; N-VOC

first name *

first name first names
If two people are on first-name terms , they know each other well enough to call each other by their first names, rather than having to use a more formal title.

- Her first name was Mary. I don't know what her surname was.

- The two were said to have been on first-name terms.

- Jim has been in the company for many years, and is on first-name terms with many of the board directors.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft PHR with n

first night *

first night first nights
The first night of a show, play, or performance is the first public performance of it.
N-COUNT: oft N n

first offender

first offender first offenders
A first offender is a person who has been found guilty of a crime for the first time.
N-COUNT

first-past-the-post

first-past-the-post
A first-past-the-post system for choosing members of parliament or other representatives is one in which the candidate who gets most votes wins. (BRIT)
ADJ: ADJ n

first person *

first person
A statement in the first person is a statement about yourself, or about yourself and someone else. The subject of a statement like this is `I' or `we'.

- He tells the story in the first person.

- His books are always first person narratives.

N-SING: the N

first-rate

[D.J.:ˈfɜ:stˈreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈfə..stˈret]

adj.

第一流的,最佳的;最高级的

<口>极好的,很棒的

adv.

<口>很好,极好

first-rate *

first-rate
If you say that something or someone is first-rate , you mean that they are extremely good and of the highest quality.

- People who used his service knew they were dealing with a first-rate professional.

ADJ also first rate . approval
= first-class

first-rate

adjective

excellent

crack slang

elite

exceptional

first class

outstanding

superb

superlative

top-notch informal

world-class

first school

first school first schools
A first school is a school for children aged between five and eight or nine. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

First Secretary

First Secretary First Secretaries
The First Secretary of the Welsh Assembly is the leader of the ruling party.
N-COUNT: usu the N; N-TITLE; N-VOC

first-timer

first-timer first-timers
A first-timer is someone who does something for the first time.

- Gabrielle entered this year's charts faster than any first-timer before her.

N-COUNT

First World War **

First World War
The First World War or the First War is the major war that was fought between 1914 and 1918 in Europe.
N-PROPER: the N

fir tree

fir tree fir trees
A fir tree is the same as a fir .
N-COUNT

fiscal

[D.J.:ˈfiskəl]

[K.K.:ˈfɪskəl]

adj.

政府财政的

fiscal ***

1. fiscal
Fiscal is used to describe something that relates to government money or public money, especially taxes.

- ...in 1987, when the government tightened fiscal policy.

ADJ: ADJ n
= financial

2. fiscally

- The scheme would be fiscally dangerous.

- Many members are determined to prove that they are fiscally responsible.

ADV: usu ADV adj, also ADV after v
See also procurator fiscal .

fiscal year *

fiscal year fiscal years
The fiscal year is the same as the financial year .

- ...the budget for the coming fiscal year.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

fish

[D.J.:fiʃ]

[K.K.:fɪʃ]

n.

鱼

鱼肉

vt. & vi.

捕鱼; 钓鱼

摸出, 掏出

fishes

鱼类

fishing

[D.J.:ˈfɪʃɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfɪʃɪŋ]

n.

钓鱼,捕鱼

fishing ground

渔场

fishing net

渔网

fishing population

渔民

fishing season

鱼汛期

fishing tackle

钓具

fish ****

1. fish fishes
A fish is a creature that lives in water and has a tail and fins. There are many different kinds of fish.

- An expert angler was casting his line and catching a fish every time.

- The fish were counted and an average weight recorded.

N-COUNT The form fish is usually used for the plural, but fishes can also be used

2. fish
Fish is the flesh of a fish eaten as food.

- Does dry white wine go best with fish?

N-UNCOUNT The form fish is usually used for the plural, but fishes can also be used

3. fish fishes fishing fished
If you fish , you try to catch fish, either for food or as a form of sport or recreation.

- Brian remembers learning to fish in the River Cam.

VB

4. fish fishes fishing fished
If you fish a particular area of water, you try to catch fish in it.

- On Saturday we fished the River Arno.

VB

5. fish fishes fishing fished
If you say that someone is fishing for information or praise, you disapprove of the fact that they are trying to get it from someone in an indirect way.

- He didn't want to create the impression that he was fishing for information.

- She may be fishing for a compliment and welcome your reassurance.

- `Lucinda, you don't have to talk to him!' Mike shouted. `He's just fishing.'

VB disapproval

6. fish
If you feel like a fish out of water , you do not feel comfortable or relaxed because you are in an unusual or unfamiliar situation. (INFORMAL)

- I think he thought of himself as a country gentleman and was like a fish out of water in Birmingham.

PHR: v-link PHR

7. fish
If you tell someone that there are plenty more fish in the sea , you are comforting them by saying that although their relationship with someone has failed, there are many other people they can have relationships with. (INFORMAL)
PHR

fishing ***

fishing
Fishing is the sport, hobby, or business of catching fish.

- Despite the poor weather the fishing has been pretty good.

- ...a fishing boat.

N-UNCOUNT

fish out ****

fish out fishes out; fishing out; fished out
If you fish something out from somewhere, you take or pull it out, often after searching for it for some time. (INFORMAL)

- Kelly fished out another beer from his cooler.

- She fished out a pair of David's socks for her cold feet.

PHR-V

fish and chip shop

fish and chip shop fish and chip shops
In Britain, a fish and chip shop is a shop which sells hot food such as fish and chips, fried chicken, sausages, and meat pies. The food is cooked in the shop and people take it away to eat at home or in the street.
N-COUNT
= chippy

fish cake

fish cake fish cakes
A fish cake is a mixture of fish and potato that is made into a flat round shape, covered in breadcrumbs, and fried.
N-COUNT also fishcake .

fisherman

[D.J.:ˈfiʃəˌmən]

[K.K.:ˈfɪʃəmən]

n.

渔夫, 渔民

fishermen

n.

渔夫,钓鱼者,渔船

fisherman **

fisherman fishermen
A fisherman is a person who catches fish as a job or for sport.
N-COUNT

fishery

[D.J.:ˈfɪʃəri:]

[K.K.:ˈfɪʃəri]

n.

渔场

渔业

养鱼场

fishery **

1. fishery fisheries
Fisheries are areas of the sea where fish are caught in large quantities for commercial purposes.

- ...the fisheries off Newfoundland.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= fishing ground

2. fishery fisheries
A fishery is a place where fish are bred and reared.
N-COUNT
= fish farm

fish finger

fish finger fish fingers
Fish fingers are small long pieces of fish covered in breadcrumbs. They are usually sold in frozen form. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu pl also fish-finger .

fishing rod

fishing rod fishing rods
A fishing rod is a long thin pole which has a line and hook attached to it and which is used for catching fish.
N-COUNT also fishing-rod .

fishing tackle

fishing tackle
Fishing tackle consists of all the equipment that is used in the sport of fishing, such as fishing rods, lines, hooks, and bait.
N-UNCOUNT also fishing-tackle .

fish knife

fish knife fish knives
A fish knife is a knife that you use when you eat fish. It has a wide flat blade and does not have a sharp edge.
N-COUNT

fishmonger

[D.J.:ˈfɪʃˌmʌŋgə, -ˌmɔŋ-]

[K.K.:ˈfɪʃˌmʌŋɡɚ, -ˌmɑŋ-]

n.

鱼贩;鱼商

fishmonger

1. fishmonger fishmongers
A fishmonger is a shopkeeper who sells fish. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. fishmonger fishmongers
The fishmonger or the fishmonger's is a shop where fish is sold. (mainly BRIT)

- Purchase your oysters from a reputable fishmonger.

N-COUNT: oft the N

fishnet

[D.J.:ˈfɪʃˌnet]

[K.K.:ˈfɪʃˌnɛt]

n.

鱼网,网眼布

fishnet

fishnet
Fishnet tights or stockings are made from a stretchy fabric which has wide holes between its threads, rather like the holes in a fishing net.
N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

fish slice

fish slice fish slices
A fish slice is a kitchen tool which consists of a flat part with narrow holes in it attached to a handle. It is used for turning or serving fish or other food that is cooked in a frying pan. (BRIT; in AM use spatula )
N-COUNT also fish-slice .

fishwife

[D.J.:ˈfiʃwaif]

[K.K.:ˈfɪʃˌwaɪf]

n.

卖鱼妇,嘴臭的女人

fishwife

fishwife fishwives
If you say that someone is behaving like a fishwife , you mean that they are shouting a great deal and behaving in a very unpleasant and bad-tempered way. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT disapproval

fishy

[D.J.:ˈfɪʃi:]

[K.K.:ˈfɪʃi]

adj.

<非正>可疑的;值得怀疑的

fishy

1. fishy
A fishy taste or smell reminds you of fish.
ADJ-GRADED

2. fishy
If you describe a situation as fishy , you feel that someone is not telling the truth or behaving completely honestly. (INFORMAL)

- There seems to be something fishy going on.

ADJ-GRADED
= suspicious odd

fishy

adjective

1.

suspicious

dodgy Brit. Austral. & N.Z. informal

dubious

funny informal

implausible

odd

questionable

suspect

unlikely

2.

fishlike

piscatorial

piscatory

piscine

fission

[D.J.:ˈfɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˈfɪʃən]

n.

<物>(原子的)分裂, 裂变

<生>分裂生殖

fission

fission
Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of an atom to produce a large amount of energy or cause a large explosion.
N-UNCOUNT

fissure

[D.J.:ˈfɪʃə]

[K.K.:ˈfɪʃɚ]

n.

狭长裂缝或裂隙;裂伤;分歧; 分裂

vt. & vi.

裂开

fissures

龟裂

fissure

fissure fissures
A fissure is a deep crack in something, especially in rock or in the ground.
N-COUNT

fissure

noun Informal

crack

breach

cleft

crevice

fault

fracture

opening

rift

rupture

split

fist

[D.J.:fist]

[K.K.:fɪst]

n.

拳, 拳头

fist **

1. fist fists
Your hand is referred to as your fist when you have bent your fingers in towards the palm in order to hit someone, to make an angry gesture, or to hold something.

- Angry protestors with clenched fists shouted their defiance.

- Gary clutched a penny in his fist.

N-COUNT

2. fist
An iron fist policy or approach is one which deals with people and situations in a very strict and cruel way.

- The iron-fist policy towards the fundamentalists is unlikely to be interrupted.

PHR: usu PHR n
hand over fist : see hand .

fistful

[D.J.:ˈfistful]

[K.K.:ˈfɪstˌfʊl]

n.

一撮,一把

fistful

fistful fistfuls
A fistful of things is the number of them that you can hold in your fist.

- Mandy handed him a fistful of coins.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

fisticuffs

[D.J.:ˈfistiˌkʌfs]

[K.K.:ˈfɪstɪˌkʌfs]

n.

拳斗，互殴

fisticuffs

fisticuffs
Fisticuffs is fighting in which people try to hit each other with their fists. (OLD-FASHIONED or HUMOROUS)
N-UNCOUNT

fit

[D.J.:fit]

[K.K.:fɪt]

vt. & vi.

(使)适合

试穿

vt.

安装, 配备

adj.

合适的, 适宜的

健康的

恰当的, 正当的, 得体的

n.

适合的样子, 合身

(病)发作, 昏厥, 痉挛

突然爆发

fitness

[D.J.:ˈfɪtnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈfɪtnɪs]

n.

健康

适当,适合

fitted

[ˈfitid]

adj.

配备的

fitter

[ˈfitə]

adj.

适当的,胜任的

fittest

adj.

适当的,胜任的

fitting

[D.J.:ˈfitiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfɪtɪŋ]

n.

设备, 家具, 日用器具

试穿, 试衣

adj.

适合的, 恰当的

fittingly

adv.

适切地,适合地

fittings

配件

fit 1 being right or going in the right place ****

(In American English the form fit is used in the present tense and sometimes also as the past tense and past participle of the verb.)

1. fit fits fitting fitted
If something fits , it is the right size and shape to go onto a person's body or onto a particular object.

- The sash, kimono, and other garments were made to fit a child.

- She has to go to the men's department to find trousers that fit at the waist.

- Line a tin with lightly-greased greaseproof paper, making sure the corners fit well.

VB

2. fit
If something is a good fit , it fits well.

- Eventually he was happy that the sills and doors were a reasonably good fit.

N-SING: adj N

3. fit fits fitting fitted
If you are fitted for a particular piece of clothing, you try it on so that the person who is making it can see where it needs to be altered.

- She was being fitted for her wedding dress.

VB: usu passive

4. fit fits fitting fitted
If something fits somewhere, it can be put there or is designed to be put there.

- ...a pocket computer which is small enough to fit into your pocket...

- He folded his long legs to fit under the table.

- The crowd was too large to fit inside the hall.

- ...filters are available that fit over the lens of suitable cameras.

VB
= go

5. fit fits fitting fitted
If you fit something into a particular space or place, you put it there.

- ...she fitted her key in the lock...

- Who could cut the millions of stone blocks and fit them together?.

- When the crown has been made you go back and the dentist will fit it into place.

VB

6. fit fits fitting fitted
If you fit something somewhere, you attach it there, or put it there carefully and securely.

- Fit hinge bolts to give extra support to the door lock.

- Peter had built the overhead ladders, and the next day he fitted them to the wall.

- Home spas or mini whirlpools massage and relax, and can be fitted into the bath.

VB

7. fit fits fitting fitted
If something fits something else or fits into it, it goes together well with that thing or is able to be part of it.

- Her daughter doesn't fit the current feminine ideal.

- Fostering is a full-time job and you should carefully consider how it will fit into your career.

- There's something about the way he talks of her that doesn't fit.

VB

8. fit fits fitting fitted
You can say that something fits a particular person or thing when it is appropriate or suitable for them or it.

- The punishment must always fit the crime.

VB
= match

9. fit
If something is fit for a particular purpose, it is suitable for that purpose.

- Of the seven bicycles we had, only two were fit for the road.

- ...safety measures intended to reassure consumers that the meat is fit to eat...

- Follow our guide to making your home a fit place to work, rest and play.

ADJ: oft ADJ for n, ADJ to-inf, ADJ n to-inf, ADJ n for n

10. fit
If someone is fit to do something, they have the appropriate qualities or skills that will allow them to do it.

- You're not fit to be a mother!.

- In a word, this government isn't fit to rule.

- I'm over 60 now and only fit for gardening and sleeping in a chair.

- He was not a fit companion for their skipper that particular morning.

ADJ: oft ADJ to-inf, ADJ for n, ADJ n for n, ADJ n to-inf

11. fitness

- There is a debate about his fitness for the highest office.

- If you have suffered from a serious medical condition, then you should consult your doctor about your fitness to travel.

N-UNCOUNT: N for n, N to-inf

12. fit fits fitting fitted
If something fits someone for a particular task or role, it makes them good enough or suitable for it. (FORMAL)

- ...a man whose past experience fits him for the top job in education...

- It is not a person's gender that fits them to be a minister but what is in their hearts.

VB

13. fit
If you say that something or someone is fit to produce some extreme result, you are emphasizing the extreme nature of that thing or that person's activity. (INFORMAL)

- The stink was fit to knock you down.

- ...hour after hour, the same exercises until you're fit to drop!

ADJ: v-link ADJ to-inf emphasis

14. fit
Also an adverb.

- Wally was laughing fit to burst.

- You're shivering fit to die, Gracie.

ADV: ADV after v, ADV to-inf

15. fit
If you say that someone sees fit to do something, you mean that they are entitled to do it, but that you disapprove of their decision to do it. (FORMAL)

- He's not a friend, you say, yet you saw fit to lend him money.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

fit 2 healthy ***

1. fit fitter fittest
Someone who is fit is healthy and physically strong.

- An averagely fit person can master easy ski runs within a few days.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unfit

2. fitness

- ...women who regularly engage in sports and fitness activities...

- Squash was once thought to offer all-round fitness.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

fit 3 uncontrollable movements or emotions **

1. fit fits
If someone has a fit they suddenly lose consciousness and their body makes uncontrollable movements.

- About two in every five epileptic fits occur during sleep.

- Once a fit has started there is nothing you can do to stop it.

N-COUNT
= seizure

2. fit fits
If you have a fit of coughing or laughter, you suddenly start coughing or laughing in an uncontrollable way.

- Halfway down the cigarette she had a fit of coughing.

- It was so unreal that I broke into a fit of giggles.

N-COUNT: with supp, N of n
= bout

3. fit fits
If you do something in a fit of anger or panic, you are very angry or afraid when you do it.

- Pattie shot Tom in a fit of jealous rage.

N-COUNT: N of n

4. fit
If you say that someone will have a fit when they hear about something, you mean that they will be very angry or shocked. (INFORMAL)

- Will Mrs Winterton have a fit if we add one more to the guest list at this late stage?.

- He'd have a fit if he knew what we were up to!

PHR: V inflects
= go mad

5. fit
Someone who is in fits is laughing uncontrollably.

- He was a much more entertaining person, who used to have us all in fits.

PHR: v-link PHR
= stitches

6. fit
Something that happens in fits and starts or by fits and starts keeps happening and then stopping again.

- My slimming attempts tend to go in fits and starts.

- Military technology advances by fits and starts.

PHR: PHR after v
= fitfully spasmodically

fitted *

1. fitted
A fitted piece of clothing is designed so that it is the same size and shape as your body rather than being loose.

- ...baggy trousers with fitted jackets.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= tailored

2. fitted
A fitted piece of furniture, for example a cupboard, is designed to fill a particular space and is fixed in place.

- I've re-carpeted our bedroom and added fitted wardrobes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. fitted
A fitted carpet is cut to the same shape as a room so that it covers the floor completely.

- ...fitted carpets, central heating and double glazing.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. fitted
A fitted sheet has the corners sewn so that they fit over the corners of the mattress and do not have to be folded.
ADJ: ADJ n

5. fitted
A person who is fitted to do something or fitted for something has the right qualities for it.

- Helen was ill fitted to fulfil her daughter's ideal of a gentle mother-figure.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to-inf
= suited

6. fitted
If a room is fitted with objects, those objects are in the room and are normally fixed in place.

- Bedrooms are fitted with alarm pull cords to alert the manager in an emergency.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with n, ADJ n

fitter

fitter fitters
A fitter is a person whose job is to put together, adjust, or install machinery or equipment.

- George was a fitter at the shipyard.

N-COUNT

fitting **

1. fitting fittings
A fitting is one of the smaller parts on the outside of a piece of equipment or furniture, for example a handle or a tap.

- ...brass light fittings.

- ...industrial fittings for kitchen and bathroom...

- He has made fittings for antique cars.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. fitting fittings
Fittings are things such as ovens or heaters, that are fitted inside a building, but can be removed if necessary.
N-PLURAL

3. fitting
Something that is fitting is right or suitable.

- A solitary man, it was perhaps fitting that he should have died alone.

- The President's address was a fitting end to a bitter campaign.

ADJ-GRADED
= appropriate proper

4. fittingly

- ...a fittingly eccentric figure.

- ...the four-storeyed, and fittingly named, High House...

- Fittingly, she will spend her year off training her voice to sing blues and jazz.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV before v, ADV with cl
= appropriately

5. fitting fittings
If someone has a fitting , they try on a piece of clothing that is being made for them to see if it fits.

- She lunched and shopped and went for fittings for clothes she didn't need.

N-COUNT

fit

verb

1.

match

accord

belong

conform

correspond

meet

suit

tally

2.

prepare

arm

equip

fit out

kit out

provide

3.

adapt

adjust

alter

arrange

customize

modify

shape

tweak informal

adjective

4.

appropriate

apt

becoming

correct

fitting

proper

right

seemly

suitable

5.

healthy

able-bodied

hale

in good shape

robust

strapping

trim

well

fit

noun

1.

seizure

attack

bout

convulsion

paroxysm

spasm

2.

outbreak

bout

burst

outburst

spell

fitness

noun

1.

appropriateness

aptness

competence

eligibility

propriety

readiness

suitability

2.

health

good condition

good health

robustness

strength

vigour

fitting

adjective

1.

appropriate

apposite

becoming

correct

decent

proper

right

seemly

suitable

noun

2.

accessory

attachment

component

part

piece

unit

fit in ****

1. fit in fits in; fitting in; fitted in
If you manage to fit a person or task in , you manage to find time to deal with them.

- We work long hours both outside and inside the home and we rush around trying to fit everything in.

- I find that I just can't fit in regular domestic work.

PHR-V

2. fit in fits in; fitting in; fitted in
If you fit in as part of a group, you seem to belong there because you are similar to the other people in it.

- She was great with the children and fitted in beautifully.

PHR-V

3. fit in fits in; fitting in; fitted in
If you say that someone or something fits in , you understand how they form part of a particular situation or system.

- He knew where I fitted in and what he had to do to get the best out of me.

- This fits in with what you've told me.

PHR-V

fit into ****

1. fit into fits into; fitting into; fitted into
If you fit into a particular group, you seem to belong there because you are similar to the other people in it.

- It's hard to see how he would fit into the team.

PHR-V

2. fit into fits into; fitting into; fitted into
If something fits into a particular situation or system, that seems to be the right place for it.

- Most film locations broadly fit into two categories; those on private property and those in a public place.

PHR-V
= slot into

fit out ****

fit out fits out; fitting out; fitted out
If you fit someone or something out , or you fit them up , you provide them with equipment and other things that they need.

- We helped to fit him out for a trip to the Baltic.

- I suggest we fit you up with an office suite.

- They spent 18 million pounds of Government funds fitting out the London headquarters.

PHR-V (BRIT) also fit up
= equip

fitful

[D.J.:ˈfɪtfəl]

[K.K.:ˈfɪtfəl]

adj.

一阵阵的;不规则的;不稳定的

fitfully

adv.

发作地,断断续续地

fitful

1. fitful
Something that is fitful happens for irregular periods of time or occurs at irregular times, rather than being continuous.

- Colin drifted off into a fitful sleep.

- The government is making slow and fitful progress in these negotiations.

ADJ
≠ continuous

2. fitfully

- The sun shone fitfully and then light snow blew into our faces.

ADV: ADV with v

fitful

adjective

irregular

broken

desultory

disturbed

inconstant

intermittent

spasmodic

sporadic

uneven

-fitting

-fitting
-fitting combines with adjectives or adverbs such as `close', `loose', or `tightly' to show that something is the size indicated in relation to the thing it is on, in, or next to.

- ...loose-fitting night clothes.

- ...glass bottles with tight-fitting caps.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

five

[D.J.:faɪv]

[K.K.:faɪv]

num.

五

give sb five

与某人击掌问候(或庆祝胜利)

five-finger

n.

<植>牛角花

<动>海盘车

five-finger

[D.J.:ˈfaivˌfiŋɡə]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪvˌfɪŋɡɚ]

n.

任何其叶或花呈五瓣状的植物,海盘车

five *****

1. five
Five is the number 5.
NUM

2. five
Fives is a British ball game in which you hit the ball with your hands or a bat against three walls of a court.
N-UNCOUNT

fiver

[D.J.:ˈfaivə]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪvɚ]

n.

〈英·非正〉五镑钞票

fiver *

1. fiver fivers
A fiver is a five pound note. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. fiver fivers
A fiver is a five dollar bill. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

fix

[D.J.:fiks]

[K.K.:fɪks]

vt.

修理; 校准

固定, 安装

安排; 决定, 确定

准备, 做(饭等)

n.

困境, 窘境

定位于

受操纵的事

fixed

[D.J.:fɪkst]

[K.K.:fɪkst]

adj.

固定的

确定的;稳定的

不变的;不屈的;坚定不移的

how are you, etc. fixed (for sth)?

你有多少…；你有什么安排

fixedly

adv.

固定地

不屈地;坚定不移地

fixedness

n.

固定;稳定

fixed charge

固定支出

fixedly

[D.J.:ˈfɪksɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfɪksɪdlɪ]

adv.

固定地,不动地

fixedness

n.

固定,稳固,不变

fixing

[ˈfiksiŋ]

n.

固定,稳固,设备,安装,修理,调料

fix ***

1. fix fixes fixing fixed
If something is fixed somewhere, it is attached there firmly or securely.

- It is fixed on the wall.

- Most blinds can be fixed directly to the top of the window-frame.

- He fixed a bayonet to the end of his rifle.

VB
= fasten

2. fix fixes fixing fixed
If you fix something, for example a date, price, or policy, you decide and say exactly what it will be.

- He's going to fix a time when I can see him.

- The date of the election was fixed.

- The prices of milk and cereals, are fixed annually.

VB
= set settle

3. fix fixes fixing fixed
If you fix something for someone, you arrange for it to happen or you organize it for them.

- I've fixed it for you to see Bonnie Lachlan.

- It's fixed. He's going to meet us at the airport.

- They thought that their relatives would be able to fix the visas.

- He vanished after you fixed him with a job.

- We fixed for the team to visit our headquarters.

- They'd fixed yesterday that Mike'd be in late today.

VB
= sort

4. fix fixes fixing fixed
If you fix something which is damaged or which does not work properly, you repair it.

- He cannot fix the electricity.

- If something is broken, we get it fixed.

VB
= mend

5. fix fixes fixing fixed
If you fix a problem or a bad situation, you deal with it and make it satisfactory.

- It's not too late to fix the problem, although time is clearly getting short.

- Fixing a 40-year-old wrong does not mean, however, that history can be undone.

VB
= mend

6. fix fixes
You can refer to a solution to a problem as a fix . (INFORMAL)

- Many of those changes could just be a temporary fix.

N-COUNT: usu adj N
See also quick fix .

7. fix fixes fixing fixed
If you fix your eyes on someone or something or if your eyes fix on them, you look at them with complete attention.

- She fixes her steel-blue eyes on an unsuspecting local official.

- Her soft brown eyes fixed on Kelly.

- The child kept her eyes fixed on the wall behind him.

V-ERG

8. fix fixes fixing fixed
If you fix someone with a particular kind of expression, you look at them in that way. (LITERARY)

- He took her hand and fixed her with a look of deep concern.

- He fixed me with a lopsided grin.

VB: no passive
= fasten

9. fix fixes fixing fixed
If you fix your attention on someone or something, you think about them with complete attention.

- Fix your attention on the practicalities of financing your schemes.

- Attention is fixed on the stock market.

- She kept her mind fixed on the practical problems which faced her.

VB
= fasten

10. fix fixes fixing fixed
If someone or something is fixed in your mind, you remember them well, for example because they are very important, interesting, or unusual.

- Leonard was now fixed in his mind.

- Amy watched the child's intent face eagerly, trying to fix it in her mind.

VB
= be fastened

11. fix fixes fixing fixed
If someone fixes a gun, camera, or radar on something, they point it at that thing.

- The US crew fixed its radar on the Turkish ship.

- The bore of the gun remained fixed on me.

VB
= aim train

12. fix fixes fixing fixed
If you fix the position of something, you find out exactly where it is, usually by using radar or electronic equipment.

- He had not been able to fix his position.

- The satellite fixes positions by making repeated observations of each star.

- ...accurate position fixing.

VB
= pinpoint

13. fix fixes
Also a noun.

- The army hasn't been able to get a fix on the transmitter.

N-COUNT: usu N on n

14. fix
If you get a fix on someone or something, you have a clear idea or understanding of them. (INFORMAL)

- It's been hard to get a steady fix on what's going on.

N-SING: a N on n

15. fix fixes fixing fixed
If you fix some food or a drink for someone, you make it or prepare it for them.

- Sarah fixed some food for us.

- Let me fix you a drink.

- Scotty stayed behind to fix lunch.

VB

16. fix fixes fixing fixed
If you fix your hair, clothes, or make-up, you arrange or adjust them so you look neat and tidy, showing you have taken care with your appearance. (INFORMAL)

- `I've got to fix my hair,' I said and retreated to my bedroom.

- She called a cab, fixed her face, and scrawled a hasty note to Brian.

VB: no passive
= tidy

17. fix fixes fixing fixed
If you have your teeth fixed , you have treatment from a dentist to make your teeth even, straight, and white. (INFORMAL)

- The PR man suggested that I might benefit from getting my teeth fixed.

- I wonder if Tom ever had his teeth fixed anywhere else?

VB: usu passive

18. fix fixes fixing fixed
If someone fixes a race, election, contest, or other event, they make unfair or illegal arrangements or use deception to affect the result.

- They offered opposing players bribes to fix a decisive league match against Valenciennes.

- We didn't `fix' anything. It'll be seen as it happens.

- The debate seems, in retrospect, to have been fixed from the beginning.

- ...this week's report of match-fixing.

VB disapproval
= rig

19. fix fixes
Also a noun.

- It's all a fix, a deal they've made.

N-COUNT

20. fix fixes fixing fixed
If you accuse someone of fixing prices, you accuse them of making unfair arrangements to charge a particular price for something, rather than allowing market forces to decide it.

- ...a suspected cartel that had fixed the price of steel for the construction market...

- The company is currently in dispute with the government over price fixing.

VB disapproval

21. fix fixes
An injection of an addictive drug such as heroin can be referred to as a fix . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

22. fix fixes
You can use fix to refer to an amount of something which a person gets or wants and which helps them physically or psychologically to survive. (INFORMAL)

- It turned the country into an `aid junkie', heavily dependent on its annual fix of dollars.

- The trouble with her is she needs her daily fix of publicity.

- I need my fix of sugar, sweets, and chocolate.

- ...a quick energy fix.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n, n N
= dose

23. fix
If you are in a fix , you are in a difficult situation, especially one that you have caused for yourself. (INFORMAL)

- He was in a fix.

- The government has really got itself into a fix.

- This will put us in a very difficult economic fix.

N-SING: a N, usu in/into N
= mess

24. fix fixes fixing fixed
To fix something such as a dye or photographic image means to treat it with chemicals so that it does not lose its colour or disappear.

- Certain pigment colours were painted on to dry plaster using tempera (where egg yolk is used to fix the pigment).

- The main aim of inbreeding is to standardise, to fix desirable inherited characteristics and to dispel undesirable ones.

VB
= stabilize

25. fix fixes fixing fixed
If you say that you will fix someone, you mean that you will stop their activities permanently. (INFORMAL)

- That'll fix him.

VB
= put paid to

26. fix fixes fixing fixed
If you say that you are fixing to do something, you mean that you are planning or intending to do it. (AM, INFORMAL)

- I'm fixing to go to graduate school.

- He would know when I was fixing to leave. He'd wait by the front door.

VB: only cont

fixed ***

1. fixed
You use fixed to describe something which stays the same and does not or cannot vary.

- They issue a fixed number of shares that trade publicly.

- ...a world without fixed laws...

- Tickets will be printed with fixed entry times.

- Many restaurants offer fixed-price menus.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= set ≠ varying

2. fixed
If you say that someone has fixed ideas or opinions, you mean that they do not often change their ideas and opinions, although perhaps they should.

- ...people who have fixed ideas about things.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ flexible

3. fixed
If someone has a fixed smile on their face, they are smiling even though they do not feel happy or pleased.

- I had to go through the rest of the evening with a fixed smile on my face.

ADJ

4. fixed
Someone who is of no fixed address , or in British English no fixed abode , does not have a permanent place to live. (FORMAL)

- They are not able to get a job interview because they have no fixed address.

- He's of no fixed abode and we found him on the streets.

PHR: of/with PHR, v PHR

fix

verb

1.

place

embed

establish

implant

install

locate

plant

position

set

2.

fasten

attach

bind

connect

link

secure

stick

tie

3.

decide

agree on

arrange

arrive at

determine

establish

set

settle

specify

4.

repair

correct

mend

patch up

put to rights

see to

5.

focus

direct

6.

manipulate

fiddle informal

influence

rig

noun

7.

predicament

difficulty

dilemma

embarrassment

mess

pickle informal

plight

quandary

fixed

adjective

1.

permanent

established

immovable

rigid

rooted

secure

set

2.

intent

resolute

steady

unwavering

3.

agreed

arranged

decided

definite

established

planned

resolved

settled

fix on ***

fix on fixes on; fixing on; fixed on
If you fix on a particular thing, you decide that it is the one you want and will have.

- The Vietnamese government has fixed on May 19th to celebrate his anniversary.

PHR-V

fix up ***

1. fix up fixes up; fixing up; fixed up
If you fix something up , you arrange it.

- I fixed up an appointment to see her.

- Accommodation is never fixed up in advance.

PHR-V

2. fix up fixes up; fixing up; fixed up
If you fix something up , you do work that is necessary in order to make it more suitable or attractive.

- I've fixed up Matthew's old room.

- The whole block is being fixed up.

PHR-V
= do up

3. fix up fixes up; fixing up; fixed up
If you fix someone up with something they need, you provide it for them.

- We'll fix him up with a tie.

- He was fixed up with a job.

PHR-V

fix up

verb

1.

arrange

agree on

fix

organize

plan

settle

sort out

often with with 2.

provide

arrange for

bring about

lay on

fixated

[ˈfikseitid]

adj.

(对某人[某事物])固恋，异常依恋

fixated

1. fixated
If you accuse someone of being fixated on a particular thing, you mean that they think about it to an extreme and excessive degree.

- The danger is we'll get so fixated on the technology that we will substitute hardware for people.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ on/with/by n

2. fixated
Also a combining form.

- ...a pop-fixated music journalist.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

fixation

[D.J.:fɪkˈseɪʃən]

[K.K.:fɪkˈseʃən]

n.

<心>固着,固恋

fixation

fixation fixations
If you accuse a person of having a fixation on something or someone, you mean they think about a particular subject or person to an extreme and excessive degree.

- The country's fixation on the war may delay a serious examination of domestic needs.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

fixation

noun Informal

preoccupation

complex

hang-up informal

id´ee fixe

infatuation

mania

obsession

thing informal

fixative

[D.J.:ˈfiksətiv]

[K.K.:ˈfɪksətɪv]

n.

固着物

固定剂

fixative

fixative fixatives
Fixative is a liquid used to preserve the surface of things such as a drawings or photographs.
N-MASS

fixedly

fixedly
If you stare fixedly at someone or something, you look at them steadily and continuously for a period of time. (LITERARY)

- I stared fixedly at the statue.

- She was aware that he was watching her fixedly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
= intently

fixer

[D.J.:ˈfiksə]

[K.K.:ˈfɪksɚ]

n.

固定器,定色剂,定影剂,把事情暗中完结的人,毒贩子

fixer

fixer fixers
If someone is a fixer , he or she is the sort of person who solves problems and gets things done. (JOURNALISM)

- John Wakeham seems certain to become the fixer the Prime Minister will need at election time.

N-COUNT

fixings

[D.J.:ˈfɪksɪŋz]

[K.K.:ˈfɪksɪŋz]

n.

〈美〉设备,装备;配菜

fixings

1. fixings
Fixings are extra items that are used to decorate or complete something, especially a meal. (AM)

- He bought a hot dog and had it covered with all the fixings.

N-PLURAL

2. fixings
Fixings are items such as nails and screws which are used to fix things such as furniture together.

- Have you got all the screws and fixings you need?

N-PLURAL

fixity

[D.J.:ˈfiksiti]

[K.K.:ˈfɪksɪti]

n.

固定性,固定物,不变性

fixity

fixity
If you talk about the fixity of something, you talk about the fact that it does not change or weaken. (WRITTEN)

- I have been working on exploding the myth of fixity of meaning.

- She believed in the fixity of the class system.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

fixture

[D.J.:ˈfikstʃə]

[K.K.:ˈfɪkstʃɚ]

n.

(房屋等的)固定装置

固定在某位置的人或物

fixture **

1. fixture fixtures
Fixtures are pieces of furniture or equipment, for example baths and sinks, which are fixed inside a house or other building and which stay there if you move.

- ...a detailed list of what fixtures and fittings are included in the purchase price.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. fixture fixtures
A fixture is a sports event which takes place on a particular date. (BRIT)

- City won this fixture 3-0 last season.

N-COUNT

3. fixture fixtures
If you describe someone or something as a fixture in a particular place or occasion, you mean that they always seem to be there.

- She was a fixture in New York's nightclubs.

- The cordless kettle may now be a fixture in most kitchens.

N-COUNT: usu N in n

fizz

[D.J.:fɪz]

[K.K.:fɪz]

vi.

(液体,通常指饮料)起泡,发嘶嘶声

fizz *

1. fizz fizzes fizzing fizzed
If a drink fizzes , it produces lots of little bubbles of gas and makes a sound like a long `s'.

- After a while their mother was back, holding a tray of glasses that fizzed.

VB

2. fizz
Also a noun.

- I wonder if there's any fizz left in the lemonade.

N-UNCOUNT

3. fizz fizzes fizzing fizzed
If something such as an engine fizzes , it makes a sound like a long `s'.

- When I started the engine it sparked, fizzed and went dead.

VB

4. fizz
If you say that someone puts fizz into something, you mean that they make it more interesting or exciting.

- A Brazilian public relations firm has brought some fizz into his campaign.

N-UNCOUNT
= sparkle

5. fizz
Champagne or sparkling wine is sometimes called fizz . (INFORMAL)

- ...a bottle of fizz.

N-UNCOUNT

fizz

verb

bubble

effervesce

fizzle

froth

hiss

sparkle

sputter

fizzle

[D.J.:ˈfizl]

[K.K.:ˈfɪzəl]

n.

嘶嘶声,微弱的结束,失败

vi.

发嘶嘶声,失败

fizzle

1. fizzle fizzles fizzling fizzled
If something fizzles , it ends in a weak or disappointing way after starting off strongly.

- Our relationship fizzled into nothing.

VB

2. fizzle out; fizzles out; fizzling out; fizzled out
Fizzle out means the same as fizzle .

- The railway strike fizzled out on its second day as drivers returned to work.

PHR-V
= peter out

fizzy

[ˈfizi]

adj.

嘶嘶的,泡沫腾涌的

fizzy

fizzy fizzier fizziest
Fizzy drinks are drinks that contain small bubbles of carbon dioxide. They make a sound like a long `s' when you pour them. (BRIT; in AM use carbonated )

- ...fizzy water.

- ...a can of fizzy drink.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= sparkling

fizzy

adjective

bubbly

bubbling

carbonated

effervescent

gassy

sparkling

fjord

[D.J.:fjɔ:d]

[K.K.:fjɔrd]

n.

峡湾; 海岸峡江

fjord

fjord fjords
A fjord is a strip of sea that comes into the land between high cliffs, especially in Norway.
N-COUNT: oft in names after n also fiord .

flab

[D.J.:flæb]

[K.K.:flæb]

n.

松弛

flab

flab
If you say that someone has flab , you mean they have loose flesh on their body because they are rather fat, especially when you are being critical of them.

- Don had a hefty roll of flab overhanging his waistband.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

flabbergasted

flabbergasted
If you say that you are flabbergasted by something, you are emphasizing that you are extremely surprised by it.

- Everybody was flabbergasted when I announced I was going to emigrate to Australia.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ by n, ADJ to-inf emphasis

flabbergasted

adjective

astonished

amazed

astounded

dumbfounded

lost for words

overwhelmed

speechless

staggered

stunned

flabbily

adv.

软弱地,无生气地,松弛地,无活力地

flabbiness

n.

软弱,无气力

flabby

[D.J.:ˈflæbi:]

[K.K.:ˈflæbi]

adj.

肌肉松垂的;肥胖的

flabbily

adv.

肌肉松垂地;肥胖地

flabbiness

n.

(肌肉等)不结实;松弛

flabby

1. flabby flabbier flabbiest
Flabby people are rather fat, with loose flesh over their bodies.

- He doesn't do anything physical. So he must be flabby and unfit.

- My bulging thighs and flabby stomach made me depressed.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. flabby flabbier flabbiest
If you describe something as flabby , you are criticizing it for being disorganized or wasteful.

- You hear talk about American business being flabby.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ lean

flabby

adjective

limp

baggy

drooping

flaccid

floppy

loose

pendulous

sagging

flaccid

[D.J.:ˈflæksɪd, ˈflæsɪd]

[K.K.:ˈflæksɪd, ˈflæsɪd]

adj.

不结实的,软弱的,萎软的

flaccidity

n.

不结实;松弛

flaccidness

n.

不结实;松弛

flaccidity

[ˌflækˈsiditi]

n.

软弱,没气力

flaccid

flaccid
You use flaccid to describe a part of someone's body when it is unpleasantly soft and not hard or firm.

- I picked up her wrist. It was limp and flaccid.

ADJ-GRADED
= limp

flag

[D.J.:flæɡ]

[K.K.:flæɡ]

n.

旗, 旗帜

flagged

[ˈflæɡd]

adj.

(已醉得)不能再喝的

flagging

[D.J.:ˈflæɡiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈflæɡɪŋ]

n.

铺砌石板,铺石材料,石板路

adj.

下垂的,衰弱的,委顿的,逐渐衰退(或减退、低落)的

flag ***

1. flag flags
A flag is a piece of cloth which can be attached to a pole and which is used as a sign, signal, or symbol of something, especially of a particular country.

- The Marines climbed to the roof of the embassy building to raise the American flag.

- They had raised the white flag in surrender.

N-COUNT

2. flag flags
A flag is a small piece of paper or cloth attached to a stick or pin which is sold on a flag day or used to mark a particular spot.
N-COUNT

3. flag flags
Journalists sometimes refer to the flag of a particular country or organization as a way of referring to the country or organization itself and its values or power.

- Joining John Whitaker will be his brother Michael also riding under the British flag.

- The airport was opened by Canadian troops operating under the flag of the United Nations.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu adj N, N of n

4. flag flags flagging flagged
If you flag or if your spirits flag , you begin to lose enthusiasm or energy.

- His enthusiasm was in no way flagging.

- By 4,000m he was beginning to flag.

VB

5. flag flags
A flag is the same as a flagstone .
N-COUNT

6. flag
If you fly the flag , you show that you are proud of your country, or that you support a particular cause, especially when you are in a foreign country or when few other people do.

- Steve Crabb can fly the flag with distinction for Britain in Barcelona.

PHR: V inflects

flagged

flagged
A flagged path or area of ground is covered with large, flat, square pieces of stone.

- She sat on a chair in the flagged yard.

ADJ

flag

noun

1.

banner

colours

ensign

pennant

pennon

standard

streamer

verb

2.

mark

indicate

label

note

sometimes with down 3.

hail

signal

warn

wave

flag

verb

weaken

abate

droop

fade

languish

peter out

sag

wane

weary

wilt

flagging

adjective

fading

declining

deteriorating

faltering

waning

weakening

wilting

flag down ***

flag down flags down; flagging down; flagged down
If you flag down a vehicle, especially a taxi, you wave at it as a signal for the driver to stop.

- They flagged down a passing family who stopped to help them.

- They flagged a car down.

PHR-V
= hail

flag day

flag day flag days
In Britain, a flag day is a day on which people collect money for a charity from people in the street. People are given a small sticker to wear to show that they have given money.
N-COUNT

Flag Day

Flag Day
In the United States, Flag Day is the 14th of June, the anniversary of the day in 1777 when the Stars and Stripes became the official U.S. flag.
N-UNCOUNT

flagellation

[D.J.:ˌflædʒeˈleiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌflædʒəˈleʃən]

n.

鞭打,鞭挞

flagellation

flagellation
Flagellation is the act of beating yourself or someone else, usually as a religious punishment. (FORMAL)

- There is a ceremony of prayer and flagellation before the dancing begins.

N-UNCOUNT

flagon

[D.J.:ˈflæɡən]

[K.K.:ˈflæɡən]

n.

酒壶,大肚酒瓶

flagon

1. flagon flagons
A flagon is a wide bottle in which liquids such as wine are sold.
N-COUNT

2. flagon flagons
A flagon is a jug with a narrow neck in which wine or another drink is served.
N-COUNT

flagpole

[D.J.:ˈflæɡˌpəul]

[K.K.:ˈflæɡˌpol]

n.

旗杆

flagpole

flagpole flagpoles
A flagpole is a tall pole on which a flag can be displayed.

- The new Namibian flag was hoisted up the flagpole.

N-COUNT

flagrant

[D.J.:ˈfleɪgrənt]

[K.K.:ˈfleɡrənt]

adj.

罪恶昭彰的;公然的

flagrantly

adv.

罪恶昭彰地

flagrantly

adv.

千真万确地,极恶地

flagrant *

1. flagrant
You can use flagrant to describe an action, situation, or someone's behaviour that you find extremely bad or shocking in a very obvious way.

- The judge called the decision `a flagrant violation of international law'.

- His failure to turn his attention to flagrant wastes of public money is inexcusable.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n disapproval
= blatant

2. flagrantly

- It is a situation where basic human rights are being flagrantly abused.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj
= blatantly

flagrant

adjective

outrageous

barefaced

blatant

brazen

glaring

heinous

scandalous

shameless

flagship

[D.J.:ˈflæɡˌʃip]

[K.K.:ˈflæɡˌʃɪp]

n.

(舰队的)旗舰

flagship *

1. flagship flagships
A flagship is the most important ship in a fleet of ships, especially the one on which the commander of the fleet is sailing.
N-COUNT

2. flagship flagships
The flagship of a group of things that are owned or produced by a particular organization is the most important one.

- The hospital has been the government's flagship, leading the health service reforms.

- The company plans to open a flagship store in New York this month.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

flagstaff

[D.J.:ˈflæɡstɑ:f]

[K.K.:ˈflæɡˌstæf]

n.

旗杆

flagstaff

flagstaff flagstaffs
A flagstaff is the same as a flagpole .
N-COUNT

flagstone

[D.J.:ˈflægˌstəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈflæɡˌston]

n.

石板;铺石路

flagstone

flagstone flagstones
Flagstones are large, flat, square pieces of stone which are used for covering a path or area of ground.
N-COUNT: usu pl

flagstone

noun

paving stone

block

flag

slab

flag-waving

[D.J.:ˈflægˌweɪvɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈflæɡˌwevɪŋ]

n.

沙文主义情绪的强烈表现,狂热的爱国主义

adj.

狂热的爱国主义的

flag-waving

flag-waving
You can use flag-waving to refer to the expression of feelings for a country in a loud or exaggerated way, especially when you disapprove of this.

- The real costs of the war have been ignored in the flag-waving of recent months.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

flail

[D.J.:fleɪl]

[K.K.:flel]

n.

(脱粒用的)连枷

vt.

用连枷脱粒

鞭打;抽打

(臂或腿)无法控制地乱动

flail tank

扫雷坦克

flail *

1. flail flails flailing flailed
If your arms or legs flail or if you flail them about, they wave about in an energetic but uncontrolled way.

- His arms were flailing in all directions.

- He gave a choked cry, flailed his arms wildly for a moment, and then went over the edge.

V-ERG

2. flail around flails around; flailing around; flailed around
Flail around means the same as flail .

- He starting flailing around and hitting Vincent in the chest.

PHR-V

3. flail flails
A flail is a tool which consists of a piece of wood or metal that can swing freely from a handle. Flails are used to beat crops such as corn in order to separate the grain from the rest of the plant.
N-COUNT

flail

verb

thrash

beat

thresh

windmill

flair

[D.J.:fleə]

[K.K.:flɛr]

n.

天资;天分；眼光;才华

flair *

1. flair
If you have a flair for a particular thing, you have a natural ability to do it well.

- ...a friend who has a flair for languages.

N-SING: N for n
= talent gift

2. flair
If you have flair , you do things in an original, interesting, and stylish way.

- Their work has all the usual punch, panache and flair you'd expect.

N-UNCOUNT approval
= style panache

flair

noun

1.

ability

aptitude

faculty

feel

genius

gift

knack

mastery

talent

2.

style

chic

dash

discernment

elegance

panache

stylishness

taste

flak

[D.J.:flæk]

[K.K.:flæk]

n.

高射炮

高射炮火

强烈的批评

get/take (the) flak (for sth)

(为某事) 受到严厉批评

flak *

flak
If you get a lot of flak from someone, they criticize you severely. If you take the flak , you get the blame for something. (INFORMAL)

- The President is getting a lot of flak for that.

- In recent years they have attracted more than their fair share of flak from the press.

N-UNCOUNT

flake

[D.J.:fleik]

[K.K.:flek]

n.

小而轻的薄片

flaked

[fleikt]

adj.

精疲力竭的,失去知觉的,睡去的

flakes

鳞片

flaking

[ˈfleikiŋ]

n.

刨成片,压成片

flake *

1. flake flakes
A flake is a small thin piece of something, especially one that has broken off a larger piece.

- ...flakes of paint...

- Large flakes of snow began swiftly to fall.

- ...oat flakes.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n, n N

2. flake flakes flaking flaked
If something such as paint flakes , small thin pieces of it come off.

- They can see how its colours have faded and where paint has flaked.

VB

3. flake off flakes off; flaking off; flaked off
Flake off means the same as flake .

- The surface corrosion was worst where the paint had flaked off.

PHR-V

4. flake flakes flaking flaked
If a food such as fish flakes , or if you flake it, it breaks into small thin pieces.

- Fry until the fish flakes.

- Skin, bone and flake the fish.

- ...flaked almonds.

V-ERG

flake

noun

1.

wafer

layer

peeling

scale

shaving

sliver

verb

2.

blister

chip

peel (off)

flake out *

flake out flakes out; flaking out; flaked out
If you flake out , you collapse, go to sleep, or totally relax because you are very tired. (INFORMAL)

- If he flakes out before I get back, just cover him with a blanket.

- Ireland is not for you if you want to flake out on a beach.

PHR-V

flake out

verb

collapse

faint

keel over

pass out

flak jacket

flak jacket flak jackets.
A flak jacket is a thick sleeveless jacket that soldiers and policemen sometimes wear to protect themselves against bullets.
N-COUNT

flaky

[D.J.:ˈfleiki]

[K.K.:ˈfleki]

adj.

薄片的,成片的,薄而易剥落的,〈美俚〉极古怪的,与常人不同的

flaky

1. flaky
Something that is flaky breaks easily into small thin pieces or tends to come off in small thin pieces.

- ...a small patch of red, flaky skin.

ADJ-GRADED

2. flaky
If you describe an idea, argument, or person as flaky , you mean that they are rather eccentric and unreliable. (INFORMAL)

- He wondered if the idea wasn't just a little too flaky, a little too outlandish.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

flamboyance

[D.J.:flæmˈbɔɪəns]

[K.K.:flæmˈbɔɪəns]

n.

火红

艳丽

flamboyant

[D.J.:flæmˈbɔɪənt]

[K.K.:flæmˈbɔɪənt]

adj.

(人或物)显眼的, 浮夸的, 炫耀的

flamboyant *

1. flamboyant
If you say that someone or something is flamboyant , you mean that they are very noticeable, stylish, and exciting.

- Freddie Mercury was a flamboyant star of the British hard rock scene.

- ...his lightning speed and flamboyant, aggressive style of play...

- He wears flamboyant clothes more suited to a rock star than a literary figure.

ADJ-GRADED

2. flamboyance

- Campese was his usual mixture of flamboyance and flair.

N-UNCOUNT

3. flamboyantly

- She dressed flamboyantly so that everyone would remember her.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

flamboyant

adjective

1.

extravagant

dashing

elaborate

florid

ornate

ostentatious

showy

swashbuckling

theatrical

2.

colourful

brilliant

dazzling

glamorous

glitzy slang

flame

[D.J.:fleim]

[K.K.:flem]

n.

火焰, 火舌

flaming

[D.J.:ˈfleɪmɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈflemɪŋ]

adj.

着火的;燃烧的

明亮的

flame **

1. flame flames
A flame is a hot bright stream of burning gas that comes from something that is burning.

- The heat from the flames was so intense that roads melted.

- ...a huge ball of flame.

N-VAR

2. flame flames flaming flamed
If someone's face flames , it suddenly looks red, usually because they are angry. (WRITTEN)

- Her cheeks flamed an angry red.

- Christopher's listening face flamed at the contempt.

VB

3. flame flames
You can refer to a feeling of passion or anger as a flame of passion or a flame of anger.

- ...that burning flame of love.

N-COUNT: with supp

4. flame
If something bursts into flames or bursts into flame , it suddenly starts burning strongly.

- She managed to scramble out of the vehicle as it burst into flames.

PHR: V inflects

5. flame
If someone or something fans the flames of a situation or feeling, usually a bad one, they make it more intense or extreme in some way.

- He accused the Tories of `fanning the flames of extremism'.

PHR: V inflects

6. flame
If something goes up in flames , it starts to burn strongly and is destroyed.

- Fires broke out everywhere, the entire city went up in flames.

PHR: V inflects

7. flame
Something that is in flames is on fire.
PHR: v-link PHR

flaming *

1. flaming
Flaming is used to describe something that is burning and producing a lot of flames.

- The plane, which was full of fuel, scattered flaming fragments over a large area.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= blazing

2. flaming
Something that is flaming red or orange is bright red or orange in colour.

- He has flaming red hair.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. flaming
A flaming row or a flaming temper, for example, is a very angry row or a very bad temper.

- She has had a flaming row with her lover.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

4. flaming
Some people use flaming to emphasize what they are saying, especially when they are annoyed. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- Farmers don't need much prompting to tell you that `flaming dog owners' are the scourge of their lives.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

5. flaming
Also an adverb.

- Oh God, you get so flaming worked up about everything.

ADV: ADV adj/adv

flame

noun

1.

fire

blaze

brightness

light

2.

sweetheart

beau

boyfriend

girlfriend

heart-throb Brit.

lover

verb

3.

burn

blaze

flare

flash

glare

glow

shine

flaming

adjective Informal

burning

ablaze

blazing

fiery

glowing

raging

red-hot

flamenco

[D.J.:fləˈmeŋkəʊ]

[K.K.:fləˈmɛŋko]

n.

弗拉曼柯舞曲(西班牙吉卜赛人的舞蹈)

flamenco *

flamenco flamencos
Flamenco is a Spanish dance that is danced to a special type of guitar music.
N-VAR

flameproof

[D.J.:ˈfleimpru:f]

[K.K.:ˈflemˌpruf]

adj.

防火的

flameproof

flameproof
Flameproof cooking dishes can withstand direct heat, so they can be used, for example, on top of a cooker or stove, or under a grill.
ADJ: usu ADJ n also flame-proof .

flame-retardant

flame-retardant
Flame-retardant is the same as fire-retardant .
ADJ

flame-thrower

[D.J.:ˈfleɪmˌθrəʊə]

[K.K.:ˈflemˌθroɚ]

n.

火焰喷射器

flame-thrower

flame-thrower flame-throwers
A flame-thrower is a gun that can send out a stream of burning liquid and that is used as a weapon or for clearing plants from an area of ground.
N-COUNT also flame thrower .

flamingo

[D.J.:fləˈmɪŋgəʊ]

[K.K.:fləˈmɪŋɡo]

n.

红鹳,火烈鸟(羽毛粉红、长颈的大涉禽)

flamingo

flamingo flamingos or flamingoes
A flamingo is a bird with pink feathers, long thin legs, a long neck, and a curved beak. Flamingos live near water in warm countries.
N-COUNT

flammable

[D.J.:ˈflæməbəl]

[K.K.:ˈflæməbəl]

adj.

易燃的,可燃的

flammable

flammable
Flammable chemicals, gases, cloth, or other things catch fire and burn easily.

- ...flammable liquids such as petrol or paraffin.

ADJ-GRADED
= inflammable ≠ non-flammable

flan

[D.J.:flæn,flɑ:n]

[K.K.:flæn, flɑn, flɑŋ]

n.

果馅饼,(轧制钱币的)坯子

flan

flan flans
A flan is a food that has a base and sides of pastry or sponge cake. The base is filled with fruit or savoury food.
N-VAR

flange

[D.J.:flændʒ]

[K.K.:flændʒ]

n.

(机械等的)凸缘,(火车的)轮缘

flange

flange flanges
A flange is a projecting edge on an object. Its purpose is to strengthen the object or to connect it to another object.
N-COUNT

flank

[D.J.:flæŋk]

[K.K.:flæŋk]

n.

胁, 侧腹, 侧边

侧翼

vt.

位于…之侧面

flanks

石侧面;拱侧翼

flank **

1. flank flanks
An animal's flank is its side, between the ribs and the hip.

- He put his hand on the dog's flank.

N-COUNT

2. flank flanks
A flank of an army or navy force is one side of it when it is organized for battle.

- The assault element, led by Captain Ramirez, opened up from their right flank.

N-COUNT

3. flank flanks
The side of anything large can be referred to as its flank .

- They continued along the flank of the mountain.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

4. flank flanks flanking flanked
If something is flanked by things, it has them on both sides of it, or sometimes on one side of it.

- The altar was flanked by two Christmas trees.

- Bookcases flank the bed.

- She crossed the room and sat in the armchair flanking the window seat.

- He walks briskly, flanked by heavily armed guards.

VB

flank

noun

1.

side

hip

loin

thigh

2.

wing

side

flannel

[D.J.:ˈflænəl]

[K.K.:ˈflænəl]

n.

法兰绒

flannel *

1. flannel
Flannel is a soft cloth, usually made of cotton or wool, that is used for making clothes.

- He wore a faded red flannel shirt.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. flannel flannels
Flannels are men's trousers made of flannel. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...respectable young chaps, dressed in flannels and blazers.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

3. flannel flannels
A flannel is a small cloth that you use for washing yourself. (BRIT; in AM use washcloth )
N-COUNT

4. flannel
If you describe what someone has said as flannel , you disapprove because they have said a lot but they have avoided telling you what you wanted to know. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- No amount of flannel could disguise that this was, at best, a minimalist solution.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= waffle

flap

[D.J.:flæp]

[K.K.:flæp]

vt. & vi.

(使)上下左右移动

轻拍

vi.

焦急, 焦虑

n.

片状垂悬物

拍打, 拍击

激动, 慌乱状态

flaps

[flæps]

n.

(兽医)马唇肿胀

flap **

1. flap flaps flapping flapped
If something such as a piece of cloth or paper flaps or if you flap it, it moves quickly up and down or from side to side.

- Grey sheets flapped on the clothes line.

- They would flap bath towels from their balconies as they chatted.

V-ERG
= flutter

2. flap flaps flapping flapped
If a bird or insect flaps its wings or if its wings flap , the wings move quickly up and down.

- The bird flapped its wings furiously.

- A pigeon emerges, wings flapping noisily, from the tower.

V-ERG

3. flap flaps flapping flapped
If you flap your arms, you move them quickly up and down as if they were the wings of a bird.

- ...a kid running and flapping her arms.

VB

4. flap flaps
A flap of cloth or skin, for example, is a flat piece of it that can move freely up and down or from side to side because it is held or attached by only one edge.

- He drew back the tent flap and strode out into the blizzard.

- ...a loose flap of skin.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

5. flap flaps
A flap on the wing of an aircraft is an area along the edge of the wing that can be raised or lowered to control the movement of the aircraft.

- ...the sudden slowing as the flaps were lowered.

N-COUNT

6. flap flaps
A flap is a sudden noise or movement made by a bird's wing or by a piece of paper or cloth when it flaps.

- Nothing to be heard but the soft flap of a silk banner.

N-COUNT
= flutter

7. flap
Someone who is in a flap is in a state of great excitement, worry, or panic. (INFORMAL)

- Why did people get in a flap over nuclear energy?.

- Wherever he goes there's always a flap.

N-SING: a N, oft in a N

flap

verb

1.

flutter

beat

flail

shake

thrash

vibrate

wag

wave

noun

2.

flutter

beating

shaking

swinging

swish

waving

3.

panic

agitation

commotion

fluster

state informal

sweat informal

tizzy informal

flapjack

[D.J.:ˈflæpdʒæk]

[K.K.:ˈflæpˌdʒæk]

n.

烙饼,大薄煎饼,烤饼,小粉盒

flapjack

1. flapjack flapjacks
Flapjacks are thick biscuits made from oats, butter, and syrup. (BRIT)
N-VAR

2. flapjack flapjacks
Flapjacks are thin, flat, circular pieces of cooked batter made of milk, flour, and eggs. Flapjacks are usually rolled up or folded and eaten hot with a sweet or savoury filling. (AM)
N-COUNT
= pancakes

flare

[D.J.:flɛə]

[K.K.:flɛr]

vt. & vi.

(使)闪耀；(使)闪亮；(使)照耀；(使)燃烧

(使)(衣裙、酒杯等)呈喇叭形展开

(使)鼻孔张大

(使)(船舷)外倾

(使)(飞机着陆前)滑行平飞

vi.

突发；突然发怒

n.

摇曳的火焰；闪光

闪光信号；照明弹

炫耀；招摇

(声音、怒气等的)爆发

(衣裙、酒杯等的)呈喇叭形展开

(船舷的)外倾

(太阳的)耀斑

(皮肤的)红肿块

flared

adj.

向外展开的(裙、裤)

flares

[fleəz]

n.

喇叭裤

flaring

[D.J.:ˈfleərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈflɛrɪŋ]

adj.

火焰摇曳的；闪耀的，闪烁的

张开的；喇叭形的；外倾的

花哨的；俗丽的

flare **

1. flare flares
A flare is a small device that produces a bright flame. Flares are used as signals, for example on ships.

- ...a ship which had fired a distress flare.

N-COUNT

2. flare flares flaring flared
If a fire flares , the flames suddenly become larger.

- Camp fires flared like beacons in the dark.

VB

3. flare up flares up; flaring up; flared up
Flare up means the same as flare .

- Don't spill too much fat on the barbecue as it could flare up.

PHR-V

4. flare flares flaring flared
If something such as trouble, violence, or conflict flares , it starts or becomes more violent.

- Even as the President appealed for calm, trouble flared in several American cities.

VB

5. flare up flares up; flaring up; flared up
Flare up means the same as flare .

- Dozens of people were injured as fighting flared up.

PHR-V

6. flare flares flaring flared
If people's tempers flare , they get angry.

- Tempers flared and harsh words were exchanged.

VB

7. flare flares flaring flared
If someone's nostrils flare or if they flare them, their nostrils become wider, often because the person is angry or upset.

- I turned to Jacky, my nostrils flaring in disgust.

- He stuck out his tongue and flared his nostrils.

V-ERG

8. flare flares flaring flared
If something such as a dress flares , it spreads outwards at one end to form a wide shape.

- ...a simple black dress, cut to flare from the hips.

VB

9. flare flares
Flares are trousers that are very wide at the bottom.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

flare up **

flare up flares up; flaring up; flared up
If a disease or injury flares up , it suddenly returns or becomes painful again.

- Students often find that their acne flares up before and during exams.

PHR-V
See also flare 2, 3, flare-up .

flared

flared
Flared skirts or trousers are wider at the bottom or at the end of the legs than at the top.

- In the 1970s they all had flared trousers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

flare

verb Informal

1.

blaze

burn up

flicker

glare

2.

widen

broaden

spread out

noun

3.

flame

blaze

burst

flash

flicker

glare

flare up

verb

lose one's temper

blow one's top informal

boil over

explode

fly off the handle informal

throw a tantrum

flare-up

[D.J.:ˈfleərˌʌp]

[K.K.:ˈflɛrˌʌp]

n.

火焰、光等的骤发,骤燃,怒气(或疾病)的发作,昙花一现式的出名,喧笑

flare-up *

flare-up flare-ups
If there is a flare-up of violence or of an illness, it suddenly starts or gets worse.

- There's been a flare-up of violence in South Africa.

- ...a flare-up in her arthritis.

N-COUNT: usu a N of/in n

flash

[D.J.:flæʃ]

[K.K.:flæʃ]

vt. & vi.

发出闪光

vt.

闪耀, 闪现

flashing

[D.J.:ˈflæʃiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈflæʃɪŋ]

n.

闪光,防水板,遮雨板

flash ***

1. flash flashes
A flash is a sudden burst of light or of something shiny or bright.

- A sudden flash of lightning lit everything up for a second.

- The wire snapped at the wall plug with a blue flash and the light fused.

- A jay emerged from the juniper bush in a flash of blue feathers.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. flash flashes flashing flashed
If a light flashes or if you flash a light, it shines with a sudden bright light, especially as quick, regular flashes of light.

- Lightning flashed among the distant dark clouds.

- He lost his temper after a driver flashed her headlights as he overtook.

- He flashed his light into the boat and saw the fishing-line.

- He saw the flashing lights of the highway patrol car in his driving mirror.

V-ERG

3. flash flashes
You talk about a flash of something when you are saying that it happens very suddenly and unexpectedly.

- `What did Moira tell you?' Liz demanded with a flash of anger.

- When pursued, he made his escape with a flash of speed.

- The essays could do with a flash of wit or humor.

N-COUNT: with supp, N of n
= burst

4. flash flashes flashing flashed
If something flashes past or by, it moves past you so fast that you cannot see it properly.

- It was a busy road, cars flashed by every few minutes.

- ...the ball flashed across the face of the goal.

VB

5. flash flashes flashing flashed
If something flashes through or into your mind, you suddenly think about it.

- A ludicrous thought flashed through Harry's mind.

- Those lines of Milton flashed into my mind.

VB

6. flash flashes flashing flashed
If you flash something such as an identity card, you show it to people quickly and then put it away again. (INFORMAL)

- Halim flashed his official card, and managed to get hold of a soldier to guard the Land Rover.

VB

7. flash flashes flashing flashed
If a picture or message flashes up on a screen, or if you flash it onto a screen, it is displayed there briefly or suddenly, and often repeatedly.

- The figures flash up on the scoreboard.

- The words `Good Luck' were flashing on the screen.

- Researchers flash two groups of different letters on a computer screen.

- The screen flashes a message: Try again.

- A list of items is repeatedly flashed up on the screen.

V-ERG

8. flash flashes flashing flashed
If you flash news or information to a place, you send it there quickly by computer, satellite, or other system.

- They had told their offices to flash the news as soon as it broke.

- This is, of course, international news and soon it was being flashed around the world.

VB

9. flash flashes flashing flashed
If you flash a look or a smile at someone, you suddenly look at them or smile at them. (WRITTEN)

- I flashed a look at Sue.

- Meg flashed Cissie a grateful smile.

VB

10. flash flashes flashing flashed
If someone's eyes flash , they suddenly show a strong emotion, especially anger. (LITERARY)

- Her dark eyes flashed and she spoke rapidly.

VB
= glitter

11. flash
Flash is the use of special bulbs to give more light when taking a photograph.

- He was one of the first people to use high speed flash in bird photography.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

12. flash flashes
A flash is the same as a flashlight . (AM, INFORMAL)

- Stopping to rest, Pete shut off the flash.

N-COUNT

13. flash
If you describe something as flash , you mean that it looks expensive, fashionable, and new. (INFORMAL)

- ...a flash uptown restaurant...

- You can go for a `rostrum' system, which sounds flash, but can be assembled quite cheaply if you buy used equipment.

ADJ-GRADED
= smart

14. flash
If you describe an achievement or success as a flash in the pan , you mean that it is unlikely to be repeated and is not an indication of future achievements or success.

- People will be looking in to see how good we are now and whether our success has just been a flash in the pan.

PHR: usu v-link PHR disapproval
= one-off

15. flash
If you say that something happens in a flash , you mean that it happens suddenly and lasts only a very short time.

- The answer had come to him in a flash.

- It was done in a flash.

PHR: usu PHR after v

16. flash
If you say that someone reacts to something quick as a flash , you mean that they react to it extremely quickly.

- Quick as a flash, the man said, `I have to, don't I?'

PHR

flash

noun

1.

blaze

burst

dazzle

flare

flicker

gleam

shimmer

spark

streak

2.

moment

instant

jiffy informal

second

split second

trice

twinkling of an eye

adjective

3.

ostentatious

tacky informal

tasteless

vulgar

verb

4.

blaze

flare

flicker

glare

gleam

shimmer

sparkle

twinkle

5.

speed

dart

dash

fly

race

shoot

streak

whistle

zoom

6.

show

display

exhibit

expose

flaunt

flourish

flash back ***

flash back flashes back; flashing back; flashed back
If your mind flashes back to something in the past, you remember it or think of it briefly or suddenly.

- His mind kept flashing back to the previous night.

- Thoughts inevitably flash back to 1914, when trouble in this part of the Balkans led all the way to world war.

PHR-V
= return

See also flashback .

flashback

[D.J.:ˈflæʃbæk]

[K.K.:ˈflæʃˌbæk]

n.

(文学和电影中)闪回; 倒叙

flashback *

1. flashback flashbacks
In a film, novel, or play, a flashback to the past is a scene that returns to events in the past.

- There is even a flashback to the murder itself.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

2. flashback flashbacks
If you have a flashback to a past experience, you have a sudden and very clear memory of it.

- He has recurring flashbacks to the night his friends died.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

flashbulb

[D.J.:ˈflæʃˌbʌlb]

[K.K.:ˈflæʃˌbʌlb]

n.

闪光灯泡

flashbulb

flashbulb flashbulbs
A flashbulb is a small bulb that can be fixed to a camera. It makes a bright flash of light so that you can take photographs indoors.
N-COUNT also flash bulb .

flash card

flash card flash cards
Flash cards are cards which are sometimes used in the teaching of reading or a foreign language. Each card has words or a picture on it.
N-COUNT also flashcard .

flasher

[D.J.:ˈflæʃə]

[K.K.:ˈflæʃɚ]

n.

使灯光忽明忽灭的装置,发出闪光之物

flasher

flasher flashers
A flasher is a man who deliberately exposes his genitals to people in public places, especially in front of women. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

flash flood

flash flood flash floods
A flash flood is a sudden rush of water over dry land, usually caused by a great deal of rain.
N-COUNT

flashgun

[D.J.:ˈflæʃˌgʌn]

[K.K.:ˈflæʃˌɡʌn]

n.

闪光操纵器

flashgun

flashgun flashguns
A flashgun is a device that you can attach to, or that is part of, a camera. It makes bright flashes of light so that you can take photographs indoors.
N-COUNT

flashlight

[D.J.:ˈflæʃˌlaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈflæʃˌlaɪt]

n.

手电筒

flashlight *

flashlight flashlights
A flashlight is a small electric light which gets its power from batteries and which you can carry in your hand. (mainly AM; in BRIT use torch )

- Len studied it a moment in the beam of his flashlight.

- The troopers, by flashlight, were searching the immediate area.

N-COUNT: also by N
= torch

flashpoint

1. flashpoint flashpoints
A flashpoint is the moment at which a conflict, especially a political conflict, suddenly gets worse and becomes violent.

- The immediate flashpoint was Wednesday's big rally in the city centre.

- There are still plenty of potential flashpoints in relations between the two countries.

N-VAR
= crisis

2. flashpoint flashpoints
A flashpoint is a place which people think is dangerous because political trouble may start there and then spread to other towns or countries.

- The more serious flashpoints are outside the capital.

- It could become the next Balkan flashpoint.

N-COUNT
= danger spot

flashy

[D.J.:ˈflæʃi]

[K.K.:ˈflæʃi]

adj.

俗丽的, 浮华的, 虚饰的

flashy *

flashy flashier flashiest
If you describe a person or thing as flashy , you mean they are smart and noticeable, but in a rather vulgar way. (INFORMAL)

- He was much less flashy than his brother.

- ...a flashy sports car.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

flashy

adjective Informal

showy

flamboyant

garish

gaudy

glitzy slang

jazzy informal

ostentatious

snazzy informal

flask

[D.J.:flɑ:sk]

[K.K.:flæsk]

n.

瓶, 长颈瓶; 〈化〉烧瓶

flask *

1. flask flasks
A flask is a bottle which you use for carrying drinks around with you.

- He took out a metal flask from a canvas bag.

N-COUNT

2. flask flasks
A flask of liquid is the flask and the liquid which it contains.

- There's some sandwiches here and a flask of coffee.

N-COUNT: N of n

3. flask flasks
A flask is a bottle or other container which is used in science laboratories and industry for holding liquids.

- Flasks for the transport of spent fuel are extremely strong containers made of steel or steel and lead.

N-COUNT

flat

[D.J.:flæt]

[K.K.:flæt]

adj.

平的, 扁平的, 平坦的

单调的, 沉闷的

n.

一套房间, 公寓套房

flatly

[D.J.:ˈflætlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈflætɪ]

adv.

断然地；干脆地；直截了当地

单调地;冷漠地

平坦地

flatness

[ˈflætnis]

n.

平面

flatter

[D.J.:ˈflætə]

[K.K.:ˈflætɚ]

vt.

向…奉承; 阿谀

给以愉快的感觉

flattering

[ˈflætəriŋ]

adj.

谄媚的, 讨好的

flat ****

1. flat flats
A flat is a set of rooms for living in, usually on one floor and part of a larger building. A flat usually includes a kitchen and bathroom. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use apartment )

- Sara lives with her husband and children in a flat in central London.

- It started a fire in a block of flats.

- Later on, Victor from flat 10 called.

N-COUNT: also N num
= apartment

2. flat flatter flattest
Something that is flat is level, smooth, or even, rather than sloping, curved, or uneven.

- Tiles can be fixed to any surface as long as it's flat, firm and dry.

- After a moment his right hand moved across the cloth, smoothing it flat.

- ...windows which a thief can reach from a drainpipe or flat roof...

- The sea was calm, perfectly flat.

ADJ-GRADED

3. flat
Flat means horizontal and not upright.

- Two men near him threw themselves flat.

- As heartburn is usually worse when you're lying down in bed, you should avoid lying flat.

ADJ: ADJ n, v-link ADJ, ADJ after v

4. flat flatter flattest
A flat object is not very tall or deep in relation to its length and width.

- Ellen is walking down the drive with a square flat box balanced on one hand. It's a health food pizza, she declares.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= shallow ≠ deep

5. flat flatter flattest
Flat land is level, with no high hills or other raised parts.

- To the north lie the flat and fertile farmlands of the Solway plain.

- The landscape became wider, flatter and very scenic.

- The highway stretched out flat and straight ahead.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n, v-link ADJ, ADJ after v

6. flatness

- Notice the flatness and the rich, red earth.

N-UNCOUNT

7. flat flats
A low flat area of uncultivated land, especially an area where the ground is soft and wet, can be referred to as flats or a flat .

- The salt marshes and mud flats attract large numbers of waterfowl.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu n N

8. flat flats
You can refer to one of the broad flat surfaces of an object as the flat of that object.

- He slammed the counter with the flat of his hand.

- ...eight cloves of garlic crushed with the flat of a knife.

N-COUNT: usu sing, the N of n

9. flat flatter flattest
Flat shoes have no heels or very low heels.

- People wear slacks, sweaters, flat shoes, and all manner of casual attire for travel.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ high-heeled

10. flat flats
Flats are flat shoes. (AM)

- His mother looked ten years younger in jeans and flats like a teenager.

N-PLURAL

11. flat flatter flattest
A flat tyre, ball, or balloon does not have enough air in it.
ADJ-GRADED

12. flat flats
A flat is a tyre that does not have enough air in it.

- Then, after I finally got back on the highway, I developed a flat.

N-COUNT

13. flat flatter flattest
A drink that is flat is no longer fizzy.

- Could this really stop the champagne from going flat?

ADJ-GRADED
≠ effervescent

14. flat flatter flattest
A flat battery has lost some or all of its electrical charge. (mainly BRIT; in AM use dead )

- His car alarm had been going off for two days and, as a result, the battery was flat.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ charged

15. flat flatter flattest
If you have flat feet, the arches of your feet are too low.

- The condition of flat feet runs in families.

ADJ-GRADED

16. flat
A flat denial or refusal is definite and firm, and is unlikely to be changed.

- The Foreign Ministry has issued a flat denial of any involvement.

- She is likely to give you a flat refusal.

ADJ: ADJ n

17. flatly

- Michael flatly denied virtually every rumour.

- He flatly refused to discuss it.

- I could use some money, Sarah told him flatly.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

18. flat
If you say that something happened, for example, in ten seconds flat or ten minutes flat , you are emphasizing that it happened surprisingly quickly and only took ten seconds or ten minutes.

- `You're sitting behind an engine that'll move you from 0 to 60mph in six seconds flat.

- I had it all explained to me in two minutes flat.

ADJ: num n ADJ emphasis

19. flat
A flat rate, price, or percentage is one that is fixed and which applies in every situation.

- Fees are charged at a flat rate, rather than on a percentage basis.

- Sometimes there's a flat fee for carrying out a particular task.

- Medicare is preparing to cut all payments by a flat 2%.

ADJ: ADJ n
= fixed ≠ variable

20. flat flatter flattest
If trade or business is flat , it is slow and inactive, rather than busy and improving or increasing.

- During the first eight months of this year, sales of big pickups were up 14% while car sales stayed flat.

- For the country overall, house prices have remained flat.

ADJ-GRADED
= sluggish ≠ active busy

21. flat flatter flattest
If you describe something as flat , you mean that it is dull and not exciting or interesting.

- The past few days have seemed comparatively flat and empty.

- It is a long time since a party leader delivered such a dreadfully flat speech as he did yesterday.

ADJ-GRADED

22. flatness

- Kenworthy detected a certain flatness in the days that followed.

N-UNCOUNT

23. flat flatter flattest
You use flat to describe someone's voice when they are saying something without expressing any emotion.

- `Whatever you say,' he said in a deadly flat voice. `I'll sit here and wait.'.

- Her voice was flat, with no question or hope in it.

ADJ-GRADED

24. flatly

- I know you,' he said flatly, matter-of-fact, neutral in tone.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

25. flat
Flat is used after a letter representing a musical note to show that the note should be played or sung half a tone lower than the note which otherwise matches that letter. Flat is often represented by the symbol ♭ after the letter.

- ...Schubert's B flat Piano Trio (Opus 99).

ADJ: n ADJ
≠ sharp

26. flat
If someone sings flat or if a musical instrument is flat , their singing or the instrument is slightly lower in pitch than it should be.

- Her vocal range was, to say the least of it, limited, and she had a distressing tendency to sing flat.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
≠ sharp

27. flat flatter flattest
Also an adjective.

- He had been fired because his singing was flat.

ADJ-GRADED

28. flat
If you say that something is as flat as a pancake , you are emphasizing that it is completely flat.

- My home state of Illinois is flat as a pancake.

- The economy is still as flat as a pancake.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

29. flat
If you fall flat on your face, you fall over.

- A man walked in off the street and fell flat on his face, unconscious.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR on n

30. flat
If an event or attempt falls flat or falls flat on its face , it is unsuccessful.

- Liz meant it as a joke but it fell flat.

- If it wasn't for the main actress, Ellen Barkin, the plot would have fallen flat on its face.

PHR: V inflects
= fail

31. flat
If you say that you are flat broke , you mean that you have no money at all. (INFORMAL)

- Two years later he is flat broke and on the dole.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis
= penniless

32. flat
If you do something flat out , you do it as fast or as hard as you can.

- Everyone is working flat out to try to trap those responsible.

- They hurtled across the line in a flat-out sprint.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n
= all out

33. flat
You use flat out to emphasize that something is completely the case. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- That allegation is a flat-out lie.

- They say the industry is flat out lying about the effects of deregulation.

PHR: PHR n/adj, PHR with v emphasis
= utter complete

34. flat
On the flat means on level ground.

- He had angina and was unable to walk for more than 200 yards on the flat.

PHR

flatter *

1. flatter flatters flattering flattered
If someone flatters you, they praise you in an exaggerated way that is not sincere, because they want to please you or to persuade you to do something.

- I knew she was just flattering me.

- ...a story of how the president flattered and feted him into taking his side.

VB disapproval
= softsoap

2. flatter flatters flattering flattered
If you flatter yourself that something good is the case, you believe that it is true, although others may disagree. If someone says to you ` you're flattering yourself ' or ` don't flatter yourself ', they mean that they disagree with your good opinion of yourself.

- I flatter myself that this campaign will put an end to the war.

- I flatter myself I've done it all rather well.

- You flatter yourself. Why would we go to such ludicrous lengths?

VB

3. flatter flatters flattering flattered
If something flatters you, it makes you appear more attractive.

- Orange and khaki flatter those with golden skin tones.

- My philosophy of fashion is that I like to make the kind of clothes that flatter.

VB

flattered *

1. flattered
If you are flattered by something that has happened, you are pleased about it because it makes you feel important or special.

- She was flattered by Roberto's long letter.

- I am flattered that they should be so supportive.

- She didn't know whether to feel flattered or indignant.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ by n, ADJ that/to-inf

2. flattered
People sometimes use flattered when they are expressing thanks in formal situations.

- We're flattered and honoured to receive this Doris Day Award.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ that/to-inf

flattering *

1. flattering
If something is flattering , it makes you appear more attractive.

- Some styles are so flattering that they instantly become classics.

- ...a refreshing new look that's flattering to skins of all ages...

- It wasn't a very flattering photograph.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unflattering

2. flatteringly

- The bold necklace flatteringly lightens her skin tone.

ADV-GRADED

3. flattering
If someone's remarks are flattering , they praise you and say nice things about you.

- There were pleasant and flattering obituaries about him.

- The press was flattering.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unflattering

4. flattering
If you describe something as flattering , you mean that it pleases you and makes you feel important or special.

- It is all terribly flattering and she is trying to reply to every single letter personally.

- Colin chuckled at the flattering response.

- It was flattering to be told how indispensable his taste and talent were.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
= pleasing

flat

adjective

1.

even

horizontal

level

levelled

low

smooth

2.

dull

boring

dead

lacklustre

lifeless

monotonous

tedious

tiresome

uninteresting

3.

absolute

categorical

downright

explicit

out-and-out

positive

unequivocal

unqualified

4.

punctured

blown out

burst

collapsed

deflated

empty

adverb

5.

completely

absolutely

categorically

exactly

point blank

precisely

utterly

flat out

6.

at full speed

all out

at full tilt

for all one is worth

hell for leather informal

flat

noun

apartment

rooms

flatly

adverb

absolutely

categorically

completely

positively

unhesitatingly

flatness

noun

1.

evenness

smoothness

uniformity

2.

dullness

monotony

tedium

flatter

verb

1.

praise

butter up

compliment

pander to

soft-soap informal

sweet-talk informal

wheedle

2.

suit

become

do something for

enhance

set off

show to advantage

flattering

adjective

1.

becoming

effective

enhancing

kind

well-chosen

2.

ingratiating

adulatory

complimentary

fawning

fulsome

laudatory

flatbed

[D.J.:ˈflætbed]

[K.K.:ˈflætˌbɛd]

n.

有平台可装货的卡车(拖车)

flatbed

flatbed flatbeds
A flatbed is a truck that has a long flat platform with no sides.
N-COUNT: oft N n The form flatbed truck is also used, especially in American English

flat cap

flat cap flat caps
A flat cap is the same as a cloth cap . (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

flatfish

[D.J.:ˈflætfiʃ]

[K.K.:ˈflætˌfɪʃ]

n.

比目鱼

flatfish

flatfish
Flatfish are sea fish with flat wide bodies, for example plaice or sole.
N-VAR flatfish is both the singular and the plural form

flat-footed

[D.J.:ˈflætfutid]

[K.K.:ˈflætˈfʊtɪd]

adj.

扁平足的,断然的,直截了当的,拖着脚步走的,无准备的

flat-footed

1. flat-footed
If you are flat-footed , the arches of your feet are too low.

- All babies look flat-footed and when they walk the whole sole touches the ground.

- He'll grow up flat-footed.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, ADJ n, ADJ after v

2. flat-footed
If you describe a person or action as flat-footed , you think they are clumsy, awkward, or foolish.

- In contrast to the often flat-footed writing, the movie's structure has a certain elegance to it.

- The government could be caught flat-footed.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n, v-link ADJ, ADJ after v disapproval
≠ graceful

flatmate

n.

合住一套公寓的人

flatmate

flatmate flatmates
Someone's flatmate is a person who shares a flat with them. (BRIT; in AM use roommate )
N-COUNT: usu poss N also flat-mate .

flat pack

flat pack flat packs
Flat pack furniture is furniture such as shelves and cupboards which you buy as a number of separate pieces and assemble yourself. (BRIT)

- The flat-pack units are by Gower kitchens.

- It arrives as a flat pack and is bolted together on site.

N-COUNT: usu N n also flat-pack .

flat racing

flat racing
Flat racing is horse racing which does not involve jumping over fences.
N-UNCOUNT

flatten

[D.J.:ˈflætn]

[K.K.:ˈflætn..]

vt. & vi.

变平;使(某物)变平

vt.

彻底打败某人,使丢脸

flatten against/on

(把身体或身体部位)紧贴…，平贴…

flatten out

(道路、土地等) 逐渐变平

停止增长(或上升)

flatten sth out

使变平

flattener

n.

<冶>压延工,压延机

flattening oven

<化>平板(玻璃)炉

flattener

[ˈflætnə]

n.

将材料压平的人或物(如：加热压形设备,伸展机,碾平机,压延工)

flattening

[ˈflætniŋ]

n.

整平,扁率

flatten *

1. flatten flattens flattening flattened
If you flatten something or if it flattens , it becomes flat or flatter.

- He carefully flattened the wrappers and put them between the leaves of his book.

- The dog's ears flattened slightly as Cook spoke his name.

- ...the pitiful shacks built of cardboard boxes, corrugated iron sheets and flattened oil drums.

V-ERG

2. flatten out; flattens out; flattening out; flattened out
Flatten out means the same as flatten .

- The hills flattened out just south of the mountain.

- We now think prices will flatten out towards the end of this year.

- Peel off the blackened skin, flatten the pepper out and trim it into edible pieces.

PHR-V-ERG

3. flatten flattens flattening flattened
To flatten something such as a building, town, or plant means to destroy it by knocking it down or crushing it.

- ...explosives capable of flattening a five-storey building.

- ...bombing raids flattened much of the area.

- ...areas of flattened corn.

VB

4. flatten flattens flattening flattened
If you flatten yourself against something, you press yourself flat against it, for example to avoid getting in the way or being seen.

- He flattened himself against a brick wall as I passed.

VB

5. flatten flattens flattening flattened
If you flatten someone, you make them fall over by hitting them violently.

- `I've never seen a woman flatten someone like that,' said a crew member. `She knocked him out cold.'

VB

6. flatten flattens flattening flattened
If you flatten someone in a fight, contest, or argument, you defeat them completely.

- In the squash court his chief aim is to flatten me.

- A large percentage of these forces had been flattened by the assault.

VB
= defeat

flatten

verb

level

compress

even out

iron out

raze

smooth off

squash

trample

flattery

[D.J.:ˈflætəri:]

[K.K.:ˈflætəri]

n.

奉承(话)

flattery will get you everywhere/nowhere

阿谀奉承会/不会使你如愿以偿

flattery

flattery
Flattery consists of flattering words or behaviour.

- He is ambitious and susceptible to flattery.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

flattery

noun

obsequiousness

adulation

blandishment

fawning

servility

soft-soap informal

sweet-talk informal

sycophancy

flatulence

[D.J.:ˈflætʃələns]

[K.K.:ˈflætʃələns]

n.

<医>胃肠气胀

浮夸;自负

flatulence

flatulence
Flatulence is too much gas in a person's intestines, which causes an uncomfortable feeling.
N-UNCOUNT
= wind

flatware

[D.J.:ˈflætweə]

[K.K.:ˈflætˌwɛr]

n.

扁平的餐具,(尤指刀、叉、匙等)

flatware

flatware
You can refer to the knives, forks, and spoons that you eat your food with as flatware . (AM; in BRIT use cutlery )
N-UNCOUNT

flaunt

[D.J.:flɔ:nt]

[K.K.:flɔnt]

vt.

炫耀, 夸耀

if you’ve got it, flaunt it

有什么能耐就施展出来

flaunt *

1. flaunt flaunts flaunting flaunted
If you say that someone flaunts their possessions, abilities, or qualities, you mean that they display them in a very obvious way in, especially in order to try to obtain other people's admiration.

- They drove around in Rolls-Royces, openly flaunting their wealth.

- One secret he learned very early on was not to flaunt his success.

VB disapproval
= show off

2. flaunt flaunts flaunting flaunted
If you say that someone is flaunting themselves, you disapprove of them because they are behaving in a very confident way, or in a way that is intended to attract sexual attention.

- `She's asking for trouble, flaunting herself like that. Did you see the way Major Winston was looking at her?'

- ...beach-boys flaunting themselves in designer swimwear.

VB disapproval

flaunt

verb

show off

brandish

display

exhibit

flash about

flourish

parade

sport informal

flautist

[D.J.:ˈflɔ:tist]

[K.K.:ˈflɔtɪst, ˈflaʊ-]

n.

横笛吹奏者,笛手

flautist

flautist flautists
A flautist is someone who plays the flute. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use flutist )
N-COUNT

flavour

[D.J.:ˈfleivə]

[K.K.:ˈflevɚ]

n.

味; 味道

特色, 特性, 气氛

vt.

(加入香料、调味品等)给(某物)调味

flavouring

[D.J.:ˈfleɪvərɪŋ]

n.

调味品

flavour ***

1. flavour flavours
The flavour of a food or drink is its taste.

- This cheese has a crumbly texture with a strong flavour.

- I always add some paprika for extra flavour.

- ...drinks of rich colours and strong flavours.

N-VAR (AM) flavor

2. flavour flavours
If something is orange flavour or beef flavour , it is made to taste of orange or beef.

- ...salt and vinegar flavour crisps.

- ...now available in three new flavours.

N-COUNT: oft n N (AM) flavor

3. flavour flavours flavouring flavoured
If you flavour food or drink, you add something to it to give it a particular taste.

- Flavour your favourite dishes with exotic herbs and spices.

- Lime preserved in salt is a north African speciality which is used to flavour chicken dishes.

VB (AM) flavor

4. flavour flavours
You can refer to a special quality that something has as its flavour . For example, if something has an Italian flavour it reminds you of Italian things.

- ...a car with a flavour that is distinctly Italian.

- ...clothes with a nostalgic Forties flavour.

N-COUNT: usu with supp (AM) flavor

5. flavour
If something gives you a flavour of a subject, situation, or event, it gives you a general idea of what it is like.

- The book gives you a flavour of what alternative therapy is about.

N-SING: oft a N of n (AM) flavor
= taste

6. flavour
If you think that something or someone is very popular at a particular time, you can say that they are flavour of the month .

- Hats were very much flavour of the month.

- Middlesex cricketers Gatting and Emburey are hardly flavour of the month.

PHR: usu v-link PHR (AM) flavor
= popular

flavoured *

flavoured
If a food is flavoured , various ingredients have been added to it so that it has a distinctive flavour.

- ...meat flavoured with herbs...

- Many of these recipes are highly flavoured.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n (AM) flavored

flavouring

flavouring flavourings
Flavourings are substances that are added to food or drink to give it a particular taste.

- Our range of herbal teas contain no preservatives, colourings or artificial flavourings.

- ...lemon flavoring.

N-VAR (AM) flavoring

flavour

noun

1.

taste

aroma

flavouring

piquancy

relish

savour

seasoning

smack

tang

zest

2.

quality

character

essence

feel

feeling

style

tinge

tone

verb

3.

season

ginger up

imbue

infuse

leaven

spice

-flavoured

-flavoured
-flavoured is used after nouns such as strawberry and chocolate to indicate that a food or drink is flavoured with strawberry or chocolate.

- ...strawberry-flavoured sweets.

- ...fruit-flavored sparkling water.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) -flavored

flavourless

[ˈfleivəlis]

adj.

无味的, 无滋味的

flavourless

flavourless
Flavourless food is uninteresting because it does not taste strongly of anything.
ADJ (AM) flavorless

flavoursome

flavoursome
Flavoursome food has a strong, pleasant taste and is good to eat.

- I find the wine extremely flavoursome and easy to drink.

ADJ (AM) flavorsome approval

flaw

[D.J.:flɔ:]

[K.K.:flɔ]

n.

缺点, 瑕疵, 缺陷

flaw *

1. flaw flaws
A flaw in something such as a theory or argument is a mistake in it, which causes it to be less effective or valid.

- There were, however, a number of crucial flaws in his monetary theory.

- Almost all of these studies have serious flaws.

N-COUNT: oft N in n

2. flaw flaws
A flaw in someone's character is an undesirable quality that they have.

- The only flaw in his character seems to be a short temper.

N-COUNT: oft N in n
= defect

3. flaw flaws
A flaw in something such as a pattern or material is a fault in it that should not be there.
N-COUNT
= imperfection

flaw

noun

weakness

blemish

chink in one's armour

defect

failing

fault

imperfection

weak spot

flawed

[D.J.:flɔ:d]

[K.K.: flɔd]

adj.

有缺点的;有缺陷的；错误的

flawed *

flawed
Something that is flawed has a mark, fault, or mistake in it.

- ...the unique beauty of a flawed object...

- These tests were so seriously flawed as to render the results meaningless.

ADJ-GRADED

flawed

adjective

damaged

blemished

defective

erroneous

faulty

imperfect

unsound

flawless

[D.J.:ˈflɔ:lɪs]

[K.K.:ˈflɔlɪs]

adj.

无瑕的,完美的

flawlessly

adv.

无瑕地,完美地

flawlessness

n.

无瑕,完美

flawless *

1. flawless
If you say that something or someone is flawless , you mean that they are extremely good and that there are no faults or problems with them.

- She attributed her flawless complexion to the moisturiser she used.

- Discovery's takeoff this morning from Cape Canaveral was flawless.

ADJ-GRADED
= perfect

2. flawlessly

- Each stage of the battle was carried off flawlessly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

flawless

adjective

perfect

faultless

impeccable

spotless

unblemished

unsullied

flax

[D.J.:flæks]

[K.K.:flæks]

n.

亚麻

flax

flax
Flax is a plant with blue flowers. Its stem is used for making thread, rope, and cloth, and its seeds are used for making linseed oil.
N-UNCOUNT

flaxen

[D.J.:ˈflæksən]

[K.K.:ˈflæksən]

adj.

(头发)亚麻色的, 淡黄色的

flaxen

flaxen
Flaxen hair is pale yellow in colour. (LITERARY)
ADJ: ADJ n

flay

[D.J.:fleɪ]

[K.K.:fle]

vt.

痛打;把…打得皮开肉绽

剥(通常指动物)的皮

严厉批评;痛斥

flaying

剥皮(皮革)

flay

1. flay flays flaying flayed
When someone flays an animal or person, they remove their skin, usually when they are dead.

- They had to flay the great, white, fleecy animals and cut them up for food.

- To remain together was like volunteering to be flayed alive.

VB

2. flay flays flaying flayed
If you flay someone, you criticize them severely for their beliefs, policies, or actions.

- ...and he flayed those who allowed `foreign potentates and powers' to violate American sovereignty.

VB

flea

[D.J.:fli:]

[K.K.:fli]

n.

跳蚤

skin a flea for its hide

爱财如命

(send sb away/off) with a flea in their ear

没好气地(拒绝某人的要求)

flea *

flea fleas
A flea is a very small jumping insect that has no wings and feeds on the blood of humans or animals.
N-COUNT

flea market

flea market flea markets
A flea market is an outdoor market which sells cheap used goods and sometimes also very old furniture.
N-COUNT

fleapit

[D.J.:ˈfli:pit]

[K.K.:ˈfliˌpɪt]

n.

肮脏的建筑物,〈俚〉被认为有跳蚤(或臭虫)的公共场所(如电影院)

fleapit

fleapit fleapits
If you refer to a cinema or theatre as a fleapit , you mean that it is old and does not look very clean or tidy. (BRIT, INFORMAL, HUMOROUS)
N-COUNT also flea-pit . disapproval

fleck

[D.J.:flek]

[K.K.:flɛk]

n.

斑点,小点

vt.

使有斑点

fleckless

adj.

无斑点的

fleckless

[ˈfleklis]

adj.

无斑点的,完美的

fleck *

fleck flecks
Flecks are small marks on a surface, or objects that look like small marks.

- He went to the men's room to wash flecks of blood from his shirt.

- His hair is dark grey with flecks of ginger.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N of n
= speck

flecked

adj.

有斑点的,有污点的

flecked

1. flecked
Something that is flecked with something is marked or covered with small bits of it.

- His hair was increasingly flecked with grey.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n
= streaked

2. flecked
Also a combining form.

- He was attired in a plain, mud-flecked uniform.

COMB in ADJ

fled

[D.J.:fled]

[K.K.:flɛd]

flee的过去式及过去分词

flee

[D.J.:fli:]

[K.K.:fli]

vi.

逃走, 逃掉

vt.

逃离, 逃避

fled

fled
Fled is the past tense and past participle of flee .

flee ***

flee flees fleeing fled
If you flee from something or someone, or flee a person or thing, you escape from them. (WRITTEN)

- He slammed the bedroom door behind him and fled.

- In 1984 he fled to Costa Rica to avoid military service.

- ...refugees who have fled from wars, famine and persecution...

- The Home Secretary wants to protect the rights of refugees fleeing persecution or torture.

- Thousands have been compelled to flee the country in makeshift boats.

VB: no passive

flee

verb

run away

bolt

depart

escape

fly

make one's getaway

scarper Brit. slang

take flight

take off informal

take to one's heels

turn tail

fledgling

[D.J.:ˈfledʒlɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈflɛdʒlɪŋ]

n.

(刚学会飞的)幼鸟

无经验的人

fledgling *

1. fledgling fledglings
A fledgling is a young bird that has its feathers and is learning to fly.
N-COUNT

2. fledgling
You use fledgling to describe a person, organization, or system that is new or without experience.

- ...the sound practical advice he gave to fledgling writers.

- ...Russia's fledgling democracy.

ADJ: ADJ n

fleece

[D.J.:fli:s]

[K.K.:flis]

n.

羊毛

vt.

<口>诈取某人(巨款);敲竹杠

fleeced

(针织物)布面起绒的

fleece *

1. fleece fleeces
A sheep's fleece is the coat of wool that covers it.
N-COUNT

2. fleece fleeces
A fleece is the wool that is cut off one sheep in a single piece.
N-COUNT

3. fleece fleeces fleecing fleeced
If you fleece someone, you get a lot of money from them by tricking them or charging them too much. (INFORMAL)

- She claims he fleeced her out of thousands of pounds.

VB
= swindle

4. fleece fleeces
Fleece is a soft warm artificial fabric. A fleece is also a jacket or other garment made from this fabric.
N-VAR

fleecy

[D.J.:ˈfli:si]

[K.K.:ˈflisi]

adj.

(像羊毛般)毛茸茸的

fleecy

1. fleecy
Fleecy clothes, blankets, or other objects are made of a soft light material.

- ...fleecy walking jackets.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. fleecy
Something that is fleecy is light and soft in appearance.

- It was a lovely afternoon with a blue sky and a few fleecy white clouds.

ADJ-GRADED

fleet

[D.J.:fli:t]

[K.K.:flit]

n.

舰队; 船队

车队; 机群

fleet ***

1. fleet fleets
A fleet is a group of ships organized to do something together, for example to fight battles or to catch fish.

- The damage inflicted upon the British fleet was devastating.

- ...restaurants supplied by local fishing fleets.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

2. fleet fleets
A fleet of vehicles is a group of them, especially when they all belong to a particular organization or business, or when they are all going somewhere together.

- With its own fleet of trucks, the company delivers most orders overnight.

- A fleet of ambulances took the injured to hospital.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

fleet

noun

navy

armada

flotilla

task force

fleeting

[D.J.:ˈfli:tɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈflitɪŋ]

adj.

疾驰的,飞逝的

fleetingly

adv.

飞快地,疾驰地

fleeting *

1. fleeting
Fleeting is used to describe something which lasts only for a very short time.

- The girls caught only a fleeting glimpse of the driver.

- She wondered for a fleeting moment if he would put his arm around her.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= brief

2. fleetingly

- A smile passed fleetingly across his face.

- I think I saw her, fleetingly, at a football match.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

fleeting

adjective

momentary

brief

ephemeral

passing

short-lived

temporary

transient

transitory

Fleet Street *

Fleet Street
Fleet Street is used to refer to British national newspapers and to the journalists who work for them.

- He was the highest-paid sub-editor in Fleet Street.

- ...Fleet Street journalists.

N-PROPER

Flemish

[D.J.:ˈflemiʃ]

[K.K.:ˈflɛmɪʃ]

n.

佛兰德人[语]

adj.

佛兰德的,佛兰德人[语]的

Flemish *

1. Flemish
Flemish means belonging or relating to the region of Flanders in northern Europe, or to its people, language, or culture.

- ...a splendid collection of Dutch, French and Flemish art.

- ...this picturesque Flemish town.

ADJ

2. Flemish
Flemish is a language spoken in Belgium.
N-UNCOUNT

flesh

[D.J.:fleʃ]

[K.K.:flɛʃ]

n.

肉

果肉

肉体

flesh **

1. flesh
Flesh is the soft part of a person's or animal's body between the bones and the skin.

- Illness had wasted the flesh from her tall, willowy body.

- ...the pale pink flesh of trout and salmon.

N-UNCOUNT

2. flesh
You can use flesh to refer to human skin and the human body, especially when you are considering it in a sexual way.

- ...the warmth of her flesh.

- ...the sins of the flesh.

N-UNCOUNT

3. flesh
The flesh of a fruit or vegetable is the soft inside part of it.

- Cut the flesh from the olives and discard the stones.

N-UNCOUNT

4. flesh
You use flesh and blood to emphasize that someone has human feelings or weaknesses, often when contrasting them with machines.

- I'm only flesh and blood, like anyone else.

- ...skills of a precision unmatched by any flesh and blood worker.

PHR emphasis

5. flesh
If you say that someone is your own flesh and blood , you are emphasizing that they are a member of your family.

- The kid, after all, was his own flesh and blood. He deserved a second chance.

PHR: usu v-link PHR emphasis

6. flesh
If something makes your flesh creep or makes your flesh crawl , it makes you feel disgusted, shocked or frightened.

- It makes my flesh creep to think of it.

- I was heading on a secret mission that made my flesh crawl.

PHR: make inflects

7. flesh
If you meet or see someone in the flesh , you actually meet or see them, rather than, for example, seeing them in a film or on television.

- Charles' appeal is best observed in the flesh.

- The first thing viewers usually say when they see me in the flesh is `You're smaller than you look on TV.'

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR
= in person

8. flesh
If you put flesh on something, you add details and more information to it.

- This is an attempt to put flesh on what has been a very bare skeleton plan up to now.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

flesh

noun

1.

meat

brawn

fat

tissue

weight

2.

human nature

carnality

flesh and blood

one's own flesh and blood

3.

family

blood

kin

kinsfolk

kith and kin

relations

relatives

flesh out **

flesh out fleshes out; fleshing out; fleshed out
If you flesh out something such as a story or plan, you add details and more information to it.

- He talked with him for an hour and a half, fleshing out the details of his original five-minute account.

- He has since fleshed out his story.

PHR-V

flesh-coloured

adj.

肉色的

flesh-coloured

flesh-coloured
Something that is flesh-coloured is yellowish pink in colour.
ADJ (AM) flesh-colored

flesh wound

flesh wound flesh wounds
A flesh wound is a wound that breaks the skin but does not damage the bones or any of the body's important internal organs.
N-COUNT

fleshy

[D.J.:ˈfleʃi]

[K.K.:ˈflɛʃi]

adj.

(似)肉的; 多肉的, 肥胖的

肉质的

fleshy

1. fleshy
If you describe someone as fleshy , you mean that they are slightly too fat.

- He was well-built, but too fleshy to be impressive.

ADJ-GRADED

2. fleshy
Fleshy parts of the body or fleshy plants are thick and soft.

- ...the fleshy part of the thigh.

- ...fleshy fruits like apples, plums, pears, peaches.

ADJ-GRADED

flew

[D.J.:flu:]

[K.K.:flu]

fly的过去式

flies

[D.J.:flaɪz]

[K.K.:flaɪz]

舞台上空

flown

[D.J.:fləun]

[K.K.:flon]

fly的过去分词

fly

[D.J.:flai]

[K.K.:flaɪ]

vi.

飞, 飞行

过得快, 飞逝, (动作)疾驰

(旗)飘荡, 飘扬

碎成片

vt. & vi.

乘(…的)飞机

驾驶(飞机等)

vt.

使飞, 放飞

逃离; 逃出

n.

苍蝇

flying

[D.J.:ˈflaɪɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈflaɪɪŋ]

adj.

飞行的;会飞的

a flying visit

闪电式访问

get off to a flying start

取得良好的开端

go flying

滑倒；绊倒

with flying colours

很成功地；出色地

flying school

飞行学校,航空学校

flew

Flew is the past tense of fly .

fly *****

1. fly flies
A fly is a small insect with two wings. There are many kinds of flies, and the most common are black in colour.
N-COUNT

2. fly flies flying flew flown
When something such as a bird, insect, or aircraft flies , it moves through the air.

- The planes flew through the clouds.

- The bird flew away.

VB

3. fly flies flying flew flown
If you fly somewhere, you travel there in an aircraft.

- He flew to Los Angeles.

- He flew back to London.

- Mr Baker flew in from Moscow.

VB

4. fly flies flying flew flown
When someone flies an aircraft, they control its movement in the air.

- Parker had successfully flown both aircraft.

- He flew a small plane to Cuba.

- His inspiration to fly came even before he joined the Army.

VB

5. flying

- ...a flying instructor.

N-UNCOUNT

6. fly flies flying flew flown
To fly someone or something somewhere means to take or send them there in an aircraft.

- It may be possible to fly the women and children out on Thursday.

- The relief supplies are being flown from a warehouse in Pisa.

VB

7. fly flies flying flew flown
If something such as your hair is flying about, it is moving about freely and loosely in the air.

- His long, uncovered hair flew back in the wind.

- She was running down the stairs, her hair flying.

VB

8. fly flies flying flew flown
If you fly a flag or if it is flying , you display it at the top of a pole.

- They flew the flag of the African National Congress.

- A Chinese flag was flying on the new military HQ.

V-ERG

9. fly flies flying flew flown
If you say that someone or something flies in a particular direction, you are emphasizing that they move there with a lot of speed or force.

- She flew to their bedsides when they were ill.

- I flew downstairs.

- There are bullets flying around your head.

VB emphasis

10. fly flies flying flew flown
If you tell someone that you must fly , you are indicating that you have to leave in a great hurry.

- I must fly or I'll miss my plane.

- I'll have to fly.

VB

11. fly flies flying flew flown
If stories or rumours are flying around a place, they are being discussed a great deal and by a lot of people within a short period of time.

- Rumours had been flying around the workrooms all morning.

- Rumours were flying about possible deals.

VB

12. fly flies
The front opening on a pair of trousers is referred to as the fly , or in British English the flies . It usually consists of a zip or row of buttons behind a band of cloth.
N-COUNT

13. fly flies
In fishing, a fly is a model of a small winged insect that is used as a bait.
N-COUNT

14. fly
If you say that someone wouldn't hurt a fly or wouldn't harm a fly , you are emphasizing that they are very kind and gentle.

- Ray wouldn't hurt a fly.

- ...a lovely girl, who would not have harmed a fly.

PHR: with brd-neg, V inflects emphasis

15. fly
If you let fly , you attack someone, either physically by hitting them, or with words by insulting them.

- A simmering row ended with her letting fly with a stream of obscenities.

PHR: V inflects
= fly at

16. fly
If you do something on the fly , you do it quickly without thinking about it or planning it in advance, especially while something else is happening. (INFORMAL)

- It was all pretty much done on the fly.

PHR: PHR after v

17. fly
If you send someone or something flying or if they go flying , they move through the air and fall down with a lot of force.

- The blow sent the young man flying.

PHR: V inflects, PHR after v

18. fly
If you say that you would like to be a fly on the wall in a situation that does not involve you, you mean that you would like to see or hear what happens in that situation.

- What I'd give to be a fly on the wall when Davis finds out what's happened to his precious cargo.

PHR: v-link PHR
See also fly-on-the-wall .

flying *

1. flying
A flying animal has wings and is able to fly.

- ...species of flying insects.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. flying
If someone or something gets off to a flying start , or makes a flying start , they start very well, for example in a race or a new job.

- Advertising revenue in the new financial year has got off to a flying start.

- Hendry made a flying start to the final.

PHR: V inflects

fly

verb

1.

take wing

flit

flutter

hover

sail

soar

wing

2.

pilot

control

manoeuvre

operate

3.

display

flap

float

flutter

show

wave

4.

pass

elapse

flit

glide

pass swiftly

roll on

run its course

slip away

5.

rush

career

dart

dash

hurry

race

shoot

speed

sprint

tear

6.

flee

escape

get away

run for it

skedaddle informal

take to one's heels

flying

adjective

hurried

brief

fleeting

hasty

rushed

short-lived

transitory

flex

[D.J.:fleks]

[K.K.:flɛks]

n.

花线,皮线

vt.

屈曲,弯曲

flex your muscles

(为准备大干而)显示实力；摩拳擦掌

flexing

[ˈfleksiŋ]

n.

挠曲,可挠性

flex *

1. flex flexes
A flex is an electric cable containing two or more wires that is connected to an electrical appliance. (mainly BRIT; in AM use cord )
N-VAR

2. flex flexes flexing flexed
If you flex your muscles or parts of your body, you bend, move, or stretch them for a short time in order to exercise them.

- He slowly flexed his muscles and tried to stand.

VB

flexibility

[D.J.:ˌfleksɪˈbɪlɪtɪ]

[K.K.:ˌflɛksəˈbɪlətɪ]

n.

柔韧性；机动性，灵活性

flexible

[D.J.:ˈfleksəbl]

[K.K.:ˈflɛksəbəl]

adj.

易弯曲的, 柔韧的

灵活的, 可变通的

flexibly

adv.

易曲地,柔软地

flexible ***

1. flexible
A flexible object or material can be bent easily without breaking.

- ...brushes with long, flexible bristles.

ADJ-GRADED
= pliable

2. flexibility

- The flexibility of the lens decreases with age; it is therefore common for our sight to worsen as we get older.

N-UNCOUNT
= elasticity

3. flexible
Something or someone that is flexible is able to change easily and adapt to different conditions and circumstances as they occur.

- Look for software that's flexible enough for a range of abilities.

- ...flexible working hours.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= adaptable

4. flexibly

- It would seem more sensible to apply standards flexibly rather than rigidly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. flexibility

- The flexibility of distance learning would be particularly suited to busy managers.

N-UNCOUNT
= adaptability

flexibility

noun

adaptability

adjustability

elasticity

give informal

pliability

pliancy

resilience

springiness

flexible

adjective

1.

pliable

elastic

lithe

plastic

pliant

springy

stretchy

supple

2.

adaptable

adjustable

discretionary

open

variable

flexitime

[D.J.:ˈfleksitaim]

[K.K.:ˈflɛksɪˌtaɪm]

n.

弹性上班制

flexitime

flexitime
Flexitime or flextime is a system that allows employees to vary the time that they start or finish work, provided that an agreed total number of hours are spent at work.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) flextime

flick

[D.J.:flik]

[K.K.:flɪk]

vt.

轻打, 轻掸

n.

轻打

flick **

1. flick flicks flicking flicked
If something flicks in a particular direction, or if someone flicks it, it moves with a short, sudden movement.

- His tongue flicked across his lips.

- The man's gun flicked up from beside his thigh.

- His glance flicked round my face and came to rest on my eyes.

- He flicked his cigarette out of the window.

V-ERG

2. flick flicks
Also a noun.

- ...a flick of a paintbrush.

N-COUNT: oft a N of n

3. flick flicks flicking flicked
If you flick something away, or off something else, you remove it with a quick movement of your hand or finger.

- Shirley flicked a speck of fluff from the sleeve of her black suit.

- Alan stretched out his hand and flicked the letter away.

VB

4. flick flicks flicking flicked
If you flick something such as a whip or a towel, or flick something with it, you hold one end of it and move your hand quickly up and then forward, so that the other end moves.

- He helped her up before flicking the reins.

- She sighed and flicked a dishcloth at the counter.

- The jockey said he tended to flick horses with the whip.

VB

5. flick flicks
Also a noun.

- ...a flick of the whip.

N-COUNT

6. flick flicks flicking flicked
If you flick a switch, or flick an electrical appliance on or off, you press the switch sharply so that it moves into a different position and works the equipment.

- He flicked a light-switch on the wall beside the door.

- Sam was flicking a flashlight on and off.

- Pearle flicked off the TV.

VB

7. flick flicks flicking flicked
If you flick through a book or magazine, you turn its pages quickly, for example to get a general idea of its contents or to look for a particular item. If you flick through television channels, you continually change channels very quickly, for example using a remote control.

- She was flicking through some magazines on a table.

- I'll just flick through the pages until I find the right section.

- He switched on the television, flicking through the channels in a search for something to hold his interest.

VB

8. flick
Also a noun.

- I thought I'd have a quick flick through some recent issues.

N-SING: a N

flick

verb

1.

strike

dab

flip

hit

tap

touch

flick through

2.

browse

flip through

glance at

skim

skip

thumb

flicker

[D.J.:ˈflikə]

[K.K.:ˈflɪkɚ]

vi.

(通常指灯光)闪烁, 摇曳

flickering

[ˈflikəriŋ]

adj.

闪烁的,摇曳的,忽隐忽现的,一闪一闪的

flicker *

1. flicker flickers flickering flickered
If a light or flame flickers , it shines unsteadily.

- Fluorescent lights flickered, and then the room was brilliantly, blindingly bright.

- A television flickered in the corner.

VB

2. flicker flickers
Also a noun.

- Looking through the cabin window I saw the flicker of flames.

N-COUNT

3. flicker flickers
If you experience a flicker of emotion, you feel that emotion only for a very short time, and not very strongly.

- He felt a flicker of regret.

- He looked at me, a flicker of amusement in his cold eyes.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n
= glimmer

4. flicker flickers flickering flickered
If an expression flickers across your face, it appears very briefly. (WRITTEN)

- A smile flickered across Vincent's grey features.

- ...a shadow of disquiet flickering over his face.

VB

5. flicker flickers flickering flickered
If someone's eyes flicker towards something, they look at it quickly. (WRITTEN)

- Dirk's eyes flickered towards the pistol.

- His dark eyes flickered over her face.

VB

6. flicker flickers flickering flickered
If something flickers , it makes very slight, quick movements.

- In a moment her eyelids flickered, then opened.

- A few moments later Mrs Tenney's eyelids flickered open.

VB

flicker

verb

1.

twinkle

flare

flash

glimmer

gutter

shimmer

sparkle

2.

flutter

quiver

vibrate

waver

noun

3.

glimmer

flare

flash

gleam

spark

4.

trace

breath

glimmer

iota

spark

flick-knife

n.

弹簧刀

flick-knife

flick-knife flick-knives
A flick-knife is a knife with a blade in the handle that springs out when a button is pressed. (BRIT; in AM use switchblade )
N-COUNT also flick knife .

flight

[D.J.:flait]

[K.K.:flaɪt]

n.

飞翔, 飞行

航班, 航机

楼梯的一段

逃跑, 溃退

flight ****

1. flight flights
A flight is a journey made by flying, usually in an aeroplane.

- The flight will take four hours.

N-COUNT

2. flight flights
You can refer to an aeroplane carrying passengers on a particular journey as a particular flight .

- I'll try to get on the flight down to Karachi tonight.

- BA flight 286 was two hours late.

N-COUNT: also N num

3. flight
Flight is the action of flying, or the ability to fly.

- These hawks are magnificent in flight, soaring and circling for long periods.

- Supersonic flight could become a routine form of travel in the 21st century.

N-UNCOUNT

4. flight flights
A flight of birds is a group of them flying together.

- A flight of green parrots shot out of the cedar forest.

N-COUNT: N of n

5. flight
Flight is the act of running away from a dangerous or unpleasant situation or place.

- Frank was in full flight when he reached them.

- The family was often in flight, hiding out in friends' houses.

- ...her hurried flight from the palace in a cart.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N

6. flight flights
A flight of steps or stairs is a set of steps or stairs that lead from one level to another without changing direction.

- We walked in silence up a flight of stairs and down a long corridor.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

7. flight
An idea or statement that is very imaginative but complicated, silly, or impractical can be referred to as a flight of fancy .

- Cockburn engaged in a flight of fancy, never once allowing facts to get in the way.

PHR: flight inflects

8. flight
If someone takes flight , they run away from an unpleasant situation or place.

- He was contacted by telephone and told of the raid and decided to take flight almost immediately.

PHR: V inflects
= flee

flight

noun

1.

journey

trip

voyage

2.

aviation

aeronautics

flying

3.

flock

cloud

formation

squadron

swarm

unit

flight

noun Of air travel

escape

departure

exit

exodus

fleeing

getaway

retreat

running away

flight attendant

flight attendant flight attendants
On an aeroplane, the flight attendants are the people whose job is to look after the passengers and serve their meals.
N-COUNT

flight deck

1. flight deck flight decks
On an aircraft carrier, the flight deck is the flat open surface on the deck where aircraft take off and land.
N-COUNT also flight-deck .

2. flight deck flight decks
On a large aeroplane, the flight deck is the area at the front where the pilot works and where all the controls are.
N-COUNT also flight-deck .

flightless

[D.J.:ˈflaɪtlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈflaɪtlɪs]

adj.

(鸟或昆虫)不能飞的

flightless

flightless
A flightless bird or insect is unable to fly because it does not have the necessary type of wings.

- ...a flightless dinosaur.

ADJ: ADJ n

flight lieutenant

flight lieutenant flight lieutenants
In the British air force, a flight lieutenant is an officer of the rank below squadron leader.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE also flight-lieutenant .

flight recorder

flight recorder flight recorders
On an aeroplane, the flight recorder is the same as the black box .
N-COUNT

flightily

adv.

轻浮地,浮躁地,轻狂地

flightiness

n.

轻浮,疯狂

flighty

[D.J.:ˈflaɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈflaɪti]

adj.

(尤指女人或其行为)轻浮的,朝三暮四的,反复无常的

flightily

adv.

flightiness

n.

flighty

flighty flightier flightiest
If you say that someone is flighty , you disapprove of them because they are not very serious or reliable and keep changing from one activity, idea, or partner to another.

- Isabelle was a frivolous little fool, vain and flighty.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

flimsy

[D.J.:ˈflɪmzi:]

[K.K.:ˈflɪmzi]

adj.

(指布或材料)轻而薄的

不结实的;易损坏的

软弱无力的;不足信的

flimsy *

1. flimsy flimsier flimsiest
A flimsy object is weak because it is made of a weak material, or is badly made.

- ...a flimsy wooden door.

- ...a pair of inelegant and flimsy shoes.

ADJ-GRADED

2. flimsy flimsier flimsiest
Flimsy cloth or clothing is thin and does not give much protection.

- ...a very flimsy pink chiffon nightgown.

ADJ-GRADED

3. flimsy flimsier flimsiest
If you describe something such as evidence or an excuse as flimsy , you mean that it is not very good or convincing.

- The charges were based on very flimsy evidence.

ADJ-GRADED
= weak unconvincing

flimsy

adjective

1.

fragile

delicate

frail

insubstantial

makeshift

rickety

shaky

2.

thin

gauzy

gossamer

light

sheer

transparent

3.

unconvincing

feeble

implausible

inadequate

pathetic

poor

unsatisfactory

weak

flinch

[D.J.:flɪntʃ]

[K.K.:flɪntʃ]

vi.

(因危险和痛苦)退缩,畏惧

flinch *

1. flinch flinches flinching flinched
If you flinch , you make a small sudden movement, especially when something surprises you or hurts you.

- Murat had looked into the eyes of the firing squad without flinching.

- The sharp surface of the rock caught at her skin, making her flinch.

VB

2. flinch flinches flinching flinched
If you flinch from something unpleasant, you are unwilling to do it or think about it, or you avoid doing it.

- The world community should not flinch in the face of this challenge.

- He has never flinched from harsh financial decisions.

VB
= shy away

flinch

verb

recoil

cower

cringe

draw back

quail

shirk

shrink

shy away

wince

fling

[D.J.:fliŋ]

[K.K.:flɪŋ]

vt.

抛, 扔, 丢

vt. & vi.

扑进, 冲出; 急伸, 猛动

n.

尽情欢乐的一阵, 放纵

flung

[D.J.:fl ʌŋ]

[K.K.:flʌŋ]

fling的过去式及过去分词

fling **

1. fling flings flinging flung
If you fling something somewhere, you throw it there using a lot of force.

- The woman flung the cup at him.

- He once seized my knitting, flinging it across the room.

VB

2. fling flings flinging flung
If you fling yourself somewhere, you move or jump there suddenly and with a lot of force.

- He flung himself to the floor.

VB

3. fling flings flinging flung
If you fling a part of your body in a particular direction, especially your arms or head, you move it there suddenly.

- She flung her arms around my neck and kissed me.

VB
= throw

4. fling flings flinging flung
If you fling someone to the ground, you push them very roughly so that they fall over.

- The youth got him by the front of his shirt and flung him to the ground.

VB

5. fling flings flinging flung
If you fling something into a particular place or position, you put it there in a quick or angry way.

- Peter flung his shoes into the corner.

- He flung it down on the desk.

VB

6. fling flings flinging flung
If you fling yourself into a particular activity, you do it with a lot of enthusiasm and energy.

- She flung herself into her career.

- I flung myself into poetry.

VB

7. fling flings
If two people have a fling , they have a brief sexual relationship. (INFORMAL)

- She claims she had a brief fling with him 30 years ago.

N-COUNT: oft N with n
= affair

8. fling
A fling is a short period of enjoyment, especially the last one that you will get an opportunity to have.

- ...that last fling before you finally give up and take up a job.

N-SING

9. fling
Fling can be used instead of `throw' in many expressions that usually contain `throw'.

flung

Flung is the past tense and past participle of fling .

fling

verb

1.

throw

cast

catapult

heave

hurl

propel

sling

toss

noun

2.

binge informal

bash

good time

party

rave-up Brit. slang

spree

flint

[D.J.:flɪnt]

[K.K.:flɪnt]

n.

燧石, 火石

(打火机等的)打火石

flint

1. flint
Flint is a very hard greyish-black stone that was used in former times for making tools.

- ...a flint arrowhead.

- ...eyes the colour of flint.

N-UNCOUNT

2. flint flints
A flint is a small piece of flint which can be struck with a piece of steel to produce sparks.
N-COUNT

flintlock

[D.J.:ˈflintlɔk]

[K.K.:ˈflɪntˌlɑk]

n.

燧石发火装置,燧发枪

flintlock

flintlock flintlocks
A flintlock gun is a type of gun that was used in former times. It is fired by pressing a trigger which causes a spark struck from a flint to light gunpowder.
N-COUNT: oft N n

flinty

[D.J.:ˈflɪntɪ]

[K.K.:ˈflɪntɪ]

adj.

燧石的；燧石构成的

燧石似的；坚硬的

flinty

flinty
If you describe a person or someone's character or expression as flinty , you mean they are harsh and show no emotion.

- ...her flinty stare.

- ...a man of flinty determination.

ADJ-GRADED
= stony hard

flip

[D.J.:flip]

[K.K.:flɪp]

vt.

轻弹, 轻抛[扔]

vi.

发疯, 失去理智

flipping

[ˈflipiŋ]

adj.

讨厌之极的

flip **

1. flip flips flipping flipped
If you flip a device on or off, or if you flip a switch, you turn it on or off by pressing the switch quickly.

- He didn't flip on the headlights until he was two blocks away.

- Then he walked out, flipping the lights off.

- He flipped the timer switch.

VB
= flick

2. flip flips flipping flipped
If you flip through the pages of a book, for example, you quickly turn over the pages in order to find a particular one or to get an idea of the contents.

- He was flipping through a magazine in the living room.

- He flipped the pages of the diary and began reading the last entry.

VB

3. flip flips flipping flipped
If something flips over, or if you flip it over or into a different position, it moves or is moved into a different position.

- The plane then flipped over and burst into flames.

- He flipped it neatly on to the plate.

V-ERG

4. flip flips flipping flipped
If you flip something, especially a coin, you use your thumb to make it turn over and over, as it goes through the air.

- I pulled a coin from my pocket and flipped it.

- I flipped a butt out of the window and drove on.

VB
= toss

5. flip
Also a noun.

- ...having gambled all on the flip of a coin.

N-SING: N of n

6. flip flips flipping flipped
If someone flips , they suddenly become extremely upset or angry because of something that has happened. (INFORMAL)

- He got so provoked that he flipped.

VB
= snap

7. flip
If you say that someone is being flip , you disapprove of them because you think that what they are saying shows they are not being serious enough about something.

- ...a flip answer...

- The tone of the book is sometimes too flip.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= flippant glib

flipping

1. flipping
Some people use flipping to emphasize what they are saying, especially when they are annoyed. (BRIT, INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- This is such a flipping horrible picture.

ADV: ADV adj emphasis
= flaming

2. flipping
Also an adjective.

- I even washed the flipping bed sheets yesterday.

ADJ: ADJ n

flip

noun

toss

flick

snap

spin

throw

flip-flop

[D.J.:ˈflipflɔp]

[K.K.:ˈflɪpˌflɑp]

n.

后滚翻,噼啪(声)

adv.

连续啪啪作声地

flip-flop

1. flip-flop flip-flops
Flip-flops are open shoes which are held on your feet by a strap that goes between your toes. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use thongs )
N-PLURAL

2. flip-flop flip-flops flip-flopping flip-flopped
If you say that someone, especially a politician, flip-flops on a decision, you are critical of them because they change their decision, so that they do or think the opposite. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- He has been criticized for flip-flopping on several key issues.

- He seemed so sure of his decision, how could he flip-flop so dramatically now?

VB disapproval

3. flip-flop flip-flops
Also a noun.

- The President's flip-flops on taxes made him appear indecisive.

N-COUNT

flippancy

[D.J.:ˈflɪpənsɪ]

[K.K.:ˈflɪpənsɪ]

n.

无礼；轻率

无礼的行动(或言语)；轻率的行动(或言语)

flippant

[D.J.:ˈflɪpənt]

[K.K.:ˈflɪpənt]

adj.

轻薄的,轻浮的

无礼的

flippancy

n.

flippantly

adv.

flippantly

adv.

轻率地,没礼貌地

flippant

1. flippant
If you describe a person or what they say as flippant , you are criticizing them because you think they are not taking something as seriously as they should.

- Don't be flippant, damn it! This is serious!.

- He now dismisses that as a flippant comment.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= flip glib

2. flippancy

- She must have thought that there was some flippancy in his tone, for she said, `Andrew, I wish you'd take this seriously'.

N-UNCOUNT

3. flippantly

- He answered carelessly and flippantly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

flippancy

noun

frivolity

impertinence

irreverence

levity

pertness

sauciness

flippant

adjective

frivolous

cheeky

disrespectful

glib

impertinent

irreverent

offhand

superficial

flipper

[D.J.:ˈflɪpə]

[K.K.:ˈflɪpɚ]

n.

(用于游泳或潜水的)脚蹼,鸭脚板

flipper

1. flipper flippers
Flippers are flat pieces of rubber that you can wear on your feet to help you swim more quickly, especially underwater.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. flipper flippers
The flippers of an animal that lives in water, for example a seal or a penguin, are the two or four flat limbs which it uses for swimming.
N-COUNT: usu pl

flip side

1. flip side
The flip side of a record is the side that does not have the main song on it.

- `What's on the flip side?'

N-SING: the N also flipside .

2. flip side
The flip side of a situation consists of the less obvious or less pleasant aspects of it.

- The trade deficit is the flip side of a rapidly expanding economy.

N-SING also flipside .

flirt

[D.J.:flə:t]

[K.K.:flɚt]

vi.

调情; 打情骂俏

flirtation

[D.J.:flə:ˈteiʃ(ə)n]

[K.K.:flɚˈteʃən]

n.

调情,调戏,挑逗

flirt *

1. flirt flirts flirting flirted
If you flirt with someone, you behave as if you are sexually attracted to them, in a playful or not very serious way.

- Dad's flirting with all the ladies, or they're all flirting with him, as usual.

- He flirts outrageously.

V-RECIP

2. flirtation flirtations

- ...a professor who has a flirtation with a student...

- She was aware of his attempts at flirtation.

N-VAR: oft N with n

3. flirt flirts
Someone who is a flirt likes to flirt a lot.
N-COUNT

4. flirt flirts flirting flirted
If you flirt with the idea of something, you consider it but do not do anything about it.

- My mother used to flirt with Anarchism.

- They flirted with the idea of making records throughout the 1980s.

VB

5. flirtation

- ...the party's brief flirtation with economic liberalism.

N-VAR

flirt

verb

1.

lead on

chat up informal

make advances

make eyes at

make sheep's eyes at

philander

usually with with 2.

toy with

consider

dabble in

entertain

expose oneself to

give a thought to

play with

trifle with

noun

3.

tease

coquette

heart-breaker

philanderer

flirtatious

[D.J.:flɜ:ˈteɪʃəs]

[K.K.:flə..ˈteʃəs]

adj.

爱调情的;调情的,卖俏的

flirtatious

flirtatious
Someone who is flirtatious behaves towards someone else as if they are sexually attracted to them, usually in a not very serious way.

- He was dashing, self-confident and flirtatious.

ADJ-GRADED

flirtatious

adjective

teasing

amorous

come-hither

coquettish

coy

enticing

flirty

provocative

sportive

flirty

[ˈflə:ti]

adj.

爱调戏的,轻浮的

flirty

1. flirty
If you describe someone as flirty , you mean that they behave towards people in a way which suggests they are sexually attracted to them, usually in a playful or not very serious way.

- She is amazingly flirty and sensual.

- She had an appealing flirty smile.

ADJ-GRADED

2. flirty
Flirty clothes are feminine and sexy.

- The skirts were knee-skimming and flirty.

ADJ-GRADED

flit

[D.J.:flit]

[K.K.:flɪt]

vi.

轻快地掠过

flitting

调拨,搬运,搬移

flit *

1. flit flits flitting flitted
If you flit around or flit between one place and another, you go to lots of places without staying for very long in any of them.

- Laura flits about New York hailing taxis at every opportunity.

- ...flitting between Florence, Rome and Bologna.

VB
= dash

2. flit flits flitting flitted
If someone flits from one thing or situation to another, they move or turn their attention from one to the other very quickly.

- She flits from one dance partner to another.

- He's prone to flit between subjects with amazing ease.

VB

3. flit flits flitting flitted
If something such as a bird or a bat flits about, it flies quickly from one place to another.

- ...the parrot that flits from tree to tree.

VB

4. flit flits flitting flitted
If an expression flits across your face or an idea flits through your mind, it is there for a short time and then goes again.

- He was unable to prevent a look of interest from flitting across his features.

- Images and memories of the evening flitted through her mind.

VB

float

[D.J.:fləut]

[K.K.:flot]

vt. & vi.

(使)漂浮[飘动]

(使)浮动

vi.

游荡

vt.

提出, 提请考虑

n.

漂浮物; 鱼漂

浮有冰淇淋的饮料

彩车

备用零钱

floating

[D.J.:ˈfləʊtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈflotɪŋ]

adj.

不固定的;流动的;浮动的

floats

浮物

float ***

1. float floats floating floated
If something or someone is floating in a liquid, they are in the liquid, on or just below the surface, and are being supported by it. You can also float something on a liquid.

- They noticed fifty and twenty dollar bills floating in the water.

- ...barges floating quietly by the grassy river banks...

- They'll spend some time floating boats in the creek.

V-ERG

2. float floats floating floated
Something that floats lies on or just below the surface of a liquid when it is put in it and does not sink.

- Empty things float.

VB
≠ sink

3. float floats
A float is a light object that is used to help someone or something float.
N-COUNT

4. float floats
A float is a small object attached to a fishing line which floats on the water and moves when a fish has been caught.
N-COUNT

5. float floats floating floated
Something that floats in or through the air hangs in it or moves slowly and gently through it.

- The white cloud of smoke floated away.

- ...the sun's rays lighting up the dust floating in the air.

VB

6. float floats floating floated
If a sound or smell floats to a place quite far away, it can be heard or smelled there. (LITERARY)

- Sublime music floats on a scented summer breeze to the spot where you lie on the lush grass.

- The smells of delicious foods floated all around him.

VB

7. float floats floating floated
If you float somewhere, you walk there very lightly and gracefully. (LITERARY)

- Caroline floated up the aisle on her father's arm.

VB

8. float floats floating floated
If you float a project, plan, or idea, you suggest it for others to think about.

- The French had floated the idea of placing the diplomatic work in the hands of the UN.

VB

9. float floats floating floated
If a company director floats their company, they start to sell shares in it to the public. (TECHNICAL)

- He floated his firm on the stock market.

- The advisers are delaying the key decision on whether to float 60 per cent or 100 per cent of the shares.

VB

10. float floats floating floated
If a government floats its country's currency or allows it to float , it allows the currency's value to change freely in relation to other currencies. (TECHNICAL)

- A decision by the Finns to float their currency sent a shudder through the foreign exchanges.

- 59 per cent of people believed the pound should be allowed to float freely.

V-ERG

11. float floats
A float is a truck on which displays and people in special costumes are carried in a festival procession.
N-COUNT
See also milk float .

12. float
A float is a small amount of coins and notes of low value that someone has before they start selling things so that they are able to give customers change if necessary. (BRIT)
N-SING

float

verb

1.

be buoyant

hang

hover

2.

glide

bob

drift

move gently

sail

slide

slip along

3.

launch

get going

promote

set up

floating

adjective

1.

buoyant

afloat

buoyed up

sailing

swimming

2.

fluctuating

free

movable

unattached

variable

wandering

float around ***

float around floats around; floating around; floated around
A rumour or idea that is floating around is often heard or talked about.

- There are still some unfounded fears floating around out there about cancer being contagious.

PHR-V

floating voter

floating voter floating voters
A floating voter is a person who is not a firm supporter of any political party, and whose vote in an election is difficult to predict. (mainly BRIT; in AM use swing voter )
N-COUNT

flock

[flɔk]

n.

畜群, 鸟群

人群, 群众

同一教会团体的教徒

vi.

群集, 成群结队而行

flocking

[ˈflɔkiŋ]

n.

羊毛屑,棉屑,植绒花纹

flock **

1. flock flocks
A flock of birds, sheep, or goats is a group of them.

- They kept a small flock of sheep.

- They are gregarious birds and feed in flocks.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu N of n

2. flock flocks
You can refer to a group of people or things as a flock of them to emphasize that there are a lot of them.

- These cases all attracted flocks of famous writers.

- ...his flock of advisers.

N-COUNT-COLL: N of n emphasis

3. flock flocks flocking flocked
If people flock to a particular place or event, a very large number of them go there, usually because it is pleasant or interesting.

- The public have flocked to the show.

- The criticisms will not stop people flocking to see the film.

- His greatest wish must be that huge crowds flock into the beautiful park.

VB

4. flock flocks
A clergyman's flock is the group of Christians who come to his church or live in the area that he has responsibility for. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT: oft poss N
= congregation

flock

noun

1.

herd

colony

drove

flight

gaggle

skein

2.

crowd

collection

company

congregation

gathering

group

herd

host

mass

verb

3.

gather

collect

congregate

converge

crowd

herd

huddle

mass

throng

flog

[D.J.:flɔg, flɔ:g]

[K.K.:flɑɡ, flɔɡ]

vt.

多次重打;抽打;鞭打

<非正>出售

flog a dead horse

鞭策死马；作无用功；白费精力

flog sth to death

滥用；使成为陈词滥调

flogging

n.

鞭打

flogging

[ˈflɔɡiŋ]

n.

鞭打

flog *

1. flog flogs flogging flogged
If someone tries to flog something, they try to sell it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- They are trying to flog their house.

VB

2. flog flogs flogging flogged
If someone is flogged , they are hit very hard with a whip or stick as a punishment.

- In these places people starved, were flogged, were clubbed to death.

- Flog them soundly.

VB

3. flogging floggings

- He gets dragged off to court and sentenced to a flogging and life imprisonment.

- He urged the restoration of hanging and flogging.

N-VAR

4. flog
If you say that someone is flogging a dead horse , you mean that they are trying to achieve something impossible. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects

flog

verb

beat

flagellate

flay

lash

scourge

thrash

trounce

whack

whip

flood

[D.J.:flʌd]

[K.K.:flʌd]

vt. & vi.

(使)为水淹没

大量涌来

充满

vi.

泛滥, 溢出

n.

洪水, 水灾

大量, 大批

flooded

[D.J.:ˈflʌdɪd]

adj.

被水淹的

flooding

[ˈflʌdiŋ]

n.

泛滥

flood ***

1. flood floods
If there is a flood , a large amount of water covers an area which is usually dry, for example when a river flows over its banks or a pipe bursts.

- More than 70 people were killed in the floods, caused when a dam burst.

- This is the type of flood dreaded by cavers.

- Over 25 people drowned when a schoolbus tried to cross a river and flood waters swept through.

N-VAR

2. flood floods flooding flooded
If something such as a river or a burst pipe floods an area that is usually dry or if the area floods , it becomes covered with water.

- The Chicago River flooded the city's underground tunnel system.

- The kitchen flooded.

V-ERG

3. flooded

- People have been mobilised to build defences and drain flooded land as heavy rains continue to fall.

ADJ

4. flood floods flooding flooded
If a river floods , it overflows, especially after very heavy rain.

- ...the relentless rain that caused twenty rivers to flood...

- Many streams have flooded their banks, making some roads impassable.

VB
= overflow

5. flood floods
If you say that a flood of people or things arrive somewhere, you are emphasizing that a very large number of them arrive there.

- The administration is trying to stem the flood of refugees out of Haiti and into Florida.

- He received a flood of letters from irate constituents.

N-COUNT: usu N of n emphasis
= tide torrent

6. flood floods flooding flooded
If you say that people or things flood into a place, you are emphasizing that they arrive there in large numbers.

- Large numbers of immigrants flooded into the area.

- Enquiries flooded in from all over the world.

- ...the refugees flooding out of Kosovo.

VB emphasis
= pour

7. flood floods flooding flooded
If you flood a place with a particular type of thing, or if a particular type of thing floods a place, the place becomes full of so many of them that it cannot hold or deal with any more.

- ...a policy aimed at flooding Europe with exports...

- Brokers expect the markets to be flooded with the shares.

- German cameras at knock-down prices flooded the British market.

VB
= saturate

8. flooded

- ...the danger of Europe becoming flooded with low-cost agricultural imports.

ADJ

9. flood floods flooding flooded
If an emotion, feeling, or thought floods you, you suddenly feel it very intensely. If feelings or memories flood back , you suddenly remember them very clearly. (LITERARY)

- A wave of happiness flooded me.

- Mary Ann was flooded with relief .

- It was probably the shock which had brought all the memories flooding back.

VB

10. flood floods flooding flooded
If light floods a place or floods into it, it suddenly fills it.

- The afternoon light flooded the little rooms.

- Morning sunshine flooded in through the open curtains.

VB
= stream

11. flood
If a river is in flood , it is flowing over its banks because it has more water in it than normal.
PHR: v-link PHR

12. flood
If you say that someone was in floods of tears or in a flood of tears , you are emphasizing that they were crying with great intensity because they were very upset.

- The pain was so bad that I would be in floods of tears.

- She attempted to articulate her grief from behind a flood of tears.

PHR: flood inflects, usu in PHR emphasis

flooding *

flooding
If flooding occurs, an area of land that is usually dry is covered with water after heavy rain or after a river or lake flows over its banks.

- The flooding, caused by three days of torrential rain, is the worst in sixty-five years.

N-UNCOUNT

flood

noun

1.

deluge

downpour

inundation

overflow

spate

tide

torrent

2.

abundance

flow

glut

profusion

rush

stream

torrent

verb

3.

immerse

drown

inundate

overflow

pour over

submerge

swamp

4.

engulf

overwhelm

surge

swarm

sweep

5.

oversupply

choke

fill

glut

saturate

flood out ***

flood out floods out; flooding out; flooded out
If people, places, or things are flooded out , the water from a flood makes it impossible for people to stay in that place or to use that thing.

- Train lines were flooded out.

- The river flooded them out every few years.

PHR-V

floodgates

floodgates
If events open the floodgates to something, they make it possible for that thing to happen much more often or much more seriously than before.

- A decision against the cigarette companies could open the floodgates to many more lawsuits.

- Would it not set a precedent? Would it not open the floodgates?

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to/for n

floodlight

[D.J.:ˈflʌdˌlaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈflʌdˌlaɪt]

n.

泛光灯

floodlighting

n.

泛光灯照明

floodlit

[ˈflʌdlit]

adj.

泛光灯照明的

floodlight *

1. floodlight floodlights
Floodlights are very powerful lamps that are used outside to light public buildings, sports grounds, and other places at night.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. floodlight floodlights floodlighting floodlit
If a building or place is floodlit , it is lit by floodlights.

- In the evening the facade is floodlit.

- A police helicopter hovered above, floodlighting the area.

- ...a floodlit forecourt.

VB

flood plain

flood plain flood plains
A flood plain is a flat area on the edge of a river, where the ground consists of soil, sand, and rock left by the river when it floods.
N-COUNT also floodplain

floor

[D.J.:flɔ:]

[K.K.:flɔr, flor]

n.

地面, 地板

楼层

底

发言权

vt.

给…铺地板

把…打倒在地

击败, 打败

flooring

[D.J.:ˈflɔ:riŋ]

[K.K.:ˈflɔrɪŋ, ˈflor-]

n.

铺地板的材料(如木板和瓷砖)

floor ****

1. floor floors
The floor of a room is the part of it that you walk on.

- Jack's sitting on the floor watching TV.

- We painted the wooden floor with a white stain.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

2. floor floors
A floor of a building is all the rooms that are on a particular level.

- It is on the fifth floor of the hospital.

- They occupied the first two floors of the tower.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= storey

3. floor floors
The ocean floor is the ground at the bottom of an ocean. The valley floor is the ground at the bottom of a valley.

- They spend hours feeding on the ocean floor.

- ...a two-hour climb from the valley floor.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp, oft n N

4. floor floors
The place where official debates and discussions are held, especially between members of parliament, is referred to as the floor .

- The issues were debated on the floor of the House.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

5. floor
In a debate or discussion, the floor is the people who are listening to the arguments being put forward but who are not among the main speakers.

- The president is taking questions from the floor.

N-SING-COLL: the N

6. floor floors
The floor of a stock exchange is the large open area where trading is done.

- ...the dealing floor at Standard Chartered Bank.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

7. floor floors
The floor in a place such as a club or disco is the area where people dance.
N-COUNT

8. floor floors flooring floored
If you are floored by something, you are unable to respond to it because you are so surprised by it.

- He was floored by the announcement.

- He seemed floored by a string of scandals.

VB: usu passive

9. floor floors flooring floored
If someone is floored , especially in boxing, they are hit so hard that they fall over.

- He was floored twice in the second round.

VB: usu passive

10. floor
If you take the floor , you start speaking in a debate or discussion. If you are given the floor , you are allowed to do this.

- Ministers took the floor to denounce the decision to suspend constitutional rule.

- Only members would be given the floor.

PHR: V inflects

11. floor
If you take to the floor , you start dancing at a dance or disco.

- The happy couple and their respective parents took to the floor.

PHR: V inflects

12. floor
If you say that prices or sales have fallen through the floor , you mean that they have suddenly decreased.

- Property prices have dropped through the floor.

- Last year, sales went through the floor.

PHR: PHR after v

13. floor
If you wipe the floor with someone, you defeat them completely in a competition or discussion. (INFORMAL)

- He could wipe the floor with the Prime Minister.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

floored

1. floored
A room or part of a room that is floored with a particular material has a floor made of that material.

- The aisle was floored with ancient bricks.

ADJ

2. floored
Also a combining form.

- They had to cross the large marble-floored hall.

COMB in ADJ

flooring *

flooring floorings
Flooring is a material that is used to make the floor of a room.

- Quarry tiles are a popular kitchen flooring.

N-MASS

floor

noun

1.

tier

level

stage

storey

verb

2.

knock down

deck slang

prostrate

3.

bewilder

baffle

confound

defeat

disconcert

dumbfound

perplex

puzzle

stump

throw informal

floorboard

[D.J.:ˈflɔ:bɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈflɔrˌbɔrd, ˈflorˌbord]

n.

地板(总称)

floorboards

v.

将汽车油门踏到底

floorboard *

floorboard floorboards
Floorboards are the long pieces of wood that a wooden floor is made up of.
N-COUNT: usu pl

floor lamp

floor lamp floor lamps
A floor lamp is a tall electric light which stands on the floor in a living room. (AM; in BRIT use standard lamp )
N-COUNT

floor show

floor show floor shows
A floor show is a series of performances by dancers, singers, or comedians at a night club.
N-COUNT also floorshow .

floozy

[D.J.:ˈflu:zi:]

[K.K.:ˈfluzi]

n.

荡妇,妓女

floozy

floozy floozies
If you refer to a woman as a floozy , you disapprove of her sexual behaviour and the fact that she wears vulgar clothes. (INFORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT disapproval

flop

[D.J.:flɔp]

[K.K.:flɑp]

vi.

(笨拙地、不由自主地或松弛地)移动或落下

(指书、戏剧等)彻底失败, 不成功

n.

<非正>失败

flopping

[ˈflɔpiŋ]

n.

贬调

flop **

1. flop flops flopping flopped
If you flop into a chair, for example, you sit down suddenly and heavily because you are so tired.

- Bunbury flopped down upon the bed and rested his tired feet.

- She flopped, exhausted, on to a sofa.

VB
= collapse

2. flop flops flopping flopped
If something flops onto something else, it falls there heavily or untidily.

- The briefcase flopped onto the desk.

- His hair flopped over his left eye.

VB

3. flop flops
If something is a flop , it is completely unsuccessful. (INFORMAL)

- It is the public who decide whether a film is a hit or a flop.

N-COUNT: oft adj N
= failure

4. flop flops flopping flopped
If something flops , it is completely unsuccessful. (INFORMAL)

- The film flopped badly at the box office.

VB

flop

verb Informal

1.

fall

collapse

dangle

droop

drop

sag

slump

2.

fail

come unstuck

fall flat

fold informal

founder

go belly-up slang

misfire

noun

3.

failure

debacle

disaster

fiasco

nonstarter

washout informal

flophouse

[D.J.:ˈflɔphaus]

[K.K.:ˈflɑpˌhaʊs]

n.

廉价的低级住所或旅馆;〈俗〉监狱

flophouse

flophouse flophouses
A flophouse is a kind of cheap hotel in a city for people who have no home and very little money. (INFORMAL) (AM; in BRIT use doss-house )
N-COUNT

floppy

[D.J.:ˈflɔpi:]

[K.K.:ˈflɑpi]

adj.

松软的;松弛下垂的

floppy *

floppy
Something that is floppy is loose rather than stiff, and tends to hang downwards.

- ...the girl with the floppy hat and glasses.

ADJ-GRADED

floppy

adjective Informal

droopy

baggy

flaccid

limp

loose

pendulous

sagging

soft

floppy disk

floppy disk floppy disks
A floppy disk is a small magnetic disk that is used for storing computer data and programs. Floppy disks are used especially with personal computers.
N-COUNT (BRIT) also floppy disc

flora

[D.J.:ˈflɔ:rə]

n.

(某地区或某时期的)植物群;植物区系; 植物志

flora *

flora
You can refer to plants as flora , especially the plants growing in a particular area. (FORMAL)

- ...the variety of food crops and flora which now exists in Dominica.

N-UNCOUNT-COLL

floral

[D.J.:ˈflɔ:rəl]

[K.K.:ˈflɔrəl, ˈflor-]

adj.

用花做的

用花装饰的

floral *

1. floral
A floral fabric or design has flowers on it.

- ...a bright yellow floral fabric.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. floral
You can use floral to describe something that contains flowers or is made of flowers.

- ...eye-catching floral arrangements.

ADJ: ADJ n

floral

adjective

flowery

flower-patterned

floret

[D.J.:ˈflɔ:rit]

[K.K.:ˈflɔrɪt, ˈflor-]

n.

小花(尤指菊科植物管状花状小花),绢丝

floret

1. floret florets
On a flowering plant, a floret is a small flower that is part of a larger flower.
N-COUNT

2. floret florets
On vegetables such as broccoli and cauliflower, a floret is one of the small, flower-shaped pieces which make up the part of the vegetable that you eat.
N-COUNT

florid

[D.J.:ˈflɔ:rɪd, ˈflɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈflɔrɪd, ˈflɑr-]

adj.

红润的

华丽的

炫耀的

florid

1. florid
If you describe something as florid , you disapprove of the fact that it is complicated and extravagant rather than plain and simple.

- ...florid language.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= ornate

2. florid
Someone who is florid always has a red face.

- Jacobs was a stout, florid man.

ADJ-GRADED

florid

adjective

1.

flushed

blowsy

high-coloured

rubicund

ruddy

2.

flowery

baroque

flamboyant

fussy

high-flown

ornate

overelaborate

florin

[D.J.:ˈflɔrin]

[K.K.:ˈflɔrɪn, ˈflɑr-]

n.

弗罗林,一种货币

florin

florin florins
A florin was a British coin that was worth two shillings.
N-COUNT

florist

[D.J.:ˈflɔ:rɪst, ˈfləʊr-, ˈflɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈflɔrɪst, ˈflor-, ˈflɑr-]

n.

花商,花农;花卉研究者

florist

1. florist florists
A florist is a shopkeeper who arranges and sells flowers and sells house plants.
N-COUNT

2. florist florists
A florist or a florist's is a shop where flowers and house plants are sold.
N-COUNT: oft the N

floss

[D.J.:flɔs]

[K.K.:flɔs, flɑs]

n.

丝棉,乱丝,绣花丝线,绒毛

floss

1. floss
You can use floss to refer to fine soft threads of some kind.

- Craft Resources also sells yarn and embroidery floss.

N-UNCOUNT
See also candyfloss , dental floss .

2. floss flosses flossing flossed
When you floss , you use a special kind of strong string to clean between your teeth and gums.

- ...brushing your teeth after each meal and flossing daily...

- She was flossing her teeth at the time.

VB

flotation

[D.J.:fləuˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:floˈteʃən]

n.

(公开发行股票)开办新公司

flotation *

1. flotation flotations
The flotation of a company is the selling of shares in it to the public.
N-VAR

2. flotation
A flotation compartment helps something to float because it is filled with air or gas.
ADJ: ADJ n

flotilla

[D.J.:fləuˈtilə]

[K.K.:floˈtɪlə]

n.

小舰队,小型船队

flotilla

flotilla flotillas
A flotilla is a group of small ships, usually military ships.
N-COUNT

flotsam

[D.J.:ˈflɔtsəm]

[K.K.:ˈflɑtsəm]

n.

浮货,废料,零碎物,流离失所者

flotsam

1. flotsam
Flotsam is rubbish, for example bits of wood and plastic, that is floating on the sea or has been left by the sea on the shore.

- The water was full of flotsam and refuse.

N-UNCOUNT

2. flotsam
You can use flotsam to refer to people who do not have homes or jobs and perhaps have had to leave their own country. (JOURNALISM)

- He was another of the city's flotsam.

N-UNCOUNT

3. flotsam
You can use flotsam and jetsam to refer to small or unimportant items that are found together, especially ones that have no connection with each other.

- ...cornflake packets, bottles, and all the flotsam and jetsam of the kitchen.

- ...flotsam and jetsam on the beach.

PHR

flotsam

noun

debris

detritus

jetsam

junk

odds and ends

wreckage

flounce

[D.J.:flaʊns]

[K.K.:flaʊns]

vi.

暴跳, 怒气冲冲地走动

flouncing

[D.J.:ˈflaunsiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈflaʊnsɪŋ]

n.

(总称)荷叶边,薄纱绉褶边

flounce

1. flounce flounces flouncing flounced
If you flounce somewhere, you walk there quickly with exaggerated movements, in a way that shows you are annoyed or upset.

- She flounced out of my room in a huff.

- She will flounce and argue when asked to leave the room.

VB

2. flounce flounces
A flounce is a piece of cloth that has been sewn into folds and put around the edge of something, for example a skirt, dress, tablecloth, or curtain.

- ...a gown with a flounce round the hem.

N-COUNT
= frill

flounder

[D.J.:ˈflaʊndə]

[K.K.:ˈflaʊndɚ]

vi.

(常指在水中)挣扎

flounder about/around

挣扎；漫无目标

flounder **

1. flounder flounders floundering floundered
If something is floundering , it has many problems and may soon fail completely.

- What a pity that his career was left to flounder.

- The economy was floundering.

VB
= founder

2. flounder flounders floundering floundered
If you say that someone is floundering , you are criticizing them for not making decisions or for not knowing what to say or do.

- Right now, you've got a president who's floundering, trying to find some way to get his campaign jump-started.

- I know that you're floundering around, trying to grasp at any straw.

VB disapproval
= dither

3. flounder flounders floundering floundered
If you flounder in water or mud, you move in an uncontrolled way, trying not to sink.

- Three men were floundering about in the water.

VB

4. flounder flounders
A flounder is a flat fish that you can eat.
N-VAR The plural form can be either flounder or flounders .

5. flounder
Flounder is this fish eaten as food.

- Mr. Dambar had loaded his plate with stuffed flounder.

N-UNCOUNT The plural form can be either flounder or flounders .

flounder

verb

fumble

grope

struggle

stumble

thrash

toss

flour

[D.J.:ˈflauə]

[K.K.:flaʊr]

n.

面粉

floured

磨碎的;粉质的,粉状的;撒上粉的

flouring

粉末化

flour **

1. flour flours
Flour is a white or brown powder that is made by grinding grain. It is used to make bread, cakes, and pastry.
N-MASS

2. flour flours flouring floured
If you flour cooking equipment or food, you cover it with flour.

- Lightly flour a rolling pin.

- Remove the dough from the bowl and put it on a floured surface.

VB

flourish

[D.J.:ˈflʌriʃ]

[K.K.:ˈflɚrɪʃ, ˈflʌr-]

vi.

茂盛, 繁荣

兴旺发达

vt.

挥动

flourishing

adj.

繁荣的, 昌盛的; 欣欣向荣的, 蒸蒸日上的

茂盛的, 兴盛的

盛行的；猖獗的

flourish **

1. flourish flourishes flourishing flourished
If something flourishes , it is successful, active, or common, and developing quickly and strongly.

- Business flourished and within six months they were earning 18,000 roubles a day.

- Racism and crime still flourish in the ghetto.

VB
= thrive ≠ decline

2. flourishing

- London quickly became a flourishing port.

ADJ-GRADED
= thriving

3. flourish flourishes flourishing flourished
If a plant or animal flourishes , it grows well or is healthy because the conditions are right for it.

- The plant flourishes particularly well in slightly harsher climes.

VB
= thrive

4. flourishing

- Britain has the largest and most flourishing fox population in Europe.

ADJ-GRADED
= thriving

5. flourish flourishes flourishing flourished
If you flourish an object, you wave it about in a way that makes people notice it.

- He flourished the glass to emphasize the point.

VB

6. flourish flourishes
Also a noun.

- He took his peaked cap from under his arm with a flourish and pulled it low over his eyes.

N-COUNT

7. flourish flourishes
If you do something with a flourish , you do in a showy way so that people notice it.

- She tended to finish dancing with a flourish.

N-COUNT

8. flourish flourishes
A flourish is a curly line or piece of decoration.

- He scrawled his name across the bill, underlining it with a showy flourish.

N-COUNT
= swirl curlicue

flourish

verb

1.

prosper

bloom

blossom

boom

flower

grow

increase

succeed

thrive

2.

wave

brandish

display

flaunt

shake

wield

noun

3.

wave

display

fanfare

parade

show

4.

ornamentation

curlicue

decoration

embellishment

plume

sweep

flourishing

adjective

successful

blooming

going places

in the pink

luxuriant

prospering

rampant

thriving

floury

[ˈflauəri]

adj.

粉状的,因粉变白的

floury

1. floury
Something that is floury is covered with flour or tastes of flour.

- She wiped her floury hands on her apron.

- ...floury scones.

ADJ-GRADED

2. floury
Floury potatoes go soft round the edges and break up when they are cooked.
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

flout

[D.J.:flaʊt]

[K.K.:flaʊt]

vt.

藐视, 轻视

flout *

flout flouts flouting flouted
If you flout something such as a law, an order, or an accepted way of behaving, you deliberately do not obey it or follow it.

- ...illegal campers who persist in flouting the law...

- Building regulations have been habitually flouted.

VB
= defy ≠ obey

flout

verb

defy

laugh in the face of

mock

scoff at

scorn

sneer at

spurn

flow

[D.J.:fləu]

[K.K.:flo]

vi.

流, 流动; 循环

垂; 飘拂

n.

流动, 流量

flowing

[ˈfləuiŋ]

adj.

流动的; (轮廓等)圆滑的; 下垂的

flow ****

1. flow flows flowing flowed
If a liquid, gas, or electrical current flows somewhere, it moves there steadily and continuously.

- A stream flowed gently down into the valley.

- The current flows into electric motors that drive the wheels.

- ...compressor stations that keep the gas flowing.

VB

2. flow flows
Also a noun.

- It works only in the veins, where the blood flow is slower.

N-VAR: with supp

3. flow flows flowing flowed
If a number of people or things flow from one place to another, they move there steadily in large groups, usually without stopping.

- Large numbers of refugees continue to flow from the troubled region into the no-man's land.

- Troops would patrol major roads to ensure that traffic flows freely throughout the country.

VB
= move

4. flow flows
Also a noun.

- She watched the frantic flow of cars and buses along the street.

- It would monitor traffic flows and provide feedback to motorists.

N-VAR: with supp

5. flow flows flowing flowed
If information or money flows somewhere, it moves freely between people or organizations.

- A lot of this information flowed through other police departments.

- An interest rate reduction is needed to get more money flowing and create jobs.

VB

6. flow flows
Also a noun.

- ...the opportunity to control the flow of information.

N-VAR: with supp
See also cash flow .

7. flow flows flowing flowed
If an emotion flows through someone, they feel it very intensely, often so that other people notice it. (LITERARY)

- In that moment a surge of hatred flowed through my blood.

- Waves of emotion flowed across his huge face.

VB
= surge

8. flow flows flowing flowed
If a quality or situation flows from something, it comes from it or results naturally from it.

- Undesirable consequences flow from these misconceptions.

- ...the psychological effects that can flow from childhood experiences of sexual abuse.

VB
= result from

9. flow flows flowing flowed
If someone's words flow , they are spoken smoothly and continuously.

- His words flowed more readily.

VB

10. flow flows flowing flowed
If someone's hair or clothing flows about them, it hangs freely and loosely. (LITERARY)

- ...a long white dress which flowed over her body.

- ...long black flowing hair.

VB

11. flow flows flowing flowed
If you say that something flows or that a place flows with it, you are indicating that there is a great deal of that thing in the place.

- The wine flowed and we danced the night away.

- The square was packed, and the cobbled streets flowed with coloured petals.

VB

12. flow
Someone who is in full flow is talking easily and continuously and seems likely to go on talking for some time.

- He had been replying for some 40 minutes already and was still in full flow.

PHR: v-link PHR

13. flow
If you say that an activity, or the person who is performing the activity, is in full flow , you mean that the activity has started and is being carried out with a great deal of energy and enthusiasm.

- Lunch at Harry's Bar was in full flow when Irene made a splendid entrance.

- The Everton keeper needed all his courage to thwart a charging Vinny Jones in full flow.

PHR: v-link PHR

14. flow
If you go with the flow , you let things happen or let other people tell you what to do, rather than trying to control what happens yourself.

- There's nothing I can do about the problem, so I might as well go with the flow.

PHR: V inflects

flow

verb

1.

run

circulate

course

move

roll

2.

pour

cascade

flood

gush

rush

stream

surge

sweep

3.

result

arise

emanate

emerge

issue

proceed

spring

noun

4.

tide

course

current

drift

flood

flux

outpouring

spate

stream

flowing

adjective

1.

streaming

falling

gushing

rolling

rushing

smooth

sweeping

2.

fluent

continuous

easy

smooth

unbroken

uninterrupted

flow chart

flow chart flow charts
A flow chart or a flow diagram is a diagram which represents the sequence of actions in a particular process or activity.
N-COUNT

flower

[D.J.:ˈflauə]

[K.K.:ˈflaʊɚ]

n.

花, 花朵

开花植物, 花卉

精华

vi.

开花

繁荣, 成熟

flowered

[D.J.:ˈflaʊəd]

[K.K.:ˈflaʊɚd]

adj.

花开着的;多花的

用花装饰的

flowering

[D.J.:ˈflaʊərɪŋ]

n.

兴盛时期;成熟期

adj.

开花的;有花的

flower ****

1. flower flowers
A flower is the part of a plant which is often brightly coloured, grows at the end of a stem, and only survives for a short time.

- Each individual flower is tiny.

- ...large, purplish-blue flowers.

N-COUNT

2. flower flowers
A flower is a stem of a plant that has one or more flowers on it and has been picked, usually with others, for example to give as a present or to put in a vase.

- ...a bunch of flowers sent by a new admirer.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. flower flowers
Flowers are small plants that are grown for their flowers as opposed to trees, shrubs, and vegetables.

- ...a lawned area surrounded by screening plants and flowers...

- The flower garden will be ablaze with colour every day.

N-COUNT: usu pl

4. flower flowers flowering flowered
When a plant or tree flowers , its flowers appear and open.

- Several of these rhododendrons will flower this year for the first time.

VB

5. flower flowers flowering flowered
When something flowers , for example a political movement or a relationship, it gets stronger and more successful.

- Their relationship flowered.

VB
= blossom

6. flower
A person or thing that is described as the flower of something is the best part or example of it. (LITERARY)

- Those killed have been described as the flower of Polish manhood.

N-SING: the N of n

7. flower
When a plant is in flower or when it has come into flower , its flowers have appeared and opened.

- Some of the daffodils are still in flower.

- As one plant fades, another comes into flower.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, PHR after v

flowered

flowered
Flowered paper or cloth has a pattern of flowers on it.

- She was wearing a pretty flowered cotton dress.

ADJ: ADJ n
= floral

flowering *

1. flowering
The flowering of something such as an idea or artistic style is the development of its popularity and success.

- He may be happy with the flowering of new thinking, but he has yet to contribute much to it himself.

- ...the flowering of creative genius.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n
= blossoming

2. flowering
Flowering shrubs, trees, or plants are those which produce noticeable flowers.
ADJ: ADJ n

flower

noun

1.

bloom

blossom

efflorescence

2.

elite

best

cream

crème de la crème

pick

verb

3.

blossom

bloom

flourish

mature

open

unfold

flower arranging

flower arranging
Flower arranging is the art or hobby of arranging cut flowers in a way which makes them look attractive.
N-UNCOUNT

flowerbed

[ˈflauəbed]

n.

花床,花圃

flowerbed

flowerbed flowerbeds
A flowerbed is an area of ground in a garden or park which has been specially prepared so that flowers can be grown in it.
N-COUNT also flower bed .

flowerpot

[D.J.:ˈflauəpɔt]

[K.K.:ˈflaʊɚˌpɑt]

n.

花盆,花钵

flowerpot

flowerpot flowerpots
A flowerpot is a container that is used for growing plants.
N-COUNT also flower pot .
= plant pot

flower power

flower power
Flower power is an old-fashioned way of referring to hippies and the culture associated with hippies in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

- ...the era of flower power.

- ...the flower power generation.

N-UNCOUNT

flowery

[D.J.:ˈflaʊəri:]

[K.K.:ˈflaʊəri]

adj.

用花装饰的

<贬>(说话或作品)辞藻华丽的

flowery

1. flowery
A flowery smell is strong and sweet.

- Amy thought she caught the faintest drift of Isabel's flowery perfume.

ADJ-GRADED

2. flowery
Flowery cloth, paper, or china has a lot of flowers printed or painted on it.

- The baby, dressed in a flowery jumpsuit, waved her rattle.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= floral

3. flowery
Flowery speech or writing contains long or literary words and expressions.

- They were using uncommonly flowery language.

ADJ-GRADED
= fancy

flowery

adjective

ornate

baroque

embellished

fancy

florid

high-flown

flown

Flown is the past participle of fly .

fl. oz. *

fl. oz.
fl. oz. is a written abbreviation for fluid ounce .

= fluid ounce

flu

[D.J.:flu:]

[K.K.:flu]

n.

流行性感冒; 流感

flu *

flu
Flu is an illness which is similar to a bad cold but more serious. It often makes you feel very weak and makes your muscles hurt.

- I got flu.

- He had come down with the flu.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N
= influenza

fluctuate

[D.J.:ˈflʌktjueit]

[K.K.:ˈflʌktʃuˌet]

vi.

波动, 涨落, 起伏

fluctuating

变动,上下摇动

fluctuation

[D.J.:ˌflʌktjʊˈeɪʃɵn]

[K.K.:ˌflʌktʃʊˈeʃən]

n.

波动,涨落,起伏

fluctuate *

1. fluctuate fluctuates fluctuating fluctuated
If something fluctuates , it changes a lot in an irregular way.

- Body temperature can fluctuate if you are ill.

- ...the fluctuating price of oil.

VB

2. fluctuation fluctuations

- Don't worry about tiny fluctuations in your weight.

- The calculations do not take into account any fluctuation in the share price.

N-VAR: usu N in/of n

fluctuate

verb

change

alternate

oscillate

seesaw

shift

swing

vary

veer

waver

flue

[D.J.:flu:]

[K.K.:flu]

n.

烟道

flue

flue flues
A flue is a pipe or long tube that acts as a chimney, taking smoke away from a device such as a heater, fire, or cooker.
N-COUNT

fluency

[D.J.:ˈflu:ənsɪ]

n.

(尤指外语)流利,流畅

fluent

[D.J.:ˈflu:ənt]

[K.K.:ˈfluənt]

adj.

(说话、写作等)熟练的, 流畅的

(说话、写作等)流利的

fluently

[D.J.:ˈflu:əntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfluəntlɪ]

adv.

流利地,流畅地

fluent *

1. fluent
Someone who is fluent in a particular language, can speak the language easily and correctly. You can also say that someone speaks fluent French, Chinese, or some other language.

- She studied eight foreign languages but is fluent in only six of them.

- He speaks fluent Russian.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ in n

2. fluency

- To work as a translator, you need fluency in at least one foreign language.

N-UNCOUNT

3. fluently

- He spoke three languages fluently.

ADV-GRADED

4. fluent
If your speech, reading, or writing is fluent , you speak, read, or write easily, smoothly, and clearly with no mistakes.

- He had emerged from being a hesitant and unsure candidate into a fluent debater.

ADJ-GRADED

5. fluency

- His son was praised for speeches of remarkable fluency.

N-UNCOUNT

6. fluently

- Alex didn't read fluently till he was nearly seven.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

fluency

noun

ease

articulateness

assurance

command

control

facility

readiness

slickness

smoothness

fluent

adjective

smooth

articulate

easy

effortless

flowing

natural

voluble

well-versed

fluff

[D.J.:flʌf]

[K.K.:flʌf]

n.

(毛毯等落下的)绒毛

未成功的尝试;错误;失误

vt.&vi.

(使)起毛；（使）变松

fluff sth out/up

抖松，刷柔软(羽毛、毛皮、毛发等)

fluffing

(皮)精细磨革,磨里

fluff *

1. fluff
Fluff consists of soft threads or fibres in the form of small, light balls or lumps. For example, you can refer to the fur of a small animal as fluff .

- ...the nestbox which contained two chicks: just small grey balls of fluff...

- She noticed some bits of fluff on the sleeve of her sweater.

N-UNCOUNT: oft n of N

2. fluff fluffs fluffing fluffed
If you fluff something that you are trying to do, you are unsuccessful or you do it badly. (INFORMAL)

- She fluffed her interview at Oxford.

VB

3. fluff fluffs fluffing fluffed
If you fluff things such as cushions or feathers, you get a lot of air into them, for example by shaking or brushing them, in order to make them seem larger and lighter.

- She stood up and fluffed her hair, wiggling her fingers through it and then throwing it back.

VB

4. fluff up; fluffs up; fluffing up; fluffed up
Fluff up means the same as fluff .

- Take the pan off the heat and cover for 5 minutes to fluff up the rice.

PHR-V

fluff

noun

1.

fuzz

down

nap

pile

verb

2.

spoil

bungle

make a mess off

mess up informal

muddle

fluffy

[D.J.:ˈflʌfi:]

[K.K.:ˈflʌfi]

adj.

似绒毛的,有绒毛的

蓬松的,松软的

fluffy *

1. fluffy fluffier fluffiest
If you describe something such as a towel or a toy animal as fluffy , you mean that it is very soft.

- ...fluffy white towels...

- It's a very fluffy kind of wool.

ADJ-GRADED
= soft

2. fluffy fluffier fluffiest
A cake or other food that is fluffy is very light because it has a lot of air in it.

- Cream together the margarine and sugar with a wooden spoon until light and fluffy.

ADJ-GRADED

fluffy

adjective Informal

soft

downy

feathery

fleecy

fuzzy

fluid

[D.J.:ˈflu:ɪd]

[K.K.:ˈfluɪd]

adj.

流体的, 流动的

易变的, 不固定的

n.

液体, 流体

fluidity

[flu(:)ˈiditi]

n.

流动性,流质,变移性,流度

fluid **

1. fluid fluids
A fluid is a liquid. (FORMAL)

- The blood vessels may leak fluid, which distorts vision.

- Make sure that you drink plenty of fluids.

- ...fluid retention.

N-MASS

2. fluid
Fluid movements or lines or designs are smooth and graceful.

- His painting became less illustrational and more fluid.

- ...long, fluid dresses.

ADJ-GRADED
= flowing

3. fluidity

- She dances with an exquisite fluidity of movement.

N-UNCOUNT

4. fluid
A situation that is fluid is unstable and is likely to change often.

- The situation is extremely fluid and it can be changing from day to day.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= changeable

5. fluidity

- ...the complexity and fluidity of the crisis.

N-UNCOUNT

fluid

noun

1.

liquid

liquor

solution

adjective

2.

liquid

flowing

liquefied

melted

molten

runny

watery

fluid ounce

fluid ounce fluid ounces
A fluid ounce is a measurement of liquid. There are twenty fluid ounces in a British pint, and sixteen in an American pint.
N-COUNT: num N, oft N of n

fluke

[D.J.:flu:k]

[K.K.:fluk]

n.

<非正>侥幸成功

flukes

锚爪

fluke *

fluke flukes
If you say that something good is a fluke , you mean that it happened accidentally rather than by being planned or arranged. (INFORMAL)

- The discovery was something of a fluke.

- By sheer fluke, one of the shipowner's employees was in the city.

N-COUNT: usu sing, also by N

fluke

noun

lucky break

accident

chance

coincidence

quirk of fate

serendipity

stroke of luck

flummox

[D.J.:ˈflʌməks]

[K.K.:ˈflʌməks]

vt.

<口>使困惑,使慌乱

flummox

1. flummox flummoxes flummoxing flummoxed
If someone is flummoxed by something, they are confused by it and do not know what to do or say.

- The two leaders were flummoxed by the suggestion.

VB: usu passive

2. flummoxed

- No wonder Josef was feeling a bit flummoxed.

ADJ-GRADED

flunk

[D.J.:flʌŋk]

[K.K.:flʌŋk]

vt. & vi.

<美><口>

(使)(考试、某学科的成绩等)不及格

vt.

评定(某人)不及格

flunk out; flunk out of

(因不及格而) 退学

flunk

flunk flunks flunking flunked
If you flunk an exam or a course, you fail to reach the required standard. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- Your son is upset because he flunked a history exam.

VB
= fail

flunkey

[ˈflʌŋki]

n.

穿制服的仆役,谄媚者

flunkey

1. flunkey flunkeys
Someone who refers to a servant as a flunkey is expressing their dislike for a job that involves doing things for an employer that ordinary people do for themselves.
N-COUNT also flunky . disapproval
= lackey

2. flunkey flunkeys
If you refer to someone as a flunkey , you disapprove of the fact that they associate themselves with someone who is powerful and carry out small, unimportant jobs for them in the hope of being rewarded.
N-COUNT also flunky . disapproval
= hanger-on

fluorescence

[D.J.:fluəˈresns]

[K.K.:flʊˈrɛsəns, flɔ-, flo-]

n.

荧光,荧光性

fluorescent

[D.J.:fluəˈresnt]

[K.K.:flʊˈrɛsənt, flɔ-, flo-]

adj.

荧光的, 发荧光的

fluorescent *

1. fluorescent
A fluorescent surface, substance, or colour has a very bright appearance when light is directed onto it, as if it is actually shining itself.

- ...a piece of fluorescent tape.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. fluorescence

- ...the green fluorescence it gives off under ultraviolet radiation.

N-UNCOUNT

3. fluorescent
A fluorescent light shines with a very hard, bright light and is usually in the form of a long strip.

- Fluorescent lights flickered, and then the room was brilliantly, blindingly bright.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

fluoridation

[D.J.:ˌfluəriˈdeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌflʊrɪˈdeʃən, ˌflɔr-, ˌflor-]

n.

加氟作用,氟化反应

fluoridation

fluoridation
Fluoridation is the action or process of adding fluoride to a water supply.

- ...fluoridation of the water supply in Strathclyde region.

N-UNCOUNT

fluoride

[D.J.:ˈflʊərˌaɪd, ˈflɔ:r-, ˈfləʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈflʊrˌaɪd, ˈflɔr-, ˈflor-]

n.

<化>氟化物

fluoride *

fluoride
Fluoride is a mixture of chemicals that is sometimes added to drinking water and toothpaste because it is considered to be good for people's teeth.
N-UNCOUNT

fluorine

[D.J.:ˈflʊərˌi:n, -ɪn, ˈflɔ:r-, ˈfləʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈflʊrˌin, -ɪn, ˈflɔr-, ˈflor-]

n.

<化>氟

fluorine

fluorine
Fluorine is a pale yellow, poisonous gas. It is used in the production of uranium and other chemicals.
N-UNCOUNT

flurry

[D.J.:ˈflɜ:ri:, ˈflʌri:]

[K.K.:ˈflə..ri, ˈflʌri]

n.

疾风,骤雨;骤然降下的一场雪等;一阵

flurry *

1. flurry flurries
A flurry of something such as activity or excitement is a short intense period of it.

- ...a flurry of diplomatic activity aimed at ending the war.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

2. flurry flurries
A flurry of something such as snow is a small amount of it that suddenly appears for a short time and moves in a quick, swirling way.
N-COUNT: oft N of n

flurry

noun

1.

commotion

ado

bustle

disturbance

excitement

flutter

fuss

stir

2.

gust

squall

flush

[D.J.:flʌʃ]

[K.K.:flʌʃ]

vt. & vi.

冲刷, 清除

面红耳赤; (使)脸红

adj.

齐平的, 同高的

(尤指钱)充裕的, 富裕的

n.

冲洗, 清洗

脸红; 激动; 喜悦

flushed

[D.J.:fl ʌʃt]

[K.K.:fl ʌʃt]

adj.

(脸)发红的；涨红的

兴奋的;激动的

flushing

[D.J.:ˈflʌʃiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈflʌʃɪŋ]

n.

脸红

adj.

使人脸红的

flush **

1. flush flushes flushing flushed
If you flush , your face goes red because you are hot or ill, or because you are feeling a strong emotion such as embarrassment or anger.

- Do you sweat a lot or flush a lot?.

- He turned away embarrassed, his face flushing red.

VB

2. flush flushes
Also a noun.

- There was a slight flush on his cheeks.

N-COUNT

3. flushed

- Her face was flushed with anger.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n

4. flush flushes flushing flushed
When someone flushes a toilet after using it, they fill the toilet bowl with water in order to clean it, usually by pressing a handle or pulling a chain. You can also say that a toilet flushes .

- She flushed the toilet and went back in the bedroom.

- ...the sound of the toilet flushing.

V-ERG

5. flush flushes
Also a noun.

- He heard the flush of a toilet.

N-COUNT: usu sing

6. flush flushes flushing flushed
If you flush something down the toilet, you get rid of it by putting it into the toilet bowl and flushing the toilet.

- He was found trying to flush banknotes down the toilet.

VB

7. flush flushes flushing flushed
If you flush a part of your body, you clean it or make it healthier by using a large amount of liquid to get rid of dirt or harmful substances.

- Flush the eye with clean cold water for at least 15 minutes.

- Water is ideal to flush the kidneys and the urinary tract.

VB
= cleanse

8. flush out flushes out; flushing out; flushed out
Flush out means the same as flush .

- ...an `alternative' therapy that gently flushes out the colon to remove toxins.

PHR-V

9. flush flushes flushing flushed
If you flush dirt or a harmful substance out of a place, you get rid of it by using a large amount of liquid.

- That won't flush out all the sewage, but it should unclog some stinking drains.

VB

10. flush flushes flushing flushed
If you flush people or animals out of a place where they are hiding, you find or capture them by forcing them to come out of that place.

- They flushed them out of their hiding places.

- The Guyana Defence Force is engaged in flushing out illegal Brazilian miners operating in the country.

VB

11. flush
If one object or surface is flush with another, they are at the same height or distance from something else, so that they form a single smooth surface.

- Make sure the tile is flush with the surrounding tiles.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n
= level

12. flush
If you are flush with money, you have a lot of it, usually only for a short time. (INFORMAL)

- At that time, many developing countries were flush with dollars earned from exports.

- If we're feeling flush we'll probably give them champagne.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n

13. flush
The flush of something is an intense feeling of excitement or pleasure that you have when you are experiencing it and for a short time afterwards.

- ...the first flush of young love.

- ...in the flush of victory in the spring of 1945.

N-SING: N of n

14. flush
A flush of something is a large quantity of it that comes suddenly or quickly.

- ...the flush of recent victories.

- ...a flush of memories.

N-SING: N of n
= spate

flushed

flushed
If you say that someone is flushed with success or pride you mean that they are very excited by their success or pride.

- Grace was flushed with the success of the venture.

- The publishers were flushed with triumph when they secured rights to her novel.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with n
= elated

flush

verb

1.

blush

colour

glow

go red

redden

2.

rinse out

cleanse

flood

hose down

wash out

noun

3.

blush

colour

glow

redness

rosiness

flush

adjective

1.

level

even

flat

square

true

2.

wealthy

in the money informal

moneyed

rich

well-heeled informal

well-off

flushed

adjective Informal

blushing

crimson

embarrassed

glowing

hot

red

rosy

ruddy

fluster

[D.J.:ˈflʌstə]

[K.K.:ˈflʌstɚ]

vt.

使慌乱,使不安

n.

慌乱,不安

fluster

1. fluster flusters flustering flustered
If you fluster someone, you make them feel nervous and confused by rushing them and preventing them from concentrating on what they are doing.

- The General refused to be flustered.

- She was a very calm person. Nothing could fluster her.

VB

2. flustered

- She was so flustered that she forgot her reply.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

fluster

verb

1.

upset

agitate

bother

confuse

disturb

perturb

rattle informal

ruffle

unnerve

noun

2.

turmoil

disturbance

dither chiefly Brit.

flap informal

flurry

flutter

furore

state informal

flute

[D.J.:flu:t]

[K.K.:flut]

n.

长笛

flute *

flute flutes
A flute is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. You play it by blowing over a hole near one end while holding it sideways to your mouth.
N-VAR: oft the N

fluted

[ˈflu:tid]

adj.

笛声的,有凹槽的,长笛般的

fluted

fluted
Something that is fluted has shallow curves cut into it.

- She leaned against the fluted wooden post of the porch.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= grooved

fluting

[D.J.:ˈflu:tiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈflutɪŋ]

n.

有沟槽的衣料,吹笛子,笛声,刻凹槽

fluting

fluting
If you describe someone's voice as fluting , you mean that it goes up and down a lot, and usually that it is high pitched.

- Her voice, small and fluting, stopped abruptly.

- ...a fluting and melodic Scottish accent.

ADJ

flutist

[D.J.:ˈflu:tist]

[K.K.:ˈflutɪst]

n.

横笛吹奏者,笛手

flutist

flutist flutists
A flutist is someone who plays the flute. (AM; in BRIT use flautist )
N-COUNT

flutter

[D.J.:ˈflʌtə]

[K.K.:ˈflʌtɚ]

vi.

飘动

(心)快速跳动

vt. & vi.

振翼, 拍翅膀

n.

紧张, 激动不安

fluttering

振抖

flutter *

1. flutter flutters fluttering fluttered
If something thin or light flutters , or if you flutter it, it moves up and down or from side to side with a lot of quick, light movements.

- Her chiffon skirt was fluttering in the night breeze.

- ...a butterfly fluttering its wings.

- ...the fluttering white lace handkerchief.

V-ERG

2. flutter flutters
Also a noun.

- ...a flutter of white cloth.

N-COUNT

3. flutter flutters fluttering fluttered
If something light such as a small bird or a piece of paper flutters somewhere, it moves through the air with small quick movements.

- The paper fluttered to the floor.

- The birds were active, whirring and fluttering among the trees.

VB

4. flutter flutters
If you have a flutter , you have a small bet on something such as a horse race. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I had a flutter on five horses.

N-COUNT: oft N on n
= bet

5. flutter flutters fluttering fluttered
If you say that someone flutters somewhere, you mean that they walk there with quick, light movements, often in a silly way or in a way which suggests that they are nervous.

- She'd been fluttering about in the kitchen.

VB

6. flutter flutters fluttering fluttered
If your heart or stomach flutters , you experience a strong feeling of excitement or anxiety.

- The look in his eyes made my heart flutter.

VB

flutter

verb

1.

beat

flap

palpitate

quiver

ripple

tremble

vibrate

waver

noun

2.

vibration

palpitation

quiver

shiver

shudder

tremble

tremor

twitching

3.

agitation

commotion

confusion

dither chiefly Brit.

excitement

fluster

state informal

flux

[D.J.:flʌks]

[K.K.:flʌks]

n.

连续的改变;不稳定的状态

flux *

1. flux
If something is in a state of flux , it is constantly changing.

- Education remains in a state of flux which will take some time to settle down.

- ...a period of economic flux.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N
= instability

2. flux fluxes
You can refer to a flowing mass as a flux . (TECHNICAL)

- ...the flux of cosmic rays.

N-VAR: oft N of n

fly at *****

fly at flies at; flying at; flew at; flown at
If you fly at someone, you attack them, either physically by hitting them, or with words by insulting them.

- She flew at him for making a very anti-British remark.

PHR-V
= let fly

fly into *****

fly into flies into; flying into; flew into; flown into
If you fly into a bad temper or a panic, you suddenly become very angry or anxious and show this in your behaviour.

- Losing a game would cause him to fly into a rage.

PHR-V

flyaway

[D.J.:ˈflaiəwei]

[K.K.:ˈflaɪəˌwe]

adj.

轻浮的,(衣服)不合身的,翅状的

n.

轻浮的人,宽大不合身的衣服,海市蜃楼

flyaway

flyaway
Flyaway hair is very soft and fine. (WRITTEN)

- ...her flyaway blond hair.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

flyby

[D.J.:ˈflaibai]

[K.K.:ˈflaɪˌbaɪ]

n.

飞机或太空飞船的越过定点,飞越

flyby

flyby flybys
A flyby is a flight made by an aircraft or a spacecraft over a particular place in order to record details about it.
N-COUNT also fly-by .

fly-by-night

[D.J.:ˈflaɪbaɪˌnaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈflaɪbaɪˌnaɪt]

不可信任的

fly-by-night

fly-by-night
A fly-by-night businessman is someone who wants to make money very quickly, without caring about the quality or honesty of the service they offer. (INFORMAL)

- ...fly-by-night operators who do shoddy work, overcharge or fail to complete jobs.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval
= cowboy

fly-drive

空陆联游

fly-drive

fly-drive
On a fly-drive holiday, you travel part of the way to your destination by aeroplane, and collect a hired car at the airport so that you can drive the rest of the way.

- ...a fly-drive break in New Zealand.

ADJ: ADJ n

flyer

[D.J.:ˈflaiə]

[K.K.:ˈflaɪɚ]

n.

飞鸟,飞行物,飞行员,飞跳,(广告)传单,〈美俚〉孤注一掷

flyer *

1. flyer flyers
A flyer is a pilot of an aircraft.
N-COUNT also flier .

2. flyer flyers
You can refer to someone who travels by aeroplane as a flyer .

- ...regular business flyers.

- ...nervous fliers.

N-COUNT: usu supp N also flier .

3. flyer flyers
A flyer is a small printed notice which is used to advertise a particular company, service, or event.
N-COUNT also flier .
= handbill

fly-fishing

n.

用假蝇钓鱼

fly-fishing

fly-fishing
Fly-fishing is a method of fishing in which a silk or nylon model of a small winged insect is used as bait.
N-UNCOUNT also fly fishing .

flying doctor

flying doctor flying doctors
A flying doctor is a doctor, especially in Australia, who travels by aircraft to visit patients who live in distant or isolated areas.
N-COUNT

flying fish

flying fish flying fishes
Flying fish are a type of fish that live in warm seas. They have large fins that enable them to move forward in the air when they jump out of the water.
N-VAR flying fish can also be used as the plural form

flying saucer

flying saucer flying saucers
A flying saucer is a round, flat object which some people say they have seen in the sky and which they believe to be a spacecraft from another planet. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

Flying Squad

Flying Squad
The Flying Squad is a group of police officers who are always ready to travel quickly to the scene of a serious crime. (BRIT)

- ...weapons seized by the Flying Squad last year.

N-PROPER-COLL: the N

flying visit

flying visit flying visits
A flying visit is a visit that only lasts a very short time.
N-COUNT

flyleaf

[D.J.:ˈflaɪˌli:f]

[K.K.:ˈflaɪˌlif]

n.

衬页,章节后的空白

flyleaf

flyleaf flyleaves
The flyleaf of a book is a page at the front that has nothing printed on it, or just the title and the author's name.
N-COUNT

fly-on-the-wall

fly-on-the-wall
A fly-on-the-wall documentary is made by filming people as they do the things they normally do, rather than by interviewing them or asking them to talk directly to the camera.

- ...a fly-on-the-wall documentary about the Queen's life.

ADJ: ADJ n
a fly on the wall : see fly .

flyover

[D.J.:ˈflaiˌəuvə]

n.

立交桥, 高架公路

flyover

1. flyover flyovers
A flyover is a structure which carries one road over the top of another road. (BRIT; in AM use overpass )
N-COUNT

2. flyover flyovers
A flyover is the same as a flypast . (AM)
N-COUNT

flypast

[ˈflaipɑ:st]

n.

空中分列,致礼飞行

flypast

flypast flypasts
A flypast is a flight by a group of aircraft in a special formation which takes place on a ceremonial occasion or as a display. (BRIT; in AM use flyover )
N-COUNT also fly-past .

flyweight

[D.J.:ˈflaiweit]

[K.K.:ˈflaɪˌwet]

n.

次最轻量级的拳击选手

flyweight

flyweight flyweights
A flyweight is a boxer who weighs 112 pounds or less.
N-COUNT

flywheel

[D.J.:ˈflaiwi:l]

[K.K.:ˈflaɪˌhwil, -ˌwil]

n.

调速轮

flywheel

flywheel flywheels
A flywheel is a heavy wheel that is part of some engines. It regulates the engine's rotation, making it operate at a steady speed.
N-COUNT

FM

abbr.

(=frequency modulation) 调频,频率调制

FM **

FM
FM is a method of transmitting radio waves that can be used to broadcast high quality sound. FM is an abbreviation for `frequency modulation'.

foal

[D.J.:fəʊl]

[K.K.:fol]

n.

驹子(如驴驹)

foal *

1. foal foals
A foal is a very young horse.
N-COUNT

2. foal foals foaling foaled
When a female horse foals , it gives birth.

- The mare is due to foal today.

VB

foam

[D.J.:fəum]

[K.K.:fom]

vi.

起泡沫; 吐白沫

n.

泡沫; 泡沫材料

foaming

[ˈfəumiŋ]

adj.

布满泡沫的

foam *

1. foam
Foam consists of a mass of small bubbles that are formed when air and a liquid are mixed together.

- The water curved round the rocks in great bursts of foam.

N-UNCOUNT
= froth

2. foam foams
Foam is used to refer to various kinds of manufactured products which have a soft, light texture like a thick liquid.

- ...shaving foam.

N-MASS
= cream

3. foam foams
Foam or foam rubber is soft rubber full of small holes which is used, for example, to make mattresses and cushions.

- ...modern three-piece suites filled with foam rubber...

- We had given him a large foam mattress to sleep on.

N-MASS

4. foam foams foaming foamed
If a liquid foams , it is full of small bubbles and keeps moving slightly.

- I let the water run into it and we watched as it foamed and bubbled.

- ...ravines with foaming rivers rushing through them.

VB
= froth

5. foam
If you say that someone is foaming at the mouth , you mean that they are very angry.

- Stewart was foaming at the mouth about an incident the previous afternoon.

PHR: V inflects

foam

noun

1.

froth

bubbles

head

lather

spray

spume

suds

verb

2.

bubble

boil

effervesce

fizz

froth

lather

foamy

[D.J.:ˈfəumi]

[K.K.:ˈfomi]

adj.

全是泡沫的,泡沫的,起泡沫的

foamy

foamy
A foamy liquid has a mass of small bubbles on its surface or consists of a mass of bubbles.

- The ocean raged, slamming its foamy waves against the black, jagged rocks.

- Whisk the egg whites until they are foamy but not stiff.

ADJ-GRADED
= frothy

fob

[D.J.:fɔb]

[K.K.:fɑb]

vt.

fob sb off (with sth)

(用不实之词)搪塞，欺骗

( 把劣质的或不想要的商品) 骗售给

fob off onto

用欺骗手段卖掉(冒牌货等),蒙骗

fob off with

欺骗(某人)接受(不值钱的东西等)

n.

怀表短链;怀表带

钥匙圈上的小饰物

fob

fob fobs
In former times, a fob was a short chain or piece of cloth which fastened a man's watch to his clothing.
N-COUNT

fob off

fob off fobs off; fobbing off; fobbed off
If someone fobs you off , they tell you something just to stop you asking questions.

- I've asked her about it but she fobs me off.

- Don't be fobbed off with excuses.

PHR-V disapproval

focal

[D.J.:ˈfəʊkəl]

[K.K.:ˈfokəl]

adj.

中心的;很重要的;焦点的;有焦点的

focal distance

焦距

focal *

1. focal
Focal is used to describe something that relates to the point where a number of rays or lines meet.

- ...the focal plane of the telescope.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. focal
Focal is used to describe something that is very important.

- Now Shanghai is a great metropolis and one of the focal centres of the Far East.

ADJ: ADJ n

focal point *

focal point focal points
The focal point of something is the thing that people concentrate on or pay most attention to.

- ...the focal point for the town's many visitors -- the Royal Shakespeare Theatre.

N-COUNT

foci

[D.J.:ˈfəusai]

[K.K.:ˈfoˌsaɪ, -ˌkaɪ]

n.

焦距,配光

focus

[D.J.:ˈfəukəs]

[K.K.:ˈfokəs]

vt. & vi.

(使)集中, (使)聚集

调整(镜头, 眼睛)焦点[焦距]以便看清

n.

焦点, 焦距; 中心

focused

[ˈfəukəst]

adj.

聚焦的

focusing

[ˈfəukəsiŋ]

v.

调焦

focus ****

1. focus focuses focusing focused
If you focus on a particular topic or if your attention is focused on it, you concentrate on it and think about it, discuss it, or deal with it, rather than dealing with other topics.

- The research effort has focused on tracing the effects of growing levels of five compounds.

- He is currently focusing on assessment and development.

- Today he was able to focus his message exclusively on the economy.

- Many of the papers focus their attention on the controversy surrounding statements reportedly made by the Foreign Secretary.

V-ERG The spellings focusses , focussing , focussed are also used. The plural of the noun can be either foci or focuses
= concentrate

2. focus foci focuses
The focus of something is the main topic or main thing that it is concerned with.

- The UN's role in promoting peace is increasingly the focus of international attention.

- The new system is the focus of controversy.

- Her children are the main focus of her life.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp The spellings focusses , focussing , focussed are also used. The plural of the noun can be either foci or focuses

3. focus foci focuses
Your focus on something is the special attention that you pay it.

- He said his sudden focus on foreign policy was not motivated by presidential politics.

- The report's focus is on how technology affects human life rather than business.

- IBM has also shifted its focus from mainframes to personal computers.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp, oft N on n The spellings focusses , focussing , focussed are also used. The plural of the noun can be either foci or focuses

4. focus
If you say that something has a focus , you mean that you can see a purpose in it.

- Somehow, though, their latest LP has a focus that the others have lacked.

- Suddenly all of the bizarre and seemingly isolated examples took on a meaningful focus.

N-UNCOUNT The spellings focusses , focussing , focussed are also used. The plural of the noun can be either foci or focuses

5. focus focuses focusing focused
If you focus your eyes or if your eyes focus , your eyes adjust so that you can clearly see the thing that you want to look at. If you focus a camera, telescope, or other instrument, you adjust it so that you can see clearly through it.

- Kelly couldn't focus his eyes well enough to tell if the figure was male or female.

- His eyes slowly began to focus on what looked like a small dark ball.

- He found the binoculars and focused them on the boat.

- Had she kept the camera focused on the river bank she might have captured a vital scene.

V-ERG The spellings focusses , focussing , focussed are also used. The plural of the noun can be either foci or focuses

6. focus
You use focus to refer to the fact of adjusting your eyes or a camera, telescope, or other instrument, and to the degree to which you can see clearly.

- His focus switched to the little white ball.

- Together these factors determine the depth of focus.

- It has no manual focus facility.

N-UNCOUNT The spellings focusses , focussing , focussed are also used. The plural of the noun can be either foci or focuses

7. focus focuses focusing focused
If you focus rays of light on a particular point, you pass them through a lens or reflect them from a mirror so that they meet at that point.

- Magnetic coils focus the electron beams into fine spots.

VB The spellings focusses , focussing , focussed are also used. The plural of the noun can be either foci or focuses

8. focus foci focuses
The focus of a number of rays or lines is the point at which they meet. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT The spellings focusses , focussing , focussed are also used. The plural of the noun can be either foci or focuses

9. focus
If an image or a camera, telescope, or other instrument is in focus , the edges of what you see are clear and sharp.

- Pictures should be in focus, with realistic colours and well composed groups.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v The spellings focusses , focussing , focussed are also used. The plural of the noun can be either foci or focuses
≠ out of focus

10. focus
If something is in focus , it is being discussed or its purpose and nature are clear.

- This aggression is the real issue the world should be concerned about. We want to keep that in focus.

- These issues were brought into sharp focus by the Gulf crisis.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v The spellings focusses , focussing , focussed are also used. The plural of the noun can be either foci or focuses
≠ out of focus

11. focus
If an image or a camera, telescope, or other instrument is out of focus , the edges of what you see are unclear.

- In some of the pictures the subjects are out of focus while the background is sharp.

- ...a lot of out-of-focus photographs.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v The spellings focusses , focussing , focussed are also used. The plural of the noun can be either foci or focuses
≠ in focus

12. focus
If something is out of focus , it is not being discussed or its purpose or nature is not clear.

- The deficit in the US balance of payments put these considerations out of focus.

- The movement towards democracy in Latin America and the foreign debt problems that have plagued it have gone out of focus.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v The spellings focusses , focussing , focussed are also used. The plural of the noun can be either foci or focuses
≠ in focus

focused

focused
If you describe someone or something as focused , you approve of the fact that they have a clear and definite purpose.

- I spent the next year just wandering. I wasn't focused.

- The band's third album seems more disciplined and focussed.

- The voting is now more focused.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ also focussed . approval
= purposeful

focus

noun

1.

centre

focal point

heart

hub

target

verb

2.

concentrate

aim

centre

direct

fix

pinpoint

spotlight

zoom in

focus group

focus group focus groups
A focus group is a specially selected group of people who are intended to represent the general public. Focus groups have discussions in which their opinions are recorded as a form of market research.
N-COUNT

fodder

[D.J.:ˈfɔdə]

[K.K.:ˈfɑdɚ]

n.

草料, 饲料

cannon fodder

炮灰

cut one’s own fodder

<美>管自己的事;自己谋生

fodder *

1. fodder
Fodder is food that is given to cows, horses, and other animals.

- ...fodder for horses...

- The alfalfa plant is widely used as animal fodder.

N-UNCOUNT
= feed

2. fodder
If you say that something is fodder for a particular purpose, you mean that it is useful for that purpose and perhaps nothing else.

- The press conference simply provided more fodder for another attack on his character.

- Old movies were the cheapest broadcast fodder.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp disapproval

foe

[D.J.:fəu]

[K.K.:fo]

n.

敌人, 仇敌

foe *

foe foes
Someone's foe is their enemy. (WRITTEN)
N-COUNT

foe

noun

enemy

adversary

antagonist

opponent

rival

foetal

[D.J.:ˈfi:tl]

[K.K.:ˈfitl]

adj.

似胎儿的,胎儿的

foetus

[D.J.:ˈfi:təs]

[K.K.:ˈfitəs]

n.

胎,胎儿

foetal

adj.

foetal

foetal
Foetal is used to describe something that relates to or is like a foetus.

- ...an early stage of foetal development...

- His legs were curled beneath him in a foetal position.

ADJ: ADJ n also fetal .

foetus *

foetus foetuses
A foetus is an animal or human being in its later stages of development before it is born.

- Pregnant women who are heavy drinkers risk damaging the unborn foetus.

N-COUNT also fetus .

fog

[D.J.:fɔɡ]

[K.K.:fɔɡ, fɑɡ]

n.

雾

vt.

雾气笼罩

使迷惑

vt. & vi.

模糊不清

fogged

[fɔɡd]

adj.

有灰雾的,不清晰的

fogging

[ˈfɔɡiŋ]

n.

雾;淞层;淞层形成;蒙上水汽

fog **

1. fog fogs
When there is fog , there are tiny drops of water in the air which form a thick cloud and make it difficult to see things.

- The crash happened in thick fog.

- These ocean fogs can last for days.

N-VAR

2. fog
A fog is an unpleasant cloud of something such as smoke inside a building or room.

- ...a fog of stale cigarette smoke.

N-SING: usu N of n

3. fog
You can use fog to refer to a situation which stops people from being able to notice things, understand things, or think clearly.

- The most basic facts about him are lost in a fog of mythology and folklore.

- Synchronizing these attacks may also be difficult in the fog of war.

- His mind was in a fog when he finally got up.

N-SING: oft in N, N of n

4. fog fogs fogging fogged
If a window, mirror, or other glass surface fogs or is fogged , it becomes covered with very small drops of water so that you cannot see things clearly through it or in it.

- The windows fogged immediately.

- Water had fogged his diving mask and he couldn't remember how to clear it.

- The car windows were fogged with vapor.

V-ERG

5. fog up; fogs up; foggingup; fogged up
Fog up means the same as fog .

- The car windows fogged up.

- It'd fog up their telescopes.

- His hair was all wet and his glasses were fogged up.

PHR-V-ERG

fog

noun

mist

gloom

miasma

murk

peasouper informal

smog

fog bank

fog bank fog banks
A fog bank is an area of thick fog, especially at sea.
N-COUNT

fogbound

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:gˌbaʊnd, ˈfɔg-]

[K.K.:ˈfɔɡˌbaʊnd, ˈfɑɡ-]

adj.

被雾笼罩的

因浓雾受阻的

fogbound

fogbound
If you are fogbound in a place or if the place is fogbound , thick fog makes it dangerous or impossible to go anywhere.

- He was fog-bound at London airport.

- ...a fogbound motorway.

ADJ also fog-bound .

fogey

[D.J.:ˈfəuɡi]

[K.K.:ˈfoɡi]

n.

(思想)守旧者,抱残守缺的人

fogey

fogey fogies or fogeys
If you describe someone as a fogey or an old fogey , you mean that they are boring and old-fashioned. (INFORMAL)

- I don't want to sound like I'm some old fogy.

N-COUNT (AM) usually and (BRIT) sometimes fogy . disapproval

foggy

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:gi:, ˈfɔgi:]

[K.K.:ˈfɔɡi, ˈfɑɡi]

adj.

有雾的;雾气朦胧的

模糊的;混乱的

foggy *

1. foggy foggier foggiest
When it is foggy , there is fog.

- It's quite foggy now.

- Conditions were damp and foggy after morning sleet.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ

2. foggy
If you say that you haven't the foggiest or you haven't the foggiest idea , you are emphasizing that you do not know something. (INFORMAL)

- I did not have the foggiest idea what he meant.

- `How often does it need to be changed?' --- `Haven't the foggiest.'

PHR: V inflects emphasis

foggy

adjective

misty

cloudy

dim

hazy

indistinct

murky

smoggy

vaporous

foghorn

[D.J.:ˈfɔɡˌhɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈfɔɡˌhɔrn, ˈfɑɡ-]

n.

(大雾时发出响亮而低沉的声音以警告其他船只的)雾角, 雾喇叭

foghorn

foghorn foghorns
A foghorn is a piece of equipment that makes a loud noise and is used to warn ships about the position of land and other ships in fog.
N-COUNT also fog horn .

foible

[D.J.:ˈfɔɪbəl]

[K.K.:ˈfɔɪbəl]

n.

小缺点,小癖好

foible

foible foibles
A foible is a habit or characteristic that someone has which is considered rather strange, foolish, or bad but which is also considered unimportant.

- ...human foibles and weaknesses.

N-COUNT
= quirk

foie gras

foie gras
Foie gras is a food made from the livers of geese that were specially fed so that their livers became very large.
N-UNCOUNT

foil

[D.J.:fɔil]

[K.K.:fɔɪl]

n.

箔, 金属薄片

陪衬, 衬托

vt.

挫败; 使受挫折

foiled

[fɔild]

adj.

有叶形装饰的

foiling

[ˈfɔiliθ]

n.

叶形饰

foil **

1. foil
Foil consists of sheets of metal as thin as paper. It is used to wrap food in.

- Pour cider around the meat and cover with foil.

- ...aluminium foil.

N-UNCOUNT

2. foil foils foiling foiled
If you foil someone's plan or attempt to do something, for example to commit a crime, you succeed in stopping them from doing what they want. (JOURNALISM)

- A brave police chief foiled an armed robbery on a jewellers' by grabbing the raiders' shotgun.

- The idea of building a roof terrace was also foiled by the planning authorities.

VB
= thwart

3. foil foils
If you refer to one thing or person as a foil for another, you approve of the fact that they contrast with each other and go well together, often in a way that makes the second thing or person seem better or less harmful.

- He thought of her serenity as a foil for his intemperance.

- A cold beer is the perfect foil for a curry.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N for n approval
= complement

4. foil foils
A foil is a thin light sword used in fencing, which has a button on its tip to prevent injury.
N-COUNT

foil

verb

thwart

balk

counter

defeat

disappoint

frustrate

nullify

stop

foil

noun

contrast

antithesis

complement

foist on

foist on foists on; foisting on; foisted on
If you say that someone foists something on you, or foists it upon you, you dislike the way that they force you to listen to it or experience it.

- I don't see my role as foisting my beliefs on them.

- What this amounts to is foisting onto women the responsibility for reducing `the opportunities for crime' by changing their behaviour.

PHR-V disapproval

fold

[D.J.:fəuld]

[K.K.:fold]

vt. & vi.

折叠; 对折交叠

vt.

包围, 包起; 笼罩

folded

[D.J.:ˈfəʊldɪd]

adj.

折叠的

folding

[D.J.:ˈfəʊldɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfoldɪŋ]

adj.

可折叠的

fold ***

1. fold folds folding folded
If you fold something such as a piece of paper or cloth, you bend it so that one part covers another part, often pressing the edge so that it stays in place.

- He folded the paper carefully.

- Fold the omelette in half.

- Fold the blanket back.

- ...a folded towel.

VB

2. fold folds
A fold in a piece of paper or cloth is a bend that you make in it when you put one part of it over another part and press the edge.

- Make another fold and turn the ends together.

N-COUNT
= crease

3. fold folds
The folds in a piece of cloth are the curved shapes which are formed when it is not hanging or lying flat.

- The priest fumbled in the folds of his gown.

N-COUNT: usu pl

4. fold folds folding folded
If a piece of furniture or equipment folds or if you can fold it, you can make it smaller by bending or closing parts of it.

- The back of the bench folds forward to make a table.

- This portable seat folds flat for easy storage.

- Check if you can fold the buggy without having to remove the raincover.

- ...a folding beach chair.

V-ERG

5. fold up folds up; folding up; folded up
Fold up means the same as fold .

- When not in use it folds up out of the way.

- Fold the ironing board up so that it is flat.

PHR-V-ERG

6. fold folds folding folded
If you fold your arms or hands, you bring them together and cross or link them, for example over your chest.

- Meer folded his arms over his chest and turned his head away.

- Mrs Ringrose sat down and folded her hands in her lap.

VB

7. fold folds folding folded
If a business or organization folds , it is unsuccessful and has to close. (mainly BRIT)

- But as other shops fold, the march of the superstores continues.

- 2,500 small businesses were folding each week.

VB

8. fold
When someone joins an organization or group, you can say that they have come into the fold . When they leave the organization or group, you can say that they leave the fold .

- The EC brought Spain, Greece and Portugal into the fold.

- He might find it difficult to return to the family fold even when he realizes his mistake.

N-SING: the /poss N, usu the supp N

fold up ***

fold up folds up; folding up; folded up
If you fold something up , you make it into a smaller, neater shape by folding it, usually several times.

- She folded it up, and tucked it into her purse.

- He folded up his paper and put it away.

PHR-V
See also fold 4, fold-up .

fold

verb

1.

bend

crease

double over

2.

go bankrupt

collapse

crash

fail

go bust informal

go to the wall

go under

shut down

noun

3.

crease

bend

furrow

overlap

pleat

wrinkle

fold in, fold into ***

fold in folds in; folding in; folded in
In cooking, if you fold in an ingredient or fold it into the other ingredients, you mix it very gently into the other ingredients.

- Fold in the flour.

- Fold the cream into the egg yolk mixture.

PHR-V

-fold

1. -fold
-fold combines with numbers to form adverbs which say how much an amount has increased by. For example, if an amount increases fourfold, it is four times greater than it was originally.

- By the late eighties their number had grown fourfold.

- Pretax profit surged almost twelvefold.

SUFFIX

2. -fold
-fold also combines with numbers to form adjectives.

- One survey revealed a threefold increase in breast cancer.

ADJ: ADJ n

folder

[D.J.:ˈfəʊldə]

[K.K.:ˈfoldɚ]

n.

文件夹,纸夹

folder *

1. folder folders
A folder is a thin piece of cardboard in which you can keep loose papers.
N-COUNT

2. folder folders
A folder is a group of files that are stored together on a computer.
N-COUNT

folder

noun Informal

file

binder

envelope

portfolio

fold-up

fold-up
A fold-up piece of furniture or equipment is one that is specially designed so that it can be folded into a smaller shape in order to be stored.

- ...a fold-up bed.

ADJ: ADJ n

foliage

[D.J.:ˈfəuliidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈfoliɪdʒ, ˈfolɪdʒ]

n.

植物的叶子(总称); 叶子及梗和枝

foliage *

foliage
The leaves of a plant are referred to as its foliage .

- ...shrubs with grey or silver foliage.

N-UNCOUNT

folic acid

folic acid
Folic acid is one of the B group of vitamins. It is found in green vegetables and fruit.
N-UNCOUNT

folio

[D.J.:ˈfəuliəu]

[K.K.:ˈfoliˌo]

n.

对开的纸,(原稿的)一页,页码或张数

adj.

对折的,对开的

vt.

编页码

folio

folio folios
A folio is a book made with paper of a large size, used especially in the early centuries of European printing.

- Richard told me of three 16th-century folio volumes on alchemy.

N-COUNT

folk

[D.J.:fəuk]

[K.K.:fok]

n.

人们

大伙儿, 各位

亲属, 父母

adj.

民间的, 普通平民的

folk ***

1. folk folks
You can refer to people as folk or folks .

- Country folk can tell you that there are certain places which animals avoid.

- These are the folks from the local TV station.

- ...old folks.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp folk can also be used as the plural form
= people

2. folk folks
You can refer to your close family, especially your mother and father, as your folks . (INFORMAL)

- I've been avoiding my folks lately.

N-PLURAL: usu poss N

3. folk folks
You can use folks as a term of address when you are talking to several people. (INFORMAL)

- `It's a question of money, folks,' I announced.

- This is it, folks: the best record guide in the business.

N-VOC

4. folk
Folk art and customs are traditional or typical of a particular community or nation.

- ...South American folk art.

- ...traditional Chinese folk medicine.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. folk
Folk music is music which is traditional or typical of a particular community or nation.

- ...Irish folk music.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. folk
Also a noun.

- ...a variety of music including classical, jazz, and folk.

N-UNCOUNT

7. folk
Folk can be used to describe something that relates to the beliefs and opinions of ordinary people.

- Jack was a folk hero in the Greenwich Village bars.

- Folk psychology comes closer to the obvious truth than the most sophisticated theories.

ADJ: ADJ n
= popular

folk

noun

people

clan

family

kin

kindred

race

tribe

folklore

[D.J.:ˈfəʊkˌlɔ:, -ˌləʊr]

[K.K.:ˈfokˌlɔr, -ˌlor]

n.

民间传统;民间故事;民俗

folklore *

folklore
Folklore is the traditional stories, customs, and habits of a particular community or nation.

- In Chinese folklore the bat is an emblem of good fortune.

N-UNCOUNT

folk song

folk song folk songs
A folk song is a traditional song that is typical of a particular community or nation.
N-COUNT also folksong .

folksy

[D.J.:ˈfəuksi]

[K.K.:ˈfoksi]

adj.

和气的,有民间风味的,友好的,无拘束的

folksy

1. folksy
If you describe something as folksy , you mean that it is simple and has a style characteristic of folk craft and tradition. You sometimes use folksy to show disapproval of something because it seems unsophisticated.

- ...folksy country furniture.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. folksy
If you describe someone as folksy , you mean that they are friendly and informal in their behaviour. (AM)

- ...an elderly, folksy postman.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval
= affable

follicle

[D.J.:ˈfɔlɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈfɑlɪkəl]

n.

小囊,(头发的)毛囊

follicular

adj.

follicular

[D.J.:fəˈlikjulə]

[K.K.:fəˈlɪkjəlɚ]

adj.

小囊的,卵泡的,滤泡的

follicle *

follicle follicles
A follicle is one of the small hollows in the skin which hairs grow from.
N-COUNT

follow

[D.J.:ˈfɔləu]

[K.K.:ˈfɑlo]

vt. & vi.

跟随; 接着

vt.

注视, 密切注意

从事, 经营

遵照, 接受, 听从

following

[D.J.:ˈfɔləuiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfɑloɪŋ]

adj.

其次的, 接着的

下述的

n.

一群追随者[拥护者]

follow *****

1. follow follows following followed
If you follow someone who is going somewhere, you move along behind them because you want to go to the same place.

- We followed him up the steps into a large hall.

- Please follow me, madam.

- They took him into a small room and I followed.

VB

2. follow follows following followed
If you follow someone who is going somewhere, you move along behind them without their knowledge, in order to catch them or find out where they are going.

- She realized that the Mercedes was following her.

- I think we're being followed.

VB
= trail

3. follow follows following followed
If you follow someone to a place where they have recently gone and where they are now, you go to join them there.

- He followed Janice to New York, where she was preparing an exhibition.

VB

4. follow follows following followed
An event, activity, or period of time that follows a particular thing happens or comes after that thing, at a later time.

- ...the rioting and looting that followed the verdict...

- I remember nothing else about the days following Daddy's death.

- He was arrested in the confusion which followed.

- Other problems may follow.

- Eyewitnesses spoke of a noise followed by a huge red light.

VB
= come after

5. follow follows following followed
If you follow one thing with another, you do or say the second thing after you have done or said the first thing.

- Her first major role was in Martin Scorsese's `Goodfellas' and she followed this with a part in Spike Lee's `Jungle Fever'.

VB

6. follow up follows up; following up; followed up
Follow up means the same as follow .

- The book proved such a success that the authors followed it up with `The Messianic Legacy'.

PHR-V

7. follow follows following followed
If it follows that a particular thing is the case, that thing is a logical result of something else being true or being the case.

- Just because a bird does not breed one year, it does not follow that it will fail the next.

- If the explanation is right, two things follow.

- It is easy to see the conclusions described in the text follow from this equation.

VB

8. follow follows following followed
If you refer to the words that follow or followed , you are referring to the words that come next or came next in a piece of writing or speech.

- What follows is an eye-witness account.

- There followed a list of places where Hans intended to visit.

- General analysis is followed by five case studies.

VB

9. follow follows following followed
If you follow a path, route, or set of signs, you go somewhere using the path, route, or signs to direct you.

- If they followed the road, they would be certain to reach a village.

- All we had to do was follow the map.

- I followed the signs to Metrocity.

VB

10. follow follows following followed
If something such as a path or river follows a particular route or line, it goes along that route or line.

- Our route follows the Pacific coast through densely populated neighbourhoods.

- The Lot river follows a winding and tortuous course.

VB

11. follow follows following followed
If you follow something with your eyes, or if your eyes follow it, you watch it as it moves or you look along its route or course.

- Ann's eyes followed a police car as it drove slowly past.

VB

12. follow follows following followed
Something that follows a particular course of development happens or develops in that way.

- His release turned out to follow the pattern set by that of the other six hostages.

VB

13. follow follows following followed
If you follow advice, an instruction, or a recipe, you act or do something in the way that it indicates.

- Take care to follow the instructions carefully.

- No two chefs follow the same recipe.

VB

14. follow follows following followed
If you follow what someone else has done, you do it too because you think it is a good thing or because you want to copy them.

- His admiration for the athlete did not extend to the point where he would follow his example in taking drugs.

- Where eastern Germany goes the rest will surely follow.

VB

15. follow follows following followed
If you follow someone in what you do, you do the same thing or job as they did previously.

- He followed his father and became a surgeon.

- Anni-Frid's son has followed her into the music business.

VB

16. follow follows following followed
If you are able to follow something such as an explanation or the story of a film, you understand it as it continues and develops.

- Can you follow the plot so far?.

- I'm afraid I don't follow.

VB
= understand

17. follow follows following followed
If you follow something, you take an interest in it and keep informed about what happens.

- ...the millions of people who follow football because they genuinely love it...

- She was following Laura's progress closely.

VB
= keep up with

18. follow follows following followed
A story, film, or television programme that follows someone or something is about their experiences over a particular period of time.

- The film follows the fortunes of two women.

VB

19. follow follows following followed
If you follow a score or written copy of a play, you read it while you listen to it being performed.

- ...an annotated version of Mozart's opera that allows the listener to follow the score.

VB

20. follow follows following followed
If you follow a particular religion or political belief, you have that religion or belief.

- `Do you follow any particular religion?' --- `Yes, we're all Hindus.'

VB

21. follow
You use as follows in writing or speech to introduce something such as a list, description, or explanation.

- The winners are as follows: E. Walker; R. Foster; R. Gates; A. Mackintosh.

- This can be done if you proceed as follows.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

22. follow
You use followed by to say what comes after something else in a list or ordered set of things.

- Potatoes are still the most popular food, followed by white bread.

PHR: PHR n

23. follow
After mentioning one course of a meal, you can mention the next course by saying what you will have to follow or what there will be to follow .

- He decided on roast chicken and vegetables, with apple pie to follow.

PHR: n PHR

follow up *****

follow up follows up; following up; followed up
If you follow up something that has been said, suggested, or discovered, you try to find out more about it or take action about it.

- State security police are following up several leads.

- An officer took a statement from me, but no one's bothered to follow it up.

PHR-V
= investigate

See also follow 5, follow-up .

following ****

1. following
Following a particular event means after that event.

- In the centuries following Christ's death, Christians genuinely believed the world was about to end.

- Following a day of medical research, the conference focused on educational practices.

PREP

2. following
The following day, week, or year is the day, week, or year after the one you have just mentioned.

- The following day the picture appeared on the front pages of every newspaper in the world.

- We went to dinner the following Monday evening.

- The following year she joined the Royal Opera House.

ADJ: det ADJ
≠ previous

3. following
You use following to refer to something that you are about to mention.

- Write down the following information: name of product, type, date purchased and price.

- The method of helping such patients is explained in the following chapters.

ADJ: det ADJ

4. following
The following refers to the thing or things that you are about to mention.

- The following is a paraphrase of what was said.

- Do you use any of the following? Pager, Answering machine, Mobile phone, Car phone.

PRON: the PRON

5. following followings
A person or organization that has a following has a group of people who support or admire their beliefs or actions.

- Australian rugby league enjoys a huge following in New Zealand.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu adj N

6. following
If a boat or vehicle has a following wind, the wind is moving in the same direction as the boat or vehicle.

- The following wind and eastward running tide had given us a very pleasant, lazy sail.

ADJ: ADJ n
= headwind

follow

verb

1.

come after

come next

succeed

supersede

supplant

take the place of

2.

pursue

chase

dog

hound

hunt

shadow

stalk

track

trail

3.

accompany

attend

escort

tag along

4.

obey

be guided by

conform

heed

observe

5.

understand

appreciate

catch on informal

comprehend

fathom

grasp

realize

take in

6.

result

arise

develop

ensue

flow

issue

proceed

spring

7.

be interested in

cultivate

keep abreast of

support

following

adjective

1.

next

consequent

ensuing

later

subsequent

succeeding

successive

noun

2.

supporters

clientele

coterie

entourage

fans

retinue

suite

train

follow through *****

follow through follows through; following through; followed through
If you follow through an action, plan, or idea or follow through with it, you continue doing or thinking about it until you have done everything possible.

- The leadership has been unwilling to follow through the implications of these ideas.

- I was trained to be an actress but I didn't follow it through.

- He decided to follow through with his original plan.

PHR-V
= pursue

follower

[D.J.:ˈfɔləʊə]

[K.K.:ˈfɑloɚ]

n.

追随者;用户

follower **

follower followers
A follower of a particular person, group, or belief is someone who supports or admires this person, group, or belief.

- ...followers of the Zulu Inkatha movement.

- ...the Democratic Party's most loyal followers.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= supporter

See also camp follower .

follower

noun

supporter

adherent

apostle

devotee

disciple

fan

pupil

follow-on

[D.J.:ˈfɔləʊˌɔn, -ˌɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈfɑloˌɑn, -ˌɔn]

n.

(板球)继续击球

follow-on *

follow-on
A follow-on is something that is done to continue or add to something done previously.

- This course for bridge players with some experience is intended as a follow-on to the Beginners' course.

N-SING: also no det, usu N to n

follow-through

[D.J.:ˈfɔləʊˌθru:]

[K.K.:ˈfɑloˌθru]

n.

打球后手腕伸直的情形,完结

follow-through *

1. follow-through
A follow-through is something that completes an action or a planned series of actions.

- ...the task of finding a durable solution to the refugee problem as a follow-through to the very temporary measures.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft N prep

2. follow-through follow-throughs
A follow-through is a movement that completes an action such as hitting a ball.

- Focus on making a short, firm follow-through.

N-VAR

follow-up

[D.J.:ˈfɔləʊˌʌp]

[K.K.:ˈfɑloˌʌp]

adj.

继续的,作为重复的

follow-up **

follow-up follow-ups
A follow-up is something that is done to continue or add to something done previously.

- They are recording a follow-up to their successful 1989 album.

- One man was arrested during the raid and another during a follow-up operation.

N-VAR: oft N n

follies

[ˈfɔliz]

n.

罪恶,时事讽刺剧

folly

[D.J.:ˈfɔli:]

[K.K.:ˈfɑli]

n.

愚蠢;蠢笨;愚蠢的行为、思想或做法

folly *

1. folly follies
If you say that a particular action or way of behaving is folly or a folly , you mean that it is foolish.

- It's sheer folly to build nuclear power stations in a country that has dozens of earthquakes every year.

- ...a reminder of the follies of war.

N-VAR: oft N of n/-ing, it v-link N to-inf

2. folly follies
A folly is a small tower or other unusual building that is built as a decoration in a large garden or park, especially in Britain in former times.
N-COUNT

folly

noun

foolishness

imprudence

indiscretion

lunacy

madness

nonsense

rashness

stupidity

foment

[D.J.:fəʊˈment]

[K.K.:foˈmɛnt]

vt.

激起,煽动(麻烦等)

foment

foment foments fomenting fomented
If someone or something foments trouble or violent opposition, they cause it to develop. (FORMAL)

- They accused strike leaders of fomenting violence.

VB
= incite

fond

[fɔnd]

adj.

喜欢的, 喜爱的

多情的, 温柔的

溺爱的, 痴情的

盲目轻信的

fondly

[D.J.:ˈfɔndlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfɑndlɪ]

adv.

亲爱地；深情地

天真地；盲目轻信地

fondness

[D.J.:ˈf ɔndnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈf ɑndnɪs]

n.

喜爱;钟爱

溺爱

fond **

1. fond fonder fondest
If you are fond of someone, you feel affection for them.

- I am very fond of Michael.

- She was especially fond of a little girl named Betsy.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of n

2. fondness

- ...a great fondness for children.

N-UNCOUNT

3. fond fonder fondest
You use fond to describe people or their behaviour when they show affection.

- ...a fond father...

- He gave him a fond smile.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

4. fondly

- Liz saw their eyes meet fondly across the table.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

5. fond fonder fondest
If you are fond of something, you like it or you like doing it very much.

- He was fond of marmalade.

- She is fond of collecting rare carpets.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of n/-ing

6. fondness

- I've always had a fondness for jewels.

- ...his fondness for cooking.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N for n/-ing

7. fond fonder fondest
If you have fond memories of someone or something, you remember them with pleasure.

- I have very fond memories of living in our village.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= pleasant

8. fondly

- My dad took us there when I was about four and I remembered it fondly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

9. fond
You use fond to describe hopes, wishes, or beliefs which you think are foolish because they seem unlikely to be fulfilled.

- My fond hope is that we will be ready by Christmastime.

ADJ: ADJ n

10. fondly

- I fondly imagined that surgery meant a few stitches and an overnight stay in hospital.

ADV: ADV with v

fond

adjective

1.

loving

adoring

affectionate

amorous

caring

devoted

doting

indulgent

tender

warm

2.

foolish

deluded

delusive

empty

naive

overoptimistic

vain

fond of

3.

keen on

addicted to

attached to

enamoured of

having a soft spot for

hooked on

into informal

partial to

fondly

adverb

1.

lovingly

affectionately

dearly

indulgently

possessively

tenderly

with affection

2.

foolishly

credulously

naively

stupidly

vainly

fondness

noun

1.

liking

attachment

fancy

love

partiality

penchant

soft spot

taste

weakness

2.

devotion

affection

attachment

kindness

love

tenderness

fondant

[D.J.:ˈfɔndənt]

[K.K.:ˈfɑndənt]

n.

软糖

fondant

fondant
Fondant is a sweet paste made from sugar and water.

- ...a pack of eight fondant cakes.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

fondle

[D.J.:ˈfɔndl]

[K.K.:ˈfɑndl..]

vt.

爱抚,抚弄

fondling

[ˈfɔndliθ]

n.

被溺爱的人,宠爱的动物,爱子

fondle

fondle fondles fondling fondled
If you fondle someone or something, you touch them gently with a stroking movement, usually in a sexual way.

- He tried to kiss her and fondle her.

VB

fondle

verb

caress

cuddle

dandle

pat

pet

stroke

fondue

[D.J.:ˈfɔndu:]

[K.K.:fɑnˈdu, -ˈdju]

n.

溶化奶油,干酪

fondue

fondue fondues
A fondue is a sauce made from melted cheese into which you dip bread, or a pot of hot oil into which you dip pieces of meat or vegetables.

- They stopped at a little cafe and had a fondue.

N-VAR

font

[D.J.:fɔnt]

[K.K.:fɑnt]

n.

字体,字形,洗礼盘,泉,圣水器

font

1. font fonts
In printing, a font is a set of characters of the same style and size.
N-COUNT

2. font fonts
In a church, a font is a bowl which holds the water used for baptisms.
N-COUNT

food

[D.J.:fu:d]

[K.K.:fud]

n.

食物, 粮食

食品, 固体食物

food *****

1. food foods
Food is what people and animals eat.

- Enjoy your food.

- ...supplies of food and water.

- ...emergency food aid.

- ...frozen foods.

N-MASS
See also convenience food , fast food , health food , junk food , wholefood .

2. food
If you are off your food , you do not want to eat, usually because you are ill.

- It's not like you to be off your food.

PHR: v-link PHR

3. food
If you give someone food for thought , you make them think carefully about something.

- Lord Fraser's speech offers much food for thought.

- Developments in your career may give you food for thought.

PHR: usu PHR after v

food

noun

nourishment

cuisine

diet

fare

grub slang

nutrition

rations

refreshment

food chain *

food chain food chains
The food chain is a series of living things which are linked to each other because each thing feeds on the one next to it in the series.

- The whole food chain is affected by the over use of chemicals in agriculture.

N-COUNT: usu sing

foodie

[D.J.:ˈfu:di]

[K.K.:ˈfudi]

n.

美食家

foodie

foodie foodies
Foodies are people who enjoy cooking and eating different kinds of food. (INFORMAL)

- Other neighbourhoods in the city offer foodies a choice of Chinese, Portuguese or Greek food.

N-COUNT also foody .

food mixer

food mixer food mixers
A food mixer is a piece of electrical equipment that is used to mix food such as cake mixture.
N-COUNT also food-mixer .

food poisoning *

food poisoning
If you get food poisoning , you become ill because you have eaten food that has gone bad.

- He had suffered a serious case of food poisoning over the Christmas holidays.

N-UNCOUNT

food processor *

food processor food processors
A food processor is a piece of electrical equipment that is used to mix, chop, or beat food, or to make it into a liquid.
N-COUNT

food stamp *

food stamp food stamps
In the United States, food stamps are official vouchers that are given to people with low incomes to be exchanged for food.
N-COUNT: usu pl

foodstuff

[D.J.:ˈfu:dˌstʌf]

[K.K.:ˈfudˌstʌf]

n.

<术>食物;食品

foodstuff *

foodstuff foodstuffs
Foodstuffs are substances which people eat.

- ...basic foodstuffs such as sugar, cooking oil and cheese.

N-VAR: usu pl

food value

food value food values
The food value of a particular food is a measure of how good it is for you, based on its level of vitamins, minerals, or calories.
N-VAR

fool

[D.J.:fu:l]

[K.K.:ful]

n.

愚人, 傻瓜

vt. & vi.

愚弄, 耍弄

欺骗

vi.

开玩笑

fooling

n.

开玩笑的言行,戏谑

fool ***

1. fool fools
If you call someone a fool , you are indicating that you think they are not at all sensible and show a lack of good judgement.

- `You fool!' she shouted.

- He'd been a fool to get involved with her!

N-COUNT disapproval
= idiot

2. fool
Fool is used to describe an action or person that is not at all sensible and shows a lack of good judgement. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- What a damn fool thing to do!.

- What can that fool guard be thinking of?

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

3. fool fools fooling fooled
If someone fools you, they deceive or trick you.

- Art dealers fool a lot of people.

- Don't be fooled by his appearance.

- They tried to fool you into coming after us.

VB
= trick con

4. fool fools fooling fooled
If you say that a person is fooling with something or someone, you mean that the way they are behaving is likely to cause problems.

- What are you doing fooling with such a staggering sum of money?.

- He kept telling her that here you did not fool with officials.

VB

5. fool fools
In the courts of kings and queens in medieval Europe, the fool was the person whose job was to do silly things in order to make people laugh.
N-COUNT: usu the N
= jester

6. fool fools
Fool is a dessert made by mixing soft cooked fruit with whipped cream or with custard. (BRIT)

- ...gooseberry fool.

N-VAR

7. fool
If you make a fool of someone, you make them seem silly by telling people about something stupid that they have done, or by tricking them.

- Your brother is making a fool of you.

- He'd been made a fool of.

PHR: V and N inflect

8. fool
If you make a fool of yourself, you behave in a way that makes other people think that you are silly or lacking in good judgement.

- He was drinking and making a fool of himself.

PHR: V and N inflect

9. fool
If you say to someone ` More fool you' when they tell you what they have done or what they plan to do, you are indicating that you think that it is silly and shows a lack of judgement. (BRIT)

- Most managers couldn't care less about information technology. More fool them.

PHR disapproval

10. fool
If you play the fool or act the fool , you behave in a playful, childish, and foolish way, usually in order to make other people laugh.

- They used to play the fool together, calling each other silly names and giggling.

PHR: V inflects
= mess about

fool

noun

1.

simpleton

blockhead

dunce

halfwit

idiot

ignoramus

imbecile informal

numbskull or numskull

twit informal chiefly Brit.

2.

dupe

fall guy informal

laughing stock

mug Brit. slang

stooge slang

sucker slang

3.

clown

buffoon

harlequin

jester

verb

4.

deceive

beguile

con informal

delude

dupe

hoodwink

mislead

take in

trick

fool around ***

1. fool around fools around; fooling around; fooled around
If you fool around , you behave in a silly, dangerous, or irresponsible way.

- They were fooling around on an Army firing range.

- Have you been fooling around with something you shouldn't?

PHR-V

2. fool around fools around; fooling around; fooled around
If someone fools around with another person, especially when one of them is married, they have a casual sexual relationship.

- Never fool around with the clients' wives.

- Her husband was fooling around.

PHR-V

3. fool around fools around; fooling around; fooled around
If you fool around , you behave in a playful, childish, and silly way, often in order to make people laugh. In British English, you can also say you fool about .

- Stop fooling about, man.

- They fooled around for the camera.

PHR-V
= mess about

foolhardiness

n.

愚勇,有勇无谋,蛮勇

foolhardy

[D.J.:ˈfu:lˌhɑ:di:]

[K.K.:ˈfulˌhɑrdi]

adj.

<贬>莽撞的;有勇无谋的

foolhardiness

n.

foolhardy

1. foolhardy
If you describe behaviour as foolhardy , you disapprove of it because it is extremely risky.

- When he tested an early vaccine on himself, some described the act as foolhardy.

- It was foolhardy to have refused.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf disapproval

2. foolhardiness

- What he once took as boldness he will now judge as foolhardiness.

N-UNCOUNT
= recklessness

foolhardy

adjective

rash

hot-headed

impetuous

imprudent

irresponsible

reckless

foolish

[D.J.:ˈfu:liʃ]

[K.K.:ˈfulɪʃ]

adj.

愚蠢的, 笨的

傻瓜似的, 笨拙的

foolishly

[D.J.:ˈfu:lɪʃlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfulɪʃlɪ]

adv.

愚蠢地;可笑地

foolishness

[D.J.:ˈfu:lɪʃnɪs]

[K.K.: ˈfulɪʃnɪs]

n.

愚蠢;愚笨

foolish **

1. foolish
If someone's behaviour or action is foolish , it is not sensible and shows a lack of good judgement.

- It would be foolish to raise hopes unnecessarily.

- It is foolish to risk skin cancer.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

2. foolishly

- He admitted that he had acted foolishly.

ADV: usu ADV with v

3. foolishness

- They don't accept any foolishness when it comes to spending money.

N-UNCOUNT

4. foolish
If you look or feel foolish , you look or feel so silly or ridiculous that people are likely to laugh at you.

- I just stood there feeling foolish and watching him.

- I didn't want him to look foolish and be laughed at.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= ridiculous

5. foolishly

- He saw me standing there, grinning foolishly at him.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

foolish

adjective

unwise

absurd

ill-judged

imprudent

injudicious

senseless

silly

foolishly

adverb

unwisely

idiotically

ill-advisedly

imprudently

injudiciously

mistakenly

stupidly

foolishness

noun

stupidity

absurdity

folly

imprudence

indiscretion

irresponsibility

silliness

weakness

foolproof

[D.J.:ˈfu:lˌpru:f]

[K.K.:ˈfulˌpruf]

adj.

(方法、计划、系统等设计得)万无一失的,肯定成功的

foolproof

foolproof
Something such as a plan or a machine that is foolproof is so well designed, easy to understand, or easy to use that it cannot go wrong or be used wrongly.

- The system is not 100 per cent foolproof.

- I spent the day working out a foolproof plan to save him.

ADJ-GRADED

foolproof

adjective

infallible

certain

guaranteed

safe

sure-fire informal

unassailable

unbreakable

foolscap

[D.J.:ˈfu:lskæp]

[K.K.:ˈfulzˌkæp]

n.

(书写纸规格)大裁, 大页纸

foolscap

foolscap
Foolscap is paper which is about 34 centimetres by 43 centimetres in size. (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

fool's gold

1. fool's gold
Fool's gold is a substance that is found in rock and that looks very like gold.
N-UNCOUNT

2. fool's gold
If you say that a plan for getting money is fool's gold , you mean that it is foolish to carry it out because you are sure that it will fail or cause problems.

- The British establishment seems to be off on another quest for fool's gold.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

fool's paradise

fool's paradise
If you say that someone is living in a fool's paradise , you are criticizing them because they are not aware that their present happy situation is likely to change and get worse.

- ...living in a fool's paradise of false prosperity.

N-SING: a N disapproval

footage

[D.J.:ˈfutidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtɪdʒ]

n.

以英尺表示的长度或距离

(电影或电视的)片段

footage **

footage
Footage of a particular event is a film of it or the part of a film which shows this event.

- They are planning to show exclusive footage from this summer's festivals.

N-UNCOUNT

foot-and-mouth disease

foot-and-mouth disease
Foot-and-mouth disease or foot-and-mouth is a serious and highly infectious disease that affects cattle, sheep, pigs, and goats.
N-UNCOUNT

football

[D.J.:ˈfutbɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtˌbɔl]

n.

足球, 橄榄球

足球运动, 橄榄球运动

football ****

1. football
Football is a game played by two teams of eleven players using a round ball. Players kick the ball to each other and try to score goals by kicking the ball into a large net. (BRIT; in AM use soccer )

- Several boys were still playing football on the waste ground.

- ...Arsenal Football Club.

- ...Italian football fans.

N-UNCOUNT
= soccer

2. football
Football is a game played by two teams of eleven players using an oval ball. Players carry the ball in their hands or throw it to each other as they try to score goals that are called touchdowns. (AM; in BRIT use American football )

- Two blocks beyond our school was a field where boys played football.

- This year's national college football championship was won by Princeton.

N-UNCOUNT

3. football footballs
A football is a ball that is used for playing football.
N-COUNT

footballer

[D.J.:ˈfʊtˌbɔ:lə]

n.

(尤指职业的)足球运动员

footballer **

footballer footballers
A footballer is a person who plays football, especially as a profession. (BRIT; in AM use soccer player )
N-COUNT

footballing *

footballing
Footballing means relating to the playing of football. (BRIT)

- My two years at Farnham were the best of my footballing life.

ADJ: ADJ n

football pools

football pools
If you do the football pools , you take part in a gambling competition in which people try to win money by guessing the results of football matches. (BRIT)
N-PLURAL: the N
= pools

footbridge

[D.J.:ˈfutbridʒ]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtˌbrɪdʒ]

n.

人行桥

footbridge

footbridge footbridges
A footbridge is a narrow bridge for people travelling on foot.
N-COUNT

foot-dragging

foot-dragging
Foot-dragging is the action of deliberately slowing down a plan or process.

- Their bargaining position with America was weakened by their foot-dragging over the Gulf.

- He accused the company of `shameful foot-dragging'.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

footfall

[D.J.:ˈfutfɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtˌfɔl]

n.

脚步,脚步声

footfall

footfall footfalls
A footfall is the sound that is made by someone walking each time they take a step. (LITERARY)

- She heard the priest's familiar, flat footfall on the staircase.

N-COUNT

foothills

山麓丘陵

foothills *

foothills
The foothills of a mountain or a range of mountains are the lower hills or mountains around its base.

- Pasadena lies in the foothills of the San Gabriel mountains.

N-PLURAL: oft N of n

foothold

[D.J.:ˈfʊtˌhəʊld]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtˌhold]

n.

立足处(攀登时脚踩的地方)

(在事业等方面可以进一步发展的)稳固地位

foothold *

1. foothold footholds
A foothold is a strong or favourable position from which further advances or progress may be made.

- If British business is to have a successful future, companies must establish a firm foothold in Europe.

N-COUNT: oft adj N, N in n

2. foothold footholds
A foothold is a place such as a small hole or area of rock where you can safely put your foot when climbing.

- He lowered his legs until he felt he had a solid foothold on the rockface beneath him.

N-COUNT: oft adj N, N on n

footing

[D.J.:ˈfʊtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtɪŋ]

n.

立足处,立足点

地位,基础

footing *

1. footing
If something is put on a particular footing , it is defined, established, or changed in a particular way, often so that it is able to develop or exist successfully.

- The new law will put official corruption on the same legal footing as treason.

- ...research that is aimed at placing training on a more scientific footing.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, usu on N
= basis

2. footing
If you are on a particular kind of footing with someone, you have that kind of relationship with them.

- They decided to put their relationship on a more formal footing.

- They are now trying to compete on an equal footing.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, usu on N
= basis

3. footing
If a country or armed force is on a war footing , it is ready to fight a war.

- The president placed the republic on a war footing.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

4. footing
You refer to your footing when you are referring to your position and how securely your feet are placed on the ground. For example, if you lose your footing , your feet slip and you fall.

- He was cautious of his footing, wary of the edge.

- He lost his footing and slid into the water.

N-UNCOUNT: poss N

footing

noun

1.

basis

foundation

groundwork

2.

relationship

grade

position

rank

standing

status

footlights

[D.J.:ˈfutlaits]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtˌlaɪts]

n.

脚灯(舞台前面的一排灯)

footlights

footlights
In a theatre, the footlights are the row of lights along the front of the stage.
N-PLURAL

footlocker

[D.J.:ˈfutˌlɔkə]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtˌlɑkɚ]

n.

军人用小型提箱

footlocker

footlocker footlockers
A footlocker is a large box for keeping personal possessions in, especially one that is placed at the end of a bed. (AM)
N-COUNT also foot locker

footloose

[D.J.:ˈfʊtˌlu:s]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtˌlus]

adj.

未婚的;独身的

footloose and fancy-free

自由自在；无拘无束

footloose

1. footloose
If you describe someone as footloose , you mean that they have no responsibilities or commitments, and are therefore free to do what they want and go where they want.

- People that are single tend to be more footloose.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ tied down

2. footloose
If you describe someone as footloose and fancy-free , you mean that they are not married or in a similar relationship, and you therefore consider them to have very few responsibilities or commitments.

- In the eyes of the public, a divorced man is footloose and fancy-free.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

footman

[D.J.:ˈfʊtmən]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtmən]

n.

(常穿制服的)男仆,侍者

footman

footman footmen
A footman is a male servant who typically does jobs such as opening doors or serving food, and who often wears a special uniform.
N-COUNT

footnote

[D.J.:ˈfʊtˌnəʊt]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtˌnot]

n.

脚注(列在一页末了的附注)

footnote *

1. footnote footnotes
A footnote is a note at the bottom of a page in a book which provides more detailed information about something that is mentioned on that page.
N-COUNT

2. footnote footnotes
If you refer to what you are saying as a footnote , you mean that you are adding some information that is related to what has just been mentioned.

- As a footnote, I should add that there was one point on which his bravado was more than justified.

N-COUNT

3. footnote footnotes
If you describe an event as a footnote , you mean that it is fairly unimportant although it will probably be remembered.

- I'm afraid that his name will now become a footnote in history.

N-COUNT

footpath

[D.J.:ˈfʊtˌpæθ, -ˌpɑ:θ]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtˌpæθ, -ˌpɑθ]

n.

人行小径,人行道

footpath *

footpath footpaths
A footpath is a path for people to walk on, especially in the countryside.
N-COUNT

footplate

[ˈfutpleit]

n.

踏板

footplate

footplate footplates
On a steam train, the footplate is the place where the driver and fireman stand. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

footprint

[D.J.:ˈfʊtˌprɪnt]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtˌprɪnt]

n.

(尤指软地上的)脚印,足迹;(地板上的)脚印,鞋印

<商>(建筑物或设备,尤指计算机)占用的空间

<术>(尤指来自卫星的)广播信号覆盖区

footprint *

footprint footprints
A footprint is a mark in the shape of a foot that a person or animal makes in or on a surface.
N-COUNT

footsie

[D.J.:ˈfutsi]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtsi]

n.

调情,挑逗,脚

footsie

footsie
If someone plays footsie with you, they touch your feet with their own feet, for example under a table, often as a playful way of expressing their romantic or sexual feelings towards you. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects, usu PHR with n

foot soldier

foot soldier foot soldiers
The foot soldiers of a particular organization are people who seem unimportant and who do not have a high position but who do a large amount of very important and often very boring work.
N-COUNT

footsore

[D.J.:ˈfʊtˌsɔ:, -ˌsəʊr]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtˌsɔr, -ˌsor]

adj.

<正>(因走远路)脚痛,脚酸

footsore

footsore
If you are footsore , you have sore or tired feet after walking a long way.

- It was hot and I was footsore.

ADJ-GRADED

footstep

[D.J.:ˈfutstep]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtˌstɛp]

n.

脚步(声)

一步的距离

footstep *

1. footstep footsteps
A footstep is the sound or mark that is made by someone walking each time their foot touches the ground.

- I heard footsteps outside.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. footstep
If you follow in someone's footsteps , you do the same things as they did earlier.

- My father is extremely proud that I followed in his footsteps and became a doctor.

PHR: V inflects

footstep

noun

step

footfall

tread

footstool

[D.J.:ˈfutstu:l]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtˌstul]

n.

脚凳

footstool

footstool footstools
A footstool is a small low stool that you can rest your feet on when you are sitting in a chair.
N-COUNT

footwear

[D.J.:ˈfʊtˌweə]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtˌwɛr]

n.

(总称)鞋类

footwear *

footwear
Footwear refers to things that people wear on their feet, for example shoes and boots.

- Some footballers get paid millions for endorsing footwear.

N-UNCOUNT

footwork

[D.J.:ˈfutwə:k]

[K.K.:ˈfʊtˌwɚk]

n.

步法,要跑腿的工作

footwork

1. footwork
Footwork is the way in which you move your feet, especially in sports such as boxing, football, or tennis, or in dancing.

- This exercise improves your coordination, balance, timing and footwork.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

2. footwork
If you refer to someone's footwork in a difficult situation, you mean the clever way they deal with it.

- In the end, his brilliant legal footwork paid off.

N-UNCOUNT: supp N

foppish

[D.J.:ˈf ɔpɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈf ɑpɪʃ]

adj.

纨绔子弟的;矫揉造作的;举止(或服饰)像花花公子的

foppish

foppish
If you describe a man as foppish , you disapprove of the fact that he dresses in beautiful, expensive clothes and is very proud of his appearance. (OLD-FASHIONED)
ADJ-GRADED disapproval

for

[D.J.:fɔ:, fə]

[K.K.:fɔr,fə]

prep.

(表示时间)在(某一特定时间); 在…时节; 持续达

(表示方向)向, 朝, 开往

(表示对象) 替, 帮, 给, 为…做准备, 对, 对于, 对…来说, 在…一方

(表示原因)因为, 由于, 作为…的结果

(表示距离)延续达, 计有

(表示结果)当做, 作为, 作为…的部分, 就…的条件而言

(表示目的)为了…, 适用于

(表示态度)支持, 赞同, 想要

(表示比率)按…比例, 以…价格, 第…次

conj.

因为, 由于

for *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, for is used after some verbs, nouns, and adjectives in order to introduce extra information, and in phrasal verbs such as `account for' and `make up for'. It is also used with some verbs that have two objects in order to introduce the second object.)

1. for
If something is for someone, they are intended to have it or benefit from it.

- Isn't that enough for you?.

- I have some free advice for you.

- ...that intense need to care for your baby.

- ...a table for two...

- Your mother is only trying to make things easier for you.

- What have you got for me this morning, Patrick?.

- He wanted all the running of the business for himself.

PREP

2. for
If you work or do a job for someone, you are employed by them.

- I knew he worked for a security firm.

- Have you had any experience writing for radio?

- ...a buyer for one of the largest chain stores in the south.

PREP

3. for
If you speak or act for a particular group or organization, you represent them.

- She appears nightly on the television news, speaking for the State Department.

- ...the spokesman for the Democrats.

PREP
= on behalf of

4. for
If someone does something for you, they do it so that you do not have to do it.

- If your pharmacy doesn't stock the product you want, have them order it for you.

- I hold a shop door open for an old person.

- He picked the bracelet up for me.

PREP

5. for
If you feel a particular emotion for someone, you feel it on their behalf.

- This is the best thing you've ever done -- I am so happy for you!.

- He felt a great sadness for this little girl.

PREP: adj/n PREP

6. for
If you feel a particular emotion for someone or something, they are the object of that emotion, and you feel it when you think about them.

- John, I'm sorry for Steve, but I think you've made the right decisions.

- Mack felt a pitiless contempt for her.

PREP: adj/n PREP

7. for
You use for after words such as `time', `space', `money', or `energy' when you say how much there is or whether there is enough of it in order to be able to do or use a particular thing.

- Many new trains have space for wheelchair users.

- It would take three to six hours for a round trip.

- ...a huge room with plenty of room for books...

- Chris couldn't even raise the energy for a smile.

PREP

8. for
If something is for sale, hire, or use, it is available to be sold, hired, or used.

- ...fishmongers displaying freshwater fish for sale...

- Skis are available for hire on a daily basis.

- ...a room for rent.

- ...a comfortable chair, suitable for use in the living room.

PREP

9. for
You use for when you state or explain the purpose of an object, action, or activity.

- ...drug users who use unsterile equipment for injections of drugs...

- The knife for cutting sausage was sitting in the sink.

- ...economic aid for the future reconstruction of the country.

PREP: PREP n/-ing

10. for
You use for after nouns expressing reason or cause.

- He's soon to make a speech in parliament explaining his reasons for going.

- The county hospital could find no physical cause for Sumner's problems.

- He has now been formally given the grounds for his arrest.

PREP: n PREP n/-ing

11. for
You can use for to introduce a clause which gives the reason why you made the statement in the main clause. (LITERARY)

- He had a great desire to have a home of his own for he had always lived with my grandmother.

CONJ-SUBORD
= as since

12. for
You can use for to introduce the cause of the fact that you have just mentioned. (LITERARY)

- ...doing jobs that others turn down for lack of skill...

- They cannot sleep for hunger.

PREP
= because of

13. for
For is used in conditional sentences, in expressions such as ` if not for ' and ` were it not for ', to introduce the only thing which prevents the main part of the sentence from being true.

- If not for John, Brian wouldn't have learned the truth.

- The earth would be a frozen ball if it were not for the radiant heat of the sun.

- She might have forgotten her completely had it not been for recurrent nightmares.

PREP

14. for
You use for to say how long something lasts or continues.

- The toaster remained on for more than an hour.

- For a few minutes she sat on her bed watching the clock.

- He smoked one and a half packs of cigarettes a day for about 25 years.

- They talked for a bit.

PREP: PREP amount

15. for
You use for to say how far something extends.

- We drove on for a few miles.

- Great clouds of black smoke were rising for several hundred feet or so.

PREP: PREP amount

16. for
If something is bought, sold, or done for a particular amount of money, that amount of money is its price.

- We got the bus back to Tange for 30 cents.

- The Martins sold their house for about 1.4 million pounds.

- The doctor was prepared to do the operation for a large sum.

PREP: PREP amount

17. for
If something is planned for a particular time, it is planned to happen then.

- ...the Welsh Boat Show, planned for July 30 -- August 1...

- Marks & Spencer will be unveiling its latest fashions for autumn and winter.

- The party was scheduled for 7:00.

PREP

18. for
If you do something for a particular occasion, you do it on that occasion or to celebrate that occasion.

- He asked his daughter what she would like for her birthday.

- I'll be home for Christmas.

PREP

19. for
If you leave for a particular place or if you take a bus, train, plane, or boat for a place, you are going there.

- They would be leaving for Rio early the next morning.

PREP

20. for
You use for when you make a statement about something in order to say how it affects or relates to someone, or what their attitude to it is.

- What matters for most scientists is money and facilities.

- For her, books were as necessary to life as bread.

- It would be excellent experience for him to travel a little.

PREP

21. for
After some adjective, noun, and verb phrases, you use for to introduce the subject of the action indicated by the following infinitive verb.

- It might be possible for a single woman to be accepted as a foster parent.

- I had made arrangements for my affairs to be dealt with by one of my children.

- He held out his glass for an old waiter to refill.

PREP: PREP n to-inf

22. for
You use for when you say that an aspect of something or someone is surprising in relation to other aspects of them.

- He was tall for an eight-year-old.

- He had too much money for a young man.

PREP

23. for
If you say that you are for a particular activity, you mean that this is what you want or intend to do.

- Right, who's for a toasted sandwich then?.

- `What'll it be?' Paul said. --- `I'm for halibut.'

PREP: v-link PREP n/-ing

24. for
If you say that something is not for you, you mean that you do not enjoy it or that it is not suitable for you. (INFORMAL)

- Wendy decided the sport was not for her.

- Not for me the settled life.

- I'm afraid German beer isn't for me.

PREP: with neg

25. for
If it is for you to do something, it is your responsibility or right to do it.

- I wish you would come back to Washington with us, but that's for you to decide.

- It is not for me to arrange such matters.

PREP: PREP n to-inf

26. for
If you are for something, you agree with it or support it.

- Are you for or against public transport?.

- I'm for a government that the people respect and that respects the people.

- No, I'm not for abolishing prizes and denying novelists their money.

PREP: v-link PREP n/-ing
≠ against

27. for
You use for after words such as `argue', `case', `evidence', or `vote' in order to introduce the thing that is being supported or proved.

- Another union has voted for industrial action in support of a pay claim.

- The case for nuclear power is impressive.

- We have no real, objective, scientific evidence for our belief.

- ...committees arguing for increased support of technical education.

PREP: n/v PREP n
≠ against

28. for
Also an adverb.

- 833 delegates voted for, and only 432 against.

ADV: ADV after v

29. for
For is the preposition that is used after some nouns, adjectives, or verbs in order to introduce more information or to indicate what a quality, thing, or action relates to.

- Reduced-calorie cheese is a great substitute for cream cheese.

- Car park owners should be legally responsible for protecting vehicles.

- Be prepared for both warm and cool weather.

- Make sure you have ample time to prepare for the new day ahead.

- Special bus and rail services are being laid on to cater for the crowds.

- He was destined for a career in the Bank of England.

PREP: n/adj/v PREP n/-ing

30. for
To be named for someone means to be given the same name as them. (AM; in BRIT use after )

- The Brady Bill is named for former White House Press Secretary James Brady.

- Ayer started N. W. Ayer & Son in 1869, naming the firm for his father.

PREP

31. for
You use for with `every' when you are stating a ratio, to introduce one of the things in the ratio.

- For every farm job that is lost, two or three other jobs in the area are put at risk.

- Where there had been one divorce for every 100 marriages before the war, now there were five.

PREP

32. for
You can use for in expressions such as pound for pound or mile for mile when you are making comparisons between the values or qualities of different things.

- ...the Antarctic, mile for mile one of the planet's most lifeless areas...

- He insists any tax cut be matched dollar-for-dollar with cuts in spending.

PREP: n PREP n

33. for
If a word or expression has the same meaning as another word or expression, you can say that the first one is another word or expression for the second one.

- The technical term for sunburn is erythema.

- Cancer is derived from the Greek word for crab, karkinos.

PREP

34. for
You use for in a piece of writing when you mention information which will be found somewhere else.

- For further information on the life of William James Sidis, see Amy Wallace, `The Prodigy'.

PREP

35. for
If you say that you are all for doing something, you agree or strongly believe that it should be done, but you are also often suggesting that other people disagree with you or that there are practical difficulties.

- I am all for cutting carbon dioxide emissions, but that would be much more easily achieved by giving subsidies to windpower, than with nuclear power.

- He is all for players earning what they can while they are in the game.

- I was all for it, but Wolfe said no.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR -ing/n
= in favour of

36. for
If you are in for it or, in British English, if you are for it , you are likely to get into trouble because of something you have done. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects

37. for
You use expressions such as for the first time and for the last time when you are talking about how often something has happened before.

- He was married for the second time, this time to a Belgian.

- For the first time in my career, I was failing.

PHR: PHR with cl

forage

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:rɪdʒ, ˈfɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrɪdʒ, ˈfɑr-]

n.

牛马饲料

寻找粮草

vi.

搜寻(食物)

forage *

1. forage forages foraging foraged
If someone forages for something, they search for it in a busy way.

- They were forced to forage for clothing and fuel.

VB

2. forage forages foraging foraged
When animals forage , they search for food.

- We disturbed a wild boar that had been foraging by the roadside.

- The cat forages for food.

VB

3. forage
Forage is crops that are grown as food for cattle and horses.

- ...the amount of forage needed to feed one cow and its calf.

N-UNCOUNT

forage

verb

1.

search

cast about

explore

hunt

rummage

scour

seek

noun

2.

fodder

feed

food

provender

foray

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:rˌeɪ, ˈfəʊrˌeɪ, ˈfɔrˌeɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌe, ˈforˌe, ˈfɑrˌe]

n.

突袭,袭击

从事非本行的短暂尝试活动

vi.

(为了掠夺而)进行突袭

foray *

1. foray forays
If you make a foray into a new or unfamiliar type of activity, you start to become involved in it.

- Emporio Armani, the Italian fashion house, has made a discreet foray into furnishings.

- ...her first forays into politics.

N-COUNT: oft poss N, usu N into n

2. foray forays
You can refer to a short journey that you make as a foray if it seems to involve excitement or risk, for example because it is to an unfamiliar place or because you are looking for a particular thing.

- Most guests make at least one foray into the town.

- A foray to your supermarket will supply all the ready-made foods for an excellent picnic.

N-COUNT: usu N into/to n

3. foray forays
If a group of soldiers make a foray into enemy territory, they make a quick attack there, and then return to their own territory.

- These base camps were used by the PKK guerrillas to make forays into Turkey.

N-COUNT: oft N into n
= raid

foray

noun Cattle, etc.

raid

incursion

inroad

invasion

sally

sortie

swoop

forbade

[D.J.:fəˈbæd,fəˈbeid]

[K.K.:fɚˈbæd, -ˈbed, fɔr-]

forbid的过去式

forbid

[D.J.:fəˈbid]

[K.K.:fɚˈbɪd, fɔr-]

vt.

禁止

forbidden

[D.J.:fəˈbɪdn, fɔ:r-]

[K.K.:fɚˈbɪdn.., fɔr-]

adj.

不允许的, 被禁止的

forbidden fruit

禁果(由于被禁止而更想得到的东西)

forbidding

[D.J.:fəˈbɪdɪŋ, fɔ:r-]

[K.K.:fɚˈbɪdɪŋ, fɔr-]

adj.

冷峻的;令人生畏的

forbiddingly

adv.

forbade

forbade
Forbade is the past tense of forbid .

forbid **

1. forbid forbids forbidding forbade forbidden
If you forbid someone to do something, or if you forbid an activity, you order that it must not be done.

- They'll forbid you to marry.

- She was shut away and forbidden to read.

- Brazil's constitution forbids the military use of nuclear energy.

VB
= prohibit

2. forbid forbids forbidding forbade forbidden
If something forbids a particular course of action or state of affairs, it makes it impossible for the course of action or state of affairs to happen.

- His own pride forbids him to ask Arthur's help.

- Custom forbids any modernisation.

VB

forbidden **

1. forbidden
If something is forbidden , you are not allowed to do it or have it.

- Smoking was forbidden everywhere.

- It is forbidden to drive faster than 20mph.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

2. forbidden
A forbidden place is one that you are not allowed to visit or enter.

- This was a forbidden area for foreigners.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= out of bounds

3. forbidden
Forbidden is used to describe things that people strongly disapprove of or feel guilty about, and that are not often mentioned or talked about.

- The war was a forbidden subject.

- Men fantasise as a substitute for acting out forbidden desires.

- Divorce? It was such a forbidden word.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= taboo

forbidding

forbidding
If you describe a person, place, or thing as forbidding , you mean they have a severe, unfriendly, or threatening appearance.

- There was something a little severe and forbidding about her face.

- ...a huge, forbidding building.

ADJ-GRADED

forbid

verb

prohibit

ban

disallow

exclude

outlaw

preclude

rule out

veto

forbidden

adjective

prohibited

banned

outlawed

out of bounds

proscribed

taboo

vetoed

forbidding

adjective

threatening

daunting

frightening

hostile

menacing

ominous

sinister

unfriendly

forbear

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈbeə]

[K.K.:fɔrˈbɛr]

vi.

<正>(尤指为表示礼貌或耐心而)克制,忍耐,容忍

forbearing

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈbeɵrɪŋ]

[K.K.:fɔrˈbɛrɪŋ]

adj.

能忍耐的，宽容的

forbears

祖宗

forbore

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈbɔ:]

[K.K.:fɔrˈbɔr, -ˈbor]

bear的过去式

forborne

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈbɔ:n, -ˈbəʊrn]

[K.K.:fɔrˈbɔrn, -ˈborn]

forbear的过去分词

forbear

forbear forbears forbearing forbore forborne
If you forbear to do something, you do not do it although you have the opportunity or the right to do it. (FORMAL)

- I forbore to comment on this.

- Protesters largely forbore from stone-throwing and vandalism.

VB

forbearing

forbearing
Someone who is forbearing behaves in a calm and sensible way at a time when they would have a right to be very upset or angry. (FORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED approval
= long-suffering

forbear

verb

refrain

abstain

cease

desist

hold back

keep from

restrain oneself

stop

forbearing

adjective

patient

forgiving

indulgent

lenient

long-suffering

merciful

moderate

tolerant

forbearance

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈbeərəns]

[K.K.:fɔrˈbɛrəns]

n.

忍耐,克制;宽容

forbearance

forbearance
If you say that someone has shown forbearance , you admire them for behaving in a calm and sensible way about something that they have a right to be very upset or angry about. (FORMAL)

- She remembered the example of fortitude and forbearance given by her father when her mother had died.

N-UNCOUNT approval

forbearance

noun

patience

long-suffering

moderation

resignation

restraint

self-control

temperance

tolerance

forbidden fruit

forbidden fruit forbidden fruits
Forbidden fruit is a source of pleasure that involves breaking a rule or doing something that you are not supposed to do.

- ...the forbidden fruit of an illicit romance.

N-VAR

force

[D.J.:fɔ:s]

[K.K.:fɔrs, fors]

n.

力; 力量; 力气

武力; 暴力

影响力; 效力

一群人; 部队; 兵力

vt.

强制, 迫使, 逼迫

施强力于; 强行促成

强作, 勉强做出

促成早熟, 促成生长

forced

[D.J.:fɔ:st, fəʊrst]

[K.K.:fɔrst, forst]

adj.

强迫的,被迫的

forcing

[ˈfɔ:siŋ]

adj.

强迫的,施加压力的

n.

强制,强夺

force *****

1. force forces forcing forced
If someone forces you to do something, they make you do it even though you do not want to, for example by threatening you.

- He was charged with abducting a taxi driver and forcing him to drive a bomb to Downing Street.

- He was forced to resign by Russia's conservative parliament at the beginning of December.

- I cannot force you in this. You must decide.

- They were grabbed by three men who appeared to force them into a car.

VB

2. force forces forcing forced
If a situation or event forces you to do something, it makes it necessary for you to do something that you would not otherwise have done.

- A back injury forced her to withdraw from Wimbledon.

- He turned right, down a dirt road that forced him into four-wheel drive.

- She finally was forced to the conclusion that she wouldn't get another paid job in her field.

VB

3. force forces forcing forced
If someone forces something on or upon you, they make you accept or use it when you would prefer not to.

- To force this agreement on the nation is wrong.

VB
= impose

4. force forces forcing forced
If you force something into a particular position, you use a lot of strength to make it move there.

- They were forcing her head under the icy waters, drowning her.

VB

5. force forces forcing forced
If someone forces a lock, a door, or a window, they break the lock or fastening in order to get into a building without using a key.

- That evening police forced the door of the flat and arrested Mr Roberts.

- He tried to force the window open but it was jammed shut.

VB

6. force
If someone uses force to do something, or if it is done by force , strong and violent physical action is taken in order to achieve it.

- The government decided against using force to break-up the demonstrations.

- ...the guerrillas' efforts to seize power by force.

N-UNCOUNT

7. force
Force is the power or strength which something has.

- The force of the explosion shattered the windows of several buildings.

- It looked as though the storm had an awful lot of force.

N-UNCOUNT
= power

8. force forces
If you refer to someone or something as a force in a particular type of activity, you mean that they have a strong influence on it.

- For years the army was the most powerful political force in the country.

- The band are still as innovative a force in British music as they were when they started.

- One of the driving forces behind this recent expansion is the growth of services.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N in/behind n

9. force
The force of something is the powerful effect or quality that it has.

- He changed our world through the force of his ideas.

- Perhaps your force of argument might have made some difference.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

10. force forces
You can use forces to refer to processes and events that do not appear to be caused by human beings, and are therefore difficult to understand or control.

- ...the protection of mankind against the forces of nature: epidemics, predators, floods, hurricanes...

- The principle of market forces was applied to some of the countries most revered institutions.

- Is it really the Holy Spirit moving me, or is it some evil force?

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp

11. force forces
In physics, a force is the pulling or pushing effect that something has on something else.

- ...the earth's gravitational force.

- ...protons and electrons trapped by magnetic forces in the Van Allen belts.

N-VAR

12. force
Force is used before a number to indicate a wind of a particular speed or strength, especially a very strong wind.

- The airlift was conducted in force ten winds.

- Northerly winds will increase to force six by midday.

N-UNCOUNT: N num

13. force forces forcing forced
If you force a smile or a laugh, you manage to smile or laugh, but with an effort because you are unhappy.

- Joe forced a smile, but underneath he was a little disturbed.

- `Why don't you offer me a drink?' he asked, with a forced smile.

VB

14. force forces
Forces are groups of soldiers or military vehicles that are organized for a particular purpose.

- ...the deployment of American forces in the region.

N-COUNT: usu pl

15. force forces
The forces means the army, the navy, or the air force, or all three.

- The more senior you become in the forces, the more likely you are to end up in a desk job.

N-PLURAL

16. force
The force is sometimes used to mean the police force.

- It was hard for a police officer to make friends outside the force.

N-SING: det N

17. force
If something happens by force of a particular quality, action, or set of circumstances, it happens because of the nature or intensity of that quality, action, or set of circumstances.

- ...converting the sceptics by force of argument.

- ...its promise to free Kuwait by force of arms.

PHR: PHR n

18. force
If you do something from force of habit , you do it because you have always done it in the past, rather than because you have thought carefully about it.

- He looked around from force of habit, but nobody paid any attention to him.

- Unconsciously, by force of habit, she plugged the coffee pot in.

PHR: usu from/by PHR

19. force
A law, rule, or system that is in force exists or is being used.

- Although the new tax is already in force, you have until November to lodge an appeal.

PHR: v-link PHR

20. force
When people do something in force , they do it in large numbers.

- Voters turned out in force for their first taste of multi-party elections.

PHR: PHR after v
= in strength

21. force
If you join forces with someone, you work together in order to achieve a common aim or purpose.

- Both groups joined forces to persuade voters to approve a tax break for the industry.

- William joined forces with businessman Nicholas Court to launch the new vehicle.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, pl-n PHR, PHR with n

22. force
If you force your way through or into somewhere, you have to push or break things that are in your way in order to get there.

- The miners were armed with clubs as they forced their way through a police cordon.

- He forced his way into a house shouting for help.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR through/into n

forced *

1. forced
A forced action is something that you do because someone else makes you do it.

- A system of forced labour was used on the cocoa plantations.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. forced
A forced action is something that you do because circumstances make it necessary.

- He made a forced landing on a highway.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. forced
If you describe something as forced , you mean it does not happen naturally and easily.

- ...a forced smile...

- She called him darling. It sounded so forced.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ natural

force

noun

1.

power

energy

impulse

might

momentum

pressure

strength

vigour

2.

compulsion

arm-twisting informal

coercion

constraint

duress

pressure

violence

3.

intensity

emphasis

fierceness

vehemence

vigour

4.

army

host

legion

patrol

regiment

squad

troop

unit

in force

5.

valid

binding

current

effective

in operation

operative

working

in great numbers

all together

in full strength

verb

6.

compel

coerce

constrain

dragoon

drive

impel

make

oblige

press

pressurize

7.

break open

blast

prise

wrench

wrest

8.

push

propel

thrust

forced

adjective

1.

compulsory

conscripted

enforced

involuntary

mandatory

obligatory

2.

false

affected

artificial

contrived

insincere

laboured

stiff

strained

unnatural

wooden

force back *****

force back forces back; forcing back; forced back
If you force back an emotion or desire, you manage, with an effort, not to experience it.

- Nancy forced back tears. She wasn't going to cry in front of all those people.

PHR-V

force-feed

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:sˌfi:d, ˈfəʊrs-]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrsˌfid, ˈfors-]

vt.

给…强行喂食

force-feed

force-feed force-feeds force-feeding force-fed
If you force-feed a person or animal, you make them eat or drink by pushing food or drink down their throat.

- Production of the foie gras pât´e involves force-feeding geese and ducks so that their livers swell.

VB

forceful

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:sfəl, ˈfəʊrs-]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrsfəl, ˈfors-]

adj.

有力的

forcefully

[D.J.:ˈf ɔ:sfəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈf ɔrsfəlɪ]

adv.

强有力地

forceful *

1. forceful
If you describe someone as forceful , you approve of them because they express their opinions and wishes in a strong, emphatic, and confident way.

- He was a man of forceful character, with considerable insight and diplomatic skills.

ADJ-GRADED approval

2. forcefully

- Mrs. Dambar was talking very rapidly and somewhat forcefully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. forcefulness

- She had inherited her father's forcefulness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. forceful
Something that is forceful has a very powerful effect and causes you to think or feel something very strongly.

- It made a very forceful impression on me.

- For most people a heart attack is a forceful reminder that they are mortal.

ADJ-GRADED
= strong

5. forcefully

- Daytime television tended to remind her too forcefully of her own situation.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

6. forceful
A forceful point or argument in a discussion is one that is good, valid, and convincing.
ADJ-GRADED
= powerful

forceful

adjective

powerful

cogent

compelling

convincing

dynamic

effective

persuasive

forceps

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:səps, -seps]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrsəps, -sɛps]

n.

手术钳

forceps

forceps
Forceps are an instrument consisting of two long narrow arms. Forceps are used by a doctor to hold things.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

forcible

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:səbəl, ˈfəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrsəbəl, ˈfor-]

adj.

强迫的;用暴力的

强有力的;有说服力的

forcibly

[D.J.:ˈf ɔ:səblɪ]

[K.K.:ˈforsəblɪ]

adv.

强迫地,强制地

强有力地;有说服力地

forcible *

1. forcible
Forcible action involves physical force or violence.

- Reports are coming in of the forcible resettlement of villagers from the countryside into towns.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. forcibly

- Two student leaders were forcibly removed from the university president's office.

ADV: ADV with v

forcible

adjective

1.

violent

aggressive

armed

coercive

compulsory

2.

strong

compelling

energetic

forceful

potent

powerful

weighty

ford

[fɔ:d]

n.

浅滩, 可涉水而过的地方

vt.

涉(水)

ford *

1. ford fords
A ford is a shallow place in a river or stream where it is possible to cross safely without using a boat.
N-COUNT

2. ford fords fording forded
If you ford a river or stream, you cross it without using a boat, usually at a shallow point.

- They were guarding the bridge, so we forded the river.

VB

fore

[fɔ:]

adj.

在前部的

adv.

在前头, 朝前头

fore *

1. fore
If someone or something comes to the fore in a particular situation or group, they become important or popular.

- A number of low-budget independent films brought new directors and actors to the fore.

PHR: PHR after v

2. fore
Fore is used to refer to parts at the front of an animal, ship, or aircraft.

- There had been no direct damage in the fore part of the ship.

- ...a swelling appeared below his near fore knee.

ADJ: ADJ n
= front

3. fore
If something is fore in a boat or plane, it is at the front of it.

- Our yacht was well equipped with two double cabins fore and aft.

- He loosened his very strong hold on the ship's rail and glanced fore and aft.

ADV: n ADV, ADV after v
≠ aft

forearm

[D.J.:fɔ:rˈɑ:m, fəʊr-]

[K.K.:fɔrˈɑrm, for-]

n.

前臂

vt.

预先武装, 预先准备

forearm *

forearm forearms
Your forearm is the part of your arm between your elbow and your wrist.
N-COUNT: oft poss N

forearmed

forearmed
If you say ` Forewarned is forearmed ', you are saying that if you know about a problem or situation in advance, you will be able to deal with it when you need to.
PHR

forebear

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:ˌbeə, ˈfəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌbɛr, ˈfor-]

n.

祖先,祖宗

forebear

forebear forebears
Your forebears are your ancestors. (LITERARY)

- I'll come back to the land of my forebears.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= forefather

forebear

noun

ancestor

father

forefather

forerunner

predecessor

foreboding

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈbəʊdɪŋ, fəʊr-]

[K.K.:fɔrˈbodɪŋ, for-]

n.

(对不祥之事的)预感,预知

adj.

<文>(对不祥之事)预感的,预知的

foreboding

1. foreboding forebodings
Foreboding is a strong feeling that something terrible is going to happen.

- His triumph was overshadowed by an uneasy sense of foreboding.

N-VAR

2. foreboding
If you describe something as foreboding , you mean that it makes you feel that something terrible is going to happen.

- Prisons like Strangeways, built more than 100 years ago, were intended to look grim and foreboding places.

ADJ-GRADED

foreboding

noun

dread

anxiety

apprehension

apprehensiveness

chill

fear

misgiving

premonition

presentiment

forecast

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:-kɑ:st]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌkæst, ˈfor-]

vt.

预言, 预报

forecasting

[ˈfɔ:kɑ:stiŋ]

n.

预测

forecast ***

1. forecast forecasts
A forecast is a statement of what is expected to happen in the future, especially in relation to a particular event or situation.

- ...a forecast of a 2.25 per cent growth in the economy...

- He delivered his election forecast.

- In mid-Atlantic, even if you should happen to have a forecast of heavy weather to come, there is nowhere to hide.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. forecast forecasts forecasting forecasted
If you forecast future events, you say what you think is going to happen in the future.

- They forecast a humiliating defeat for the Prime Minister.

- He forecasts that average salary increases will remain around 4 per cent.

VB The forms forecast and forecasted can both be used for the past tense and past participle

forecast

verb

1.

predict

anticipate

augur

divine

foresee

foretell

prophesy

noun

2.

prediction

conjecture

guess

prognosis

prophecy

forecaster

[ˈfɔ:kɑ:stə]

n.

预报员

forecaster *

forecaster forecasters
A forecaster is someone who uses detailed knowledge about a particular activity in order to work out what they think will happen in that activity in the future.

- Some of the nation's top economic forecasters say the economic recovery is picking up speed.

N-COUNT
See also weather forecaster .

forecastle

[D.J.:ˈfəuksl]

[K.K.:ˈfoksəl, ˈfɔrˌkæsəl, ˈfor-]

n.

前甲板,船头的船楼,前甲板下面的水手舱

forecastle

forecastle forecastles
The forecastle is the part at the front of a ship where the sailors live.
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing also fo'c'sle

foreclose

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈkləʊz, fəʊr-]

[K.K.:fɔrˈkloz, for-]

vt.

取消(抵押品)赎回权;取消(抵押人的)赎回抵押品的权利

排除,阻止

foreclosure

n.

foreclosure

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈkləuʒə]

[K.K.:fɔrˈkloʒɚ, for-]

n.

丧失抵押品赎回权,排斥

foreclose

foreclose forecloses foreclosing foreclosed
If the person or organization that lent someone money forecloses , they take possession of a property that was bought with the borrowed money, for example because regular repayments have not been made. (TECHNICAL)

- The bank foreclosed on the mortgage for his previous home.

VB

foreclosure

foreclosure foreclosures
Foreclosure is when someone who has lent money to a person or organization so that they can buy property takes possession of the property because the money has not been repaid. (TECHNICAL)

- If homeowners can't keep up the payments, they face foreclosure.

- If interest rates go up, won't foreclosures rise?

N-VAR

forecourt

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:kɔ:t]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌkɔrt, ˈforˌkort]

n.

前院,〈美〉(篮球)前(场)球

forecourt

forecourt forecourts
The forecourt of a large building or petrol station is the open area at the front of it. (mainly BRIT)

- I locked the bike in the forecourt of the Kirey Hotel.

- A police patrol car was parked in the forecourt of the petrol station.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, n N

foredeck

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:dek]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌdɛk, ˈfor-]

n.

前甲板

foredeck

foredeck foredecks
The foredeck is the part of the deck at the front of a ship.
N-COUNT: usu N SING, the N

forefather

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:ˌfɑ:ðə, ˈfəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌfɑðɚ, ˈfor-]

n.

祖先,祖宗

forefathers

n.

祖先,先人

forefather

forefather forefathers
Your forefathers are your ancestors, especially your male ancestors. (LITERARY)

- They were determined to go back to the land of their forefathers.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu poss N
= forebear

forefather

noun

ancestor

father

forebear

forerunner

predecessor

forefinger

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:ˌfɪŋgə, ˈfəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌfɪŋɡɚ, ˈfor-]

n.

食指

forefinger *

forefinger forefingers
Your forefinger is the finger that is next to your thumb.

- He took the pen between his thumb and forefinger.

N-COUNT: oft poss N
= index finger

forefeet

n.

船龙骨的前端部分

forefoot

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:-fut]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌfʊt, ˈfor-]

n.

(四足动物的)前足, 前脚

forefoot

forefoot forefeet
A four-legged animal's forefeet are its two front feet.

- Moles have powerful forefeet for digging.

N-COUNT: usu pl

forefront

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:ˌfrʌnt, ˈfəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌfrʌnt, ˈfor-]

n.

最前部

at/in/to the forefront (of sth)

位于最前列；成为领导力量

forefront *

1. forefront
If you are at the forefront of a campaign or other activity, you have a leading and influential position in it.

- They have been at the forefront of the campaign for political change.

N-SING: the N, usu at/in/to N, N of/in n/-ing

2. forefront
If something is at the forefront of people's minds or attention, they think about it a lot because it is particularly important to them.

- The pension issue was not at the forefront of his mind in the spring of 1985.

N-SING: the N, usu at/in/to N of n

forefront

noun

lead

centre

fore

foreground

front

prominence

spearhead

vanguard

forego

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈɡəu]

[K.K.:fɔrˈɡo, for-]

vt.

(在位置时间或程度方面)走在…之前,居先

foregoing

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈgəʊɪŋ, fəʊr-, ˈfɔ:ˌgəʊɪŋ, ˈfəʊr-]

[K.K.:fɔrˈɡoɪŋ, for-, ˈfɔrˌɡoɪŋ, ˈfor-]

adj.

在前的,在先的;前面提到的

foregone

[fɔ:ˈɡɔn]

adj.

先前的,过去的,预知的

forewent

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈwent]

[K.K.:fɔrˈwɛnt, for-]

forego的过去式

forego

forego foregoes foregoing forewent foregone
If you forego something, you decide to do without it, although you would like it. (FORMAL)

- Keen skiers are happy to forego a summer holiday to go skiing.

VB also forgo .
= do without

foregoing

1. foregoing
You can refer to what has just been stated or mentioned as the foregoing . (FORMAL)

- You might think from the foregoing that the French want to phase accents out. Not at all.

PRON: the PRON

2. foregoing
Also an adjective.

- The foregoing paragraphs were written in 1985.

ADJ: ADJ n
= preceding

foregone

1. foregone
Foregone is the past participle of forego .

2. foregone
If you say that a particular result is a foregone conclusion , you mean you are certain that it will happen.

- Most voters believe the result is a foregone conclusion.

- It's almost a foregone conclusion that you'll get what you want.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft it v-link PHR that

forewent

forewent
Forewent is the past tense of forego .

foregoing

adjective

preceding

above

antecedent

anterior

former

previous

prior

foreground

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:ɡraund]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌɡraʊnd, ˈfor-]

n.

前景

突出的地方, 最显著的位置

foregrounding

n.

前台操作,前台设置

foreground *

1. foreground foregrounds
The foreground of a picture or scene you are looking at is the part or area of it that appears nearest to you.

- He is the bowler-hatted figure in the foreground of Orpen's famous painting.

N-VAR: oft in the N
= focus on ≠ background

2. foreground
If something or someone is in the foreground , or comes to the foreground , they receive a lot of attention.

- This is another worry that has come to the foreground in recent years.

N-SING: usu the N, oft in/to N

3. foreground foregrounds foregrounding foregrounded
To foreground certain features of a situation means to make them the most important part of a description or account. (FORMAL)

- His book foregrounds three events in which police relations with the media were central.

VB
= highlight

forehand

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:ˌhænd, ˈfəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌhænd, ˈfor-]

n.

(网球等的)正手一击,正手击球

forehand

forehand forehands
A forehand is a shot in tennis or squash in which the palm of your hand faces the direction in which you are hitting the ball.

- Agassi saw his chance and, with another lightning forehand, reached match point.

N-COUNT

forehead

[D.J.:ˈfɔrid]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrɪd, -ˌhɛd, ˈfɑr-]

n.

额

forehead **

forehead foreheads
Your forehead is the area at the front of your head between your eyebrows and your hair.
N-COUNT: oft poss N
= brow

foreign

[D.J.:ˈfɔrin]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrɪn, ˈfɑr-]

adj.

外国的, 在本国以外的; 从外国来的

不属于本身的; 无关的, 不相干的

外来的; 异质的

foreign *****

1. foreign
Something or someone that is foreign comes from or relates to a country that is not your own.

- ...in Frankfurt, where a quarter of the population is foreign...

- She was on her first foreign holiday without her parents.

- ...a foreign language...

- It is the largest ever private foreign investment in the Bolivian mining sector.

ADJ

2. foreign
In politics and journalism, foreign is used to describe people, jobs, and activities relating to countries that are not the country of the person or government concerned.

- ...the German foreign minister...

- I am the foreign correspondent in Washington of La Tribuna newspaper of Honduras.

- ...the effects of US foreign policy in the `free world'.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. foreign
A foreign object is something that has got into something else, usually by accident, and should not be there. (FORMAL)

- The patient's immune system would reject the transplanted organ as a foreign object.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. foreign
Something that is foreign to a particular person or thing is not typical of them or is unknown to them.

- The very notion of price competition is foreign to many schools.

- The whole thing is foreign to us.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ to n

foreign

adjective

alien

exotic

external

imported

remote

strange

unfamiliar

unknown

foreign body

foreign body foreign bodies
A foreign body is an object that has come into something else, usually by accident, and should not be in it. (FORMAL)

- ...a foreign body in the eye.

N-COUNT

foreigner

[D.J.:ˈfɔrinə]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrənɚ, ˈfɑr-]

n.

外国人

foreigner ***

foreigner foreigners
A foreigner is someone who belongs to a country that is not your own.

- They are discouraged from becoming close friends with foreigners.

N-COUNT

foreigner

noun

alien

immigrant

incomer

stranger

foreign exchange **

1. foreign exchange foreign exchanges
Foreign exchanges are the institutions or systems involved with changing one currency into another.

- On the foreign exchanges, the US dollar is up point forty-five.

N-PLURAL

2. foreign exchange
Foreign exchange is used to refer to foreign currency that is obtained through the foreign exchange system.

- ...an important source of foreign exchange.

- ...foreign-exchange traders.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

Foreign Office **

Foreign Office Foreign Offices
The Foreign Office is the government department, especially in Britain, which has responsibility for the government's dealings and relations with foreign governments.

- ...a Foreign Office spokesman.

N-COUNT: the N, oft N n

foreign service

foreign service
The foreign service is the government department that employs diplomats to work in foreign countries. (AM; in BRIT use diplomatic service )
N-SING: the N

foreknowledge

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈnɔlidʒ]

[K.K.:fɔrˈnɑlɪdʒ, for-, ˈfɔrˌnɑl-, ˈfor-]

n.

预知,先见之明

foreknowledge

foreknowledge
If you have foreknowledge of an event or situation, you have some knowledge of it before it actually happens.

- She has maintained that the General had foreknowledge of the plot.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

foreleg

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:ˌleg, ˈfəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌlɛɡ, ˈfor-]

n.

(兽)前腿

foreleg

foreleg forelegs
A four-legged animal's forelegs are its two front legs.
N-COUNT: usu pl

forelock

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:lɔk]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌlɑk, ˈfor-]

n.

额发,额毛

vt.

以栓、楔固定,销住

forelock

1. forelock forelocks
A forelock is a piece of hair that falls over your forehead. People often used to pull their forelocks to show respect for other people of a higher class than they were.

- He touched his forelock in mock deference.

N-COUNT

2. forelock
If you say that a person tugs their forelock to another person, you are criticizing them for showing too much respect to the second person or being unnecessarily worried about their opinions. (mainly BRIT)
PHR: V and N inflect, oft PHR to n disapproval

foreman

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:mən, ˈfəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrmən, ˈfor-]

n.

工头, 领班

foreman *

1. foreman foremen
A foreman is a person, especially a man, in charge of a group of workers.

- He still visited the dairy daily, but left most of the business details to his manager and foreman.

N-COUNT

2. foreman foremen
The foreman of a jury is the person who is chosen as their leader.

- There was applause from the public gallery as the foreman of the jury announced the verdict.

N-COUNT

foremost

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:məust]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌmost, ˈfor-]

adj.

最著名的, 最重要的; 最好的; 主要的

foremost *

1. foremost
The foremost thing or person in a group is the most important or best.

- He was one of the world's foremost scholars of ancient Indian culture.

- The military government is waging a war of words against its supposed enemies. Foremost among these are the foreign media.

ADJ

2. foremost
You use first and foremost to emphasize the most important quality of something or someone.

- It is first and foremost a trade agreement.

- I see myself, first and foremost, as a working artist.

PHR: PHR n/prep, PHR with cl, PHR after v emphasis

foremost

adjective

leading

chief

highest

paramount

pre-eminent

primary

prime

principal

supreme

forename

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:neim]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌnem, ˈfor-]

n.

名

forename

forename forenames
Your forename is your first name. Your forenames are your names other than your surname. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT: oft poss N
= first name

forenoon

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:nu:n]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌnun, ˈfor-, fɔrˈnun, for-]

n.

午前,上午

forenoon

forenoon
The forenoon is the morning. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-SING

forensic

[D.J.:fəˈrensɪk, -zɪk]

[K.K.:fəˈrɛnsɪk, -zɪk]

adj.

用于法庭的;法医的

forensic *

1. forensic
Forensic is used to describe the work of scientists who examine evidence in order to help the police solve crimes.

- They were convicted on forensic evidence alone.

- Forensic experts searched the area for clues.

- ...the use of genetic data for forensic science.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. forensic
Forensic means relating to the legal profession.

- He won admiration for his forensic skills in cross-examining ministers.

- ...a forensic psychiatrist.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. forensic
Forensics is the use of scientific techniques to solve crimes.

- ...the newest advances in forensics.

- ...federal forensics legislation.

N-UNCOUNT

foreplay

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:ˌpleɪ, ˈfəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌple, ˈfor-]

n.

性交前的爱抚,前奏,前戏

foreplay

foreplay
Foreplay is activity such as kissing and stroking when it takes place before sexual intercourse.
N-UNCOUNT

forerunner

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:ˌrʌnə]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌrʌnɚ, ˈfor-]

n.

先驱, 开路人

先兆, 前兆

forerunners

前震

forerunner *

forerunner forerunners
If you describe a person or thing as the forerunner of someone or something similar, you mean they existed before them and either influenced their development or were a sign of what was going to happen.

- ...a machine which, in some respects, was the forerunner of the modern helicopter...

- Some respiratory symptoms can be the forerunners of asthma.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= precursor

forerunner

noun

precursor

envoy

harbinger

herald

prototype

foresaw

foresee的过去式

foresee

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈsi:]

[K.K.:fɔrˈsi, for-]

vt.

预知, 预见

foreseen

foresee的过去分词

foresee **

foresee foresees foreseeing foresaw foreseen
If you foresee something, you expect and believe that it will happen.

- He did not foresee any problems.

- ...a dangerous situation which could have been foreseen...

- He could never have foreseen that one day his books would sell in millions.

VB
= predict

foresee

verb

anticipate

envisage

forecast

foretell

predict

prophesy

foreseeable

[D.J.:f ɔ:ˈsi:əbl]

[K.K.:forˈsiəb l..]

adj.

可预见到的

for/in the foreseeable future

在可以预见的未来

foreseeable *

1. foreseeable
If a future event is foreseeable , you know that it will happen or that it can happen, because it is a natural or obvious consequence of something else that you know.

- It seems to me that this crime was foreseeable and this death preventable.

- One of the principles of our legal system is that people are accountable for the foreseeable consequences of their actions.

ADJ-GRADED

2. foreseeable
If you say that something will happen for the foreseeable future , you think that it will continue to happen for a long time.

- Profit and dividend growth looks like being above average for the foreseeable future.

PHR: usu PHR after v, PHR with cl

3. foreseeable
If you say that something will happen in the foreseeable future you mean that you think it will happen fairly soon.

- So, might they finally have free elections in the foreseeable future?

PHR: usu PHR after v, PHR with cl

foreshadow

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈʃædəu]

[K.K.:fɔrˈʃædo, for-]

vt.

预示, 是…的先兆

foreshadowing

铺垫;预测

foreshadow

foreshadow foreshadows foreshadowing foreshadowed
If something foreshadows an event or situation, it suggests that it will happen.

- The disappointing sales figures foreshadow more redundancies.

- The change proposed last month was foreshadowed in the March Budget.

VB

foreshadow

verb

predict

augur

forebode

indicate

portend

prefigure

presage

promise

signal

foreshore

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:ʃɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌʃɔr, ˈforˌʃor]

n.

前滩,海滩

foreshore

foreshore foreshores
Beside the sea, a lake, or a wide river, the foreshore is the part of the shore which is between the highest and lowest points reached by the water.
N-COUNT: usu sing

foreshorten

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈʃɔ:tn, fəʊr-]

[K.K.:fɔrˈʃɔrtn.., for-]

vt.

按照透视法缩短(描绘对象)

缩短

foreshortening

透视收缩;投影缩减

foreshorten

1. foreshorten foreshortens foreshortening foreshortened
To foreshorten someone or something means to draw them, photograph them, or see them from an unusual angle so that the parts of them that are furthest away seem smaller than they really are.

- She could see herself in the reflecting lenses, which had grotesquely foreshortened her.

- ...a steeply foreshortened view.

VB

2. foreshorten foreshortens foreshortening foreshortened
To foreshorten something means to make it shorter than it would otherwise be. (LITERARY)

- She felt that her husband's unexpected promotion foreshortened his life.

- ...a foreshortened version of the opera.

VB
= shorten

foresight

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:ˌsaɪt, ˈfəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌsaɪt, ˈfor-]

n.

预见, 先见之明;深谋远虑

foresight *

foresight
Someone's foresight is their ability to see what is likely to happen in the future and to take appropriate action.

- He was later criticised for his lack of foresight.

- They had the foresight to invest in new technology.

N-UNCOUNT approval

foresight

noun

anticipation

far-sightedness

forethought

precaution

preparedness

prescience

prudence

foreskin

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:skin]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌskɪn, ˈfor-]

n.

(阴茎)包皮

foreskin

foreskin foreskins
A man's foreskin is the skin that covers the end of his penis.
N-VAR

forest

[D.J.:ˈfɔrist]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrɪst, ˈfɑr-]

n.

森林, 丛林

forest ***

1. forest forests
A forest is a large area where trees grow close together.

- Parts of the forest are still dense and inaccessible.

- ...25 million hectares of forest.

N-VAR

2. forest forests
A forest of tall or narrow objects is a group of them standing or sticking upright. (LITERARY)

- They descended from the planes into a forest of microphones and cameras.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n

forestall

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈstɔ:l, fəʊr-]

[K.K.:fɔrˈstɔl, for-]

vt.

先发制人, 预先阻止

forestall *

forestall forestalls forestalling forestalled
If you forestall someone, you realize what they are likely to do and prevent them from doing it.

- O'Leary made to open the door, but Bunbury forestalled him by laying a hand on his arm.

- Large numbers of police were in the square to forestall any demonstrations.

VB
= stop

forested

[D.J.:ˈf ɔrəstɪd]

[K.K.:ˈf ɔrəstɪd]

adj.

树木丛生的

forested

forested
A forested area is an area covered in trees growing closely together.

- The road snaked through forested mountains, past the village of San Antonio.

- ...a thickly forested valley...

- Only 8 per cent of Britain is forested.

ADJ-GRADED

forester

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:rɪstə, ˈfɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrɪstɚ, ˈfɑr-]

n.

林务员;林务官

forester

forester foresters
A forester is a person whose job is to look after the trees in a forest and to plant new ones.
N-COUNT

forestry

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:rɪstri:, ˈfɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrɪstri, ˈfɑr-]

n.

林学;造林术

forestry *

forestry
Forestry is the science or skill of growing and taking care of trees in forests, especially in order to obtain wood.
N-UNCOUNT

foretaste

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:teist]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌtest, ˈfor-]

n.

预示

foretaste

foretaste foretastes
If you describe an event as a foretaste of a future situation, you mean that it suggests to you what that future situation will be like.

- It was a foretaste of things to come.

- This is but a foretaste of what the emerging technologies will enable us to do.

N-COUNT: usu a N of n
= indication

foretell

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈtel, fəʊr-]

[K.K.:fɔrˈtɛl, for-]

vt.

预言;预示

foretold

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈtəuld]

[K.K.:fɔrˈtold, for-]

foretell的过去式及过去分词

foretell

foretell foretells foretelling foretold
If you foretell a future event, you predict that it will happen. (LITERARY)

- ...prophets who have foretold the end of the world.

VB

foretold

foretold
Foretold is the past tense and past participle of foretell .

foretell

verb

predict

forecast

forewarn

presage

prognosticate

prophesy

forethought

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:θɔ:t]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌθɔt, ˈfor-]

n.

事先的考虑[筹划]

forethought

forethought
If you act with forethought , you think carefully before you act about what will be needed, or about what the consequences will be.

- With a little forethought many accidents could be avoided.

N-UNCOUNT

forethought

noun

anticipation

far-sightedness

foresight

precaution

providence

provision

prudence

forever

[D.J.:fəˈrevə]

[K.K.:fɔrˈɛvɚ, fə-]

adv.

永远

总是, 不断地, 无休止地

forever **

1. forever
If you say that something will happen or continue forever , you mean that it will always happen or continue.

- I think that we will live together forever.

- It was great fun but we knew it wouldn't go on for ever.

- I will forever be grateful for his considerable input.

ADV: ADV with v The spelling for ever is also used

2. forever
If something has gone or changed forever , it has gone or changed completely and permanently.

- The old social order was gone forever.

- Their lives changed forever.

ADV: ADV after v The spelling for ever is also used
= for good

3. forever
If you say that something takes forever or lasts forever , you are emphasizing that it takes or lasts a very long time, or that it seems to. (INFORMAL)

- The drive seemed to take forever.

- They didn't cost anything and they lasted forever.

ADV: ADV after v The spelling for ever is also used emphasis
= ages

4. forever
If you say that someone is forever doing a particular thing, especially something which annoys or amuses you, you are emphasizing that they do it very often. (INFORMAL)

- He was forever attempting to arrange deals.

- I was forever dragging him away from the fireplace.

ADV: ADV before v-cont emphasis
= always constantly

5. forever
You use forever to emphasize that someone always has or shows the quality mentioned.

- Katherine was forever secretive.

- To this end the young child is forever watchful.

ADV: ADV adj emphasis
= ever eternally

forever

adverb

1.

evermore

always

for all time

for keeps

in perpetuity

till Doomsday

till the cows come home informal

2.

constantly

all the time

continually

endlessly

eternally

incessantly

interminably

perpetually

unremittingly

forewarn

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈwɔ:n]

[K.K.:fɔrˈwɔrn, for-]

vt.

预先警告; 事先告知

forewarning

adj.

预先警告的

forewarn

forewarn forewarns forewarning forewarned
If you forewarn someone about something, you warn them in advance that it is going to happen.

- The Macmillan Guide had forewarned me of what to expect.

VB
= alert

forewarned is forearmed : see forearmed .

forewarn

verb

caution

advise

alert

apprise

give fair warning

put on guard

tip off

foreword

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:wəd, ˈfəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrwəd, ˈfor-]

n.

前言, 序(言)

foreword

foreword forewords
The foreword to a book is an introduction by the author or by someone else.
N-COUNT: oft N to n

forfeit

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:fit]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrfɪt]

vt.

(因违反协议、犯规、受罚等)丧失, 失去

n.

丧失的东西; 没收物; 代价

adj.

丧失了的; 被没收了的

forfeit *

1. forfeit forfeits forfeiting forfeited
If you forfeit something, you lose it or are forced to give it up because you have broken a rule or done something wrong.

- He was ordered to forfeit more than £1.5m in profits.

- He argues that murderers forfeit their own right to life.

VB

2. forfeit forfeits forfeiting forfeited
If you forfeit something, you give it up willingly, especially so that you can achieve something else.

- He has forfeited a lucrative fee but feels his well-being is more important.

- Do you think that they would forfeit profit in the name of safety?

VB

3. forfeit forfeits
A forfeit is something that you have to give up because you have done something wrong.

- That is the forfeit he must pay.

N-COUNT
= penalty

forfeit

noun

1.

penalty

damages

fine

forfeiture

loss

mulct

verb

2.

lose

be deprived of

be stripped of

give up

relinquish

renounce

say goodbye to

surrender

forfeiture

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:fɪˌtʃʊə, -tʃə]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrfɪˌtʃʊr, -tʃɚ]

n.

(财产等的)没收;(权利、名誉等的)丧失

forfeiture

forfeiture forfeitures
Forfeiture is the action of forfeiting something. (LEGAL)

- ...the forfeiture of illegally obtained profits...

- Both face maximum forfeitures of about $1.2 million.

N-VAR: oft N of n

forgave

[D.J.:fəˈɡeiv]

[K.K.:fɚˈɡev, fɔr-]

forgive的过去式

forgive

[D.J.:fəˈɡiv]

[K.K.:fɚˈɡɪv, fɔr-]

vt. & vi.

原谅; 饶恕

vt.

免除

forgiven

forgive的过去分词

forgiving

[D.J.:fəˈgɪvɪŋ, fɔ:r-]

[K.K.:fɚˈɡɪvɪŋ, fɔr-]

adj.

宽大的,宽容的,仁慈的

forgivingly

adv.

宽大地,宽容地,仁慈地

forgivingly

adv.

宽大地,慈悲地

forgave

forgave
Forgave is the past tense of forgive .

forgive **

1. forgive forgives forgiving forgave forgiven
If you forgive someone who has done something bad or wrong, you stop being angry with them and no longer want to punish them.

- Hopefully she'll understand and forgive you, if she really loves you.

- She'd find a way to forgive him for the theft of the money.

- Still, for those flashes of genius, you can forgive him anything.

VB

2. forgive forgave
If you say that someone could be forgiven for doing something, you mean that they were wrong or mistaken, but not seriously, because many people would have done the same thing in those circumstances.

- Looking at the figures, you could be forgiven for thinking the recession is already over.

- If the research which enticed them to Britain is removed, they can be forgiven for feeling betrayed.

V-PASSIVE
= be excused for

3. forgive forgives forgiving forgave forgiven
Forgive is used in polite expressions and apologies like ` forgive me ' and ` forgive my ignorance ' when you are saying or doing something that might seem rude, silly, or complicated.

- Forgive me, I don't mean to insult you.

- I do hope you'll forgive me but I've got to leave.

- `Forgive my manners,' she said calmly. `I neglected to introduce myself.'

VB politeness

4. forgive forgives forgiving forgave forgiven
If an organization such as a bank forgives someone's debt, they agree not to ask for that money to be repaid.

- The American Congress has agreed to forgive Egypt's military debt.

VB

forgiving

forgiving
Someone who is forgiving is willing to forgive.

- Voters can be remarkably forgiving of presidents who fail to keep their campaign promises.

- I don't think people are in a very forgiving mood.

ADJ-GRADED

forgive

verb

excuse

absolve

acquit

condone

exonerate

let bygones be bygones

let off informal

pardon

forgiving

adjective

merciful

clement

compassionate

forbearing

lenient

magnanimous

soft-hearted

tolerant

forge

[D.J.:fɔ:dʒ]

[K.K.:fɔrdʒ, fordʒ]

vt.

锻造

伪造, 仿造

vi.

突然向前

n.

锻造车间; 铁匠铺

熔铁炉

forged

锻造的

forger

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:dʒə]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrdʒɚ]

n.

(钱、文件等的)伪造者

forging

[ˈfɔ:dʒiŋ]

n.

锻炼,伪造

forge **

1. forge forges forging forged
If one person or institution forges an agreement or relationship with another, they create it with a lot of hard work, hoping that it will be strong or lasting.

- The Prime Minister is determined to forge a good relationship with America's new leader.

- They agreed to forge closer economic ties.

- The programme aims to forge links between higher education and small businesses.

- The Community was trying to forge a common foreign and security policy.

V-RECIP
= form

2. forge forges forging forged
If you say that a person has forged something that you approve of, you mean that you admire them for having done something difficult.

- The project will help inmates forge new careers.

- Tito forged a unique model of communism after breaking with Stalin in 1948.

VB approval

3. forge forges forging forged
If someone forges something such as a banknote, a document, or a painting, they copy it or make it so that it looks genuine, in order to deceive people.

- He admitted seven charges including forging passports.

- She alleged that Taylor had forged her signature on the form.

- They used forged documents to leave the country.

VB

4. forger forgers

- ...the most prolific art forger in the country.

N-COUNT

5. forge forges
A forge is a place where someone makes metal goods and equipment by heating pieces of metal and then shaping them.

- ...the blacksmith's forge.

- ...Woodbury Blacksmith & Forge Co.

N-COUNT: oft in names

6. forge forges forging forged
If someone forges an object out of metal, they heat the metal and then hammer and bend it into the required shape.

- To forge a blade takes great skill.

VB

forge

verb

1.

create

construct

devise

fashion

form

frame

make

mould

shape

work

2.

falsify

copy

counterfeit

fake

feign

imitate

forge ahead **

forge ahead forges ahead; forging ahead; forged ahead
If you forge ahead with something, you continue with it and make a lot of progress with it.

- He again pledged to forge ahead with his plans for reform.

- The two companies forged ahead, innovating and expanding.

PHR-V

forgery

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:dʒəri]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrdʒəri, ˈfor-]

n.

伪造

伪造的文件、签名等

forgery *

1. forgery
Forgery is the crime of forging money, documents, or paintings.

- He was found guilty of forgery.

N-UNCOUNT

2. forgery forgeries
You can refer to a forged document, banknote, or painting as a forgery .

- The letter was a forgery.

N-COUNT

forgery

noun

1.

fraudulence

coining

counterfeiting

falsification

fraudulent imitation

2.

fake

counterfeit

falsification

imitation

phoney or phony informal

sham

forget

[D.J.:fəˈɡet]

[K.K.:fɚˈɡɛt, fɔr-]

vt. & vi.

忘记

不再想, 忽视

forgetting

[fəˈɡetiŋ]

n.

遗忘

forgot

[D.J.:fəˈɡɔt]

[K.K.:fɚˈɡɑt, fɔr-]

forget的过去式

forgotten

[D.J.:fəˈɡɔtn]

[K.K.:fɚˈɡɑtn, fɔr-]

forget的过去分词

forget ****

1. forget forgets forgetting forgot forgotten
If you forget something or forget how to do something, you cannot think of it or think how to do it, although you knew it or knew how to do it in the past.

- Sometimes I improvise and change the words because I forget them.

- She forgot where she left the car and it took us two days to find it.

VB
≠ remember

2. forget forgets forgetting forgot forgotten
If you forget something or forget to do it, you fail to think about it or fail to remember to do it, for example because you are thinking about other things.

- She never forgets her daddy's birthday.

- She forgot to lock her door one day and two men got in.

- Don't forget that all dogs need a supply of fresh water to drink.

- She forgot about everything but the sun and the wind and the salt spray.

VB
≠ remember

3. forget forgets forgetting forgot forgotten
If you forget something that you had intended to bring with you, you do not bring it because you did not think about it at the right time.

- Once when we were going to Paris, I forgot my passport.

VB

4. forget forgets forgetting forgot forgotten
If you forget something or someone, you deliberately put them out of your mind and do not think about them any more.

- I hope you will forget the bad experience you had today.

- I can't forget what happened.

- I found it very easy to forget about Sumner.

- She tried to forget that sometimes she heard them quarrelling.

VB

5. forget forgets forgetting forgot forgotten
If you forget yourself, you behave in an uncontrolled or unacceptable way, which is not the way in which you usually behave.

- He was so fascinated by her beauty that he forgot himself and leaned across to touch her.

VB

6. forget
You say ` Forget it ' in reply to someone as a way of telling them not to worry or bother about something, or as an emphatic way of saying no to a suggestion. (SPOKEN)

- `Sorry, Liz. I think I was a bit rude to you.' --- `Forget it, but don't do it again!'.

- `You want more?' roared Claire. `Forget it, honey.'

CONVENTION formulae

7. forget
You say not forgetting a particular thing or person when you want to include them in something that you have already talked about.

- The first thing is to support as many shows as one can, not forgetting the small local ones.

PHR: PHR n

forgot

Forgot is the past tense of forget .

forgotten

Forgotten is the past participle of forget .

forget

verb

neglect

leave behind

lose sight of

omit

overlook

forgotten

adjective

left behind

bygone

lost

omitted

past

past recall

unremembered

forgetful

[D.J.:fəˈgetfəl, fɔ:r-]

[K.K.:fɚˈɡɛtfəl, fɔr-]

adj.

健忘的;好忘事的

<正>疏忽的;不经心的

forgetfully

adv.

forgetfulness

n.

forgetfully

adv.

不注意地,健忘地

forgetfulness

健忘

forgetful

1. forgetful
Someone who is forgetful often forgets things.

- My mother has become very forgetful and confused recently.

ADJ-GRADED
= absent-minded

2. forgetfulness

- Her forgetfulness is due to advancing age.

N-UNCOUNT

forgetful

adjective

absent-minded

careless

inattentive

neglectful

oblivious

unmindful

vague

forget-me-not

[D.J.:fəˈɡetminɔt]

[K.K.:fɚˈɡɛtmiˌnɑt, fɔr-]

n.

勿忘草

forget-me-not

forget-me-not forget-me-nots
A forget-me-not is a small plant with tiny blue flowers.
N-COUNT

forgettable

[D.J.:fəˈɡetəbl]

[K.K.:fɚˈɡɛtəbəl, fɔr-]

adj.

容易被忘的,可忘记的

forgettable

forgettable
If you describe something or someone as forgettable , you mean that they do not have any qualities that make them special, unusual, or interesting.

- He has acted in three forgettable action films.

- He was average height, average build, with mousy hair and a forgettable face.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unforgettable

forgivable

[fəˈɡivəb(ə)l]

adj.

可宽恕的

forgivable

forgivable
If you say that something bad is forgivable , you mean that you can understand it and can forgive it in the circumstances.

- His sense of humour makes all else forgivable.

- This was a blunder by Mr Baker, but it was a forgivable one.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unforgivable

forgiveness

[D.J.:fəˈgɪvnɪs, fɔ:r-]

[K.K.:fɚˈɡɪvnɪs, fɔr-]

n.

原谅,宽恕,饶恕

forgiveness *

forgiveness
If you ask for forgiveness , you ask to be forgiven for something wrong that you have done.

- I offered up a short prayer for forgiveness.

- ...a spirit of forgiveness and national reconciliation.

N-UNCOUNT

forgiveness

noun

pardon

absolution

acquittal

amnesty

exoneration

mercy

remission

fork

[D.J.:fɔ:k]

[K.K.:fɔrk]

n.

餐叉

耙子, 叉

(道路或河流的)分岔处

vi.

分叉

vt.

走岔路

叉; 耙

forked

[D.J.:fɔ:kt]

[K.K.:fɔrkt, ˈfɔrkɪd]

adj.

叉状的, 有叉的

forking

[ˈfɔ:kiŋ]

n.

分叉,分支;河流分叉作用

fork **

1. fork forks
A fork is a tool used for eating food which has a row of three or four long metal points at the end.

- ...knives and forks.

N-COUNT

2. fork forks forking forked
If you fork food into your mouth or onto a plate, you put it there using a fork.

- Ann forked some fish into her mouth.

- He forked an egg onto a piece of bread and folded it into a sandwich.

VB

3. fork forks
A garden fork is a tool used for breaking up soil which has a row of three or four long metal points at the end.
N-COUNT

4. fork forks forking forked
If you fork something such as manure or hay, you move it from one place to another using a large garden fork.

- They started me off in the gardens as a handyman. Digging, forking manure, that kind of thing.

- Farmers cut the hay, fork it on to a cart and then store it in barns.

VB

5. fork forks
A fork in a road, path, or river is a point at which it divides into two parts and forms a `Y' shape.

- We arrived at a fork in the road.

- The road divides; you should take the right fork.

- ...the fork of the Delaware and Lehigh rivers.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

6. fork forks forked
If a road, path, or river forks , it forms a fork.

- Beyond the village the road forked.

- The path dipped down to a sort of cove, and then it forked in two directions.

VB: no cont

7. fork forks forking forked
If you fork in a particular direction when you are travelling along a road or path, you choose one of the forks in it and travel down it.

- Just before the town boundary fork left onto a minor road.

VB

forked

forked
Something that divides into two parts and forms a `Y' shape can be described as forked .

- Jaegers are swift black birds with long forked tails.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

fork

verb

branch

bifurcate

diverge

divide

part

split

forked

adjective

branching

angled

bifurcate(d)

branched

divided

pronged

split

zigzag

fork out **

fork out forks out; forking out; forked out
If you fork out for something, you spend a lot of money on it. (INFORMAL)

- He will have to fork out for private school fees for Nina.

- You don't ask people to fork out every time they drive up the motorways.

- Britons fork out more than a billion pounds a year on toys.

PHR-V

forked lightning

forked lightning
Forked lightning is lightning that divides into two or more parts near the ground.
N-UNCOUNT

forkful

[ˈfɔ:kful]

n.

一叉的量

forkful

forkful forkfuls
You can refer to an amount of food on a fork as a forkful of food.

- I put a forkful of fillet steak in my mouth.

- He lingered over the chocolate cake, letting each forkful slowly dissolve in his mouth.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

forklift truck

forklift truck forklift trucks
A forklift truck or a forklift is a small vehicle with two movable parts on the front that are used to lift heavy loads.
N-COUNT (BRIT) also fork-lift truck

forlorn

[D.J.:fəˈlɔ:n, fɔ:r-]

[K.K.:fɚˈlɔrn, fɔr-]

adj.

孤立无助的,凄凉的,被遗弃的

被弃置的,荒凉的

forlorn *

1. forlorn
If someone is forlorn , they feel alone and unhappy. (LITERARY)

- One of the demonstrators, a young woman, sat forlorn on the pavement.

- He looked a forlorn figure as he limped off after 26 minutes.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n, v-link ADJ, ADJ after v

2. forlornly

- A Dutch newspaper photographed the president waiting forlornly in the rain.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. forlorn
If a place is forlorn , it is deserted and not cared for, or has little in it. (LITERARY)

- They headed inland on a forlorn road that was rutted and pocked.

- The once glorious palaces stood empty and forlorn.

ADJ-GRADED
= desolate

4. forlornly

- It is stranded somewhat forlornly in the middle of the plain.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. forlorn
A forlorn hope or attempt is one that you think has no chance of success.

- Peasants have left the land in the forlorn hope of finding a better life in cities.

- ...a forlorn effort to keep from losing my mind.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

6. forlornly

- His father forlornly hoped someone might have seen them.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

forlorn

adjective

miserable

disconsolate

down in the dumps informal

helpless

hopeless

pathetic

pitiful

unhappy

woebegone

wretched

form

[D.J.:fɔ:m]

[K.K.:fɔrm]

n.

组成, 结构, 形式; 种类, 体制

人[物]的形状, 样子

需填写的表格

音乐和文学作品的形式, 体裁

vt. & vi.

形成, 构成, 产生

vt.

塑造, 养成

组织, 成立

formed

成形的;成形加工的

forming

[ˈfɔ:miŋ]

n.

形成,组成,构成;编成

forms

窗体

form *****

1. form forms
A form of something is a type or kind of it.

- He contracted a rare form of cancer.

- Doctors are willing to take some form of industrial action.

- I am against hunting in any form.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

2. form forms
When something can exist or happen in several possible ways, you can use form to refer to one particular way in which it exists or happens.

- Valleys often take the form of deep canyons.

- They received a benefit in the form of a tax reduction.

- In its present form, the law could lead to new injustices.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

3. form forms forming formed
When a particular shape forms or is formed , people or things move or are arranged so that this shape is made.

- A queue forms outside Peter's study.

- They formed a circle and sang `Auld Lang Syne'.

- The General gave orders for the cadets to form into lines.

V-ERG

4. form forms
The form of something is its shape.

- ...the form of the body.

N-COUNT: with supp

5. form forms
You can refer to something that you can see as a form if you cannot see it clearly, or if its outline is the clearest or most striking aspect of it.

- She thought she'd never been so glad to see his bulky form.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

6. form forms forming formed
If something is arranged or changed so that it becomes similar to a thing with a particular structure or function, you can say that it forms that thing.

- These panels folded up to form a screen some five feet tall.

- All the buildings have names and form a half circle.

VB

7. form forms forming formed
If something consists of particular things, people, or features, you can say that they form that thing.

- ...the articles that formed the basis of Randolph's book...

- Cereals form the staple diet of an enormous number of people around the world.

VB

8. form forms forming formed
If you form an organization, group, or company, you start it.

- They tried to form a study group on human rights.

- They formed themselves into teams.

VB

9. form forms forming formed
When something natural forms or is formed , it begins to exist and develop.

- The stars must have formed 10 to 15 billion years ago.

- Huge ice sheets were formed.

V-ERG

10. form forms forming formed
If you form a relationship, a habit, or an idea, or if it forms , it begins to exist and develop.

- This should help him form a relationship with me.

- She had formed the habit of giving herself freely to men.

- An idea formed in his mind.

V-ERG

11. form forms forming formed
If you say that something forms a person's character or personality, you mean that it has a strong influence on them and causes them to develop in a particular way.

- Anger at injustice formed his character.

VB
= mould

12. form
In sport, form refers to the ability or success of a person or animal over a period of time.

- His form this season has been brilliant.

- Leconte showed good form.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

13. form forms
A form is a paper with questions on it and spaces marked where you should write the answers. Forms usually ask you to give details about yourself, for example when you are applying for a job or joining an organization.

- You will be asked to fill in a form with details of your birth and occupation.

- ...application forms.

N-COUNT

14. form
If you say that it is bad form to behave in a particular way, you mean that it is rude and impolite. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- It was thought bad form to discuss business on social occasions.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR

15. form
If you say that someone is in good form , you mean that they seem healthy and cheerful. (BRIT)
PHR: v-link PHR

16. form
If you say that someone is off form , you think they are not performing as well as they usually do. (BRIT)
PHR: v-link PHR
= below par

17. form
If you say that someone is on form , you think that they are performing their usual activity very well. (BRIT)

- Robert Redford is back on form in his new movie `Sneakers'.

PHR: v-link PHR

18. form
When something takes form , it develops or begins to be visible.

- As plans took form in her mind, she realized the need for an accomplice.

- The face of Mrs Lisbon took form in the dimness.

PHR: V inflects

19. form
If someone or something behaves true to form , they do what is expected and is typical of them.

- Before the train had left the outskirts of London he behaved true to form and began a conversation.

- My luck was running true to form.

- True to form, she kept her guests waiting for more than 90 minutes.

PHR: v PHR, PHR with cl

form

noun

1.

shape

appearance

configuration

formation

pattern

structure

2.

type

kind

sort

style

variety

3.

condition

fettle

fitness

health

shape

trim

4.

procedure

convention

custom

etiquette

protocol

5.

document

application

paper

sheet

6.

class

grade

rank

verb

7.

make

build

construct

create

fashion

forge

mould

produce

shape

8.

arrange

combine

draw up

organize

9.

take shape

appear

become visible

come into being

crystallize

grow

materialize

rise

10.

develop

acquire

contract

cultivate

pick up

11.

constitute

compose

comprise

make up

formal

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:məl]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrməl]

adj.

正式的

礼仪上的, 形式上的

formality

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈmælɪti:]

[K.K.:fɔrˈmælɪti]

n.

拘泥形式, 拘谨;遵守礼节

正式手续

形式上的措施

formally

[D.J.:ˈf ɔ:məlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈf ɔrm l..ɪ]

adv.

正式地;正规地

拘泥形式地;形式上

formal ****

1. formal
Formal speech or behaviour is very correct and serious rather than relaxed and friendly, and is used especially in official situations.

- He wrote a very formal letter of apology to Douglas.

- Business relationships are necessarily a bit more formal.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ informal

2. formally

- He took her back to Vincent Square in a taxi, saying goodnight formally on the doorstep.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. formality

- Lillith's formality and seriousness amused him.

N-UNCOUNT

4. formal
A formal action, statement, or request is an official one.

- The European Community began formal talks on enlargement.

- No formal announcement had been made.

- ...a formal application.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ informal

5. formally

- Diplomats haven't formally agreed to Anderson's plan.

- They are now formally separated and they will continue to lead their own lives.

ADV: ADV with v

6. formal
Formal occasions are special occasions at which people wear smart clothes and behave according to a set of accepted rules.

- One evening the film company arranged a formal dinner after the play.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ informal

7. formal formals
Also a noun.

- ...a wide array of events, including school formals and speech nights, weddings, and balls.

N-COUNT

8. formal
Formal clothes are very smart clothes that are suitable for formal occasions.

- They wore ordinary ties instead of the more formal high collar and cravat.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
≠ informal casual

9. formally

- It was really too warm for her to dress so formally.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

10. formal
Something that is done, written, or studied in a formal way has a very ordered, organized method or style.

- This does not encourage the child to analyse the environment in a formal way.

- Classic Greek drama was written in verse, usually in an elevated and formal style.

- ...a formal methodology.

ADJ-GRADED

11. formal
Formal education or training is given officially, usually in a school, college, or university.

- Although his formal education stopped after primary school, he was an avid reader.

- Leroy didn't have any formal dance training.

ADJ: ADJ n

12. formally

- Mr Dawe was the ancient, formally trained head gardener.

ADV: ADV -ed

13. formal
A formal garden or room is arranged in a very regular and controlled way, especially according to certain rules of design.

- ...a formal herb garden...

- The Coronata wallpaper lends a formal air to the dining room.

ADJ
≠ informal

formality *

1. formality formalities
If you say that an action or procedure is just a formality , you mean that it is done only because it is normally done, and that it will not have any real effect on the situation.

- Ingrid considered her marriage to Roberto not a mere formality but a sanctification of their relationship.

N-COUNT

2. formality formalities
Formalities are formal actions or procedures that are carried out as part of a particular activity or event.

- They are whisked through the immigration and customs formalities in a matter of minutes.

N-COUNT: usu pl

formal

adjective

1.

official

ceremonial

ritualistic

solemn

2.

conventional

affected

correct

precise

stiff

unbending

formality

noun

1.

convention

custom

procedure

red tape

rite

ritual

2.

correctness

decorum

etiquette

protocol

formaldehyde

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈmældəˌhaɪd]

[K.K.:fɔrˈmældəˌhaɪd]

n.

甲醛

formaldehyde

formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is a strong-smelling gas, used especially to preserve parts of animals or plants for biological study.
N-UNCOUNT

formalism

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:məlizəm]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrməˌlɪzəm]

n.

(艺术、宗教等方面的)形式主义

adj.

形式主义的

formalist

[ˈfɔ:məlaiz]

n.

形式主义者

adj.

形式主义的

formalism

1. formalism
Formalism is a style, especially in art, in which great attention is paid to the outward form or appearance rather than to the inner reality or significance of things.

- ...the rigid formalism of classical ballet.

N-UNCOUNT

2. formalist

- ...art based on formalist principles.

ADJ: ADJ n

formalization

[ˌfɔ:məlaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

形式化,礼仪化

formalize

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:məlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrməˌlaɪz]

vt.

使(协议、计划等)成书面文字形式

使成为正式; 使具有一定形式

formalize *

1. formalize formalizes formalizing formalized
If you formalize a plan, idea, arrangement, or system, you make it formal and official.

- A recent treaty signed by Russia, Canada and Japan formalized an agreement to work together to stop the pirates.

- She feels the time has come to formalise her relationship with Tempelsman.

VB (BRIT) also formalise

2. formalization formalizations

- The formalization of co-operation between the republics would produce progress.

N-VAR: oft N of n

format

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:mæt]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrˌmæt]

vt.

使格式化, 编排格式

n.

设计, 安排

格式, 样式, 版式

format **

1. format formats
The format of something is the way or order in which it is arranged and presented.

- I had met with him to explain the format of the programme and what we had in mind.

- ...a large-format book.

N-COUNT

2. format formats
The format of a piece of computer software or a musical recording is the type of equipment on which it is designed to be used or played. For example, possible formats for a musical recording are record, CD, and cassette.

- His latest album is available on all formats.

N-COUNT

3. format
To format a computer disk means to run a program so that the disk can be written on.
VERB: V n

format

noun

style

appearance

arrangement

construction

form

layout

look

make-up

plan

type

formation

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈmeiʃən]

[K.K.:fɔrˈmeʃən]

n.

形成, 构成

形成物

编队, 排列

formation **

1. formation
The formation of something is the starting or creation of it.

- ...with time running out for the formation of a new government.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, usu the N of n
= creation

2. formation
The formation of an idea, habit, relationship, or character is the process of developing and establishing it.

- My profession had an important influence in the formation of my character and temperament.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp
= development

3. formation formations
If people or things are in formation , they are arranged in a particular pattern as they move.

- He was flying in formation with seven other jets.

- They saw a squadron of fifteen motorcycle policemen driving in V-formation.

- The dancers step into a formation which represents the human being.

N-COUNT: also a N, usu in N

4. formation formations
A rock or cloud formation is rock or cloud of a particular shape or structure.

- ...a vast rock formation shaped like a pillar...

- Enormous cloud formations formed a purple mass.

N-COUNT: n N

formation

noun

1.

establishment

constitution

development

forming

generation

genesis

manufacture

production

2.

pattern

arrangement

configuration

design

grouping

structure

formative

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:mətɪv]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrmətɪv]

adj.

(影响)形成〔构成, 发展〕的

formative *

formative
A formative period of time or experience is one that has an important and lasting influence on a person's character and attitudes.

- She was born in Barbados but spent her formative years growing up in east London.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

formative

adjective

developmental

influential

former

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:mə]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrmɚ]

adj.

过去的, 在前的, 以前的

former *****

1. former
Former is used to describe someone who used to have a particular job, position, or role, but no longer has it.

- The unemployed executives include former sales managers, directors and accountants.

- ...former President Richard Nixon...

- He pleaded not guilty to murdering his former wife.

ADJ: ADJ n
= ex-

2. former
Former is used to refer to countries which no longer exist or whose boundaries have changed.

- ...the former Soviet Union.

- ...the former Yugoslavia.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. former
Former is used to describe something which used to belong to someone or which used to be a particular thing.

- ...the former home of Sir Christopher Wren.

- ...a former monastery.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. former
Former is used to describe a situation or period of time which came before the present one. (FORMAL)

- He would want you to remember him as he was in former years.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. former
When two people, things, or groups have just been mentioned, you can refer to the first of them as the former .

- Given the choice between a pure white T-shirt and a more expensive, dirty cream one, most people can be forgiven for choosing the former.

- If the family home and joint pension rights are of equal value, the wife may choose the former and the husband the latter.

PRON: the PRON
≠ latter

former

adjective

previous

earlier

erstwhile

one-time

prior

formerly

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:məli:]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrməli]

adv.

以前;从前

formerly **

formerly
If something happened or was true formerly , it happened or was true in the past.

- He had formerly been in the Navy.

- ...east Germany's formerly state-controlled companies.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV before v

formerly

adverb

previously

at one time

before

lately

once

Formica

[fɔ:ˈmaikə]

n.

福米卡家具塑料贴面（商标名称）

Formica

Formica
Formica is a hard plastic that is used for covering surfaces such as kitchen tables or counters. (TRADEMARK)
N-UNCOUNT

formidable

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:midəbl]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrmɪdəbəl]

adj.

可怕的, 令人畏惧的

令人惊叹[钦佩]的

难以克服[对付]的

formidably

adv.

可怕地,难对付地,强大地

formidable **

1. formidable
If you describe something or someone as formidable , you mean that you feel slightly frightened by them because they are very great or impressive.

- We have a formidable task ahead of us.

- Marsalis has a formidable reputation in both jazz and classical music.

- She looked every bit as formidable as her mother.

ADJ-GRADED
= daunting

2. formidably

- Sofia was attractive and formidably intelligent.

ADV: ADV adj

formidable

adjective

1.

intimidating

daunting

dismaying

fearful

frightful

menacing

terrifying

threatening

2.

impressive

awesome

great

mighty

powerful

redoubtable

terrific

tremendous

formless

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:mlis]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrmlɪs]

adj.

无定形的,没有形状的,形体不明的

formless

formless
Something that is formless does not have a clear or definite structure or shape.

- A series of largely formless images rushed across the screen.

ADJ
= amorphous

formula

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:mjulə]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrmjələ]

n.

准则, 原则

公式, 方程式

配方

formulae

公式,规则,客套语(formula的复数)

formula ***

1. formula formulae or formulas
A formula is a plan that is invented in order to deal with a particular problem.

- It is difficult to imagine how the North and South could ever agree on a formula to unify the divided peninsula.

- ...a peace formula.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. formula
A formula for a particular situation, usually a good one, is a course of action or a combination of actions that is certain or likely to result in that situation.

- After he was officially pronounced the world's oldest man, he offered this simple formula for a long and happy life.

- Clever exploitation of the latest technology would be a sure formula for success.

- Socialism does not after all offer a magic formula for prosperity and human dignity.

N-SING: N for n
= recipe

3. formula formulae or formulas
A formula is a group of letters, numbers, or other symbols which represents a scientific or mathematical rule.

- He developed a mathematical formula describing the distances of the planets from the Sun.

N-COUNT

4. formula formulae or formulas
In science, the formula for a substance is a list of the amounts of various substances which make up that substance, or an indication of the atoms that it is composed of.
N-COUNT

5. formula
Formula is used followed by a number to indicate a particular type of racing car or something relating to that type of car.

- ...Formula 1 racing cars.

- ...Formula 3000 racing.

N-UNCOUNT: N num

6. formula
Formula is a powder which you mix with water to make artificial milk for babies.

- ...bottles of formula.

N-UNCOUNT

formula

noun

method

blueprint

precept

principle

procedure

recipe

rule

formulaic

[ˈfɔ:mjuˈleiik]

adj.

(根据)公式的,用俗套话堆砌成的,刻板的

formulaic

formulaic
If you describe a way of saying or doing something as formulaic , you are criticizing it because it is not original and has been used many times before in similar situations.

- His paintings are contrived and formulaic.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ original

formulate

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:mjuleit]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrmjəˌlet]

vt.

构想出, 规划

确切地阐述

formulating

[ˈfɔ:mjuleitiŋ]

明确地叙述

formulate **

1. formulate formulates formulating formulated
If you formulate something such as a plan or proposal, you invent it, thinking about the details carefully.

- Little by little, he formulated his plan for escape.

VB
= devise

2. formulate formulates formulating formulated
If you formulate a thought, opinion, or idea, you express it or describe it using particular words.

- I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas.

VB
= express

formulate

verb

1.

define

detail

express

frame

give form to

set down

specify

systematize

2.

devise

develop

forge

invent

map out

originate

plan

work out

formulation

[D.J.:ˌf ɔ:mjʊˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌf ɔrmjəˈleʃən]

n.

公式化(的表述)

规划;构想

formulation *

1. formulation formulations
The formulation of something such as a medicine or a beauty product is the way in which different ingredients are combined to make it. You can also say that the finished product is a formulation .

- There have been problems with the formulation of the vaccine.

- You can buy a formulation containing royal jelly, pollen and vitamin C.

N-VAR
= formula

2. formulation
The formulation of something such as a policy or plan is the process of creating or inventing it.

- ...the process of policy formulation and implementation.

N-UNCOUNT

3. formulation formulations
A formulation is the way in which you express your thoughts and ideas.

- This is a far weaker formulation than is in the draft resolution which is being proposed.

N-VAR
= form of words

fornicate

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:nɪˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrnɪˌket]

vi.

私通

fornication

n.

fornicator

n.

fornication

[D.J.:ˌfɔ:niˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌfɔrnɪˈkeʃən]

n.

通奸,乱伦

fornicator

n.

私通者

fornicate

1. fornicate fornicates fornicating fornicated
To fornicate means to have sex with someone you are not married to. (FORMAL)
V-RECIP: pl-n V, V with n, V (non-recip) disapproval

2. fornication

- Fornication is a crime in some American states.

N-UNCOUNT

forsake

[D.J.:fəˈseik]

[K.K.:fɔrˈsek, fə-]

vt.

放弃, 弃绝, 遗弃

forsaken

[fəˈseikən]

adj.

被弃的,孤独的,被抛弃的

forsook

[fəˈsuk]

forsake的过去式

forsake *

1. forsake forsakes forsaking forsook forsaken
If you forsake someone, you leave them when you should have stayed, or stop helping them or looking after them. (LITERARY)

- I still love him and I would never forsake him.

- ...children who've been forsaken by individual teachers...

- I don't want him to feel forsaken and unhappy.

VB disapproval

2. forsake forsakes forsaking forsook forsaken
If you forsake something, you stop doing it, using it, or having it. (LITERARY)

- He doubted their claim to have forsaken military solutions to the civil war.

- But that didn't make her forsake her ideals.

- She forsook her notebook for new technology.

VB

3. forsake forsakes forsaking forsook forsaken
If you forsake a place or a thing, you leave it or go away from it. (LITERARY)

- At 53 he has no plans to forsake the hills.

VB

forsaken

forsaken
A forsaken place is not lived in, used, or looked after. (LITERARY)

- The delta region of the Rio Grande river was a forsaken land of thickets and swamps.

- ...a forsaken church and a derelict hotel.

ADJ: ADJ n

forsake

verb

1.

desert

abandon

disown

leave in the lurch

strand

2.

give up

forgo

relinquish

renounce

set aside

surrender

yield

forsaken

adjective

deserted

abandoned

disowned

forlorn

left in the lurch

marooned

outcast

stranded

forswear

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈsweə, fəʊr-]

[K.K.:fɔrˈswɛr, for-]

vt.

发誓抛弃,坚决放弃

发伪誓,作伪证

forswore

forswear的过去式

forsworn

[fɔ:ˈswɔ:n]

adj.

不守誓言的,伪誓的

forswear的过去分词

forswear

forswear forswears forswearing forswore forsworn
If you forswear something, you promise that you will stop doing it, having it, or using it. (FORMAL or LITERARY)

- The party was offered a share of government if it forswore violence.

VB
= renounce

forsythia

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈsaiθjə]

[K.K.:fɔrˈsɪθiə, -ˈsaɪθiə, fə-]

n.

连翘属植物

forsythia

forsythia forsythias
Forsythia is a bush whose yellow flowers appear in the spring before the leaves have grown.
N-VAR

fort

[D.J.:fɔ:t]

[K.K.:fɔrt, fort]

n.

堡垒, 城堡

fort **

1. fort forts
A fort is a strong building or a place with a wall or fence around it where soldiers can stay and be safe from the enemy.
N-COUNT: oft in names

2. fort
If you hold the fort for someone, or, in American English, if you hold down the fort , you look after things for them while they are somewhere else or are busy doing something else.

- His business partner is holding the fort while he is away.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR for n

fort

noun

1.

fortress

blockhouse

camp

castle

citadel

fortification

garrison

stronghold

hold the fort

2.

stand in

carry on

keep things on an even keel

take over the reins

forte

[D.J.:fɔ:t, fəʊrt, ˈfɔ:ˌteɪ]

[K.K.:fɔrt, fort, ˈfɔrˌte]

n.

特长,专长;强项

forte

1. forte fortes
You can say that a particular activity is your forte if you are very good at it.

- Originality was never his forte.

N-COUNT: usu sing, poss N
= strong point

2. forte
A piece of music that is played forte is played loudly. (TECHNICAL)
ADV: ADV after v

forte

noun

speciality

gift

long suit informal

m´etier

strength

strong point

talent

forth

[D.J.:fɔ:θ]

[K.K.:fɔrθ, forθ]

adv.

向前, 往外

forth ***

(In addition to the uses shown below, forth is also used in the phrasal verbs `put forth' and `set forth'.)

1. forth
When someone goes forth from a place, they leave it. (LITERARY)

- Go forth into the desert.

- I came forth to take the air.

ADV: ADV after v
= out

2. forth
If one thing brings forth another, the first thing produces the second. (LITERARY)

- Nature herself brings forth new forms of life.

- My reflections brought forth no conclusion.

ADV: ADV after v

3. forth
When someone or something is brought forth , they are brought to a place or moved into a position where people can see them. (LITERARY)

- Pilate ordered Jesus to be brought forth.

- He brought forth a small gold amulet from beneath his robe.

ADV: ADV after v
= out

forth

adverb

forward

ahead

away

onward

out

outward

forthcoming

[D.J.:fɔ:θˈkʌmiŋ]

[K.K.:fɔrθˈkʌmɪŋ, forθ-]

adj.

即将到来的

现成的, 唾手可得的

forthcoming **

1. forthcoming
A forthcoming event is planned to happen soon.

- ...his opponents in the forthcoming elections.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. forthcoming
If something that you want, need, or expect is forthcoming , it is given to you or it happens. (FORMAL)

- They promised that the money would be forthcoming.

- We must first see some real evidence. So far it has not been forthcoming.

- One source predicts no major shift in policy will be forthcoming at the committee hearings.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

3. forthcoming
If you say that someone is forthcoming , you mean that they willingly give information when you ask them.
ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

forthcoming

adjective

1.

approaching

coming

expected

future

imminent

impending

prospective

upcoming

2.

accessible

at hand

available

in evidence

obtainable

on tap informal

ready

3.

communicative

chatty

expansive

free

informative

open

sociable

talkative

unreserved

forthright

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:θrait]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrθˌraɪt, ˈforθ-]

adj.

直率的, 直截了当的; 明确的

forthright *

forthright
If you describe someone as forthright , you admire them because they show clearly and strongly what they think and feel.
ADJ-GRADED approval
= direct

forthright

adjective

outspoken

blunt

candid

direct

frank

open

plain-spoken

straightforward

upfront informal

forthwith

[D.J.:fɔ:θˈwɪð, -ˈwɪθ, fəʊrθ-]

[K.K.:fɔrθˈwɪð, -ˈwɪθ, forθ-]

adv.

即刻,毫不拖延地

forthwith

forthwith
Forthwith means immediately. (FORMAL)

- I could have you arrested forthwith!

ADV: ADV with v
= immediately

forthwith

adverb

at once

directly

immediately

instantly

quickly

right away

straightaway

without delay

fortieth

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:tiiθ]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrtiɪθ]

num.

第四十

fortieth ****

fortieth
The fortieth item in a series is the one that you count as number forty.
ORD

fortification

[D.J.:ˌfɔ:təfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌfɔrtəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

筑垒,设防

防御工事

fortifications

防御工事

fortified

adj.

加强的

fortify

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:tifai]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrtəˌfaɪ]

vt.

筑防御工事于; 筑堡于

增强; 强化(食品)

fortification

fortification fortifications
Fortifications are buildings, walls, or ditches that are built to protect a place and make it more difficult to attack.

- The government has started building fortifications along its eastern border.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= defence

See also fortify .

fortify *

1. fortify fortifies fortifying fortified
To fortify a place means to make it stronger and more difficult to attack, often by building a wall or ditch round it.

- ...British soldiers working to fortify an airbase in Bahrain.

VB

2. fortified

- He remains barricaded inside his heavily-fortified mansion.

- ...fortified castles and villages.

ADJ-GRADED

3. fortify fortifies fortifying fortified
If food or drink is fortified , another substance is added to it to make it healthier or stronger.

- It has also been fortified with vitamin C.

- All sherry is made from wine fortified with brandy.

- ...fortified cereal products.

VB: usu passive

4. fortification

- In some countries, iron fortification of foods is carried out to reduce iron deficiency.

N-UNCOUNT

5. fortify fortifies fortifying fortified
If you are fortified by something such as food, drink, or an idea, it makes you feel more cheerful, determined, or energetic.

- The volunteers were fortified by their patriotic belief.

- They will be laying on liquid refreshment to fortify brides-to-be for the shopping extravaganza ahead.

- Would you care for some tea, or even a light meal, to fortify yourself before your adventure?.

- They drove on fortified with still more Scotch.

VB
= sustain

6. fortify fortifies fortifying fortified
To fortify something means to make it more powerful and more likely to succeed. (FORMAL)

- His declared agenda is to raise standards in schools, fortify parent power and decentralise control.

VB
= strengthen

fortification

noun

1.

defence

bastion

fastness

fort

fortress

protection

stronghold

2.

strengthening

reinforcement

fortify

verb

strengthen

augment

buttress

protect

reinforce

shore up

support

fortified wine

fortified wine fortified wines
Fortified wine is an alcoholic drink such as sherry or port that is made by mixing wine with a small amount of brandy or strong alcohol.
N-MASS

fortissimo

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈtisiməu]

[K.K.:fɔrˈtɪsəˌmo]

adj.

非常嘹亮的,最强音的

adv.

非常响亮地

fortissimo

fortissimo
A piece of music that is played fortissimo is played very loudly. (TECHNICAL)
ADV: ADV after v

fortitude

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:tɪˌtu:d, -ˌtju:d]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrtɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

坚韧, 刚毅

fortitude

fortitude
If you say that someone has shown fortitude , you admire them for being brave, calm, and uncomplaining when they have experienced something unpleasant or painful. (FORMAL)

- He suffered a long series of illnesses with tremendous dignity and fortitude.

N-UNCOUNT approval
= courage grit

fortitude

noun

courage

backbone

bravery

fearlessness

grit

perseverance

resolution

strength

valour

fortnight

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:tnait]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrtˌnaɪt]

n.

两星期, 十四天

fortnight **

fortnight fortnights
A fortnight is a period of two weeks. (mainly BRIT)

- I hope to be back in a fortnight.

N-COUNT

fortnightly

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:tˌnaɪtli:]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrtˌnaɪtli]

adj. & adv.

<英>两星期(发生、出现)一次的〔地〕,每两周的〔地〕

fortnightly

1. fortnightly
A fortnightly event or publication happens or appears once every two weeks. (BRIT; in AM use biweekly )

- They are now holding their fortnightly meetings at The New Invention Victory Club.

- ...an exciting new fortnightly magazine.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. fortnightly
Also an adverb.

- They recently put my rent up and I pay it fortnightly.

- ...Overseas Jobs Express, published fortnightly.

ADV: ADV after v

fortress

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:tris]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrtrɪs]

n.

堡垒, 要塞

fortress *

fortress fortresses
A fortress is a castle or other large strong building, or a well-protected place, which is intended to be difficult for enemies to enter.

- ...a 13th-century fortress.

N-COUNT
= stronghold

fortress

noun

castle

citadel

fastness

fort

redoubt

stronghold

fortuitous

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈtu:ɪtəs, -ˈtju:-]

[K.K.:fɔrˈtuɪtəs, -ˈtju-]

adj.

偶然发生的,偶然的

fortuitously

adv.

fortuitousness

n.

fortuitous

fortuitous
You can describe something as fortuitous if it happens, by chance, to be very successful or pleasant.

- Their success is the result of a fortuitous combination of circumstances.

ADJ-GRADED
= lucky

fortunate

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:tʃənit]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrtʃənɪt]

adj.

交好运的, 带来好运的; 幸运的

fortunate **

fortunate
If you say that someone or something is fortunate , you mean that they are lucky.

- He was extremely fortunate to survive.

- Central London is fortunate in having so many large parks and open spaces.

- It was fortunate that the water was shallow.

- She is in the fortunate position of having plenty of choice.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf, ADJ in -ing, it v-link ADJ that

fortunate

adjective

1.

lucky

favoured

in luck

jammy Brit. slang

successful

well-off

2.

favourable

advantageous

convenient

expedient

felicitous

fortuitous

helpful

opportune

providential

timely

fortunately

[ˈfɔ:tʃənitli]

adv.

幸运地; 幸亏

fortunately **

fortunately
Fortunately is used to introduce or indicate a statement about an event or situation that is good.

- Fortunately, the weather that winter was reasonably mild.

- Fortunately for me, my friend saw that something was seriously wrong.

- Bombs had hit the building a number of times but fortunately no one was hurt.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl, oft ADV for n
= luckily

fortunately

adverb

luckily

by a happy chance

by good luck

happily

providentially

fortune

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:tʃən]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrtʃən]

n.

机会, 运气, 转机

前途; 命运

事情, 转变

庞大的财富, 财产

fortune ***

1. fortune fortunes
You can refer to a large sum of money as a fortune or a small fortune to emphasize how large it is.

- We had to eat out all the time. It ended up costing a fortune.

- He made a small fortune in the London property boom.

N-COUNT emphasis

2. fortune fortunes
Someone who has a fortune has a very large amount of money.

- He made his fortune in car sales.

- Having spent his rich wife's fortune, the Major ended up in a debtors' prison.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

3. fortune
Fortune or good fortune is good luck. Ill fortune is bad luck.

- Government ministers are starting to wonder how long their good fortune can last.

N-UNCOUNT

4. fortune fortunes
If you talk about someone's fortunes or the fortunes of something, you are talking about the extent to which they are doing well or being successful.

- The electoral fortunes of the Liberal Democratic party may decline.

- She kept up with the fortunes of the Reeves family.

- The company had to do something to reverse its sliding fortunes.

N-PLURAL: with poss

5. fortune
If you talk about the way someone or something is treated by fortune , you are referring to the good or bad luck that they have.

- He is certainly being smiled on by fortune.

N-UNCOUNT

6. fortune
When someone tells your fortune , they tell you what they think will happen to you in the future, which they say is shown, for example, by the lines on your hand.
PHR: V inflects

fortune

noun

1.

wealth

affluence

opulence

possessions

property

prosperity

riches

treasure

2.

luck

chance

destiny

fate

kismet

providence

fortunes

3.

destiny

adventures

experiences

history

lot

success

fortune cookie

fortune cookie fortune cookies
A fortune cookie is a sweet, crisp cake which contains a piece of paper which is supposed to say what will happen to you in the future. Fortune cookies are often served in Chinese restaurants.
N-COUNT

fortune-teller

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:tʃənˌtelə]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrtʃənˌtɛlɚ]

n.

算命者

fortune-teller

fortune-teller fortune-tellers
A fortune-teller is a person who tells you what they think will happen to you in the future, after looking at something such as the lines on your hand.
N-COUNT

forty

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:ti:]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrti]

num.

四十

forty winks

(尤指白天)打盹；午睡

forty *****

1. forty
Forty is the number 40.
NUM

2. forty forties
When you talk about the forties , you are referring to numbers between 40 and 49. For example, if you are in your forties , you are aged between 40 and 49. If the temperature is in the forties , the temperature is between 40 and 49 degrees.

- He was a big man in his forties, smartly dressed in a suit and tie.

N-PLURAL

3. forty forties
The forties is the decade between 1940 and 1949.

- Steel cans were introduced sometime during the forties.

N-PLURAL: the N

forum

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:rəm]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrəm, ˈfor-]

n.

集会的公共场所

论坛, 讨论会, 专题讨论节目

forum **

1. forum forums
A forum is a place, situation, or group in which people exchange ideas and discuss issues, especially important public issues.

- Members of the council agreed that it still had an important role as a forum for discussion.

- The organisation would provide a forum where problems could be discussed.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N for n/-ing

2. forum forums
In ancient Roman towns, the forum was a square where people met to discuss business and political matters.
N-COUNT

forward

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:wəd]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrwəd]

adv.

向前[向末]端

前进

向着将来

adj.

向前方的, 向前进的; 位于前面的

早熟的, (儿童)发育早的

vt.

发送; 转寄

促进

forwarding

[ˈfɔ:wədiŋ]

n.

推进;促进

forwardness

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:wədnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrwədnɪs]

n.

提早，提前；鲁莽；冒失

forwards

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:wədz]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrwədz, ˈfor-]

adv.

向前方,继续向前

forward ****

(In addition to the uses shown below, forward is also used in phrasal verbs such as `bring forward' and `look forward to'. In British English, forwards is often used as an adverb instead of forward in senses 1, 4, and 7.)

1. forward
If you move or look forward , you move or look in a direction that is in front of you. In British English, you can also move or look forwards .

- He came forward with his hand out. `Mr and Mrs Selby?' he enquired.

- She fell forwards on to her face.

- He continued to walk, didn't look at the car, kept his face forward.

ADV: ADV after v
≠ backwards

2. forward
Forward means in a position near the front of something such as a building or a vehicle.

- The best seats are in the aisle and as far forward as possible.

- The other car had a 3-inch lower driving seat and had its engine mounted further forward.

ADV-GRADED: be ADV, ADV after v

3. forward
Also an adjective.

- Reinforcements were needed to allow more troops to move to forward positions.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

4. forward
If one thing is forward of another, especially on a ship or aircraft, the first thing is in front of the second thing or further ahead.

- Forward of the main cabin are the guest cabins.

- Sixty-one small parachute symbols were painted on the left side just forward of the wing.

PHR-PREP
≠ behind

5. forward
If you say that someone looks forward , you approve of them because they think about what will happen in the future and plan for it. In British English, you can also say that someone looks forwards .

- Now the leadership wants to look forward, and to outline a strategy for the rest of the century.

- People should forget and look forwards.

- Manchester United has always been a forward-looking club.

ADV: usu ADV after v, also ADV adj approval

6. forward
Also an adjective.

- The university system requires more forward planning.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. forward
If you put a clock or watch forward , you change the time shown on it so that it shows a later time, for example when the time changes to summer time or daylight saving time.

- When we put the clocks forward in March we go into British Summer Time.

ADV: ADV after v

8. forward
When you are referring to a particular time, if you say that something was true from that time forward , you mean that it became true at that time, and continued to be true afterwards.

- Velazquez's work from that time forward was confined largely to portraits of the royal family.

ADV: from n ADV
= on

9. forward
You use forward to indicate that something progresses or improves. In British English, you can also use forwards .

- The European Community aimed at moving forward on economic and monetary union.

- They just couldn't see any way forward.

- Space scientists and astronomers have taken another step forwards.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV

10. forward forwards forwarding forwarded
If you forward something, you cause it to progress or improve. (WRITTEN)

- The music is used to forward the plot, not simply to keep the toes tapping.

- ...the scientist who has done the most to forward the cause of public understanding over the year.

VB
= further

11. forward
If something or someone is put forward , or comes forward , they are suggested or offered as suitable for a particular purpose.

- Over the years several similar theories have been put forward.

- Next month the Commission is to bring forward its first proposals for action.

- He was putting himself forward as a Democrat.

- Investigations have ground to a standstill because no witnesses have come forward.

ADV: ADV after v

12. forward forwards forwarding forwarded
If a letter or message is forwarded to someone, it is sent to the place where they are, after having been sent to a different place earlier.

- When he's out on the road, office calls are forwarded to the cellular phone in his truck.

- A hospital appointment letter for Jane was forwarded from the clinic.

VB
= send on

13. forward
If you describe someone as forward , you mean that they speak very confidently and honestly but they do not always show enough respect for the person they are talking to.

- He's very forward and confident and chats happily to other people.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

14. forwardness

- Rather taken aback by such forwardness, I slammed down the phone.

N-UNCOUNT

15. forward forwards
In soccer, football, basketball, or hockey, a forward is a player whose usual position is in the opponents' half of the field, and whose usual job is to attack or score goals.
N-COUNT
See also centre-forward .

forward

adjective

1.

leading

advance

first

foremost

front

head

2.

presumptuous

bold

brash

brazen

cheeky

familiar

impertinent

impudent

pushy informal

3.

well-developed

advanced

precocious

premature

adverb

4.

ahead

forth

on

onward

verb

5.

promote

advance

assist

expedite

further

hasten

hurry

6.

send

dispatch

post

send on

forwarding address

forwarding address forwarding addresses
A forwarding address is an address that you give to someone when you go and live somewhere else so that they can send your mail on to you.

- The former owner had not left any forwarding address.

N-COUNT

forward-looking

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:wədˌlʊkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrwədˌlʊkɪŋ]

adj.

有远见的,向前看的

forward-looking

forward-looking
If you describe a person or organization as forward-looking , you approve of the fact that they think about the future or have modern ideas.

- ...the need for the party to be forward-looking, to identify with changing attitudes among voters.

ADJ-GRADED approval

forwent

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈwent]

[K.K.:fɔrˈwɛnt, for-]

forgo的过去式

forwent

forwent
Forwent is the past tense of forego .

fossil

[D.J.:ˈfɔsl]

[K.K.:ˈfɑsəl]

n.

化石

老顽固, 食古不化的人

fossil **

fossil fossils
A fossil is the hard remains of a prehistoric animal or plant that are found inside a rock.
N-COUNT

fossil fuel *

fossil fuel fossil fuels
Fossil fuel is fuel such as coal or oil that is formed from the decayed remains of plants or animals.
N-MASS also fossil-fuel .

fossilize

[D.J.:ˈfɔsəˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈfɑsəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使成化石

使陈腐

vi.

变成化石

变陈腐

fossilize

1. fossilize fossilizes fossilizing fossilized
If the remains of an animal or plant fossilize or are fossilized , they become hard and form fossils, instead of decaying completely.

- The most important parts, the flowers, rarely fossilise.

- The survival of the proteins depends on the way in which bones are fossilised.

- ...fossilized dinosaur bones.

V-ERG (BRIT) also fossilise

2. fossilize fossilizes fossilizing fossilized
If you say that ideas, attitudes, or ways of behaving have fossilized or have been fossilized , you are criticizing the fact that they are fixed and unlikely to change, in spite of changing situations or circumstances.

- What they seem to want to do in fact is fossilize the particular environment in which people live and work.

- Needs change while policies fossilize.

V-ERG (BRIT) also fossilise disapproval

3. fossilized

- Efforts have been made to breathe some new life into these fossilized organisations.

ADJ-GRADED

foster

[ˈfɔstə]

vt.

培养, 促进

vt. & vi.

收养, 养育

fostering

哺育

foster **

1. foster
Foster parents are people who officially take a child into their family for a period of time, without becoming the child's legal parents. The child is referred to as their foster child.

- Little Jack was placed with foster parents.

- The foster mother was a wonderful, warm person.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. foster fosters fostering fostered
If you foster a child, you take it into your family for a period of time, without becoming its legal parent.

- She has since gone on to find happiness by fostering more than 100 children.

VB

3. foster fosters fostering fostered
To foster something such as an activity or idea means to help it to develop.

- He said that developed countries had a responsibility to foster global economic growth to help new democracies.

- Its cash crisis has been fostered by declining property values.

VB

foster

verb

1.

promote

cultivate

encourage

feed

nurture

stimulate

support

uphold

2.

bring up

mother

nurse

raise

rear

take care of

foul

[D.J.:faul]

[K.K.:faʊl]

adj.

难闻的, 发臭的

令人不愉快的, 糟透了的

污浊的, 肮脏的

下流的, 辱骂性的

恶劣的; 有暴风雨的

邪恶的, 罪恶的

vt.

使污秽; 弄脏

vt. & vi.

纠缠; 纠结

〈体〉(对…)犯规

n.

犯规

fouling

[ˈfauliŋ]

n.

(水管、枪筒等中的)污垢

fouls

[faulz]

n.

煤层尖灭

foul **

1. foul fouler foulest
If you describe something as foul , you mean it is dirty and smells or tastes unpleasant.

- ...foul polluted water...

- The pot-pourri of smells in the air was quite foul.

ADJ-GRADED
= disgusting

2. foul fouler foulest
Foul language is offensive and contains swear words or rude words.

- He was sent off for using foul language in a match last Sunday.

- He had a foul mouth.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= filthy

3. foul fouler foulest
If someone has a foul temper or is in a foul mood, they become angry or violent very suddenly and easily.

- Collins was in a foul mood even before the interviews began.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= bad

4. foul fouler foulest
Foul weather is unpleasant, windy, and stormy.
ADJ-GRADED

5. foul fouls fouling fouled
If a place is fouled by someone or something, they make it dirty.

- A village's entire beach and harbor can be fouled by a single rotting whale.

- Two oil-related accidents near Los Angeles have fouled the ocean and the skies there.

VB

6. foul fouls fouling fouled
If an animal fouls a place, it drops faeces onto the ground.

- It is an offence to let your dog foul a footpath.

VB

7. foul fouls fouling fouled
If a machine or vehicle fouls part of its mechanism or if something such as a rope fouls the mechanism, the mechanism can no longer work properly because something has become twisted or knotted around it.

- The freighter fouled its propeller in fishing nets.

VB

8. foul fouls fouling fouled
In a game or sport, if a player fouls another player, they touch them or block them in a way which is not allowed according to the rules.

- Middlesbrough's Jimmy Phillips was sent off for fouling Steve Tilson.

VB

9. foul fouls
A foul is an act in a game or sport that is not allowed according to the rules.

- He picked up his first booking for a 45th-minute foul on Bull.

N-COUNT: oft N on n

10. foul
Also an adjective.

- ...a foul tackle.

ADJ: ADJ n

11. foul
If you cry foul , you claim that someone, especially an opponent or rival, has acted illegally or unfairly.

- Deprived of the crushing victory it was confidently expecting, the party cried foul.

PHR: V inflects

12. foul
If someone tries to achieve something by fair means or foul , they use every means possible in order to achieve it, and they do not care if their behaviour is dishonest or unfair.

- They will only be satisfied if they regain control -- by fair means or foul.

PHR: PHR after v

13. foul
If you fall foul of someone or run foul of them, you do something which gets you into trouble with them. (mainly BRIT)

- He had fallen foul of the FBI.

- ...teenagers who run foul of the law.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= run afoul of

foul

adjective

1.

dirty

fetid

filthy

malodorous

nauseating

putrid

repulsive

squalid

stinking

unclean

2.

obscene

abusive

blue

coarse

indecent

lewd

profane

scurrilous

vulgar

3.

offensive

abhorrent

despicable

detestable

disgraceful

scandalous

shameful

wicked

4.

unfair

crooked

dishonest

fraudulent

shady informal

underhand

unscrupulous

verb

5.

pollute

besmirch

contaminate

defile

dirty

stain

sully

taint

foul up **

foul up fouls up; fouling up; fouled up
If you foul up something such as a plan, you spoil it by doing something wrong or stupid.

- There are serious risks that laboratories may foul up these tests.

PHR-V
= mess up

foul-mouthed

adj.

说话下流的,满嘴脏话的

foul-mouthed

foul-mouthed
If you describe someone as foul-mouthed , you disapprove of them because they use offensive words or say very rude things.

- He's a coarse, foul-mouthed bully.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

foul play

1. foul play
Foul play is criminal violence or activity that results in a person's death.

- The report says it suspects foul play was involved in the deaths of two journalists.

N-UNCOUNT

2. foul play
Foul play is unfair or dishonest behaviour, especially during a sports game.

- Players were warned twice for foul play.

N-UNCOUNT

foul-up

[D.J.:ˈfaʊlˌʌp]

[K.K.:ˈfaʊlˌʌp]

n.

混乱,紊乱

foul-up

foul-up foul-ups
A foul-up is something that has gone badly wrong as a result of someone's mistakes or carelessness. (INFORMAL)

- A series of technical foul-ups delayed the launch of the new product.

N-COUNT
= bungle

foundation course

foundation course foundation courses
A foundation course is a course that you do at some colleges and universities in order to prepare yourself for a longer or more advanced course. (BRIT; in AM use basic course )
N-COUNT

foundation stone

1. foundation stone foundation stones
A foundation stone is a large block of stone built into a large public building near the bottom. It is often involved in a ceremony for the opening of the building, and has writing on it recording this. (mainly BRIT; in AM use cornerstone )

- The Princess of Wales laid the foundation stone for the extension to the Cathedral.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

2. foundation stone foundation stones
The foundation stone for something is the basic, important thing which its existence or success depends on.

- ...these foundation stones of the future: education, training, research, development.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

founder

[D.J.:ˈfaʊndə]

[K.K.:ˈfaʊndɚ]

n.

创始人

foundering

陷落

founder ***

1. founder founders
The founder of an institution, organization, or building is the person who got it started or caused it to be built, often by providing the necessary money.

- He was one of the founders of the university's medical faculty.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

2. founder founders foundering foundered
If something such as a plan or project founders , it fails because of a particular point, difficulty, or problem.

- The talks have foundered, largely because of the reluctance of some members of the government to do a deal with criminals.

VB
= fail

3. founder founders foundering foundered
If a ship founders , it fills with water and sinks.

- Three ships foundered in heavy seas.

VB

founder

noun

initiator

architect

author

beginner

father

inventor

originator

founder

verb

1.

sink

be lost

go down

go to the bottom

submerge

2.

fail

break down

collapse

come to grief

come unstuck

fall through

miscarry

misfire

3.

stumble

lurch

sprawl

stagger

trip

founder member *

founder member founder members
A founder member of a club, group, or organization is one of the first members, often one who was involved in setting it up. (BRIT; in AM use charter member )
N-COUNT: usu N of n

founding father *

1. founding father founding fathers
The founding father of an institution, organization, or idea is the person who sets it up or who first develops it. (LITERARY)
N-COUNT: oft N of n
= founder

2. founding father
The Founding Fathers of the United States were the members of the American Constitutional Convention of 1787.
N-PROPER-PLURAL

foundling

[D.J.:ˈfaundliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfaʊndlɪŋ]

n.

弃儿,育婴堂

foundling

foundling foundlings
A foundling is a baby that has been abandoned by its parents, often in a public place, and that has then been found by someone. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

foundling

noun

stray

orphan

outcast

waif

foundry

[D.J.:ˈfaʊndri:]

[K.K.:ˈfaʊndri]

n.

铸造厂

foundry

foundry foundries
A foundry is a place where metal or glass is melted and formed into particular shapes.
N-COUNT

fount

[D.J.:faunt]

[K.K.:faʊnt]

n.

泉,墨水缸,(灯的)储油器

fount

fount founts
If you describe a person or thing as the fount of something, you are saying that they are an important source or supply of it. (LITERARY)

- To the young boy his father was the fount of all knowledge.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n
= source

fountain

[D.J.:ˈfauntin]

[K.K.:ˈfaʊntən]

n.

喷水; 喷泉

来源, 根源, 源泉

fountain **

1. fountain fountains
A fountain is an ornamental feature in a pool or lake which consists of a long narrow stream of water that is forced up into the air by a pump.
N-COUNT

2. fountain fountains
A fountain of a liquid is an amount of it which is sent up into the air and falls back. (LITERARY)

- The volcano spewed a fountain of molten rock 650 feet in the air.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= jet

3. fountain fountains
If you describe a person or thing as a fountain of something, you mean they are an important source of it and supply a lot of it. (LITERARY)

- You are a fountain of ideas.

N-COUNT: N of n

fountain

noun

1.

jet

font

fount

reservoir

spout

spray

spring

well

2.

source

cause

derivation

fount

fountainhead

origin

wellspring

fountain pen

fountain pen fountain pens
A fountain pen is a pen which uses ink that you have drawn up inside it from a bottle.
N-COUNT

four

[D.J.:fɔ:, fəʊr]

[K.K.:fɔr, for]

num.

四

the four corners of the earth

天涯海角；世界各地

these four walls

(用于叮嘱保守秘密)(就在)在座的范围( 内)

fours

[fɔ:z]

n.

四人舞

four *****

1. four
Four is the number 4.

- Judith is married with four children.

NUM

2. four fours
In cricket, if a player hits a four , they score four runs by hitting the ball along the ground so that it crosses the boundary at the edge of the playing area.

- Taylor hit 13 fours and batted for 140 minutes.

N-COUNT

3. four fours
A four is a narrow racing boat that is rowed by a team of four people.
N-COUNT

4. four
If you are on all fours , your knees, feet, and hands are on the ground.

- She crawled on all fours over to the window.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

four-letter word

four-letter word four-letter words
A four-letter word is a short word that people consider to be rude or offensive, usually because it refers to sex or other bodily functions.
N-COUNT
= swear word

four-poster bed

four-poster bed four-poster beds
A four-poster bed or a four-poster is a large old-fashioned bed that has a tall post at each corner and curtains that can be drawn around it.
N-COUNT

foursome

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:səm]

[K.K.:ˈfɔrsəm, ˈfor-]

n.

两对; 四人一组

foursome *

foursome foursomes
A foursome is a group of four people or things.

- The London-based foursome are set to release their fourth single this month.

N-COUNT-COLL

four-square

1. four-square
To stand four-square behind someone or something means to be firm in your support of that person or thing.

- They stood four-square behind their chief, and they would not accept pressure on him to resign.

- He was still certain that Franklin was four-square for reform.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep also foursquare .

2. four-square
A four-square building or structure is square in shape and looks solid and well-built.
ADJ: usu ADJ n also foursquare .

fourteen

[D.J.:fɔ:ˈti:n, fəʊr-]

[K.K.:fɔrˈtin, for-]

num.

十四

fourteen *****

fourteen
Fourteen is the number 14.

- I'm fourteen years old.

NUM

fourteenth

[D.J.:ˈfɔ:ˈti:nθ]

[K.K.:fɔrˈtinθ, for-]

num.

第十四

fourteenth ****

fourteenth
The fourteenth item in a series is the one that you count as number fourteen.
ORD

fourth

[D.J.:fɔ:θ, fəʊrθ]

[K.K.:fɔrθ, forθ]

num.

第四

fourth ****

1. fourth
The fourth item in a series is the one that you count as number four.

- Last year's winner Greg Lemond of the United States is in fourth place.

ORD

2. fourth
A fourth is one of four equal parts of something. (AM; in BRIT use quarter )

- Three-fourths of the public say they favor a national referendum on the issue.

FRACTION

fourth dimension

fourth dimension
In physics, the fourth dimension is time. The other three dimensions are length, width, and height. (TECHNICAL)
N-SING: the N

fourthly

[D.J.:ˈf ɔ: θlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfor θlɪ]

adv.

第四

fourthly

fourthly
You say fourthly when you want to make a fourth point or give a fourth reason for something.

- Fourthly, the natural enthusiasm of the student teachers should be maintained.

ADV: ADV with cl

Fourth of July

Fourth of July
In the United States, the Fourth of July is a public holiday when people celebrate the Declaration of Independence in 1776.

- On the Fourth of July, my husband and our friends drove into the city to see the fireworks.

- ...a Fourth of July picnic.

N-SING: usu the N

four-wheel drive

four-wheel drive four-wheel drives
A four-wheel drive is a vehicle in which all four wheels receive power from the engine to help with steering. This makes the vehicle easier to drive on rough roads or surfaces such as sand or snow.
N-COUNT

fowl

[D.J.:faʊl]

[K.K.:faʊl]

n.

鸟, 禽, 家禽, 鸡

禽肉

neither fish nor fowl

既不是这，也不是那；非驴非马

fowl *

fowl fowls
A fowl is a bird, especially one that can be eaten as food, such as a duck or a chicken.

- Carve the fowl into 8 pieces.

- ...ducks and many other animals and fowl.

N-COUNT fowl can also be used as the plural form

fox

[D.J.:fɔks]

[K.K.:fɑks]

n.

狐, 狐狸

狡猾的人

foxed

[D.J.:fɔkst]

[K.K.:fɑkst]

adj.

变色的,有褐斑的,变酸的

foxing

[ˈfɔksiŋ]

n.

鞋面修补用皮,鞋面皮

fox **

1. fox foxes
A fox is a wild animal which looks like a dog and has reddish-brown fur, a pointed face and ears, and a thick tail. Foxes eat smaller animals.
N-COUNT

2. fox foxes foxing foxed
If you are foxed by something, you cannot understand it or solve it. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I admit I was foxed for some time.

- Only once did we hit on a question which foxed one of these formidable experts.

- They're a bit foxed by the colours of the riders' jerseys and hats.

VB

3. fox
If you describe someone as a fox , you mean they are very clever and deceitful.

- Enrico was too good, an old fox, cunning.

N-SING

foxglove

[D.J.:ˈfɔksˌɡlʌv]

[K.K.:ˈfɑksˌɡlʌv]

n.

毛地黄

foxglove

foxglove foxgloves
A foxglove is a tall plant that has pink or white flowers shaped like bells growing up the stem.
N-VAR

foxhole

n.

散兵坑

foxhole

foxhole foxholes
A foxhole is a small hole which soldiers dig as a shelter from the enemy and from which they can shoot.
N-COUNT

foxhound

n.

猎狐用猎狗

foxhound

foxhound foxhounds
A foxhound is a type of dog that is trained to hunt foxes.
N-COUNT

fox-hunting

n.

猎狐

fox-hunting

fox-hunting
Fox-hunting is a sport in which people riding horses chase a fox across the countryside. Dogs called hounds are used to find the fox.
N-UNCOUNT also foxhunting .

foxtrot

[D.J.:ˈfɔksˌtrɔt]

[K.K.:ˈfɑksˌtrɑt]

n.

狐步舞;狐步舞曲

foxtrot

foxtrot foxtrots
The foxtrot is a type of dance which involves a combination of long slow steps and short fast steps.
N-COUNT: usu sing

foxy

[D.J.:ˈfɔksi]

[K.K.:ˈfɑksi]

adj.

狡猾的

foxy

1. foxy foxier foxiest
If you describe someone as foxy , you mean that they are deceitful in a clever, secretive way.

- He had wary, foxy eyes.

ADJ-GRADED
= crafty

2. foxy foxier foxiest
If a man calls a woman foxy , he means that she is physically attractive. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- ...a foxy blonde in a turtleneck sweater.

ADJ-GRADED

foyer

[D.J.:ˈfɔɪə, ˈfɔɪˌeɪ, ˈfwɑ:ˌjeɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfɔɪɚ, ˈfɔɪˌe, ˈfwɑˌje]

n.

<法>(剧场等的)门厅, 休息室

foyer *

foyer foyers
A foyer is the large area where people meet or wait just inside the main doors of a building such as a theatre, cinema, or hotel.

- I went and waited in the foyer.

N-COUNT
= lobby

foyer

noun

entrance hall

antechamber

anteroom

lobby

reception area

vestibule

Fr

元素钫(francium)的符号

Fr *

1. Fr
Fr is a written abbreviation for French or franc .

2. Fr
Fr is a written abbreviation for Father when it is used in titles before the name of a Catholic priest.
The spelling Fr. is used in American English

fracas

[D.J.:ˈfreɪkəs, ˈfrækəs]

[K.K.:ˈfrekəs, ˈfrækəs]

n.

大声吵架

fracas

fracas
A fracas is a rough, noisy quarrel or fight.
N-SING
= brawl

fracas

noun

brawl

affray Law

disturbance

melee or mêl´ee

riot

rumpus

scuffle

skirmish

fractal

[D.J.:ˈfræktəl]

[K.K.:ˈfræktəl]

n.

(经典几何学中没有表示的)不规则碎片形

fractals

分形分析

fractal

fractal fractals
In geometry, a fractal is a shape made up of parts that are the same shape as itself and are of smaller and smaller sizes.
N-COUNT: oft N n

fraction

[D.J.:ˈfrækʃən]

[K.K.:ˈfrækʃən]

n.

小部分, 一点儿

〈数〉分数

fraction **

1. fraction fractions
A fraction is a tiny amount or proportion of something.

- She hesitated for a fraction of a second before responding.

- Here's how to eat like the stars, at a fraction of the cost.

- I opened my eyes just a fraction.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. fraction fractions
A fraction is a number that can be expressed as a proportion of two whole numbers. For example, *1/2 and *1/3 are both fractions.

- The students had a grasp of decimals, percentages and fractions.

N-COUNT

fraction

noun

piece

part

percentage

portion

section

segment

share

slice

fractional

[D.J.:ˈfrækʃənəl]

[K.K.:ˈfrækʃənəl]

adj.

微不足道的, 极小的, 极少的

分数的;小数的

fractionally

[D.J.:ˈfrækʃənlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfrækʃən l..ɪ]

adv.

部分地;略微地

fractional *

1. fractional
If something is fractional , it is very small in size or degree.

- ...a fractional hesitation.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. fractionally

- Murphy, Sinclair's young team-mate, was fractionally behind him.

ADV: ADV group

fractious

[D.J.:ˈfrækʃəs]

[K.K.:ˈfrækʃəs]

adj.

易怒的,急躁的

fractious

fractious
If you describe someone as fractious , you disapprove of them because they become upset or angry very quickly about small unimportant things.

- ...fractious national movements.

- ...in a fractious mood...

- The children were predictably fractious.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

fractious

adjective

irritable

captious

cross

petulant

querulous

refractory

testy

tetchy

touchy

fracture

[D.J.:ˈfræktʃə]

[K.K.:ˈfræktʃɚ]

vt. & vi.

(使)折断; 破碎

fractured

断裂的

fracturing

[ˈfræktʃəriŋ]

n.

破裂,碎裂,龟裂;(水力)压裂

fracture **

1. fracture fractures
A fracture is a slight crack or break in something, especially a bone.

- At least one-third of all women over ninety have sustained a hip fracture.

N-COUNT

2. fracture fractures fracturing fractured
If something such as a bone is fractured or fractures , it gets a slight crack or break in it.

- You've fractured a rib, maybe more than one.

- One strut had fractured and been crudely repaired in several places.

- He suffered a fractured skull.

V-ERG

3. fracture fractures fracturing fractured
If something such as an organization or society is fractured or fractures , it splits into several parts or stops existing. (FORMAL)

- His policy risks fracturing the coalition.

- It might be a society that could fracture along class lines.

V-ERG

4. fractured

- ...in a world of fractured cultures and global interdependence.

ADJ-GRADED

fracture

noun

1.

break

cleft

crack

fissure

opening

rift

rupture

split

verb

2.

break

crack

rupture

splinter

split

fragile

[D.J.:ˈfrædʒail]

[K.K.:ˈfrædʒəl, -ˌaɪl]

adj.

易碎的, 脆的

虚弱的, 脆弱的; 经不起折腾的

fragility

[frəˈdʒiliti]

n.

脆弱,虚弱

fragile **

1. fragile
If you describe a situation as fragile , you mean that it is weak or uncertain, and unlikely to be able to resist strong pressure or attack. (JOURNALISM)

- The fragile economies of several southern African nations could be irreparably damaged.

- The Prime Minister's fragile government was on the brink of collapse.

- His overall condition remained fragile.

ADJ-GRADED
= unstable

2. fragility

- By mid-1988 there were clear indications of the extreme fragility of the Right-wing coalition.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. fragile
Something that is fragile is easily broken or damaged.

- He leaned back in his fragile chair.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ sturdy

4. fragility

- Older drivers are more likely to be seriously injured because of the fragility of their bones.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

5. fragile
Something that is fragile is very delicate or fine in appearance.

- The haircut emphasised her fragile beauty.

ADJ-GRADED
= delicate

6. fragile
If someone feels fragile , they feel weak, for example because they are ill or have drunk too much alcohol.

- He felt irritated and strangely fragile, as if he were recovering from a severe bout of flu.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

fragile

adjective

delicate

breakable

brittle

dainty

fine

flimsy

frail

frangible

weak

fragment

[D.J.:ˈfræɡmənt]

[K.K.:ˈfræɡmənt]

n.

碎片; 片断

fragmentation

[D.J.:ˌfræɡmenˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌfræɡmənˈteʃən, -mɛn-]

n.

分裂,破碎

fragmented

[fræɡˈmentid,ˈfræɡməntid]

adj.

成碎片的,片断的

fragmenting

(文件)分段

fragment **

1. fragment fragments
A fragment of something is a small piece or part of it.

- The only reminder of the shooting is a few fragments of metal in my shoulder.

- She read everything, digesting every fragment of news.

- ...glass fragments.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= piece

2. fragment fragments fragmenting fragmented
If something fragments or is fragmented , it breaks or separates into small pieces or parts.

- The clouds fragmented and out came the sun.

- Fierce rivalries have traditionally fragmented the region.

- By the first century BC, Buddhism was in danger of fragmenting into small sects.

V-ERG

3. fragmentation

- ...the extraordinary fragmentation of styles on the music scene.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

4. fragmented

- Europe had become infinitely more unstable and fragmented.

ADJ-GRADED
= divided

fragment

noun

1.

piece

bit

chip

particle

portion

scrap

shred

sliver

verb

2.

break

break up

come apart

come to pieces

crumble

disintegrate

shatter

splinter

split up

fragmentary

[D.J.:ˈfrægmənˌteri:]

[K.K.:ˈfræɡmənˌtɛri]

adj.

碎片的;片断的;不完整的;支离破碎的

fragmentary

fragmentary
Something that is fragmentary is made up of small or unconnected pieces.

- Any action on the basis of such fragmentary evidence would be foolish.

ADJ-GRADED

fragmentary

adjective

incomplete

bitty

broken

disconnected

incoherent

partial

piecemeal

scattered

scrappy

sketchy

fragrance

[D.J.:ˈfreiɡrəns]

[K.K.:ˈfreɡrəns]

n.

芳香, 香味

fragrance **

1. fragrance fragrances
A fragrance is a pleasant or sweet smell.

- A shrubby plant with a strong characteristic fragrance.

- ...the fragrance of his cologne.

N-VAR: usu with supp

2. fragrance fragrances
Fragrance is a pleasant-smelling liquid which people put on their bodies to make themselves smell nice.

- The advertisement is for a male fragrance.

N-MASS
= perfume

fragrance

noun

scent

aroma

balm

bouquet

fragrancy

perfume

redolence

smell

sweet odour

fragrant

[D.J.:ˈfreɪgrənt]

[K.K.:ˈfreɡrənt]

adj.

芳香的,香的

fragrant *

fragrant
Something that is fragrant has a pleasant, sweet smell.

- ...fragrant oils and perfumes...

- The air was fragrant with the smell of orange blossoms.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n

fragrant

adjective

perfumed

aromatic

balmy

odorous

redolent

sweet-scented

sweet-smelling

frail

[D.J.:freil]

[K.K.:frel]

adj.

脆弱的, 薄弱的, (尤指身体)虚弱的

frail *

1. frail frailer frailest
Someone who is frail is not very strong or healthy.

- She lay in bed looking particularly frail.

ADJ-GRADED
= weak

2. frail frailer frailest
Something that is frail is easily broken or damaged.

- The frail craft rocked as he clambered in.

ADJ-GRADED
= fragile

frail

adjective

weak

delicate

feeble

flimsy

fragile

infirm

insubstantial

puny

vulnerable

frailty

[D.J.:ˈfreɪlti:]

[K.K.:ˈfrelti]

n.

脆弱,虚弱;(性格或行为上的)弱点,缺点

frailty

1. frailty frailties
If you refer to the frailties or frailty of people, you are referring to their weaknesses.

- ...the frailties of human nature.

- ...a triumph of will over human frailty.

N-VAR

2. frailty
Frailty is the condition of having poor health.

- She died after a long period of increasing frailty.

N-UNCOUNT

frailty

noun

feebleness

fallibility

frailness

infirmity

susceptibility

weakness

frame

[D.J.:freim]

[K.K.:frem]

n.

框架

骨架, 构架

vt.

给…加框

陷害, 诬告

表达, 构造

framed

框架坝;框架建筑;榫构合

framing

[D.J.:ˈfreimiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfremɪŋ]

n.

构架, 框架, 骨架; 构架系统

frame ***

1. frame frames
The frame of a picture or mirror is the wood, metal, or plastic that is fitted around it, especially when it is displayed or hung on a wall.

- Estelle kept a photograph of her mother in a silver frame on the kitchen mantelpiece.

- ...a pair of picture frames.

N-COUNT

2. frame frames
The frame of an object such as a building, chair, or window is the arrangement of wooden, metal, or plastic bars between which other material is fitted, and which give the object its strength and shape.

- He supplied housebuilders with modern timber frames.

- With difficulty he released the mattress from the metal frame, and groped beneath it.

- We painted our table to match the window frame in the bedroom.

N-COUNT

3. frame frames
The frames of a pair of glasses are all the metal or plastic parts of it, but not the lenses.

- He was wearing new spectacles with gold wire frames.

N-COUNT: usu pl

4. frame frames
You can refer to someone's body as their frame , especially when you are describing the general shape of their body.

- Their belts are pulled tight against their bony frames.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

5. frame frames
A frame of cinema film is one of the many separate photographs that it consists of.

- Standard 8mm projects at 16 frames per second.

N-COUNT

6. frame
A frame building is one in which pieces of wood form the most important part of the structure, rather than bricks or stone. (AM)

- He lives in a white-painted frame house behind a picket fence up in Connecticut.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. frame frames framing framed
When a picture or photograph is framed , it is put in a frame.

- The picture is now ready to be mounted and framed.

- On the wall is a large framed photograph.

VB: usu passive

8. frame frames framing framed
If an object is framed by a particular thing, it is surrounded by that thing in a way that makes the object more striking or attractive to look at.

- The swimming pool is framed by tropical gardens.

- An elegant occasional table is framed in the window.

VB: usu passive

9. frame frames framing framed
If someone frames something such as a set of rules, a plan, or a system, they create and develop it. (WRITTEN)

- After the war, a convention was set up to frame a constitution.

VB
= put together

10. frame frames framing framed
If someone frames something in a particular style or kind of language, they express it in that way.

- The story is framed in a format that is part thriller, part love story.

- He framed this question three different ways in search of an answer.

VB

11. frame frames framing framed
If someone frames an innocent person, they make other people think that that person is guilty of a crime, by lying or inventing evidence. (INFORMAL)

- I need to find out who tried to frame me.

- He claimed that he had been framed by the police.

VB

frame

noun

1.

casing

construction

framework

shell

structure

2.

physique

anatomy

body

build

carcass

frame of mind

3.

mood

attitude

disposition

humour

outlook

state

temper

verb

4.

construct

assemble

build

make

manufacture

put together

5.

draft

compose

devise

draw up

formulate

map out

sketch

6.

mount

case

enclose

surround

frame of mind *

frame of mind frames of mind
Your frame of mind is the mood that you are in, which causes you to have a particular attitude to something.

- Lewis was not in the right frame of mind to continue.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

frame of reference

frame of reference frames of reference
A frame of reference is a particular set of beliefs or ideas on which you base your judgement of things.

- We know we're dealing with someone with a different frame of reference.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

frame-up

[D.J.:ˈfreɪmˌʌp]

[K.K.:ˈfremˌʌp]

n.

<口>陷害

阴谋诡计

frame-up

frame-up frame-ups
A frame-up is a situation where someone pretends that an innocent person has committed a crime by deliberately lying or inventing evidence. (INFORMAL)

- He was innocent and the victim of a frame-up.

N-COUNT

framework

[D.J.:ˈfreimwə:k]

[K.K.:ˈfremˌwɚk]

n.

构架; 结构

framework **

1. framework frameworks
A framework is a particular set of rules, ideas, or beliefs which you use in order to deal with problems or to decide what to do.

- ... within the framework of federal regulations.

N-COUNT: usu adj N, N of n

2. framework frameworks
A framework is a structure that forms a support or frame for something.

- ...wooden shelves on a steel framework.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

framework

noun

structure

foundation

frame

groundwork

plan

shell

skeleton

the bare bones

franc

[D.J.:fræŋk]

[K.K.:fræŋk]

n.

(法国、瑞士、比利时等国的货币单位)法郎

franc **

1. franc francs
The franc is the unit of currency that is used in France, Switzerland, Belgium, and some other countries where French is spoken.

- The price of grapes has shot up to 32 francs a kilo.

N-COUNT: num N

2. franc
The franc is also used to refer to the currency systems of France, Switzerland, Belgium, and some other countries where French is spoken.

- In Paris the French franc is suffering from uncertainty surrounding the new government.

N-SING: the N

franchise

[D.J.:ˈfrænˌtʃaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈfrænˌtʃaɪz]

n.

(尤指选举议员的)选举权;参政权

vt.

给…以特许权,出售特许权

franchising

特许;出卖产销权

franchise **

1. franchise franchises
A franchise is an authority that is given by an organization to someone, allowing them to sell its goods or services or to take part in an activity which the organization controls.

- ...fast-food franchises.

- ...the franchise to build and operate the tunnel...

- Talk to other franchise holders and ask them what they think of the parent company.

N-COUNT: oft n N, N to n, N n

2. franchise franchises franchising franchised
If a company franchises its business, it sells franchises to other companies, allowing them to sell its goods or services.

- She has recently franchised her business.

- Though the service is available only in California, its founder Michael Cane says he plans to franchise it in other states.

- It takes hundreds of thousands of dollars to get into the franchised pizza business.

VB

3. franchising

- One of the most important aspects of franchising is the reduced risk of business failure it offers to franchisees.

N-UNCOUNT

4. franchise
Franchise is the right to vote in an election, especially one in which people elect a parliament.

- ...the introduction of universal franchise...

- The 1867 Reform Act extended the franchise to much of the male working class.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N

franchisee

[D.J.:ˌfræntʃaɪˈzi:]

[K.K.:ˌfræntʃaɪˈzi]

n.

特许经营人

franchisee *

franchisee franchisees
A franchisee is a person or group of people who buy a particular franchise.
N-COUNT

franchiser

[D.J.:ˈfrænˌtʃaɪzə]

[K.K.:ˈfrænˌtʃaɪzɚ]

n.

经销商, 代销商

franchiser

franchiser franchisers
A franchiser is an organization which sells franchises.
N-COUNT

Franco-

pref.

表示“法国的”之义

Franco-

1. Franco-
Franco- occurs in words connected with France and the French language. For example, a Francophile is someone who likes France and French culture.
PREFIX

2. Franco-
Franco- combines with adjectives indicating nationality to form adjectives which describe something connected with relations between France and another country.

- Ministers expressed broad support for the Franco-German plan.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

Francophone

[ˈfræŋkəufəun]

n.

(尤指在使用两种或多种语言国度里的)操法语者,讲法语的(当地)人

Francophone

Francophone Francophones
A Francophone is someone who speaks French, especially someone who speaks it as their first language. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT: oft N n

frank

[fræŋk]

adj.

坦白的, 直率的

franking

[ˈfræŋkiŋ]

n.

邮资

frankly

[D.J.:ˈfræŋkli:]

[K.K.:ˈfræŋkli]

adv.

直率地(说),坦诚地

frankness

[D.J.:ˈfræ ŋknɪs]

[K.K.:ˈfræ ŋknɪs]

n.

率直,坦率,坦白

frank **

1. frank franker frankest
If someone is frank , they state or express things in an open and honest way.

- `It is clear that my client has been less than frank with me,' said his lawyer.

- They had a frank discussion about the issue.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about/with n
= candid

2. frankly

- You can talk frankly to me.

- He now frankly admits that much of his former playboy lifestyle was superficial.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. frankness

- The reaction to his frankness was hostile.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

4. frank franks franking franked
When a letter or parcel is franked , it is marked with a symbol that shows that the proper charge has been paid or that no stamp is needed.

- The letter was franked in London on August 6.

- ...a self-addressed, franked envelope.

VB: usu passive

5. frank
You can say ` to be frank ' or ` to be frank with you ' to introduce a statement which is your honest opinion, especially when the person you are talking to might not like it. (SPOKEN)

- To be frank, he could also be a bit of a bore.

- To be frank with you, Harvey, I may have made a mistake.

PHR: PHR with cl

frankly **

frankly
You use frankly when you are expressing an opinion or feeling to emphasize that you mean what you are saying, especially when the person you are speaking to may not like it.

- `You don't give a damn about my feelings, do you.' --- `Quite frankly, I don't.'.

- Frankly, Thomas, this question of your loan is beginning to worry me.

- I was frankly astonished at the degree to which different singers can affect the interpretation of a song.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl, ADV adj/-ed emphasis
See also frank .

frank

adjective

honest

blunt

candid

direct

forthright

open

outspoken

plain-spoken

sincere

straightforward

truthful

frankly

adverb

1.

honestly

candidly

in truth

to be honest

2.

openly

bluntly

directly

freely

plainly

without reserve

frankness

noun

outspokenness

bluntness

candour

forthrightness

openness

plain speaking

truthfulness

frankfurter

[D.J.:ˈfræŋkfə:tə]

[K.K.:ˈfræŋkfətɚ]

n.

薰肠

frankfurter

frankfurter frankfurters
A frankfurter is a type of smoked sausage.
N-COUNT

frankincense

[D.J.:ˈfræŋkinˌsens]

[K.K.:ˈfræŋkɪnˌsɛns]

n.

乳香

frankincense

frankincense
Frankincense is a substance which is obtained from a tree and which smells pleasant when it is burned. It is used especially in religious ceremonies.
N-UNCOUNT

frantic

[D.J.:ˈfræntik]

[K.K.:ˈfræntɪk]

adj.

发疯似的, 发狂的

匆忙的, 紧张的, 混乱的

frantically

[D.J.:ˈfræntɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfræntɪklɪ]

adv.

疯狂地;狂热地

frantic **

1. frantic
If you are frantic , you are behaving in a wild and uncontrolled way because you are frightened or worried.

- A bird had been locked in and was by now quite frantic.

ADJ-GRADED
= frenzied

2. frantically

- She clutched frantically at Emily's arm.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. frantic
If an activity is frantic , things are done quickly and in an energetic but disorganized way, because there is very little time.

- A busy night in the restaurant can be frantic in the kitchen.

ADJ-GRADED

4. frantically

- We have been frantically trying to save her life.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

frantic

adjective

1.

furious

at the end of one's tether

berserk

beside oneself

distracted

distraught

wild

2.

hectic

desperate

fraught informal

frenetic

frenzied

fraternal

[D.J.:frəˈtɜ:nəl]

[K.K.:frəˈtə..nəl]

adj.

兄弟的,兄弟般的

友好的,同志般的

fraternally

adv.

fraternal

1. fraternal
Fraternal actions show strong links of friendship between two people or groups of people. (FORMAL)

- ...the fraternal assistance of our colleagues and comrades...

- He said he hoped the issue could be solved in a fraternal way.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. fraternal
Fraternal twins are twins born from two eggs, so they are not exactly the same. They look different from each other and may be different sexes.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

fraternity

[D.J.:frəˈtə:niti]

[K.K.:frəˈtɚnɪti]

n.

同业工人, 行会; 兄弟会

(美国男学生的)大学联谊会

〈正〉兄弟关系; 友爱, 博爱

fraternity *

1. fraternity
Fraternity refers to friendship and support between people who feel they are closely linked to each other. (FORMAL)

- Bob needs the fraternity of others who share his mission.

N-UNCOUNT
= comradeship

2. fraternity fraternities
You can refer to people who have the same profession or the same interests as a particular fraternity .

- ...the spread of stolen guns among the criminal fraternity.

- ...the sailing fraternity.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= set

3. fraternity fraternities
In the United States, a fraternity is a society of male university or college students.
N-COUNT

fraternity

noun

1.

club

association

brotherhood

circle

company

guild

league

union

2.

companionship

brotherhood

camaraderie

fellowship

kinship

fraternization

[ˌfrætənaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

结有深交,友善

fraternize

[D.J.:ˈfrætəˌnaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈfrætɚˌnaɪz]

vi.

结交,交友,(尤指)亲敌

fraternization

n.

fraternize

fraternize fraternizes fraternizing fraternized
If you fraternize with someone, you associate with them in a friendly way.

- At these conventions, executives fraternized with the key personnel of other banks.

- Mrs Zuckerman does not fraternize widely.

- The recession has created an atmosphere where disparate groups fraternise in an atmosphere of mutual support.

V-RECIP (BRIT) also fraternise
= socialize

fraternize

verb

associate

consort

cooperate

hobnob

keep company

mingle

mix

socialize

fratricidal

[ˌfrætriˈsaidəl]

adj.

杀兄弟的,同族互杀的

fratricidal

fratricidal
A fratricidal war or conflict is one in which people kill members of their own society or social group. (FORMAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

fratricide

[D.J.:ˈfreitrisaid]

[K.K.:ˈfrætrɪˌsaɪd]

n.

杀兄弟(或姐妹)的行为,杀害兄弟者

fratricide

fratricide
If someone commits fratricide , they kill their brother. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

fraud

[D.J.:frɔ:d]

[K.K.:frɔd]

n.

欺诈, 欺骗行为

骗子

fraud ***

1. fraud frauds
Fraud is the crime of gaining money or financial benefits by a trick or by lying.

- He was jailed for two years for fraud and deception.

- Tax frauds are dealt with by the Inland Revenue.

N-VAR

2. fraud frauds
A fraud is something or someone that deceives people in a way that is illegal or dishonest.

- Unfortunately the portraits were frauds.

- He believes many `psychics' are frauds who rely on perception and subtle deception.

N-COUNT

3. fraud frauds
If you call someone or something a fraud , you are criticizing them because you think that they are not genuine, or are less good than they claim or appear to be.

- ...all those fashion frauds who think they are being original by raiding the tired old styles of the '60s and '70s.

N-COUNT disapproval

fraud

noun

1.

deception

chicanery

deceit

double-dealing

duplicity

sharp practice

swindling

treachery

trickery

2.

impostor

charlatan

fake

fraudster

hoaxer

phoney or phony informal

pretender

swindler

fraud squad

fraud squad fraud squads
A fraud squad is a part of a police force whose job is to investigate crimes involving fraud.
N-COUNT: oft N n

fraudster

fraudster fraudsters
A fraudster is someone who commits the crime of fraud. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

fraudulent

[D.J.:ˈfrɔ:dʒələnt]

[K.K.:ˈfrɔdʒələnt]

adj.

欺骗的,不诚实的

fraudulently

adv.

欺骗地

fraudulent *

1. fraudulent
A fraudulent activity is deliberately deceitful, dishonest, or untrue.

- ...fraudulent claims about being a nurse.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. fraudulently

- All 5,000 of the homes were fraudulently obtained.

- The report concludes that I acted neither fraudulently nor improperly.

ADV: ADV with v

fraudulent

adjective

deceitful

crooked informal

dishonest

double-dealing

duplicitous

sham

swindling

treacherous

fraught

[D.J.:frɔ:t]

[K.K.:frɔt]

adj.

充满着不愉快的事情的

fraught *

1. fraught
If a situation or action is fraught with problems or risks, it is filled with them.

- The earliest operations employing this technique were fraught with dangers.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with n

2. fraught
If you say that a situation or action is fraught , you mean that it is worrying or difficult.

- It has been a somewhat fraught day.

ADJ-GRADED

fray

[D.J.:freɪ]

[K.K.:fre]

vt. & vi.

(使布、绳等)磨损, 磨破

fray at/around the edges/seams

开始崩溃； 瓦解

fraying

(总称)织物磨损后落下的碎屑[片]

fray *

1. fray frays fraying frayed
If something such as cloth or rope frays , or if something frays it, its threads or fibres start to come apart from each other and spoil its appearance.

- The fabric is very fine or frays easily.

- The stitching had begun to fray at the edges.

- Her washing machine tends to fray edges on intricate designs.

- ...fraying edges in the stair carpet...

- He wore frayed jeans and cowboy shirts.

V-ERG

2. fray frays fraying frayed
If your nerves or your temper fray , or if something frays them, you become nervous or easily annoyed because of mental strain and anxiety.

- Tempers began to fray as the two teams failed to score.

- This kind of living was beginning to fray her nerves.

V-ERG

3. frayed

- Nerves became severely frayed when air traffic problems delayed the flight.

ADJ-GRADED

4. fray
The fray is an exciting or challenging activity, situation, or argument that you are involved in.

- There will have to be a second round of voting when new candidates can enter the fray.

- He would be inspiring young people to get into the political fray.

N-SING: the N

5. fray
If you say that something is fraying at the edges or is fraying around the edges , you mean that it has an uncertain or unsteady quality, for example because it is gradually being spoiled or destroyed.

- There are signs that the alliance is now fraying at the edges.

- Their marriage is getting a little frayed around the edges.

- The champion, too, looked frayed at the edges.

PHR: V inflects

fray

verb

wear thin

chafe

rub

wear

freak

[D.J.:fri:k]

[K.K.:frik]

n.

畸形生物;怪物

反常的事, 怪事

有怪癖的人, 奇形怪状的人

对某一事爱好入迷者

adj.

反常的, 稀罕的

vi.

freak out

(使)强烈反应，震惊，畏惧

freaked

有斑点的,花的,有条纹的

freaking

[D.J.:ˈfri:kiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfrikɪŋ]

Ⅰadj.

(用以加强语气)该死的，使人憎厌的，糟透的

Ⅱadv.

非常，十分，极

freak **

1. freak
A freak event or action is one that is a very unusual or extreme example of its type.

- Weir broke his leg in a freak accident playing golf.

- The ferry was hit by a freak wave off the North Wales coast.

ADJ: ADJ n
= bizarre chance

2. freak freaks
If you describe someone as a particular kind of freak , you are emphasizing that they are very enthusiastic about a thing or activity, and often seem to think about nothing else. (INFORMAL)

- Oat bran became the darling of health freaks last year.

- ...computer freaks.

N-COUNT: n N
= fanatic

See also control freak .

3. freak freaks
People are sometimes referred to as freaks when their behaviour or attitude is very different from that of the majority of people.

- However, outside of these institutions the black thinking woman is looked upon as a freak.

- Not so long ago, transsexuals were regarded as freaks.

N-COUNT disapproval

4. freak freaks
If you refer to someone as a freak , you mean that they are physically abnormal in some way. This use could cause offence.
N-COUNT disapproval

5. freak freaks freaking freaked
If someone freaks , or if something freaks them, they suddenly feel extremely surprised, upset, angry, or confused. (INFORMAL)

- I saw five cop cars pull into the driveway. And I literally freaked.

- I think they got freaked by women laughing at them.

V-ERG

6. freak out freaks out; freaking out; freaked out
Freak out means the same as freak .

- I remember the first time I went onstage. I freaked out completely.

- I think our music freaks people out sometimes.

- It sort of frightens me. I guess I am kind of freaked out by it.

PHR-V-ERG

freak

noun

1.

oddity

aberration

anomaly

malformation

monstrosity

weirdo or weirdie informal

2.

enthusiast

addict

aficionado

buff informal

devotee

fan

fanatic

fiend informal

nut slang

adjective

3.

abnormal

exceptional

unparalleled

unusual

freakish

[D.J.:ˈfri:kiʃ]

[K.K.:ˈfrikɪʃ]

adj.

异想天开的,朝三暮四的,奇特的,畸形的

freakish

freakish
Something that is freakish is remarkable because it is not normal or natural.

- ...his freakish voice varying from bass to soprano.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

freaky

[D.J.:ˈfri:ki]

[K.K.:ˈfriki]

adj.

畸形的,捉摸不定的

freaky

freaky freakier freakiest
If someone or something is freaky , they are very unusual in some way. (INFORMAL)

- This guy bore a really freaky resemblance to Jones.

ADJ-GRADED
= weird strange

freckle

[D.J.:ˈfrekəl]

[K.K.:ˈfrɛkəl]

n.

雀斑, 斑点

freckles

雀斑

freckle

freckle freckles
Freckles are small light brown spots on someone's skin, especially on their face.

- He had short ginger-coloured hair and freckles.

N-COUNT: usu pl

freckled

freckled
If a part of your body is freckled , it has freckles on it.

- ...a slight man with auburn hair and a freckled face.

ADJ-GRADED

free

[D.J.:fri:]

[K.K.:fri]

adj.

自由的; 不受约束的

免费的, 无偿的

空闲的; 不忙的

摆脱…的; 不受…影响的

adv.

免费地

自由地, 无拘束地

vt.

免除; 释放

freeing

[ˈfri:iŋ]

n.

解除

freely

[D.J.:ˈfri:lɪ]

adv.

自由地,随意地,免费地

freer

[D.J.:ˈfri:ə]

[K.K.:ˈfriɚ]

n.

给予自由的人或事物

free *****

1. free
If something is free , you can have it or use it without paying for it.

- The seminars are free, with lunch provided.

- ...a free brochure with details of gift vouchers.

ADJ
free of charge : see charge .

2. free freer freest
Someone or something that is free is not restricted, controlled, or limited, for example by rules, customs, or other people.

- The government will be free to pursue its economic policies.

- The elections were free and fair.

- Economists argued that freer markets would quickly revive the region's economy.

- He fears that until state subsidies are removed, Russia will never have a truly free press.

- Dogs were allowed to roam free and 48 sheep were killed.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf

3. freely

- They cast their votes freely and without coercion on election day.

- Merchandise can now circulate freely among the 12 EC countries.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

4. free frees freeing freed
If you free someone of something that is unpleasant or restricting, you remove it from them.

- It will free us of a whole lot of debt.

- The 30-year-old star is trying to free himself from his recording contract.

VB

5. free
Someone who is free is no longer a prisoner or a slave.

- He walked from the court house a free man.

- More than ninety prisoners have been set free so far under a government amnesty.

ADJ: ADJ n, v-link ADJ, ADJ after v

6. free frees freeing freed
To free a prisoner or a slave means to let them go or release them from prison.

- Israel is set to free more Lebanese prisoners.

- The act had a specific intent, to protect freed slaves from white mobs.

VB

7. free
If someone or something is free of or free from an unpleasant thing, they do not have it or they are not affected by it.

- ...a future far more free of fear...

- She retains her slim figure and is free of wrinkles.

- The filtration system provides the crew with clean air free from fumes.

ADJ: v-link ADJ of/from n
= without

8. free
A sum of money or type of goods that is free of tax or duty is one that you do not have to pay tax on.
ADJ: v-link ADJ of n
See also duty-free , interest-free , tax-free .

9. free frees freeing freed
To free someone or something means to make them available for a task or function that they were previously not available for.

- Toolbelts free both hands and lessen the risk of dropping hammers.

- His deal with Disney will run out shortly, freeing him to pursue his own project.

- There were more civilians working for the police, freeing officers from desk jobs.

VB

10. free up frees up; freeing up; freed up
Free up means the same as free .

- It can handle even the most complex graphic jobs, freeing up your computer for other tasks.

PHR-V

11. free
If you have a free period of time or are free at a particular time, you are not working or occupied then.

- She spent her free time shopping.

- I used to write during my free periods at school.

- I am always free at lunchtime.

ADJ

12. free
If something such as a table or seat is free , it is not being used or occupied by anyone, or is not reserved for anyone to use.

- There was only one seat free on the train.

- They took the only free table, which was just inside the door.

ADJ

13. free
If you get something free or if it gets free , it is no longer trapped by anything or attached to anything.

- The severe conditions hampered attempts to pull the vessel free of the rig.

- He pulled his arm free, and strode for the door.

- The shark was writhing around wildly, trying to get free.

ADJ: v n ADJ, v-link ADJ, oft ADJ of n

14. free frees freeing freed
If you free someone or something, you remove them from the place in which they have been trapped or become fixed.

- It took firemen two hours to cut through the drive belt to free him.

- He managed to free one hand to ward off a punch.

VB

15. free
When someone is using one hand or arm to hold or move something, their other hand or arm is referred to as their free one.

- He snatched up the receiver and his free hand groped for the switch on the bedside lamp.

- She checked her fall with her free arm.

ADJ: ADJ n

16. free freer freest
If you say that someone is free with something such as advice or money, you mean that they give a lot of it, sometimes when it is not wanted.

- They weren't always so free with their advice.

- They would often be free with criticism, some of it unjustified.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with n disapproval

17. free
You say ` feel free ' when you want to give someone permission to do something, in a very willing way. (INFORMAL)

- Go right ahead. Feel free.

- If you have any questions at all, please feel free to ask me.

PHR: oft PHR to-inf formulae

18. free
If you do something or get something for free , you do it without being paid or get it without having to pay for it. (INFORMAL)

- I wasn't expecting you to do it for free.

- Why waste £250 when you could get it for free?

PHR: PHR after v

19. free
You say that you will express a critical opinion about something for free when you want to emphasize how strongly you feel about it.

- I'll tell you one thing for free: I can't stand him.

PHR: v n PHR emphasis

free up *****

free up frees up; freeing up; freed up
To free up a market, economy, or system means to make it operate with fewer restrictions and controls.

- ...policies for freeing up markets and extending competition.

PHR-V

freely **

1. freely
Freely means many times or in large quantities.

- We have referred freely to his ideas.

- George was spending very freely.

- ...the United States, where consumer goods are freely available.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj

2. freely
If you can talk freely , you can talk without needing to be careful about what you say.

- She wondered whether he had someone to whom he could talk freely.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
= unreservedly

3. freely
If someone gives or does something freely , they give or do it willingly, without being ordered or forced to do it.

- Danny shared his knowledge freely with anyone interested.

- Williams freely admits he lives for racing.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= willingly voluntarily

4. freely
If something or someone moves freely , they move easily and smoothly, without any obstacles or resistance.

- The clay court was slippery and he was unable to move freely.

- You must allow the clubhead to swing freely.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

freer

freer
Freer is the comparative of free .

freest

freest
Freest is the superlative of free .

free

adjective

1.

for nothing

complimentary

for free informal

free of charge

gratis

gratuitous

on the house

unpaid

without charge

2.

at liberty

at large

footloose

independent

liberated

loose

on the loose

unfettered

3.

allowed

able

clear

permitted

unimpeded

unrestricted

4.

available

empty

idle

spare

unemployed

unoccupied

unused

vacant

5.

generous

lavish

liberal

unsparing

unstinting

verb

6.

release

deliver

let out

liberate

loose

set free

turn loose

unchain

untie

7.

extricate

cut loose

disengage

disentangle

rescue

freely

adverb

1.

willingly

of one's own accord

of one's own free will

spontaneously

voluntarily

without prompting

2.

openly

candidly

frankly

plainly

unreservedly

without reserve

3.

abundantly

amply

copiously

extravagantly

lavishly

liberally

unstintingly

-free

-free
-free combines with nouns to form adjectives that indicate that something does not have the thing mentioned, or has only a little of it. For example, sugar-free drinks do not contain any sugar, and lead-free petrol is made using only a small amount of lead.

- ...a salt-free diet.

COMB in ADJ

free agent

1. free agent free agents
If you say that someone is a free agent , you are emphasizing that they can do whatever they want to do, because they are not responsible to anyone or for anyone.

- We are not free agents; we abide by the decisions of our president.

N-COUNT

2. free agent free agents
If a sports player is a free agent , he or she is free to sign a contract with any team. (AM)
N-COUNT

free and easy

free and easy
Someone or something that is free and easy is casual and informal.

- ...the free and easy atmosphere of these caf´es.

ADJ-GRADED also free-and-easy .
= easy-going laid-back

freebie

[D.J.:ˈfri:bi:]

[K.K.:ˈfribi]

n.

<非正><尤美>免费赠品(礼物、膳食等)

freebie *

freebie freebies
A freebie is something that you are given, usually by a company, without having to pay for it. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

freedom

[D.J.:ˈfri:dəm]

[K.K.:ˈfridəm]

n.

自由, 自主

自由权

freedom ****

1. freedom
Freedom is the state of being allowed to do what you want to do. Freedoms are instances of this.

- ...freedom of speech...

- They want greater political freedom.

- Today we have the freedom to decide our own futures.

- The United Nations Secretary-General has spoken of the need for individual freedoms and human rights.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. freedom
When prisoners or slaves are set free or escape, they gain their freedom .

- ...the agreement worked out by the UN, under which all hostages and detainees would gain their freedom.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N
= liberty

3. freedom
Freedom from something you do not want means not being affected by it.

- ...all the freedom from pain that medicine could provide.

- ...freedom from government control.

N-UNCOUNT: N from n

4. freedom
The freedom of a particular city is a special honour which is given to a famous person who is connected with that city, or to someone who has performed some special service for the city.

- He was given the Freedom of the City of Dublin by the Lord Mayor.

N-SING: the N of n

freedom

noun

1.

liberty

deliverance

emancipation

independence

release

2.

opportunity

blank cheque

carte blanche

discretion

free rein

latitude

licence

freedom fighter *

freedom fighter freedom fighters
If you refer to someone as a freedom fighter , you mean that they belong to a group that is trying to change the government of their country using violent methods, and you agree with or approve of this.
N-COUNT approval

free enterprise *

free enterprise
Free enterprise is an economic system in which businesses compete for profit without much government control.
N-UNCOUNT

free fall

1. free fall free falls
If the value or price of something goes into free fall , it starts to fall uncontrollably. (JOURNALISM)

- Sterling went into free fall.

- The price did a free fall.

N-VAR: oft into/in N also free-fall .

2. free fall
In parachuting, free fall is the part of the jump before the parachute opens.
N-UNCOUNT also free-fall .

free-floating

[D.J.:ˈfri:ˈfləʊtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfriˈflotɪŋ]

adj.

未承担义务的；举棋不定的；不受约束的

free-floating

free-floating
Free-floating things or people are able to move freely and are not controlled or directed by anything.

- ...a system of free-floating exchange rates.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ restricted

freefone

n.

话费总付电话,免费电话

freefone

freefone
A freefone telephone number is one which you can dial without having to pay for the call. (TRADEMARK) (BRIT; in AM use toll-free )

- ...London's Freefone emergency housing helpline.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N num, N n also freephone .

free-for-all

[D.J.:ˈfri:fəˌɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈfrifɚˌɔl]

n.

可自由参加的竞赛[争],混战

free-for-all

1. free-for-all
A free-for-all is a situation in which several people or groups are trying to get something for themselves and there are no controls on how they do it.
N-SING

2. free-for-all free-for-alls
A free-for-all is a disorganized fight or argument which lots of people join in.
N-COUNT

free-for-all

noun

fight

brawl

dust-up informal

fracas

melee or mêl´ee

riot

row

scrimmage

free form

free form
A free form work of art or piece of music has not been created according to a standard style or convention.

- ...free-form jazz.

ADJ: ADJ n also free-form .

freehand

[D.J.:ˈfri:hænd]

[K.K.:ˈfriˌhænd]

adj.,n.

徒手画(的)

freehand

1. freehand
A freehand drawing is drawn without using instruments such as a ruler or a pair of compasses.

- ...freehand sketches.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. freehand
Also an adverb.

- Use a template or stencil or simply do it freehand.

ADV: ADV after v

freehold

[D.J.:ˈfri:həuld]

[K.K.:ˈfriˌhold]

n.

自由保有,不动产

freehold

1. freehold freeholds
If you have the freehold of a building or piece of land, it is yours for life and there are no conditions regarding your ownership.

- People owning leasehold homes will be given a new right to buy the freehold of their property.

N-VAR

2. freehold
If a building or piece of land is freehold , you can own it for life.

- The property register will also say whether the property is freehold or leasehold.

ADJ

freeholder

不动产的所有权,世袭地的保有权

freeholder

freeholder freeholders
A freeholder is someone who owns the freehold to a particular piece of land.
N-COUNT

free house

free house free houses
In Britain, a free house is a pub which is not owned by a particular company and so can sell whatever beers it chooses.
N-COUNT

free kick *

free kick free kicks
In a game of soccer, when there is a free kick , the ball is given to a member of one side to kick because a member of the other side has broken a rule.
N-COUNT

freelance

[D.J.:ˈfri:lɑ:ns]

[K.K.:ˈfriˌlæns]

vi.

当自由职业者

freelance *

1. freelance
Someone who does freelance work or who is, for example, a freelance journalist or photographer is not employed by one organization, but is paid for each piece of work they do by the organization they do it for.

- Michael Cross is a freelance journalist.

- Jill was starting to get some freelance writing jobs from trade magazines.

- She had a baby and decided to go freelance.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. freelance
Also an adverb.

- He is now working freelance from his home in Hampshire.

ADV: ADV after v

3. freelance freelances
A freelance is the same as a freelancer .
N-COUNT

4. freelance freelances freelancing freelanced
If you freelance , you do freelance work.

- She has freelanced as a writer and researcher and has worked as a TV critic for `Today' newspaper.

VB

freelancer

n.

自由作家;自由记者

freelancer

freelancer freelancers
A freelancer is someone who does freelance work.
N-COUNT

freeloader

n.

不速之客,揩油的人

freeloader

freeloader freeloaders
If you refer to someone as a freeloader , you disapprove of them because they take advantage of other people's kindness, for example by accepting food or accommodation from them, without giving anything in return. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

free love

free love
A belief in free love is the belief that it is acceptable and good to have sexual relationships without marrying, often several relationships at the same time. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-UNCOUNT

freeman

[D.J.:ˈfri:mən]

[K.K.:ˈfrimən]

n.

自由民,享有市民权的人

freeman

freeman freemen
Someone who is a freeman of a particular city has been given a special honour by that city, known as the freedom of the city.

- Peter was made a Freeman of the City of London.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

free market

free market; free markets
A free market is an economic system in which business organizations decide things such as prices and wages, and are not controlled by the government.

- ...the creation of a free market.

- ...free market economies.

N-COUNT: usu sing

free-marketeer

free-marketeer free-marketeers
A free-marketeer is someone, especially a politician, who is in favour of letting market forces control the economy.
N-COUNT

Freemason

[ˈfri:meisn]

n.

共济会会员

Freemason

Freemason Freemasons
A Freemason is a man who is a member of a large secret society. Freemasons promise to help each other, and use a system of secret signs in order to recognize each other.
N-COUNT

freemasonry

[D.J.:ˈfri:meisənri]

[K.K.:ˈfriˌmesənri]

n.

同病相怜,共济会的组织会员

freemasonry

1. freemasonry
Freemasonry is the organization of the Freemasons and their beliefs and practices.

- He was very active in Freemasonry.

N-UNCOUNT

2. freemasonry
Freemasonry is the friendly feeling that exists between people who are of the same kind or who have the same interests.

- ...the freemasonry of sailors.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, usu with supp

free pass

free pass free passes
A free pass is an official document that allows a person to travel or to enter a particular building without having to pay.
N-COUNT

free port

free port free ports
A free port is a port or airport where goods can be brought in from foreign countries without payment of duty if they are going to be exported again.
N-COUNT

Freepost

Freepost
Freepost is a system in Britain which allows you to send mail to certain organizations without paying for the postage. `Freepost' is written on the envelope as part of the address. (TRADEMARK)
N-UNCOUNT

free radical

free radical free radicals
Free radicals are atoms that contain one or more unpaired electrons. Free radicals are believed to be a cause of ageing, heart disease, and some cancers. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl

free-range

[D.J.:ˈfri:ˌreɪndʒ]

[K.K.:ˈfriˌrendʒ]

adj.

在农场自由放养的(鸡)

free-range

free-range
Free-range means relating to a system of keeping animals in which they can move and feed freely on an area of open ground.

- ...free-range eggs.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

freesia

[D.J.:ˈfri:ʒiə]

[K.K.:ˈfriʒə, -ʒiə, -ziə]

n.

小苍兰属植物

freesia

freesia freesias
Freesias are small plants with yellow, pink, white, or purple flowers that are shaped like tubes.
N-VAR

free spirit

free spirit free spirits
If you describe someone as a free spirit , you admire them because they are independent and live as they want to live rather than in a conventional way.
N-COUNT approval

free-standing

adj.

自立的,不需依靠支撑物的

free-standing

free-standing
A free-standing piece of furniture or other object is not fixed to anything, or stands on its own away from other things.

- ...a free-standing cooker.

ADJ

freestyle

[D.J.:ˈfri:stail]

[K.K.:ˈfriˌstaɪl]

n.

(体操或滑冰比赛中)自选动作

(游泳中的)自由式

freestyle *

1. freestyle
Freestyle is used to describe sports competitions, especially in swimming, wrestling, and skiing, in which competitors can use any style or method that they like when they take part.

- ...the 100m freestyle swimming event.

- ...the reigning European Freestyle Champion.

- ...freestyle skiing.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. freestyle
Also a noun.

- She won the 800 metres freestyle.

N-SING

free-thinker

free-thinker free-thinkers
If you refer to someone as a free-thinker , you admire them because they work out their own ideas rather than accepting generally accepted views.
N-COUNT approval

freeway

[D.J.:ˈfri:ˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfriˌwe]

n.

高速公路,快车道

freeway *

freeway freeways
A freeway is a major road that has been specially built for fast travel over long distances. Freeways have several lanes and special places where traffic gets on and leaves. (AM; in BRIT usually use motorway )

- The speed limit on the freeway is 55mph.

- ...Boston's freeway system.

N-COUNT

freewheel

[D.J.:ˈfri:ˈhwi:l, -ˈwi:l]

[K.K.:ˈfriˈhwil, -ˈwil]

n.

自由飞轮

vi.

轻快地行动,凭惯性前进

freewheeling

[D.J.:ˈfri:ˈhwi:liŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfriˈhwilɪŋ, -ˈwi-]

n.

惯性滑行

adj.

惯性滑行的,随心所欲的

freewheel

freewheel freewheels freewheeling freewheeled
If you freewheel , you travel, usually downhill, on a bicycle without using the pedals, or in a vehicle without using the engine.

- He freewheeled back down the course.

VB also free-wheel .

freewheeling

freewheeling
If you refer to someone's freewheeling lifestyle or attitudes, you mean that they behave in a casual, relaxed way without feeling restricted by rules or accepted ways of doing things.

- He has given up his freewheeling lifestyle to settle down with his baby daughter.

- ...an update on corporate affairs delivered in Johnson's unique, freewheeling style.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also free-wheeling .

free will *

1. free will
If you believe in free will , you believe that people have a choice in what they do and that their actions have not been decided in advance by God or by any other power.

- ...the free will of the individual.

N-UNCOUNT

2. free will
If you do something of your own free will , you do it by choice and not because you are forced to do it.

- Would Bethany return of her own free will, as she had promised, or would she have to be fetched?

PHR: PHR after v

freeze

[D.J.:fri:z]

[K.K.:friz]

vt. & vi.

(使)结冰

n.

严寒时期

结冰, 凝固; 冻结

freezes

v.

冻结

freezing

[D.J.:ˈfri:ziŋ]

adj.

严寒的

froze

[D.J.:frəuz]

[K.K.:froz]

freeze 的过去式

frozen

[D.J.:ˈfrəʊzən]

[K.K.:ˈfrozən]

adj.

冷冻的;冷藏的

凝结的;(水或雪)结冰的

(地面)结冰的

<口>寒冷的;严寒的

吓呆的;惊呆的

freeze的过去分词

freeze ***

1. freeze freezes freezing froze frozen
If a liquid or a substance containing a liquid freezes , or if something freezes it, it becomes solid because of low temperatures.

- If the temperature drops below 0°C, water freezes.

- The ground froze solid.

- ...the discovery of how to freeze water at higher temperatures.

- ...frozen puddles.

V-ERG

2. freeze freezes freezing froze frozen
If you freeze something such as food, you preserve it by storing it at a temperature below freezing point. You can also talk about how well food freezes .

- You can freeze the soup at this stage.

- Most fresh herbs will freeze successfully.

V-ERG

3. freeze freezes freezing froze frozen
If something such as a pipe or machine freezes , it becomes blocked or stiff with ice or frozen liquid.

- The water pipes will freeze.

VB

4. freeze freezes freezing froze frozen
When it freezes outside, the temperature falls below freezing point.

- What if it rained and then froze all through those months?

VB

5. freeze freezes
Also a noun.

- The trees were damaged by a freeze in December.

N-COUNT

6. freeze freezes freezing froze frozen
If you freeze , you feel extremely cold.

- The windows didn't fit at the bottom so for a while we froze even in the middle of summer.

- Your hands will freeze doing this.

VB

7. freeze freezes freezing froze frozen
If someone who is moving freezes , they suddenly stop and become completely still and quiet. (WRITTEN)

- She froze when the beam of the flashlight struck her.

VB

8. freeze freezes freezing froze frozen
If the government or a company freeze things such as prices or wages, they state officially that they will not allow them to increase for a fixed period of time.

- They want the government to freeze prices.

- Wages have been frozen and workers laid off.

VB

9. freeze freezes
Also a noun.

- A wage freeze was imposed on all staff earlier this month.

- ...a freeze on the prices of consumer goods.

N-COUNT: with supp

10. freeze freezes freezing froze frozen
If a government freezes a plan or process, they state officially that they will not allow it to continue for a period of time.

- Britain has already frozen its aid programme.

- Diplomatic relations were frozen until August this year.

VB

11. freeze freezes
Also a noun.

- ...a freeze in nuclear weapons programs.

N-COUNT: with supp

12. freeze freezes freezing froze frozen
If someone in authority freezes something such as a bank account, fund, or property, they obtain a legal order which states that it cannot be used or sold for a particular period of time.

- The governor's action freezes 300,000 accounts.

- Under these laws, he said, Mr. Rice's assets could have been frozen.

VB

13. freeze freezes
Also a noun.

- ...a freeze on private savings.

N-COUNT: with supp

freezing *

1. freezing
If you say that something is freezing or freezing cold , you are emphasizing that it is very cold.

- The cinema was freezing.

- ...a freezing January afternoon.

ADJ emphasis

2. freezing
If you say that you are freezing or freezing cold , you emphasizing that you feel very cold.

- `You must be freezing,' she said.

ADJ: v-link ADJ emphasis

3. freezing
Freezing means the same as freezing point .

- It's 15 degrees below freezing.

N-UNCOUNT

froze

froze
Froze is the past tense of freeze .

frozen **

1. frozen
Frozen is the past participle of freeze .

2. frozen
If the ground is frozen it has become very hard because the weather is very cold.

- It was bitterly cold now and the ground was frozen hard.

- ...the frozen bleakness of the Far North.

ADJ

3. frozen
Frozen food has been preserved by being kept at a very low temperature.

- Frozen fish is a very healthy convenience food.

- ...frozen desserts like ice cream.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. frozen
Frozen stiff means the same as frozen .

- He put one hand up to his frozen face.

- I'm frozen to the bone out here.

- It was cold and damp; he pulled up his collar and was aware of being frozen stiff.

PHR: v-link PHR

5. frozen
If you describe someone as frozen , you mean that their body is fixed in a particular position, for example because they are very worried or afraid.

- One boy, aged about 11, looks frozen with fright.

- Katherine was frozen in horror.

ADJ: oft ADJ in/with n

freeze

verb

1.

chill

harden

ice over or up

stiffen

2.

suspend

fix

hold up

inhibit

peg

stop

freezing

adjective

icy

arctic

biting

bitter

chill

frosty

glacial

raw

wintry

frozen

adjective

icy

arctic

chilled

frigid

frosted

icebound

ice-cold

ice-covered

numb

freeze out ***

freeze out freezes out; freezing out; froze out; frozen out
If you freeze someone out of an activity or situation, you prevent them from being involved in it by creating difficulties or by being unfriendly.

- He has sworn that he will freeze Cuba out of the world economy.

PHR-V

freeze over ***

freeze over freezes over; freezing over; froze over; frozen over
If something freezes over , it becomes covered with a layer of ice or other frozen substance.

- The air temperature was well below freezing, and lakes and rivers froze over.

- The lakes are still frozen over.

PHR-V

freeze up ***

freeze up freezes up; freezing up; froze up; frozen up
If something freezes up or if something freezes it up , it becomes completely covered or blocked with ice.

- ...lavatories that often freeze up in winter...

- Ice could freeze up their torpedo release mechanisms.

PHR-V-ERG

freeze-dried

freeze-dried
Freeze-dried food has been preserved by a process of rapid freezing and drying.

- ...freeze-dried instant mashed potato.

- ...freeze-dried coffee granules.

ADJ

freeze-frame

[D.J.:ˈfri:zˌfreɪm]

[K.K.:ˈfrizˌfrem]

冻结显示

freeze-frame

1. freeze-frame freeze-frames
A freeze-frame from a film is an individual picture from it, produced by stopping the film or video tape at that point.

- 6-millimetre film was used because it offered clearer freeze frames than video tape.

N-COUNT

2. freeze-frame
If you watch a film in freeze-frame , you watch it using a facility that allows you to stop the film to look at an individual picture.

- The jury watched the tape dozens of times in slow motion and in freeze frame.

- ...the freeze-frame button on the remote control.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N, N n

freezer

[D.J.:ˈfri:zə]

[K.K.:ˈfrizɚ]

n.

(冰箱的)冷藏室,冷藏车,冷藏库

freezer *

freezer freezers
A freezer is a large container like a fridge in which the temperature is kept below freezing point so that you can store food inside it for long periods.
N-COUNT
= deep freeze

freezing point

1. freezing point
Freezing point is 0° Celsius, the temperature at which water freezes. Freezing point is often used when talking about the weather.

- The temperature remained below freezing point throughout the day.

N-UNCOUNT: usu above/below/to N also freezing-point .

2. freezing point freezing points
The freezing point of a particular substance is the temperature at which it freezes.
N-COUNT: usu with poss also freezing-point .

freight

[D.J.:freit]

[K.K.:fret]

n.

货运; 货物

vt.

运输, 装货于

freighting

[ˈfreitiŋ]

n.

租船货运

freight **

1. freight
Freight is the movement of goods by lorries, trains, ships, or aeroplanes.

- France derives 16% of revenue from air freight.

N-UNCOUNT

2. freight
Freight is goods that are transported by lorries, trains, ships, or aeroplanes.

- ...26 tons of freight...

- 90% of managers wanted to see more freight carried by rail.

N-UNCOUNT

3. freight freights freighting freighted
When goods are freighted , they are transported in large quantities over a long distance.

- From these ports the grain is freighted down to Addis Ababa.

VB: usu passive

freight

noun

1.

transportation

carriage

conveyance

shipment

2.

cargo

burden

consignment

goods

load

merchandise

payload

freight car

freight car freight cars
On a train, a freight car is a large container in which goods are transported. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

freighter

[D.J.:ˈfreɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈfretɚ]

n.

货船

freighter *

freighter freighters
A freighter is a large ship or aeroplane that is designed for carrying freight.
N-COUNT

freight train

freight train freight trains
A freight train is a train on which goods are transported.
N-COUNT

French

[D.J.:frentʃ]

[K.K.:frɛntʃ]

adj.

法国的;法国人的;法语的

n.

法语

excuse/pardon my French

原谅我说粗话(或冒犯的话)

take French leave

不辞而别；擅自离开

French ***

1. French
French means belonging or relating to France, or its people, language, or culture.

- The French parliament has adopted laws banning advertisements for tobacco.

- All the staff are French.

ADJ

2. French
The French are the people who come from France.

- Two-thirds of the French are in favour of limiting foreign imports into Europe.

N-PLURAL

3. French
French is the language spoken by people who live in France and in parts of some other countries, including Belgium, Canada, and Switzerland.

- The villagers spoke French.

N-UNCOUNT

French

adjective

Gallic

French bean

French bean French beans
French beans are narrow green beans that are eaten as a vegetable. They grow on a tall climbing plant and are the cases that contain the seeds of the plant. (BRIT; in AM use string beans )
N-COUNT: usu pl

French bread

French bread
French bread is white bread which is baked in long, thin loaves.
N-UNCOUNT

French Canadian

1. French Canadian
French Canadian means belonging or relating to people who come from the part of Canada where French is spoken.

- French-Canadian nationalism was fuelled in the 1960s.

- ...a young French-Canadian artist.

ADJ also French-Canadian .

2. French Canadian French Canadians
French Canadians are Canadians whose native language is French.

- Up to seventy per cent of French Canadians favour Quebec independence.

N-COUNT also French-Canadian .

French door

French door French doors
French doors are the same as French window s.
N-COUNT: usu pl

French dressing

French dressing
French dressing is a thin sauce made of oil, vinegar, salt, and spices which you put on salad.
N-UNCOUNT

French fries

French fries
French fries are long, thin pieces of potato fried in oil or fat.
N-PLURAL

French horn

French horn French horns
A French horn is a musical instrument of the brass family. It is shaped like a long metal tube with one wide end, wound round in a circle. You play the French horn by blowing into it and moving valves in order to obtain different notes.
N-VAR: oft the N
= horn

Frenchman

[D.J.:ˈfrentʃmən]

[K.K.:ˈfrɛntʃmən]

n.

法国男人

Frenchmen

n.

法国人

Frenchman **

Frenchman Frenchmen
A Frenchman is a man who comes from France.
N-COUNT

French polish

French polish
French polish is a type of varnish which is painted onto wood so that the wood has a hard shiny surface.
N-UNCOUNT

French window

French window French windows
French windows are a pair of glass doors which you go through into a garden or onto a balcony.
N-COUNT: usu pl
= French door

Frenchwoman

[D.J.:ˈfrentʃˌwʊmən]

[K.K.:ˈfrɛntʃˌwʊmən]

n.

法国女人

Frenchwoman **

Frenchwoman Frenchwomen
A Frenchwoman is a woman who comes from France.
N-COUNT

frenetic

[D.J.:frəˈnetɪk]

[K.K.:frəˈnɛtɪk]

adj.

忙乱的, 狂乱的, 狂热的

frenetic *

1. frenetic
If you describe an activity as frenetic , you mean that it is fast and energetic, but rather uncontrolled.

- ...the frenetic pace of life in New York...

- This frenetic activity is the sign of a worried man.

ADJ-GRADED
= frantic

2. frenetically

- Steve and I worked frenetically to ensure that everything would go smoothly.

ADV: usu ADV with v

frenzied

[D.J.:ˈfrenzi:d]

[K.K.:ˈfrɛnzid]

adj.

慌乱的;狂热的, 狂乱的

frenzied *

frenzied
Frenzied activities or actions are wild, excited, and uncontrolled.

- ...the frenzied activity of the general election...

- The man was stabbed to death in a frenzied attack.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= frantic

frenzied

adjective

furious

distracted

feverish

frantic

frenetic

rabid

uncontrolled

wild

frenzy

[D.J.:ˈfrenzi]

[K.K.:ˈfrɛnzi]

n.

狂乱

极度的激动

frenzy *

frenzy frenzies
Frenzy or a frenzy is great excitement or wild behaviour that often results from losing control of your feelings.

- `Get out!' she ordered in a frenzy.

- The country was gripped by a frenzy of nationalism.

N-VAR: oft N of n

frenzy

noun

fury

derangement

hysteria

paroxysm

passion

rage

seizure

frequency

[D.J.:ˈfri:kwənsi]

[K.K.:ˈfrikwənsi]

n.

(某事发生可重复的)频率

经常发生, 频繁

(声波或无线电波的)振动频率; 波段

frequency **

1. frequency
The frequency of an event is the number of times it happens during a particular period.

- The frequency of Kara's phone calls increased rapidly.

- The tanks broke down with increasing frequency.

N-UNCOUNT

2. frequency frequencies
In physics, the frequency of a sound wave or a radio wave is the number of times it vibrates within a specified period of time.

- You can't hear waves of such a high frequency.

- ...a frequency of 24 kilohertz.

- ...low frequency waves.

N-VAR

frequent

[D.J.:ˈfri:kwənt]

[K.K.:ˈfrikwənt]

adj.

时常发生的, 常见的

[friˈkwent]

vt.

常到, 光顾, 常与…交往

frequently

[D.J.:ˈfri:k wəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfrik wəntlɪ]

adv.

频繁地,屡次地

frequent ****

1. frequent
If something is frequent , it happens often.

- Bordeaux is on the main Paris-Madrid line so there are frequent trains.

- He is a frequent visitor to the house.

ADJ-GRADED

2. frequently

- Iron and folic acid supplements are frequently given to pregnant women.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. frequent frequents frequenting frequented
If someone frequents a particular place, they regularly go there. (FORMAL)

- I hear he frequents Kenny's, the Cajun restaurant in Hampstead.

VB

frequent

adjective

1.

common

customary

everyday

familiar

habitual

persistent

recurrent

repeated

usual

verb

2.

visit

attend

be found at

hang out at informal

haunt

patronize

frequently

adverb

often

commonly

habitually

many times

much

not infrequently

repeatedly

fresco

[D.J.:ˈfreskəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈfrɛsko]

n.

壁画

fresco *

fresco frescoes or frescos
A fresco is a picture that is painted on a plastered wall when the plaster is still wet.
N-COUNT
See also alfresco .

fresh

[D.J.:freʃ]

[K.K.:frɛʃ]

adj.

新鲜的, 鲜嫩的

新的, 新到的, 新近的

精神饱满的, 生气勃勃的

另外的, 外加的; 重新的

(水)淡的, 无盐味的

fresher

n.

大学一年级新生,新鲜人

freshness

n.

气味清新地,精神饱满地,刚

fresh ****

1. fresh
A fresh thing or amount replaces or is added to a previous thing or amount.

- He asked Strathclyde police, which carried out the original investigation, to make fresh inquiries.

- I need a new challenge and a fresh start somewhere else.

ADJ: ADJ n
= new

2. fresh fresher freshest
Something that is fresh has been done, made, or experienced recently.

- There were no fresh car tracks or footprints in the snow.

- A puppy stepped in the fresh cement.

- With the memory of the bombing fresh in her mind, Eleanor became increasingly agitated.

ADJ-GRADED

3. fresh fresher freshest
Fresh food has been picked or produced recently, and has not been preserved, for example by being frozen or put in a tin.

- ...locally caught fresh fish.

- ...fresh fruit.

ADJ-GRADED

4. freshness

- With oysters, as with all seafood, freshness equals quality.

N-UNCOUNT

5. fresh fresher freshest
If you describe something as fresh , you like it because it is new and exciting.

- These designers are full of fresh ideas.

- ...a fresh image.

ADJ-GRADED
= original

6. freshness

- There was a freshness and enthusiasm about the new students.

N-UNCOUNT

7. fresh fresher freshest
If you describe something as fresh , you mean that it is pleasant, bright, and clean in appearance.

- Gingham fabrics always look fresh and pretty.

ADJ-GRADED

8. freshness

- ...the crisp freshness of laundered clothes.

N-UNCOUNT

9. fresh fresher freshest
If something smells, tastes, or feels fresh , it is clean or cool.

- The air was fresh and for a moment she felt revived.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

10. freshness

- ...the freshness of early morning.

N-UNCOUNT

11. fresh
Fresh water is water that is not salty, for example the water from rivers or lakes.

- Fresh water and other commodities are in short supply.

ADJ

12. fresh fresher freshest
If you say that the weather is fresh , you mean that it is fairly cold and windy.

- It was a fine, fresh summer morning, with a bit of a wind.

- Outside the breeze was fresh and from the north.

ADJ-GRADED

13. fresh fresher freshest
Fresh colours are clear, bright, and fairly light.

- ...a semi-circular mosaic, its startling colours still fresh.

ADJ-GRADED

14. fresh fresher freshest
If someone has a fresh face or complexion, their skin looks healthy.

- His fresh complexion made him look younger than he was.

ADJ-GRADED
= glowing

15. fresh fresher freshest
If you feel fresh , you feel full of energy and enthusiasm.

- It's vital we are as fresh as possible for those matches.

- I nearly always wake up fresh and rested.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

16. fresh
Fresh paint is not yet dry. (AM; in BRIT use wet )
ADJ

17. fresh
If you are fresh from a particular place or experience, you have just come from that place or you have just had that experience. You can also say that someone is fresh out of a place.

- I returned to the office, fresh from Heathrow.

- Fresh from their semi-final win over Germany, Britain took a promising early lead.

- From what I've heard he started wheeling and dealing fresh out of college.

ADJ: v-link ADJ from/out of n
= straight

18. fresh
If you are fresh out of something, you have recently used the last of it and have none left. (INFORMAL)

- When I needed a tape to record an interview on I found I was fresh out of cassettes.

PHR: PHR n

fresher

1. fresher
Fresher is the comparative form of fresh .

2. fresher freshers
Freshers are students who have just started their first year at university or college. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use freshmen )
N-COUNT: usu pl

fresh

adjective

1.

new

different

modern

novel

original

recent

up-to-date

2.

additional

added

auxiliary

extra

further

more

other

supplementary

3.

invigorating

bracing

brisk

clean

cool

crisp

pure

refreshing

unpolluted

4.

lively

alert

energetic

keen

refreshed

sprightly

spry

vigorous

5.

natural

unprocessed

6.

cheeky

disrespectful

familiar

forward

impudent

insolent

presumptuous

freshness

noun

1.

novelty

inventiveness

newness

originality

2.

cleanness

brightness

clearness

glow

shine

sparkle

vigour

wholesomeness

fresh-

fresh-
Fresh- is added to past participles in order to form adjectives which describe something as having been recently made or done.

- ...a vase of fresh-cut flowers.

- ...a meadow of fresh-mown hay.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

fresh air *

fresh air
You can describe the air outside as fresh air , especially when you mean that it is good for you because it does not contain dirt or dangerous substances.

- `Let's take the baby outside,' I suggested. `We all need some fresh air.'

N-UNCOUNT: also the N

freshen

[D.J.:ˈfreʃən]

[K.K.:ˈfrɛʃən]

vt.

使某物新鲜

使清爽或鲜亮

freshen up; freshen yourself up

梳洗打扮

freshen sth up

(使)洁净，宜人，新鲜

freshening

淡化(的)

freshen

freshen freshens freshening freshened
If the wind freshens , it becomes stronger and colder.

- The wind had freshened.

VB

freshen

verb Informal

refresh

enliven

freshen up

liven up

restore

revitalize

freshen up

1. freshen up freshens up; freshening up; freshened up
If you freshen something up , you make it clean and pleasant in appearance or smell.

- A thorough brushing helps to freshen up your mouth.

- My room needed a lick of paint to freshen it up.

PHR-V

2. freshen up freshens up; freshening up; freshened up
If you freshen up , you wash your hands and face and make yourself look neat and tidy.

- After Martine had freshened up, they went for a long walk.

PHR-V

freshly

[D.J.:ˈfreʃlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfrɛʃlɪ]

adv.

新地；新鲜地

鲜艳地；鲜明地

精神饱满地；强劲地

无经验地；不熟练地

清新地；凉爽地

刚，才

freshly **

freshly
If something is freshly made or done, it has been recently made or done.

- ...freshly baked bread.

- ...freshly cut grass.

ADV: ADV -ed
= recently

freshman

[D.J.:ˈfreʃmən]

[K.K.:ˈfrɛʃmən]

n.

(中学或大学的)一年级学生

freshman *

freshman freshmen
In America, a freshman is a student who is in his or her first year at university or college.
N-COUNT

freshwater

[D.J.:ˈfreʃˌwɔ:tə, -ˌwɔtə]

[K.K.:ˈfrɛʃˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ]

adj.

淡水的

freshwater *

freshwater
A freshwater lake contains water that is not salty, usually in contrast to the sea. Freshwater creatures live in water that is not salty.

- ...Lake Balaton, the largest freshwater lake in Europe...

- The perch is a freshwater fish.

ADJ: ADJ n

fret

[D.J.:fret]

[K.K.:frɛt]

vt. & vi.

(使某人)不愉快, 烦躁

vt.

磨损, 咬坏

以刻出的或锯出的图案装饰

frets

[frets]

n.

基质间片

fretted

adj.

焦躁的,附有弦马的,腐蚀的

fretting

表面侵蚀;剥蚀;摩擦腐蚀;微振磨损

fret *

1. fret frets fretting fretted
If you fret about something, you worry about it.

- I was working all hours and constantly fretting about everyone else's problems.

- But congressional staffers fret that the project will eventually cost billions more.

- Don't fret, Mary. This is all some crazy mistake, and Max will fix it.

VB
= worry

2. fret frets
The frets on a musical instrument such as a guitar are the raised lines across its neck.
N-COUNT

fret

verb

worry

agonize

brood

grieve

lose sleep over

upset or distress oneself

fretful

[D.J.:ˈfretfəl]

[K.K.:ˈfrɛtfəl]

adj.

烦躁不安的

fretfully

adv.

烦躁不安地

fretfulness

n.

烦躁不安

fretfully

adv.

焦躁地,焦急地

fretful

fretful
If someone is fretful , they behave in a way that shows that they worried or unhappy about something.

- Don't assume your baby automatically needs feeding if she's fretful.

ADJ-GRADED

fretful

adjective

irritable

crotchety informal

edgy

fractious

querulous

short-tempered

testy

touchy

uneasy

fretwork

[D.J.:ˈfretˌwɜ:k]

[K.K.:ˈfrɛtˌwə..k]

n.

回纹饰;线条与空间图案; 回纹饰工序

fretwork

fretwork
Fretwork is wood or metal that has been decorated by cutting bits of it out to make a pattern.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

Freudian

[D.J.:ˈfrɔɪdi:ən]

[K.K.:ˈfrɔɪdiən]

adj.

弗洛伊德精神分析法的;(尤指性方面)表示出内心思想感情的

n.

弗洛伊德的信徒

a Freudian slip

失言，漏嘴

Freudian

Freudian
Freudian means relating to the ideas and methods of the psychiatrist Freud, especially to his ideas about people's subconscious sexual feelings.

- ...the Freudian theory about daughters falling in love with their father.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

Freudian slip

Freudian slip Freudian slips
If someone accidentally says something that reveals their subconscious feelings, especially their sexual feelings, this is referred to as a Freudian slip .
N-COUNT

Fri

abbr.

Friday 星期五

Fri

abbr.

Friday 星期五

Fri. **

Fri.
Fri. is a written abbreviation for Friday .

friar

[D.J.:ˈfraɪə]

[K.K.:ˈfraɪɚ]

n.

天主教会修士

friar *

friar friars
A friar is a member of one of several Catholic religious orders.
N-COUNT

friction

[D.J.:ˈfrikʃən]

[K.K.:ˈfrɪkʃən]

n.

摩擦; 摩擦力

冲突, 不和

friction *

1. friction
If there is friction between people, there is disagreement and argument between them.

- Sara sensed that there had been friction between her children.

- The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
= conflict

2. friction
Friction is the force that makes it difficult for things to move freely when they are touching each other.

- The pistons are graphite-coated to reduce friction.

N-UNCOUNT
= resistance

3. friction
Friction is the rubbing of one object against another.

- ...the friction of his leg against hers.

N-UNCOUNT

friction

noun

1.

rubbing

abrasion

chafing

grating

rasping

resistance

scraping

2.

hostility

animosity

bad blood

conflict

disagreement

discord

dissension

resentment

Friday

[D.J.:ˈfraidi]

[K.K.:ˈfraɪdi, -ˌde]

n.

星期五

Fridays

星期五,每星期五

Friday *****

Friday Fridays
Friday is the day after Thursday and before Saturday.

- Mr Cook is intending to go to the Middle East on Friday.

- ...Friday 6 November...

- I get home at half seven on a Friday.

N-VAR

fridge

[D.J.:fridʒ]

[K.K.:frɪdʒ]

n.

冰箱

fridge **

fridge fridges
A fridge is a large metal container which is kept cool, usually by electricity, so that food that is put in it stays fresh. (mainly BRIT; in AM use refrigerator )
N-COUNT
= refrigerator

friend

[D.J.:frend]

[K.K.:frɛnd]

n.

朋友, 友人

同胞; 自己人, 同盟者

资助者, 捐助者

friend *****

1. friend friends
A friend is someone who you know well and like, but who is not related to you.

- I had a long talk about this with my best friend.

- She never was a close friend of mine.

- ...Sara's old friend, Ogden.

N-COUNT

2. friend friends
If you are friends with someone, you are their friend and they are yours.

- I still wanted to be friends with Alison.

- We remained good friends.

- Sally and I became friends.

N-PLURAL: oft N with n

3. friend friends
The friends of a country, cause, organization, or a famous politician are the people and organizations who help and support them.

- ...the friends of Israel.

- ...The Friends of Birmingham Royal Ballet.

N-PLURAL: oft in names

4. friend friends
If one country refers to another as a friend , they mean that the other country is not an enemy of theirs.

- The president said that Japan is now a friend and international partner.

N-COUNT
= ally

5. friend
If you make friends with someone, you begin a friendship with them. You can also say that two people make friends .

- He has made friends with the kids on the street.

- Dennis made friends easily.

- He had made a friend of both girls.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, usu PHR with n

friend

noun

1.

companion

buddy informal

chum informal

comrade

mate informal

pal

playmate

2.

supporter

ally

associate

patron

well-wisher

friendless

[ˈfrendlis]

adj.

没有朋友的,无依无靠的

friendless

friendless
Someone who is friendless has no friends.

- The boy was unhappy because he thought he was friendless.

ADJ

friendliness

[D.J.:ˈfrendlɪnɪs]

[K.K.: ˈfrɛndlɪnɪs]

n.

友情;亲切；友善

friendly

[D.J.:ˈfrendli]

[K.K.:ˈfrɛndli]

adj.

友好的, 友谊的

和睦的, 融洽的

friendly ***

1. friendly friendlier friendliest
If someone is friendly , they behave in a pleasant, kind way, and like to be with other people.

- Godfrey had been friendly to me.

- ...a man with a pleasant, friendly face...

- Robert has a friendly relationship with his customers.

- ...a friendly atmosphere...

- Your cat isn't very friendly.

ADJ-GRADED
= affable amiable

2. friendliness

- She also loves the friendliness of the people.

N-UNCOUNT

3. friendly friendlier friendliest
If you are friendly with someone, you like each other and enjoy spending time together.

- I'm friendly with his mother.

- Asmus became friendly with a number of writers and appeared in print as a literary critic.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n

4. friendly friendlier friendliest
You can describe another country or their government as friendly when they have good relations with your own country rather than being an enemy.

- ...a worsening in relations between the two previously friendly countries.

ADJ-GRADED

5. friendly friendlies
In sport, a friendly is a match which is not part of a competition, and is played for entertainment or practice, often without any serious effort to win. (BRIT; in AM use exhibition game )

- Athletic Bilbao agreed to play a friendly at Real Sociedad.

N-COUNT

6. friendly
Also an adjective.

- Austria beat Hungary 3-nil in a friendly match at Salzburg on Wednesday.

ADJ: ADJ n

friendliness

noun

kindliness

affability

amiability

congeniality

conviviality

geniality

neighbourliness

sociability

warmth

friendly

adjective

sociable

affectionate

amicable

close

familiar

helpful

intimate

neighbourly

on good terms

pally informal

sympathetic

welcoming

-friendly

1. -friendly
-friendly combines with nouns to form adjectives which describe things that are not harmful to the specified part of the natural world.

- Palm oil is environment-friendly.

- ...ozone-friendly fridges.

COMB in ADJ

2. -friendly
-friendly combines with nouns to form adjectives which describe things which are intended for or suitable for the specified person, especially things that are easy for them to understand, appreciate, or use.

- ...customer-friendly banking facilities.

COMB in ADJ
See also user-friendly .

friendly society

friendly society friendly societies
A friendly society is an organization to which people regularly pay small amounts of money and which then gives them money when they retire or when they are ill. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

friendship

[D.J.:ˈfrendʃip]

[K.K.:ˈfrɛndˌʃɪp]

n.

友情, 友谊, 友好

friendship ***

1. friendship friendships
A friendship is a relationship between two or more friends.

- Giving advice when it's not called for is the quickest way to end a good friendship.

- She struck up a close friendship with Desiree during the week of rehearsals.

- After seven years of friendship, she still couldn't tell when he was kidding.

N-VAR

2. friendship
You use friendship to refer in a general way to the state of being friends, or the feelings that friends have for each other.

- ...a hobby which led to a whole new world of friendship and adventure.

N-UNCOUNT

3. friendship
If you have someone's friendship , they are your friend.

- He had the friendship of Terry Jones and the respect of John Cleese.

- Steve really values your friendship more than anything else.

N-SING: with poss

4. friendship friendships
Friendship is a relationship between two countries in which they help and support each other.

- The President set the targets for the future to promote friendship with East Europe.

- They were reaching out the hand of friendship to their former adversaries of the Cold War.

- Restoring ties with Israel would not affect Bulgaria's traditional friendships with other countries.

N-VAR
= goodwill

friendship

noun

goodwill

affection

amity

attachment

concord

familiarity

friendliness

harmony

intimacy

frieze

[D.J.:fri:z]

[K.K.:friz]

n.

(柱顶过梁和挑檐间的)雕带;(墙顶的)饰带

frieze

frieze friezes
A frieze is a decoration high up on the walls of a room or just under the roof of a building. It consists of a long panel of carving or a long strip of paper with a picture or pattern on it.
N-COUNT

frigate

[D.J.:ˈfrɪgɪt]

[K.K.:ˈfrɪɡɪt]

n.

快速军舰

frigate *

frigate frigates
A frigate is a fairly small ship owned by the navy that can move at fast speeds. Frigates are often used to protect other ships.
N-COUNT

frigging

[D.J.:ˈfriɡiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfrɪɡɪŋ]

adj.

受诅咒的,要命的,可恨的

frigging

frigging
Frigging is used by some people to emphasize what they are saying, especially when they are angry or annoyed about something. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

fright

[D.J.:fraɪt]

[K.K.:fraɪt]

n.

惊恐, 惊吓

the fright of your life

吓死了；吓了一大跳

take fright (at sth)

被…吓着；受惊吓

fright *

1. fright
Fright is a sudden feeling of fear, especially the fear that you feel when something unpleasant surprises you.

- The steam pipes rattled suddenly, and Franklin uttered a shriek and jumped with fright.

- The birds smashed into the top of their cages in fright.

- To hide my fright I asked a question.

N-UNCOUNT

2. fright frights
A fright is an experience which makes you suddenly afraid.

- The snake picked up its head and stuck out its tongue which gave everyone a fright.

- The last time you had a real fright, you nearly crashed the car.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= scare

3. fright
If a person or animal takes fright at something, they are suddenly frightened by it, and want to run away or to stop doing what they are doing.

- An untrained horse had taken fright at the sound of gunfire.

- When costs soared, the studio took fright and recalled the company from Rome.

PHR: V inflects
the fright of your life : see life .

fright

noun

fear

alarm

consternation

dread

horror

panic

scare

shock

trepidation

frighten

[D.J.:ˈfraitən]

[K.K.:ˈfraɪtn]

vt. & vi.

(使)惊恐

vt.

吓唬

frightened

[D.J.:ˈfraitnd]

adj.

害怕的

frightening

[D.J.:ˈfraɪtnɪŋ]

adj.

吓人的,可怕的

frighteningly

adv.

吓人地

frighteningly

adv.

令人恐惧地,引起突然惊恐地

frighten **

1. frighten frightens frightening frightened
If something or someone frightens you, they cause you to suddenly feel afraid, anxious, or nervous.

- He knew that Soli was trying to frighten him, so he smiled to hide his fear.

- Most children are frightened by the sight of blood.

VB
= scare

2. frighten
If something frightens the life out of you, frightens the wits out of you, or frightens you out of your wits , it causes you to feel suddenly afraid or gives you a very unpleasant shock.

- Fairground rides are intended to frighten the life out of you.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

frightened **

frightened
If you are frightened , you are anxious or afraid, often because of something that has just happened or that you think may happen.

- She was frightened of flying.

- Miriam was too frightened to tell her family what had happened.

ADJ-GRADED: oft v-link ADJ of n/-ing, ADJ to-inf

frightening **

1. frightening
If something is frightening , it makes you feel afraid, anxious, or nervous.

- It was a very frightening experience and they were very courageous.

- The number of youngsters involved in crime is frightening.

ADJ-GRADED
= alarming

2. frighteningly

- The country is frighteningly close to possessing nuclear weapons.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

frighten

verb

scare

alarm

intimidate

petrify

shock

startle

terrify

terrorize

unnerve

frightened

adjective

afraid

alarmed

petrified

scared

scared stiff

startled

terrified

terrorized

terror-stricken

frightening

adjective

terrifying

alarming

fearful

fearsome

horrifying

menacing

scary informal

shocking

unnerving

frighten away, frighten off **

1. frighten away frightens away; frightening away; frightened away
If you frighten away a person or animal or frighten them off , you make them afraid so that they run away or stay some distance away from you.

- The fishermen said the company's seismic survey was frightening away fish.

- He fired into the air, hoping that the noise would frighten them off.

PHR-V

2. frighten away frightens away; frightening away; frightened away
To frighten someone away or frighten them off means to make them nervous so that they decide not to become involved with a particular person or activity.

- Building society repossessions have frightened buyers off.

- The government is convinced that the bombers want to frighten away foreign investors.

PHR-V
= put off

frighten into **

frighten into frightens into; frightening into; frightened into
If you frighten someone into doing something they would not normally do, you make them do it by making them afraid not to do it.

- He was a bully. He tried to frighten people into doing what he wanted.

PHR-V

frightful

[D.J.:ˈfraɪtfəl]

[K.K.:ˈfraɪtfəl]

adj.

吓人的,令人惊恐的;令人不快的,可怕的

frightfully

adv.

可怕地

frightfully

[D.J.:fraɪtfəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfraɪtfəlɪ]

adv.

<口>极其,非常

可怕地

frightful *

1. frightful
Frightful means very bad or unpleasant. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- My father was unable to talk about the war, it was so frightful.

ADJ-GRADED
= terrible

2. frightful
Frightful is used to emphasize the extent or degree of something, usually something bad. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- He got himself into a frightful muddle.

- What frightful gossips people are, even one's best friends.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= dreadful

3. frightfully

- I'm most frightfully sorry about this.

- You're frightfully good at this sort of thing.

ADV: ADV adj/adv
= terribly

frightful

adjective

terrifying

alarming

awful

dreadful

fearful

ghastly

horrendous

horrible

terrible

traumatic

frigid

[D.J.:ˈfrɪdʒɪd]

[K.K.:ˈfrɪdʒɪd]

adj.

寒冷的,极冷的

冷漠的,冷淡的

(尤指女人)性冷淡的

frigidly

adv.

寒冷地;冷漠地

frigidness

n.

寒冷,冷漠

frigidity

[D.J.:frɪˈdʒɪdətɪ]

[K.K.:frɪˈdʒɪdətɪ]

n.

寒冷；冷淡；索然无味

<医>(尤指妇女的)性感缺失;性冷淡

frigidly

adv.

冷淡地,呆板地

frigid

1. frigid
Frigid means extremely cold. (FORMAL)

- A snowstorm hit the West today, bringing with it frigid temperatures.

- The water was too frigid to allow him to remain submerged for long.

ADJ-GRADED
= freezing

2. frigid
If a woman is frigid , she finds it difficult to become sexually aroused. You can often use frigid to show disapproval.

- My husband says I am frigid.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

3. frigidity

- ...an inability to experience orgasm (often called frigidity).

N-UNCOUNT

4. frigid
If you describe the atmosphere in a place or someone's behaviour as frigid , you mean that it is very formal and unfriendly.

- He presided at all councils of ministers, where the atmosphere could be frigid on occasions.

- `Well, dear,' her hostess would reply with a frigid smile.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= chilly

frigid

adjective

1.

cold

arctic

frosty

frozen

glacial

icy

wintry

2.

forbidding

aloof

austere

formal

unapproachable

unfeeling

unresponsive

frill

[D.J.:frɪl]

[K.K.:frɪl]

n.

褶边

frilled

adj.

有饰边的

frillery

n.

衣褶边

frilled

adj.

有饰边的

frillery

衣褶边

frills

n.

臭架子,虚饰

frill *

1. frill frills
A frill is a long narrow strip of cloth or paper with many folds in it, which is attached to something as a decoration.

- ...net curtains with frills.

N-COUNT

2. frill frills
If you describe something as having no frills , you mean that it has no extra features, but is acceptable or good if you want something simple.

- This booklet restricts itself to facts without frills.

- ...plain, simple cooking in no-frills surroundings.

N-COUNT: usu with brd-neg, usu pl approval

frills

plural noun

trimmings

additions

bells and whistles

embellishments

extras

frippery

fuss

ornamentation

ostentation

frilled

frilled
A frilled item of clothing is decorated with a frill or frills.

- ...a frilled shirt and floppy cravat.

ADJ: ADJ n

frilly

[ˈfrili]

adj.

镶褶边的

frilly

frilly
Frilly items of clothing or fabric have a lot of frills on them.

- ...maids in frilly aprons.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

fringe

[D.J.:frindʒ]

[K.K.:frɪndʒ]

n.

(头发的)刘海

(外衣, 小地毯等的)饰边, 毛边, 穗子, 流苏

边缘, 外围

vt.

作为…的边缘; 围绕着

fringe **

1. fringe fringes
A fringe is hair which is cut so that it hangs over your forehead. (BRIT; in AM use bangs )
N-COUNT

2. fringe fringes
A fringe is a decoration attached to clothes, or other objects such as curtains, consisting of a row of hanging strips or threads.

- The jacket had leather fringes.

N-COUNT

3. fringe fringes
To be on the fringe or the fringes of a place means to be on the outside edge of it, or to be in one of the parts that are farthest from its centre.

- ...black townships located on the fringes of the city...

- They lived together in a mixed household on the fringe of a campus.

N-COUNT: usu on the N of n

4. fringe fringes
The fringe or the fringes of an activity or organization are its less important, least typical, or most extreme parts, rather than its main and central part.

- The party remained on the fringe of the political scene until last year.

N-COUNT: usu pl, the N of n

5. fringe
Fringe groups or events are less important or popular than other related groups or events.

- The monarchists are a small fringe group who quarrel fiercely among themselves.

- ...the numerous fringe meetings held during the party conference.

ADJ: ADJ n

fringe

noun

1.

border

edging

hem

trimming

2.

edge

borderline

limits

margin

outskirts

perimeter

periphery

adjective

3.

unofficial

unconventional

unorthodox

fringe benefit

1. fringe benefit fringe benefits
Fringe benefits are extra things that some people get from their job in addition to their salary, for example a car.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. fringe benefit fringe benefits
The fringe benefits of doing something are the extra advantages which you get from it, although you may not have expected them and they were not the main reason for doing it.

- His support was one of the nicest fringe benefits of pursuing this research.

N-COUNT: oft N of -ing/n
= bonus

fringed

[frindʒd]

adj.

具流苏的,具…的

fringed *

1. fringed
Fringed clothes, curtains, or lampshades are decorated with fringes.

- Emma wore a fringed scarf round her neck.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. fringed
If a place or object is fringed with something, that thing forms a border around it or is situated along its edges.

- Her eyes were large and brown and fringed with incredibly long lashes.

- ...tiny islands fringed with golden sand.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with n
= edged

frippery

[D.J.:ˈfripəri]

[K.K.:ˈfrɪpəri]

n.

便宜而俗艳的服装,无用的东西

frippery

frippery
If you refer to something as frippery , you mean that it is silly or unnecessary, and only done or worn for pleasure (mainly BRIT)

- ...all the fripperies with which the Edwardian woman indulged herself.

- ...a sombre display, with no frills or frippery.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl disapproval

Frisbee

[ˈfrizbi:]

n.

飞盘（塑料投掷玩具）

Frisbee

Frisbee Frisbees
A frisbee is a light plastic disc that one person throws to another as a game. (TRADEMARK)
N-COUNT

frisk

[D.J.:frɪsk]

[K.K.:frɪsk]

vt.

(用手)搜(某人)的身

vi.

(动物)活蹦乱跳

frisking

搜寻,用污染仪搜查放射性辐射

frisk

frisk frisks frisking frisked
If someone frisks you, they search you, usually with their hands in order to see if you are hiding a weapon or something else such as drugs in your clothes.

- Drago pushed him up against the wall and frisked him.

VB
= body-search

frisk

verb

1.

frolic

caper

cavort

gambol

jump

play

prance

skip

trip

2.

search

check

inspect

run over

shake down U.S. slang

friskily

[ˈfriskili]

adv.

欢跃地,活泼地

frisky

[D.J.:ˈfrɪski:]

[K.K.:ˈfrɪski]

adj.

活泼的,闹着玩的

friskily

adv.

活泼地,闹着玩地

friskiness

n.

活泼,闹着玩

frisky

frisky friskier friskiest
A frisky animal or person is energetic and playful, and may be difficult to control.

- His horse was feeling frisky, and he had to hold the reins tightly.

ADJ-GRADED
= spirited

frisky

adjective Informal

lively

coltish

frolicsome

high-spirited

kittenish

playful

sportive

frisson

[D.J.:friˈsɔn]

[K.K.:friˈsoŋ]

n.

〈法〉(因激动,恐惧等产生的)颤抖

frisson

frisson frissons
A frisson is a short, sudden feeling of excitement or fear. (LITERARY)

- A frisson of apprehension rippled round the theatre.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

fritter

[D.J.:ˈfrɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈfrɪtɚ]

vt.

消耗,浪费

fritter sth away (on sth)

(在…上)浪费金钱，浪费时间

n.

油炸果馅〔肉馅〕饼

fritter

fritter fritters
Fritters are round pieces of fruit, vegetables, or meat that are dipped in batter and fried.

- ...apple fritters.

N-COUNT: usu n N

fritter away

fritter away fritters away; frittering away; frittered away
If someone fritters away time or money, they waste it on unimportant or unnecessary things.

- The firm soon started frittering away the cash it was generating.

- I seem to fritter my time away at coffee mornings.

PHR-V
= squander

fritter away

verb

waste

dissipate

idle away

misspend

run through

spend like water

squander

frivolity

[D.J.:frɪˈvɔlɪti:]

[K.K.:frɪˈvɑlɪti]

n.

轻松的乐事, 兴高采烈

轻浮的举止

frivolity

frivolity frivolities
If you refer to an activity as a frivolity , you think that it is amusing and rather silly, rather than serious and sensible.

- There is a serious message at the core of all this frivolity.

- He was one of my most able pupils, but far too easily distracted by frivolities.

N-VAR

frivolity

noun

fun

flippancy

frivolousness

gaiety

levity

light-heartedness

silliness

superficiality

triviality

frivolous

[D.J.:ˈfrɪvələs]

[K.K.:ˈfrɪvələs]

adj.

不重要的,不必要的;轻浮愚蠢的

frivolousness

n.

不重要,不必要

frivolous *

1. frivolous
If you describe someone as frivolous , you mean they behave in a silly or light-hearted way, rather than being serious and sensible.

- I just decided I was a bit too frivolous to be a doctor.

- Isabelle was a frivolous little fool, vain and flighty.

ADJ-GRADED

2. frivolous
If you describe an activity as frivolous , you disapprove of it because it is not useful and wastes time or money.

- The group says it wants politicians to stop wasting public money on what it believes are frivolous projects.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= futile

frivolous

adjective

1.

flippant

childish

foolish

idle

juvenile

puerile

silly

superficial

2.

trivial

footling informal

minor

petty

shallow

trifling

unimportant

frizz

[D.J.:frɪz]

[K.K.:frɪz]

vt.

<非正>使(头发)卷曲

frizz

frizz
Frizz is frizzy hair.

- Manic brushing will only cause frizz.

N-UNCOUNT

frizzy

[D.J.:ˈfrizi]

[K.K.:ˈfrɪzi]

adj.

卷曲的

frizzy

frizzy frizzier frizziest
Frizzy hair is very tightly curled.

- Carol's hair had a slightly frizzy perm.

ADJ-GRADED

frock

[D.J.:frɔk]

[K.K.:frɑk]

n.

僧袍,教士服

连衣裙

frocks

连衫裙

frock *

frock frocks
A frock is a woman's or girl's dress. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

frock coat

frock coat frock coats
A frock coat was a long coat that was worn by men in the 19th century.
N-COUNT also frock-coat .

frog

[D.J.:frɔɡ]

[K.K.:frɔɡ, frɑɡ]

n.

蛙

frog *

1. frog frogs
A frog is a small creature with smooth skin, big eyes, and long back legs which it uses for jumping. Frogs usually live near water.
N-COUNT

2. frog frogs
Frogs is sometimes used to refer to French people. This use could cause offence. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

frogman

[D.J.:ˈfrɔ:gˌmæn, -mən, ˈfrɔg-]

[K.K.:ˈfrɔɡˌmæn, -mən, ˈfrɑɡ-]

n.

蛙人;潜水员

frogman

frogman frogmen
A frogman is someone whose job involves diving and working underwater, especially in order to mend or search for something. Frogmen wear special rubber suits and shoes, and carry equipment to help them to breathe underwater.
N-COUNT
= diver

frog-march

vt.

使(犯人)面朝下由四人提着四肢行走

frog-march

frog-march frog-marches frog-marching frog-marched
If you are frog-marched somewhere, someone takes you there by force, holding you by the arms or another part of your body so that you have to walk along with them.

- He was frog-marched through the kitchen and out into the yard.

- ...arresting the men and frog-marching them to the local police station.

VB also frogmarch .

frogspawn

n.

蛙卵

frogspawn

frogspawn
Frogspawn is a soft substance like jelly which contains the eggs of a frog.
N-UNCOUNT also frog spawn .

frolic

[D.J.:ˈfrɔlɪk]

[K.K.:ˈfrɑlɪk]

vi.

嬉戏

n.

无忧无虑的快乐时光

frolic *

1. frolic frolics frolicking frolicked
When people or animals frolic , they play or move in a lively, happy way.

- Tourists sunbathe and frolic in the ocean.

- ...lambs frolicking in the fields.

VB

2. frolic frolics
Also a noun.

- Their relationship is never short on fun and frolic.

N-VAR

frolic

verb

1.

play

caper

cavort

frisk

gambol

lark

make merry

romp

sport

noun

2.

revel

antic

game

lark

romp

spree

from

[D.J.: frɔm, frəm]

[K.K.:frʌm, frɑm,frəm]

prep.

(表示时间)从…, 自…

(表示状态)从某(位置、状态等)开始

(表示范围)从较低限度算起

(表示来源)来自…; 源于…; 从…里取出

(表示分离)与…分离[隔开]; 减去; 扣除

(表示否定)免于; 免遭

(表示方位)从…; 以…为开始方向

(表示原因)因为, 出于

(表示比较)与…相比; 与…区分

from *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, from is used in phrasal verbs such as `date from' and `grow away from'.)

1. from
If something comes from a particular person or thing, or if you get something from them, they give it to you or they are the source of it.

- He appealed for information from anyone who saw the attackers.

- ...an anniversary present from his wife...

- The results were taken from six surveys.

- The dirt from the fields drifted like snow.

PREP

2. from
Someone who comes from a particular place lives in that place or originally lived there. Something that comes from a particular place was made in that place.

- ...an art dealer from Zurich...

- Katy Jones is nineteen and comes from Birmingham.

- ...wines from Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence.

PREP

3. from
A person from a particular organization works for that organization.

- ...a representative from the Israeli embassy.

- ...Colonel Milan Gvero, who is from the federal Defense Ministry in Belgrade.

PREP

4. from
If someone or something moves or is moved from a place, they leave it or are removed, so that they are no longer there.

- The guests watched as she fled from the room.

PREP

5. from
If you take one thing or person from another, you move that thing or person so that they are no longer with the other or attached to the other.

- In many bone transplants, bone can be taken from other parts of the patient's body.

- Remove the bowl from the ice and stir in the cream.

PREP

6. from
If you take something from an amount, you reduce the amount by that much.

- The £103 is deducted from Mrs Adams' salary every month.

- Three from six leaves three.

PREP

7. from
From is used in expressions such as away from or absent from to say that someone or something is not present in a place where they are usually found.

- Her husband worked away from home a lot.

- Jo was absent from the house all the next day.

PREP

8. from
If you return from a place or an activity, you return after being in that place or doing that activity.

- My son Colin has just returned from Amsterdam.

- ...a group of men travelling home from a darts match.

PREP

9. from
If you are back from a place or activity, you have left it and have returned to your former place.

- Our economics correspondent, James Morgan, is just back from Germany.

- One afternoon when I was home from school, he asked me to come to see a movie with him.

PREP

10. from
If you see or hear something from a particular place, you are in that place when you see it or hear it.

- Visitors see the painting from behind a plate glass window.

- Viewed from above, the valleys form the shape of a man.

PREP: PREP n, PREP prep, PREP adv

11. from
If something hangs or sticks out from an object, it is attached to it or held by it.

- Hanging from his right wrist is a heavy gold bracelet.

- ...large fans hanging from ceilings...

- He saw the corner of a magazine sticking out from under the blanket.

PREP: v PREP n

12. from
You can use from when giving distances. For example, if a place is fifty miles from another place, the distance between the two places is fifty miles.

- The centre of the town is 4 kilometres from the station.

- ...a small park only a few hundred yards from Zurich's main shopping centre...

- How far is it from here?

PREP: amount PREP n

13. from
If a road or railway line goes from one place to another, you can travel along it between the two places.

- ...the road from St Petersburg to Tallinn.

PREP

14. from
From is used, especially in the expression made from , to say what substance has been used to make something.

- ...bread made from white flour.

- ...a luxurious resort built from the island's native coral stone.

PREP: v PREP n
= out of

15. from
You can use from when you are talking about the beginning of a period of time.

- She studied painting from 1926 and also worked as a commercial artist.

- Breakfast is available to fishermen from 6 a.m.

- From 1922 till 1925 she lived in Prague.

PREP

16. from
You say from one thing to another when you are stating the range of things that are possible, or when saying that the range of things includes everything in a certain category.

- There are 94 countries represented in Barcelona, from Algeria to Zimbabwe.

- Over 150 companies will be there, covering everything from finance to fixtures and fittings.

PREP: PREP n/-ing

17. from
If something changes from one thing to another, it stops being the first thing and becomes the second thing.

- The expression on his face changed from sympathy to surprise.

- Unemployment has fallen from 7.5 to 7.2%.

- I made a switch from butter to olive oil for much of my cooking.

PREP

18. from
You use from after some verbs and nouns when mentioning the cause of something.

- The problem simply resulted from a difference of opinion.

- He is suffering from eye ulcers, brought on by the intense light in Australia.

- They really do get pleasure from spending money on other people.

- Most of the wreckage from the 1985 quake has been cleared.

PREP: PREP n/-ing

19. from
You use from when you are giving the reason for an opinion.

- She knew from experience that Dave was about to tell her the truth.

- He sensed from the expression on her face that she had something to say.

- I guessed from his name that Jose must have been Spanish.

PREP

20. from
From is used after verbs with meanings such as `protect', `free', `keep', and `prevent' to introduce the action that does not happen, or that someone does not want to happen.

- Such laws could protect the consumer from harmful or dangerous remedies.

- 300 tons of Peruvian mangoes were kept from entering France.

PREP

fromage frais

fromage frais
Fromage frais is a thick, creamy dessert that is made from milk and often flavoured with fruit. A fromage frais is a small pot of fromage frais.
N-VAR fromage frais is both the singular and the plural form

frond

[D.J.:frɔnd]

[K.K.:frɑnd]

n.

蕨类或棕榈类植物的叶子

frond

frond fronds
A frond is a long leaf which has an edge divided into lots of thin parts.

- ...palm fronds.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

front

[D.J.:frʌnt]

[K.K.:frʌnt]

n.

前面; 正面

一面

前线, 战线

联合行动, 阵线

幌子, 隐蔽物

adj.

前面的, 前部的; 正面的

vt.

作…的正面

vt. & vi.

面向, 朝向

fronted

前移的

front *****

1. front fronts
The front of something is the part of it that faces you, or that faces forward, or that you normally see or use.

- One man sat in an armchair, and the other sat on the front of the desk.

- Stand at the front of the line.

- Her cotton dress had ripped down the front.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft the N of n
≠ back

2. front fronts
The front of a building is the side or part of it that faces the street.

- Attached to the front of the house, there was a large veranda.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft the N of n

3. front
A person's or animal's front is the part of their body between their head and their legs that is on the opposite side to their back.

- If you lie your baby on his front, he'll lift his head and chest up.

N-SING: poss N
≠ back

4. front
Front is used to refer to the side or part of something that is towards the front or nearest to the front.

- I went out there on the front porch.

- She was only six and still missing her front teeth.

- Children may be tempted to climb into the front seat while the car is in motion.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ back

5. front
The front page of a newspaper is the outside of the first page, where the main news stories are printed.

- The Guardian's front page carries a photograph of the two foreign ministers.

- The violence in the Gaza Strip makes the front page of most of the newspapers.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also front-page .

6. front
The front is a road next to the sea in a seaside town. (BRIT)

- ...a stroll on the front...

- Amy went out for a last walk along the sea front.

N-SING: the N
= promenade

7. front fronts
In a war, the front is a line where two opposing armies are facing each other.

- Sonja's husband is fighting at the front.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing
See also front line .

8. front fronts
If you say that something is happening on a particular front , you mean that it is happening with regard to a particular situation or field of activity.

- ...research across a wide academic front...

- We're moving forward on a variety of fronts.

N-COUNT

9. front fronts
If someone puts on a particular kind of front , they pretend to have a particular quality.

- Michael kept up a brave front both to the world and in his home.

- His laugh-a-minute image is just a front to hide his deep unhappiness.

N-COUNT: usu adj N

10. front fronts
An organization or activity that is a front for one that is illegal or secret is used to hide it.

- ...a firm later identified by the police as a front for crime syndicates...

- He said the present civilian government is just a front for the old military regime.

N-COUNT: usu N for n
= cover

11. front fronts
In relation to the weather, a front is a line where a mass of cold air meets a mass of warm air.

- The snow signaled the arrival of a front, and a high-pressure area seemed to be settling in.

- A very active cold front brought dramatic weather changes to Kansas on Wednesday.

N-COUNT

12. front
Front is often used in the titles of political organizations with a particular aim.

- ...the People's Liberation Front.

N-IN-NAMES: the supp N

13. front fronts fronting fronted
A building or an area of land that fronts a particular place or fronts onto it is next to it and faces it.

- ...real estate, which includes undeveloped land fronting the city convention center...

- There are some delightful Victorian houses fronting on to the pavement.

- ...quaint cottages fronted by lawns and flowerbeds.

VB
= face

14. front fronts fronting fronted
The person who fronts an organization is the most senior person in it. (BRIT; in AM use head )

- He fronted a formidable band of guerilla fighters against the Pakistan army.

- The commission, fronted by Sir Isaac Hayatali, was set up in June 1992.

VB
= head

15. front fronts fronting fronted
The person who fronts a pop group or rock band is the main singer.

- He also fronted a group called Haircuts That Kill.

- ...the debut single from the new five-piece fronted by singer Melissa Heathcoate.

VB

16. front
If a person or thing is in front , they are ahead of others in a moving group, or further forward than someone or something else.

- Officers will crack down on lunatic motorists who speed or drive too close to the car in front.

- `What's with this guy?' demanded an American voice in the row in front.

PHR

17. front
Someone who is in front in a competition or contest at a particular point is winning at that point.

- Richard Dunwoody is in front in the jockeys' title race.

- Some preliminary polls show him out in front in the race.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR
= leading

18. front
If someone or something is in front of a particular thing, they are facing it, ahead of it, or close to the front part of it.

- She sat down in front of her dressing-table mirror to look at herself.

- Something darted out in front of my car, and my car hit it.

- A police car was parked in front of the house.

PHR-PREP

19. front
If you do or say something in front of someone else, you do or say it when they are present.

- They never argued in front of their children.

- He has been brought up not to swear in front of women.

PHR-PREP

20. front
On the home front or on the domestic front means with regard to your own country rather than foreign countries. (JOURNALISM)

- Its present economic ills on the home front are largely the result of overspending.

- On the domestic front, the president got his way with his budget proposals.

PHR: PHR with cl

front

noun

1.

exterior

fa¸cade

face

foreground

frontage

2.

forefront

front line

head

lead

vanguard

3.

disguise

blind

cover

cover-up

fa¸cade

mask

pretext

show

adjective

4.

first

foremost

head

lead

leading

topmost

verb

5.

face onto

look over or onto

overlook

frontage

[D.J.:ˈfrʌntidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈfrʌntɪdʒ]

n.

(建筑的)正面, 前面

建筑前面的空地面积

空地的宽度

frontage

frontage frontages
A frontage of a building is a wall which faces a public place such as a street or a river.

- The restaurant has a river frontage.

N-COUNT: also no det

frontal

[D.J.:ˈfrʌntl]

[K.K.:ˈfrʌntl..]

adj.

前面的, 正面的

frontal *

1. frontal
Frontal means relating to or involving the front of something, for example the front of an army, a vehicle, or the brain. (FORMAL)

- Military leaders are not expecting a frontal assault by the rebels.

- He pioneered the surgical technique called frontal lobotomy.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. frontal
A frontal attack or challenge criticizes or threatens something in a very strong, direct way.

- He launches a frontal attack on working-class organizations.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= head on

front bench

front bench front benches
In Britain, the front bench or people who sit on the front bench are members of Parliament who are ministers in the Government or who hold official positions in an opposition party.

- Some of the Government front bench still believe our relationship with the US is paramount.

- Both men had argued that their trips had been undertaken in their capacity as front bench spokesmen.

N-COUNT-COLL

frontbencher

[ˌfrʌntˈbentʃə]

n.

(英国议会中的)前座议员(政府大臣或反对党领袖)

frontbencher

frontbencher frontbenchers
In Britain, a frontbencher is a member of Parliament who is a minister in the Government or who holds an official position in an opposition party.
N-COUNT: usu supp N

front burner

front burner
If an issue is on the front burner , it receives a lot of attention because it is considered to be more urgent or important than other issues.

- ...but it helps to put an important issue back on the front burner.

- We have an urgent front-burner public health problem.

N-SING: usu on the N
≠ back burner

front door **

front door front doors
The front door of a house or other building is the main door, which is usually in the wall that faces a street.
N-COUNT

frontier

[D.J.:ˈfrʌnˌtiə]

[K.K.:frʌnˈtɪr, frɑn-, ˈfrʌnˌtɪr, ˈfrɑn-]

n.

边界, 边境

开发地区的边缘, 边远地区

尚待开发的领域, 尖端

frontier **

1. frontier frontiers
A frontier is a border between two countries. (BRIT; in AM usually use border )

- It wasn't difficult then to cross the frontier.

N-COUNT

2. frontier frontiers
When you are talking about the western part of America before the twentieth century, you use frontier to refer to the area beyond the part settled by Europeans.

- ...a far-flung outpost on the frontier.

N-COUNT

3. frontier frontiers
The frontiers of something, especially knowledge, are the limits to which it extends.

- ...pushing back the frontiers of science.

- ...technological frontiers.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu N of n, adj N

frontier

noun

boundary

borderline

edge

limit

perimeter

verge

frontispiece

[D.J.:ˈfrʌntispi:s,ˈfrɔntispi:s]

[K.K.:ˈfrʌntɪˌspis]

n.

卷首插画,标题页,正面,正门

frontispiece

frontispiece frontispieces
The frontispiece of a book is a picture at the beginning, opposite the page with the title on.
N-COUNT: usu sing

front line **

1. front line front lines
The front line is the place where two opposing armies are facing each other and where fighting is going on.

- ...a massive concentration of soldiers on the front line.

N-COUNT: usu the N also front-line .

2. front line
A front line state shares a border with a country that it is at war with or is in conflict with.

- ...the front-line states bordering South Africa.

ADJ: ADJ n also front-line .

3. front line
Someone who is in the front line has to play a very important part in defending or achieving something.

- Information officers are in the front line of putting across government policies.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v also front-line .

front man

front man front men
If you say that someone is a front man for a group or organization, you mean that their role is to represent and give a good impression of it to the public, especially when it is not very respectable or popular.

- There was a feeling that Rowland was not the kind of man for whom an MP should be acting as front man.

N-COUNT: oft N for n disapproval

front-page

[D.J.:ˈfrʌntˈpeɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈfrʌntˈpedʒ]

adj.

适合第一版的,重要的,轰动的

front-page **

front-page
A front-page article or picture appears on the front page of a newspaper because it is very important or interesting.

- ...a front-page article in last week's paper.

ADJ: ADJ n

front-runner

[D.J.:ˈfrʌntˌrʌnə]

[K.K.:ˈfrʌntˌrʌnɚ]

n.

赛跑中跑在前头的人,竞争中的领先者

front-runner *

front-runner front-runners
In a competition or contest, the front-runner is the person who seems most likely to win it.

- Neither of the front-runners in the presidential election is a mainstream politician.

N-COUNT
= favourite

frost

[frɔst]

vt. & vi.

(使)结冰霜

vt.

冻坏

n.

霜

霜冻, 严寒天气

frost *

1. frost frosts
When there is frost or a frost , the temperature outside falls below freezing point and the ground becomes covered in ice crystals.

- There is frost in the ground and snow is forecast.

- The wind had veered to north, bringing clear skies and a keen frost.

N-VAR

2. frost
When someone says that there are a particular number of degrees of frost they mean that the temperature is that number of degrees below freezing point. (BRIT)

- We had 11 degrees of frost last night.

PHR

frost

noun

hoarfrost

freeze

rime

frostbite

[D.J.:ˈfrɔ:stˌbaɪt, ˈfrɔst-]

[K.K.:ˈfrɔstˌbaɪt, ˈfrɑst-]

n.

冻伤

frostbitten

adj.

frostbitten

[ˈfrɔstbit(ə)n]

adj.

受霜害的,生冻疮的

frostbite

frostbite
Frostbite is a condition in which parts of your body, such as your fingers or toes, become seriously damaged as a result of being very cold.

- The survivors suffered from frostbite.

N-UNCOUNT

frostbitten

frostbitten
If a person or a part of their body is frostbitten , they are suffering from frostbite.
ADJ

frosted

[ˈfrɔstid]

adj.

被霜覆盖的,受霜害的

frosted

1. frosted
Frosted glass is glass that you cannot see through clearly.

- The top half of the door to his office was of frosted glass.

ADJ

2. frosted
Frosted means covered with frost.

- ...the frosted trees.

ADJ

3. frosted
Frosted means covered with something that looks like frost.

- ...frosted blue eye shadow.

ADJ

4. frosted
Frosted means covered with icing. (AM; in BRIT usually use iced )

- ...a plate of frosted cupcakes.

ADJ

frosting

[ˈfrɔstiŋ]

n.

霜状白糖,玻璃粉,无光泽面

frosting

frosting
Frosting is a sweet substance made from powdered sugar that is used to cover and decorate cakes. (AM; in BRIT usually use icing )

- ...a huge pastry with green frosting on it.

N-UNCOUNT

frostily

adv.

冷峻地

frostiness

n.

酷寒,无情

frosty

[D.J.:ˈfrɔ:sti:, ˈfrɔsti:]

[K.K.:ˈfrɔsti, ˈfrɑsti]

adj.

寒冷的

盖有霜的

冷淡的,冷漠的

frostily

adv.

寒冷地,冷漠地

frostiness

n.

寒冷,冷漠

frosty *

1. frosty frostier frostiest
If the weather is frosty , the temperature is below freezing.

- ...sharp, frosty nights.

ADJ-GRADED
= icy

2. frosty frostier frostiest
You describe the ground or an object as frosty when it is covered with frost.

- The street was deserted except for a cat lifting its paws off the frosty stones.

ADJ-GRADED
= icy

3. frosty frostier frostiest
If you describe someone's behaviour as frosty , you think it is unfriendly.

- The president may get a frosty reception in New Hampshire.

- The relationship has obviously become frosty.

ADJ-GRADED
= unfriendly

4. frostily

- The Prime Minister smiled again, this time a trifle frostily.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. frostiness

- There was a certain frostiness in his smile.

N-UNCOUNT

frosty

adjective

1.

cold

chilly

frozen

icy

wintry

2.

unfriendly

discouraging

frigid

off-putting Brit. informal

standoffish

unenthusiastic

unwelcoming

froth

[D.J.:frɔ:θ, frɔθ]

[K.K.:frɔθ, frɑθ]

n.

泡, 泡沫

无意义的空谈

vt. & vi.

(使)起泡沫

frothing

[ˈfrɔθiŋ]

n.

起泡,发泡

froth *

1. froth
Froth is a mass of small bubbles on the surface of a liquid.

- ...the froth of bubbles on the top of a glass of beer...

- The froth is blown away.

N-UNCOUNT
= foam

2. froth froths frothing frothed
If a liquid froths , small bubbles appear on its surface.

- The sea froths over my feet.

- Add a little of the warmed milk and allow to froth a little.

VB

3. froth froths frothing frothed
If you say that someone is frothing , or that they are frothing at the mouth, you are emphasizing that they are very angry or excited about something. (WRITTEN)

- `No! No! Never!' he froths.

- This story has many ingredients which make any news editor froth at the mouth with excitement.

VB emphasis
= foam

4. froth
If you refer to an activity or object as froth , you disapprove of it because it appears exciting or attractive, but has very little real value or importance.

- Loads of verve, but no substance at all, just froth.

- Falling in love the first time is all froth and fantasy.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

froth

noun

1.

foam

bubbles

effervescence

head

lather

scum

spume

suds

verb

2.

fizz

bubble over

come to a head

effervesce

foam

lather

frothy

[D.J.:ˈfrɔθi]

[K.K.:ˈfrɔθi, ˈfrɑθi]

adj.

起泡的,多泡的,空洞的

frothy

frothy frothier frothiest
A frothy liquid has lots of bubbles on its surface.

- ...frothy milk shakes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

frothy

adjective

foamy

foaming

sudsy

frown

[D.J.:fraun]

[K.K.:fraʊn]

vt. & vi.

皱眉

frown **

1. frown frowns frowning frowned
When someone frowns , their eyebrows become drawn together, because they are annoyed, worried, or puzzled, or because they are concentrating.

- Nancy shook her head, frowning.

- He frowned at her anxiously.

- ...a frowning man.

VB

2. frown frowns
Also a noun.

- There was a deep frown on the boy's face.

N-COUNT

frown

verb

1.

scowl

glare

glower

knit one's brows

look daggers

lour or lower

frown on

2.

disapprove of

discourage

dislike

look askance at

take a dim view of

frown upon, frown on **

frown upon frowns upon; frowning upon; frowned upon
If something is frowned upon or is frowned on people disapprove of it.

- This practice is frowned upon as being wasteful.

- Many teachers frown on such practices.

PHR-V

fructose

[D.J.:ˈfrʌktəus]

[K.K.:ˈfrʌkˌtos, ˈfrʊk-]

n.

果糖

fructose

fructose
Fructose is a sweet substance which occurs naturally in fruit and vegetables. It is sometimes used to make food sweeter.
N-UNCOUNT

frugal

[D.J.:ˈfru:gəl]

[K.K.:ˈfruɡəl]

adj.

节省的, 节俭的

量少而且便宜的

frugality

[D.J.:fru:ˈ gælɪtɪ]

[K.K.:fruˈɡælətɪ]

n.

节约;朴素;节俭

frugally

[D.J.:ˈfru: gəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfruɡ l..ɪ]

adv.

节约地;俭朴地

frugal *

1. frugal
People who are frugal or who live frugal lives do not eat much or spend much money on themselves.

- She lives a frugal life.

ADJ-GRADED
= thrifty

2. frugality

- We must practise the strictest frugality and economy.

N-UNCOUNT

3. frugally

- We lived fairly frugally.

- He frugally saved various bits of the machine in carefully marked boxes.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

4. frugal
A frugal meal is small and not expensive.

- The diet was frugal: cheese and water, rice and beans.

ADJ-GRADED

frugal

adjective

thrifty

abstemious

careful

economical

niggardly

parsimonious

prudent

sparing

fruit

[D.J.:fru:t]

[K.K.:frut]

n.

成果, 结果

水果; 果实

fruited

adj.

结果实的,加水果调味的

fruits

成果

fruit ****

1. fruit fruits
Fruit or a fruit is something which grows on a tree or bush and which contains seeds or a stone covered by a substance that you can eat.

- Fresh fruit and vegetables provide fibre and vitamins.

- ...bananas and other tropical fruits...

- Try to eat at least one piece of fruit a day.

N-VAR The plural form is usually fruit , but can also be fruits .

2. fruit fruits fruiting fruited
If a plant fruits , it produces fruit.

- The scientists will study the variety of trees and observe which are fruiting.

VB The plural form is usually fruit , but can also be fruits .

3. fruit fruits
The fruits or the fruit of someone's work or activity are the good things that result from it.

- The team have really worked hard and Mansell is enjoying the fruits of that labour.

- The findings are the fruit of more than three years research.

N-COUNT: usu the N of n The plural form is usually fruit , but can also be fruits .

4. fruit
If the effort that you put into something or a particular way of doing something bears fruit , it is successful and produces good results.

- Eleanor's work among the women will, I trust, bear fruit.

- He was naturally disappointed when the talks failed to bear fruit.

PHR: V inflects The plural form is usually fruit , but can also be fruits .

5. fruit
The first fruits or the first fruit of a project or activity are its earliest results or profits.

- This project is one of the first fruits of commercial co-operation between the two countries.

PHR: oft PHR of n The plural form is usually fruit , but can also be fruits .

fruit

noun

1.

produce

crop

harvest

product

yield

2.

result

advantage

benefit

consequence

effect

end result

outcome

profit

return

reward

fruit bowl

fruit bowl fruit bowls
A fruit bowl is a large bowl in which fruit is kept and displayed.
N-COUNT

fruitcake

[D.J.:ˈfru:tˌkeɪk]

[K.K.:ˈfrutˌkek]

n.

掺有干果的糕饼

fruitcake

1. fruitcake fruitcakes
A fruitcake is a cake that contains raisins, currants, and other dried fruit.
N-VAR also fruit cake .

2. fruitcake fruitcakes
If you refer to someone as a fruitcake , you mean that they are mad or that their behaviour is very strange. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also fruit cake . disapproval

fruit cocktail

fruit cocktail fruit cocktails
Fruit cocktail is a mixture of pieces of different kinds of fruit eaten as part of a meal.
N-VAR

fruit fly

fruit fly fruit flies
Fruit flies are very small flies which eat fruit and rotting plants.
N-COUNT

fruitful

[D.J.:ˈfru:tful]

[K.K.:ˈfrutfəl]

adj.

成功的, 富有成效的

多产的, 果实累累的

fruitfully

adv.

产量多地,肥沃地

fruitful *

1. fruitful
Something that is fruitful produces good and useful results.

- We had a long, happy, fruitful relationship.

- The talks had been fruitful, but much remained to be done.

ADJ-GRADED
= successful

2. fruitfully

- ...taking their skills where they can be applied most fruitfully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. fruitful
Fruitful land or trees produce a lot of crops.

- ...a landscape that was fruitful and lush.

ADJ-GRADED
= fertile

fruitful

adjective

useful

advantageous

beneficial

effective

productive

profitable

rewarding

successful

worthwhile

fruition

[D.J.:fru:ˈɪʃən]

[K.K.:fruˈɪʃən]

n.

取得成果

fruition *

fruition
If something comes to fruition , it starts to succeed and produce the results that were intended or hoped for. (FORMAL)

- These plans take time to come to fruition.

- His hopes for a new political party have little chance of reaching fruition.

N-UNCOUNT: usu to N

fruition

noun

maturity

attainment

completion

fulfilment

materialization

perfection

realization

ripeness

fruitless

[D.J.:ˈfru:tlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈfrutlɪs]

adj.

没有成果的, 无益的

fruitlessly

adv.

徒劳地,无益地

fruitless *

1. fruitless
Fruitless actions, events, or efforts do not achieve anything at all.

- It was a fruitless search.

- Talks have so far have been fruitless.

ADJ-GRADED
= unproductive

2. fruitlessly

- Four years of negotiation ended fruitlessly last December.

ADV: ADV with v

fruitless

adjective

useless

futile

ineffectual

pointless

profitless

unavailing

unproductive

unprofitable

unsuccessful

vain

fruit machine

fruit machine fruit machines
A fruit machine is a machine used for gambling. You put money into it and if a particular combination of symbols, especially fruit, appears, you win money. (BRIT; in AM use slot machine )
N-COUNT

fruit salad

fruit salad fruit salads
Fruit salad is a mixture of pieces of different kinds of fruit. It is usually eaten as a dessert.
N-VAR

fruity

[D.J.:ˈfru:ti:]

[K.K.:ˈfruti]

adj.

有果味的

(粗俗而常含色情内容)逗笑的

fruity *

1. fruity fruitier fruitiest
Something that is fruity smells or tastes of fruit.

- This shampoo smells fruity and leaves the hair beautifully silky.

- ...a lovely rich fruity wine.

ADJ-GRADED

2. fruity fruitier fruitiest
A fruity voice or laugh is pleasantly rich and deep.

- Jerrold laughed again, a solid, fruity laugh.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

frumpy

[ˈfrʌmpi]

adj.

心地不良的,不见世面的

frumpy

frumpy
If you describe a woman or her clothes as frumpy , you mean that her clothes are dull and not fashionable.

- I looked so frumpy next to these women.

- ...bulky, frumpy clothes.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= dowdy

frustrate

[D.J.:ˈfrʌstreit]

[K.K.:ˈfrʌsˌtret]

vt.

使不成功, 挫败, 阻止

使受挫折, 令人沮丧

frustrated

[D.J.:frʌˈstreɪtɪd]

[K.K.: ˈfrʌstretɪd]

adj.

挫败的;失意的;泄气的

frustrating

[D.J.:frʌˈstreɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:frʌˈstretɪŋ]

adj.

产生挫折的；使人沮丧的，令人泄气的

frustration

[D.J.:frʌˈstreɪʃən]

[K.K.:frʌˈstreʃən]

n.

挫折；失败；挫败；失意；沮丧

frustrate ***

1. frustrate frustrates frustrating frustrated
If something frustrates you, it upsets or angers you because you are unable to do anything about the problems it creates.

- These questions frustrated me.

- Doesn't it frustrate you that audiences in the theatre are so restricted?

VB

2. frustrated

- Roberta felt frustrated and angry.

- ...voters who are frustrated with the council.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

3. frustration frustrations

- The results show the level of frustration among hospital doctors.

- ...a man fed up with the frustrations of everyday life.

N-VAR

4. frustrate frustrates frustrating frustrated
If someone or something frustrates a plan or attempt to do something, they prevent it from succeeding.

- The government has deliberately frustrated his efforts to gain work permits for his foreign staff.

- ...her frustrated attempt to become governor.

VB

frustrating

1. frustrating
Something that is frustrating annoys you or makes you angry because you cannot do anything about the problems it causes.

- The current situation is very frustrating for us.

- ...It is a frustrating and difficult time for Pat.

ADJ-GRADED

2. frustratingly

- Poverty and unemployment are frustratingly hard to tackle.

ADV

frustrate

verb

thwart

balk

block

check

counter

defeat

disappoint

foil

forestall

nullify

stymie

frustrated

adjective

disappointed

discouraged

disheartened

embittered

resentful

frustration

noun

1.

obstruction

blocking

circumvention

foiling

thwarting

2.

annoyance

disappointment

dissatisfaction

grievance

irritation

resentment

vexation

fried

[D.J.:fraid]

adj.

喝醉了的

fries

[D.J.:fraɪz]

[K.K.:fraɪz]

n.

炸薯条

fry

[D.J.:frai]

[K.K.:fraɪ]

vt. & vi.

油炸, 油煎

vi.

皮肤晒黑

fry ***

1. fry fries frying fried
When you fry food, you cook it in a pan that contains hot fat or oil.

- Fry the breadcrumbs until golden brown.

- ...fried rice.

VB

2. fry fries
Fry are very small, young fish.
N-PLURAL

3. fry fries
Fries are the same as French fries .
N-PLURAL

fry up ***

fry up fries up; frying up; fried up
If you fry up food, you fry it, especially in order to make a quick, casual meal. (mainly BRIT)

- I fried up the beef.

- She cuts and fries the mixture up into a potato doughnut called Quin-Kuria.

PHR-V
See also fry-up .

fryer

[D.J.:fraiə]

[K.K.:ˈfraɪɚ]

n.

油炸(煎)锅,作油炸食品的人,可供油炸的食品(尤指嫩小鸡)

fryer

fryer fryers
A fryer is a type of deep pan which you can use to fry food in hot oil.
N-COUNT: oft n N

frying pan *

frying pan frying pans
A frying pan is a flat metal pan with a long handle, in which you fry food.
N-COUNT

fry-up

n.

煎火腿 煎鸡蛋

fry-up

fry-up fry-ups
A fry-up is a meal consisting of a mixture of foods such as sausages, bacon, and eggs that have been fried. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

ft

abbr.

foot [feet] 英尺

ft

abbr.

foot [feet] 英尺

ft **

ft
ft is a written abbreviation for feet or foot .

- Flying at 1,000 ft, he heard a peculiar noise from the rotors.

- ...an area of 2,750 sq ft.

N-COUNT: num N

fuchsia

[D.J.:ˈfju:ʃə]

[K.K.:ˈfjuʃə]

n.

倒挂金钟属植物

紫红色

fuchsia *

fuchsia fuchsias
A fuchsia is a plant or a small bush which has pink, purple, or white flowers. The flowers hang downwards, with their outer petals curved backwards.
N-VAR

fuck

[D.J.:fʌk]

[K.K.:fʌk]

vt. & vi.

与(某人)性交

n.

性交

fucked

[fʌkt]

adj.

受骗的

fucking

[D.J.:ˈfʌkiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfʌkɪŋ]

adj.

用以增强表示愤怒,烦恼等的语气

fuck **

( Fuck is a rude and offensive word which you should avoid using.)

1. fuck
Fuck is used to express anger or annoyance. ( VERY RUDE)
EXCLAM feelings

2. fuck
If someone uses an expression such as ` fuck it ', ` fuck you ', or ` fuck that ', they are expressing anger or the fact that they do not care about someone or something. ( VERY RUDE)
EXCLAM feelings

3. fuck fucks fucking fucked
To fuck someone means to have sex with them. ( VERY RUDE)
V-RECIP

4. fuck fucks
Also a noun.
N-COUNT

5. fuck all
Fuck all is used to mean `nothing at all'. ( VERY RUDE)
PHR emphasis

fucking **

fucking
Fucking is used by some people to emphasize a word or phrase, especially when they are feeling angry or annoyed. ( VERY RUDE)
ADJ: ADJ n; ADV: ADV adj emphasis

fuck around **

fuck around fucks around; fucking around; fucked around
To fuck around or fuck about means to behave in a way that is silly, stupid, or unnecessary. ( VERY RUDE)
PHR-V: V P (BRIT) also fuck about

fuck off **

fuck off fucks off; fucking off; fucked off
Telling someone to fuck off is an insulting way of telling them to go away. ( VERY RUDE)
PHR-V: usu imper, V P

fuck up **

fuck up fucks up; fucking up; fucked up
If you fuck something up , you make a mistake or do something badly. ( VERY RUDE)
PHR-V: V n P, V P n (not pron)

fucker

[D.J.:ˈfʌkə]

[K.K.:ˈfʌkɚ]

n.

傻瓜, 笨蛋

fucker

fucker fuckers
If someone calls a person a fucker , they are insulting them. ( VERY RUDE)
N-COUNT disapproval

fuddled

醉的

fuddled

fuddled
Someone who is fuddled cannot think clearly, for example because they are very tired or slightly drunk.

- Fuddled by brandy, her brain fumbled over the events of the night.

ADJ-GRADED

fuddy-duddy

[D.J.:ˈfʌdiˌdʌdi]

[K.K.:ˈfʌdiˌdʌdi]

n.

唠叨的人,守旧者

fuddy-duddy

1. fuddy-duddy fuddy-duddies
If you describe someone as a fuddy-duddy , you are criticizing or making fun of them because they are old-fashioned in their appearance or attitudes. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He didn't want all those old fuddy-duddies around.

N-COUNT disapproval

2. fuddy-duddy
Also an adjective.

- Perhaps we did acquire a somewhat fuddy-duddy image in the later years.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

fuddy-duddy

noun

conservative

(old) fogey

square informal

stick-in-the-mud informal

stuffed shirt informal

fudge

[D.J.:fʌdʒ]

[K.K.:fʌdʒ]

n.

乳脂(巧克力)软糖

vt.

搪塞,篡改

fudge *

1. fudge
Fudge is a soft brown sweet that is made from butter, cream, and sugar.
N-UNCOUNT

2. fudge fudges fudging fudged
If you fudge something, you avoid making a clear and definite decision, distinction, or statement about it.

- Both have fudged their calculations and avoided specifics.

- ...certain issues that can no longer be fudged.

VB

fudge

verb

hedge

equivocate

flannel Brit. informal

stall

fuel

[D.J.:fjuəl]

[K.K.:ˈfjuəl]

n.

燃料, 燃烧剂

vt.

给…加燃料, 给…加油

激起

vi.

补充燃料

fuels

[fjuəlz]

n.

(美国陆军)航空燃料辛烷值测定法;航空燃料评价法

fuel ****

1. fuel fuels
Fuel is a substance such as coal, oil, or petrol that is burned to provide heat or power.

- They ran out of fuel.

- Delays were caused by the discovery of dangerous fuel leaks.

N-MASS

2. fuel fuels fuelling fuelled
To fuel a situation means to make it become worse or more intense.

- The result will inevitably fuel speculation about the Prime Minister's future.

- The economic boom was fueled by easy credit.

VB (AM) fueling , fueled
= feed

3. fuel
If something adds fuel to a conflict or debate, or adds fuel to the fire , it makes the conflict or debate more intense.

- His comments are bound to add fuel to the debate.

- The decision to raise tariffs on imports will only add fuel to the fire.

PHR: V inflects

fuelled

fuelled
A machine or vehicle that is fuelled by a particular substance works by burning that substance.

- It is less polluting than power stations fuelled by oil, coal and gas.

ADJ: v-link ADJ by n (AM) fueled

fuel

noun

incitement

ammunition

provocation

fuel injection

fuel injection
Fuel injection is a system in the engines of some vehicles which forces fuel directly into the part of the engine where it is burned.
N-UNCOUNT

fuel rod

fuel rod fuel rods
Fuel rods are metal tubes containing nuclear fuel. They are used in some nuclear reactors.
N-COUNT

fug

[D.J.:fʌɡ]

[K.K.:fʌɡ]

n.

室内的闷浊空气

v.

呆在闷室中;使闷塞

fug

fug
People refer to the atmosphere somewhere as a fug when it is smoky and smelly and there is no fresh air. (mainly BRIT)

- ...the fug of cigarette smoke.

N-SING: oft N of n

fugitive

[D.J.:ˈfju:dʒitiv]

[K.K.:ˈfjudʒɪtɪv]

n.

亡命者, 逃命者

adj.

逃亡的, 逃跑的

短暂的; 瞬间的

fugitive *

fugitive fugitives
A fugitive is someone who is running away or hiding, usually in order to avoid being caught by the police.

- The rebel leader was a fugitive from justice.

- ...the fugitive train robber.

N-COUNT

fugitive

noun

1.

runaway

deserter

escapee

refugee

adjective

2.

momentary

brief

ephemeral

fleeting

passing

short-lived

temporary

transient

transitory

fugue

[D.J.:fju:ɡ]

[K.K.:fjuɡ]

n.

赋格曲,朦胧状态,记忆丧失症

v.

谱赋格曲

fugue

fugue fugues
A fugue is a piece of music that begins with a simple tune which is then repeated by other voices or instrumental parts with small variations. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

-ful

-ful
You use -ful to form nouns that refer to the quantity of a substance that an object contains or can contain. For example, a handful of sand is the amount of sand that you can hold in your hand.

- ...a spoonful of brown sugar.

SUFFIX

fulcrum

[D.J.:ˈfʊlkrəm, ˈfʌl-]

[K.K.:ˈfʊlkrəm, ˈfʌl-]

n.

支撑杠杆的点,支点

fulcrum

fulcrum
If you say that someone or something is the fulcrum of an activity or situation, you mean that they have a very important effect on what happens. (FORMAL)

- He will shortly become the fulcrum of the England team.

- The decision is the strategic fulcrum of the Budget.

N-SING: oft N of n
= pivot

fulfil

[fulˈfil]

vt.

执行, 遵守, 履行

尽到

满足, 使达成

应验, 实现

fulfilled

[D.J.:fʊlˈfɪld]

[K.K.:fʊlˈfɪld]

adj.

满足的;个人志向得以实现的

fulfilling

[D.J.:fʊlˈfɪlɪŋ]

[K.K.:fʊlˈfɪlɪŋ]

adj.

使人满足的；令人愉快的

fulfil ***

1. fulfil fulfils fulfilling fulfilled
If you fulfil something such as a promise, dream, or hope, you do what you said or hoped you would do.

- President Kaunda fulfilled his promise of announcing a date for the referendum.

VB (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) fulfill , fulfills
= carry out

2. fulfil fulfils fulfilling fulfilled
To fulfil a task, role, or requirement means to do or be what is required, necessary, or expected.

- Without them you will not be able to fulfil the tasks you have before you.

- All the necessary conditions were fulfilled.

VB (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) fulfill , fulfills

3. fulfil fulfils fulfilling fulfilled
If something fulfils you, or if you fulfil yourself, you feel happy and satisfied with what you are doing or with what you have achieved.

- The war was the biggest thing in her life and nothing after that quite fulfilled her.

- They don't like the idea that women can fulfil themselves without the assistance of a man.

VB (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) fulfill , fulfills
= satisfy

4. fulfilled

- She has courageously continued to lead a fulfilled life.

- I feel more fulfilled doing this than I've ever done.

ADJ-GRADED

5. fulfilling

- ...a fulfilling career...

- I found it all very fulfilling.

ADJ-GRADED

fulfil

verb

1.

achieve

accomplish

carry out

complete

perform

realise

satisfy

2.

comply with

answer

conform to

fill

meet

obey

observe

fulfilment

[D.J.:fʊlˈfɪlmənt]

n.

履行,完成;满足感,成就感

fulfilment *

1. fulfilment
Fulfilment is a feeling of satisfaction that you get from doing or achieving something, especially something useful.

- ...professional fulfilment.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) fulfillment
= satisfaction

2. fulfilment
The fulfilment of a promise, threat, request, hope, or duty is the event or act of it happening or being made to happen.

- Visiting Angkor was the fulfilment of a childhood dream.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) fulfillment
= realization

fulfilment

noun

achievement

accomplishment

attainment

completion

consummation

implementation

realization

full

[D.J.:ful]

[K.K.:fʊl]

adj.

满的, 装满的

完全的, 充分的, 完整的

fuller

[D.J.:ˈfulə]

[K.K.:ˈfʊlɚ]

n.

漂洗工

fullness

[ˈfulnis]

n.

满,充满,丰富,成熟

full *****

1. full fuller fullest
If something is full , it contains as much of a substance or as many objects as it can.

- Once the container is full, it stays shut until you turn it clockwise.

- ...a full tank of petrol.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ empty

2. full fuller fullest
If a place or thing is full of things or people, it contains a large number of them.

- The case was full of clothes.

- The streets are still full of debris from two nights of rioting.

- ...a useful recipe leaflet full of ideas for using the new cream.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of n
= filled

3. full fuller fullest
If someone or something is full of a particular feeling or quality, they have a lot of it.

- I feel full of confidence and so open to possibilities.

- Mom's face was full of pain.

- ...an exquisite mousse, incredibly rich and full of flavour.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of n

4. full fuller fullest
You say that a place or vehicle is full when there is no space left in it for any more people or things.

- The main car park was full when I left about 10.45.

- They stay here a few hours before being sent to refugee camps, which are now almost full.

- The bus was completely full, and lots of people were standing.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= packed

5. full fuller fullest
If your hands or arms are full , you are carrying or holding as much as you can carry.

- Sylvia entered, her arms full of packages.

- People would go into the store and come out with their arms full.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= loaded

6. full fuller fullest
If you feel full , you have eaten or drunk so much that you do not want anything else.

- It's healthy to eat when I'm hungry and to stop when I'm full.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

7. fullness

- High fibre diets give the feeling of fullness.

N-UNCOUNT

8. full
You use full before a noun to indicate that you are referring to all the details, things, or people that it can possibly include.

- Full details will be sent to you once your application has been accepted.

- May I have your full name?.

- Is full employment any longer achievable?

ADJ: ADJ n
= complete

9. full
Full is used to describe a sound, light, or physical force which is being produced with the greatest possible power or intensity.

- From his study came the sound of Mahler, playing at full volume.

- Officials say the operation will be carried out in full daylight.

- Then abruptly he revved the engine to full power.

ADJ: ADJ n

10. full
Also an adverb.

- ...a two-seater Lotus, parked with its headlamps full on.

ADV: ADV adv

11. full
You use full to emphasize the completeness, intensity, or extent of something.

- We should conserve oil and gas by making full use of other energy sources.

- Television cameras are carrying the full horror of this war into homes around the world.

- The lane leading to the farm was in full view of the house windows.

- By the time the tests took place, the athletes had had a full 17 hours notice.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

12. full fuller fullest
A full statement or report contains a lot of information and detail.

- Mr Primakov gave a full account of his meeting with the President.

- ...the enormous detail in this very full document.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

13. full fuller fullest
If you say that someone has or leads a full life, you approve of the fact that they are always busy and do a lot of different things.

- You will be successful in whatever you do and you will have a very full and interesting life.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

14. full
You use full to emphasize the force or directness with which someone or something is hit or looked at.

- The burning liquid hit him full in the right eye.

- She kissed him full on the mouth.

- She looked him full in the face as she spoke.

ADV: ADV prep emphasis

15. full
You use full to refer to something which gives you all the rights, status, or importance for a particular position or activity, rather than just some of them.

- How did the meeting go, did you get your full membership?.

- She sent her provisional licence with the test certificate to have it upgraded to a full licence.

ADJ: ADJ n

16. full
A full flavour is strong and rich.

- Italian plum tomatoes have a full flavour, and are best for cooking.

ADJ: ADJ n

17. full fuller fullest
If you describe a part of someone's body as full , you mean that it is rounded and rather large.

- The Juno Collection specialises in large sizes for ladies with a fuller figure.

- ...his strong chin, his full lips, his appealing mustache.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

18. full fuller fullest
A full skirt or sleeve is wide and has been made from a lot of fabric.

- My wedding dress has a very full skirt so I need to wear a good quality net petticoat.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

19. fullness

- The coat has raglan sleeves, and is cut to give fullness at the back.

N-UNCOUNT

20. full
When there is a full moon, the moon appears as a bright, complete circle.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

21. full
You say that something has been done or described in full when everything that was necessary has been done or described.

- The medical experts have yet to report in full.

- We guarantee to reply in full within 10 working days.

PHR: PHR after v
= fully

22. full
If you say that a person knows full well that something is true, especially something unpleasant, you are emphasizing that they are definitely aware of it, although they may behave as if they are not.

- He knew full well he'd be ashamed of himself later.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

23. full
Something that is done or experienced to the full is done to as great an extent as is possible.

- She probably has a good mind, which should be used to the full.

- There's only one thing we should do with love; experience it to the full for as long as it lasts.

PHR: PHR after v

24. full
If you say to someone `you're full of yourself ', you disapprove of them because they appear very pleased with themselves, thinking that they are very clever, special, or important.

- He's full of himself, sharp and aggressive and sometimes he comes over badly.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

fullness

fullness
If you say that something will happen in the fullness of time , you mean that it will eventually happen after a long time or after a long series of events. (WRITTEN)

- How he finally reached the South Pole is a mystery that will be revealed in the fullness of time.

PHR: PHR with cl, PHR after v

full

adjective

1.

saturated

brimming

complete

filled

loaded

replete

satiated

stocked

2.

plentiful

abundant

adequate

ample

comprehensive

exhaustive

extensive

generous

3.

rich

clear

deep

distinct

loud

resonant

rounded

4.

plump

buxom

curvaceous

rounded

voluptuous

5.

loose

baggy

capacious

large

puffy

voluminous

noun

in full

6.

completely

in its entirety

in total

without exception

fullness

noun

1.

plenty

abundance

copiousness

fill

profusion

satiety

saturation

sufficiency

2.

richness

clearness

loudness

resonance

strength

full-back

n.

(足球)后卫

full-back *

full-back full-backs
In rugby or soccer, a full-back is a defending player whose position is towards the goal which their team is defending.
N-COUNT also fullback .

full-blooded

[D.J.:ˈfʊlˈblʌdɪd]

[K.K.:ˈfʊlˈblʌdɪd]

adj.

多血性的,纯血统的,精神旺盛的

full-blooded

full-blooded
Full-blooded behaviour and actions are carried out with great commitment and enthusiasm.

- Experts are agreed that full-blooded market reform is the only way to save the economy.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ half-hearted

full-blooded

adjective

vigorous

hearty

lusty

red-blooded

virile

full-blown

[D.J.:ˈfʊlˈbləʊn]

[K.K.:ˈfʊlˈblon]

adj.

盛开的,张满的,成熟的

full-blown *

full-blown
Full-blown means having all the characteristics of a particular type of thing or person.

- Before becoming a full-blown director, he worked as the film editor on Citizen Kane.

ADJ: ADJ n

full board

full board
If the price at a hotel includes full board , it includes all your meals. (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT also full-board .

full dress

full dress
Someone who is in full dress is wearing all the clothes needed for a ceremony or formal occasion.

- ...full dress uniform.

N-UNCOUNT

full-flavoured

full-flavoured
Full-flavoured food or wine has a pleasant fairly strong taste.

- This full-flavoured white wine ages well.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) full-flavored

full-fledged

[D.J.:ˈfʊlˈfledʒd]

[K.K.:ˈfʊlˈflɛdʒd]

adj.

羽毛生齐的

经过充分训练的;成熟的

full-fledged

full-fledged
Full-fledged means the same as fully-fledged .
ADJ

full-frontal

adj.

全正面的(裸体形象)

full-frontal

1. full-frontal
If there is full-frontal nudity in a photograph or film, you can see the whole of the front part of someone's naked body, including the genitals.

- Why is full-frontal male nudity still so scarce in films?

ADJ: usu ADJ n also full frontal .

2. full-frontal
If you use full-frontal to describe someone's criticism or way of dealing with something, you are emphasizing that it is very strong and direct.

- The Tories believe a full-frontal attack on the opposition leader is their best hope.

- They are eager to confront their guests with full frontal interrogations about their marriages.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also full frontal . emphasis

full-grown

[ˈfulˈɡrəun]

adj.

生长完全的,发育完全的

full-grown

full-grown
An animal or plant that is full-grown has reached its full adult size and stopped growing.

- ...a full-grown male orang-utan.

ADJ

full house

full house full houses
If a theatre has a full house for a particular performance, it has as large an audience as it can hold.

- ...playing to a full house.

N-COUNT

full-length

[D.J.:ˈfʊlˈleŋkθ, -ˈleŋθ]

[K.K.:ˈfʊlˈlɛŋkθ, -ˈlɛŋθ]

adj.

全长的,全身的,标淮长度的,未经删节的,大型的

full-length *

1. full-length
A full-length book, record, or film is the normal length, rather than being shorter than normal.

- ...his first full-length recording in well over a decade.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. full-length
A full-length coat or skirt is long enough to reach the lower part of a person's leg, almost to the ankles. A full-length sleeve reaches a person's wrist.
ADJ: ADJ n

3. full-length
Full-length curtains or other furnishings reach to the floor.
ADJ: ADJ n

4. full-length
A full-length mirror or painting shows the whole of a person.
ADJ: ADJ n

5. full-length
Someone who is lying full-length , is lying down flat and stretched out.

- She stretched herself out full-length.

ADV: ADV after v

full marks

1. full marks
If you get full marks in a test or exam, you get everything right and gain the maximum number of marks. (BRIT; in AM use a perfect score )

- Most people in fact got full marks in one question and zero in the other.

N-PLURAL

2. full marks
If you say that someone gets full marks for something, you are praising them for being very clever or for showing some other good quality. (BRIT)

- Full marks for honesty, perhaps, but a fail for diplomacy.

N-PLURAL: usu N for n

full monty

full monty
You use the full monty to describe something that impresses you because it includes everything that you could possibly expect it to include. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- There was everything from simple piano to a full orchestral finish. The full monty.

N-SING: the N approval

full-on

full-on
Full-on is used to describe things or activities that have all the characteristics of their type, or are done in the strongest or most extreme way possible. (INFORMAL)

- What they were really good at was full-on rock'n'roll.

- The coalition will face a full-on attack from the Government.

ADJ

full-page

adj.

全页的，整版的

full-page *

full-page
A full-page advertisement, picture, or article in a newspaper or magazine uses a whole page.
ADJ: ADJ n

full-scale

[D.J.:ˈfʊlˈskeɪl]

[K.K.:ˈfʊlˈskel]

adj.

与原物大小一样的,全面的,未经删节的

full-scale *

1. full-scale
Full-scale means as complete, intense, or great in extent as possible.

- ...the possibility of a full-scale nuclear war.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ partial

2. full-scale
A full-scale drawing or model is the same size as the thing that it represents.

- ...working, full-scale prototypes.

ADJ: ADJ n

full-scale

adjective

major

all-out

comprehensive

exhaustive

in-depth

sweeping

thorough

thoroughgoing

wide-ranging

full-size

[D.J.:ˈfulˈsaiz]

[K.K.:ˈfʊlˈsaɪz]

adj.

动物完全长大的,全长的

full-size *

full-size
A full-size or full-sized model or picture is the same size as the thing or person that it represents.

- I made a full-size cardboard model.

ADJ: ADJ n

full stop

full stop full stops
A full stop is the punctuation mark . which you use at the end of a sentence when it is not a question or exclamation. (BRIT; in AM use period )
N-COUNT

full-throated

adj.

声音宏亮的,高声喧嚷的

full-throated

full-throated
A full-throated sound coming from someone's mouth, such as a shout or a laugh, is very loud.

- ...full-throated singing.

ADJ: ADJ n

full-time

[D.J.:ˈfʊlˈtaɪm]

[K.K.:ˈfʊlˈtaɪm]

adj.

全部时间的,专任的

full-time **

1. full-time
Full-time work or study involves working or studying for the whole of each normal working week rather than for part of it.

- ...a full-time job.

- ...full-time staff.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also full time .

2. full-time
Also an adverb.

- Deirdre works full-time.

ADV: ADV after v also full time .

3. full-time
If you describe a regular activity or task as a full-time job , you mean that it takes up so much of your time it is like doing a paid job.

- The way she did it, mothering was a full-time job.

PHR: usu v-link PHR also full time .

4. full-time
In games such as soccer, full-time is the end of a match. (BRIT)

- The score at full-time was Arsenal 1, Sampdoria 1.

N-UNCOUNT also full time .

full-timer

n.

全读学童

full-timer

full-timer full-timers
A full-timer is someone who works full-time.

- The company employs six full-timers and one part-time worker.

N-COUNT

full up

1. full up
Something that is full up has no space left for any more people or things.

- The prisons are all full up.

ADJ: v-link ADJ also full-up .

2. full up
If you are full up you have eaten or drunk so much that you do not want to eat or drink anything else. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ also full-up .

fully

[D.J.:ˈfʊli:]

[K.K.:ˈfʊli]

adv.

完全地

fully-fledged

adj.

羽毛丰满的

fully-fledged

adj.

羽毛丰满的;发育全的

fully ****

1. fully
Fully means to the greatest degree or extent possible.

- She was fully aware of my thoughts.

- I don't fully agree with that.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v
= completely

2. fully
You use fully to say that a process is completely finished.

- He had still not fully recovered.

ADV: ADV with v

3. fully
If you describe, answer, or deal with something fully , you leave out nothing that should be mentioned or dealt with.

- Fiers promised to testify fully and truthfully.

- Major elements of these debates are discussed more fully later in this book.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

4. fully
Fully is used to emphasize how great an amount is. (WRITTEN)

- Fully 30% of the poor could not even afford access to illegal shanties.

ADV: ADV amount emphasis

fully

adverb

totally

altogether

completely

entirely

in all respects

one hundred per cent

perfectly

thoroughly

utterly

wholly

fully-fledged *

fully-fledged
Fully-fledged means complete or fully developed.

- Hungary is to have a fully-fledged Stock Exchange from today.

ADJ: ADJ n

fulminate

[D.J.:ˈfʊlməˌneɪt, ˈfʌl-]

[K.K.:ˈfʊlməˌnet, ˈfʌl-]

vt.

强烈批评

fulminating

[ˈfʌlmineitiŋ]

adj.

呵斥的,暴发性的

fulmination

[D.J.:ˌf ʌlmɪˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌf ʌlməˈneʃən]

n.

严词谴责

爆发

fulminate

1. fulminate fulminates fulminating fulminated
If you fulminate against someone or something, you criticize them angrily. (FORMAL)

- They all fulminated against the new curriculum.

VB

2. fulmination fulminations

- ...fulminations against the government.

N-VAR

fulsome

[D.J.:ˈfʊlsəm]

[K.K.:ˈfʊlsəm]

adj.

过分恭维的

fulsome

1. fulsome
If you describe expressions of praise, apology, or gratitude as fulsome , you disapprove of them because they are exaggerated and elaborate, so that they sound insincere.

- Newspapers have been fulsome in their praise of the former president.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= extravagant

2. fulsomely

- She chatted to them about the show and praised them fulsomely.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

fulsome

adjective

insincere

excessive

extravagant

immoderate

inordinate

sycophantic

unctuous

fumble

[D.J.:ˈfʌmbl]

[K.K.:ˈfʌmbəl]

vt. & vi.

(笨拙地)摸索或处理(某事物)

vi.

乱摸, 笨拙地弄

vt.

使落下

n.

摸索, 笨拙的处理

fumble *

1. fumble fumbles fumbling fumbled
If you fumble for something or fumble with something, you try and reach for it or hold it in a clumsy way.

- She crept from the bed and fumbled for her dressing gown.

- He fumbled with the buttons at the neck.

- He fumbled his one-handed attempt to light his cigarette.

VB

2. fumble fumbles fumbling fumbled
When you are trying to say something, if you fumble for the right words, you speak in a clumsy and unclear way.

- I fumbled for something to say.

- He fumbled his lines, not knowing what he was going to say.

VB

fumble

verb

grope

feel around

flounder

scrabble

fume

[D.J.:fju:m]

[K.K.:fjum]

n.

烟雾, 气味

vi.

愤怒, 大怒, 发怒

冒烟

vt.

用烟熏

fumes

[D.J.:fju:mz]

[K.K.:fjumz]

n.

(烟、煤气、新的油漆等发出的)难闻的气味

fuming

发烟的

fume *

1. fume fumes
Fumes are the unpleasant and often unhealthy smoke and gases that are produced by fires or by things such as chemicals, fuel, or cooking.

- ...car exhaust fumes...

- They have been protesting about fumes from a chlorine factory.

N-PLURAL

2. fume fumes fuming fumed
If you fume over something, you express annoyance and anger about it.

- He was still fuming over the remark.

- `It's monstrous!' Jackie fumed.

- The old man fumed and threatened.

VB

fume

verb

rage

get hot under the collar informal

rant

see red informal

seethe

smoulder

storm

fumes

plural noun

smoke

exhaust

gas

pollution

smog

vapour

fuming

adjective

angry

enraged

in a rage

incensed

on the warpath informal

raging

seething

up in arms

fumigate

[D.J.:ˈfju:mɪˌgeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈfjumɪˌɡet]

vt.

用化学品熏(某物)消毒

fumigating

熏蒸

fumigation

忿恨

fumigate

1. fumigate fumigates fumigating fumigated
If you fumigate something, you get rid of germs or insects from it using special chemicals.

- I shall fumigate the greenhouse before planting the biannuals.

VB

2. fumigation

- Methods of control involved poisoning and fumigation.

N-UNCOUNT

fumigate

verb

disinfect

clean out or up

cleanse

purify

sanitize

sterilize

fun

[D.J.:fʌn]

[K.K.:fʌn]

n.

乐趣, 娱乐, 嬉戏

有趣的事

fun ****

1. fun
You refer to an activity or situation as fun if you think it is pleasant and enjoyable and it causes you to feel happy.

- This year promises to be terrifically good fun.

- It was such a success and we had so much fun doing it.

- It could be fun to watch them.

- You still have time to join in the fun.

N-UNCOUNT

2. fun
If you say that someone is fun , you mean that you enjoy being with them because they say and do interesting or amusing things.

- Liz was wonderful fun to be with.

N-UNCOUNT approval

3. fun
If you describe something as a fun thing, you mean that you think it is enjoyable. If you describe someone as a fun person, you mean that you enjoy being with them. (INFORMAL)

- It was a fun evening.

- What a fun person he is!

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= entertaining

4. fun
Someone who is a figure of fun is considered ridiculous, so that people laugh at them or make jokes about them.
PHR: figure inflects, v-link PHR

5. fun
If you do something for fun or for the fun of it , you do it in order to enjoy yourself rather than because it is important or necessary.

- I took my M. A. just for fun really.

- He had just come for the fun of it.

PHR: PHR after v

6. fun
You can refer to playful behaviour as fun and games , especially if you disapprove of it because you think it is irresponsible. (INFORMAL)

- Police suspected that the boys, whose fun and games hurt a lot of people, were on drugs.

PHR disapproval

7. fun
If you do something in fun , you do it as a joke or for amusement, without intending to cause any harm.

- Don't say such things, even in fun.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

8. fun
If you make fun of someone or something or poke fun at them, you laugh at them, tease them, or make jokes about them in a way that causes them to seem ridiculous.

- Don't make fun of me.

- She poked fun at people's shortcomings.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= laugh at ridicule

fun

noun

1.

enjoyment

amusement

entertainment

jollity

merriment

mirth

pleasure

recreation

sport

make fun of

2.

mock

lampoon

laugh at

parody

poke fun at

ridicule

satirize

send up Brit. informal

adjective

3.

enjoyable

amusing

convivial

diverting

entertaining

lively

witty

function

[D.J.:ˈfʌŋkʃən]

[K.K.:ˈfʌŋkʃən]

n.

功能; 作用; 职责

函数; 与另一事物有密切关系的事物

社交集会

vi.

工作, 运行, 起作用

functioning

[ˈfʌŋkʃəniŋ]

n.

功能

function ****

1. function functions
The function of something or someone is the useful thing that they do or are intended to do.

- The main function of the merchant banks is to raise capital for industry.

N-COUNT: with supp
= purpose role

2. function functions functioning functioned
If a machine or system is functioning , it is working or operating.

- The authorities say the prison is now functioning normally.

- Conservation programs cannot function without local support.

VB

3. function functions functioning functioned
If someone or something functions as a particular thing, they do the work or fulfil the purpose of that thing.

- On weekdays, one third of the room functions as workspace.

VB

4. function functions
A function is a series of operations that a computer performs, for example when a single key or a combination of keys is pressed.
N-COUNT

5. function functions
If you say that one thing is a function of another, you mean that its amount or nature depends on the other thing. (FORMAL)

- Investment is a function of the interest rate.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n

6. function functions
A function is a large formal dinner or party.
N-COUNT

function

noun

1.

purpose

business

duty

job

mission

raison d'être

responsibility

role

task

2.

reception

affair

do informal

gathering

social occasion

verb

3.

work

act

behave

do duty

go

operate

perform

run

functional

[D.J.:ˈfʌŋkʃənəl]

[K.K.:ˈfʌŋkʃənəl]

adj.

有用的, 实用的

能起作用的, 产生影响的

functionally

adv.

机能上地,官能地

functional *

1. functional
Functional things are useful rather than decorative.

- ...modern, functional furniture...

- The decor is functional.

ADJ-GRADED

2. functional
Functional means relating to the way in which something works or operates, or relating to how useful it is.

- ...rules defining the territorial boundaries and functional limits of the local state.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. functionally

- The Indian cavalry under Haig became a functionally efficient unit.

- It satisfies the user's requirements both functionally and emotionally.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v

4. functional
Functional equipment works or operates in the way that it is supposed to.

- We have fully functional smoke alarms on all staircases.

ADJ
= operational

functional

adjective

1.

practical

hard-wearing

serviceable

useful

utilitarian

2.

working

operative

functionalism

[D.J.:ˈfʌŋkʃənəˌlɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈfʌŋkʃənəˌlɪzəm]

n.

机能心理学,实用第一主义,机能主义

functionalist

[ˈfʌŋkʃənəlist]

n.

机能主义者

adj.

机能主义的

functionalism

1. functionalism
Functionalism is the idea that the most important aspect of something, especially the design of a building or piece of furniture, is how it is going to be used or its usefulness. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

2. functionalist functionalists.

- The functionalist model of industrial society was subjected to conceptual criticism.

N-COUNT: oft N n

functionality

[D.J.:ˌfʌŋkəʃəˈnæliti]

[K.K.:ˌfʌŋkʃəˈnælɪti]

n.

功能性,泛函性

functionality

functionality
The functionality of a computer or other machine is how useful it is or how many functions it can perform.

- It is significantly more compact than any comparable laptop, with no loss in functionality.

N-UNCOUNT

functionary

[D.J.:ˈfʌŋkʃəˌneri:]

[K.K.:ˈfʌŋkʃəˌnɛri]

n.

<贬>公职人员;官员

functionary

functionary functionaries
A functionary is a person whose job is to do administrative work, especially for a government or a political party. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

fund

[D.J.:fʌnd]

[K.K.:fʌnd]

n.

基金, 专款

现款; 资金

储备, 蕴藏

vt.

为…提供资金, 给…拨款

funding

[ˈfʌndiŋ]

n.

用发行长期债券的方法来收回短期债券

fund *****

1. fund funds
Funds are amounts of money that are available to be spent, especially money that is given to an organization or person for a particular purpose.

- The concert will raise funds for research into Aids.

- ...government funds.

N-PLURAL
See also fund-raising .

2. fund funds
A fund is an amount of money that is collected or saved for a particular purpose.

- ...a pension fund.

- ...a scholarship fund for undergraduate engineering students.

N-COUNT: oft n N
See also trust fund .

3. fund funds funding funded
When a person or organization funds something, they provide money for it.

- The Bush Foundation has funded a variety of faculty development programs.

- The airport is being privately funded by a construction group.

- ...a new privately funded scheme.

VB

4. -funded

- ...government-funded institutions.

COMB in ADJ

5. fund funds
If you have a fund of something, you have a lot of it.

- He is possessed of the most brilliant talents and an extraordinary fund of energy.

N-COUNT: N of n
= reserve

funding ***

funding
Funding is money which a government or organization provides for a particular purpose.

- They hope for government funding for the scheme.

- Many colleges have seen their funding cut.

N-UNCOUNT

fund

noun

1.

reserve

kitty

pool

stock

store

supply

verb

2.

finance

pay for

subsidize

support

funds

plural noun

money

capital

cash

finance

ready money

resources

savings

the wherewithal

fundamental

[D.J.:ˌfʌndəˈmentəl]

[K.K.:ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl]

adj.

基本的; 重要的, 必要的

n.

基本原则, 基本法则

fundamental ***

1. fundamental
You use fundamental to describe things, activities, and principles that are very important or essential. They affect the basic nature of other things or are the most important element upon which other things depend.

- Our constitution embodies all the fundamental principles of democracy.

- A fundamental human right is being withheld from these people.

- Technical skill is a fundamental basis for most, if not all, great art.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= basic

2. fundamental
You use fundamental to describe something which exists at a deep and basic level, and is therefore likely to continue.

- But on this question, the two leaders have very fundamental differences.

- Amnesty says there are fundamental flaws in their military justice system.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= profound

3. fundamental
If one thing is fundamental to another, it is absolutely necessary to it, and the second thing cannot exist, succeed, or be imagined without it.

- He believes better relations with China are fundamental to the well-being of the area.

- The method they pioneered remains fundamental to research into the behaviour of nerve cells.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n
= vital

4. fundamental
You can use fundamental to show that you are referring to what you consider to be the most important aspect of a situation, and that you are not concerned with less important details.

- The fundamental problem lies in their inability to distinguish between reality and invention.

- It was not simply a practical matter, but a fundamental question of principle.

ADJ: ADJ n
= basic

5. fundamental
Fundamental research into a subject is concerned with gaining knowledge about the subject itself, rather than its practical aspects.

- Industry leaders want scientists to engage in fundamental research, not applied research.

ADJ: ADJ n

fundamental

adjective

1.

essential

basic

cardinal

central

elementary

key

primary

principal

rudimentary

underlying

noun

2.

principle

axiom

cornerstone

law

rudiment

rule

fundamentalism

[D.J.:ˌfʌndəˈmentlˌɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl..ˌɪzəm]

n.

<宗>原教旨主义

fundamentalist

[fʌndəˈmentəlist]

n.

信奉正统派基督教的人

fundamentalism **

1. fundamentalism
Fundamentalism is the belief in the original form of a religion or theory, without accepting any later ideas.

- Religious fundamentalism was spreading in the region.

N-UNCOUNT

2. fundamentalist fundamentalists

- He will try to satisfy both wings of the party, the fundamentalists and the realists.

- ...fundamentalist Christians.

N-COUNT: oft N n

fundamentally

[D.J.:ˌf ʌndəˈmentlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌf ʌndəˈm ɛnt l..ɪ]

adv.

基础地;根本地;重要地

fundamentally *

1. fundamentally
You use fundamentally for emphasis when you are stating an opinion, or when you are making an important or general statement about something.

- Fundamentally, women like him for his sensitivity and charming vulnerability.

- He can be very charming, but he is fundamentally a bully.

- Fundamentally, it was a conventional bomber, but it had a number of interesting innovations.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group emphasis
= basically

2. fundamentally
You use fundamentally to indicate that something affects or relates to the deep, basic nature of something.

- He disagreed fundamentally with the President's judgement.

- I don't think it has fundamentally altered the sport.

- Environmentalists say the treaty is fundamentally flawed.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= profoundly

fundamentally

adverb

essentially

at bottom

at heart

basically

intrinsically

primarily

radically

fundamentals

原理

fundamentals *

fundamentals
The fundamentals of something are its simplest, most important elements, ideas, or principles, in contrast to more complicated or detailed ones.

- ...teaching small children the fundamentals of road safety...

- They agree on fundamentals, like the need for further political reform.

N-PLURAL: usu the N, oft N of n
= basics

fundraiser

1. fundraiser fundraisers
A fundraiser is an event which is intended to raise money for a particular purpose, for example, for a charity.

- Organize a fundraiser for your church.

N-COUNT also fund-raiser .

2. fundraiser fundraisers
A fundraiser is someone who works to raise money for a particular purpose, for example, for a charity.

- Sir Anthony was a keen fundraiser for the Liberal Democrats.

N-COUNT also fund-raiser .

fund-raising *

fund-raising
Fund-raising is the activity of collecting money to support a charity or political campaign or organization.

- Encourage her to get involved in fund-raising for charity.

N-UNCOUNT also fundraising .

funeral

[D.J.:ˈfju:nərəl]

[K.K.:ˈfjunərəl]

n.

葬礼, 丧礼

funeral **

1. funeral funerals
A funeral is the ceremony that is held when the body of someone who has died is buried or cremated.

- His funeral will be on Thursday at Blackburn Cathedral.

- He was given a state funeral.

N-COUNT

2. funeral
If someone says to you ` It's your funeral ', they think your decision or your actions will have bad consequences for you, but they are unwilling to interfere. (INFORMAL)

- None of my business, I guess. It's your funeral.

PHR feelings

funeral

noun

burial

cremation

inhumation

interment

obsequies

funeral director

funeral director funeral directors
A funeral director is a person whose job is to arrange funerals.
N-COUNT

funeral home

funeral home funeral homes
A funeral home is a place where a funeral director works and where dead people are prepared for burial or cremation.
N-COUNT

funeral parlour

funeral parlour funeral parlours
A funeral parlour is a place where a funeral director works and where dead people are prepared for burial or cremation. (BRIT; in AM use funeral home )
N-COUNT

funerary

[D.J.:ˈfju:nərəri]

[K.K.:ˈfjunəˌrɛri]

adj.

葬礼的,埋葬的

funerary

funerary
Funerary means relating to funerals, burials, or cremations. (FORMAL)

- ...funerary monuments.

ADJ: ADJ n

funereal

[D.J.:fju(:)ˈniəriəl]

[K.K.:fjʊˈnɪriəl]

adj.

送葬的,悲哀的,适合葬礼的

funereal

funereal
A funereal tone, atmosphere, or colour is very sad and serious and would be suitable for a funeral.

- He addressed the group in funereal tones.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= solemn

funfair

[D.J.:ˈfʌnfeə]

n.

游乐场

funfair

funfair funfairs
A funfair is an event held in a park or field at which people pay to ride on various machines for amusement or try to win prizes in games. The people who organize and operate it usually take it from one place to another. (BRIT; in AM use carnival )

- We all love to frighten ourselves by going on hair-raising rides at funfairs.

N-COUNT
= fair

fungal

[D.J.:ˈfʌŋɡəl]

[K.K.:ˈfʌŋɡəl]

adj.

真菌的, 由真菌引起的

fungal *

fungal
Fungal means caused by, consisting of, or relating to fungus.

- Athlete's foot is a fungal infection.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

fungi

[D.J.:ˈfʌŋgaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfʌndʒaɪ]

(fungus的复数)

fungus

[D.J.:ˈfʌŋɡəs]

[K.K.:ˈfʌŋɡəs]

n.

真菌

fungi

fungi
Fungi is the plural of fungus .

fungus *

fungus fungi
A fungus is a plant that has no flowers, leaves, or green colouring, such as a mushroom or a toadstool. Other types of fungus such as mould are extremely small and look like a fine powder.
N-MASS

fungicide

[D.J.:ˈfʌndʒisaid]

[K.K.:ˈfʌndʒɪˌsaɪd, ˈfʌŋɡɪ-]

n.

杀真菌剂

fungicide

fungicide fungicides
A fungicide is a chemical that can be used to kill fungus or to prevent it from growing.
N-MASS

funicular

[D.J.:fju(:)ˈnikjulə]

[K.K.:fjʊˈnɪkjəlɚ, fə-]

adj.

索状的

n.

索道

funicular

funicular
A funicular or a funicular railway is a type of railway which goes up a very steep hill or mountain. A machine at the top of the slope pulls the carriage up the rails by a steel rope.
N-SING

funk

[D.J.:fʌŋk, fu:ŋk]

[K.K.:fʌŋk, fuŋk]

n.

惊惶, 恐惧

懦夫

乡土爵士乐

vt.

(因恐惧)避开(某事物)

funked

adj.

发霉的

funk *

1. funk
Funk is a style of dance music based on jazz and blues, with a strong, repeated bass part.

- ...a mixture of experimental jazz, soul and funk.

N-UNCOUNT

2. funk funks
If someone is in a funk , they are frightened, especially because they are in a situation they cannot control. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He was in a blue funk! Worse than me!.

- My face went crimson (which it does out of sheer funk).

N-VAR
= panic

3. funk funks funking funked
If you funk something, you avoid doing it because you are afraid. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- If he funks it, he will confirm the impression of cowardice given by his recent letter.

VB

funky

[D.J.:ˈfʌŋki:]

[K.K.:ˈfʌŋki]

adj.

时髦的, 新潮的

激起情感的, 有节奏的

有臭味的, 臭的

funky *

1. funky funkier funkiest
Funky jazz, blues, or pop music has a very strong, repeated bass part.

- It's a funky sort of rhythm.

ADJ-GRADED

2. funky funkier funkiest
If you describe something or someone as funky , you like them because they are unconventional or unusual. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- It had a certain funky charm, I guess, but it wasn't much of a place to raise a kid.

ADJ-GRADED approval

funnel

[D.J.:ˈfʌnəl]

[K.K.:ˈfʌnəl]

n.

漏斗

(轮船, 火车等的)烟囱

funnelled

adj.

漏斗状的

funnelling

漏斗的形成,狭管效应

funnel *

1. funnel funnels
A funnel is an object with a wide, circular top and a narrow short tube at the bottom. Funnels are used to pour liquids into containers which have a small opening, for example bottles.
N-COUNT

2. funnel funnels
A funnel is a metal chimney on a ship or railway engine powered by steam.

- ...a merchantman with three masts and two funnels.

N-COUNT

3. funnel funnels
You can describe as a funnel something that is narrow, or narrow at one end, through which a substance flows and is directed.

- These fires create convection funnels, and throw a lot of particles into the upper atmosphere.

N-COUNT

4. funnel funnels funnelling funnelled
If something funnels somewhere or is funnelled there, it is directed through a narrow space.

- The winds came from the north, across the plains, funnelling down the valley.

- High tides in the North Sea were funnelled down into the English Channel by a storm.

V-ERG (AM) funneling , funneled

5. funnel funnels funnelling funnelled
If you funnel money, goods, or information from one place or group to another, you cause it to be sent there as it becomes available.

- Its Global Programme on AIDS funnelled money from donors to governments.

- He secretly funnelled credit-card information to counterfeiters.

VB (AM) funneling , funneled
= channel

funnel

verb

channel

conduct

convey

direct

filter

move

pass

pour

funnily

[D.J.:ˈf ʌnɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈf ʌnɪlɪ]

adv.

有趣地;滑稽地

funnily

funnily
You use funnily enough to indicate that, although something is surprising, it is true or really happened.

- Funnily enough I can remember what I had for lunch on July 5th, 1906, but I've forgotten what I had for breakfast today.

PHR: PHR with cl
= surprisingly

funnies

n.

连环图画,报上登载连环图画的版面

funny

[D.J.:ˈfʌni]

[K.K.:ˈfʌni]

adj.

滑稽的, 有趣的, 可笑的

稀奇的, 古怪的

稍感不适的

funny ***

1. funny funnier funniest
Someone or something that is funny is amusing and likely to make you smile or laugh.

- Wade was smart and not bad-looking, and he could be funny when he wanted to.

- I'll tell you a funny story.

ADJ-GRADED
= amusing comic

2. funny funnier funniest
If you describe something as funny , you think it is strange, surprising, or puzzling.

- Children get some very funny ideas sometimes!.

- There's something funny about him.

- It's funny how love can come and go.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ how/that
= odd curious

3. funny funnier funniest
If you feel funny , you feel slightly ill. (INFORMAL)

- My head had begun to ache and my stomach felt funny.

ADJ-GRADED: usu feel ADJ

4. funny funnies
The funnies are humorous drawings or a series of humorous drawings in a newspaper or magazine. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-PLURAL: the N

5. funny
Funny business is dishonest or unacceptable behaviour. (INFORMAL)

- ...an inquiry into funny business in Ireland's biggest export industry.

PHR
= tricks

funny

adjective

1.

humorous

amusing

comic

comical

droll

entertaining

hilarious

riotous

side-splitting

witty

2.

peculiar

curious

mysterious

odd

queer

strange

suspicious

unusual

weird

funny bone

funny bone funny bones
Your funny bone is the soft part of your elbow which gives you an uncomfortable feeling on your skin if it is hit. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu sing

funnyman

[D.J.:ˈfʌnimæn]

[K.K.:ˈfʌniˌmæn]

n.

〈美〉喜剧演员(或作家),滑稽演员

funnyman

funnyman funnymen
A funnyman is a male comedian . (JOURNALISM)

- ...Hollywood funnyman Billy Crystal.

N-COUNT: usu sing

fun run

fun run fun runs
A fun run is a long distance race which anyone can take part in. Fun runs are often held to raise money for charity. (BRIT, AUSTRALIAN)
N-COUNT

fur

[D.J.:fə:]

[K.K.:fɚ]

n.

软毛

毛皮

毛皮衣服

fur **

1. fur furs
Fur is the thick and usually soft hair that grows on the bodies of many mammals.

- This creature's fur is short, dense and silky.

N-MASS

2. fur furs
Fur is the fur-covered skin of an animal that is used to make clothing or small carpets.

- She had on a black coat with a fur collar.

- Women are also wearing fur again.

- ...the trading of furs from Canada.

N-VAR: oft N n

3. fur furs
A fur is a coat made from real or artificial fur, or a piece of fur worn round your neck.

- There were women in furs and men in comfortable overcoats.

N-COUNT

4. fur furs
Fur is an artificial fabric that looks like fur and is used, for example, to make clothing, soft toys, and seat covers.
N-MASS

5. fur
If an event sets the fur flying , it causes a great argument.

- Last week's meeting of the 1922 Committee set the fur flying again on the Tory backbenches.

- The fur will really fly over this.

PHR: V inflects

fur up **

fur up furs up; furring up; furred up
If your veins or arteries fur up or are furred up , they become blocked, so that your blood cannot flow properly. (BRIT; in AM use clog up )

- Three of my veins had furred up and I needed a triple bypass.

- Oxidized cholesterol may be responsible for furring up the arteries.

PHR-V-ERG

furious

[D.J.:ˈfjuəriəs]

[K.K.:ˈfjʊriəs]

adj.

狂怒的, 暴怒的

强烈的, 激烈的

furiously

[D.J.:ˈfjʊərɪəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfjʊərɪəslɪ]

adv.

狂怒地

狂暴地;猛烈地

furious **

1. furious
Someone who is furious is extremely angry.

- He is furious at the way his wife has been treated.

- I am furious that it has taken so long to uncover what really happened.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ at/with n, ADJ that

2. furiously

- He stormed out of the apartment, slamming the door furiously behind him.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. furious
Furious is also used to describe something that is done with great energy, effort, speed, or violence.

- A furious gunbattle ensued.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. furiously

- Officials worked furiously to repair the centre court.

ADV: usu ADV with v

furious

adjective

1.

angry

beside oneself

enraged

fuming

incensed

infuriated

livid informal

raging

up in arms

2.

violent

fierce

intense

savage

turbulent

unrestrained

vehement

furl

[D.J.:fə:l]

[K.K.:fɚl]

v.

卷收,叠,收下；卷起,收拢

n.

卷收,卷起之物,卷起

furl

furl furls furling furled
When you furl something made of fabric such as an umbrella, sail, or flag, you roll or fold it up because it is not going to be used.

- An attempt was made to furl the headsail.

- ...a furled umbrella.

VB

furlong

[D.J.:ˈfə:lɔŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfɚˌlɔŋ, -ˌlɑŋ]

n.

弗隆, 浪(相当于0.2公里)

furlong *

furlong furlongs
A furlong is a unit of length that is equal to 220 yards or 201.2 metres.
N-COUNT: usu num N

furlough

[D.J.:ˈfɜ:ləʊ]

[K.K.:ˈfə..lo]

n.

(军队的)休假

vt.

准…休假

furlough

1. furlough furloughs
If workers are given furlough , they are told to stay away from work for a certain period because there is not enough for them to do. (AM)

- This could mean a massive furlough of government workers.

N-VAR

2. furlough furloughs furloughing furloughed
If people who work for a particular organization are furloughed , they are given a furlough. (AM)

- We regret to inform you that you are being furloughed indefinitely.

- The factories have begun furloughing hundreds of workers.

VB
= lay off

3. furlough furloughs
When soldiers are given furlough , they are given official permission to leave the area where they are based or are fighting, for a certain period. (AM)

- I was at home on furlough.

N-VAR

furnace

[D.J.:ˈfə:nis]

[K.K.:ˈfɚnɪs]

n.

熔炉, 火炉

furnace *

1. furnace furnaces
A furnace is a container or enclosed space in which a very hot fire is made, for example to melt metal, burn rubbish, or produce steam.
N-COUNT

2. furnace
If you say that a place is a furnace , you mean that it is very hot there. (INFORMAL)

- How can we walk? It's a furnace out there.

N-SING emphasis

furnish

[D.J.:ˈfə:niʃ]

[K.K.:ˈfɚnɪʃ]

vt.

陈设, 布置

提供

furnished

[D.J.:ˈfɜ:nɪʃt]

adj.

(房屋、公寓或房间)配备有家具的;配备有(某种类型或一定数量的)家具的

furnishes

供料

furnishing

[D.J.:ˈfɜ:nɪʃɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfɚnɪʃɪŋ]

陈设

furnish *

1. furnish furnishes furnishing furnished
If you furnish a room or building, you put furniture and furnishings into it.

- Many proprietors try to furnish their hotels with antiques.

VB

2. furnish furnishes furnishing furnished
If you furnish someone with something, you provide or supply it. (FORMAL)

- They'll be able to furnish you with the rest of the details.

VB

furnished *

1. furnished
A furnished room or house is available to be rented together with the furniture in it.

- Eleanor moved into a small furnished apartment.

ADJ

2. furnished
When you say that a room or house is furnished in a particular way, you are describing the kind or amount of furniture that it has in it.

- We took tea by lamplight in his sparsely furnished house.

- All 300 elegantly furnished rooms have private bath.

ADJ: adv ADJ

furnish

verb

1.

decorate

equip

fit out

stock

2.

supply

give

grant

hand out

offer

present

provide

furnishings

[D.J.:ˈfə:niʃiŋz]

n.

家具陈设

服饰

furnishings *

furnishings
The furnishings of a room or house are the furniture, curtains, carpets, and decorations such as pictures.
N-PLURAL

furniture

[D.J.:ˈfə:nitʃə]

[K.K.:ˈfɚnɪtʃɚ]

n.

家具

furniture ***

1. furniture
Furniture consists of large objects such as tables, chairs, or beds that are used in a room for sitting or lying on or for putting things on or in.

- Each piece of furniture in their home suited the style of the house.

N-UNCOUNT

2. furniture
If you describe someone or something as part of the furniture , you are suggesting that they have been somewhere such as their place of work for such a long time that it is hard to imagine that place without them. (INFORMAL, HUMOROUS)
PHR: v-link PHR

furniture

noun

household goods

appliances

fittings

furnishings

goods

possessions

things informal

furore

[D.J.:fjuəˈrɔ:riçəfjuəˈrɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈfjʊrˌɔr, -ˌor]

n.

狂怒, 喧闹

furore *

furore
A furore is a very angry or excited reaction by people to something.

- The disclosure has already caused a furore among MPs.

- ...an international furore over the plan.

N-SING: usu with supp, oft adj N, N over n (AM) furor
= uproar

furore

noun

disturbance

commotion

hullabaloo

outcry

stir

to-do

uproar

furrier

[D.J.:ˈfɜ:ri:ə]

[K.K.:ˈfə..riɚ]

n.

皮货商,毛皮裁缝

furriers

毛皮加工者

furrier

furrier furriers
A furrier is a person who makes or sells clothes made from fur.
N-COUNT

furrow

[D.J.:ˈfɜ:rəʊ, ˈfʌrəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈfə..ro, ˈfʌro]

n.

犁沟

(脸上的)皱纹

vt.

犁田,开沟

furrowless

adj.

无沟的,无皱纹的

furrowy

adj.

有沟的,有皱纹的

furrowing

槽膜形成;开沟

furrowless

无沟的;无皱纹的

furrows

灌水沟

furrowy

有沟的;多皱纹的

furrow *

1. furrow furrows
A furrow is a long, thin line in the earth which a farmer makes in order to plant seeds or to allow water to flow along.
N-COUNT

2. furrow furrows
A furrow is a deep, fairly wide line in the surface of something.

- Dirt bike trails crisscrossed the grassy furrows.

N-COUNT

3. furrow furrows
A furrow is a deep fold or line in the skin of someone's face.

- He was his old self again, except for the deep furrows that marked the corners of his mouth.

N-COUNT
= wrinkle

4. furrow furrows furrowing furrowed
If someone furrows their brow or forehead or if it furrows , deep folds appear in it because the person is annoyed, unhappy, or confused. (WRITTEN)

- My bank manager furrowed his brow, fingered his calculator and finally pronounced `Aha!'.

- Midge's forehead furrowed as she saw that several were drinking.

- Fatigue and stress quickly result in a dull complexion and a furrowed brow.

V-ERG
= crease

5. furrow
If you say that someone ploughs a particular furrow or ploughs their own furrow , you mean that their activities or interests are different or isolated from those of other people. (BRIT)

- Cale has ploughed a more esoteric furrow as a recording artist.

- The Syrian government is more than adept at ploughing its own diplomatic furrow.

PHR: V inflects

furrow

noun

1.

groove

channel

crease

hollow

line

rut

seam

trench

wrinkle

verb

2.

wrinkle

corrugate

crease

draw together

knit

furry

[D.J.:ˈfɜ:ri:, ˈfʌri:]

[K.K.:ˈfə..ri, ˈfʌri]

adj.

毛皮的

有皮毛般覆盖的

furry *

1. furry
A furry animal is covered with thick, soft hair.

- I learnt how to stalk along the kangaroo pads till I could almost touch their thick furry tails.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. furry
If you describe something as furry , you mean that it has a soft rough texture like fur.

- ...his herringbone tweed coat with its furry lining.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. furry
If you have a furry tongue, your tongue is covered with a layer of a soft greyish-white substance, usually because you are unwell.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

further

[D.J.:ˈfə:ðə]

[K.K.:ˈfɚðɚ]

adj.

更多的, 另外的, 进一步的

更远的, 较远的

adv.

在更大程度上, 进一步地

更远, 再往前地

此外, 而且

vt.

促进, 推进, 助长

further *****

( Further is a comparative form of far . It is also a verb.)

1. further
Further means to a greater extent or degree.

- Inflation is below 5% and set to fall further.

- The rebellion is expected to further damage the country's image.

- The government's economic policies have further depressed living standards.

ADV-COMPAR: ADV with v

2. further
If you go or get further with something, or take something further , you make some progress.

- They lacked the scientific personnel to develop the technical apparatus much further.

ADV-COMPAR: ADV with v

3. further
If someone goes further in a discussion, they make a more extreme statement or deal with a point more thoroughly.

- On February 7th the Post went further, claiming that Mr Wood had grabbed and kissed another 13 women.

- To have a better comparison, we need to go further and address such issues as repairs and insurance.

ADV-COMPAR: ADV after v

4. further
A further thing, number of things, or amount of something is an additional thing, number of things, or amount.

- His speech provides further evidence of his increasingly authoritarian approach.

- They believed there were likely to be further attacks.

- There was nothing further to be done for this man.

ADJ: ADJ n, pron-indef ADJ
= more

5. further
Further means a greater distance than before or than something else.

- Now we live further away from the city centre.

- He came to a halt at a crossroads fifty yards further on.

- An old man shuffled out of a doorway further along the corridor.

- Further to the south are some of the island's loveliest unspoilt coves.

ADV-COMPAR: ADV adv/prep

6. further
Further is used in expressions such as ` further back ' and ` further ahead ' to refer to a point in time that is earlier or later than the time you are talking about.

- Looking still further ahead, by the end of the next century world population is expected to be about ten billion.

ADV-COMPAR: ADV adv/prep

7. further furthers furthering furthered
If you further something, you help it to progress, to be successful, or to be achieved.

- In return, they are themselves accused of furthering their own (leftist) political interests.

- Education needn't only be about furthering your career.

VB

8. further
You use further to introduce a statement that relates to the same general topic and that gives additional information or makes an additional point. (FORMAL)

- Dodd made no appeal of his death sentence and, further, instructed his attorney to sue anyone who succeeds in delaying his execution.

ADV: ADV with cl
= moreover

9. further
Further to is used in letters in expressions such as ` further to your letter ' or ` further to our conversation ', in order to indicate what you are referring to in the letter. (BRIT, FORMAL)

- Further to your letter, I agree that there are some presentational problems, politically speaking.

PHR-PREP
= with reference to

further

adverb

1.

in addition

additionally

also

besides

furthermore

into the bargain

moreover

to boot

adjective

2.

additional

extra

fresh

more

new

other

supplementary

verb

3.

promote

advance

assist

encourage

forward

help

lend support to

work for

furtherance

[D.J.:ˈfə:ðərəns]

[K.K.:ˈfɚðərəns]

n.

促进

furtherance

furtherance
The furtherance of something is the activity of helping it to be successful or be achieved. (FORMAL)

- The thing that matters is the furtherance of research in this country.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n
= advancement

further education *

further education
Further education is the education of people who have left school but who are not at a university or a college of education. (mainly BRIT; in AM use continuing education )

- She is now in further education with new career possibilities ahead of her.

- Most further-education colleges offer A-level courses.

N-UNCOUNT

furthermore

[D.J.:ˈfə:ðəˌmɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈfɚðɚˌmɔr, -ˌmor]

adv.

而且, 此外

furthermore **

furthermore
Furthermore is used to introduce a piece of information or opinion that adds to or supports the previous one. (FORMAL)

- Furthermore, they claim that any such interference is completely ineffective.

ADV: ADV with cl
= moreover

furthermore

adverb

besides

additionally

as well

further

in addition

into the bargain

moreover

to boot

too

furthermost

[D.J.:ˈfə:ðəməust]

[K.K.:ˈfɚðɚˌmost]

adj.

最远方的,最远的

furthermost

furthermost
The furthermost one of a number of similar things is the one that is the greatest distance away from a place.

- We walked to the furthermost point and then sat on the sand dunes.

ADJ: ADJ n

furthest

[D.J.:ˈfɜ:ðɪst]

[K.K.:ˈfə..ðɪst]

adj.

最远的, 最遥远的

furthest *

( Furthest is a superlative form of far .)

1. furthest
Furthest means to a greater extent or degree than ever before or than anything or anyone else.

- The south of England, where prices have fallen furthest, will remain the weakest market.

- These institutional reforms have gone furthest in Poland.

ADV-SUPERL: ADV with v

2. furthest
Furthest means at a greater distance from a particular point than anyone or anything else, or for a greater distance than anyone or anything else.

- The risk of thunder is greatest in those areas furthest from the coast.

- Amongst those who have travelled furthest to take part in the Festival are a group from Northern Ireland.

ADV-SUPERL: n ADV, ADV after v, be ADV, ADV prep/adv

3. furthest
Also an adjective.

- ...the furthest point from earth that any controlled spacecraft has ever been.

ADJ-SUPERL: ADJ n

furthest

adjective

most distant

extreme

farthest

furthermost

outmost

remotest

ultimate

furtive

[D.J.:ˈfɜ:tɪv]

[K.K.:ˈfə..tɪv]

adj.

(指行动)偷偷摸摸的, (指人)鬼鬼祟祟的

furtively

[D.J.:ˈfɜ:tɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfə..tɪvlɪ]

adv.

偷偷地;秘密地

furtive *

1. furtive
If you describe someone's behaviour as furtive , you disapprove of them behaving as if they want to keep something secret or hidden.

- With a furtive glance over her shoulder, she unlocked the door and entered the house.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. furtively

- He walked towards the summerhouse, at first furtively, then with more confidence.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

furtive

adjective

sly

clandestine

conspiratorial

secretive

sneaky

stealthy

surreptitious

underhand

under-the-table

fury

[D.J.:ˈfjuəri]

[K.K.:ˈfjʊri]

n.

狂怒, 暴怒

激烈, 猛烈

fury **

1. fury
Fury is violent or very strong anger.

- She screamed, her face distorted with fury and pain.

N-UNCOUNT
= wrath

2. fury
If you are in a fury , you are very angry.

- I had reacted in a fury of grief.

- He rose to his feet in a fury to leave no doubt about where he stood on the issue.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR with cl

fury

noun

1.

anger

frenzy

impetuosity

madness

passion

rage

wrath

2.

violence

ferocity

fierceness

force

intensity

savagery

severity

vehemence

fuse

[D.J.:fju:z]

[K.K.:fjuz]

vt. & vi.

熔化; 融合; 合并

n.

保险丝, 熔丝

导火线; 引信

fused

[fju:zd]

adj.

装有保险丝的

fusing

[ˈfju:ziŋ]

n.

熔融,熔化

fuse *

1. fuse fuses
A fuse is a safety device in an electric plug or circuit. It contains a piece of wire which melts when there is a fault so that the flow of electricity stops.

- The fuse blew as he pressed the button to start the motor.

- Remove the circuit fuse before beginning electrical work.

N-COUNT

2. fuse fuses fusing fused
When an electric device fuses or when you fuse it, it stops working because of a fault. (BRIT)

- The wire snapped at the wall plug and the light fused.

- We pursued my grandmother round the house hoping she wasn't going to fuse anything.

V-ERG

3. fuse fuses
A fuse is a device on a bomb or firework which delays the explosion so that people can move a safe distance away.

- A bomb was deactivated at the last moment, after the fuse had been lit.

N-COUNT

4. fuse fuses fusing fused
When things fuse or are fused , they join together physically or chemically, usually to become one thing. You can also say that one thing fuses with another.

- The skull bones fuse between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.

- Conception occurs when a single sperm fuses with an egg.

- Manufactured glass is made by fusing various types of sand.

- Their solution was to isolate specific clones of B cells and fuse them with cancer cells.

- The flakes seem to fuse together and produce ice crystals.

V-RECIP-ERG

5. fuse fuses fusing fused
If something fuses two different qualities, ideas, or things, or if they fuse , they join together, especially in order to form a pleasing or satisfactory combination.

- His music of that period fused the rhythms of jazz with classical forms.

- What they have done is fuse two different types of entertainment, the circus and the rock concert.

- Past and present fuse.

V-RECIP-ERG
= combine

6. fuse
If you blow a fuse , you suddenly become very angry and are unable to stay calm. (INFORMAL)

- For all my experience, I blew a fuse in the quarter-final and could have been sent off.

PHR: V inflects

7. fuse
If someone or something lights the fuse of a particular situation or activity, they suddenly get it started.

- Hopes for an early cut in German interest rates lit the market's fuse early on.

PHR: V inflects

8. fuse
If you say that someone has a short fuse or is on a short fuse you mean that they are quick to react angrily when something goes wrong.

- I have a very short fuse and a violent temper.

PHR: V inflects

fused

fused
If an electric plug or circuit is fused , it has a fuse in it.
ADJ

fuse box

fuse box fuse boxes
The fuse box is the box that contains the fuses for all the electric circuits in a building. It is usually fixed to a wall.
N-COUNT: oft the N in sing

fuselage

[D.J.:ˈfju:zilɑ:ʒ]

[K.K.:ˈfjusəˌlɑʒ, -zə-]

n.

〈空〉(飞机的)机身

fuselage *

fuselage fuselages
The fuselage is the main body of an aeroplane, missile, or rocket. It is usually cylindrical in shape.
N-COUNT

fusillade

[D.J.:ˈfju:səˌlɑ:d, -ˌleɪd, -zə-, ˌfju:səˈlɑ:d, -ˈleɪd, -zə-]

[K.K.:ˈfjusəˌlɑd, -ˌled, -zə-, ˌfjusəˈlɑd, -ˈled, -zə-]

n.

一齐射击,快速连续射击,(批评等)连续猛烈的迸发

fusillade

fusillade
A fusillade of shots or objects is a large number of them fired or thrown at the same time. (FORMAL)

- Both were killed in a fusillade of bullets fired at close range.

N-SING: usu N of n

fusion

[D.J.:ˈfju:ʒən]

[K.K.:ˈfjuʒən]

n.

熔合

核聚变

联合, 合并

fusion *

1. fusion fusions
A fusion is something new that is created by joining together different qualities, ideas, or things.

- His previous fusions of jazz, pop and African melodies have proved highly successful.

N-COUNT: oft N of pl-n

2. fusion fusions
The fusion of two or more things involves joining them together to form one thing.

- His final reform was the fusion of regular and reserve forces.

N-VAR: oft N of pl-n
= merging

3. fusion
In physics, fusion is the process in which atomic particles combine and produce a large amount of nuclear energy.

- ...research into nuclear fusion.

N-UNCOUNT

fuss

[D.J.:fʌs]

[K.K.:fʌs]

vi.

小题大做; 大惊小怪

vt.

烦恼, 激动(尤指对小事)

n.

忙乱, 大惊小怪, 小题大做

抱怨

焦急, 紧张

fuss **

1. fuss
Fuss is anxious or excited behaviour which serves no useful purpose.

- I don't know what all the fuss is about.

- He just gets down to work without any fuss.

N-SING: also no det
= bother

2. fuss fusses fussing fussed
If you fuss , you worry or behave in a nervous, anxious way about unimportant matters or rush around doing unnecessary things.

- Carol fussed about getting me a drink.

- My wife was fussing over the food and clothing we were going to take.

- She fussed with a wisp of hair over her ear.

- A team of waiters began fussing around the table.

- `Stop fussing,' he snapped.

VB
= flap

3. fuss fusses fussing fussed
If you fuss over someone, you pay them a lot of attention and do things to make them happy or comfortable.

- Auntie Hilda and Uncle Jack couldn't fuss over them enough.

VB

4. fuss
If you make a fuss or kick up a fuss about something, you become angry or excited about it and complain. (INFORMAL)

- I don't know why everybody makes such a fuss about a few mosquitoes.

- I kick up a fuss if my wife wants to spend time alone.

PHR: V inflects

5. fuss
If you make a fuss of someone, you pay them a lot of attention and do things to make them happy or comfortable. (BRIT)

- When I arrived my nephews made a big fuss of me.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

fussed

fussed
If you say you are not fussed about something, you mean you do not mind about it or do not mind what happens. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I'm not fussed as long as we get where we want to go.

ADJ-GRADED: with brd-neg, v-link ADJ
= bothered

fuss

noun

1.

bother

ado

commotion

excitement

hue and cry

palaver

stir

to-do

2.

argument

complaint

furore

objection

row

squabble

trouble

verb

3.

worry

fidget

flap informal

fret

get worked up

take pains

fussily

adv.

无事空扰地,大惊小怪地,小题大做地

fussy

[D.J.:ˈfʌsi:]

[K.K.:ˈfʌsi]

adj.

瞎忙的, 大惊小怪的

fussy *

1. fussy fussier fussiest
Someone who is fussy is very concerned with unimportant details and is difficult to please.

- She is not fussy about her food.

- Her aunt was small, with a rather fussy manner.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n disapproval

2. fussily

- She adjusted her coloured head scarf fussily.

- He was once described as a fussily accurate test pilot.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. fussiness

- There's a lack of fussiness about the way he works.

N-UNCOUNT

4. fussy fussier fussiest
If you describe things such as clothes and furniture as fussy , you are criticizing them because they are too elaborate or detailed.

- We are not very keen on floral patterns and fussy designs.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

5. fussily

- ...the fussily ornate Jubilee Room at the House of Commons.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed

fussy

adjective

1.

hard to please

choosy informal

difficult

fastidious

finicky

nit-picking informal

particular

pernickety

picky informal

2.

overelaborate

busy

cluttered

overworked

rococo

fusty

[D.J.:ˈfʌsti]

[K.K.:ˈfʌsti]

adj.

发霉的, 霉臭的, 闷热的, 不通气的

守旧的, 古板的

fusty

1. fusty fustier fustiest
If you describe something or someone as fusty , you disapprove of them because they are old-fashioned in attitudes or ideas.

- The fusty old establishment refused to recognise the demand for popular music.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. fusty fustier fustiest
A fusty place or thing has a smell that is not fresh or pleasant.

- ...fusty old carpets.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

fusty

adjective

stale

airless

damp

mildewed

mouldering

musty

stuffy

futile

[D.J.:ˈfju:tail]

[K.K.:ˈfjutl, ˈfjuˌtaɪl]

adj.

无效的, 无用的, 无意义的

futile *

futile
If you say that something is futile , you mean there is no point in doing it, usually because it has no chance of succeeding.

- He brought his arm up in a futile attempt to ward off the blow.

- It would be futile to sustain his life when there is no chance of any improvement.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
= pointless

futile

adjective

useless

fruitless

ineffectual

unavailing

unprofitable

unsuccessful

vain

worthless

futility

[D.J.:fju:ˈtɪlətɪ]

[K.K.:fjuˈtɪlətɪ]

n.

无益，无效，无用

无益的事；无效果的行动

futility

futility
Futility is a total lack of purpose or usefulness.

- ...the injustice and futility of terrorism.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n/-ing

futility

noun

uselessness

emptiness

hollowness

ineffectiveness

futon

[D.J.:ˈfu:tɔn]

[K.K.:ˈfutɑn]

n.

日本床垫, 蒲团

(有支架可折叠成长榻的)蒲团

futon

futon futons
A futon is a piece of furniture which consists of a thin mattress on a low wooden frame which can be used as a bed or folded up to make a chair.
N-COUNT

future

[D.J.:ˈfju:tʃə]

[K.K.:ˈfjutʃɚ]

adj.

将来的, 未来的

n.

将来, 未来, 今后

前途, 前景

期货

futures

[D.J.:ˈfju:tʃəz]

[K.K.:ˈfjutʃɚz]

n.

<商>期货(交易)

future *****

1. future
The future is the period of time that will come after the present, or the things that will happen then.

- The spokesman said no decision on the proposal was likely in the immediate future.

- He was making plans for the future.

- I had little time to think about what the future held for me.

N-SING: the N
≠ past

2. future
Future things will happen or exist after the present time.

- She said if the world did not act conclusively now, it would only bequeath the problem to future generations.

- Meanwhile, the domestic debate on Denmark's future role in Europe rages on.

- ...the future King and Queen.

ADJ: ADJ n
for future reference : see reference .

3. future futures
Someone's future , or the future of something, is what will happen to them or what they will do after the present time.

- His future as prime minister depends on the outcome of the elections.

- Graeme remains a supremely talented cricketer and must still have a splendid future in the game.

- ...a proposed national conference on the country's political future...

- Young people are an investment for our future.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

4. future futures
If you say that someone or something has a future , you mean that they are likely to be successful or to survive.

- These abandoned children have now got a future.

- There's no future in this relationship.

N-COUNT: usu a N in sing

5. future futures
When people trade in futures , they buy stocks and shares, commodities such as coffee or oil, or foreign currency at a price that is agreed at the time of purchase for items which are delivered some time in the future.

- This report could spur some buying in corn futures when the market opens today.

- Futures prices recovered from sharp early declines to end with moderate losses.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp

6. future
In grammar, the future tense of a verb is the one used to talk about things that are going to happen. In English, this applies to verb groups consisting of `will' or `shall' and the base form of a verb. The future perfect tense of a verb is used to talk about things that will have happened at some time in the future.
ADJ: ADJ n

7. future
You use in future when saying what will happen from now on, which will be different from what has previously happened. The form in the future is sometimes used instead, especially in American English.

- In future the President will be chosen by the people instead of by the National Assembly.

- I asked her to be more careful in future.

- In the future, Mr. Fernandes says, he won't rely on others to handle this.

PHR

8. future
If you wonder what the future holds , you wonder what will happen in the future.

- We wondered what the future would hold for our baby son.

PHR: V inflects

9. future
If you say that someone's future lies in a particular place or activity, you think they will be most successful or happy in that place or doing that activity.

- Armstrong is uncertain where his long-term future lies.

- He came back because he believed his future lay with her.

PHR: V inflects

future

noun

1.

hereafter

time to come

2.

outlook

expectation

prospect

adjective

3.

forthcoming

approaching

coming

fated

impending

later

subsequent

to come

futurism

[D.J.:ˈfju:tʃərizəm]

[K.K.:ˈfjutʃəˌrɪzəm]

n.

未来主义

futurism

futurism
Futurism was a modern artistic and literary movement in the early twentieth century.
N-UNCOUNT

futurist

[ˈfju:tʃərist]

n.

未来主义者, 未来派艺术家

futurist

1. futurist futurists
Futurists were artists and writers who were followers of futurism.
N-COUNT

2. futurist futurists
A futurist is someone who makes predictions about what is going to happen, on the basis of facts about what is happening now. (mainly AM)

- Futurists agree that these trends will grow as telecommunications networks become cheaper and more efficient.

N-COUNT
= futurologist

futuristic

[D.J.:ˌfju:tʃəˈristik]

[K.K.:ˌfjutʃəˈrɪstɪk]

adj.

合于未来的; 极新潮的; 非传统的

未来主义的, 与未来主义有关的

futuristic *

1. futuristic
Something that is futuristic looks or seems very modern and unusual, like something from the future.

- The theatre is a futuristic steel and glass structure.

- ...futuristic cars.

ADJ-GRADED

2. futuristic
A futuristic film or book tells a story that is set in the future, when things are different.

- ...the futuristic hit film, `Terminator 2'.

ADJ: ADJ n

futurologist

n.

未来学家

futurology

[D.J.:ˌfju:tʃəˈrɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:ˌfjutʃəˈrɑlədʒi]

n.

未来学

futurology

1. futurology
Futurology is the activity of trying to predict what is going to happen, on the basis of facts about what is happening now.

- The way a good investor does really well is by engaging in successful futurology.

N-UNCOUNT
= forecasting

2. futurologist futurologists

- In his March 1984 report Wanger analyzed some predictions made by futurologists in 1972.

N-COUNT
= forecaster

fuzz

[D.J.:fʌz]

[K.K.:fʌz]

n.

绒毛, 轻柔的物质

竖起来的短细的毛发

fuzz

1. fuzz
Fuzz is a mass of short, curly hairs.

- He had a baby fuzz round his jaw.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

2. fuzz
The fuzz are the police. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)
N-PLURAL: usu the N

G13

本神

G, g

1. G, g G's, g's
G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

2. G, g G's, g's
In music, G is the fifth note in the scale of C major.
N-VAR

3. G, g G's, g's
A G is a unit of measurement of the force resulting from acceleration. One G is equivalent to the force of the earth's gravitational pull. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

4. G, g G's, g's
A G is a thousand pounds or dollars. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu a /num N
= grand

5. G, g
G or g is used as an abbreviation for words beginning with g, such as `gram', `gallon', and `German'.

- Oranges contain only 35 calories per 100g.

gab

[D.J.:ɡæb]

[K.K.:ɡæb]

n.

饶舌,多嘴,爱说话

vi.

空谈,唠叨,瞎扯

gab

gab
If someone has the gift of the gab , they are able to speak easily and confidently, and to persuade people. Also the gift of gab , mainly in American English.

- They are naturally good salesmen with the gift of the gab.

PHR approval

gabardine

[D.J.:ˈɡæbədi:n]

[K.K.:ˈɡæbɚˌdin, ˌɡæbɚˈdin]

n.

一种斜纹防水布料,一种宽松的长袍,华达呢

gabardine

1. gabardine gabardines
Gabardine is a fairly thick cloth which is used for making coats, suits, and other clothes.

- ...a demure white blouse and long, straight gabardine skirt.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, oft N n (BRIT) also gaberdine

2. gabardine gabardines
A gabardine is a coat made from gabardine.
N-COUNT (BRIT) also gaberdine

gabble

[D.J.:ˈgæbəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡæbəl]

vt. & vi.

急促地说,不清地说

n.

急促不清的话

gabble away/on (about sth)

急促而含混不清地说

gabble

gabble gabbles gabbling gabbled
If you gabble , you say things so quickly that it is difficult for people to understand you. (INFORMAL)

- Marcello sat on his knee and gabbled excitedly.

- She gabbles on about drug dealers and journalists.

- One of the soldiers gabbled something and pointed at the front door.

VB
= babble

gabble

verb

1.

prattle

babble

blabber

gibber

gush

jabber

spout

noun

2.

gibberish

babble

blabber

chatter

drivel

prattle

twaddle

gable

[D.J.:ˈɡeibl]

[K.K.:ˈɡebəl]

n.

尖顶屋两端的山形墙

gable

gable gables
A gable is the triangular part at the top of the end wall of a building, between the two sloping sides of the roof.
N-COUNT

gabled

[ˈɡeibld]

adj.

有山形墙的,有人形墙的

gabled

gabled
A gabled building or roof has a gable.

- ...the entrance of an attractive gabled house.

- ...steeply gabled roofs.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

gad

[D.J.:ɡæd]

[K.K.:ɡæd]

v.

闲逛,游荡,找乐子;用铁棒刺

n.

游荡,錾,(赶牲畜用的)尖头棒

int.

表示轻微的咒骂或惊讶,God 的变形

gadding

[ˈɡædiŋ]

n.

叮搔症

adj.

蔓生的

gad

gad gads gadding gadded
If you gad about, you go to a lot of different places looking for amusement or entertainment. (INFORMAL)

- Don't think you'll keep me here while you gad about.

VB
= gallivant

gadfly

[D.J.:ˈgædˌflaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡædˌflaɪ]

n.

牛虻

gadfly

gadfly gadflies
If you refer to someone as a gadfly , you believe that they deliberately annoy or challenge other people, especially people in authority.

- It still remains to be seen whether Buchanan will be just a gadfly or a real threat to the president.

N-COUNT

gadget

[D.J.:ˈgædʒɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɡædʒɪt]

n.

小机械, 小器具

gadget *

gadget gadgets
A gadget is a small machine or device which does something useful. You sometimes refer to something as a gadget when you are suggesting that it is complicated and unnecessary.

- ...sales of kitchen gadgets including toasters, kettles and percolators.

- ...the latest gadget for the technology obsessed: pocket-sized computers that you write on with a pen.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= appliance

gadget

noun

device

appliance

contraption informal

contrivance

gizmo slang chiefly U.S.

instrument

invention

thing

tool

gadgetry

[D.J.:ˈɡædʒitri]

[K.K.:ˈɡædʒɪtri]

n.

小机械, 小器具

gadgetry

gadgetry
Gadgetry is small machines or devices which do something useful.

- In the days before domestic gadgetry and time-saving appliances, food preparation took up most of the day.

- ...a passion for the latest electronic gadgetry.

N-UNCOUNT: oft adj N

Gaelic

[D.J.:ˈɡeilik]

[K.K.:ˈɡelɪk]

n.

盖尔语

adj.

盖尔人的

Gaelic *

1. Gaelic
Gaelic is a language spoken by people in parts of Scotland and Ireland.

- We weren't allowed to speak Gaelic at school.

N-UNCOUNT

2. Gaelic
Also an adjective.

- ...the Gaelic language.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. Gaelic
Gaelic means coming from or relating to Scotland and Ireland, especially the parts where Gaelic is spoken.

- ...an evening of Gaelic music and drama.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

gaff

[D.J.:ɡæf]

[K.K.:ɡæf]

n.

大鱼叉,帆船上缘的斜桁,鸡脚上的铁爪,〈英俚〉低级娱乐场所

v.

用鱼叉捉,用鱼钩拖上来,欺骗;赌博(尤指小赌博)

gaff

1. gaff gaffs
On a boat, a gaff is a pole which is attached to a mast in order to support a particular kind of sail.
N-COUNT: oft N n

2. gaff gaffs
A gaff is a pole with a point or hook at one end, which is used for catching large fish.
N-COUNT
= spear harpoon

gaffe

[D.J.:gæf]

[K.K.:ɡæf]

n.

失礼,出丑

gaffe

1. gaffe gaffes
A gaffe is a stupid or careless mistake, for example when you say or do something that offends or upsets people.

- He made an embarrassing gaffe at the convention last weekend.

- ...social gaffes committed by high-ranking individuals.

N-COUNT also gaff .
= blunder

2. gaffe
If you blow the gaffe or blow the gaff , you tell someone something that other people wanted you to keep secret. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects also gaff .
= let slip

gaffe

noun

blunder

bloomer informal

clanger informal

faux pas

howler

indiscretion

lapse

mistake

slip

solecism

gaffer

[D.J.:ˈɡæfə]

[K.K.:ˈɡæfɚ]

n.

老人,乡下老头,领班

gaffer

gaffer gaffers
People use gaffer to refer to the the person in charge of the workers at a place of work such as a factory. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The gaffer said he'd been fined for not doing the contract on time.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing; N-VOC
= boss

gaffer

noun

1.

manager

boss informal

foreman

overseer

superintendent

supervisor

2.

old man

granddad

greybeard

old boy informal

old fellow

old-timer U.S.

gag

[D.J.:gæg]

[K.K.:ɡæɡ]

n.

塞入口中或覆于口上的东西

限制言论自由的任何事物

笑话或滑稽故事

vt.

塞住〔堵住〕 (某人的)嘴;使缄默;剥夺…的言论自由

vi.

窒息, 作呕

插科打诨

be gagging for

很想得到；渴望

gagging

冷矫正

gag *

1. gag gags
A gag is something such as a piece of cloth that is tied around or put inside someone's mouth in order to stop them from speaking.

- His captors had put a gag of thick leather in his mouth.

N-COUNT

2. gag gags gagging gagged
If someone gags you, they tie a piece of cloth around your mouth in order to stop you from speaking or shouting.

- I gagged him with a towel.

VB

3. gag gags gagging gagged
If a person is gagged by someone in authority, they are prevented from expressing their opinion or from publishing certain information.

- Judges must not be gagged.

VB disapproval

4. gag gags gagging gagged
If you gag , you cannot swallow and nearly vomit.

- I knelt by the toilet and gagged.

VB
= retch heave

5. gag gags
A gag is a joke. (INFORMAL)

- ...a gag about policemen giving evidence in court.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= joke

6. gag gags gagging gagged
If you say that someone is gagging for something or is gagging to do something, you are emphasizing that they want to have it or do it very much. (INFORMAL)

- Girls everywhere are gagging for a car like this.

- There are thousands of students absolutely gagging to come to this university.

VB: only cont

gag

verb Informal

1.

suppress

curb

muffle

muzzle

quiet

silence

stifle

stop up

2.

retch

heave

puke slang

spew

throw up informal

vomit

gag

noun

joke

crack slang

funny informal

hoax

jest

wisecrack informal

witticism

gaga

[D.J.:ˈɡɑ:ɡɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑˌɡɑ]

adj.

〈美俗〉天真地,愚蠢的,非常起劲的,狂热的

gaga

1. gaga
If you say that someone is gaga , you mean that they cannot think clearly any more, especially because they are old. (INFORMAL)

- I do it because if you don't keep your brain working you go gaga.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= dotty

2. gaga
If someone goes gaga over a person or thing, they like them very much. (INFORMAL)

- My daughter is just gaga over men with hairy chests.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
= crazy

gaggle

[D.J.:ˈgægəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡæɡəl]

n.

(鹅)群

<口>散乱的一群,缺乏组织的团体

gaggle

gaggle gaggles
You can use gaggle to refer to a group of people, especially if they are noisy or disorganized.

- A gaggle of journalists sit in a hotel foyer waiting impatiently.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu N of n disapproval

gaiety

[D.J.:ˈgeɪɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈɡeɪti]

n.

快乐,高兴;作乐,欢乐

花哨,艳丽

gaiety

gaiety
Gaiety is a feeling, attitude, or atmosphere of liveliness and fun.

- Music rang out adding to the gaiety and life of the market.

N-UNCOUNT
= joy

gaiety

noun

1.

cheerfulness

blitheness

exhilaration

glee

high spirits

jollity

light-heartedness

merriment

mirth

2.

merrymaking

conviviality

festivity

fun

jollification

revelry

gaily

[D.J.:ˈgeɪli:]

[K.K.:ˈɡeli]

adv.

快乐地, 喜气洋洋地

gaily

1. gaily
If you do something gaily , you do it in a lively, happy way.

- Magda laughed gaily.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

2. gaily
Something that is gaily coloured or gaily decorated is coloured or decorated in a bright, pretty way.

- He put on a gaily coloured shirt.

- ...gaily painted front doors.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed
= brightly

gaily

adverb

1.

cheerfully

blithely

gleefully

happily

joyfully

light-heartedly

merrily

2.

colourfully

brightly

brilliantly

flamboyantly

flashily

gaudily

showily

gain

[D.J.:ɡein]

[K.K.:ɡen]

vt. & vi.

获得, 赢得

增加, 增进

(钟、表)走快

n.

获益; 增财

利润; 增加

gaining

[ˈɡeiniŋ]

n.

开槽

gains

收益

gain ****

1. gain gains gaining gained
If a person or place gains something such as an ability or quality, they gradually get more of it.

- Students can gain valuable experience by working on the campus radio or magazine.

- While it has lost its tranquility, the area has gained in liveliness.

VB

2. gain gains gaining gained
If you gain from something such as an event or situation, you get some advantage or benefit from it.

- The company didn't disclose how much it expects to gain from the two deals.

- There is absolutely nothing to be gained by feeling bitter.

- It is sad that a major company should try to gain from other people's suffering.

VB
= profit

3. gain gains gaining gained
To gain something such as weight or speed means to have an increase in that particular thing.

- Some people do gain weight after they stop smoking.

- The BMW started coming forward, passing the other cars and gaining speed as it approached.

- She gained some 25lb in weight during her pregnancy.

VB
≠ lose

4. gain gains
Also a noun.

- News on new home sales is brighter, showing a gain of nearly 8% in June.

- Excessive weight gain doesn't do you any good.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= increase

5. gain gains gaining gained
If you gain something, you obtain it, especially after a lot of hard work or effort.

- They realise that passing exams is no longer enough to gain a place at university.

- Their efforts helped the hostages gain their freedom.

VB
= acquire

6. gain
If you do something for gain , you do it in order to get some advantage or profit for yourself, and for no other reason. (FORMAL)

- ...buying art solely for financial gain.

PHR: PHR after v disapproval

7. gain
If something such as an idea or an ideal gains ground , it gradually becomes more widely known or more popular.

- There are strong signs that his views are gaining ground.

- The Christian right has been steadily gaining ground in state politics.

PHR: V inflects

8. gain
If you do something in order to gain time , you do it in order to give yourself enough time to think of an excuse or a way out of a difficult situation.

- ... I hoped to gain time by keeping him talking.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR to-inf

gain

verb

1.

obtain

acquire

attain

capture

collect

gather

get

land

pick up

secure

win

2.

reach

arrive at

attain

come to

get to

gain on

3.

get nearer

approach

catch up with

close

narrow the gap

overtake

noun

4.

profit

advantage

benefit

dividend

return

yield

5.

increase

advance

growth

improvement

progress

rise

gains

plural noun

profits

earnings

prize

proceeds

revenue

takings

winnings

gain on ****

gain on gains on; gaining on; gained on
If you gain on someone or something that is moving in front of you, you gradually get closer to them.

- In some places he was quicker and at others I'd gain on him.

- The Mercedes began to gain on the van.

PHR-V

gainer

[D.J.:ˈɡeinə]

[K.K.:ˈɡenɚ]

n.

得利者,胜利者,获得者

gainer

gainer gainers
A gainer is a person or organization who gains something from a particular situation.

- Overall, there were more losers than gainers.

- Tuesday's notable gainer was Sony, which reached a high of 9,070 yen.

N-COUNT: oft adj N
≠ loser

gainful

[D.J.:ˈɡeinful]

[K.K.:ˈɡenfəl]

adj.

有利益的,唯利是图的

gainfully

adv.

有利益地,有收入地

gainful

1. gainful
If you are in gainful employment, you have a job for which you are paid. (FORMAL)

- The lack of money comes from lack of opportunities for gainful employment.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. gainfully

- Both parents were gainfully employed.

ADV: ADV -ed

gainful

adjective

profitable

advantageous

beneficial

fruitful

lucrative

productive

remunerative

rewarding

useful

worthwhile

gainsay

[D.J.:geɪnˈseɪ, ˈgeɪnˌseɪ]

[K.K.:ɡenˈse, ˈɡenˌse]

vt.

否认,反驳

n.

否认,反驳

gainsay

gainsay gainsays gainsaying gainsaid
If there is no gainsaying something, it is true or obvious and everyone would agree with it. (FORMAL)

- However much people have criticised her style and some of her policies no one will gainsay her courage.

- There is no gainsaying the fact that they have been responsible for a truly great building.

VB: with brd-neg
= deny

gainsay

verb

contradict

contravene

controvert

deny

disagree with

dispute

rebut

retract

gait

[D.J.:geɪt]

[K.K.:ɡet]

n.

步态,步法

gait *

gait gaits
A particular kind of gait is a particular way of walking. (WRITTEN)

- ...a tubby little man in his fifties, with sparse hair and a rolling gait...

- His movements were decidedly clumsy, and his gait peculiarly awkward.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

gait

noun

walk

bearing

carriage

pace

step

stride

tread

gal

[D.J.:ɡæl]

[K.K.:ɡæl]

n.

女孩,少女

gal.

abbr.

gallon 加仑

gal.

abbr.

gallon 加仑

gal *

gal
Gal is used in written English to represent the word `girl' as it is pronounced in a particular accent.

- ...a Southern gal who wants to make it in the movies.

N-COUNT; N-VOC

gal

gal
gal is a written abbreviation for gallon or gallons .

- Diesel cost 60p/gal in some places.

The spelling gal. is also used.

gala

[D.J.:ˈgeɪlə, ˈgælə, ˈgɑ:lə]

[K.K.:ˈɡelə, ˈɡælə, ˈɡɑlə]

n.

节日;庆祝；盛会

adj.

节日的;欢庆的

gala *

gala galas
A gala is a special public celebration, entertainment, performance, or festival.

- ...a gala evening at the Royal Opera House.

N-COUNT: oft N n

gala

noun

festival

carnival

celebration

festivity

fête

jamboree

pageant

galactic

[D.J.:gəˈlæktɪk]

[K.K.:ɡəˈlæktɪk]

adj.

银河的

galactic

galactic
Galactic means relating to galaxies.
ADJ: ADJ n

galaxy

[D.J.:ˈɡæləksi]

[K.K.:ˈɡæləksi]

n.

星系

银河系, 银河

一群(杰出或著名的人物)

galaxy **

1. galaxy galaxies
A galaxy is an extremely large group of stars and planets that extends over many billions of light years.

- Astronomers have discovered a distant galaxy.

N-COUNT also Galaxy .

2. galaxy
The Galaxy is the extremely large group of stars and planets to which the Earth and the Solar System belong.

- The Galaxy consists of 100 billion stars.

N-PROPER: the N also Galaxy .

3. galaxy
If you talk about a galaxy of people from a particular profession, you mean a group of them who are all famous or important.

- He is one of a small galaxy of Dutch stars on German television.

N-SING: N of n also Galaxy .
= array

gale

[ɡeil]

n.

大风

(突发的)一阵

gale *

1. gale gales
A gale is a very strong wind.

- ...forecasts of fierce gales over the next few days.

N-COUNT

2. gale gales
You can refer to the loud noise made by a lot of people all laughing at the same time as a gale of laughter or gales of laughter. (WRITTEN)

- This was greeted with gales of laughter from the audience.

N-COUNT: N of n
= outburst

gale

noun

1.

storm

blast

cyclone

hurricane

squall

tempest

tornado

typhoon

2.

outburst

burst

eruption

explosion

fit

howl

outbreak

peal

shout

shriek

gale-force

gale-force
A gale-force wind is a very strong wind.

- ...bad weather with heavy rain and gale-force winds of up to seventy miles per hour.

ADJ: ADJ n

gall

[D.J.:gɔ:l]

[K.K.:ɡɔl]

n.

胆汁

怨恨, 怨愤

厚颜;鲁莽

(动物的)伤痛处

vt.

使…擦痛, 擦伤

烦扰, 侮辱

galling

[D.J.:ˈɡɔ:liŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡɔlɪŋ]

adj.

使烦恼的,难堪的,使焦躁的

gall *

1. gall
If you say that someone has the gall to do something, you are criticizing them for behaving in a rude or disrespectful way.

- I daresay he thought he was above the law. I can't get over the gall of the fellow.

- She had the gall to suggest that I might supply her with information about what Steve was doing.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n, the N to-inf disapproval
= nerve

2. gall galls galling galled
If someone's action galls you, it makes you feel very angry or annoyed, often because it is unfair to you and you cannot do anything about it.

- It must have galled him that Bardo thwarted each of these measures.

- It was their serenity which galled her most.

VB
= irk

3. galling

- It was especially galling to be criticised by this scoundrel.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

4. gall galls
A gall is a growth on the surface of a plant that is caused by an insect, disease, fungus, or injury.
N-COUNT

gall

noun Informal

1.

impudence

brazenness

cheek informal

chutzpah U.S. & Canad. informal

effrontery

impertinence

insolence

nerve informal

2.

bitterness

acrimony

animosity

bile

hostility

rancour

gall

verb Informal

1.

scrape

abrade

chafe

irritate

2.

annoy

exasperate

irk

irritate

provoke

rankle

vex

galling

adjective

annoying

bitter

exasperating

irksome

irritating

provoking

vexatious

gallant

[D.J.:ˈɡælənt]

[K.K.:ˈɡælənt]

adj.

堂皇的, 壮丽的, 雄伟的

勇敢的, 英勇的

(对女子)献殷勤的

n.

时髦的青年男子

gallantly

[D.J.:ˈ gæləntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡæləntlɪ]

adv.

勇敢地;大胆地

(船等)富丽堂皇

(对女性)殷勤地

gallant *

1. gallant
If someone is gallant , they behave bravely and honourably in a dangerous or difficult situation. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- The gallant soldiers lost their lives so that peace might reign again.

ADJ-GRADED
= brave

2. gallantly

- The town responded gallantly to the War.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= bravely

3. gallant
A gallant effort or fight is one in which someone tried very hard to do something difficult, although in the end they failed. (WRITTEN)

- He died at the age of 82, after a gallant fight against illness.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n approval
= valiant brave

4. gallantly

- The Spaniard gallantly fought off 11 set points before Seles won 8-6.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= valiantly

5. gallant
If a man is gallant , he is kind, polite, and considerate towards women. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Douglas was a complex man, thoughtful, gallant, and generous.

ADJ-GRADED
= courteous

6. gallantly

- He gallantly kissed Marie's hand as we prepared to leave.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= courteously

gallant

adjective

1.

brave

bold

courageous

heroic

honourable

intrepid

manly

noble

valiant

2.

chivalrous

attentive

courteous

gentlemanly

gracious

noble

polite

gallantry

[D.J.:ˈgæləntri:]

[K.K.:ˈɡæləntri]

n.

勇敢

(对女子的)殷勤

礼貌的言行

gallantry

1. gallantry
Gallantry is bravery shown by someone who is in danger, for example when they are fighting in a war. (FORMAL)

- For his gallantry he was awarded a Victoria Cross.

N-UNCOUNT
= bravery

2. gallantry
Gallantry is kind, polite, and considerate behaviour towards other people, especially women. (FORMAL)

- It's that time of year again, when thoughts turn to romance and gallantry.

N-UNCOUNT
= courtesy

gallantry

noun

1.

bravery

boldness

courage

heroism

intrepidity

manliness

spirit

valour

2.

attentiveness

chivalry

courteousness

courtesy

gentlemanliness

graciousness

nobility

politeness

gall bladder

gall bladder gall bladders
Your gall bladder is the organ in your body which contains bile and is next to your liver.
N-COUNT

galleon

[D.J.:ˈɡæliən]

[K.K.:ˈɡæliən, ˈɡæljən]

n.

大型帆船

galleon

galleon galleons
A galleon is a sailing ship with three masts. Galleons were used mainly in the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries.
N-COUNT

galleries

n.

图表种类

gallery

[D.J.:ˈɡæləri]

[K.K.:ˈɡæləri]

n.

画廊, 美术馆

楼座, (议会的)旁听席

走廊

gallery ***

1. gallery galleries
A gallery is a place that has permanent exhibitions of works of art in it.

- ...an art gallery.

- ...the National Gallery.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

2. gallery galleries
A gallery is a privately owned building or room where people can look at and buy works of art.

- The painting is in the gallery upstairs.

N-COUNT

3. gallery galleries
A gallery is an area high above the ground at the back or at the sides of a large room or hall.

- A crowd already filled the gallery.

N-COUNT

4. gallery galleries
If you play to the gallery , you do something in public in a way which you hope will impress people.

- They had been forced to find cheap tickets in the gallery.

- ...but I must tell you that in my opinion you're both now playing to the gallery.

PHR: V inflects

galley

[D.J.:ˈgæli:]

[K.K.:ˈɡæli]

n.

平底大船;战舰

(船上或航空器上的)厨房

galley *

1. galley galleys
On a ship or aircraft, the galley is the kitchen.
N-COUNT

2. galley galleys
In former times, a galley was a ship with sails and a lot of oars, which was often rowed by slaves or prisoners.
N-COUNT

Gallic

[D.J.:ˈɡælik]

[K.K.:ˈɡælɪk]

adj.

高卢的, 高卢人的

法国人及其性格的

Gallic *

Gallic
Gallic means the same as French . You sometimes use Gallic to describe ideas, feelings, or actions that you think are very typical of France and French people.

- The proposal has provoked howls of Gallic indignation.

- Mme Arlette gave a Gallic shrug.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= French

gallivant

[D.J.:ˌɡæliˈvænt]

[K.K.:ˈɡæləˌvænt]

vi.

闲逛,与异性闲荡

gallivant

gallivant gallivants gallivanting gallivanted
Someone who is gallivanting around goes to a lot of different places looking for amusement and entertainment. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- A girl's place is in the home, not gallivanting around and filling her head with nonsense.

VB
= gad

gallivant

verb

wander

gad about

ramble

roam

rove

gallon

[D.J.:ˈɡælən]

[K.K.:ˈɡælən]

n.

加仑

gallons

加仑

gallon **

gallon gallons
A gallon is a unit of measurement for liquids that is equal to eight pints. In Britain, it is equal to 4.564 litres. In America, it is equal to 3.785 litres.

- ...80 million gallons of water a day.

- ...a gasoline tax of 4.3 cents a gallon.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

gallop

[D.J.:ˈɡæləp]

[K.K.:ˈɡæləp]

n.

(马等)奔驰, 骑马奔驰

vt. & vi.

(使马)飞奔, 奔驰

vi.

快速做[说]某事

galloping

[D.J.:ˈɡæləpiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡæləpɪŋ]

adj.

飞驰的,急性的

gallop *

1. gallop gallops galloping galloped
When a horse gallops , it runs very fast so that all four legs are off the ground at the same time. If you gallop a horse, you make it gallop.

- The horses galloped away.

- Staff officers galloped fine horses down the road.

V-ERG

2. gallop gallops galloping galloped
If you gallop , you ride a horse that is galloping.

- Major Winston galloped into the distance.

VB

3. gallop
A gallop is a ride on a horse that is galloping.

- I was forced to attempt a gallop.

N-SING

4. gallop gallops galloping galloped
If something such as a process gallops , it develops very quickly and is often difficult to control.

- China's economy galloped ahead.

- ...galloping inflation.

VB

5. gallop gallops galloping galloped
If you gallop , you run somewhere very quickly.

- They are galloping around the garden playing football.

VB

6. gallop
If you do something at a gallop , you do it very quickly.

- I read the book at a gallop.

PHR: PHR after v

gallop

verb

run

bolt

career

dash

hurry

race

rush

speed

sprint

gallows

[D.J.:ˈgæləʊz]

[K.K.:ˈɡæloz]

n.

绞刑架

gallows

gallows
A gallows is a wooden frame used to execute criminals by hanging.
N-COUNT gallows is both the singular and the plural form

gallstone

[D.J.:ˈgɔ:lˌstəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈɡɔlˌston]

n.

胆(结)石

gallstones

胆石

gallstone

gallstone gallstones
A gallstone is a small, painful lump which can develop in your gall bladder.
N-COUNT

galore

[D.J.:ɡəˈlɔ:]

[K.K.:ɡəˈlɔr, -ˈlor]

adv.

很多

galore *

galore
You use galore to emphasize that something you like exists in very large quantities. (INFORMAL, WRITTEN)

- You'll be able to win prizes galore.

- ...a popular resort with beaches galore and a large marina.

ADJ: n ADJ emphasis

galore

adverb

in abundance

all over the place

aplenty

everywhere

in great quantity

in numbers

in profusion

to spare

galoshes

[ɡəˈlɔʃiz]

n.

(雨天用的)胶套鞋

galoshes

galoshes
Galoshes are waterproof shoes, usually made of rubber, which you wear over your ordinary shoes to prevent them getting wet.
N-PLURAL

galvanize

[D.J.:ˈgælvəˌnaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈɡælvəˌnaɪz]

vt.

用锌镀(铁)

激起某人行动起来

galvanized

镀锌的,电镀的

galvanizing

[ˈɡælvəˈnaiziŋ]

n.

镀锌

galvanize *

galvanize galvanizes galvanizing galvanized
To galvanize someone means to cause them to take action, for example by making them feel very excited, afraid, or angry.

- The aid appeal has galvanised the German business community.

- They have been galvanised into collective action -- militarily, politically and economically.

VB (BRIT) also galvanise
= stir

galvanized

galvanized
Galvanized metal, especially iron and steel, has been covered with zinc in order to protect it from rust and other damage.

- ...corrosion-resistant galvanized steel.

- ...75mm galvanised nails.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also galvanised

galvanize

verb

stimulate

electrify

excite

inspire

invigorate

jolt

provoke

spur

stir

gambit

[D.J.:ˈɡæmbit]

[K.K.:ˈɡæmbɪt]

n.

开局让棋法

策略, 诡计

gambit

1. gambit gambits
A gambit is an action or set of actions, which you carry out in order to try to gain an advantage in a situation or game.

- He sees the proposal as more of a diplomatic gambit than a serious defense proposal.

- Campaign strategists are calling the plan a clever political gambit.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= ploy tactic

2. gambit gambits
A gambit is a remark which you make to someone in order to start or continue a conversation with them.

- His favourite opening gambit is: `You are so beautiful, will you be my next wife?'.

- Bernard sat like a zombie, making no response to Tom's conversational gambits.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= remark ploy

gamble

[ˈɡæmbl]

vt. & vi.

赌博; 冒风险

n.

赌博, 打赌; 投机, 冒险

gambling

[D.J.:ˈgæmblɪŋ]

n.

赌博, 赌钱

冒险;投机

gamble **

1. gamble gambles
A gamble is a risky action or decision that you take in the hope of gaining money, success, or an advantage over other people.

- Yesterday, he named his cabinet and took a big gamble in the process.

- ...the French president's risky gamble in calling a referendum.

N-COUNT
= risk

2. gamble gambles gambling gambled
If you gamble on something, you take a risky action or decision in the hope of gaining money, success, or an advantage over other people.

- Few firms will be willing to gamble on new products.

- They are not prepared to gamble their careers on this matter.

- Who wants to gamble with the life of a friend?.

VB

3. gamble gambles gambling gambled
If you gamble an amount of money, you bet it in a game such as cards or on the result of a race or competition. People who gamble usually do it frequently.

- Most people visit Las Vegas to gamble their hard-earned money.

- John gambled heavily on the horses.

- Britain is the only country in Europe that allows minors to gamble.

- He gambled away his family estates on a single throw of the dice.

VB
= bet

gambling **

gambling
Gambling is the act or activity of betting money, for example in card games or on horse racing.

- Gambling is a form of entertainment.

- ...gambling casinos.

N-UNCOUNT

gamble

verb

1.

bet

game

have a flutter informal

play

punt

wager

2.

risk

chance

hazard

speculate

stick one's neck out informal

take a chance

noun

3.

risk

chance

leap in the dark

lottery

speculation

uncertainty

venture

4.

bet

flutter informal

punt

wager

gambler

[D.J.:ˈgæmbəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡæmbəl]

n.

赌博者, 赌徒

gambler *

1. gambler gamblers
A gambler is someone who gambles regularly, for example in card games or horse racing.
N-COUNT

2. gambler gamblers
If you describe someone as a gambler , you mean that they are ready to take risks in order to gain advantages or success.

- He had never been afraid of failure: he was a gambler, ready to go off somewhere else and start all over again.

N-COUNT
= risk-taker

gambol

[D.J.:ˈgæmbəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡæmbəl]

vi.

蹦跳,跳跃,嬉戏

n.

跳跃,嬉戏

gambol

gambol gambols gambolling gambolled
If animals or people gambol , they run or jump about in a playful way.

- They gamboled down the passageway.

- ...the sight of newborn lambs gambolling in the fields.

VB (AM) gamboling , gamboled
= frisk frolic

gambol

verb

1.

frolic

caper

cavort

frisk

hop

jump

prance

skip

noun

2.

frolic

caper

hop

jump

prance

skip

game

[D.J.:ɡeim]

[K.K.:ɡem]

n.

游戏

运动, 比赛

一场, 一局, 一盘

运动会

猎物

adj.

勇敢的, 有决心的, 敢作敢当的

愿意的, 心甘情愿的

残疾的; 瘸的

games

游戏程序

game *****

1. game games
A game is an activity or sport usually involving skill, knowledge, or chance, in which you follow fixed rules and try to win against an opponent or to solve a puzzle.

- ...the wonderful game of football.

- ...a playful game of hide-and-seek.

- ...a video game.

N-COUNT

2. game games
A game is one particular occasion on which a game is played.

- It was the first game of the season.

- He regularly watched our games from the stands.

- We won three games against Australia.

N-COUNT
= match

3. game games
A game is a part of a match, for example in tennis or bridge, consisting of a fixed number of points.

- She won six games to love in the second set.

- ...the last three points of the second game.

N-COUNT

4. game games
Games are an organized event in which competitions in several sports take place.

- ...the 1996 Olympic Games at Atlanta.

N-PLURAL

5. game games
Games are organized sports activities that children do at school. (BRIT)

- At his grammar school he is remembered for being bad at games but good in debates.

N-PLURAL
= sport

6. game
Someone's game is the degree of skill or the style that they use when playing a particular game.

- Once I was through the first set my game picked up.

N-SING: usu poss N

7. game games
You can describe a situation that you do not treat seriously as a game .

- Many people regard life as a game: you win some, you lose some.

- It's a cat-and-mouse game to him, and I'm the mouse.

N-COUNT

8. game games
You can use game to describe a way of behaving in which a person uses a particular plan, usually in order to gain an advantage for himself or herself.

- When the uncertainties become greater than the certainties, we end up in a game of bluff.

- Until now, the Americans have been playing a very delicate political game.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

9. game
Wild animals or birds that are hunted for sport and sometimes cooked and eaten are referred to as game .

- As men who shot game for food, they were natural marksmen.

N-UNCOUNT

10. game
If you are game for something, you are willing to do something new, unusual, or risky.

- After all this time he still had new ideas and was game to try them.

- He said he's game for a similar challenge next year.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to-inf, ADJ for n

11. game
If someone or something gives the game away , they reveal a secret or reveal their feelings, and this puts them at a disadvantage.

- The faces of the two conspirators gave the game away!

PHR: V inflects

12. game
If you are new to a particular game , you have not done a particular activity or been in a particular situation before.

- Don't forget that she's new to this game and will take a while to complete the task.

PHR: v-link PHR

13. game
If a man or woman is on the game , he or she is working as a prostitute. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
PHR: v-link PHR

14. game
If you beat someone at their own game , you use the same methods that they have used, but more successfully, so that you gain an advantage over them.

- He must anticipate the maneuvers of the other lawyers and beat them at their own game.

- The police knew that to trap the killer they had to play him at his own game.

PHR: PHR after v

15. game
If you say that something is all part of the game , you are telling someone not to be surprised or upset by something, because it is a normal part of the situation that they are in.

- For investors, risks are part of the game.

PHR: v-link PHR

16. game
If you say that someone is playing games or playing silly games , you mean that they are not treating a situation seriously and you are annoyed with them.

- This seemed to annoy Professor Steiner. `Don't play games with me' he thundered.

- From what I know of him he doesn't play silly games.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

17. game
If you say the game is up , you mean that someone's secret plans or activities have been revealed and therefore must stop because they cannot succeed.

- Some thought they would hold out until Sunday. The realists knew that the game was already up.

PHR: V inflects

game

noun

1.

pastime

amusement

distraction

diversion

entertainment

lark

recreation

sport

2.

match

competition

contest

event

head-to-head

meeting

tournament

3.

wild animals

prey

quarry

4.

scheme

design

plan

plot

ploy

stratagem

tactic

trick

adjective

5.

brave

courageous

gallant

gritty

intrepid

persistent

plucky

spirited

6.

willing

desirous

eager

interested

keen

prepared

ready

game bird

game bird game birds
Game birds are birds which are shot for food or for sport.

- The sauce is good with other roasted game birds, too, not just pheasant.

N-COUNT: usu pl

Gameboy

Gameboy Gameboys
A Gameboy is a small portable computer that is specially designed for people to play games on. (TRADEMARK)
N-VAR

gamekeeper

[D.J.:ˈgeɪmˌki:pə]

[K.K.:ˈɡemˌkipɚ]

n.

(私人土地上防止偷猎的)猎场看守人

poacher turned gamekeeper

偷猎者成了猎物保护人；角色易位的人；当年造反今天掌权的人

gamekeeper

gamekeeper gamekeepers
A gamekeeper is a person who takes care of the wild animals or birds that are kept on someone's land for hunting.
N-COUNT

gamely

[ˈɡeimli]

adv.

不屈地,勇敢地

gamely

gamely
If you do something gamely , you do it bravely or with a lot of effort.

- Mary Ann smiled at her gamely.

- He gamely defended his organisation's decision.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= resolutely

game park

game park game parks
A game park is a large area of land, especially in Africa, where wild animals can live safely.
N-COUNT
= game reserve

game plan

1. game plan game plans
In sport, a team's game plan is their plan for winning a match.

- Leeds kept quiet, stuck to their game plan and quietly racked up the points.

N-COUNT: usu poss N also game-plan .

2. game plan game plans
Someone's game plan is the actions they intend to take and the policies they intend to adopt in order to achieve a particular thing.

- If he has a game plan for winning the deal, only he understands it.

- He is unlikely to alter his game plan.

N-COUNT: oft poss N also game-plan .

gameplay

gameplay
The gameplay of a computer game is the way that it is designed and the skills that you need in order to play it.

- On PC, the game had it all -- imaginative storyline and characters, challenging gameplay, superb graphics.

N-UNCOUNT

game reserve

game reserve game reserves
A game reserve is a large area of land, especially in Africa, where wild animals can live safely.
N-COUNT
= game park

game show

game show game shows
Game shows are television programmes on which people play games in order to win prizes.

- Being a good game-show host means getting to know your contestants.

N-COUNT

gamesmanship

[D.J.:ˈɡeimzmən ʃip]

[K.K.:ˈɡemzmənˌʃɪp]

n.

竞赛时使用的虽不光明但不犯规的方法

gamesmanship

gamesmanship
Gamesmanship is the art or practice of winning a game by clever methods which are not against the rules but are very close to cheating.

- ...a remarkably successful piece of diplomatic gamesmanship.

N-UNCOUNT

gamete

[D.J.:ˈɡæmi:t]

[K.K.:ˈɡæmˌit, ɡəˈmit]

n.

接合体,配偶子

gamete

gamete gametes
Gamete is the name for the two types of male and female cell that join together to make a new creature. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

gamine

[D.J.:ɡæˈmi:n]

[K.K.:ɡæˈmin, ˈɡæmin]

n.

〈法〉女流浪儿;女顽童;妖冶的女人

gamine

1. gamine
If you describe a girl or a woman as gamine , you mean that she is attractive in a boyish way.

- She had a gamine charm which men found irresistibly attractive.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= boyish

2. gamine
Also a noun.

- Critics remarked upon her childlike beauty, describing her as a snub-nosed gamine.

N-SING

gaming

[D.J.:ˈgeɪmɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡemɪŋ]

n.

<旧><律>赌博

gaming *

gaming
Gaming means the same as gambling .

- ...offences connected with vice, gaming and drugs.

- ...the most fashionable gaming club in London.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

gamma

[D.J.:ˈɡæmə]

[K.K.:ˈɡæmə]

n.

希腊字母表的第三个字母

gamma *

gamma gammas
Gamma is the third letter of the Greek alphabet.
N-VAR

gamma rays

gamma rays
Gamma rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation that has a shorter wavelength and higher energy than X-rays.
N-PLURAL

gammon

[D.J.:ˈɡæmən]

[K.K.:ˈɡæmən]

n.

腌猪腿,胡说

v.

腌,欺骗;胡说,作假

int.

胡说八道!

gammon

gammon
Gammon is smoked or salted meat, similar to bacon, from the back leg or the side of a pig. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

gamut

[D.J.:ˈgæmət]

[K.K.:ˈɡæmət]

n.

全范围,全部

gamut

1. gamut
The gamut of something is the complete range of things of that kind, or a wide variety of things of that kind.

- Varied though the anthology may claim to be, it does not cover the whole gamut of Scottish poetry.

- As the story unfolded throughout the past week, I experienced the gamut of emotions: shock, anger, sadness, disgust, confusion.

N-SING: usu the N of n
= range variety

2. gamut
To run the gamut of something means to include, express, or experience all the different things of that kind, or a wide variety of them.

- The show runs the gamut of 20th century design.

- The reviews for `On a Clear Day' ran the gamut from contempt to qualified rapture.

PHR: V inflects

gamut

noun

range

area

catalogue

compass

field

scale

scope

series

sweep

gander

[D.J.:ˈgændə]

[K.K.:ˈɡændɚ]

n.

雄鹅

have/take a gander (at sth)

看一看；瞧一眼

gander

gander ganders
A gander is a male goose.
N-COUNT

gang

[ɡæŋ]

n.

(罪犯有组织的)一帮, 一伙

(闹事青少年的)一群

(工人有组织的)一队, 一组

vt.

使结成一帮

vi.

结伙行动; 合伙攻击

gang ***

1. gang gangs
A gang is a group of people, especially young people, who go around together and often deliberately cause trouble.

- During the fight with a rival gang he lashed out with his flick knife.

- Gang members were behind a lot of the violence.

- He was attacked by a gang of youths.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. gang gangs
A gang is a group of criminals who work together to commit crimes.

- Police were hunting for a gang who had allegedly stolen fifty-five cars.

- ...an underworld gang.

- ...a gang of masked robbers.

N-COUNT

3. gang
The gang is a group of friends who frequently meet. (INFORMAL)

- Come on over, we've got lots of the old gang here.

N-SING: usu the N

4. gang gangs
A gang is a group of workers who do physical work together.

- ...a gang of labourers.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

gang

noun

group

band

clique

club

company

coterie

crowd

mob

pack

squad

team

gang up ***

gang up gangs up; ganging up; ganged up
If people gang up on someone, they unite against them for a particular reason, for example in a fight or argument. (INFORMAL)

- Harrison complained that his colleagues ganged up on him.

- All the other parties ganged up to keep them out of power.

- All the girls in my class seemed to gang up against me.

PHR-V

gangbuster

[D.J.:ˈɡæŋˌbʌstə]

[K.K.:ˈɡæŋˌbʌstɚ]

n.

〈美口〉侦破团伙者,扫荡流氓的执法者

gangbuster

gangbuster
If something is going gangbusters , it is going strongly and doing very well. If someone comes on like gangbusters , they behave very energetically and sometimes aggressively.

- The economy was still going gangbusters.

- We're doing gangbuster business on game days.

PHR: Vs inflect

gangland

[D.J.:ˈɡæŋlænd]

[K.K.:ˈɡæŋˌlænd, -lənd]

n.

充斥盗匪的地区,黑社会

gangland

gangland
Gangland is used to describe activities or people that are involved in organized crime.

- It's been suggested they were gangland killings.

- Her younger brother, Raffaele, is one of Italy's top gangland bosses.

ADJ: ADJ n
= underworld

gangling

[D.J.:ˈgæŋglɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡæŋɡlɪŋ]

adj.

(指人)瘦高而难看的

gangling

gangling
Gangling is used to describe a young person, especially a man, who is tall, thin, and clumsy in their movements.

- His gangling, awkward gait has earned him the name Spiderman.

- ...his gangling, bony frame.

ADJ: ADJ n

gangling

adjective

tall

angular

awkward

lanky

rangy

rawboned

spindly

gangly

[D.J.:ˈɡæŋɡli]

[K.K.:ˈɡæŋɡli]

adj.

身材瘦长的

gangly

gangly
If you describe someone as gangly , you mean that they are tall and thin and have a slightly awkward or clumsy manner.

- ...a gangly youth dressed in jeans and trainers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= gangling

gangplank

[D.J.:ˈgæŋˌplæŋk]

[K.K.:ˈɡæŋˌplæŋk]

n.

(上下船用的)跳板

gangplank

gangplank gangplanks
The gangplank is a short bridge or platform that can be placed between the side of a ship or boat and the shore, so that people can get on or off.
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing
= gangway

gang rape

1. gang rape gang rapes gang raping gang raped
If a woman is gang raped , several men force her to have sex with them.

- For five hours, the women were gang-raped.

VB: usu passive also gang-rape

2. gang rape
Also a noun.
N-COUNT also gang-rape

gangrene

[D.J.:ˈgæŋˌgri:n, gæŋˈgri:n]

[K.K.:ˈɡæŋˌɡrin, ɡæŋˈɡrin]

n.

坏疽

gangrenous

adj.

gangrenous

[ˈɡæŋɡrinəs]

adj.

坏疽的,腐败的,脱疽的

gangrene

gangrene
Gangrene is the decay that can occur in a part of a person's body if the blood stops flowing to it, for example as a result of illness or injury.

- Once gangrene has developed the tissue is dead and the only hope is to contain the damage.

N-UNCOUNT

gangrenous

gangrenous
Gangrenous is used to describe a part of a person's body that has been affected by gangrene.

- ...patients with gangrenous limbs.

ADJ

gangsta

gangsta
Gangsta or gangsta rap is a form of rap music in which the words often refer to crime and violence.
N-UNCOUNT also gangsta rap

gangster

[D.J.:ˈɡæŋstə]

[K.K.:ˈɡæŋstɚ]

n.

匪徒, 歹徒

gangster *

gangster gangsters
A gangster is a member of an organized group of violent criminals.
N-COUNT

gangster

noun

racketeer

crook informal

hood U.S. slang

hoodlum chiefly U.S.

mobster U.S. slang

gangway

[D.J.:ˈgæŋˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡæŋˌwe]

n.

跳板;梯板;舷梯;舷门

<英>(剧场等)座位间的过道,通道

gangway

1. gangway gangways
A gangway is the same as a gangplank .
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

2. gangway gangways
The gangway is the passage between rows of seats, for example in a theatre or aircraft, for people to walk along. (BRIT)

- A man in the gangway suddenly stood up to reach for something in the overhead locker.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing
= aisle

gannet

[D.J.:ˈɡænit]

[K.K.:ˈɡænɪt]

n.

塘鹅

gannet

gannet gannets
Gannets are large white sea birds that live on cliffs.
N-COUNT

gantry

[D.J.:ˈɡæntri]

[K.K.:ˈɡæntri]

n.

构台,桶架

gantry

gantry gantries
A gantry is a high metal structure that supports a set of road signs, railway signals, or other equipment.

- On top of the gantry the American flag flew.

- ...the lighting gantries.

N-COUNT

gap

[D.J.:ɡæp]

[K.K.:ɡæp]

n.

缺口, 裂口

间隔, 间隙

差距

不足, 缺陷

gap ***

1. gap gaps
A gap is a space between two things or a hole in the middle of something solid.

- He pulled the thick curtains together, leaving just a narrow gap.

- ...the wind tearing through gaps in the window frames.

N-COUNT

2. gap gaps
A gap is a period of time when you are not busy or when you stop doing something that you normally do.

- There followed a gap of four years, during which William joined the Army.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= hiatus

3. gap gaps
If there is something missing from a situation that prevents it being complete or satisfactory, you can say that there is a gap .

- The manifesto calls for a greater effort to recruit young scientists to fill the gap left by a wave of retirements expected over the next decade.

- Like a good businessman, Stewart identified a gap in the market.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. gap gaps
A gap between two groups of people, things, or sets of ideas is a big difference between them.

- ...the gap between rich and poor...

- America's trade gap widened.

- Britain needs to bridge the technology gap between academia and industry.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N between pl-n
= gulf

gap

noun

1.

opening

break

chink

cleft

crack

hole

space

2.

interval

breathing space

hiatus

interlude

intermission

interruption

lacuna

lull

pause

respite

3.

difference

disagreement

disparity

divergence

inconsistency

gape

[D.J.:geɪp, gæp]

[K.K.:ɡep, ɡæp]

vi.

目瞪口呆地凝视

link v. & vi.

张开, 张大

n.

张口凝视

gaping

[D.J.:ˈgeɪpɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡepɪŋ]

adj.

口的；张口的；敞口的

多洞穴的

gape *

1. gape gapes gaping gaped
If you gape , you look at someone or something in surprise, usually with an open mouth.

- His secretary stopped taking notes to gape at me.

- He was not the type to wander round gaping at everything like a tourist.

- ...a grotesque face with its gaping mouth.

VB
= gawk

2. gape gapes gaping gaped
If you say that something such as a hole or a wound gapes , you are emphasizing that it is big or wide.

- The front door was missing. A hole gaped in the roof.

VB emphasis

3. gaping

- The aircraft took off with a gaping hole in its fuselage.

- The doctors took shrapnel out of a gaping wound in her back.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

gape

verb

1.

stare

gawk

gawp Brit. slang

goggle

wonder

2.

open

crack

split

yawn

gaping

adjective

wide

broad

cavernous

great

open

vast

wide open

yawning

gap-fill

gap-fill gap-fills
In language teaching, a gap-fill test is an exercise in which words are removed from a text and replaced with spaces. The learner has to fill each space with the missing word or a suitable word.
N-COUNT: usu N n
= cloze

gap-toothed

[ˈɡæptu:θt]

adj.

牙齿间隙大的

gap-toothed

gap-toothed
If you describe a person or their smile as gap-toothed , you mean that some of that person's teeth are missing.

- The old man's face broke into a broad, gap-toothed grin.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

gap year

gap year
A gap year is a period of time during which a student takes a break from studying after they have finished school and before they start college or university. (BRIT)

- I went around the world in my gap year.

N-SING

garage

[D.J.:ˈɡærɑ:ʒ]

[K.K.:ɡəˈrɑʒ, -ˈrɑdʒ]

n.

车库

汽车修理站; 加油站

garage **

1. garage garages
A garage is a building in which you keep a car. A garage is often built next to or as part of a house.
N-COUNT

2. garage garages
A garage is a place where you can get your car repaired. In Britain, you can also buy fuel for your car, or buy cars.

- Nancy took her car to a local garage for a check-up.

- Nelson Garage has the used car you're after.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

garage sale

garage sale garage sales
If you have a garage sale , you sell things such as clothes, toys and household items that you do not want, usually in your garage. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

garb

[D.J.:gɑ:b]

[K.K.:ɡɑrb]

n.

<正,幽>(尤指某类人穿的特定)服装,衣服;制服

garb

garb
Someone's garb is the clothes they are wearing, especially when these are unusual. (WRITTEN)

- At 9.30 p.m. a familiar figure in civilian garb came out of the main entrance.

- He wore the garb of a scout, not a general.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in adj N, oft with poss
= attire

garbage

[D.J.:ˈɡɑ:bidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrbɪdʒ]

n.

〈美〉垃圾, 废物

〈口〉废话

garbage *

1. garbage
Garbage is rubbish, especially waste from a kitchen. (mainly AM)

- This morning a bomb in a garbage bag exploded and injured 15 people.

- ...rotting piles of garbage.

N-UNCOUNT
= rubbish

2. garbage
If someone says that an idea or opinion is garbage , they are emphasizing that they believe it is untrue or unimportant. (INFORMAL)

- I personally think this is complete garbage.

- Furious government officials branded her story `garbage'.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= rubbish

garbage

noun

rubbish

refuse

trash chiefly U.S.

waste

garbage can

garbage can garbage cans
A garbage can is a container that you put rubbish into. (AM; in BRIT use dustbin )

- A bomb planted in a garbage can exploded early today.

N-COUNT

garbage collector

garbage collector garbage collectors
A garbage collector is a person whose job is to take people's garbage away. (AM; in BRIT use dustman )
N-COUNT

garbage disposal

garbage disposal garbage disposals
A garbage disposal or a garbage disposal unit is a small machine in the kitchen sink that breaks down waste matter so that it does not block the sink. (AM; in BRIT use waste disposal )
N-COUNT

garbage man

garbage man garbage men
A garbage man is the same as a garbage collector . (AM)
N-COUNT

garbage truck

garbage truck garbage trucks
A garbage truck is a large truck which collects the garbage from outside people's houses. (AM; in BRIT use dustcart )
N-COUNT

garbed

1. garbed
If someone is garbed in particular clothes, they are wearing those clothes. (LITERARY)

- He was garbed in sweater, tweed jacket, and flying boots.

ADJ: v-link ADJ in n, adv ADJ

2. garbed
Also a combining form.

- ...the small blue-garbed woman with a brown wrinkled face.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n

garbled

[ˈɡɑ:bld]

adj.

(指信息)混乱的，引起误解的

garbled

garbled
A garbled message or report contains confused or wrong details, often because it is spoken by someone who is nervous or in a hurry.

- The Coastguard needs to decipher garbled messages in a few minutes.

- ...his own garbled version of the El Greco story.

ADJ-GRADED
= jumbled

garbled

adjective

jumbled

confused

distorted

double-Dutch

incomprehensible

mixed up

unintelligible

garden

[D.J.:ˈɡɑ:dn]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrdn]

n.

宅旁园圃, 花园; 果园; 菜园

公园

肥沃的地区

vi.

从事园艺; 种植花木

gardened

有花园的

gardening

[D.J.:ˈgɑ:dnɪŋ]

[K.K.: ˈɡɑrdnɪŋ]

n.

园艺

gardens

园林

garden ****

1. garden gardens
In British English, a garden is a piece of land next to a house, with flowers, vegetables, other plants, and often grass. In American English, the usual word is yard , and a garden refers only to land which is used for growing flowers and vegetables.

- ...the most beautiful garden on Earth.

N-COUNT

2. garden gardens gardening gardened
If you garden , you do work in your garden such as weeding or planting.

- Jim gardened at the homes of friends on weekends.

VB

3. gardening

- I have taken up gardening again.

N-UNCOUNT

4. garden gardens
Gardens are places like a park that have areas of plants, trees, and grass, and that people can visit and walk around.

- The Gardens are open from 10.30am until 5pm.

- ...Kensington Gardens.

N-PLURAL

5. garden
Gardens is sometimes used as part of the name of a street.

- He lives at 9, Acacia Gardens.

N-IN-NAMES

garden centre *

garden centre garden centres
A garden centre is a large shop, usually with an outdoor area, where you can buy things for your garden such as plants and gardening tools.
N-COUNT
= nursery

gardener

[D.J.:ˈɡɑ:dnə]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrdnɚ, ˈɡɑrdnɚ]

n.

园丁, 园艺爱好者

gardener **

1. gardener gardeners
A gardener is a person who is paid to work in someone else's garden.
N-COUNT

2. gardener gardeners
A gardener is someone who enjoys working in their own garden growing flowers or vegetables.

- The majority of sweet peas are still bred by enthusiastic amateur gardeners.

N-COUNT

gardenia

[D.J.:gɑ:ˈdi:njə]

[K.K.:ɡɑrˈdinjə]

n.

栀子属植物,栀子花

gardenia

gardenia gardenias
A gardenia is a type of large, white, or yellow flower with a very pleasant smell. A gardenia is also the bush on which these flowers grow.
N-COUNT

garden party

garden party garden parties
A garden party is a formal party that is held out of doors, especially in a large private garden, during the afternoon.
N-COUNT: usu sing

garden-variety

[D.J.:ˈɡɑ:dənvəˌraiəti]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrdnvəˌraɪɪti]

adj.

普通的,平凡的

garden-variety

garden-variety
You can use garden-variety to describe something you think is ordinary and not special in any way. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use common-or-garden )

- The experiment itself is garden-variety science.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

gargantuan

[D.J.:gɑ:ˈgæntʃu:ən]

[K.K.:ɡɑrˈɡæntʃuən]

adj.

巨大的;庞大的

gargantuan

gargantuan
If you say that something is gargantuan , you are emphasizing that it is very large. (WRITTEN)

- ...a marketing event of gargantuan proportions.

- ...a gargantuan corruption scandal.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis
= huge colossal

gargle

[D.J.:ˈɡɑ:ɡl]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrɡəl]

n.

含漱剂,漱口药

v.

漱;漱口

gargle

1. gargle gargles gargling gargled
If you gargle , you wash your mouth and throat by filling your mouth with a liquid, tipping your head back and using your throat to blow bubbles through the liquid, and finally spitting it out.

- Try gargling with salt water as soon as a cough begins.

- At the sink, Neil noisily gargled something medicinal.

VB

2. gargle gargles
A gargle is a liquid which is used for gargling.

- The mixture can be used as a gargle several times a day.

N-COUNT: usu sing

gargoyle

[D.J.:ˈgɑ:ˌgɔɪl]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrˌɡɔɪl]

n.

怪兽状滴水嘴

gargoyle

gargoyle gargoyles
A gargoyle is a decorative stone carving on old buildings. It is usually shaped like the head of a strange and ugly creature, and water drains through it from the roof of the building.
N-COUNT

garish

[D.J.:ˈgeərɪʃ, ˈgær-]

[K.K.:ˈɡɛrɪʃ, ˈɡær-]

adj.

炫耀的,过于艳丽的,过分装饰的

garishly

adv.

鲜艳夺目地;俗不可耐地

garishness

n.

鲜艳夺目,炫耀

garishly

adv.

华丽地

garish *

1. garish
You describe something as garish when you dislike it because it is very bright in an unattractive, showy way.

- They climbed the garish purple-carpeted stairs.

- Residents have boycotted the restaurant because of its garish, illuminated signs.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= gaudy

2. garishly

- ...a garishly patterned three-piece suite.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed

garish

adjective

gaudy

brash

brassy

flashy

loud

showy

tacky informal

tasteless

vulgar

garland

[D.J.:ˈgɑ:lənd]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrlənd]

n.

花环;花冠;花圈

garland *

1. garland garlands
A garland is a circular decoration made from flowers and leaves. People sometimes wear garlands of flowers on their heads or around their necks.

- They wore blue silk dresses with cream sashes and garlands of summer flowers in their hair.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N of n

2. garland garlands garlanding garlanded
If people, places, or objects are garlanded , people hang garlands or similar decorations around them.

- Players and officials were garlanded with flowers.

- The wagons were decorated with flowers and pulled by garlanded horses.

VB: usu passive
= festoon deck

garland

noun

1.

wreath

bays

chaplet

crown

festoon

honours

laurels

verb

2.

adorn

crown

deck

festoon

wreathe

garlic

[D.J.:ˈɡɑ:lik]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrlɪk]

n.

大蒜

garlic **

garlic
Garlic is the small, white, round bulb of a plant that is related to the onion plant. Garlic has a very strong smell and taste and is used in cooking.

- ...a clove of garlic.

N-UNCOUNT

garlicky

[D.J.:ˈɡɑ:liki]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrlɪki]

adj.

大蒜似的,有大蒜气的

garlicky

garlicky
Something that is garlicky tastes or smells of garlic.

- ...a garlicky salad.

- ...garlicky breath.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

garment

[D.J.:ˈɡɑ:mənt]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrmənt]

n.

(一件)衣服

garment **

garment garments
A garment is a piece of clothing; used especially in contexts where you are talking about the manufacture or sale of clothes.

- Many of the garments have the customers' name tags sewn into the linings.

N-COUNT

garments

plural noun

clothes

apparel

attire

clothing

costume

dress

garb

gear slang

outfit

uniform

garner

[D.J.:ˈgɑ:nə]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrnɚ]

vt.

收集并(通常)贮藏(某物);取得, 获得

garner *

garner garners garnering garnered
If someone has garnered something useful or valuable, they have gained it or collected it. (FORMAL)

- Durham had garnered three times as many votes as Carey.

- He has garnered extensive support for his proposals.

- His priceless collection of Chinese art and artefacts was garnered over three decades.

VB
= gather acquire

garner

verb

collect

accumulate

amass

gather

hoard

save

stockpile

store

stow away

garnet

[D.J.:ˈɡɑ:nit]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrnɪt]

n.

石榴石

garnet

garnet garnets
A garnet is a hard, shiny stone that is used in making jewellery. Garnets can be red, yellow, or green in colour.
N-COUNT

garnish

[D.J.:ˈgɑ:nɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrnɪʃ]

vt.

给(上餐桌的食物)加装饰

n.

(为色香味而添加的)装饰菜

garnishment

n.

装饰,装饰品

garnishment

[D.J.:ˈɡɑ:niʃmənt]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrnɪʃmənt]

n.

添饰,出庭传票,扣押债权的通知

garnish *

1. garnish garnishes
A garnish is a small amount of salad, herbs, or other food that is used to decorate cooked or prepared food.

- ...a garnish of chopped raw onion, tomato and fresh coriander...

- Reserve some watercress for garnish.

N-VAR

2. garnish garnishes garnishing garnished
If you garnish cooked or prepared food, you decorate it with a garnish.

- She had finished the vegetables and was garnishing the roast.

VB

garnish

verb

1.

decorate

adorn

embellish

enhance

ornament

set off

trim

noun

2.

decoration

adornment

embellishment

enhancement

ornamentation

trimming

garret

[D.J.:ˈgærɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɡærɪt]

n.

顶楼,阁楼

garret

garret garrets
A garret is a small room at the top of a house.
N-COUNT
= attic

garrison

[D.J.:ˈɡærisn]

[K.K.:ˈɡærɪsən]

n.

守备部队, 卫戍部队

vt.

卫戍部队守备

派部队驻防

garrison *

1. garrison garrisons
A garrison is a group of soldiers whose task is to guard the town or building where they live.

- ...a five-hundred man French army garrison.

N-COUNT-COLL

2. garrison garrisons
A garrison is the buildings which the soldiers live in.

- The approaches to the garrison have been heavily mined.

N-COUNT

3. garrison garrisons garrisoning garrisoned
To garrison a place means to put soldiers there in order to protect it. You can also say that soldiers are garrisoned in a place.

- British troops still garrisoned the country.

- No other soldiers were garrisoned there.

- ...the large, heavily garrisoned towns.

VB

garrison

noun

1.

troops

armed force

command

detachment

unit

2.

fort

base

camp

encampment

fortification

fortress

post

station

stronghold

verb

3.

station

assign

position

post

put on duty

garrotte

[ɡəˈrɔt]

n.

绞刑

vt.

绞杀

garrotte

1. garrotte garrottes garrotting garrotted
If someone is garrotted , they are killed by having something such as a piece of wire or cord pulled tightly round their neck.

- The two guards had been garrotted.

VB

2. garrotte garrottes
A garrotte is a piece of wire or cord used to garrotte someone.
N-COUNT

garrulous

garrulous
If you describe someone as garrulous , you mean that they talk a great deal, especially about unimportant things.

- I found her in conversation with Mrs Williams, a garrulous old woman who lived next door.

ADJ-GRADED
= talkative ≠ taciturn

garrulous

adjective

talkative

chatty

gossiping

loquacious

prattling

verbose

voluble

garter

[D.J.:ˈɡɑ:tə]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrtɚ]

n.

吊袜带

v.

吊袜带吊住

garter

garter garters
A garter is a piece of elastic worn round the top of a stocking or sock in order to prevent it from slipping down.
N-COUNT

garter belt

garter belt garter belts
A garter belt is a piece of underwear for women that is used for holding up stockings. (AM; in BRIT use suspender belt )
N-COUNT

gas

[D.J.:ɡæs]

[K.K.:ɡæs]

n.

气体

煤气

汽油

毒气

空谈, 吹牛

有趣的事

vt.

使…吸入毒气

vi.

空谈, 吹牛

gassed

[D.J.:ɡæst]

[K.K.:ɡæst]

adj.

喝醉酒的,使陶醉的

gassing

[ˈɡæsiŋ]

n.

气体处理,吹嘘,毒气攻击

gas ****

1. gas
Gas is a substance like air that is neither liquid nor solid and burns easily. It is used as a fuel for cooking and heating.

- Coal is actually cheaper than gas.

- Shell signed a contract to develop oil and gas reserves near Archangel.

N-UNCOUNT

2. gas gases
A gas is any substance that is neither liquid nor solid, for example oxygen or hydrogen.

- Helium is a very light gas.

- ...a huge cloud of gas and dust from the volcanic eruption.

N-VAR The form gases is the plural of the noun.

3. gas gases
Gas is a poisonous gas that can be used as a weapon.

- ...mustard gas...

- The problem was that the exhaust gases contain many toxins.

N-MASS The form gases is the plural of the noun.

4. gas gases
Gas is a gas used for medical purposes, for example to make patients feel less pain or go to sleep during an operation. (INFORMAL)

- ...an anaesthetic gas used by many dentists.

N-MASS The form gases is the plural of the noun.

5. gas
Gas is the fuel which is used to drive motor vehicles. (AM; in BRIT use petrol )

- ...a tank of gas.

- ...gas stations.

N-UNCOUNT
= gasoline

6. gas gasses gassing gassed
To gas a person or animal means to kill them by making them breathe poisonous gas.

- Her husband ran a pipe from her car exhaust to the bedroom in an attempt to gas her.

VB The form gasses is the third person singular of the verb

7. gas
You can describe a situation or event as a gas when it is very lively, amusing, and enjoyable. (INFORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED)

- It was really a gas to find someone I could talk with.

N-SING: a N

8. gas
If you step on the gas when you are driving a vehicle, you go faster. (INFORMAL) (mainly AM; in BRIT use step on it )
PHR: V inflects
= accelerate

gas chamber

gas chamber gas chambers
A gas chamber is a room that has been specially built so that it can be filled with poisonous gas in order to kill people or animals.
N-COUNT

gaseous

[D.J.:ˈgæsi:əs, ˈgæʃəs]

[K.K.:ˈɡæsiəs, ˈɡæʃəs]

adj.

气态的;似气体的

gaseous

gaseous
You use gaseous to describe something which is in the form of a gas, rather than a solid or liquid.

- Freon exists both in liquid and gaseous states.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

gas fire

gas fire gas fires
A gas fire is a fire that produces heat by burning gas.
N-COUNT

gas guzzler

gas guzzler gas guzzlers
If you say that a car is a gas guzzler you mean that it uses a lot of fuel and is not cheap to run. (AM, INFORMAL)

- They say gas guzzlers are contributing to air pollution.

N-COUNT also gas-guzzler .

gash

[D.J.:ɡæʃ]

[K.K.:ɡæʃ]

n.

深长的切口(或伤口)

vt.

划伤, 割破

gash *

1. gash gashes
A gash is a long, deep cut in your skin or in the surface of something.

- There was an inch-long gash just above his right eye.

N-COUNT

2. gash gashes gashing gashed
If you gash something, you accidentally make a long and deep cut in it.

- He gashed his leg while felling trees.

VB

gash

verb

1.

cut

gouge

lacerate

slash

slit

split

tear

wound

noun

2.

cut

gouge

incision

laceration

slash

slit

split

tear

wound

gasket

[D.J.:ˈɡæskit]

[K.K.:ˈɡæskɪt]

n.

束帆索,垫圈,衬垫

gasket

gasket gaskets
A gasket is a flat piece of soft material that you put between two joined surfaces in a pipe or engine in order to make sure that gas and oil cannot escape.
N-COUNT

gaslight

[D.J.:ˈɡæslait]

[K.K.:ˈɡæsˌlaɪt]

n.

煤气灯光,煤气灯

gaslight

1. gaslight gaslights
A gaslight is a lamp that produces light by burning gas.

- The gaslights in the passage would be on, turned low.

N-COUNT also gas light .

2. gaslight
Gaslight is also the light that the lamp produces.

- He would show his collection by gaslight.

N-UNCOUNT also gas light .

gasman

n.

煤气工场的工人,煤气表抄表员,煤气装配工人

gasman

gasman gasmen
The gasman is a man who works for a gas company, repairing gas appliances in people's houses, or checking how much gas they have used. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

gas mask *

gas mask gas masks
A gas mask is a device that you wear over your face in order to protect yourself from poisonous gases.
N-COUNT

gasoline

[D.J.:ˈɡæsəli:n]

[K.K.:ˈɡæsəˌlin, ˌɡæsəˈlin]

n.

汽油

gasoline **

gasoline
Gasoline is the same as petrol . (AM)
N-UNCOUNT

gasometer

[D.J.:ɡæˈsɔmitə]

[K.K.:ɡæˈsɑmɪtɚ]

n.

贮气器, (储)煤气柜

gasometer

gasometer gasometers
Gasometers are very large metal containers that were used in the past to store gas, then supply it through pipes to buildings for heating and cooking.
N-COUNT

gasp

[D.J.:ɡɑ:sp]

[K.K.:ɡæsp]

vi.

喘气, 喘息, 倒抽气

很想要

vt.

喘着气说出

n.

喘气, 喘息

gasping

[ˈɡɑ:spiŋ]

adj.

喘气的

gasp **

1. gasp gasps
A gasp is a short quick breath of air that you take in through your mouth, especially when you are surprised, shocked, or in pain.

- An audible gasp went round the court as the jury announced the verdict.

- She gave a small gasp of pain.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. gasp gasps gasping gasped
When you gasp , you take a short quick breath through your mouth, especially when you are surprised, shocked, or in pain.

- She gasped for air and drew in a lungful of water.

- I heard myself gasp and cry out.

VB

3. gasp
You describe something as the last gasp to emphasize that it is the final part of something or happens at the last possible moment.

- ...the last gasp of a dying system of censorship.

- He snatched a last gasp winner.

PHR: usu PHR of n, PHR n emphasis

gasp

verb

1.

gulp

blow

catch one's breath

choke

pant

puff

noun

2.

gulp

exclamation

pant

puff

sharp intake of breath

gas pedal

gas pedal gas pedals
The gas pedal is another name for the accelerator . (mainly AM)
N-COUNT: usu the N

gas ring

gas ring gas rings
A gas ring is a metal device on top of a cooker or stove, where you can burn gas in order to cook food on it. (BRIT; in AM use burner )
N-COUNT
= burner

gas station *

gas station gas stations
A gas station is a place where you can buy fuel for your car. (AM)
N-COUNT
= filling station

gassy

[D.J.:ˈɡæsi]

[K.K.:ˈɡæsi]

adj.

气体的,气状的,含气的,〈口〉夸夸其谈的,空话连篇的,吹牛的

gassy

gassy gassier gassiest
Something that is gassy contains a lot of bubbles or gas.

- The champagne was sweet and too gassy.

ADJ-GRADED
= fizzy

gastric

[D.J.:ˈgæstrɪk]

[K.K.:ˈɡæstrɪk]

adj.

胃的,胃部的

gastric *

gastric
You use gastric to describe processes, pain, or illnesses that occur in someone's stomach. (MEDICAL)

- He suffered from diabetes and gastric ulcers.

ADJ: ADJ n

gastroenteritis

[D.J.:ˌɡæstrəuˌentəˈraitis]

[K.K.:ˌɡæstroˌɛntəˈraɪtɪs]

n.

肠胃炎

gastroenteritis

gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis is an illness in which the lining of your stomach and intestines becomes swollen and painful. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT also gastro-enteritis .

gastrointestinal

[D.J.:ˌɡæstrəuinˈtestənl]

[K.K.:ˌɡæstroɪnˈtɛstənəl]

adj.

胃与肠的

gastrointestinal

gastrointestinal
Gastrointestinal means relating to the stomach and intestines. (MEDICAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

gastronome

[D.J.:ɡæˈstrɔnəmi]

[K.K.:ˈɡæstrəˌnom]

n.

美食者,爱吃的人

gastronome

gastronome gastronomes
A gastronome is someone who enjoys preparing and eating good food, especially unusual or expensive food. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= gourmet

gastronomic

[D.J.:ˌɡæstrəuˈnɔmik]

[K.K.:ˌɡæstrəˈnɑmɪk]

adj.

美食(烹饪)法的,烹任学的

gastronomy

[D.J.:gæˈstrɔnəmi:]

[K.K.:ɡæˈstrɑnəmi]

n.

美食学;烹调法

gastronomic

adj.

gastronomically

adv.

gastronomic

gastronomic
Gastronomic is used to describe things that are concerned with good food. (FORMAL)

- Paris is the gastronomic capital of the world.

- She is sampling gastronomic delights along the Riviera.

ADJ: ADJ n

gastronomy

gastronomy
Gastronomy is the activity and knowledge involved in preparing and appreciating good food. (FORMAL)

- Burgundy has always been considered a major centre of gastronomy.

N-UNCOUNT

gasworks

[D.J.:ˈɡæswə:ks]

[K.K.:ˈɡæsˌwɚks]

n.

煤气厂

gasworks

gasworks gasworks
A gasworks is a factory where gas is made, usually from coal, so that it can be used as a fuel.
N-COUNT also gas works .

gate

[D.J.:ɡeit]

[K.K.:ɡet]

n.

门, 栅栏门

登机门

观众人数

入场费, 门票收入

gate ***

1. gate gates
A gate is a structure like a door which is used at the entrance to a field, a garden, or the grounds of a building.

- He opened the gate and started walking up to the house.

N-COUNT

2. gate gates
In an airport, a gate is a place where passengers leave the airport and get on their aeroplane.

- Passengers with hand luggage can go straight to the departure gate to check in there.

N-COUNT

3. gate
Gate is used in the names of streets in Britain that are in a place where there once was a gate into a city.

- ...9 Palace Gate.

N-IN-NAMES

4. gate gates
The gate at a sporting event such as a football match or baseball game is the total number of people who attend it.

- Their average gate is less than 23,000.

N-COUNT
= attendance

gate

noun

barrier

door

entrance

exit

gateway

opening

passage

portal

gateau

n.

奶油蛋糕

gateau

gateau gateaux
A gateau is a very rich, elaborate cake, especially one with cream in it. (mainly BRIT)

- ...a large slice of gateau.

- ...a huge selection of gateaux, cakes and pastries.

N-VAR

gatecrash

vt.

不请自到;无票入场

gatecrasher

n.

(招待会等的)

gatecrash

1. gatecrash gatecrashes gatecrashing gatecrashed
If someone gatecrashes a party or other social event, they go to it, even though they have not been invited.

- Scores of people tried desperately to gatecrash the party.

- He had gatecrashed but he was with other people we knew and there was no problem.

VB

2. gatecrasher gatecrashers

- Panic set in as gatecrashers tried to force their way through the narrow doors and corridors.

N-COUNT

gated community

gated community gated communities
A gated community is an area of houses and sometimes shops that is surrounded by a wall or fence and has an entrance that is guarded. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

gatehouse

[D.J.:ˈgeɪtˌhaʊs]

[K.K.:ˈɡetˌhaʊs]

n.

警卫室,门房

gatehouse

gatehouse gatehouses
A gatehouse is a small house next to a gate on the edge of a park or country estate.
N-COUNT

gatekeeper

[D.J.:ˈɡeitˌki:pə]

[K.K.:ˈɡetˌkipɚ]

n.

看门人

gatekeeper

gatekeeper gatekeepers
A gatekeeper is a person who is in charge of a gate and who allows people through it.
N-COUNT

gate money

gate money
Gate money is the total amount of money that is paid by the people who go to a sports match or other event. (mainly BRIT)

- We gave the gate money to the St John Ambulance brigade.

N-UNCOUNT

gatepost

[D.J.:ˈɡeitpəust]

[K.K.:ˈɡetˌpost]

n.

门柱

gatepost

gatepost gateposts
A gatepost is a post in the ground which a gate is hung from, or which it is fastened to when it is closed.
N-COUNT

gateway

[D.J.:ˈgeɪtˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡetˌwe]

n.

大门口

门径, 关口

方法, 手段, 途径

gateway *

1. gateway gateways
A gateway is an entrance where there is a gate.

- He walked across the park and through a gateway.

N-COUNT

2. gateway gateways
A gateway to somewhere is a place which you go through because it leads you to a much larger place.

- Lyons is the gateway to the Alps for motorists driving out from Britain.

N-COUNT: usu N to n

3. gateway gateways
If something is a gateway to a job, career, or other activity, it gives you the opportunity to make progress or get further success in that activity.

- The prestigious title offered a gateway to success in the highly competitive world of modelling.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N to n
= passport

4. gateway gateways
In computing, a gateway connects different computer networks so that information can be passed between them. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

gather

[D.J.:ˈɡæðə]

[K.K.:ˈɡæðɚ]

vt. & vi.

(使)聚集; 集合

推断; 了解

vt.

收集, 收拢(分散的东西)

采集, 采拾; 收割, 收获

把…围住, 拉紧…; 打褶子

gathering

[D.J.:ˈgæðərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡæðərɪŋ]

n.

聚集, 集会

gather ****

1. gather gathers gathering gathered
If people gather somewhere, they come together in a group.

- In the evenings, we gathered around the fireplace and talked.

- The man signalled for me to gather the children together.

V-ERG
= congregate

2. gather gathers gathering gathered
If you gather things, you collect them together so that you can use them.

- I suggest we gather enough firewood to last the night.

- She stood up and started gathering her things together.

VB
= collect

3. gather up gathers up; gathering up; gathered up
Gather up means the same as gather .

- When Sutcliffe had gathered up his papers, he went out.

- He gathered the leaves up off the ground.

PHR-V

4. gather gathers gathering gathered
If you gather information or evidence, you collect it, especially over a period of time and after a lot of hard work.

- ...a private detective using a hidden tape recorder to gather information...

- This would help the prosecutor gather evidence against him which could be used in court.

VB
= collect amass

5. gather gathers gathering gathered
If something gathers speed, momentum, or force, it gradually becomes faster or more powerful.

- Demands for his dismissal have gathered momentum in recent weeks.

- The raft gathered speed as the current dragged it toward the falls.

VB
= gain

6. gather gathers gathering gathered
When you gather something such as your strength, courage, or thoughts, you make an effort to prepare yourself to do something.

- You must gather your strength for the journey.

VB
= muster

7. gather up gathers up; gathering up; gathered up
Gather up means the same as gather .

- She was gathering up her courage to approach him when he called to her.

PHR-V

8. gather gathers gathering gathered
You use gather in expressions such as ` I gather ' and ` as far as I can gather ' to introduce information that you have found out, especially when you have found it out in an indirect way.

- I gather his report is highly critical of the trial judge.

- `He speaks English,' she said to Graham. `I gathered that.'.

- From what I could gather, he was trying to raise money by organising festivals.

VB

9. gather gathers gathering gathered
If you gather fabric or cloth, you make a row of very small folds in it by sewing a thread through it and then pulling the thread tight.

- Gather the skirt at the waist.

VB

gathering **

1. gathering gatherings
A gathering is a group of people meeting together for a particular purpose.

- ...the twenty-second annual gathering of the South Pacific Forum.

N-COUNT

2. gathering
If there is gathering darkness, the light is gradually decreasing, usually because it is nearly night.

- The lighthouse beam was quite distinct in the gathering dusk.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also gather .

gather

verb

1.

assemble

accumulate

amass

collect

garner

mass

muster

stockpile

2.

learn

assume

conclude

deduce

hear

infer

surmise

understand

3.

pick

cull

garner

glean

harvest

pluck

reap

select

4.

intensify

deepen

expand

grow

heighten

increase

rise

swell

thicken

5.

fold

pleat

tuck

gathering

noun

assembly

company

conclave

congress

convention

crowd

group

meeting

gatherer

[ˈɡæðərə]

n.

收集器;收集者

gatherer

gatherer gatherers
A gatherer is someone who collects or gathers a particular thing.

- The brazil nut gatherers were paid only 2 to 3 percent of the New York wholesale price.

- ...professional intelligence gatherers.

N-COUNT: usu n N

gator

gator gators
A gator is the same as an alligator . (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also 'gator .
= alligator

gauche

[D.J.:gəʊʃ]

[K.K.:ɡoʃ]

adj.

不善交际的,笨拙的

gauchely

adv.

gaucheness

n.

gauche

gauche
If you describe someone as gauche , you mean that they are awkward and uncomfortable in the company of other people.

- We're all a bit gauche when we're young.

- She was a rather gauche, provincial creature.

ADJ-GRADED
= shy awkward

gauche

adjective

awkward

clumsy

ill-mannered

inelegant

tactless

unsophisticated

gaucho

[D.J.:ˈɡautʃəu]

[K.K.:ˈɡaʊtʃo]

n.

南美牧人

gaucho

gaucho gauchos
A gaucho is a South American cowboy.
N-COUNT

gaudy

[D.J.:ˈgɔ:di:]

[K.K.:ˈɡɔdi]

adj.

花哨的, 俗气的

gaudy *

gaudy gaudier gaudiest
If something is gaudy , it is very brightly-coloured and showy.

- ...her gaudy orange-and-purple floral hat.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= garish

gaudy

adjective

garish

bright

flashy

loud

showy

tacky informal

tasteless

vulgar

gauge

[D.J.:ɡeidʒ]

[K.K.:ɡedʒ]

n.

厚度, 直径

测量仪表

规格, 尺度

vt.

计量, 度量

估计, 判断

gauged

[ˈɡeidʒid]

adj.

校准的;标准的;量规的;量计的;测量的

gauging

[ˈɡeidʒiŋ]

n.

测量[试],测定;计量

gauge **

1. gauge gauges gauging gauged
If you gauge the speed or strength of something, or if you gauge an amount, you measure or calculate it, often by using a device of some kind.

- He gauged the wind at over thirty knots.

- Distance is gauged by journey time rather than miles.

VB

2. gauge gauges
A gauge is a device that measures the amount or quantity of something and shows the amount measured.

- ...temperature gauges.

- ...pressure gauges.

N-COUNT: oft n N

3. gauge gauges gauging gauged
If you gauge people's actions, feelings, or intentions in a particular situation, you carefully consider and judge them.

- Plans flickered through Derec's mind as he gauged possible enemy moves and his own responses.

- His mood can be gauged by his reaction to the most trivial of incidents.

VB
= assess

4. gauge
A gauge of someone's feelings or a situation is a fact or event that can be used to judge them.

- The index is the government's chief gauge of future economic activity.

N-SING: usu N of n
= measure

5. gauge gauges
A gauge is the distance between the two rails on a railway line.

- ...a narrow gauge railway.

N-COUNT: usu n N

6. gauge gauges
A gauge is the thickness of something, especially metal or wire.
N-COUNT

gauge

verb

1.

measure

ascertain

calculate

check

compute

count

determine

weigh

2.

judge

adjudge

appraise

assess

estimate

evaluate

guess

rate

reckon

value

noun

3.

indicator

criterion

guide

guideline

measure

meter

standard

test

touchstone

yardstick

gaunt

[D.J.:gɔ:nt]

[K.K.:ɡɔnt]

adj.

憔悴的,骨瘦如柴的

不毛的,荒凉的

gauntly

adv.

贫瘠地,荒凉地

gauntness

n.

憔悴;荒凉

gaunt *

1. gaunt
If someone looks gaunt , they look very thin, usually because they have been very ill or worried.

- Looking gaunt and tired, he denied there was anything to worry about.

ADJ-GRADED
= drawn pinched

2. gaunt
If you describe a building as gaunt , you mean it is very plain and unattractive. (LITERARY)

- Above on the hillside was a large, gaunt, grey house.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

gaunt

adjective

thin

angular

bony

haggard

lean

pinched

scrawny

skinny

spare

gauntlet

[D.J.:ˈɡɔ:ntlit]

[K.K.:ˈɡɔntlɪt, ˈɡɑnt-]

n.

(中世纪武士用的)金属手套

长手套, 防护手套

gauntlet *

1. gauntlet gauntlets
Gauntlets are long, thick, protective gloves.

- ...a pair of pale yellow leather driving gauntlets.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. gauntlet
If you pick up the gauntlet or take up the gauntlet , you accept the challenge that someone has made.

- She picked up the gauntlet in her incisive Keynote Address to the Conference.

- Whoever decides to take up the gauntlet and challenge the Prime Minister will have a tough battle.

PHR: V inflects

3. gauntlet
If you run the gauntlet , you go through an unpleasant experience in which a lot of people criticize or attack you.

- The trucks tried to drive to the British base, running the gauntlet of marauding bands of gunmen.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR of n

4. gauntlet
If you throw down the gauntlet to someone, you say or do something that challenges them to argue or compete with you.

- Luxury car firm Jaguar has thrown down the gauntlet to competitors by giving the best guarantee on the market.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR to n

gauze

[D.J.:gɔ:z]

[K.K.:ɡɔz]

n.

薄纱

纱网

gauze

gauze
Gauze is a type of light, soft cloth with tiny holes in it.

- Extract the juice by straining it through a piece of gauze or a sieve.

N-UNCOUNT

gauzy

[D.J.:ˈɡɔ:zi]

[K.K.:ˈɡɔzi]

adj.

纱似的,薄的

gauzy

gauzy
Gauzy material is light, soft, and thin, so that you can see through it.

- ...thin, gauzy curtains stirred by a breeze.

ADJ: ADJ n
= filmy

gave

[D.J.:ɡeiv]

[K.K.:ɡev]

give的过去式

give

[D.J.:ɡiv]

[K.K.:ɡɪv]

vt. & vi.

给予, 赠送

vt.

供给, 提供

交给, 托付

做出(某一动作), 发出(声音等)

举办, 表演

付出, 出售

产生, 引起

vi.

(物体)塌下

让步

given

[D.J.:ˈɡivən]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪvən]

adj.

规定的, 特定的

prep.

(表示原因)考虑到

(表示假设)倘若; 假定

giving

[ˈɡiviŋ]

n.

礼物,给予物

gave

Gave is the past tense of give .

give 1 used with nouns describing actions *****

1. give gives gave given
You can use give with nouns that refer to physical actions. The whole expression refers to the performing of the action. For example, She gave a smile means almost the same as `She smiled'.

- She stretched her arms out and gave a great yawn.

- Giving a sigh, she fell to her knees at my feet.

- He gave her a fond smile.

- He reached for her hand and gave it a reassuring squeeze.

VB: no cont

2. give gives giving gave given
You use give to say that a person does something for another person. For example, if you give someone a lift, you take them somewhere in your car.

- I gave her a lift back out to her house.

- He was given mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

- Sophie asked her if she would like to come and give art lessons.

VB

3. give gives giving gave given
You use give with nouns that refer to information, opinions, or greetings to indicate that something is communicated. For example, if you give someone some news, you tell it to them.

- He gave no details.

- Would you like to give me your name?.

- He asked me to give his regards to all of you.

- He gave the cause of death as multiple injuries.

VB

4. give gives giving gave given
You use give to say how long you think something will last or how much you think something will be.

- A BBC poll gave the Labour Party a 12 per cent lead.

- Ted and his lawyers gave the company 11 months to sell off everything.

VB

5. give gives gave given
People use give in expressions such as I don't give a damn to show that they do not care about something. (INFORMAL)

- They don't give a damn about the country.

VB: no cont, no passive, with brd-neg feelings

6. give gives giving gave given
If someone or something gives you a particular idea or impression, it causes you to have that idea or impression.

- They gave me the impression that they were doing exactly what they wanted in life.

- The examiner's final report does not give an accurate picture.

VB

7. give gives giving gave given
If someone or something gives you a particular physical or emotional feeling, it makes you experience it.

- He gave me a shock.

- It will give great pleasure to the many thousands of children who visit the hospital each year.

VB

8. give gives giving gave given
If you give a performance or speech, you perform or speak in public.

- Kotto gives a stupendous performance.

- I am sure you remember Mrs Butler who gave us such an interesting talk last year.

VB

9. give gives giving gave given
If you give something thought or attention, you think about it, concentrate on it, or deal with it.

- I've been giving it some thought.

- Priority will be given to those who apply early.

VB

10. give gives giving gave given
If you give a party or other social event, you organize it.

- That evening, I gave a dinner party for a few close friends.

VB
= have

give 2 transferring *****

1. give gives giving gave given
If you give someone something that you own or have bought, you provide them with it, so that they have it or can use it.

- They gave us T-shirts and stickers.

- He gave money to the World Health Organisation to help defeat smallpox.

- This recipe was given to me years ago by a farmer's wife.

- Americans are still giving to charity despite hard economic times.

VB

2. give gives giving gave given
If you give someone something that you are holding or that is near you, you pass it to them, so that they are then holding it.

- Give me that pencil.

- He pulled a handkerchief from his pocket and gave it to him.

VB

3. give gives giving gave given
To give someone or something a particular power or right means to allow them to have it.

- ...a citizen's charter giving rights to gays...

- The draft would give the president the power to appoint the central bank's chairman.

VB
= grant

give 3 other uses, phrases, and phrasal verbs *****

1. give gives giving gave given
If something gives , it collapses or breaks under pressure.

- My knees gave under me.

VB

2. give gave
You say that you are given to understand or believe that something is the case when you do not want to say how you found out about it, or who told you. (FORMAL)

- We were given to understand that he was ill.

- He has been given to believe that there may be a future for him and Maria together.

V-PASSIVE vagueness

3. give
If someone gives as good as they get , they fight or argue as well as the person they are fighting or arguing with. (mainly BRIT)

- For the first time in 12 years, the Democrats are giving as good as they get.

PHR: Vs inflect

4. give
You use give in phrases such as I'd give anything , I'd give my right arm , and what wouldn't I give to emphasize that you are very eager to do or have something.

- I'd give anything to be like you.

PHR: usu PHR to-inf emphasis

5. give
You use give me to say that you would rather have one thing than another, especially when you have just mentioned the thing that you do not want.

- I've never had anything barbecued and I don't want it. Give me a good roast dinner any day.

PHR: PHR n

6. give
If you say that something requires give and take , you mean that people must compromise or co-operate for it to be successful.

- ...a happy relationship where there's a lot of give and take.

PHR

7. give
Give or take is used to indicate that an amount is approximate. For example, if you say that something is fifty years old, give or take a few years, you mean that it is approximately fifty years old.

- They grow to a height of 12 ins -- give or take a couple of inches.

PHR: PHR amount

8. give
You say I'll give you that to indicate that you admit that someone has a particular characteristic or ability.

- You're a bright enough kid, I'll give you that.

PHR: cl PHR

given ***

1. Given is the past participle of give .

2. given
If you talk about, for example, any given position or a given time, you mean the particular position or time that you are discussing.

- In chess there are typically about 36 legal moves from any given board position.

- The bank discovered that in a given period, only a proportion of its borrowers would ask for their money in the form of cash.

ADJ: det ADJ
= particular

3. given
Given is used when indicating a possible situation in which someone has the opportunity or ability to do something. For example, given the chance means `if I had the chance'.

- Write down the sort of thing you would like to do, given the opportunity.

- Given patience, successful breeding of this species can be achieved.

PREP

4. given
If you say given that something is the case, you mean taking that fact into account.

- Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, given that I don't earn that much.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD
= considering

5. given
If you say given something, you mean taking that thing into account.

- Given the uncertainty over Leigh's future I was left with little other choice.

PREP

6. given
If you are given to doing something, you often do it. (FORMAL)

- I am not very given to emotional displays.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to -ing/n

give

verb

1.

present

award

contribute

deliver

donate

grant

hand over or out

provide

supply

2.

announce

communicate

issue

notify

pronounce

transmit

utter

3.

concede

grant

hand over

relinquish

surrender

yield

4.

produce

cause

engender

make

occasion

gavel

[D.J.:ˈgævəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡævəl]

n.

(拍卖商、会议主席或法官用的)小木槌

gavel

gavel gavels
A gavel is a small wooden hammer that the person in charge of a law court, an auction, or a meeting bangs on a table to get people's attention.

- `Let's take a ten-minute recess', the judge said, pounding his gavel.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft poss N

gawd

gawd
Gawd is used to represent the word `God' pronounced in a particular accent or tone of voice, especially to show that someone is bored, irritated, or shocked. (INFORMAL, WRITTEN)

- I thought, oh my gawd!

EXCLAM

gawk

[D.J.:ɡɔ:k]

[K.K.:ɡɔk]

n.

呆子

v.

呆呆地看着

gawk

gawk gawks gawking gawked
To gawk at someone or something means to stare at them in a rude, stupid, or unthinking way. (INFORMAL)

- The youth continued to gawk at her and did not answer.

- Tens of thousands came to gawk.

VB
= gape

gawky

[D.J.:ˈɡɔ:ki]

[K.K.:ˈɡɔki]

adj.

迟钝的,笨拙的

gawky

gawky
If you describe someone, especially a young person, as gawky , you mean they are awkward and clumsy.

- ...a gawky lad with spots.

ADJ-GRADED
= ungainly

gawky

adjective

awkward

clumsy

gauche

loutish

lumbering

maladroit

ungainly

gawp

[D.J.:ɡɔ:p]

[K.K.:ɡɔp]

vi.

直瞪瞪地注视

n.

呆人

gawp

gawp gawps gawping gawped
To gawp means the same as to gawk . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- At weekends the roads are jammed with holidaymakers coming to gawp at the parade.

- Thorpe could only stand and gawp.

VB

gay

[ɡei]

adj.

快乐的, 欢快的; 轻松的, 愉快的

轻率的, 不假思索的; 放荡的

同性恋的

gayer

adj.

快乐的,华美的

gayest

adj.

快乐的,华美的

gayness

[ˈɡeinis]

n.

欢乐；(尤指)同性恋

gay ****

1. gay
A gay person is homosexual.

- The quality of life for gay men has improved over the last two decades.

- ...the gay community.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ straight

2. gay gays
Gays are homosexual people, especially homosexual men.

- More importantly, gays have proved themselves to be style leaders.

N-PLURAL

3. gayness

- ...Mike's admission of his gayness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. gay gayer gayest
A gay person is fun to be with because they are lively and cheerful. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- I am happy and free, in good health, gay and cheerful.

ADJ-GRADED

5. gay gayer gayest
A gay object is brightly coloured and pretty to look at. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- I like gay, relaxing paintings.

ADJ-GRADED
= cheerful

gay

adjective

1.

homosexual

lesbian

queer informal derogatory

2.

carefree

blithe

cheerful

jovial

light-hearted

lively

merry

sparkling

3.

colourful

bright

brilliant

flamboyant

flashy

rich

showy

vivid

noun

4.

homosexual

lesbian

gaze

[D.J.:ɡeiz]

[K.K.:ɡez]

vi.

凝视, 注视

n.

凝视, 端详

gaze **

1. gaze gazes gazing gazed
If you gaze at someone or something, you look steadily at them for a long time, for example because you find them attractive or interesting, or because you are thinking about something else.

- ...gazing at herself in the mirror...

- Sitting in his wicker chair, he gazed reflectively at the fire.

- The girls stood still, gazing around the building, trying to picture life there fifty years before.

VB
= stare

2. gaze gazes
You can talk about someone's gaze as a way of describing how they are looking at something, especially when they are looking steadily at it. (WRITTEN)

- The Monsignor turned his gaze from the flames to meet the Colonel's.

- She felt increasingly uncomfortable under the woman's steady gaze.

- The interior was shielded from the curious gaze of passersby.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with poss

3. gaze
If someone or something is in the public gaze , they are receiving a lot of attention from the general public.

- You won't find a couple more in the public gaze than Michael and Lizzie.

PHR: oft v-link PHR

gaze

verb

1.

stare

gape

look

regard

view

watch

wonder

noun

2.

stare

fixed look

look

gazebo

[D.J.:ɡəˈzi:bəu]

[K.K.:ɡəˈzebo, -ˈzi-]

n.

眺望台,露台

gazebo

gazebo gazebos
A gazebo is a small building with open sides. Gazebos are often put up in gardens so that people can sit in them to enjoy the view.
N-COUNT

gazelle

[D.J.:gəˈzel]

[K.K.:ɡəˈzɛl]

n.

瞪羚

gazelle

gazelle gazelles
A gazelle is a type of small African or Asian deer. Gazelles move very quickly and gracefully.
N-COUNT

gazette

[D.J.:ɡəˈzet]

[K.K.:ɡəˈzɛt]

n.

公报

(用作报纸名称)

vt.

刊载; 宣布

任命

gazette *

1. gazette
Gazette is often used in the names of newspapers.

- ...the Arkansas Gazette.

N-IN-NAMES: n N

2. gazette gazettes
In Britain, a gazette is an official publication in which information such as honours, public appointments, and important decisions are announced.
N-COUNT: oft adj N

gazette

noun

newspaper

journal

news-sheet

paper

periodical

gazetteer

[D.J.:ˌgæzɪˈtɪə]

[K.K.:ˌɡæzɪˈtɪr]

n.

地名索引,地名词典

gazetteer

gazetteer gazetteers
A gazetteer is a book or a part of a book which lists and describes places.
N-COUNT

gazump

[ɡəˈzʌmp]

v.

房价谈妥后又抬价改售给

gazumping

[ɡəˈzʌmpiŋ]

n.

〈英〉〈口〉〈贬〉抬价敲诈

gazump

gazump gazumps gazumping gazumped
If you are gazumped by someone, they agree to sell their house to you, but then sell it to someone else who offers to pay a higher price. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- In France you cannot be gazumped.

- During the 1980s property boom, gazumping was common.

VB: usu passive

GB

abbr.

Great Britain 大不列颠

GB

abbr.

Great Britain 大不列颠

GB13

本神

GB **

GB
GB is an abbreviation for Great Britain .
N-PROPER

GBH

abbr.

Grievous Bodily Harm 重伤

GBH

abbr.

Grievous Bodily Harm 重伤

GBH

GBH
GBH is an abbreviation for grievous bodily harm . (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

GCSE *

GCSE GCSEs
GCSEs are British educational qualifications which schoolchildren take when they are fifteen or sixteen years old. GCSE is an abbreviation for `General Certificate of Secondary Education'.

- She quit school as soon as she had taken her GCSEs.

- ...GCSE candidates.

N-VAR

gdn

gdn
gdn is a written abbreviation for garden , for example in addresses, or in advertisements for houses that are for sale.

- The Piazza, Covent Gdn, WC2.

- ...flat, private gdn, close to station.

GDP

abbr.

gross domestic product 国内生产总值

GDP

abbr.

gross domestic product 国内生产总值

GDP **

GDP
GDP is the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year. GDP is an abbreviation for `gross domestic product'.
N-VAR

gear

[D.J.:ɡiə]

[K.K.:ɡɪr]

n.

用具, 设备, 衣服

齿轮; 传动装置; (排)挡

vi.

换挡

vt.

使兴奋起来; 使准备好

vt. & vi.

(使)搭配; (使)适合

geared

[ɡiəd]

adj.

连接的

gear ***

1. gear gears
The gears on a machine or vehicle are a device for changing the rate at which energy is changed into motion.

- On hills, he must use low gears.

- The car was in fourth gear.

- He put the truck in gear and drove on.

N-COUNT

2. gear
The gear involved in a particular activity is the equipment or special clothing that you use.

- About 100 officers in riot gear were needed to break up the fight.

- ...fishing gear...

- They helped us put our gear back into the van.

N-UNCOUNT

3. gear
Gear means clothing. (INFORMAL)

- I used to wear trendy gear but it just looked ridiculous.

N-UNCOUNT
= clothes

4. gear
Some people refer to illegal drugs, especially heroin, as gear . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Are these people using gear and amphetamines at the same time?

N-UNCOUNT

5. gear geared
If someone or something is geared to or towards a particular purpose, they are organized or designed in order to achieve that purpose.

- Colleges are not always geared to the needs of mature students.

- My training was geared towards winning gold in Munich.

V-PASSIVE

gear

noun

1.

cog

cogwheel

gearwheel

2.

mechanism

cogs

machinery

works

3.

equipment

accoutrements

apparatus

instruments

paraphernalia

supplies

tackle

tools

4.

clothing

clothes

costume

dress

garments

outfit

togs

wear

verb

5.

equip

adapt

adjust

fit

gear up ***

gear up gears up; gearing up; geared up
If someone is gearing up for a particular activity, they are preparing to do it. If they are geared up to do a particular activity, they are prepared to do it.

- ...another indication that the Government is gearing up for an election...

- The factory was geared up to make 1,100 cars a day.

PHR-V: usu passive

gearbox

[D.J.:ˈɡiəbɔks]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪrˌbɑks]

n.

变速箱, 变速器

gearbox *

gearbox gearboxes
A gearbox is the system of gears in an engine or vehicle.
N-COUNT
= transmission

gear lever

gear lever gear levers
A gear lever or a gear stick is the lever that you use to change gear in a car or other vehicle. (BRIT; in AM usually use gearshift )
N-COUNT

gearshift

[D.J.:ˈgɪəˌʃɪft]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪrˌʃɪft]

n.

变速排档

gearshift

gearshift gearshifts
In a vehicle, the gearshift is the same as the gear lever . (mainly AM)
N-COUNT also gear shift .

gee

[D.J.:dʒi:]

[K.K.:dʒi]

int.

(吆喝马等起行、前行或快行的用语)

(用以表示惊奇、赞赏等)

vt.

催促…更快地或更有效地工作

gee up

(用以吆喝马起行或快走)叽驾，快跑

激励，鼓励(某人更努力、更好地工作等)

gee *

gee
People sometimes say gee to emphasize a reaction or remark. (AM, INFORMAL)

- Gee, it's hot.

- Gee thanks, Stan.

EXCLAM emphasis

geek

[D.J.:ɡi:k]

[K.K.:ɡik]

n.

做低级滑稽表演的人

geek

1. geek geeks
If you call someone, usually a man or boy, a geek , you are saying in an unkind way that they are stupid, awkward, or weak. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval
= drip

2. geek geeks
You can refer to someone who is skilled with computers, and who seems more interested in them than in people, as a geek . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

geeky

adj.

〈俚〉令人讨厌的

geeky

geeky
If you describe someone as geeky , you think they look or behave like a geek.

- ...that geeky guy from the video-store counter.

ADJ-GRADED

geese

[D.J.:gi:s]

[K.K.:ɡis]

goose的复数形式

goose

[D.J.:ɡu:s]

[K.K.:ɡus]

n.

鹅

鹅肉

傻瓜, 笨蛋

geese

Geese is the plural of goose .

goose **

1. goose geese
A goose is a large bird that has a long neck and webbed feet. Geese are often farmed for their meat.
N-COUNT

2. goose
Goose is the meat from a goose that has been cooked.

- ...roast goose.

N-UNCOUNT

3. goose
If you cook someone's goose , you prevent their plans from succeeding.

- He said that what they were up to would cook Krasky's goose.

PHR: V inflects

4. goose
If someone kills the goose that lays the golden egg , they harm or destroy the person or thing that gives them their money, power, or advantage.

- Unregulated tourism can kill the goose that laid their golden egg.

PHR: Vs inflect

5. goose
If you say what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander , you mean what is acceptable for one person in a particular situation should be acceptable for another person in a similar situation.
PHR

gee whiz

1. gee whiz
People sometimes say gee whiz in order to express a strong reaction to something or to introduce a remark or response. (AM, INFORMAL)

- Gee whiz, they carried on and on, they loved the evening.

EXCLAM also gee whizz . feelings

2. gee whiz
You use gee whiz to describe something that is new, exciting, and impressive, but that is perhaps more complicated or showy than it needs to be. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- The trend now is towards `lifestyle' electronics -- black, shiny gee-whiz things that people like to own.

ADJ: ADJ n also gee whizz .

geezer

[D.J.:ˈɡi:zə]

[K.K.:ˈɡizɚ]

n.

人, 老头儿

geezer *

geezer geezers
Some people use geezer to refer to a man. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...an old bald geezer in a posh raincoat.

N-COUNT
= bloke

Geiger counter

Geiger counter Geiger counters
A Geiger counter is a device which finds and measures radioactivity.
N-COUNT

geisha

[D.J.:ˈɡeiʃə]

[K.K.:ˈɡeʃə, ˈɡi-]

n.

〈日〉艺妓,歌妓

geisha

geisha geishas
A geisha is a Japanese woman who is specially trained in music, dancing, and the art of conversation. Her job is to entertain men.
N-COUNT

gel

[D.J.:dʒel]

[K.K.:dʒɛl]

n.

凝胶, 冻胶

vi.

形成胶体;胶凝, 胶化

成形

gelling

[ˈdʒeliŋ]

n.

胶凝(作用);凝胶化(作用)

gels

凝胶剂

gel **

1. gel gels gelling gelled
If people gel with each other, or if two groups of people gel , they work well together because their skills and personalities fit together well.

- They have gelled very well with the rest of the side.

- Palace have lost only once in their last six matches and there were signs on Saturday that the team is starting to gel at last.

- Their partnership gelled and scriptwriting for television followed.

V-RECIP The spelling jell is usually used in American English and sometimes used in British English

2. gel gels gelling gelled
If a vague shape, thought, or creation gels , it becomes clearer or more definite.

- Even if her interpretation has not yet gelled into a satisfying whole, she displays real musicianship.

- It was not until 1974 that his ability to write gelled again.

VB The spelling jell is usually used in American English and sometimes used in British English

3. gel gels
Gel is a thick jelly-like substance, especially one used to keep your hair in a particular style.
N-MASS

gelatine

[ˈdʒelətin,ˈdʒeləˈti:n]

n.

胶质,白明胶

gelatine

gelatine gelatines
Gelatine is a clear tasteless powder that is used to make liquids become firm, for example when you are making desserts such as jelly.
N-MASS also gelatin .

gelatinous

[D.J.:dʒəˈlætnəs]

[K.K.:dʒəˈlætnəs]

adj.

胶状的

gelatinous

gelatinous
Gelatinous substances or mixtures are wet and sticky.

- Pour a cup of the gelatinous mixture into the blender.

ADJ

gelatinous

adjective

jelly-like

glutinous

gummy

sticky

viscous

gelding

[D.J.:ˈɡeldiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡɛldɪŋ]

n.

阉割过的动物

gelding *

gelding geldings
A gelding is a male horse that has been castrated.
N-COUNT

gelignite

[D.J.:ˈdʒeləɡˌnait]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛlɪɡˌnaɪt]

n.

一种含硝化甘油的炸药

gelignite

gelignite
Gelignite is a type of explosive.
N-UNCOUNT

gem

[D.J.:dʒem]

[K.K.:dʒɛm]

n.

宝石

宝物, 精华, 珍品, 美丽绝伦的事物

gem *

1. gem gems
A gem is a jewel or stone that is used in jewellery.

- The mask is formed of a gold-platinum alloy inset with emeralds and other gems.

N-COUNT

2. gem gems
If you describe something or someone as a gem , you mean that they are especially pleasing, good, or helpful.

- ...a gem of a hotel, Castel Clara...

- Miss Famous, as she was called, was a gem.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

gem

noun

1.

precious stone

jewel

stone

2.

prize

jewel

masterpiece

pearl

treasure

Gemini

[ˈdʒeminai]

n.

双子宫,双子(星)座

Gemini **

1. Gemini
Gemini is one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. Its symbol is a pair of twins. People who are born approximately between 21st May and 20th June come under this sign.
N-UNCOUNT

2. Gemini Geminis
A Gemini is a person whose sign of the zodiac is Gemini.
N-COUNT

gemstone

[D.J.:ˈdʒemˌstəun]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛmˌston]

n.

经雕琢的宝石

gemstone

gemstone gemstones
A gemstone is a jewel or stone used in jewellery.
N-COUNT
= gem

Gen.

abbr.

General 将军

Gen.

abbr.

General 将军

Gen.

Gen.
Gen. is a written abbreviation for General .

- Gen. de Gaulle sensed that nuclear weapons would fundamentally change the nature of international relations.

gendarme

[D.J.:ˈʒɑ:ndɑ:m]

[K.K.:ˈʒɑnˌdɑrm]

n.

宪兵,警官

gendarme

gendarme gendarmes
A gendarme is a member of the French police force.
N-COUNT

gender

[D.J.:ˈdʒendə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛndɚ]

n.

<语>性

gender **

1. gender genders
A person's gender is the fact that they are male or female.

- Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.

- ...groups that are traditionally discriminated against on grounds of gender, colour, race, or age.

N-VAR
= sex

2. gender genders
You can refer to all male people or all female people as a particular gender .

- While her observations may be true about some men, they could hardly apply to the entire gender.

- ...the different abilities and skills of the two genders.

N-COUNT
= sex

3. gender genders
In grammar, the gender of a noun, pronoun, or adjective is whether it is masculine, feminine, or neuter. A word's gender can affect its form and behaviour. In English, only personal pronouns such as `she', reflexive pronouns such as `itself', and possessive determiners such as `his' have gender.

- In both Welsh and Irish the word for `moon' is of feminine gender.

N-VAR

gender-bender

[D.J.:ˈdʒendəˈbendə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛndɚˈbɛndɚ]

n.

〈俚〉(歌手或艺人)男扮女装者或女扮男装者

gender-bender

1. gender-bender gender-benders
People sometimes use gender-bender to refer to a man who dresses or behaves like a woman, or a woman who dresses or behaves like a man. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

2. gender-bending

- ...a gender-bending production of the ballet Swan Lake with lines of male swans.

ADJ: ADJ n

gene

[D.J.:dʒi:n]

[K.K.:dʒin]

n.

〈生〉基因

gene ***

gene genes
A gene is the part of a cell in a living thing which controls its physical characteristics, growth, and development.
N-COUNT

genealogical

[ˌdʒi:njəˈlɔdʒikəl]

adj.

宗谱的,系谱的,家系的

genealogy

[D.J.:ˌdʒi:niˈælədʒi]

[K.K.:ˌdʒiniˈɑlədʒi, -ˈæl-, ˌdʒɛni-]

n.

系谱,家系,宗谱

genealogy

1. genealogy
Genealogy is the study of the history of families, especially through studying historical documents to discover the relationships between particular people and their families.
N-UNCOUNT

2. genealogical

- He had engaged in genealogical research on his family shortly before the War.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. genealogy genealogies
A genealogy is the history of a family over several generations, for example describing who each person married and who their children were.

- He had sat and repeated his family's genealogy to her, twenty minutes of nonstop names.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= family history

genera

[ˈdʒenərə]

n.

类,属

genus

[D.J.:ˈdʒi:nəs]

[K.K.:ˈdʒinəs]

n.

(动植物的)属

类;种;型

genera

genera
Genera is the plural of genus .

genus

genus genera
A genus is a class of similar things, especially a group of animals or plants that includes several closely related species. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

general

[D.J.:ˈdʒenərəl]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛnərəl]

adj.

普遍的, 全面的; 总体的, 整体的

非专门的, 一般的

正常的, 常规的; 通常的

大致的, 笼统的

总的, 首席的

n.

将军

general *****

1. general
A general is a high-ranking officer in the armed forces, usually in the army.

- The General's visit to Sarajevo is part of preparations for the deployment of extra troops.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC

2. general
If you describe something in general terms , you describe it without giving details.

- The figures represent a general decline in employment.

- ...the general deterioration of English society.

- She recounted in very general terms some of the events of recent months.

PHR

3. general
You use general to describe several items or activities when there are too many of them or when they are not important enough to mention separately.

- £2,500 for software is soon swallowed up in general costs.

- His firm took over the planting and general maintenance of the park last March.

ADJ: ADJ n
= overall

4. general
You use general to describe something that involves or affects most people, or most people in a particular group.

- The project should raise general awareness about bullying.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
≠ specific

5. general
If you describe something as general , you mean that it is not restricted to any one thing or area.

- ...a general ache radiating from the back of the neck.

- ...a general sense of well-being.

- ...raising the level of general physical fitness.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. general
A general business offers a variety of services or goods rather than just one particular kind.

- They ran the general store and the farm dairy.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. general
General is used to describe a person's job, usually as part of their title, to indicate that they have complete responsibility for the administration of an organization or business.

- He joined Sanders Roe, moving on later to become General Manager.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. general
General workers do a variety of jobs which require no special skill or training.

- The farm employed a tractor driver and two general labourers.

ADJ: ADJ n
= unskilled

9. general
General is used to describe a person who has an average amount of knowledge or interest in a particular subject.

- This book is intended for the general reader rather than the student.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= lay

10. general
You use in general to indicate that you are talking about something as a whole, rather than about part of it.

- I think we need to improve our educational system in general.

- She had a confused idea of life in general.

PHR: n PHR
= generally

11. general
You say in general to indicate that you are referring to most people or things in a particular group.

- People in general will support us.

- She enjoys a sterling reputation in law enforcement circles and among the community in general.

PHR: n PHR

12. general
You say in general to indicate that a statement is true in most cases.

- In general, it was the better-educated voters who voted Yes in the referendum.

PHR: PHR with cl
= on the whole

general

adjective

1.

common

accepted

broad

extensive

popular

prevalent

public

universal

widespread

2.

imprecise

approximate

ill-defined

indefinite

inexact

loose

unspecific

vague

3.

universal

across-the-board

blanket

collective

comprehensive

indiscriminate

miscellaneous

sweeping

total

general election ***

1. general election general elections
In Britain, a general election is an election where everyone votes for people to represent them in Parliament.
N-COUNT

2. general election general elections
In the United States, a general election is a local, state, or national election where the candidates have been selected by a primary election: see primary 4.
N-COUNT

generality

[D.J.:ˌdʒenəˈrælɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌdʒɛnəˈrælɪti]

n.

概括性的话

一般性,通(用)性;概括性,笼统性

大多数,主要部分

generality

1. generality generalities
A generality is a general statement that covers a range of things, rather than being concerned with specific instances. (FORMAL)

- I'll start with some generalities and then examine a few specific examples.

- He avoided this tricky question and talked in generalities.

N-COUNT

2. generality
The generality of a statement or description is the fact that it is a general one, rather than a specific, detailed one.

- That there are problems with this kind of definition is hardly surprising, given its level of generality.

N-UNCOUNT

3. generality
If someone refers to the generality of a group of people, they mean the majority of that group. (FORMAL)

- When the generality of the electorate is doing badly, the mood will grow pessimistic.

QUANT: QUANT of n
= majority

generalization

[D.J.:ˌdʒenərəlɪˈzeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdʒɛnərəlɪˈzeʃən]

n.

一般化, 普通化, 归纳, 概论

generalization *

generalization generalizations
A generalization is a statement that seems to be true in most situations or for most people, but that may not be completely true in all cases.

- He is making sweeping generalisations to get his point across.

- The evaluation of conduct involves some amount of generalization.

N-VAR (BRIT) also generalisation

generalize

[D.J.:ˈdʒenərəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛnərəˌlaɪz]

vt. & vi.

概括, 归纳, 推论

vt.

推广, 普及

generalized

[D.J.:ˈdʒenərəlaizd]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛnərəˌlaɪzd]

adj.

广泛的, 普遍的, 全面的

非具体的; 整体的

generalize *

1. generalize generalizes generalizing generalized
If you generalize , you say something that seems to be true in most situations or for most people, but that may not be completely true in all cases.

- Critics love to generalise, to formulate trends into which all new work must be fitted, however contradictory.

- It's hard to generalize about Cole Porter because he wrote so many great songs that were so varied.

VB (BRIT) also generalise

2. generalize generalizes generalizing generalized
If you generalize something such as an idea, you apply it more widely than its original context, as if it was true in many other situations.

- A child first labels the household pet cat as a `cat' and then generalises this label to other animals that look like it.

VB (BRIT) also generalise

generalized *

1. generalized
Generalized means involving many different things, rather than one or two specific things.

- ...a generalised discussion about admirable singers.

- ...generalised feelings of inadequacy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also generalised
= general ≠ specific

2. generalized
You use generalized to describe medical conditions or problems which affect the whole of someone's body, or the whole of a part of their body. (MEDICAL)

- She experienced an increase in generalized aches and pains.

- ...generalised muscle disorders.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also generalised
≠ local

general knowledge

general knowledge
General knowledge is knowledge about many different things, as opposed to detailed knowledge about one particular subject.
N-UNCOUNT

generally

[D.J.:ˈdʒenərəli]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛnərəli]

adv.

一般地, 通常, 大体上, 广泛地, 普遍地

generally ****

1. generally
You use generally to give a summary of a situation, activity, or idea without referring to the particular details of it.

- University teachers generally have admitted a lack of enthusiasm about their subjects.

- Speaking generally, the space enterprise has served astronomy well.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group, ADV with v

2. generally
You use generally to say that something happens or is used on most occasions but not on every occasion.

- As women we generally say and feel too much about these things.

- In the diet, it is generally true that the darker the fruit the higher its iron content.

- The warmer a place is, generally speaking, the more types of plants and animals it will usually support.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV with v
= usually

generally

adverb

1.

usually

as a rule

by and large

customarily

normally

on the whole

ordinarily

typically

2.

commonly

extensively

popularly

publicly

universally

widely

general practice

1. general practice
When a doctor is in general practice , he or she treats sick people at a surgery or office, or visits them at home, and does not specialize in a particular type of medicine.

- In recent years, doctors have been trained specifically for general practice.

N-UNCOUNT

2. general practice
Also a noun.

- The sample was selected from the medical records of two general practices.

N-COUNT

3. general practice
When lawyers deal with all kinds of legal matters, rather than specializing in one kind of law, you can say they have a general practice or are in general practice . (mainly AM)
N-UNCOUNT

general practitioner

general practitioner general practitioners
A general practitioner is the same as a GP . (BRIT, FORMAL)
N-COUNT

general public *

general public
You can refer to the people in a society as the general public , especially when you are contrasting people in general with a small group.

- These charities depend on the compassionate feelings and generosity of the general public.

- Unemployment is 10 percent among the general public and about 40 percent among North African immigrants.

N-SING-COLL: the N

general strike *

general strike general strikes
A general strike is a situation where most or all of the workers in a country are on strike and are refusing to work.
N-COUNT

generate

[D.J.:ˈdʒenəreit]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛnəˌret]

vt.

生成, 产生

引起, 导致

generated

发电的

generating

[ˈdʒenəˌreitiŋ]

n.

发生,产生

generate ***

1. generate generates generating generated
To generate something means to cause it to begin and develop.

- The Employment Minister said the reforms would generate new jobs.

- ...the excitement generated by the changes in Eastern Europe.

VB
= create

2. generate generates generating generated
To generate a form of energy or power means to produce it.

- The company, New England Electric, burns coal to generate power.

VB

generate

verb

produce

breed

cause

create

engender

give rise to

make

propagate

generation

[D.J.:ˌdʒenəˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdʒɛnəˈreʃən]

n.

同时代的人, 一代人, 一代

产生, 发生

generation ****

1. generation generations
A generation is all the people in a group or country who are of a similar age, especially when they are considered as having the same experiences or attitudes.

- ...the younger generation of Party members...

- David Mamet has long been considered the leading American playwright of his generation.

N-COUNT: with supp

2. generation generations
A generation is the period of time, usually considered to be about thirty years, that it takes for children to grow up and become adults and have children of their own.

- Within a generation flight has become the method used by many travellers.

N-COUNT

3. generation generations
You can use generation to refer to a stage of development in the design and manufacture of machines or equipment.

- ...a new generation of IBM/Apple computers.

N-COUNT: N of n

4. generation
Generation is used to indicate how long members of your family have had a particular nationality. For example, second generation means that you were born in the country you live in, but your parents were not.

- ...second generation Asians in Britain...

- She is a first generation American.

ADJ: ord ADJ n

5. generation
Generation is also the production of a form of energy or power from fuel or another source of power such as water.

- Japan has announced plans for a sharp rise in its nuclear power generation.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

generation

noun

1.

production

creation

formation

genesis

propagation

reproduction

2.

age group

breed

crop

3.

age

epoch

era

period

time

generational

adj.

生育的,世代的

generational

generational
Generational means relating to a particular generation, or to the relationship between particular generations.

- People's lifestyles are usually fixed by generational habits and fashions.

- ...a generational conflict within the Asian community.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

generation gap

generation gap generation gaps
If you refer to the generation gap , you are referring to a difference in attitude and behaviour between older people and younger people, which may cause them to argue or may prevent them from understanding each other fully.
N-COUNT
= divide

generative

[D.J.:ˈdʒenərətiv]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛnərətɪv, -əˌre-]

adj.

能生产的, 有生产力的

生殖的

generative

1. generative
If something is generative , it is capable of producing something or causing it to develop. (FORMAL)

- ...the generative power of the sun.

ADJ
= reproductive

2. generative
In linguistics, generative is used to describe linguistic theories or models which are based on the idea that a single set of rules can explain how all the possible sentences of a language are formed. (TECHNICAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

generator

[D.J.:ˈdʒenəreitə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛnəˌretɚ]

n.

发电机, 发生器

generators

生成元

generator **

1. generator generators
A generator is a machine which produces electricity.
N-COUNT

2. generator generators
A generator of something is a person, organization, product, or situation which produces it or causes it to happen.

- The US economy is still an impressive generator of new jobs.

- The company has been a very good cash generator.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

generic

[D.J.:dʒəˈnerɪk]

[K.K.:dʒəˈnɛrɪk]

adj.

属的;类的;一般的

generically

adv.

一般地

generic *

1. generic
You use generic to describe something that refers or relates to a whole class of similar things.

- Parmesan is a generic term used to describe a family of hard Italian cheeses.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ specific

2. generically

- ...a drift away from news towards what are known generically as `features' -- the pages devoted to commentaries, opinions and the arts.

- ...something generically called `rock `n' roll'.

ADV: usu ADV after v, ADV -ed/adj, also ADV with cl

3. generic
A generic drug or other product is one that does not have a trademark and that is known by a general name, rather than the manufacturer's name.

- They encourage doctors to prescribe cheaper generic drugs instead of more expensive brand names.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= unbranded ≠ branded

4. generic generics
Also a noun.

- The program saved $11 million in 1988 by substituting generics for brand-name drugs.

N-COUNT

5. generic
People sometimes use generic to refer to something that is exactly typical of the kind of thing mentioned, and that has no special or unusual characteristics.

- ...generic California apartments, the kind that have white walls and white drapes and were built five years ago.

ADJ: ADJ n
= archetypal

generic

adjective

collective

blanket

common

comprehensive

general

inclusive

universal

wide

generosity

[D.J.:ˌdʒenəˈrɔsɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌdʒɛnəˈrɑsɪti]

n.

慷慨, 大方, 宽容

慷慨或宽容的行为

generosity *

generosity
If you refer to someone's generosity , you mean that they are generous, especially in doing or giving more than is usual or expected.

- There are stories about his generosity, the massive amounts of money he gave to charities.

- ...a man of unwavering integrity and great generosity of spirit.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ meanness

generosity

noun

1.

charity

beneficence

bounty

kindness

largesse or largess

liberality

munificence

open-handedness

2.

unselfishness

goodness

high-mindedness

magnanimity

nobleness

generous

[D.J.:ˈdʒenərəs]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛnərəs]

adj.

慷慨的, 大方的

善良的, 宽宏大量的

大量的, 丰富的

generously

[D.J.:ˈd ʒ ʌnərəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈd ʒ ɛnərəslɪ]

adv.

慷慨地,不吝啬地

丰富地,丰盛地

generous ***

1. generous
A generous person gives more of something, especially money, than is usual or expected.

- German banks are more generous in their lending.

- The gift is generous by any standards.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ mean

2. generously

- We would like to thank all the judges who gave so generously of their time.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. generous
A generous person is friendly, helpful, and willing to see the good qualities in someone or something.

- He was always generous in sharing his enormous knowledge.

- It would have been agreeable if Mr Ross could have been generous enough to congratulate his successor on his decision.

ADJ-GRADED

4. generously

- The students generously gave them instruction in social responsibility.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. generous
A generous amount of something is much larger than is usual or necessary.

- ...a generous six weeks of annual holiday...

- He should be able to keep his room tidy with the generous amount of storage space.

ADJ-GRADED
= lavish

6. generously

- Season the steaks generously with salt and pepper.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed, ADV after v

generous

adjective

1.

charitable

beneficent

bountiful

hospitable

kind

lavish

liberal

open-handed

unstinting

2.

unselfish

big-hearted

good

high-minded

lofty

magnanimous

noble

3.

plentiful

abundant

ample

copious

full

lavish

liberal

rich

unstinting

genesis

[D.J.:ˈdʒenɪsɪs]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs]

n.

<正>创始;起源;发生

genesis

genesis
The genesis of something is its beginning, birth, or creation. (FORMAL)

- The project had its genesis two years earlier.

- His speech was an exposition of the genesis of the conflict.

N-SING: usu with poss
= origin

genesis

noun

beginning

birth

creation

formation

inception

origin

start

gene therapy *

gene therapy
Gene therapy is the use of genetic material to treat disease.
N-UNCOUNT

genetically modified

genetically modified
Genetically modified plants and animals have had one or more genes changed, for example so that they resist pests and diseases better. Genetically modified food contains ingredients made from genetically modified plants or animals. The abbreviation GM is often used.

- Top supermarkets are to ban many genetically modified foods.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

genetic engineering *

genetic engineering
Genetic engineering is the science or activity of changing the genetic structure of an animal, plant, or other organism in order to make it stronger or more suitable for a particular purpose.

- Scientists have used genetic engineering to protect tomatoes against the effects of freezing.

N-UNCOUNT

genetic fingerprinting

genetic fingerprinting
Genetic fingerprinting is a method of identifying people using the genetic material in their bodies.
N-SING

geneticist

[D.J.:dʒiˈnetisist]

[K.K.:dʒəˈnɛtɪsɪst]

n.

遗传学者

geneticist

geneticist geneticists
A geneticist is a person who studies or specializes in genetics.
N-COUNT

genetics

[D.J.:dʒiˈnetiks]

[K.K.:dʒəˈnɛtɪks]

n.

遗传学

genetics **

1. genetics
Genetics is the study of heredity and how qualities and characteristics are passed on from one generation to another by means of genes.
N-UNCOUNT The form genetic is used as a modifier

2. genetics
You use genetic to describe something that is concerned with genetics or with genes.

- Cystic fibrosis is the most common fatal genetic disease in the United States.

ADJ The form genetic is used as a modifier

3. genetically

- Some people are genetically predisposed to diabetes.

- ...fetuses that are genetically abnormal.

ADV: usu ADV adj

genial

[D.J.:ˈdʒi:njəl]

[K.K.:ˈdʒinjəl]

adj.

和蔼的, 亲切的, 友好的

温和的, 温暖的, 利于生长的

geniality

[D.J.:ˌd ʒi:nɪˈælɪtɪ]

[K.K.:ˌd ʒinəˈælətɪ]

n.

和蔼,亲切,友好

genially

[D.J.:ˈd ʒi:njəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈd ʒinjəlɪ]

adv.

亲切地;和蔼地

快活地

genial *

1. genial
Someone who is genial is kind and friendly.

- Bob was always genial and welcoming.

- He was a warm-hearted friend and genial host.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= amiable

2. genially

- `If you don't mind,' Mrs. Dambar said genially.

ADV-GRADED

3. geniality

- He soon recovered his habitual geniality.

N-UNCOUNT

genial

adjective

cheerful

affable

agreeable

amiable

congenial

friendly

good-natured

jovial

pleasant

warm

geniality

noun

cheerfulness

affability

agreeableness

amiability

conviviality

cordiality

friendliness

good cheer

joviality

warmth

genie

[D.J.:ˈdʒi:ni:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒini]

n.

(阿拉伯神话故事中的)神怪, 妖怪

the genie is out of the bottle

(形容将对人们的生活造成永久性的、尤指负面影响的事件已经发生)妖怪已经放出魔瓶了

genie

1. genie genies
In stories from Arabia and Persia, a genie is a spirit which appears and disappears by magic and obeys the person who controls it.
N-COUNT

2. genie
If you say that the genie is out of the bottle or that someone has let the genie out of the bottle , you mean that something has happened which has made a great and permanent change in people's lives, especially a bad change.

- As for unconventional weapons, the genie is unfortunately already out of the bottle.

PHR: V inflects

genital

[D.J.:ˈdʒenitl]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛnɪtl]

adj.

〈医〉〈正〉生殖的, 生殖器的

genitals

[D.J.:ˈdʒenit(ə)lz]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛnɪtlz]

n.

生殖器(尤指男性外生殖器)

genital *

1. genital genitals
Someone's genitals are their external sexual organs.
N-PLURAL

2. genital
Genital means relating to a person's external sexual organs.

- Wear loose clothing in the genital area.

ADJ: ADJ n

genitalia

[D.J.:dʒeniˈteiliə]

[K.K.:ˌdʒɛnɪˈteliə, -ˈteljə]

n.

生殖器(尤指外阴部)

genitalia

genitalia
A person's or animal's genitalia are their external sexual organs. (FORMAL)
N-PLURAL

genitive

[D.J.:ˈdʒenitiv]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛnɪtɪv]

n.

〈语〉所有格

adj.

〈语〉所有格的

genitive

genitive
In the grammar of some languages, the genitive , or the genitive case , is a noun case which is used mainly to show possession. In English grammar, a noun or name with 's added to it, for example `dog's' or `Anne's', is sometimes called the genitive form .
N-SING: the N

genius

[D.J.:ˈdʒi:njəs]

[K.K.:ˈdʒinjəs]

n.

天才, 天赋

天才人物

genius **

1. genius
Genius is very great ability or skill in a particular subject or activity.

- This is the mark of her real genius as a designer.

- The man had genius and had made his mark in the aviation world.

- Its very title is a stroke of genius.

N-UNCOUNT

2. genius geniuses
A genius is a highly talented, creative, or intelligent person.

- Chaplin was not just a genius, he was among the most influential figures in film history.

N-COUNT

genius

noun

1.

master

brainbox

expert

hotshot informal

maestro

mastermind

virtuoso

whiz informal

2.

brilliance

ability

aptitude

bent

capacity

flair

gift

knack

talent

genocidal

[ˌdʒenəuˈsaidəl]

adj.

种族灭绝的,集团屠杀的

genocidal

genocidal
Genocidal means relating to genocide or carrying out genocide.

- They have been accused of genocidal crimes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

genocide

[D.J.:ˈdʒenəˌsaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛnəˌsaɪd]

n.

种族灭绝

genocide *

genocide
Genocide is the deliberate murder of a whole community or race.

- They have alleged that acts of genocide and torture were carried out.

N-UNCOUNT

genome

[D.J.:ˈdʒi:nəum]

[K.K.:ˈdʒiˌnom]

n.

基因组,染色体组

genome *

genome genomes
In biology and genetics, a genome is the particular number and combination of certain chromosomes necessary to form the single nucleus of a living cell. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

genre

[D.J.:ʒɑ:r]

[K.K.:ˈʒɑnrə]

n.

〈法〉(文学、艺术等的)类型, 体裁, 风格

genre **

genre genres
A genre is a particular type of literature, painting, music, film, or other art form which people consider as a class because it has special characteristics. (FORMAL)

- ...his love of films and novels in the horror genre.

N-COUNT

genre

noun

type

category

class

group

kind

sort

species

style

gent

[D.J.:dʒent]

[K.K.:dʒɛnt]

n.

先生, 绅士

男子

男厕所

gents

[dʒents]

n.

〈主英〉男厕所

gent *

1. gent gents
Gent is an informal and old-fashioned word for gentleman .

- Mr Blake was a gent. He knew how to behave.

N-COUNT

2. gent
People sometimes refer to a public toilet for men as the gents . (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-SING-COLL: usu the N

3. gent gents
Gents is used when addressing men in an informal, humorous way, especially in the expression `ladies and gents'. (INFORMAL, HUMOROUS)

- Don't be left standing, ladies and gents, while a bargain slips past your eyes.

N-VOC

genteel

[D.J.:dʒenˈti:l]

[K.K.:dʒɛnˈtil]

adj.

文雅的, 有礼貌的, 有教养的

上流社会的

genteel *

1. genteel
A genteel person is respectable and well-mannered, and comes or seems to come from a high social class.

- It was a place to which genteel families came in search of health and quiet.

- ...two maiden ladies with genteel manners and voices.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ vulgar

2. genteel
A genteel place or area is quiet and traditional, but may also be old-fashioned and dull.

- ...the genteel towns of Winchester and Chichester.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ vulgar

genteel

adjective

refined

courteous

cultured

elegant

gentlemanly

ladylike

polite

respectable

urbane

well-mannered

gentian

[D.J.:ˈdʒenʃiən]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛnʃən]

n.

龙胆属的植物,龙胆根

gentian

gentian gentians
A gentian is a small plant with a blue or purple flower shaped like a bell which grows in mountain regions.
N-COUNT

Gentile

1. Gentile Gentiles
A Gentile is a person who is not Jewish.

- Blacks, whites, Hispanics, Jews, Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics have joined hands to form a new democratic coalition.

N-COUNT also gentile .
= goy non-Jew

2. Gentile
Also an adjective.

- ...a flood of Jewish and Gentile German refugees.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also gentile .

gentility

[D.J.:dʒenˈtiliti]

[K.K.:dʒɛnˈtɪlɪti]

n.

高贵的地位[出身]

有风度, 彬彬有礼

gentility

gentility
Gentility is the fact or appearance of belonging to a high social class.

- He surrounds himself with all the trappings of gentility -- dogs, horses, and fine paintings.

- The hotel has an air of faded gentility.

N-UNCOUNT
= nobility

gentle

[D.J.:ˈdʒentl]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛntl]

adj.

温和的, 和蔼的, 有礼貌的

轻的, 柔和的; 和缓的

高尚的; 出身名门的

gentleness

[D.J.:ˈd ʒentlnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈd ʒ ɛnt l..nɪs]

n.

温和;和善;彬彬有礼;高贵

gentler

adj.

温和的,优雅的

gentlest

adj.

温和的,优雅的

gently

[D.J.:ˈdʒentlɪ]

adv.

温和地,慈祥地,温柔地,轻轻地

gentle ***

1. gentle gentler gentlest
Someone who is gentle is kind, mild, and calm.

- My son was a quiet and gentle man who liked sports and enjoyed life.

- Michael's voice was gentle and consoling.

ADJ-GRADED

2. gently

- She smiled gently at him.

- `I'm sorry to disturb you,' Webb said gently.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. gentleness

- ...the gentleness with which she treated her pregnant mother.

N-UNCOUNT

4. gentle gentler gentlest
Gentle actions or movements are performed in a calm and controlled manner, with little force.

- ...a gentle game of tennis...

- His movements were gentle and deliberate.

ADJ-GRADED

5. gently

- Patrick took her gently by the arm and led her to a chair.

ADV-GRADED

6. gentle gentler gentlest
If you describe the weather, especially the wind, as gentle , you mean it is pleasant and calm and not harsh or violent.

- The blustery winds of spring had dropped to a gentle breeze.

ADJ-GRADED

7. gently

- Light airs blew gently out of the south-east.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

8. gentle gentler gentlest
A gentle slope or curve is not steep or severe.

- ...gentle, rolling meadows...

- There were two passes over 13,000 feet but the slopes were gentle.

ADJ-GRADED

9. gently

- With its gently rolling hills it looks like Tuscany.

- Green meadows sloped gently up from the road.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj

10. gentle gentler gentlest
A gentle heat is a fairly low heat.

- Cook for 30 minutes over a gentle heat.

ADJ-GRADED

11. gently

- Add the onion and cook gently for about 5 minutes.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

gentle

adjective

1.

sweet-tempered

compassionate

humane

kindly

meek

mild

placid

tender

2.

moderate

light

mild

muted

slight

soft

soothing

3.

gradual

easy

imperceptible

light

mild

moderate

slight

slow

4.

tame

biddable

broken

docile

manageable

placid

tractable

gentleness

noun

tenderness

compassion

kindness

mildness

softness

sweetness

gentleman

[D.J.:ˈdʒentlmən]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛntlmən]

n.

上等人, 绅士, 君子

男人, 先生

富贵闲人

gentlemen

[ˈdʒentlmən]

n.

阁下,先生,有身份的人,绅士,男厕所,男盥洗室(gentleman的复数)

gentleman ***

1. gentleman gentlemen
A gentleman is a man who comes from a family of high social standing.

- ...this wonderful portrait of English gentleman Joseph Greenway.

N-COUNT

2. gentleman gentlemen
If you say that a man is a gentleman , you mean he is polite and educated, and can be trusted.

- He was always such a gentleman.

N-COUNT

3. gentleman
You can address men as gentlemen , or refer politely to them as gentlemen .

- This way, please, ladies and gentlemen.

- It seems this gentleman was waiting for the doctor.

N-COUNT; N-VOC politeness

4. gentleman
A gentleman's agreement or a gentlemen's agreement is an informal agreement in which people trust one another to do what they have promised. The agreement is not written down and does not have any legal force.

- We had no contract; it was done by a gentleman's agreement.

- She made a gentleman's agreement with her buyer.

PHR

gentlemanly

[ˈdʒentlmənli]

adj.

彬彬有礼的; 绅士风度的; 绅士派头的

gentlemanly

gentlemanly
If you describe a man's behaviour as gentlemanly , you approve of him because he has good manners.

- He was respected by all who knew him for his kind and gentlemanly consideration.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval
= courteous

gentlemanly

adjective

polite

civil

courteous

gallant

genteel

honourable

refined

urbane

well-mannered

gentlewoman

[D.J.:ˈdʒentlˌwʊmən]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛntl..ˌwʊmən]

n.

女士

gentlewoman

gentlewoman gentlewomen
A gentlewoman is a woman of high social standing, or a woman who is cultured, educated, and well-mannered. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- She decided to set up a training scheme for `gentlewomen who aspired to be teachers'.

N-COUNT
= lady

gentrification

[D.J.:ˌdʒentrifiˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdʒɛntrəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

中产阶级化

gentrify

[D.J.:ˈdʒentrifai]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛntrəˌfaɪ]

v.

(使)中产阶级化

gentrify

1. gentrify gentrifies gentrifying gentrified
When a street or area is gentrified , it becomes a more expensive place to live because wealthy people move into the area and buy the houses where people with less money used to live.

- The local neighbourhood, like so many areas of Manhattan, is gradually being gentrified.

VB: usu passive

2. gentrification

- The cafe, with an open veranda, is in a block which reflects the gentrification of the area.

N-UNCOUNT

gentry

[D.J.:ˈdʒentri:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛntri]

n.

绅士;上等人

gentry *

gentry
The gentry are people of high social status or high birth. (mainly BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- Most of the country estates were built by the landed gentry during the late 19th century.

N-PLURAL

gentry

noun

nobility

aristocracy

elite

upper class

upper crust informal

genuflect

[D.J.:ˈdʒenjəˌflekt]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛnjəˌflɛkt]

vi.

屈膝(尤指宗教礼节中)

genuflection

n.

genuflexion

n.

genuflection

[ˌdʒenju:ˈflekʃən]

n.

曲膝,屈服

genuflexion

[ˌdʒenju:ˈflekʃən]

n.

曲膝,跪拜

genuflect

1. genuflect genuflects genuflecting genuflected
If you genuflect , you bend one or both knees and bow, especially in church, as a sign of respect. (FORMAL)

- He genuflected in front of the altar.

VB

2. genuflect genuflects genuflecting genuflected
You can say that someone is genuflecting to something when they are giving it a great deal of attention and respect, especially if you think it does not deserve this. (mainly JOURNALISM)

- They refrained from genuflecting to the laws of political economy.

VB disapproval
= bow

genuine

[D.J.:ˈdʒenjuin]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛnjuɪn]

adj.

真的, 非人造的

真诚的, 真心的

genuinely

[D.J.:ˈd ʒenjʊɪnlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈd ʒ ɛnjʊɪnlɪ]

adv.

真地;真正地

真诚地;诚实地

genuineness

真正

genuine ***

1. genuine
Genuine is used to describe people and things that are exactly what they appear to be, and are not false or an imitation.

- There was a risk of genuine refugees being returned to Vietnam.

- ...genuine leather...

- They're convinced the picture is genuine.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= real ≠ fake

2. genuine
Genuine refers to things such as emotions that are real and not pretended.

- There was genuine joy in this room.

- If this offer is genuine I will gladly accept it.

ADJ-GRADED
= sincere

3. genuinely

- He was genuinely surprised.

ADV-GRADED

4. genuineness

- He needed at least three days to assess the genuineness of their intentions.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

5. genuine
If you describe a person as genuine , you approve of them because they are honest, truthful, and sincere in the way they live and in their relationships with other people.

- She is very caring and very genuine.

ADJ-GRADED approval

6. genuineness

- I have no doubt about their genuineness.

N-UNCOUNT

genuine

adjective

1.

authentic

actual

bona fide

legitimate

real

the real McCoy

true

veritable

2.

sincere

candid

earnest

frank

heartfelt

honest

unaffected

unfeigned

geo-

[ˈdʒi:əu]

pref.

表示“地球,土地”之义

geo-

geo-
Geo- is used at the beginning of words that refer to the whole of the world or to the Earth's surface.

- ...geo-politics.

- ...the Geophysical Institute.

PREFIX

geographer

[D.J.:dʒiˈɔgrəfə]

n.

地理学家

geographer

geographer geographers
A geographer is a person who studies geography or is an expert in it.
N-COUNT

geographical

[D.J.:dʒɪəˈgræfɪkɵl]

adj.

地理学的,地理的

geographically

adv.

geographically

[D.J.:d ʒɪəˈ græfɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:d ʒɪəˈɡræfɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

地理学上;在地理上;地理方面

geographical **

1. geographical
Geographical or geographic means concerned with or relating to geography.

- Its geographical location stimulated overseas mercantile enterprise.

- ...a vast geographical area.

ADJ: usu ADJ n The form geographic is also used.

2. geographically

- It is geographically more diverse than any other continent.

ADV

geography

[D.J.:dʒiˈɔɡrəfi]

[K.K.:dʒiˈɑɡrəfi]

n.

地理(学)

地形, 地势

geography **

1. geography
Geography is the study of the countries of the world and of such things as the land, seas, climate, towns, and population.
N-UNCOUNT

2. geography
The geography of a place is the way that features such as rivers, mountains, towns, or streets are arranged within it.

- ...policemen who knew the local geography.

- ...a pictorial journey through the history, geography and culture of the Caribbean.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

geological

[D.J.:d ʒɪəˈl ɔd ʒɪ kəl]

[K.K.:d ʒɪəˈl ɑd ʒɪk l..]

adj.

地质(学)的(geologic)

geological *

1. geological
Geological means relating to geology.

- With geological maps, books and atlases you can find out all the proven sites of precious minerals.

- ...a lengthy geological survey.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. geologically

- At least 10,000 of these hectares are geologically unsuitable for housing.

ADV

geologist

[D.J.:d ʒɪˈ ɔləd ʒɪst]

[K.K.:d ʒɪˈ ɑləd ʒɪst]

n.

地质学家;地质学者

geology

[D.J.:dʒiˈɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:dʒiˈɑlədʒi]

n.

地质学

地质情况

geology *

1. geology
Geology is the study of the Earth's structure, surface, and origins.

- He was visiting professor of geology at the University of Jordan.

N-UNCOUNT

2. geologist geologists

- Geologists have studied the way that heat flows from the earth.

N-COUNT

3. geology
The geology of an area is the structure of its land, together with the types of rocks and minerals that exist within it.

- ...an expert on the geology of southeast Asia.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

geometric

[D.J.:ˌdʒi:əˈmetrɪk]

[K.K.:ˌdʒiəˈmɛtrɪk]

adj.

几何(学)的

几何图案的

成几何级数增加的

geometrically

adv.

用几何学,几何学上

geometric *

1. geometric
Geometric or geometrical patterns or shapes consist of regular shapes or lines.

- Geometric designs were popular wall decorations in the 14th century.

ADJ: usu ADJ n The form geometrical is also used.

2. geometrically

- ...a few geometrically planted trees.

ADV

3. geometric
Geometric or geometrical means relating to or involving the principles of geometry.

- Euclid was trying to convey his idea of a geometrical point.

ADJ: usu ADJ n The form geometrical is also used.

geometry

[D.J.:dʒiˈɔmitri]

[K.K.:dʒiˈɑmɪtri]

n.

〈数〉几何(学)

geometry *

1. geometry
Geometry is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties and relationships of lines, angles, curves, and shapes.

- ...the very ordered way in which mathematics and geometry describe nature.

N-UNCOUNT

2. geometry
The geometry of an object is its shape or the relationship of its parts to each other.

- They have tinkered with the geometry of the car's nose.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

geophysical

[ˌdʒi:əuˈfizikəl]

adj.

地球物理学的

geophysical

geophysical
Geophysical means relating to geophysics.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

geophysicist

n.

地球物理学者

geophysicist

geophysicist geophysicists
A geophysicist is someone who studies or specializes in geophysics.
N-COUNT

geophysics

[D.J.:ˌdʒi(:)əuˈfiziks]

[K.K.:ˌdʒioˈfɪzɪks]

n.

地球物理学

geophysics

geophysics
Geophysics is the branch of geology that uses physics to examine the earth's structure, climate, and oceans.
N-UNCOUNT

geopolitical

[ˌdʒi(:)əupəˈlitikəl]

adj.

地理政治学的

geopolitical

geopolitical
Geopolitical means relating to or concerned with geopolitics.

- Hungary and Poland have suffered before because of their unfortunate geopolitical position on the European map.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

geopolitics

[D.J.:ˌdʒi(:)əuˈpɔlitiks]

[K.K.:ˌdʒioˈpɑlɪtɪks]

n.

地缘政治学

geopolitics

geopolitics
Geopolitics is concerned with politics and the way that geography affects politics or relations between countries.

- ...the shifting geopolitics of the post-cold-war era have changed the thinking behind aid.

N-UNCOUNT

Georgian

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔ:dʒjən]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɔrdʒən]

n.

乔治亚州人,乔治亚人,乔治王时代

adj.

乔治王时代艺术风格的,乔治亚的

Georgian **

Georgian
Georgian means belonging to or connected with Britain in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, during the reigns of King George I to King George IV.

- ...the restoration of his Georgian house.

ADJ

geranium

[D.J.:dʒiˈreinjəm]

[K.K.:dʒəˈreniəm]

n.

天竺葵

geranium *

geranium geraniums
A geranium is a plant with red, pink, or white flowers.
N-COUNT

gerbil

[D.J.:ˈdʒə:bil]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɚbəl]

n.

沙鼠

gerbil

gerbil gerbils
A gerbil is a small, furry animal that is often kept as a pet.
N-COUNT

geriatric

[D.J.:ˌdʒeriˈætrik]

[K.K.:ˌdʒɛriˈætrɪk]

adj.

老年医学的; 老年病学的

geriatrics

[D.J.:dʒeriˈætriks]

[K.K.:ˌdʒɛriˈætrɪks]

n.

(作单数用)老人病学,老人病科

geriatric *

1. geriatric
Geriatric is used to describe things relating to the illnesses and medical care of old people. (MEDICAL)

- There is a question mark over the future of geriatric care.

- The geriatric and mental patients will be moved out within three months.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. geriatric
Geriatrics is the study of the illnesses that affect old people and the medical care of old people.
N-UNCOUNT

3. geriatric geriatrics
If you describe someone as a geriatric , you are implying that they are old and that their mental or physical condition is poor. This use could cause offence.

- He will complain about having to spend time with such a boring bunch of geriatrics.

- ...how can it be acceptable to have a load of geriatric judges deciding what should happen?

N-COUNT: oft N n

germ

[D.J.:dʒə:m]

[K.K.:dʒɚm]

n.

微生物; 病菌, 细菌

(某事的)根源, 发端

germ *

1. germ germs
A germ is a very small organism that causes disease.

- Chlorine is widely used to kill germs.

- ...a germ that destroyed hundreds of millions of lives.

N-COUNT

2. germ
The germ of something such as an idea is something which developed or might develop into that thing.

- The germ of an idea took root in Rosemary's mind.

- This was the germ of a book.

N-SING: N of n

germ

noun

1.

microbe

bacterium

bug informal

microorganism

virus

2.

beginning

embryo

origin

root

rudiment

seed

source

spark

German

[D.J.:ˈdʒɜ:mən]

[K.K.:ˈdʒə..mən]

adj.

德国的；德国人/语的；德国文化的

n.

德国人；德语

German ****

1. German
German means belonging or relating to Germany.

- ...a cut in German interest rates.

- ...the German government.

ADJ

2. German Germans
A German is a person who comes from Germany.

- Horst, a German from Hamburg, was a true original.

N-COUNT

3. German
German is the language used in Germany, Austria, and parts of Switzerland.

- I heard a very angry man talking in German.

N-UNCOUNT

germane

[D.J.:dʒəˈmeɪn]

[K.K.:dʒɚˈmen]

adj.

有关的,恰当的

germane

germane
Something that is germane to a situation or idea is connected with it in an important way. (FORMAL)

- ...the suppression of a number of documents which were very germane to the case...

- Fenton was a good listener, and his questions were germane.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
= relevant

germane

adjective

relevant

apposite

appropriate

apropos

connected

fitting

material

pertinent

related

to the point or purpose

Germanic

[D.J.:dʒəˈmænɪk]

[K.K.:dʒɚˈmænɪk]

adj.

德国的;日耳曼人(或民族)的

德国人的;德国作风的

n.

日耳曼语

Germanic

1. Germanic
If you describe someone or something as Germanic , you think that their appearance or behaviour is typical of German people or things.

- He asked in his Germanic English if I was enjoying France.

ADJ-GRADED

2. Germanic
Germanic is used to describe the ancient culture and language of the peoples of northern Europe.

- ...the Germanic tribes of pre-Christian Europe.

ADJ

German measles

German measles
German measles is a disease which causes you to have a cough, a sore throat, and red spots on your skin.
N-UNCOUNT
= rubella

germinate

[D.J.:ˈdʒɜ:məˌneɪt]

[K.K.:ˈdʒə..məˌnet]

vt. & vi.

(使)发芽

germinating

[ˈdʒə:mineitiŋ]

n.,adj.

发芽(的)

germination

[ˌdʒə:miˈneiʃən]

n.

萌芽,发生

germinate *

1. germinate germinates germinating germinated
If a seed germinates or if it is germinated , it starts to grow. (TECHNICAL)

- Some seed varieties germinate fast, so check every day or so.

- First, the researchers germinated the seeds.

V-ERG
= develop

2. germination

- The poor germination of your seed could be because the soil was too cold.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

3. germinate germinates germinating germinated
If an idea, plan, or feeling germinates , it comes into existence and begins to develop.

- He wrote to Eliot about a `big book' that was germinating in his mind.

VB

germinate

verb

sprout

bud

develop

generate

grow

originate

shoot

swell

vegetate

germ warfare

germ warfare
Germ warfare is the use of germs in a war in order to cause disease in enemy troops, or to destroy crops that they might use as food.

- ...an international treaty banning germ warfare.

N-UNCOUNT

gerontology

[D.J.:ˌdʒerənˈtɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˌdʒɛrənˈtɑlədʒi]

n.

老年医学,老人学

gerontology

gerontology
Gerontology is the study of the process by which we get old, how our bodies change, and the problems that old people have.
N-UNCOUNT

gerrymandering

gerrymandering
Gerrymandering is the act of altering political boundaries in order to give an unfair advantage to one political party or group of people.

- With the help of skilful gerrymandering, the Party has never lost an election since.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

gerund

[D.J.:ˈdʒerənd]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛrənd]

n.

动名词

gerund

gerund gerunds
A gerund is a noun formed from a verb which refers to an action, process, or state. In English, gerunds end in `-ing', for example `running' and `thinking'.
N-COUNT

gestalt

gestalt
In psychology, a gestalt is something that has particular qualities when you consider it as a whole which are not obvious when you consider only the separate parts of it. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the visual strength of the gestalt.

N-SING

gestation

[D.J.:dʒeˈsteɪʃən]

[K.K.:dʒɛˈsteʃən]

n.

怀孕;怀孕期

(思想、主意等的)构思、酝酿,孕育(过程)

gestation

1. gestation
Gestation is the process in which babies grow inside their mother's body before they are born. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the seventeenth week of gestation...

- The gestation period can be anything between 95 and 150 days.

N-UNCOUNT

2. gestation
Gestation is the process in which an idea or plan develops. (FORMAL)

- ...the prolonged period of gestation of this design.

N-UNCOUNT
= development

gesticulate

[D.J.:dʒeˈstɪkjəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:dʒɛˈstɪkjəˌlet]

vi.

做手势示意或强调

gesticulation

n.

做手势,做示意动作;手势

gesticulation

[D.J.:dʒeˌstikjuˈleiʃən]

[K.K.:dʒɛˌstɪkjəˈleʃən]

n.

姿势,做姿势传达,手势

gesticulate

1. gesticulate gesticulates gesticulating gesticulated
If you gesticulate , you make movements with your arms or hands, often while you are describing something that is difficult to express in words. (mainly WRITTEN)

- A man with a paper hat upon his head was gesticulating wildly.

- The architect was gesticulating at a hole in the ground.

VB
= gesture

2. gesticulation gesticulations

- We communicated mainly by signs, gesticulation and mime.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

gesticulate

verb

signal

gesture

indicate

make a sign

motion

sign

wave

gesture

[D.J.:ˈdʒestʃə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛstʃɚ]

n.

手势, 姿势

姿态, 表示

vt. & vi.

做手势

gesture ***

1. gesture gestures
A gesture is a movement that you make with a part of your body, especially your hands, to express emotion or information.

- Sarah made a menacing gesture with her fist.

- He throws his hands open in a gesture which clearly indicates his relief.

N-COUNT

2. gesture gestures
A gesture is something that you say or do in order to express your attitude or intentions, often something that you know will not have much effect.

- He questioned the government's commitment to peace and called on it to make a gesture of good will.

- There's no greater gesture of love than having someone's name tattooed on your body.

- As a gesture to security, cars were fitted with special locks.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

3. gesture gestures gesturing gestured
If you gesture , you use movements of your hands or head in order to tell someone something or draw their attention to something.

- I gestured towards the boathouse, and he looked inside.

- He gestures, gesticulates, and moves with the grace of a dancer.

VB

gesture

noun

1.

signal

action

gesticulation

indication

motion

sign

verb

2.

signal

gesticulate

indicate

motion

sign

wave

get

[D.J.:ɡet]

[K.K.:ɡɛt]

vt.

得到, 收到

具有

使得

(去)拿来

理解, 听到, 学得

感染上, 得(病)

抓住, 击中, 杀死

受到(惩罚等)

vt. & vi.

到达, 来, 往

vi.

开始, 逐渐

link v.

遭到

成为, 变得

getting

[ˈɡetiŋ]

n.

获得(物);利益

got

[D.J.:gɔt]

[K.K.:ɡɑt]

(get的过去式和过去分词)

gotten

[D.J.:ˈɡɔtn]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑtn]

get的过去分词

get 1 changing, causing, moving, or reaching *****

(In most of its uses get is a fairly informal word. Gotten is an American form of the past tense and past participle.)

1. get gets getting got or gotten
You use get with adjectives to mean `become'. For example, if someone gets cold , they become cold, and if they get angry , they become angry.

- The boys were getting bored.

- There's no point in getting upset.

- From here on, it can only get better.

V-LINK

2. get gets getting got or gotten
Get is used with expressions referring to states or situations. For example, to get into trouble means to start being in trouble.

- Half the pleasure of an evening out is getting ready.

- Perhaps I shouldn't say that -- I might get into trouble.

- How did we get into this recession, and what can we do to get out of it?

V-LINK

3. get gets getting got or gotten
To get someone or something into a particular state or situation means to cause them to be in it.

- I don't know if I can get it clean.

- What got me interested was looking at an old New York Times.

- Brian will get them out of trouble.

VB

4. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get someone to do something, you cause them to do it by asking, persuading, or telling them to do it.

- ...a long campaign to get US politicians to take the Aids epidemic more seriously...

- How did you get him to pose for this picture?

VB
= persuade

5. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get something done, you cause it to be done.

- I might benefit from getting my teeth fixed.

- It was best to get things done quickly.

VB

6. get gets getting got or gotten
To get somewhere means to move there.

- I got off the bed and opened the door.

- How can I get past her without her seeing me?.

- I heard David yelling and telling them to get back.

VB

7. get gets getting got or gotten
When you get to a place, you arrive there.

- Generally I get to work at 9.30am.

- It was dark by the time she got home.

VB
= reach

8. get gets getting got or gotten
To get something or someone into a place or position means to cause them to move there.

- Mack got his wallet out.

- Go and get your coat on.

- The UN was supposed to be getting aid to where it was most needed.

VB

9. get gets getting got or gotten
Get is often used in place of `be' as an auxiliary verb to form passives.

- Does she ever get asked for her autograph?.

- A pane of glass got broken.

AUX

10. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get to do something, you eventually or gradually reach a stage at which you do it.

- Miller and Ferlinghetti got to be friends.

- No one could figure out how he got to be so wealthy.

VB

11. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get to do something, you manage to do it or have the opportunity to do it.

- How do these people get to be the bosses of major companies?.

- Do you get to see him often?.

- They get to stay in nice hotels.

VB

12. get gets getting got or gotten
You can use get in expressions like get moving , get going , and get working when you want to tell people to begin moving, going, or working quickly.

- I aim to be off the lake before dawn, so let's get moving.

- We need to get thinking, talking and acting on this before it is too late.

VB
= start

13. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get to a particular stage in your life or in something you are doing, you reach that stage.

- We haven't got to the stage of a full-scale military conflict.

- If she gets that far, Jane may get legal aid to take her case to court.

- It got to the point where I was so ill I was waiting to die.

VB

14. get gets getting got or gotten
You can use get to talk about the progress that you are making. For example, if you say that you are getting somewhere , you mean that you are making progress, and if you say that something won't get you anywhere , you mean it will not help you to progress at all.

- Radical factions say the talks are getting nowhere and they want to withdraw.

- My perseverance was getting me somewhere.

V-ERG

15. get gets getting got or gotten
When it gets to a particular time, it is that time. If it is getting towards a particular time, it is approaching that time.

- It got to after 1am and I was exhausted.

- It was getting towards evening when we got back.

- It's getting late.

V-LINK

16. get gets getting got or gotten
If something that has continued for some time gets to you, it starts causing you to suffer.

- That's the first time I lost my cool in 20 years in this job. This whole thing's getting to me.

VB

17. get gets getting got or gotten
If something gets you, it annoys you. (INFORMAL)

- What gets me is the attitude of so many of the people.

VB: no passive

get 2 obtaining, receiving, or catching *****

1. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get something that you want or need, you obtain it.

- I got a job at the sawmill.

- The problem was how to get enough food to sustain life.

- It is impossible to get help, so she is doing everything herself.

- He had been having trouble getting a hotel room.

- I asked him to get me some information.

VB

2. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get something, you receive it or are given it.

- I'm getting a bike for my birthday.

- He gets a lot of letters from women.

- They get a salary of $21,000 a year.

VB

3. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get someone or something, you go and bring them to a particular place.

- I came down this morning to get the newspaper.

- Go and get me a large brandy.

- Go and get your daddy for me.

VB
= fetch

4. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get a meal, you prepare it.

- She was getting breakfast as usual.

VB

5. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get a particular result, you obtain it from some action that you take, or from a calculation or experiment.

- You could run that race again and get a different result each time.

- What do you get if you multiply six by nine?

VB

6. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get a particular price for something that you sell, you obtain that amount of money by selling it.

- He can't get a good price for his crops.

VB

7. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get the time or opportunity to do something, you have the time or opportunity to do it.

- You get time to think in prison.

- Whenever I get the chance I go to Maxim's for dinner.

VB

8. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get an idea, impression, or feeling, you begin to have that idea, impression, or feeling as you learn or understand more about something.

- I get the feeling that you're an honest man.

- The study is an attempt to get a better idea of why people live where they do.

- Doctors can get the wrong impression from even an accurate description.

VB

9. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get a feeling or benefit from an activity or experience, the activity or experience gives you that feeling or benefit.

- Charles got a shock when he saw him.

- She gets enormous pleasure out of working freelance.

- I would like to take pictures professionally because I get so much out of it.

VB

10. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get a look, view, or glimpse of something, you manage to see it.

- Young men climbed on buses and fences to get a better view.

- Crowds shouted and pushed to get a glimpse of their hero.

VB
= obtain

11. get gets getting got or gotten
If a place gets a particular type of weather, it has that type of weather.

- Riyadh, the Saudi capital, got 25 mm of rain in just 12 hours.

- Northern Kentucky is likely to get snow mixed with sleet.

VB

12. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get a joke or get the point of something that is said, you understand it.

- Did you get that joke, Ann? I'll explain later.

- You don't seem to get the point.

VB

13. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get an illness or disease, you become ill with it.

- When I was five I got measles.

VB

14. get gets getting got or gotten
When you get a train, bus, plane, or boat, you leave a place on a particular train, bus, plane, or boat.

- It'll be two pounds to get the bus.

- What time are you getting your train?

VB
= catch

15. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get a person or animal, you succeed in catching, killing, or hitting them.

- Take it easy. We've got him. He's not going to kill anyone else.

VB

16. get gets getting got or gotten
If you get a newspaper or magazine, you regularly buy it.

- We don't get a paper.

- We already get The Times.

VB
= take

17. get gets getting got or gotten
If you can get a particular radio or television channel, you are able to receive broadcasts from it on your radio or television.

- I only get Channel 7.

VB

18. get
You can say that something is, for example, as good as you can get to mean that it is as good as it is possible for that thing to be.

- Consort has a population of 714 and is about as rural and isolated as you can get.

- ...the diet that is as near to perfect as you can get it.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

19. get
If you say you can't get away from something or there is no getting away from something, you are emphasizing that it is true, even though people might prefer it not to be true. (INFORMAL)

- There is no getting away from the fact that he is on the left of the party.

PHR: PHR n emphasis

20. get
If you get away from it all , you have a holiday in a place that is very different from where you normally live and work.

- ...the ravishing island of Ischia, where rich Italians get away from it all.

PHR: V inflects

21. get
Get is used in rude expressions like get stuffed and get lost to express contempt, disagreement, or refusal to do something. (RUDE)
CONVENTION feelings

22. get
You can say, for example, ` How lucky can you get? ' or ` How stupid can you get? ' to show your surprise that anyone could be as lucky or stupid as the person that you are talking about. (INFORMAL)

- I mean, how crazy can you get?

PHR feelings

23. get
If you tell someone where to get off , you tell them in a rather rude way that you are not going to do or agree to what they want. (INFORMAL)

- If somebody tried to do that to you, you'd just go right up to them and tell them where to get off.

PHR: tell inflects

24. get
You can use you get instead of `there is' or `there are' to say that something exists, happens, or can be experienced. (SPOKEN)

- You get a lot of things like that now don't you.

- That's where you get some differences of opinion.

PHR: PHR n

getting

1. getting
Getting is the present participle of get .

2. getting
Getting on for means the same as nearly . (BRIT, mainly SPOKEN)

- I've been trying to give up smoking for getting on for two years now.

- It was getting on for two o'clock.

PHR-PREP

got *****

1. got
Got is the past tense and past participle of get .

2. got
You use have got to say that someone has a particular thing, or to mention a quality or characteristic that someone or something has. In informal American English, people sometimes just use `got'. (SPOKEN)

- I've got a coat just like this.

- She hasn't got a work permit.

- Have you got any ideas?.

- Every city's got its good and bad points.

- After a pause he asked, `You got any identification?'

PHR: have inflects, PHR n
= have

3. got
You use have got to when you are saying that something is necessary or must happen in the way stated. In informal American English, the `have' is sometimes omitted. (SPOKEN)

- I'm not happy with the situation, but I've just got to accept it.

- There has got to be a degree of flexibility.

- See, you got to work very hard.

PHR-MODAL
= must

4. got
People sometimes use have got to in order to emphasize that they are certain that something is true, because of the facts or circumstances involved. In informal American English, the `have' is sometimes omitted. (SPOKEN)

- We'll do what we got to do.

PHR-MODAL emphasis
= must

gotten

gotten
Gotten is the past participle of get in American English.

See also ill-gotten gains .

get

verb

1.

obtain

acquire

attain

fetch

gain

land

net

pick up

procure

receive

secure

win

2.

contract

catch

come down with

fall victim to

take

3.

capture

grab

lay hold of

nab informal

seize

take

4.

become

come to be

grow

turn

5.

understand

catch

comprehend

fathom

follow

perceive

see

take in

work out

6.

persuade

convince

induce

influence

prevail upon

7.

annoy

bug informal

gall

irritate

upset

vex

get about phrases and phrasal verbs *****

1. get about gets about; getting about; got about or gotten about
If you get about , you go to different places and visit different people.

- So you're getting about a bit again? Not shutting yourself away?

PHR-V

2. get about gets about; getting about; got about or gotten about
The way that someone gets about is the way that they walk or go from one place to another.

- When he went out of town on business, his wife, a friend, or an associate helped him to get about.

PHR-V

3. get about gets about; getting about; got about or gotten about
If news gets about , it becomes well known as a result of being told to lots of people. (mainly BRIT)

- How did the rumours get about?.

- The story had soon got about that he had been suspended.

PHR-V
= get around

get across *****

get across gets across; getting across; got across or gotten across
When an idea gets across or when you get it across , you succeed in making other people understand it.

- Officers felt their point of view was not getting across to ministers.

- I had created a way to get my message across while using as few words as possible.

PHR-V-ERG
= get over

get across

verb Informal

1.

cross

ford

negotiate

pass over

traverse

2.

communicate

bring home to

convey

impart

make clear or understood

put over

transmit

get ahead *****

get ahead gets ahead; getting ahead; got ahead or gotten ahead
If you want to get ahead , you want to be successful in your career.

- He wanted safety, security, a home, and a chance to get ahead.

PHR-V
= get on

get along *****

1. get along gets along; getting along; got along or gotten along
If you get along with someone, you have a friendly relationship with them. You can also say that two people get along .

- It's impossible to get along with him.

- Although at one point their voices were raised they seemed to be getting along fine.

PHR-V-RECIP
= get on

2. get along gets along; getting along; got along or gotten along
Get along means the same as get by .

- You can't get along without water.

- Many older people cannot get along on just their Social Security checks.

PHR-V
= manage survive

get around *****

1. get around gets around; getting around; got around or gotten around
To get around a problem or difficulty means to overcome it.

- None of these countries has found a way yet to get around the problem of the polarization of wealth.

PHR-V (BRIT) also get round
= get over

2. get around gets around; getting around; got around or gotten around
If you get around a rule or law, you find a way of doing something that the rule or law is intended to prevent, without actually breaking it.

- Although tobacco ads are prohibited, companies get around the ban by sponsoring music shows.

PHR-V
= circumvent

3. get around gets around; getting around; got around or gotten around
If news gets around , it becomes well known as a result of being told to lots of people.

- They threw him out because word got around that he was taking drugs.

- I'll see that it gets round that you've arrived.

PHR-V
= get about

4. get around gets around; getting around; got around or gotten around
If you get around someone, you persuade them to allow you to do or have something by pleasing them or flattering them.

- Max could always get round her.

PHR-V

5. get around gets around; getting around; got around or gotten around
If you get around , you visit a lot of different places as part of your way of life.

- He claimed to be a journalist, and he got around.

PHR-V

get around to *****

get around gets around; getting around; got around or gotten around
When you get around to doing something that you have delayed doing or have been too busy to do, you finally do it.

- I said I would write to you, but as usual I never got around to it.

- I've got bags of photographs and one day I'll get round to putting them in an album.

PHR-V (BRIT) also get round to

get at *****

1. get at gets at; getting at; got at or gotten at
To get at something means to succeed in reaching it.

- A goat was standing up against a tree on its hind legs, trying to get at the leaves.

PHR-V

2. get at gets at; getting at; got at or gotten at
If you get at the truth about something, you succeed in discovering it.

- We want to get at the truth. Who killed him? And why?

PHR-V
= find out

3. get at gets at; getting at; got at or gotten at
If you get at someone, you keep criticizing or teasing them in an unkind way. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- They don't like my moustache and my long hair, they get at me whenever they can.

PHR-V
= pick on

4. get at gets at; getting at; got at or gotten at
If you ask someone what they are getting at , you are asking them to explain what they mean, usually because you think that they are being unpleasant or are suggesting something that is untrue.

- `What are you getting at now?' demanded Rick.

PHR-V: usu cont
= insinuate

get at

verb

1.

gain access to

acquire

attain

come to grips with

get hold of

reach

2.

imply

hint

intend

lead up to

mean

suggest

3.

criticize

attack

blame

find fault with

nag

pick on

get away *****

1. get away gets away; getting away; got away or gotten away
If you get away , you succeed in leaving a place or a person's company.

- She'd gladly have gone anywhere to get away from the cottage.

- I wanted a divorce. I wanted to get away.

PHR-V
= escape

2. get away gets away; getting away; got away or gotten away
If you get away , you go away for a period of time in order to have a holiday.

- He is too busy to get away.

PHR-V

3. get away gets away; getting away; got away or gotten away
When someone or something gets away , or when you get them away , they escape.

- Dr Dunn was apparently trying to get away when he was shot.

- I wanted to get her away to somewhere safe.

PHR-V-ERG

4. get away gets away; getting away; got away or gotten away
If you get away from an old-fashioned or limited way of doing or thinking about something, you manage to do or think about it in a new way.

- We want to get away from the politics of outdated dogmatism and class confrontation.

PHR-V

get away with *****

get away gets away; getting away; got away or gotten away
If you get away with doing something wrong or risky, you do not suffer any punishment or other bad consequences because of it.

- The criminals know how to play the system and get away with it.

- This is one of the few jobs you can do and get away with being completely drunk.

PHR-V

get back *****

1. get back gets back; getting back; got back or gotten back
If someone or something gets back to a state they were in before, they are then in that state again.

- Then life started to get back to normal.

- I couldn't get back to sleep.

PHR-V
= return

2. get back gets back; getting back; got back or gotten back
If you get back to a subject that you were talking about before, you start talking about it again.

- It wasn't until we had sat down to eat that we got back to the subject of Tom Halliday.

PHR-V
= return

3. get back gets back; getting back; got back or gotten back
If you get something back after you have lost it or after it has been taken from you, you then have it again.

- You have 14 days in which you can cancel the contract and get your money back.

PHR-V

4. get back gets back; getting back; got back or gotten back
If you get back at someone or get them back , you do something unpleasant to them in order to have revenge for something unpleasant that they did to you. (INFORMAL)

- My wife has left me and I wanted to get back at the first woman I saw.

- I'm going to get you back so badly you're never going to be able to show your face again.

PHR-V

get back to *****

get back gets back; getting back; got back or gotten back
If you get back to an activity, you start doing it again after you have stopped doing it.

- I think I ought to get back to work.

PHR-V

get by *****

get by gets by; getting by; got by or gotten by
If you can get by with what you have, you can manage to live or do things in a satisfactory way.

- I'm a survivor. I'll get by.

- Melville managed to get by on a small amount of money.

PHR-V
= survive

get by

verb

manage

cope

exist

fare

get along

keep one's head above water

make both ends meet

survive

get down *****

1. get down gets down; getting down; got down or gotten down
If something gets you down , it makes you unhappy.

- At times when my work gets me down, I like to fantasize about being a farmer.

PHR-V

2. get down gets down; getting down; got down or gotten down
If you get down , you lower your body until you are sitting, kneeling, or lying on the ground.

- She got down on her hands and knees on the floor.

- `Get down!' she yelled. `Somebody's shooting!'

PHR-V

3. get down gets down; getting down; got down or gotten down
If you get something down , especially something that someone has just said, you write it down.

- The idea has been going around in my head for quite a while and now I am getting it down on paper.

PHR-V

4. get down gets down; getting down; got down or gotten down
If you get food or medicine down , you swallow it, especially with difficulty. (INFORMAL)

- I bit into a hefty slab of bread and cheese. When I had got it down I started talking.

PHR-V

get down to *****

get down gets down; getting down; got down or gotten down
If you get down to something, especially something that requires a lot of attention, you begin doing it.

- With the election out of the way, the government can get down to business.

PHR-V

get in *****

1. get in gets in; getting in; got in or gotten in
If a political party or a politician gets in , they are elected.

- If the Conservatives got in they might decide to change it.

PHR-V

2. get in gets in; getting in; got in or gotten in
If you get something in , you manage to do it at a time when you are very busy doing other things.

- I plan to get a few lessons in.

PHR-V

3. get in gets in; getting in; got in or gotten in
To get crops or the harvest in means to gather them from the land and take them to a particular place.

- We didn't get the harvest in until Christmas, there was so much snow.

PHR-V

4. get in gets in; getting in; got in or gotten in
When a train, bus, or plane gets in , it arrives.

- We would have come straight here, except our flight got in too late.

PHR-V

5. get in gets in; getting in; got in or gotten in
If you get something in , you eventually succeed in saying it, usually when a lot of people are talking at the same time or one person is talking without stopping.

- It was hard to get a word in.

PHR-V

get in on *****

get in gets in; getting in; got in or gotten in
If you get in on something that other people are already involved in, you take part in it. (INFORMAL)

- Now baseball is trying to get in on the European market.

PHR-V

get in with *****

get in gets in; getting in; got in or gotten in
If someone tries to get in with you, they try to become friendly with you because they think that they will benefit in some way.

- She did everything she could to get in with the people she thought would make her look important.

PHR-V disapproval

get into *****

1. get into gets into; getting into; got into or gotten into
If you get into a particular kind of work or activity, you manage to become involved in it.

- He was eager to get into politics.

PHR-V

2. get into gets into; getting into; got into or gotten into
If you get into a school, college, or university, you are accepted there as a student.

- I was working hard to get into Cambridge.

PHR-V

3. get into gets into; getting into; got into or gotten into
If you ask what has got into someone, you mean that they are behaving very differently from the way they usually behave. (INFORMAL)

- What has got into you today? Why are you behaving like this?

PHR-V

get off *****

1. get off gets off; getting off; got off or gotten off
If someone who has broken a law or rule gets off , they are not punished, or are given only a very small punishment.

- He is likely to get off with a small fine.

PHR-V

2. get off gets off; getting off; got off or gotten off
If you get off , you leave a place because it is time to leave.

- At eight I said `I'm getting off now.'

PHR-V

3. get off gets off; getting off; got off or gotten off
If you tell someone to get off a piece of land or a property, you are telling them to leave, because they have no right to be there and you do not want them there.

- I told you. Get off the farm.

PHR-V

4. get off gets off; getting off; got off or gotten off
You can tell someone to get off when they are touching something and you do not want them to.

- I kept telling him to get off.

- `Get off me!' I screamed.

PHR-V

5. get off gets off; getting off; got off or gotten off
If you get off , or get off to sleep , you succeed in falling asleep. (BRIT)
PHR-V: V P

get off on *****

get off gets off; getting off; got off or gotten off
If you get off on something, you are very excited by it, especially sexually excited. (INFORMAL)

- I'm an exhibitionist, and I get off on the entertainment we give people.

PHR-V

get off with *****

get off gets off; getting off; got off or gotten off
If you get off with someone, you start a romantic or sexual relationship with them. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I got off with a cute boy from Nottingham.

PHR-V

get off

verb

leave

alight

depart

descend

disembark

dismount

escape

exit

get on *****

1. get on gets on; getting on; got on or gotten on
If you get on with someone, you like them and have a friendly relationship with them.

- The host fears the guests won't get on.

- What are your neighbours like? Do you get on with them?

PHR-V-RECIP
= get along

2. get on gets on; getting on; got on or gotten on
If you get on with something, you continue doing it or start doing it.

- Jane got on with her work.

- Let's get on.

PHR-V

3. get on gets on; getting on; got on or gotten on
If you say how someone is getting on , you are saying how much success they are having with what they are trying to do.

- Livy's getting on very well in Russian. She learns very quickly.

- When he came back to see me I asked how he had got on.

PHR-V

4. get on gets on; getting on; got on or gotten on
If you try to get on , you try to be successful in your career. (mainly BRIT)

- Politics is seen as a man's world. It is very difficult for women to get on.

PHR-V
= get ahead

5. get on gets on; getting on; got on or gotten on
If someone is getting on , they are getting old. (INFORMAL)

- I'm nearly 31 and that's getting on a bit for a footballer.

PHR-V: usu cont

get on to *****

1. get on gets on; getting on; got on or gotten on
If you get on to a topic when you are speaking, you start talking about it.

- We got on to the subject of relationships.

PHR-V

2. get on gets on; getting on; got on or gotten on
If you get on to someone, you contact them in order to ask them to do something or to give them some information. (mainly BRIT)

- I got on to him and explained some of the things I had been thinking of.

PHR-V

get on

verb

1.

board

ascend

climb

embark

mount

2.

be friendly

be compatible

concur

get along

hit it off informal

get out *****

1. get out gets out; getting out; got out or gotten out
If you get out , you leave a place because you want to escape from it, or because you are made to leave it.

- They probably wanted to get out of the country.

- I told him to leave and get out.

PHR-V

2. get out gets out; getting out; got out or gotten out
If you get out , you go to places and meet people, usually in order to have a more enjoyable life.

- Get out and enjoy yourself, make new friends.

PHR-V
= go out

3. get out gets out; getting out; got out or gotten out
If you get out of an organization or a commitment, you withdraw from it.

- I wanted to get out of the group, but they wouldn't let me.

- Getting out of the contract would be no problem.

PHR-V
= pull out

4. get out gets out; getting out; got out or gotten out
If news or information gets out , it becomes known.

- If word got out now, a scandal could be disastrous.

- Once the news gets out that Armenia is in a very critical situation, I think the world will respond.

PHR-V

get out of *****

get out gets out; getting out; got out or gotten out
If you get out of doing something that you do not want to do, you succeed in avoiding doing it.

- It's amazing what people will do to get out of paying taxes.

PHR-V
= avoid

get over *****

1. get over gets over; getting over; got over or gotten over
If you get over an unpleasant or unhappy experience or an illness, you recover from it.

- It took me a very long time to get over the shock of her death.

PHR-V

2. get over gets over; getting over; got over or gotten over
If you get over a problem or difficulty, you overcome it.

- How would they get over that problem, he wondered?

PHR-V
= get around

3. get over gets over; getting over; got over or gotten over
If you get your message over to people, they hear and understand it.

- We have got to get the message over to the young that smoking isn't cool.

PHR-V
= get across

get over with *****

get over gets over; getting over; got over or gotten over
If you want to get something unpleasant over with , you want to do it or finish experiencing it quickly, since you cannot avoid it.

- The sooner we start, the sooner we'll get it over with.

PHR-V

get over

verb

recover from

come round

get better

mend

pull through

rally

revive

survive

get through *****

1. get through gets through; getting through; got through or gotten through
If you get through a task or an amount of work, especially when it is difficult, you complete it.

- I think you can get through the first two chapters.

PHR-V

2. get through gets through; getting through; got through or gotten through
If you get through a difficult or unpleasant period of time, you manage to live through it.

- It is hard to see how people will get through the winter.

- We couldn't get through a day without arguing.

PHR-V
= last

3. get through gets through; getting through; got through or gotten through
If you get through a large amount of something, you use it. (mainly BRIT)

- We've got through a lot of tyres.

- You'll get through at least ten nappies a day.

PHR-V

4. get through gets through; getting through; got through or gotten through
If you get through to someone, you succeed in making them understand something that you are trying to tell them.

- An old friend might well be able to get through to her and help her.

- The message was finally getting through to him.

PHR-V

5. get through gets through; getting through; got through or gotten through
If you get through to someone, you succeed in contacting them on the telephone.

- Look, I can't get through to this number.

- I've been trying to ring up all day and I couldn't get through.

PHR-V

6. get through gets through; getting through; got through or gotten through
If you get through an examination or get through , you pass it. (mainly BRIT)

- Did you have to get through an entrance examination?

PHR-V

7. get through gets through; getting through; got through or gotten through
If a law or proposal gets through , it is officially approved by something such as a parliament or committee.

- He would be very disappointed if his referendum law failed to get through.

- Such a radical proposal would never get through parliament.

PHR-V

get together *****

1. get together gets together; getting together; got together or gotten together
When people get together , they meet in order to discuss something or to spend time together.

- This is the only forum where East and West can get together.

PHR-V
See also get-together .

2. get together gets together; getting together; got together or gotten together
If you get something together , you organize it.

- Paul and I were getting a band together, and we needed a new record deal.

PHR-V

3. get together gets together; getting together; got together or gotten together
If you get an amount of money together , you succeed in getting all the money that you need in order to pay for something.

- Now you've finally got enough money together to put down a deposit on your dream home.

PHR-V
= scrape together

get up *****

1. get up gets up; getting up; got up or gotten up
When someone who is sitting or lying down gets up , they rise to a standing position.

- I got up and walked over to where he was.

PHR-V
= stand up

2. get up gets up; getting up; got up or gotten up
When you get up , you get out of bed.

- They have to get up early in the morning.

PHR-V

3. get up gets up; getting up; got up or gotten up
If you get yourself up in a particular kind of clothing, you dress in that clothing.

- They knew how to get themselves up in those days.

- ...an old tramp got up in a velvet smoking-jacket.

PHR-V

get up to *****

get up gets up; getting up; got up or gotten up
If you say that someone gets up to something, you mean that they do it and you do not approve of it. (BRIT, mainly SPOKEN)

- They get up to all sorts behind your back.

PHR-V disapproval

getaway

[D.J.:ˈgetəˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡɛtəˌwe]

n.

逃跑, 逃走

getaway *

1. getaway getaways
If someone makes a getaway , they leave a place quickly, especially after committing a crime or when trying to avoid someone.

- They made their getaway along a pavement on a stolen motorcycle.

- ...the burglar's getaway car.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N n also get-away .
= escape

2. getaway getaways
A getaway is a short holiday somewhere. (INFORMAL)

- Weekend tours are ideal for families who want a short getaway.

N-COUNT also get-away .
= break

getaway

noun

escape

break

break-out

flight

get-together

[D.J.:ˈɡetəˌɡeðə]

[K.K.:ˈɡɛttəˌɡɛðɚ]

n.

〈口〉聚会; 联欢会

get-together

get-together get-togethers
A get-together is an informal meeting or party, usually arranged for a particular purpose.

- ...a get-together I had at my home.

N-COUNT

get-up

n.

装订,精力,打扮

get-up *

get-up get-ups
If you refer to a set of clothes as a get-up , you think that they are unusual or ridiculous. (INFORMAL)

- Naturally he couldn't work in this get-up.

N-COUNT disapproval

geyser

[D.J.:ˈgaɪzə]

[K.K.:ˈɡaɪzɚ]

n.

间歇喷泉

(厨房、洗澡间的)煤气热水器〔炉〕

geyser

geyser geysers
A geyser is a hole in the Earth's surface from which hot water and steam are forced out, usually at irregular intervals of time.
N-COUNT

Ghanaian

[ɡɑ:ˈneiən]

n.

加纳人

adj.

加纳(人)的

Ghanaian ***

1. Ghanaian
Something that is Ghanaian belongs or relates to Ghana or to its people.
ADJ

2. Ghanaian Ghanaians
Ghanaians are people who are Ghanaian.

- Among the people in this area are Ghanaians and Nigerians.

N-COUNT

ghastly

[D.J.:ˈgæstli:]

[K.K.:ˈɡæstli]

adj.

极坏的, 糟透的, 极不愉快的

可怕的, 恐怖的

(脸色)苍白的, 带病容的

ghastly *

1. ghastly
If you describe someone or something as ghastly , you mean that you dislike them a lot. (INFORMAL)

- ...a mother accompanied by her ghastly unruly child.

- ...a ghastly pair of white shoes...

- This wallpaper is absolutely ghastly; we'll have to replace it.

ADJ-GRADED
= awful

2. ghastly
A ghastly experience or situation is one that you find very unpleasant, usually because it makes you unhappy or embarrassed. (INFORMAL)

- ...those of us who see shopping as a ghastly ordeal...

- It was the worst week of my life. It was ghastly.

ADJ-GRADED
= hideous

3. ghastly
Ghastly events, situations, or news involve suffering or death.

- We are appealing to them to stop this ghastly war.

- ...a particularly ghastly murder.

ADJ-GRADED
= horrendous

4. ghastly
Something that is ghastly is extremely severe in its effects.

- By 8.40 the pain started and by 9.15 it was ghastly.

- Perhaps I was making yet another ghastly mistake.

ADJ-GRADED
= awful

5. ghastly
If someone looks ghastly , they look very ill or unhappy.

- She looked ghastly, frail, thin and colourless.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= dreadful

ghastly

adjective

horrible

dreadful

frightful

gruesome

hideous

horrendous

loathsome

shocking

terrible

terrifying

ghee

[D.J.:ɡi:]

[K.K.:ɡi]

n.

酥油

ghee

ghee
Ghee is a hard fat that is obtained by heating butter made from the milk of a cow or a buffalo. Ghee is used in Indian cooking.
N-UNCOUNT

gherkin

[D.J.:ˈɡə:kin]

[K.K.:ˈɡɚkɪn]

n.

腌食用小黄瓜,嫩黄瓜

gherkin

gherkin gherkins
Gherkins are small green cucumbers that have been preserved in vinegar.
N-COUNT

ghetto

[D.J.:ˈgetəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈɡɛto]

n.

(贫穷或没有正式居民权的人所住的)贫民区, 少数民族聚居区

ghetto **

ghetto ghettos or ghettoes
A ghetto is a part of a city in which many poor people or many people of a particular race, religion, or nationality live separately from everyone else.

- ...the black ghettos of New York and Los Angeles.

- ...the gang kids who will never escape the ghetto.

N-COUNT

ghetto-blaster

ghetto-blaster ghetto-blasters
A ghetto-blaster is a large portable radio and cassette player with built-in speakers, especially one that is played loudly in public by young people. (INFORMAL) (mainly BRIT; in AM use boom box )
N-COUNT

ghost

[D.J.:ɡəust]

[K.K.:ɡost]

n.

鬼, 幽灵

ghosting

[D.J.:ˈɡəustiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡostɪŋ]

n.

重像,拖毛

ghost **

1. ghost ghosts
A ghost is the spirit of a dead person that someone believes they can see or feel.

- ...the ghost of Marie Antoinette...

- The village is haunted by the ghosts of the dead children.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. ghost ghosts
The ghost of something, especially of something bad that has happened, is the memory of it.

- The President is using the two visits to lay the ghosts of the Munich Agreement.

- ...the ghost of anti-Americanism.

N-COUNT: N of n

3. ghost
If there is a ghost of something, that thing is so faint or weak that it hardly exists.

- He gave the ghost of a smile.

- The sun was warm and there was just a ghost of a breeze from the north-west.

N-SING: N of n

4. ghost ghosts ghosting ghosted
If a book or other piece of writing is ghosted , it is written by a writer for another person, for example a politician or sportsman, who then publishes it as his or her own work.

- I published his autobiography, which was very competently ghosted by a woman journalist from the Daily Mail.

- I ghosted his weekly rugby column for the Telegraph.

VB
= ghost-write

5. ghost
If someone does not stand or does not have a ghost of a chance of doing something, they have very little chance of succeeding in it. (INFORMAL)

- He doesn't stand a ghost of a chance of selling the house.

PHR: v PHR, with neg

6. ghost
If someone gives up the ghost , they stop trying to do something because they no longer believe they can do it successfully. If a machine gives up the ghost , it stops working. (INFORMAL)

- Some firms give up the ghost before they find what they are looking for.

- The battery in my car gave up the ghost.

PHR: V inflects
= give up

ghost

noun

1.

spirit

apparition

phantom

soul

spectre

spook informal

wraith

2.

trace

glimmer

hint

possibility

semblance

shadow

suggestion

ghostliness

n.

幽灵的,朦胧的,影子似的

ghostly

[D.J.:ˈgəʊstli:]

[K.K.:ˈɡostli]

adj.

鬼似的,幽灵似的

ghostliness

n.

ghostly *

1. ghostly
Something that is ghostly seems unreal or unnatural and may be frightening because of this.

- The moon shone, shedding a ghostly light on the fields.

- ...Sonia's ghostly laughter.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. ghostly
A ghostly presence is the ghost or spirit of a dead person.

- ...the ghostly presences which haunt these islands...

- Charles is haunted by ghostly children.

ADJ: ADJ n

ghostly

adjective

supernatural

eerie

ghostlike

phantom

spectral

spooky informal

unearthly

wraithlike

ghost story

ghost story ghost stories
A ghost story is a story about ghosts.
N-COUNT

ghost town

ghost town ghost towns
A ghost town is a town which used to be busy and wealthy but is now poor and deserted.

- Mogadishu is said to be a virtual ghost town, deserted by two-thirds of its residents.

N-COUNT

ghost-write

ghost-write ghost-writes ghost-writing ghost-wrote ghost-written
If a book or other piece of writing is ghost-written , it is written by a writer for another person, for example a politician or sportsman, who then publishes it as his or her own work.

- Articles were ghost-written by company employees.

VB: usu passive also ghost write .
= ghost

ghost-writer

ghost-writer ghost-writers
A ghost-writer is someone who writes a book or other published work instead of the person who is named as the author.

- I suspect she'll be writing it herself; she doesn't need a ghost-writer.

N-COUNT

ghoul

[D.J.:ɡu:l,ɡaul]

[K.K.:ɡul]

n.

盗尸者

ghoul

1. ghoul ghouls
A ghoul is an imaginary evil spirit. Ghouls are said to steal bodies from graves and eat them.
N-COUNT

2. ghoul ghouls
If you describe someone as a ghoul , you mean that they show an unnatural interest in things such as human suffering, death, or dead bodies.
N-COUNT disapproval

ghoulish

[ˈɡu:liʃ,ˈɡauliʃ]

adj.

食尸鬼似的,残忍的

ghoulish

1. ghoulish
Ghoulish people and things show an unnatural interest in things such as human suffering, death, or dead bodies.

- They are there only to satisfy their ghoulish curiosity.

- ...the ghoulish modern passion for torture.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

2. ghoulish
Something that is ghoulish looks or behaves like a ghoul.

- ...the ghoulish apparitions at the window.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

ghoulish

adjective

macabre

disgusting

grisly

gruesome

morbid

sick informal

unwholesome

GHQ

abbr.

General headquarters 统帅部,总司令部

GHQ

abbr.

General headquarters 统帅部，总司令部

GHQ

GHQ
GHQ is used to refer to the place where the people who organize military forces or a military operation work. GHQ is an abbreviation for `General Headquarters'. (MILITARY)

- ...the dispatches he was carrying from GHQ to the Eighth Army.

N-UNCOUNT

GI

n.

美国兵，美国步兵

GI *

GI GIs
A GI is a soldier in the United States army.
N-COUNT

giant

[D.J.:ˈdʒaiənt]

[K.K.:ˈdʒaɪənt]

n.

巨人, 大力士

伟人, 卓越人物

adj.

特大的, 巨大的

giants

[ˈdʒaiənts]

n.

〈希神〉一个巨人种族(常与天上诸神作战并取胜,后来雅典娜和宙斯在海格立斯帮助下才将他们战败)

giant ***

1. giant
Something that is described as giant is much larger or more important than most others of its kind.

- ...Italy's giant car maker, Fiat.

- ...a giant oak table.

- ...a giant step towards unification with the introduction of monetary union.

ADJ: ADJ n
= huge

2. giant giants
The word giant is often used to refer to any large, successful business organization or country. (JOURNALISM)

- ...Japanese electronics giant Sony.

- ...one of Germany's industrial giants, Daimler-Benz.

N-COUNT: usu n N

3. giant giants
A giant is an imaginary person who is very big and strong, especially one mentioned in old stories.

- ...a Nordic saga of giants.

N-COUNT

4. giant giants
You can refer to someone, especially a man, as a giant , if they seem important or powerful or if they are big and strong.

- He has enormous charisma. He is a giant of a man.

- The biggest man in the patrol, a giant of a man, lifted Mattie on to his shoulders.

N-COUNT: usu a N of n

5. giant giants
You can refer to someone such as a famous musician or writer as a giant , if they are regarded as one of the most important or successful people in their field.

- ...the giant of opera, Luciano Pavarotti...

- He was without question one of the giants of Japanese literature.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

giant

noun

1.

ogre

colossus

monster

titan

adjective

2.

huge

colossal

enormous

gargantuan

gigantic

immense

mammoth

titanic

vast

giantess

[D.J.:ˈdʒaiəntes]

[K.K.:ˈdʒaɪəntɪs]

n.

女巨人

giantess

giantess giantesses
In old stories, a giantess is an imaginary woman who is very big and strong.
N-COUNT

giant-killer

giant-killer giant-killers
A giant-killer is a sportsman, sportswoman, or team that unexpectedly beats a much stronger opponent. (mainly BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- Giant-killers Yeovil became the most successful non-league club in history with their 5-2 win at Torquay.

N-COUNT also giant killer .

giant-killing

giant-killing giant-killings
In sport, when a weaker team or competitor beats a much stronger, well-known team or competitor, their success is sometimes called a giant-killing . (mainly BRIT, JOURNALISM) .

- Scarborough are aiming to pull off a repeat of their giant-killing act against Chelsea three years ago.

N-COUNT: usu N n

giant-sized

giant-sized
An object that is giant-sized is much bigger than objects of its kind usually are.

- ...a giant-sized TV.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

gibber

[D.J.:ˈdʒibə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪbɚ]

vi.

(由于害怕或震惊而)急促不清地说, 叽里咕噜地说

gibber

gibber gibbers gibbering gibbered
If you say that someone is gibbering , you mean that they are talking very fast and in a confused manner. (INFORMAL)

- Everyone is gibbering insanely, nerves frayed as showtime approaches.

- I was a gibbering wreck by this stage.

VB
= babble

gibberish

[D.J.:ˈdʒibəriʃ]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪbərɪʃ]

n.

令人费解的话, 莫名其妙的话, 胡扯

gibberish

gibberish
If you describe someone's words or ideas as gibberish , you mean that they do not make any sense.

- When he was talking to a girl he could hardly speak, and when he did speak he talked gibberish.

N-UNCOUNT
= nonsense

gibberish

noun

nonsense

babble

drivel

gobbledegook informal

mumbo jumbo

twaddle

gibbet

[D.J.:ˈdʒibit]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪbɪt]

n.

绞刑架, 绞台

vt.

处…绞刑

使当众出丑

gibbet

gibbet gibbets
A gibbet is a gallows . (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT
= gallows

gibbon

[D.J.:ˈɡibən]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪbən]

n.

长臂猿

gibbon

gibbon gibbons
A gibbon is an ape with very long arms and no tail that lives in southern Asia.
N-COUNT

giblets

[D.J.:ˈdʒiblits]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪblɪts]

n.

残余物

giblets

giblets
Giblets are the parts such as the heart and liver that you remove from inside a chicken or other bird before you cook and eat it. Some people cook the giblets separately to make soup or a sauce.
N-PLURAL

giddiness

n.

眼花,轻率

giddy

[D.J.:ˈgɪdi:]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪdi]

adj.

眩晕的,头晕的;令人眩晕的,令人头晕的

轻浮的,不稳重的,轻率的

giddiness

n.

眩晕

giddy *

1. giddy giddier giddiest
If you feel giddy , you feel unsteady and think that you are about to fall over, usually because you are not well.

- He felt giddy and light-headed.

ADJ-GRADED
= dizzy

2. giddiness

- A wave of giddiness swept over her.

N-UNCOUNT

3. giddy giddier giddiest
If you feel giddy with delight or excitement, you feel so happy or excited that you find it hard to think or act normally.

- Anthony was giddy with self-satisfaction.

- Being there gave me a giddy pleasure.

ADJ-GRADED

4. giddiness

- There's almost a giddiness surrounding the talks in Houston.

N-UNCOUNT

giddiness

noun

dizziness

faintness

light-headedness

vertigo

giddy

adjective

dizzy

dizzying

faint

light-headed

reeling

unsteady

vertiginous

gift

[D.J.:ɡift]

[K.K.:ɡɪft]

n.

礼物, 赠品

天赋, 天才

gift ***

1. gift gifts
A gift is something that you give someone as a present.

- ...a gift of $50.00...

- They believed the unborn child was a gift from God.

- ...gift shops.

N-COUNT

2. gift gifts
If someone has a gift for doing something, they have a natural ability for doing it.

- As a youth he discovered a gift for teaching.

- Her grandmother had the gift of making people happy.

N-COUNT: oft N for/of -ing/n

gift

noun

1.

donation

bequest

bonus

contribution

grant

hand-out

legacy

offering

present

2.

talent

ability

capability

capacity

flair

genius

knack

power

gifted

[D.J.:ˈgɪftɪd]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪftɪd]

adj.

有天赋的,有才华的

gifted *

1. gifted
Someone who is gifted has a natural ability to do something well.

- ...one of the most gifted players in the world...

- He was witty, amusing and gifted with a sharp business brain.

ADJ-GRADED
= talented

2. gifted
A gifted child is much more intelligent or talented than average.

- ...a state program for gifted children.

ADJ-GRADED

gifted

adjective

talented

able

accomplished

brilliant

capable

clever

expert

ingenious

masterly

skilled

gift-wrapped

gift-wrapped
A gift-wrapped present is wrapped in pretty paper.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

gig

[ɡiɡ]

n.

演奏会, 演唱会, 特约演奏或演唱

爵士乐演奏会的安排

gig **

1. gig gigs
A gig is a live performance by someone such as a musician or a comedian. (INFORMAL)

- The two bands join forces for a gig at the Sheffield Arena on November 28.

- He supplemented his income with occasional comedy gigs.

N-COUNT
= show

2. gig gigs gigging gigged
When musicians or other performers gig , they perform live in public. (INFORMAL)

- By the time he was 15, Scott had gigged with a handful of well-known small bands.

- ...ten years of gigging in bars and clubs all over Kentucky.

VB
= perform

gigabyte

[D.J.:ˈdʒɪgəˌbaɪt, ˈgɪg-]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪɡəˌbaɪt, ˈɡɪɡ-]

n.

十亿字节(giga-为字首,意为“十亿”)

gigabyte

gigabyte gigabytes
In computing, a gigabyte is one thousand and twenty-four megabytes.
N-COUNT

gigantic

[D.J.:dʒaiˈɡæntik]

[K.K.:dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk]

adj.

巨大的, 庞大的

gigantic *

gigantic
If you describe something as gigantic , you are emphasizing that it is extremely large in size, amount, or degree. (INFORMAL)

- In Red Rock Valley the road is bordered by gigantic rocks.

- A gigantic task of national reconstruction awaits us.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= colossal

gigantic

adjective

enormous

colossal

giant

huge

immense

mammoth

stupendous

titanic

tremendous

giggle

[D.J.:ˈɡiɡl]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪɡəl]

n.

咯咯的笑, 傻笑

〈英·非正〉玩笑, 可笑的事

vi.

咯咯地笑

giggle **

1. giggle giggles giggling giggled
If someone giggles , they laugh in a childlike way, because they are amused, nervous, or embarrassed.

- Both girls began to giggle.

- `I beg your pardon?' she giggled.

- ...a giggling little girl.

VB
= titter

2. giggle giggles
Also a noun.

- She gave a little giggle.

N-COUNT

3. giggle giggles
If you say that someone has the giggles , you mean they cannot stop giggling.

- I was so nervous I got the giggles.

- She had a fit of the giggles.

N-PLURAL: the N

4. giggle
If you say that something is a giggle , you mean it is fun or is amusing. (INFORMAL, mainly BRIT)

- I might buy one for a friend's birthday as a giggle.

N-SING: a N

giggle

noun

laugh

cackle

chortle

chuckle

snigger

titter

twitter

giggly

[ˈɡiɡli]

adj.

傻笑的,吃吃笑的

giggly

giggly
Someone who is giggly keeps laughing in a childlike way, because they are amused, nervous, or drunk.

- Ray was very giggly and joking all the time.

- ...giggly girls.

ADJ-GRADED

gigolo

[D.J.:ˈdʒiɡələu]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪɡəˌlo, ˈʒɪɡ-]

n.

舞男,靠女人生活的男人

gigolo

gigolo gigolos
A gigolo is a man who is paid to be the lover of a rich and usually older woman.
N-COUNT: usu sing disapproval

gild

[D.J.:gɪld]

[K.K.:ɡɪld]

vt.

把…镀金;给…上金色, 使有金子般的色彩

gild the lily

作多余的修饰(反而破坏原已完美的东西)；画蛇添足

gilded

[D.J.:ˈgɪldɪd]

adj.

镀金的, 涂上金色的

装饰的, 贴以金箔的

有钱的, 阔气的

gilding

[D.J.:ˈɡildiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪldɪŋ]

n.

贴金箔,镀金

gild *

1. gild gilds gilding gilded
If you gild a surface, you cover it in a thin layer of gold or gold paint.

- Carve the names and gild them.

- ...gilded statues.

VB

2. gild
If you say that someone is gilding the lily , you mean that they are spoiling something that is already beautiful or perfect by trying to improve it or by praising it too highly.

- Gilding the lily of what is basically a romantic comedy, the director falls a little short of his best mark.

PHR: V inflects

gilding

gilding
Gilding is a layer of gold or gold paint that is put on something.

- The gilding is extremely lavish.

N-UNCOUNT

gild

verb

embellish

adorn

beautify

brighten

coat

dress up

embroider

enhance

ornament

gill

[D.J.:gɪl]

[K.K.:ɡɪl]

n.

(鱼等的)鳃

菌褶

(人的)腮下肉

及耳

深谷,峡谷

gills

肋片;鱼鳞板;可控的散热瓣;可控散热瓣

gill

gill gills
Gills are the organs on the sides of fish and other water creatures through which they breathe.
N-COUNT: usu pl

gilt

[D.J.:gɪlt]

[K.K.:ɡɪlt]

n.

镀金〔银〕材料, 金〔银〕色涂层

高度可靠的证券, 金边证券

take the gilt off the gingerbread

除去诱人的外表；让人扫兴；煞风景

gilts

金边债券

gilt **

1. gilt
A gilt object is covered with a thin layer of gold or gold paint.

- ...marble columns and gilt spires.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. gilt gilts
Gilts are gilt-edged stocks or securities. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

gilt-edged

[D.J.:ˈgɪltˌedʒd]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪltˌɛdʒd]

adj.

金边的,最上等的

gilt-edged

gilt-edged
Gilt-edged stocks or securities are issued by the government for people to invest in for a fixed period of time at a fixed rate of interest. (BRIT)
ADJ: ADJ n
= gilts

gimlet

[D.J.:ˈɡimlit]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪmlɪt]

n.

手钻

adj.

有钻孔能力的

v.

用手钻钻

gimlet

gimlet
If you say that someone has gimlet eyes, you mean that they look at people or things very carefully, and seem to notice every detail. (WRITTEN)

- `Have you read the whole book?' she asks, gimlet-eyed.

ADJ: ADJ n

gimme

[D.J.:ˈɡimi]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪmi]

n.

〈口〉给我(或把它给我)

gimme

Gimme is sometimes used in written English to represent the words `give me' when they are pronounced informally.

- `Gimme a break, kid! You know how much those things cost?'

gimmick

[D.J.:ˈgɪmɪk]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪmɪk]

n.

花招,诡计,骗人的玩意儿

gimmicky

adj.

诡计的,骗人的

gimmicky

[ˈɡimiki]

adj.

巧妙手法的

gimmick *

gimmick gimmicks
A gimmick is an unusual and unnecessary feature or action whose purpose is to attract attention or publicity.

- It is just a public relations gimmick.

- The exhibition is informative, up to date, and mercifully free of gimmicks.

N-COUNT disapproval

gimmick

noun

stunt

contrivance

device

dodge

ploy

scheme

gimmickry

[D.J.:ˈɡimikri]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪmɪkri]

n.

花招;伎俩

gimmickry

gimmickry
If you describe features or actions as gimmickry , you mean they are not necessary or useful, and their only purpose is to attract attention or publicity.

- Privatisation and gimmickry are not the answer to improving Britain's rail service.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

gimmicky

gimmicky
If you describe something as gimmicky , you think it has features which are not necessary or useful, and whose only purpose is to attract attention or publicity. (INFORMAL)

- The campaign was gimmicky, but it had a serious side to it.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

gin

[D.J.:dʒɪn]

[K.K.:dʒɪn]

n.

杜松子酒, 荷兰酒

gin *

1. gin gins
Gin is a strong colourless alcoholic drink made from grain and juniper berries.
N-MASS

2. gin gins
A gin is a glass of gin.

- ...another gin and tonic.

N-COUNT

ginger

[D.J.:ˈdʒindʒə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪndʒɚ]

n.

姜, 生姜

ginger *

1. ginger
Ginger is the root of a plant that is used to flavour food. It has a sweet spicy flavour and is often sold in powdered form.
N-UNCOUNT

2. ginger
Ginger is used to describe things that are orangey-brown in colour.

- She was a mature lady with dyed ginger hair.

COLOUR

ginger ale

1. ginger ale ginger ales
Ginger ale is a fizzy non-alcoholic drink flavoured with ginger, which is often mixed with an alcoholic drink.

- I live mostly on coffee and ginger ale.

N-MASS

2. ginger ale ginger ales
A glass of ginger ale can be referred to as a ginger ale .
N-COUNT

ginger beer

1. ginger beer ginger beers
Ginger beer is a fizzy drink that is made from syrup and ginger and is sometimes slightly alcoholic.
N-MASS

2. ginger beer ginger beers
A glass of ginger beer can be referred to as a ginger beer .
N-COUNT

gingerbread

[D.J.:ˈdʒindʒəbred]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪndʒɚˌbrɛd]

n.

华而不实的东西,姜饼

adj.

华而不实的

gingerbread

gingerbread
Gingerbread is a sweet biscuit or cookie that is flavoured with ginger. It is often made in the shape of a man or an animal.
N-UNCOUNT

ginger group

ginger group ginger groups
A ginger group is a group of people who have similar ideas and who work together, especially within a larger organization, to try to persuade others to accept their ideas. (BRIT)

- ...the Democratic Platform, the radical ginger group in the party...

- I set up a ginger group on the environment.

N-COUNT: usu sing

gingerly

[D.J.:ˈdʒɪndʒəli:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪndʒəli]

adv.

小心谨慎地, 战战兢兢地

adj.

小心的, 谨慎的

gingerly *

gingerly
If you do something gingerly , you do it in a careful manner, usually because you expect it to be dangerous, unpleasant, or painful. (WRITTEN)

- She was touching the dressing gingerly with both hands.

- I drove gingerly past the security check points.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= cautiously

gingerly

adverb

cautiously

carefully

charily

circumspectly

hesitantly

reluctantly

suspiciously

timidly

warily

gingery

[ˈdʒindʒəri]

adj.

姜味的

gingery

gingery
Something, especially hair, that is gingery is slightly ginger in colour.
ADJ-GRADED

gingham

[D.J.:ˈɡiŋəm]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪŋəm]

n.

有条纹或方格纹的棉布,洋伞

gingham

gingham
Gingham is cotton cloth which has a woven pattern of small squares, usually in white and one other colour.

- ...a gingham apron.

- ...gingham check shorts.

N-UNCOUNT

ginseng

[D.J.:ˈdʒinseŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪnˌsɛŋ]

n.

人参,高丽参

ginseng

ginseng
Ginseng is the root of a plant found in China, Korea, and America which some people believe is good for your health.
N-UNCOUNT

giraffe

[D.J.:dʒəˈræf]

[K.K.:dʒəˈræf]

n.

长颈鹿

giraffe

giraffe giraffes
A giraffe is a large African animal with a very long neck, long legs, and dark patches on its body.
N-COUNT

gird

[D.J.:ɡə:d]

[K.K.:ɡɚd]

v.

束缚

girding

横拖

gird

gird girds girding girded
If you gird yourself for a battle or contest, you prepare yourself for it. (LITERARY)

- Washington has girded itself for terrorist retaliation.

VB
to gird your loins : see loin .

gird

verb

surround

encircle

enclose

encompass

enfold

hem in

ring

girder

[D.J.:ˈgɜ:də]

[K.K.:ˈɡə..dɚ]

n.

大梁

girder

girder girders
A girder is a long, thick piece of steel or iron that is used in the framework of buildings and bridges.
N-COUNT

girdle

[D.J.:ˈgɜ:dl]

[K.K.:ˈɡə..dl..]

n.

腰带

妇女紧身褡

环形物, 围绕物

(支持四肢的)带, 肢带骨

vt.

围绕, 包围

girdled

有环带的,环绕的

girdling

[ˈɡə:dliŋ]

n.

束腰

girdle

1. girdle girdles
A girdle is a piece of women's underwear that fits tightly around the stomach and hips.
N-COUNT

2. girdle girdles girdling girdled
If one thing girdles another, it surrounds it. (LITERARY)

- Weather satellites have observed a ring of volcanic ash girdling the earth.

- The old town centre is girdled by a boulevard lined with trees.

VB

girdle

noun

1.

belt

band

cummerbund

sash

waistband

verb

2.

surround

bound

encircle

enclose

encompass

gird

ring

girl

[D.J.:ɡə:l]

[K.K.:ɡɚl]

n.

女孩, 少女

女儿

girl *****

1. girl girls
A girl is a female child.

- ...an eleven year old girl...

- I must have been a horrid little girl.

N-COUNT

2. girl girls
You can refer to someone's daughter as a girl .

- We had a little girl.

N-COUNT

3. girl girls
Young women are often referred to as girls . This use could cause offence.

- ...a pretty twenty-year old girl.

N-COUNT

4. girl girls
Some people refer to a man's girlfriend as his girl . (INFORMAL)

- I've been with my girl for nine years.

N-COUNT

girl

noun

female child

damsel archaic

daughter

lass

lassie informal

maid archaic

maiden archaic

miss

girlfriend

[D.J.:ˈgɜ:lˌfrend]

[K.K.:ˈɡə..lˌfrɛnd]

n.

女朋友

女情人

女伴

girlfriend **

1. girlfriend girlfriends
Someone's girlfriend is a girl or woman with whom they are having a romantic or sexual relationship.

- He had been going out with his girlfriend for seven months.

- Has he got a girlfriend?

N-COUNT: oft poss N

2. girlfriend girlfriends
A girlfriend is a female friend.

- I met a girlfriend for lunch.

N-COUNT

Girl Guide

1. Girl Guide
In Britain, the Guides used to be called the Girl Guides .
N-PROPER-COLL: the N also girl guide .

2. Girl Guide Girl Guides
In Britain, a Girl Guide was a girl who was a member of the Girl Guides.
N-COUNT also girl guide .
= Guide

girlhood

[D.J.:ˈ gɜ:lhʊd]

[K.K.:ˈɡə..lhʊd]

n.

少女时代,少女时期

(总称)少女们

girlhood

girlhood
Girlhood is the period of a female person's life during which she is a girl.

- Even in her girlhood her friends had nicknamed her `the immodest Violet'.

- Her girlhood dream had been to study painting.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N

girlie

[D.J.:ˈgɜ:lɪ]

adj.

<非正>(杂志或图片)以表现裸体女子为特色的

girlie

1. girlie
Girlie magazines or calendars show photographs of naked or almost naked women which are intended to please men. (INFORMAL)
ADJ: ADJ n also girly .

2. girlie
Girlie things are suitable for girls or women rather than men or boys. (INFORMAL)

- She swapped her plain suit for an absurdly girlie dress.

- I'm a very girlie person while Polly is one of the lads.

ADJ also girly . disapproval

3. girlie girlies
Some people refer to women as girlies , especially when they think they are not as intelligent or able as men. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- They think we're just a bunch of girlies who don't know what we're doing.

N-COUNT also girly . disapproval

girlish

[D.J.:ˈgɜ:lɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈɡə..lɪʃ]

adj.

女孩子(似)的,少女的

girlishly

adv.

女孩般地,少女般地

girlish

girlish
If you describe a woman as girlish , you mean she behaves, looks, or sounds like a young girl, for example because she is shy, excited, or lively.

- She gave a little girlish giggle.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

Girl Scout

1. Girl Scout
In the United States, the Girl Scouts is an organization similar to the Guides .
N-PROPER-COLL: the N

2. Girl Scout Girl Scouts
In the United States, a Girl Scout is a girl who is a member of the Girl Scouts.
N-COUNT

giro

[ˈdʒairəu]

n.

银行[邮局]直接转账(电脑)系统

giro

1. giro giros
In Britain, a giro or a giro cheque is a cheque that is given by the government to a person who is unemployed or ill.

- He lived on an invalidity pension which came as a weekly giro.

N-COUNT also Giro .

2. giro
Giro is a system in which banks and post offices transfer money directly from one bank account to another using computers. (BRIT)

- There will be no further costs as long as the bank is part of the giro network.

N-UNCOUNT also Giro .

girth

[D.J.:ɡə:θ]

[K.K.:ɡɚθ]

n.

周长,(马等的)肚带,腰身

v.

以带束缚,围绕,包围,围长为

girth

1. girth girths
The girth of an object, for example a person's or an animal's body, is its width or thickness, considered as the measurement around its circumference. (FORMAL)

- A girl he knew had upset him by commenting on his increasing girth.

N-VAR: with supp, oft poss N

2. girth girths
A girth is a leather strap which is fastened firmly around the middle of a horse to keep the saddle or load in the right place.
N-COUNT

girth

noun

circumference

bulk

measure

size

gist

[D.J.:dʒɪst]

[K.K.:dʒɪst]

n.

要点, 主旨

gist

gist
The gist of a speech, conversation, or piece of writing is its general meaning.

- He related the gist of his conversation to Naseby.

N-SING: the N of n

gist

noun

point

core

essence

force

idea

meaning

sense

significance

substance

git

[D.J.:ɡit]

[K.K.:ɡɪt]

n.

饭桶,无用的人

git

git gits
If you refer to another person as a git , you mean you dislike them and find them annoying. (BRIT, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT: usu adj N disapproval

give away *****

1. give away gives away; giving away; gave away; given away
If you give away something that you own, you give it to someone, rather than selling it, often because you no longer want it.

- He was giving his collection away for nothing.

- We have six copies of the book to give away.

PHR-V
≠ keep

2. give away gives away; giving away; gave away; given away
If someone gives away an advantage, they accidentally cause their opponent or enemy to have that advantage.

- We gave away a silly goal.

- Military advantages should not be given away.

PHR-V
= concede

3. give away gives away; giving away; gave away; given away
If you give away information that should be kept secret, you reveal it to other people.

- She would give nothing away.

- They felt like they were giving away company secrets.

PHR-V
= divulge

4. give away gives away; giving away; gave away; given away
To give someone or something away means to show their true nature or identity, which is not obvious.

- Although they are pretending hard to be young, grey hair and cellulite give them away.

- I was never tempted for a moment to give her away.

PHR-V
= betray

5. give away gives away; giving away; gave away; given away
In a Christian wedding ceremony, if someone gives the bride away , they officially present her to her husband. This is traditionally done by the bride's father.
PHR-V: V n P

give away

verb

reveal

betray

disclose

divulge

expose

leak

let out

let slip

uncover

give back *****

give back gives back; giving back; gave back; given back
If you give something back , you return it to the person who gave it to you.

- I gave the textbook back to him.

- You gave me back the projector.

- I gave it back politely.

PHR-V

give in *****

1. give in gives in; giving in; gave in; given in
If you give in , you admit that you are defeated or that you cannot do something.

- All right. I give in. What did you do with the ship?

PHR-V

2. give in gives in; giving in; gave in; given in
If you give in , you agree to do something that you do not want to do.

- I pressed my parents until they finally gave in and registered me for skating classes.

- Officials say they won't give in to the workers' demands.

PHR-V

give in

verb

admit defeat

capitulate

collapse

concede

quit

submit

succumb

surrender

yield

give off, give out *****

give off gives off; giving off; gave off; given off
If something gives off or gives out a gas, heat, or a smell, it produces it and sends it out into the air.

- ...natural gas, which gives off less carbon dioxide than coal...

- Substances such as ammonia give out heat when they dissolve.

PHR-V
= emit

give out *****

1. give out gives out; giving out; gave out; given out
If you give out a number of things, you distribute them among a group of people.

- There were people at the entrance giving out leaflets.

PHR-V

2. give out gives out; giving out; gave out; given out
If you give out information, you make it known to people.

- He wouldn't give out any information.

- How often do you give your phone number out?

PHR-V

3. give out gives out; giving out; gave out; given out
If a piece of equipment or part of the body gives out , it stops working.

- All machines give out eventually.

- One of his lungs gave out entirely.

PHR-V

4. give out gives out; giving out; gave out; given out
If you give out something such as a scream or a sigh, you sigh, scream, or make some other sound. (WRITTEN)

- He gave out a scream of pain.

PHR-V
= let out

give off

verb

emit

discharge

exude

produce

release

send out

throw out

give out

verb

emit

discharge

exude

produce

release

send out

throw out

give over *****

give over gives over; giving over; gave over; given over
If you tell someone to give over , you are telling them to stop doing something, usually because they are annoying you. (INFORMAL)

- Tell him to give over.

- She gave over teasing and grinned at him.

PHR-V

give over to, give up to *****

give over gives over; giving over; gave over; given over
If something is given over or given up to a particular use, it is used entirely for that purpose.

- Much of the garden was given over to vegetables.

- One third of their entire site is given up to a water-purification plant.

PHR-V: usu passive

give up *****

1. give up gives up; giving up; gave up; given up
If you give up something, you stop doing it or having it.

- Coastguards had given up all hope of finding the two divers alive.

- ...smokers who give up before 30.

PHR-V

2. give up gives up; giving up; gave up; given up
If you give up , you decide that you cannot do something and stop trying to do it.

- After a fruitless morning sitting at his desk he had given up.

PHR-V

3. give up gives up; giving up; gave up; given up
If you give up your job, you resign from it.

- She gave up her job to join her husband's campaign.

- He is thinking of giving up teaching.

PHR-V

4. give up gives up; giving up; gave up; given up
If you give up something that you have or that you are entitled to, you allow someone else to have it.

- Georgia refuses to give up any territory.

- One of the men with him gave up his place on the bench.

PHR-V

5. give up gives up; giving up; gave up; given up
If you give yourself up , you let the police or other people know where you are, after you have been hiding from them.

- A 28-year-old man later gave himself up and will appear in court today.

PHR-V

give up on *****

give up gives up; giving up; gave up; given up
If you give up on something or someone, you decide that you will never succeed in doing what you want to with them, and you stop trying to.

- He urged them not to give up on peace efforts.

- My teachers gave up on me.

PHR-V

give up

verb

abandon

call it a day or night

cease

desist

leave off

quit

relinquish

renounce

stop

surrender

giveaway

[D.J.:ˈɡivəwei]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪvəˌwe]

n.

泄漏,免费样品

giveaway *

1. giveaway
A giveaway is something that makes you realize the truth about a particular person or situation.

- The only giveaway was the look of amusement in her eyes.

N-SING also give-away .

2. giveaway giveaways
A giveaway is something that a company or organization gives to someone, usually in order to encourage people to buy a particular product.

- Next week TODAY is celebrating with a great giveaway of FREE garden seeds.

N-COUNT also give-away .

3. giveaway
When you talk about giveaway prices, you are emphasizing that the prices are very low.

- Wine and food of superlative quality are available everywhere at giveaway prices.

ADJ: ADJ n also give-away . emphasis

given name

given name given names
A given name is a person's first name, which they are given at birth in addition to their surname. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT: oft with poss
= first name

giver

[D.J.:ˈɡivə]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪvɚ]

n.

送礼者

giver *

1. giver givers
You can refer to a person or organization that gives or supplies a particular thing as a giver of that thing.

- Germany is the largest giver of aid among the wealthy countries of the West.

- ...a complex social ritual that says a lot about both the giver and the receiver.

N-COUNT

2. giver
Also a combining form.

- If the money-givers do not have specific projects in view, they can sponsor a writing prize, perhaps, or a new recording studio.

COMB in N-COUNT

gizmo

[D.J.:ˈgɪzməʊ]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪzmo]

n.

小发明

gizmo

gizmo gizmos
A gizmo is a device or small machine which performs a particular task, usually in a new and efficient way. People often use gizmo to refer to a device or machine when they do not know what it is really called. (INFORMAL)

- ...a plastic gizmo for holding a coffee cup on the dashboard.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

glac´e

glac´e
Glac´e fruits are fruits that have been preserved in a thick sugary syrup and then dried.

- Use pieces of glac´e cherry and chopped nuts to decorate.

ADJ: ADJ n
= candied

glacial

[D.J.:ˈɡleisjəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡleʃəl]

adj.

〈地〉冰的, 冰河[川]的

冰河期的

极冷的

glacial *

1. glacial
Glacial means relating to or produced by glaciers or ice. (TECHNICAL)

- ...a true glacial landscape with U-shaped valleys.

- ...rising sea levels at the end of the last glacial period.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. glacial
If you say that a person, action, or atmosphere is glacial , you mean that they are very unfriendly or hostile.

- The Duchess's glare was glacial.

- Inside the jeep the atmosphere was glacial.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= cold icy

3. glacial
If you say that something moves or changes at a glacial pace, you are emphasizing that it moves or changes very slowly.

- Change occurs at a glacial pace.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis

4. glacial
If you describe someone, usually a woman, as glacial , you mean they are very beautiful and elegant, but do not show their feelings.

- Her glacial beauty is magnetic.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

glaciation

[ˌɡlæsiˈeiʃən]

n.

冻结成冰,冰河作用

glaciation

glaciation glaciations
In geology, glaciation is the process by which the land is covered by glaciers. Glaciations are periods when this happens. (TECHNICAL)
N-VAR

glacier

[D.J.:ˈɡlæsjə]

[K.K.:ˈɡleʃɚ]

n.

冰河, 冰川

glacier *

glacier glaciers
A glacier is an extremely large mass of ice which moves very slowly, often down a mountain valley.
N-COUNT

glad

[D.J.:ɡlæd]

[K.K.:ɡlæd]

adj.

高兴的, 欢喜的

使人高兴的, 令人快乐的

乐意的, 情愿的

gladly

[D.J.:ˈ glædlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡlædlɪ]

adv.

高兴地,乐意地;欣然

gladness

n.

欢乐,喜悦,欢喜

glad ***

1. glad
If you are glad about something, you are happy and pleased about it.

- I'm glad I relented in the end.

- The people seem genuinely glad to see you.

- I ought to be glad about what happened.

- I'd be glad if the boys slept a little longer so I could do some ironing.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ that, ADJ to-inf, ADJ of/about n

2. gladly

- Mallarm´e gladly accepted the invitation.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. gladness

- ...a night of joy and gladness, of sorrow and recollection.

N-UNCOUNT

4. glad
If you say that you will be glad to do something, usually for someone else, you mean that you are willing and eager to do it.

- I'll be glad to show you everything.

- We should be glad to answer any questions.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to-inf feelings
= happy

5. gladly

- The counselors will gladly baby-sit during their free time.

ADV: ADV with v

6. glad
Glad tidings means good news. (LITERARY)

- ...the bringer of glad tidings.

PHR

glad

adjective

1.

happy

contented

delighted

gratified

joyful

overjoyed

pleased

2.

pleasing

cheerful

cheering

gratifying

pleasant

gladly

adverb

happily

cheerfully

freely

gleefully

readily

willingly

with pleasure

gladness

noun

happiness

cheerfulness

delight

gaiety

glee

high spirits

joy

mirth

pleasure

gladden

[D.J.:ˈglædn]

[K.K.:ˈɡlædn..]

vt.

使高兴,使快乐

gladden

1. gladden
If you say that something gladdens someone's heart , you mean that it makes them feel pleased and hopeful. (WRITTEN)

- ...a conclusion that should gladden the hearts of all animal-rights activists.

PHR: V and N inflect

2. gladden gladdens gladdening gladdened
If something gladdens you, it makes you feel happy and pleased. (LITERARY)

- Charles's visit surprised him and gladdened him.

VB
≠ sadden

gladden

verb

please

cheer

delight

gratify

hearten

glade

[D.J.:gleɪd]

[K.K.:ɡled]

n.

林中空地

glade

glade glades
A glade is a grassy space without trees in a wood or forest. (LITERARY)

- ...a woodland glade.

N-COUNT
= clearing

gladiator

[D.J.:ˈglædi:ˌeɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈɡlædiˌetɚ]

n.

<史>斗剑士,格斗士

gladiatorial

adj.

gladiatorial

[ɡlædiəˈtɔ:riəl]

adj.

斗剑者的,争论的

gladiator

1. gladiator gladiators
In the time of the Roman Empire, a gladiator was a man who had to fight against other men or wild animals in order to entertain an audience.
N-COUNT

2. gladiator gladiators
You can refer to a sports player or a performer as a gladiator in order to emphasize how brave or dangerous their actions are. (JOURNALISM)

- As the gladiators rolled away from the starting gates, a gasp went up when the Scottish cyclist's left foot clicked out of the pedal.

N-COUNT emphasis

gladiolus

[D.J.:ˌɡlædiˈəuləs]

[K.K.:ˌɡlædiˈoləs]

n.

剑兰,唐菖蒲

gladiolus

gladiolus gladioli.
A gladiolus is a type of plant with long thin leaves and several large brightly coloured flowers.
N-COUNT

glad rags

glad rags
You can refer to clothes that you wear to parties and other special occasions as your glad rags . (INFORMAL)
N-PLURAL

glam

glam
Glam is short for glamorous. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She was always glam. She looked like a star.

ADJ-GRADED

glamorize

[D.J.:ˈglæməˌraɪz]

[K.K.:ˈɡlæməˌraɪz]

vt.

粉饰;渲染

glamorize

glamorize glamorizes glamorizing glamorized
If someone glamorizes something, they make it look or seem more attractive than it really is, especially in a film, book, or programme.

- Filmmakers have often been accused of glamorizing organized crime.

- ...a glamorised view of the past.

VB (BRIT) also glamorise disapproval

glamorous

[D.J.:ˈglæmərəs]

[K.K.:ˈɡlæmərəs]

adj.

富有魅力的;迷人的

glamorous **

glamorous
If you describe someone or something as glamorous , you mean that they are more attractive, exciting, or interesting than ordinary people or things.

- ...some of the world's most beautiful and glamorous women...

- The south coast is less glamorous but full of clean and attractive hotels.

ADJ-GRADED

glamorous

adjective

elegant

attractive

dazzling

exciting

fascinating

glittering

glossy

prestigious

smart

glamour

[D.J.:ˈɡlæmə]

[K.K.:ˈɡlæmɚ]

n.

魅力, 诱惑力

glamour **

glamour
Glamour is the quality of being more attractive, exciting, or interesting than ordinary people or things.

- ...the glamour of show biz.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) also glamor
= glitter

glamour

noun

charm

allure

appeal

attraction

beauty

enchantment

fascination

prestige

glance

[D.J.:ɡlɑ:ns]

[K.K.:ɡlæns]

vi.

一瞥, 扫视; 略视

闪耀, 闪光

n.

一瞥, 瞥视

闪光

滑过, 掠过

glancing

[D.J.:ˈɡlɑ:nsiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡlænsɪŋ]

adj.

粗略的

glance ***

1. glance glances glancing glanced
If you glance at something or someone, you look at them very quickly and then look away again immediately.

- He glanced at his watch.

- I glanced back.

VB

2. glance glances glancing glanced
If you glance through or at a newspaper, report, or book, you spend a short time looking at it without reading it very carefully.

- I picked up the phone book and glanced through it.

- I never even glanced at the political page of a daily paper.

VB

3. glance glances
A glance is a quick look at someone or something.

- Trevor and I exchanged a glance.

- ...stealing a quick glance at her watch.

N-COUNT

4. glance
If you see something at a glance , you see or recognize it immediately, and without having to think or look carefully.

- One could tell at a glance that she was a compassionate person.

PHR

5. glance
If you say that something is true or seems to be true at first glance , you mean that it seems to be true when you first see it or think about it, but that your first impression may be wrong.

- At first glance, organic farming looks much more expensive for the farmer.

PHR: PHR with cl

6. glance
If you steal a glance at someone or something, you look at them quickly so that nobody sees you looking.

- He stole a glance at the clock behind her.

PHR: V and N inflect, oft PHR at n

glancing

glancing
A glancing blow is one that hits something at an angle rather than from directly in front.

- The car struck him a glancing blow on the forehead.

ADJ: ADJ n

glance

verb

1.

look

glimpse

peek

peep

scan

view

2.

gleam

flash

glimmer

glint

glisten

glitter

reflect

shimmer

shine

twinkle

noun

3.

look

dekko slang

glimpse

peek

peep

view

glance off ***

glance off glances off; glancing off; glanced off
If an object glances off something, it hits it at an angle and bounces away in another direction.

- My fist glanced off his jaw.

PHR-V

gland

[D.J.:ɡlænd]

[K.K.:ɡlænd]

n.

〈解〉腺

glands

气封

gland **

gland glands
A gland is an organ in the body which produces chemical substances for the body to use or get rid of.

- ...the hormones secreted by our endocrine glands.

- ...sweat glands.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

glandular

[D.J.:ˈɡlændjulə]

[K.K.:ˈɡlændʒəlɚ]

adj.

腺(状)的,起腺体功能的,有腺的

glandular

glandular
Glandular means relating to or affecting your glands. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the amount of fat and glandular tissue in the breasts.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

glandular fever

glandular fever
Glandular fever is a disease which causes swollen glands, fever, and a sore throat. (mainly BRIT; in AM use mononucleosis )
N-UNCOUNT

glare

[D.J.:ɡlɛə]

[K.K.:ɡlɛr]

vt. & vi.

怒目而视

vi.

发强光

n.

强光

怒视, 瞪眼

炫耀, 张扬

glaring

[D.J.:ˈgleərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡlɛrɪŋ]

adj.

(光)耀眼的,刺目的

(颜色)过分鲜艳的

(坏事物) 显眼的,易见的

glaringly

adv.

显而易见地

glaringly

adv.

耀目地,显目地

glare **

1. glare glares glaring glared
If you glare at someone, you look at them with an angry expression on your face.

- The old woman glared at him.

- Jacob glared and muttered something.

- ...glaring eyes.

VB

2. glare glares
A glare is an angry, hard, and unfriendly look.

- His glasses magnified his irritable glare.

N-COUNT

3. glare glares glaring glared
If the sun or a light glares , it shines with a very bright light which is difficult to look at.

- The sunlight glared.

- ...glaring searchlight beams.

VB

4. glare
Glare is very bright light that is difficult to look at.

- ...the glare of a car's headlights...

- Special-purpose glasses reduce glare.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

5. glare
If someone is in the glare of publicity or public attention, they are constantly being watched and talked about by a lot of people.

- Norma is said to dislike the glare of publicity.

- She attacked police in the full glare of TV cameras.

N-SING: the N of n

glaring *

1. glaring
If you describe something bad as glaring , you are emphasizing that it is very obvious and easily seen or noticed.

- I never saw such a glaring example of misrepresentation.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis
= blatant

2. glaringly

- It was glaringly obvious.

- He told a glaringly different story.

ADV-GRADED
See also glare .

glare

verb

1.

scowl

frown

glower

look daggers

lour or lower

2.

dazzle

blaze

flame

flare

noun

3.

scowl

black look

dirty look

frown

glower

lour or lower

4.

dazzle

blaze

brilliance

flame

glow

glaring

adjective

1.

conspicuous

blatant

flagrant

gross

manifest

obvious

outrageous

unconcealed

2.

dazzling

blazing

bright

garish

glowing

glasnost

[D.J.:ˈglɑ:snəst, -nɔ:st]

[K.K.:ˈɡlɑsnəst, -nɔst]

n.

公开性,公开化

glasnost *

glasnost
Glasnost is a policy of making a government more open and democratic. The word glasnost was originally used to describe the policies of President Gorbachev in the former Soviet Union in the 1980s.
N-UNCOUNT

glass

[D.J.:ɡlɑ:s]

[K.K.:ɡlæs]

n.

玻璃

玻璃器皿

玻璃杯

一杯之量

眼镜

镜子

glasses

[D.J.:ˈ gl ɑ:sɪz]

[K.K.:ˈɡlæsɪz]

n.

眼镜

双筒望远镜

glass ****

1. glass
Glass is a hard transparent substance that is used to make things such as windows and bottles.

- ...a pane of glass.

- ...a sliding glass door.

N-UNCOUNT

2. glass glasses
A glass is a container made from glass, which you can drink from and which does not have a handle.

- Grossman raised the glass to his lips.

N-COUNT

3. glass glasses
The contents of a glass can be referred to as a glass of something.

- ...a glass of milk.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

4. glass
Glass is used to mean objects made of glass, for example drinking containers and bowls.

- There's a glittering array of glass to choose from at markets.

N-UNCOUNT
= glassware

5. glass glasses
Glasses are two lenses in a frame that some people wear in front of their eyes in order to help them see better.

- He took off his glasses.

N-PLURAL
= spectacles

glass ceiling

glass ceiling glass ceilings
When people refer to a glass ceiling , they are talking about the attitudes and traditions in a society that prevent women from rising to the top jobs.

- In her current role she broke through the glass ceiling as the first woman to reach senior management level in the company.

- They're now seeing their daughters hitting the glass ceiling and they are horrified at the effects.

N-COUNT: usu sing

glassed-in

[D.J.:ˈglæstˌɪn]

[K.K.:ˈɡlæstˌɪn]

adj.

四周用玻璃围住的

glassed-in

glassed-in
A glassed-in room or building has large windows instead of walls.

- ...an attractive, glassed-in restaurant with a view of Water Street.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

glass fibre

glass fibre
Glass fibre is another name for fibreglass .
N-UNCOUNT (AM) glass fiber

glasshouse

[D.J.:ˈglæsˌhaʊs]

[K.K.:ˈɡlæsˌhaʊs]

n.

玻璃暖房;温室

glasshouse

glasshouse glasshouses
A glasshouse is a greenhouse , especially a large one which is used for the commercial production of fruit, flowers, or vegetables. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

glassware

[D.J.:ˈɡlɑ:swɛə]

[K.K.:ˈɡlæsˌwɛr]

n.

玻璃器具类

glassware

glassware
Glassware consists of objects made of glass, such as bowls, drinking containers, and ornaments.
N-UNCOUNT

glassily

adv.

玻璃似地

glassy

[D.J.:ˈglæsi:]

[K.K.:ˈɡlæsi]

adj.

似玻璃的,像玻璃一样光滑的

(眼神)呆滞的,无生气的

glassily

adv.

(目光)呆滞地,无生气地

glassy

1. glassy
If you describe something as glassy , you mean that it is very smooth and shiny, like glass. (WRITTEN)

- The water was glassy.

- ...glassy green pebbles.

ADJ-GRADED

2. glassy
If you describe someone's eyes or expression as glassy , you mean that they are showing no feeling, emotion, or awareness. (mainly WRITTEN)

- He was very still, his eyes glassy.

- Henry gave Paul a glassy-eyed stare.

ADJ-GRADED
= vacant

glassy

adjective

1.

transparent

clear

glossy

shiny

slippery

smooth

2.

expressionless

blank

cold

dull

empty

fixed

glazed

lifeless

vacant

glaucoma

[D.J.:ɡlɔ:ˈkəumə]

[K.K.:ɡlaʊˈkomə, ɡlɔ-]

n.

绿内障,青光眼

glaucoma

glaucoma
Glaucoma is an eye disease which can cause people to go gradually blind.
N-UNCOUNT

glaze

[D.J.:ɡleiz]

[K.K.:ɡlez]

vt.

装玻璃

上釉于, 上光

vi.

(目光)变得呆滞无神

n.

上釉的表面, 釉面

glazed

[ɡleizd]

adj.

光滑的,像玻璃的

glazing

[D.J.:ˈɡleiziŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡlezɪŋ]

n.

玻璃装配业,玻璃窗,上釉,上光

glaze *

1. glaze glazes
A glaze is a thin layer of liquid which is put on a piece of pottery and becomes hard and shiny when the pottery is heated in a very hot oven.

- ...hand-painted French tiles with decorative glazes.

N-COUNT

2. glaze glazes
A glaze is a thin layer of beaten egg, milk, or other liquid that you spread onto food in order to make the surface shine and look attractive.

- Brush the glaze over the top and sides of the hot cake.

N-COUNT

3. glaze glazes glazing glazed
When you glaze food such as bread or pastry, you spread a layer of beaten egg, milk, or other liquid onto it before you cook it in order to make its surface shine and look attractive.

- Glaze the pie with beaten egg.

VB

glazed *

1. glazed
If you describe someone's eyes as glazed , you mean that their expression is dull or dreamy, usually because they are tired or are having difficulty concentrating on something.

- Doctors with glazed eyes sat chain-smoking in front of a television set.

- There was a glazed look in her eyes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= glassy

2. glazed
Glazed pottery is covered with a thin layer of a hard shiny substance.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. glazed
A glazed window or door has glass in it.
ADJ

glaze

verb

1.

coat

enamel

gloss

lacquer

polish

varnish

noun

2.

coat

enamel

finish

gloss

lacquer

lustre

patina

polish

shine

varnish

glaze over *

glaze over glazes over; glazing over; glazed over
If your eyes glaze over , they become dull and lose all expression, usually because you are bored or are thinking about something else.

- ...movie actors whose eyes glaze over as soon as the subject wavers from themselves.

PHR-V

glazier

[D.J.:ˈgleɪʒə]

[K.K.:ˈɡleʒɚ]

n.

装玻璃的工人

glazier

glazier glaziers
A glazier is someone whose job is fitting glass into windows and doors.
N-COUNT

gleam

[D.J.:ɡli:m]

[K.K.:ɡlim]

vt. & vi.

(使)闪烁, (使)闪亮

n.

闪光, 闪亮

闪现, 流露

gleaming

[D.J.:ˈgli:mɪŋ]

[K.K.: ˈɡlimɪŋ]

adj.

闪闪发光的

gleam **

1. gleam gleams gleaming gleamed
If an object or a surface gleams , it reflects light because it is shiny and clean.

- His black hair gleamed in the sun.

- ...a gleaming red sports car.

VB

2. gleam
You can refer to the light reflected from something as a gleam . (LITERARY)

- ...the gleam of the dark river...

- In the light that fell on her from the hall her fair hair had a golden gleam.

N-SING

3. gleam gleams gleaming gleamed
If a light or the sun or moon gleams , it shines faintly. (LITERARY)

- Neon lights gleamed in the deepening mists.

VB

4. gleam gleams
A gleam of light is a pale, clear light. (WRITTEN)

- ...the gleam of the headlights.

N-COUNT: N of n

5. gleam gleams gleaming gleamed
If your eyes gleam , they look bright and show that you are excited or happy. (WRITTEN)

- His eyes gleamed almost wickedly.

VB
= glisten shine

6. gleam
If someone has a gleam in their eye, their eyes show a particular feeling. (WRITTEN)

- There was a gleam in her eye when she looked at me.

N-SING

7. gleam gleams
A gleam of something is a faint sign of it.

- There was a gleam of hope for a peaceful settlement.

- ...gleams of wit.

N-COUNT: N of n
= glimmer

8. gleam
If you say that something is only a gleam in someone's eye at present, you mean that it is only being planned or considered, and has not yet been properly begun.

- The product is still only a gleam in an engineer's eye.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

gleam

noun

1.

glow

beam

flash

glimmer

ray

sparkle

2.

trace

flicker

glimmer

hint

inkling

suggestion

verb

3.

shine

flash

glimmer

glint

glisten

glitter

glow

shimmer

sparkle

glean

[D.J.:gli:n]

[K.K.:ɡlin]

vt.

一点点地收集(资料、事实)

vt. & vi.

(收割后)拾穗

gleaning

[ˈɡli:niŋ]

n.

拾落穗,拾遗,落穗

glean *

glean gleans gleaning gleaned
If you glean something such as information or knowledge, you learn or collect it slowly and patiently, and perhaps indirectly.

- At present we're gleaning information from all sources.

- 10,000 pages of evidence were gleaned from hundreds and hundreds of interviews.

VB
= gather

glee

[D.J.:gli:]

[K.K.:ɡli]

n.

欢喜, 高兴

三部或四部重唱的歌曲

glee *

glee
Glee is a feeling of happiness and excitement, often caused by someone else's misfortune. (mainly WRITTEN)

- His victory was greeted with glee by his fellow American golfers.

- There was much glee among journalists over the leaked letter.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with N
= delight

glee

noun

delight

elation

exhilaration

exuberance

exultation

joy

merriment

triumph

gleeful

[D.J.:ˈgli:fəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡlifəl]

adj.

欣喜的,高兴的,欢乐的

gleefully

adv.

高兴地

gleefully

[D.J.:ˈ gli:fəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡlifəlɪ]

adv.

极快乐地,欢欣地

gleeful *

1. gleeful
Someone who is gleeful is happy and excited, often because of someone else's bad luck. (WRITTEN)

- He took an almost gleeful delight in showing how wrong they can be.

ADJ-GRADED

2. gleefully

- I spent the rest of their visit gleefully boring them with tedious details.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

gleeful

adjective

delighted

cock-a-hoop

elated

exuberant

exultant

joyful

jubilant

overjoyed

triumphant

glen

[D.J.:ɡlen]

[K.K.:ɡlɛn]

n.

峡谷,幽谷

glen

glen glens
A glen is a deep, narrow valley, especially in the mountains of Scotland or Ireland.
N-COUNT: oft in names

glib

[D.J.:glɪb]

[K.K.:ɡlɪb]

adj.

<贬>(演讲者或演讲)油腔滑调的;不诚恳的;未经思考的;肤浅的

glibly

adv.

glibly

adv.

流利地,流畅地

glib

1. glib
If you describe what someone says as glib , you disapprove of it because it implies that something is simple or easy, or that there are no problems involved, when this is not the case.

- ...the glib talk of `past misery'...

- Mr. Lewis takes an insufferably glib attitude toward it all.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. glibly

- We talk glibly of equality of opportunity.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

glib

adjective

smooth

easy

fluent

insincere

plausible

quick

ready

slick

suave

voluble

glide

[D.J.:ɡlaid]

[K.K.:ɡlaɪd]

n.

滑行, 滑动, 滑翔

vt. & vi.

(使)滑行, 滑动, 滑翔

gliding

[ˈɡlaidiŋ]

adj.

流畅的,滑行的,滑顺的

glide *

1. glide glides gliding glided
If you glide somewhere, you move silently and in a smooth and effortless way.

- Waiters glide between tightly packed tables bearing trays of pasta.

VB

2. glide glides gliding glided
When birds or aeroplanes glide , they float on air currents.

- Our only companion is the wandering albatross, which glides effortlessly and gracefully behind the yacht.

VB

gliding

gliding
Gliding is the sport or activity of flying in a glider.
N-UNCOUNT

glide

verb

slide

coast

drift

float

flow

roll

run

sail

skate

slip

glider

[D.J.:ˈglaɪdə]

[K.K.:ˈɡlaɪdɚ]

n.

滑翔机

glider *

glider gliders
A glider is an aircraft without an engine, which flies by floating on air currents.
N-COUNT

glimmer

[D.J.:ˈglɪmə]

[K.K.:ˈɡlɪmɚ]

vi.

发闪光,发微光

n.

微光,闪光

glimmering

n.

微光,隐约的一瞥

adj.

薄弱地发光的

glimmerings

n.

微光,一丝光线

glimmer *

1. glimmer glimmers glimmering glimmered
If something glimmers , it produces or reflects a faint, gentle, often unsteady light.

- The moon glimmered faintly through the mists.

- ...the glimmering ocean.

VB

2. glimmer glimmers
A glimmer is a faint, gentle, often unsteady light.

- In the east there is the slightest glimmer of light.

N-COUNT
= flicker

3. glimmer glimmers
A glimmer of something is a faint sign of it.

- Despite an occasional glimmer of hope, this campaign has not produced any results.

- He is celebrating his first glimmer of success.

N-COUNT: N of n
= gleam

glimmering

glimmering glimmerings
A glimmering of something is a faint sign of it.

- ...a glimmering of understanding.

- ...the first glimmerings of civilization.

N-COUNT: N of n

glimmer

verb

1.

flicker

blink

gleam

glisten

glitter

glow

shimmer

shine

sparkle

twinkle

noun

2.

gleam

blink

flicker

glow

ray

shimmer

sparkle

twinkle

3.

trace

flicker

gleam

hint

inkling

suggestion

glimpse

[D.J.:ɡlimps]

[K.K.:ɡlɪmps]

vt.

瞥见

n.

一瞥, 一看

glimpse **

1. glimpse glimpses
If you get a glimpse of someone or something, you see them very briefly and not very well.

- Some of the fans had waited 24 hours outside the Hyde Park Hotel to catch a glimpse of their heroine.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

2. glimpse glimpses glimpsing glimpsed
If you glimpse someone or something, you see them very briefly and not very well.

- She glimpsed a group of people standing on the bank of a river.

VB

3. glimpse glimpses
A glimpse of something is a brief experience of it or an idea about it that helps you understand or appreciate it better.

- As university campuses become increasingly multi-ethnic, they offer a glimpse of the conflicts society will face tomorrow.

- ...a glimpse into the future.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

glimpse

noun

1.

look

glance

peek

peep

sight

sighting

verb

2.

catch sight of

espy

sight

spot

spy

view

glint

[D.J.:glɪnt]

[K.K.:ɡlɪnt]

vt. & vi.

(使)闪烁, 闪光

n.

闪光

glint *

1. glint glints glinting glinted
If something glints , it produces or reflects a quick flash of light. (WRITTEN)

- The sea glinted in the sun.

- Sunlight glinted on his spectacles.

- ...the glinting ripples of water.

VB
= glisten

2. glint glints
A glint is a quick flash of light. (WRITTEN)

- ...a glint of silver.

- ...glints of sunlight.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. glint glints glinting glinted
If someone's eyes glint , they shine and express a particular emotion. (WRITTEN)

- Her eyes glinted wildly.

- A mischievous spark glinted in his eyes.

VB
= gleam

4. glint
A glint in someone's eyes is a brightness that expresses a particular emotion.

- He came up to me with the glint of triumph in his eye.

N-SING
= gleam

glint

verb

1.

gleam

flash

glimmer

glitter

shine

sparkle

twinkle

noun

2.

gleam

flash

glimmer

glitter

shine

sparkle

twinkle

twinkling

glisten

[D.J.:ˈglɪsən]

[K.K.:ˈɡlɪsən]

vi.

湿物闪耀, 闪亮

glistening

[ˈɡli:sniŋ]

adj.

闪耀的,反光的

glisten *

1. glisten glistens glistening glistened
If something glistens it shines, usually because it is wet or oily.

- The calm sea glistened in the sunlight.

- Darcy's face was white and glistening with sweat.

- ...tubs of glistening olives.

VB
= gleam

2. glisten glistens glistening glistened
If you say that someone's eyes glisten , you mean their eyes are shining. (WRITTEN)

- `I shall go, leave him.' Laura Stebbing stopped, her eyes glistening.

- His sunken eyes glistened with delight.

VB
= shine

glisten

verb

gleam

flash

glance

glare

glimmer

glint

glitter

shimmer

shine

sparkle

twinkle

glitch

[D.J.:ɡlitʃ]

[K.K.:ɡlɪtʃ]

n.

小过失; 差错

glitch

glitch glitches
A glitch is a problem which stops something from working properly or being successful. (INFORMAL)

- Manufacturing glitches have limited the factory's output, and costs are still far too high.

N-COUNT
= hitch problem

glitch

noun

problem

blip

difficulty

gremlin

hitch

interruption

malfunction

snag

glitter

[D.J.:ˈɡlitə]

[K.K.:ˈɡlɪtɚ]

vi.

闪烁, 闪耀, 闪光

n.

灿烂的光辉; 闪烁

(表面的)诱惑力, 吸引力

glittering

[D.J.:ˈglɪtərɪŋ]

[K.K.: ˈɡlɪtərɪŋ]

adj.

闪闪发光的,, 光彩夺目的

光辉灿烂的, 华丽的

辉煌的

炫耀的

glitter **

1. glitter glitters glittering glittered
If something glitters , light comes from or is reflected off different parts of it every moment.

- The bay glittered in the sunshine.

- The Palace glittered with lights.

VB
= sparkle

2. glitter glitters glittering glittered
If someone's eyes glitter , they are bright and express a particular emotion such as excitement or interest. (WRITTEN)

- His eyes glittered with a tense amusement.

VB
= gleam

3. glitter
Glitter consists of tiny shining pieces of metal. It is glued to things for decoration.

- Decorate the tunic with sequins or glitter.

N-UNCOUNT

4. glitter
You can use glitter to refer to superficial attractiveness or to the excitement connected with something.

- She was blinded by the glitter and the glamour of her own life.

N-UNCOUNT

glittering *

glittering
You use glittering to indicate that something is very impressive or successful.

- ...a brilliant school pupil destined for a glittering academic career.

- ...a champagne breakfast for a glittering array of celebrities.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= dazzling

glitter

verb

1.

shine

flash

glare

gleam

glimmer

glint

glisten

shimmer

sparkle

twinkle

noun

2.

shine

brightness

flash

glare

gleam

radiance

sheen

shimmer

sparkle

3.

glamour

display

gaudiness

pageantry

show

showiness

splendour

tinsel

glitterati

[D.J.:ˈglɪtəˌrɑ:ti:]

[K.K.:ˈɡlɪtəˌrɑti]

n.

上层人士

glitterati

glitterati
The glitterati are rich and famous people such as actors and rock stars. (JOURNALISM)

- The glitterati of Hollywood are flocking to Janet Vaughan's nail salon.

N-PLURAL

glittery

[ˈɡlitəri]

adj.

闪光的,闪烁的

glittery

glittery
Something that is glittery shines with a lot of very small points of light.

- ...a gold suit and a glittery bow tie.

ADJ-GRADED

glitz

[D.J.:glɪts]

[K.K.:ɡlɪts]

n.

闪光,炫目,浮华

glitz

glitz
You use glitz to refer to something that is exciting and attractive in a showy way.

- ...the glitz of Beverly Hills.

- ...the glitz with which France celebrated the bicentenary of its revolution.

N-UNCOUNT

glitzy

[ˈɡlitsi]

adj.

〈美〉〈加〉闪光的,耀眼的,眩目的

glitzy *

glitzy glitzier glitziest
Something that is glitzy is exciting and attractive in a showy way.

- ...Aspen, Colorado, one of the glitziest ski resorts in the world.

ADJ-GRADED

gloat

[D.J.:gləʊt]

[K.K.:ɡlot]

vi.

幸灾乐祸地看〔想〕, 贪婪地看〔想〕

gloating

[ˈɡləutiŋ]

adj.

心满意足的,沾沾自喜的

gloat *

gloat gloats gloating gloated
If someone is gloating , they are showing pleasure at their own success or at other people's failure in an arrogant and unpleasant way.

- Anti-abortionists are gloating over the court's decision.

- This is nothing to gloat about.

VB disapproval

gloat

verb

relish

crow

drool

exult

glory

revel in

rub it in informal

triumph

glob

[D.J.:ɡlɔb]

[K.K.:ɡlɑb]

n.

一滴,一小滴水珠,(可塑性物质的)一团

glob

glob globs
A glob of something soft or liquid is a small round amount of it. (INFORMAL)

- ...oily globs of soup.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= blob

global

[D.J.:ˈɡləubəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡlobəl]

adj.

全球的, 全世界的

整体的, 总括的, 全面的

global ***

1. global
You can use the word global to describe something that happens in all parts of the world or affects all parts of the world.

- ...a global ban on nuclear testing...

- On a global scale, AIDS may well become the leading cause of infant death.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= worldwide

2. globally

- ...a globally familiar trade name.

ADV

3. global
A global view or vision of a situation is one in which all the different aspects of it are considered.

- ...the global view, the ability to make wider decisions based on a knowledge of all the facts, not just some of them.

- ...a global vision of contemporary societies.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

global

adjective

1.

worldwide

international

universal

world

2.

comprehensive

all-inclusive

exhaustive

general

total

unlimited

globalization

[ˌɡləubəlaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

全球化,全球性

globalize

[D.J.:ˈɡləubəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈɡlobəˌlaɪz]

vt. & vi.

(使)全球化, 全世界化

globalize

1. globalize globalizes globalizing globalized
When industry globalizes or is globalized , companies from one country link with companies from another country in order to do business with them.

- One way to lower costs will be to forge alliances with foreign companies or to expand internationally through appropriate takeovers -- in short, to `globalise'.

V-ERG (BRIT) also globalise

2. globalization

- Trends toward the globalization of industry have dramatically affected food production in California.

N-UNCOUNT

global village

global village
People sometimes refer to the world as a global village when they want to emphasize that all the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the Internet.

- Now that we are all part of the global village, everyone becomes a neighbour.

N-SING

global warming **

global warming
Global warming is the gradual rise in the earth's temperature caused by high levels of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere.

- The threat of global warming will eventually force the US to slow down its energy consumption.

N-UNCOUNT

globe

[D.J.:ɡləub]

[K.K.:ɡlob]

n.

地球, 世界

球体; 球状物

地球仪

globe **

1. globe
You can refer to the world as the globe when you are emphasizing how big it is or that something happens in many different parts of it.

- ...bottles of beer from every corner of the globe...

- 70% of our globe's surface is water.

N-SING: usu the N emphasis
= planet

2. globe globes
A globe is a ball-shaped object with a map of the world on it. It is usually fixed on a stand.

- ...a globe of the world...

- Three large globes stand on the floor.

N-COUNT

3. globe globes
Any ball-shaped object can be referred to as a globe .

- The overhead light was covered now with a white globe.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

globe

noun

sphere

ball

earth

orb

planet

world

globe-trot

1. globe-trot globe-trots globe-trotting globe-trotted
If someone spends their time globe-trotting , they spend a lot of time travelling to different parts of the world. (INFORMAL)

- The son of a diplomat, he has spent much of his life globe-trotting.

VB: usu cont also globetrot .

2. globe-trotting

- ...globe-trotting academic superstars.

ADJ

3. globe-trotter globe-trotters

- TV globe-trotter Alan Whicker was nearly burned alive by an angry mob in Egypt.

N-COUNT

globular

[D.J.:ˈɡlɔbjulə]

[K.K.:ˈɡlɑbjəlɚ]

adj.

球状的

globular

globular
A globular object is shaped like a ball. (FORMAL)

- The globular seed capsule contains numerous small seeds.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

globule

[D.J.:ˈɡlɔbju:l]

[K.K.:ˈɡlɑbjul]

n.

小球,水珠

globule

globule globules
Globules of a liquid or of a soft substance are tiny round particles of it.

- ...globules of saliva...

- Our bone marrow contains fat in the form of small globules.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N of n
= droplet

globule

noun

droplet

bead

bubble

drop

particle

pearl

pellet

glockenspiel

[D.J.:ˈɡlɔkənspi:l]

[K.K.:ˈɡlɑkənˌspil, -ˌʃpil]

n.

钟琴,钟乐器

glockenspiel

glockenspiel glockenspiels
A glockenspiel is a musical instrument which consists of metal bars of different lengths arranged like the keyboard of a piano. You play the glockenspiel by hitting the bars with wooden hammers.
N-COUNT: oft the N

gloom

[D.J.:ɡlu:m]

[K.K.:ɡlum]

n.

昏暗, 阴暗

忧郁, 沮丧, 失望

gloom **

1. gloom
The gloom is a state of near darkness.

- ...the gloom of a foggy November morning...

- I was peering about me in the gloom.

N-SING: the N, oft in/into N

2. gloom
Gloom is a feeling of sadness and lack of hope.

- ...the deepening gloom over the economy.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

gloom

noun

1.

darkness

blackness

dark

dusk

murk

obscurity

shade

shadow

twilight

2.

depression

dejection

despondency

low spirits

melancholy

sorrow

unhappiness

woe

gloomily

[D.J.:ˈ glu:mɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡluməlɪ]

adv.

阴暗地;阴沉地

阴郁地;忧郁地

gloomy

[D.J.:ˈɡlu:mi]

[K.K.:ˈɡlumi]

adj.

黑暗的, 阴暗的

令人沮丧的, 令人失望的

gloomy **

1. gloomy gloomier gloomiest
If a place is gloomy , it is almost dark so that you cannot see very well.

- Inside it's gloomy after all that sunshine.

- All the electric lamps in this huge gloomy church were extinguished.

ADJ-GRADED

2. gloomy gloomier gloomiest
If people are gloomy , they are unhappy and have no hope.

- Miller is gloomy about the fate of the serious playwright in America.

ADJ-GRADED
= despondent

3. gloomily

- He tells me gloomily that he has been called up for army service.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

4. gloomy gloomier gloomiest
If a situation is gloomy , it does not give you much hope of success or happiness.

- ...a gloomy picture of an economy sliding into recession...

- Officials say the outlook for next year is gloomy.

ADJ-GRADED
= grim

gloomy

adjective

1.

dark

black

dim

dismal

dreary

dull

grey

murky

sombre

2.

depressing

bad

cheerless

disheartening

dispiriting

dreary

sad

sombre

3.

miserable

crestfallen

dejected

dispirited

downcast

downhearted

glum

melancholy

morose

pessimistic

sad

glorification

[ˌɡlɔ:rifiˈkeiʃən]

n.

赞颂

glorified

adj.

美其名的,变荣耀的

glorify

[D.J.:ˈglɔ:rəˌfaɪ, ˈgləʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈɡlɔrəˌfaɪ, ˈɡlor-]

vt.

赞美;颂扬

美化;使光荣;使增光

glorified

glorified
You use glorified to indicate that something is less important or impressive than its name suggests.

- Sometimes they tell me I'm just a glorified waitress.

- Some places were no more than glorified pubs.

ADJ: ADJ n
= jumped up

glorify *

1. glorify glorifies glorifying glorified
To glorify something means to praise it or make it seem good or special, usually when it is not.

- This magazine in no way glorifies gangs.

- ...the banning of songs glorifying war and racism.

VB
= glamorize

2. glorification

- ...the glorification of violence.

- ...a glorification of the past.

N-UNCOUNT

3. glorify glorifies glorifying glorified
If you glorify God, you praise Him.

- We are all committed to serving the Lord and glorifying His name in the best way we know.

VB
= praise

glorify

verb

1.

enhance

aggrandize

dignify

elevate

ennoble

magnify

2.

worship

adore

bless

exalt

honour

idolize

pay homage to

revere

venerate

3.

praise

celebrate

eulogize

extol

sing or sound the praises of

glorious

[D.J.:ˈɡlɔ:riəs]

[K.K.:ˈɡlɔriəs, ˈɡlor-]

adj.

荣誉的, 光荣的

辉煌的, 壮丽的

〈口〉非常愉快的; 令人快乐的

gloriously

adv.

光荣地,辉煌地

glorious **

1. glorious
Something that is glorious is very beautiful and impressive.

- ...a glorious rainbow in the air...

- She had missed the glorious blooms of the Mediterranean spring.

- ...a glorious Edwardian opera house.

ADJ-GRADED
= magnificent

2. gloriously

- A tree, gloriously lit by autumn, pressed against the windowpane.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

3. glorious
If you describe something as glorious , you are emphasizing that it is wonderful and it makes you feel very happy.

- The win revived glorious memories of his championship-winning days.

- We opened the windows and let in the glorious evening air.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= heavenly

4. gloriously

- ...her gloriously happy love life.

ADV-GRADED

5. glorious
A glorious career, victory, or occasion involves great fame or success.

- Harrison had a glorious career spanning more than six decades.

- Her future could be more glorious even than her past.

ADJ-GRADED
= illustrious

6. gloriously

- But the mission was successful, gloriously successful.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

7. glorious
Glorious weather is hot and sunny.

- I got dressed and emerged into glorious sunshine.

- The sun was out again, and it was a glorious day.

ADJ-GRADED

8. gloriously

- For a change, it was a gloriously sunny day.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj

glorious

adjective

1.

famous

celebrated

distinguished

eminent

honoured

illustrious

magnificent

majestic

renowned

2.

splendid

beautiful

brilliant

dazzling

gorgeous

shining

superb

3.

delightful

excellent

fine

gorgeous

marvellous

wonderful

glory

[D.J.:ˈɡlɔ:ri]

[K.K.:ˈɡlɔri, ˈɡlori]

n.

光荣, 荣誉

美丽, 壮丽

非常美的事物; 给人荣耀的事, 值得称赞的事

glory **

1. glory
Glory is the fame and admiration that you gain by doing something impressive.

- Walsham had his moment of glory when he won a 20km race

- ...we were still basking in the glory of our Championship win.

N-UNCOUNT

2. glory glories
A person's glories are the occasions when they have done something people greatly admire which makes them famous.

- The album sees them re-living past glories but not really breaking any new ground.

- ...the military glories of Frederick the Great.

N-PLURAL: with supp

3. glory
The glory of something is its great beauty or impressive nature.

- The glory of the idea blossomed in his mind.

N-UNCOUNT: with poss, usu the N of n

4. glory glories
The glories of a culture or place are the things that people admire most about it.

- ...a tour of Florence, to enjoy the artistic glories of the Italian Renaissance...

- One of the glories of the island has always been its bird population.

N-COUNT: usu pl, with supp, usu the N of n

5. glory glories glorying gloried
If you glory in a situation or activity, you enjoy it very much.

- The workers were glorying in their new-found freedom.

- He does not glory in his past successes and looks forward to achieving more.

VB
= revel

6. glory
If you go out in a blaze of glory , you do something very dramatic at the end of your career or your life which makes you famous.

- I am never going back to prison. I am going to make national news headlines and go out in a blaze of glory.

PHR: oft in PHR

glory

noun

1.

honour

dignity

distinction

eminence

fame

praise

prestige

renown

2.

splendour

grandeur

greatness

magnificence

majesty

nobility

pageantry

pomp

verb

3.

triumph

boast

exult

pride oneself

relish

revel

take delight

gloss

[D.J.:glɔ:s, glɔs]

[K.K.:ɡlɔs, ɡlɑs]

n.

(表面的)光滑, 光泽

虚假的外表, 假象, 虚饰

(页末或书后的)注释, 注解, 脚注, 注释词

vt.

注解, 注释

gloss over

掩饰(错误);粉饰；把…搪塞过去

gloss *

1. gloss
A gloss is a bright shine on the surface of something.

- Sheets of rain were falling and produced a black gloss on the asphalt.

N-SING
= sheen

2. gloss
Gloss is an appearance of attractiveness or good quality which sometimes hides less attractive features or poor quality.

- Television commercials might seem more professional but beware of mistaking the gloss for the content.

N-UNCOUNT

3. gloss
If you put a gloss on a bad situation, you try to make it seem more attractive or acceptable by giving people a false explanation or interpretation of it.

- He used his diary to put a fine gloss on the horrors the regime perpetrated.

- The whole idea was to give history a happy gloss.

N-SING: a N, usu N on n

4. gloss glosses
Gloss is the same as gloss paint .
N-MASS

5. gloss glosses
Gloss is a type of shiny make-up.

- She brushed gloss on to her eyelids.

- ...lip glosses.

N-MASS

6. gloss glosses glossing glossed
If you gloss a difficult word or idea, you provide an explanation of it.

- Older editors glossed `drynke' as `love-potion'.

VB

gloss

noun

shine

brightness

gleam

lustre

patina

polish

sheen

veneer

gloss

noun

1.

comment

annotation

commentary

elucidation

explanation

footnote

interpretation

note

translation

verb

2.

interpret

annotate

comment

elucidate

explain

translate

gloss over *

gloss over glosses over; glossing over; glossed over
If you gloss over a problem, a mistake, or an embarrassing moment, you try and make it seem unimportant by ignoring it or by dealing with it very quickly.

- Some foreign governments appear happy to gloss over continued human rights abuses.

PHR-V

glossary

[D.J.:ˈglɔ:səri:, ˈglɔsə-]

[K.K.:ˈɡlɔsəri, ˈɡlɑsə-]

n.

(书尾的)词汇表, 难词汇编

glossary

glossary glossaries
A glossary of special, unusual, or technical words or expressions is an alphabetical list of them giving their meanings, for example at the end of a book on a particular subject.
N-COUNT

glossies

glossies
The glossies are expensive magazines which are printed on thick, shiny paper. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-PLURAL

gloss paint

gloss paint
Gloss paint is paint that forms a shiny surface when it dries.
N-UNCOUNT

glossy

[D.J.:ˈglɔ:si:, ˈglɔsi:]

[K.K.:ˈɡlɔsi, ˈɡlɑsi]

adj.

光洁的;光滑的

虚有其表的;浮华的

用有光纸印刷并附有很多鲜艳图片的

glossy *

1. glossy
Glossy means smooth and shiny.

- ...glossy black hair...

- The leaves were dark and glossy.

ADJ-GRADED

2. glossy
You can describe something as glossy if you think that it has been designed to look attractive but has little practical value or may have hidden faults.

- ...a glossy new office...

- British TV commercials are glossy and sophisticated.

ADJ-GRADED

3. glossy
Glossy magazines, leaflets, books, and photographs are produced on expensive, shiny paper.

- ...a glossy magazine called `Women Today'.

ADJ: ADJ n

glossy

adjective

shiny

bright

glassy

glazed

lustrous

polished

shining

silky

glove

[D.J.:ɡlʌv]

[K.K.:ɡlʌv]

n.

手套

glove **

1. glove gloves
Gloves are pieces of clothing which cover your hands and wrists and have individual sections for each finger. You wear gloves to keep your hands warm or dry or to protect them.

- He stuck his gloves in his pocket.

- ...a pair of white cotton gloves.

N-COUNT

2. glove
If you say that something fits like a glove , you are emphasizing that it fits exactly.
PHR: V inflects emphasis

glove compartment

glove compartment glove compartments
The glove compartment in a car is a small cupboard or shelf below the front windscreen.
N-COUNT also glove box .

gloved

[ɡlʌvd]

adj.

(手)戴着手套的

gloved

gloved
A gloved hand has a glove on it. (mainly WRITTEN)

- His gloved hand held up a computer disk.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

glow

[D.J.:ɡləu]

[K.K.:ɡlo]

vi.

(无焰地)燃烧; 发炽热; 烧红

脸红, 身体发热

n.

光亮, 光辉

脸红, (身体)发热

热情; 强烈的感情

glowing

[D.J.:ˈgləʊɪŋ]

adj.

热烈赞扬的,热情洋溢的

in glowing terms/colours

夸奖；美言；赞美

glowingly

adv.

热情洋溢地

glowingly

adv.

白热地,热心地

glow **

1. glow glows
A glow is a dull, steady light, for example the light produced by a fire when there are no flames.

- The cigarette's red glow danced about in the darkness.

- The rising sun casts a golden glow over the fields.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. glow
A glow is a pink colour on a person's face, usually because they are healthy or have been exercising.

- The moisturiser gave my face a healthy glow that lasted all day.

N-SING: usu a N

3. glow
If you feel a glow of satisfaction or achievement, you have a strong feeling of pleasure because of something that you have done or that has happened.

- Exercise will give you a glow of satisfaction at having achieved something.

- As he looked around he felt a glow of pride in Katrina as he realized what she had accomplished.

N-SING: oft N of n

4. glow glows glowing glowed
If something glows , it produces a dull, steady light.

- The night lantern glowed softly in the darkness.

- Even the mantel above the fire glowed white.

VB

5. glow glows glowing glowed
If a place glows with a colour or a quality, it is bright, attractive, and colourful.

- Used together these colours will make your interiors glow with warmth and vitality.

- ...carved wood bathed in glowing colors and gold leaf.

VB

6. glow glows glowing glowed
If something glows , it looks bright because it is reflecting light.

- The instruments glowed in the bright orange light.

- The fall foliage glowed red and yellow in the morning sunlight.

VB

7. glow glows glowing glowed
If someone's skin glows , it looks pink because they are healthy or excited, or have been doing physical exercise.

- Her freckled skin glowed with health again.

- ...a glowing complexion.

VB

8. glow glows glowing glowed
If someone glows with an emotion such as pride or pleasure, the expression in their face shows how they feel.

- The expectant mothers that Amy had encountered positively glowed with pride.

VB

glowing *

1. glowing
A glowing description or opinion about someone or something praises them highly or supports them strongly.

- The media has been speaking in glowing terms of the relationship between the two countries.

- The premieres of his plays brought in glowing reviews.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. glowingly

- Wallis spoke glowingly about players like Chapman.

ADV

glow

verb

1.

shine

brighten

burn

gleam

glimmer

redden

smoulder

noun

2.

light

burning

gleam

glimmer

luminosity

phosphorescence

3.

radiance

brightness

brilliance

effulgence

splendour

vividness

glowing

adjective

1.

bright

aglow

flaming

luminous

radiant

2.

complimentary

adulatory

ecstatic

enthusiastic

laudatory

rave informal

rhapsodic

glower

[D.J.:ˈglaʊə]

[K.K.:ˈɡlaʊɚ]

vi.

怒视

glower

glower glowers glowering glowered
If you glower at someone or something, you look at them angrily.

- He glowered at me but said nothing.

- He glowered and glared, but she steadfastly refused to look his way.

VB
= glare

glowering

1. glowering
If you describe a person as glowering , you mean they look angry and bad tempered. (WRITTEN)

- ...his glowering good looks.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. glowering
If you describe a place as glowering , you mean that it looks dark and threatening. (WRITTEN)

- ...glowering castle walls.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

glower

verb

1.

scowl

frown

give a dirty look

glare

look daggers

lour or lower

noun

2.

scowl

black look

dirty look

frown

glare

lour or lower

glow-worm

n.

萤火虫

glow-worm

glow-worm glow-worms
A glow-worm is a type of beetle which produces light from its body.
N-COUNT

glucose

[D.J.:ˈglu:ˌkəʊs]

[K.K.:ˈɡluˌkos]

n.

<化>葡萄糖

glucose *

glucose
Glucose is a type of sugar that gives you energy.
N-UNCOUNT

glue

[D.J.:ɡlu:]

[K.K.:ɡlu]

vt.

用胶水将物体粘合

gluing

贴;胶粘;粘合

glue **

1. glue glues
Glue is a sticky substance used for joining things together, often for repairing broken things.

- ...a tube of glue.

- ...high quality glues.

N-MASS

2. glue glues glueing or gluing glued
If you glue one object to another, you stick them together using glue.

- Glue the fabric around the window.

- The material is cut and glued in place.

- They are glued together.

VB

3. glue or glued
If you say that someone keeps their eyes glued to something, you mean that they are watching it with all their attention.

- They are all glued to the Olympic Games.

- He kept his eyes glued to the clock.

PHR: V inflects

glue

noun

1.

adhesive

cement

gum

paste

verb

2.

stick

affix

cement

fix

gum

paste

seal

glue sniffing

glue sniffing
Glue sniffing is the practice of breathing the vapour from glue in order to become intoxicated.
N-UNCOUNT
= solvent abuse

glum

[D.J.:glʌm]

[K.K.:ɡlʌm]

adj.

闷闷不乐的,忧郁的

n.

闷闷不乐,忧郁

glumly

adv.

忧郁地

glumness

n.

忧郁

glum *

1. glum glummer glummest
Someone who is glum is sad and quiet because they are disappointed or unhappy about something.

- She was very glum and was obviously missing her children.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= forlorn

2. glumly

- When Eleanor returned, I was still sitting glumly on the settee.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

glum

adjective

gloomy

crestfallen

dejected

doleful

low

morose

pessimistic

sullen

glut

[D.J.:glʌt]

[K.K.:ɡlʌt]

vt.

吃得过多,过饱,过食;(对胃口、欲望等)纵情满足,充分满足;使厌腻

塞满;堵塞

<经>使(市场)过分饱和,使(市场)供过于求

n.

<经>供过于求;过量供应

放纵,纵容;尽量

glutting

镶块

glut *

1. glut gluts
If there is a glut of something, there is so much of it that it cannot all be sold or used.

- There's a glut of agricultural products in Western Europe.

- ...a world oil glut.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp
= surplus

2. glut gluts glutting glutted
If a market is glutted with something, there is a glut of that thing.

- The region is glutted with hospitals.

- 1948 was not a good year to be seeking employment. Soldiers returning from the war had glutted the job market.

VB

glut

noun

1.

surfeit

excess

oversupply

plethora

saturation

superfluity

surplus

verb

2.

saturate

choke

clog

deluge

flood

inundate

overload

oversupply

gluten

[D.J.:ˈɡlu:tən]

[K.K.:ˈɡlutn]

n.

麸质

gluten

gluten
Gluten is a substance found in cereal grains such as wheat.
N-UNCOUNT

glutinous

[D.J.:ˈglu:tnəs]

[K.K.:ˈɡlutnəs]

adj.

黏的,胶质的

glutinous

glutinous
Something that is glutinous is very sticky.

- The sauce was glutinous and tasted artificial.

- ...soft and glutinous mud.

ADJ-GRADED

glutton

[D.J.:ˈglʌtn]

[K.K.:ˈɡlʌtn..]

n.

贪食者

<口>贪图者,酷爱…的人

狼獾

gluttonous

adj.

gluttonously

adv.

gluttonous

[D.J.:ˈɡlʌtənəs]

[K.K.:ˈɡlʌtnəs]

adj.

暴食的,饕餮的,贪吃的

glutton

1. glutton gluttons
If you think that someone eats too much and is greedy, you can say they are a glutton .

- I can't control my eating. It's hard when people don't understand and call you a glutton.

N-COUNT disapproval

2. glutton gluttons
If you say that someone is a glutton for something, you mean that they enjoy or need it very much.

- He was a glutton for hard work.

- Ivy must be a glutton for punishment.

N-COUNT: N for n

glutton

noun

gourmand

gannet slang

pig informal

gluttonous

gluttonous
If you think that someone eats too much and is greedy, you can say they are gluttonous .

- ...a selfish, gluttonous and lazy person.

ADJ-GRADED

gluttonous

adjective

greedy

gormandizing

insatiable

piggish

ravenous

voracious

gluttony

[D.J.:ˈglʌtni:]

[K.K.:ˈɡlʌtni]

n.

暴饮暴食

gluttony

gluttony
Gluttony is the act or habit of eating too much and being greedy.

- Gluttony is a deadly sin.

N-UNCOUNT

gluttony

noun

greed

gormandizing

greediness

voracity

glycerine

[D.J.:ˈglɪsəri:n]

n.

甘油,丙三醇

glycerine

glycerine
Glycerine is a thick, sweet, colourless liquid that is used especially in making medicine, explosives, and antifreeze for cars.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) usually glycerin

gm

abbr.

Gambia 冈比亚

gm

abbr.

Gambia 冈比亚

gm **

gm
gm is a written abbreviation for gram .

- ...450 gm (1 lb) mixed soft summer fruits.

The plural can be gm or gms

GM

abbr.

game master 游戏管理员(又称游戏客户服务,是游戏厂商或运营商专为玩家提供游戏帮助的工作人员)

GM

abbr.

game master 游戏管理员（又称游戏客户服务，是游戏厂商或运营商专为玩家提供游戏帮助的工作人员）

GM

1. GM
GM crops have had one or more genes changed, for example in order to make them resist pests better. GM food contains ingredients made from GM crops. GM is an abbreviation for `genetically modified'. (mainly BRIT)

- Many of us may be eating food containing GM ingredients without realising it.

ADJ

2. GM
In Britain, GM schools receive money directly from the government rather than from a local authority. GM is an abbreviation for `grant-maintained'.

- GM schools receive better funding than other state schools.

ADJ

GMO

GMO GMOs
A GMO is an animal, plant, or other organism whose genetic structure has been changed by genetic engineering. GMO is an abbreviation for `genetically modified organism'.
N-COUNT

GMT

abbr.

Greenwich Mean Time 格林尼治标准时间

GMT

abbr.

Greenwich Mean Time 格林尼治标准时间

GMT **

GMT
GMT is the standard time in Great Britain which is used to calculate the time in the rest of the world. GMT is an abbreviation for `Greenwich Mean Time'.

- New Mexico is seven hours behind GMT.

gnarled

[D.J.:nɑ:ld]

[K.K.:nɑrld]

adj.

(树、树干、树枝)扭曲的;多瘤的;多节的

(手、手指)粗糙的

(人)饱经风霜的

gnarled

1. gnarled
A gnarled tree is twisted and strangely shaped because it is old.

- ...a large and beautiful garden full of ancient gnarled trees.

ADJ-GRADED

2. gnarled
A person who is gnarled looks very old because their skin has lines on it or their body is bent. If someone has gnarled hands, their hands are twisted as a result of old age or illness.

- ...gnarled old men...

- His hands were gnarled with arthritis.

ADJ-GRADED

gnarled

adjective

twisted

contorted

knotted

knotty

rough

rugged

weather-beaten

wrinkled

gnash

[D.J.:næʃ]

[K.K.:næʃ]

vt.

咬(牙)

vi.

(牙)磨咬,上下叩击

gnash your teeth

(尤指因没有得偿所愿而)咬牙切齿，非常愤怒(或沮丧)

gnash

gnash
If you say that someone is gnashing their teeth , you mean they are angry or frustrated about something.

- If Blythe heard that piece, I bet he was gnashing his teeth.

- If you couldn't attend either of the concerts and are currently gnashing your teeth at having missed out, don't despair.

- There will be wailing and gnashing of teeth whatever criteria the Arts Council employ for this exercise.

PHR: V inflects

gnat

[D.J.:næt]

[K.K.:næt]

n.

叮人小虫

gnat

gnat gnats
A gnat is a very small flying insect that bites people and usually lives near water.
N-COUNT

gnaw

[D.J.:nɔ:]

[K.K.:nɔ]

vt. & vi.

咬, 啃

(使)苦恼;折磨

gnaw at

(长时间) 折磨某人

gnaw away at

(长时间)危害某事物

gnawing

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:ɪŋ]

adj.

痛苦的,苦恼的

gnaw *

1. gnaw gnaws gnawing gnawed
If people or animals gnaw something or gnaw at it, they bite it repeatedly.

- Woodlice attack living plants and gnaw at the stems.

- Melanie gnawed a long, painted fingernail.

VB
= chew

2. gnaw gnaws gnawing gnawed
If a feeling or thought gnaws at you, it causes you to keep worrying. (WRITTEN)

- Doubts were already gnawing away at the back of his mind.

- Mary Ann's exhilaration gave way to gnawing fear.

VB
= nag

gnaw

verb

bite

chew

munch

nibble

gnocchi

[D.J.:ˈnɔki:,ˈnɔ:ki:]

[K.K.:ˈnjɔki]

n.

(面粉或马铃薯做的)汤团,团子

gnocchi

gnocchi
Gnocchi are a type of pasta consisting of small round balls made from flour and sometimes potato.
N-PLURAL

gnome

[D.J.:nəʊm]

[K.K.:nom]

n.

矮子,侏儒

<口>(尤指金融市场上搞投机的)银行家

守护神

gnome *

gnome gnomes
In children's stories, a gnome is an imaginary creature that is like a tiny old man with a beard and pointed hat. In Britain people sometimes have small statues of gnomes in their gardens.
N-COUNT

gnomic

[D.J.:ˈnəʊmɪk]

[K.K.:ˈnomɪk]

adj.

格言的,警句的

好用格言警句的,说教的

gnomic

gnomic
A gnomic remark is brief and seems wise but is difficult to understand. (WRITTEN)

- In the gnomic words of Wittgenstein, `The human body is the best picture of the human soul'.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

GNP

abbr.

gross national product国民生产总值

GNP **

GNP GNPs
In economics, a country's GNP is the total value of all the goods produced and services provided by that country in one year. GNP is an abbreviation for `Gross National Product'.

- By 1973 the government deficit equalled thirty per cent of GNP.

N-VAR

gnu

[D.J.:nu:,nju:]

[K.K.:nu, nju]

n.

角马(南非产的像牛的大羚羊)

gnu

gnu gnus
A gnu is a large African deer.
N-COUNT

GNVQ

GNVQ GNVQs
In Britain, GNVQs are qualifications in practical subjects such as business, design, and information technology. GNVQ is an abbreviation for `general national vocational qualification'.

- We have a 90 cent pass rate for GNVQs.

N-COUNT

go

[D.J.:ɡəu]

[K.K.:ɡo]

vi.

去; 走; 行; 驶

进行, 运行, 运转

放, 置

伸展, 通往

消失, 丢失

垮下来, 死

花费, 销售

行, 有效

据说, 流传

link v.

发出…声音

变得, 成为, 处于…状态

n.

轮到机会

精力, 干劲

goes

[D.J.:ɡəuz]

[K.K.:ɡoz]

go 的第三人称单数现在式

go的复数

going

[D.J.:ˈgəʊɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡoɪŋ]

n.

离去,动身

行走〔进展〕速度

(行走或旅行的)途中状况

be going on (for)

接近(某个年龄、时刻或数目)；几乎

be not bad going

进展不错；情况良好

enough/something to be going on with

暂且够用；足够维持一段时间

have (got) a lot, something, nothing, etc.going for you

有很多(或一些、没有等)成绩(或技能、优势等)

while the going is good

趁情况尚可时；趁局势还有利时

adj.

可获得的,找得到的

现行价格的

经营中的,业务发达的

现行的,流行的,当前的

gone

[D.J.:gɔ:n, gɔn]

[K.K.:ɡɔn, ɡɑn]

adj.

过去的, 离去的

爱着的, 迷恋的

went

[D.J.:went]

[K.K.:wɛnt]

(go的过去式)

go 1 moving or leaving *****

(In most cases the past participle of go is gone , but occasionally you use `been': see been .)

1. go goes going went gone
When you go somewhere, you move or travel there.

- We went to Rome.

- Gladys had just gone into the kitchen.

- I went home at the weekend.

- Four of them had gone off to find help.

- It took us an hour to go three miles.

VB

2. go goes going went gone
When you go , you leave the place where you are.

- Let's go.

- She's going tomorrow.

VB

3. go goes going went gone
You use go to say that someone leaves the place where they are and does an activity, often a leisure activity.

- We went swimming very early.

- Maybe they've just gone shopping.

- He went for a walk.

VB

4. go goes going went gone
When you go to do something, you move to a place in order to do it and you do it. You can also go and do something, and in American English, you can go do something. However, you always say that someone went and did something.

- His second son, Paddy, had gone to live in Canada.

- I must go and see this film.

- Go ask whoever you want.

VB

5. go goes going went gone
If you go to school, work, or church, you attend it regularly as part of your normal life.

- She will have to go to school.

- His son went to a top university in America.

VB

6. go goes going went gone
When you say where a road or path goes , you are saying where it begins or ends, or what places it is in.

- There's a mountain road that goes from Blairstown to Millbrook Village.

VB
= lead

7. go goes going went gone
You can use go in expressions such as ` don't go telling everybody ', in order to express disapproval of the kind of behaviour you mention, or to tell someone not to behave in that way.

- You don't have to go running upstairs every time she rings.

- Don't you go thinking it was your fault.

VB: with brd-neg

8. go goes going went gone
You can use go with words like `further' and `beyond' to show the degree or extent of something.

- He went even further in his speech to the conference.

- Some physicists have gone so far as to suggest that the entire Universe is a sort of gigantic computer.

VB

9. go goes going went gone
If you say that a period of time goes quickly or slowly, you mean that it seems to pass quickly or slowly.

- The weeks go so quickly!

VB
= pass

10. go goes going went gone
If you say where money goes , you are saying what it is spent on.

- Most of my money goes on bills.

- The money goes to projects chosen by the wider community.

VB

11. go goes going went gone
If you say that something goes to someone, you mean that it is given to them.

- A lot of credit must go to the chairman and his father.

- The job went to Yuri Skokov, a capable administrator.

VB

12. go goes going went gone
If someone goes on television or radio, they take part in a television or radio programme.

- The Turkish president has gone on television to defend stringent new security measures.

- We went on the air, live, at 7.30.

VB

13. go goes going went gone
If something goes , someone gets rid of it.

- The Institute of Export now fears that 100,000 jobs will go.

- If people stand firm against the tax, it is only a matter of time before it has to go.

VB

14. go goes going went gone
If someone goes , they leave their job, usually because they are forced to.

- He had made a humiliating tactical error and he had to go.

VB

15. go goes going went gone
If something goes into something else, it is put in it as one of the parts or elements that form it.

- ...the really interesting ingredients that go into the dishes that we all love to eat.

VB

16. go goes going went gone
If something goes in a particular place, it fits in that place or should be put there because it is the right size or shape.

- He was trying to push it through the hole and it wouldn't go.

- ...This knob goes here.

VB

17. go goes going went gone
If something goes in a particular place, it belongs there or should be put there, because that is where you normally keep it.

- The shoes go on the shoe shelf.

- `Where does everything go?'

VB

18. go goes going went gone
If you say that one number goes into another number a particular number of times, you are dividing the second number by the first.

- Six goes into thirty five times.

VB

19. go goes going went gone
If one of a person's senses, such as their sight or hearing, is going , it is getting weak and they may soon lose it completely. (INFORMAL)

- His eyes are going; he says he has glaucoma.

- Lately he'd been making mistakes; his nerve was beginning to go.

VB
= fail

20. go goes going went gone
If something such as a light bulb or a part of an engine is going , it is no longer working properly and will soon need to be replaced.

- I thought it looked as though the battery was going.

VB

21. go goes going went gone
If you say that someone is going or has gone , you are saying in an indirect way that they are dying or are dead.

- `Any hope?' --- `No, he's gone.'

VB

go 2 link verb uses *****

1. go goes going went gone
You can use go to say that a person or thing changes to another state or condition. For example, if someone goes crazy , they become crazy, and if something goes green , it changes colour and becomes green.

- I'm going bald.

- You'd better serve it to them before it goes cold.

- 50,000 companies have gone out of business.

V-LINK

2. go goes going went gone
You can use go when indicating whether or not someone wears or has something. For example, if someone goes barefoot , they do not wear any shoes.

- The baby went naked on the beach.

- But if you arm the police won't more criminals go armed?

V-LINK

3. go goes going went gone
You can use go before adjectives beginning with `un-' to say that something does not happen. For example, if something goes unheard , nobody hears it.

- As President, he affirmed that no tyranny went unnoticed.

V-LINK

go 3 other verb uses, noun uses, and phrases *****

1. go goes going went gone
You use go to talk about the way something happens. For example, if an event or situation goes well , it is successful.

- She says everything is going smoothly.

- How did it go at the hairdresser's?

VB

2. go goes going went gone
If a machine or device is going , it is working.

- What about my copier? Can you get it going again?.

- I said, `My car won't go in fog'.

VB

3. go goes going went gone
If a bell goes , it makes a noise, usually as a signal for you to do something.

- The bell went for the break.

VB

4. go goes going went gone
If something goes with something else, or if two things go together , they look or taste nice together.

- I was searching for a pair of grey gloves to go with my new gown.

- I can see that some colours go together and some don't.

- Wear something else. This won't go.

V-RECIP

5. go goes going went gone
You use go to introduce something you are quoting. For example, you say the story goes or the argument goes just before you quote all or part of it.

- The story goes that she went home with him that night.

- The story goes like this.

- As the saying goes, `There's no smoke without fire.'.

VB

6. go goes going went gone
You use go when indicating that something makes or produces a sound. For example, if you say that something goes `bang ', you mean it produces the sound `bang'.

- She stopped in front of a painting of a dog and she started going `woof woof'.

- The button on his jeans went POP.

VB

7. go goes going went gone
You can use go instead of `say' when you are quoting what someone has said or what you think they will say. (INFORMAL)

- They say `Tom, shut up' and I go `No, you shut up'.

- He goes to me: `Oh, what do you want?'

VB

8. go goes
A go is an attempt at doing something.

- I always wanted to have a go at football.

- She won on her first go.

- Her hair was bright orange. It took us two goes to get the colour right.

N-COUNT: oft N at n/-ing
= try

9. go goes
If it is your go in a game, it is your turn to do something, for example to play a card or move a piece.

- I'm two behind you but it's your go.

- Now whose go is it?

N-COUNT: poss N
= turn

10. go
If you go all out to do something or go all out for something, you make the greatest possible effort to do it or get it. (INFORMAL)

- They will go all out to get exactly what they want.

- They're ready to go all out for the Premier League title next season.

PHR: V inflects, PHR to-inf, PHR for n

11. go
If people say ` anything goes ', they mean that anything people say or do is considered acceptable, and usually they mean that they do not approve of this.

- In the 90s, almost anything goes.

PHR disapproval

12. go
You use expressions like as things go or as children go when you are describing one person or thing and comparing them with others of the same kind. (INFORMAL)

- This is a straightforward case, as these things go.

- He's good company, as small boys go.

PHR: PHR with cl

13. go
If you do something as you go along , you do it while you are doing another thing, without preparing it beforehand.

- Learning how to become a parent takes time. It's a skill you learn as you go along.

PHR: PHR after v

14. go
If you say that someone has gone and done something, you are expressing your annoyance at the foolish thing they have done. (INFORMAL)

- Well, he's gone and done it again, hasn't he?.

- Somebody goes and does something mindless like that and just destroys everything for you.

PHR: Vs inflect disapproval

15. go
You say ` Go for it ' to encourage someone to increase their efforts to achieve or win something. (INFORMAL)
CONVENTION

16. go
If someone has a go at you, they criticize you, often in a way that you feel is unfair. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Some people had a go at us for it, which made us more angry.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

17. go
If someone says ` Where do we go from here? ' they are asking what should be done next, usually because a problem has not been solved in a satisfactory way.
CONVENTION

18. go
If you say that someone is making a go of something such as a business or relationship, you mean that they are having some success with it.

- I knew we could make a go of it and be happy.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

19. go
If you say that someone is always on the go , you mean that they are always busy and active. (INFORMAL)

- I got a new job this year where I am on the go all the time.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, PHR after v

20. go
If you have something on the go , you have started it and are busy doing it.

- Do you like to have many projects on the go at any one time?

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR after v

21. go
You can say ` My heart goes out to him ' or ` My sympathy goes out to her ' to express the strong sympathy you have for someone in a difficult or unpleasant situation.

- My heart goes out to Mrs Adams and her fatherless children.

PHR: V inflects feelings

22. go
If you say that there are a particular number of things to go , you mean that they still remain to be dealt with.

- I still had another five operations to go.

PHR: amount PHR

23. go
If you say that there is a certain amount of time to go , you mean that there is that amount of time left before something happens or ends.

- There is a week to go until the elections.

PHR: amount PHR, oft PHR prep

24. go
If you are in a cafusee1 or restaurant and ask for an item of food to go , you mean that you want to take it away with you and not eat it there. (mainly AM; in BRIT = to take out or to take away )

- Large fries to go.

PHR: n PHR

going *****

1. going
If you say that something is going to happen, you mean that it will happen in the future, usually quite soon.

- I think it's going to be successful.

- You're going to enjoy this.

- I'm going to have to tell him the truth.

- Are they going to be alright?

PHR-MODAL

2. going
You say that you are going to do something to express your intention or determination to do it.

- I'm going to go to bed.

- He announced that he's going to resign.

- I was not going to compromise.

PHR-MODAL

3. going
You use the going to talk about how easy or difficult it is to do something. You can also say that something is, for example, hard going or tough going .

- He has her support to fall back on when the going gets tough.

- Though the talks had been hard going at the start, they had become more friendly.

N-UNCOUNT: the N, adj N

4. going
In horse racing and horse riding, when you talk about the going , you are talking about the condition of the surface the horses are running on.

- The going was soft; some horses found it hard work.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N

5. going
The going rate or the going salary is the usual amount of money that you expect to pay or receive for something.

- She says that's the going rate for a house this big.

- That's about half the going price on world oil markets.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. going
If someone or something has a lot going for them, they have a lot of advantages.

- This area has a lot going for it.

- I wish I could show you the things you've got going for you.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

7. going
When you get going , you start doing something or start a journey, especially after a delay.

- Now what about that shopping list? I've got to get going.

PHR: V inflects

8. going
If you say that someone should do something while the going is good , you are advising them to do it while things are going well and they still have the opportunity, because you think it will become much more difficult to do.

- People are leaving in their thousands while the going is good.

PHR: V inflects

9. going
If you keep going , you continue doing things or doing a particular thing.

- I like to keep going. I hate to sit still.

PHR: V inflects

10. going
If you can keep going with the money you have, you can manage to live on it.

- Things were difficult, and we needed her wages to keep going.

PHR: V inflects

11. going
If you say that something that has been achieved is good going or not bad going , you mean that it is better than usual or than expected. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- 4,000 copies of Wuthering Heights went in two days. That's not bad going for a book that has been on the market for 145 years.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft PHR for n

12. going
If you say that something is enough to be going on with , you mean that it is enough for your needs at the moment, although you will need something better at some time in the future. (mainly BRIT)

- It was a good enough description for Mattie to be going on with.

PHR: usu PHR after v

13. going
You can use going on before a number to say that something has almost reached that number. For example, you can say that someone is going on 40 to indicate that they are nearly 40.

- We've been married for going on two years.

- This is 1980 going on 1981.

PHR: PHR num

gone ****

1. gone
Gone is the past participle of go .

2. gone
When someone is gone , they have left the place where you are and are no longer there. When something is gone , it is no longer present or no longer exists.

- While he was gone she had tea with the Colonel.

- He's already been gone four hours!.

- By morning the smoke will be all gone.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

3. gone
If you say it is gone a particular time, you mean it is later than that time. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- It was just gone 7 o'clock this evening when I finished.

PREP
= after past

went

went
Went is the past tense of go .

go

verb

1.

move

advance

journey

make for

pass

proceed

set off

travel

2.

leave

depart

make tracks

move out

slope off

withdraw

3.

function

move

operate

perform

run

work

4.

contribute

lead to

serve

tend

work towards

5.

harmonize

agree

blend

chime

complement

correspond

fit

match

suit

6.

elapse

expire

flow

lapse

pass

slip away

noun

7.

attempt

bid

crack informal

effort

shot informal

try

turn

8.

energy

drive

force

life

spirit

verve

vigour

vitality

vivacity

gone

adjective

1.

finished

elapsed

ended

over

past

2.

missing

absent

astray

away

lacking

lost

vanished

go about phrasal verbs *****

1. go about goes about; going about; went about; gone about
The way you go about a task or problem is the way you approach it and deal with it.

- I want him back, but I just don't know how to go about it.

PHR-V
= approach

2. go about goes about; going about; went about; gone about
When you are going about your normal activities, you are doing them.

- We were simply going about our business when we were pounced upon by these police officers.

PHR-V

3. go about goes about; going about; went about; gone about
If you go about in a particular way, you behave or dress in that way, often as part of your normal life.

- He used to go about in a black cape.

- He went about looking ill and unhappy.

PHR-V
= go around

go after *****

go after goes after; going after; went after; gone after
If you go after something, you try to get it, catch it, or hit it.

- We're not going after civilian targets.

PHR-V

go against *****

1. go against goes against; going against; went against; gone against
If a person or their behaviour goes against your wishes, beliefs, or expectations, their behaviour is the opposite of what you want, believe in, or expect.

- Changes are being made here which go against my principles and I cannot agree with them.

PHR-V

2. go against goes against; going against; went against; gone against
If a decision, vote, or result goes against you, you do not get the decision, vote, or result that you wanted.

- The prime minister will resign if the vote goes against him.

- Everything began to go against us.

PHR-V

go ahead *****

1. go ahead goes ahead; going ahead; went ahead; gone ahead
If someone goes ahead with something, they begin to do it or make it, especially after planning, promising, or asking permission to do it.

- The district board will vote today on whether to go ahead with the plan.

PHR-V
= proceed

2. go ahead goes ahead; going ahead; went ahead; gone ahead
If a process or an organized event goes ahead , it takes place or is carried out.

- The event will go ahead as planned in Sheffield next summer.

PHR-V

go along *****

1. go along goes along; going along; went along; gone along
If you go along to a meeting, event, or place, you attend or visit it.

- I went along to the meeting.

- You should go along and have a look.

PHR-V

2. go along goes along; going along; went along; gone along
If you describe how something is going along , you describe how it is progressing.

- Things were going along fairly well.

PHR-V: usu cont

go along with *****

1. go along goes along; going along; went along; gone along
If you go along with a rule, decision, or policy, you accept it and obey it.

- Whatever the majority decided I was prepared to go along with.

PHR-V

2. go along goes along; going along; went along; gone along
If you go along with a person or an idea, you agree with them.

- `I don't think a government has properly done it for about the past twenty-five years.' --- `I'd go along with that.'

PHR-V

go around *****

1. go around goes around; going around; went around; gone around
If you go around to someone's house, you go to visit them at their house.

- I asked them to go around to the house to see if they were there.

- Mike went round to see them.

PHR-V (BRIT) also go round

2. go around goes around; going around; went around; gone around
If you go around in a particular way, you behave or dress in that way, often as part of your normal life.

- I had got in the habit of going around with bare feet.

- If they went around complaining publicly, they might not find it so easy to get another job.

PHR-V

3. go around goes around; going around; went around; gone around
If a piece of news or a joke is going around , it is being told by many people in the same period of time.

- There's a nasty sort of rumour going around about it.

PHR-V
= circulate

4. go around goes around; going around; went around; gone around
If there is enough of something to go around , there is enough of it to be shared among a group of people, or to do all the things for which it is needed.

- Eventually we will not have enough water to go around.

PHR-V

go around with *****

go around goes around; going around; went around; gone around
If you go around with a person or group of people, you regularly meet them and go to different places with them.

- I went around with them, but never felt like one of them.

PHR-V (BRIT) also go round with
= hang around

go at *****

go at goes at; going at; went at; gone at
If you go at a task or activity, you start doing it in an energetic, enthusiastic way.

- He sank the spade into the ground, and went at it.

PHR-V

go away *****

1. go away goes away; going away; went away; gone away
If you go away , you leave a place or a person's company.

- I think we need to go away and think about this.

PHR-V

2. go away goes away; going away; went away; gone away
If you go away , you leave a place and spend a period of time somewhere else, especially as a holiday.

- When you go away on holiday, you need to take extra security precautions.

- Why don't you and I go away this weekend?

PHR-V

go back *****

1. go back goes back; going back; went back; gone back
If something goes back to a particular time in the past, it was made or started at that time.

- The feud with the Catholics goes back to the 11th century.

- Our association with him goes back four years.

PHR-V

2. go back goes back; going back; went back; gone back
If someone goes back to a time in the past, they begin to discuss or consider events that happened at that time.

- If you go back to 1960, you'll find that very few jobs were being created.

PHR-V

go back on *****

go back goes back; going back; went back; gone back
If you go back on a promise or agreement, you do not do what you promised or agreed to do.

- The budget crisis has forced the President to go back on his word.

PHR-V

go back to *****

1. go back goes back; going back; went back; gone back
If you go back to a task or activity, you start doing it again after you have stopped doing it for a period of time.

- I now look forward to going back to work as soon as possible.

- Amy went back to studying.

PHR-V

2. go back goes back; going back; went back; gone back
If you go back to a particular point in a lecture, discussion, or book, you start to discuss it.

- Let me just go back to the point I was making.

PHR-V

go before *****

1. go before goes before; going before; went before; gone before
Something that has gone before has happened or been discussed at an earlier time.

- This is a rejection of most of what has gone before.

PHR-V

2. go before goes before; going before; went before; gone before
To go before a judge, tribunal, or court of law means to be present there as part of an official or legal process.

- The case went before Mr Justice Henry on December 23 and was adjourned.

PHR-V

go by *****

1. go by goes by; going by; went by; gone by
If you say that time goes by , you mean that it passes.

- My grandmother was becoming more and more sad and frail as the years went by.

PHR-V
= go on

2. go by goes by; going by; went by; gone by
If you go by something, you use it as a basis for a judgement or action.

- If they prove that I was wrong, then I'll go by what they say.

PHR-V

go down *****

1. go down goes down; going down; went down; gone down
If a price, level, or amount goes down , it becomes lower or less than it was.

- Income from sales tax went down.

- Crime has gone down 70 percent.

- Average life expectancy went down from about 70 to 67.7.

PHR-V
= fall

2. go down goes down; going down; went down; gone down
If you go down on your knees or on all fours, you lower your body until it is supported by your knees, or by your hands and knees.

- I went down on my knees and prayed for guidance.

PHR-V
= get down

3. go down goes down; going down; went down; gone down
In sport, if a person or team goes down , they are defeated in a match or contest.

- They went down 2-1 to Australia.

PHR-V
= lose

4. go down goes down; going down; went down; gone down
In sport, if a team goes down , they move to a lower division in a league. (BRIT)

- Only two go down at the end of this season.

PHR-V
≠ go up

5. go down goes down; going down; went down; gone down
If you say that a remark, idea, or type of behaviour goes down in a particular way, you mean that it gets a particular kind of reaction from a person or group of people.

- Solicitors advised their clients that a tidy look went down well with the magistrates.

PHR-V

6. go down goes down; going down; went down; gone down
When the sun goes down , it goes below the horizon.

- ...the glow left in the sky after the sun has gone down.

PHR-V
= set

7. go down goes down; going down; went down; gone down
If a ship goes down , it sinks. If a plane goes down , it crashes out of the sky.

- Their aircraft went down during a training exercise.

PHR-V

8. go down goes down; going down; went down; gone down
If a computer goes down , it stops functioning temporarily.

- The main computers went down for 30 minutes.

PHR-V

9. go down goes down; going down; went down; gone down
To go down means to happen. (INFORMAL)

- `What's going down? Any ideas?'

PHR-V
= happen

go down as *****

go down goes down; going down; went down; gone down
If you say that an event or action will go down as a particular thing, you mean that it will be regarded, remembered, or recorded as that thing.

- It will go down as one of the highlights of my career.

- The riots of the early '80s must go down as a significant event in British history.

PHR-V

go down on

go down goes down; going down; went down; gone down
To go down on someone means to have oral sex with them. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
PHR-V: V P P, VP

go down with *****

go down goes down; going down; went down; gone down
If you go down with an illness or a disease, you catch it. (INFORMAL)

- Three members of the band went down with flu.

PHR-V
= catch

go for *****

1. go for goes for; going for; went for; gone for
If you go for a particular thing or way of doing something, you choose it.

- People tried to persuade him to go for a more gradual reform programme.

PHR-V
= select

2. go for goes for; going for; went for; gone for
If you go for someone or something, you like them very much. (INFORMAL)

- I tend to go for large dark men.

PHR-V

3. go for goes for; going for; went for; gone for
If you go for someone, you attack them.

- Pantieri went for him, gripping him by the throat.

PHR-V

4. go for goes for; going for; went for; gone for
If you say that a statement you have made about one person or thing also goes for another person or thing, you mean that the statement is also true of this other person or thing.

- It is illegal to dishonour bookings; that goes for restaurants as well as customers.

PHR-V

5. go for goes for; going for; went for; gone for
If something goes for a particular price, it is sold for that amount.

- Some old machines go for as much as 35,000 pounds.

PHR-V
= fetch

go for

verb

1.

favour

admire

be attracted to

be fond of

choose

like

prefer

2.

attack

assail

assault

launch oneself at

rush upon

set about or upon

spring upon

go in *****

go in goes in; going in; went in; gone in
If the sun goes in , a cloud comes in front of it and it can no longer be seen. (BRIT)

- The sun went in, and the breeze became cold.

PHR-V

go in for *****

go in goes in; going in; went in; gone in
If you go in for a particular activity, you decide to do it as a hobby or interest.

- They go in for tennis and bowls.

PHR-V

go into *****

1. go into goes into; going into; went into; gone into
If you go into something, you describe or examine it fully or in detail.

- It was a private conversation and I don't want to go into details about what was said.

PHR-V

2. go into goes into; going into; went into; gone into
If you go into something, you decide to do it as your job or career.

- Mr Pok has now gone into the tourism business.

PHR-V

3. go into goes into; going into; went into; gone into
If an amount of time, effort, or money goes into something, it is spent or used to do it, get it, or make it.

- Is there a lot of effort and money going into this sort of research?

PHR-V

go off *****

1. go off goes off; going off; went off; gone off
If you go off someone or something, you stop liking them. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- `Why have they gone off him now?' --- `It could be something he said.'.

- I started to go off the idea.

PHR-V

2. go off goes off; going off; went off; gone off
If an explosive device or a gun goes off , it explodes or fires.

- A few minutes later the bomb went off, destroying the vehicle.

PHR-V

3. go off goes off; going off; went off; gone off
If an alarm bell goes off , it makes a sudden loud noise.

- Then the fire alarm went off. I just grabbed my clothes and ran out.

PHR-V

4. go off goes off; going off; went off; gone off
If an electrical device goes off , it stops operating.

- As the water came in the windows, all the lights went off.

PHR-V

5. go off goes off; going off; went off; gone off
If you say how an organized event went off , you are saying whether everything happened in the way that was planned or hoped.

- The meeting went off all right.

- The voting went off without any undue irregularities.

PHR-V

6. go off goes off; going off; went off; gone off
Food or drink that has gone off has gone bad. (BRIT)

- Don't eat that! It's mouldy. It's gone off!

PHR-V

go off with *****

1. go off goes off; going off; went off; gone off
If someone goes off with another person, they leave their husband, wife, or lover and have a relationship with that person.

- I suppose Carolyn went off with some man she'd fallen in love with.

PHR-V

2. go off goes off; going off; went off; gone off
If someone goes off with something that belongs to another person, they leave and take it with them.

- He's gone off with my passport.

PHR-V

go off

verb

1.

explode

blow up

detonate

fire

2.

leave

decamp

depart

go away

move out

part

quit

slope off

3.

rot

go bad

go stale

go on *****

1. go on goes on; going on; went on; gone on
If you go on doing something, or go on with an activity, you continue to do it.

- Unemployment is likely to go on rising this year.

- I'm all right here. Go on with your work.

- I don't want to leave, but I can't go on.

PHR-V
= continue

2. go on goes on; going on; went on; gone on
If something is going on , it is happening.

- While this conversation was going on, I was listening with earnest attention.

- I don't know what's going on.

PHR-V
= take place

3. go on goes on; going on; went on; gone on
If a process or institution goes on , it continues to happen or exist.

- The population failed to understand the necessity for the war to go on.

PHR-V
= continue

4. go on goes on; going on; went on; gone on
If you say that a period of time goes on , you mean that it passes.

- Renewable energy will become progressively more important as time goes on.

PHR-V
= go by

5. go on goes on; going on; went on; gone on
If you go on to do something, you do it after you have done something else.

- Alliss retired from golf in 1969 and went on to become a successful broadcaster.

- She went on to say that she had discussed it with the Canadian foreign minister.

PHR-V

6. go on goes on; going on; went on; gone on
If you go on to a place, you go to it from the place that you have reached.

- He goes on to Holland tomorrow.

PHR-V

7. go on goes on; going on; went on; gone on
If you go on , you continue saying something or talking about something.

- Meer cleared his throat several times before he went on.

- `Go on,' Chee said. `I'm interested.'

PHR-V

8. go on goes on; going on; went on; gone on
If you go on about something, or in British English go on at someone, you continue talking about the same thing, often in an annoying way. (INFORMAL)

- Expectations have been raised with the Government going on about choice and market forces.

- She's always going on at me to have a baby.

PHR-V

9. go on goes on; going on; went on; gone on
You say `Go on' to someone to persuade or encourage them to do something. (INFORMAL)

- Go on, it's fun.

PHR-V: only imper

10. go on goes on; going on; went on; gone on
If you talk about the information you have to go on , you mean the information you have available to base an opinion or judgement on.

- But you have to go on the facts.

- There's not much to go on.

PHR-V

11. go on goes on; going on; went on; gone on
If an electrical device goes on , it begins operating.

- A light went on at seven every evening.

PHR-V
= come on

go out *****

1. go out goes out; going out; went out; gone out
If you go out , you leave your home in order to do something enjoyable, for example to go to a party, a bar, or the cinema.

- I'm going out tonight.

PHR-V
≠ stay in

2. go out goes out; going out; went out; gone out
If you go out with someone, the two of you spend time together socially, and have a romantic or sexual relationship.

- I once went out with a French man.

- They've only been going out for six weeks.

PHR-V-RECIP

3. go out goes out; going out; went out; gone out
If you go out to do something, you make a deliberate effort to do it.

- You do not go out to injure opponents.

- It will be a marvellous occasion and they should go out and enjoy it.

PHR-V

4. go out goes out; going out; went out; gone out
If a light goes out , it stops shining.

- The bedroom light went out after a moment.

PHR-V

5. go out goes out; going out; went out; gone out
If something that is burning goes out , it stops burning.

- The fire seemed to be going out.

PHR-V

6. go out goes out; going out; went out; gone out
If a message goes out , it is announced, published, or sent out to people.

- Word went out that a column of tanks was on its way.

PHR-V

7. go out goes out; going out; went out; gone out
When a television or radio programme goes out , it is broadcast. (BRIT)

- The series goes out at 10.30pm, Fridays, on Channel 4.

PHR-V

8. go out goes out; going out; went out; gone out
If a type of thing goes out , it stops existing or being used, usually because it is replaced by something else.

- Double-breasted suits went out years ago.

- The weapons had gone out of use.

PHR-V

9. go out goes out; going out; went out; gone out
When the tide goes out , the water in the sea gradually moves back to a lower level.

- The tide was going out.

PHR-V
≠ come in

10. go out goes out; going out; went out; gone out
If a person or team goes out of a competition, they are defeated in a game and therefore can no longer take part in the competition.

- Newcastle went out of the competition, losing 2-1 on aggregate.

PHR-V

11. go out goes out; going out; went out; gone out
To go out for something means to try to do it or be chosen for it. (AM)

- In seventh grade Mark went out for three sports but was rather poor in two of them.

- You should go out for Supreme Court justice.

PHR-V
= try out for

go out of *****

go out goes out; going out; went out; gone out
If a quality or feeling goes out of someone or something, they no longer have it.

- The fun had gone out of it.

PHR-V

go out

verb Informal

1.

leave

depart

exit

2.

be extinguished

die out

expire

fade out

go over *****

go over goes over; going over; went over; gone over
If you go over a document, incident, or problem, you examine, discuss, or think about it very carefully.

- I won't know how successful it is until an accountant has gone over the books.

PHR-V

go over to *****

1. go over goes over; going over; went over; gone over
If someone or something goes over to a different way of doing things, they change to it.

- The Armed Forces could do away with conscription and go over to a volunteer system.

PHR-V

2. go over goes over; going over; went over; gone over
If you go over to a group or political party, you join them after previously belonging to an opposing group or party.

- Only a small number of tanks and paratroops have gone over to his side.

PHR-V
= defect to

go over

verb

examine

inspect

rehearse

reiterate

review

revise

study

work over

go through *****

1. go through goes through; going through; went through; gone through
If you go through an experience or a period of time, especially an unpleasant or difficult one, you experience it.

- He was going through a very difficult time.

- South Africa was going through a period of irreversible change.

PHR-V

2. go through goes through; going through; went through; gone through
If you go through a lot of things such as papers or clothes, you look at them, usually in order to sort them into groups or to search for a particular item.

- It was evident that someone had gone through my possessions.

PHR-V

3. go through goes through; going through; went through; gone through
If you go through a list, story, or plan, you read or check it from beginning to end.

- Going through his list of customers is a massive job.

PHR-V

4. go through goes through; going through; went through; gone through
When someone goes through a routine, procedure, or series of actions, they perform it in the way they usually do.

- Every night, they go through the same routine: he throws open the bedroom window, she closes it.

PHR-V

5. go through goes through; going through; went through; gone through
If a law, agreement, or official decision goes through , it is approved by a parliament or committee.

- The bill might have gone through if the economy was growing.

PHR-V
= get through

go through with *****

go through goes through; going through; went through; gone through
If you go through with an action you have decided on, you do it, even though it may be very unpleasant or difficult for you.

- Richard pleaded for Belinda to reconsider and not to go through with the divorce.

PHR-V

go through

verb

1.

suffer

bear

brave

endure

experience

tolerate

undergo

withstand

2.

examine

check

explore

forage

hunt

look

search

go towards *****

go towards goes towards; going towards; went towards; gone towards
If an amount of money goes towards something, it is used to pay part of the cost of that thing.

- One per cent of total public spending should eventually go towards the arts.

- Under the new approach more money will go towards improving the standard of training, product design and market research.

PHR-V

go under *****

1. go under goes under; going under; went under; gone under
If a business or project goes under , it becomes unable to continue in operation or in existence.

- If one firm goes under it could provoke a cascade of bankruptcies.

PHR-V
= fail

2. go under goes under; going under; went under; gone under
If a boat, ship, or person in a sea or river goes under , they sink below the surface of the water.

- The ship went under, taking with her all her crew.

PHR-V
= sink

go up *****

1. go up goes up; going up; went up; gone up
If a price, amount, or level goes up , it becomes higher or greater than it was.

- Interest rates went up.

- The cost has gone up to $1.95 a minute.

- Prices have gone up 61 percent since deregulation.

PHR-V
= rise

2. go up goes up; going up; went up; gone up
When a building, wall, or other structure goes up , it is built or fixed in place.

- He noticed a new building going up near Whitaker Park.

PHR-V

3. go up goes up; going up; went up; gone up
If something goes up , it explodes or starts to burn, usually suddenly and with great intensity.

- I was going to get out of the building in case it went up.

- The hotel went up in flames.

PHR-V

4. go up goes up; going up; went up; gone up
If a shout or cheer goes up , it is made by a lot of people together.

- A cheer went up from the other passengers.

PHR-V
= rise

5. go up goes up; going up; went up; gone up
In sport, if a team goes up , they move to a higher division in a league. (BRIT)

- I fancy Leicester to go up.

PHR-V
≠ go down

go with *****

1. go with goes with; going with; went with; gone with
If one thing goes with another thing, the two things officially belong together, so that if you get one, you also get the other.

- ...the lucrative $250,000 salary that goes with the job.

PHR-V
= accompany

2. go with goes with; going with; went with; gone with
If one thing goes with another thing, it is usually found or experienced together with the other thing.

- For many women, the status which goes with being a wife is important.

PHR-V

3. go with goes with; going with; went with; gone with
If someone is going with another person, they are having a sexual or romantic relationship with that person. (INFORMAL)
PHR-V: V P n

go without *****

go without goes without; going without; went without; gone without
If you go without something that you need or usually have or do, you do not get it or do it.

- I have known what it is like to go without food for days.

- The embargo won't hurt us because we're used to going without.

PHR-V

goad

[D.J.:gəʊd]

[K.K.:ɡod]

n.

赶牲口的尖棒

vt.

刺激,激励

(用尖棒)驱赶

goad sb on

驱使(或怂恿、刺激)某人

goad *

1. goad goads goading goaded
If you goad someone, you deliberately make them feel angry or irritated, often causing them to react by doing something.

- He wondered if the psychiatrist was trying to goad him into some unguarded response.

- Charles was always goading me.

VB

2. goad goads
Also a noun.

- Her presence was just one more goad to Joanna's unravelling nerves.

N-COUNT

3. goad
A goad is something that makes someone do a particular thing.

- Ellie uses wit as a goad to try to force people to see what is in front of them.

N-SING
= spur

4. goad goads
A goad is a sharp, pointed stick that is used for driving cattle.
N-COUNT

goad

verb Informal

1.

provoke

drive

egg on

exhort

incite

prod

prompt

spur

noun

2.

provocation

impetus

incentive

incitement

irritation

spur

stimulus

urge

go-ahead

[D.J.:ˈgəʊəˌhed]

[K.K.:ˈɡoəˌhɛd]

adj.

前进着的

n.

〈俗〉前进,进步,放行信号

go-ahead **

1. go-ahead
If you give someone or something the go-ahead , you give them permission to start doing something.

- The Greek government today gave the go-ahead for five major road schemes.

- Don't do any major repair work until you get the go-ahead from your insurers.

N-SING: the N

2. go-ahead
A go-ahead person or organization tries hard to succeed, often by using new methods.

- Fairview Estate is one of the oldest and the most go-ahead wine producers in South Africa.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

goal

[D.J.:ɡəul]

[K.K.:ɡol]

n.

球门

进球得的分

努力的对象, 目标

goal ****

1. goal goals
In games such as soccer, netball or hockey, the goal is the space into which the players try to get the ball in order to score a point for their team.

- The Spaniards put all their strokes past Mason in the England goal to emerge 5-4 winners.

N-COUNT

2. goal goals
In games such as soccer or hockey, a goal is when a player gets the ball into the goal, or the point that is scored by doing this.

- They scored five goals in the first half of the match.

- The scorer of the winning goal.

N-COUNT

3. goal goals
Something that is your goal is something that you hope to achieve, especially when much time and effort will be needed.

- It's a matter of setting your own goals and following them.

- The goal is to raise as much money as possible.

N-COUNT
= target

goal

noun

aim

ambition

end

intention

object

objective

purpose

target

goalie

[D.J.:ˈɡəuli]

[K.K.:ˈɡoli]

n.

守门员

goalie

goalie goalies
A goalie is a goalkeeper. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= goalkeeper

goalkeeper

[D.J.:ˈgəʊlki:pə]

[K.K.:ˈɡolˌkipɚ]

n.

<英><非正>(足球队的)守门员

goalkeeper **

goalkeeper goalkeepers
A goalkeeper is the player in a sports team whose job is to guard the goal.
N-COUNT
= goalie

goalkeeping

goalkeeping
In games such as soccer and hockey, goalkeeping refers to the activity of guarding the goal.

- They were thankful for the excellent goalkeeping of John Lukic.

N-UNCOUNT

goalless

goalless
In soccer, a goalless draw is a game which ends without any goals having been scored.

- The fixture ended in a goalless draw.

- The semi-final finished goalless after extra time.

ADJ

goal line

goal line goal lines
In games such as football and rugby, a goal line is one of the lines at each end of the field.
N-COUNT also goal-line .

goalmouth

[D.J.:ˈgəʊlˌmaʊθ]

[K.K.:ˈɡolˌmaʊθ]

n.

(足球)球门

goalmouth

goalmouth goalmouths
In soccer, the goalmouth is the area just in front of the goal.
N-COUNT

goalpost

[D.J.:ˈgəʊpəʊst]

[K.K.:ˈɡolˌpost]

n.

(足球、曲棍球的)球门柱

goalpost

1. goalpost goalposts
A goalpost is one of the two upright wooden posts that are connected by a crossbar and form the goal in games such as football and rugby.
N-COUNT also goal post .

2. goalpost
If you accuse someone of moving the goalposts , you mean that they have changed the rules in a situation or an activity, in order to gain an advantage for themselves and to make things difficult for other people.

- They seem to move the goal posts every time I meet the conditions which are required.

PHR: V inflects also goal post . disapproval

goat

[D.J.:ɡəut]

[K.K.:ɡot]

n.

山羊

goat **

goat goats
A goat is a farm animal or a wild animal that is about the size of a sheep. Goats have horns, and hairs on their chin which resemble a beard.
N-COUNT

goat cheese

goat cheese goat cheeses
Goat cheese is cheese made from goat's milk.
N-MASS also goat's cheese .

goatee

[D.J.:ɡəuˈti:]

[K.K.:ɡoˈti]

n.

山羊胡子,(只留于下颚的)胡子

goatee

goatee goatees
A goatee is a very short pointed beard that covers a man's chin but not his cheeks.
N-COUNT

gob

[D.J.:ɡɔb]

[K.K.:ɡɑb]

n.

凝块,口,〈俚〉美国水兵

vi.

吐唾沫

gob

1. gob gobs
A person's gob is their mouth. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- Shut your gob.

N-COUNT

2. gob gobs
A gob of a thick, unpleasant liquid is a small amount of it. (INFORMAL)

- ...a gob of spit.

N-COUNT: N of n

3. gob gobs gobbing gobbed
If someone gobs , they spit . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- At a concert in Leeds, some punks gobbed at them and threw beer cans.

VB

4. gob gobs
A gob of something is a lump of it. (AM)

- ...a gob of ice.

N-COUNT

5. gob gobs
Gobs of something means a lot of it. (AM, INFORMAL)

- We're getting input from gobs of sources.

N-PLURAL
= loads

gobbet

[D.J.:ˈɡɔbit]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑbɪt]

n.

团块,一口,小片

gobbet

1. gobbet gobbets
A gobbet of something soft, especially food, is a small lump or piece of it.

- ...gobbets of meat.

N-COUNT

2. gobbet gobbets
A gobbet of information is a small piece of it.
N-COUNT

gobble

[D.J.:ˈgɔbəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑbəl]

vt. & vi.

狼吞虎咽地吃

vi.

(火鸡)咯咯地叫,发出似火鸡的叫声

gobble sth down/up

赶快吃

gobble sth up

很快耗掉(尤指金钱)

吞并较小的公司等

gobble *

1. gobble gobbles gobbling gobbled
If you gobble food, you eat it quickly and greedily.

- Pete gobbled all the beef stew.

VB

2. gobble down gobbles down; gobbling down; gobbled down
Gobble down and gobble up mean the same as gobble .

- There were dangerous beasts in the river that might gobble you up.

PHR-V

gobble

verb

devour

bolt

cram

gorge

gulp

guzzle

stuff

swallow

wolf

gobble up *

1. gobble up gobbles up; gobbling up; gobbled up
If an organization gobbles up a smaller organization, it takes control of it or destroys it.

- Banc One of Ohio has built an empire in the mid-west by gobbling up smaller banks.

PHR-V

2. gobble up gobbles up; gobbling up; gobbled up
To gobble up something such as money means to use or waste a lot of it.

- The firm's expenses gobbled up 44% of revenues.

PHR-V

gobbledygook

[D.J.:ˈɡɔbəldiˈɡu:k]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑbəldiˌɡʊk]

n.

官样文章

gobbledygook

gobbledygook
If you describe a speech or piece of writing as gobbledygook , you are criticizing it for seeming like nonsense and being very technical or complicated. (INFORMAL)

- When he asked questions, the answers came back in Wall Street gobbledygook.

N-UNCOUNT also gobbledegook . disapproval

go-between

[D.J.:ˈgəʊbɪtwi:n]

[K.K.: ˈɡobəˌtwin]

n.

媒介者;中间人

go-between *

go-between go-betweens
A go-between is a person who takes messages between people who are unable or unwilling to meet each other.

- He will act as a go-between to try and work out an agenda.

N-COUNT
= intermediary

go-between

noun

intermediary

agent

broker

dealer

mediator

medium

middleman

goblet

[D.J.:ˈgɔblɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑblɪt]

n.

高脚酒杯

goblet

goblet goblets
A goblet is a type of cup without handles and usually with a long stem.
N-COUNT

goblin

[D.J.:ˈgɔblɪn]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑblɪn]

n.

小妖精,丑妖精

goblin

goblin goblins
In fairy stories, a goblin is a small, ugly creature which usually enjoys causing trouble.
N-COUNT

gobsmacked

adj.

大吃一惊的,目瞪口呆的

gobsmacked

gobsmacked
If you say that you were gobsmacked by something, you are emphasizing how surprised you were by it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I was really gobsmacked when I saw your picture of a model wearing a hat with a toy airplane on it.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= stunned

god

[D.J.:ɡɔd]

[K.K.:ɡɑd]

n.

神

上帝, 天主

极受崇敬的人; 过分注意的事物

gods

[ɡɔdz]

n.

〈非正〉(剧院后部的)最高层楼座

god ****

1. god
The name God is given to the spirit or being who is worshipped as the creator and ruler of the world, especially by Jews, Christians, and Muslims.

- He believes in God.

- God bless you.

N-PROPER

2. god
People sometimes use God in exclamations to emphasize something that they are saying, or to express surprise, fear, or excitement. This use could cause offence.

- God, how I hated him!.

- Oh my God he's shot somebody.

- Good God, it's Mr Harper!.

- God Almighty, Hart, you scared me silly.

CONVENTION emphasis

3. god gods
In many religions, a god is one of the spirits or beings that are believed to have power over a particular part of the world or nature.

- ...Pan, the God of nature.

- ...Zeus, king of the gods.

N-COUNT

4. god gods
Someone who is admired very much by a person or group of people, and who influences them a lot, can be referred to as a god .

- To his followers he was a god.

N-COUNT

5. god
If you say God forbid , you are expressing your hope that something will not happen.

- If, God forbid, something goes wrong, I don't know what I would do.

PHR: PHR with cl feelings
= heaven forbid

6. god
If a person thinks they are God's gift to someone or something, they think they are perfect or extremely good. (INFORMAL)

- Are men god's gift to women? Some of them think they are.

PHR: v-link PHR

7. god
You use God help you to warn someone that something unpleasant will happen to them if they do a particular thing. (INFORMAL)

- God help him if he gets in my way.

- The boss says you must wear a tie. And God help you if you don't.

PHR: PHR n
= heaven help

8. god
If you feel sorry for someone because they are in a difficult or unpleasant situation, especially if you think that nobody can help them, you can say God help them . (INFORMAL)

- `God help them,' he said. `They're beyond help.'

PHR: PHR n feelings
= heaven help

9. god
If you say God help us , you mean that you have negative feelings about the person or situation you are talking about. (INFORMAL)

- The first song is 11 minutes long, the last nearly the same, and, God help us, there's a drum solo along the way.

PHR: PHR with cl disapproval
= heaven help

10. god
You can say God knows , God only knows , or God alone knows to emphasize that you do not know something.

- Gunga spoke God knows how many languages.

- God alone knows what she thinks.

PHR: PHR wh emphasis

11. god
If someone says God knows in reply to a question, they mean that they do not know the answer.

- `Where is he now?' `God knows.'

PHR emphasis

12. god
The term a man of God is sometimes used to refer to Christian priests or ministers.

- I am a man of God.

PHR

13. god
If someone uses such expressions as what in God's name , why in God's name , or how in God's name , they are emphasizing how angry, annoyed, or surprised they are. (INFORMAL)

- What in God's name do you expect me to do?.

- Why in God's name did you have to tell her?.

PHR emphasis

14. god
If someone plays God , they act as if they have unlimited power and can do anything they want.

- You have no right to play God in my life!

PHR: V inflects disapproval

15. god
You say please God to emphasize a strong hope, wish, or desire that you have.

- Please God, let him telephone me now.

PHR: usu PHR with cl emphasis

16. god
You can use God in expressions such as I hope to God , or I wish to God , or I swear to God , in order to emphasize what you are saying.

- I hope to God they are paying you well.

- I wish to God I hadn't met you.

PHR: usu v PHR that emphasis

17. god
If you say God willing , you are saying that something will happen if all goes well.

- God willing, there will be a breakthrough.

PHR

god-awful

[D.J.:ˈgɔdˈɔ:fəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑdˈɔfəl]

adj.

令人憎恶的，糟透的

god-awful

god-awful
If someone says that something is god-awful , they think it is very unpleasant. This word could cause offence. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also godawful emphasis

godchild

[D.J.:ˈɡɔdtʃaild]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑdˌtʃaɪld]

n.

教子,名义上的儿子

godchild

godchild godchildren
In the Christian religion, your godchild is a person that you promise to help bring up in the Christian faith.
N-COUNT: usu with poss

goddammit

[ɡɔˈdæmit]

int.

〈口〉该死，要命(表示愤怒、不满、困惑、惊讶等)

goddammit

goddammit
Some people say goddammit when they are angry or irritated. This use could cause offence. (INFORMAL)
EXCLAM also goddamnit , goddamn it . feelings

goddamn

[D.J.:ˈɡɔddæm]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑdˈdæm]

adj.

(受)诅咒的,讨厌的

goddamn *

1. goddamn
Some people use goddamn when they are angry, surprised, or excited. This use could cause offence. (INFORMAL)
ADJ: ADJ n also goddam , goddamned . feelings

2. goddamn
Also an adverb.
ADV: ADV adj also goddam , goddamned .

goddamned

[D.J.:ˈɡɔddæmd]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑdˈdæmd]

adj.

(受)诅咒的,讨厌的

goddamned *

goddamned
Goddamned means the same as goddamn . This use could cause offence. (INFORMAL)
ADJ: usu ADJ n

goddaughter

[D.J.:ˈ g ɔdˌd ɔ:tə]

[K.K.:ˈɡ ɑdˌd ɔtɚ]

n.

教女

goddaughter

goddaughter goddaughters
A goddaughter is a female godchild.
N-COUNT: usu with poss also god-daughter .

goddess

[D.J.:ˈgɔdɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑdɪs]

n.

女神

被崇拜的女人

goddess **

goddess goddesses
In many religions, a goddess is a female spirit or being that is believed to have power over a particular part of the world or nature.

- ...Diana, the goddess of war.

N-COUNT

godfather

[D.J.:ˈgɔdˌfɑ:ðə]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑdˌfɑðɚ]

n.

教父

godfather *

1. godfather godfathers
A godfather is a male godparent.
N-COUNT

2. godfather godfathers
A powerful man who is at the head of a criminal organization is sometimes referred to as a godfather .

- ...the feared godfather of the Mafia.

N-COUNT

3. godfather godfathers
You can refer to a man who started or developed something such as a style of music as the godfather of that thing. (JOURNALISM)

- ...the godfather of soul, James Brown.

N-COUNT: N of n

God-fearing

adj.

虔诚的，敬神的

God-fearing

God-fearing
A God-fearing person is religious and behaves according to the moral rules of their religion.

- They brought up their children to be God-fearing Christians.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

God-forsaken

God-forsaken
If you say that somewhere is a God-forsaken place, you dislike it a lot because you find it very boring and depressing.

- I don't want to stay here, in this job and in this God-forsaken country.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

Godhead

Godhead
The Godhead is the essential nature of God.
N-SING: usu the N

godless

[D.J.:ˈɡɔdlis]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑdlɪs]

adj.

不信神的,不敬神的,无神论者的

godless

1. godless
If you say that a person or group of people is godless , you disapprove of them because they do not believe in God.

- ...a godless and alienated society.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

2. godlessness

- For them, Moscow was not just the seat of communist godlessness, it was an enemy.

N-UNCOUNT

godlike

[D.J.:ˈɡɔdlaik]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑdˌlaɪk]

adj.

似神的,庄严的,与神相称的

godlike

godlike
A godlike person or a person with godlike qualities is admired or respected very much as if he or she were perfect.

- His energy and talent elevate him to godlike status.

- ...a godlike being with curly hair...

- They were godlike in their wisdom and compassion.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

godlike

adjective

divine

celestial

heavenly

superhuman

transcendent

godliness

n.

虔诚,信仰,敬神

godliness

1. godliness
Godliness is the quality of being godly.
N-UNCOUNT

2. godliness
If someone says that cleanliness is next to godliness , they are referring to the idea that people have a moral duty to keep themselves and their homes clean.
PHR

godly

[D.J.:ˈɡɔdli]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑdli]

adj.

正直的,神圣的

godly

godly
A godly person is someone who is deeply religious and shows obedience to the rules of their religion.

- ...a learned and godly preacher.

- ...the godly life.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

godly

adjective

devout

god-fearing

good

holy

pious

religious

righteous

saintly

godmother

[D.J.:ˈgɔdˌmʌðə]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑdˌmʌðɚ]

n.

教母

a/your fairy godmother

意想不到的恩人；危难时提供帮助的救星

godmother

godmother godmothers
A godmother is a female godparent.
N-COUNT: usu with poss

godparent

[D.J.:ˈgɔdˌpeərənt, -ˌpær-]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑdˌpɛrənt, -ˌpær-]

n.

教父,教母

godparent

godparent godparents
In the Christian religion, if you are the godparent of a younger person, you promise to help bring them up in the Christian faith.
N-COUNT: usu with poss

godsend

[D.J.:ˈgɔdˌsend]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑdˌsɛnd]

n.

<非正>天赐之物;意外的好运

godsend

godsend
If you describe something as a godsend , you are emphasizing that it helps you very much.

- Pharmacists are a godsend when you don't feel sick enough to call the doctor.

N-SING: a N emphasis

godsend

noun

blessing

boon

manna

stroke of luck

windfall

godson

[D.J.:ˈgɔdˌsʌn]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑdˌsʌn]

n.

教子;(天主教)代子

godson

godson godsons
A godson is a male godchild.
N-COUNT: usu with poss

Godspeed

[D.J.:ɡɔdˈspi:d]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑdˈspid]

n.

成功的祝福

Godspeed

Godspeed
The term Godspeed is sometimes used in order to wish someone success and safety, especially if they are about to go on a long and dangerous journey. (FORMAL)

- I know you will join me in wishing them Godspeed.

CONVENTION also godspeed .

-goer

-goer
-goer is added to words such as `theatre', `church', and `film' to form nouns which describe people who regularly go to that type of place or event.

- They are regular church-goers.

- Excited party-goers often don't have very big appetites.

COMB in N-COUNT

gofer

[D.J.:ˈɡəufə]

[K.K.:ˈɡofɚ]

n.

〈美俚〉兼勤杂工作的办事员

gofer

gofer gofers
A gofer is a person whose job is to do simple and rather boring tasks for someone. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= dogsbody

go-getter

[D.J.:ˈɡəuˈɡetə]

[K.K.:ˈɡoˌɡɛtɚ, -ˈɡɛt-]

n.

〈俚〉非常积极能干的人,老手

go-getter

go-getter go-getters
If someone is a go-getter , they are very energetic and eager to succeed.
N-COUNT approval

goggle

[D.J.:ˈɡɔɡl]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑɡəl]

vi.

睁大眼睛瞪视, (惊讶的)转动眼珠

n.

护目镜, 防风镜, 防水镜

goggled

戴护目镜的

goggles

[D.J.:ˈ g ɔ glz]

[K.K.:ˈɡ ɑ ɡlz]

n.

护目镜

goggle *

1. goggle goggles goggling goggled
If you goggle at something, you stare at it with your eyes wide open, usually because you are surprised by it.

- She goggled at me.

- He goggled in bewilderment.

VB
= stare

2. goggle goggles
Goggles are large glasses that fit closely to your face around your eyes to protect them from such things as water, wind, or dust.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

goggle-eyed

[D.J.:ˈɡɔɡlaid]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑɡəlˌaɪd]

adj.

突眼的,眼珠突出的

goggle-eyed

1. goggle-eyed
If you say that someone is goggle-eyed , you mean that they are very surprised or interested by something.

- Johnson stared goggle-eyed at Kravis' sumptuous quarters.

ADJ: ADJ n, ADJ after v, v-link ADJ
= wide-eyed

2. goggle-eyed
If you say that someone is goggle-eyed , you mean they watch television a lot. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
ADJ disapproval

go-go

[D.J.:ˈɡəuˌɡəu]

[K.K.:ˈɡoˌɡo]

adj.

歌舞的, 表演歌舞的

新式的; 热心的

go-go *

1. go-go
A go-go dancer is a young woman whose job involves dancing to pop music in nightclubs wearing very few clothes.
ADJ: ADJ n

2. go-go
A go-go period of time is a time when people make a lot of money and businesses are growing. A go-go company is very energetic and is growing fast. (mainly AM)

- Current economic activity is markedly slower than during the go-go years of the mid to late 1980s.

- It will be a go-go business with pre-tax profits forecast to climb from £152m last year to £200m.

ADJ: ADJ n

-going

1. -going
-going is added to nouns such as `theatre', `church', and `film' to form nouns which describe the activity of going to that type of place or event.

- It is the cinema-going public who decide whether a film is a blockbuster or not.

- ...his party-going days as a student .

COMB in N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. -going
-going is added to nouns such as `ocean', `sea', and `road' to form adjectives which describe vehicles that are designed for that type of place.

- ...one of the largest ocean-going liners in the world.

- ...a new range of road-going bicycles.

COMB: COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. -going
-going is added to nouns that refer to directions to form adjectives which describe things that are moving in that direction.

- There is a strong west-going tide, even one mile offshore.

- The material can absorb outward-going radiation from the Earth.

COMB: COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n

going-over

[D.J.:ˈɡəuiŋˈəuvə]

[K.K.:ˌɡoɪŋˈovɚ]

n.

彻底检查[检修]

痛打; 斥责

going-over

1. going-over
If you give someone or something a going-over , you examine them thoroughly. (INFORMAL)

- Michael was given a complete going-over and then treated for glandular fever.

N-SING

2. going-over
A going-over is a violent attack on or criticism of someone. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He gets a terrible going-over in these pages.

N-SING
= pasting

goings-on

[D.J.:ˌgəʊɪŋzˈɔn, -ˈɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˌɡoɪŋzˈɑn, -ˈɔn]

n.

举动,发生的事情

goings-on

goings-on
If you describe events or activities as goings-on , you mean that they are strange, interesting, amusing, or dishonest.

- The Swiss girl had found out about the goings-on in the factory.

- ...strange goings-on between Cantrell and his men.

N-PLURAL

goitre

[ˈɡɔitə]

n.

甲状腺肿,肿物

goitre

goitre goitres
Goitre is a disease of the thyroid gland that makes a person's neck very swollen.
N-VAR (AM) also goiter

go-kart

[D.J.:ˈɡəuˌkɑ:t]

[K.K.:ˈɡoˌkɑrt]

n.

游戏用的无车体小型汽车,其商标名

go-kart

go-kart go-karts
A go-kart is a very small motor vehicle with four wheels, used for racing.
N-COUNT also go-cart .

go-karting

go-karting
Go-karting is the sport of racing or riding on go-karts.
N-UNCOUNT

gold

[D.J.:ɡəuld]

[K.K.:ɡold]

n.

金, 黄金

金色

adj.

金(制)的

金色的

gold ****

1. gold
Gold is a valuable, yellow-coloured metal that is used for making jewellery and ornaments, and as an international currency.

- ...a sapphire set in gold...

- The price of gold was going up.

- ...gold coins.

N-UNCOUNT

2. gold
Gold is jewellery and other things that are made of gold.

- We handed over all our gold and money.

N-UNCOUNT

3. gold golds
Something that is gold is a bright yellow colour, and is often shiny.

- I'd been wearing Michel's black and gold shirt.

COLOUR

4. gold golds
A gold is the same as a gold medal . (INFORMAL)

- His ambition was to win gold at the Atlanta Games in 1996.

- This Saturday the British star is going for gold in the Winter Olympics.

N-VAR

5. gold
If you say that a child is being as good as gold , you are emphasizing that they are behaving very well and are not causing you any problems.

- The boys were as good as gold on our walk.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v emphasis

6. gold
If you say that someone has a heart of gold , you are emphasizing that they are very good and kind to other people.

- They are all good boys with hearts of gold. They would never steal.

PHR: heart inflects, v PHR, with PHR emphasis

7. gold
Money that someone hopes they will get in the future is sometimes referred to as a pot of gold . Also a crock of gold , mainly in British English.

- I would rather be honest with people than tell them that there is going to be some pot of gold at the end of the rainbow.

PHR

gold card

gold card gold cards
A gold card is a special type of credit card that gives you extra benefits such as a higher spending limit.
N-COUNT

gold digger

gold digger gold diggers
A gold digger is a person who has a relationship with someone who is rich in order to get money or expensive things from them.
N-COUNT disapproval

gold dust

1. gold dust
Gold dust is gold in the form of a fine powder.
N-UNCOUNT

2. gold dust
If you say that a type of thing is like gold dust or is gold dust , you mean that it is very difficult to obtain, usually because everyone wants it. (BRIT)

- Tickets were like gold dust.

N-UNCOUNT

golden

[D.J.:ˈɡəuldən]

[K.K.:ˈɡoldən]

adj.

金子般的, 金色的

极好的, 非常有利的

golden ***

1. golden
Something that is golden is bright yellow in colour. (LITERARY)

- She combed and arranged her golden hair.

- ...an endless golden beach.

ADJ

2. golden
Golden things are made of gold. (LITERARY)

- ...a golden chain with a golden locket.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. golden
If you describe something as golden , you mean it is wonderful because it is likely to be successful and rewarding, or because it is the best of its kind.

- He says there's a golden opportunity for peace which must be seized.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. golden
If you refer to a man as a golden boy or a woman as a golden girl , you mean that they are especially popular and successful.

- When the movie came out the critics went wild, hailing Tarantino as the golden boy of the 1990s.

PHR

golden

adjective

1.

yellow

blond or blonde

flaxen

2.

successful

flourishing

glorious

halcyon

happy

prosperous

rich

3.

promising

excellent

favourable

opportune

golden age *

golden age golden ages
A golden age is a period of time during which a very high level of achievement is reached in a particular field of activity, especially in art or literature.

- You grew up in the golden age of American children's books.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

golden handshake

golden handshake golden handshakes
A golden handshake is a large sum of money that a company gives to an employee when he or she leaves, as a reward for long service or good work.
N-COUNT

golden jubilee

golden jubilee golden jubilees
A golden jubilee is the 50th anniversary of an important or special event.

- The company is celebrating its golden jubilee.

N-COUNT

golden oldie

golden oldie golden oldies
People sometimes refer to something that is still successful or popular even though it is quite old as a golden oldie . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

golden rule

golden rule golden rules
A golden rule is a principle you should remember because it will help you to be successful.

- Hanson's golden rule is to add value to whatever business he buys.

N-COUNT

golden syrup

golden syrup
Golden syrup is a sweet food in the form of a thick, sticky, yellow liquid. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

golden wedding

golden wedding golden weddings
A golden wedding or a golden wedding anniversary is the 50th anniversary of a wedding.
N-COUNT

goldfield

[D.J.:ˈɡəuldfi:ld]

[K.K.:ˈɡoldˌfild]

n.

采金区,金矿区

goldfield

goldfield goldfields
A goldfield is an area of land where gold is found.
N-COUNT

goldfish

[D.J.:ˈgəʊldˌfɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈɡoldˌfɪʃ]

n.

金鱼

goldfish *

goldfish
Goldfish are small gold or orange fish which are often kept as pets.
N-COUNT goldfish is both the singular and the plural form

gold leaf

gold leaf
Gold leaf is gold that has been beaten flat into very thin sheets and is used for decoration, for example to form the letters on the cover of a book.
N-UNCOUNT

gold medal **

gold medal gold medals
A gold medal is a medal made of gold which is awarded as first prize in a contest or competition.
N-COUNT

goldmine

n.

金矿,金山,财源;宝库

goldmine

goldmine
If you describe something such as a business or idea as a goldmine , you mean that it produces large profits.

- The book is a goldmine.

- The programme was a goldmine for small production companies.

N-SING

gold-plated

gold-plated
Something that is gold-plated is covered with a very thin layer of gold.

- ...marble bathrooms with gold-plated taps.

ADJ

gold-rimmed

gold-rimmed
Gold-rimmed glasses have gold-coloured frames.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

gold rush

gold rush gold rushes
A gold rush is a situation when a lot of people suddenly go to a place where gold has been discovered.
N-COUNT

goldsmith

[D.J.:ˈgəʊldˌsmɪθ]

[K.K.:ˈɡoldˌsmɪθ]

n.

金匠;金器商

goldsmith

goldsmith goldsmiths
A goldsmith is a person whose job is making jewellery and other objects using gold.
N-COUNT

golf

[D.J.:ɡɔlf]

[K.K.:ɡɑlf, ɡɔlf]

n.

高尔夫球运动

golf ***

golf
Golf is a game in which you use long sticks called clubs to hit a small, hard ball into holes that are spread out over a large area of grassy land.
N-UNCOUNT

golf ball *

golf ball golf balls
A golf ball is a small, hard white ball which people use when they are playing golf.
N-COUNT

golf club *

1. golf club golf clubs
A golf club is a long, thin, metal stick with a piece of wood or metal at one end that you use to hit the ball in golf.
N-COUNT

2. golf club golf clubs
A golf club is a social organization which provides a golf course and a building to meet in for its members.
N-COUNT

golf course *

golf course golf courses
A golf course is a large area of grass which is specially designed for people to play golf on.
N-COUNT also golf-course .

golfer

[D.J.:ˈgɔlfə]

高尔夫球手

golfer **

golfer golfers
A golfer is a person who plays golf for pleasure or as a profession.
N-COUNT

golfing

[ˈɡɔlfiŋ]

n.

打高尔夫球

golfing *

1. golfing
Golfing is used to describe things that involve the playing of golf or that are used while playing golf.

- He was wearing a cream silk shirt and a tartan golfing cap.

- ...a golfing holiday in Spain.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. golfing
Golfing is the activity of playing golf.

- You can play tennis or go golfing.

N-UNCOUNT

golly

[D.J.:ˈgɔli:]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑli]

int.

(用以表示惊奇)天哪！啊！

golly

1. golly
Some people say golly to indicate that they are very surprised by something. (INFORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED)

- `Golly,' he says, `Isn't it exciting!'

EXCLAM feelings

2. golly
Some people say by golly to emphasize that something did happen or should happen. (INFORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED)

- By golly we can do something about it this time.

EXCLAM emphasis

gondola

[D.J.:ˈɡɔndələ]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑndlə, ɡɑnˈdolə]

n.

狭长小船,两头尖的平底船,无盖货车

gondola

gondola gondolas
A gondola is a long narrow boat that is used especially in Venice. It has a flat bottom and curves upwards at both ends. A person stands at one end of the boat and uses a long pole to move and steer it.
N-COUNT

goner

[D.J.:ˈɡɔnə]

[K.K.:ˈɡɔnɚ, ˈɡɑnɚ]

n.

〈俗〉将死者,落魄的人,无望的人

goner

goner goners
If you say that someone is a goner , you mean that they are about to die, or are in such danger that nobody can save them. (INFORMAL)

- She fell so heavily I thought she was a goner.

N-COUNT

gong

[D.J.:gɔ:ŋ, gɔŋ]

[K.K.:ɡɔŋ, ɡɑŋ]

n.

锣

gong *

1. gong gongs
A gong is a large, flat, circular piece of metal that you hit with a hammer to make a sound like a loud bell. Gongs are sometimes used as musical instruments, or to give a signal that it is time to do something.

- On the stroke of seven, a gong summons guests into the dining-room.

N-COUNT

2. gong gongs
People sometimes refer to a medal or an award as a gong . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Spike Milligan has finally got the gong he had been promised.

- ...peerages, knighthoods and other assorted gongs.

N-COUNT

gonna

[D.J.:ˈɡɔnə]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌnə]

n.

〈美〉将要

gonna

gonna
Gonna is used in written English to represent the words `going to' when they are pronounced informally.

- Then what am I gonna do?

gonorrhoea

[ˌɡɔnəˈri:ə]

n.

淋病

gonorrhoea

gonorrhoea
Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) gonorrhea

goo

[D.J.:ɡu:]

[K.K.:ɡu]

n.

黏性物,感伤

goo

goo
You can use goo to refer to any thick, sticky substance, for example mud or paste. (INFORMAL)

- ...a sticky goo of pineapple and coconut.

N-UNCOUNT

good afternoon

good afternoon
You say ` Good afternoon ' when you are greeting someone in the afternoon. (FORMAL)
CONVENTION formulae

goodbye

[ˌɡudˈbai]

n.

再见

goodbye **

1. goodbye
You say ` Goodbye ' to someone when you or they are leaving, or at the end of a telephone conversation.
CONVENTION also good-bye . formulae

2. goodbye goodbyes
When you say your goodbyes , you say something such as `Goodbye' when you leave.

- He said his goodbyes knowing that a long time would pass before he would see his child again.

- I said a hurried goodbye and walked home in the cold.

- Perry and I exchanged goodbyes.

N-COUNT: usu supp N also good-bye .

3. goodbye
When you say goodbye to someone, you say something such as `Goodbye', `Bye', or `See you', when you or they are leaving. You can also wave goodbye to someone.

- He left without saying goodbye.

- He wanted to say goodbye to you.

- They came to the front door to wave goodbye.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR to n also good-bye .

4. goodbye
If you say goodbye or wave goodbye to something that you want or usually have, you accept that you are not going to have it.

- He has probably said goodbye to his last chance of Olympic gold.

- We can wave goodbye to the sort of protection that people at work need and deserve.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n also good-bye .

goodbye

noun

farewell

adieu

leave-taking

parting

good day

good day
People sometimes say ` Good day ' instead of `Hello' or `Goodbye'. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Well, I'd better be off. Good day to you.

CONVENTION formulae

good evening *

good evening
You say ` Good evening ' when you are greeting someone in the evening. (FORMAL)
CONVENTION formulae

good-for-nothing

[D.J.:ˈgʊdfəˈnʌθɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡʊdfɚˈnʌθɪŋ]

adj.

无用的;无益的

n.

无用之人

good-for-nothing

1. good-for-nothing
If you describe someone as good-for-nothing , you think that they are lazy or irresponsible.

- ...a good-for-nothing fourteen-year-old son who barely knows how to read and count.

ADJ: ADJ n
= lazy

2. good-for-nothing good-for-nothings
Also a noun.

- ...lazy good-for-nothings.

N-COUNT

good-for-nothing

noun

1.

layabout

black sheep

idler

ne'er-do-well

skiver Brit. slang

slacker informal

waster

wastrel

adjective

2.

worthless

feckless

idle

irresponsible

useless

Good Friday

Good Friday
Good Friday is the day on which Christians remember the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. It is the Friday before Easter Sunday.
N-UNCOUNT

good guy

good guy good guys
You can refer to the good characters in a film or story as the good guys . You can also refer to the good guys in a situation in real life. (INFORMAL) (mainly AM; in BRIT use goodies )

- There was a fine line between the good guys and the bad guys.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= goody ≠ bad guys

good-humoured

[D.J.:ˈgʊdˈhju:məd]

[K.K.:ˈɡʊdˈhjuməd]

adj.

快乐的,愉快的

good-humoured

good-humoured
A good-humoured person or atmosphere is pleasant and cheerful.

- Charles was brave and remarkably good-humoured.

- It was a good humoured conference.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) good-humored

good-looking

[D.J.:ˌgʊdˈlʊkɪŋ]

[K.K.: ˈɡʊdˈlʊkɪŋ]

adj.

好看的,漂亮的;美貌的

good-looking **

good-looking better-looking best-looking
Someone who is good-looking has an attractive face.

- Cassandra noticed him because he was good-looking.

- ...a good-looking woman.

ADJ-GRADED

goodly

[D.J.:ˈɡudli]

[K.K.:ˈɡʊdli]

adj.

优秀的,优美的

goodly

goodly
A goodly amount or part of something is a fairly large amount or part of it, often more than was expected. (FORMAL)

- The Central Intelligence Agency employed a goodly number of expert professionals in this particular field.

- Laski spent a goodly part of his lecturing life in American universities.

ADJ: ADJ n
= substantial

goodly

adjective

considerable

ample

large

significant

sizable or sizeable

substantial

tidy informal

good morning *

good morning
You say ` Good morning ' when you are greeting someone in the morning. (FORMAL)
CONVENTION formulae

good-natured

[D.J.:ɡudˈneitʃəd]

[K.K.:ˈɡʊdˈnetʃəd]

adj.

和蔼的,和善的

good-natured *

good-natured
A good-natured person or animal is naturally friendly and does not get angry easily.

- Bates looks like a good-natured lad.

- He was good natured about it, he didn't fuss.

ADJ-GRADED

goodness

[D.J.:ˈɡudnis]

[K.K.:ˈɡʊdnɪs]

n.

良好, 善良, 优良

精华, 精髓

上帝

int.

天哪

goodness **

1. goodness
People sometimes say ` goodness ' or ` my goodness ' to express surprise.

- Goodness, I wonder if he knows.

- My goodness, he's earned millions in his career.

EXCLAM feelings
thank goodness : see thank .

2. goodness
Goodness is the quality of being kind, helpful, and honest.

- He retains a faith in human goodness.

N-UNCOUNT

goodness

noun

1.

excellence

merit

quality

superiority

value

worth

2.

kindness

benevolence

friendliness

generosity

goodwill

humaneness

kind-heartedness

kindliness

mercy

3.

virtue

honesty

honour

integrity

merit

morality

probity

rectitude

righteousness

uprightness

4.

benefit

advantage

salubriousness

wholesomeness

goodnight

[D.J.:ˈ gʊdˈnaɪt]

[K.K.:ˌɡʊdˈnaɪt]

n.

晚安,再见

goodnight *

1. goodnight
You say ` Goodnight ' to someone late in the evening before one of you goes home or goes to sleep.
CONVENTION also good night . formulae

2. goodnight
If you say goodnight to someone or kiss them goodnight , you say something such as `Goodnight' to them or kiss them before one of you goes home or goes to sleep.

- Eleanor went upstairs to say goodnight to the children.

- Both men rose to their feet and kissed her goodnight.

- ...a goodnight kiss.

PHR also good night .

goods

[ɡudz]

n.

商品, 货物

个人财物

goods ****

1. goods
Goods are things that are made to be sold.

- Money can be exchanged for goods or services.

- ...a wide range of consumer goods.

N-PLURAL

2. goods
Your goods are the things that you own and that can be moved.

- All his worldly goods were packed into a neat checked carrier bag.

- You can give your unwanted goods to charity.

N-PLURAL: usu poss adj N

3. goods
If you deliver the goods or come up with the goods , you do what is expected or required of you. (INFORMAL)

- As long as I deliver the goods, my boss is very happy.

PHR: V inflects

4. goods
If you get the goods or have the goods on someone, you have evidence that they have done something wrong or criminal.

- He was the victim of those in his own party who had the goods on him.

PHR: V inflects

goods

plural noun

1.

property

belongings

chattels

effects

gear

paraphernalia

possessions

things

trappings

2.

merchandise

commodities

stock

stuff

wares

goods train

goods train goods trains
A goods train is a train that transports goods and not people. (BRIT; in AM use freight train )
N-COUNT

good-tempered

[D.J.:ˈgʊdˈtempəd]

[K.K.:ˈɡʊdˈtɛmpəd]

adj.

好脾气的,和蔼的,宽容的

good-tempered

good-tempered
A good-tempered person or animal is naturally friendly and pleasant and does not easily get angry or upset.

- He was a happy, good-tempered child.

- ...a horse which is quiet and good tempered.

ADJ-GRADED
= good-natured

goodwill

[D.J.:ˈgʊdˈwɪl]

[K.K.:ˈɡʊdˈwɪl]

n.

友好, 亲善, 善意

(企业的)信誉, 声誉

goodwill **

goodwill
Goodwill is a friendly or helpful attitude towards other people, countries, or organizations.

- I invited them to dinner, a gesture of goodwill.

- They depend on the goodwill of visitors to pick up rubbish.

N-UNCOUNT

goodwill

noun

friendliness

amity

benevolence

friendship

heartiness

kindliness

goody

[D.J.:ˈgʊdi:]

[K.K.:ˈɡʊdi]

n.

特别吸引人的东西, 美味的食品

int.

太好啦(尤指小孩用以表示高兴的用语)

goody *

1. goody goodies
You can refer to pleasant, exciting, or attractive things as goodies . (INFORMAL)

- ...a little bag of goodies...

- Birmingham, the `UK City of Music', will be parading its finest artistic goodies.

N-COUNT: usu pl also goodie .

2. goody goodies
You can refer to the heroes or the morally good characters in a film or story as the goodies . You can also refer to the goodies in a situation in real life. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM usually use good guys )

- ...the thriller, a genre which depends on goodies and baddies...

- There are few goodies and baddies in this industrial dispute.

N-COUNT: usu pl also goodie .
= good guy ≠ baddy

3. goody
People, especially children, say goody in order to express their pleasure or approval of something. (INFORMAL)

- Oh, goody, I like games.

EXCLAM also goodie . feelings

goody bag

goody bag goody bags
A goody bag is a bag of little gifts, often given away by manufacturers in order to encourage people to try their products. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

goody-goody

[D.J.:ˈgʊdɪgʊdɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡʊdɪˈɡʊdɪ]

adj.

<口>假道学的;伪善的

n.

伪善者

a goody two-shoes

善于伪装以讨好(家长或老师等)的人；会巴结的人

goody-goody

goody-goody goody-goodies
If you call someone a goody-goody , you mean they behave extremely well in order to please people in authority. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

gooey

[D.J.:ˈɡu:i]

[K.K.:ˈɡui]

adj.

胶粘的,感伤的

n.

胶粘物,蜜糖

gooey

1. gooey gooier gooiest
If you describe a food or other substance as gooey , you mean that it is very soft and sticky. (INFORMAL)

- These cakes are fudgy, gooey, and delicious.

- ...a lovely, gooey, sticky mess.

ADJ-GRADED

2. gooey gooier gooiest
Gooey is sometimes used to describe very foolish, exaggerated ways of expressing love or affection. (INFORMAL)

- I'm gonna write you a long, gooey letter.

- Women went gooey over him.

ADJ-GRADED

goof

[D.J.:ɡu:f]

[K.K.:ɡuf]

n.

呆瓜

v.

弄糟,混,打发时间,出大错

goof

1. goof goofs goofing goofed
If you goof or goof up , you make a silly mistake. (INFORMAL)

- We goofed last week at the end of our interview with singer Annie Ross.

VB

2. goof goofs
Also a noun.

- But was it, in fact, a hideous goof?

N-COUNT

3. goof goofs
If you call someone a goof , you think they are silly. (INFORMAL)

- I could write for TV as well as any of those goofs.

N-COUNT disapproval
= fool idiot

goof around

goof around goofs around; goofing around; goofed around
If someone goofs around , they spend their time doing silly things. (INFORMAL)

- They just goof around, roll around on the floor and fight.

PHR-V
= mess around

goof off

goof off goofs off; goofing off; goofed off
If someone goofs off , they spend their time doing nothing, often when they should be working. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- I saw a few films and generally kind of goofed off all day.

PHR-V
= skive off

goofy

[D.J.:ˈɡu:fi]

[K.K.:ˈɡufi]

adj.

愚笨的,傻瓜的

goofy

goofy goofier goofiest
If you describe someone or something as goofy , you think they are rather silly or ridiculous. (AM, INFORMAL)

- ...a goofy smile.

ADJ-GRADED

googly

[ˈɡu:ɡli]

n.

(曲棍球、板球的)曲线球

googly

googly googlies
When a cricketer bowls a googly , he or she spins the ball and makes it bounce in a different direction from the direction that the batsman is expecting.
N-COUNT

goon

[D.J.:ɡu:n]

[K.K.:ɡun]

n.

受雇暴徒,呆子,愚笨者

goon

1. goon goons
A goon is a person who is paid to hurt or threaten people. (AM, INFORMAL)

- He and the other goon began to beat me up.

N-COUNT
= thug

2. goon goons
If you call someone a goon , you think they behave in a silly way. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT disapproval

gooseberry

[D.J.:ˈgu:sˌberi:, -bəri:, ˈgu:z-]

[K.K.:ˈɡusˌbɛri, -bəri, ˈɡuz-]

n.

醋栗;醋栗树丛

(陪伴年轻女人到交际场所的)女伴

当电灯泡(夹在两个情侶之间的不知趣者)

gooseberry

gooseberry gooseberries
A gooseberry is a small green fruit that has a sharp taste and is covered with tiny hairs.
N-COUNT

goose bumps

goose bumps
If you get goose bumps , the hairs on your skin stand up so that it is covered with tiny bumps. You get goose bumps when you are cold, frightened, or excited.

- She still got goose bumps whenever he walked into the room.

N-PLURAL
= goose pimples

goose pimples

goose pimples
Goose pimples are the same as goose bumps .
N-PLURAL

goose-step

[D.J.:ˈɡusstep]

[K.K.:ˈɡusˌstɛp]

n.

走正步的步伐,正步

vi.

以正步走,踢正步

goose-step

goose-step goose-steps goose-stepping goose-stepped
When soldiers goose-step , they lift their legs high and do not bend their knees as they march.

- ...photos of soldiers goose-stepping beside fearsome missiles.

VB

gopher

[D.J.:ˈɡəufə]

[K.K.:ˈɡofɚ]

n.

囊地鼠

gopher

1. gopher gophers
A gopher is a small animal which looks a bit like a rat and lives in holes in the ground. Gophers are found in Canada and the USA.
N-COUNT

2. gopher
In computing, Gopher is a program that collects information for you from many databases across the Internet.
N-PROPER; also N-COUNT

gore

[D.J.:gɔ:]

[K.K.:ɡɔr]

vt.

(动物)用角撞伤, 用牙刺破

gore **

1. gore gores goring gored
If someone is gored by an animal, they are badly wounded by its horns or tusks.

- Carruthers had been gored by a rhinoceros.

- He was gored to death in front of his family.

VB: usu passive

2. gore
Gore is blood from a wound that has become thick. (LITERARY)

- There were pools of blood and gore on the pavement.

N-UNCOUNT

gore

noun

blood

bloodshed

butchery

carnage

slaughter

gore

verb

pierce

impale

transfix

wound

gorge

[D.J.:gɔ:dʒ]

[K.K.:ɡɔrdʒ]

n.

山峡, 峡谷

咽喉

vt.

(用食物把自己)塞饱, 填饱

heave the gorge

作呕

gorge *

1. gorge gorges
A gorge is a deep, narrow valley with very steep sides, usually where a river passes through mountains or an area of hard rock.
N-COUNT
= ravine

2. gorge gorges gorging gorged
If you gorge on something or gorge yourself on it, you eat lots of it in a very greedy way.

- I could spend each day gorging on chocolate.

- Three men are gorging themselves on grouse and water melon.

VB

gorge

noun

1.

ravine

canyon

chasm

cleft

defile

fissure

pass

verb

2.

overeat

cram

devour

feed

glut

gobble

gulp

guzzle

stuff

wolf

gorgeous

[D.J.:ˈɡɔ:dʒəs]

[K.K.:ˈɡɔrdʒəs]

adj.

极好的, 称心的

非常漂亮的, 华美的

gorgeously

[D.J.:ˈ g ɔ:d ʒəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡ ɔrd ʒəslɪ]

adv.

华美地;辉煌地

gorgeous **

1. gorgeous
If you say that something is gorgeous , you mean that it gives you a lot of pleasure or is very attractive. (INFORMAL)

- ...gorgeous mountain scenery...

- It's a gorgeous day.

- Some of the Renaissance buildings are gorgeous.

ADJ-GRADED
= lovely

2. gorgeously

- She has a gorgeously warm speaking voice.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

3. gorgeous
If you describe someone as gorgeous , you mean that you find them very sexually attractive. (INFORMAL)

- The cosmetics industry uses gorgeous women to sell its skincare products.

- All the girls in my house are mad about Ryan, they think he's gorgeous.

ADJ-GRADED
= beautiful

4. gorgeous
If you describe things such as clothes and colours as gorgeous , you mean they are bright, rich, and impressive.

- ...a red-haired man in the gorgeous uniform of a Marshal of the Empire.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. gorgeously

- ...gorgeously embroidered clothing.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed

gorgeous

adjective

1.

beautiful

dazzling

elegant

magnificent

ravishing

splendid

stunning informal

sumptuous

superb

2.

pleasing

delightful

enjoyable

exquisite

fine

glorious

good

lovely

gorilla

[D.J.:ɡəˈrilə]

[K.K.:ɡəˈrɪlə]

n.

大猩猩

gorilla *

gorilla gorillas
A gorilla is a very large ape. It has long arms, black fur, and a black face.
N-COUNT

gormless

[D.J.:ˈɡɔ:mlis]

[K.K.:ˈɡɔrmlɪs]

adj.

笨头笨脑的

gormless

gormless
If you say that someone is gormless , you think that they are stupid because they do not understand things very well. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED disapproval

gorse

[D.J.:ɡɔ:s]

[K.K.:ɡɔrs]

n.

金雀花

gorse

gorse
Gorse is a dark green bush that grows in Europe. It has small yellow flowers and sharp prickles.
N-UNCOUNT

gory

[D.J.:ˈgɔ:ri:, ˈgəʊri:]

[K.K.:ˈɡɔri, ˈɡori]

adj.

沾满血污的;充满暴力和血腥的

gory

gory
Gory situations involve people being injured or dying in a horrible way.

- ...the gory details of Mayan human sacrifices.

- ...the gory death scenes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

gory

adjective Informal

bloodthirsty

blood-soaked

bloodstained

bloody

murderous

sanguinary

gosh

[D.J.:gɔʃ]

[K.K.:ɡɑʃ]

int.

<非正>(表示惊讶)哎呀!

gosh *

gosh
Some people say ` Gosh ' when they are surprised. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Gosh, there's a lot of noise.

EXCLAM

gosling

[D.J.:ˈgɔzlɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑzlɪŋ]

n.

小鹅

愚蠢而无经验的人

gosling

gosling goslings
A gosling is a baby goose.
N-COUNT

go-slow

[D.J.:ˈɡəuˈsləu]

[K.K.:ˈɡoˌslo]

adj.

怠工的

n.

怠工

go-slow

go-slow go-slows
A go-slow is a protest by workers in which they deliberately work slowly in order to cause problems for their employers. (BRIT; in AM use slowdown )
N-COUNT

gospel

[D.J.:ˈɡɔspəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑspəl]

n.

《新约》四福音书; 福音

新约四福音书之一

原则, 主义, 信条

真理, 真实

福音音乐

gospel **

1. gospel gospels
In the New Testament of the Bible, the Gospels are the four books which describe the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

- ...the parable in St Matthew's Gospel.

- ...an illustrated and illuminated manuscript of the four gospels.

N-COUNT: oft in names

2. gospel
In the Christian religion, the gospel refers to the message and teachings of Jesus Christ, as explained in the New Testament.

- I didn't shirk my duties. I visited the sick and I preached the gospel.

N-SING: the N

3. gospel gospels
You can use gospel to refer to a particular way of thinking that a person or group believes in very strongly and that they try to persuade others to accept.

- It taught only materialism, the gospel of mammon.

- ...the gospel according to my mom.

N-COUNT: usu N of n, N according to n-proper
= doctrine

4. gospel
Gospel or gospel music is a style of religious music that uses strong rhythms and vocal harmony. It is especially popular among black Christians in the southern United States of America.

- I had to go to church, so I grew up singing gospel.

- The group perform variations on soul and gospel music.

N-UNCOUNT

5. gospel
If you take something as gospel , or as gospel truth , you believe that it is completely true.

- The results were not to be taken as gospel.

- He wouldn't say this if it weren't the gospel truth.

N-UNCOUNT: usu as N

gospel

noun

1.

truth

certainty

fact

the last word

2.

doctrine

credo

creed

message

news

revelation

tidings

gossamer

[D.J.:ˈgɔsəmə]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑsəmɚ]

n.

蛛丝,游丝

轻而软的精细材料

adj.

轻而薄的, 薄弱的; 虚无飘渺的, 幻影似的

gossamery

adj.

如蛛丝的,游丝般的;轻而软的

gossamery

[ˈɡɔsəməri]

adj.

轻而薄的,轻飘飘的

gossamer

gossamer
You use gossamer to indicate that something is very light, thin, or delicate. (LITERARY)

- ...the daring gossamer dresses of sheer black lace.

ADJ: ADJ n

gossip

[D.J.:ˈɡɔsip]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑsəp]

n.

流言, 闲话

爱拨弄是非的人

闲谈, 聊天

vi.

传播流言, 说长道短

gossip **

1. gossip
Gossip is informal conversation, often about other people's private affairs.

- He spent the first hour talking gossip.

- There has been much gossip about the possible reasons for his absence.

- Don't you like a good gossip?

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

2. gossip gossips gossiping gossiped
If you gossip with someone, you talk informally, especially about other people or local events. You can also say that two people gossip .

- We spoke, debated, gossiped into the night.

- Eva gossiped with Sarah.

- Mrs Lilywhite never gossiped.

V-RECIP

3. gossip gossips
If you describe someone as a gossip , you mean that they enjoy talking informally to people about the private affairs of others.

- He was a vicious gossip.

N-COUNT disapproval

gossip

noun

1.

idle talk

blether

chinwag Brit. informal

chitchat

hearsay

scandal

small talk

tittle-tattle

2.

busybody

chatterbox informal

chatterer

gossipmonger

scandalmonger

tattler

telltale

verb

3.

chat

blether

gabble

jaw slang

prate

prattle

tattle

gossip column

1. gossip column gossip columns
A gossip column is a part of a newspaper or magazine where the activities and private lives of famous people are discussed.

- The jet-setting couple made frequent appearances in the gossip columns.

N-COUNT

2. gossip columnist gossip columnists.

- ...a Hollywood gossip columnist.

N-COUNT

gossipy

[ˈɡɔsipi]

adj.

喜饶舌的,漫谈式的

gossipy

1. gossipy
If you describe a book or account as gossipy , you mean it is informal and full of interesting but often unimportant news or information about people.

- ...a chatty, gossipy account of Forster's life.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. gossipy
If you describe someone as gossipy , you are critical of them because they talk about other people's private lives a great deal.

- ...gossipy old women.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

gotcha

[D.J.:ˈɡɔtʃə]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑtʃə]

n.

〈口〉我已经得到你

gotcha

gotcha
Gotcha is used in written English to represent the words `got you' when they are pronounced informally.

- `He gotcha, Helen. Give the boy credit.'.

- `Gotcha, didn't I?'

INTERJ

Gothic

[D.J.:ˈɡɔθik]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑθɪk]

n.

哥特式

adj.

哥特式的,野蛮的

Gothic *

1. Gothic
Gothic architecture and religious art was produced in the Middle Ages. Its features include tall pillars, high curved ceilings, and pointed arches.

- ...a vast, lofty Gothic cathedral.

- ...Gothic stained glass windows...

- The images were gothic or Byzantine rather than classical.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Gothic
In Gothic stories, strange, mysterious adventures happen in dark and lonely places such as graveyards and old castles.

- This novel is not science fiction, nor is it Gothic horror.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. Gothic
Gothic is used to describe a style of printing or writing in which the letters are very decorative. German books and signs were often written in Gothic script.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

gotta

[D.J.:ˈɡɔtə]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑtə]

n.

〈美俚〉必须

gotta

gotta
Gotta is used in written English to represent the words `got to' when they are pronounced informally, with the meaning `have to' or `must'.

- Prices are high and our kids gotta eat.

gouge

[D.J.:gaʊdʒ]

[K.K.:ɡaʊdʒ]

vt.

凿,挖

乱要价,过高索价

gouge out; gouge out of

(在…中)抠出…；挖出…

gouging

[ˈɡaudʒiŋ]

n.

刨削[槽]

gouge *

1. gouge gouges gouging gouged
If you gouge something, you make a hole or a long cut in it, usually with a pointed object.

- He gouged her cheek with a screwdriver.

- ...quarries which have gouged great holes in the hills.

VB

2. gouge gouges
Also a noun.

- ...a muddy gouge in the ground.

N-COUNT

3. gouge gouges
A gouge is a tool which is used for cutting and shaping wood.
N-COUNT

4. gouge gouges gouging gouged
If you say that a business gouges its customers, you mean that it forces them to pay an unfairly high price for its goods or services. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- Banks and credit-card companies have been accused of gouging their customers.

VB disapproval

5. gouging

- The airline industry has charged the oil companies with price gouging.

N-UNCOUNT

gouge

verb

1.

scoop

chisel

claw

cut

dig (out)

hollow (out)

noun

2.

gash

cut

furrow

groove

hollow

scoop

scratch

trench

gouge out *

gouge out gouges out; gouging out; gouged out
To gouge out a piece or part of something means to cut, dig, or force it from the surrounding surface. You can also gouge out a hole in the ground.

- He has accused her of threatening to gouge his eyes out.

- ...stripping off the soil and gouging out gold or iron ore.

PHR-V

gourd

[D.J.:gɔ:d, gəʊrd, gʊəd]

[K.K.:ɡɔrd, ɡord, ɡʊrd]

n.

葫芦

gourd

1. gourd gourds
A gourd is a large round fruit with a hard skin. You can also use the word gourd to refer to the plant on which this fruit grows.
N-COUNT

2. gourd gourds
A gourd is a container made from the hard dry skin of a gourd fruit. Gourds are often used to carry water or for decoration.

- The shop imports goods such as painted gourd containers.

N-COUNT

gourmand

[D.J.:gʊəˈmɑ:nd, ˈgʊəmənd]

[K.K.:ɡʊrˈmɑnd, ˈɡʊrmənd]

n.

喜欢吃喝的人;贪吃的人

gourmandism

n.

美食主义

gourmandism

[ˈɡuəməndizəm]

n.

美食主义,讲究吃

gourmand

gourmand gourmands
A gourmand is a person who enjoys eating and drinking in large amounts. (FORMAL)

- The food here satisfies gourmands rather than gourmets.

N-COUNT disapproval

gourmet

[D.J.:gʊəˈmeɪ, ˈgʊəˌmeɪ]

[K.K.:ɡʊrˈme, ˈɡʊrˌme]

n.

讲究吃喝的人, 美食家

gourmet *

1. gourmet
Gourmet food is nicer or more unusual or sophisticated than ordinary food, and is often more expensive.

- Flavored coffee is sold at gourmet food stores and coffee shops.

- The couple share a love of gourmet cooking.

- ...a gourmet dinner.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. gourmet gourmets
A gourmet is someone who enjoys good food, and who knows a lot about food and wine.
N-COUNT
= gastronome

gourmet

noun

connoisseur

bon vivant

epicure

foodie informal

gastronome

gout

[D.J.:gaʊt]

[K.K.:ɡaʊt]

n.

痛风

一滴、一团或一块

gouty

adj.

gouty

[ˈɡauti]

adj.

痛风的,易患痛风的,患了痛风的

gout

gout
Gout is a disease which causes people's joints to swell painfully, especially in their toes.
N-UNCOUNT

Gov.

Gov.; Govs.
Gov. is a written abbreviation for Governor .

- ...Gov. Thomas Kean of New Jersey.

N-TITLE

govern

[D.J.:ˈɡʌvən]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌvən]

vt. & vi.

统治

vt.

控制; 支配

governing

[ˈɡʌvəniŋ]

n.

控制;治理;管理;操纵;调整;调节

govern ***

1. govern governs governing governed
To govern a place such as a country, or its people, means to be officially in charge of the place, and to have responsibility for making laws, managing the economy, and controlling public services.

- They go to the polls on Friday to choose the people they want to govern their country.

- Their citizens are very thankful they are not governed by a dictator.

VB
= rule

2. govern governs governing governed
If a situation or activity is governed by a particular factor, rule, or force, it is controlled by that factor, rule, or force.

- Marine insurance is governed by a strict series of rules and regulations.

- The government has altered the rules governing eligibility for unemployment benefit.

VB

governing *

governing
A governing body or organization is one which controls a particular activity.

- The league became the governing body for amateur fencing in the U.S.

ADJ: ADJ n
= ruling

govern

verb

1.

rule

administer

command

control

direct

guide

handle

lead

manage

order

2.

restrain

check

control

curb

discipline

hold in check

master

regulate

subdue

tame

governance

[D.J.:ˈgʌvənəns]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌvənəns]

n.

统治;管理;治理;统治方式;管理方法

governance *

1. governance
The governance of a country is the way in which it is governed. (FORMAL)

- They believe that a fundamental change in the governance of Britain is the key to all other necessary changes.

N-UNCOUNT

2. governance
The governance of a company or organization is the way in which it is managed. (FORMAL)

- ...a dramatic move away from the traditional view of governance in American education.

N-UNCOUNT

governess

[D.J.:ˈgʌvənɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌvənɪs]

n.

女家庭教师

governess *

governess governesses
A governess is a woman who is employed by a family to live with them and educate their children.
N-COUNT

government

[D.J.:ˈɡʌvənmənt]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌvənmənt]

n.

政府

治理的形式; 政体

治理, 统治

governments

可转让政府证券;可转政府证券

government *****

1. government governments
The government of a country is the group of people who are responsible for governing it.

- The Government has insisted that confidence is needed before the economy can improve.

- ...democratic governments in countries like Britain and the US.

- ...fighting between government forces and left-wing rebels.

N-COUNT-COLL

2. government
Government consists of the activities, methods, and principles involved in governing a country or other political unit.

- The first four years of government were completely disastrous.

- ...our system of government.

N-UNCOUNT

government

noun

1.

rule

administration

authority

governance

sovereignty

statecraft

2.

executive

administration

ministry

powers-that-be

regime

governmental

[ˌɡʌvənˈmentl]

adj.

政府的

governmental **

governmental
Governmental means relating to a particular government, or to the practice of governing a country.

- ...a governmental agency for providing financial aid to developing countries.

ADJ: ADJ n

governor

[D.J.:ˈɡʌvənə]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌvənɚ]

n.

统治者, 管辖者, 地方长官; 州长

理事, 董事

governor ****

1. governor
In some systems of government, a governor is a person who is in charge of the political administration of a region or state.

- He was governor of the province in the late 1970s.

- Governor William Livingston addressed the New Jersey Assembly.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

2. governor governors
A governor is a member of a committee which controls an organization such as a school or a hospital.

- Governors are using the increased powers given to them to act against incompetent headteachers.

- ...the chairman of the BBC board of governors.

N-COUNT

3. governor governors
In some British institutions, the governor is the most senior official, who is in charge of the institution.

- The incident was reported to the prison governor.

N-COUNT

governor

noun

leader

administrator

chief

commander

controller

director

executive

head

manager

ruler

Governor-General

Governor-General Governors-General
A Governor-General is a person who is sent to a former British colony as the chief representative of Britain. (BRIT)

- ...the former Governor-General of New Zealand.

N-COUNT: oft the N of n

governorship

[D.J.:ˈɡʌvənəʃip]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌvənɚˌʃɪp]

n.

总督(或州长等地方行政长官)的职位(或职责、任期)

governorship

governorship governorships
The governorship of a particular country or state is the position of being its governor. Governorship is also used to refer to the period of time a particular person spends being the governor of a country or state.

- The governorship went to a Democrat, Mrs Anne Richards.

- He had worked closely with the President during his governorship.

N-COUNT

govt.

abbr.

government 政府

govt.

abbr.

government 政府

govt

govt
govt is a written abbreviation for government .

gown

[D.J.:ɡaun]

[K.K.:ɡaʊn]

n.

女长服, 礼服

宽松长外衣

gown **

1. gown gowns
A gown is a dress, usually a long dress, which women wear on formal occasions.

- The new ball gown was a great success.

- ...wedding gowns.

N-COUNT

2. gown gowns
A gown is a loose black garment worn on formal occasions by people such as lawyers and academics.

- ...an old headmaster in a flowing black gown.

N-COUNT

gown

noun

dress

costume

frock

garb

garment

habit

robe

GP

abbr.

Gaseous Polymerization 气相聚合法

GP

abbr.

Gaseous Polymerization 气相聚合法

GP **

GP GPs
A GP is a doctor who does not specialize in any particular area of medicine, but who has a medical practice in which he or she treats all types of illness. GP is an abbreviation for `general practitioner'.

- Her husband called their local GP.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

grab

[D.J.:ɡræb]

[K.K.:ɡræb]

vt. & vi.

抢先, 抢占

vt.

攫取, 抓住

对…有好感, 对…产生影响

n.

试图抓取, 有意抢夺

grabbing

grab的现在分词

grabs

链钩

grab ***

1. grab grabs grabbing grabbed
If you grab something, you take it or pick it up suddenly and roughly.

- I managed to grab her hand.

- I grabbed him by the neck.

VB

2. grab grabs grabbing grabbed
If you grab at something, you try to grab it.

- He was clumsily trying to grab at Alfred's arms.

VB

3. grab grabs
Also a noun.

- I made a grab for the knife.

- Mr Penrose made a grab at his collar.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N for/at n

4. grab grabs grabbing grabbed
If you grab someone who is walking past, you succeed in getting their attention. (INFORMAL)

- Grab that waiter, Mary Ann.

VB

5. grab grabs grabbing grabbed
If you grab someone's attention, you do something in order to make them notice you.

- I jumped on the wall to grab the attention of the crowd.

VB

6. grab grabs grabbing grabbed
If you grab something such as food, drink, or sleep, you manage to get some quickly. (INFORMAL)

- Grab a beer.

VB

7. grab grabs grabbing grabbed
If you grab something such as a chance or opportunity, or grab at it, you take advantage of it eagerly.

- She grabbed the chance of a job interview.

- He grabbed at the opportunity to buy his castle.

VB
= seize

8. grab grabs
A grab for something such as power or fame is an attempt to gain it.

- ...a grab for personal power.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N for n

9. grab
If something is up for grabs , it is available to anyone who is interested. (INFORMAL)

- The famous Ritz hotel is up for grabs for £100m.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

grab

verb

snatch

capture

catch

catch or take hold of

clutch

grasp

grip

pluck

seize

snap up

grab bag

1. grab bag grab bags
A grab bag is a game in which you take a prize out of a container full of hidden prizes. (AM; in BRIT use lucky dip )
N-COUNT

2. grab bag grab bags
A grab bag of things, ideas, or people is a varied group of them.

- ...a fascinating grab-bag of documents about the life of Liszt.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= ragbag

grace

[D.J.:ɡreis]

[K.K.:ɡres]

n.

优美

风度, 魅力

宽限, 缓期

恩泽, 善意

vt.

修饰或装扮

grace **

1. grace
If someone moves with grace , they move in a smooth, controlled, and attractive way.

- He moved with the grace of a trained boxer.

- Ballet classes are important for poise and grace.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. grace
If someone behaves with grace , they behave in a pleasant, polite, and dignified way, even when they are upset or being treated unfairly.

- The new King seemed to be carrying out his duties with grace and due decorum.

- The young woman had grace beyond her years.

N-UNCOUNT

3. grace graces
The graces are the ways of behaving and doing things which are considered polite and well-mannered.

- She didn't fit in and she had few social graces.

N-PLURAL: oft adj N

4. grace
Grace is used in expressions such as a day's grace and a month's grace to say that you are allowed that amount of extra time before you have to finish something.

- She wanted a couple of days' grace to get the maisonette cleaned before she moved in.

- We have only a few hours' grace before the soldiers come.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

5. grace graces gracing graced
If you say that something graces a place or a person, you mean that it makes them more attractive. (FORMAL)

- He went to the beautiful old Welsh dresser that graced this homely room.

- Her shoulders were graced with mink and her fingers sparkled with diamonds.

VB

6. grace graces gracing graced
If you say that someone important will grace an event or an organization, you mean that they have agreed to be present at the event or to be part of the organization. (FORMAL)

- He had been invited to grace a function at the evening college.

VB

7. grace
In Christianity and some other religions, grace is the kindness that God shows to people because he loves them.

- It was only by the grace of God that no one died.

N-UNCOUNT

8. grace graces
When someone says grace before or after a meal, they say a prayer in which they thank God for the food and ask him to bless it.

- Leo, will you say grace?

- ...a Latin grace.

N-VAR

9. grace
You use expressions such as Your Grace and His Grace when you are addressing or referring to a duke, duchess, or archbishop.

- Your Grace, I have a great favour to ask of you.

N-VOC; N-PROPER: det-poss N

10. grace
If someone falls from grace , they suddenly stop being successful or popular. (mainly WRITTEN)

- All went well at first, and I was in high favour; but presently I fell from grace.

- The reasons for his apparent fall from grace are not clear.

PHR: V inflects

11. grace
If someone has the good grace to do something, they are polite enough or honest enough to do it.

- He did not even have the grace to apologise.

- Many of us do stupid things in our youth, but we should have the good grace to admit them and to learn from the experience.

PHR: V inflects, PHR to-inf approval

12. grace
If you are talking about someone who is in a bad situation and you say ` There but for the grace of God go I ', you mean that you are lucky not to be in the same situation as them and you feel sympathy for them.
PHR

13. grace
If you do something unpleasant with good grace or with a good grace , you do it cheerfully and without complaining. If you do something with bad grace or with a bad grace , you do it unwillingly and without enthusiasm.

- He accepted the decision with good grace, and wished me the very best of luck.

- With appallingly bad grace I packed up and we drove north.

PHR: PHR after v

14. grace
If you are in someone's good graces , they are pleased with you.

- You're so eager to stay in the good graces of the King that nothing else matters to you.

PHR: PHR with poss

grace

noun

1.

elegance

attractiveness

beauty

charm

comeliness

ease

gracefulness

poise

polish

refinement

tastefulness

2.

goodwill

benefaction

benevolence

favour

generosity

goodness

kindliness

kindness

3.

manners

consideration

decency

decorum

etiquette

propriety

tact

4.

indulgence

mercy

pardon

reprieve

5.

prayer

benediction

blessing

thanks

thanksgiving

verb

6.

honour

adorn

decorate

dignify

embellish

enhance

enrich

favour

ornament

set off

graceful

[D.J.:ˈɡreisful]

[K.K.:ˈɡresfəl]

adj.

优美的, 文雅的

得体的, 礼貌而周到的

gracefully

[D.J.:ˈ greɪsfʊlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡresfəlɪ]

adv.

优美地；优雅地；雅致地;温文地

graceful *

1. graceful
Someone or something that is graceful moves in a smooth and controlled way which is attractive to watch.

- His movements were so graceful they seemed effortless.

- ...graceful ballerinas.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ graceless

2. gracefully

- She stepped gracefully onto the stage.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. graceful
Something that is graceful is attractive because it has a pleasing shape or style.

- A graceful medieval cathedral.

- His handwriting, from earliest young manhood, was flowing and graceful.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ graceless

4. gracefully

- She loved the gracefully high ceiling, with its white-painted cornice.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

5. graceful
If a person's behaviour is graceful , it is polite, kind, and pleasant, especially in a difficult situation.

- Aubrey could think of no graceful way to escape Corbet's company.

- He was charming, cheerful, and graceful under pressure.

ADJ-GRADED

6. gracefully

- We managed to decline gracefully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

graceful

adjective

elegant

beautiful

charming

comely

easy

pleasing

tasteful

graceless

[D.J.:ˈgreisləs]

[K.K.:ˈɡreslɪs]

adj.

不雅的; 粗野的; 难看的

失礼的; 没规矩的

graceless

1. graceless
Something that is graceless is unattractive and not at all interesting or charming.

- It was a massive, graceless house.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ graceful

2. graceless
A graceless movement is clumsy and uncontrolled.

- ...a graceless pirouette.

ADJ-GRADED

3. gracelessly

- He dropped gracelessly into a chair opposite her.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

4. graceless
If you describe someone as graceless , you mean that their behaviour is impolite.

- She couldn't stand his blunt, graceless manner.

ADJ-GRADED

5. gracelessly

- The task fell to Mr Harris to deliver this bad news. It was gracelessly done.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

gracious

[D.J.:ˈɡreiʃəs]

[K.K.:ˈɡreʃəs]

adj.

有礼貌的, 仁慈的, 和蔼的, 亲切的

富裕的, 舒适的, 华美的

graciously

[D.J.:ˈ greɪʃəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡreʃəslɪ]

adv.

亲切地;和蔼地;殷勤地

优雅地;雅致地；有风度地

慈祥地;仁慈地

优裕地

gracious *

1. gracious
If you describe someone, especially someone you think is superior to you, as gracious , you mean that they are very well-mannered and pleasant. (FORMAL)

- She is a lovely and gracious woman.

ADJ-GRADED
= courteous

2. gracious
If you describe the behaviour of someone in a position of authority as gracious , you mean that they behave in a polite and considerate way. (FORMAL)

- She closed with a gracious speech of thanks.

ADJ-GRADED

3. graciously

- Hospitality at the Presidential guest house was graciously declined.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

4. gracious
You use gracious to describe the comfortable way of life of wealthy people.

- He drove through the gracious suburbs with the swimming pools and tennis courts.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. gracious
Some people say good gracious or goodness gracious in order to express surprise or annoyance.

- Good gracious, look at that specimen will you?

EXCLAM feelings

gracious

adjective

kind

charitable

civil

considerate

cordial

courteous

friendly

polite

well-mannered

grad

[D.J.:ɡreid]

[K.K.:ɡræd]

n.

毕业生,校友

grads

梯度

grad

grad grads
A grad is a graduate . (mainly AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: oft N n

gradation

[D.J.:ɡrəˈdeiʃən]

[K.K.:ɡreˈdeʃən]

n.

(从一事物到另一事物的)渐变

(事物划分的)阶段, 等级

刻度

gradation

gradation gradations
Gradations are small differences or changes in things. (FORMAL)

- But TV images require subtle gradations of light and shade.

N-COUNT: usu pl, with supp

grade

[D.J.:ɡreid]

[K.K.:ɡred]

n.

(官阶、质量)等级, 品级, 阶段, 程度

〈尤美〉 (考试或作业的)分数, 评分等级

〈尤美〉 (学生受测试的)技巧水平(尤指音乐方面)

〈美〉 年级; (按年级划分的)小学生

graded

递级;分次;分级的;分品

grading

[ˈɡreidiŋ]

n.

等级,坡度缓和,分阶段

grade ***

1. grade grades grading graded
If something is graded , its quality is judged, and it is often given a number or a name that indicates how good or bad it is.

- Dust masks are graded according to the protection they offer.

- South Point College does not grade the students' work.

- ...a three-tier grading system.

VB

2. grade grades
The grade of a product is its quality, especially when this has been officially judged.

- ...a good grade of plywood.

- ...a grade II listed building.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft adj N, N num

3. grade
Also a combining form.

- ...weapons-grade plutonium.

- ... aviation fuel and high-grade oil.

COMB in ADJ

4. grade grades
Your grade in an examination or piece of written work is the mark you get, usually in the form of a letter or number, that indicates your level of achievement.

- What grade are you hoping to get?.

- There was a lot of pressure on you to obtain good grades.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft adj N, N num

5. grade grades
Your grade in a company or organization is your level of importance or your rank.

- Staff turnover is particularly high among junior grades.

N-COUNT: with supp

6. grade grades
In the United States, a grade is a group of classes in which all the children are of a similar age. When you are six years old you go into the first grade and you leave school after the twelfth grade.

- Mr White teaches first grade in south Georgia.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft ord N

7. grade grades
A grade is a slope. (AM; in BRIT use gradient )

- She drove up a steep grade and then began the long descent into the desert.

N-COUNT

8. grade grades
Someone's grade is their military rank. (AM)

- I was a naval officer, lieutenant junior grade.

N-COUNT
= rank

9. grade
If someone makes the grade , they succeed, especially by reaching a particular standard.

- She had a strong desire to be a dancer but failed to make the grade.

PHR: V inflects
= succeed

graded

graded
In this dictionary, a graded adjective or adverb is one which is sometimes used with an adverb or phrase indicating degree. `Clever' is an example of a graded adjective.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

grade

noun

1.

level

category

class

degree

echelon

group

rank

stage

verb

2.

classify

arrange

class

group

order

range

rank

rate

sort

grade crossing

grade crossing grade crossings
A grade crossing is a place where a railroad track crosses a road at the same level. (AM; in BRIT use level crossing )
N-COUNT

graded reader

graded reader graded readers
A graded reader is a story which has been adapted for people learning to read or learning a foreign language. Graded readers avoid using difficult grammar and vocabulary.
N-COUNT

-grader

-grader
-grader combines with words such as `first' and `second' to form nouns which refer to a child or young person who is in a particular grade in the American education system.

- Randy Stillwell is a sixth-grader at the Latta School just outside of Ada.

COMB in N-COUNT

grade school

grade school grade schools
In the United States, a grade school is the same as an elementary school .

- I was just in grade school at the time, but I remember it perfectly.

N-VAR: oft in N

gradient

[D.J.:ˈgreɪdi:ənt]

[K.K.:ˈɡrediənt]

n.

道路的斜度, 坡度

变化程度

gradient *

1. gradient gradients
A gradient is a slope, or the degree to which the ground slopes. (BRIT; in AM usually use grade )

- ...a gradient of 1 in 3...

- The courses are long and punishing, with steep gradients.

N-COUNT

2. gradient gradients
The gradient of a graph or series of measurements is the rate at which one set of amounts changes in relation to another. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT: with supp

gradient

noun

slope

bank

declivity

grade

hill

incline

rise

gradual

[D.J.:ˈɡrædjuəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡrædʒuəl]

adj.

渐渐的, 逐步的

gradual **

gradual
A gradual change or process occurs in small stages over a long period of time, rather than suddenly.

- Losing weight is a slow, gradual process.

- You can expect her progress at school to be gradual rather than brilliant.

ADJ-GRADED

gradual

adjective

steady

gentle

graduated

piecemeal

progressive

regular

slow

unhurried

gradually

[D.J.:ˈ grædjʊəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡræd ʒʊəlɪ]

adv.

逐步地,渐渐地

gradually ***

gradually
If something changes or is done gradually , it changes or is done in small stages over a long period of time, rather than suddenly.

- Electricity lines to 30,000 homes were gradually being restored yesterday.

- Gradually we learned to cope.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

gradually

adverb

steadily

by degrees

gently

little by little

progressively

slowly

step by step

unhurriedly

graduate

[D.J.:ˈɡrædjuit]

[K.K.:ˈɡrædʒuˌet]

adj.

〈美〉毕业了的, 研究生的

n.

〈英〉大学毕业生

〈美〉毕业生

[ˈɡrædjueit]

vt. & vi.

(从…)大学毕业, 获得(学士)学位

〈美〉(使)毕业

vt.

划分级别

graduated

[D.J.:ˈgrædjʊeɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈɡrædʒʊetɪd]

adj.

毕业了的

标有刻度的

graduate ***

1. graduate graduates
In Britain, a graduate is a person who has successfully completed a degree at a university or college and has received a certificate that shows this.

- In 1973, the first Open University graduates received their degrees.

- ...graduates in engineering.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N in/from/of n

2. graduate graduates
In the United States, a graduate is a student who has successfully completed a course at a high school, college, or university.

- The top one-third of all high school graduates are entitled to an education at the California State University.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

3. graduate graduates graduating graduated
In Britain, when a student graduates from university, they have successfully completed a degree course.

- She graduated in English and Drama from Manchester University.

VB

4. graduate graduates graduating graduated
In the United States, when a student graduates , they complete their studies successfully and leave their school or university.

- When the boys graduated from high school, Ann moved to a small town in Vermont.

- In 1986, American universities graduated a record number of students with degrees in computer science.

V-ERG

5. graduate graduates graduating graduated
If you graduate from one thing to another, you go from a less important job or position to a more important one.

- Bruce graduated to chef at the Bear Hotel.

- From commercials she quickly graduated to television shows.

VB
= progress

graduated

1. graduated
Graduated means increasing by regular amounts or grades.

- The US military wants to avoid the graduated escalation that marked the Vietnam War.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. graduated
Graduated jars are marked with lines and numbers which show particular measurements.

- ...a graduated tube marked in millimetres.

ADJ: ADJ n

graduate

verb

1.

mark off

calibrate

grade

measure out

proportion

regulate

2.

classify

arrange

grade

group

order

rank

sort

graduate school

graduate school graduate schools
In the United States, a graduate school is a department in a university or college where postgraduate students are taught.

- She was in graduate school, studying for a master's degree in social work.

N-VAR

graduate student

graduate student graduate students
In the United States, a graduate student is a student with a first degree from a university who is studying or doing research at a more advanced level. (AM; in BRIT use postgraduate )
N-COUNT

graduation

[D.J.:ˈgrædʒu:ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˈɡrædʒuˈeʃən]

n.

毕业;毕业典礼

graduation *

1. graduation
Graduation is the successful completion of a course of study at a university, college, or school, for which you receive a degree or diploma.

- They asked what his plans were after graduation.

- Upon graduation he joined a small law firm.

N-UNCOUNT

2. graduation graduations
A graduation is a special ceremony at university, college, or school, at which degrees and diplomas are given to students who have successfully completed their studies.

- ...the graduation ceremony at Yale...

- At my brother's high school graduation the students recited a poem.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N n

3. graduation graduations
A graduation is a line or number on a container or measuring instrument which marks a particular measurement.

- ...medicine bottles with graduations on them.

N-COUNT

graffiti

[D.J.:ɡrəˈfi:ti:]

[K.K.:ɡrəˈfiti]

n.

在墙上的乱涂乱写

graffiti *

graffiti
Graffiti is words or pictures that are written or drawn in public places, for example on walls or posters.

- Buildings old and new are thickly covered with graffiti.

- There's no vandalism, no graffiti, no rubbish left lying about.

N-UNCOUNT-COLL

graft

[D.J.:ɡrɑ:ft]

[K.K.:ɡræft]

n.

〈农〉接穗, 嫁接

〈医〉移植

行贿, 受贿, 贪污

行贿得到的利益

艰巨的工作

vt.

〈农〉移植, 嫁接

vi.

行贿, 受贿, 贪污

努力工作

grafting

[ˈɡrɑ:ftiŋ]

n.

嫁接法,移植法

graft *

1. graft grafts
A graft is a piece of healthy skin or bone, or a healthy organ, which is attached to a damaged part of your body by a medical operation in order to replace it.

- I am having a skin graft on my arm soon.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

2. graft grafts grafting grafted
If a piece of healthy skin or bone or a healthy organ is grafted onto a damaged part of your body, it is attached to that part of your body by a medical operation.

- The top layer of skin has to be grafted onto the burns.

VB: usu passive

3. graft grafts grafting grafted
If a part of one plant or tree is grafted onto another plant or tree, they are joined together so that they will become one plant or tree, often in order to produce a new variety.

- Pear trees are grafted on quince rootstocks.

VB

4. graft grafts grafting grafted
If you graft one idea or system on to another, you try to join one to the other.

- The Japanese tried to graft their own methods on to this different structure.

VB

5. graft
Graft means hard work. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- His career has been one of hard graft.

N-UNCOUNT

6. graft
In politics, graft is used to refer to the activity of using power or authority to obtain money dishonestly. (mainly AM)

- ...another politician accused of graft.

N-UNCOUNT

graft

noun

1.

shoot

bud

implant

scion

splice

sprout

verb

2.

transplant

affix

implant

ingraft

insert

join

splice

Grail

[ɡreil]

n.

圣盘, 圣杯

Grail *

1. Grail
The Grail or the Holy Grail is the cup that was used by Jesus Christ at the Last Supper. In medieval times, many people tried to find the Grail without success.
N-PROPER

2. Grail
If you describe something as a grail or a holy grail , you mean that someone is trying very hard to obtain or achieve it.

- The discovery is being hailed as The Holy Grail of astronomy, with scientists claiming it has solved one of space's most troubling enigmas.

N-SING: oft the N of n

grain

[D.J.:ɡrein]

[K.K.:ɡren]

n.

谷粒, 谷物, 谷类

小的硬粒

(天然)纹理

grains

[ɡreinz]

n.

双齿[多齿]鱼叉

grain ***

1. grain grains
A grain of wheat, rice, or other cereal crop is a seed from it.

- ...a grain of wheat.

- ...rice grains.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. grain grains
Grain is a cereal crop, especially wheat or corn, that has been harvested and is used for food or in trade.

- ...a bag of grain.

- ...the best grains.

N-MASS

3. grain grains
A grain of something such as sand or salt is a tiny hard piece of it.

- ...a grain of sand.

N-COUNT

4. -grained

- ...coarse-grained salt.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

5. grain
A grain of a quality is a very small amount of it.

- There's more than a grain of truth in that.

N-SING: N of n

6. grain
The grain of a piece of wood is the direction of its fibres. You can also refer to the pattern of lines on the surface of the wood as the grain .

- Brush the paint generously over the wood in the direction of the grain.

N-SING: the N

7. -grained

- ...a hard, heavy, straight-grained wood.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

8. grain
If you say that an idea or action goes against the grain , you mean that it is very difficult for you to accept it or do it, because it conflicts with your previous ideas, beliefs, or principles.

- Privatisation goes against the grain of their principle of opposition to private ownership of industry.

PHR: V inflects

grain

noun

1.

cereals

corn

2.

seed

grist

kernel

3.

bit

fragment

granule

modicum

morsel

particle

piece

scrap

speck

trace

4.

texture

fibre

nap

pattern

surface

weave

go against the grain

5.

inclination

character

disposition

humour

make-up

temper

grain elevator

grain elevator grain elevators
A grain elevator is a building in which grain such as corn is stored and which contains machinery for moving the grain. (AM)
N-COUNT

grainy

[D.J.:ˈɡreini]

[K.K.:ˈɡreni]

adj.

粒状的,木纹状的,多粒的

grainy

1. grainy
A grainy photograph looks as if it is made up of lots of spots, which make the lines or shapes in it difficult to see.

- ...grainy black and white photos.

ADJ-GRADED

2. grainy
Grainy means having a rough surface or texture, or containing small bits of something.

- ...the grainy tree trunk...

- Do not use a grainy mustard.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ smooth

gram

[ɡræm]

n.

克

gram **

gram grams
A gram is a unit of weight. One thousand grams are equal to one kilogram.

- A football weighs about 400 grams.

N-COUNT (BRIT) also gramme

-gram

-gram
-gram combines with nouns to form other nouns which refer to someone who dresses up in order to a bring a message to someone else, as a practical joke.

- Now he has only six or seven kissogram girls on his books.

COMB in N-COUNT

grammar

[D.J.:ˈɡræmə]

[K.K.:ˈɡræmɚ]

n.

语法

语法书

grammar **

1. grammar
Grammar is the ways that words can be put together in order to make sentences.

- He doesn't have mastery of the basic rules of grammar.

- ...the difference between Sanskrit and Tibetan grammar.

N-UNCOUNT

2. grammar
Someone's grammar is the way in which they obey or do not obey the rules of grammar when they write or speak.

- His vocabulary was sound and his grammar excellent.

- ...a deterioration in spelling and grammar among teenagers.

N-UNCOUNT: oft supp N

3. grammar grammars
A grammar is a book that describes the rules of a language.

- ...an advanced English grammar.

N-COUNT

4. grammar grammars
A particular grammar is a particular theory that is intended to explain the rules of a language.

- Transformational grammars are more restrictive.

N-VAR: with supp

grammarian

[D.J.:ɡvəˈmɛəriən]

[K.K.:ɡrəˈmɛriən]

n.

文法家,文法教师,文法学者

grammarian

grammarian grammarians
A grammarian is someone who studies the grammar of a language and writes books about it or teaches it.
N-COUNT

grammar school *

grammar school grammar schools
A grammar school is a school in Britain for children aged between eleven and eighteen who have a high academic ability.

- He is in the third year at Leeds Grammar School.

N-VAR: oft in names after n

grammatical

[D.J.:grəˈmætɪkəl]

[K.K.:ɡrəˈmætɪkəl]

adj.

语法上的;符合语法规则的

grammatically

adv.

符合语法规则地

grammaticalness

n.

符合语法规则

grammatical

1. grammatical
Grammatical is used to indicate that something relates to grammar.

- Should the teacher present grammatical rules to students?

- ...grammatical errors.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. grammatically

- ...grammatically correct language.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

3. grammatical
If someone's language is grammatical , it is considered correct because it obeys the rules of grammar.

- ...a new test to determine whether students can write grammatical English.

ADJ

4. grammatically

- ...studies showing that up to one in five undergraduates cannot write grammatically.

ADV: ADV after v

gramophone

[D.J.:ˈgræməˌfəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈɡræməˌfon]

n.

留声机

gramophone

gramophone gramophones
A gramophone is an old-fashioned type of record player. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use phonograph )

- ...a wind-up gramophone with a big horn.

- ...gramophone records.

N-COUNT
= record player

gran

[ɡræn]

n.

〈英·非正〉奶奶, 外祖母

gran *

gran grans
Some people refer to or address their grandmother as gran . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- My gran's given us some apple jam.

N-FAMILY

granary

[D.J.:ˈgrænəri:, ˈgreɪnə-]

[K.K.:ˈɡrænəri, ˈɡrenə-]

n.

谷仓,粮仓

granary

1. granary granaries
A granary is a building which is used for storing grain.

- The granaries containing last year's harvest are nearly empty.

N-COUNT

2. granary
In Britain, Granary bread contains whole grains of wheat. (TRADEMARK)
ADJ: ADJ n

grand

[D.J.:ɡrænd]

[K.K.:ɡrænd]

adj.

壮丽的, 宏伟的

显赫的; 高傲的

非常愉快的, 极好的

grand ****

1. grand grander grandest
If you describe a building or a piece of scenery as grand , you mean that its size or appearance is very impressive.

- This grand building in the center of town used to be the hub of the capital's social life.

- The scenery of South Island is on a grand scale.

ADJ-GRADED
= majestic

2. grand grander grandest
Grand plans or actions are intended to achieve important results.

- Critics will point to other grand schemes that have gone less well, such as Sheffield's World Student Games disaster.

- The grand design of Europe's monetary union is already agreed.

ADJ-GRADED

3. grand grander grandest
People who are grand think they are important or socially superior.

- He is grander and even richer than the Prince of Wales.

- The Duke of Clarence will be there, and many of your grander friends.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

4. grand
If you describe an activity or experience as grand , you mean that it is very pleasant and enjoyable.

- Few museums could rival the Old Royal Observatory at Greenwich for a grand day out.

- The dinner was a grand success.

- He was having a grand time meeting new sorts of people.

ADJ
= great

5. grand grander grandest
You can describe someone or something as grand when you admire or approve of them very much. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- He was a grand bloke.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= great wonderful

6. grand
A grand total is one that is the final amount or the final result of a calculation.

- It came to a grand total of £220,329.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. grand
Grand is often used in the names of buildings such as hotels, especially when they are very large.

- They stayed at The Grand Hotel, Budapest.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. grand grands
A grand is a thousand dollars or a thousand pounds. (INFORMAL)

- They're paying you ten grand now for those adaptations of old plays.

N-COUNT: usu a /num N The form grand is used as the plural

9. grand grands
A grand is the same as a grand piano .
N-COUNT: usu sing

grand

adjective

1.

impressive

dignified

grandiose

great

imposing

large

magnificent

regal

splendid

stately

sublime

2.

excellent

fine

first-class

great informal

outstanding

smashing informal

splendid

wonderful

grandad

[ˈɡrændæd]

n.

爷爷

grandad

grandad grandads
Your grandad is your grandfather. (INFORMAL)

- My grandad is 85.

N-FAMILY also granddad .

grandaddy

[D.J.:ˈɡrænˌdædi]

[K.K.:ˈɡrænˌdædi]

n.

〈非正〉①祖师爷；老祖宗②爷爷，祖父

grandaddy

grandaddy grandaddies
Some people refer to or address their grandfather as grandaddy . (AM, INFORMAL)
N-FAMILY also granddaddy .
= grandad

grandchild

[D.J.:ˈɡræntʃaild]

[K.K.:ˈɡrændˌtʃaɪld, ˈɡræn-]

n.

孙(女), 外孙(女)

grandchildren

n.

孙子

grandchild **

grandchild grandchildren
Someone's grandchild is the child of their son or daughter.

- Mary loves her grandchildren.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

granddaughter

[D.J.:ˈgrænˌdɔ:tə]

[K.K.:ˈɡrænˌdɔtɚ]

n.

(外)孙女

granddaughter *

granddaughter granddaughters
Someone's granddaughter is the daughter of their son or daughter.

- ...a drawing of my granddaughter Amelia.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

grandee

[D.J.:ɡrænˈdi:]

[K.K.:ɡrænˈdi]

n.

贵族,大公,显贵者

grandee

1. grandee grandees
In the past, a grandee was a Spanish prince of the highest rank.
N-COUNT

2. grandee grandees
You can refer to someone, especially a politician, who is upper class and has a lot of influence as a grandee . (mainly BRIT)

- He is a former defence secretary of the United States and a grandee of the Democratic Party.

N-COUNT

grandeur

[D.J.:ˈɡrændʒə]

[K.K.:ˈɡrændʒɚ, -ˌdʒʊr]

n.

宏伟, 壮观, 富丽堂皇

grandeur *

1. grandeur
If something such as a building or a piece of scenery has grandeur , it is impressive because of its size, its beauty, or its power.

- Venezuela is the ideal starting point to explore the grandeur and natural beauty of South America.

- Only inside do you appreciate the church's true grandeur.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n
= magnificence splendour

2. grandeur
Someone's grandeur is the great importance and social status that they have, or think they have.

- He is wholly concerned with his own grandeur.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N

grandeur

noun

splendour

dignity

magnificence

majesty

nobility

pomp

stateliness

sublimity

grandfather

[D.J.:ˈɡrændˌfɑ:ðə]

[K.K.:ˈɡrændˌfɑðɚ, ˈɡræn-]

n.

(外)祖父

grandfather **

grandfather grandfathers
Your grandfather is the father of your father or mother.

- His grandfather was a professor.

N-FAMILY

grandfather clock

grandfather clock grandfather clocks
A grandfather clock is an old-fashioned type of clock in a tall wooden case which stands upright on the floor.
N-COUNT

grandiloquence

[D.J.:ɡrænˈdiləkwəns]

[K.K.:ɡrænˈdɪləkwəns]

n.

夸张之言,豪言壮语,豪语

grandiloquent

[D.J.:grænˈdɪləkwənt]

adj.

夸张的,大言不惭的

grandiloquence

n.

grandiloquent

grandiloquent
Grandiloquent language or behaviour is very formal, literary, or exaggerated, and is used by people when they want to seem important. (FORMAL)

- She attacked her colleagues for indulging in `grandiose and grandiloquent language'.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

grandiose

[D.J.:ˈgrændi:ˌəʊs, ˌgrændi:ˈəʊs]

[K.K.:ˈɡrændiˌos, ˌɡrændiˈos]

adj.

庄严的, 壮观的

浮夸的, 做作的

grandiose *

grandiose
If you describe something as grandiose , you mean it is bigger or more elaborate than necessary.

- The sad truth is that not one of Kim's grandiose plans has even begun.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

grandiose

adjective

1.

pretentious

affected

bombastic

extravagant

flamboyant

high-flown

ostentatious

pompous

showy

2.

imposing

grand

impressive

lofty

magnificent

majestic

monumental

stately

grand jury *

grand jury grand juries
A grand jury is a jury, usually in the United States, which considers a criminal case in order to decide if someone should be tried in a court of law.

- They have already given evidence before a grand jury in Washington.

N-COUNT

grandly

adv.

宏伟地,堂皇地,盛大地

grandly

1. grandly
You say that someone speaks or behaves grandly when they are trying to impress other people.

- He grandly declared that `international politics is a struggle for power'.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj disapproval

2. grandly
You use grandly in expressions such as `grandly named' or `grandly called' to say that the name of a place or thing makes it sound much more impressive than it really is. (mainly BRIT)

- The grandly named European Cricketer Cup is based at Worksop College.

- Lucille's home was very grandly called a chateau, though in truth it was nothing more than a large moated farm.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV before v

grandma

[D.J.:ˈɡrænmɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈɡrændˌmɑ, ˈɡræn-, ˈɡræmˌmɑ, ˈɡræmə]

n.

〈非正〉奶奶, 外婆

grandma *

grandma grandmas
Your grandma is your grandmother. (INFORMAL)

- Grandma was from Scotland.

N-FAMILY

Grandmaster

Grandmaster
In chess, a Grandmaster is a player who has achieved a very high standard in tournaments.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

grandmother

[D.J.:ˈɡrændˌmʌðə]

[K.K.:ˈɡrændˌmʌðɚ, ˈɡræn-]

n.

(外)祖母

grandmother **

grandmother grandmothers
Your grandmother is the mother of your father or mother.

- My grandmothers are both widows.

N-FAMILY

grandpa

[D.J.:ˈɡrænpɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈɡrændˌpɑ, ˈɡræn-, ˈɡræmˌpɑ, ˈɡræmpə]

n.

〈非正〉爷爷, 外公, 老太爷

grandpa

grandpa grandpas
Your grandpa is your grandfather. (INFORMAL)

- Grandpa was not yet back from the war.

N-FAMILY
= grandad

grandparent

[D.J.:ˈɡrændˌpɛərənt]

[K.K.:ˈɡrændˌpɛrənt, -ˌpær-, ˈɡræn-]

n.

(外)祖父, (外)祖母

grandparent *

grandparent grandparents
Your grandparents are the parents of your father or mother.

- Tammy was raised by her grandparents.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft poss N

grand piano

grand piano grand pianos
A grand piano is a large piano whose strings are set horizontally to the ground. Grand pianos are used especially for giving concerts and making recordings.
N-COUNT

Grand Prix **

Grand Prix Grands Prix or Grand Prix
A Grand Prix is one of a series of races for very powerful racing cars; also used sometimes in the names of competitions in other sports.

- He never won the British Grand Prix.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

Grand Slam *

1. Grand Slam
In sport, a Grand Slam tournament is a major one.

- ...her 39 Grand Slam titles.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. Grand Slam Grand Slams
Also a noun.

- It's my first Grand Slam and I was hoping to make a good impression.

N-COUNT

3. Grand Slam Grand Slams
If someone wins a Grand Slam , they win all the major tournaments in a season in a particular sport, for example in rugby or tennis.

- They won the Grand Slam in 1990.

N-COUNT

grandson

[D.J.:ˈgrændˌsʌn, ˈgræn-]

[K.K.:ˈɡrændˌsʌn, ˈɡræn-]

n.

(外)孙

grandson *

grandson grandsons
Someone's grandson is the son of their son or daughter.

- My grandson's birthday was on Tuesday.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

grandstand

[D.J.:ˈgrændˌstænd, ˈgræn-]

[K.K.:ˈɡrændˌstænd, ˈɡræn-]

n.

(运动场等的)看台

vi.

<口>为博取观众喝彩而卖弄(技巧)

grandstand play

花式动作

哗众取宠

grandstand *

grandstand grandstands
A grandstand is a covered stand with rows of seats for people to sit on at sporting events.
N-COUNT

grandstanding

grandstanding
Grandstanding means behaving in a way that makes people pay attention to you instead of thinking about more important matters. (mainly AM)

- Opponents of the measure say it's political grandstanding that could prove devastating to the economy.

N-UNCOUNT

Grand Tour

Grand Tour Grand Tours
The Grand Tour was a journey round the main cities of Europe that young men from rich families used to make as part of their education.

- Every traveller on the Grand Tour had to visit Florence.

N-COUNT also grand tour .

granite

[D.J.:ˈɡrænit]

[K.K.:ˈɡrænɪt]

n.

花岗岩, 花岗石

granite *

granite granites
Granite is a very hard rock used in building.
N-MASS

granny

[D.J.:ˈgræni:]

[K.K.:ˈɡræni]

n.

奶奶,外婆,老奶奶

granny *

granny grannies
Some people refer to their grandmother as granny . (INFORMAL)

- ...my old granny.

N-FAMILY also grannie .

grant

[D.J.:ɡrɑ:nt]

[K.K.:ɡrænt]

vt.

准许; 答应给予

承认

n.

补助金, 助学金, 津贴

granted

[D.J.:ˈ gr ɑ:ntɪd]

[K.K.:ˈɡræntɪd]

conj.

假定;就算

take sb/sth for granted

不把…当回事；对…不予重视

take sth for granted (that …)

认为…是理所当然的；对…想当然

grant ****

1. grant grants
A grant is an amount of money that a government or other institution gives to an individual or to an organization for a particular purpose such as education or home improvements.

- They'd got a special grant to encourage research.

- Unfortunately, my application for a grant was rejected.

N-COUNT

2. grant grants granting granted
If someone in authority grants you something, or if something is granted to you, you are allowed to have it. (FORMAL)

- France has agreed to grant him political asylum.

- It was a Labour government which granted independence to India and Pakistan.

- Permission was granted a few weeks ago.

VB
= give

3. grant grants granting granted
You use ` I grant you ' or ` I'll grant you ' to say that you accept something is true, even though your opinion about it does not change.

- The magistrates granted that the charity was justified in bringing the action.

- He took a risk, I'll grant you. But when you think about it, the risk was pretty small.

- I grant you that there have been excesses here and there. But this happens in any popular national struggle.

PHR: oft PHR that

4. grant
If you say that someone takes you for granted , you are complaining that they benefit from your help, efforts, or presence without showing that they are grateful.

- What right has the family to take me for granted, Martin?.

- The officials felt taken for granted and grumbled loudly.

PHR: take inflects

5. grant
If you take something for granted , you believe that it is true or accept it as normal without thinking about it.

- I was amazed that virtually all the things I took for granted up north just didn't happen in London.

PHR: take inflects

6. grant
If you take it for granted that something is the case, you believe that it is true or you accept it as normal without thinking about it.

- He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a representative.

PHR: take inflects, PHR that

granted

1. granted
You use granted or granted that at the beginning of a clause to say that something is true, before you make a comment on it.

- Granted that the firm has not broken the law, is the law what it should be?

CONJ-SUBORD

2. granted
Also an adverb.

- Granted, he doesn't look too bad for his age, though there's nothing about his character that would appeal to me.

ADV: ADV with cl
= true

grant

verb

1.

consent to

accede to

agree to

allow

permit

2.

give

allocate

allot

assign

award

donate

hand out

present

3.

admit

acknowledge

concede

noun

4.

award

allowance

donation

endowment

gift

hand-out

present

subsidy

grant-maintained *

grant-maintained
In Britain, a grant-maintained school is one which receives money directly from the national government rather than from a local authority.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

granular

[D.J.:ˈgrænjələ]

[K.K.:ˈɡrænjəlɚ]

adj.

颗粒状的

granular

granular
Granular substances are composed of a lot of granules, or feel or look as if they are composed of a lot of granules.

- ...a granular fertiliser.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

granulated sugar

granulated sugar
Granulated sugar is sugar that is in the form of grains, and is usually white.
N-UNCOUNT

granule

[D.J.:ˈgrænju:l]

[K.K.:ˈɡrænjul]

n.

小颗粒,小硬粒

granules

粒料

granule

granule granules
Granules are small round pieces of something.

- She was spooning coffee granules into cups.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft supp N

granule

noun

grain

atom

crumb

fragment

molecule

particle

scrap

speck

grape

[D.J.:ɡreip]

[K.K.:ɡrep]

n.

葡萄

grape **

1. grape grapes
Grapes are small green or dark purple fruit which grow in bunches. Grapes can be eaten raw, used for making wine, or dried.
N-COUNT

2. grape
If you describe someone's attitude as sour grapes , you mean that they say something is worthless or undesirable because they want it themselves but cannot have it.

- These accusations have been going on for some time now, but it is just sour grapes.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, PHR after v

grapefruit

[D.J.:ˈgreɪpˌfru:t]

[K.K.:ˈɡrepˌfrut]

n.

葡萄柚;西柚；柚子

grapefruit *

grapefruit
A grapefruit is a large, round, yellow fruit, similar to an orange, that has a sharp, slightly bitter taste.
N-VAR The plural can be either grapefruit or grapefruits

grapevine

[D.J.:ˈgreɪpˌvaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈɡrepˌvaɪn]

n.

传闻, 小道消息

on/through the grapevine

通过小道消息；根据传闻

grapevine *

1. grapevine
If you hear or learn something on the grapevine , you hear it or learn it in casual conversation with other people.

- He'd doubtless heard rumours on the grapevine.

- I had heard through the grapevine that he was quite critical of what we were doing.

N-SING: usu on/through the N

2. grapevine grapevines
A grapevine is a climbing plant on which grapes grow.
N-COUNT

graph

[D.J.:ɡrɑ:f]

[K.K.:ɡræf]

n.

图表, 曲线图

graph *

graph graphs
A graph is a mathematical diagram which shows the relationship between two or more sets of numbers or measurements.
N-COUNT

graphic

[D.J.:ˈɡræfik]

[K.K.:ˈɡræfɪk]

adj.

绘画的, 文字的, 图表的

形象的, 生动的

graphically

[D.J.:ˈ græfɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡræfɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

通过图表

生动地;轮廓分明地

graphics

[D.J.:ˈgræfɪks]

[K.K.:ˈɡræfɪks]

n.

图样;图案;绘图;图像

graphic **

1. graphic
If you say that a description or account of something unpleasant is graphic , you are emphasizing that it is clear and detailed.

- The descriptions of sexual abuse are graphic.

- ...graphic scenes of drug taking.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= explicit

2. graphically

- Here, graphically displayed, was confirmation of the entire story.

ADV-GRADED; ADV with v

3. graphic
Graphic means concerned with drawing or pictures, especially in publishing, industry, or computing.

- ...the graphic design department.

- ...fine and graphic arts.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. graphic
Graphics is the activity of drawing or making pictures, especially in publishing, industry, or computing.

- ...a computer manufacturer which specialises in graphics.

N-UNCOUNT

5. graphic graphics
Graphics are drawings and pictures that are composed using simple lines and sometimes strong colours.

- The articles are noticeably shorter with strong headlines and graphics.

- The Agriculture Department today released a new graphic to replace the old symbol.

N-COUNT: usu pl

graphic

adjective

1.

vivid

clear

detailed

explicit

expressive

lively

lucid

striking

2.

pictorial

diagrammatic

visual

graphical

[ˈɡræfikəl]

adj.

绘成图画似的,绘画的

graphical

graphical
A graphical representation of something uses graphs or similar images to represent statistics or figures.

- A graphical representation of results is shown in figure 1.

- ...a graphical map of Britain showing the party gains in each area.

ADJ: ADJ n

graphic design

graphic design
Graphic design is the art of designing advertisements, magazines, and books by combining pictures and words.
N-UNCOUNT

graphic designer

graphic designer graphic designers
A graphic designer is a person who designs advertisements, magazines, and books by combining pictures and words.

- She asked her son, a graphic designer, to create letterheads and stationery.

N-COUNT

graphite

[D.J.:ˈgræfˌaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɡræfˌaɪt]

n.

<化>石墨

graphitic

adj.

石墨的

graphite *

graphite
Graphite is a soft black substance that is a form of carbon. It is used in pencils and electrical equipment.
N-UNCOUNT

graphology

[D.J.:græˈfɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ɡræˈfɑlədʒi]

笔体学

graphology

[D.J.:ɡræˈfɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:ɡræˈfɑlədʒi]

n.

笔迹学,笔迹相法

graphology

graphology
Graphology is the study of people's handwriting in order to discover what sort of personality they have.
N-UNCOUNT

graph paper

graph paper
Graph paper is paper that has small squares printed on it so that you can use it for drawing graphs.
N-UNCOUNT

grapple

[D.J.:ˈgræpəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡræpəl]

vt.

抓住, 与…格斗, 与…扭打

grapple with

努力应付困境(或解决难题)

grappling

[D.J.:ˈgræplɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡræplɪŋ]

抓机;锚定

grapple *

1. grapple grapples grappling grappled
If you grapple with a problem or difficulty, you try hard to solve it.

- The economy is just one of several critical problems the country is grappling with.

VB

2. grapple grapples grappling grappled
If you grapple with someone, you take hold of them and struggle with them, as part of a fight. You can also say that two people grapple .

- He was grappling with an alligator in a lagoon.

- They grappled desperately for control of the weapon.

V-RECIP
= wrestle

grapple

verb

1.

grip

clutch

grab

grasp

seize

wrestle

2.

deal with

address oneself to

confront

get to grips with

struggle

tackle

take on

grasp

[D.J.:ɡrɑ:sp]

[K.K.:ɡræsp]

vt.

抓住, 抓紧

理解, 领会

n.

抓住; 理解

grasping

[D.J.:ˈgræspɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡræspɪŋ]

adj.

<贬>(尤指对钱)贪心的;贪婪的

grasp **

1. grasp grasps grasping grasped
If you grasp something, you take it in your hand and hold it very firmly.

- He grasped both my hands.

- She was trying to grasp at something.

VB
See also grasping .

2. grasp
A grasp is a very firm hold or grip.

- His hand was taken in a warm, firm grasp.

N-SING: with supp

3. grasp
If you say that something is in someone's grasp , you disapprove of the fact that they possess or control it. If something slips from your grasp , you lose it or lose control of it.

- The people in your grasp are not guests, they are hostages.

- She allowed victory to slip from her grasp.

- ...the task of liberating a number of states from the grasp of tyrants.

N-SING: with poss, oft in/from N

4. grasp grasps grasping grasped
If you grasp something that is complicated or difficult to understand, you understand it.

- The Government has not yet grasped the seriousness of the crisis.

- He instantly grasped that Stephen was talking about his wife.

VB

5. grasp
A grasp of something is an understanding of it.

- They have a good grasp of foreign languages.

N-SING: with supp, usu N of N

6. grasp
If you say that something is within someone's grasp , you mean that it is very likely that they will achieve it.

- Peace is now within our grasp.

PHR: v-link PHR

grasping

grasping
If you describe someone as grasping , you are criticizing them for wanting to get and keep as much money as possible, and for being unwilling to spend it.

- ...a greedy grasping drug-ridden individual...

- They were grasping and manipulative.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

grasp

verb

1.

grip

catch

clasp

clinch

clutch

grab

grapple

hold

lay or take hold of

seize

snatch

2.

understand

catch on

catch or get the drift of

comprehend

get

realize

see

take in

noun

3.

grip

clasp

clutches

embrace

hold

possession

tenure

4.

control

power

reach

scope

5.

understanding

awareness

comprehension

grip

knowledge

mastery

grasping

adjective

greedy

acquisitive

avaricious

covetous

rapacious

grass

[D.J.:ɡrɑ:s]

[K.K.:ɡrɑs]

n.

草, 牧草

禾本科植物

草地, 草坪; 牧场

告密者

grassing

草上晒白法

grass ***

1. grass grasses
Grass is a very common plant consisting of large numbers of thin, spiky, green leaves that cover the surface of the ground.

- Small things stirred in the grass around the tent.

- The lawn contained a mixture of grasses.

N-MASS

2. grass
If you talk about the grass , you are referring to an area of ground that is covered with grass, for example in your garden.

- In the old days, there were strict fines for walking on the grass or missing a study period.

- I'm going to cut the grass.

N-SING: usu the N

3. grass
Grass is the same as marijuana . (INFORMAL)

- I started smoking grass when I was about sixteen.

N-UNCOUNT
= dope

4. grass grasses grassing grassed
If you say that one person grasses on another, the first person tells the police or other authorities about something criminal or wrong which the second person has done. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- His wife wants him to grass on the members of his own gang.

- He was repeatedly attacked by other inmates, who accused him of grassing.

VB disapproval
= inform

5. grass up grasses up; grassing up; grassed up
Grass up means the same as grass .

- How many of them are going to grass up their own kids to the police?

PHR-V

6. grass grasses
A grass is someone who tells the police or other authorities about criminal activities that they know about. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval
= informer

7. grass
If you say the grass is greener somewhere else, you mean that other people's situations always seem better or more attractive than your own, but may not really be so.

- He was very happy with us but wanted to see if the grass was greener elsewhere.

PHR: V inflects

8. grass
If you say that someone is being put out to grass , you mean they are no longer being employed because they are considered to be too old or no longer useful. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM usually use put out to pasture )

- The Prime Minister refused to be put out to grass. Asked if he would quit, he replied: `The answer is No'.

PHR: V inflects

grass over ***

grass over grasses over; grassing over; grassed over
If an area of ground is grassed over , grass is planted all over it.

- The asphalt playgrounds have been grassed over or sown with flowers.

PHR-V: usu passive

grasshopper

[D.J.:ˈgræsˌhɔpə]

[K.K.:ˈɡræsˌhɑpɚ]

n.

蚱蜢

knee-high to a grasshopper

(孩子)矮小的；幼小的

grasshopper

grasshopper grasshoppers
A grasshopper is an insect with long back legs that jumps high into the air and makes a high, vibrating sound.
N-COUNT

grassland

[D.J.:ˈgrɑ:slænd]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɑsˌlænd]

n.

草原，牧场

grassland *

grassland
Grassland is land covered with wild grass.

- ...areas of open grassland.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, usu supp N

grass roots *

grass roots
The grass roots of an organization or movement are the ordinary people who form the main part of it, rather than its leaders.

- You have to join the party at grass-roots level from what I understand.

N-PLURAL: oft N n also grass-roots , grassroots .

grassy

[D.J.:ˈgræsi:]

[K.K.:ˈɡræsi]

adj.

被草覆盖的;长满草的

grassy *

grassy grassier grassiest
A grassy area of land is covered in grass.

- Its buildings are half-hidden behind grassy banks.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

grate

[D.J.:greɪt]

[K.K.:ɡret]

n.

炉格, 炉箅

vt.

磨碎, 压碎

vi.

发出刺耳的摩擦声

grated

[ˈɡreitid]

adj.

搓碎的

grating

[D.J.:ˈgreɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡretɪŋ]

n.

格栅,栅栏,格子

grate **

1. grate grates
A grate is a framework of metal bars in a fireplace, which holds the coal or wood.

- A wood fire burned in the grate.

N-COUNT

2. grate grates grating grated
If you grate food such as cheese or carrots, you rub it over a metal tool called a grater so that the food is cut into very small pieces.

- Grate the cheese into a mixing bowl.

- ...grated carrot.

VB

3. grate grates grating grated
When something grates , it rubs against something else making a harsh, unpleasant sound.

- His chair grated as he got to his feet.

- The gun barrel grated against the floor.

VB

4. grate grates grating grated
If something such as someone's behaviour grates on you or grates , it makes you feel annoyed.

- His manner always grated on me.

- What truly grates is the painful banter.

VB

grating

1. grating gratings
A grating is a flat metal frame with rows of bars across it, which is fastened over a window or over a hole in a wall or the ground.

- ...an open grating in the sidewalk.

N-COUNT

2. grating
A grating sound is harsh and unpleasant.

- She recognized the grating voice of Dr. Sarnoff.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

grate

verb

1.

shred

mince

pulverize

triturate

2.

scrape

creak

grind

rasp

rub

scratch

3.

annoy

exasperate

get on one's nerves informal

irritate

jar

rankle

set one's teeth on edge

grating

adjective

irritating

annoying

discordant

displeasing

harsh

jarring

offensive

raucous

strident

unpleasant

grating

noun

grille

grate

grid

gridiron

lattice

trellis

grateful

[D.J.:ˈɡreitful]

[K.K.:ˈɡretfəl]

adj.

感激的, 感谢的

gratefully

[D.J.:ˈ greɪtfəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡretfəlɪ]

adv.

感激地,感谢地

令人快意地；舒适地

grateful **

1. grateful
If you are grateful for something that someone has given you or done for you, you have warm, friendly feelings towards them and wish to thank them.

- She was grateful to him for being so good to her.

- I should like to extend my grateful thanks to all the volunteers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to n, ADJ for n/-ing

2. gratefully

- `That's kind of you, Sally,' Claire said gratefully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

grateful

adjective

thankful

appreciative

beholden

indebted

obliged

grater

[D.J.:ˈɡreitə]

[K.K.:ˈɡretɚ]

n.

摩擦者,擦菜板

grater

grater graters
A grater is a kitchen tool which has a rough surface that you use for cutting food into very small pieces.
N-COUNT

gratification

[D.J.:ˌgrætəfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɡrætəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

满足;满意;喜悦

使人满意之事;可喜的事物

gratify

[D.J.:ˈgrætəˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡrætəˌfaɪ]

vt.

使高兴;使满意

gratifying

[ˈɡrætifaiiŋ]

adj.

悦人的,令人满足的

gratify *

1. gratify gratifies gratifying gratified
If you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure or satisfaction. (FORMAL)

- Mr. Dambar was gratified by his response.

VB

2. gratified

- He was gratified to hear that his idea had been confirmed.

- They were gratified that America kept its promise.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf, ADJ that

3. gratifying

- We took a chance and we've won. It's very gratifying.

- ...a gratifying development.

ADJ-GRADED

4. gratification

- He is waiting for them to recognise him and eventually they do, much to his gratification.

N-UNCOUNT

5. gratify gratifies gratifying gratified
If you gratify your own or another person's desire, you do what is necessary to please yourself or them. (FORMAL)

- We gratified our friend's curiosity.

- Every whim will be gratified.

VB
= satisfy

6. gratification

- ...sexual gratification.

N-UNCOUNT

gratification

noun

satisfaction

delight

enjoyment

fulfilment

indulgence

pleasure

relish

reward

thrill

gratify

verb

please

delight

give pleasure

gladden

humour

requite

satisfy

gratin

[D.J.:ˈɡræt(ŋ)]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɑtn, ˈɡrætn, ɡræˈtæŋ]

n.

(通常由面包屑和溶化的干酪制的浅棕色)脆皮

有脆皮的烘烤菜肴

gratin

gratin; gratins
A gratin is a dish containing vegetables or sometimes meat or fish. It is covered with cheese or cheese sauce and baked in the oven.

- ...fresh salmon with potato and cheese gratin.

N-VAR

gratis

[D.J.:ˈgrætɪs, ˈgrɑ:tɪs, ˈgreɪ-]

[K.K.:ˈɡrætɪs, ˈɡrɑtɪs, ˈɡre-]

adv.

不付款地;免费地

gratis

1. gratis
If something is done or provided gratis , it does not have to be paid for.

- David gives the first consultation gratis.

ADV: ADV after v
= free

2. gratis
Also an adjective.

- What I did for you was free, gratis, you understand?

ADJ
= free

gratitude

[D.J.:ˈɡrætitju:d]

[K.K.:ˈɡrætɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

感激, 感谢

gratitude *

gratitude
Gratitude is the state of feeling grateful.

- ...a sense of gratitude...

- I wish to express my gratitude to Kathy Davis for her immense practical help.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for/to n

gratitude

noun

thankfulness

appreciation

gratefulness

indebtedness

obligation

recognition

thanks

gratuitous

[D.J.:grəˈtu:ɪtəs, -ˈtju:-]

[K.K.:ɡrəˈtuɪtəs, -ˈtju-]

adj.

不必要的, 未要求的

无偿的, 免费的

gratuitous *

1. gratuitous
If you describe something as gratuitous , you mean that it is unnecessary, and often harmful or upsetting.

- There's too much crime and gratuitous violence on TV.

- ...his insistence on offering gratuitous advice.

ADJ-GRADED
= needless

2. gratuitously

- They wanted me to change the title to something less gratuitously offensive.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v

gratuitous

adjective

1.

free

complimentary

gratis

spontaneous

unasked-for

unpaid

unrewarded

voluntary

2.

unjustified

baseless

causeless

groundless

needless

superfluous

uncalled-for

unmerited

unnecessary

unwarranted

wanton

gratuity

[D.J.:grəˈtu:ɪti:, -ˈtju:-]

[K.K.:ɡrəˈtuɪti, -ˈtju-]

n.

报酬;小账,小费

养老金,退休金

gratuity

1. gratuity gratuities
A gratuity is a gift of money to someone who has done something for you. (FORMAL)

- The porter expects a gratuity.

N-COUNT
= tip

2. gratuity gratuities
A gratuity is large gift of money that is given to someone when they leave their job, especially when they leave the armed forces. (BRIT, FORMAL)

- He is taking a gratuity from the Navy.

N-COUNT

gratuity

noun

tip

bonus

donation

gift

largesse or largess

reward

grave

[D.J.:ɡreiv]

[K.K.:ɡrev]

n.

坟墓

死亡

adj.

(指情况)严重的

严肃的, 庄重的

gravely

[D.J.:ˈ greɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡrevlɪ]

adv.

严肃地,庄重地

严重地

沉重地,阴郁地

graver

[D.J.:ˈɡreivə]

[K.K.:ˈɡrevɚ]

n.

雕刻师,雕刻刀

grave ***

1. grave graves
A grave is a place where a dead person is buried.

- They used to visit her grave twice a year.

N-COUNT

2. grave graves
You can refer to someone's death as their grave or to death as the grave .

- ...drinking yourself to an early grave...

- Most men would rather go to the grave than own up to feelings of dependency.

N-COUNT: oft to N, oft poss/adj N

3. grave graver gravest
A grave event or situation is very serious, important, and worrying.

- He said that the situation in his country is very grave.

- I have grave doubts that the documents tell the whole story.

ADJ-GRADED

4. gravely

- They had gravely impaired the credibility of the government.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v

5. grave graver gravest
A grave person is quiet and serious in their appearance or behaviour.

- William was up on the roof for some time and when he came down he looked grave.

- Anxiously, she examined his unusually grave face.

ADJ-GRADED

6. gravely

- `I think I've covered that business more than adequately,' he said gravely.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

7. grave
In some languages such as French, a grave accent is a symbol that is placed over a vowel in a word to show how the vowel is pronounced. For example, the word `mère' has a grave accent over the first `e'.
ADJ: ADJ n

8. grave
If you say that someone is digging their own grave , you are warning them that they are doing something foolish or dangerous that will cause their own failure.

- The magazine isn't trying to ruin his career, the man's digging his own grave by refusing an interview.

PHR: V and N inflect

9. grave
If you say that someone who is dead would turn in their grave at something that is happening now, you mean that they would be very shocked or upset by it, if they were alive.

- Darwin must be turning in his grave at the thought of what is being perpetrated in his name.

PHR: V and N inflect

grave

noun

burying place

crypt

mausoleum

pit

sepulchre

tomb

vault

grave

adjective

1.

solemn

dignified

dour

earnest

serious

sober

sombre

unsmiling

2.

important

acute

critical

dangerous

pressing

serious

severe

threatening

urgent

gravedigger

[D.J.:ˈgreɪvˌdɪgə]

[K.K.:ˈɡrevˌdɪɡɚ]

n.

挖墓人,埋葬虫(一种甲虫)

gravedigger

gravedigger gravediggers
A gravedigger is a person whose job is to dig the graves in which dead people can be buried.
N-COUNT

gravel

[D.J.:ˈɡrævəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡrævəl]

n.

沙砾, 砾石

vt.

以砾石铺路

gravel *

gravel
Gravel consists of very small stones. It is often used to make paths.

- ...a gravel path leading to the front door.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

gravelled

gravelled
A gravelled path, road, or area has a surface made of gravel.
ADJ: ADJ n (AM) graveled

gravelly

[D.J.:ˈɡrævəli]

[K.K.:ˈɡrævəli]

adj.

多碎石的,碎石构成的,铺有碎石的

gravelly

1. gravelly
A gravelly voice is low and rather rough and harsh.

- There's a triumphant note in his gravelly voice.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. gravelly
A gravelly area of land is covered in or full of small stones.

- Water runs through the gravelly soil very quickly.

ADJ-GRADED

graveside

[D.J.:ˈgreɪvˌsaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈɡrevˌsaɪd]

n.

坟墓边

graveside

graveside gravesides
You can refer to the area around a grave as the graveside , usually when you are talking about the time when someone is buried.

- Both women wept at his graveside.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft at N

gravestone

[D.J.:ˈgreɪvˌstəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈɡrevˌston]

n.

墓碑

gravestone

gravestone gravestones
A gravestone is a large stone with words carved into it, which is placed on a grave.
N-COUNT
= tombstone

graveyard

[D.J.:ˈgreɪvˌjɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈɡrevˌjɑrd]

n.

墓地,坟场(常在教堂附近)

垃圾场;废物堆积处;收容所

graveyard *

1. graveyard graveyards
A graveyard is an area of land, sometimes near a church, where dead people are buried.

- They made their way to a graveyard to pay their traditional respects to the dead.

N-COUNT
= cemetery

2. graveyard graveyards
If you call a place a graveyard of particular things, you mean that there are many broken or unwanted things of that kind there.

- This had once been the greatest port in the world, now it was a graveyard of rusting cranes.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n disapproval

3. graveyard graveyards
If you call an event or place the graveyard for particular people or their hopes, you mean that those people have often failed in such events or in that place. (WRITTEN)

- Europe has been the graveyard for American golfers recently.

N-COUNT: usu N for/of n

graveyard

noun

cemetery

burial ground

charnel house

churchyard

necropolis

graveyard shift

graveyard shift graveyard shifts
If someone works the graveyard shift , they work during the night. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT: usu the N

gravitas

[D.J.:ˈɡrævitæs]

[K.K.:ˈɡrævɪˌtɑs]

n.

〈拉〉庄严的举止,庄严

gravitas

gravitas
If you say that someone has gravitas , you mean that you respect them because they seem serious and intelligent. (FORMAL)

- Pale, dark, authoritative, with the gravitas you might expect of a Booker prize winner, former don, author of 13 books.

N-UNCOUNT

gravitate

[D.J.:ˈgrævɪˌteɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɡrævɪˌtet]

vi.

①受重力作用

被吸引

gravitate to/toward(s)

被吸引到；受吸引而转向

gravitating

重力吸引

gravitate

gravitate gravitates gravitating gravitated
If you gravitate towards a particular place, thing, or activity, you are attracted by it and go to it or get involved in it.

- Traditionally young Asians in Britain have gravitated towards medicine, law and engineering.

VB

gravitation

[D.J.:ˌgrævɪˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɡrævɪˈteʃən]

n.

吸引力;倾向,趋势

gravitation

gravitation
In physics, gravitation is the force which causes objects to be attracted towards each other because they have mass. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

gravitational

[ˌɡræviˈteiʃnəl]

adj.

万有引力的; 重力的

gravitational *

gravitational
Gravitational means relating to or resulting from the force of gravity. (TECHNICAL)

- If a spacecraft travels faster than 11 km a second, it escapes the earth's gravitational pull.

ADJ: ADJ n

gravity

[D.J.:ˈɡræviti]

[K.K.:ˈɡrævɪti]

n.

万有引力; 地心引力; 重力

严重性; 严肃, 庄严

gravity **

1. gravity
Gravity is the force which causes things to drop to the ground.

- Arrows would continue to fly forward forever in a straight line were it not for gravity, which brings them down to earth.

N-UNCOUNT
See also centre of gravity .

2. gravity
The gravity of a situation or event is its extreme importance or seriousness.

- The president said those who grab power through violence deserve punishment which matches the gravity of their crime.

- Not all acts of vengeance are of equal gravity.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. gravity
The gravity of someone's behaviour or speech is the extremely serious way in which they behave or speak.

- There was an appealing gravity to everything she said.

N-UNCOUNT

gravity

noun

1.

importance

acuteness

momentousness

perilousness

seriousness

severity

significance

urgency

weightiness

2.

solemnity

dignity

earnestness

gravitas

seriousness

sobriety

gravy

[D.J.:ˈɡreivi]

[K.K.:ˈɡrevi]

n.

肉汁

肉卤

gravy *

gravy gravies
Gravy is a sauce made from the juices that come from meat when it cooks.
N-MASS

gravy boat

gravy boat gravy boats
A gravy boat is a long narrow jug that is used to serve gravy.
N-COUNT

gravy train

gravy train gravy trains
If an organization or person earns a lot of money without doing much work, you can say that they are on the gravy train . (JOURNALISM)

- We were disgusted when bosses awarded themselves a massive pay rise. How can they get on the gravy train, but ask us to take a wage freeze?

N-COUNT: oft on the N disapproval

graze

[D.J.:ɡreiz]

[K.K.:ɡrez]

vt. & vi.

(让动物)吃草

轻擦; 擦破

vt.

擦过, 掠过

n.

擦伤

grazing

[D.J.:ˈgreɪzɪŋ]

n.

放牧;牧场;草场

graze **

1. graze grazes grazing grazed
When animals graze or are grazed , they eat the grass or other plants that are growing in a particular place. You can also say that a field is grazed by animals.

- Five cows graze serenely around a massive oak.

- The hills have been grazed by sheep because they were too steep to be ploughed.

- Several horses grazed the meadowland.

- ...a large herd of grazing animals.

V-ERG

2. graze grazes grazing grazed
If you graze a part of your body, you injure your skin by scraping against something.

- I had grazed my knees a little.

VB

3. grazed

- ...grazed arms and legs.

ADJ

4. graze grazes
A graze is a small wound caused by scraping against something.
N-COUNT

5. graze grazes grazing grazed
If something grazes another thing, it touches that thing lightly as it passes by.

- A bullet had grazed his arm.

- Wright managed a shot but it grazed the near post and rolled harmlessly across the goal.

VB
= brush

grazing

grazing
Grazing or grazing land is land on which animals graze.

- He had nearly a thousand acres of grazing and arable land.

N-UNCOUNT

graze

verb

feed

browse

crop

pasture

graze

verb

1.

touch

brush

glance off

rub

scrape

shave

skim

2.

scratch

abrade

chafe

scrape

skin

noun

3.

scratch

abrasion

scrape

GRE

abbr.

Graduate Record Examination 美国研究生入学考试

GRE

abbr.

Graduate Record Examination 美国研究生入学考试

GRE

GRE
The GRE is the examination which you have to pass to be able to join most graduate degree courses in the United States. GRE is an abbreviation for `Graduate Record Examination'.
N-PROPER

grease

[D.J.:ɡri:s]

[K.K.:ɡris]

n.

动物油脂

油膏, 油脂

vt.

涂油脂于, 用油脂润滑

greased

[ɡri:zd,ɡri:st]

adj.

〈美俚〉灌足酒的,醉的

greasing

[ˈɡri:siŋ]

n.

渗油;污版;脏版(印刷故障)

grease *

1. grease
Grease is a thick, oily substance which is put on the moving parts of cars and other machines in order to make them work smoothly.

- ...grease-stained hands.

N-UNCOUNT
= oil

2. grease greases greasing greased
If you grease a part of a car, machine, or device, you put grease on it in order to make it work smoothly.

- I greased front and rear hubs and adjusted the brakes.

VB
= oil

3. grease
Grease is an oily substance that is produced by your skin.

- His hair is thick with grease.

N-UNCOUNT

4. grease
Grease is animal fat that is produced by cooking meat. You can use grease for cooking.

- He could smell the bacon grease.

N-UNCOUNT

5. grease greases greasing greased
If you grease a dish, you put a small amount of fat or oil around the inside of it in order to prevent food sticking to it during cooking.

- Grease two sturdy baking sheets and heat the oven to 400 degrees.

- Place the frozen rolls on a greased baking tray.

VB
= oil

greasepaint

[D.J.:ˈɡri:speint]

[K.K.:ˈɡrisˌpent]

n.

演员化妆用油

greasepaint

greasepaint
Greasepaint is an oily substance used by actors as make-up.
N-UNCOUNT

greaseproof paper

greaseproof paper
Greaseproof paper is a special kind of paper which does not allow fat or oil to pass through it. It is mainly used in cooking or to wrap food. (BRIT; in AM use wax paper )
N-UNCOUNT

greasiness

n.

多脂,油腻,阿谀

greasy

[D.J.:ˈgri:si:, -zi:]

[K.K.:ˈɡrisi, -zi]

adj.

脂肪的,涂有脂肪的,含脂肪过多的

(指人、举止)谄媚的

greasiness

n.

greasy-box

n.

润滑油箱

greasy cup

<机>油杯

greasy-box

n.

润滑油箱

greasy *

greasy greasier greasiest
Something that is greasy has grease on it or in it.

- ...the problem of greasy hair...

- He propped his elbows upon a greasy counter.

ADJ-GRADED

greasy

adjective

fatty

oily

oleaginous

slimy

slippery

greasy spoon

greasy spoon greasy spoons
A greasy spoon is a small, cheap, unattractive caf´e that serves mostly fried food. (INFORMAL)

- ...a run-down greasy spoon called the Step Inn Cafe.

N-COUNT

great

[D.J.:ɡreit]

[K.K.:ɡret]

adj.

大的, 巨大的; 非常的, 很多的

距离遥远的, 时间久远的

格外的, 相当的

伟大的, 杰出的

非常愉快的, 令人满意的

擅长, 精于

重要的, 显著的, 值得注意的

无比的, 无双的, 极好的

名副其实的, 真正的, 不一般的, 不寻常的

greatest

[ˈɡreitist]

adj.

最好的,最伟大的

greatness

[D.J.:ˈ greɪtnɪ s]

[K.K.:ˈɡretnɪs]

n.

伟大;崇高

著名

大;巨大

great *****

1. great greater greatest
You use great to describe something that is very large. Great is more formal than big .

- The room had a great bay window.

- ...a great hall as long and high as a church.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

2. great greater greatest
Great means large in amount or degree.

- I'll take great care of it.

- Benjamin Britten did not live to a great age.

ADJ-GRADED

3. great greater greatest
You use great to describe something that is important, famous, or exciting.

- ...the great cultural achievements of the past...

- America can be great again.

ADJ-GRADED

4. greatness

- A nation must take certain risks to achieve greatness.

N-UNCOUNT

5. great greater greatest
You can describe someone who is successful and famous for their actions, knowledge, or skill as great .

- Wes Hall was once one of the West Indies' great cricketers.

- ...the great George Padmore.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

6. greatness

- Abraham Lincoln achieved greatness.

N-UNCOUNT

7. great greats
The greats in a particular subject or field of activity are the people who have been most successful or famous in it. (JOURNALISM)

- ...all the greats of Hollywood.

- ...cycling's all-time greats.

N-PLURAL: with supp

8. great greats
The greats of popular modern music are records that have been successful and that continue to be popular. (JOURNALISM)

- ...a medley of rock'n'roll greats.

N-PLURAL

9. great
If you describe someone or something as great , you approve of them or admire them. (INFORMAL)

- Arturo has this great place in Cazadero.

- They're a great bunch of guys.

- I think she's great.

ADJ approval

10. great
If you feel great , you feel very healthy, energetic, and enthusiastic.

- I feel just great.

ADJ: feel ADJ

11. great greater greatest
You use great in order to emphasize the size or degree of a characteristic or quality.

- ...a great big Italian wedding.

- ...her sense of colour and great eye for detail.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis

12. great
You say great in order to emphasize that you are pleased or enthusiastic about something.

- Oh great! That'll be good for Fergus.

EXCLAM feelings

13. great
You say great in order to emphasize that you are angry or annoyed about something.

- `Oh great,' I thought. `Just what I need.'

EXCLAM emphasis

14. great
Great is used as part of the name of a species of plant or animal when there is another species of the same plant or animal which is smaller and has different characteristics.

- ...the great bustard.

N-IN-NAMES
See also greater .

greater **

1. Greater is the comparative of great .

2. greater
Greater is used with the name of a large city to refer to the city together with the surrounding urban and suburban area.

- ...Greater London.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. greater
Greater is used with the name of a country to refer to a larger area which includes that country and other land which used to belong to it, or which some people believe should belong to it.

- ...greater Syria.

ADJ: ADJ n

great

adjective

1.

large

big

enormous

gigantic

huge

immense

prodigious

vast

voluminous

2.

important

critical

crucial

momentous

serious

significant

3.

famous

eminent

illustrious

noteworthy

outstanding

prominent

remarkable

renowned

4.

excellent

fantastic informal

fine

marvellous informal

superb

terrific informal

tremendous informal

wonderful

greatness

noun

1.

immensity

enormity

hugeness

magnitude

prodigiousness

size

vastness

2.

importance

gravity

momentousness

seriousness

significance

urgency

weight

3.

fame

celebrity

distinction

eminence

glory

grandeur

illustriousness

note

renown

great-

great-
Great- is used before some nouns that refer to relatives. Nouns formed in this way refer to a relative who is a further generation away from you. For example, your great-aunt is the aunt of one of your parents.

- ...Davis's great-grandmother.

PREFIX

Great Britain **

Great Britain
Great Britain is the island consisting of England, Scotland, and Wales, which together with Northern Ireland makes up the United Kingdom.
N-PROPER
= GB

greatcoat

[D.J.:ˈɡreitkəut]

[K.K.:ˈɡretˌkot]

n.

(厚质的)外套,大衣

greatcoat

greatcoat greatcoats
A greatcoat is a long thick coat that is worn especially as part of a uniform.

- ...an army greatcoat.

N-COUNT also great coat .

greatly

[D.J.:ˈgreitli]

adv.

大大地, 非常

greatly **

greatly
You use greatly to emphasize the degree or extent of something. (FORMAL)

- People would benefit greatly from a pollution-free vehicle.

- We were greatly honoured that Sheik Hasina took the trouble to visit us.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj emphasis

greatly

adverb Informal

very much

considerably

enormously

exceedingly

hugely

immensely

remarkably

tremendously

vastly

grebe

[D.J.:ɡri:b]

[K.K.:ɡrib]

n.

鸊鷉(一种鸟)

grebe

grebe grebes
A grebe is a type of water bird.
N-COUNT

Grecian

[D.J.:ˈɡri:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˈɡriʃən]

adj.

希腊的,希腊式的

n.

希腊学家

Grecian

Grecian
Grecian is used to describe something which is in the style of things from ancient Greece.

- ...elegant Grecian columns.

- ...a vaguely Grecian gown of flowing blue.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= Greek

greed

[D.J.:ɡri:d]

[K.K.:ɡrid]

n.

贪心, 贪婪

greed *

greed
Greed is the desire to have more of something, such as food or money, than is necessary or fair.

- ...an insatiable greed for personal power...

- I get fed up with other people's greed.

N-UNCOUNT
= avarice

greed greediness

noun

1.

gluttony

edacity

esurience

gormandizing

hunger

voracity

2.

avarice

acquisitiveness

avidity

covetousness

craving

desire

longing

selfishness

greedily

[D.J.:ˈ gri:dɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡridɪlɪ]

adv.

贪心地;贪婪地

贪吃地

greedy

[D.J.:ˈɡri:di]

[K.K.:ˈɡridi]

adj.

贪吃的, 贪心的, 贪婪的, 渴望的

greedy *

1. greedy greedier greediest
If you describe someone as greedy , you mean that they want to have more of something such as food or money than is necessary or fair.

- He attacked greedy bosses for awarding themselves big rises.

- She is greedy and selfish.

ADJ-GRADED

2. greedily

- Livy ate the pasties greedily and with huge enjoyment.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

greedy

adjective

1.

gluttonous

gormandizing

hungry

insatiable

piggish

ravenous

voracious

2.

grasping

acquisitive

avaricious

avid

covetous

craving

desirous

rapacious

selfish

Greek

[D.J.:gri:k]

[K.K.:ɡrik]

n.

希腊人;希腊语

it’s all Greek to me

对我来说太难懂了；像天书一样

adj.

希腊的;希腊人的;希腊语的

Greek ***

1. Greek
Greek means belonging or relating to Greece.

- In the Greek general election, the New Democracy party has claimed victory.

- ...the Greek army.

ADJ

2. Greek Greeks
A Greek is a person who comes from Greece.

- He had looked through the house for the two Greeks.

N-COUNT

3. Greek
Greek is the language used in Greece.

- I had to learn Greek.

N-UNCOUNT

4. Greek
Greek or Ancient Greek was the language used in Greece in ancient times.

- Teachers warn today that Latin, Greek and other classics will be squeezed out of school timetables.

N-UNCOUNT

green

[D.J.:ɡri:n]

[K.K.:ɡrin]

adj.

绿色的, 青色的

未熟的, 生的

未干的, 潮湿的

未成熟的, 无经验的

面色苍白的, 带病容的

主张保护环境的

n.

绿色

绿色的衣服

绿色蔬菜

植物, 绿叶

草地, 绿地

greener

[ˈɡri:nə]

n.

生手

greenness

[ˈɡri:nnis]

n.

绿色,未熟,新鲜

green *****

1. green greens greener greenest
Green is the colour of grass or leaves.

- ...shiny red and green apples...

- Yellow and green together make a pale green.

COLOUR

2. green greener greenest
A place that is green is covered with grass, plants, and trees and not with houses or factories.

- Cairo has only thirteen square centimetres of green space for each inhabitant.

ADJ-GRADED

3. greenness

- ...the lush greenness of the river valleys.

N-UNCOUNT

4. green
Green issues and political movements relate to or are concerned with the protection of the environment.

- The power of the Green movement in Germany has made that country a leader in the drive to recycle more waste materials.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. green greener greenest
If you say that someone or something is green , you mean they harm the environment as little as possible.

- ...trying to persuade governments to adopt greener policies...

- Our children are being educated to be green in everything they do.

ADJ-GRADED

6. greenness

- A Swiss company offers to help environmental investors by sending teams round factories to ascertain their greenness.

N-UNCOUNT

7. green greens
Greens are members of green political movements.

- The Greens see themselves as a radical alternative to the two major British political parties.

N-COUNT: usu pl

8. green greens
A green is a smooth, flat area of grass around a hole on a golf course.

- ...the 18th green.

N-COUNT

9. green greens
A green is an area of land covered with grass, especially in a town or in the middle of a village.

- ...the village green.

N-COUNT

10. green
Green is used in the names of places that contain or used to contain an area of grass.

- ...Bethnal Green.

N-IN-NAMES: n N

11. green greens
You can refer to the cooked leaves of vegetables such as spinach or cabbage as greens .

- Eat your greens.

N-PLURAL

12. green greener greenest
You can describe fruit and vegetables as green when they are unripe and not ready to be eaten.

- Pick and ripen any green fruits in a warm dark place.

ADJ-GRADED

13. green greener greenest
If you say that someone is green , you mean that they have had very little experience of life or a particular job.

- He was a young lad, very green, very immature.

ADJ-GRADED

14. green
If you say that someone is green with envy , you mean that they are very envious indeed.
PHR: v-link PHR

15. green
If someone has green fingers , they are very good at gardening and their plants grow well. (BRIT; in AM use a green thumb )

- You don't need green fingers to fill your home with lush leaves.

PHR

green

adjective

1.

leafy

grassy

verdant

2.

ecological

conservationist

environment-friendly

non-polluting

ozone-friendly

3.

immature

gullible

inexperienced

naive

new

raw

untrained

wet behind the ears informal

4.

jealous

covetous

envious

grudging

resentful

noun

5.

lawn

common

sward

turf

greenback

[D.J.:ˈgri:nˌbæk]

[K.K.:ˈɡrinˌbæk]

n.

<美,非正>美钞

greenback

greenback greenbacks
A greenback is a banknote such as a dollar bill. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

green bean

green bean green beans
Green beans are long narrow beans that are eaten as a vegetable.
N-COUNT: usu pl

green belt

green belt green belts
A green belt is an area of land with fields or parks around a town or city, where people are not allowed to build houses or factories by law.
N-COUNT

Green Beret

Green Beret Green Berets
A Green Beret is a British or American commando . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

green card

green card green cards
A green card is a document showing that someone who is not a citizen of the United States has permission to live and work there.

- Nicollette married Harry so she could get a green card.

N-COUNT

greenery

[D.J.:ˈɡri:nəri]

[K.K.:ˈɡrinəri]

n.

温室,草木

greenery *

greenery
Plants that make a place look attractive are referred to as greenery .

- They have ordered a bit of greenery to brighten up the new wing at Guy's Hospital.

N-UNCOUNT

greenfield

greenfield
Greenfield is used to refer to land that has not been built on before.

- The Government has ruled out the building of a new airport on a greenfield site.

ADJ: ADJ n

greenfly

[D.J.:ˈɡri:nflai]

[K.K.:ˈɡrinˌflaɪ]

n.

青梅子,青李子(蚜虫的一种)

greenfly

greenfly
Greenfly are small green winged insects that damage plants.
N-COUNT The plural can be either greenfly or greenflies

greengage

[D.J.:ˈɡri:nˈɡeidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈɡrinˌɡedʒ]

n.

青梅

greengage

greengage greengages
A greengage is a greenish-yellow plum with a sweet taste.
N-COUNT

greengrocer

[D.J.:ˈɡri:nɡrəusə]

[K.K.:ˈɡrinˌɡrosɚ]

n.

蔬菜水果商,菜贩

greengrocer

1. greengrocer greengrocers
A greengrocer is a shopkeeper who sells fruit and vegetables. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. greengrocer greengrocers
A greengrocer or a greengrocer's is a shop where fruit and vegetables are sold. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT: oft the N

greenhouse

[D.J.:ˈɡri:nhaus]

[K.K.:ˈɡrinˌhaʊs]

n.

温室, 花房

greenhouse **

1. greenhouse greenhouses
A greenhouse is a glass building in which you grow plants that need to be protected from bad weather.
N-COUNT

2. greenhouse
Greenhouse means relating to or causing the greenhouse effect.

- ...the consequences of the buildup of greenhouse gases.

ADJ: ADJ n

greenhouse effect *

greenhouse effect
The greenhouse effect is the problem caused by increased quantities of gases such as carbon dioxide in the air. These gases trap the heat from the sun, and cause a gradual rise in the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere.
N-SING: the N

greenhouse gas *

greenhouse gas greenhouse gases
Greenhouse gases are the gases which are responsible for causing the greenhouse effect. The main greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide.
N-VAR

greening

[D.J.:ˈɡri:niŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡrinɪŋ]

n.

绿皮苹果

greening

greening
The greening of a person or organization means that the person or organization is becoming more aware of environmental issues. (JOURNALISM)

- But the country has been slow to react to the `greening' of the rest of Europe.

N-SING: also no det, oft N of n

greenish

[D.J.:ˈgri:nɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈɡrinɪʃ]

adj.

呈绿色的;微绿的

greenish

1. greenish
Greenish means slightly green in colour.

- ...his cold greenish eyes.

ADJ

2. greenish
Also a combining form.

- ...greenish-yellow flowers.

COMB in COLOUR

green onion

green onion green onions
Green onions are small onions with long green leaves. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use spring onions )
N-COUNT
= scallion

Green Paper

Green Paper Green Papers
In Britain, a Green Paper is a document containing ideas about a particular subject that is published by the Government so that people can discuss them before any decisions are made.
N-COUNT

Green Party *

Green Party
The Green Party is a political party that is particularly concerned about protecting the environment.
N-PROPER: the N

green pepper

green pepper green peppers
A green pepper is an unripe pepper that is used in cooking or eaten raw in salads.
N-COUNT

green revolution

green revolution
The green revolution is the increase in agricultural production that has been made possible by the use of new types of crops and new farming methods, especially in developing countries.
N-SING: usu the N also Green Revolution .

greenroom

[D.J.:ˈɡri:nru:m]

[K.K.:ˈɡrinˌrum, -ˌrʊm]

n.

演员休息室

greenroom

greenroom greenrooms
A greenroom is a room in a theatre or television studio where performers can rest.
N-COUNT also green room .

green salad

green salad green salads
A green salad is a salad made mainly with lettuce and other green vegetables.
N-VAR

greeny

[ˈɡri:ni]

adj.

呈绿色的

greeny

1. greeny
Greeny means slightly green in colour.

- ...greeny sea water.

ADJ

2. greeny
Also a combining form.

- ...a lightweight, greeny-grey wool suit.

COMB in COLOUR

greet

[D.J.:ɡri:t]

[K.K.:ɡrit]

vt.

欢迎, 迎接, 致意, 问候

greeting

[D.J.:ˈɡri:tiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡritɪŋ]

n.

招呼, 问候

祝贺, 祝词

greet **

1. greet greets greeting greeted
When you greet someone, you say `Hello' or shake hands with them.

- She liked to be home to greet Steve when he came in from school.

VB

2. greet greets greeting greeted
If something is greeted in a particular way, people react to it in that way.

- The European Court's decision has been greeted with dismay by fishermen.

- It is unlikely that this suggestion will be greeted enthusiastically in the Baltic States.

VB: usu passive

3. greet greets greeting greeted
If you are greeted by something, it is the first thing you notice in a particular place. (WRITTEN)

- I was greeted by a shocking sight.

- The savoury smell greeted them as they went through the door.

VB

greeting *

1. greeting greetings
A greeting is something friendly that you say or do when you meet someone.

- His greeting was familiar and friendly.

- They exchanged greetings.

- He raised a hand in greeting.

N-VAR

2. greeting
` Greetings ' is an old-fashioned greeting.
CONVENTION

greet

verb

welcome

accost

address

compliment

hail

meet

receive

salute

greeting

noun

welcome

address

reception

salutation

salute

greetings card

greetings card greetings cards
A greetings card is a folded card with a picture on the front and greetings inside that you give or send to someone, for example on their birthday.
N-COUNT (AM) greeting card

gregarious

[D.J.:grɪˈgeəri:əs]

[K.K.:ɡrɪˈɡɛriəs]

adj.

爱交际的,合群的

gregarious

1. gregarious
Someone who is gregarious enjoys being with other people.

- She is such a gregarious and outgoing person.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ shy

2. gregarious
Gregarious animals or birds normally live in large groups.

- Snow geese are very gregarious birds.

ADJ-GRADED

gregarious

adjective

outgoing

affable

companionable

convivial

cordial

friendly

sociable

social

gremlin

[D.J.:ˈɡremlin]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɛmlɪn]

n.

小鬼

gremlin

gremlin gremlins
A gremlin is a tiny imaginary evil spirit that people say is the cause of a problem, especially in a machine, which they cannot explain properly or locate.

- The microphones went dead as if the technical gremlins had struck again.

N-COUNT

grenade

[D.J.:grəˈneɪd]

[K.K.:ɡrəˈned]

n.

<军>手榴弹

grenade *

grenade grenades
A grenade or a hand grenade is a small bomb that can be thrown by hand.

- A hand grenade was thrown at an army patrol.

N-COUNT

grew

[D.J.:ɡru:]

[K.K.:ɡru]

grow的过去式

grow

[D.J.:ɡrəu]

[K.K.:ɡro]

vt.

种植

vi.

生长, 发育

vi. & link v.

渐渐变得

growing

[D.J.:ˈgrəʊɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡroɪŋ]

adj.

生长的，成长中的

增长的，不断增加的

growing pains

初期的困难(或问题等)

grown

[D.J.:grəʊn]

[K.K.:ɡron]

adj.

长大的;成年的,成熟的

grown-up

n.

成年人

grown-up

[D.J.:ˈgrəʊnʌp]

[K.K.: ˈɡronˌʌp]

adj.

成熟的;成人的

适合于成人的;似成人的;理智的

n.

成年人

grew

Grew is the past tense of grow .

grow *****

1. grow grows growing grew grown
When people, animals, and plants grow , they increase in size and change physically over a period of time.

- We stop growing at maturity.

VB

2. grow grows growing grew grown
If a plant or tree grows in a particular place, it is alive there.

- The station had roses growing at each end of the platform.

VB

3. grow grows growing grew grown
If you grow a particular type of plant, you put seeds or young plants in the ground and look after them as they develop.

- I always grow a few red onions.

- Lettuce was grown by the Ancient Romans.

VB

4. grow grows growing grew grown
When someone's hair grows , it gradually becomes longer. Your nails also grow .

- Then the hair began to grow again and I felt terrific.

VB

5. grow grows growing grew grown
If someone grows their hair, or grows a beard or moustache, they stop cutting their hair or shaving so that their hair becomes longer. You can also grow your nails.

- I'd better start growing my hair.

VB

6. grow grows growing grew grown
If someone grows mentally, they change and develop in character or attitude.

- They began to grow as persons.

VB

7. grow grows growing grew grown
You use grow to say that someone or something gradually changes until they have a new quality, feeling, or attitude.

- I grew a little afraid of the guy next door.

- He's growing old.

- He grew to love his work.

V-LINK

8. grow grows growing grew grown
If an amount, feeling, or problem grows , it becomes greater or more intense.

- The number of unemployed people in Poland has grown by more than a quarter in the last month.

- Opposition grew and the government agreed to negotiate.

- ...a growing number of immigrants.

VB

9. grow grows growing grew grown
If one thing grows into another, it develops or changes until it becomes that thing.

- The boys grew into men.

- This political row threatens to grow into a full blown crisis.

VB

10. grow grows growing grew grown
If something such as an idea or a plan grows out of something else, it develops from it.

- The idea for this book grew out of conversations with Philippa Brewster.

VB

11. grow grows growing grew grown
If the economy or a business grows , it increases in wealth, size, or importance.

- The economy continues to grow.

- ...a fast growing business.

VB

12. grow grows growing grew grown
If a crystal grows , or if a scientist grows it, it forms from a solution.

- ...crystals that grow in cavities in the rock...

- We tried to grow some copper sulphate crystals with our children.

V-ERG

grown *

grown
A grown man or woman is one who is fully developed and mature, both physically and mentally.

- Few women can understand a grown man's love of sport.

- Dad, I'm a grown woman. I know what I'm doing.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also full-grown .

grow

verb

1.

increase

develop

enlarge

expand

get bigger

multiply

spread

stretch

swell

2.

originate

arise

issue

spring

stem

3.

improve

advance

flourish

progress

prosper

succeed

thrive

4.

become

come to be

get

turn

5.

cultivate

breed

farm

nurture

produce

propagate

raise

grey

[D.J.:ɡrei]

[K.K.:ɡre]

n.

灰色

灰色衣服

adj.

灰色的, 灰白的

灰发的

灰暗的, 阴沉的

郁闷的, 单调乏味的

无生气的, 不突出的, 无名的

白人的

greyness

(钢板酸洗缺陷)灰斑

grey ****

1. grey greyer greyest
Grey is the colour of ashes or of clouds on a rainy day.

- ...a grey suit.

COLOUR (AM) gray

2. grey greyer greyest
You use grey to describe the colour of people's hair when it changes from its original colour, usually as they get old.

- ...my grey hair...

- Eddie was going grey.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) gray

3. grey greyer greyest
If the weather is grey , there are many clouds in the sky and the light is dull.

- It was a grey, wet April Sunday.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) gray

4. greyness

- ...winter's greyness.

N-UNCOUNT

5. grey greyer greyest
If you describe a situation as grey , you mean that it is dull, unpleasant, or difficult.

- Brazilians look gloomily forward to a New Year that even the president admits will be grey and cheerless.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) gray
= bleak

6. greyness

- In this new world of greyness there is an attempt to remove all risks.

N-UNCOUNT

7. grey greyer greyest
If you describe someone or something as grey , you think that they are boring and unattractive, and very similar to other things or other people.

- ...little grey men in suits.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) gray disapproval

8. greyness

- Journalists are frustrated by his apparent greyness.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

9. grey
Journalists sometimes use grey to describe things concerning old people.

- There was further evidence of grey consumer power last week, when Ford revealed a car designed with elderly people in mind.

ADJ (AM) gray

grey

adjective

1.

pale

ashen

pallid

wan

2.

dismal

dark

depressing

dim

drab

dreary

dull

gloomy

3.

characterless

anonymous

colourless

dull

grey area

grey area grey areas
If you refer to something as a grey area , you mean that it is unclear, for example because nobody is sure how to deal with it or who is responsible for it, or it falls between two separate categories of things.

- At the moment, the law on compensation is very much a grey area.

- ...jobs in that gray area between blue-collar laborers and white-collar professionals, jobs such as teachers and computer programmers.

N-COUNT (AM) gray area

greyhound

[D.J.:ˈɡreihaund]

[K.K.:ˈɡreˌhaʊnd]

n.

灰狗,快速船

greyhound *

greyhound greyhounds
A greyhound is a dog with a thin body and long thin legs, which can run very fast. Greyhounds sometimes run in races and people bet on them.
N-COUNT

greying

石墨化

greying

greying
If someone has greying hair, there is a lot of grey hair mixed with the person's natural colour.

- ...a stern woman with greying hair...

- He was a smallish, greying man, with a wrinkly face.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) graying

greyish

[ˈɡreiiʃ]

adj.

带灰的,略灰的

greyish

1. greyish
Greyish means slightly grey in colour.

- The building was of greyish plaster and looked old.

ADJ (AM) grayish

2. greyish
Also a combining form.

- ...greyish-green leaves.

COMB in COLOUR (AM) grayish

grey market

1. grey market
Grey market goods are bought unofficially and then sold to customers at lower prices than usual. (TECHNICAL)

- Grey-market perfumes and toiletries are now commonly sold by mail.

N-SING: oft N n, the N (AM) gray market

2. grey market
Grey market shares are sold to investors before they have been officially issued. (TECHNICAL)

- At one point last week shares in the grey market touched 230p.

N-SING: oft N n, the N (AM) gray market

grey matter

grey matter
You can refer to your intelligence or your brains as grey matter . (INFORMAL)

- ...an unsolved mathematical equation which has caused his grey matter to work overtime.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) gray matter

grid

[D.J.:grɪd]

[K.K.:ɡrɪd]

n.

格子,格栏

地图上的坐标方格

输电网

grid *

1. grid grids
A grid is something which is in a pattern of straight lines that cross over each other, forming squares. On maps the grid is used to help you find a particular thing or place.

- ...a grid of ironwork.

- ...a grid of narrow streets...

- Many canals were built along map grid lines.

N-COUNT
See also cattle grid .

2. grid grids
A grid is a network of wires and cables by which sources of power, such as electricity, are distributed throughout a country or area.

- ...breakdowns in communications and electric power grids.

N-COUNT

3. grid grids
The grid or the starting grid is the starting line on a car-racing track.

- The Ferrari of Alain Prost will be second on the grid.

N-COUNT

griddle

[D.J.:ˈɡridl]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɪdl]

n.

煎饼用浅锅,矿筛

vt.

筛,烘

griddle

griddle griddles
A griddle is a round, flat, heavy piece of metal which is placed on a cooker or fire and used for cooking.
N-COUNT

gridiron

[D.J.:ˈgrɪdˌaɪən]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɪdˌaɪən]

n.

(炙烤食物用的)烤架

美式橄榄球球场

gridiron

gridiron
American football is sometimes referred to as gridiron . (AM)

- ...the greatest quarterback in gridiron history.

N-UNCOUNT

gridlock

[D.J.:ˈɡridlɔk]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɪdˌlɑk]

Ⅰn.

①交通全面大堵塞②拥塞停滞

Ⅱvt.

(交通等)堵塞

gridlock *

1. gridlock
Gridlock is the situation that exists when all the roads in a particular place are so full of vehicles that none of them can move.

- The streets are wedged solid with the chaos of poorly regulated parking and near-constant traffic gridlock.

N-UNCOUNT

2. gridlock
You can use gridlock to refer to a situation in an argument or dispute when neither side is prepared to give in, so no agreement can be reached.

- He agreed that these policies will lead to gridlock in the future.

N-UNCOUNT
= deadlock

gridlock

noun

standstill

deadlock

impasse

stalemate

grief

[D.J.:ɡri:f]

[K.K.:ɡrif]

n.

悲伤, 悲痛

悲伤的事, 悲痛的缘由

grief **

1. grief griefs
Grief is a feeling of extreme sadness.

- ...a huge outpouring of national grief for the victims of the shootings...

- Their grief soon gave way to anger.

N-VAR

2. grief
If something comes to grief , it fails. If someone comes to grief , they fail in something they are doing, and may be hurt.

- So many marriages have come to grief over lack of money.

- He was driving a Mercedes racer at 100 mph and almost came to grief.

PHR: V inflects

3. grief
Some people say ` Good grief ' when they are surprised or shocked.

- `He's been arrested for theft and burglary.' --- `Good grief!'

EXCLAM feelings

grief

noun

sadness

anguish

distress

heartache

misery

regret

remorse

sorrow

suffering

woe

grief-stricken

[ˈɡri:fˌstrikən]

adj.

极度忧伤的

grief-stricken

grief-stricken
If someone is grief-stricken, they are extremely sad about something that has happened. (FORMAL)

- ...the grief-stricken family...

- The Queen was grief-stricken over his death.

ADJ-GRADED

grievance

[D.J.:ˈgri:vəns]

[K.K.:ˈɡrivəns]

n.

委屈, 苦衷, 不满, 怨恨

grievance *

grievance grievances
If you have a grievance about something that has happened or been done, you believe that it was unfair.

- They had a legitimate grievance.

- The main grievance of the drivers is the imposition of higher fees for driving licences and certificates of proficiency.

- ...a deep sense of grievance.

N-VAR: usu with supp

grievance

noun

complaint

axe to grind

gripe informal

injury

injustice

grieve

[D.J.:ɡri:v]

[K.K.:ɡriv]

vi.

感到悲痛, 伤心

vt.

使…伤心

grieved

伤心的

grieve *

1. grieve grieves grieving grieved
If you grieve over something, especially someone's death, you feel very sad about it.

- He's grieving over his dead wife and son.

- I didn't have any time to grieve.

- Margery's grieving family battled to come to terms with their loss.

VB

2. grieve grieves grieving grieved
If you are grieved by something, it makes you unhappy or upset.

- He was deeply grieved by the sufferings of the common people.

- I was grieved to hear of the suicide of James.

- It grieved me to see the poor man in such distress.

VB

grieve

verb

1.

mourn

complain

deplore

lament

regret

rue

suffer

weep

2.

sadden

afflict

distress

hurt

injure

pain

wound

grievous

[D.J.:ˈgri:vəs]

[K.K.:ˈɡrivəs]

adj.

令人伤心或痛苦的

(指坏事)剧烈的,严重的

grievously

adv.

严重地

grievously

[D.J.:ˈ gri:vəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡrivəslɪ]

adv.

极其痛苦地

令人悲伤地

grievous *

1. grievous
If you describe something such as a loss as grievous , you mean that it is extremely serious or worrying in its effects.

- Their loss would be a grievous blow to our engineering industries.

- Mr Morris said the victims had suffered from a very grievous mistake.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. grievously

- Birds, sea-life and the coastline all suffered grievously.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. grievous
A grievous injury to your body is one that causes you great pain and suffering.

- He survived in spite of suffering grievous injuries.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. grievously

- Nelson Piquet, three times world champion, was grievously injured.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

grievous

adjective

1.

painful

dreadful

grave

harmful

severe

2.

deplorable

atrocious

dreadful

monstrous

offensive

outrageous

shameful

shocking

grievous bodily harm

grievous bodily harm
If someone is accused of grievous bodily harm , they are accused of causing very serious physical injury to someone. The abbreviation GBH is often used. (LEGAL)

- They were both found guilty of causing grievous bodily harm.

N-UNCOUNT

griffin

[D.J.:ˈɡrifin]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɪfən]

n.

〈希神〉狮身鹫首的怪兽

griffin

griffin griffins
In mythology, a griffin is a winged creature with the body of a lion and the head of an eagle.
N-COUNT also griffon .

grill

[D.J.:ɡril]

[K.K.:ɡrɪl]

vt. & vi.

烧烤

vt.

拷问, 盘问

n.

烤架

烧烤餐馆

(一盘)烤肉

格板, 格栅

grilled

[ɡrild]

adj.

烤的,有格子的,炙过的

grilling

格栅

grill **

1. grill grills
A grill is a part of a stove which produces strong heat to cook food that has been placed underneath it. (BRIT; in AM use broiler )

- Place the omelette under a gentle grill until the top is set.

N-COUNT

2. grill grills
A grill is a flat frame of metal bars on which food can be cooked over a fire.
N-COUNT

3. grill grills grilling grilled
When you grill food, or when it grills , you cook it using very strong heat directly above or below it. (BRIT; in AM use broil )

- Grill the meat for 20 minutes each side.

- Apart from peppers and aubergines, many other vegetables grill well.

- ...grilled chicken.

V-ERG

4. grilling

- The breast can be cut into portions for grilling.

N-UNCOUNT

5. grill grills grilling grilled
If you grill someone about something, you ask them a lot of questions for a long period of time. (INFORMAL)

- Grill your travel agent about the facilities for families with children.

- The police grilled him for hours.

VB
= interrogate

6. grilling grillings

- They gave him a grilling about the implications of a united Europe.

N-COUNT

7. grill grills
A grill is a restaurant that serves grilled food.
N-COUNT

grille

[D.J.:grɪl]

[K.K.:ɡrɪl]

n.

格子,格栅

(汽车散热器的)护栅

grille

grille grilles
A grille is a framework of metal bars or wire which is placed in front of a window or a piece of machinery, in order to protect it or to protect people.
N-COUNT also grill .

grim

[D.J.:ɡrim]

[K.K.:ɡrɪm]

adj.

严酷的, 无情的

讨厌的, 糟糕的

严厉的

grimly

[D.J.:ˈ grɪmlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɪmlɪ]

adv.

可怕地,可怖地;冷酷地

坚强地；不屈地；坚决地

严肃地;严厉地

讨厌地,可憎地

grimness

n.

严格,严峻,冷酷

grim **

1. grim grimmer grimmest
A situation or piece of information that is grim is unpleasant, depressing, and difficult to accept.

- They painted a grim picture of growing crime.

- There was further grim economic news yesterday.

- The mood could not have been grimmer.

ADJ-GRADED

2. grimness

- ...an unrelenting grimness of tone.

N-UNCOUNT

3. grim grimmer grimmest
A place that is grim is unattractive and depressing in appearance.

- The city might be grim at first, but there is a vibrancy and excitement.

- ...the tower blocks on the city's grim edges.

ADJ-GRADED

4. grim grimmer grimmest
If a person or their behaviour is grim , they are very serious, usually because they are worried about something. (WRITTEN)

- She was a stout, grim woman with a turned-down mouth.

- Her expression was grim and unpleasant.

ADJ-GRADED

5. grimly

- `It's too late now to stop him,' Harris said grimly.

ADV-GRADED

6. grim
If you say that something is grim , you think that it is very bad, ugly, or depressing. (INFORMAL)

- Things were pretty grim for a time.

ADJ-GRADED

grim

adjective

forbidding

formidable

harsh

merciless

ruthless

severe

sinister

stern

terrible

grimace

[D.J.:ˈgrɪmɪs, grɪˈmeɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɪmɪs, ɡrɪˈmes]

n.

(表蔑视、厌恶等)面部扭曲, 鬼脸

vi.

扮鬼相, 做鬼脸

grimace *

1. grimace grimaces grimacing grimaced
If you grimace , you twist your face in an ugly way because you are annoyed, disgusted, or in pain.

- She started to sit up, grimaced, and sank back weakly against the pillow.

- She grimaced at Cerezzi, then turned to Brenda.

VB
= pull a face

2. grimace grimaces
Also a noun.

- He took another drink of his coffee. `Awful,' he said with a grimace.

N-COUNT

grimace

noun

1.

scowl

face

frown

sneer

verb

2.

scowl

frown

lour or lower

make a face or faces

sneer

grime

[D.J.:graɪm]

[K.K.:ɡraɪm]

n.

污垢

grime

grime
Grime is dirt which has collected on the surface of something.

- Kelly got the grime off his hands before rejoining her in the kitchen.

N-UNCOUNT

grime

noun

dirt

filth

grot slang

smut

soot

Grim Reaper

Grim Reaper
The Grim Reaper is an imaginary character who represents death. He looks like a skeleton, wears a long, black cloak with a hood, and carries a scythe.
N-SING: the N

grimy

[D.J.:ˈgraɪmi:]

[K.K.:ˈɡraɪmi]

adj.

沾满污垢的;满是灰尘的;肮脏的

grimy

grimy grimier grimiest
Something that is grimy is very dirty.

- ...a grimy industrial city.

ADJ-GRADED

grimy

adjective

dirty

filthy

foul

grubby

soiled

sooty

unclean

grin

[D.J.:ɡrin]

[K.K.:ɡrɪn]

n.

咧嘴笑

vi.

露齿而笑

vt.

露齿笑着表示

grin **

1. grin grins grinning grinned
When you grin , you smile broadly.

- He grins, delighted at the memory.

- Sarah tried several times to catch Philip's eye, but he just grinned at her.

- ...a statue of a grinning old man cutting the throat of a deer.

VB

2. grin grins
A grin is a broad smile.

- ...a big grin on her face...

- Bobby looked at her with a sheepish grin.

N-COUNT: oft adj N
to wipe the grin off someone's face : see wipe .

3. grin
If you grin and bear it , you accept a difficult or unpleasant situation without complaining because you know there is nothing you can do to make things better.

- They cannot stand the sight of each other, but they will just have to grin and bear it.

PHR: Vs inflect

grind

[D.J.:ɡraind]

[K.K.:ɡraɪnd]

vt. & vi.

磨碎; 嚼碎

vt.

旋转开动

压迫; 折磨

n.

磨, 碾

苦差事, 苦活儿

grinding

[ˈɡraindiŋ]

adj.

磨的,磨擦的,碾的

grindingly

adv.

虐待地,苛刻地

ground

[D.J.:ɡraund]

[K.K.:ɡraʊnd]

n.

地面

地域, 水域

场地

建筑物四周的土地或花园; 庭园

泥土, 土地

理由

vt. & vi.

搁浅; 停飞

vt.

将…放在地上

grounded

[ˈɡraundid]

adj.

接(好)地的

grounding

[D.J.:ˈgraʊndɪŋ]

n.

对某学科基本要素的传授;基础

grind **

1. grind grinds grinding ground
If you grind a substance such as corn, you crush it between two hard surfaces or with a machine until it becomes a fine powder.

- Store the peppercorns in an airtight container and grind the pepper as you need it.

- ...the odor of fresh ground coffee.

VB

2. grind up grinds up; grinding up; ground up
Grind up means the same as grind .

- He makes his own paint, grinding up the pigment with a little oil.

PHR-V

3. grind grinds grinding ground
If you grind your teeth , you rub your upper and lower teeth together as though you are chewing something.

- `Well,' I said, grinding my cigarette nervously into the granite step.

- If you know you're grinding your teeth, particularly at night, see your dentist.

PHR: V inflects

4. grind grinds grinding ground
If you grind something, you make it smooth or sharp by rubbing it against a hard surface.

- It was beyond my ability to grind a blade this broad.

- The tip can be ground to a much sharper edge to cut smoother and faster.

VB

5. grind grinds grinding ground
If a vehicle grinds somewhere, it moves there very slowly and noisily.

- Tanks had crossed the border at five fifteen and were grinding south.

VB

6. grind
The grind of a machine is the harsh, scraping noise that it makes, usually because it is old or is working too hard.

- The grind of heavy machines could get on their nerves.

N-SING: oft N of n

7. grind
If you refer to routine tasks or activities as the grind , you mean they are boring and take up a lot of time and effort. (INFORMAL)

- The daily grind of government is done by Her Majesty's Civil Service.

- Life continues to be a terrible grind for the ordinary person.

N-SING: oft adj N disapproval

8. grind
If a country's economy or something such as a process grinds to a halt , it gradually becomes slower or less active until it stops.

- The peace process has ground to a halt while Israel struggles to form a new government.

PHR: V inflects

9. grind
If a vehicle grinds to a halt , it stops slowly and noisily.

- The tanks ground to a halt after a hundred yards because the fuel had been siphoned out.

PHR: V inflects

grinding

1. grinding
If you describe a bad situation as grinding , you mean it never gets better, changes, or ends.

- Their grandfather had left his village in order to escape the grinding poverty.

- ...the grinding difficulty of getting to the stadium.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. grindingly

- Nursing was ill-paid and grindingly hard work.

ADV: ADV adj

3. grinding
If you say that something comes to a grinding halt , you are emphasizing that it stops very suddenly, especially before it was meant to.

- A car will come to a grinding halt if you put water in the petrol tank.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

ground *****

1. ground
Something that is below ground is under the earth's surface or under a building. Something that is above ground is on top of the earth's surface.

- Forty or fifty women were sitting cross-legged on the ground.

- We slid down the roof and dropped to the ground.

- People were making for the air-raid shelters below ground.

PHR

2. ground
If you say that something takes place on the ground , you mean it takes place on the surface of the earth and not in the air.

- Coordinating airline traffic on the ground is as complicated as managing the traffic in the air.

N-SING: oft N n

3. ground
The ground is the soil and rock on the earth's surface.

- The ground had eroded.

- ...the marshy ground of the river delta.

N-SING: usu the N

4. ground
You can refer to land as ground , especially when it has very few buildings or when it is considered to be special in some way.

- ...a stretch of waste ground...

- This memorial stands on sacred ground.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

5. ground grounds
You can use ground to refer to an area of land, sea, or air which is used for a particular activity.

- ...Indian hunting grounds...

- The best fishing grounds are around the islands.

N-COUNT: supp N

6. ground grounds
A ground is an area of land which is specially designed and made for playing sport or for some other activity. In American English grounds is also used.

- ...the city's football ground.

- ...a parade ground.

N-COUNT: supp N

7. ground grounds
The grounds of a large or important building are the garden or area of land which surrounds it.

- ...the palace grounds.

- ...the grounds of the University.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp, oft N of n, n N

8. ground grounds
You can use ground to refer to a place or situation in which particular methods or ideas can develop and be successful.

- The company has maintained its reputation as the developing ground for new techniques.

- Colonialism is especially fertile ground for nationalist ideas.

N-VAR: with supp, oft N for n

9. ground
You can use ground in expressions such as on shaky ground and the same ground to refer to a particular subject, area of experience, or basis for an argument.

- Sensing she was on shaky ground, Marie changed the subject.

- The French are on solid ground when they argue that competitiveness is no reason for devaluation.

- It's often necessary to go over the same ground more than once.

N-UNCOUNT: supp N, oft on adj N

10. ground
Ground is used in expressions such as gain ground , lose ground , and give ground in order to indicate that someone gets or loses an advantage. (JOURNALISM)

- There are signs that the party is gaining ground in the latest polls.

- The US dollar lost more ground.

N-UNCOUNT

11. ground grounds
If something is grounds for a feeling or action, it is a reason for it. If you do something on the grounds of a particular thing, that thing is the reason for your action.

- In the interview he gave some grounds for optimism.

- The court overturned that decision on the grounds that the Prosecution had withheld crucial evidence.

- Owen was against it, on the grounds of expense.

N-VAR: N for n, on N with supp

12. ground grounds grounding grounded
If an argument, belief, or opinion is grounded in something, that thing is used to justify it.

- Her argument was grounded in fact.

- They believe the soul is immortal, grounding this belief on the Divine nature of the human spirit.

VB
= base

13. ground grounds grounding grounded
If an aircraft or its passengers are grounded , they are made to stay on the ground and are not allowed to take off.

- The civil aviation minister ordered all the planes to be grounded.

- A hydrogen leak forced NASA to ground the space shuttle.

VB

14. ground grounds grounding grounded
When parents ground a child, they forbid them to go out and enjoy themselves for a period of time, as a punishment.

- Thompson grounded him for a month, and banned television.

VB

15. ground grounds grounding grounded
If a ship or boat is grounded or if it grounds , it touches the bottom of the sea, lake, or river it is on, and is unable to move off.

- Residents have been told to stay away from the region where the ship was grounded.

- The boat finally grounded on a soft, underwater bank.

- ...a grounded oil tanker.

V-ERG

16. ground grounds
The ground in an electric plug or piece of electrical equipment is the wire through which electricity passes into the ground and which makes the equipment safe. (AM; in BRIT use earth )
N-COUNT: usu sing

17. ground
Ground meat has been cut into very small pieces in a machine. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use minced )

- ...ground beef.

- ...The sausages are made of coarsely ground pork.

ADJ

18. Ground is the past tense and past participle of grind .

19. ground
If you break new ground , you do something completely different or you do something in a completely different way.

- Gellhorn may have broken new ground when she filed her first report on the Spanish Civil War.

PHR: V inflects approval

20. ground
If you say that a town or building is burnt to the ground or is razed to the ground , you are emphasizing that it has been completely destroyed by fire.

- The town was razed to the ground after the French Revolution.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

21. ground
If two people or groups find common ground , they agree about something, especially when they do not agree about other things.
PHR

22. ground
If you go to ground , you hide somewhere where you cannot easily be found. (BRIT)

- Citizens of East Beirut went to ground in basements and shelters.

PHR: V inflects

23. ground
The middle ground between two groups, ideas, or plans involves things which do not belong to either of these groups, ideas, or plans but have elements of each, often in a less extreme form.

- The sooner we find a middle ground between freedom of speech and protection of the young, the better for everyone.

PHR: oft PHR between n

24. ground
If something such as a project gets off the ground , it begins or starts functioning.

- We help small companies to get off the ground.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

25. ground
If you are on your own ground , you are in a place or situation in which you feel confident because you are very familiar with it.

- On her own ground she knows exactly what she's doing.

PHR: PHR with cl, v-link PHR

26. ground
If you prepare the ground for a future event, course of action, or development, you make it easier for it to happen.

- ...a political initiative which would prepare the ground for war.

PHR: V inflects

27. ground
If you shift your ground or change your ground , you change the basis on which you are arguing.
PHR: V inflects

28. ground
If you stand your ground or hold your ground , you continue to support a particular argument or to have a particular opinion when other people are opposing you or trying to make you change your mind.

- The spectacle of Sakharov standing his ground and speaking his mind gave me hope.

PHR: V inflects

29. ground
If you stand your ground or hold your ground , you do not run away from a situation, but face it bravely.

- She had to force herself to stand her ground when she heard someone approaching.

PHR: V inflects

30. ground
If you say that something such as a job or piece of clothing suits someone down to the ground , you mean that it is completely suitable or right for them. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects emphasis

31. ground
If people or things of a particular kind are thin on the ground , there are very few of them. (mainly BRIT)

- Good managers are often thin on the ground.

PHR: v-link PHR

grounding *

grounding
If you have a grounding in a subject, you know the basic facts or principles of that subject, especially as a result of a particular course of training or instruction.

- The degree provides a thorough grounding in both mathematics and statistics.

N-SING: oft N in n

grind

verb

1.

crush

abrade

granulate

grate

mill

pound

powder

pulverize

triturate

2.

smooth

polish

sand

sharpen

whet

3.

scrape

gnash

grate

noun

4.

hard work

chore

drudgery

labour

sweat informal

toil

ground

noun

1.

earth

dry land

land

soil

terra firma

terrain

turf

2.

stadium

arena

field

park informal

pitch

often plural 3.

land

estate

fields

gardens

terrain

territory

usually plural 4.

dregs

deposit

lees

sediment

grounds

5.

reason

basis

cause

excuse

foundation

justification

motive

occasion

pretext

rationale

verb

6.

base

establish

fix

found

set

settle

7.

instruct

acquaint with

familiarize with

initiate

teach

train

tutor

grind down **

grind down grinds down; grinding down; ground down
If you say that someone grinds you down , you mean that they treat you very harshly and cruelly, reducing your confidence or your will to resist them.

- `You see,' said Hughes, `there's people who want to humiliate you and grind you down.'

PHR-V

grind on **

grind on grinds on; grinding on; ground on
If you say that something grinds on , you disapprove of the fact that it continues to happen in the same way for a long time.

- Civil war in the Sudan has been grinding on for nine years.

PHR-V disapproval

grind out **

grind out grinds out; grinding out; ground out
To grind something out means to produce it in a boring or routine manner. (INFORMAL)

- Were it not for this misfortune, he might never have been forced into the business of grinding out novels to support his family.

PHR-V

grinder

[D.J.:ˈgraɪndə]

[K.K.:ˈɡraɪndɚ]

n.

起研磨作用之物

做研磨工作的人

grinders

磨工工人

grinder *

1. grinder grinders
In a kitchen, a grinder is a device for crushing food such as coffee or meat into small pieces or into a powder.

- ...an electric coffee grinder.

N-COUNT: oft n N

2. grinder grinders
A grinder is a machine or tool for sharpening, smoothing, or polishing the surface of something.
N-COUNT: oft supp N

grindstone

[D.J.:ˈgraɪndˌstəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈɡraɪndˌston]

n.

磨石;砂轮

keep your nose to the grindstone

持续辛勤地工作；努力不懈

grindstone

grindstone grindstones
A grindstone is a large round stone that turns like a wheel and is used for sharpening knives and tools.
N-COUNT

gringo

[D.J.:ˈɡriŋɡəu]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɪŋɡo]

n.

(敌意或轻蔑用语)外国佬

gringo

gringo gringos
Gringo is sometimes used by people from Latin America to refer to people from other countries, especially the United States and Britain. This word could cause offence.
N-COUNT

grip

[D.J.:ɡrip]

[K.K.:ɡrɪp]

n.

紧握, 抓牢

掌握, 控制

理解力, 控制力

握法, 手法

发夹; 把手

vt. & vi.

紧握, 抓紧

吸引, 引起

gripping

[D.J.:ˈgrɪpɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɪpɪŋ]

adj.

吸引注意力的

grips

抓爪

grip ***

1. grip grips gripping gripped
If you grip something, you take hold of it with your hand and continue to hold it firmly.

- She gripped the rope.

VB

2. grip grips
A grip is a firm, strong hold on something.

- His strong hand eased the bag from her grip.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

3. grip
Someone's grip on something is the power and control they have over it.

- The president maintains an iron grip on his country.

- Tony Blair last night tightened his grip on Labour mps with new powers to root out trouble-makers.

N-SING: with supp, oft N on n

4. grip grips gripping gripped
If something grips you, it affects you very strongly.

- Pain gripped him.

- The entire community has been gripped by fear.

VB

5. grip grips gripping gripped
If you are gripped by something such as a story or a series of events, your attention is concentrated on it and held by it.

- The nation is gripped by the dramatic story.

VB: usu passive

6. gripping

- The film turned out to be a gripping thriller.

ADJ-GRADED
= riveting

7. grip
If things such as shoes or car tyres have grip , they do not slip.

- ...a new way of reinforcing rubber which gives car tyres better grip.

N-UNCOUNT

8. grip grips
A grip is a bag that is smaller than a suitcase, and that you use when you are travelling.
N-COUNT

9. grip
If you get to grips with a problem or if you come to grips with it, you consider it seriously, and start taking action to deal with it.

- The government's first task is to get to grips with the economy.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

10. grip
If you get a grip on yourself, you make an effort to control or improve your behaviour or work.
PHR: V inflects

11. grip
If a person, group, or place is in the grip of something, they are being severely affected by it.

- Britain is still in the grip of recession.

- ...a region in the grip of severe drought.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR n

12. grip
If you lose your grip , you become less efficient and less confident, and less able to deal with things.
PHR: V inflects

13. grip
If you say that someone has a grip on reality , you mean they recognize the true situation and do not have mistaken ideas about it.

- Shakur loses his fragile grip on reality and starts blasting away at friends and foe alike.

PHR: usu PHR after v

grip

noun Informal

1.

clasp

hold

2.

control

clutches

domination

influence

possession

power

3.

understanding

command

comprehension

grasp

mastery

verb

4.

grasp

clasp

clutch

hold

seize

take hold of

5.

engross

absorb

enthral

entrance

fascinate

hold

mesmerize

rivet

gripping

adjective

fascinating

compelling

engrossing

enthralling

entrancing

exciting

riveting

spellbinding

thrilling

gripe

[D.J.:graɪp]

[K.K.:ɡraɪp]

vi.

感到或引起腹或肠绞痛

抱怨(某人〔某事物〕);发牢骚

n.

牢骚, 怨言, 不平, 不满

gripes

[ɡraips]

n.

〈非正〉腹部绞疼

gripe *

1. gripe gripes griping griped
If you say that someone is griping , you mean they are annoying you because they keep on complaining about something. (INFORMAL)

- Why are football players griping when the average salary is half a million dollars?

- ...griping about high prices.

VB disapproval
= complain

2. griping

- Still, the griping went on.

N-UNCOUNT

3. gripe gripes
A gripe is a complaint about something. (INFORMAL)

- My only gripe is that one main course and one dessert were unavailable.

N-COUNT
= complaint

griping

griping
A griping pain is a sudden, sharp pain in your stomach or bowels.
ADJ: ADJ n

grisly

[D.J.:ˈgrɪzli:]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɪzli]

adj.

恐怖的,可怕的

grisly *

grisly grislier grisliest
Something that is grisly is extremely unpleasant, and usually involves death and violence.

- He was insane when he carried out the grisly murders.

- ...a grizzly crime.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also grizzly .
= gruesome

grisly

adjective

gruesome

appalling

awful

dreadful

ghastly

horrible

macabre

shocking

terrifying

grist

[D.J.:ɡrist]

[K.K.:ɡrɪst]

n.

谷物,尤指磨成粉用(或已磨成粉的)谷物

grist

grist
If you say that something is grist to the mill , you mean that it is useful for a particular purpose or helps support someone's point of view.
PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR of/for n

gristle

[D.J.:ˈgrɪsəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɪsəl]

n.

坚韧的组织

软骨

gristly

adj.

gristly

[D.J.:ˈɡrisli]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɪsli]

adj.

软骨的,似软骨的

gristle

gristle
Gristle is a tough, rubbery substance found in meat, especially in meat of poor quality, which is unpleasant to eat.
N-UNCOUNT

grit

[D.J.:grɪt]

[K.K.:ɡrɪt]

n.

细石子, 砂粒等

勇气和毅力

vt.

以沙砾覆盖(某物);撒沙砾于

grit one’s teeth

咬紧牙关

grits

[D.J.:ɡrits]

[K.K.:ɡrɪts]

n.

粗磨粉,粗面粉,粗燕麦粉,〈美〉粗玉米粉

grit *

1. grit
Grit is very small pieces of stone. It is often put on roads in winter to make them less slippery.

- He felt tiny bits of grit and sand peppering his knees.

N-UNCOUNT

2. grit
If someone has grit , they have the determination and courage to continue doing something even though it is very difficult.

- If they gave gold medals for grit, Karen would be right up there on the winners' podium.

N-UNCOUNT

3. grit grits
Grits are coarsely ground grains of corn which are cooked and eaten for breakfast or as part of a meal in the southern United States. (AM)
N-PLURAL

4. grit grits gritting gritted
If you grit your teeth, you press your upper and lower teeth tightly together, usually because you are angry about something.

- Gritting my teeth, I did my best to stifle one or two remarks.

- `It is clear that my client has been less than frank with me,' said his lawyer, through gritted teeth.

VB

5. grit
If you grit your teeth , you make up your mind to carry on even if the situation is very difficult.

- There is going to be hardship, but we have to grit our teeth and get on with it.

PHR: V inflects

grit

noun

1.

gravel

dust

pebbles

sand

2.

courage

backbone

determination

fortitude

guts informal

perseverance

resolution

spirit

tenacity

verb

3.

grind

clench

gnash

grate

gritty

[D.J.:ˈɡriti]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɪti]

adj.

多沙的, 刚强的

gritty *

1. gritty grittier grittiest
Something that is gritty contains grit, is covered with grit, or has a texture like that of grit.

- The sheets fell on the gritty floor, and she just let them lie.

ADJ-GRADED

2. gritty grittier grittiest
Someone who is gritty is brave and determined.

- We have to prove how gritty we are.

- ...a gritty determination to avoid humiliation.

ADJ-GRADED

3. gritty grittier grittiest
A gritty description of a tough or unpleasant situation shows it in a very realistic way.

- ...gritty social comment...

- His most celebrated work is the film classic, `Woman in the Dunes,' a gritty look at survival in an extreme environment.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

gritty

adjective

1.

rough

dusty

granular

gravelly

rasping

sandy

2.

courageous

brave

determined

dogged

plucky

resolute

spirited

steadfast

tenacious

grizzled

[D.J.:ˈɡrizld]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɪzəld]

adj.

灰色的,头发斑白的

grizzled

grizzled
A grizzled person or a person with grizzled hair has hair that is grey or partly grey.

- ...a grizzled old age pensioner...

- He was an old man with grey, grizzled hair.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

grizzly

[D.J.:ˈgrɪzli:]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɪzli]

adj.

灰白头发的

n.

北美洲灰熊

grizzly

1. grizzly grizzlies
A grizzly or a grizzly bear is a large, fierce, greyish-brown bear.

- ...two grizzly bear cubs.

N-COUNT

2. grizzly
If children are grizzly , they complain or cry a lot, often because they are unwell or tired. (INFORMAL)

- All babies need quiet times on their own and get grizzly if they've had too much stimulation.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

groan

[D.J.:ɡrəun]

[K.K.:ɡron]

vi.

呻吟

发牢骚, 抱怨

受苦, 受折磨

vt.

呻吟着表示

n.

呻吟, 叹息

呻吟般的声音

groaning

哼声

groan **

1. groan groans groaning groaned
If you groan , you make a long, low sound because you are in pain, or because you are upset or unhappy about something.

- Slowly, he opened his eyes. As he did so, he began to groan with pain.

- They glanced at the man on the floor, who began to groan.

- She was making small groaning noises.

VB
= moan

2. groan groans
Also a noun.

- She heard him let out a pitiful, muffled groan.

- As his ball flew wide, there was a collective groan from the stands.

N-COUNT
= moan

3. groan groans groaning groaned
If you groan something, you say it in a low, unhappy voice.

- `My leg -- I think it's broken,' Eric groaned.

VB

4. groan groans groaning groaned
If you groan about something, you complain about it.

- His parents were beginning to groan about the price of college tuition.

VB

5. groan groans
Also a noun.

- Listen sympathetically to your child's moans and groans about what she can't do.

N-COUNT

6. groan groans groaning groaned
If wood or something made of wood groans , it makes a loud sound when it moves.

- The timbers groan and creak and the floorboards shift.

VB

7. groan groans groaning groaned
If you say that something such as a table groans under the weight of food, you are emphasizing that there is a lot of food on it.

- The bar counter groans under the weight of huge plates of the freshest fish.

- ...a table groaning with food.

VB emphasis

8. groan groans groaning groaned
If you say that someone or something is groaning under the weight of something, you think there is too much of that thing.

- Consumers were groaning under the weight of high interest rates.

- Bookshelves groan under the burden of books on threats to the environment.

VB: usu cont disapproval

groan

noun

1.

moan

cry

sigh

whine

2.

complaint

gripe informal

grouse

grumble

objection

protest

verb

3.

moan

cry

sigh

whine

4.

complain

bemoan

gripe informal

grouse

grumble

lament

object

grocer

[D.J.:ˈɡrəusə]

[K.K.:ˈɡrosɚ]

n.

食品杂货商

grocer *

1. grocer grocers
A grocer is a shopkeeper who sells foods such as flour, sugar, and tinned foods.
N-COUNT

2. grocer grocers
A grocer or a grocer's is a shop where foods such as flour, sugar, and tinned foods are sold. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT: oft the N

groceries

n.

食品;杂货

grocery

[D.J.:ˈgrəʊsəri:]

[K.K.:ˈɡrosəri]

n.

杂货业

杂货店

grocery *

1. grocery groceries
A grocery or a grocery store is a grocer's shop. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

2. grocery groceries
Groceries are foods you buy at a grocer's or at a supermarket such as flour, sugar, and tinned foods.
N-PLURAL

grog

[D.J.:ɡrɔɡ]

[K.K.:ɡrɑɡ]

n.

掺水烈酒

vi.

饮掺水烈酒

grog

grog
Grog is a drink made by mixing a strong spirit, such as rum or whisky, with water.
N-UNCOUNT

groggily

adv.

酒醉地,东倒西歪地

groggy

[D.J.:ˈgrɔgi:]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɑɡi]

adj.

不会的,不稳的,摇摆的

groggily

adv.

groggy

groggy groggier groggiest
If you feel groggy , you feel weak and rather ill. (INFORMAL)

- She was feeling a bit groggy when I saw her.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

groggy

adjective Informal

dizzy

confused

dazed

faint

shaky

unsteady

weak

wobbly

groin

[D.J.:ɡrɔin]

[K.K.:ɡrɔɪn]

n.

腹股沟,(水利工程)交叉拱

v.

使成穹窿形

groin *

groin groins
Your groin is the front part of your body between your legs.
N-COUNT

groom

[D.J.:ɡrum]

[K.K.:ɡrum, ɡrʊm]

vt.

照料或梳洗(马等)

使做好准备, 训练

n.

新郎

马夫

grooming

理毛行为

groom *

1. groom grooms
A groom is the same as a bridegroom .

- ...the bride and groom.

N-COUNT

2. groom grooms
A groom is someone whose job is to look after the horses in a stable and to keep them clean.
N-COUNT

3. groom grooms grooming groomed
If you groom an animal, you clean its fur, usually by brushing it.

- The horses were exercised and groomed with special care.

VB

4. groom grooms grooming groomed
If you are groomed for a special job, someone prepares you for it by teaching you the skills you will need.

- George was already being groomed for the top job.

- Marshall was groomed to run the family companies.

VB: usu passive

groomed

groomed
You use groomed in expressions such as well groomed and badly groomed to say how neat, clean, and smart a person is.

- ...a very well groomed man...

- She always appeared perfectly groomed.

ADJ: usu adv ADJ

grooming *

grooming
Grooming refers to the things that people do to keep themselves clean and make their face, hair, and skin look nice.

- ...a growing concern for personal grooming.

- ...five new men's grooming products.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

groom

noun

1.

stableman

hostler or ostler archaic

stableboy

verb

2.

smarten up

clean

preen

primp

spruce up

tidy

3.

rub down

brush

clean

curry

tend

4.

train

coach

drill

educate

make ready

nurture

prepare

prime

ready

groove

[D.J.:ɡru:v]

[K.K.:ɡruv]

n.

沟, 槽

老一套, 常规

groove **

1. groove grooves
A groove is a deep line cut into a surface.

- Prior to assembly, grooves were made in the shelf, base and sides to accommodate the back panel.

N-COUNT

2. groove grooves
In popular music, a groove is a rhythm. (INFORMAL)

- ...Latin and African grooves.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

groove

noun

indentation

channel

cut

flute

furrow

hollow

rut

trench

trough

grooved

开槽的

grooved

grooved
Something that is grooved has grooves on its surface.

- The inscriptions are as fresh and deep-grooved as if they had been cut only last week.

ADJ

groovy

[D.J.:ˈɡru:vi]

[K.K.:ˈɡruvi]

adj.

吸引人的, 绝妙的

groovy *

groovy groovier grooviest
If you describe something as groovy , you mean that it is attractive, fashionable, or exciting. (INFORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...the grooviest club in London.

ADJ-GRADED

grope

[D.J.:ɡrəup]

[K.K.:ɡrop]

vt. & vi.

暗中摸, 摸索

vi.

探索, 搜寻

groping

adj.

探索的,暗中摸索的

grope *

1. grope gropes groping groped
If you grope for something that you cannot see, you try to find it by moving your hands around in order to feel it.

- With his left hand he groped for the knob, turned it, and pulled the door open.

- Bunbury groped in his breast pocket for his wallet.

VB
= fumble

2. grope gropes groping groped
If you grope your way to a place, you move there, holding your hands in front of you and feeling the way because you cannot see anything.

- I didn't turn on the light, but groped my way across the room.

VB
= feel

3. grope gropes groping groped
If you grope for something, for example the solution to a problem, you try to think of it, when you have no real idea what it could be.

- He groped for solutions to the problems facing the country.

- She groped for a simple word to express a simple idea.

VB

4. groping gropings

- They continue their groping towards a constitutional settlement.

N-VAR

5. grope gropes groping groped
If one person gropes another, they touch or take hold of them in a rough, sexual way. (INFORMAL)

- He would try to grope her breasts and put his hand up her skirt.

VB disapproval

6. grope gropes
Also a noun.

- She even boasted of having a grope in a cupboard with a 13-year-old.

N-COUNT

grope

verb

feel

cast about

fish

flounder

forage

fumble

scrabble

search

gross

[D.J.:ɡrəus]

[K.K.:ɡros]

adj.

臃肿的

粗俗的, 粗野的

总的, 毛的

显而易见的, 显然恶劣的

vt.

获得(…的)总收入

grosser

[ˈɡrəusə]

n.

〈美俚〉赚钱的产品或生产

grossly

[D.J.:ˈ grəʊslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɡroslɪ]

adv.

十足地；严重地

非常；极其

下流地

大略

gross ***

1. gross
You use gross to describe something unacceptable or unpleasant to a very great amount, degree, or intensity.

- The company were guilty of gross negligence.

- ...an act of gross injustice.

ADJ: ADJ n The plural of the number is gross

2. grossly

- Funding of education had been grossly inadequate for years.

- She was grossly overweight.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed/adj

3. gross grosser grossest
If you say that someone's speech or behaviour is gross , you think it is very rude or unacceptable.

- He abused the Admiral in the grossest terms.

- I feel disgusted and wonder how I could ever have been so gross.

ADJ-GRADED The plural of the number is gross disapproval

4. gross grosser grossest
If you describe something as gross , you think it is very unpleasant. (INFORMAL)

- They had a commercial on the other night for Drug Free America that was so gross I thought Daddy was going to faint.

- He wears really gross holiday outfits.

ADJ-GRADED The plural of the number is gross disapproval

5. gross grosser grossest
If you describe someone as gross , you mean that they are extremely fat and unattractive.

- I only resist things like chocolate if I feel really gross.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ The plural of the number is gross disapproval

6. gross
Gross means the total amount of something, especially money, before any has been taken away.

- ...a fixed rate account guaranteeing 10.4% gross interest or 7.8% net until October.

ADJ: ADJ n The plural of the number is gross

7. gross
Also an adverb.

- Interest is paid gross, rather than having tax deducted.

- ...a father earning £20,000 gross a year.

ADV: ADV after v The plural of the number is gross

8. gross
Gross means the total amount of something, after all the relevant amounts have been added together.

- National Savings gross sales in June totalled £709 million.

ADJ: ADJ n The plural of the number is gross

9. gross
Gross means the total weight of something, including its container or wrapping.
ADJ: ADJ n The plural of the number is gross

10. gross grosses grossing grossed
If a person or a business grosses a particular amount of money, they earn that amount of money before tax has been taken away.

- I'm a factory worker who grossed £9,900 last year.

- So far the films have grossed more than £590 million.

VB The plural of the number is gross

11. gross
A gross is a group of 144 things.

- In all honesty he could not have justified ordering more than twelve gross of the disks.

NUM: usu a /num NUM The plural of the number is gross

12. gross out grosses out; grossing out; grossed out
If something grosses you out , it makes you feel disgusted. (INFORMAL)

- Ordinarily, Anastasia was grossed out when her father spoke to total strangers in public.

- Your eating habits even grossed out my mother.

PHR-V The plural of the number is gross
= disgust

gross

adjective

1.

fat

corpulent

hulking

obese

overweight

2.

total

aggregate

before deductions

before tax

entire

whole

3.

vulgar

coarse

crude

indelicate

obscene

offensive

4.

blatant

flagrant

grievous

heinous

rank

sheer

unmitigated

utter

verb

5.

earn

bring in

make

rake in informal

take

gross domestic product *

gross domestic product gross domestic products
A country's gross domestic product is the total value of all the goods it has produced and the services it has provided in a particular year.
N-VAR
= GDP

grotesque

[D.J.:ɡrəuˈtesk]

[K.K.:ɡroˈtɛsk]

adj.

怪诞的, 荒诞不经的, 荒唐的

奇形怪状的, 奇异的, 丑陋的

n.

衣着、打扮、五官等古怪, 不协调的样子

grotesquely

adv.

奇异地,荒诞地

grotesque *

1. grotesque
You say that something is grotesque when it is so unnatural, unpleasant, and exaggerated that it upsets or shocks you.

- ...the grotesque disparities between the wealthy few and nearly everyone else.

- ...a country where grotesque abuses are taking place.

ADJ-GRADED
= gross

2. grotesquely

- He called it the most grotesquely tragic experience that he's ever had.

ADV-GRADED

3. grotesque
If someone or something is grotesque , they are very ugly.

- They tried to avoid looking at his grotesque face and his crippled body.

ADJ-GRADED
= hideous

4. grotesquely

- ...grotesquely deformed beggars.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed

5. grotesque grotesques
A grotesque is a person who is very ugly in a strange or unnatural way, especially one in a novel or painting.

- Grass's novels are peopled with outlandish characters: grotesques, clowns, scarecrows, dwarfs.

N-COUNT

grotesque

adjective

unnatural

bizarre

deformed

distorted

fantastic

freakish

outlandish

preposterous

strange

grotto

[D.J.:ˈgrɔtəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɑto]

n.

(吸引人的)岩洞,洞穴；(人挖的)洞室

grotto

grotto grottoes or grottos
A grotto is a small cave with interesting or attractively shaped rocks.

- Water trickles through an underground grotto.

N-COUNT

grotty

[D.J.:ˈɡrɔti]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɑti]

adj.

难看的,令人不愉快的

grotty

grotty grottier grottiest
If you describe something as grotty , you mean that it is unpleasant or of poor quality and you dislike it strongly. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...a grotty little flat in Camden.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

grouch

[D.J.:graʊtʃ]

[K.K.:ɡraʊtʃ]

vt. & vi.

<口>抱怨,发牢骚

n.

爱抱怨的人,脾气坏的人

牢骚,抱怨；生气,不满情绪

grouch

1. grouch grouches
A grouch is someone who is always complaining in a bad-tempered way. (INFORMAL)

- He's an old grouch but she puts up with him.

N-COUNT disapproval

2. grouch grouches
A grouch is a bad-tempered complaint. (INFORMAL)

- One of the biggest grouches is the new system of payment.

N-COUNT
= whinge grumble

grouchy

[D.J.:ˈgraʊtʃi:]

[K.K.:ˈɡraʊtʃi]

adj.

<非正>脾气不好并常发牢骚的;好抱怨的

grouchy

grouchy
If someone is grouchy , they are very bad-tempered and complain a lot. (INFORMAL) .

- Your grandmother has nothing to stop her from being bored, grouchy and lonely.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

groundbait

groundbait
Groundbait is food that you throw on to a river or lake when you are fishing in order to attract the fish.
N-UNCOUNT

groundbreaking

[D.J.:ˈɡraundˌbreikiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡraʊndˌbrekɪŋ]

adj.

开创性的，突破性的

groundbreaking

groundbreaking
You use groundbreaking to describe things which you think are significant because they provide new and positive ideas, and influence the way people think about things.

- ...his groundbreaking novel on homosexuality.

- ...groundbreaking research.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also ground-breaking .

groundcloth

groundcloth groundcloths
A groundcloth is a piece of waterproof material which you put on the ground to sleep on when you are camping. (AM; in BRIT use groundsheet )
N-COUNT
= groundsheet

ground crew

ground crew ground crews
At an airport, the people who look after the planes when they are on the ground are called the ground crew .

- The airport ground crew tried to dissuade the pilot from taking off.

N-COUNT-COLL

ground floor *

ground floor ground floors
The ground floor of a building is the floor that is level or almost level with the ground outside. (BRIT; in AM use first floor )

- She showed him around the ground floor of the empty house.

- Jenny now lives in a terraced ground floor flat.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

groundhog

[D.J.:ˈɡraundˈhɔɡ]

[K.K.:ˈɡraʊndˌhɔɡ, -ˌhɑɡ]

n.

(美国产的)土拨鼠

groundhog

groundhog groundhogs
A groundhog is a type of small animal with reddish-brown fur that is found in North America.
N-COUNT
= woodchuck

groundless

[D.J.:ˈgraʊndlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɡraʊndlɪs]

adj.

无理由的;无根据的

groundless

groundless
If you say that a fear, accusation, or story is groundless , you mean that it is not based on evidence and is unlikely to be true or valid.

- Fears that the world was about to run out of fuel proved groundless.

- A ministry official described the report as groundless.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ
≠ well-founded

groundless

adjective

unjustified

baseless

empty

idle

uncalled-for

unfounded

unwarranted

ground level *

ground level
If something is at ground level , it is at the same level as the ground, as opposed to being higher up or below the surface.

- The hotel is set on three floors. There's a bar and cafe at ground level.

- The remaining block of woodland is cut down to ground level.

N-UNCOUNT: oft prep N

groundnut

[D.J.:ˈɡraundnʌt]

[K.K.:ˈɡraʊndˌnʌt]

n.

落花生

groundnut

groundnut groundnuts
A groundnut is a peanut . (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

ground plan

1. ground plan ground plans
In British English, a ground plan is a plan of the ground floor of a building. In American English, a ground plan is a plan of any floor of a building.
N-COUNT

2. ground plan ground plans
A ground plan is a basic plan for future action.
N-COUNT

ground rent

ground rent ground rents
Ground rent is rent that is paid by the owner of a flat or house to the owner of the land on which it is built. (mainly BRIT)

- How much is the annual ground rent?.

- Ground rents are likely to escalate over time.

N-VAR

ground rule *

ground rule ground rules
The ground rules for something are the basic principles on which future action will be based.

- The panel says the ground rules for the current talks should be maintained.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N for/of n

groundsheet

n.

(露营时铺地用的)防潮布

groundsheet

groundsheet groundsheets
A groundsheet is a piece of waterproof material which you put on the ground to sleep on when you are camping. (BRIT; in AM use groundcloth )
N-COUNT
= groundcloth

groundskeeper

groundskeeper groundskeepers
A groundskeeper is the same as a groundsman . (AM)
N-COUNT

groundsman

n.

球场管理员

groundsman

groundsman groundsmen
A groundsman is a person whose job is to look after a park or sports ground. (BRIT; in AM use groundskeeper )
N-COUNT

ground staff

1. ground staff
The people who are paid to maintain a sports ground are called the ground staff .

- The ground staff do all they can to prepare the pitch.

N-COUNT-COLL

2. ground staff
At an airport, the ground staff are the employees of aeroplane companies who do not fly with the planes, but who work in the airport helping passengers and providing information.

- There had been a strike amongst British Airways ground staff.

N-COUNT-COLL
= ground crew

groundswell

[D.J.:ˈgraʊndˌswel]

[K.K.:ˈɡraʊndˌswɛl]

(飓风和地震引起的)海啸;浅水长涌

groundswell

groundswell
A sudden growth of public feeling or support for something is often called a groundswell . (JOURNALISM)

- There is undoubtedly a groundswell of support for the idea of a strong central authority.

- The groundswell of opinion is in favour of a referendum.

N-SING: with supp, usu N of n

groundwater

[D.J.:ˈgraʊndˌwɔ:tə, -ˌwɔtə]

[K.K.:ˈɡraʊndˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ]

n.

地下水

groundwater

groundwater
Groundwater is water that is found under the ground. Groundwater has usually passed down through the soil and become trapped by rocks.

- The groundwater is only feet beneath the city streets.

N-UNCOUNT

groundwork

[D.J.:ˈgraʊndˌwɜ:k]

[K.K.:ˈɡraʊndˌwə..k]

n.

基础工作;准备工作

groundwork *

groundwork
The groundwork for something is the early work on it which forms the basis for further work.

- Yesterday's meeting was to lay the groundwork for the task ahead.

- These courses provide the groundwork of statistical theory.

N-SING: the N, oft the N for n

groundwork

noun

preliminaries

foundation

fundamentals

preparation

spadework

underpinnings

group

[D.J.:ɡru:p]

[K.K.:ɡrup]

n.

组, 群, 团体, 类

小型流行音乐演奏组

vt. & vi.

使成群; 集合

vt.

分类; 归类

grouped

化合的

grouping

[D.J.:ˈgru:pɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡrupɪŋ]

n.

归类;编组(工作)

group *****

1. group groups
A group of people or things is a number of people or things which are together in one place at one time.

- The trouble involved a small group of football supporters.

- The students work in groups on complex problems.

N-COUNT-COLL: oft N of n

2. group groups
A group is a set of people who have the same interests or aims, and who organize themselves to work or act together.

- ...the Minority Rights Group...

- Members of an environmental group are staging a protest inside a chemical plant.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

3. group groups
A group is a set of people, organizations, or things which are considered together because they have something in common.

- She is among the most promising players in her age group.

- As a group, today's old people are still relatively deprived.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

4. group groups
A group is a number of separate commercial or industrial firms which all have the same owner.

- The group made a pre-tax profit of £1.05 million.

- ...a French-based insurance group.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

5. group groups
A group is a number of musicians who perform together, especially ones who play popular music.

- At school he played bass in a pop group called The Urge.

- ...Billy Bragg's backing group.

N-COUNT
= band

6. group groups grouping grouped
If a number of things or people are grouped together or group together , they are together in one place or within one organization or system.

- The fact sheets are grouped into seven sections.

- The G-7 organization groups together the world's seven leading industrialized nations.

- We want to encourage them to group together to act as a big purchaser.

V-ERG

grouping *

grouping groupings
A grouping is a set of people or things that have something in common.

- There were two main political groupings pressing for independence.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

group

noun

1.

set

band

bunch

cluster

collection

crowd

gang

pack

party

verb

2.

arrange

bracket

class

classify

marshal

order

sort

groupie

[D.J.:ˈgru:pi:]

[K.K.:ˈɡrupi]

n.

流行乐队迷,想与流行乐队成员发生性关系的少女

groupie

groupie groupies
A groupie is someone, especially a young woman, who is a fan of a particular pop group, singer, or other famous person, and follows them around.
N-COUNT

group therapy *

group therapy
Group therapy is a form of psychiatric treatment in which a group of people discuss their problems with each other.
N-UNCOUNT

grouse

[D.J.:graʊs]

[K.K.:ɡraʊs]

n.

松鸡

松鸡肉

vi.

抱怨,发牢骚

grouse *

1. grouse grouses
A grouse is a wild bird with a round body. Grouse are often shot for sport and can be eaten.

- The party had been to the grouse moors that morning.

N-COUNT: oft N n The form grouse is used as the plural

2. grouse
Grouse is the flesh of this bird eaten as food.

- The menu included roast grouse.

N-UNCOUNT The form grouse is used as the plural

3. grouse grouses grousing groused
If you grouse , you complain.

- `How come we never know what's going on?' he groused.

- When they groused about the parking regulations, they did it with good humor.

VB

4. grouse grouses
A grouse is a complaint.

- There have been grouses about the economy, interest rates and house prices.

N-COUNT

grouse

verb

1.

complain

bellyache slang

carp

gripe informal

grumble

moan

whine

whinge informal

noun

2.

complaint

grievance

gripe informal

grouch informal

grumble

moan

objection

protest

grout

[D.J.:ɡraut]

[K.K.:ɡraʊt]

n.

薄泥浆,水泥浆

vt.

用薄泥浆填塞,(猪等)用鼻子拱

grouting

灌浆

grout

1. grout
Grout is a thin mixture of sand, water, and cement or lime, which is used to fill in the spaces between tiles that are fixed to a wall.
N-UNCOUNT

2. grout grouts grouting grouted
If you grout the tiles on a wall, you use grout to fill in the spaces between the tiles.

- Make sure that your tiles are thoroughly grouted and sealed.

VB

grove

[D.J.:ɡrəuv]

[K.K.:ɡrov]

n.

树丛, 小树林

grove **

1. grove groves
A grove is a group of trees that are close together.

- ...open fields and groves of trees.

- ...an olive grove.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. grove
Grove is often used as part of the name of a street. (mainly BRIT)

- ...47 Canada Grove, Bognor Regis.

N-IN-NAMES

grove

noun

wood

coppice

copse

covert

plantation

spinney

thicket

grovel

[D.J.:ˈgrɔvəl, ˈgrʌv-]

[K.K.:ˈɡrɑvəl, ˈɡrʌv-]

vi.

①卑躬屈节,奴颜婢膝

趴

grovelling

adj.

卑下的,奴颜婢膝的

grovel

1. grovel grovels grovelling grovelled
If you say that someone grovels , you think they are behaving too respectfully towards another person, for example because they are frightened or because they want something.

- I don't grovel to anybody.

- Speakers have been shouted down, classes disrupted, teachers made to grovel.

- ...a letter of grovelling apology.

VB (AM) groveling , groveled disapproval

2. grovel grovels grovelling grovelled
If you grovel , you crawl on the ground, for example in order to find something.

- We grovelled around the club on our knees.

VB (AM) groveling , groveled

grovel

verb

humble oneself

abase oneself

bow and scrape

crawl

creep

cringe

demean oneself

fawn

kowtow

toady

grow apart *****

grow apart grows apart; growing apart; grew apart; grown apart
If people who have a close relationship grow apart , they gradually start to have different interests and opinions from each other, and their relationship starts to fail.

- He and his wife grew apart.

- It sounds as if you have grown apart from Tom.

PHR-V-RECIP

grow away from *****

grow away grows away; growing away; grew away; grown away
If you grow away from someone, you gradually have fewer interests and opinions in common with them.

- He's never grown away from the people amongst whom he was brought up.

PHR-V

grow into *****

grow into grows into; growing into; grew into; grown into
When a child grows into an item of clothing, they become taller or bigger so that it fits them properly.

- It's a bit big, but she'll soon grow into it.

PHR-V

grow on *****

grow on grows on; growing on; grew on; grown on
If someone or something grows on you, you start to like them more and more.

- Slowly and strangely, the place began to grow on me.

PHR-V

grow out *****

grow out grows out; growing out; grew out; grown out
If you grow out a hairstyle or let it grow out , you let your hair grow so that the style changes or so that you can cut off the part that you do not want.

- I also let my hair go darker and grew out my fringe.

- The red rinse had grown out completely.

PHR-V-ERG

grow out of *****

1. grow out grows out; growing out; grew out; grown out
If you grow out of a type of behaviour or an interest, you stop behaving in that way or having that interest, as you develop or change.

- Most children who stammer grow out of it.

PHR-V

2. grow out grows out; growing out; grew out; grown out
When a child grows out of an item of clothing, they become so tall or big that it no longer fits them properly.

- You've grown out of your shoes again.

PHR-V

grow up *****

1. grow up grows up; growing up; grew up; grown up
When someone grows up , they gradually change from being a child into being an adult.

- She grew up in Tokyo.

PHR-V
See also grown-up .

2. grow up grows up; growing up; grew up; grown up
If you tell someone to grow up , you are telling them to stop behaving in a silly or childish way. (INFORMAL)

- It's time you grew up.

PHR-V: usu imper disapproval

3. grow up grows up; growing up; grew up; grown up
If something grows up , it starts to exist and then becomes larger or more important.

- A variety of heavy industries grew up alongside the port.

PHR-V

grower

[ˈɡrəuə]

n.

种植者

以某种方式生长的植物

grower **

grower growers
A grower is a person who grows large quantities of a particular plant or crop in order to sell them.

- England's apple growers are fighting an uphill battle against foreign competition.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

growing pains

1. growing pains
If a person or organization suffers from growing pains , they experience temporary difficulties and problems at the beginning of a particular stage of development.

- There's some sympathy for this new country's growing pains, but that sympathy is fast wearing out.

- ...the growing pains of teenagers experiencing their first taste of adulthood.

N-PLURAL: usu with poss

2. growing pains
If children suffer from growing pains , they have pain in their muscles or joints that is caused by unusually fast growth.
N-PLURAL

growing season

growing season growing seasons
The growing season in a particular country or area is the period in each year when the weather and temperature is right for plants and crops to grow.

- Any farmer or gardener knows that a milder winter means a longer growing season.

N-COUNT: usu sing

growl

[D.J.:ɡraul]

[K.K.:ɡraʊl]

vi.

(动物)发狺狺声, (雷)作隆隆声

vt.

低声咆哮着说

n.

咆哮, 狺狺声

growl *

1. growl growls growling growled
When a dog or other animal growls , it makes a low noise in its throat, usually because it is angry.

- The dog was biting, growling and wagging its tail.

VB

2. growl growls
Also a noun.

- Their noise modulated to a concerted menacing growl punctuated by sharp yaps.

N-COUNT

3. growl growls growling growled
If someone growls something, they say something in a low, rough, and angry voice. (WRITTEN)

- His fury was so great he could hardly speak. He growled some unintelligible words at Pete.

- `I should have killed him,' Sharpe growled.

VB

4. growl growls
Also a noun.

- ...with an angry growl of contempt for her own weakness.

N-COUNT

5. growl growls growling growled
If you say that something growls , you mean that it makes a deep low noise.

- My stomach growled.

- The car growls along rutted streets.

VB

6. growl growls
Also a noun.

- Acceleration is accompanied by a resonating growl from the gearbox.

N-COUNT

grown-up *

1. grown-up grown-ups
A grown-up is an adult; used by or to children.

- Jan was almost a grown-up.

- Tell children to tell a grown-up if they're being bullied.

N-COUNT The spelling grownup is also used. The syllable up is not stressed when it is a noun.
= adult

2. grown-up
Someone who is grown-up is physically and mentally mature and no longer depends on their parents or another adult.

- I seem to have everything anyone could want -- a good husband, a lovely home, grown-up children who're doing well.

ADJ The spelling grownup is also used. The syllable up is not stressed when it is a noun.

3. grown-up
If you say that someone is grown-up , you mean that they behave in an adult way, often when they are in fact still a child.

- She's very grown-up.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ The spelling grownup is also used. The syllable up is not stressed when it is a noun.

4. grown-up
Grown-up things seem suitable for or typical of adults. (INFORMAL)

- Her songs tackle grown-up subjects.

- She talked in a grown-up manner.

ADJ-GRADED The spelling grownup is also used. The syllable up is not stressed when it is a noun.
= adult

grown-up

adjective

1.

mature

adult

fully-grown

of age

noun

2.

adult

man

woman

growth

[D.J.:ɡrəuθ]

[K.K.:ɡroθ]

n.

生长, 发育

增加; 发展, 扩大

生长物

growth ****

1. growth
The growth of something such as an industry, organization, or idea is its development in size, wealth, or importance.

- ...the growth of nationalism.

- ...Japan's enormous economic growth.

- ...high growth rates.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

2. growth
The growth in something is the increase in it.

- A steady growth in the popularity of two smaller parties may upset the polls.

- The area has seen a rapid population growth.

- The market has shown annual growth of 20 per cent for several years.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft supp N, N in n, N of amount

3. growth
A growth industry, area, or market is one which is increasing in size or activity.

- Computers and electronics are growth industries and need skilled technicians.

- Real estate lending has become the biggest growth area for American banks.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. growth
Someone's growth is the development and progress of their character.

- ...the child's emotional and intellectual growth...

- Different teachers make different contributions to a student's growth.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

5. growth
Growth in a person, animal, or plant is the process of increasing in physical size and development.

- ...hormones which control fertility and body growth...

- Cells divide and renew as part of the human growth process.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

6. growth growths
You can use growth to refer to plants which have recently developed or which developed at the same time.

- This helps to ripen new growth and makes it flower profusely.

- Pinch out the tips of the young growths to make for compact, bushy plants.

N-VAR

7. growth growths
A growth is a lump that grows inside or on a person, animal, or plant, and that is caused by a disease.

- This type of surgery could even be used to extract cancerous growths.

N-COUNT

growth

noun

1.

increase

development

enlargement

expansion

multiplication

proliferation

stretching

2.

improvement

advance

expansion

progress

prosperity

rise

success

3.

tumour

lump

grub

[D.J.:grʌb]

[K.K.:ɡrʌb]

n.

蛴螬, 蛆

<俚>食物

vi.

挖土, 掘土;挖掘寻找

(急切地但通常为不得法地)寻找(尤指资料)

grub up

掘出， 挖出( 某物)

找到(不好的人或东西)

grubbing

除根

grub *

1. grub grubs
A grub is a young insect which has just come out of an egg and looks like a short fat worm.
N-COUNT

2. grub
Grub is food. (INFORMAL)

- Get yourself some grub and come and sit down.

N-UNCOUNT
= nosh

3. grub grubs grubbing grubbed
If you grub around, you search for something.

- I simply cannot face grubbing through all this paper.

VB

grub

noun Medical

1.

larva

caterpillar

maggot

2.

food

nosh slang

rations

sustenance

victuals

verb

3.

dig up

burrow

pull up

root informal

4.

search

ferret

forage

hunt

rummage

scour

uncover

unearth

grub up, grub out *

grub up grubs up; grubbing up; grubbed up
If you grub up trees or plants, or grub them out , you dig them out of the ground, usually because they are no longer wanted.

- Farmers are grubbing up ancient varieties of crops.

- One by one, orchards were grubbed up.

PHR-V

grubby

[D.J.:ˈɡrʌbi]

[K.K.:ˈɡrʌbi]

adj.

肮脏的, 不洁的

grubby *

1. grubby grubbier grubbiest
A grubby person or object is rather dirty.

- His white coat was grubby and stained.

- ...kids with grubby faces.

ADJ-GRADED
= grimy

2. grubby grubbier grubbiest
If you call an activity or someone's behaviour grubby , you mean that it is not completely honest or respectable.

- ...the grubby business of politics.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

grubby

adjective Slang

dirty

filthy

grimy

messy

mucky

scruffy

seedy

shabby

sordid

squalid

unwashed

grudge

[D.J.:ɡrʌdʒ]

[K.K.:ɡrʌdʒ]

n.

不满, 怨恨, 妒忌

vt.

勉强给(或允许), 不情愿做

grudge *

grudge grudges
If you have or bear a grudge against someone, you have unfriendly feelings towards them because of something they did in the past.

- He appears to have a grudge against certain players.

- There is no doubt it was an accident and I bear no grudges.

N-COUNT: oft N against n

grudge

verb

1.

resent

begrudge

complain

covet

envy

mind

noun

2.

resentment

animosity

antipathy

bitterness

dislike

enmity

grievance

rancour

grudge match

grudge match grudge matches
You can call a contest between two people or groups a grudge match when they dislike each other.

- This is something of a grudge match against a long-term enemy.

N-COUNT

grudging

[D.J.:ˈgrʌdʒɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡrʌdʒɪŋ]

adj.

不情愿的;勉强的

grudgingly

adv.

grudging *

1. grudging
A grudging feeling or action is felt or done very unwillingly.

- He even earned his opponents' grudging respect.

- There seems to be a grudging acceptance of the situation.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= reluctant

2. grudgingly

- The film studio grudgingly agreed to allow him to continue working.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= reluctantly

gruel

[D.J.:ˈgru:əl]

[K.K.:ˈɡruəl]

n.

粥,稀饭

gruel

gruel
Gruel is a food made by boiling oats with water or milk.
N-UNCOUNT

gruelling

[D.J.:ˈgru:əlɪŋ, ˈgru:lɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡruəlɪŋ, ˈɡrulɪŋ]

adj.

紧张的,激烈的;使极度疲劳的

gruellingly

adv.

紧张地,激烈地

gruellingly

adv.

紧张地，激烈地

gruelling *

gruelling
A gruelling activity is extremely difficult and tiring to do.

- He had complained of exhaustion after his gruelling schedule over the past week.

- This flight was more gruelling than I had expected!

ADJ-GRADED (AM) grueling
= exhausting

gruelling

adjective

exhausting

arduous

backbreaking

demanding

laborious

punishing

severe

strenuous

taxing

tiring

gruesome

[D.J.:ˈgru:səm]

[K.K.:ˈɡrusəm]

adj.

可憎的, 可怕的

gruesomely

adv.

可怖地

gruesome *

1. gruesome
Something that is gruesome is extremely unpleasant and shocking.

- There has been a series of gruesome murders in the capital.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= grisly

2. gruesomely

- He has spent periods in prison, where he was gruesomely tortured.

- ...a gruesomely compelling series of interviews.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

gruesome

adjective

horrific

ghastly

grim

grisly

horrible

macabre

shocking

terrible

gruff

[D.J.:grʌf]

[K.K.:ɡrʌf]

adj.

(声音)粗哑的;生硬的

(人的行为)冷淡的;态度生硬的

gruffly

adv.

粗暴地,粗声地

gruff

1. gruff
A gruff voice sounds low and rough.

- He picked up the phone expecting to hear the chairman's gruff voice.

ADJ-GRADED

2. gruffly

- `Well, never mind now,' he said gruffly and turned to Robbie.

ADV-GRADED

3. gruff
If you describe someone as gruff , you mean that they seem rather unfriendly or bad-tempered.

- His gruff exterior concealed one of the kindest hearts.

ADJ-GRADED

gruff

adjective

1.

surly

bad-tempered

brusque

churlish

grumpy

rough

rude

sullen

ungracious

2.

hoarse

croaking

guttural

harsh

husky

low

rasping

rough

throaty

grumble

[D.J.:ˈɡrʌmbl]

[K.K.:ˈɡrʌmbəl]

vi.

抱怨, 发牢骚

咕哝, 发哼声

n.

抱怨, 牢骚

咕哝, 隆隆声

grumbling

[ˈɡrʌmbliŋ]

adj.

喃喃鸣不平的,出怨言的

grumble *

1. grumble grumbles grumbling grumbled
If someone grumbles , they complain about something in a bad-tempered way.

- I shouldn't grumble about Mum -- she's lovely really.

- Taft grumbled that the law so favored the criminal that trials seemed like a game of chance.

- `This is inconvenient,' he grumbled.

- It's simply not in her nature to grumble.

VB
= moan whinge

2. grumble grumbles
Also a noun.

- My grumble is with the structure and organisation of the material.

N-COUNT

3. grumbling grumblings

- There have been grumblings about the party leader.

N-VAR

4. grumble grumbles grumbling grumbled
If something grumbles , it makes a low continuous sound. (LITERARY)

- It was quiet now, the thunder had grumbled away to the west.

- The dogs made a noise, a rough, grumbling sound.

VB
= rumble

5. grumble
Also a noun.

- One could often hear, far to the east, the grumble of guns.

N-SING: usu N of n

grumble

verb

1.

complain

bleat

carp

gripe informal

grouch informal

grouse

moan

whine

whinge informal

2.

rumble

growl

gurgle

murmur

mutter

roar

noun

3.

complaint

grievance

gripe informal

grouch informal

grouse

moan

objection

protest

4.

rumble

growl

gurgle

murmur

muttering

roar

grumpily

adv.

性情乖戾地,脾气粗暴地

grumpy

[D.J.:ˈgrʌmpi:]

[K.K.:ˈɡrʌmpi]

adj.

脾气坏的,生气的

grumpily

adv.

生气地

grumpy *

1. grumpy grumpier grumpiest
If you say that someone is grumpy , you mean that they are bad-tempered and miserable.

- Some folk think I'm a grumpy old man.

ADJ-GRADED

2. grumpily

- `I know, I know,' said Ken, grumpily, without looking up.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

grumpy

adjective

irritable

cantankerous

crotchety informal

ill-tempered

peevish

sulky

sullen

surly

testy

grunge

[D.J.:ɡrʌndʒ]

[K.K.:ɡrʌndʒ]

n.

〈美俚〉蹩脚货,难看的东西,乏味的东西

grungy

[D.J.:ˈɡrʌndʒi]

[K.K.:ˈɡrʌndʒi]

adj.

〈美俚〉蹩脚的,低劣的,丑的,脏的,邋遢的

grunge **

1. grunge
Grunge is the name of a fashion and of a type of music. Grunge fashion involves wearing clothes which look old and untidy. Grunge music is played on guitars and is very loud.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. grunge
Grunge is dirt. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

3. grungy

- ...grungy motel rooms.

ADJ-GRADED

grunt

[D.J.:ɡrʌnt]

[K.K.:ɡrʌnt]

vi.

(猪等)作呼噜声

(指人)发出类似的哼声

vt.

咕哝着说

n.

(猪等的)呼噜声, (不满等的)嘟哝声, 哼哼声

grunting

[ˈɡrʌntiŋ]

adj.

咕哝的,呼噜的

grunt *

1. grunt grunts grunting grunted
If you grunt , you make a low sound, especially because you are annoyed or not interested in something.

- The driver grunted, convinced that Michael was crazy.

- `Rubbish,' I grunted.

- He grunted his thanks.

VB

2. grunt grunts
Also a noun.

- Their replies were no more than grunts of acknowledgement.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

3. grunt grunts grunting grunted
When an animal grunts , it makes a low rough noise.

- ...the sound of a pig grunting.

VB

G-string

[D.J.:ˈdʒi:striŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdʒiˌstrɪŋ]

n.

(小提琴的)G弦,遮羞布

G-string

G-string G-strings
A G-string is a narrow band of cloth that is worn between a person's legs to cover his or her sexual organs, and that is held up by a narrow string round the waist.
N-COUNT

guacamole

[D.J.:ˌɡwɑ:kəˈməulei]

[K.K.:ˌɡwɑkəˈmoli]

n.

①鳄梨酱②鳄梨色拉

guacamole

guacamole
Guacamole is a cold food from Mexico made of crushed avocados and other ingredients such as tomatoes and chillis.
N-UNCOUNT

guano

[D.J.:ˈɡwɑ:nəu]

[K.K.:ˈɡwɑno]

n.

海鸟粪,人造(或天然)肥料(尤指鱼肥),鱼肥料

vt.

在…上施鸟粪或肥料

guano

guano
Guano is the faeces of sea birds and bats. It is used as a fertilizer.
N-UNCOUNT

guarantee

[D.J.:ˌɡærənˈti:]

[K.K.:ˌɡærənˈti]

vt.

保证; 担保

使(事情)可能发生

n.

保证, 保障; 保证书; 保用期

担保, 担保人

担保品, 抵押品

guarantee ****

1. guarantee guarantees guaranteeing guaranteed
If one thing guarantees another, the first is certain to cause the second thing to happen.

- Surplus resources alone do not guarantee growth.

- ...a man whose fame guarantees that his calls will nearly always be returned.

VB

2. guarantee guarantees
Something that is a guarantee of something else makes it certain that it will happen or that it is true.

- A famous old name on a firm is not necessarily a guarantee of quality.

- There is still no guarantee that a formula could be found.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, N that

3. guarantee guarantees guaranteeing guaranteed
If you guarantee something, you promise that it will definitely happen, or that you will do or provide it for someone.

- Most states guarantee the right to free and adequate education.

- All students are guaranteed campus accommodation for their first year.

- We guarantee that you will find a community with which to socialise.

- We guarantee to refund your money if you are not delighted with your purchase.

- ...a guaranteed income of £3.6 million.

VB

4. guarantee guarantees
Also a noun.

- The Editor can give no guarantee that they will fulfil their obligations.

- California's state Constitution includes a guarantee of privacy.

N-COUNT: oft N that, N of n

5. guarantee guarantees
A guarantee is a written promise by a company to replace or repair a product free of charge if it has any faults within a particular time.

- Whatever a guarantee says, when something goes wrong, you can still claim your rights from the shop.

- It was still under guarantee.

N-COUNT: also under N

6. guarantee guarantees guaranteeing guaranteed
If a company guarantees its product or work, they provide a guarantee for it.

- Some builders guarantee their work.

- All Dreamland's electric blankets are guaranteed for three years.

- ... parts of guaranteed quality.

VB

7. guarantee guarantees
A guarantee is money or something valuable which you give to someone to show that you will do what you have promised.

- Males between 18 and 20 had to leave a deposit as a guarantee of returning to do their military service.

N-COUNT: usu N of n/-ing

guaranteed **

guaranteed
If you say that something is guaranteed to happen, you mean that you are certain that it will happen.

- Reports of this kind are guaranteed to cause anxiety.

- It's guaranteed that my colleagues think I'm deranged.

- Success is not guaranteed.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to-inf, it v-link ADJ that
See also guarantee .

guarantee

noun

1.

assurance

bond

certainty

pledge

promise

security

surety

warranty

word of honour

verb

2.

make certain

assure

certify

ensure

pledge

promise

secure

vouch for

warrant

guarantor

[D.J.:ˌɡærənˈtɔ:,ɡəˈræntɔ:]

[K.K.:ˌɡærənˈtɔr, ˈɡærəntɚ]

n.

保证人

guarantor

guarantor guarantors
A guarantor is a person who gives a guarantee or who is bound by one. (LEGAL)
N-COUNT

guard

[D.J.:ɡɑ:d]

[K.K.:ɡɑrd]

vt. & vi.

保护; 控制

n.

警戒, 警惕, 守卫

卫兵

警卫队

防御姿势

防护装置

guarded

[D.J.:ˈgɑ:dɪd]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrdɪd]

adj.

谨慎的;有保留的

guardedly

adv.

guardedly

adv.

被保护着地

guarding

[ˈɡɑ:diŋ]

adj.

保护的,监护的

guards

粘插图纸条

guard ****

1. guard guards guarding guarded
If you guard a place, person, or object, you stand near them in order to watch and protect them.

- Gunmen guarded homes near the cemetery with shotguns.

- The public was kept out of the heavily guarded courtroom during the 20-minute hearing.

VB

2. guard guards guarding guarded
If you guard someone, you watch them and keep them in a particular place to stop them from escaping.

- Marines with rifles guarded them.

- He is being guarded by a platoon of police.

VB

3. guard guards
A guard is someone such as a soldier, police officer, or prison officer who is guarding a particular place or person.

- The prisoners overpowered their guards and locked them in a cell.

N-COUNT

4. guard
A guard is a specially organized group of people, such as soldiers or policemen, who protect or watch someone or something.

- We have a security guard around the whole area.

- A heavily armed guard of police have sealed off the city centre.

N-SING-COLL

5. guard guards
On a train, a guard is a person whose job is to travel on the train in order to help passengers, check tickets, and make sure that the train travels safely and on time. (BRIT; in AM use conductor )
N-COUNT

6. guard guards guarding guarded
If you guard some information or advantage that you have, you try to protect it or keep it for yourself.

- He closely guarded her identity.

- ...a threat to the country's jealously guarded unity.

VB

7. guard guards
A guard is a protective device which covers a part of someone's body or a dangerous part of a piece of equipment.

- ...the chin guard of my helmet...

- A blade guard is fitted to protect the operator.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

8. guard
Some regiments in the British Army, or the soldiers in them, are referred to as Guards .

- ...the Grenadier Guards.

N-IN-NAMES

9. guard
If someone catches you off guard , they surprise you by doing something you do not expect. If something catches you off guard , it surprises you by happening when you are not expecting it.

- Charm the audience and catch them off guard.

- The invitation had caught me off guard.

PHR: V inflects

10. guard
If you lower your guard , let your guard down or drop your guard , you relax when you should be careful and alert, often with unpleasant consequences.

- The ANC could not afford to lower its guard until everything had been carried out.

- You can't let your guard down.

- It takes me a long time to drop my guard and get close to people.

PHR: V inflects

11. guard
If you mount guard or if you mount a guard , you organize people to watch or protect a person or place.

- They've even mounted guard outside the main hotel in the capital.

- Police mounted round-the-clock guards on properties last night.

PHR: V and N inflect

12. guard
If you are on your guard or on guard , you are being very careful because you think a situation might become difficult or dangerous.

- The police have questioned him thoroughly, and he'll be on his guard.

- He is constantly on guard against any threat of humiliation.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

13. guard
If someone is on guard , they are on duty and responsible for guarding a particular place or person.

- Police were on guard at Barnet town hall.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

14. guard
If you stand guard , you stand near a particular person or place because you are responsible for watching or protecting them.

- One young policeman stood guard outside the locked embassy gates.

PHR: V inflects

15. guard
If someone is under guard , they are being guarded.

- Three men were arrested and one was under guard in hospital.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

guarded

1. guarded
If you describe someone as guarded , you mean that they are careful not to show their feelings or give away information.

- The boy gave him a guarded look.

- In the office, Dr. Lahey seemed less guarded, more relaxed.

ADJ-GRADED
= cagey cautious

2. guardedly

- `I am happy, so far,' he says guardedly.

- They are guardedly optimistic that the market is on the road to recovery.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, ADV adj, also ADV with cl

guard

verb

1.

watch over

defend

mind

preserve

protect

safeguard

secure

shield

noun

2.

protector

custodian

defender

lookout

picket

sentinel

sentry

warder

watch

watchman

3.

protection

buffer

defence

safeguard

screen

security

shield

off guard

4.

unprepared

napping

unready

unwary

on guard

5.

prepared

alert

cautious

circumspect

on the alert

on the lookout

ready

vigilant

wary

watchful

guarded

adjective

cautious

cagey informal

careful

circumspect

noncommittal

prudent

reserved

reticent

suspicious

wary

guard against ****

guard against guards against; guarding against; guarded against
If you guard against something, you are careful to prevent it from happening, or to avoid being affected by it.

- The armed forces were on high alert to guard against any retaliation.

PHR-V

guard dog

guard dog guard dogs
A guard dog is a fierce dog that has been specially trained to protect a particular place.
N-COUNT

guardian

[D.J.:ˈɡɑ:diən]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrdiən]

n.

监护人

保护者, 维护者

guardian **

1. guardian guardians
A guardian is someone who has been legally appointed to look after the affairs of another person, for example a child or someone who is mentally ill.
N-COUNT: usu with poss

2. guardian guardians
The guardian of something is someone who defends and protects it.

- The National Party is lifting its profile as socially conservative guardian of traditional values.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

guardian

noun

keeper

champion

curator

custodian

defender

guard

protector

warden

guardian angel

guardian angel guardian angels
A guardian angel is a spirit who is believed to protect and guide a particular person.
N-COUNT

guardianship

[ˈɡɑ:djənʃip]

n.

保护,守护,监护人的职责

guardianship

guardianship
Guardianship is the position of being a guardian.

- ...depriving mothers of the guardianship of their children.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

guard of honour

guard of honour guards of honour
A guard of honour is an official parade of troops, usually to celebrate or honour a special occasion, such as the visit of a head of state. (BRIT; in AM use honor guard )
N-COUNT

guardrail

[D.J.:ˈɡɑ:dreil]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrdˌrel]

n.

栏杆,护轨

guardrail

guardrail guardrails
A guardrail is a railing that is placed along the edge of something such as a staircase, path, or boat, so that people can hold onto it or so that they do not fall over the edge.
N-COUNT also guard rail .

guardsman

[D.J.:ˈɡɑ:dzmən]

[K.K.:ˈɡɑrdzmən]

n.

卫兵,近卫兵,州辖预备役部队成员

guardsman *

1. guardsman guardsmen
In Britain, a guardsman is a soldier who is a member of one of the regiments of Guards.
N-COUNT also Guardsman .

2. guardsman guardsmen
In the United States, a guardsman is a soldier who is a member of the National Guard.
N-COUNT also Guardsman .

guard's van

guard's van guard's vans
The guard's van of a train is a small carriage or part of a carriage in which the guard travels. (BRIT)
N-COUNT
= brake van

guava

[D.J.:ˈɡwɑ:və]

[K.K.:ˈɡwɑvə]

n.

番石榴

guava

guava guavas
A guava is a round yellow tropical fruit with pink or white flesh and hard seeds.
N-VAR

gubernatorial

[D.J.:ˌɡju:bənəūtɔ:riəl]

[K.K.:ˌɡubənəˈtɔriəl, -ˈtor-, ˌɡju-]

adj.

统治者的,地方长官的,州长的,总督的

gubernatorial

gubernatorial
Gubernatorial means relating to or connected with the post of governor.

- ...a well-known Dallas lawyer and former Texas gubernatorial candidate.

ADJ: ADJ n

guerrilla

[D.J.:ɡəˈrilə]

[K.K.:ɡəˈrɪlə]

n.

游击队员

guerrilla ***

guerrilla guerrillas
A guerrilla is someone who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an official army or police force.

- The guerrillas threatened to kill their hostages.

- ...a guerrilla war.

N-COUNT: oft N n also guerilla .

guerrilla

noun

freedom fighter

partisan

underground fighter

guess

[D.J.:ɡes]

[K.K.:ɡɛs]

vt. & vi.

猜

vt.

猜对, 猜中

想, 以为

n.

猜测, 估计, 猜想

guess ****

1. guess guesses guessing guessed
If you guess something, you give an answer or provide an opinion which may not be true because you do not have definite knowledge about the matter concerned.

- The suit was faultless: Wood guessed that he was a very successful publisher or a banker.

- You can only guess at what mental suffering they endure.

- Paula reached for her camera, guessed distance and exposure, and shot two frames.

- Guess what I did for the whole of the first week.

- If she guessed wrong, it meant twice as many meetings the following week.

VB

2. guess guesses guessing guessed
If you guess that something is the case, you correctly form the opinion that it is the case, although you do not have definite knowledge about it.

- By now you will have guessed that I'm back in Ireland.

- As you've probably guessed, the problem was electrical.

- He should have guessed what would happen.

- Someone might have guessed our secret and passed it on.

VB

3. guess guesses
A guess is an attempt to give an answer or provide an opinion which may not be true because you do not have definite knowledge about the matter concerned.

- My guess is that the chance that these vaccines will work is zero.

- He'd taken her pulse and made a guess at her blood pressure.

- Well, we can hazard a guess at the answer.

N-COUNT: oft N that, N at n, N as to n/wh

4. guess
If you say that something is anyone's guess or anybody's guess , you mean that no-one can be certain about what is really true. (INFORMAL)

- Just when this will happen is anyone's guess.

- It's anybody's guess what happened.

PHR: v-link PHR

5. guess
You say at a guess to indicate that what you are saying is only an estimate or what you believe to be true, rather than being a definite fact.

- At a guess he's been dead for two days.

PHR: PHR with cl vagueness

6. guess
You say I guess to show that you are slightly uncertain or reluctant about what you are saying. (INFORMAL, mainly AM)

- I guess she thought that was pretty smart.

- I guess he's right.

- `I think you're being paranoid.' --- `Yeah. I guess so.'

PHR: PHR with cl, PHR so/not vagueness

7. guess
If someone keeps you guessing , they do not tell you what you want to know.

- The author's intention is to keep everyone guessing until the bitter end.

- She was keeping everyone guessing about the latest love in her life.

PHR: V inflects

8. guess
You say guess what to draw attention to something exciting, surprising, or interesting that you are about to say. (INFORMAL)

- Guess what, I just got my first part in a movie.

CONVENTION

guess

verb

1.

estimate

conjecture

hypothesize

predict

speculate

work out

2.

suppose

believe

conjecture

fancy

imagine

judge

reckon

suspect

think

noun

3.

prediction

conjecture

hypothesis

shot in the dark

speculation

supposition

theory

guesstimate

[D.J.:ˈgestəmɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɡɛstəmɪt]

n.

<非正>大概估计;瞎猜的估计

guesstimate

guesstimate guesstimates
A guesstimate is an approximate calculation which is based mainly or entirely on guessing. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= guess

guesswork

[D.J.:ˈgesˌwɜ:k]

[K.K.:ˈɡɛsˌwə..k]

n.

猜想;猜测

guesswork

guesswork
Guesswork is the process of trying to guess or estimate something without knowing all the facts or information.

- The question of who planted the bomb remains a matter of guesswork.

N-UNCOUNT

guesswork

noun

speculation

conjecture

estimation

supposition

surmise

theory

guest

[D.J.:ɡest]

[K.K.:ɡɛst]

n.

客人, 宾客

旅客, 宿客

客串演员

guest ****

1. guest guests
A guest is someone who is visiting you or is at an event because you have invited them.

- She was a guest at the wedding.

- Their guests sipped drinks on the veranda.

N-COUNT

2. guest guests
A guest is someone who visits a place or organization or appears on a radio or television show because they have been invited to do so.

- ...a frequent chat show guest...

- Dr Gerald Jeffers is the guest speaker.

- They met when she made a guest appearance in the hit TV show Minder.

N-COUNT

3. guest guests
A guest is someone who is staying in a hotel.

- I was the only hotel guest.

- Hotels operate a collection service for their guests from the airports.

N-COUNT

4. guest guests guesting guested
To guest means to take part in a performance or a match as a guest, rather than as a regular member. (mainly BRIT)

- He guested for one or two League sides.

- The band have recently guested on records by Ringo Starr and Tears For Fears.

VB

5. guest
If you say be my guest to someone, you are giving them permission to do something.

- If anybody wants to work on this, be my guest.

CONVENTION

guest

noun

visitor

boarder

caller

company

lodger

visitant

guest book

guest book guest books
A guest book is a book in which guests write their names and addresses when they have been staying in someone's house or in a hotel.
N-COUNT

guest house *

1. guest house guest houses
A guest house is a small hotel. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also guesthouse .

2. guest house guest houses
A guest house is a small house in the grounds of a large house, where visitors can stay. (AM)
N-COUNT also guesthouse .

guest of honour

guest of honour guests of honour
If you say that someone is the guest of honour at a dinner or other social occasion, you mean that they are the most important guest.
N-COUNT: usu sing (AM) guest of honor

guest room

guest room guest rooms
A guest room is a bedroom in a house or hotel for visitors or guests to sleep in.
N-COUNT

guest worker

guest worker guest workers
A guest worker is a person, especially one from a poor country, who lives and works in a different country for a period.
N-COUNT

guff

[D.J.:ɡʌf]

[K.K.:ɡʌf]

n.

〈美俚〉胡说,瞎扯,废话

guff

guff
If you say that what someone has said or written is guff , you think that it is nonsense. (INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT disapproval

guffaw

[D.J.:gəˈfɔ:]

[K.K.:ɡəˈfɔ]

n.

大笑,狂笑

vi.

大笑,狂笑

guffaw

1. guffaw guffaws
A guffaw is a very loud laugh. (mainly WRITTEN)

- He bursts into a loud guffaw.

N-COUNT

2. guffaw guffaws guffawing guffawed
To guffaw means to laugh loudly. (mainly WRITTEN)

- As they guffawed loudly, the ticket collector arrived.

- `Ha, ha,' everyone guffawed. `It's one of Viv's shock tactics.'

VB

guidance

[D.J.:ˈɡaidəns]

[K.K.:ˈɡaɪdns]

n.

指导, 引导

导航

guidance **

guidance
Guidance is help and advice.

- ...an opportunity for young people to improve their performance under the guidance of professional coaches...

- The nation looks to them for guidance.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n, supp N

guidance

noun

advice

counselling

direction

help

instruction

leadership

management

teaching

guidance counselor

guidance counselor guidance counselors
A guidance counselor is a person who works in a school giving students advice about careers and personal problems. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT (BRIT) guidance counsellor

guidance system

guidance system
The guidance system of a missile or rocket is the device which controls its course.

- The guidance systems didn't work and the missile couldn't hit its target.

N-COUNT

guide

[D.J.:ɡaid]

[K.K.:ɡaɪd]

vt.

引路; 指导

操纵, 驾驶

影响, 支配

n.

指导者

向导, 导游

有指导意义的事物

guided

制导的

guides

导架

guiding

[ˈɡaidiŋ]

n.

导向;定向

guide ****

1. guide guides
A guide is a book that gives you information or instructions to help you do or understand something.

- Our 10-page guide will help you to change your life for the better.

- ...the Pocket Guide to Butterflies of Britain and Europe.

N-COUNT: oft in names

2. guide guides
A guide is a book that gives tourists information about a town, area, or country.

- The Rough Guide to Paris lists accommodation for as little as £25 a night.

N-COUNT: oft in names
= guidebook

3. guide guides
A guide is someone who shows tourists around places such as museums or cities.

- We've arranged a walking tour of the city with your guide.

N-COUNT

4. guide guides guiding guided
If you guide someone around a city, museum, or building, you show it to them and explain points of interest.

- ...a young Egyptologist who guided us through tombs and temples with enthusiasm...

- There will be guided walks around the site.

VB
See also guided tour .

5. guide guides
A guide is someone who shows people the way to a place in a difficult or dangerous region.

- The mountain people say that, with guides, the journey can be done in fourteen days.

N-COUNT

6. guide guides
A guide is something that can be used to help you plan your actions or to form an opinion about something.

- As a rough guide, a horse needs 2.5 per cent of his body weight in food every day.

- When selecting fresh fish, let your taste buds be your guide.

N-COUNT: usu sing

7. guide guides guiding guided
If you guide someone somewhere, you go there with them in order to show them the way.

- He took the bewildered Elliott by the arm and guided him out.

- Khandoo guided me through the dark alleys until the smell told me we had arrived.

VB
= lead

8. guide guides guiding guided
If you guide a vehicle somewhere, you control it carefully to make sure that it goes in the right direction.

- Captain Shelton guided his plane down the runway and took off.

VB

9. guide guides guiding guided
If something guides you somewhere, it gives you the information you need in order to go in the right direction.

- They sailed across the Baltic and North Seas with only a compass to guide them.

VB

10. guide guides guiding guided
If something or someone guides you, they influence your actions or decisions.

- He should have let his instinct guide him.

- Development has been guided by a concern for the ecology of the area.

- My mother, whose guiding principle in life was doing right, had a far greater influence on me.

VB

11. guide guides guiding guided
If you guide someone through something that is difficult to understand or to achieve, you help them to understand it or to achieve success in it.

- A free helpline to guide businessmen through the maze of government and EC grants has been set up in Glasgow.

- The 42-year-old Scot has guided the team to victory in three of their last five games.

VB

guide

noun

1.

escort

adviser

conductor

counsellor

leader

mentor

teacher

usher

2.

model

example

ideal

inspiration

paradigm

standard

3.

pointer

beacon

guiding light

landmark

lodestar

marker

sign

signpost

4.

guidebook

Baedeker

catalogue

directory

handbook

instructions

key

manual

verb

5.

lead

accompany

conduct

direct

escort

shepherd

show the way

usher

6.

steer

command

control

direct

handle

manage

manoeuvre

7.

supervise

advise

counsel

influence

instruct

oversee

superintend

teach

train

Guide

1. Guide
In Britain, the Guides is an organization for girls which teaches them to become practical and independent. The Guides used to be called the Girl Guides. In the United States, there is a similar organization called the Girl Scouts .
N-PROPER-COLL: the N

2. Guide Guides
In Britain, a Guide is a girl who is a member of the Guides.
N-COUNT

guidebook

[D.J.:ˈɡaidbuk]

[K.K.:ˈɡaɪdˌbʊk]

n.

旅行指南

guidebook

1. guidebook guidebooks
A guidebook is a book that gives tourists information about a town, area, or country.
N-COUNT also guide book .
= guide

2. guidebook guidebooks
A guidebook is a book that gives you information or instructions to help you do or understand something.

- In 1987 Congressional Quarterly published a series of guidebooks to American politics.

N-COUNT also guide book .
= guide

guided missile

guided missile guided missiles
A guided missile is a missile whose direction can be controlled while it is in the air.
N-COUNT

guide dog

guide dog guide dogs
A guide dog is a dog that has been trained to lead a blind person. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use seeing-eye dog )
N-COUNT

guided tour

guided tour guided tours
If someone takes you on a guided tour of a place, they show you the place and tell you about it.
N-COUNT: oft N of n

guided writing

guided writing.
In language teaching, when students do guided writing activities, they are given an outline in words or pictures to help them write.

- ...some guided writing tasks.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

guideline

[D.J.:ˈɡaidlain]

[K.K.:ˈɡaɪdˌlaɪn]

n.

指导方针, 准则

guidelines

n.

指导方针

guideline **

1. guideline guidelines
If an organization issues guidelines on something, it issues official advice about how to do it.

- The government should issue clear guidelines on the content of religious education.

- The accord also lays down guidelines for the conduct of American drug enforcement agents.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. guideline guidelines
A guideline is something that can be used to help you plan your actions or to form an opinion about something.

- The effects of the sun can be significantly reduced if we follow certain guidelines.

- A written IQ test is merely a guideline.

N-COUNT

guild

[D.J.:ɡild]

[K.K.:ɡɪld]

n.

行会, 同业公会, 协会

guild **

guild guilds
A guild is an organization of people who do the same job.

- ...the Writers' Guild of America.

N-COUNT: oft in names, N of n

guild

noun

society

association

brotherhood

club

company

corporation

fellowship

fraternity

league

lodge

order

organization

union

guilder

[D.J.:ˈɡildə]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪldɚ]

n.

盾(荷兰货币单位)

guilder

1. guilder guilders
A guilder is a unit of money that is used in the Netherlands.
N-COUNT: num N

2. guilder
The guilder is also used to refer to the Dutch currency system.

- During last year's turmoil in the foreign-exchange markets, when even the franc was shaken, the guilder remained unperturbed.

N-SING: the N

guildhall

[D.J.:ˈɡildˌhɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪldˌhɔl]

n.

同业公会集会所,市府,〈英〉市政厅

guildhall *

guildhall guildhalls
In Britain, a guildhall is a building near the centre of a town where members of a guild used to meet in former times.
N-COUNT

guile

[D.J.:gaɪl]

[K.K.:ɡaɪl]

n.

奸猾,狡诈

背信弃义,欺骗

guileless

adj.

guileless

[D.J.:ˈ gaɪllɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɡaɪllɪs]

adj.

不狡猾的;诚实的

guile

guile
Guile is the quality of being good at deceiving people in a clever way. (WRITTEN)

- His cunning and guile were not attributes I would ever underestimate.

- I love children's innocence and lack of guile.

N-UNCOUNT

guile

noun

cunning

artifice

cleverness

craft

deceit

slyness

trickery

wiliness

guileless

guileless
If you describe someone as guileless , you mean that they behave openly and truthfully and do not try to deceive people. (WRITTEN)

- Daphne was so guileless that Claire had no option but to believe her.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= straight

guillotine

[D.J.:ˈgɪləˌti:n, ˈgi:ə-]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪləˌtin, ˈɡiə-]

n.

断头台

(切纸的)铡刀, 切纸机

(英国议会中)截止辩论以付表决法

vt. & vi.

在断头台上处死

guillotine

1. guillotine guillotines
A guillotine is a device used to execute people, especially in France in the past. A sharp blade was raised up on a frame and dropped onto the person's neck.

- One after the other Danton, Robespierre and the rest went to the guillotine.

N-COUNT: also by N

2. guillotine guillotines guillotining guillotined
If someone is guillotined , they are killed with a guillotine.

- After Marie Antoinette was guillotined, her lips moved in an attempt to speak.

VB: usu passive

3. guillotine guillotines
A guillotine is a device used for cutting paper.
N-COUNT

guilt

[D.J.:gɪlt]

[K.K.:ɡɪlt]

n.

有罪,对罪行有责任

a guilt trip

使人内疚的责备

guilt **

1. guilt
Guilt is an unhappy feeling that you have because you have done something wrong or think that you have done something wrong.

- Her emotions had ranged from anger to guilt in the space of a few seconds.

- Some cancer patients experience strong feelings of guilt.

N-UNCOUNT

2. guilt
Guilt is the fact that you have done something wrong or illegal.

- The trial is concerned only with the determination of guilt according to criminal law.

- You weren't convinced of Mr Matthews' guilt.

N-UNCOUNT

guilt

noun

1.

culpability

blame

guiltiness

misconduct

responsibility

sinfulness

wickedness

wrongdoing

2.

remorse

contrition

guilty conscience

regret

self-reproach

shame

stigma

guilt complex

guilt complex guilt complexes
If you say that someone has a guilt complex about something, you mean that they feel very guilty about it, in a way that you consider is exaggerated, unreasonable, or unnecessary.
N-COUNT disapproval

guilt-ridden

guilt-ridden
If a person is guilt-ridden , they feel very guilty about something.

- The role of home-based mother and writer is much more satisfying than that of guilt-ridden career woman with children.

ADJ-GRADED

guiltily

[ˈɡiltili]

adv.

罪地,有罪地

guilty

[D.J.:ˈɡilti]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪlti]

adj.

内疚的

有罪的

guilty ***

1. guilty guiltier guiltiest
If you feel guilty , you feel unhappy because you think that you have done something wrong or have failed to do something which you should have done.

- I feel so guilty, leaving all this to you.

- When she saw me she looked guilty.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n

2. guiltily

- He glanced guiltily over his shoulder.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. guilty
Guilty is used of an action or fact that you feel guilty about.

- Many may be keeping it a guilty secret.

- I leave with a guilty sense of relief.

ADJ: ADJ n
guilty conscience : see conscience .

4. guilty
If someone is guilty of a crime or offence, they have committed that crime or offence.

- They were found guilty of murder.

- He pleaded guilty to causing actual bodily harm.

ADJ: oft ADJ of n/-ing

5. guilty
If someone is guilty of doing something wrong, they have done that thing.

- He claimed Mr Brooke had been guilty of a `gross error of judgment'.

- They will consider whether or not he has been guilty of serious professional misconduct.

ADJ: oft ADJ of n/-ing

guilty

adjective

1.

responsible

at fault

blameworthy

culpable

reprehensible

sinful

to blame

wrong

2.

remorseful

ashamed

conscience-stricken

contrite

regretful

rueful

shamefaced

sheepish

sorry

guinea

[D.J.:ˈɡini]

[K.K.:ˈɡɪni]

n.

几尼(英国的旧金币,值一镑一先令)

guinea *

guinea guineas
A guinea is an old British unit of money that was worth £1.05. Guineas are still sometimes used, for example in auctions.
N-COUNT

guinea fowl

guinea fowl
A guinea fowl is a large grey African bird that is often eaten as food.
N-COUNT guinea fowl is both the singular and the plural form

guinea pig *

1. guinea pig guinea pigs
If someone is used as a guinea pig in an experiment, something is tested on them that has not been tested on people before.

- Dr Roger Altounyan used himself as a human guinea pig to perfect a treatment which has since saved the lives of countless people.

- Nearly 500,000 pupils are to be guinea pigs in a trial run of the new 14-plus exams.

N-COUNT also guinea-pig .

2. guinea pig guinea pigs
A guinea pig is a small furry animal without a tail. Guinea pigs are often kept as pets.
N-COUNT also guinea-pig .

guise

[D.J.:gaɪz]

[K.K.:ɡaɪz]

n.

外观, 伪装

guise *

guise guises
You use guise to refer to the outward appearance or form of someone or something, which is often temporary or different from their real nature.

- He turned up at a fancy dress Easter dance in the guise of a white rabbit.

- I see myself at different moments of history, in various guises and occupations.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft in/under the N of n

guise

noun

form

appearance

aspect

demeanour

disguise

mode

pretence

semblance

shape

guitar

[D.J.:ɡiˈtɑ:]

[K.K.:ɡɪˈtɑr]

n.

吉他, 六弦琴

guitar ***

guitar guitars
A guitar is a musical instrument with six strings and a long neck. You play the guitar by plucking or strumming the strings.
N-VAR: oft the N

guitarist

[ɡiˈtɑ:rist]

n.

吉他弹奏者

guitarist **

guitarist guitarists
A guitarist is someone who plays the guitar.
N-COUNT

gulag

[D.J.:ɡu:ˈlɑ:ɡ]

[K.K.:ˈɡulɑɡ]

n.

〈俄〉古拉格(集中营)

gulag

gulag gulags
A gulag is a prison camp where conditions are extremely bad and the prisoners are forced to work very hard. The name gulag comes from the prison camps in the former Soviet Union.
N-COUNT

gulch

[D.J.:gʌltʃ]

[K.K.:ɡʌltʃ]

n.

<美>峡谷

gulch

gulch gulches
A gulch is a long narrow valley with steep sides which has been made by a stream flowing through it. (mainly AM)

- ...California Gulch.

N-COUNT: oft in names

gulf

[D.J.:ɡʌlf]

[K.K.:ɡʌlf]

n.

海湾

分歧, 鸿沟

gulf

1. gulf gulfs
A gulf is an important or significant difference between two people, things, or groups.

- Within society, there is a growing gulf between rich and poor.

- ...the gulf between rural and urban life.

N-COUNT: oft N between pl-n

2. gulf gulfs
A gulf is a large area of sea which extends a long way into the surrounding land.

- Hurricane Andrew was last night heading into the Gulf of Mexico.

N-COUNT

gulf

noun

1.

bay

bight

sea inlet

2.

chasm

abyss

gap

opening

rift

separation

split

void

Gulf ***

Gulf
The Gulf is used to refer to the Arabian Gulf, the Persian Gulf and the surrounding countries.

- ...the Gulf crisis...

- Despite the Gulf war, oil continued to flow.

- ...the oil wells of the Gulf.

N-PROPER: the N, oft N n

gull

[D.J.:gʌl]

[K.K.:ɡʌl]

n.

鸥

vt.

欺骗某人

gulls

气球假目标雷达反射器

gull

gull gulls
A gull is a common sea bird.
N-COUNT

gullet

[D.J.:ˈɡʌlit]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌlɪt]

n.

食管, 咽喉

gullet

gullet gullets
Your gullet is the tube which goes from your mouth to your stomach.
N-COUNT

gullibility

n.

易受骗,易上当,轻信

gullible

[D.J.:ˈgʌləbəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌləbəl]

adj.

易受骗的

gullible *

1. gullible
If you describe someone as gullible , you mean they are easily tricked because they are too trusting.

- What point is there in admitting that the stories fed to the gullible public were false?.

- I'm so gullible I would have believed him.

ADJ-GRADED

2. gullibility

- Was she taking part of the blame for her own gullibility?

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

gullibility

noun

credulity

innocence

naîveté

simplicity

gullible

adjective

naive

born yesterday

credulous

innocent

simple

trusting

unsuspecting

wet behind the ears informal

gully

[D.J.:ˈgʌli:]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌli]

n.

溪谷

(雨水冲击而成的)沟渠

gully *

gully gullies
A gully is a long narrow valley with steep sides.

- The bodies of the three climbers were located at the bottom of a steep gully.

N-COUNT also gulley .

gully

noun

channel

ditch

gutter

watercourse

gulp

[D.J.:ɡʌlp]

[K.K.:ɡʌlp]

vt.

狼吞虎咽地吃, 吞咽

大口地吸(气)

vi.

哽住

n.

吞咽

一大口(尤指液体)

gulp *

1. gulp gulps gulping gulped
If you gulp something, you eat or drink it very quickly by swallowing large quantities of it at once.

- She quickly gulped her tea.

VB

2. gulp gulps gulping gulped
If you gulp , you swallow air, often making a noise in your throat as you do so, because you are nervous or excited. (WRITTEN)

- I gulped, and then proceeded to tell her the whole story.

- `I'm sorry,' he gulped.

VB

3. gulp gulps gulping gulped
If you gulp air, you breathe in a large amount of air quickly through your mouth.

- She gulped air into her lungs.

- He slumped back, gulping for air.

VB

4. gulp gulps
A gulp of air, food, or drink, is a large amount of it that you swallow at once.

- I took in a large gulp of air.

- When his whisky came he drank half of it in one gulp.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

gulp

verb

1.

swallow

devour

gobble

guzzle

quaff

swig informal

swill

wolf

2.

gasp

choke

swallow

noun

3.

swallow

draught

mouthful

swig informal

gulp down *

gulp down gulps down; gulping down; gulped down
If you gulp down food or drink, you quickly eat or drink it all by swallowing large quantities of it at once.

- She gulped down a mouthful of coffee.

- He'd gulped it down in one bite.

PHR-V

gum

[D.J.:ɡʌm]

[K.K.:ɡʌm]

n.

牙龈

口香糖

树胶, 胶水

vt. & vi.

胶合

gummed

涂胶的

gums

树胶

gum **

1. gum gums
Gum is a substance, usually tasting of mint, which you chew for a long time but do not swallow.
N-MASS
See also bubblegum , chewing gum .

2. gum gums
Your gums are the areas of firm, pink flesh inside your mouth, which your teeth grow out of.

- The toothbrush gently removes plaque without damaging the gums or causing bleeding.

- ...gum disease.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. gum gums
Gum is a type of glue that is used to stick two pieces of paper together. (mainly BRIT)

- He was holding up a pound note that had been torn in half and stuck together with gum.

N-MASS

4. gummed

- ...gummed labels.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

5. gum
If two things are gummed together, they are stuck together. (BRIT)

- It is a mild infection in which a baby's eyelashes can become gummed together.

ADJ
= stuck

6. gum gums
Gum is a sticky substance which comes from the eucalyptus tree or from various other trees and shrubs.
N-MASS

gum

noun

1.

glue

adhesive

cement

paste

resin

verb

2.

stick

affix

cement

glue

paste

gum up **

gum up gums up; gumming up; gummed up
To gum something up means to stop it working properly or efficiently. (INFORMAL)

- Regulators may gum up an efficient system.

- The house price chain is gummed up.

PHR-V

gumball

[D.J.:ˈɡʌmbɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌmˌbɔl]

n.

警车顶灯

gumball

gumball gumballs
Gumballs are round, brightly coloured balls of chewing gum. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

gumbo

[D.J.:ˈɡʌmbəu]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌmbo]

n.

秋葵,加有秋葵的浓汤,坚硬黏土

gumbo

1. gumbo gumbos
Gumbo is a type of soup or stew from the southern United States. It can be made with meat or fish, and usually contains okra.
N-VAR

2. gumbo
In parts of the United States, gumbo is another name for okra .
N-UNCOUNT
= okra ladies fingers

gumboot

n.

橡胶靴

gumboot

gumboot gumboots
Gumboots are long rubber boots which you wear to keep your feet dry. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT: usu pl
= wellington

gumdrop

[D.J.:ˈgʌmˌdrɔp]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌmˌdrɑp]

n.

软糖，橡皮糖(水果糖的一种)

gumdrop

gumdrop gumdrops
A gumdrop is a chewy sweet which feels like firm rubber and usually tastes of fruit.
N-COUNT
= gum

gummy

[D.J.:ˈɡʌmi]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌmi]

adj.

胶粘的,粘性的,含有树胶的,(脚踝或腿)肿的,〈美俚〉拙劣的,讨厌的

gummy

gummy
Something that is gummy is sticky.

- My eyes are gummy; my mouth is sticky and sour; my fingers seem glued together.

ADJ-GRADED
= sticky

gumption

[D.J.:ˈgʌmpʃən]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌmpʃən]

n.

<口>机智,足智多谋,进取精神

常识

gumption

1. gumption
If someone has gumption , they are able to think what it would be sensible to do in a particular situation, and they do it. (INFORMAL)

- We now find that common sense, or what used to be called gumption, is a thing of the past.

N-UNCOUNT

2. gumption
If someone has the gumption to do something, they are brave enough to do it.

- He suspected that deep down, she admired him for having the gumption to disagree with her.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N to-inf

gumption

noun

resourcefulness

acumen

astuteness

common sense

enterprise

initiative

mother wit

savvy slang

wit(s)

gum tree

gum tree gum trees
A gum tree is a tree such as a eucalyptus that produces gum.
N-COUNT

gun

[D.J.:ɡʌn]

[K.K.:ɡʌn]

n.

枪, 炮

发令枪声, 起跑信号

vt.

开枪, 开炮

vt. & vi.

加大油门

gunned

[ɡʌnd]

adj.

(船等)装有枪炮的

gunning

[D.J.:ˈɡʌniŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌnɪŋ]

n.

射击,用枪打猎,用枪搜索捕杀

guns

枪炮

gun ****

1. gun guns
A gun is a weapon from which bullets or other things are fired.

- He produced a gun and he came into the house.

- The inner-city has guns and crime and drugs and deprivation.

- ...gun control laws.

N-COUNT

2. gun guns
A starting gun is an object like a gun that is used to make a noise to signal the start of a race.

- The starting gun blasted and they were off.

N-COUNT

3. gun guns gunning gunned
To gun an engine or a vehicle means make it start or go faster by pressing on the accelerator pedal. (mainly AM)

- He gunned his engine and drove off.

VB
= rev

4. gun
If you come out with guns blazing or with all guns blazing , you put all your effort and energy into trying to achieve something.

- The company came out with guns blazing.

PHR: PHR after v

5. gun
If you jump the gun , you do something before everyone else or before the proper or right time. (INFORMAL)

- It wasn't due to be released until September 10, but some booksellers have jumped the gun and decided to sell it early.

PHR: V inflects

6. gun
If you stick to your guns , you continue to have your own opinion about something even though other people are trying to tell you that you are wrong. (INFORMAL)

- He should have stuck to his guns and refused to meet her.

PHR: V inflects

gun

noun

firearm

handgun

piece slang

shooter slang

gun down ****

gun down guns down; gunning down; gunned down
If someone is gunned down , they are shot and severely injured or killed.

- He had been gunned down and killed at point-blank range.

PHR-V: usu passive

gun for ****

gun for guns for; gunning for; gunned for
If someone is gunning for you, they are trying to find a way to harm you or cause you trouble. (INFORMAL)

- You knew that they were gunning for you, but did you ever imagine that it would be as bad as this?

PHR-V: only cont

gunboat

[D.J.:ˈɡʌnbəut]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌnˌbot]

n.

炮舰,炮艇

gunboat

gunboat gunboats
A gunboat is a small ship which has several large guns fixed on it.
N-COUNT

gun control

gun control
Gun control refers to the laws that restrict the possession and use of guns.

- France has tight gun-control laws for handguns, but not for hunting rifles.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

gun dog

gun dog gun dogs
A gun dog is a dog that has been trained to work with a hunter or gamekeeper, especially to find and carry back birds or animals that have been shot.
N-COUNT also gundog .

gunfight

[D.J.:ˈgʌnˌfaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌnˌfaɪt]

n.,vi.

(两人之间的)用枪格斗

gunfighter

枪战能手

gunfight

1. gunfight gunfights
A gunfight is a fight between people using guns.
N-COUNT

2. gunfighter

- Eastwood plays retired gunfighter Will Munny.

N-COUNT

gunfire

[D.J.:ˈgʌnˌfaɪə]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌnˌfaɪr]

n.

炮火

枪炮声;炮火声

gunfire *

gunfire
Gunfire is the repeated shooting of guns.

- The sound of gunfire and explosions grew closer.

N-UNCOUNT

gunge

n.

油腻物;脏得让人讨厌的黏性物

gunge

gunge
You use gunge to refer to a soft, sticky substance, especially if it is unpleasant. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He had painted the floors with some kind of black gunge.

N-UNCOUNT

gung ho

gung ho
If you say that someone is gung ho , you mean that they are very enthusiastic or eager to do something, for example to fight in a battle. (INFORMAL)

- I went to war not with this gung-ho attitude but to show the compassionate side.

- Senate Republicans are less gung-ho about tax cuts.

ADJ-GRADED also gung-ho

gunk

[D.J.:ɡʌŋk]

[K.K.:ɡʌŋk]

n.

无特殊形状的一堆,黏性物质

gunk

gunk
You use gunk to refer to any soft sticky substance, especially if it is unpleasant. (INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= gunge

gunman

[D.J.:ˈgʌnmən]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌnmən]

n.

持枪者;持枪歹徒

gunmen

n.

枪手,持枪的歹徒,制造枪械者

gunman **

gunman gunmen
A gunman is a man who uses a gun to commit a crime such as murder or robbery.

- Two policemen were killed when gunmen opened fire on their patrol vehicle.

N-COUNT

gunman

noun

terrorist

bandit

gunslinger U.S. slang

killer

gunner

[D.J.:ˈgʌnə(r)]

[K.K.: ˈɡʌnɚ]

n.

炮手;枪手；射手；炮兵

猎枪手

gunner *

gunner gunners
A gunner is an ordinary soldier in an artillery regiment.
N-COUNT

gunnery

[D.J.:ˈɡʌnəri]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌnəri]

n.

重炮,炮术,射击,射击学,枪炮操作

gunnery

gunnery
Gunnery is the activity of firing large guns. (TECHNICAL, MILITARY)

- During the Second World War the area was used for gunnery practice.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

gunpoint

[D.J.:ˈgʌnˌpɔɪnt]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌnˌpɔɪnt]

n.

枪口

gunpoint *

gunpoint
If you are held at gunpoint , someone is threatening to shoot and kill you if you do not obey them.

- She and her two daughters were held at gunpoint by a gang who burst into their home.

PHR: PHR after v

gunpowder

[D.J.:ˈgʌnˌpaʊdə]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌnˌpaʊdɚ]

n.

火药

gunpowder

gunpowder
Gunpowder is an explosive substance which is used to make fireworks or cause explosions.
N-UNCOUNT

gun-runner

gun-runner gun-runners
A gun-runner is someone who takes or sends guns into a country secretly and illegally.
N-COUNT (AM) gunrunner

gun-running

n.

军火走私

gun-running

gun-running
Gun-running is the activity of taking or sending guns into a country secretly and illegally.
N-UNCOUNT

gunshot

[D.J.:ˈgʌnˌʃɔt]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌnˌʃɑt]

n.

枪炮射击;枪炮声

枪炮的射程

gunshot *

1. gunshot
Gunshot is used to refer to bullets that are fired from a gun.

- They had died of gunshot wounds.

- ...avoiding the volleys of gunshot.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

2. gunshot gunshots
A gunshot is the firing of a gun or the sound of a gun being fired.

- They heard thousands of gunshots.

- A balloon popped, sounding like a gunshot.

N-COUNT

gun-shy

[D.J.:ˈɡʌnʃai]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌnˌʃaɪ]

adj.

怕枪炮声的,风声鹤戾的

gun-shy

gun-shy
If someone is gun-shy , they are nervous or afraid.

- Everyone I talked to in the company seemed a little gun-shy, perhaps fearing that I was yet another snide reporter.

- The electric-power industry is gun-shy about building more large plants.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

gunslinger

[D.J.:ˈgʌnˌslɪŋə]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌnˌslɪŋɚ]

n.

持枪歹徒;枪手

gunslinger

gunslinger gunslingers
A gunslinger is someone, especially a criminal, who uses guns in fighting.
N-COUNT
= gunman

gunsmith

[D.J.:ˈɡʌnsmiθ]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌnˌsmɪθ]

n.

军械工人

gunsmith

gunsmith gunsmiths
A gunsmith is someone who makes and repairs guns.
N-COUNT

guppy

[D.J.:ˈɡʌpi]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌpi]

n.

古比

guppy

guppy guppies
A guppy is a small, brightly-coloured tropical fish.
N-COUNT

gurgle

[D.J.:ˈgɜ:gəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡə..ɡəl]

n.

汩汩声(似水自窄颈瓶内流出的);(尤指婴儿高兴时发出的)咯咯声

vi.

作汩汩声;作咯咯声

gurgling

气过水声;咕噜音

gurgle *

1. gurgle gurgles gurgling gurgled
If water is gurgling , it is making the sound that it makes when it flows quickly and unevenly through a narrow space.

- ...a narrow stone-edged channel along which water gurgles unseen.

VB

2. gurgle gurgles
Also a noun.

- We could hear the swish and gurgle of water against the hull.

N-COUNT

3. gurgle gurgles gurgling gurgled
If someone, especially a baby, is gurgling , they are making a sound in their throat similar to the gurgling of water.

- Henry gurgles happily in his baby chair.

VB

4. gurgle gurgles
Also a noun.

- There was a gurgle of laughter on the other end of the line.

N-COUNT

gurgle

verb

1.

murmur

babble

bubble

lap

plash

purl

ripple

splash

noun

2.

murmur

babble

purl

ripple

gurney

[D.J.:ˈɡə:ni]

[K.K.:ˈɡɚni]

n.

①(医院中推送病人用的)轮床②邮件车

gurney

gurney gurneys
A gurney is a bed on wheels that is used in hospitals for moving sick or injured people. (AM; in BRIT use trolley )
N-COUNT

guru

[D.J.:ˈɡuru:]

[K.K.:ˈɡʊru, ɡʊˈru]

n.

(个人的)宗教老师(或指导),(受下属崇敬的)领袖,头头

guru *

1. guru gurus
A guru is a person who some people regard as an expert or leader.

- Fashion gurus dictate crazy ideas such as squeezing oversized bodies into tight trousers.

N-COUNT: oft n N

2. guru
A guru is a religious and spiritual leader and teacher, especially in Hinduism.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

guru

noun

teacher

authority

leader

master

mentor

sage

Svengali

tutor

gush

[D.J.:ɡʌʃ]

[K.K.:ɡʌʃ]

vi.

喷, 涌

滔滔不绝地说话

n.

涌出; 迸发

gushing

[ˈɡʌʃiŋ]

adj.

迸出的,涌出的,喷出的,过分热情的,易动感情的

gush *

1. gush gushes gushing gushed
When liquid gushes out of something, or when something gushes a liquid, the liquid flows out very quickly and in large quantities.

- Piping-hot water gushed out.

- A supertanker continues to gush oil off the coast of Spain.

V-ERG

2. gush
A gush of liquid is a sudden, rapid flow of liquid, or a quantity of it that suddenly flows out.

- I heard a gush of water.

N-SING: usu N of n

3. gush gushes gushing gushed
If someone gushes , they express their admiration or pleasure in an exaggerated way.

- `Oh, it was brilliant,' he gushes.

- He gushed about his love for his wife.

VB

4. gushing

- He delivered a gushing speech.

ADJ-GRADED

5. gush
You can use gush in expressions such as a gush of enthusiasm to refer to a sudden intense feeling or an expression of a feeling.

- She felt a gush of pure affection for her mother.

- Their initial gush of sympathy gradually dried up.

N-SING: N of n

gush

verb

1.

flow

cascade

flood

pour

run

rush

spout

spurt

stream

2.

enthuse

babble

chatter

effervesce

effuse

overstate

spout

noun

3.

stream

cascade

flood

flow

jet

rush

spout

spurt

torrent

gussy

[D.J.:ˈɡʌsi]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌsi]

n.

装饰,粉饰

gussy up

gussy gussies up; gussying up; gussied up
If someone is gussied up , they are dressed very smartly. If something is gussied up , it is made more interesting or attractive. (INFORMAL) (mainly AM)

- They all got gussied up.

- ...plans to gussy up the venues, offering better food and games arcades.

PHR-V

gust

[D.J.:ɡʌst]

[K.K.:ɡʌst]

n.

一阵强风

(怒、笑等的)爆发

vi.

(风)猛刮

gust *

1. gust gusts
A gust is a short, strong, sudden rush of wind.

- A gust of wind drove down the valley.

- A hurricane-force gust blew off part of a church tower.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. gust gusts gusting gusted
When the wind gusts , it blows with short, strong, sudden rushes.

- The wind gusted again.

- The wind gusted up to 164 miles an hour.

VB

3. gust gusts
If you feel a gust of emotion, you feel the emotion suddenly and intensely.

- ...a small gust of pleasure.

N-COUNT: N of n

gust

noun

1.

blast

blow

breeze

puff

rush

squall

verb

2.

blow

blast

squall

gusto

[D.J.:ˈgʌstəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌsto]

n.

热情,乐趣,津津有味

gusto

gusto
If you do something with gusto , you do it with energetic and enthusiastic enjoyment.

- Hers was a minor part, but she played it with gusto.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with N approval

gusto

noun

relish

delight

enjoyment

enthusiasm

fervour

pleasure

verve

zeal

gusty

[D.J.:ˈɡʌsti]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌsti]

adj.

阵风的,多阵风的,起大风的,迸发的

gusty

gusty
Gusty winds are very strong and irregular.

- Weather forecasts predict more hot weather, gusty winds and lightning strikes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

gut

[D.J.:ɡʌt]

[K.K.:ɡʌt]

n.

勇气, 胆量, 决心

内脏, 肠

消化道的下段; 肠

adj.

本能的, 直觉的

vt.

毁坏(建筑物等)的内部

取出…的内脏

guts

[ɡʌts]

v.

狼吞虎咽,贪婪地吃;飞碟游戏(比赛双方每组5人,相距15码,互相掷接飞碟)

gutted

adj.

容易消化的

gutting

[ˈɡʌtiŋ]

n.

去内脏

gut **

1. gut guts
A person's or animal's guts are all the organs inside them.

- By the time they finish, the crewmen are standing ankle-deep in fish guts.

N-PLURAL

2. gut guts gutting gutted
When someone guts a dead animal or fish, they prepare it for cooking by removing all the organs from inside it.

- It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.

VB

3. gut
The gut is the tube inside the body of a person or animal through which food passes while it is being digested.
N-SING: the /poss N

4. gut
Guts is the will and courage to do something which is difficult or unpleasant, or which might have unpleasant results. (INFORMAL)

- The new Chancellor has the guts to push through unpopular tax increases.

- It takes more guts than I've usually got to go and see him.

N-UNCOUNT

5. gut
A gut feeling is based on instinct or emotion rather than reason.

- Let's have your gut reaction to the facts as we know them.

N-SING: usu N n

6. gut guts
You can refer to someone's stomach as their gut , especially when it is very large and sticks out. (INFORMAL)

- His gut sagged out over his belt.

N-COUNT: usu sing
See also beer gut .

7. gut guts
The guts of something, for example a subject or a machine, are the key elements of it, which make it work. (INFORMAL)

- She has a reputation for getting at the guts of a subject and never pulling her punches.

- The guts of the reactor have to be hauled out of the pressure vessel.

N-PLURAL: N of n

8. gut guts gutting gutted
To gut a building means to destroy the inside of it so that only its outside walls remain.

- Over the weekend, a firebomb gutted a building where 60 people lived.

- A factory stands gutted and deserted.

VB

9. gut
Gut is string made from part of the stomach of an animal. Traditionally, it is used to make the strings of sports rackets or musical instruments such as violins.
N-UNCOUNT

10. gut
To bust a gut means to work very hard trying to achieve something. (INFORMAL)

- You can bust a gut sixteen hours a day, seven days a week, but if your product is lousy, you've wasted your time.

PHR: V inflects

11. gut
If you hate someone's guts , you dislike them very much indeed. (INFORMAL)

- We hate each other's guts.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

12. gut
If someone spills their guts , they tell you everything about something secret or private. (INFORMAL)

- People call in and just spill their guts about whatever's bothering them on the job or in a relationship.

PHR: V inflects

13. gut
If you say that you are working your guts out or slogging your guts out , you are emphasizing that you are working as hard as you can. (INFORMAL)

- Most have worked their guts out and made sacrifices.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

gutted

gutted
If you are gutted , you feel extremely disappointed or depressed about something that has happened. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Birmingham City supporters will be absolutely gutted if he leaves the club.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

gut

noun

1.

paunch

belly

potbelly

spare tyre Brit. slang

guts

2.

intestines

belly

bowels

entrails

innards informal

insides informal

stomach

viscera

courage

audacity

backbone

bottle slang

daring

mettle

nerve

pluck

spirit

verb

3.

disembowel

clean

4.

ravage

clean out

despoil

empty

adjective

gut reaction

5.

instinctive

basic

heartfelt

intuitive

involuntary

natural

spontaneous

unthinking

visceral

gutless

[D.J.:ˈgʌtlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌtlɪs]

adj.

<非正>怯懦的;没胆量的

gutless

gutless
If you describe someone as gutless , you think they have a weak character and lack courage or determination.

- By attacking me, by attacking my wife, he has proved himself to be a gutless coward.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

gutsy

[D.J.:ˈɡʌtsi]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌtsi]

adj.

勇敢的,贪婪的

gutsy

1. gutsy gutsier gutsiest
If you describe someone as gutsy , you mean they show courage or determination. (INFORMAL)

- I've always been drawn to tough, gutsy women.

- They admired his gutsy and emotional speech.

ADJ-GRADED approval

2. gutsy gutsier gutsiest
If you describe something as gutsy , you mean that it is powerful and interesting. (INFORMAL)

- ...the rich, gutsy flavours of mature autumn vegetables...

- `The Commitments' is the gutsy story of a Dublin rock band.

ADJ-GRADED

gutsy

adjective Informal

brave

bold

courageous

determined

gritty

indomitable

plucky

resolute

spirited

gutter

[D.J.:ˈɡʌtə]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌtɚ]

n.

(路边)排水沟, 阴沟

(屋顶的)天沟, 檐槽

贫贱的境地, 贫民窟, 贫穷地区

guttering

n.

用于建排水系统的材料

gutter *

1. gutter gutters
The gutter is the edge of a road next to the pavement, where rain water collects and flows away.

- It is supposed to be washed down the gutter and into the city's vast sewerage system.

N-COUNT: usu the N

2. gutter gutters
A gutter is a plastic or metal channel fixed to the lower edge of the roof of a building, which rain water drains into.

- Did you fix the gutter?

N-COUNT

3. gutter
If someone is in the gutter , they are very poor and live in a very bad way.

- Instead of ending up in jail or in the gutter he was remarkably successful.

N-SING: the N

4. gutter gutters guttering guttered
If a flame gutters , it burns weakly and unsteadily. (LITERARY)

- The flames guttered.

- ...a guttering candle.

VB

guttering

guttering
Guttering consists of the plastic or metal channels fixed to the lower edge of the roof of a building, which rain water drains into.
N-UNCOUNT

gutter

noun

drain

channel

conduit

ditch

sluice

trench

trough

gutter press

gutter press
You can refer to newspapers and magazines which print mainly stories about sex and crime as the gutter press . (BRIT; in AM use scandal sheets )

- The gutter press has held the royals up to ridicule.

N-SING: the N disapproval

guttural

[D.J.:ˈgʌtərəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌtərəl]

adj.

喉的,(声音)刺耳的

(指声音)喉音的

n.

颚音

guttural

guttural
Guttural sounds are harsh sounds that are produced at the back of a person's throat.

- Joe had a low, guttural voice with a mid-Western accent.

ADJ-GRADED

guttural

adjective

throaty

deep

gravelly

gruff

hoarse

husky

rasping

rough

thick

guv

n.

爸爸,老爸(对爸爸的昵称)

guv

guv
Guv is sometimes used to address a man, especially a customer or someone you are doing a service for. (BRIT, INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- Hey, thanks, guv.

N-VOC

guvnor

n.

雇主,老板

guvnor

guvnor
Guvnor is sometimes used to refer to or address a man who is in a position of authority over you, for example your employer or father. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT; N-VOC also guv'nor .

guy

[ɡai]

n.

家伙, 伙计

guy ****

1. guy guys
A guy is a man. (INFORMAL)

- I was working with a guy from Manchester.

N-COUNT
See also wise guy .

2. guy
Americans sometimes address a group of people, whether they are male or female, as guys or you guys . (INFORMAL)

- Hi, guys. How are you doing?.

- Mom wants to know if you guys still have that two-person tent.

N-VOC; N-PLURAL: you N

3. guy guys
A guy is the same as a guy rope .
N-COUNT

4. guy guys
In Britain, a guy is a model of a man that is made from old clothes filled with straw or paper. Guys are burned on bonfires as part of the celebrations for Guy Fawkes Night.
N-COUNT

guy

noun Informal

man

bloke Brit. informal

chap

fellow

lad

person

Guy Fawkes Night

Guy Fawkes Night
In Britain, Guy Fawkes Night is the evening of 5th November, when many people have parties with bonfires and fireworks. It began as a way of remembering the attempt by Guy Fawkes to blow up the Houses of Parliament in 1605. Guy Fawkes Night is often referred to as `Bonfire Night'.
N-UNCOUNT
= Bonfire Night

guy rope

guy rope guy ropes
A guy rope is a rope or wire that has one end fastened to a tent or pole and the other end fixed to the ground, so that it keeps the tent or pole in position.
N-COUNT
= guy

guzzle

[D.J.:ˈgʌzəl]

[K.K.:ˈɡʌzəl]

vt. & vi.

狂吃暴饮,大吃大喝

guzzle

1. guzzle guzzles guzzling guzzled
If you guzzle something, you drink it or eat it quickly and greedily. (INFORMAL)

- Melissa had chain-smoked all evening and guzzled gin and tonics like they were lemonade.

VB

2. guzzle guzzles guzzling guzzled
If you say that a vehicle guzzles fuel, you mean that it uses a lot of it in a way that is wasteful and unnecessary.

- The plane was deafeningly noisy, guzzled fuel, and left a trail of smoke.

VB

3. -guzzling

- The boom of the 1980s led to a taste for petrol-guzzling cars.

- ...big energy-guzzling houses.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n
See also gas guzzler .

guzzle

verb

devour

bolt

cram

drink

gobble

stuff (oneself)

swill

wolf

gym

[D.J.:dʒim]

[K.K.:dʒɪm]

n.

〈非正〉健身房, 体育馆

室内健身操; 体操

gym **

1. gym gyms
A gym is a club, building, or large room, usually containing special equipment, where people go to do physical exercise and get fit.

- While the lads are golfing, I work out in the gym.

- ...the school gym.

N-COUNT

2. gym
Gym is the activity of doing physical exercises in a gym, especially at school. (INFORMAL)

- ...gym classes.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

gymkhana

[D.J.:dʒimˈkɑ:nə]

[K.K.:dʒɪmˈkɑnə]

n.

竞技场,比赛,运动会

gymkhana

gymkhana gymkhanas
A gymkhana is an event in which people ride horses in competition.
N-COUNT

gymnasia

[dʒimˈneiziə]

n.

室内体操场

gymnasium

[D.J.:dʒimˈneiziəm]

[K.K.:dʒɪmˈneziəm]

n.

健身房, 体育馆

gymnasium *

gymnasium gymnasiums or gymnasia
A gymnasium is the same as a gym . (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= gym

gymnast

[D.J.:ˈdʒɪmˌnæst, -nəst]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪmˌnæst, -nəst]

n.

体操家,体操运动员

gymnast

gymnast gymnasts
A gymnast is someone who is trained in gymnastics.
N-COUNT

gymnastics

[D.J.:dʒɪmˈnæstɪks]

[K.K.:dʒɪmˈnæstɪks]

n.

体操;体育

gymnastics *

1. gymnastics
Gymnastics consists of physical exercises that develop your strength, co-ordination, and ease of movement.

- ...the British Amateur Gymnastics Association.

N-UNCOUNT The form gymnastic is used as a modifier

2. gymnastics
Gymnastic is used to describe things relating to gymnastics.

- ...gymnastic exercises.

ADJ: ADJ n The form gymnastic is used as a modifier

3. gymnastics
You can use gymnastics to refer to activities which require skills such as speed and adaptability.

- Hers is the kind of voice that excels at vocal gymnastics.

- They are the only ones whose brains are supple enough for the mental gymnastics required.

N-UNCOUNT: adj N The form gymnastic is used as a modifier

gynaecological

[ˈɡainikəˈlɔdʒikəl]

adj.

妇科学的 妇科的

gynaecologist

[ˌɡainiˈkɔlədʒist]

n.

妇科学家

gynaecology

[ˌdʒainiˈkɔlədʒi]

n.

妇科医学

gynaecology *

1. gynaecology
Gynaecology is the branch of medical science which deals with women's diseases and medical conditions.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) gynecology

2. gynaecologist gynaecologists

- Gynaecologists at Aberdeen Maternity Hospital have successfully used the drug on 60 women.

N-COUNT

3. gynaecological

- Breast examination is a part of a routine gynaecological examination.

ADJ: ADJ n

gypsum

[D.J.:ˈdʒɪpsəm]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪpsəm]

n.

石膏

gypsum

gypsum
Gypsum is a soft white substance which looks like chalk and which is used to make plaster of Paris.
N-UNCOUNT

gypsy

[D.J.:ˈdʒɪpsi:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪpsi]

n.

吉普赛人

gypsyish

adj.

吉普赛人似的

gypsyism

n.

吉普赛人的生活方式〔状况〕

gypsy **

1. gypsy gypsies
A gypsy is a member of a race of people who travel from place to place, usually in caravans, rather than living in one place.
N-COUNT also gipsy .
= Romany

2. gypsy
Also an adjective.

- ...the largest gypsy community of any country.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also gipsy .

gyrate

[D.J.:ˈdʒaɪˌreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈdʒaɪˌret]

vi.

旋转,回旋

gyration

n.

gyratory

adj.

gyration

[D.J.:dʒaɪˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:dʒaɪˈreʃən]

n.

旋转,回旋

gyratory

[D.J.:ˈdʒaiərətəri]

[K.K.:ˈdʒaɪrəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

旋转的

gyrate

1. gyrate gyrates gyrating gyrated
If you gyrate , you dance or move your body quickly with circular movements.

- The woman began to gyrate to the music.

- ...a room stuffed full of gasping, gyrating bodies.

VB

2. gyration gyrations

- Prince continued his enthusiastic gyrations on stage.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. gyrate gyrates gyrating gyrated
To gyrate means to turn round and round in a circle, usually very fast.

- The aeroplane was gyrating about the sky in a most unpleasant fashion.

VB

4. gyrate gyrates gyrating gyrated
If things such as prices or currencies gyrate , they move up and down in a rapid and uncontrolled way. (JOURNALISM)

- Interest rates began to gyrate up towards 20 per cent in 1980 and then down and up again.

VB

5. gyration

- The gyrations of the currency markets show why tougher controls are now needed.

N-COUNT: usu pl, with supp

H

abbr.

hard （铅笔心硬度）硬

hydrogen 氢

h

[eitʃ]

n.

字母h

H, h

1. H, h H's, h's
H is the eighth letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

2. H, h
H or h is an abbreviation for words beginning with h, such as `hour', `height', `hospital', and `hard'.

ha

[D.J.:hɑ:]

[K.K.:hɑ]

int.

(表示惊讶、欢乐、怀疑等)哈;嘿

ha.

abbr.

hectare 公顷

ha.

abbr.

hectare 公顷

ha *

ha
Ha is used in writing to represent a noise that people make to show they are surprised, annoyed, or pleased about something.

- Ha! said Wren. Think I'd trust you?.

- Hah! Just as I suspected.

EXCLAM also hah .
See also ha ha .

ha.

ha.
ha. is a written abbreviation for hectare .

habeas corpus

habeas corpus
Habeas corpus is a law that states that a person cannot be kept in prison unless they have first been brought before a court of law, which decides whether it is legal for them to be kept in prison. (LEGAL)
N-UNCOUNT

haberdasher

[D.J.:ˈhæbədæʃə]

[K.K.:ˈhæbɚˌdæʃɚ]

n.

男子服饰经销商,缝纫用品商人

haberdasher

1. haberdasher haberdashers
A haberdasher or a haberdasher's is a shop where small articles for sewing are sold. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. haberdasher haberdashers
A haberdasher is a shopkeeper who makes and sells men's clothes. (AM; in BRIT use tailor )
N-COUNT

3. haberdasher haberdashers
A haberdasher or a haberdasher's is a shop where men's clothes are sold. (AM; in BRIT use tailor or tailor's )
N-COUNT

haberdashery

[D.J.:ˈhæbəˌdæʃəri:]

[K.K.:ˈhæbɚˌdæʃəri]

n.

男子服饰用品;男子服饰用品店

haberdashery

1. haberdashery
Haberdashery is small articles for sewing, such as buttons, zips, and thread, which are sold in a haberdasher's shop. (BRIT; in AM use notions )
N-UNCOUNT

2. haberdashery
Haberdashery is men's clothing sold in a shop. (AM)
N-UNCOUNT

3. haberdashery haberdasheries
A haberdashery is a shop selling haberdashery.
N-COUNT

habit

[D.J.:ˈhæbit]

[K.K.:ˈhæbɪt]

n.

习惯, 习性

habit ***

1. habit habits
A habit is something that you do often or regularly.

- He has an endearing habit of licking his lips when he's nervous.

- Many people add salt to their food out of habit, without even tasting it first.

- ...a survey on eating habits in the UK.

N-VAR: oft N of -ing

2. habit habits
A habit is an action which is considered bad that someone does repeatedly and finds it difficult to stop doing.

- A good way to break the habit of eating too quickly is to put your knife and fork down after each mouthful.

- After twenty years as a chain smoker Mr Nathe has given up the habit.

N-COUNT: oft N of -ing

3. habit habits
A drug habit is an addiction to a drug such as heroin or cocaine.

- She became a prostitute in order to pay for her cocaine habit.

N-COUNT: supp N

4. habit habits
A habit is a piece of clothing shaped like a long loose dress, which a nun or monk wears.
N-COUNT

5. habit
If you say that someone is a creature of habit , you mean that they usually do the same thing at the same time each day, rather than doing new and different things.
PHR: creature inflects, usu v-link PHR

6. habit
If you are in the habit of doing something, you do it regularly or often. If you get into the habit of doing something, you begin to do it regularly or often.

- They were in the habit of giving two or three dinner parties a month.

- I got into the habit of calling in on Gloria on my way home from work.

PHR: v-link PHR -ing

7. habit
If you make a habit of doing something, you do it regularly or often.

- You can phone me at work as long as you don't make a habit of it.

PHR: V inflects, PHR -ing/n

8. habit
If someone has a particular habit of mind , they usually think in that particular way.

- In accent, mannerism and habit of mind he appeared to be completely Eastern European.

PHR: habit inflects

habit

noun

1.

mannerism

custom

practice

proclivity

propensity

quirk

tendency

way

2.

addiction

dependence

habitable

[D.J.:ˈhæbɪtəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈhæbɪtəbəl]

adj.

适于居住的

habitable

habitable
If a place is habitable , it is good enough for people to live in.

- Making the house habitable was a major undertaking.

ADJ-GRADED

habitat

[D.J.:ˈhæbɪˌtæt]

[K.K.:ˈhæbɪˌtæt]

n.

(动物的)栖息地, 住处

habitat **

habitat habitats
The habitat of an animal or plant is the natural environment in which it normally lives or grows.

- In its natural habitat, the hibiscus will grow up to 25ft.

- Few countries have as rich a diversity of habitat as South Africa.

N-VAR: usu supp N
= home

habitation

[D.J.:ˌhæbɪˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌhæbɪˈteʃən]

n.

居住

住宅,家

habitation

1. habitation
Habitation is the activity of living somewhere. (FORMAL)

- The recent survey found that 20 per cent of private-rented dwellings are unfit for human habitation.

- Signs of habitation appeared and the fields gave way to houses.

N-UNCOUNT

2. habitation habitations
A habitation is a place where people live. (FORMAL)

- Behind the habitations, the sandstone cliffs rose abruptly to the north and west.

N-COUNT

habitation

noun

1.

dwelling

abode

domicile

home

house

living quarters

lodging

quarters

residence

2.

occupancy

inhabitance

occupation

tenancy

habitual

[D.J.:həˈbɪtʃu:əl]

[K.K.:həˈbɪtʃuəl]

adj.

习惯的, 惯常的

habitually

[D.J.:həˈbɪtjʃəlɪ]

[K.K.:həˈbɪtʃʊəlɪ]

adv.

习惯地;惯常地

habitual *

1. habitual
A habitual action, state, or way of behaving is one that someone usually does or has, especially one that is considered to be typical or characteristic of them.

- He soon recovered his habitual geniality.

- If bad posture becomes habitual, you risk long-term effects.

ADJ

2. habitually

- His mother had a patient who habitually flew into rages.

- ...her habitually prim expression.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. habitual
You use habitual to describe someone who usually or often does a particular thing.

- She was a habitual daydreamer.

- Three out of four of them would become habitual criminals if actually sent to jail.

ADJ: ADJ n

habitual

adjective

customary

accustomed

familiar

normal

regular

routine

standard

traditional

usual

habituated

habituated
If you are habituated to something, you have become used to it. (FORMAL)

- People in the area are habituated to the idea of learning from the person above how to do the work.

- More people are habituated to cigarettes than to drugs or alcohol in this country.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to n

habitu´e

habitu´e habitu´es
Someone who is a habitu´e of a particular place often visits that place. (FORMAL)

- Kiki and Man Ray, who lived just down the street, were habitu´es of this bar.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n
= regular

hack

[D.J.:hæk]

[K.K.:hæk]

vt. & vi.

劈, 砍

vt.

狠踢, 乱踢

vi.

咳嗽(发出刺耳声音)

(以普通速度)骑马

驾驶计程车

n.

砍, 劈

用靴头踢

骑用马, 供出租的马

受雇于出版商的文人

出租车, 出租车司机

hacking

[ˈhækiŋ]

n.

(在窑内或窑车上)码砖,堆高砌坯

hack **

1. hack hacks hacking hacked
If you hack something or hack at it, you cut it with strong, rough strokes using a sharp tool such as an axe or knife.

- An armed gang barged onto the train and began hacking and shooting anyone in sight.

- Some were hacked to death with machetes.

- Matthew desperately hacked through the leather.

VB

2. hack away hacks away; hacking away; hacked away
Hack away means the same as hack .

- He started to hack away at the tree bark.

PHR-V

3. hack hacks hacking hacked
If you hack your way through an area such as a jungle or hack a path through it, you move forward, cutting back the trees or plants that are in your way.

- We undertook the task of hacking our way through the jungle.

VB

4. hack hacks hacking hacked
If you hack at or hack something which is too large, too long, or too expensive, you reduce its size, length, or cost by cutting out or getting rid of large parts of it.

- He hacked away at the story, throwing out much of the flashback material and eliminating one character entirely.

VB

5. hack hacks
If you refer to a professional writer, such as a journalist, as a hack , you disapprove of them because they write for money without worrying very much about the quality of their writing.

- ...tabloid hacks, always eager to find victims in order to sell newspapers.

- ...a hack writer of cheap romances.

N-COUNT disapproval

6. hack hacks
If you refer to a politician as a hack , you disapprove of them because they are too loyal to their party and perhaps do not deserve the position they have.

- Far too many party hacks from the old days still hold influential jobs.

N-COUNT: oft supp N disapproval

7. hack hacks hacking hacked
If someone hacks into a computer system, they break into the system, especially in order to get secret information.

- The saboteurs had demanded money in return for revealing how they hacked into the systems.

VB

8. hacking

- ...the common and often illegal art of computer hacking.

N-UNCOUNT

9. hack hacks hacking hacked
If you hack or go hacking , you go out for a ride on horseback. (BRIT)

- The children could be seen hacking across the hillside on their ponies.

VB: oft cont

10. hacking

- Hacking is a major activity in the horse world.

N-UNCOUNT

11. hack hacks
A hack is a ride on horseback. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

12. hack hacks
A hack is a horse which people can hire from a stable to go out riding.
N-COUNT

13. hack
If you say that someone can't hack it or couldn't hack it , you mean that they do not or did not have the qualities needed to do a task or cope with a situation. (INFORMAL)

- You have to be strong and confident and never give the slightest impression that you can't hack it.

- Smith tries to convince them that he can hack it as a police chief.

PHR
= not be up to it

hacking

hacking
A hacking cough is a dry, painful cough with a harsh, unpleasant sound.

- The quiet was broken by Astley's hacking cough.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also hack .

hack

verb

cut

chop

hew

lacerate

mangle

mutilate

slash

hack

noun

1.

scribbler

literary hack

penny-a-liner

2.

horse

crock

nag

hack off **

hack off hacks off; hacking off; hacked off
If you hack something off , you cut it off with strong, rough strokes using a sharp tool such as an axe or knife.

- Kim even hacked off her long hair.

- Surgeons saved a man's arm after it was hacked off at the elbow.

PHR-V

hacker

[D.J.:ˈhækə]

[K.K.:ˈhækɚ]

n.

计算机迷

私自存取或篡改电脑资料者;电脑“黑客”

hacker *

1. hacker hackers
A computer hacker is someone who tries to break into computer systems, especially in order to get secret information.
N-COUNT

2. hacker hackers
A computer hacker is someone who uses a computer a lot, especially so much that they have no time to do anything else.
N-COUNT

hacking jacket

hacking jacket hacking jackets
A hacking jacket is a jacket made of a woollen cloth called tweed. Hacking jackets are often worn by people who go horse riding. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

hackles

[ˈhæklz]

n.

(雄鸡等家禽颈上的)长羽毛；(狗的)颈部的毛

hackles

hackles
If something raises your hackles or makes your hackles rise , it makes you feel angry and hostile.

- Oh boy, this record's going to raise a few hackles.

- You could see her hackles rising as she heard him outline his plan.

PHR: V inflects

hackneyed

[D.J.:ˈhækni:d]

[K.K.:ˈhæknid]

adj.

(词语、引语等)使用过于频繁的,陈腐的,老一套的

hackneyed

hackneyed
If you describe something such as a saying or an image as hackneyed , you think it is no longer likely to interest, amuse or affect people because it has been used, seen, or heard many times before.

- Power corrupts and absolute power absolutely corrupts. That's the old hackneyed phrase, but it's true.

- ...hackneyed postcard snaps of lochs and glens.

ADJ-GRADED

hackneyed

adjective

unoriginal

clich´ed

commonplace

overworked

stale

stereotyped

stock

threadbare

tired

trite

hacksaw

[D.J.:ˈhæksɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈhækˌsɔ]

n.

可锯金属的弓形锯,钢锯

hacksaw

hacksaw hacksaws
A hacksaw is a small saw used for cutting metal.
N-COUNT

had

[D.J.:hæd]

[K.K.:hæd]

have的过去式和过去分词

has

[D.J.:hæz;həz,əz,z]

[K.K.:hæz]

have 的第三人称单数现在式

have

[D.J.:hæv, həv, əv, v]

[K.K.:hæv]

aux.v.

(用以构成完成式及完成式的不定式)

having

[ˈhæviŋ]

n.

所有,持有

had

1. had
Had is the past tense and past participle of have .

2. had
Had is sometimes used instead of `if' to begin a clause which refers to a situation that might have happened but did not. For example, the clause `had he been elected' means the same as `if he had been elected'.

- Had he succeeded, he would have acquired a monopoly.

- Had I known what the problem was, we could have addressed it.

AUX

3. had
If you have been had , someone has tricked you, for example by selling you something at too high a price. (INFORMAL)

- If your customer thinks he's been had, you have to make him happy.

PHR: be inflects

4. had
If you say that someone has had it , you mean they are in very serious trouble or have no hope of succeeding. (INFORMAL)

- Unless she loses some weight, she's had it.

- He wants actors who can speak Welsh. Obviously I've had it.

PHR: AUX inflects

5. had
If you say that you have had it , you mean that you are very tired of something or very annoyed about it, and do not want to continue doing it or it to continue happening. (INFORMAL)

- I've had it. Let's call it a day.

- I've had it with that kind of treatment of Americans.

PHR: AUX inflects

have 1 auxiliary verb uses *****

(In spoken English, forms of have are often shortened, for example I have is shortened to I've and has not is shortened to hasn't .)

1. have ; has ; having had
You use the forms have and has with a past participle to form the present perfect tense of verbs.

- Alex has already gone.

- I've just seen a play that I can highly recommend.

- My term hasn't finished yet.

- What have you found so far?.

- This is something which you might have forgotten.

- Frankie hasn't been feeling well for a long time.

AUX

2. have ; has ; having had
You use the form had with a past participle to form the past perfect tense of verbs.

- When I met her, she had just returned from a job interview.

- By Friday at 5:30 p.m., I still hadn't heard from Lund.

- Miss Windham said she had spoken to them over the weekend.

AUX

3. have ; has ; having had
Have is used in question tags.

- You haven't sent her away, have you?.

- It's happened, hasn't it?.

- They hadn't invented sequencers back in those days, had they?

AUX

4. have ; has ; having had
You use have when you are confirming or contradicting a statement containing `have', `has', or `had', or answering a question.

- `You'd never seen the Marilyn Monroe film?' --- `No I hadn't.'.

- `Have you been to York before?' --- `Yes we have.'

AUX

5. have ; has ; having had
The form having with a past participle can be used to introduce a clause in which you mention an action which had already happened before another action began.

- He arrived in San Francisco, having left New Jersey on January 19th.

- Having been told by his doctor that he was overweight, he's eating all the fibre and fruit he can.

AUX

have 2 used with nouns describing actions *****

( Have is used in combination with a wide range of nouns, where the meaning of the combination is mostly given by the noun.)

1. have ; has ; having had
You can use have followed by a noun to talk about an action or event, when it would be possible to use the same word as a verb. For example, you can say ` I had a look at the photos ' instead of `I looked at the photos.'

- I went out and had a walk around.

- She rested for a while, then had a wash and changed her clothes.

- I'll have a think about that.

- Sit down and have a good cry.

- They were having a long wait for someone to serve them.

VB: no passive

2. have ; has ; having had
In normal spoken or written English, people use have with a wide range of nouns to talk about actions and events, often instead of a more specific verb. For example people are more likely to say ` we had ice cream ' or ` he's had a shock ' than `we ate ice cream', or `he's suffered a shock'.

- Come and have a meal with us tonight.

- We will be having a meeting to decide what to do.

- She had an operation on her knee at the clinic.

- His visit had a great effect on them.

VB: no passive

have 3 other verb uses and phrases *****

(For meanings 1-4, people often use have got in spoken British English or have gotten in spoken American English, instead of have . In this case, have is pronounced as an auxiliary verb. For more information and examples of the use of `have got' and `have gotten', see got .)

1. have ; has ; having had
You use have to say that someone or something owns a particular thing, or when you are mentioning one of their qualities or characteristics.

- Oscar had a new bicycle.

- I want to have my own business.

- She had no job and no money.

- You have beautiful eyes.

- Her house had a balcony.

- Do you have any brothers and sisters?.

- I have a good friend who's a teacher.

- I have no doubt at all in my own mind about this.

- I just had a feeling that it was Santero on the telephone.

- Have you any valuables anywhere else in the house?.

- I have my microphone with me.

VB: no passive

2. have ; has ; having had
If you have something to do, you are responsible for doing it or must do it.

- He had plenty of work to do.

- I have some important calls to make.

VB: no passive

3. have ; has ; having had
You can use have instead of `there is' to say that something exists or happens. For example, you can say ` you have no alternative ' instead of `there is no alternative', or ` he had a good view from his window ' instead of `there was a good view from his window'.

- He had two tenants living with him.

- We haven't any shops on the island.

- First we had clock-radios, now there's the clock-radio-telephone.

- You have a lot of people that are very upset with what happened.

VB: no passive

4. have ; has ; having had
If you have something such as a part of your body in a particular position or state, it is in that position or state.

- Mary had her eyes closed.

- They had the curtains open.

- He had his shirt buttoned.

- As I was working, I had the radio on.

- He had his hand on Maria's shoulder.

VB: no passive

5. have ; has ; having had
If you have something done, someone does it for you or you arrange for it to be done.

- I had your rooms cleaned and aired.

- They had him killed.

- You've had your hair cut, it looks great.

- I don't think most nine-year-olds have their teeth brushed.

VB: no passive

6. have ; has ; having had
If someone has something unpleasant happen to them, it happens to them.

- We had our money stolen.

- The dance hall once even had its roof blown off in World War II.

VB: no passive

7. have ; has ; having had
If you have someone do something, you persuade, cause, or order them to do it.

- If you happen to talk to him, have him call me.

- The bridge is not as impressive as some guides would have you believe.

- Mr Gower had had us all working so hard.

VB: no passive

8. have ; has ; having had
If someone has you by a part of your body, they are holding you there and they are trying to hurt you or force you to go somewhere.

- When the police came, Larry had him by the ear and was beating his head against the pavement.

VB: no passive

9. have ; has ; having had
If you have something from someone, they give it to you.

- You can have my ticket.

- Can I have your name please?.

- We have had some help from the Government.

- I had comments from people in all age groups.

VB: no passive

10. have ; has ; having had
If you have an illness or disability, you suffer from it.

- I had a headache.

- He might be having a heart attack.

- She has epilepsy.

VB: no passive

11. have ; has ; having had
If a woman has a baby, she gives birth to it. If she is having a baby, she is pregnant.

- My wife has just had a baby boy.

- She's having another baby.

VB: no passive

12. have ; has ; having had
You can use have in expressions such as ` I won't have it ' or ` I'm not having that ', to mean that you will not allow or put up with something.

- She wanted to be alone. They wouldn't have it.

- I'm not having any of that nonsense.

- I will not have the likes of you dragging down my reputation.

VB: with neg

13. have
You can use has it in expressions such as ` rumour has it that ' or ` as legend has it ' when you are quoting something that you have heard, but you do not necessarily think it is true.

- Rumour has it that tickets were being sold for £300.

- He could not possibly have been poisoned as popular legend has it.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR that vagueness

14. have
If someone has it in for you, they do not like you and they want to make life difficult for you. (INFORMAL)

- He's always had it in for the Dawkins family.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

15. have
If you have it in you, you have abilities and skills which you do not usually use and which only show themselves in a difficult situation.

- `You were brilliant!' he said. `I didn't know you had it in you.'.

- He has it in him to succeed.

PHR: V inflects, PHR pron, oft PHR pron to-inf

16. have
To have it off with someone or have it away with someone means to have sex with them. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- He reckons she's having it off with the gardener.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, PHR with n, pl-n V

17. have
If you are having someone on , you are pretending that something is true when it is not true, for example as a joke or in order to tease them. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Malone's eyes widened. `You're having me on, Liam.'

PHR: be inflects
= pull someone's leg

18. have
If you have it out or have things out with someone, you discuss a problem or disagreement very openly with them, even if it means having an argument, because you think this is the best way to solve the problem.

- Why not have it out with your critic, discuss the whole thing face to face?

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR with n

have 4 modal phrases *****

1. have
You use have to when you are saying that something is necessary or required, or must happen. If you do not have to do something, it is not necessary or required.

- He had to go to Germany.

- We'll have to find a taxi.

- You have to be careful what you say on telly.

- They didn't have to pay tax.

PHR-MODAL
= must

2. have
You can use have to in order to say that you feel certain that something is true or will happen.

- There has to be some kind of way out.

- That has to be the biggest lie ever told.

PHR-MODAL
= must

have

verb

1.

possess

hold

keep

obtain

own

retain

2.

receive

accept

acquire

gain

get

obtain

procure

secure

take

3.

experience

endure

enjoy

feel

meet with

suffer

sustain

undergo

4.

cheat

deceive

dupe

fool

outwit

swindle

take in informal

trick

5.

give birth to

bear

beget

bring forth

deliver

have to

6.

be obliged

be bound

be compelled

be forced

have got to

must

ought

should

haddock

[D.J.:ˈhædək]

[K.K.:ˈhædək]

n.

黑线鳕(产于北大西洋的食用鱼)

haddock *

1. haddock
Haddock are a type of edible sea fish that are found in the North Atlantic.

- ...fishing boats which normally catch a mix of cod, haddock and whiting.

N-VAR haddock is both the singular and the plural form

2. haddock
Haddock is this fish eaten as food.

- Use Scottish smoked haddock if you can.

N-UNCOUNT haddock is both the singular and the plural form

Hades

[D.J.:ˈheidi:z]

[K.K.:ˈhediz]

n.

冥府,地狱,阎王

Hades

Hades
In Greek mythology, Hades was a place under the earth where people went after they died.
N-PROPER
= the underworld

hadn't

hadn't
Hadn't is the usual spoken form of had not .

haemoglobin

[ˌhi:məuˈɡləubin]

n.

血色素,血红蛋白

haemoglobin *

haemoglobin
Haemoglobin is the red substance in blood, which combines with oxygen and carries it around the body. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT (AM) hemoglobin

haemophilia

[D.J.:ˌhi:məˈfɪlɪə]

n.

血友病,出血不止病

haemophiliac

n.

haemophiliac

[ˌhi:məuˈfiliæk]

n.

血友病患者

haemophilia

haemophilia
Haemophilia is a medical condition in which a person's blood does not thicken or clot properly when they are injured, so they continue bleeding.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) hemophilia

haemophiliac *

haemophiliac haemophiliacs
A haemophiliac is a person who suffers from haemophilia.
N-COUNT (AM) hemophiliac

haemorrhage

[D.J.:ˌhemərɪdʒ]

n.

(尤指大量的)出血;失血

vi.

大出血

haemorrhage *

1. haemorrhage haemorrhages
A haemorrhage is serious bleeding inside a person's body.

- Shortly after his admission into hospital he had a massive brain haemorrhage and died.

- These drugs will not be used if hemorrhage is the cause of the stroke.

N-VAR (AM) hemorrhage

2. haemorrhage haemorrhages haemorrhaging haemorrhaged
If someone is haemorrhaging , there is serious bleeding inside their body.

- I haemorrhaged badly after the birth of all three of my sons.

- If this is left untreated, one can actually haemorrhage to death.

VB (AM) hemorrhage

3. haemorrhaging

- A post mortem showed he died from shock and haemorrhaging.

N-UNCOUNT

4. haemorrhage
A haemorrhage of people or resources is a rapid loss of them from a group or place, seriously weakening its position.

- He said the move would definitely stem the haemorrhage of talent and enterprise from the colony.

N-SING: N of n (AM) hemorrhage

5. haemorrhage haemorrhages haemorrhaging haemorrhaged
To haemorrhage people or resources means to lose them rapidly and become weak.

- Venice is haemorrhaging the very resource which could save it: its own people.

- The figures showed that cash was haemorrhaging from the conglomerate.

V-ERG (AM) hemorrhage

haemorrhoid

[ˈhemərɔid]

n.

痔

haemorrhoids

n.

痔核,痔疾

haemorrhoid

haemorrhoid haemorrhoids
Haemorrhoids are painful swellings that can appear in the veins inside the anus. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl (AM) hemorrhoids
= piles

hag

[D.J.:hæɡ]

[K.K.:hæɡ]

n.

女巫,丑婆,魔女,沼地,砍伐

vt.

砍,劈

hag

hag hags
If someone refers to a woman as a hag , they mean that she is ugly, old, and unpleasant. (OFFENSIVE)

- I hope the old hag has gone out to do her grocery shopping and hasn't come back yet.

N-COUNT disapproval
= bag

hag

noun

witch

crone

harridan

haggard

[D.J.:ˈhægəd]

[K.K.:ˈhæɡəd]

adj.

憔悴的,面容枯槁的

haggard

haggard
Someone who looks haggard has a tired expression and shadows under their eyes, especially because they are ill or have not had enough sleep.

- He was pale and a bit haggard.

- Nick glanced around at the haggard faces watching him.

ADJ-GRADED

haggard

adjective

gaunt

careworn

drawn

emaciated

pinched

thin

wan

haggis

[D.J.:ˈhæɡis]

[K.K.:ˈhæɡɪs]

n.

将羊的心、肺、肝等内脏和燕麦粉煮成的食物

haggis

haggis haggises
A haggis is a large Scottish sausage, usually shaped like a ball, which is made from minced sheep's meat contained inside the skin from a sheep's stomach.
N-VAR

haggle

[D.J.:ˈhægəl]

[K.K.:ˈhæɡəl]

vi.

讨价还价

haggle *

1. haggle haggles haggling haggled
If you haggle , you argue about something before reaching an agreement, especially about the cost of something that you are buying.

- Ella showed her the best places to go for a good buy, and taught her how to haggle with used furniture dealers.

- Meanwhile, as the politicians haggle, the violence worsens.

- Of course he'll still haggle over the price.

V-RECIP

2. haggle haggles
Also a noun.

- She laughed again, enjoying the haggle.

N-COUNT

3. haggling

- After months of haggling, they recovered only three-quarters of what they had lent.

N-UNCOUNT

haggle

verb

bargain

barter

beat down

ha ha *

1. ha ha
Ha ha or ha ha ha is used in writing to represent the sound that people make when they laugh.

- I dropped my bag at the officer's feet. The bank notes fell out. `Ha ha ha!' he laughed. `Got no money, uh?'

EXCLAM also ha ha ha .

2. ha ha
People sometimes say ` ha ha ' to show that they are not amused by what you have said, or do not believe it. (SPOKEN)

- He said 'vegetarians unite', and I looked at him and said 'yeah, ha ha'.

EXCLAM also ha ha ha .

hail

[D.J.:heil]

[K.K.:hel]

n.

雹子

一阵

vi.

下雹子

如冰雹般地降下

vt.

致敬; 向…欢呼

打信号示意(计程车等)停下

hail **

1. hail hails hailing hailed
If a person, event, or achievement is hailed as important or successful, they are praised publicly.

- Faulkner has been hailed as the greatest American novelist of his generation.

- US magazines hailed her as the greatest rock'n'roll singer in the world.

- The deal was hailed by the Defence Secretary.

VB: usu passive

2. hail
Hail consists of small balls of ice that fall like rain from the sky.

- ...a sharp short-lived storm with heavy hail.

N-UNCOUNT

3. hail hails hailing hailed
When it hails , hail falls like rain from the sky.

- It started to hail, huge great stones.

VB

4. hail
A hail of things, usually small objects, is a large number of them that hit you at the same time and with great force.

- The victim was hit by a hail of bullets.

- The riot police were met with a hail of stones and petrol bombs.

N-SING: N of n

5. hail hails hailing hailed
Someone who hails from a particular place was born there or lives there. (FORMAL)

- I hail from Brighton.

- The band hail from Glasgow.

VB

6. hail hails hailing hailed
If someone or something hails from a particular background, they come from it. (FORMAL)

- He hails from an affluent background.

- This is a film which seems to hail from the hippie era.

VB

7. hail hails hailing hailed
If you hail someone, you call to them. (LITERARY)

- Jill saw him and hailed him.

- Suddenly, a voice hailed us and there was Miss Quigley.

VB

8. hail hails hailing hailed
If you hail a taxi, you wave at it in order to stop it because you want the driver to take you somewhere.

- I hurried away to hail a taxi.

VB

9. hail
Hail is used as a word of greeting. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Hail to the new champion Bengali D'Albret.

CONVENTION

hail

noun

1.

bombardment

barrage

downpour

rain

shower

storm

volley

verb

2.

rain down on

batter

beat down upon

bombard

pelt

rain

shower

hail

verb

1.

greet

acclaim

acknowledge

applaud

cheer

honour

salute

welcome

2.

flag down

signal to

wave down

hail from

3.

come from

be a native of

be born in

originate in

Hail Mary

Hail Mary Hail Marys
A Hail Mary is a prayer to the Virgin Mary that is said by Roman Catholics.
N-COUNT

hailstone

[D.J.:ˈheɪlˌstəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈhelˌston]

n.

雹块

hailstone

hailstone hailstones
Hailstones are small balls of ice that fall like rain from the sky.

- ...a shower of hailstones.

N-COUNT: usu pl

hailstorm

[D.J.:ˈheɪlˌstɔ:m]

[K.K.:ˈhelˌstɔrm]

n.

雹暴

hailstorm

hailstorm hailstorms
A hailstorm is a storm during which it hails.
N-COUNT also hail storm .

hair

[D.J.:hɛə]

[K.K.:hɛr]

n.

头发, 毛发

(动、植物的)毛

hairs

体毛

hair ****

1. hair hairs
Your hair is the fine threads that grow in a mass on your head.

- I wash my hair every night.

- He has black hair.

- ...a girl with long blonde hair...

- I get some grey hairs but I pull them out.

N-VAR: usu supp N

2. hair hairs
Hair is the short, fine threads that grow on different parts of your body.

- The majority of men have hair on their chest.

- It tickled the hairs on the back of my neck.

N-VAR

3. hair hairs
Hair is the threads that cover the body of an animal such as a dog, or make up a horse's mane and tail.

- I am allergic to cat hair.

- ...dog hairs on the carpet.

N-VAR

4. hair hairs
Hairs are short, very fine threads that grow on some insects and plants.

- The stinging nettle has a square stem and little hairs.

N-COUNT: usu pl

5. hair
If you let your hair down , you relax completely and enjoy yourself.

- ...the world-famous Oktoberfest, a time when everyone in Munich really lets their hair down.

PHR: V inflects

6. hair
Something that makes your hair stand on end shocks or frightens you very much.

- This was the kind of smile that made your hair stand on end.

PHR: V inflects

7. hair
If you say that someone has not a hair out of place , you are emphasizing that they are extremely smart and neatly dressed.

- She had a lot of make-up on and not a hair out of place.

PHR emphasis

8. hair
If you say that someone faced with a shock or a problem does not turn a hair , you mean that they do not show any surprise or fear, and remain completely calm.

- No one seems to turn a hair at the thought of the divorced Princess marrying.

PHR: V inflects
= bat an eyelid

9. hair
If you say that someone is splitting hairs , you mean that they are making unnecessary distinctions between things when the differences between them are so small they are not important.

- Don't split hairs. You know what I'm getting at.

PHR: V inflects
= quibble

hair

noun

locks

head of hair

mane

mop

shock

tresses

hairbrush

[D.J.:ˈheəˌbrʌʃ]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrˌbrʌʃ]

n.

梳子;发刷

hairbrush

hairbrush hairbrushes
A hairbrush is a brush that you use to brush your hair.
N-COUNT

hair care

hair care
Hair care is all the things people do to keep their hair clean, healthy-looking, and attractive.

- He will share his professional knowledge of haircare.

- ...an American maker of hair-care products.

N-UNCOUNT also haircare .

haircut

[D.J.:ˈheəˌkʌt]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrˌkʌt]

n.

理发

发型

haircuts

[ˈhɛəkʌts]

n.

(纸面)微裂痕;毛痕;粘丝,贴丝

haircut *

1. haircut haircuts
If you have a haircut , someone cuts your hair for you.

- Your hair is all right; it's just that you need a haircut.

N-COUNT

2. haircut haircuts
A haircut is the style in which your hair has been cut.

- Who's that guy with the funny haircut?

N-COUNT

hairdo

[D.J.:ˈhɛəˌdu:]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrˌdu]

n.

(尤指女子的)发式, 发型

hairdo

hairdo hairdos
A hairdo is the style in which your hair has been cut and arranged. (INFORMAL)

- How do you like my new hairdo?

- ...a teenager with a punk hairdo.

N-COUNT
= hairstyle

hairdresser

[D.J.:ˈheəˌdresə]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrˌdrɛsɚ]

n.

理发师

hairdresser *

1. hairdresser hairdressers
A hairdresser is a person who cuts, colours, and arranges people's hair.
N-COUNT

2. hairdresser hairdressers
A hairdresser or a hairdresser's is a shop where a hairdresser works.

- I work in this new hairdresser's.

N-COUNT

hairdresser

noun

stylist

barber

coiffeur or coiffeuse

hairdressing

[D.J.:ˈheəˌdresɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrˌdrɛsɪŋ]

n.

理发,做发

理发业

美发剂

hairdressing

hairdressing
Hairdressing is the job or activity of cutting, colouring, and arranging people's hair.

- ...personal services such as hairdressing and dry cleaning...

- Gloria runs a hairdressing salon.

N-UNCOUNT

hairdryer

[D.J.:ˈheədraɪə]

n.

(吹干头发的)吹风机

hairdryer

hairdryer hairdryers
A hairdryer is a machine that you use to dry your hair.
N-COUNT also hairdrier .

-haired

-haired
-haired combines with adjectives to describe the length, colour, or type of hair that someone has.

- He was a small, dark-haired man.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

hairgrip

n.

发夹

hairgrip

hairgrip hairgrips
A hairgrip is a small piece of metal or plastic bent back on itself, which you use to hold your hair in position. (mainly BRIT; in AM use bobby pin )
N-COUNT also hair-grip .
= hairpin

hairless

[D.J.:ˈheəlis]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrlɪs]

adj.

无毛的,秃头的

hairless

hairless
A part of your body that is hairless has no hair on it.

- ...a smooth and hairless body.

ADJ
≠ hairy

hairline

[D.J.:ˈheəlain]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrˌlaɪn]

n.

极细的织物

hairline

1. hairline hairlines
Your hairline is the edge of the area where your hair grows on your head.

- Joanne had a small dark birthmark near her hairline.

- His hairline had receded slightly over the years.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft poss N

2. hairline
A hairline crack or gap is very narrow or fine.

- There's a hairline crack in the rim of that jar.

- He suffered a hairline fracture of the right index finger.

ADJ: ADJ n

hairnet

[D.J.:ˈheəˌnet]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrˌnɛt]

n.

(尤指女用的)发网

hairnet

hairnet hairnets
A hairnet is a small net that some women wear over their hair in order to keep it tidy.
N-COUNT

hairpiece

[D.J.:ˈheəpi:s]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrˌpis]

n.

假发,假眉毛

hairpiece

hairpiece hairpieces
A hairpiece is a piece of false hair that some people wear on their head if they are bald or if they want to make their own hair seem longer or thicker.
N-COUNT

hairpin

[D.J.:ˈheəˌpɪn]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrˌpɪn]

n.

发夹

hairpin

1. hairpin hairpins
A hairpin is a small piece of metal or plastic bent back on itself which someone uses to hold their hair in position.
N-COUNT
= hairgrip

2. hairpin hairpins
A hairpin is the same as a hairpin bend .
N-COUNT

hairpin bend

hairpin bend hairpin bends
A hairpin bend or a hairpin is a very sharp bend in a road, where the road turns back in the opposite direction.
N-COUNT

hair-raising

[D.J.:ˈheəˌreɪzɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrˌrezɪŋ]

adj.

令人恐惧的

hair-raising

hair-raising
A hair-raising experience, event, or story is very frightening but can also be exciting.

- ...hair-raising rides at funfairs...

- Her truck is a very large pickup which she drives at hair-raising speeds.

ADJ-GRADED

hair-raising

adjective

frightening

alarming

bloodcurdling

horrifying

scary

shocking

spine-chilling

terrifying

hair's breadth

hair's breadth
A hair's breadth is a very small degree or amount.

- The dollar fell to within a hair's breadth of its all-time low.

- He did not swerve a hair's breadth from the decision he had made.

N-SING: a N

hair shirt

1. hair shirt hair shirts
A hair shirt is a shirt made of rough uncomfortable cloth which some religious people used to wear to punish themselves.

- He was sent barefoot wearing only a hair shirt into the wilderness as a penance.

N-COUNT

2. hair shirt hair shirts
If you say that someone is wearing a hair shirt , you mean that they are trying to punish themselves to show they are sorry for something they have done.

- No one is asking you to put on a hair shirt and give up all your luxuries.

N-COUNT

hairspray

[D.J.:ˈheəˌspreɪ]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrˌspre]

n.

喷发定型剂

hairspray

hairspray hairsprays
Hairspray is a sticky substance that you spray out of a can onto your hair in order to hold it in place.
N-MASS
= lacquer

hairstyle

[D.J.:ˈheəˌstaɪl]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrˌstaɪl]

n.

发型,发式

hairstyle *

hairstyle hairstyles
Your hairstyle is the style in which your hair has been cut or arranged.

- I think her new short hairstyle looks simply great.

N-COUNT
= hairdo

hairstyle

noun

haircut

coiffure

cut

hairdo

style

hairstylist

[ˈheəˌstailist]

n.

发式专家,发式师

hairstylist

hairstylist hairstylists
A hairstylist is someone who cuts and arranges people's hair, especially in order to get them ready for a photograph or film.

- ...her personal hair stylist.

N-COUNT also hair stylist .

hair-trigger

adj.

容易触发的,一触即发的

hair-trigger

hair-trigger
If you describe something as hair-trigger , you mean that it is likely to change very violently and suddenly.

- His boozing, arrogance, and hair-trigger temper have often led him into ugly nightclub brawls.

- A hair-trigger situation has been created which could lead to an outbreak of war at any time.

ADJ: ADJ n

hairy

[D.J.:ˈheəri:]

[K.K.:ˈhɛri]

adj.

多毛的

惊险的,令人恐惧的

hairy-chested

adj.

粗壮的

hairy-chested

adj.

粗壮的

hairy *

1. hairy hairier hairiest
Someone or something that is hairy is covered with hairs.

- He was wearing shorts which showed his long, muscular, hairy legs.

- The plant has serrated and hairy leaves.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ hairless

2. hairy hairier hairiest
If you describe a situation as hairy , you mean that it is exciting, worrying, and rather frightening. (INFORMAL)

- His driving was a bit hairy.

ADJ-GRADED
= hair-raising

hairy

adjective

1.

shaggy

bushy

furry

hirsute

stubbly

unshaven

woolly

2.

dangerous

difficult

hazardous

perilous

risky

hake

[heik]

n.

鳕鱼类

hake

1. hake
A hake is a type of large edible sea fish.
N-VAR hake is both the singular and the plural form

2. hake
Hake is this fish eaten as food.
N-UNCOUNT hake is both the singular and the plural form

halcyon

[D.J.:ˈhælsi:ən]

[K.K.:ˈhælsiən]

adj.

平静的,太平的,幸福的

halcyon days

halcyon *

halcyon
A halcyon time is a time in the past that was peaceful or happy. (LITERARY)

- It was all a far cry from those halcyon days in 1990, when he won three tournaments on the European tour.

ADJ: ADJ n

halcyon

adjective Slang

1.

peaceful

calm

gentle

quiet

serene

tranquil

undisturbed

halcyon days

2.

happy

carefree

flourishing

golden

palmy

prosperous

hale

[D.J.:heil]

[K.K.:hel]

adj.

(尤指老人)精神矍铄的, 老当益壮的

hale *

hale
If you describe people, especially people who are old, as hale , you mean that they are healthy. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- But even should he reappear tomorrow looking hale and hearty, his long absence will have cast a shadow over his position.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

hale

adjective

healthy

able-bodied

fit

flourishing

in the pink

robust

sound

strong

vigorous

well

half

[D.J.:hɑ:f]

[K.K.:hæf, hɑf]

adj.

一半的, 半个的

n.

半, 一半

adv.

一半

halve

[D.J.:hæv, hɑ:v]

[K.K.:hæv, hɑv]

vt.

把…分成两半;把…减半

halves

[D.J.:hɑ:vz]

[K.K.:hævz, hɑvz]

n.

一学期,同分数

halving

[ˈhɑ:viŋ]

n.

对分,二等分,减半[航空、 航海]等分

half *****

1. half
Half of an amount or object is one of two equal parts that together make up the whole number, amount, or object.

- They need an extra two and a half thousand pounds to complete the project.

- More than half of all households report incomes above £35,000.

- Cut the tomatoes in half vertically.

- The bridge was re-built in two halves.

- The tough market would lead to 400 jobs being cut in the first half of this year.

FRACTION

2. half
Also a predeterminer.

- We just sat and talked for half an hour or so.

- They had only received half the money promised.

- She's half his age.

PREDET

3. half
Also an adjective.

- ...£4.75 for a half chicken tandoori.

- ...a half measure of fresh lemon juice...

- Steve barely said a handful of words during the first half hour.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. half
You use half to say that something is only partly the case or happens to only a limited extent.

- His eyes were half closed.

- His refrigerator frequently looked half empty.

- She'd half expected him to withdraw from the course.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV before v

5. half halves
In games such as football, soccer, and basketball, matches are divided into two equal periods of time which are called halves .

- The only goal was scored by Jakobsen early in the second half.

N-COUNT: usu ord N

6. half halves
A half is half a pint of a drink such as beer or cider. (BRIT)

- ...a half of lager and a sandwich.

N-COUNT

7. half halves
A half is a half-price bus or train ticket for a child. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

8. half
You use half to say that someone has parents of different nationalities. For example, if you are half German, one of your parents is German but the other is not.

- She was half Italian and half English.

ADV: ADV adj

9. half
You use half past to refer to a time that is thirty minutes after a particular hour.

- `What time were you planning lunch?' --- `Half past twelve, if that's convenient.'.

- I think I got there about four and left about half past.

PHR-PREP: usu PREP num

10. half
Half means the same as half past . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- They are supposed to be here at about half four.

PREP: PREP num

11. half
You can use the word half before an adjective describing an extreme quality, as a way of emphasizing and exaggerating something. (INFORMAL)

- He felt half dead with tiredness.

- All this time I've been half sick about you and why you wouldn't write.

ADV: ADV adj emphasis

12. half
Half can also be used in this way with a noun referring to a long period of time or a large quantity.

- I thought about you half the night.

- He wouldn't know what he was saying half the time.

- One phone call and half the city's police force will be around to arrest you.

PREDET

13. half
Half is sometimes used in negative statements, with a positive meaning, to emphasize a particular fact or quality. For example, if you say ` he isn't half lucky ', you mean that he is very lucky. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- You don't half sound confident.

- I didn't half get into trouble.

- She eventually decided the acting profession wasn't half bad.

- My kick wasn't half a bad effort for an old man.

- `There'd been a tremendous amount of poverty around and presumably this made some impact then.' --- `Oh not half.'

ADV: with neg, usu ADV before v, ADV adj/adv, ADV n, also ADV as reply emphasis

14. half
You use not half to emphasize a negative quality that someone has.

- You're not half the man you think you are.

- Poor old Henry, and not half as clever as he'd thought.

ADV: with neg, ADV n, ADV as/so adj emphasis

15. half
When you use an expression such as a problem and a half or a meal and a half , you are emphasizing that your reaction to it is either very favourable or very unfavourable.

- `It's a full-time job, isn't it' --- `Job and a half.'

PHR: usu v-link PHR emphasis

16. half
If you talk about your better half or your other half you mean your wife, your husband, or the person of the opposite sex that you live with. (INFORMAL)

- I was worried that my career, my children and my other half might become too much to cope with.

PHR: poss PHR

17. half
If you increase something by half , half of the original amount is added to it. If you decrease it by half , half of the original amount is taken away from it.

- The number of 7 year olds who read poorly has increased by half over the past 5 years.

- Cutting food intake by half is an incredibly difficult thing for anyone to do.

PHR: PHR after v

18. half
If you say that someone never does things by halves , you mean that they always do things very thoroughly.

- In Italy they rarely do things by halves. Designers work thoroughly, producing the world's most wearable clothes in the most beautiful fabrics.

PHR: with brd-neg, V inflects

19. half
If two people go halves they divide the cost of something equally between them.

- He's constantly on the phone to his girlfriend. We have to go halves on the phone bill which drives me mad.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR on n

halve **

1. halve halves halving halved
When you halve something or when it halves , it is reduced to half its previous size or amount.

- Dr Lee believes that men who exercise can halve their risk of cancer of the colon.

- The work force has been halved in two years.

- Meanwhile, sales of vinyl records halved in 1992 to just 6.7m.

V-ERG

2. halve halves halving halved
If you halve something, you divide it into two equal parts.

- Halve the pineapple and scoop out the inside.

VB

3. Halves is the plural of half .

half

noun

1.

equal part

fifty per cent

hemisphere

portion

section

adjective

2.

partial

halved

limited

moderate

adverb

3.

partially

in part

partly

halve

verb

bisect

cut in half

divide equally

share equally

split in two

half-baked

[D.J.:ˈhæfˈbeɪkt, ˈhɑ:f-]

[K.K.:ˈhæfˈbekt, ˈhɑf-]

adj.

半熟的

未完成的;不完整的

<口>(计划、思考等)幼稚的;思虑不周的

half-baked

half-baked
If you describe an idea or plan as half-baked , you mean that it has not been properly thought out, and so is stupid or impractical.

- This is another half-baked scheme that isn't going to work.

- I didn't want to make things worse by coming up with half-baked notions.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

half-baked

adjective

ill-judged

ill-conceived

impractical

poorly planned

short-sighted

unformed

unthought out or through

half board

half board
If you stay at a hotel and have half board , your breakfast and evening meal are included in the price of your stay at the hotel, but not your lunch. (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT also half-board .

half-brother

[ˈhɑ:fˌbrʌðə]

n.

同父异母或同母异父的兄弟

half-brother *

half-brother half-brothers
Someone's half-brother is a boy or man who has either the same mother or the same father as they have.
N-COUNT

half-caste

[D.J.:ˈhæfˌkæst, ˈhɑ:fˌkɑ:st]

[K.K.:ˈhæfˌkæst, ˈhɑfˌkɑst]

n.

混血儿,尤指欧亚混血儿

half-caste

1. half-caste
Someone who is half-caste has parents who come from different races. (mainly BRIT, OFFENSIVE)

- He has two half-caste children.

ADJ

2. half-caste half-castes
A half-caste is someone who is half-caste.
N-COUNT

half-day *

half-day half-days
A half-day is a day when you work only in the morning or in the afternoon, but not all day.
N-COUNT also half day .

half-hearted

[D.J.:ˈhæfˈhɑ:tɪd, ˈhɑ:f-]

[K.K.:ˈhæfˈhɑrtɪd, ˈhɑf-]

adj.

兴趣不大的,不热心的,半心半意的

half-hearted *

1. half-hearted
If someone does something in a half-hearted way, they do it without any real effort, interest, or enthusiasm.

- Joanna had made one or two half-hearted attempts to befriend Graham's young wife.

- ...a half-hearted apology...

- In truth, her application was a bit half-hearted.

ADJ-GRADED

2. half-heartedly

- I can't do anything half-heartedly. I have to do everything 100 per cent.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

half-hearted

adjective

unenthusiastic

apathetic

indifferent

lacklustre

listless

lukewarm

perfunctory

tame

half-life

[D.J.:ˈhæfˌlaɪf, ˈhɑ:f-]

[K.K.:ˈhæfˌlaɪf, ˈhɑf-]

n.

半衰期

half-life

half-life half-lives
The half-life of a radioactive substance is the amount of time that it takes to lose half its radioactivity.
N-COUNT also half life .

half-mast

[D.J.:ˈhæfˈmæst, ˈhɑ:fˈmɑ:st]

[K.K.:ˈhæfˈmæst, ˈhɑfˈmɑst]

n.

半旗(旗杆中央的位置)

adj.

半旗的

不到顶的

vt.

下半旗

half-mast

half-mast
If a flag is flying at half-mast , it is flying from the middle of the pole, not the top, to show respect and sorrow for someone who has just died.

- Flags have been flying at half-mast, and schools, offices and businesses have been closed.

PHR: usu PHR after v

half measure

half measure half measures
If someone refers to policies or actions as half measures , they are critical of them because they think that they are not forceful enough and are therefore of little value.

- They have already declared their intention to fight on rather than settle for half-measures.

N-COUNT: usu pl also half-measure . disapproval

half note

half note half notes
A half note is a musical note that has a time value equal to two quarter notes. (AM; in BRIT use minim )
N-COUNT

halfpence

[ˈheipəns]

n.

半便士之值

halfpenny

[D.J.:ˈheipəni]

[K.K.:ˈhepəni, ˈhepni]

n.

半便士铜币,半便士之值

halfpenny

halfpenny halfpennies or halfpence
A halfpenny was a small British coin which was worth half a penny.
N-COUNT

half-price

[ˌhɑ:fˈprais]

adv.

半价

half-price *

1. half-price
If something is half-price , it costs only half what it usually costs.

- Main courses are half price from 12.30pm to 2pm.

- Mind you, a half-price suit still cost $400.

- We can get in half-price.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, ADJ n, ADJ after v

2. half-price
If something is sold at half-price , it is sold for only half of what it usually costs.

- By yesterday she was selling off stock at half price.

- They normally charge three hundred pounds but we got it for half price.

N-UNCOUNT: usu at/for N

half-sister

[ˈhɑ:fˌsistə]

n.

同父异母或同母异父的姐妹

half-sister

half-sister half-sisters
Someone's half-sister is a girl or woman who has either the same mother or the same father as they have.
N-COUNT: oft poss N

half-term

[D.J.:h ɑ:fˈtɜ:m]

[K.K.:hæfˈtə..m]

n.

<英>期中假(学期中途放的假)

half-term

half-term half-terms
Half-term is a short holiday in the middle of a school term. (BRIT)

- There was no play school at half term, so I took them both to the cinema.

- ...the half-term holidays.

N-VAR: oft at N also half term .

half-timbered

[D.J.:ˈhæfˈtɪmbəd, ˈhɑ:f-]

[K.K.:ˈhæfˈtɪmbəd, ˈhɑf-]

adj.

在木架上涂抹灰泥建造成的(房屋)

half-timbered

half-timbered
Half-timbered is used to describe old buildings that have wooden beams showing in the brick and plaster walls, both on the inside and the outside of the building.
ADJ

half-time

[D.J.:ˈhæfˌtaɪm, ˈhɑ:f-]

[K.K.:ˈhæfˌtaɪm, ˈhɑf-]

adj.

半工制的

n.

(比赛的)中场休息

half-time **

half-time
Half-time is the short period of time between the two parts of a sporting event such as a football, soccer, or basketball game, when the players have a short rest.
N-UNCOUNT also half time .

half-truth

[D.J.:ˈhæfˌtru:θ, ˈhɑ:f-]

[K.K.:ˈhæfˌtruθ, ˈhɑf-]

n.

仅一部分为事实的报导,半真半假的陈词

half-truth

half-truth half-truths
If you describe statements as half-truths , you mean that they are only partly based on fact and are intended or likely to deceive people.

- The article had been full of errors and half truths that he felt slandered him.

N-COUNT also half truth .

halfway

[D.J.:ˈhæfˈweɪ, ˈhɑ:f-]

[K.K.:ˈhæfˈwe, ˈhɑf-]

adj. & adv.

半途(的),中间(的)

不彻底(的),小部分(的)

a halfway house

过渡教习(或疗养)所(为即将释放的犯人或出院的精神病人而设)

折中方案；妥协办法

halfway **

1. halfway
Halfway means in the middle of a place or between two points, at an equal distance from each of them.

- Half-way across the car-park, he noticed she was walking with her eyes closed.

- He was halfway up the ladder.

- She was halfway down when she heard the noise.

ADV: usu ADV prep/adv, also ADV after v also half-way .

2. halfway
Halfway means in the middle of a period of time or of an event.

- By then, it was October and we were more than halfway through our tour.

ADV: ADV prep/adv also half-way .

3. halfway
Also an adjective.

- Welsh international Matthew Postle was third fastest at the halfway point.

ADJ: ADJ n also half-way .

4. halfway
If you meet someone halfway , you accept some of the points they are making so that you can come to an agreement with them.

- The Democrats are willing to meet the president halfway.

PHR: V inflects also half-way .
= compromise

5. halfway
Halfway means fairly or reasonably. (INFORMAL)

- You need hard currency to get anything halfway decent.

- All I had to do was be halfway cool.

ADV: ADV adj also half-way .

halfway

adverb

1.

midway

to or in the middle

adjective

2.

midway

central

equidistant

intermediate

mid

middle

halfway house

1. halfway house
A halfway house is an arrangement or thing that has some of the qualities of two different things.

- A halfway house between the theatre and cinema is possible. Olivier created one in his imaginative `Henry V' in 1945.

N-SING
= compromise

2. halfway house halfway houses
A halfway house is a home for people such as former prisoners, mental patients, or drug addicts who can stay there for a limited period of time to get used to life outside prison or hospital.
N-COUNT

half-wit

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:fwit]

[K.K.:ˈhæfˌwɪt, ˈhɑf-]

n.

愚蠢低能的人,笨蛋,傻瓜

half-wit

1. half-wit half-wits
If you describe someone as a half-wit , you think they have behaved in a stupid, silly, or irresponsible way. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval
= fool

2. half-wit half-wits
A half-wit is a person who has little intelligence. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

half-witted

[D.J.:ˈh ɑ:fˈ wɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈhæfˈ wɪtɪd]

adj.

愚笨的

half-witted

half-witted
If you describe someone as half-witted , you think they are very stupid, silly, or irresponsible. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED disapproval

half-yearly

[ˈhɑ:fˈjə:li]

adj.

每半年的

adv.

每半年地

half-yearly

1. half-yearly
Half-yearly means happening in the middle of a calendar year or a financial year. (BRIT; in AM use semiannual )

- This is the half-yearly meeting of the interim committee.

- ...the Central Bank's half-yearly report on the state of the economy.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. half-yearly
A company's half-yearly profits are the profits that it makes in six months. (BRIT; in AM use semiannual )

- The company announced a half-yearly profit of just £2 million.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. half-yearly
Half-yearly means happening twice a year, with six months between each event. (BRIT; in AM use semiannual )

- ...half-yearly payments.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= biannual

halibut

[D.J.:ˈhæləbət, ˈhɔl-]

[K.K.:ˈhæləbət, ˈhɑl-]

n.

(产于太平洋和大西洋的)大比目鱼

halibut

1. halibut
A halibut is a large flat fish.
N-VAR halibut is both the singular and the plural form

2. halibut
Halibut is this fish eaten as food.
N-UNCOUNT halibut is both the singular and the plural form

halitosis

[D.J.:ˌhæliˈtəusis]

[K.K.:ˌhælɪˈtosɪs]

n.

〈美〉口臭

halitosis

halitosis
If someone has halitosis , their breath smells unpleasant. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= bad breath

hall

[D.J.:hɔ:l]

[K.K.:hɔl]

n.

门厅

礼堂, 会堂; 大厅

食堂; 宿舍

走廊

办公大楼

hall ***

1. hall halls
The hall in a house or flat is the area just inside the front door, into which some of the other rooms open. (BRIT; in AM use entrance hall )

- The lights were on in the hall and in the bedroom.

N-COUNT
= vestibule

See also entrance hall .

2. hall halls
A hall in a building is a long passage with doors into rooms on both sides of it. (mainly AM; in BRIT use hallway )
N-COUNT
= hallway

3. hall halls
A hall is a large room or building which is used for public events such as concerts, exhibitions, and meetings.

- Its 300 inhabitants will be celebrating with a dance in the village hall.

- We picked up our conference materials and filed into the lecture hall.

- It was brilliant to hear George Harrison in concert at the Royal Albert Hall last week.

N-COUNT: oft n N
See also city hall , town hall .

4. hall halls
If students live in hall in British English, or in a hall in American English, they live in a university or college building called a hall of residence .
N-COUNT: also prep N

5. hall
Hall is sometimes used as part of the name of a large house in the country.

- He died at Holly Hall, his wife's family home.

N-IN-NAMES

6. hall
Hall is sometimes used as part of the name of a large building, especially one where public events or concerts take place

- ...New York's Carnegie Hall.

N-IN-NAMES

hall

noun

1.

entrance hall

corridor

entry

foyer

hallway

lobby

passage

passageway

vestibule

2.

meeting place

assembly room

auditorium

chamber

concert hall

hallelujah

[D.J.:ˌhæləˈlu:jə]

[K.K.:ˌhæləˈlujə]

n.

(赞美上帝用语)哈利路亚

hallelujah

1. hallelujah
Hallelujah is used in religious songs and worship as an exclamation of praise and thanks to God.
EXCLAM also alleluia .

2. hallelujah
People sometimes say ` Hallelujah! ' when they are pleased that something they have been waiting a long time for has finally happened.

- Hallelujah! College days are over!

EXCLAM also alleluia .

hallmark

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:lˌmɑ:k]

[K.K.:ˈhɔlˌmɑrk]

n.

(金银制品上的)纯度印记

特点,特征,标志

vt.

给(金、银)打上纯度印记

hallmark *

1. hallmark hallmarks
The hallmark of something or someone is their most typical quality or feature.

- It's a technique that has become the hallmark of Amber Films.

- The killing had the hallmarks of a professional assassination.

- His designs show a love of simplicity which is very much his hallmark.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

2. hallmark hallmarks
A hallmark is an official mark put on things made of gold, silver, or platinum that indicates the quality of the metal, where the object was made, and who made it.
N-COUNT

hallmark

noun

1.

seal

device

endorsement

mark

sign

stamp

symbol

2.

indication

sure sign

telltale sign

hall of fame

1. hall of fame
If you say that someone is a member of a particular hall of fame , you mean that they are one of the most famous people in that area of activity.

- Vivienne Westwood has scaled the heights of fashion's hall of fame.

N-SING: with supp

2. hall of fame halls of fame
In the United States, a hall of fame is a type of museum where people can see things relating to famous people who are connected with a particular area of activity.
N-COUNT

hall of residence

hall of residence halls of residence
Halls of residence are buildings with rooms or flats, usually built by universities or colleges, in which students live during the term. (mainly BRIT; in AM use dormitory or residence hall )
N-COUNT

hallowed

[D.J.:ˈhæləʊd]

[K.K.:ˈhælod]

adj.

神圣的

hallowed

1. hallowed
Hallowed is used to describe something that is respected and admired, usually because it is old, important, or has a good reputation.

- The hallowed turf of Twickenham is the venue for the Middlesex Rugby Sevens Finals.

- They protested that there was no place for a school of commerce in their hallowed halls of learning.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

2. hallowed
Hallowed is used to describe something that is considered to be holy.

- ...hallowed ground.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

Halloween

[D.J.:ˌhæləʊˈi:n]

[K.K.:ˌhæloˈin]

n.

万圣节前夕

Halloween *

Halloween
Halloween is the night of the 31st of October and is traditionally said to be the time when ghosts and witches can be seen. On Halloween, children often dress up as ghosts and witches.

- He had insisted that she come up to Lawford for the Halloween party.

N-UNCOUNT also Hallowe'en .

hallucinate

[D.J.:həˈlu:sineit]

[K.K.:həˈlusəˌnet]

vt.

使产生幻觉

hallucinate

hallucinate hallucinates hallucinating hallucinated
If you hallucinate , you see things that are not really there, either because you are ill or because you have taken a drug.

- Hunger made him hallucinate.

- If you stared long enough and hard, you could even begin to hallucinate the appearance of small islands.

VB

hallucination

[D.J.:həˌlu:səˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:həˌlusəˈneʃən]

n.

幻觉(因患病或吸毒而产生)

hallucination *

1. hallucination hallucinations
A hallucination is the experience of seeing something that is not really there because you are ill or have taken a drug.

- The drug induces hallucinations at high doses.

- Hallucination is common in patients who have suffered damage to the brain.

N-VAR

2. hallucination hallucinations
A hallucination is something that is not real that someone sees because they are ill or have taken a drug.

- Perhaps the footprint was a hallucination.

N-COUNT

hallucination

noun

illusion

apparition

delusion

dream

fantasy

figment of the imagination

mirage

vision

hallucinatory

[D.J.:həlu:ˈsineitəri]

[K.K.:həˈlusənəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

幻觉的,引起幻觉的

hallucinatory

hallucinatory
Hallucinatory is used to describe something that is like a hallucination or is the cause of a hallucination.

- It was an unsettling show. There was a hallucinatory feel from the start.

- He had confessed to supplying Charley with hallucinatory drugs.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

hallucinogen

[D.J.:həlu:ˈsinədʒən]

[K.K.:həˈlusənədʒən]

n.

迷幻剂

hallucinogen

hallucinogen hallucinogens
A hallucinogen is a substance such as a drug which makes you hallucinate.
N-COUNT

hallucinogenic

adj.

引起幻觉的

hallucinogenic

hallucinogenic
A hallucinogenic drug is one that makes you hallucinate.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

hallway

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:lˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈhɔlˌwe]

n.

走廊;过道;门厅

hallway *

1. hallway hallways
A hallway in a house or flat is a long passage with doors into rooms on both sides of it.
N-COUNT

2. hallway hallways
A hallway in a house or flat is the area just inside the front door, into which some of the other rooms open. (BRIT; in AM use entrance hall )
N-COUNT
= vestibule

halo

[D.J.:ˈheɪləʊ]

[K.K.:ˈhelo]

n.

(图画中圣人头上的)光环,灵光

halo *

1. halo haloes or halos
A halo is a circle of light that is shown in pictures round the head of a holy figure such as a saint or angel.
N-COUNT

2. halo haloes or halos
A halo is a circle of light round a person or thing, or something that looks like a circle of light.

- The sun had a faint halo round it.

- She angrily slung a scarf around her head, flattening her halo of hair.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

halo

noun

ring of light

aura

corona

nimbus

radiance

halt

[D.J.:hɔ:lt]

[K.K.:hɔlt]

n.

停住, 停止, 暂停

vt. & vi.

(使)停下来

halting

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:ltɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhɔltɪŋ]

adj.

跛的;蹒跚的

踌躇的；迟疑不决的

软弱无力的;不完善的

halt ***

1. halt halts halting halted
When a person or a vehicle halts or when something halts them, they stop moving in the direction they were going and stand still.

- They halted at a short distance from the house.

- The engine note changed as the aircraft landed, taxied and halted.

- She held her hand out flat, to halt him.

V-ERG

2. halt halts halting halted
When something such as growth, development, or activity halts or when you halt it, it stops completely.

- Striking workers halted production at the auto plant yesterday.

- He criticised the government for failing to halt economic decline.

- The flow of assistance to Vietnam's fragile economy from its ideological allies has virtually halted.

V-ERG

3. halt halts halting halted
` Halt! ' is a military order to stop walking or marching and stand still.

- The colonel ordered `Halt!'

VB: only imper

4. halt halts
A halt is a very small station on a country railway line, which often consists only of a short platform and no building. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

5. halt
If someone calls a halt to something such as an activity, they decide not to continue with it or to end it immediately.

- The Russian government had called a halt to the construction of a new project in the Rostov region.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR to n

6. halt
If someone or something comes to a halt , they stop moving.

- Sofia and Alex came to a halt and both tried to regain their breath.

- The elevator creaked to a halt at the ground floor.

PHR: PHR after v

7. halt
If something such as growth, development, or activity comes or grinds to a halt or is brought to a halt , it stops completely.

- Her political career came to a halt in December 1988.

- Air traffic in Poland has been brought to a halt by an air traffic controllers' strike.

PHR: PHR after v

halting

1. halting
If you speak or do something in a halting way, you speak or do it slowly and with a lot of hesitation, usually because you are uncertain about what to say or do next.

- In a halting voice she said that she wished to make a statement.

- The officer replied in halting German.

- Russia's efforts to attract investment have been halting and confused.

ADJ-GRADED
= hesitant

2. haltingly

- She spoke haltingly of her deep upset and hurt.

- Kenya is moving haltingly towards democracy.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

halt

verb

1.

stop

break off

cease

come to an end

desist

rest

stand still

wait

2.

end

block

bring to an end

check

curb

cut short

nip in the bud

terminate

noun

3.

stop

close

end

pause

standstill

stoppage

halting

adjective

faltering

awkward

hesitant

laboured

stammering

stumbling

stuttering

halter

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:ltə]

[K.K.:ˈhɔltɚ]

n.

(马的)笼头, 缰绳

(女用的在颈和背后系带的)袒肩露背上装

halter

halter halters
A halter is a piece of leather or rope that is fastened round the head of a horse so that it can be led easily.
N-COUNT

halterneck

adj.

露背的(衣服)

halterneck

1. halterneck halternecks
A piece of clothing with a halterneck has a strap that goes around the back of the neck, rather than a strap over each shoulder.
N-COUNT

2. halterneck
Also an adjective.

- ...a halterneck evening dress.

ADJ: ADJ n

ham

[D.J.:hæm]

[K.K.:hæm]

n.

火腿

ham **

1. ham hams
Ham is meat from the top of the back leg of a pig, specially treated so that it can be kept for a long period of time.

- ...a huge baked ham.

- ...ham sandwiches.

- ...a dozen slices of ham.

N-VAR

2. ham hams
A ham is a person whose hobby consists of using special radio equipment to talk to other people with the same hobby, often people who are in other countries.

- I became a ham radio operator at the age of eleven.

N-COUNT

3. ham hams
A ham actor is someone who acts badly, exaggerating every emotion and gesture.
N-COUNT: oft N n

4. ham
If actors or actresses ham it up , they exaggerate every emotion and gesture when they are acting, often deliberately because they think that the audience will be more amused.

- Thrusting themselves into the spirit of the farce, they ham it up like mad.

PHR: V inflects

hamburger

[D.J.:ˈhæmbə:ɡə]

[K.K.:ˈhæmˌbɚɡɚ]

n.

汉堡包

hamburger *

hamburger hamburgers
A hamburger is minced meat which has been shaped into a flat disc. Hamburgers are fried or grilled and then eaten, often in a bread roll.
N-COUNT

ham-fisted

[D.J.:hæmˈfistid]

[K.K.:ˈhæmˌfɪstɪd]

adj.

愚笨的,拳头很大的

ham-fisted

ham-fisted
If you describe someone as ham-fisted , you mean that they are clumsy, especially in the way that they use their hands.

- They can all be made in minutes by even the most ham-fisted of cooks.

ADJ-GRADED

hamlet

[D.J.:ˈhæmlɪt]

[K.K.:ˈhæmlɪt]

n.

小村庄

hamlet *

hamlet hamlets
A hamlet is a very small village.
N-COUNT

hammer

[D.J.:ˈhæmə]

[K.K.:ˈhæmɚ]

n.

锤, 铁榔头

vt. & vi.

锤打

vt.

击败

hammered

[D.J.:ˈhæməd]

[K.K.:ˈhæməd]

adj.

锤成的,铸打成的

hammering

[ˈhæməriŋ]

n.

锤打,锤打的声音

hammer **

1. hammer hammers
A hammer is a tool that consists of a heavy piece of metal at the end of a handle. It is used, for example, to hit nails into a piece of wood or a wall, or to break things into pieces.

- He used a hammer and chisel to chip away at the wall.

N-COUNT

2. hammer hammers hammering hammered
If you hammer an object such as a nail, you hit it with a hammer.

- To avoid damaging the tree, hammer a wooden peg into the hole.

- Builders were still hammering outside the window.

VB

3. hammer in hammers in; hammering in; hammered in
Hammer in means the same as hammer .

- The workers kneel on the ground and hammer the small stones in.

PHR-V

4. hammering

- The noise of hammering was dulled by the secondary glazing.

N-UNCOUNT

5. hammer hammers hammering hammered
If you hammer on a surface, you hit it several times in order to make a noise, or to emphasize something you are saying when you are angry.

- We had to hammer and shout before they would open up.

- A crowd of reporters was hammering on the door.

- He hammered his two clenched fists on the table.

VB
= pound

6. hammering

- As he said it, there was a hammering outside.

N-SING

7. hammer hammers hammering hammered
If you hammer something such as an idea into people or you hammer at it, you keep repeating it forcefully so that it will have an effect on people.

- He hammered it into me that I had not suddenly become a rotten goalkeeper.

- Recent advertising campaigns from the industry have hammered at these themes.

VB

8. hammer hammers hammering hammered
If you say that someone hammers another person, you mean that they attack, criticize, or punish the other person severely. (mainly BRIT)

- The report hammers the private motorist.

- If we turned up late we would be hammered by everybody.

VB

9. hammering

- Parents have taken a terrible hammering.

N-SING

10. hammer hammered
If you say that businesses are being hammered , you mean that they are being unfairly harmed, for example by a change in taxes or by bad economic conditions. (BRIT)

- Look at the numbers of small businesses that are being hammered unmercifully.

- The company has been hammered by the downturn in the construction and motor industries.

V-PASSIVE

11. hammer hammers hammering hammered
In sports, if you say that one player or team hammered another, you mean that the first player or team defeated the second completely and easily. (BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- He hammered the young left-hander in four straight sets.

VB
= thrash

12. hammering

- Our cricketers are suffering their ritual hammering at the hands of the Aussies.

N-SING
= thrashing

13. hammer hammers hammering hammered
If someone's heart is hammering , it is beating very fast, usually because they are frightened. (LITERARY)

- My heart was hammering. The footsteps had stopped outside my door.

VB
= pound

14. hammer hammers
In machines and instruments, a hammer is a part that hits another part. For example, in a gun the hammer causes the explosion which makes the bullet shoot out of it, and in a piano the hammers hit the strings and cause the sounds.
N-COUNT

15. hammer hammers
In athletics, a hammer is a heavy weight on a piece of wire, which the athlete throws as far as possible.
N-COUNT

16. hammer
The hammer also refers to the sport of throwing the hammer.

- Events like the hammer and the discus are not traditional crowd-pullers in the West.

N-SING: the N

17. hammer
If you say that someone was going at something hammer and tongs , you mean that they were doing it with great enthusiasm or energy.

- He loved gardening. He went at it hammer and tongs as soon as he got back from work.

- They yell, shout and argue. For six hours a night they go at it, hammer and tongs.

PHR: PHR after v

18. hammer
If you say that something goes, comes, or is under the hammer , you mean that it is going to be sold at an auction.

- Ian Fleming's original unpublished notes are to go under the hammer at London auctioneers Sotheby's.

PHR: PHR after v

hammer

verb

1.

hit

bang

beat

drive

knock

strike

tap

2.

defeat

beat

drub

run rings around informal

thrash

trounce

wipe the floor with informal

hammer away **

1. hammer away hammers away; hammering away; hammered away
If you hammer away at a task or activity, you work at it constantly and with great energy.

- Palmer kept hammering away at his report.

PHR-V

2. hammer away hammers away; hammering away; hammered away
If you hammer away at an idea or subject, you keep talking about it, especially because you disapprove of it.

- They also hammered away at Labor's plans to raise taxes.

PHR-V

hammer out **

hammer out hammers out; hammering out; hammered out
If people hammer out an agreement or treaty, they succeed in producing it after a long or difficult discussion.

- I think we can hammer out a solution.

- The new fixture package has been hammered out by the Premiership clubs in talks over the last ten days.

PHR-V

hammock

[D.J.:ˈhæmək]

[K.K.:ˈhæmək]

n.

吊床

hammock

hammock hammocks
A hammock is a piece of strong cloth or netting which is hung between two supports and used as a bed.
N-COUNT

hamper

[D.J.:ˈhæmpə]

[K.K.:ˈhæmpɚ]

vt.

妨碍, 束缚, 限制

n.

(有盖的)大篮子

hamper **

1. hamper hampers hampering hampered
If someone or something hampers you, they makes it difficult for you to do what you are trying to do.

- The bad weather hampered rescue operations.

- I was hampered by a lack of information.

VB

2. hamper hampers
A hamper is a basket containing food of various kinds that is given to people as a present.

- ...a luxury food hamper.

N-COUNT

3. hamper hampers
A hamper is a large basket with a lid, used especially for carrying food in.

- ...a picnic hamper.

N-COUNT

hamper

verb Informal

hinder

frustrate

hamstring

handicap

impede

interfere with

obstruct

prevent

restrict

hamster

[D.J.:ˈhæmstə]

[K.K.:ˈhæmstɚ]

n.

<动>仓鼠

hamster

hamster hamsters
A hamster is a small furry animal which is similar to a mouse, and which is often kept as a pet.
N-COUNT

hamstring

[D.J.:ˈhæmstriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhæmˌstrɪŋ]

vt.

使无能为力; 使不起作用; 削弱…的活动能力

n.

腿腱; 旁腱

hamstring *

1. hamstring hamstrings
A hamstring is a length of tissue or tendon behind your knee which joins the muscles of your thigh to the bones of your lower leg.

- Webster has not played since suffering a hamstring injury in the opening game.

N-COUNT

2. hamstring hamstrings hamstringing hamstrung
If you hamstring someone, you make it very difficult for them to take any action.

- If he becomes the major opposition leader, he could hamstring a conservative-led coalition.

VB

hand

[D.J.:hænd]

[K.K.:hænd]

n.

手

(钟表等的)指针

人手, 员工

有手艺[技能]的人

帮助, 援助

vt.

递, 交付, 传给

handed

[D.J.:ˈhændid]

[K.K.:ˈhændɪd]

adj.

有手的

hand 1 noun uses and phrases *****

1. hand hands
Your hands are the parts of your body at the end of your arms. Each hand has four fingers and a thumb.

- I put my hand into my pocket and pulled out the letter.

- Sylvia, camera in hand, asked, `Where do we go first?'

N-COUNT

2. hand
The hand of someone or something is their influence in an event or situation.

- The hand of the military authorities can be seen in the entire electoral process.

- The study will strengthen the hand of congressmen who want stricter enforcement of the 14-year-old Act.

N-SING: with poss

3. hand hands
If you say that something is in a particular person's hands , you mean that they are looking after it, own it, or are responsible for it.

- I feel that possibly the majority of these dogs are in the wrong hands.

- He is leaving his north London business in the hands of a colleague.

- We're in safe hands.

- The Government is openly encouraging the transfer of one of our greatest public buildings into private hands.

N-PLURAL: usu in/into N

4. hand
If you ask someone for a hand with something, you are asking them to help you in what you are doing.

- I could see you'd want a hand with the children.

- Come and give me a hand in the garden.

- We gave him a hand bringing it back.

N-SING: a N, oft N with n

5. hand hands
A hand is someone, usually a man, who does hard physical work, for example in a factory or on a farm, as part of a group of people who all do similar work.

- He now works as a farm hand.

- He met mill hands, miners and farm labourers.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

6. hand
If someone asks an audience to give someone a hand , they are asking the audience to clap loudly, usually before or after that person performs.

- Let's give 'em a big hand.

N-SING: a N

7. hand hands
If a man asks for a woman's hand in marriage, he asks her or her parents for permission to marry her. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He came to ask Usha's father for her hand in marriage.

N-COUNT: usu sing, poss N, oft N in n

8. hand hands
In a game of cards, your hand is the set of cards that you are holding in your hand at a particular time or the cards that are dealt to you at the beginning of the game.

- He carefully inspected his hand.

N-COUNT

9. hand hands
A hand is a measurement of four inches, which is used for measuring the height of a horse from its front feet to its shoulders.

- I had a very good 14.2 hands pony, called Brandy.

N-COUNT: usu num N

10. hand hands
The hands of a clock or watch are the thin pieces of metal or plastic that indicate what time it is.
N-COUNT

11. hand
Your hand is the style in which you write with a pen or pencil. (LITERARY)

- The manuscripts were written in the composer's own hand.

N-SING: usu poss N
= handwriting

12. hand
If something is at hand , near at hand , or close at hand , it is very near in place or time.

- Having the right equipment at hand will be enormously helpful.

- Realizing that his retirement was near at hand, he looked for some additional income.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR
= to hand

13. hand
If someone experiences a particular kind of treatment, especially unpleasant treatment, at the hands of a person or organization, they receive it from them.

- The civilian population were suffering greatly at the hands of the security forces.

PHR-PREP: PREP n

14. hand
If you do something by hand , you do it using your hands rather than a machine.

- Each pleat was stitched in place by hand.

PHR: PHR after v
= manually

15. hand
When something changes hands , its ownership changes, usually because it is sold to someone else.

- The firm has changed hands many times over the years.

PHR: V inflects

16. hand
If you have someone eating out of your hand , they are completely under your control.

- Parker could have customers eating out of his hand.

PHR: V and N inflect

17. hand
If someone is bound hand and foot , both their hands and both their feet are tied together.
PHR: usu -ed PHR

18. hand
If you force someone's hand , you force them to act sooner than they want to, or to act in public when they would prefer to keep their actions secret.

- He blamed the press for forcing his hand.

PHR: V and N inflect

19. hand
If you have your hands full with something, you are very busy because of it.

- She had her hands full with new arrivals.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR with n

20. hand
If someone gives you a free hand , they give you the freedom to use your own judgement and to do exactly as you wish.

- He gave Stephanie a free hand in the decoration.

PHR: PHR after v

21. hand
If you say that someone is making or losing money hand over fist , you mean that they are getting or losing a lot of money very quickly.
PHR: PHR after v

22. hand
If you get your hands on something or lay your hands on something, you manage to find it or obtain it, usually after some difficulty. (INFORMAL)

- Patty began reading everything she could get her hands on.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= get hold of

23. hand
If you work hand in glove with someone, you work very closely with them.

- The UN inspectors work hand in glove with the western intelligence agencies.

PHR: usu PHR with n

24. hand
If two people are hand in hand , they are holding each other's nearest hand, usually while they are walking or sitting together. People often do this to show their affection for each other.

- I saw them making their way, hand in hand, down the path.

PHR: usu PHR after v, PHR with cl

25. hand
If two things go hand in hand , they are closely connected and cannot be considered separately from each other.

- For us, research and teaching go hand in hand.

- Hand in hand with the police inquiries the government has also announced a full investigation.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR, oft PHR with n

26. hand
If you have a hand in something such as an event or activity, you are involved in it.

- He thanked all who had a hand in his release.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

27. hand
If you say that someone such as the ruler of a country treats people with a heavy hand , you are criticizing them because they are very strict and severe with them.

- Henry and Richard both ruled with a heavy hand.

PHR: usu with PHR disapproval

28. hand
If two people are holding hands , they are holding each other's nearest hand, usually while they are walking or sitting together. People often do this to show their affection for each other.

- She approached a young couple holding hands on a bench.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, pl-n PHR, PHR with n

29. hand
If you ask someone to hold your hand at an event that you are worried about, you ask them to support you by being there with you. (INFORMAL)

- I don't need anyone to hold my hand.

PHR: V and N inflect

30. hand
In a competition, if someone has games or matches in hand , they have more games or matches left to play than their opponent and therefore have the possibility of scoring more points. (BRIT)

- Wales are three points behind Romania in the group but have a game in hand.

PHR: n PHR

31. hand
If you have time or money in hand , you have more time or money than you need. (BRIT)

- Hughes finished with 15 seconds in hand.

PHR: usu with amount PHR

32. hand
The job or problem in hand is the job or problem that you are dealing with at the moment.

- The business in hand was approaching some kind of climax.

PHR: n PHR, v-link PHR

33. hand
If a situation is in hand , it is under control.

- The Olympic organisers say that matters are well in hand.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

34. hand
If you do something to keep your hand in , you practise a skill or hobby occasionally in order to remain fairly good at it. (INFORMAL)

- He still plays keyboards for a local band to keep his hand in.

PHR: V and N inflect

35. hand
If you are on your hands and knees , your knees and feet and the palms of your hands are touching the ground.

- Chris crawled on his hands and knees out onto the highway.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v
= on all fours

36. hand
If you lend someone a hand , you help them.

- I'd be glad to lend a hand.

PHR: V inflects

37. hand
If someone lives hand to mouth or lives from hand to mouth , they have hardly enough food or money to live on.
PHR: V inflects
See also hand-to-mouth .

38. hand
If you tell someone to keep their hands off something or to take their hands off it, you are telling them in a rather aggressive way not to touch it or interfere with it.

- Keep your hands off my milk.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

39. hand
If you do not know something off hand , you do not know it without having to ask anyone else or look it up in a book. (SPOKEN)

- I can't think of any off hand.

PHR: usu with brd-neg, PHR after v

40. hand
If you have a problem or responsibility on your hands , you have to deal with it. If it is off your hands , you no longer have to deal with it.

- They now have yet another drug problem on their hands.

- She would like the worry of dealing with her affairs taken off her hands.

PHR: PHR after v

41. hand
If someone or something is on hand , they are near and able to be used if they are needed.

- The Bridal Department will have experts on hand to give you all the help and advice you need.

- There was simply no cash on hand to meet the cost of food.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR
= available

42. hand
You use on the one hand to introduce the first of two contrasting points, facts, or ways of looking at something. It is always followed later by on the other hand or `on the other'.

- On the one hand, if the body doesn't have enough cholesterol, we would not be able to survive. On the other hand, if the body has too much cholesterol, the excess begins to line the arteries.

PHR: PHR with cl

43. hand
You use on the other hand to introduce the second of two contrasting points, facts, or ways of looking at something.

- Well, all right, hospitals lose money. But, on the other hand, if people are healthy, don't think of it as losing money; think of it as saving lives.

PHR

44. hand
If a person or a situation gets out of hand , you are no longer able to control them.

- His drinking had got out of hand.

PHR: v-link PHR

45. hand
If you dismiss or reject something out of hand , you do so immediately and do not consider believing or accepting it.

- I initially dismissed the idea out of hand.

PHR: PHR after v
= out of control

46. hand
If you play into someone's hands , you do something which they want you to do and which places you in their power. (JOURNALISM)

- He is playing into the hands of racists.

PHR: V inflects

47. hand
If you show your hand , you show how much power you have and the way you intend to act.

- Doyle showed his hand by attacking after just four laps in the 43-lap race.

PHR: V and N inflect

48. hand
If you take something or someone in hand , you take control or responsibility over them, especially in order to improve them.

- I hope that Parliament will soon take it in hand.

- He had thought her worth taking in hand.

PHR: V inflects

49. hand
If someone throws up their hands , they express their anger, frustration, or disgust when a situation becomes so bad that they can no longer accept it.

- She threw up her hands in despair.

- Or are they just going to throw up their hands and say you're asking too much?

PHR: V inflects

50. hand
If you say that your hands are tied , you mean that something is preventing you from acting in the way that you want to.

- Politicians are always saying that they want to help us but their hands are tied.

- Her hands were tied by the way that the US constitution is structured.

PHR: V inflects

51. hand
If you have something to hand or near to hand , you have it with you or near you, ready to use when needed.

- You may want to keep this brochure safe, so you have it to hand whenever you may need it.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR
= at hand

52. hand
If you try your hand at an activity, you attempt to do it, usually for the first time.

- After he left school, he tried his hand at a variety of jobs -- bricklayer, cinema usher, coal man.

PHR: V and N inflect, usu PHR at n/-ing
= have a go

53. hand
If you turn your hand to something such as a practical activity, you learn about it and do it for the first time.

- ...a person who can turn his hand to anything.

PHR: V and N inflect, PHR n

54. hand
If you wash your hands of someone or something, you refuse to be involved with them any more or to take responsibility for them.

- He seems to have washed his hands of the job.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

55. hand
If you win hands down , you win very easily.
PHR: V inflects

hand 2 verb uses ****

1. hand hands handing handed
If you hand something to someone, you pass it to them.

- He handed me a little rectangle of white paper.

- He took a thick envelope from an inside pocket and handed it to me.

VB

2. hand
You say things such as ` You have to hand it to her ' or ` You've got to hand it to them ' when you admire someone for their skills or achievements and you think they deserve a lot of praise. (INFORMAL)

- You've got to hand it to Melissa, she certainly gets around.

PHR approval

hand

noun

1.

palm

fist

mitt slang

paw informal

2.

hired man

artisan

craftsman

employee

labourer

operative

worker

workman

3.

penmanship

calligraphy

handwriting

script

4.

ovation

clap

round of applause

at or on hand

5.

nearby

at one's fingertips

available

close

handy

near

ready

within reach

verb

6.

pass

deliver

hand over

hand around ****

hand around hands around; handing around; handed around
If you hand around or hand round something such as food, you pass it from one person to another in a group.

- John handed round the plate of sandwiches.

- ...the free Jamaican cigars that were always handed around at official functions...

- Dean produced another bottle and handed it round.

PHR-V (BRIT) also hand round
= distribute

hand back ****

hand back hands back; handing back; handed back
If you hand back something that you have borrowed or taken from someone, you return it to them.

- The management handed back his few possessions.

- He took a saxophone from the Salvation Army but was caught and had to hand it back.

- He handed the book back to her.

- He unlocked her door and handed her back the key.

PHR-V
= give back

hand down ****

1. hand down hands down; handing down; handed down
If you hand down something such as knowledge, a possession, or a skill, you give or leave it to people who belong to a younger generation.

- The idea of handing down his knowledge from generation to generation is important to McLean.

- ...a Ukrainian folk heritage handed down from their parents.

PHR-V
= pass on

2. hand down hands down; handing down; handed down
When a particular decision is handed down by someone in authority, it is given by them. (JOURNALISM)

- Tougher sentences are being handed down these days.

- She is expected soon to hand down a ruling.

PHR-V

hand in ****

1. hand in hands in; handing in; handed in
If you hand in something such as homework or something that you have found, you give it to a teacher, police officer, or other person in authority.

- I'm supposed to have handed in a first draft of my dissertation.

- My advice to anyone who finds anything on a bus is to hand it in to the police.

PHR-V

2. hand in hands in; handing in; handed in
If you hand in your notice or resignation, you tell your employer, in speech or in writing, that you no longer wish to work for them.

- I handed my notice in on Saturday.

- All eighty opposition members of parliament have handed in their resignation.

PHR-V

hand on ****

hand on hands on; handing on; handed on
If you hand something on , you give it or transfer it to another person, often someone who replaces you.

- The government is criticised for not handing on information about missing funds.

- His chauffeur-driven car and company mobile phone will be handed on to his successor.

PHR-V
= pass on

hand out ****

1. hand out hands out; handing out; handed out
If you hand things out to people, you give one or more to each person in a group.

- One of my jobs was to hand out the prizes.

- Food is still being handed out.

PHR-V
= give out

2. hand out hands out; handing out; handed out
When people in authority hand out something such as advice or permission to do something, they give it.

- I listened to a lot of people handing out a lot of advice.

- Planning permission is handed out sparingly.

PHR-V

hand over ****

1. hand over hands over; handing over; handed over
If you hand something over to someone, you pass it to them.

- He also handed over a letter of apology from the Prime Minister.

- `I've got his card.' Judith said, handing it over.

PHR-V

2. hand over hands over; handing over; handed over
When you hand over someone such as a prisoner to someone else, you give the control of and responsibility for them to that other person.

- They would just catch the robbers and hand them over to the police.

- This morning the American was formally handed over to the ambassador.

PHR-V

3. hand over hands over; handing over; handed over
If you hand over to someone or hand something over to them, you give them the responsibility for dealing with a particular situation or problem.

- The present leaders have to decide whether to stand down and hand over to a younger generation.

- I wouldn't dare hand this project over to anyone else.

- They would like to hand over their financial affairs to another body.

PHR-V

hand-

hand-
Hand- combines with past participles to indicate that something has been made by someone using their hands or using tools rather than by machines.

- ...handcrafted jewelry.

- ...handbuilt cars.

COMB in ADJ: COMB -ed

handbag

[D.J.:ˈhændbæɡ]

[K.K.:ˈhændˌbæɡ]

n.

(女用)手提包, 手提袋

handbag *

handbag handbags
A handbag is a small bag which a woman uses to carry things such as her money and keys in when she goes out.
N-COUNT

handball

[D.J.:ˈhændbɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈhændˌbɔl]

n.

手球

handball

1. handball
In Britain, handball is a team sport in which the players try to score goals by throwing or hitting a large ball with their hand.
N-UNCOUNT The spelling hand-ball is also used.

2. handball
In the United States and some other countries, handball is a sport in which players try to score points by hitting a small ball against a wall with their hand.
N-UNCOUNT The spelling hand-ball is also used.

3. handball
Handball is the act of touching the ball with your hand during a soccer game, which is not allowed. (BRIT)

- He got sent off for deliberate handball in the 32nd minute.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N The spelling hand-ball is also used.

handbill

[D.J.:ˈhændˌbɪl]

[K.K.:ˈhændˌbɪl]

n.

传单

handbill

handbill handbills
A handbill is a small printed notice which is used to advertise a particular company, service, or event.

- He was distributing handbills announcing his lecture when Nora caught her first glimpse of him.

N-COUNT

handbook

[D.J.:ˈhændbuk]

[K.K.:ˈhændˌbʊk]

n.

手册, 便览

handbook *

handbook handbooks
A handbook is a book that gives you advice and instructions about a particular subject, tool, or machine.

- If you have not kept a pet parrot before, it would be wise to purchase a handbook on the subject.

- ...the AA Members' Handbook.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= manual

handbook

noun

guidebook

Baedeker

guide

instruction book

manual

handbrake

手制动器,手闸

handbrake

handbrake handbrakes
In a vehicle, the handbrake is a brake which the driver operates with his or her hand, for example when parking. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use emergency brake )
N-COUNT also hand brake .

handcart

[D.J.:ˈhændkɑ:t]

[K.K.:ˈhændˌkɑrt]

n.

手车,手推车

handcart

handcart handcarts
A handcart is a small cart with two wheels which is pushed or pulled along and is used for transporting goods.
N-COUNT also hand-cart .
= barrow

handclap

[D.J.:ˈhændklæp]

[K.K.:ˈhændˌklæp]

n.

鼓掌,拍手

handclap

handclap handclaps
If a group of people give a handclap , they clap their hands.

- ...the crowd's slow handclap.

N-COUNT

handcuff

[D.J.:ˈhændˌkʌf]

[K.K.:ˈhændˌkʌf]

n.

手铐

<喻>镣铐,束缚

vt.

给…戴上手铐

束缚…的手脚,限制

handcuffs

[D.J.:ˈhændkʌfs]

n.

手铐

handcuff *

1. handcuff handcuffs
Handcuffs are two metal rings which are joined together and can be locked round someone's wrists, usually by the police during an arrest.

- He was led away to jail in handcuffs.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

2. handcuff handcuffs handcuffing handcuffed
If you handcuff someone, you put handcuffs around their wrists.

- They tried to handcuff him but, despite his injuries, he fought his way free.

VB

handcuff

verb

shackle

fetter

manacle

handcuffs

plural noun

shackles

cuffs informal

fetters

manacles

-hander

-hander
-hander combines with words like `two' or `three' to form nouns which indicate how many people are involved in a particular activity, especially a play or a film. (mainly BRIT)

- ...a two-hander play...

- Williams's play is a tense contemporary three-hander about two murderers and a bank-robber.

COMB in N-COUNT: oft N n
See also left-hander , right-hander .

handful

[D.J.:ˈhændful]

[K.K.:ˈhændˌfʊl]

adj.

一把

少数

handful **

1. handful
A handful of people or things is a small number of them.

- He surveyed the handful of customers at the bar.

- One spring morning a handful of potential investors assembled in Quincy.

N-SING: usu N of n

2. handful handfuls
A handful of something is the amount of it that you can hold in your hand.

- She scooped up a handful of sand and let it trickle through her fingers.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. handful
If you say that someone, especially a child, is a handful , you mean that they are difficult to control. (INFORMAL)

- Zara can be a handful sometimes.

N-SING

handful

noun

few

small number

smattering

sprinkling

hand grenade *

hand grenade hand grenades
A hand grenade is the same as a grenade .
N-COUNT

handgun

[D.J.:ˈhændˌgʌn]

[K.K.:ˈhændˌɡʌn]

n.

手枪

handgun *

handgun handguns
A handgun is a gun that you can hold, carry, and fire with one hand.
N-COUNT also hand gun .

hand-held

[D.J.:ˈhændˌheld]

[K.K.:ˈhændˌhɛld]

adj.

手提式的；手执的

hand-held *

hand-held
A hand-held device such as a camera or a computer is small and light enough to be used while you are holding it.

- Saivonsac shot the entire film with a hand-held camera.

- ...a hand-held electric mixer.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also handheld .

handhold

[D.J.:ˈhændˌhəʊld]

[K.K.:ˈhændˌhold]

n.

握住,把柄,线索

handhold

handhold handholds
A handhold is a small hole or hollow in something such as rock or a wall that you can put your hand in if you are trying to climb it.

- I found handholds and hoisted myself along.

N-COUNT

handicap

[D.J.:ˈhændikæp]

[K.K.:ˈhændiˌkæp]

n.

障碍

(生理或智力上的)缺陷; 残疾

加给强对手的不利条件

vt.

妨碍; 使不利

使(某人)行动和生活不正常

handicapped

[D.J.:ˈhændi:ˌkæpt]

[K.K.:ˈhændiˌkæpt]

adj.

残疾的;弱智的

handicap **

1. handicap handicaps
A handicap is a physical or mental disability.

- He lost his leg when he was ten, but learnt to overcome his handicap.

N-COUNT

2. handicap handicaps
A handicap is an event or situation that places you at a disadvantage and makes it harder for you to do something.

- She was away from school for 15 weeks, a handicap she could have done without.

- Being a foreigner was not a handicap.

N-COUNT

3. handicap handicaps handicapping handicapped
If an event or a situation handicaps someone or something, it places them at a disadvantage.

- Greater levels of stress may seriously handicap some students.

- The industrial injuries scheme takes into account the actual disability and whether it handicaps a person in working.

VB

4. handicap handicaps
In golf, a handicap is an advantage given to someone who is not a good player, in order to make the players more equal. As you improve, your handicap gets lower.

- I see your handicap is down from 16 to 12.

N-COUNT

5. handicap handicaps
In horse racing, a handicap is a race in which some competitors are given a disadvantage of extra weight in an attempt to give everyone an equal chance of winning.
N-COUNT

handicapped **

1. handicapped
Someone who is handicapped has a physical or mental disability that prevents them living a totally normal life.

- I'm going to work two days a week teaching handicapped kids to fish.

- Alex was mentally handicapped.

ADJ-GRADED

2. handicapped
You can refer to people who are handicapped as the handicapped .

- ...measures to prevent discrimination against the handicapped.

N-PLURAL: the N

handicap

noun

1.

disadvantage

barrier

drawback

hindrance

impediment

limitation

obstacle

restriction

stumbling block

2.

advantage

head start

3.

disability

defect

impairment

verb

4.

restrict

burden

encumber

hamper

hamstring

hinder

hold back

impede

limit

handicraft

[D.J.:ˈhændi:ˌkræft]

[K.K.:ˈhændiˌkræft]

n.

手工艺;手工艺品

handicraftsman

n.

手工业者;手工艺人

handicraftsman

[ˈhændiˌkrɑ:ftsmən]

n.

手艺人,巧手,工匠

handicraft

1. handicraft handicrafts
Handicrafts are activities such as embroidery and pottery which involve making things with your hands in a skilful way.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. handicraft handicrafts
Handicrafts are the objects that are produced by people doing handicrafts.

- She sells handicrafts to the tourists.

N-COUNT: usu pl

handicraft

noun

craftsmanship

art

craft

handiwork

skill

workmanship

handiwork

[D.J.:ˈhændi:ˌwɜ:k]

[K.K.:ˈhændiˌwə..k]

n.

手工, 手工艺(品)

结果, 行为

handiwork

handiwork
You can refer to something that you have done or made yourself as your handiwork .

- The architect stepped back to admire his handiwork.

- While the government said the fire was accidental, residents of the town alleged it was the handiwork of the security forces.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

handiwork

noun

creation

achievement

design

invention

product

production

handkerchief

[D.J.:ˈhæŋkətʃif]

[K.K.:ˈhæŋkətʃɪf, -ˌtʃif]

n.

手帕; 纸巾

handkerchief *

handkerchief handkerchiefs
A handkerchief is a small square piece of fabric which you use for blowing your nose.
N-COUNT

handle

[D.J.:ˈhændl]

[K.K.:ˈhændl]

n.

手柄, 把手

vi.

易于操作

vt.

处理, 应付, 对待

拿, 触, 摸

handled

adj.

有把手的,有把柄的

handling

[D.J.:ˈhændliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhændlɪŋ]

n.

处理

adj.

操作的

handle ****

1. handle handles
A handle is a small round object or a lever that is attached to a door and is used for opening and closing it.

- I turned the handle and found the door was open.

N-COUNT

2. handle handles
A handle is the part of an object such as a tool, bag, or cup that you hold in order to be able to pick up and use the object.

- The handle of a cricket bat protruded from under his arm.

- ...a broom handle.

N-COUNT

3. handle handles handling handled
If you say that someone can handle a problem or situation, you mean that they have the ability to deal with it successfully.

- To tell the truth, I don't know if I can handle the job.

- She cannot handle pressure.

- You must learn how to handle your feelings.

VB
= cope with

4. handle handles handling handled
If you talk about the way that someone handles a problem or situation, you mention whether or not they are successful in achieving the result they want.

- I think I would handle a meeting with Mr. Siegel very badly.

- She admitted to herself she didn't know how to handle the problem.

VB

5. handling

- The family has criticized the military's handling of Robert's death.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

6. handle handles handling handled
If you handle a particular area of work, you have responsibility for it.

- She handled travel arrangements for the press corps during the presidential campaign.

- The investigation is being handled by Scotland Yard's anti terrorist branch.

VB

7. handle handles handling handled
When you handle something such as a weapon, vehicle, or animal, you use it or control it, especially by using your hands.

- I had never handled an automatic.

VB

8. handle handles handling handled
If something such as a vehicle handles well, it is easy to use or control.

- His ship had handled like a dream!

VB

9. handle handles handling handled
When you handle something, you hold it or move it with your hands.

- Wear rubber gloves when handling cat litter.

VB

10. handle
If you have a handle on a subject or problem, you have a way of approaching it that helps you to understand it or deal with it. (INFORMAL)

- When you have got a handle on your anxiety you can begin to control it.

N-SING: a N on n

11. handle
If you fly off the handle , you suddenly and completely lose your temper. (INFORMAL)

- He flew off the handle at the slightest thing.

PHR: V inflects

handle

noun

1.

grip

haft

hilt

stock

verb

2.

hold

feel

finger

grasp

pick up

touch

3.

control

direct

guide

manage

manipulate

manoeuvre

4.

deal with

cope with

manage

handlebar

[ˈhænd(ə)lbɑ:]

n.

手把,八字胡

handlebars

[D.J.:ˈhændlb ɑ:z]

[K.K.:ˈhænd l..b ɑrz]

n.

(自行车等的)把手

handlebar

handlebar handlebars
The handlebar or handlebars of a bicycle consist of a curved metal bar with handles at each end which are used for steering.
N-COUNT

handlebar moustache

handlebar moustache handlebar moustaches
A handlebar moustache is a long thick moustache with curled ends.
N-COUNT also handlebar mustache .

handler

[D.J.:ˈhændlə]

[K.K.:ˈhændlɚ]

n.

(动物)驯化者

handlers

n.

操作者,陶器工人,经理人

handler *

1. handler handlers
A handler is someone whose job is to be in charge of and control an animal.

- Fifty officers, including frogmen and dog handlers, are searching for her.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

2. handler handlers
A handler is someone whose job is to deal with a particular type of object.

- ...baggage handlers at Gatwick airport.

N-COUNT: usu n N

hand luggage

hand luggage
When you travel by air, your hand luggage is the luggage you have with you in the plane, rather than the luggage that is carried in the hold.
N-UNCOUNT

handmade

[D.J.:ˈhændˈmeid]

[K.K.:ˈhændˈmed]

adj.

手工做的

handmade *

1. handmade
Handmade objects have been made by someone using their hands or using tools rather than by machines.

- As they're handmade, each one varies slightly.

- ...handmade chocolates.

ADJ also hand-made .

2. handmade
If something is handmade , it is made by someone using their hands or using tools rather than by machines.

- The beads they use are handmade in the Jura mountains in central France.

- These exquisitely ornate boxes and cabinets have been handmade and hand-painted by Indian craftspeople.

V-PASSIVE also hand-made .

handmaiden

[ˈhændmeid(ə)n]

n.

侍女,女仆

handmaiden

1. handmaiden handmaidens
A handmaiden is a female servant. (OLD-FASHIONED, LITERARY)
N-COUNT

2. handmaiden handmaidens
If one thing is the handmaiden of another, the first thing helps the second or makes it possible. (FORMAL)

- He disliked the idea that science should be a handmaiden to commerce.

N-COUNT: N of/to n

hand-me-down

[D.J.:ˈhændmi:ˌdaʊn]

[K.K.:ˈhændmiˌdaʊn]

adj.

非订作的便宜货,半新的

n.

旧的衣服,成衣

hand-me-down

1. hand-me-down hand-me-downs
Hand-me-downs are things, especially clothes, which have been used by someone else before you and which have been given to you for your use.

- Edward wore Andrew's hand-me-downs.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. hand-me-down
Hand-me-down is used to describe things, especially clothes, which have been used by someone else before you and which have been given to you for your use.

- Most of the boys wore hand-me-down military shirts from their fathers.

- ...hand-me-down tennis rackets.

ADJ: ADJ n

handout

[D.J.:ˈhændˌaʊt]

[K.K.:ˈhændˌaʊt]

n.

救济品;施舍物

印刷品, 讲义

handout *

1. handout handouts
A handout is a gift of money, clothing, or food, which is given free to poor people.

- Soldiers oversee the food handouts.

- Each family is being given a cash handout of six thousand rupees.

N-COUNT

2. handout handouts
If you call money that is given to someone a handout , you disapprove of it because you believe that the person who receives it has done nothing to earn or deserve it.

- ...the tendency of politicians to use money on vote-buying handouts rather than on investment in the future...

- The president called foreign aid a handout that fosters dependence on wealthy nations.

N-COUNT disapproval

3. handout handouts
A handout is a document which contains news or information about something and which is given, for example, to journalists or members of the public.

- Official handouts describe the Emperor as `particularly noted as a scholar'.

N-COUNT

4. handout handouts
A handout is a paper containing a summary of information or topics which will be dealt with in a lecture or talk.
N-COUNT

handover

[ˈhændˌəuvə]

n.

移交

handover *

handover handovers
The handover of something is when possession or control of it is given by one person or group of people to another.

- He said they would attach conditions to the handover of the base.

- The handover is expected to be completed in the next ten years.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

hand-picked

adj.

用手选出来的；精选的

hand-pick

hand-pick hand-picks hand-picking hand-picked
If someone is hand-picked , they are very carefully chosen by someone in authority for a particular purpose or a particular job.

- He was hand-picked for this job by the Admiral.

- The girls hand-picked the SECC for their first-ever full-scale British concert.

- ...his hand-picked successor.

VB also handpick .

handrail

[D.J.:ˈhændreil]

[K.K.:ˈhændˌrel]

n.

栏杆,扶手

handrail

handrail handrails
A handrail is a long piece of metal or wood which is fixed near stairs or places where people could slip and fall, and which people can hold on to for support.
N-COUNT

handset

[D.J.:ˈhændset]

[K.K.:ˈhændˌsɛt]

n.

电话听筒,手机,手持机

handset

1. handset handsets
The handset of a telephone is the part that you hold next to your face in order to speak and listen.
N-COUNT

2. handset handsets
You can refer to a device such as the remote control of a television or stereo as a handset .
N-COUNT

hands-free

hands-free
A hands-free phone or other device can be used without being held in your hand.
ADJ: ADJ n

handshake

[D.J.:ˈhændˌʃeɪk]

[K.K.:ˈhændˌʃek]

n.

握手

a golden handshake

(大笔的)退职金，解雇费

handshake *

handshake handshakes
If you give someone a handshake , you take their right hand with your own right hand and hold it firmly or move it up and down, as a sign of greeting or to show that you have agreed about something such as a business deal.

- John smiled and gave him a hearty handshake.

- He has a strong handshake.

N-COUNT
See also golden handshake .

handsome

[D.J.:ˈhænsəm]

[K.K.:ˈhænsəm]

adj.

(男子)英俊的

(女子)清秀的, 端庄健美的

数量多的

handsomely

[D.J.:ˈhænsɵmlɪ]

adv.

大方地,慷慨地

精致地,优美地

<海>缓慢小心地

handsome **

1. handsome
A handsome man has an attractive face with regular features.

- ...a tall, dark, handsome sheep farmer.

ADJ-GRADED
= good-looking

2. handsome
A handsome woman has an attractive appearance with features that are large and regular rather than small and delicate and that are considered to show strength of character.

- ...an extremely handsome woman with a beautiful voice.

ADJ-GRADED

3. handsome
A handsome sum of money is a large or generous amount. (FORMAL)

- They will make a handsome profit on the property.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

4. handsomely

- He was rewarded handsomely for his efforts.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. handsome
A place such as a building or garden that is handsome is large and well made with an attractive appearance.

- ...the ports of Dubrovnik and Zadar, with their handsome Renaissance buildings.

ADJ-GRADED

6. handsomely

- The drawing-room is handsomely proportioned.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed

7. handsome
If someone has a handsome win or a handsome victory, they get many more points or votes than their opponent.

- The opposition won a handsome victory in the election.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. handsomely

- The car ran perfectly to the finish, and we won handsomely.

ADV: ADV after v

handsome

adjective

1.

good-looking

attractive

comely

dishy informal chiefly Brit.

elegant

gorgeous

personable

well-proportioned

2.

large

abundant

ample

considerable

generous

liberal

plentiful

sizable or sizeable

hands-on

[D.J.:ˈhændzˈɔn, -ˈɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈhændzˈɑn, -ˈɔn]

adj.

亲自动手的;躬亲的

实际动手做的

实用的

hands-on *

hands-on
Hands-on experience or work involves actually doing a particular thing, rather than just talking about it or getting someone else to do it.

- Ninety-nine per cent of primary pupils now have hands-on experience of computers.

- This hands-on management approach often stretches his workday from 6 a.m. to 11 p.m.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

handstand

[D.J.:ˈhændˌstænd]

[K.K.:ˈhændˌstænd]

n.

倒立

handstand

handstand handstands
If you do a handstand , you balance yourself upside down on your hands with your body and legs straight up in the air.
N-COUNT

hand-to-hand

[D.J.:ˈhændtəˈhænd]

[K.K.:ˈhændtəˈhænd]

adj.

极接近的,白刃战的

hand-to-hand

hand-to-hand
Hand-to-hand fighting is fighting where the people are very close together, using either their hands or weapons such as knives.

- There was, reportedly, hand-to-hand combat in the streets.

- He suffered two broken ribs in a fierce hand-to-hand battle.

ADJ: ADJ n also hand to hand .

hand-to-mouth

[D.J.:ˈhændtəˈmaʊθ]

[K.K.:ˈhændtəˈmaʊθ]

adj.

无隔宿之粮的,仅能糊口的

hand-to-mouth

1. hand-to-mouth
A hand-to-mouth existence is a way of life in which you have hardly enough food or money to live on.

- Unloved and uncared-for, they live a meaningless hand to mouth existence.

ADJ-GRADED also hand to mouth .

2. hand-to-mouth
Also an adverb.

- I just can't live hand-to-mouth, it's too frightening.

ADV: ADV after v also hand to mouth .

hand tool

hand tool hand tools
Hand tools are fairly simple tools which you use with your hands, and which are usually not powered.
N-COUNT

handwash

handwash handwashes handwashing handwashed
If you handwash something, you wash it by hand rather than in a washing machine.
VB: V n

handwriting

[D.J.:ˈhændˌraitiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhændˌraɪtɪŋ]

n.

书法, 字迹

handwriting *

handwriting
Your handwriting is your style of writing with a pen or pencil.

- The address was in Anna's handwriting.

- I have to admit that I have bad handwriting.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N

handwriting

noun

penmanship

calligraphy

hand

scrawl

script

handwritten

[D.J.:ˌhændˈrɪtn]

adj.

手写的

handwritten *

handwritten
A piece of writing that is handwritten is one that someone has written using a pen or pencil rather than by typing it.
ADJ

handy

[D.J.:ˈhændi]

[K.K.:ˈhændi]

adj.

方便的

手边的; 附近的

手巧的

handy **

1. handy handier handiest
Something that is handy is useful.

- The book gives handy hints on looking after indoor plants.

- Credit cards can be handy -- they mean you do not have to carry large sums of cash.

ADJ-GRADED

2. handy
If something comes in handy , it is useful in a particular situation.

- That key will come in handy if you lock yourself out.

- The $20 check came in very handy.

PHR: V inflects

3. handy handier handiest
A thing or place that is handy is nearby and therefore easy to get or reach.

- It would be good to have a pencil and paper handy.

- Keep handy a lightweight sweater or cardigan.

- This lively town is handy for Londoners.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

4. handy handier handiest
Someone who is handy with a particular tool is skilful at using it. (INFORMAL)

- If you're handy with a needle you could brighten up your sweater with giant daisies.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with n

handy

adjective

1.

available

accessible

at hand

at one's fingertips

close

convenient

nearby

on hand

within reach

2.

useful

convenient

easy to use

helpful

manageable

neat

practical

serviceable

user-friendly

3.

skilful

adept

adroit

deft

dexterous

expert

proficient

skilled

handyman

[D.J.:ˈhændimæn]

[K.K.:ˈhændiˌmæn]

n.

受雇做杂事的人,做零活的人

handyman

handyman handymen
A handyman is a man who earns money by doing small jobs for people such as making and repairing things in their houses. You can also describe a man who is good at making or repairing things in his home as a handyman .
N-COUNT

hang

[D.J.:hæŋ]

[K.K.:hæŋ]

vt. & vi.

悬, 挂, 垂下

(被)绞死, 吊死

贴, 固定, 安装

hanging

[D.J.:ˈhæŋɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhæŋɪŋ]

n.

绞死;绞刑

(墙上装饰用的)帘子,帷幔

adj.

应处以死刑的

量刑偏重的

hang ****

1. hang hangs hanging hanged
If something hangs in a high place or position, or if you hang it there, it is attached there so it does not touch the ground.

- Notices painted on sheets hang at every entrance.

- A light-bulb hanging from the ceiling filled the room with a cold yellow light.

- The curtains will be hanging there for years.

- I was left hanging by my finger-tips over a drop of hundreds of feet.

- ...small hanging lanterns...

- They saw a young woman come out of the house to hang clothes on a line.

V-ERG The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

2. hang up hangs up; hanging up; hanged up
Hang up means the same as hang .

- I found his jacket, which was hanging up in the hallway.

- Some prisoners climbed onto the roof and hung up a banner.

PHR-V-ERG The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

3. hang hangs hanging hanged
If a piece of clothing or fabric hangs in a particular way or position, that is how it is worn or arranged.

- ...a ragged fur coat that hung down to her calves...

- Look for a suit made from good, sturdy cloth to ensure it hangs well.

- She stood with her hands on her hips, the shawl hanging loose from her shoulders.

VB The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

4. hang hangs hanging hanged
If something hangs loose or hangs open, it is partly fixed in position, but is not firmly held, supported, or controlled, often in such a way that it moves freely.

- ...her long golden hair which hung loose about her shoulders...

- The window sashes were missing, the doors hung open, or were gone altogether.

- She froze, her mouth hanging open.

VB The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

5. hang hangs hanging hanged
If something such as a wall is hung with pictures or other objects, they are attached to it.

- The walls were hung with huge modern paintings.

- ...a line of wall hooks hung with old anoraks and mud-stained overalls.

VB: usu passive The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

6. hang hangs hanging hanged
If someone is hanged or if they hang , they are killed, usually as a punishment, by having a rope tied around their neck and the support taken away from under their feet.

- The five were expected to be hanged at 7 am on Tuesday.

- It is right that their murderers should hang.

- He hanged himself two hours after arriving at a mental hospital.

V-ERG The form hung is used as the past participle. The form hanged is used as the past tense.

7. hanging hangings

- Four steamboat loads of spectators came to view a hanging in New Orleans.

N-VAR

8. hang hangs hanging hanged
If something such as someone's breath or smoke hangs in the air, it remains there without appearing to move or change position.

- His breath was hanging in the air before him.

- A haze of expensive perfume hangs around her.

VB The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.
= linger

9. hang hangs hanging hanged
If a possibility hangs over you, it worries you and makes your life unpleasant or difficult because you think it might happen.

- A constant threat of unemployment hangs over thousands of university researchers.

- A question mark hangs over many of their futures.

VB The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

10. hang hangs hanging hanged
Hang is used in expressions such as hang it and hang the money to indicate that you are not concerned about something or the consequences of doing something. (INFORMAL)

- Once the Americans decide to do a thing, they do it well, and hang the cost.

VB: only imper The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

11. hang
If you get the hang of something such as a skill or activity, you begin to understand or realize how to do it. (INFORMAL)

- It's a bit tricky at first till you get the hang of it.

PHR: V inflects: PHR n The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

12. hang
If you tell someone to hang in there or to hang on in there , you are encouraging them to keep trying to do something and not to give up even though it might be difficult. (INFORMAL)

- Hang in there and you never know what is achievable.

PHR: V inflects The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

13. hang
If you let it all hang out , you relax completely and enjoy yourself without worrying about hiding your emotions or behaving politely. (INFORMAL)
PHR: let inflects

hang up ****

1. hang up hangs up; hanging up; hanged up
If you hang up or you hang up the phone, you end a phone call. If you hang up on someone you are speaking to on the phone, you end the phone call suddenly and unexpectedly.

- Mum hung up the phone.

- Don't hang up!.

- He said he'd call again, and hung up on me.

PHR-V The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

2. hang up hangs up; hanging up; hanged up
You can use hang up to indicate that someone stops doing a particular sport or activity that they have regularly done over a long period. For example, when a footballer hangs up his boots, he stops playing football.

- Keegan announced he was hanging up his boots for good.

- Looking back, she feels she should never have hung up her backpack.

PHR-V The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

hanging

hanging hangings
A hanging is a large piece of cloth that you put as a decoration on a wall.

- ...a giant antique embroidered hanging.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

hang

verb

1.

suspend

dangle

droop

2.

execute

lynch

string up informal

noun

get the hang of

3.

grasp

comprehend

understand

hang around ****

1. hang around hangs around; hanging around; hanged around
If you hang around , hang about , or hang round , you stay in the same place doing nothing, usually because you are waiting for something or someone. (INFORMAL)

- He got sick of hanging around waiting for me.

- On Saturdays we hang about in the park.

- ...those people hanging round the streets at 6 am with nowhere to go.

PHR-V The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

2. hang around hangs around; hanging around; hanged around
If you hang around , hang about , or hang round with someone or in a particular place, you spend a lot of time with that person or in that place. (INFORMAL)

- They usually hung around together most of the time.

- Helen used to hang round with the boys.

- ...the usual young crowd who hung around the cafe day in and day out.

PHR-V The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

hang back ****

1. hang back hangs back; hanging back; hanged back
If you hang back , you move or stay slightly behind a person or group, usually because you are nervous about something.

- I saw him step forward momentarily but then hang back, nervously massaging his hands.

PHR-V The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

2. hang back hangs back; hanging back; hanged back
If a person or organization hangs back , they do not do something immediately.

- They will then hang back on closing the deal.

- Even his closest advisers believe he should hang back no longer.

PHR-V The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

hang back

verb

hesitate

be reluctant

demur

hold back

recoil

hang on ****

1. hang on hangs on; hanging on; hung on
If you ask someone to hang on , you ask them to wait or stop what they are doing or saying for a moment. (INFORMAL)

- Can you hang on for a minute?.

- Hang on a sec. I'll come with you.

PHR-V The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.
= hold on

2. hang on hangs on; hanging on; hung on
If you hang on , you manage to survive, achieve success, or avoid failure in spite of great difficulties or opposition.

- Without the support of my parents I would have probably cracked up completely. But I managed to hang on.

- Manchester United hung on to take the Cup.

PHR-V The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

3. hang on hangs on; hanging on; hung on
If you hang on to or hang onto something that gives you an advantage, you succeed in keeping it for yourself, and prevent it from being taken away or given to someone else.

- The British driver was unable to hang on to his lead.

- The President has been trying hard to hang onto power.

- The company has been struggling to hang onto its sales force.

PHR-V The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

4. hang on hangs on; hanging on; hung on
If you hang on to or hang onto something, you hold it very tightly, for example to stop it falling or to support yourself.

- She was conscious of a second man hanging on to the rail.

- ...a flight stewardess who helped save the life of a pilot by hanging onto his legs...

- He hangs on tightly, his arms around my neck.

PHR-V The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.
= cling on to

5. hang on hangs on; hanging on; hung on
If you hang on to or hang onto something, you keep it for a longer time than you would normally expect. (INFORMAL)

- You could, alternatively, hang onto it in the hope that it will be worth millions in 10 years time.

- In the present climate, owners are hanging on to old ships.

PHR-V The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle. The form hanged is used as the past tense for meaning 5

6. hang on hangs on; hanging on; hung on
If one thing hangs on another, it depends on it in order to be successful.

- Much hangs on the success of the collaboration between the Group of Seven governments and Brazil.

PHR-V The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.
= depend

hang out ****

1. hang out hangs out; hanging out; hanged out
If you hang out clothes that you have washed, you hang them on a clothes line to dry.

- I was worried I wouldn't be able to hang my washing out.

PHR-V The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

2. hang out hangs out; hanging out; hanged out
If you hang out in a particular place or area, you go and stay there for no particular reason, or spend a lot of time there. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- I often used to hang out in supermarkets.

- We can just hang out and have a good time.

PHR-V The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.
See also hangout .

hang together ****

1. hang together hangs together; hanging together; hanged together
If two people or groups hang together , they stay with each other and support each other even though they may disagree on some things.

- He urged his supporters to hang together.

PHR-V The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.
= stick together

2. hang together hangs together; hanging together; hanged together
If things such as ideas or the parts of something hang together , they are properly organized and fit together reasonably.

- Her ideas don't always hang together very well as a plot.

PHR-V The form hung is used as the past tense and past participle.

hangar

[D.J.:ˈhæŋə, ˈhæŋgə]

[K.K.:ˈhæŋɚ, ˈhæŋɡɚ]

n.

飞机库

hangar *

hangar hangars
A hangar is a large building in which aircraft are kept.
N-COUNT

hangdog

[D.J.:ˈhæŋdɔg]

[K.K.:ˈhæŋˌdɔɡ, -ˌdɑɡ]

adj.

(表情)羞愧的; 鬼鬼祟祟的

hangdog

hangdog
If you say that someone has a hangdog expression on their face, you mean that they look sad, and often guilty or ashamed.

- `Everybody missed her,' Stan said with a hangdog look.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also hang-dog .

hangdog

adjective

guilty

cowed

cringing

defeated

downcast

furtive

shamefaced

wretched

hanger

[D.J.:ˈhæŋə]

[K.K.:ˈhæŋɚ]

n.

衣架

hangers

(电解极板上的)挂耳

hanger *

hanger hangers
A hanger is the same as a coat hanger .
N-COUNT

hanger-on

[D.J.:ˈhæŋəˈɔn, -ˈɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈhæŋɚˈɑn, -ˈɔn]

n.

依附他人者,奉迎者,食客随从

hanger-on

hanger-on hangers-on
If you describe someone as a hanger-on , you are critical of them because they are trying to be friendly with a richer or more important person, especially in order to gain an advantage for themselves.

- Five thousand delegates, with 30,000 assorted hangers-on, will descend on the city.

N-COUNT disapproval

hang-glider

n.

悬挂式滑翔机

hang-glider

1. hang-glider hang-gliders
A hang-glider is a type of glider, made from large piece of cloth fixed to a frame. It is used to fly from high places, with the pilot hanging underneath.
N-COUNT also hang glider .

2. hang-glider hang-gliders
A hang-glider is a person who flies using a hang-glider.
N-COUNT also hang glider .

hang-gliding

hang-gliding
Hang-gliding is the activity of flying in a hang-glider.
N-UNCOUNT

hanging basket

hanging basket hanging baskets
A hanging basket is a basket with small ropes or chains attached so that it be hung from a hook. Hanging baskets are usually used for displaying plants or storing fruit and vegetables.
N-COUNT

hangman

[D.J.:ˈhæŋmən]

[K.K.:ˈhæŋmən]

n.

绞刑吏,刽子手

hangman

hangman hangmen
A hangman is a man whose job is to execute people by hanging them.
N-COUNT

hangout

[D.J.:ˈhæŋˌaʊt]

[K.K.:ˈhæŋˌaʊt]

n.

(流氓)住所,巢穴

hangout

hangout hangouts
If a place is a hangout for a particular group of people, they spend a lot of time there because they can relax and meet other people there. (INFORMAL)

- By the time he was sixteen, Malcolm already knew most of London's teenage hangouts.

N-COUNT: with supp
= haunt

hangover

[D.J.:ˈhæŋˌəʊvə]

n.

宿醉(酒后醒来的头痛和不舒服)

hangover *

1. hangover hangovers
If someone wakes up with a hangover , they feel sick and have a headache because they have drunk a lot of alcohol the night before.
N-COUNT

2. hangover hangovers
Something that is a hangover from the past is an idea or way of behaving which people used to have in the past but which people no longer generally have.

- As a hangover from rationing, they mixed butter and margarine.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N from n

hangover

noun

aftereffects

crapulence

morning after informal

hang-up

[D.J.:ˈhæŋʌp]

[K.K.: ˈhæŋˌʌp]

n.

<美><口>(精神或感情上的)烦恼,焦虑;困难,问题

hang-ups

悬料

hang-up *

hang-up hang-ups
If you have a hang-up about something, you have a feeling of fear, anxiety, or embarrassment about it. (INFORMAL)

- I don't have any hang-ups about my body.

N-COUNT
= inhibition

hang-up

noun

preoccupation

block

difficulty

inhibition

obsession

problem

thing informal

hank

[D.J.:hæ ŋk]

[K.K.:hæ ŋk]

n.

一束;一卷

hank

hank hanks
A hank of wool, rope, or string is a length of it which has been loosely wound.
N-COUNT: oft N of n

hank

noun

coil

length

loop

piece

roll

skein

hanker

[D.J.:ˈhæŋkə]

[K.K.:ˈhæŋkɚ]

vi.

渴望

hanker after/for

渴望得到；渴求

hankering

[ˈhæŋkəriŋ]

n.

渴望

hanker

hanker hankers hankering hankered
If you hanker after something, you want it very much.

- In 1969 I hankered after a floor-length brown suede coat.

VB

hankering

hankering hankerings
A hankering for something is a desire or longing for it.

- From time to time we all get a hankering for something a little different.

- Have you always had a hankering to be an actress?

N-COUNT: usu N for/after n, N to-inf

hanker

verb

with for {or} after

desire

crave

hunger

itch

long

lust

pine

thirst

yearn

hanky

[D.J.:ˈhæŋkɪ]

n.

<口>手帕

hanky

hanky hankies
A hanky is the same as a handkerchief. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also hankie .

hanky-panky

[D.J.:ˈhæŋkiˈpæŋki]

[K.K.:ˈhæŋkiˈpæŋki]

n.

〈口〉愚弄,欺诈,捣鬼,诡计

hanky-panky

1. hanky-panky
Hanky-panky is used to refer to sexual activity between two people, especially when this is regarded as improper or not serious. (INFORMAL, HUMOROUS)

- Does this mean no hanky-panky after lights out?

N-UNCOUNT

2. hanky-panky
If you describe behaviour as hanky-panky , you disapprove of it because it is dishonest or breaks rules.

- The government has been offering tax credits, accelerated depreciation, and other economic hanky-panky.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

hansom

[D.J.:ˈhænsəm]

[K.K.:ˈhænsəm]

n.

一马二轮的有盖双座小马车

hansom

hansom hansoms
In former times, a hansom or a hansom cab was a horse-drawn carriage with two wheels and a fixed hood.
N-COUNT

Hanukkah

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:nəkə]

[K.K.:ˈūɑnəkə, ˈhɑ-]

n.

光明节(犹太纪念节日之一)

Hanukkah

Hanukkah
Hanukkah is a Jewish festival that celebrates the re-dedication of the Temple in Jerusalem in 165 B.C. It begins in November or December and lasts for eight days.
N-UNCOUNT also Hanukah .
= Chanukah

haphazard

[D.J.:hæpˈhæzəd]

[K.K.:hæpˈhæzəd]

adj.

偶然的, 随意的, 无计划的

haphazardly

[D.J.:ˌhæpˈhæzədlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌhæpˈhæzɚdlɪ]

adv.

偶然地;随意地;杂乱地

haphazard *

1. haphazard
If you describe something as haphazard , you are critical of it because it is not at all organized or is not arranged according to a plan.

- The investigation does seem haphazard.

- He had never seen such a haphazard approach to filmmaking as Roberto's.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= casual

2. haphazardly

- She looked at the books jammed haphazardly in the shelves.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

haphazard

adjective

disorganized

aimless

casual

hit or miss informal

indiscriminate

slapdash

hapless

[D.J.:ˈhæplɪs]

[K.K.:ˈhæplɪs]

adj.

倒霉的,不幸的

hapless *

hapless
A hapless person is unlucky. (FORMAL)

- ...his hapless victim.

ADJ: ADJ n

happen

[D.J.:ˈhæpən]

[K.K.:ˈhæpən]

vi.

发生

产生结果, 发生作用

碰巧, 恰巧

happening

[D.J.:ˈhæpənɪŋ]

[K.K.: ˈhæpənɪŋ]

n.

事情,事件

即兴演出

happenings

[D.J.:ˈhæpəniŋz]

[K.K.:ˈhæpənɪŋz]

n.

(偶然发生的)事情

happen *****

1. happen happens happening happened
Something that happens occurs or is done without being planned.

- We cannot say for sure what will happen.

- The accident happened close to Martha's Vineyard.

VB

2. happen happens happening happened
If something happens , it occurs as a result of a situation or course of action.

- She wondered what would happen if her parents found her.

- He trotted to the truck and switched on the ignition. Nothing happened.

VB

3. happen happens happening happened
When something, especially something unpleasant, happens to you, it takes place and affects you.

- If we had been spotted at that point, I don't know what would have happened to us.

- It's the best thing that ever happened to me.

VB

4. happen happens happening happened
If you happen to do something, you do it by chance. If it happens that something is the case, it occurs by chance.

- We happened to discover we had a friend in common.

- I looked in the nearest paper, which happened to be the Daily Mail.

- If it happens that I'm wanted badly somewhere, my mother will take the call and phone through to me here.

VB

5. happen
You use as it happens in order to introduce a statement, especially one that is rather surprising.

- She called Amy to see if she had any idea of her son's whereabouts. As it happened, Amy had.

PHR: V inflects, PHR with cl

happening *

1. happening happenings
Happenings are things that happen, often in a way that is unexpected or hard to explain.

- The Budapest office plans to hire freelance reporters to cover the latest happenings.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp
= incident

2. happening
If you describe something or someone as happening , you mean that they are exciting or lively, and involved in the newest fashions or trends. (INFORMAL)

- ...a definitive area-by-area guide to the hip and happening bands.

- ...the most happening place at the moment, the Que Club.

ADJ-GRADED

happen

verb

1.

occur

come about

come to pass

develop

result

take place

transpire informal

2.

chance

turn out

happening

noun

event

affair

episode

experience

incident

occurrence

proceeding

happenstance

[D.J.:ˈhæpənstæns]

[K.K.:ˈhæpənˌstæns]

n.

偶然事件,意外事件

happenstance

happenstance
If you say that something happened by happenstance , you mean that it happened because of certain circumstances, although it was not planned by anyone. (WRITTEN)

- I came to live at the farm by happenstance.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft by N
= chance

happily

[D.J.:ˈhæpili]

adv.

快乐, 满意

幸运;幸好

happiness

[D.J.:ˈhæpɪnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈhæpɪnɪs]

n.

幸福；幸运

适当

happy

[D.J.:ˈhæpi]

[K.K.:ˈhæpi]

adj.

幸福的, 愉快的, 高兴的

对…感到满意的; 认为…是对的[好的]

乐意的, 没有困难的

幸运的, 运气好的

happily *

happily
You can add happily to a statement to indicate that you are glad that something happened.

- Happily, his neck injuries were not serious.

- Happily, Lisa Martineau takes an opposite approach.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl
= fortunately

See also happy .

happy ****

1. happy happier happiest
Someone who is happy has feelings of pleasure, usually because something nice has happened or because they feel satisfied with their life.

- Marina was a confident, happy child.

- I'm just happy to be back running.

- Her face relaxed into a happy smile.

ADJ-GRADED

2. happily

- Albert leaned back happily and lit a cigarette.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. happiness

- I think mostly she was looking for happiness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. happy happier happiest
A happy time, place, or relationship is full of happy feelings and pleasant experiences, or has an atmosphere in which people feel happy.

- Except for her illnesses, she had had a particularly happy childhood.

- It had always been a happy place.

- We have a very happy marriage.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. happy happier happiest
If you are happy about a situation or arrangement, you are satisfied with it, for example because you think that something is being done in the right way.

- If you are not happy about a repair, go back and complain.

- He's happy that I deal with it myself.

- When he got old he was really quite happy to let the department run itself.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, ADJ about/with n/-ing, ADJ that, ADJ to-inf

6. happy happier happiest
If you say you are happy to do something, you mean that you are very willing to do it.

- I'll be happy to answer any questions if there are any.

- That's a risk I'm happy to take.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to-inf

7. happily

- If I've caused any offence over something I have written, I will happily apologise.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= gladly

8. happy happier happiest
Happy is used in greetings and other conventional expressions to say that you hope someone will enjoy a special occasion.

- Happy Birthday!.

- Happy Easter!

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
many happy returns : see return .

9. happy happier happiest
A happy coincidence is one that results in something pleasant happening.

- By happy coincidence, Robert met Richard and Julia and discovered they were experiencing similar problems.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

happily

adverb

1.

willingly

freely

gladly

with pleasure

2.

joyfully

blithely

cheerfully

gaily

gleefully

joyously

merrily

3.

luckily

fortunately

opportunely

providentially

happiness

noun

joy

bliss

cheerfulness

contentment

delight

ecstasy

elation

jubilation

pleasure

satisfaction

happy

adjective

1.

joyful

blissful

cheerful

content

delighted

ecstatic

elated

glad

jubilant

merry

overjoyed

pleased

thrilled

2.

fortunate

advantageous

auspicious

favourable

lucky

timely

happy-go-lucky

[D.J.:ˌhæpi:gəʊˈlʌki:]

[K.K.:ˌhæpiɡoˈlʌki]

adj.

逍遥的,随遇而安的

adv.

完全偶然地

happy-go-lucky

happy-go-lucky
Someone who is happy-go-lucky enjoys life and does not worry about the future.
ADJ-GRADED
= easy going

happy-go-lucky

adjective

carefree

blithe

easy-going

light-hearted

nonchalant

unconcerned

untroubled

happy hour

happy hour happy hours
In a pub, happy hour is a period when drinks are sold more cheaply than usual to encourage people to come to the pub.
N-VAR

hara-kiri

[D.J.:ˈhærəˈkiri]

[K.K.:ˈhærɪˈkɪri, ˈhɑri-]

n.

〈日〉切腹自尽

hara-kiri

hara-kiri
In former times, if a Japanese man committed hara-kiri , he killed himself by cutting his own stomach open, in order to avoid dishonour.
N-UNCOUNT

harangue

[D.J.:həˈræŋ]

[K.K.:həˈræŋ]

n.

高谈阔论的长篇演讲

v.

高谈阔论

harangue

1. harangue harangues haranguing harangued
If someone harangues you, they try to persuade you to accept their opinions or ideas in a forceful way.

- An argument ensued, with various band members joining in and haranguing Simpson and his girlfriend for over two hours.

VB

2. harangue harangues
A harangue is a long, forceful speech that someone makes to try and persuade other people to accept their opinions.
N-COUNT: usu with supp

harangue

verb

1.

rant

address

declaim

exhort

hold forth

lecture

spout informal

noun

2.

speech

address

declamation

diatribe

exhortation

tirade

harass

[D.J.:ˈhærəs, həˈræs]

[K.K.:ˈhærəs, həˈræs]

vt.

骚扰

harassed

[D.J.:ˈhærəst]

adj.

疲累的

harass *

harass harasses harassing harassed
If someone harasses you, they trouble or annoy you, for example by attacking you repeatedly or by causing you as many problems as they can.

- A woman reporter complained one of them sexually harassed her in the locker room.

- We are almost routinely harassed by the police.

VB

harassed *

harassed
If you are harassed , you are anxious and tense because you have too much to do or too many problems to cope with.

- This morning, looking harassed and drawn, Lewis tendered his resignation.

ADJ-GRADED

harass

verb

annoy

bother

harry

hassle informal

hound

persecute

pester

plague

trouble

vex

harassed

adjective

worried

careworn

distraught

hassled informal

strained

tormented

troubled

under pressure

vexed

harassment

[ˈhærəsmənt]

n.

骚扰, 扰乱

harassment **

harassment
Harassment is behaviour which is intended to trouble or annoy someone, for example repeated attacks on them or attempts to cause them problems.

- Another survey found that 51 per cent of women had experienced some form of sexual harassment in their working lives.

- ...racial harassment...

- The party has accused the police of harassment.

N-UNCOUNT: oft adj N

harassment

noun

trouble

annoyance

bother

hassle informal

irritation

nuisance

persecution

pestering

harbinger

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:bɪndʒə]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrbɪndʒɚ]

n.

预言者,预兆

harbinger

harbinger harbingers
Something that is a harbinger of something else is a sign that it is going to happen. (LITERARY)

- The November air stung my cheeks, a harbinger of winter.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= herald

harbour

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:bə]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrbɚ]

n.

海港, 港口

vt.

庇护, 藏匿

怀着, 怀有

harbour ***

1. harbour harbours
A harbour is an area of the sea at the coast which is partly enclosed by land or strong walls, so that boats can be left there safely.

- She led us to a room with a balcony overlooking the harbour.

- The ship was permitted to tie up in Boston harbour.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n (AM) harbor

2. harbour harbours harbouring harboured
If you harbour an emotion, thought, or secret, you have it in your mind over a long period of time.

- He might have been murdered by a former client or someone harbouring a grudge.

- Townsend harbours no regrets.

VB (AM) harbor

3. harbour harbours harbouring harboured
If a person or country harbours someone who is wanted by the police, they let them stay in their house or country and offer them protection.

- Accusations of harbouring terrorist suspects were raised against the former Hungarian leadership.

VB (AM) harbor

harbour

noun

1.

port

anchorage

haven

verb

2.

shelter

hide

protect

provide refuge

shield

3.

maintain

cling to

entertain

foster

hold

nurse

nurture

retain

harbourmaster

harbourmaster harbourmasters
A harbourmaster is the official in charge of a harbour.
N-COUNT The spellings harbormaster and harbor master in American English, and harbour master in British English are also used.

hard

[D.J.:hɑ:d]

[K.K.:hɑrd]

adj.

硬的, 坚实的, 坚固的

困难的, 难懂的

辛苦的, 努力的

有力的, 猛烈的

铁石心肠的, 冷酷无情的, 严厉的

adv.

努力地

艰难地

严重地, 猛烈地

harder

压帽坯机

hardness

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:dnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrdnɪs]

n.

坚硬

<物>硬性;硬度

困难

冷酷,严厉

hard *****

1. hard harder hardest
Something that is hard is very firm and stiff to touch and is not easily bent, cut, or broken.

- He shuffled his feet on the hard wooden floor.

- Something cold and hard pressed into the back of his neck.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ soft

2. hardness

- He felt the hardness of the iron railing press against his spine.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

3. hard harder hardest
Something that is hard is very difficult to do or deal with.

- It's hard to tell what effect this latest move will have.

- She found it hard to accept some of the criticisms directed towards her and her work.

- Our traveller's behaviour on the journey is hard to explain.

- That's a very hard question.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf, ADJ to-inf
= difficult ≠ easy

4. hard
If you work hard doing something, you are very active or work intensely, with a lot of effort.

- I'll work hard. I don't want to let him down.

- Am I trying too hard?.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

5. hard harder hardest
Also an adjective.

- I admired him as a true scientist and hard worker.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

6. hard harder hardest
Hard work involves a lot of activity and effort.

- Coping with three babies is very hard work.

- ...a hard day's work...

- Their work is hard and unglamorous, and most people would find it boring.

ADJ-GRADED

7. hard
If you look, listen, or think hard , you do it carefully and with a great deal of attention.

- He looked at me hard.

- You had to listen hard to hear the old man breathe.

- People are having to think hard about their holiday plans.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

8. hard harder hardest
Also an adjective.

- It might be worth taking a long hard look at your frustrations and resentments.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

9. hard
If you strike or take hold of something hard , you strike or take hold of it with a lot of force.

- I kicked a dustbin very hard and broke my toe.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

10. hard harder hardest
Also an adjective.

- He gave her a hard push which toppled her backwards into an armchair.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

11. hard
You can use hard to indicate that something happens intensely and for a long time.

- I've never seen Terry laugh so hard.

- It was snowing hard by then.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

12. hard harder hardest
If a person or their expression is hard , they show no kindness or sympathy.

- His father was a hard man.

- Kate realized that the previous hard look on Maggie's face had been a mask.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ gentle

13. hard harder hardest
If you are hard on someone, you treat them severely or unkindly.

- Don't be so hard on him.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ on n
≠ soft

14. hard
Also an adverb.

- He said the security forces would continue to crack down hard on the protestors.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

15. hard harder hardest
If you say that something is hard on a person or thing, you mean it affects them in a way that is likely to cause them damage or suffering.

- The grey light was hard on the eyes.

- These last four years have been hard on them.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ on n

16. hard harder hardest
If you have a hard life or a hard period of time, your life or that period is difficult and unpleasant for you.

- It had been a hard life for her.

- Those were hard times.

ADJ-GRADED
= tough

17. hardness

- In America, people don't normally admit to the hardness of life.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

18. hard harder hardest
A hard winter or a hard frost is a very cold one.

- ...a prolonged period of hard frost...

- I am expecting a long, hard winter.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ mild

19. hard harder hardest
Hard colours or sounds are harsh or bright and unpleasant to see or hear.

- The sea was a hard blue.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

20. hard
Hard evidence or facts are definitely true and do not need to be questioned.

- He wanted more hard evidence.

- There are probably fewer hard facts about the life of Henry Purcell than that of any other great composer since the Renaissance.

ADJ: ADJ n

21. hard harder hardest
Hard water contains a lot of calcium compounds that stop soap making bubbles and sometimes appear as a deposit in kettles and baths.
ADJ-GRADED
≠ soft

22. hard
Hard drugs are very strong illegal drugs such as heroin or cocaine.
ADJ: ADJ n

23. hard
In phonetics, a hard sound is one such as `c' or `g' as pronounced in the words `cat' or `give', and not as in the words `cinema' or `general'.
ADJ
≠ soft

24. hard
If one thing is hard by another, it is very close to it. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Paradise Street was a short, crowded street near the railway station and hard by the factory.

PHR-PREP

25. hard
If you feel hard done by , you feel that you have not been treated fairly. (BRIT)

- The hall porter was feeling hard done by at having to extend his shift.

PHR: v-link PHR

26. hard
If you say that something is hard going , you mean it is difficult and requires a lot of effort.

- The talks had been hard going at the start.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

27. hard
To be hard hit by something means to be affected very severely by it.

- California's been particularly hard hit by the recession.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

28. hard
If someone plays hard to get , they pretend not to be interested in another person or in what someone is trying to persuade them to do.

- I wanted her and she was playing hard to get.

PHR: V inflects

29. hard
If someone is hard put to do something or, in British English if they are hard pushed to do something, they have great difficulty doing it.

- Mr Morton is undoubtedly cleverer than Mr Kirkby, but he will be hard put to match his popularity.

PHR: usu v-link PHR to-inf

30. hard
If you take something hard , you are very upset or depressed by it.

- Maybe I just took it too hard.

PHR: V inflects

31. hard
If you learn something the hard way , you have to make mistakes or face difficulties before you can improve the way that you do things or improve your behaviour.

- Wales' young stars are learning the hard way that mistakes at international level are ruthlessly punished.

PHR: V inflects

hard

adjective

1.

solid

firm

inflexible

rigid

rocklike

stiff

strong

tough

unyielding

2.

strenuous

arduous

backbreaking

exacting

exhausting

laborious

rigorous

tough

3.

difficult

complicated

intricate

involved

knotty

perplexing

puzzling

thorny

4.

unfeeling

callous

cold

cruel

hardhearted

pitiless

stern

unkind

unsympathetic

5.

painful

disagreeable

distressing

grievous

intolerable

unpleasant

adverb

6.

energetically

fiercely

forcefully

forcibly

heavily

intensely

powerfully

severely

sharply

strongly

vigorously

violently

with all one's might

with might and main

7.

diligently

doggedly

industriously

persistently

steadily

untiringly

hard and fast

hard and fast
If you say that there are no hard and fast rules, or that there is no hard and fast information about something, you are indicating that there are no fixed or definite rules or facts.

- There are no hard and fast rules, but rather traditional guidelines as to who pays for what.

- At the moment there's no hard and fast timetable.

ADJ: usu with brd-neg, usu ADJ n
= definite

hardback

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:dˌbæk]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrdˌbæk]

n.

精装书

hardback *

hardback hardbacks
A hardback is a book which has a stiff hard cover. Compare paperback and softback .

- `The Secret History' was published in hardback last October.

N-COUNT: also in N

hardball

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:dbɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrdˌbɔl]

n.

硬式棒球

hardball

hardball
If someone plays hardball , they will do anything that is necessary to achieve or get what they want, even if this involves being harsh or unfair. (mainly AM)

- She is playing hardball in a world usually dominated by men in grey suits 20 years her senior.

PHR

hard-bitten

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:dˈbɪtn]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrdˈbɪtn..]

adj.

坚强的,顽强的

hard-bitten

hard-bitten
If you describe someone as hard-bitten , you are critical of them because they do not show much emotion or have much sympathy for other people, usually because they have experienced many unpleasant things.

- ...a cynical hard-bitten journalist.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= tough

hard-bitten hard-boiled

adjective

tough

cynical

hard-nosed informal

matter-of-fact

practical

realistic

unsentimental

hardboard

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:dbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrdˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

硬纸板

hardboard

hardboard
Hardboard is a material which is made by pressing very small pieces of wood very closely together to form a thin, slightly flexible sheet.
N-UNCOUNT

hard-boiled

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:dˈbɔild]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrdˈbɔɪld]

adj.

(鸡蛋)煮得老的

(指人)不动感情的, 冷酷的; 久经世故的

hard-boiled *

1. hard-boiled
A hard-boiled egg has been boiled in its shell until the whole of the inside is solid.
ADJ also hard boiled .
≠ soft-boiled

2. hard-boiled
You use hard-boiled to describe someone who is tough and does not show much emotion.

- She's hard-boiled, tough and funny.

ADJ-GRADED also hard boiled .
= cynical tough

hard cash

hard cash
Hard cash is money in the form of notes and coins as opposed to a cheque or a credit card.
N-UNCOUNT

hard cider

hard cider.
Hard cider is an alcoholic drink that is made from apples. (AM; in BRIT use cider )
N-UNCOUNT

hard copy

hard copy hard copies
A hard copy of a document is a printed version of it, rather than a version that is stored on a computer.

- ...eight pages of hard copy.

N-VAR

hard core

hard core
Hard core consists of pieces of broken stone that are used as a base on which to build roads. (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

hard-core

n.

核心部分,中坚分子

adj.

绝对的,无条件的,没有限制的,(黄色作品)赤裸裸描写性行为的

hard-core *

1. hard-core
You can refer to the members of a group who are the most committed to its activities or who are the most involved in them as a hard core of members or as the hard-core members.

- We've got a hard core of customers that have stood by us.

- A hard-core group of right-wing senators had hoped to sway their colleagues.

N-SING: oft N of n, N n also hardcore , hard core .

2. hard-core
Hard-core pornography shows sex in a very detailed way, or shows very violent or unpleasant sex. Compare soft-core .
ADJ: ADJ n also hardcore , hard core .

3. hard-core
Hard-core music is an extreme form of a particular type of modern music.

- ...a hardcore punk band.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also hardcore , hard core .

hardcover

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:dkʌvə]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrdˌkʌvɚ]

n.

精装书

adj.

精装书的,精装的

hardcover

hardcover hardcovers
A hardcover is a book which has a stiff hard cover. Compare softcover . (AM; in BRIT use hardback )
N-COUNT: also in N

hard currency *

hard currency hard currencies
A hard currency is one which is unlikely to lose its value and so is considered to be a good one to have or to invest in.

- The government is running short of hard currency to pay for imports.

N-VAR

hard disk

hard disk hard disks
A computer's hard disk is a stiff magnetic disk on which data and programs can be stored.
N-COUNT also hard disc .

hard-drinking

hard-drinking
If you describe someone as a hard-drinking person, you mean that they frequently drink large quantities of alcohol.

- She had transformed him from being a hard-drinking womaniser into a devoted husband and father.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

hard-edged

hard-edged
If you describe something such as a style, play, or article as hard-edged , you mean you admire it because it is powerful, critical, or unsentimental.

- ...his fiery, hard-edged acoustic jazz style.

- ...hard-edged drama.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= uncompromising

harden

[ˈhɑ:dn]

vt. & vi.

(使)变硬; (使)坚固; (使)硬化

(使)变得坚强

(使)变得冷酷无情

hardened

[ˈhɑ:dənd]

adj.

变硬的,坚毅的

hardening

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:dəniŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrdnɪŋ]

v.

淬水

harden **

1. harden hardens hardening hardened
When something hardens or when you harden it, it becomes stiff or firm.

- Mould the mixture into shape while hot, before it hardens.

- Give the cardboard two or three coats of varnish to harden it.

V-ERG

2. harden hardens hardening hardened
When an attitude or opinion hardens or is hardened , it becomes harsher, stronger, or fixed.

- Their action can only serve to harden the attitude of landowners.

- The bitter split which has developed within Solidarity is likely to harden further into separation.

V-ERG

3. hardening

- ...a hardening of the government's attitude towards rebellious parts of the army.

N-SING: usu N of n

4. harden hardens hardening hardened
When prices and economies harden , they become much more stable than they were.

- Property prices are just beginning to harden again.

VB

5. harden hardens hardening hardened
When events harden people or when people harden , they become less easily affected emotionally and less sympathetic and gentle than they were before.

- Her years of drunken bickering hardened my heart.

- She was hardened by the rigours of the Siberian steppes.

- All of a sudden my heart hardened against her.

V-ERG

6. harden hardens hardening hardened
If you say that someone's face or eyes harden , you mean that they suddenly look serious or angry.

- His smile died and the look in his face hardened.

VB

hardened

hardened
If you describe someone as hardened , you mean that they have had so much experience of something bad or unpleasant that they are no longer affected by it in the way that other people would be.

- ...hardened criminals.

- ...hardened politicians.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

harden

verb

1.

solidify

anneal

bake

cake

freeze

set

stiffen

2.

accustom

habituate

inure

season

train

hardened

adjective

1.

habitual

chronic

incorrigible

inveterate

shameless

2.

accustomed

habituated

inured

seasoned

toughened

hard hat

hard hat hard hats
A hard hat is a hat made from a hard material, which people wear to protect their heads on building sites or in factories, or when riding a horse.
N-COUNT

hard-headed

hard-headed
You use hard-headed to describe someone who is practical and determined to get what they want or need, and who does not allow emotions to affect their actions.

- ...a hard-headed and shrewd businesswoman...

- They are taking a hard-headed commercial decision.

ADJ-GRADED
= tough

hard-headed

adjective

sensible

level-headed

practical

pragmatic

realistic

shrewd

tough

unsentimental

hard-hearted

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:dˈhɑ:tɪd]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrdˈhɑrtɪd]

adj.

没有同情心的,冷酷的

soft-heartedly

adv.

soft-heartedness

n.

hard-hearted

hard-hearted
If you describe someone as hard-hearted , you disapprove of the fact that they have no sympathy for other people and do not care if people are hurt or made unhappy.

- You would have to be pretty hard-hearted not to feel something for him.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= unfeeling

hard-hitting

[D.J.:ˌhɑ:dˈhitiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈherdˈhɪtɪŋ]

adj.

有力的, 有效的; (能)狠狠打击的

hard-hitting *

hard-hitting
If you describe a report or speech as hard-hitting , you like the way it talks about difficult or serious matters in a bold and direct way. (JOURNALISM)

- In a hard-hitting speech to the IMF, he urged third world countries to undertake sweeping reforms.

- ...a hard-hitting account of violence in the home.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

hard labour

hard labour
Hard labour is hard physical work which people have to do as punishment for a crime.

- The sentence of the court was twelve years' hard labour, to be served in a British prison.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) hard labor

hard left

hard left
You use hard left to describe those members of a left wing political group or party who have the most extreme political beliefs. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use far left )

- ...the hard-left view that foreign forces should not have been sent.

N-SING: the N, oft N n also hard-left .

hardline

强硬路线(的)

hardline **

hardline
If you describe someone's policy or attitude as hardline , you mean that it is strict or extreme, and they refuse to change it.

- The United States has taken a lot of criticism for its hard-line stance.

ADJ-GRADED also hard-line .

hardliner

强硬路线者

hardliner **

hardliner hardliners
The hardliners in a group such as a political party are the people who support a strict, fixed set of ideas that are often extreme, and who refuse to accept any change in them.

- Unionist hardliners warned the U.S. President he would not be welcome.

N-COUNT: usu pl

hard luck

1. hard luck
If you say that someone had some hard luck , or that a situation was hard luck on them, you mean that something bad happened to them and you are implying that it was not their fault. (INFORMAL)

- We had a bit of hard luck this season.

- It was jolly hard luck on him, wasn't it?

N-UNCOUNT
= bad luck

2. hard luck
If someone says that a bad situation affecting you is just your hard luck , they do not care about it or think you should be helped, often because they think it is your fault. (INFORMAL)

- The shop assistants didn't really want to discuss the matter, saying it was just my hard luck.

N-UNCOUNT: poss N
= tough luck

3. hard luck
You can say ` hard luck ' to someone to show that you are sorry they have not got or done something that they had wanted to get or do. (INFORMAL)

- Hard luck, chaps, but don't despair too much.

CONVENTION feelings
= tough luck

hardly

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:dli]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrdli]

adv.

几乎没有, 几乎不

刚刚, 仅仅

hardly ****

1. hardly
You use hardly to modify a statement when you want to emphasize that it is only a small amount or detail which makes it true, and that therefore it is best to consider the opposite statement as being true.

- I hardly know you.

- Nick, on the sofa, hardly slept.

- He was given hardly 24 hours to pack his bags.

- Their two faces were hardly more than eighteen inches apart.

ADV-BRD-NEG: ADV before v, ADV group, oft ADV amount emphasis
= scarcely barely

2. hardly
You use hardly in expressions such as hardly ever , hardly any , and hardly anyone to mean almost never, almost none, or almost no-one.

- We ate chips every night, but hardly ever had fish.

- Most of the others were so young they had hardly any experience.

- Hardly anyone slept that night.

ADV-BRD-NEG: ADV ever/any
= scarcely

3. hardly
You use hardly before a negative statement in order to emphasize that something is usually true or usually happens.

- Hardly a day goes by without a visit from someone.

ADV-BRD-NEG: ADV n emphasis
= scarcely

4. hardly
When you say you can hardly do something, you are emphasizing that it is very difficult for you to do it.

- I can hardly believe it's been over eight years since you used to go camping at Cedar Creek.

- My garden was covered with so many butterflies that I could hardly see the flowers.

ADV-BRD-NEG: can/could ADV inf emphasis
= scarcely

5. hardly
If you say hardly had one thing happened when something else happened, you mean that the first event was followed immediately by the second.

- He had hardly collected the papers on his desk when the door burst open.

- Hardly had he returned to London than an anonymous well-wisher called to say he was about to be raided by Customs & Excise.

ADV-BRD-NEG: ADV before v
= no sooner

6. hardly
You use hardly to mean `not' when you want to suggest that you are expecting your listener or reader to agree with your comment.

- We have not seen the letter, so we can hardly comment on it.

- It's hardly surprising his ideas didn't catch on.

- The growth rate for 1980-89 was 2.2%. Hardly the stuff of economic miracles.

ADV-BRD-NEG: ADV before v, ADV group

7. hardly
You use ` hardly ' to mean `no', especially when you want to express surprise or annoyance at a statement that you disagree with. (SPOKEN)

- `They all thought you were marvellous!' --- `Well, hardly.'.

- `We could almost have seen it,' --- `Hardly, darling -- in the dark and from a distance of a good hundred feet?'

CONVENTION

hardly

adverb

barely

just

only just

scarcely

with difficulty

hard-nosed

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:dˈnəʊzd]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrdˈnozd]

adj.

顽强的;不屈不挠的;不讲情面的

hard-nosed

hard-nosed
You use hard-nosed to describe someone who is tough and realistic, and who takes decisions on practical grounds rather than emotional ones. (INFORMAL)

- This requires a hard-nosed government, willing to do unpopular things to turn principle into practice.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= unsentimental

hard of hearing

hard of hearing
Someone who is hard of hearing is not able to hear properly.
ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

hard porn

hard porn
Hard porn is pornography that shows sex in a very detailed way, or shows very violent or unpleasant sex.
N-UNCOUNT

hard-pressed

[D.J.:ˌhɑ:dˈprest]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrdˈprɛst]

adj.

处于困境的; 遭受强大压力的

hard-pressed *

1. hard-pressed
If someone is hard-pressed , they are under a great deal of strain and worry, usually because they have not got enough money. (JOURNALISM)

- The region's hard-pressed consumers are spending less on luxuries.

ADJ-GRADED also hard pressed .

2. hard-pressed
If you will be hard-pressed to do something, you will have great difficulty doing it.

- This year the airline will be hard-pressed to make a profit.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to-inf also hard pressed .
= hard put

hard right

hard right
You use hard right to describe those members of a right wing political group or party who have the most extreme political beliefs. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use far right )

- ...the appearance of hard-right political groupings.

N-SING: the N, oft N n also hard-right .

hard sell

hard sell
A hard sell is a method of selling in which the salesperson puts a lot of pressure on someone to make them buy something.

- ...a double-glazing firm whose hard-sell techniques were exposed by a consumer programme.

N-SING: oft N n

hardship

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:dʃip]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrdˌʃɪp]

n.

艰难, 困苦

艰难情况

hardship **

hardship hardships
Hardship is a situation in which your life is difficult or unpleasant, often because you do not have enough money.

- Many people are suffering economic hardship.

- One of the worst hardships is having so little time to spend with one's family.

N-VAR
= privation

hardship

noun

suffering

adversity

difficulty

misfortune

need

privation

tribulation

hard shoulder

hard shoulder hard shoulders
The hard shoulder is the area at the side of a motorway or other road where you are allowed to stop if your car breaks down. (mainly BRIT; in AM use shoulder )
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

hard up

hard up
If you are hard up , you have very little money. (INFORMAL)

- Her parents were very hard up.

ADJ-GRADED also hard-up .
≠ well-off

hard up

adjective

poor

broke informal

impecunious

impoverished

on the breadline

out of pocket

penniless

short

skint Brit. slang

strapped for cash informal

hardware

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:dwɛə]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrdˌwɛr]

n.

五金器具

硬件

hardware **

1. hardware
In computer systems, hardware refers to the machines themselves as opposed to the programs which tell the machines what to do. Compare software .
N-UNCOUNT

2. hardware
Military hardware is the machinery and equipment that is used by the armed forces, such as tanks, aircraft, and missiles.
N-UNCOUNT: usu adj N

3. hardware
Hardware refers to tools and equipment that are used in the home and garden, for example saucepans, screwdrivers, and lawnmowers.
N-UNCOUNT

hardware store

hardware store hardware stores
A hardware store is a shop where articles for the house and garden such as tools, nails, and pans are sold.
N-COUNT

hard-wearing

hard-wearing
Something that is hard-wearing is strong and well-made so that it lasts for a long time and stays in good condition even though it is used a lot. (mainly BRIT; in AM use long-wearing )

- ...hard-wearing cotton shirts.

ADJ also hard wearing .
= strong durable

hard-wired

硬接线

hard-wired

1. hard-wired
A hard-wired part of a computer forms part of its hardware.
ADJ also hardwired

2. hard-wired
If an ability, approach, or type of activity is hard-wired into the brain, it is a basic one and cannot be changed.

- Others think that the rules for what is `musical' are hard-wired in our brains to some degree.

ADJ also hardwired

hard-won

[ˈhɑ:dˈwʌn]

adj.

难得的,来之不易的

hard-won

hard-won
If you describe something that someone has gained or achieved as hard-won , you mean that they worked hard to gain or achieve it.

- The dispute could destroy Australia's hard-won reputation for industrial stability.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

hardwood

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:dˌwʊd]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrdˌwʊd]

n.

硬(木)材;硬木树;阔叶树

hardwood *

hardwood hardwoods
Hardwood is wood such as oak, teak, and mahogany, which is very strong and hard.

- ...imports of tropical hardwood.

- ...hardwood floors.

N-MASS: oft N n
≠ softwood

hardworking

adj.

苦干的,不辞辛劳的

hardworking

hardworking
If you describe someone as hardworking , you mean that they work very hard.

- He was hardworking and energetic.

ADJ-GRADED

hardiness

[ˈhɑ:dinis]

n.

耐久力,顽强

hardy

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:di]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrdi]

adj.

能吃苦耐劳的, 坚强的

(植物等)耐寒的

hardy **

1. hardy hardier hardiest
Plants that are hardy are able to survive cold weather.

- The silver-leaved varieties of cyclamen are not quite as hardy.

ADJ-GRADED

2. hardiness

- ...the hardiness of other species that have blue flowers.

N-UNCOUNT

3. hardy hardier hardiest
People and animals that are hardy are strong and able to cope with difficult conditions.

- They grew up to be farmers, round-faced and hardy.

- Hardy antelope wander in from the desert.

ADJ-GRADED

4. hardiness

- ...the hardiness, endurance, and courage of my companions...

- These Pacific oysters are known for their hardiness.

N-UNCOUNT

5. hardy hardier hardiest
If you describe a group of people as hardy , you mean that they have been very patient or loyal, or have been trying hard to do something in difficult conditions.

- ...the ten hardy supporters who had made the trek to Dublin from Riga.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= trusty

hardiness

noun

resilience

resolution

robustness

ruggedness

sturdiness

toughness

hardy

adjective

strong

robust

rugged

sound

stout

sturdy

tough

hare

[D.J.:heə]

n.

野兔

harehearted

adj.

易受惊的;胆小的

harehearted

adj.

胆小的,怯懦的

hare *

1. hare hares
A hare is an animal like a rabbit but larger with long ears, long legs, and a small tail.
N-VAR

2. hare
Hare is the flesh of this animal eaten as food.
N-UNCOUNT

3. hare hares haring hared
If you hare off somewhere, you go there very quickly. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...an over-protective mother who keeps haring off to ring the babysitter.

VB

hare-brained

[D.J.:ˈheəˈbreɪnd]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrˈbrend]

adj.

轻率的,浮躁的

hare-brained

hare-brained
You use hare-brained to describe a scheme or theory which you consider to be very foolish and which you think is unlikely to be successful or true.

- This isn't the first hare-brained scheme he's had.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also harebrained . disapproval
= crackpot ≠ sensible

harem

[D.J.:ˈheərəm, ˈhær-]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrəm, ˈhær-]

n.

(伊斯兰教徒的)女眷

女眷居室;后宫

harem

1. harem harems
If a man, especially a Muslim, has several wives or sexual partners living in his house, they can be referred to as his harem .
N-COUNT

2. harem harems
A harem is a part of a building where a harem lives.
N-COUNT

haricot bean

haricot bean haricot beans
Haricot beans are small white beans that are eaten as a vegetable. They are often sold dried rather than fresh. (BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu pl

hark

[D.J.:hɑ:k]

[K.K.:hɑrk]

vi.

<文>听

hark at

(只用于hark at sb的形式)听听某人的蠢话， 看某人的傲慢样子

hark back

回想,回到原题

hark back to

重提，回忆起(过去的事)

使想起；和(过去的事物)相似

hark *

hark
` Hark! ' means `Listen!'. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Hark. I hear the returning footsteps of my love.

EXCLAM

hark back to *

1. hark back harks back; harking back; harked back
If you say that one thing harks back to another thing in the past, you mean it is similar to it or takes it as a model.

- ...pitched roofs, which hark back to the Victorian era.

PHR-V

2. hark back harks back; harking back; harked back
When people hark back to something in the past, they remember it or remind someone of it.

- The result devastated me at the time. Even now I hark back to it.

PHR-V

harlequin

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:likwin]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrlɪkwɪn, -kɪn]

n.

滑稽角色,丑角

harlequin

harlequin
You use harlequin to describe something that has a lot of different colours, often in a diamond pattern. (WRITTEN)

- ...the striking harlequin floor.

ADJ: ADJ n

harlot

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:lət]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrlət]

n.

妓女,人尽可夫的女人

harlot

harlot harlots
If someone describes a woman as a harlot , they disapprove of her because she is a prostitute, or because she looks or behaves like a prostitute. (OLD-FASHIONED, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT disapproval

harm

[D.J.:hɑ:m]

[K.K.:hɑrm]

n.

损害, 危害, 伤害

vt.

(使)受到损害, 伤害

harm ***

1. harm harms harming harmed
To harm a person or animal means to cause them physical injury, usually on purpose.

- The hijackers seemed anxious not to harm anyone.

VB
= injure hurt

2. harm
Harm is physical injury to a person or an animal which is usually caused on purpose.

- All dogs are capable of doing harm to human beings.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n
= injury

3. harm harms harming harmed
To harm a thing, or sometimes a person, means to damage them or make them less effective or successful than they were.

- ...a warning that the product may harm the environment...

- Low-priced imports will harm the industry.

VB
= damage ruin

4. harm
Harm is the damage to something which is caused by a particular course of action.

- The abuse of your powers does harm to all other officers who do their job properly.

- To cut taxes would probably do the economy more harm than good.

N-UNCOUNT

5. harm
If you say that someone or something will come to no harm or that no harm will come to them, you mean that they will not be hurt or damaged in any way.

- There is always a lifeguard to ensure that no one comes to any harm.

- `Go back and make sure that no harm comes to him,' he said quietly.

PHR: V inflects

6. harm
If you say it does no harm to do something or there is no harm in doing something, you mean that it might be worth doing, and you will not be blamed for doing it.

- They are not always willing to take on untrained workers, but there's no harm in asking.

PHR: V inflects

7. harm
If you say that something would do no harm , or do someone no harm , you are recommending a course of action which you think is worthwhile, helpful, or useful.

- It would do her no harm to try them until we found the one which suited her best.

PHR: V inflects

8. harm
If you say that there is no harm done , you are telling someone not to worry about something that has happened because it has not caused any serious injury or damage.

- There, now, you're all right. No harm done.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

9. harm
If someone is put in harm's way , they are caused to be in a dangerous situation.

- These men were never told how they'd been put in harm's way.

- They could be in harm's way if military action becomes necessary.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR
= endanger

10. harm
If someone or something is out of harm's way , they are in a safe place away from danger or from the possibility of being damaged.

- For parents, it is an easy way of keeping their children entertained, or simply out of harm's way.

- Workers scrambled to carry priceless objects out of harm's way.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

harm

verb

1.

injure

abuse

damage

hurt

ill-treat

maltreat

ruin

spoil

wound

noun

2.

injury

abuse

damage

hurt

ill

loss

mischief

misfortune

harmful

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:mfəl]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrmfəl]

adj.

对…有害的;致伤的

harmful **

harmful
Something that is harmful has a bad effect on something else, especially on a person's health.

- ...the harmful effects of smoking...

- It believed the affair was potentially harmful to British aviation.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
= damaging ≠ harmless

harmful

adjective

destructive

damaging

deleterious

detrimental

hurtful

injurious

noxious

pernicious

harmless

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:mlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrmlɪs]

adj.

无害的;不致伤的

harmlessly

adv.

无害地,无恶意地

harmless **

1. harmless
Something that is harmless does not have any bad effects, especially on people's health.

- Industry has been working at developing harmless substitutes for these gases.

- This experiment was harmless to the animals.

ADJ-GRADED
= safe ≠ harmful

2. harmlessly

- Another missile exploded harmlessly outside the town.

ADV: ADV with v

3. harmless
If you describe someone or something as harmless , you mean that they are not important and therefore unlikely to annoy other people or cause trouble.

- He seemed harmless enough.

- I would not want to deny them a harmless pleasure.

ADJ-GRADED
= inoffensive

4. harmlessly

- It started harmlessly enough, with a statement from the Secretary of State for Social Security.

ADV: ADV after v

harmless

adjective

innocuous

gentle

innocent

inoffensive

nontoxic

safe

unobjectionable

harmonic

[D.J.:hɑ:ˈmɔnik]

[K.K.:hɑrˈmɑnɪk]

n.

〈音〉泛音

adj.

和声的

harmonics

[hɑ:ˈmɔniks]

n.

和声学

harmonic *

1. harmonic
Harmonic means composed, played, or sung using two or more notes which sound right and pleasing together.

- I had been looking for ways to combine harmonic and rhythmic structures.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. harmonic harmonics
Harmonics are musical notes which can be produced on certain instruments. Harmonics are higher and quieter than the main note being played. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl
= overtone

harmonica

[D.J.:hɑ:ˈmɔnɪkə]

n.

口琴

harmonica

harmonica harmonicas
A harmonica is a small musical instrument. You play the harmonica by moving it across your lips and blowing and sucking air through it.
N-COUNT: oft the N
= mouth organ

harmonious

[D.J.:hɑ:ˈməʊni:əs]

[K.K.:hɑrˈmoniəs]

adj.

和谐的,和睦的;协调的,调和的

音调优美的;悦耳的

harmoniously

[D.J.:h ɑ:ˈməʊnjəslɪ]

[K.K.:h ɑrˈmonɪəslɪ]

adv.

和谐地;调和地

harmonious *

1. harmonious
A harmonious relationship, agreement, or discussion is friendly and peaceful.

- Their harmonious relationship resulted in part from their similar goals.

- ...the most harmonious European Community summit for some time.

ADJ-GRADED
= amicable cordial

2. harmoniously

- To live together harmoniously as men and women is an achievement.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. harmonious
Something that is harmonious has parts which go well together and which are in proportion to each other.

- The architecture is harmonious and no building is over five or six floors high.

- ...a harmonious balance of mind, body, and spirit.

ADJ-GRADED
= balanced

4. harmoniously

- ...a pure, harmoniously proportioned face.

- ...stone paths that blend harmoniously with the scenery.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV after v

5. harmonious
Musical notes that are harmonious produce a pleasant sound when played together.

- ...the mysterious skill involved in producing harmonious sounds.

ADJ-GRADED

harmonious

adjective

1.

melodious

agreeable

concordant

consonant

dulcet

mellifluous

musical

sweet-sounding

tuneful

2.

friendly

agreeable

amicable

compatible

congenial

cordial

sympathetic

harmonization

[ˌhɑ:mənaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

调和化,一致,融洽

harmonize

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:məˌnaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrməˌnaɪz]

vt. & vi.

(使)和谐, (使…与…)协调, (使)相称

以和声唱歌或演奏

harmonization

n.

和谐,协调,相称

harmonizer

n.

使和谐协调的人

harmonizer

使和谐协调者

harmonize *

1. harmonize harmonizes harmonizing harmonized
If two or more things harmonize with each other, they fit in well with each other.

- ...slabs of pink and beige stone that harmonize with the carpet...

- Barbara White and her mother like to listen to music together, though their tastes don't harmonize.

V-RECIP (BRIT) also harmonise

2. harmonize harmonizes harmonizing harmonized
When governments or organizations harmonize laws, systems, or regulations, they agree in a friendly way to make them the same or similar.

- How far will members have progressed towards harmonising their economies?

VB (BRIT) also harmonise

3. harmonization

- Air France pilots called a strike over the European harmonisation of their working hours.

- ...fiscal harmonization.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

4. harmonize harmonizes harmonizing harmonized
When people harmonize , they sing or play notes which are different from the main tune but which sound nice with it.

- Bremer and Garland harmonize on the title song, `Meet Me in St. Louis'.

VB (BRIT) also harmonise

harmonize

verb

blend

chime with

cohere

coordinate

correspond

match

tally

tone in with

harmony

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:məni]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrməni]

n.

和睦, 融洽, 一致; 和谐, 协调

harmony **

1. harmony
If people are living in harmony with each other, they are living together peacefully rather than fighting or arguing.

- ...the notion that man should dominate nature rather than live in harmony with it...

- He projected himself as the protector of national unity and harmony.

N-UNCOUNT
= accord

2. harmony harmonies
Harmony is the pleasant combination of different notes of music played at the same time.

- ...complex vocal harmonies.

- ...singing in harmony.

N-VAR

3. harmony
The harmony of something is the way in which its parts are combined into a pleasant arrangement.

- ...the ordered harmony of the universe...

- He looked more relaxed, as if some of the harmony from his surroundings had flowed into him.

N-UNCOUNT

harmony

noun

1.

agreement

accord

amicability

compatibility

concord

cooperation

friendship

peace

rapport

sympathy

2.

tunefulness

euphony

melody

tune

unison

harness

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:nis]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrnɪs]

n.

马具, 挽具

vt.

给(马等)装上挽具

治理, 利用

harness *

1. harness harnesses harnessing harnessed
If you harness something such as an emotion or natural source of energy, you bring it under your control and use it.

- ...the movement's ability to harness the anger of all Ukrainians...

- Turkey plans to harness the waters of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for big hydro-electric power projects.

VB

2. harness harnesses
A harness is a set of straps which fit under a person's arms and fasten round their body in order to keep a piece of equipment in place or to prevent the person moving from a place.
N-COUNT

3. harness harnesses
A harness is a set of leather straps and metal links fastened round a horse's head or body so that the horse can have a carriage or fastened to it.
N-COUNT

4. harness harnesses harnessing harnessed
If a horse or other animal is harnessed , a harness is put on it, especially so that it can pull a carriage, cart, or plough.

- On Sunday the horses were harnessed to a heavy wagon for a day-long ride over the Border.

VB: usu passive

5. harness
People or things who are working in harness are working together in order to achieve a particular aim. (mainly BRIT)

- At Opera North he will be in harness with Paul Daniel, the conductor appointed music director last year.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

6. harness
If you say that someone is in harness , you mean that they are working, often after a period of not working.

- You can rest for three or four months and then the longing for work will return and you will be right back in harness.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

harness

noun

1.

equipment

gear

tack

tackle

verb

2.

exploit

channel

control

employ

mobilize

utilize

harp

[D.J.:hɑ:p]

[K.K.:hɑrp]

n.

竖琴

vi.

弹竖琴

唠叨, 喋喋不休地说

harp *

harp harps
A harp is a large musical instrument consisting of a row of strings stretched from the top to the bottom of a frame. You play the harp by plucking the strings with your fingers.
N-VAR: oft the N

harp on *

harp on harps on; harping on; harped on
If you say that someone harps on a subject, or harps on about it, you mean that they keep on talking about it in a way that other people find annoying.

- Jones harps on this theme more than on any other.

- She concentrated on the good parts of her trip instead of harping on about the bad.

PHR-V

harpist

[ˈhɑ:pist]

n.

弹竖琴者,竖琴师

harpist

harpist harpists
A harpist is someone who plays the harp.
N-COUNT

harpoon

[D.J.:hɑ:ˈpu:n]

n.

鱼镖;鱼叉

harpoon

1. harpoon harpoons
A harpoon is a long pointed weapon with a long rope attached to it, which is fired or thrown by people hunting whales or large sea fish.
N-COUNT

2. harpoon harpoons harpooning harpooned
To harpoon a whale or large fish means to hit it with a harpoon.

- Norwegian whalers said yesterday they had harpooned a female minke whale.

VB

harpsichord

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:psɪˌkɔ:d, -ˌkəʊrd]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrpsɪˌkɔrd, -ˌkord]

n.

有键竖琴；羽管键琴；大键琴

harpsichordist

n.

harpsichordist

演奏大键琴者

harpsichord

harpsichord harpsichords
A harpsichord is an old-fashioned musical instrument rather like a small piano. When you press the keys, the strings are pulled, rather than being hit by hammers as in a piano.
N-VAR: oft the N

harpy

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:pi]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrpi]

n.

〈希神〉〈罗神〉哈耳皮埃(身是女人,而翅膀、尾巴及爪似鸟的怪物)

harpy

1. harpy harpies
In classical mythology, the harpies were creatures with the bodies of birds and the faces of women. They flew quickly and were cruel and greedy.
N-COUNT: usu pl, oft the N

2. harpy harpies
If you refer to a woman as a harpy , you mean that she is very cruel or violent. (LITERARY)

- Murderous women are not presented by Trollope as harpies or monsters but as ordinary people provoked to excessive acts.

N-COUNT disapproval

harridan

[D.J.:ˈhærɪdn]

[K.K.:ˈhærɪdn..]

n.

脾气暴躁的老妇人,老泼妇

harridan

harridan harridans
If you call a woman a harridan , you mean that she is unpleasant and speaks too forcefully. (FORMAL)

- She was a mean old harridan.

N-COUNT disapproval

harrow

[D.J.:ˈhærəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈhæro]

n.

耙

v.

耙地

折磨,使苦恼

harrow

harrow harrows
A harrow is a piece of farm equipment consisting of a row of blades fixed to a heavy frame. When it is pulled over ploughed land, the blades break up large lumps of soil.
N-COUNT

harrowing

[D.J.:ˈhærəʊɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhæroɪŋ]

adj.

令人伤心的,令人痛苦的

harrowing *

harrowing
A harrowing experience is extremely upsetting or disturbing.

- You've had a harrowing time this past month.

- ...harrowing pictures of the children who had been murdered.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= disturbing

harrowing

adjective

distressing

agonizing

disturbing

heart-rending

nerve-racking

painful

terrifying

tormenting

traumatic

harry

[D.J.:ˈhæri:]

[K.K.:ˈhæri]

vt.

使苦恼, 不断烦扰

一再袭击, 侵扰

harry *

1. harry harries harrying harried
If someone harries you, they keep bothering you or trying to get something from you.

- He is increasingly active in harrying the government in late-night debates.

VB
= hassle

2. harried

- ...harried businessmen scurrying from one crowded office to another.

ADJ-GRADED
= worried

harry

verb

pester

badger

bother

chivvy

harass

hassle informal

molest

plague

harsh

[D.J.:hɑ:ʃ]

[K.K.:hɑrʃ]

adj.

刺耳的, 刺眼的, 粗糙的

严厉的, 严酷的

harshly

[D.J.:ˈh ɑ:ʃlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈh ɑrʃlɪ]

adv.

粗糙地

刺耳地

严厉地；苛刻

harshness

n.

粗糙的事物,严肃,刺耳

harsh **

1. harsh harsher harshest
Harsh climates or conditions are very difficult for people, animals, and plants to live in.

- The weather grew harsh, chilly and unpredictable.

- ...the harsh desert environment.

- ...after the harsh experience of the war.

ADJ-GRADED
= severe ≠ mild

2. harshness

- ...the harshness of their living conditions.

N-UNCOUNT
= severity

3. harsh harsher harshest
Harsh actions or speech are unkind and show no understanding or sympathy.

- ...the cold, harsh cruelty of her husband...

- He said many harsh and unkind things about his opponents.

ADJ-GRADED
= cruel severe

4. harshly

- She's been told that her husband is being harshly treated in prison.

- `Why didn't you tell me before?' asked Hunter harshly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. harshness

- ...treating him with great harshness.

N-UNCOUNT
= severity

6. harsh harsher harshest
Something that is harsh is so hard, bright, or rough that it seems unpleasant or harmful.

- Tropical colours may look rather harsh in our dull northern light.

- ...harsher detergents that can leave hair brittle.

ADJ-GRADED

7. harshness

- ...as the wine ages, losing its bitter harshness.

N-UNCOUNT

8. harsh harsher harshest
Harsh voices and sounds are ones that are rough and unpleasant to listen to.

- It's a pity she has such a loud harsh voice.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ soft gentle

9. harshly

- Chris laughed harshly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

10. harshness

- Then in a tone of abrupt harshness, he added, `Open these trunks!'.

N-UNCOUNT

11. harsh harsher harshest
If you talk about harsh realities or facts, or the harsh truth, you are emphasizing that they are true or real, although they are unpleasant and people try to avoid thinking about them.

- The harsh truth is that luck plays a big part in who will live or die.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= grim bitter

harsh

adjective

1.

raucous

discordant

dissonant

grating

guttural

rasping

rough

strident

2.

severe

austere

cruel

Draconian

drastic

pitiless

punitive

ruthless

stern

harshly

adverb

severely

brutally

cruelly

roughly

sternly

strictly

harshness

noun

severity

asperity

austerity

brutality

rigour

roughness

sternness

harvest

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:vist]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrvɪst]

n.

收割, 收获; 收获季节, 收获期

收成, 收获量

结果

vt. & vi.

收割, 收成

vt.

收到

harvesting

[ˈhɑ:vistiŋ]

v.,n.

收获

harvest **

1. harvest
The harvest is the gathering of a crop.

- There was about 300 million tons of grain in the fields at the start of the harvest.

N-SING: the N

2. harvest harvests
A harvest is the crop that is gathered in.

- ...a bumper potato harvest...

- Millions of people are threatened with starvation as a result of drought and poor harvests.

N-COUNT

3. harvest harvests harvesting harvested
When you harvest a crop, you gather it in.

- Many farmers are refusing to harvest the cane.

- ...freshly harvested beetroot.

VB

4. harvesting

- ...war is hampering harvesting and the distribution of food aid.

N-UNCOUNT

5. harvest harvests harvesting harvested
If you harvest a large number of things, you collect them, often by making great efforts. (LITERARY)

- In his new career as a restaurateur he has blossomed and harvested many awards.

VB
= collect

6. harvest
If you reap the harvest , you benefit or suffer from the results of your past actions or of someone else's past actions. (WRITTEN)

- The Israeli Prime Minister must be convinced that he will reap a richer harvest of votes by going to the electorate well before October.

PHR: V inflects

harvest

noun

1.

crop

produce

yield

verb

2.

gather

mow

pick

pluck

reap

harvester

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:vɪstə]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrvɪstɚ]

n.

收割庄稼的人;收割机

harvester

1. harvester harvesters
A harvester is a machine which cuts and often collects crops such as wheat, maize, or vegetables.
N-COUNT
See also combine harvester .

2. harvester harvesters
You can refer to a person who cuts, picks, or gathers crops as a harvester .
N-COUNT

harvest festival

harvest festival harvest festivals
A harvest festival is a Christian church service held every autumn to thank God for the harvest. (mainly BRIT)
N-VAR

has

has
Has is the third person singular of the present tense of have .

has-been

[D.J.:ˈhæzbin]

[K.K.:ˈhæzˌbɪn]

n.

〈口〉曾经盛极一时的人,过时的人

has-been

has-been has-beens
If you describe someone as a has-been , you are indicating in an unkind way that they were important or respected in the past, but they are not now.

- ...the so-called experts and various has-beens who foist opinions on us.

N-COUNT disapproval

hash

[D.J.:hæʃ]

[K.K.:hæʃ]

n.

肉末

hash *

1. hash
If you make a hash of a job or task, you do it very badly. (INFORMAL)

- The Government made a total hash of things and squandered a small fortune.

- Watson had made a thorough hash of it.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n/-ing
= bungle

2. hash
Hash is a dish made from meat cut into small lumps and fried with other ingredients such as onions or potato.

- ...corned beef hash.

N-UNCOUNT: oft n N

3. hash
Hash is hashish . (INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

hash

noun Informal

make a hash of

mess up

botch

bungle

make a pig's ear of informal

mishandle

mismanage

muddle

hash browns

hash browns
Hash browns or hashed browns are potatoes that have been chopped into small pieces, formed into small cakes, and cooked on a grill or in a frying pan.
N-PLURAL also hashed browns .

hashish

[D.J.:ˈhæʃi:ʃ]

[K.K.:ˈhæʃˌiʃ, -ɪʃ, hæˈʃiʃ, hɑ-]

n.

以印度大麻提炼的麻药

hashish

hashish
Hashish is an illegal drug made from the hemp plant which some people smoke like a cigarette to make them feel relaxed. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-UNCOUNT

hasn't

[D.J.:ˈhæznt]

[K.K.:ˈhæzənt]

=has not

hasn't

hasn't
Hasn't is the usual spoken form of has not .

hasp

[D.J.:hɑ:sp]

[K.K.:hæsp]

n.

(门、窗、盖子等的)搭扣

vt.

把铁扣扣上

hasp

hasp hasps
A hasp is a flat piece of metal with a long hole in it, fastened to the edge of a door or lid. To close the door or lid, you push the hasp over a metal loop fastened to the other part and put a lock through the loop.
N-COUNT

hassle

[D.J.:ˈhæsəl]

[K.K.:ˈhæsəl]

n.

困难的事情, 麻烦的事情

争论, 麻烦

vt.

不断烦扰

hassle *

1. hassle hassles
A hassle is a situation that is difficult and involves problems, effort, or arguments with people. (INFORMAL)

- I don't think it's worth the money or the hassle.

- Weddings are so much hassle that you need a good break afterwards.

- ...a day spent travelling, with all the usual hassles at airport check-in.

N-VAR
= aggro trouble

2. hassle hassles hassling hassled
If someone hassles you, they cause problems for you, often by repeatedly telling you or asking you to do something, in an annoying way. (INFORMAL)

- Then my husband started hassling me.

- If you are tired of being hassled by unreasonable parents, leave home and pay your own way.

VB

hassle

noun

1.

argument

bickering

disagreement

dispute

fight

quarrel

row

squabble

2.

trouble

bother

difficulty

grief informal

inconvenience

problem

verb

3.

bother

annoy

badger

bug informal

harass

hound

pester

hassock

[D.J.:ˈhæsək]

[K.K.:ˈhæsək]

n.

当座凳用的厚垫,跪垫,草丛

hassock

hassock hassocks
A hassock is a cushion for kneeling on in a church. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

hast

[D.J.:hæst,həst]

[K.K.:hæst]

have的第二人称单数现在式

hast

hast
Hast is an old-fashioned second person singular form of the verb `have'. It is used with `thou' which is an old-fashioned form of `you'.

haste

[D.J.:heist]

[K.K.:hest]

n.

急忙, 匆忙

haste *

1. haste
Haste is the quality of doing something quickly, sometimes too quickly so that you are careless and make mistakes.

- In their haste to escape the rising water, they dropped some expensive equipment.

- The translations bear the signs of inaccuracy and haste.

N-UNCOUNT
= rush

2. haste
If you do something in haste , you do it quickly and hurriedly, and sometimes carelessly.

- Don't act in haste or be hot-headed.

PHR: PHR after v

3. haste
If someone is told to make haste , they are told to do something quickly and not waste time. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- As Simon was under orders to make haste, some days they covered thirty miles.

PHR: V inflects
= hurry

haste

noun

1.

speed

alacrity

quickness

rapidity

swiftness

urgency

velocity

2.

rush

hurry

hustle

impetuosity

hasten

[D.J.:ˈheɪsən]

[K.K.:ˈhesən]

vt. & vi.

加速;催促;赶快

hasten *

1. hasten hastens hastening hastened
If you hasten an event or process, often an unpleasant one, you make it happen faster or sooner.

- But if he does this, he may hasten the collapse of his own country.

VB
= precipitate

2. hasten hastens hastening hastened
If you hasten to do something, you are quick to do it.

- She more than anyone had hastened to sign the contract.

VB

3. hasten hastens hastening hastened
If you hasten to say something, you quickly add something to what you have just said in order to prevent it being misunderstood.

- Naturally, it'll go back. But without Murray's little note, I hasten to add.

- `There's no threat in this, Freddie,' Arnold hastened to say.

- He hastened to assure me that there was nothing traumatic to report.

VB
= be quick

4. hasten hastens hastening hastened
If you hasten somewhere, you hurry there. (LITERARY)

- One of them, the first to alight, hastened with quicksilver steps towards me.

VB
= hurry

hasten

verb

rush

dash

fly

hurry (up)

make haste

race

scurry

speed

hastily

[D.J.:ˈheɪstɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈhestɪlɪ]

adv.

匆忙地,仓促地

hasty

[D.J.:ˈheisti]

[K.K.:ˈhesti]

adj.

仓促完成的, 急忙的, 急速的

草率的, 轻率的

hasty **

1. hasty hastier hastiest
A hasty movement, action, or statement is sudden, and often done in reaction to something that has just happened.

- One company is giving its employees airplane tickets in the event they need to make a hasty escape.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= swift quick

2. hastily

- `It may be satisfying, but it's not fun.' `No, I'm sure it's not,' said Virginia hastily. `I didn't mean that.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= swiftly

3. hasty hastier hastiest
A hasty event or action is one that is completed more quickly than normal.

- After the hasty meal, the men had moved forward to take up their positions.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= quick hurried

4. hastily

- He said good night hastily, promising that he would phone Hans in the morning.

- The survivors were recovering in hastily erected tents.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= hurriedly

5. hasty hastier hastiest
If you describe a person or their behaviour as hasty , you mean that they are acting too quickly, without thinking carefully, for example because they are angry.

- So let's not be hasty. After all, he can't run away.

- A number of the United States' allies had urged him not to take a hasty decision.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= rash

6. hastily

- I decided that nothing should be done hastily, that things had to be sorted out carefully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

hastily

adverb

1.

speedily

promptly

quickly

rapidly

2.

hurriedly

impetuously

precipitately

rashly

hasty

adjective

1.

speedy

brisk

hurried

prompt

rapid

swift

urgent

2.

impetuous

impulsive

precipitate

rash

thoughtless

hat

[D.J.:hæt]

[K.K.:hæt]

n.

帽子

hat ***

1. hat hats
A hat is a head covering, often with a brim round it, which is usually worn out of doors to give protection from the weather.
N-COUNT

2. hat hats
If you say that someone is wearing a particular hat , you mean that they are performing a particular role at that time. If you say that they wear several hats , you mean that they have several roles or jobs.

- ...putting on my nationalistic hat.

- ...various problems, including too many people wearing too many hats.

N-COUNT: with supp

3. hat
If you say that you are ready to do something at the drop of a hat , you mean that you are willing to do it immediately, without hesitating.

- India is one part of the world I would go to at the drop of a hat.

PHR: PHR after v

4. hat
If you tell someone to keep a piece of information under their hat , you are asking them not to tell anyone else about it.

- Look, if I tell you something, will you promise to keep it under your hat?.

- He kept it all very much under his hat.

PHR:V inflects

5. hat
If you say that something or someone is old hat , you mean that they have existed or been known for a long time, and they have become uninteresting and boring.

- The younger generation tell me that religion is `old hat' and science has proved this.

PHR: v-link PHR

6. hat
In British English, if you pass the hat around , you collect money from a group of people, for example in order to give someone a present. In American English, you just say pass the hat .

- Professors are passing the hat to help staff in their department.

PHR: V inflects

7. hat
If you say that you take your hat off to someone, you mean that you admire them for something that they have done.

- I take my hat off to Mr Clarke for taking this action.

- I was impressed by that, you have to take your hat off to the guy.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n approval

8. hat
If you say ` Hats off to someone', you are expressing admiration for them.

- Hats off to them for supporting the homeless.

CONVENTION approval

9. hat
To pull something out of the hat means to do something unexpected which helps you to succeed, often when you are failing.

- Southampton had somehow managed to pull another Cup victory out of the hat.

PHR: V inflects

10. hat
In competitions, if you say that the winners will be drawn or picked out of the hat , you mean that they will be chosen randomly, so everyone has an equal chance of winning.

- The first 10 correct entries drawn out of the hat will win a pair of tickets, worth £20 each.

PHR: PHR after v

hatband

[D.J.:ˈhætbænd]

[K.K.:ˈhætˌbænd]

n.

帽边的缎带,服丧时帽子上的黑带

hatband

hatband hatbands
A hatband is a strip of cloth that is put round a hat above the brim as a decoration.
N-COUNT

hatbox

[D.J.:ˈhætˌbɔks]

[K.K.:ˈhætˌbɑks]

n.

帽盒

hatbox

hatbox hatboxes
A hatbox is a cylindrical box in which a hat can be carried and stored.
N-COUNT

hatch

[D.J.:hætʃ]

[K.K.:hætʃ]

vt. & vi.

孵化

孵出, 破壳而出

vt.

秘密策划

n.

开口, 活板门; 舱口

hatched

阴影线的

hatching

[D.J.:ˈhætʃiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhætʃɪŋ]

n.

阴影,影线

hatch **

1. hatch hatches hatching hatched
When a baby bird, insect, or other animal hatches , or when it is hatched , it comes out of its egg by breaking the shell.

- As soon as the two chicks hatch, they leave the nest burrow.

- The young disappeared soon after they were hatched.

V-ERG

2. hatch hatches hatching hatched
When an egg hatches or when a bird, insect, or other animal hatches an egg, the egg breaks open and a baby comes out.

- The eggs hatch after a week or ten days.

- During these periods the birds will lie on the cage floor as if trying to lay or hatch eggs.

V-ERG

3. hatch out hatches out; hatching out; hatched out
Hatch out means the same as hatch .

- Seeing the eggs hatch out for the first time is a moment that I will never forget.

PHR-V

4. hatch hatches hatching hatched
If you hatch a plot or a scheme, you think of it and work it out.

- He has accused opposition parties of hatching a plot to assassinate the Pope.

VB

5. hatch hatches
A hatch is an opening in the deck of a ship, through which people or cargo can go. You can also refer to the door of this opening as a hatch .

- He stuck his head up through the hatch.

- All deck fittings, windows, hatches and doors had been fastened.

N-COUNT

6. hatch hatches
A hatch is an opening in a ceiling or a wall, especially between a kitchen and a dining room, which you can pass something such as food through. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

7. hatch
If someone battens down the hatches , they prepare themselves so that they will be able to survive a coming difficulty or crisis.

- Many firms are battening down the hatches and preparing to ride out the storm.

PHR: V inflects

hatch

verb

1.

incubate

breed

bring forth

brood

2.

devise

conceive

concoct

contrive

cook up informal

design

dream up informal

think up

hatchback

[D.J.:ˈhætʃˌbæk]

[K.K.:ˈhætʃˌbæk]

n.

装有向上开的后车门的小轿车

hatchback

hatchback hatchbacks
A hatchback is a car with an extra door at the back which opens upwards.
N-COUNT

hatchery

[D.J.:ˈhætʃəri]

[K.K.:ˈhætʃəri]

n.

(尤指鱼的)孵化场

hatchery

hatchery hatcheries
A hatchery is a place where people control the hatching of eggs, especially fish eggs.
N-COUNT

hatchet

[D.J.:ˈhætʃɪt]

[K.K.:ˈhætʃɪt]

n.

短柄小斧

a hatchet job (on sb/sth)

恶毒攻击；诽谤

bury the hatchet

休战；和解

hatchet *

1. hatchet hatchets
A hatchet is a small axe that you can hold in one hand.
N-COUNT

2. hatchet
Someone with a hatchet face has a long, narrow face with sharp features.

- ...an old naval sergeant, with a hatchet face and drooping moustaches.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. hatchet
If two people bury the hatchet , they become friendly again after a quarrel or disagreement.
PHR-RECIP: V inflects

hatchet job

hatchet job hatchet jobs
To do a hatchet job on someone or something means to say or write something mentioning many bad things about them, which harms their reputation. (INFORMAL)

- Unfortunately, his idea of bold journalism was a hatchet job, portraying the staff in a negative light.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N on n
= attack

hatchet man

hatchet man hatchet men
You can refer to someone who makes changes in an organization by getting rid of lots of people as a hatchet man , especially if you think they do so in an unnecessarily harsh way. (INFORMAL)

- They reckoned he was a hatchet man, out to shred the workforce and crush the union.

N-COUNT disapproval

hatchway

[D.J.:ˈhætʃwei]

[K.K.:ˈhætʃˌwe]

n.

舱口,地板,天花板出入口

hatchway

hatchway hatchways
A hatchway is the same as a hatch.
N-COUNT

hate

[D.J.:heit]

[K.K.:het]

vt.

憎恨, 讨厌

不愿, 不喜欢

为…感到抱歉

n.

憎恨; 厌恶

所恨的人或物

hate ***

1. hate hates hating hated
If you hate someone or something, you have an extremely strong feeling of dislike for them.

- Most people hate him, but they don't dare to say so, because he still rules the country.

- I hated myself for writing that letter.

VB
= detest loathe ≠ love

2. hate
Also a noun.

- I was 17 and filled with a lot of hate.

- It is difficult to bear the agony of our loved ones' anger and hate.

- ...eyes that held a look of chronic hate.

N-UNCOUNT
= hatred

3. hated

- He's probably the most hated man in this county.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= detested

4. hate hates hated
If you say that you hate something such as a particular activity, you mean that you find it very unpleasant.

- Ted hated parties, even gatherings of people he liked individually.

- She hated hospitals and didn't like the idea of having an operation.

- He hates to be interrupted during training.

- He hated coming home to the empty house.

- I hate it when people accuse us of that.

- I would hate him to think I'm trying to trap him.

- She hates me having any fun and is quite jealous and spoiled.

VB: no cont
= dislike ≠ like

5. hate hates hated
You can use hate in expressions such as ` I hate to trouble you ' or ` I hate to bother you ' when you are apologizing to someone for interrupting them or asking them to do something.

- I hate to rush you but I have another appointment later on.

VB: no cont politeness

6. hate hates hated
You can use hate in expressions such as ` I hate to say it ' or ` I hate to tell you ' when you want to express regret about what you are about to say, because you think it is unpleasant or should not be the case.

- I hate to tell you this, but tomorrow's your last day.

- I hate to admit it, but you were right.

VB: no cont feelings

7. hate hates hated
You can use hate in expressions such as ` I hate to see ' or ` I hate to think ' when are emphasizing that you find a situation or an idea unpleasant.

- I just hate to see you doing this to yourself.

VB: no cont emphasis

8. hate hates hated
You can use hate in expressions such as ` I'd hate to think ' when you hope that something is not true or that something will not happen.

- I'd hate to think my job would not be secure if I left it temporarily.

VB: no cont

hate

verb

1.

detest

abhor

despise

dislike

loathe

recoil from

2.

be unwilling

be loath

be reluctant

be sorry

dislike

feel disinclined

shrink from

noun

3.

dislike

animosity

antipathy

aversion

detestation

enmity

hatred

hostility

loathing

hate campaign

hate campaign hate campaigns
A hate campaign is a series of actions which are intended to harm or upset someone, or to make other people have a low opinion of them.

- The media has waged a virulent hate campaign against her.

N-COUNT: usu sing

hateful

[D.J.:ˈheɪtfəl]

[K.K.:ˈhetfəl]

adj.

可恶的;十分讨厌的

hateful

1. hateful
Someone or something that is hateful is extremely unpleasant. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- I'm sorry I didn't mean that. It was a hateful thing to say.

ADJ-GRADED
= horrid

2. hateful
Someone who is hateful hates someone else.

- These are not necessarily hateful, malicious people.

- ...a lying, hateful and racist campaign.

ADJ-GRADED

hateful

adjective

despicable

abhorrent

detestable

horrible

loathsome

obnoxious

odious

offensive

repellent

repugnant

repulsive

hate mail

hate mail
If someone receives hate mail , they receive unpleasant or threatening letters.
N-UNCOUNT also hate-mail .

hater

[ˈheitə]

n.

怀恨在心者

hater

1. hater haters
If you call someone a hater of something, you mean that they strongly dislike that thing.

- Braccio was a hater of idleness.

N-COUNT: N of n

2. hater
Also a combining form.

- He was reputed to be a woman-hater.

- A mustache-hater, he is said once to have made an employee shave before he got a raise.

COMB in N-COUNT

hath

[D.J.:hæθ;həθ,əθ]

[K.K.:hæθ]

〈废〉have的第三人称单数现在式

hath

hath
Hath is an old-fashioned third person singular form of the verb `have'.

hatpin

[D.J.:ˈhætpin]

[K.K.:ˈhætˌpɪn]

n.

帽针

hatpin

hatpin hatpins
A hatpin is a metal pin which can be pushed through a woman's hat and through her hair to keep the hat in position.
N-COUNT

hatred

[D.J.:ˈheitrid]

[K.K.:ˈhetrɪd]

n.

仇恨, 憎恶

厌恶的事

hatred **

hatred
Hatred is an extremely strong feeling of dislike for someone or something.

- Her hatred of them would never lead her to murder.

- My hatred for her is so intense it seems to be destroying me.

- He has been accused of inciting racial hatred.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, oft N of/for n
≠ love

hatred

noun

dislike

animosity

antipathy

aversion

detestation

enmity

hate

repugnance

revulsion

hat-trick *

hat-trick hat-tricks
A hat-trick is a series of three achievements, especially in a sports event, for example three goals scored by the same person in a soccer game.

- I scored a hat-trick against Arsenal.

N-COUNT also hat trick .

haughtily

[D.J.:ˈh ɔ:tɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈh ɔtɪlɪ]

adv.

傲慢地

haughty

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:ti:]

[K.K.:ˈhɔti]

adj.

傲慢的, 目中无人的

haughty

1. haughty
You use haughty to describe someone's behaviour or appearance when you disapprove of the fact that they seem to be very proud and to think that they are better than other people.

- He spoke in a haughty tone.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= disdainful ≠ humble

2. haughtily

- Toni looked at him rather haughtily.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

haughty

adjective

proud

arrogant

conceited

contemptuous

disdainful

imperious

scornful

snooty informal

stuck-up informal

supercilious

haul

[D.J.:hɔ:l]

[K.K.:hɔl]

vt. & vi.

拖, 拉

vt.

运送

传讯

n.

拖, 拉

拖运货物的距离

一网的捕获量, 一次偷得的数量

hauls

捕获数

haul **

1. haul hauls hauling hauled
If you haul something which is heavy or difficult to move, you move it using a lot of effort.

- A crane had to be used to haul the car out of the stream.

- He hauled himself to his feet.

- She hauled up her bedroom window and leaned out.

VB

2. haul hauls hauling hauled
If someone is hauled before a court or someone in authority, they are made to appear before them because they are accused of having done something wrong.

- She was hauled before magistrates for refusing to reveal her age to a policeman.

- He was hauled before the managing director and fired.

VB: usu passive

3. haul
Haul up means the same as haul .

- He was hauled up before the Board of Trustees.

- She was late for the interview after being hauled up for speeding.

PHRASAL VERB: usu passive

4. haul hauls
A haul is a quantity of things that are stolen, or a quantity of stolen or illegal goods found by police or customs.

- The size of the drugs haul shows that the international trade in heroin is still flourishing.

- Another break-in yielded a £4,000 haul of jewellery.

N-COUNT: with supp

5. haul
If you say that a task or a journey is a long haul , you mean that it takes a long time and a lot of effort.

- Revitalising the Romanian economy will be a long haul.

PHR

haul

verb

1.

drag

draw

heave

lug

pull

tug

noun

2.

gain

booty

catch

harvest

loot

spoils

takings

yield

haulage

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:lidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈhɔlɪdʒ]

n.

公路[铁路]货运业; 公路[铁路]运费

haulage

haulage
Haulage is the business of transporting goods by road. (mainly BRIT)

- The haulage company was a carrier of machine parts to Turkey.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

hauler

[ˈhɔ:lə]

n.

运输业者,搬运工

hauler

hauler haulers
A hauler is the same as a haulier . (AM)
N-COUNT

haulier

[ˈhɔ:liə]

n.

拖曳者,货运马车夫

haulier

haulier hauliers
A haulier is a company or a person that transports goods by road. (BRIT; in AM use hauler )
N-COUNT

haunch

[D.J.:hɔ:ntʃ, hɔntʃ]

[K.K.:hɔntʃ, hɑntʃ]

n.

腰腿

(鹿等供食用的)腰腿肉

haunch

1. haunch
If you get down on your haunches , you lower yourself towards the ground so that your legs are bent under you and you are balancing on your feet.

- Edgar squatted on his haunches.

- Ferris was crouched down on his haunches.

PHR: v PHR

2. haunch haunches
The haunches of an animal or person are the area of the body which includes the bottom, the hips, and the tops of the legs.
N-COUNT: usu pl

haunt

[D.J.:hɔ:nt]

[K.K.:hɔnt, hɑnt]

vt.

经常出没于

缠绕, 萦绕

n.

某人常去的地方

haunted

[D.J.:ˈh ɔ:ntɪd]

[K.K.:ˈh ɔntɪd]

adj.

闹鬼的

受到折磨的；焦虑不安的

haunting

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:ntɪŋ, ˈhɔn-]

[K.K.:ˈhɔntɪŋ, ˈhɑn-]

adj.

萦绕于心的,不易忘怀的

haunt **

1. haunt haunts haunting haunted
If something unpleasant haunts you, you keep thinking or worrying about it over a long period of time.

- The decision to leave her children now haunts her.

- He would always be haunted by that scene in Well Park.

VB

2. haunt haunts haunting haunted
Something that haunts a person or organization regularly causes them problems over a long period of time.

- The stigma of being a bankrupt is likely to haunt him for the rest of his life.

VB
= plague

3. haunt haunts
A place that is the haunt of a particular person is one which they often visit because they enjoy going there.

- The Channel Islands are a favourite summer haunt for UK and French yachtsmen alike.

N-COUNT: with supp

4. haunt haunts haunting haunted
A ghost or spirit that haunts a place or a person regularly appears in the place, or is seen by the person and frightens them.

- His ghost is said to haunt some of the rooms, banging a toy drum.

VB

haunted *

1. haunted
A haunted building or other place is one where a ghost regularly appears.

- Tracy said the cabin was haunted.

- ...a haunted house.

ADJ

2. haunted
Someone who has a haunted expression looks very worried or troubled.

- She looked so haunted, I almost didn't recognize her.

ADJ-GRADED
= troubled ≠ calm

haunting *

1. haunting
Haunting sounds, images, or words remain in your thoughts because they are very beautiful or sad.

- ...the haunting calls of wild birds in the mahogany trees.

- ...haunting prose.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= poignant

2. hauntingly

- Each one of these ancient towns is hauntingly beautiful.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

haunt

verb

1.

plague

obsess

possess

prey on

recur

stay with

torment

trouble

weigh on

noun

2.

meeting place

hangout informal

rendezvous

stamping ground

haunted

adjective

1.

possessed

cursed

eerie

ghostly

jinxed

spooky informal

2.

preoccupied

obsessed

plagued

tormented

troubled

worried

haunting

adjective

poignant

evocative

nostalgic

persistent

unforgettable

haute couture

haute couture
Haute couture refers to the designing and making of high-quality fashion clothes, or to the clothes themselves. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

hauteur

[D.J.:həʊˈtɜ:, əʊˈtɜ:r]

[K.K.:hoˈtə.., oˈtə..r]

n.

傲慢

hauteur

hauteur
You can use hauteur to describe behaviour which you think is proud and arrogant. (FORMAL)

- Once, she had been put off by his hauteur. Now, she was struck by his energy.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

haven

[D.J.:ˈheivn]

[K.K.:ˈhevən]

n.

港口; 安全地方

haven **

haven havens
A haven is a place where people or animals feel safe, secure, and happy.

- It's a real haven at the end of a busy working day.

- ...Lake Baringo, a freshwater haven for a mixed variety of birds.

N-COUNT: oft N for/of n
= refuge

See also safe haven .

haven

noun Slang

sanctuary

asylum

refuge

retreat

sanctum

shelter

have-nots

have-nots
If you refer to two groups of people as haves and have-nots , you mean that the first group are very wealthy and the second group are very poor. You can also refer generally to poor people as have-nots .

- The stark contrast between the haves and have-nots has always existed but in a recession the injustices become more painful.

- The position of the have-nots in our society could deteriorate even further.

PHR

haven't

[D.J.:ˈhævənt]

[K.K.:ˈhævənt]

=have not

haven't

haven't
Haven't is the usual spoken form of have not . (SPOKEN)

haversack

[D.J.:ˈhævəˌsæk]

[K.K.:ˈhævɚˌsæk]

n.

粗帆布背包

haversack

haversack haversacks
A haversack is a canvas bag that is usually worn over one shoulder. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

havoc

[ˈhævək]

n.

大破坏, 毁坏

havoc *

1. havoc
Havoc is great disorder, and confusion.

- Rioters caused havoc in the centre of the town.

N-UNCOUNT
= chaos

2. havoc
If one thing plays havoc with another or wreaks havoc on it, it prevents it from continuing or functioning as normal, or damages it.

- Drug addiction soon played havoc with his career.

- The weather played havoc with airline schedules.

- Stress can wreak havoc on the immune system.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

havoc

noun

disorder

chaos

confusion

disruption

mayhem

shambles

haw

[D.J.:hɔ:]

[K.K.:hɔ]

n.

山楂,吆喝牲畜左转,瞬膜,呃

v.

(使)向左转,支吾

haw

1. haw haws
Haws are the red berries produced by hawthorn trees in autumn.
N-COUNT

2. haw
Writers sometimes use ` haw haw ' to show that one of their characters is laughing, especially in a rather unpleasant or superior way.

- Look at the plebs! Getting all muddy! Haw haw haw!

EXCLAM

3. haw
If you hem and haw , or in British English hum and haw , you take a long time to say something because you cannot think of the right words, or because you are not sure what to say.

- Tim hemmed and hawed, but finally told his boss the truth.

PHR: Vs inflect

hawk

[D.J.:hɔ:k]

[K.K.:hɔk]

n.

鹰

鹰派人物, 主战派人物

vt.

沿街叫卖

hawking

[D.J.:ˈh ɔ:kɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈh ɔkɪŋ]

n.

利用鹰行猎

hawk **

1. hawk hawks
A hawk is a large bird with a short, hooked beak, sharp claws, and very good eyesight. Hawks catch and eat small birds and animals.
N-COUNT

2. hawk hawks
If you refer to someone as a hawk , you mean that they believe in using force and violence to achieve something, rather than using more peaceful or diplomatic methods. Compare dove .

- Both hawks and doves have expanded their conditions for ending the war.

N-COUNT
≠ dove

3. hawk hawks hawking hawked
If someone hawks goods, they sell them by walking through the streets or knocking at people's houses, and asking people to buy them. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...vendors hawking trinkets.

VB
= peddle

4. hawk hawks hawking hawked
You can say that someone is hawking something if you do not like the forceful way in which they are asking people to buy it.

- Developers will be hawking cut-price flats and houses.

VB disapproval

5. hawk around hawks around; hawking around; hawked around
Hawk around means the same as hawk . (BRIT)

- He is hawking around a 15-minute, £5,000 promotional video.

- Most of the women were hawking food around the various prisons.

PHR-V

6. hawk hawks hawking hawked
If someone hawks , they noisily clear mucus from their throat and spit it out. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He hawked and spat.

VB

7. hawk
If you watch someone like a hawk , you observe them very carefully, usually to make sure that they do not make a mistake or do something you do not want them to do.
PHR: V inflects

hawker

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:kə]

[K.K.:ˈhɔkɚ]

n.

沿街叫卖者

hawker *

hawker hawkers
You can use hawker to refer to a person who tries to sell things by calling at people's homes or standing in the street, especially when you do not approve of this activity.

- ...as soon as she saw that it was a visitor and not a hawker or tramp at her door.

N-COUNT disapproval
= peddler

hawkish

[ˈhɔ:kiʃ]

adj.

鹰派的,强硬派的

hawkish

hawkish
Journalists use hawkish to describe politicians or governments who are in favour of using force to achieve something, rather than using peaceful and diplomatic methods.

- He is one of the most hawkish members of the new cabinet.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ dovish

hawser

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:zə]

[K.K.:ˈhɔzɚ]

n.

(供系船或下锚用的)缆索,锚链

hawser

hawser hawsers
A hawser is a large heavy rope, especially one used on a ship.
N-COUNT

hawthorn

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:θɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈhɔˌθɔrn]

n.

〈植〉山楂树

hawthorn *

hawthorn hawthorns
A hawthorn is a small tree which has sharp thorns and produces white or pink flowers.

- Much of the track had become overgrown with hawthorn.

N-VAR

hay

[D.J.:hei]

[K.K.:he]

n.

干草

hay *

1. hay
Hay is grass which has been cut and dried so that it can be used to feed animals.

- ...bales of hay.

- ...traditional hay making methods.

N-UNCOUNT

2. hay
If you say that someone is making hay or is making hay while the sun shines , you mean that they are taking advantage of a situation that is favourable to them while they have the chance to.

- We shared a prescience of the coming war, and were determined to make hay while we could.

PHR: V inflects

hay fever *

hay fever
If someone is suffering from hay fever , they sneeze and their eyes itch, because they are allergic to grass or flowers.
N-UNCOUNT

haystack

[D.J.:ˈheɪˌstæk]

[K.K.:ˈheˌstæk]

n.

干草堆

haystack

1. haystack haystacks
A haystack is a large, solid pile of hay, often covered with a straw roof to protect it, which is left in the field until it is needed.
N-COUNT

2. haystack
If you are trying to find something and say that it is like looking for a needle in a haystack , you mean that you are very unlikely indeed to find it.
PHR

haywire

[D.J.:ˈheiwaiə]

[K.K.:ˈheˌwaɪr]

n.

〈美〉捆干草用的铁丝,取去干草后的杂乱缠绕的铁丝

haywire

haywire
If something goes haywire , it goes out of control or starts doing the wrong thing. (INFORMAL)

- Many Americans think their legal system has gone haywire.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

haywire

adjective

go haywire

topsy-turvy

chaotic

confused

disordered

disorganized

mixed up

out of order

shambolic informal

hazard

[D.J.:ˈhæzəd]

[K.K.:ˈhæzəd]

vt.

尝试着做[提出]

冒风险

n.

危险; 公害

hazard **

1. hazard hazards
A hazard is something which could be dangerous to you, your health or safety, or your plans or reputation.

- A new report suggests that chewing-gum may be a health hazard.

- Oil leaking from a barge in the Mississippi River poses a hazard to the drinking water of New Orleans.

N-COUNT: oft N to/for n, N of n

2. hazard hazards hazarding hazarded
If you hazard someone or something, you put them into a situation which might be dangerous for them. (mainly WRITTEN)

- He could not believe that, had the Englishman known how much he was at risk, he would have hazarded his grandson.

VB
= endanger

3. hazard hazards hazarding hazarded
If you hazard or if you hazard a guess, you make a suggestion about something which is only a guess and which you know might be wrong.

- I would hazard a guess that they'll do fairly well in the next election.

- `Fifteen or sixteen?' Mrs Dearden hazarded.

VB

hazard

noun

1.

danger

jeopardy

peril

pitfall

risk

threat

verb

2.

jeopardize

endanger

expose

imperil

risk

threaten

hazard a guess

3.

conjecture

advance

offer

presume

throw out

venture

volunteer

hazardous

[D.J.:ˈhæzədəs]

[K.K.:ˈhæzədəs]

adj.

冒险的,有危险的

hazardously

adv.

冒险地,有危险地

hazardousness

n.

冒险,危险

hazardous *

hazardous
Something that is hazardous is dangerous, especially to people's health or safety.

- They have no way to dispose of the hazardous waste they produce.

- Passive smoking can be hazardous to health.

ADJ-GRADED
= dangerous ≠ safe

hazardous

adjective

dangerous

dicey informal chiefly Brit.

difficult

insecure

perilous

precarious

risky

unsafe

haze

[D.J.:heiz]

[K.K.:hez]

n.

烟雾, 霾

心中的迷惑, 迷糊

haze *

1. haze hazes
Haze is light mist, caused by particles of water or dust in the air, which prevents you from seeing distant objects clearly. Haze often forms in hot weather.

- They vanished into the haze near the horizon.

- The sun smouldered through a thin summer haze.

- ...the shimmering heat haze.

N-VAR

2. haze
If there is a haze of something such as smoke or steam, you cannot see clearly through it. (LITERARY)

- Dan smiled at him through a haze of smoke and steaming coffee.

- A thick haze of acrid smoke hung in the air.

N-SING: usu N of n

3. haze
If someone is in a haze , they are not thinking clearly or not really noticing what is happening around them.

- His mind was a haze of fear and confusion.

- ...asking people to recollect a vanished past through a nostalgic haze.

N-SING: with supp, oft adj N, N of n
= blur

haze

noun

mist

cloud

fog

obscurity

vapour

hazel

[D.J.:ˈheɪzəl]

[K.K.:ˈhezəl]

n.

榛树

榛木

adj.

淡褐色的,黄褐色的

hazel *

1. hazel hazels
A hazel is a small tree which produces nuts that you can eat.
N-VAR

2. hazel hazels
Hazel eyes are greenish-brown in colour.
COLOUR

hazelnut

[D.J.:ˈheɪzəlˌnʌt]

[K.K.:ˈhezəlˌnʌt]

n.

榛实

hazelnut

hazelnut hazelnuts
Hazelnuts are nuts from a hazel tree, which can be eaten.
N-COUNT

hazily

adv.

朦胧地,模糊地

haziness

n.

朦胧之性质或状态

hazy

[D.J.:ˈheɪzi:]

[K.K.:ˈhezi]

adj.

有薄雾的;模糊的;不清楚的

hazily

adv.

有薄雾地;模糊地

haziness

n.

有薄雾;模糊

hazy *

1. hazy hazier haziest
Hazy weather conditions are those in which things are difficult to see, because of light mist, hot air, or dust.

- The air was thin and crisp, filled with hazy sunshine and frost.

- The floodlights were hazy behind the slanting rain.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ clear

2. hazy hazier haziest
If you are hazy about ideas or details, or if they are hazy , you are uncertain or confused about them.

- I'm a bit hazy about that.

- I have only a hazy memory of what he was really like.

- She had only a hazy idea of Britain's prison problems.

- Many details remain hazy.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ clear

3. hazy hazier haziest
If things seem hazy , you cannot see things clearly, for example because you are feeling ill.

- She sipped the wine. Everything was hazy now, except for Nick's face.

- My vision has grown so hazy.

- It's as if I'm living in a hazy dream world.

ADJ-GRADED

hazy

adjective

1.

misty

cloudy

dim

dull

foggy

overcast

2.

vague

fuzzy

ill-defined

indefinite

indistinct

muddled

nebulous

uncertain

unclear

H-bomb

[D.J.:ˈeitʃbɔm]

[K.K.:ˈetʃˌbɑm]

n.

氢弹

H-bomb

H-bomb H-bombs
An H-bomb is a bomb in which energy is released from hydrogen atoms.
N-COUNT

he

[D.J.:hi:, i]

[K.K.:hi]

pron.

他; 它

一个人

n.

雄性动物

he *****

( He is a third person singular pronoun. He is used as the subject of a verb.)

1. he
You use he to refer to a man, boy, or male animal.

- He could never quite remember all our names.

- He lives in Rapid City, South Dakota.

- Rex did all sorts of tricks. I cried when he died.

PRON-SING

2. he
In written English, he is sometimes used to refer to a person without saying whether that person is a man or a woman. Some people dislike this use and prefer to use `he or she' or `they'.

- The teacher should encourage the child to proceed as far as he can, and when he is stuck, ask for help.

PRON-SING

3. he
In some religions, He is used to refer to God.
PRON-SING

H.E.

H.E.
H.E. is a written abbreviation for His Excellency or Her Excellency and is used in the title of an important official such as an ambassador.

- ...H.E. the Italian Ambassador.

N-TITLE

head

[D.J.:hed]

[K.K.:hɛd]

n.

头部

领导, 首脑

上端, 顶部, 前端

个人

(牛、羊等)头数

头脑, 智力

vt.

带领; 居…之首; 主管

vi.

朝…行进; 长出头

headed

[D.J.:ˈhedid]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdɪd]

adj.

有头的,有标题的

heading

[D.J.:ˈhediŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdɪŋ]

n.

标题

heads

adj.

正面朝上的

head *****

( Head is used in a large number of expressions which are explained under other words in the dictionary. For example, the expression `off the top of your head' is explained at `top'.)

1. head heads
Your head is the top part of your body, which has your eyes, mouth, and brain in it.

- She turned her head away from him.

- He took a puff on his pipe and shook his head.

N-COUNT

2. head
You can also use head as a measure of distance, equal to the length of a person's or animal's head.

- The third gorilla was taller by a head.

N-SING: a N

3. head heads
You can use head to refer to your mind and your mental abilities.

- I can't get that song out of my head.

- ...an exceptional analyst who could do complex maths in his head.

N-COUNT

4. head
The head of a line of people or vehicles is the front of it, or the first person or vehicle in the line.

- ...the head of the queue...

- We took our place at the head of the convoy.

N-SING: with supp

5. head heads heading headed
If someone or something heads a line or procession, they are at the front of it.

- The parson, heading the procession, had just turned right towards the churchyard.

VB

6. head heads heading headed
If something heads a list or group, it is at the top of it.

- Running a business heads the list of ambitions among the 1,000 people interviewed by Good Housekeeping magazine.

VB

7. head
The head of something is the highest or top part of it.

- ...the head of the stairs...

- Every day a different name was placed at the head of the chart.

N-SING: usu N of n
= top

8. head heads
The head of something long and thin is the end which is wider than or a different shape from the rest, and which is often considered to be the most important part.

- There should be no exposed screw heads.

- Keep the head of the club the same height throughout the swing.

- ...a flower head.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

9. head heads
The head of a school is the teacher who is in charge of a school. (mainly BRIT)

- She is full of admiration for the head and teachers.

N-COUNT
= head teacher

10. head heads
The head of a company or organization is the person in charge of it and in charge of the people in it.

- Heads of government from more than 100 countries gather in Geneva tomorrow.

- ...the head waiter.

N-COUNT: with supp

11. head heads heading headed
If you head a department, company, or organization, you are the person in charge of it.

- ...Michael Williams, who heads the department's Office of Civil Rights.

- ...the ruling Socialist Party, headed by Dr Franz Vranitzky.

VB

12. head heads
The head of an infected spot is its white or yellow centre.
N-COUNT

13. head heads
The head on a glass of beer is the layer of small bubbles that form on the top of the beer.
N-COUNT: usu sing

14. head heads
You can use head to say how many animals of a particular type a farmer has. For example, if they have fifty head of cattle, they have fifty cows.
N-PLURAL: num N of n

15. head heads
If you have a bad head , you have a headache. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I had a terrible head and was extraordinarily drunk.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

16. head
If you toss a coin and it comes down heads , you can see the side of the coin which has a picture of a head on it.

- `We might toss up for it,' suggested Ted. `If it's heads, then we'll talk.'.

- Heads or tails?

ADV: be ADV, ADV after v
≠ tails

17. head heads heading headed
If you are heading for a particular place, you are going towards that place. In American English, you can also say that you are headed for a particular place.

- He headed for the bus stop.

- ...an Iraqi vessel heading for the port of Basra...

- It is not clear how many of them will be heading back to Saudi Arabia tomorrow.

- She and her child boarded a plane headed to where her family lived.

- He could just as well have hitched a ride on a train or a truck headed west.

VB

18. head heads heading headed
If something or someone is heading for a particular result, the situation they are in is developing in a way that makes that result very likely. In American English, you can also say that something or someone is headed for a particular result.

- The latest talks aimed at ending the civil war appear to be heading for deadlock.

- He said anyone giving orders without respecting the wishes of his people is heading for disaster.

- The centuries-old ritual seems headed for extinction.

VB

19. head heads heading headed
If a piece of writing is headed a particular title, it has that title written at the beginning of it.

- One chapter is headed, `Beating the Test'.

VB: usu passive

20. head heads heading headed
If you head a ball in soccer, you hit it with your head in order to make it go in a particular direction.

- He headed the ball across the face of the goal.

VB

21. head
You use a head or per head after stating a cost or amount in order to indicate that that cost or amount is for each person in a particular group.

- This simple chicken dish costs less than £1 a head.

- Ethiopia, for instance uses the equivalent of just twenty kilos of oil per head a year.

PHR: amount PHR
= per person

22. head
If something or someone does your head in , they make you angry or frustrated. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Living with my parents is doing my head in.

PHR: V and N inflect

23. head
From head to foot means all over your body.

- Colin had been put into a bath and been scrubbed from head to foot.

PHR: oft be V-ed PHR emphasis

24. head
If you a have a head for something, you can deal with it easily. For example, if you have a head for figures , you can do arithmetic easily, and if you have a head for heights , you can climb to a great height without feeling afraid.

- I don't have a head for business.

- ...an extraordinarily effective organiser with a remarkable head for figures.

PHR: have/with PHR, PHR n

25. head
If you get a fact or idea into your head , you suddenly realize or think that it is true and you usually do not change your opinion about it.

- Once they get an idea into their heads, they never give up.

PHR: V and N inflect

26. head
If you say that someone has got something into their head , you mean that they have finally understood or accepted it, and you are usually criticizing them because it has taken them a long time to do this.

- Managers have at last got it into their heads that they can no longer rest content with inefficient operations.

PHR: V and N inflect

27. head
If you give someone their head , you allow them to do what they want to do, without trying to advise or stop them.

- He recognised ability and gave people their heads.

PHR: V and N inflect

28. head
If alcoholic drink goes to your head , it makes you feel drunk.

- That wine was strong, it went to your head.

PHR: V and N inflect

29. head
If you say that something such as praise or success goes to someone's head , you are criticizing them because you think that it makes them too proud or confident.

- Foord is definitely not a man to let a little success go to his head.

PHR: V and N inflect disapproval

30. head
If you are head over heels or head over heels in love , you are very much in love.

- I was very attracted to men and fell head over heels many times.

PHR: v PHR, v-link PHR

31. head
If you keep your head , you remain calm in a difficult situation. If you lose your head , you panic or do not remain calm in a difficult situation.

- She was able to keep her head and not panic.

- She lost her head and started screaming at me.

PHR: V and N inflect
= keep your cool

32. head
If you knock something on the head , you stop it. (BRIT)

- When we stop enjoying ourselves we'll knock it on the head.

PHR: V inflects

33. head
Phrases such as laugh your head off and scream your head off can be used to emphasize that someone is laughing or screaming a lot or very loudly.

- He carried on telling a joke, laughing his head off.

PHR: N inflects

34. head
If you say that someone is off their head , you mean that they have taken so many drugs that they do not know what they are doing. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)
PHR: N inflects, usu v-link PHR
= out of your tree

35. head
If you say that someone is off their head , you think that their ideas or behaviour are very strange, foolish, or dangerous. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He's gone completely off his head.

PHR: N inflects, usu v-link PHR disapproval

36. head
If you stand an idea or argument on its head or turn it on its head , you think about it or treat it in a completely new and different way.

- Theirs was a nonconformist relationship which turned the standard notion of marriage on its head.

PHR: V inflects

37. head
If something such as an idea, joke, or comment goes over someone's head , it is too difficult for them to understand.

- I admit that a lot of the ideas went way over my head.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

38. head
If someone does something over another person's head , they do it without asking them or discussing it with them, especially when they should do so because the other person is in a position of authority.

- He was reprimanded for trying to go over the heads of senior officers.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

39. head
If you say that something unpleasant or embarrassing rears its ugly head or raises its ugly head , you mean that it occurs, often after not occurring for some time.

- There was a problem which reared its ugly head about a week after she moved back in.

- The scourge of racial tyranny should never again be allowed to raise its ugly head.

PHR: V inflects

40. head
If you stand on your head , you balance upside down with the top of your head and your hands on the ground.
PHR: V and N inflect

41. head
If you say that you cannot make head nor tail of something or you cannot make head or tail of it, you are emphasizing that you cannot understand it at all. (INFORMAL)

- I couldn't make head nor tail of the damn film.

PHR: usu with brd-neg, V inflects, PHR n

42. head
If somebody takes it into their head to do something, especially something strange or foolish, they suddenly decide to do it.

- He suddenly took it into his head to go out to Australia to stay with his son.

PHR: V and N inflect, usu PHR to-inf

43. head
If a problem or disagreement comes to a head or is brought to a head , it becomes so bad that something must be done about it.

- These problems came to a head in September when five of the station's journalists were sacked.

PHR: V inflects

44. head
If you bang peoples' heads together or knock their heads together , you tell them off severely for doing something wrong or for not doing something they were asked to do. (mainly BRIT)

- It is now high time he banged his colleagues' heads together.

PHR: V inflects

45. head
If two or more people put their heads together , they talk about a problem they have and try to solve it.

- So everyone put their heads together and eventually an amicable arrangement was reached.

PHR: V inflects

46. head
If you keep your head above water , you just avoid getting into difficulties; used especially to talk about business.

- We are keeping our head above water, but our cash flow position is not too good.

PHR: V inflects

47. head
If you say that heads will roll as a result of something bad that has happened, you mean that people will be punished for it, especially by losing their jobs.

- The group's problems have led to speculation that heads will roll.

PHR: V inflects

heading *

heading headings
A heading is the title of a piece of writing, which is written or printed at the top of the page.

- ...helpful chapter headings.

N-COUNT
See also head .

head

noun

1.

skull

crown

loaf slang

nut slang

pate

2.

leader

boss informal

captain

chief

commander

director

manager

master

principal

supervisor

3.

top

crest

crown

peak

pinnacle

summit

tip

4.

brain

brains informal

intellect

intelligence

mind

thought

understanding

go to one's head

5.

excite

intoxicate

make conceited

puff up

head over heels

6.

uncontrollably

completely

intensely

thoroughly

utterly

wholeheartedly

adjective

7.

chief

arch

first

leading

main

pre-eminent

premier

prime

principal

supreme

verb

8.

lead

be or go first

cap

crown

lead the way

precede

top

9.

control

be in charge of

command

direct

govern

guide

lead

manage

run

10.

make for

aim

go to

make a beeline for

point

set off for

set out

start towards

steer

turn

heading

noun

title

caption

headline

name

rubric

head off *****

1. head off heads off; heading off; headed off
If you head off a person, animal, or vehicle, you move to a place in front of them in order to capture them or make them change the direction they are moving in.

- He changed direction swiftly, turned into the hallway and headed her off.

PHR-V
= intercept

2. head off heads off; heading off; headed off
If you head something off , especially something unpleasant, you take action before it is expected to happen in order to prevent it from happening.

- He would ask Congress to intervene and head off a strike.

- You have to be good at spotting trouble on the way and heading it off.

PHR-V

head up

head up heads up; heading up; headed up
The person who heads up a group, organization, or activity is the leader of it.

- Judge Frederick Lacey headed up the investigation.

- We asked ourselves what we wanted from our management structure and who we wanted to head it up.

PHR-V

headache

[D.J.:ˈhedeik]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌek]

n.

头痛

令人头痛的事

headache **

1. headache headaches
If you have a headache , you have a pain in your head.

- I have had a terrible headache for the last two days.

N-COUNT

2. headache headaches
If you say that something is a headache , you mean that it causes you difficulty or worry.

- The airline's biggest headache is the increase in the price of aviation fuel.

- This is a real headache for us.

N-COUNT
= problem

headache

noun

1.

migraine

head informal

neuralgia

2.

problem

bane

bother

inconvenience

nuisance

trouble

vexation

worry

headband

[D.J.:ˈhedˌbænd]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌbænd]

n.

(扎在额头上的)束发带,扎头带

headband

headband headbands
A headband is a narrow strip of material which you can wear around your head across your forehead, for example to keep hair or sweat out of your eyes.
N-COUNT also head band .

headboard

[D.J.:ˈhedbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

床头板

headboard

headboard headboards
A headboard is an upright board at the end of a bed where you lay your head.
N-COUNT

head boy

head boy head boys
The head boy of a school is the boy who is the leader of the prefects and who often represents the school on public occasions. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

head-butt

n.

用头撞人

head-butt

1. head-butt head-butts head-butting head-butted
If someone head-butts you, they hit you with the top of their head.

- He was said to have head-butted one policeman and stamped on another's hand.

VB also headbutt .

2. head-butt head-butts
Also a noun.

- The cuts on Colin's head could only have been made by head-butts.

N-COUNT also headbutt .

head count

head count head counts
If you do a head count , you count the number of people present. You can also use head count to talk about the number of people that are present at an event, or that an organization employs.
N-COUNT

headdress

[D.J.:ˈheddres]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌdrɛs]

adj.

饰头巾,头发编梳的式样

headdress

headdress headdresses
A headdress is something that is worn on a person's head for decoration.
N-COUNT also head-dress .

header

[D.J.:ˈhedə]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdɚ]

n.

头部向下的一跳或跌落

header *

header headers
In soccer, a header is the act of hitting the ball in a particular direction with your head.
N-COUNT

head-first

[D.J.:ˈhedˈfɜ:st]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˈfɚst]

adj.,adv.

头先向前的(地)

head-first

head-first
If you move head-first in a particular direction, your head is the part of your body that is furthest forward as you are moving.

- He had apparently fallen head-first down the stairwell.

- My mate dived headfirst through a window and I ran down the hallway.

ADV: ADV after v also headfirst .

headgear

[D.J.:ˈhedɡiə]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌɡɪr]

n.

头饰,帽子

headgear

headgear
You use headgear to refer to hats or other things worn on the head.
N-UNCOUNT also head gear .

head girl

head girl head girls
The head girl of a school is the girl who is the leader of the prefects and who often represents the school on public occasions. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

headhunt

[D.J.:ˈhedhʌnt]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌhʌnt]

n.

野蛮人猎取人头的出征

v.

出外猎取人头

headhunt

headhunt headhunts headhunting headhunted
If someone who works for a particular company is headhunted , they leave that company because another company has approached them and offered them another job with better pay and higher status.

- He was headhunted by Barkers last October to build an advertising team.

- They may headhunt her for the vacant position of Executive Producer.

VB

headhunter

[ˈhedhʌntə]

n.

猎取人头的蛮人

headhunter

headhunter headhunters
A headhunter is a person who tries to persuade someone to leave their job and take another job which has better pay and more status.
N-COUNT also head-hunter .

headlamp

[D.J.:ˈhedlæmp]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌlæmp]

n.

(矿工)头上戴的小型照明灯

headlamp

headlamp headlamps
A headlamp is the same as a headlight. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

headland

[D.J.:ˈhedlənd]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdlənd, -ˌlænd]

n.

向水中突出的陆地,畦头未耕的一条地,岬

headland

headland headlands
A headland is a narrow piece of land which sticks out from the coast into the sea.
N-COUNT

headless

[D.J.:ˈhedlis]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdlɪs]

adj.

无头的,无领导者的,无头脑的,无知的

headless

headless
If the body of a person or animal is headless , the head has been cut off.
ADJ

headlight

[D.J.:ˈhedˌlaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌlaɪt]

n.

(汽车等)的前灯

headlight *

headlight headlights
A vehicle's headlights are the large powerful lights at the front.
N-COUNT

headline

[D.J.:ˈhedlain]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌlaɪn]

n.

大字标题

新闻提要

headline ***

1. headline headlines
A headline is the title of a newspaper story, printed in large letters at the top of the story, especially on the front page.

- The Sydney Morning Herald carried the headline: `Sorry Ma'am, Most Australians Want a Republic'.

- I'm sick of reading headlines involving the Kennedys in sex scandals.

N-COUNT

2. headline headlines
The headlines are the main points of the news which are read on radio or television.

- I'm Claudia Polley with the news headlines.

N-PLURAL

3. headline headlines headlining headlined
If a newspaper or magazine article is headlined a particular thing, that is the headline that introduces it.

- The article was headlined `Tell us the truth'.

VB: usu passive

4. headline headlines headlining headlined
If someone headlines a show, they are the main performer in it.

- Sir Cliff Richard headlined the event.

VB

5. headline
Someone or something that hits the headlines or grabs the headlines gets a lot of publicity from the media.

- El Salvador first hit the world headlines at the beginning of the 1980s.

- In sport, it's usually men who grab the headlines.

PHR: V inflects

headliner

[D.J.:ˈhedˌlainə]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌlaɪnɚ]

n.

(报纸)写标题的记者

headliner

headliner headliners
A headliner is the main performer or group of performers in a show.

- We have introduced singers like Madeline Bell as headliners and I think the club is beginning to take off.

N-COUNT

headlong

[D.J.:ˈhedˈlɔ:ŋ, -ˈlɔŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˈlɔŋ, -ˈlɑŋ]

adv. & adj.

轻率地(的), 仓促地(的)

迅猛而失控地(的)

headlong *

1. headlong
If you move headlong in a particular direction, you move there very quickly.

- He ran headlong for the open door.

ADV: ADV after v

2. headlong
Also an adjective.

- The army was in headlong flight.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. headlong
If you fall or move headlong , you fall or move with your head furthest forward.

- She missed her footing and fell headlong down the stairs.

ADV: ADV after v
= head first

4. headlong
If you rush headlong into something, you do it quickly without thinking carefully about it.

- Do not leap headlong into decisions.

- The country, they say, will inevitably now plunge headlong into decadence.

ADV: ADV after v

5. headlong
Also an adjective.

- ...the headlong rush to independence.

ADJ: ADJ n

headlong

adjective

1.

headfirst

head-on

adverb

2.

hastily

heedlessly

helter-skelter

hurriedly

pell-mell

precipitately

rashly

thoughtlessly

adjective

3.

hasty

breakneck

dangerous

impetuous

impulsive

inconsiderate

precipitate

reckless

thoughtless

headman

[D.J.:ˈhedmən, -ˌmæn]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdmən, -ˌmæn]

n.

酋长, 头领

headman

headman headmen
A headman is the chief or leader of a tribe in a village.
N-COUNT

headmaster

[D.J.:ˈhedˈmɑ:stə]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌmæstɚ]

n.

私立学校的男校长

headmaster *

headmaster headmasters
A headmaster is a man who is the head teacher of a school. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

headmistress

[D.J.:ˈhedˌmɪstrɪs]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌmɪstrɪs]

n.

私立学校的女校长

headmistress *

headmistress headmistresses
A headmistress is a woman who is the head teacher of a school. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

head of state **

head of state heads of state
A head of state is the leader of a country, for example a president, king, or queen.
N-COUNT

head-on

[D.J.:ˈhedˌɔn, -ˌɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌɑn, -ˌɔn]

adj.

正面的

head-on **

1. head-on
If two vehicles hit each other head-on , they hit each other with their fronts pointing towards each other.

- Pulling out to overtake, the car collided head-on with a van.

ADV: ADV after v

2. head-on
Also an adjective.

- Their car was in a head-on smash with an articulated lorry.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. head-on
A head-on conflict or approach is direct, without any attempt to compromise or avoid the issue.

- The only victors in a head-on clash between the president and the assembly would be the hardliners on both sides.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. head-on
Also an adverb.

- Once again, I chose to confront the issue head-on.

ADV: ADV after v

headphones

[ˈhedfəunz]

n.

头戴式耳机

headphones *

headphones
Headphones are a pair of padded speakers which you wear over your ears in order to listen to a radio, record player, or tape recorder without other people hearing it.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

headquartered

headquartered
If an organization is headquartered in a particular place, that is where its main offices are.

- The company is headquartered in Chicago.

V-PASSIVE

headquarters

[D.J.:ˈhedˈkwɔ:təz]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌkwɔrtəz]

n.

(机构, 企业等的)总部, 总店

司令部, 指挥部

headquarters ***

headquarters
The headquarters of an organization are its main offices.

- ...fraud squad officers from London's police headquarters...

- The building is the headquarters of the family firm.

N-SING-COLL
= HQ

headrest

[D.J.:ˈhedrest]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌrɛst]

n.

靠头之物

headrest

headrest headrests
A headrest is the part of the back of a seat on which you can lean your head, especially one on the front seat of a car.
N-COUNT

headroom

[D.J.:ˈhedru:m]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌrum, -ˌrʊm]

n.

净空,头上空间,(拱梁等下面的)净空高度

headroom

headroom
Headroom is the amount of space below a roof or bridge.

- The forecabin, with 6ft headroom, also has plenty of room to stand and get dressed.

N-UNCOUNT

headscarf

[D.J.:ˈhedˌskɑ:f]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌskɑrf]

n.

女人的头巾

headscarf

1. headscarf headscarves
A headscarf is a head covering which Muslim women wear.
N-COUNT also head scarf .

2. headscarf headscarves
A headscarf is a small square scarf which some women wear round their heads, for example to keep it tidy. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also head scarf .

headset

[D.J.:ˈhedset]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌsɛt]

n.

戴在头上的耳机或听筒

headset

1. headset headsets
A headset is a small pair of headphones that you can use for listening to a radio or recorded music, or for using a telephone.
N-COUNT

2. headset headsets
A headset is a piece of equipment that you wear on your head so you can see computer images or images from a camera in front of your eyes.

- Soon the wearer of a virtual reality headset will be able to be `present' at sporting or theatrical events staged thousands of miles away.

N-COUNT

headship

[D.J.:ˈhedʃip]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌʃɪp]

n.

领导者或主管人的地位,职务,能力

headship

headship headships
A headship is the position of being the head of a school, college, or department.

- I feel sure you'll be offered the headship.

N-COUNT

head start *

head start head starts
If you have a head start on other people, you have an advantage over them in something such as a competition or race.

- Hungarian businessmen have had a head start over most of their Eastern European neighbors.

- A good education gives your child a head start in life.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N on/over n also head-start .

headstone

[D.J.:ˈhedˌstəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌston]

n.

墓碑

headstone

headstone headstones
A headstone is a large stone which stands at one end of a grave, usually with the name of the dead person carved on it.
N-COUNT
= grave stone

headstrong

[D.J.:ˈhedˌstrɔ:ŋ, -ˌstrɔŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌstrɔŋ, -ˌstrɑŋ]

adj.

任性的,刚愎自用的

headstrong

headstrong
If you refer to someone as headstrong , you are slightly critical of the fact that they are determined to do what they want.

- He's young, very headstrong, but he's a good man underneath.

ADJ-GRADED
= stubborn wilful

headstrong

adjective

obstinate

foolhardy

heedless

impulsive

perverse

pig-headed

self-willed

stubborn

unruly

wilful

head teacher *

head teacher head teachers
A head teacher is a teacher who is in charge of a school. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also headteacher .
= head

head-to-head

[D.J.:ˈhedtəˈhed]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdtəˈhɛd]

n.

肉搏战,白刃战

head-to-head

1. head-to-head
A head-to-head contest or competition is one in which two people or groups compete directly against each other.

- He won a head-to-head battle with NF leader Jean-Marie Le Pen.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. head-to-head
Also an adverb.

- Canadian business cannot compete head-to-head with American business.

ADV: v ADV

3. head-to-head head-to-heads
A head-to-head is a head-to-head contest or competition.

- ...a head-to-head between the champion and the aspiring champion.

N-COUNT: usu sing

headway

[D.J.:ˈhedˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌwe]

n.

(船等的)前进

进展,进步,成功

<美>(前后两班车,船,飞机的)间隔时间;间隔距离

headway *

headway
If you make headway , you progress towards achieving something.

- He is not disappointed at the failure to make headway towards resolving their differences.

- There was concern in the city that police were making little headway in the investigation.

PHR: oft with brd-neg, V inflects
= progress

headway

noun

progress

advance

improvement

progression

way

headwind

[D.J.:ˈhedˌwɪnd]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌwɪnd]

n.

顶头风;逆风

headwind

headwind headwinds
A headwind is a wind which blows in the opposite direction to the one in which you are moving.
N-COUNT also head-wind .

headword

[D.J.:ˈhedwə:d]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdˌwɚd]

n.

标题字,中心词

headword

headword headwords
In a dictionary, a headword is a word which is followed by an explanation of its meaning.
N-COUNT

headily

[ˈhedili]

adv.

性急地,任性地

headiness

[ˈhedinis]

n.

顽固,性急,任性

heady

[D.J.:ˈhedi:]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdi]

adj.

易使人醉〔发晕〕的;令人陶醉的

headily

adv.

陶醉地;兴奋地

headiness

n.

陶醉;兴奋

heady *

heady headier headiest
A heady drink, atmosphere, or experience strongly affects your senses, for example by making you feel drunk or excited.

- ...in the heady days just after their marriage...

- I felt heady and euphoric.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

heady

adjective

1.

inebriating

intoxicating

potent

strong

2.

exciting

exhilarating

intoxicating

stimulating

thrilling

heal

[D.J.:hi:l]

[K.K.:hil]

vt. & vi.

(使)愈合, 治愈, (使)恢复健康

vt.

调停, 消除

healing

[ˈhi:liŋ]

n.

康复,复原

adj.

有治疗功用的

heal ***

1. heal heals healing healed
When a broken bone or other injury heals , it becomes healthy and normal again.

- Within six weeks the bruising had gone, but it was six months before it all healed.

- If they'd operated and pinned her arm at once, she might have healed by now.

- No doctor has ever healed a broken bone: he or she sets them.

- Therapies like acupuncture do work and many people have been healed by them.

V-ERG

2. heal heals healing healed
When someone's emotional pain heals , they feel normal and happy again.

- A year later, she had healed to the point of at least being able to consider a romantic relationship with another man.

- Only by fully experiencing the depth of our pain can we be healed from it and be done with it.

V-ERG

3. heal heals healing healed
If you heal something such as a rift or a wound, or if it heals , the situation is put right so that people are friendly or happy again.

- Today Sophie and her sister have healed the family rift and visit their family every weekend.

- The psychological effects on the United States were immense and in Washington the wounds have still not fully healed.

V-ERG

heal

verb

cure

make well

mend

regenerate

remedy

restore

treat

heal up ***

heal up heals up; healing up; healed up
When an injury heals up , it becomes completely healthy again.

- Before too long my lung abscess healed up.

PHR-V

healer

[D.J.:ˈhi:lə]

[K.K.:ˈhilɚ]

n.

医治者

healer *

healer healers
A healer is a person who heals people, especially a person who heals through prayer and religious faith.
N-COUNT

health

[D.J.:helθ]

[K.K.:hɛlθ]

n.

健康(状况)

健康, 卫生

health *****

1. health
A person's health is the condition of their body and the extent to which it is free from illness or is able to resist illness.

- Tea contains caffeine. It's bad for your health.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

2. health
Health is a state in which a person is not suffering from any illness and is feeling well.

- In hospital they nursed me back to health.

N-UNCOUNT

3. health
When you drink to someone's health or drink their health , you have a drink as a sign of wishing them health and happiness.

- In the village pub, regulars drank the health of John and his father.

PHR: V inflects

4. health
The health of something such as an organization or a system is its success and the fact that it is working well.

- There's no way to predict the future health of the banking industry.

N-UNCOUNT
= prosperity

health

noun

1.

wellbeing

fitness

good condition

healthiness

robustness

soundness

strength

vigour

2.

condition

constitution

fettle

shape

state

health care worker

health care worker health care workers
A health care worker is someone who works in a hospital or health centre.
N-COUNT

health centre

health centre health centres
A health centre is a building in which a group of doctors have offices or surgeries where their patients can visit them.
N-COUNT (AM) health center
= surgery

health club

health club health clubs
A health club is a private club that people go to in order to do exercise and have beauty treatments.
N-COUNT

health farm

health farm health farms
A health farm is a hotel where people go to get fitter or lose weight by exercising and eating special food. (mainly BRIT; in AM use spa )
N-COUNT

health food *

health food health foods
Health foods are natural foods without artificial ingredients which people buy because they consider them to be good for them.
N-MASS: oft N n
= whole food

healthful

[D.J.:ˈhelθful]

[K.K.:ˈhɛlθfəl]

adj.

有益于健康的

healthful

healthful
Something that is healthful is good for your health.

- Does the college cafeteria provide a healthful diet?.

- Chinese cooking is both low in calories and healthful.

ADJ-GRADED
= healthy

health visitor

health visitor health visitors
In Britain, a health visitor is a nurse whose job is to visit people in their homes and offer advice on matters such as how to look after very young babies or people with physical disabilities.
N-COUNT

healthily

adv.

健康地

healthy

[D.J.:ˈhelθi]

[K.K.:ˈhɛlθi]

adj.

健康的, 健壮的

有益于健康的

兴旺发达的, 发展良好的

healthy ***

1. healthy healthier healthiest
Someone who is healthy is well and is not suffering from any illness.

- Most of us need to lead more balanced lives to be healthy and happy.

- She had a normal pregnancy and delivered a healthy child.

ADJ-GRADED

2. healthily

- What I really want is to live healthily for as long as possible.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v

3. healthy healthier healthiest
If a feature or quality that you have is healthy , it makes you look well or shows that you are well.

- ...the glow of healthy skin.

- ...young adults with healthy appetites.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. healthy healthier healthiest
Something that is healthy is good for your health.

- ...a great healthy outdoor pursuit.

- ...a healthy diet.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. healthy healthier healthiest
A healthy organization or system is successful.

- ...an economically healthy socialist state.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

6. healthy healthier healthiest
A healthy amount of something is a large amount that shows success.

- He predicts a continuation of healthy profits in the current financial year.

- ...a healthy bank account.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= substantial

7. healthy healthier healthiest
If you have a healthy attitude about something, you show good sense.

- She has a refreshingly healthy attitude to work.

- It's very healthy to be afraid when there's something to be afraid of.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

8. healthily

- I had never seen bombing on such a scale, and I was healthily apprehensive.

ADV: ADV adj

healthy

adjective

1.

well

active

fit

hale and hearty

in fine fettle

in good shape informal

in the pink

robust

strong

2.

wholesome

beneficial

hygienic

invigorating

nourishing

nutritious

salubrious

salutary

heap

[D.J.:hi:p]

[K.K.:hip]

n.

(一)堆

大量, 许多

vt. & vi.

堆积, 堆满

heaped

[D.J.:hi:pt]

[K.K.:hipt]

adj.

盛满的,满满的

heaping

[ˈhi:piŋ]

adj.

堆得很高的,放得太多的

heaps

[hi:ps]

adv.

很,非常地

heap **

1. heap heaps
A heap of things is a pile of them, especially a pile arranged in a rather untidy way.

- ...a heap of bricks.

- ...a compost heap...

- He has dug up the tiles that cover the floor and left them in a heap.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= mound

2. heap heaps heaping heaped
If you heap things in a pile, you arrange them in a large pile.

- Mrs. Madrigal heaped more carrots onto Michael's plate.

VB

3. heap up; heaps up; heaping up; heaped up
Heap up means the same as heap .

- Off to one side, the militia was heaping up wood for a bonfire.

PHR-V

4. heap heaps heaping heaped
If you heap praise or criticism on someone or something, you give them a lot of praise or criticism.

- The head of the navy heaped scorn on both the methods and motives of the conspirators.

VB

5. heap
Heaps of something or a heap of something is a large quantity of it. (INFORMAL)

- You have heaps of time.

- ...a job that might suit someone with heaps of experience...

- I got in a heap of trouble.

QUANT: QUANT of n-uncount/pl-n
= loads

6. heap
Someone who is at the bottom of the heap or at the top of the heap is low down or high up in society or an organization.

- ...those at the top of the social heap...

- Ordinary workers in state industry, once favoured, suddenly found themselves at the bottom of the heap.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, PHR after v

7. heap
If someone collapses in a heap , they fall heavily and untidily and do not move.

- The young footballer collapsed in a heap after a heavy tackle.

PHR: v PHR, v-link PHR

heaped *

1. heaped
A heaped spoonful has the contents of the spoon piled up above the edge.

- Add one heaped tablespoon of salt.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. heaped
A container or a surface that is heaped with things has a lot of them in it or on it in a pile, often so many that it cannot hold any more.

- The large desk was heaped with papers.

- ...ashtrays heaped with cigarette butts.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with n

heap

noun

1.

pile

accumulation

collection

hoard

lot

mass

mound

stack

often plural 2.

a lot

great deal

load(s) informal

lots informal

mass

plenty

pot(s) informal

stack(s)

tons

verb

3.

pile

accumulate

amass

collect

gather

hoard

stack

4.

confer

assign

bestow

load

shower upon

hear

[D.J.:hiə]

[K.K.:hɪr]

vt. & vi.

听到, 听见

vt.

听说, 得知

听取; 审理

heard

[hə:d]

hear的过去式和过去分词

hearing

[D.J.:ˈhiəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhɪrɪŋ]

n.

听力, 听觉

听力所及的距离

听证会, 申辩或发言的机会

hear *****

1. hear hears hearing heard
When you hear a sound, you become aware of it through your ears.

- She heard no further sounds.

- The trumpet can be heard all over their house.

- They heard the protesters shout: `No more fascism!'.

- And then we heard the bells ringing out.

- I'm not hearing properly.

VB

2. hear hears hearing heard
If you hear something such as a lecture or a piece of music, you listen to it.

- You can hear commentary on the match in about half an hour's time.

- I don't think you've ever heard Doris talking about her emotional life before.

- ...if she can hear it played by a professional orchestra.

VB
= listen to

3. hear hears heard
If you say that you can hear someone saying something, you mean that you are able to imagine hearing it.

- Can't you just hear John Motson now?.

- `I was hot,' I could still hear Charlotte say with her delicious French accent.

VB: no cont

4. hear hears hearing heard
When a judge or a court of law hears a case, or evidence in a case, they listen to it officially in order to make a decision about it. (FORMAL)

- The jury have heard evidence from defence witnesses.

- He had to wait months before his case was heard.

VB

5. hear hears hearing heard
If you hear from someone, you receive a letter or telephone call from them.

- Drop us a line, it's always great to hear from you.

- The police are anxious to hear from anyone who may know her.

VB

6. hear hears hearing heard
In a debate or discussion, if you hear from someone, you listen to them giving their opinion or information.

- What are you hearing from people there?

VB

7. hear hears hearing heard
If you hear some news or information about something, you find out about it by someone telling you, or from the radio or television.

- My mother heard of this school through Leslie.

- ...the rumours I've been hearing about for years...

- He had heard that the trophy had been sold.

- I had waited to hear the result.

- Have you heard anything of the other Englishman?

VB

8. hear hears heard
If you have heard of something or someone, you know about them, but not in great detail.

- Many people haven't heard of reflexology.

- ...people who, maybe, had hardly heard the word till a year or two ago.

VB: no cont

9. hear
If you say that you have heard something before , you mean that you are not interested in it, or do not believe it, or are not surprised about it, because you already know about it or have experienced it.

- Furness shrugs wearily. He has heard it all before.

- `How many times have I heard that before?' Merchant complained angrily.

PHR: V inflects

10. hear
If you say ` Do you hear? ' or ` Did you hear me? ' to someone, you are telling them in an angry or forceful way to pay attention to what you are saying.

- If you don't get out I'll call the police. Do you hear?.

- Leave her alone! Do you hear me?

CONVENTION feelings

11. hear
During political debates and public meetings, people sometimes say ` Hear hear! ' to express their agreement with what the speaker is saying. (BRIT, FORMAL)
CONVENTION formulae

12. hear
If you say that you can't hear yourself think , you are complaining and emphasizing that there is a lot of noise, and that it is disturbing you or preventing you from doing something. (INFORMAL)

- For God's sake shut up. I can't hear myself think!.

- If you're sitting in the front yard, you can't hear yourself think because the traffic is getting very, very bad.

PHR: usu with brd-neg emphasis

13. hear
If you say that you won't hear of someone doing something, you mean that you refuse to let them do it.

- I've always wanted to be an actor but Dad wouldn't hear of it.

- He even thought about moving from the village. But his friends wouldn't hear of it.

PHR: PHR n

hearing ***

1. hearing
A person's or animal's hearing is the sense which makes it possible for them to be aware of sounds.

- His mind still seemed clear and his hearing was excellent.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N

2. hearing hearings
A hearing is an official meeting which is held in order to collect facts about an incident or problem.

- After more than two hours of pandemonium, the judge adjourned the hearing until next Tuesday.

N-COUNT

3. hearing
If someone gives you a fair hearing or a hearing , they listen to you when you give your opinion about something.

- Weber gave a fair hearing to anyone who held a different opinion.

PHR: usu PHR after v

4. hearing
If someone says something in your hearing or within your hearing , you can hear what they say because they are with you or near you.

- No one spoke disparagingly of her father in her hearing.

PHR: usu PHR after v

hear

verb

1.

listen to

catch

overhear

2.

learn

ascertain

discover

find out

gather

get wind of informal

pick up

3.

try

examine

investigate

judge

hearing

noun Law

inquiry

industrial tribunal

investigation

review

trial

hear out *****

hear out hears out; hearing out; heard out
If you hear someone out , you listen to them without interrupting them until they have finished saying everything that they want to say.

- MPs heard him out in silence.

- Perhaps, when you've heard me out, you'll appreciate the reason for secrecy.

- He shows keen interest in his friends, hearing out their problems and offering counsel.

PHR-V

hearer

[ˈhiərə]

n.

听者,听众

hearer

hearer hearers
Your hearers are the people who are listening to you speak. (FORMAL)

- He knew that his hearers wanted to hear this story.

- Communication of whatever sort involves not just a speaker but a hearer too.

N-COUNT
= listener ≠ speaker

hearing aid

hearing aid hearing aids
A hearing aid is a device which people with hearing difficulties wear in their ear to enable them to hear better.
N-COUNT
= deaf aid

hearsay

[D.J.:ˈhɪəˌseɪ]

[K.K.:ˈhɪrˌse]

n.

传闻,道听途说

hearsay

hearsay
Hearsay is information which you have been told and do not know to be true.

- Much of what was reported to them was hearsay.

- Rumour, myth and hearsay obscure the truth after months of bloodshed.

N-UNCOUNT
= rumour ≠ fact

hearsay

noun

rumour

gossip

idle talk

report

talk

tittle-tattle

word of mouth

hearse

[D.J.:hə:s]

[K.K.:hɚs]

n.

柩车,灵车

hearse

hearse hearses
A hearse is a large car that carries the coffin at a funeral.
N-COUNT

heart

[D.J.:hɑ:t]

[K.K.:hɑrt]

n.

心, 心脏

内心, 心肠; 爱心

感情, 爱好, 爱情

勇气, 精神

中心, 要点

heart ****

1. heart hearts
Your heart is the organ in your chest that pumps the blood around your body. People also use heart to refer to the area of their chest that is closest to their heart.

- The bullet had passed less than an inch from Andrea's heart.

- The only sound inside was the beating of his heart.

- He gave a sudden cry of pain and put his hand to his heart.

N-COUNT

2. heart hearts
You can refer to someone's heart when you are talking about their deep feelings and beliefs. (LITERARY)

- Alik's words filled her heart with pride.

- I just couldn't bring myself to admit what I knew in my heart to be true.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

3. heart hearts
You use the word heart when you are talking about someone's character and attitude towards other people, especially when they are kind and generous.

- She loved his brilliance and his generous heart.

- She's got a good heart but she's calculating.

N-VAR: usu adj N in sing approval

4. heart
If you refer to things of the heart , you mean love and relationships.

- This is an excellent time for affairs of the heart.

N-SING: the N

5. heart
The heart of something is the most central and important part of it.

- The heart of the problem is supply and demand.

- Money lies at the heart of the debate over airline safety.

N-SING: N of n
= crux

6. heart
The heart of a place is its centre.

- ...a busy dentists' practice in the heart of London's West End.

N-SING: usu N of n

7. heart hearts
The heart of a lettuce, cabbage, or other vegetable is its centre leaves.
N-COUNT: with supp

8. heart hearts
A heart is a shape that is used as a symbol of love: ♥.

- ...heart-shaped chocolates.

N-COUNT

9. heart
Hearts is one of the four suits in a pack of playing cards. Each card in the suit is marked with one or more symbols in the shape of a heart.
N-UNCOUNT-COLL

10. heart hearts
A heart is one of the thirteen playing cards in the suit of hearts.
N-COUNT

11. heart
If you feel or believe something with all your heart , you feel or believe it very strongly.

- My own family I loved with all my heart.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR with cl emphasis

12. heart
If you say that someone is a particular kind of person at heart , you mean that that is what they are really like, even though they may seem very different.

- He was a very gentle boy at heart.

PHR: PHR with cl

13. heart
If you say that someone has your interests or your welfare at heart , you mean that they are concerned about you and that is why they are doing something.

- She told him she only had his interests at heart.

PHR: usu have n PHR

14. heart
If someone breaks your heart , they make you very sad and unhappy, usually because they end a love affair or close relationship with you. (LITERARY)
PHR: V and N inflect

15. heart
If something breaks your heart , it makes you feel very sad and depressed, especially because people are suffering but you can do nothing to help them.

- It really breaks my heart to see them this way.

PHR: V and N inflect, oft PHR to-inf

16. heart
If you say that someone has a broken heart , you mean that they are very sad, for example because a love affair has ended unhappily. (LITERARY)

- She never recovered from her broken heart.

PHR: N inflects

17. heart
If you know something such as a poem by heart , you have learned it so well that you can remember it without having to read it.

- Mack knew this passage by heart.

PHR: PHR after v

18. heart
If someone has a change of heart , their attitude towards something changes.

- Several brokers have had a change of heart about prospects for the company.

- Why the change of heart?

PHR: change inflects

19. heart
If something such as a subject or project is close to your heart or near to your heart , it is very important to you and you are very interested in it and concerned about it.

- This is a subject very close to my heart.

PHR: N inflects, oft v-link PHR

20. heart
If you can do something to your heart's content , you can do it as much as you want.

- I was delighted to be able to eat my favorite dishes to my heart's content.

PHR: PHR after v

21. heart
You can say ` cross my heart ' when you want someone to believe that you are telling the truth. You can also ask ` cross your heart? ', when you are asking someone if they are really telling the truth. (SPOKEN)

- And I won't tell any of the other girls anything you tell me about it. I promise, cross my heart.

CONVENTION

22. heart
If you say something from the heart or from the bottom of your heart , you sincerely mean what you say.

- He spoke with confidence, from the heart.

- I don't want to go away without thanking you from the bottom of my heart.

PHR: PHR after v
= sincerely

23. heart
If something gives you heart , it makes you feel more confident or happy about something.

- It gave me heart to see one thug get what he deserves.

PHR: V inflects

24. heart
If you want to do something but do not have the heart to do it, you do not do it because you know it will make someone unhappy or disappointed.

- We knew all along but didn't have the heart to tell her.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to-inf

25. heart
If you believe or know something in your heart of hearts , that is what you really believe or think, even though it may sometimes seem that you do not.

- I know in my heart of hearts that I am the right man for that mission.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR with cl

26. heart
If your heart isn't in the thing you are doing, you have very little enthusiasm for it, usually because you are depressed or are thinking about something else.

- I tried to learn some lines but my heart wasn't really in it.

PHR: V and N inflect, PHR n/-ing

27. heart
If you lose heart , you become sad and depressed and are no longer interested in something, especially because it is not progressing as you would like.

- He appealed to his countrymen not to lose heart.

PHR: V inflects

28. heart
If you lose your heart to someone, you fall in love with them. (LITERARY)
PHR: V and N inflect, oft PHR to n

29. heart
If your heart is in your mouth , you feel very excited, worried, or frightened.

- My heart was in my mouth when I walked into her office.

PHR: V and Ns inflect

30. heart
If you open your heart or pour out your heart to someone, you tell them your most private thoughts and feelings.

- She opened her heart to millions yesterday and told how she came close to suicide.

PHR: V and N inflect, usu PHR to n

31. heart
If you say that someone's heart is in the right place , you mean that they are kind, considerate, and generous, although you may disapprove of other aspects of their character.

- He is a bit of a tearaway but his heart is in the right place.

PHR: heart and V inflect

32. heart
If you have set your heart on something, you want it very much or want to do it very much.

- He had always set his heart on a career in the fine arts.

PHR: V and N inflect, PHR n/-ing

33. heart
If you wear your heart on your sleeve , you openly show your feelings or emotions rather than keeping them hidden.
PHR: V and N inflect

34. heart
If you put your heart and soul into something, you do it with a great deal of enthusiasm and energy.

- He will always be successful when he puts his mind to something, because he puts his heart and soul into it.

PHR emphasis

35. heart
If you take heart from something, you are encouraged and made to feel optimistic by it.
PHR: V inflects, oft PHR from n

36. heart
If you take something to heart , for example someone's behaviour, you are deeply affected and upset by it.

- If someone says something critical I take it to heart.

PHR: V inflects

heart

noun

1.

nature

character

disposition

soul

temperament

2.

bravery

courage

fortitude

pluck

purpose

resolution

spirit

will

3.

centre

core

hub

middle

nucleus

quintessence

by heart

4.

by memory

by rote

off pat

parrot-fashion informal

pat

word for word

heartache

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:teik]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrtˌek]

n.

伤心; 悲痛

heartache *

heartache heartaches
Heartache is very great sadness and emotional suffering.

- ...after suffering the heartache of her divorce from her first husband.

- ...all the joys and heartaches of parenthood.

N-VAR also heart-ache .

heartache

noun

sorrow

agony

anguish

despair

distress

grief

heartbreak

pain

remorse

suffering

torment

torture

heart attack **

1. heart attack heart attacks
If someone has a heart attack , their heart begins to beat very irregularly or stops completely.

- He died of a heart attack brought on by overwork.

N-COUNT

2. heart attack
If you say that someone will have a heart attack about something, you are emphasizing that they will be very shocked or angry. (INFORMAL)

- She'll have a heart attack if I tell her.

N-SING: a N emphasis

heartbeat

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:tbi:t]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrtˌbit]

n.

心跳；中心

heartbeat *

1. heartbeat
Your heartbeat is the regular movement of your heart as it pumps blood around your body.

- Your baby's heartbeat will be monitored continuously.

N-SING: oft poss N

2. heartbeat heartbeats
A heartbeat is one of the movements of your heart.

- Smoking could lead to irregular heartbeats.

N-COUNT

heartbreak

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:tˌbreɪk]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrtˌbrek]

n.

心碎;断肠

heartbreak *

heartbreak heartbreaks
Heartbreak is very great sadness and emotional suffering, especially after the end of a love affair or close relationship.

- ...suffering and heartbreak for those close to the victims...

- Recent events had obviously been a heartbreak for him.

N-VAR

heartbreak

noun

grief

anguish

desolation

despair

misery

pain

sorrow

suffering

heartbreaking

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:tˌbreɪkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrtˌbrekɪŋ]

adj.

令人心碎的,悲痛的

heartbreaking

heartbreaking
Something that is heartbreaking makes you feel extremely sad and upset.

- This year we won't even be able to buy presents for our grandchildren. It's heartbreaking.

ADJ-GRADED

heartbreaking

adjective

tragic

agonizing

distressing

harrowing

heart-rending

pitiful

poignant

sad

heartbroken

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:tˌbrəʊkən]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrtˌbrokən]

adj.

悲伤的

heartbroken

heartbroken
Someone who is heartbroken is very sad and emotionally upset.

- Was your daddy heartbroken when they got a divorce?

ADJ-GRADED
= broken-hearted

heartbroken

adjective

miserable

brokenhearted

crushed

desolate

despondent

disconsolate

dispirited

heartsick

heartburn

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:tbə:n]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrtˌbɚn]

n.

心痛,妒忌

heartburn

heartburn
Heartburn is a painful burning sensation in your chest, caused by indigestion.
N-UNCOUNT

-hearted

-hearted
-hearted combines with adjectives such as `kind' or `cold' to form adjectives which indicate that someone has a particular character or personality or is in a particular mood.

- They are now realising just how much they owe to kind-hearted strangers.

- That Harriet is a cold-hearted bitch.

- I tried to be light-hearted.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

hearten

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:tn]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrtn..]

vt.

鼓励;使振作

heartening

adj.

令人振奋的,鼓舞人的

hearten *

1. hearten heartens heartening heartened
If someone is heartened by something, it encourages them and makes them cheerful.

- He will have been heartened by the telephone opinion poll published yesterday.

- The news heartened everybody.

VB
= cheer

2. heartened

- I feel heartened by her progress.

- The British government is heartened that Germany shares its enthusiasm.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ by n, ADJ that

3. heartening

- It has been very heartening to see new writing emerging.

- This is heartening news.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

heart failure *

heart failure
Heart failure is a serious medical condition in which someone's heart does not work as well as it should, sometimes stopping completely so that they die.

- He remained in a critical condition after suffering heart failure.

N-UNCOUNT

heartfelt

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:tfelt]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrtˌfɛlt]

adj.

衷心的; 诚挚的

heartfelt *

heartfelt
Heartfelt is used to describe a deep or sincere feeling or wish.

- My heartfelt sympathy goes out to all the relatives.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= sincere

heartfelt

adjective

sincere

deep

devout

earnest

genuine

honest

profound

unfeigned

wholehearted

hearth

[D.J.:hɑ:θ]

[K.K.:hɑrθ]

n.

壁炉前的地板; 炉床, 壁炉边

hearth *

1. hearth hearths
The hearth is the floor of a fireplace, which sometimes extends into the room.

- It was winter and there was a huge fire roaring in the hearth.

N-COUNT

2. hearth
A person's home and family life can be referred to as their hearth and home . (LITERARY)

- ...a man who leaves his hearth and home to labour as a miner in the inhospitable north.

PHR

hearth rug

hearth rug hearth rugs
A hearth rug is a rug which is put in front of a fireplace.
N-COUNT also hearthrug .

heartland

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:tˌlænd]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrtˌlænd]

n.

心脏地带;中心区域

heartland *

1. heartland heartlands
Journalists use heartland or heartlands to refer to the area or region where a particular set of activities or beliefs is most significant.

- ...his six-day bus tour around the industrial heartland of America...

- Worst-hit areas were Tory heartlands in London and the South-East.

- ...the heartlands of the service industries.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft adj N, N of n
= stronghold

2. heartland heartlands
The most central area of a country or continent can be referred to as its heartland or heartlands . (WRITTEN)

- We then headed west towards the heartland of Tibet.

- For many, the essence of French living is to be found in the rural heartlands.

N-COUNT: with supp

heartless

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:tlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrtlɪs]

adj.

无情的;狠心的

heartlessly

adv.

heartlessness

n.

heartless

heartless
If you describe someone as heartless , you mean that they are cruel and unkind, and have no sympathy for anyone or anything.

- I couldn't believe they were so heartless.

- It was a heartless thing to do.

ADJ-GRADED
= cruel ≠ kind

heartless

adjective

cruel

callous

cold

hard

hardhearted

merciless

pitiless

uncaring

unfeeling

heart-rending

heart-rending
You use heart-rending to describe something that causes you to feel great sadness and pity.

- ...heart-rending pictures of refugees...

- I heard the most heartrending screams and moans.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also heartrending .
= heartbreaking

heart-rending

adjective

moving

affecting

distressing

harrowing

heartbreaking

poignant

sad

tragic

heartstrings

[ˈhɑ:tstriŋz]

n.

心弦

heartstrings

heartstrings
If you say that someone or something tugs at your heartstrings , you mean that they cause you to feel strong emotions, usually sadness or pity.

- She knows exactly how to tug at readers' heartstrings.

N-PLURAL: oft with poss

heart-throb

n.

心跳,情人

heart-throb

heart-throb heart-throbs
If you describe a man as a heart-throb , you mean that he is physically very attractive, so that a lot of women fall in love with him.
N-COUNT

heart-to-heart

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:ttəˈhɑ:t]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrttəˈhɑrt]

adj.

率直的,诚实的

heart-to-heart

heart-to-heart heart-to-hearts
A heart-to-heart is a conversation between two people, especially close friends, in which they talk freely about their feelings or personal problems.

- I've had a heart-to-heart with him.

- Before the wedding, I had a heart-to-heart talk with my mother.

N-COUNT: oft N n

heart-warming

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:tˌwɔ:mɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrtˌwɔrmɪŋ]

adj.

激发同情心的,暖人心房的

heart-warming

heart-warming
Something that is heart-warming causes you to feel happy, usually because something nice has happened to people.

- ...the heart-warming story of enemies who discover a shared humanity.

ADJ-GRADED
= cheering

heartily

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:tli:]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrtli]

adv.

尽情地

强烈地;坚定地

极为;极其

hearty

[D.J.:ˈhɑ:ti:]

[K.K.:ˈhɑrti]

adj.

亲切的, 真诚的;热诚的

健壮的;精神饱满的

(饭菜)丰盛的

hale and hearty

(尤指老人)健壮的；矍铄的

hearty *

1. hearty heartier heartiest
Hearty people or actions are loud, cheerful, and energetic.

- Wade was a hearty, bluff, athletic sort of guy.

- He gave a hearty laugh.

ADJ-GRADED
= jovial

2. heartily

- He laughed heartily.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. hearty heartier heartiest
Hearty feelings or opinions are strongly felt or strongly held.

- With the last sentiment, Arnold was in hearty agreement.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. heartily

- I heartily agree with her favourable comments on Germany and France.

- ...most Afghans are heartily sick of war.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

5. hearty heartier heartiest
A hearty meal is large and very satisfying.

- The men ate a hearty breakfast.

- ...a hearty soup delicately flavoured with nutmeg.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

6. heartily

- He ate heartily but would drink only beer.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

heartily

adverb

enthusiastically

eagerly

earnestly

resolutely

vigorously

zealously

hearty

adjective

1.

friendly

back-slapping

ebullient

effusive

enthusiastic

genial

jovial

warm

2.

substantial

ample

filling

nourishing

sizable or sizeable

solid

square

heat

[D.J.:hi:t]

[K.K.:hit]

n.

高温, 炎热

激动, 热烈, 激烈

预赛

vt. & vi.

(使)热

vt.

使激动, 激发

heated

[D.J.:ˈhi:tɪd]

[K.K.:ˈhitɪd]

adj.

热烈的;激烈的;愤怒的

heatedly

[D.J.:ˈhi:tɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈhitɪdlɪ]

adv.

加热地

激烈地;热烈地

激昂地;兴奋地

heating

[D.J.: ˈhi:tɪŋ]

n.

暖气装置〔设备〕

heat ****

1. heat heats heating heated
When you heat something, you raise its temperature, for example by using a flame or a special piece of equipment.

- Meanwhile, heat the tomatoes and oil in a pan.

- ...a gas that absorbs the sun's energy and heats the air above it.

- ...heated swimming pools.

VB

2. heat
Heat is warmth or the quality of being hot.

- The seas store heat and release it gradually during cold periods.

- Its leaves drooped a little in the fierce heat of the sun.

N-UNCOUNT

3. heat
The heat of the day is the hottest part of the day, especially when this is very hot.

- As an asthmatic, he cannot cope with the heat and humidity.

- This heat is killing me.

- The town square's empty in the heat of the day.

PHR

4. heat
The heat of something is the temperature of something that is warm or that is being heated.

- Warm the milk to blood heat.

- Adjust the heat of the barbecue by opening and closing the air vents.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

5. heat
You use heat to refer to a source of heat, for example a cooking ring or the heating system of a house.

- Immediately remove the pan from the heat.

- Some apartment buildings don't have their heat turned on till the end of this week.

N-SING

6. heat
You use heat to refer to a state of strong emotion, especially of anger or excitement.

- It was all done in the heat of the moment and I have certainly learned by my mistake.

- `Look here,' I said, without heat, `all I did was to walk down a street and sit down.'

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

7. heat
The heat of a particular activity is the point when there is the greatest activity or excitement.

- Last week, in the heat of the election campaign, the Prime Minister left for America.

N-SING: the N of n

8. heat heats
A heat is one of a series of races or competitions. The winners of a heat take part in another race or competition, against the winners of other heats.

- ...the heats of the men's 100m breaststroke.

N-COUNT
See also dead heat .

9. heat
When a female animal is on heat in British English, or in heat in American English, she is in a state where she is ready to mate with a male animal, as this will probably result in her becoming pregnant.
PHR: v-link PHR

heated **

1. heated
A heated discussion or quarrel is one where the people involved are angry and excited.

- It was a very heated argument and they were shouting at each other.

- Our discussions were rather heated.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ calm

2. heated
If someone gets heated about something, they get angry and excited about it.

- You will understand that people get a bit heated about issues such as these.

- The baron became increasingly heated over the hypocrisy of it all.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ about/over n
= worked up

3. heatedly

- The crowd continued to argue heatedly about the best way to tackle the problem.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

heating **

1. heating
Heating is the process of heating a building or room, considered especially from the point of view of how much this costs.

- You can still find cottages for £150 a week, including heating.

- ...heating bills.

N-UNCOUNT

2. heating
Heating is the system and equipment that is used to heat a building.

- There is no heating in the shed, so the dogs would be bitterly cold at night.

- I wish I knew how to turn on the heating.

N-UNCOUNT
See also central heating .

heat

verb

1.

warm up

make hot

reheat

noun

2.

hotness

high temperature

warmth

3.

intensity

excitement

fervour

fury

passion

vehemence

heated

adjective

angry

excited

fierce

frenzied

furious

impassioned

intense

passionate

stormy

vehement

heat up ****

1. heat up heats up; heating up; heated up
When you heat something up , especially food which has already been cooked and allowed to go cold, you make it hot.

- Freda heated up a pie for me but I couldn't eat it.

PHR-V
= warm up

2. heat up heats up; heating up; heated up
When a situation heats up , things start to happen much more quickly and with increased interest and excitement among the people involved.

- Then in the last couple of years, the movement for democracy began to heat up.

PHR-V
= hot up ≠ cool off

3. heat up heats up; heating up; heated up
When something heats up , it gradually becomes hotter.

- In the summer when her mobile home heats up like an oven, the car is Annemarie's refuge.

PHR-V
= cool down

heater

[D.J.:ˈhi:tə]

[K.K.:ˈhitɚ]

n.

加热器;炉子

heater *

heater heaters
A heater is a piece of equipment or a machine which is used to raise the temperature of something, especially of the air inside a room or a car.

- There's an electric heater in the bedroom.

N-COUNT

heath

[D.J.:hi:θ]

[K.K.:hiθ]

n.

满是小石头的荒地

heath *

heath heaths
A heath is an area of open land covered with rough grass or heather and with very few trees or bushes. (BRIT)
N-COUNT
= moor

heathen

[D.J.:ˈhi:ðən]

[K.K.:ˈhiðən]

n.

不信上帝的人,异教徒

adj.

异教徒的,无宗教信仰的

heathen

1. heathen
Heathen means having no religion, or belonging to a religion that is not Christianity, Judaism, or Islam. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He preached the Gospel to the heathen locals from this spot.

- ...a heathen temple.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= pagan

2. heathen heathens
The heathen are heathen people.

- They first set out to convert the heathen.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. heathen heathens
People sometimes refer to other people who have no religion as heathens , especially if they do not like the way they behave as a result of this. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- She called us all heathens and hypocrites.

N-COUNT disapproval
= pagan

heathen

noun

1.

unbeliever

infidel

pagan

adjective

2.

pagan

godless

idolatrous

irreligious

heather

[D.J.:ˈheðə]

[K.K.:ˈhɛðɚ]

n.

石南花;杜鹃花科植物

heather *

heather
Heather is a low, spreading plant with small purple, pink, or white flowers that grows wild in Europe on high land with poor soil.
N-UNCOUNT

heat stroke

heat stroke
Heat stroke is the same as sunstroke .
N-UNCOUNT also heatstroke .

heatwave

热浪[波],酷暑期

heatwave

heatwave heatwaves
A heatwave is a period of time during which the weather is much hotter than usual.
N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) heat wave

heave

[D.J.:hi:v]

[K.K.:hiv]

vt.

举; 拉; 扔, 抛

vt. & vi.

喘息; 发出

呕吐

vi.

凸起; 起伏

n.

举, 提, 拖, 拉, 扔, 起伏, 升起

heaves

n.

〈美〉马慢性肺气肿

heaving

[ˈhi:viŋ]

n.

举起,拿起;扔去

heave *

1. heave heaves heaving heaved
If you heave something heavy or difficult to move somewhere, you push, pull, or lift it using a lot of effort.

- It took five strong men to heave it up a ramp and lower it into place.

- He heaved Barney to his feet.

- He heaved himself up off his stool.

VB

2. heave heaves heaving heaved
Also a noun.

- It took only one heave to hurl him into the river.

N-COUNT

3. heave heaves heaving heaved
If something heaves , it moves up and down with large regular movements.

- His chest heaved, and he took a deep breath.

- ...the grey, heaving seas.

VB

4. heave heaves heaving heaved
If you heave , or if your stomach heaves , you vomit or feel sick.

- He gasped and heaved and vomited again.

- My stomach heaved and I felt sick.

VB

5. heave heaves heaving heaved
If you heave a sigh, you give a big sigh.

- Mr Collier heaved a sigh and got to his feet.

VB

6. heave heaves heaving hove
When something heaves into view or heaves into sight , it appears. (WRITTEN)

- The train that now hove into view was clearly of a much older vintage.

PHR: V inflects

hove

hove
Hove is the past tense and past participle of heave in one of its meanings.

heave

verb

1.

lift

drag (up)

haul (up)

hoist

pull (up)

raise

tug

2.

throw

cast

fling

hurl

pitch

send

sling

toss

3.

sigh

groan

puff

4.

vomit

be sick

gag

retch

spew

throw up informal

heave to *

heave to heaves to; heaving to; hove to
When a boat or ship heaves to , it stops moving. (TECHNICAL)

- Captain Cornish repeated his order to heave to.

PHR-V

heaven

[D.J.:ˈhevn]

[K.K.:ˈhɛvən]

n.

天堂, 天国

上帝, 老天爷

天, 天空

极乐; 极为愉快的事或地方

heaven ***

1. heaven
In some religions, heaven is said to be the place where God lives, where good people go when they die, and where everyone is always happy. It is usually imagined as being high up in the sky.

- I believed that when I died I would go to heaven and see God.

N-PROPER
= paradise

2. heaven
You can use heaven to refer to a place or situation that you like very much. (INFORMAL)

- We went touring in Wales and Ireland. It was heaven.

- I was in cinematic heaven.

N-UNCOUNT
= paradise

3. heaven heavens
The heavens are the sky. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He walked out into the middle of the road, looking up at the heavens.

- ...a detailed map of the heavens.

N-PLURAL: the N
= sky skies

4. heaven
You say ` Heaven forbid! ' to emphasize that you very much hope that something will not happen. (SPOKEN)

- Heaven forbid that he should leave because of me!

PHR: PHR that emphasis

5. heaven
You say ` Good heavens! ' or ` Heavens! ' to express surprise or to emphasize that you agree or disagree with someone. (SPOKEN)

- Good Heavens! That explains a lot!.

- `I thought you were bringing it.' --- `Heavens, no.'

EXCLAM feelings
= good grief

6. heaven
You say ` Heaven help someone' when you are worried that something bad is going to happen to them, often because you disapprove of what they are doing or the way they are behaving. (SPOKEN)

- If this makes sense to our leaders, then heaven help us all.

- Heaven help the man she marries.

PHR: PHR n disapproval

7. heaven
You can say ` Heaven knows ' to emphasize that you do not know something, or that you find something very surprising. (SPOKEN)

- Heaven knows what they put in it.

PHR: PHR wh emphasis

8. heaven
You can say ` Heaven knows ' to emphasize something that you feel or believe very strongly. (SPOKEN)

- Heaven knows they have enough money.

- This gained me some thinking time, and heaven knows I needed it.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

9. heaven
If you move heaven and earth to do something, you try as hard as you can to do it.

- They would move heaven and earth to stop me if they could.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to-inf

10. heaven
You can use in heaven's name in questions beginning with `what', `when', `who', `why', `when', and `how' to add emphasis in a way that shows that you are very angry or surprised. (SPOKEN)

- Where in heaven's name was she?

PHR: quest PHR emphasis
= on earth

11. heaven
If the heavens open , it suddenly starts raining very heavily.

- The match had just begun when the heavens opened and play was suspended.

PHR: V inflects

heaven

noun

1.

paradise

bliss

Elysium or Elysian fields Greek myth

hereafter

life everlasting

next world

nirvana Buddhism Hinduism

Zion Christianity

2.

happiness

bliss

ecstasy

paradise

rapture

seventh heaven

utopia

the heavens

3.

sky

ether

firmament

heavenliness

[ˈhevənlinis]

n.

神圣,最幸福,庄严

heavenly

[D.J.:ˈhevənli:]

[K.K.:ˈhɛvənli]

adj.

极好的,令人非常愉快的

天国的;天空的

heavenliness

n.

极好

heavenly-minded

adj.

虔诚的

heavenly-minded

[ˈhevənliˈmaindid]

adj.

敬神的,虔敬的

heavenly *

1. heavenly
Heavenly things are things that are connected with the religious idea of heaven.

- ...heavenly beings whose function it is to serve God.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. heavenly
Something that is heavenly is very pleasant and enjoyable. (INFORMAL)

- The idea of spending two weeks with him may seem heavenly.

ADJ-GRADED
= blissful

heavenly

adjective

1.

beautiful

blissful

delightful

divine informal

exquisite

lovely

ravishing

sublime

wonderful

2.

celestial

angelic

blessed

divine

holy

immortal

heavenly body

heavenly body heavenly bodies
A heavenly body is a planet, star, moon, or other natural object in space.
N-COUNT

heaven-sent

[D.J.:ˈhevənsent]

[K.K.:ˈhɛvənˌsɛnt]

adj.

天赋的,天赐的

heaven-sent

heaven-sent
You use heaven-sent to describe something such as an opportunity which is unexpected, but which is very welcome because it occurs at just the right time.

- It will be a heaven-sent opportunity to prove himself.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also heaven sent .

heavenward

[D.J.:ˈhevənwəd]

[K.K.:ˈhɛvənwəd]

adj.

朝向天空的,朝向天国的

adv.

朝向天空地,朝向天国地

heavenward

heavenward
Heavenward means towards the sky or to heaven. (WRITTEN)

- He rolled his eyes heavenward in disgust.

ADV: ADV after v The form heavenwards is also used
= upward

heavier

adj.

沉重的,巨大的

heaviest

adj.

重的,巨大的

heavily

[D.J.:hevəli:]

[K.K.:hɛvəli]

adv.

严重地;大量地

heaviness

[ˈhevinis]

n.

沉重,重量

heavy

[D.J.:ˈhevi]

[K.K.:ˈhɛvi]

adj.

重的

沉重的, 沉闷的, 忧郁的

迟钝的, (动作)艰难的

heavily

heavily
If someone says something heavily , they say it in a slow way which shows a feeling such as sadness, tiredness, or annoyance.

- `I didn't even think about her,' he said heavily.

ADV: ADV after v
≠ lightly

See also heavy .

heavy ****

1. heavy heavier heaviest
Something that is heavy weighs a lot.

- These scissors are awfully heavy.

- Gosh, that was a heavy bag!.

- The mud stuck to her boots, making her feet heavy and her legs tired.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ light

2. heaviness

- ...a sensation of warmth and heaviness in the muscles.

N-UNCOUNT

3. heavy heavier heaviest
You use heavy to ask or talk about how much someone or something weighs.

- How heavy are you?.

- Protons are nearly 2000 times as heavy as electrons.

ADJ-GRADED: how ADJ, as ADJ as , ADJ-compar than

4. heavy heavier heaviest
Heavy means great in amount, degree, or intensity.

- Heavy fighting has been going on.

- The State fails to recognize the heavy responsibility that parents take on.

- He worried about her heavy drinking.

- ...lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines...

- The traffic along Fitzjohn's Avenue was heavy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. heavily

- It has been raining heavily all day.

- ...groups of riot police and heavily armed members of a special anti-robbery squad.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed/adj

6. heaviness

- ...the heaviness of the blood loss.

N-UNCOUNT

7. heavy heavier heaviest
Someone or something that is heavy is solid in appearance or structure, or is made of a thick material.

- We talk in her Belgrade flat, full of heavy old brown furniture.

- He was short and heavy.

- Put the sugar and water in a heavy pan and heat slowly.

- ...a heavy cream silk blouse.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ light

8. heavily

- He was a big man of about forty, wide-shouldered and heavily built.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed

9. heavy heavier heaviest
A heavy substance is thick in texture.

- It is advisable to mix coarse grit into heavy soil to improve drainage.

- ...11 million gallons of heavy crude oil.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ light

10. heavy heavier heaviest
A heavy meal is large in amount and often difficult to digest.

- He had been feeling drowsy, the effect of an unusually heavy meal.

ADJ-GRADED
= filling ≠ light

11. heavy heavier heaviest
Something that is heavy with things is full of them or loaded with them. (LITERARY)

- The air is heavy with moisture.

- She brought in a tray heavy with elegant sandwiches, scones and cakes.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with n
= laden

12. heavy heavier heaviest
If a person's breathing is heavy , it is very loud and deep.

- Her breathing became slow and heavy.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ light shallow

13. heavily

- She sank back on the pillow and closed her eyes, breathing heavily as if asleep.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

14. heavy heavier heaviest
A heavy movement or action is done with a lot of force or pressure.

- ...a heavy blow on the back of the skull...

- The plane made a heavy landing.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
≠ gentle

15. heavily

- I sat down heavily on the ground beside the road.

- A man stumbled heavily against the side of the car.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
≠ gently

16. heavy
A heavy machine or piece of military equipment is very large and very powerful.

- ...government militia backed by tanks and heavy artillery.

- ...armoured personnel carriers and other heavy vehicles.

ADJ: ADJ n

17. heavy heavier heaviest
If you describe a period of time or a schedule as heavy , you mean it involves a lot of work.

- It's been a heavy day and I'm tired.

- Hopefully, Max would be able to spend a few days with them, depending on his heavy schedule.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= busy

18. heavy heavier heaviest
Heavy work requires a lot of strength or energy.

- The business is thriving and Philippa employs two full-timers for the heavy work.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

19. heavy heavier heaviest
If you say that something is heavy on another thing, you mean that it uses a lot of that thing or too much of that thing.

- Tanks are heavy on fuel, destructive to roads and difficult to park.

- ...Linda, a platinum blonde, heavy on the lipstick.

- ...salads heavy on carrots.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ on n

20. heavy heavier heaviest
Air or weather that is heavy is unpleasantly still, hot, and damp.

- The outside air was heavy and moist and sultry.

ADJ-GRADED
= oppressive ≠ cool fresh

21. heavy heavier heaviest
If you describe a person's face as heavy , you mean that it looks sad, tired, or unfriendly. (LITERARY)

- Many of them were policemen, with their heavy faces and cropped hair.

ADJ-GRADED

22. heavy heavier heaviest
If your heart is heavy , you are sad about something. (LITERARY)

- Mr Maddison handed over his resignation letter with a heavy heart.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ light

23. heavy heavier heaviest
A situation that is heavy is serious and difficult to cope with. (INFORMAL)

- I don't want any more of that heavy stuff.

ADJ-GRADED
= serious

24. heavy heavies
A heavy is a large strong man who is employed to protect a person or place, often by using violence. (INFORMAL)

- They had employed heavies to evict shop squatters from neighbouring sites.

N-COUNT

heavily

adverb

1.

ponderously

awkwardly

clumsily

weightily

2.

densely

closely

compactly

thickly

3.

considerably

a great deal

copiously

excessively

to excess

very much

heaviness

noun

weight

gravity

heftiness

ponderousness

heavy

adjective

1.

weighty

bulky

hefty

massive

ponderous

2.

considerable

abundant

copious

excessive

large

profuse

heavy cream

heavy cream
Heavy cream is very thick cream. (AM; in BRIT use double cream )
N-UNCOUNT

heavy-duty

[D.J.:ˌhevi:ˈdu:ti:, -ˈdju:-]

[K.K.:ˌhɛviˈduti, -ˈdju-]

adj.

重型的,结实或耐受力强的

heavy-duty *

heavy-duty
A heavy-duty piece of equipment is very strong and can be used a lot.

- ...a heavy duty polythene bag...

- Cut the lobster shells into small pieces with heavy-duty scissors.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

heavy-handed

[D.J.:ˈhevi:ˈhændɪd]

[K.K.:ˈhɛviˈhændɪd]

adj.

笨手笨脚的;动作迟钝的；拙劣的

严厉的；粗暴的

heavy-handed *

1. heavy-handed
If you say that someone's behaviour is heavy-handed , you mean that they are too forceful or too rough.

- ...heavy-handed police tactics...

- The demonstration had been dealt with in a violent and heavy handed way.

- You can't be heavy handed. You have to make people aware that you understand their concerns.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ gentle

2. heavy-handed
If someone is heavy-handed with something, they use too much of it or use it in a clumsy way.

- It all depends on how heavy-handed you are with the paprika.

- In fact she tends to be a little heavy-handed when she wears make-up.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n

heavy industry *

heavy industry heavy industries
Heavy industry is industry in which large machines are used to produce raw materials or to make large objects.

- ...the policy of redirecting investment to heavy industries like steel and energy.

N-VAR
≠ light industry

heavy metal *

1. heavy metal
Heavy metal is a type of very loud rock music with a fast beat.

- ...a German heavy metal band named The Scorpions.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. heavy metal heavy metals
A heavy metal is a metallic element with a high density. Many heavy metals are poisonous. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the toxic heavy metal, cadmium.

N-COUNT

heavy-set

heavy-set
Someone who is heavy-set has a large solid body.
ADJ
= thick-set

heavyweight

[D.J.:ˈhevi:ˌweɪt]

[K.K.:ˈhɛviˌwet]

n.

特别重的人或物

要人,重要的人物

heavyweight **

1. heavyweight heavyweights
A heavyweight is a boxer weighing more than 175 pounds and therefore in the heaviest class.
N-COUNT

2. heavyweight heavyweights
If you refer to a person or organization as a heavyweight , you mean that they have a lot of influence, experience, and importance in a particular field, subject, or activity.

- He was a political heavyweight.

- ...jazz heavyweights.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

Hebrew

[D.J.:ˈhi:bru:]

[K.K.:ˈhibru]

n.

希伯来人(语);犹太人

现代以色列语

adj.

希伯来人(语)的

Hebrews

[ˈhi:bru:z]

n.

(圣经)(新约中)希伯来书

Hebrew *

1. Hebrew
Hebrew is a language that was spoken by Jews in former times. A modern form of Hebrew is spoken now in Israel.

- He is a fluent speaker of Hebrew.

N-UNCOUNT

2. Hebrew Hebrews
In former times, a Hebrew was a Jewish person.

- ...the exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt.

N-COUNT

3. Hebrew
Hebrew means belonging to or relating to the Hebrew language or people.

- ...the respected Hebrew newspaper Haarez...

- He sits puzzling over ancient Hebrew texts.

ADJ

heck

[D.J.:hek]

[K.K.:hɛk]

int. & n.

<非正>(表示略微烦恼或吃惊)

for the heck of it

只是为了好玩

what the heck!

(表示明知不应做某事，卻偏要做)那又怎么样

heck *

1. heck
People sometimes say ` heck! ' when they are slightly irritated or surprised. (INFORMAL)

- Heck, if you don't like it, don't vote for him.

- Oh, heck. What can I write about?

EXCLAM feelings

2. heck
People use a heck of to emphasize how big something is or how much of it there is. (INFORMAL)

- They're spending a heck of a lot of money.

- The truth is, I'm in one heck of a mess.

PHR: PHR n emphasis

3. heck
You use the heck in expressions such as ` what the heck ' and ` how the heck ' in order to emphasize a question, especially when you are puzzled or annoyed. (INFORMAL)

- What the heck's that?.

- The question was, where the heck was he?

PHR: quest PHR emphasis

4. heck
You say ` what the heck ' to indicate that you do not care about a bad aspect of an action or situation. (INFORMAL)

- What the heck, I thought, I'll give it a whirl.

PHR: PHR with cl feelings

heckle

[D.J.:ˈhekəl]

[K.K.:ˈhɛkəl]

vt.

责问演说者;对…起哄

heckler

n.

诘问者

heckler

[D.J.:ˈheklə]

[K.K.:ˈh ɛklɚ]

n.

激烈质问者;起哄者,扰乱分子

heckle *

1. heckle heckles heckling heckled
If people in an audience heckle public speakers or performers, they interrupt them, for example by making rude remarks.

- They heckled him and interrupted his address with angry questions.

- He was insulted and heckled mercilessly.

- A small group of youths stayed behind to heckle and shout abuse.

VB
= barrack

2. heckle heckles
Also a noun.

- The offending comment was in fact a heckle from an audience member.

N-COUNT

3. heckling

- The ceremony was disrupted by unprecedented heckling and slogan-chanting.

N-UNCOUNT
= barracking

4. heckler hecklers

- As he began his speech, a heckler called out asking for his opinion on gun control.

N-COUNT

heckle

verb

jeer

barrack informal

boo

disrupt

interrupt

shout down

taunt

hectare

[D.J.:ˈhektɛə]

[K.K.:ˈhɛkˌtɛr]

n.

公顷(等于2.471英亩)

hectare *

hectare hectares
A hectare is a measurement of an area of land which is equal to 10,000 square metres, or 2.471 acres.
N-COUNT: usu num N

hectic

[D.J.:ˈhektɪk]

[K.K.:ˈhɛktɪk]

adj.

繁忙的;忙乱的

hectic *

hectic
A hectic situation is one that is very busy and involves a lot of rushed activity.

- Despite his hectic work schedule, Benny has rarely suffered poor health.

- The two days we spent there were enjoyable but hectic.

ADJ-GRADED
= busy

hectic

adjective

frantic

animated

chaotic

feverish

frenetic

heated

turbulent

hector

[D.J.:ˈhektə]

[K.K.:ˈhɛktɚ]

vt. & vi.

吓唬;欺凌

n.

暴徒, 威吓者; 作威作福的人

hector

1. hector hectors hectoring hectored
If you say that someone is hectoring you, you do not like the way they are trying to make you do something by bothering you and talking to you aggressively.

- I suppose you'll hector me until I phone him.

VB disapproval
= bully

2. hectoring

- In a loud, hectoring tone, Alan told us that he wasn't going to waste time discussing nonsense.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= bullying

he'd

1. he'd
He'd is the usual spoken form of `he had', especially when `had' is an auxiliary verb.

- Steve had told her that he'd been in an accident on Wednesday night.

- He'd never learnt to read.

2. he'd
He'd is a spoken form of `he would'.

- He'd come into the clubhouse every day.

hedge

[D.J.:hedʒ]

[K.K.:hɛdʒ]

n.

树篱

保护手段

vt.

用树篱围起

受…的束缚

vt. & vi.

回避, 避免

hedging

[ˈhedʒiŋ]

n.

套头交易，对冲买卖，套期保值

hedge **

1. hedge hedges
A hedge is a row of bushes or small trees, usually along the edge of a garden, field, or road.
N-COUNT

2. hedge hedges hedging hedged
If you hedge against something unpleasant or unwanted that might affect you, especially losing money, you do something which will protect you from it.

- You can hedge against redundancy or illness with insurance.

- Today's clever financial instruments make it possible for firms to hedge their risks.

VB

3. hedge hedges
Something that is a hedge against something unpleasant will protect you from its effects.

- Gold is traditionally a hedge against inflation.

N-COUNT: N against n

4. hedge hedges hedging hedged
If you hedge , you avoid answering a question or committing yourself to a particular action or decision.

- They hedged in answering various questions about the operation.

- `I can't give you an answer now,' he hedged.

VB

5. hedge
If you hedge your bets , you reduce the risk of losing a lot by supporting more than one person or thing in a situation where they are opposed to each other.

- Hawker Siddeley tried to hedge its bets by diversifying into other fields.

- Forecasters are hedging their bets about the outcome of this Saturday's Louisiana governor's race.

PHR: V inflects

hedge

noun

1.

barrier

boundary

screen

windbreak

verb

2.

dodge

duck

equivocate

evade

flannel Brit. informal

prevaricate

sidestep

temporize

3.

insure

cover

guard

protect

safeguard

shield

hedge about, hedge around **

hedge about hedges about; hedging about; hedged about
If you say that something such as an offer is hedged about or is hedged around with rules or conditions, you mean that there are a lot of rules or conditions.

- The offer was hedged around with conditions.

- Many reduced fares are hedged around with restrictions.

PHR-V-PASSIVE

hedge fund

hedge fund hedge funds
A hedge fund is an investment fund that invests large amounts of money using methods that involve a lot of risk.
N-COUNT

hedgehog

[D.J.:ˈhedʒˌhɔ:g, -ˌhɔg]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdʒˌhɔɡ, -ˌhɑɡ]

n.

刺猬

hedgehog *

hedgehog hedgehogs
A hedgehog is a small brown animal with sharp spikes covering its back.
N-COUNT

hedgerow

[D.J.:ˈhedʒrəu]

[K.K.:ˈhɛdʒˌro]

n.

灌木篱墙

hedgerow *

hedgerow hedgerows
A hedgerow is a row of bushes, trees, and plants, usually growing along a bank bordering a country lane or between fields.

- He crouched behind a low hedgerow.

- More than a hundred thousand miles of hedgerow have been lost since 1945.

N-VAR

hedonism

[D.J.:ˈhi:dnˌɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈhidn..ˌɪzəm]

n.

享乐主义

hedonist

n.

hedonistic

adj.

hedonist

[D.J.:ˈhi:dənɪst]

[K.K.: ˈhidn..ɪst]

n.

快乐主义者

hedonistic

[D.J.:ˌhi:dəˈnɪstɪk]

[K.K.: ˌhidəˈnɪstɪk]

adj.

快乐主义者的

hedonism

hedonism
Hedonism is the belief that gaining pleasure is the most important thing in life. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

hedonist

hedonist hedonists
A hedonist is someone who believes that having pleasure is the most important thing in life. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

hedonistic

hedonistic
Hedonistic means relating to hedonism. (FORMAL)

- ...the hedonistic pleasures of the South...

- The cookery course was serious and hedonistic at the same time.

ADJ-GRADED

heed

[D.J.:hi:d]

[K.K.:hid]

vt.

听某人的劝告, 听从

heed *

1. heed heeds heeding heeded
If you heed someone's advice or warning, you pay attention to it and do what they suggest. (FORMAL)

- But few at the conference in London last week heeded his warning.

- Chris would have been well advised to heed the old saying `Never bite the hand that feeds you.'

VB
= take note of

2. heed
If you take heed of what someone says or if you pay heed to them, you pay attention to them and consider carefully what they say. (FORMAL)

- He pays too much heed these days to my nephew Tom, and Tom is no great thinker.

- But what if the government takes no heed?

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR to/of n
= pay attention to

heed

noun

1.

care

attention

caution

mind

notice

regard

respect

thought

verb

2.

pay attention to

bear in mind

consider

follow

listen to

note

obey

observe

take notice of

heedless

[D.J.:ˈhi:dlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈhidlɪs]

adj.

不加注意的

heedless

heedless
If you are heedless of someone or something, you do not take any notice of them. (FORMAL)

- Heedless of time or any other consideration, they began to search the underwater cave.

- She was rummaging through the letters, scattering them about the table in her heedless haste.

ADJ: oft ADJ of n

heedless

adjective

careless

foolhardy

inattentive

oblivious

thoughtless

unmindful

heel

[D.J.:hi:l]

[K.K.:hil]

n.

足跟; 踵部, 后跟

vt. & vi.

(使)倾斜

heels

[D.J.:hi:lz]

[K.K.:hilz]

n.

高跟鞋

at/on sb’s heels

紧随某人

hard/hot on sb’s heels

跟捬；追赶；紧随其后

take to your heels

飞奔逃跑

heel **

1. heel heels
Your heel is the back part of your foot, just below your ankle.
N-COUNT

2. heel heels
The heel of a shoe is the raised part on the bottom at the back.

- He kicked it shut with the heel of his boot.

- ...the shoes with the high heels.

N-COUNT

3. heel heels
Heels are women's shoes that are raised very high at the back.

- ...two well-dressed ladies in high heels...

- ...the old adage that you shouldn't wear heels with trousers.

N-PLURAL

4. heel heels
The heel of a sock or stocking is the part that covers your heel.
N-COUNT

5. heel heels
The heel of your hand is the rounded pad at the bottom of your palm.

- He shoved the heel of his hand against the side of my face.

N-COUNT: N of n

6. heel
If a person or an animal is at your heels , they are following close behind you.

- She strode off down the restaurant with Cavendish following close at her heels.

PHR

7. heel
If you bring someone to heel , you force them to obey you.

- It's still not clear how the president will use his power to bring the republics to heel.

PHR: V inflects

8. heel
If someone such as a soldier clicks their heels , they make a sound by knocking the heels of their shoes together when saluting or greeting someone.

- ...a courtly European who still clicked his heels when he met a lady.

PHR: V inflects

9. heel
If you are cooling your heels , someone is deliberately keeping you waiting, so that you get bored or impatient. (INFORMAL)

- Cohen didn't mention that he had Ted Forstmann cooling his heels in a back room.

PHR: V inflects

10. heel
If you dig your heels in or dig in your heels , you refuse to do something such as change your opinions or plans, especially when someone is trying very hard to make you do so.

- It was really the British who, by digging their heels in, prevented any last-minute deal.

PHR: V inflects

11. heel
If you say that one event follows hard on the heels of another or hot on the heels of another, you mean that one happens very quickly or immediately after another.

- Unfortunately, bad news has come hard on the heels of good.

- The visit follows hot on the heels of their season at the Edinburgh International Festival.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n

12. heel
If you say that someone is hot on your heels , you are emphasizing that they are chasing you and are not very far behind you.

- They sped through the American southwest with the law hot on their heels.

PHR: usu v-link PHR emphasis

13. heel
If you are kicking your heels , you are having to wait around with nothing to do, so that you get bored or impatient. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The authorities wouldn't grant us permission to fly all the way down to San Francisco, so I had to kick my heels at Tunis Airport.

PHR: V inflects

14. heel
If you turn on your heel or spin on your heel , you suddenly turn round, especially because you are angry or surprised.

- He simply turned on his heel and walked away.

PHR: V inflects

15. heel
If you take to your heels , you run away. (LITERARY)

- He stood, for a moment, staring defiantly back at her, then took to his heels.

PHR: V inflects
= flee

heel

noun Slang

swine

bounder old-fashioned Brit. slang

cad Brit. informal

rotter slang chiefly Brit.

heel over **

heel over heels over; heeling over; heeled over
When something heels over , it leans over very far as if it is about to fall over.

- The little sailing-boat moved briskly along, heeling over under a nice breeze.

PHR-V

heel over

verb

lean over

keel over

list

tilt

heftily

adv.

重地,肌肉发达地

hefty

[D.J.:ˈhefti:]

[K.K.:ˈhɛfti]

adj.

健壮的,高大有力的

大量的,数额巨大的

heftily

adv.

健壮地;大量地

heftiness

n.

健壮;大量

hefty *

1. hefty heftier heftiest
Hefty means large in size, weight, or amount. (INFORMAL)

- She was quite a hefty woman.

- If he is found guilty he faces a hefty fine.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. hefty heftier heftiest
A hefty movement is done with a lot of force. (INFORMAL)

- Lambert leapt out, pulled the wheel straight and gave Luckwell a hefty shove to send him on his way.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

hefty

adjective

strong

big

burly

hulking

massive

muscular

robust

strapping

hegemonical

[ˌhi(:)ɡiˈmɔnikəl]

adj.

支配的,霸权的

hegemonism

[hiˈɡemənizəm]

n.

霸权主义,霸权,盟主权,支配权

hegemony

[D.J.:hɪˈdʒeməni:, ˈhedʒəˌməʊni:]

[K.K.:hɪˈdʒɛməni, ˈhɛdʒəˌmoni]

n.

统治;势力范围

hegemonical

adj.

统治的

hegemonism

n.

霸权主义

hegemony *

hegemony
Hegemony is a situation in which one country, organization, or group has more power, control, or importance than others. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

heifer

[D.J.:ˈhefə]

[K.K.:ˈhɛfɚ]

n.

小母牛

heifer

heifer heifers
A heifer is a young cow that has not yet had a calf.
N-COUNT

height

[D.J.:hait]

[K.K.:haɪt]

n.

高度, 身高

高处, 高地

顶点, 极度

height ***

1. height heights
The height of a person or thing is their size or length from the bottom to the top.

- Her weight is about normal for her height.

- I am 5'6'' in height.

- The wave here has a length of 250 feet and a height of 10 feet.

- He was a man of medium height.

- ...a garden containing all sorts of trees and shrubs of varying heights and shades.

N-VAR: oft with poss, amount in N, N of amount

2. height
Height is the quality of being tall.

- She admits that her height is intimidating for some men.

N-UNCOUNT

3. height heights
A particular height is the distance that something is above the ground or above something else mentioned.

- At the speed and height at which he was moving, he was never more than half a second from disaster.

- ...a test in which a 6.3 kilogram weight was dropped on it from a height of 1 metre...

- The corridors there were painted chocolate-brown to shoulder height.

- The chains were at different heights on the wall.

N-VAR

4. height heights
A height is a high position or place above the ground.

- From a height, it looks like a desert.

- I'm not afraid of heights.

- ...the Golan Heights.

N-COUNT

5. height
When an activity, situation, or organization is at its height , it is at its most successful, powerful, or intense.

- During the early sixth century emigration from Britain to Brittany was at its height.

- At its height Bletchley Park employed 12,000 people.

- He was struck down at the height of his career.

- At the height of the summer season there can be up to 42,000 people in Benidorm.

N-SING: at N with poss
= peak

6. height
If you say that something is the height of a particular quality, you are emphasizing that it has that quality to the greatest degree possible.

- The hip-hugging black and white polka-dot dress was the height of fashion.

- I think it's the height of bad manners to be dressed badly.

- This is the height of hooliganism.

N-SING: the N of n emphasis

7. height heights
If something reaches great heights , it becomes very extreme or intense.

- ...the mid-1980s, when prices rose to absurd heights...

- Recently the speculation has reached new heights.

- One wondered what heights of ecstasy the winner reached.

N-PLURAL: with supp, oft adj N, N of n

height

noun

1.

altitude

elevation

highness

loftiness

stature

tallness

2.

peak

apex

crest

crown

pinnacle

summit

top

zenith

3.

culmination

climax

limit

maximum

ultimate

heighten

[D.J.:ˈhaitən]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪtn]

vt. & vi.

(使)变高, (使)增大

(使)提高; (使)加强[重]

heighten **

heighten heightens heightening heightened
If something heightens a feeling or if the feeling heightens , the feeling increases in degree or intensity.

- The move has heightened tension in the state.

- These latest murders have heightened fears of further attacks.

- Cross's interest heightened.

- ...a heightened awareness of the dangers that they now face.

V-ERG
= intensify

heighten

verb

intensify

add to

amplify

enhance

improve

increase

magnify

sharpen

strengthen

heinous

[D.J.:ˈheɪnəs]

[K.K.:ˈhenəs]

adj.

(道德败坏的人或行为)极邪恶的, 极可耻的

heinous

heinous
If you describe something such as a crime as heinous , you mean that it is extremely evil or horrible. (FORMAL)

- Her life has been permanently blighted by his heinous crime.

- They are capable of the most heinous acts.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= evil monstrous

heir

[D.J.:ɛə]

[K.K.:ɛr]

n.

继承人

heir **

heir heirs
An heir is someone who has the right to inherit a person's money, property, or title when that person dies.

- His heir, Lord Doune, cuts a bit of a dash in the city.

- ...the heir to the throne.

N-COUNT: oft with poss, oft N to n
= successor

heir

noun

successor

beneficiary

heiress fem.

inheritor

next in line

heir apparent

heir apparent heirs apparent
The heir apparent to a particular job or position is the person who is expected to have it after the person who has it now. (JOURNALISM)

- ...a man who was once the heir apparent to a media empire...

- He was seen as Mr Olsen's heir apparent.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft the N to n, poss N

heiress

[D.J.:ˈeərɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɛrɪs]

n.

女继承人;嗣女

heiress

heiress heiresses
An heiress is a woman or girl who has the right to inherit property or a title, or who has inherited it, especially when this involves great wealth.

- ...the heiress to a jewellery empire.

- ...an American heiress.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

heirloom

[D.J.:ˈeəˌlu:m]

[K.K.:ˈɛrˌlum]

n.

祖传遗物;传家宝

heirloom

heirloom heirlooms
An heirloom is an ornament or other object that has belonged to a family for a very long time and that has been handed down from one generation to another.
N-COUNT

heist

[D.J.:haist]

[K.K.:haɪst]

n.,vt.

强夺,拦劫,抢劫

heist

heist heists
A heist is a robbery, especially one in which money, jewellery, or art is stolen. (JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT: oft n N

held

[D.J.:held]

[K.K.:h ɛld]

(hold的过去式和过去分词)

hold

[D.J.:həuld]

[K.K.:hold]

vt.

拿, 抱, 握住

认为, 相信

包含; 容纳

vt. & vi.

保持, 持续

举行, 进行

vi.

有效, 适用

n.

握住, 抓住; 控制, 掌握

用以握住的东西

holding

[D.J.:ˈhəʊldɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈholdɪŋ]

n.

佃户租种的土地

所有物(如土地、债券、股份等);私有财产

there’s no holding/stopping sb

(因其热情、精力或决心等)阻拦不住某人

holds

v.

保存,把握

held

Held is the past tense and past participle of hold .

hold 1 physically touching, supporting, or containing *****

1. hold holds holding held
When you hold something, you carry or support it, using your hands or your arms.

- Hold the knife at an angle.

- She is holding her journal and a pen.

- He held the pistol in his right hand.

- Hold the baby while I load the car.

VB

2. hold holds
Also a noun.

- He released his hold on the camera.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. hold
Hold is used in expressions such as grab hold of , catch hold of , and get hold of , to indicate that you close your hand tightly around something, for example to stop something moving or falling.

- I was woken up by someone grabbing hold of my sleeping bag.

- A doctor and a nurse caught hold of his arms.

- Mother took hold of the barking dogs by their collars.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

4. hold holds holding held
When you hold someone, you put your arms round them, usually because you want to show them how much you like them or because you want to comfort them.

- If only he would hold her close to him.

VB

5. hold holds holding held
If you hold someone in a particular position, you use force to keep them in that position and stop them from moving.

- He then held the man in an armlock until police arrived.

- I'd got two nurses holding me down.

VB

6. hold holds
A hold is a particular way of keeping someone in a position using your own hands, arms, or legs.

- ...use of an unauthorized hold on a handcuffed suspect.

N-COUNT

7. hold holds holding held
When you hold a part of your body, you put your hand on or against it, often because it hurts.

- Soon she was crying bitterly about the pain and was holding her throat.

VB

8. hold holds holding held
When you hold a part of your body in a particular position, you put it into that position and keep it there.

- Hold your hands in front of your face.

- He walked at a rapid pace with his back straight and his head held erect.

VB

9. hold holds holding held
If one thing holds another in a particular position, it keeps it in that position.

- ...the wooden wedge which held the heavy door open...

- They used steel pins to hold everything in place.

VB

10. hold holds holding held
If one thing is used to hold another, it is used to store it.

- Two knife racks hold her favourite knives.

- ...the large cardboard and wooden cases used to hold my new appliances.

VB
= store

11. hold holds
In a ship or aeroplane, a hold is a place where cargo or luggage is stored.

- A fire had been reported in the cargo hold.

N-COUNT: oft n N

12. hold holds holding held
If a place holds something, it keeps it available for reference or for future use.

- The Small Firms Service holds an enormous amount of information on any business problem.

- We have reviewed the data that we hold for the area.

VB

13. hold holds held
If something holds a particular amount of something, it can contain that amount.

- The small bottles don't seem to hold much.

- One CD-ROM disk can hold over 100,000 pages of text.

VB: no cont

14. hold holds holding held
If you can hold your drink, you are able to drink large quantities of alcohol without becoming ill or getting drunk.

- ...but you had to be able to hold your liquor.

VB

15. hold holds holding held
If a vehicle holds the road well, it remains in close contact with the road and can be controlled safely and easily.

- I thought the car handled and held the road really well.

VB

hold 2 having or doing *****

( Hold is often used to indicate that someone or something has the particular thing, characteristic, or attitude that is mentioned. Therefore it takes most of its meaning from the word that follows it.)

1. hold holds held
Hold is used with words and expressions indicating an opinion or belief, to show that someone has a particular opinion or believes that something is true.

- He held firm opinions which usually conflicted with my own.

- He holds certain expectations about the teacher's role.

- Current thinking holds that obesity is more a medical than a psychological problem.

- The public, meanwhile, hold architects in low esteem.

- ...a widely held opinion.

VB: no cont

2. hold holds holding held
Hold is used with words such as `fear' or `mystery' to indicate someone's feelings towards something, as if those feelings were a characteristic of the thing itself.

- Death doesn't hold any fear for me.

- It held more mystery than even the darkest jungle.

- This approach, more than any other, holds promise for true reform.

VB: no passive

3. hold holds holding held
Hold is used with nouns such as `office', `power', and `responsibility' to indicate that someone has a particular position of power or authority.

- She has never held ministerial office.

- I'd seen it before in people who held immense power.

VB
= have

4. hold holds holding held
Hold is used with nouns such as `permit', `degree', or `ticket' to indicate that someone has a particular document that allows them to do something.

- Applicants should normally hold a good Honours degree.

- He did not hold a firearm certificate.

- Passengers holding tickets will receive refunds.

VB

5. hold holds holding held
Hold is used with nouns such as `party', `meeting', `talks', `election', and `trial' to indicate that people are organizing a particular activity.

- The country will hold democratic elections within a year.

- The German sports federation said it would hold an investigation.

- ...the club, which was licensed to hold parties.

VB

6. holding

- They also called for the holding of multi-party general elections.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

7. hold holds holding held
Hold is used with nouns such as `conversation', `interview', and `talks' to indicate that two or more people meet and discuss something.

- The Prime Minister, is holding consultations with his colleagues to finalise the deal.

- The engineer and his son held frequent consultations concerning technical problems.

- They can't believe you can even hold a conversation.

V-RECIP

8. hold holds holding held
Hold is used with nouns such as `shares' and `stock' to indicate that someone owns a particular proportion of a business.

- The group said it continues to hold 1,774,687 Vons shares.

- The Fisher family holds 40% of the stock.

VB

9. hold holds holding held
Hold is used with words such as `lead' or `advantage' to indicate that someone is winning or doing well in a contest.

- He continued to hold a lead in Angola's presidential race.

- Mestel holds a slight advantage.

VB

10. hold holds holding held
Hold is used with nouns such as `attention' or `interest' to indicate that what you do or say keeps someone interested or listening to you.

- If you want to hold someone's attention, look them directly in the eye but don't stare.

- Couldn't I hold Philippe's interest?

VB
= keep

11. hold holds holding held
If you hold someone responsible, liable, or accountable for something, you will blame them if anything goes wrong.

- It's impossible to hold any individual responsible.

- ...shareholders who want to hold corporate directors more accountable for their actions.

VB

hold 3 controlling or remaining *****

1. hold holds holding held
If someone holds you in a place, they keep you there as a prisoner and do not allow you to leave.

- The inside of a van was as good a place as any to hold a kidnap victim.

- Somebody is holding your wife hostage.

- Japan had originally demanded the return of two seamen held on spying charges.

VB

2. hold holds holding held
If people such as an army or a violent crowd hold a place, they control it by using force.

- Demonstrators have been holding the square since Sunday.

VB

3. hold
If you have a hold over someone, you have power or control over them, for example because you know something about them you can use to threaten them or because you are in a position of authority.

- It's always useful to have a hold over a fellow like Carl May.

- He had ordered his officers to keep an exceptionally firm hold over their men.

- Because he once loved her, she still has a hold on him.

N-SING: usu N over/on n

4. hold holds holding held
If you ask someone to hold , or to hold the line, when you are answering a telephone call, you are asking them to wait for a short time, for example so that you can find the person they want to speak to.

- Could you hold the line and I'll just get my pen.

- A telephone operator asked him to hold.

VB: no passive
= hold on

5. hold holds holding held
If you hold telephone calls for someone, you do not allow people who phone to speak to that person, but take messages instead.

- He tells his secretary to hold his calls.

VB

6. hold holds holding held
If something holds at a particular value or level, or is held there, it is kept at that value or level.

- OPEC production is holding at around 21.5 million barrels a day.

- They were expecting the jobless rate to hold steady.

- The Prime Minister yesterday ruled out Government action to hold down petrol prices.

- The final dividend will be held at 20.7p, after an 8 per cent increase.

- ...provided the pound holds its value against the deutschmark.

V-ERG

7. hold holds holding held
If you hold a sound or musical note, you continue making it.

- ...a voice which hit and held every note with perfect ease and clarity.

VB

8. hold holds holding held
If you hold something such as a train, a lift, or an elevator, you delay it.

- A London Underground spokesman defended the decision to hold the train until police arrived.

VB

9. hold holds holding held
If an offer or invitation still holds , it is still available for you to accept.

- Does your offer still hold?

VB

10. hold holds holding held
If a good situation holds , it continues and does not get worse or fail.

- Our luck couldn't hold for ever.

- Would the weather hold?.

- Will the ceasefire hold?

VB

11. hold holds holding held
If an argument or theory holds , it is true or valid, even after close examination.

- Today, most people think that argument no longer holds.

- The theory could still hold.

VB

12. hold up holds up; holding up; held up
To hold up means the same as to hold .

- Democrats say arguments against the bill won't hold up.

PHR-V

13. hold holds holding held
If part of a structure holds , it does not fall or break although there is a lot of force or pressure on it.

- How long would the roof hold?

VB

14. hold holds holding held
If laws and rules hold , they exist and remain in force.

- These laws also hold for universities.

VB

15. hold holds holding held
If you say that you hold to a particular opinion or belief, you are stating firmly that you continue to have that opinion or belief. (FORMAL)

- I hold to my belief that people should be allowed to have private lives.

- Would you still hold to that view?

VB

16. hold holds holding held
If you hold to a promise or to high standards of behaviour, you keep that promise or continue to behave according to those standards. (FORMAL)

- Will the President be able to hold to this commitment?.

- Not all men are as honorable or hold to the same standards as Sam.

- ...whether youngsters in a multicultural society can really be expected to hold to uniformity in their speech.

VB
= keep

17. hold holds holding held
If someone or something holds you to a promise or to high standards of behaviour, they make you keep that promise or those standards.

- I would say it's almost time to hold him to that promise.

- Don't hold me to that.

- It does hold you to certain standards of fairness.

VB

18. hold
If you hold forth on a subject, you speak confidently and for a long time about it, especially to a group of people.

- Barry was holding forth on something.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR on n

19. hold
If you get hold of an object or information, you obtain it, usually after some difficulty.

- It is hard to get hold of guns in this country.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

20. hold
If you get hold of a fact or a subject, you learn about it and understand it well. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He first had to get hold of some basic facts.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

21. hold
If you get hold of someone, you manage to contact them.

- The only electrician we could get hold of was miles away.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

22. hold
If you say ` Hold it ', you are telling someone to stop what they are doing and to wait.

- Hold it! Don't move!

CONVENTION
= stop

23. hold
If you put something on hold , you decide not to do it, deal with it, or change it now, but to leave it until later.

- He put his retirement on hold to work 16 hours a day, seven days a week to find a solution.

- He described their foreign policy as on hold.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

24. hold
If you hold your own , you are able to resist someone who is attacking or opposing you.

- The Frenchman held his own against the challenger.

PHR: V inflects

25. hold
If you can do something well enough to hold your own , you do not appear foolish when you are compared with someone who is generally thought to be very good at it.

- She can hold her own against almost any player.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR against n

26. hold
If you hold still , you do not move.

- Can't you hold still for a second?

PHR: V inflects
= keep still

27. hold
If something takes hold , it gains complete control or influence over a person or thing.

- She felt a strange excitement taking hold of her.

- She was determined not to let the illness take hold again.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR of n

28. hold
If you hold tight you put your hand round or against something in order to prevent yourself from falling over. A bus driver might say ` Hold tight! ' to you if you are standing on a bus when it is about to move.

- He held tight to the rope.

- Climb on to my back and hold tight.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR prep
= hang on

29. hold
If you hold tight , you do not immediately start a course of action that you have been planning or thinking about.

- The unions have circulated their branches, urging members to hold tight until a national deal is struck.

PHR: V inflects

hold up *****

1. hold up holds up; holding up; held up
If you hold up your hand or something you have in your hand, you move it upwards into a particular position and keep it there.

- She held up her hand stiffly.

- Hold it up so that we can see it.

PHR-V

2. hold up holds up; holding up; held up
If one thing holds up another, it is placed under the other thing in order to support it and prevent it from falling.

- Mills have iron pillars all over the place holding up the roof.

- Her legs wouldn't hold her up.

PHR-V

3. hold up holds up; holding up; held up
To hold up a person or process means to make them late or delay them.

- Why were you holding everyone up?.

- Continuing violence could hold up progress towards reform.

PHR-V
= delay

4. hold up holds up; holding up; held up
If someone holds up a place such as a bank or a shop, they point a weapon at someone there to make them give them money or valuable goods.

- A thief ran off with hundreds of pounds yesterday after holding up a petrol station.

PHR-V
= rob

5. hold up holds up; holding up; held up
If you hold up something such as someone's behaviour, you make it known to other people, so that they can criticize or praise it.

- She said the picture that had appeared in a Sunday newspaper had held her up to ridicule.

- He had always been held up as an example to the younger ones.

PHR-V

6. hold up holds up; holding up; held up
If something such as a type of business holds up in difficult conditions, it stays in a reasonably good state.

- Children's wear is one area that is holding up well in the recession.

PHR-V

7. hold up holds up; holding up; held up
If an argument or theory holds up , it is true or valid, even after close examination.

- I'm not sure if the argument holds up, but it's stimulating.

PHR-V

holding **

1. holding holdings
If you have a holding in a company, you own shares in it.

- That would increase Olympia & York's holding to 35%.

- Sid's amazing wealth comes from holdings in oil, gas, land and property.

N-COUNT: with supp
= investment

2. holding holdings
A holding is an area of farm land which is owned or rented by the person who grows crops on it.
N-COUNT

3. holding holdings
The holdings of a place such as a museum, library, or art gallery are the items such as books or paintings which are kept there.
N-PLURAL

4. holding
A holding operation or action is a temporary one that is intended to keep a situation under control and to prevent it from becoming worse.

- A garden is, at best, a holding operation against nature.

ADJ: ADJ n

hold

verb

1.

own

have

keep

maintain

occupy

possess

retain

2.

grasp

clasp

cling

clutch

cradle

embrace

enfold

grip

3.

restrain

confine

detain

impound

imprison

4.

consider

assume

believe

deem

judge

presume

reckon

regard

think

5.

convene

call

conduct

preside over

run

6.

accommodate

contain

have a capacity for

seat

take

noun

7.

grip

clasp

grasp

8.

foothold

footing

support

9.

control

influence

mastery

hold up

verb

1.

delay

detain

hinder

retard

set back

slow down

stop

2.

support

prop

shore up

sustain

3.

rob

mug informal

waylay

helicopter

[D.J.:ˈhelikɔptə]

[K.K.:ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ]

n.

直升机

helicopter ***

helicopter helicopters
A helicopter is an aircraft with long blades on top that go round very fast. It is able to stay still in the air and to move straight upwards or downwards.
N-COUNT
= chopper

helicopter gunship

helicopter gunship helicopter gunships
A helicopter gunship is a helicopter with large guns attached to it.
N-COUNT

helipad

[D.J.:ˈhelipæd]

[K.K.:ˈhɛləˌpæd]

n.

直升机起飞及降落场,直升机停机坪

helipad

helipad helipads
A helipad is a place where helicopters can land and take off.
N-COUNT

heliport

[D.J.:ˈhelipɔ:t]

[K.K.:ˈhɛləˌpɔrt, -ˌport]

n.

直升飞机场

heliport

heliport heliports
A heliport is an airport for helicopters.
N-COUNT

helium

[D.J.:ˈhi:li:əm]

[K.K.:ˈhiliəm]

n.

<化>氦

helium *

helium
Helium is a very light gas that is colourless and has no smell.
N-UNCOUNT

helix

[D.J.:ˈhi:liks]

[K.K.:ˈhilɪks]

n.

螺旋结构

helix

helix helixes
A helix is a spiral shape or form. (TECHNICAL)

- Coil the fibre into a helix.

N-COUNT

hell

[D.J.:hel]

[K.K.:hɛl]

n.

地狱

苦痛的境况

hell ***

1. hell
In some religions, hell is the place where the Devil lives, and where wicked people are sent to be punished when they die. Hell is usually imagined as being under the ground and full of flames.
N-PROPER; N-COUNT

2. hell hells
If you say that a particular situation or place is hell , you are emphasizing that it is extremely unpleasant.

- ...the hell of the Siberian labor camps...

- Bullies can make your life hell.

- ...the hells of grief and shame and lost love.

N-VAR emphasis
= torture

3. hell
Hell is used by some people when they are angry or excited, or when they want to emphasize what they are saying. This use could cause offence.

- `Hell, no!' the doctor snapped.

EXCLAM emphasis

4. hell
You can use as hell after adjectives or some adverbs to emphasize the adjective or adverb. (INFORMAL)

- The men might be armed, but they sure as hell weren't trained.

- I am angry as hell.

PHR: adj PHR emphasis

5. hell
If you say that a place or a situation is hell on earth or a hell on earth , you are emphasizing that it is extremely unpleasant or that it causes great suffering.

- Very longstanding couples have relationships that are worth celebrating, even if their years together have been hell on earth.

PHR: oft v-link PHR emphasis
= living hell

6. hell
If someone does something for the hell of it , or just for the hell of it , they do it for fun or for no particular reason. (INFORMAL)

- I started shouting in German, just for the hell of it.

- It was stupid, just vandalism for the hell of it.

PHR: usu PHR with cl, PHR after v, n PHR
= for fun for kicks

7. hell
If you say that you will do something until hell freezes over , you are emphasizing that you will do it for a very long time or for ever.

- He says he'll sit there until hell freezes over before he'll pay them one cent.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

8. hell
You can use from hell after a noun when you are emphasizing that something or someone is extremely unpleasant or evil. (INFORMAL)

- He's a child from hell.

- She is the bitch from hell.

- ...the holiday from hell.

PHR: n PHR emphasis

9. hell
If you say that someone gives you hell , you are emphasizing that they shout at you very angrily because of something you have done wrong. (INFORMAL)

- My father saw this in the newspaper and he gave me absolute hell.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

10. hell
If you say that something is giving you hell , you are emphasizing that it is causing you a lot of trouble or pain.

- My back's giving me hell, let me tell you!.

- The children give her hell, particularly the older boys.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

11. hell
If you tell someone to go to hell , you are angrily telling them to go away and leave you alone. (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- `Well, you can go to hell!' He swept out of the room.

PHR feelings
= get lost

12. hell
If you say that someone can go to hell , you are emphasizing angrily that you do not care about them and that they will not stop you doing what you want. (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- Peter can go to hell. It's my money and I'll leave it to who I want.

- I'm going to do as I please and let 'em all go to hell.

PHR emphasis
= get lost

13. hell
If you say that someone is going hell for leather , you are emphasizing that they are doing something or are moving very quickly and perhaps carelessly. (INFORMAL)

- The first horse often goes hell for leather, hits a few fences but gets away with it.

- They've been going hell for leather, trying to record as much as they can.

PHR: usu v PHR emphasis

14. hell
Some people say like hell to emphasize that they strongly disagree with you or are strongly opposed to what you say. (INFORMAL)

- `I'll go myself.' --- `Like hell you will!'

PHR: usu PHR cl emphasis

15. hell
Some people use like hell to emphasize how strong an action or quality is. (INFORMAL)

- It hurts like hell.

- I missed her like hell.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

16. hell
If you describe a place or situation as a living hell , you are emphasizing that it is extremely unpleasant. (INFORMAL)

- School is a living hell for some children.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

17. hell
If you say that all hell breaks loose , you are emphasizing that a lot of arguing or fighting suddenly starts. (INFORMAL)

- He had an affair, I found out and then all hell broke loose.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

18. hell
If you talk about a hell of a lot of something, or one hell of a lot of something, you mean that there is a large amount of it. (INFORMAL)

- The manager took a hell of a lot of money out of the club.

PHR: usu PHR of n/-ing emphasis

19. hell
Some people use a hell of or one hell of to emphasize that something is very good, very bad, or very big. (INFORMAL)

- Whatever the outcome, it's going to be one hell of a fight.

PHR: PHR n emphasis

20. hell
If you tell someone to get the hell out of a place, you are telling them angrily or emphatically to leave that place immediately. (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- Get the hell out of my way.

- I got the hell out of Glasgow and I can honestly say I will never go back.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR of n emphasis
= a helluva

21. hell
Some people use the hell out of for emphasis after verbs such as `scare', `irritate', and `beat'. (INFORMAL)

- I patted the top of her head in the condescending way I knew irritated the hell out of her.

- Those cops beat the hell out of me.

PHR: v PHR n emphasis

22. hell
If you say there'll be hell to pay , you are emphasizing that there will be serious trouble. (INFORMAL)

- There would be hell to pay when Ferguson and Tony found out about it.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

23. hell
To play hell with something means to have a bad effect on it or cause great confusion. In British English, you can also say that one person or thing plays merry hell with another. (INFORMAL)

- Lord Beaverbrook, to put it bluntly, played hell with the war policy of the R.A.F.

- Slugs play merry hell with emerging shoots.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR with n

24. hell
If you say that someone raises hell , you are emphasizing that they protest strongly and angrily about a situation in order to persuade other people to correct it or improve it. (INFORMAL)

- She came in and raised hell. Her son's sports bag was missing.

- The only way to preserve democracy is to raise hell about its shortcomings.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

25. hell
People sometimes use the hell for emphasis in questions, after words such as `what', `where', and `why', often in order to express anger. (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- Where the hell have you been?.

- Why the hell should I know about Dadinha?.

- What the hell's going on?

PHR: quest PHR emphasis
= on earth

26. hell
If you go through hell , or if someone puts you through hell , you have a very difficult or unpleasant time. (INFORMAL)

- All of you seem to have gone through hell making this record.

- I put Brian through hell.

PHR: V inflects

27. hell
If you say you hope to hell or wish to hell that something is true, you are emphasizing that you strongly hope or wish it is true. (INFORMAL)

- I hope to hell you're right.

PHR: V inflects, PHR that emphasis

28. hell
If you say that you will do something come hell or high water , you are emphasizing that you are determined to do it, in spite of the difficulties involved.

- I've always managed to get into work come hell or high water.

PHR: usu PHR after v emphasis

29. hell
You can say ` what the hell ' when you decide to do something in spite of the doubts that you have about it. (INFORMAL)

- What the hell, I thought, at least it will give the lazy old man some exercise.

PHR feelings

30. hell
If you say ` to hell with ' something, you are emphasizing that you do not care about something and that it will not stop you from doing what you want to do. (INFORMAL)

- To hell with this, I'm getting out of here.

- To hell with grades and qualifications.

PHR: PHR n emphasis

hell

noun

1.

underworld

abyss

fire and brimstone

Hades Greek myth

hellfire

inferno

nether world

2.

torment

agony

anguish

misery

nightmare

ordeal

suffering

wretchedness

he'll

he'll
He'll is the usual spoken form of `he will'.

- By the time he's twenty he'll know everyone worth knowing in Washington.

hell-bent

adj.

固执的,拼命的

hell-bent

hell-bent
If you say that someone is hell-bent on doing something, you are emphasizing that they are determined to do it, whatever the consequences might be.

- He accused Ford of being hell-bent on achieving its cuts by whatever means.

- ...a side hell-bent on a place in the Premier League.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ on -ing/n also hellbent . emphasis

Hellenic

[D.J.:heˈli:nik]

[K.K.:hɛˈlɛnɪk]

adj.

希腊的,希腊人的,希腊语的

Hellenic

Hellenic
Hellenic is used to describe the people, language, and culture of Ancient Greece.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

hellhole

[D.J.:ˈhelhəul]

[K.K.:ˈhɛlˌhol]

n.

充满腐败、堕落、危害的地方

hellhole

hellhole hellholes
If you call a place a hellhole , you mean that it is extremely unpleasant, usually because it is dirty and uncomfortable.

- ...stuck in this hellhole of a jail.

N-COUNT

hellish

[D.J.:ˈhelɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈhɛlɪʃ]

adj.

很坏的,很讨厌的

hellishly

adv.

很坏地,很讨厌地

hellishness

n.

很坏,很讨厌

hellishly

adv.

可怕地;恶魔似地

hellish

1. hellish
You describe something as hellish to emphasize that it is extremely unpleasant. (INFORMAL)

- The atmosphere in Washington is hellish.

- I'm sure you will remember from the hellish years of your boyhood.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis

2. hellish
You use hellish to emphasize an unpleasant quality or its great extent. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- It's hellish cold up here in winter.

ADV: ADV adj emphasis

hellish

adjective

devilish

damnable

diabolical

fiendish

infernal

hello

[D.J.:heˈləu]

[K.K.:hɛˈlo, hə-]

int. & n.

喂

hello ***

1. hello
You say ` Hello ' to someone when you meet them.

- Hello, Trish. I won't shake hands, because I'm filthy.

- Do you want to pop your head in and say hallo to my girlfriend?

CONVENTION also hallo , hullo . formulae

2. hello hellos
Also a noun.

- The salesperson greeted me with a warm hello.

N-COUNT also hallo , hullo .

3. hello
You say ` Hello ' to someone at the beginning of a telephone conversation, either when you answer the phone or before you give your name or say why you are phoning.

- A moment later, Cohen picked up the phone. `Hello?'.

- Hallo, may I speak to Frank, please.

CONVENTION also hallo , hullo . formulae

4. hello
You can call ` hello ' to attract someone's attention.

- She could see the open door of a departmental office. `Hello! Excuse me. This is the department of French, isn't it?'.

- Very softly, she called out: `Hallo? Who's there?'

CONVENTION also hallo , hullo .

hello

interjection

welcome

good afternoon

good evening

good morning

greetings

hell-raiser

[D.J.:ˈhelˌreizə]

[K.K.:ˈhɛlˌrezɚ]

n.

引起喧闹的人(物)

hell-raiser

hell-raiser hell-raisers
If you describe someone as a hell-raiser , you mean that they often behave in a wild and unacceptable way, especially because they have drunk too much alcohol. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

helluva

[D.J.:ˈheləvə]

[K.K.:ˈhɛləvə]

adj.

很难的,很大的

helluva

helluva
Some people say a helluva or one helluva to emphasize that something is very good, very bad, or very big. (INFORMAL)

- It taught me a helluva lot about myself.

- The man did one helluva job getting it all together.

ADJ: a/one ADJ n emphasis
= a hell of a

helm

[D.J.:helm]

[K.K.:hɛlm]

n.

舵

at the helm/tiller

掌舵；掌管

take (over) the helm

接管

helm *

1. helm helms
The helm of a boat or ship is the part that is used to steer it.

- I got into our dinghy while Willis took the helm and positioned the boat for the photograph.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. helm
You can say that someone is at the helm when they are leading or running a country or organization.

- He has been at the helm of Lonrho for 31 years.

- ...Yutaka Kume, who took the helm as Nissan's president in June 1985.

N-SING: the N

helm

noun

1.

tiller

rudder

wheel

at the helm

2.

in charge

at the wheel

in command

in control

in the driving seat

in the saddle

helmet

[D.J.:ˈhelmit]

[K.K.:ˈhɛlmɪt]

n.

头盔

helmet **

helmet helmets
A helmet is a hat made of a strong material which you wear to protect your head.
N-COUNT
See also crash helmet .

helmsman

[D.J.:ˈhelmzmən]

[K.K.:ˈhɛlmzmən]

n.

舵手

helmsman

helmsman helmsmen
The helmsman of a boat is the person who is steering it.
N-COUNT

help

[D.J.:help]

[K.K.:hɛlp]

vt. & vi.

帮助

有助于, 有利于

vt.

避免; 抑制, 克制

n.

帮助, 援助

助手, 帮忙的人或物

补救办法, 治疗方法

helping

[D.J.:ˈhelpɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhɛlpɪŋ]

n.

(食物)的一份

a helping hand

帮助；支持

help *****

1. help helps helping helped
If you help someone, you make it easier for them to do something, for example by doing part of the work for them or by giving them advice or money.

- He has helped to raise a lot of money.

- My mum used to help cook the meals for the children.

- America's priority is to help nations defend themselves.

- You can of course help by giving them a donation directly.

- I was only trying to help.

- If you're not willing to help me, I'll find somebody who will.

VB

2. help
Also a noun.

- Thanks very much for your help.

- Always ask the pharmacist for help.

- Some of them have qualified for help with monthly payments.

N-UNCOUNT
= assistance

3. help helps helping helped
If you say that something helps , you mean that it makes something easier to do or get, or that it improves a situation to some extent.

- The right style of swimsuit can help to hide, minimise or emphasise what you want it to.

- Building more motorways and by-passes will help the environment by reducing pollution and traffic jams in towns and cities.

- Understanding these rare molecules will help chemists to find out what is achievable.

- I could cook your supper, though, if that would help.

VB

4. help helps helping helped
If you help someone go somewhere or move in some way, you give them support so that they can move more easily.

- Martin helped Tanya over the rail.

- I allowed her to help me to my feet.

- Come and help me up!.

- She helped her sit up in bed so she could hold her baby.

VB

5. help helps helping helped
If you help yourself, you try to get yourself out of a difficult situation rather than accept it and think you can do nothing to change it.

- He tries to help people with problems, but firmly believes they should do more to help themselves.

VB

6. help
If you say that someone or something has been a help or has been some help , you mean that they have helped you to solve a problem.

- Thank you. You've been a great help already.

- ...a quality which will be a help rather than a hindrance to them...

- She's been a lot of help.

- The books were not much help.

N-SING: a N, also no det

7. help
Help is action taken to rescue a person who is in danger. You shout ` help! ' when you are in danger in order to attract someone's attention so that they can come and rescue you.

- He was screaming for help.

- `Help!' I screamed, turning to run.

N-UNCOUNT

8. help helps helping helped
If you help yourself to something, you serve yourself or you take it for yourself. If someone tells you to help yourself, they are telling you politely to serve yourself anything you want or to take anything you want.

- There's bread on the table. Help yourself.

- Just help yourself to leaflets.

VB

9. help helps helping helped
If someone helps themselves to something, they steal it. (INFORMAL)

- Has somebody helped himself to some film star's diamonds?

VB

10. help
If you can't help the way you feel or behave, you cannot control it or stop it happening. You can also say that you can't help yourself.

- I can't help feeling sorry for the poor man.

- `Please don't cry.' --- `I can't help it.'.

- Jerry and Lise know their romance inflicts hurt on others, but they can't help themselves.

- He can't help a suppressed giggle.

PHR: V inflects, PHR -ing, PHR it , PHR pron-refl, PHR n

11. help
If you say you can't help thinking something, you are expressing your opinion in an indirect way, often because you think it seems rude.

- I can't help feeling that this may just be another of her schemes.

- I could not help but think this is a very queer life.

PHR: V inflects, PHR -ing, PHR but inf vagueness

12. help
If someone or something is of help , they make a situation easier or better.

- Can I be of help to you?

PHR: V inflects

helping

1. helping helpings
A helping of food is the amount of it that you get in a single serving.

- She gave them extra helpings of ice-cream.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n, adj N

2. helping helpings
You can refer to an amount of something, especially a quality, as a helping of that thing. (INFORMAL)

- It took a generous helping of entrepreneurial confidence to persevere during this incident.

N-COUNT: N of n, usu adj N of n
= amount

help

verb

1.

aid

abet

assist

cooperate

lend a hand

succour

support

2.

improve

alleviate

ameliorate

ease

facilitate

mitigate

relieve

3.

refrain from

avoid

keep from

prevent

resist

noun

4.

assistance

advice

aid

cooperation

guidance

helping hand

support

helping

noun

portion

dollop informal

piece

plateful

ration

serving

help off with *****

help off helps off; helping off; helped off
If you help someone off with an item of clothing, you help them take it off.

- He helped her off with her robe.

PHR-V

help on with *****

help on helps on; helping on; helped on
If you help someone on with an item of clothing, you help them put it on.

- `I'll get you a cab,' I said as I helped her on with her coat.

PHR-V

help out *****

help out helps out; helping out; helped out
If you help someone out , you help them by doing some work for them or by lending them some money.

- I help out with the secretarial work.

- All these presents came to more money than I had, and my mother had to help me out.

- He thought you'd been brought in from Toronto to help out the local police.

PHR-V

helper

[D.J.:ˈhelpə]

[K.K.:ˈhɛlpɚ]

n.

助手

helpers

辅助工

helper *

helper helpers
A helper is a person who helps another person or group with a job they are doing.
N-COUNT
= assistant

helper

noun

assistant

adjutant

aide

ally

attendant

collaborator

helpmate

mate

right-hand man

second

supporter

helpful

[D.J.:ˈhelpful]

[K.K.:ˈhɛlpfəl]

adj.

给予帮助的, 有益的

helpfully

adv.

有益地,有用地

helpful **

1. helpful
If you describe someone as helpful , you mean that they help you in some way, such as doing part of your job for you or by giving you advice or information.

- The staff in the London office are helpful but only have limited information.

- James is a very helpful and cooperative lad.

- Thank you, you've been most helpful.

ADJ-GRADED

2. helpfully

- They had helpfully provided us with instructions on how to find the house.

- `Perhaps you could check the book?' Moira said helpfully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. helpfulness

- The level of expertise and helpfulness is far higher in smaller shops.

N-UNCOUNT

4. helpful
If you describe information or advice as helpful , you mean that it is useful for you.

- The catalog includes helpful information on the different bike models available.

- The following information may be helpful to readers.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unhelpful

5. helpful
Something that is helpful makes a situation more pleasant or more easy to tolerate.

- A predominantly liquid diet for a day or two may be helpful.

- It is often helpful to have your spouse in the room when major news is expected.

- Group discussion is also immensely helpful in convincing patients that they can choose a course that feels right to them.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf, ADJ for n/-ing, ADJ in -ing/n

helpful

adjective

1.

useful

advantageous

beneficial

constructive

practical

profitable

timely

2.

cooperative

accommodating

considerate

friendly

kind

neighbourly

supportive

sympathetic

helpless

[D.J.:ˈhelplis]

[K.K.:ˈhɛlplɪs]

adj.

不能自立的, 需要他人帮助的

无助的, 无保护的

helplessly

[D.J.:ˈhelplɪslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈh ɛlplɪslɪ]

adv.

无力地,无助地

无可奈何地

helplessness

[D.J.:ˈhelplɪsnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈh ɛlplɪsnɪs]

n.

无可奈何状态;无能为力

无助的状态

helpless **

1. helpless
If you are helpless , you do not have the strength or power to do anything useful or to control or protect yourself.

- Parents often feel helpless, knowing that all the cuddles in the world won't stop the tears.

- Children are dying, and I am helpless to do anything.

- Once aboard we were soon helpless with laughter at the absurdity of it.

- They are not merely helpless victims.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf, ADJ with n

2. helplessly

- Their son watched helplessly as they vanished beneath the waves.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. helplessness

- I remember my feelings of helplessness.

N-UNCOUNT

helpless

adjective

weak

disabled

impotent

incapable

infirm

paralysed

powerless

helpline

n.

热线服务电话

helpline *

helpline helplines
A helpline is a special telephone service that people can call to get advice about a particular subject.
N-COUNT

helpmate

[D.J.:ˈhelpmeit]

[K.K.:ˈhɛlpˌmet]

n.

助手,伴侣,配偶(通常指妻子,有时指丈夫)

helpmate

helpmate helpmates
If you say that one person is another person's helpmate , you mean that they help the other person in their life or work, especially by doing boring but necessary jobs for them such as cooking and cleaning. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

helter-skelter

[D.J.:ˌheltəˈskeltə]

[K.K.:ˌhɛltɚˈskɛltɚ]

adv. & adj.

匆促忙乱地(的)

n.

(游乐场的)螺旋滑梯

helter-skelter

1. helter-skelter
You use helter-skelter to describe something that is hurried and disorganized, especially when things happen very quickly, one after the other.

- He now faces another crisis in his helter-skelter existence.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. helter-skelter
Also an adverb.

- ...a panic-stricken crowd running helter-skelter to get away from the tear gas.

ADV: ADV after v
= pell-mell

helter-skelter

adjective

1.

haphazard

confused

disordered

higgledy-piggledy informal

hit-or-miss

jumbled

muddled

random

topsy-turvy

adverb

2.

carelessly

anyhow

hastily

headlong

hurriedly

pell-mell

rashly

recklessly

wildly

hem

[D.J.:hem]

[K.K.:hɛm]

n.

布的褶边; 贴边

短促的咳嗽

vt.

缝…的褶边

包围

hemming

[ˈhemiŋ]

n.

卷边

hem *

1. hem hems
A hem on something such as a piece of clothing is an edge that is folded over and stitched down to prevent threads coming loose. The hem of a skirt or dress is the bottom edge.
N-COUNT

2. hem hems hemming hemmed
If you hem something, you form a hem along its edge.

- Hem the lower edges and hand stitch the facing along the hem edge.

- Each dress is hemmed and scrupulously checked for imperfections.

VB

hem

noun

1.

edge

border

fringe

margin

trimming

verb

hem in

2.

surround

beset

circumscribe

confine

enclose

restrict

shut in

hem in *

1. hem in hems in; hemming in; hemmed in
If a place is hemmed in by mountains or by other places, it is surrounded by them.

- Manchester is hemmed in by greenbelt countryside and by housing and industrial areas.

- The brick path to the door was hemmed in on either side by tall, unkempt boxwood hedges.

PHR-V: usu passive

2. hem in hems in; hemming in; hemmed in
If someone is hemmed in or if someone hems them in , they are prevented from moving or changing, for example because they are surrounded by people or obstacles.

- The company's competitors complain that they are hemmed in by rigid, legal contracts.

PHR-V

he-man

[D.J.:ˈhi:ˈmæn]

[K.K.:ˈhiˈmæn]

n.

颇有男性气概的男人

he-man

he-man he-men
A he-man is a strong and very masculine man. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

hemisphere

[D.J.:ˈhemiˌsfiə]

[K.K.:ˈhɛmɪˌsfɪr]

n.

半球

地球的半球

hemisphere *

1. hemisphere hemispheres
A hemisphere is one half of the earth.

- ...the depletion of the ozone layer in the northern hemisphere.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

2. hemisphere hemispheres
A hemisphere is one half of the brain.

- In most people, the left hemisphere is bigger than the right.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

hemline

[D.J.:ˈhemlain]

[K.K.:ˈhɛmˌlaɪn]

n.

底缘,底边

hemline

hemline hemlines
The hemline of a dress or skirt is its lower edge; sometimes used to refer to how long the dress or skirt is.

- Mickey favoured tight skirts with a hemline at the knee.

N-COUNT

hemlock

[D.J.:ˈhemlɔk]

[K.K.:ˈhɛmˌlɑk]

n.

由毒芹提取的毒药

hemlock

hemlock
Hemlock is a poisonous plant.
N-UNCOUNT

hemp

[D.J.:hemp]

n.

大麻

hemp palm

<植>棕榈

hemp *

hemp
Hemp is a plant used for making rope or the drug marijuana.
N-UNCOUNT

hen

[D.J.:hen]

[K.K.:hɛn]

n.

母鸡

雌禽

hen **

1. hen hens
A hen is a female chicken. People often keep hens in order to eat or sell their eggs.
N-COUNT

2. hen hens
The female of any bird can be referred to as a hen .

- ...ostrich hens.

N-COUNT

hence

[D.J.:hens]

[K.K.:hɛns]

adv.

从此时起, 从此处

因此, 所以

hence **

1. hence
You use hence to indicate that the statement you are about to make is a consequence of what you have just said. (FORMAL)

- The trade imbalance is likely to rise again in 1990. Hence a new set of policy actions will be required soon.

- Whatever is hidden is harmful (hence revelation equals security).

- European music happens to use a scale of eight notes, hence the use of the term octave.

- The Socialist Party was profoundly divided and hence very weak.

ADV: ADV cl/group
= therefore thus

2. hence
You use hence in expressions such as ` several years hence ' or ` six months hence ' to refer to a time in the future, especially a long time in the future. (FORMAL)

- The gases that may be warming the planet will have their main effect many years hence.

- ...the much larger peacekeeping force that is meant to be fully deployed five months hence.

ADV: amount ADV

hence

conjunction

therefore

ergo

for this reason

on that account

thus

henceforth

[D.J.:ˈhensˈfɔ:θ]

[K.K.:ˈhɛnsˌfɔrθ]

adv.

从今以后, 从此以后

henceforth *

henceforth
Henceforth means from this time onwards. (FORMAL)

- Henceforth, parties which fail to get 5% of the vote will not be represented in parliament.

- We were finally released with a formal warning that we were henceforth barred from the base.

ADV: ADV with cl
= henceforward from now on

henceforward

[D.J.:hentsˈfɔ:wəd]

[K.K.:hɛnsˈfɔrwəd]

adv.

从今以后,自此以后

henceforward

henceforward
Henceforward means from this time on. (FORMAL)

- Henceforward France and Britain had a common interest.

- He announced that it would henceforward be the custom to give him five rands each time a cow was slaughtered.

ADV: ADV with cl
= henceforth from now on

henchman

[D.J.:ˈhentʃmən]

[K.K.:ˈhɛntʃmən]

n.

<贬>心腹,党羽,喽啰

henchman

henchman henchmen
If you refer to someone as another person's henchman , you mean that they work for or support the other person, especially by doing unpleasant, violent, or dishonest things on their behalf.
N-COUNT: usu poss N disapproval
= heavy

henchman

noun

attendant

associate

bodyguard

follower

minder slang

right-hand man

sidekick slang

subordinate

supporter

henhouse

[ˈhenhaus]

n.

鸡舍

henhouse

henhouse henhouses
A henhouse is a special building where hens are kept.
N-COUNT

henna

[D.J.:ˈhenə]

[K.K.:ˈhɛnə]

n.

指甲花,红褐色,指甲花染料

henna

henna
Henna is a reddish-brown dye that is made from the leaves of a shrub. It is used especially for colouring hair or skin.
N-UNCOUNT

hen night

hen night hen nights
A hen night is a party for a woman who is getting married very soon, to which only women are invited. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

hen party

hen party hen parties
A hen party is a party to which only women are invited. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

hen-pecked

hen-pecked
You use hen-pecked to describe a man when you disapprove of the fact that his wife, or another woman, is always telling him what to do or telling him that he has done something wrong. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also henpecked . disapproval

hepatitis

[D.J.:ˌhepəˈtaɪtɪs]

[K.K.:ˌhɛpəˈtaɪtɪs]

n.

肝炎

hepatitis *

hepatitis
Hepatitis is a serious disease which affects the liver.
N-UNCOUNT

heptathlon

[D.J.:hepˈtæθlən, -ˌlɔn]

[K.K.:hɛpˈtæθlən, -ˌlɑn]

n.

七项全能

heptathlon

heptathlon heptathlons
The heptathlon is an athletics competition for women in which each athlete competes in seven different events.
N-COUNT

her

[D.J.:hə:]

[K.K.:hɚ, ɚ,hɚr]

pron.

(she的宾格)她

(she的所有格)她的

her *****

( Her is a third person singular pronoun. Her is used as the object of a verb or a preposition. Her is also a possessive determiner.)

1. her
You use her to refer to a woman, girl, or female animal.

- I went in the room and told her I had something to say to her.

- Catherine could not give her the advice she most needed.

- I really thought I'd lost her. Everybody kept asking me, `Have you found your cat?'

PRON-SING: v PRON, prep PRON

2. her
Also a possessive determiner.

- Liz travelled round the world for a year with her boyfriend James.

- We admire her courage, compassion and dedication.

- ...a black dog, her hair erect along the centre of her back.

DET-POSS

3. her
In written English, her is sometimes used to refer to a person without saying whether that person is a man or a woman. Some people dislike this use and prefer to use `him or her' or `them'.

- Talk to your baby, play games, and show her how much you enjoy her company.

PRON-SING: v PRON, prep PRON

4. her
Also a possessive determiner.

- The non-drinking, non smoking model should do nothing to risk her reputation.

DET-POSS

5. her
Her is sometimes used to refer to a country or nation. (FORMAL or WRITTEN)
PRON-SING: v PRON, prep PRON

6. her
Also a possessive determiner.

- Our reporter looks at reactions to Britain's apparently deep-rooted distrust of her EC partner.

DET-POSS

7. her
People sometimes use her to refer to a car, machine, or ship.

- Kemp got out of his car. `Just fill her up, thanks.'

PRON-SING: v PRON, prep PRON

8. her
Also a possessive determiner.

- This dramatic photograph was taken from Carpathia's deck by one of her passengers.

DET-POSS

herald

[D.J.:ˈherəld]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrəld]

n.

使者, 预报者

vi.

预示

herald **

1. herald heralds heralding heralded
Something that heralds a future event or situation is a sign that it is going to happen or appear. (FORMAL)

- ...the sultry evening that heralded the end of the baking hot summer...

- Their discovery could herald a cure for some forms of impotence.

VB

2. herald heralds
Something that is a herald of a future event or situation is a sign that it is going to happen or appear. (FORMAL)

- I welcome the report as a herald of more freedom, not less.

- For her, it was the herald of summer.

N-COUNT: N of n

3. herald heralds heralding heralded
If an important event or action is heralded by people, announcements are made about it so that it is publicly known and expected. (FORMAL)

- Janet Jackson's new album has been heralded by a massive media campaign.

- Tonight's clash between Real Madrid and Arsenal is being heralded as the match of the season.

VB: usu passive

4. herald heralds
In former times, a herald was a person who delivered and announced important messages.
N-COUNT
= messenger

herald

noun

1.

messenger

crier

2.

forerunner

harbinger

indication

omen

precursor

sign

signal

token

verb

3.

indicate

foretoken

portend

presage

promise

show

usher in

heraldic

[D.J.:heˈrældik]

[K.K.:həˈrældɪk]

adj.

纹章学的,纹章的,传令官的

heraldic

heraldic
Heraldic means relating to heraldry.

- ...religious and heraldic symbols.

ADJ: ADJ n

heraldry

[D.J.:ˈherəldri]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrəldri]

n.

纹章,纹章学

heraldry

heraldry
Heraldry is the study of coats of arms and of the history of the families who are entitled to have them.
N-UNCOUNT

herb

[D.J.:hə:b]

[K.K.:ɚb, hɚb]

n.

草本植物

药草, 香草

herb **

herb herbs
A herb is a plant whose leaves are used in cooking to add flavour to food, or as a medicine.
N-COUNT

herbaceous

[D.J.:hɜ:ˈbeɪʃəs, ɜ:-]

[K.K.:hə..ˈbeʃəs, ə..-]

adj.

草本的

herbaceous *

herbaceous
Herbaceous plants have green stems, not hard, woody stems.
ADJ: ADJ n

herbaceous border

herbaceous border herbaceous borders
A herbaceous border is a flower bed containing a mixture of plants that flower every year. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

herbal

[D.J.:ˈɜ:bəl, ˈhɜ:-]

[K.K.:ˈə..bəl, ˈhə..-]

adj.

药草的

herbal *

1. herbal
Herbal means made from or using herbs.

- ...herbal teas.

- ...herbal remedies for colds.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. herbal herbals
A herbal is a book which describes herbs or other plants, and their uses as medicines or in cooking.
N-COUNT

herbalism

[D.J.:ˈhə:bəlizəm]

[K.K.:ˈɚrbəˌlɪzəm, ˈhɚr-]

n.

草药医术学

herbalism

herbalism
Herbalism is the practice of using herbs to treat illnesses.
N-UNCOUNT

herbalist

[D.J.:ˈɜ:bəlɪst, ˈhɜ:-]

[K.K.:ˈə..bəlɪst, ˈhə..-]

n.

种草药的人;草药商;草药医生

herbalist

herbalist herbalists
A herbalist is a person who grows or sells herbs that are used in medicine.
N-COUNT

herbicide

[D.J.:ˈhɜ:bɪˌsaɪd, ˈɜ:-]

[K.K.:ˈhə..bɪˌsaɪd, ˈə..-]

n.

灭草剂

herbicide *

herbicide herbicides
A herbicide is a chemical that is used to destroy plants, especially weeds.
N-MASS

herbivore

[D.J.:ˈhɜ:bəˌvɔ:, -ˌvəʊr, ˈɜ:-]

[K.K.:ˈhə..bəˌvɔr, -ˌvor, ˈə..-]

n.

食草动物

herbivore

herbivore herbivores
A herbivore is an animal that only eats plants.
N-COUNT

herculean

[D.J.:ˌhɜ:kjəˈli:ən, hɜ:ˈkju:li:-]

[K.K.:ˌhə..kjəˈliən, hə..ˈkjuli-]

adj.

(H-)赫拉克勒斯的

力大无比的;骁勇无比的

艰巨的;费力的

herculean

herculean
A herculean task or ability is one that requires extremely great strength or effort. (LITERARY)

- Finding a lawyer may seem like a Herculean task if you live in a big city because there are so many of them.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also Herculean .
= formidable

herd

[D.J.:hə:d]

[K.K.:hɚd]

n.

兽群, 牧群

人群, 群众

vt. & vi.

群集, 纠结

vt.

放牧

herding

集中畜群

herd **

1. herd herds
A herd is a large group of animals of one kind that live together.

- Chobe is also renowned for its large herds of elephant and buffalo.

- ...dairy herds.

N-COUNT: oft n N, N of n

2. herd
If you say that someone has joined the herd or follows the herd , you are criticizing them because you think that they behave just like everyone else and do not think for themselves.

- They are individuals; they will not follow the herd.

N-SING: the N disapproval
= pack

3. herd herds herding herded
If you herd people somewhere, you make them move there in a group.

- He began to herd the prisoners out.

- The group was herded into a bus.

VB
= shepherd

4. herd herds herding herded
If you herd animals, you make them move along as a group.

- Stefano used a motor cycle to herd the sheep.

- A boy herded half a dozen camels down towards the water trough.

VB

herd

noun

1.

multitude

collection

crowd

drove

flock

horde

mass

mob

swarm

throng

verb

2.

congregate

assemble

collect

flock

gather

huddle

muster

rally

herdsman

[D.J.:ˈhɜ:dzmən]

[K.K.:ˈhə..dzmən]

n.

牧人

herdsman

herdsman herdsmen
A herdsman is a man who looks after a herd of animals such as cattle or goats.
N-COUNT

here

[D.J.:hiə]

[K.K.:ˈhɪri]

adv.

在这里, 向这里, 到这里

这时, 现在

在这一点上

here *****

1. here
You use here when you are referring to the place where you are.

- I'm here all by myself and I know I'm going to get lost.

- Well, I can't stand here chatting all day.

- ...the growing number of skiers that come here...

- Sheila was in here a minute ago.

- My name is Roseanne and I'm in here for heroin addiction.

- I'm not going to stay here. I'm out of here, back down to San Diego.

- When Mommy comes, just tell her I'm up here.

ADV: be ADV, ADV after v, prep ADV
≠ there

2. here
You use here when you are pointing towards a place that is near you, in order to draw someone else's attention to it.

- ...if you will just sign here...

- Come and sit here, Lauren.

- `From there, pulling a line to here,' he said, making invisible drawings in the air.

- `It's on the right-hand side of the shopping centre.' --- `Okay. Fine.' --- `Oh it's here.'

ADV: ADV after v, prep ADV, be ADV

3. here
You use here in order to indicate that the person or thing that you are talking about is near you or is being held by you.

- My friend here writes for radio.

- I have here at my side Mr. Glenn Williams.

- I have a little book here by a lady called Mystic Meg.

ADV: n ADV, ADV after v

4. here
You use here to refer to people in general and their life on Earth.

- ...where we have come from, where we are going to, or what our purpose here is, if any...

- Who are we? What are we doing here?

ADV: n ADV, ADV after v

5. here
If you say that you are here to do something, that is your role or function.

- I'm here to help you.

- I'm not here to listen to your complaints.

ADV: be ADV to-inf

6. here
You use here in order to draw attention to something or someone who has just arrived in the place where you are, or to draw attention to the place you have just arrived at.

- `Here's the taxi,' she said politely.

- `Mr Cummings is here,' she said, holding the door open.

- Here comes your husband.

- `Okay, here we are,' she said, and inserted her key in the lock.

- Here's my apartment.

ADV: ADV with be , ADV before v

7. here
You use here to refer to a particular point or stage of a situation or subject that you have come to or that you are dealing with.

- Both sides will have to sell the agreement to their people. It's here that the real test will come.

- It's here that we come up against the difference of approach.

- The book goes into recent work in greater detail than I have attempted here.

- Here I think it is appropriate to draw your attention to one very specific feature of socialism.

ADV: it v-link ADV that, ADV with v, ADV with cl

8. here
You use here to refer to a period of time, a situation, or an event that is present or happening now.

- Here comes the summer.

- Economic recovery is here.

- Here is your opportunity to acquire a luxurious one bedroom home.

ADV: ADV before v, ADV with be

9. here
You use here at the beginning of a sentence in order to draw attention to something or to introduce something.

- From Nairobi here's our East Africa correspondent, Colin Blane.

- Here is a summer soup that is almost a meal in itself.

- Now here's what I want you to do.

- So here's what I think.

ADV: ADV be n/wh

10. here
You use here when you are offering or giving something to someone.

- You know you can phone me -- here's my mother's number.

- Here's your coffee, just the way you like it.

- Here's my card. You know where to find me.

- Here's some letters I want you to sign.

- Here's your cash.

ADV: ADV be n

11. here
You say ` here we are ' or ` here you are ' when the statement that you are making about someone's character or situation is unexpected.

- Here you are, saying these terrible things.

- Here we are, pretending we're winning.

PHR: V inflects, PHR with cl

12. here
You say ` here we are ' when you have just found something that you have been looking for.

- I rummaged through the drawers and came up with Amanda's folder. `Here we are.'

CONVENTION

13. here
You say ` here goes ' when you are about to do or say something difficult or unpleasant.

- Dr Culver nervously muttered `Here goes,' and gave the little girl an injection.

CONVENTION

14. here
You use expressions such as ` here we go ' and ` here we go again ' in order to indicate that something is happening again in the way that you expected, especially something unpleasant. (INFORMAL)

- `Police! Open up!' --- `Oh well,' I thought, `here we go.'.

- At first, he was told he was too young and I thought, `Oh, boy, here we go again.'.

- Here I go again, confusing the issue.

PHR

15. here
You use here and now to emphasize that something is happening at the present time, rather than in the future or past, or that you would like it to happen at the present time.

- I'm a practicing physician trying to help people here and now.

- Instead of staying in the here and now, you bring up similar instances from the past.

PHR emphasis

16. here
If something happens here and there , it happens in several different places.

- I do a bit of teaching here and there.

- He could only understand a word here and there.

PHR: PHR with cl, PHR after v

17. here
You use expressions such as ` here's to us ' and ` here's to your new job ' before drinking a toast in order to wish someone success or happiness.

- He raised his glass. `Here's to neighbors.'.

- Tony smiled and lifted his glass. `Here's to you, Amy.'

CONVENTION formulae

hereabouts

[ˈhiərəˌbauts]

adv.

在这附近

hereabouts

hereabouts
You use hereabouts to indicate that you are talking about something near you or in the same area as you.

- It's a bit chilly and empty hereabouts.

- The mountains hereabouts reach heights of over 2000 metres.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV
= here

hereafter

[D.J.:hiərˈɑ:ftə]

[K.K.:hɪrˈæftɚ]

adv.

今后,从此以后

hereafter

1. hereafter
Hereafter means from this time onwards. (FORMAL, WRITTEN)

- My new plan seems admirable -- hereafter for three years my name will not appear at all.

ADV: ADV with cl
= henceforth from now on

2. hereafter
In legal documents and in written English, hereafter is used to introduce information about an abbreviation that will be used in the rest of the text to refer to the person or thing just mentioned.

- Michel Foucault (1972), The Archaeology of Knowledge; hereafter this text will be abbreviated as AK.

ADV: ADV with cl

3. hereafter
The hereafter is sometimes used to refer to the time after you have died, or to the life which some people believe you have after you have died.

- ...belief in the hereafter.

N-SING: usu the N

4. hereafter
Also an adverb.

- He had a sense of mission in both the temporal world and in the life hereafter.

- Its message is that what a man does in this life has a bearing on what happens to him hereafter.

ADV: n ADV, ADV with cl

hereafter

adverb

1.

in future

from now on

hence

henceforth

henceforward

noun

2.

afterlife

life after death

next world

hereby

[D.J.:hɪəˈbaɪ]

[K.K.:hɪrˈbaɪ]

adv.

以此方式;特此

hereby

hereby
You use hereby when officially or formally saying what you are doing. (FORMAL)

- I hereby sentence you for life after all the charges against you have been proven true.

- You are hereby appointed Sub-Lieutenant RNVR of HMS Tartar.

- I am offended that your entertainment expert should make such a mistake and hereby request a formal apology.

ADV: ADV before v

hereditary

[D.J.:hiˈreditəri]

[K.K.:həˈrɛdɪˌtɛri]

adj.

(生物学中)遗传的

世袭的; 承袭的

hereditary *

1. hereditary
A hereditary characteristic or illness is passed on to a child from its parents before it is born.

- Cystic fibrosis is the commonest fatal hereditary disease.

- In men, hair loss is hereditary.

ADJ

2. hereditary
A title or position in society that is hereditary is one that is passed on as a right from parent to child.

- ...the position of the head of state is hereditary...

- British Prime Ministers are traditionally offered hereditary peerages.

ADJ

hereditary

adjective

1.

genetic

inborn

inbred

inheritable

transmissible

2.

inherited

ancestral

traditional

heredity

[D.J.:həˈredɪti:]

[K.K.:həˈrɛdɪti]

n.

遗传

heredity

heredity
Heredity is the process by which features and characteristics are passed on from parents to their children before the children are born.

- Heredity is not a factor in causing the cancer.

N-UNCOUNT

heredity

noun

genetics

constitution

genetic make-up

inheritance

herein

[D.J.:ˈhiəˈin]

[K.K.:hɪrˈɪn]

adv.

此中; 于此

herein

1. herein
Herein means in this document, text, or book. (FORMAL, WRITTEN)

- The statements and views expressed herein are those of the author and are not necessarily those of the Wilson Centre.

- The argument contained herein takes exactly the opposite point of view.

- Most of the experiences herein concern cancer.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV

2. herein
You can use herein to refer back to the situation or fact you have just mentioned, when saying it is something such as a problem or reason for something. (FORMAL, WRITTEN)

- The point is that people grew unaccustomed to thinking and acting in a responsible and independent way. Herein lies another big problem.

ADV: ADV cl
= here

heresy

[D.J.:ˈherɪsi:]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrɪsi]

n.

异端邪说;异教

heresy *

1. heresy heresies
Heresy is a belief or action that most people think is wrong, because it disagrees with beliefs that are generally accepted.

- It might be considered heresy to suggest such a notion.

N-VAR

2. heresy heresies
Heresy is a belief or action which seriously disagrees with the principles of a particular religion.

- He said it was a heresy to suggest that women should not conduct services.

N-VAR

heresy

noun

dissidence

apostasy

heterodoxy

iconoclasm

unorthodoxy

heretic

[D.J.:ˈherɪtɪk]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrɪtɪk]

n.

持异端者

heretic

1. heretic heretics
A heretic is someone whose beliefs or actions are considered wrong by most people, because they disagree with beliefs that are generally accepted.

- He was considered a heretic and was ridiculed and ostracized for his ideas.

N-COUNT

2. heretic heretics
A heretic is a person who belongs to a particular religion, but whose beliefs or actions seriously disagree with the principles of that religion.

- Thousands of heretics were burned at the stake.

N-COUNT

heretic

noun

dissident

apostate

dissenter

nonconformist

renegade

revisionist

heretical

[D.J.:həˈretɪkəl]

[K.K.:həˈrɛtɪkəl]

adj.

异教的;异端的

heretical

1. heretical
A belief or action that is heretical is one that most people think is wrong because it disagrees with beliefs that are generally accepted.

- I made the then heretical suggestion that it might be cheaper to design new machines.

ADJ

2. heretical
A belief or action that is heretical is one that seriously disagrees with the principles of a particular religion.

- The Church regards spirit mediums and people claiming to speak to the dead as heretical.

ADJ

heretical

adjective

unorthodox

heterodox

iconoclastic

idolatrous

impious

revisionist

heretofore

[D.J.:ˈhɪətəˌfɔ:, -ˌfəʊr]

[K.K.:ˈhɪrtəˌfɔr, -ˌfor]

adv.

在此以前

heretofore

heretofore
Heretofore means `before this time' or `up to now'. (mainly AM, FORMAL)

- They reported that clouds are an important and heretofore uninvestigated contributor to the climate.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj, ADV with cl
= hitherto previously

herewith

[D.J.:hɪəˈwɪθ, -ˈwɪð]

[K.K.:hɪrˈwɪθ, -ˈwɪð]

adv.

<书>随同此信〔书、文件〕

herewith

herewith
Herewith means with this document, text, or book. You can use herewith in a letter to say that you are enclosing something with it. (FORMAL, WRITTEN)

- We demand that by 9 a.m. the regime free the 236 revolutionary prisoners whose names are listed herewith.

- I return herewith your papers.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also n ADV, ADV n, ADV with cl

heritage

[D.J.:ˈheritidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrɪtɪdʒ]

n.

遗产, 继承物

传统

heritage **

heritage heritages
A country's heritage is all the qualities, traditions, or features of life there that have continued over many years and have been passed on from one generation to another.

- The historic building is as much part of our heritage as the paintings.

- ...the rich heritage of Russian folk music.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft poss N

heritage

noun

inheritance

bequest

birthright

endowment

legacy

tradition

hermaphrodite

[D.J.:hə:ˈmæfrədait]

[K.K.:hɚˈmæfrəˌdaɪt]

n.

〈动〉两性体; 雌雄同体

hermaphrodite

hermaphrodite hermaphrodites
A hermaphrodite is a person, animal, or flower that has both male and female reproductive organs.
N-COUNT

hermetic

[D.J.:həˈmetɪk]

[K.K.:hɚˈmɛtɪk]

adj.

密封的

炼金术的

神秘的;深奥的,不易理解的

hermetically

[hə:ˈmetikəli]

adv.

密封地,炼金术地

hermetic *

1. hermetic
If a container has a hermetic seal, the seal is very tight so that no air can get in or out. (TECHNICAL)

- This would permit air to enter, breaking the hermetic seal of the jar.

ADJ: ADJ n
= airtight

2. hermetically

- The batteries are designed to be leak-proof and hermetically sealed.

ADV: ADV -ed, ADV after v

3. hermetic
You use hermetic to describe something which you disapprove of because it seems to be totally separate from other people and things in society. (WRITTEN)

- Its film industry operates in its own curiously hermetic way.

- Their work is more cosily hermetic than ever.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

hermit

[D.J.:ˈhə:mit]

[K.K.:ˈhɚmɪt]

n.

(尤指早期基督教的)隐居修道士; 隐士; 遁世者

hermit *

hermit hermits
A hermit is a person who lives alone, away from people and society.
N-COUNT

hermit

noun

recluse

anchorite

eremite

loner informal

monk

hernia

[D.J.:ˈhə:njə]

[K.K.:ˈhɚniə]

n.

〈医〉疝; 突出

hernia *

hernia hernias
A hernia is a medical condition which is often caused by strain or injury. It results in one of your internal organs sticking through a weak point in the surrounding tissue.
N-VAR

hero

[D.J.:ˈhiərəu]

[K.K.:ˈhɪro]

n.

英雄

男主角, 男主人公

hero ***

1. hero heroes
The hero of a book, play, film, or story is the main male character, who usually has good qualities.

- The hero of Doctor Zhivago dies in 1929.

- ...the author's decision to make his hero a photographer.

N-COUNT
= protagonist ≠ villain

2. hero heroes
A hero is someone, especially a man, who has done something brave, new, or good, and who is therefore greatly admired by a lot of people.

- He called Mr Mandela a hero who had inspired millions.

- ...the goalscoring hero of the British hockey team...

- They think you're some sort of hero.

N-COUNT

3. hero heroes
If you describe someone as your hero you mean that you admire them a great deal, usually because of a particular quality or skill that they have.

- My boyhood hero was Bobby Charlton.

- No matter, he remained the hero of the crowds.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with poss
= idol

hero

noun

1.

idol

champion

conqueror

star

superstar

victor

2.

leading man

protagonist

heroic

[D.J.:hiˈrəuik]

[K.K.:hɪˈroɪk]

adj.

有英雄气概的, 英雄的, 英勇的

heroically

[D.J.:hɪˈrəʊɪklɪ]

[K.K.:hɪˈroɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

英雄地；英勇地；勇敢地

超人地

庞大地

史诗地

冒险地

heroics

[D.J.:hɪˈrəʊɪks]

[K.K.:hɪˈroɪks]

n.

(常指哗众取宠的)英雄辞令;(炫耀性的)豪壮行为

英雄诗体

heroic **

1. heroic
If you describe a person or their actions as heroic , you admire them because they show extreme bravery.

- The heroic sergeant risked his life to rescue 29 fishermen from their blazing trawler.

- His heroic deeds were celebrated in every corner of India.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= courageous

2. heroically

- He had acted heroically during the liner's evacuation.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. heroic
If you describe an action or event as heroic , you admire it because it involves great effort or determination to succeed.

- The company has made heroic efforts at cost reduction.

- He finally faltered in the last game of a heroic match.

- Their dogged single-mindedness is almost heroic.

ADJ-GRADED approval

4. heroically

- Single parents cope heroically in doing the job of two people.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

5. heroic
Heroic means being or relating to the hero of a story.

- ...the book's central, heroic figure.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

6. heroic heroics
Heroics are actions involving bravery, courage, or determination.

- ...the man whose aerial heroics helped save the helicopter pilot...

- England need heroics from the captain now.

N-PLURAL

7. heroic heroics
If you describe someone's actions or plans as heroics , you think that they are foolish or dangerous because they are too difficult or brave for the situation in which they occur. (SPOKEN)

- He said his advice was: `No heroics, stay within the law'.

- Cut it out, Perry. You've performed your heroics. It's all over now.

N-PLURAL: usu with brd-neg disapproval

heroic

adjective

courageous

brave

daring

fearless

gallant

intrepid

lion-hearted

valiant

heroin

[D.J.:ˈherəʊɪn]

[K.K.:ˈhɛroɪn]

n.

海洛因

heroin **

heroin
Heroin is a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to.
N-UNCOUNT

heroine

[D.J.:ˈherəuin]

[K.K.:ˈhɛroɪn]

n.

女英雄, 女主角

heroine **

1. heroine heroines
The heroine of a book, play, film, or story is the main female character, who usually has good qualities.

- The heroine is a senior TV executive.

N-COUNT
= protagonist ≠ villain

2. heroine heroines
A heroine is a woman who has done something brave, new, or good, and who is therefore greatly admired by a lot of people.

- The national heroine of the day was Xing Fen, winner of the first Gold medal of the Games.

N-COUNT

3. heroine heroines
If you describe a woman as your heroine , you mean that you admire her greatly, usually because of a particular quality or skill that she has.

- My heroine was Elizabeth Taylor.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with poss
= idol

heroine

noun

leading lady

diva

prima donna

protagonist

heroism

[D.J.:ˈherəʊˌɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈhɛroˌɪzəm]

n.

英雄行为;英勇精神

heroism *

heroism
Heroism is great courage and bravery.

- ...individual acts of heroism.

N-UNCOUNT

heroism

noun

bravery

courage

courageousness

fearlessness

gallantry

intrepidity

spirit

valour

heron

[D.J.:ˈherən]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrən]

n.

〈动〉鹭

heron

heron herons
A heron is a large bird which has long legs and a long beak, and which eats fish.
N-COUNT

hero-worship

[D.J.:ˈhɪərəʊˌwɜ:ʃɪp]

[K.K.:ˈhɪroˌwɚʃɪp]

vt.

把…当英雄崇拜

hero-worship

1. hero-worship
Hero-worship is a very great admiration of someone and a belief that they are special or perfect.

- Singer Brett Anderson inspires old-fashioned hero-worship.

N-UNCOUNT The noun is also spelled hero worship

2. hero-worship hero-worships hero-worshipping hero-worshipped
If you hero-worship someone, you admire them a great deal and think they are special or perfect.

- He was amused by the way younger actors started to hero-worship and copy him.

VB

herpes

[D.J.:ˈhə:pi:z]

[K.K.:ˈhɚpiz]

n.

〈医〉疱疹

herpes *

herpes
Herpes is a disease which causes painful red spots to appear on the skin.
N-UNCOUNT

herring

[D.J.:ˈherɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrɪŋ]

n.

鲱鱼

a red herring

转移注意力的话题

herring *

1. herring
A herring is a long silver-coloured fish. Herring live in large groups in the sea.
N-VAR The plural can be either herring or herrings

2. herring
Herring is a piece of this fish eaten as food.
N-UNCOUNT The plural can be either herring or herrings
See also red herring .

herringbone

[D.J.:ˈheriŋbəun]

[K.K.:ˈhɛrɪŋˌbon]

n.

鲱鱼鱼骨,交叉缝式,人字形

adj.

箭尾形的

v.

(使)成箭尾形

herringbone

herringbone
Herringbone is a pattern used in fabrics or brickwork which looks like parallel rows of zigzag lines.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

hers

[D.J.:hə:z]

[K.K.:hɚz]

pron.

(she的物主代词)她的东西

hers **

( Hers is a third person possessive pronoun.)

1. hers
You use hers to indicate that something belongs or relates to a woman, girl, or female animal.

- His hand as it shook hers was warm and firm.

- He'd never seen eyes as green as hers.

- Professor Camm was a great friend of hers.

- Hers was the suggestion I acted upon.

PRON-POSS

2. hers
In written English, hers is sometimes used to refer to a person without saying whether that person is a man or a woman. Some people dislike this use and prefer to use `his or hers' or `theirs'.

- The author can report other people's results which more or less agree with hers.

PRON-POSS

3. hers
Hers is sometimes used to refer to a country or nation. (FORMAL or WRITTEN)
PRON-POSS

4. hers
People sometimes use hers to refer to a car, machine, or ship. (INFORMAL)
PRON-POSS

herself

[D.J.:hə:ˈself]

[K.K.:hɚˈsɛlf]

pron.

(反身代词) 她自己

(用以加强语气)她亲自, 她本人

herself *****

( Herself is a third person singular reflexive pronoun. Herself is used when the object of a verb or preposition refers to the same person as the subject of the verb, except in meaning 5.)

1. herself
You use herself to refer to a woman, girl, or female animal.

- She let herself out of the room.

- Jennifer believes she will move out on her own when she is financially able to support herself.

- Robin didn't feel good about herself.

PRON-REFL: v PRON, prep PRON

2. herself
In written English, herself is sometimes used to refer to a person without saying whether that person is a man or a woman. Some people dislike this use and prefer to use `himself or herself' or `themselves'.

- How can anyone believe stories for which she feels herself to be in no way responsible?

PRON-REFL

3. herself
Herself is sometimes used to refer to a country or nation. (FORMAL or WRITTEN)

- Britain's dream of herself began to fade.

PRON-REFL

4. herself
People sometimes use herself to refer to a car, machine, or ship.

- The ship adjusted herself to the roll and rhythm of the sea.

PRON-REFL

5. herself
You use herself to emphasize the person or thing that you are referring to. Herself is sometimes used instead of `her' as the object of a verb or preposition.

- She's so beautiful herself.

- Has anyone thought of consulting Bethan herself?.

- She herself was not a keen gardener.

PRON-REFL-EMPH emphasis

he's

he's
He's is the usual spoken form of `he is' or `he has', especially when `has' is an auxiliary verb.

- He's working maybe twenty-five hours a week.

- From day one he's been a great asset to the company.

hesitance

[ˈhezitəns]

n.

踌躇,犹豫

hesitancy

[D.J.:ˈhezitənsi]

[K.K.:ˈhɛzɪtənsi]

n.

迟疑,踌躇

hesitant

[D.J.:ˈhezɪtənt]

[K.K.:ˈhɛzɪtənt]

adj.

犹豫的

hesitance

n.

hesitancy

n.

hesitantly

adv.

hesitantly

[D.J.:ˈhezətəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈh ɛzətəntlɪ]

adv.

迟疑地;踌躇地

hesitant *

1. hesitant
If you are hesitant about doing something, you do not do it quickly or immediately, usually because you are uncertain, embarrassed, or worried.

- She was hesitant about coming forward with her story.

- His advisers are rightfully hesitant to let the United States be sucked into the conflict.

- ...a quiet hesitant voice.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n, ADJ to-inf

2. hesitancy

- A trace of hesitancy showed in Dr. Stockton's eyes.

N-UNCOUNT
= reluctance

3. hesitantly

- `Would you do me a favour?' she asked hesitantly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

hesitant

adjective

uncertain

diffident

doubtful

half-hearted

halting

irresolute

reluctant

unsure

vacillating

wavering

hesitate

[D.J.:ˈheziteit]

[K.K.:ˈhɛzɪˌtet]

vi.

犹豫; 踌躇

vt.

不情愿; 对…犹豫

hesitating

adj.

犹豫的,踌躇的

hesitation

[D.J.:ˌhezɪˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌhɛzɪˈteʃən]

n.

犹豫, 踌躇, 不愿

犹豫(之事或行为)

hesitate **

1. hesitate hesitates hesitating hesitated
If you hesitate , you do not speak or act for a short time, usually because you are uncertain, embarrassed, or worried about what you are going to say or do.

- The telephone rang. Catherine hesitated, debating whether to answer it.

- She hesitated a long time and then she said `Yes'.

VB

2. hesitation hesitations

- Asked if he would go back, Mr Searle said after some hesitation, `I'll have to think about that'.

- Mirella approached him and, after a brief hesitation, shook his hand.

N-VAR

3. hesitate hesitates hesitating hesitated
If you hesitate to do something, you delay doing it or are unwilling to do it, usually because you are not certain it would be right. If you do not hesitate to do something, you do it immediately.

- Some parents hesitate to take these steps because they suspect that their child is exaggerating.

- I hesitated to apply the word `vulnerable' to him but it came into my mind.

- I will not hesitate to take unpopular decisions.

VB

4. hesitate hesitates hesitating hesitated
You can use hesitate in expressions such as ` don't hesitate to call me ' or ` don't hesitate to contact us ' when you are telling someone that they should do something as soon as it needs to be done and should not worry about disturbing other people.

- In the event of difficulties, please do not hesitate to contact our Customer Service Department.

- Please don't hesitate to tell either Mr Schrader or myself should you feel ill again.

- Do not hesitate to laugh at anything you find amusing.

VB: only imper, with neg

hesitation *

1. hesitation hesitations
Hesitation is an unwillingness to do something, or a delay in doing it, because you are uncertain, worried, or embarrassed about it.

- He promised there would be no more hesitations in pursuing reforms.

- ...the prime minister's hesitation to accept a ceasefire.

N-VAR: oft N in -ing
See also hesitate .

2. hesitation
If you say that you have no hesitation in doing something, you are emphasizing that you will do it immediately or willingly because you are certain that it is the right thing to do.

- The board said it had no hesitation in unanimously rejecting the offer.

- Some of us had careers, but we had no hesitation in giving them up to work alongside our wives.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR in -ing emphasis

3. hesitation
If you say that someone does something without hesitation , you are emphasizing that they do it immediately and willingly.

- The great majority of players would, of course, sign the contract without hesitation.

- The boy followed without hesitation.

PHR: usu PHR after v, PHR with cl emphasis

hesitate

verb

1.

waver

delay

dither chiefly Brit.

doubt

hum and haw

pause

vacillate

wait

2.

be reluctant

balk

be unwilling

demur

hang back

scruple

shrink from

think twice

hesitation

noun

1.

indecision

delay

doubt

hesitancy

irresolution

uncertainty

vacillation

2.

reluctance

misgiving(s)

qualm(s)

scruple(s)

unwillingness

hessian

[ˈhesiən]

n.

粗麻布

hessian

hessian
Hessian is a thick, rough fabric that is used for making sacks. (mainly BRIT; in AM use burlap )
N-UNCOUNT

heterodox

[D.J.:ˈhetərəˌdɔks]

[K.K.:ˈhɛtərəˌdɑks]

adj.

异端的

heterodox

heterodox
Heterodox beliefs, opinions, or ideas are different from the accepted or official ones. (FORMAL)
ADJ
= unorthodox

heterogeneous

heterogeneous
A heterogeneous group consists of many different types of things or people. (FORMAL)

- ...a rather heterogeneous collection of studies from diverse origins.

- ...the heterogeneous society of today.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= diverse ≠ homogeneous

heterosexual

[D.J.:ˌhetərəuˈseksjuəl]

[K.K.:ˌhɛtəroˈsɛkʃuəl]

adj.

〈心〉异性恋的

heterosexuality

[D.J.:ˌhetərəuˌseksjuˈæliti]

[K.K.:ˌhɛtəroˌsɛkʃuˈælɪti]

n.

异性恋,异性性欲,异性性行为

heterosexual **

1. heterosexual
A heterosexual relationship is a sexual relationship between a man and a woman.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. heterosexual
Someone who is heterosexual is sexually attracted to people of the opposite sex.
ADJ

3. heterosexual heterosexuals
Also a noun.

- In Denmark the age of consent is fifteen for both heterosexuals and homosexuals.

N-COUNT

4. heterosexuality

- ...a challenge to the assumption that heterosexuality was `normal'.

N-UNCOUNT

het up

het up
If you get het up about something, you get very excited, angry, or anxious about it. (INFORMAL)

- I used to get very het up about things.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n
= worked up

heuristic

[D.J.:hjuəˈristik]

[K.K.:hjʊˈrɪstɪk]

adj.

启发式的

heuristic

heuristic
A heuristic method of learning involves discovery and problem-solving, using reasoning and past experience. (TECHNICAL)
ADJ

hew

[D.J.:hju:]

[K.K.:hju]

vt.

(用斧、刀等)砍、劈

砍成;劈出;开辟

砍倒

vi.

砍,劈

<美>坚持,遵守

hewn

[D.J.:ˈhju:n]

[K.K.:hjun]

hew的过去分词

hew

1. hew hews hewing hewn
If you hew stone or wood, you cut it, for example with an axe. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He felled, peeled and hewed his own timber.

VB The past participle can be either hewed or hewn
= chop

2. hew hews hewing hewn
If something is hewn from stone or wood, it is cut from stone or wood. (OLD-FASHIONED, LITERARY)

- ...the rock from which the lower chambers and subterranean passageways have been hewn.

- ...medieval monasteries hewn out of the rockface.

VB: usu passive The past participle can be either hewed or hewn
= cut

hew

verb

1.

cut

axe

chop

hack

lop

split

2.

carve

fashion

form

make

model

sculpt

sculpture

shape

smooth

hexagon

[D.J.:ˈheksəˌgɔn]

[K.K.:ˈhɛksəˌɡɑn]

n.

六边形;六角形

hexagons

六角钢

hexagon

hexagon hexagons
A hexagon is a shape that has six straight sides.
N-COUNT

hexagonal

[D.J.:hekˈsæɡənəl]

[K.K.:hɛkˈsæɡənəl]

adj.

六角形的,六边形的

hexagonal

hexagonal
A hexagonal object or shape has six straight sides.
ADJ

hey

[D.J.:heɪ]

[K.K.:he]

int.

(用以引起注意, 表示惊异或询问)嘿, 喂

hey presto

说变就变(表示完成某事如变戏法般迅速容易)

what the hey!

没关系；我不在乎

hey **

hey
In informal situations, you say or shout ` hey ' to attract someone's attention, or to show surprise, interest, or annoyance.

- `Hey! Look out!' shouted Patty.

- Hey, can I ask you a question?

CONVENTION feelings

heyday

[D.J.:ˈheɪˌdeɪ]

[K.K.:ˈheˌde]

n.

最成功,最繁荣,最强盛等的时期

heyday *

heyday
Someone's heyday is the time when they are most powerful, successful, or popular.

- In its heyday, the studio's boast was that it had more stars than there are in heaven.

N-SING: with poss

heyday

noun

prime

bloom

pink

prime of life

salad days

hi

[D.J.:hai]

[K.K.:haɪ]

int.

(用作问候语)嘿, 喂

hi ***

hi
In informal situations, you say ` hi ' to greet someone.

- `Hi, Liz' she said shyly.

CONVENTION formulae

hiatus

[D.J.:haɪˈeɪtəs]

[K.K.:haɪˈetəs]

n.

裂隙;缺漏;脱漏;间断

hiatus

hiatus
A hiatus is a pause in which nothing happens, or a gap where something is missing. (FORMAL)

- Diplomatic efforts to reach a settlement resume today after a two-week hiatus.

- There was an hiatus in his acting life.

N-SING: usu with supp, oft N in/of n

hiatus

noun

pause

break

discontinuity

gap

interruption

interval

respite

space

hibernate

[D.J.:ˈhaɪbəˌneɪt]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪbɚˌnet]

vi.

(某些动物)冬眠, 蛰伏

hibernate

hibernate hibernates hibernating hibernated
Animals that hibernate spend the winter in a state like a deep sleep.

- Dormice are nocturnal creatures and hibernate from October to May.

- Hibernating insects begin to move.

VB

hibiscus

[D.J.:haɪˈbɪskəs]

[K.K.:haɪˈbɪskəs]

n.

木槿;芙蓉

hibiscus

hibiscus
A hibiscus is a tropical bush that has large, brightly-coloured bell-shaped flowers.
N-VAR hibiscus is both the singular and the plural form

hiccup

[D.J.:ˈhɪkəp]

[K.K.:ˈhɪkəp]

n.

嗝,呃逆

连续地打嗝

暂时性的小问题;短暂的停顿

hiccup *

1. hiccup hiccups
You can refer to a small problem or difficulty as a hiccup , especially if it does not last very long or is easily put right.

- A recent sales hiccup is nothing to panic about.

- Despite the occasional hiccup, the US and Laos have had quite cordial relations.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft n N, N in n also hiccough .
= gltich

2. hiccup
When you have hiccups , you make repeated sharp sounds in your throat, often because you have been eating or drinking too quickly.

- A young baby may frequently get a bout of hiccups during or soon after a feed.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N also hiccough .

3. hiccup hiccups
A hiccup is a sound of the kind that you make when you have hiccups.
N-COUNT also hiccough .

4. hiccup hiccups hiccuping or hiccupping hiccuped or hiccupped
When you hiccup , you make repeated sharp sounds in your throat.

- She was still hiccuping from the egg she had swallowed whole.

VB also hiccough .

hick

[D.J.:hik]

[K.K.:hɪk]

n.

乡下人,土头土脑的人,反应迟钝的人

hick

hick hicks
If you refer to someone as a hick , you are saying in a rude way that you think they are uneducated and stupid because they come from the countryside. (INFORMAL)

- He is an obnoxious hick.

- ...a crummy little hick hotel.

N-COUNT: oft N n disapproval

hid

[D.J.:hid]

[K.K.:hɪd]

hide的过去式和过去分词

hidden

[D.J.:ˈhɪdn]

[K.K.:ˈhɪdn..]

adj.

难以发现的, 隐藏的

hide

[D.J.:haid]

[K.K.:haɪd]

vt. & vi.

隐藏

vt.

隐瞒, 掩盖

n.

兽皮, 皮革

〈口〉人的皮肤

〈口〉生命

hiding

[D.J.:ˈhaɪdɪŋ]

n.

躲藏

<口>打;鞭打

be on a hiding to nothing

毫无成功机会；无论如何也不会成功

hid

Hid is the past tense of hide .

hide ***

1. hide hides hiding hid hidden
If you hide something or someone, you put them in a place where they cannot easily be seen or found.

- He hid the bicycle in the hawthorn hedge.

- They could see that I was terrified, and hid me until the coast was clear.

VB
= conceal

2. hide hides hiding hid hidden
If you hide or if you hide yourself, you go somewhere where you cannot easily be seen or found.

- At their approach the little boy scurried and hid.

- They hid themselves behind a tree.

VB

3. hide hides hiding hid hidden
If you hide your face, you press your face against something or cover your face with something, so that people cannot see it.

- She hid her face under the collar of his jacket and she started to cry.

- He hid his face in his hands again, lost in his own thoughts.

VB

4. hide hides hiding hid hidden
If you hide what you feel or know, you keep it a secret, so that no one knows about it.

- Lee tried to hide his excitement.

- I have absolutely nothing to hide, I have done nothing wrong.

- Alison was not the sort of person to hide anything from her dad.

VB

5. hide hides hiding hid hidden
If something hides an object, it covers it and prevents it from being seen.

- The man's heavy moustache hid his upper lip completely.

- The compound was hidden by trees and shrubs.

VB

6. hide hides
A hide is a place which is built to look like its surroundings. Hides are used by people who want to watch or photograph animals and birds without being seen by them. (mainly BRIT; in AM use blind )
N-COUNT

7. hide hides
A hide is the skin of a large animal such as a cow, horse, or elephant, which can be used for making leather.

- ...the process of tanning animal hides.

- ...kangaroo hide.

N-VAR
= skin

hiding **

1. hiding
If someone is in hiding , they have secretly gone somewhere where they cannot be seen or found.

- Gray is thought to be in hiding near the France/Italy border.

- Hundreds of people are said to have gone into hiding to avoid arrest.

- The duchess is expected to come out of hiding to attend the ceremony.

N-UNCOUNT: prep N

2. hiding hidings
If you give someone a hiding , you punish them by hitting them many times. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= beating

3. hiding
If you say that someone who is trying to achieve something is on a hiding to nothing , you are emphasizing that they have absolutely no chance of being successful. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- As regards commercial survival, a car manufacturer capable of making only 50,000 cars a year is on a hiding to nothing.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

hidden

adjective

concealed

clandestine

covert

latent

secret

under wraps

unseen

veiled

hide

verb

1.

conceal

secrete

stash informal

2.

go into hiding

go to ground

go underground

hole up

lie low

take cover

3.

disguise

camouflage

cloak

conceal

cover

mask

obscure

shroud

veil

4.

suppress

draw a veil over

hush up

keep dark

keep secret

keep under one's hat

withhold

hide

noun

skin

pelt

hiding

noun

beating

drubbing

licking informal

spanking

thrashing

walloping informal

whipping

hidden **

1. Hidden is the past participle of hide .

2. hidden
Hidden facts, feelings, activities, or problems are not easy to notice or discover.

- Under all the innocent fun, there are hidden dangers, especially for children.

- The precise details of the origins of life remain hidden.

ADJ

3. hidden
A hidden place is difficult to find.

- As you descend, suddenly you see at last the hidden waterfall.

ADJ
= concealed

hidden agenda

hidden agenda hidden agendas
If you say that someone has a hidden agenda , you are criticizing them because you think they are secretly trying to achieve or cause a particular thing, while they appear to be doing something else.

- He accused foreign nations of having a hidden agenda to harm French influence.

- Is there a hidden agenda?

N-COUNT disapproval

hide-and-seek

[D.J.:ˈhaidənˈsi:k]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪdnˈsik]

n.

捉迷藏

hide-and-seek

hide-and-seek
Hide-and-seek is a children's game in which one player covers his or her eyes until the other players have hidden themselves, and then he or she tries to find them.
N-UNCOUNT

hideaway

[D.J.:ˈhaidəwei]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪdəˌwe]

n.

隐避处

hideaway

hideaway hideaways
A hideaway is a place where you go to hide or to get away from other people.

- The bandits fled to a remote mountain hideaway.

- ...the £3 million hideaway holiday home on the exclusive island of Mustique.

N-COUNT

hidebound

[D.J.:ˈhaɪdˌbaʊnd]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪdˌbaʊnd]

adj.

对新的思想、方法等格格不入的;守旧的;思想偏狭的

hidebound

hidebound
If you describe someone or something as hidebound , you are criticizing them for having old-fashioned ideas or ways of doing things and being unwilling or unlikely to change.

- The men are hidebound and reactionary.

- The economy was hidebound by public spending and private monopolies.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ by n disapproval

hidebound

adjective

conventional

narrow-minded

rigid

set in one's ways

strait-laced

ultraconservative

hideous

[D.J.:ˈhidiəs]

[K.K.:ˈhɪdiəs]

adj.

令人惊骇的; 极其丑陋的; 可怕的

hideous *

1. hideous
If you say that someone or something is hideous , you mean that they are very ugly or unattractive.

- She saw a hideous face at the window and screamed.

- ...hideous new Europe architecture, and horrible metal sculptures.

ADJ-GRADED
= monstrous horrible

2. hideous
You can describe an event, experience, or action as hideous when you mean that it is very unpleasant, painful, or difficult to bear.

- His family was subjected to a hideous attack by the gang.

- It's been a perfectly hideous day.

ADJ-GRADED
= horrendous

hideous

adjective

ugly

ghastly

grim

grisly

grotesque

gruesome

monstrous

repulsive

revolting

unsightly

hideously

[D.J.:ˈhɪdɪəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈhɪdɪəslɪ]

adv.

可怕地;非常讨厌地

hideously

1. hideously
You use hideously to emphasize that something is very ugly or unattractive.

- Everything is hideously ugly.

- He has been left hideously disfigured by plastic surgery.

ADV: usu ADV adj/-ed, also ADV after v emphasis

2. hideously
You can use hideously to emphasize that something is very unpleasant or unacceptable.

- ...a hideously complex program.

- ...a simple but undoubtedly hideously expensive black suit.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed emphasis
= horrendously

hideout

[D.J.:ˈhaɪdˌaʊt]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪdˌaʊt]

n.

隐匿处

hideout

hideout hideouts
A hideout is a place where someone goes secretly because they do not want anyone to find them, for example if they are running away from the police.
N-COUNT

hiding place *

hiding place hiding places
A hiding place is a place where someone or something can be hidden, or where they are hiding.
N-COUNT

hierarchical

[D.J.:ˌhaiəˈrɑ:kikəl]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪəˈrɑrkɪkəl, haɪˈrɑr-]

adj.

分等级的

hierarchical *

hierarchical
A hierarchical system or organization is one in which people have different ranks or positions, depending on how important they are.

- ...the traditional hierarchical system of military organization.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

hierarchy

[D.J.:ˈhaiərɑ:ki]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪəˌrɑrki, ˈhaɪˌrɑr-]

n.

等级制度

统治集团, 领导层

hierarchy **

1. hierarchy hierarchies
A hierarchy is a system of organizing people into different ranks or levels of importance, for example in society or in a company.

- Like most other American companies with a rigid hierarchy, workers and managers had strictly defined duties.

- She rose up the Tory hierarchy by the local government route.

- Even in the desert there was a kind of social hierarchy.

N-VAR: usu with supp

2. hierarchy hierarchies
The hierarchy of an organization such as the Church is the group of people who manage and control it.
N-COUNT-COLL: with supp

3. hierarchy hierarchies
A hierarchy of ideas and beliefs involves organizing them into a system or structure. (FORMAL)

- ...the notion of `cultural imperialism', implies a hierarchy of cultures, some of which are stronger than others.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

hierarchy

noun

grading

pecking order

ranking

hieroglyph

[D.J.:ˈhaɪərəˌglɪf, ˈhaɪərə-]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪərəˌɡlɪf, ˈhaɪrə-]

n.

象形字(如古埃及等所用的)

秘密的或另有含意的书写符号

hieroglyph

hieroglyph hieroglyphs
Hieroglyphs are symbols in the form of pictures, which are used in some writing systems, especially those of ancient Egypt.
N-COUNT
= hieroglyphics

hieroglyphics

[D.J.:ˌhaɪərəˈglɪfɪkz]

[K.K.: ˌhaɪərəˈɡlɪfɪkz]

n.

象形文字

难以辨认或理解的文字

hieroglyphics

1. hieroglyphics
Hieroglyphics are symbols in the form of pictures which are used in some writing systems, for example those of ancient Egypt.
N-PLURAL
= hieroglyphs

2. hieroglyphics
You can use hieroglyphics to refer to something that has been written, but that you cannot understand. (INFORMAL)

- I've never come across hieroglyphics like the handwriting of Peter Smallwood.

N-PLURAL

hi-fi

[D.J.:ˈhaɪˈfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˈfaɪ]

n.

高度保真(性)

高度保真的音响装置

adj.

音响高度保真的

hi-fi *

hi-fi hi-fis
A hi-fi is a set of equipment on which you play records and tapes, and which produces stereo sound of very good quality.
N-VAR

higgledy-piggledy

[D.J.:ˌhɪgəldi:ˈpɪgəldi:]

[K.K.:ˌhɪɡəldiˈpɪɡəldi]

adv. &adj.

杂乱无章地(的)

higgledy-piggledy

1. higgledy-piggledy
If you say that things are higgledy-piggledy , you mean that they are very disorganized and untidy. (INFORMAL)

- Books are often stacked in higgledy-piggledy piles on the floor.

ADJ-GRADED
= jumbled untidy

2. higgledy-piggledy
Also an adverb.

- A whole valley of boulders tossed higgledy-piggledy as though by some giant.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

high

[D.J.:hai]

[K.K.:haɪ]

adj.

高的; 高度的

高级的, 重要的

极度的, 强烈的; 价值高的, 数量大的; 奢侈的

高尚的

全盛的

高音调的, 尖声的

开始变质

adv.

高, 高高地; 高音调地

在[向]高的地位

n.

(最)高纪录, (最)高水平

兴奋, 快感

higher

[D.J.:ˈhaɪə]

adj.

高高的

高级的；上级的

高等的；较为进化的

highest

[ˈhaiist]

adj.

最高的

high *****

1. high higher highest
Something that is high extends a long way from the bottom to the top when it is upright. You do not use the word high to describe people, animals, or plants.

- ...a house, with a high wall all around it...

- Mount Marcy is the highest mountain in the Adirondacks.

- ...distraught people who have threatened to jump from high buildings.

- ...high-heeled shoes...

- The gate was too high for a man of his age to climb.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ low

2. high
Also an adverb.

- ...wagons packed high with bureaus, bedding, and cooking pots.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. high
You use high to talk or ask about how much something upright measures from the bottom to the top.

- ...an elegant bronze horse only nine inches high...

- The grass in the yard was waist high.

- Measure your garage: how high is the door?

ADJ: amount ADJ, n ADJ, how ADJ, as ADJ as , ADJ-compar than

4. high higher highest
If something is high , it is a long way above the ground, above sea level, or above a person or thing.

- I looked down from the high window.

- The bridge was high, jacked up on wooden piers.

- The sun was high in the sky, blazing down on us.

- In Castel Molo, high above Taormina, you can sample the famous almond wine made there.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ prep
≠ low

5. high
If something is high up , it is a long way above the ground, above sea level, or above a person or thing.

- ...being able to run faster or jump higher than other people.

- His farm was high up in the hills.

- ...grapes grown high up on the cliff...

- We saw three birds circling very high up.

PHR: oft PHR prep
≠ low down

6. high higher highest
You can use high to indicate that something is great in amount, degree, or intensity.

- The European country with the highest birth rate is Ireland.

- Official reports said casualties were high.

- The higher the risk of lending money, the higher is the interest rate demanded by the lenders.

- High winds have knocked down trees and power lines.

- Commercialisation has given many sports a higher profile.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ low

7. high
You can use phrases such as ` in the high 80s ' to indicate that a number or level is, for example, more than 85 but not as much as 90.

- He expects the unemployment figures to rise even higher in coming months.

PHR
≠ low

8. high higher highest
If a food or other substance is high in a particular ingredient, it contains a large amount of that ingredient.

- Don't indulge in rich sauces, fried food and thick pastry as these are high in fat.

- ...a superb compost, high in calcium.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ in n
≠ low

9. high highs
If something reaches a high of a particular amount or degree, that is the greatest it has ever been.

- Traffic from Jordan to Iraq is down to a dozen loaded lorries a day, compared with a high of 200 a day.

- Sales of Russian vodka have reached an all-time high.

N-COUNT: oft N of amount
≠ low

10. high higher highest
If you say that something is a high priority or is high on your list, you mean that you consider it to be one of the most important things you have to do or deal with.

- The Labour Party has not made the issue a high priority.

- Economic reform is high on the agenda.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ on n
≠ low

11. high higher highest
Someone who is high up in a profession or society has a very important position.

- Was there anyone particularly high in the administration who was an advocate of a different policy?.

- Every single one of the arms companies is controlled by the families of high officials.

- ...corruption in high places.

- ...high social class.

- His cousin is somebody quite high up in the navy.

- You've offended somebody very high up.

PHR: oft PHR in n

12. high
You can use high to describe something that is advanced or complex.

- Neither Anna nor I are interested in high finance.

- ...the rise of Japan's high technology industries.

ADJ: ADJ n

13. high
If you aim high , you try to obtain or to achieve the best that you can.

- You should not be afraid to aim high in the quest for an improvement in your income.

- We just do not set our sights high enough.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

14. high higher highest
If someone has a high reputation, or people have a high opinion of them, people think they are very good in some way, for example at their work.

- She has always had a high reputation for her excellent short stories.

- People have such high expectations of you.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ low

15. high higher highest
If the quality or standard of something is high , it is very good indeed.

- This is high quality stuff.

- His team were of the highest calibre.

- Schools award scholarships for high academic achievement.

ADJ-GRADED

16. high higher highest
If someone has high principles, they are morally good.

- He was a man of the highest principles.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

17. high higher highest
A high sound or voice is close to the top of a particular range of notes.

- Her high voice really irritated Maria.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ low

18. high higher highest
When a river is high , it contains much more water than usual.

- The waters of the Yangtze River are dangerously high for the time of year.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ low

19. high higher highest
If your spirits are high , you feel happy and excited.

- Her spirits were high with the hope of seeing Nick in minutes rather than hours.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ low

20. high
If someone is high on drink or drugs, they are affected by the alcoholic drink or drugs they have taken. (INFORMAL)

- He was too high on drugs and alcohol to remember them.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ on n

21. high highs
A high is a feeling or mood of great excitement or happiness. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

22. high
If you say that something came from on high , you mean that it came from a person or place of great authority.

- Orders had come from on high that extra care was to be taken during this week.

PHR: usu from PHR

23. high
If you say that you were left high and dry , you are emphasizing that you were left in a difficult situation and were unable to do anything about it.

- Schools with better reputations will be flooded with applications while poorer schools will be left high and dry.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR emphasis

24. high
If you refer to the highs and lows of someone's life or career, you are referring to both the successful or happy times, and the unsuccessful or bad times.
PHR: oft PHR of n
= ups and downs

25. high
If you say that you looked high and low for something, you are emphasizing that you looked for it in every place that you could think of.
PHR: PHR after v emphasis

higher

higher
A higher degree or diploma is a qualification of an advanced standard or level.

- ...a higher diploma in hotel management.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also high .

high

adjective

1.

tall

elevated

lofty

soaring

steep

towering

2.

extreme

excessive

extraordinary

great

intensified

sharp

strong

3.

important

arch

chief

eminent

exalted

powerful

superior

4.

intoxicated

stoned slang

tripping informal

5.

high-pitched

acute

penetrating

piercing

piping

sharp

shrill

strident

adverb

6.

aloft

at great height

far up

way up

-high

1. -high
-high combines with words such as `knee' or `shoulder' to indicate that someone or something reaches as high as the point that is mentioned.

- The grass was knee-high.

COMB in ADJ

2. -high
Also a combining form.

- The Tibetans lifted the man with the flag shoulder-high.

COMB in ADV: ADV after v

high and mighty

1. high and mighty
If you describe someone as high and mighty , you disapprove of them because they consider themselves to be very important and are confident that they are always right.

- I think you're a bit too high and mighty yourself.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= arrogant

2. high and mighty
The high and mighty are people who are high and mighty.

- The press mogul befriended the high and mighty in Britain.

N-PLURAL: the N

highborn

[D.J.:ˈhaibɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˌbɔrn]

adj.

出身名门的

highborn

highborn
If someone is highborn , their parents are members of the nobility. (OLD-FASHIONED)
ADJ-GRADED also high-born .

highbrow

[D.J.:ˈhaɪˌbraʊ]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˌbraʊ]

adj.

文化修养高的

n.

文化修养高的人

highbrow

1. highbrow
If you say that a book or discussion is highbrow , you mean that it is intellectual, academic, and is often difficult to understand.

- ...highbrow classical music...

- He presents his own highbrow literary programme.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ lowbrow

2. highbrow
If you describe someone as highbrow , you mean that they are interested in serious subjects of a very intellectual nature, especially when these are difficult to understand.

- Highbrow critics sniff that the programme was `too sophisticated' to appeal to most viewers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ lowbrow

3. highbrow highbrows
Also a noun.

- ...the sniggers of the highbrows.

N-COUNT

highbrow

noun Informal

1.

intellectual

aesthete

egghead informal

scholar

adjective

2.

intellectual

bookish

cultivated

cultured

sophisticated

high chair

high chair high chairs
A high chair is a chair with long legs for a small child to sit in while they are eating.
N-COUNT also highchair .

high-class

[D.J.:ˈhaɪˈklæs]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˈklæs]

adj.

高级的,一流的

high-class *

high-class
If you describe something as high-class , you mean that it is of very good quality or of superior social status.

- ...a high-class jeweller's.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also high class .

high command *

high command high commands
The high command is the group that consists of the most senior officers in a nation's armed forces.
N-COUNT-COLL: oft supp N

High Commission *

High Commission High Commissions
A High Commission is the office where a High Commissioner and his or her staff work, or the group of officials who work there.
N-COUNT: oft the adj N

High Commissioner *

1. High Commissioner High Commissioners
A High Commissioner is a senior representative who is sent by one Commonwealth country to live in another in order to work as an ambassador.
N-COUNT: oft the adj N

2. High Commissioner High Commissioners
A High Commissioner is the head of an international commission.

- ...the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

N-COUNT: usu N for n, supp N

High Court **

High Court High Courts
In England and Wales, the High Court is a court of law which deals with very serious or important cases.
N-COUNT: usu sing

high-end

[D.J.:ˈhaɪˈend]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˈɛnd]

高档

high-end

high-end
High-end products, especially electronic products, are the most expensive of their kind.

- ...high-end personal computers and computer workstations.

ADJ

higher education **

higher education
Higher education is education at universities and colleges.
N-UNCOUNT

higher-up

[D.J.:ˈhaiərˈʌp]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪɚˈʌp]

n.

上级,大人物,上司

higher-up

higher-up higher-ups
A higher-up is an important person who has a lot of authority and influence. (INFORMAL) (AM; in BRIT use high-up )
N-COUNT

high explosive

high explosive high explosives
High explosive is an extremely powerful explosive substance.
N-VAR

highfalutin

[D.J.:haifəˈlu:ti:n]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪfəˈlutn]

adj.

自大的,骄傲的

highfalutin

highfalutin
People sometimes use highfalutin to describe something that they think is being made to sound complicated or important in order to impress people. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- This isn't highfalutin art-about-art. It's marvellous and adventurous stuff.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= pretentious

high five

high five high fives
If you give someone a high five , you put your hand up and hit their open hand with yours, especially after a victory or as a greeting.
N-COUNT also high-five .

high-flown

[D.J.:ˈhaɪˈfləʊn]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˈflon]

adj.

颇有野心的

夸张的

high-flown

high-flown
High-flown language is very grand, formal, or literary.

- It is highly probable that many of the Service's personnel were put off by such high-flown rhetoric.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

high-flown

adjective

extravagant

elaborate

exaggerated

florid

grandiose

inflated

lofty

overblown

pretentious

high-flyer

n.

抱负极高的人;有野心的人

high-flyer

high-flyer high-flyers
A high-flyer is someone who has a lot of ability and is likely to be very successful in their career.
N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) high flyer , high-flier

high-flying

adj.

抱有雄心大志的,毫无道理的,有野心的

high-flying *

high-flying
A high-flying person is successful or is likely to be successful in their career.

- ...her high-flying newspaper-editor husband.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

high ground *

1. high ground
If a person or organization has the high ground in an argument or dispute, that person or organization has an advantage. (JOURNALISM)

- The President must seek to regain the high ground in the political debate.

- How do we recapture the intellectual high ground?

N-SING: the N, oft the adj N

2. high ground
If you say that someone has taken the moral high ground , you mean that they consider that their policies and actions are morally superior to the policies and actions of their rivals.

- The Republicans took the moral high ground with the message that they were best equipped to manage the authority.

- Now we stand on the moral high ground. We can defend ethically and morally everything we stand for.

PHR: PHR after v

high-handed

[D.J.:haiˈhændid]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˈhændɪd]

adj.

高压的,横暴的,不容分说的

high-handed

1. high-handed
If you say that someone is high-handed , you disapprove of them because they use their authority in an unnecessarily forceful way without considering other people's feelings.

- He wants to be seen as less bossy and high-handed.

- ...his allegedly high-handed organisation of government business in parliament.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= overbearing

2. high-handedness

- They have been accused of secrecy and high-handedness in their dealings.

N-UNCOUNT

high-handed

adjective

dictatorial

despotic

domineering

imperious

oppressive

overbearing

tyrannical

wilful

high-heeled

[ˈhaiˈhi:ld]

adj.

高跟的

high-heeled

high-heeled
High-heeled shoes have high heels.
ADJ: ADJ n
≠ flat

high heels *

high heels
High heels are high-heeled shoes.

- ...a tall girl in high heels.

N-PLURAL

high jinks

high jinks
High jinks is lively, excited behaviour in which people do things for fun. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT-COLL
= horseplay

high jump

high jump
The high jump is an athletics event which involves jumping over a raised bar.
N-SING: usu the N

highlands

[ˈhailəndz]

n.

苏格兰高地

highlands *

highlands
Highlands are mountainous areas of land.
N-PLURAL

high life

high life
You use the high life to refer to an exciting and luxurious way of living that involves a great deal of entertainment, going to parties, and eating good food.

- Ironically, the Hollywood high life that he had thought he wanted and needed had proved hollow.

- Most large cities are good for business and high life, but not for families on holiday.

N-SING: also no det

highlight

[D.J.:ˈhailait]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˌlaɪt]

vt.

强调, 突出, 使显著

n.

最精彩的部分, 最重要的事情

highlighted

adj.

突出的

highlighting

(为加强对一个摄影主题的强光照射而增加的)辅助照明

highlights

拔萃,集锦(精采会议文献选辑)

highlight ***

1. highlight highlights highlighting highlighted
If someone or something highlights a point or problem, they emphasize it or make you think about it.

- Last year Collins wrote a moving ballad which highlighted the plight of the homeless.

- Once again, the `Free Press' prefers not to highlight these facts.

- Two events have highlighted the tensions in recent days.

VB
= emphasize

2. highlight highlights
The highlights of an event, activity, or period of time are the most interesting or exciting parts of it.

- ...a match that is likely to prove one of the highlights of the tournament...

- The highlight of my day used to be cooking Meg a meal when she came in from work.

- I don't want to watch the game now. I'll just wait till the highlights come on later tonight.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

3. highlight highlights
Highlights in a person's hair are narrow lighter areas made by dyeing or sunlight.
N-PLURAL

highlight

noun

1.

feature

climax

focal point

focus

high point

high spot

peak

verb

2.

emphasize

accent

accentuate

bring to the fore

show up

spotlight

stress

underline

highlighter

[D.J.:ˈhaɪˌlaɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɚ]

n.

轮廓色崐

highlighter

1. highlighter highlighters
Highlighter is a pale-coloured cosmetic that someone puts above their eyes or on their cheeks to emphasize the shape of their face.
N-MASS

2. highlighter highlighters
A highlighter is a pen with brightly-coloured ink that is used to mark parts of a document.
N-COUNT

highly

[ˈhaili]

adv.

高度地, 极, 非常

非常赞许地

highly ****

1. highly
Highly is used before some adjectives to mean `very'.

- Mr Singh was a highly successful salesman.

- It seems highly unlikely that she ever existed.

- ...the highly controversial nuclear energy programme.

ADV: ADV adj
= very

2. highly
You use highly to indicate that someone has an important position in an organization or set of people.

- ...a highly placed government advisor.

- ...highly ranked soccer teams.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed

3. highly
If someone is highly paid, they receive a large salary.

- He was the most highly paid member of staff.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed

4. highly
If you think highly of something or someone, you think they are very good indeed.

- Daphne and Michael thought highly of the school.

- ...one of the most highly regarded chefs in the French capital.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

highly

adverb

extremely

exceptionally

greatly

immensely

tremendously

vastly

very

very much

highly-strung

adj.

容易激动的，神经质的

highly-strung

highly-strung
If someone is highly-strung , they are very nervous and easily upset.

- He was sensitive and highly-strung, and she had always tried to shield him from his father's sarcasm and violence.

ADJ-GRADED
= sensitive

high mass

high mass
High mass is a church service held in a Catholic church in which there is more ceremony than in an ordinary mass.
N-UNCOUNT

high-minded

adj.

高尚的,傲慢的,高洁的

high-minded

high-minded
If you say that someone is high-minded , you think they have strong moral principles.

- The President's hopes for the country were high-minded, but too vague.

- She belonged to a high-minded group of ladies who met and discussed Works of Literature.

ADJ-GRADED

Highness *

Highness Highnesses
Expressions such as `Your Highness ' or `His Highness ' are used to address or refer to a member of the royal family other than a king or queen.

- That would be best, Your Highness.

- Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent opened an art exhibition recently.

N-VOC: poss N; PRON: poss PRON politeness

high noon

1. high noon
High noon means the same as noon. (LITERARY)
N-UNCOUNT

2. high noon
Journalists sometimes use high noon to refer to a crisis or event which is likely to decide finally what is going to happen in a conflict or situation.

- It looks like high noon for the nation's movie theaters, now we are in the age of the home video.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N for/of n

high-octane

[D.J.:ˈhaɪˈɔkteɪn]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˈɑkten]

adj.

强烈的,极新颖的,高辛烷值的,高能量的

high-octane

high-octane
You can use high-octane to emphasize that something is very exciting or intense. (JOURNALISM)

- ...a high-octane performance.

ADJ: ADJ n

high-performance

high-performance
A high-performance car or other product goes very fast or does a lot.

- ...the thrill of taking an expensive high-performance car to its limits.

- ...high-performance computers.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

high-pitched

[D.J.:ˈhaɪˈpɪtʃt]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˈpɪtʃt]

adj.

声调高的,声音尖锐的

high-pitched *

high-pitched
A high-pitched sound is shrill and high in pitch.

- A woman squealed in a high-pitched voice.

ADJ-GRADED also high pitched .
= piercing

high point *

high point high points
The high point of an event or period of time is the most exciting or enjoyable part of it.

- The high point of this trip was a day at the races in Balgriffin.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of/in n
= highlight

high-powered

[D.J.:ˈhaiˈpauəd]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˈpaʊəd]

adj.

马力大的,精力充沛的,高性能的

high-powered *

1. high-powered
A high-powered machine or piece of equipment is very powerful and efficient.

- ...high powered lasers.

- ...high-powered binoculars.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. high-powered
Someone who is high-powered or has a high-powered job has a very important and responsible job which requires a lot of ability.

- ...a high-powered lawyer...

- I had a very high-powered senior job in publishing.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

high priest

high priest high priests
If you call a man the high priest of a particular thing, you are saying in a slightly mocking way that he is considered by people to be expert in that thing.

- ...the high priest of cheap periodical fiction.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

high priestess

high priestess high priestesses
If you call a woman the high priestess of a particular thing, you are saying in a slightly mocking way that she is considered by people to be expert in that thing.

- ...the American high priestess of wit.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

high-profile *

high-profile
A high-profile person or a high-profile event attracts a lot of attention or publicity.

- ...one of football's high profile chairmen.

- ...the high-profile reception being given to Mr Arafat.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

high-ranking

adj.

阶级高的,高级官员的,职位高的

high-ranking *

high-ranking
A high-ranking person has an important position in a particular organization.

- ...a high-ranking officer in the medical corps.

ADJ: ADJ n

high-rise

[D.J.:ˈhaɪˈraɪz]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˈraɪz]

adj.

有多层的;高楼的

n.

高楼

high-rise *

1. high-rise
High-rise buildings are modern buildings which are very tall and have many levels or floors.

- ...high-rise apartment blocks.

- ...high-rise office buildings.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. high-rise high-rises
A high-rise is a high-rise building.

- That big high-rise above us is where Brian lives.

N-COUNT

high road

1. high road high roads
A high road is a main road. (BRIT; in AM use highway )

- The gutters either side of the paved high road were gurgling and even flooding.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. high road
You say that something is the high road to a particular situation when it seems likely to lead to that situation.

- This is the high road to disaster.

N-SING: usu the N to n

3. high road
If you say that someone is taking the high road in a situation, you mean that they are taking the most positive and careful course of action. (mainly AM)

- US diplomats say the president is likely to take the high road in his statements about trade.

N-SING: usu the N

high-roller

n.

〈美〉〈非正〉狂赌者，冒险投资者

high-roller

high-roller high-rollers
High rollers are people who are very rich and who spend money in an extravagant or risky way, especially by gambling. (JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT also high roller .

high school **

1. high school high schools
In Britain, a high school is a school for children aged between eleven and eighteen.

- ...Sunderland High School.

N-VAR: oft in names after n

2. high school high schools
In the United States, a high school is a school for children usually aged between fourteen and eighteen.

- ...an 18-year-old inner-city kid who dropped out of high school.

- ...the high school football team.

N-VAR: oft in names after n

high seas

high seas
The high seas is used to refer to the sea. (LITERARY)

- It was a time of battles on the high seas, pirates and hidden treasure.

N-PLURAL: the N

high season

high season
The high season is the time of year when a place has most tourists or visitors. (BRIT)

- A typical high-season week in a chalet costs about £470.

N-SING: also no det
≠ low season

high society

high society
You can use high society to refer to people who come from rich and important families.
N-UNCOUNT

high-sounding

[D.J.:ˈhaiˈsaundiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˈsaʊndɪŋ]

adj.

夸大的,夸张的,高调的,夸夸其谈的

high-sounding

high-sounding
You can use high-sounding to describe language and ideas which seem very grand and important, especially when you think they are not really important.

- ...high-sounding decrees designed to impress foreigners and attract foreign capital.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

high-spirited

[D.J.:ˈhaɪˈspɪrɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˈspɪrɪtɪd]

兴致勃勃

high-spirited

1. high-spirited
Someone who is high-spirited is very lively and easily excited.
ADJ-GRADED
≠ placid

2. high-spirited
A high-spirited horse is difficult to control because it is very lively, active, or nervous.
ADJ-GRADED

high spot

high spot high spots
The high spot of an event or activity is the most exciting or enjoyable part of it.

- Rough weather would have denied us a landing on the island, for me the high spot of the entire cruise.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= highlight high point

high street **

1. high street high streets
The high street of a town is the main street where most of the shops and banks are. (mainly BRIT; in AM use Main Street )

- Vegetarian restaurants and health food shops are springing up in every high street.

- ...West Bromwich high street.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

2. high street
High street banks and businesses are companies which have branches in the main shopping areas of most towns. (mainly BRIT)

- The scanners are available from high street stores.

ADJ: ADJ n

high summer

high summer
High summer is the middle of summer.
N-UNCOUNT

high tea

high tea high teas
In Britain, some people have a meal called high tea in the late afternoon instead of having dinner or supper later in the evening. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-VAR

high tech **

high tech
High tech activities or equipment involve or result from the use of high technology.

- ...such high-tech industries as computers or telecommunications.

- ...the latest high-tech medical gadgetry.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also hi tech .

high technology *

high technology
High technology is the practical use of advanced scientific research and knowledge, especially in relation to electronics and computers, and the development of new advanced machines and equipment.
N-UNCOUNT

high-tension

[D.J.:ˈhaɪˈtenʃən]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˈtɛnʃən]

adj.

高(电)压的

high-tension

high-tension
A high-tension electricity cable is one which is able to carry a very powerful current.
ADJ: ADJ n

high tide

high tide
At the coast, high tide is the time when the sea is at its highest level because the tide is in.
N-UNCOUNT
≠ low tide

high treason

high treason
High treason is a very serious crime which involves putting your country or its head of state in danger.
N-UNCOUNT

high-up

n.

社会地位高的人,要人

high-up *

high-up high-ups
A high-up is an important person who has a lot of authority and influence. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use higher-up )
N-COUNT

high water *

high water
High water is the time at which the water in a river or sea is at its highest level as a result of the tide.

- Fishing is possible for a couple of hours either side of high water.

N-UNCOUNT
= high tide

come hell or high water : see hell .

high-water mark

1. high-water mark
The high-water mark is the level reached in a particular place by the sea at high tide or by a river in flood.
N-SING: the N also high water mark .

2. high-water mark
The high-water mark of a process is its highest or most successful stage of achievement.

- This was almost certainly the high-water mark of her career.

- This period represented a high water mark for liberal denominations.

N-SING: with supp, oft N of/for n also high water mark .

highway

[D.J.:ˈhaiwei]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˌwe]

n.

公路, 交通要道

(空中, 水上或陆上的)直接航线或路线

最好的途径

highway **

highway highways
A highway is a main road, especially one that connects towns or cities. (mainly AM)

- I crossed the highway, dodging the traffic.

N-COUNT

Highway Code

Highway Code
In Britain, the Highway Code is an official book published by the Department of Transport, which contains the rules which tell people how to use public roads safely.
N-SING: the N

highwayman

[D.J.:ˈhaɪˌweɪmən]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˌwemən]

n.

(旧时)拦路抢劫的强盗(通常骑马持械)

highwayman

highwayman highwaymen
In former times, highwaymen were people who stopped travellers and robbed them.
N-COUNT

high wire

1. high wire high wires
A high wire is a length of rope or wire stretched tight high above the ground and used for balancing acts.
N-COUNT also high-wire .
= tightrope

2. high wire
Journalists talk about a person being on a high wire or performing a high-wire act when he or she is dealing with a situation in which it would be easy to do the wrong thing.

- This year's Budget looks set to be a precarious high-wire act for the Chancellor.

N-SING: oft N n also high-wire .

hijack

[D.J.:ˈhaidʒæk]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˌdʒæk]

vt.

劫持, 绑架

拦路抢劫

hijacking

n.

劫机

hijack *

1. hijack hijacks hijacking hijacked
If someone hijacks a plane or other vehicle, they illegally take control of it by force while it is travelling from one place to another.

- Two men tried to hijack a plane on a flight from Riga to Murmansk.

- A Chinese airliner was hijacked by two passengers and forced to fly to Taiwan.

- The hijacked plane exploded in a ball of fire.

VB

2. hijack hijacks
Also a noun.

- Every minute during the hijack seemed like a week.

N-COUNT

3. hijacking hijackings

- Car hijackings are running at a rate of nearly 50 a day.

N-COUNT

4. hijack hijacks hijacking hijacked
If you say that someone has hijacked something, you disapprove of the way in which they have taken control of it when they had no right to do so.

- A peaceful demonstration had been hijacked by anarchists intent on causing trouble.

VB disapproval

hijack

verb

seize

commandeer

expropriate

take over

hijacker

[D.J.:ˈhaɪdʒækə]

n.

抢劫者;劫持者

hijacker *

hijacker hijackers
A hijacker is a person who hijacks a plane or other vehicle.
N-COUNT

hike

[D.J.:haik]

[K.K.:haɪk]

n.

(在乡间)徒步旅行

〈口〉(数量、价格等)增加, 上升

vi.

徒步旅行

vt.

〈口〉提高(价格等)

hiking

n.

徒步旅行

hike **

1. hike hikes
A hike is a long walk in the country, especially one that you go on for pleasure.
N-COUNT
= walk

2. hike hikes hiking hiked
If you hike , you go for a long walk in the country.

- You could hike through the Fish River Canyon -- it's entirely up to you.

- We plan to hike the Samaria Gorge.

VB
= walk

3. hiking

- ...some harder, more strenuous hiking on cliff pathways.

- ...heavy hiking boots.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

4. hike hikes
A hike is a sudden or large increase in prices, rates, taxes, or quantities. (INFORMAL)

- ...a sudden 1.75 per cent hike in Italian interest rates...

- His economic plan, with its tax hikes and spending cuts, will slow the economy.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= rise

5. hike hikes hiking hiked
To hike prices, rates, taxes, or quantities means to increase them suddenly or by a large amount. (INFORMAL)

- It has now been forced to hike its rates by 5.25 per cent.

- TSB's monthly credit card rate is now hiked from 1.95% to 2.05%.

- The federal government hiked the tax on hard liquor.

VB
= raise

6. hike up hikes up; hiking up; hiked up
Hike up means the same as hike .

- The insurers have started hiking up premiums by huge amounts.

- Big banks were hiking their rates up.

PHR-V

hike up **

hike up hikes up; hiking up; hiked up
If you hike up your clothing, you pull or lift it up quickly or roughly, especially so you can move more easily.

- He hiked up his trouser legs.

- I hiked my nightgown right up and I ran.

PHR-V
= hitch up

See also hike 4.

hike

noun

1.

walk

march

ramble

tramp

trek

verb

2.

walk

back-pack

ramble

tramp

hike up

3.

raise

hitch up

jack up

lift

pull up

hiker

[D.J.:ˈhaikə]

n.

远足者, 长途旅行者

hiker

hiker hikers
A hiker is a person who is going for a long walk in the countryside for pleasure.
N-COUNT

hilarious

[D.J.:hɪˈleəri:əs, -ˈlær-, haɪ-]

[K.K.:hɪˈlɛriəs, -ˈlær-, haɪ-]

adj.

十分有趣的, 非常滑稽的

欢闹的

hilarious *

1. hilarious
If something is hilarious , it is extremely funny and makes you laugh a lot.

- We thought it was hilarious when we first heard about it.

- He had a fund of hilarious tales on the subject.

ADJ-GRADED

2. hilariously

- She found it hilariously funny.

- Safire writes hilariously of being banished from presidential favor.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj, ADV with v, also ADV with cl

hilarious

adjective

funny

amusing

comical

entertaining

humorous

rollicking

side-splitting

uproarious

hilarity

[D.J.:hɪˈlærətɪ]

[K.K.:hɪˈlærətɪ]

n.

欢闹，狂欢

hilarity

hilarity
Hilarity is great amusement and laughter.
N-UNCOUNT

hilarity

noun

laughter

amusement

exhilaration

glee

high spirits

jollity

merriment

mirth

hill

[D.J.:hil]

[K.K.:hɪl]

n.

小山, 山冈

斜坡

hills

丘陵

hill ***

1. hill hills
A hill is an area of land that is higher than the land that surrounds it.

- ...the shady street that led up the hill to the office building.

- ...the Black Hills of Dakota.

N-COUNT: oft in names

2. hill
If you say that someone is over the hill , you are saying rudely that they are old and no longer fit, attractive, or capable of doing useful work. (INFORMAL)

- He doesn't take kindly to suggestions that he is over the hill.

PHR: usu v-link PHR disapproval
= past it

hill

noun

mount

fell

height

hillock

hilltop

knoll

mound

tor

hillbilly

[D.J.:ˈhɪlˌbɪli:]

[K.K.:ˈhɪlˌbɪli]

n.

<美>乡巴佬;土包子

hillbilly

hillbilly hillbillies
If you refer to someone as a hillbilly , you are saying in a fairly rude way that you think they are uneducated and stupid because they come from the countryside. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

hillock

[D.J.:ˈhilək]

[K.K.:ˈhɪlək]

n.

小丘

hillocks

异常析出

hillock

hillock hillocks
A hillock is a small hill.
N-COUNT

hillock

noun

mound

hummock

knoll

hillside

[D.J.:ˈhɪlˌsaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈhɪlˌsaɪd]

n.

(小山的)山坡

hillside *

hillside hillsides
A hillside is the sloping side of a hill.
N-COUNT

hilltop

[D.J.:ˈhɪlˌtɔp]

[K.K.:ˈhɪlˌtɑp]

n.

(小山的)山顶

hilltop *

hilltop hilltops
A hilltop is the top of a hill.

- The Morrisons' home stood on a wooded hilltop.

- ...a medieval hilltop village.

N-COUNT: oft N n

hilly

[D.J.:ˈhɪli:]

[K.K.:ˈhɪli]

adj.

多小山的,多斜坡的

hilly *

hilly hillier hilliest
A hilly area has many hills.

- The areas where the fighting is taking place are hilly and densely wooded.

ADJ-GRADED

hilly

adjective

mountainous

rolling

undulating

hilt

[D.J.:hɪlt]

[K.K.:hɪlt]

n.

(刀剑、匕首等的)柄

(up) to the hilt

全力( 支持某人等)；彻底；到最大程度

hilt

1. hilt hilts
The hilt of a sword, dagger, or knife is its handle.

- ...the hilt of the small, sharp knife.

N-COUNT

2. hilt
To the hilt and up to the hilt mean to the maximum extent possible or as fully as possible. (INFORMAL)

- The men who wield the power are certainly backing him to the hilt.

- James was overdrawn and mortgaged to the hilt.

- She was in this right up to the hilt.

PHR: usu PHR after v emphasis

hilt

noun

handle

grip

haft

handgrip

him

[D.J.:him, ɪm]

[K.K.:hɪm]

pron.

(he的宾格)他

him *****

( Him is a third person singular pronoun. Him is used as the object of a verb or a preposition.)

1. him
You use him to refer to a man, boy, or male animal.

- John's aunt died suddenly and left him a surprisingly large sum.

- Is Sam there? Let me talk to him.

- On his arrival, Elaine met him at the bus station.

- My brother had a lovely dog. I looked after him for about a week.

PRON-SING: v PRON, prep PRON

2. him
In written English, him is sometimes used to refer to a person without saying whether that person is a man or a woman. Some people dislike this use and prefer to use `him or her' or `them'.

- If the child encounters `hear', we should show him that this is the base word in `hearing' and `hears'.

PRON-SING: v PRON, prep PRON

3. him
In some religions, Him is used to refer to God.

- God will help you if you turn to Him in humility and trust.

PRON-SING: v PRON, prep PRON

himself

[D.J.:himˈself]

[K.K.:hɪmˈsɛlf]

pron.

(反身代词) 他自己

(用以加强语气)他亲自, 他本人

himself *****

( Himself is a third person singular reflexive pronoun. Himself is used when the object of a verb or preposition refers to the same person as the subject of the verb, except in meaning 4.)

1. himself
You use himself to refer to a man, boy, or male animal.

- He poured himself a whisky and sat down in the chair.

- A driver blew up his car and himself after being stopped at a police checkpoint.

- William went away muttering to himself.

PRON-REFL: v PRON, prep PRON

2. himself
In written English, himself is sometimes used to refer to a person without saying whether that person is a man or a woman. Some people dislike this use and prefer to use `himself or herself' or `themselves'.

- The child's natural way of expressing himself is play.

- The student is invited to test each item for himself by means of specific techniques.

PRON-REFL: v PRON, prep PRON

3. himself
In some religions, Himself is used to refer to God.

- He thanked God for concealing Himself from the wise and revealing Himself to the simple.

PRON-REFL: v PRON, prep PRON

4. himself
You use himself to emphasize the person or thing that you are referring to. Himself is sometimes used instead of `him' as the object of a verb or preposition.

- The Prime Minister himself is on a visit to Peking.

- He himself had joined the others straight from the office.

- There's no work and no future for students like himself.

PRON-REFL-EMPH emphasis

hind

[D.J.:haɪnd]

[K.K.:haɪnd]

adj.

(常指动物腿)后面的,在后的

talk the hind leg(s) off a donkey

(通常与can或could连用)唠叨不停；滔滔不绝

hind *

1. hind
An animal's hind legs are at the back of its body.

- Suddenly the cow kicked up its hind legs.

ADJ: ADJ n
= rear

2. hind hinds
A hind is a female deer, especially one of the red deer family.
N-COUNT
= doe

hinder

[D.J.:ˈhində]

[K.K.:ˈhɪndɚ]

vt. & vi.

阻碍; 妨碍

hinder *

1. hinder hinders hindering hindered
If something hinders you, it makes it more difficult for you to do something or make progress.

- Does the fact that your players are part-timers help or hinder you?.

- Further investigation was hindered by the loss of all documentation on the case.

VB

2. hinder hinders hindering hindered
If something hinders your movement, it makes it difficult for you to move forward or move around.

- A thigh injury increasingly hindered her mobility.

- Landslides and bad weather are continuing to hinder the arrival of relief supplies to the area.

VB

hinder

verb

obstruct

block

check

delay

encumber

frustrate

hamper

handicap

hold up or back

impede

interrupt

stop

Hindi

[D.J.:ˈhɪndi:]

[K.K.:ˈhɪndi]

n.

印地语

印度官方语言之一,印度斯坦人的文学语言

Hindi

Hindi
Hindi is a language that is spoken by people in northern India. It is also one of the official languages of India.
N-UNCOUNT

hindquarters

[ˈhaindˌkwɔ:təz]

n.

(动物的)后臀及后腿

hindquarters

hindquarters
The hindquarters of a four-legged animal are its back part, including its two back legs.
N-PLURAL: oft with poss also hind quarters .

hindrance

[D.J.:ˈhɪndrəns]

[K.K.:ˈhɪndrəns]

n.

起妨碍作用的事物或人

hindrance

1. hindrance hindrances
A hindrance is a person or thing that makes it more difficult for you to do something.

- The higher rates have been a hindrance to economic recovery.

- You would be more of a hindrance than a help.

N-COUNT: oft N to n
≠ help

2. hindrance
Hindrance is the act of hindering someone or something.

- They boarded their flight to Paris without hindrance.

N-UNCOUNT

hindrance

noun

obstacle

barrier

deterrent

difficulty

drawback

handicap

hitch

impediment

obstruction

restriction

snag

stumbling block

hindsight

[D.J.:ˈhaɪndˌsaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪndˌsaɪt]

n.

事后的觉悟;事后的聪明

hindsight *

hindsight
Hindsight is the ability to understand and realize something about an event after it has happened, although you did not understand or realize it at the time.

- With hindsight, we'd all do things differently.

- Even with the benefit of hindsight, I doubt I would change anything if I had my time again.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with/in N
= in retrospect

Hindu

[D.J.:ˈhɪndu:]

[K.K.:ˈhɪndu]

n.

印度人;(尤指印度北部的)印度斯坦人(信奉印度教)

adj.

印度人的;印度斯坦人的

Hindu **

1. Hindu Hindus
A Hindu is a person who believes in Hinduism and follows its teachings.
N-COUNT

2. Hindu
Hindu is used to describe things that belong or relate to Hinduism.

- ...a Hindu temple.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

Hinduism

[D.J.:ˈhɪndu:ˌɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈhɪnduˌɪzəm]

n.

印度教

Hinduism

Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion. It has many gods and teaches that people have another life on earth after they die.
N-UNCOUNT

hinge

[D.J.:hindʒ]

[K.K.:hɪndʒ]

n.

铰链

vt. & vi.

用铰链连接(某物), 给(某物)装上铰链

hinges

小五金

hinge *

hinge hinges
A hinge is a piece of metal, wood, or plastic that is used to join a door to its frame or to join two things together so that one of them can swing freely.

- The top swung open on well-oiled hinges.

N-COUNT

hinge

verb

depend

be contingent

hang

pivot

rest

revolve around

turn

hinge on *

hinge on hinges on; hinging on; hinged on
Something that hinges on one thing or event depends entirely on it.

- The plan hinges on a deal being struck with a new company.

- A lot hinges on how we are viewed by overseas investors.

PHR-V

hinged

hinged
Something that is hinged is joined to another thing, or joined together, by means of a hinge.

- The mirror was hinged to a surrounding frame.

- The hinged seat lifts up to reveal a useful storage space.

ADJ

hint

[D.J.:hint]

[K.K.:hɪnt]

vt. & vi.

暗示, 示意

n.

暗示, 示意

细微的迹象, 少许, 微量

建议, 有益的劝告

hint ***

1. hint hints
If you take a hint , you understand something that is suggested to you indirectly.

- The Minister gave a strong hint that the government were thinking of introducing tax concessions for mothers.

- I'd dropped a hint about having an exhibition of his work up here.

- The statement gave no hint as to what the measures would be.

- `I think I hear the telephone ringing.' --- `Okay, I can take a hint.'

PHR: V inflects

2. hint hints hinting hinted
If you hint at something, you suggest it in an indirect way.

- She suggested a trip to the shops and hinted at the possibility of a treat of some sort.

- Criticism is hinted at, but never made explicit.

- Was he hinting that there could be some connection between drugs and Ian's disappearance?.

- The President hinted he might make some changes in the government.

VB

3. hint hints
A hint is a helpful piece of advice, usually about how to do something.

- Here are some helpful hints to make your journey easier.

- I'm hoping to get some fashion hints.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= tip

4. hint
A hint of something is a very small amount of it.

- She added only a hint of vermouth to the gin.

- I glanced at her and saw no hint of irony on her face.

N-SING: N of n
= trace

hint

noun

1.

indication

allusion

clue

implication

innuendo

insinuation

intimation

suggestion

2.

advice

help

pointer

suggestion

tip

3.

trace

dash

suggestion

suspicion

tinge

touch

undertone

verb

4.

suggest

imply

indicate

insinuate

intimate

hinterland

[D.J.:ˈhɪntəˌlænd]

[K.K.:ˈhɪntɚˌlænd]

n.

内陆地区;内地;腹地

(由某一港口或某些其他中心城市供应物资的)内陆贸易区

hinterland *

hinterland hinterlands
The hinterland of a stretch of coast or a large river is the area of land behind it or around it.

- ...the French Mediterranean coast and its hinterland.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

hip

[D.J.:hip]

[K.K.:hɪp]

n.

臀部, 屁股

hip ***

1. hip hips
Your hips are the two areas at the sides of your body between the tops of your legs and your waist.

- Tracey put her hands on her hips and sighed.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

2. -hipped

- He is broad-chested and narrow-hipped.

COMB in ADJ

3. hip hips
You refer to the bones between the tops of your legs and your waist as your hips .
N-COUNT: oft poss N

4. hip
If you say that someone is hip , you mean that they are very modern and follow all the latest fashions, for example in clothes and ideas. (INFORMAL)

- ...a hip young character with tight-cropped blond hair and stylish glasses.

ADJ-GRADED
= trendy

5. hip hips
A hip is a rosehip.
N-COUNT

6. hip
If a large group of people want to show their appreciation or approval of someone, one of them says ` Hip hip ' and they all shout ` hooray '.
EXCLAM

7. hip
If you say that someone shoots from the hip or fires from the hip , you mean that they react to situations or give their opinion very quickly, without stopping to think.

- Judges don't have to shoot from the hip. They have the leisure to think, to decide.

PHR: V inflects

hip flask

hip flask hip flasks
A hip flask is a small metal container in which brandy, whisky, or other spirits can be carried.
N-COUNT

hip-hop

[D.J.:ˈhɪpˌhɔp]

[K.K.:ˈhɪpˌhɑp]

n.

嬉蹦舞乐曲

hip-hop *

hip-hop
Hip-hop is a form of popular culture which started among young black people in the United States in the 1980s. It includes rap music and graffiti art.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

hippie

[D.J.:ˈhɪpi:]

[K.K.:ˈhɪpi]

n.

(尤指20世纪60年代晚期的)嬉皮士(与社会现实格格不入的人,常成群结伙实行与众不同的生活方式、着奇装异服等)

hippie *

hippie hippies
Hippies were young people in the 1960s and 1970s who rejected conventional ways of living, dressing, and behaving, and tried to live a life based on peace and love. Hippies often had long hair and many took drugs.
N-COUNT also hippy .

hippo

[D.J.:ˈhipəu]

[K.K.:ˈhɪpo]

n.

河马

hippo

hippo hippos
A hippo is a hippopotamus. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

Hippocratic oath

Hippocratic oath
The Hippocratic oath is a formal promise made by recently-qualified doctors that they will follow the standards set by their profession and try to preserve life.
N-SING: the N

hippopotamus

[D.J.:ˌhɪpəˈpɔtəməs]

[K.K.:ˌhɪpəˈpɑtəməs]

n.

河马(产于非洲)

hippopotamus

hippopotamus hippopotamuses
A hippopotamus is a very large African animal with short legs and thick, hairless skin. Hippopotamuses live in and near rivers.
N-COUNT

hipster

[D.J.:ˈhɪpstə]

[K.K.:ˈhɪpstɚ]

adj.

(指衣服)低到臀部的

n.

裤腰低到臀部的裤子

<俚>消息灵通人士

hipster

1. hipster hipsters
If you refer to someone as a hipster , you mean that they are very fashionable, often in a way that you think is rather silly. (HUMOROUS)
N-COUNT

2. hipster hipsters
Hipsters are trousers which are designed so that the highest part of them is around your hips, rather than around your waist. (mainly BRIT)
N-PLURAL: oft N n

hire

[D.J.:ˈhaiə]

[K.K.:haɪr]

vt.

雇用

租用

n.

租用, 雇用

租金, 工钱

hiring

[ˈhaiəriŋ]

n.

雇用,租赁

adj.

雇用的,租赁的

hire ***

1. hire hires hiring hired
If you hire someone, you employ them or pay them to do a particular job for you.

- Sixteen of the contestants have hired lawyers and are suing the organisers.

- The rest of the staff have been hired on short-term contracts.

- He will be in charge of all hiring and firing at PHA.

- ...the mystery assassin (who turned out to be a hired killer).

VB

2. hire hires hiring hired
If you hire something, you pay money to the owner so that you can use it for a period of time. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use rent )

- To hire a car you must produce a passport and a current driving licence.

- Her hired car was found abandoned at Beachy Head.

VB
= rent

3. hire
You use hire to refer to the activity or business of hiring something. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use rental )

- They booked our hotel, and organised car hire.

- Hire of skis, boots and clothing, are all available.

- ...a day's outing by hire car to the southern coast of Crete.

N-UNCOUNT: usu n N, N of n, N n
= rental

4. hire
If something is for hire , it is available for you to hire. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use for rent )

- Fishing tackle is available for hire and tuition can be arranged.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
= to rent

hire

verb

1.

employ

appoint

commission

engage

sign up

take on

2.

rent

charter

engage

lease

let

noun

3.

rental

charge

cost

fee

price

rent

hire out ***

hire out hires out; hiring out; hired out
If you hire out something such as a car or a person's services, you allow them to be used in return for payment.

- Companies hiring out narrow boats report full order books.

- His agency hires out security guards and bodyguards.

PHR-V

hireling

[D.J.:ˈhaiəliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪrlɪŋ]

n.

雇员,专为金钱而工作者

adj.

被雇用的

hireling

hireling hirelings
If you refer to someone as a hireling , you disapprove of them because they do not care who they work for and they are willing to do illegal or immoral things as long as they are paid.
N-COUNT disapproval

hire purchase

hire purchase
Hire purchase is a way of buying goods gradually. You make regular payments until you have paid the full price and the goods belong to you. (BRIT; in AM usually use installment plan )

- ...the serious problem of hire purchase and credit card debts.

- ...buying a car on hire purchase.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

hirsute

[D.J.:ˈhɜ:ˌsu:t, ˈhɪə-, həˈsu:t]

[K.K.:ˈhə..ˌsut, ˈhɪr-, hɚˈsut]

adj.

(尤指男子)多毛发的,头发蓬乱的

hirsute

hirsute
If a man is hirsute , he is hairy. (FORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED

his

[D.J.:hiz, ɪz]

[K.K.:hɪz]

pron.

(he的所有格)他的

(he的物主代词)他的东西

his *****

( His is a third person singular possessive determiner. His is also a possessive pronoun.)

1. his
You use his to indicate that something belongs or relates to a man, boy, or male animal.

- Brian splashed water on his face, then brushed his teeth.

- He spent a large part of his career in Hollywood.

- The past 10 years have been the happiest and most fulfilling of his life.

- The dog let his head thump on the floor again.

DET-POSS

2. his
Also a possessive pronoun.

- He had taken advice, but the decision was his.

- Anna reached out her hand to him and clasped his.

PRON-POSS

3. his
In written English, his is sometimes used to refer to a person without saying whether that person is a man or a woman. Some people dislike this use and prefer to use `his or her' or `their'.

- Formerly, the relations between a teacher and his pupils were dominated by fear on the part of the pupils.

- Everyone should receive a fair price for the product of his labour.

DET-POSS

4. his
Also a possessive pronoun.

- The student going to art or drama school will be even more enthusiastic about further education than the university student. His is not a narrow mind, but one eager to grasp every facet of anything he studies.

PRON-POSS

5. his
In some religions, His is used to refer to God.

- ...humble faith in God, and trust in His Church.

DET-POSS

6. his
Also a possessive pronoun.

- In what way do you feel called to serve God as a clergyman? Is it your way, or His?

PRON-POSS

Hispanic

[D.J.:hisˈpænik]

[K.K.:hɪˈspænɪk]

adj.

西班牙和葡萄牙的

西班牙及其他说西班牙语国家的

Hispanic **

1. Hispanic
A Hispanic person is a citizen of the United States of America who originally came from Latin America, or whose family originally came from Latin America.

- ...a group of Hispanic doctors in Washington...

- The former mayor of San Antonio is Hispanic.

ADJ

2. Hispanic Hispanics
A Hispanic is someone who is Hispanic.
N-COUNT

hiss

[D.J.:his]

[K.K.:hɪs]

vi.

发嘶嘶声

vt. & vi.

发嘘声表示反对

n.

嘶嘶声

hissing

[ˈhisiŋ]

n.

发嘶嘶声,蔑视

hiss *

1. hiss hisses hissing hissed
To hiss means to make a sound like a long `s'.

- The tires of Lenny's bike hissed over the wet pavement as he slowed down.

- My cat hissed when I stepped on its tail.

- Caporelli made a small hissing sound of irritation.

VB

2. hiss hisses
Also a noun.

- ...the hiss of water running into the burnt pan...

- The CD banished for ever all the hisses and crackles that had plagued disc recordings until then.

N-COUNT

3. hissing

- ...a silence broken only by a steady hissing from above my head.

N-UNCOUNT

4. hiss hisses hissing hissed
If you hiss something, you say it forcefully in a whisper.

- `Now, quiet,' my mother hissed.

- `Stay here,' I hissed at her.

VB

5. hiss hisses hissing hissed
If people hiss at someone such as a performer or a person making a speech, they express their disapproval or dislike of that person by making long loud `s' sounds.

- One had to listen hard to catch the words of the President's speech as the delegates booed and hissed.

- Some local residents whistled and hissed at them as they entered.

VB

6. hiss hisses
Also a noun.

- After a moment the barracking began. First came hisses, then shouts.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= hissing

hiss

noun

1.

sibilation

buzz

hissing

2.

catcall

boo

jeer

verb

3.

whistle

sibilate

wheeze

whirr

whiz

4.

jeer

boo

deride

hoot

mock

historian

[D.J.:hisˈtɔ:riən]

[K.K.:hɪˈstɔriən, -ˈstor-, -ˈstɑr-]

n.

历史学家, 史学工作者

historian **

historian historians
A historian is a person who specializes in the study of history, and who writes books and articles about it.
N-COUNT

historic

[D.J.:hisˈtɔrik]

[K.K.:hɪˈstɔrɪk, -ˈstɑr-]

adj.

历史上有名的, 具有重大历史意义的

historic ***

historic
Something that is historic is important in history, or likely to be considered important at some time in the future.

- ...the historic changes in Eastern Europe.

- ...a fourth historic election victory.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

historic

adjective

significant

epoch-making

extraordinary

famous

ground-breaking

momentous

notable

outstanding

remarkable

historical

[D.J.:hisˈtɔrikəl]

[K.K.:hɪˈstɔrɪkəl, -ˈstɑr-]

adj.

历史(学)的

historically

[D.J.:hɪsˈt ɔrɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:hɪsˈt ɔrɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

从历史角度,在历史上,以历史观点

根据历史事实

historical ***

1. historical
Historical people, situations, or things existed in the past and are considered to be a part of history.

- ...an important historical figure.

- ...the historical impact of Western capitalism on the world...

- In Buda, several historical monuments can be seen.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. historically

- Historically, royal marriages have been cold, calculating affairs.

ADV

3. historical
Historical books, films, or pictures describe or represent people, situations, or things that existed in the past.

- He is writing a historical novel about nineteenth-century France.

- ...another great Eisenstein historical film.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. historical
Historical information, research, and discussion is related to the study of history.

- ...historical records.

- ...modern historical research.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. historical
If you look at an event within a historical context, you look at what was happening at that time and what had happened previously, in order to judge the event and its importance.

- It was this kind of historical context that Morris brought to his work.

- The Telegraph puts the union in a historical perspective.

ADJ: ADJ n

historical

adjective

factual

actual

attested

authentic

documented

real

history

[D.J.:ˈhistəri]

[K.K.:ˈhɪstəri]

n.

历史学

历史

史实的叙述

经历, 履历; 来历

不再相关或不再重要的事实

history *****

1. history
If someone or something goes down in history , people in the future remember them because of particular actions that they have done or because of particular events that have happened.

- The Catholic Church has played a prominent role throughout Polish history.

- ...the most evil mass killer in history.

- ...the history of Birmingham.

- ...religious history.

- Willy Brandt made history by visiting East Germany in 1970.

- Bradley will go down in history as Los Angeles' longest serving mayor.

- ...a day that will go down in history.

PHR: V inflects

2. history
History is a subject studied in schools, colleges, and universities that deals with events that have happened in the past.
N-UNCOUNT

3. history histories
A history is an account of events that have happened in the past.

- ...his magnificent history of broadcasting in Canada.

- ...oral histories taken from elderly people in Rochester.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

4. history histories
If a person or a place has a history of something, it has been very common or has happened frequently in their past.

- He had a history of drink problems.

- The boy's mother had a history of abusing her children.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu a N of n/-ing
= record

5. history histories
Someone's history is the set of facts that are known about their past.

- He couldn't get a new job because of his medical history.

- ...an exhibition documenting the personal history of Anne Frank.

N-COUNT: with poss

6. history
If you say that an event, thing, or person is history , you mean that they are no longer important.

- The Charlottetown agreement is history.

N-UNCOUNT

7. history
If you are telling someone about an event and say the rest is history , you mean that you do not need to tell them what happened next because everyone knows about it already.

- We met at college, the rest is history.

PHR

history

noun

1.

chronicle

account

annals

narrative

recital

record

story

2.

the past

antiquity

olden days

yesterday

yesteryear

histrionic

[D.J.:ˌhɪstri:ˈɔnɪk]

[K.K.:ˌhɪstriˈɑnɪk]

adj.

做作的;过分戏剧化的;不自然的

<文>表演的,戏剧的

histrionic

histrionic
If you refer to someone's behaviour as histrionic , you are critical of it because it is very dramatic, exaggerated, and insincere.

- Dorothea let out a histrionic groan.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

histrionics

[D.J.:ˌhɪstri:ˈɔnɪks]

[K.K.:ˌhɪstriˈɑnɪks]

n.

(用作单数)戏剧表演;舞台艺术

(常复数)装模做样

histrionics

histrionics
If you disapprove of someone's dramatic and exaggerated behaviour, you can describe it as histrionics .

- When I explained everything to my mum and dad, there were no histrionics.

N-PLURAL disapproval

hit

[D.J.:hit]

[K.K.:hɪt]

vt. & vi.

打, 打击

碰撞

vt.

伤害, 殃及

n.

一击, 击中

成功而风行一时的事物

hits

采样数

hit *****

1. hit hits hitting
If you hit someone or something, you deliberately touch them with a lot of force, with your hand or an object held in your hand.

- Find the exact grip that allows you to hit the ball hard.

- She hit him hard across his left arm.

- Police at the scene said Dr Mahgoub had been hit several times in the head.

VB The form hit is used in the present tense and is the past and present participle
= strike

2. hit hits hitting
When one thing hits another, it touches it with a lot of force.

- The car had apparently hit a traffic sign before skidding out of control.

- She hit the last barrier and sprawled across the track.

VB The form hit is used in the present tense and is the past and present participle
= strike

3. hit hits hitting
If a bomb or missile hits its target, it reaches it.

- ...multiple-warhead missiles that could hit many targets at a time...

- The hospital had been hit with heavy artillery fire.

VB The form hit is used in the present tense and is the past and present participle

4. hit hits
Also a noun.

- First a house took a direct hit and then the rocket exploded.

N-COUNT The form hit is used in the present tense and is the past and present participle

5. hit hits hitting
If something hits a person, place, or thing, it affects them very badly. (JOURNALISM)

- The plan to charge motorists £75 a year to use the motorway is going to hit me hard.

- About two-hundred people died in the earthquake which hit northern Peru.

- Special schools were hardest hit.

VB The form hit is used in the present tense and is the past and present participle

6. hit hits hitting
When a feeling or an idea hits you, it suddenly affects you or comes into your mind.

- It hit me that I had a choice.

- Then the answer hit me. It had been staring me in the face.

VB The form hit is used in the present tense and is the past and present participle

7. hit hits hitting
If you hit a particular high or low point on a scale of something such as success or health, you reach it. (JOURNALISM)

- He admits to having hit the lowest point in his life .

- Oil prices hit record levels yesterday.

VB The form hit is used in the present tense and is the past and present participle

8. hit hits
If a record, film, or play is a hit , it is very popular and successful.

- The song became a massive hit in 1945.

- ...the surprise hit video of the year.

N-COUNT: oft N n The form hit is used in the present tense and is the past and present participle
≠ flop

9. hit hits
If someone who is searching for information on the Internet gets a hit , they find a website where there is that information.
N-COUNT The form hit is used in the present tense and is the past and present participle

10. hit
If two people hit it off , they like each other and become friendly as soon as they meet. (INFORMAL)

- They hit it off straight away, Daddy and Walter.

- How well did you hit it off with one another?

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, pl-n PHR, PHR with n The form hit is used in the present tense and is the past and present participle

11. hit
If you make a hit with someone, they like you or are impressed by you when they meet you. (INFORMAL)

- He made a hit with Lady Sopwith.

- She sends her best wishes -- you've obviously made a hit there.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR with n The form hit is used in the present tense and is the past and present participle

hit

verb

1.

strike

bang

beat

clout informal

knock

slap

smack

thump

wallop informal

whack

2.

collide with

bang into

bump

clash with

crash against

run into

smash into

3.

reach

accomplish

achieve

arrive at

attain

gain

4.

affect

damage

devastate

impact on

influence

leave a mark on

overwhelm

touch

hit it off

5.

get on (well) with

be on good terms

click slang

get on like a house on fire informal

noun

6.

stroke

belt informal

blow

clout informal

knock

rap

slap

smack

wallop informal

7.

success

sensation

smash informal

triumph

winner

hit back *****

1. hit back hits back; hitting back
If you hit back when someone hits you, or hit them back , you hit them in return.

- Some violent men beat up their sons, until the boys are strong enough to hit back.

- If somebody hit me, I'd hit him back.

PHR-V The form hit is used in the present tense and is the past and present participle

2. hit back hits back; hitting back
If you hit back at someone who has criticized or harmed you, you criticize or harm them in return. (JOURNALISM)

- The President has hit back at those who have criticised his economic reforms.

- British Rail immediately hit back with their own cheap fares scheme.

PHR-V The form hit is used in the present tense and is the past and present participle
= retaliate

hit on, hit upon *****

1. hit on hits on; hitting on
If you hit on an idea or a solution to a problem, or hit upon it, you think of it.

- After running through the numbers in every possible combination, we finally hit on a solution.

PHR-V The form hit is used in the present tense and is the past and present participle
= stumble on

2. hit on hits on; hitting on
If someone hits on you, they speak or behave in a way that shows they want to have a sexual relationship with you. (INFORMAL)

- She was hitting on me and I was surprised and flattered.

PHR-V The form hit is used in the present tense and is the past and present participle

hit on

verb

think up

arrive at

discover

invent

light upon

strike upon

stumble on

hit out *****

1. hit out hits out; hitting out
If you hit out at someone, you try to hit them, although you may miss them. (mainly BRIT)

- I used to hit out at my husband and throw things at him.

- I had never punched anybody in my life but I hit out and gave him a black eye.

PHR-V The form hit is used in the present tense and is the past and present participle
= lash out

2. hit out hits out; hitting out
If you hit out at someone or something, you criticize them strongly because you do not agree with them. (JOURNALISM)

- The President took the opportunity to hit out at what he sees as foreign interference.

- Brazilian soccer boss Carlos Parreira hit out angrily last night after his side were barred from training at Wembley.

PHR-V The form hit is used in the present tense and is the past and present participle

hit and miss

hit and miss
If something is hit and miss or hit or miss , it is sometimes successful and sometimes not.

- Farming can be very much a hit-and-miss affair.

ADJ-GRADED also hit-and-miss .

hit-and-run

[D.J.:ˈhɪtnˈrʌn]

[K.K.:ˈhɪtnˈrʌn]

adj.

打了就跑的

hit-and-run

1. hit-and-run
A hit-and-run accident is an accident in which the driver of a vehicle hits someone and then drives away without stopping.

- ...the victim of a hit-and-run accident.

- ...a hit-and-run driver in a stolen car.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. hit-and-run
A hit-and-run attack on an enemy position relies on surprise and speed for its success.

- The rebels appear to be making hit-and-run guerrilla style attacks on military targets.

ADJ: ADJ n

hitch

[D.J.:hitʃ]

[K.K.:hɪtʃ]

vt. & vi.

(免费)搭乘他人之车; 搭便车

vt.

(用环、钩等)套住, 钩住(某物)

n.

暂时的困难或问题; 意外障碍

急拉, 急推

绳套, 索结

hitching

[ˈhitʃiŋ]

v.

搭乘

hitch *

1. hitch hitches
A hitch is a slight problem or difficulty which causes a short delay.

- After some technical hitches the show finally got under way.

- The five-hour operation went without a hitch.

N-COUNT
= snag

2. hitch hitches hitching hitched
If you hitch , hitch a lift, or hitch a ride, you hitchhike. (INFORMAL)

- There was no garage in sight, so I hitched a lift into town.

- Jean-Phillippe had hitched all over Europe in the 1960s.

VB

3. hitch hitches hitching hitched
If you hitch something onto something else, you hook it or fasten it there.

- Last night we hitched the horse to the cart and moved here.

VB

4. hitch
If you get hitched , you get married. (INFORMAL)

- The report shows that fewer couples are getting hitched.

PHR: V inflects

hitch

noun

1.

problem

catch

difficulty

drawback

hindrance

hold-up

impediment

obstacle

snag

verb

2.

fasten

attach

connect

couple

harness

join

tether

tie

3.

hitchhike

thumb a lift

hitch up

4.

pull up

jerk

tug

yank

hitch up *

hitch up hitches up; hitching up; hitched up
If you hitch up a piece of clothing such as a skirt or pair of trousers, you pull it up into a higher position.

- She leapt from the car, hitched up her dress and sprinted down the road after him.

- He hitched his trousers up over his potbelly.

PHR-V

hitchhike

[D.J.:ˈhɪtʃˌhaɪk]

[K.K.:ˈhɪtʃˌhaɪk]

n.

搭便车(旅行)

vi.

<美><口>作搭便车式的旅行

hitchhiker

n.

搭便车的旅行者,顺便插入的广告,短篇广告

hitchhiking

v.

搭乘

hitchhike

1. hitchhike hitchhikes hitchhiking hitchhiked
If you hitchhike , you travel by getting lifts from passing vehicles without paying.

- Neff hitchhiked to New York during his Christmas vacation.

- They had an eighty-mile journey and decided to hitch-hike.

- She decided hitchhiking was her best method of escape.

VB also hitch-hike .

2. hitchhiker hitchhikers

- On my way to Vancouver one Friday night I picked up a hitchhiker.

N-COUNT

hither

[D.J.:ˈhiðə]

[K.K.:ˈhɪðɚ]

adv.

〈古〉到此处; 向此处

hither

1. hither
Hither means to the place where you are. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He has sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people.

ADV: ADV after v
= here

2. hither
Hither and thither means in many different directions or places, and in a disorganized way. In American English, the expression hither and yon is sometimes used.

- Refugees run hither and thither in search of safety.

- ...the awful amount of time I spend moving things hither and yon every year!

PHR: PHR after v

hitherto

[D.J.:ˌhiðəˈtu:]

[K.K.:ˈhɪðɚˌtu, ˌhɪðɚˈtu]

adv.

到目前为止

hitherto *

hitherto
You use hitherto to indicate that something was true up until the time you are talking about, although it may no longer be the case. (FORMAL)

- The polytechnics have hitherto been at an unfair disadvantage in competing for pupils and money.

- Hitherto, the main emphasis has been on the need to resist aggression.

- The helicopter is the first in the world to be designed to serve three hitherto very distinct markets.

ADV: ADV after v, ADV with cl, ADV adj/-ed

hitherto

adverb Informal

previously

heretofore

so far

thus far

until now

hit list *

1. hit list hit lists
If someone has a hit list of people or things, they are intending to take action concerning those people or things.

- Some banks also have a hit list of people whom they threaten to sue for damages.

N-COUNT: oft poss N, N of n

2. hit list hit lists
A hit list is a list that someone makes of people they intend to have killed.
N-COUNT

hitman

hitman hitmen
A hitman is a man who is hired by someone in order to kill another person.
N-COUNT also hit man .

hit parade

hit parade
The hit parade is the list of pop records which have sold most copies over the previous week or month. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Suede are once again riding high in the hit parade with their new single.

N-SING: the N
= charts

hitter

[D.J.:ˈhitə]

[K.K.:ˈhɪtɚ]

n.

打者,击手,(棒球)击球员

hitter *

1. hitter hitters
In sports, a hitter is someone who is good at hitting the ball.

- The Georgian, aged 19, is not one of the game's big hitters.

N-COUNT

2. hitter hitters
If you refer to someone such as a politician or a businessman as a heavy hitter or a big hitter , you mean that they are powerful and influential.

- ...friendships with heavy hitters like European industrialist Carlo De Benedetti.

N-COUNT: adj N

HIV

[D.J.:ˌeɪtʃaɪˈvi:]

[K.K.:ˌetʃaɪˈvi]

abbr.

human immunodeficiency virus 人体免疫缺损病毒,艾滋病病毒

HIV

[D.J.:ˌeɪtʃaɪˈvi:]

[K.K.:ˌetʃaɪˈvi]

abbr.

human immunodeficiency virus 人体免疫缺损病毒，艾滋病病毒

HIV ***

1. HIV
HIV is a virus which reduces people's resistance to illness and can cause AIDS. HIV is an abbreviation for `human immunodeficiency virus'.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. HIV
If someone is HIV positive , they are infected with the HIV virus, and may develop AIDS. If someone is HIV negative , they are not infected with the virus.
PHR: v-link PHR

hive

[D.J.:haɪv]

[K.K.:haɪv]

n.

蜂箱, 蜂巢

蜂群

喧闹地区

vt.

使（蜂）入蜂箱

vi.

（蜂）进入蜂箱

hive sth off (into/to sth)

把一部份分离出来；卖掉公司的一部分

hives

[D.J.:haivz]

[K.K.:haɪvz]

n.

〈医〉荨麻疹

hive *

1. hive hives
A hive is the same as a beehive .
N-COUNT

2. hive hives
If you describe a place as a hive of activity, you approve of the fact that there is a lot of activity there or that people are busy working there.

- In the morning the house was a hive of activity.

- Stuart Tannahill's shed is a veritable hive of photographic creativity.

N-COUNT: N of n approval

3. hive
Hives is a condition in which patches of your skin become red and very uncomfortable and itchy.
N-UNCOUNT

hive off *

hive off hives off; hiving off; hived off
If someone hives off part of a business, they transfer it to new ownership, usually by selling it. (mainly BRIT)

- Klockner plans to hive off its loss-making steel businesses.

- Lufthansa had originally planned to hive off its domestic operations into a subsidiary, Lufthansa Express.

PHR-V

hiya

[ˈhaijə]

int.

你好!

hiya

hiya
You can say ` hiya ' when you are greeting someone. (INFORMAL)

- Hiya. How are you?

CONVENTION formulae
= hi

HM

在Help工程中，该文件定义了帮助文件与对话框、菜单或其他资源之间ID值的对应关系

HM *

HM
HM is the written abbreviation for Her or His Majesty or Her or His Majesty's . It is used as part of the name of some British government organizations, or as part of a person's title.

- ...HM the Queen.

- ...his enlistment in HM Armed Forces.

- ...HM Chief Inspector of Fire Services.

h'm

[hm]

int.

hem或hum的缩写

h'm

h'm
H'm is used in writing to represent a noise that people make when they are hesitating, for example because they are thinking about something.
also hm .

HMS

abbr.

Her[His] Majesty's Service <英>政府公务

HMS

abbr.

Her[His] Majesty's Service 〈英〉政府公务

HMS *

HMS
HMS is used before the names of ships in the British Royal Navy. HMS is an abbreviation for `Her Majesty's Ship' or `His Majesty's Ship'.

- ...launching HMS Warrior.

N-IN-NAMES: N n

HNC

abbr.

(英国技术职业教育的)国家高等合格证书

HNC

abbr.

（英国技术职业教育的）国家高等合格证书

HNC

HNC HNCs
An HNC is a group of examinations in technical subjects which you can take at a British college. HNC is an abbreviation for `Higher National Certificate'.

- ...passing his HNC in computer studies.

N-VAR

hoard

[D.J.:hɔ:d]

[K.K.:hɔrd, hord]

n.

(钱财、食物或其他珍贵物品的)储藏, 积存

vt. & vi.

积蓄并储藏(某物)

hoarder

n.

囤积者,贮藏者

hoarding

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:diŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrdɪŋ, ˈhor-]

n.

贮藏,积蓄,临时围墙,囤积

hoard *

1. hoard hoards hoarding hoarded
If you hoard things such as food or money, you save or store them, often in secret, because they are valuable or important to you.

- They've begun to hoard food and gasoline and save their money.

- Consumers did not spend and create jobs; they hoarded.

- The tea was sweetened with a hoarded tin of condensed milk.

VB

2. hoarder hoarders

- Most hoarders have favorite hiding places.

N-COUNT

3. hoard hoards
A hoard is a store of things that you have saved and that are valuable or important to you or you do not want other people to have.

- The case involves a hoard of silver and jewels valued at up to $40m.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= cache

hoarding

hoarding hoardings
A hoarding is a very large board at the side of a road or on the side of a building, which is used for displaying advertisements and posters. (BRIT; in AM usually use billboard )

- An advertising hoarding on the platform caught her attention.

N-COUNT
= billboard

hoard

noun

1.

store

accumulation

cache

fund

pile

reserve

stockpile

supply

treasure-trove

verb

2.

save

accumulate

amass

collect

gather

lay up

put by

stash away informal

stockpile

store

hoarse

[D.J.:hɔ:s]

[K.K.:hɔrs, hors]

adj.

(指声音)粗哑的, 嘶哑的

hoarsely

[D.J.:ˈh ɔ:slɪ]

[K.K.:ˈhorslɪ]

adv.

嘶哑地;刺耳地

hoarseness

n.

嘶哑,刺耳

hoarse *

1. hoarse hoarser hoarsest
If your voice is hoarse or if you are hoarse , your voice sounds rough and unclear, for example because your throat is sore.

- `So what do you think?' she said in a hoarse whisper.

- Nick's voice was hoarse with screaming.

- The small British crowd roared themselves hoarse, waving their Union Jacks.

ADJ-GRADED

2. hoarsely

- `Thank you,' Maria said hoarsely.

ADV-GRADED

3. hoarseness

- Hoarseness is very common in the winter season.

N-UNCOUNT

hoarse

adjective

raucous

croaky

grating

gravelly

gruff

guttural

husky

rasping

rough

throaty

hoary

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:ri:, ˈhəʊri:]

[K.K.:ˈhɔri, ˈhori]

adj.

(尤指毛发)因年老而变灰或变白的

古老的;陈旧的

hoary

hoary
If you describe a problem or subject as hoary , you mean that it is old and familiar.

- ...the hoary old myth that women are unpredictable.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

hoax

[D.J.:həʊks]

[K.K.:hoks]

n.

恶作剧;戏弄

vt.

开玩笑骗某人;戏弄某人

hoax *

hoax hoaxes
A hoax is a trick in which someone tells people a lie, for example that there is a bomb somewhere when there is not, or that a picture is genuine when it is not.

- A series of bomb hoaxes has disrupted Christmas shopping in the city centre.

- He denied making the hoax call but was convicted after a short trial.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N n

hoax

noun

1.

trick

con informal

deception

fraud

practical joke

prank

spoof informal

swindle

verb

2.

deceive

con slang

dupe

fool

hoodwink

swindle

take in informal

trick

hoaxer

欺骗者,戏弄者

hoaxer

hoaxer hoaxers
A hoaxer is someone who carries out a hoax. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

hob

[D.J.:hɔb]

[K.K.:hɑb]

n.

炉盘(炉具上部供放置锅、壶等以加热的平面)

(尤指旧时)(壁炉侧面供锅、壶等加温用的)平面金属架

hob *

hob hobs
A hob is a surface on top of a cooker or set into a work surface, which can be heated in order to cook things on it. (BRIT; in AM use burner )
N-COUNT

hobble

[D.J.:ˈhɔbəl]

[K.K.:ˈhɑbəl]

vi.

跛行;蹒跚;一瘸一拐地走

vt.

捆缚(马等)之两腿(以防走失)

n.

跛行;蹒跚

hobbles

[ˈhɔblz]

n.

(兽)足枷

hobble *

1. hobble hobbles hobbling hobbled
If you hobble , you walk in an awkward way with small steps, for example because your foot is injured.

- He got up slowly and hobbled over to the coffee table.

- The swelling had begun to go down, and he was able, with pain, to hobble.

VB

2. hobble hobbles hobbling hobbled
To hobble something or someone means to make it more difficult for them to be successful or to achieve what they want.

- The poverty of 10 million citizens not only demeans our society but its cost also hobbles our economy.

VB
= hinder

hobby

[D.J.:ˈhɔbi]

[K.K.:ˈhɑbi]

n.

业余爱好

hobby **

hobby hobbies
A hobby is an activity that you enjoy doing in your spare time.

- My hobbies are letter writing, football, music, photography, and tennis.

N-COUNT
= pastime

hobby

noun

pastime

diversion

(leisure) activity

leisure pursuit

relaxation

hobby-horse

n.

①马头杆子(玩具)；竹马②(讨论、交谈中)喜爱的话题

hobby-horse

hobby-horse hobby-horses
You describe a subject or idea as your hobby-horse if you have strong feelings on it and like talking about it whenever you have the opportunity.

- Honesty is a favourite hobby-horse for Courau.

N-COUNT also hobbyhorse .

hobbyist

[ˈhɔbiist]

n.

沉溺于某种癖好者,嗜某爱好成癖的人

hobbyist

hobbyist hobbyists
You can refer to person who is very interested in a particular hobby and spends a lot of time on it as a hobbyist .
N-COUNT

hobnob

[D.J.:ˈhɔbnɔb]

[K.K.:ˈhɑbˌnɑb]

vi.,n.

对酌,共饮,(亲切)交谈

hobnob

hobnob hobnobs hobnobbing hobnobbed
If you disapprove of the way in which someone is spending a lot of time with a group of people, especially rich and powerful people, you can say that he or she is hobnobbing with them. (INFORMAL)

- This gave Bill an opportunity to hobnob with the company's president, board chairman, and leading executives.

VB disapproval

hobnob

verb

socialize

associate

consort

fraternize

hang about

hang out informal

keep company

mingle

mix

hobo

[D.J.:ˈhəubəu]

[K.K.:ˈhobo]

n.

流动的失业工人; 无业游民

流浪者; 漂泊者

hobo

1. hobo hobos or hoboes
A hobo is a person who has no home, especially one who travels from place to place and gets money by begging. (AM; in BRIT use tramp )
N-COUNT

2. hobo hobos or hoboes
A hobo is a worker, especially a farm worker, who goes from place to place in order to find work. (AM)
N-COUNT
= itinerant

hock

[D.J.:hɔk]

[K.K.:hɑk]

n.,v.

典当

hock

1. hock hocks
Hock is a type of dry white wine from Germany. (mainly BRIT)

- ...a glass of hock.

N-MASS

2. hock hocks
The hock of an animal, especially a horse, is the joint in its back leg that points backwards.
N-COUNT

3. hock hocks
A hock is a piece of meat from above the foot of an animal, especially a pig.

- ...ham hocks with garlic and mustard sauce.

N-COUNT: usu n N

4. hock
If someone is in hock , they are in debt.

- Even company directors on £100,000 a year can be deeply in hock to the banks.

PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR to n

5. hock
If you are in hock to someone, you feel you have to do things for them because they have given you money or support.

- It is almost impossible for the prime minister to stand above the factions. He always seems in hock to one or another.

PHR: v-link PHR n

hockey

[D.J.:ˈhɔki]

[K.K.:ˈhɑki]

n.

曲棍球

hockey **

1. hockey
Hockey is an outdoor game played between two teams of 11 players who use long curved sticks to hit a small ball and try to score goals. (BRIT; in AM usually use field hockey )

- She played hockey for the national side.

- ...the British hockey team.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. hockey
Hockey is a game played on ice between two teams of 11 players who use long curved sticks to hit a small rubber disk, called a puck, and try to score goals. (AM; in BRIT usually use ice hockey )
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

hocus-pocus

[D.J.:ˈhəukəsˈpəukəs]

[K.K.:ˌhokəsˈpokəs]

n.

哄骗

hocus-pocus

hocus-pocus
If you describe something as hocus-pocus , you disapprove of it because you think it is false and intended to trick or deceive people.

- It is unlikely he would have mistaken hocus-pocus for genuine knowledge.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= trickery

hod

[D.J.:hɔd]

[K.K.:hɑd]

n.

灰浆桶

hod

hod hods
A hod is a container that is used by a building worker for carrying bricks.
N-COUNT

hodgepodge

[D.J.:ˈhɔdʒpɔdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈhɑdʒˌpɑdʒ]

n.

大杂烩

hodgepodge

hodgepodge
A hodgepodge is an untidy mixture of different types of things. (INFORMAL) (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use hotch-potch )

- ...a hodgepodge of maps, small tools, and notebooks.

N-SING: usu with supp, oft N of n also hodge-podge .
= jumble

hoe

[D.J.:həu]

[K.K.:ho]

n.

锄头

vt. & vi.

锄

hoeing

挖掘

hoe *

1. hoe hoes
A hoe is a gardening tool with a long handle and a small square blade, which you use to remove small weeds and break up the surface of the soil.
N-COUNT

2. hoe hoes hoeing hoed
If you hoe a field or crop, you use a hoe on the weeds or soil there.

- I have to feed the chickens and hoe the potatoes.

- Today he was hoeing in the vineyard.

VB

3. hoe
If you say that someone has a hard row to hoe or a tough row to hoe , you mean that they are in a difficult situation and have many problems to deal with.
PHR: N inflects

hog

[D.J.:hɔ:g, hɔg]

[K.K.:hɔɡ, hɑɡ]

n.

猪(供食用的, 尤指阉过的公猪)

<口>自私的或贪婪的人

go the whole hog

彻底地做某事；干到底；尽力而为

hogged

[hɔɡd]

adj.

(船)中拱的,(路)拱曲的

hogging

[ˈhɔɡiŋ]

n.

弯[翘]曲,挠度,扭曲

hog *

1. hog hogs
A hog is a pig. In British English, hog usually refers to a large male pig that has been castrated, but in American English it can refer to any kind of pig.

- We picked the corn by hand and we fed it to the hogs and the cows.

- Johnny Warrick has a hog farm in Alabama.

N-COUNT

2. hog hogs hogging hogged
If you hog something, you take all of it in a greedy or impolite way. (INFORMAL)

- Have you done hogging the bathroom?.

- Now, Bert, quit hogging the limelight.

VB

3. hog
If you go the whole hog , you do something bold or extravagant in the most complete way possible. (INFORMAL)

- Well, I thought, I've already lost half my job, I might as well go the whole hog and lose it completely.

PHR: V inflects

Hogmanay

[D.J.:ˌhɔgməˈneɪ, ˈhɔgməˌneɪ]

[K.K.:ˌhɑɡməˈne, ˈhɑɡməˌne]

n.

（苏格兰的）除夕；除夕活动，除夕聚会

Hogmanay

Hogmanay
Hogmanay is New Year's Eve in Scotland and the celebrations that take place at that time.
N-UNCOUNT

hogwash

[D.J.:ˈhɔɡwɔʃ]

[K.K.:ˈhɑɡˌwɑʃ, -wɑʃ, ˈhɑɡ-]

n.

猪食

hogwash

hogwash
If you describe what someone says as hogwash , you think it is nonsense. (INFORMAL)

- Sugar said it was a `load of hogwash' that he was not interested in football.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= rubbish

ho ho

1. ho ho
Ho ho or ho ho ho is used in writing to represent the sound that people make when they laugh.

- `Ha, ha, ho, ho,' he chortled.

EXCLAM also ho ho ho .

2. ho hum
You can use ho hum when you want to show that you think something is not interesting, remarkable, or surprising in any way. (INFORMAL)

- My general reaction to this news might be summed up as `ho-hum'.

- The music is generally terrific but the scripting and acting are a bit ho-hum.

PHR also ho-hum . feelings

3. ho hum
You can say ho hum to show that you accept an unpleasant situation because it is not very serious. (INFORMAL)

- Ho hum, another nice job down the drain.

EXCLAM feelings
= oh well

hoi polloi

hoi polloi
If someone refers to the hoi polloi , they are referring in a humorous or rather rude way to ordinary people, in contrast to rich, well-educated, or upper-class people.

- Monstrously inflated costs are designed to keep the hoi polloi at bay.

N-PLURAL
= riff-raff

hoist

[D.J.:hɔist]

[K.K.:hɔɪst]

vt.

把…吊起, 升起

n.

吊起; 举起; 提升

起重器械

hoisting

[ˈhɔistiŋ]

n.

起重,提升

hoist *

1. hoist hoists hoisting hoisted
If you hoist something heavy somewhere, you lift it or pull it up there.

- Hoisting my suitcase on to my shoulder, I turned and headed toward my hotel.

- Grabbing the side of the bunk, he hoisted himself to a sitting position.

VB

2. hoist hoists hoisting hoisted
If something heavy is hoisted somewhere, it is lifted there using a machine such as a crane.

- A twenty-foot steel pyramid is to be hoisted into position on top of the tower.

- Then a crane hoisted him on to the platform.

VB

3. hoist hoists
A hoist is a machine for lifting heavy things.
N-COUNT

4. hoist hoists hoisting hoisted
If you hoist a flag or a sail, you pull it up to its correct position by using ropes.

- A group forced their way through police cordons and hoisted their flag on top of the disputed monument.

VB

hoist

verb

1.

raise

elevate

erect

heave

lift

noun

2.

lift

crane

elevator

winch

hokum

[D.J.:ˈhəukəm]

[K.K.:ˈhokəm]

n.

废话

hokum

hokum
If you describe something as hokum , you think it is nonsense. (INFORMAL)

- The book is enjoyable hokum.

N-UNCOUNT
= nonsense

hold against phrasal verbs *****

hold against holds against; holding against; held against
If you hold something against someone, you let their actions in the past influence your present attitude towards them and cause you to deal severely or unfairly with them.

- Bernstein lost the case, but never held it against Grundy.

PHR-V

hold back *****

1. hold back holds back; holding back; held back
If you hold back or something holds you back , you hesitate before you do something because you are not sure whether it is the right thing to do.

- The administration had several reasons for holding back.

- Melancholy and mistrust of men hold her back.

PHR-V-ERG

2. hold back holds back; holding back; held back
To hold someone or something back means to prevent someone from doing something, or to prevent something from happening.

- Stagnation in home sales is holding back economic recovery.

- Jake wanted to wake up, but sleep held him back.

PHR-V
= inhibit

3. hold back holds back; holding back; held back
If you hold something back , you keep it in reserve to use later.

- Farmers apparently hold back produce in the hope that prices will rise.

PHR-V

4. hold back holds back; holding back; held back
If you hold something back , you do not include it in the information you are giving about something.

- You seem to be holding something back.

PHR-V

5. hold back holds back; holding back; held back
If you hold back something such as tears or laughter, or if you hold back , you make an effort to stop yourself from showing how you feel.

- She kept trying to hold back her tears.

- He could no longer hold back convulsive laughter.

- I was close to tears with frustration, but I held back.

PHR-V

hold down *****

1. hold down holds down; holding down; held down
If you hold down a job or a place in a team, you manage to keep it.

- He never could hold down a job.

- Constant injury problems had made it tough for him to hold down a regular first team place.

PHR-V: oft with brd-neg

2. hold down holds down; holding down; held down
If you hold someone down , you keep them under control and do not allow them to have much freedom or power or many rights.

- Everyone thinks there is some vast conspiracy wanting to hold down the younger generation.

PHR-V

hold in *****

hold in holds in; holding in; held in
If you hold in an emotion or feeling, you do not allow yourself to express it, often making it more difficult to deal with.

- Depression can be traced to holding in anger.

- Go ahead and cry. Don't hold it in.

PHR-V

hold off *****

1. hold off holds off; holding off; held off
If you hold off doing something, you delay doing it or delay making a decision about it.

- The hospital staff held off taking Rosenbaum in for an X-ray.

- They have threatened military action but held off until now.

PHR-V

2. hold off holds off; holding off; held off
If you hold off a challenge in a race or competition, you do not allow someone to pass you.

- Alesi drove his Tyrrell magnificently, holding off a tremendous challenge from Gerhard Berger.

PHR-V

hold on, hold onto *****

1. hold on holds on; holding on; held on
If you hold on , or hold onto something, you keep your hand on it or around it, for example to prevent the thing from falling or to support yourself.

- His right arm was extended up beside his head, still holding on to a coffee cup.

- He was struggling to hold onto a rock on the face of the cliff.

- Despite her aching shoulders, Nancy held on.

PHR-V

2. hold on holds on; holding on; held on
If you hold on , you manage to achieve success or avoid failure in spite of great difficulties or opposition.

- Juanito scored for the Spaniards with only two minutes left, but the Romanians held on.

- This Government deserved to lose power a year ago. It held on.

- You helped me to hold on at times when I didn't think I could even go on trying.

PHR-V

3. hold on holds on; holding on; held on
If you ask someone to hold on , you are asking them to wait for a short time. (SPOKEN)

- The manager asked him to hold on while he investigated.

- Hold on a minute.

PHR-V

hold on to, hold onto *****

1. hold on holds on; holding on; held on
If you hold on to something that gives you an advantage, you succeed in keeping it for yourself, and prevent it from being taken away or given to someone else.

- Jane is determined to hold on to her fortune.

- Firms are now keen to hold on to the people they recruit.

- ...a politician who knew how to hold onto power.

PHR-V

2. hold on holds on; holding on; held on
If you hold on to something, you keep it for a longer time than would normally be expected.

- Do you think you could hold on to that report for the next day or two?.

- People hold onto letters for years and years.

PHR-V
= keep

3. hold on holds on; holding on; held on
If you hold on to your beliefs, ideas, or principles, you continue to believe in them and do not change or abandon them if others try to influence you or if circumstances cause you to doubt them.

- He was imprisoned for 19 years yet held on to his belief in his people.

PHR-V

hold out *****

1. hold out holds out; holding out; held out
If you hold out your hand or something you have in your hand, you move your hand away from your body, for example to shake hands with someone.

- `I'm Nancy Drew,' she said, holding out her hand.

- Max held out his cup for a refill.

PHR-V

2. hold out holds out; holding out; held out
If you hold out for something, you refuse to accept something which you do not think is good enough or large enough, and you continue to demand more.

- I should have held out for a better deal.

- He can only hold out a few more weeks.

PHR-V

3. hold out holds out; holding out; held out
If you say that someone is holding out on you, you think that they are refusing to give you information that you want. (INFORMAL)

- He had always believed that kids could sense it when you held out on them.

PHR-V

4. hold out holds out; holding out; held out
If you hold out , you manage to resist an enemy or opponent in difficult circumstances and refuse to give in.

- The guerrillas were holding out in the Paghman valley.

- One prisoner was still holding out on the roof of the jail.

PHR-V

5. hold out holds out; holding out; held out
If you hold out hope of something happening, you hope that in the future something will happen as you want it to.

- He still holds out hope that they could be a family again.

PHR-V

hold over *****

1. hold over holds over; holding over; held over
If you hold something over someone, you use it in order to threaten them or make them do what you want.

- Did Laurie know something, and hold it over Felicity?

PHR-V

2. hold over holds over; holding over; held over
If something is held over , it does not happen or it is not dealt with until a future date.

- Further voting might be held over until tomorrow.

- We would have held the story over until the next day.

PHR-V

hold together *****

hold together holds together; holding together; held together
If you hold a group of people together , you help them to live or work together without arguing, although they may have different aims, attitudes, or interests.

- Her 13-year-old daughter is holding the family together.

- ...the political balance which holds together the government...

- The coalition will never hold together for six months.

PHR-V-ERG

hold with *****

hold with holds with; holding with; held with
If you do not hold with an activity or action, you do not approve of it.

- I don't hold with the way they do things nowadays.

PHR-V: with brd-neg

hold with

verb

approve of

agree to or with

be in favour of

countenance

subscribe to

support

holdall

[D.J.:ˈhəuldɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈholdˌɔl]

n.

(旅行用的)手提箱或手提袋

holdall

holdall holdalls
A holdall is a strong bag which you use to carry your clothes and other things, for example when you are travelling. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use carryall )
N-COUNT also hold-all .

holder

[D.J.:ˈhəuldə]

[K.K.:ˈholdɚ]

n.

支持物, 持有者; (支票等)持有人

holder ***

1. holder holders
A holder is someone who owns or has something.

- This season the club has had 73,500 season-ticket holders.

- ...Peter Koech, the record holder in the 3, 000 metres steeplechase.

- ...the holders of the European Football Championship.

N-COUNT: n N, N of n

2. holder holders
A holder is a container in which you put an object, usually in order to protect it or to keep it in place.

- ...a toothbrush holder.

- ...a cigarette holder.

N-COUNT: usu n N

holder

noun

1.

owner

bearer

keeper

possessor

proprietor

2.

case

container

cover

holdout

[D.J.:ˈhəuldaut]

[K.K.:ˈholdˌaʊt]

n.

坚持

holdout

holdout holdouts
A holdout is someone who refuses to agree or act with other people in a particular situation and by doing so stops the situation from progressing or being resolved. (AM)

- France has been the holdout in trying to negotiate an end to the dispute.

N-COUNT

hold-up

停车;停顿;停止;支持;滞留量;拦截

hold-up *

1. hold-up hold-ups
A hold-up is a situation in which someone is threatened with a weapon in order to make them hand over money or valuables.
N-COUNT also holdup .
= raid

2. hold-up hold-ups
A hold-up is something which causes a delay.
N-COUNT also holdup .

3. hold-up hold-ups
A hold-up is the stopping or very slow movement of traffic, sometimes caused by an accident which happened earlier.

- They arrived late due to a motorway hold-up.

N-COUNT also holdup .

hold-up

noun

1.

delay

bottleneck

hitch

setback

snag

stoppage

traffic jam

wait

2.

robbery

mugging informal

stick-up slang chiefly U.S.

theft

hole

[D.J.:həul]

[K.K.:hol]

n.

洞, 孔; 窝

破洞, 裂口; 漏洞, 破绽

困境, 窘境

vt. & vi.

(在…上)打洞或穿孔

holes

中断

holing

[ˈhəuliŋ]

n.

掏槽落煤法,石板瓦钻孔

hole ****

1. hole holes
A hole is a hollow space in something solid, with an opening on one side.

- He took a shovel, dug a hole, and buried his once-prized possessions.

- The builders had cut holes into the soft stone to support the ends of the beams.

- ...a 60ft hole.

N-COUNT

2. hole holes
A hole is an opening in something that goes right through it.

- These tiresome creatures eat holes in the leaves.

- Armed robbers broke into the jeweller's through a hole in the wall.

- ...kids with holes in the knees of their jeans.

N-COUNT: oft N in n

3. hole holes
A hole is the home or hiding place of a mouse, rabbit, or other small animal.

- ...a rabbit hole.

N-COUNT

4. hole holes
A hole in a law, theory, or argument is a fault or weakness that it has.

- There were some holes in that theory, some unanswered questions.

N-COUNT: oft N in n
= flaw

5. hole holes
If you refer to a place as a hole , you are emphasizing that you think it is very unpleasant. (INFORMAL)

- Why don't you leave this awful hole and come to live with me?

N-COUNT: usu adj N disapproval
= dump

6. hole holes
A hole is also one of the nine or eighteen sections of a golf course.

- I played nine holes with Gary Player today.

N-COUNT

7. hole holes
A hole is one of the places on a golf course that the ball must drop into, usually marked by a flag.
N-COUNT

8. hole holes holing holed
If you hole in a game of golf, you hit the ball so that it goes into the hole.

- He holed from nine feet at the 18th.

- Frost holed a bunker shot from 50 feet to snatch the title by one stroke.

VB

9. hole holes holing holed
If something such as a building or ship is holed , holes are made in it by guns or other weapons. (mainly BRIT)

- Blocks of flats have been holed and some shells have fallen within the historic ramparts.

VB: usu passive

10. hole
If you say that you need something or someone like a hole in the head , you are emphasizing that you do not want them and that they would only add to the problems that you already have. (INFORMAL)

- We need more folk heroes like we need a hole in the head.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

11. hole
If you say that you are in a hole , you mean that you are in a difficult or embarrassing situation. (INFORMAL)

- He admitted that the government was in `a dreadful hole'.

PHR: v-link PHR

12. hole
If you get a hole in one in golf, you get the golf ball into the hole with a single stroke.

- All they ever dream about is getting a hole in one.

PHR: usu v PHR

13. hole
If you pick holes in an argument or theory, you find weak points in it so that it is no longer valid. (INFORMAL)

- He then goes on to pick holes in the article before reaching his conclusion.

PHR: V inflects

hole

noun

1.

opening

aperture

breach

crack

fissure

gap

orifice

perforation

puncture

tear

vent

2.

cavity

cave

cavern

chamber

hollow

pit

3.

burrow

den

earth

lair

shelter

4.

hovel

dive slang

dump informal

slum

5.

predicament

dilemma

fix informal

hot water informal

jam informal

mess

scrape informal

spot informal

tight spot

hole up ****

hole up holes up; holing up; holed up
If you hole up somewhere, you hide or shut yourself there, usually so that people cannot find you or disturb you. (INFORMAL)

- His creative process involves holing up in his Paris flat with the phone off the hook.

PHR-V

holed up

holed up
If you are holed up somewhere, you are hiding or staying there, usually so that other people cannot find or disturb you. (INFORMAL)

- If he had another well-stocked hideaway like this, he could stay holed up for months.

- I wanted to spend Sundays holed up together in our flat.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

hole-in-the-wall

adj.

狭小的,简陋的

hole-in-the-wall

hole-in-the-wall
A hole-in-the-wall machine is a machine built into the wall of a bank or other building, which allows people to take out money from their bank account by using a special card. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use ATM )

- Hole-in-the-wall cash machines were introduced in the 1970s.

N-SING: usu N n
= cash dispenser

holiday

[D.J.:ˈhɔlədi]

[K.K.:ˈhɑlɪˌde]

n.

假期

holidays

[ˈhɔləˌdeiz]

n.

在假日,每逢假日

holiday ****

1. holiday holidays
A holiday is a period of time during which you relax and enjoy yourself away from home. People sometimes refer to their holiday as their holidays. (BRIT; in AM use vacation )

- I've just come back from a holiday in the United States.

- We rang Duncan to ask where he was going on holiday.

- Ischia is a popular seaside holiday resort.

- We're going to Scotland for our holidays.

N-COUNT: also on/from N

2. holiday holidays
A holiday is a day when people do not go to work or school because of a religious or national festival.

- New Year's Day is a public holiday throughout Britain.

- He invited her to spend the Fourth of July holiday at his summer home on Fire Island.

- Bad weather has caused dozens of flight cancellations over the holiday weekend.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
See also bank holiday .

3. holiday holidays
The holidays are the time when children do not have to go to school. (BRIT; in AM use vacation )

- ...the first day of the school holidays.

N-PLURAL: usu the N, oft n N

4. holiday
If you have a particular number of days' or weeks' holiday , you do not have to go to work for that number of days or weeks. (BRIT; in AM use vacation )

- Every worker will be entitled to four weeks' paid holiday a year.

N-UNCOUNT

5. holiday holidays holidaying holidayed
If you are holidaying in a place away from home, you are on holiday there. (BRIT; in AM use vacation )

- Sampling the local cuisine is one of the delights of holidaying abroad.

- Vacant rooms on the campus were being used by holidaying families.

VB: oft cont

holiday

noun Informal

1.

vacation

break

leave

recess

time off

2.

festival

celebration

feast

fête

gala

holiday camp

holiday camp holiday camps
In Britain, a holiday camp is a place which provides holiday accommodation and entertainment for large numbers of people.
N-COUNT

holidaymaker

[D.J.:ˈhɔlɪdeɪˌmeɪkə]

[K.K.:ˈhɑlɪdeˌmekɚ]

n.

<英>度假者

holidaymaker *

holidaymaker holidaymakers
A holidaymaker is a person who is away from their home on holiday. (BRIT; in AM use vacationer )
N-COUNT also holiday-maker .

holier-than-thou

[D.J.:ˈhəuliəðənˈðau]

[K.K.:ˌholiəðənˈðaʊ]

adj.

假仁假义的

holier-than-thou

holier-than-thou
If you describe someone as holier-than-thou , you disapprove of them because they seem to believe that they are more religious or have better moral qualities than anyone else.

- He has always sounded holier-than-thou.

- ...those with holier-than-thou attitudes.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= self-righteous

holiness

[D.J.:ˈhəʊli:nɪs]

[K.K.:ˈholinɪs]

n.

神圣

(对罗马教皇的尊称)陛下,圣座

holiness

1. holiness
Holiness is the state or quality of being holy.

- The holiness of God reveals one's own sin.

- We were immediately struck by this city's holiness.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. holiness
You say Your Holiness or His Holiness when you address or refer respectfully to the Pope or to leaders of some other religions.

- The President received His Holiness at the White House.

N-VOC: poss N; PRON: poss PRON politeness

holiness

noun

divinity

godliness

piety

purity

righteousness

sacredness

saintliness

sanctity

spirituality

holism

[D.J.:ˈhəulizm]

[K.K.:ˈhoˌlɪzəm]

n.

整体论

holism

holism
Holism is the belief that everything in nature is connected in some way. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

holistic

[D.J.:həʊˈlɪstɪk]

[K.K.:hoˈlɪstɪk]

adj.

全部的

holistic *

holistic
Holistic means based on the principles of holism. (FORMAL)

- ...practitioners of holistic medicine.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

holler

[D.J.:ˈhɔlə]

[K.K.:ˈhɑlɚ]

vt. & vi.

喊出(某事物); 叫喊

holler *

1. holler hollers hollering hollered
If you holler , you shout loudly. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- The audience whooped and hollered.

- `Watch out!' he hollered.

- In a minute he'll be hollering at me for coming in late.

- Cal hollered for help.

- Nick hollered for her to pick up her orders.

VB
= shout yell

2. holler hollers
Also a noun.

- On the ship's deck, after the whoops and hollers, the butchering begins.

N-COUNT

3. holler out; hollers out; hollering out; hollered out
Holler out means the same as holler .

- I hollered out the names.

- I heard him holler out, `Somebody bombed the Church.'

PHR-V

hollow

[D.J.:ˈhɔləu]

[K.K.:ˈhɑlo]

adj.

空的

凹的

空洞的

虚伪的

n.

洞, 坑, 凹地

vt.

挖洞

hollowing

[ˈhɔləuiŋ]

n.

一种雕塑技法(在制作大的作品时,在选定的部位采取逐步斜陷的办法以增强明暗效果,为罗丹所首创)

hollowness

n.

凹窝,空虚,空旷

hollows

圆角面

hollow **

1. hollow
Something that is hollow has a space inside it, as opposed to being solid all the way through.

- ...a hollow tree.

- ...a hollow cylinder.

ADJ

2. hollow
A surface that is hollow curves inwards.

- He looked young, dark and sharp-featured, with hollow cheeks.

ADJ-GRADED

3. hollow hollows
A hollow is a hole inside a tree.

- I made my home there, in the hollow of a dying elm.

N-COUNT

4. hollow hollows
A hollow is an area that is lower than the surrounding surface.

- Below him the town lay warm in the hollow of the hill.

- ...where water gathers in a hollow and forms a pond.

N-COUNT: oft N of/in/between n

5. hollow
If you describe a statement, situation, or person as hollow , you mean they have no real value, worth, or effectiveness.

- Any threat to bring in the police is a hollow one.

- ...a hollow man who's coasted on charm for far too long.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= empty

6. hollowness

- One month before the deadline we see the hollowness of these promises.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of/behind n

7. hollow
If someone gives a hollow laugh, they laugh in a way that shows that they do not really find something amusing.

- Murray Pick's hollow laugh had no mirth in it.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. hollow
A hollow sound is dull and echoing.

- ...the hollow sound of a gunshot.

ADJ: ADJ n

9. hollow hollows hollowing hollowed
If something is hollowed , its surface is made to curve inwards or downwards.

- The mule's back was hollowed by the weight of its burden.

- ...her high, elegantly hollowed cheekbones.

VB: usu passive

hollow

adjective

1.

empty

unfilled

vacant

void

2.

reverberant

deep

dull

low

muted

3.

worthless

fruitless

futile

meaningless

pointless

useless

vain

noun

4.

cavity

basin

bowl

crater

depression

hole

pit

trough

5.

valley

dale

dell

dingle

glen

verb

6.

scoop

dig

excavate

gouge

hollow out **

hollow out hollows out; hollowing out; hollowed out
If you hollow something out , you remove the inside part of it.

- Someone had hollowed out a large block of stone.

- Bake some big red peppers and hollow them out.

PHR-V

holly

[D.J.:ˈhɔli:]

[K.K.:ˈhɑli]

n.

冬青(常绿灌木,叶尖而硬,有光泽,冬季结红色浆果)

(用作圣诞节饰物的)冬青树枝

holly *

holly hollies
Holly is an evergreen tree or shrub which has hard, shiny leaves with sharp points, and red berries in winter.
N-VAR

Hollywood

[D.J.:ˈhɔli:ˌwʊd]

[K.K.:ˈhɑliˌwʊd]

n.

好莱坞

Hollywood ***

Hollywood
You use Hollywood to refer to the American film industry that is based in Hollywood, California.

- ...a major Hollywood studio.

- ...Hollywood film stars.

- ...a satire on Hollywood life.

N-PROPER: oft N n

holocaust

[D.J.:ˈhɔləˌkɔ:st, ˈhəʊlə-]

[K.K.:ˈhɑləˌkɔst, ˈholə-]

n.

大屠杀

holocaust *

1. holocaust holocausts
A holocaust is an event in which there is a lot of destruction and many people are killed, especially one caused by war.

- A nuclear holocaust seemed a very real possibility in the '50s.

N-VAR

2. holocaust
The holocaust is used to refer to the killing by the Nazis of millions of Jews during the Second World War.

- ...an Israeli-based fund for survivors of the holocaust and their families.

N-SING: the N

holocaust

noun

genocide

annihilation

conflagration

destruction

devastation

massacre

hologram

[D.J.:ˈhɔləˌgræm, ˈhəʊlə-]

[K.K.:ˈhɑləˌɡræm, ˈholə-]

n.

全息图, 全息照片, 综合衍射图, 原样录象

hologram

hologram holograms
A hologram is a three-dimensional photographic image created by laser beams.
N-COUNT

hols

[D.J.:hɔlz]

[K.K.:hɑlz]

n.

<英,非正,过时>假期;假日

hols

hols
Some people refer to their holidays as their hols . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Where did you go for your hols?

- ...during the summer hols.

N-PLURAL: usu supp N
= holidays

holster

[D.J.:ˈhəʊlstə]

[K.K.:ˈholstɚ]

n.

(系在腰带等上的)手枪皮套

holster

holster holsters
A holster is a holder for a small gun, which is worn on a belt around someone's waist or on a strap around their shoulder.
N-COUNT

holy

[D.J.:ˈhəuli]

[K.K.:ˈholi]

adj.

神圣的, 圣洁的

虔诚的

holy ***

1. holy holier holiest
If you describe something as holy , you mean that it is considered to be special because it is connected with God or a particular religion.

- To them, as to all Tibetans, this is a holy place.

- ...Yom Kippur, the holiest day in the Jewish calendar.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. holy holier holiest
A holy person is a religious leader or someone who leads a religious life.

- The Indians think of him as a holy man, a combination of doctor and priest.

ADJ-GRADED

3. holy
Holy is used in exclamations such as `Holy cow!' and `Holy smoke!' to express an emotion such as surprise or panic.
ADJ: ADJ n feelings

holy

adjective

1.

devout

god-fearing

godly

pious

pure

religious

righteous

saintly

virtuous

2.

sacred

blessed

consecrated

hallowed

sacrosanct

sanctified

venerable

Holy Communion

Holy Communion
Holy Communion is the most important religious service in the Christian church, in which people share bread and wine as a symbol of the Last Supper and the death of Christ.
N-UNCOUNT

Holy Father

Holy Father
In the Catholic Church, the Holy Father is the Pope.
N-PROPER: the N

Holy Ghost

Holy Ghost
The Holy Ghost is the same as the Holy Spirit .
N-PROPER: the N

holy of holies

holy of holies
A holy of holies is a place that is so sacred that only particular people are allowed to enter; often used in informal English to refer humorously to a place where only a few special people can go.

- ...the holy of holies in the Temple.

- ...the Aldeburgh Festival, the holy of holies in the contemporary British music scene.

N-SING
= sanctum

holy orders

holy orders
Someone who is in holy orders is a member of the Christian clergy.

- He took holy orders in 1935.

N-PLURAL also Holy Orders .

Holy Spirit

Holy Spirit
In the Christian religion, the Holy Spirit is one of the three aspects of God, together with God the Father and God the Son.
N-PROPER: the N
= Holy Ghost

Holy Week

Holy Week
In the Christian religion, Holy Week is the week before Easter, when Christians remember the events leading up to the death of Christ.
N-UNCOUNT

homage

[D.J.:ˈhɔmidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈhɑmɪdʒ, ˈɑm-]

n.

(向伟人表示的)崇敬, 致敬

homage *

homage
Homage is respect shown towards someone or something you admire, or to a person in authority.

- Palace has released two marvellous films that pay homage to our literary heritage.

- At his coronation he received the homage of kings from Wales, Northumbria and Scotland.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N to n

homage

noun

respect

adoration

adulation

deference

devotion

honour

reverence

worship

home

[D.J.:həum]

[K.K.:hom]

n.

家; 住宅; 家乡, 故乡

家庭

产地, 生长地; 发源地

收容所, 养育院

终点

adj.

家庭的, 在家里的; 家乡的; 总部的

家用的

本地的, 国内的

主场的, 主队的

adv.

在家, 回家, 到家

尽可能深地; 击中要害

home 1 noun, adjective, and adverb uses *****

1. home homes
Someone's home is the house or flat where they live.

- Last night they stayed at home and watched TV.

- The General divided his time between his shabby offices in Carlton Gardens and his home in Hampstead.

- ...the allocation of land for new homes.

N-COUNT: oft poss N, also at N

2. home
You can use home to refer in a general way to the house, town, or country where someone lives now or where they were born, often to emphasize that they feel they belong in that place.

- She gives frequent performances of her work, both at home and abroad.

- His father worked away from home for much of Jim's first five years.

- At seventeen, Daniele was told to leave home by her father.

- Ms Highsmith has made Switzerland her home.

- Warwick is home to some 550 international students.

- Brian decided to leave the UK and set up home in Southern Spain.

- He has moved back to his home town of Miami.

N-UNCOUNT

3. home
Home means to or at the place where you live.

- His wife wasn't feeling too well and she wanted to go home.

- I'll telephone you as soon as I get home.

- Hi, Mom, I'm home!.

- Company officials say striking union members should stay home today.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV

4. home
Home means made or done in the place where you live.

- ...cheap but healthy home cooking...

- All you have to do is make a home video.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. home
Home means relating to your own country as opposed to foreign countries.

- Europe's software companies still have a growing home market.

- ...the Guardian's home news pages.

ADJ: ADJ n
= domestic

6. home homes
A home is a large house or institution where a number of people live and are looked after, instead of living in their own houses or flats. They usually live there because they are too old or ill to look after themselves or for their families to care for them.

- It's going to be a home for handicapped children.

- ...an old people's home.

N-COUNT

7. home homes
You can refer to a family unit as a home .

- She had, at any rate, provided a peaceful and loving home for Harriet.

- Single-parent homes are commonplace.

N-COUNT

8. home
If you refer to the home of something, you mean the place where it began or where it is most typically found.

- This south-west region of France is the home of claret.

N-SING: with supp, usu N of n

9. home homes
If you find a home for something, you find a place where it can be kept.

- The equipment itself is getting smaller, neater and easier to find a home for.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

10. home
If you press, drive, or hammer something home , you explain it to people as forcefully as possible.

- It is now up to all of us to debate this issue and press home the argument.

ADV: ADV after v

11. home
When a sports team plays at home , they play a game on their own ground, rather than on the opposing team's ground.

- I scored in both games against Barcelona; we drew at home and beat them away.

N-UNCOUNT: usu at N

12. home
Also an adjective.

- All three are Chelsea fans, and attend all home games together.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ away

13. home
If you feel at home , you feel comfortable in the place or situation that you are in.

- He spoke very good English and appeared pleased to see us, and we soon felt quite at home.

- I am not completely at home in any Protestant Church.

PHR: v-link PHR

14. home
To bring something home to someone means to make them understand how important or serious it is.

- Their sobering conversation brought home to everyone present the serious and worthwhile work the Red Cross does.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to n

15. home
If you say that someone is, in British English home and dry , or in American English home free , you mean that they have been successful or that they are certain to be successful.

- The prime minister and the moderates are not yet home and dry.

PHR: v-link PHR

16. home
If a situation or what someone says hits home or strikes home , people accept that it is real or true, even though it may be painful for them to realize.

- Did the reality of war finally hit home?.

- Israeli officials say that message struck home.

PHR: V inflects

17. home
You can say a home from home in British English or a home away from home in American English to refer to a place in which you are as comfortable as in your own home.

- Many cottages are a home from home, offering microwaves, dishwashers, tvs and videos.

PHR: usu v-link PHR approval

18. home
If you say to a guest ` Make yourself at home ', you are making them feel welcome and inviting them to behave in an informal, relaxed way.
CONVENTION politeness

19. home
If you say that something is nothing to write home about , you mean that it is not very interesting or exciting. (INFORMAL)

- So a dreary Monday afternoon in Walthamstow is nothing to write home about, right?

PHR: v-link PHR

20. home
If something that is thrown or fired strikes home , it reaches its target. (WRITTEN)

- Only two torpedoes struck home.

PHR: V inflects

home

noun

1.

house

abode

domicile

dwelling

habitation

pad slang

residence

2.

birthplace

home town

at home

3.

in

available

present

at ease

comfortable

familiar

relaxed

bring home to

4.

make clear

drive home

emphasize

impress upon

press home

adjective

5.

domestic

familiar

internal

local

native

home in phrasal verb uses *

1. home in homes in; homing in; homed in
If you home in on one particular aspect of something, you give all your attention to it.

- The critics immediately homed in on the group's essential members.

PHR-V

2. home in homes in; homing in; homed in
If something such as a missile homes in on something else, it is aimed at that thing and moves towards it.

- Two rockets homed in on it from behind without a sound.

- A bank of telephoto lenses homed in on him.

PHR-V
See also homing .

home birth

home birth home births
If a woman has a home birth , she gives birth to her baby at home rather than in a hospital.
N-VAR

homeboy

[D.J.:ˈhəʊmˌbɔɪ]

[K.K.:ˈhomˌbɔɪ]

n.

帮派成员

homeboy

homeboy homeboys
A homeboy is a boy or man from the same area as you, especially one from the same social group as you. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

home-brew

[ˈhəumˈbru:]

n.

自酿的饮料

home-brew

home-brew
Home-brew is beer or wine that is made in someone's home, rather than in a brewery.
N-UNCOUNT

homecoming

[D.J.:ˈhəumˌkʌmiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhomˌkʌmɪŋ]

n.

(长期离开后)回到家里[故乡, 祖国]

校友返校的聚会, 校友日

homecoming *

1. homecoming homecomings
Your homecoming is your return to your home or your country after being away for a long time.

- Her homecoming was tinged with sadness.

N-VAR: oft poss N

2. homecoming
Homecoming is a day or weekend each year when former students of a particular school, college, or university go back to it to meet each other again and go to dances and sports matches. (AM)
N-UNCOUNT

Home Counties *

Home Counties
The Home Counties are the counties which surround London.

- ...a shy, self-employed computer salesman from the Home Counties.

- ...Home Counties villages.

N-PROPER-PLURAL: the N also home counties .

home economics

home economics
Home economics is a school subject dealing with how to run a house well and efficiently.
N-UNCOUNT

home field

home field home fields
A sports team's home field is their own playing field, as opposed to that of other teams. (AM; in BRIT use home ground )
N-COUNT

homegirl

homegirl homegirls
A homegirl is a girl or woman from the same area as you, especially one from the same social group as you. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

home ground

1. home ground home grounds
A sports team's home ground is their own playing field, as opposed to that of other teams. (BRIT; in AM use home field )

- They are banned from playing on their home ground because of crowd trouble.

- Austria, playing on home ground in Vienna, took a 3-0 lead over Italy.

N-VAR

2. home ground
If you say that someone is on their home ground , you mean that they are in or near where they work or live, and feel confident and secure because of this.

- Although he was on home ground, his campaign had been rocked by adultery allegations.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

home-grown

[D.J.:ˈhəʊmˈgrəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈhomˈɡron]

adj.

本国产的;自产的

home-grown *

home-grown
Home-grown fruit and vegetables have been grown in your garden, rather than on a farm, or in your country rather than abroad.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

home help

home help home helps
A home help is a person who is employed to visit sick or old people at home and help with their cleaning or cooking. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

homeland

[D.J.:ˈhəʊmˌlænd]

[K.K.:ˈhomˌlænd]

n.

祖国, 家乡

(南非种族隔离制度下的)黑人家园

homeland **

1. homeland homelands
Your homeland is your native country. (mainly WRITTEN)

- Many are planning to return to their homeland.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

2. homeland homelands
The homelands were regions within South Africa in which black South Africans had limited self-government.
N-COUNT

homeland

noun

native land

country of origin

fatherland

mother country

motherland

homeless

[D.J.:ˈhəʊmlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈhomlɪs]

adj.

无家可归的

homelessness

n.

homeless ***

1. homeless
Homeless people have nowhere to live.

- ...the growing number of homeless families...

- Hundreds were made homeless.

ADJ

2. homeless
The homeless are people who are homeless.

- ...shelters for the homeless.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. homelessness

- The only way to solve homelessness is to provide more homes.

N-UNCOUNT

homeless

adjective

1.

destitute

displaced

dispossessed

down-and-out

noun

the homeless

2.

vagrants

squatters

homely

[D.J.:ˈhəʊmli:]

[K.K.:ˈhomli]

adj.

<尤英>家常的, 简单的, 普通的

<美>(人)不好看的, 相貌平庸的

homely *

1. homely
If you describe a room or house as homely , you like it because you feel comfortable and relaxed there. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use homey )

- I wanted a homely room but I wanted it to look smart, too.

- We try and provide a very homely atmosphere.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= cosy

2. homely
Homely food is simple and ordinary. (mainly BRIT)

- Scottish baking is homely, comforting and truly good.

ADJ-GRADED
= plain

3. homely
If you describe a woman as homely , you mean that she has a warm, comforting manner and looks like someone who would enjoy being at home and running a family. (BRIT)

- Mrs Jones was a pleasant, homely person with a ready smile.

ADJ-GRADED

4. homely
If you say that someone is homely , you mean that they are not very attractive to look at. (AM)

- The man was homely, overweight, and probably only two or three years younger than Lou.

ADJ-GRADED
= plain

homely

adjective

comfortable

cosy

friendly

homespun

modest

ordinary

plain

simple

welcoming

home-made

adj.

自制的,家里做的,(本)国产的

home-made *

home-made
Something that is home-made has been made in someone's home, rather than in a shop or factory.

- The bread, pastry and mayonnaise are home-made.

- A home-made bomb exploded during the disturbances.

ADJ also homemade .

homemaker

[D.J.:ˈhəumˌmeikə]

[K.K.:ˈhomˌmekɚ]

n.

主妇

homemaker

homemaker homemakers
A homemaker is a woman who spends a lot of time looking after her home and family. If you describe a woman as a homemaker , you usually mean that she does not have another job.
N-COUNT

Home Office **

Home Office
The Home Office is the department of the British Government which is responsible for things such as the police, broadcasting, and making decisions about people who want to come to live in Britain.
N-PROPER: usu the N

homeopath

[ˈhəumiəpɑ:θ]

n.

同种疗法医师,顺势医疗论者

homeopath

homeopath homeopaths
A homeopath is someone who treats illness by homeopathy.
N-COUNT (BRIT) also homoeopath

homeopathic

[ˈhəumiəuˌpæθik]

adj.

同种疗法的,顺势疗法的

homeopathic

homeopathic
Homeopathic means relating to or used in homeopathy.

- ...homeopathic remedies.

- ...a homeopathic doctor.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also homoeopathic

homeopathy

[D.J.:ˌhəʊmi:ˈɔpəθi:]

[K.K.:ˌhomiˈɑpəθi]

n.

<医>顺势医疗论;类似医疗论

homeopathy

homeopathy
Homeopathy is a way of treating an illness in which the patient is given very small amounts of a drug that produces signs of the illness in healthy people.
N-UNCOUNT (BRIT) also homoeopathy

home owner *

home owner home owners
A home owner is a person who owns the house or flat that they live in.
N-COUNT also homeowner .

homepage

[ˈhəumpeidʒ]

n.

(互联网的)首页，主页

homepage

homepage homepages
On the Internet, a person's or organization's homepage is the main page of information about them, which often contains links to other pages about them.
N-COUNT

home rule

home rule
If a country or region has home rule , it has its own independent government and laws.

- Home rule for Scotland would be accompanied by a similar measure for Wales.

N-UNCOUNT

Home Secretary **

Home Secretary Home Secretaries
The Home Secretary is the member of the British government who is in charge of the Home Office.
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

home shopping

home shopping.
Home shopping is shopping that people do by ordering goods from their homes, using catalogues, television channels, or computers.

- ...America's most successful home-shopping channel.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

homesick

[D.J.:ˈhəʊmˌsɪk]

[K.K.:ˈhomˌsɪk]

adj.

想家的;患思乡病的

homesick *

1. homesick
If you are homesick , you feel unhappy because you are away from home and are missing your family, friends, and home very much.

- She's feeling a little homesick.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

2. homesickness

- There were inevitable bouts of homesickness.

N-UNCOUNT

homespun

[D.J.:ˈhəumspʌn]

[K.K.:ˈhomˌspʌn]

n.

手织物,朴素的

homespun

1. homespun
You use homespun to describe opinions or ideas that are simple and not based on special knowledge.

- The book is simple homespun philosophy.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. homespun
Homespun clothes are made from cloth that has been made at home, rather than in a factory.

- Most of them still wore the homespun clothes in which they had left their farms.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

homespun

adjective

unsophisticated

coarse

homely

home-made

plain

rough

homestead

[D.J.:ˈhəʊmˌsted]

[K.K.:ˈhomˌstɛd]

n.

家宅,宅地,农庄

homestead *

1. homestead homesteads
A homestead is a farmhouse, together with the land around it.
N-COUNT

2. homestead homesteads
In United States history, a homestead was a piece of government land in the west, which was given to someone so they could settle there and develop a farm. (AM)
N-COUNT

home stretch

1. home stretch
The home stretch or the home straight is the last part of a race.

- Holmes matched Boulmerka stride for stride down the home straight to finish second.

N-SING: the N (BRIT) also home straight

2. home stretch
You can refer to the last part of any activity that lasts for a long time as the home stretch or the home straight , especially if the activity is difficult or boring.

- ...as his two hours of banter, quips and anecdotes goes into the home straight.

N-SING: the N (BRIT) also home straight

hometown

[D.J.:ˈhəʊmˈtaʊn]

[K.K.:ˈhomˈtaʊn]

n.

家乡, 故乡

hometown *

hometown hometowns
Someone's hometown is the town where they live or the town that they come from.

- I went to work as a painter in my hometown, Natrona Heights, Pennsylvania.

N-COUNT: with poss also home town .

home truth

home truth home truths
Home truths are unpleasant facts that you learn about yourself, usually from someone else. (BRIT)

- We held a team meeting and a few home truths were spelled out.

N-COUNT: usu pl

homeward

[D.J.:ˈhəʊm wəd]

[K.K.:ˈhom wɚd]

adv.

向家;向本国

adj.

向家的;向本国的

homeward

1. homeward
If you are on a homeward journey, you are on a journey towards your home.

- She is ready for her homeward journey.

ADJ: ADJ n The form homewards is also used, especially in British English.

2. homeward
If you are travelling homeward or homewards , you are travelling towards your home.

- John drove homeward through the lanes.

- They travelled happily homewards.

ADV: ADV after v The form homewards is also used, especially in British English.

homeward bound

homeward bound
People or things that are homeward bound are on their way home.

- I'd be homeward bound even before Grant arrived.

- The platforms groan with homeward-bound commuters.

ADJ

homework

[D.J.:ˈhəumwə:k]

[K.K.:ˈhomˌwɚk]

n.

家庭作业

准备工作

homework *

1. homework
Homework is school work that teachers give to pupils to do at home in the evening or at the weekend.

- Have you done your homework, Gemma?

N-UNCOUNT

2. homework
If you do your homework , you find out what you need to know in preparation for something.

- Before you go near a stockbroker, do your homework.

N-UNCOUNT

homey

[D.J.:ˈhəumi]

[K.K.:ˈhomi]

adj.

家庭似的,舒适的,自在的

homey

homey
If you describe a room or house as homey , you like it because you feel comfortable and relaxed there. (INFORMAL) (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use homely )

- ...a large, homey dining room.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= cosy homely

homicidal

[D.J.:ˌhɔmiˈsaidl]

[K.K.:ˌhɑmɪˈsaɪdl, ˌhomɪ-]

adj.

杀人的,行凶的,有杀人嗜好的,杀气腾腾的

homicide

[D.J.:ˈhɔmɪˌsaɪd, ˈhəʊmɪ-]

[K.K.:ˈhɑmɪˌsaɪd, ˈhomɪ-]

n.

<律>杀人(行为)

杀人犯

homicidal

adj.

嗜杀成性的

homicidal

homicidal
Homicidal is used to describe someone who is dangerous because they are likely to kill someone.

- That man is a homicidal maniac.

- ...an explosion of homicidal rage.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

homicidal

adjective

murderous

deadly

lethal

maniacal

mortal

homicide *

homicide homicides
Homicide is the illegal killing of a person. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use murder )

- The police arrived at the scene of the homicide.

N-VAR
= murder

homicide

noun

1.

murder

bloodshed

killing

manslaughter

slaying

2.

murderer

killer

slayer

homily

[D.J.:ˈhɔmili]

[K.K.:ˈhɑməli]

n.

(长篇)说教

讲道, 宣道

homily

homily homilies
A homily is a speech or piece of writing in which someone complains about the state of something or tells people how they ought to behave. (FORMAL)

- ...a receptive audience for his homily on moral values.

N-COUNT
= sermon

homily

noun

sermon

address

discourse

lecture

preaching

homing

[D.J.:ˈhəʊmɪŋ]

adj.

(鸟、动物)有返回原地的能力的

(武器等)自动导向的,导航的

n.

(信鸽等的)归还性能;归航, 导航;自动引导

homing

1. homing
A weapon or piece of equipment that has a homing system is able to guide itself to a target or to give out a signal that guides people to it.

- ...infra-red homing missiles...

- All the royal cars are fitted with electronic homing devices.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. homing
An animal that has a homing instinct has the ability to remember and return to a place where it has been in the past.

- Then the pigeons ran into thick fog, and the famous homing instinct went to pot.

ADJ: ADJ n

homing pigeon

homing pigeon homing pigeons
A homing pigeon is a pigeon that is trained to return to a particular place, especially in races with other pigeons.
N-COUNT

homoerotic

[D.J.:ˌhɔməuiˈrɔtik]

[K.K.:ˌhomoɪˈrɑtɪk]

adj.

同性恋(爱)的

homoerotic

homoerotic
Homoerotic is used to describe things such as films and literature that show homosexual acts in a way that is intended to cause sexual excitement.
ADJ

homogeneity

[D.J.:ˌhɔməudʒeˈni:iti]

[K.K.:ˌhomədʒəˈniɪti, -ˈne-, ˌhɑmə-]

n.

同种,同质,同次性

homogeneity

homogeneity
Homogeneity is the quality of being homogeneous. (FORMAL)

- The government panicked into imposing a kind of cultural homogeneity.

N-UNCOUNT
= uniformity

homogeneity

noun

uniformity

consistency

correspondence

sameness

similarity

homogeneous

[D.J.:ˌhɔməˈdʒi:njəs]

[K.K.:ˌhoməˈdʒiniəs, -ˈdʒinjəs]

adj.

同性质的, 同类的

homogeneous *

homogeneous
Homogeneous is used to describe a group or thing which has members or parts that are all the same. (FORMAL)

- The unemployed are not a homogeneous group.

- Russia is ethnically relatively homogeneous.

ADJ-GRADED also homogenous .
= uniform ≠ heterogeneous

homogeneous

adjective

uniform

akin

alike

analogous

comparable

consistent

identical

similar

unvarying

homogenization

[D.J.:ˌhəʊmədʒənaɪˈzeɪʃən]

n.

均化作用, 均匀化, 均匀性

等质化, 均质化

homogenize

[D.J.:həˈmɔdʒəˌnaɪz, həʊ-]

[K.K.:həˈmɑdʒəˌnaɪz, ho-]

vt.

使类同

使…均质

homogenized

[D.J.:həʊˈm ɔd ʒənaɪzd]

[K.K.:hoˈm ɑd ʒənaɪzd]

adj.

(牛奶中的油脂粒)均匀分布的;均质的

homogenizing

均匀化处理

homogenize

1. homogenize homogenizes homogenizing homogenized
If something is homogenized , it is changed so that all its parts are similar or the same, especially in a way that is undesirable.

- Even Brussels bureaucrats can't homogenize national cultures and tastes.

VB (BRIT) also homogenise disapproval

2. homogenized

- ...an increasingly homogenised and bland America.

ADJ-GRADED

3. homogenization

- They no longer worry about the homogenization of culture.

N-UNCOUNT

homogenized

homogenized
Homogenized milk is milk where the fat has been broken up so that it is evenly distributed.
ADJ (BRIT) also homogenised

homogenous

[D.J.:həˈmɔdʒinəs]

[K.K.:həˈmɑdʒənəs, ho-]

adj.

同质的,纯系的

homogenous

homogenous
Homogenous means the same as homogeneous .
ADJ-GRADED

homophobia

[D.J.:ˌhəuməˈfəubiə]

[K.K.:ˌhoməˈfobiə]

n.

对同性恋的憎恶(或恐惧)

homophobia *

homophobia
Homophobia is a strong and unreasonable dislike of homosexual people, especially homosexual men.
N-UNCOUNT

homophobic *

homophobic
Homophobic means involving or related to a strong and unreasonable dislike of homosexual people, especially homosexual men.
ADJ-GRADED

homophone

[D.J.:ˈhɔməˌfəʊn, ˈhəʊmə-]

[K.K.:ˈhɑməˌfon, ˈhomə-]

n.

同音异义词

homophone

homophone homophones
In linguistics, homophones are words with different meanings which are pronounced in the same way but are spelled differently. For example, `write' and `right' are homophones.
N-COUNT

homo sapiens

homo sapiens
Homo sapiens is used to refer to modern human beings as a species, in contrast to other species of ape or animal, or earlier forms of human. (TECHNICAL)

- What distinguishes homo sapiens from every other living creature is the mind.

N-UNCOUNT
= mankind

homosexual

[D.J.:ˌhəʊməˈsekʃu:əl, -məʊ-]

[K.K.:ˌhoməˈsɛkʃuəl, -mo-]

n.

同性恋者

adj.

同性恋的

homosexuality

n.

同性恋关系

homosexuality

[D.J.:ˌhəuməuˈseksjuˈæliti]

[K.K.:ˌhoməˌsɛkʃuˈælɪti, -mo-]

n.

同性恋

homosexual ***

1. homosexual
A homosexual relationship is a sexual relationship between people of the same sex.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. homosexual
Someone who is homosexual is sexually attracted to people of the same sex.

- A fraud trial involving two homosexual lawyers was abandoned.

ADJ

3. homosexual homosexuals
Also a noun.

- The judge said that discrimination against homosexuals is deplorable.

N-COUNT

4. homosexuality

- ...a place where gays could openly discuss homosexuality.

N-UNCOUNT

Hon.

abbr.

Honorable 尊称的

Hon.

abbr.

Honorable 尊称的

Hon. *

Hon.
Hon. is an abbreviation for honourable and honorary when they are used as part of a person's title.
N-TITLE

hone

[D.J.:həʊn]

[K.K.:hon]

vt.

把(刀、剑等)磨光

honing

[ˈhəuniŋ]

n.

珩磨,搪磨

hone *

1. hone hones honing honed
If you hone something, for example a skill, technique, idea, or product, you carefully develop it over a long period of time so that it is exactly right for your purpose.

- Leading companies spend time and money on honing the skills of senior managers.

- His body is honed and kept in trim with constant exercise.

VB

2. hone hones honing honed
If you hone a blade, weapon, or tool, you sharpen it on a stone or with a special device. (TECHNICAL)

- ...four grinding wheels for honing fine edged tools and implements.

- ...a thin, honed blade.

VB
= sharpen whet

hone

verb

sharpen

edge

file

grind

point

polish

whet

honest

[D.J.:ˈɔnist]

[K.K.:ˈɑnɪst]

adj.

诚实的, 正直的, 可靠的

老实的, 真诚的

坦诚的, 直率的

honestly

[D.J.:ˈɔnɪstli:]

[K.K.:ˈɑnɪstli]

adv.

诚实地, 正直地

坦诚地, 实在地

honest ***

1. honest
If you describe someone as honest , you mean that they always tell the truth, and do not try to deceive people or break the law.

- My dad was the most honest man I ever met.

- I know she's honest and reliable.

ADJ-GRADED

2. honestly

- She fought honestly for a just cause and for freedom.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. honest
If you are honest in a particular situation, you tell the complete truth or give your sincere opinion, even if this is not very pleasant.

- I was honest about what I was doing.

- He had been honest with her and she had tricked him!.

- What do you think of the school, in your honest opinion?

ADJ-GRADED
= frank

4. honestly

- It came as a shock to hear an old friend speak so honestly about Ted.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. honest
You say ` honest ' before or after a statement to emphasize that you are telling the truth and that you want people to believe you. (INFORMAL)

- I'm not sure, honest.

ADV: ADV with cl emphasis

6. honest
Some people say ` honest to God ' to emphasize their feelings or to emphasize that something is really true. (INFORMAL)

- I wish we weren't doing this, Lillian, honest to God, I really do.

- You wanna know the honest-to-God truth?

PHR: PHR with cl, PHR n emphasis

7. honest
You can say ` to be honest ' before or after a statement to indicate that you are telling the truth about your own opinions or feelings, especially if you think these will disappoint the person you are talking to.

- To be honest the house is not quite our style.

- I'd rather get it out the way, to be honest.

PHR: PHR with cl feelings

honestly **

1. honestly
You use honestly to emphasize that you are referring to your, or someone else's, true beliefs or feelings.

- I honestly feel I cannot do any more to prove myself.

- I honestly don't know.

- But did you honestly think we wouldn't notice?

ADV: ADV before v emphasis

2. honestly
You use honestly to emphasize that you are telling the truth and that you want people to believe you. (SPOKEN)

- Honestly, I don't know anything about it.

- We didn't play with him, honestly we didn't.

ADV: ADV with cl emphasis

3. honestly
You use honestly to indicate that you are annoyed or impatient. (SPOKEN)

- Honestly, Nev! Must you be quite so crude!.

- Oh, honestly, I don't know what they will think of next.

ADV: ADV with cl feelings
= really

honest

adjective

1.

trustworthy

ethical

honourable

law-abiding

reputable

scrupulous

truthful

upright

virtuous

2.

open

candid

direct

forthright

frank

plain

sincere

upfront informal

honestly

adverb

1.

ethically

by fair means

cleanly

honourably

lawfully

legally

2.

frankly

candidly

in all sincerity

plainly

straight (out)

to one's face

truthfully

honest broker

honest broker honest brokers
If a person or country acts as an honest broker , they try to help people resolve a dispute or arrange a deal by talking to all sides and finding out what they want, without favouring any one side.

- Canada's prime minister will be hoping to play honest broker in the row between the United States and Japan.

N-COUNT: usu sing

honesty

[D.J.:ˈɔnɪsti:]

[K.K.:ˈɑnɪsti]

n.

诚实, 正直, 坦诚

in all honesty

老实说；其实

honesty **

1. honesty
You say in all honesty when you are saying something that might be disappointing or upsetting, and you want to soften its effect by emphasizing your sincerity.

- They said the greatest virtues in a politician were integrity, correctness and honesty.

- In all honesty, aren't there already far too many pages of scientific research published every week?.

- But in all honesty, I wish it had never happened.

PHR: PHR with cl

2. honesty
Honesty is a plant whose seeds are contained in silvery-white papery discs.
N-UNCOUNT

honesty

noun

1.

integrity

honour

incorruptibility

morality

probity

rectitude

scrupulousness

trustworthiness

truthfulness

uprightness

virtue

2.

frankness

bluntness

candour

openness

outspokenness

sincerity

straightforwardness

honey

[D.J.:ˈhʌni]

[K.K.:ˈhʌni]

n.

蜂蜜

〈口〉亲爱的; 宝贝

可爱的东西

honey **

1. honey honeys
Honey is a sweet, sticky, yellowish substance that is made by bees.
N-VAR

2. honey honeys
You call someone honey as a sign of affection. (mainly AM)

- Honey, I don't really think that's a good idea.

N-VOC

honeybee

[D.J.:ˈhʌni:ˌbi:]

[K.K.:ˈhʌniˌbi]

n.

蜜蜂

honeybee

honeybee honeybees
A honeybee is a bee that makes honey.
N-COUNT

honeycomb

[D.J.:ˈhʌnɪkəʊm]

n.

蜂窝,蜂巢

honeycombs

蜂窝器

honeycomb

honeycomb honeycombs
A honeycomb is a wax structure consisting of rows of six-sided spaces where bees store their honey.
N-VAR

honeyed

[D.J.:ˈhʌni:d]

[K.K.:ˈhʌnid]

adj.

有蜂蜜的;甜的

(话语、奉承等)甜言蜜语的

honeyed

1. honeyed
You can describe someone's voice or words as honeyed when they are very pleasant to listen to, especially if you want to suggest that they are insincere.

- His gentle manner and honeyed tones reassured Andrew.

- They could not understand how anyone could believe her honeyed words.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. honeyed
You can describe something as honeyed when it tastes or smells of honey, or is the pale yellowish colour of honey. (LITERARY)

- I could smell the honeyed ripeness of melons and peaches.

- Wait for the warm glow of sunset as it washes the stone to a honeyed hue.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

honeymoon

[D.J.:ˈhʌni:ˌmu:n]

[K.K.:ˈhʌniˌmun]

n.

蜜月

短暂的和谐时期

a/the honeymoon period

蜜月期；最初的和谐时期

vi.

度蜜月

honeymoon *

1. honeymoon honeymoons
A honeymoon is a holiday taken by a man and a woman who have just got married.
N-COUNT

2. honeymoon honeymoons honeymooning honeymooned
When a recently-married couple honeymoon somewhere, they go there on their honeymoon.

- They honeymooned in Venice.

- ...honeymooning Japanese tourists.

VB

3. honeymoon honeymoons
You can use honeymoon to refer to a period of time after the start of a new job or new government when everyone is pleased with the person or people concerned and is nice to them.

- Austrians voted for EU membership by a two-to-one majority in a June 1994 referendum, but the honeymoon is definitely over.

- Brett is enjoying a honeymoon period with both press and public.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

honeysuckle

[D.J.:ˈhʌni:ˌsʌkəl]

[K.K.:ˈhʌniˌsʌkəl]

n.

忍冬,金银花

honeysuckle

honeysuckle honeysuckles
Honeysuckle is a climbing plant with sweet-smelling yellow, pink, or white flowers.
N-VAR

honk

[D.J.:hɔ:ŋk, hɔŋk]

[K.K.:hɔŋk, hɑŋk]

n.

雁叫声

汽车的喇叭声

vt. & vi.

(使)发出雁叫似的声音;鸣(喇叭);按(喇叭)

honk

1. honk honks honking honked
If you honk the horn of a vehicle or if the horn honks , you make the horn produce a short loud sound.

- Drivers honked their horns in solidarity with the peace marchers.

- Horns honk. An angry motorist shouts.

- ...people yelling and honking at you to get out of the cab.

V-ERG
= hoot

2. honk honks
Also a noun.

- She pulled to the right with a honk.

N-COUNT

3. honk honks honking honked
If a bird, person, or musical instrument honks , they make a short, loud, harsh noise.

- If you're going to sneeze and honk all night, we'll never get any sleep.

- A lone mother Canada goose honked a warning to stay away from her nest.

- ...a honking saxophone playing gospel music.

VB

4. honk honks
Also a noun.

- The honk of geese can be heard.

N-COUNT

honky-tonk

[D.J.:ˈhɔŋkitɔŋk]

[K.K.:ˈhɔŋkiˌtɔŋk, ˈhɑŋkiˌtɑŋk]

n.

下等酒馆

honky-tonk

1. honky-tonk honky-tonks
A honky-tonk is a cheap bar or nightclub. (AM)

- For several years, Bill Wirtz has been performing in small clubs and honky-tonks from Maryland to the Carolinas.

- ...little honky-tonk bars in Texas.

N-COUNT: oft N n

2. honky-tonk
Honky-tonk is the kind of piano music that was formerly played in honky-tonks.

- ...the beat of honky-tonk pianos.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

honoraria

谢礼

honorarium

[D.J.:ˌɔnəˈreəri:əm]

[K.K.:ˌɑnəˈrɛriəm]

n.

(自愿支付的)酬金,谢礼

honorarium

honorarium honoraria or honorariums
An honorarium is a fee that someone receives for doing something which is not a normal part of their job, for example giving a talk.

- All sorts of people I found were getting honoraria for various extra duties that they had assigned to them.

N-COUNT

honorary

[D.J.:ˈɔnəˌreri:]

[K.K.:ˈɑnəˌrɛri]

adj.

(官阶、学位等)作为一种荣誉授予的,荣誉的;(职位、职务等)无报酬的,名义上的,名誉的

honorary *

1. honorary
An honorary title or membership of a group is given to someone without their needing to have the necessary qualifications, usually because of their public achievements.

- He will be awarded the honorary degree in a ceremony at Newcastle University.

- ...an honorary member of the Golf Club.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. honorary
Honorary is used to describe an official job that is done without payment.

- ...the honorary secretary of the Cheshire Beekeepers' Association.

ADJ: ADJ n

honorary

adjective

nominal

complimentary

in name or title only

titular

unofficial

unpaid

honor guard

honor guard
An honor guard is a group of troops who formally greet or accompany someone special such as a visiting head of state. (AM; in BRIT use guard of honour )
N-SING

honorific

[D.J.:ˌɔnəˈrifik]

[K.K.:ˌɑnəˈrɪfɪk]

adj.

尊敬的,表示敬意的,敬称的

n.

敬语

honorific

honorific
An honorific title or way of talking is used to show respect or honour to someone. (FORMAL)

- He was given the honorific title of national chairman.

- All employees will refer to each other by the honorific suffix `san'.

ADJ: ADJ n

honour

[D.J.:ˈɔnə]

[K.K.:ˈɑnɚ]

n.

尊重, 敬重

名誉, 信用, 荣誉

被引以为荣的人物

荣幸

各种荣誉称号

vt.

尊敬

承兑, 执行

honours

[ˈɔnəz]

n.

〈英〉①礼仪，荣典；礼节②大学荣誉学位；大学优等成绩

honour ***

1. honour
Honour means doing what you believe to be right and being confident that you have done what is right.

- The officers died faithful to Poland and to the honour of a soldier.

- I do not believe I can any longer serve with honour as a member of your government.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) honor

2. honour honours
An honour is a special award that is given to someone, usually because they have done something good or because they are greatly respected.

- Most of the high honours usually go to long-serving MPs loyal to the government.

- He was showered with honours -- among them an Oscar in 1950.

N-COUNT (AM) honor

3. honour honours honouring honoured
If someone is honoured , they are given public praise or an award for something they have done.

- Two American surgeons were last week honoured with the 1990 Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology.

- Mr Reddy has been honoured by the Pope by being made a knight of St Gregory.

VB: usu passive (AM) honor

4. honour
If you describe doing or experiencing something as an honour , you mean you think it is something special and desirable.

- Five other cities including Manchester had been competing for the honour of staging the Games.

- Tchaikovsky was given a state funeral -- the first commoner to be granted this honour.

- Michael said: `It's an honour to finally work with her.'.

- Perhaps as it is so close to noon, you would do me the honour of having lunch with me.

N-SING: oft N of -ing, it v-link N to-inf (AM) honor

5. honour honoured
If you say that you would be honoured to do something, you are saying very politely and formally that you would be pleased to do it. If you say that you are honoured by something, you are saying that you are grateful for it and pleased about it.

- Peter Alliss says he would be honoured to be asked.

- It's a very flattering offer, and I'm honoured by your confidence in me.

V-PASSIVE (AM) honor politeness

6. honour honours honouring honoured
To honour someone means to treat them or regard them with special attention and respect.

- Her Majesty later honoured the Headmaster with her presence at lunch.

- Those right-wing people who most honour their monarch see no reason for any apology.

VB (AM) honor

7. honoured

- Mrs Patrick Campbell was an honoured guest.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

8. honour honours honouring honoured
If you honour an arrangement or promise, you do what you said you would do.

- The two sides agreed to honour a new ceasefire.

- Mr Ashkenazy has informed us that he will be unable to honour his contract with Symphony Hall to perform the piano recital.

VB (AM) honor

9. honour
Honours is a type of university degree which is of a higher standard than a pass or ordinary degree.

- ...an honours degree in business studies.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n (AM) honor

10. honour honours
Judges, and mayors in the United States, are sometimes called your honour or referred to as his honour or her honour .

- I bring this up, your honor, because I think it is important to understand the background of the defendant.

- ...His Honour Judge Brodrick.

N-VOC: poss N; PRON: poss PRON (AM) honor

11. honour
If someone does the honours at a social occasion or public event, they act as host or perform some official function. (INFORMAL)

- The two teams were introduced to the dignitaries with Lord Haslam of British Coal doing the honours.

PHR: V inflects (AM) honor

12. honour
If something is arranged in honour of a particular event, it is arranged in order to celebrate that event.

- The Foundation is holding a dinner at the Museum of American Art in honour of the opening of their new show.

PHR-PREP (AM) honor

13. honour
If something is arranged or happens in someone's honour , it is done specially to show appreciation of them.

- Mr Mandela will attend an outdoor concert in his honour in the centre of Paris.

- The United Nations has issued a stamp in honour of Captain Alfred Dreyfus.

PHR: n PHR, PHR after v, PHR with cl (AM) honor

honour

noun

1.

glory

credit

dignity

distinction

fame

prestige

renown

reputation

2.

tribute

accolade

commendation

homage

praise

recognition

3.

fairness

decency

goodness

honesty

integrity

morality

probity

rectitude

4.

privilege

compliment

credit

pleasure

verb

5.

respect

adore

appreciate

esteem

prize

value

6.

fulfil

be true to

carry out

discharge

keep

live up to

observe

7.

acclaim

commemorate

commend

decorate

praise

8.

accept

acknowledge

pass

pay

take

honourable

[ˈɔnərəbl]

adj.

诚实的, 正直的

尊敬的, 高尚的

honourably

[D.J.:ˈ ɔnərəblɪ]

[K.K.:ˈ ɑnərəblɪ]

adv.

可尊敬地;光荣地;体面地

honourable *

1. honourable
If you describe people or actions as honourable , you mean that they are good and deserve to be respected and admired.

- I believe he was an honourable man, dedicated to the people and his union.

- He argued that the only honorable course of action was death.

- However, their intentions are honourable.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) honorable

2. honourably

- He also felt she had not behaved honorably in the leadership election.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. honourable
Honourable is used as a title before the names of some members of the nobility, judges, and some other officials.

- ...the Honourable Mr Justice Swinton Thomas.

ADJ: the ADJ n-proper (AM) honorable

4. honourable
In debates in the British parliament, one member of parliament refers to another as the honourable member, the honourable gentleman, the honourable lady or their honourable friend.

- ...the Honourable Member for Billericay.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) honorable

honourable

adjective

respected

creditable

estimable

reputable

respectable

virtuous

honourable mention

honourable mention honourable mentions
If something that you do in a competition is given an honourable mention , it receives special praise from the judges although it does not actually win a prize.
N-COUNT (AM) honorable mention

honours list

honours list honours lists
In Britain, the honours list is the list of people who have been selected to receive titles or awards from the Queen because of their achievements.

- He has been made an MBE in the New Year Honours list.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing, oft supp N

Hons

Hons
In Britain, Hons is an abbreviation for Honours , used after the names of some university degrees, mainly first degrees.

- ...Kevin P Kearns, BA (Hons), University of Liverpool.

hooch

[D.J.:hu:tʃ]

[K.K.:hutʃ]

n.

(非法酿造的或便宜的)酒

hooch

hooch
Hooch is strong alcoholic drink. (INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

hood

[hud]

n.

兜帽, 头巾

(汽车、童车等的)折合式车篷

汽车发动机罩

hood *

1. hood hoods
A hood is a part of a coat which you can pull up to cover your head. It is in the shape of a triangular bag attached to the neck of the coat at the back.
N-COUNT

2. hood hoods
A hood is a bag made of cloth, which is put over someone's head and face so that they cannot be recognized or so that they cannot see.
N-COUNT

3. hood hoods
The hood of a car is the metal cover over the engine at the front. (AM; in BRIT use bonnet )
N-COUNT

4. hood hoods
A hood is a covering on a vehicle or a piece of equipment, which is usually curved and can be removed. (BRIT)

- Why aren't all lenses supplied with a lens hood?

N-COUNT: usu n N

5. hood hoods
A cooker hood is an electrical device fitted over a cooker above head height, and containing an extractor fan and usually a light.
N-COUNT: usu n N

hooded

[D.J.:ˈhudid]

[K.K.:ˈhʊdɪd]

adj.

戴头巾的,有罩盖的

hooded *

1. hooded
A hooded piece of clothing or furniture has a hood.

- It was lit by hooded fluorescent lamps.

- ...a blue, hooded anorak.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. hooded
If someone has hooded eyes, their eyelids always look as though they are partly closed.

- ...sparkling, hooded blue eyes, and an impish grin.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. hooded
A hooded person is wearing a hood or a piece of clothing pulled down over their face, so they are difficult to recognize.

- The class was held hostage by a hooded gunman.

ADJ: ADJ n

hoodlum

[D.J.:ˈhu:dləm, ˈhʊd-]

[K.K.:ˈhudləm, ˈhʊd-]

n.

流氓;暴徒

hoodlum

hoodlum hoodlums
A hoodlum is a violent criminal, especially one who is a member of a group. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

hoodwink

[D.J.:ˈhʊdˌwɪŋk]

[K.K.:ˈhʊdˌwɪŋk]

vt.

欺诈,哄骗

hoodwink

hoodwink hoodwinks hoodwinking hoodwinked
If someone hoodwinks you, they trick or deceive you.

- People expect others to be honest, which is why conmen find it so easy to hoodwink people.

- Many people are hoodwinked by the so-called beauty industry.

VB
= con take in

hoodwink

verb

deceive

con informal

delude

dupe

fool

mislead

swindle

trick

hoof

[D.J.:hu:f]

[K.K.:hʊf, huf]

n.

(兽的)蹄, 马蹄

hooves

[D.J.:hu:vz]

[K.K.:hʊvz, huvz]

n.

hoof 的复数

hoof *

hoof hoofs or hooves
The hooves of an animal such as a horse are the hard lower parts of its feet.

- The horses' hooves often could not get a proper grip.

N-COUNT: usu pl

hooves

Hooves is a plural of hoof .

hoofer

[D.J.:ˈhu:fə]

[K.K.:ˈhʊfɚ, ˈhufɚ]

n.

职业舞蹈家(尤指跳踢踏舞)

hoofer

hoofer hoofers
A hoofer is a dancer, especially one who dances in musicals. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

hoo-ha

[ˈhu:ˌhɑ:]

n.

激动,大惊小怪

hoo-ha

hoo-ha
If there is a hoo-ha , there is a lot of fuss about something. (INFORMAL)

- Schulman is a little tired of the hoo-ha about the all-women team.

N-SING: also no det

hook

[D.J.:huk]

[K.K.:hʊk]

vt. & vi.

钩住, 吊住, 挂住

vt.

弯成钩形

n.

挂钩; 鱼钩

钩拳

转弯处

hooked

[D.J.:hʊkt]

[K.K.:hʊkt]

adj.

钩状的

吸毒成瘾的

着了迷的

hooking

屏幕变形

hook ***

1. hook hooks
A hook is a bent piece of metal or plastic that is used for catching or holding things, or for hanging things up.

- One of his jackets hung from a hook.

- ...curtain hooks...

- He felt a fish pull at his hook.

N-COUNT

2. hook hooks hooking hooked
If you hook one thing to another, you attach it there using a hook. If something hooks somewhere, it can be hooked there.

- Paul hooked his tractor to the car and pulled it to safety.

- ...one of those can openers that hooked onto the wall.

V-ERG

3. hook hooks hooking hooked
If you hook your arm, leg, or foot round an object, you place it like a hook round the object in order to move it or hold it.

- She latched on to his arm, hooking her other arm around a tree.

- I hooked my left arm over the side of the dinghy.

VB

4. hook hooks hooking hooked
If you hook a fish, you catch it with a hook on the end of a line.

- At the first cast I hooked a huge fish, probably a tench.

VB

5. hook hooks
A hook is a short sharp blow with your fist that you make with your elbow bent, usually in a boxing match.

- Lewis desperately needs to keep clear of Ruddock's big left hook.

N-COUNT: usu adj N

6. hook hooks hooking hooked
If you are hooked into something, or hook into something, you get involved with it. (mainly AM)

- I'm guessing again now because I'm not hooked into the political circles.

- Eager to hook into a career but can't find one right for you?

V-ERG

7. hook hooks hooking hooked
If you hook into the Internet, you make a connection with the Internet on a particular occasion so that you can use it.

- ...an interactive media tent where people will be able to hook into the internet.

VB

8. hook up hooks up; hooking up; hooked up
Hook up means the same as hook .

- ...a UK firm that lets Britons hook up to the Internet.

PHR-V

9. hook
If someone gets off the hook or is let off the hook , they manage to get out of the awkward or unpleasant situation that they are in. (INFORMAL)

- Government officials accused of bribery and corruption get off the hook with monotonous regularity.

- His opponents have no intention of letting him off the hook until he agrees to leave office immediately.

PHR: V inflects

10. hook
If you take a phone off the hook , you take the receiver off the part that it normally rests on, so that the phone will not ring.
PHR: PHR after v

11. hook
If your phone is ringing off the hook , so many people are trying to telephone you that it is ringing constantly. (AM)

- Since war broke out, the phones at donation centers have been ringing off the hook.

PHR: V inflects

hook up ***

1. hook up hooks up; hooking up; hooked up
When someone hooks up a computer or other electronic machine, they connect it to other similar machines or to a central power supply.

- ...technicians who hook up computer systems and networks...

- He brought it down, hooked it up, and we got the generator going.

- ...if the machine is hooked up to an apartment's central wiring system.

PHR-V

2. hook up hooks up; hooking up; hooked up
If one person, especially a musician, hooks up with another, the two people start working with each other. You can also say that two people hook up .

- Anthrax have hooked up with Public Enemy for a metal/rap version of `Bring On The Noise'.

- Seeing as how we got on so well together, it just seemed natural that we should hook up.

PHR-V-RECIP

hooked *

1. hooked
If you describe something as hooked , you mean that it is shaped like a hook.

- He was thin and tall, with a hooked nose.

- ...hooked claws.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. hooked
If you are hooked on something, you enjoy it so much that it takes up a lot of your interest and attention. (INFORMAL)

- Many of the leaders have become hooked on power and money.

- Open this book and read a few pages and you will be hooked.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ on n

3. hooked
If you are hooked on a drug, you are addicted to it. (INFORMAL)

- He spent a number of years hooked on cocaine, heroin and alcohol.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ on n

hook

noun

1.

fastener

catch

clasp

link

peg

verb

2.

fasten

clasp

fix

secure

3.

catch

ensnare

entrap

snare

trap

hooked

adjective

1.

bent

aquiline

curved

hook-shaped

2.

addicted

devoted

enamoured

obsessed

taken

turned on slang

hooker

[D.J.:ˈhukə]

[K.K.:ˈhʊkɚ]

n.

渔船

hooker *

hooker hookers
A hooker is a prostitute. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

hook-up

n.

连接,接合;联播,联播网

hook-up

hook-up hook-ups
A hook-up is a connection between two places, systems, or pieces of equipment.

- Water and electric hook-ups are available and facilities are good.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

hooky

[D.J.:ˈhuki]

[K.K.:ˈhʊki]

n.

逃学者

v.

偷

adj.

多钩的

hooky

hooky
If a child plays hooky , they stay away from school without permission. (INFORMAL) (mainly AM; in BRIT use play truant )

- ...the misadventures of a happy-go-lucky boy who plays hooky from school.

PHR: V inflects also hookey .
= play truant

hooligan

[D.J.:ˈhu:lɪgən]

[K.K.:ˈhulɪɡən]

n.

小流氓, 街头恶棍

hooligan *

hooligan hooligans
If you describe people, especially young people, as hooligans , you are critical of them because they behave in a noisy and violent way in a public place.

- ...riots involving football hooligans.

N-COUNT disapproval

hooligan

noun

delinquent

lager lout

ruffian

vandal

yob or yobbo Brit. slang

hooliganism *

hooliganism
Hooliganism is the behaviour and actions of hooligans.

- ...police investigating football hooliganism.

N-UNCOUNT

hooliganism

noun

delinquency

disorder

loutishness

rowdiness

vandalism

violence

hoop

[D.J.:hu:p, hʊp]

[K.K.:hup, hʊp]

n.

箍;箍状物;(孩子们玩的)铁环

go through the hoop(s)

经受磨炼

hoop *

1. hoop hoops
A hoop is a large ring made of wood, metal, or plastic.
N-COUNT

2. hoop hoops
In croquet, the hoops are the small metal arches which players hit the ball through.
N-COUNT

3. hoop hoops
A basketball hoop is the ring that players try to throw the ball into in order to score points for their team.
N-COUNT

4. hoop
If someone makes you jump through hoops , they make you do lots of difficult or boring things in order to please them or achieve something.

- He had the duty receptionist almost jumping through hoops for him. But to no avail.

PHR: V inflects

hoop

noun

ring

band

circlet

girdle

loop

wheel

hooped

hooped
If something is hooped , it is decorated with hoops or horizontal stripes, or it contains hoops as part of its structure. (mainly BRIT)

- A hooped arbour of iron rods was constructed from one wall to the other.

- ...emerald green and red hooped sleeves.

ADJ: ADJ n

hooray

[D.J.:hʊˈreɪ]

[K.K.:hʊˈre]

n&int.

万岁

hooray

hooray
People sometimes shout ` Hooray! ' when they are very happy and excited about something.
EXCLAM
hip hip hooray : see hip .

hoot

[D.J.:hu:t]

[K.K.:hut]

n.

猫头鹰叫声;汽笛响声;汽车喇叭声

表示蔑视不满的叫喊, 冷笑

not care/give a hoot (about sb/sth)

毫不在乎

vt. & vi.

(使)作汽笛声响, 作汽车喇叭声

hoots

[D.J.:hu:ts]

[K.K.:huts, uts]

int.

咄,啐

hoot *

1. hoot hoots hooting hooted
If you hoot the horn on a vehicle or if it hoots , it makes a loud noise on one note. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use honk or toot )

- I never hoot my horn when I pick a girl up for a date.

- Somewhere in the distance a siren hooted.

- I can be very rude to motorists who hoot at me.

- It felt good to drive down the middle of the road, hooting at every junction.

V-ERG

2. hoot hoots
Also a noun.

- Mortlake strode on, ignoring the car, in spite of a further warning hoot.

N-COUNT

3. hoot hoots hooting hooted
If you hoot , you make a loud high-pitched noise when you are laughing or showing disapproval.

- The protesters chanted, blew whistles and hooted at the name of Governor Pete Wilson.

- Bev hooted with laughter.

VB

4. hoot hoots
Also a noun.

- His confession was greeted with derisive hoots.

- This time she burst into hoots of laughter.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

5. hoot hoots hooting hooted
When an owl hoots , it makes a sound like a long `oo'.

- Out in the garden an owl hooted suddenly.

VB

6. hoot
If you say that someone or something is a hoot , you think they are very amusing. (INFORMAL)

- Michael Fish is my favourite. He's a hoot, a real character.

N-SING: a N

7. hoot
If you say that you don't give a hoot or don't care two hoots about something, you are emphasizing that you do not care at all about it. (INFORMAL)

- Alan doesn't care two hoots about Irish politics.

- They just don't give a hoot.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR about/for n, PHR wh emphasis

hoot

noun

1.

cry

call

toot

2.

catcall

boo

hiss

jeer

verb

3.

jeer

boo

hiss

howl down

hooter

[D.J.:ˈhu:tə]

[K.K.:ˈhutɚ]

n.

汽笛

hooter

hooter hooters
A hooter is a device such as a horn that makes a hooting noise. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

hoover

[ˈhu:və]

n.

真空吸尘器

vt.

用真空吸尘器打扫

hoover *

1. hoover hoovers
A Hoover is a vacuum cleaner . (BRIT, TRADEMARK)
N-COUNT

2. hoover hoovers hoovering hoovered
If you hoover a carpet, you clean it using a vacuum cleaner. (BRIT)

- She hoovered the study and the sitting-room.

VB

3. hoovering

- I finished off the hoovering upstairs.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N

hop

[D.J.:hɔp]

[K.K.:hɑp]

vi.

单足蹦跳, 跳跃

跳上[下]

vt.

跃过, 跳过

搭乘

n.

蹦跳, 跳跃

跳舞

一次飞行的距离

hopping

[ˈhɔpiŋ]

adj.

卖力的,忙碌的

hops

酒花

hop **

1. hop hops hopping hopped
If you hop , you move along by jumping on one foot.

- I hopped down three steps.

- Malcolm hopped rather than walked.

VB

2. hop hops
Also a noun.

- `This really is a catching rhythm, huh?' he added, with a few little hops.

N-COUNT

3. hop hops hopping hopped
When birds and some small animals hop , they move along by jumping on both feet.

- A small brown fawn hopped across the trail in front of them.

VB

4. hop hops
Also a noun.

- The rabbit got up, took four hops and turned round.

N-COUNT

5. hop hops hopping hopped
If you hop somewhere, you move there quickly or suddenly. (INFORMAL)

- My wife and I were the first to arrive and hopped on board.

- I hopped out of bed quickly.

VB
= jump

6. hop hops
A hop is a short, quick journey, usually by plane. (INFORMAL)

- It is a three-hour drive from Geneva but can be reached by a 20-minute hop in a private helicopter.

N-COUNT

7. hop hops
A hop is a social event at which people mix together and dance in an informal way. (INFORMAL)

- They were afraid of being turned down when they asked girls to dance at high school hops.

N-COUNT

8. hop hops
Hops are flowers that are dried and used for making beer.
N-COUNT: usu pl

9. hop
If you tell someone to hop it , you are telling them in a rude way to go away. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- `Hop it', I snapped at the bloke. `She's with me.'

PHR: V inflects feelings
= clear off

10. hop
Someone who is hopping mad is very angry. (INFORMAL)

- The family's hopping mad that she left them nothing.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

11. hop
If you are caught on the hop , you are surprised by someone doing something when you were not expecting them to and so you are not prepared for it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- His plans almost caught security chiefs and hotel staff on the hop.

PHR: usu PHR after v

hop

verb

1.

jump

bound

caper

leap

skip

spring

trip

vault

noun

2.

jump

bounce

bound

leap

skip

spring

step

vault

hope

[D.J.:həup]

[K.K.:hop]

n.

希望, 期望

有希望的人或事物

vt. & vi.

希望, 期望

hopes

n.,v.

希望

hope *****

1. hope hopes hoping hoped
If you hope that something is true, or you hope for something, you want it to be true or to happen, and you usually believe that it is possible or likely.

- She had decided she must go on as usual, follow her normal routine, and hope and pray.

- He hesitates before leaving, almost as though he had been hoping for conversation.

- I hope to get a job within the next two weeks.

- The researchers hope that such a vaccine could be available in about ten years' time.

- `We'll speak again.' --- `I hope so.'.

- `Will it happen again?' --- `I hope not, but you never know.'

VB

2. hope hopes hoping hoped
If you say that you cannot hope for something, or if you talk about the only thing that you can hope to get, you mean that you are in a bad situation, and there is very little chance of improving it.

- Things aren't ideal, but that's the best you can hope for.

- I always knew it was too much to hope for.

- ...these mountains, which no one can hope to penetrate.

VB: with brd-neg

3. hope hopes
Also a noun.

- The only hope for underdeveloped countries is to become, as far as possible, self-reliant.

- The car was smashed beyond any hope of repair.

N-VAR

4. hope
Hope is a feeling of desire and expectation that things will go well in the future.

- Now that he has become President, many people once again have hope for genuine changes in the system.

- But Kevin hasn't given up hope of being fit.

- Consumer groups still hold out hope that the president will change his mind.

- Thousands of childless couples are to be given new hope by the government.

N-UNCOUNT

5. hope hopes
If someone wants something to happen, and considers it likely or possible, you can refer to their hopes of that thing, or to their hope that it will happen.

- They have hopes of increasing trade between the two regions.

- The delay in the programme has dashed Japan's hopes of commercial success in space.

- My hope is that, in the future, I will go over there and marry her.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n/-ing, N that

6. hope hopes
If you think that the help or success of a particular person or thing will cause you to be successful or to get what you want, you can refer to them as your hope .

- ...England's last hope in the English Open Table Tennis Championships...

- Roemer represented the best hope for a businesslike climate in Louisiana.

N-COUNT: with supp

7. hope
If you are in a difficult situation and do something and hope for the best , you hope that everything will happen in the way you want, although you know that it may not.

- I took the risk and hoped for the best.

- Some companies are cutting costs and hoping for the best.

PHR: V inflects

8. hope
If you tell someone not to get their hopes up , or not to build their hopes up , you are warning them that they should not become too confident of progress or success.

- There is no reason for people to get their hopes up over this mission.

- I don't want you to build your hopes up, but I'll have a word with Fred tomorrow.

PHR: V inflects

9. hope
If you say that someone has not got a hope in hell of doing something, you are emphasizing that they will not be able to do it. (INFORMAL)

- Everybody knows they haven't got a hope in hell of forming a government anyway.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR, oft PHR of -ing emphasis

10. hope
If you have high hopes or great hopes that something will happen, you are confident that it will happen.

- I had high hopes that Derek Randall might play an important part.

- Britain's three-day event team has high hopes of winning the Olympic gold medal.

- He had no great hopes for the success of his undertaking.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR, usu PHR that, PHR of n/-ing, PHR for n

11. hope
If you hope against hope that something will happen, you hope that it will happen, although it seems impossible.

- She glanced about the hall, hoping against hope that Richard would be waiting for her.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR that

12. hope
You use ` I hope ' in expressions such as ` I hope you don't mind ' and ` I hope I'm not disturbing you ', when you are being polite and want to make sure that you have not offended someone or disturbed them.

- I hope you don't mind me coming to see you.

- I hope I haven't said anything to upset you.

PHR: PHR with cl politeness

13. hope
You say ` I hope ' when you want to warn someone not to do something foolish or dangerous.

- You're not trying to see him, I hope?.

- I hope you won't be too harsh with the girl.

- Are we starting that again? I most sincerely hope not.

PHR: PHR with cl, PHR not

14. hope
You add ` I hope ' to what you are saying to make it sound more polite and less rude or less definite.

- I'm the best man for the job, I hope.

- Fraulein Wendel is well, I hope?

PHR: PHR with cl politeness

15. hope
If you do one thing in the hope of another thing happening, you do it because you think it might cause or help the other thing to happen, which is what you want.

- He was studying in the hope of being admitted to an engineering college.

- We will be analysing all the things she has told us in the hope that we can locate the person responsible.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR of -ing, PHR that

16. hope
If you live in hope that something will happen, you continue to hope that it will happen, although it seems unlikely, and you realize that you are being foolish.

- I just live in hope that one day she'll talk to me.

- My mother bought lots of tickets and lived in hope of winning the prize.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR that, PHR of -ing

17. hope
If you say ` Some hope ', or ` Not a hope ', you think there is no possibility that something will happen, although you may want it to happen. (INFORMAL)

- The industry reckons it will see orders swell by 10% this financial year. Some hope.

CONVENTION feelings

hope

verb

1.

desire

aspire

cross one's fingers

long

look forward to

set one's heart on

noun

2.

desire

ambition

assumption

dream

expectation

longing

hoped-for *

hoped-for
Hoped-for is used to describe something that people would like to happen, and which they usually think is likely or possible. (JOURNALISM)

- The hoped-for economic recovery in Britain did not arrive.

- The hoped-for result is to raise $106 million next year.

ADJ: ADJ n

hopeful

[D.J.:ˈhəupful]

[K.K.:ˈhopfəl]

adj.

抱有希望的

给人以希望的

n.

有成功希望的人

hopefully

[D.J.:ˈhəʊpfəli:]

[K.K.:ˈhopfəli]

adv.

怀有希望地;如果顺利的话,可望

hopeful **

1. hopeful
If you are hopeful , you are fairly confident that something that you want to happen will happen.

- I am hopeful this misunderstanding will be rectified very quickly.

- Surgeons were hopeful of saving the sight in Sara's left eye.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ that, ADJ of n/-ing

2. hopefully

- `Am I welcome?' He smiled hopefully, leaning on the door.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. hopeful
If something such as a sign or event is hopeful , it makes you feel that what you want to happen will happen.

- The result of the election in is yet another hopeful sign that peace could come to the Middle East.

- ...hopeful forecasts that the economy will improve.

ADJ-GRADED

4. hopeful
A hopeful action is one that you do in the hope that you will get what you want to get.

- We've chartered the aircraft in the hopeful anticipation that the government will allow them to leave.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. hopeful hopefuls
If you refer to someone as a hopeful , you mean that they are hoping and trying to achieve success in a particular career, election, or competition.

- His soccer skills continue to be put to good use in his job as football coach to young hopefuls.

N-COUNT

hopefully **

hopefully
You say hopefully when mentioning something that you hope will happen. Some careful speakers of English think that this use of hopefully is not correct, but it is very frequently used.

- Both of them have been through an awful lot and hopefully now I can help them rebuild their lives.

- Hopefully, you won't have any problems after reading this.

ADV: ADV with cl/group

hopeful

adjective

1.

optimistic

buoyant

confident

expectant

looking forward to

sanguine

2.

promising

auspicious

bright

encouraging

heartening

reassuring

rosy

hopefully

adverb

optimistically

confidently

expectantly

hopeless

[D.J.:ˈhəuplis]

[K.K.:ˈhoplɪs]

adj.

不抱希望的, 绝望的

不给人希望的, 无望的

不行的, 无能的

hopelessly

[D.J.:ˈhəʊplɪslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈhoplɪslɪ]

adv.

绝望地,无望地

无可救药地

完完全全(用以表示强调)

hopeless **

1. hopeless
If you feel hopeless , you feel very unhappy because there seems to be no possibility of a better situation or success.

- He had not heard her cry before in this uncontrolled, hopeless way.

- The economic crisis makes jobs almost impossible to find and even able pupils feel hopeless about job prospects.

ADJ-GRADED

2. hopelessly

- I looked around hopelessly.

- ...a young woman hopelessly in love with a handsome hero.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV prep

3. hopelessness

- She had a feeling of hopelessness about the future.

N-UNCOUNT

4. hopeless
Someone or something thing that is hopeless is certain to fail or be unsuccessful.

- I don't believe your situation is as hopeless as you think. If you love each other, you'll work it out.

- A doctor is there to treat and to cure, not to dismiss anyone as a hopeless case.

ADJ-GRADED

5. hopeless
If someone is hopeless at something, they are very bad at it. (INFORMAL)

- I'd be hopeless at working for somebody else.

- I was fine at sports, but pretty hopeless academically.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ at n

6. hopeless
You use hopeless to emphasize how bad or inadequate something or someone is.

- I don't drive and the buses are quite hopeless.

- Argentina's economic policies were a hopeless mess.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis

7. hopelessly

- The story is hopelessly confusing.

- They were on the other side of Berlin and Harry was hopelessly lost.

- By October 1990, when arrested, he was hopelessly in debt.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/-ed/prep, also ADV after v

hopeless

adjective

pointless

futile

impossible

no-win

unattainable

useless

vain

hopper

[D.J.:ˈhɔpə]

[K.K.:ˈhɑpɚ]

n.

加料斗

hopper *

hopper hoppers
A hopper is a large cone-shaped device into which substances such as grain, coal, or animal food can be put and from which they can be released when required.
N-COUNT

hopscotch

[D.J.:ˈhɔpˌskɔtʃ]

[K.K.:ˈhɑpˌskɑtʃ]

n.

跳房子

hopscotch

hopscotch
Hopscotch is a children's game which involves jumping between squares which are drawn on the ground.
N-UNCOUNT

horde

[D.J.:hɔ:d, həʊrd]

[K.K.:hɔrd, hord]

n.

移动着的一大群

horde *

horde hordes
If you describe a crowd of people as a horde , you mean that the crowd is very large and excited and, often, rather frightening or unpleasant.

- This attracts hordes of tourists to Las Vegas.

- ...a horde of people was screaming for tickets.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

horde

noun

crowd

band

drove

gang

host

mob

multitude

pack

swarm

throng

horizon

[həˈraizən]

n.

地平线

范围, 界限, 眼界

horizon **

1. horizon
The horizon is the line in the far distance where the sky seems to meet the land or the sea.

- A grey smudge appeared on the horizon. That must be Calais, thought Fay.

- The sun had already sunk below the horizon.

N-SING: usu the N

2. horizon horizons
Your horizons are the limits of what you want to do or of what you are interested or involved in.

- As your horizons expand, these new ideas can give a whole new meaning to life.

- By embracing other cultures and genres, we actually broaden our horizons, rather than narrow any existing ones.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. horizon
If something is on the horizon , it is almost certainly going to happen or be done quite soon.

- With breast cancer, as with many common diseases, there is no obvious breakthrough on the horizon.

- Suddenly, with war on the horizon, the army seemed in danger of disintegration.

- There are glimmers of hope on the horizon.

PHR

horizon

noun

skyline

vista

horizontal

[D.J.:ˌhɔriˈzɔntəl]

[K.K.:ˌhɔrɪˈzɑntl, ˌhɑr-]

adj.

水平的, 与地平线平行的

horizontally

[D.J.:ˌhɔrɪˈzɔntɵlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌhɑrɪˈzɑntəlɪ]

adv.

水平地；横地

horizontal *

1. horizontal
Something that is horizontal is flat and level with the ground, rather than at an angle to it.

- The board consists of vertical and horizontal lines.

- Swing the club back until it is horizontal.

ADJ

2. horizontal
Also a noun.

- Do not raise your left arm above the horizontal.

N-SING: the N

3. horizontally

- The wind was cold and drove the snow at him almost horizontally.

- ...a horizontally striped tie.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV -ed

4. horizontal horizontals
A horizontal is a line or structure that is horizontal.

- The undulating planes and organic forms of the countryside provide relief from the hard horizontals and verticals of the urban scene.

N-COUNT

horizontal

adjective

level

flat

parallel

hormonal

[hɔ:ˈməunəl]

adj.

荷尔蒙的,激素的

hormone

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:ˌməʊn]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrˌmon]

n.

<生化>(刺激生长的)荷尔蒙,激素

hormonal

adj.

激素的

hormonal *

hormonal
Hormonal means relating to or involving hormones.

- ...our individual hormonal balance.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

hormones

激素类

hormone **

hormone hormones
A hormone is a chemical, usually occurring naturally in your body, that makes an organ of your body do something.
N-COUNT

hormone replacement therapy

hormone replacement therapy
If a woman has hormone replacement therapy , she takes the hormone oestrogen, usually in order to control the symptoms of the menopause.

- She has been on hormone replacement therapy for four years and looks fantastic.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

horn

[D.J.:hɔ:n]

[K.K.:hɔrn]

n.

角, 触角

角质物

号, 号角

喇叭, 报警器

horns

门窗框突角

horn **

1. horn horns
On a vehicle such as a car, the horn is the device that makes a loud noise as a signal or warning.

- He sounded the car horn.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

2. horn horns
The horns of an animal such as a cow or deer are the hard pointed things that grow from its head.

- A mature cow has horns.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. horn
Horn is the hard substance that the horns of animals are made of. Horn is sometimes used to make objects such as spoons, buttons, or ornaments.
N-UNCOUNT
See also horn-rimmed .

4. horn horns
A horn is a musical instrument of the brass family. It is a long circular metal tube, wide at one end, which you play by blowing.
N-COUNT: oft the N
= French horn

5. horn horns
A horn is a simple musical instrument consisting of a metal tube that is wide at one end and narrow at the other. You play it by blowing into it.

- ...a hunting horn.

N-COUNT

6. horn horns
A horn is a hollow curved object that is narrow at one end and wide at the other.

- ...a wind-up gramophone with a big horn.

N-COUNT

7. horn
If you blow your own horn , you boast about yourself. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use blow your own trumpet )
PHR

8. horn
If two people lock horns , they argue about something.

- During his six years in office, Seidman has often locked horns with lawmakers.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, pl-n PHR

9. horn
If you are on the horns of a dilemma , you have to choose between two things, both of which are unpleasant or difficult.

- The bird is caught on the horns of a dilemma. Should it attack the predator, even though it then risks its own life? Or should it get out while the going is good?

PHR: PHR after v
= in a quandry

10. horn
If someone pulls in their horns or draws in their horns , they start behaving more cautiously than they did before, especially by spending less money.

- Customers are drawing in their horns at a time of high interest rates.

PHR: V inflects

horned

[D.J.:hɔ:nd,ˈhɔ:nid]

[K.K.:hɔrnd]

adj.

有角的,角状的

horned

horned
Horned animals have horns, or parts of their bodies that look like horns.

- ...horned cattle.

- ...the call of a horned lark.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

hornet

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:nɪt]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrnɪt]

n.

大黄蜂,马蜂

a hornet’s nest

马蜂窝；一大堆麻烦

hornet

1. hornet hornets
A hornet is a large wasp. Hornets live in nests and have a powerful sting.
N-COUNT

2. hornet
If you say that someone has stirred up a hornet's nest , you mean that they have done something which has caused a lot of argument or trouble.
PHR: usu PHR after v

hornpipe

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:npaip]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrnˌpaɪp]

n.

角笛舞

角笛舞曲

hornpipe

hornpipe hornpipes
A hornpipe is a lively dance which was traditionally danced by sailors.
N-COUNT

horn-rimmed

adj.,n.

角质架的(眼镜)

horn-rimmed

horn-rimmed
Horn-rimmed glasses have plastic frames that look as though they are made of horn.
ADJ: ADJ n

horny

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:ni:]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrni]

adj.

坚硬的;粗糙的

horny *

1. horny hornier horniest
If you describe someone as horny , you mean that they are sexually aroused or that they easily become sexually aroused. (INFORMAL)

- But don't you get frustrated sometimes? I mean, don't you get a bit, you know, horny?

- ...horny adolescent boys.

ADJ-GRADED
= randy

2. horny
Something that is horny is hard, strong, and made of horn or of a hard substance like horn.

- His fingernails had grown long, and horny.

- This cuttlefish has a horny internal shell like a pen.

ADJ

horoscope

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:rəˌskəʊp, ˈhɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrəˌskop, ˈhɑr-]

n.

星占,算命天宫图

horoscope *

horoscope horoscopes
Your horoscope is a prediction of events which some people believe will happen to you in the future. Horoscopes are based on the position of the stars when you were born.
N-COUNT

horrendous

[D.J.:hɔ:ˈrendəs, hə-]

[K.K.:hɔˈrɛndəs, hə-]

adj.

可怕的, 恐怖的

极讨厌的

horrendous *

1. horrendous
Something that is horrendous is very unpleasant or shocking.

- He described it as the most horrendous experience of his life.

- The violence used was horrendous.

ADJ-GRADED
= horrific

2. horrendous
Some people use horrendous to describe something that is so big or great that they find it extremely unpleasant. (INFORMAL)

- Nor do their debts looks so horrendous when related to the value of their fixed assets.

- ...the usually horrendous traffic jams.

ADJ-GRADED
= dreadful

3. horrendously

- Many outings can now be horrendously expensive for parents with a young family.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/-ed, also ADV after v

horrible

[D.J.:ˈhɔrəbl]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrəbəl, ˈhɑr-]

adj.

可怕的, 令人恐惧的

极不友好的, 令人很不愉快的; 极讨厌的

horribly

[D.J.:ˈh ɔrəblɪ]

[K.K.:ˈh ɔrəblɪ]

adv.

可怕地

<口>非常,极其

horrible **

1. horrible
If you describe something or someone as horrible , you do not like them at all. (INFORMAL)

- The record sounds horrible.

- ...a horrible small boy.

ADJ-GRADED
= horrid ≠ lovely

2. horribly

- When trouble comes they behave selfishly and horribly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. horrible
You can call something horrible when it causes you to feel great shock, fear, and disgust.

- Still the horrible shrieking came out of his mouth.

ADJ-GRADED
= frightful

4. horribly

- A two-year-old boy was horribly murdered.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. horrible
Horrible is used to emphasize how bad something is.

- That seems like a horrible mess that will drag on for years.

- Unless you respect other people's religions, horrible mistakes and conflict will occur.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n emphasis
= awful

6. horribly

- Our plans have gone horribly wrong.

- You got horribly drunk.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

horrible

adjective

1.

terrifying

appalling

dreadful

frightful

ghastly

grim

grisly

gruesome

hideous

repulsive

revolting

shocking

2.

unpleasant

awful

cruel

disagreeable

dreadful

horrid

mean

nasty

terrible

horrid

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:rɪd, ˈhɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrɪd, ˈhɑr-]

adj.

引起反感的;可怕的

horrid *

1. horrid
If you describe something as horrid , you mean that it is very unpleasant indeed. (INFORMAL)

- What a horrid smell!.

- The winter was horrid.

ADJ-GRADED
= horrible

2. horrid
If you describe someone as horrid , you mean that they behave in a very unpleasant way towards other people. (INFORMAL)

- I must have been a horrid little girl.

- I love both my parents, but they're horrid to each other.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
= horrible

horrid

adjective

1.

unpleasant

awful

disagreeable

dreadful

horrible

terrible

2.

unkind

beastly informal

cruel

mean

nasty

horrific

[D.J.:hɔ:ˈrɪfɪk, hɔ-]

[K.K.:hɔˈrɪfɪk, hɑ-]

adj.

令人恐惧的, 可怕的

horrific *

1. horrific
If you describe a physical attack, accident, or injury as horrific , you mean that it is very bad, so that people are shocked when they see it or think about it.

- I have never seen such horrific injuries.

- The slaughter was horrific.

ADJ-GRADED
= horrendous

2. horrifically

- He had been horrifically assaulted before he died.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. horrific
If you describe something as horrific , you mean that it is so big that it is extremely unpleasant.

- ...piling up horrific extra amounts of money on top of your original debt.

ADJ-GRADED
= horrendous

4. horrifically

- Opera productions are horrifically expensive.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj

horrific

adjective Informal

terrifying

appalling

awful

dreadful

frightful

ghastly

grisly

horrendous

horrifying

shocking

horrified

[D.J.:ˈhɔrɪfaɪd]

[K.K.: ˈhɔrəˌfaɪd]

adj.

惊悸的, 带有恐怖感的, 惊骇的

horrify

[D.J.:ˈhɔrifai]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrəˌfaɪ, ˈhɑr-]

vt.

使震惊, 使感到恐怖

horrifying

[D.J.:ˈhɔrɪfaɪɪŋ]

[K.K.: ˈhɔrɪˌfaɪɪŋ]

adj.

令人恐惧的,使人惊骇的

horrify **

1. horrify horrifies horrifying horrified
If someone is horrified , they feel shocked or disgusted, usually because of something that they have seen or heard.

- His family were horrified by the change.

- ...a crime trend that will horrify all parents.

VB
= appal

2. horrified

- When I saw these figures I was horrified.

- We are so horrified by the enormity of the crime that we want somebody brought to justice quickly.

ADV-GRADED

horrifying *

1. horrifying
If you describe something as horrifying , you mean that it is shocking or disgusting.

- These were horrifying experiences.

- The scale of the problem is horrifying.

ADJ-GRADED
= appalling

2. horrifyingly

- ...horrifyingly high levels of infant mortality...

- The two cars cartwheeled horrifyingly into the sand trap at the first corner.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

horrify

verb

1.

terrify

alarm

frighten

intimidate

make one's hair stand on end

petrify

scare

2.

shock

appal

dismay

outrage

sicken

horror

[D.J.:ˈhɔrə]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrɚ, ˈhɑr-]

n.

恐怖, 恐惧, 惊恐

憎恶, 痛恨

令人感到恐怖的事

讨厌鬼

horror ***

1. horror
Horror is a feeling of great shock, fear, and worry caused by something extremely unpleasant.

- I felt numb with horror.

- As I watched in horror the boat began to power away from me.

N-UNCOUNT
= terror

2. horror
If you have a horror of something, you are afraid of it or dislike it very much.

- ...his horror of death.

N-SING: N of n

3. horror
The horror of something, especially something that hurts people, is its very great unpleasantness.

- ...the horror of this most bloody of civil wars.

N-SING: oft N of n

4. horror horrors
You can refer to extremely unpleasant or frightening experiences as horrors .

- Can you possibly imagine all the horrors we have undergone since I last wrote you?

N-COUNT: usu pl

5. horror horrors
If you refer to someone or something as a horror , you mean that you think they are very unpleasant or ugly. (INFORMAL)

- Our host was arrogant and offensive. How his sweet wife could tolerate such a horror was baffling.

N-COUNT

6. horror
A horror film or story is intended to be very frightening.

- ...a psychological horror film.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. horror
You can refer to an account of a very unpleasant experience or event as a horror story.

- ...a horror story about lost luggage while flying.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. horror
Horror of horrors is used to refer to something that you consider to be the worst part of a situation. (INFORMAL, HUMOROUS)

- The company has already boosted its share of the UK tea market with its round tea bags. Now it is successfully converting the nation to (horror of horrors) instant tea.

PHR: PHR with cl

horror

noun

1.

terror

alarm

consternation

dread

fear

fright

panic

2.

hatred

aversion

detestation

disgust

loathing

odium

repugnance

revulsion

horror-stricken

adj.

吓坏的

horror-stricken

horror-stricken
Horror-stricken means the same as horror-struck .
ADJ

horror-struck

[ˈhɔrəstrʌk]

adj.

惊恐的

horror-struck

horror-struck
If you describe someone as horror-struck or horror-stricken , you mean that they feel very great horror at something that has happened.

- `What is the matter with Signora Anna?' he whispered, horror-struck at her vacant face.

ADJ
= appalled

hors d'oeuvre

hors d'oeuvre hors d'oeuvres
Hors d'oeuvres are small amounts of cold food that are served before the main part of a meal.
N-VAR
= appetizers

horse

[D.J.:hɔ:s]

[K.K.:hɔrs]

n.

马

骑马的军人, 骑兵

horse ****

1. horse horses
A horse is a large animal which people can ride. Some horses are used for pulling ploughs and carts.

- A small man on a grey horse had appeared.

N-COUNT

2. horse horses
When you talk about the horses , you mean horse races in which people bet money on the horse which they think will win. (INFORMAL)

- He still likes to bet on the horses.

N-PLURAL: the N, usu on the N

3. horse horses
A vaulting horse is a tall piece of gymnastics equipment for jumping over.
N-COUNT

4. horse
If you hear something from the horses's mouth , you hear it from someone who knows that it is definitely true.

- He has got to hear it from the horse's mouth. Then he can make a judgment as to whether his policy is correct or not.

PHR: v PHR

horse

noun

nag

colt

filly

gee-gee slang

mare

mount

stallion

steed archaic or literary

horse around ****

horse around horses around; horsing around; horsed around
If you horse around , you play roughly and rather carelessly, so that you could hurt someone or damage something. (INFORMAL)

- Later that day I was horsing around with Katie when she accidentally stuck her finger in my eye.

PHR-V

horseback

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:sˌbæk]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrsˌbæk]

n.

马背

adj.

在马背上的

horseback *

1. horseback
If you do something on horseback , you do it while riding a horse.

- In remote mountain areas, voters arrived on horseback.

N-UNCOUNT: usu on/by N

2. horseback
A horseback ride is a ride on a horse.

- ...a horseback ride into the mountains.

ADJ: ADJ n
= horse riding

3. horseback
Also an adverb.

- Many people in this area ride horseback.

ADV

horseback riding

horseback riding
Horseback riding is the activity of riding a horse, especially for enjoyment or as a form of exercise. (AM; in BRIT use horse riding )
N-UNCOUNT

horse box

horse box horse boxes
A horse box is a vehicle which is used to take horses from one place to another. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT also horse-box .

horse chestnut

1. horse chestnut horse chestnuts
A horse chestnut is a large tree which has leaves with several pointed parts and shiny reddish-brown nuts called conkers that grow in cases with points on them.
N-COUNT also horse-chestnut .

2. horse chestnut horse chestnuts
Horse chestnuts are the nuts of a horse chestnut tree. They are more commonly called conkers .
N-COUNT also horse-chestnut .

horse-drawn

[D.J.:ˈh ɔ:sdr ɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈh ɔrsˌdr ɔn]

adj.

(用作定语)用马拖的

horse-drawn

horse-drawn
A horse-drawn carriage, cart, or other vehicle is one that is pulled by one or more horses.

- The Queen arrives for the ceremony in a horse-drawn open-topped carriage.

ADJ: ADJ n also horsedrawn .

horsehair

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:sheə]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrsˌhɛr]

n.

马毛,马毛织品

horsehair

horsehair
Horsehair is hair from the tails or manes of horses and was used in the past to fill mattresses and furniture such as armchairs.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

horseman

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:smən]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrsmən]

n.

骑手〔师〕

horseman *

horseman horsemen
A horseman is a man who is riding a horse, or who rides horses well.

- Gerald was a fine horseman.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

horseman

noun

rider

cavalier

cavalryman

dragoon

equestrian

horsemanship

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:smənˌʃɪp]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrsmənˌʃɪp]

n.

<正>骑术;马术

horsemanship

horsemanship
Horsemanship is the ability to ride horses well.
N-UNCOUNT

horseplay

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:splei]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrsˌple]

n.

动手脚和大声欢笑的玩闹

horseplay

horseplay
Horseplay is rough play in which people push and hit each other, or behave in a silly way. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...the childish splashing and horseplay Mark indulged in.

N-UNCOUNT

horseplay

noun

buffoonery

clowning

fooling around

high jinks

pranks

romping

rough-and-tumble

skylarking informal

horsepower

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:sˌpauə]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrsˌpaʊɚ]

n.

〈物〉马力

horsepower

horsepower
Horsepower is a unit of power used for measuring how powerful an engine is.

- The engine has more than 4,000 horsepower.

- ...a 300-horsepower engine.

N-UNCOUNT: usu num N

horse racing *

horse racing
Horse racing is a sport in which horses ridden by people called jockeys run in races, sometimes jumping over fences.
N-UNCOUNT also horse-racing , horseracing .

horseradish

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:srædiʃ]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrsˌrædɪʃ]

n.

山葵,其根所制调味剂

horseradish

1. horseradish
Horseradish is a small white vegetable that is the root of a crop. It has a very strong sharp taste and is often made into a sauce.

- ...1 tablespoon freshly grated horseradish.

N-UNCOUNT

2. horseradish
Horseradish or horseradish sauce is a sauce made from horseradish. It is often eaten with roast beef.
N-UNCOUNT

horse riding

horse riding
Horse riding is the activity of riding a horse, especially for enjoyment or as a form of exercise. (BRIT; in AM use horseback riding )
N-UNCOUNT also horse-riding .

horseshoe

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:ʃʃu:,ˈhɔ:sʃu:]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrsˌʃu, ˈhɔrʃ-]

n.

马蹄铁

vt.

装蹄铁于

horseshoe *

1. horseshoe horseshoes
A horseshoe is a piece of metal shaped like a U, which is fixed with nails to the bottom of a horse's foot in order to protect it.
N-COUNT

2. horseshoe horseshoes
A horseshoe is an object in the shape of a horseshoe which is used as a symbol of good luck, especially at a wedding.
N-COUNT

horse show

horse show horse shows
A horse show is a sporting event in which people riding horses compete in order to demonstrate their skill and control.
N-COUNT
= gymkhana

horse-trading

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:sˌtreɪdɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrsˌtredɪŋ]

n.

讨价还价；争论工作分配

政治交易

horse-trading

1. horse-trading
If you describe discussions or negotiations as horse-trading , you disapprove of them because they are unofficial and involve compromises. (BRIT, mainly JOURNALISM)

- ...the anger and distaste many people feel at the political horse-trading involved in forming a government.

N-UNCOUNT also horsetrading . disapproval

2. horse-trading
When negotiation or bargaining is forceful and shows clever and careful judgement, you can describe it as horse-trading . (AM)
N-UNCOUNT also horsetrading .

horsewhip

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:sˌwip]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrsˌhwɪp, -ˌwɪp]

vt.

(用马鞭)鞭打(某人)

horsewhip

1. horsewhip horsewhips
A horsewhip is a long, thin piece of leather on the end of a short, stiff handle. It is used to train and control horses.
N-COUNT also horse-whip .

2. horsewhip horsewhips horsewhipping horsewhipped
If someone horsewhips an animal or a person, they hit them several times with a horsewhip in order to hurt or punish them.

- He tied them up and then horsewhipped them, to `tame' his catches before sending them off to zoos.

- These young louts deserve to be horse-whipped.

VB also horse-whip .

horsewoman

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:sˌwʊmən]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrsˌwʊmən]

n.

女骑马者；女骑手

horsewoman

horsewoman horsewomen
A horsewoman is a woman who is riding a horse, or who rides horses well.

- She developed into an excellent horsewoman.

N-COUNT

horsey

[ˈhɔ:si]

adj.

马的,似马的

horsey

1. horsey
Someone who is horsey likes horses a lot and spends a lot of time with them. (INFORMAL)

- Harry has been riding since he was a child and he comes from a very horsey family.

ADJ-GRADED also horsy .

2. horsey
If you describe a woman as horsey , you are saying in a rather rude way that her face reminds you of a horse, for example because it is long and thin.

- ...his tall rather horsey wife.

ADJ-GRADED also horsy . disapproval

horticultural

[ˌhɔ:tiˈkʌltʃərəl]

adj.

园艺的

horticulture

[D.J.:ˈhɔ:tɪˌkʌltʃə]

[K.K.:ˈhɔrtɪˌkʌltʃɚ]

n.

园艺(学)

horticultural

adj.

园艺学的

horticulturist

n.

园艺学家

horticulturist

[ˌhɔ:tiˈkʌltʃərist]

n.

园艺家

horticultural *

horticultural
Horticultural means concerned with horticulture.

- The horticultural show will take place in the old covered Victorian Market.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

horticulturalist

horticulturalist horticulturalists
A horticulturalist is a person who grows flowers, fruit, and vegetables, especially as their job.
N-COUNT

horticulture

horticulture
Horticulture is the study and practice of growing plants.
N-UNCOUNT

hose

[həuz]

n.

连裤袜, 长统袜, 短统袜

软管, 胶管, 水龙头

vt.

用软管浇[冲洗]

hose *

1. hose hoses
A hose is a long, flexible pipe made of rubber or plastic. Water is directed through a hose in order to do things such as put out fires, clean cars, or water gardens.

- You've left the garden hose on.

- The firemen unwrapped their hoses and began dousing the scorched grain silos.

N-COUNT
= hosepipe

2. hose hoses
A hose is a pipe made of rubber or plastic, along which a liquid or gas flows, for example from one part of an engine to another.

- Water in the engine compartment is sucked away by a hose.

N-COUNT

3. hose hoses hosing hosed
If you hose something, you wash or water it using a hose.

- We wash our cars and hose our gardens without even thinking of the water that uses.

VB

4. hose
Hose is used to refer to tights, socks, and stockings. (OLD-FASHIONED or TECHNICAL)

- If you have varicose veins, consider wearing elastic support hose.

N-UNCOUNT
= hosiery

See also panty hose .

5. hose
Hose is an old-fashioned men's garment that looks like a pair of very tight trousers.
N-UNCOUNT

hose down *

hose down hoses down; hosing down; hosed down
When you hose something or someone down , you clean them using a hose.

- In one driveway a chauffeur wearing rubber boots was hosing down a limousine.

- When the children come in covered in sand you can just hose them down.

PHR-V

hosepipe

[D.J.:ˈhəʊzpaɪp]

n.

橡胶软管

hosepipe

hosepipe hosepipes
A hosepipe is a hose that people use to water their gardens or wash their cars. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT
= hose

hosiery

[D.J.:ˈhəʊʒəri:]

[K.K.:ˈhoʒəri]

n.

袜类

<英>针织内衣

hosiery

hosiery
You use hosiery to refer to tights, stockings, and socks, especially when they are on sale in shops. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

hospice

[D.J.:ˈhɔspis]

[K.K.:ˈhɑspɪs]

n.

(宗教团体开办的)旅客招待所

(晚期病人的)安养院

hospice *

hospice hospices
A hospice is a special hospital for people who are dying, where their practical and emotional needs are dealt with as well as their medical needs.

- ...a hospice for cancer patients...

- He died in March at St Julia's Hospice.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

hospitable

[D.J.:ˈhɔspɪtəbəl, hɔˈspɪtəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈhɑspɪtəbəl, hɑˈspɪtəbəl]

adj.

(人、其行为)好客的, 殷勤的, 热情友好的

hospitable *

1. hospitable
A hospitable person is friendly, generous, and welcoming to guests or people they have just met.

- The locals are hospitable and welcoming.

- He was very hospitable to me when I came to New York.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unfriendly

2. hospitable
A hospitable climate or environment is one that encourages the existence or development of particular people or things.

- Even in summer this place did not look exactly hospitable: in winter, conditions must have been exceedingly harsh.

- ...hospitable political environments.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ hostile

hospitable

adjective

welcoming

cordial

friendly

generous

gracious

kind

liberal

sociable

hospital

[D.J.:ˈhɔspitəl]

[K.K.:ˈhɑspɪtl, -ˌpɪtl]

n.

医院

hospital *****

hospital hospitals
A hospital is a place where people who are ill are looked after by nurses and doctors.

- Queen Elizabeth Hospital is a children's hospital with 120 beds.

- A couple of weeks later my mother went into hospital.

- He may be able to leave hospital early next week.

N-VAR

hospitality

[D.J.:ˌhɔspiˈtæliti]

[K.K.:ˌhɑspɪˈtælɪti]

n.

殷勤, 好客

(提供给客人的)食宿招待

hospitality *

1. hospitality
Hospitality is friendly, welcoming behaviour towards guests or people you have just met.

- Every visitor to Georgia is overwhelmed by the kindness, charm and hospitality of the people.

N-UNCOUNT

2. hospitality
Hospitality is the food, drink, and other privileges which some companies provide for their visitors or clients at major sporting or other public events.

- A few of us in the press were there, goggle-eyed at the lavish hospitality.

- ...corporate hospitality tents.

N-UNCOUNT

hospitality

noun

welcome

conviviality

cordiality

friendliness

neighbourliness

sociability

warmth

hospitalization

[D.J.:ˌhɔspɪtlɪˈzeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌhɑspɪtlɪˈzeʃən]

n.

医院收容;住院治疗

hospitalize

[D.J.:ˈhɔspɪtlˌaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈhɑspɪtl..ˌaɪz]

vt.

送…住院;使留医

hospitalize *

1. hospitalize hospitalizes hospitalizing hospitalized
If someone is hospitalized , they are sent or admitted to hospital.

- Most people do not have to be hospitalized for asthma or pneumonia.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also hospitalise

2. hospitalization

- Occasionally hospitalization is required to combat dehydration.

N-UNCOUNT

host

[D.J.:həust]

[K.K.:host]

n.

东道主, 主人

主办人[地方, 机构等]

(电视等的)节目主持人

n.

大量, 许多

军队

〈计〉主计算机, 主机

hosting

[ˈhəustiŋ]

n.

群众或部队的集合,作战

host *****

1. host hosts
The host at a party is the person who has invited the guests and provides the food, drink, or entertainment.

- Apart from my host, I didn't know a single person there.

- Tommy Sopwith was always the perfect host.

N-COUNT

2. host hosts hosting hosted
If someone hosts a party, dinner, or other function, they have invited the guests and provide the food, drink, or entertainment.

- Tonight she hosts a ball for 300 guests.

- ...a banquet hosted by the president of Kazakhstan.

VB

3. host hosts
A country, city, or organization that is the host of an event provides the facilities for that event to take place.

- Barcelona was chosen to be host of the 1992 Olympic games.

- ...a preliminary qualifying tournament in Andorra involving the host country.

N-COUNT: oft N n

4. host hosts hosting hosted
If a country, city, or organization hosts an event, they provide the facilities for the event to take place.

- Cannes hosts the annual film festival.

VB

5. host
If a person or country plays host to an event or an important visitor, they host the event or the visit.

- In 1987 Canada played host to the Commonwealth Conference.

- The Prime Minister played host to French Premier Jacques Chirac.

PHR: V inflects

6. host hosts
The host of a radio or television show is the person who introduces it and talks to the people who appear in it.

- I am host of a live radio programme.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= presenter

7. host hosts hosting hosted
The person who hosts a radio or television show introduces it and talks to the people who appear in it.

- She also hosts a show on St Petersburg Radio.

VB

8. host
A host of things is a lot of them.

- A host of problems may delay the opening of the Channel Tunnel.

- Today we have radios, TVs, and a whole host of gadgets powered by electricity.

QUANT
= multitude

9. host hosts
If an area is host to living things, those creatures live and feed in that area.

- Uganda's beautiful highlands are host to a wide range of wildlife.

N-COUNT: usu N to n

10. host hosts
A host or a host computer is the main computer in a network of computers, which controls the most important files and programs.
N-COUNT: oft N n

11. host hosts
The host of a parasite is the plant or animal which it lives on or inside and from which it gets its food. (TECHNICAL)

- When the eggs hatch the larvae eat the living flesh of the host animal.

N-COUNT: oft N n

12. host hosts
The Host is the bread which is used to represent the body of Christ in Christian church services such as Holy Communion. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT: usu sing, the N

host

noun

1.

master of ceremonies

entertainer

innkeeper

landlord or landlady

proprietor

2.

presenter

anchorman or anchorwoman

compere Brit.

verb

3.

present

compere Brit.

front informal

introduce

host

noun

multitude

army

array

drove

horde

legion

myriad

swarm

throng

hostage

[D.J.:ˈhɔstidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈhɑstɪdʒ]

n.

人质

hostage ****

1. hostage hostages
A hostage is someone who has been captured by a person or organization and who may be killed or injured if people do not do what that person or organization demands.

- It is hopeful that two hostages will be freed in the next few days.

N-COUNT

2. hostage
If someone is taken hostage or is held hostage , they are captured and kept as a hostage.

- He was taken hostage while on his first foreign assignment as a television journalist.

PHR: V inflects

3. hostage hostages
If you say you are hostage to something, you mean that your freedom to take action is restricted by things that you cannot control.

- With the reduction in foreign investments, the government will be even more a hostage to the whims of the international oil price.

- Wine growers say they've been held hostage to the interests of the cereal and soybean farmers.

N-VAR: N to n

hostage

noun

prisoner

captive

pawn

hostel

[D.J.:ˈhɔstəl]

[K.K.:ˈhɑstəl]

n.

旅舍, 招待所

青年宿舍

hostel **

hostel hostels
A hostel is a large house where people can stay cheaply for a short period of time. Hostels are usually owned by local government authorities or charities. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT
See also youth hostel .

hostelry

[D.J.:ˈhɔstəlri]

[K.K.:ˈhɑstəlri]

n.

旅馆

hostelry

hostelry hostelries
A hostelry is a pub or a hotel. (BRIT, FORMAL)
N-COUNT

hostess

[D.J.:ˈhəʊstɪs]

[K.K.:ˈhostɪs]

n.

女主人

空中小姐

hostess *

1. hostess hostesses
The hostess at a party is the woman who has invited the guests and provides the food, drink, or entertainment.

- The hostess introduced them.

- She was a superb hostess to us all.

N-COUNT

2. hostess hostesses
A hostess at a night club or dance hall is a woman who is paid by a man to be with him for the evening.
N-COUNT

hostile

[D.J.:ˈhɔstail]

[K.K.:ˈhɑstəl, -ˌtaɪl]

adj.

怀有敌意的, 不友善的

敌人的, 敌方的

hostile **

1. hostile
If you are hostile to another person or an idea, you disagree with them or disapprove of them, often showing this in your behaviour.

- Many people felt would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.

- The West has gradually relaxed its hostile attitude to this influential state.

- The Governor faced hostile crowds when he visited the town yesterday.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to/towards n
= antagonistic ≠ receptive

2. hostile
Someone who is hostile is unfriendly and aggressive.

- Drinking may make a person feel relaxed and happy, or it may make her hostile, violent, or depressed.

- The prisoner eyed him in hostile silence.

ADJ-GRADED
= aggressive ≠ cordial

3. hostile
Hostile situations and conditions make it difficult for you to achieve something.

- ...some of the most hostile climatic conditions in the world...

- If this round of talks fails, the world's trading environment is likely to become increasingly hostile.

ADJ-GRADED

4. hostile
In a war, you use the word hostile to describe your enemy's forces, organizations, weapons, land, and activities.

- The city is encircled by a hostile army.

- They were in hostile territory.

- ...hostile aircraft.

ADJ: ADJ n
= enemy

hostile

adjective

1.

opposed

antagonistic

belligerent

contrary

ill-disposed

rancorous

2.

unfriendly

adverse

inhospitable

unsympathetic

unwelcoming

hostilities *

hostilities
You can refer to fighting between two countries or groups who are at war as hostilities . (FORMAL)

- The authorities have urged people to stock up on fuel in case hostilities break out.

N-PLURAL

hostilities

plural noun

warfare

conflict

fighting

war

hostility

[D.J.:hɔsˈtiliti]

[K.K.:hɑˈstɪlɪti]

n.

敌意, 敌对状态

战争行动, 战斗

hostility **

1. hostility
Hostility is unfriendly or aggressive behaviour towards people or ideas.

- The last decade has witnessed a serious rise in the levels of racism and hostility to Black and ethnic groups.

- Christabel looked at Ron with open hostility.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to/towards n

2. hostility
Your hostility to something you do not approve of is your opposition to it.

- There is hostility among traditionalists to this method of teaching history.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N to/towards n

hostility

noun

opposition

animosity

antipathy

enmity

hatred

ill will

malice

resentment

unfriendliness

hot

[D.J.:hɔt]

[K.K.:hɑt]

adj.

热的, 烫的

棘手的, 争议大的

刚做好的; 最新的; 热门的

hotter

[ˈhɔtə]

adj.

热的,热烈的

hottest

adj.

热的,热烈的

hot ****

1. hot hotter hottest
Something that is hot has a high temperature.

- When the oil is hot, add the sliced onion.

- What he needed was a hot bath and a good sleep.

- Metal-handled pans can get really hot and burn you.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ cold cool

2. hot hotter hottest
Hot is used to describe the weather or the air in a room or building when the temperature is high.

- It was too hot even for a gentle stroll.

- It was a hot, humid summer day.

- My small greenhouse gets very hot when the sun is shining.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ chilly cold

3. hot hotter hottest
If you are hot , you feel as if your body is at an unpleasantly high temperature.

- I was too hot and tired to eat more than a few mouthfuls.

- My head was reeling. I felt hot all over.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
≠ cold

4. hot hotter hottest
You use hot to talk or ask about how high the temperature of something is.

- They are called incandescent lights, and their colour depends on how hot they are.

- Remember that the top of the oven will be hotter than the bottom.

ADJ-GRADED: how ADJ, as ADJ as , ADJ-compar than

5. hot
Hot food is intended to be eaten as soon as it is cooked, as opposed to food that you eat when it has cooled or that you do not cook at all.

- If you live alone, you might not want to cook a hot meal every day.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ cold

6. hot hotter hottest
You can say that food is hot when it has a strong, burning taste caused by chillies, pepper, or ginger.

- ...hot curries.

- ...a dish that's spicy but not too hot.

ADJ-GRADED
= spicy ≠ mild

7. hot hotter hottest
A hot issue or topic is one that is very important at the present time and is receiving a lot of publicity. (JOURNALISM)

- The role of women in war has been a hot topic of debate in America since the Gulf conflict.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

8. hot hotter hottest
Hot news is new, recent, and fresh. (INFORMAL)

- Well, if you hear any hot news from Yugoslavia, you'll let us know, won't you.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

9. hot hotter hottest
You can use hot to describe something that is very exciting and that many people want to see, use, obtain, or become involved with. (INFORMAL)

- When I was in Chicago in 1990 a friend got me a ticket for the hottest show in town: the Monet Exhibition at the Art Institute.

- When I was last there, the hot place was the Royal Bachelors' Club.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

10. hot hotter hottest
You can use hot to describe something that no one wants to deal with, often because it has been illegally obtained and is very valuable or famous. (INFORMAL)

- If too much publicity is given to the theft of important works, the works will become too hot to handle and be destroyed.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

11. hot hotter hottest
You can describe a situation that is created by a person's behaviour or attitude as hot when it is unpleasant and difficult to deal with. (INFORMAL)

- When the streets get too hot for them, they head south in one stolen car after another.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

12. hot hotter hottest
A hot contest is one that is intense and involves a great deal of activity and determination. (INFORMAL)

- It took hot competition from abroad, however, to show us just how good Scottish cashmere really is.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= fierce

13. hot hotter hottest
If a person or team is the hot favourite, people think that they are the one most likely to win a race or competition.

- Atlantic City is the hot favourite to stage the fight.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

14. hot hotter hottest
Someone who has a hot temper gets angry very quickly and easily.

- His hot temper was making it increasingly difficult for others to work with him.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
See also hot-tempered .

15. hot
If someone blows hot and cold , they keep changing their attitude towards something, sometimes being very enthusiastic and at other times expressing no interest at all.

- The media, meanwhile, has blown hot and cold on the affair.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR on/over/about n

16. hot
If you are hot and bothered , you are so worried and anxious that you cannot think clearly or behave sensibly.

- Ray was getting very hot and bothered about the idea.

PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR about n
= in a flap

17. hot
If you say that one person has the hots for another, you mean that they feel a strong sexual attraction to that person. (INFORMAL)

- I've had the hots for him ever since he came to college.

PHR: V inflects

hot

adjective

1.

heated

boiling

roasting

scalding

scorching

searing

steaming

sultry

sweltering

torrid

warm

2.

spicy

biting

peppery

piquant

pungent

sharp

3.

fierce

fiery

intense

passionate

raging

stormy

violent

4.

recent

fresh

just out

latest

new

up to the minute

5.

popular

approved

favoured

in demand

in vogue

sought-after

hot up ****

hot up hots up; hotting up; hotted up
When something hots up , it becomes more active or exciting. (BRIT)

- The bars rarely hot up before 1am or the night-clubs before 2am.

- Campaigning is expected to start hotting up today.

PHR-V

hot air *

hot air
If you say that someone's claims or promises are just hot air , you are criticizing them because they are made mainly to impress people and have no real value or meaning. (INFORMAL)

- His justification for the merger was just hot air.

- I'd come to the conclusion by then that he was all hot air.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= empty talk

hot air

noun

empty talk

bombast

claptrap informal

guff slang

verbiage

wind

hot-air balloon

hot-air balloon hot-air balloons
A hot-air balloon is a large balloon with a basket underneath in which people can travel. The balloon is filled with hot air in order to make it float in the air.
N-COUNT

hotbed

[D.J.:ˈhɔtˌbed]

[K.K.:ˈhɑtˌbɛd]

n.

(坏事、暴力等的)温床

hotbed

hotbed hotbeds
If you say that somewhere is a hotbed of an undesirable activity, you are emphasizing that a lot of the activity is going on there or being started there.

- ...a state now known worldwide as a hotbed of racial intolerance.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n emphasis

hot-blooded

[D.J.:ˈhɔtˈblʌdɪd]

[K.K.:ˈhɑtˈblʌdɪd]

adj.

热血的,血气方刚的,激动的

hot-blooded

hot-blooded
If you describe someone as hot-blooded , you mean that they are very quick to express their emotions, especially anger and love.

- His neighbors remembered him as a hot-blooded teenager, a self-styled ladies' man.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ cold-blooded

hot-blooded

adjective

passionate

ardent

excitable

fiery

impulsive

spirited

temperamental

wild

hotch-potch

hotch-potch
A hotch-potch is an untidy mixture of different types of things. (BRIT; in AM use hodgepodge )

- The palace is a complete hotch-potch of architectural styles.

N-SING: usu with supp, oft N of n also hotchpotch
= jumble

hot dog *

hot dog hot dogs
A hot dog is a long bread roll with a hot sausage inside it.
N-COUNT

hotel

[D.J.:həuˈtel]

[K.K.:hoˈtɛl]

n.

酒店, 饭店, 宾馆, 大旅馆

hotel ****

hotel hotels
A hotel is a building where people stay, for example on holiday, paying for their rooms and meals.
N-COUNT

hotelier

[D.J.:həuˈteliə]

[K.K.:ˌotəlˈje, ˌho-]

n.

旅馆经营者

hotelier *

hotelier hoteliers
A hotelier is a person who owns or manages a hotel.
N-COUNT

hot flash

hot flash hot flashes
A hot flash is the same as a hot flush . (AM)
N-COUNT

hot flush

hot flush hot flushes
A hot flush is a sudden hot feeling in the skin which women often experience at the time of their menopause. (mainly BRIT; in AM use hot flash )
N-COUNT

hot-foot

hot-foot hot-foots hot-footing hot-footed
If you hot-foot it somewhere, you go there in a hurry. (INFORMAL)

- Richard was hot-footing it back to London, to process everything.

VB also hotfoot .
= speed

hothead

[D.J.:ˈhɔthed]

[K.K.:ˈhɑtˌhɛd]

n.

急性子的人; 鲁莽的人

hothead

hothead hotheads
If you refer to someone as a hothead , you are criticizing them for acting too quickly, without thinking of the consequences.

- He is a hothead and a bully just like his dad.

N-COUNT disapproval

hot-headed

adj.

急躁的,鲁莽的

hot-headed

hot-headed
If you describe someone as hot-headed , you are criticizing them for acting too quickly, without thinking of the consequences.
ADJ-GRADED disapproval

hot-headed

adjective

rash

fiery

foolhardy

hasty

hot-tempered

impetuous

quick-tempered

reckless

volatile

hothouse

[D.J.:ˈhɔtˌhaʊs]

[K.K.:ˈhɑtˌhaʊs]

n.

温室

hothouse

1. hothouse hothouses
A hothouse is a heated building, usually made of glass, in which plants and flowers can be grown.
N-COUNT

2. hothouse hothouses
You can refer to a situation or place as a hothouse when there is intense activity, especially intellectual or emotional activity.

- The vast crowds make Rome a frantic hothouse at times.

- ...the reputation of the College as a hothouse of novel ideas.

N-COUNT: oft N n, N of n

hotline

[D.J.:ˈhɔtˌlaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈhɑtˌlaɪn]

n.

热线

hotline *

1. hotline hotlines
A hotline is a telephone line that the public can use to contact an organization about a particular subject. Hotlines allow people to obtain information from an organization or to give the organization information.

- ...a telephone hotline for gardeners seeking advice...

- Anyone with information should contact the Anti-Terrorist Squad on the confidential freephone hotline.

N-COUNT also hot line .

2. hotline hotlines
A hotline is a special, direct telephone line between the heads of government in different countries.

- They have discussed setting up a military hotline between Hanoi and Bangkok.

N-COUNT also hot line .

hotly

[D.J.:ˈhɔtli:]

[K.K.:ˈhɑtli]

adv.

大发雷霆地;猛烈地

紧迫地, 紧紧地

hotly *

1. hotly
If people discuss, argue, or say something hotly , they speak in a lively or angry way, because they feel strongly.

- `You're a fool, then,' she said hotly.

- The bank hotly denies any wrongdoing.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= vehemently

2. hotly
If you are being hotly pursued, someone is trying hard to catch you and is close behind you.

- He'd snuck out of America hotly pursued by the CIA.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= closely

hotplate

[ˈhɔtpleit]

n.

电炉

hotplate

1. hotplate hotplates
A hotplate is a flat surface, usually on top of a cooker or stove, that you heat in order to cook food on it. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. hotplate hotplates
A hotplate is a portable device that you use for cooking food or keeping it warm.
N-COUNT

hotpot

[ˈhɔtpɔt]

n.

罐焖土豆烧肉

hotpot

hotpot hotpots
A hotpot is a mixture of meat and vegetables cooked slowly in liquid in the oven. (mainly BRIT)

- ...lamb hotpot.

N-VAR also hot-pot .
= stew casserole

hot potato

hot potato hot potatoes
If you describe a problem or issue as a hot potato , you mean that it is very difficult and nobody wants to deal with it. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

hot rod

hot rod hot rods
A hot rod is a fast car used for racing, especially an old car fitted with a new engine. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

hot seat

hot seat
If you are in the hot seat , you are responsible for making important and difficult decisions. (INFORMAL)

- He is to remain in the hot seat as chief executive.

PHR: usu in/into PHR

hotshot

[D.J.:ˈhɔt-ʃɔt]

[K.K.:ˈhɑtˌʃɑt]

n.

快车

hotshot

hotshot hotshots
If you refer to someone as a hotshot , you mean they are very good at a particular job and are going to be very successful.

- ...a bunch of corporate hotshots...

- She's a hotshot broker on Wall Street.

N-COUNT: oft N n

hot spot *

1. hot spot hot spots
You can refer to an exciting place where there is a lot of activity or entertainment as a hot spot . (INFORMAL)

- ...a fancy Manhattan hot spot.

- ...a popular and lively package tour hotspot.

N-COUNT also hotspot .

2. hot spot hot spots
You can refer to an area where there is fighting or serious political trouble as a hot spot . (JOURNALISM)

- There were many hot spots in the region, where fighting had been going on.

N-COUNT also hotspot .

hot stuff

hot stuff
If you think that someone or something is hot stuff , you find them exciting or sexually attractive. (INFORMAL)

- His love letters were hot stuff, apparently.

N-UNCOUNT

hot-tempered

adj.

性急的,易怒的,暴躁的

hot-tempered

hot-tempered
If you describe someone as hot-tempered , you think they get angry very quickly and easily.

- He is so hot tempered-and excitable, like a bottle of soda water exploding.

ADJ-GRADED

hot tub

hot tub hot tubs
A hot tub is a very large, round bath which several people can sit in together.
N-COUNT

hot-water bottle

hot-water bottle hot-water bottles
A hot-water bottle is a rubber container that you fill with hot water and put in a bed to make it warm.
N-COUNT also hot water bottle .

hot wire

hot wire hot wires hot wiring hot wired
If someone, especially a thief, hot wires a car, they start its engine using a piece of wire rather than the key.

- A youth was inside the car, attempting to hot wire it.

VB

houmous

n.

鹰嘴豆泥,鹰嘴豆沙

houmous

houmous
Houmous is a smooth food made from chick peas which people usually eat with bread or vegetables.
N-UNCOUNT also humous or hummus .

hound

[D.J.:haund]

[K.K.:haʊnd]

n.

猎狗, 猎犬

vt.

不断侵扰, 烦扰

hound **

1. hound hounds
A hound is a type of dog that is often used for hunting or racing.

- Rainey's chief interest in life is hunting with hounds.

N-COUNT

2. hound hounds hounding hounded
If someone hounds you, they constantly disturb or speak to you in an annoying or upsetting way.

- Newcomers are constantly hounding them for advice.

- From the start of the season, the Arsenal striker has been hounded by the press.

VB

3. hound hounds hounding hounded
If someone is hounded out of a job or place, they are forced to leave it, often because other people are constantly criticizing them.

- There is a general view around that he has been hounded out of office by the press.

VB: usu passive

hound

verb

harass

badger

goad

harry

impel

persecute

pester

provoke

hour

[D.J.:ˈauə]

[K.K.:aʊr]

n.

小时

一小时的时间或行程

不确定的一段时间, 某一时刻

固定时间, 上班时间

hour *****

1. hour hours
An hour is a period of sixty minutes.

- They waited for about two hours.

- I only slept about half an hour that night.

- ...a twenty-four hour strike...

- London was an hour away and by the time I arrived the operation had already been performed.

N-COUNT

2. hour hours
People say that something takes or lasts hours to emphasize that it takes or lasts a very long time, or what seems like a very long time.

- Getting there would take hours.

N-PLURAL emphasis
= ages

3. hour
A clock that strikes the hour strikes when it is exactly one o'clock, two o'clock, and so on.
N-SING: the N

4. hour
You can refer to a particular time or moment as a particular hour . (LITERARY)

- ...the hour of his execution...

- The gathering storm had made the day even darker than was usual at this hour.

N-SING: with supp
= time

5. hour hours
If you refer, for example, to someone's hour of need or hour of happiness, you are referring to the time in their life when they are or were experiencing that condition or feeling. (LITERARY)

- He recalled her devotion to her husband during his hour of need.

- ...the darkest hour of my professional life.

N-COUNT: with supp

6. hour hours
You can refer to the period of time during which something happens or operates each day as the hours during which it happens or operates.

- ...the hours of darkness...

- Phone us on this number during office hours.

- ...outside prison visiting hours.

N-PLURAL: with supp

7. hour hours
If you refer to the hours involved in a job, you are talking about how long you spend each week doing it and when you do it.

- I worked quite irregular hours.

- The job was easy; the hours were good.

N-PLURAL

8. hour
If you do something after hours , you do it outside normal business hours or the time when you are usually at work.

- ...a local restaurant where steel workers unwind after hours...

- Daly kept this school open after hours so it doubled as a community center.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n
See also after-hours .

9. hour
If you say that something happens at all hours of the day or night, you disapprove of it happening at the time that it does or as often as it does.

- She didn't want her fourteen-year-old daughter coming home at all hours of the morning.

- ...a neighbour's car alarm going off at all hours of the day and night.

PHR: PHR after v disapproval

10. hour
If something happens in the early hours or in the small hours , it happens in the early morning after midnight.

- Gibbs was arrested in the early hours of yesterday morning.

PHR

11. hour
If you say that someone does something hour after hour , you are emphasizing that they do it continually for a long time.

- He and my mom were arguing every night, hour after hour.

PHR emphasis

12. hour
If something happens on the hour , it happens every hour at, for example, nine o'clock, ten o'clock, and so on, and not at any number of minutes past an hour.
PHR: PHR after v

13. hour
If you want to state the time exactly, you can give a number of minutes followed by before the hour or past the hour .
PHR: v-link num PHR

14. hour
Something that happens out of hours happens at a time that is not during the usual hours of business or work. (mainly BRIT)

- Teachers refused to run out of hours sports matches because they weren't being paid.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n

hourglass

[D.J.:ˈaʊəˌglæs]

[K.K.:ˈaʊrˌɡlæs]

n.

沙漏

hourglass

hourglass hourglasses
An hourglass is a device that was used to measure the passing of an hour. It has two round glass sections linked by a narrow channel, and contains sand which takes an hour to flow from the top section into the lower one.
N-COUNT also hour glass .

hourly

[D.J.:ˈaʊəli:]

[K.K.:ˈaʊrli]

adj. & adv.

每一小时的;每小时一次的〔地〕、按钟点计算的

hourly *

1. hourly
An hourly event happens once every hour.

- He flipped on the radio to get the hourly news broadcast.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. hourly
Also an adverb.

- The hospital issued press releases hourly.

ADV: ADV after v

3. hourly
Your hourly earnings are the money that you earn in one hour.

- They have little prospect of finding new jobs with the same hourly pay.

ADJ: ADJ n

house

[D.J.:haus]

[K.K.:haʊs]

n.

住宅, 房子

住在一所房子中的人们, 全家人

用作某种目的的建筑物; 商业机构, 商号

议院

vt.

给…提供住房

收藏

housed

封装的

housing

[D.J.:ˈhauziŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊzɪŋ]

n.

住房

房屋

外壳, 外罩

house *****

1. house houses
A house is a building in which people live, usually the people belonging to one family.

- She has moved to a small house and is living off her meagre savings.

- ...her parents' house in Warwickshire.

N-COUNT

2. house
You can refer to all the people who live together in a house as the house .

- If he set his alarm clock for midnight, it would wake the whole house.

- So I grew up with that feeling that the man is the head of the house.

N-SING: usu the N
= household

3. house houses
House is used in the names of types of places where people go to eat and drink.

- ...a steak house.

- ...an old Salzburg coffee house.

N-COUNT: n N

4. house houses
House is used in the names of types of companies, especially ones which publish books, lend money, or design clothes.

- Many of the clothes come from the world's top fashion houses.

- Eventually she was fired from her job at a publishing house.

N-COUNT: n N

5. house
House is sometimes used in the names of office buildings and large private homes or expensive houses. (mainly BRIT)

- I was to go to the very top floor of Bush House in Aldwych.

- ...Harewood House near Leeds.

N-IN-NAMES: n N

6. house houses
You can refer to the two main bodies of Britain's parliament and the United States of America's legislature as the House or a House .

- Some members of the House and Senate worked all day yesterday.

- The Republicans have majorities in both Houses.

N-COUNT

7. house
You can refer to all the people at a debate as the house . (BRIT, FORMAL)

- The club is planning a public debate on `This house believes that journalism has not gained from the introduction of new technology'.

N-SING: the/this N

8. house houses
In a British school, a house is a group of children of different ages who compete against other groups in sports and other activities. Each house usually has a name.

- He was a prefect and house captain.

N-COUNT

9. house houses
A house is a family which has been or will be important for many generations, especially the family of a king or queen.

- ...the Saudi Royal House.

- ...the House of Windsor.

N-COUNT: with supp

10. house houses
The house is the part of a theatre, cinema, or other place of entertainment where the audience sits. You can also refer to the audience at a particular performance as the house .

- They played in front of a packed house.

N-COUNT

11. house
A restaurant's house wine is the cheapest wine it sells, which is not listed by name on the wine list.

- Tweed ordered a carafe of the house wine.

- ...a bottle of house red or white.

ADJ: ADJ n

12. house houses housing housed
To house someone means to provide a house or flat for them to live in.

- Part III of the Housing Act 1985 imposes duties on local authorities to house homeless people.

- Regrettably we have to house families in these inadequate flats.

VB

13. house houses housed
A building or container that houses something is the place where it is located or from where it operates.

- The château itself is open to the public and houses a museum of motorcycles and cars.

- Many years later, the temple erected in her name was used to house the Roman mint.

VB: no cont

14. house houses housed
If you say that a building houses a number of people, you mean that is the place where they live or where they are staying.

- The building will house twelve boys and eight girls.

- Their villas housed army officers now.

VB: no cont
= accommodate

15. house
If a person or their performance or speech brings the house down , the audience claps, laughs, or shouts loudly because the performance or speech is very impressive or amusing. (INFORMAL)

- It's really an amazing dance. It just always brings the house down.

PHR: V inflects

16. house
If two people get on like a house on fire , they quickly become close friends, for example because they have many interests in common. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects
= hit it off

17. house
If you keep house , you do the cleaning and cooking for your household, and do not go out to work.

- He lives with an aunt who keeps house for him.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR for n

18. house
If you are given something in a restaurant or bar on the house , you do not have to pay for it.

- The owner knew about the engagement and brought them glasses of champagne on the house.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

19. house
If someone gets their house in order , puts their house in order , or sets their house in order , they arrange their affairs and solve their problems.

- He's got his house in order and made some tremendous decisions.

- The challenge for American leadership is this: Can we put our economic house in order?.

- Before you lecture me, Mr Abbey, I suggest you set your house in order.

PHR: V inflects

housing ****

1. housing
You refer to the buildings in which people live as housing when you are talking about their standard, price, or availability.

- ...a shortage of affordable housing...

- Poor housing and family stress can affect both physical and mental health.

N-UNCOUNT
= accommodation

2. housing
Housing is the job of providing houses for people to live in.

- ...graduate courses in housing and public administration...

- If you are a council tenant call the housing department about it.

N-UNCOUNT

3. housing housings
A housing is a case or covering which protects parts of a machine.

- Both housings are waterproof to a depth of two metres.

N-COUNT

house

noun

1.

home

abode

domicile

dwelling

habitation

homestead

pad slang

residence

2.

family

household

3.

dynasty

clan

tribe

4.

firm

business

company

organization

outfit informal

5.

assembly

Commons

legislative body

parliament

on the house

6.

free

for nothing

gratis

verb

7.

accommodate

billet

harbour

lodge

put up

quarter

take in

8.

contain

cover

keep

protect

sheathe

shelter

store

housing

noun

1.

accommodation

dwellings

homes

houses

2.

case

casing

container

cover

covering

enclosure

sheath

house arrest *

house arrest
If someone is under house arrest , they are officially ordered not to leave their home, because they are suspected of being involved in an illegal activity.

- The main opposition leaders had been arrested or placed under house arrest.

- He was released from house arrest in China two years ago.

N-UNCOUNT: usu under N

houseboat

[D.J.:ˈhɑusbəut]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌbot]

n.

形如房子的船,游艇

houseboat

houseboat houseboats
A houseboat is a small boat on a river or canal which people live in.
N-COUNT

housebound

[D.J.:ˈhausbaund]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌbaʊnd]

adj.

居家不外出的,不能离家的

housebound

housebound
Someone who is housebound is unable to go out of their house, usually because they are ill or cannot walk far.

- If you are housebound, you can arrange for a home visit from a specialist adviser.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

houseboy

[D.J.:ˈhaʊsˌbɔɪ]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌbɔɪ]

n.

<主美,过时>男仆

houseboy

houseboy houseboys
A houseboy is a man or boy who cleans and does other jobs in someone else's house. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

housebreaker

[ˈhausbreikə]

n.

侵入家宅者,拆屋者,强盗 侵入家宅者,强盗,〈英〉拆旧屋者

housebreaker

housebreaker housebreakers
A housebreaker is someone who enters another person's house by force, for example by breaking the locks or windows, in order to steal their possessions.
N-COUNT
= burglar

housebreaking

[D.J.:ˈhausbreikiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌbrekɪŋ]

n.

侵入家宅,盗取,拆屋,行窃

housebreaking

housebreaking
Housebreaking is the crime of entering another person's house by force, for example by breaking the locks or windows, in order to steal their possessions.

- ...a huge increase in housebreaking and car theft.

N-UNCOUNT
= burglary

housecoat

[D.J.:ˈhauskəut]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌkot]

n.

家常服

housecoat

housecoat housecoats
A housecoat is a long loose piece of clothing that some women wear over their underwear or nightclothes when they are at home during the day.
N-COUNT
= dressing gown

house guest

house guest house guests
A house guest is a person who is staying at someone's house for a period of time.
N-COUNT

household

[D.J.:ˈhaushəuld]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌhold]

n.

同住在一所房子里的人, 一家人, 户

adj.

家庭的, 家用的

household ***

1. household households
A household is all the people in a family or group who live together in a house.

- ...growing up in a male-only household...

- Many poor households are experiencing real hardship.

N-COUNT

2. household
The household is your home and everything that is connected with looking after it.

- My husband gave me cash to manage the household, but none of it was ever my own.

- ...household chores.

N-SING: oft N n

3. household
Someone or something that is a household name or word is very well known.

- Today, fashion designers are household names.

- My agent told me, `This'll make your name a household word.'

ADJ: ADJ n

4. household
The word Household is used in the names of groups of soldiers who have the job of protecting a king or queen and their family. (BRIT)

- ...the Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment.

ADJ: ADJ n

household

noun

family

home

house

householder

[D.J.:ˈhaushəuldə]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌholdɚ]

n.

住户,户主

householder *

householder householders
The householder is the person who owns or rents a particular house.

- Millions of householders are eligible to claim the new council tax benefit.

N-COUNT

householder

noun

occupant

homeowner

resident

tenant

househusband

[D.J.:ˈhɑusˌhʌzbənd]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌhʌzbənd]

n.

〈美〉操持家务的丈夫

househusband

househusband househusbands
A househusband is a married man who does not have a paid job, but instead looks after his home and children.
N-COUNT also house husband .

housekeeper

[D.J.:ˈhaʊsˌki:pə]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌkipɚ]

n.

(女)管家

housekeeper *

housekeeper housekeepers
A housekeeper is a person whose job is to cook, clean, and look after a house for its owner.
N-COUNT

housekeeping

[D.J.:ˈhaʊsˌki:pɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌkipɪŋ]

n.

家务活儿

购买家用物品的钱

整理东西

在旅馆/医院中

在计算机操作中

housekeeping *

1. housekeeping
Housekeeping is the work and organization involved in running a home, including the shopping and cleaning.

- I thought that cooking and housekeeping were unimportant, easy tasks.

N-UNCOUNT

2. housekeeping
Housekeeping is the part of the organization of a hotel which deals with keeping the rooms clean and properly equipped.
N-UNCOUNT

3. housekeeping
The housekeeping is the money that you use to buy food, cleaning materials, and other things that you need in your home. (BRIT)

- ...the housekeeping money Jim gave her each week.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

house lights

house lights
In a theatre or cinema, when the house lights dim or go down, the lights where the audience sits are switched off. When the house lights come up, the lights are switched on.

- The house lights dimmed, flickered and went out.

N-PLURAL: the N

housemaid

[D.J.:ˈhaʊsˌmeɪd]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌmed]

n.

(尤指旧时打扫房屋的)女佣,女仆

housemaid

housemaid housemaids
A housemaid is a female servant who does cleaning and other work in someone's house.
N-COUNT

houseman

[D.J.:ˈhaʊsˌmæn, -mən]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌmæn, -mən]

n.

<美>(家庭或旅馆等的)男勤杂工,男仆

houseman

1. houseman housemen
A houseman is a doctor who has a junior post in a hospital and usually sleeps there. (BRIT; in AM use intern )
N-COUNT

2. houseman housemen
A houseman is a man who is a servant in a house. (AM; in BRIT use manservant )
N-COUNT

housemaster

[D.J.:ˈhausmɑ:stə]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌmæstɚ]

n.

舍监

housemaster

housemaster housemasters
A housemaster is a male teacher who is in charge of one of the houses in a school. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

housemate

[D.J.:ˈhɑusmeit]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌmet]

n.

住在同一房屋的人,同居者

housemate

housemate housemates
Your housemate is someone who shares a house with you. You do not use `housemate' to refer to members of your family or your boyfriend or girlfriend.
N-COUNT: usu poss N

House of Commons **

House of Commons
The House of Commons is the part of parliament in Britain or Canada whose members are elected. The building where they meet is also called the House of Commons .

- The House of Commons has overwhelmingly rejected demands to bring back the death penalty for murder.

N-PROPER: the N

house of God

house of God houses of God
A Christian church is sometimes referred to as a house of God .
N-COUNT

House of Lords *

House of Lords
The House of Lords is the part of the parliament in Britain whose members have not been elected. The building where they meet is also called the House of Lords .

- The legislation has majority support in the House of Commons but has twice been rejected by the House of Lords.

N-PROPER: the N

House of Representatives *

House of Representatives
The House of Representatives is the less powerful of the two parts of Congress in the United States, or the equivalent part of the system of government in some other countries.

- The House of Representatives approved a new budget plan.

N-PROPER: the N

house owner

house owner house owners
A house owner is a person who owns a house.
N-COUNT also house-owner .

house party

house party house parties
A house party is a party held at a big house in the country, usually at a weekend, where the guests stay for a few days.
N-COUNT

house plant

house plant house plants
A house plant is a plant which is grown in a pot indoors.
N-COUNT also houseplant .
= pot plant

houseproud

houseproud
Someone who is houseproud spends a lot of time cleaning and decorating their house, because they want other people to admire it. (mainly BRIT)
ADJ-GRADED also house-proud .

houseroom

[D.J.:ˈhausru:m]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌrum, -ˌrʊm]

n.

家里的收容能量,放东西的地方

houseroom

houseroom
If you say that you wouldn't give something houseroom , you are emphasizing that you do not want it or do not like it at all. (mainly BRIT)
PHR: V inflects, with brd-neg also house room emphasis

Houses of Parliament *

Houses of Parliament
In Britain, the Houses of Parliament are the British parliament, which consists of two parts, the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The buildings where the British parliament does its work are also called the Houses of Parliament .

- ...issues aired in the Houses of Parliament...

- They marched past the Houses of Parliament on their way to a rally.

N-PROPER-COLL: the N

house-to-house

adj.

挨家的,挨户的,各户的

house-to-house *

1. house-to-house
A house-to-house activity involves going to all the houses in an area one after another.

- Security officers have carried out a number of house-to-house searches.

ADJ: ADJ n also house to house .
= door-to-door

2. house-to-house
Also an adverb.

- They're going house to house, rounding up the residents.

ADV: ADV after v also house to house .

housewares

[D.J.:ˈhɑusweəz]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌwɛrz]

n.

家用器皿

housewares

housewares
Some shops and manufacturers refer to objects on sale for use in your house as housewares , especially objects related to cooking and cleaning.
N-PLURAL

housewarming

[D.J.:ˈhaʊsˌwɔ:mɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌwɔrmɪŋ]

n.

乔迁庆宴

housewarming

housewarming housewarmings
A housewarming is a party that you give for friends when you have just moved to a new house.

- I'm so sorry I missed the housewarming.

- I'd been to a housewarming party the night before.

N-COUNT: oft N n

housewife

[D.J.:ˈhauswaif]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌwaɪf]

n.

家庭主妇

housewives

n.

家庭主妇

housewife *

housewife housewives
A housewife is a married woman who does not have a paid job, but instead looks after her home and children.

- Married at nineteen, she was a traditional housewife and mother of four children.

N-COUNT

housework

[D.J.:ˈhauswə:k]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊsˌwɚk]

n.

家务劳动

housework *

housework
Housework is the work such as cleaning, washing, and ironing that you do in your home.
N-UNCOUNT

housing association *

housing association housing associations
A housing association is an organization which owns houses and helps its members to rent or buy them more cheaply than on the open market. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

housing benefit *

housing benefit
In Britain, housing benefit is money that the government gives to people with no income or very low incomes to pay for part or all of their rent.
N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

housing development

housing development housing developments
A housing development is a large number of houses or flats built close together at the same time.
N-COUNT

housing estate *

housing estate housing estates
A housing estate is the same as a housing development . (BRIT)
N-COUNT

housing project *

housing project housing projects
A housing project is a group of homes for poorer families which is funded and controlled by the local government. (AM)
N-COUNT

hovel

[D.J.:ˈhʌvəl, ˈhɔv-]

[K.K.:ˈhʌvəl, ˈhɑv-]

n.

不适宜居住的小屋

hovel

1. hovel hovels
A hovel is a small hut, especially one which is dirty or needs a lot of repair.

- They lived in a squalid hovel for the next five years.

N-COUNT
= shack

2. hovel hovels
You describe a house, room, or flat as a hovel to express your disapproval or dislike of it because it is dirty, untidy, and in poor condition.

- I went for a living-in job, but the room I was given was a hovel.

N-COUNT disapproval
= dump

hovel

noun

hut

cabin

den

hole

shack

shanty

shed

hover

[D.J.:ˈhɔvə]

[K.K.:ˈhʌvɚ, ˈhɑv-]

vi.

(鸟等)盘旋

(人)徘徊, 走来走去

犹豫, 摇摆不定

hovering

悬停

hover **

1. hover hovers hovering hovered
To hover means to stay in the same position in the air without moving forwards or backwards. Many birds and insects can hover by moving their wings very quickly.

- Beautiful butterflies hovered above the wild flowers.

- A police helicopter hovered overhead.

- Mist hovered in all the valleys.

VB

2. hover hovers hovering hovered
If you hover , you stay in one place and move slightly in a nervous way, for example because you cannot decide what to do.

- Judith was hovering in the doorway.

- With no idea of what to do for my next move, my hand hovered over the board.

VB

3. hover hovers hovering hovered
If you hover , you are in an uncertain situation or state of mind.

- She hovered on the brink of death for three months as doctors battled to save her.

- Just as at the turn of the century, we hover between great hopes and great fears.

VB

4. hover hovers hovering hovered
If a something such as a price, value, or score hovers around a particular level, it stays at more or less that level and does not change much.

- In September 1989 the exchange rate hovered around 140 yen to the dollar.

- His golf handicap hovered between 10 and 12.

VB

hover

verb

1.

float

drift

flutter

fly

hang

2.

linger

hang about

3.

waver

dither chiefly Brit.

fluctuate

oscillate

vacillate

hovercraft

[D.J.:ˈhʌvəˌkræft, ˈhɔv-]

[K.K.:ˈhʌvɚˌkræft, ˈhɑv-]

n.

气垫船

hovercraft

hovercraft
A hovercraft is a vehicle that can travel across land and water. It floats above the land or water on a cushion of air.

- Travelling at speeds of up to thirty five knots, these hovercraft can easily outpace most boats.

- The expedition made the journey to its source by hovercraft.

N-COUNT: also by N hovercraft is both the singular and the plural form

how

[D.J.:hau]

[K.K.:haʊ]

adv.

怎样, 如何, 怎么样

健康状况如何, 情况怎样

到何种地步, 多么, 多少

how *****

1. how
You use how to ask about the way in which something happens or is done.

- How do I make payments into my account?.

- How do you manage to keep the place so tidy?.

- The law, your contracts, your public protect you, do they? How?.

- How are you going to plan for the future?

QUEST

2. how
Also a conjunction.

- I don't want to know how he died.

- Did you ever wonder how the top supermodels manage to look stunning?.

- I didn't know how to tell you.

CONJ-SUBORD

3. how
You use how after certain adjectives and verbs to introduce a statement or fact, often something that you remember or expect other people to know about.

- It's amazing how people collect so much stuff over the years.

- It's funny how I never seem to get a thing done on my day off.

- I remember how Grandma loved to cook, loved to fix special treats.

- It's important to become acutely aware of how your eating ties in with your stress level.

CONJ-SUBORD

4. how
You use how to ask questions about the quantity or degree of something.

- How much money are we talking about?.

- How many full-time staff have we got?.

- How long will you be staying?.

- How old is your son now?.

- How fast were you driving?.

- How difficult is it to do business with the company?.

- `How well do you know Mrs. O'Toole?' Ryan asked.

- No-one knows how many people have been killed since the war began.

- He was asked how serious the situation had become.

QUEST: QUEST much/many , QUEST adj/adv

5. how
You use how when you are asking someone whether something was successful or enjoyable.

- How was your trip down to Orlando?.

- How did your date go?.

- Tell me about your clinical trials. How did they go?.

- Tell me how everything went off tonight.

- I wonder how Sam got on with him.

QUEST

6. how
You use how to ask about someone's health or to find out someone's news.

- Hi! How are you doing?.

- How's Rosie?.

- How's the job?.

- She asked how he had been feeling.

- Susan introduced herself to him and asked him how he was.

QUEST

7. how
` How do you do ' is a polite way of greeting someone when you meet them for the first time.

- `How do you do, Mrs Bellingham,' Sam said.

CONVENTION formulae

8. how
You use how when you want to say that it does not matter which way something is done. (INFORMAL)

- Two historical questions -- you can answer them how you like.

- It's your life, so live it how you want!

CONJ-SUBORD
= however

9. how
You use how to emphasize the degree to which something is true.

- I didn't realize how heavy that shopping was going to be.

- Franklin told them all how happy he was to be in Britain again.

ADV: ADV adj/adv emphasis

10. how
You use how in exclamations to emphasize an adjective, adverb, or statement.

- How strange that something so simple as a walk on the beach could suddenly mean so much.

- How anxiously she awaited my answer.

- How she must have talked last night!

ADV: ADV adj/adv/cl emphasis

11. how
You use how in expressions such as ` How can you... ' and ` How could you... ' to indicate that you disapprove of what someone has done or that you find it hard to believe.

- How can you drink so much beer, Luke?.

- How could such a writer be taken seriously?.

- How could he be so indiscreet?

QUEST: QUEST can/could disapproval

12. how
You use how in expressions such as ` how about... ' or ` how would you like... ' when you are making an offer or a suggestion.

- How about a cup of coffee?.

- You want Jeannie to make the appointment for you? How about the end of next week?.

- How would you like to have dinner one night?

QUEST
= what about

13. how
If you ask someone ` How about you? ' you are asking them what they think or want.

- Well, I enjoyed that. How about you two?.

- `Something to drink?' --- `No, thanks,' said Michael. He glanced at Wilfred. `How about you?'

CONVENTION
= what about you

14. how
If you say ` How about that? ' you are drawing attention to something that has been said or done that you think is surprising.

- The twins made their appearance at three o'clock. How about that? Spot on time.

CONVENTION feelings

15. how
You use how about to introduce a new subject which you think is relevant to the conversation you have been having.

- Are your products and services competitive? How about marketing?

PHR: PHR n
= what about

16. how
You ask ` How come? ' or ` How so? ' when you are surprised by something and are asking why it happened or was said. (INFORMAL)

- `They don't say a single word to each other.' --- `How come?'.

- How come he hasn't been able to be as good this year?.

- `She was weird.' --- `How so?'

PHR: oft PHR cl

17. how
If you say ` How do you mean? ' to someone, you are asking them to explain or give more details of what they have just said. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- `The fuel gauge is broken.' --- `Broken? How do you mean?'

PHR
= what do you mean

18. how
If you say ` How's that? ' to someone, you are asking whether something is acceptable or satisfactory.

- Suppose we meet somewhere for a drink? I'll pay. How's that?

PHR

howdy

[D.J.:ˈhaudi]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊdi]

int.

你好

howdy

howdy
` Howdy ' is an informal way of saying `Hello'. (AM, DIALECT)
CONVENTION formulae

however

[D.J.:hauˈevə]

[K.K.:haʊˈevɚ]

adv.

不管到什么程度, 无论如何

然而, 可是, 不过

conj.

不管怎样

however *****

1. however
You use however when you are adding a comment which is surprising or which contrasts with what has just been said.

- This was not an easy decision. It is, however, a decision that we feel is dictated by our duty.

- Some of the food crops failed. However, the cotton did quite well.

- Higher sales have not helped profits, however.

ADV: ADV with cl
= nevertheless

2. however
You use however before an adjective or adverb to emphasize that the degree or extent of something cannot change a situation.

- You should always strive to achieve more, however well you have done before.

- However hard she tried, nothing seemed to work.

- There is no sunset however beautiful, no joke however funny, no movie, no meal that I can enjoy only by myself.

- However much it hurt, he could do it.

ADV: ADV adj/adv, ADV many/much emphasis
= no matter how

3. however
You use however when you want to say that it makes no difference how something is done.

- However we adopt healthcare reform, it isn't going to save major amounts of money.

- Wear your hair however you want.

CONJ-SUBORD

4. however
You use however in expressions such as or however long it takes and or however many there were to indicate that the figure you have just mentioned may not be accurate.

- The 20,000 or however many who come to watch would love to be out on the pitch.

- Wait 30 to 60 minutes or however long it takes.

ADV: ADV many/much , ADV adv

5. however
You can also use however to ask in an emphatic way how something has happened which you are very surprised about. Some speakers of English think that this form is incorrect and prefer to use `how ever'.

- However did you find this place in such weather?

QUEST emphasis
= how

however

adverb

nevertheless

after all

anyhow

but

nonetheless

notwithstanding

still

though

yet

howitzer

[D.J.:ˈhauitsə]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊɪtsɚ]

n.

榴弹炮

howitzer

howitzer howitzers
A howitzer is a large gun with a short barrel, which fires shells high up into the air so that they will drop down onto the target.
N-COUNT

howl

[D.J.:haul]

[K.K.:haʊl]

n.

嗥叫

吼叫, 高声叫喊

vi.

嗥叫, 咆哮

吼叫, 哀号

vt.

吼叫着说出

howling

[D.J.:ˈhauliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊlɪŋ]

adj.

嚎叫

howl **

1. howl howls howling howled
If an animal such as a wolf or a dog howls , it makes a long, loud, crying sound.

- Somewhere in the streets beyond a dog suddenly howled, baying at the moon.

VB

2. howl howls
Also a noun.

- The dog let out a savage howl and, wheeling round, flew at him.

N-COUNT

3. howl howls howling howled
If a person howls , they make a long, loud cry expressing pain, anger, or unhappiness.

- He howled like a wounded animal as blood spurted from the gash.

- The baby was howling for her 3am feed.

VB

4. howl howls
Also a noun.

- With a howl of rage, he grabbed the neck of a broken bottle and advanced.

N-COUNT

5. howl howls howling howled
When the wind howls , it blows hard and makes a loud noise.

- The wind howled all night, but I slept a little.

- It sank in a howling gale.

VB

6. howl howls howling howled
If you howl something, you say it in a very loud voice. (INFORMAL)

- `Get away, get away, get away' he howled.

- The crowd howled its approval.

VB

7. howl howls howling howled
If you howl with laughter, you laugh very loudly.

- Joe, Pink, and Booker howled with delight.

- The crowd howled, delirious.

VB

8. howl howls
Also a noun.

- His stories caused howls of laughter.

N-COUNT

howl

noun

1.

cry

bawl

bay

clamour

groan

roar

scream

shriek

wail

verb

2.

cry

bawl

bellow

roar

scream

shriek

wail

weep

yell

howl down **

howl down howls down; howling down; howled down
If you are howled down , people prevent you from speaking or giving your opinion, often by shouting angrily. (mainly BRIT; in AM use shout down )

- The president was howled down by hundreds of opponents.

PHR-V: usu passive
= shout down

howler

[D.J.:ˈhaʊlə]

[K.K.:ˈhaʊlɚ]

n.

<英,非正>(尤指言谈或行文中的)愚蠢的错误

howler

howler howlers
A howler is a stupid mistake. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I felt as if I had made an outrageous howler.

N-COUNT
= blunder

howler

noun

mistake

bloomer Brit. informal

blunder

boob Brit. slang

clanger informal

error

malapropism

hp

abbr.

=high performance 高性能

=high potency 高能,高效能

=horizontal parallax 地面视差,水平视差

=high pressure 高压

hp

hp
hp is an abbreviation for horsepower .

HP

abbr.

美国惠普公司

Horsepower 马力

HP

abbr.

美国惠普公司

Horsepower 马力

HP

HP
HP is an abbreviation for hire purchase . (BRIT)

- I have never bought anything on HP.

N-UNCOUNT: oft on N

HQ

abbr.

(=headquarters) 总部,司令部

HQ *

HQ HQs
HQ is an abbreviation for headquarters .

- The regimental HQ is a tiny office manned by two retired officers.

N-VAR

hr

abbr.

Croatia 克罗地亚

hr

abbr.

Croatia 克罗地亚

hr.

abbr.

hour 小时

hr.

abbr.

hour 小时

hr *

hr
hr is a written abbreviation for hour .

- Let this cook on low for another 1 hr 15 mins.

HRH

abbr.

His [Her] Royal Highness 殿下

HRH

abbr.

His [Her] Royal Highness 殿下

HRH

HRH
HRH is an abbreviation for His Royal Highness or Her Royal Highness when it is used as part of the title of a prince or princess.
N-TITLE

HRT

abbr.

High Resolution Timer 高分辨力定时器

HRT

abbr.

High Resolution Timer 高分辨力定时器

HRT *

HRT
HRT is given to women and involves taking the hormone oestrogen, usually in order to control the symptoms of the menopause. HRT is an abbreviation for `hormone replacement therapy'.
N-UNCOUNT

HTML

[D.J.:ˌeɪtʃti:emˈel]

[K.K.:ˌetʃtiɛmˈɛl]

abbr.

Hypertext Markup Language 超文本链接标示语言

HTML

[D.J.:ˌeɪtʃti:emˈel]

[K.K.:ˌetʃtiɛmˈɛl]

abbr.

Hypertext Markup Language 超文本链接标示语言

HTML

HTML
HTML is a system of codes for producing documents for the Internet. HTML is an abbreviation for `hypertext markup language'.
N-UNCOUNT

hub

[D.J.:hʌb]

[K.K.:hʌb]

n.

轮毂

中心, 中心所在

hub *

1. hub hubs
You can describe a place as a hub of an activity when it is a very important centre for that activity.

- The island's social hub is the Cafe Sport.

- As a hub of finance and communications, Paris is now almost equal to London.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n
= centre

2. hub hubs
The hub of a wheel is the part at the centre.
N-COUNT: oft N of n

hub

noun

centre

core

focal point

focus

heart

middle

nerve centre

hubbub

[D.J.:ˈhʌbˌʌb]

[K.K.:ˈhʌbˌʌb]

n.

嘈杂的说话声;骚动

hubbub

1. hubbub hubbubs
A hubbub is a noise made by a lot of people all talking or shouting at the same time. (WRITTEN)

- There was a hubbub of excited conversation from over a thousand people.

N-VAR: oft N of n

2. hubbub
You can describe a situation where there is great confusion or excitement as a hubbub .

- In all the hubbub over the election, one might be excused for missing yesterday's announcement.

N-SING: also no det

hubby

[D.J.:ˈhʌbi]

[K.K.:ˈhʌbi]

n.

丈夫

hubby

hubby hubbies
You can refer to a woman's husband as her hubby . (INFORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED)

- Women in the North complain that their hubbies find it difficult to say `I love you.'

N-COUNT: usu poss N

hubcap

[D.J.:ˈhʌbkæp]

[K.K.:ˈhʌbˌkæp]

n.

轮毂罩

hubcap

hubcap hubcaps
A hubcap is a metal or plastic disc that covers and protects the centre of a wheel on a car, truck, or other vehicle.
N-COUNT also hub cap

hubris

[D.J.:ˈhju:brɪs]

[K.K.:ˈhjubrɪs]

n.

骄傲自大,自恃

hubris

hubris
If you accuse someone of hubris , you are accusing them of arrogant pride. (FORMAL)

- ...a tale of how an honourable man pursuing honourable goals was afflicted with hubris and led his nation towards catastrophe.

N-UNCOUNT
= arrogance

huckster

[D.J.:ˈhʌkstə]

[K.K.:ˈhʌkstɚ]

n.

大声叫卖的小贩

大吹大擂的推销商

vi.

讨价还价,没完没了地争论

叫卖(货物)

huckster

huckster hucksters
If you refer to someone as a huckster , you are criticizing them for trying to sell useless or worthless things in a dishonest or aggressive way. (AM)

- A huckster offered to sell Carnegie the formula for guaranteed success for $20,000.

N-COUNT disapproval

huddle

[D.J.:ˈhʌdl]

[K.K.:ˈhʌdl]

vt. & vi.

(使)挤作一团, (使)聚成一堆

n.

杂乱的一堆人[东西]

huddle *

1. huddle huddles huddling huddled
If you huddle somewhere, you sit, stand, or lie there holding your arms and legs close to your body, usually because you are cold or frightened.

- She huddled inside the porch as she rang the bell, but it was small and offered little protection.

- Myrtle sat huddled on the side of the bed, weeping.

VB
= hunch up

2. huddle huddles huddling huddled
If people huddle together or huddle round something, they stand, sit, or lie close to each other, usually because they all feel cold or frightened.

- Tired and lost, we huddled together.

- ...strangers huddling together for warmth...

- Hundreds of people huddled around a single transistor radio listening to the announcement.

- The survivors spent the night huddled around bonfires.

VB
= cluster

3. huddle huddles huddling huddled
If people huddle in a group, they gather together to discuss something quietly or secretly.

- Off to one side, Sticht, Macomber, Jordan, and Kreps huddled to discuss something.

- The president has been huddling with his most senior aides.

- Mrs Clinton was huddled with advisers at her headquarters.

V-RECIP

4. huddle huddles
A huddle is a small group of people or things that are standing very close together or lying on top of each other, usually in a disorganized way.

- We lay there: a huddle of bodies, gasping for air.

- Les kept seeing Eric and Tam in a huddle and he knew they were talking about him.

- ...the huddle of dark houses on the other side of the reservoir.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

huddle

verb

1.

crowd

cluster

converge

flock

gather

press

throng

2.

curl up

crouch

hunch up

noun

3.

conference

confab informal

discussion

meeting

powwow

hue

[D.J.:hju:]

[K.K.:hju]

n.

色彩, 色调

hue *

1. hue hues
A hue is a colour. (LITERARY)

- The same hue will look different in different light.

- ...a selection of tops in natural hues and fibres.

N-COUNT
= shade

2. hue
If people raise a hue and cry about something, they protest angrily about it.

- Just as the show ended, he heard a huge hue and cry outside.

PHR

hue

noun Informal

colour

dye

shade

tinge

tint

tone

huff

[D.J.:hʌf]

[K.K.:hʌf]

vi.

深呼吸, 吹气

huff and puff

气喘吁吁；上气不接下气

空发脾气；生气；气呼呼

n.

怒气冲冲;发怒

in a huff

生气地

huff *

1. huff huffs huffing huffed
If you huff , you indicate that you are annoyed or offended about something, usually by the way that you say something.

- `This', huffed Mr Buthelezi, `was discrimination.'

VB
= puff

2. huff
If someone is in a huff , they are behaving in a bad-tempered way because they are annoyed and offended. (INFORMAL)

- After the row in a pub he drove off in a huff.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

3. huff
If someone huffs and puffs , they express their annoyance or dissatisfaction with a decision or situation loudly but do not do anything to change it.

- The British government huffed and puffed at the commission's decision.

PHR: Vs inflect

huffy

[D.J.:ˈhʌfi:]

[K.K.:ˈhʌfi]

adj.

<非正>怒冲冲的;气鼓鼓的

huffily

adv.

huffy

1. huffy
Someone who is huffy is obviously annoyed or offended about something. (INFORMAL)

- I, in my turn, became embarrassed and huffy and told her to take the money back.

ADJ-GRADED

2. huffily

- `I appreciate your concern for my feelings,' Bess said huffily, `but I'm a big girl now'.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

hug

[D.J.:hʌɡ]

[K.K.:hʌɡ]

vt. & vi.

热烈地拥抱, 抱住, 紧抱

vt.

紧靠…走

抱有; 持有

n.

紧抱, 热烈拥抱

hug **

1. hug hugs hugging hugged
When you hug someone, you put your arms around them and hold them tightly, for example because you like them or are pleased to see them. You can also say that two people hug each other or that they hug .

- She had hugged him exuberantly and invited him to dinner the next day.

- They hugged each other like a couple of lost children.

- We hugged and kissed.

V-RECIP
= embrace

2. hug hugs
Also a noun.

- Syvil leapt out of the back seat, and gave him a hug.

N-COUNT

3. hug hugs hugging hugged
If you hug something, you hold it close to your body with your arms tightly round it.

- Shaerl trudged toward them, hugging a large box.

- She hugged her legs tight to her chest.

- She stood hugging her quilted jacket round her.

VB

4. hug hugs hugging hugged
Something that hugs the ground or a stretch of land or water stays very close to it. (WRITTEN)

- The road hugs the coast for hundreds of miles.

- Our pilot reduced height until we hugged the ground.

VB

hug

verb

1.

clasp

cuddle

embrace

enfold

hold close

squeeze

take in one's arms

noun

2.

embrace

bear hug

clasp

clinch slang

squeeze

huge

[D.J.:hju:dʒ]

[K.K.:hjudʒ]

adj.

巨大的, 庞大的

hugely

[D.J.:ˈhju:dʒlɪ]

adv.

非常

huge ****

1. huge huger hugest
Something or someone that is huge is extremely large in size.

- ...a tiny little woman with huge black glasses...

- Several painters were working on a huge piece of canvas which would serve as the scenery.

- Our driver strolled up, huge and swarthy.

ADJ-GRADED
= gigantic ≠ minute

2. huge huger hugest
Something that is huge is extremely large in amount or degree.

- I have a huge number of ties because I never throw them away.

- He is furious they are making huge profits out of the misery of young addicts.

ADJ-GRADED
= enormous

3. hugely

- In summer this hotel is a hugely popular venue for wedding receptions.

- ...a hugely successful businessman...

- She seemed to be enjoying herself hugely.

- I think she was hugely embarrassed by the whole scene.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v
= enormously

4. huge huger hugest
Something that is huge exists or happens on a very large scale, and involves a lot of different people or things.

- Another team is looking at the huge problem of debts between companies.

- The result was human suffering on a huge scale.

ADJ-GRADED
= vast ≠ minute

huge

adjective

large

colossal

enormous

gigantic

immense

mammoth

massive

monumental

tremendous

vast

-hugging

-hugging
-hugging combines with nouns to form adjectives which describe an item of clothing that fits very tightly and clearly reveals the shape of your body.

- ...a figure-hugging dress.

- ...hip-hugging flares.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n

huh

[D.J.:hʌ]

[K.K.:hʌ]

int.

嘿(表示疑问、惊讶或异议)

huh **

huh
Huh is used in writing to represent a noise that people make at the end of a question if they want someone to agree with them or if they want someone to repeat what they have just said. Huh is also used to show that someone is surprised or not impressed.

- Can we just get on with it, huh?.

- Clever, huh?.

- Huh? What's going on? You want to tell me what I did?.

- Huh. What are you so excited about?

hulk

[D.J.:hʌlk]

[K.K.:hʌlk]

n.

身躯巨大笨重的人

旧船或废船的船体

vi.

庞然大物般出现

hulk *

1. hulk hulks
The hulk of something is the large, ruined remains of it.

- ...the ruined hulk of the old church tower...

- I could make out the gutted hulk of the tanker.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= wreck

2. hulk hulks
You use hulk to describe anything which is large and seems threatening to you.

- I followed his big hulk into the vestry.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

hulk

noun

1.

wreck

frame

hull

shell

shipwreck

2.

oaf

lout

lubber

lump informal

hulking

[D.J.:ˈhʌlkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhʌlkɪŋ]

adj.

庞大笨重的;笨拙的

hulking

hulking
You use hulking to describe a person or object that is extremely large, heavy, or slow-moving, especially when they seem threatening in some way.

- When I woke up there was a hulking figure staring down at me.

- He came upon the hulking redbrick hospital.

ADJ: ADJ n

hull

[D.J.:hʌl]

[K.K.:hʌl]

n.

船体, 船身

vt.

去(谷物、豆等的)壳

hulled

[hʌld]

adj.

有壳的,有船身的

hulling

[ˈhʌliŋ]

n.

造船身的材料

hull **

1. hull hulls
The hull of a boat or tank is the main body of it.

- The hull had suffered extensive damage to the starboard side.

N-COUNT

2. -hulled

- ...a steel-hulled narrowboat.

COMB in ADJ

3. hull hulls
The hull of a soft fruit such as a strawberry is the stalk and ring of leaves at the base.
N-COUNT

4. hull hulls hulling hulled
If you hull soft fruit such as strawberries, you remove the hulls.

- Wash and hull the strawberries.

VB

hull

noun

frame

body

casing

covering

framework

hullabaloo

[D.J.:ˈhʌləbəˌlu:]

[K.K.:ˈhʌləbəˌlu]

n.

喧嚣

hullabaloo

hullabaloo
A hullabaloo is a lot of noise or fuss made by people who are angry or excited about something. (INFORMAL)

- I was scared by the hullabaloo over my arrival.

N-SING
= rumpus

hum

[D.J.:hʌm]

[K.K.:hʌm]

vt. & vi.

发出嗡嗡声; 哼唱

vi.

忙碌, 活跃

n.

嗡嗡声

humming

[ˈhʌmiŋ]

嗡嗡叫

hum **

1. hum hums humming hummed
If something hums , it makes a low continuous noise.

- The birds sang, the bees hummed.

- Within five hours, the equipment will be humming away again.

- There was a low humming sound in the sky.

VB

2. hum
Also a noun.

- ...the hum of traffic...

- There was a general hum of conversation around them.

N-SING: oft the N of n

3. hum hums humming hummed
When you hum a tune, you sing it with your lips closed.

- She was humming a merry little tune.

- He hummed to himself as he opened the trunk.

VB

4. humming

- The guard stopped his humming and turned his head sharply.

N-UNCOUNT

5. hum hums humming hummed
If you say that a place hums , you mean that it is full of activity.

- The place is really beginning to hum.

- On Saturday morning, the town hums with activity and life.

VB

6. hum
Hum is sometimes used to represent the sound people make when they are not sure what to say.

- Hum, I am sorry but I thought you were French.

CONVENTION

hum

verb

1.

murmur

buzz

drone

purr

throb

thrum

vibrate

whir

2.

be busy

bustle

buzz

pulsate

pulse

stir

human

[D.J.:ˈhju:mən]

[K.K.:ˈhjumən]

n.

人, 人类

adj.

人的, 人类的

有人性的, 通人情的

human *****

1. human
Human means relating to or concerning people.

- ...the human body.

- ...human history.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. human humans
You can refer to people as humans , especially when you are comparing them with animals or machines.

- Its rate of growth was fast -- much more like that of an ape than that of a human.

N-COUNT

3. human
Human feelings, weaknesses, or errors are ones that are typical of humans rather than machines.

- ...an ever growing risk of human error...

- We're not perfect. We're only human.

ADJ-GRADED

human

adjective

1.

mortal

manlike

noun

2.

human being

creature

individual

man or woman

mortal

person

soul

human being **

human being human beings
A human being is a man, woman, or child.
N-COUNT

humane

[D.J.:hju:ˈmeɪn]

[K.K.:hjuˈmen]

adj.

仁爱的,慈善的

humanely

adv.

仁慈地;人道地

humanely

adv.

富人情地,慈悲地

humane *

1. humane
Humane people act in a kind, sympathetic way towards other people and animals, and try to do them as little harm as possible.

- In the mid-nineteenth century, Dorothea Dix began to campaign for humane treatment of the mentally ill.

ADJ-GRADED

2. humanely

- Our horse had to be humanely destroyed after breaking his right foreleg.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. humane
Humane values and societies encourage people to act in a kind and sympathetic way towards others, even towards people they do not agree with or like.

- ...the humane values of socialism...

- Their aim is for a more just and humane society.

ADJ

humane

adjective

kind

benign

compassionate

forgiving

good-natured

merciful

sympathetic

tender

understanding

human interest

human interest
If something such as a news story has human interest , people are likely to find it interesting because it gives interesting details about the person or people involved.

- ...a human interest story.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

humanism

[D.J.:ˈhju:məˌnɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈhjuməˌnɪzəm]

n.

人本主义, 人文主义

humanist

[D.J.:ˈhju:mənist]

[K.K.:ˈhjumənɪst]

n.

人道主义者,人文主义者

humanism *

1. humanism
Humanism is the belief that people can achieve happiness and live well without religion.
N-UNCOUNT

2. humanist humanists

- He is a practical humanist, who believes in the dignity of mankind.

N-COUNT

humanistic

[ˌhju:məˈnistik]

adj.

人文主义的

humanistic

humanistic
A humanistic idea, condition, or practice relates to humanism.

- Religious values can often differ greatly from humanistic morals.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

humanitarian

[D.J.:hju:ˌmænɪˈteəri:ən]

[K.K.:hjuˌmænɪˈtɛriən]

n. & adj.

人道主义者,博爱主义者,慈善家;人道主义的,博爱的,慈善的

humanitarianism

n.

博爱主义

人道主义

<宗>基督凡人论

humanitarianism

[D.J.:hju:mæniˈteəriəniz(ə)m]

[K.K.:hjuˌmænɪˈtɛriəˌnɪzəm]

n.

人道主义,博爱主义

humanitarian **

1. humanitarian
If a person or society has humanitarian ideas or behaviour, they try to avoid making people suffer or they help people who are suffering.

- Air bombardment raised criticism on the humanitarian grounds that innocent civilians might suffer.

- ...humanitarian aid.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. humanitarian humanitarians
A humanitarian is someone with humanitarian ideas.

- I like to think of myself as a humanitarian.

N-COUNT

humanitarian

adjective

1.

compassionate

altruistic

benevolent

charitable

humane

philanthropic

public-spirited

noun

2.

philanthropist

altruist

benefactor

Good Samaritan

humanitarianism

humanitarianism
Humanitarianism is humanitarian ideas or actions.
N-UNCOUNT

humanities

人文学科

humanity

[D.J.:hju:ˈmæniti]

[K.K.:hjuˈmænɪti]

n.

(总称)人, 人类

人道, 仁慈

人性

人文学科

humanity **

1. humanity
All the people in the world can be referred to as humanity .

- They face charges of committing crimes against humanity.

- ...a young lawyer full of illusions and love of humanity.

N-UNCOUNT

2. humanity
A person's humanity is their state of being a human being, rather than an animal or an object. (FORMAL)

- He was under discussion and it made him feel deprived of his humanity.

N-UNCOUNT: with poss

3. humanity
Humanity is the quality of being kind, thoughtful, and sympathetic towards others.

- Her speech showed great maturity and humanity.

N-UNCOUNT

4. humanity humanities
The humanities are the subjects such as history, philosophy, and literature which are concerned with human ideas and behaviour.

- The number of students majoring in the humanities has declined by about half.

N-PLURAL: oft the N
= arts

humanity

noun

1.

human race

Homo sapiens

humankind

man

mankind

people

2.

human nature

mortality

3.

sympathy

charity

compassion

fellow feeling

kind-heartedness

kindness

mercy

philanthropy

humanize

[D.J.:ˈhju:mənaiz]

[K.K.:ˈhjuməˌnaɪz]

v.

赋予人性,使通人情,教化;变为有人性,变为有情,有教化

humanized

人化的

humanize

humanize humanizes humanizing humanized
If you humanize a situation or condition, you improve it by changing it in a way which makes it more suitable and pleasant for people.

- Jo Robinson began by humanizing the waiting time at the health centre with tea-making and toys for children.

VB (BRIT) also humanise

humanize

verb

civilize

educate

enlighten

improve

soften

tame

humankind

[D.J.:ˈhju:mənkaind]

[K.K.:ˈhjumənˌkaɪnd]

n.

人类

humankind

humankind
Humankind is the same as mankind .
N-UNCOUNT

humanly

[D.J.:ˈhju:mənli:]

[K.K.:ˈhjumənli]

adv.

在人力所及的范围;依靠人力

humanly

1. humanly
Humanly means relating to human beings.

- A mother is not allowed to be humanly flawed; she has to be perfect.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed, ADV after v

2. humanly
If something is humanly possible , it is possible for people to do it.

- She has gained a reputation for creating books as perfect as is humanly possible.

- They had done everything humanly possible for their son.

PHR: v-link PHR, pron-indef PHR, as PHR

human nature *

human nature
Human nature is the natural qualities and ways of behaviour that most people have.

- It seems to be human nature to worry.

N-UNCOUNT

human race *

human race
The human race is the same as mankind .

- Can the human race carry on expanding and growing the same way that it is now?

N-SING: the N

human resources *

human resources
In a company or other organization, the department of human resources is the department with responsibility for the recruiting, training, and welfare of the staff.
N-UNCOUNT
= personnel

human rights ***

human rights
Human rights are basic rights which many societies believe that all people should have.

- In the treaty both sides pledge to respect human rights.

N-PLURAL

human shield

human shield
If a group of people are used as a human shield in a battle or war, they are put in a particular place so that the enemy will be unwilling to attack that place and harm them.
N-SING

humble

[D.J.:ˈhʌmbl]

[K.K.:ˈhʌmbəl]

adj.

谦逊的, 谦虚的

低下的, 卑微的

简陋的, 低劣的

vt.

使谦恭, 使卑下

humbler

自感低卑的

humbling

adj.

令人羞辱的

humbly

[D.J.:ˈh ʌmblɪ]

[K.K.:ˈh ʌmblɪ]

adv.

谦逊地,恭顺地

卑微地;卑贱地

humble **

1. humble humbler humblest
A humble person is not proud and does not believe that they are better than other people.

- He gave a great performance, but he was very humble.

- Andy was a humble, courteous and gentle man.

- ...a humble apology.

ADJ-GRADED
= unassuming ≠ proud

2. humbly

- `I'm a lucky man, undeservedly lucky,' he said humbly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. humble humbler humblest
People with low social status are sometimes described as humble .

- Spyros Latsis started his career as a humble fisherman in the Aegean.

- He came from a fairly humble, poor background.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= lowly

4. humble humbler humblest
A humble place or thing is ordinary and not special in any way.

- There are restaurants, both humble and expensive, that specialize in them.

- Varndell made his own reflector for these shots from a strip of humble kitchen foil.

ADJ-GRADED

5. humble humbler humblest
People use the word humble in a phrase such as in my humble opinion as a polite way of emphasizing what they think, even though they do not feel humble about it.

- It is, in my humble opinion, perhaps the best steak restaurant in Great Britain.

ADJ-GRADED politeness
= modest

6. humbly

- So may I humbly suggest we all do something next time.

ADV-GRADED: ADV before v

7. humble
If you eat humble pie , you speak or behave in a way which tells people that you admit you were wrong about something.

- Anson was forced to eat humble pie and publicly apologise to her.

PHR: V inflects

8. humble humbles humbling humbled
If you humble someone who is more important or powerful than you, you defeat them easily.

- Honda won fame in the 1980s as the little car company that humbled the industry giants.

- Third-placed Barnet were humbled 3-0 at Crewe.

VB

9. humble humbles humbling humbled
If something or someone humbles you, they make you realize that you are not as important or good as you thought you were.

- Ted's words humbled me.

- I am sure millions of viewers were humbled by this story.

VB

10. humbled

- I came away very humbled and recognizing that I, for one, am not well-informed.

ADJ-GRADED

11. humbling

- Giving up an addiction is a humbling experience.

ADJ-GRADED

humble

adjective

1.

modest

meek

self-effacing

unassuming

unostentatious

unpretentious

2.

lowly

mean

modest

obscure

ordinary

plebeian

poor

simple

undistinguished

verb

3.

humiliate

chasten

crush

disgrace

put (someone) in their place

subdue

take down a peg informal

humbug

[D.J.:ˈhʌmˌbʌg]

[K.K.:ˈhʌmˌbʌɡ]

n.

欺骗,虚伪

骗子

薄荷硬糖

vi.

行骗

vt.

欺骗

humbug

1. humbug
If you describe someone's language or behaviour as humbug , you mean that it is dishonest or insincere.

- There was all the usual humbug and obligatory compliments from ministers.

- Britain's laws on homosexuality are hypocritical humbug.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

2. humbug humbugs
You can refer to a person as a humbug when you think they are being dishonest, insincere, or pretending to be someone who they are not. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- What a revolting humbug the man was!

N-COUNT disapproval

3. humbug humbugs
A humbug is a hard, striped sweet that tastes of peppermint.
N-COUNT

humbug

noun

1.

fraud

charlatan

con man informal

faker

impostor

phoney or phony informal

swindler

trickster

2.

nonsense

baloney informal

cant

claptrap informal

hypocrisy

quackery

rubbish

humdinger

[D.J.:ˈhʌmˈdɪŋə]

[K.K.:ˈhʌmˈdɪŋɚ]

n.

<俚>非同寻常的人〔事物〕

humdinger

humdinger humdingers
If you describe someone or something as a humdinger , you mean that they are very impressive, exciting, or enjoyable. (INFORMAL)

- It should be a humdinger of a match.

- His latest novel is a humdinger.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft a N of n approval

humdrum

[D.J.:ˈhʌmˌdrʌm]

[K.K.:ˈhʌmˌdrʌm]

adj.

乏味的,平凡的

humdrum

humdrum
If you describe someone or something as humdrum , you mean that they are ordinary, dull, or boring.

- ...her lawyer husband, trapped in a humdrum but well-paid job...

- The new government seemed rather humdrum.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= tedious

humdrum

adjective

dull

banal

boring

dreary

monotonous

mundane

ordinary

tedious

tiresome

uneventful

humid

[D.J.:ˈhju:mɪd]

[K.K.:ˈhjumɪd]

adj.

潮湿的, 湿气重的

humid *

humid
You use humid to describe an atmosphere or climate that is very damp, and usually very hot.

- Visitors can expect hot and humid conditions.

- The day is overcast and humid.

ADJ-GRADED
= sticky heavy ≠ dry

humid

adjective

damp

clammy

dank

moist

muggy

steamy

sticky

sultry

wet

humidifier

[D.J.:hju(:)ˈmidifaiə]

[K.K.:hjuˈmɪdəˌfaɪɚ]

n.

增湿器,湿润器,湿度调节器

humidifier

humidifier humidifiers
A humidifier is a machine for increasing the amount of moisture in the air.

- Use a humidifier in heated rooms to prevent dry air irritating your throat.

N-COUNT

humidity

[D.J.:hju:ˈmiditi]

[K.K.:hjuˈmɪdɪti]

n.

湿度, 潮湿, 湿气

humidity *

1. humidity
You say there is humidity when the air feels very heavy and damp.

- The heat and humidity were insufferable.

N-UNCOUNT

2. humidity
Humidity is the amount of water in the air.

- The humidity is relatively low.

N-UNCOUNT

humidity

noun

damp

clamminess

dampness

dankness

moistness

moisture

mugginess

wetness

humiliate

[D.J.:hjuˈmilieit]

[K.K.:hjuˈmɪliˌet]

vt.

使蒙羞, 羞辱, 使丢脸

humiliating

[D.J.:hju(:)ˈmɪlɪeɪtɪŋ]

adj.

丢脸的,羞辱性的

humiliate *

1. humiliate humiliates humiliating humiliated
To humiliate someone means to say or do something which makes them feel ashamed or stupid.

- She had been beaten and humiliated by her husband.

- His teacher continually humiliates him in maths lessons.

VB

2. humiliated

- I have never felt so humiliated in my life.

ADJ-GRADED

humiliating *

1. humiliating
If something is humiliating , it embarrasses you and makes you feel ashamed and stupid.

- The Conservatives have suffered a humiliating defeat.

- It was so humiliating, a terrible blow to my self-esteem.

ADJ-GRADED
= crushing

2. humiliatingly

- Thousands of men struggled humiliatingly for jobs.

- He was caught cheating during the Seoul Olympics and humiliatingly stripped of his title.

ADV: usu ADV after v, ADV adj/-ed, also ADV with cl

humiliate

verb

embarrass

bring low

chasten

crush

degrade

humble

mortify

put down

put (someone) in their place

shame

humiliating

adjective

embarrassing

crushing

degrading

humbling

ignominious

mortifying

shaming

humiliation

[D.J.:hju:ˌmɪli:ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:hjuˌmɪliˈeʃən]

n.

丢脸;羞辱;耻辱；蒙羞

humiliation **

1. humiliation
Humiliation is the embarrassment and shame you feel when someone makes you appear stupid, or when you make a mistake in public.

- She faced the humiliation of discussing her husband's affair.

N-UNCOUNT

2. humiliation humiliations
A humiliation is an occasion or a situation in which you feel embarrassed and ashamed.

- The result is a humiliation for the prime minister.

N-COUNT

humiliation

noun

embarrassment

degradation

disgrace

dishonour

humbling

ignominy

indignity

loss of face

mortification

put-down

shame

humility

[D.J.:hju:ˈmɪlɪti:]

[K.K.:hjuˈmɪlɪti]

n.

卑躬屈膝

谦逊,谦恭

humility *

humility
Someone who has humility is not proud and does not believe they are better than other people.

- ...a deep sense of humility...

- For a long time he still thought like a millionaire but he has humility now.

N-UNCOUNT
= modesty ≠ pride

humility

noun

modesty

humbleness

lowliness

meekness

submissiveness

unpretentiousness

hummingbird

[D.J.:ˈhʌmɪŋˌbɜ:d]

[K.K.:ˈhʌmɪŋˌbə..d]

n.

蜂鸟

hummingbird

hummingbird hummingbirds
A hummingbird is a small brightly coloured bird found in America, especially Central and South America. It has a long thin beak and powerful narrow wings that can move very fast.
N-COUNT

hummock

[D.J.:ˈhʌmək]

[K.K.:ˈhʌmək]

n.

小丘,岗

hummock

hummock hummocks
A hummock is a small raised area of ground, like a very small hill.
N-COUNT
= hillock

humongous

[D.J.:hju:ˈmʌŋɡəs]

[K.K.:hjuˈmɑŋɡəs, -ˈmʌŋ-]

adj.

〈俚〉极大的,其大无比的

humongous

humongous
If you describe something or someone as humongous , you are emphasizing that they are very large or important. (INFORMAL)

- We had a humongous row just because she left.

- Barbra Streisand is such a humungous star.

ADJ also humungous . emphasis

humorist

[D.J.:ˈhju:mərist]

[K.K.:ˈhjumərɪst]

n.

幽默作家,富于幽默感的人,谈吐诙谐者,滑稽演员

humorist

humorist humorists
A humorist is a writer who specializes in writing amusing things.

- ...a political humorist.

N-COUNT

humorist

noun

comedian

card informal

comic

funny man

jester

joker

wag

wit

humorous

[D.J.:ˈhju:mərəs]

[K.K.:ˈhjumərəs]

adj.

富幽默感的,滑稽的,诙谐的,想入非非的,异想天开的

humorously

[D.J.:ˈhju:mərəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈhjumərəslɪ]

adv.

滑稽地;幽默地；诙谐地

humorous *

1. humorous
If someone or something is humorous , they are amusing, especially in a clever or witty way.

- He was quite humorous, and I liked that about him.

- ...a humorous magazine.

ADJ-GRADED

2. humorously

- He looked at me humorously as he wrestled with the door.

- Occasionally he made a humorously sardonic remark.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

humorous

adjective

funny

amusing

comic

comical

droll

entertaining

jocular

playful

waggish

witty

humour

[D.J.:ˈhju:mə]

[K.K.:ˈhjumɚ]

n.

幽默, 诙谐, 幽默感

心境, 情绪, 脾气

humour ***

1. humour
You can refer to the amusing things that people say as their humour .

- Her humour and determination were a source of inspiration to others.

N-UNCOUNT: supp N (AM) humor
See also sense of humour .

2. humour
Humour is a quality in something that makes you laugh, for example in a situation, in someone's words or actions, or in a book or film.

- She felt sorry for the man but couldn't ignore the humour of the situation.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) humor

3. humour humours
If you are in a good humour , you feel cheerful and happy, and are pleasant to people. If you are in a bad humour , you feel bad-tempered and unhappy, and are unpleasant to people.

- Christina was still not clear why he had been in such ill humour.

- Next day, Louis XIV was in the best of humours.

- Did the old boy drink? Could that have been the source of his good humour?

N-VAR: supp N (AM) humor
= temper

4. humour
If you do something with good humour , you do it cheerfully and pleasantly.

- Hugo bore his illness with great courage and good humour.

N-UNCOUNT: adj N (AM) humor

5. humour humours humouring humoured
If you humour someone who is behaving strangely, you try to please them or pretend to agree with them, so that they will not become upset.

- She disliked Dido but was prepared to tolerate her for a weekend in order to humour her husband.

VB (AM) humor

humour

noun

1.

funniness

amusement

comedy

drollery

facetiousness

fun

jocularity

ludicrousness

2.

joking

comedy

farce

jesting

pleasantry

wisecracks informal

wit

witticisms

3.

mood

disposition

frame of mind

spirits

temper

verb

4.

indulge

accommodate

flatter

go along with

gratify

mollify

pander to

humourless

[ˈhju:məlis]

adj.

缺乏幽默感的 一本正经的

humourless

humourless
If you accuse someone of being humourless , you mean that they are very serious about everything and do not find things amusing.

- He was a straight-faced, humourless character.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) humorless disapproval
= solemn

hump

[D.J.:hʌmp]

[K.K.:hʌmp]

n.

动物背部的隆肉

give sb/get the hump

(使)恼怒

over the hump

度过最长(或最艰难等)的阶段

vt.

搬运(尤指背负)

humped

adj.

有肉峰的,有瘤的

humping

[ˈhʌmpiŋ]

n.

向前移动;溜放

hump *

1. hump humps
A hump is a small hill or raised area.

- The path goes over a large hump by a tree before running near a road.

N-COUNT
= mound

2. hump humps
A camel's hump is the large lump on its back.

- Camels rebuild fat stores in their hump.

N-COUNT

3. hump humps
A hump is a large lump on a person's back, usually caused by illness or old age.
N-COUNT: oft poss N

4. hump humps humping humped
If you hump something heavy, you carry it from one place to another with great difficulty. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Charlie humped his rucksack up the stairs to his flat.

VB
= lug

5. hump
To hump someone means to have sex with them. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
VERB: V n

6. hump
If someone gets the hump , they get very annoyed about something. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Fans just get the hump when they lose.

PHR: V inflects

7. hump
If you say that you are over the hump , you mean that you no longer have a problem or difficulty that was stopping you being successful or happy.

- We're basically over the hump. We've got an economy that's likely to grow next year even more than it did in 1992.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, PHR after v

humped

humped
If someone is humped , their back is bent so that their shoulders are further forward than usual and their head hangs down.

- I was humped like an old lady.

ADJ

hump

noun

1.

lump

bulge

bump

mound

projection

protrusion

protuberance

swelling

verb

2.

carry

heave

hoist

lug

shoulder

humpback

[D.J.:ˈhʌmpbæk]

[K.K.:ˈhʌmpˌbæk]

n.

驼背

humpback

humpback humpbacks
A humpback or a humpback whale is a large whale with a curved back.
N-COUNT

humpbacked bridge

humpbacked bridge humpbacked bridges
A humpbacked bridge or humpback bridge is a short and very curved bridge with a shape similar to a semi-circle. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

humus

[D.J.:ˈhju:məs]

[K.K.:ˈhjuməs]

n.

腐殖质

humus

humus
Humus is the part of soil which consists of dead plants that have begun to decay.
N-UNCOUNT

hunch

[D.J.:hʌntʃ]

[K.K.:hʌntʃ]

n.

预感, 直觉

vt.

使…隆起

hunch *

1. hunch hunches
If you have a hunch about something, you are sure that it is correct or true, even though you do not have any proof. (INFORMAL)

- I had a hunch that Susan and I would work well together.

- Then Mr. Kamenar, acting on a hunch, ran a computer check at the Federal Election Commission.

N-COUNT

2. hunch hunches hunching hunched
If you hunch forward, you raise your shoulders, put your head down, and lean forwards, often because you are cold, ill, or unhappy.

- He got out his map of Yorkshire and hunched over it to read the small print.

VB

3. hunch hunches hunching hunched
If you hunch your shoulders, you raise them and lean forwards slightly.

- Wes hunched his shoulders and leaned forward on the edge of the counter.

VB

hunched *

hunched
If you are hunched , or hunched up , you are leaning forwards with your shoulders raised and your head down, often because you are cold, ill, or unhappy.

- A solitary hunched figure emerged from Number Ten.

- He got a stiff neck and a sore back from sitting hunched up for so long.

ADJ

hunch

noun Slang

1.

feeling

idea

impression

inkling

intuition

premonition

presentiment

suspicion

verb

2.

draw in

arch

bend

curve

hunchback

[D.J.:ˈhʌntʃˌbæk]

[K.K.:ˈhʌntʃˌbæk]

n.

驼背;驼背者

hunchback

hunchback hunchbacks
A hunchback is someone who has a large lump on their back because their spine is curved. (OLD-FASHIONED, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT

hundred

[D.J.:ˈhʌndrəd]

[K.K.:ˈhʌndrɪd]

num.

一百

n.

一百

hundred *****

1. hundred
A hundred or one hundred is the number 100.

- According to one official more than a hundred people have been arrested.

NUM: usu a /num NUM The plural form is hundred after a number, or after a word or expression referring to a number, such as `several' or `a few'

2. hundred
If you refer to hundreds of things or people, you are emphasizing that there are very many of them.

- Hundreds of tree species face extinction.

- Today you can buy hundreds of flavours of ice-cream.

QUANT: QUANT of pl-n The plural form is hundred after a number, or after a word or expression referring to a number, such as `several' or `a few' emphasis

3. hundred
You can also use hundreds as a pronoun.

- Hundreds have been killed in the fighting and thousands made homeless.

PRON The plural form is hundred after a number, or after a word or expression referring to a number, such as `several' or `a few'

4. hundred
You can use a hundred per cent or one hundred per cent to emphasize that you agree completely with something or that it is completely right or wrong. (INFORMAL)

- Are you a hundred per cent sure it's your neighbour?.

- I agree with you one hundred per cent.

PHR: PHR adj, PHR after v The plural form is hundred after a number, or after a word or expression referring to a number, such as `several' or `a few' emphasis
= absolutely

hundredth

[D.J.:ˈhʌndrɪdθ]

[K.K.:ˈhʌndrɪdθ]

num.

第100个

百分之一

hundredth ****

1. hundredth
The hundredth item in a series is the one that you count as number one hundred.

- The bank celebrates its hundredth anniversary in December.

ORD

2. hundredth
A hundredth of something is one of a hundred equal parts of it.

- Mitchell beat Lewis by three-hundredths of a second.

FRACTION

hundredweight

[D.J.:ˈhʌndrədweit]

[K.K.:ˈhʌndrɪdˌwet]

n.

重量单位,英 担,半公担

hundredweight

hundredweight hundredweights
A hundredweight is a unit of weight that is equal to 112 pounds in Britain and to 100 pounds in the United States.

- ...a hundredweight of coal.

N-COUNT: oft N of n The plural form is hundredweight after a number

hung

[D.J.:h ʌŋ]

[K.K.:h ʌŋ]

(hang的过去式和过去分词)

hung

1. Hung is the past tense and past participle of most of the senses of hang .

2. hung
A hung jury is the situation that occurs when a jury is unable to reach a decision because there is not a clear majority of its members in favour of any one decision. In British English you can also talk about a hung parliament or a hung council.

- In the event of a hung Parliament he would still fight for everything in the manifesto.

- George's first trial ended in a hung jury.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

Hungarian

[D.J.:hʌŋˈgeəri:ən]

[K.K.:hʌŋˈɡɛriən]

n.

匈牙利人,匈牙利国民,匈牙利语

adj.

匈牙利的,匈牙利人的,匈牙利语的

Hungarian ***

1. Hungarian
Hungarian means belonging or relating to Hungary, or to its people, language, or culture.

- ...the Hungarian government.

- ...a Hungarian bank clerk.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Hungarian Hungarians
A Hungarian is a Hungarian citizen, or a person of Hungarian origin.
N-COUNT: usu pl

3. Hungarian
Hungarian is the language spoken by people who live in Hungary.
N-UNCOUNT

hunger

[D.J.:ˈhʌŋɡə]

[K.K.:ˈhʌŋɡɚ]

n.

饿, 饥饿

欲望

vt. & vi.

(使)饥饿

vi.

渴望

hungered

adj.

饥饿的

hunger **

1. hunger
Hunger is the feeling of weakness or discomfort that you get when you need something to eat.

- Hunger is the body's signal that levels of blood sugar are too low.

- Seized by morning hunger pangs, Robert made a beeline for the chocolate vending machine.

N-UNCOUNT

2. hunger
Hunger is a severe lack of food which causes suffering or death.

- Three hundred people in this town are dying of hunger every day.

- ...a desire to alleviate hunger and suffering in the Third World.

N-UNCOUNT
= starvation

3. hunger
If you have a hunger for something, you want or need it very much. (WRITTEN)

- Geffen has a hunger for success that seems bottomless.

- ...his hunger to equal Vardon's record of six wins.

N-SING: also no det, with supp, oft N for n
= craving

4. hunger hungers hungering hungered
If you say that someone hungers for something or hungers after it, you are emphasizing that they want it very much. (FORMAL)

- But Jules was not eager for classroom learning, he hungered for adventure.

VB emphasis
= hanker

hunger

noun

1.

famine

starvation

2.

appetite

emptiness

hungriness

ravenousness

3.

desire

ache

appetite

craving

itch

lust

thirst

yearning

verb

4.

want

ache

crave

desire

hanker

itch

long

thirst

wish

yearn

hunger strike *

1. hunger strike hunger strikes
If someone goes on hunger strike or goes on a hunger strike , they refuse to eat as a way of protesting about something.

- The protesters have been on hunger strike for 17 days.

- He has begun a hunger strike in protest over political violence in Karachi.

N-VAR

2. hunger striker hunger strikers

- The five hunger strikers in London called off their strike and celebrated the good news.

N-COUNT

hungover

[D.J.:ˈhʌŋˈəuvə]

[K.K.:ˈhʌŋˈovɚ]

adj.

因余醉未醒感到难受的,心里难受的

hungover

hungover
Someone who is hungover is unwell because they drank too much alcohol on the previous day.

- He was still hungover on the 25-minute bus drive to work the following morning.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ The spellings hung-over , and in American English hung over are also used.

hungrily

[D.J.:ˈh ʌ ŋ grɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈh ʌ ŋɡrɪlɪ]

adv.

饥饿地

渴望地;贪婪地

hungry

[D.J.:ˈhʌŋɡri]

[K.K.:ˈhʌŋɡri]

adj.

饥饿的

渴望的

hungry **

1. hungry hungrier hungriest
When you are hungry , you want some food because you have not eaten for some time and have an uncomfortable or painful feeling in your stomach.

- My friend was hungry, so we drove to a shopping mall to get some food.

- She is reduced to stealing to feed her hungry family.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ full

2. hungrily

- James ate hungrily.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. hungry
If people go hungry , they do not have enough food to eat.

- Leonidas' family had been poor, he went hungry for years.

PHR: V inflects

4. hungry hungrier hungriest
If you say that someone is hungry for something, you are emphasizing that they want it very much. (LITERARY)

- Susan was certainly hungry for a life different from the one she had made for herself.

- I left Oxford in 1961 hungry to be a critic.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ for n, v-link ADJ to-inf emphasis
= eager

5. hungry
Also a combining form.

- ...power-hungry politicians.

- ...land-hungry peasants.

COMB in ADJ

6. hungrily

- He looked at her hungrily. What eyes! What skin!

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

hungry

adjective

1.

empty

famished

peckish informal chiefly Brit.

ravenous

starved

starving

voracious

2.

eager

athirst

avid

covetous

craving

desirous

greedy

keen

yearning

hung up *

hung up
If you say that someone is hung up about a particular person or thing, you are criticizing them for thinking or worrying too much about that person or thing. (INFORMAL)

- It was a time when people weren't so hung-up about health.

- Are you really that hung up on her?

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ about/on n disapproval

hunk

[D.J.:hʌŋk]

[K.K.:hʌŋk]

n.

大片,大块

富有魅力的健美男子

hunks

[D.J.:hʌŋks]

[K.K.:hʌŋks]

n.

守财奴,性情乖僻之人

hunk *

1. hunk hunks
A hunk of something is a large piece of it.

- ...a thick hunk of bread.

- ...hunks of wood.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

2. hunk hunks
If you refer to a man as a hunk , you mean that he is big, strong, and sexually attractive. (INFORMAL)

- ...a blond, blue-eyed hunk.

N-COUNT approval

hunk

noun

lump

block

chunk

mass

nugget

piece

slab

wedge

hunker down

1. hunker down hunkers down; hunkering down; hunkered down
If you hunker down , you bend your knees so that you are in a low position, balancing on your feet. (AM)

- Betty hunkered down on the floor.

- He ended up hunkering down beside her.

PHR-V
= squat

2. hunker down hunkers down; hunkering down; hunkered down
If you say that someone hunkers down , you mean that they are trying to avoid doing things that will make them noticed or put them in danger. (AM)

- Their strategy for the moment is to hunker down and let the furor die.

PHR-V
= lie low

hunt

[D.J.:hʌnt]

[K.K.:hʌnt]

vt. & vi.

打猎, 猎取

搜寻, 寻找, 追捕

vt.

驱逐, 追逐

n.

打猎, 猎取

搜寻, 寻找

hunting

[D.J.:ˈhʌntɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhʌntɪŋ]

n.

打猎

a happy hunting ground

能找到所需物的乐土；淘物的乐园

hunt ***

1. hunt hunts hunting hunted
If you hunt for something or someone, you try to find them by searching carefully or thoroughly.

- A forensic team was hunting for clues.

- Some new arrivals lose hope even before they start hunting for a job.

- Chryssa hunted for Patra, and found her busy at a corner of the site.

VB
= search

2. hunt hunts
Also a noun.

- The couple had helped in the hunt for the toddlers.

N-COUNT
= search

3. hunt hunts hunting hunted
If you hunt a criminal or an enemy, you search for them in order to catch or harm them.

- Detectives have been hunting him for seven months.

- Her irate husband was hunting him with a gun.

VB

4. hunt hunts
Also a noun.

- Despite a nationwide hunt for the kidnap gang, not a trace of them was found.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N for n

5. hunt hunts hunting hunted
When people or animals hunt , they chase and kill wild animals for food or as a sport.

- As a child I learned to hunt and fish.

- A leopard hunts alone, and an injured leopard cannot hunt.

- He got up at four and set out on foot to hunt black grouse.

VB

6. hunt hunts
Also a noun.

- He set off for a nineteen-day moose hunt in Nova Scotia.

N-COUNT: oft n N

7. hunt hunts hunting hunted
In Britain, when people hunt , they ride horses over fields with dogs called hounds and try to catch and kill foxes, as a sport.

- She liked to hunt as often as she could.

VB

8. hunt hunts
Also a noun.

- The hunt was held on land owned by the Duke of Marlborough.

N-COUNT

9. hunt hunts
In Britain, a hunt is a group of people who meet regularly to hunt foxes.
N-COUNT

hunting **

1. hunting
Hunting is the chasing and killing of wild animals by people or other animals, for food or as a sport.

- Hunting is one of Italy's most popular sports.

- Deer hunting was banned in Scotland in 1959.

- ...a hunting accident.

N-UNCOUNT

2. hunting
Hunting is the activity of searching for a particular thing.

- Job hunting should be approached as a job in itself.

N-UNCOUNT: n N

3. hunting
Also a combining form.

- Lee has divided his time between flat-hunting and travelling.

COMB in N-UNCOUNT

hunt

verb

1.

stalk

chase

hound

pursue

track

trail

2.

search

ferret about

forage

look

scour

seek

noun

3.

search

chase

hunting

investigation

pursuit

quest

hunt down ***

hunt down hunts down; hunting down; hunted down
If you hunt down a criminal or an enemy, you find them after searching for them.

- Last December they hunted down and killed one of the gangsters.

- Mr Wilson made a speech demanding that the terrorists be hunted down.

- It took her four months to hunt him down.

PHR-V

hunt out ***

hunt out hunts out; hunting out; hunted out
If you hunt out something that is hidden or difficult to find, you search for it and eventually find it.

- I'll try and hunt out the information you need.

- American consumers are accustomed to hunting out bargains and buying on price.

PHR-V

hunter

[D.J.:ˈhʌntə]

[K.K.:ˈhʌntɚ]

n.

猎人;猎食其他野兽的动物

hunter ***

1. hunter hunters
A hunter is a person who hunts wild animals for food or as a sport.

- The hunters stalked their prey.

- ...a deer hunter.

N-COUNT

2. hunter hunters
People who are searching for things of a particular kind are often referred to as hunters .

- ...job-hunters.

- ...treasure hunters.

N-COUNT: n N
= seeker

See also bargain hunter , headhunter .

3. hunter hunters
A hunter is a type of fast strong horse that is used in Britain by people who hunt foxes.
N-COUNT

hunter-gatherer

hunter-gatherer hunter-gatherers
Hunter-gatherers were people who lived by hunting and collecting food rather than by farming. There are still groups of hunter-gatherers living in some parts of the world.
N-COUNT

hunting ground

1. hunting ground hunting grounds
If you say that a place is a good hunting ground for something, you mean that people who have a particular interest are likely to find something that they want there.

- Other people's weddings are the perfect hunting ground for ideas.

- Auctions are good hunting grounds, but set yourself a price limit.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

2. hunting ground hunting grounds
A hunting ground is an area where people or animals chase and kill wild animals for food or as a sport.

- Good hunting grounds are becoming harder to find.

N-COUNT

hunt saboteur

hunt saboteur hunt saboteurs
A hunt saboteur is someone who tries to stop a hunt from taking place or being successful because they believe it is cruel to the animal being hunted.
N-COUNT

huntsman

[D.J.:ˈhʌntsmən]

[K.K.:ˈhʌntsmən]

n.

猎人

管猎犬的人

huntsman *

huntsman huntsmen
A huntsman is a person who hunts wild animals, especially one who hunts foxes on horseback using dogs.
N-COUNT

hurdle

[D.J.:ˈhə:dl]

[K.K.:ˈhɚdl]

n.

跳栏, 栏架

障碍, 困难

vi.

进行跨栏赛; 越过障碍

hurdling

[ˈhə:dliŋ]

n.

跳栏赛跑

hurdle **

1. hurdle hurdles
A hurdle is a problem, difficulty, or part of a process that may prevent you from achieving something.

- Two-thirds of candidates fail at this first hurdle and are packed off home.

- The weather will be the biggest hurdle so I have to be ready.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= obstacle

2. hurdle hurdles
Hurdles is a race in which people have to jump over a number of obstacles, that are also called hurdles. You can use hurdles to refer to one or more races.

- Davis won the 400m. hurdles in a new Olympic time of 49.3 sec.

N-COUNT-COLL

3. hurdle hurdles hurdling hurdled
If you hurdle , you jump over something while you are running.

- He crossed the lawn and hurdled the short fence.

- She learnt to hurdle by leaping over bales of hay on her family's farm.

VB

hurdle

noun

1.

fence

barricade

barrier

2.

obstacle

barrier

difficulty

handicap

hazard

hindrance

impediment

obstruction

stumbling block

hurdler

[ˈhə:dlə]

n.

跳栏比赛选手,制造竹篱笆者

hurdler *

hurdler hurdlers
A hurdler is an athlete who takes part in hurdles races.
N-COUNT

hurl

[D.J.:hə:l]

[K.K.:hɚl]

vt.

猛投, 用力掷

大声叫骂

hurling

[D.J.:ˈhə:liŋ]

[K.K.:ˈhɚlɪŋ]

n.

爱尔兰式曲棍球

hurl **

1. hurl hurls hurling hurled
If you hurl something, you throw it violently and with a lot of force.

- Groups of angry youths hurled stones at police.

- One prisoner set fire to rags and hurled them into the courtyard.

- Simon caught the grenade and hurled it back.

- Gangs rioted last night, breaking storefront windows and hurling rocks and bottles.

VB

2. hurl hurls hurling hurled
If you hurl abuse or insults at someone, you shout insults at them aggressively.

- How would you handle being locked in the back of a cab while the driver hurled abuse at you?

VB

hurl

verb

throw

cast

fling

heave

launch

let fly

pitch

propel

sling

toss

hurly-burly

[D.J.:ˌhɜ:li:ˈbɜ:li:]

[K.K.:ˌhə..liˈbə..li]

n.

吵闹;骚动

hurly-burly

hurly-burly
If you talk about the hurly-burly of a situation, you are emphasizing how noisy or busy it is.

- No one expects him to get involved in the hurly-burly of campaigning.

N-SING: usu the N, oft N of n emphasis

hurricane

[D.J.:ˈhʌrikən]

[K.K.:ˈhɚrɪˌken, ˈhʌr-]

n.

飓风, (尤指西印度群岛的)旋风

hurricane **

hurricane hurricanes
A hurricane is an extremely violent wind or storm.
N-COUNT

hurricane

noun

storm

cyclone

gale

tempest

tornado

twister U.S. informal

typhoon

hurried

[D.J.:ˈhɜ:ri:d, ˈhʌr-]

[K.K.:ˈhə..rid, ˈhʌr-]

adj.

仓促的

hurriedly

[D.J.:ˈh ʌrɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈhə..ɪdlɪ]

adv.

仓促地,匆忙地;草率地

hurry

[D.J.:ˈhʌri]

[K.K.:ˈhɚri, ˈhʌr-]

vt. & vi.

催促; 急忙

n.

匆忙, 急忙

hurried *

1. hurried
A hurried action is done quickly, because you do not have much time to do it in.

- ...a hurried breakfast.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. hurriedly

- ...students hurriedly taking notes.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. hurried
A hurried action is done suddenly, in reaction to something that has just happened.

- Downing Street denied there had been a hurried overnight redrafting of the text.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. hurriedly

- The moment she saw it, she blushed and hurriedly left the room.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. hurried
Someone who is hurried does things more quickly than they should because they do not have much time to do them.

- Parisians on the street often looked worried, hurried and unfriendly.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= rushed

hurry **

1. hurry hurries hurrying hurried
If you hurry somewhere, you go there as quickly as you can.

- Claire hurried along the road.

- When she finished work she had to hurry home and look after her son.

- Bob hurried to join him, and they rode home together.

VB

2. hurry hurries hurrying hurried
If you hurry to do something, you start doing it as soon as you can, or try to do it quickly.

- Mrs Hardie hurried to make up for her tactlessness by asking her guest about his holiday..

- There was no longer any reason to hurry.

VB

3. hurry
If you are in a hurry to do something, you need or want to do something quickly. If you do something in a hurry , you do it quickly or suddenly.

- Kate was in a hurry to grow up, eager for knowledge and experience.

- Eric left the barge in a hurry.

N-SING: usu in a N, oft N to-inf

4. hurry hurries hurrying hurried
To hurry something means the same as to hurry up something.

- ...The President's attempt to hurry the process of independence.

VB

5. hurry hurries hurrying hurried
If you hurry someone to a place or into a situation, you try to make them go to that place or get into that situation quickly.

- Rachel hurried him to his bed.

- They say they are not going to be hurried into any decision.

- I don't want to hurry you.

VB
= rush

6. hurry
If you say to someone ` There's no hurry ' or ` I'm in no hurry ' you are telling them that there is no need for them to do something immediately.

- I'll need to talk with you, but there's no hurry.

- `I am in no particular hurry,' he insisted.

PHR

7. hurry
If you are in no hurry to do something, you are very unwilling to do it.

- I love it at St Mirren so I'm in no hurry to go anywhere.

- `It's a thrill I'm in no hurry for,' he smiles.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR to-inf, PHR for n

hurried

adjective

hasty

brief

cursory

perfunctory

quick

rushed

short

speedy

swift

hurry

verb

1.

rush

dash

fly

get a move on informal

make haste

scoot

scurry

step on it informal

noun

2.

urgency

flurry

haste

quickness

rush

speed

hurry up **

hurry up hurries up; hurrying up; hurried up
If you tell someone to hurry up , you are telling them do something more quickly than they were doing.

- Franklin told Howe to hurry up and take his bath; otherwise, they'd miss their train.

- Hurry up with that coffee, will you.

PHR-V

hurry up, hurry along **

hurry up hurries up; hurrying up; hurried up
If you hurry something up or hurry it along , you make it happen faster or sooner than it would otherwise have done.

- ...if you're not a traditionalist and you want to hurry up the process...

- Petter saw no reason to hurry the divorce along.

PHR-V
= hasten

hurt

[D.J.:hə:t]

[K.K.:hɚt]

vt.

使受伤; 伤害

vi.

疼痛

vt. & vi.

对…有害; 对…有不良影响

n.

肉体上的伤害[痛苦]

精神上的痛苦[创伤]

hurt ****

1. hurt hurts hurting hurt
If you hurt yourself or hurt a part of your body, you feel pain because you have injured yourself.

- Yasin had seriously hurt himself while trying to escape from the police.

- He had hurt his back in an accident.

VB

2. hurt hurts hurting hurt
If a part of your body hurts , you feel pain there.

- His collar bone only hurt when he lifted his arm.

VB

3. hurt
If you are hurt , you have been injured.

- His comrades asked him if he was hurt.

- They were dazed but did not seem to be badly hurt.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

4. hurt hurts hurting hurt
If you hurt someone, you cause them to feel pain.

- I didn't mean to hurt her, only to keep her still.

- You're hurting my arm.

- Ouch. That hurt.

VB

5. hurt hurts hurting hurt
If someone hurts you, they say or do something that makes you unhappy.

- He is afraid of hurting Bessy's feelings.

- She's afraid she's going to be hurt and that she'll never fall in love again.

- What hurts most is the betrayal, the waste.

VB
= upset

6. hurt
If you are hurt , you are upset because of something that someone has said or done.

- Yes, I was hurt, jealous.

- He gave me a slightly hurt look.

ADJ-GRADED
= upset

7. hurt hurts hurting hurt
If you say that you are hurting , you mean that you are experiencing emotional pain.

- I am lonely and I am hurting.

VB: only cont

8. hurt hurts hurting hurt
To hurt someone or something means to have a bad effect on them or prevent them from succeeding.

- The combination of hot weather and decreased water supplies is hurting many industries.

- They may fear hurting their husbands' careers.

VB
= damage

9. hurt hurts
A feeling of hurt is a feeling that you have when you think that you have been treated badly or judged unfairly.

- ...feelings of hurt and anger, fear and despair...

- I was full of jealousy and hurt.

- There would be a hurt in her heart for a while, but in the end she would get over it.

N-VAR
= pain

10. hurt
If you say ` It won't hurt to do something' or ` It never hurts to do something', you are recommending an action which you think is helpful or useful. (INFORMAL)

- It never hurts to ask.

- It wouldn't hurt you to be a bit more serious.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to-inf

hurt

verb

1.

harm

bruise

damage

disable

impair

injure

mar

spoil

wound

2.

ache

be sore

be tender

burn

smart

sting

throb

3.

sadden

annoy

distress

grieve

pain

upset

wound

noun

4.

distress

discomfort

pain

pang

soreness

suffering

adjective

5.

injured

bruised

cut

damaged

harmed

scarred

wounded

6.

offended

aggrieved

crushed

wounded

hurtful

[D.J.:ˈhɜ:tfəl]

[K.K.:ˈhə..tfəl]

adj.

有害的;伤感情的

hurtful

hurtful
If you say that someone's comments or actions are hurtful , you mean that they are unkind and upsetting.

- Her comments can only be very hurtful to Mrs Green's family.

ADJ-GRADED
= upsetting

hurtful

adjective

unkind

cruel

cutting

damaging

destructive

malicious

nasty

spiteful

upsetting

wounding

hurtle

[D.J.:ˈhɜ:tl]

[K.K.:ˈhə..tl..]

vi.

猛冲, 疾飞

hurtling

[ˈhə:tliŋ]

adj.

疾驰的,飞奔的

hurtle *

hurtle hurtles hurtling hurtled
If someone or something hurtles somewhere, they move there very quickly, often in a rough or violent way.

- A pretty young girl came hurtling down the stairs.

VB
= plunge

hurtle

verb

rush

charge

crash

fly

plunge

race

shoot

speed

stampede

tear

husband

[D.J.:ˈhʌzbənd]

[K.K.:ˈhʌzbənd]

n.

丈夫

husband *****

1. husband husbands
A woman's husband is the man she is married to.

- Eva married her husband Jack in 1957.

- Are they husband and wife?

N-COUNT: oft poss N

2. husband husbands husbanding husbanded
If you husband something valuable, you use it carefully and do not waste it. (LITERARY)

- Husbanding precious resources was part of rural life.

VB

husband

noun

1.

partner

better half humorous

mate

spouse

verb

2.

economize

budget

conserve

hoard

save

store

husbandry

[D.J.:ˈhʌzbəndri:]

[K.K.:ˈhʌzbəndri]

n.

农业

资源管理;妥善管理

husbandry

husbandry
Husbandry is farming, especially when it is done carefully and well.

- ...soil-conserving methods of good husbandry.

N-UNCOUNT

husbandry

noun

1.

farming

agriculture

cultivation

tillage

2.

thrift

economy

frugality

hush

[D.J.:hʌʃ]

[K.K.:hʌʃ]

vt. & vi.

(使)安静下来

n.

安静, 寂静

hushing

冲刷找矿法

hush *

1. hush
You say ` Hush! ' to someone when you are asking or telling them to be quiet.

- Hush, my love, it's all right.

CONVENTION

2. hush hushes hushing hushed
If you hush someone or they hush , they stop speaking or making a noise.

- She tried to hush her noisy father.

- I had to box Max's ears to get him to hush.

V-ERG

3. hush
You say there is a hush in a place when everything is quiet and peaceful, or suddenly becomes quiet.

- A hush fell over the crowd and I knew something terrible had happened.

N-SING: also no det
= silence

hushed *

1. hushed
A hushed place is peaceful and much quieter and calmer than usual.

- The house seemed muted, hushed as if it had been deserted.

- He liked a hushed and dignified atmosphere.

ADJ-GRADED
= quiet ≠ noisy

2. hushed
A hushed voice or hushed conversation is very quiet.

- At first we spoke in hushed voices and crept about in order not to alarm them.

- We switched off the engine and discussed the situation in hushed whispers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= quiet

hush

verb

1.

quieten

mute

muzzle

shush

silence

noun

2.

quiet

calm

peace

silence

stillness

tranquillity

hush up *

1. hush up hushes up; hushing up; hushed up
If someone hushes something up , they prevent other people from knowing about it.

- The scandal has been discussed by the politburo, although the authorities have tried to hush it up.

- The Ministry desperately tried to hush up the whole affair.

PHR-V

2. hush up hushes up; hushing up; hushed up
If people in authority hush someone up , they try to stop that person revealing information which they want to keep secret.

- The Conservative Government was only too quick to hush him up.

PHR-V

hush-hush

[D.J.:ˈhʌʃˈhʌʃ]

[K.K.:ˈhʌʃˌhʌʃ]

n.

极秘密

adj.

极秘密的

vt.

守秘,遮盖

hush-hush

hush-hush
Something that is hush-hush is secret and not to be discussed with other people. (INFORMAL)

- Apparently there's a very hush-hush project under way up north.

- They were desperate to keep the marriage hush-hush.

ADJ-GRADED
= secret

hush-hush

adjective

secret

classified

confidential

restricted

top-secret

under wraps

hush money

hush money
If a person is paid hush money , someone gives them money not to reveal information they have which could be damaging or embarrassing. (INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

husk

[D.J.:hʌsk]

[K.K.:hʌsk]

n.

外皮;荚;壳

husks

[hʌsks]

n.

茧衣;苎麻壳

husk

husk husks
A husk is the outer covering of a grain or a seed.
N-COUNT

huskily

adv.

嘎声地

husky

[D.J.:ˈhʌski:]

[K.K.:ˈhʌski]

adj.

喉咙发干的, 嗓子哑的

高大强壮的

n.

爱斯基摩长毛狗

husky *

1. husky
If someone's voice is husky , it is low and rather rough, often in an attractive way.

- His voice was husky with grief.

- Dietrich's deep, husky voice and smouldering eyes were her trademark.

ADJ-GRADED

2. huskily

- `Ready?' I asked huskily.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. husky
If you describe a man as husky , you think that he is tall, strong, and attractive. (INFORMAL)

- ...a very husky young man, built like a football player.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. husky huskies
A husky is a strong, furry dog, which is used to pull sledges across snow.
N-COUNT

husky

adjective

1.

hoarse

croaky

gruff

guttural

harsh

raucous

rough

throaty

2.

muscular

burly

hefty

powerful

rugged

stocky

strapping

thickset

hussy

[D.J.:ˈhʌsi]

[K.K.:ˈhʌzi, ˈhʌsi]

n.

贱妇,轻佻或粗野的女子

hussy

hussy hussies
If someone refers to a girl or woman as a hussy , they are criticizing her for behaving in a shocking or immoral way. (OLD-FASHIONED, HUMOROUS)
N-COUNT disapproval

hustings

[D.J.:ˈhʌstɪŋz]

[K.K.:ˈhʌstɪŋz]

n.

竞选活动

hustings

hustings
The political campaigns and speeches before an election are sometimes referred to as the hustings . (mainly BRIT)

- With only days to go before elections in Pakistan, candidates are battling it out at the hustings.

N-PLURAL: usu the N

hustle

[D.J.:ˈhʌsl]

[K.K.:ˈhʌsəl]

vt. & vi.

催促, (使)赶快, (使)迅速行动

vt.

(用强迫或欺骗的手段)劝说

n.

忙碌, 奔忙

hustle *

1. hustle hustles hustling hustled
If you hustle someone, you try to make them go somewhere or do something quickly, for example by pulling or pushing them along.

- The guards hustled Harry out of the car.

- There was no opportunity to ask anything more as the guards hustled us away.

VB

2. hustle hustles hustling hustled
If you hustle , you go somewhere or do something as quickly as you can.

- You'll have to hustle if you're to get home for supper.

- He hustled straight up the aircraft steps without looking round or waving goodbye.

- They had finished the exam and the teacher was hustling to get the papers gathered up.

VB

3. hustle hustles hustling hustled
If someone hustles , they try to earn money or gain an advantage from a situation, often by using dishonest or illegal means. (mainly AM)

- We're expected to hustle and fight for what we want.

- I hustled some tickets from a magazine and off we went.

VB

4. hustle
Hustle is busy, noisy activity.

- Shell Cottage, provides the perfect retreat from the hustle and bustle of London.

- She waited until they were beyond the hustle of the Washington Saturday night traffic.

N-UNCOUNT
= bustle

hustle

verb Informal

jostle

elbow

force

jog

push

shove

hustler

[D.J.:ˈhʌslə]

n.

<美,非正>耍诡计骗钱的人

精力充沛、能干的人

<美,俚>妓女

hustler

1. hustler hustlers
If you refer to someone as a hustler , you mean that they try to earn money or gain an advantage from situations they are in by using dishonest or illegal methods. (INFORMAL)

- ...an insurance hustler.

N-COUNT disapproval

2. hustler hustlers
A hustler is a prostitute, especially a male prostitute. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

hut

[D.J.:hʌt]

[K.K.:hʌt]

n.

小屋, 棚屋

hut **

1. hut huts
A hut is a small house with only one or two rooms, especially one which is made of wood, mud, grass, or stones.
N-COUNT

2. hut huts
A hut is a small wooden building in someone's garden, or a temporary building used by builders or repair workers.
N-COUNT
= shed

hut

noun

shed

cabin

den

hovel

lean-to

shanty

shelter

hutch

[D.J.:hʌtʃ]

[K.K.:hʌtʃ]

n.

养小动物的圈栏(尤指兔箱),笼,茅屋,小舍

vt.

把…装箱

hutch

hutch hutches
A hutch is a wooden structure that rabbits or other small pet animals are kept in.
N-COUNT

hyacinth

[D.J.:ˈhaiəsinθ]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪəsɪnθ]

n.

风信子,洋水仙,水葫芦;红锆英石,红风信子石

hyacinth

hyacinth hyacinths
A hyacinth is a plant with a lot of small, sweet-smelling flowers growing closely around a single stem. It grows from a bulb and the flowers are usually blue, pink, or white.
N-COUNT

hybrid

[D.J.:ˈhaibrid]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪbrɪd]

n.

杂交生成的生物体, 杂交植物(或动物); 杂种, 混血儿

hybrid **

1. hybrid hybrids
A hybrid is an animal or plant that has been bred from two different species of animal or plant. (TECHNICAL)

- All these brightly coloured hybrids are so lovely in the garden.

- ...a hybrid between watermint and spearmint.

N-COUNT

2. hybrid
Also an adjective.

- ...the hybrid maize seed.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. hybrid hybrids
You can use hybrid to refer to anything that is a mixture of other things, especially two other things.

- ...a hybrid of solid and liquid fuel.

N-COUNT

4. hybrid
Also an adjective.

- ...a hybrid system.

ADJ: ADJ n

hybrid

noun

crossbreed

amalgam

composite

compound

cross

half-breed

mixture

mongrel

hybridize

[D.J.:ˈhaibridaiz]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪbrɪˌdaɪz]

v.

(使)杂交

hybridize

hybridize hybridizes hybridizing hybridized
If one species of plant or animal hybridizes with another, the species reproduce together to make a hybrid. (TECHNICAL)

- All sorts of colours will result as these flowers hybridise freely.

- Wild boar readily hybridises with the domestic pig.

- Hybridising the two species will reduce the red to orange.

- Some people will take the seeds and hybridize the resulting plants with others of their own.

V-RECIP-ERG (BRIT) also hybridise

hydrate

[D.J.:ˈhaɪˌdreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˌdret]

n.

水合物

vt. & vi.

(使)水合

hydration

n.

hydrated

[D.J.:ˈhaidreitid]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˌdretɪd]

adj.

含水的,与水结合的

hydration

[haiˈdreiʃən]

n.

水合,水合作用

hydrate

1. hydrate hydrates
A hydrate is a chemical compound that contains water.

- ...aluminium hydrate.

N-MASS: usu n/adj N

2. hydrate hydrates hydrating hydrated
If a substance hydrates your skin, it makes it softer and less dry.

- After-sun products will cool and hydrate your skin.

VB
= moisten

hydraulic

[D.J.:haɪˈdrɔ:lɪk]

[K.K.:haɪˈdrɔlɪk]

adj.

液力的,液压的,水力学的

hydraulic *

1. hydraulic
Hydraulic equipment or machinery involves or is operated by a fluid that is under pressure, such as water or oil.

- The boat has no fewer than five hydraulic pumps.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. hydraulically

- ...hydraulically operated pistons for raising and lowering the blade.

ADV: ADV with v

hydraulics

[D.J.:haɪˈdrɔ:lɪks]

[K.K.:haɪˈdrɔlɪks]

n.

水力学

hydraulics

hydraulics
Hydraulics is the study and use of systems that work using hydraulic pressure.
N-UNCOUNT

hydrocarbon

[D.J.:ˌhaɪdrəˈkɑ:bən]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪdrəˈkɑrbən]

n.

<化>碳氢化合物,烃

hydrocarbon *

hydrocarbon hydrocarbons
A hydrocarbon is a chemical compound that is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon.
N-COUNT

hydrochloric acid

hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid is a colourless, strong acid containing hydrogen and chlorine.
N-UNCOUNT

hydroelectric

[D.J.:ˌhaɪdrəʊɪˈlektrɪk]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪdroɪˈlɛktrɪk]

adj.

水力发电的

hydroelectric

hydroelectric
Hydroelectric means relating to or involving electricity made from the energy of running water.
ADJ: ADJ n also hydro-electric .

hydro-electricity

hydro-electricity
Hydro-electricity is electricity made from the energy of running water.
N-UNCOUNT

hydrofoil

[D.J.:ˈhaɪdrəˌfɔɪl]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪdrəˌfɔɪl]

n.

水翼

水上飞机

hydrofoil

hydrofoil hydrofoils
A hydrofoil is a boat which can travel partly out of the water on a pair of flat parts like wings. You can also refer to the flat parts as hydrofoils .
N-COUNT

hydrogen

[D.J.:ˈhaidrədʒən]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪdrədʒən]

n.

〈化〉氢

hydrogen **

hydrogen
Hydrogen is a colourless gas that is the lightest and commonest element in the universe.
N-UNCOUNT

hydrogen bomb

hydrogen bomb hydrogen bombs
A hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb in which energy is released from hydrogen atoms.
N-COUNT

hydrogen peroxide

hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical that is often used to make hair lighter or to kill germs.
N-UNCOUNT

hydroplane

[D.J.:ˈhaidrəuplein]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪdrəˌplen]

n.

水上滑艇,水上飞机

hydroplane

hydroplane hydroplanes
A hydroplane is a speedboat which rises out of the water when it is travelling fast.
N-COUNT

hydrotherapy

[D.J.:ˈhaidrəuˈθerəpi]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪdrəˈθɛrəpi]

n.

水治疗法

hydrotherapy

hydrotherapy
Hydrotherapy is a method of treating people with some diseases or injuries by making them swim or do exercises in water.
N-UNCOUNT

hyena

[D.J.:haɪˈi:nə]

[K.K.:haɪˈinə]

n.

鬣狗

hyena

hyena hyenas
A hyena is an animal that looks rather like a dog and makes a sound which is similar to a human laugh. Hyenas live in Africa and Asia.
N-COUNT

hygiene

[D.J.:ˈhaidʒi:n]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪˌdʒin]

n.

卫生学, 保健学

hygiene *

hygiene
Hygiene is the practice of keeping yourself and your surroundings clean, especially in order to prevent illness or the spread of diseases.

- Be extra careful about personal hygiene.

N-UNCOUNT
= cleanliness

hygiene

noun

cleanliness

sanitation

hygienic

[D.J.:haiˈdʒi:nik]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪdʒiˈɛnɪk, haɪˈdʒɛn-, -ˈdʒinɪk]

adj.

卫生的

清洁的

hygienic

hygienic
Something that is hygienic is clean and unlikely to cause illness.

- ...a white, clinical-looking kitchen that was easy to keep clean and hygienic.

ADJ-GRADED

hygienic

adjective

clean

aseptic

disinfected

germ-free

healthy

pure

sanitary

sterile

hygienist

[ˈhaidʒi:nist]

n.

卫生学者

hygienist

hygienist hygienists
A hygienist or a dental hygienist is a person who is trained to clean people's teeth and to give them advice on how to look after their teeth and gums.
N-COUNT

hymen

[D.J.:ˈhaimen]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪmən]

n.

处女膜

hymen

hymen hymens
A hymen is a piece of skin that often covers part of a girl's or woman's vagina and breaks, usually when she has sex for the first time. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

hymn

[D.J.:him]

[K.K.:hɪm]

n.

赞美诗, 圣歌, 颂歌

hymn *

1. hymn hymns
A hymn is a religious song that Christians sing in church.

- I like singing hymns.

- ...a hymn book.

N-COUNT

2. hymn hymns
If you describe a film, book, or speech as a hymn to something, you mean that it praises or celebrates that thing. (mainly JOURNALISM)

- ...a hymn to freedom and rebellion...

- ...a cheery hymn to solid middle-aged middle America and loyal domesticity.

N-COUNT: N to n

hymn

noun

anthem

carol

chant

paean

psalm

hymnal

[D.J.:ˈhimnəl]

[K.K.:ˈhɪmnəl]

n.

赞美诗集

adj.

赞美诗的,使用赞美诗的

hymnal

hymnal hymnals
A hymnal is a book of hymns. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

hype

[D.J.:haɪp]

[K.K.:haɪp]

n.

天花乱坠的广告宣传

vt.

大肆宣传

hype up

夸张地宣传(某人或某事物)

(用巧计或绝技)人为地刺激,助长

hyped up

十分兴奋的；很激动的；十分担忧的

被大肆宣扬(或宣传)的

hype **

1. hype
Hype is the use of a lot of publicity and advertising to make people interested in something such as a product.

- We are certainly seeing a lot of hype by some companies.

- My products aren't based on advertising hype, they sell by word of mouth.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N disapproval

2. hype hypes hyping hyped
To hype a product means to advertise or praise it a lot.

- We had to hype the film to attract the financiers.

- These gurus are being promoted by publishers and hyped in the business press.

VB disapproval

3. hype up hypes up; hyping up; hyped up
Hype up means the same as hype .

- The media seems obsessed with hyping up individuals or groups.

- He felt the film was hyped up too much.

PHR-V

hype up **

hype up hypes up; hyping up; hyped up
To hype someone up means to deliberately make them very excited about something.

- Everyone at school used to hype each other up about men all the time.

PHR-V
See also hype 2.

hyped up

hyped up
If someone is hyped up about something, they are very excited or anxious about it. (INFORMAL)

- We were both so hyped up about buying the house, we could not wait to get in there.

ADJ-GRADED also hyped-up .

hype

noun

publicity

ballyhoo informal

brouhaha

plugging informal

promotion

razzmatazz slang

hyper

宣传人员

hyper *

hyper
If someone is hyper , they are very excited and energetic. (INFORMAL)

- I was incredibly hyper. I couldn't sleep.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= hyperactive

hyper-

[D.J.:ˈhaipə]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪpɚ]

pref.

表示“超级,超过,超越,在…之上,高于,过度”之义

hyper-

hyper-
Hyper- is used to form adjectives that describe someone as having a lot or too much of a particular quality.

- I hated my father. He was hyper-critical and mean.

- He is one of those lean, hyper-fit people.

PREFIX

hyperactive

[D.J.:ˌhaipə(:)ˈræktiv]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪpɚˈæktɪv]

adj.

活动过度的,极度活跃的,活动亢进的

hyperactivity

n.

活动过度,极度活跃

hyperactive *

1. hyperactive
Someone who is hyperactive is unable to relax and is always moving about or doing things.

- His research was used in planning treatments for hyperactive children.

ADJ

2. hyperactivity

- ...an extreme case of hyperactivity.

N-UNCOUNT

hyperbole

[D.J.:haɪˈpɜ:bəli:]

[K.K.:haɪˈpə..bəli]

n.

<语>夸张法

hyperbole

hyperbole
If someone uses hyperbole , they say or write things that make something sound much more impressive than it really is. (TECHNICAL or FORMAL)

- ...the hyperbole that portrays him as one of the greatest visionaries in the world.

N-UNCOUNT
= exaggeration

hyperbolic

[D.J.:ˌhaɪpəˈbɔlɪk]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪpɚˈbɑlɪk]

adj.

<几>双曲线的;<数>双曲线函数的

夸张的

hyperbolic

hyperbolic
If you describe language as hyperbolic , you mean that it makes something sound much more impressive than it really is. (TECHNICAL or FORMAL)
ADJ: usu ADJ n
= exaggerated

hyperinflation

[D.J.:ˌhaɪpərɪnˈfleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪpərɪnˈfleʃən]

n.

极度通货膨胀

hyperinflation

hyperinflation
Hyperinflation is very severe inflation.
N-UNCOUNT also hyper-inflation .

hyperlink

n.

超链接

hyperlink

hyperlink hyperlinks
In an HTML document, a hyperlink is a link to another part of the document or to another document. Hyperlinks are shown as words with a line under them.
N-COUNT

hypermarket

[D.J.:ˈhaɪpəˌmɑ:kɪt]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪpɚˌmɑrkɪt]

n.

超大型自助商场

hypermarket

hypermarket hypermarkets
A hypermarket is a very large supermarket. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

hypersensitive

[D.J.:ˌhaɪpəˈsensɪtɪv]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪpɚˈsɛnsɪtɪv]

adj.

过敏的,高度灵敏的

hypersensitivity

n.

hypersensitivity

[ˌhaipəsensiˈtiviti]

n.

超敏性

hypersensitive

1. hypersensitive
If you say that someone is hypersensitive , you mean that they get annoyed or offended very easily.

- Student teachers were hypersensitive to any criticism of their performance.

ADJ: oft ADJ to/about n
= touchy

2. hypersensitive
Someone who is hypersensitive is extremely sensitive to certain drugs or chemicals. (MEDICAL)
ADJ: oft ADJ to n

hypertension

[D.J.:ˌhaɪpəˈtenʃən]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪpɚˈtɛnʃən]

n.

高血压

hypertension *

hypertension
Hypertension is a medical condition in which a person has very high blood pressure.

- He suffered from hypertension and accompanying heart problems.

N-UNCOUNT

hypertext

[D.J.:ˈhaipəˌtekst]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪpɚˌtɛkst]

n.

超文本

hypertext

hypertext
In computing, hypertext is a way of connecting pieces of text so that you can go quickly and directly from one to another. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

hyperventilation

[D.J.:ˌhaipə(:)ventiˈleiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪpɚˌvɛntlˈeʃən]

n.

换气过度,强力呼吸

hyperventilate

1. hyperventilate hyperventilates hyperventilating hyperventilated
If someone hyperventilates , they begin to breathe very fast in an uncontrollable way, usually because they are very frightened, tired, or excited.

- I hyperventilate when they come near me with the needle.

VB

2. hyperventilation

- Several notable researchers are studying the effects of hyperventilation.

N-UNCOUNT

hyphen

[D.J.:ˈhaifən]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪfən]

n.

连字符, 连(字)号

hyphen

hyphen hyphens
A hyphen is the punctuation sign used to join words together to make a compound, as in `left-handed'. People also use a hyphen to show that the rest of a word is on the next line.
N-COUNT

hyphenated

[D.J.:ˈhaifəneitid]

[K.K.:ˈhaɪfəˌnetɪd]

adj.

带有连字符号的

hyphenated

hyphenated
A word that is hyphenated is written with a hyphen between two or more of its parts.

- ...hyphenated names such as Wong-Shong or Li-Wong.

ADJ

hypnosis

[D.J.:hɪpˈnəʊsɪs]

[K.K.:hɪpˈnosɪs]

n.

催眠;催眠状态;催眠术

hypnosis *

1. hypnosis
Hypnosis is a state in which a person seems to be asleep but can still see, hear, or respond to things said to them.

- Bevin is now an adult and has re-lived her birth experience under hypnosis.

N-UNCOUNT

2. hypnosis
Hypnosis is the art or practice of hypnotizing people.
N-UNCOUNT
= hypnotism

hypnotherapist

hypnotherapist hypnotherapists
A hypnotherapist is a person who treats people by using hypnotherapy.
N-COUNT

hypnotherapy

[D.J.:ˌhipnəˈθerəpi]

[K.K.:ˌhɪpnoˈθɛrəpi]

n.

催眠术疗法

hypnotherapy

hypnotherapy
Hypnotherapy is the practice of hypnotizing people in order to help them with a mental or physical problem, for example to help them give up smoking.
N-UNCOUNT

hypnotic

[D.J.:hɪpˈnɔtɪk]

[K.K.:hɪpˈnɑtɪk]

adj.

催眠的

hypnotic *

1. hypnotic
If someone is in a hypnotic state, they have been hypnotized.

- The hypnotic state actually lies somewhere between being awake and being asleep.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. hypnotic
Something that is hypnotic holds your attention or makes you feel sleepy, often because it involves repeated sounds, pictures, or movements.

- His songs are often both hypnotic and reassuringly pleasant.

- Everyone is familiar with the TV screen's hypnotic power.

ADJ-GRADED

hypnotic

adjective

mesmeric

mesmerizing

sleep-inducing

soothing

soporific

spellbinding

hypnotism

[D.J.:ˈhɪpnəˌtɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈhɪpnəˌtɪzəm]

n.

催眠术研究,催眠

hypnotist

n.

hypnotist

[D.J.:ˈhɪpnətɪst]

[K.K.:ˈhɪpnətɪst]

n.

施催眠术的人

hypnotism

1. hypnotism
Hypnotism is the practice of hypnotizing people.

- Dulcy also saw a psychiatrist who used hypnotism to help her deal with her fear.

N-UNCOUNT
= hypnosis

2. hypnotist hypnotists

- He was put into a trance by a police hypnotist.

N-COUNT

hypnotize

[D.J.:ˈhɪpnəˌtaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈhɪpnəˌtaɪz]

vt.

对…施催眠术

使着迷;使精神恍惚

hypnotize

1. hypnotize hypnotizes hypnotizing hypnotized
If someone hypnotizes you, they put you into a state in which you seem to be asleep but can still see, hear, or respond to things said to you.

- A hypnotherapist will hypnotize you and will stop you from smoking.

- Surprisingly, the ability to hypnotize yourself can be learnt in a single session.

VB (BRIT) also hypnotise

2. hypnotize hypnotizes hypnotizing hypnotized
If you are hypnotized by someone or something, you are so fascinated by them that you cannot think of anything else.

- He's hypnotized by that black hair and that white face.

- Davey sat as if hypnotized by the sound of Nick's voice.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also hypnotise
= mesmerized

hypnotize

verb

mesmerize

put in a trance

put to sleep

hypochondria

[D.J.:ˌhaɪpəˈkɔndri:ə]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪpəˈkɑndriə]

n.

疑病症

hypochondria

hypochondria
If someone suffers from hypochondria , they continually worry about their health and imagine that they are ill, although there is really nothing wrong with them.
N-UNCOUNT

hypochondriac

[D.J.:ˌhaɪpəˈkɔndri:ˌæk]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪpəˈkɑndriˌæk]

n.

疑病症患者

adj.

患疑病症的

hypochondriac

hypochondriac hypochondriacs
A hypochondriac is a person who continually worries about their health, although there is nothing physically wrong with them.
N-COUNT

hypocrisy

[D.J.:hiˈpɔkrəsi]

[K.K.:hɪˈpɑkrɪsi]

n.

伪善, 虚伪

hypocrisy *

hypocrisy hypocrisies
If you accuse someone of hypocrisy , you mean that they pretend to have qualities, beliefs, or feelings that they do not really have.

- He accused newspapers of hypocrisy in their treatment of the story.

- You'll have little patience with the hypocrisy and double standards you encounter.

- ...the hypocrisies of middle-class provincial life.

N-VAR disapproval
≠ sincerity

hypocrisy

noun

insincerity

cant

deceitfulness

deception

duplicity

pretence

hypocrite

[D.J.:ˈhɪpəˌkrɪt]

[K.K.:ˈhɪpəˌkrɪt]

n.

伪君子, 伪善者

hypocrite

hypocrite hypocrites
If you accuse someone of being a hypocrite , you mean that they pretend to have qualities, beliefs, or feelings that they do not really have.

- The magazine wrongly suggested he was a liar and a hypocrite.

N-COUNT disapproval

hypocrite

noun

fraud

charlatan

deceiver

impostor

phoney or phony informal

pretender

hypocritical

[D.J.:ˌhɪpəˈkrɪtɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌhɪpəˈkrɪtɪkəl]

adj.

伪善的,虚伪的;伪善者的,伪君子的

hypocritical *

hypocritical
If you accuse someone of being hypocritical , you mean that they pretend to have qualities, beliefs, or feelings that they do not really have.

- It would be hypocritical to say I travel at 70mph simply because that is the law.

- If someone is being hypocritical then it is fair to expose that.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ sincere

hypocritical

adjective

insincere

canting

deceitful

duplicitous

false

fraudulent

phoney or phony informal

sanctimonious

two-faced

hypodermic

[D.J.:ˌhaɪpəˈdɜ:mɪk]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪpəˈdə..mɪk]

adj.

(指药物、注射器等)皮下注射用的

n.

皮下注射,皮下注射器

hypodermic

1. hypodermic
A hypodermic needle or syringe is a medical instrument with a hollow needle, which is used to give injections.
ADJ: ADJ n

2. hypodermic hypodermics
Also a noun.

- He held up a hypodermic to check the dosage.

N-COUNT

hypotenuse

[D.J.:haɪˈpɔtnˌu:s, -ˌju:s]

[K.K.:haɪˈpɑtn..ˌus, -ˌjus]

n.

(直角三角形的)斜边,弦

hypotenuse

hypotenuse hypotenuses
The hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle is the side opposite its right angle. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT: usu the N

hypothermia

[D.J.:ˌhaipəuˈθə:miə]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪpəˈθɚmiə]

n.

低体温

hypothermia

hypothermia
If someone has hypothermia , their body temperature has become dangerously low as a result of being in severe cold for a long time. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= exposure

hypotheses

臆测,假定

hypothesis

[D.J.:haiˈpɔθisis]

[K.K.:haɪˈpɑθɪsɪs]

n.

假说, 假设, 前提

hypothesis *

hypothesis hypotheses
A hypothesis is an idea which is suggested as a possible explanation for a particular situation or condition, but which has not yet been proved to be correct. (FORMAL)

- Work will now begin to test the hypothesis in rats.

- Different hypotheses have been put forward to explain why these foods are more likely to cause problems.

N-VAR
= theory

hypothesis

noun

assumption

postulate

premise

proposition

supposition

theory

thesis

hypothesize

[D.J.:haiˈpɔθisaiz]

[K.K.:haɪˈpɑθɪˌsaɪz]

v.

假设,假定,猜测

hypothesize

hypothesize hypothesizes hypothesizing hypothesized
If you hypothesize that something will happen, you say that you think that thing will happen because of various facts you have considered. (FORMAL)

- To explain this, they hypothesise that galaxies must contain a great deal of missing matter which cannot be detected.

- I have long hypothesized a connection between these factors.

VB (BRIT) also hypothesise

hypothetical

[D.J.:ˌhaɪpəˈθetɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl]

adj.

假设的,假定的;有待证实的

hypothetically

adv.

假设地,假想地

hypothetical *

1. hypothetical
If something is hypothetical , it is based on possible ideas or situations rather than actual ones.

- Let's look at a hypothetical situation in which Carol, a recovering cocaine addict, gets invited to a party.

- ...a purely hypothetical question.

ADJ
= theoretical

2. hypothetical hypotheticals
Also a noun.

- Well, at present we won't speculate on hypotheticals.

N-COUNT

3. hypothetically

- He was invariably willing to discuss the possibilities hypothetically.

- It bases its figures on what it might, hypothetically, be earning on past investment.

ADV: usu ADV with v, ADV with cl, also ADV adj
= theoretically

hypothetical

adjective

theoretical

academic

assumed

conjectural

imaginary

putative

speculative

supposed

hysterectomy

[D.J.:ˌhɪstəˈrektəmi:]

[K.K.:ˌhɪstəˈrɛktəmi]

n.

子宫切除术

hysterectomy *

hysterectomy hysterectomies
A hysterectomy is a surgical operation to remove a woman's womb.
N-COUNT

hysteria

[D.J.:hɪˈsteri:ə, -ˈstɪə-]

[K.K.:hɪˈstɛriə, -ˈstɪr-]

n.

不能控制的情绪激动;歇斯底里

hysteria *

1. hysteria
Hysteria among a group of people is a state of uncontrolled excitement, anger, or panic.

- No one could help getting carried away by the hysteria.

- Several were hurt in the panic. `It was mass hysteria,' said Rev John Borders.

N-UNCOUNT

2. hysteria
A person who is suffering from hysteria is in a state of violent and disturbed emotion as a result of shock. (MEDICAL)

- By now, she was screaming, completely overcome with hysteria.

N-UNCOUNT
= hysterics

hysteria

noun

frenzy

agitation

delirium

hysterics

madness

panic

hysteric

[D.J.:hɪˈsterɪk]

[K.K.:hɪˈstɛrɪk]

n.

歇斯底里病发作

<口>狂笑

情绪异常激动的人

hysterical

adj.

hysterically

adv.

hysterical

[D.J.:hisˈterikəl]

[K.K.:hɪˈstɛrɪkəl]

adj.

情绪异常激动的, 歇斯底里般的

hysterically

[D.J.:hɪsˈterɪklɪ]

[K.K.:hɪsˈt ɛrɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

歇斯底里地

hysterical *

1. hysterical
Someone who is hysterical is in a state of uncontrolled excitement, anger, or panic.

- Police and bodyguards had to form a human shield around him as the almost hysterical crowds struggled to approach him.

- He made headlines and received hysterical hate mail.

ADJ-GRADED

2. hysterically

- I don't think we can go round screaming hysterically: `Ban these dogs. Muzzle all dogs.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj/adv

3. hysterical
Someone who is hysterical is in a state of violent and disturbed emotion that is usually a result of shock.

- I suffered bouts of really hysterical depression accompanied by a strong desire to run away.

ADJ-GRADED

4. hysterically

- I was curled up on the floor in a corner sobbing hysterically.

ADV-GRADED

5. hysterical
Hysterical laughter is loud and uncontrolled. (INFORMAL)

- I had to rush to the loo to avoid an attack of hysterical giggles.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

6. hysterically

- She says she hasn't laughed as hysterically since she was 13.

ADV: ADV with v

7. hysterical
If you describe something or someone as hysterical , you think that they are very funny and they make you laugh a lot. (INFORMAL)

- Paul Mazursky was Master of Ceremonies, and he was pretty hysterical.

ADJ-GRADED

8. hysterically

- It wasn't supposed to be a comedy but I found it hysterically funny.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj

hysterical

adjective

1.

frenzied

crazed

distracted

distraught

frantic

overwrought

raving

2.

hilarious

comical

side-splitting

uproarious

I

[ai]

pron.

我

I, i

I, i I's, i's
I is the ninth letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

I *****

I
A speaker or writer uses I to refer to himself or herself. I is a first person singular pronoun. I is used as the subject of a verb.

- Jim and I are getting married.

- She liked me, I think.

PRON-SING: PRON v

ibid

adv.

同前,如上

ibid **

ibid
Ibid is used in books and journals to indicate that a piece of text taken from somewhere else is from the same source as the previous piece of text.
CONVENTION

-ibility

-ibility
-ibility replaces `-ible' at the end of adjectives to form nouns referring to the state or quality described by the adjective.

- ...its commitment to increase the accessibility of the arts...

- Check your eligibility for State benefits.

- But the possibilities that emerged were not used to the full.

SUFFIX

ice

[D.J.:ais]

[K.K.:aɪs]

n.

冰, 冰块

vt. & vi.

(使)结冰

iced

[D.J.:aist]

[K.K.:aɪst]

adj.

冰冷的,装冰的,冰冻的

icing

[D.J.:ˈaɪsɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈaɪsɪŋ]

n.

糖霜, 酥皮

the icing on the cake

装饰品；锦上添花

ice ****

1. ice
Ice is frozen water.

- Glaciers are moving rivers of ice.

- The ice is melting.

- ...a bitter lemon with ice.

N-UNCOUNT

2. ice ices icing iced
If you ice a cake, you cover it with icing.

- I've made the cake. I've iced and decorated it.

VB
= frost

3. ice ices
An ice is an ice cream . (mainly BRIT)

- He's eaten a lot of choc ices.

N-COUNT
= ice cream

4. ice
If you break the ice at a party or meeting, or in a new situation, you say or do something to make people feel relaxed and comfortable.

- That sort of approach should go a long way toward breaking the ice.

- The major purpose of his trip was to break the ice, and his itinerary so far has been packed full.

PHR: V inflects
See also ice-breaker .

5. ice
If you say that something cuts no ice with you, you mean that you are not impressed or influenced by it.

- That sort of romantic attitude cuts no ice with money-men.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR with n

6. ice
If someone puts a plan or project on ice , they delay doing it.

- There would be a three-month delay while the deal would be put on ice.

- The $40 million-a-month aid payments will remain on ice.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR
= shelve

7. ice
If you say that someone is on thin ice or is skating on thin ice , you mean that they are doing something risky which may have serious or unpleasant consequences.

- I had skated on thin ice on many assignments and somehow had, so far, got away with it.

PHR

iced *

1. iced
An iced drink has been made very cold, often by putting ice in it.

- ...iced tea.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. iced
An iced cake is covered with a layer of icing.

- We were all given little iced cakes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= frosted

icing *

1. icing
Icing is a sweet substance made from powdered sugar that is used to cover and decorate cakes.

- Paul made five-year-old Michelle a birthday cake with yellow icing.

N-UNCOUNT
= frosting

2. icing
If you describe something as the icing on the cake , you mean that it makes a good thing even better, but it is not essential.

- Paul's two goals were the icing on the cake for what was a very good team display.

PHR: v-link PHR

Ice Age *

Ice Age
The Ice Age was a period of time lasting many thousands of years, during which a lot of the earth's surface was covered with ice.
N-PROPER: the N

iceberg

[D.J.:ˈaɪsˌbɜ:g]

[K.K.:ˈaɪsˌbə..ɡ]

n.

冰山,流冰

iceberg *

iceberg icebergs
An iceberg is a large tall mass of ice floating in the sea.
N-COUNT
the tip of the iceberg : see tip .

ice-blue

ice-blue
Ice-blue is a very pale blue colour. (LITERARY)

- ...ash-blonde girls with ice-blue eyes.

COLOUR

icebox

[D.J.:ˈaɪsˌbɔks]

[K.K.:ˈaɪsˌbɑks]

n.

(用冰块冷冻食物的)冰柜

icebox

icebox iceboxes
An icebox is the same as a refrigerator . (AM, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT also ice-box .

ice-breaker

1. ice-breaker ice-breakers
An ice-breaker is a large ship which sails through frozen waters, breaking the ice as it goes, in order to create a passage for other ships.
N-COUNT also icebreaker .

2. ice-breaker ice-breakers
An ice-breaker is something that someone says or does in order to make it easier for people have never met before to talk to each other.

- This exercise can be quite a useful ice-breaker for new groups.

N-COUNT also icebreaker .

ice bucket

ice bucket ice buckets
An ice bucket is a container which holds ice cubes or cold water and ice. You can use it to provide ice cubes to put in drinks, or to put bottles of wine in and keep the wine cool.
N-COUNT

ice cap

ice cap ice caps
An ice cap is a thick layer of ice and snow that permanently covers an area of land, usually the area around the North or South Pole.

- This could cause the ice caps to melt.

- ...the polar ice caps.

N-COUNT: usu the N also ice-cap .

ice-cold

[D.J.:ˈaisˈkəuld]

[K.K.:ˈaɪsˈkold]

adj.

冰冷的

ice-cold

1. ice-cold
If you describe something as ice-cold , you are emphasizing that it is very cold.

- ...delicious ice-cold beer...

- The water was ice cold and my hands were completely blue.

ADJ

2. ice-cold
If you describe someone as ice-cold , you are emphasizing that they do not allow their emotions to affect them or that they lack feeling and friendliness.

- ...his ice-cold calculation...

- The gunman was young, with brown hair and `an ice-cold stare'.

ADJ

ice-cool

ice-cool
If you describe someone as ice-cool , you admire them because they are calm and do not show emotion in difficult situations. (JOURNALISM)

- The ice-cool driver has built a reputation for pulling out his best performances under pressure.

ADJ: usu ADJ n approval

ice cream **

1. ice cream ice creams
Ice cream is a very cold sweet food which is made from frozen cream or a substance like cream and has a flavour such as vanilla, chocolate, or strawberry.

- I'll get you some ice cream.

- ...vanilla ice cream.

N-MASS also ice-cream .

2. ice cream ice creams
An ice cream is an amount of ice cream sold in a small container or a cone made of thin biscuit.

- Do you want an ice cream?.

- They stuffed themselves with ice creams, chocolate and lollies.

N-COUNT also ice-cream .
= ice

ice-cream soda

ice-cream soda ice-cream sodas
An ice-cream soda is a dessert made from ice cream, fruit-flavoured syrup, and soda water. It is usually served in a tall glass.
N-VAR

ice cube *

ice cube ice cubes
An ice cube is a small square block of ice that you put into a drink in order to make it cold.
N-COUNT

ice floe

ice floe ice floes
An ice floe is a large area of ice floating in the sea.
N-COUNT

ice hockey *

ice hockey
Ice hockey is a game played on ice between two teams of 11 players who use long curved sticks to hit a small rubber disk, called a puck, and try to score goals. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use hockey )
N-UNCOUNT also ice-hockey .

Icelander

[ˈaisləndə]

n.

冰岛人

Icelander

Icelander Icelanders
An Icelander is a person who comes from Iceland.
N-COUNT

Icelandic

[D.J.:aisˈlændik]

[K.K.:aɪsˈlændɪk]

adj.

冰岛的

Icelandic ***

1. Icelandic
Something that is Icelandic belongs or relates to Iceland, to its people, or to its language.
ADJ

2. Icelandic
Icelandic is the official language of Iceland.
N-UNCOUNT

ice lolly

ice lolly ice lollies
An ice lolly is a piece of flavoured ice or ice cream on a stick. (BRIT; in AM use Popsicle )
N-COUNT also ice-lolly .

ice pack

ice pack ice packs
An ice pack is a bag full of ice which is used to cool parts of the body when they are injured or painful.
N-COUNT

ice pick

ice pick ice picks
An ice pick is a small pointed tool that you use for breaking ice.
N-COUNT also icepick .

ice rink

ice rink ice rinks
An ice rink is a level area of ice, usually inside a building, that has been made artificially and kept frozen so that people can skate on it.
N-COUNT

ice sheet

ice sheet ice sheets
An ice sheet is a large thick area of ice, especially one that exists for a long time.
N-COUNT

ice-skate

[D.J.:ˈaɪsˌskeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈaɪsˌsket]

vi.

溜冰，滑冰

ice-skate

ice-skate ice-skates
Ice-skates are boots with a thin metal bar underneath that people wear to move quickly on ice.
N-COUNT also ice skate .

ice skater

ice skater ice skaters
An ice skater is someone who skates on ice.
N-COUNT

ice-skating

n.

溜冰

ice-skating

1. ice-skating
If you go ice-skating , you move about on ice wearing ice-skates. This activity is also a sport.

- They took me ice-skating on a frozen lake.

VB: only cont also ice skating .

2. ice-skating
Also a noun.

- I love watching ice-skating on television.

- ...British ice-skating champion Joanne Conway.

N-UNCOUNT also ice skating .
= skating

ice water

ice water
Ice water is very cold water served as a drink. (AM)
N-UNCOUNT

icicle

[D.J.:ˈaɪsɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈaɪsɪkəl]

n.

冰柱

icicle

icicle icicles
An icicle is a long pointed piece of ice hanging down from a surface. It forms when water comes slowly off the surface, and freezes as it falls.
N-COUNT

icing sugar *

icing sugar
Icing sugar is very fine white sugar that is used for making icing and sweets. (BRIT; in AM usually use confectioners' sugar )
N-UNCOUNT

-icity

-icity
-icity replaces `-ic' at the end of adjectives to form nouns referring to the state, quality, or behaviour described by the adjective.

- ...if someone disputes the authenticity of the document...

- He soon exhibited signs of eccentricity.

SUFFIX

icon

[D.J.:ˈaɪˌkɔn]

[K.K.:ˈaɪˌkɑn]

n.

偶像

(计算机屏幕上表示命令、程序的)符号, 图像

icon *

1. icon icons
If you describe something or someone as an icon , you mean that they are important as a symbol of a particular thing.

- Kate Moss is Britain's fashion icon of the Nineties.

- ...Picasso and the other icons of modernism.

- ...the greatest icon of this century.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. icon icons
An icon is a picture of Christ, his mother, or a saint painted on a wooden panel.
N-COUNT

3. icon icons
An icon is a picture on a computer screen representing a particular computer function. If you want to use it, you move the cursor onto the icon using a mouse.
N-COUNT

iconic

[D.J.:aiˈkɔnik]

[K.K.:aɪˈkɑnɪk]

adj.

图标的

iconic

iconic
An iconic image or thing is important or impressive because it seems to be a symbol of something. (FORMAL)

- Murphy's powerfully spoken Oedipus is an autocrat of iconic grandeur.

- The ads helped Nike to achieve iconic status.

ADJ

iconoclasm

[D.J.:aiˈkɔnəˌklæzəm]

[K.K.:aɪˈkɑnəˌklæzəm]

n.

破坏偶像得理论,对偶像攻击,打破旧习

iconoclast

[D.J.:aɪˈkɔnəˌklæst]

[K.K.:aɪˈkɑnəˌklæst]

n.

攻击传统观念的人

<史>反对崇拜圣像者

iconoclasm

n.

iconoclastic

adj.

iconoclastic

[aiˌkɔnəˈklæstik]

adj.

偶像破坏的,打破旧习的

iconoclast

iconoclast iconoclasts
If you describe someone as an iconoclast , you mean that they often criticize beliefs and things that are generally accepted by society. (FORMAL)

- Cage was an iconoclast. He refused to be bound by western musical traditions of harmony and structure.

N-COUNT

iconoclastic

iconoclastic
If you describe someone or their words or ideas as iconoclastic , you mean that they contradict established beliefs. (FORMAL)

- Is it utopian to hope that such iconoclastic ideas will gain ground?.

- His iconoclastic tendencies can get him into trouble.

ADJ-GRADED

iconography

[D.J.:ˌaɪkəˈnɔgrəfi:]

[K.K.:ˌaɪkəˈnɑɡrəfi]

n.

图解,插图

画像研究,(对一个人的)肖像研究

iconography

iconography
The iconography of a group of people consists of the symbols, pictures, and objects which represent their ideas and way of life.

- The pictures of the original moon landings are as much a part of the iconography of the Sixties as Beatles album covers.

- ...religious iconography.

N-UNCOUNT

icily

[D.J.:ˈaɪsɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈaɪsl..ɪ]

adv.

冰冷地；冷冰冰地

icy

[D.J.:ˈaɪsi:]

[K.K.:ˈaɪsi]

adj.

冰冷的

结冰的,被冰覆盖的

icy *

1. icy icier iciest
If you describe something as icy or icy cold , you mean that it is extremely cold.

- An icy wind blew hard across the open spaces.

- His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold.

ADJ-GRADED

2. icy icier iciest
An icy road has ice on it.
ADJ-GRADED

3. icy icier iciest
If you describe a person or their behaviour as icy , you mean that they are not affectionate or friendly, and they show their dislike or anger in a quiet, controlled way.

- His response was icy.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= cold frosty ≠ warm

4. icily

- `You have nothing to say in the matter,' he said icily.

- The prison official is icily polite and bureaucratic.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj

icy

adjective Informal

1.

cold

biting

bitter

chill

chilly

freezing

frosty

ice-cold

raw

2.

slippery

glassy

slippy informal or dialect

3.

unfriendly

aloof

cold

distant

frigid

frosty

unwelcoming

ID

[D.J.:ˌaɪˈdi:]

n.

身份证明(文件)

ID *

ID IDs
If you have ID or an ID , you are carrying a document such as an identity card or driver's licence which proves that you are a particular person.

- I had no ID on me so the police couldn't establish I was the owner of the car.

- Peter took out his wallet and showed his ID to the man.

- Registrars checked the ID cards of prospective voters.

N-VAR
= identification

I'd

1. I'd
I'd is the usual spoken form of `I had', especially when `had' is an auxiliary verb.

- I felt absolutely certain that I'd seen her before.

2. I'd
I'd is the usual spoken form of `I would'.

- There are some questions I'd like to ask.

- He knows I'd love him whatever he did.

idea

[D.J.:aiˈdiə]

[K.K.:aɪˈdiə]

n.

想法, 主意

思想, 概念

知道, 了解

idea *****

1. idea ideas
An idea is a plan, suggestion, or possible course of action.

- It's a good idea to keep a stock of slimmers' meals for when you're too busy or tired to cook.

- I really like the idea of helping people.

- She told me she'd had a brilliant idea.

N-COUNT: oft adj N, N to-inf, N of n/-ing

2. idea ideas
An idea is an opinion or belief about what something is like or should be like.

- Some of his ideas about democracy are entirely his own.

- There may be some truth in the idea that reading too many books ruins your eyes.

- My idea of physical perfection is to be very slender.

N-COUNT: usu N about/on/of n, N that
= notion

3. idea
If someone gives you an idea of something, they give you information about it without being very exact or giving a lot of detail.

- This table will give you some idea of how levels of ability in a foreign language can be measured.

- Could you give us an idea of the range of complaints you've been receiving?.

- If you cannot remember the exact date give a rough idea of when it was.

N-SING: N of n/wh
= impression

4. idea
If you have an idea of something, you know about it to some extent.

- By the end of the week you will have a clear idea of what your eating habits are.

- No one has any real idea how much the company will make next year.

N-SING: with supp

5. idea
If you have an idea that something is the case, you think that it may be the case, although you are not certain.

- I had an idea that he joined the army later, after university, but I may be wrong.

N-SING: N that vagueness
= suspicion

6. idea
The idea of an action or activity is its aim or purpose.

- The idea is to lend money to homeowners who are unable to move because their houses are worth less than their mortgages.

N-SING: the N
= objective

7. idea ideas
If you have the idea of doing something, you intend to do it.

- He sent for a number of books he admired with the idea of re-reading them.

- I had to postpone ideas of a career and stay at home.

N-COUNT: N of -ing/n
= intention

8. idea
You can use idea in expressions such as I've no idea or I haven't the faintest idea to emphasize that you do not know something.

- `Is she coming by coach?' --- `Well I've no idea.'.

- We haven't the faintest idea where he is.

N-SING: with brd-neg emphasis
= notion

9. idea
If someone gets the idea , they understand how to do something or they understand what you are telling them. (INFORMAL)

- It isn't too difficult once you get the idea.

- You're beginning to get the idea.

PHR: V inflects

10. idea
You can say you have no idea to emphasize how good or bad something is. (INFORMAL)

- We are both so happy, you have no idea.

- You have no idea how depressed it made me.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR wh emphasis

idea

noun

1.

thought

concept

impression

perception

2.

belief

conviction

notion

opinion

teaching

view

3.

plan

aim

intention

object

objective

purpose

ideal

[D.J.:aiˈdiəl]

[K.K.:aɪˈdiəl, aɪˈdil]

adj.

理想的, 完满的

想像的, 空想的

n.

理想

理想的事物[人]

adj.

唯心主义的, 唯心论的理想主义的, 空想家的

ideal ***

1. ideal ideals
An ideal is a principle, idea, or standard that seems very good and worth trying to achieve.

- The party has drifted too far from its socialist ideals.

- I tried to live up to my ideal of myself.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. ideal
Your ideal of something is the person or thing that seems to you to be the best possible example of it.

- Her features were almost the opposite of the Japanese ideal of beauty in those days.

- Throughout his career she remained his feminine ideal.

N-SING: oft poss N

3. ideal
The ideal person or thing for a particular task or purpose is the best possible person or thing for it.

- She decided that I was the ideal person to take over the job.

- I really love the area and see it as an ideal place to start my managerial career.

- The conditions were ideal for racing.

ADJ-GRADED
= perfect

4. ideal
An ideal society or world is the best possible one that you can imagine.

- We do not live in an ideal world.

- In an ideal world, there would be no such thing as rubbish.

- Their ideal society collapsed around them into the Terror and then into the Counterrevolution.

ADJ: ADJ n

ideal

adjective

1.

perfect

archetypal

classic

complete

consummate

model

quintessential

supreme

noun

2.

model

last word

paradigm

paragon

pattern

perfection

prototype

standard

idealism

[D.J.:aɪˈdi:əˌlɪzəm]

[K.K.:aɪˈdiəˌlɪzəm]

n.

理想主义

idealist

[D.J.:aɪˈdi:əlɪst]

[K.K.:aɪˈdiəlɪst]

n.

理想主义;空想家

<哲>观念论者;唯心论者

idealism *

1. idealism
Idealism is the beliefs and behaviour of someone who has ideals and who tries to base their behaviour on these ideals.

- She never lost her respect for the idealism of the 1960s.

- This experience has tempered their idealism.

N-UNCOUNT

2. idealist idealists

- He is not such an idealist that he cannot see the problems.

N-COUNT

idealist

noun

romantic

dreamer

Utopian

visionary

idealistic

[D.J.:aiˌdiəˈlistik]

[K.K.:aɪˌdiəˈlɪstɪk]

adj.

有理想的

理想主义的

idealistic *

idealistic
If you describe someone as idealistic , you mean that they have ideals, and base their behaviour on these ideals, even though this may be impractical.

- Idealistic young people died for a future that was stolen from them as soon as it became possible.

- Older mothers tend to be too idealistic about the pleasures of motherhood.

ADJ-GRADED

idealistic

adjective

perfectionist

impracticable

optimistic

romantic

starry-eyed

Utopian

visionary

idealization

n.

理想化,理想化的事物

idealize

[D.J.:aɪˈdi:əˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:aɪˈdiəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使理想化

idealization

n.

理想化,观念化

idealize *

1. idealize idealizes idealizing idealized
If you idealize something or someone, you think of them, or represent them to other people, as being perfect or much better than they really are.

- People idealize the past.

- I'm not trying to glorify or idealise women.

VB (BRIT) also idealise
= romanticize

2. idealized

- ...an idealised image of how a parent should be...

- Men want to look like the idealized men depicted in advertisements.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. idealization idealizations

- ...Marie's idealisation of her dead husband.

N-VAR

idealize

verb

romanticize

apotheosize

ennoble

exalt

glorify

magnify

put on a pedestal

worship

ideally

[D.J.:aɪˈdi:əli:]

[K.K.:aɪˈdiəli]

adv.

完美地

理想地

ideally **

1. ideally
If you say that ideally a particular thing should happen or be done, you mean that this is what you would like to happen or be done, but you know that this is may not be possible or practical.

- People should, ideally, be persuaded to eat a diet with much less fat or oil.

ADV: ADV with cl/group
= preferably

2. ideally
If you say that someone or something is ideally suited, ideally located, or ideally qualified, you mean that they are as well suited, located, or qualified as they could possibly be.

- They were an extremely happy couple, ideally suited.

- The hotel is ideally situated for country walks.

- The General is ideally qualified for the job.

ADV: usu ADV -ed, also ADV after v
= perfectly

ideally

adverb

in a perfect world

all things being equal

if one had one's way

identical

[D.J.:aiˈdentikəl]

[K.K.:aɪˈdɛntɪkəl]

adj.

同一的

identically

adv.

同一地,相等地

identical **

1. identical
Things that are identical are exactly the same.

- Nearly all the houses were identical.

- The two parties fought the last election on almost identical manifestos.

ADJ: oft ADJ to/with n

2. identically

- ...nine identically dressed female dancers.

ADV: usu ADV -ed/adj, also ADV after v

identical

adjective

alike

duplicate

indistinguishable

interchangeable

matching

twin

identical twin

identical twin identical twins
Identical twins are twins of the same sex who look exactly the same.
N-COUNT: usu pl

identifiable

[aiˈdentifaiəbl]

adj.

可以确认的

identifiable *

identifiable
Something or someone that is identifiable can be recognized.

- In the corridor were four dirty, ragged bundles, just identifiable as human beings.

- Stan Dean, easily identifiable by his oddly-shaped hat, sat in a doorway.

- ...if there is a clearly identifiable cause of stress in your life and there is nothing you can do to get rid of it.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ as/by/from n
= recognizable ≠ unidentifiable

identification

[D.J.:aiˌdentifiˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:aɪˌdɛntəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

鉴定, 验明, 认出

身份证明

认同

identification **

1. identification identifications
The identification of something is the recognition that it exists, is important, or is true.

- Early identification of a disease can prevent death and illness.

- Their work includes the identification of genes which govern the growth rate and fertility.

- There should be some identification of goals, and how far these have been achieved.

N-VAR: oft N of n

2. identification identifications
Your identification of a particular person or thing is your ability to name them because you know them or recognize them.

- Officials are awaiting positive identification before charging the men with war crimes.

- He's made a formal identification of the body.

- ...the Hamlyn identification guide to wild flowers of Britain.

N-VAR

3. identification
If someone asks you for some identification , they want to see something such as a driving licence, which proves who you are.

- The woman who was on passport control asked me if I had any further identification.

N-UNCOUNT
= ID

4. identification identifications
The identification of one person or thing with another is the close association of one with the other.

- Throughout the Balkans, there is a close identification of nationhood with language.

- ...the identification of Spain with Catholicism.

N-VAR: usu N of n with n
= association

5. identification
Identification with someone or something is the feeling of sympathy and support for them.

- I need your full, emotional identification with the problem and with me.

- Marilyn had an intense identification with animals.

N-UNCOUNT: N with n
= empathy

identification

noun

1.

recognition

naming

pinpointing

2.

empathy

association

connection

fellow feeling

involvement

rapport

relationship

sympathy

identify

[D.J.:aiˈdentifai]

[K.K.:aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ]

vt.

认出, 识别

支持, 同情

vt. & vi.

等同于; 有关联

identifying

标识;识别

identify ****

1. identify identifies identifying identified
If you can identify someone or something, you are able to recognize them or distinguish them from others.

- There are a number of distinguishing characteristics by which you can identify a Hollywood epic.

- I tried to identify her perfume.

- A uniformed chauffeur identified me among the crowd.

VB
= recognize

2. identify identifies identifying identified
If you identify someone or something, you name them or say who or what they are.

- Police have already identified around 10 murder suspects.

- The reporters identified one of the six Americans as an Army Specialist.

- They identified six plants as having potential for development into pharmaceutical drugs.

VB
= name

3. identify identifies identifying identified
If you identify something, you discover or notice its existence.

- Scientists claim to have identified chemicals produced by certain plants which have powerful cancer-combating properties.

- Having identified the problem, the question arises of how to overcome it.

VB
= discover

4. identify identifies identifying identified
If a particular thing identifies someone or something, it makes them easy to recognize, by making them different in some way.

- She wore a little nurse's hat on her head to identify her.

- His boots and purple beret identify him as commanding the Scottish Paratroops.

VB
= distinguish

5. identify identifies identifying identified
If you identify with someone or something, you feel that you understand them or their feelings and ideas.

- She would only play a role if she could identify with the character.

- I could speak their language and identify with their problems because I had been there myself.

VB
= empathize

6. identify identifies identifying identified
If you identify one person or thing with another, you think that they are closely associated or involved in some way.

- Moore really hates to play the sweet, passive women that audiences have identified her with.

- The mood in Japan is changing, and candidates want to identify themselves with reform.

VB
= associate equate

identify

verb

1.

recognize

diagnose

make out

name

pick out

pinpoint

place

put one's finger on informal

spot

identify with

2.

relate to

associate with

empathize with

feel for

respond to

identikit

[aiˈdentikit]

n.

(供证人辨认罪犯的)人像拼片

identikit

identikit identikits
An identikit or an identikit picture is a drawing of the face of someone the police want to question. It is made from descriptions given to them by witnesses to a crime. Compare Photofit . (mainly BRIT, TRADEMARK)
N-COUNT

identity

[D.J.:aiˈdentiti]

[K.K.:aɪˈdɛntɪti]

n.

身份

个性, 特性

同一性, 一致性

identity ***

1. identity identities
Your identity is who you are.

- Abu is not his real name, but it's one he uses to disguise his identity.

- The police soon established his true identity and he was quickly found.

N-COUNT: with poss

2. identity identities
The identity of a person or place is the characteristics they have that distinguish them from others.

- I wanted a sense of my own identity.

- ...the distinct cultural, religious and national identity of many Tibetans.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft with poss, adj N

identity

noun

1.

existence

individuality

personality

self

2.

sameness

correspondence

unity

identity card *

identity card identity cards
An identity card is a card with a person's name, photograph, date of birth, and other information on it. In some countries, people are required to carry identity cards in order to prove who they are.
N-COUNT

identity parade

identity parade identity parades
At an identity parade , a witness to a crime tries to identify the criminal from among a line of people. (BRIT; in AM usually use line-up )
N-COUNT

ideogram

[D.J.:ˈidiəɡræm]

[K.K.:ˈɪdiəˌɡræm, ˈaɪdi-]

n.

表意文字,意符

ideogram

1. ideogram ideograms
An ideogram is a sign or symbol that represents a particular idea or thing rather than a word. The writing systems of Japan and China, for example, use ideograms.
N-COUNT

2. ideogram ideograms
In languages such as English which are written using letters and words, an ideogram is a sign or symbol that can be used to represent a particular word. %, @, and & are examples of ideograms.
N-COUNT

ideological

[D.J.:ˌaɪdi:əˈlɔdʒɪkəl, ˌɪdi:-]

[K.K.:ˌaɪdiəˈlɑdʒɪkəl, ˌɪdi-]

adj.

观念学的;意识形态的;思想体系的

ideologically

[D.J.:ˌaɪdɪəˈl ɔd ʒɪk ɑlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌaɪdɪəˈl ɑd ʒɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

思想体系上;意识形态上

ideological **

1. ideological
Ideological means relating to principles or beliefs.

- Others left the party for ideological reasons.

- The ideological divisions between the parties aren't always obvious.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. ideologically

- ...an ideologically sound organisation...

- The army was ideologically opposed to the kind of economic solution proposed.

- Ideologically, there was nothing in common between them.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed, ADV with cl, ADV after v

ideologist

[ˌaidiˈɔlədʒist,idiˈɔlədʒist]

n.

思想家

ideologist

ideologist ideologists
An ideologist is someone who develops or supports a particular ideology.
N-COUNT

ideologue

[D.J.:ˈaidiəˌlɔɡ]

[K.K.:ˈaɪdiəˌlɔɡ, -ˌlɑɡ, ˈɪdi-]

n.

意识形态的拥护者; 思想意识的盲目追从者

ideologue

ideologue ideologues
An ideologue is the same as an ideologist . (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

ideology

[D.J.:ˌaidiˈɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:ˌaɪdiˈɑlədʒi, ˌɪdi-]

n.

思想(体系), 思想意识

ideology **

ideology ideologies
An ideology is a set of beliefs, especially the political beliefs on which people, parties, or countries base their actions.

- ...capitalist ideology.

N-VAR
= philosophy

idiocy

[D.J.:ˈɪdi:əsi:]

[K.K.:ˈɪdiəsi]

n.

极度的愚蠢

愚蠢的行为

白痴状态

idiocy

idiocy idiocies
If you refer to something as idiocy , you mean that you think it is very stupid.

- ...a powerful chapter on the idiocy of continuing government subsidies for environmentally damaging activities.

- ...his gentle, ironic analysis of the idiocies of the previous regime.

N-VAR: oft N of n/-ing
= lunacy

idiocy

noun

foolishness

asininity

fatuousness

imbecility

inanity

insanity

lunacy

senselessness

idiom

[D.J.:ˈidiəm]

[K.K.:ˈɪdiəm]

n.

习语, 成语

(在语言等方面所表现的)风格, 特色

idiom *

1. idiom idioms
A particular idiom is a particular style of something such as music, dance, or architecture. (FORMAL)

- McCartney was also keen to write in a classical idiom, rather than a pop one.

- It was an old building in the local idiom.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp
= style

2. idiom idioms
An idiom is a group of words which have a different meaning when used together from the one they would have if you took the meaning of each word separately. (TECHNICAL)

- Proverbs and idioms may become worn with over-use.

- She is, in fact, a perfect illustration of the French idiom `to be comfortable in one's own skin.'

N-COUNT
= phrase

3. idiom
Idiom of a particular kind is the language that people use at a particular time or in a particular place. (FORMAL)

- And nothing was so irritating as the confident way he used archaic idiom.

- ...her command of the Chinese idiom.

N-UNCOUNT
= language

idiom

noun

1.

phrase

expression

turn of phrase

2.

language

jargon

parlance

style

vernacular

idiomatic

[D.J.:ˌɪdi:əˈmætɪk]

[K.K.:ˌɪdiəˈmætɪk]

adj.

符合语言习惯的,成语的

含有习语的

idiomatically

adv.

符合语言习惯地

idiomaticness

n.

符合语言习惯

idiomatically

adv.

使用惯用语句,惯用地

idiomatic

idiomatic
Idiomatic language uses words in a way that sounds natural to native speakers of the language.

- Philippa was soon to acquire a remarkable command of idiomatic English.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

idiosyncrasy

[D.J.:ˌɪdi:əʊˈsɪŋkrəsi:]

[K.K.:ˌɪdioˈsɪŋkrəsi]

n.

(某人特有的)气质, 习性, 癖好

idiosyncrasy

idiosyncrasy idiosyncrasies
If you talk about the idiosyncrasies of someone or something, you are referring to their rather unusual habits or characteristics.

- One of his idiosyncrasies was to wear thick orange gloves of the kitchen-sink variety.

- The bike has style, it has looks, it has its little idiosyncrasies.

- The book is a gem of Victorian idiosyncrasy.

N-VAR: usu with poss
= eccentricity peculiarity

idiosyncrasy

noun

peculiarity

characteristic

eccentricity

mannerism

oddity

quirk

trick

idiosyncratic

adj.

特殊物质的,特殊的,异质的

idiosyncratic *

idiosyncratic
If you describe someone's actions or characteristics as idiosyncratic , you mean that they are rather unusual.

- ...a highly idiosyncratic personality.

- ...his erratic typing and idiosyncratic spelling.

ADJ-GRADED
= eccentric peculiar

idiot

[D.J.:ˈidiət]

[K.K.:ˈɪdiət]

n.

傻子, 笨蛋

白痴

idiot *

1. idiot idiots
If you call someone an idiot , you are showing that you think they are very stupid or have done something very stupid.

- I knew I'd been an idiot to stay there.

- You're an idiot!

N-COUNT disapproval
= fool moron

2. idiot
Idiot means stupid.

- ...a bunch of idiot journalists waiting to ask me stupid questions.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. idiot idiots
In the past, people who had something wrong with their brains that made them seem less intelligent, or different from other people, were sometimes called idiots . (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...the village idiot.

N-COUNT

idiot

noun

fool

chump

cretin

dunderhead

halfwit

imbecile

moron

nincompoop

numbskull or numskull

simpleton

twit informal chiefly Brit.

idiot box

idiot box.
The idiot box is the television. (INFORMAL) (mainly BRIT; in AM use boob tube )

- The original script was written with the idiot box in mind.

N-SING: the N

idiotic

[D.J.:ˌɪdi:ˈɔtɪk]

[K.K.:ˌɪdiˈɑtɪk]

adj.

白痴的

idiotic

1. idiotic
If you call someone or something idiotic , you mean that they are very stupid or silly.

- What an idiotic thing to say!

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= ridiculous

2. idiotically

- ...his idiotically romantic views.

ADV

idiotic

adjective

foolish

asinine

crazy

daft informal

foolhardy

harebrained

insane

moronic

senseless

stupid

idle

[D.J.:ˈaidl]

[K.K.:ˈaɪdl]

adj.

空闲的, 闲着的

懒散的, 无所事事的

无根据的; 无聊的

无意义的, 无特别意图的

vi.

虚度, 闲逛

空转

idleness

[D.J.:ˈaɪdlnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈaɪd l..nɪs]

n.

懒惰;闲散;安逸

失业(状态);赋闲

无益,白费

idling

低速轧制;闲置;慢速;空载;空转

idly

[D.J.:ˈaɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈaɪd l..ɪ]

adv.

懒惰地;无所事事地,闲着

无益地,徒然地

idle **

1. idle
If people who were working are idle , they have no jobs or work.

- Employees have been idle almost a month because of shortages.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
≠ busy

2. idle
If machines or factories are idle , they are not working or being used.

- Now the machine is lying idle.

- ...factories that had been idle for years.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

3. idle
If you say that someone is idle , you disapprove of them because they are not doing anything and you think they should be.

- ...idle bureaucrats who spent the day reading newspapers...

- I never met such an idle bunch of workers in all my life!

ADJ disapproval
= lazy

4. idleness

- Idleness is a very bad thing for human nature.

N-UNCOUNT

5. idly

- We were not idly sitting around.

ADV: ADV with v

6. idle
Idle is used to describe something that you do for no particular reason, often because you have nothing better to do.

- Brian kept up the idle chatter for another five minutes.

- ...idle curiosity.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. idly

- We talked idly about magazines and baseball.

- `Has there been an accident?' Gary asked, idly curious.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

8. idle
If you say that it is idle to do something, you mean that it is not worth doing it, because it will not achieve anything.

- It would be idle to pretend the system is perfect.

ADJ: it v-link ADJ to-inf
= futile

9. idle
You refer to an idle threat or boast when you do not think the person making it will or can do what they say.

- It was more of an idle threat than anything.

- His statement isn't merely an idle boast.

ADJ: ADJ n
= empty

10. idle idles idling idled
If you idle , you spend time in a lazy way, doing nothing in particular.

- When they reached his house, Scobie idled a bit, finishing his cigarette.

- We spent many hours idling in one of the cafes that line three sides of the tiny piazza.

- He idled around afterwards, window shopping until about 5pm.

VB
= laze

11. idle idles idling idled
To idle a factory or other place of work means to close it down because there is no work to do or because the workers are on strike. (AM; in BRIT usually use shut down )

- Officials say some of the idled assembly plants will resume production after the Labor Day holiday.

VB

12. idle idles idling idled
To idle workers means to stop them working. (AM; in BRIT use lay off )

- The strike has idled about 55,000 machinists.

VB

13. idle idles idling idled
If an engine or vehicle is idling , the engine is running slowly and quietly because it is not in gear, and the vehicle is not moving.

- Beyond a stand of trees a small plane idled.

- Her Daimler limo waits with its engine idling.

VB
= tick over

idle

adjective

1.

inactive

redundant

unemployed

unoccupied

unused

vacant

2.

lazy

good-for-nothing

indolent

lackadaisical

shiftless

slothful

sluggish

3.

useless

fruitless

futile

groundless

ineffective

pointless

unavailing

unsuccessful

vain

worthless

verb

often with away 4.

laze

dally

dawdle

kill time

loaf

loiter

lounge

potter

idleness

noun

1.

inactivity

inaction

leisure

time on one's hands

unemployment

2.

laziness

inertia

shiftlessness

sloth

sluggishness

torpor

idle away **

idle away idles away; idling away; idled away
If you idle away a period of time, you spend it doing very little.

- Residents were mowing their lawns, washing their cars and otherwise idling away a pleasant, sunny day.

- He idled the time away in dreamy thought.

PHR-V

idler

[ˈaidlə]

n.

懒汉; 无所事事的人

idler

idler idlers
If you describe someone as an idler , you are criticizing them because you think they are lazy and should be working.

- The Duke resents being seen as a moneyed idler.

N-COUNT disapproval
= loafer

idol

[D.J.:ˈaidl]

[K.K.:ˈaɪdl]

n.

偶像, 受崇拜的人或物

idol *

1. idol idols
If you refer to someone such as a film, pop, or sports star as an idol , you mean that they are greatly admired or loved by their fans.

- A great cheer went up from the crowd as they caught sight of their idol.

- He looks more like a stockbroker than a teen idol.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= hero

2. idol idols
An idol is a statue or other object that is worshipped by people who believe that it is a god.
N-COUNT

3. idol
If you refer to someone as a fallen idol , you mean that they have lost people's respect and admiration because of something bad that they have done.

- He was once worshipped like a god but is now a fallen idol.

PHR: N inflects

idol

noun

1.

graven image

deity

god

2.

hero

beloved

darling

favourite

pet

pin-up slang

idolatry

[D.J.:aɪˈdɔlətri:]

[K.K.:aɪˈdɑlətri]

n.

偶像崇拜

idolatry

1. idolatry
Someone who practises idolatry worships idols. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

2. idolatry
If you refer to someone's admiration for a particular person as idolatry , you think it is too great and uncritical. (FORMAL)

- Their affection for her soon increased almost to idolatry.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

idolatry

noun

adoration

adulation

exaltation

glorification

idolize

[D.J.:ˈaidəˌlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈaɪdlˌaɪz]

vt.

将(某人)当作偶像崇拜

idolize

idolize idolizes idolizing idolized
If you idolize someone, you admire them very much.

- Naomi idolised her father as she was growing up.

- A tall, soft-spoken woman, she is idolized by her young patients.

VB (BRIT) also idolise
= worship

idolize

verb

worship

adore

dote upon

exalt

glorify

hero-worship

look up to

love

revere

venerate

idyll

[D.J.:ˈaɪdl]

[K.K.:ˈaɪdl..]

n.

描写田园生活的短诗

一段愉快的乡村生活

idyllist

n.

田园诗人;田园乐曲的作者

idyllist

[D.J.:ˈaɪdlɪst]

[K.K.:ˈaɪdlɪst]

n.

田园诗人,牧歌作者

idyll

idyll idylls
If you describe a situation as an idyll , you mean that it is idyllic.

- She finds that the sleepy town she moves to isn't the rural idyll she imagined.

- Though they still talked a lot, Harry felt that their idyll was drawing to an end.

N-COUNT (AM) also idyl

idyllic

[D.J.:aɪˈdɪlɪk]

[K.K.:aɪˈdɪlɪk]

adj.

田园诗般的, 田园风光的;平和欢畅的

idyllic *

idyllic
If you describe something as idyllic , you mean that it is extremely pleasant, simple, and peaceful without any difficulties or dangers.

- ...an idyllic setting for a summer romance...

- Married life was not as idyllic as he had imagined.

ADJ-GRADED

idyllic

adjective

idealized

charming

halcyon

heavenly

ideal

picturesque

unspoiled

i.e.

[D.J.:ˌaɪˈi:]

[K.K.:ˌaɪˈi]

abbr.

(=id est) <拉>即,换言之

ie. **

i.e
i.e. is used to introduce a word or sentence which makes what you have just said clearer or gives details.

- ...strategic points -- i.e. airports or military bases.

if

[D.J.:if]

[K.K.:ɪf]

conj.

如果, 假如

是否

即使, 虽然

无论何时

n.

不确定的事, 无把握的事

if *****

1. if
You use if in conditional sentences to introduce the circumstances in which an event or situation might happen, might be happening, or might have happened.

- She gets very upset if I exclude her from anything.

- You'll feel a lot better about yourself if you work on solutions to your upsetting situations.

- You can go if you want.

- If you would like to send a donation to Cobuild, please enclose a cheque with your coupon.

- If you went into town, you'd notice all the pubs have loud jukeboxes.

- What I did was right and if I had done anything less it would have been wrong.

- Fry remaining peppers, adding a little more dressing if necessary.

- Are you a student with a knack for coming up with great ideas? If so, we would love to hear from you.

CONJ-SUBORD

2. if
You use if in indirect questions where the answer is either `yes' or `no'.

- He asked if I had left with you, and I said no.

- I wonder if I might have a word with Mr Abbot?

CONJ-SUBORD
= whether

3. if
You use if to suggest that something might be slightly different from what you are stating in the main part of the sentence, for example that there might be slightly more or less of a particular quality.

- Sometimes, that standard is quite difficult, if not impossible, to achieve.

- I'm working on my fitness and I will be ready in a couple of weeks, if not sooner.

- Many, if not most, scientific papers are presented orally at scientific meetings.

- What one quality, if any, do you like the most about your partner?.

- Meat was available once a week if at all.

CONJ-SUBORD: with neg

4. if
You use if , usually with `can', `could', `may', or `might', at a point in a conversation when you are politely trying to make a point, change the subject, or interrupt another speaker.

- If I could just make another small point about the weightlifters in the Olympics.

- So, if we may return strictly to athletics again for a few minutes.

- But if I can interrupt, Joe, I don't think anybody here is personally blaming the Germans.

- Well, it's the old argument Max, which is a bit ridiculous if you don't mind me saying so.

- Well if you want my opinion, unless you do it soon you're gonna lose the opportunity and you'll be really sorry.

CONJ-SUBORD

5. if
You use if at or near the beginning of a clause when politely asking someone to do something.

- I wonder if you'd be kind enough to give us some information, please?.

- If you will just sign here, we will arrange for your bank to deduct your payments automatically.

CONJ-SUBORD politeness

6. if
You use if not in front of a word or phrase to indicate that your statement does not apply to that word or phrase, but to something closely related to it that you also mention.

- A number of recent advances hold out if not the hope of a cure, then at least the possibility of some drug which could stop the spread of the virus.

- She understood his meaning, if not his words, and took his advice.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD
= although not

7. if
You use if to introduce a subordinate clause in which you admit a fact which you regard as less important than the statement in the main clause.

- If there was any disappointment it was probably temporary.

- Even if I'm overstating the case for nutrition, at least it will result in the woman being in charge of her own symptoms.

- So what if sometimes they stayed rather late, it doesn't mean anything.

CONJ-SUBORD

8. if
You use if ever with past tenses when you are introducing a description of a person or thing, to emphasize how appropriate it is.

- I became a distraught, worried mother, a useless role if ever there was one.

- If ever there was the right person in the right job it was she.

- If ever a man needed your love, I need it.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD emphasis

9. if
You use if only with past tenses to introduce what you think is a fairly good reason for doing something, although you realize it may not be a very good one.

- She always writes me once a month, if only to scold me because I haven't answered her last letter yet.

- A one-to-one meeting with the US President was necessary, if only for a deeper exchange of views.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

10. if
You use if only to express a wish or desire, especially one that cannot be fulfilled.

- If only you had told me that some time ago.

- If only it were that simple!.

- `Hey, listen to me, all that 1980 nonsense is over.' --- `If only, Timothy, if only.'

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD feelings

11. if
You use as if when you are making a judgement about something that you see or notice. Your belief or impression might be correct, or it might be wrong.

- The whole room looks as if it has been lovingly put together over the years.

- His heart was pounding, as if he were frightened.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD
= as though

12. if
You use as if to describe something or someone by comparing them with another thing or person.

- He points two fingers at his head, as if he were holding a gun.

- The two cousins looked as if they'd been carved from blocks of ice.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD
= as though

13. if
You use as if to emphasize that something is not true. (SPOKEN)

- My husband, for some unknown reason, suggested that I loved my birds more than him: as if I would.

- Getting my work done! My God! As if it mattered.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD emphasis
= as though

14. if
You use ` if anything ' to introduce something which strengthens or changes the meaning of the statement you have just made, but only in a small or unimportant way.

- Katie and I also lived with a friend and we got on OK. If anything it strengthened our relationship.

- Asthma drugs are not addictive and you don't need to keep increasing the dose. If anything, the reverse is true.

PHR: PHR with cl

15. if
You use ` It's not as if ' to introduce a statement which, if it were true, might explain something puzzling, although in fact it is not true.

- I am surprised by the degree of fuss she's making. It's not as if my personality has changed or vanished.

PHR: V inflects

16. if
You say ` if I were you ' to someone when you are giving them advice.

- If I were you, Mrs Gretchen, I just wouldn't worry about it.

- What I'd do if I were you is be nice to him.

- I should lie down for a bit, if I were you.

PHR: PHR with cl

if

conjunction

provided

assuming

on condition that

providing

supposing

iffy

[D.J.:ˈifi]

[K.K.:ˈɪfi]

adj.

不确定的,可疑的,有问题的

iffy

1. iffy
If you say that something is iffy , you mean that it is not very good in some way. (INFORMAL)

- If your next record's a bit iffy, you're forgotten.

- He was from an iffy neighborhood.

ADJ-GRADED
= dodgy

2. iffy
If something is iffy , it is uncertain. (INFORMAL)

- His political future has looked iffy for most of this year.

ADJ-GRADED
= doubtful

-ify

-ify
-ify is used at the end of verbs that refer to making something or someone different in some way.

- More needs to be done to simplify the process of registering to vote.

- Water can be purified by boiling for five minutes.

SUFFIX

igloo

[D.J.:ˈɪglu:]

[K.K.:ˈɪɡlu]

n.

雪块砌成的圆顶小屋

igloo

igloo igloos
Igloos are dome-shaped houses built from blocks of snow by the Inuit people.
N-COUNT

igneous

[D.J.:ˈɪgni:əs]

[K.K.:ˈɪɡniəs]

adj.

火的

(尤指岩石)火成的

igneous

igneous
In geology, igneous rocks are rocks that were once so hot that they were liquid. (TECHNICAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

ignite

[D.J.:iɡˈnait]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈnaɪt]

vt. & vi.

点燃; 引发

ignite *

1. ignite ignites igniting ignited
When you ignite something or when it ignites , it starts burning or explodes.

- The bombs ignited a fire which destroyed some 60 houses.

- The blasts were caused by pockets of methane gas that ignited.

V-ERG

2. ignite ignites igniting ignited
If something or someone ignites your feelings, they cause you to have very strong feelings about something. (LITERARY)

- There was one teacher who really ignited my interest in words.

- The recent fighting in the area could ignite regional passions far beyond the borders.

VB

ignite

verb

1.

catch fire

burn

burst into flames

flare up

inflame

take fire

2.

set fire to

kindle

light

set alight

torch

ignition

[D.J.:ɪgˈnɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈnɪʃən]

n.

(汽油引擎的)发火装置

ignition *

1. ignition ignitions
In a car engine, the ignition is the part where the fuel is ignited.

- The device automatically disconnects the ignition.

N-VAR

2. ignition
Inside a car, the ignition is the part where you turn the key so that the engine starts.
N-SING: the N

3. ignition
Ignition is the process of something starting to burn.

- The ignition of methane gas killed eight men.

N-UNCOUNT

ignoble

[D.J.:ɪgˈnəʊbəl]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈnobəl]

adj.

卑鄙的, 可耻的

出身低微的, 地位低下的

ignoble

ignoble
If you describe something as ignoble , you mean that it is bad and something to be ashamed of. (FORMAL)

- ...ignoble thoughts.

- ...an ignoble episode from their country's past.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

ignominious

[D.J.:ˌɪgnəˈmɪni:əs]

[K.K.:ˌɪɡnəˈmɪniəs]

adj.

耻辱的,屈辱的,丢脸的

ignominiously

adv.

耻辱地,屈辱地,丢脸地

ignominiousness

n.

耻辱,屈辱,丢脸

ignominiously

[D.J.:ɪ gnəˈmɪnɪəslɪ]

[K.K.:ɪɡnəˈmɪnɪəslɪ]

adv.

可耻地;不光彩地

ignominious

1. ignominious
If you describe an experience or action as ignominious , you mean it is embarrassing because it shows a great lack of success. (FORMAL)

- The recollection of their ignominious defeat was still fresh in his mind.

- Many thought that he was doomed to ignominious failure.

ADJ-GRADED
= humiliating

2. ignominiously

- Their soldiers had to retreat ignominiously after losing hundreds of lives.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

ignominious

adjective

humiliating

discreditable

disgraceful

dishonourable

indecorous

inglorious

shameful

sorry

undignified

ignominy

[D.J.:ˈɪgnəˌmɪni:, -məni:]

[K.K.:ˈɪɡnəˌmɪni, -məni]

n.

耻辱,污辱

ignominy

ignominy
Ignominy is shame or public disgrace. (FORMAL)

- ...the ignominy of being made redundant...

- If they were caught, she would be thrown out in disgrace, dismissed with ignominy.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n/-ing
= humiliation

ignominy

noun

disgrace

discredit

dishonour

disrepute

humiliation

infamy

obloquy

shame

stigma

ignoramus

[D.J.:ˌɪgnəˈreɪməs]

[K.K.:ˌɪɡnəˈreməs]

n.

无知的人,笨蛋

ignoramus

ignoramus ignoramuses
If you describe someone as an ignoramus , you are being critical of them because they do not have the knowledge you think they ought to have. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval
= dunce

ignorance

[D.J.:ˈiɡnərəns]

[K.K.:ˈɪɡnərəns]

n.

无知, 愚昧

ignorance **

ignorance
Ignorance of something is lack of knowledge about it.

- I am beginning to feel embarrassed by my complete ignorance of non-European history.

- There is so much ignorance about mental illness.

- In my ignorance I had never heard country & western music.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of/about n

ignorance

noun

unawareness

inexperience

innocence

unconsciousness

unfamiliarity

ignorant

[D.J.:ˈiɡnərənt]

[K.K.:ˈɪɡnərənt]

adj.

无知的, 愚昧的

ignorant *

1. ignorant
If you describe someone as ignorant , you mean that they do not know things they should know. If someone is ignorant of a fact, they do not know it.

- People don't like to ask questions for fear of appearing ignorant.

- Many people are worryingly ignorant of the facts about global warming.

- ...ignorant peasants.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of/about n
= uninformed

2. ignorant
People are sometimes described as ignorant when they do something that is not polite or kind. Some people think that it is not correct to use ignorant with this meaning.

- I met some very ignorant people who called me all kinds of names.

ADJ-GRADED

ignorant

adjective

1.

uninformed

benighted

inexperienced

innocent

oblivious

unaware

unconscious

unenlightened

uninitiated

unwitting

2.

uneducated

illiterate

3.

insensitive

crass

half-baked informal

rude

ignore

[D.J.:iɡˈnɔ:]

[K.K.:ɪɡˈnɔr, -ˈnor]

vt.

不顾, 不理, 忽视

ignore ****

1. ignore ignores ignoring ignored
If you ignore someone or something, you pay no attention to them.

- She said her husband ignored her.

- The government had ignored his views on the subject.

- She ignored legal advice to drop the case.

- For two decades her theatrical talents were ignored by the film industry.

VB
= disregard

2. ignore ignores ignoring ignored
If you say that an argument or theory ignores an important aspect of a situation, you are criticizing it because it fails to consider that aspect or to take it into account.

- Such arguments ignore the question of where ultimate responsibility lay.

VB
= overlook

ignore

verb

overlook

discount

disregard

neglect

pass over

reject

take no notice of

turn a blind eye to

iguana

[D.J.:ɪˈgwɑ:nə]

[K.K.:ɪˈɡwɑnə]

n.

鬣鳞蜥(产于中美洲和南美洲)

iguana

iguana iguanas
An iguana is a type of large lizard found in America.
N-COUNT

il-

pref.

(用于l之前)表示“否定,与…相反”之义

il-

il-
Il- is added to words that begin with the letter `l' to form words with the opposite meaning.

- ...an awful illegible signature...

- He could face a charge of illegally importing weapons.

PREFIX

ilk

[ilk]

adj.

相同的

n.

家族,同类,种类

ilk

ilk
If you talk about people or things of the same ilk , you mean people or things of the same type as a person or thing that has been mentioned.

- He currently terrorises politicians and their ilk on `Newsnight'.

- Where others of his ilk have battled against drugs or drink, Gabriel's problems seem to have centred on his marriage.

N-SING: supp N
= kind

ill

[D.J.:il]

[K.K.:ɪl]

adj.

有病的, 不健康的

伤的, 受伤痛的

不好的, 坏的

恶意的, 敌意的

adv.

坏, 恶劣地

不利地, 不充分地

n.

伤害, 邪恶

困难, 不幸

ill ****

1. ill
Someone who is ill is suffering from a disease or a health problem.

- In November 1941 Payne was seriously ill with pneumonia.

- I was feeling ill.

- If damp, musty buildings make you ill, mould is probably the cause.

- Two years ago my husband was declared to be terminally ill.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= sick

2. ill ills
People who are ill in some way can be referred to as, for example, the mentally ill .

- I used to work with the mentally ill.

- She became a nun and cared for the terminally ill for the rest of her life.

N-PLURAL: the adv N

3. ill ills
Difficulties and problems are sometimes referred to as ills . (FORMAL)

- His critics maintain that he's responsible for many of Algeria's ills.

- ...various potions that would cure all ills.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp
= trouble

4. ill
Ill is evil or harm. (LITERARY)

- They say they mean you no ill.

N-UNCOUNT

5. ill
Ill means the same as `badly'. (FORMAL)

- The company's conservative instincts sit ill with competition.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

6. ill
You can use ill in front of some nouns to indicate that you are referring to something harmful or unpleasant. (FORMAL)

- She had brought ill luck into her family.

- He says that he bears no ill feelings towards Johnson.

ADJ: ADJ n
= bad

7. ill
If you say that someone can ill afford to do something, or can ill afford something, you mean that they must prevent it from happening because it would be harmful or embarrassing to them. (FORMAL)

- It's possible he won't play but I can ill afford to lose him.

- We can ill afford another scandal.

- It's an ignorance we can ill afford.

PHR: PHR to-inf, PHR n

8. ill
If something bodes ill or augurs ill , it gives you a reason to fear that something harmful might happen soon. (FORMAL)

- It's an ominous development that may bode ill for the Russian parliament.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR for n

9. ill
If you fall ill or are taken ill , you suddenly become ill.

- Shortly before Christmas, he was mysteriously taken ill.

- She fell ill with measles.

PHR: V inflects

10. ill
If you say that something is happening or will happen for good or ill , you mean that it is out of anyone's control whether it happens and what its effects will be. (FORMAL)

- Recent events should make everyone modest about saying what cannot happen there, for good or ill.

PHR: oft PHR with cl

ill

adjective

1.

unwell

ailing

diseased

indisposed

infirm

off-colour

poorly informal

sick

under the weather informal

unhealthy

2.

harmful

bad

damaging

deleterious

detrimental

evil

foul

injurious

unfortunate

noun

3.

harm

affliction

hardship

hurt

injury

misery

misfortune

trouble

unpleasantness

woe

adverb

4.

badly

inauspiciously

poorly

unfavourably

unfortunately

unluckily

5.

hardly

barely

by no means

scantily

ill-

ill-
Ill- is added to words, especially adjectives and past participles, to add the meaning `badly' or `inadequately'. For example, `ill-written' means badly written.

- `It was an amazingly ill-disciplined attack,' he said.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

I'll

I'll
I'll is the usual spoken form of `I will' or `I shall'.

- I'll be leaving town in a few weeks.

- I'll explain tomorrow morning.

ill-advised

adj.

没脑筋的,无分别的

ill-advised

ill-advised
If you describe something that someone does as ill-advised , you mean that it is not sensible or wise.

- They would be ill-advised to do this.

- She said Mr Baker's remarks had been ill-advised.

- We deplore this lamentably ill-advised decision.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf

ill-advised

adjective

misguided

foolhardy

ill-considered

ill-judged

imprudent

incautious

injudicious

rash

reckless

thoughtless

unwise

ill-bred

[D.J.:ˈɪlˈbred]

[K.K.:ˈɪlˈbrɛd]

adj.

没有教养的,没有礼貌的,粗野的

ill-bred

ill-bred
If you say that someone is ill-bred , you mean that they have bad manners.

- They seemed to her rather vulgar and ill-bred.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= uncouth

ill-conceived

[D.J.:ˈɪlkənˈsi:vd]

[K.K.:ˈɪlkənˈsivd]

adj.

构想拙劣的

ill-conceived

ill-conceived
If you describe a plan or action as ill-conceived , you mean that it is likely to fail or have bad consequences because it has not been thought about carefully enough.

- ...an ill-conceived plan to close most of the nation's coal mines.

ADJ-GRADED

ill-considered

[D.J.:ˈɪlkənˈsɪdəd]

[K.K.:ˈɪlkənˈsɪdəd]

adj.

不充分考虑的,不妥当的

ill-considered

ill-considered
If you describe something that someone says or does as ill-considered , you mean that it is not sensible or not appropriate.

- He made some ill-considered remarks about the cost.

ADJ-GRADED

ill-defined

[D.J.:ˈɪldɪˈfaɪnd]

[K.K.:ˈɪldɪˈfaɪnd]

adj.

不清楚的,欠明了的

ill-defined

ill-defined
If you describe something as ill-defined , you mean that its exact nature or extent is not as clear as it should be or could be.

- ...staff with ill-defined responsiblities.

ADJ-GRADED

ill effects

ill effects
If something has ill effects , it causes problems or damage.

- Some people are still suffering ill effects from the contamination of their water.

N-PLURAL also ill-effects .

illegal

[D.J.:iˈli:ɡəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈliɡəl]

adj.

不合法的, 违法的

illegality

[D.J.:ˌɪli:ˈgælɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌɪliˈɡælɪti]

n.

违法;不法行为

illegally

[D.J.:ɪˈli: gəlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪˈliɡəlɪ]

adv.

不法地

illegal ***

1. illegal
If something is illegal , the law says that it is not allowed.

- It is illegal to intercept radio messages.

- Birth control was illegal there until 1978.

- He has been charged with membership of an illegal organisation.

- ...illegal drugs.

- ...an illegal action.

ADJ: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
= unlawful

2. illegally

- They were yesterday convicted of illegally using a handgun.

- The previous government had acted illegally.

ADV: ADV with v

3. illegality illegalities

- There is no evidence of illegality.

N-VAR

4. illegal
Illegal immigrants or workers have travelled into a country or are working without official permission.
ADJ: ADJ n

5. illegal illegals
Illegal immigrants or workers are sometimes referred to as illegals .

- ...a clothing factory where many other illegals also worked.

N-COUNT

illegal

adjective

unlawful

banned

criminal

felonious

forbidden

illicit

outlawed

prohibited

unauthorized

unlicensed

illegality

noun

crime

felony

illegitimacy

lawlessness

wrong

illegible

[D.J.:ɪˈledʒəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɛdʒəbəl]

adj.

难辨认的;字迹模糊的

illegible

illegible
Writing that is illegible is so unclear that you cannot read it.
ADJ-GRADED

illegible

adjective

indecipherable

obscure

scrawled

unreadable

illegitimacy

[D.J.:ˌiliˈdʒitiməsi]

[K.K.:ˌɪlɪˈdʒɪtəməsi]

n.

不法,私生,反常,不合逻辑

illegitimacy

illegitimacy
Illegitimacy is the state of being born of parents who were not married to each other.

- Divorce and illegitimacy mean an estimated 51 per cent of children will grow up without a father.

N-UNCOUNT

illegitimate

[D.J.:ˌɪlɪˈdʒɪtəmɪt]

[K.K.:ˌɪlɪˈdʒɪtəmɪt]

adj.

非婚生的,私生的

法律不容的,非法的

(指辩论等的结论)不合逻辑的,不合理的

illegitimately

adv.

私生地;非法地;不合理地

illegitimate *

1. illegitimate
A person who is illegitimate was born of parents who were not married to each other.
ADJ

2. illegitimate
Illegitimate is used to describe activities and institutions that are not in accordance with the law or with accepted standards of what is right.

- He realized that, otherwise, the election would have been dismissed as illegitimate by the international community.

- They represented a ruthless and illegitimate regime that could not remain forever.

ADJ
= illegal

illegitimate

adjective

1.

unlawful

illegal

illicit

improper

unauthorized

2.

born out of wedlock

bastard

ill-equipped

ill-equipped
Someone who is ill-equipped to do something does not have the ability, the qualities, or the equipment necessary to do it.

- Universities were ill-equipped to meet the massive intake of students.

- They often leave prison ill-equipped for life and work on the outside.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf, ADJ for n

ill-fated

[D.J.:ˈɪlˈfeɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈɪlˈfetɪd]

adj.

走恶运的,注定要遭受罚的

ill-fated *

ill-fated
If you describe something as ill-fated , you mean that it ended or will end in an unsuccessful or unfortunate way.

- England's footballers are back home after their ill-fated trip to Algeria.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= doomed

ill-fated

adjective

doomed

hapless

ill-omened

ill-starred

luckless

star-crossed

unfortunate

unhappy

unlucky

ill-fitting

[D.J.:ˈɪlˈfɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɪlˈfɪtɪŋ]

adj.

不合的

ill-fitting

ill-fitting
An ill-fitting piece of clothing does not fit the person who is wearing it properly.

- He wore an ill-fitting green corduroy suit.

ADJ: ADJ n

ill-founded

[D.J.:ˈɪlˈfaʊndɪd]

[K.K.:ˈɪlˈfaʊndɪd]

adj.

无正当理由的,无确实根据的

ill-founded

ill-founded
Something that is ill-founded is not based on any proper proof or evidence.

- Suspicion and jealousy, however ill-founded, can poison a marriage.

ADJ-GRADED

ill-gotten gains

ill-gotten gains
Ill-gotten gains are things that someone has obtained in a dishonest or illegal way.

- But many leaders have invested their ill-gotten gains in several different countries.

N-PLURAL

ill health *

ill health
Someone who suffers from ill health has an illness or keeps being ill.

- He was forced to retire because of ill health.

- As a child she had suffered regular bouts of ill health.

N-UNCOUNT

illiberal

[D.J.:ɪˈlɪbərəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɪbərəl]

adj.

小心眼的,气量小的

吝啬的,小气的

illiberality

n.

illiberality

[iˌlibəˈræliti]

n.

吝啬,小气

illiberal

illiberal
If you describe someone or something as illiberal , you are critical of them because they do not allow or approve of much freedom or choice of action.

- ...the sort of illiberal legislation which could only be justified by a serious emergency...

- His views are markedly illiberal.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

illicit

[D.J.:ɪˈlɪsɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɪsɪt]

adj.

法律不许可的, 非法的

不正当的

illicit *

illicit
An illicit activity or substance is not allowed by law or the social customs of a country.

- Dante clearly condemns illicit love.

- ...information about the use of illicit drugs.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

illicit

adjective

1.

illegal

criminal

felonious

illegitimate

prohibited

unauthorized

unlawful

unlicensed

2.

forbidden

clandestine

furtive

guilty

immoral

improper

illiteracy

[D.J.:ɪˈlɪtərəsi:]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɪtərəsi]

n.

文盲,无知,缺乏教育

illiteracy

illiteracy
Illiteracy is the state of not knowing how to read or write.
N-UNCOUNT

illiterate

[D.J.:ɪˈlɪtərɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɪtərɪt]

adj.

目不识丁的,文盲的

n.

目不识丁者,文盲

illiterateness

n.

文盲,无知

illiterate *

1. illiterate
Someone who is illiterate does not know how to read or write.

- A large percentage of the population is illiterate.

ADJ

2. illiterate illiterates
An illiterate is someone who is illiterate.

- ...an educational centre for illiterates.

N-COUNT

3. illiterate
If you describe someone as musically, technologically, or economically illiterate , you mean that they do not know much about music, technology, or economics.

- Many senior managers are technologically illiterate.

ADJ: usu adv ADJ

illiterate

adjective

uneducated

ignorant

uncultured

untaught

untutored

ill-mannered

[D.J.:ˈɪlˈmænəd]

[K.K.:ˈɪlˈmænəd]

adj.

态度恶劣的,粗野的

ill-mannered

ill-mannered
If you describe someone as ill-mannered , you are critical of them because they are impolite or rude. (FORMAL)

- ...this rude, ill-mannered individual who assumes he has the force of the law behind him...

- Chantal would have considered it ill-mannered to show surprise.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ well-mannered

ill-mannered

adjective

rude

badly behaved

boorish

churlish

discourteous

impolite

insolent

loutish

uncouth

illness

[D.J.:ˈilnis]

[K.K.:ˈɪlnɪs]

n.

病, 疾病

illness ***

1. illness
Illness is the fact or experience of being ill.

- If your child shows any signs of illness, take her to the doctor.

- Mental illness is still a taboo subject.

N-UNCOUNT

2. illness illnesses
An illness is a particular disease such as measles or pneumonia.

- She returned to her family home to recover from an illness.

N-COUNT

illness

noun

disease

affliction

ailment

disorder

infirmity

malady

sickness

illogical

[D.J.:ɪˈlɔdʒɪkəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈlɑdʒɪkəl]

adj.

没有道理的,不合逻辑的

与逻辑相违的

illogicality

n.

没有道理,不合逻辑

illogically

adv.

没有道理地,不合逻辑地

illogicality

[ˈilɔdʒiˈkæliti]

n.

矛盾

illogically

adv.

不合逻辑地

illogical *

1. illogical
If you describe an action, feeling, or belief as illogical , you are critical of it because you think that it does not result from a logical and ordered way of thinking.

- It is illogical to oppose the repatriation of economic migrants.

- She may think your reaction is crazy or illogical, but she cannot deny what you are feeling.

- ...his completely illogical arguments.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf disapproval
= irrational unreasonable

2. illogically

- Illogically, I felt guilty.

ADV-GRADED

illogical

adjective

irrational

absurd

inconsistent

invalid

meaningless

senseless

unreasonable

unscientific

unsound

ill-prepared

ill-prepared
If you are ill-prepared for something, you have not made the correct preparations for it, for example because you are not expecting it to happen.

- The government was ill-prepared for the problems it now faces.

- It was ill-prepared to meet this challenge.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ for n, ADJ to-inf

ill-starred

[D.J.:ˈilˈstɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈɪlˈstɑrd]

adj.

运气不佳的,不幸的

ill-starred

ill-starred
If you describe something or someone as ill-starred , you mean that they were unlucky or unsuccessful. (LITERARY)

- ...an ill-starred attempt to create jobs in Northern Ireland.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

ill-tempered

[D.J.:ˈɪlˈtempəd]

[K.K.:ˈɪlˈtɛmpəd]

adj.

脾气暴躁的

ill-tempered

ill-tempered
If you describe someone as ill-tempered , you mean they are angry or hostile, and you may be implying that this is unreasonable. (FORMAL)

- He sounded like an ill-tempered child.

- It was a day of tense and often ill-tempered debate.

ADJ-GRADED

ill-timed

[D.J.:ˈɪlˈtaɪmd]

[K.K.:ˈɪlˈtaɪmd]

adj.

不合时的,失去机会的

ill-timed

ill-timed
If you describe something as ill-timed , you mean that it happens or is done at the wrong time, so that it is damaging or rude.

- Congressman Rostenkowski argued that the tax cut was ill-timed.

ADJ-GRADED
= inopportune

ill-treat

[D.J.:ˈɪlˈtri:t]

[K.K.:ˈɪlˈtrit]

vt.

虐待

ill-treat

ill-treat ill-treats ill-treating ill-treated
If someone ill-treats you, they treat you badly or cruelly.

- They thought Mr Smith had been ill-treating his wife.

- They said they had not been ill-treated but that their time in captivity had been miserable.

VB
= mistreat abuse

ill-treat

verb

abuse

damage

harm

injure

maltreat

mishandle

misuse

oppress

ill-treatment

ill-treatment
Ill-treatment is harsh or cruel treatment.

- In spite of our worldwide campaign, ill-treatment of animals remains commonplace.

- The victims had either died as a result of their ill-treatment or had been left crippled.

N-UNCOUNT
= abuse

illuminate

[D.J.:iˈlju:mineit]

[K.K.:ɪˈluməˌnet]

vt.

使明亮; 照亮

装饰

说明, 阐明

illuminated

[D.J.:ɪˈljʊmɪneɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ɪˈlʊməˌnetɪd]

adj.

被照明的;发光的

(书籍等)用鲜明图案装饰的

illuminating

[D.J.:ɪˈlju:mɪˌneɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ɪˈlumɪˌnetɪŋ]

adj.

富于启发的

illuminate *

1. illuminate illuminates illuminating illuminated
To illuminate something means to shine light on it and to make it brighter and more visible. (FORMAL)

- No streetlights illuminated the street.

- The black sky was illuminated by forked lightning.

VB
= illumine

2. illuminate illuminates illuminating illuminated
If you illuminate something that is unclear or difficult to understand, you make it clearer by explaining it carefully or giving information about it. (FORMAL)

- Instead of formulas and charts, the two instructors use games and drawings to illuminate their subject.

VB
= clarify

3. illuminating

- It is illuminating to compare how different sections of the national press have treated the story.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

illuminated *

1. illuminated
Something that is illuminated is lit up, usually by electric lighting.

- ...an illuminated sign...

- Much of the ancient city is illuminated at night.

ADJ

2. illuminated
Illuminated manuscripts, books, and official documents have brightly coloured drawings and designs round the writing.

- ...illuminated manuscripts from the 12th to 16th century.

ADJ: ADJ n
= illustrated

illuminate

verb

1.

light up

brighten

2.

explain

clarify

clear up

elucidate

enlighten

interpret

make clear

shed light on

illuminating

adjective

informative

enlightening

explanatory

helpful

instructive

revealing

illumination

[D.J.:ɪˌlu:məˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˌluməˈneʃən]

n.

照明;强度

<物>照度

阐明；解释；启发

(-s)彩灯,灯饰

illumination *

1. illumination
Illumination is the lighting that a place has. (FORMAL)

- The only illumination came from a small window high in the opposite wall.

N-UNCOUNT

2. illumination illuminations
Illuminations are coloured lights which are put up in towns, especially at Christmas, in order to make them look attractive, especially at night. (mainly BRIT)

- ...the famous Blackpool illuminations.

N-PLURAL

3. illumination
You can use illumination to describe an increased understanding of something, especially something of a religious or spiritual nature. (FORMAL)

- ...a sense of illumination...

- No further illumination can be had from this theory.

N-UNCOUNT
= enlightenment

illumination

noun

1.

light

brightness

lighting

radiance

2.

enlightenment

clarification

insight

revelation

illumine

[D.J.:iˈlju:min]

[K.K.:ɪˈlumɪn]

vt.

照亮, 照明

启发

illumine

illumine illumines illumining illumined
To illumine something means the same as to illuminate it. (LITERARY)

- The interchange of ideas illumines the debate.

- By night, the perimeter wire was illumined by lights.

VB

illusion

[D.J.:iˈlju:ʒən]

[K.K.:ɪˈluʒən]

n.

错觉, 幻想, 错误观念

假象

illusion **

1. illusion illusions
An illusion is a false idea or belief.

- Do not have any illusions that an industrial tribunal will right all employment wrongs.

- No one really has any illusions about winning the war.

N-VAR: oft N that, N of n/-ing
= delusion

2. illusion illusions
An illusion is something that appears to exist or be a particular thing but does not actually exist or is in reality something else.

- Floor-to-ceiling windows can look stunning, giving the illusion of extra height.

- This eerie calm is an illusion.

N-COUNT: oft N of n/-ing

illusion

noun

1.

fantasy

chimera

daydream

figment of the imagination

hallucination

mirage

will-o'-the-wisp

2.

misconception

deception

delusion

error

fallacy

misapprehension

illusionist

[D.J.:iiˈlu:ʒənəst]

[K.K.:ɪˈluʒənɪst]

n.

魔术师

illusionist

illusionist illusionists
An illusionist is a performer who makes it seem that strange or impossible things are happening, for example that a person has disappeared or been cut in half.
N-COUNT

illusory

[D.J.:ɪˈlu:səri:, -zəri:]

[K.K.:ɪˈlusəri, -zəri]

adj.

<正>貌似真实的;虚幻的

illusory

illusory
If you describe something as illusory , you mean that although it seems true or possible, it is in fact false or impossible.

- Universalists argue that freedom is illusory.

- ...the illusory nature of nationhood.

ADJ-GRADED

illusory

adjective

unreal

chimerical

deceptive

delusive

fallacious

false

hallucinatory

mistaken

sham

illustrate

[D.J.:ˈiləstreit]

[K.K.:ˈɪləˌstret, ɪˈlʌsˌtret]

vt.

给…加插图

说明, 阐明; 表明

illustrated

[ˈiləstreitid]

n.

有插画的报章杂志

adj.

有插图的

illustration

[D.J.:ˌɪləˈstreiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪləˈstreʃən]

n.

插图, 图表, 图案

例证, 实例

说明, 图解, 图示

illustrate ***

1. illustrate illustrates illustrating illustrated
If you say that something illustrates a situation that you are drawing attention to, you mean that it shows that the situation exists.

- The example of the United States illustrates this point.

- This change is neatly illustrated by what has happened to the Arab League.

- The incident graphically illustrates how parlous their position is.

- The case also illustrates that some women are now trying to fight back.

VB
= demonstrate exemplify

2. illustrate illustrates illustrating illustrated
If you use an example, story, or diagram to illustrate a point, you use it show that what you are saying is true or to make your meaning clearer.

- Let me give another example to illustrate this difficult point.

- Throughout, she illustrates her analysis with excerpts from discussions.

VB

3. illustration

- Here, by way of illustration, are some extracts from our new catalogue.

N-UNCOUNT: usu prep N

4. illustrate illustrates illustrating illustrated
If you illustrate a book, you put pictures, photographs or diagrams into it.

- She went on to art school and is now illustrating a book.

- He has illustrated the book with black-and-white photographs.

VB

5. illustrated

- The book is beautifully illustrated throughout.

ADJ-GRADED

6. illustration

- ...the world of children's book illustration.

N-UNCOUNT

illustration ***

1. illustration illustrations
An illustration is an example or a story which is used to make a point clear.

- An illustration of China's dynamism is that a new company is formed in Shanghai every 11 seconds.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. illustration illustrations
An illustration in a book is a picture, design, or diagram.

- She looked like a princess in a nineteenth-century illustration.

N-COUNT

illustrate

verb

demonstrate

bring home

elucidate

emphasize

explain

point up

show

illustrated

adjective

pictorial

decorated

graphic

illustration

noun

1.

example

case

instance

specimen

2.

picture

decoration

figure

plate

sketch

illustrative

[D.J.:ɪˈlʌstrətɪv, ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪv]

[K.K.:ɪˈlʌstrətɪv, ˈɪləˌstretɪv]

adj.

用作说明的,解说性的

illustratively

adv.

用作说明地,解说性地

illustrative

illustrative
If you use something as an illustrative example, or for illustrative purposes, you use it to show that what you are saying is true or to make your meaning clearer. (FORMAL)

- A second illustrative example was taken from The Observer newspaper.

- The following excerpt is illustrative of her interaction with students.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of n
= explanatory

illustrator

[D.J.:ˈiləstreitə]

n.

插图画家

illustrator

illustrator illustrators
An illustrator is an artist who draws pictures and diagrams for books and magazines.
N-COUNT

illustrious

[D.J.:ɪˈlʌstri:əs]

[K.K.:ɪˈlʌstriəs]

adj.

著名的, 杰出的, 卓越的

illustrious *

illustrious
If you describe someone as an illustrious person, you mean that they are extremely well known because they have a high position in society or they have done something impressive.

- ...the most illustrious scientists of the century.

- ...his long and illustrious career.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= distinguished

illustrious

adjective

famous

celebrated

distinguished

eminent

glorious

great

notable

prominent

renowned

ill will

ill will
Ill will is unfriendly or hostile feelings that you have towards someone.

- He didn't bear anyone any ill will.

- All this has created considerable ill-will towards the armed forces.

N-UNCOUNT also ill-will .
= animosity

ill will

noun

hostility

animosity

bad blood

dislike

enmity

hatred

malice

rancour

resentment

venom

ill wind

ill wind
You can describe an unfortunate event as an ill wind if someone benefits from it. The expression occurs in the proverb `It's an ill wind that blows nobody any good'.

- But it's an ill wind; I recovered and married one of my nurses from that hospital.

N-SING: usu a N

im-

[D.J.:aɪm]

[K.K.:aɪm]

pref.

(用于b,m,p之前)表示“否定,与…相反”之义

im-

im-
Im- is added to words that begin with `m', `p', or `b' to form words with the opposite meaning.

- He implied that we were emotionally immature.

- Don't stare at me -- it's impolite!.

- The illness is triggered by a chemical imbalance in the brain.

PREFIX

I'm

I'm
I'm is the usual spoken form of `I am'.

- I'm sorry.

- I'm already late for my next appointment.

- I'm going out with an old friend.

image

[D.J.:ˈimidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈɪmɪdʒ]

n.

形象, 概念

镜像, 影像, 图像

印象

酷似的人[物], 翻版

比喻, 引喻, 明喻

外形, 外表, 模样

image ****

1. image images
If you have an image of something or someone, you have a picture or idea of them in your mind.

- The image of art theft as a gentleman's crime is outdated.

- The words `Cote d'Azur' conjure up images of sunny days in Mediterranean cafes.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. image images
The image of a person, group, or organization is the way that they appear to other people.

- The Prime Minister knows that his personal image is his greatest political asset.

- He has cultivated the image of an elder statesman.

- The tobacco industry has been trying to improve its image.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

3. image images
An image is a picture of someone or something. (FORMAL)

- ...photographic images of young children...

- A computer in the machine creates an image on the screen.

N-COUNT

4. image images
An image is a poetic description of something. (FORMAL)

- The natural images in the poem are meant to be suggestive of realities beyond themselves.

N-COUNT

5. image
If you are the image of someone else, you look very much like them.

- Marianne's son was the image of his father.

PHR: V inflects

image

noun

1.

representation

effigy

figure

icon

idol

likeness

picture

portrait

statue

2.

replica

counterpart

(dead) ringer slang

Doppelgänger

double

facsimile

spitting image informal

3.

concept

idea

impression

mental picture

perception

imagery

[D.J.:ˈɪmɪdʒri:]

[K.K.:ˈɪmɪdʒri]

n.

形象化的描述, 意象

像, 画像, 塑像, 雕像, 偶像(总称)

imagery *

1. imagery
You can refer to the descriptions in something such as a poem or song, and the pictures they create in your mind, as its imagery . (FORMAL)

- ...the nature imagery of the ballad.

N-UNCOUNT

2. imagery
You can refer to pictures and representations of things as imagery , especially when they act as symbols. (FORMAL)

- This is an ambitious and intriguing movie, full of striking imagery.

N-UNCOUNT

imaginable

[D.J.:ɪˈmædʒənəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈmædʒənəbəl]

adj.

可想像的;想像得到的

imaginable *

1. imaginable
You use imaginable after a superlative such as `best' or `worst' to emphasize that something is extreme in some way.

- ...their imprisonment under some of the most horrible circumstances imaginable...

- He could not disguise that he had had the worst imaginable day for any minister.

ADJ: adj-superl n ADJ, adj-superl ADJ n emphasis
= conceivable

2. imaginable
You use imaginable after a word like `every' or `all' to emphasize that you are talking about all the possible examples of something. You use imaginable after `no' to emphasize that something does not have the quality mentioned.

- ...all of the other imaginable ramifications of this technology...

- Parents encourage every activity imaginable.

- ...a place of no imaginable strategic value.

ADJ: ADJ n, n ADJ emphasis
= possible

imaginable

adjective

possible

believable

comprehensible

conceivable

credible

likely

plausible

imaginary

[D.J.:iˈmædʒinəri]

[K.K.:ɪˈmædʒəˌnɛri]

adj.

想像中的, 假想的, 虚构的

imaginary *

imaginary
An imaginary person, place, or thing exists only in your mind or in a story, and not in real life.

- Lots of children have imaginary friends.

- ...creating an imaginary world.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

imaginary

adjective

fictional

fictitious

hypothetical

illusory

imagined

invented

made-up

nonexistent

unreal

imagination

[D.J.:iˌmædʒiˈneiʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˌmædʒəˈneʃən]

n.

想像力

空想, 想像

想像出来的东西, 幻想物

imagination ***

1. imagination imaginations
Your imagination is the ability that you have to form pictures or ideas in your mind of things that are new and exciting, or things that you have not experienced.

- Antonia is a woman with a vivid imagination.

- Alistair had a logical mind, and little imagination.

- The Government approach displays a lack of imagination.

N-VAR

2. imagination imaginations
Your imagination is the part of your mind which allows you to form pictures or ideas of things that do not necessarily exist in real life.

- Long before I ever went there, Africa was alive in my imagination.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= mind's eye

3. imagination
If you say that someone or something captured your imagination , you mean that you thought they were interesting or exciting when you saw them or heard them for the first time.

- Italian football captured the imagination of the nation last season.

PHR: V inflects
= fascinate

4. imagination
If you say that something stretches your imagination , you mean that it is good because it makes you think about things that you had not thought about before.

- Their films are exciting and really stretch the imagination.

PHR: V inflects approval

imagination

noun

1.

creativity

enterprise

ingenuity

invention

inventiveness

originality

resourcefulness

vision

2.

unreality

illusion

supposition

imaginative

[D.J.:iˈmædʒinətiv]

[K.K.:ɪˈmædʒənətɪv, -ˌnetɪv]

adj.

富于想像力的; 运用想像力的

imaginatively

adv.

想象上地

imaginative **

1. imaginative
If you describe someone or their ideas as imaginative , you are praising them because they are easily able to think of or create new or exciting things.

- ...an imaginative writer.

- ...hundreds of cooking ideas and imaginative recipes...

- They should adopt a more imaginative approach and investigate alternative uses for their property.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= inventive ≠ unimaginative

2. imaginatively

- The hotel is decorated imaginatively and attractively.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

imaginative

adjective

creative

clever

enterprising

ingenious

inspired

inventive

original

imagine

[D.J.:iˈmædʒin]

[K.K.:ɪˈmædʒɪn]

vt.

想像, 设想

料想, 猜想

想

imagines

[D.J.:iˈmeidʒini:z]

[K.K.:ɪˈmeɡəˌniz]

n.

意象,成虫(imago 的复数)

imagine ****

1. imagine imagines imagining imagined
If you imagine something, you think about it and your mind forms a picture or idea of it.

- He could not imagine a more peaceful scene.

- She couldn't imagine living in a place like that.

- Can you imagine how she must have felt when Mary Brent turned up with me in tow?.

- Imagine you're lying on a beach, listening to the steady rhythm of waves lapping the shore.

- I can't imagine you being unfair to anyone, Leigh.

VB
= picture

2. imagine imagines imagining imagined
If you imagine that something is the case, you think that it is the case.

- I imagine you're referring to Jean-Paul Sartre.

- We tend to imagine that the Victorians were very prim and proper.

- `Was he meeting someone?' --- `I imagine so.'

VB
= suppose

3. imagine imagines imagining imagined
If you imagine something, you think that you have seen, heard, or experienced that thing, although actually you have not.

- Looking back on it now, I realised that I must have imagined the whole thing.

VB
= dream

imagine

verb

1.

envisage

conceive

conceptualize

conjure up

picture

plan

think of

think up

visualize

2.

believe

assume

conjecture

fancy

guess informal chiefly U.S. & Canad.

infer

suppose

surmise

suspect

take it

think

imaging

[D.J.:iˈmædʒiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɪmɪdʒɪŋ]

n.

成像

imaging *

imaging
Imaging is the process of forming images that represent things such as sound waves, temperature, chemicals, or electrical activity. (TECHNICAL)

- Police and firemen were last night using thermal imaging cameras in a hunt for two missing children.

N-UNCOUNT

imaginings

imaginings
Imaginings are things that you think you have seen or heard, although actually you have not. (LITERARY)
N-PLURAL

imam

[D.J.:iˈmɑ:m]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɑm]

n.

伊玛目(清真寺内率领伊斯兰教徒做礼拜的人)

imam *

imam imams
In Islam, an imam is a religious leader, especially the leader of a Muslim community or the person who leads the prayers in a mosque.
N-COUNT

IMAX

IMAX
IMAX is a system for showing films on very large screens with very clear sound and pictures. (TRADEMARK)

- ...a new IMAX cinema.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

imbalance

[D.J.:ɪmˈbæləns]

[K.K.:ɪmˈbæləns]

n.

不平衡,不均衡,失调

imbalance *

imbalance imbalances
If there is an imbalance in a situation, the things involved are not the same size, or are not the right size in proportion to each other.

- ...the imbalance between the two sides in this war.

- ...an international strategy to reduce trade imbalances.

N-VAR: oft N in/between pl-n
= inequity

imbalanced

imbalanced
If you describe a situation as imbalanced , you mean that the elements within it are not evenly or fairly arranged.

- ...a markedly imbalanced geographical distribution of immigrants.

- ...the present imbalanced structure of world trade.

ADJ-GRADED
= uneven

imbecile

[D.J.:ˈɪmbəsɪl, -səl]

[K.K.:ˈɪmbəsɪl, -səl]

n.

低能者, 傻瓜

imbecile

1. imbecile imbeciles
If you call someone an imbecile , you are showing that you think they are stupid or have done something stupid.

- I don't want to deal with these imbeciles any longer.

N-COUNT disapproval
= idiot

2. imbecile
Imbecile means stupid.

- It was an imbecile thing to do.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. imbecile imbeciles
In the past, people who had something wrong with their brains that made them seem less intelligent, or different from other people, were sometimes called imbeciles . (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

imbecile

noun

1.

idiot

chump

cretin

fool

halfwit

moron

numbskull or numskull

thickhead

twit informal chiefly Brit.

adjective

2.

stupid

asinine

fatuous

feeble-minded

foolish

idiotic

moronic

thick

witless

imbibe

[D.J.:ɪmˈbaɪb]

[K.K.:ɪmˈbaɪb]

vt.

喝, 饮

吸取

吸收, 接受

吸气

imbibing

吸液

imbibe

1. imbibe imbibes imbibing imbibed
To imbibe alcohol means to drink it. (FORMAL, OFTEN HUMOROUS)

- They were used to imbibing enormous quantities of alcohol.

- No one believes that current nondrinkers should be encouraged to start imbibing.

VB

2. imbibe imbibes imbibing imbibed
If you imbibe ideas or arguments, you listen to them, accept them, and believe that they are right or true. (FORMAL)

- As a clergyman's son he'd imbibed a set of mystical beliefs from the cradle.

VB
= absorb

imbibe

verb

1.

drink

consume

knock back informal

quaff

sink informal

swallow

swig informal

2.

absorb

acquire

assimilate

gain

gather

ingest

receive

take in

imbroglio

[D.J.:ɪmˈbrəʊljəʊ]

[K.K.:ɪmˈbroljo]

n.

一团糟,错综复杂的局面

imbroglio

imbroglio imbroglios
An imbroglio is a very confusing or complicated situation. (LITERARY)
N-COUNT: usu with supp

imbroglio

noun Literary

complication

embarrassment

entanglement

involvement

misunderstanding

quandary

imbue

[D.J.:ɪmˈbju:]

[K.K.:ɪmˈbju]

vt.

使(某人/某事)充满或激起(感情等)

imbue sb/sth with sth

使充满，灌输，激发(强烈感情或品质等)

imbue *

1. imbue imbues imbuing imbued
If someone or something is imbued with an idea, feeling, or quality, they become filled with it. (FORMAL)

- As you listen, you notice how every single word is imbued with a breathless sense of wonder.

- ...men who can imbue their hearers with enthusiasm.

VB
= infuse

2. imbued

- ...a Guards officer imbued with a military sense of duty and loyalty.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with n

IMF

abbr.

International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织

IMF

abbr.

International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织

IMF **

IMF
The IMF is an international agency which tries to promote trade and improve economic conditions in poorer countries, sometimes by lending them money. IMF is an abbreviation for `International Monetary Fund'.
N-PROPER: the N

imitate

[D.J.:ˈimiteit]

[K.K.:ˈɪmɪˌtet]

vt.

模仿

把…作为例子

imitated

adj.

模仿的,效法的,假冒的

imitating

模仿,效法,冒充

imitate *

1. imitate imitates imitating imitated
If you imitate someone, you copy what they do or produce.

- ...a genuine German musical which does not try to imitate the American model.

- ...a precedent which may be imitated by other activists in the future.

VB

2. imitate imitates imitating imitated
If you imitate a person or animal, you copy the way they speak or behave, usually because you are trying to be funny.

- Clarence screws up his face and imitates the Colonel again.

VB
= mimic

imitate

verb

copy

ape

echo

emulate

follow

mimic

mirror

repeat

simulate

imitation

[D.J.:ˌɪmiˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪmɪˈteʃən]

n.

模仿, 仿效

仿制品, 伪造物

imitation *

1. imitation imitations
An imitation of something is a copy of it.

- ...the most accurate imitation of Chinese architecture in Europe.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. imitation
Imitation means copying someone else's actions.

- They discussed important issues in imitation of their elders.

- Molly learned her golf by imitation.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N of n

3. imitation
Imitation things are not genuine but are made to look as if they are.

- ...a complete set of Dickens bound in imitation leather.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. imitation imitations
If someone does an imitation of another person, they copy the way they speak or behave, sometimes in order to be funny.

- He gave his imitation of Queen Elizabeth's royal wave.

- I could do a pretty good imitation of him.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= impression

imitation

noun

1.

mimicry

counterfeiting

duplication

likeness

resemblance

simulation

2.

replica

fake

forgery

impersonation

impression

reproduction

sham

substitution

adjective

3.

artificial

dummy

ersatz

man-made

mock

phoney or phony informal

reproduction

sham

simulated

synthetic

imitative

[D.J.:ˈɪmɪˌteɪtɪv]

[K.K.:ˈɪmɪˌtetɪv]

adj.

模仿的,仿效的

imitatively

adv.

模仿地,仿效地

imitative

imitative
People and animals who are imitative copy others' behaviour.

- Babies of eight to twelve months are generally highly imitative.

ADJ-GRADED

imitative

adjective

derivative

copycat informal

mimetic

parrot-like

second-hand

simulated

unoriginal

imitator

[ˈimiˌteitə]

n.

模仿者,仿效者

imitators

模仿者

imitator

imitator imitators
An imitator is someone who copies what someone else does, or copies the way they speak or behave.

- He doesn't take chances; that's why he's survived and most of his imitators haven't.

- ...a group of Elvis imitators.

N-COUNT

imitator

noun

impersonator

copier

copycat informal

impressionist

mimic

parrot

immaculate

[D.J.:ɪˈmækjəlɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˈmækjəlɪt]

adj.

整洁的, 无污迹的

精确的, 无误的

immaculately

[D.J.:ɪˈmækjʊlɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪˈmækjəlɪtlɪ]

adv.

干净地;纯洁地

完美地;毫无过失地;无瑕疵地

immaculate *

1. immaculate
If you describe something as immaculate , you mean that it is extremely clean, tidy, or neat.

- Her front room was kept immaculate.

- ...the waiter, dressed in immaculate bow tie and suit...

- The 1979 Chevrolet is in immaculate condition.

ADJ-GRADED
= spotless

2. immaculately

- As always he was immaculately dressed.

ADV-GRADED

3. immaculate
If you say that something is immaculate , you are emphasizing that it is perfect, without any mistakes or bad parts at all.

- ...goalkeeper Peter Schmeichel, who was immaculate under first-half pressure.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= flawless

4. immaculately

- The orchestra plays immaculately.

- It is difficult to praise this immaculately researched work too highly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

immaculate

adjective

1.

clean

neat

spick-and-span

spotless

spruce

squeaky-clean

2.

flawless

above reproach

faultless

impeccable

perfect

unblemished

unexceptionable

untarnished

immanence

[ˈimənəns]

n.

内在,固有,(上帝的)无所不在(基督教认为上帝普遍存在于宇宙之中)

immanent

[D.J.:ˈɪmənənt]

[K.K.:ˈɪmənənt]

adj.

(指特性)天生的,内在的

(指上帝)无处不在的

immanence

n.

天生,固有

immanent

immanent
If you say that a quality is immanent in a particular thing, you mean that the thing has that quality, and cannot exist or be imagined without it. (FORMAL)

- ...a radical analysis of hierarchy as the immanent principle of Western society...

- God is immanent in the world.

ADJ

immaterial

[D.J.:ˌɪməˈtɪəri:əl]

[K.K.:ˌɪməˈtɪriəl]

adj.

不重要的, 不相干的

非物质的, 无形的

immaterial *

immaterial
If you say that something is immaterial , you mean that it is not important or not relevant.

- Whether we like him or not is immaterial.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
= irrelevant

immaterial

adjective

irrelevant

extraneous

inconsequential

inessential

insignificant

of no importance

trivial

unimportant

immature

[D.J.:ˌɪməˈtjʊə, -ˈtʊə, -ˈtʃʊə]

[K.K.:ˌɪməˈtjʊr, -ˈtʊr, -ˈtʃʊr]

adj.

(行为或控制感情)不成熟的

未充分成长的,发育未完全的

immaturely

adv.

不成熟地

immaturity

n.

不成熟;未充分成长

immaturity

n.

未成熟,粗糙,未臻完美

immature *

1. immature
Something or someone that is immature is not yet completely grown or fully developed.

- The birds were in immature plumage.

- She is emotionally immature.

ADJ

2. immaturity

- In spite of some immaturity in the figure drawing and painting, it showed real imagination.

N-UNCOUNT

3. immature
If you describe someone as immature , you are being critical of them because they do not behave in a sensible or responsible way.

- ...grossly immature drivers who flout the rules of the road...

- She's just being childish and immature.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

4. immaturity

- ...his immaturity and lack of social skills.

N-UNCOUNT

immature

adjective

1.

young

adolescent

undeveloped

unformed

unripe

2.

childish

callow

inexperienced

infantile

juvenile

puerile

immaturity

noun

1.

unripeness

greenness

imperfection

rawness

unpreparedness

2.

childishness

callowness

inexperience

puerility

immeasurable

[D.J.:ɪˈmeʒərəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɛʒərəbəl]

adj.

无法计量的,无限的

immeasurably

adv.

immeasurably

adv.

不能测量地,无限制地

immeasurable

immeasurable
If you describe something as immeasurable , you are emphasizing how great it is. (FORMAL)

- I felt an immeasurable love for him.

- His contribution is immeasurable, almost impossible to put into words.

ADJ emphasis

immeasurably

immeasurably
You use immeasurably to emphasize the degree or extent of a process or quality. (FORMAL)

- They have improved immeasurably since the arrival of their Australian coach last November.

- The situation today is immeasurably more acute than it was 25 years ago.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj emphasis
= infinitely

immediacy

[D.J.:ɪˈmi:dɪəsɪ]

[K.K.:ɪˈmidɪəsɪ]

n.

直接(性)；即时(性)；<哲>直觉性

迫切需要的事物

immediacy

immediacy
The immediacy of an event or situation is the quality that it has which makes it seem important or exciting because it is happening at the present time.

- Do they understand the severity and the immediacy of the crisis that's facing timber workers?.

- The books that result have intensity and a fascinating immediacy, far beyond that of ordinary narrative.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

immediate

[D.J.:iˈmi:diət]

[K.K.:ɪˈmidiɪt]

adj.

立即的, 即刻的; 紧迫的

目前的, 当前的

直接的

最接近的

immediate ***

1. immediate
An immediate result, action, or reaction happens or is done without any delay.

- These tragic incidents have had an immediate effect.

- My immediate reaction was just disgust.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= instant

2. immediate
Immediate needs and concerns exist at the present time and must be dealt with quickly.

- Relief agencies say the immediate problem is not a lack of food, but transportation.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= pressing

3. immediate
The immediate person or thing comes just before or just after another person or thing in a sequence.

- In the immediate aftermath of the riots, a mood of hope and reconciliation sprang up.

- His immediate superior, General Geichenko, had singled him out for special mention.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. immediate
You use immediate to describe an area or position that is next to or very near a particular place or person.

- Only a handful had returned to work in the immediate vicinity.

- I was seated at Sauter's immediate left.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. immediate
Your immediate family are the members of your family who are most closely related to you, for example your parents, children, brothers, and sisters.

- The presence of his immediate family is obviously having a calming effect on him.

ADJ: ADJ n
= close

immediate

adjective

1.

instant

instantaneous

2.

nearest

close

direct

near

next

immediately

[D.J.:iˈmi:diətli]

[K.K.:ɪˈmidiɪtli]

adv.

立即, 马上

直接地

immediately ****

1. immediately
If something happens immediately , it happens without any delay.

- He immediately flung himself to the floor.

- Ingrid answered Peter's letter immediately.

ADV: ADV with v
= at once

2. immediately
If something is immediately obvious, it can be seen or understood without any delay.

- The cause of the accident was not immediately apparent.

ADV: ADV adj
= instantly

3. immediately
Immediately is used to indicate that someone or something is closely and directly involved in a situation.

- The man immediately responsible for this misery is the province's governor.

- We had the people immediately concerned in the plot.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

4. immediately
Immediately is used to emphasize that something comes next, or is next to something else.

- They wish to begin immediately after dinner.

- She always sits immediately behind the driver.

- Immediately to our right the old German summer resort was awakening.

ADV: ADV prep/adj
= directly

5. immediately
If one thing happens immediately something else happens, it happens after that event, without any delay. (mainly BRIT)

- Immediately I've done it I feel completely disgusted with myself.

CONJ-SUBORD
= as soon as

immediately

adverb

at once

directly

forthwith

instantly

now

promptly

right away

straight away

this instant

without delay

immemorial

[D.J.:ˌɪməˈmɔ:ri:əl, -ˈməʊr-]

[K.K.:ˌɪməˈmɔriəl, -ˈmor-]

adj.

无法追忆的,远古的

immemorial

1. immemorial
If you say that something has been happening since time immemorial or from time immemorial , you are emphasizing that it has been happening for many centuries. (LITERARY)

- It has remained virtually unchanged since time immemorial.

- From time immemorial there has been the belief that there are good and bad places to be.

PHR emphasis

2. immemorial
You use immemorial to indicate that something has existed for many centuries. (LITERARY)

- ...a modern version of an immemorial myth.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= ancient

immense

[D.J.:iˈmens]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɛns]

adj.

极大的, 巨大的

immensity

[D.J.:ɪˈmensɪti:]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɛnsɪti]

n.

无限;广大;巨大

immense **

1. immense
If you describe something as immense , you mean that it is extremely large or great.

- ...an immense cloud of smoke...

- With immense relief I stopped running.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= enormous

2. immensity

- The immensity of the universe is difficult to grasp.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

immense

adjective

huge

colossal

enormous

extensive

gigantic

great

massive

monumental

stupendous

tremendous

vast

immensity

noun

size

bulk

enormity

expanse

extent

greatness

hugeness

magnitude

vastness

immensely

[D.J.:iˈmensli]

adv.

非常, 极大地

immensely *

immensely
You use immensely to emphasize the degree or extent of a quality, feeling, or process.

- Wind surfing can be strenuous but immensely exciting.

- I enjoyed this movie immensely.

ADV: usu ADV adj, also ADV after v emphasis
= enormously

immerse

[D.J.:iˈmə:s]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɚs]

vt.

使浸入

使沉浸于; 使深陷于

immersed

[iˈmə:st]

adj.

浸入的,沉入的;沉思的

immerse *

1. immerse immerses immersing immersed
If you immerse yourself in something that you are doing, you become completely involved in it.

- Their commitments do not permit them to immerse themselves in current affairs as fully as they might wish.

VB
= engross

2. immersed

- He's really becoming immersed in his work.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ in n

3. immerse immerses immersing immersed
If something is immersed in a liquid, someone puts it into the liquid so that it is completely covered.

- The electrodes are immersed in liquid.

VB: usu passive
= submerged

immerse

verb

1.

plunge

bathe

dip

douse

duck

dunk

sink

submerge

2.

engross

absorb

busy

engage

involve

occupy

take up

immersion

[D.J.:ɪˈmɜ:ʒən, -ʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˈmə..ʒən, -ʃən]

n.

沉浸

洗礼

immersion

1. immersion
Someone's immersion in a subject is their complete involvement in it.

- ...long-term assignments that allowed them total immersion in their subjects.

N-UNCOUNT: N in n

2. immersion
Immersion of something in a liquid means putting it into the liquid so that it is completely covered.

- The wood had become swollen from prolonged immersion.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N in n

immersion

noun

1.

dipping

dousing

ducking

dunking

plunging

submerging

2.

involvement

absorption

concentration

preoccupation

immigrant

[D.J.:ˈimiɡrənt]

[K.K.:ˈɪmɪɡrənt]

n.

移民

immigrant ***

immigrant immigrants
An immigrant is a person who has come to live in a country from some other country. Compare emigrant .

- ...illegal immigrants.

- ...immigrant visas.

N-COUNT
= settler

immigrant

noun

settler

incomer

newcomer

immigrate

[D.J.:ˈɪmɪˌgreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɪmɪˌɡret]

vi.

移入

immigrate

immigrate immigrates immigrating immigrated
If someone immigrates to a particular country, they come to live or work in that country, after leaving the country where they were born.

- ...a Russian-born professor who had immigrated to the United States...

- He immigrated from Ulster in 1848.

- 10,000 people are expected to immigrate in the next two years.

VB: no passive

immigration

[D.J.:ˌɪmɪˈgreɪʃɵn]

n.

(机场、港口等)移民局检查站

移民

immigration ***

1. immigration
Immigration is the coming of people into a country in order to live and work there.

- The government has decided to tighten its immigration policy.

- ...immigration into Europe.

N-UNCOUNT

2. immigration
Immigration or immigration control is the place at a port, airport, or international border where officials check the passports of people who wish to come into the country.
N-UNCOUNT

imminence

[D.J.:ˈɪmɪnəns]

[K.K.:ˈɪmənəns]

n.

急迫；危急；迫近的危险(或祸患)

imminent

[ˈiminənt]

adj.

(通常指不愉快的事)即将发生的, 逼近的

imminent **

1. imminent
If you say that something is imminent , especially something unpleasant, you mean it is almost certain to happen very soon.

- There appeared no imminent danger.

- They warned that an attack is imminent.

ADJ

2. imminence

- The imminence of war was on everyone's mind.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

imminent

adjective

near

at hand

close

coming

forthcoming

gathering

impending

in the pipeline

looming

immobile

[D.J.:ɪˈməʊbəl, -ˌbi:l, -ˌbaɪl]

[K.K.:ɪˈmobəl, -ˌbil, -ˌbaɪl]

adj.

不能活动的, 不能移动的

不活动的, 静止的

immobility

[D.J.:ˌɪməʊˈbɪlɪtɪ]

[K.K.:ˌɪmoˈbɪlətɪ]

n.

固定性,静止

immobile *

1. immobile
Someone or something that is immobile is completely still.

- Joe remained as immobile as if he had been carved out of rock.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= motionless

2. immobility

- Hyde maintained the rigid immobility of his shoulders.

N-UNCOUNT

3. immobile
Someone or something that is immobile is unable to move or unable to be moved.

- A riding accident left him immobile.

- ...a very heavy or immobile object.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

4. immobility

- Again, the pain locked me into immobility.

N-UNCOUNT

immobile

adjective

stationary

at a standstill

at rest

fixed

immovable

motionless

rigid

rooted

static

still

stock-still

unmoving

immobility

noun

stillness

fixity

inertness

motionlessness

stability

steadiness

immobilization

[iˌməubilaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

固定,使停止流通

immobilize

[D.J.:ɪˈməʊbəˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:ɪˈmobəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使不动,使固定

immobilization

n.

immobilize

immobilize immobilizes immobilizing immobilized
To immobilize something or someone means to stop them from moving or operating.

- ...a car alarm system that not only sounds off, but also immobilises the engine...

- The knee and ankle joints must be immobilized -- this usually means up to six weeks in plaster.

VB (BRIT) also immobilise

immobilize

verb

paralyse

bring to a standstill

cripple

disable

freeze

halt

stop

transfix

immobilizer

[iˈməubilaizə]

n.

牲畜宰前麻昏器,(猪)麻醉器

immobilizer

immobilizer immobilizers
An immobilizer is a device on a car which prevents it from starting unless a special key is used, so that no one can steal the car.
N-COUNT (BRIT) also immobiliser

immoderate

[D.J.:ɪˈmɔdərɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɑdərɪt]

adj.

过度的,无节制的

immoderately

adv.

immoderately

adj.

无节制的,过度的

immoderate

immoderate
If you describe something as immoderate , you disapprove of it because it is too extreme. (FORMAL)

- He launched an immoderate tirade on Turner.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= excessive

immoderate

adjective

excessive

exaggerated

exorbitant

extravagant

extreme

inordinate

over the top slang

undue

unjustified

unreasonable

immodest

[D.J.:ɪˈmɔdɪst]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɑdɪst]

adj.

不谦虚的,自负的

不正派的,下流的

immodesty

n.

immodesty

[iˈmɔdisti]

n.

无礼

immodest

1. immodest
If you describe someone's behaviour as immodest , you mean that it shocks or embarrasses you because you think that it is rude.
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. immodest
If you say that someone is immodest , you disapprove of the way in which they often say how good, important, or clever they are.

- He could become ungraciously immodest about his own capacities.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ disapproval
= boastful ≠ modest

immoral

[D.J.:ɪˈmɔ:rəl, -ˈmɔr-]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɔrəl, -ˈmɑr-]

adj.

不道德的,邪恶的

放荡的

immorality

n.

不道德,淫荡

immorally

adv.

淫荡地,不正经地

immorality

[D.J.:ˌiməˈræliti]

[K.K.:ˌɪmɔˈrælɪti, ˌɪmə-]

n.

不道德,无道义

immorally

adv.

不道德地,品行不良地

immoral *

1. immoral
If you describe someone or their behaviour as immoral , you believe that their behaviour is morally wrong.

- ...those who think that birth control and abortion are immoral.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. immorality

- ...a reflection of our society's immorality.

N-UNCOUNT

immoral

adjective

wicked

bad

corrupt

debauched

depraved

dissolute

indecent

sinful

unethical

unprincipled

wrong

immorality

noun

wickedness

corruption

debauchery

depravity

dissoluteness

sin

vice

wrong

immortal

[D.J.:iˈmɔ:tl]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɔrtl]

adj.

不朽的; 流芳百世的

n.

不朽的人物

永生不朽者

immortality

[D.J.:imɔ:ˈtæləti]

[K.K.:ˌɪmɔrˈtælɪti]

n.

不朽,不朽的声名

immortal *

1. immortal
Someone or something that is immortal is famous and likely to be remembered for a long time.

- ...the immortal Reverend Dr Spooner.

- ...Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's immortal love story...

- Maybe my work is not immortal, but it will live for a while.

ADJ

2. immortal immortals
An immortal is someone who is immortal.

- He called Moore `one of the immortals of soccer'.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. immortality

- Some people want to achieve immortality through their works.

N-UNCOUNT

4. immortal
Someone or something that is immortal will live or last for ever and never die or be destroyed.

- The pharaohs, after all, were considered gods and therefore immortal.

ADJ
≠ mortal

5. immortal immortals
An immortal is an immortal being.

- ...porcelain figurines of the Chinese immortals.

N-COUNT: usu pl

6. immortality

- The Greeks accepted belief in the immortality of the soul.

N-UNCOUNT

7. immortal
If you refer to someone's immortal words, you mean that what they said is well-known, and you are usually about to quote it.

- Everyone knows Teddy Roosevelt's immortal words, `Speak softly and carry a big stick.'.

- I keep remembering Hannah Pakula's immortal line: `Hollywood is no place for a woman over forty with a library card.'

ADJ: ADJ n

immortal

adjective

1.

eternal

deathless

enduring

everlasting

imperishable

lasting

perennial

undying

noun

2.

god

goddess

3.

great

genius

hero

immortality

noun

1.

eternity

everlasting life

perpetuity

2.

fame

celebrity

glory

greatness

renown

immortalize

[D.J.:ɪˈmɔ:tlˌaɪz]

[K.K.:ɪˈmɔrtl..ˌaɪz]

vt.

使永恒;使不灭;使不朽；使名垂千古

immortalize

immortalize immortalizes immortalizing immortalized
If someone or something is immortalized in a story, film, or work of art, they appear in it, and will be remembered for it. (WRITTEN)

- The town of Whitby was immortalised in Bram Stoker's famous Dracula story.

- D H Lawrence immortalised her in his novel `Women in Love'.

- ...Colditz, the grim fortress immortalised by films and TV.

VB (BRIT) also immortalise

immortalize

verb

commemorate

celebrate

exalt

glorify

immovability

n.

不动,不变

immovable

[D.J.:ɪˈmu:vəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈmuvəbəl]

adj.

不可移动的,固定的

坚强的,不动摇的

immovability

n.

immovable

1. immovable
An immovable object is fixed and cannot be moved.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. immovable
If someone is immovable in their attitude to something, they will not change their mind.

- On one issue, however, she was immovable.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ
= resolute

immovable

adjective

1.

fixed

firm

immutable

jammed

secure

set

stable

stationary

stuck

2.

inflexible

adamant

obdurate

resolute

steadfast

unshakable

unwavering

unyielding

immune

[D.J.:iˈmju:n]

[K.K.:ɪˈmjoon]

adj.

免疫的, 有免疫力的; 不受影响的

免除…的, 豁免的

immunity

[D.J.:ɪˈmju:nɪti:]

[K.K.:ɪˈmjunɪti]

n.

免除;豁免

免疫力

immune ***

1. immune
If you are immune to a particular disease, you cannot be affected by it.

- This blood test will show whether or not you're immune to the disease.

- Most adults are immune to Rubella.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to n

2. immunity

- Birds in outside cages develop immunity to airborne bacteria.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n

3. immune
An immune response or reaction is a reaction by the body's immune system to something harmful that is affecting it. (MEDICAL)

- It is hoped the procedure will trigger an immune response that will wipe out HIV-infected cells while leaving non-infected cells unharmed.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. immune
If you are immune to something that happens or is done, you are not affected by it.

- Whilst Marc did gradually harden himself to the poverty, he did not become immune to the sight of death.

- Football is not immune to economic recession.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to n

5. immune
Someone or something that is immune from a particular process or situation is able to escape it.

- Members of the Bundestag are immune from prosecution for corruption.

- No one is immune from scandal.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ from n
= exempt

6. immunity

- The police are offering immunity to witnesses who help identify the murderers.

N-UNCOUNT
= exemption

See also diplomatic immunity .

immune

adjective

exempt

clear

free

invulnerable

proof (against)

protected

resistant

safe

unaffected

immunity

noun

1.

exemption

amnesty

freedom

indemnity

invulnerability

licence

release

2.

resistance

immunization

protection

immune system **

immune system immune systems
Your immune system consists of all the organs and processes in your body which protect you from illness and infection.
N-COUNT: usu sing

immunization

[D.J.:ˌɪmjʊnaɪˈzeɪʃn]

[K.K.: ˌɪmjʊnəˈzeʃən]

n.

免疫

immunize

[D.J.:ˈɪmjəˌnaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈɪmjəˌnaɪz]

vt.

使某人免疫

immunizing

[ˈimju:naiziŋ]

n.

不敏感处理

immunize *

1. immunize immunizes immunizing immunized
If people or animals are immunized , they are made immune to a particular disease, often by being given an injection.

- We should require that every student is immunized against hepatitis B.

- The monkeys used in those experiments had previously been immunized with a vaccine made from killed infected cells.

- If parents decide not to have their child immunized, they are responsible for keeping their child as healthy as possible.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also immunise
= innoculate vaccinate

2. immunization immunizations

- ...universal immunization against childhood diseases...

- Only half of America's children get the full range of immunisations.

N-VAR
= innoculation vaccination

immunize

verb

vaccinate

inoculate

protect

safeguard

immutability

[iˌmju:təˈbiliti]

n.

不变,不变性,永恒性

immutable

[D.J.:ɪˈmju:təbəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈmjutəbəl]

adj.

不可改变的

immutability

n.

immutable

immutable
Something that is immutable will never change or cannot be changed. (FORMAL)

- ...the eternal and immutable principles of right and wrong.

ADJ

imp

[D.J.:ɪmp]

[K.K.:ɪmp]

n.

(故事中的)小恶魔,小魔鬼

小淘气;顽童

imp

1. imp imps
In fairy stories, an imp is a small, magical creature that often causes trouble in a playful way.
N-COUNT
= sprite

2. imp imps
People sometimes refer to a naughty child as an imp .(INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

imp

noun

1.

demon

devil

sprite

2.

rascal

brat

minx

rogue

scamp

impact

[D.J.:ˈimpækt]

[K.K.:ˈɪmˌpækt]

n.

影响, 作用

冲击(力), 碰撞

vt. & vi.

对某事物有影响

impacted

[D.J.:imˈpæktid]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpæktɪd]

adj.

压紧的,结实的

impact ****

1. impact impacts
The impact that something has on a situation, process, or person is a sudden and powerful effect that it has on them.

- They say they expect the meeting to have a marked impact on the future of the country.

- The major impact of this epidemic worldwide is yet to come.

- When an executive comes into a new job, he wants to quickly make an impact.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N on n

2. impact impacts
An impact is the action of one object hitting another, or the force with which one object hits another.

- The plane is destroyed, a complete wreck: the pilot must have died on impact.

- A running track should be capable of absorbing the impact of a runner's foot landing on it.

N-VAR

3. impact
To impact on a situation, process, or person means to affect them.

- Such schemes mean little unless they impact on people.

- That, in turn would increase pressure for higher wages and that, in turn, would impact on inflation and competition.

- ...the potential for women to impact the political process.

VB
= affect

4. impacted

- Somebody who is a foreign investor and more sensitive about the public profile will be more impacted by that pressure.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= affected

5. impact impacts impacting impacted
If one object impacts on another, it hits it with great force. (FORMAL)

- ...the sharp tinkle of metal impacting on stone...

- According to the air force, the missile merely impacted with the ground prematurely.

- When a large object impacts the Earth, it makes a crater similar to the craters which we see on the Moon.

VB

impact

noun

1.

collision

blow

bump

contact

crash

jolt

knock

smash

stroke

thump

2.

effect

consequences

impression

influence

repercussions

significance

verb

3.

hit

clash

collide

crash

crush

strike

impair

[D.J.:imˈpɛə]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɛr]

vt.

损害, 削弱

impaired

[D.J.:ɪmˈpeəd]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɛrd]

被损坏的

impair *

1. impair impairs impairing impaired
If something impairs something such as an ability or the way something works, it damages it or makes it worse. (FORMAL)

- Consumption of alcohol impairs your ability to drive a car or operate machinery.

- His movements were painfully impaired by arthritis.

VB

2. impaired

- The blast left him with permanently impaired hearing.

ADJ-GRADED

impair

verb

worsen

blunt

damage

decrease

diminish

harm

hinder

injure

lessen

reduce

undermine

weaken

impaired

adjective

damaged

defective

faulty

flawed

imperfect

unsound

-impaired

1. -impaired
You use -impaired in adjectives where you are describing someone with a particular disability. For example, someone who is hearing-impaired has a disability affecting their hearing, and someone who is visually-impaired has a disability affecting their sight.

- More than 1 in 20 of the population is hearing-impaired to some extent.

- There are 1.7 million blind and visually impaired people in Britain.

COMB in ADJ

2. -impaired
The hearing-impaired or the visually-impaired are people with disabilities affecting their hearing or sight.

- ...giving a voice to the speech-impaired.

COMB in N-PLURAL: the N

impairment

[imˈpɛəmənt]

n.

损害,损伤

impairment

impairment impairments
If someone has an impairment , they have a condition which prevents their eyes, ears, or brain from working properly.

- He has a visual impairment in the right eye.

N-VAR: usu with supp

impale

[D.J.:ɪmˈpeɪl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpel]

vt.

钉在尖桩上

impale

impale impales impaling impaled
To impale something on a pointed object means to cause the point to go into it or through it.

- Researchers observed one bird impale a rodent on a cactus.

- Lenny swayed for a moment, then dropped to the ground, impaling himself on his switchblade.

- The boy died after being impaled on railings when he slipped while playing.

VB
= skewer

impart

[D.J.:imˈpɑ:t]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɑrt]

vt.

给予, 传授

告知, 透露

imparted

[imˈpɑ:tid]

adj.

给予的,授予的

impart *

1. impart imparts imparting imparted
If you impart information to people, you tell it to them. (FORMAL)

- The ability to impart knowledge and command respect is the essential qualification for teachers.

- Think carefully before reading on. I am about to impart knowledge to you that you will never be able to forget.

VB
= convey

2. impart imparts imparting imparted
To impart a particular quality to something means to give it that quality. (FORMAL)

- She managed to impart great elegance to the unpretentious dress she was wearing.

- His production of Harold Pinter's play fails to impart a sense of excitement or danger.

VB

impart

verb

1.

communicate

convey

disclose

divulge

make known

pass on

relate

reveal

tell

2.

give

accord

afford

bestow

confer

grant

lend

yield

impartial

[D.J.:ɪmˈpɑ:ʃəl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɑrʃəl]

adj.

不偏不倚的, 公正的, 中立的

impartiality

[D.J.:ˌɪmˌpɑ:ʃɪˈælətɪ]

[K.K.: ˌɪmpɑrʃɪˈælətɪ]

n.

公平；公正；不偏不倚

impartially

adv.

公平地,无私地

impartial *

1. impartial
Someone who is impartial is not directly involved in a particular situation, and is therefore able to give a fair opinion or decision about it.

- As an impartial observer my analysis is supposed to be objective.

- Careers officers offer impartial advice, guidance and information to all pupils.

ADJ-GRADED
= neutral ≠ biased

2. impartiality

- ...a justice system lacking impartiality by democratic standards.

N-UNCOUNT

3. impartially

- He has vowed to oversee the elections impartially.

ADV: ADV with v

impartial

adjective

neutral

detached

disinterested

equitable

even-handed

fair

just

objective

open-minded

unbiased

unprejudiced

impartiality

noun

neutrality

detachment

disinterestedness

dispassion

equity

even-handedness

fairness

objectivity

open-mindedness

impassability

[ˈimˌpɑ:səˈbiləti]

n.

不能通行

impassable

[D.J.:ɪmˈpæsəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpæsəbəl]

adj.

不能通行的,无法通过

impassability

n.

impassable

impassable
If a road, path, or route is impassable , it is impossible to travel over because it is blocked or in bad condition.
ADJ

impassable

adjective

blocked

closed

impenetrable

obstructed

impasse

[D.J.:ˈɪmˌpæs]

[K.K.:ˈɪmˌpæs]

n.

<法>绝境, 僵局, 停顿

impasse *

impasse
If people are in a difficult position in which it is impossible to make any progress, you can refer to the situation as an impasse .

- The company says it has reached an impasse in negotiations with the union.

N-SING
= deadlock

impasse

noun

deadlock

dead end

stalemate

standoff

standstill

impassioned

[D.J.:ɪmˈpæʃənd]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpæʃənd]

adj.

充满激情的, 热烈的

impassioned *

impassioned
An impassioned speech or piece of writing is one in which someone expresses their strong feelings about an issue in a forceful way. (JOURNALISM or WRITTEN)

- He made an impassioned appeal for peace.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= fervent

impassioned

adjective

intense

animated

fervent

fiery

heated

inspired

passionate

rousing

stirring

impassive

[D.J.:ɪmˈpæsɪv]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpæsɪv]

adj.

无动于衷的, 无表情的

impassively

[D.J.:ɪmˈpæsɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpæsɪvlɪ]

adv.

无感情地；无表情地；无动于衷地

impassive *

1. impassive
If someone is impassive or their face is impassive , they are not showing any emotion. (WRITTEN)

- He searched Hill's impassive face for some indication that he understood.

- As the foreman of the jury announced the verdict, Miss Allan remained impassive.

ADJ-GRADED
= emotionless

2. impassively

- The lawyer looked impassively at him and said nothing.

ADV: ADV with v

impatience

[D.J.:ɪmˈpeɪʃɵns]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpeʃəns]

n.

不耐烦，焦躁

渴望，切望

impatient

[D.J.:imˈpeiʃənt]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpeʃənt]

adj.

不耐烦的, 急躁的

热切的, 急切的

impatiently

[D.J.:ɪmˈpeɪʃənlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpeʃəntlɪ]

adv.

不耐烦地;性急地

焦急地;焦躁地

impatient **

1. impatient
If you are impatient , you are annoyed because you have to wait too long for something.

- He is impatient as the first hour passes and then another.

- The big clubs are becoming increasingly impatient at the rate of progress.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

2. impatiently

- People have been waiting impatiently for a chance to improve the situation.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. impatience

- There is considerable impatience with the slow pace of political change.

- Impatience is growing after three days in which nothing has been achieved.

N-UNCOUNT

4. impatient
If you are impatient , you are easily irritated by things.

- Beware of being too impatient with others.

- He threw it aside with an impatient gesture and another oath and walked off.

ADJ-GRADED

5. impatiently

- `Come on, David,' Harry said impatiently.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

6. impatience

- There was a hint of impatience in his tone.

N-UNCOUNT

7. impatient
If you are impatient to do something or impatient for something to happen, you are eager to do it or for it to happen and do not want to wait.

- He didn't want to tell Mr Morrisson why he was impatient to get home.

- They are impatient for jobs and security.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, ADJ to-inf, ADJ for n

8. impatience

- She showed impatience to continue the climb.

N-UNCOUNT: N to-inf, N for n

impatience

noun

1.

haste

impetuosity

intolerance

rashness

2.

restlessness

agitation

anxiety

eagerness

edginess

fretfulness

nervousness

uneasiness

impatient

adjective

1.

hasty

demanding

hot-tempered

impetuous

intolerant

2.

restless

eager

edgy

fretful

straining at the leash

impeach

[D.J.:ɪmˈpi:tʃ]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpitʃ]

vt.

控告(某人)犯罪, 弹劾

对(某事物)怀疑, 提出异议

impeach *

impeach impeaches impeaching impeached
If a court or a group in authority impeaches a president or other senior official, it charges them with committing a crime which makes them unfit for office.

- ...an opposition move to impeach the President.

VB

impeach

verb

charge

accuse

arraign

indict

impeachment

[D.J.:ɪmˈpi:tʃmənt]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpitʃmənt]

n.

控告;检举

弹劾

怀疑

impeachment *

impeachment impeachments
The impeachment of a senior official is their trial for a crime which makes them unfit for office.

- If his action proves to be unconstitutional, that would be grounds for impeachment.

N-VAR

impeccable

[D.J.:ɪmˈpekəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɛkəbəl]

adj.

无错误的, 极好的, 无瑕疵的

impeccable *

1. impeccable
If you describe something such as someone's behaviour or appearance as impeccable , you are emphasizing that it is perfect and has no faults.

- She had impeccable taste in clothes.

- Her academic credentials are impeccable.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= faultless

2. impeccably

- He was charming, considerate and impeccably mannered.

ADV-GRADED
= faultlessly

impeccable

adjective

faultless

blameless

flawless

immaculate

irreproachable

perfect

unblemished

unimpeachable

impecunious

[D.J.:ˌɪmpɪˈkju:ni:əs]

[K.K.:ˌɪmpɪˈkjuniəs]

adj.

没钱的, 不名一文的

impecunious

impecunious
Someone who is impecunious has very little money. (FORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED
= poor

impecunious

adjective

poor

broke informal

destitute

down and out

indigent

insolvent

penniless

poverty-stricken

impede

[D.J.:imˈpi:d]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpid]

vt.

阻碍, 妨碍, 阻止

impede *

impede impedes impeding impeded
If you impede someone or something, you make their movement, development, or progress difficult. (FORMAL)

- Debris and fallen rock are impeding the progress of the rescue workers.

VB
= hinder hamper

impede

verb

hinder

block

check

disrupt

hamper

hold up

obstruct

slow (down)

thwart

impediment

[D.J.:imˈpedimənt]

n.

妨碍、阻碍某事物进展或活动的人或物

身体上的某类残疾, 缺陷

impediment *

1. impediment impediments
Something that is an impediment to a person or thing makes their movement, development, or progress difficult. (FORMAL)

- He was satisfied there was no legal impediment to the marriage.

N-COUNT: oft N to n, also without N
= obstruction

2. impediment impediments
Someone who has a speech impediment has a disability which makes speaking difficult.

- John's slight speech impediment made it difficult for his mother to understand him.

N-COUNT

impediment

noun

obstacle

barrier

difficulty

encumbrance

hindrance

obstruction

snag

stumbling block

impel

[D.J.:ɪmˈpel]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɛl]

vt.

推动、推进或敦促某人做某事

impelling

[imˈpeliŋ]

adj.

迫使性的,强有力的

impel

impel impels impelling impelled
When something such as an emotion impels you to do something, it affects you so strongly that you feel forced to do it.

- ...the courage and competitiveness which impels him to take risks...

- I felt impelled to go on speaking.

VB
= force compel

impel

verb

force

compel

constrain

drive

induce

oblige

push

require

impending

[D.J.:imˈpendiŋ]

adj.

即将发生的;迫在眉睫的

impending *

impending
An impending event is one that is going to happen very soon. (FORMAL)

- On the morning of the expedition I awoke with a feeling of impending disaster.

- He'd spoken to Simon that morning of his impending marriage.

ADJ: ADJ n

impending

adjective

looming

approaching

coming

forthcoming

gathering

imminent

in the pipeline

near

upcoming

impenetrability

[D.J.:imˌpenitrəˈbiləti]

[K.K.:ɪmˌpɛnɪtrəˈbɪlɪti]

n.

不能贯穿,深奥,不可测知

impenetrable

[D.J.:ɪmˈpenɪtrəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɛnɪtrəbəl]

adj.

不能通过的,不能穿过的

不可理解的

impenetrability

n.

不能通过,不能穿过

impenetrableness

n.

不能通过,不能穿过

impenetrably

adv.

不能通过地,不能穿过地

impenetrably

adv.

无法通过地,冥顽不化地,顽固地

impenetrable *

1. impenetrable
If you describe something such as a barrier or a forest as impenetrable , you mean that it is impossible or very difficult to get through.

- ...the Caucasus range, an almost impenetrable barrier between Europe and Asia.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= impassable

2. impenetrable
If you describe something such as a book or a theory as impenetrable , you are emphasizing that it is impossible or very difficult to understand.

- His philosophical work is notoriously impenetrable.

- ...these impenetrable poems.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= incomprehensible

3. impenetrably

- Every day computers churned out seven impenetrably detailed reports on product sales.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj
= incomprehensibly

impenetrable

adjective

1.

solid

dense

impassable

impermeable

impervious

inviolable

thick

2.

incomprehensible

arcane

enigmatic

inscrutable

mysterious

obscure

unfathomable

unintelligible

imperative

[D.J.:imˈperətiv]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɛrətɪv]

adj.

必要的, 紧急的, 极重要的

命令的

祈使的

n.

必要的事, 必须完成的事

祈使语气

imperative *

1. imperative
If it is imperative that something is done, that thing is extremely important and must be done. (FORMAL)

- It was imperative that he act as naturally as possible.

- That's why it is imperative to know what your rights are at such a time.

- The events of the past few days make it imperative for her to act.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= vital

2. imperative imperatives
An imperative is something that is extremely important and must be done. (FORMAL)

- The most important political imperative is to limit the number of US casualties.

- ...the needs of those unable to respond to the imperatives of an enterprise culture.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. imperative
In grammar, a clause that is in the imperative , or in the imperative mood, contains the base form of a verb and usually has no subject. Examples are `Go away' and `Please be careful'. Clauses of this kind are typically used to tell someone to do something.
N-SING: the N

4. imperative imperatives
An imperative is a verb in the base form that is used, usually without a subject, in an imperative clause.
N-COUNT

imperative

adjective

urgent

crucial

essential

pressing

vital

imperceptible

[D.J.:ˌɪmpəˈseptəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪmpɚˈsɛptəbəl]

adj.

感觉不到的

细微的, 逐步的

imperceptibly

[D.J.:ˌɪmpəˈseptəblɪ]

[K.K.:ˌɪmpɚˈs ɛptəblɪ]

adv.

无感觉地；感觉不到地；不知不觉地

极微地

imperceptible

1. imperceptible
Something that is imperceptible is so small or slight that it is not noticed or cannot be seen.

- Brian's hesitation was almost imperceptible.

ADJ
= indiscernible

2. imperceptibly

- The disease develops gradually and imperceptibly until it is too late to do anything about it.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj
= indiscernibly

imperceptible

adjective

undetectable

faint

indiscernible

microscopic

minute

slight

small

subtle

tiny

imperfect

[D.J.:ɪmˈpɜ:fɪkt]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpə..fɪkt]

adj.

有缺点的,有瑕疵的

不完整的，未完成的

未完成时的，未完成过去时的

n.

(动词)未完成时，未完成过去时

imperfectly

adv.

有缺点地,有瑕疵地

imperfectly

adv.

没完地,有缺点地

imperfect *

1. imperfect
Something that is imperfect has faults and is not exactly as you would like it to be. (FORMAL)

- We live in an imperfect world.

- They have a huge selection of perfect, slightly imperfect and discontinued cookers, fridges and so on.

- ...a child's imperfect understanding of what is going on between their parents.

ADJ-GRADED
= faulty flawed ≠ perfect

2. imperfectly

- This effect was imperfectly understood by designers at that time.

- ...in a country whose language she spoke imperfectly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV -ed/adj

3. imperfect
In grammar, the imperfect or the imperfect tense of a verb is used to describe continuous situations or repeated actions in the past. Examples are `I was reading' and `they were eating'.
N-SING: the N

imperfect

adjective

flawed

damaged

defective

faulty

impaired

incomplete

limited

unfinished

imperfection

[D.J.:ˌɪmpəˈfekʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪmpɚˈfɛkʃən]

n.

不完美

缺点, 瑕疵

imperfections

不合格折贴

imperfection *

1. imperfection imperfections
An imperfection in someone or something is a fault, weakness, or undesirable feature that they have.

- He concedes that there are imperfections in the socialist system.

- I was obsessed by my physical imperfections.

N-VAR
= flaw failing

2. imperfection imperfections
An imperfection in something is a small mark or damaged area which may spoil its appearance.

- Optical scanners ensure that imperfections in the cloth are located and removed.

N-COUNT
= flaw blemish

imperfection

noun

fault

blemish

defect

deficiency

failing

flaw

frailty

shortcoming

taint

weakness

imperial

[D.J.:imˈpiəriəl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɪriəl]

adj.

帝国的, 帝王的

英制的(度量衡)

imperial **

1. imperial
Imperial is used to refer to things or people that are or were connected with an empire.

- ...the Imperial Palace in Tokyo...

- They executed Russia's imperial family in 1918.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. imperial
The imperial system of measurement uses inches, feet, and yards to measure length, ounces and pounds to measure weight, and pints and gallons to measure volume.
ADJ: ADJ n

imperial

adjective

royal

kingly

majestic

princely

queenly

regal

sovereign

imperialism

[D.J.:ɪmˈpɪəri:əˌlɪzəm]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɪriəˌlɪzəm]

n.

帝国主义,帝国主义政策

imperialism *

imperialism
Imperialism is a system in which a rich and powerful country controls other countries, or a desire for control over other countries.
N-UNCOUNT

imperialist

[D.J.:ɪmˈpɪərɪəlɪst]

n.

帝国主义者

imperialist *

1. imperialist
Imperialist means relating to or based on imperialism.

- The developed nations have all benefited from their imperialist exploitation.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. imperialist imperialists
An imperialist is someone who has imperialist views.

- He claims that imperialists are trying to re-establish colonial rule in the country.

N-COUNT

imperialistic

[imˌpiəriəˈlistik]

adj.

帝国主义的,帝制的

imperialistic

imperialistic
If you describe a country as imperialistic , you disapprove of it because it wants control over other countries.

- They were warlike and imperialistic.

ADJ disapproval

imperil

[D.J.:ɪmˈperəl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɛrəl]

vt.

使陷于危险, 危及

imperilled

[imˈperild]

adj.

遭受危险的

imperil

imperil imperils imperilling imperilled
Something that imperils you puts you in danger. (FORMAL)

- `You imperilled the lives of other road users by your driving,' the judge said.

VB (AM) imperiling , imperiled
= endanger

imperil

verb

endanger

expose

jeopardize

risk

imperious

[D.J.:ɪmˈpɪəri:əs]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɪriəs]

adj.

专横的, 飞扬跋扈的

imperiously

adv.

专制地,妄自尊大地

imperious

1. imperious
If you describe someone as imperious , you mean that they have a proud manner and expect to be obeyed. (WRITTEN)

- Her attitude may be imperious at times but that is more than compensated by her bravery.

- From across the desk she gave him a witheringly imperious look.

ADJ-GRADED
= haughty

2. imperiously

- Imperiously she beckoned me out of the room.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

imperishable

[D.J.:imˈperiʃəbl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɛrɪʃəbəl]

adj.

不灭的, 不朽的, 不会腐烂的

imperishable

imperishable
Something that is imperishable cannot disappear or be destroyed. (LITERARY)

- My memories are within me, imperishable.

ADJ
= enduring

impermanence

[imˈpə:mənəns]

n.

暂时,无常

impermanent

[D.J.:imˈpə:mənənt]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɚmənənt]

adj.

非永久的, 暂时的

impermanent

1. impermanent
Something that is impermanent does not last for ever. (FORMAL)

- To see him standing there, against the vacant sky, is to be reminded just how small and how impermanent we are.

ADJ-GRADED
= transient ≠ permanent

2. impermanence

- He was convinced of the impermanence of his work.

N-UNCOUNT

impermeability

n.

不能透过的性质,不渗透性

impermeable

[D.J.:ɪmˈpɜ:mi:əbəl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpə..miəbəl]

adj.

不可渗透的,透不过的

impermeability

n.

impermeable

impermeable
Something that is impermeable will not allow fluid to pass through it. (FORMAL)

- The canoe is made from an impermeable wood.

ADJ
= impervious

impersonal

[D.J.:ɪmˈpɜ:sənəl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpə..sənəl]

adj.

不受个人情感影响的,冷淡的

客观的

impersonality

n.

与个人无关

impersonally

adv.

冷淡地;客观地

impersonality

[imˌpə:səˈnæləti]

n.

非人格性,非人格性的东西,客观,冷静,无人情味

impersonally

adv.

与个人无关地

impersonal *

1. impersonal
If you describe a place, organization, or activity as impersonal , you mean that it is not very friendly and makes you feel unimportant because it involves or is used by a large number of people.

- Before then many children were cared for in large impersonal orphanages.

- The health service has been criticized for being too impersonal.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. impersonal
If you describe someone's behaviour as impersonal , you mean that they do not show any emotion about the person they are dealing with.

- We must be as impersonal as a surgeon with his knife.

- I gave Coe an impersonal stare.

ADJ-GRADED
= objective dispassionate

3. impersonally

- The doctor treated Ted gently but impersonally.

ADV-GRADED

4. impersonal
An impersonal room or statistic does not give any information about the character of the person to whom it belongs or relates.

- The rest of the room was neat and impersonal.

- History reduces the carnage to impersonal numbers.

ADJ-GRADED

impersonal

adjective

remote

aloof

cold

detached

dispassionate

formal

inhuman

neutral

impersonate

[D.J.:ɪmˈpɜ:səˌneɪt]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpə..səˌnet]

vt.

扮演

模仿, 假冒

impersonation

[imˌpə:səˈneiʃən]

n.

扮演

impersonate *

1. impersonate impersonates impersonating impersonated
If someone impersonates a person, they pretend to be that person, either to deceive people or to make people laugh.

- He was returned to prison in 1977 for impersonating a police officer.

- Tom was a brilliant mimic who could impersonate most of the college staff.

VB

2. impersonation impersonations

- She excelled at impersonations of his teachers, which provided great amusement for him.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

impersonate

verb

imitate

ape

do informal

masquerade as

mimic

pass oneself off as

pose as informal

take off informal

impersonation

noun

imitation

caricature

impression

mimicry

parody

takeoff informal

impersonator

n.

演员,模拟(名人等的)艺人

impersonator

impersonator impersonators
An impersonator is a stage performer who impersonates famous people.
N-COUNT
= impressionist

impertinence

[D.J.:imˈpə:tinəns]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɚtnəns]

n.

不适宜,鲁莽,无礼

impertinence

impertinence impertinences
If someone talks or behaves in a rather impolite and disrespectful way, you can call this behaviour impertinence or an impertinence .

- The sheer impertinence of this man is phenomenal!.

N-VAR
= impudence cheek

impertinence

noun

rudeness

brazenness

cheek informal

disrespect

effrontery

front

impudence

insolence

nerve informal

presumption

impertinent

[D.J.:ɪmˈpɜ:tnənt]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpə..tnənt]

adj.

无礼的, 莽撞的

不切题的, 不中肯的

impertinent

impertinent
If someone talks or behaves in a rather impolite and disrespectful way, you can say that they are being impertinent .

- Would it be impertinent to ask where exactly you were?.

- I don't like strangers who ask impertinent questions.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
= impudent cheeky

impertinent

adjective

rude

brazen

cheeky informal

disrespectful

impolite

impudent

insolent

presumptuous

imperturbability

n.

沉着,冷静,缺乏热情

imperturbable

[D.J.:ˌɪmpəˈtɜ:bəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪmpɚˈtə..bəbəl]

adj.

不易兴奋的,不易激动的

沉着的,镇静的

imperturbability

n.

imperturbably

adv.

imperturbably

adv.

泰然地,镇静地,平静地

imperturbable

imperturbable
If you describe someone as imperturbable , you mean that they remain calm, even in disturbing or dangerous situations. (WRITTEN)

- Thomas, of course, was cool and aloof and imperturbable.

ADJ-GRADED

imperturbable

adjective

calm

collected

composed

cool

nerveless

self-possessed

serene

unexcitable

unflappable informal

unruffled

impervious

[D.J.:ɪmˈpɜ:vi:əs]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpə..viəs]

adj.

不可渗透的,透不过的

无动于衷的,不受影响的

impervious

1. impervious
If you are impervious to someone's actions, you are not affected or influenced by them.

- She seems almost impervious to the criticism from all sides.

- The political system there has been impervious to all suggestions of change.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to n

2. impervious
Something that is impervious to water, heat, or a particular object is able to resist it or stop it passing through it.

- The floorcovering you select will need to be impervious to water.

- ...a layer of impervious rock.

ADJ: oft ADJ to n
= impermeable

impervious

adjective

1.

sealed

impassable

impenetrable

impermeable

resistant

2.

unaffected

immune

invulnerable

proof against

unmoved

untouched

impetuosity

[D.J.:imˌpetjuˈɔsiti]

[K.K.:ɪmˌpɛtʃuˈɑsɪti]

n.

激烈,冲动,性急

impetuosity

impetuosity
Impetuosity is the quality of being impetuous.

- With characteristic impetuosity, he announced he was leaving school.

N-UNCOUNT

impetuosity

noun

haste

impulsiveness

precipitateness

rashness

impetuous

[D.J.:ɪmˈpetʃu:əs]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɛtʃuəs]

adj.

冲动的, 鲁莽的

猛烈的, 迅疾的

impetuous

impetuous
If you describe someone as impetuous , you mean that they are likely to act quickly and suddenly without thinking or being careful.

- He was young and impetuous.

- He tended to react in a heated and impetuous way.

ADJ-GRADED
= rash impulsive

impetuous

adjective

rash

hasty

impulsive

precipitate

unthinking

impetus

[D.J.:ˈimpitəs]

[K.K.:ˈɪmpɪtəs]

n.

推动, 促进, 刺激

推动力

impetus *

impetus
Something that gives a process impetus or an impetus makes it happen or progress more quickly.

- This decision will give renewed impetus to the economic regeneration of east London.

- She was restless and needed a new impetus for her talent.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft N for n
= stimulus

impetus

noun

1.

incentive

catalyst

goad

impulse

motivation

push

spur

stimulus

2.

force

energy

momentum

power

impinge

[D.J.:ɪmˈpɪndʒ]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɪndʒ]

vt.

冲击, 撞击;对…起作用, 影响

侵犯, 侵占

impinge on sb/sth

对…有重大(或严重)影响

impinging

[imˈpindʒiŋ]

n.

碰撞

impinge

impinge impinges impinging impinged
Something that impinges on you affects you to some extent. (FORMAL)

- ...the cuts in defence spending that have impinged on two of the region's largest employers.

VB
= encroach

impinge

verb

1.

encroach

infringe

invade

obtrude

trespass

violate

2.

affect

bear upon

have a bearing on

impact

influence

relate to

touch

impious

[D.J.:ˈimpiəs]

[K.K.:ˈɪmpiəs, ɪmˈpaɪ-]

adj.

不尊敬的,无信仰的,不虔诚的

impious

impious
If you describe someone as impious , you mean that they show a lack of respect for religious things. (FORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED
= irreverent

impious

adjective

sacrilegious

blasphemous

godless

irreligious

irreverent

profane

sinful

ungodly

unholy

wicked

impish

[D.J.:ˈimpiʃ]

[K.K.:ˈɪmpɪʃ]

adj.

顽童似的,似顽童的,顽皮的

impish

1. impish
If you describe someone or their behaviour as impish , you mean that they are rather disrespectful or naughty in a playful way.

- Gillespie is well known for his impish sense of humour.

ADJ-GRADED

2. impishly

- He smiled at me impishly.

ADV-GRADED

impish

adjective

mischievous

devilish

puckish

rascally

roguish

sportive

waggish

implacability

n.

不缓和,不安静,无情

implacable

[D.J.:ɪmˈplækəbəl, -ˈpleɪkə-]

[K.K.:ɪmˈplækəbəl, -ˈplekə-]

adj.

(指愤怒、仇恨、敌意等)难和解的,难平息的

implacability

n.

无法平息,难以和解

implacableness

n.

无法平息,难以和解

implacably

adv.

无法平息地,难以和解地

implacably

adv.

无法和解地,执拗地难宽恕地

implacable *

1. implacable
If you say that someone is implacable , you mean that they have very strong feelings of hostility or disapproval which nobody can change.

- ...the threat of invasion by a ruthless and implacable enemy...

- The move has won the implacable opposition of many economists.

ADJ-GRADED

2. implacably

- His union was implacably opposed to the privatization of the company.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV -ed/adj, also ADV after v

implacable

adjective

unyielding

inflexible

intractable

merciless

pitiless

unbending

uncompromising

unforgiving

implant

[D.J.:ɪmˈplænt]

[K.K.:ɪmˈplænt]

n.

(植入身体中的)移植物

vt.

灌输, 注入

在身体某部植入(组织等), 移植

implantation

[D.J.:ˌimplɑ:nˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪmplænˈteʃən]

n.

培植,灌输

implant *

1. implant implants implanting implanted
To implant something into a person's body means to put it there, usually by means of a medical operation.

- Doctors in Arizona say they have implanted an artificial heart into a 46-year-old woman.

- Two days later, they implanted the fertilized eggs back inside me.

- ...a surgically implanted birth-control device.

VB

2. implantation

- The embryos were tested to determine their sex prior to implantation.

N-UNCOUNT

3. implant implants
An implant is something that is implanted into a person's body.

- They felt a woman had a right to choose to have a breast implant.

N-COUNT

4. implant implants implanting implanted
When an egg or embryo implants in the womb, it becomes established there and can then develop.

- Non-identical twins are the result of two fertilised eggs implanting in the uterus at the same time.

VB

5. implantation

- ...the 11 days required to allow for normal implantation of a fertilized egg.

N-UNCOUNT

6. implant implants implanting implanted
If you implant an idea or attitude in people, you make it become accepted or believed.

- The diagram implanted a dangerous prejudice firmly in the minds of countless economics students.

- Gregory's father had implanted in him an ambition to obtain an education.

- This would implant the idea that the communists are the legitimate rulers of the country.

VB
= sow

implant

verb

1.

instil

inculcate

infuse

2.

insert

fix

graft

implausible

[D.J.:imˈplɔ:zibl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈplɔzəbəl]

adj.

难以置信的, 似乎不合情理的, 不太可能的

implausibly

adv.

难以置信地

implausible

1. implausible
If you describe something as implausible , you believe that it is unlikely to be true.

- I had to admit it sounded like a convenient and implausible excuse.

- It seems implausible that the projects would have gone ahead without her backing.

ADJ-GRADED

2. implausibly

- They are, rather implausibly, close friends.

ADV-GRADED

implement

[D.J.:ˈimplimənt]

[K.K.:ˈɪmpləmənt]

vt.

使生效, 贯彻, 执行

n.

工具, 器具, 用具

implementation

[D.J.:ˌɪmplɪmənˈteɪ-ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪmplɪmənˈteʃən]

n.

贯彻，执行

implement ***

1. implement implements implementing implemented
If you implement something such as a plan, you ensure that what has been planned is done.

- The government promised to implement a new system to control financial loan institutions.

- The report sets out strict inspection procedures to ensure that the recommendations are properly implemented.

VB
= carry out

2. implementation

- Very little has been achieved in the implementation of the peace agreement signed last January.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. implement implements
An implement is a tool or other piece of equipment. (FORMAL)

- ...knives and other useful implements.

- ...writing implements.

N-COUNT
= tool

implement

verb

1.

carry out

bring about

complete

effect

enforce

execute

fulfil

perform

realize

noun

2.

tool

apparatus

appliance

device

gadget

instrument

utensil

implicate

[D.J.:ˈɪmplɪˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɪmplɪˌket]

vt.

牵连, 涉及

implication

[D.J.:ˌɪmpliˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪmplɪˈkeʃən]

n.

卷入, 牵连

含义, 暗示, 暗指

implicate *

1. implicate implicates implicating implicated
To implicate someone means to show or claim that they were involved in something wrong or criminal.

- Allegations had appeared in the press implicating the army and police in some of the killings.

- He was obliged to resign when one of his own aides was implicated in a financial scandal.

- He didn't find anything in the notebooks to implicate Stu.

VB
See also implicated .

2. implication

- Implication in a murder finally brought him to the gallows.

N-UNCOUNT
= ramification

implicated *

implicated
If someone or something is implicated in a crime or a bad situation, they are involved in it or responsible for it.

- Eventually the President was implicated in the cover-up and in 1974 was forced to resign to avoid impeachment.

- It is thought that this virus is implicated in the development of a number of illnesses.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ in n
See also implicate .

implication ***

1. implication implications
The implications of something are the things that are likely to happen as a result.

- The Attorney General was aware of the political implications of his decision to prosecute.

- The low level of current investment has serious implications for future economic growth.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N of/for n

2. implication implications
If you say that something is the case by implication , you mean that a statement, event, or situation implies that it is the case.

- The implication was obvious: vote for us or it will be very embarrassing for you.

- The implication that marital infidelity enhances a leader's credibility is preposterous.

- Now his authority and, by implication, that of the whole management team are under threat as never before.

PHR: PHR with cl/group

implicate

verb

incriminate

associate

embroil

entangle

include

inculpate

involve

implication

noun

suggestion

inference

innuendo

meaning

overtone

presumption

significance

implicit

[D.J.:imˈplisit]

[K.K.:ɪmˈplɪsɪt]

adj.

不言明[含蓄]的

无疑问的, 绝对的

implicitly

[D.J.:ɪmˈplɪsɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪmˈplɪsɪtlɪ]

adv.

含蓄地;暗示地

无疑问地；无保留地；绝对地

implicit **

1. implicit
Something that is implicit is expressed in an indirect way.

- It is taken as an implicit warning to the Moroccans not to continue or repeat the military actions they began a week ago.

- Branagh says that it was his intention to make explicit in the film what was only implicit in the play.

ADJ-GRADED
= tacit ≠ explicit

2. implicitly

- An inquest jury implicitly criticised the Home Office's administration of Armley Jail by returning an open verdict on a teenager who was found hanging in his cell.

ADV: ADV with v
= tacitly ≠ explicitly

3. implicit
If a quality or element is implicit in something, it is involved in it or is shown by it. (FORMAL)

- Implicit in snobbery is timidity -- being afraid to take a risk for fear of what your posh friends may think.

- Try and learn from the lessons implicit in the failure of your marriage.

ADJ: v-link ADJ in n
= inherent

4. implicit
If you say that someone has an implicit belief or faith in something, you mean that they have complete faith in it and no doubts at all.

- He had implicit faith in the noble intentions of the Emperor.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= absolute

5. implicitly

- I trust him implicitly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

implicit

adjective

1.

implied

inferred

latent

tacit

taken for granted

undeclared

understood

unspoken

2.

absolute

constant

firm

fixed

full

steadfast

unqualified

unreserved

wholehearted

implode

[D.J.:ɪmˈpləʊd]

[K.K.:ɪmˈplod]

vt. & vi.

(使)向心聚爆

implosion

n.

imploding

爆聚的

implosion

[D.J.:ɪmˈpləʊʒɵn]

[K.K.:ɪmˈploʒən]

n.

向心聚爆；内爆；向心压挤

(文化等的)集中；剧减

implode

1. implode implodes imploding imploded
If something implodes , it collapses into itself in a sudden and violent way.

- The engine imploded.

- He has nightmares about the tanks imploding.

VB

2. implode implodes imploding imploded
If something such as an organization or a system implodes , it suddenly ends completely because it cannot deal with the problems it is experiencing.

- ...the possibility that the party will implode under its first experience of opposition.

VB
= collapse

implore

[D.J.:ɪmˈplɔ:, -ˈpləʊr]

[K.K.:ɪmˈplɔr, -ˈplor]

vt.

恳求或乞求(某人)

imploring

[imˈplɔ:riŋ]

adj.

恳求的,哀求的

imploringly

adv.

恳求地,哀求地

implore

implore implores imploring implored
If you implore someone to do something, you ask them to do it in a forceful, emotional way.

- Opposition leaders this week implored the president to break the deadlock in parliament.

- `Tell me what to do!' she implored him.

VB
= beg plead

imploring

1. imploring
An imploring look, cry, or letter shows that you very much want someone to do something and are afraid they may not do it.

- Frank looked at Jim with imploring eyes.

ADJ: ADJ n
= pleading

2. imploringly

- Michael looked at him imploringly, eyes brimming with tears.

ADV: ADV after v

implore

verb

beg

beseech

entreat

importune

plead with

pray

implied

[imˈplaid]

adj.

暗指的,含蓄的

imply

[D.J.:imˈplai]

[K.K.:ɪmˈplaɪ]

vt.

暗示, 暗指

必然包含

imply ***

1. imply implies implying implied
If you imply that something is the case, you say something which indicates that it is the case in an indirect way.

- `Are you implying that I have something to do with those attacks?' she asked coldly.

- She felt undermined by the implied criticism.

VB
= suggest hint

2. imply implies implying implied
If an event or situation implies that something is the case, it makes you think it likely that it is the case.

- Exports in June rose 1.5%, implying that the economy was stronger than many investors had realized.

- He stressed that the meeting in no way implies a resumption of contacts with the terrorists.

VB
= suggest

implied

adjective

unspoken

hinted at

implicit

indirect

suggested

tacit

undeclared

unexpressed

unstated

imply

verb

1.

hint

insinuate

intimate

signify

suggest

2.

entail

indicate

involve

mean

point to

presuppose

impolite

[D.J.:ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt]

[K.K.:ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt]

adj.

不礼貌的;失礼的;粗鲁的

impolitely

adv.

impoliteness

n.

impolitely

adv.

无礼地,没规矩地

impoliteness

n.

无礼,粗鲁

impolite

impolite
If you say that someone is impolite , you mean that they are rather rude and do not have good manners.

- The Count acknowledged the two newcomers as briefly as was possible without being impolite.

- It would be most ungracious and impolite to refuse a simple invitation to supper with him.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
= rude uncivil ≠ polite

impolite

adjective

bad-mannered

discourteous

disrespectful

ill-mannered

insolent

loutish

rude

uncouth

imponderability

n.

失重

imponderable

[D.J.:ɪmˈpɔndərəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɑndərəbəl]

adj.

不可衡量的,不可估量的

极轻的

n.

无法估量的事物

imponderability

n.

imponderably

adv.

imponderable

imponderable imponderables
An imponderable is something unknown which it is difficult or impossible to estimate or make correct guesses about.

- The big imponderable, of course, is what's going to happen to interest rates.

N-COUNT

import

[D.J.:ˈimpɔ:t]

[K.K.:ˈɪmpɔrt]

n.

进口, 输入

进口商品, 输入额

意义, 含义

vt.

输入

进口

importation

[D.J.:ˌɪmpɔ:ˈteɪʃən, -pəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˌɪmpɔrˈteʃən, -por-]

n.

进口;输入

进口货;输入物

imports

进口货;进口商品

import ****

1. import imports importing imported
To import products or raw materials means to buy them from another country for use in your own country.

- Britain last year spent nearly £5000 million more on importing food than selling abroad.

- To import from Russia, a Ukrainian firm needs Russian roubles.

- ...imported goods from Mexico, China, and India.

VB
≠ export

2. import
Also a noun.

- Germany, however, insists on restrictions on the import of Polish coal.

- On July 3rd the government slashed import duties on cars.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
≠ export

3. importation

- ...restrictions concerning the importation of birds.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

4. import imports
Imports are products or raw materials bought from another country for use in your own country.

- ...French farmers protesting about what they say are cheap imports from other European countries.

N-COUNT: usu pl
≠ exports

5. import
The import of something is its importance. (FORMAL)

- Who leads Canada is also of some import to the rest of the world.

- Such arguments are of little import.

N-UNCOUNT
= consequence

6. import
The import of something is its meaning, especially when the meaning is not clearly expressed. (FORMAL)

- I have already spoken about the import of his speech.

N-SING: with poss
= content

import

verb

1.

bring in

introduce

noun

2.

meaning

drift

gist

implication

intention

sense

significance

thrust

3.

importance

consequence

magnitude

moment

significance

substance

weight

importance

[D.J.:imˈpɔ:təns]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɔrtns]

n.

重要(性)

importance ***

1. importance
The importance of something is its quality of being significant, valued, or necessary in a particular situation.

- China has been stressing the importance of its ties with third world countries.

- Safety is of paramount importance.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

2. importance
Importance means having influence, power, or status.
N-UNCOUNT

importance

noun

1.

significance

concern

consequence

import

interest

moment

substance

usefulness

value

weight

2.

prestige

distinction

eminence

esteem

influence

prominence

standing

status

important

[D.J.:imˈpɔ:tənt]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɔrtnt]

adj.

重要的, 重大的

有势力的, 有地位的

important *****

1. important
Something that is important is very significant, is highly valued, or is necessary.

- Her sons are the most important thing in her life.

- The planned general strike represents an important economic challenge to the government.

- This gold is every bit as important to me as it is to you.

- It's important to answer her questions as honestly as you can.

- It was important that he rest.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n, it v-link ADJ to-inf/that

2. importantly

- I was hungry, and, more importantly, my children were hungry.

ADV-GRADED

3. important
Someone who is important has influence or power within a society or a particular group.

- He was the most important person on the island.

- ...an important figure in the media world.

ADJ-GRADED

important

adjective

1.

significant

far-reaching

momentous

seminal

serious

substantial

urgent

weighty

2.

powerful

eminent

high-ranking

influential

noteworthy

pre-eminent

prominent

importer

[D.J.:ɪmˈp ɔ:tə]

[K.K.:ɪmˈportɚ]

n.

输入业者;进口商

importer *

importer importers
An importer is a country, firm, or person that buys goods from another country for use in their own country.

- He made his money first as an importer of exotic food in west London.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

importunate

[D.J.:ɪmˈpɔ:tʃənɪt]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɔrtʃənɪt]

adj.

强求的,纠缠不休的

importunity

n.

importunity

[D.J.:ˌimpɔ:ˈtju:nəti]

[K.K.:ˌɪmpɔrˈtunɪti, -ˈtju-]

n.

硬要,强求

importunate

importunate
If you describe someone as importunate , you think they are annoying because they keep trying to get something from you. (FORMAL)

- His secretary shielded him from importunate visitors.

ADJ disapproval
= troublesome

importunate

adjective

persistent

demanding

dogged

insistent

pressing

urgent

importune

[D.J.:ˌɪmpɔ:ˈtu:n, -ˈtju:n, ɪmˈpɔ:tʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪmpɔrˈtun, -ˈtjun, ɪmˈpɔrtʃən]

vt.

纠缠,向(某人)不断要求

(妓女)拉(客)

importune

importune importunes importuning importuned
If someone importunes another person, they ask them for something or ask them to do something, in an annoying way. (FORMAL)

- One can no longer walk the streets without seeing beggars importuning passers by.

VB disapproval
= pester

impose

[D.J.:imˈpəuz]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpoz]

vt.

强迫, 强加

课税, 惩罚

vi.

利用, 占便宜; 欺骗

imposing

[D.J.:ɪmˈpəʊzɪŋ]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpozɪŋ]

adj.

庄严的, 仪表堂堂的, 令人印象深刻的

imposition

[D.J.:ˌɪmpəˈzɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪmpəˈzɪʃən]

n.

强加,被迫接受

过分的要求,不合理的负担

税收

impose ****

1. impose imposes imposing imposed
If you impose something on people, you use your authority to force them to accept it.

- Britain was the first country to impose fines on airlines which bring passengers without proper immigration papers.

- A third of companies reviewing pay since last August have imposed a pay freeze of up to a year.

- The conditions imposed on volunteers were carefully designed to put off all but the keenest.

VB

2. imposition

- Cambridge cyclists are attempting to fight the imposition of a day-time ban on cycling in the city centre.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. impose imposes imposing imposed
If you impose your opinions or beliefs on other people, you try and make people accept them as a rule or as a model to copy.

- Parents of either sex should beware of imposing their own tastes on their children.

VB

4. impose imposes imposing imposed
If something imposes strain, pressure, or suffering on someone, it causes them to experience it.

- The filming imposed an additional strain on her as she had little or no experience of using such a camera.

- ...the pressures imposed upon teachers by ceaseless curriculum reforms.

VB
= inflict

5. impose imposes imposing imposed
If someone imposes on you, they unreasonably expect you to do something for them which you do not want to do.

- I was afraid you'd simply feel we were imposing on you.

- `Mum thinks I should stop imposing on your hospitality, Leo,' said Grace.

VB

6. imposition

- I know this is an imposition. But please hear me out.

N-COUNT

7. impose imposes imposing imposed
If someone imposes themselves on you, they force you to accept their company although you may not want to.

- I didn't want to impose myself on my married friends.

VB
= foist

imposing **

imposing
If you describe someone or something as imposing , you mean that they have an impressive appearance or manner.

- He was an imposing man.

- ...the imposing wrought-iron gates at the entrance to the estate.

ADJ-GRADED

impose

verb

1.

establish

decree

fix

institute

introduce

levy

ordain

2.

inflict

appoint

enforce

saddle (someone) with

imposing

adjective

impressive

commanding

dignified

grand

majestic

stately

striking

imposition

noun

1.

application

introduction

levying

2.

intrusion

liberty

presumption

impossibility

[D.J.:ɪmˌpɔsəˈbɪlɪti:]

[K.K.:ɪmˌpɑsəˈbɪlɪti]

n.

不可能(性)

不可能的事(情况)

impossible

[D.J.:imˈpɔsəbl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɑsəbəl]

adj.

不可能的, 办不到的

难以忍受的, 很难对付的

impossibly

[imˈpɔsəbli]

adv.

不可能地,无法可想

impossible ****

1. impossible
Something that is impossible cannot be done or cannot happen.

- It was impossible for anyone to get in because no one knew the password.

- He thinks the tax is impossible to administer.

- You shouldn't promise what's impossible.

- Keller is good at describing music -- an almost impossible task to do well.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf/that, ADJ to-inf
= impracticable ≠ possible

2. impossible
The impossible is something which is impossible.

- They were expected to do the impossible.

- No one can achieve the impossible.

N-SING: the N

3. impossibly

- Mathematical physics is an almost impossibly difficult subject.

ADV: ADV adj

4. impossibility impossibilities

- ...the impossibility of knowing absolute truth.

N-VAR: oft the N of n

5. impossible
An impossible situation or an impossible position is one that is very difficult to deal with.

- The Government was now in an almost impossible position.

ADJ: ADJ n
= hopeless

6. impossible
If you describe someone as impossible , you are annoyed that their bad behaviour or strong views make them difficult to deal with.

- The woman is impossible, thought Frannie.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= intolerable

impossibility

noun

hopelessness

impracticability

inability

impossible

adjective

1.

unattainable

impracticable

inconceivable

out of the question

unachievable

unobtainable

unthinkable

2.

absurd

ludicrous

outrageous

preposterous

unreasonable

impostor

[D.J.:ɪmˈpɔstə]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɑstɚ]

n.

冒名顶替者;骗子

impostor

impostor impostors
Someone who is an impostor is dishonestly pretending to be someone else in order to gain an advantage.

- He was an imposter, who masqueraded as a doctor when he was totally unqualified.

N-COUNT also imposter .

impostor

noun

impersonator

charlatan

deceiver

fake

fraud

phoney or phony informal

pretender

sham

trickster

impotence

[D.J.:ˈɪmpətəns]

[K.K.:ˈɪmpətəns]

n.

无能为力;阳痿

impotence *

1. impotence
Impotence is a lack of power to influence people or events.

- ...a sense of impotence in the face of deplorable events.

N-UNCOUNT
= powerlessness

2. impotence
Impotence is a man's sexual problem in which his penis fails to get hard or stay hard.

- Impotence affects 10 million men in the US alone.

N-UNCOUNT

impotence

noun

powerlessness

feebleness

frailty

helplessness

inability

incapacity

incompetence

ineffectiveness

paralysis

uselessness

weakness

impotent

[D.J.:ˈɪmpətənt]

[K.K.:ˈɪmpətənt]

adj.

不能采取有效行动的, 无能为力的

阳痿的, 不能达到性高潮的

impotent *

1. impotent
If someone feels impotent , they feel that they have no power to influence people or events.

- The aggression of a bully leaves people feeling hurt, angry and impotent.

- In impotent rage he got up and stalked up and down the flat.

ADJ-GRADED
= powerless

2. impotent
If a man is impotent , he is unable to have sex normally, because his penis fails to get hard or stay hard.
ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

impotent

adjective

powerless

feeble

frail

helpless

incapable

incapacitated

incompetent

ineffective

paralysed

weak

impound

[D.J.:ɪmˈpaʊnd]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpaʊnd]

vt.

依法没收, 扣押(某物)

将(违章停放的汽车或走失的动物)暂存待领

impounding

[imˈpaundiŋ]

n.

滤网

impound *

impound impounds impounding impounded
If something is impounded by policemen, customs officers or other officials, they officially take possession of it because a law or rule has been broken.

- The ship was impounded under the terms of the UN trade embargo.

- The police moved in, arrested him and impounded the cocaine.

VB
= confiscate

impoverish

[D.J.:ɪmˈpɔvərɪʃ]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɑvərɪʃ]

vt.

使(某人)贫穷

使(某物)贫瘠或恶化

impoverished

[D.J.:imˈpɔvəriʃt]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpɑvərɪʃt]

adj.

穷困的,无力的,用尽了的

impoverish *

1. impoverish impoverishes impoverishing impoverished
Something that impoverishes a person or a country makes them poor.

- We need to reduce the burden of taxes that impoverish the economy.

- ...a society impoverished by wartime inflation.

VB

2. impoverished

- The goal is to lure businesses into impoverished areas by offering them tax breaks.

ADJ-GRADED

3. impoverish impoverishes impoverishing impoverished
A person or thing that impoverishes something makes it worse in quality.

- A top dressing of fertiliser should be added to improve growth as mint impoverishes the soil quickly.

VB

impoverish

verb

1.

bankrupt

beggar

break

ruin

2.

diminish

deplete

drain

exhaust

reduce

sap

use up

wear out

impoverished

adjective

poor

bankrupt

destitute

impecunious

needy

on one's uppers

penurious

poverty-stricken

impoverishment

[imˈpɔvəriʃmənt]

n.

贫穷,穷困

impoverishment

impoverishment
Impoverishment is the state or process of being impoverished.

- ...a meeting of experts on how the impoverishment of Africa can be reversed...

- National isolation can only cause economic and cultural impoverishment.

N-UNCOUNT

impracticability

n.

无法实施,不能实施的事项

impracticable

[D.J.:ɪmˈpræktɪkəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpræktɪkəbəl]

adj.

不能实行的,难对付的

impracticability

n.

impracticably

adv.

impracticably

adv.

不可能实施地,无法可想地

impracticable

impracticable
If something such as a course of action is impracticable , it is impossible to do.

- Experts have told them that such measures would be highly impracticable and almost impossible to apply.

- ...naive and impracticable schemes for the resolution of international conflict.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= impossible

impracticable

adjective

unfeasible

impossible

out of the question

unachievable

unattainable

unworkable

impractical

[D.J.:ɪmˈpræktɪkəl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpræktɪkəl]

adj.

不切实际的, 无用的, 不现实的

不善做实际工作的

impractical *

1. impractical
If you describe an object, idea, or course of action as impractical , you mean that it is not sensible or realistic, and does not work well in practice.

- When stalking subjects, a tripod is impractical.

- Once there were regularly scheduled airlines, it became impractical to make a business trip by ocean liner.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
≠ practical

2. impractical
If you describe someone as impractical , you mean that they do not have the abilities or skills to do practical work such as making, repairing, or organizing things.

- Geniuses are supposed to be difficult, eccentric and hopelessly impractical.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

impractical

adjective

1.

unworkable

impossible

impracticable

inoperable

nonviable

unrealistic

wild

2.

idealistic

romantic

starry-eyed

unrealistic

imprecation

[D.J.:ˌɪmprɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪmprɪˈkeʃən]

n.

<正>诅咒

imprecation

imprecation imprecations
An imprecation is something rude, angry, or hostile that is said to or about someone. (FORMAL)
N-VAR

imprecise

[D.J.:ˌɪmprɪˈsaɪs]

[K.K.:ˌɪmprɪˈsaɪs]

adj.

不精确的,不确定的

imprecise

imprecise
Something that is imprecise is not clear, accurate, or precise.

- The charges were vague and imprecise, and defendants were rarely accused of carrying out any specific act.

- Utilitarianism is a very broad, imprecise concept that covers a multitude of underlying theoretical positions.

ADJ-GRADED
= inexact

imprecise

adjective

indefinite

equivocal

hazy

ill-defined

indeterminate

inexact

inexplicit

loose

rough

vague

woolly

imprecision

[ˌimpriˈsiʒən]

n.

不严密,不精确

imprecision

imprecision
Imprecision is the quality of being imprecise.

- This served to hide the confusion and imprecision in their thinking.

N-UNCOUNT

impregnable

[D.J.:ɪmˈpregnəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈprɛɡnəbəl]

adj.

攻不破的, 坚不可摧的

impregnable

1. impregnable
If you describe a building or other place as impregnable , you mean that it cannot be broken into or captured.

- The old Dutch fort with its thick high walls looks virtually impregnable.

- In those impregnable mountains, the guerrillas could hold out for years.

ADJ
= impenetrable

2. impregnable
If you say that a person or group is impregnable , or their position is impregnable , you think they cannot be defeated by anyone.

- The Bundesbank's seemingly impregnable position has begun to weaken.

ADJ
= unassailable

impregnable

adjective

invulnerable

impenetrable

indestructible

invincible

secure

unassailable

unbeatable

unconquerable

impregnate

[D.J.:ɪmˈpregneɪt]

[K.K.:ɪmˈprɛɡnet]

vt.

灌注, 使饱和

使怀孕

impregnating

[imˈpreɡneitiŋ]

n.

浸渍,浸渗,浸透,注入

impregnate

1. impregnate impregnates impregnating impregnated
If someone or something impregnates a thing with a substance, they make the substance spread through it and stay in it.

- Undercover officers found drug-making equipment used to impregnate paper with LSD.

- ...a block of plastic impregnated with a light-absorbing dye.

VB

2. -impregnated

- ...nicotine-impregnated chewing gum.

COMB in ADJ

3. impregnate impregnates impregnating impregnated
When a man or a male animal impregnates a female, he makes her pregnant. (FORMAL)

- For centuries, war entailed killing men and raping and impregnating the surviving women.

VB

impregnate

verb

1.

saturate

infuse

permeate

soak

steep

suffuse

2.

fertilize

inseminate

make pregnant

impresario

[D.J.:ˌɪmprɪˈsɑ:ri:ˌəʊ, -ˈseər-]

[K.K.:ˌɪmprɪˈsɑriˌo, -ˈsɛr-]

n.

(演出的)主办人,经理

impresario

impresario impresarios
An impresario is a person who arranges for plays, concerts, and other entertainments to be performed.
N-COUNT

impress

[D.J.:imˈpres]

[K.K.:ɪmˈprɛs]

vt.

给…以深刻印象, 使铭记

印, 压印

impress ***

1. impress impresses impressing impressed
If something impresses you, you feel great admiration for it.

- What impressed him most was their speed.

- ...a group of students who were trying to impress their girlfriends...

- Cannon's film impresses on many levels.

VB

2. impressed

- I was very impressed by one young man at my lectures.

- I'm very impressed with the new airport.

- He went away suitably impressed.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ by/with n

3. impress impresses impressing impressed
If you impress something on someone, you make them understand its importance or degree.

- I had always impressed upon the children that if they worked hard they would succeed in life.

- I've impressed upon them the need for more professionalism.

- I impressed on him what a huge honour he was being offered.

VB

4. impress impresses impressing impressed
If something impresses itself on your mind, you notice and remember it.

- But this change has not yet impressed itself on the minds of the British public.

VB

5. impress impresses impressing impressed
If someone or something impresses you as a particular thing, usually a good one, they gives you the impression of being that thing.

- Billy Sullivan had impressed me as a fine man.

VB

impress

verb

1.

excite

affect

inspire

make an impression

move

stir

strike

touch

2.

stress

bring home to

emphasize

fix

inculcate

instil into

3.

imprint

emboss

engrave

indent

mark

print

stamp

impression

[D.J.:imˈpreʃən]

[K.K.:ɪmˈprɛʃən]

n.

印象, 感想

想法, 看法, 感觉

滑稽模仿

印记, 压痕

重印

impression ***

1. impression impressions
Your impression of a person or thing is what you think they are like, usually after having seen or heard them. Your impression of a situation is what you think is going on.

- What were your first impressions of college?.

- My impression is that they are totally out of control.

- There was a general impression that tomorrow meant a fresh start.

N-COUNT: oft poss N, N of n, N that
= feeling

2. impression
If someone gives you a particular impression , they cause you to believe that something is the case, often when it is not.

- I don't want to give the impression that I'm running away from the charges.

- He cleverly inserted mirrors above the window to create an impression of space.

N-SING: usu with supp, oft N that, N of n

3. impression impressions
An impression is an amusing imitation of someone's behaviour or way of talking, usually someone well-known.

- ...doing impressions of Sean Connery and James Mason.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= impersonation

4. impression impressions
An impression of an object is a mark or outline that it has left after being pressed hard onto a surface.

- ...the world's oldest fossil impressions of plant life.

N-COUNT

5. impression
If someone or something makes an impression , they have a strong effect on people or a situation.

- He has told me his plans and he's made a good impression on me.

- The type of aid coming in makes no immediate impression on the horrific death rates.

PHR: V inflects

6. impression
If you are under the impression that something is the case, you believe that it is the case, usually when it is not actually the case.

- He had apparently been under the impression that a military coup was in progress.

PHR: v-link PHR, usu PHR that

impression

noun

1.

effect

feeling

impact

influence

reaction

2.

idea

belief

conviction

feeling

hunch

notion

sense

suspicion

3.

mark

dent

hollow

imprint

indentation

outline

stamp

4.

imitation

impersonation

parody

send-up Brit. informal

takeoff informal

impressionable

[D.J.:ɪmˈpreʃənəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈprɛʃənəbəl]

adj.

(人, 尤指年轻人)易受影响的

impressionable

impressionable
Someone who is impressionable , usually a young person, is not very critical and is therefore easy to influence.

- The law is intended to safeguard young and impressionable viewers from exploitation.

- ...seven years old, which is apparently the age at which you are most impressionable.

ADJ-GRADED
= suggestible

impressionable

adjective

suggestible

gullible

ingenuous

open

receptive

responsive

sensitive

susceptible

vulnerable

Impressionism

Impressionism
Impressionism is a style of painting developed in France between 1870 and 1900 which concentrated on showing the effects of light on things rather than on clear and exact detail.
N-UNCOUNT

impressionist

[D.J.:imˈpreʃənist]

[K.K.:ɪmˈprɛʃənɪst]

n.

印象派画家

用滑稽方式模仿名流的人

adj.

印象派的, 印象主义的

impressionist *

impressionist impressionists
An impressionist is an entertainer who does amusing imitations of well-known people.
N-COUNT

Impressionist

1. Impressionist Impressionists
An Impressionist is an artist who painted in the style of Impressionism.

- ...the French Impressionists.

N-COUNT

2. Impressionist
An Impressionist painting is by an Impressionist or is in the style of Impressionism.
ADJ: ADJ n

impressionistic

[D.J.:ɪmˌpreʃəˈnɪstɪk]

[K.K.:ɪmˌprɛʃəˈnɪstɪk]

adj.

仅凭印象的;主观的

impressionistic

impressionistic
An impressionistic work of art or piece of writing shows the artist's or writer's impressions of something rather than giving clear details.

- His paintings had become more impressionistic as his eyesight dimmed.

ADJ-GRADED

impressive

[D.J.:imˈpresiv]

[K.K.:ɪmˈprɛsɪv]

adj.

给人印象深刻的, 感人的

impressively

adv.

令人难忘地

impressive ***

1. impressive
Something that is impressive impresses you, for example because it is great in size or degree, or is done with a great deal of skill.

- It is an impressive achievement.

- The film's special effects are particularly impressive.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unimpressive

2. impressively

- ...an impressively bright and energetic American woman called Cathie Gould...

- The socialists performed impressively in the legislative elections.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

impressive

adjective

grand

awesome

dramatic

exciting

moving

powerful

stirring

striking

imprimatur

[D.J.:ˌimpriˈmeitə]

[K.K.:ˌɪmprəˈmɑtʊr, -ˈmetɚ]

n.

出版许可,认可

imprimatur

imprimatur imprimaturs
If something such as a product has someone's imprimatur , that person has given it their official approval, for example by allowing their name to be shown on it.

- ...a tennis racket bearing Andre Agassi's imprimatur.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

imprint

[D.J.:ɪmˈprɪnt]

[K.K.:ɪmˈprɪnt]

vt.

铭刻, 牢记

imprint A in/on B;imprint B with A

把…印记在心中(或脑海中等)；在…上留下…的印记

把…印在…上；在…上印上…；压印

imprinting

[D.J.:imˈprintiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɪmˌprɪntɪŋ]

n.

胚教,铭记(动物生命早期即起作用的一种学习机能)

imprint *

1. imprint imprints
If something leaves an imprint on a place or on your mind, it has a strong and lasting effect on it.

- Few cities in America bear the imprint of Japanese money more than Los Angeles.

- Both King and Gandhi were tremendously brave men whose unique form of courage left a lasting imprint on their nations' histories.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of/on n
= stamp

2. imprint imprints imprinting imprinted
When something is imprinted on your memory, it is firmly fixed in your memory so that you will not forget it.

- As I arrived, the shimmering skyline of domes and minarets was imprinted on my memory.

- He repeated the names, as if to imprint them in his mind.

- He could not dislodge the images imprinted on his brain.

VB

3. imprint imprints
An imprint is a mark or outline made by the pressure of one object on another.

- It was the imprint of his little finger on a box of poisoned chocolates that finally sealed his fate.

N-COUNT

4. imprint imprints imprinting imprinted
If a surface is imprinted with a mark or design, that mark or design is printed on the surface or pressed into it.

- The firm carries a variety of binders that can be imprinted with your message or logo.

- They also left a card, imprinted with the name Sean Lynch.

- ...a racket with the club's badge imprinted on the strings.

VB: usu passive

imprint

noun

1.

mark

impression

indentation

sign

stamp

verb

2.

fix

engrave

etch

impress

print

stamp

imprison

[D.J.:ɪmˈprɪzən]

[K.K.:ɪmˈprɪzən]

vt.

下狱, 监禁

imprison **

imprison imprisons imprisoning imprisoned
If someone is imprisoned , they are locked up or kept somewhere, usually in prison as a punishment for a crime or for political opposition.

- The local priest was imprisoned for 18 months on charges of anti-state agitation.

- Dutch colonial authorities imprisoned him for his part in the independence movement.

VB

imprison

verb

jail

confine

detain

incarcerate

intern

lock up

put away

send down informal

imprisoned

adjective

jailed

behind bars

captive

confined

incarcerated

in jail

inside slang

locked up

under lock and key

imprisonment

[D.J.:ɪmˈprɪznmənt]

n.

关押,监禁

imprisonment **

imprisonment
Imprisonment is the state of being imprisoned.

- She was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment.

- ...the prospect of imprisonment.

N-UNCOUNT

imprisonment

noun

custody

confinement

detention

incarceration

porridge slang

improbability

[D.J.:imˌprɔbəˈbiləti]

[K.K.:ɪmˌprɑbəˈbɪlɪti]

n.

不大可能的事物,未必有的事

improbable

[D.J.:ɪmˈprɔbəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪmˈprɑbəbəl]

adj.

不大可能是真实的, 不大可能的

improbably

adv.

未必然地,不像真实地

improbable *

1. improbable
Something that is improbable is unlikely to be true or to happen.

- Ordered arrangements of large groups of atoms and molecules are highly improbable.

- It seems improbable that this year's figure will fall much below last year's 75,000.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ that
= unlikely ≠ probable likely

2. improbability improbabilities

- ...the improbability of such an outcome.

N-VAR

3. improbable
If you describe something as improbable , you mean it is strange, unusual, or ridiculous.

- On the face of it, their marriage seems an improbable alliance.

- ...her improbable accent.

ADJ-GRADED
= unlikely

4. improbably

- The sea is an improbably pale turquoise.

- His financial situation forced him to go and teach in, improbably enough, Tulsa, Oklahoma.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v, ADV with cl
= bizarrely

improbability

noun

doubt

dubiety

uncertainty

unlikelihood

improbable

adjective

doubtful

dubious

fanciful

far-fetched

implausible

questionable

unconvincing

unlikely

weak

impromptu

[D.J.:ɪmˈprɔmptu:, -tju:]

[K.K.:ɪmˈprɑmptu, -tju]

adj. & adv.

事先无准备(的), 临时(的)

n.

即兴曲

impromptu *

impromptu
An impromptu action is one that you do without planning or organizing it in advance.

- This afternoon the Palestinians held an impromptu press conference.

- The children put on an impromptu concert for the visitors.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= spontaneous

impromptu

adjective

unprepared

ad-lib

extemporaneous

improvised

offhand

off the cuff informal

spontaneous

unrehearsed

unscripted

improper

[D.J.:ɪmˈprɔpə]

[K.K.:ɪmˈprɑpɚ]

adj.

不合适的, 不适当的

不正派的, 下流的

improperly

adv.

不正确地,不适当地

improper *

1. improper
Improper activities are illegal or dishonest. (FORMAL)

- 25 officers were investigated following allegations of improper conduct during the murder inquiry.

- Mr Matthews maintained that he had done nothing improper.

ADJ
= unlawful

2. improperly

- I acted neither fraudulently nor improperly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. improper
Improper conditions or methods of treatment are not suitable or good enough for a particular purpose. (FORMAL)

- The improper use of medicine could lead to severe adverse reactions.

ADJ: ADJ n
= inappropriate inadequate

4. improperly

- The study confirmed many reports that doctors were improperly trained.

- He had become infected with Aids from an improperly sterilised needle.

ADV: ADV with v

5. improper
If you describe someone's behaviour as improper , you mean that it is rude or shocking. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He would never be improper, he is always the perfect gentleman.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= indecent

6. improperly

- Fundamentalist groups have attacked women they regarded as improperly dressed.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

improper

adjective

1.

indecent

risqu´e

smutty

suggestive

unbecoming

unseemly

untoward

vulgar

2.

unwarranted

inappropriate

out of place

uncalled-for

unfit

unsuitable

impropriety

[D.J.:ˌɪmprəˈpraɪɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌɪmprəˈpraɪɪti]

n.

不得体,不适当

不得体的举止,粗鄙的行为

不正确,不合适

impropriety

impropriety improprieties
Impropriety is improper behaviour. (FORMAL)

- He resigned amid allegations of financial impropriety.

N-VAR

impropriety

noun

indecency

bad taste

incongruity

vulgarity

improv

[D.J.:ˈimprəuv]

[K.K.:ˈɪmˌprɑv]

n.，adj.

〈口〉即兴表演(的)

improv

improv
Improv is acting or singing in which someone invents the words or music as they speak. Improv is an abbreviation for 'improvisation'. (INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

improve

[D.J.:imˈpru:v]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpruv]

vt. & vi.

改善, 改进, 提高

improved

adj.

改良的

improving

[imˈpru:viŋ]

n.

改进,改善(质量);精炼

improve ****

1. improve improves improving improved
If something improves or if you improve it, it gets better.

- Within a month, both the texture and condition of your hair should improve.

- The weather is beginning to improve.

- Time won't improve the situation.

- He improved their house.

V-ERG

2. improve improves improving improved
If a skill you have improves or you improve a skill, you get better at it.

- Their French has improved enormously.

- He said he was going to improve his football.

V-ERG

3. improve improves improving improved
If you improve after an illness or an injury, your health gets better or you get stronger.

- He had improved so much the doctor had cut his dosage.

VB
= recover

4. improve improves improving improved
If you improve on a previous achievement of your own or of someone else, you achieve a better standard or result.

- We need to improve on our performance against France.

VB

improve

verb

1.

enhance

advance

better

correct

help

rectify

touch up

upgrade

2.

progress

develop

make strides

pick up

rally

rise

improvement

[D.J.:imˈpru:vmənt]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpruvmənt]

n.

增加或修改

改进, 改善, 改良

improvement ***

1. improvement improvements
If there is an improvement in something, it becomes better. If you make improvements to something, you make it better.

- ...the dramatic improvements in organ transplantation in recent years...

- There is considerable room for improvement in state facilities for treating the mentally handicapped.

N-VAR

2. improvement improvements
If you say that something is an improvement on a previous thing or situation, you mean that it is better than that thing.

- The new Prime Minister is an improvement on his predecessor.

- The system we introduced in 1980 has been a great improvement.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N on n

improvement

noun

1.

enhancement

advancement

betterment

2.

progress

development

rally

recovery

upswing

improvisation

[D.J.:ɪmˌprɔvɪˈzeɪʃən, ˌɪmprəvɪ-]

[K.K.:ɪmˌprɑvɪˈzeʃən, ˌɪmprəvɪ-]

n.

即兴创作;即兴演说

即兴作品

improvise

[D.J.:ˈɪmprəˌvaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈɪmprəˌvaɪz]

vt. & vi.

临时制作, 临时凑成

improvise *

1. improvise improvises improvising improvised
If you improvise , you make or do something using whatever you have or without having planned it in advance.

- You need a wok with a steaming rack for this; if you don't have one, improvise.

- The vet had improvised a harness.

- The men huddled in holes in the sand or behind an improvised stone windbreak.

- ...tents improvised from sheets of heavy plastic draped over wooden poles.

VB

2. improvisation improvisations.

- Funds were not abundant and clever improvisation was necessary.

N-VAR

3. improvise improvises improvising improvised
When performers improvise , they invent music or words as they play, sing, or speak.

- I asked her what the piece was and she said, `Oh, I'm just improvising'.

- Uncle Richard intoned a chapter from the Bible and improvised a prayer.

- I think that the art of a storyteller is to take the story and improvise on it.

- ...improvised comedy.

VB

4. improvisation improvisations

- ...an improvisation on `Jingle Bells'.

N-VAR: oft N on n

improvisation

noun

1.

spontaneity

ad-libbing

extemporizing

invention

2.

makeshift

ad-lib

expedient

improvise

verb

1.

extemporize

ad-lib

busk

invent

play it by ear informal

speak off the cuff informal

wing it informal

2.

concoct

contrive

devise

throw together

imprudent

[D.J.:ɪmˈpru:dnt]

[K.K.:ɪmˈprudn..t]

adj.

不明智的, 不谨慎的

imprudent

imprudent
If you describe someone's behaviour as imprudent , you think it is not sensible or carefully thought out. (FORMAL)

- ...an imprudent investment he made many years ago...

- The Government of Jamaica consider it imprudent to abolish the death penalty.

ADJ-GRADED
= unwise

imprudent

adjective

unwise

careless

foolhardy

ill-advised

ill-considered

ill-judged

injudicious

irresponsible

rash

reckless

impudence

[D.J.:ˈimpjudəns]

[K.K.:ˈɪmpjədəns]

n.

粗鲁, 放肆; 无礼的言行

impudent

[D.J.:ˈɪmpjədənt]

[K.K.:ˈɪmpjədənt]

adj.

粗鲁的,无礼的

impudent

1. impudent
If you describe someone as impudent , you mean they are rude or disrespectful, or do something they have no right to do. (FORMAL)

- Some of them spoke pleasantly and were well behaved, while others were impudent and insulting.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= cheeky

2. impudence

- ...when one sister had the impudence to wear the other's clothes.

N-UNCOUNT
= cheek

impudence

noun

boldness

audacity

brazenness

cheek informal

effrontery

impertinence

insolence

nerve informal

presumption

shamelessness

impudent

adjective

bold

audacious

brazen

cheeky informal

impertinent

insolent

presumptuous

rude

shameless

impugn

[D.J.:ɪmˈpju:n]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpjun]

vt.

非难,指谪

对…有怀疑

impugn

impugn impugns impugning impugned
If you impugn something such as someone's motives or integrity, you imply that they are not entirely honest or honourable. (FORMAL)

- The Secretary's letter questions my veracity, impugns my motives, and tends to publicly discredit me.

- All I can hope is that the good name of the Bank will not be impugned in some way.

VB
= question

impulse

[D.J.:ˈimpʌls]

[K.K.:ˈɪmˌpʌls]

n.

凭冲动行事, 突如其来的念头

推动, 冲力, 刺激, 推动力

impulse **

1. impulse impulses
An impulse is a sudden desire to do something.

- Unable to resist the impulse, he glanced at the sea again.

- He still couldn't understand the impulse that had made him confide in Cassandra.

- Wade resisted an impulse to smile.

N-VAR: oft N to-inf

2. impulse impulses
An impulse is a short electrical signal that is sent along a wire or nerve or through the air, usually as one of a series.
N-COUNT

3. impulse
An impulse buy or impulse purchase is something that you decide to buy when you see it, although you had not planned to buy it.

- The curtains were an impulse buy.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. impulse
If you do something on impulse , you suddenly decide to do it, without planning it.

- Sean's a fast thinker, and he acts on impulse.

- After lunch she decided on impulse to take a bath.

PHR: PHR after v

impulse

noun

urge

caprice

feeling

inclination

notion

whim

wish

impulsive

[D.J.:ɪmˈpʌlsɪv]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpʌlsɪv]

adj.

(指人或人的行为)冲动的,易冲动的

impulsively

adv.

易冲动地

impulsiveness

n.

易冲动

impulsively

[D.J.:ɪmˈp ʌlsɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪmˈp ʌlsɪvlɪ]

adv.

冲动地

有推动力地

impulsive *

1. impulsive
If you describe someone as impulsive , you mean that they do things suddenly without thinking about them carefully first.

- He is too impulsive to be a responsible prime minister.

- Avoid making an impulsive decision.

ADJ-GRADED

2. impulsively

- He studied her face for a moment, then said impulsively: `Let's get married'.

- Impulsively she patted him on the arm.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. impulsiveness

- ...Walesa's flamboyant impulsiveness.

N-UNCOUNT

impulsive

adjective

instinctive

devil-may-care

hasty

impetuous

intuitive

passionate

precipitate

rash

spontaneous

impunity

[D.J.:ɪmˈpju:nɪti:]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpjunɪti]

n.

不受惩罚或伤害

impunity *

impunity
If you say that someone does something with impunity , you disapprove of the fact that they are not punished for doing something bad.

- Mr Cook said future aggressors would be able to act with impunity if the objectives of the UN weren't met.

- These gangs operate with apparent impunity.

PHR: PHR after v disapproval

impunity

noun

security

dispensation

exemption

freedom

immunity

liberty

licence

permission

impure

[D.J.:ɪmˈpjʊə]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpjʊr]

adj.

掺杂的, 掺假的

脏的

不纯洁的, 不贞的

impure

1. impure
A substance that is impure is not of good quality because it has other substances mixed with it.
ADJ-GRADED

2. impure
If you describe thoughts and actions as impure , you mean they are concerned with sex and are morally bad. (OLD-FASHIONED)
ADJ-GRADED

impure

adjective

1.

unrefined

adulterated

debased

mixed

2.

contaminated

defiled

dirty

infected

polluted

tainted

3.

immoral

corrupt

indecent

lascivious

lewd

licentious

obscene

unchaste

impurity

[D.J.:ɪmˈpjʊərɪti:]

[K.K.:ɪmˈpjʊrɪti]

n.

不纯,不洁,淫秽

杂质

impurity

1. impurity impurities
Impurities are substances that are present in small quantities in another substance and make it dirty or of an unacceptable quality.

- The air in the factory is filtered to remove impurities.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. impurity
Impurity is the state of being no longer pure, especially sexually pure.
N-UNCOUNT

impurity

noun

contamination

defilement

dirtiness

infection

pollution

taint

impute

impute imputes imputing imputed
If you impute something such as blame or a crime to someone, you say that they are responsible for it or are the cause of it. (FORMAL)

- It is grossly unfair to impute blame to the United Nations.

VB

in

[D.J.:in]

[K.K.:ɪn]

prep.

(表示位置)在…里面; 在, 于; 在…部位上

(表示时间)在…时期, 在…之后, 在过程中

(表示方向)往…内, 朝…方向

(表示状态)处于…之中, 在…情况下

(表示方式)用, 以, 按, 乘, 以…形式

(表示原因)由于, 为了

(表示领域, 范围)在…以内

(表示结果)当做, 作为

(表示目的)为了

adv.

进入, 入内

在家, 在里面

到达, 来临

当政, 当选

正当时令, 正当流行

in 1 position or movement *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, in is used after some verbs, nouns, and adjectives in order to introduce extra information. In is also used with verbs of movement such as `walk' and `push', and in phrasal verbs such as `give in' and `dig in'.)

1. in
Someone or something that is in something else is enclosed by it or surrounded by it. If you put something in a container, you move it so that it is enclosed by the container.

- He was in his car.

- ...clothes hanging in the wardrobe...

- Put the knives in the kitchen drawer.

- Mix the sugar and the water in a cup.

PREP

2. in
If something happens in a place, it happens there.

- ...spending a few days in a hotel...

- He had intended to take a holiday in America.

- Those rockets landed in the desert.

PREP

3. in
If you are in , you are present at your home or place of work.

- My flatmate was in at the time.

- He has had to be in every day.

ADV: be ADV
≠ out

4. in
When someone comes in , they enter a room or building.

- She looked up anxiously as he came in.

- They shook hands and went in.

ADV: ADV after v

5. in
If a train, boat, or plane has come in or is in , it has arrived at a station, port, or airport.

- We'd be watching every plane coming in from Melbourne.

- Look. The train's in. We'll have to run for it now.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV

6. in
When the sea or tide comes in , the sea moves towards the shore rather than away from it.

- She thought of the tide rushing in, covering the wet sand.

- If the tide was in they went swimming.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV
≠ out

7. in
Something that is in a window, especially a shop window, is just behind the window so that you can see it from outside.

- The light in the window went out.

- There was a camera for sale in the window.

PREP

8. in
When you see something in a mirror, the mirror shows an image of it.

- I couldn't bear to see my reflection in the mirror.

- He caught sight of his hair in a mirror.

PREP

9. in
If you are dressed in a piece of clothing, you are wearing it.

- He was a big man, smartly dressed in a suit and tie.

- ...three women in black.

PREP: oft -ed PREP n

10. in
Something that is covered or wrapped in something else has that thing over or round its surface.

- His legs were covered in mud.

- ...carrots wrapped in newspaper.

PREP: oft -ed PREP n

11. in
If there is something such as a crack or hole in something, there is a crack or hole on its surface.

- There was a deep crack in the ceiling above him.

- ...an unsightly hole in the garden.

PREP

in 2 inclusion or involvement *****

1. in
If something is in a book, film, play, or picture, you can read it or see it there.

- Don't stick too precisely to what it says in the book.

- ...one of the funniest scenes in the film.

PREP

2. in
If you are in something such as a play or a race, you are one of the people taking part.

- Alf offered her a part in the play he was directing.

- The Princess had been invited to ride in a charity race.

- More than fifteen thousand people took part in the memorial service.

PREP

3. in
Something that is in a group or collection is a member of it or part of it.

- The New England team are the worst in the league.

- ...the most spectacular painting in the collection.

PREP

4. in
You use in to specify a general subject or field of activity.

- ...those working in the defence industry.

- ...future developments in medicine and surgery.

PREP

in 3 time and numbers *****

1. in
If something happens in a particular year, month, or other period of time, it happens during that time.

- ...that early spring day in April 1949...

- Export orders improved in the last month.

- In the evening, the people assemble in the mosques.

- He believes food prices will go up in the future.

PREP

2. in
If something happens in a particular situation, it happens while that situation is going on.

- His father had been badly wounded in the last war.

- ...issues you struggle with in your daily life.

PREP

3. in
If you do something in a particular period of time, that is how long it takes you to do it.

- He walked two hundred and sixty miles in eight days.

PREP: PREP amount

4. in
If something will happen in a particular length of time, it will happen after that length of time.

- I'll have some breakfast ready in a few minutes.

- They'll be back in a few months.

PREP: PREP amount

5. in
You use in to indicate roughly how old someone is. For example, if someone is in their fifties, they are between 50 and 59 years old.

- ...young people in their twenties.

- ...Molly, a tall woman in her early sixties.

PREP: PREP poss pl-num

6. in
You use in to indicate roughly how many people or things do something.

- ...men who came there in droves...

- The children were assembled in hundreds.

- The jugs were produced in their millions.

PREP: oft PREP num

7. in
You use in to express a ratio, proportion, or probability.

- Last year, one in five boys left school without a qualification.

- He was told that he had a one in 500 chance of survival.

PREP: num PREP num

in 4 states and qualities *****

1. in
If something or someone is in a particular state or situation, that is their present state or situation.

- The economy was in trouble.

- Dave was in a hurry to get back to work.

- Their equipment was in poor condition.

- One of their men was in danger.

PREP: v-link PREP n

2. in
You use in to indicate the feeling or desire which someone has when they do something, or which causes them to do it.

- Simpson looked at them in surprise.

- Chris wept, crying freely in anger and grief.

- Carl pushed ahead in his eagerness to reach the wall.

PREP

3. in
If a particular quality or ability is in you, you naturally have it.

- Violence is not in his nature.

- I couldn't find it in me to embrace him.

PREP: oft PREP pron to-inf

4. in
You use in when saying that someone or something has a particular quality.

- He had all the qualities I was looking for in a partner.

- `I don't agree,' she said, surprised at the strength in her own voice.

- There is artistry in what he does.

PREP

5. in
You use in to indicate how someone is expressing something.

- Information is given to the patient verbally and in writing.

- ...lessons in languages other than Spanish.

- ...trying to speak in a casual voice.

- ...written in a simple but very expressive style.

PREP

6. in
You use in in expressions such as in a row or in a ball to describe the arrangement or shape of something.

- The cards need to be laid out in two rows.

- Her ear, shoulder and hip are in a straight line.

- He was curled up in a ball.

PREP

7. in
If something is in a particular colour, it has that colour.

- ...white flowers edged in pink...

- He saw something written in black on the gravestones.

PREP: oft -ed PREP colour

8. in
You use in to specify which feature or aspect of something you are talking about.

- The movie is nearly two hours in length.

- The oil is green in colour.

- There is a big difference in the amounts that banks charge.

- ...a real increase in the standard of living...

- The officers were rather slovenly in their methods.

PREP

in 5 other uses and phrases *****

1. in
If you say that something is in , or is the in thing, you mean it is fashionable or popular. (INFORMAL)

- A few years ago jogging was the in thing.

- It is the `in' place to go for a quick drink after work.

ADJ

2. in
You use in with a present participle to indicate that when you do something, something else happens as a result.

- He shifted uncomfortably on his feet. In doing so he knocked over Steven's briefcase.

PREP: PREP -ing

3. in
If you say that someone is in for a shock or a surprise, you mean that they are going to experience it.

- You might be in for a shock at the sheer hard work involved.

- When you venture outside, you are in for a surprise.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

4. in
If someone has it in for you, they dislike you and try to cause problems for you. (INFORMAL)

- The other kids had it in for me.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

5. in
If you are in on something, you are involved in it or know about it.

- I don't know. I wasn't in on that particular argument.

- I'm going to let you in on a little secret.

PHR-PREP: v-link PREP n, v n PREP n

6. in
If you are in with a person or group, they like you and accept you, and are likely to help you. (INFORMAL)
PHR: PHR n

7. in
You use in that to introduce an explanation of a statement you have just made.

- I'm lucky in that I've got four sisters.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

8. in
The ins and outs of a situation are all the detailed points and facts about it.

- ...the ins and outs of high finance...

- Dietary experts can advise on the ins and outs of dieting.

PHR: usu the PHR of n/-ing

in. **

in.
in. is a written abbreviation for inch . The plural can be `in.' or `ins'.

- ...30.4 x 25.4 cm (12 x 10 in)...

- It is 24 ins wide and 16 ins high.

in-

[in]

pref.

表示“否定,与…相反”之义

in-

in-
In- is added to some words to form words with the opposite meaning. For example, something that is incorrect is not correct.

- ...incomplete answers.

- ...women who are insecure about themselves.

PREFIX

inability

[D.J.:ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti]

n.

无能,无力

inability **

inability
If you refer to someone's inability to do something, you are referring to the fact that they are unable to do it.

- Her inability to concentrate could cause an accident.

- ...the government's inability to provide basic services.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N to-inf, usu with poss
≠ ability

inability

noun

incapability

disability

disqualification

impotence

inadequacy

incapacity

incompetence

ineptitude

powerlessness

inaccessibility

n.

不易接近,难达到

inaccessible

[D.J.:ˌɪnækˈsesəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnækˈsɛsəbəl]

adj.

达不到的, 不可及的

inaccessible *

1. inaccessible
An inaccessible place is very difficult or impossible to reach.

- ...people living in remote and inaccessible parts of China...

- The route took us through scenery quite inaccessible to the motorist.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

2. inaccessibility

- Poor roads and inaccessibility make food distribution very difficult.

N-UNCOUNT

3. inaccessible
If something is inaccessible , you are unable to see, use, or buy it.

- Ninety-five per cent of its magnificent collection will remain inaccessible to the public.

- We gained a rich supply of data which would normally be inaccessible.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n
= unavailable

4. inaccessibility

- The problem of inaccessibility of essential goods, especially of food, is reaching a crisis point.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

5. inaccessible
Someone or something that is inaccessible is difficult or impossible to understand or appreciate.

- A lot of contemporary music is virtually inaccessible.

- ...using language that is inaccessible to working people.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n disapproval

6. inaccessibility

- White was fascinated by bizarre characters, which added to the inaccessibility of his literature.

N-UNCOUNT

inaccessible

adjective

out of reach

impassable

out of the way

remote

unapproachable

unattainable

unreachable

inaccuracy

[D.J.:ɪnˈækjərəsi:]

[K.K.:ɪnˈækjərəsi]

n.

不准确,误差

不准确的说法

inaccuracy

inaccuracy inaccuracies
The inaccuracy of a statement or measurement is the fact that it is not accurate or correct.

- He was disturbed by the inaccuracy of the answers.

- A reporter tries to guard against inaccuracies by checking with a variety of sources.

N-VAR
≠ accuracy

inaccuracy

noun

error

defect

erratum

fault

lapse

mistake

inaccurate

[D.J.:ɪnˈækjərɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈækjərɪt]

adj.

有错误的,不正确的

inaccurately

adv.

不精密地,不准确地

inaccurate *

1. inaccurate
If a statement or measurement is inaccurate , it is not accurate or correct.

- The book is both inaccurate and exaggerated.

- The reports were based on inaccurate information.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ accurate

2. inaccurately

- He claimed his remarks had been reported inaccurately.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

inaccurate

adjective

incorrect

defective

erroneous

faulty

imprecise

mistaken

out

unreliable

unsound

wrong

inaction

[D.J.:ɪnˈækʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈækʃən]

n.

无行动,无作为,不活跃

inaction *

inaction
If you refer to someone's inaction , you disapprove of the fact that they are doing nothing.

- He is bitter about the inaction of the other political parties.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss disapproval

inactive

[D.J.:ɪnˈæktɪv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈæktɪv]

adj.

不活动的,不活跃的,懒散的

不再工作的;不再运行的

参加活动不踊跃的

inactively

adv.

不活动地,不活跃地,懒散地

inactivity

n.

不活动,不活跃,懒散

inactively

adv.

不活动地,无用地

inactivity

n.

静止,不活泼,休止状态

inactive *

1. inactive
Someone or something that is inactive is not doing anything or is not working.

- He certainly was not politically inactive.

- The satellite had been inactive since its launch two years ago.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ active

2. inactivity

- The players have comparatively long periods of inactivity.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ activity

inactive

adjective

unused

dormant

idle

inoperative

unemployed

unoccupied

inactivity

noun

immobility

dormancy

hibernation

inaction

passivity

unemployment

inadequacy

[D.J.:ɪnˈædɪkwəsi:]

[K.K.:ɪnˈædɪkwəsi]

n.

不充分, 不足, 不胜任

毛病, 缺陷, 弱点

inadequacy *

1. inadequacy inadequacies
The inadequacy of something is the fact that there is not enough of it, or that it is not good enough.

- ...the inadequacy of the water supply...

- The inadequacies of the current system have already been recognised.

- This man drank rather heavily in an effort to come to terms with his own inadequacies.

N-VAR: oft the N of n
= insufficiency ≠ adequacy

2. inadequacy
If someone has feelings of inadequacy , they feel that they do not have the qualities and abilities necessary to do something or to cope with life in general.

- The feeling of inadequacy was overpowering.

- ...his deep-seated sense of inadequacy.

N-UNCOUNT

inadequacy

noun

1.

shortage

dearth

insufficiency

meagreness

paucity

poverty

scantiness

2.

incompetence

deficiency

inability

incapacity

ineffectiveness

3.

shortcoming

defect

failing

imperfection

weakness

inadequate

[D.J.:ɪnˈædɪkwɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈædɪkwɪt]

adj.

不充足的,不适当的

不足胜任的,信心不足的

inadequately

adv.

不充足地,不适当地;不足胜任地

inadequately

adv.

不适当地

inadequate **

1. inadequate
If something is inadequate , there is not enough of it or it is not good enough.

- Supplies of food and medicines are inadequate.

- The problem goes far beyond inadequate staffing.

ADJ-GRADED
= insufficient ≠ adequate

2. inadequately

- The projects were inadequately funded.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. inadequate
If someone feels inadequate , they feel that they do not have the qualities and abilities necessary to do something or to cope with life in general.

- I still feel inadequate, useless and mixed up.

- Mary Ann felt painfully inadequate in the crisis.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= incapable

inadequate

adjective

1.

insufficient

meagre

scant

sketchy

sparse

2.

incompetent

deficient

faulty

found wanting

incapable

not up to scratch informal

unqualified

inadmissible

[D.J.:ˌɪnədˈmisibl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnədˈmɪsəbəl]

adj.

不能允许的, 不可接受的

inadmissible

1. inadmissible
Inadmissible evidence cannot be used in a court of law.

- The judge ruled that identification evidence presented by the prosecution was inadmissible.

ADJ
≠ admissible

2. inadmissible
If you say that something that someone says or does is inadmissible , you think that it is totally unacceptable.

- He said the use of force would be inadmissible.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ disapproval

inadmissible

adjective

unacceptable

inappropriate

irrelevant

unallowable

inadvertent

[D.J.:ˌɪnədˈvɜ:tnt]

[K.K.:ˌɪnədˈvə..tn..t]

adj.

粗心大意的, 因疏忽造成的, 非故意的

inadvertently

[D.J.:ˌɪnədˈvɜ:təntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌɪnədˈvə..t n..tlɪ]

adv.

漫不经心地；疏忽地

非故意地

inadvertent *

1. inadvertent
An inadvertent action is one that you do without realizing what you are doing.

- The government has said it was an inadvertent error.

ADJ
= unintentional ≠ deliberate

2. inadvertently

- You may have inadvertently pressed the wrong button.

ADV: ADV with v

inadvertently

adverb

unintentionally

accidentally

by accident

by mistake

involuntarily

mistakenly

unwittingly

inadvisability

n.

不能变更,失策

inadvisable

[D.J.:ˌɪnədˈvaɪzəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnədˈvaɪzəbəl]

adj.

不明智的,不可取的,不妥当的

inadvisability

n.

inadvisable

inadvisable
A course of action that is inadvisable should not be carried out because it is not wise or sensible.

- For three days, it was inadvisable to leave the harbour.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
= unwise ≠ advisable

inadvisable

adjective

unwise

ill-advised

impolitic

imprudent

inexpedient

injudicious

inalienable

[D.J.:ɪnˈeɪljənəbəl, -ˈeɪli:ə-]

[K.K.:ɪnˈeljənəbəl, -ˈeliə-]

adj.

不能转让的,不可分割的

inalienable

inalienable
If you say that someone has an inalienable right to something, you are emphasizing that they have a right to it which cannot be changed or taken away. (FORMAL)

- He said the republic now had an inalienable right to self-determination.

- ...respect for the inalienable rights of peoples and nations.

ADJ: usu ADJ n emphasis

inane

[D.J.:ɪnˈeɪn]

[K.K.:ɪnˈen]

adj.

无意义的, 无比愚蠢的

inanity

[D.J.:ɪˈnænɪti:]

[K.K.:ɪˈnænɪti]

n.

空洞;浅薄;愚蠢

空洞的言行

空虚

inane

1. inane
If you describe someone's behaviour or actions as inane , you think they are very silly or stupid.

- He always had this inane grin.

- She started asking me inane questions.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= idiotic

2. inanely

- He lurched through the bar, grinning inanely.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. inanity

- ...the inanity of the conversation.

N-UNCOUNT

inane

adjective

senseless

empty

fatuous

frivolous

futile

idiotic

mindless

silly

stupid

vacuous

inanimate

[D.J.:ɪnˈænəmɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈænəmɪt]

adj.

无生命的

无生气的, 无精打采的, 单调的

inanimate

inanimate
An inanimate object is one that has no life.

- He thinks that inanimate objects have a life of their own.

ADJ
≠ animate

inanimate

adjective

lifeless

cold

dead

defunct

extinct

inert

inapplicable

[D.J.:inˈæplikəbl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈæplɪkəbəl, ˌɪnəˈplɪkə-]

adj.

不适用的

inapplicable

inapplicable
Something that is inapplicable to what you are talking about is not relevant or appropriate to it.

- His theory was inapplicable to many underdeveloped economies.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n
= irrelevant ≠ applicable

inapplicable

adjective

irrelevant

inappropriate

unsuitable

inappropriate

[D.J.:ˌɪnəˈprəʊpri:ɪt]

[K.K.:ˌɪnəˈpropriɪt]

adj.

不恰当的, 不适宜的

inappropriately

adv.

不适当地

inappropriate **

1. inappropriate
Something that is inappropriate is not useful or suitable for a particular situation or purpose.

- The industry is inappropriate to the region's present and future needs.

- There is no suggestion that clients have been sold inappropriate policies.

ADJ-GRADED
= unsuitable ≠ appropriate

2. inappropriately

- He was dressed inappropriately for the heat in a dark suit.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. inappropriate
If you say that someone's speech or behaviour in a particular situation is inappropriate , you are criticizing it because you think it is not suitable for that situation.

- I feel the remark was inappropriate for such a serious issue.

- It is inappropriate for a judge to belong to a discriminatory club.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ for n, it v-link ADJ to-inf disapproval

4. inappropriately

- You have the law on your side if the bank is acting inappropriately.

- ...behavior that may appear inappropriately childish.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

inappropriate

adjective

unsuitable

improper

incongruous

out of place

unbecoming

unbefitting

unfitting

unseemly

untimely

inarticulate

[D.J.:ˌɪnɑ:ˈtɪkjəlɪt]

[K.K.:ˌɪnɑrˈtɪkjəlɪt]

adj.

不善辞令的

inarticulate

inarticulate
If someone is inarticulate , they are unable to express themselves easily or well in speech.

- Inarticulate and rather shy, he had always dreaded speaking in public.

- Kempton made an inarticulate noise at the back of his throat as if he were about to choke.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ articulate

inarticulate

adjective

faltering

halting

hesitant

poorly spoken

inasmuch as

inasmuch as
You use inasmuch as to introduce a statement which explains something you have just said, and adds to it. (FORMAL)

- We were doubly lucky inasmuch as my friend was living on the island and spoke Greek fluently.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD also in as much as .
= insofar as

inattention

[D.J.:ˌɪnəˈtenʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnəˈtɛnʃən]

n.

不注意;漫不经心；心不在焉

粗心；疏忽

inattention

inattention
A person's inattention is their lack of attention.

- Vital evidence had been destroyed as a result of a moment's inattention.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ attention

inattention

noun

neglect

absent-mindedness

carelessness

daydreaming

inattentiveness

preoccupation

thoughtlessness

inattentive

[ˌɪnəˈtentiv]

adj.

不注意的

疏忽的, 漫不经心的

inattentive

inattentive
Someone who is inattentive is not paying complete attention to a person or thing, which often causes an accident or problems.
ADJ-GRADED
≠ attentive

inattentive

adjective

preoccupied

careless

distracted

dreamy

negligent

unobservant

vague

inaudible

[D.J.:ɪnˈɔ:dəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɔdəbəl]

adj.

听不见的

inaudibly

adv.

inaudibly

adv.

听不见似地,不可闻地

inaudible

inaudible
If a sound is inaudible , you are unable to hear it.

- His voice was almost inaudible.

- Animals are able to hear high-pitched sounds that are inaudible to humans.

ADJ
≠ audible

inaudible

adjective

indistinct

low

mumbling

out of earshot

stifled

unheard

inaugural

[D.J.:ɪnˈɔ:gjərəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɔɡjərəl]

adj.

就职的, 就任的

inaugural *

inaugural
An inaugural meeting or speech is the first meeting of a new organization or the first speech by the new leader of an organization or a country.

- In his inaugural address, the President appealed for national unity.

ADJ: ADJ n

inaugural

adjective

first

initial

introductory

maiden

opening

inaugurate

[D.J.:iˈnɔ:ɡjureit]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɔɡjəˌret]

vt.

为…举行就职典礼

为…举行仪式, 为…举行落成[开幕]仪式

开创, 创始

inauguration

[D.J.:ɪnˌɔ:gjəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˌɔɡjəˈreʃən]

n.

就职;就职典礼

开始;开创

开幕(式);落成(典礼)

inaugurate *

1. inaugurate inaugurates inaugurating inaugurated
When a new leader is inaugurated , they are formally given their new position at an official ceremony.

- The new President will be inaugurated on January 20.

VB: usu passive

2. inauguration inaugurations

- ...the inauguration of the new Governor.

- ...his long inauguration speech.

N-VAR: oft N of n, N n

3. inaugurate inaugurates inaugurating inaugurated
When a new building or institution is inaugurated , it is declared open in a formal ceremony.

- A new centre for research on toxic waste was inaugurated today at Imperial College.

VB: usu passive
= open

4. inauguration

- They later attended the inauguration of the University.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

5. inaugurate inaugurates inaugurating inaugurated
If you inaugurate a new system or service, you start it. (FORMAL)

- Pan Am inaugurated the first scheduled international flight.

VB

inaugurate

verb

1.

launch

begin

commence

get under way

initiate

institute

introduce

set in motion

2.

invest

induct

install

inauguration

noun

1.

launch

initiation

institution

opening

setting up

2.

investiture

induction

installation

inauspicious

[D.J.:ˌɪnɔ:ˈspɪʃəs]

[K.K.:ˌɪnɔˈspɪʃəs]

adj.

不祥的,凶兆的

不幸的,倒霉的

inauspicious

inauspicious
An inauspicious event is one that gives signs that success is unlikely. (FORMAL)

- The meeting got off to an inauspicious start with one of the main participants failing to turn up.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ auspicious

inauspicious

adjective

unpromising

bad

discouraging

ill-omened

ominous

unfavourable

unfortunate

unlucky

unpropitious

inboard

[D.J.:ˈinbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

adj.

舷内的

adv.

在向内,在船内

inboard

inboard
An inboard motor or engine is inside a boat rather than attached to the outside.
ADJ: ADJ n
≠ outboard

inborn

[D.J.:ˈɪnˌbɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌbɔrn]

adj.

天生的, 先天的, 固有的

inborn

inborn
Inborn qualities are natural ones which you are born with.

- He had an inborn talent for languages.

- It is clear that the ability to smile is inborn.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= innate inbred

inborn

adjective

natural

congenital

hereditary

inbred

ingrained

inherent

innate

instinctive

intuitive

native

inbound

[D.J.:ˈɪnˌbaʊnd]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌbaʊnd]

adj.

回内地的;归本国的

inbound

inbound
An inbound flight is one that is arriving from another place.

- ...a special inbound flight from Honduras.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ outbound

inbred

[D.J.:ˈɪnˈbred]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˈbrɛd]

adj.

天生的

近亲繁殖的

inbred

1. inbred
Inbred means the same as inborn .

- She had that inbred politeness, it was a part of her.

- ...behaviour patterns that are inbred.

ADJ
= innate inborn

2. inbred
People who are inbred have ancestors who are all closely related to each other.

- The whole population is so inbred that no genetic differences remain.

- He came from an old inbred family.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

inbred

adjective

innate

constitutional

deep-seated

ingrained

inherent

native

natural

inbreeding

[D.J.:inˈbri:diŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌbridɪŋ]

n.

同系繁殖,近亲交配

inbreeding

inbreeding
Inbreeding is the repeated breeding of closely related animals or people.

- In the 19th century, inbreeding nearly led to the extinction of the royal family.

N-UNCOUNT

inbuilt

[D.J.:ˈinbilt]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌbɪlt]

adj.

嵌入的,内藏的

inbuilt

inbuilt
An inbuilt quality is one that someone has from the time they were born or that something has from the time it was produced. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use built-in )

- The children had this inbuilt awareness that not everyone was as lucky as they were.

- ...the only answering machine with inbuilt fax and printer.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also in-built .

inc.

abbr.

=inclosure

=included

=including

=inclusive

=incorporated

=increase

=income

=incomplete

inc.

inc.
In written advertisements, inc. is an abbreviation for including .

- The hotel offers a two-night break for £210 per person, inc. breakfast and dinner.

= incl.

Inc

n.

(有限)公司,包括

Inc. ***

Inc.
Inc. is an abbreviation for Incorporated when it is used after a company's name. (AM)

- ...BP America Inc.

incalculability

n.

不计其数,无数

incalculable

[D.J.:ɪnˈkælkjələbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkælkjələbəl]

adj.

数不清的；不可估量的；极大的

不可预料的

无法确定的；不可靠的

incalculability

n.

incalculably

adv.

incalculably

adv.

不可胜数地,无数地

incalculable

incalculable
Something that is incalculable cannot be calculated or estimated because it is so great.

- He warned that the effects of any war would be incalculable.

- This has done incalculable damage to his reputation.

ADJ
= inestimable

incalculable

adjective

countless

boundless

infinite

innumerable

limitless

numberless

untold

vast

incandescence

[D.J.:ˌinkænˈdesəns]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkənˈdɛsəns]

n.

白热,炽热

incandescent

[D.J.:ˌɪnkənˈdesənt]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkənˈdɛsənt]

adj.

<术>白热的;白炽的

<正>十分明亮的,耀眼的

<正>感情强烈的;激情的

incandescent

1. incandescent
Incandescent substances or devices give out a lot of light when heated. (TECHNICAL)

- ...incandescent gases.

- ...incandescent light bulbs.

ADJ

2. incandescent
If you describe someone or something as incandescent , you mean that they are very lively and impressive. (LITERARY)

- Gill had an extraordinary, incandescent personality.

- ...an incandescent performance from Jessye Norman.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. incandescence

- She burned with an incandescence that had nothing to do with her looks.

N-UNCOUNT

4. incandescent
If you say that someone is incandescent with rage, you mean that they are extremely angry. (LITERARY)

- It makes me incandescent with fury.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n

incantation

[D.J.:ˌɪnkænˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkænˈteʃən]

n.

咒语, 符咒

incantation

incantation incantations
An incantation is a series of words that a person says or sings as a magic spell. (FORMAL)

- ...huddled shapes whispering strange prayers and incantations.

N-COUNT
= chant

incantation

noun

chant

charm

formula

invocation

spell

incapable

[D.J.:ɪnˈkeɪpəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkepəbəl]

adj.

无能力的, 不会的

incapable *

1. incapable
Someone who is incapable of doing something is unable to do it.

- She seemed incapable of taking decisions.

- He was a man incapable of violence.

ADJ: v-link ADJ of -ing/n
≠ capable

2. incapable
An incapable person is weak or stupid.

- He lost his job for allegedly being incapable.

ADJ
≠ capable

incapable

adjective

1.

incompetent

feeble

inadequate

ineffective

inept

inexpert

insufficient

unfit

unqualified

weak

2.

unable

helpless

impotent

powerless

incapacitate

[D.J.:ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪˌteɪt]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪˌtet]

vt.

使无能力,使不适合

incapacitate

1. incapacitate incapacitates incapacitating incapacitated
If something incapacitates you, it weakens you in some way, so that you cannot do certain things. (FORMAL)

- A serious fall incapacitated the 68-year-old congressman.

VB

2. incapacitated

- He is incapacitated and can't work.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

incapacitate

verb

disable

cripple

immobilize

lay up informal

paralyse

put out of action informal

incapacitated

adjective

indisposed

hors de combat

immobilized

laid up informal

out of action informal

unfit

incapacity

[D.J.:ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪti]

n.

无能力,伤残

(法律上)无行为能力

incapacity

incapacity
The incapacity of a person, society, or system to do something is their inability to do it. (FORMAL)

- ...Europe's incapacity to take collective action...

- Patients with no mental incapacity can refuse treatment.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss, oft N to-inf
= inability

incapacity

noun

inability

impotence

inadequacy

incapability

incompetency

ineffectiveness

powerlessness

unfitness

weakness

incarcerate

[D.J.:ɪnˈkɑ:səˌreɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkɑrsəˌret]

vt.

监禁,禁闭

incarceration

n.

监禁,禁闭

incarcerated

钳闭的

incarceration

n.

钳闭

incarcerate *

1. incarcerate incarcerates incarcerating incarcerated
If people are incarcerated , they are kept in a prison or other place. (FORMAL)

- They were incarcerated for the duration of the war.

- It can cost $40,000 to $50,000 to incarcerate a prisoner for a year.

VB
= imprison

2. incarceration

- ...her mother's incarceration in a psychiatric hospital.

N-UNCOUNT
= imprisonment

incarcerate

verb

imprison

confine

detain

impound

intern

jail or gaol

lock up

throw in jail

incarceration

noun

imprisonment

captivity

confinement

detention

internment

incarnate

adj.

[D.J.:ɪnˈkɑ:nɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkɑrnɪt]

人体化的,…化身的

vt.

[D.J.:ˈɪnkɑ:neɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɪnkɑrnet]

赋予(思想、精神等)以人的形体,使人格化

体现,使具体化

incarnate

1. incarnate
If you say that someone is a quality incarnate , you mean that they represent that quality or are typical of it in an extreme form.

- She is evil incarnate.

- He is cynicism incarnate.

ADJ: n ADJ
= personified

2. incarnate
You use incarnate to say that something, especially a god or spirit, is represented in human form.

- Why should God become incarnate as a male?.

- The pharaoh is Osiris, the moon bull incarnate.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, n ADJ, ADJ n

3. incarnate incarnates incarnating incarnated
If you say that a quality is incarnated in a person, you mean that they represent that quality or are typical of it in an extreme form.

- The iniquities of the regime are incarnated in one man.

- ...a writer who incarnates the changing consciousness of the Americas.

VB
= embody

4. incarnate incarnates incarnating incarnated
If you say that someone or something is incarnated in a particular form, you mean that they appear on earth in that form.

- He was the god Vishnu incarnated on earth as a righteous king.

VB: usu passive

incarnate

adjective

personified

embodied

typified

incarnation

[D.J.:ˌɪnkɑ:ˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkɑrˈneʃən]

n.

赋予形体, 化身;体现, 具体化

前身, 前世

典型, 化身

incarnation *

1. incarnation incarnations
If you say that someone is the incarnation of a particular quality, you mean that they represent that quality or are typical of it in an extreme form.

- The regime was the very incarnation of evil.

- She is a perfect incarnation of glamour.

N-COUNT: N of n
= embodiment

2. incarnation incarnations
An incarnation is an instance of being alive on earth in a particular form. Some religions believe that people have several incarnations in different forms.

- She began recalling a series of previous incarnations.

- His industry and persistence suggest that he was an ant in a previous incarnation.

N-COUNT

incarnation

noun

embodiment

epitome

manifestation

personification

type

incautious

[D.J.:inˈkɔ:ʃəs]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkɔʃəs]

adj.

不谨慎的

incautiously

adv.

鲁莽地

incautious

1. incautious
If you say that someone is incautious , you are criticizing them because they do or say something without thinking or planning. (FORMAL)

- In case you think I was incautious, take a look at the map.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= rash foolish ≠ cautious

2. incautiously

- Incautiously, Crook had asked where she was.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

incendiary

[D.J.:ɪnˈsendi:ˌeri:]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɛndiˌɛri]

adj.

放火的, 纵火的, 能燃烧的

(人或行为)煽动性的

incendiary *

1. incendiary
Incendiary weapons or attacks are ones that cause large fires.

- Five incendiary devices were found in her house.

- ...incendiary attacks on shops.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. incendiary incendiaries
An incendiary is an incendiary bomb.

- A shower of incendiaries struck the Opera House.

N-COUNT

incense

[D.J.:ˈinsens]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɛns]

n.

香

vi.

焚香, 烧香

[inˈsens]

vt.

使发怒, 激怒

incense *

1. incense
Incense is a substance that is burned for its sweet smell, often as part of a religious ceremony.
N-UNCOUNT

2. incense incenses incensing incensed
If you say that something incenses you, you mean that it makes you extremely angry.

- This proposal will incense conservation campaigners.

VB
= enrage

3. incensed

- Mum was incensed at his lack of compassion.

- He followed her, incensed that she'd dared to leave him alone.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ at/by n, ADJ that

incense

verb

anger

enrage

inflame

infuriate

irritate

madden

make one's hackles rise

rile informal

incensed

adjective

angry

enraged

fuming

furious

indignant

infuriated

irate

maddened

steamed up slang

up in arms

incentive

[D.J.:inˈsentiv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɛntɪv]

n.

激励某人做某事的事物; 刺激; 诱因, 动机

incentive **

incentive incentives
If something is an incentive to do something, it encourages you to do it.

- There is little or no incentive to adopt such measures.

- Many companies in Britain are keen on the idea of tax incentives for R&D.

N-VAR: oft N to-inf
= inducement

incentive

noun

encouragement

bait

carrot informal

enticement

inducement

lure

motivation

spur

stimulus

inception

[D.J.:ɪnˈsepʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɛpʃən]

n.

开始, 开端, 初期

inception *

inception
The inception of an institution or activity is the start of it. (FORMAL)

- Since its inception the company has produced 53 different aircraft designs.

N-UNCOUNT: with poss

inception

noun

beginning

birth

commencement

dawn

initiation

origin

outset

start

incessant

[D.J.:inˈsesnt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɛsənt]

adj.

不停的, 持续不断的

incessantly

[D.J.:ɪnˈsesntlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈs ɛsntlɪ]

adv.

不断地,不停地

incessant *

1. incessant
An incessant process or activity is one that continues without stopping.

- Incessant rain made conditions almost intolerable.

- ...his incessant demands for affection.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= constant ≠ intermittent

2. incessantly

- Dee talked incessantly about herself.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

incessant

adjective

endless

ceaseless

constant

continual

eternal

interminable

never-ending

nonstop

perpetual

unceasing

unending

incessantly

adverb

endlessly

ceaselessly

constantly

continually

eternally

interminably

nonstop

perpetually

persistently

incest

[D.J.:ˈinsest]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌsɛst]

n.

乱伦

incest *

incest
Incest is the crime of two members of the same family having sexual intercourse, for example a father and daughter, or a brother and sister.
N-UNCOUNT

incestuous

[D.J.:inˈsestjuəs]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɛstʃuəs]

adj.

血亲相奸的,乱伦的

incestuous

1. incestuous
An incestuous relationship is one involving sexual intercourse between two members of the same family, for example a father and daughter, or a brother and sister.

- They accused her of an incestuous relationship with her father.

ADJ

2. incestuous
If you describe a group of people as incestuous , you disapprove of the fact that they are not interested in ideas or people from outside the group.

- Its inhabitants are a close and incestuous lot.

- Hospitals are very incestuous places.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

inch

[D.J.:intʃ]

[K.K.:ɪntʃ]

n.

英寸

少量, 短距离

vt. & vi.

(使)缓慢地移动

inched

[intʃt]

adj.

有英寸刻度的,英寸的

inching

[ˈintʃiŋ]

n.

缓动

inch ***

1. inch inches
An inch is an imperial unit of length, approximately equal to 2.54 centimetres. There are twelve inches in a foot.

- ...a candy tin 6 inches high and 8 inches in diameter.

- ...18 inches below the surface.

N-COUNT: num N, oft N of n

2. inch inches inching inched
To inch somewhere means to move there very slowly and carefully, or to make something do this.

- ...a climber inching up a vertical wall of rock...

- He inched the van forward.

- An ambulance inched its way through the crowd.

V-ERG

3. inch
If you talk about every inch of an area, you are emphasizing that you mean the whole of it.

- Every inch of shelf space was crammed with books.

- We are prepared to fight for every inch of territory.

PHR: usu PHR of n emphasis

4. inch
If you say that someone looks every inch a certain type of person, you are emphasizing that they look exactly like that kind of person.

- He looks every inch the City businessman, with his grey suit, dark blue shirt and blue tie.

- There stood Gertrude, looking every inch a star.

PHR: v-link PHR n emphasis

5. inch
If someone or something moves inch by inch , they move very slowly and carefully.

- The car moved forward inch by inch.

- The police were searching the area inch by inch.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

inchoate

[D.J.:ɪnˈkəʊɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkoɪt]

adj.

才开始的

未完成的,不发达的

inchoation

n.

inchoation

[ˌinkəuˈeiʃən]

n.

开始,发端,肇始

inchoate

inchoate
If something is inchoate , it is recent or new, and vague or not yet properly developed. (FORMAL)

- His dreams were senseless and inchoate.

- ...the inchoate mood of dissatisfaction with all politicians.

ADJ
= incoherent

incidence

[D.J.:ˈinsidəns]

[K.K.:ˈɪnsɪdəns]

n.

发生率, 影响范围

incidence *

incidence incidences
The incidence of something bad, such as a disease, is the frequency with which it occurs, or the occasions when it occurs.

- The incidence of breast cancer increases with age.

- ...the high incidence of child mortality.

- ...a couple of isolated incidences.

N-VAR

incident

[D.J.:ˈinsidənt]

[K.K.:ˈɪnsɪdənt]

n.

发生的事, 小插曲

敌对行动, 军事冲突

骚乱, 事故, 暴力事件

incident ****

incident incidents
An incident is something that happens, often something that is unpleasant. (FORMAL)

- These incidents were the latest in a series of disputes between the two nations.

- 26 people have been killed in a dramatic shooting incident.

- The voting went ahead without incident.

N-COUNT: also without N

incident

noun

1.

happening

adventure

episode

event

fact

matter

occasion

occurrence

2.

disturbance

clash

commotion

confrontation

contretemps

scene

incidental

[D.J.:ˌɪnsɪˈdentl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntl..]

adj.

附属的

易发生的；偶然发生的

n.

附带事件

incidental *

incidental
If one thing is incidental to another, it is less important than the other thing or is not a major part of it.

- The playing of music proved to be incidental to the main business of the evening.

- At the bottom of the bill, you will notice various incidental expenses such as faxes.

ADJ: oft ADJ to n

incidental

adjective

secondary

ancillary

minor

nonessential

occasional

subordinate

subsidiary

incidentally

[D.J.:ˌɪnsiˈdentəli]

[K.K.:ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntli]

adv.

顺便提一句

偶然地, 不经意地

incidentally **

1. incidentally
You use incidentally to introduce a point which is not directly relevant to what you are saying, often a question or extra information that you have just thought of.

- `I didn't ask you to come. Incidentally, why have you come?'.

- The tower, incidentally, dates from the twelfth century.

ADV: ADV with cl
= by the way

2. incidentally
If something occurs only incidentally , it is less important than another thing or is not a major part of it.

- The letter mentioned my great-aunt and uncle only incidentally.

ADV: ADV with v

incidentally

adverb

parenthetically

by the bye

by the way

in passing

incidental music

incidental music
In a film, play, or television programme, incidental music is music that is played to create a particular atmosphere.
N-UNCOUNT

incident room

incident room incident rooms
An incident room is a room used by the police while they are dealing with a major crime or accident. (BRIT)

- Police have set up an incident room as they begin to investigate this morning's fire.

N-COUNT: usu sing

incinerate

[D.J.:ɪnˈsɪnəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɪnəˌret]

vt.

把(废物)烧成灰烬

incineration

n.

焚化,火葬

incineration

[D.J.:ɪnˌsɪnəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˌsɪnəˈreʃən]

n.

焚化;烧成灰

incinerate *

1. incinerate incinerates incinerating incinerated
When authorities incinerate rubbish or waste material, they burn it completely in a special container.

- The government is trying to stop hospitals incinerating their own waste.

VB

2. incineration

- ...banning the incineration of lead batteries.

- ...an incineration plant.

N-UNCOUNT

3. incinerate incinerates incinerating incinerated
If people are incinerated , for example in a bomb attack or a fire, they are burnt to death.

- The cars caught fire on impact and some of the victims were incinerated.

VB: usu passive

incinerate

verb

burn up

carbonize

char

cremate

reduce to ashes

incinerator

[D.J.:ɪnˈsɪnəˌreɪtə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɪnəˌretɚ]

n.

(废物的)焚化炉

incinerator *

incinerator incinerators
An incinerator is a special large container for burning rubbish at a very high temperature.
N-COUNT

incipient

[D.J.:ɪnˈsɪpi:ənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɪpiənt]

adj.

开始的,初期的

incipient

incipient
An incipient situation or quality is one that is starting to happen or develop. (FORMAL)

- ...an incipient economic recovery...

- There were signs of incipient panic.

ADJ: ADJ n
= impending

incipient

adjective

beginning

commencing

developing

embryonic

inchoate

nascent

starting

incise

[D.J.:ɪnˈsaɪz]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsaɪz]

vt.

(在表面)雕, 刻

incised

[D.J.:inˈsaizd]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsaɪzd]

adj.

雕刻的,切入的,雕刻的,有锯齿状边缘的

incising

刻痕

incise

incise incises incising incised
If an object is incised with a design, the design is carefully cut into the surface of the object with a sharp instrument. (FORMAL)

- After the surface is polished, a design is incised or painted.

- ...a set of chairs incised with Grecian scrolls.

VB: usu passive

incision

[D.J.:ɪnˈsɪʒən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɪʒən]

n.

切开;切口

incision

incision incisions
An incision is a sharp cut made in something, for example by a surgeon who is operating on a patient.

- The technique involves making a tiny incision in the skin.

N-COUNT
= opening cut

incision

noun

cut

gash

notch

opening

slash

slit

incisive

[D.J.:ɪnˈsaɪsɪv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsaɪsɪv]

adj.

直接的, 尖锐的, 深刻的, 单刀直入的

incisive *

incisive
You use incisive to describe a person, their thoughts, or their speech when you approve of their ability to think and express their ideas clearly, briefly, and forcefully.

- He is a very shrewd operator with an incisive mind.

- She's incredibly incisive, incredibly intelligent.

ADJ-GRADED approval

incisive

adjective

penetrating

acute

keen

perspicacious

piercing

trenchant

incisor

[D.J.:ɪnˈsaɪzə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsaɪzɚ]

n.

切牙,门齿

incisors

切牙

incisor

incisor incisors
Your incisors are the teeth at the front of your mouth which you use for biting into food.
N-COUNT

incite

[D.J.:inˈsait]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsaɪt]

vt.

刺激, 激励, 煽动

inciting

adj.

刺激的,煽动的

incite *

incite incites inciting incited
If someone incites people to behave in a violent or illegal way, they encourage people to behave in that way, usually by making them excited or angry.

- He incited his fellow citizens to take their revenge.

- The party agreed not to incite its supporters to violence.

- They pleaded guilty to possessing material likely to incite racial hatred.

VB

incite

verb

provoke

encourage

foment

inflame

instigate

spur

stimulate

stir up

urge

whip up

incitement

[D.J.:ɪnˈsaɪtmənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsaɪtmənt]

n.

激励;刺激;煽动

激励物;刺激物;煽动物

incitement

incitement incitements
If someone is accused of incitement to violent or illegal behaviour, they are accused of encouraging people to behave in that way.

- British law forbids incitement to murder.

- He still faces charges of incitement.

- ...an incitement to religious hatred.

N-VAR: oft N to n

incitement

noun

provocation

agitation

encouragement

impetus

instigation

prompting

spur

stimulus

incl.

1. incl.
In written advertisements, incl. is an abbreviation for including .

- ...only £19.95 (incl. VAT and delivery).

- ...seven nights £403, incl flights.

= inc.

2. incl.
In written advertisements, incl. is an abbreviation for inclusive .

- Double room: £50 per week incl.

- Open 19th July-6th September, Sun to Thurs incl.

inclemency

[inˈklemənsi]

n.

险恶,严酷

inclement

[D.J.:ɪnˈklemənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈklɛmənt]

adj.

<正>(天气)恶劣的(指寒冷的、潮湿的等)

inclemency

n.

inclement

inclement
Inclement weather is unpleasantly cold or stormy. (FORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED
≠ clement

inclement

adjective

stormy

foul

harsh

intemperate

rough

severe

tempestuous

inclination

[D.J.:ˌɪnkləˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkləˈneʃən]

n.

爱好, 癖好, 意向

倾向, 趋向, 趋势

倾斜, 弯腰, 曲身, 点头

斜坡, 斜面

inclination *

inclination inclinations
An inclination is a feeling that makes you want to act in a particular way.

- He had neither the time nor the inclination to think of other things.

- She showed no inclination to go.

- He set out to follow his artistic inclinations.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N to-inf, oft with brd-neg

inclination

noun

1.

tendency

disposition

liking

partiality

penchant

predilection

predisposition

proclivity

proneness

propensity

2.

slope

angle

gradient

incline

pitch

slant

tilt

incline

[D.J.:inˈklain]

[K.K.:ɪnˈklaɪn]

vt. & vi.

(使)倾斜, (使)偏向

(使)认为, (使)倾向

n.

斜坡, 斜面

inclined

[D.J.:ɪnˈklaɪnd]

[K.K.:ɪnˈklaɪnd]

adj.

倾向…的, 有…意向的

易于…的, 有…趋势的

inclining

[inˈklainiŋ]

n.

倾向,爱好

incline

1. incline inclines inclining inclined
If you incline to think or act in a particular way, or if something inclines you to it, you are likely to think or act in that way. (FORMAL)

- I incline to the view that he is right.

- ...the factors which incline us towards particular beliefs...

- Many end up as team leaders, which inclines them to co-operate with the bosses.

- Those who fail incline to blame the world for their failure.

V-ERG

2. incline inclines inclining inclined
If you incline your head, you bend your neck so that your head is leaning forward. (WRITTEN)

- Jack inclined his head very slightly.

VB

3. incline inclines
An incline is land that slopes at an angle. (FORMAL)

- He came to a halt at the edge of a steep incline.

N-COUNT
= slope

inclined **

1. inclined
If you are inclined to behave in a particular way, you often behave in that way, or you want to do so.

- Nobody felt inclined to argue with Smith.

- He was inclined to self-pity.

- If you are so inclined, you can watch TV.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, ADJ to-inf, ADJ to n, so ADJ

2. inclined
If you say that you are inclined to have a particular opinion, you mean that you hold this opinion but you are not expressing it strongly.

- I am inclined to think that the ancient Greeks understood this better than we do.

- I am inclined to agree with Alan.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to-inf vagueness
= tend

3. inclined
Someone who is mathematically inclined or artistically inclined , for example, has a natural talent for mathematics or art.

- Bratby's grandfather had been artistically inclined.

- ...the needs of academically inclined pupils.

ADJ: adv ADJ

incline

verb

1.

predispose

influence

persuade

prejudice

sway

2.

slope

lean

slant

tilt

tip

veer

noun

3.

slope

ascent

descent

dip

grade

gradient

rise

inclined

adjective

disposed

apt

given

liable

likely

minded

predisposed

prone

willing

include

[D.J.:inˈklu:d]

[K.K.:ɪnˈklud]

vt.

包括, 包含

included

[D.J.:ɪnˈklu:dɪd]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkludɪd]

adj.

被包括的

<植>内藏的

(几何)两交叉直线所夹的

including

prep.

包括; 包含

vt.

include *****

1. include includes including included
If one thing includes another thing, it has the other thing as one of its parts.

- A good British breakfast always includes sausages.

- The trip has been extended to include a few other events.

- The list includes many British internationals.

VB

2. include includes including included
If someone or something is included in a large group, system, or area, they become a part of it or are considered a part of it.

- I had worked hard to be included in a project like this.

- The President is expected to include this idea in his education plan.

VB

included ****

included
You use included to emphasize that a person or thing is part of the group of people or things that you are talking about.

- All of us, myself included, had been totally committed to the Party.

- No city, Tel Aviv or Jerusalem included, is home to more Jews than New York.

- Food is included in the price.

ADJ: n ADJ, v-link ADJ emphasis

including *****

including
You use including to introduce examples of people or things that are part of the group of people or things that you are talking about.

- A number of international stars, including Joan Collins, are expected to attend.

- ...many conditions, including allergies, hyperactivity and tooth decay...

- Preparation time (not including chilling): 5 minutes.

PREP: PREP n/-ing
≠ excluding

include

verb

1.

contain

comprise

cover

embrace

encompass

incorporate

involve

subsume

take in

2.

introduce

add

enter

insert

inclusion

[D.J.:ɪnˈklu:ʒən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkluʒən]

n.

包括,包含

包含物

inclusion *

inclusion inclusions
Inclusion is the act of making a person or thing part of a group or collection.

- ...a confident performance which justified his inclusion in the team.

- ...the inclusion of the term `couplehood' in a Dictionary of New Words.

N-VAR: usu with poss

inclusion

noun

addition

incorporation

insertion

inclusive

[D.J.:inˈklu:siv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈklusɪv]

adj.

包括…的, 包括一切的

包括所述的限度

inclusive *

1. inclusive
If a price is inclusive , it includes all the charges connected with the goods or services offered. If a price is inclusive of postage and packing, it includes the charge for this.

- ...all prices are inclusive of delivery.

- ...an inclusive price of £32.90.

ADJ: oft ADJ of n

2. inclusive
Also an adverb.

- ...a special introductory offer of £5,995 fully inclusive.

ADV: amount ADV
See also all-inclusive .

3. inclusive
After stating the first and last item in a set of things, you can add inclusive to make it clear that the items stated are included in the set.

- Training will commence on 5 October, running from Tuesday to Saturday inclusive.

- ...£10 for senior citizens and children (5 to 16 inclusive).

ADJ: n ADJ

4. inclusive
If you describe a group or organization as inclusive , you mean that it allows all kinds of people to belong to it, rather than just one kind of person.

- The academy is far more inclusive now than it used to be.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ exclusive

inclusive

adjective

comprehensive

across-the-board

all-embracing

blanket

general

global

sweeping

umbrella

incognito

[D.J.:ˌɪnkɔgˈni:təʊ, ɪnˈkɔgnɪˌtəʊ]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkɑɡˈnito, ɪnˈkɑɡnɪˌto]

adj. & adv.

隐姓埋名的(地),使用化名的(地),隐瞒真实身份的(地)

incognito

incognito
Someone who is incognito is using a false name or wearing a disguise, in order not to be recognized or identified.

- Hotel inspectors have to travel incognito.

- He preferred to remain incognito.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, ADJ after v

incognito

adjective

in disguise

disguised

under an assumed name

unknown

unrecognized

incoherence

[D.J.:ˌinkəuˈhiərəns]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkoˈhɪrəns]

n.

不连贯,语无伦次,无内聚力

incoherent

[D.J.:ˌɪnkəʊˈhɪərənt]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkoˈhɪrənt]

adj.

思想不连贯的, 语无伦次的

incoherently

[D.J.:ˌɪnkəʊˈhɪərəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkoˈhɪrəntlɪ]

adv.

无条理地;思想不连贯地, 语无伦次地

松散地

incoherent *

1. incoherent
If someone is incoherent , they are talking in a confused and unclear way.

- As the evening progressed, he became increasingly incoherent.

- The man was almost incoherent with fear.

- She dissolved into incoherent sobs.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ coherent

2. incoherence

- Beth's incoherence was enough to tell Amy that something was terribly wrong.

N-UNCOUNT

3. incoherently

- He collapsed on the floor, mumbling incoherently.

ADV: ADV with v

4. incoherent
If you say that something such as a policy is incoherent , you are criticizing it because the different parts of it do not fit together properly.

- ...an incoherent set of objectives.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ coherent

5. incoherence

- ...the general incoherence of government policy.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

incoherence

noun

unintelligibility

disjointedness

inarticulateness

incoherent

adjective

unintelligible

confused

disjointed

disordered

inarticulate

inconsistent

jumbled

muddled

rambling

stammering

stuttering

income

[D.J.:ˈinkəm]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌkʌm]

n.

收入, 所得, 收益

income ****

income incomes
A person's or organization's income is the money that they earn or receive, as opposed to the money that they have to spend or pay out.

- Many families on low incomes will be unable to afford to buy their own home.

- To cover its costs, the company will need an annual income of £15 million.

- Over a third of their income comes from comedy videos.

N-VAR

income

noun

revenue

earnings

pay

proceeds

profits

receipts

salary

takings

wages

incomer

[ˈinˌkʌmə]

n.

进来者

incomer

incomer incomers
An incomer is someone who has recently come to live in a particular place or area. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

income support *

income support
In Britain, income support is money that the government gives regularly to people with no income or very low incomes.

- People on income support do not have to pay council tax.

N-UNCOUNT

income tax **

income tax income taxes
Income tax is a certain percentage of your income that you have to pay regularly to the government.
N-VAR

incoming

[D.J.:ˈɪnˌkʌmɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌkʌmɪŋ]

adj.

正到达的;正来临的,进来的;新任的

incoming *

1. incoming
An incoming message or phone call is one that you receive.

- We keep a tape of incoming calls.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ outgoing

2. incoming
An incoming plane or passenger is one that is arriving at a place.

- The airport was closed for incoming flights.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ outgoing

3. incoming
An incoming official or government is one that has just been appointed or elected.

- ...the problems confronting the incoming government.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ outgoing

4. incoming
An incoming tide or wave is coming towards the shore.
ADJ: ADJ n

incoming

adjective

arriving

approaching

entering

homeward

landing

new

returning

incommunicado

[D.J.:ˌɪnkəˌmju:nɪˈkɑ:dəʊ]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkəˌmjunɪˈkɑdo]

adj.

无法与外界交流的,单独监禁的

incommunicado

1. incommunicado
If someone is being kept incommunicado , they are not allowed to talk to anyone outside the place where they are.

- He was held incommunicado in prison for ten days before being released without charge.

ADJ: usu v n ADJ

2. incommunicado
If someone is incommunicado , they do not want to be disturbed, or are in a place where they cannot be contacted.

- Yesterday she was incommunicado, putting the finishing touches to her autobiography.

- He is incommunicado in a secluded cottage in Wales.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

incomparability

非可比性;不可比性

incomparable

[D.J.:ɪnˈkɔmpərəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkɑmpərəbəl]

adj.

无双的

无敌的,无比的

incomparability

n.

incomparably

adv.

incomparably

[D.J.:ɪnˈk ɔmpərəblɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈk ɑmpərəblɪ]

adv.

无比地;无敌地

不能比较地

incomparable

1. incomparable
If you describe someone or something as incomparable , you mean that they are extremely good or impressive.

- ...a play starring the incomparable Edith Evans...

- The views from the house are incomparable.

ADJ

2. incomparable
You use incomparable to emphasize that someone or something has a good quality to a great degree. (FORMAL)

- It was a performance of incomparable brilliance.

- ...an area of incomparable beauty.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= superlative

3. incomparably

- ...incomparably good brakes.

ADV

incomparably

incomparably
You can use incomparably to mean `very much' when you are comparing two things and emphasizing the difference between them. (FORMAL)

- South Africa seems incomparably richer than the rest of Africa.

- British industry is in incomparably better shape than at the beginning of the 1980s.

ADV: ADV compar emphasis
= infinitely

incomparable

adjective

unequalled

beyond compare

inimitable

matchless

peerless

superlative

supreme

transcendent

unmatched

unparalleled

unrivalled

incompatibility

[D.J.:ˈinkəmˌpætəˈbiliti]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkəmˌpætəˈbɪlɪti]

n.

不两立,不相容

incompatible

[D.J.:ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbəl]

adj.

合不来的, 不能和谐相处的;不协调的, 不相配的

incompatible *

1. incompatible
If one thing or person is incompatible with another, they are very different in important ways, and do not suit each other or agree with each other.

- They feel strongly that their religion is incompatible with the political system.

- His behavior has been incompatible with his role as head of state.

- Their interests were mutually incompatible.

- We were totally incompatible.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n
≠ compatible

2. incompatibility

- Incompatibility between the mother's and the baby's blood groups may cause jaundice.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N between/of/with n

3. incompatible
If one type of computer or computer system is incompatible with another, they cannot use the same programs or be linked up together.

- This made its mini-computers incompatible with its mainframes.

- Many institutions exchange information by hand because of incompatible computer systems.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n
≠ compatible

incompatible

adjective

inconsistent

conflicting

contradictory

incongruous

mismatched

unsuited

incompetence

[D.J.:ɪnˈkɔmpɪtəns]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkɑmpɪtəns]

n.

无能力,不称职,不胜任

incompetence *

incompetence
If you refer to someone's incompetence , you are criticizing them because they are unable to do their job or a task properly.

- The incompetence of government officials is appalling.

- ...his incompetence in failing to conduct full inquiries.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
≠ competence

incompetence

noun

ineptitude

inability

inadequacy

incapability

incapacity

ineffectiveness

unfitness

uselessness

incompetent

[D.J.:ɪnˈkɔmpɪtənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkɑmpɪtənt]

adj.

无能力的, 不称职的, 不胜任的

incompetent *

1. incompetent
If you describe someone as incompetent , you are criticizing them because they are unable to do their job or a task properly.

- The court declared him incompetent to manage his financial affairs.

- I was incompetent at playing the piano.

- He wants the power to sack incompetent teachers.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ competent

2. incompetent incompetents
An incompetent is someone who is incompetent.

- The Prince turned furiously on his staff. `I'm surrounded by incompetents!'

N-COUNT

incompetent

adjective

inept

bungling

floundering

incapable

ineffectual

inexpert

unfit

useless

incomplete

[D.J.:ˌɪnkəmˈpli:t]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkəmˈplit]

adj.

不完全的, 未完成的

incomplete *

incomplete
Something that is incomplete is not yet finished, or does not have all the parts or details that it needs.

- The clearing of rubbish and drains is still incomplete.

- European political union would be incomplete without a defence element.

- Some offices had incomplete information on spending.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ complete

incomplete

adjective

unfinished

deficient

fragmentary

imperfect

partial

wanting

incomprehensible

[D.J.:ˌɪnkɔmprɪˈhensəbəl, ɪnˌkɔm-]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkɑmprɪˈhɛnsəbəl, ɪnˌkɑm-]

adj.

难以理解的, 难懂的

incomprehensible *

incomprehensible
Something that is incomprehensible is impossible to understand.

- Her speech was almost incomprehensible.

- ...incomprehensible mathematics puzzles.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unintelligible

incomprehensible

adjective

unintelligible

baffling

beyond one's grasp

impenetrable

obscure

opaque

perplexing

puzzling

unfathomable

incomprehension

[D.J.:inˌkɔmpriˈhenʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkɑmprɪˈhɛnʃən, ɪnˌkɑm-]

n.

不了解,不领悟

incomprehension

incomprehension
Incomprehension is the state of being unable to understand something or someone.

- Rosie had a look of incomprehension on her face.

- ...his incomprehension of what happened to his father...

- The incomprehension between the two men was mutual.

N-UNCOUNT

inconceivable

[D.J.:ˌɪnkənˈsi:vəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkənˈsivəbəl]

adj.

不能想像的, 不可思议的, 难以置信的

inconceivable *

inconceivable
If you describe something as inconceivable , you think it is very unlikely to happen or be true.

- It was inconceivable to me that Toby could have been my attacker.

- Until now, a devaluation of the dollar seemed inconceivable.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ that
= unthinkable

inconceivable

adjective

unimaginable

beyond belief

incomprehensible

incredible

mind-boggling informal

out of the question

unbelievable

unheard-of

unthinkable

inconclusive

[D.J.:ˌɪnkənˈklu:sɪv]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkənˈklusɪv]

adj.

非决定性的,无结果的

inconclusively

adv.

非决定性地,无结果地

inconclusiveness

n.

非决定性,无结果

inconclusively

adv.

非决定性地

inconclusive *

1. inconclusive
If research or evidence is inconclusive , it has not proved anything.

- Research has so far proved inconclusive.

- I find the evidence inconclusive.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ conclusive

2. inconclusive
If a contest or conflict is inconclusive , it is not clear who has won or who is winning.

- The past two elections were inconclusive.

- ...eight years of bloody and inconclusive war.

ADJ-GRADED

inconclusive

adjective

indecisive

ambiguous

indeterminate

open

unconvincing

undecided

up in the air informal

vague

incongruity

[D.J.:ˌɪnkɔŋˈgru:ɪtɪ]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkɑŋˈɡruɪtɪ]

n.

不协调，不和谐；不一致；不适合，不相称

不协调的东西

incongruity

incongruity incongruities
The incongruity of something is its strangeness when considered together with other aspects of a situation. (FORMAL)

- She smiled at the incongruity of the question.

- ...the almost absurd incongruity between her wealth and her lifestyle.

- ...the incongruities of life in war-time London.

N-VAR: oft N of n

incongruity

noun

inappropriateness

conflict

discrepancy

disparity

incompatibility

inconsistency

unsuitability

incongruous

[D.J.:ɪnˈkɔŋgru:əs]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkɑŋɡruəs]

adj.

不协调的, 不和谐的, 不一致的, 不相称的

incongruously

adv.

不调和地

incongruous *

1. incongruous
Someone or something that is incongruous seems strange when considered together with other aspects of a situation. (FORMAL)

- She was small and fragile and looked incongruous in an army uniform.

- The Indian temple is an incongruous sight in the Welsh border country.

ADJ-GRADED

2. incongruously

- ...a town of Western-style buildings perched incongruously in a high green valley.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj/-ed

incongruous

adjective

inappropriate

discordant

improper

incompatible

out of keeping

out of place

unbecoming

unsuitable

inconsequential

[D.J.:ɪnˌkɔnsɪˈkwenʃəl, ˌɪnkɔn-]

[K.K.:ɪnˌkɑnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl, ˌɪnkɑn-]

adj.

不重要的, 无足轻重的, 不值得考虑的

inconsequential

inconsequential
Something that is inconsequential is not important.

- ...a constant reminder of just how insignificant and inconsequential their lives were...

- Seemingly inconsequential details can sometimes contain significant clues.

ADJ-GRADED
= unimportant

inconsiderable

[D.J.:ˌɪnkənˈsɪdərəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkənˈsɪdərəbəl]

adj.

微小的,价值低的

不值得考虑的,无足轻重的

inconsiderably

adv.

inconsiderably

adv.

微不足道地

inconsiderable

inconsiderable
If you describe an amount or quality as not inconsiderable , you are emphasizing that it is, in fact, large or present to a large degree.

- The production costs are a not inconsiderable £8 million.

- He was a man of great charm and not inconsiderable wit.

ADJ: with neg, usu ADJ n emphasis

inconsiderable

adjective

insignificant

inconsequential

minor

negligible

slight

small

trifling

trivial

unimportant

inconsiderate

[D.J.:ˌɪnkənˈsɪdərɪt]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkənˈsɪdərɪt]

adj.

不替别人着想的,不体谅别人的

轻率的,考虑不周的

inconsiderately

adv.

inconsiderateness

n.

inconsiderately

adv.

不替别人考虑地,考虑不周地,轻率地

inconsiderate

inconsiderate
If you accuse someone of being inconsiderate , you mean that they do not take enough care over how their words or actions will affect other people.

- Motorists were criticised for being inconsiderate to pedestrians.

- ...his inconsiderate behaviour.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= thoughtless ≠ considerate

inconsiderate

adjective

selfish

indelicate

insensitive

rude

tactless

thoughtless

unkind

unthinking

inconsistency

[D.J.:ˌinkənˈsistənsi]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənsi]

n.

矛盾

inconsistency *

1. inconsistency
If you refer to someone's inconsistency , you are criticizing them for not behaving in the same way every time a similar situation occurs.

- His worst fault was his inconsistency.

- The report accuses the judicial system of inconsistency and partiality.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
≠ consistency

2. inconsistency inconsistencies
If there are inconsistencies in two statements, one cannot be true if the other is true.

- We were asked to investigate the alleged inconsistencies in his evidence.

- ...the complete inconsistency of his argument.

N-VAR
= contradiction

inconsistency

noun

1.

incompatibility

disagreement

discrepancy

disparity

divergence

incongruity

variance

2.

unreliability

fickleness

instability

unpredictability

unsteadiness

inconsistent

[D.J.:ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt]

adj.

(思想、意见等)不一致的, 不协调的

易变的, 不稳定的, 反复无常的

inconsistent *

1. inconsistent
If you describe someone as inconsistent , you are criticizing them for not behaving in the same way every time a similar situation occurs.

- You are inconsistent and unpredictable.

- ...the leadership's hesitant and inconsistent behaviour.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ consistent

2. inconsistent
Someone or something that is inconsistent does not stay the same, being sometimes good and sometimes bad.

- We had a terrific start to the season, but recently we've been inconsistent.

- Moon, as great as he is, has had some inconsistent days.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ consistent

3. inconsistent
If two statements are inconsistent , one cannot possibly be true if the other is true.

- The evidence given in court was inconsistent with what he had previously told them.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n
≠ consistent

4. inconsistent
If something is inconsistent with a set of ideas or values, it does not fit in well with them or match them.

- This legislation is inconsistent with what they call Free Trade.

- The outburst was inconsistent with the image he has cultivated.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with n
≠ consistent

inconsistent

adjective

1.

incompatible

at odds

conflicting

contradictory

discordant

incongruous

irreconcilable

out of step

2.

changeable

capricious

erratic

fickle

unpredictable

unstable

unsteady

variable

inconsolable

[D.J.:ˌɪnkənˈsəʊləbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkənˈsoləbəl]

adj.

没法安慰的,极悲痛的

inconsolably

adv.

inconsolably

adv.

无法安慰地

inconsolable

inconsolable
If you say that someone is inconsolable , you mean that they are very sad and cannot be comforted.

- When my mother died I was inconsolable.

ADJ

inconsolable

adjective

heartbroken

brokenhearted

desolate

despairing

inconspicuous

[D.J.:ˌɪnkənˈspɪkju:əs]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkənˈspɪkjuəs]

adj.

不明显的,不显著的

不引人注目的

inconspicuously

adv.

inconspicuousness

n.

inconspicuous

1. inconspicuous
Someone who is inconspicuous does not attract attention to themselves.

- I'll try to be as inconspicuous as possible.

- He had ridden out of Cambridge, inconspicuous among the hundreds of young cyclists.

ADJ-GRADED
= unobtrusive ≠ conspicuous

2. inconspicuously

- I sat inconspicuously in a corner.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. inconspicuous
Something that is inconspicuous is not easily seen or does not attract attention because it is small, ordinary, or hidden away.

- The studio is an inconspicuous grey building.

ADJ-GRADED
= unobtrusive ≠ conspicuous

inconspicuous

adjective

unobtrusive

camouflaged

hidden

insignificant

ordinary

plain

unassuming

unnoticeable

unostentatious

incontinence

[D.J.:inˈkɔntinəns]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkɑntənəns]

n.

不能自制,无节制,失禁

incontinent

[D.J.:ɪnˈkɔntənənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkɑntənənt]

adj.

(大小便)失禁的

不能自制的

incontinence

n.

incontinence

incontinence
Incontinence is the inability to prevent urine or faeces coming out of your body.

- Incontinence is not just a condition of old age.

N-UNCOUNT

incontinent

incontinent
Someone who is incontinent is unable to prevent urine or faeces coming out of their body.

- His diseased bladder left him incontinent.

ADJ

incontrovertible

[D.J.:ˌɪnkɔntrəˈvə:tibl]

[K.K.:ɪnˌkɑntrəˈvɚtəbəl, ˌɪnkɑn-]

adj.

无可辩驳的, 不容置疑的

incontrovertibly

adv.

无疑地

incontrovertible

1. incontrovertible
Incontrovertible evidence or facts are absolutely certain and cannot be shown to be wrong.

- There is now incontrovertible evidence that the government is violating the agreement.

ADJ
= indisputable

2. incontrovertibly

- No solution is incontrovertibly right.

ADV

incontrovertible

adjective

indisputable

certain

established

incontestable

indubitable

irrefutable

positive

sure

undeniable

unquestionable

inconvenience

[D.J.:ˌɪnkənˈvi:njəns]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkənˈvinjəns]

n.

不方便, 麻烦, 打扰

不便之处, 麻烦事

vt.

给…带来不便, 给…添麻烦, 打扰

inconvenience *

1. inconvenience inconveniences
If someone or something causes inconvenience , they cause problems or difficulties.

- We apologize for any inconvenience caused during the repairs.

- The practical inconveniences of long hair are negligible.

N-VAR

2. inconvenience inconveniences inconveniencing inconvenienced
If someone inconveniences you, they cause problems or difficulties for you.

- He promised to be quick so as not to inconvenience them any further.

VB

inconvenience

noun

1.

trouble

awkwardness

bother

difficulty

disadvantage

disruption

disturbance

fuss

hindrance

nuisance

verb

2.

trouble

bother

discommode

disrupt

disturb

put out

upset

inconvenient

[D.J.:ˌɪnkənˈvi:njənt]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkənˈvinjənt]

adj.

不方便的, 打扰人的, 造成麻烦的, 让人不舒服的

inconveniently

adv.

不方便地

inconvenient *

1. inconvenient
Something that is inconvenient causes problems or difficulties for someone.

- Can you come at 10.30? I know it's inconvenient for you, but I must see you.

- It's very inconvenient to have to wait so long.

- She arrived at an extremely inconvenient moment.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ for n
= awkward ≠ convenient

2. inconveniently

- The Oriental is a comfortable hotel, but rather inconveniently situated.

ADV-GRADED
≠ conveniently

inconvenient

adjective

troublesome

awkward

bothersome

disadvantageous

disturbing

inopportune

unsuitable

untimely

incorporate

[D.J.:inˈkɔ:pəreit]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkɔrpəˌret]

vt.

包含, 加上, 吸收

把…合并, 使并入

组成公司

incorporated

[D.J.:ɪnˈkɔ:pəˌreɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkɔrpəˌretɪd]

adj.

<美>股份有限的,组成公司的

incorporation

[D.J.:ɪnˌk ɔ:pəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˌk ɔrpəˈreʃən]

n.

团结

合并;编入

法人组织;公司

incorporate **

1. incorporate incorporates incorporating incorporated
If one thing incorporates another thing, it includes the other thing. (FORMAL)

- The new cars will incorporate a number of major improvements.

VB
= include

2. incorporate incorporates incorporating incorporated
If someone or something is incorporated into a large group, system, or area, they become a part of it. (FORMAL)

- The agreement would allow the rebels to be incorporated into a new national police force.

- The party vowed to incorporate environmental considerations into all its policies.

VB
= include

3. incorporation

- ...the incorporation of Piedmont Airlines and PSA into US Air.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n into n

incorporate

verb

include

absorb

assimilate

blend

combine

integrate

merge

subsume

Incorporated

Incorporated.
Incorporated is used after a company's name to show that it is a legally established company in the United States.

- ...MCA Incorporated.

- ...Apple Computer Incorporated.

ADJ: n ADJ

incorrect

[D.J.:ˌɪnkəˈrekt]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkəˈrɛkt]

adj.

错误的, 不正确的

不能接受的

incorrectly

adv.

不正确地,错误地

incorrect *

1. incorrect
Something that is incorrect is wrong and untrue.

- He denied that his evidence about the telephone call was incorrect.

- People often have incorrect information about food.

ADJ: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

2. incorrectly

- The magazine suggested, incorrectly, that he was planning to announce his retirement.

ADV: ADV with v

3. incorrect
Something that is incorrect is not the thing that is required or is most suitable in a particular situation.

- ...injuries caused by incorrect posture.

- ...incorrect diet.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. incorrectly

- He was told that the doors had been fitted incorrectly.

ADV: ADV with v

incorrect

adjective

false

erroneous

faulty

flawed

inaccurate

mistaken

untrue

wrong

incorrigibility

n.

难望矫正

incorrigible

[D.J.:ɪnˈkɔ:rɪdʒəbəl, -ˈkɔr-]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkɔrɪdʒəbəl, -ˈkɑr-]

adj.

无法矫正的,屡教不改的,无可救药的

incorrigibility

n.

无法矫正,屡教不改,无可救药

incorrigibly

adv.

无法矫正地,屡教不改地,无可救药地

incorrigibly

adv.

不能矫正地

incorrigible

incorrigible
If you tell someone they are incorrigible , you are saying, often in a humorous way, that they have faults which will never change.

- `Sue, you are incorrigible!' he said.

- Gamblers are incorrigible optimists.

ADJ

incorrigible

adjective

incurable

hardened

hopeless

intractable

inveterate

irredeemable

unreformed

incorruptibility

[ˈinkəˌrʌptəˈbiləti]

n.

不腐败,清廉,不能收买,高尚

incorruptible

[D.J.:ˌɪnkəˈrʌptəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkəˈrʌptəbəl]

adj.

不会腐烂的,不受腐蚀的

incorruptibility

n.

incorruptibly

adv.

incorruptibly

adv.

不被收买地,不被腐蚀地

incorruptible

incorruptible
If you describe someone as incorruptible , you approve of the fact that they cannot be persuaded or paid to do things that they should not do.

- He was a sound businessman, totally reliable and incorruptible.

ADJ approval

incorruptible

adjective

1.

honest

above suspicion

straight

trustworthy

upright

2.

imperishable

everlasting

undecaying

increase

[D.J.:inˈkri:s]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkris]

vt. & vi.

增加, 增大, 增多

[ˈinkri:s]

n.

增加, 增大, 增多

increased

[inˈkri:st]

adj.

增加的,增强的

increasing

[inˈkri:siŋ]

渐增的,越来越多的

increase *****

1. increase increases increasing increased
If something increases or you increase it, it becomes greater in number, level, or amount.

- The population continues to increase.

- Japan's industrial output increased by 2%.

- The company has increased the price of its cars.

- The increased investment will help stabilise the economy.

- We are experiencing an increasing number of problems.

V-ERG
≠ decrease

2. increase increases
If there is an increase in the number, level, or amount of something, it becomes greater.

- ...a sharp increase in productivity...

- He called for an increase of 1p on income tax.

- ...an increase of violence along the border.

N-COUNT: oft N in n, N of amount
= rise ≠ decrease

3. increase
If something is on the increase , it is happening more often or becoming greater in number or intensity.

- Crime is on the increase.

PHR: v-link PHR

increase

verb

1.

grow

advance

boost

develop

enlarge

escalate

expand

extend

multiply

raise

spread

swell

noun

2.

growth

development

enlargement

escalation

expansion

extension

gain

increment

rise

upturn

increasingly

[inˈkri:siŋli]

adv.

日益, 越来越多地

increasingly ****

increasingly
You can use increasingly to indicate that a situation or quality is becoming greater in intensity or more common.

- He was finding it increasingly difficult to make decisions.

- There is an increasingly popular alternative.

- The U.S. has increasingly relied on Japanese capital.

- Increasingly, their goals have become more radical.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v, ADV with cl

increasingly

adverb

progressively

more and more

incredible

[D.J.:inˈkredəbl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkrɛdəbəl]

adj.

不能相信的, 不可信的

〈非正〉难以置信的, 不可思议的, 惊人的

incredibly

[D.J.:ɪnˈkredəblɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkr ɛdəblɪ]

adv.

难以置信地;很,极为

incredible ***

1. incredible
If you describe something or someone as incredible , you like them very much or are impressed by them, because they are extremely or unusually good.

- The wildflowers will be incredible after this rain.

- Thanks for taking me, I had an incredible time.

- You're always an incredible help on these cases.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= fantastic

2. incredibly

- Their father was incredibly good-looking.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv

3. incredible
If you say that something is incredible , you mean that it is very unusual or surprising, and you cannot believe it is really true, although it may be.

- It seemed incredible that people would still want to play football during a war.

- We should not dismiss as lies the incredible stories that children may tell us.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ that
= unbelievable ≠ credible

4. incredibly

- Incredibly, some people don't like the name.

ADV: usu ADV with cl

5. incredible
You use incredible to emphasize the degree, amount, or intensity of something.

- We import an incredible amount of cheese from the Continent.

- There was an incredible din.

- It's incredible how much Francesca wants her father's approval.

- His panic was incredible.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n, also it v-link ADJ wh, v-link ADJ emphasis
= amazing

6. incredibly

- It was incredibly hard work.

ADV: ADV adj/adv

incredible

adjective

1.

implausible

beyond belief

far-fetched

improbable

inconceivable

preposterous

unbelievable

unimaginable

unthinkable

2.

amazing

astonishing

astounding

extraordinary

prodigious

sensational informal

wonderful

incredulity

[D.J.:ˌinkriˈdju:liti]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkrɪˈdulɪti, -ˈdju-]

n.

怀疑

incredulity

incredulity
If someone reacts with incredulity to something, they are unable to believe it because it is very surprising or shocking.

- The announcement has been met with incredulity.

- The Vicar looked at him with open-mouthed incredulity.

N-UNCOUNT
= disbelief

incredulity

noun Informal

disbelief

distrust

doubt

scepticism

incredulous

[D.J.:ɪnˈkredʒələs]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkrɛdʒələs]

adj.

表示怀疑的, 不相信的

incredulously

[D.J.:ɪnˈkredjʊləslɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkr ɛd ʒələslɪ]

adv.

不相信地;怀疑地

incredulous *

1. incredulous
If someone is incredulous , they are unable to believe something because it is very surprising or shocking.

- `He made you do it?' Her voice was incredulous.

- There was a brief, incredulous silence.

ADJ-GRADED

2. incredulously

- `You told Pete?' Rachel said incredulously. `I can't believe it!'

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

incredulous

adjective

disbelieving

distrustful

doubtful

dubious

sceptical

suspicious

unbelieving

unconvinced

increment

[D.J.:ˈɪnkrəmənt, ˈɪŋ-]

[K.K.:ˈɪnkrəmənt, ˈɪŋ-]

n.

增长

增额

incremental

adj.

incremental

[inkriˈmentəl]

adj.

增加的

increment

1. increment increments
An increment in something or in the value of something is an amount by which it increases. (FORMAL)

- The average yearly increment in labour productivity in industry was 4.5 per cent.

- Each increment of knowledge tells us more of our world.

N-COUNT: oft N in/of n

2. increment increments
An increment is an amount by which your salary automatically increases after a fixed period of time. (FORMAL)

- Many teachers qualify for an annual increment.

N-COUNT

increment

noun

increase

accrual

addition

advancement

augmentation

enlargement

gain

step up

supplement

incremental

incremental
Incremental is used to describe something that increases in value or worth, often by a regular amount. (FORMAL)

- ...our ability to add production capacity at relatively low incremental cost...

- We are seeking continuous, incremental improvements, not great breakthroughs.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

incriminate

[D.J.:ɪnˈkrɪməˌneɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkrɪməˌnet]

vt.

使(某人)显得有罪, 牵连, 归罪于

incriminate *

1. incriminate incriminates incriminating incriminated
If something incriminates you, it suggests that you are responsible for something bad, especially a crime.

- He claimed that the drugs had been planted to incriminate him.

- They are afraid of incriminating themselves and say no more than is necessary.

VB

2. incriminating

- Police had reportedly searched his flat and found incriminating evidence.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

incriminate

verb

implicate

accuse

blame

charge

impeach

inculpate

involve

incubate

[D.J.:ˈɪnkjəˌbeɪt, ˈɪŋ-]

[K.K.:ˈɪnkjəˌbet, ˈɪŋ-]

vi.

(卵)被孵化

vt. & vi.

孵(卵)

<医>潜伏, 逐渐形成;潜伏在体内

incubation

[D.J.:ˌɪnkjəˈbeɪʃən, ˌɪŋ-]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkjəˈbeʃən, ˌɪŋ-]

n.

孵卵;孵化

<医,生>(传染病的)潜伏期

<生>(细菌等的)繁殖

incubate *

1. incubate incubates incubating incubated
When birds incubate their eggs, they keep the eggs warm until the baby birds come out.

- The birds returned to their nests and continued to incubate the eggs.

VB

2. incubation

- Male albatrosses share in the incubation of eggs.

N-UNCOUNT

3. incubate incubates incubating incubated
When a germ in your body incubates or is incubated , it develops for a period of time before it starts making you feel ill.

- The virus can incubate for up to ten days after the initial infection.

V-ERG

4. incubation

- The illness has an incubation period of up to 11 days.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

5. incubate incubates incubating incubated
If you say that plans or ideas incubate , you mean that they develop slowly after a lot of thought or discussion.

- ...the fateful decision which had doubtless been incubating in his mind for years.

VB

incubator

[D.J.:ˈɪnkjəˌbeɪtə, ˈɪŋ-]

[K.K.:ˈɪnkjəˌbetɚ, ˈɪŋ-]

n.

孵化器

(用于放置早产婴儿的)恒温箱

incubator

1. incubator incubators
An incubator is a piece of hospital equipment which helps weak or small babies to survive. It consists of a transparent container in which the oxygen and temperature levels can be controlled.
N-COUNT

2. incubator incubators
An incubator is a piece of equipment used to keep eggs or bacteria at the correct temperature for them to develop.
N-COUNT

inculcate

[D.J.:ɪnˈkʌlˌkeɪt, ˈɪnkʌl-]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkʌlˌket, ˈɪnkʌl-]

vt.

极力主张, 反复灌输

inculcate

inculcate inculcates inculcating inculcated
If you inculcate an idea or opinion in someone's mind, you teach it to them by repeating it until it is fixed in their mind. (FORMAL)

- You might try to inculcate a few ideas in him, to show him how wrong he's been.

- The aim is to inculcate business people with an appreciation of different cultures.

- Great care was taken to inculcate the values of nationhood and family.

VB

incumbent

[D.J.:inˈkʌmbənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkʌmbənt]

adj.

在职的

义不容辞的

n.

教区牧师

教会中的任职者

incumbent **

1. incumbent incumbents
An incumbent is someone who holds an official post at a particular time. (FORMAL)

- In general, incumbents have a 94 per cent chance of being re-elected.

N-COUNT

2. incumbent
Also an adjective.

- ...the only candidate who defeated an incumbent senator.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. incumbent
If it is incumbent upon you to do something, it is your duty or responsibility to do it. (FORMAL)

- It is incumbent upon all of us as loyal citizens to make an extra effort.

ADJ: it v-link ADJ upon/on n to-inf

incumbent

adjective

obligatory

binding

compulsory

mandatory

necessary

incur

[D.J.:inˈkə:]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkɚ]

vt.

遭受; 招致, 引起

incur **

incur incurs incurring incurred
If you incur something unpleasant, it happens to you because of something you have done. (WRITTEN)

- The government had also incurred huge debts.

- She falls in love and incurs the wrath of her father.

- ...the terrible damage incurred during the past decade.

VB
= sustain

incur

verb

earn

arouse

bring (upon oneself)

draw

expose oneself to

gain

meet with

provoke

incurability

n.

不能医治,不能矫正

incurable

[D.J.:ɪnˈkjʊərəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkjʊrəbəl]

adj.

无法治愈的,不可救药的

incurability

n.

无法治愈,不可救药

incurableness

n.

无法治愈,不可救药

incurably

adv.

无法治愈地,不可救药地

incurably

adv.

治不好地,不能矫正地

incurable *

1. incurable
If someone has an incurable disease, they cannot be cured of it.

- He is suffering from an incurable skin disease.

ADJ

2. incurably

- ...youngsters who are disabled, or incurably ill.

ADV: ADV adj

3. incurable
You can use incurable to indicate that someone has a particular quality or attitude and will not change.

- Poor old William is an incurable romantic.

- You are either very young or an incurable optimist.

ADJ: ADJ n
= incorrigible

4. incurably

- I know you think I'm incurably nosey, but the truth is I'm concerned about you.

ADV: ADV adj

incurable

adjective

fatal

inoperable

irremediable

terminal

incursion

[D.J.:ɪnˈkɜ:ʒən, -ʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkə..ʒən, -ʃən]

n.

袭击, 侵入, 侵犯

incursion *

1. incursion incursions
If there is an incursion into a country, enemy soldiers suddenly enter it. (FORMAL)

- ...armed incursions into border areas by rebel forces.

N-COUNT: oft N into n

2. incursion incursions
If someone or something enters an area where you would not expect them to be, or where they have not been found before, you can call this an incursion , especially when you disapprove of their presence. (FORMAL)

- Traditional crafts remain remarkably unchanged by the slow incursion of modern ways.

- ...his incursion into the sale of automated equipment to factories.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

indebted

[D.J.:inˈdetid]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɛtɪd]

adj.

感激的, 受惠的, 蒙恩的

indebtedness

[D.J.:inˈdetidnis]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɛtɪdnɪs]

n.

受恩惠,亏欠,债务

indebted *

1. indebted
If you say that you are indebted to someone for something, you mean that you are very grateful to them for something.

- I am deeply indebted to him for his help.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n

2. indebtedness

- Mortimer never forgot his mentor and amusingly recounted his indebtedness to her in his autobiography.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N to n

3. indebted
Indebted countries, organizations, or people are ones that owe money to other countries, organizations, or people.

- America's treasury secretary identified the most heavily indebted countries.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. indebtedness

- The company has reduced its indebtedness to just $15 million.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

indebted

adjective

grateful

beholden

in debt

obligated

obliged

under an obligation

indecency

[D.J.:inˈdi:snsi]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdisənsi]

n.

下流,不适当,猥亵

indecency

1. indecency
If you talk about the indecency of something or someone, you are indicating that you find them morally or sexually offensive.

- ...the indecency of their language.

N-UNCOUNT

2. indecency
In law, an act of indecency is an illegal sexual act.

- They were found guilty of acts of gross indecency.

N-UNCOUNT

indecency

noun

obscenity

immodesty

impropriety

impurity

indelicacy

lewdness

licentiousness

pornography

vulgarity

indecent

[D.J.:ɪnˈdi:sənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdisənt]

adj.

下流的, 猥亵的, 粗鄙的

(量或质上)不合情理的, 不合适的

indecently

adv.

下流地,猥亵地,〈古〉不堪入目地

indecent *

1. indecent
If you describe something as indecent , you mean that it is shocking and offensive, usually because it relates to sex or nakedness.

- He accused Mrs Moore of making an indecent suggestion.

ADJ-GRADED
= obscene

2. indecently

- He behaved indecently.

- ...an indecently short skirt.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. indecent
If you describe the speed or amount of something as indecent , you are indicating, often in a humorous way, that it is much quicker or larger than is usual or desirable.

- The opposition says the legislation was drafted with indecent haste.

ADJ

4. indecently

- ...an indecently large office.

ADV

indecent

adjective

1.

lewd

crude

dirty

filthy

immodest

improper

impure

licentious

pornographic

salacious

2.

unbecoming

in bad taste

indecorous

unseemly

vulgar

indecent assault

indecent assault
Indecent assault is the crime of attacking someone in a way which involves touching or threatening them sexually, but not forcing them to have sexual intercourse.
N-UNCOUNT

indecent exposure

indecent exposure
Indecent exposure is a criminal offence that is committed when someone exposes their genitals in public.
N-UNCOUNT

indecipherable

[D.J.:ˌindiˈsaifərəbl]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈsaɪfərəbəl]

adj.

破译不出的,难辨认的

indecipherable

indecipherable
If writing or speech is indecipherable , you cannot understand what the words are.

- Maggie's writing was virtually indecipherable.

- He uttered little indecipherable sounds.

ADJ-GRADED

indecipherable

adjective

illegible

indistinguishable

unintelligible

unreadable

indecision

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈsɪʒən]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈsɪʒən]

n.

迟疑不决, 无决断力, 优柔寡断

indecision *

indecision
If you say that someone suffers from indecision , you mean that they find it very difficult to make decisions.

- After months of indecision, the government gave the plan the go-ahead on Monday.

- The team has been plagued by indecision and internal divisions.

N-UNCOUNT

indecision

noun

hesitation

dithering chiefly Brit.

doubt

indecisiveness

shilly-shallying informal

uncertainty

vacillation

wavering

indecisive

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈsaɪsɪv]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈsaɪsɪv]

adj.

犹豫不决的, 优柔寡断的

非决定性的, 不明确的

indecisive *

1. indecisive
If you say that someone is indecisive , you mean that they find it very difficult to make decisions.

- Michael was indecisive about how to decorate the room.

- He was criticised as a weak and indecisive leader.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ decisive

2. indecisiveness

- The mayor was criticized by radical reformers for his indecisiveness.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

3. indecisive
An indecisive result in a contest or election is one which is not clear or definite.

- An indecisive result would force a second round of voting.

- The outcome of the battle was indecisive.

ADJ
= inconclusive

indecisive

adjective

hesitating

dithering chiefly Brit.

faltering

in two minds informal

tentative

uncertain

undecided

vacillating

wavering

indeed

[D.J.:inˈdi:d]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdid]

adv.

的确, 确实

甚至, 其实

确实, 实在

真是, 哦

indeed ****

1. indeed
You use indeed to confirm or agree with something that has just been said.

- Later, he admitted that the payments had indeed been made.

- He did indeed keep important documents inside his hat.

- `Did you know him?' --- `I did indeed.'.

- `Know what I mean?' --- `Indeed I do.'.

- `Isn't it a gorgeous day, Father?' --- `Yes, indeed!'.

- `That's a topic which has come to the fore very much recently.' --- `Indeed.'

ADV: ADV with v, ADV with cl/group emphasis

2. indeed
You use indeed to introduce a further comment or statement which strengthens the point you have already made.

- We have nothing against diversity; indeed, we want more of it.

- When we asked to see more we were refused. Indeed we were escorted away by men with guns.

ADV: ADV with cl emphasis
= in fact

3. indeed
You use indeed at the end of a clause to give extra force to the word `very', or to emphasize a particular word.

- The engine began to sound very loud indeed.

- The wine was very good indeed.

- Of course, these occasions are rare indeed.

ADV: adj ADV emphasis

4. indeed
You can use indeed as a way of repeating a question in order to emphasize it, especially when you do not know the answer. (SPOKEN)

- `Now where are the real villains?' --- `Where indeed?'.

- `And what do we do here?' --- `What, indeed?'

ADV: quest ADV emphasis

indeed

adverb

really

actually

certainly

in truth

truly

undoubtedly

indefatigable

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈfætɪgəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈfætɪɡəbəl]

adj.

不倦的,不屈不挠的

indefatigably

adv.

indefatigably

adv.

不厌倦地,不屈不挠地

indefatigable

1. indefatigable
You use indefatigable to describe someone who never gets tired of doing something. (FORMAL)

- His indefatigable spirit helped him to cope with his illness.

- He was indefatigable in his efforts to secure funding for new projects.

ADJ
= untiring tireless

2. indefatigably

- She worked indefatigably and enthusiastically to interest the young in music.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

indefensibility

[ˈindiˌfensəˈbiləti]

n.

无法防卫

indefensible

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈfensəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈfɛnsəbəl]

adj.

无法防御的,站不住脚的

indefensibility

n.

indefensibly

adv.

indefensibly

无法辩护地

indefensible

1. indefensible
If you say that a statement, action, or idea is indefensible , you mean that it cannot be justified or supported because it is completely wrong or unacceptable.

- His action was indefensible.

- She described the new policy as `morally indefensible'.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ defensible

2. indefensible
The indefensible is something which is indefensible.

- To argue otherwise is trying to defend the indefensible.

N-SING: the N

3. indefensible
Places or buildings that are indefensible cannot be defended if they are attacked.

- The checkpoint was abandoned as militarily indefensible.

ADJ

indefensible

adjective

unforgivable

inexcusable

unjustifiable

unpardonable

untenable

unwarrantable

wrong

indefinable

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈfaɪnəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈfaɪnəbəl]

adj.

难下定义的,难确切表达的

神秘的,不可思议的

indefinably

adv.

indefinably

adv.

无法下定义地,不明确地

indefinable

indefinable
An indefinable quality or feeling cannot easily be described. (WRITTEN)

- There was something indefinable in her eyes.

- His head felt lighter in some indefinable way.

ADJ

indefinable

adjective

inexpressible

impalpable

indescribable

indefinite

[D.J.:inˈdefinit]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɛfənɪt]

adj.

无限期的

不明确的, 含糊的

indefinite *

1. indefinite
If you describe a situation or period as indefinite , you mean that people have not decided when it will end.

- The trial was adjourned for an indefinite period.

- ...an indefinite strike by government workers.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. indefinite
Something that is indefinite is not exact or clear.

- ...at some indefinite time in the future.

- ...a handsome woman of indefinite age.

ADJ
= indeterminate uncertain

indefinite

adjective

unclear

doubtful

equivocal

ill-defined

imprecise

indeterminate

inexact

uncertain

unfixed

vague

indefinite article

indefinite article indefinite articles
The words `a' and `an' are sometimes called the indefinite article .
N-COUNT

indefinitely

[D.J.:ɪnˈdefɵnətlɪ]

adv.

无限期地

indefinitely *

indefinitely
If a situation will continue indefinitely , it will continue for ever or until someone decides to change it or end it.

- The visit has now been postponed indefinitely.

- I couldn't stay there indefinitely.

ADV: ADV with v

indefinitely

adverb

endlessly

ad infinitum

continually

for ever

indefinite pronoun

indefinite pronoun indefinite pronouns
An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun such as `someone', `anything', or `nobody', which you use to refer in a general way to a person or thing.
N-COUNT

indelible

[D.J.:ɪnˈdeləbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɛləbəl]

adj.

擦不掉的

永久的,持久的

indelibly

adv.

indelibly

adv.

不能消灭地

indelible

1. indelible
If you say that something leaves an indelible impression, you mean that it is very unlikely to be forgotten.

- My visit to India in 1986 left an indelible impression on me.

- The war has made an indelible mark on the world.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. indelibly

- The horrors he experienced are imprinted, perhaps indelibly, in his brain.

ADV: ADV with v

3. indelible
Indelible ink or an indelible stain cannot be removed or washed out.

- It leaves indelible stains on clothes.

- ...written in indelible ink.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

indelible

adjective

permanent

enduring

indestructible

ineradicable

ingrained

lasting

indelicate

[D.J.:ɪnˈdelɪkɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɛlɪkɪt]

adj.

不文雅的,不得体的,不适当的,令人窘迫的

indelicately

adv.

不文雅地,不得体地,不适当地,令人窘迫地

indelicate

indelicate
If something or someone is indelicate , they are rude or embarrassing. (FORMAL)

- She really could not touch upon such an indelicate subject.

ADJ-GRADED

indelicate

adjective

offensive

coarse

crude

embarrassing

immodest

risqu´e

rude

suggestive

tasteless

vulgar

indemnify

indemnify indemnifies indemnifying indemnified
To indemnify someone against something bad happening means to promise to protect them, especially financially, if it happens. (FORMAL)

- They agreed to indemnify the taxpayers against any loss.

- The printers were indemnified against legal action.

- It doesn't have the money to indemnify everybody.

VB

indemnify

verb

1.

insure

guarantee

protect

secure

underwrite

2.

compensate

reimburse

remunerate

repair

repay

indemnity

[D.J.:ɪnˈdemnɪti:]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɛmnɪti]

n.

保障, 赔偿, 补偿

赔款, 补偿金, 赔偿物

indemnity *

1. indemnity
If something provides indemnity , it provides insurance or protection against damage or loss. (FORMAL)

- They were charged with failing to have professional indemnity cover.

- Political exiles had not been given indemnity from prosecution.

N-UNCOUNT

2. indemnity indemnities
An indemnity is an amount of money paid to someone because of some damage or loss they have suffered. (FORMAL)

- The government paid the family an indemnity for the missing pictures.

N-VAR

indemnity

noun

1.

insurance

guarantee

protection

security

2.

compensation

redress

reimbursement

remuneration

reparation

restitution

indent

[D.J.:ɪnˈdent]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɛnt]

vt.

切割…使呈锯齿状

缩进排版

[D.J.:ˈɪndent]

[K.K.:ˈɪndɛnt]

n.

(印刷中的)缩进

indented

[D.J.:ɪnˈdentɪd]

[K.K.: ɪnˈdɛntɪd]

adj.

锯齿状的

(印刷,原稿等)缩进排印的

受契约约束的

indenting

[inˈdentiŋ]

n.

成穴的

indent

indent indents indenting indented
When you indent a line of writing, you start it further away from the edge of the paper than all the other lines.

- ...if you don't indent the second line.

VB

indented

indented
If something is indented , its edge or surface is uneven because parts of it have been worn away or cut away.

- ...a voyage down Chile's indented coastline.

ADJ-GRADED

indentation

[D.J.:ˌɪndenˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɛnˈteʃən]

n.

凹进,缩格

凹口,缺口

indentation

1. indentation indentations
An indentation is the space at the beginning of a line of writing when it starts further away from the edge of the paper than all the other lines.
N-COUNT

2. indentation indentations
An indentation is a shallow hole or cut in the surface or edge of something.

- Using a knife, make slight indentations around the edges of the pastry.

N-COUNT

indentured

indentured
In the past, an indentured worker was one who was forced to work for someone for a period of time, because of an agreement made by people in authority.

- Daniel arrived in Maryland as an indentured servant.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

independence

[D.J.:ˌɪndiˈpendəns]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns]

n.

独立, 自主, 自立

independence ****

1. independence
If a country has or gains independence , it has its own government and is not ruled by any other country.

- In 1816, Argentina declared its independence from Spain.

- ...the country's first elections since independence in 1962.

N-UNCOUNT

2. independence
Someone's independence is the fact that they do not rely on other people.

- He was afraid of losing his independence.

- ...a woman's independence, capability, and power.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N

independence

noun

freedom

autonomy

liberty

self-reliance

self-rule

self-sufficiency

sovereignty

Independence Day

Independence Day
A country's Independence Day is the day on which its people celebrate their independence from another country that ruled them in the past. In the United States, Independence Day is celebrated each year on 4th July.

- He died on Independence Day, 1831.

N-UNCOUNT

independent

[D.J.:ˌɪndiˈpendənt]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt]

adj.

独立的, 自主的, 自立的

不相关连的, 无关的

independently

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈpendəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈp ɛndəntlɪ]

adv.

独立地,自立地;无关地

independent *****

1. independent
If one thing or person is independent of another, they are separate and not connected, so the first one is not affected or influenced by the second.

- Your questions should be independent of each other.

- We're going independent from the university and setting up our own group.

- Two independent studies have been carried out.

ADJ: oft ADJ of/from n
= separate

2. independently

- ...several people working independently in different areas of the world.

- ...biological processes which continue to function independently of any effort that we can make.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj, oft ADV of/from n
= separately

3. independent
If someone is independent , they do not need help or money from anyone else.

- Phil was now much more independent of his parents.

- She would like to be financially independent.

- There were benefits to being a single independent woman.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of/from n
≠ dependent

4. independently

- ...helping disabled students to live and study as independently as possible.

- ...the independently-minded females of the Nineties...

- He is independently wealthy.

ADV: ADV after v, ADV adj/-ed

5. independent
Independent countries and states are not ruled by other countries but have their own government.

- ...a fully independent state...

- Papua New Guinea became independent from Australia in 1975.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ from/of n

6. independent
An independent organization or other body is one that controls its own finances and operations, rather than being controlled by someone else.

- ...an independent television station.

- ...the Office of Government Ethics, an independent agency.

- ...a fully independent, not-for-profit organisation.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. independent
An independent school does not receive money from the government or local council, but from the fees paid by its students' parents or from charities. (BRIT)

- He taught chemistry at a leading independent school.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= fee-paying ≠ state

8. independent
An independent inquiry or opinion is one that involves people who are not connected with a particular situation, and should therefore be fair.

- The government ordered an independent inquiry into the affair.

- An independent opinion poll published today shows growing discontent with the government.

ADJ: ADJ n

9. independent
An independent politician is one who does not represent any political party.

- There's been a late surge of support for an independent candidate.

- ...the most powerful independent politician in France.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

10. independent independents
An independent is an independent politician.

- ...Mr Brown has not ruled out the possibility of standing as an independent.

N-COUNT

independent

adjective

1.

free

liberated

separate

unconstrained

uncontrolled

2.

self-governing

autonomous

nonaligned

self-determining

sovereign

3.

self-sufficient

liberated

self-contained

self-reliant

self-supporting

independently

adverb

separately

alone

autonomously

by oneself

individually

on one's own

solo

unaided

indescribable

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈskraɪbəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈskraɪbəbəl]

adj.

不明确的,模糊的

难以描述的,描写不出的

indescribably

adv.

indescribably

adv.

不可名状地

indescribable

1. indescribable
You use indescribable to emphasize that a quality or condition is very intense or extreme, and therefore cannot be properly described.

- ...her indescribable joy when it was confirmed her son was alive...

- The stench from the sewer is indescribable.

ADJ emphasis
= inexpressible

2. indescribably

- ...the treacherous and indescribably filthy conditions.

ADV: ADV adj

indescribable

adjective

unutterable

beyond description

beyond words

indefinable

inexpressible

indestructible

[D.J.:ˌindiˈstrʌktəbl]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈstrʌktəbəl]

adj.

不能破坏的,不可毁灭的

indestructible

indestructible
If something is indestructible , it is very strong and cannot be destroyed.

- This type of plastic is almost indestructible.

ADJ

indestructible

adjective

permanent

enduring

everlasting

immortal

imperishable

incorruptible

indelible

indissoluble

lasting

unbreakable

indeterminacy

[D.J.:indiˈtə:minəsi]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈtɚmənəsi]

n.

不确定,不明确

indeterminate

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈtɜ:mənɪt]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈtə..mənɪt]

adj.

不定的,不明确的

模糊的

indeterminacy

n.

indeterminacy

indeterminacy
The indeterminacy of something is its quality of being uncertain or vague. (FORMAL)

- ...the indeterminacy of language.

N-UNCOUNT

indeterminate

indeterminate
If something is indeterminate , you cannot say exactly what it is.

- Dr Amid was a man of indeterminate age.

- I hope to carry on for an indeterminate period.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= indefinite

indeterminate

adjective

uncertain

imprecise

indefinite

inexact

undefined

unfixed

unspecified

unstipulated

vague

index

[D.J.:ˈindeks]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌdɛks]

n.

索引

标志, 象征; 量度

(物价或工资的)指数

〈数〉指数, 幂

vt.

给…编索引, 指示出

indexed

[ˈindekst]

adj.

编入索引的,被变址的,与生活指数(或物价指数)挂钩的

indexing

[ˈindeksiŋ]

n.

标定指数

indices

[D.J.:ˈɪndɪsi:z]

[K.K.:ˈɪndɪsiz]

(index的复数)

index ***

1. index indices indexes
An index is a system by which changes in the value of something and the rate at which it changes can be recorded, measured, or interpreted.

- The UK retail price index for October is expected to show an increase of 0.8 per cent.

- ...economic indices.

N-COUNT: with supp The usual plural is indexes , but the form indices can be used

2. index indexes
An index is an alphabetical list that is printed at the back of a book and tells you on which pages important topics are referred to.

- Curiously, the word `gay' does not occur in the index.

- There's even a special subject index.

N-COUNT

3. index indexes indexing indexed
If you index a book or a collection of information, you make an alphabetical list of the items in it.

- A quarter of this vast archive has been indexed and made accessible to researchers.

- Painters and sculptors are indexed separately.

- She's indexed the book many different ways -- by author, by age, and by illustrator.

VB

4. index indexes indexing indexed
If a quantity or value is indexed to another, a system is arranged so that it increases or decreases whenever the other one increases or decreases.

- Minimum pensions and wages are to be indexed to inflation.

VB: usu passive

5. index indices indexes
If one thing is an index of another, it indicates what the other thing will be like. (FORMAL)

- Weeds are an index to the character of the soil.

N-COUNT: usu N of/to n The usual plural is indexes , but the form indices can be used

6. index indices indexes
In mathematics, indices are the little numbers that show how many times you must multiply a number by itself. In the equation 3 2 =9, the number 2 is an index. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT The usual plural is indexes , but the form indices can be used

indices

Indices is a plural form of index .

index card

index card index cards
An index card is a small card on which you can write information. Index cards are kept in a box, arranged in order.
N-COUNT

index finger

index finger index fingers
Your index finger is the finger that is next to your thumb.
N-COUNT
= forefinger

index-linked

adj.

与物价指数挂钩的

index-linked

index-linked
Index-linked pensions or payments change as inflation or the cost of living changes. (mainly BRIT)
ADJ

Indian

[D.J.:ˈɪndjən]

adj.

印度的

印第安人的

n.

印度人

印第安人

an Indian summer

小阳春；晚秋的晴暖天气

垂暮之年的成功(或幸福)

Indian ***

1. Indian
Indian means belonging or relating to India, or to its people or culture.

- ...the Indian government.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Indian Indians
An Indian is an Indian citizen, or a person of Indian origin.

- ...a study of Indians and Pakistanis living in Southall.

N-COUNT

3. Indian Indians
Indians are the people who lived in North, South, or Central America before Europeans arrived, or people related to them. The usual name for them now is Native Americans . (OLD-FASHIONED)

- The South American Indians have been cooking and eating potatoes for well over two thousand years.

N-COUNT

Indian corn

Indian corn
Indian corn is the same as maize .
N-UNCOUNT

Indian summer

Indian summer Indian summers
You can refer to a period of unusually warm and sunny weather during the autumn as an Indian summer .
N-COUNT

indicate

[D.J.:ˈindikeit]

[K.K.:ˈɪndɪˌket]

vt.

标示, 指示, 指出

象征; 表明或暗示…的可能性

indicating

[ˈindikeitiŋ]

n.

指示,标志

indicate ****

1. indicate indicates indicating indicated
If one thing indicates another, the first thing shows that the second is true or exists.

- A survey of retired people has indicated that most are independent and enjoying life.

- Our vote today indicates a change in United States policy.

- This indicates whether remedies are suitable for children.

VB
= show

2. indicate indicates indicating indicated
If you indicate an opinion, an intention, or a fact, you mention it in an indirect way.

- Mr Rivers has indicated that he may resign.

- ...waiting for U.S. authorities to indicate their monetary policy plans.

VB

3. indicate indicates indicating indicated
If you indicate something to someone, you show them where it is, especially by pointing to it. (FORMAL)

- He indicated a chair. `Sit down.'.

- Pelham moved across to indicate a wall chart.

VB

4. indicate indicates indicating indicated
If one thing indicates something else, it is a sign of that thing.

- Dreams can help indicate your true feelings.

- His language indicates a poor education.

VB

5. indicate indicates indicating indicated
If a technical instrument indicates something, it shows a measurement or reading.

- The needles that indicate your height are at the top right-hand corner.

- The temperature gauge indicated that it was boiling.

VB
= show

6. indicate indicates indicating indicated
When drivers indicate , they make lights flash on one side of their vehicle to show that they are going to turn in that direction. (mainly BRIT; in AM use signal )

- He told us when to indicate and when to change gear.

VB
= signal

indicate

verb

1.

signify

betoken

denote

imply

manifest

point to

reveal

suggest

2.

point out

designate

specify

3.

show

display

express

read

record

register

indication

[D.J.:ˌɪndiˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈkeʃən]

n.

指示, 表示

象征, 迹象

indication ***

indication indications
An indication is a sign which suggests, for example, what people are thinking or feeling.

- All the indications are that we are going to receive reasonable support from abroad.

- He gave no indication that he was ready to compromise.

N-VAR
= sign

indication

noun

sign

clue

evidence

hint

inkling

intimation

manifestation

mark

suggestion

symptom

indicative

[D.J.:inˈdikətiv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɪkətɪv]

adj.

标示的, 指示的, 象征的

〈语〉陈述的, 直陈的

indicative *

1. indicative
If one thing is indicative of another, it suggests what the other thing is likely to be. (FORMAL)

- His action is indicative of growing concern about the shortage of skilled labour.

- Often physical appearance is indicative of how a person feels.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ of n/wh
= symptomatic

2. indicative
In grammar, a clause that is in the indicative , or in the indicative mood , has a subject followed by a verb group. Examples are `I'm hungry' and `She was followed'. Clauses of this kind are typically used to make statements.
N-SING: the N
= declarative

indicative

adjective

suggestive

pointing to

significant

symptomatic

indicator

[D.J.:ˈɪndɪˌkeɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈɪndɪˌketɚ]

n.

(仪器上显示温度、压力、耗油量等的)指针,指示器,记录器

(车辆上的)转弯指示灯

指示物;指示者

indicator **

1. indicator indicators
An indicator is a measurement or value which gives you an idea of what something is like.

- ...vital economic indicators, such as inflation, growth and the trade gap...

- The number of wells is a fair indicator of the demand for water.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. indicator indicators
A car's indicators are the flashing lights that tell you when it is going to turn left or right. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use blinkers or turn signals )
N-COUNT

indicator

noun

sign

gauge

guide

mark

meter

pointer

signal

symbol

indict

[D.J.:inˈdait]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdaɪt]

vt.

控告, 起诉

indict *

indict indicts indicting indicted
If someone is indicted for a crime, they are officially charged with it. (mainly AM, LEGAL)

- He was later indicted on corruption charges.

- She has been indicted for possessing cocaine.

- The police said he'd been formally indicted on Saturday.

- Attorneys for the indicted officers tried to delay the trial.

VB: usu passive
= charge

indict

verb

charge

accuse

arraign

impeach

prosecute

summon

indictment

[D.J.:ɪnˈdaɪtmənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdaɪtmənt]

n.

(制度、社会等的)衰败迹象,腐败迹象

<尤美>刑事起诉书;公诉书

<尤美>控告;起诉

indictment **

1. indictment indictments
If you say that one thing is an indictment of another thing, you mean that it shows how bad the other thing is.

- It's a sad indictment of society that policeman are regarded as easy targets by thugs.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. indictment indictments
An indictment is a formal accusation that someone has committed a crime. (mainly AM, LEGAL)

- Prosecutors may soon seek an indictment on racketeering and fraud charges.

- The government's indictment against the three men alleged unlawful trading.

N-VAR: oft N against n
= charge

indictment

noun

charge

accusation

allegation

impeachment

prosecution

summons

indie

[D.J.:ˈindi]

[K.K.:ˈɪndi]

adj.

(电影业)独立的

n.

独立经营的电影院等

indie **

1. indie
Indie music refers to rock or pop music produced by new bands working with small, independent record companies. (BRIT, mainly INFORMAL)

- ...a multi-racial indie band.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ mainstream

2. indie indies
An indie is an indie band or record company.
N-COUNT
= major

indifference

[D.J.:ɪnˈdɪfərəns, -ˈdɪfrəns]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɪfərəns, -ˈdɪfrəns]

n.

不关心,不在乎

indifference *

indifference
If you accuse someone of indifference to something, you mean that they have a complete lack of interest in it.

- ...his callous indifference to the plight of his son.

- ...the prejudice and indifference which surround the Aids epidemic.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n
≠ concern

indifference

noun

disregard

aloofness

apathy

coldness

coolness

detachment

inattention

negligence

nonchalance

unconcern

indifferent

[D.J.:inˈdifrənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɪfərənt, -ˈdɪfrənt]

adj.

不关心的, 冷淡的; 中立的

较差的, 平庸的

indifferently

[D.J.:ɪnˈdɪfərəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɪfərəntlɪ]

adv.

漠不关心地;冷淡地;淡漠地

一般性地;平庸地

相当差地

indifferent *

1. indifferent
If you accuse someone of being indifferent to something, you mean that they have a complete lack of interest in it.

- People have become indifferent to the suffering of others.

- ...the row over the police's indifferent attitude to the killings.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
≠ concerned

2. indifferently

- `Not that it matters,' said Tench indifferently.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. indifferent
If you describe something or someone as indifferent , you mean that their standard or quality is not very good, and often quite bad.

- She had starred in several very indifferent movies.

- Much of the food we eat is of very poor or indifferent quality.

ADJ-GRADED
= mediocre

4. indifferently

- ...an eight-year-old girl who reads tolerably and writes indifferently.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

indifferent

adjective

1.

unconcerned

aloof

callous

cold

cool

detached

impervious

inattentive

uninterested

unmoved

unsympathetic

2.

mediocre

moderate

no great shakes informal

ordinary

passable

so-so informal

undistinguished

indigenous

[D.J.:ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs]

adj.

土生土长的

生来的, 固有的

indigenous *

indigenous
Indigenous people or things belong to the country in which they are found, rather than coming there or being brought there from another country. (FORMAL)

- ...the country's indigenous population.

- ...animals that are indigenous to Asia.

ADJ
= native

indigent

[D.J.:ˈɪndɪdʒənt]

[K.K.:ˈɪndɪdʒənt]

adj.

贫穷的,贫困的,缺少钱财的

indigent

indigent
Someone who is indigent is very poor. (FORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED

indigestible

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈdʒestəbəl, -daɪ-]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈdʒɛstəbəl, -daɪ-]

adj.

难消化的,无法消化的

indigestible

1. indigestible
Food that is indigestible cannot be digested easily.

- Fried food is very indigestible.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ digestible

2. indigestible
If you describe facts or ideas as indigestible , you mean that they are difficult to understand, complicated, and dull.

- ...an extremely dense, indigestible and wordy book.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

indigestion

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈdʒestʃən, -daɪ-]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈdʒɛstʃən, -daɪ-]

n.

<医>消化不良(症)

indigestion *

indigestion
If you have indigestion , you have pains in your stomach and chest that are caused by difficulties in digesting food.
N-UNCOUNT

indigestion

noun

heartburn

dyspepsia

upset stomach

indignant

[D.J.:inˈdiɡnənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɪɡnənt]

adj.

愤怒的, 愤慨的, 义愤的

indignantly

[D.J.:ɪnˈdɪ gnəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɪɡnəntlɪ]

adv.

愤怒地;愤慨地,愤愤不平地

indignant *

1. indignant
If you are indignant , you are shocked and angry, because you think that something is unjust or unfair.

- He is indignant at suggestions that they were secret agents.

- MPs were indignant that the government had not consulted them.

- Sheena gave her an indignant look.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ at/about n/-ing, ADJ that

2. indignantly

- `That is not true,' Erica said indignantly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

indignant

adjective

resentful

angry

disgruntled

exasperated

incensed

irate

peeved informal

riled

scornful

up in arms informal

indignation

[D.J.:ˌɪndiɡˈneiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪɡˈneʃən]

n.

愤怒, 愤慨, 气愤

indignation *

indignation
Indignation is the feeling of shock and anger which you have when you think that something is unjust or unfair.

- She was filled with indignation at the conditions under which miners were forced to work.

- No wonder he could hardly contain his indignation.

N-UNCOUNT

indignation

noun

resentment

anger

exasperation

pique

rage

scorn

umbrage

indignity

[D.J.:ɪnˈdɪgnɪti:]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɪɡnɪti]

n.

侮辱, 轻蔑

indignity *

indignity indignities
If you talk about the indignity of doing something, you mean that it makes you feel embarrassed or unimportant. (FORMAL)

- Later, he suffered the indignity of having to flee angry protesters.

- What sort of indignities would he be forced to endure?

N-VAR: oft the N of -ing/n
= humiliation

indignity

noun

humiliation

affront

dishonour

disrespect

injury

insult

opprobrium

slight

snub

indigo

[D.J.:ˈɪndɪˌgəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈɪndɪˌɡo]

n.

靛蓝色

indigosol

n.

<化>溶靛素

indigotic

adj.

靛蓝的 ,靛青的

indigosol

[ˈindiɡəusɔl]

n.

溶靛素染料(原商标名)

indigotic

[indiˈɡɔtik]

adj.

靛青的,靛蓝的

indigo *

indigo
Something that is indigo is dark purplish blue in colour.

- ...the stars in the indigo sky...

- Indigo tattoos adorn her forehead.

COLOUR

indirect

[D.J.:ˌɪndiˈrekt]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈrɛkt, -daɪ-]

adj.

间接的, 迂回的

不直截了当的, 婉转的

indirectly

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈrektlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌɪndəˈr ɛktlɪ]

adv.

间接地;迂回地;婉转地;不坦率地

indirect **

1. indirect
An indirect result or effect is not caused immediately and obviously by a thing or person, but happens because of something else that they have done.

- Businesses are feeling the indirect effects from the recession that's going on elsewhere.

- Millions could die of hunger as an indirect result of the war.

- His influence has been profound, but it has been indirect.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ direct

2. indirectly

- Drugs are indirectly responsible for the violence.

- The president is indirectly elected by parliament.

- Indirectly, I did cause her death. I shouldn't have left her there.

ADV: usu ADV adj, ADV with v, also ADV with cl

3. indirect
An indirect route or journey does not use the shortest or easiest way between two places.

- The goods went by a rather indirect route.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ direct

4. indirect
Indirect remarks and information suggest something or refer to it, without actually mentioning it or stating it clearly.

- His remarks amounted to an indirect appeal for economic aid.

- There were indirect references to his opponent.

- So far the evidence is only indirect.

ADJ-GRADED

5. indirectly

- He referred indirectly to the territorial dispute.

ADV: ADV with v

indirect

adjective

1.

circuitous

long-drawn-out

meandering

oblique

rambling

roundabout

tortuous

wandering

2.

incidental

secondary

subsidiary

unintended

indirect discourse

indirect discourse.
Indirect discourse is the same as indirect speech . (AM)
N-UNCOUNT

indirect object

indirect object indirect objects
An indirect object is an object which is used with a transitive verb to indicate who benefits from an action or gets something as a result. For example, in `She gave him her address', `him' is the indirect object. Compare direct object .
N-COUNT

indirect question

indirect question indirect questions
An indirect question is the same as a reported question . (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT
= reported question

indirect speech

indirect speech
Indirect speech is speech which tells you what someone said, but does not use the person's actual words: for example, `They said you didn't like it', `I asked him what his plans were', and `Citizens complained about the smoke'. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use indirect discourse )
N-UNCOUNT

indirect tax

indirect tax indirect taxes
An indirect tax is a tax on goods and services which is added to their price. Compare direct tax .
N-COUNT

indirect taxation

indirect taxation
Indirect taxation is a system in which a government raises money by means of indirect taxes.
N-UNCOUNT

indiscipline

[D.J.:inˈdisiplin]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɪsəplɪn]

n.

无纪律,未经训练

indiscipline

indiscipline
If you refer to indiscipline in a group or team, you disapprove of the fact that they do not behave in a controlled way as they should.

- There is growing evidence of indiscipline among the troops.

- ...the team's indiscipline on the pitch.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
≠ discipline

indiscreet

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈskri:t]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈskrit]

adj.

不慎重的,轻率的

不明智的,不警觉的

indiscreetly

adv.

indiscreetly

adv.

轻率地

indiscreet

indiscreet
If you describe someone as indiscreet , you mean that they do or say things in public which they should only do or say secretly or in private.

- He is notoriously indiscreet about his private life.

- Had he been indiscreet in what he had said?

- ...the duchess's indiscreet behaviour.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ discreet

indiscreet

adjective

tactless

impolitic

imprudent

incautious

injudicious

naive

rash

reckless

unwise

indiscretion

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈskreʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈskrɛʃən]

n.

不慎重的举止,轻率的言行

indiscretion

indiscretion indiscretions
If you talk about someone's indiscretion , you mean that they have done or said something that is risky, careless, or likely to upset people.

- Occasionally they paid for their indiscretion with their lives.

- ...punishing me for an indiscretion committed a decade ago.

- ...rumours of his mother's youthful indiscretions.

N-VAR

indiscretion

noun

mistake

error

faux pas

folly

foolishness

gaffe

lapse

slip

indiscriminate

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmənɪt]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmənɪt]

adj.

不加区别的, 不加选择的, 不加鉴别的, 不分好坏的

indiscriminate *

1. indiscriminate
If you describe an action as indiscriminate , you are critical of it because it does not involve any careful thought or choice.

- The indiscriminate use of fertilisers is damaging to the environment.

- ...the indiscriminate killing of refugees.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ selective

2. indiscriminately

- The men opened fire indiscriminately.

- I'm afraid this disease strikes indiscriminately.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

indiscriminate

adjective

random

careless

desultory

general

uncritical

undiscriminating

unsystematic

wholesale

indispensable

[D.J.:ˌɪndisˈpensəbl]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈspɛnsəbəl]

adj.

必不可少的, 必需的

n.

不可缺少之物

indispensable *

indispensable
If you say that someone or something is indispensable , you mean that they are absolutely essential and other people or things cannot function without them.

- She was becoming indispensable to him.

- ...the indispensable guide for any traveller in France.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
= essential ≠ dispensable

indispensable

adjective

essential

crucial

imperative

key

necessary

needed

requisite

vital

indisposed

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈspəʊzd]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈspozd]

adj.

不舒服的, 有病的

不愿的, 不乐意的

indisposed

indisposed
If you say that someone is indisposed , you mean that they are not available because they are ill, or for a reason that you do not want to reveal. (FORMAL)

- The speaker was regrettably indisposed.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ
= unwell

indisposed

adjective

ill

ailing

poorly informal

sick

under the weather

unwell

indisputable

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈspju:təbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈspjutəbəl]

adj.

无可争辩的, 不容置疑的

indisputably

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈspju:təblɪ]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈspjutəblɪ]

adv.

无可置辩地;无法反驳地

indisputable *

1. indisputable
If you say that something is indisputable , you are emphasizing that it is true and cannot be shown to be untrue.

- It is indisputable that birds in the UK are harbouring this illness.

- The indisputable fact is that computers carry out logical operations.

ADJ: oft it v-link ADJ that emphasis
= undeniable indubitable

2. indisputably

- She has an indisputably lovely voice.

ADV

indisputable

adjective

undeniable

beyond doubt

certain

incontestable

incontrovertible

indubitable

irrefutable

unquestionable

indistinct

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋkt]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋkt]

adj.

不清楚的,模糊的

indistinction

n.

不清楚,模糊

indistinctly

adv.

不清楚地,模糊地

indistinction

[ˌindisˈtiŋkʃən]

n.

不清楚,模糊,不确定,难辨认,无差别

indistinctly

[D.J.:ɪndɪˈstɪ ŋktlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪndɪˈstɪ ŋktlɪ]

adv.

不清楚地,模糊地

难以清楚辨认地;未明确限定地

不分开地;分不开地

indistinct

1. indistinct
Something that is indistinct is unclear and difficult to see, hear, or recognize.

- The lettering is fuzzy and indistinct.

- ...the indistinct murmur of voices.

ADJ-GRADED
= unclear ≠ distinct

2. indistinctly

- He speaks so rapidly and indistinctly that many listeners haven't a clue what he is saying.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

indistinct

adjective

unclear

blurred

faint

fuzzy

hazy

ill-defined

indeterminate

shadowy

undefined

vague

indistinguishable

[D.J.:ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃəbəl]

adj.

难区分的,不能分辨的

indistinguishable *

indistinguishable
If one thing is indistinguishable from another, the two things are so similar that it is difficult to know which is which.

- Replica weapons are indistinguishable from the real thing.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ from n
≠ distinguishable

individual

[D.J.:ˌɪndiˈvidjuəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl]

adj.

个别的, 单独的, 个人的

独特的

n.

个人

人

individually

[D.J.:ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəlɪ]

adv.

分别地,各个地;各自地

独特地,与众不同地

individual ****

1. individual
Individual means relating to one person or thing, rather than to a large group.

- ...waiting for the group to decide rather than making individual decisions...

- Aid to individual countries would be linked to progress towards democracy.

- Divide the vegetables among four individual dishes.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. individually

- ...cheeses which come in individually wrapped segments...

- There are 96 pieces and they are worth, individually and collectively, a lot of money.

ADV: usu ADV with v, ADV adj, also ADV with cl

3. individual individuals
An individual is a person.

- ...anonymous individuals who are doing good things within our community.

- ...the rights and responsibilities of the individual...

- A child's awareness of being an individual grows in stages during the pre-school years.

N-COUNT

4. individual
If you describe someone or something as individual , you mean that you admire them because they are very unusual and do not try to imitate other people or things.

- It was really all part of her very individual personality.

- The language is highly individual.

ADJ-GRADED approval

individual

adjective

1.

personal

characteristic

distinctive

exclusive

idiosyncratic

own

particular

peculiar

singular

special

specific

unique

noun

2.

person

being

character

creature

soul

unit

individually

adverb

separately

apart

independently

one at a time

one by one

singly

individualism

[D.J.:ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒu:əˌlɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəˌlɪzəm]

n.

个人主义;我行我素

individualism *

1. individualism
You use individualism to refer to the behaviour of someone who likes to think and do things in their own way, rather than imitating other people.

- He is struck by what he calls the individualism of American officers.

N-UNCOUNT

2. individualism
Individualism is the belief that economics and politics should not be controlled by the state.

- ...the mixture of authoritarianism and individualism that permeates the political culture.

N-UNCOUNT

individualist

[D.J.:ˌindiˈvidjuəlist]

[K.K.:ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəlɪst]

n.

个人主义者,利己主义者

individualist

1. individualist individualists
If you describe someone as an individualist , you mean that they like to think and do things in their own way, rather than imitating other people.

- Individualists say that you should be able to wear what you want.

N-COUNT

2. individualist
Individualist means relating to the belief that economics and politics should not be controlled by the state.

- ...a party fundamentally committed to individualist and consumerist values.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. individualist individualists
An individualist is a person with individualist views.

- They share with earlier individualists a fear of enveloping collectivism.

N-COUNT

individualist

noun

maverick

freethinker

independent

loner

lone wolf

nonconformist

original

individualistic

[ˌindiˌvidjuəˈlistik]

adj.

个人主义的

individualistic

individualistic
If you say that someone is individualistic , you mean that they like to think and do things in their own way, rather than imitating other people. You can also say that a society is individualistic if it encourages people to behave in this way.

- Most artists are very individualistic.

- Spain remains a very individualistic country.

ADJ-GRADED

individuality

[D.J.:ˌɪndəˌvɪdʒu:ˈælɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌɪndəˌvɪdʒuˈælɪti]

n.

个性, 个人特征, 特质

individuality *

individuality
The individuality of a person or thing consists of the qualities that make them different from other people or things.

- People should be free to express their individuality.

- This will give your promotional material individuality and style.

N-UNCOUNT

individuality

noun

distinctiveness

character

originality

personality

separateness

singularity

uniqueness

individualize

[D.J.:ˌindiˈvidjuəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəˌlaɪz]

v.

赋予个性,个别地加以考虑

individualize

1. individualize individualizes individualizing individualized
To individualize a thing or person means to make them different from other things or people and to give them a recognizable identity. (FORMAL)

- Unless a document is highly formal, individualize it by adding comments in the margins.

VB (BRIT) also individualise
= personalize

2. individualized

- Doctors feel that a more individualized approach to patients should now be adopted.

ADJ-GRADED

indivisible

[D.J.:ˌɪndəˈvɪzəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪndəˈvɪzəbəl]

adj.

不可分的,不能除尽的

indivisible

indivisible
If you say that something is indivisible , you mean that it cannot be divided into different parts.

- Far from being separate, the mind and body form an indivisible whole, like the two sides of a coin.

ADJ
≠ divisible

Indo-

[ˈindəu]

表示“印度的,印度人的,印欧语系”之义

Indo-

Indo-
Indo- combines with nationality adjectives to form adjectives which describe something as connected with both India and another country.

- ...Indo-Pakistani talks.

PREFIX

indoctrinate

[D.J.:ɪnˈdɔktrəˌneɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɑktrəˌnet]

vt.

向…灌输(信仰),教导

indoctrination

n.

indoctrination

[D.J.:ɪnˌd ɔktrɪˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˌd ɑktrɪˈneʃən]

n.

教导;教化

indoctrinate

1. indoctrinate indoctrinates indoctrinating indoctrinated
If people are indoctrinated , they are taught a particular belief with the aim that they will reject other beliefs.

- They have been completely indoctrinated.

- I wouldn't say that she was trying to indoctrinate us.

VB disapproval
= brainwash

2. indoctrination

- ...political indoctrination classes.

N-UNCOUNT

indoctrinate

verb

train

brainwash

drill

ground

imbue

initiate

instruct

school

teach

indoctrination

noun

training

brainwashing

drilling

grounding

inculcation

instruction

schooling

indolence

[D.J.:ˈindələns]

[K.K.:ˈɪndələns]

n.

懒惰,好逸恶劳,懒散,无痛,愈合缓慢

indolence

indolence
Indolence means laziness. (FORMAL)

- He was noted for his indolence.

N-UNCOUNT

indolent

[D.J.:ˈɪndələnt]

[K.K.:ˈɪndələnt]

adj.

懒惰的, 懒散的, 不活跃的

indolent

indolent
Someone who is indolent is lazy. (FORMAL)

- ...indolent teenagers who won't lift a finger to help.

ADJ-GRADED

indolent

adjective

lazy

idle

inactive

inert

languid

lethargic

listless

slothful

sluggish

workshy

indomitable

[D.J.:ɪnˈdɔmɪtəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɑmɪtəbəl]

adj.

不屈服的,不气馁的,不可战胜的

indomitably

adv.

不屈服地,不气馁地,不可战胜地

indomitably

adv.

不屈服地,不能征服地

indomitable

indomitable
If you say that someone has an indomitable spirit, you admire them because they never give up or admit that they have been defeated. (FORMAL)

- ...the indomitable spirit of the Polish people.

- ...a woman of indomitable will...

- He was utterly indomitable.

ADJ-GRADED approval

indomitable

adjective

invincible

bold

resolute

staunch

steadfast

unbeatable

unconquerable

unflinching

unyielding

Indonesian

[D.J.:ˌɪndəˈni:ʒən, -ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪndəˈniʒən, -ʃən]

n.

印度尼西亚人;印度尼西亚国民

印度尼西亚人后裔

(东印度群岛)前马来人的一员

西澳特罗尼西亚语族

adj.

(有关)印度尼西亚的;(有关)印度尼西亚人(语)的

Indonesian ***

1. Indonesian
Indonesian means belonging or relating to Indonesia, or to its people or culture.
ADJ

2. Indonesian Indonesians
An Indonesian is an Indonesian citizen, or a person of Indonesian origin.
N-COUNT

3. Indonesian
Indonesian is the national language of Indonesia.
N-UNCOUNT

indoor

[D.J.:ˈindɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌdɔr, -ˌdor]

adj.

室内的, 户内的

indoor **

indoor
Indoor activities or things are ones that happen or are used inside a building and not outside.

- No smoking in any indoor facilities.

- ...an indoor market.

- ...indoor plants.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ outdoor

indoors

[D.J.:ˈindɔ:z]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdɔrz, -ˈdorz]

adv.

在室内, 往室内

indoors *

indoors
If something happens indoors , it happens inside a building.

- Since she was indoors, she had not been wearing a coat.

- I think perhaps we should go indoors.

- Spend an evening indoors watching TV.

ADV: be ADV, ADV after v
≠ outdoors

indubitable

[D.J.:ɪnˈdu:bɪtəbəl, -ˈdju:-]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdubɪtəbəl, -ˈdju-]

adj.

不容置疑的,明确无疑的

indubitably

adv.

indubitably

adv.

无疑地,确实地

indubitable

1. indubitable
You use indubitable to describe something when you want to emphasize that it is definite and cannot be doubted. (FORMAL)

- His brilliance as a director and actor renders this film an indubitable classic.

ADJ emphasis
= indisputable

2. indubitably

- His behaviour was indubitably ill-judged.

ADV

indubitable

adjective

certain

incontestable

incontrovertible

indisputable

irrefutable

obvious

sure

undeniable

unquestionable

induce

[D.J.:inˈdju:s]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdus, -ˈdjus]

vt.

引诱, 劝导

〈正〉引起, 导致

induced

感应的

inducing

[inˈdju:siŋ]

adj.

产生诱导作用的

induction

[D.J.:ɪnˈdʌkʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdʌkʃən]

n.

就职, 入伍

吸入

(电或磁的)感应

归纳(法)

induce **

1. induce induces inducing induced
To induce a state or condition means to cause it.

- Doctors said surgery could induce a heart attack.

- ...an economic crisis induced by high oil prices.

VB

2. induce induces inducing induced
If you induce someone to do something, you persuade or influence them to do it.

- I would do anything to induce them to stay.

- More than 4,000 teachers were induced to take early retirement.

VB
= persuade

3. induce induces inducing induced
If a doctor or nurse induces labour or birth, they cause a pregnant woman to start giving birth by using drugs or other medical means. (MEDICAL)

- He might decide that it is best to induce labour.

VB

4. induction

- ...if there are obvious medical reasons for induction.

N-SING

induction *

1. induction inductions
Induction is a procedure or ceremony for introducing someone to a new job, organization, or way of life.

- ...the induction of the girls into the sport.

- ...Elvis' induction into the army.

- ...an induction course for new members.

N-VAR: oft with poss, N to/into n

2. induction
Induction is a method of reasoning in which you use individual ideas or facts to give you a general rule or conclusion. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

3. induction
Induction is the process by which electricity or magnetism is passed between two objects or circuits without them touching each other. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

induce

verb

1.

persuade

convince

encourage

incite

influence

instigate

prevail upon

prompt

talk into

2.

cause

bring about

effect

engender

generate

give rise to

lead to

occasion

produce

-induced

-induced
-induced combines with nouns to form adjectives which indicate that a state, condition, or illness is caused by a particular thing.

- ...stress-induced disorders.

- ...a drug-induced hallucination.

COMB in ADJ

inducement

[D.J.:ɪnˈdu:smənt, -ˈdju:s-]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdusmənt, -ˈdjus-]

n.

引诱, 劝诱;刺激, 鼓励

inducement *

inducement inducements
If someone is offered an inducement to do something, they are given or promised gifts or benefits in order to persuade them to do it.

- They offer every inducement to foreign businesses to invest in their states.

- Various inducements are offered to encourage employees to wear safety clothing.

N-COUNT: oft N to-inf
= incentive

inducement

noun

incentive

attraction

bait

carrot informal

encouragement

incitement

lure

reward

induct

[D.J.:ɪnˈdʌkt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdʌkt]

vt.

使正式就任

inducting

感应施感

induct

1. induct inducts inducting inducted
If someone is inducted into a particular job, rank, or position, they are given the job, rank, or position in a formal ceremony. (FORMAL)

- Six new members have been inducted into the Provincial Cabinet.

- ...as the Countess inducts Nina into the cult.

VB

2. induct inducts inducting inducted
If someone is inducted into the army, they are officially made to join the army. (AM)

- In December he was inducted into the army.

VB: usu passive
= conscript

inductive

[D.J.:inˈdʌktiv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdʌktɪv]

adj.

诱导的,感应的

inductive

inductive
Inductive reasoning is based on the process of induction.
ADJ

indulge

[D.J.:inˈdʌldʒ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdʌldʒ]

vt.

放纵, 容许

满足

vi.

让自己尽情享受某物

indulge **

1. indulge indulges indulging indulged
If you indulge in something or if you indulge yourself, you allow yourself to have or do something that you know you will enjoy.

- Only rarely will she indulge in a glass of wine.

- He returned to Britain so that he could indulge his passion for football.

- You can indulge yourself without spending a fortune.

VB

2. indulge indulges indulging indulged
If you indulge someone, you let them have or do what they want, even if this is not good for them.

- He did not agree with indulging children.

VB
= spoil

indulge

verb

1.

gratify

feed

give way to

pander to

satisfy

yield to

2.

spoil

cosset

give in to

go along with

humour

mollycoddle

pamper

indulgence

[D.J.:ɪnˈdʌldʒəns]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdʌldʒəns]

n.

纵容, 迁就, 宽容

放纵, 沉溺, 沉迷

嗜好, 爱好

(天主教的)特赦, 豁免, 免罪

indulgence *

indulgence indulgences
Indulgence means treating someone with special kindness, often when it is not a good thing.

- The king's indulgence towards his sons angered the business community.

- For a moment he allowed himself the indulgence of examining his feelings for her.

- The car is one of my few indulgences.

N-VAR

indulgence

noun

1.

gratification

appeasement

fulfilment

satiation

satisfaction

2.

luxury

extravagance

favour

privilege

treat

3.

tolerance

forbearance

patience

understanding

indulgent

[D.J.:ɪnˈdʌldʒənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdʌldʒənt]

adj.

放纵的,纵容的

indulgently

adv.

放纵地,纵容地

indulgently

[D.J.:ɪnˈd ʌld ʒəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈd ʌld ʒəntlɪ]

adv.

放任地

indulgent *

1. indulgent
If you are indulgent , you treat a person with special kindness, often in a way that is not good for them.

- His indulgent mother was willing to let him do anything he wanted.

ADJ-GRADED

2. indulgently

- Ned smiled at him indulgently and said, `Come on over when you feel like it.'

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

indulgent

adjective

lenient

compliant

easy-going

forbearing

kindly

liberal

permissive

tolerant

understanding

industrial

[D.J.:inˈdʌstriəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdʌstriəl]

adj.

工业的, 产业的

用于工业的

industrial ****

1. industrial
You use industrial to describe things which relate to or are used in industry.

- ...industrial machinery and equipment.

- ...a link between industrial chemicals and cancer.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. industrial
An industrial city or country is one in which industry is important or highly developed.

- ...ministers from leading western industrial countries.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

industrial action *

industrial action
If workers take industrial action , they join together and do something to show that they are unhappy with their pay or working conditions, for example refusing to work. (mainly BRIT)

- Prison officers will decide next week whether to take industrial action over staffing levels.

N-UNCOUNT

industrial estate *

industrial estate industrial estates
An industrial estate is an area which has been specially planned for a lot of factories. (BRIT; in AM use industrial park )
N-COUNT

industrialism

[D.J.:inˈdʌstriəliz(ə)m]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdʌstriəˌlɪzəm]

n.

产业主义,工业制度

industrialism

industrialism
Industrialism is the state of having an economy based on industry.
N-UNCOUNT

industrialist

[D.J.:ɪˈdʌstri:əlɪst]

[K.K.:ɪˈdʌstriəlɪst]

n.

工业家,实业家

industrialist *

industrialist industrialists
An industrialist is a powerful businessman who owns or controls large industrial companies or factories.

- ...prominent Japanese industrialists.

N-COUNT

industrialist

noun

capitalist

big businessman

captain of industry

magnate

manufacturer

tycoon

industrialization

[D.J.:ɪnˌd ʌstrɪəlaɪˈzeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˌd ʌstrɪələˈzeʃən]

n.

工业化

industrialize

[D.J.:inˈdʌstriəlaiz]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdʌstriəˌlaɪz]

vt. & vi.

(使)工业化

industrialized

[inˈdʌstriəlaizd]

adj.

工业化的

industrialize **

1. industrialize industrializes industrializing industrialized
When a country industrializes or is industrialized , it develops a lot of industries.

- Energy consumption rises as countries industrialise.

- Stalin's methods had industrialized the Russian economy.

- Britain was the first nation to be industrialised.

V-ERG (BRIT) also industrialise

2. industrialization

- Industrialization began early in Spain.

N-UNCOUNT

industrialized **

industrialized
An industrialized area or place is one which has a lot of industries.

- Industrialized countries could reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 20 per cent.

- ...the industrialized world.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n (BRIT) also industrialised

industrial park

industrial park industrial parks
An industrial park is the same as an industrial estate . (AM)
N-COUNT

industrial relations *

industrial relations
Industrial relations refers to the relationship between employers and employees in industry, and the political decisions and laws that affect it.

- The offer is seen as an attempt to improve industrial relations.

- The new industrial relations legislation curbed the power of the unions.

N-PLURAL

industrious

[D.J.:ɪnˈdʌstri:əs]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdʌstriəs]

adj.

勤劳的, 勤奋的

industrious

1. industrious
If you describe someone as industrious , you mean they work very hard.

- She was an industrious and willing worker.

ADJ-GRADED
= hard-working

2. industriously

- Maggie paints industriously all through the summer.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

industrious

adjective

hard-working

busy

conscientious

diligent

energetic

persistent

purposeful

tireless

zealous

industry

[D.J.:ˈindəstri]

[K.K.:ˈɪndəstri]

n.

工业, 制造业

工业界

某一工业

勤劳, 勤奋

industry *****

1. industry
Industry is the work and processes involved in collecting raw materials, and making them into products in factories.

- British industry suffers through insufficient investment in research.

- ...in countries where industry is developing rapidly.

N-UNCOUNT

2. industry industries
A particular industry consists of all the people and activities involved in making a particular product or providing a particular service.

- ...the motor vehicle and textile industries.

- ...the Scottish tourist industry.

N-COUNT: oft n N

3. industry industries
If you refer to a social or political activity as an industry , you are criticizing it because you think it involves a lot of people in unnecessary or useless work.

- Some Afro-Caribbeans are rejecting the whole race relations industry.

- The multibillion-dollar fitness industry rakes in fat profits from our hunger to look good.

N-COUNT: usu sing, the supp N disapproval

4. industry
Industry is the fact of working very hard. (FORMAL)

- No one doubted his ability, his industry or his integrity.

N-UNCOUNT

industry

noun

1.

business

commerce

manufacturing

production

trade

2.

effort

activity

application

diligence

labour

tirelessness

toil

zeal

inebriated

[D.J.:iˈni:brieitid]

[K.K.:ɪnˈibriˌetɪd]

adj.

酒醉的

inebriated

inebriated
Someone who is inebriated has drunk too much alcohol. (FORMAL)

- Scott was obviously inebriated by the time the dessert was served.

ADJ-GRADED

inebriated

adjective

drunk

half-cut informal

intoxicated

legless informal

merry Brit. informal

paralytic informal

plastered slang

tight informal

tipsy

under the influence informal

inedible

[D.J.:ɪnˈedəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɛdəbəl]

adj.

不能吃的,不适合食用的

inedible

inedible
If you say that something is inedible , you mean you cannot eat it, for example because it tastes bad or is poisonous.

- Detainees complained of being given food which is inedible.

- ...the unnecessary killing of large numbers of inedible fish.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ edible

ineffable

[D.J.:ɪnˈefəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɛfəbəl]

adj.

妙不可言的, 不可言喻的

(尤指某些宗教中神的名字)因神圣而不容称呼的, 须避讳的

ineffably

adv.

难以言喻地,因神圣而不容称呼地

ineffable

1. ineffable
You use ineffable to say that something is so great or extreme that it cannot be described in words. (FORMAL)

- ...the ineffable sadness of many of the portraits.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= indescribable

2. ineffably

- Walters is ineffably entertaining.

- ...his ineffably powerful brain.

ADV: usu ADV adj

ineffective

[D.J.:ˌɪnɪˈfektɪv]

[K.K.:ˌɪnɪˈfɛktɪv]

adj.

无效果的,未能产生预期效果的,不起作用的

无能力的

ineffectively

adv.

无效地,不起作用地;无能力地

ineffectiveness

n.

无效果,不起作用;无能力

ineffectively

adv.

无效地,无用地

ineffectiveness

无效

ineffective *

1. ineffective
If you say that something is ineffective , you mean that it has no effect on a process or situation.

- Economic reform will continue to be painful and ineffective.

- This is an ineffective method of controlling your dog.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ effective

2. ineffectiveness

- ...the ineffectiveness of some of the police's anti-crime strategies.

N-UNCOUNT

ineffective

adjective

useless

fruitless

futile

idle

impotent

inefficient

unavailing

unproductive

vain

worthless

ineffectual

[D.J.:ˌɪnɪˈfektʃu:əl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnɪˈfɛktʃuəl]

adj.

效果不佳的, 无效果的, 不起作用的

ineffectually

adv.

无效地,无益地

ineffectual *

1. ineffectual
If someone or something is ineffectual , they fail to do what they are expected to do or are trying to do.

- The mayor had become ineffectual in the struggle to clamp down on drugs.

- ...the well-meaning but ineffectual jobs programs of the past.

ADJ-GRADED

2. ineffectually

- Her voice trailed off ineffectually.

ADV-GRADED

ineffectual

adjective

weak

feeble

impotent

inadequate

incompetent

ineffective

inept

inefficiency

[D.J.:ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənsɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnəˈfɪʃənsɪ]

n.

无效率;无能

无效率事例

inefficient

[D.J.:ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt]

[K.K.:ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt]

adj.

无效率的, 效率低的, 无能的, 不称职的

inefficiently

adv.

无效率地

inefficient **

1. inefficient
Inefficient people, organizations, systems, or machines do not use time, energy, or other resources in the best way.

- Their communication systems are inefficient in the extreme.

- ...the closure of outdated and inefficient factories.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ efficient

2. inefficiency inefficiencies

- The inefficiency of the distribution system has led to the loss of millions of tons of food.

N-VAR

3. inefficiently

- Energy prices have been kept low, so energy is used inefficiently.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

inefficiency

noun

incompetence

carelessness

disorganization

muddle

slackness

sloppiness

inefficient

adjective

incompetent

disorganized

ineffectual

inept

wasteful

weak

inelegant

[D.J.:inˈeliɡənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɛlɪɡənt]

adj.

不雅的

inelegant

inelegant
If you say that something is inelegant , you mean that it is not attractive or graceful.

- The grand piano has been replaced with a small, inelegant electric model.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ elegant

ineligibility

n.

无被选资格,不适任

ineligible

[D.J.:ɪnˈelɪdʒəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɛlɪdʒəbəl]

adj.

无入选资格的,不合格的

ineligibility

n.

ineligible

ineligible
If you are ineligible for something, you are not qualified for it or entitled to it. (FORMAL)

- ...a ruling that he would be ineligible for any social security benefits...

- They were ineligible to remain in the USA because of their criminal records.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ for n, ADJ to-inf
≠ eligible

ineligible

adjective

unqualified

disqualified

ruled out

unacceptable

unfit

unsuitable

ineluctable

[D.J.:ˌɪnɪˈlʌktəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnɪˈlʌktəbəl]

adj.

不可避免的,必然发生的

ineluctable

ineluctable
You use ineluctable to describe something that cannot be stopped, escaped, or ignored. (FORMAL)

- ...Malthus's theories about the ineluctable tendency of populations to exceed resources.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= inescapable

inept

[D.J.:ɪnˈept]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɛpt]

adj.

无能的, 不称职的, 笨拙的

不恰当的, 荒谬的

inept *

inept
If you say that someone is inept , you are criticizing them because they do something with a complete lack of skill.

- He was inept and lacked the intelligence to govern.

- You are completely inept at writing.

- ...his inept handling of the army.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ skilful

inept

adjective

incompetent

bumbling

bungling

clumsy

inexpert

maladroit

ineptitude

[D.J.:ɪˈneptɪtju:d]

[K.K.:ɪnˈ ɛptəˌtjud]

n.

不合适,不适当

笨拙,愚笨

ineptitude

ineptitude
If you refer to someone's ineptitude , you are criticizing them because they do something with a complete lack of skill.

- ...the tactical ineptitude of the allied commander.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
≠ skill

ineptitude

noun

incompetence

clumsiness

inexpertness

unfitness

inequality

[D.J.:ˌɪnɪˈkwɔlɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌɪnɪˈkwɑlɪti]

n.

不平等,不均等,不等量

inequality *

inequality inequalities
Inequality is the difference in social status, wealth, or opportunity between people or groups.

- People are concerned about corruption and social inequality.

- Blacks have been hurt by racial inequalities in housing and education.

N-VAR
≠ equality

inequality

noun

disparity

bias

difference

disproportion

diversity

irregularity

prejudice

unevenness

inequitable

[D.J.:inˈekwitəbl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɛkwɪtəbəl]

adj.

不公平的,不公正的

inequitable

inequitable
If you say that something is inequitable , you are criticizing it because it is unfair or unjust. (FORMAL)

- The welfare system is grossly inequitable and inefficient.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ equitable

inequitable

adjective

unfair

biased

discriminatory

one-sided

partial

partisan

preferential

prejudiced

unjust

inequities

不公平待遇

inequity

[D.J.:inˈekwiti]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɛkwɪti]

n.

不公平,不公正

inequity

inequity inequities
If you refer to the inequity of something, you are criticizing it because it is unfair or unjust. (FORMAL)

- Social imbalance worries him more than inequity of income.

- ...the inequities in our health care system.

N-VAR disapproval
= inequality

ineradicable

[D.J.:ˌiniˈrædikəbl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnɪˈrædɪkəbəl]

adj.

不能根除的,根深蒂固的

ineradicable

ineradicable
You use ineradicable to emphasize that a quality, fact, or situation is permanent and cannot be changed. (FORMAL)

- The emotional wounds of early childhood leave ineradicable scars.

- Divorce is a permanent, ineradicable fact of modern life.

ADJ: usu ADJ n emphasis

inert

[D.J.:ɪnˈɜ:t]

[K.K.:ɪnˈə..t]

adj.

无自动力的

(身心)迟钝的

<化>惰性的

inert *

1. inert
Someone or something that is inert does not move at all.

- He covered the inert body with a blanket.

ADJ

2. inert
If you describe something as inert , you are criticizing it because it is not very lively or interesting.

- The novel itself remains oddly inert.

- ...her inert personality.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

3. inert
An inert substance is one which does not react with other substances; a technical use in chemistry.

- ...inert gases like neon and argon.

ADJ

inert

adjective

inactive

dead

dormant

immobile

lifeless

motionless

static

still

unreactive

unresponsive

inertia

[D.J.:iˈnə:ʃjə]

[K.K.:ɪˈnɚʃə]

n.

不活动, 惰性

〈物〉惯性

inertia *

1. inertia
If you have a feeling of inertia , you feel very lazy and unwilling to move or be active.

- He resented her inertia, her lack of energy and self-direction.

- This might help you overcome inertia.

N-UNCOUNT
= apathy

2. inertia
Inertia is the tendency of a physical object to remain still or to continue moving, unless a force is applied to it. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

inertia

noun

inactivity

apathy

immobility

lethargy

listlessness

passivity

sloth

unresponsiveness

inescapable

[D.J.:ˌɪnɪˈskeɪpəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnɪˈskepəbəl]

adj.

不可避免的, 逃避不了的

inescapably

adv.

逃不掉地

inescapable *

1. inescapable
If you describe a fact, situation, or activity as inescapable , you mean that it is difficult not to notice it or be affected by it.

- The inescapable conclusion is that he was trying to avenge the death of his friend.

- A sense of imminent doom was inescapable.

ADJ
= unavoidable

2. inescapably

- It is inescapably clear that they won't turn round.

ADV

inescapable

adjective

unavoidable

certain

destined

fated

ineluctable

inevitable

inexorable

sure

inessential

[D.J.:ˌɪnɪˈsenʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnɪˈsɛnʃəl]

adj.

非必要的,无关紧要的

可省去的,可有可无的

n.

可有可无的事物

inessential

inessential
If something is inessential , you do not need it. (FORMAL)

- We have omitted footnotes which we judged inessential to the text.

ADJ
= unnecessary ≠ essential

inestimable

[D.J.:ɪnˈestəməbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɛstəməbəl]

adj.

极贵重的,(大得)无法估计的

inestimably

adv.

inestimably

adv.

难以计算地,无法估计地,极宝贵地

inestimable

inestimable
If you describe the value, benefit, or importance of something as inestimable , you mean that it is extremely great and cannot be calculated. (FORMAL)

- Human life is of inestimable value.

- This gives the professional an inestimable advantage.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= incalculable

inestimable

adjective

incalculable

immeasurable

invaluable

precious

priceless

prodigious

inevitability

[inˌev itəˈbiləti]

n.

必然性

inevitability *

inevitability inevitabilities
The inevitability of something is the fact that it is certain to happen and cannot be prevented or avoided.

- We are all bound by the inevitability of death.

- Success is an inevitability for us.

N-VAR: oft N of n

inevitable

[D.J.:inˈevitəbl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɛvɪtəbəl]

adj.

不可避免的, 必然发生的

〈非正〉总会发生的, 照例必有的, 惯常的

inevitable ***

1. inevitable
If something is inevitable , it is certain to happen and cannot be prevented or avoided.

- If the case succeeds, it is inevitable that other trials will follow.

- The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.

ADJ: oft it v-link ADJ that
= unavoidable

2. inevitable
The inevitable is something which is inevitable.

- `It's just delaying the inevitable,' he said.

N-SING: the N

inevitable

adjective

unavoidable

assured

certain

destined

fixed

ineluctable

inescapable

inexorable

sure

inevitably

[D.J.:ɪnˈevɪtəblɪ]

adv.

不可避免地,必然地

inevitably **

inevitably
If something will inevitably happen, it is certain to happen and cannot be prevented or avoided.

- Technological changes will inevitably lead to unemployment.

- Inevitably, the proposal is running into difficulties.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV with cl, ADV adj
= unavoidably

inevitably

adverb

unavoidably

as a result

automatically

certainly

necessarily

of necessity

perforce

surely

willy-nilly

inexact

[D.J.:ˌɪnɪgˈzækt]

[K.K.:ˌɪnɪɡˈzækt]

adj.

不准确的, 不精确的

inexact

inexact
Something that is inexact is not precise or accurate.

- Both explanations were inexact.

- Forecasting was an inexact science.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ exact

inexcusable

[D.J.:ˌɪnɪkˈskju:zəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnɪkˈskjuzəbəl]

adj.

不可原谅的, 不可宽恕的

inexcusably

adv.

无法原谅地

inexcusable

1. inexcusable
If you say that something is inexcusable , you are emphasizing that it cannot be justified or tolerated because it is extremely bad.

- He said the killing of innocent people was inexcusable.

- The Home Office has been accused of inexcusable incompetence.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= unpardonable unforgivable

2. inexcusably

- She had been inexcusably careless.

ADV-GRADED

inexcusable

adjective

unforgivable

indefensible

outrageous

unjustifiable

unpardonable

unwarrantable

inexhaustible

[D.J.:ˌɪnɪgˈzɔ:stəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnɪɡˈzɔstəbəl]

adj.

无穷无尽的;用不完的

inexhaustible

inexhaustible
If there is an inexhaustible supply of something, there is so much of it that it cannot all be used up.

- They seem to have an inexhaustible supply of ammunition.

- His energy was unbounded and his patience inexhaustible.

ADJ
= endless

inexorable

[D.J.:ɪnˈeksərəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɛksərəbəl]

adj.

无情的;不屈的

不能变更的;不可阻挡的

inexorably

adv.

无情地,冷酷地

inexorable *

1. inexorable
You use inexorable to describe a process which cannot be prevented from continuing or progressing. (FORMAL)

- ...the seemingly inexorable rise in unemployment.

- ...his steady, inexorable decline.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= relentless

2. inexorably

- Spending on health is growing inexorably.

- The crisis is moving inexorably towards war.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

inexorable

adjective

unrelenting

inescapable

relentless

remorseless

unbending

unyielding

inexpensive

[D.J.:ˌɪnɪkˈspensɪv]

[K.K.:ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv]

adj.

不贵的, 便宜的

inexpensive *

inexpensive
Something that is inexpensive does not cost very much.

- There is a large variety of good inexpensive restaurants.

ADJ-GRADED
= cheap ≠ expensive

inexpensive

adjective

cheap

bargain

budget

economical

modest

reasonable

inexperience

[D.J.:ˌɪnɪkˈspɪəri:əns]

[K.K.:ˌɪnɪkˈspɪriəns]

n.

缺乏经验;不成熟

缺乏知识

inexperience

inexperience
If you refer to someone's inexperience , you mean that they have little knowledge or experience of a particular situation or activity.

- Critics attacked the youth and inexperience of his staff.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ experience

inexperience

noun

unfamiliarity

callowness

greenness

ignorance

newness

rawness

inexperienced

[D.J.:ˌɪnɪkˈspɪərɪənst]

[K.K.: ˌɪnɪkˈspɪrɪənst]

adj.

经验不足的,不熟练的

inexperienced *

inexperienced
If you are inexperienced , you have little knowledge or experience of a particular situation or activity.

- They are inexperienced when it comes to decorating.

- Routine tasks are often delegated to inexperienced young doctors.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ experienced

inexperienced

adjective

immature

callow

green

new

raw

unpractised

untried

unversed

inexpert

[D.J.:ɪnˈekˌspɜ:t]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɛkˌspə..t]

adj.

非内行的;不熟练的;笨拙的

inexpert

inexpert
If you describe someone or something as inexpert , you mean that they show a lack of skill.

- He was too inexperienced and too inexpert to succeed.

- ...inexpert needlework.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ expert

inexpert

adjective

amateurish

bungling

cack-handed informal

clumsy

inept

maladroit

unpractised

unprofessional

unskilled

inexplicable

[D.J.:ɪnˈeksplɪkəbəl, ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɛksplɪkəbəl, ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbəl]

adj.

无法解释的;神秘的

inexplicably

[D.J.:ɪnˈeksplɪkəblɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈ ɛksplɪkəblɪ]

adv.

无法说明地;难以理解地;令人难以理解的是

inexplicable *

1. inexplicable
If something is inexplicable , you cannot explain why it happens or why it is true.

- His behaviour was extraordinary and inexplicable.

- For some inexplicable reason, the investors decided to pull out.

ADJ-GRADED
= incomprehensible

2. inexplicably

- She suddenly and inexplicably announced her retirement.

- His wartime experiences were inexplicably absent from the diaries.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj, ADV with cl

inexplicable

adjective

unaccountable

baffling

enigmatic

incomprehensible

insoluble

mysterious

mystifying

strange

unfathomable

unintelligible

inexpressible

[D.J.:ˌɪnɪkˈspresəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnɪkˈsprɛsəbəl]

adj.

<正>(感情)难以表达的, 无法形容的

inexpressibly

adv.

到不能用语言表达的程度

inexpressible

1. inexpressible
An inexpressible feeling cannot be expressed in words because it is so strong. (FORMAL)

- He felt a sudden inexpressible loneliness.

ADJ
= indescribable

2. inexpressibly

- For some reason I feel inexpressibly sad.

ADV: ADV adj

in extremis

1. in extremis
If someone or something is in extremis , they are in a very difficult situation and have to use extreme methods. (FORMAL)

- Yet now he was here, in extremis, to seek an alliance.

- The use of antibiotics is permitted only in extremis.

PHR: PHR with v

2. in extremis
You can say that someone is in extremis when they are very ill and likely to die. (FORMAL)

- ...to treat patients who were in extremis.

PHR

inextricable

[D.J.:ɪnˈekstrɪkəbəl, ˌɪnɪkˈstrɪkəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɛkstrɪkəbəl, ˌɪnɪkˈstrɪkəbəl]

adj.

<正>无法摆脱的;解不开的

inextricably

adv.

无法摆脱地;解不开地

inextricably

adv.

逃不掉地,解决不了地,解不开地

inextricable

inextricable
If there is an inextricable link between things, they cannot be considered separately. (FORMAL)

- There's an inextricable link between markets and cost.

- Thoreau viewed man as an inextricable part of nature.

- Art and life are inextricable.

ADJ-GRADED
= inseparable

inextricably *

inextricably
If two or more things are inextricably linked, they cannot be considered separately. (FORMAL)

- Our survival is inextricably linked to the survival of the rainforest.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

inextricably

adverb

inseparably

indissolubly

indistinguishably

intricately

irretrievably

totally

infallibility

[D.J.:ɪnˌfæləˈbɪlɪtɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˌfæləˈbɪləlɪ]

n.

无错误;无过失(性)

infallible

[D.J.:ɪnˈfæləbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfæləbəl]

adj.

不会犯错误的, 无过失的

极准确的, 极精确的

绝对可靠的;万无一失的;永远有效的

infallible *

1. infallible
If a person or thing is infallible , they are never wrong.

- Although he was experienced, he was not infallible.

- She had an infallible eye for style.

ADJ
≠ fallible

2. infallibility

- ...exaggerated views of the infallibility of science.

N-UNCOUNT

infallibility

noun

perfection

impeccability

omniscience

supremacy

unerringness

infallible

adjective

foolproof

certain

dependable

reliable

sure

sure-fire informal

trustworthy

unbeatable

unfailing

infamous

[D.J.:ˈinfəməs]

[K.K.:ˈɪnfəməs]

adj.

丑恶的, 臭名昭著的

〈正〉邪恶的, 无耻的

infamous *

infamous
Infamous people or things are well-known because of something bad. (FORMAL)

- ...the infamous massacre of Indians at Wounded Knee...

- He was infamous for his anti-feminist attitudes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n, also v-link ADJ for n, v-link ADJ
= notorious

infamous

adjective

notorious

disreputable

ignominious

ill-famed

infamy

[D.J.:ˈɪnfəmi:]

[K.K.:ˈɪnfəmi]

n.

声名狼藉;臭名;丑恶

恶行;不光彩的行为

infamy

infamy
Infamy is the state of being infamous. (FORMAL)

- ...one of the greatest acts of infamy in history...

- He enjoyed exaggerating his infamy.

N-UNCOUNT
= notoriety

infancy

[D.J.:ˈɪnfənsi:]

[K.K.:ˈɪnfənsi]

n.

婴儿期

早期, 初始阶段

infancy *

1. infancy
Infancy is the period of your life when you are a very young child.

- ...minute details of Deborah's infancy.

- ...the development of the mind from infancy onwards.

N-UNCOUNT: usu poss N, prep N

2. infancy
If something is in its infancy , it is new and has not developed very much.

- Computing science was still in its infancy.

N-UNCOUNT: usu in poss N

infancy

noun

beginnings

cradle

dawn

inception

origins

outset

start

infant

[ˈinfənt]

n.

婴儿, 幼儿

infant **

1. infant infants
An infant is a baby or very young child. (FORMAL)

- ...young mums with infants in prams...

- The family were forced to flee with their infant son.

- ...the infant mortality rate in Britain.

N-COUNT: oft N n

2. infant infants
Infants are children between the ages of five and seven, who go to an infant school. (BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu pl

3. infant
You use the infants to refer to a school or class for such children.

- You've been my best friend ever since we started in the infants.

N-UNCOUNT: the N

4. infant
Infant means designed especially for very young children.

- ...an infant carrier in the back of a car.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. infant
An infant organization or system is new and has not developed very much.

- The infant company was based in Germany.

- ...the infant health service.

ADJ: ADJ n

infant

noun

baby

babe

bairn Scot.

child

toddler

tot

infanticide

[D.J.:inˈfæntisaid]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfæntɪˌsaɪd]

n.

杀婴,杀婴者

infanticide

infanticide
Infanticide is the crime of killing a young child.
N-UNCOUNT

infantile

[D.J.:ˈɪnfənˌtaɪl, -tɪl]

[K.K.:ˈɪnfənˌtaɪl, -tɪl]

adj.

婴儿(期)的

<贬>幼稚的, 孩子气的;婴儿的

infantile

1. infantile
Infantile behaviour or illnesses are typical of very young children. (FORMAL)

- ...infantile aggression.

- ...children with infantile eczema.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. infantile
If you accuse someone or something of being infantile , you think that they are foolish and childish.

- This kind of humour is infantile and boring.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= childish

infantile

adjective

childish

babyish

immature

puerile

infantry

[D.J.:ˈinfəntri]

[K.K.:ˈɪnfəntri]

n.

步兵

infantry **

infantry
The infantry are soldiers who fight on foot rather than in tanks or on horses.

- The infantry were advancing to attack the ridge.

- The enemy infantry was hiding.

- ...an infantry division.

- ...regiments of infantry.

N-UNCOUNT-COLL

infantryman

[D.J.:ˈinfəntrimən]

[K.K.:ˈɪnfəntrimən]

n.

步兵

infantryman

infantryman infantrymen
An infantryman is a soldier who fights on foot.
N-COUNT

infant school

infant school infant schools
In Britain, an infant school is a school for children between the ages of five and seven.
N-VAR

infatuated

[D.J.:ɪnˈfætʃu:ˌeɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfætʃuˌetɪd]

adj.

热恋的, 着迷的

infatuated

infatuated
If you are infatuated with a person or thing, you have strong feelings of love or passion for them which make you unable to think clearly or sensibly about them.

- He was utterly infatuated with her.

- I became infatuated with the case.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n
= obsessed

infatuated

adjective

obsessed

besotted

bewitched

captivated

carried away

enamoured

enraptured

fascinated

possessed

smitten informal

spellbound

infatuation

[D.J.:ɪˌfætʃu:ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˌfætʃuˈeʃən]

n.

热恋,迷恋

infatuation

infatuation infatuations
If you have an infatuation for a person or thing, you have strong feelings of love or passion for them which make you unable to think clearly or sensibly about them.

- ...his infatuation with bullfighting.

- ...Daisy's infatuation for the doctor...

- Teenagers have their own infatuations.

N-VAR
= obsession

infatuation

noun

obsession

crush informal

fixation

madness

passion

thing informal

infect

[D.J.:inˈfekt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfɛkt]

vt.

(受)传染

污染

影响

infected

[inˈfektid]

adj.

(伤口)被感染的

infection

[D.J.:inˈfekʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfɛkʃən]

n.

〈医〉传染, 感染

传染病

infect ***

1. infect infects infecting infected
To infect people, animals, or plants means to cause them to have a disease or illness.

- A single mosquito can infect a large number of people.

- ...objects used by an infected person.

- ...people infected with HIV.

VB

2. infection

- ...plants that are resistant to infection.

N-UNCOUNT

3. infect infects infecting infected
To infect a substance or area means to cause it to contain harmful germs or bacteria.

- The birds infect the milk.

- ...a virus which is spread mainly by infected blood.

VB
= contaminate

4. infect infects infecting infected
When people, places, or things are infected by a feeling or influence, it spreads to them.

- For an instant I was infected by her fear.

- He thought they might infect others with their bourgeois ideas.

- His urge for revenge would never infect her.

VB

infected

infected
An infected place is one where germs or bacteria are causing a disease to spread among people or animals.

- In heavily infected areas, half the population become blind.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

infection ***

infection infections
An infection is a disease caused by germs or bacteria.

- Ear infections are common in pre-school children.

- Exactly which bacteria cause the infection is still unknown.

N-COUNT
See also infect .

infect

verb

contaminate

affect

blight

corrupt

defile

poison

pollute

taint

infection

noun

contamination

contagion

corruption

defilement

poison

pollution

virus

infectious

[D.J.:inˈfekʃəs]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfɛkʃəs]

adj.

传染的, 有传染性的

有感染力的

infectious *

1. infectious
A disease that is infectious can be caught by being near a person who has it. Compare contagious .

- ...infectious diseases such as measles...

- These viruses affect children and are highly infectious.

ADJ-GRADED

2. infectious
If a feeling is infectious , it spreads to other people.

- She radiates an infectious enthusiasm for everything she does.

- There was a peal of laughter down the phone, which Harry found infectious.

ADJ-GRADED

infectious

adjective

catching

communicable

contagious

spreading

transmittable

virulent

infective

[D.J.:inˈfektiv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfɛktɪv]

adj.

会传染的,有传染性的,影响别人的,感染别人的

infective

infective
Infective means related to infection or likely to cause infection. (FORMAL)

- ...a mild and very common infective disease of children.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

infer

[D.J.:inˈfə:]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfɚ]

vt.

推断, 推知

infer *

1. infer infers inferring inferred
If you infer that something is the case, you decide that it is true on the basis of information that you already have.

- I inferred from what she said that you have not been well.

- By measuring the motion of the galaxies in a cluster, astronomers can infer the cluster's mass.

VB
= deduce

2. infer infers inferring inferred
Some people use infer to mean `imply', but many people consider this use to be incorrect.

- The police inferred, though they didn't exactly say it, that they found her behaviour rather suspicious.

VB

infer

verb

deduce

conclude

derive

gather

presume

surmise

understand

inference

[D.J.:ˈinfərəns]

[K.K.:ˈɪnfərəns]

n.

推论, 推理, 推断

推断结果, 结论

inference *

1. inference inferences
An inference is a conclusion that you draw about something by using information that you already have about it.

- There were two inferences to be drawn from her letter.

N-COUNT
= conclusion

2. inference
Inference is the act of drawing conclusions about something on the basis of information that you already have.

- It had an extremely tiny head and, by inference, a tiny brain.

N-UNCOUNT

inference

noun

deduction

assumption

conclusion

presumption

reading

surmise

inferior

[D.J.:inˈfiəriə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfɪriɚ]

adj.

低等的, 下级的

劣等的, 次的

n.

部下, 下属

inferiority

[D.J.:ɪnˌfɪərɪˈ ɔrɪtɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnfɪrɪˈ ɑrətɪ]

n.

劣势,劣等;下等;次级

自卑情绪,自卑感

inferior **

1. inferior
Something that is inferior is not as good as something else.

- The cassettes were of inferior quality.

- This resulted in overpriced and often inferior products.

- If children were made to feel inferior to other children their confidence declined.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
≠ superior

2. inferior
If one person is regarded as inferior to another, they are regarded as less important because they have less status or ability.

- He preferred the company of those who were intellectually inferior to himself.

- ...the inferior status of women in pre-revolutionary Russia...

- Most career women make me feel inferior.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
≠ superior

3. inferior inferiors
Also a noun.

- It was a gentleman's duty always to be civil, even to his inferiors.

N-COUNT

4. inferiority

- I found it difficult to shake off a sense of social inferiority.

N-UNCOUNT

inferior

adjective

1.

lower

lesser

menial

minor

secondary

subordinate

subsidiary

noun

2.

underling

junior

menial

subordinate

inferiority

noun

1.

inadequacy

deficiency

imperfection

insignificance

mediocrity

shoddiness

worthlessness

2.

subservience

abasement

lowliness

subordination

inferiority complex

inferiority complex inferiority complexes
Someone who has an inferiority complex feels that they are of less worth or importance than other people.
N-COUNT

infernal

[D.J.:ɪnˈfɜ:nəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfə..nəl]

adj.

地狱的,阴间的

地狱似的,恶魔似的

<口>可恨的,讨厌的,坏透的

infernally

adv.

infernally

adv.

恶魔似地,可憎地

infernal

1. infernal
Infernal is used to emphasize that something is very annoying or unpleasant. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- The post office is shut, which is an infernal bore.

- They can't work in these infernal conditions.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

2. infernal
Infernal is used to describe things that relate to hell. (LITERARY)

- ...the goddess of the infernal regions.

ADJ: ADJ n

infernal

adjective

devilish

accursed

damnable

damned

diabolical

fiendish

hellish

satanic

inferno

[D.J.:ɪnˈfɜ:nəʊ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfə..no]

n.

地狱

很热的地方

inferno *

inferno infernos
If you refer to a fire as an inferno , you mean that it is burning fiercely and causing great destruction. (JOURNALISM)

- Rescue workers fought to get to victims inside the inferno.

N-COUNT: usu sing

infertile

[D.J.:ɪnˈfɜ:tl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfə..tl..]

adj.

不能生育的

贫瘠的,不毛的

infertility

[D.J.:ˌɪnfəˈtɪlɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌɪnfɚˈtɪlɪti]

n.

不肥沃,不毛

infertile *

1. infertile
A person or animal that is infertile is unable to produce babies.

- According to one survey, one woman in eight is infertile.

ADJ

2. infertility

- Male infertility is becoming commonplace.

- ...couples receiving infertility treatment.

N-UNCOUNT

3. infertile
Infertile soil is of poor quality so that plants cannot grow in it.

- The polluted waste is often dumped, making the surrounding land infertile.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ fertile

infertile

adjective

barren

sterile

unfruitful

unproductive

infertility

noun

sterility

barrenness

infecundity

unproductiveness

infest

[D.J.:ɪnˈfest]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfɛst]

vt.

害虫、野兽大批出没于

遍布于

infestation

[infesˈteiʃən]

n.

(害虫、盗贼等)群袭,出没,横行

infest *

1. infest infests infesting infested
When creatures such as insects or rats infest plants or a place, they are present in large numbers and cause damage.

- ...pests like aphids which infest cereal crops.

VB

2. infested

- The prison is infested with rats.

- In less than seven days the infested plants had recovered.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n

3. -infested

- ...the rat-infested slums where the plague flourished.

COMB in ADJ

4. infestation infestations.

- The premises were treated for cockroach infestation.

- Parts of California are suffering from an infestation of oriental fruit flies.

N-VAR: oft n N, N of n

5. infest infests infesting infested
If you say that people or things you disapprove of or regard as dangerous are infesting a place, you mean that there are large numbers of them in that place.

- Crime and drugs are infesting the inner cities.

VB disapproval
= overrun

6. infested

- The road further south was infested with bandits.

ADJ

7. -infested

- ...the shark-infested waters of the Great Barrier Reef.

COMB in ADJ

infest

verb

overrun

beset

invade

penetrate

permeate

ravage

swarm

throng

infested

adjective

overrun

alive

crawling

ravaged

ridden

swarming

teeming

infidel

[D.J.:ˈɪnfɪdəl, -ˌdel]

[K.K.:ˈɪnfɪdəl, -ˌdɛl]

n.

不信宗教的(人);异教徒

infidel

1. infidel infidels
If one person refers to another as an infidel , the first person is hostile towards the second person because that person has a different religion or has no religion. (LITERARY)

- ...a holy war, to drive the infidels and the non-believers out of this holy land.

N-COUNT disapproval

2. infidel
Also an adjective.

- He promised to continue the fight against infidel forces.

ADJ: ADJ n

infidelity

[D.J.:ˌɪnfɪˈdelɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌɪnfɪˈdɛlɪti]

n.

(夫妻间的)不忠实;(尤指)通奸

infidelity *

infidelity infidelities
Infidelity occurs when a person who is married or in a steady relationship has sex with another person.

- George turned a blind eye to his partner's infidelities.

- I divorced him for infidelity.

N-VAR

in-fighting

混战,暗斗

in-fighting

in-fighting
In-fighting is quarrelling and competition between members of the same group or organization.

- ...after a year of in-fighting between right-wingers and moderates in the party.

N-UNCOUNT

infill

[D.J.:ˈinfil]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌfɪl]

v.

填实(空隙等)

infilling

[inˈfiliŋ]

n.

填入,填补物

infill

1. infill infills infilling infilled
To infill a hollow place or gap means to fill it. (mainly BRIT; in AM use fill in )

- The cave was too polluted to enter and the entrance was infilled by the landowner.

- It is wise to start infilling with a layer of gravel for drainage.

VB

2. infill
Infill is something which fills a hollow place or gap. (mainly BRIT)

- There is room for infill between the new outer suburbs.

- ...an infill panel between the top of the wardrobes and the ceiling.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

infiltrate

[D.J.:ɪnˈfɪlˌtreɪt, ˈɪnfɪl-]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfɪlˌtret, ˈɪnfɪl-]

vt. & vi.

(使)渗透;(指思想)渗入人的心中

infiltration

[D.J.:ˌinfilˈtreiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnfɪlˈtreʃən]

n.

渗透

infiltrate *

1. infiltrate infiltrates infiltrating infiltrated
If people infiltrate a place or organization, or infiltrate into it, they enter it secretly in order to spy on it or influence it.

- Activists had infiltrated the student movement.

- The street protests had been infiltrated by people bent on violence.

- A reporter tried to infiltrate into the prison.

VB

2. infiltration infiltrations

- ...an inquiry into alleged infiltration by the far left group...

- The security zone was set up to prevent guerrilla infiltrations.

N-VAR

3. infiltrate infiltrates infiltrating infiltrated
To infiltrate people into a place or organization means to get them into it secretly in order to spy on it or influence it.

- He claimed that some countries have been trying to infiltrate their agents into the Republic.

VB

infiltrate

verb

penetrate

filter through

insinuate oneself

make inroads (into)

percolate

permeate

pervade

sneak in informal

infiltrator

[ˈinfiltreitə,inˈfiltreitə]

n.

渗透者,渗入者

infiltrator

infiltrator infiltrators
An infiltrator is a person who has infiltrated a place or organization.
N-COUNT

infin.

infin.
Infin. is an abbreviation for infinitive .

infinite

[D.J.:ˈinfinit]

[K.K.:ˈɪnfənɪt]

adj.

无限的, 无穷的, 无边无际的

infinitely

[D.J.:ˈɪnfɪnɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɪnfənɪtlɪ]

adv.

无限地,无穷地;极其

infinite **

1. infinite
If you describe something as infinite , you are emphasizing that it is extremely great in amount or degree.

- ...an infinite variety of landscapes...

- With infinite care, John shifted position.

- The choice is infinite.

ADJ emphasis
= immense

2. infinitely

- His design was infinitely better than anything I could have done.

ADV: ADV adj/adv

3. infinite
Something that is infinite has no limit, end, or edge.

- ...an infinite number of atoms...

- Obviously, no company has infinite resources.

- ...God's infinite mercy.

ADJ
= boundless

4. infinite
The infinite is something which is infinite.

- ...pondering on the infinite.

N-SING: the N

5. infinitely

- A centimeter can be infinitely divided into smaller units.

ADV: ADV with v

infinite

adjective

never-ending

boundless

eternal

everlasting

illimitable

immeasurable

inexhaustible

limitless

measureless

unbounded

infinitesimal

[D.J.:ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesəməl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtɛsəməl]

adj.

极微小的

infinitesimally

adv.

无限小地

infinitesimal

1. infinitesimal
Something that is infinitesimal is extremely small. (FORMAL)

- ...mineral substances present in infinitesimal amounts in the soil...

- There was an infinitesimal pause.

ADJ
= minute

2. infinitesimally

- ...an infinitesimally small amount of the offending substance.

ADV: ADV adj/adv

infinitesimal

adjective

microscopic

insignificant

minuscule

minute

negligible

teeny

tiny

unnoticeable

infinitive

[D.J.:ɪnˈfɪnɪtɪv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfɪnɪtɪv]

n.

(动词)不定式

adj.

不定式的

infinitive

infinitive infinitives
The infinitive of a verb is the basic form, for example `do', `be', `take', and `eat'. The infinitive is often used with `to' in front of it.
N-COUNT

infinity

[D.J.:ɪnˈfɪnɪti:]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfɪnɪti]

n.

<数>无穷大, 无限大

无限远的点

infinity *

1. infinity
Infinity is a number that is larger than any other number and can never be given an exact value.

- These permutations multiply towards infinity.

- There is always an infinity of numbers between any two numbers.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N of n

2. infinity
Infinity is a point that is further away than any other point and can never be reached.

- ...the darkness of a starless night stretching to infinity.

N-UNCOUNT

infinity

noun

eternity

boundlessness

endlessness

immensity

vastness

infirm

[D.J.:ɪnˈfɜ:m]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfə..m]

adj.

体弱的

infirmity

[D.J.:ɪnˈfɜ:mətɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfə..mətɪ]

n.

体弱，虚弱

疾病，病症

infirm

1. infirm
A person who is infirm is weak or ill, and usually old. (FORMAL)

- She moved with her aging, infirm husband into a retirement center.

ADJ-GRADED

2. infirm
The infirm are people who are infirm.

- We are here to protect and assist the weak and infirm.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. infirmity infirmities

- In spite of his age and infirmity, the old man is still producing plays and novels.

- Older people often try to ignore their infirmities.

N-VAR

infirm

adjective

frail

ailing

debilitated

decrepit

doddering

enfeebled

failing

feeble

weak

infirmity

noun

frailty

decrepitude

ill health

sickliness

vulnerability

infirmary

[D.J.:ɪnˈfɜ:məri:]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfə..məri]

n.

医务室

医院

infirmary *

infirmary infirmaries
Some hospitals are called infirmaries .

- Mrs Hardie had been taken to the infirmary in an ambulance.

- ...the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

inflame

[D.J.:ɪnˈfleɪm]

[K.K.:ɪnˈflem]

vt. & vi.

(使)变红, 发怒, 过热

inflamed

[D.J.:ɪnˈfleɪmd]

[K.K.: ɪnˈflemd]

adj.

发炎的;红肿的

inflame *

inflame inflames inflaming inflamed
If something inflames a situation or inflames people's feelings, it makes people feel even more strongly about something. (JOURNALISM)

- The General holds the rebels responsible for inflaming the situation.

- The shooting has only inflamed passions further.

VB

inflamed

inflamed
If part of your body is inflamed , it is red or swollen, usually as a result of an infection, injury, or illness. (FORMAL)

- Symptoms include red, itchy and inflamed skin.

- Her eyes were sore and inflamed.

ADJ-GRADED

inflame

verb

enrage

anger

arouse

excite

incense

infuriate

madden

provoke

rouse

stimulate

inflamed

adjective

sore

fevered

hot

infected

red

swollen

inflammable

[D.J.:ɪnˈflæməbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈflæməbəl]

adj.

易燃的

<口>易激动的;易激怒的

inflammable

inflammable
An inflammable material or chemical catches fire and burns easily.

- A highly inflammable liquid escaped into the drilling equipment.

ADJ-GRADED
= flammable

inflammable

adjective

flammable

combustible

incendiary

inflammation

[D.J.:ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnfləˈmeʃən]

n.

<医>炎症

inflammation *

inflammation inflammations
An inflammation is a painful redness or swelling of a part of your body that results from an infection, injury, or illness. (FORMAL)

- The drug can cause inflammation of the liver.

- ...throat inflammations.

N-VAR

inflammation

noun

soreness

painfulness

rash

redness

tenderness

inflammatory

[D.J.:ɪnˈflæməˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:]

[K.K.:ɪnˈflæməˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

<贬>刺激性的;煽动性的

炎性的;发炎的

inflammatory *

1. inflammatory
If you accuse someone of saying or doing inflammatory things, you mean that what they say or do is likely to make people react very angrily.

- ...nationalist policies that are too drastic and inflammatory...

- She described his remarks as irresponsible, inflammatory and outrageous.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. inflammatory
An inflammatory condition or disease is one in which the patient suffers from inflammation. (FORMAL)

- ...the inflammatory reactions that occur in asthma.

ADJ: ADJ n

inflammatory

adjective

provocative

explosive

fiery

intemperate

like a red rag to a bull

rabble-rousing

inflatable

[D.J.:inˈfleitəbl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfletəbəl]

adj.

必须充气才能使用的; 可充气的

inflatable *

1. inflatable
An inflatable object is one that you fill with air when you want to use it.

- ...an inflatable dinghy...

- The children were playing on the inflatable castle.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. inflatable inflatables
An inflatable is an inflatable object, especially a small boat.
N-COUNT

inflate

[D.J.:inˈfleit]

[K.K.:ɪnˈflet]

vt. & vi.

使充气(于轮胎、气球等), (使)膨胀

(使)通货膨胀, 物价上涨

inflated

[D.J.:ɪnˈfleɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfletɪd]

adj.

(价格)飞涨的;(通货)膨胀的

<贬>言过其实的, 夸大的, 华而不实的

充了气的

inflating

加压

inflate *

1. inflate inflates inflating inflated
If you inflate something such as a balloon or tyre, or if it inflates , it becomes bigger as it is filled with air or a gas.

- Stuart jumped into the sea and inflated the liferaft.

- Don's lifejacket had failed to inflate.

V-ERG

2. inflate inflates inflating inflated
If you say that someone inflates the price of something, or that the price inflates , you mean that the price increases.

- The promotion of a big release can inflate a film's final cost.

- Clothing prices have not inflated as much as automobiles.

V-ERG
= increase

3. inflated

- They had to buy everything at inflated prices at the ranch store.

ADJ-GRADED

4. inflate inflates inflating inflated
If someone inflates the amount or effect of something, they say it is bigger, better, or more important than it really is, usually so that they can profit from it.

- They inflated their clients' medical injuries and treatment to defraud insurance companies.

- Even his war record was fraudulently inflated.

VB

inflate

verb

expand

bloat

blow up

dilate

distend

enlarge

increase

puff up or out

pump up

swell

inflated

adjective

exaggerated

ostentatious

overblown

swollen

inflation

[D.J.:inˈfleiʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfleʃən]

n.

(充气而引起的)膨胀

通货膨胀

inflation ****

inflation
Inflation is a general increase in the prices of goods and services in a country.

- ...rising unemployment and high inflation.

- ...an inflation rate of only 2.2%.

N-UNCOUNT

inflation

noun

expansion

enlargement

escalation

extension

increase

rise

spread

swelling

inflationary

[D.J.:inˈfleiʃənəri]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfleʃəˌnɛri]

adj.

通货膨胀的,通货膨胀倾向的

inflationary *

inflationary
Inflationary means connected with inflation or causing inflation.

- The bank is worried about mounting inflationary pressures.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

inflect

[D.J.:ɪnˈflekt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈflɛkt]

vt.

变(音),转(调)

使(词)屈折变化

vi.

屈折变化

inflect

1. inflect
If a word inflects , its ending or form changes in order to show its grammatical function. If a language inflects , it has words in it that inflect.
VERB: V

2. inflected

- Kings, ministers, and Brahmans spoke Sanskrit, the most esteemed and highly inflected language.

- In all dictionaries to date we give the headword and all the inflected forms.

ADJ-GRADED

-inflected

1. -inflected
-inflected is used to form adjectives describing someone's voice or accent. (LITERARY)

- `Sergeant, I should like a word with you,' said the newcomer, in a pleasantly-inflected baritone.

COMB in ADJ

2. -inflected
-inflected is used to form adjectives describing the style of a piece of music or a performance. (JOURNALISM)

- ...his attacking, gospel-inflected vocal style.

COMB in ADJ

inflection

[D.J.:ɪnˈflekʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈflɛkʃən]

n.

变音, 转调

inflection

1. inflection inflections
An inflection in someone's voice is a change in its tone or pitch as they are speaking. (WRITTEN)

- The man's voice was devoid of inflection.

- `Seb?' he said, with a rising inflection.

N-VAR (BRIT) also inflexion

2. inflection inflections
In grammar, an inflection is a change in the form of a word that shows its grammatical function, for example a change that makes a noun plural or makes a verb into the past tense.
N-VAR (BRIT) also inflexion

inflexibility

n.

不屈性,顽固,不变性

inflexible

[D.J.:ɪnˈfleksəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈflɛksəbəl]

adj.

僵硬的, 不可弯曲的

不可动摇的, 坚定不移的

inflexible *

1. inflexible
Something that is inflexible cannot be altered in any way, even if the situation changes.

- Workers insisted the new system was too inflexible.

- Charles was a man of settled habits and inflexible routine.

ADJ-GRADED
= rigid ≠ flexible

2. inflexibility

- The snag about an endowment mortgage is its inflexibility.

N-UNCOUNT

3. inflexible
If you say that someone is inflexible , you are criticizing them because they refuse to change their mind or alter their way of doing things.

- His opponents viewed him as stubborn, dogmatic, and inflexible.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ flexible

4. inflexibility

- Joyce was irritated by the inflexibility of her colleagues.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

inflexibility

noun

obstinacy

intransigence

obduracy

inflexible

adjective

1.

obstinate

implacable

intractable

obdurate

resolute

set in one's ways

steadfast

stubborn

unbending

uncompromising

2.

inelastic

hard

rigid

stiff

taut

inflict

[D.J.:inˈflikt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈflɪkt]

vt.

把…强加给, 使承受, 遭受

infliction

[D.J.:ɪnˈflɪkʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈflɪkʃən]

n.

施加,蒙受;施加的事物;痛苦的经历

inflict **

1. inflict inflicts inflicting inflicted
To inflict harm or damage on someone or something means to make them suffer it.

- Rebels say they have inflicted heavy casualties on government forces.

- ...the damage being inflicted on Britain's industries by the recession...

- The dog then attacked her, inflicting serious injuries.

VB

2. infliction

- ...without the unnecessary or cruel infliction of pain.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

inflict

verb

impose

administer

apply

deliver

levy

mete or deal out

visit

wreak

infliction

noun

imposition

administration

perpetration

wreaking

in-flight

[D.J.:ˈinˈflait]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˈflaɪt]

adj.

在飞行中的

in-flight

in-flight
In-flight services are ones that are provided on board an aeroplane.

- ...in-flight entertainment on long-haul aircraft...

- The in-flight movie was Casablanca.

- ...an inflight magazine.

ADJ: ADJ n also inflight .

inflow

[D.J.:ˈɪnˌfləʊ]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌflo]

n.

流入

流入物, 流入量

inflow *

inflow inflows
If there is an inflow of money or people into a place, a large amount of money or people move into a place.

- The Swiss wanted to discourage an inflow of foreign money.

- ...the inflow of immigrants from Eastern Europe

N-COUNT: usu N of n
≠ outflow

influence

[D.J.:ˈinfluəns]

[K.K.:ˈɪnfluəns]

n.

影响; 感化力

势力, 权势

产生影响的人[事物]

vt.

影响, 感化

influencing

adj.

影响的

influence ****

1. influence
Influence is the power to make other people agree with your opinions or do what you want.

- As Hugh grew older, she had less influence and couldn't control him.

- I have rather a large influence over a good many people.

- He denies exerting any political influence over them.

- The government should continue to use its influence for the release of all hostages.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N over n

2. influence influences influencing influenced
If you influence someone, you use your power to make them agree with you or do what you want.

- He is trying to improperly influence a witness.

- The angry crowds could influence the government.

- My dad influenced me to do electronics.

VB
= manipulate persuade

3. influence influences
To have an influence on people or situations means to affect what they do or what happens.

- Van Gogh had a major influence on the development of modern painting.

- The Shropshire landscape was an influence on Owen too.

- Many other medications have an influence on cholesterol levels.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. influence influences influencing influenced
If someone or something influences a person or situation, they have an effect on that person's behaviour or that situation.

- We became the best of friends and he influenced me deeply.

- What you eat may influence your risk of getting cancer.

- They still influence what's played on the radio.

VB

5. influence influences
Someone or something that is a good or bad influence on people has a good or bad effect on them.

- I thought Sue would be a good influence on you.

- TV is a bad influence on people.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu adj N, oft N on n

6. influence
If you are under the influence of someone or something, you are being affected or controlled by them.

- I fell under the influence of a history master.

- The very earliest sculptures were made under the influence of Greek art.

- He was arrested on suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol.

PHR: PHR n, usu v-link PHR, PHR after v

7. influence
If someone is under the influence , their mind is affected by alcohol or drugs. (INFORMAL)

- Police charged the man with driving under the influence.

- We find members of the opposite sex more attractive when under the influence.

PHR: v-link PHR

influence

noun

1.

effect

authority

control

domination

magnetism

pressure

weight

2.

power

clout informal

hold

importance

leverage

prestige

pull informal

verb

3.

affect

control

direct

guide

manipulate

sway

influential

[D.J.:ˌɪnfluˈenʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl]

adj.

有影响的, 有权势的

influential **

influential
Someone or something that is influential has a lot of influence over people or events.

- It helps to have influential friends.

- ...the influential position of president of the chamber...

- He had been influential in shaping economic policy.

- ...one of the most influential books ever written.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ in -ing

influential

adjective

important

authoritative

instrumental

leading

potent

powerful

significant

telling

weighty

influenza

[D.J.:ˌɪnflu:ˈenzə]

[K.K.:ˌɪnfluˈɛnzə]

n.

<医>流行性感冒

influenza

influenza
Influenza is the same as flu . (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

influx

[D.J.:ˈɪnˌflʌks]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌflʌks]

n.

大量涌入

influx *

influx influxes
An influx of people or things into a place is their arrival there in large numbers.

- ...problems caused by the influx of refugees.

- ...the influx of American popcorn into the British market.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

influx

noun

arrival

incursion

inrush

inundation

invasion

rush

info

[D.J.:ˈinfəu]

[K.K.:ˈɪnfo]

n.

〈非正〉消息; 情报; 资料

info *

info
Info is information. (INFORMAL)

- For more info phone 414-3935.

N-UNCOUNT

infobahn

n.

信息高速公路

infobahn

infobahn
The infobahn means the same as the information superhighway .
N-SING: the N

infomercial

[D.J.:ˌinfəˈmə:ʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnfəˈmɚʃəl, -fo-]

n.

〈美〉专题广告片

infomercial

infomercial infomercials
An infomercial is a television programme in which a famous person gives information about a company's products or services, or a politician gives his or her opinions. The word is formed from `information' and `commercial'.

- New $750,000 infomercials, featuring artists like Cher, have recently hit the screens.

- Perot hoped to run another series of campaign infomercials.

N-COUNT

inform

[D.J.:inˈfɔ:m]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfɔrm]

vt.

告诉, 通知

vi.

检举, 告密

informed

[D.J.:ɪnˈfɔ:md]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfɔrmd]

adj.

消息灵通的;了解情况的

基于对情况的了解的;有根据的

informing

[inˈfɔ:miŋ]

adj.

提供情报的,增长见闻的,鼓舞的

inform ***

1. inform informs informing informed
If you inform someone of something, you tell them about it.

- They would inform him of any progress they had made.

- My daughter informed me that she was pregnant.

- `I just added a little soy sauce,' he informs us.

VB

2. inform informs informing informed
If someone informs on a person, they give information about the person to the police or another authority, which causes the person to be suspected or proved guilty of doing something bad.

- Somebody must have informed on us.

- Thousands of American citizens have informed on these organized crime syndicates.

VB

3. inform informs informing informed
If a situation or activity is informed by an idea or a quality, that idea or quality is very noticeable in it. (FORMAL)

- All great songs are informed by a certain sadness and tension.

- The concept of the Rose continued to inform the poet's work.

VB

informed *

1. informed
Someone who is informed knows about a subject or what is happening in the world.

- Informed people know the company is shaky.

- ...the importance of keeping the public properly informed.

ADJ-GRADED
See also well-informed .

2. informed
When journalists talk about informed sources, they mean people who are likely to give correct information because of their private or special knowledge.

- According to informed sources, those taken into custody include at least one major-general.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. informed
An informed guess or decision is one that likely to be good, because it is based on definite knowledge or information.

- An informed guess at his personal wealth was $1.25 billion.

- Science is now enabling us to make more informed choices about how we use common drugs.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

inform

verb

1.

tell

advise

communicate

enlighten

instruct

notify

teach

tip off

2.

incriminate

betray

blow the whistle on informal

denounce

grass Brit. slang

inculpate

shop slang chiefly Brit.

squeal slang

informed

adjective

knowledgeable

enlightened

erudite

expert

familiar

in the picture

learned

up to date

versed

well-read

informal

[D.J.:inˈfɔ:məl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfɔrməl]

adj.

非正式的

informality

[D.J.:ˌɪnfɔ:ˈmælɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌɪnfɔrˈmælɪti]

n.

非正式

不拘礼节

informally

[D.J.:ɪnˈf ɔ:məlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈf ɔm l..ɪ]

adv.

非正式地

不拘礼节地

通俗地

informal **

1. informal
Informal speech or behaviour is relaxed and friendly rather than serious, very correct, or official.

- She is refreshingly informal.

- His friend was less good-looking, but a lot more informal and relaxed.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
≠ formal

2. informally

- She was always there at half past eight, chatting informally to the children.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. informality

- He was overwhelmed by their cheerfulness and friendly informality.

N-UNCOUNT

4. informal
An informal situation is one which is relaxed and friendly and not very serious or official.

- I would like it to be an informal occasion.

- The house has an informal atmosphere.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ formal

5. informality

- Eleanor enjoyed the relative informality of island life.

N-UNCOUNT

6. informal
Informal clothes are casual and suitable for wearing when you are relaxing, but not on formal occasions.

- Most of the time Jenny needs informal clothes.

- For lunch, dress is informal.

ADJ-GRADED
= casual ≠ formal

7. informally

- Everyone dressed informally in shorts or faded jeans, and baggy sweatshirts.

ADV-GRADED

8. informal
You use informal to describe something that is done unofficially or casually without planning.

- The two leaders will retire to Camp David for informal discussions.

- ...an informal meeting of EC ministers...

- We had an informal party at a hotel, and people just flooded in.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

9. informally

- He began informally to handle Ted's tax affairs for him.

ADV

informal

adjective

relaxed

casual

colloquial

cosy

easy

familiar

natural

simple

unofficial

informality

noun

familiarity

casualness

ease

naturalness

relaxation

simplicity

informant

[D.J.:ɪnˈfɔ:mənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfɔrmənt]

n.

报告者,告密者

informant *

1. informant informants
An informant is someone who gives another person a piece of information. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. informant informants
An informant is the same as an informer .
N-COUNT

information

[D.J.:ˌɪnfəˈmeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən]

n.

消息; 资料; 情报

通知, 告知

information *****

1. information
Information about someone or something consists of facts about them.

- Pat refused to give her any information about Sarah.

- Each centre would provide information on technology and training.

- For further information contact the number below.

- ...an important piece of information...

- The information was passed on to another government department.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N about/on n

2. information
Information is a service which you can telephone to find out someone's telephone number. (AM; in BRIT use directory enquiries )
N-UNCOUNT

information

noun

facts

data

intelligence

knowledge

message

news

notice

report

informational

adj.

报告的,情报的

informational

informational
Informational means relating to information. (JOURNALISM)

- ...the informational needs of school-age children.

- ...informational television.

ADJ: ADJ n

information technology *

information technology
Information technology is the theory and practice of using computers to store and analyse information.

- ...the information technology industry.

N-UNCOUNT

informative

[D.J.:ɪnˈfɔ:mətɪv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfɔrmətɪv]

adj.

提供信息的

informatively

adv.

提供信息地

informative *

informative
Something that is informative gives you useful information.

- The adverts are not very informative.

- `Holidays That Don't Cost the Earth' is a lively, informative read.

ADJ-GRADED

informative

adjective

instructive

chatty

communicative

edifying

educational

enlightening

forthcoming

illuminating

revealing

informer

[D.J.:ɪnˈfɔ:mə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfɔrmɚ]

n.

间谍,情报人员

informer *

informer informers
An informer is a person who tells the police that someone has done something illegal.

- ...two men suspected of being police informers.

N-COUNT

informer

noun

betrayer

accuser

Judas

sneak

stool pigeon

infotainment

[D.J.:ˌinfəˈteinmənt]

[K.K.:ˌɪnfəˈtenmənt]

n.

信息娱乐片

infotainment

infotainment
Infotainment is used to refer to radio or television programmes that are intended both to entertain people and to give information. The word is formed from `information' and `entertainment'.
N-UNCOUNT

infrared

[D.J.:ˈinfrəˈred]

[K.K.:ˌɪnfrəˈrɛd]

adj.

〈物〉红外线的

infrared *

1. infrared
Infrared radiation is similar to light but has a longer wavelength, so we cannot see it without special equipment.
ADJ: ADJ n also infra-red .

2. infrared
Infrared equipment detects infrared radiation.

- ...searching with infra-red scanners for weapons and artillery.

ADJ: ADJ n also infra-red .

infrastructure

[D.J.:ˈinfrəˌstrʌktʃə]

[K.K.:ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃɚ]

n.

基础设施; 基础结构

infrastructure **

infrastructure infrastructures
The infrastructure of a country, society, or organization consists of the basic facilities such as transport, communications, power supplies, and buildings, which enable it to function.

- ...improvements in the country's infrastructure...

- The infrastructure, from hotels to transport, is old and decrepit.

N-VAR

infrequent

[D.J.:ɪnˈfri:kwənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfrikwənt]

adj.

很少的,不常的

infrequently

[D.J.:ɪnˈfri:k wəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfrik wəntlɪ]

adv.

稀少地;珍贵地

infrequent *

1. infrequent
If something is infrequent , it does not happen often.

- John Marvell was paying one of his infrequent visits to London.

ADJ-GRADED
= rare ≠ frequent

2. infrequently

- The bridge is used infrequently.

- ...schools which, not infrequently, were made up of 80 per cent or more of ethnic minorities.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV with cl/group

infrequent

adjective

occasional

few and far between

once in a blue moon

rare

sporadic

uncommon

unusual

infringe

[D.J.:ɪnˈfrɪndʒ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfrɪndʒ]

vt. & vi.

违反(规章等)

侵犯(某人的权利)

infringe on sth

侵犯，侵害(某人的自由、权益等)

infringe *

1. infringe infringes infringing infringed
If someone infringes a law or a rule, they break it or do something which disobeys it.

- The film exploited his image and infringed his copyright.

- The jury ruled that he had infringed no rules.

VB

2. infringe infringes infringing infringed
If something infringes people's rights, it interferes with these rights and does not allow people the freedom they are entitled to.

- They rob us, they infringe our rights, they kill us.

- It's starting to infringe on our personal liberties.

VB

infringe

verb

break

contravene

disobey

transgress

violate

infringement

[D.J.:ɪnˈfrɪndʒmənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfrɪndʒmənt]

n.

违反

侵犯,伤害

infringement *

1. infringement infringements
An infringement is an action or situation that interferes with your rights and the freedom you are entitled to.

- ...infringement of privacy...

- They see it as an infringement on their own freedom of action.

N-VAR: usu N of/on n

2. infringement infringements
An infringement of a law or rule is the act of breaking it or disobeying it.

- There might have been an infringement of the rules.

- Infringement of the regulation is punishable by a fine.

N-VAR: usu N of n

infringement

noun

contravention

breach

infraction

transgression

trespass

violation

infuriate

[D.J.:ɪnˈfjʊəri:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfjʊriˌet]

vt.

使大怒;激怒

infuriating

[D.J.:ɪnˈfjʊərɪeɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfjʊrɪˌetɪŋ]

adj.

使人十分生气的,令人大怒的

infuriate *

1. infuriate infuriates infuriating infuriated
If something or someone infuriates you, they make you extremely angry.

- Jimmy's presence had infuriated Hugh.

- The champion was infuriated by the decision.

- It infuriates us to have to deal with this particular mayor.

VB
= enrage

2. infuriated

- He knew me well enough to realize how infuriated such a conversation would make me.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

infuriating *

1. infuriating
Something that is infuriating annoys you very much.

- I was in the middle of typing when Robert rang. It was infuriating!.

- Steve accelerated with infuriating slowness.

ADJ-GRADED
= maddening

2. infuriatingly

- This book is infuriatingly repetitious.

- `It seems obvious to me,' she said infuriatingly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj, also ADV with v

infuriate

verb

enrage

anger

exasperate

incense

irritate

madden

provoke

rile

infuriating

adjective

annoying

exasperating

galling

irritating

maddening

mortifying

provoking

vexatious

infuse

[D.J.:ɪnˈfjoəʊz]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfjooz]

vt.

灌输,加入(一种特性)

vt. & vi.

沏(茶),泡(草药)

infuse A into B;infuse B with A

把(某种素质)注入…；在…中注入(某种素质)

infuse *

1. infuse infuses infusing infused
To infuse a quality into someone or something, or to infuse them with a quality, means to fill them with it. (FORMAL)

- Many of the girls seemed to be infused with excitement on seeing the snow.

- He argued that a union would infuse unnecessary conflict into the company's employee relations.

VB

2. infuse infuses infusing infused
If a quality infuses something, every part of that thing has that quality. (LITERARY)

- A strange spirit infused the place.

VB

3. infuse infuses infusing infused
If you infuse things such as tea leaves or herbs, or allow them to infuse , you put them in hot water for some time so that the water absorbs their flavour. You can also infuse things in other liquids.

- ...teas made by infusing the roots of herbs...

- Herbalists infuse the flowers in oil.

- Leave the tea to infuse.

V-ERG

infusion

[D.J.:ɪnˈfju:ʒən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈfjuʒən]

n.

沏或泡成的浸液(如茶等)

注入,注入物

infusion *

1. infusion infusions
If there is an infusion of one thing into another, the first thing is added to the other thing and makes it stronger or better. (FORMAL)

- He brought a tremendous infusion of hope to the people.

- ...a series of capital infusions.

N-VAR: usu N of n

2. infusion infusions
An infusion is a liquid made by leaving herbs in hot water until the flavour is strong.

- ...a herbal infusion...

- This remedy contains infusions of five flowers.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, also by N

-ing

1. -ing
-ing is added to verbs to form present participles. Present participles are used with auxiliary verbs to make continuous tenses. They are also used like adjectives, describing a person or thing as doing something.

- He was walking along the street.

- Children sit round small tables, talking to each other.

- It was worth it to see all those smiling faces.

SUFFIX

2. -ing
-ing is added to verbs to form uncount nouns referring to activities.

- Gardening is very popular in Britain.

- This campaign is one of the most successful in the history of advertising.

SUFFIX

ingenious

[D.J.:inˈdʒi:njəs]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdʒinjəs]

adj.

灵巧的, 善于创造发明的

设计独特的, 制作精巧的

ingeniously

adv.

有才能地,贤明地

ingenious *

1. ingenious
Something that is ingenious is very clever and involves new ideas, methods, or equipment.

- ...a truly ingenious invention...

- Gautier's solution to the puzzle is ingenious.

ADJ-GRADED

2. ingeniously

- The roof has been ingeniously designed to provide solar heating.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

ingenious

adjective

creative

bright

brilliant

clever

crafty

inventive

original

resourceful

shrewd

ingenue

[ænʒeiˈnju:]

n.

天真无邪的少女,阅历不深的人

ingenue

ingenue ingenues
An ingenue is a young, innocent girl in a play or film, or an actress who plays the part of young, innocent girls. (FORMAL)

- She's not really interested in any more ingenue roles.

N-COUNT: usu sing also ing´enue .

ingenuity

[D.J.:ˌɪndʒiˈnjuiti]

[K.K.:ˌɪndʒəˈnuɪti, -ˈnju-]

n.

足智多谋, 心灵手巧

ingenuity *

ingenuity
Ingenuity is skill at working out how to achieve things or skill at inventing new things.

- Inspecting the nest can be difficult and may require some ingenuity.

N-UNCOUNT

ingenuity

noun

originality

cleverness

flair

genius

gift

inventiveness

resourcefulness

sharpness

shrewdness

ingenuous

[D.J.:ɪnˈdʒenju:əs]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdʒɛnjuəs]

adj.

天真无邪的,朴实的

坦率的

ingenuously

adv.

ingenuously

adv.

率直地,正直地

ingenuous

1. ingenuous
If you describe someone as ingenuous , you mean that they are innocent, trusting, and honest. (FORMAL)

- He seemed too ingenuous for a reporter.

- With ingenuous sincerity, he captivated his audience.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ disingenuous

2. ingenuously

- Somewhat ingenuously, he explains how the crime may be accomplished.

- He smiled, eyes ingenuously wide.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

ingenuous

adjective

naive

artless

guileless

honest

innocent

open

plain

simple

sincere

trusting

unsophisticated

ingest

[D.J.:ɪnˈdʒest]

vt.

<正>吃;吞下

获取(某事物)

ingestion

[inˈdʒestʃən]

n.

摄取

ingest *

1. ingest ingests ingesting ingested
When animals or plants ingest a substance, they take it into themselves, for example by eating or absorbing it. (TECHNICAL)

- When we ingest a mineral it must be combined with an amino acid to be absorbed.

- The spores can also be ingested through open wounds.

VB

2. ingestion

- Every ingestion of food can affect our mood or thinking processes.

N-UNCOUNT

inglorious

[D.J.:inˈɡlɔ:riəs]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɡlɔriəs, -ˈɡlor-]

adj.

不名誉的,不体面的,可耻的

ingloriously

adv.

不名誉地

inglorious

1. inglorious
If you describe something as inglorious , you mean that it is something to be ashamed of.

- He wouldn't have accepted such an inglorious outcome.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. ingloriously

- If fighting worsens, the troops might be reinforced, or ingloriously withdrawn.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

inglorious

adjective

dishonourable

discreditable

disgraceful

disreputable

ignoble

ignominious

infamous

shameful

unheroic

ingot

[D.J.:ˈɪŋgət]

[K.K.:ˈɪŋɡət]

n.

(常为砖形的)铸块,锭

ingot

ingot ingots
An ingot is a lump of metal, usually shaped like a brick.

- ...gold ingots.

N-COUNT: oft n N

ingrained

[D.J.:ɪnˈgreɪnd]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɡrend]

adj.

(指习惯、字迹等)牢固的, 极难除掉的

ingrained *

ingrained
Ingrained habits and beliefs are difficult to change or remove.

- Morals tend to be deeply ingrained.

- From ingrained habit he paused to straighten up the bed.

ADJ-GRADED

ingratiate

[D.J.:ɪnˈgreɪʃi:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɡreʃiˌet]

vt.

讨好,谄媚

ingratiating

[D.J.:ɪnˈgreɪʃi:ˌeɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɡreʃiˌetɪŋ]

adj.

迎合的;讨好的;奉承的

ingratiatingly

adv.

ingratiate

ingratiate ingratiates ingratiating ingratiated
If someone tries to ingratiate themselves with you, they do things to try and make you like them.

- Many politicians are trying to ingratiate themselves with her.

VB disapproval

ingratiating

ingratiating
If you describe someone or their behaviour as ingratiating , you mean that they try to make people like them.

- He said this with an ingratiating smile at John.

- His fellow students had found him too ingratiating.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

ingratiate

verb

pander to

crawl

curry favour

fawn

flatter

grovel

insinuate oneself

toady

ingratiating

adjective

sycophantic

crawling

fawning

flattering

humble

obsequious

servile

toadying

unctuous

ingratitude

[D.J.:ɪnˈgrætɪˌtu:d, -ˌtju:d]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɡrætɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

忘恩负义

ingratitude

ingratitude
Ingratitude is lack of gratitude for something that has been done for you.

- The Government could expect only ingratitude from the electorate.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ gratitude

ingratitude

noun

ungratefulness

thanklessness

ingredient

[D.J.:inˈɡri:djənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɡridiənt]

n.

(混合物的)组成部分; 配料

ingredient ***

1. ingredient ingredients
Ingredients are the things that are used to make something, especially all the different foods you use when you are cooking a particular dish.

- Mix in the remaining ingredients.

N-COUNT

2. ingredient ingredients
An ingredient of a situation is one of the essential parts of it.

- The meeting had all the ingredients of high political drama.

- I think that is one of the major ingredients in his success.

N-COUNT: oft N of/in n

ingredient

noun

component

constituent

element

part

ingrown

[D.J.:ˈinɡrəun]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌɡron]

adj.

向内生长的

ingrown

ingrown
An ingrown toenail, or in British English an ingrowing toenail, is one which is growing into your toe, often causing you pain.
ADJ

inhabit

[D.J.:inˈhæbit]

[K.K.:ɪnˈhæbɪt]

vt.

居住于, 栖居于

inhabited

[D.J.:inˈhæbitid]

[K.K.:ɪnˈhæbɪtɪd]

adj.

有人居住的

inhabit **

inhabit inhabits inhabiting inhabited
If a place or region is inhabited by a group of people or a species of animal, those people or animals live there.

- The valley is inhabited by the Dani tribe.

- ...the people who inhabit these islands.

- ...the beautifully coloured fish that inhabit the Egyptian reefs.

- ...a land primarily inhabited by nomads.

VB

inhabit

verb

live

abide

dwell

occupy

populate

reside

inhabited

adjective

populated

colonized

developed

occupied

peopled

settled

tenanted

inhabitant

[D.J.:inˈhæbitənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈhæbɪtənt]

n.

居民, 住户; (栖息在某地区的)动物

inhabitant **

inhabitant inhabitants
The inhabitants of a place are the people who live there.

- ...the inhabitants of Glasgow.

N-COUNT: usu pl

inhabitant

noun

dweller

citizen

denizen

inmate

native

occupant

occupier

resident

tenant

inhalation

[D.J.:ˌɪnhəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnhəˈleʃən]

n.

吸入

吸入剂;吸入物

inhalation

1. inhalation inhalations
Inhalation is the process or act of breathing in, taking air and sometimes other substances into your lungs. (FORMAL)

- ...a complete cycle of inhalation and exhalation...

- Passengers suffering from smoke inhalation have been taken to hospital.

- Accidental inhalation of the powder can be harmful.

- Take several deep inhalations.

N-VAR
≠ exhalation

2. inhalation inhalations
An inhalation is a treatment for colds and other illnesses in which you dissolve substances in hot water and breathe in the vapour.

- Inhalations can soothe and control the cough.

- Inhalations of menthol may do the trick.

N-COUNT

inhale

[D.J.:inˈheil]

[K.K.:ɪnˈhel]

vt. & vi.

吸入

inhale *

inhale inhales inhaling inhaled
When you inhale , you breathe in. When you inhale something such as smoke, you take it into your lungs when you breathe in.

- He took a long slow breath, inhaling deeply.

- He was treated for the effects of inhaling smoke.

VB
≠ exhale

inhale

verb

breathe in

draw in

gasp

respire

suck in

inhaler

[D.J.:inˈheilə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈhelɚ]

n.

吸入器

inhaler

inhaler inhalers
An inhaler is a small device that helps you to breathe more easily if you have asthma or a bad cold. You put it in your mouth and breathe in deeply, and it sends a small amount of a drug into your lungs.
N-COUNT

inherent

[D.J.:inˈhiərənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈhɪrənt, -ˈhɛr-]

adj.

固有的; 内在的

inherently

[inˈhiərəntli]

adv.

天性地,固有地

inherent **

1. inherent
The inherent qualities of something are the necessary and natural parts of it.

- Stress is an inherent part of dieting.

- ...the dangers inherent in an outbreak of war.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= intrinsic

2. inherently

- Aeroplanes are not inherently dangerous.

- War is inherently a dirty business.

ADV: usu ADV adj
= intrinsically

inherent

adjective

innate

essential

hereditary

inborn

inbred

inbuilt

ingrained

inherited

intrinsic

native

natural

inherit

[D.J.:inˈherit]

[K.K.:ɪnˈhɛrɪt]

vt. & vi.

继承

inherited

[D.J.:ɪnˈherɪtɪd]

[K.K.: ɪnˈhɛrɪtɪd]

adj.

通过继承得到的,遗传的

继承权的

inherit **

1. inherit inherits inheriting inherited
If you inherit money or property, you receive it from someone who has died.

- He has no son to inherit his land.

- ...paintings that he inherited from his father.

- ...people with inherited wealth.

VB

2. inherit inherits inheriting inherited
If you inherit something such as a task, problem, or attitude, you get it from the people who used to have it, for example because you have taken over their job or been influenced by them.

- The Endara government inherited an impossibly difficult situation from its predecessors.

- Our legal system inherited laws from the English system.

- ...the inherited wisdoms contained in its social hierarchy.

VB

3. inherit inherits inheriting inherited
If you inherit a characteristic or quality, you are born with it, because your parents or ancestors also had it.

- We inherit from our parents many of our physical characteristics.

- Her children have inherited her love of sport.

- Stammering is probably an inherited defect.

VB

inherit

verb

be left

come into

fall heir to

succeed to

inheritance

[D.J.:ɪnˈherɪtəns]

[K.K.:ɪnˈhɛrɪtəns]

n.

继承物, 遗产

inheritance *

1. inheritance inheritances
An inheritance is money or property which you receive from someone who has died.

- She feared losing her inheritance to her stepmother.

N-VAR

2. inheritance inheritances
If you get something such as job, problem, or attitude from someone who used to have it, you can refer to this as an inheritance .

- ...starvation and disease over much of Europe and Asia, which was Truman's inheritance as President.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp, oft with poss
= heritage

3. inheritance
Your inheritance is the particular characteristics or qualities which your family or ancestors had and which you are born with.

- Eye colour shows more than your genetic inheritance, however.

N-SING: also no det, with supp

inheritance

noun

legacy

bequest

birthright

heritage

patrimony

inheritance tax

inheritance tax inheritance taxes
An inheritance tax is a tax which has to be paid on the money and property of someone who has died.
N-COUNT

inheritor

[inˈheritə]

n.

继承人,后继者

inheritor

1. inheritor inheritors
The inheritors of something such as a tradition are the people who live or arrive after it has been established and are able to benefit from it.

- ...the proud inheritors of the Prussian military tradition.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu N of n
= heir

2. inheritor inheritors
An inheritor is someone who inherits money or property from someone who has died. (LEGAL)

- Two-thirds of inheritors promptly sold the houses they were left.

N-COUNT
= heir

inhibit

[D.J.:inˈhibit]

[K.K.:ɪnˈhɪbɪt]

vt.

阻止; 抑制

inhibited

[D.J.:ɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd]

adj.

拘谨的；压抑的；不自在的

inhibiting

[inˈhibitiŋ]

adj.

抑制作用的,约束的

inhibit *

1. inhibit inhibits inhibiting inhibited
If something inhibits an event or process, it prevents it or slows it down.

- Wine or sugary drinks inhibit digestion.

- The high cost of borrowing is inhibiting investment by industry in new equipment.

VB

2. inhibit inhibits inhibiting inhibited
To inhibit someone from doing something means to prevent them from doing it, although they want to do it or should be able to do it.

- It could end up inhibiting the poor from getting the medical care they need.

- Officers will be inhibited from doing their duty.

VB

inhibited *

inhibited
If you say that someone is inhibited , you mean they find it difficult to behave naturally and show their feelings, and that you think this is a bad thing.

- Men are more inhibited about touching each other than women.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n/-ing disapproval

inhibit

verb

restrain

check

constrain

curb

discourage

frustrate

hinder

hold back or in

impede

obstruct

inhibited

adjective

shy

constrained

guarded

repressed

reserved

reticent

self-conscious

subdued

inhibition

[D.J.:ˌɪnhəˈbɪʃən, ˌɪnə-]

[K.K.:ˌɪnhəˈbɪʃən, ˌɪnə-]

n.

抑制;顾虑

抑制力

inhibition *

inhibition inhibitions
Inhibitions are feelings of fear or embarrassment that make it difficult for you to behave naturally.

- The whole point about dancing is to stop thinking and lose all your inhibitions.

- They behave with a total lack of inhibition.

N-VAR

inhibition

noun

shyness

block

hang-up informal

reserve

restraint

reticence

self-consciousness

inhospitable

[D.J.:ɪnˈhɔspɪtəbəl, ˌɪnhɔˈspɪtəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈhɑspɪtəbəl, ˌɪnhɑˈspɪtəbəl]

adj.

不好客的,不友好的

不适于居住的

inhospitable

1. inhospitable
An inhospitable place is unpleasant to live in.

- ...the earth's most inhospitable regions.

- ...the island's inhospitable climate.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ hospitable

2. inhospitable
If someone is inhospitable , they do not make people welcome when they visit.
ADJ-GRADED
≠ hospitable

inhospitable

adjective

1.

unwelcoming

cool

uncongenial

unfriendly

unreceptive

unsociable

xenophobic

2.

bleak

barren

desolate

forbidding

godforsaken

hostile

inhuman

[D.J.:ɪnˈhju:mən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈhjumən]

adj.

无人性的；冷漠的

inhuman *

1. inhuman
If you describe treatment or an action as inhuman , you mean that it is extremely cruel.

- The detainees are often held in cruel and inhuman conditions.

- The barbaric slaughter of whales is unnecessary and inhuman.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. inhuman
If you describe someone or something as inhuman , you mean that they are strange or bad because they do not seem human in some way.

- ...those inhuman shrieks that rent the air and chilled my heart.

ADJ-GRADED

inhuman

adjective

cruel

barbaric

brutal

cold-blooded

heartless

merciless

pitiless

ruthless

savage

unfeeling

inhumane

[D.J.:ˌɪnhju:ˈmeɪn]

[K.K.:ˌɪnhjuˈmen]

adj.

不仁慈的, 无人道的, 冷酷无情的

inhumane

inhumane
If you describe something as inhumane , you mean that it is extremely cruel.

- He was kept under inhumane conditions.

- He got his first insight into how inhumane employers can be.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ humane

inhumane

adjective

cruel

brutal

heartless

pitiless

unfeeling

unkind

unsympathetic

inhumanity

[D.J.:ˌɪnhju:ˈmænɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌɪnhjuˈmænɪti]

n.

残忍;暴虐;残酷无情的行为

inhumanity

inhumanity
You can describe extremely cruel actions as inhumanity .

- ...the inhumanity of war.

- ...man's inhumanity to man.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, oft N of n

inhumanity

noun

cruelty

atrocity

barbarism

brutality

heartlessness

pitilessness

ruthlessness

unkindness

inimical

[D.J.:ɪˈnɪmɪkəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈnɪmɪkəl]

adj.

敌意的,不友好的

有害的；抵触的; 不利的

inimical

inimical
Conditions that are inimical to something make it difficult for that thing to exist or do well. (FORMAL)

- ...a false morality that is inimical to human happiness.

- ...goals inimical to Western interests.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to n

inimical

adjective

hostile

adverse

antagonistic

ill-disposed

opposed

unfavourable

unfriendly

unwelcoming

inimitable

[D.J.:ɪˈnɪmɪtəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈnɪmɪtəbəl]

adj.

不可仿效的

inimitable

inimitable
You use inimitable to describe someone, especially a performer, when you like or admire them because of their special qualities. (FORMAL)

- The major box office attraction was, of course, the inimitable Peter Hunningale.

- He makes his own point in his own inimitable way.

ADJ: usu ADJ n approval
= unique

inimitable

adjective

unique

consummate

incomparable

matchless

peerless

unparalleled

unrivalled

iniquitous

[D.J.:ɪˈnɪkwɪtəs]

[K.K.:ɪˈnɪkwɪtəs]

adj.

<正>极邪恶的；极不公正的

(指价格、费用等)不公道的，高得出奇的

iniquity

[D.J.:ɪˈnɪkwɪti:]

[K.K.:ɪˈnɪkwɪti]

n.

邪恶

极不公正

iniquitous

adj.

iniquitous

iniquitous
If you describe something as iniquitous , you mean that it is very unfair or morally bad. (FORMAL)

- ...an iniquitous fine.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= wicked

iniquitous

adjective

wicked

criminal

evil

immoral

reprehensible

sinful

unjust

iniquity

iniquity iniquities
You can refer to wicked actions or very unfair situations as iniquity . (FORMAL)

- He rails against the iniquities of capitalism.

- A disco isn't exactly a den of iniquity.

N-VAR

iniquity

noun

wickedness

abomination

evil

injustice

sin

wrong

initial

[D.J.:iˈniʃəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈnɪʃəl]

adj.

最初的, 开头的

initial ***

1. initial
You use initial to describe something that happens at the beginning of a process.

- The initial reaction has been excellent.

- The aim of this initial meeting is to clarify the issues.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) initialing , initialed

2. initial initials
Initials are the capital letters which begin each word of a name. For example, if your full name is Michael Dennis Stocks, your initials will be M.D.S.

- ...a silver Porsche car with her initials JB on the side.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft poss N (AM) initialing , initialed

3. initial initials initialling initialled
If someone initials an official document, they write their initials on it, for example to show that they have seen it or that they accept or agree with it.

- Would you mind initialing this voucher?.

- The agreement was initialled in June.

VB (AM) initialing , initialed

initial

adjective

first

beginning

incipient

introductory

opening

primary

initially

[D.J.:ɪˈnɪʃɵlɪ]

adv.

开始,最初

initially ***

initially
Initially means soon after the beginning of a process or situation, rather than in the middle or at the end of it.

- Forecasters say the gales may not be as bad as they initially predicted.

- Initially, they were wary of Simon.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV with cl/group
= originally

initially

adverb

at first

at or in the beginning

first

firstly

originally

primarily

initiate

[D.J.:iˈniʃieit]

[K.K.:ɪˈnɪʃiˌet]

vt.

开始, 着手

传授; 使初步了解

接纳新成员, 让…加入

initiating

开始

initiate **

1. initiate initiates initiating initiated
If you initiate something, you start it or cause it to happen.

- They wanted to initiate a discussion on economics.

- The trip was initiated by the manager of the community centre.

VB

2. initiate initiates initiating initiated
If you initiate someone into something, you introduce them to a particular skill or type of knowledge and teach them about it.

- He initiated her into the study of other cultures.

VB

3. initiate initiates initiating initiated
If someone is initiated into something such as a religion, secret society, or social group, they become a member of it by taking part in ceremonies at which they learn its special knowledge or customs.

- In many societies, young people are formally initiated into their adult roles.

- ...the lengthy ceremony that initiated Golden Dawn members into the Second Order.

VB

4. initiate initiates
An initiate is a person who has been accepted as a member by a particular group or club and been taught its secrets and skills.

- Chen was an initiate of a Chinese spiritual discipline.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

initiate

verb

1.

begin

commence

get under way

kick off informal

launch

open

originate

set in motion

start

2.

induct

indoctrinate

introduce

invest

3.

instruct

acquaint with

coach

familiarize with

teach

train

noun

4.

novice

beginner

convert

entrant

learner

member

probationer

initiation

[D.J.:ɪˌnɪʃi:ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˌnɪʃiˈeʃən]

n.

开始,创始;开始实施

入会,加入;入会仪式

传授,启蒙,入门

initiation *

1. initiation
The initiation of something is the starting of it.

- They announced the initiation of a rural development programme.

- There was a year between initiation and completion.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n

2. initiation initiations
Someone's initiation into a particular group is the act or process by which they officially become a member, often involving special ceremonies.

- After initiation, the youths started to interact with the older members.

- This was my initiation into the peace movement.

- ...initiation ceremonies.

N-VAR: oft N into n, N n

initiation

noun

introduction

debut

enrolment

entrance

inauguration

induction

installation

investiture

initiative

[D.J.:iˈniʃiətiv]

[K.K.:ɪˈnɪʃətɪv]

n.

主动性, 首创精神

主动的行动, 倡议

主动权

initiative ***

1. initiative initiatives
An initiative is an important act or statement that is intended to solve a problem.

- Government initiatives to help young people have been inadequate.

- There's talk of a new peace initiative.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N to-inf

2. initiative
In a fight or contest, if you have the initiative , you are in a better position than your opponents to decide what to do next.

- We have the initiative; we intend to keep it.

- He paused enough to consider the options but never so long as to lose the initiative.

N-SING: the N

3. initiative
If you have initiative , you have the ability to decide what to do next and to do it, without needing other people to tell you what to do.

- She was disappointed by his lack of initiative.

- ...workers who are able to sort out problems on their own initiative.

N-UNCOUNT

4. initiative
If you take the initiative in a situation, you are the first person to act, and are therefore able to control the situation.

- We are the only power willing to take the initiative in the long struggle to end the war.

- She knew she had to take the initiative and maintain an aggressive game throughout.

PHR: V inflects

initiative

noun

1.

first step

advantage

first move

lead

2.

resourcefulness

ambition

drive

dynamism

enterprise

get-up-and-go informal

leadership

initiator

[iˈniʃieitə]

n.

创始人,发起人,传授者,教导者

initiator

initiator initiators
The initiator of a plan or process is the person who was responsible for thinking of it or starting it.

- ...one of the major initiators of the tumultuous changes in Eastern Europe.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

inject

[D.J.:inˈdʒekt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdʒɛkt]

vt.

注射, 注入

inject **

1. inject injects injecting injected
To inject someone with a substance such as a medicine means to put it into their body using a device with a needle called a syringe.

- His son was injected with strong drugs.

- The technique consists of injecting healthy cells into the weakened muscles.

- He needs to inject himself once a month.

VB

2. inject injects injecting injected
If you inject a new, exciting, or interesting quality into a situation, you add it.

- She kept trying to inject a little fun into their relationship.

- The result might inject more sense into future bargaining.

VB

3. inject injects injecting injected
If you inject money or resources into a business or organization, you provide more money or resources for it.

- He has injected £5.6 billion into the health service.

VB

inject

verb

1.

vaccinate

inoculate

2.

introduce

bring in

infuse

insert

instil

injection

[D.J.:inˈdʒekʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdʒɛkʃən]

n.

注射, 注入

injection **

1. injection injections
If you have an injection , a doctor or nurse puts a medicine into your body using a device with a needle called a syringe.

- They gave me an injection to help me sleep.

- It has to be given by injection, usually twice daily.

N-COUNT: also by N

2. injection injections
An injection of money or resources into an organization is the act of providing it with more more money or resources, to help it become more efficient or profitable.

- An injection of cash is needed to fund some of these projects.

- The company is hoping to obtain a £250 million cash injection from the government.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

injection

noun

1.

vaccination

inoculation

jab informal

shot informal

2.

introduction

dose

infusion

insertion

injudicious

[D.J.:ˌindʒu:ˈdiʃəs]

[K.K.:ˌɪndʒuˈdɪʃəs]

adj.

判断不当的,不聪明的,浅薄的

injudicious

injudicious
If you describe a person or something that they have done as injudicious , you are critical of them because they have shown very poor judgement. (FORMAL)

- He blamed injudicious comments by bankers for last week's devaluation.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= ill-advised

injudicious

adjective

unwise

foolish

ill-advised

ill-judged

impolitic

imprudent

incautious

inexpedient

rash

unthinking

injunction

[D.J.:ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃən]

n.

命令;强制令;禁止令

injunction *

1. injunction injunctions
An injunction is a court order, usually one telling someone not to do something. (LEGAL)

- He took out a court injunction against the newspaper demanding the return of the document.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. injunction injunctions
An injunction to do something is an order or strong request to do it. (FORMAL)

- We hear endless injunctions to managers to build commitment and a sense of community among their staff.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N to n to-inf

injunction

noun

order

command

exhortation

instruction

mandate

precept

ruling

injure

[D.J.:ˈindʒə]

[K.K.:ˈɪndʒɚ]

vt.

伤害, 损害

injured

[D.J.:ˈɪndʒə]

adj.

受伤的;受损害的

injure *

injure injures injuring injured
If you injure a person or animal, you damage some part of their body.

- A number of bombs have exploded, seriously injuring at least five people.

- Several policemen were injured in the clashes.

- ...stiff penalties for motorists who kill, maim, and injure.

VB

injured ***

1. injured
An injured person or animal has physical damage to part of their body, usually as a result of an accident or fighting.

- The other injured man had a superficial stomach wound.

- Many of them will have died because they were so badly injured.

ADJ-GRADED
= wounded

2. injured
The injured are people who are injured.

- Army helicopters tried to evacuate the injured.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. injured
If you have injured feelings, you feel upset because you believe someone has been unfair or unkind to you.

- ...a look of injured pride.

- ...compensation for injured feelings.

ADJ-GRADED
= hurt

injure

verb

hurt

damage

harm

impair

ruin

spoil

undermine

wound

injured

adjective

hurt

broken

damaged

disabled

undermined

weakened

wounded

injured party

injured party injured parties
The injured party in a court case or dispute about unfair treatment is the person who says they were unfairly treated. (LEGAL)

- The injured party got some compensation.

N-COUNT: usu the N
= victim

injurious

[D.J.:ɪnˈdʒʊəri:əs]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdʒʊriəs]

adj.

伤害的

中伤的

不公正的

injurious

injurious
Something that is injurious to someone or to their health or reputation is harmful or damaging to them. (FORMAL)

- His continuance in the office of prime minister was `injurious to the health of the nation'.

- Stress in itself is not necessarily injurious.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
= damaging detrimental

injury

[D.J.:ˈindʒəri]

[K.K.:ˈɪndʒəri]

n.

伤害, 损害

受伤处

injury ****

1. injury injuries
An injury is damage done to a person's or an animal's body.

- Four police officers sustained serious injuries in the explosion.

- The two other passengers escaped serious injury.

N-VAR

2. injury injuries
If someone suffers injury to their feelings, they are badly upset by something. If they suffer injury to their reputation, their reputation is seriously harmed. (LEGAL)

- She was awarded £3,500 for injury to her feelings.

N-VAR: oft N to n

injury

noun

harm

damage

detriment

disservice

hurt

ill

trauma Pathology

wound

wrong

injury time

injury time
Injury time is the period of time added to the end of a football or soccer game because play was stopped during the match when players were injured. (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

injustice

[D.J.:ɪnˈdʒʌstɪs]

[K.K.:ɪnˈdʒʌstɪs]

n.

不公平;非正义

do yourself/sb an injustice

待…不公正；冤枉

injustice **

1. injustice injustices
Injustice is a lack of fairness in a situation.

- They'll continue to fight injustice.

- They resented the injustices of the system.

N-VAR

2. injustice
If you say that someone has done you an injustice , you mean that they have been unfair in the way that they have judged you or treated you.

- Calling them a bunch of capricious kids with half-formed ideas does them an injustice.

PHR: V inflects

injustice

noun

unfairness

bias

discrimination

inequality

inequity

iniquity

oppression

partisanship

prejudice

wrong

ink

[D.J.:iŋk]

[K.K.:ɪŋk]

n.

墨水, 油墨

inked

墨水涂染

inking

[ˈiŋkiŋ]

n.

墨迹作图

ink **

1. ink inks
Ink is the coloured liquid used for writing or printing.

- The letter was handwritten in black ink.

N-MASS

2. ink inks inking inked
If you ink something, you put ink on it.

- Ritter took his left hand and inked the fingertips.

VB

inkling

[D.J.:ˈɪŋklɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɪŋklɪŋ]

n.

想法;暗示;迹象

inkling

inkling inklings
If you have an inkling of something, you have a vague idea about it.

- I had no inkling of his real purpose until much later.

- We had an inkling that something might be happening.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n/wh, N that/wh
= suspicion

inkling

noun

suspicion

clue

conception

hint

idea

indication

intimation

notion

suggestion

whisper

inkwell

[D.J.:ˈinkwel]

[K.K.:ˈɪŋkˌwɛl]

n.

墨水池

inkwell

inkwell inkwells
An inkwell is a container for ink on a desk.
N-COUNT

inky

[D.J.:ˈɪŋkɪ]

adj.

墨黑的;漆黑的

沾有墨水的;被墨水弄脏的

inky

1. inky
Inky means black or very dark blue. (LITERARY)

- The moon was rising in the inky sky.

- ...the inky black of night.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. inky
Also a combining form.

- ...looking out over an inky blue ocean.

COMB in COLOUR

3. inky
If something is inky , it is covered in ink.

- We learned to write really well, in spite of inky fingers and occasional blots.

ADJ

inlaid

[D.J.:ˈɪnˌleɪd]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌled]

adj.

镶嵌的

inlaid

inlaid
An object that is inlaid has a design on it which is made by putting materials such as wood, gold, or silver into the surface of the object.

- ...a box delicately inlaid with little triangles.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n

inland

[D.J.:ˈinlənd]

[K.K.:ˈɪnlənd]

adj.

内地的, 内陆的

adv.

向内地, 在内陆

inland **

1. inland
If something is situated inland , it is away from the coast, towards or near the middle of a country. If you go inland , you go away from the coast, towards the middle of a country.

- The vast majority live further inland.

- It's about 15 minutes' drive inland from Cannes.

- The car turned away from the coast and headed inland.

ADV: be ADV, ADV after v, oft amount ADV

2. inland
Inland areas, lakes, and places are not on the coast, but in or near the middle of a country.

- ...a rather quiet inland town.

ADJ: ADJ n

inland

adjective

interior

domestic

internal

upcountry

Inland Revenue *

Inland Revenue
In Britain, the Inland Revenue is the government authority which collects income tax and some other taxes.
N-PROPER

Inland Revenue Service

Inland Revenue Service
In the United States, the Inland Revenue Service is the government authority which collects taxes. The abbreviation IRS is often used.
N-PROPER: the N

in-laws

[ˈinlɔ:z]

n.

〈口〉姻亲

in-laws *

in-laws
Your in-laws are the parents and close relatives of your husband or wife.
N-PLURAL: usu poss N

inlay

[D.J.:ɪnˈleɪ]

vi.

把…嵌入,把…镶入

镶饰(物品)

[D.J.:ˈɪnleɪ]

n.

镶嵌物(工艺)

牙充填

inlay

1. inlay inlays
An inlay is a design or pattern on an object which is made by putting materials such as wood, gold, or silver into the surface of the object.

- ...an inlay of medieval glass.

- ...woodwork with mother-of-pearl and silver inlay.

N-VAR

2. inlay
Inlay is the technique of putting designs or patterns onto the surfaces of objects.

- ...traditional craft skills such as weaving, wood inlay, embroidery and metalwork.

N-UNCOUNT

inlet

[D.J.:ˈinlet]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌlɛt, -lɪt]

n.

水湾, 小湾

进口, 入口

inlet *

1. inlet inlets
An inlet is a narrow strip of water which goes from a sea or lake into the land.

- ...a sheltered inlet.

N-COUNT

2. inlet inlets
An inlet is a part of a machine through which a flow of liquid enters.

- ...a blocked water inlet.

N-COUNT: usu n N

inlet

noun

bay

bight

creek

firth or frith Scot.

fjord

passage

inmate

[D.J.:ˈinmeit]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌmet]

n.

囚犯

inmate **

inmate inmates
The inmates of a prison or mental hospital are the prisoners or patients who are living there.
N-COUNT

inmost

[D.J.:ˈɪnˌməʊst]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌmost]

adj.

最内的;最深的

纯粹私人的;最秘密的

inmost

inmost
Inmost means the same as innermost .

- He knew in his inmost heart that he was behaving badly.

ADJ: ADJ n

inmost innermost

adjective

deepest

basic

central

essential

intimate

personal

private

secret

inn

[D.J.:in]

[K.K.:ɪn]

n.

小旅馆, 客栈, 小酒馆

inn **

inn inns
An inn is a small hotel or pub, usually an old one. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...the Waterside Inn.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

innards

[D.J.:ˈɪnədz]

[K.K.:ˈɪnədz]

n.

<口>内脏

innards

1. innards
The innards of a person or animal are the organs inside their body. (INFORMAL)
N-PLURAL: usu with poss

2. innards
A machine's innards are the parts inside it. (INFORMAL)
N-PLURAL

innate

[D.J.:ˈiˈneit]

[K.K.:ɪˈnet, ˈɪnˌet]

adj.

天生的, 固有的

innately

[D.J.:ˈɪˈneɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪˈnetlɪ]

adv.

天赋地

内在地;固有地

innate *

1. innate
An innate quality or ability is one which a person is born with.

- Americans have an innate sense of fairness.

- ...a society in which individuals could develop their innate abilities and capacities.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= inherent natural

2. innately

- I believe everyone is innately psychic.

ADV: ADV adj

innate

adjective

inborn

congenital

constitutional

essential

inbred

ingrained

inherent

instinctive

intuitive

native

natural

inner

[D.J.:ˈinə]

[K.K.:ˈɪnɚ]

adj.

内部的, 里面的

内心的

inner ***

1. inner
The inner parts of something are the parts which are contained or are enclosed inside the other parts, and which are closest to the centre.

- She got up and went into an inner office.

- Wade stepped inside and closed the inner door behind him.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ outer

2. inner
Your inner feelings are feelings which you have but do not show to other people.

- Loving relationships that a child makes will give him an inner sense of security.

- Michael needed to express his inner tensions.

ADJ: ADJ n

inner

adjective

1.

inside

central

interior

internal

inward

middle

2.

private

hidden

intimate

personal

repressed

secret

unrevealed

inner child

inner child
Some psychologists refer to a person's childish feelings as his or her inner child .

- For me, recovery has been all about finding my inner child and accepting her.

N-SING: oft poss N

inner circle *

inner circle inner circles
An inner circle is a small group of people within a larger group who have a lot of power, influence, or special information.

- Among Mr Blair's inner circle of advisers are Derek Scott and Roger Liddle.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

inner city **

inner city inner cities
You use inner city to refer to the areas in or near the centre of a large city where people live and where there are often social and economic problems.

- ...helping kids deal with the fear of living in the inner city...

- Schools in 20 inner-city areas produced the worst results in last year's tests.

N-COUNT also inner-city .

innermost

[D.J.:ˈɪnəˌməʊst]

[K.K.:ˈɪnɚˌmost]

adj.

最深处的

隐私的, 最隐秘的

innermost

1. innermost
Your innermost thoughts and feelings are your most personal and secret ones.

- ...expressing your innermost feelings.

- ...revealing a company's innermost secrets.

ADJ: ADJ n
= inmost

2. innermost
The innermost thing is the one that is nearest to the centre.

- The innermost part of the eye is a large cavity filled with a jelly-like fluid.

- She put the receipt into the innermost pocket of her bag.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ outermost

inner tube

inner tube inner tubes
An inner tube is a rubber tube containing air which is inside a car tyre or a bicycle tyre.

- I had to change the inner tube, in the mud and the snow.

N-COUNT

inning

[D.J.:ˈɪnɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɪnɪŋ]

n.

<棒>局

当政期,执政期

围垦

收获

挨次轮换

innings

[D.J.:ˈiniŋz]

n.

(板球)局;回合

a good innings

(指死者、步入晚年或事业晚期者)长寿且一帆风顺；终其天年；很长的得意时间

inning **

inning innings
An inning is one of the nine periods that a standard baseball game is divided into. Each team is at bat once in each inning.
N-COUNT

innings **

innings
An innings is a period in a game of cricket during which a particular team or player is batting.

- The home side were all out for 50 in their second innings.

N-COUNT innings is both the singular and the plural form

innit

Innit can be used at the end of a statement to make it into a question. It is a way of saying `isn't it'. (SPOKEN, INFORMAL)

- The record's great, innit?

innkeeper

[D.J.:ˈinˌki:pə]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌkipɚ]

n.

旅店老板; 客栈掌柜

innkeeper

innkeeper innkeepers
An innkeeper is someone who owns or manages a small hotel or pub. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

innkeeper

noun

publican

host or hostess

hotelier

landlord or landlady

mine host

innocence

[D.J.:ˈɪnəsəns]

[K.K.:ˈɪnəsəns]

n.

清白;无辜

天真, 单纯

innocence **

1. innocence
Innocence is the quality of having no experience or knowledge of the more complex or unpleasant aspects of life.

- ...the sweet innocence of youth...

- Youngsters are losing their childhood innocence too quickly.

N-UNCOUNT

2. innocence
If someone proves their innocence , they prove that they are not guilty of a crime.

- He claims he has evidence which could prove his innocence.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N
≠ guilt

innocence

noun

1.

guiltlessness

blamelessness

clean hands

incorruptibility

probity

purity

uprightness

virtue

2.

harmlessness

innocuousness

inoffensiveness

3.

inexperience

artlessness

credulousness

gullibility

ingenuousness

naîveté

simplicity

unworldliness

innocent

[D.J.:ˈinəsnt]

[K.K.:ˈɪnəsənt]

adj.

清白的, 无罪的, 无辜的

无害的, 没有恶意的

涉世不深的; 天真的, 单纯的

头脑简单的; 愚钝的

innocently

[D.J.:ˈɪnəsəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɪnəsəntlɪ]

adv.

无罪地;纯洁地；天真地

innocent ***

1. innocent
If someone is innocent , they did not commit a crime which they have been accused of.

- He was sure that the man was innocent of any crime.

- The police knew from day one that I was innocent.

ADJ: oft ADJ of n
≠ guilty

2. innocent
If someone is innocent , they have no experience or knowledge of the more complex or unpleasant aspects of life.

- They seemed so young and innocent.

- He's curiously innocent about what this means to other people.

ADJ-GRADED
= naive

3. innocent innocents
An innocent is someone who is innocent.

- She had always regarded Ian as a hopeless innocent where women were concerned.

N-COUNT

4. innocently

- The baby gurgled innocently on the bed.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

5. innocent
Innocent people are those who are not involved in a crime or conflict, but are injured or killed as a result of it.

- All those wounded were innocent victims.

- The war was killing innocent women and children.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

6. innocent
An innocent question, remark, or comment is not intended to offend or upset people, even if it does so.

- It was probably an innocent question, but Michael got flustered, anyway.

ADJ-GRADED
= harmless

innocently *

innocently
If you say that someone does or says something innocently , you mean that they are pretending not to know something about a situation.

- I tried to catch Chrissie's eye to find out what she was playing at, but she only smiled back at me innocently.

- `Any chance you'd be heading out that way again, soon?' I asked innocently.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
See also innocent .

innocent

adjective

1.

not guilty

blameless

guiltless

honest

in the clear

uninvolved

2.

harmless

innocuous

inoffensive

unobjectionable

well-intentioned

well-meant

3.

naive

artless

childlike

credulous

gullible

ingenuous

open

simple

unworldly

innocuous

[D.J.:ɪˈnɔkju:əs]

[K.K.:ɪˈnɑkjuəs]

adj.

无害的,不会招致反对的

innocuous *

innocuous
Something that is innocuous is not at all harmful or offensive. (FORMAL)

- Both mushrooms look innocuous but are in fact deadly.

- Even seemingly innocuous words are offensive in certain contexts.

ADJ-GRADED
= inoffensive

innovate

[D.J.:ˈɪnəˌveɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɪnəˌvet]

vi.

改革, 创新

innovate

innovate innovates innovating innovated
To innovate means to introduce changes and new ideas in the way something is done or made.

- What sets Rice apart from most engineers is his constant desire to innovate and experiment.

VB

innovation

[D.J.:ˌɪnəuˈveiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnəˈveʃən]

n.

改革, 革新, 创新

新观念, 新方法, 新发明

innovation **

1. innovation innovations
An innovation is a new thing or a new method of doing something.

- They produced the first vegetarian beanburger -- an innovation which was rapidly exported to Britain.

- ...the transformation wrought by the technological innovations of the industrial age.

N-COUNT

2. innovation
Innovation is the introduction of new ideas, methods, or things.

- We must promote originality, inspire creativity and encourage innovation.

N-UNCOUNT

innovation

noun

modernization

alteration

change

departure

introduction

newness

novelty

variation

innovative

[D.J.:ˈinəuveitiv]

[K.K.:ˈɪnəˌvetɪv]

adj.

新发明的, 新引进的; 革新的; 有改革精神的

乐于引进新观念的

innovative **

1. innovative
Something that is innovative is new and original.

- ...products which are cheaper, more innovative and more reliable than those of their competitors.

ADJ-GRADED

2. innovative
An innovative person introduces changes and new ideas.

- He was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of his generation.

ADJ-GRADED

innovator

[D.J.:ˈɪnəveɪtə(r)]

[K.K.: ˈɪnəˌvetɚ]

n.

改革者

刷新者

innovator *

innovator innovators
An innovator is someone who introduces changes and new ideas.

- He is an innovator in this field.

N-COUNT

innovatory

[ˈinəuveitəri]

adj.

革新的

innovatory

innovatory
Innovatory means the same as innovative . (mainly BRIT)

- Only the opening sequence could claim to be genuinely innovatory.

ADJ-GRADED

innuendo

[D.J.:ˌɪnju:ˈendəʊ]

[K.K.:ˌɪnjuˈɛndo]

n.

影射的话,讽刺的话

含沙射影,暗讽

innuendo *

innuendo innuendoes or innuendos
Innuendo is indirect reference to something rude or unpleasant.

- The report was based on rumours, speculation, and innuendo.

- ...magazines which are full of sexual innuendo.

N-VAR
= insinuation

innuendo

noun

insinuation

aspersion

hint

implication

imputation

intimation

overtone

suggestion

whisper

innumerable

[D.J.:iˈnju:mərəbl]

[K.K.:ɪˈnumərəbəl, ɪˈnju-]

adj.

无数的, 数不清的

innumerable *

innumerable
Innumerable means very many, or too many to be counted. (FORMAL)

- He has invented innumerable excuses, told endless lies.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= countless

innumerable

adjective

countless

beyond number

incalculable

infinite

multitudinous

myriad

numberless

numerous

unnumbered

untold

inoculate

[D.J.:ɪˈnɔkjəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˈnɑkjəˌlet]

vt.

给…做预防注射

inoculating

接种

inoculation

[D.J.:ɪˌnɔkjəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˌnɑkjəˈleʃən]

n.

<植>接芽

<医>预防接种

inoculate

1. inoculate inoculates inoculating inoculated
To inoculate a person or animal means to inject a weak form of a disease into their body as a way of protecting them against the disease.

- ...a program to inoculate every child in the state...

- His dogs were inoculated against rabies.

VB
= vaccinate

2. inoculation inoculations

- This may eventually lead to routine inoculation of children.

- An inoculation against cholera is recommended.

N-VAR: oft N against n

inoffensive

[D.J.:ˌɪnəˈfensɪv]

[K.K.:ˌɪnəˈfɛnsɪv]

adj.

无害的, 不伤人的

inoffensive

inoffensive
If you describe someone or something as inoffensive , you mean that they are not unpleasant or unacceptable in any way, but are perhaps rather dull.

- He's a mild inoffensive man.

- It's a very nice song. Catchy, and inoffensive.

ADJ-GRADED
= innocuous ≠ offensive

inoffensive

adjective

harmless

innocent

innocuous

mild

quiet

retiring

unobjectionable

unobtrusive

inoperable

[D.J.:ɪnˈɔpərəbəl, -ˈɔprə-]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɑpərəbəl, -ˈɑprə-]

adj.

手术不能治愈的

inoperable

inoperable
An inoperable medical condition is one that cannot be cured by a surgical operation. (FORMAL)

- He was diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer.

ADJ

inoperative

[D.J.:inˈɔpərətiv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɑpərətɪv, -ˈɑprə-]

adj.

不起作用的, 无效的

inoperative

inoperative
An inoperative rule, principle, or tax is one that does not work any more or that cannot be made to work. (FORMAL)
ADJ

inoperative

adjective

out of action

broken

defective

ineffective

invalid

null and void

out of order

out of service

useless

inopportune

[D.J.:ɪnˌɔpəˈtu:n, -ˈtju:n]

[K.K.:ɪnˌɑpɚˈtun, -ˈtjun]

adj.

不凑巧的;不合时宜的

inopportune

inopportune
If you describe something as inopportune or if you say that it happens at an inopportune time, you mean that it happens at an unfortunate or unsuitable time, and causes trouble or embarrassment because of this.

- The dismissals came at an inopportune time, diverting attention from the match.

ADJ-GRADED

inopportune

adjective

inconvenient

ill-chosen

ill-timed

inappropriate

unfavourable

unfortunate

unpropitious

unseasonable

unsuitable

untimely

inordinate

[D.J.:ɪnˈɔ:dnɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈɔrdnɪt]

adj.

过度的, 过量的

inordinately

[D.J.:ɪnˈ ɔ:dɪnɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈ ɔrd n..ɪtlɪ]

adv.

无度地;非常地

inordinate *

1. inordinate
If you describe something as inordinate , you are emphasizing that it is unusually or excessively great in amount or degree. (FORMAL)

- They spend an inordinate amount of time talking.

- ...their inordinate number of pets.

ADJ: usu ADJ n emphasis
= excessive

2. inordinately

- He is inordinately proud of his wife's achievements.

ADV: usu ADV adj/-ed

inordinate

adjective

excessive

disproportionate

extravagant

immoderate

intemperate

preposterous

unconscionable

undue

unreasonable

unwarranted

inorganic

[D.J.:ˌɪnɔ:ˈgænɪk]

[K.K.:ˌɪnɔrˈɡænɪk]

adj.

<化>无机的

无组织结构的

体外的

inorganic

inorganic
Inorganic substances are substances such as stone and metal that do not come from living things.

- ...roofing made from organic and inorganic fibres.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ organic

inorganic

adjective

artificial

chemical

man-made

in-patient

[D.J.:ˈɪnpeɪʃənt]

n.

住院病人

in-patient

1. in-patient in-patients
An in-patient is someone who stays in hospital while they receive their treatment.
N-COUNT (AM) also inpatient
≠ out-patient

2. in-patient
Also an adjective.

- ...in-patient treatment involving an open-heart operation.

- ...inpatient hospital care.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) also inpatient

input

[D.J.:ˈinput]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌpʊt]

n.

输入, 投入

〈电〉输入端

输入的数据

vt.

把…输入电脑

input **

1. input inputs
Input consists of information or resources that a group or project receives.

- It's up to the teacher to provide a variety of types of input in the classroom.

- They may need some additional inputs and advice on how to improve the management of their farms.

N-VAR

2. input
Input is information that is put into a computer.
N-UNCOUNT
≠ output

3. input inputs inputting
If you input information into a computer, you feed it in, for example by typing it on a keyboard.

- The computer acts as a word processor where the text of a speech can be input at any time.

VB The form input is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

inquest

[D.J.:ˈɪnˌkwest]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌkwɛst]

n.

<律>审讯;审理

inquest *

1. inquest inquests
When an inquest is held, a public official hears evidence about someone's death in order to find out the cause.

- The inquest into their deaths opened yesterday in Enniskillen.

N-COUNT: oft N into n

2. inquest inquests
You can refer to an investigation by the people involved into the causes of a defeat or failure as an inquest .

- His plea came last night as party chiefs held an inquest into the election disaster.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N into n
= inquiry

inquest

noun

inquiry

inquisition

investigation

probe

inquire

[D.J.:inˈkwaiə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkwaɪr]

vt. & vi.

打听, 询问

inquiring

[inˈkwaiəriŋ]

adj.

咨询的,打听的,爱追根究底的

inquire **

1. inquire inquires inquiring inquired
If you inquire about something, you ask for information about it. (FORMAL)

- `Is something wrong?' he enquired.

- `Who are you?' he enquired of the first man.

- I rang up to inquire about train times.

- He asked for his key and inquired whether there had been any messages for him.

- He was so impressed that he inquired the young shepherd's name.

VB also enquire .

2. inquire inquires inquiring inquired
If you inquire into something, you investigate it carefully.

- Inspectors were appointed to inquire into the affairs of the company.

VB also enquire .

inquiring

1. inquiring
If you have an inquiring mind, you have a great interest in learning new things.

- I have always had an enquiring mind where food is concerned.

- All this helps children to develop an inquiring attitude to learning.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n also enquiring .
= inquisitive

2. inquiring
If someone has an inquiring expression on their face, they are showing that they want to know something. (WRITTEN)

- `That's right, dear,' she said in reply to his enquiring glance.

ADJ: ADJ n also enquiring .
= questioning

3. inquiringly

- She looked at me inquiringly. `Well?'

ADV

inquire

verb

1.

investigate

examine

explore

look into

make inquiries

probe

research

2.

ask

query

question

inquire after **

inquire after inquires after; inquiring after; inquired after
If you inquire after someone, you ask how they are or what they are doing. (FORMAL)

- Elsie called to inquire after my health.

PHR-V also enquire .

inquirer

n.

询问的人,探究的人,调查者

inquirer

1. inquirer inquirers
An inquirer is a person who asks for information about something or someone. (FORMAL)

- I send each inquirer a packet of information.

N-COUNT also enquirer .

2. inquirer
Inquirer is used in the names of some newspapers and magazines.

- ...the National Enquirer.

N-IN-NAMES: the supp N also enquirer .

inquiry

[D.J.:inˈkwaiəri]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkwaɪri, ˈɪnˌkwaɪri, ˈɪnkwəri, ˈɪŋ-]

n.

打听, 询问

调查, 查问

inquiry ***

1. inquiry inquiries
An inquiry is a question which you ask in order to get some information.

- He made some inquiries and discovered she had gone to the Continent.

- After a brief inquiry about the Christmas holiday, he returned to the subject of music.

N-COUNT The spelling enquiry is also used.

2. inquiry inquiries
An inquiry is an official investigation.

- This is the most difficult and shocking murder inquiry I have had to open in the last 25 years.

- The Democratic Party has called for an independent inquiry into the incident.

N-COUNT The spelling enquiry is also used.

3. inquiry
Inquiry is the process of asking about or investigating something in order to find out more about it.

- The investigation has suddenly switched to a new line of inquiry.

N-UNCOUNT The spelling enquiry is also used.

4. inquiry
If you say that someone is helping the police with their inquiries , you mean that the police are questioning them about a crime, but have not yet charged them with it. (BRIT)

- Two men were helping police with their inquiries at Salisbury last night.

PHR: V inflects The spelling enquiry is also used.

inquiry

noun

1.

investigation

examination

exploration

inquest

interrogation

probe

research

study

survey

2.

question

query

inquisition

[D.J.:ˌɪnkwɪˈzɪʃən, ˌɪŋ-]

[K.K.:ˌɪnkwɪˈzɪʃən, ˌɪŋ-]

n.

<正>调查,审讯

inquisition

inquisition inquisitions
An inquisition is an official investigation, especially one which is very thorough and uses harsh methods of questioning.
N-COUNT

inquisition

noun

investigation

cross-examination

examination

grilling informal

inquest

inquiry

questioning

third degree informal

inquisitive

[D.J.:ɪnˈkwɪzɪtɪv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkwɪzɪtɪv]

adj.

好问的;好奇的;爱打听别人隐私的

inquisitively

[D.J.:ɪnˈk wɪzətɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈk wɪzətɪvlɪ]

adv.

过分好奇地

好问地

inquisitive *

1. inquisitive
An inquisitive person likes finding out about things, especially secret things.

- Barrow had an inquisitive nature.

- Bears are very inquisitive and must be kept mentally stimulated.

ADJ-GRADED

2. inquisitively

- Molly looked at Ann inquisitively. `Where do you want to go?'

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. inquisitiveness

- I liked children, loved their innocence and their inquisitiveness.

N-UNCOUNT

inquisitive

adjective

curious

inquiring

nosy informal

probing

prying

questioning

inquisitor

[D.J.:inˈkwizitə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈkwɪzɪtɚ]

n.

询问者,检察官,审理者

inquisitor

inquisitor inquisitors
An inquisitor is someone who is asking someone else a series of questions, especially in a rather hostile way or as part of an inquisition.
N-COUNT

inquisitorial

[D.J.:ɪnˌkwɪzɪˈtɔ:ri:əl, -ˈtəʊr-]

[K.K.:ɪnˌkwɪzɪˈtɔriəl, -ˈtor-]

adj.

(宗教法庭)审判官似的

爱打听的

inquisitorial

inquisitorial
If you describe something or someone as inquisitorial , you mean they resemble things or people in an inquisition.

- The next hearings will be structured differently in order to minimize the inquisitorial atmosphere.

ADJ

inroads

[D.J.:ˈɪnrəʊdz]

[K.K.:ˈɪnrodz]

n.

侵犯,损害

得手,进展

make inroads in/into sth

削弱，消耗(某事物)

成功进入新领域；开拓；进展

inroads *

inroads
If one thing makes inroads into another, the first thing starts affecting or destroying the second.

- In Italy, as elsewhere, television has made deep inroads into cinema.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR into n

insane

[D.J.:inˈsein]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsen]

adj.

(患)精神病的, 精神失常的, 疯狂的

insanely

adv.

疯狂地,狂暴地

insane *

1. insane
Someone who is insane has a mind that does not work in a normal way, with the result that their behaviour is very strange.

- Some people simply can't take it and they just go insane.

- Agnes was a battered woman who had killed, in self-defense, while temporarily insane.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ
= mad

2. insane
The insane are people who are insane.

- ...the state hospital for the criminally insane.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. insane
If you describe a decision or action as insane , you think it is very foolish or excessive.

- He asked me what I thought and I said, `Listen, this is completely insane.'

- ...insane jealousy.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

4. insanely

- I would be insanely jealous if Bill left me for another woman.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj, also ADV with v

insane

adjective

1.

mad

crazed

crazy

demented

deranged

mentally ill

out of one's mind

unhinged

2.

stupid

daft informal

foolish

idiotic

impractical

irrational

irresponsible

preposterous

senseless

insanitary

[D.J.:ɪnˈsænɪˌteri:]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsænɪˌtɛri]

adj.

不卫生的

insanitary

insanitary
If something such as a place is insanitary , it is so dirty that it is likely to have a bad effect on people's health. (FORMAL)

- ...the insanitary conditions of slums...

- British prisons remain disgracefully crowded and insanitary.

ADJ-GRADED
= unhygienic unsanitary

insanitary

adjective

unhealthy

dirty

disease-ridden

filthy

infested

insalubrious

polluted

unclean

unhygienic

insanity

[D.J.:ɪnˈsænətɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsænətɪ]

n.

精神错乱；精神病；疯狂

<律>(被认为行为者可免负法律责任的)精神失常，神智迷乱

insanity *

1. insanity
Insanity is the state of being insane.

- The film is a powerful study of a woman's descent into insanity.

- The defence pleaded insanity, but the defendant was found guilty and sentenced.

N-UNCOUNT
= madness

2. insanity
If you describe a decision or an action as insanity , you think it is very foolish.

- It was a period of collective insanity, of legalized murder and mayhem.

- ...the final financial insanity of the 1980s.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n disapproval
= lunacy

insanity

noun

1.

madness

delirium

dementia

mental disorder

mental illness

2.

stupidity

folly

irresponsibility

lunacy

senselessness

insatiable

[D.J.:ɪnˈseɪʃəbəl, -ʃi:ə-]

[K.K.:ɪnˈseʃəbəl, -ʃiə-]

adj.

无法满足的, 贪得无厌的

insatiable *

insatiable
If someone has an insatiable desire for something, they want as much of it as they can possibly get.

- A section of the reading public has an insatiable appetite for dirty stories about the famous.

- They were insatiable collectors.

ADJ
= voracious

insatiable

adjective

unquenchable

greedy

intemperate

rapacious

ravenous

voracious

inscribe

[D.J.:ɪnˈskraɪb]

[K.K.:ɪnˈskraɪb]

vt.

写;刻

inscribed

内接

inscribe *

1. inscribe inscribes inscribing inscribed
If you inscribe words on an object, you write or carve the words on the object.

- Some galleries commemorate donors by inscribing their names on the walls.

- She and Mark read the words inscribed on the inner walls of the monument.

- ...stone slabs inscribed with Buddhist texts.

- ...a silver cigarette-case, inscribed `To Laura, with all my love, Leonard'.

VB

2. inscribe inscribes inscribing inscribed
If you inscribe something in the front of a book or on a photograph, you write it there, often before giving it to someone.

- On the back I had inscribed the words: `Here's to Great Ideas! John'.

- The book is inscribed: To John Arlott from Laurie Lee.

VB

inscribe

verb

carve

cut

engrave

etch

impress

imprint

inscription

[D.J.:inˈskripʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈskrɪpʃən]

n.

(作者)题词, 献词

inscription *

1. inscription inscriptions
An inscription is writing carved into something made of stone or metal, for example a gravestone or medal.

- Above its doors was a Latin inscription: Non omnia possumus omnes.

- The silver medal bears the sovereign's head and the inscription `For distinguished service'.

N-COUNT

2. inscription inscriptions
An inscription is something written by hand in the front of a book or on a photograph.

- The inscription reads: `To Emma, with love from Harry'.

N-COUNT

inscription

noun

engraving

dedication

legend

words

inscrutable

[D.J.:ɪnˈskru:təbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈskrutəbəl]

adj.

不可理解的;谜一样的

inscrutable

inscrutable
If a person or their expression is inscrutable , it is very hard to know what they are really thinking or what they mean.

- In some circumstances, it is important to keep a straight face and to remain inscrutable.

ADJ-GRADED

inscrutable

adjective

1.

enigmatic

blank

deadpan

impenetrable

poker-faced informal

2.

mysterious

hidden

incomprehensible

inexplicable

unexplainable

unfathomable

unintelligible

insect

[D.J.:ˈinsekt]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌsɛkt]

n.

昆虫

insect **

insect insects
An insect is a small animal that has six legs. Most insects have wings. Ants, flies, butterflies, and beetles are all insects.
N-COUNT

insecticide

[D.J.:ɪnˈsektɪˌsaɪd]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɛktɪˌsaɪd]

n.

杀虫剂

insecticide *

insecticide insecticides
Insecticide is a chemical substance that is used to kill insects.

- Spray the plants with insecticide.

N-MASS

insecure

[D.J.:ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə]

[K.K.:ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊr]

adj.

无把握的;不能断定的

不稳定的;不安全的

insecurity

[D.J.:ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊərɪtɪ]

[K.K.:ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊrətɪ]

n.

不安全;危险

不牢靠;不稳定

无把握

局促不安,心神不定

insecure **

1. insecure
If you are insecure , you lack confidence because you think that you are not good enough or are not loved.

- In effect she is punishing her parents for making her feel threatened and insecure.

- Most mothers are insecure about their performance as mothers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
≠ secure

2. insecurity insecurities

- She is always assailed by self-doubt and emotional insecurity.

- His behaviour is an attempt to cover up his insecurities.

N-VAR

3. insecure
Something that is insecure is not safe or protected.

- ...low-paid, insecure jobs...

- Cellular phones are inherently insecure, as anyone can listen to and record conversations.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ secure

4. insecurity

- ...the increase in crime, which has created feelings of insecurity in the population.

- ...the harshness and insecurity of agricultural life.

N-UNCOUNT

insecure

adjective

1.

anxious

afraid

uncertain

unsure

2.

unsafe

defenceless

exposed

unguarded

unprotected

vulnerable

wide-open

insecurity

noun

anxiety

fear

uncertainty

worry

inseminate

[D.J.:inˈsemineit]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɛməˌnet]

vt.

使受精, 使怀孕

insemination

[inˌsemiˈneiʃən]

n.

授精,播种

inseminate

1. inseminate inseminates inseminating inseminated
To inseminate a woman or female animal means to put a male's sperm into her in order to make her pregnant.

- The gadget is used to artificially inseminate cows.

VB

2. insemination

- The sperm sample is checked under the microscope before insemination is carried out.

N-UNCOUNT

insensitive

[D.J.:ɪnˈsensɪtɪv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɛnsɪtɪv]

adj.

感觉迟钝的;不友好的

感觉不到的;麻木不仁的

insensitivity

不灵敏;不灵敏度;不敏感;不敏感性

insensitive *

1. insensitive
If you describe someone as insensitive , you are criticizing them for being unaware of or unsympathetic to other people's feelings.

- I feel my husband is very insensitive about my problem.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ sensitive

2. insensitivity

- I was ashamed and appalled at my clumsiness and insensitivity towards her.

N-UNCOUNT

3. insensitive
Someone who is insensitive to a situation or to a need does not think or care about it.

- Women's and Latino organizations that say he is insensitive to civil rights.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ to n

4. insensitivity

- ...insensitivity to the environmental consequences.

N-UNCOUNT

5. insensitive
Someone who is insensitive to a physical sensation is unable to feel it.

- He had become insensitive to cold.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ to n

insensitive

adjective

unfeeling

callous

hardened

indifferent

thick-skinned

tough

uncaring

unconcerned

inseparable

[D.J.:ɪnˈsepərəbəl, -ˈseprə-]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɛpərəbəl, -ˈsɛprə-]

adj.

不可分的, 分不开的

inseparably

adv.

不能分离地,不可分地

inseparable *

1. inseparable
If one thing is inseparable from another, the things are so closely connected that they cannot be considered separately.

- He firmly believes liberty is inseparable from social justice.

- For the ancient Mexicans, life and death were inseparable, two halves of the same whole.

ADJ: oft ADJ from n

2. inseparably

- The doctrine of karma is inseparably linked with reincarnation.

- In his mind, religion and politics were inseparably intertwined.

ADV: usu ADV -ed, also ADV after v

3. inseparable
If you say that two people are inseparable , you are emphasizing that they are very good friends and spend a great deal of time together.

- She and Kristin were inseparable.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis

inseparable

adjective

1.

indivisible

indissoluble

2.

devoted

bosom

close

intimate

insert

[D.J.:inˈsə:t]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɚt]

vt.

插入, 嵌入

n.

添入物(尤指一页印刷品图中插入或套印的小图)

inserted

[inˈsə:tid]

adj.

插入的,嵌入的,着生的,附着的

insertion

[D.J.:ɪnˈsɜ:ʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsə..ʃən]

n.

插入(物)

inserts

镶嵌件

insert **

1. insert inserts inserting inserted
If you insert an object into something, you put the object inside it.

- He took a small key from his pocket and slowly inserted it into the lock.

- Wait for a couple of minutes with your mouth closed before inserting the thermometer.

VB

2. insertion insertions

- ...the first experiment involving the insertion of a new gene into a human being.

N-VAR

3. insert inserts inserting inserted
If you insert a comment into a piece of writing or a speech, you include it.

- They joined with the monarchists to insert a clause calling for a popular vote on the issue.

VB

4. insertion

- He saw no point whatsoever in recording an item for insertion in the programme.

N-VAR

5. insert inserts
An insert is something that is inserted somewhere, especially an advertisement on a piece of paper that is placed between the pages of a book or magazine.
N-COUNT

insert

verb

enter

embed

implant

introduce

place

put

stick in

insertion

noun

inclusion

addition

implant

interpolation

introduction

supplement

in-service

[D.J.:ˈinˈsə:vis]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌsɚvɪs]

adj.

在职的,在职期间进行的,不脱产的

in-service

in-service
If people working in a particular profession are given in-service training, they attend special courses to improve their skills or to learn about new developments in their field.

- ...the undoubted need for in-service training.

- ...in-service courses for people such as doctors, teachers, and civil servants.

ADJ: ADJ n

inset

[D.J.:ˈinˈset]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌsɛt, ɪnˈsɛt]

n.

插入物,插进

inset

1. inset
Something that is inset with a decoration or piece of material has the decoration or material set inside it.

- ...a small gold pendant, shaped as a heart and inset with a diamond.

- ...the glass bricks inset high along the corridor's opposite wall.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n

2. inset insets
An inset is a small picture, diagram, or map that is inside a larger one.

- I frequently paint between 10 and 20 insets for my murals.

N-COUNT

inshore

[D.J.:ˈɪnˈʃɔ:, -ˈʃəʊr]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˈʃɔr, -ˈʃor]

adj.

(指海上某物)近海岸的,内陆的

adv.

沿海或出海捕鱼

inshore *

1. inshore
If something is inshore , it is in the sea but quite close to the land. If something moves inshore , it moves from the sea towards the land.

- A barge was close inshore about a hundred yards away.

- There was still a strong wind blowing inshore.

ADV: be ADV, ADV after v
≠ offshore

2. inshore
Also an adjective.

- ...inshore reefs and islands.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ offshore

inside

[D.J.:inˈsaid]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd]

n.

里面, 内部

内脏

adj.

内部的; 里面的; 内侧的

prep.

(表示位置或方向)在或到…里面

(表示时间)少于

insides

心纸;花边机综合特征

inside ****

(The form inside of can also be used as a preposition. This form is more usual in American English.)

1. inside
Something or someone that is inside a place, container, or object is in it or is surrounded by it.

- Inside the passport was a folded slip of paper.

- There is a telephone inside the entrance hall.

PREP
≠ outside

2. inside
Also an adverb.

- The couple chatted briefly on the doorstep before going inside.

- He ripped open the envelope and read what was inside.

- I could hear music coming from inside.

- At a table inside, a man and woman were awaiting her.

- Inside, clouds of cigarette smoke swirled from the booths along the walk.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, from ADV, n ADV, ADV with cl
≠ outside

3. inside
Also an adjective.

- ...four-berth inside cabins with en suite bathroom and shower.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. inside insides
The inside of something is the part or area that its sides surround or contain.

- The doors were locked from the inside.

- I painted the inside of the house the colours of an English garden.

- Kiwi fruit can be eaten by cutting off the tops and scooping out the insides with a teaspoon.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing
≠ outside

5. inside
Also an adjective.

- The popular papers all have photo features on their inside pages.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. inside
Also an adverb.

- The potato cakes can be shallow or deep-fried until crisp outside and meltingly soft inside.

ADV: adj ADV

7. inside
You can say that someone is inside when they are in prison. (INFORMAL)

- They've both done prison time -- he's been inside three times.

ADV: be ADV, ADV after v

8. inside
On a wide road, the inside lane is the one which is closest to the edge of the road. (BRIT; in AM use slow lane )

- I was driving up at seventy miles an hour on the inside lane on the motorway.

ADJ: ADJ n
= nearside ≠ outside

9. inside
Also a noun.

- I overtook Charlie on the inside, and I accelerated all the way to the finish.

N-SING: the N, oft on the N
≠ outside

10. inside
Inside information is obtained from someone who is involved in a situation and therefore knows a lot about it.

- Sloane used inside diplomatic information to make himself rich.

- Keith Vass, editor, denies he had inside knowledge.

- It's fascinating to get the inside story so many years after this incident.

ADJ: ADJ n

11. inside
If you are inside an organization, you belong to it.

- 75 percent of chief executives come from inside the company.

- He hasn't looked very carefully into what was happening inside the ruling party.

PREP

12. inside
Also an adjective.

- ...a recent book about the inside world of pro football.

ADJ: ADJ n

13. inside
Also a noun.

- McAvoy was convinced he could control things from the inside but he lost control.

N-SING: the N

14. inside insides
Your insides are your internal organs, especially your stomach. (INFORMAL)
N-PLURAL: usu poss N
= innards

15. inside
If you say that someone has a feeling inside , you mean that they have it but have not expressed it.

- There is nothing left inside -- no words, no anger, no tears.

- Do you get a feeling inside when you write something you like?

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV

16. inside
Also a preposition.

- He felt a great weight of sorrow inside him.

- There was a little anger inside me.

PREP: usu n PREP pron

17. inside
Also a noun.

- What is needed is a change from the inside, a real change in outlook and attitude.

N-SING: the N

18. inside
If you do something inside a particular time, you do it before the end of that time.

- They should have everything working inside an hour.

- New Zealand were ahead inside five minutes.

PREP: PREP amount
= within

19. inside
If something such as a piece of clothing is inside out , the part that is normally inside now faces outwards.

- Her umbrella blew inside out.

PHR: PHR after v

20. inside
If you say that you know something or someone inside out , you are emphasizing that you know them extremely well.

- He knew the game inside out.

- We know each other inside out.

PHR: v n PHR emphasis

21. inside
If you say that something has been turned inside out , you mean that it is the opposite of what you expect or think it should be.

- Edinburgh is an American city turned inside out: the rich in the middle, the poor around the outside.

- War turns morality inside out: killing and cruelty are virtues.

PHR: V inflects

inside

adjective

1.

inner

interior

internal

inward

2.

confidential

classified

exclusive

internal

private

restricted

secret

adverb

3.

indoors

under cover

within

noun

4.

interior

contents

insides

5.

stomach

belly

bowels

entrails

guts

innards informal

viscera

vitals

insider

[D.J.:ɪnˈsaɪdə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsaɪdɚ]

n.

(组织等)内部的人;知情人

insider **

insider insiders
An insider is someone who is involved in a situation and who knows more about it than other people.

- An insider said, `Katharine has told friends it is time to end her career.'.

- German banks have more insider knowledge than most.

N-COUNT

insider trading

insider trading
Insider trading or insider dealing is the illegal buying or selling of a company's shares by someone who has secret or private information about the company.
N-UNCOUNT also insider dealing

insidious

[D.J.:ɪnˈsɪdi:əs]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɪdiəs]

adj.

隐伏的,潜在的,暗中为害的

insidiously

adv.

潜在地,隐伏地,阴险地

insidiousness

n.

潜伏,阴险

insidious *

1. insidious
Something that is insidious is unpleasant or dangerous and develops gradually without being noticed.

- The changes are insidious, and will not produce a noticeable effect for 15 to 20 years.

- They focus on overt discrimination rather than insidious aspects of racism.

ADJ-GRADED

2. insidiously

- Delusions are sometimes insidiously destructive.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

insidious

adjective Informal

stealthy

deceptive

sly

smooth

sneaking

subtle

surreptitious

insight

[D.J.:ˈinsait]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌsaɪt]

n.

洞察力, 洞悉, 深刻的见解

领悟, 顿悟

insight **

1. insight insights
If you gain insight or an insight into a complex situation or problem, you gain an accurate and deep understanding of it.

- The project would give scientists new insights into what is happening to the earth's atmosphere.

- I hope that this talk has given you some insight into the kind of the work that we've been doing.

N-VAR: usu N into n

2. insight
If someone has insight , they are able to understand complex situations.

- He was a man of forceful character, with considerable insight and diplomatic skills.

N-UNCOUNT
= understanding

insight

noun

understanding

awareness

comprehension

discernment

judgment

observation

penetration

perception

perspicacity

vision

insightful

[D.J.:ˈinˌsaitful]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌsaɪtfəl, ɪnˈsaɪt-]

adj.

富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的

insightful

insightful
If you describe a person or their remarks as insightful , you mean that they show a very good understanding of people and situations.

- She offered some really interesting, insightful observations.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= astute perceptive

insignia

[D.J.:ɪnˈsɪgni:ə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɪɡniə]

n.

证章,官职的标志(如肩章、领章等)

insignia

insignia
An insignia is a design or symbol which shows that a person or object belongs to a particular organization, often a military one.

- ...a scarlet tunic bearing the insignia of a captain in the Irish Guards.

N-COUNT insignia is both the singular and the plural form
= emblem

insignia

noun

badge

crest

emblem

symbol

insignificance

[D.J.:ˌinsiɡˈnifikəns]

[K.K.:ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns]

n.

无意义

insignificance

insignificance
Insignificance is the quality of being insignificant.

- These prices pale into insignificance when compared with what was paid for two major works by the late Alfred Stieglitz.

- The event was regarded as of such insignificance that not one major newspaper carried a report.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ significance

insignificance

noun

unimportance

inconsequence

irrelevance

meaninglessness

pettiness

triviality

worthlessness

insignificant

[D.J.:ˌɪnsɪgˈnɪfɪkənt]

[K.K.:ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt]

adj.

无价值的, 无意义的, 无用的

insignificant *

insignificant
Something that is insignificant is unimportant, especially because it is very small.

- In 1949 Bonn was a small, insignificant city.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ significant

insignificant

adjective

unimportant

inconsequential

irrelevant

meaningless

minor

nondescript

paltry

petty

trifling

trivial

insincere

[D.J.:ˌɪnsɪnˈsɪə]

[K.K.:ˌɪnsɪnˈsɪr]

adj.

不诚恳的

insincerity

[D.J.:ˌɪnsɪnˈserɪtɪ]

[K.K.:ˌɪnsɪnˈs ɛrətɪ]

n.

不诚实;无诚意

伪善

insincere

1. insincere
If you say that someone is insincere , you are being critical of them because they say things they do not really mean, usually pleasant, admiring, or encouraging things.

- Some people are so terribly insincere you can never tell if they are telling the truth.

- John found himself surrounded by insincere flattery.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ sincere genuine

2. insincerity

- You need to sound enthusiastic without gushing. Too many superlatives lend a note of insincerity.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ sincerity

insincere

adjective

deceitful

dishonest

disingenuous

duplicitous

false

hollow

hypocritical

lying

two-faced

untruthful

insincerity

noun

deceitfulness

dishonesty

dissimulation

duplicity

hypocrisy

pretence

untruthfulness

insinuate

[D.J.:ɪnˈsɪnju:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɪnjuˌet]

vt.

暗示,旁敲侧击

巧妙或迂回地潜入

insinuate yourself into sth

钻营；钻谋；活动

insinuation

n.

insinuating

[D.J.:inˈsinjueitiŋ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɪnjuˌetɪŋ]

adj.

曲意巴结的,暗示的

insinuation

[D.J.:ɪnˌsɪnju:ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˌsɪnjuˈeʃən]

n.

谄媚求宠;曲意奉承

影射;含蓄的批评

<古>迂回进入

insinuate

1. insinuate insinuates insinuating insinuated
If you say that someone insinuates that something bad is the case, you mean that they say it in an indirect way.

- The libel claim followed an article which insinuated that the President was lying.

- Are you insinuating that I smell?

VB disapproval
= imply

2. insinuation insinuations

- He speaks with rage of insinuations that there's a `gay mafia' in Hollywood.

- I just don't think it's right to bring a good man down by rumour and insinuation.

N-VAR

3. insinuate insinuates insinuating insinuated
If you say that someone insinuates themselves into a particular situation, you mean that they manage very cleverly, and perhaps dishonestly, to get into that situation.

- ...a thriller about a young man who insinuates himself into a millionaire's empire by assuming different identities.

VB disapproval
= worm

insinuating

insinuating
If you describe someone's words or voice as insinuating , you mean that they are saying in an indirect way that something bad is the case.

- Marcus kept making insinuating remarks.

- `Yes.' My tone was insinuating. `I heard she was a real friendly girl.'

ADJ disapproval

insinuate

verb

1.

imply

allude

hint

indicate

intimate

suggest

2.

ingratiate

curry favour

get in with

worm or work one's way in

insinuation

noun

implication

allusion

aspersion

hint

innuendo

slur

suggestion

insipid

[D.J.:ɪnˈsɪpɪd]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɪpɪd]

adj.

枯燥的,无生气的;乏味的

insipidity

n.

insipidly

adv.

insipidity

[ˌinsiˈpiditi]

n.

枯燥无味,清淡,无精神

insipidly

adv.

没有味道地,清淡地

insipid

1. insipid
If you describe food or drink as insipid , you dislike it because it has very little taste.

- It tasted indescribably bland and insipid, like warmed cardboard.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= bland tasteless

2. insipid
If you describe someone or something as insipid , you mean they are dull and boring.

- On the surface she seemed meek, rather insipid.

- They gave an insipid opening performance in a nil-nil draw with Peru.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

insipid

adjective

1.

bland

anaemic

characterless

colourless

prosaic

uninteresting

vapid

wishy-washy informal

2.

tasteless

bland

flavourless

unappetizing

watery

insist

[D.J.:inˈsist]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɪst]

vt. & vi.

坚决宣称, 坚持认为

坚决要求

insist ****

1. insist insists insisting insisted
If you insist that something should be done, you say so very firmly and refuse to give in about it. If you insist on something, you say firmly that it must be done or provided.

- My family insisted that I should not give in, but stay and fight.

- She insisted on being present at all the interviews.

- She insists on all her employees coming to the Christmas lunch she gives every year.

- I didn't want to join in, but Kenneth insisted.

VB

2. insist insists insisting insisted
If you insist that something is the case, you say so very firmly and refuse to say otherwise, even though other people do not believe you.

- The president insisted that he was acting out of compassion, not political opportunism.

- `It's not that difficult,' she insists.

- Crippen insisted on his innocence.

VB

insist

verb

1.

demand

lay down the law

put one's foot down informal

require

2.

assert

aver

claim

maintain

reiterate

repeat

swear

vow

insistence

[D.J.:ɪnˈsɪstɵns]

n.

坚持

insistence **

insistence
Someone's insistence on something is the fact that they insist that it should be done or insist that it is the case.

- ...Raeder's insistence that naval uniform be worn...

- He admired your insistence on understanding things and making your point, even when he preferred his own.

- She had attended an interview, at her boyfriend's insistence.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N on -ing/n, N that

insistence

noun

persistence

emphasis

importunity

stress

insistent

[D.J.:ɪnˈsɪstənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɪstənt]

adj.

坚持的

紧急的

insistently

adv.

坚持地,强求地

insistent *

1. insistent
Someone who is insistent keeps insisting that a particular thing should be done or is the case.

- Stalin was insistent that the war would be won and lost in the machine shops.

- He is most insistent on this point.

- `When can I see him?' Her tone was insistent now.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ that, ADJ on n/-ing

2. insistently

- `What is it?' his wife asked again, gently but insistently.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. insistent
An insistent noise or rhythm keeps going on for a long time and holds your attention.

- ...the insistent rhythms of the Caribbean and Latin America.

ADJ-GRADED
= unrelenting

insistent

adjective

persistent

dogged

emphatic

importunate

incessant

persevering

unrelenting

urgent

in situ

1. in situ
If something remains in situ , especially while something is done to it, it remains where it is. (FORMAL)

- Major works of painting, sculpture, mosaic and architecture were examined in situ in Venice.

ADV: ADV after v

2. in situ
Also an adjective.

- ...technical data derived from laboratory and in-situ experimentation.

ADJ: ADJ n

insofar as *

insofar as
You use insofar as to introduce a statement which explains and adds to something you have just said. (FORMAL)

- We are entering a period of less danger insofar as the danger of nuclear war between the superpowers is less.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD also in so far as .
= inasmuch as

insole

[D.J.:ˈinsəul]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌsol]

n.

鞋内底,鞋垫

insole

insole insoles
The insoles of a pair of shoes are the soft layer of material inside each one, which the soles of your feet rest on.
N-COUNT: usu pl

insolence

[D.J.:ˈɪnsələns]

[K.K.:ˈɪnsələns]

n.

傲慢;无礼;厚颜

傲慢的态度；无礼的行为(或言词)

insolent

[D.J.:ˈɪnsələnt]

[K.K.:ˈɪnsələnt]

adj.

侮慢的,无礼的

insolence

n.

insolently

adv.

insolently

adv.

自豪地,自傲地

insolent

1. insolent
If you say that someone is being insolent , you mean they are being rude to someone they ought to be respectful to.

- ...her insolent stare...

- The officer stamped his boot. `Don't be insolent with me, mademoiselle.'

ADJ-GRADED
= impudent

2. insolence

- The most frequent reasons for excluding a pupil were breaking school rules, insolence, and bad language.

N-UNCOUNT
= impudence

insolence

noun

rudeness

boldness

cheek informal

disrespect

effrontery

impertinence

impudence

insolent

adjective

rude

bold

contemptuous

impertinent

impudent

insubordinate

insulting

insolubility

[inˌsɔljuˈbiliti]

n.

不溶性,解决不了,不可解

insoluble

[D.J.:ɪnˈsɔljəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɑljəbəl]

adj.

不能解决的,不溶的

insolubility

n.

insolubly

adv.

insoluble

1. insoluble
An insoluble problem is so difficult that it is impossible to solve.

- I pushed the problem aside; at present it was insoluble.

- It was an insoluble dilemma and one which I could do nothing about.

ADJ

2. insoluble
If a substance is insoluble , it does not dissolve in a liquid.

- Carotenes are insoluble in water and soluble in oils and fats.

ADJ
≠ soluble

insoluble

adjective

inexplicable

baffling

impenetrable

indecipherable

mysterious

unaccountable

unfathomable

unsolvable

insolvency

[D.J.:inˈsɔlvənsi]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɑlvənsi]

n.

无力偿还,破产

insolvency *

insolvency insolvencies
Insolvency is the state of not having enough money to pay your debts. (FORMAL)

- ...eight mortgage companies, seven of which are on the brink of insolvency...

- The economy has entered a sharp downturn, and unemployment and insolvencies can be expected to increase.

N-VAR

insolvency

noun

bankruptcy

failure

liquidation

ruin

insolvent

[D.J.:ɪnˈsɔlvənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɑlvənt]

adj.

无力偿付债务的, 破产的

n.

无力偿还债务的人;破产者

insolvent *

insolvent
A person or organization that is insolvent does not have enough money to pay their debts. (FORMAL)

- Two years later, the bank was declared insolvent.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

insolvent

adjective

bankrupt

broke informal

failed

gone bust informal

gone to the wall

in receivership

ruined

insomnia

[D.J.:inˈsɔmniə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɑmniə]

n.

〈医〉失眠(症)

insomnia *

insomnia
Someone who suffers from insomnia finds it difficult to sleep.
N-UNCOUNT

insomnia

noun

sleeplessness

wakefulness

insomniac

[D.J.:inˈsɔmniæk]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɑmniˌæk]

n.

失眠症患者

insomniac

insomniac insomniacs
An insomniac is a person who finds it difficult to sleep.
N-COUNT

insouciance

[D.J.:ɪnˈsu:si:əns, ˌæŋsu:ˈsjɑ:ŋs]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsusiəns, ˌæŋsuˈsjɑŋs]

n.

不注意

不在乎

insouciance

insouciance
Insouciance is lack of concern shown by someone about something which they might be expected to take more seriously. (FORMAL)

- He replied with characteristic insouciance: `So what?'

N-UNCOUNT
= nonchalance

insouciant

[D.J.:inˈsu:siənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsusiənt, ˌæŋsuˈsjɑŋ]

adj.

无忧无虑的, 漠不关心的

insouciant

insouciant
An insouciant action or quality shows someone's lack of concern about something which they might be expected to take more seriously. (FORMAL)

- ...Andy Warhol, who worked with an insouciant disregard for the distinctions between painting, photography and film.

ADJ-GRADED
= nonchalant

Insp.

Insp.
Insp. is the written abbreviation for Inspector when it is used as a title.

- ...Insp John Downs.

N-TITLE

inspect

[D.J.:inˈspekt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈspɛkt]

vt.

检查, 检验

视察

inspection

[D.J.:ɪnˈspekʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈspɛkʃən]

n.

检查,视察

inspect ***

1. inspect inspects inspecting inspected
If you inspect something, you look at every part of it carefully in order to find out about it or check that it is all right.

- Elaine went outside to inspect the playing field.

- Cut the fruit in half and inspect the pips: if they are turning slightly brown it is ready for harvesting.

VB
= examine

2. inspection inspections

- `Excellent work,' he said when he had completed his inspection of the painted doors.

- From a distance, the birds appear mainly green in colour. However, closer inspection reveals that their chests are banded with yellow.

N-VAR

3. inspect inspects inspecting inspected
When an official inspects a place or a group of people, they visit it and check it carefully, for example in order to find out whether regulations are being obeyed.

- The Public Utilities Commission inspects us once a year.

- Each hotel is inspected and, if it fulfils certain criteria, is recommended.

VB

4. inspection

- Officers making a routine inspection of the vessel found fifty kilograms of the drug.

N-VAR

inspect

verb

examine

check

go over or through

investigate

look over

scrutinize

survey

vet

inspection

noun

examination

check

checkup

investigation

once-over informal

review

scrutiny

search

survey

inspector

[D.J.:ɪnˈspektə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈspɛktɚ]

n.

检查员,督查

检阅官

警察巡官

inspectorship

n.

检查员的地位

inspectorship

[inˈspektəʃip]

n.

检查员的职务和地位

inspector ***

1. inspector inspectors
An inspector is a person, usually employed by a government agency, whose job is to find out whether people are obeying official regulations.

- The mill was finally shut down by state safety inspectors.

N-COUNT

2. inspector
In Britain, an inspector is an officer in the police who is higher in rank than a sergeant and lower in rank than a superintendent.

- Last week gunmen attacked Mogadishu airport killing a police inspector.

- I got on the phone to Inspector Joplin at Scotland Yard.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC

3. inspector
In the United States, an inspector is an officer in the police who is next in rank to a superintendent or police chief.

- ...San Francisco police inspector Tony Camileri.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC

inspector

noun

examiner

censor

investigator

overseer

scrutinizer

superintendent

supervisor

inspectorate

[D.J.:inˈspektərit]

[K.K.:ɪnˈspɛktərɪt]

n.

视察人员(总称); 视察团

inspectorate *

inspectorate inspectorates
An inspectorate is a group of inspectors who work on the same issue or area.

- ...the Nuclear Installations Inspectorate.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

inspiration

[D.J.:ˌɪnspəˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnspəˈreʃən]

n.

灵感

鼓舞人心的人[事物]

〈口〉突然想出的好主意; 妙计

inspiration **

1. inspiration
Inspiration is a feeling of enthusiasm you get from someone or something, which gives you new and creative ideas.

- My inspiration comes from poets like Baudelaire and Jacques Pr´evert.

- What better way of finding inspiration for your own garden than by visiting others.

N-UNCOUNT

2. inspiration
If you describe someone or something good as an inspiration , you mean that they make you or other people want to do or achieve something.

- Powell's unusual journey to high office is an inspiration to millions.

- She was a great inspiration. She was the person who impressed us with the importance of research.

N-SING: a N, oft N to n approval

3. inspiration
If something or someone is the inspiration for a particular book, work of art, or action, they are the source of the ideas in it or act as a model for it.

- India's myths and songs are the inspiration for her books.

- The inspiration behind the reforms was a paper written in 1985.

N-SING: oft N for/behind n

4. inspiration inspirations
If you suddenly have an inspiration , you suddenly think of an idea of what to do or say.

- Alison had an inspiration. `Wouldn't it be good if we made a tunnel out of hardboard'.

N-COUNT

inspiration

noun

1.

influence

muse

spur

stimulus

2.

revelation

creativity

illumination

insight

inspirational

[D.J.:ˌinspəˈreiʃənəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnspəˈreʃənəl]

adj.

有灵感的,给予灵感的,灵感的

inspirational *

inspirational
Something that is inspirational provides you with inspiration.

- Tolstoy was an inspirational figure in forming Gandhi's ideas about nonviolence.

- Cumbria was inspirational for Wordsworth.

ADJ-GRADED approval

inspire

[D.J.:inˈspaiə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈspaɪr]

vt.

鼓舞, 激励

赋予某人灵感; 启迪

inspired

[D.J.:ɪnˈspaɪəd]

[K.K.:ɪnˈspaɪrd]

adj.

有创造力的

有雄心壮志的

inspiring

[D.J.:ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈspaɪrɪŋ]

adj.

鼓舞人的;使人感兴趣的

inspire **

1. inspire inspires inspiring inspired
If someone or something inspires you to do something new or unusual, they make you want to do it.

- These herbs will inspire you to try out all sorts of exotic-flavoured dishes!.

- Our challenge is to motivate those voters and inspire them to join our cause.

- And what inspired you to change your name?

VB
= encourage

2. inspire inspires inspiring inspired
If someone or something inspires you, they give you new ideas and a strong feeling of enthusiasm.

- In the 1960s, the electric guitar virtuosity of Jimi Hendrix inspired a generation.

VB

3. inspire inspires inspiring inspired
If a book, work of art, or action is inspired by something, that thing is the source of the idea for it.

- The book was inspired by a real person, namely Tamara de Treaux.

- ...a political murder inspired by the same nationalist conflicts now wrecking the country.

VB: usu passive

4. -inspired

- ...Mediterranean-inspired ceramics in bright yellow and blue...

- Jamaica's socialist government is adopting US-inspired free market practices.

COMB in ADJ

5. inspire inspires inspiring inspired
Someone or something that inspires a particular emotion or reaction in people makes them feel this emotion or reaction.

- The car's performance is effortless and its handling is precise and quickly inspires confidence.

VB

inspiring *

inspiring
Something or someone that is inspiring is exciting and makes you feel strongly interested and enthusiastic.

- She was a very strong, impressive character and one of the most inspiring people I've ever met.

- It was not exactly our most inspiring performance of the season.

ADJ-GRADED
= stirring

inspire

verb

1.

stimulate

animate

encourage

enliven

galvanize

influence

spur

2.

arouse

enkindle

excite

give rise to

produce

inspired

adjective

1.

brilliant

dazzling

impressive

memorable

outstanding

superlative

thrilling

wonderful

2.

uplifted

elated

enthused

exhilarated

stimulated

inspiring

adjective

uplifting

exciting

exhilarating

heartening

moving

rousing

stimulating

stirring

Inst.

Inst.
Inst. is a written abbreviation for Institute or Institution .

- ...the Liverpool Inst. of Higher Ed.

N-IN-NAMES

instability

[D.J.:ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪti]

n.

不稳定,不稳固

instability **

instability
Instability is the quality of being unstable.

- ...unpopular policies, which resulted in social discontent and political instability.

- ...Caligula's inherent mental instability...

- The length of the fuselage was increased due to a degree of directional instability.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
≠ stability

instability

noun

unpredictability

changeableness

fickleness

fluctuation

impermanence

inconstancy

insecurity

unsteadiness

variability

volatility

install

[D.J.:inˈstɔ:l]

[K.K.:ɪnˈstɔl]

vt.

安装

安顿, 安置

使…正式就职

installation

[D.J.:ˌɪnstəˈleiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnstəˈleʃən]

n.

安装, 设置; 就职

装置, 设备

军事设施

installing

装置;阵列

install ***

1. install installs installing installed
If you install a piece of equipment, you fit it or put it somewhere so that it is ready to be used.

- They had installed a new phone line in the apartment.

VB also instal .

2. installation

- Hundreds of lives could be saved if the installation of alarms was more widespread.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. install installs installing installed
If someone is installed in a new job or important position, they are officially given the job or position, often in a special ceremony.

- A new Catholic bishop was installed in Galway yesterday.

- Professor Sawyer was formally installed as President last Thursday.

- The army has promised to install a new government within a week.

VB also instal .

4. installation

- He sent a letter inviting Naomi to attend his installation as chief of his tribe.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss, N as n

5. install installs installing installed
If you install yourself in a particular place, you settle there and make yourself comfortable. (FORMAL)

- Before her husband's death she had installed herself in a modern villa.

VB also instal .

installation **

installation installations
An installation is a place that contains equipment and machinery which are being used for a particular purpose.

- The building was turned into a secret military installation.

- ...a nuclear installation.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
See also install .

install

verb

1.

set up

fix

lay

lodge

place

position

put in

station

2.

induct

establish

inaugurate

institute

introduce

invest

3.

settle

ensconce

position

installation

noun

1.

setting up

establishment

fitting

instalment

placing

positioning

2.

induction

inauguration

investiture

3.

equipment

machinery

plant

system

installment plan

installment plan installment plans
An installment plan is a way of buying goods gradually. You make regular payments to the seller until, after some time, you have paid the full price and the goods belong to you. (AM; in BRIT use hire purchase )
N-COUNT

instalment

[inˈstɔ:lmənt]

n.

一部分; 一集

每一期摊付的款项, 分期付款

instalment *

1. instalment instalments
If you pay for something in instalments , you pay small sums of money at regular intervals over a period of time, rather than paying the whole amount at once.

- The first instalment of £1 per share is payable on application.

- ...the first month's interest instalment on the loan.

N-COUNT (AM) installment

2. instalment instalments
An instalment of a story or plan is one of its parts that are published or carried out separately one after the other.

- The next instalment of this four-part series deals with the impact of the war on the continent of Africa.

N-COUNT (AM) installment
= part

instalment

noun

portion

chapter

division

episode

part

repayment

section

instance

[D.J.:ˈinstəns]

[K.K.:ˈɪnstəns]

n.

例子, 实例

instance ****

1. instance
You use for instance to introduce a particular event, situation, or person that is an example of what you are talking about.

- In sub-Saharan Africa today, for instance, gross investment accounts for roughly 15% of national income.

- Let your child make some of the small decisions concerning his daily routine. For instance, allow him to choose what clothes he wears at the weekend.

PHR: PHR with cl/group
= for example

2. instance instances
An instance is a particular example or occurrence of something.

- She cited an instance where their training had been a marvelous help in dealing with problems.

- ...an investigation into a serious instance of corruption.

N-COUNT

3. instance
You say in the first instance to mention something that is the first step in a series of actions.

- In the first instance your child will be seen by an ear, nose and throat specialist.

- The post was for one year in the first instance with possible renewal to a further year.

PHR: PHR with cl

4. instance
If you do something at someone's instance , you do it because they have ordered or requested you to do it. (FORMAL)

- The rally was organised at the instance of two senior cabinet ministers.

PHR: usu PHR after v
= at someone's request

instance

noun

1.

example

case

illustration

occasion

occurrence

situation

verb

2.

quote

adduce

cite

mention

name

specify

instant

[D.J.:ˈinstənt]

[K.K.:ˈɪnstənt]

n.

片刻, 顷刻, 刹那

adj.

立即的

即食的, 立即可冲食的

instantly

[D.J.:ˈɪnstəntli:]

[K.K.:ˈɪnstəntli]

adv.

立刻,立即;马上

instant ***

1. instant instants
An instant is an extremely short period of time.

- For an instant, Catherine was tempted to flee.

- The pain disappeared in an instant.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= moment

2. instant
If you say that something happens at a particular instant , you mean that it happens at exactly the time you have been referring to, and you are usually suggesting that it happens quickly or immediately.

- At that instant the museum was plunged into total darkness.

- In the same instant he flung open the car door.

N-SING: with supp, usu at/in N
= moment

3. instant
To do something the instant something else happens means to do it immediately.

- I had bolted the door the instant I had seen the bat.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD emphasis
= the minute

4. instant
You use instant to describe something that happens immediately.

- Mr Porter's book was an instant hit.

- He had taken an instant dislike to Mortlake.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= immediate

5. instantly

- The man was killed instantly.

- The songs are instantly recognisable.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

6. instant
Instant food is food that you can prepare very quickly, for example by just adding water.

- He was stirring instant coffee into two mugs of hot water.

ADJ: ADJ n

instant

noun

1.

second

flash

jiffy informal

moment

split second

trice

twinkling of an eye informal

2.

juncture

moment

occasion

point

time

adjective

3.

immediate

direct

instantaneous

on-the-spot

prompt

quick

split-second

4.

precooked

convenience

fast

ready-mixed

instantly

adverb

immediately

at once

directly

instantaneously

now

right away

straight away

this minute

instantaneous

[D.J.:ˌɪnstənˈteinjəs]

[K.K.:ˌɪnstənˈteniəs]

adj.

瞬间发生的, 即刻的

instantaneously

[D.J.:ˌɪnstənˈteɪnjəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˌɪnstənˈtenɪəslɪ]

adv.

即刻;突如其来地

instantaneous *

1. instantaneous
Something that is instantaneous happens immediately and very quickly.

- Death was not instantaneous because none of the bullets hit the heart.

ADJ-GRADED
= immediate

2. instantaneously

- Airbags inflate instantaneously on impact to form a cushion between the driver and the steering column.

ADV: ADV with v

instantaneous

adjective

immediate

direct

instant

on-the-spot

prompt

instantaneously

adverb

immediately

at once

instantly

in the twinkling of an eye informal

on the spot

promptly

straight away

instant replay

instant replay instant replays
An instant replay is a repeated showing, usually in slow motion, of an event that has just been on television. (AM; in BRIT use action replay )
N-COUNT

instead

[D.J.:inˈsted]

[K.K.:ɪnˈstɛd]

adv.

代替; 顶替

instead ****

1. instead
If you do one thing instead of another, you do the first thing and not the second thing, as the result of a choice or a change of behaviour.

- She had to spend nearly four months away from him that summer, instead of the usual two.

- Check-out workers in London will receive £7.17 an hour instead of £7.54.

- They raised prices and cut production, instead of cutting costs.

- Instead of going to work thinking that it will be totally boring, try to be positive.

PHR-PREP: PREP n/-ing
= as opposed to

2. instead
If you do not do something, but do something else instead , you do the second thing and not the first thing, as the result of a choice or a change of behaviour.

- He reached for the wine but did not drink, pushed it, instead, across the table towards Joanna.

- The kitchen might have been workable had Nicola kept it tidy; instead it was littered with pots and pans.

- My husband asked why I couldn't just forget about dieting all the time and eat normally instead.

ADV: ADV with cl

instead

adverb

1.

rather

alternatively

in lieu

in preference

on second thoughts

preferably

instead of

2.

in place of

in lieu of

rather than

instep

[D.J.:ˈinstep]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌstɛp]

n.

脚背,脚背形的东西

instep

instep insteps
Your instep is the middle part of your foot, where it arches upwards.
N-COUNT

instigate

[D.J.:ˈɪnstɪˌgeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɪnstɪˌɡet]

vt.

使(某事物)开始或发生;鼓动

instigation

[D.J.:ˌɪnstɪˈ geɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnstəˈɡeʃən]

n.

煽动

教唆

instigate *

1. instigate instigates instigating instigated
Someone who instigates an event causes it to happen.

- Jenkinson instigated a refurbishment of the old gallery.

- The violence over the last forty-eight hours was instigated by ex-members of the secret police.

VB
= bring about

2. instigation

- The talks are taking place at the instigation of Germany.

- At Kukhar's instigation he joined the restaurant as an apprentice chef.

N-UNCOUNT: usu at/on N with poss

instigate

verb

provoke

bring about

incite

influence

initiate

prompt

set off

start

stimulate

trigger

instigation

noun

prompting

behest

bidding

encouragement

incitement

urging

instigator

n.

煽动者

instigator

instigator instigators
The instigator of an event is the person who causes it to happen.

- He was accused of being the main instigator of the coup.

- ...the key instigators of reform.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

instigator

noun

ringleader

agitator

leader

motivator

prime mover

troublemaker

instil

[D.J.:ɪnˈstɪl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈstɪl]

vt.

逐渐使某人获得(某种可取的品质);逐步灌输

instil *

instil instils instilling instilled
If you instil an idea or feeling into someone, especially over a period of time, you make them think it or feel it.

- They hope that their work will instil a sense of responsibility in children.

- They attempt to instil fear in people and discourage freedom of thought.

VB (AM) instill
= implant

instil

verb

introduce

engender

imbue

implant

inculcate

infuse

insinuate

instinct

[D.J.:ˈinstiŋkt]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌstɪŋkt]

n.

本能; 天性; 直觉

instinct **

1. instinct instincts
Instinct is the natural tendency that a person or animal has to behave or react in a particular way.

- I didn't have as strong a maternal instinct as some other mothers.

- The basis for training relies on the dog's natural instinct to hunt and retrieve.

- He always knew what time it was, as if by instinct.

N-VAR

2. instinct instincts
If you have an instinct for something, you are naturally good at it or able to do it.

- Farmers are increasingly losing touch with their instinct for managing the land.

- Irene is so incredibly musical and has a natural instinct to perform.

N-COUNT: oft N for n/-ing, N to-inf
= aptitude

3. instinct instincts
If it is your instinct to do something, you feel that it is right to do it.

- I should've gone with my first instinct, which was not to do the interview.

- She hadn't followed her instinct and because of this Frank was dead.

N-VAR: usu with poss, oft N to-inf
= gut feeling

4. instinct instincts
Instinct is a feeling that you have that something is the case, rather than an opinion or idea based on facts.

- There is scientific evidence to support our instinct that being surrounded by plants is good for health.

- He seems so honest and genuine and my every instinct says he's not.

N-VAR: oft N that
= intuition

instinct

noun

intuition

faculty

gift

impulse

knack

predisposition

proclivity

talent

tendency

instinctive

[D.J.:ɪnˈstɪŋktɪv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈstɪŋktɪv]

adj.

凭本能的,天生的,直觉的

instinctively

adv.

本能地

instinctively

[D.J.:ɪnˈstɪ ŋktɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈstɪ ŋktɪvlɪ]

adv.

(出于)本能地;凭直觉

instinctive **

1. instinctive
An instinctive feeling, idea, or action is one that you have or do without thinking or reasoning.

- It's an absolutely instinctive reaction -- if a child falls you pick it up.

- Ms Senatorova showed an instinctive feel for market economics.

ADJ
= automatic natural

2. instinctively

- Jane instinctively knew all was not well with her 10-month old son.

ADV: ADV with v

instinctive

adjective

inborn

automatic

inherent

innate

intuitive

involuntary

natural

reflex

spontaneous

unpremeditated

visceral

instinctively

adverb

intuitively

automatically

by instinct

involuntarily

naturally

without thinking

instinctual

[D.J.:inˈstiŋktʃuəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈstɪŋktʃuəl]

adj.

本能的

instinctual

instinctual
An instinctual feeling, action, or idea is one based on instinct. (WRITTEN)

- The relationship between a parent and a child is instinctual and stems from basic human nature.

ADJ

institute

[D.J.:ˈinstitju:t]

[K.K.:ˈɪnstɪˌtut, -ˌtjut]

vt.

建立, 制定; 开始, 着手

n.

协会, 学会; 学院, 研究院

institute ****

1. institute institutes
An institute is an organization set up to do a particular type of work, especially research or teaching. You can also use institute to refer to the building the organization occupies.

- ...the National Cancer Institute.

- ...an elite research institute devoted to computer software...

- Directly in front of the institute is Kelly Ingram Park.

N-COUNT: oft in names

2. institute institutes instituting instituted
If you institute a system, rule, or course of action, you start it. (FORMAL)

- We will institute a number of measures to better safeguard the public.

- Hormone replacement therapy is very important and should be instituted early.

VB

institute

noun

1.

society

academy

association

college

foundation

guild

institution

school

verb

2.

establish

fix

found

initiate

introduce

launch

organize

originate

pioneer

set up

start

institution

[D.J.:ˌɪnstiˈtju:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən, -ˈtju-]

n.

惯例, 习俗; 制度

为人熟知常在某处的人

知名人士, 名流

慈善机构

建立, 制定

institution ****

1. institution institutions
An institution is a large important organization such as a university, church, or bank.

- ...the Institution of Civil Engineers...

- Class size varies from one type of institution to another.

- The Hong Kong Bank is Hong Kong's largest financial institution.

N-COUNT: oft in names

2. institution institutions
An institution is a building where certain people are looked after, for example people who are mentally ill or children who have no parents.

- He was transferred to Shoal Creek Mental Institution for an indefinite period.

- Larry has been in an institution since he was four.

- He visited various penal institutions in the United Kingdom in the late 1930s.

N-COUNT: oft in names

3. institution institutions
An institution is a custom or system that is considered an important or typical feature of a particular society or group, usually because it has existed for a long time.

- I believe in the institution of marriage.

- ...the institution of the family.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

4. institution
The institution of a new system is the act of starting it or bringing it in.

- There was never an official institution of censorship in Albania.

- ...the institution of the forty-hour week.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

institution

noun

1.

establishment

academy

college

foundation

institute

school

society

2.

custom

convention

law

practice

ritual

rule

tradition

institutional

[D.J.:ˌɪnstiˈtju:ʃənəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl, -ˈtju-]

adj.

由来已久的, 习以为常的; 公共机构的; 慈善机构的

institutional **

1. institutional
Institutional means relating to a large organization, for example a university, bank, or church.

- NATO remains the United States' chief institutional anchor in Europe.

- The share price will be determined by bidding from institutional investors.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. institutional
Institutional means relating to a building where people are looked after or held.

- Outside the protected environment of institutional care he could not survive.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. institutional
An institutional value or quality is considered an important and typical feature of a particular society or group, usually because it has existed for a long time.

- ...social and institutional values.

ADJ: ADJ n

institutional

adjective

conventional

accepted

established

formal

orthodox

institutionalize

[D.J.:ˌɪnstiˈtju:ʃənəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəˌlaɪz, -ˈtju-]

vt.

使(某事物)制度化

将(某人)收容在社会福利机构

institutionalize *

1. institutionalize institutionalizes institutionalizing institutionalized
If someone such as a sick, mentally ill, or old person is institutionalized , they are sent to stay in a special hospital or home, usually for a long period.

- She became seriously ill and had to be institutionalized for a lengthy period.

- She saw herself as a failure and had been institutionalized once for depression.

- ...institutionalized kids with medical problems.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also institutionalise

2. institutionalization

- For Arnie, institutionalization was necessary when his wife became both blind and violent.

N-UNCOUNT

3. institutionalize institutionalizes institutionalizing institutionalized
To institutionalize something means to establish it as part of a culture, social system, or organization.

- The goal is to institutionalize family planning into community life.

- In the first century there was no such thing as institutionalized religion.

VB (BRIT) also institutionalise

4. institutionalization

- The political and economic situation demanded the institutionalization of social change.

N-UNCOUNT

instruct

[D.J.:inˈstrʌkt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈstrʌkt]

vt.

命令, 指示

教, 指导

通知

instruct **

1. instruct instructs instructing instructed
If you instruct someone to do something, you formally tell them to do it. (FORMAL)

- The family has instructed solicitors to sue Thomson for compensation.

- `Go and have a word with her, Ken,' Webb instructed.

- I want you to instruct them that they've got three months to get the details sorted out.

VB

2. instruct instructs instructing instructed
Someone who instructs people in a subject or skill teaches it to them.

- He instructed family members in nursing techniques.

VB

instruct

verb

1.

order

bid

charge

command

direct

enjoin

tell

2.

teach

coach

drill

educate

ground

school

train

tutor

instruction

[D.J.:inˈstrʌkʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈstrʌkʃən]

n.

命令, 指示

讲授, 指导, 教学

使用说明书, 操作指南

instructions

[inˈstrʌkʃənz]

n.

操作指南；用法说明

instruction ***

1. instruction instructions
An instruction is something that someone tells you to do.

- ...two lawyers were told not to leave the building but no reason for this instruction was given.

N-COUNT

2. instruction
If someone gives you instruction in a subject or skill, they teach it to you. (FORMAL)

- Each candidate is given instruction in safety.

- All schoolchildren must now receive some religious instruction.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

3. instruction instructions
Instructions are clear and detailed information on how to do something.

- This book gives instructions for making a wide range of skin and hand creams.

N-PLURAL
= directions

instruction

noun

1.

teaching

coaching

education

grounding

guidance

lesson(s)

schooling

training

tuition

2.

order

command

demand

directive

injunction

mandate

ruling

instructions

plural noun

orders

advice

directions

guidance

information

key

recommendations

rules

instructional

[inˈstrʌkʃənəl]

adj.

指导的,教育的

instructional

instructional
Instructional books or films are meant to teach people something or to offer them help with a particular problem.

- ...instructional material designed to help you with your lifestyle...

- You may wish to take advantage of our instructional session.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

instructive

[D.J.:ɪnˈstrʌktɪv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈstrʌktɪv]

adj.

有益的,供给知识的,教育的

instructively

adv.

有益地,有教益地

instructiveness

n.

教育,指导性

instructively

adv.

教育地,有益地

instructive *

instructive
Something that is instructive gives useful information.

- It's instructive to compare his technique with Alan Bennett's.

- ...an entertaining and instructive documentary.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

instructive

adjective

informative

edifying

educational

enlightening

helpful

illuminating

revealing

useful

instructor

[D.J.:ɪnˈstrʌktə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈstrʌktɚ]

n.

指导者,教师

instructor **

instructor instructors
An instructor is someone who teaches a skill such as driving or skiing. In American English, instructor can also be used to refer to a schoolteacher or to a university teacher of low rank.

- I recommend that you drive under tuition from an approved driving instructor.

N-COUNT: oft n N

instructor

noun

teacher

adviser

coach

demonstrator

guide

mentor

trainer

tutor

instrument

[D.J.:ˈinstrumənt]

[K.K.:ˈɪnstrəmənt]

n.

器具, 仪器

乐器

被外界所利用的人[物], 傀儡

正式的文件, 文书

instrument ***

1. instrument instruments
An instrument is a tool or device that is used to do a particular task, especially a scientific task.

- ...a thin tube-like optical instrument.

- ...instruments for cleaning and polishing teeth...

- The environment itself will at the same time be measured by about 60 scientific instruments.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. instrument instruments
A musical instrument is an object such as a piano, guitar, or flute, which you play in order to produce music.

- Learning a musical instrument introduces a child to an understanding of music.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

3. instrument instruments
An instrument is a device that is used for making measurements of something such as speed, height, or sound, for example on a ship or plane or in a car.

- The design of crucial instruments on the control panel will have to be improved.

- ...navigation instruments.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

4. instrument instruments
Something that is an instrument for achieving a particular aim is used by people to achieve that aim.

- The veto has been a traditional instrument of diplomacy for centuries.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

instrument

noun

1.

tool

apparatus

appliance

contraption informal

device

gadget

implement

mechanism

2.

means

agency

agent

mechanism

medium

organ

vehicle

instrumental

[D.J.:ˌɪnstruˈmentl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnstrəˈmɛntl]

adj.

为器乐谱写的; 用乐器演奏的

有帮助的, 起作用的

instrumental *

1. instrumental
Someone or something that is instrumental in a process or event helps to make it happen.

- In his first years as chairman he was instrumental in raising the company's wider profile.

- Jesse Jackson was instrumental in the release of some of the hostages.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ in -ing/n

2. instrumental
Instrumental music is performed by instruments and not by voices.

- ...a cassette recording of vocal and instrumental music.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. instrumental instrumentals
Instrumentals are pieces of instrumental music.

- After a couple of brief instrumentals, he puts his guitar down.

N-COUNT: usu pl

instrumental

adjective

active

contributory

helpful

influential

involved

useful

instrumentalist

[D.J.:ˈɪnstrʊməntəlɪst]

[K.K.:ˌɪnstrəˈm ɛnt l..ɪst]

n.

器乐家;乐器演奏者

<哲>工具主义者

adj.

<哲>工具主义(者)的

instrumentalist

instrumentalist instrumentalists
An instrumentalist is someone who plays a musical instrument.
N-COUNT
= musician

instrumentation

[D.J.:ˌɪnstrumen-ˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnstrəmɛnˈteʃən]

n.

器乐的谱曲

测量仪器, 仪表

instrumentation *

1. instrumentation
Instrumentation is a group or collection of instruments, usually ones that are part of the same machine.

- Basic flight instrumentation was similar on both planes.

- Now with this particular piece of instrumentation, you can actually spot individual carbon atoms.

N-UNCOUNT

2. instrumentation
The instrumentation of a piece of music is the way in which it is written for different instruments.

- Some of the instrumentation is exquisite, particularly for harp and flute.

N-UNCOUNT

instrument panel

instrument panel instrument panels
The instrument panel of a plane, car, or machine is the panel where the dials and switches are located.

- They had failed to recognise signs on their instrument panel indicating a serious problem in the left engine.

N-COUNT

insubordinate

[D.J.:ˌɪnsəˈbɔ:dnɪt]

[K.K.:ˌɪnsəˈbɔrdnɪt]

adj.

不服从的

违抗的

insubordination

n.

insubordination

n.

不顺从,反抗

insubordinate

insubordinate
If you say that someone is insubordinate , you mean that they do not obey someone of higher rank. (FORMAL)

- In industry, a worker who is grossly insubordinate is threatened with discharge.

ADJ-GRADED

insubordinate

adjective

disobedient

defiant

disorderly

mutinous

rebellious

recalcitrant

refractory

undisciplined

ungovernable

unruly

insubordination

insubordination
Insubordination is a refusal to obey someone of higher rank. (FORMAL)

- Hansen and his partner were fired for insubordination.

N-UNCOUNT

insubordination

noun

disobedience

defiance

indiscipline

insurrection

mutiny

rebellion

recalcitrance

revolt

insubstantial

[D.J.:ˌɪnsəbˈstænʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnsəbˈstænʃəl]

adj.

无实体的,无实质的

非实在的

insubstantial

insubstantial
Something that is insubstantial is not large, solid, or strong.

- Mars has an insubstantial atmosphere, consisting almost entirely of carbon dioxide.

- Her limbs were insubstantial, almost transparent.

ADJ-GRADED

insubstantial

adjective

flimsy

feeble

frail

poor

slight

tenuous

thin

weak

insufferable

[D.J.:ɪnˈsʌfərəbəl, -ˈsʌfrə-]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsʌfərəbəl, -ˈsʌfrə-]

adj.

难以忍受的;令人不能容忍的

insufferably

adv.

insufferably

adv.

不能忍受地

insufferable

1. insufferable
If you say that someone or something is insufferable , you are emphasizing that they are very unpleasant or annoying. (FORMAL)

- Everyone agreed that he was a most insufferable bore.

ADJ emphasis
= unbearable

2. insufferably

- His letters are insufferably dull.

- He found most of them insufferably arrogant.

ADV: ADV adj

insufferable

adjective

unbearable

detestable

dreadful

impossible

insupportable

intolerable

unendurable

insufficiency

[D.J.:ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənsi:]

[K.K.:ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənsi]

n.

不充足,不足

insufficient

[D.J.:ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt]

[K.K.:ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt]

adj.

不足的,不够的

insufficiently

adv.

不够地,不能胜任地

insufficient **

1. insufficient
Something that is insufficient is not large enough in amount or degree for a particular purpose. (FORMAL)

- He decided there was insufficient evidence to justify criminal proceedings.

- These efforts were insufficient to contain the burgeoning crisis.

ADJ: oft ADJ to-inf, ADJ for n
= inadequate

2. insufficiency

- Late miscarriages are usually not due to hormonal insufficiency.

N-UNCOUNT

3. insufficiently

- Food that is insufficiently cooked can lead to food poisoning.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

insufficient

adjective

inadequate

deficient

incapable

lacking

scant

short

insular

[D.J.:ˈɪnsələ, ˈɪnsjə-]

[K.K.:ˈɪnsəlɚ, ˈɪnsjə-]

adj.

岛的;岛上的

褊狭的,不愿与他人接触的

insularity

[D.J.:ˈɪnsjʊˈlærɪtɪ]

[K.K.:ˌɪnsəˈlærətɪ]

n.

岛国

岛国根性

孤立

偏狭

insular *

1. insular
If you say that someone is insular , you are being critical of them because they are unwilling to meet new people or to consider new ideas.

- The old image of the insular, xenophobic Brit has altered dramatically with this new Euro-conscious generation.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= blinkered

2. insularity

- But at least they have started to break out of their old insularity.

N-UNCOUNT

insular

adjective

narrow-minded

blinkered

circumscribed

inward-looking

limited

narrow

parochial

petty

provincial

insulate

[D.J.:ˈinsjuleit]

[K.K.:ˈɪnsəˌlet, ˈɪnsjə-]

vt.

使绝缘, 使隔热

使隔离, 使隔绝

insulated

[ˈinsjuleitid]

adj.

绝缘的;隔热的

insulating

adj.

绝缘的

insulation

[D.J.:ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən, ˌɪnsjə-]

[K.K.:ˌɪnsəˈleʃən, ˌɪnsjə-]

n.

隔离, 隔绝;绝缘;隔音

绝缘、隔热或隔音等的材料

insulate *

1. insulate insulates insulating insulated
If a person or group is insulated from the rest of society or from outside influences, they are protected from them.

- They wonder if their community is no longer insulated from big city problems.

- Their wealthy families had further insulated them from reality with the privilege that money could buy.

VB
= shield

2. insulation

- They lived in happy insulation from brutal facts.

N-UNCOUNT

3. insulate insulates insulating insulated
To insulate something such as a building means to protect it from cold or noise by covering it or surrounding it in a thick layer.

- It will take almost 25 years to insulate the homes of the six million households that require this assistance.

- Is there any way we can insulate our home from the noise?.

- Are your hot and cold water pipes well insulated?

- ...a garment lined with a light insulating material.

VB

4. insulate insulates insulating insulated
If a piece of equipment is insulated , it is covered with rubber or plastic to prevent electricity passing through it and giving the person using it an electric shock.

- In order to make it safe, the element is electrically insulated.

- ...electrical insulating tape.

VB

insulation *

insulation
Insulation is a thick layer of a substance that keeps something warm, especially a building.

- High electricity bills point to a poor heating system or bad insulation.

- A wet suit provides excellent insulation.

N-UNCOUNT
See also insulate .

insulate

verb

isolate

close off

cocoon

cushion

cut off

protect

sequester

shield

insulator

[D.J.:ˈɪnsəˌleɪtə, ˈɪnsjə-]

[K.K.:ˈɪnsəˌletɚ, ˈɪnsjə-]

n.

绝缘、隔热或隔音等的物质或装置

insulator

insulator insulators
An insulator is a material that insulates something.

- Fat is an excellent insulator against the cold.

N-COUNT: usu sing

insulin

[D.J.:ˈɪnsəlɪn]

[K.K.:ˈɪnsəlɪn]

n.

胰岛素

insulin *

insulin
Insulin is a substance that most people produce naturally in their body and which controls the level of sugar in their blood.

- Sufferers from the more severe form of diabetes have faulty insulin-producing cells.

N-UNCOUNT

insult

[D.J.:inˈsʌlt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsʌlt]

vt.

侮辱, 冒犯

[ˈinsʌlt]

n.

侮辱, 辱骂, 侮辱性的言论

insulting

[D.J.:inˈsʌltiŋ]

adj.

出言不逊的, 侮辱的, 无礼的

insultingly

adv.

侮辱地,无礼地

insult **

1. insult insults insulting insulted
If someone insults you, they say or do something that is rude or offensive.

- I did not mean to insult you.

- Buchanan said he was insulted by the judge's remarks.

VB

2. insulted

- I mean, I was a bit insulted that they thought I needed bribing to shut up.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

3. insult insults
An insult is a rude remark, or something a person says or does which insults you.

- Their behaviour was an insult to the people they represent.

- The prison Governor criticised some of his officers who shouted insults at prisoners on the roof.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

4. insult
You say to add insult to injury when mentioning an action or fact that makes an unfair or unacceptable situation even worse.

- The driver of the car that killed Smith got a £250 fine and five penalty points on his licence. To add insult to injury, he drove away from court in his own car.

PHR: V inflects, PHR with cl

insulting *

1. insulting
Something that is insulting is rude or offensive.

- The article was politically insensitive and possibly insulting to the families of British citizens.

- One of the apprentices made an insulting remark to a passing officer.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
= offensive

2. insultingly

- Anthony laughed loudly and insultingly.

- I have rarely read anything so insultingly sexist as this article.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

insult

verb

1.

offend

abuse

affront

call names

put down

slander

slight

snub

noun

2.

abuse

affront

aspersion

insolence

offence

put-down

slap in the face informal

slight

snub

insulting

adjective

offensive

abusive

contemptuous

degrading

disparaging

insolent

rude

scurrilous

insuperability

n.

不能制胜,不能克服

insuperable

[D.J.:ɪnˈsu:pərəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsupərəbəl]

adj.

不能逾越的;不能克服的

insuperability

n.

insuperably

adv.

insuperably

adv.

不能取胜地,不能超越地,无法克服地

insuperable

insuperable
A problem that is insuperable cannot be dealt with successfully. (FORMAL)

- They are also to discuss ways to overcome ethnic antagonism before it becomes an insuperable obstacle to co-operation.

ADJ
= insurmountable

insuperable

adjective

insurmountable

impassable

invincible

unconquerable

insupportable

[D.J.:ˌinsəˈpɔ:təbl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnsəˈpɔrtəbəl, -ˈpor-]

adj.

忍耐不住的,不能忍受的

insupportable

insupportable
If you say that something is insupportable , you mean that it cannot be coped with or accepted. (FORMAL)

- Too much spending on rearmament would place an insupportable burden on the nation's productive capacity.

- Life without Anna had no savour, was tedious, insupportable.

ADJ
= intolerable

insupportable

adjective

1.

intolerable

insufferable

unbearable

unendurable

2.

unjustifiable

indefensible

untenable

insurance

[D.J.:inˈʃuərəns]

[K.K.:ɪnˈʃʊrəns]

n.

保险

保险业

保险费

保险措施, 安全保障

insurance ****

1. insurance insurances
Insurance is an arrangement in which you pay money to a company, and they pay money to you if something unpleasant happens to you, for example if your property is stolen or damaged, or if you get a serious illness.

- The insurance company paid out for the stolen jewellery and silver.

- The individual may take out insurance on the lenses, covering replacement if they are lost or damaged.

N-VAR: oft N n

2. insurance insurances
If you do something as insurance against something unpleasant happening, you do it to protect yourself in case the unpleasant thing happens.

- The country would continue to need a robust defence capability as insurance against the unexpected.

N-VAR: usu N against n

insurance

noun

protection

assurance

cover

guarantee

indemnity

safeguard

security

warranty

insurance adjuster

insurance adjuster insurance adjusters
An insurance adjuster is the same as a claims adjuster . (AM; in BRIT use loss adjuster )
N-COUNT

insure

[D.J.:inˈʃuə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈʃʊr]

vt.

保证, 确保

为…保险, 投保

insured

[D.J.:inˈʃuəd]

[K.K.:ɪnˈʃʊrd]

n.

被保险者,保户

adj.

加入保险的

insure **

1. insure insures insuring insured
If you insure yourself or your property, you pay money to an insurance company so that, if you become ill or if your property is damaged or stolen, the company will pay you a sum of money.

- For protection against unforeseen emergencies, you insure your house, your furnishings and your car.

- While many people insure against death, far fewer take precautions against long-term loss of income because of sickness.

- We automatically insure your furniture, belongings and decorations against theft, fire, vandalism or burst pipes.

VB

2. insure insures insuring insured
If you insure yourself against something unpleasant that might happen in the future, you do something to protect yourself in case it happens, or to prevent it happening.

- ...if he can further insure himself against ambitious party rivals by achieving a strong election result in his home state next April...

- All the electronics in the world cannot insure against accidents, though.

VB

insured

insured
The insured is the person who is insured by a particular policy. (LEGAL)

- Once the insured has sold his policy, he naturally loses all rights to it.

N-COUNT: usu sing, the N insured is both the singular and the plural form

insure

verb

protect

assure

cover

guarantee

indemnify

underwrite

warrant

insurer

[D.J.:inˈʃuərə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈʃʊrɚ]

n.

承保人, 保险公司

insurer **

insurer insurers
An insurer is a company that sells insurance.
N-COUNT

insurgency

[D.J.:inˈsə:dʒənsi]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsɚdʒənsi]

n.

叛乱,叛乱状态

insurgent

[D.J.:ɪnˈsɜ:dʒənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈsə..dʒənt]

adj.

起义的,叛乱的,造反的

insurgency

n.

起义,暴动,造反

insurgency *

insurgency insurgencies
An insurgency is a violent attempt to oppose a country's government carried out by citizens of that country. (FORMAL)

- ... both countries were threatened with communist insurgencies in the 1960s.

N-VAR
= uprising insurrection

insurgent *

insurgent insurgents
Insurgents are people who are fighting against the government or army of their own country. (FORMAL)

- By early yesterday, the insurgents had taken control of the country's main military air base.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= rebel

insurgent

noun

1.

rebel

insurrectionist

mutineer

revolutionary

rioter

adjective

2.

rebellious

disobedient

insubordinate

mutinous

revolting

revolutionary

riotous

seditious

insurmountable

[D.J.:ˌɪnsəˈmaʊntəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪnsɚˈmaʊntəbəl]

adj.

不可逾越的

insurmountable

insurmountable
A problem that is insurmountable is so great that it cannot be dealt with successfully.

- Philadelphia's fiscal crisis doesn't seem like an insurmountable problem.

ADJ
= insuperable

insurmountable

adjective

insuperable

hopeless

impassable

impossible

invincible

overwhelming

unconquerable

insurrection

[D.J.:ˌɪnsəˈrekʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnsəˈrɛkʃən]

n.

起义, 暴动, 叛乱, 造反

insurrection *

insurrection insurrections
An insurrection is violent action that is taken by a large group of people against the rulers of their country, usually in order to remove them from office. (FORMAL)

- They were plotting to stage an armed insurrection if negotiations with the government should fail.

- Those found guilty of rebellion and insurrection will be sentenced to life imprisonment.

N-VAR
= uprising insurgency

insurrection

noun

rebellion

coup

insurgency

mutiny

revolt

revolution

riot

uprising

int

abbr.

International organizations 国际组织

int

abbr.

International organizations 国际组织

int. *

int.
Int. is an abbreviation for internal or for international .

intact

[D.J.:inˈtækt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtækt]

adj.

完整无缺的; 未经触动的; 未受损伤的

intact **

intact
Something that is intact is complete and has not been damaged or changed.

- Customs men put dynamite in the water to destroy the cargo, but most of it was left intact.

- If the family unit is still intact, the patient frequently does very well.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ
= in one piece

intact

adjective

undamaged

complete

entire

perfect

sound

unbroken

unharmed

unimpaired

unscathed

whole

intake

[D.J.:ˈinteik]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌtek]

n.

吸入, 纳入

(液体等)进入口

(一定时期内)进入或纳入的人数

intake **

1. intake
Your intake of a particular kind of food, drink, or air is the amount that you eat, drink, or breathe in.

- Your intake of alcohol should not exceed two units per day.

- Reduce your salt intake.

N-SING: with supp, oft N of n

2. intake intakes
The people who are accepted into an organization or place at a particular time are referred to as a particular intake .

- ...one of this year's intake of students...

- There was a proposal in the United States to quadruple its annual intake of immigrants.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp, oft N of n

3. intake
When someone takes an intake of breath , they breathe in quickly and noisily, usually because they are shocked at something.

- I heard, even over the babble of the crowd, a sharp, shocked intake of breath.

PHR

intangible

[D.J.:ɪnˈtændʒəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtændʒəbəl]

adj.

难以捉摸的, 难以理解的, 无法确定的

<商>(指企业资产)无形的

intangible *

1. intangible
Something that is intangible is abstract or is hard to define or measure.

- ...the intangible and non-material dimensions of our human and social existence.

ADJ-GRADED

2. intangible intangibles
You can refer to intangible things as intangibles .

- That approach fails to take into consideration intangibles such as pride of workmanship, loyalty and good work habits.

N-PLURAL

integer

[D.J.:ˈɪntɪdʒə]

[K.K.:ˈɪntɪdʒɚ]

n.

整数

integer

integer integers
In mathematics, an integer is an exact whole number such as 1, 7, or 24 as opposed to a number with fractions or decimals. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

integral

[D.J.:ˈintiɡrəl]

[K.K.:ˈɪntɪɡrəl, ɪnˈtɛɡrəl]

adj.

构成整体所必需的

integral *

integral
Something that is an integral part of something is an essential part of that thing.

- Rituals and festivals form an integral part of every human society.

- Anxiety is integral to the human condition.

ADJ: oft ADJ to n
= basic fundamental

integral

adjective

essential

basic

component

constituent

fundamental

indispensable

intrinsic

necessary

integrate

[D.J.:ˈintiɡreit]

[K.K.:ˈɪntɪˌɡret]

vt.

使结合成为整体

vt. & vi.

(使)融入

integrated

[D.J.:ˈɪntɪgreɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈɪntɪɡretɪd]

adj.

整体的；完全的；综合的；集成的；整合的

结合的；连成一体的

互相协调的

integration

[D.J.:ˌɪntɪˈgreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɪˈɡreʃən]

n.

结合;整合;一体化

(不同肤色、种族、宗教信仰等的人的)混合,融合

integrate ***

1. integrate integrates integrating integrated
If someone integrates into a social group, or is integrated into it, they behave in such a way that they become part of the group or are accepted into it.

- He didn't integrate successfully into the Italian way of life.

- Integrating the kids with the community, finding them a role, is essential.

- The way Swedes integrate immigrants is, she feels, 100% more advanced.

- If they want to integrate, that's fine with me.

V-ERG

2. integrated

- He thinks we are living in a fully integrated, supportive society.

ADJ-GRADED

3. integration

- Americans overwhelmingly support the integration of disabled people into mainstream society.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

4. integrate integrates integrating integrated
When races integrate or when schools and organizations are integrated , people who are black or belong to ethnic minorities can join white people in their schools and organizations. (AM)

- In some of the school cases, plaintiffs and the local NAACP had come to us because they wanted to integrate.

- Encouraging teacher transfer would not, by itself, integrate the teaching corps.

V-ERG

5. integrated

- ...a black honor student in Chicago's integrated Lincoln Park High School.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. integration

- Lots of people in Chicago don't see that racial border. They see progress towards integration.

N-UNCOUNT

7. integrate integrates integrating integrated
If you integrate one thing with another, or one thing integrates with another, the two things become closely linked or form part of a whole idea or system. You can also say that two things integrate .

- Integrating the pound with other European currencies could cause difficulties.

- Ann wanted the conservatory to integrate with the kitchen.

- Little attempt was made to integrate the parts into a coherent whole.

- Talks will now begin about integrating the activities of both companies.

V-RECIP-ERG

8. integrated

- There is, he said, a lack of an integrated national transport policy.

- ...a more integrated approach to land uses in a rural environment.

ADJ-GRADED

9. integration

- With Germany, France has been the prime mover behind closer European integration.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft adj N

integrated

integrated
An integrated institution is intended for use by all races or religious groups.

- We believe that pupils of integrated schools will have more tolerant attitudes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ segregated

See also integrate .

integrate

verb

combine

amalgamate

assimilate

blend

fuse

incorporate

join

merge

unite

integration

noun

assimilation

amalgamation

blending

combining

fusing

incorporation

mixing

unification

integrated circuit

integrated circuit integrated circuits
An integrated circuit is a very small electronic circuit printed on a single silicon chip. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

integrity

[D.J.:inˈteɡriti]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛɡrɪti]

n.

正直; 诚实, 诚恳

完整, 完全, 完善

integrity **

1. integrity
If you have integrity , you are honest and firm in your moral principles.

- I have always regarded him as a man of integrity.

- He was praised for his fairness and high integrity.

N-UNCOUNT

2. integrity
The integrity of something such as a group of people or a text is its state of being a united whole. (FORMAL)

- Separatist movements are a threat to the integrity of the nation.

N-UNCOUNT: with poss

integrity

noun

1.

honesty

goodness

honour

incorruptibility

principle

probity

purity

rectitude

uprightness

virtue

2.

unity

coherence

cohesion

completeness

soundness

wholeness

intellect

[D.J.:ˈintəlekt]

[K.K.:ˈɪntlˌɛkt]

n.

智力, 理解力

才智非凡的人; 知识分子

intellect *

1. intellect intellects
Intellect is the ability to understand or deal with ideas and information.

- Do the emotions develop in parallel with the intellect?.

- The intellect is not the most important thing in life.

N-VAR

2. intellect intellects
Intellect is the quality of being very intelligent or clever.

- Her intellect is famed far and wide.

- The members of the committee described Gates as a man of keen intellect.

N-VAR: oft poss N

3. intellect intellects
If you describe someone as an intellect , you mean that they are very intelligent.

- My boss isn't a great intellect.

N-COUNT

intellect

noun

intelligence

brains informal

judgment

mind

reason

sense

understanding

intellectual

[D.J.:ˌɪntiˈlektjuəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪntlˈɛktʃuəl]

adj.

智力的; 理智的, 善于思维的

n.

知识分子

intellectually

adv.

知性上,智力上

intellectual ***

1. intellectual
Intellectual means involving a person's ability to think and to understand ideas and information.

- High levels of lead could damage the intellectual development of children.

- He has written seven thrillers, and clearly enjoys intellectual pursuits.

ADJ: ADJ n
= mental

2. intellectually

- ...intellectually satisfying work...

- Intellectually, I was completely prepared for that type of work.

ADV: usu ADV adj/-ed, ADV after v

3. intellectual intellectuals
An intellectual is someone who spends a lot of time studying and thinking about complicated ideas.

- Teachers, artists and other intellectuals urged political parties to launch a united movement against the government.

N-COUNT

4. intellectual
Also an adjective.

- They were very intellectual and witty.

- ...an intellectual elite.

ADJ-GRADED

intellectual

adjective

1.

scholarly

bookish

cerebral

highbrow

intelligent

studious

thoughtful

noun

2.

thinker

academic

egghead informal

highbrow

intellectualize

[D.J.:ˌintiˈlektjuəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˌɪntlˈɛktʃuəˌlaɪz]

vt.

赋与理智,使知识化,使理智化

intellectualized

adj.

智能化的

intellectualize

intellectualize intellectualizes intellectualizing intellectualized
If someone intellectualizes a subject or issue, they consider it in an intellectual way, often when this is not appropriate.

- I tended to mistrust my emotions and intellectualize everything.

VB (BRIT) also intellectualise

intelligence

[D.J.:inˈtelidʒəns]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛlədʒəns]

n.

智力, 智慧; 理解力

情报, 消息

情报人员

intelligence ***

1. intelligence
Intelligence is the quality of being intelligent or clever.

- She's a woman of exceptional intelligence.

N-UNCOUNT

2. intelligence
Intelligence is the ability to think, reason, and understand instead of doing things automatically or by instinct.

- Nerve cells, after all, do not have intelligence of their own.

N-UNCOUNT

3. intelligence
Intelligence is information that is gathered by the government or the army about their country's enemies and their activities.

- She first moved into the intelligence services 22 years ago.

- The purpose of intelligence is to provide information on how the enemy can be beaten.

- Why was military intelligence so lacking?

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

intelligence

noun

1.

understanding

acumen

brain power

brains informal

cleverness

comprehension

intellect

perception

sense

2.

information

data

facts

findings

knowledge

news

notification

report

intelligent

[D.J.:inˈtelidʒənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛlədʒənt]

adj.

聪明的; 理解力强的

intelligently

adv.

聪明地

intelligent ***

1. intelligent
A person or animal that is intelligent has the ability to think, understand, and learn things quickly and well.

- Susan's a very bright and intelligent woman who knows her own mind.

- ...lively and intelligent conversation...

- He ventured the opinion that `whales are as intelligent as human beings'.

ADJ-GRADED
= clever

2. intelligently

- They are incapable of thinking intelligently about politics.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. intelligent
Something that is intelligent has the ability to think and understand instead of doing things automatically or by instinct.

- Within a few years an intelligent computer will certainly be an indispensable diagnostic tool for every doctor in the country.

- ...the biggest-ever search for intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.

ADJ

intelligent

adjective

clever

brainy informal

bright

enlightened

perspicacious

quick-witted

sharp

smart

well-informed

intelligentsia

[D.J.:ɪnˌteləˈdʒentsi:ə, -ˈgent-]

[K.K.:inˌtɛləˈdʒɛntsiə, -ˈɡɛnt-]

n.

(总称)知识界,知识阶层

intelligentsia *

intelligentsia
The intelligentsia in a country or community are the most educated people there, especially those interested in the arts, philosophy, and politics.

- I was not high up enough in the intelligentsia to be invited to such exalted meetings.

N-SING-COLL: usu the N

intelligentsia

noun

intellectuals

highbrows

literati

intelligible

[D.J.:inˈtelidʒəbl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒəbəl]

adj.

可理解的, 明白易懂的, 清楚的

intelligible

intelligible
Something that is intelligible can be understood.

- The language of Darwin was intelligible to experts and non-experts alike.

- The woman moaned faintly but made no intelligible response.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
≠ unintelligible

intelligible

adjective

understandable

clear

comprehensible

distinct

lucid

open

plain

intemperance

[D.J.:inˈtempərəns]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛmpərəns, -prəns]

n.

放纵

intemperate

[D.J.:ɪnˈtempərɪt, -prɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛmpərɪt, -prɪt]

adj.

不温和的,过度的

无节制的,放纵的,纵酒的

intemperance

n.

intemperate

intemperate
If you describe someone's words as intemperate , you are critical of them because they are too forceful and uncontrolled. (FORMAL)

- The tone of the article is intemperate.

- ...the unwisely intemperate language of the party chairman.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= extreme

intemperate

adjective

excessive

extreme

immoderate

profligate

self-indulgent

unbridled

unrestrained

wild

intend

[D.J.:inˈtend]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛnd]

vt.

意欲, 打算

打算使, 想让…做

intended

[D.J.:inˈtendid]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛndɪd]

adj.

有意的,故意的,已经订婚的

n.

已经订婚者

intending

[D.J.:inˈtendiŋ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛndɪŋ]

adj.

预计中的,未来的

intend ****

1. intend intends intending intended
If you intend to do something, you have decided or planned to do it.

- She intends to do A levels and go to university.

- I didn't intend coming to Germany to work.

- We had always intended that the new series would be live.

VB
= plan

2. intend intends intending intended
If something is intended for a particular purpose, it has been planned to fulfil that purpose. If something is intended for a particular person, it has been planned to be used by that person or to affect them in some way.

- This money is intended for the development of the tourist industry.

- Columns are usually intended in architecture to add grandeur and status.

- Originally, Hatfield had been intended as a leisure complex.

VB: usu passive
= plan

3. intend intends intending intended
If you intend a particular idea or feeling in something that you say or do, you want to express it or want it to be understood.

- He didn't intend any sarcasm.

- Burke's response seemed a little patronizing, though he undoubtedly hadn't intended it that way.

- This sounds like a barrage of accusation -- I don't intend it to be.

- I think he intended it as a put-down comment.

VB
= mean

intended *

intended
You use intended to describe the thing you are trying to achieve or person you are trying to affect.

- The intended target had been a military building.

- Keith hoped the obvious sarcasm would have its intended effect.

- It's never occurred to me that the intended victim of the fire was Margaret.

ADJ: ADJ n

intend

verb

plan

aim

have in mind or view

mean

propose

purpose

intense

[D.J.:inˈtens]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛns]

adj.

强烈的, 剧烈的; 极端的

热情的, 热切的

紧张的, 认真的

intensely

[D.J.:ɪnˈtenslɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈt ɛnslɪ]

adv.

强烈地;极度

强烈地;剧烈地；猛烈地

热情地;热切地

紧张地;认真地

intensity

[D.J.:inˈtensiti]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛnsɪti]

n.

强烈, 剧烈

(感情的)强烈程度

intense ***

1. intense
Intense is used to describe something that is very great or extreme in strength or degree.

- He was sweating from the intense heat.

- Suddenly the room filled with intense light.

- Stevens's murder was the result of a deep-seated and intense hatred.

- His threats become more intense, agitated, and frequent.

ADJ-GRADED
= extreme

2. intensely

- The fast-food business is intensely competitive.

ADV-GRADED

3. intensity intensities

- The attack was anticipated but its intensity came as a shock.

N-VAR: usu with poss

4. intense
If you describe an activity as intense , you mean that it is very serious and concentrated, and often involves doing a great deal in a short time.

- The battle for third place was intense.

- The military on both sides are involved in intense activity.

ADJ-GRADED

5. intense
If you describe the way someone looks at you as intense , you mean that they look at you very directly and seem to know what you are thinking or feeling.

- I felt so self-conscious under Luke's mother's intense gaze.

- He gazed at me with those intense blue eyes.

ADJ-GRADED
= forceful

6. intensely

- He sipped his drink, staring intensely at me.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

7. intense
If you describe a person as intense , you mean that they appear to concentrate very hard on everything that they do, and they feel and show their emotions in a very extreme way.

- I know he's an intense player, but he does enjoy what he's doing.

- She is taller than I imagined, more adult, more intense.

ADJ-GRADED
= impassioned

8. intensity

- His intensity and the ferocity of his feelings alarmed me.

N-UNCOUNT

intense

adjective

1.

extreme

acute

deep

excessive

fierce

great

powerful

profound

severe

2.

passionate

ardent

fanatical

fervent

fierce

heightened

impassioned

vehement

intensity

noun

force

ardour

emotion

fanaticism

fervour

fierceness

passion

strength

vehemence

intensifier

[D.J.:inˈtensifaiə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛnsəˌfaɪɚ]

n.

使更激烈之物,增强剂

intensifiers

含硼铁合金

intensifier

intensifier intensifiers
In grammar, an intensifier is a word such as `very' or `extremely' which you can put in front of an adjective or adverb in order to make its meaning stronger. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

intensification

[inˌtensifiˈkeiʃən]

n.

激烈化,增强明暗度

intensify

[D.J.:inˈtensifai]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛnsəˌfaɪ]

vt. & vi.

(使)增强, (使)加剧

intensifying

增强

intensify **

1. intensify intensifies intensifying intensified
If you intensify something or if it intensifies , it becomes greater in strength, amount, or degree.

- Britain is intensifying its efforts to secure the release of three British hostages.

- The conflict is almost bound to intensify.

- Groups of refugees are on the move following intensified fighting in the region.

V-ERG
= heighten

2. intensification

- The country was on the verge of collapse because of the intensification of violent rebel attacks.

N-UNCOUNT

intensify

verb

increase

add to

aggravate

deepen

escalate

heighten

magnify

redouble

reinforce

sharpen

strengthen

intensive

[D.J.:inˈtensiv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛnsɪv]

adj.

加强的, 集中的, 密集的

彻底的

加强语气的

intensively

[D.J.:ɪnˈtensɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈt ɛnsɪvlɪ]

adv.

强烈地;集中地

intensive **

1. intensive
Intensive activity involves concentrating a lot of effort or people on one particular task in order to try to achieve a great deal in a short time.

- ...after several days and nights of intensive negotiations...

- Each counsellor undergoes an intensive training programme before beginning work.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. intensively

- Ruth's parents opted to educate her intensively at home.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. intensive
Intensive farming involves producing as many crops or animals as possible from your land, usually with the aid of chemicals.

- Elsewhere large areas have been drained and levelled for industry or intensive farming.

- ...intensive methods of rearing poultry.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. intensively

- Will they farm the rest of their land less intensively?

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

intensive

adjective

concentrated

comprehensive

demanding

exhaustive

in-depth

thorough

thoroughgoing

-intensive

-intensive
-intensive combines with nouns to form adjectives which indicate that an industry or activity involves the use of a lot of a particular thing.

- ...the development of capital-intensive farming.

- ...energy-intensive industries.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

intensive care *

intensive care
If someone is in intensive care , they are being given extremely thorough care in a hospital because they are very ill or very badly injured.

- She spent the night in intensive care after the operation.

N-UNCOUNT: usu in N

intent

[D.J.:inˈtent]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛnt]

n.

意图, 意向, 目的

adj.

专心的, 专注的

意愿坚决的, 一心想…的

intently

[D.J.:ɪnˈtentlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈt ɛntlɪ]

adv.

专心地,专注地

热切地,热心地

intent **

1. intent
If you are intent on doing something, you are eager and determined to do it.

- The rebels are obviously intent on keeping up the pressure.

- The play starred a well-known retired actress who was intent on a come-back.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ on/upon -ing/n

2. intent
If someone does something in an intent way, they pay great attention to what they are doing. (WRITTEN)

- She looked from one intent face to another.

- Rodney had been intent on every word.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ on/upon n

3. intently

- He listened intently, then slammed down the phone.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

4. intent intents
A person's intent is their intention to do something. (FORMAL)

- The timing of this strong statement of intent on arms control is crucial.

- Two men will appear before Birmingham magistrates' court today charged with possession of arms with intent to endanger life.

N-VAR
= intention

5. intent
You say to all intents and purposes to suggest that a situation is not exactly as you describe it but the effect is the same as if it were.

- To all intents and purposes he was my father.

PHR: usu PHR with cl

intent

noun

1.

intention

aim

design

end

goal

meaning

object

objective

plan

purpose

adjective

2.

attentive

absorbed

determined

eager

engrossed

preoccupied

rapt

resolved

steadfast

watchful

intention

[D.J.:inˈtenʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛnʃən]

n.

意图, 意向; 目的; 打算

intention ***

1. intention intentions
An intention that you have is an idea or plan of what you are going to do.

- Beveridge announced his intention of standing for parliament.

- It is my intention to remain in my position until a successor is elected.

- Unfortunately, his good intentions never seemed to last long.

N-VAR: oft N of -ing, N to-inf

2. intention
If you say that you have no intention of doing something, you are emphasizing that you are not going to do it. If you say that you have every intention of doing something, you are emphasizing that you intend to do it.

- We have no intention of buying American jets.

- Those close to him are convinced that he has every intention of staying on until the end of his seven-year term.

PHR: V inflects, PHR -ing emphasis

intention

noun

purpose

aim

design

end

goal

idea

object

objective

point

target

intentional

[D.J.:ɪnˈtenʃənəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛnʃənəl]

adj.

有意的, 故意的

intentionally

[D.J.:ɪnˈtenʃənlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈt ɛnʃən l..ɪ]

adv.

有意地,故意地

intentional *

1. intentional
Something that is intentional is deliberate.

- Women who are the victims of intentional discrimination will be able to get compensation.

- How can I blame him? It wasn't intentional.

ADJ
= deliberate

2. intentionally

- I've never intentionally hurt anyone.

- The figures are intentionally misleading.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

intentional

adjective

deliberate

calculated

intended

meant

planned

premeditated

wilful

intentionally

adverb

deliberately

designedly

on purpose

wilfully

inter

[D.J.:ɪnˈtɜ:]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtə..]

vt.

埋;葬

inter **

inter inters interring interred
When a dead person is interred , they are buried. (FORMAL)

- ...the spot where his bones were originally interred.

VB

inter

verb

bury

entomb

lay to rest

inter-

[ˈintə]

pref.

表示“在一起,交互”之义

inter-

inter-
Inter- combines with adjectives and nouns to form adjectives indicating that something connects two or more places, things, or groups of people. For example, inter-governmental relations are relations between governments.

- He hopes to be able to announce a date for inter-party talks.

- ...a policy of encouraging inter-racial marriage.

PREFIX

interact

[D.J.:ˌɪntərˈækt]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈækt]

vi.

相互作用[影响], 互相配合

interacting

相互作用

interaction

[D.J.:ˌɪntərˈækʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈækʃən]

n.

一起活动, 合作, 配合, 相互作用

interact **

1. interact interacts interacting interacted
When people interact with each other or interact , they communicate as they work or spend time together.

- While the other children interacted and played together, Ted ignored them.

- ...rhymes and songs to help parents interact with their babies.

V-RECIP

2. interaction interactions

- This can sometimes lead to somewhat superficial interactions with other people.

- ...our experience of informal social interaction among adults.

N-VAR: oft N prep

3. interact interacts interacting interacted
When people interact with computers, or when computers interact with other machines, information or instructions are exchanged.

- Millions of people want new, simplified ways of interacting with a computer.

- There will be a true global village in which telephones, computers and televisions interact.

VB

4. interaction interactions

- ...experts on human-computer interaction.

N-VAR: usu with supp

5. interact interacts interacting interacted
When one thing interacts with another or two things interact , the two things affect each other's behaviour or condition.

- You have to understand how cells interact.

- Atoms within the fluid interact with the minerals that form the grains.

V-RECIP

6. interaction

- ...the interaction between physical and emotional illness.

N-VAR: oft N prep

interactive

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈæktɪv]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈæktɪv]

adj.

(指至少两个人或物)一起活动或互相合作的

<计>交互式的, 人机对话的

interactive *

1. interactive
An interactive computer program or television system is one which allows direct communication between the user and the machine.

- This will make videogames more interactive than ever.

ADJ-GRADED

2. interactive
If you describe a group of people or their activities as interactive , you mean that the people communicate with each other.

- There is little evidence that this encouraged flexible, interactive teaching in the classroom.

ADJ-GRADED

inter alia

inter alia
You use inter alia , meaning `among other things', when you want to say that there are other things involved apart from the one you are mentioning. (FORMAL)

- ...a collector who had, inter alia, 900 engraved gems, 59 marble busts, and over 2,500 coins and medals.

PHR: PHR with cl

intercede

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈsi:d]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈsid]

vi.

斡旋,调解

说情

intercede

intercede intercedes interceding interceded
If you intercede with someone, you try to persuade them to forgive someone or end their disagreement with them. (FORMAL)

- They asked my father to intercede with the king on their behalf.

- He had occasionally tried to intercede for me.

- It has also asked Britain and the United States to intercede.

VB

intercede

verb

mediate

arbitrate

intervene

plead

intercept

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈsept]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈsɛpt]

vt.

拦截, 截住, 截击

intercepting

[ˌintəˈseptiŋ]

n.

截取(技术)；截接

interception

[D.J.:ˌintə(:)ˈsepʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈsɛpʃən]

n.

中途夺取,拦截,侦听

intercept *

1. intercept intercepts intercepting intercepted
If you intercept someone or something that is travelling from one place to another, you stop them before they get to their destination.

- Gunmen intercepted him on his way to the airport.

- Dodd intercepted a ball intended for Smith.

- His letter was intercepted by the Secret Service.

VB
= stop

2. interception interceptions

- ...the interception of a ship off the west coast of Scotland.

N-VAR

intercept

verb

seize

block

catch

cut off

head off

interrupt

obstruct

stop

interceptor

[D.J.:intəˈseptə]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈsɛptɚ]

n.

拦截机

interceptor

interceptor interceptors
An interceptor is an aircraft or ground-based missile system designed to intercept and attack enemy planes.
N-COUNT

intercession

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈseʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈsɛʃən]

n.

求情；说情；调停, 斡旋

intercession

intercession intercessions
Intercession is the act of interceding with someone. (FORMAL)

- There was always the possibility that his intercession could be of help to the tribe.

- Many claimed to have been cured as a result of the Madonna's intercessions.

N-VAR

interchange

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈtʃeɪndʒ]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈtʃendʒ]

vt.

(指两人等)交换事物, 互换

使两人或两物相互易位

vt. & vi.

(使某事物)交替变化

interchange *

1. interchange interchanges
If there is an interchange of ideas or information among a group of people, each person talks about his or her ideas or gives information to the others.

- What made the meeting exciting was the interchange of ideas from different disciplines.

- Ministers want to see more interchange between the private sector and the civil service.

N-VAR: with supp, usu N of n
= exchange

2. interchange interchanges interchanging interchanged
If you interchange one thing with another, or you interchange two things, each thing takes the place of the other or is exchanged for the other. You can also say that two things interchange .

- She likes to interchange her furnishings at home with the stock in her shop.

- Your task is to interchange words so that the sentence makes sense.

- ...the point where the illusions of the stage and reality begin to interchange.

V-RECIP-ERG

3. interchange interchanges
Also a noun.

- ...the interchange of matter and energy at atomic or sub-atomic levels.

N-VAR: oft N of n

4. interchange interchanges
An interchange on a motorway, freeway, or road is a place where it joins a main road or another motorway or freeway.
N-COUNT: usu n N
= junction

interchange

verb

1.

switch

alternate

exchange

reciprocate

swap

noun

2.

junction

intersection

interchangeability

[ˌintə(:)ˌtʃeindʒəˈbiliti]

n.

可交换[交替]性

interchangeable

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈtʃeɪndʒəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈtʃendʒəbəl]

adj.

可交换的,可互换的,可交替的

interchangeability

n.

可交换性,可交替性,互换性

interchangeably

adv.

可交换地,可交替地

interchangeably

[D.J.:ɪntəˈtʃeɪnd ʒəblɪ]

[K.K.:ɪntɚˈtʃend ʒəblɪ]

adv.

可交换地;可替换地

interchangeable *

1. interchangeable
Things that are interchangeable can be exchanged with each other without it making any difference.

- His greatest innovation was the use of interchangeable parts.

- Many of his campaign proposals are interchangeable with the DLC's core beliefs.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n

2. interchangeably

- These expressions are often used interchangeably, but they do have different meanings.

ADV: ADV after v

interchangeable

adjective

identical

equivalent

exchangeable

reciprocal

synonymous

intercollegiate

[D.J.:ˌɪntəkəˈli:dʒɪt, -dʒi:ɪt]

[K.K.:ˌɪntəkəˈlidʒɪt, -dʒiɪt]

adj.

<主美>学院间的;院际的;大学之间的;校际的

intercollegiate

intercollegiate
Intercollegiate means involving or related to more than one college or university. (AM)

- ...the first intercollegiate gymnastics team championship.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ intramural

intercom

[D.J.:ˈɪntəˌkɔm]

[K.K.:ˈɪntɚˌkɑm]

n.

内部通话系统

intercom

intercom intercoms
An intercom is a small box with a microphone which is connected to a loudspeaker in another room. You use it to talk to the people in the other room.
N-COUNT

interconnect

[D.J.:ˌɪntəkəˈnekt]

[K.K.:ˌɪntəkəˈnɛkt]

vi.

互相连接;互相联系

interconnecting

互连

interconnect

interconnect interconnects interconnecting interconnected
Things that interconnect or are interconnected are connected to or with each other. You can also say that one thing interconnects with another.

- The causes are many and may interconnect.

- Their lives interconnect with those of celebrated figures of the late eighteenth-century.

- The regions are interconnected by an excellent highway system.

- ...a huge mesh of interconnecting wires.

V-RECIP-ERG

interconnection

[ˌintə(:)kəˈnekʃən]

n.

互相连络

interconnection

interconnection interconnections
If you say that there is an interconnection between two or more things, you mean that they are very closely connected. (FORMAL)

- ...the thematic interconnection between the stories.

- ...the alarming interconnection of drug abuse and AIDS infection.

N-VAR: oft N between pl-n

intercontinental

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˌkɔntəˈnentl]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˌkɑntəˈnɛntl..]

adj.

跨洲的,洲际的

intercontinental

intercontinental
Intercontinental is used to describe something that exists or happens between continents.

- ...intercontinental flights.

ADJ: ADJ n

intercourse

[D.J.:ˈintəkɔ:s]

[K.K.:ˈɪntɚˌkɔrs, -ˌkors]

n.

交流, 交往, 交际

intercourse **

1. intercourse
Intercourse is the act of having sex. (FORMAL)

- ...sexual intercourse...

- We didn't have intercourse.

N-UNCOUNT

2. intercourse
Social intercourse is communication between people as they spend time together. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- There was social intercourse between the old and the young.

N-UNCOUNT: usu adj N
= contact

intercourse

noun

1.

communication

commerce

contact

dealings

2.

sexual intercourse

carnal knowledge

coitus

copulation

sex informal

intercut

[D.J.:ˌintə(:)ˈkʌt]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈkʌt]

v.

使镜头交切,作镜头交切

intercutting

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈkʌtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈkʌtɪŋ]

镜头交切

intercut

intercut intercuts intercutting
If a film is intercut with particular images, those images appear regularly throughout the film. (TECHNICAL)

- The film is set in a night club and intercut with images of gangland London.

- He intercuts scenes of Rex getting more and more desperate with scenes of the abductor with his family.

VB The form intercut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

interdependence

[D.J.:ˌɪntədɪˈpendəns]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚdɪˈp ɛndəns]

n.

互相依赖

interdependent

[D.J.:ˌɪntədɪˈpendənt]

[K.K.:ˌɪntədɪˈpɛndənt]

adj.

互相依赖的,互相依存的

interdependence

n.

interdependency

n.

interdependence

interdependence
Interdependence is the condition of a group of people or things that all depend on each other.

- ...the interdependence of nations.

- ...economic interdependence.

N-UNCOUNT

interdependent

interdependent
People or things that are interdependent all depend on each other.

- We live in an increasingly interdependent world.

ADJ-GRADED

interdict

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈdɪkt]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈdɪkt]

n.

正式禁止,禁令

(罗马天主教)停止(某人)教权的禁令,停止某地参加圣事活动

vt.

禁止(行动)

禁用

限制

interdiction

n.

interdictory

adj.

interdiction

[ˌintə(:)ˈdikʃən]

n.

禁止

interdictory

[ˌintəˈdiktəri]

adj.

禁止的

interdict

1. interdict interdicts interdicting interdicted
If an armed force interdicts something or someone, they stop them and prevent them from moving. If they interdict a route, they block it or cut it off. (AM, FORMAL)

- Troops could be ferried in to interdict drug shipments.

- ...efforts to isolate the theater of operations by interdicting the bridges.

VB
= intercept

2. interdiction

- ...increased drug interdiction efforts by the military and Coast Guard.

N-VAR

3. interdict interdicts
An interdict is an official order that something must not be done or used. (FORMAL)

- The National Trust has placed an interdict on jet-skis in Dorset, Devon and Cornwall.

N-COUNT
= ban

interdisciplinary

[D.J.:ˌintə(:)ˈdisiplinəri]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri]

adj.

各学科间的

interdisciplinary

interdisciplinary
Interdisciplinary means involving more than one academic subject.

- ...interdisciplinary courses combining psychology, philosophy and linguistics.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

interest

[D.J.:ˈintrist]

[K.K.:ˈɪntrɪst, -tərɪst, -ˌtrɛst]

n.

兴趣; 爱好, 嗜好

利益

利息

vt.

使产生兴趣

引起…的意愿

interested

[D.J.:ˈɪntrɪstɪd, -tərɪstɪd, -təˌrestɪd]

[K.K.:ˈɪntrɪstɪd, -tərɪstɪd, -təˌrɛstɪd]

adj.

显得有兴趣, 感兴趣的

有私心的, 有偏见的

interesting

[D.J.:ˈintristiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ]

adj.

令人感兴趣的, 有趣的

interest *****

1. interest
If you have an interest in something, you want to learn or hear more about it.

- There has been a lively interest in the elections in the last two weeks.

- His parents tried to discourage his interest in music, but he persisted.

- She'd liked him at first, but soon lost interest.

- Food was of no interest to her at all.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

2. interest interests
Your interests are the things that you enjoy doing.

- Encourage your child in her interests and hobbies even if they're things that you know little about.

- He developed a wide range of sporting interests as a pupil at Millfield.

N-COUNT

3. interest interests interesting interested
If something interests you, it attracts your attention so that you want to learn or hear more about it or continue doing it.

- That passage interested me because it seems to parallel very closely what you're doing in the novel.

- It may interest you to know that Miss Woods, the housekeeper, witnessed the attack.

VB

4. interest interests interesting interested
If you are trying to persuade someone to buy or do something, you can say that you are trying to interest them in it.

- In the meantime I can't interest you in a new car, I suppose?.

- The group wasn't able to interest them in reproducing literature specifically for women.

VB

5. interest interests
If something is in the interests of a particular person or group, it will benefit them in some way.

- Did those directors act in the best interests of their club?.

- The social worker would try to get her to see she was acting against the boy's interests.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu in N with poss

6. interest interests
You can use interests to refer to groups of people who you think use their power or money to benefit themselves.

- The government accused unnamed `foreign interests' of inciting the trouble.

- He resigned as finance minister only weeks before the election and stood against big-business interests.

N-COUNT: usu pl, supp N

7. interest interests
A person or organization that has interests in a company or in a particular type of business owns shares in this company or this type of business.

- Her other business interests include a theme park in Scandinavia and hotels in the West Country.

- ...the Hatch family, who controlled large dairy interests...

- Disney will retain a 51 percent controlling interest in the venture.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= concern

8. interest interests
If a person, country, or organization has an interest in a possible event or situation, they want that event or situation to happen because they are likely to benefit from it.

- The West has an interest in promoting democratic forces in Eastern Europe.

- Domestic consumers of petroleum products have an interest in a secure source of petroleum products.

N-COUNT: usu N in n/-ing

9. interest
Interest is extra money that you receive if you have invested a sum of money. Interest is also the extra money that you pay if you have borrowed money or are buying something on credit.

- Does your current account pay interest?.

- This is an important step toward lower interest rates.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

10. interest
If you do something in the interests of a particular result or situation, you do it in order to achieve that result or maintain that situation.

- ...a call for all businessmen to work together in the interests of national stability.

PHR: N inflects, PHR n
to have someone's interests at heart : see heart .

interested ****

1. interested
If you are interested in something, you think it is important and want to learn more about it or spend time doing it.

- I thought she might be interested in Paula's proposal.

- I think the young man is getting interested in gardening.

- I'd be interested to meet her.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ in n/-ing, ADJ to-inf

2. interested
An interested party or group of people is affected by or involved in a particular event or situation.

- The success was only possible because all the interested parties eventually agreed to the idea.

ADJ: ADJ n

interesting ***

interesting
If you find something interesting , it attracts your attention, for example because you think it is exciting or unusual.

- It was interesting to be in a different environment.

- The two halves of the town face each other, and both have interesting churches.

- His third album is by far his most interesting.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf/that

interest

noun

1.

curiosity

attention

concern

notice

regard

2.

hobby

activity

diversion

pastime

preoccupation

pursuit

3.

advantage

benefit

good

profit

4.

stake

claim

investment

right

share

verb

5.

intrigue

attract

catch one's eye

divert

engross

fascinate

interested

adjective

1.

curious

attracted

drawn

excited

fascinated

keen

2.

involved

concerned

implicated

interesting

adjective

intriguing

absorbing

appealing

attractive

compelling

engaging

engrossing

gripping

stimulating

thought-provoking

interest-free

[D.J.:ˌɪntrɪstˈfri:]

[K.K.:ˌɪntrɪstˈfri]

adj.

(贷款等)无息的

interest-free

1. interest-free
An interest-free loan has no interest charged on it.

- He was offered a £10,000 interest-free loan.

- Many stores are offering interest-free credit.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. interest-free
Also an adverb.

- Customers allowed the banks to use their money interest-free.

ADV: ADV after v

interestingly

adv.

有趣地

interestingly *

interestingly
You use interestingly to introduce a piece of information that you think is interesting or unexpected.

- Interestingly enough, a few weeks later, Benjamin remarried.

- Interestingly, it is not clear which solution the prime minister favors.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl

interface

[D.J.:ˈintəfeis]

[K.K.:ˈɪntɚˌfes]

n.

〈计〉接口(连接两装置的电路, 可使数据从一种代码转换成另一种代码)

界面, 分界面

interfaced

[ˈintə:feist]

n.

界面上的,界面的

interfacing

[D.J.:ˈɪntəˌfeɪsɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɪntɚˌfesɪŋ]

衬布;衬头

interface *

1. interface interfaces
The interface between two subjects or systems is the area in which they affect each other or have links with each other.

- ...a witty exploration of that interface between bureaucracy and the working world.

N-COUNT

2. interface interfaces
If you refer to the user interface of a particular piece of computing software, you are talking about its presentation on screen and how easy it is to operate.

- ...the development of better user interfaces.

N-COUNT: usu n N

3. interface interfaces
In computing and electronics, an interface is an electrical circuit which links one machine, especially a computer, with another. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

4. interface interfaces interfacing interfaced
If one thing interfaces with another, or if two things interface , they have connections with each other. If you interface one thing with another, you connect the two things. (TECHNICAL or FORMAL)

- ...the way we interface with the environment...

- Unless divisions consult with one another, the components they produce are not likely to interface smoothly.

- He had interfaced all this machinery with a master computer.

V-RECIP-ERG

interface

noun

connection

border

boundary

frontier

link

interfere

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈfiə]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈfɪr]

vi.

干预; 调停

妨碍

interfering

[ˌintəˈfiəriŋ]

妨碍

interfere **

1. interfere interferes interfering interfered
If you say that someone interferes in a situation, you mean they get involved in it although it does not concern them and their involvement is not wanted.

- I wish everyone would stop interfering and just leave me alone.

- The UN cannot interfere in the internal affairs of any country.

VB disapproval
= meddle

2. interfere interferes interfering interfered
Something that interferes with a situation, activity, or process has a damaging effect on it.

- Drug problems frequently interfered with his work.

- Alexander wasn't going to let a lack of space interfere with his plans.

- Smoking and drinking interfere with your body's ability to process oxygen.

VB

interfering

interfering
If you describe someone as interfering , you are criticizing them because they try to get involved in other people's affairs or to give them advice, especially when the advice is not wanted.

- When she was a child she had regarded her mother as an interfering busybody.

- ...interfering neighbours.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval
= meddling

interfere

verb

1.

intrude

butt in

intervene

meddle

stick one's oar in informal

tamper

often with with 2.

conflict

clash

hamper

handicap

hinder

impede

inhibit

obstruct

interference

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈfiərəns]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈfɪrəns]

n.

干涉, 介入

阻碍, 干扰

interference **

1. interference
Interference by a person or group is their unwanted or unnecessary involvement in something.

- The parliament described the decree as interference in the republic's internal affairs.

- Airlines will be able to set cheap fares without interference from the government.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N in/with n, N from n disapproval
= meddling

2. interference
When there is interference , a radio signal is affected by other radio waves or electrical activity so that it cannot be received properly.

- ...electrical interference...

- They have been accused of deliberately causing interference to transmissions.

N-UNCOUNT

interference

noun

1.

intrusion

intervention

meddling

prying

2.

conflict

clashing

collision

obstruction

opposition

interim

[D.J.:ˈintərim]

[K.K.:ˈɪntərɪm]

adj.

暂时的, 临时的

n.

间歇, 过渡期间

interim ***

1. interim
Interim is used to describe something that is intended to be used until something permanent is done or established.

- She was sworn in as head of an interim government in March.

- ...an interim report.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. interim
In the interim means until a particular thing happens or until a particular thing happened. (FORMAL)

- But, in the interim, we obviously have a duty to maintain law and order.

- He was to remain in jail in the interim.

PHR: PHR with cl
= in the meantime

interim

adjective

temporary

acting

caretaker

improvised

makeshift

provisional

stopgap

interior

[D.J.:inˈtiəriə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɪriɚ]

n.

内部

内地

adj.

内部的

内地的, 国内的

interior ***

1. interior interiors
The interior of something is the inside part of it.

- The interior of the house was furnished with heavy, old-fashioned pieces.

- The boat's interior badly needed painting.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

2. interior
You use interior to describe something that is inside a building or vehicle.

- The interior walls were painted green.

- There is more interior space than in some rival cars.

- He pulled the car over, turned on the interior light, examined the map.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. interior
The interior of a country or continent is the central area of it.

- ...a 5-day hike into the interior.

- ...the unknown interior of South America...

- The Yangzi river would give access to much of China's interior.

N-SING: oft the N, oft with poss

4. interior
A country's interior minister, ministry, or department deals with affairs within that country, such as law and order.

- The French Interior Minister has intervened in a scandal over the role of a secret police force.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. interior
A country's minister or ministry of the interior deals with affairs within that country, such as law and order.

- An official from the Ministry of the Interior said six people had died.

N-SING

6. interior
Interior thoughts or processes go on inside someone's head and are not expressed aloud.

- She depicted the interior life of human beings, and particularly their moral stresses and strains.

- ...the mind's interior space.

ADJ: ADJ n
= inner

interior

noun

1.

inside

centre

core

heart

adjective

2.

inside

inner

internal

inward

3.

mental

hidden

inner

intimate

personal

private

secret

spiritual

interior decoration

interior decoration
Interior decoration is the decoration of the inside of a house.
N-UNCOUNT

interior decorator

interior decorator interior decorators
An interior decorator is a person who is employed to design and decorate the inside of people's houses.
N-COUNT

interior design *

interior design
Interior design is the art or profession of designing the decoration for the inside of a house.
N-UNCOUNT

interior designer *

interior designer interior designers
An interior designer is a person who is employed to design the decoration for the inside of people's houses.
N-COUNT

interject

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈdʒekt]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈdʒɛkt]

vt.

(突然)插入,插话

打断

interject

interject interjects interjecting interjected
If you interject something, you say it and interrupt someone else who is speaking. (FORMAL)

- `Surely there's something we can do?' interjected Palin.

- He listened thoughtfully, interjecting only the odd word.

VB
= interpose

interjection

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈdʒekʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈdʒɛkʃən]

n.

叹词, 感叹词

interjection

1. interjection interjections
An interjection is something you say which interrupts someone else who is speaking.

- ...the moronic and insensitive interjections of the disc jockey.

N-COUNT

2. interjection interjections
In grammar, an interjection is a word or expression which you use to express a strong feeling such as surprise, pain, or horror.
N-COUNT

interlaced

[ˌintəˈleist]

adj.

交织的,交错的

interlaced

interlaced
If things are interlaced , parts of one thing go over, under, or between parts of another. (WRITTEN)

- During my whole report, he sat with his eyes closed and his fingers interlaced.

- ...languid women, their flowing locks interlaced with flowers and vines.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n
= entwined

interlink

[D.J.:ˌintə(:)ˈliŋk]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈlɪŋk]

vt.

连结

n.

连环

interlinked

互连的

interlinking

互连

interlink

interlink interlinks interlinking interlinked
Things that are interlinked or interlink are linked with each other in some way.

- Those two processes are very closely interlinked.

- The question to be addressed is interlinked with the question of human rights.

- ...a more integrated transport network, with bus, rail, and ferry services all interlinking...

- The play takes three Scottish tales and interlinks them.

V-RECIP-ERG
= interconnect

interlock

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈlɔk]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈlɑk]

n.

<计>互锁设备

双螺纹针织品

interlocking

[ˌintə(:)ˈlɔkiŋ]

adj.

联锁的

interlocks

[ˌintə(:)ˈlɔks]

n.

联动装置

interlock *

1. interlock interlocks interlocking interlocked
Things that interlock or are interlocked go between or through each other so that they are linked.

- The parts interlock.

- Interlock your fingers behind your back.

- Joyce sits with her fingers interlocked under her chin.

- ...a series of interlocking rings.

V-RECIP-ERG

2. interlock interlocks interlocking interlocked
If systems, situations, or plans are interlocked or interlock , they are very closely connected.

- The problems of Israel, Lebanon, and the Gulf were tightly interlocked.

- The tragedies begin to interlock.

- Your girlfriend's fear of being abandoned seems to interlock with your fear of being found undesirable.

V-RECIP-ERG

interlocutor

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈlɔkjətə]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈlɑkjətɚ]

n.

<正>参加谈话的人

interlocutor

1. interlocutor interlocutors
Your interlocutor is the person with whom you are having a conversation. (FORMAL)

- Owen had the habit of staring motionlessly at his interlocutor.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

2. interlocutor interlocutors
If a person or organization has a role as an interlocutor in talks or negotiations, they take part or act as a representative in them. (FORMAL)

- ...Judge Thomas Pigot QC, recommended that cross examination could be conducted through an interlocutor and as part of the video interview process.

- ...key interlocutors in the Middle East conference.

N-COUNT

interloper

[D.J.:ˈintələupə]

[K.K.:ˈɪntɚˌlopɚ]

n.

闯入者

干涉他人事务者

interloper

interloper interlopers
If you describe someone as an interloper , you mean that they have come into a situation or a place where they are not wanted or do not belong.

- She had no wish to share her father with any outsider and regarded us as interlopers.

N-COUNT disapproval
= intruder

interloper

noun

trespasser

gate-crasher informal

intruder

meddler

interlude

[D.J.:ˈɪntəˌlu:d]

[K.K.:ˈɪntɚˌlud]

n.

(戏剧、电影等的)中间休息, 幕间休息

两事件的时间

某事过程中发生的事件或片段

interlude *

interlude interludes
An interlude is a short period of time when an activity or situation stops and something else happens.

- It was a happy interlude in the Kents' life.

- Superb musical interludes were provided by Sinclair.

N-COUNT
= interval

interlude

noun

interval

break

breathing space

delay

hiatus

intermission

pause

respite

rest

spell

stoppage

intermarriage

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈmærɪd ʒ]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈmærɪd ʒ]

n.

异族结婚

近亲结婚

intermarry

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈmæri:]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈmæri]

vi.

不同种族〔国家、教派〕间的通婚

近族通婚;近亲结婚

intermarriage

n.

intermarriage

intermarriage
Intermarriage is marriage between people from different social, racial, or religious groups.

- There was a great deal of intermarriage between members of the old and new ruling classes.

- Intermarriages were not uncommon.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, oft N between pl-n

intermarry

intermarry intermarries intermarrying intermarried
When people from different social, racial, or religious groups intermarry , they marry each other. You can also say that one group intermarries with another group.

- They were allowed to intermarry.

- Some of the traders settled and intermarried with local women.

V-RECIP

intermediary

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈmi:di:ˌeri:]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈmidiˌɛri]

n.

中间人;调解人

intermediary *

intermediary intermediaries
An intermediary is a person who passes messages or proposals between two people or groups.

- She wanted him to act as an intermediary in the dispute with Moscow.

N-COUNT
= go-between

intermediary

noun

mediator

agent

broker

go-between

middleman

intermediate

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈmi:djət]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈmidiɪt]

adj.

中间的; 中级的

intermediates

中间产品;光泽辊

intermediate **

1. intermediate
An intermediate stage, level, or position is one that occurs between two other stages, levels, or positions.

- You should consider breaking the journey with intermediate stopovers at airport hotels.

- ...hourly trains to Perugia, Assisi, and intermediate stations.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. intermediate
Intermediate learners of something have some knowledge or skill but are not yet advanced.

- The Badminton Club holds coaching sessions for beginners and intermediate players on Friday evenings.

ADJ

3. intermediate intermediates
An intermediate is an intermediate learner.

- The ski school coaches beginners, intermediates, and advanced skiers.

N-COUNT

intermediate

adjective

middle

halfway

in-between informal

intervening

mid

midway

transitional

interment

[D.J.:inˈtə:mənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɚmənt]

n.

埋葬,葬礼

interment

interment interments
The interment of a dead person is their burial. (FORMAL)
N-VAR
= burial

interment

noun

burial

funeral

interminable

[D.J.:ɪnˈtɜ:mənəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtə..mənəbəl]

adj.

持续得过长的(通常指使人恼怒或厌烦)

interminableness

n.

没完没了

interminably

adv.

漫无止境地,没完没了地

interminably

adv.

无限地,冗长地

interminable *

1. interminable
If you describe something as interminable , you are emphasizing that it continues for a very long time and indicating that you wish it was shorter or would stop.

- ...an interminable meeting.

ADJ emphasis
= endless

2. interminably

- He talked to me interminably about his first wife.

ADV: usu ADV after v

interminable

adjective

endless

ceaseless

everlasting

infinite

long-drawn-out

long-winded

never-ending

perpetual

protracted

intermingle

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈmɪŋgəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈmɪŋɡəl]

vt. & vi.

(使)混合,混在一起

intermingle

1. intermingle intermingles intermingling intermingled
When people or things intermingle , they mix with each other. (FORMAL)

- This allows the two cultures to intermingle without losing their separate identities.

- ...an opportunity for them to intermingle with the citizens of other countries.

V-RECIP

2. intermingled

- The ethnic populations are so intermingled that there's bound to be conflict.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

intermingle

verb

mix

blend

combine

fuse

interlace

intermix

interweave

merge

intermission

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈmɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈmɪʃən]

n.

间歇,停顿;(放映电影中)中间休息

intermission

1. intermission intermissions
An intermission is a short break between two parts of a film, concert, or show.

- ...during the intermission of the musical `Steppin' Out'.

N-COUNT
= interval interlude

2. intermission intermissions
In American English, you can also use intermission to refer to a short break between two parts of a game, or say that something happens at, after, or during intermission .

- Fraser did not perform until after intermission.

N-COUNT: also prep N

intermission

noun

interval

break

interlude

pause

recess

respite

rest

stoppage

intermittent

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈmitənt]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈmɪtnt]

adj.

间歇的; 断断续续的

intermittently

adv.

间歇地

intermittent *

1. intermittent
Something that is intermittent happens occasionally rather than continuously.

- After three hours of intermittent rain, the game was abandoned.

ADJ-GRADED
= sporadic

2. intermittently

- The talks went on intermittently for three years.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

intermittent

adjective

periodic

broken

fitful

irregular

occasional

spasmodic

sporadic

intern

[D.J.:ˈɪnˌtɜ:n]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌtə..n]

n.

<美>住院实习医生

[D.J.:ɪnˈtɜ:n]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtə..n]

vt.

拘留,关押

internee

n.

internment

n.

internee

[D.J.:ˌintə:ˈni:]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈni]

n.

(被看作战俘的人)被拘留者

internment

[D.J.:ɪnˈtɜ:nmənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtə..nmənt]

n.

拘留

intern *

1. intern interns interning interned
If someone is interned , they are put in prison or in a prison camp for political reasons.

- He was interned as an enemy alien at the outbreak of the Second World War.

VB: usu passive

2. intern interns
An intern is an advanced student or a recent graduate, especially in medicine, who is being given practical training under supervision. (AM)
N-COUNT

intern

verb

imprison

confine

detain

hold

hold in custody

internal

[D.J.:inˈtə:nəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɚnəl]

adj.

内部的

国内的, 内政的

体内的

internally

[D.J.:ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtə..nəlɪ]

adv.

内地；内部地

内心地；主观地；心灵地

国内地

本质地；内在地；固有地

internal ***

1. internal
Internal is used to describe things that exist or happen inside a country or organization.

- The country stepped up internal security.

- We now have a Europe without internal borders.

- Mr Kelly posted his resignation letter to Mr Jones in the internal mail box.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. internally

- The state is not a unified and internally coherent entity.

ADV

3. internal
Internal is used to describe things that exist or happen inside a particular person, object, or place.

- The doctor said the internal bleeding had been massive.

- Some of the internal walls of my house are made of plasterboard.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. internally

- Evening primrose oil is used on the skin as well as taken internally.

- Internally, however, the two computers are so different that programs cannot be switched from one to the other.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV with cl, ADV adj

internal

adjective

1.

inner

inside

interior

2.

domestic

civic

home

in-house

intramural

internal combustion engine

internal combustion engine internal combustion engines
An internal combustion engine is an engine that creates its energy by burning fuel inside itself. Most cars have internal combustion engines.
N-COUNT

internalization

[inˌtə:nəlaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

成为主观,内在化

internalize

[D.J.:inˈtə:nəˌlaiz]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɚnəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使内在化

internalize

1. internalize internalizes internalizing internalized
If you internalize something such as a belief or a set of values, you make it become part of your attitude or way of thinking. (FORMAL)

- Over time she internalized her parents' attitudes.

- ...a social order which depends on internalized feelings of what is right and wrong.

VB (BRIT) also internalise

2. internalization

- ...my internalisation of hatred, disgust and fear.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

international

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈnæʃənəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈnæʃənəl]

adj.

国际的, 国际间进行的

internationally

[D.J.:ˌɪ ntəˈnæʃənəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈnæʃən l..ɪ]

adv.

国际性地；国际上地；国际间地

international *****

1. international
International means between or involving different countries.

- ...an international agreement against exporting arms to that country.

- ...Kuwait International Airport...

- The Cuban Government has asked for emergency aid from the international community.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. internationally

- There are only two internationally recognised certificates in Teaching English as a Foreign Language.

- I am one of the few young women who has made it as a writer financially and internationally.

ADV: usu ADV adj/-ed, also ADV with cl, ADV after v

3. international internationals
In sport, an international is a game that is played between teams representing two different countries. (BRIT)

- ...the midweek international against England.

N-COUNT

4. international internationals
An international is a member of a country's sports team. (BRIT)

- The two players, both former England internationals, had been at the club for 16 years.

N-COUNT: usu n N

international

adjective

universal

cosmopolitan

global

intercontinental

worldwide

internationalism

[D.J.:ˌintə(:)ˈnæʃənəlizəm]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈnæʃənəˌlɪzəm]

n.

国际主义,国际性

internationalism

internationalism
Internationalism is the belief that countries should work with, help, and be friendly with one another.
N-UNCOUNT

internationalist

[ˌɪntəˈnæʃənəlist]

n.

国际主义者

internationalist

1. internationalist
If someone has internationalist beliefs or opinions, they believe that countries should work with, help, and be friendly with one another.

- ...a more genuinely internationalist view of US participation in peace-keeping.

ADJ

2. internationalist internationalists
An internationalist is someone who has internationalist views.
N-COUNT

internationalization

[intəˌnæʃənəlaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

国际化

internationalize

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈnæʃənəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈnæʃənəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使国际化

internationalize

1. internationalize internationalizes internationalizing internationalized
If an issue or a crisis is internationalized , it becomes the concern of many nations throughout the world. (JOURNALISM)

- A very real danger exists of the conflict becoming internationalised.

- They have been trying to internationalise the Kashmir problem.

VB (BRIT) also internationalise

2. internationalization

- The internationalization of the industry has been hastened by foreign companies' acquisitions of many U.S. producers.

N-UNCOUNT

international relations *

international relations
The political relationships between different countries are referred to as international relations .

- ...peaceful and friendly international relations.

N-PLURAL

internecine

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈnesˌi:n, -ɪn, -ˈni:ˌsaɪn]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈnɛsˌin, -ɪn, -ˈniˌsaɪn]

adj.

自相残杀的,两败俱伤的

internecine

internecine
An internecine conflict, war, or quarrel is one which takes place between opposing groups within a country or organization. (FORMAL)

- The whole episode has drawn attention again to internecine strife in the ruling party.

ADJ: ADJ n

internee

internee internees
An internee is a person who has been put in prison for political reasons.
N-COUNT

Internet

[D.J.:ˈintənet]

[K.K.:ˈɪntɚˌnɛt]

n.

国际互联网; 因特网

Internet

Internet
The Internet is the computer network which allows computer users to connect with computers all over the world, and which carries e-mail.
N-PROPER: the N

Internet

noun

information superhighway

cyberspace

the net informal

the web informal

World Wide Web

Internet caf´e

Internet caf´e Internet caf´es
An Internet caf´e is a caf´e with computers where people can pay to use the Internet.
N-COUNT
= cybercaf´e

internment

internment
Internment is the practice of putting people in prison for political reasons.

- They called for the return of internment without trial for terrorists.

- ...internment camps for dissidents.

N-UNCOUNT

internship

[ˈintə:nʃip]

n.

〈美〉实习医师,实习医师期

internship

internship internships
An internship is the position held by an intern, or the period of time when someone is an intern. (AM)
N-COUNT

interpersonal

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈpə:sənl]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈpɚsənəl]

adj.

人与人之间的, 人际的

interpersonal *

interpersonal
Interpersonal means relating to relationships between people.

- ...problems in interpersonal relationships...

- Training in interpersonal skills is essential.

ADJ: ADJ n

interplay

[D.J.:ˈɪntəˌpleɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɪntɚˌple]

n.

相互作用

interplay

interplay
The interplay between two or more things or people is the way that they have an effect on each another or react to each other.

- ...the personal interplay between great entertainers and a live public.

- ...the interplay of political, economic, social and cultural factors.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N between/of pl-n
= interaction

interpolate

[D.J.:ɪnˈtɜ:pəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtə..pəˌlet]

v.

插入,插(话)

篡改

interpolation

n.

interpolated

adj.

以内插值替换的

interpolating

内插

interpolation

[D.J.:ɪnˌtəpəʊˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˌtɚpəˈleʃən]

n.

窜改

添写;插补

interpolate

interpolate interpolates interpolating interpolated
If you interpolate a comment into a conversation or some words into a piece of writing, you put it in as an addition. (FORMAL)

- Williams interpolated much spurious matter.

- These odd assertions were interpolated into the manuscript some time after 1400.

VB
= insert

interpolation

interpolation interpolations
An interpolation is an addition to a piece of writing. (FORMAL)

- The interpolation appears to have been inserted very soon after the original text was finished.

N-COUNT
= addition

interpose

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈpəʊz]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈpoz]

vt.

插入

插(话),干涉

打断

提出(反对)以便干预

调停

interpose

1. interpose interposes interposing interposed
If you interpose something between two people or things, you place it between them. (FORMAL)

- Strong police forces had to interpose themselves between the two rival groups in the village.

- The work interposes a glass plate between two large circular mirrors.

VB

2. interpose interposes interposing interposed
If you interpose , you interrupt with a comment or question. (FORMAL)

- `He rang me just now,' she interposed.

- Jacob was silent so long that Livvy interposed.

VB

interpose

verb

interrupt

insert

interject

put one's oar in

interpret

[D.J.:inˈtə:prit]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɚprɪt]

vt.

解释; 说明

vt. & vi.

口译; 翻译

interpreting

解释过程;解释执行

interpret **

1. interpret interprets interpreting interpreted
If you interpret something in a particular way, you decide that this is its meaning or significance.

- The whole speech might well be interpreted as a coded message to the Americans.

- The judge quite rightly says that he has to interpret the law as it's been passed.

- Both approaches agree on what is depicted in the poem, but not on how it should be interpreted.

VB

2. interpret interprets interpreting interpreted
If you interpret what someone is saying, you translate it immediately into another language.

- The chambermaid spoke little English, so her husband came with her to interpret.

- Three interpreters looked it over for about three or four hours and found that they could not interpret half of it.

VB

interpret

verb

explain

construe

decipher

decode

elucidate

make sense of

render

translate

interpretation

[D.J.:ˌɪntə:priˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˌtɚprɪˈteʃən]

n.

解释, 说明; 诠释

表演; 演奏

interpretation **

1. interpretation interpretations
An interpretation of something is an opinion about what it means.

- The opposition Conservative Party put a different interpretation on the figures.

- Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.

N-VAR

2. interpretation interpretations
A performer's interpretation of something such as a piece of music or a role in a play is the particular way in which they choose to perform it.

- ...her full-bodied interpretation of the role of Micaela.

N-COUNT: with supp
= portrayal rendition

interpretation

noun

explanation

analysis

clarification

elucidation

exposition

portrayal

rendition

translation

version

interpreter

[D.J.:ɪnˈtɜ:prɪtə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtə..prɪtɚ]

n.

口译工作者;口译译员

演绎(音乐、戏剧中人物等)的人

<计>解释程序

interpreter **

1. interpreter interpreters
An interpreter is a person whose job is to translate what someone is saying into another language.

- Speaking through an interpreter, Aristide said that Haitians had hoped coups were behind them.

N-COUNT

2. interpreter interpreters
The interpreter of something such as a piece of music is the person who performs it.

- Over the years Freni has been one of the supreme interpreters of Puccini's heroines.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

interpreter

noun

translator

commentator

interpretive

[D.J.:inˈtə:pritiv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɚprɪtɪv]

adj.

作为说明的,解释的

interpretive

interpretive
You use interpretive to describe something that provides an interpretation. (FORMAL)

- History is an interpretive process.

ADJ: ADJ n The form interpretative is also used

interregnum

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈregnəm]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈrɛɡnəm]

n.

(新旧王朝或新旧政府)更迭的政权空白期,过渡期

中断,停顿

interregnum

interregnum
An interregnum is a period between the end of one person's time as ruler or leader and the coming to power of the next ruler or leader. (FORMAL)
N-SING

interrelate

[D.J.:ˌɪntərɪˈleɪt]

[K.K.:ˌɪntərɪˈlet]

vt. & vi.

<书>相互关联〔影响〕

interrelated

[ˌɪntəriˈleitid]

adj.

相互关联的

interrelate

interrelate interrelates interrelating interrelated
If two or more things interrelate , there is a connection between them and they have an effect on each other.

- The body and the mind interrelate.

- Each of these cells have their specific jobs to do, but they also interrelate with each other.

- ...the way in which we communicate and interrelate with others...

- All things are interrelated.

V-RECIP
= interconnect

interrelationship

相互关系[联系,影响],干扰

interrelationship

interrelationship interrelationships
An interrelationship is a close relationship between two or more things or people.

- ...to reach a deeper understanding of the interrelationships between unemployment, crime, and imprisonment.

- ...the interrelationship of biography and history.

- ...a family's interrelationships.

N-COUNT: oft N between/of pl-n

interrogate

[D.J.:ɪnˈterəˌgeɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛrəˌɡet]

vt.

询问, 审问, 质问

interrogating

[inˌterəˈɡeitiŋ]

n.

询问技术

interrogator

[D.J.:ɪnˈterəgeɪtə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛrəɡetɚ]

n.

讯问者；审问者；质问者

询问器；问答器

interrogate *

1. interrogate interrogates interrogating interrogated
If someone, especially a police officer, interrogates someone, they question them thoroughly for a long time in order to get some information from them.

- I interrogated everyone even slightly involved.

VB
= question

2. interrogator interrogators

- I was well aware of what my interrogators wanted to hear.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

interrogate

verb

question

cross-examine

examine

grill informal

investigate

pump

quiz

interrogation

[D.J.:ɪnˌ terəˈgeɪʃɵn]

n.

讯问(审问)的行为实例;讯问(审问)过程

疑问句;问题

interrogational

adj.

interrogation *

interrogation interrogations
An interrogation is the act of interrogating someone.

- ...the right to silence in police interrogations.

- ...ill-treatment of suspects during interrogation.

N-VAR
= questioning

interrogation

noun

questioning

cross-examination

examination

grilling informal

inquiry

inquisition

third degree informal

interrogative

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈrɔgətɪv]

[K.K.:ˌɪntəˈrɑɡətɪv]

adj.

表示疑问的,质问的

n.

疑问词

interrogative

1. interrogative
An interrogative gesture or tone of voice shows that you want to know the answer to a question. (WRITTEN)

- Donovan cocked an interrogative eye at his companion, who nodded in reply.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= questioning

2. interrogative
In grammar, a clause that is in the interrogative , or in the interrogative mood, has its subject following `do', `be', `have', or a modal verb. Examples are `When did he get back?' and `Are you all right?'. Clauses of this kind are typically used to ask questions.
N-SING: the N

3. interrogative interrogatives
In grammar, an interrogative is a word such as `who', `how', or `why', which can be used to ask a question.
N-COUNT

interrupt

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈrʌpt]

[K.K.:ˌɪntəˈrʌpt]

vt. & vi.

打断

interrupted

[ˌintəˈrʌptid]

adj.

被遮断的,被阻止的,不通的,中断的

interruption

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃən]

n.

中断, 打断

障碍物, 打岔的事

interrupt **

1. interrupt interrupts interrupting interrupted
If you interrupt someone who is speaking, you say or do something that causes them to stop.

- Turkin tapped him on the shoulder. `Sorry to interrupt, Colonel.'.

- He tried to speak, but she interrupted him.

VB

2. interruption interruptions

- The sudden interruption stopped Beryl in mid-flow.

N-VAR

3. interrupt interrupts interrupting interrupted
If someone or something interrupts a process or activity, they stop it for a period of time.

- He has rightly interrupted his holiday in Spain to return to London.

- The match took nearly three hours and was interrupted at times by rain.

VB
= disrupt

4. interruption

- ...interruptions in the supply of food and fuel...

- Motherhood did not constitute much of an interruption to her career.

- I was able to get on with my work without interruption.

N-VAR: oft N in/to n
= disruption

5. interrupt interrupts interrupting interrupted
If something interrupts a line, surface, or view, it stops it from being continuous or makes it look irregular.

- Taller plants interrupt the views from the house.

VB

interrupt

verb

1.

intrude

barge in informal

break in

butt in

disturb

heckle

interfere (with)

2.

suspend

break off

cut short

delay

discontinue

hold up

lay aside

stop

interruption

noun

stoppage

break

disruption

disturbance

hitch

intrusion

pause

suspension

intersect

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈsekt]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈsɛkt]

vt.

横断, 横切, 横穿

vt. & vi.

(指线条、道路等)相交, 交叉

intersected

adj.

分割的

intersecting

相叉的

intersect

1. intersect intersects intersecting intersected
If two or more lines or roads intersect , they meet or cross each other. You can also say that one line or road intersects another.

- The orbit of this comet intersects the orbit of the Earth.

- The circles will intersect in two places.

- The centre of the city is full of tiny intersecting alley-ways.

V-RECIP

2. intersect intersects intersecting intersected
If one thing intersects with another or if two things intersect , the two things have a connection at a particular point.

- ...the ways in which historical events intersect with individual lives...

- Their histories intersect.

V-RECIP
= overlap

3. intersect intersects intersecting intersected
If a place, area, or surface is intersected by things such as roads or lines, they cross it.

- The centre of the city is intersected by three main waterways and several rail links.

VB: usu passive
= cross

intersection

[D.J.:intəˈsekʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈsɛkʃən]

n.

横断; 交叉

交叉点, 十字路口

intersection *

intersection intersections
An intersection is a place where roads or other lines meet or cross.

- ...at the intersection of two main canals.

- ...a busy highway intersection.

N-COUNT: oft N of/with n
= junction

intersection

noun

junction

crossing

crossroads

interchange

intersperse

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈspɜ:s]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈspə..s]

vt.

散布,散置

点缀

intersperse

intersperse intersperses interspersing interspersed
If you intersperse one group of things with another or among another, you put or include the second things between or among the first things.

- Originally the intention was to intersperse the historical scenes with modern ones.

- ...skillfully interspersing jokes and gossipy anecdotes among his instructions.

VB

interspersed *

interspersed
If one group of things are interspersed with another or interspersed among another, the second things occur between or among the first things.

- ...a series of bursts of gunfire, interspersed with single shots.

- ...a landscape of mixed forest interspersed with bamboo groves.

- ...reports of gruesome murder scenes interspersed among descriptions of comic farces.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep, usu ADJ with n, ADJ among n

interstate

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈsteit]

[K.K.:ˈɪntɚˌstet]

adj.

〈美〉洲与洲间的, 洲际的

interstate *

1. interstate
Interstate means between states, especially the states of the United States.

- ...interstate highways.

- ...federal barriers to interstate banking.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. interstate interstates
In the United States, an interstate is a major road linking states.

- We were driving along Interstate 280, toward my home in Woodside.

- ...the southbound lane of Interstate 75.

N-COUNT: also N num

interstellar

[D.J.:ˈintə(:)ˈstelə]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈstɛlɚ]

adj.

星际的

interstellar

interstellar
Interstellar means between the stars. (FORMAL)

- ...interstellar space.

ADJ: ADJ n

intertwine

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈtwaɪn]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈtwaɪn]

vt. & vi.

缠结在一起

intertwine *

1. intertwine intertwines intertwining intertwined
If two or more things are intertwined or intertwine , they are closely connected with each other in many ways.

- Their destinies are intertwined.

- Three major narratives intertwine within Foucault's text, `Madness and Civilisation'.

- He intertwines personal reminiscences with the story of British television.

- Her fate intertwined with his.

V-RECIP-ERG
= interweave

2. intertwine intertwines intertwining intertwined
If two things intertwine , they are twisted together or go over and under each other.

- Trees, undergrowth and creepers intertwined, blocking our way.

- Even the towels were embroidered with their three intertwined initials.

V-RECIP
= entwine

interval

[D.J.:ˈintəvəl]

[K.K.:ˈɪntəvəl]

n.

间隔时间

幕间休息

interval **

1. interval intervals
An interval between two events or dates is the period of time between them.

- The ferry service between Burnham and Wallasea Island has restarted after an interval of 12 years.

- There was a long interval of silence.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= gap

2. interval intervals
An interval during a film, concert, show, or game is a short break between two of the parts. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use intermission )

- During the interval, wine was served.

- England were two goals behind at the interval.

N-COUNT

3. interval intervals
In music, an interval is the difference in pitch between two musical notes. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

4. interval
If something happens at intervals , it happens several times with gaps or pauses in between.

- She woke him for his medicines at intervals throughout the night.

PHR: PHR with v

5. interval
If things are placed at particular intervals , there are spaces of a particular size between them.

- Several red and white barriers marked the road at intervals of about a mile.

- The trees which gave the road its name stood at regular intervals along the kerb.

- At intervals there were red warning lights.

PHR: PHR with v

interval

noun

break

delay

gap

interlude

intermission

pause

respite

rest

space

spell

intervene

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈvi:n]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈvin]

vi.

干涉, 干预; 调解

干扰, 阻碍

intervening

[ˌɪntəˈvi:niŋ]

adj.

发生于其间的

intervene **

1. intervene intervenes intervening intervened
If you intervene in a situation, you become involved in it and try to change it.

- The situation calmed down when police intervened.

- The Government is doing nothing to intervene in the crisis.

VB

2. intervene intervenes intervening intervened
If you intervene , you interrupt a conversation in order to add something to it.

- Hattie intervened and told me to stop it.

- `I've told you he's not here,' Irena intervened.

VB
= interject

3. intervene intervenes intervening intervened
If an event intervenes , it happens suddenly in a way that stops, delays, or prevents something from happening.

- The South African mailboat arrived on Friday mornings unless bad weather intervened.

- I pray that death may not intervene to prevent our meeting with my darling children.

VB

intervening *

1. intervening
An intervening period of time is one that separates two events or points in time.

- During those intervening years Bridget had married her husband Robert.

- I had spent the intervening time in London, with Gretchen.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. intervening
An intervening object or area comes between two other objects or areas.

- They had scoured the intervening miles of moorland.

ADJ: ADJ n

intervene

verb

1.

involve oneself

arbitrate

intercede

interfere

intrude

mediate

step in informal

take a hand informal

2.

happen

befall

come to pass

ensue

occur

take place

intervention

[ˌɪntəˈvenʃən]

n.

介入, 干涉, 干预

intervention ***

intervention interventions
Intervention is the act of intervening in a situation.

- ...the role of the United States and its intervention in the internal affairs of many countries.

- ...military interventions.

N-VAR: oft N in n

intervention

noun

mediation

agency

interference

intrusion

interventionist

[ˌɪntəˈvenʃənist]

n.

干涉主义者, 主张干预的人

interventionist *

1. interventionist
Interventionist policies are policies which show an organization's desire to become involved in a problem or a crisis which does not concern it directly. (JOURNALISM)

- ...the interventionist industrial policy of the Wilson government...

- The UN needs to become more interventionist to prevent human rights abuses and suffering.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ laissez-faire

2. interventionist interventionists
An interventionist is someone who supports interventionist policies. (JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT

interview

[D.J.:ˈintəvju:]

[K.K.:ˈɪntɚˌvju]

n.

面谈, 面试

采访, 交谈

会谈, 会见

vt. & vi.

面试

vt.

采访; 会见

interviewing

面试

interview ****

1. interview interviews
An interview is a formal meeting at which someone is asked questions in order to find out if they are suitable for a job or a course of study.

- When I went for my first interview for this job I arrived extremely early.

- The interview went well.

- Not everyone who writes in can be invited for interview.

N-VAR: oft N for n

2. interview interviews interviewing interviewed
If you are interviewed for a particular job or course of study, someone asks you questions about yourself to find out if you suitable for it.

- When Wardell was interviewed, he was impressive, and on that basis, he was hired.

- He was among the three candidates interviewed for the job.

VB: usu passive

3. interview interviews
An interview is a conversation in which a journalist puts questions to someone such as a famous person or politician.

- The trouble began when Allan gave an interview to the Chicago Tribune newspaper last month.

- There'll be an interview with Mr Brown after the news.

N-COUNT

4. interview interviews interviewing interviewed
When a journalist interviews someone such as a famous person, they ask them a series of questions.

- I seized the chance to interview Chris Hani about this issue.

VB

5. interview interviews interviewing interviewed
When the police interview someone, they ask them questions about a crime that has been committed.

- The police interviewed the driver, but had no evidence to go on.

VB
= question

interview

noun

1.

meeting

audience

conference

consultation

dialogue

press conference

talk

verb

2.

question

examine

interrogate

talk to

interviewee

[ˌɪntəvju:ˈi:]

n.

接受面谈者; 被接见者

interviewee *

interviewee interviewees
An interviewee is a person who is being interviewed.
N-COUNT

interviewer

[ˈintəvju:ə]

n.

主持面谈者; 接见者; 采访者

interviewer *

interviewer interviewers
An interviewer is a person who is asking someone questions at an interview.
N-COUNT

interviewer

noun

questioner

examiner

interrogator

investigator

reporter

interweave

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈwi:v]

[K.K.:ˌɪntɚˈwiv]

vt.

使(与…交织)

interwove

[ˌintəˈwəuv]

interweave的过去式

interwoven

[ˌintəˈwəuvən]

interweave的过去分词

interweave *

interweave interweaves interweaving interwove interwoven
If two or more things are interwoven or interweave , they are very closely connected or are combined with each other.

- For these people, land is inextricably interwoven with life itself.

- Complex family relationships interweave with a murder plot in this ambitious new novel.

- The programme successfully interweaves words and pictures.

- Social structures are not discrete objects; they overlap and interweave.

V-RECIP-ERG
= intertwine

intestinal

[D.J.:ɪnˈtestənəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛstənəl]

adj.

<解>肠的

intestinal *

intestinal
Intestinal means relating to the intestines. (FORMAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

intestine

[D.J.:ɪnˈtestɪn]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɛstɪn]

n.

肠

intestine *

intestine intestines
Your intestines are the tubes in your body through which food passes when it has left your stomach.

- This area is always tender to the touch if the intestines are not functioning properly.

- This vitamin is absorbed through the walls of the small intestine.

N-COUNT

intestines

plural noun

guts

bowels

entrails

innards informal

insides informal

viscera

intimacy

[D.J.:ˈɪntəməsi:]

[K.K.:ˈɪntəməsi]

n.

亲密, 密切

亲昵的言行

性行为

intimacy *

1. intimacy
Intimacy between two people is a very close personal relationship between them.

- ...a means of achieving intimacy with another person.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N with/between n

2. intimacy
You sometimes use intimacy to refer to sex or a sexual relationship.

- Her sunburn made intimacy too painful.

- The truth was he did not feel like intimacy with any woman.

N-UNCOUNT

3. intimacy intimacies
Intimacies are things that you say or do to someone you have a very close personal relationship with.

- ...the intimacies of a love scene.

N-COUNT: usu pl

intimacy

noun

familiarity

closeness

confidentiality

intimate

[D.J.:ˈintimit]

[K.K.:ˈɪntɪmɪt ]

adj.

亲密的, 密切的; 有性关系的(尤指婚外的)

私人的, 个人的

详尽的, 精通的

n.

至交, 密友

[ˈintimeit]

vt.

示意, 暗示

intimately

[D.J.:ˈɪntɪmɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɪntəmɪtlɪ]

adv.

熟悉地;亲密地,亲切地

私下地,秘密地

谙熟地;详尽地

intimate **

1. intimate
If you have an intimate friendship with someone, you know them very well and like them a lot.

- I discussed with my intimate friends whether I would immediately have a baby.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. intimate intimates
An intimate is an intimate friend. (FORMAL)

- They are to have an autumn wedding, an intimate of the couple confides.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

3. intimately

- He did not feel he had got to know them intimately.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

4. intimate
If two people are in an intimate relationship, they are involved with each other in a loving or sexual way.

- I just won't discuss my intimate relationships.

- ...their intimate moments with their boyfriends.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. intimately

- You have to be willing to get to know yourself and your partner intimately.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

6. intimate
An intimate conversation or detail, for example, is very personal and private.

- He wrote about the intimate details of his family life.

- I hate to interrupt your intimate conversation but we do have an assignment to discuss.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= private

7. intimately

- It was the first time they had attempted to talk intimately.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

8. intimate
If you use intimate to describe an occasion or the atmosphere of a place, you like it because it is quiet and pleasant, and seems suitable for close conversations between friends.

- ...an intimate candlelit dinner for two.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

9. intimate
An intimate connection between ideas or organizations, for example, is a very strong link between them.

- ...an intimate connection between madness and wisdom...

- France has kept the most intimate links with its former African territories.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

10. intimately

- Property and equities are intimately connected in Hong Kong.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

11. intimate
An intimate knowledge of something is a deep and detailed knowledge of it.

- He surprised me with his intimate knowledge of Kierkegaard and Schopenhauer.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= thorough

12. intimately

- ...a golden age of musicians whose work she knew intimately.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v

13. intimate intimates intimating intimated
If you intimate something, you say it in an indirect way. (FORMAL)

- He went on to intimate that he was indeed contemplating a shake-up of the company.

- He had intimated to the French and Russians his readiness to come to a settlement.

VB
= hint

intimate

adjective

1.

close

bosom

confidential

dear

near

thick informal

2.

personal

confidential

private

secret

3.

detailed

deep

exhaustive

first-hand

immediate

in-depth

profound

thorough

4.

snug

comfy informal

cosy

friendly

warm

noun

5.

friend

close friend

confidant or confidante

(constant) companion

crony

intimate

verb

1.

suggest

hint

imply

indicate

insinuate

2.

announce

communicate

declare

make known

state

intimately

adverb

1.

confidingly

affectionately

confidentially

familiarly

personally

tenderly

warmly

2.

in detail

fully

inside out

thoroughly

very well

intimation

[ˌintiˈmeiʃən]

n.

暗示,正式宣告

intimation

intimation intimations
An intimation is an indirect suggestion or sign that something is likely to happen or be true. (FORMAL)

- ...intimations of mortality...

- I did not have any intimation that he was going to resign.

N-COUNT: usu N of n, N that

intimation

noun

1.

hint

allusion

indication

inkling

insinuation

reminder

suggestion

warning

2.

announcement

communication

declaration

notice

intimidate

[D.J.:inˈtimideit]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɪmɪˌdet]

vt.

恐吓, 威胁

intimidation

[D.J.:ɪntɪmɪˈdeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪntɪməˈdeʃən]

n.

恫吓,恐吓;胁迫

intimidate **

1. intimidate intimidates intimidating intimidated
If you intimidate someone, you deliberately make them frightened enough to do what you want them to do.

- Jones had set out to intimidate and dominate Paul.

- Attempts to intimidate people into voting for the governing party did not work.

VB
= browbeat

2. intimidation

- ...an inquiry into allegations of intimidation during last week's vote.

N-UNCOUNT

intimidated *

intimidated
Someone who feels intimidated feels frightened and lacks confidence because of the people they are with or the situation they are in.

- Women can come in here and not feel intimidated.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

intimidating *

intimidating
If you describe someone or something as intimidating , you mean that they are frightening and make people lose confidence.

- He was a huge, intimidating figure.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

intimidate

verb

frighten

browbeat

bully

coerce

daunt

overawe

scare

subdue

terrorize

threaten

intimidation

noun

bullying

arm-twisting informal

browbeating

coercion

menaces

pressure

terrorization

threat(s)

into

[D.J.:ˈintu]

[K.K.:ˈɪntu]

prep.

(表示时间)持续到, 进行到

(表示方向)进入…中, 到…里

(表示状态)进入…状态, 欠…债

(表示对象)撞上, 渗进, 非常喜欢

(表示目标)对着, 朝着

(表示结果)分成, 变成

(表示所属)输入

(表示过程)从事于

(表示运算) 除

into *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, into is used after some verbs and nouns in order to introduce extra information. Into is also used with verbs of movement, such as `walk' and `push', and in phrasal verbs such as `enter into' and `talk into'.)

1. into
If you put one thing into another, you put the first thing inside the second.

- Combine the remaining ingredients and put them into a dish.

- Until the 1980s almost all olives were packed into jars by hand.

PREP
= in

2. into
If you go into a place or vehicle, you move from being outside it to being inside it.

- I have no idea how he got into Iraq.

- She got up and went into an inner office.

- He got into bed and started to read.

PREP

3. into
If one thing goes into another, the first thing moves from the outside to the inside of the second thing, by breaking or damaging the surface of it.

- Flavell had accidentally discharged a pistol, firing it into the ceiling.

- The rider came off and the handlebar went into his neck.

PREP

4. into
If one thing gets into another, the first thing enters the second and becomes part of it.

- Poisonous smoke had got into the water supply.

- The money went into a common fund.

PREP

5. into
If you are walking or driving a vehicle and you bump into something or crash into something, you hit it accidentally.

- A train from Kent plowed into the barrier at the end of the platform.

- Joanna heard him bump into the table and curse again.

PREP

6. into
When you get into a piece of clothing, you put it on.

- She could change into a different outfit in two minutes.

- He put on his underwear and got into his suit.

PREP

7. into
If someone or something gets into a particular state, they start being in that state.

- He had too much time on his hands and that caused him to get into trouble.

- I slid into a depression.

- ...the group's plunge into financial crisis earlier in the year.

PREP: v PREP n, n PREP n

8. into
If you talk someone into doing something, you persuade them to do it.

- Gerome tried to talk her into taking an apartment in Paris.

PREP: v n PREP n/-ing

9. into
If something changes into something else, it then has a new form, shape, or nature.

- ...to turn a nasty episode into a little bit of a joke.

- ...learning what she needs to know to grow into a competent adult.

- ...Irish fairytales that had been translated into English.

PREP

10. into
If something is cut or split into a number of pieces or sections, it is divided so that it becomes several smaller pieces or sections.

- Sixteen teams are taking part, divided into four groups.

- Roll out the pastry and cut into narrow strips.

- Now if a great lake like Victoria were to dry up partially, it would be split into a number of separate, smaller lakes.

PREP

11. into
An investigation into a subject or event is concerned with that subject or event.

- The concert will raise funds for research into Aids.

- We are beginning to have some insight into drug therapy.

PREP: n PREP n
= about

12. into
If you move or go into a particular career or business, you start working in it.

- In the early 1980s, it was easy to get into the rental business.

- He closed down the business and went into politics.

PREP

13. into
If something continues into a period of time, it continues until after that period of time has begun.

- He had three children, and lived on into his sixties.

- The Open Golf Championship will be getting into its second day in a few hours.

PREP

14. into
If you are very interested in something and like it very much, you can say that you are into it. (INFORMAL)

- I'm into electronics myself.

PREP: v-link PREP n

intolerable

[D.J.:ɪnˈtɔlərəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɑlərəbəl]

adj.

不能忍受的;无法容忍的

intolerableness

n.

不能忍受;无法容忍

intolerably

adv.

不能忍受地;无法容忍地

intolerably

adv.

到难耐的程度,无法忍受的程度

intolerable *

1. intolerable
If you describe something as intolerable , you mean that it is so bad or extreme that no one can bear it or tolerate it.

- They felt this would put intolerable pressure on them.

- Human rights abuses by any party are intolerable.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ tolerable

2. intolerably

- ...intolerably cramped conditions...

- Her leg ached intolerably.

ADV-GRADED

intolerable

adjective

unbearable

excruciating

impossible

insufferable

insupportable

painful

unendurable

intolerance

[D.J.:inˈtɔlərəns]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɑlərəns]

n.

(尤指对别人的意见)不能忍耐,不容异说,偏狭,(对食物、药物等)不耐性

intolerant

[D.J.:ɪnˈtɔlərənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtɑlərənt]

adj.

不能容忍的;不容异议的;心胸狭窄的

intolerance

n.

不能容忍;不容异议;心胸狭窄

intolerantly

adv.

不能容忍地;不容异议地;心胸狭窄地

intolerance *

intolerance
Intolerance is unwillingness to let other people act in a different way or hold different opinions from you.

- ...his intolerance of any opinion other than his own.

- ...religious intolerance.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp disapproval
≠ tolerance

intolerance

noun

narrow-mindedness

bigotry

chauvinism

discrimination

dogmatism

fanaticism

illiberality

prejudice

intolerant

intolerant
If you describe someone as intolerant , you mean that they do not accept behaviour and opinions that are different from their own.

- He was intolerant of both suggestions and criticisms.

- ...intolerant attitudes toward non-Catholics.

ADJ-GRADED: oft v-link ADJ of n disapproval
≠ tolerant

intolerant

adjective

narrow-minded

bigoted

chauvinistic

dictatorial

dogmatic

fanatical

illiberal

prejudiced

small-minded

intonation

[D.J.:ˌɪntəˈneɪʃən, -təʊ-]

[K.K.:ˌɪntəˈneʃən, -to-]

n.

语调;说话的抑扬顿挫

intonation

intonation intonations
Your intonation is the way that your voice rises and falls as you speak.

- His voice had a very slight German intonation.

N-VAR

intone

[D.J.:inˈtəun]

[K.K.:ɪnˈton]

vt. & vi.

吟诵; 吟咏

intone *

intone intones intoning intoned
If you intone something, you say it in a slow and serious way, with most of the words at one pitch. (WRITTEN)

- He quietly intoned several prayers.

- `But Jesus is here!' the priest intoned.

VB
= chant

intone

verb

recite

chant

intoxicated

[D.J.:ɪnˈtɔksɪkeɪtɪd]

[K.K.: ɪnˈtɑksəˌketɪd]

adj.

喝醉的,极其兴奋的

intoxicated

1. intoxicated
Someone who is intoxicated is drunk. (FORMAL)

- He appeared intoxicated, police said.

ADJ-GRADED
= inebriated

2. intoxicated
If you are intoxicated by or with something such as a feeling or an event, you are so excited by it that you find it hard to think clearly and sensibly. (LITERARY)

- They seem to have become intoxicated by their success.

- These leaders can become intoxicated with a sense of their own omnipotence.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ by/with n
= carried away

intoxicated

adjective

1.

drunk

drunken

inebriated

legless informal

paralytic informal

plastered slang

tipsy

under the influence

2.

euphoric

dizzy

elated

enraptured

excited

exhilarated

high informal

intoxicating

[D.J.:ɪnˈtɔksɪkeɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.: ɪnˈtɑksəˌketɪŋ]

adj.

醉人的；令人陶醉的

使兴奋的

(指酒类)蒸馏的(非发酵的)

intoxicating

1. intoxicating
Intoxicating drink contains alcohol and can make you drunk. (FORMAL)

- ...intoxicating liquor.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. intoxicating
If you describe something as intoxicating , you mean that it makes you feel a strong sense of excitement or happiness. (LITERARY)

- ...the intoxicating fragrance of lilies...

- The music is pulsating and the atmosphere is intoxicating.

ADJ-GRADED

intoxicating

adjective

1.

alcoholic

strong

2.

exciting

exhilarating

heady

thrilling

intoxication

[D.J.:inˌtɔksiˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˌtɑksɪˈkeʃən]

n.

陶醉

intoxication

1. intoxication
Intoxication is the state of being drunk. (FORMAL)

- Intoxication interferes with memory and thinking, speech and coordination.

N-UNCOUNT

2. intoxication
You use intoxication to refer to a quality that something has that makes you feel very excited. (LITERARY)

- ...the intoxication of greed and success.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

intoxication

noun

1.

drunkenness

inebriation

insobriety

tipsiness

2.

excitement

delirium

elation

euphoria

exhilaration

intractable

[D.J.:ɪnˈtræktəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtræktəbəl]

adj.

难对付的, 难解决的

倔强的;难管教的

intractable *

1. intractable
Intractable people are very difficult to control or influence. (FORMAL)

- What may be done to reduce the influence of intractable opponents?

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. intractable
Intractable problems or situations are very difficult to deal with. (FORMAL)

- The economy still faces intractable problems.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

intramural

[D.J.:ˌintrəˈmjuərəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪntrəˈmjʊrəl]

adj.

校内的,内部的

intramural

intramural
Intramural activities happen within one college or university, rather than between different colleges or universities. (AM)

- ...a comprehensive, well-supported program of intramural sports.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ intercollegiate

intranet

[ˈintrənet]

n.

内联网

intranet

intranet intranets
An intranet is a network of computers, similar to the Internet, within a particular company or organization.
N-COUNT

intransigence

[D.J.:ɪnˈtrænsɪd ʒəns]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtrænsəd ʒəns]

n.

不妥协;不让步

intransigence *

intransigence
If you talk about someone's intransigence , you mean that they refuse to behave differently or to change their attitude to something. (FORMAL)

- He often appeared angry and frustrated by the intransigence of both sides.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss disapproval
≠ flexibility

intransigent

[D.J.:ɪnˈtrænsədʒənt, -zə-]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtrænsədʒənt, -zə-]

adj.

不妥协的, 不让步的

n.

不妥协的人, 不让步者

intransigent

intransigent
If you describe someone as intransigent , you mean that they refuse to behave differently or to change their attitude to something. (FORMAL)

- They put pressure on the Government to change its intransigent stance.

- The worry is that the radicals will grow more intransigent.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ flexible

intransigent

adjective

uncompromising

hardline

intractable

obdurate

obstinate

stiff-necked

stubborn

unbending

unyielding

intransitive

[D.J.:ɪnˈtrænsɪtɪv, -zɪ-]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtrænsɪtɪv, -zɪ-]

adj.

(动词)不及物的

intransitive

intransitive
An intransitive verb does not have an object.
ADJ
≠ transitive

intravenous

[D.J.:ˌɪntrəˈvi:nəs]

[K.K.:ˌɪntrəˈvinəs]

adj.

进入静脉的

intravenous *

1. intravenous
Intravenous foods or drugs are given to sick people through their veins, rather than their mouths. (TECHNICAL)

- ...an intravenous drip.

- ...intravenous drug users.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. intravenously

- Premature babies have to be fed intravenously.

ADV: ADV after v

in tray

in tray in trays
An in tray is a shallow container used in offices to put letters and documents in before they are dealt with.
N-COUNT also in-tray .
≠ out tray

intrepid

[D.J.:ɪnˈtrepɪd]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtrɛpɪd]

adj.

无畏的;勇敢的

intrepid *

intrepid
An intrepid person acts in a brave way.

- ...an intrepid space traveller.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= fearless

intrepid

adjective

fearless

audacious

bold

brave

courageous

daring

gallant

plucky

stouthearted

valiant

intricacies

intricacies
The intricacies of something are its complicated details.

- Rose explained the intricacies of the job.

N-PLURAL: usu N of n

intricacy

[D.J.:ˈɪntrɪkəsi:]

[K.K.:ˈɪntrɪkəsi]

n.

错综复杂

(因复杂而产生的)难以理解

(常复数)错综复杂的事物

intricacy

intricacy
Intricacy is the state of being made up of many small parts or details.

- Garments are priced from $100 to several thousand dollars, depending on the intricacy of the work.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n
= complexity

intricacy

noun

complexity

complication

convolutions

elaborateness

intricate

[D.J.:ˈintrikit]

[K.K.:ˈɪntrɪkɪt]

adj.

错综复杂的

intricately

[D.J.:ˈɪntrəkɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɪntrəkɪtlɪ]

adv.

杂乱地;复杂地

难懂地

intricate *

1. intricate
You use intricate to describe something that has many small parts or details.

- ...intricate patterns and motifs.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ simple

2. intricately

- ...intricately carved sculptures.

ADV-GRADED

intricate

adjective

complicated

complex

convoluted

elaborate

fancy

involved

labyrinthine

tangled

tortuous

intrigue

[D.J.:inˈtri:ɡ]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌtriɡ, ɪnˈtriɡ]

vi.

搞阴谋诡计

vt.

激起…的好奇心

n.

密谋策划, 阴谋

阴谋, 诡计

intrigued

[D.J.:ɪnˈtri: gd]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtriɡd]

adj.

好奇的;被迷住了的

intriguing

[D.J.:ɪnˈtri:gɪŋ]

adj.

引起好奇心的;令人感兴趣的;有迷惑力的

intrigue *

1. intrigue intrigues
Intrigue is the making of secret plans to harm or deceive people.

- ...political intrigue.

- ...a powerful story of intrigue, passion and betrayal.

- ...the plots and intrigues in the novel.

N-VAR: usu with supp

2. intrigue intrigues intriguing intrigued
If something, especially something strange, intrigues you, it interests you and you want to know more about it.

- The novelty of the situation intrigued him.

VB
= fascinate

intrigued *

intrigued
If you are intrigued by something, especially something strange, it interests you and you want to know more about it.

- They are intrigued by her story.

- I would be intrigued to hear others' views.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ by n, ADJ to-inf

intriguing **

1. intriguing
If you describe something as intriguing , you mean that it is interesting or strange.

- This intriguing book is both thoughtful and informative.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= fascinating

2. intriguingly

- ...the intriguingly-named newspaper Le Canard Enchain´e (The Chained Duck).

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

intrigue

verb

1.

interest

attract

fascinate

rivet

titillate

2.

plot

connive

conspire

machinate

manoeuvre

scheme

noun

3.

plot

chicanery

collusion

conspiracy

machination

manoeuvre

scheme

stratagem

wile

4.

affair

amour

intimacy

liaison

romance

intriguing

adjective

interesting

beguiling

compelling

diverting

exciting

fascinating

tantalizing

titillating

intrinsic

[D.J.:inˈtrinsik]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtrɪnzɪk, -sɪk]

adj.

固有的, 内在的, 本质的

intrinsically

[D.J.:ɪnˈtrɪnsɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

从本质上(讲)

intrinsic *

1. intrinsic
If something has intrinsic value or intrinsic interest, it is valuable or interesting because of its basic nature or character, and not because of its connection with other things. (FORMAL)

- Diamonds have little intrinsic value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.

- The rate is determined by intrinsic qualities such as the land's slope.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. intrinsically

- Sometimes I wonder if people are intrinsically evil.

- It was intrinsically a very powerful ship.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with cl

intrinsic

adjective

inborn

basic

built-in

congenital

constitutional

essential

fundamental

inbred

inherent

native

natural

intro

[D.J.:ˈintrəu]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌtro]

n.

介绍

intro

intro intros
The intro to a song, programme, or book is the first part, which comes before the main part. (INFORMAL)

- ...the keyboard intro to The Who's `Won't Get Fooled Again'.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

introduce

[D.J.:ˌɪntrəˈdju:s]

[K.K.:ˌɪntrəˈdus, -ˈdjus]

vt.

介绍, 引见

提出, 提出供讨论

引进, 采用

将…放[插]入

作为…的开头

introducing

介绍,引介

introduction

[D.J.:ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən]

n.

介绍, 引见

引言, 导论

引进, 传入; 采用

新采用的东西

introduce ****

1. introduce introduces introducing introduced
To introduce something means to cause it to enter a place or exist in a system for the first time.

- The Government has introduced a number of other money-saving moves.

- I kept the birds indoors all winter and introduced them into an aviary the following June.

- The word `Pagoda' was introduced to Europe by the 17th century Portuguese.

VB

2. introduction

- What he is better remembered for is the introduction of the moving assembly-line in Detroit in 1913.

- ...the introduction of a privacy bill to prevent press intrusions into private lives.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. introduce introduces introducing introduced
If you introduce someone to something, you cause them to learn about it or experience it for the first time.

- He introduced us to the delights of natural food.

VB

4. introduction

- His introduction to League football would have been gentler if he had started at a smaller club.

- It was Sergeant Miller's introduction to a crime which has occupied him for nearly nine years.

N-SING: usu N to n

5. introduce introduces introducing introduced
If you introduce one person to another, or you introduce two people, you tell them each other's names, so that they can get to know each other. If you introduce yourself to someone, you tell them your name.

- Tim, may I introduce you to my uncle's secretary, Mary Waller?.

- Someone introduced us and I sat next to him.

- We haven't been introduced. My name is Nero Wolfe.

- Let me introduce myself.

VB

6. introduction introductions

- With considerable shyness, Elaine performed the introductions.

N-VAR

7. introduce introduces introducing introduced
The person who introduces a television or radio programme speaks at the beginning of it, and often between the different items in it, in order to explain what the programme or the items are about.

- `Health Matters' is introduced by Dick Oliver on BBC World Service.

VB
= present

introduction **

1. introduction introductions
The introduction to a book or talk is the part that comes at the beginning and tells you what the rest of the book or talk is about.

- Ellen Malos, in her introduction to `The Politics of Housework', provides a summary of the debates.

N-COUNT: oft N to n
= foreword

2. introduction introductions
If you refer to a book as an introduction to a particular subject, you mean that it explains the basic facts about that subject.

- On balance, the book is a friendly, down-to-earth introduction to physics.

- ...`Psychology and Language: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics'.

N-COUNT: usu N to n, oft in names

3. introduction introductions
You can refer to a new product as an introduction when it becomes available in a place for the first time.

- There are two among their recent introductions that have greatly impressed me.

N-COUNT

4. introduction
If you say that someone or something needs no introduction , you mean that they are so well known that everyone knows who or what they are.

- Michael Jackson, of course, needs no introduction.

PHR: V inflects

introduce

verb

1.

present

acquaint

familiarize

make known

2.

bring in

establish

found

initiate

institute

launch

pioneer

set up

start

3.

bring up

advance

air

broach

moot

put forward

submit

4.

insert

add

inject

put in

throw in informal

introduction

noun

1.

launch

establishment

inauguration

institution

pioneering

2.

opening

foreword

intro informal

lead-in

preamble

preface

prelude

prologue

introductory

[D.J.:ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəri:]

[K.K.:ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəri]

adj.

引导的, 介绍的;导言的

introductory *

1. introductory
An introductory remark, talk, or part of a book gives a small amount of general information about a particular subject, often before a more detailed explanation.

- ...an introductory course in religion and theology.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. introductory
An introductory offer or price on a new product is something such as a free gift or a low price that is meant to attract new customers.

- ...just out on the shelves at an introductory price of £2.99.

ADJ: ADJ n

introductory

adjective

preliminary

first

inaugural

initial

opening

preparatory

introspection

[D.J.:ˌɪntrəˈspekʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪntrəˈspɛkʃən]

n.

反省,内省

introspective

adj.

introspective

[D.J.:ˌɪntrəʊˈspektɪv]

[K.K.:ˌɪntroˈspɛktɪv]

adj.

好反省的；好内省的

反省的；内省的

introspection

introspection
Introspection is the examining of your own thoughts, ideas, and feelings.

- He had always had his moments of quiet introspection.

N-UNCOUNT

introspective

introspective
Introspective people spend a lot of time examining their own thoughts, ideas, and feelings.
ADJ-GRADED

introspective

adjective

inward-looking

brooding

contemplative

introverted

meditative

pensive

introvert

[D.J.:ˈɪntrəˌvɜ:t, ˌɪntrəˈvɜ:t]

[K.K.:ˈɪntrəˌvə..t, ˌɪntrəˈvə..t]

n.

性格内向的人

introvert

1. introvert introverts
An introvert is a quiet, shy person who finds it difficult to talk to people.
N-COUNT
≠ extrovert

2. introvert
Introvert means the same as introverted .

- The music students here are a very introvert lot.

ADJ-GRADED

introverted

[D.J.:ˈintrəvə:tid]

[K.K.:ˈɪntrəˌvɚrtɪd]

adj.

内向的,含蓄的,闭关自守的

introverted

introverted
Introverted people are quiet and shy and find it difficult to talk to other people.

- Machen was a lonely, introverted child.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ extroverted

introverted

adjective

introspective

inner-directed

inward-looking

self-contained

withdrawn

intrude

[D.J.:inˈtru:d]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtrud]

vi.

侵入, 侵扰, 打扰

vt.

把…强加于

intruded

[inˈtru:did]

n.

侵入的,推进的

intrude *

1. intrude intrudes intruding intruded
If you say that someone is intruding into a particular place or situation, you mean that they are not wanted or welcome there.

- The press has been blamed for intruding into people's personal lives in an unacceptable way.

- I don't want to intrude on your meeting.

- I hope I'm not intruding.

VB

2. intrude intrudes intruding intruded
If something intrudes on your mood or your life, it disturbs it or has an unwanted effect on it.

- Do you feel anxious when unforeseen incidents intrude on your day?.

- There are times when personal feelings cannot be allowed to intrude.

VB

3. intrude intrudes intruding intruded
If someone intrudes into a place, they go there even though they are not allowed to be there.

- An American officer on the scene said no one had intruded into the space he was defending.

- We believe they intruded on to the field of play.

- The voyage home began, but not before an intruding aeroplane had repeatedly circled the ship.

VB

intrude

verb

interfere

butt in

encroach

infringe

interrupt

meddle

push in

trespass

intruder

[D.J.:ɪnˈtru:də]

n.

未请自入者,闯入者(尤指企图行窃者)

intruder *

intruder intruders
An intruder is a person who goes into a place where they are not supposed to be.
N-COUNT

intruder

noun

trespasser

gate-crasher informal

infiltrator

interloper

invader

prowler

intrusion

[D.J.:ɪnˈtru:ʒən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtruʒən]

n.

闯入;打扰

(对某事的)干扰, 干涉

intrusion *

1. intrusion intrusions
If someone disturbs you when you are in a private place or having a private conversation, you can call this event an intrusion .

- I hope you don't mind this intrusion, Jon.

N-VAR

2. intrusion intrusions
An intrusion is something that disturbs your mood or your life in a way you do not like.

- ...intrusion into private grief...

- I felt it was a grotesque intrusion into our lives.

N-VAR: oft N into n

intrusion

noun

invasion

encroachment

infringement

interference

interruption

trespass

intrusive

[D.J.:inˈtru:siv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtrusɪv, -zɪv]

adj.

闯入的, 打扰的

intrusive *

intrusive
Something that is intrusive disturbs your mood or your life in a way you do not like.

- The cameras were not an intrusive presence.

- Staff are courteous but never intrusive.

ADJ-GRADED

intrusive

adjective

interfering

impertinent

importunate

meddlesome

nosy informal

presumptuous

pushy informal

uncalled-for

unwanted

intuit

[D.J.:inˈtju(:)it]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtuɪt, -ˈtju-]

v.

由直觉知道

intuit

intuit intuits intuiting intuited
If you intuit something, you guess what it is on the basis of your intuition or feelings, rather than on the basis of knowledge. (FORMAL)

- They would confidently intuit your very thoughts.

- He was probably right to intuit that it was universal.

VB

intuition

[D.J.:ˌɪntjuˈiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪntuˈɪʃən, -tju-]

n.

直觉

凭直觉感知的知识

intuition *

intuition intuitions
Your intuition or your intuitions are unexplained feelings you have that something is true even when you have no evidence or proof of it.

- Her intuition was telling her that something was wrong.

- You can't make a case on your intuitions, Phil.

N-VAR
= instinct

intuition

noun

instinct

hunch

insight

perception

presentiment

sixth sense

intuitive

[D.J.:ɪnˈtu:ɪtɪv, -ˈtju:-]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtuɪtɪv, -ˈtju-]

adj.

有直觉力的;凭直觉获知的

intuitively

[D.J.:ɪnˈtju:ɪtɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈtjuɪtɪvlɪ]

adv.

直觉地;直观地

由直觉而得地

intuitive *

1. intuitive
If you have an intuitive idea or feeling about something, you feel that it is true although you have no evidence or proof of it.

- A positive pregnancy test soon confirmed her intuitive feelings.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= instinctive

2. intuitively

- He seemed to know intuitively that I must be missing my mother.

- Some of the ideas are very intriguing and sound intuitively plausible.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

intuitive

adjective

instinctive

innate

spontaneous

untaught

Inuit

[D.J.:ˈɪnju:ɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɪnjuɪt]

n.

因纽特人(北美的爱斯基摩人)

因纽特语

adj.

因纽特人的,因纽特语的

Inuit

Inuit Inuits
The Inuit are a race of people descended from the original people of Eastern Canada and Greenland.
N-COUNT The form Inuit can also be used for the plural

inundate

[D.J.:ˈɪnʌnˌdeɪt, ˈɪnən-]

[K.K.:ˈɪnʌnˌdet, ˈɪnən-]

vt.

淹没;(洪水般地)涌来, 充满

给予或交予(太多事物)使难以应付

inundated

洪泛的

inundate *

1. inundate inundates inundating inundated
If you say that you are inundated with things such as letters, demands, or requests, you are emphasizing that you receive so many of them that you cannot deal with them all.

- Her office was inundated with requests for tickets.

- They have inundated me with fan letters.

VB emphasis
= swamp

2. inundate inundates inundating inundated
If an area of land is inundated , it becomes covered with water.

- Their neighborhood is being inundated by the rising waters of the Colorado River.

VB: usu passive
= flood

inundate

verb

flood

drown

engulf

immerse

overflow

overrun

overwhelm

submerge

swamp

inured

[D.J.:ɪˈnjʊəd]

adj.

习惯的, 坚强的

inured

inured
If you are inured to something unpleasant, you have become used to it so that it no longer affects you. (FORMAL)

- Doctors become inured to death.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n

invade

[D.J.:inˈveid]

[K.K.:ɪnˈved]

vt. & vi.

侵入, 侵略

vt.

涌入, 侵袭

侵犯, 干扰

invade **

1. invade invades invading invaded
To invade a country means to enter it by force with an army.

- In autumn 1944 the allies invaded the Italian mainland at Anzio and Salerno.

- When the Romans and later the Normans came to Britain they did so as invading armies.

VB

2. invade invades invading invaded
If you say that people or animals invade a place, you mean that they enter it in large numbers, often in a way that is unpleasant or difficult to deal with.

- People invaded the streets in victory processions almost throughout the day.

- Every so often the kitchen would be invaded by ants.

VB

invade

verb

1.

attack

assault

burst in

descend upon

encroach

infringe

make inroads

occupy

raid

violate

2.

infest

overrun

permeate

pervade

swarm over

invader

[D.J.:ɪnˈveɪdə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvedɚ]

n.

入侵者,侵略者;侵入物

invader *

1. invader invaders
Invaders are soldiers who are invading a country.

- The invaders were only finally crushed when troops overcame them at Glenshiel in June 1719.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. invader invaders
You can refer to a country or army that has invaded or is about to invade another country as an invader .

- ...action against a foreign invader.

N-COUNT: usu sing

invader

noun

attacker

aggressor

plunderer

raider

trespasser

invalid

[D.J.:inˈvælid]

[K.K.:ˈɪnvəlɪd]

adj.

无适当根据的

无用的, 无效的

[ˈinvəli:d]

adj.

有病的

n.

病人, 残疾者

invalidity

[ˌinvəˈlidəti]

n.

无效力

invalid *

1. invalid invalids
An invalid is someone who needs to be cared for because they have an illness or disability.

- I hate being treated as an invalid.

N-COUNT

2. invalid
If an action, procedure, or document is invalid , it cannot be accepted, because it breaks the law or some official rule.

- The trial was stopped and the results declared invalid.

- We cannot accept liability if you are refused entry because of invalid documents.

ADJ

3. invalidity

- ...the invalidity of the marriage ceremony.

N-UNCOUNT

4. invalid
An invalid argument or conclusion is wrong because it is based on a mistake.

- We think that those arguments are rendered invalid by the hard facts on the ground.

ADJ

invalidity

invalidity
Invalidity is the state of being an invalid.

- The contributions employees pay give cover against sickness, including chronic invalidity.

- I live on an invalidity pension.

N-UNCOUNT

invalid

adjective

1.

disabled

ailing

bedridden

frail

ill

infirm

sick

noun

2.

patient

convalescent

valetudinarian

invalid

adjective

null and void

fallacious

false

illogical

inoperative

irrational

unfounded

unsound

void

worthless

invalidate

[D.J.:ɪnˈvælɪˌdeɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvælɪˌdet]

vt.

使无效;使作废

invalidate

1. invalidate invalidates invalidating invalidated
To invalidate something such as an argument, conclusion, or result means to prove that it is wrong or cause it to be wrong.

- Any form of physical activity will invalidate the results.

- Some of the other criticisms were invalidated years ago.

VB

2. invalidate invalidates invalidating invalidated
If something invalidates something such as a law, contract, or election, it causes it to be considered illegal.

- An official decree invalidated the vote in the capital.

- A contract signed now might be invalidated at some future date.

VB

invalidate

verb

nullify

annul

cancel

overthrow

undermine

undo

invaluable

[D.J.:inˈvæljuəbl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvæljuəbəl]

adj.

无法估计的, 非常宝贵的

invaluable *

invaluable
If you describe something as invaluable , you mean that it is extremely useful.

- I was able to gain invaluable experience over that year.

- The research should prove invaluable in the study of linguistics.

- Their advice was invaluable to me at that stage of my work.

ADJ: oft ADJ in n/-ing, ADJ to n

invaluable

adjective

precious

inestimable

priceless

valuable

worth one's or its weight in gold

invariability

n.

不变性

invariable

[D.J.:ɪnˈveəri:əbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɛriəbəl]

adj.

恒定的;不变的;始终如一的

invariability

n.

恒定;不变,不变性

invariableness

n.

恒定;始终如一,不变性

invariable

invariable
You use invariable to describe something that never changes.

- It was his invariable custom to have one whisky before his supper.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= habitual

invariably

[inˈvɛəriəbli]

adv.

始终不变地

总是

invariably **

invariably
If something invariably happens or is invariably true, it always happens or is always true.

- They almost invariably get it wrong.

- Their teamwork was invariably good.

- Invariably, he keeps the refrigerator well stocked.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV with cl/group

invariably

adverb

consistently

always

customarily

day in

day out

habitually

perpetually

regularly

unfailingly

without exception

invasion

[D.J.:inˈveiʒən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈveʒən]

n.

侵犯, 侵入, 闯入

invasion ***

1. invasion invasions
If there is an invasion of a country, a foreign army enters it by force.

- ...seven years after the Roman invasion of Britain...

- He was commander in chief during the invasion of Panama.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft adj N, N of n

2. invasion invasions
If you refer to the arrival of a large number of people or things as an invasion , you are emphasizing that they are unpleasant or difficult to deal with.

- ...this year's annual invasion of flies, wasps and ants...

- Seaside resorts such as Blackpool and Brighton are preparing for a tourist invasion.

N-VAR: oft N of n

3. invasion invasions
If you describe an action as an invasion , you disapprove of it because it affects someone or something in a way that is not wanted.

- Is reading a child's diary always a gross invasion of privacy?

- ...the first skirmish in the invasion of the British Parliament by Brussels.

N-VAR: usu N of n disapproval

invasion

noun

1.

attack

assault

campaign

foray

incursion

inroad

offensive

onslaught

raid

2.

intrusion

breach

encroachment

infraction

infringement

usurpation

violation

invasive

[D.J.:inˈveisiv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvesɪv]

adj.

有扩散危害的; 扩散性的; 蔓延性的

invasive *

1. invasive
You use invasive to describe something undesirable which spreads very quickly and which is very difficult to stop from spreading.

- They found invasive cancer during a routine examination.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. invasive
An invasive medical procedure involves operating on a patient or examining the inside of their body.

- Many people find the idea of any kind of invasive surgery unbearable.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

invective

[D.J.:ɪnˈvektɪv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɛktɪv]

n.

痛骂,猛烈抨击

invective

invective
Invective is rude and unpleasant things that people shout at people they hate or are angry with. (FORMAL)

- A woman had hurled racist invective at the family.

- Crowley maintained a stream of invective and abuse against Waite.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
= abuse

invective

noun

abuse

censure

denunciation

diatribe

tirade

tongue-lashing

vilification

vituperation

inveigh

[D.J.:inˈvei]

[K.K.:ɪnˈve]

vi.

猛烈抨击,痛骂,谩骂

inveigh

inveigh inveighs inveighing inveighed
If you inveigh against something, you criticize it strongly. (FORMAL)

- A lot of his writings inveigh against luxury and riches.

VB

inveigle

[D.J.:ɪnˈveɪgəl, -ˈvi:-]

[K.K.:ɪnˈveɡəl, -ˈvi-]

vt.

诱骗,引诱

inveiglement

n.

inveiglement

n.

诱骗,诱惑

inveigle

inveigle inveigles inveigling inveigled
If you inveigle someone into doing something, you cleverly persuade them to do it when they do not really want to. (FORMAL)

- She inveigles Paco into a plot to swindle Tania out of her savings.

VB
= cajole

invent

[D.J.:inˈvent]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɛnt]

vt.

发明; 创造

编造

invent **

1. invent invents inventing invented
If you invent something such as a machine or process, you are the first person to think of it or make it.

- He invented the first electric clock.

- Writing had not been invented as yet.

VB

2. invent invents inventing invented
If you invent a story or excuse, you try to make other people believe that it is true when in fact it is not.

- I stood still, trying to invent a plausible excuse.

VB

invent

verb

1.

create

coin

conceive

design

devise

discover

formulate

improvise

originate

think up

2.

make up

concoct

cook up informal

fabricate

feign

forge

manufacture

trump up

invention

[D.J.:inˈvenʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɛnʃən]

n.

发明, 创造

发明物

捏造, 虚构

invention **

1. invention inventions
An invention is a machine, device, or system that has been invented by someone.

- It's been a tricky business marketing his new invention.

- The spinning wheel was a Chinese invention.

N-COUNT

2. invention
Invention is the act of inventing something that has never been made or used before.

- More than eight million books were printed within fifty years after the invention of the printing press.

- ...the invention of the telephone.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. invention inventions
If you refer to someone's account of something as an invention , you think that it is untrue and that they have made it up.

- In these and several other respects, there are many inventions and exaggerations.

- The story was certainly a favourite one, but it was undoubtedly pure invention.

N-VAR
= fabrication

4. invention
Invention is the ability to invent things or to have clever and original ideas.

- Perhaps, with such powers of invention and mathematical ability, he will be offered a job in computers.

N-UNCOUNT
= creativity

invention

noun

1.

creation

brainchild informal

contraption

contrivance

design

device

discovery

gadget

instrument

2.

creativity

genius

imagination

ingenuity

inventiveness

originality

resourcefulness

3.

fiction

fabrication

falsehood

fantasy

forgery

lie

untruth

yarn

inventive

[D.J.:ɪnˈventɪv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɛntɪv]

adj.

有发明才能的;显示创造力的

inventiveness

n.

发明创造能力,创造性

inventiveness

有发明创造能力;独创性;独创能力

inventive *

1. inventive
An inventive person is good at inventing things or has clever and original ideas.

- ...Stroman's ceaselessly inventive choreography...

- It inspired me to be more inventive with my own cooking.

ADJ-GRADED
= creative

2. inventiveness

- He has surprised us before with his inventiveness.

N-UNCOUNT

inventive

adjective

creative

fertile

imaginative

ingenious

innovative

inspired

original

resourceful

inventor

[D.J.:ɪnˈventə]

n.

发明家,发明者

inventor *

inventor inventors
An inventor is a person who has invented something, or whose job is to invent things.

- ...Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone.

N-COUNT

inventor

noun

creator

architect

author

coiner

designer

maker

originator

inventory

[D.J.:ˈinvəntəri]

[K.K.:ˈɪnvənˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

n.

详细目录, 存货清单

inventory **

1. inventory inventories
An inventory is a written list of all the objects in a particular place.

- Before starting, he made an inventory of everything that was to stay.

N-COUNT

2. inventory inventories
An inventory is a supply or stock of something. (AM)

- ...one inventory of twelve sails for each yacht.

N-VAR

inventory

noun

list

account

catalogue

file

record

register

roll

roster

inverse

[D.J.:ɪnˈvɜ:s, ˈɪnˌvɜ:s]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvə..s, ˈɪnˌvə..s]

adj.

相反的,反向的

inversely

adv.

相反

inversely

[D.J.:ˈɪnˈvɜ:slɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˈvə..slɪ]

adj.

相反地

inverse

1. inverse
If there is an inverse relationship between two things, one of them becomes larger as the other becomes smaller.

- The tension grew in inverse proportion to the distance from their final destination.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ direct

2. inversely

- The size of the nebula at this stage is inversely proportional to its mass.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed, ADV after v

3. inverse
The inverse of something is its exact opposite. (FORMAL)

- There is no sign that you bothered to consider the inverse of your logic.

N-SING: the N, usu N of n

4. inverse
Also an adjective.

- The hologram can be flipped to show the inverse image.

ADJ: ADJ n

inverse

adjective

opposite

contrary

converse

reverse

reversed

transposed

inversion

[D.J.:ɪnˈvɜ:ʒən, -ʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvə..ʒən, -ʃən]

n.

倒置,(尤指词序)倒装

转化

(染色体的)倒位

inversion

inversion inversions
When there is an inversion of something, it is changed into its opposite. (FORMAL)

- It was the most scandalous inversion of the truth I have ever encountered.

- ...a strange inversion of priorities.

N-VAR: usu N of n

invert

[D.J.:inˈvə:t]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɚt]

vt.

使倒置, 使反转

inverted

[inˈvə:tid]

adj.

反向的,倒转的

inverting

换向

invert *

1. invert inverts inverting inverted
If you invert something, you turn it the other way up or back to front. (FORMAL)

- Invert the cake onto a cooling rack.

- ...a black inverted triangle.

VB

2. invert inverts inverting inverted
If you invert something, you change it to its opposite. (FORMAL)

- They may be hoping to invert the presumption that a defendant is innocent until proved guilty.

- ...a telling illustration of inverted moral values.

VB

invert

verb

overturn

reverse

transpose

upset

upturn

invertebrate

[D.J.:ɪnˈvɜ:təbrɪt, -ˌbreɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvə..təbrɪt, -ˌbret]

adj.

无脊椎的

n.

无脊椎动物

invertebrate

1. invertebrate invertebrates
An invertebrate is a creature that does not have a spine, for example an insect, a worm, or an octopus. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

2. invertebrate
Also an adjective.

- ...invertebrate creatures.

ADJ

inverted commas

1. inverted commas
Inverted commas are punctuation marks that are used in writing to show where speech or a quotation begins and ends. They are usually written or printed as ` ' or " ". Inverted commas are also sometimes used around the titles of books, plays, or songs, or around a word or phrase that is being discussed. (BRIT; in AM use quotation marks )
N-PLURAL
= quotation marks

2. inverted commas
If you say in inverted commas after a word or phrase, you are indicating that it is inaccurate or unacceptable in some way, or that you are quoting someone else. (BRIT)

- They're asked to make objective, in inverted commas, evaluations of these statements.

PHR

invest

[D.J.:inˈvest]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɛst]

vt. & vi.

投资; 花费

vt.

授予

investing

熔模铸造

invest ***

1. invest invests investing invested
If you invest in something, or if you invest a sum of money, you use your money in a way that you hope will increase its value, for example by paying it into a bank, or buying shares or property.

- They intend to invest directly in shares.

- He invested all our profits in gold shares.

- When people buy houses they're investing a lot of money.

VB

2. invest invests investing invested
When a government or organization invests in something, it gives or lends money for a purpose that it considers useful or profitable.

- ...the British government's failure to invest in an integrated transport system.

- ...the European Investment Bank, which invested £100 million in Canary Wharf...

- Why does Japan invest, on average, twice as much capital per worker per year than the United States?

VB

3. invest invests investing invested
If you invest in something useful, you buy it, because it will help you to do something more efficiently or more cheaply.

- The company has invested a six-figure sum in an electronic order-control system which is used to keep shops stocked.

- The easiest way to make ice cream yourself is to invest in an ice cream machine.

VB

4. invest invests investing invested
If you invest time or energy in something, you spend a lot of time or energy on something that you consider to be useful or likely to be successful.

- I would rather invest time in Rebecca than in the kitchen.

VB

5. invest invests investing invested
If you say that someone or something is invested with a particular quality, you mean that they seem to have that quality. (FORMAL)

- The buildings are invested with a nation's history.

- A tsar was a living icon, invested with deep historical and religious significance.

VB: usu passive

6. invest invests investing invested
To invest someone with rights or responsibilities means to give them those rights or responsibilities legally or officially. (FORMAL)

- The constitution had invested him with certain powers and he was determined to deploy them.

VB

invest

verb

1.

spend

advance

devote

lay out

put in

sink

2.

empower

authorize

charge

license

sanction

vest

investigate

[D.J.:inˈvestiɡeit]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɛstɪˌɡet]

vt.

调查; 审查

investigation

[D.J.:ɪnˌvestɪˈgeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɪnˌvɛstɪˈɡeʃən]

n.

(正式的)调查,侦查

科学研究;学术研究

investigate ****

1. investigate investigates investigating investigated
If someone, especially an official, investigates an event, situation, or claim, they try to find out what happened or what is the truth.

- Gas officials are investigating the cause of an explosion which badly damaged a house in Hampshire.

- The two officers were being investigated by the director of public prosecutions.

- Police are still investigating how the accident happened.

VB
= look into

2. investigation investigations

- He ordered an investigation into the affair.

- He has been notified by magistrates that he is under investigation for corruption.

N-VAR: oft N into n

investigate

verb

examine

explore

go into

inquire into

inspect

look into

probe

research

study

investigation

noun

examination

exploration

inquest

inquiry

inspection

probe

review

search

study

survey

investigative

[D.J.:inˈvestiɡeitiv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɛstɪˌɡetɪv]

adj.

调查性质的; 审查性质的

investigative *

investigative
Investigative work, especially journalism, involves investigating things.

- The paper has earned respect for its investigative journalism.

- ...an investigative reporter.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

investigator

[D.J.:ɪnˈvestɪˌgeɪtə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɛstɪˌɡetɚ]

n.

调查者;审查者

investigator **

investigator investigators
An investigator is someone who carries out investigations, especially as part of their job.
N-COUNT

investigator

noun

examiner

inquirer

(private) detective

private eye informal

researcher

sleuth

investigatory

[inˈvestiɡeitəri]

adj.

研究的,好研究的

investigatory

investigatory
Investigatory means the same as investigative .

- At no time did I make an attempt to impede any investigatory effort.

ADJ: ADJ n

investiture

[D.J.:ɪnˈvestəˌtʃʊə, -tʃə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɛstəˌtʃʊr, -tʃɚ]

n.

授权,授职(仪式)

investiture

investiture investitures
An investiture is a ceremony in which someone is given an official title.

- ...Edward VIII's investiture as Prince of Wales in 1911.

N-COUNT

investiture

noun

installation

enthronement

inauguration

induction

ordination

investment

[D.J.:inˈvestmənt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɛstmənt]

n.

投资

investment ****

1. investment
Investment is the activity of investing money.

- He said the government must introduce tax incentives to encourage investment.

- One of the most important changes concerns the investment of pension contributions.

- ...investment bankers.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N in n

2. investment investments
An investment is an amount of money that you invest, or the thing that you invest it in.

- ...an investment of twenty-eight million pounds...

- You'll be able to earn an average rate of return of 8% on your investments.

- ...people's desire to buy a house as an investment...

- Total foreign investment in America still constitutes only about 5% of U.S. assets.

N-VAR: usu with supp

3. investment investments
If you describe something you buy as an investment , you mean that it will be useful, especially because it will help you to do a task more cheaply or efficiently.

- When selecting boots, fine, quality leather will be a wise investment.

- A small-screen portable TV can be a good investment.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu adj N

4. investment
Investment of time or effort is the spending of time or effort on something in order to make it a success.

- I worry about this big investment of time and money and effort not working.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

investment

noun

1.

transaction

speculation

venture

2.

stake

ante informal

contribution

investor

[D.J.:ɪnˈvestə]

[K.K.:ɪnˈv ɛstɚ]

n.

投资者;出资者

investor ****

investor investors
An investor is a person or organization that buys stocks or shares, or pays money into a bank in order to receive a profit.

- The main investor in the project is the French bank Credit National.

N-COUNT

inveteracy

[inˈvetərəsi]

n.

根深蒂固,积习

inveterate

[D.J.:ɪnˈvetərɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɛtərɪt]

adj.

(指人)有恶习的,成瘾的

(指习惯等)根深蒂固的

inveteracy

n.

inveterate

inveterate
If you describe someone as, for example, an inveterate liar or smoker, you mean that they have lied or smoked for a long time and are not likely to stop doing it.

- Anderson has a reputation as an inveterate gambler.

- ...the inveterate laziness of these boys.

ADJ: ADJ n

inveterate

adjective

long-standing

chronic

confirmed

deep-seated

dyed-in-the-wool

entrenched

habitual

hardened

incorrigible

incurable

invidious

[D.J.:ɪnˈvɪdi:əs]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɪdiəs]

adj.

会招致不满的,激起怨恨的

invidious

1. invidious
If you describe a task or job as invidious , you mean that it is unpleasant because it is likely to make you unpopular.

- How did you manage to get yourself into this invidious position of having to reprimand others for your own faults?

ADJ-GRADED

2. invidious
An invidious comparison or choice between two things is an unfair one because the two things are very different or are equally good or bad.

- Police officers fear invidious comparisons.

- It is invidious to make a selection.

ADJ: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
= impossible

invidious

adjective

undesirable

hateful

invigilate

[D.J.:inˈvidʒileit]

vt. & vi.

监考

invigilator

[inˈvidʒileitə]

n.

〈英〉监考人

invigilate

1. invigilate invigilates invigilating invigilated
Someone who invigilates an examination supervises the people who are taking it in order to ensure that it starts and finishes at the correct time, and that there is no cheating. (BRIT)

- I've taught sixth formers and invigilated exams.

VB

2. invigilator invigilators

- ...an exam invigilator.

N-COUNT

invigilate

verb

watch over

conduct

keep an eye on

oversee

preside over

run

superintend

supervise

invigorate

[D.J.:ɪnˈvɪgəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɪɡəˌret]

vt.

使生气勃勃;使精力充沛;使健壮

invigorating,invigorative

adj.

生气勃勃的;精力充沛的;健壮的

invigoration

n.

精力充沛;健壮;滋补;鼓舞

invigorator

n.

滋补药;鼓舞者

invigorating

[inˈviɡəreitiŋ]

adj.

精神充沛的,爽快的

invigoration

[inˌviɡəˈreiʃən]

n.

鼓舞

invigorative

[inˈviɡəreitiv]

adj.

强壮的,有精神的,激励的

invigorator

[inˈviɡəreitə]

n.

补药,强壮剂

invigorate

1. invigorate invigorates invigorating invigorated
If something invigorates you, it makes you feel more energetic.

- Take a deep breath in to invigorate you.

VB

2. invigorated

- She seemed invigorated, full of life and energy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

3. invigorate invigorates invigorating invigorated
To invigorate a situation or a process means to make it more efficient or more effective.

- ...the promise that they would invigorate the economy...

- The tactic could well help invigorate a struggling campaign.

VB
= stimulate

invigorating *

invigorating
If you describe something as invigorating , you mean that it makes you feel more energetic.

- ...the bright Finnish sun and invigorating northern air.

ADJ-GRADED

invigorate

verb

refresh

energize

enliven

exhilarate

fortify

galvanize

liven up

revitalize

stimulate

invincibility

n.

无敌,绝对不败

invincible

[D.J.:ɪnˈvɪnsəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɪnsəbəl]

adj.

不可战胜的;不能征服的

invincible *

1. invincible
If you describe an army or sports team as invincible , you believe that they cannot be defeated.

- When Sotomayor is on form he is virtually invincible.

ADJ-GRADED
= unbeatable

2. invincibility

- ...symbols of the invincibility of the Roman army.

N-UNCOUNT

3. invincible
If someone has an invincible belief or attitude, it cannot be changed.

- He also had an invincible faith in the medicinal virtues of garlic.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= unshakable

invincible

adjective

unbeatable

impregnable

indestructible

indomitable

insuperable

invulnerable

unassailable

unconquerable

inviolability

[inˌvaiələˈbiləti]

n.

神圣,不可亵渎,不可侵犯

inviolable

[D.J.:ɪnˈvaɪələbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvaɪələbəl]

adj.

不可侵犯的

inviolable

1. inviolable
If a law or principle is inviolable , you must not break it. (FORMAL)

- The game had a single inviolable rule: obstacles were to be overcome, not circumvented.

ADJ-GRADED

2. inviolable
If a country says its borders are inviolable , it means they must not be changed or crossed without permission. (FORMAL)

- Yesterday's resolution says the present Polish border is `inviolable'.

ADJ

3. inviolability

- Parliament has passed a motion recognising the inviolability of the country's current border with Poland.

N-UNCOUNT

inviolable

adjective

sacrosanct

hallowed

holy

inalienable

sacred

unalterable

inviolacy

[inˈvaiələsi]

n.

未亵渎,无污点,未受侵犯

inviolate

[D.J.:ɪnˈvaɪəlɪt]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvaɪəlɪt]

adj.

不受侵犯的

未受损害的

inviolacy

n.

inviolate

inviolate
If something is inviolate , it has not been or cannot be harmed or affected by anything. (FORMAL)

- We believed our love was inviolate.

- ...their retreat into an inviolate private domain.

ADJ

inviolate

adjective

intact

entire

pure

unbroken

undefiled

unhurt

unpolluted

unsullied

untouched

whole

invisibility

n.

看不清,看不见的东西,难看见

invisible

[D.J.:inˈvizəbl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɪzəbəl]

adj.

看不见的; 暗藏的

invisibly

[D.J.:ɪnˈvɪzəblɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɪzəblɪ]

adv.

看不见地;无形地

invisible **

1. invisible
If you describe something as invisible , you mean that it cannot be seen, for example because it is transparent, hidden, or very small.

- The lines were so finely etched as to be invisible from a distance.

- The belt is invisible even under the thinnest garments.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
≠ visible

2. invisibly

- A thin coil of smoke rose almost invisibly into the sharp, bright sky.

ADV: ADV with v

3. invisible
You can use invisible when you are talking about something that cannot be seen but has a definite effect. In this sense, invisible is often used before a noun which refers to something that can usually be seen.

- All the time you are in doubt about the cause of your illness, you are fighting against an invisible enemy.

- Her father's face had suddenly tightened as though he was being strangled by invisible hands.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. invisibly

- ...the tradition that invisibly shapes things in the present.

ADV: ADV with v

5. invisible
If you say that you feel invisible , you are complaining that you are being ignored by other people. If you say that a particular problem or situation is invisible , you are complaining that it is not being considered or dealt with.

- It was strange, how invisible a clerk could feel.

- The problems of the poor are largely invisible.

ADJ-GRADED

6. invisibility

- She takes up the issue of the invisibility of women and women's concerns in society.

N-UNCOUNT

7. invisible
In stories, invisible people or things have a magic quality which makes people unable to see them.

- ...The Invisible Man.

ADJ

8. invisible
In economics, invisible earnings are the money that a country makes as a result of services such as banking and tourism, rather than by producing goods. (TECHNICAL)

- The revenue from tourism is the biggest single item in the country's invisible earnings.

- The invisible trade surplus was £900 million lower than reported.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ visible

9. invisible invisibles
Invisibles are services such as banking and tourism, which provide a country's invisible earnings. (mainly BRIT) (TECHNICAL)
N-PLURAL

invisible

adjective

unseen

imperceptible

indiscernible

invitation

[D.J.:ˌɪnviˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnvɪˈteʃən]

n.

邀请

请柬, 请帖

invitation ***

1. invitation invitations
An invitation is a written or spoken request to come to an event such as a party, a meal, or a meeting.

- ...an invitation to lunch...

- The Syrians have not yet accepted an invitation to attend.

- He's understood to be there at the personal invitation of President Daniel Arap Moi.

N-COUNT: oft N to-inf, N to n

2. invitation invitations
An invitation is the card or paper on which an invitation is written or printed.

- Hundreds of invitations are being sent out this week.

- ...gold embossed invitation cards.

N-COUNT
= invite

3. invitation
If you believe that someone's action is likely to have a particular result, especially a bad one, you can refer to the action as an invitation to that result.

- ...a war that most liberal Democrats regarded as an invitation to disaster...

- Don't leave your shopping on the back seat of your car -- it's an open invitation to a thief.

N-SING: N to n

invitation

noun

request

call

invite informal

summons

invite

[D.J.:inˈvait]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvaɪt]

vt.

邀请

请求, 要求

引诱, 怂恿; 招致

n.

邀请

invited

v.

邀请,招致,引起

inviting

[D.J.:ɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ]

adj.

吸引人的;诱人的

invitingly

adv.

吸引人地;诱人地

invitingness

n.

吸引人;诱人

invitingly

adv.

动人地

invite ****

1. invite invites inviting invited
If you invite someone to something such as a party or a meal, you ask them to come to it.

- She invited him to her 26th birthday party in New Jersey.

- I invited her in for a coffee.

- Neighbours have invited us out, given us clothes, and taken us on excursions.

- Barron invited her to accompany him to the races.

- Sometimes it seems right to invite an entire class of children so no one will feel left out.

- I haven't been invited.

- ...an invited audience of children from inner-city schools.

VB

2. invite invites inviting invited
If you are invited to do something, you are formally asked or given permission to do it.

- At a future date, managers will be invited to apply for a management buy-out.

- The person concerned would be shown the evidence in private and invited to stand down.

- If a new leader emerged, it would then be for the Queen to invite him to form a government.

- The Department is inviting applications from groups within the Borough.

VB

3. invite invites inviting invited
If something you say or do invites trouble or criticism, it makes trouble or criticism more likely.

- I realise that an Englishman who generalises about Ireland invites trouble.

- Their refusal to compromise will inevitably invite more criticism from the UN.

VB

4. invite invites
An invite is an invitation to something such as a party or a meal. (INFORMAL)

- They haven't got an invite to the wedding.

N-COUNT

inviting *

1. inviting
If you say that something is inviting , you mean that it has good qualities that attract you or make you want to experience it.

- The February air was soft, cool, and inviting.

- There is an inviting restaurant with an outdoor terrace.

- ...an inviting smile.

ADJ-GRADED

2. invitingly

- The waters of the tropics are invitingly clear.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v
See also invite .

invite

verb

1.

request

ask

beg

bid

summon

2.

encourage

ask for informal

attract

court

entice

provoke

tempt

welcome

inviting

adjective

tempting

alluring

appealing

attractive

enticing

mouthwatering

seductive

welcoming

in vitro

in vitro
In vitro fertilization is a method of helping a woman to have a baby in which an egg is removed from one of her ovaries, fertilized outside her body, and then replaced in her womb.
ADJ: ADJ n

invocation

[D.J.:ˌɪnvəˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪnvəˈkeʃən]

n.

祈祷,乞求

乞灵,乞求神助

invocatory

adj.

invocatory

[D.J.:inˈvɔkətəri]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɑkəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

祈求的,祈愿的

invocation

1. invocation invocations
An invocation is a request for help or forgiveness made to a god. (FORMAL)

- ...an invocation for divine guidance.

N-VAR: oft N prep

2. invocation invocations
An invocation is a prayer at a public meeting, usually at the beginning. (AM)

- Please stand and pledge the flag, after which Dr. Jerome Taylor will give the invocation.

N-COUNT

invocation

noun

appeal

entreaty

petition

prayer

supplication

invoice

[D.J.:ˈɪnˌvɔɪs]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌvɔɪs]

n.

发票

vt.

开…的发票

invoicing

[ˈinvɔisiŋ]

n.

货品计价

invoice *

1. invoice invoices
An invoice is a document that lists goods that have been supplied or services that have been done, and says how much money you owe for them.

- We will then send you an invoice for the total course fees.

- His £700 invoice was settled immediately in cash.

N-COUNT: oft N for n
= bill

2. invoice invoices invoicing invoiced
If you invoice someone, you send them a bill for goods or services you have provided them with.

- The agency invoices the client who then pays the full amount to the agency.

VB
= bill

invoke

[D.J.:ɪnˈvəʊk]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvok]

vt.

援引, 援用;行使(权利等)

祈求救助

恳求;乞求

invoke *

1. invoke invokes invoking invoked
If you invoke a law, you state that you are taking a particular action because that law allows or tells you to.

- The judge invoked an international law that protects refugees.

VB

2. invoke invokes invoking invoked
If you invoke something such as a principle, a saying, or a famous person, you refer to them in order to support your argument.

- He invoked memories of Britain's near-disastrous disarmament in the 1930s to argue that the project could not be postponed.

- In political matters George Washington went out of his way to avoid invoking the authority of Christ.

VB

3. invoke invokes invoking invoked
If something such as a piece of music invokes a feeling or an image, it causes someone to have the feeling or to see the image. Many people consider this use to be incorrect.

- `Appalachian Spring' by Aaron Copland invoked the atmosphere of the wide open spaces of the prairies.

VB
= evoke

4. invoke invokes invoking invoked
If someone invokes a god, they ask the god for help or forgiveness. (LITERARY)

- The great magicians of old always invoked their gods with sacrifice.

VB
= call upon

invoke

verb

1.

call upon

appeal to

beg

beseech

entreat

implore

petition

pray

supplicate

2.

apply

implement

initiate

put into effect

resort to

use

involuntarily

[D.J.:ɪnˈv ɔləntərɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪnˈv ɑlənˌt ɛrəlɪ]

adv.

非自愿地;非出于本意地

无意地;偶然地

不由自主地;本能地

involuntary

[D.J.:ɪnˈvɔlənˌteri:]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɑlənˌtɛri]

adj.

无意识做出的;非故意的

involuntary *

1. involuntary
If you make an involuntary movement or exclamation, you make it suddenly and without intending to because you are unable to control yourself.

- Another surge of pain in my ankle caused me to give an involuntary shudder.

ADJ

2. involuntarily

- His left eyelid twitched involuntarily.

ADV: ADV with v

3. involuntary
You use involuntary to describe an action or situation which is forced on someone.

- ...insurance policies that cover death, accident, sickness and involuntary unemployment...

- Involuntary repatriation of Haitians began this week.

ADJ
= forced

involuntary

adjective

unintentional

automatic

instinctive

reflex

spontaneous

unconscious

uncontrolled

unthinking

involve

[D.J.:inˈvɔlv]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɑlv]

vt.

使某事物成为必要条件或结果; 需要

使参与, 牵涉

involved

[D.J.:ɪnˈvɔlvd]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvɑlvd]

adj.

复杂难懂的;与他人有密切关系的

involving

包括,使…陷于

involve ****

1. involve involves involving involved
If a situation or activity involves something, that thing is a necessary part or consequence of it.

- Running a kitchen involves a great deal of discipline and speed.

- Nicky's job as a public relations director involves spending quite a lot of time with other people.

VB
= entail

2. involve involves involving involved
If a situation or activity involves someone, they are taking part in it.

- If there was a cover-up, it involved people at the very highest levels of government.

- ...a riot involving a hundred inmates...

- Detectives launched an operation involving Interpol and Nigerian police.

VB

3. involve involves involving involved
If you say that someone involves themselves in something, you mean that they take part in it, often in a way that is unnecessary or unwanted.

- I seem to have involved myself in something I don't understand.

VB

4. involve involves involving involved
If you involve someone else in something, you get them to take part in it.

- Noel and I do everything together, he involves me in everything.

- Before too long he started involving me in the more confidential aspects of the job.

VB

5. involve involves involving involved
If one thing involves you in another thing, especially something unpleasant or inconvenient, the first thing causes you to do or deal with the second.

- A late booking may involve you in extra cost.

- This involved me in a round trip of over 400 miles.

VB

involved ****

1. involved
If you are involved in a situation or activity, you are taking part in it or have a strong connection with it.

- If she were involved in business, she would make a strong chief executive.

- She became involved with political causes after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.

- The Farmers' Club is an organisation for people involved in agriculture.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ in/with n

2. involved
If you are involved in something, you give a lot of time, effort, or attention to it.

- The family were deeply involved in Jewish culture.

- ...women who are so involved in their careers that they have no time for friendship.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ in n

3. involved
The things involved in something such as a job or system are the necessary parts or consequences of it.

- We believe the time and hard work involved in completing such an assignment are worthwhile.

- He cannot reveal how much money is involved in the scheme.

- Let's take a look at some of the figures involved.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ in n

4. involved
If a situation or activity is involved , it has a lot of different parts or aspects, often making it difficult to understand, explain, or do.

- The operations can be quite involved, requiring many procedures in order to restructure the anatomy.

ADJ-GRADED
= complicated complex

5. involved
If one person is involved with another, especially someone they are not married to, they are having a sexual or romantic relationship.

- During a visit to Kenya in 1928 he became romantically involved with a married woman.

ADJ-GRADED: oft v-link ADJ with n

involve

verb

1.

entail

imply

mean

necessitate

presuppose

require

2.

concern

affect

draw in

implicate

touch

involved

adjective

1.

complicated

complex

confusing

convoluted

elaborate

intricate

labyrinthine

tangled

tortuous

2.

concerned

caught (up)

implicated

mixed up in or with

participating

taking part

involvement

[D.J.:ɪnˈvɔlvmənt]

n.

参与;加入;插手

耗费时间;投入;沉迷

恋爱;性爱

involvement ***

1. involvement
Your involvement in something is the fact that you are taking part in it.

- You have no proof of my involvement in anything.

- She disliked his involvement with the group and disliked his friends.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N in/with n
= participation

2. involvement
Involvement is the enthusiasm that you feel when you care deeply about something.

- Ben has always felt a deep involvement with animals.

N-UNCOUNT
= attachment

3. involvement involvements
An involvement is a close relationship between two people, especially if they are not married to each other.

- They were very good friends but there was no romantic involvement.

- Mahler was also known for his passionate involvements outside marriage.

N-VAR
= attachment

involvement

noun

connection

association

commitment

interest

participation

invulnerability

n.

不会受伤害,刀枪不入

invulnerable

[D.J.:ɪnˈvʌlnərəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪnˈvʌlnərəbəl]

adj.

不会受伤害的, 刀枪不入的

invulnerable

1. invulnerable
If someone or something is invulnerable , they cannot be harmed or damaged.

- Many daughters mistakenly assume that their mothers are invulnerable and all-powerful.

- ...a system that would make the U.S. invulnerable to nuclear attack.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
≠ vulnerable

2. invulnerability

- They have a sense of invulnerability to disease.

N-UNCOUNT

invulnerable

adjective

safe

impenetrable

indestructible

insusceptible

invincible

proof against

secure

unassailable

inward

[D.J.:ˈinwəd]

[K.K.:ˈɪnwəd]

adj.

里面的, 内部的

向里面的

内心的, 精神的

adv.

向内

inwardly

[D.J.:ˈɪnwədli:]

[K.K.:ˈɪnwədli]

adv.

在内心;秘密地

inward *

1. inward
Your inward thoughts or feelings are the ones that you do not express or show to other people.

- I sighed with inward relief.

- ...a glow of inward satisfaction.

ADJ: ADJ n
= inner

2. inwardly

- Chantal smiled inwardly.

- Sara, while remaining outwardly amiable toward all concerned, was inwardly furious.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. inward
An inward movement is one towards the inside or centre of something.

- ...a sharp, inward breath like a gasp...

- The athlete takes off from one leg from an inward twist.

ADJ: ADJ n

inward

adjective

1.

incoming

entering

inbound

ingoing

2.

internal

inner

inside

interior

3.

private

confidential

hidden

inmost

innermost

personal

secret

inwardly

adverb

privately

at heart

deep down

inside

secretly

inward investment

inward investment
Inward investment is the investment of money in a country by companies from outside that country.
N-UNCOUNT

inward-looking

inward-looking
If you describe a people or society as inward-looking , you mean that they are more interested in themselves than in other people or societies.

- ...an insular and inward-looking community that doesn't like to be told what to think by outsiders.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

inwards

[ˈinwədz]

adv.

向内地,向内部地

inwards *

inwards
If something moves or faces inwards , it moves or faces towards the inside or centre of something.

- She pressed back against the door until it swung inwards.

- Keeping your heels on the ground, turn your feet inwards.

ADV: ADV after v The form inward is also used. In American English, inward is more usual
≠ outwards

in-your-face

[D.J.:ˈɪnˌjʊəˈfeɪs, -ˌjɔ:-, -ˌjəʊr-, -jə]

[K.K.:ˈɪnˌjʊrˈfes, -ˌjɔr-, -ˌjor-, -jər]

adj.

〈俚〉胆大妄为的

in-your-face

in-your-face
Someone who has an in-your-face attitude seems determined to behave in a way that is unusual or shocking, and does not care what people think of them. (INFORMAL)

- It's in-your-face feminism, and it's meant to shock.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also in-yer-face .

iodine

[D.J.:ˈaɪəˌdaɪn, -dɪn, -ˌdi:n]

[K.K.:ˈaɪəˌdaɪn, -dɪn, -ˌdin]

n.

<化>碘

iodine *

iodine
Iodine is a dark-coloured substance used in medicine and photography.
N-UNCOUNT

ion

[D.J.:ˈaɪən]

[K.K.:ˈaɪən]

n.

<物>离子

ion *

ion ions
Ions are electrically charged atoms. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl

ionizer

n.

离子发生器

ionizer

ionizer ionizers
An ionizer is a device which is meant to make the air in a room more healthy by removing positive ions.
N-COUNT (BRIT) also ioniser

iota

[D.J.:aɪˈəʊtə]

[K.K.:aɪˈotə]

n.

希腊文的第九个字母

极少量,一点儿

iota

1. iota
If you say that there is not an iota or not one iota of something, you are emphasizing that there is not even a very small amount of it.

- He's never before shown an iota of interest in any kind of social work that I know of.

QUANT: with brd-neg, QUANT of n-uncount emphasis
= jot

2. iota
You can use an iota or one iota to emphasize a negative statement. Not an iota or not one iota means not even to a small extent or degree.

- Our credit standards haven't changed one iota.

PHR: with brd-neg, PHR after v emphasis
= a jot

IOU

[D.J.:ˌaɪəʊˈju:]

[K.K.:ˌaɪoˈju]

n.

借据,欠条

IOU

IOU IOUs
An IOU is a written promise that you will pay back some money that you have borrowed. IOU is an abbreviation for `I owe you'.
N-COUNT

ipso facto

ipso facto
If something is ipso facto true, it must be true, because of a fact that has been mentioned.

- If a crime occurs then there is, ipso facto, a guilty party.

ADV: ADV with cl/group

IQ

abbr.

intelligence quotient智商

IQ *

IQ IQs
Your IQ is your level of intelligence, as indicated by a special test that you do. IQ is an abbreviation for `intelligence quotient'.

- He possesses an IQ of only 77.

- His IQ is above average.

- ...IQ tests.

N-VAR: usu with supp

ir-

pref.

用于以r开始的字

ir-

ir-
Ir- is added to words that begin with the letter `r' to form words with the opposite meaning.

- His behaviour was becoming increasingly irrational.

- ...its mixture of satirical wit, irreverence and spontaneity.

PREFIX

Iranian

[D.J.:iˈreinjən]

[K.K.:ɪˈreniən, ɪˈrɑ-, aɪˈre-]

adj.

伊朗的

n.

伊朗人

Iranian ***

1. Iranian
Iranian means belonging or relating to Iran, or to its people or culture.

- ...an Iranian writer in her mid-forties.

ADJ

2. Iranian Iranians
An Iranian is an Iranian citizen, or a person of Iranian origin.
N-COUNT

Iraqi

[D.J.:iˈrɑ:ki]

[K.K.:ɪˈræki, ɪˈrɑki]

adj.

伊拉克的

n.

伊拉克人

Iraqi ***

1. Iraqi
Iraqi means belonging or relating to Iraq, or to its people or culture.

- ...the Iraqi ambassador to the US.

ADJ

2. Iraqi Iraqis
An Iraqi is an Iraqi citizen, or a person of Iraqi origin.
N-COUNT

irascibility

n.

易怒,脾气暴躁

irascible

[D.J.:ɪˈræsəbəl, aɪˈræs-]

[K.K.:ɪˈræsəbəl, aɪˈræs-]

adj.

易怒的

性情暴躁的

irascibility

n.

irascible

irascible
If you describe someone as irascible , you mean that they become angry very easily. (WRITTEN)

- He had an irascible temper.

ADJ-GRADED
= quick-tempered

irate

[D.J.:aɪˈreɪt, ˈaɪˌreɪt]

[K.K.:aɪˈret, ˈaɪˌret]

adj.

盛怒的

irate

irate
If someone is irate , they are very angry about something.

- The owner was so irate he almost threw me out of the place.

- She then wrote an extremely irate letter to the New Statesman about me.

ADJ-GRADED
= incensed furious

irate

adjective

angry

annoyed

cross

enraged

furious

incensed

indignant

infuriated

livid

IRC

[D.J.:ˌaɪɑ:ˈsi:]

[K.K.:ˌaɪɑrˈsi]

abbr.

Internet Relay Chatting , Internet 在线聊天系统

IRC

[D.J.:ˌaɪɑ:ˈsi:]

[K.K.:ˌaɪɑrˈsi]

abbr.

Internet Relay Chatting , Internet 在线聊天系统

IRC

IRC
IRC is a way of having conversations with people who are using the Internet, especially people you do not know. IRC is an abbreviation for `Internet Relay Chat'.
N-UNCOUNT

ire

[D.J.:ˈaiə]

[K.K.:aɪr]

n.

愤怒

ire

ire
Ire is anger. (FORMAL)

- Their ire was directed mainly at Warrington and Wigan.

N-UNCOUNT
= wrath

iridescence

[D.J.:ˌiriˈdesəns]

[K.K.:ˌɪrɪˈdɛsəns]

n.

彩虹色

iridescent

[D.J.:ˌɪrɪˈdesənt]

[K.K.:ˌɪrɪˈdɛsənt]

adj.

彩虹色的

(随位置不同而)变色的,闪色的

iridescence

n.

iridescent

iridescent
Something that is iridescent has many bright colours that seem to keep changing. (LITERARY)

- ...iridescent bubbles.

ADJ

iris

[D.J.:ˈaɪərɪs]

[K.K.:ˈaɪrɪs]

n.

鸢尾(花)

虹膜

iris *

1. iris irises
The iris is the round coloured part of a person's eye.
N-COUNT

2. iris irises
An iris is a tall plant with long leaves and large purple, yellow, or white flowers.
N-COUNT

Irish

[D.J.:ˈaɪərɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈaɪrɪʃ]

adj.

爱尔兰的;爱尔兰人〔语,文化…〕的

n.

爱尔兰人

爱尔兰语

Irishism

n.

爱尔兰风俗

Irish bull

自相矛盾的说法

Irish diamond

水晶

Irishism

[D.J.:ˈaiəriʃizəm]

[K.K.:ˈaɪrɪʃˌɪzəm]

n.

爱尔兰语法

Irish ***

1. Irish
Irish means belonging or relating to Ireland, or to its people, language, or culture. Irish sometimes refers to the whole of Ireland, and sometimes only to the Republic of Ireland.

- ...the Prime Minister of the Irish Republic.

- ...traditional Irish music.

ADJ

2. Irish
The Irish are the people of Ireland, or of the Republic of Ireland.

- The Irish educate proportionately more young people to university level than the British.

N-PLURAL: usu the N

3. Irish
Irish is a Celtic language spoken by people who live in Ireland, especially in the Republic of Ireland.
N-UNCOUNT

Irishman

[D.J.:ˈaiəriʃmən]

[K.K.:ˈaɪrɪʃmən]

n.

爱尔兰人

Irishman *

Irishman Irishmen
An Irishman is a man who is an Irish citizen or is of Irish origin.
N-COUNT

Irishwoman

[D.J.:ˈaiəriʃˌwumən]

[K.K.:ˈaɪrɪʃˌwʊmən]

n.

爱尔兰女人

Irishwoman *

Irishwoman Irishwomen
An Irishwoman is a woman who is an Irish citizen or is of Irish origin.
N-COUNT

irk

[D.J.:ɜ:k]

[K.K.:ə..k]

vt.

<正,文>使烦恼;激怒

irk

1. irk irks irking irked
If something irks you, it irritates or annoys you. (FORMAL)

- The rehearsal process also irked him increasingly.

- She was irked by their behavior.

- I must admit it irks me to see this guy get all this free publicity.

- It irks them that some people have more of a chance than others for their voices to be heard.

VB
= infuriate

2. irked

- Claire had seemed a little irked when he left.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

irksome

[D.J.:ˈɜ:ksəm]

[K.K.:ˈə..ksəm]

adj.

<正>令人厌烦的

irksome

irksome
If something is irksome , it irritates or annoys you. (FORMAL)

- ...the irksome regulations.

ADJ-GRADED
= infuriating

irksome

adjective

irritating

annoying

bothersome

disagreeable

exasperating

tiresome

troublesome

trying

vexing

wearisome

iron

[D.J.:ˈaiən]

[K.K.:ˈaɪən]

n.

铁

熨斗

镣铐

坚强, 刚强; 冷酷

vt. & vi.

熨平

ironing

[D.J.:ˈaɪənɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈaɪənɪŋ]

n.

熨烫

刚熨好的〔待熨烫的〕衣物

irons

[ˈaiəns]

n.

镣铐

iron ***

1. iron
Iron is an element which usually takes the form of a hard, dark grey metal. It is used to make steel, and also forms part of many tools, buildings, and vehicles. Very small amounts of iron occur in your blood and in food.

- The huge, iron gate was locked.

- ...the highest grade iron ore deposits in the world...

- Some would call these odd pieces of iron and wood `antiques'.

- He was a tall, lanky man with iron-grey hair.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n
See also cast-iron .

2. iron irons
An iron is an electrical device with a flat metal base. You heat it until the base is hot, then rub it over clothes to remove creases.
N-COUNT

3. iron irons ironing ironed
If you iron clothes, you remove the creases from them using an iron.

- She used to iron his shirts.

- Don't you think there's something nice about a freshly ironed shirt?

VB
= press

4. ironing

- I managed to get all the ironing done this morning.

N-UNCOUNT

5. iron
You can use iron to describe the character or behaviour of someone who is very firm in their decisions and actions, or who can control their feelings well.

- ...a man of icy nerve and iron will...

- She delighted in the nickname, the `iron lady'.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. iron
Iron is used in expressions such as an iron hand and iron discipline to describe strong, harsh, or unfair methods of control which do not allow people much freedom.

- He died in 1985 after ruling Albania with an iron fist for 40 years.

- ...a people living permanently in the iron grip of poverty.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. iron
If someone has a lot of irons in the fire , they are involved in several different activities or have several different plans.

- Too many irons in the fire can sap your energy and prevent you from seeing which path to take.

PHR

8. iron
If someone pumps iron , they exercise by lifting weights using special machines. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects

iron

adjective

1.

ferrous

chalybeate

ferric

2.

inflexible

adamant

hard

implacable

indomitable

rigid

steely

strong

tough

unbending

unyielding

iron out ***

iron out irons out; ironing out; ironed out
If you iron out difficulties, you resolve them and bring them to an end.

- `It was in the beginning, when we were still ironing out problems,' a company spokesman said.

- The various groups had now managed to iron out their differences.

PHR-V
= smooth out

iron out

verb

settle

clear up

get rid of

put right

reconcile

resolve

smooth over

sort out

straighten out

Iron Age

Iron Age
The Iron Age was a period of time which began when people started making things from iron about three thousand years ago.

- ...the remains of an Iron Age fort.

N-PROPER: the N

ironclad

[D.J.:ˈaɪənˌklæd]

[K.K.:ˈaɪənˌklæd]

adj.

装甲的

<美>严格的

n.

装甲舰

ironclad

ironclad
If you describe a guarantee or plan as ironclad , you are emphasizing that it has been carefully put together, and that you think it is absolutely certain to work or be successful.

- ...ironclad guarantees of safe passage...

- The case for testing now is ironclad.

ADJ-GRADED also iron-clad . emphasis
= copper-bottomed

Iron Curtain *

1. Iron Curtain
People referred to the border that separated the Soviet Union and the communist countries of Eastern Europe from the Western European countries as the Iron Curtain .

- The collapse of the Iron Curtain had immediate impact on the lives of everyone in Germany.

- ...when he travelled behind the Iron Curtain in the 1970s.

N-PROPER: the N

2. Iron Curtain
People used to refer to the Soviet Union and its East European allies as the Iron Curtain countries.
ADJ: ADJ n

ironic

[D.J.:aɪˈrɔnɪk]

[K.K.:aɪˈrɑnɪk]

adj.

冷嘲的,挖苦的

具有讽刺意味的;出乎意料的

用反语的;爱挖苦人的

令人啼笑皆非的

ironic **

1. ironic
When you make an ironic remark, you say something that you do not mean, as a joke.

- At the most solemn moments he will flash a mocking smile or make an ironic remark.

- People used to call me Mr Popularity at high school, but they were being ironic.

ADJ-GRADED

2. ironic
If you say that it is ironic that something should happen, you mean that it is odd or amusing because it involves a contrast.

- Does he not find it ironic that the sort of people his movie celebrates hardly ever watch this kind of movie?

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ that

ironic ironical

adjective

1.

sarcastic

double-edged

mocking

sardonic

satirical

with tongue in cheek

wry

2.

paradoxical

incongruous

ironically

[aiˈrɔnikəli]

adv.

嘲讽地, 挖苦地

具有讽刺意味地

ironically **

1. ironically
You use ironically to draw attention to a situation which is odd or amusing because it involves a contrast.

- Ironically, for a man who hated war, he would have made a superb war cameraman.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl

2. ironically
If you say something ironically , you do not mean it and are saying it as a joke.

- Classmates at West Point had ironically dubbed him Beauty.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

ironing board

ironing board ironing boards
An ironing board is a long narrow board covered with cloth on which you iron clothes.
N-COUNT

ironmonger

[D.J.:ˈaiənmʌŋɡə]

[K.K.:ˈaɪənˌmʌŋɡɚ, -ˌmɑŋ-]

n.

铁器商,五金商

ironmonger

1. ironmonger ironmongers
An ironmonger is a shopkeeper who sells articles for the house and garden such as tools, nails, and pans. (BRIT; in AM usually use hardware dealer )
N-COUNT

2. ironmonger ironmongers
An ironmonger or an ironmonger's is a shop where articles for the house and garden such as tools, nails, and pans are sold. (BRIT; in AM usually use hardware store )
N-COUNT: oft the N

ironmongery

[D.J.:ˈaiənˌmʌŋɡəri]

[K.K.:ˈaɪənˌmʌŋɡəri, -ˌmɑŋ-]

n.

铁器类,铁器店

ironmongery

ironmongery
Ironmongery is articles for the house and garden such as tools, nails, and pans which are sold in an ironmonger's shop. (BRIT; in AM usually use hardware )
N-UNCOUNT
= hardware

ironwork

[D.J.:ˈaiənwə:k]

[K.K.:ˈaɪənˌwɚk]

n.

铁制品,铁制部分

ironwork

ironwork
Iron objects or structures are referred to as ironwork .

- ...the ironwork on the doors.

- ...an ironwork spiral staircase.

N-UNCOUNT

irony

[D.J.:ˈaiərəni]

[K.K.:ˈaɪrəni, ˈaɪə-]

n.

反语, 冷嘲

具有讽刺意味的事, 嘲弄

irony **

1. irony
Irony is a subtle form of humour which involves saying things that you do not mean.

- They find only irony in the narrator's concern.

- Sinclair examined the closed, clever face for any hint of irony, but found none.

N-UNCOUNT

2. irony ironies
If you talk about the irony of a situation, you mean that it is odd or amusing because it involves a contrast.

- The irony is that many officials in Washington agree in private that their policy is inconsistent.

- Opposition parties lost no time in stressing the irony of his return to power after being rejected by voters in November.

N-VAR: oft N of/in n

irony

noun

1.

sarcasm

mockery

satire

2.

paradox

incongruity

irradiate

[D.J.:ɪˈreɪdi:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ɪˈrediˌet]

vt.

照亮;使发光;使生辉

用X射线等治疗

irradiation

[D.J.:iˌreidiˈeiʃən]

[K.K.:ɪˌrediˈeʃən]

n.

放射,照射

irradiate *

1. irradiate irradiates irradiating irradiated
If someone or something is irradiated , they are exposed to a large amount of radioactivity. (TECHNICAL)

- He observed that leukaemia in children was more common if the fathers had been heavily irradiated.

- ...the Chernobyl disaster, which irradiated large parts of Europe.

VB

2. irradiation

- ...the harmful effects of irradiation and pollution.

N-UNCOUNT

3. irradiate irradiates irradiating irradiated
If food is irradiated , it is treated with radiation to kill bacteria and make it last longer. (TECHNICAL)

- It's safe to eat foods that have been irradiated to prolong their shelf life.

- ...the risks and benefits of irradiated food.

VB: usu passive

4. irradiation

- ...doubts about the safety of food irradiation.

N-UNCOUNT: oft n N

irrational

[D.J.:ɪˈræʃənəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈræʃənəl]

adj.

无理性的;失去理性的;不合理的

irrationality

[D.J.:iˌræʃəˈnæləti]

[K.K.:ɪˌræʃəˈnælɪti]

n.

不合理

irrationally

adv.

不合理地,无理性地

irrational *

1. irrational
If you describe someone's feelings and behaviour as irrational , you mean they are not based on logical reasons or clear thinking.

- ...an irrational fear of science.

ADJ-GRADED
= unreasonable ≠ rational

2. irrationally

- People often behave irrationally, especially when in large masses.

- My husband is irrationally jealous over my past loves.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj, ADV with cl

3. irrationality

- ...the irrationality of his behaviour.

N-UNCOUNT

irrational

adjective

illogical

absurd

crazy

nonsensical

preposterous

unreasonable

irreconcilable

[D.J.:ɪˌrekənˈsaɪləbəl, ɪˈrekənˌsaɪ-]

[K.K.:ɪˌrɛkənˈsaɪləbəl, ɪˈrɛkənˌsaɪ-]

adj.

(观点、目标或争议)不可调和的,不相容的

irreconcilably

adv.

irreconcilable

1. irreconcilable
If two things such as opinions or proposals are irreconcilable , they are so different from each other that it is not possible to believe or have both of them. (FORMAL)

- ...incompatibility between two irreconcilable positions...

- These old concepts are irreconcilable with modern life.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n
= incompatible

2. irreconcilable
An irreconcilable disagreement or conflict is so serious that it cannot be settled. (FORMAL)

- ...an irreconcilable clash of personalities.

ADJ

irredeemable

[D.J.:ˌiriˈdi:məbl]

[K.K.:ˌɪrɪˈdiməbəl]

adj.

不能赎回的,不能兑现的,不可救药的

irredeemable

1. irredeemable
If someone or something has an irredeemable fault, it cannot be corrected. (FORMAL)

- He is still, in the eyes of some, an irredeemable misogynist.

ADJ
= incurable

2. irredeemably

- The applicant was irredeemably incompetent.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

irreducible

[D.J.:ˌɪriˈdju:sibl]

[K.K.:ˌɪrɪˈdusəbəl, -ˈdju-]

adj.

不能减少的, 不能简化的

irreducible

irreducible
Irreducible things cannot be made simpler or smaller. (FORMAL)

- ...the irreducible complexity of human life.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ reducible

irrefutable

[D.J.:ɪˈrefjətəbəl, ˌɪrɪˈfju:-]

[K.K.:ɪˈrɛfjətəbəl, ˌɪrɪˈfju-]

adj.

无可辩驳的,驳不倒的

irrefutably

adv.

irrefutable

irrefutable
Irrefutable evidence, statements, or arguments cannot be shown to be incorrect or unsatisfactory. (FORMAL)

- The pictures provide irrefutable evidence of the incident.

- Her logic was irrefutable.

ADJ
= indisputable

irrefutable

adjective

undeniable

certain

incontestable

incontrovertible

indisputable

indubitable

sure

unquestionable

irregular

[D.J.:ɪˈregjələ]

[K.K.:ɪˈrɛɡjəlɚ]

adj.

不对称的, 不规则的

不定期的

不合规范的

不规则变化的

irregularities

谬误

irregularity

[D.J.:ɪˌregjəˈlærɪti:]

[K.K.:ɪˌrɛɡjəˈlærɪti]

n.

不规则;不平整;不整齐

不规则的事物;不平整的东西

不正当的行为;违法行为;品行不端

irregularly

[D.J.:ɪˈre gjʊləlɪ]

[K.K.:ɪˈr ɛɡjəlɚlɪ]

adv.

不规则地

irregular **

1. irregular
If events or actions occur at irregular intervals, the periods of time between them are of different lengths.

- Cars passed at irregular intervals.

- She was taken to hospital suffering from an irregular heartbeat.

- He worked irregular hours.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ regular

2. irregularly

- He was eating irregularly, steadily losing weight.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. irregularity irregularities

- ...a dangerous irregularity in her heartbeat.

N-VAR

4. irregular
Something that is irregular is not smooth or straight, or does not form a regular pattern.

- The paint was drying in irregular patches.

- He had bad teeth, irregular and discolored.

ADJ-GRADED
= uneven ≠ regular

5. irregularly

- Located off-center in the irregularly shaped lake was a fountain.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV -ed

6. irregularity

- ...treatment of abnormalities or irregularities of the teeth.

N-VAR

7. irregular
Irregular behaviour is dishonest or not in accordance with the normal rules.

- ...the minister accused of irregular business practices...

- `Will you do this for me, Leo? It's the only way.' --- `It's highly irregular, Ralph.'

ADJ-GRADED

8. irregularity

- ...charges arising from alleged financial irregularities.

N-VAR

9. irregular
An irregular verb, noun, or adjective has different forms from most other verbs, nouns, or adjectives in the language. For example, `break' is an irregular verb because its past form is `broke', not `breaked'.
ADJ
≠ regular

10. irregular
Irregular troops do not belong to an official national army.

- At least 17 different irregular units are engaged in the war.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ regular

11. irregular irregulars
Irregulars are irregular troops.
N-COUNT: usu pl

irregular

adjective

1.

variable

erratic

fitful

haphazard

occasional

random

spasmodic

sporadic

unsystematic

2.

unconventional

abnormal

exceptional

extraordinary

peculiar

unofficial

unorthodox

unusual

3.

uneven

asymmetrical

bumpy

crooked

jagged

lopsided

ragged

rough

irregularity

noun

1.

uncertainty

desultoriness

disorganization

haphazardness

2.

abnormality

anomaly

oddity

peculiarity

unorthodoxy

3.

unevenness

asymmetry

bumpiness

jaggedness

lopsidedness

raggedness

roughness

irrelevance

[D.J.:iˈreləvəns]

[K.K.:ɪˈrɛləvəns]

n.

枝节问题

irrelevance

1. irrelevance
If you talk about the irrelevance of something, you mean that it is irrelevant.

- ...the utter irrelevance of the debate.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
≠ relevance

2. irrelevance irrelevances
If you describe something as an irrelevance , you have a low opinion of it because it is not important in a situation.

- The Patriotic Front has been a political irrelevance since it was abandoned by its foreign backers.

N-COUNT
= irrelevancy

irrelevancy

[D.J.:ɪˈreləvənsi:]

[K.K.:ɪˈrɛləvənsi]

n.

不恰当,离题,不相干的事物

irrelevancy

irrelevancy irrelevancies
If you describe something as an irrelevancy , you have a low opinion of it because it is not important in a situation.

- Why was he wasting her time with these irrelevancies?

N-COUNT
= irrelevance

irrelevant

[D.J.:ɪˈreləvənt]

[K.K.:ɪˈrɛləvənt]

adj.

不相干的,不相关的

irrelevantly

adv.

不恰当地,不合适地

irrelevant **

1. irrelevant
If you describe something such as a fact or remark as irrelevant , you mean that it is not connected with what you are discussing or dealing with.

- ...irrelevant details...

- The government decided that their testimony would be irrelevant to the case.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
≠ relevant

2. irrelevantly

- She would have hated the suit, I thought irrelevantly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV with cl

3. irrelevant
If you say that something is irrelevant , you mean that it is not important in a situation.

- Their old hard-won skills were irrelevant.

- The choice of subject matter is irrelevant.

- He said politics has become increasingly irrelevant to most Americans.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

irrelevant

adjective

unconnected

beside the point

extraneous

immaterial

impertinent

inapplicable

inappropriate

neither here nor there

unrelated

irreligious

[D.J.:ˌiriˈlidʒəs]

[K.K.:ˌɪrɪˈlɪdʒəs]

adj.

没有宗教信仰的,无宗教的,无信仰的

irreligious

irreligious
An irreligious person does not accept the beliefs of any religion or opposes all religions.

- ...irreligious communists.

ADJ-GRADED
= atheistic

irremediable

[D.J.:ˌɪrɪˈmi:di:əbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪrɪˈmidiəbəl]

adj.

不能改正的,不可补救的

irremediably

adv.

irremediable

irremediable
If a bad situation or change is irremediable , the situation cannot be improved. (FORMAL)

- His memory suffered irremediable damage.

ADJ
= irreparable

irreparable

[D.J.:ɪˈrepərəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈrɛpərəbəl]

adj.

不能修复的;不可弥补的

irreparably

adv.

不能挽回地,不能恢复地

irreparable *

1. irreparable
Irreparable damage or harm is so bad that it cannot be repaired or put right. (FORMAL)

- The move would cause irreparable harm to the organization.

ADJ
= irreversible

2. irreparably

- She was given a new heart after her own was irreparably damaged by a virus.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV -ed

irreparable

adjective

beyond repair

incurable

irremediable

irretrievable

irreversible

irreplaceable

[D.J.:ˌiriˈpleisəbl]

[K.K.:ˌɪrɪˈplesəbəl]

adj.

不能调换的,不能代替的

irreplaceable

irreplaceable
Irreplaceable things are so special that they cannot be replaced if they are lost or destroyed.

- ...a rare and irreplaceable jewel...

- There's one man who's considered irreplaceable.

ADJ
≠ replaceable

irrepressible

[D.J.:ˌɪrɪˈpresəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪrɪˈprɛsəbəl]

adj.

压抑不住的

irrepressibly

adv.

irrepressibly

adv.

镇压不住地,无法抑制地

irrepressible

1. irrepressible
An irrepressible person is lively and energetic and never seems to be depressed.

- ...the irrepressible Viv Allen...

- Jon's exuberance was irrepressible.

ADJ-GRADED

2. irrepressibly

- Gavin was irrepressibly rebellious.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/-ed

irrepressible

adjective

ebullient

boisterous

buoyant

effervescent

unstoppable

irreproachable

[D.J.:ˌɪrɪˈprəʊtʃəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪrɪˈprotʃəbəl]

adj.

无瑕疵的,无可指责的

irreproachably

adv.

irreproachably

adv.

不可非难地,无过失地

irreproachable

irreproachable
If you say that someone's character or behaviour is irreproachable , you mean that they behave so well that they cannot be criticized.
ADJ
= impeccable

irreproachable

adjective

blameless

beyond reproach

faultless

impeccable

innocent

perfect

pure

unimpeachable

irresistible

[D.J.:ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl]

adj.

无法抗拒的

诱惑人的

irresistibly

[D.J.:ɪrəˈzɪstəblɪ]

[K.K.:ɪrəˈzɪstəblɪ]

adv.

无法抵抗地;不能自持地

极为诱惑人地

irresistible **

1. irresistible
If you describe something such as a desire or force as irresistible , you mean that it is so powerful that it makes you act in a certain way, and there is nothing you can do to prevent this.

- It proved an irresistible temptation to Hall to go back.

- ...irresistible pressure from the financial markets...

- They feel the case for change is irresistible.

ADJ-GRADED
= overwhelming

2. irresistibly

- I found myself irresistibly drawn to Steve's world.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. irresistible
If you describe something or someone as irresistible , you mean that they are so good or attractive that you cannot stop yourself from liking them or wanting them. (INFORMAL)

- The music is irresistible.

- ...irresistible granary bread.

ADJ-GRADED

4. irresistibly

- She had a gamine charm which men found irresistibly attractive.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj

irresistible

adjective

overwhelming

compelling

compulsive

overpowering

urgent

irresolute

[D.J.:ɪˈrezəˌlu:t]

[K.K.:ɪˈrɛzəˌlut]

adj.

犹豫不定的;无决断的

irresoluteness

n.

irresolution

n.

irresolution

[iˌrezəˈlju:ʃən]

n.

不决断,优柔寡断,犹豫不定

irresolute

irresolute
Someone who is irresolute cannot decide what to do. (FORMAL)

- The worst reason to launch an attack would be a fear of seeming irresolute.

- I stood irresolute beside my car.

ADJ-GRADED
= indecisive

irrespective

[D.J.:ˌɪrisˈpektiv]

[K.K.:ˌɪrɪˈspɛktɪv]

adj.

不考虑的, 不问的, 不顾的

irrespective *

irrespective
If you say that something happens or should happen irrespective of a particular thing, you mean that it is not affected or should not be affected by that thing. (FORMAL)

- ...their commitment to a society based on equality for all citizens irrespective of ethnic origin...

- This service should be available to everybody, irrespective of whether they can afford it.

PHR-PREP
= regardless of

irresponsibility

[ˈiriˌspɔnsəˈbiləti]

n.

无责任

irresponsible

[D.J.:ˌɪrɪˈspɔnsəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪrɪˈspɑnsəbəl]

adj.

不负责任的

irresponsibility

n.

不负责任

irresponsibly

adv.

不负责任地

irresponsible *

1. irresponsible
If you describe someone as irresponsible , you are criticizing them because they do things without properly considering their possible consequences.

- I felt that it was irresponsible to advocate the legalisation of drugs.

- It would be irresponsible of me not to advise my company to abandon this project.

- Many people have an irresponsible attitude towards marriage and relationships.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf disapproval
≠ responsible

2. irresponsibly

- They resent the implication that they have behaved irresponsibly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. irresponsibility

- I can only wonder at the irresponsibility of people who advocate such destruction to our environment.

N-UNCOUNT

irresponsible

adjective

immature

careless

reckless

scatterbrained

shiftless

thoughtless

unreliable

untrustworthy

irretrievable

[D.J.:ˌiriˈtri:vəbl]

[K.K.:ˌɪrɪˈtrivəbəl]

adj.

不能挽回的,不能复原的

irretrievably

adv.

不能挽回地,不能补救地

irretrievable

1. irretrievable
If you talk about irretrievable damage or an irretrievable situation, you mean that the damage or situation is so bad that there is no possibility of putting it right. (FORMAL)

- What a tragedy if the sport suffers irretrievable damage because this issue is ducked.

- ...a country in irretrievable decline.

ADJ
≠ irreparable

2. irretrievably

- Eventually her marriage broke down irretrievably.

ADV: usu ADV with v

irreverence

[D.J.:iˈrevərəns]

[K.K.:ɪˈrɛvərəns]

adj.

不尊敬的

irreverent

[D.J.:ɪˈrevərənt]

[K.K.:ɪˈrɛvərənt]

adj.

不敬的;无礼的

irreverently

adv.

不敬地,不逊地

irreverent *

1. irreverent
If you describe someone as irreverent , you mean that they do not show respect for people or things that are generally respected.

- She's irreverent, fun and hugely popular.

- Taylor combined great knowledge with an irreverent attitude to history.

ADJ-GRADED approval
≠ deferential

2. irreverence

- His irreverence for authority marks him out as a troublemaker.

N-UNCOUNT

3. irreverently

- `Jobs for the boys,' said Crosby irreverently.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

irreverent

adjective

disrespectful

cheeky informal

flippant

iconoclastic

impertinent

impudent

mocking

tongue-in-cheek

irreversibility

n.

不能反逆的性能,不可改变性

irreversible

[D.J.:ˌɪrɪˈvɜ:səbəl]

[K.K.:ˌɪrɪˈvə..səbəl]

adj.

不可更改的;不可挽回的,不可反转的

irreversibility

n.

不可更改;不可挽回,不可反转

irreversibly

adv.

不可更改地;不可挽回地,不可反转地

irreversible *

1. irreversible
If a change is irreversible , things cannot be changed back to the way they were before.

- She could suffer irreversible brain damage if she is not treated within seven days.

- The reforms are irreversible.

ADJ
≠ reversible

2. irreversibly

- Television has irreversibly changed our perception of the Royal Family.

ADV: ADV with v

irreversible

adjective

irrevocable

final

incurable

irreparable

unalterable

irrevocable

[D.J.:ɪˈrevəkəbəl]

[K.K.:ɪˈrɛvəkəbəl]

adj.

不可改变的, 不可反转的

irrevocably

adv.

不能取消地,不能撤回地

irrevocable *

1. irrevocable
If a decision, action, or change is irrevocable , it cannot be changed or reversed. (FORMAL)

- It may well be worth waiting for better times before making any irrevocable commitment.

- He said the decision was irrevocable.

ADJ

2. irrevocably

- My relationships with friends have been irrevocably altered by their reactions to my illness.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

irrevocable

adjective

fixed

fated

immutable

irreversible

predestined

predetermined

settled

unalterable

irrigate

[D.J.:ˈɪrɪˌgeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɪrɪˌɡet]

vt.

灌溉

冲洗(伤口)

irrigation

[ˌiriˈɡeiʃən]

n.

灌溉,冲洗

irrigate *

1. irrigate irrigates irrigating irrigated
To irrigate land means to supply it with water in order to help crops grow.

- None of the water from Lake Powell is used to irrigate the area.

- ...strips of cultivated land irrigated by a maze of interconnected canals.

VB

2. irrigation

- The agricultural land is hilly and the irrigation poor.

- ...a sophisticated irrigation system.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

irrigate

verb

water

flood

inundate

moisten

wet

irritability

[D.J.:ˌɪrɪtəˈbɪlɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌɪrɪtəˈbɪlɪti]

n.

易怒

过敏性

兴奋性

irritable

[D.J.:ˈɪrɪtəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈɪrɪtəbəl]

adj.

易怒的, 急躁的

irritably

[D.J.:ˈɪrɪtəblɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɪrətəblɪ]

adv.

性急地;暴躁地;易怒地

<医>过敏地

irritable *

1. irritable
If you are irritable , you are easily annoyed.

- He had been waiting for over an hour and was beginning to feel irritable.

ADJ-GRADED
= crotchety

2. irritably

- `Why are you whispering?' he asked irritably.

- The judge shook his head irritably and Juicks hushed.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. irritability

- Patients usually suffer from memory loss, personality changes, and increased irritability.

N-UNCOUNT

irritability

noun

bad temper

ill humour

impatience

irascibility

prickliness

testiness

tetchiness

touchiness

irritable

adjective

bad-tempered

cantankerous

crotchety informal

ill-tempered

irascible

oversensitive

prickly

testy

tetchy

touchy

irritant

[D.J.:ˈɪrɪtənt]

[K.K.:ˈɪrɪtənt]

adj.

有刺激性的

使无效的, 使失效的

irritant *

1. irritant irritants
If you describe something as an irritant , you mean that it keeps annoying you. (FORMAL)

- He said the issue was not a major irritant.

N-COUNT
= annoyance

2. irritant irritants
An irritant is a substance which causes a part of your body to itch or become sore. (FORMAL)

- Many pesticides are irritants.

N-COUNT

irritate

[D.J.:ˈiriteit]

[K.K.:ˈɪrɪˌtet]

vt.

使发怒, 使急躁

使感到不适, 使疼痛

irritated

[ˈiriteitid]

adj.

恼怒的,生气的

irritating

[D.J.:ˈɪrɪˌteɪtɪŋ]

adj.

气人的, 使人不愉快的

<医>起刺激作用的

irritatingly

adv.

刺激地,使愤怒地

irritate **

1. irritate irritates irritating irritated
If something irritates you, it keeps annoying you.

- Their attitude irritates me.

- Perhaps they were irritated by the sound of crying.

VB
= annoy

2. irritated

- Not surprisingly, her teacher is getting irritated with her.

ADJ-GRADED

3. irritate irritates irritating irritated
If something irritates a part of your body, it causes it to itch or become sore.

- Wear rubber gloves while chopping chillies as they can irritate the skin.

VB

irritating *

1. irritating
Something that is irritating keeps annoying you.

- They also have the irritating habit of interrupting.

ADJ-GRADED
= annoying

2. irritatingly

- They can be irritatingly indecisive at times.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj, also ADV with cl

3. irritating
An irritating substance can cause your body to itch or become sore.

- In heavy concentrations, ozone is irritating to the eyes, nose and throat.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

irritate

verb

1.

annoy

anger

bother

exasperate

get on one's nerves informal

infuriate

needle informal

nettle

rankle with

try one's patience

2.

rub

chafe

inflame

pain

irritated

adjective

annoyed

angry

bothered

cross

exasperated

nettled

piqued

put out

vexed

irritating

adjective

annoying

disturbing

infuriating

irksome

maddening

nagging

troublesome

trying

irritation

[D.J.:ˌɪrɪˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɪrɪˈteʃən]

n.

激怒;恼怒;生气;令人恼火的事

疼痛处;疼痛感

irritation **

1. irritation
Irritation is a feeling of annoyance, especially when something is happening that you cannot easily stop or control.

- For the first time Leonard felt irritation at her methods.

- He tried not to let his irritation show as he blinked in the glare of the television lights.

N-UNCOUNT
= annoyance

2. irritation irritations
An irritation is something that keeps annoying you.

- Don't allow a minor irritation in the workplace to mar your ambitions.

- He describes the tourists as an irritation.

N-COUNT
= annoyance

3. irritation irritations
Irritation in a part of your body is a feeling of slight pain and discomfort there.

- These oils may cause irritation to sensitive skins.

- This is an irritation and inflammation of the edge of the eyelid.

N-VAR

irritation

noun

1.

annoyance

anger

displeasure

exasperation

indignation

resentment

testiness

vexation

2.

nuisance

drag informal

irritant

pain in the neck informal

thorn in one's flesh

IRS

abbr.

Internal Revenue Service 美国国税局

IRS

abbr.

Internal Revenue Service 美国国税局

IRS

IRS
IRS is an abbreviation for Inland Revenue Service .
N-PROPER: the N

ISDN

n. abbr.

Integrated Services Digital Network 综合服务数字网

ISDN

ISDN
ISDN is a telephone network that can send voice and computer messages. ISDN is an abbreviation for `Integrated Service Digital Network'.

- ...an ISDN phone line.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

-ish

1. -ish
-ish is added to adjectives to form adjectives which indicate that someone or something has a quality to a small extent. For example, something that is largish is fairly large.

- She is tallish, brown-haired, and clear-skinned.

- With her was a youngish man in a dinner jacket.

- ...a tank of greenish water.

SUFFIX

2. -ish
-ish is added to nouns and names to form adjectives which indicate that someone or something is like a particular kind of person or thing. For example, `childish' means like a child, or typical of a child.

- She had entirely lost her girlish chubbiness.

- ...a man of monkish appearance.

- ...his affecting, Tom Petty-ish voice.

SUFFIX

3. -ish
-ish is added to words referring to times, dates, or ages to form words which indicate that the time or age mentioned is approximate.

- I'll call you guys tomorrow. Noon-ish.

- The nurse was fiftyish.

SUFFIX

Islam

[D.J.:ɪsˈlɑ:m, ɪz-, ˈɪsˌlɑ:m, ˈɪz-]

[K.K.:ɪsˈlɑm, ɪz-, ˈɪsˌlɑm, ˈɪz-]

n.

伊斯兰教

(总称)伊斯兰教徒,穆斯林

Islamic

adj.

伊斯兰教的

Islamism

n.

伊斯兰教义;伊斯兰教

Islamic

[izˈlæmik]

adj.

伊斯兰的,伊斯兰教的

Islamism

[D.J.:ˈizləmizm]

[K.K.:ˈɪsləˌmɪzəm, ˈɪz-]

唯心实在论

Islam ***

1. Islam
Islam is the religion of the Muslims, which was started by Mohammed.
N-UNCOUNT

2. Islam
Some people use Islam to refer to all the countries where Islam is the main religion.

- ...relations between Islam and the West.

N-UNCOUNT

Islamic ***

Islamic
Islamic means belonging or relating to Islam.

- ...Islamic law.

- ...Islamic fundamentalists.

ADJ: ADJ n

Islamist

n.

伊斯兰教主义者；伊斯兰教教义及习俗等

Islamist

Islamist Islamists
An Islamist is someone who believes strongly in Islamic ideas and laws.

- It was clear that there was significant support for the Islamists.

- ...an Islamist regime.

N-COUNT: oft N n

island

[D.J.:ˈailənd]

[K.K.:ˈaɪlənd]

n.

岛, 岛屿

islands

岛屿

island ****

island islands
An island is a piece of land that is completely surrounded by water.

- ...a wonderful day trip to the picturesque island of Gozo...

- We spent a day on Caldey Island.

- ...the Canary Islands.

N-COUNT: oft in names

island

noun

isle

ait or eyot dialect

atoll

cay or key

islet

islander

[D.J.:ˈaɪləndə]

[K.K.:ˈaɪləndɚ]

n.

岛民

islander *

islander islanders
Islanders are people who live on an island.

- The islanders endured centuries of exploitation.

- ...the Easter Islanders.

N-COUNT: usu pl

isle

[D.J.:ail]

[K.K.:aɪl]

n.

岛

isle **

isle isles
An isle is an island; often used as part of an island's name, or in literary English.

- ...the paradise isle of Bali.

- ...the Isle of Man.

N-COUNT: oft in names

islet

[D.J.:ˈailit]

[K.K.:ˈaɪlɪt]

n.

小岛

islet

islet islets
An islet is a small island. (LITERARY)
N-COUNT

-ism

1. -ism
-ism is used to form uncount nouns that refer to political or religious movements and beliefs.

- Buddhism has declined in both India and China.

- ...a time of growing Slovak nationalism.

SUFFIX

2. -ism
-ism is used to form uncount nouns that refer to attitudes and behaviour.

- ...an act of heroism...

- He didn't hide his pacifism.

SUFFIX

3. -ism
-ism is used to form uncount nouns that refer to unfair or hostile treatment of a particular group of people.

- ...discrimination based on racism, sexism and disability...

- Many women feel ageism is obstructing their career ambitions.

SUFFIX

isn't

[D.J.:ˈiznt]

[K.K.:ˈɪzənt]

不是

isn't

isn't
Isn't is the usual spoken form of is not .

isolate

[D.J.:ˈaisəleit]

[K.K.:ˈaɪsəˌlet]

vt.

使隔离, 使孤立, 使脱离

isolated

[D.J.:ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈaɪsəˌletɪd]

adj.

孤立的, 单独的

隔离的;与世隔绝的

isolating

[ˈaisəleitiŋ]

adj.

孤立的,绝缘的

isolation

[D.J.:ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌaɪsəˈleʃən]

n.

隔离, 与世隔绝

isolate *

1. isolate isolates isolating isolated
To isolate a person or organization means to cause them to lose their friends or supporters.

- This policy could isolate the country from the other permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.

- Political influence is being used to shape public opinion and isolate critics.

VB
= cut off

2. isolated

- They are finding themselves increasingly isolated within the teaching profession.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

3. isolation

- Diplomatic isolation could lead to economic disaster.

- ...the public isolation of the Prime Minister.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

4. isolate isolates isolating isolated
If you isolate yourself, or if something isolates you, you become physically or socially separated from other people.

- When he was thinking out a problem Tweed's habit was never to isolate himself in his room.

- His radicalism and refusal to compromise isolated him.

- Police officers had a siege mentality that isolated them from the people they served.

- But of course no one lives totally alone, isolated from the society around them.

VB
= cut off

5. isolate isolates isolating isolated
If you isolate something such as an idea or a problem, you separate it from others that it is connected with, so that you can concentrate on it or consider it on its own.

- Our anxieties can also be controlled by isolating thoughts, feelings and memories.

- ...attempts to isolate a single factor as the cause of the decline of Britain...

- Gandhi said that those who isolate religion from politics don't understand the nature of either.

VB

6. isolate isolates isolating isolated
To isolate a substance means to obtain it by separating it from other substances using scientific processes. (TECHNICAL)

- We can use genetic engineering techniques to isolate the gene that is responsible.

- Researchers have isolated a new protein from the seeds of poppies.

- ...the chemical isolated from brain tissue.

VB

7. isolate isolates isolating isolated
To isolate a sick person or animal means to keep them apart from other people or animals, so that their illness does not spread.

- Patients will be isolated from other people for between three days and one month after treatment.

- You don't have to isolate them from the community.

VB
= quarantine

isolated **

1. isolated
An isolated place is a long way away from large towns and is difficult to reach.

- Many of the refugee villages are in isolated areas.

- Aubrey's family's farm is very isolated.

ADJ-GRADED
= cut off remote

2. isolated
If you feel isolated , you feel lonely and without friends or help.

- Men can feel isolated at work.

- Some patients may become very isolated and depressed.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= cut off

3. isolated
An isolated example is an example of something that is not very common.

- They said the allegations related to an isolated case of cheating.

ADJ: ADJ n
= untypical

isolation **

1. isolation
Isolation is the state of feeling alone and without friends or help.

- Many deaf people have feelings of isolation and loneliness.

- He also talked briefly about the isolation he endured while in captivity.

N-UNCOUNT
See also isolate .

2. isolation
If something is considered in isolation from other things that it is connected with, it is considered separately, and those other things are not considered.

- Punishment cannot, therefore, be discussed in isolation from social and political theory.

PHR: oft with brd-neg, PHR after v, oft PHR from n
= separately

3. isolation
If someone does something in isolation , they do it without other people being present or without their help.

- Malcolm, for instance, works in isolation but I have no doubts about his abilities.

PHR: PHR after v
= alone

isolate

verb

separate

cut off

detach

disconnect

insulate

segregate

set apart

isolated

adjective

remote

hidden

lonely

off the beaten track

outlying

out-of-the-way

secluded

isolation

noun

separation

detachment

remoteness

seclusion

segregation

solitude

isolationism

[D.J.:ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃəˌnɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˌaɪsəˈleʃəˌnɪzəm]

n.

孤立主义

isolationist

n.

isolationist

[ˌaisəˈleiʃənist]

n.

孤立主义者

isolationism

1. isolationism
If you refer to isolationism , you are referring to a country's policy of avoiding close relationships with other countries and of not taking sides in disputes between other countries.

- ...the perils of isolationism.

N-UNCOUNT

2. isolationist isolationists

- Not surprisingly, isolationists found thousands of willing recruits to their cause.

- The government had to overcome isolationist opposition to the plan.

N-COUNT: oft N n

isometrics

[D.J.:ˌaisəuˈmetriks]

[K.K.:ˌaɪsəˈmɛtrɪks]

n.

静力锻炼法;肌力均衡体操

isometrics

isometrics
Isometrics or isometric exercises are exercises in which you make your muscles work against each other or against something else, for example by pressing your hands together.
N-PLURAL The form isometric is used as a modifier

isotope

[D.J.:ˈaɪsəˌtəʊp]

[K.K.:ˈaɪsəˌtop]

n.

<核>同位素

isotopes

n.

同位素

isotope *

isotope isotopes
Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons and therefore have different physical properties. (TECHNICAL)

- ...tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen.

N-COUNT

ISP

Internet服务提供者

ISP

ISP ISPs
An ISP is a company that provides Internet and e-mail services. ISP is an abbreviation for `Internet service provider'.
N-COUNT

Israeli

[D.J.:ɪzˈreɪli:]

[K.K.:ɪzˈreli]

adj.

以色列的

n.

以色列人,以色列国民

Israeli ***

1. Israeli
Israeli means belonging or relating to Israel, or to its people or culture.

- ...the Israeli government.

ADJ

2. Israeli Israelis
An Israeli is an Israeli citizen, or a person of Israeli origin.
N-COUNT

issue

[D.J.:ˈisju:]

[K.K.:ˈɪʃu]

n.

问题, 议题; 争论点

发行物

放出, 流出; 发出, 发行

〈正〉结果, 结局

vt.

出版, 发行

发表, 发布

分配, 发给

vi.

冒出, 流出; 传出

issues

债券

issue *****

1. issue issues
An issue is an important subject that people are arguing about or discussing.

- Agents will raise the issue of prize-money for next year's world championships.

- A key issue for higher education in the 1990's is the need for greater diversity of courses.

- Is it right for the Church to express a view on political issues?

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= subject matter

See also side issue .

2. issue
If something is the issue , it is the thing you consider to be the most important part of a situation or discussion.

- I was earning a lot of money, but that was not the issue.

- She avoided the issue by ordering a turkey sandwich.

- Do not draw it on the chart, however, as this will confuse the issue.

- The real issue was never addressed.

N-SING: the N
= the point

3. issue issues
An issue of something such as a magazine or newspaper is the version of it that is published, for example, in a particular month or on a particular day.

- The growing problem is underlined in the latest issue of the Lancet.

- I read Germaine Greer's article in the March issue with particular interest.

N-COUNT
= edition

4. issue issues issuing issued
If you issue a statement or a warning, you make it known formally or publicly.

- Last night he issued a statement denying the allegations.

- The government issued a warning that the strikers should end their action or face dismissal.

- Yesterday his kidnappers issued a second threat to kill him.

VB
= put out

5. issue issues issuing issued
If you are issued with something, it is officially given to you.

- On your appointment you will be issued with a written statement of particulars of employment.

- Staff will be issued with new grey-and-yellow designer uniforms.

VB: usu passive

6. issue
Also a noun.

- ...a standard army issue rifle.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

7. issue issues issuing issued
When something such as a liquid, sound, or smell issues from something, it comes out of that thing. (FORMAL)

- A tinny voice issued from a speaker.

VB

8. issue
The question or point at issue is the question or point that is being argued about or discussed.

- The problems of immigration were not the question at issue.

- One of the main points at issue is that the Community wants the representatives to be based in East Jerusalem.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

9. issue
If you make an issue of something, you try to make other people think about it or discuss it, because you are concerned or annoyed about it.

- It seemed the Colonel had no desire to make an issue of the affair.

PHR: V inflects
= make a big thing of

10. issue
If you take issue with someone or something they said, you disagree with them, and start arguing about it.

- Sister Morrison might take issue with me on that matter.

- I will not take issue with the fact that we have a recession.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= argue

issue

noun

1.

topic

bone of contention

matter

point

problem

question

subject

2.

outcome

consequence

effect

end result

result

upshot

3.

edition

copy

number

printing

4.

children

descendants

heirs

offspring

progeny

take issue

5.

disagree

challenge

dispute

object

oppose

raise an objection

take exception

verb

6.

publish

announce

broadcast

circulate

deliver

distribute

give out

put out

release

-ist

1. -ist
-ist is used in place of -ism to form count nouns and adjectives. The nouns refer to people who have particular beliefs. The adjectives describe something related to or based on particular beliefs.

- Later he was to become famous as a pacifist.

- ...fascist organisations.

SUFFIX

2. -ist
-ist is used to form count nouns referring to people who do a particular kind of work.

- Susi Arnott is a biologist.

SUFFIX

3. -ist
-ist is added to nouns referring to musical instruments, in order to form nouns that refer to people who play these instruments.

- ...Hungarian pianist Christina Kiss.

SUFFIX

isthmus

[D.J.:ˈɪsməs]

[K.K.:ˈɪsməs]

n.

地峡

isthmus

isthmus isthmuses
An isthmus is a narrow piece of land connecting two very large areas of land.

- ...the Isthmus of Panama.

N-COUNT: oft in names

isthmus

noun

strip

spit

it

[D.J.:it]

[K.K.:ɪt]

pron.

它

他

事实[情况]

it *****

( It is a third person singular pronoun. It is used as the subject or object of a verb, or as the object of a preposition.)

1. it
You use it to refer to an object, animal, or other thing that has already been mentioned.

- He saw the grey Land-Rover down the by-pass. It was more than a hundred yards from him.

- It's a wonderful city, really. I'll show it to you if you want.

- My wife has become crippled by arthritis. She is embarrassed to ask the doctor about it.

- I took a lot of convincing that parenthood was a good idea and I didn't think I'd be much use at it.

PRON-SING

2. it
You use it to refer to a child or baby whose sex you do not know or whose sex is not relevant to what you are saying.

- She could, if she wanted, compel him, through a court of law, to support the child after it was born.

- He threw the baby high in the air and it stopped crying.

PRON-SING

3. it
You use it to refer in a general way to a situation that you have just described.

- He was through with sports, not because he had to be but because he wanted it that way.

- Antonia will not be jealous, or if she is, she will not show it.

PRON-SING

4. it
You use it before certain nouns, adjectives, and verbs to introduce your feelings or point of view about a situation.

- It was nice to see Steve again.

- It's a pity you never got married, Sarah.

- It's funny how you remember things.

- It's good of him to spare the time to visit at all.

- Is it possible he'll phone you?.

- He found it hard to work with a microphone pointing at him.

- I know it's a good idea to use dental floss.

- It's up to us to change things we don't like.

- It seems that you are letting things get you down.

PRON-SING

5. it
You use it in passive clauses which report a situation or event.

- It has been said that stress causes cancer.

- Yesterday it was reported that a number of people had been arrested in the capital.

- It was noted that within a year the incidence of illness had increased quite significantly.

PRON-SING

6. it
You use it with some verbs that need a subject or object, although there is no noun that it refers to.

- Of course, as it turned out, three-fourths of the people in the group were psychiatrists.

- I like it here.

- We live in a world in which only the strongest can make it to the top.

PRON-SING

7. it
You use it as the subject of `be', to say what the time, day, or date is.

- It's three o'clock in the morning.

- It was a Monday, so she was at home.

- It's December 1989, in Las Vegas.

PRON-SING

8. it
You use it as the subject of a link verb to describe the weather, the light, or the temperature.

- It was very wet and windy the day I drove over the hill to Milland.

- It's getting dark. Let's go inside.

- It was warm in the kitchen.

PRON-SING

9. it
You use it when you are telling someone who you are, or asking them who they are, especially at the beginning of a phone call. You also use it in statements and questions about the identity of other people.

- `Who is it?' he called. --- `It's your neighbor.'.

- Hello Freddy, it's only me, Maxine.

PRON-SING

10. it
When you are emphasizing or drawing attention to something, you can put that thing immediately after it and a form of the verb `be'.

- It's really the poor countries that don't have an economic base that have the worst environmental records.

- It was the country's Communist rulers who devised this system.

- It was I who found him there.

- It's my father they're accusing.

PRON emphasis

11. it
You use it in expressions such as it's not that or it's not simply that when you are giving a reason for something and are suggesting that there are several other reasons.

- It's not that I didn't want to be with my family.

- It's not just that a gulf exists in living standards -- there's a psychological ravine.

PHR

12. it
If you say that someone thinks they're it , you mean that they think they are better or more important than they really are. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects

Italian

[D.J.:ɪˈtæljən]

[K.K.:ɪˈtæljən]

n.

意大利人,意大利国民,意大利语

adj.

意大利的

Italian ***

1. Italian
Italian means belonging or relating to Italy, or to its people, language, or culture.

- I watch Italian football a lot.

ADJ

2. Italian Italians
An Italian is an Italian citizen, or a person of Italian origin.
N-COUNT

3. Italian
Italian is the language spoken in Italy, and in parts of Switzerland.
N-UNCOUNT

italic

[D.J.:ɪˈtælɪk, aɪˈtæl-]

[K.K.:ɪˈtælɪk, aɪˈtæl-]

adj.

(印刷字体)斜体的

(书写)整齐尖细的

(I-)古意大利的

n.

斜体字

italics

[D.J.:ɪˈtælɪks]

[K.K.:ɪˈtælɪks]

n.

斜体;斜体字

italic

1. italic italics
Italics are letters which slope to the right. Italics are often used to emphasize a particular word or sentence. The examples in this dictionary are printed in italics.
N-PLURAL

2. italic
Italic letters slope to the right.

- She addressed them by hand in her beautiful italic script.

ADJ: ADJ n

itch

[D.J.:itʃ]

[K.K.:ɪtʃ]

n.

痒

vi.

发痒

itching

[ˈitʃiŋ]

adj.

贪得的,痒的,渴望的

itch *

1. itch itches itching itched
When a part of your body itches , you have an unpleasant feeling on your skin that makes you want to scratch.

- When someone has hayfever, the eyes and nose will stream and itch.

- My skin was hard and scaly and I itched.

- ...dry, itching skin.

VB

2. itch itches
Also a noun.

- Scratch my back -- I've got an itch.

N-COUNT

3. itching

- It may be that the itching is caused by contact with irritant material.

N-UNCOUNT

4. itch itches itching itched
If you are itching to do something, you are very eager or impatient to do it. (INFORMAL)

- I was itching to get involved and to bring my own theories into practice.

- The general was itching for a fight.

VB: usu cont
= be dying

5. itch
Also a noun.

- ...cable TV viewers with an insatiable itch to switch from channel to channel.

N-SING: usu N to-inf

itch

noun

1.

irritation

itchiness

prickling

tingling

2.

desire

craving

hankering

hunger

longing

lust

passion

yearning

yen informal

verb

3.

prickle

irritate

tickle

tingle

4.

long

ache

crave

hanker

hunger

lust

pine

yearn

itching

adjective

longing

avid

eager

impatient

mad keen informal

raring

spoiling for

itchy

[D.J.:ˈɪtʃi:]

[K.K.:ˈɪtʃi]

adj.

(使)发痒的

get/have itchy feet

渴望旅行(或搬家、换工作等)

itchiness

n.

itchy

1. itchy
If a part of your body or something you are wearing is itchy , you have an unpleasant feeling on your skin that makes you want to scratch. (INFORMAL)

- ...itchy, sore eyes...

- Wigs are itchy and uncomfortable.

ADJ-GRADED

2. itchy
If you have itchy feet , you have a strong desire to leave a place and to travel. (INFORMAL)

- The thought gave me really itchy feet so within a couple of months I decided to leave.

PHR: usu PHR after v

itchy

adjective

impatient

eager

edgy

fidgety

restive

restless

unsettled

it'd

1. it'd
It'd is a spoken form of `it would'.

- It'd be better for a place like this to remain closed.

2. it'd
It'd is a spoken form of `it had', especially when `had' is an auxiliary verb.

- Marcie was watching the news. It'd just started.

item

[D.J.:ˈaitəm]

[K.K.:ˈaɪtəm]

n.

一项, 一件, 一条; 项目

items

名目

item ****

1. item items
An item is one of a collection or list of objects.

- The most valuable item on show will be a Picasso drawing.

- The menu includes the occasional off-beat item.

N-COUNT
See also collector's item .

2. item items
An item is one of a list of things for someone to do, deal with, or talk about.

- The other item on the agenda is the tour.

N-COUNT
= matter

3. item items
An item is a report or article in a newspaper or magazine, or on television or radio.

- There was an item in the paper about him.

N-COUNT

4. item
If you say that two people are an item , you mean that they are having a romantic or sexual relationship. (INFORMAL)

- She and Gino were an item.

N-SING: a N
= couple

item

noun

1.

detail

article

component

entry

matter

particular

point

thing

2.

report

account

article

bulletin

dispatch

feature

note

notice

paragraph

piece

itemize

[D.J.:ˈaɪtəˌmaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈaɪtəˌmaɪz]

vt.

列出清单

itemize

itemize itemizes itemizing itemized
If you itemize a number of things, you make a list of them.

- Itemise your gear and mark major items with your name and post code.

- ...a fully itemised bill.

VB (BRIT) also itemise

itinerant

[D.J.:aɪˈtɪnərənt, ɪˈtɪn-]

[K.K.:aɪˈtɪnərənt, ɪˈtɪn-]

adj.

巡回的,流动的

n.

巡回者(如传教士、行商等)

itinerant

1. itinerant
An itinerant worker travels around a region, working for short periods in different places. (FORMAL)

- ...the author's experiences as an itinerant musician.

ADJ: ADJ n
= travelling

2. itinerant itinerants
An itinerant is someone whose way of life involves travelling around, usually someone who is poor and homeless. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

itinerant

adjective

wandering

migratory

nomadic

peripatetic

roaming

roving

travelling

vagrant

itinerary

[D.J.:aɪˈtɪnəˌreri:, ɪˈtɪn-]

[K.K.:aɪˈtɪnəˌrɛri, ɪˈtɪn-]

n.

旅程;行程

itinerary *

itinerary itineraries
An itinerary is a plan of a journey, including the route and the places that you will visit.

- The next place on our itinerary was Silistra.

N-COUNT

itinerary

noun

schedule

programme

route

timetable

it'll

[D.J.:ˈitl]

[K.K.:ˈɪtl]

it will的缩写,it shall的缩写

it'll

it'll
It'll is a spoken form of `it will'.

- It's ages since I've seen her so it'll be nice to meet her in town on Thursday.

its

[D.J.:its]

[K.K.:ɪts]

pron.

(it的所有格形式)它的

its *****

( Its is a third person singular possessive determiner.)

its
You use its to indicate that something belongs or relates to a thing, place, or animal that has just been mentioned or whose identity is known. You can use its to indicate that something belongs or relates to a child or baby.

- The British Labor Party concludes its annual conference today in Brighton.

- ...Japan, with its extreme housing shortage...

- The dog lifted its head, listening.

- I met one woman whose tiny baby had just died and whose other child was fighting for its life.

DET-POSS

it's

[D.J.:its]

[K.K.:ɪts]

it is的缩写,it has的缩写

it's

1. it's
It's is the usual spoken form of `it is'.

- It's the best news I've heard in a long time.

2. it's
It's is the usual spoken form of `it has', especially when `has' is an auxiliary verb.

- It's been such a long time since I played.

itself

[D.J.:itˈself]

[K.K.:ɪtˈsɛlf]

pron.

(it的反身形式)

(it的强调形式)

itself *****

1. itself
Itself is used as the object of a verb or preposition when it refers to something that is the same thing as the subject of the verb.

- Scientists have discovered remarkable new evidence showing how the body rebuilds itself while we sleep.

- Unemployment does not correct itself.

- ...the threat of Europe building trade business around itself.

PRON-REFL: v PRON, prep PRON

2. itself
You use itself to emphasize the thing you are referring to.

- I think life itself is a learning process.

- The involvement of the foreign ministers was itself a sign of progress.

- He cheered up on Christmas Day itself.

PRON-REFL-EMPH emphasis

3. itself
If you say that someone is, for example, politeness itself or kindness itself , you are emphasizing they are extremely polite or extremely kind.

- I am never really happy staying in a hotel, although the management here have been kindness itself.

- Many men are charm itself.

- He is rarely satisfied with anything less than perfection itself.

PRON-REFL-EMPH: n PRON emphasis

ITV

abbr.

Independent Television <英>独立电视台

ITV

abbr.

Independent Television 〈英〉独立电视台

ITV **

1. ITV
ITV refers to the group of British commercial television companies that broadcasts programmes on one channel. ITV is an abbreviation for `Independent Television'. (BRIT)

- ITV has set its sights on winning a younger and more upmarket audience.

N-PROPER-COLL

2. ITV
ITV is the television channel that is run by ITV.

- The first episode will be shown tomorrow at 10.40pm on ITV.

- ...ITV viewers.

N-PROPER

-ity

-ity
-ity is added to adjectives, sometimes in place of `-ious', to form nouns referring to the state, quality, or behaviour described by the adjective.

- I, for one, admire his audacity.

- He enjoyed the tranquillity of village life.

- ...life with all its contradictions and complexities.

SUFFIX

IUD

abbr.

Institute for Urban Development <美>都市发展学会

IUD

abbr.

Institute for Urban Development 〈美〉都市发展学会

IUD

IUD IUDs
An IUD is a piece of plastic or metal which is put inside a woman's womb in order to prevent her from becoming pregnant. IUD is an abbreviation for `intra-uterine device'.
N-COUNT
= coil

I've

I've
I've is the usual spoken form of `I have', especially when `have' is an auxiliary verb.

- I've been invited to meet with the American Ambassador.

- I've no other appointments.

IVF

abbr.

in-vitro fertilization 试管受精

IVF

abbr.

in-vitro fertilization 试管受精

IVF

IVF
IVF is a method of helping a woman to have a baby in which an egg is removed from one of her ovaries, fertilized outside her body, and then replaced in her womb. IVF is an abbreviation for `in vitro fertilization'.
N-UNCOUNT

ivory

[D.J.:ˈaivəri]

[K.K.:ˈaɪvəri, ˈaɪvri]

n.

象牙质

象牙色, 乳白色

象牙制品

ivory **

1. ivory
Ivory is a hard cream-coloured substance which forms the tusks of elephants. It is valuable and can be used for making carved ornaments.

- ...the international ban on the sale of ivory.

- ...intricate ivory carvings.

N-UNCOUNT

2. ivory ivories
Ivory is a creamy-white colour.
COLOUR

ivory tower

ivory tower ivory towers
If you describe someone as living in an ivory tower , you mean that they have no knowledge or experience of the practical problems of everyday life.

- They don't really, in their ivory towers, understand how pernicious drug crime is.

- ...ivory-tower intellectuals.

N-COUNT: usu prep N, N n disapproval

ivy

[D.J.:ˈaivi]

[K.K.:ˈaɪvi]

n.

〈植〉常春藤

ivy *

ivy ivies
Ivy is an evergreen plant that grows up walls or along the ground.
N-VAR

Ivy League

1. Ivy League
The Ivy League is a group of eight universities in the north-eastern part of the United States, which have high academic and social status.

- ...an Ivy League college.

N-PROPER: the N; oft N n

2. Ivy League
You use Ivy League to describe fashions and attitudes typical of students at Ivy League universities. (AM)

- ...the Ivy League shirts that were his habitual daytime dress.

ADJ

j

[dʒei]

n.

字母j

J, j

1. J, j J's, j's
J is the tenth letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

2. J, j
J or j is an abbreviation for words beginning with j, such as `joule' or `Jack'.

jab

[D.J.:dʒæb]

[K.K.:dʒæb]

vt.

(用尖物)戳;猛击

jab at sb/sth (with sth)

(用尖物)捅，戳，刺

n.

猛击;戳

jab *

1. jab jabs jabbing jabbed
If you jab one thing into another, you push it there with a quick, sudden movement and with a lot of force.

- He saw her jab her thumb on a red button -- a panic button.

- A needle was jabbed into the baby's arm.

- Stern jabbed at me with his glasses.

- Nick jabbed his finger at the clothes on the bed.

VB
= stab

2. jab jabs
A jab is a sudden, sharp punch.

- He was simply too powerful for his opponent, rocking him with a steady supply of left jabs.

N-COUNT

3. jab jabs
A jab is an injection of something into your blood to prevent illness. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...painful anti malaria jabs.

N-COUNT

4. jab jabs
You can refer to a sudden and unpleasant critical remark as a jab . (INFORMAL)

- They have been sniping at each other, with the Democrats taking jabs at the president's handling of foreign policy.

N-COUNT
= swipe

jab

noun

poke

dig

lunge

nudge

prod

punch

stab

tap

thrust

jabber

[D.J.:ˈdʒæbə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒæbɚ]

vi.

急切而含混不清地说

jabber away

急促兴奋地说话

jabber

jabber jabbers jabbering jabbered
If you say that someone is jabbering , you mean that they are talking very quickly and excitedly, and you cannot understand them.

- The girl jabbered incomprehensibly, her voice rising to a screech like a parrot.

- After a minute or two I left them there jabbering away.

- ...a roomful of jabbering tourists.

VB disapproval

jabber

verb

chatter

babble

blether

gabble

mumble

prate

rabbit (on) Brit. informal

ramble

yap informal

jack

[D.J.:dʒæk]

[K.K.:dʒæk]

n.

千斤顶

vt.

用千斤顶顶起

离开; 停止, 放弃

提高, 增加

jacks

[dʒæks]

n.

抓子游戏

jack **

1. jack jacks
A jack is a device for lifting a heavy object off the ground, for example a car.
N-COUNT

2. jack jacks
A jack is a playing card whose value is between a ten and a queen. A jack is usually represented by a picture of a young man.
N-COUNT: oft N of n
= knave

jack in **

jack in jacks in; jacking in; jacked in
If you jack in something such as an activity or job, you stop doing it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Four of the cast jacked it in about Christmas.

- After she jacked in the teaching, Jane got herself a job with a shipping line.

PHR-V
= pack in

jack up **

1. jack up jacks up; jacking up; jacked up
If you jack up a heavy object such as a car, you raise it off the ground using a jack.

- They jacked up the car.

- All I had to do was get everyone out of the car, jack it up, and put on the spare.

PHR-V

2. jack up jacks up; jacking up; jacked up
To jack up the price or amount of something means to increase it to an unreasonable or unacceptable level. (INFORMAL)

- The plan would cost so much that the company would have to jack up its prices.

- Inflation has jacked up the rate of unemployment.

PHR-V disapproval
= hike hike up

jack up

verb

raise

elevate

hoist

lift

lift up

jackal

[D.J.:ˈdʒækəl, -ˌɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈdʒækəl, -ˌɔl]

n.

豺

jackal

jackal jackals
A jackal is a wild animal that looks like a dog, has long legs and pointed ears, and lives in Africa and Southern Asia.
N-COUNT

jackboot

[D.J.:ˈdʒækbu:t]

[K.K.:ˈdʒækˌbut]

n.

(过膝的军用)长统靴,铁靴政策(强迫别人屈服的粗暴手段),压迫者

jackboot

1. jackboot jackboots
Jackboots are heavy boots that come up to the knee, such as the ones worn by some soldiers.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. jackboot
If a country or group of people is under the jackboot , they are suffering because the government is cruel and undemocratic.
PHR disapproval

jackdaw

[D.J.:ˈdʒækdɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒækˌdɔ]

n.

寒鸦

jackdaw

jackdaw jackdaws
A jackdaw is a large black and grey bird that is similar to a crow, and lives in Europe and Asia.
N-COUNT

jacket

[D.J.:ˈdʒækit]

[K.K.:ˈdʒækɪt]

n.

短上衣, 夹克

书籍的护封

jacket ***

1. jacket jackets
A jacket is a short coat with long sleeves.

- ...a black leather jacket.

N-COUNT

2. jacket jackets
Potatoes baked in their jackets are baked with their skin on.
N-COUNT: usu pl

3. jacket jackets
The jacket of a book is the paper cover that protects the book. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT
= dust jacket

4. jacket jackets
A record jacket is the cover in which a record is kept. (AM; in BRIT use sleeve )
N-COUNT

jacket

noun

covering

case

casing

coat

sheath

skin

wrapper

wrapping

jacket potato

jacket potato jacket potatoes
A jacket potato is a large potato that has been baked with its skin on. (BRIT; in AM use baked potato )
N-COUNT
= baked potato

jack-in-the-box

[D.J.:ˈdʒækinðəbɔks]

[K.K.:ˈdʒækɪnðəˌbɑks]

n.

打开盒子即跳出一个奇异小人的玩具盒

jack-in-the-box

jack-in-the-box jack-in-the-boxes
A jack-in-the-box is a child's toy that consists of a box with a doll inside it that jumps out when the lid is opened.
N-COUNT

jack-knife

vi.

中间呈V形弯

jack-knife

jack-knife jack-knifes jack-knifing jack-knifed
If a truck that is in two parts jack-knifes , the back part swings around at a sharp angle to the front part in an uncontrolled way as the truck is moving.

- His vehicle jack-knifed, and crashed across all three lanes of the opposite carriageway.

VB

jack-of-all-trades

n.

万能博士,万事通,杂而不精的人,三脚猫

jack-of-all-trades

jack-of-all-trades jacks-of-all-trades
If you refer to someone as a jack-of-all-trades , you mean that they are able to do a variety of different jobs. You are also often suggesting that they are not very good at any of these jobs.
N-COUNT

jackpot

[D.J.:ˈdʒækpɔt]

[K.K.:ˈdʒækˌpɑt]

n.

累积赌注,累积奖金

jackpot *

1. jackpot jackpots
A jackpot is the most valuable prize in a game or lottery, especially when the game involves increasing the value of the prize until someone wins it.

- A nurse who gambled £6 in a slot machine walked away with the biggest ever jackpot of more than £5 million.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. jackpot
If you hit the jackpot , you have a great success, for example by winning a lot of money or having a piece of good luck. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects
= score

jackpot

noun

prize

award

bonanza

reward

winnings

Jacobean

[D.J.:dʒækəˈbi(:)ən]

[K.K.:ˌdʒækəˈbiən]

adj.

詹姆士一世的,黑橡木色的 詹姆士一世时期的

Jacobean

Jacobean
A Jacobean building, piece of furniture, or work of art was built or produced in Britain in the style of the period between 1603 and 1625.

- ...a Jacobean manor house.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

Jacuzzi

[D.J.:dʒəˈku:zi:, dʒæ-]

[K.K.:dʒəˈkuzi, dʒæ-]

n.

极可意浴缸，极可意水流按摩浴缸（商标名称）

Jacuzzi *

Jacuzzi Jacuzzis
A Jacuzzi is a large circular bath which is fitted with a device that makes the water move around. (TRADEMARK)
N-COUNT

jade

[D.J.:dʒeid]

[K.K.:dʒed]

n.

〈矿〉绿玉; 绿玉色

jade *

1. jade
Jade is a hard stone, usually green in colour, that is used for making jewellery and ornaments.
N-UNCOUNT

2. jade
Something that is jade or jade green is bright green in colour.
COLOUR

jaded

[D.J.:ˈdʒeɪdɪd]

[K.K.:ˈdʒedɪd]

adj.

精疲力竭的,厌腻了的

jaded *

jaded
If you are jaded , you feel bored, tired, and not enthusiastic, for example because you have had too much of the same thing.

- We had both become jaded, disinterested, and disillusioned.

- ...his air of jaded cynicism.

ADJ-GRADED
= bored

jaded

adjective

tired

exhausted

fatigued

spent

weary

jagged

[D.J.:ˈdʒægɪd]

[K.K.:ˈdʒæɡɪd]

adj.

(边缘)粗糙的,有缺口的;参差不齐的

jagged *

jagged
Something that is jagged has a rough, uneven shape or edge with lots of sharp points.

- ...jagged black cliffs...

- A jagged scar runs through his lower lip.

ADJ-GRADED

jagged

adjective

uneven

barbed

craggy

indented

ragged

serrated

spiked

toothed

jaguar

[D.J.:ˈdʒægˌwɑ:, ˈdʒægju:ˌɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒæɡˌwɑr, ˈdʒæɡjuˌɑr]

n.

<动>(中、南美洲的)美洲虎

jaguar

jaguar jaguars
A jaguar is a large animal of the cat family with dark spots on its back.
N-COUNT

jail

[D.J.:dʒeil]

[K.K.:dʒel]

n.

监狱

vt.

监禁, 拘留

jail ***

1. jail jails
A jail is a place where criminals are kept in order to punish them, or where people waiting to be tried are kept.

- Three prisoners escaped from a jail.

N-VAR (BRIT) also gaol
= prison

2. jail jails jailing jailed
If someone is jailed , they are put into jail.

- He was jailed for twenty years.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also gaol

jail

noun

1.

prison

nick Brit. slang

penitentiary U.S.

reformatory

slammer slang

verb

2.

imprison

confine

detain

incarcerate

lock up

send down

jailbird

[D.J.:ˈdʒeɪlˌbɜ:d]

[K.K.:ˈdʒelˌbə..d]

n.

<非正>长期坐牢的囚犯

jailbird

jailbird jailbirds
If you refer to someone as a jailbird , you mean that they are in prison, or have been in prison. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= convict

jailbreak

[D.J.:ˈdʒeilbreik]

[K.K.:ˈdʒelˌbrek]

n.

越狱,逃狱

jailbreak

jailbreak jailbreaks
A jailbreak is an escape from jail.
N-COUNT

jailer

[D.J.:ˈdʒeɪlə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒelɚ]

n.

<过时>监狱看守;狱卒

jailer

jailer jailers
A jailer is a person who is in charge of a jail and the prisoners in it. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT (BRIT) also gaoler
= warder

jailer

noun

guard

keeper

warden

warder

jailhouse

[D.J.:ˈdʒeilhaus]

[K.K.:ˈdʒelˌhaʊs]

n.

监狱

jailhouse

jailhouse jailhouses
A jailhouse is a small prison. (AM)
N-COUNT

jalapeño

jalapeño jalapeños
Jalapeños are small hot peppers which can be green or red when they are ripe. They are often used in Mexican cooking.
N-COUNT: oft N n

jam

[D.J.:dʒæm]

[K.K.:dʒæm]

n.

果酱

拥挤, 堵塞

困难的处境; 窘境

vt. & vi.

(使)塞紧, (使)挤满

发生故障; 夹住, 卡住

vt.

堵塞

(发射无线电波)干扰(信息, 节目)

jamming

[ˈdʒæmiŋ]

n.

干扰台,人为干扰

jams

[dʒæmz]

n.

短裤睡衣,宽短裤

jam **

1. jam jams
Jam is a thick sweet food that is made by cooking fruit with a large amount of sugar, and that is usually spread on bread. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use jelly )

- ...home-made jam.

N-MASS

2. jam jams jamming jammed
If you jam something somewhere, you push or put it there roughly.

- He picked his cap up off the ground and jammed it on his head.

- Pete jammed his hands into his pockets.

VB

3. jam jams jamming jammed
If something such as a part of a machine jams , or if something jams it, the part becomes fixed in position and is unable to move freely or work properly.

- The second time he fired his gun jammed.

- A rope jammed the boat's propeller.

- Cracks appeared in the wall and a door jammed shut.

- The intake valve was jammed open.

- Every few minutes the motor cut out as the machinery became jammed.

V-ERG

4. jam jams jamming jammed
If vehicles jam a road, there are so many of them that they cannot move.

- Hundreds of departing motorists jammed roads that had been closed during the height of the storm.

VB

5. jam jams
Also a noun.

- 400 trucks may sit in a jam for ten hours waiting to cross the limited number of bridges.

N-COUNT

6. jammed

- Nearby roads and the dirt track to the beach were jammed with cars.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n

7. jam jams jamming jammed
If a lot of people jam a place, or jam into a place, they are pressed tightly together so that they can hardly move.

- Hundreds of people jammed the boardwalk to watch.

- They jammed into buses provided by the Red Cross and headed for safety.

VB
= cram

8. jammed

- The stadium was jammed and they had to turn away hundreds of disappointed fans.

ADJ-GRADED
= packed

9. jam jams jamming jammed
To jam a radio or electronic signal means to interfere with it and prevent it from being received or heard clearly.

- They will try to jam the transmissions electronically.

VB

10. jamming

- The plane is used for electronic jamming and radar detection.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

11. jam jams jamming jammed
If callers are jamming telephone lines, there are so many callers that the people answering the telephones find it difficult to deal with them all.

- Hundreds of callers jammed the BBC switchboard for more than an hour.

- The telephone exchange has been jammed all day with people wanting to buy season tickets.

VB

12. jam
If someone is in a jam , they are in a very difficult situation. (INFORMAL)

- They were in a real jam, Bob thought glumly.

N-SING: in N

13. jam jams jamming jammed
When jazz or rock musicians are jamming , they are informally playing music that has not been written down or planned in advance. (INFORMAL)

- He was jamming with his saxophone.

VB

14. jam jams
Also a noun.

- ...a free-form jazz jam.

- ...a jam session.

N-COUNT

jam

verb

1.

pack

cram

force

press

ram

squeeze

stuff

wedge

2.

crowd

crush

throng

3.

congest

block

clog

obstruct

stall

stick

noun

4.

predicament

deep water

fix informal

hole slang

hot water

pickle informal

tight spot

trouble

Jamaican

[dʒəˈmeikən]

n.,adj.

牙买加人(的)

Jamaican **

1. Jamaican
Jamaican means belonging or relating to Jamaica or to its people or culture.
ADJ

2. Jamaican Jamaicans
A Jamaican is a person who comes from Jamaica.
N-COUNT

jamb

[D.J.:dʒæm]

[K.K.:dʒæm]

n.

侧柱;柱状物

jambs

[dʒæms]

n.

侧板

jamb

jamb jambs
A jamb is a post that forms the side part or upright of a door frame or window frame.
N-COUNT: usu n N

jamboree

[D.J.:ˌdʒæmbəˈri:]

[K.K.:ˌdʒæmbəˈri]

n.

狂欢活动

大型童子军集会

jamboree

jamboree jamborees
A jamboree is a party, celebration, or other gathering where there is a large number of people and a lot of excitement, fun, and enjoyment.
N-COUNT: usu sing

jamboree

noun

festival

carnival

celebration

festivity

fête

revelry

jammy

[ˈdʒæmi]

adj.

粘上果酱的

jammy

jammy jammier jammiest
If you describe someone as jammy , you mean that they are very lucky because something good has happened to them, without their making much effort or deserving such luck. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- You'd think that at least he'd have the good grace to admit his blinding, jammy luck.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

jam-packed

[dʒæmˈpækt]

adj.

塞紧的,拥挤不堪的

jam-packed

jam-packed
If somewhere is jam-packed , it is so full of people or things that there is no room for any more. (INFORMAL)

- His room was jam-packed with fruit, flowers, gifts etc.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n
= packed

Jan

[dʒæn]

n.

一月

Jan.

一月

Jan. **

Jan.
Jan. is a written abbreviation for January .

jangle

[D.J.:ˈdʒæŋgəl]

[K.K.:ˈdʒæŋɡəl]

vt. & vi.

铁器相碰发出刺耳的声音

烦扰;刺激神经

n.

丁零当啷声

jangle *

1. jangle jangles jangling jangled
When objects strike against each other and make an unpleasant ringing noise, you can say that they jangle or are jangled .

- Her bead necklaces and bracelets jangled as she walked.

- Jane took out her keys and jangled them.

- ...her jangling bracelets.

V-ERG

2. jangle
Also a noun.

- ...a jangle of bells.

N-SING: oft N of n

3. jangle jangles jangling jangled
If your nerves are jangling , you are very anxious.

- Behind that quietness his nerves are jangling, he's in a terrible state.

- The caffeine in coffee can jangle the nerves and perhaps contribute to health problems.

V-ERG

jangle

verb

rattle

chime

clank

clash

clatter

jingle

vibrate

janitor

[D.J.:ˈdʒænɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒænɪtɚ]

n.

看门人

看管房屋的人

锅炉工

janitor

janitor janitors
A janitor is a person whose job is to look after a building. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT
= caretaker

janitor

noun

caretaker

concierge

custodian

doorkeeper

porter

January

[D.J.:ˈdʒænjuəri]

[K.K.:ˈdʒænjuˌɛri]

n.

一月

January *****

January Januaries
January is the first month of the year in the Western calendar.

- We always have snow in January.

- She was born on January 6, 1946.

- I haven't seen my own daughter since last January.

N-VAR

Japanese

[D.J.:ˌdʒæpəˈni:z, -ˈni:s]

[K.K.:ˌdʒæpəˈniz, -ˈnis]

n.

日本人,日本国民,日语

adj.

日本的,日本人的,日语的

Japanese ***

1. Japanese
Japanese means belonging or relating to Japan, or to its people, language, or culture.

- Japanese firms are looking for a new breed of manager.

- ...a planned visit by the Japanese Prime Minister.

ADJ Japanese is both the singular and the plural form

2. Japanese
The Japanese are the people of Japan.
N-PLURAL Japanese is both the singular and the plural form

3. Japanese
Japanese is the language spoken in Japan.
N-UNCOUNT Japanese is both the singular and the plural form

jape

[D.J.:dʒeip]

[K.K.:dʒep]

v.

开玩笑

n.

笑话

jape

jape japes
A jape is a silly trick that you play on someone which is quite funny and which does not really involve upsetting them. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT
= prank

jar

[D.J.:dʒɑ:]

[K.K.:dʒɑr]

n.

罐子, 广口瓶

(啤酒)杯

vi.

发出刺耳的声音

不和谐; 不一致

vt.

使震动

jarring

[ˈdʒɑ:riŋ]

adj.

刺耳的,不和谐的,辗轧的

n.

震动,冲突,辗轧声

jar **

1. jar jars
A jar is a glass container with a lid that is used for storing food.

- ...yellow cucumbers in great glass jars.

N-COUNT

2. jar jars
You can use jar to refer to a jar and its contents, or to the contents only.

- She opened up a glass jar of plums.

- ...two jars of filter coffee.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

3. jar jars
If you have a jar , you have a drink with friends in a pub. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- They had a few jars together.

N-COUNT

4. jar jars jarring jarred
If something jars on you, you find it unpleasant, disturbing, or shocking.

- Sometimes a light remark jarred on her father.

- ...televised congressional hearings that jarred the nation's faith in the presidency...

- You shouldn't have too many colours in a small space as the effect can jar.

VB

5. jarring

- In the context of this chapter, Dore's comments strike a jarring note.

ADJ-GRADED
= grating

6. jar jars jarring jarred
If an object jars , or if something jars it, the object moves with a fairly hard shaking movement.

- The ship jarred a little.

- The impact jarred his arm.

V-ERG

jar

noun

pot

container

crock

jug

pitcher

urn

vase

jar

verb

1.

jolt

bump

convulse

rattle

rock

shake

vibrate

2.

irritate

annoy

get on one's nerves informal

grate

irk

nettle

offend

noun

3.

jolt

bump

convulsion

shock

vibration

jargon

[D.J.:ˈdʒɑ:ɡən]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɑrɡən]

n.

行话; 黑话; 隐语

jargon *

jargon
You use jargon to refer to words and expressions that are used in special or technical ways by particular groups of people, often making the language difficult to understand.

- The manual is full of the jargon and slang of self-improvement courses.

- ...the reading habits of 600,000 C2 males (marketing jargon for skilled manual workers).

N-UNCOUNT

jargon

noun

parlance

argot

idiom

usage

jasmine

[D.J.:ˈdʒæzmɪn]

[K.K.:ˈdʒæzmɪn]

n.

<植>茉莉

jasmine *

jasmine jasmines
Jasmine is a climbing plant which has small white or yellow flowers with a pleasant smell.
N-VAR

jaundice

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔ:ndɪs, ˈdʒɑ:n-]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɔndɪs, ˈdʒɑn-]

n.

黄疸病

jaundice

jaundice
Jaundice is an illness that makes your skin and eyes become yellow.
N-UNCOUNT

jaundiced

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔ:ndɪst]

[K.K.: ˈdʒɔndɪst]

adj.

患黄疸病(似)的

因嫉妒等而有偏见的

jaundiced

jaundiced
If someone has a jaundiced view of something, they can see only the bad aspects of it.

- The financial markets are taking a jaundiced view of the Government's motives.

- The general watched the proceedings with a jaundiced eye.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

jaundiced

adjective

1.

cynical

sceptical

2.

bitter

envious

hostile

jealous

resentful

spiteful

suspicious

jaunt

[D.J.:dʒɔ:nt, dʒɑ:nt]

[K.K.:dʒɔnt, dʒɑnt]

n.

游览

vi.

去游览

jaunt

jaunt jaunts
A jaunt is a short journey which you go on for pleasure or excitement.
N-COUNT
= trip

jaunt

noun

outing

airing

excursion

expedition

ramble

stroll

tour

trip

jauntily

adv.

高兴地,活泼地,得意洋洋地

jauntiness

n.

高兴,活泼,洋洋得意

jaunty

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔ:nti:, ˈdʒɑ:n-]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɔnti, ˈdʒɑn-]

adj.

心满意足的样子;洋洋得意的

jauntily

adv.

心满意足地;洋洋得意地

jauntiness

n.

心满意足;洋洋得意

jaunty *

1. jaunty jauntier jauntiest
If you describe someone or something as jaunty , you mean that they are full of confidence and energy.

- ...a jaunty little man...

- Tremain's novel is altogether jauntier, more various and energetic than these quotations imply.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. jauntily

- He walked jauntily into the cafe.

- The Arsenal striker remains jauntily confident.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

jaunty

adjective

sprightly

buoyant

carefree

high-spirited

lively

perky

self-confident

sparky

Java

[D.J.:ˈdʒævə, ˈdʒɑ:və]

[K.K.:ˈdʒævə, ˈdʒɑvə]

n.

爪哇

爪哇产的咖啡

<电脑>在网际网络上的应用程序开发语言

Java

Java
Java is a computer programming language. It is used especially in creating websites. (TRADEMARK)
N-UNCOUNT

javelin

[D.J.:ˈdʒævəlin]

n.

标枪

javelin *

1. javelin javelins
A javelin is a long spear that is used in sports competitions. Competitors try to throw the javelin as far as possible.
N-COUNT

2. javelin
You can refer to the competition in which the javelin is thrown as the javelin .

- ...Steve Backley who won the javelin.

N-SING: the N

jaw

[D.J.:dʒɔ:]

[K.K.:dʒɔ]

n.

颌, 颚

狭窄入口

vi.

闲谈

jaws

n.

口,狭口,咽喉,鬼门关

jaw **

1. jaw jaws
Your jaw is the lower part of your face below your mouth. The movement of your jaw is sometimes considered to express a particular emotion. For example, if your jaw drops , you are very surprised.

- He thought for a moment, stroking his well-defined jaw.

- Meg's jaw dropped in amazement.

- His jaw was set, but his voice sounded thin and unsure.

N-COUNT: usu sing, poss N

2. jaw jaws
A person's or animal's jaws are the two bones in their head which their teeth are attached to.

- ...a forest rodent with powerful jaws.

N-COUNT

3. jaw jaws
If you talk about the jaws of something unpleasant such as death or hell, you are referring to a dangerous or unpleasant situation.

- A family dog rescued a newborn boy from the jaws of death.

- ...caught in the jaws of world recession.

N-PLURAL: N of n
= clutches

jaw

verb

talk

chat

chatter

gossip

spout

jaws

plural noun

opening

entrance

mouth

jawbone

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔ:ˌbəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɔˌbon]

n.

下颌骨

adv.

<美俚>凭信用地

jawbone

jawbone jawbones
A jawbone is the bone in the lower jaw of a person or animal.
N-COUNT also jaw bone

jawline

[ˈdʒɔ:ˌlain]

n.

下颌的轮廓,下巴的外形

jawline

jawline jawlines
Your jawline is the part of your lower jaw which forms the outline of the bottom of your face.

- ...high cheekbones and strong jawline.

N-COUNT: usu sing also jaw line

jay

[D.J.:dʒei]

[K.K.:dʒe]

n.

鸟,碎嘴唠叨的人,傻瓜

jay *

1. jay jays
In Europe and Asia, a jay is a brownish-pink bird with blue and black wings.
N-COUNT

2. jay jays
In North America, a jay is a bird with bright blue feathers.
N-COUNT

jaywalking

n.

走路不遵守交通规则

jaywalking

jaywalking
Jaywalking is the act of walking across a street in a careless and dangerous way, or not at the proper place.
N-UNCOUNT

jazz

[D.J.:dʒæz]

[K.K.:dʒæz]

n.

爵士乐

〈俚〉废话

vt.

使更有生气

jazz ***

jazz
Jazz is a style of music that was invented by African American musicians in the early part of the twentieth century. Jazz music has very strong rhythms and often involves improvisation.

- The pub has live jazz on Sundays.

- ...the great American jazz pianist George Shearing.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

jazz up ***

1. jazz up jazzes up; jazzing up; jazzed up
If you jazz something up , you make it look more interesting, colourful, or exciting. (INFORMAL)

- Mary Ann had made an effort at jazzing up the chilly modern interiors.

- I don't think they're just jazzing it up for the media.

PHR-V

2. jazz up jazzes up; jazzing up; jazzed up
If someone jazzes up a piece of music, they change it in order to make it sound more like popular music or jazz.

- Instead of playing it in the traditional style, she jazzed it up.

- Stephen and I are going to jazz up the love songs.

- The tune is basically the same as the old one, but considerably jazzed up.

PHR-V

jazz up

verb

enliven

animate

enhance

improve

jazzy

[D.J.:ˈdʒæzi:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒæzi]

adj.

活泼的;兴奋的

鲜艳的;花哨的

jazzy *

1. jazzy jazzier jazziest
If you describe something as jazzy , you mean that it is colourful and modern.

- ...a check sports jacket, worn with a plain waistcoat and shirt and jazzy tie.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. jazzy jazzier jazziest
Jazzy music is music in the style of jazz.

- `Pop-Pop' is her jazziest album ever.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

jazzy

adjective

flashy

fancy

gaudy

snazzy informal

jealous

[D.J.:ˈdʒeləs]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛləs]

adj.

妒忌的, 猜疑的

妒羡的; 羡慕的

精心守护的, 珍惜的

jealously

adv.

妒忌地,猜疑地

jealous **

1. jealous
If someone is jealous , they feel angry or bitter because they think that another person is trying to take a lover or friend, or a possession, away from them.

- She got insanely jealous and there was a terrible fight.

ADJ-GRADED

2. jealously

- The formula is jealously guarded.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. jealous
If you are jealous of another person's possessions or qualities, you feel angry or bitter because you do not have them.

- She was jealous of his wealth.

- You're jealous because the record company rejected your idea.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of n

4. jealously

- Gloria eyed them jealously.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

jealous

adjective

1.

envious

covetous

desirous

green

grudging

resentful

2.

wary

mistrustful

protective

suspicious

vigilant

watchful

jealousy

[D.J.:ˈdʒeləsi:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛləsi]

n.

妒忌

妒羡

jealousy **

1. jealousy
Jealousy is the feeling of anger or bitterness which someone has when they think that another person is trying to take a lover or friend, or a possession, away from them.

- At first his jealousy only showed in small ways -- he didn't mind me talking to other guys.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. jealousy
Jealousy is the feeling of anger or bitterness which someone has when they wish that they could have the qualities or possessions that another person has.

- Her beauty causes envy and jealousy.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

jealousy

noun

envy

covetousness

mistrust

possessiveness

resentment

spite

suspicion

jeans

[dʒi:nz]

n.

牛仔裤

jeans **

jeans
Jeans are casual trousers that are usually made of strong blue cotton cloth called denim.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

jeans

plural noun

denims

Levis Trademark

Jeep *

Jeep Jeeps
A Jeep is a type of car that can travel over rough ground. (TRADEMARK)

- ...a U.S. Army Jeep.

N-COUNT

jeer

[D.J.:dʒɪə]

[K.K.:dʒɪr]

vt. & vi.

嘲笑

n.

嘲讽

jeering

adj.

嘲弄的,揶揄的

jeers

n.

操纵帆桁下部(使其上下的)索具

jeer *

1. jeer jeers jeering jeered
To jeer at someone means to say or shout rude and insulting things to them to show that you do not like or respect them.

- Marchers jeered at white passers-by, but there was no violence, nor any arrests.

- His motorcade was jeered by angry residents.

- Demonstrators have jeered the mayor as he arrived for a week long visit.

- I didn't come here today to jeer: I want to give advice.

- ...mobs of jeering bystanders.

VB

2. jeering

- There was constant jeering and interruption from the floor.

N-UNCOUNT

3. jeer jeers
Jeers are rude and insulting things that people shout to show they do not like or respect someone.

- He stared sullenly into space, pretending not to hear the jeers.

- ...the heckling and jeers of his audience.

N-COUNT: usu pl

jeer

verb

1.

scoff

barrack

deride

gibe

heckle

mock

ridicule

taunt

noun

2.

taunt

abuse

boo

catcall

derision

gibe

ridicule

Jeez

Jeez
Some people say Jeez when they are shocked or surprised about something, or to introduce a remark or response. Jeez is short for `Jesus'. This use could cause offence. (INFORMAL)

- Jeez, I wish they'd tell us what the hell is going on.

- Jeez, what garbage!

EXCLAM also Jees

Jehovah

[D.J.:dʒiˈhəuvə]

[K.K.:dʒɪˈhovə]

n.

耶和华（犹太教神名的基督教读法）

Jehovah

Jehovah
Jehovah is the name given to God in the Old Testament.
N-PROPER

Jehovah's Witness

Jehovah's Witness Jehovah's Witnesses
A Jehovah's Witness is a member of a religious organization which accepts some Christian ideas and believes that the world is going to end very soon.
N-COUNT

jejune

[D.J.:dʒəˈdʒu:n]

[K.K.:dʒəˈdʒun]

adj.

(指思想、著作等)浅薄的,幼稚的,枯燥无味的

缺乏营养的; 贫瘠的

jejune

1. jejune
If you describe something or someone as jejune , you are criticizing them for being very simple and unsophisticated. (FORMAL)

- They were of great service in correcting my jejune generalizations.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. jejune
If you describe something or someone as jejune , you mean they are dull and boring. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- We knew we were in for a pretty long, jejune evening.

ADJ-GRADED

jellied

[D.J.:ˈdʒelid]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛlid]

adj.

凝成胶状的,涂凝胶物的

jellied

jellied
Jellied food is prepared and eaten in a jelly.

- ...jellied eels.

ADJ: ADJ n

Jell-O

Jell-O
Jell-O is a transparent, usually coloured food that is eaten as a dessert. It is made from gelatine, fruit juice, and sugar. (TRADEMARK) (AM; in BRIT use jelly )
N-UNCOUNT

jellies

[ˈdʒeliz]

n.

凝胶剂

jelly

[D.J.:ˈdʒeli:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛli]

n.

果冻

be/feel like jelly

(双腿或双膝)(由于紧张或恐惧而)感到软弱，全身发软

jelly *

1. jelly jellies
Jelly is a transparent, usually coloured food that is eaten as a dessert. It is made from gelatine, fruit juice, and sugar. (BRIT; in AM use Jell-O )

- In the middle of the table stood a large bowl of jelly.

N-MASS

2. jelly jellies
A container of jelly can be referred to as a jelly .

- Dip the base of the bowls in hot water for a few seconds to loosen the jellies.

N-COUNT

3. jelly jellies
Jelly is a thick sweet food that is made by cooking fruit with a large amount of sugar, and that is usually spread on bread. (AM; in BRIT use jam )

- I had two peanut butter and jelly sandwiches.

N-MASS

4. jelly jellies
Jelly is a thin clear sweet food that is made by cooking fruit with a large amount of sugar.

- ...toast piled thick with butter and bramble jelly.

N-MASS

5. jelly jellies
A jelly is a transparent substance that is not completely solid.

- ...meat in jelly.

N-VAR

jelly bean

jelly bean jelly beans
Jelly beans are small coloured sweets that are hard on the outside and soft inside.
N-COUNT: usu pl

jellyfish

[D.J.:ˈdʒeli:ˌfɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛliˌfɪʃ]

n.

水母,海蜇

软弱无用的人;意志薄弱的人

jellyfish

jellyfish
A jellyfish is a sea creature that has a clear soft body and can sting you.
N-COUNT jellyfish is both the singular and the plural form

jelly roll

jelly roll jelly rolls
Jelly roll is a cylindrical cake made from a thin, flat cake which is covered with jam or cream on one side, then rolled up. (AM; in BRIT use swiss roll )
N-VAR

jeopardize

[ˈdʒepədaiz]

vt.

危及, 损害

jeopardize *

jeopardize jeopardizes jeopardizing jeopardized
To jeopardize a situation or activity means to do something that may destroy it or cause it to fail.

- He has jeopardised the future of his government.

- The talks may still be jeopardized by disputes.

VB (BRIT) also jeopardise
= threaten endanger

jeopardize

verb

endanger

chance

expose

gamble

imperil

risk

stake

venture

jeopardy

[D.J.:ˈdʒepədi:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛpədi]

n.

危险

jeopardy *

jeopardy
If someone or something is in jeopardy , they are in a dangerous situation where they might fail, be lost, or be destroyed.

- A series of setbacks have put the whole project in jeopardy.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR
= at risk

jeopardy

noun

danger

insecurity

peril

risk

vulnerability

jerk

[D.J.:dʒə:k]

[K.K.:dʒɚk]

vt.

猛拉

vt. & vi.

(使…)猝然一动[颤动]

n.

突然的拉[推, 扭]

〈医〉(肌肉的)痉挛, 抽搐

jerks

卷筒纸颤动

jerk **

1. jerk jerks jerking jerked
If you jerk something or someone in a particular direction, or they jerk in a particular direction, they move a short distance very suddenly and quickly.

- Mr Griffin jerked forward in his chair.

- The car jerked to a halt.

- `This is Brady Coyne,' said Sam, jerking his head in my direction.

- Mike kept snatching him up by the collar and jerking him up.

- Eleanor jerked her wrist free.

- Foley raised his chin and jerked his neck as if his collar were too tight.

V-ERG

2. jerk jerks
Also a noun.

- He indicated the bedroom with a jerk of his head.

N-COUNT

3. jerk jerks
If you call someone a jerk , you are insulting them because you think they are stupid or you do not like them. (INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT disapproval

jerk

noun

tug

jolt

lurch

pull

thrust

twitch

wrench

yank

jerk around **

jerk around jerks around; jerking around; jerked around
If you say that someone is jerking you around , you mean that they are not being honest with you about something. (INFORMAL)

- Don't jerk me around, Mr Crook.

- We're being jerked around, and I don't like it.

PHR-V

jerk off **

jerk off jerks off; jerking off; jerked off
To jerk off means to masturbate . (INFORMAL, RUDE)
PHR-V: V P, V n P

jerkin

[D.J.:ˈdʒə:kin]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɚkɪn]

n.

男用无袖短上衣,短上衣

jerkin

jerkin jerkins
A jerkin is a sleeveless jacket worn by men or women. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

jerkiness

n.

急动,抽筋

jerky

[D.J.:ˈdʒɜ:ki:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒə..ki]

adj.

急拉的;忽动忽停的

愚蠢的;呆笨的

jerky *

1. jerky jerkier jerkiest
Jerky movements are very sudden and quick, and do not flow smoothly.

- Mr Griffin made a jerky gesture.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ smooth

2. jerkily

- Using his stick heavily, he moved jerkily towards the car.

ADV: ADV with v

3. jerkiness

- Avoid jerkiness by breathing easily throughout the exercise.

N-UNCOUNT

jerky

adjective

bumpy

convulsive

jolting

jumpy

shaky

spasmodic

twitchy

jerry-built

[ˈdʒeribilt]

adj.

偷工减料的

jerry-built

jerry-built
If you describe houses or blocks of flats as jerry-built , you are critical of the fact that they have been built very quickly and cheaply, without much care for safety or quality.

- Workers at the plant speak of jerry-built equipment and grave technical short-comings.

- `The place is a bit jerry-built. Last night the rain leaked through the roof and set off the smoke detectors.'

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

jerry-built

adjective

ramshackle

cheap

defective

flimsy

rickety

shabby

slipshod

thrown together

jersey

[D.J.:ˈdʒɜ:zi:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒə..zi]

n.

运动衫

jersey ***

1. jersey jerseys
A jersey is a knitted piece of clothing that covers the upper part of your body and your arms and does not open at the front. Jerseys are usually worn over a shirt or blouse. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- His grey jersey and trousers were sodden with the rain.

N-COUNT
= jumper sweater pullover

2. jersey jerseys
Jersey is a knitted, slightly stretchy fabric used especially to make women's clothing.

- Sheila had come to dinner in a black jersey top.

N-VAR: oft N n

Jersey

[ˈdʒə:zi]

n.

泽西种乳牛

Jersey *

Jersey Jerseys
A Jersey cow or a Jersey is a light brown cow that produces very creamy milk.
N-COUNT: oft N n

Jerusalem artichoke

Jerusalem artichoke Jerusalem artichokes
Jerusalem artichokes are small, yellowish-white vegetables that grow underground and look like potatoes.
N-VAR

jest

[D.J.:dʒest]

[K.K.:dʒɛst]

vi.

说笑话, 开玩笑

n.

笑话, 开玩笑

in jest

开玩笑地

jesting

[D.J.:ˈdʒestɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛstɪŋ]

adj.

爱开玩笑的；说着玩的，打趣的

jest *

1. jest jests
If you say something in jest , you do not mean it seriously, but want to be amusing.

- It was a jest rather than a reproach.

- The men talk as cheerfully as ever; jests are bandied about freely.

- Don't say that, even in jest.

- It was said in jest.

PHR: PHR after v
≠ seriously

2. jest jests jesting jested
If you jest , you tell jokes or say amusing things. (FORMAL)

- He enjoyed drinking and jesting with his cronies.

- A newspaper half jested: Had alcohol not already killed him, this would surely drive him to drink.

VB
= joke

jest

noun

1.

joke

bon mot

crack slang

jape

pleasantry

prank

quip

wisecrack informal

witticism

verb

2.

joke

kid informal

mock

quip

tease

jester

[D.J.:ˈdʒestə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛstɚ]

n.

(昔日为统治者说笑逗乐的)弄臣

jester

jester jesters
In the courts of kings and queens in medieval Europe, the jester was the person whose job was to do silly things in order to make people laugh.
N-COUNT
= fool

jester

noun

clown

buffoon

fool

harlequin

Jesuit

[D.J.:ˈdʒezjuit]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛʒuɪt, ˈdʒɛzu-, -ju-]

n.

耶稣会会士

Jesuit *

Jesuit Jesuits
A Jesuit is a Catholic priest who belongs to the Society of Jesus.
N-COUNT

Jesus

[D.J.:ˈdʒi:zəs]

[K.K.:ˈdʒizəs]

n.

耶稣

Jesus ***

1. Jesus
Jesus or Jesus Christ is the name of the man who Christians believe was the son of God, and whose teachings are the basis of Christianity.
N-PROPER

2. Jesus
Jesus is used by some people to express surprise, shock, or annoyance. This use could cause offence.
EXCLAM feelings

jet

[D.J.:dʒet]

[K.K.:dʒɛt]

n.

喷气式飞机; 喷气式发动机

喷嘴, 喷射口

喷射流

vi.

乘喷气式飞机

喷射

jetted

[ˈdʒetid]

adj.

用黑色大理石装饰的

jetting

[ˈdʒetiŋ]

n.

喷射;注射

jet ***

1. jet jets
A jet is an aircraft that is powered by jet engines.

- Her private jet landed in the republic on the way to Japan.

- He had arrived from Jersey by jet.

- ...America's first jet aircraft.

N-COUNT: also by N
See also jump jet .

2. jet jets jetting jetted
If you jet somewhere, you travel there in a fast plane.

- He and his wife, Val, will be jetting off on a two-week holiday in America.

- They spend a great deal of time jetting around the world.

VB

3. jet jets
A jet of liquid or gas is a strong, fast, thin stream of it.

- A jet of water poured through the windows.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

4. jet
Jet is a hard black stone that is used in jewellery.
N-UNCOUNT

jet

adjective

black

coal-black

ebony

inky

pitch-black

raven

sable

jet

noun

1.

stream

flow

fountain

gush

spout

spray

spring

2.

nozzle

atomizer

sprayer

sprinkler

verb

3.

fly

soar

zoom

jet aircraft

jet aircraft
A jet aircraft is an aircraft that is powered by one or more jet engines.
N-COUNT jet aircraft is both the singular and the plural form

jet black

jet black
Something that is jet black is a very intense black.

- ...a very attractive woman with large grey eyes and jet-black hair.

ADJ also jet-black

jet engine

jet engine jet engines
A jet engine is an engine in which hot air and gases are forced out at the back. Jet engines are used for most modern aircraft.
N-COUNT

jet lag *

jet lag
If you are suffering from jet lag , you feel tired and slightly confused after a long journey by aeroplane, especially after travelling between places that have a time difference of several hours.
N-UNCOUNT (BRIT) also jetlag

jet-lagged

jet-lagged
Someone who is jet-lagged is suffering from jet lag.

- I'm still a little jet-lagged.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

jetliner

[D.J.:ˈdʒetˌlainə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛtˌlaɪnɚ]

n.

喷气客机

jetliner

jetliner jetliners
A jetliner is a large aircraft, especially one which carries passengers. (AM)
N-COUNT

jet set

jet set
You can refer to rich and successful people who live in a luxurious way as the jet set .

- The winter sports bring the jet set from England.

N-SING: usu the N also jet-set

jet-setting

jet-setting
You use jet-setting to describe people who are rich and successful and who have a luxurious lifestyle.

- ...the international jet-setting elite.

- ...his jet-setting lifestyle.

ADJ: ADJ n

jet ski

jet ski jet skis
A jet ski is a small machine like a motorcycle that is powered by a jet engine and can travel on the surface of water. (TRADEMARK)
N-COUNT also jet-ski

jet stream

jet stream jet streams
The jet stream is a very strong wind that blows high in the earth's atmosphere and has an important influence on the weather.
N-COUNT

jettison

[D.J.:ˈdʒetɪsən, -zən]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛtɪsən, -zən]

vt.

抛弃,丢弃

jettisoning

投下

jettison *

1. jettison jettisons jettisoning jettisoned
If you jettison something, for example an idea or a plan, you deliberately reject it or decide not to use it.

- The Government seems to have jettisoned the plan.

VB
= abandon

2. jettison jettisons jettisoning jettisoned
To jettison something that is not needed or wanted means to throw it away or get rid of it.

- The crew jettisoned excess fuel and made an emergency landing.

VB
= discard

jettison

verb

abandon

discard

dump

eject

expel

scrap

throw overboard

unload

jetty

[D.J.:ˈdʒeti:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɛti]

n.

防波堤;码头

jetty *

jetty jetties
A jetty is a wide stone wall or wooden platform where boats stop to let people get on or off, or to load or unload goods.
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

jetty

noun

pier

breakwater

dock

groyne

mole

quay

wharf

Jew

[D.J.:dʒu:]

[K.K.:dʒu]

n.

犹太教徒

犹太人

Jew ***

Jew Jews
A Jew is a person who believes in and practises the religion of Judaism.
N-COUNT

jewel

[D.J.:ˈdʒu:əl]

[K.K.:ˈdʒuəl]

n.

宝石, 宝石饰物

受珍视的人[物]

jewel **

1. jewel jewels
A jewel is a precious stone used to decorate valuable things that you wear, such as rings or necklaces.

- ...a golden box containing precious jewels.

N-COUNT
See also crown jewels .

2. jewel jewels
If you describe something or someone as a jewel , you mean that they are better, more beautiful, or more special than other similar things or than other people.

- Walk down Castle Street and admire our little jewel of a cathedral.

- Alan, you're a jewel.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= treasure

3. jewel
If you refer to an achievement or thing as the jewel in someone's crown , you mean that it is considered to be their greatest achievement or the thing they can be most proud of.

- His achievement is astonishing and this book is the jewel in his crown.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

jewel

noun

1.

gemstone

ornament

rock slang

sparkler informal

2.

rarity

collector's item

find

gem

humdinger slang

pearl

treasure

wonder

jewel case

1. jewel case jewel cases
A jewel case is a box for keeping jewels in.
N-COUNT

2. jewel case jewel cases
A jewel case is the plastic box in which a compact disc is kept.
N-COUNT

jewelled

[D.J.:ˈdʒu:əld]

[K.K.:ˈdʒuəld]

adj.

镶有宝石的,带宝石的;带首饰的

jewelled

jewelled
Jewelled items and ornaments are decorated with precious stones.
ADJ (AM) jeweled

jeweller

[D.J.:ˈdʒu:ələ]

n.

珠宝商

珠宝店

jeweller *

1. jeweller jewellers
A jeweller is a person who makes, sells, and repairs jewellery and watches.
N-COUNT (AM) jeweler

2. jeweller jewellers
A jeweller or a jeweller's is a shop where jewellery and watches are made, sold, and repaired.
N-COUNT (AM) jeweler

jewellery

[ˈdʒu:əlri]

n.

首饰; 饰物

jewellery **

jewellery
Jewellery is ornaments that people wear, for example rings, bracelets, and necklaces. It is often made of a valuable metal such as gold, and sometimes decorated with precious stones.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) jewelry

jewellery

noun

jewels

finery

gems

ornaments

regalia

treasure

trinkets

Jewish

[D.J.:ˈdʒu:ɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈdʒuɪʃ]

adj.

犹太人的;犹太教徒的

Jewish ***

Jewish
Jewish means belonging or relating to the religion of Judaism or to Jews.

- ...the Jewish festival of the Passover.

ADJ

Jewishness

Jewishness
Someone's Jewishness is the fact that they are a Jew.
N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

Jewry

[D.J.:ˈdʒuəri]

[K.K.:ˈdʒuri]

n.

犹太人区,(总称)犹太人,犹太民族

Jewry

Jewry
Jewry is all the people, or all the people in a particular place, who believe in and practise the religion of Judaism. (FORMAL)

- There could be no better way to strengthen the unity of world Jewry.

N-UNCOUNT: usu adj N

jib

[D.J.:dʒɪb]

[K.K.:dʒɪb]

n.

艏三角帆;主帆前的小帆

(起重机的)悬臂,挺杆

vi.

<过时,非正>不愿做;不肯接受

jib

1. jib jibs
The jib is the small triangular sail that is sometimes used at the front of a sailing boat.
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

2. jib jibs jibbing jibbed
If you jib at something, you are unwilling to do it or to accept it. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...those who jib at the idea of selling their land.

VB

jib

verb

refuse

balk

recoil

retreat

shrink

stop short

jibe

[D.J.:dʒaɪb]

[K.K.:dʒaɪb]

vi.

与…一致

jibe with sth

(与…)相符，一致，相匹配

jibe *

1. jibe jibes
A jibe is a rude or insulting remark about someone that is intended to make them look foolish.

- ...a cheap jibe about his loss of hair...

- The bank is clearly fed up with the constant jibe that it has no clear management strategy.

N-COUNT: oft N that The spelling gibe is also used

2. jibe jibes jibing jibed
To jibe means to say something rude or insulting which is intended to make another person look foolish. (WRITTEN)

- `No doubt he'll give me the chance to fight him again,' he jibed, tongue in cheek.

VB The spelling gibe is also used

3. jibe jibes jibing jibed
If numbers, statements, or events jibe , they are exactly the same as each other or they are consistent with each other. (mainly AM)

- The numbers don't jibe.

- How did your expectations jibe with the reality?

V-RECIP
= tally

jiffy

[D.J.:ˈdʒɪfi:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪfi]

n.

<非正>一会儿,瞬间

jiffy

jiffy
If you say that you will do something in a jiffy , you mean that you will do it very quickly or very soon. (INFORMAL)
PHR: PHR after v

jig

[D.J.:dʒɪg]

[K.K.:dʒɪɡ]

n.

快步舞(曲)<口>极快地

vt. & vi.

(使)上下急动

jigging

[ˈdʒiɡiŋ]

n.

跳汰选;簸选

jig *

1. jig jigs
A jig is a lively dance.

- She danced an Irish jig.

N-COUNT

2. jig jigs jigging jigged
To jig means to dance or move energetically, especially bouncing up and down.

- You didn't just jig about by yourself, I mean you danced properly.

VB

3. jig jigs
A jig is a device that holds something in position when it is being machined by a tool such as a drill.
N-COUNT

jig

verb

skip

bob

bounce

caper

prance

wiggle

jigger

[D.J.:ˈdʒiɡə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪɡɚ]

n.

计量杯,小玩意,盘车,小帆船

jiggers

int.

注意,小心

jigger

jigger jiggers
A jigger of a drink such as whisky or gin is the amount of it you are given when you order it in a bar. (mainly AM)

- ...a jigger of brandy.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

jiggery-pokery

[D.J.:ˈdʒiɡəri:ˌpəukəri]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪɡəriˈpokəri]

n.

欺诈,欺骗

jiggery-pokery

jiggery-pokery
If you describe behaviour as jiggery-pokery , you mean that it involves tricking people or being dishonest. (BRIT, INFORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED)

- It seems astonishing that Bond got away with so much jiggery-pokery for as long as he did.

N-UNCOUNT
= hanky-panky

jiggle

[D.J.:ˈdʒɪgəl]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪɡəl]

vt. & vi.

轻摇,抖动

vt.

坐立不安

n.

轻摇

jiggle

1. jiggle jiggles jiggling jiggled
If you jiggle something, you move it quickly up and down or from side to side. (INFORMAL)

- He jiggled the doorknob noisily.

VB

2. jiggle jiggles jiggling jiggled
To jiggle around means to move quickly up and down or from side to side. (INFORMAL)

- He tapped his feet, hummed tunes and jiggled about.

- A roll of fat jiggled on the underside of her arm.

VB

jigsaw

[D.J.:ˈdʒɪgˌsɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪɡˌsɔ]

n.

线索;拼图

jigsaw puzzle

拼板玩具

jigsaw *

1. jigsaw jigsaws
A jigsaw or jigsaw puzzle is a picture on cardboard or wood that has been cut up into odd shapes. You have to make the picture again by putting the pieces together correctly.
N-COUNT
= puzzle

2. jigsaw jigsaws
You can describe a complicated situation as a jigsaw .

- ...the jigsaw of high-level diplomacy.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp,

jihad

[D.J.:dʒiˈhɑ:d]

[K.K.:dʒɪˈhɑd]

n.

〈宗〉伊斯兰圣战

jihad *

jihad
A jihad is a holy war which Islam allows Muslims to fight against those who reject its teachings.
N-SING

jilt

[D.J.:dʒɪlt]

[K.K.:dʒɪlt]

vt.

抛弃,遗弃(情人)

jilt

jilt jilts jilting jilted
If someone is jilted , the person they are having a romantic relationship with suddenly ends the relationship in a surprising and upsetting way. (INFORMAL)

- She was jilted by her first fianc´e.

- Driven to distraction, he murdered the woman who jilted him.

- Police want to interview her jilted lover.

VB
= dump

jingle

[D.J.:ˈdʒɪŋgəl]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪŋɡəl]

n.

叮当声

节拍十分规则的简单诗歌

vt. & vi.

(使)叮当作响

jingled

[ˈdʒiŋɡld]

adj.

〈美俚〉喝醉的

jingling

[ˈdʒiŋɡliŋ]

n.

叮当声

adj.

叮当响 的,发叮当声的

jingle **

1. jingle jingles jingling jingled
When something jingles or when you jingle it, it makes a gentle ringing noise, like small bells.

- Brian put his hands in his pockets and jingled some change.

- Her bracelets jingled like bells.

- ...jingling bottles.

V-ERG

2. jingle
Also a noun.

- ...the jingle of money in a man's pocket.

N-SING: oft N of n

3. jingle jingles
A jingle is a short, simple tune, often with words, which is used to advertise a product or programme on radio or television.

- ...advertising jingles.

N-COUNT

jingle

noun

1.

rattle

clang

clink

reverberation

ringing

tinkle

2.

song

chorus

ditty

melody

tune

verb

3.

ring

chime

clatter

clink

jangle

rattle

tinkle

jingoism

[D.J.:ˈdʒɪŋgəʊˌɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪŋɡoˌɪzəm]

n.

沙文主义;侵略主义;武力外交政策

jingoism

jingoism
Jingoism is a strong and unreasonable belief in the superiority of your own country.
N-UNCOUNT disapproval

jingoistic

[ˌdʒiŋɡəuˈistik]

adj.

强硬外交政策的,侵略分子的

jingoistic

jingoistic
Jingoistic behaviour shows a strong and unreasonable belief in the superiority of your own country.

- The press continued its jingoistic display.

ADJ: usu ADJ n disapproval

jink

[D.J.:dʒiŋk]

[K.K.:dʒɪŋk]

vi.

急转, (尤指)躲闪, 闪开

jink

jink jinks jinking jinked
To jink somewhere means to move there quickly in an irregular way, rather than by moving in a straight line. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- As they reached the start-finish line Prost jinked right and drew abreast.

VB
See also high jinks .

jinx

[D.J.:dʒɪŋks]

[K.K.:dʒɪŋks]

n.

<非正> 厄运;霉运;不祥的人〔物〕

vt.

<非正>把厄运带给;使倒霉

jinx

jinx jinxes
You can call something or someone that is considered to be unlucky or to bring bad luck a jinx .

- He was beginning to think he was a jinx.

N-COUNT: usu sing

jinx

noun

1.

curse

hex U.S. & Canad. informal

hoodoo informal

nemesis

verb

2.

curse

bewitch

hex U.S. & Canad. informal

jinxed

jinxed
If something is jinxed , it is considered to be unlucky or to bring bad luck.
ADJ-GRADED

jitters

[D.J.:ˈdʒɪtəz]

n.

事情发生前的焦虑

get/have the jitters

(尤其在面对重要事情或困难时)焦躁不安，紧张

jitters *

jitters
If you have the jitters , you feel extremely nervous, for example because you have to do something important or because you are expecting important news. (INFORMAL)

- I had a case of the jitters during my first two speeches.

- Officials feared that any public announcements would only increase market jitters.

N-PLURAL: oft the N

jitters

plural noun

nerves

anxiety

butterflies (in one's stomach) informal

cold feet informal

fidgets

nervousness

the shakes informal

jittery

[D.J.:ˈdʒɪtəri:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɪtəri]

adj.

<口>紧张不安的;神经过敏的

jittery *

jittery
If someone is jittery , they feel nervous or are behaving nervously. (INFORMAL)

- International investors have become jittery about the country's economy.

ADJ-GRADED
= jumpy edgy on edge

jittery

adjective

nervous

agitated

anxious

fidgety

jumpy

shaky

trembling

twitchy informal

jive

[D.J.:dʒaiv]

[K.K.:dʒaɪv]

n.

摇摆乐,隐语,摇摆舞

vi.

跳摇摆舞,哄骗

adj.

假的

jive

1. jive jives jiving jived
If you jive , you dance energetically, especially to rock and roll or swing music. (INFORMAL)

- I learnt to jive there when they got the jukebox.

VB

2. jive
Jive is rock and roll or swing music that you jive to.
N-UNCOUNT

3. jive
Jive or jive talk is a kind of informal language used by some African Americans. (AM)
N-UNCOUNT

Jnr

abbr.

Junior 小

Jnr

abbr.

Junior 小

Jnr *

Jnr
Jnr is a written abbreviation for Junior . It is used after a man's name to distinguish him from an older member of his family with the same name. (BRIT; in AM use Jr )

= Jr

job

[D.J.:dʒɔb]

[K.K.:dʒɑb]

n.

职业, 职位

(一件)工作

职责, 责任

job *****

1. job jobs
A job is the work that someone does to earn money.

- Once I'm in America I can get a job.

- Thousands have lost their jobs.

- I felt the pressure of being the first woman in the job.

- ...overseas job vacancies.

N-COUNT

2. job jobs
A job is a particular task.

- He said he hoped that the job of putting together a coalition wouldn't take too much time.

- Save major painting jobs for the spring or summer.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n, n N

3. job jobs
The job of a particular person or thing is their duty or function.

- Their main job is to preserve health rather than treat illness.

- His next job is to get us to the World Cup finals.

- Drinking a lot helps the kidneys do their job.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

4. job
If you say that someone is doing a good job , you mean that they are doing something well. In British English, you can also say that they are making a good job of something.

- We could do a far better job of managing it than they have.

- You've done a fine job with Billy and Joey.

N-SING: usu adj N, oft N of -ing/n

5. job
If you say that you have a job doing something, you are emphasizing how difficult it is.

- He may have a hard job selling that argument to investors.

- With all these different pensions, you're going to have a job to keep track.

N-SING: usu N -ing, N to-inf emphasis

6. job
If you refer to work as jobs for the boys , you mean that the work is unfairly given to someone's friends, supporters, or relations, even though they may not be the best qualified people to do it. (BRIT)

- The Party has been accused of creating a `jobs for the boys' system of government.

PHR disapproval
= cronyism

7. job
If you say that something is just the job , you mean that it is exactly what you wanted or needed. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Not only is it just the job for travelling, but it's handy for groceries too.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
= just the ticket

8. job
If someone is on the job , they are actually doing a particular job or task.

- The top pay scale after five years on the job would reach $5.00 an hour.

- There was no formal training; they learned on the job.

PHR

job

noun

1.

task

assignment

chore

duty

enterprise

errand

undertaking

venture

2.

occupation

business

calling

career

employment

livelihood

profession

vocation

jobbing

[ˈdʒɔbiŋ]

adj.

做零活的

jobbing

jobbing
A jobbing worker does not work for someone on a regular basis, but does particular jobs when they are asked to. (BRIT)

- ...a jobbing builder.

ADJ: ADJ n

job centre

job centre job centres
In Britain, a job centre is a place where people who are looking for work can go to get advice on finding a job, and to look at advertisements placed by people who are looking for new employees.
N-COUNT also jobcentre

job description

job description job descriptions
A job description is a written account of all the duties and responsibilities involved in a particular job or position.
N-COUNT: usu singular

jobless

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔblɪs]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɑblɪs]

adj.

没有工作的;失业的

jobless **

1. jobless
Someone who is jobless does not have a job, although they would like one.

- One in four people are now jobless in inner areas like Tottenham and Peckham.

- ...the number of jobless people.

ADJ
= unemployed

2. jobless
The jobless are people who are jobless.

- They joined the ranks of the jobless.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. joblessness

- Concern over the rising level of joblessness was a feature of yesterday's debate.

N-UNCOUNT
= unemployment

jobless

adjective

unemployed

idle

inactive

out of work

unoccupied

job lot

job lot job lots
A job lot is a number of cheap things of low quality which are sold together, for example in auctions or second-hand shops.

- I was lucky to get it as part of a job lot at a sale.

N-COUNT

job seeker

job seeker job seekers
A job seeker is an unemployed person who is trying to get a job.
N-COUNT

job share

1. job share job shares job sharing job shared
If two people job share , they share the same job by working part-time, for example one person working in the mornings and the other in the afternoons.

- They both want to job share.

VB

2. job sharing

- Part-time work and job sharing will become commonplace.

N-UNCOUNT

jobsworth

jobsworth jobsworths
If you refer to someone as a jobsworth , you are criticizing them for using the rules connected to their job as an excuse not to be helpful. (BRIT)

- A surly jobsworth alerted security.

N-COUNT disapproval

jock

1. jock jocks
A jock is a young man who is enthusiastic about a particular sport and spends a lot of time playing it. (INFORMAL)

- ...an all-American football jock.

N-COUNT

2. jock jocks
A jock is the same as a disc jockey . (INFORMAL)

- ...top Radio 1 jock Simon Bates.

N-COUNT

jockey

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔki]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɑki]

n.

赛马骑师

jockey **

1. jockey jockeys
A jockey is someone who rides a horse in a race.
N-COUNT

2. jockey jockeys jockeying jockeyed
If someone is jockeying for position , they are using whatever methods they can in order to get into a better position than their rivals.

- The rival political parties are already jockeying for power.

- Already, both sides are jockeying to belittle the other side.

PHR: V inflects

jockey shorts

jockey shorts
Jockey shorts are a type of men's underpants. (TRADEMARK)
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

jockstrap

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔkstræp]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɑkˌstræp]

n.

护身三角绷带

jockstrap

jockstrap jockstraps
A jockstrap is a piece of underwear worn by sportsmen to support their genitals.
N-COUNT

jocular

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔkjələ]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɑkjəlɚ]

adj.

爱开玩笑的

滑稽的,幽默的

jocularity

n.

jocularly

adv.

jocularity

[ˌdʒɔkjuˈlæriti]

n.

滑稽,戏谑,打趣

jocular

jocular
If you say that someone has a jocular manner, you mean that they are cheerful and often make jokes or try to make people laugh. (FORMAL)

- He was in a less jocular mood than usual.

- The song was written in a light-hearted jocular way.

ADJ-GRADED
= humorous

jocular

adjective

humorous

amusing

droll

facetious

funny

joking

jovial

playful

sportive

teasing

waggish

jodhpurs

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔdpəz]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɑdpəz]

n.

骑马裤,短马靴

jodhpurs

jodhpurs
Jodhpurs are trousers that people wear when they ride a horse. Jodhpurs are usually loose above the knee and tight below the knee.

- ...a boy in jodhpurs.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N The form jodhpur is used as a modifier

jog

[D.J.:dʒɔɡ]

[K.K.:dʒɑɡ]

vt. & vi.

(使)慢走; 慢跑

vt.

轻敲, 轻推

n.

轻推

慢跑

jogged

[ˈdʒɔɡd]

adj.

接合的,啮合的

jogging

[ˈdʒɔɡiŋ]

n.

慢跑

jog *

1. jog jogs jogging jogged
If you jog , you run slowly, often as a form of exercise.

- I got up early the next morning to jog.

- He could scarcely jog around the block that first day.

VB

2. jog jogs
Also a noun.

- He went for another early morning jog.

N-COUNT

3. jogging

- It isn't the walking and jogging that got his weight down.

N-UNCOUNT

4. jog jogs jogging jogged
If you jog something, you push or bump it slightly so that it moves.

- Avoid jogging the camera.

VB

5. jog
If something or someone jogs your memory , they cause you to suddenly remember something that you had forgotten.

- Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in the hope this will jog the memory of passers-by.

PHR: V inflects

jog

verb

1.

nudge

prod

push

shake

stir

2.

run

canter

lope

trot

jogger

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔgə]

n.

慢跑锻炼者

jogger

jogger joggers
A jogger is a person who jogs as a form of exercise.
N-COUNT

joie de vivre

joie de vivre
Joie de vivre is a feeling of happiness and enjoyment of life. (LITERARY)

- He has plenty of joie de vivre.

N-UNCOUNT

joie de vivre

noun

enthusiasm

ebullience

enjoyment

gusto

relish

zest

join

[D.J.:dʒɔin]

[K.K.:dʒɔɪn]

vt. & vi.

连接, 联结

加入, 参加, 同…一起做某事

joining

[ˈdʒɔiniŋ]

n.

连接,接缝,连接物

join *****

1. join joins joining joined
If one person or vehicle joins another, they move or go to the same place, for example so that both of them can do something together.

- His wife and children moved to join him in their new home.

- The two policemen were joined by another policeman also carrying a pistol.

VB

2. join joins joining joined
If you join an organization, you become a member of it or start work as an employee of it.

- He joined the Army five years ago.

- She joined a dance company which took her around the world.

VB

3. join joins joining joined
If you join an activity that other people are doing, you take part in it or become involved with it.

- Telephone operators joined the strike and four million engineering workers are also planning action.

- The pastor requested the women present to join him in prayer.

- Last night the group which represents private contractors joined in condemning the Government's confused stance.

VB

4. join joins joining joined
If you join a queue, you stand at the end of it so that you are part of it.

- Make sure you join the queue inside the bank.

VB

5. join joins joining joined
To join two things means to fix or fasten them together.

- The opened link is used to join the two ends of the chain.

- ...the conjunctiva, the skin which joins the eye to the lid.

- ...two springs that are joined together by a string.

VB

6. join joins joining joined
If something such as a line or path joins two things, it connects them.

- It has a dormer roof joining both gable ends.

- The car parks are joined by a footpath.

- ...a global highway of cables joining all the continents together.

VB

7. join joins joining joined
If two roads or rivers join , they meet or come together at a particular point.

- Do you know the highway to Tulsa? The airport road joins it.

- ...Allahabad, where the Ganges and the Yamuna rivers join.

V-RECIP

8. join joins
A join is a place where two things are fastened or fixed together.
N-COUNT

join

verb

1.

connect

add

append

attach

combine

couple

fasten

link

unite

2.

enrol

enlist

enter

sign up

join in *****

join in joins in; joining in; joined in
If you join in an activity, you take part in it or become involved in it.

- I hope that everyone will be able to join in the fun.

- The songs the woman will sing will be known by everyone present and all will join in as she sings.

PHR-V

join up *****

1. join up joins up; joining up; joined up
If someone joins up , they become a member of the army, the navy, or the air force.

- When hostilities broke out he returned to England and joined up.

PHR-V
= enlist

2. join up joins up; joining up; joined up
If one person or organization joins up with another, they start doing something together.

- Hawkins joined up with Mick in Malaga, and the two went touring around the countryside.

- Councils are joining up with their European counterparts in a number of special interest groups.

- They began to join up in communities and to contribute to the livelihood of other communities.

PHR-V-RECIP

joined-up

adj.

表现出成熟老练的

joined-up

1. joined-up
In joined-up writing, you join all the letters in each word together, without taking your pen off the paper. This sort of writing is used by older children and adults.
ADJ: ADJ n

2. joined-up
Journalists sometimes use joined-up to describe plans, ideas, or organizations which seem sensible, sophisticated, and mature, especially when they think that they have been unsophisticated or immature in the past.

- ...another step towards joined-up government.

ADJ: ADJ n approval

joiner

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔinə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɔɪnɚ]

n.

工匠

joiner

joiner joiners
A joiner is a person who makes wooden window frames, door frames, doors, and cupboards. Compare carpenter . (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

joinery

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔinəri]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɔɪnəri]

n.

细木匠业,木工职业

joinery

joinery
Joinery is the skill and work of a joiner. (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

joint

[D.J.:dʒɔint]

[K.K.:dʒɔɪnt]

adj.

共同的, 联合的

n.

关节

接头, 接合处

jointly

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔɪntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɔɪntlɪ]

adv.

共同地,联合地;连带地

joint ****

1. joint
Joint means shared by or belonging to two or more people.

- She and Frank had never gotten around to opening a joint account.

- Jackie and Ben came to a joint decision as to where they would live.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. jointly

- The Port Authority is an agency jointly run by New York and New Jersey.

ADV: ADV with v

3. joint joints
A joint is a part of your body such as your elbow or knee where two bones meet and are able to move together.

- Her joints ache if she exercises.

N-COUNT

4. joint joints
A joint is the place where two things are fastened or fixed together.
N-COUNT
See also dovetail joint.

5. joint joints
A joint is a fairly large piece of meat which is suitable for roasting. (BRIT; in AM use roast )

- He carved the joint of beef.

N-COUNT

6. joint joints
You can refer to a cheap place where people go for some form of entertainment as a joint . (INFORMAL)

- They had come to the world's most famous pick-up joint.

- She had always wanted to eat in a hamburger joint in Hollywood.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

7. joint joints
A joint is a cigarette which contains cannabis or marijuana. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= spliff reefer

8. joint
If something puts someone's nose out of joint , it upsets or offends them because it makes them feel less important or less valued. (INFORMAL)

- Barry had his nose put out of joint by Lucy's aloof sophistication.

- Her sister-in-law's nose is a little out of joint.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

9. joint
If something is out of joint , it is not quite right or appropriate, or does not work quite as it should.

- There was something out of joint in the situation. Something was strange.

- The electoral timetable seems to be out of joint with the need for change.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

joint

adjective

1.

shared

collective

combined

communal

cooperative

joined

mutual

united

noun

2.

junction

connection

hinge

intersection

nexus

node

verb

3.

divide

carve

cut up

dissect

segment

sever

jointly

adverb

collectively

as one

in common

in conjunction

in league

in partnership

mutually

together

jointed

[ˈdʒɔintid]

adj.

有接缝的

jointed

1. jointed
Something that is jointed has joints that move.

- The glass cover for this is cleverly jointed in the middle.

ADJ

2. jointed
A jointed chicken or other bird has been cut into pieces so that it is ready to cook. (BRIT)
ADJ

joint-stock company

joint-stock company joint-stock companies
A joint-stock company is a company that is owned by the people who have bought shares in that company.
N-COUNT

joist

[D.J.:dʒɔist]

[K.K.:dʒɔɪst]

n.

托梁

joist

joist joists
Joists are long thick pieces of metal, wood, or concrete that form part of the structure of a building, usually to support a floor or ceiling.
N-COUNT
= beam

jojoba

[D.J.:həˈhəʊbə, həʊ-]

[K.K.:həˈhobə, ho-]

n.

加州希蒙得木

jojoba

jojoba
Jojoba or jojoba oil is made from the seeds of the jojoba plant. It is used in many cosmetics such as shampoos.
N-UNCOUNT

joke

[D.J.:dʒəuk]

[K.K.:dʒok]

n.

笑话, 玩笑

可笑的人、事物、情形

vt. & vi.

开玩笑, 戏弄

joking

[D.J.:ˈdʒəʊkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdʒokɪŋ]

adj.

开玩笑的

joking apart/aside

言归正传；说正经的

you must be joking!; you’re joking!

你一定是在开玩笑吧

joke ***

1. joke jokes
A joke is something that is said or done to make you laugh, for example a funny story.

- He debated whether to make a joke about shooting rabbits, but decided against it.

- No one told worse jokes than Claus.

N-COUNT: oft N about n

2. joke jokes joking joked
If you joke , you tell funny stories or say amusing things.

- She would joke about her appearance.

- Lorna was laughing and joking with Trevor.

- The project was taking so long that Stephen joked that it would never be finished.

- `Well, a beautiful spring Thursday would probably be a nice day to be buried on,' Nancy joked.

VB

3. joke jokes
A joke is something untrue that you tell another person in order to amuse yourself.

- It was probably just a joke to them, but it wasn't funny to me.

N-COUNT

4. joke jokes joking joked
If you joke , you tell someone something that is not true in order to amuse yourself.

- Don't get defensive, Charlie. I was only joking.

- `I wish you made as much fuss of me,' Vera joked, going into the scullery to make some fresh tea.

VB
= kid

5. joke
If you say that something or someone is a joke , you think they are ridiculous and do not deserve respect. (INFORMAL)

- It's ridiculous, it's pathetic, it's a joke.

- The police investigation was a joke. A total cover-up.

N-SING: a N disapproval

6. joke
If you say that an annoying or worrying situation is beyond a joke , you are emphasizing that it is worse than you think is fair or reasonable. (BRIT)

- Giving an arsonist a lighter is beyond a joke.

- I'm not afraid of a fair fight but this is beginning to get beyond a joke.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v emphasis

7. joke
If you make a joke of something, you laugh at it even though it is in fact rather serious or sad.

- I wish I had your courage, Michael, to make a joke of it like that.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

8. joke
If you describe a situation as no joke , you are emphasizing that it is very difficult or unpleasant. (INFORMAL)

- Two hours on a bus is no joke, is it.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

9. joke
If you say that the joke is on a particular person, you mean that they have been made to look very foolish by something.

- `For once,' he said, `the joke's on me. And it's not very funny.'

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

10. joke
If you say that someone cannot take a joke , you are criticizing them for getting upset or angry at something you think is funny.

- `What's the matter with you, Simon?' Curly said. `Can't you take a joke?'

PHR: V inflects disapproval

11. joke
You say you're joking or you must be joking to someone when they have just told you something that is so surprising or unreasonable that you find it difficult to believe. (SPOKEN)

- You're joking. Are you serious?.

- One hundred and forty quid for a pair of headphones, you've got to be joking!

CONVENTION feelings
= you're kidding

joke

noun

1.

jest

gag informal

jape

prank

pun

quip

wisecrack informal

witticism

2.

clown

buffoon

laughing stock

verb

3.

jest

banter

kid informal

mock

play the fool

quip

taunt

tease

joker

[D.J.:ˈdʒəʊkə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒokɚ]

n.

纸牌中可当任何点数用的一张

爱讲笑话的人

the joker in the pack

难以捉摸的人；行动诡秘的人；不可预料的因素

joker *

1. joker jokers
Someone who is a joker likes making jokes or doing amusing things.

- He is, by nature, a joker, a witty man with a sense of fun.

N-COUNT

2. joker jokers
The joker in a pack of playing cards is the card which does not belong to any of the four suits.
N-COUNT

3. joker jokers
You can call someone a joker if you think they are behaving in a stupid or dangerous way. (INFORMAL)

- Keep your eye on these jokers, you never know what they will come up with.

N-COUNT disapproval
= idiot

4. joker
If you describe someone or something as the joker in the pack , you mean that they are different from the other people or things in their group, and can be unpredictable.
PHR

joker

noun

comedian

buffoon

clown

comic

humorist

jester

prankster

trickster

wag

wit

jokey

[D.J.:ˈdʒəuki]

[K.K.:ˈdʒoki]

adj.

好开玩笑的,滑稽的

jokey

jokey
If someone behaves in a jokey way, they do things in a way that is intended to be amusing, rather than serious. (INFORMAL)

- Bruno has not got his younger brother's jokey manner.

- He was still his old jokey self.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ serious

jokingly

[D.J.:ˈd ʒəʊkɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈd ʒokɪ ŋlɪ]

adv.

打趣地,开玩笑地

jokingly

jokingly
If you say or do something jokingly , you say or do it with the intention of amusing someone, rather than with any serious meaning or intention.

- Sarah jokingly called her `my monster'.

- She frowned at him, only half-jokingly.

ADV: ADV with v

jollity

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔlɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɑlɪti]

n.

<正>欢乐;愉快

jollity

jollity
Jollity is cheerful behaviour. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...the singing and jollity of the celebration.

N-UNCOUNT

jollier

n.

讨别人开心的人,马屁精

jolly

[ˈdʒɔli]

adj.

快活的; 高兴的; 兴高采烈的

vt.

使(某人)甘愿或渴望做(某事); 怂恿

jolly **

1. jolly jollier jolliest
Someone who is jolly is happy and cheerful in their appearance or behaviour.

- She was a jolly, kindhearted woman.

ADJ-GRADED

2. jolly jollier jolliest
A jolly event is lively and enjoyable.

- I was looking forward to a jolly party.

- She had a very jolly time in Korea.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. jolly
Jolly is sometimes used to emphasize an adjective or adverb. (BRIT, INFORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED)

- She was jolly good at jigsaws.

- It was jolly hard work, but I loved it.

ADV: ADV adj/adv emphasis
= very extremely

4. jolly
Jolly well is sometimes used to emphasize an opinion or intention, and to express annoyance or anger. (BRIT, INFORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED)

- We can hardly just tell him what we jolly well think of him can we?.

- She was jolly well not going to let them get away with it.

PHR: PHR before v, PHR adj emphasis

jolly

adjective

happy

cheerful

chirpy informal

genial

jovial

merry

playful

sprightly

upbeat informal

jolt

[D.J.:dʒəult]

[K.K.:dʒolt]

vt. & vi.

(使)摇动; (使)震惊

jolting

[ˈdʒəultiŋ]

n.

震动,震击

jolt *

1. jolt jolts jolting jolted
If something jolts or if something jolts it, it moves suddenly and quite violently.

- The wagon jolted again.

- The train jolted into motion.

- They were working frantically in the fear that an aftershock would jolt the house again.

V-ERG

2. jolt jolts
Also a noun.

- We were worried that one tiny jolt could worsen her injuries.

N-COUNT

3. jolt jolts jolting jolted
If something jolts someone, it gives them an unpleasant surprise or shock.

- A stinging slap across the face jolted her.

- Henderson was momentarily jolted by the news.

VB

4. jolt jolts
Also a noun.

- The campaign came at a time when America needed such a jolt.

N-COUNT

jolt

noun

1.

jerk

bump

jar

jog

jump

lurch

shake

start

2.

surprise

blow

bolt from the blue

bombshell

setback

shock

verb

3.

jerk

jar

jog

jostle

knock

push

shake

shove

4.

surprise

discompose

disturb

perturb

stagger

startle

stun

Joneses

n.

与自己社会地位相等的人,邻居

Joneses

Joneses
If you say that someone is keeping up with the Joneses , you mean that they are doing something in order to show that they have as much money as other people, rather than because they really want to do it.

- Many people were holding down three jobs just to keep up with the Joneses.

PHR: V inflects also Jones

Jordanian

[D.J.:dʒɔ:ˈdeiniən]

adj.

约旦的;与约旦有关的

n.

约旦人;约旦国民

约旦人的后裔

Jordanian ***

1. Jordanian
Jordanian means belonging or relating to the country of Jordan, or to its people or culture.
ADJ

2. Jordanian Jordanians
A Jordanian is a Jordanian citizen, or a person of Jordanian origin.
N-COUNT

joss stick

joss stick joss sticks
A joss stick is a thin stick covered with a substance that burns very slowly and smells pleasant.
N-COUNT

jostle

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔsəl]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɑsəl]

vt.

挤;推;撞

jostle for sth

争夺；争抢

jostling

[ˈdʒɔsliŋ]

n.

推撞,冲撞别人的马

jostle *

1. jostle jostles jostling jostled
If people jostle you, they bump against you or push you in a way that annoys you, usually because you are in a crowd and they are trying to get past you.

- You get 2,000 people jostling each other and bumping into furniture.

- We spent an hour jostling with the crowds as we did our shopping.

- She was cheered and clapped by tourists who jostled to see her.

VB

2. jostle jostles jostling jostled
If people or things are jostling for something such as attention or a reward, they are competing with other people or things in order to get it.

- ...the contenders who have been jostling for the top job...

- There is a wide spread of stories jostling for coverage on today's front pages.

VB
= compete

jostle

verb

push

bump

elbow

hustle

jog

jolt

shake

shove

jot

[D.J.:dʒɔt]

[K.K.:dʒɑt]

vt.

匆忙记下

jot down

草草记下； 匆匆记下

n.

一点, 少量

jotting

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔtiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɑtɪŋ]

n.

简短的笔记,略记

jot *

1. jot jots jotting jotted
If you jot something short such as an address somewhere, you write it down so that you will remember it.

- Could you just jot his name on there.

VB
= note

2. jot down; jots down; jotting down; jotted down
Jot down means the same as jot .

- Keep a pad handy to jot down queries as they occur.

- Listen carefully to the instructions and jot them down.

PHR-V
= note down

3. jot
If you say that there is not a jot or not one jot of something, you are emphasizing that there is not even a very small amount of it. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- There is not a jot of evidence to say it does them any good.

- It makes not one jot of difference.

QUANT: with brd-neg, QUANT of n-uncount emphasis
= a bit

4. jot
Expressions such as a jot , one jot , not a jot are used to emphasize negative statements. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- It doesn't affect my judgement one jot.

- It matters not a jot.

PHR: with brd-neg, PHR after v emphasis

jotting

jotting jottings
Jottings are brief, informal notes that you write down.
N-COUNT: usu pl
= note

jot

verb

1.

note down

list

record

scribble

noun

2.

bit

fraction

grain

morsel

scrap

speck

joule

[D.J.:dʒu:l]

[K.K.:dʒul, dʒaʊl]

n.

焦耳

joule

joule joules
In physics, a joule is a unit of energy or work. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

journal

[D.J.:ˈdʒə:nl]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɚnəl]

n.

杂志, 期刊

日志, 日记

journal ****

1. journal journals
A journal is a magazine, especially one that deals with a specialized subject.

- All our results are published in scientific journals.

N-COUNT

2. journal journals
A journal is a daily or weekly newspaper. The word journal is often used in the name of the paper.

- He was a newspaperman for The New York Times and some other journals.

- ...The Wall Street Journal.

N-COUNT

3. journal journals
A journal is an account which you write of your daily activities.

- Sara confided to her journal.

- On the plane he wrote in his journal.

N-COUNT
= diary

journal

noun

1.

newspaper

daily

gazette

magazine

monthly

periodical

weekly

2.

diary

chronicle

log

record

journalism

[D.J.:ˈdʒɜ:nəˌlɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈdʒə..nəˌlɪzəm]

n.

新闻业

journalism **

journalism
Journalism is the job of collecting news and writing about it for newspapers, magazines, television, or radio.

- He began a career in journalism, working for the North London Press Group.

- It was an accomplished piece of investigative journalism.

N-UNCOUNT
See also cheque-book journalism .

journalist

[D.J.:ˈdʒə:nəlist]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɚnəlɪst]

n.

新闻工作者, 新闻记者

journalist ****

journalist journalists
A journalist is a person whose job is to collect news and write about it for newspapers, magazines, television, or radio.
N-COUNT
= reporter

journalist

noun

reporter

broadcaster

columnist

commentator

correspondent

hack

journo slang

newsman or newswoman

pressman

journalistic

[D.J.:ˌdʒɜ:nəˈlɪstɪk]

[K.K.:ˌdʒə..nəˈlɪstɪk]

adj.

新闻工作者的, 新闻业的

journalistic *

journalistic
Journalistic means relating to journalism, or produced by or typical of a journalist.

- He began his journalistic career in the early eighties in Australia.

- ...journalistic descriptions of countries she visited.

ADJ: ADJ n

journey

[D.J.:ˈdʒə:ni]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɚni]

n.

旅行; 行程

vi.

旅行

journey ***

1. journey journeys
When you make a journey , you travel from one place to another.

- There is an express service from Paris which completes the journey to Bordeaux in under 4 hours.

N-COUNT: oft supp N, N prep

2. journey journeys
You can refer to a person's experience of changing or developing from one state of mind to another as a journey .

- How do we go about embarking on this `inner journey' to understand ourselves?.

- My films try to describe a journey of discovery, both for myself and the watcher.

N-COUNT: with supp

3. journey journeys journeying journeyed
If you journey somewhere, you travel there. (FORMAL)

- In February 1935, Naomi journeyed to the United States for the first time.

- She has journeyed on horseback through Africa and Turkey.

VB
= travel

journey

noun

1.

trip

excursion

expedition

odyssey

pilgrimage

tour

trek

voyage

verb

2.

travel

go

proceed

roam

rove

tour

traverse

trek

voyage

wander

journeyman

[D.J.:ˈdʒə:nimən]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɚnimən]

n.

学徒期满的职工,熟练工人

journeyman

1. journeyman journeymen
In former times, a journeyman was a worker who had finished learning a trade and who was employed by someone rather than working on his or her own.
N-COUNT

2. journeyman journeymen
If you refer to someone as a journeyman , you mean that they have the basic skill which their job requires, but are not very talented or original. (JOURNALISM)

- Douglas was a 29-year-old journeyman fighter, erratic in his previous fights.

N-COUNT: oft N n

joust

[D.J.:dʒaʊst, dʒʌst, dʒu:st]

[K.K.:dʒaʊst, dʒʌst, dʒust]

n.

(骑士)骑着马用长矛打斗

格斗，竞争

vi.

(骑士)骑马用长矛比武

jouster

n.

joust

1. joust jousts jousting jousted
When two or more people or organizations joust , they compete to see who is better. (LITERARY)

- ...lawyers joust in the courtroom...

- The oil company jousts with Esso for lead position in UK sales.

V-RECIP
= spar

2. joust jousts
Also a noun.

- There were notable jousts with the Secretary of Commerce.

N-COUNT

3. joust jousts jousting jousted
In medieval times, when two knights on horseback jousted , they fought against each other using long spears called lances.

- Knights joust and frolic.

V-RECIP

4. jousting

- ...medieval jousting tournaments.

N-UNCOUNT

jovial

[D.J.:ˈdʒəʊvi:əl]

[K.K.:ˈdʒoviəl]

adj.

快乐的,好交际的,善良快活的

joviality

n.

jovially

adv.

joviality

[ˌdʒəuviˈæliti]

n.

快活

jovially

adv.

愉快地,高兴地

jovial

1. jovial
If you describe a person as jovial , you mean that they are happy and behave in a cheerful way. (WRITTEN)

- Father Whittaker appeared to be in a jovial mood.

- Grandma was plump and jovial.

ADJ-GRADED

2. joviality

- ...his old expansive joviality.

N-UNCOUNT

3. jovially

- `No problem,' he said jovially.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

jovial

adjective

cheerful

animated

cheery

convivial

happy

jolly

merry

mirthful

jowl

[D.J.:dʒaul]

[K.K.:dʒaʊl]

n.

颌,颚骨,面颊

jowl

1. jowl jowls
You can refer to someone's lower cheeks as their jowls , especially when they hang down towards their jaw. (LITERARY)
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. jowl
If you say that people or things are cheek by jowl with each other, you are indicating that they are very close to each other.

- She and her family have to live cheek by jowl with these people.

PHR: usu v PHR, v-link PHR, PHR n, oft PHR with n

jowly

[D.J.:ˈdʒauli]

[K.K.:ˈdʒaʊli]

adj.

下颚宽厚的,有双下巴的

jowly

jowly
Someone who is jowly has fat cheeks which hang down towards their jaw.

- The man was jowly, unshaven, balding.

ADJ-GRADED

joy

[D.J.:dʒɔi]

[K.K.:dʒɔɪ]

n.

欢乐, 高兴

乐事, 乐趣

vi.

因…而高兴

joy ***

1. joy
Joy is a feeling of great happiness.

- Salter shouted with joy.

- ...tears of joy.

N-UNCOUNT

2. joy joys
A joy is something or someone that makes you feel happy or gives you great pleasure.

- One can never learn all there is to know about cooking, and that is one of the joys of being a chef.

- It was a joy to see her looking so well.

N-COUNT: with supp
= delight

3. joy
If you get no joy , you do not have success or luck in achieving what you are trying to do. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- They expect no joy from the vote itself.

- If you don't get any joy, get in touch with your local councillor.

N-UNCOUNT: with brd-neg

4. joy
If you say that someone is jumping for joy , you mean that they are very pleased or happy about something.

- He jumped for joy on being told the news.

PHR: V inflects
one's pride and joy : see pride .

joy

noun

delight

bliss

ecstasy

elation

gaiety

glee

pleasure

rapture

satisfaction

joyful

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔɪfəl]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɔɪfəl]

adj.

快乐的, 高兴的

joyfully

[D.J.:ˈd ʒ ɔɪfəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈd ʒ ɔɪfəlɪ]

adv.

喜悦地;高兴地

令人高兴地

joyful *

1. joyful
Something that is joyful causes happiness and pleasure. (FORMAL)

- Giving birth to a child is both painful and joyful.

- A wedding is a joyful celebration of love.

ADJ-GRADED

2. joyful
Someone who is joyful is extremely happy. (FORMAL)

- We're a very joyful people; we're very musical people and we love music.

ADJ-GRADED

3. joyfully

- They greeted him joyfully.

ADV-GRADED

joyful

adjective

delighted

elated

enraptured

glad

gratified

happy

jubilant

merry

pleased

joyless

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔilis]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɔɪlɪs]

adj.

不高兴的,不快乐的

joyless

joyless
Something that is joyless produces no happiness or pleasure. (FORMAL)

- His work load, meanwhile, had become so enormous that life seemed joyless.

- Eating in East Berlin used to be a hazardous and joyless experience.

ADJ-GRADED
= miserable ≠ joyous

joyless

adjective

unhappy

cheerless

depressed

dismal

dreary

gloomy

miserable

sad

joyous

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔɪəs]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɔɪəs]

adj.

快乐的,使人喜悦的

joyously

adv.

快乐地,使人喜悦地

joyousness

n.

快乐,使人喜悦

joyously

[D.J.:ˈd ʒ ɔ:ɪəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈd ʒ ɔɪəslɪ]

adv.

快乐地,高兴地

joyousness

快乐,高兴

joyous *

1. joyous
Joyous means extremely happy. (LITERARY)

- She had made their childhood so joyous and carefree.

- ...a joyous celebration of life.

ADJ-GRADED
= joyful ≠ joyless

2. joyously

- Sarah accepted joyously.

ADV-GRADED

joyous

adjective

joyful

festive

merry

rapturous

joyride

[ˈdʒɔiraid]

n.

驾车游玩,兜风

joyride

joyride joyrides
If someone goes on a joyride , they steal a car and drive around in it at high speed.
N-COUNT also joy ride .

joyrider

[ˈdʒɔiˌraidə]

n.

驾车兜风的人

joyrider *

joyrider joyriders
A joyrider is someone who steals cars in order to drive around in them at high speed.
N-COUNT also joy rider .

joyriding

joyriding
Joyriding is the crime of stealing a car and driving around in it at high speed.
N-UNCOUNT also joy riding .

joystick

[D.J.:ˈdʒɔiˌstik]

[K.K.:ˈdʒɔɪˌstɪk]

n.

操纵杆

joystick

1. joystick joysticks
In some computer games, the joystick is the lever which the player uses in order to control the direction of the things on the screen.
N-COUNT: usu sing

2. joystick joysticks
In an aircraft, the joystick is the lever which the pilot uses to control the direction and height of the aeroplane.
N-COUNT: usu sing

JP

abbr.

Justice of the Peace 地方执法官;治安官

JP

abbr.

Justice of the Peace 地方执法官；治安官

JP

JP JPs
A JP is a Justice of the Peace .
N-COUNT
= magistrate

Jr.

abbr.

=Journal

=Junior

Jr **

Jr
Jr is a written abbreviation for Junior . It is used after a man's name to distinguish him from an older member of his family with the same name.

- ...Harry Connick Jr.

(AM) Jr.
= Jnr

jubilant

[D.J.:ˈdʒu:bələnt]

[K.K.:ˈdʒubələnt]

adj.

兴高采烈的, 喜气洋洋的

jubilant *

jubilant
If you are jubilant , you feel extremely happy because of a success.

- Ferdinand was jubilant after making an impressive comeback from a month on the injured list.

- ...the jubilant crowds of Paris.

ADJ-GRADED
= ecstatic

jubilant

adjective

overjoyed

elated

enraptured

euphoric

exuberant

exultant

thrilled

triumphant

jubilation

[D.J.:ˌd ʒu:bɪlˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌd ʒub l..ˈeʃən]

n.

欢腾,欢庆;庆祝活动

jubilation

jubilation
Jubilation is a feeling of great happiness and pleasure, because of a success. (FORMAL)

- His resignation was greeted by jubilation on the streets of Sofia.

- ...cheers of jubilation.

N-UNCOUNT

jubilation

noun

joy

celebration

ecstasy

elation

excitement

exultation

festivity

triumph

jubilee

[D.J.:ˈdʒu:bəˌli:, ˌdʒu:bəˈli:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒubəˌli, ˌdʒubəˈli]

n.

周年纪念

jubilee *

jubilee jubilees
A jubilee is a special anniversary of an event, especially the 25th or 50th anniversary.

- ...Queen Victoria's jubilee.

N-COUNT
See also golden jubilee , silver jubilee .

jubilee

noun

celebration

festival

festivity

holiday

Judaic

[D.J.:dʒu(:)ˈdeiik]

[K.K.:dʒuˈdeɪk]

adj.

犹太的,犹太人的

Judaic

Judaic
Judaic means belonging or relating to Judaism. (FORMAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

Judaism

[D.J.:ˈdʒu:deiizəm]

[K.K.:ˈdʒudiˌɪzəm]

n.

犹太教

Judaism *

Judaism
Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. It is based on the Old Testament of the Bible and the Talmud.
N-UNCOUNT

Judas

[D.J.:ˈdʒu:dəs]

[K.K.:ˈdʒudəs]

n.

犹大,叛徒

Judas

Judas Judases
If you accuse someone of being a Judas , you are accusing them of being deceitful and betraying their friends or country.

- It was a pulsating session in which a member of the audience shouted `Judas' at Dylan for deserting his folk roots.

N-COUNT disapproval
= traitor

judder

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌdə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌdɚ]

n.

急剧的变化,颤抖

vi.

颤抖

judder

judder judders juddering juddered
If something judders , it shakes or vibrates violently. (BRIT)

- The lift started off, juddered, and went out of action.

- The car was juddering and vibrating as if it would explode.

VB

judge

[D.J.:dʒʌdʒ]

[K.K.:dʒʌdʒ]

n.

法官

裁判员, 评判员

鉴定人, 鉴赏家

vt. & vi.

审判; 评判; 断定

judge ****

1. judge
A judge is the person in a court of law who decides how the law should be applied, for example how criminals should be punished.

- The judge adjourned the hearing until next Tuesday.

- Judge Mr Justice Schiemann jailed him for life.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

2. judge judges
A judge is a person who decides who will be the winner of a competition.

- A panel of judges is now selecting the finalists.

N-COUNT

3. judge judges judging judged
If you judge something such as a competition, you decide who or what is the winner.

- Colin Mitchell will judge the entries each week.

- Entrants will be judged in two age categories: 5-10 years and 11-14 years.

- A grade B judge could only be allowed to judge alongside a qualified grade A judge.

VB

4. judging

- The judging was difficult as always.

N-UNCOUNT

5. judge judges judging judged
If you judge something or someone, you form an opinion about them after you have examined the evidence or thought carefully about them.

- It will take a few more years to judge the impact of these ideas.

- I am ready to judge any book on its merits.

- It's for other people to judge how much I have improved.

- The UN withdrew its relief personnel because it judged the situation too dangerous.

- I judged it to be one of the worst programmes ever screened.

- The doctor judged that the man's health had, up to the time of the wound, been good.

- This may or may not be judged as reasonable.

VB
= evaluate assess

6. judge judges judging judged
If you judge something, you guess its amount, size, or value or you guess what it is.

- It is important to judge the weight of your washing load correctly.

- I judged him to be about forty.

- Though the shoreline could be dimly seen, it was impossible to judge how far away it was.

- I would judge that my earnings as a teacher have, over the years, been considerably below those of Mr Foot.

VB
= estimate

7. judge judges
If someone is a good judge of something, they understand it and can make sensible decisions about it. If someone is a bad judge of something, they cannot do this.

- I'm a pretty good judge of character.

- It would appear that my sister is a poor judge of masculine charm.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n

8. judge
You use judging by , judging from , or to judge from to introduce the reasons why you believe or think something.

- Judging by the opinion polls, he seems to be succeeding.

- Judging from the way he laughed as he told it, it was meant to be humorous.

- To judge from his productivity, Mozart clearly enjoyed robust good health throughout his twenties.

PHR-PREP

9. judge
If you say that something is true as far as you can judge or so far as you can judge , you are assuming that it is true, although you do not know all the facts about it.

- They were typed records of his bets, going back a couple of years as far as I could judge.

- The book, so far as I can judge, is remarkably accurate.

PHR: PHR with cl

judge

noun

1.

referee

adjudicator

arbiter

arbitrator

moderator

umpire

2.

critic

arbiter

assessor

authority

connoisseur

expert

3.

magistrate

beak Brit. slang

justice

verb

4.

arbitrate

adjudicate

decide

mediate

referee

umpire

5.

consider

appraise

assess

esteem

estimate

evaluate

rate

value

judgment

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌdʒmənt]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌdʒmənt]

n.

判断

judgment ***

1. judgment judgments
A judgment is an opinion that you have or express after thinking carefully about something.

- In your judgment, what has changed over the past few years?.

- How can he form any judgement of the matter without the figures?.

- I don't really want to make any judgments on the decisions they made.

N-VAR (BRIT) also judgement

2. judgment
Judgment is the ability to make sensible guesses about a situation or sensible decisions about what to do.

- I respect his judgement and I'll follow any advice he gives me.

- He said that publication of the information was a serious error in judgment.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss (BRIT) also judgement

3. judgment judgments
A judgment is a decision made by a judge or by a court of law.

- The industry was awaiting a judgment from the European Court.

- The Court is expected to give its judgement within the next ten days.

N-VAR (BRIT) also judgement
= verdict ruling

4. judgment
If something is against your better judgment , you believe that it would be more sensible or better not to do it.

- Against my better judgement I agreed.

- She had become so fond of him, almost against her better judgement.

PHR: PHR with cl, PHR after v, v-link PHR (BRIT) also judgement

5. judgment
If you pass judgment on someone or something, you give your opinion about it, especially if you are making a criticism.

- It's not for me to pass judgement, it's a personal matter between the two of you.

- It's very hard to pass judgement on yourself.

PHR: V inflects (BRIT) also judgement

6. judgment
If you reserve judgment on something, you refuse to give an opinion about it until you know more about it.

- Doctors are reserving judgement on his ability to travel until later in the week.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR on n (BRIT) also judgement

7. judgment
To sit in judgment means to decide whether or not someone is guilty of doing something wrong.

- He argues very strongly that none of us has the right to sit in judgement.

PHR: V inflects (BRIT) also judgement

judgment

noun

1.

sense

acumen

discernment

discrimination

prudence

shrewdness

understanding

wisdom

2.

verdict

arbitration

decision

decree

finding

ruling

sentence

3.

opinion

appraisal

assessment

belief

diagnosis

estimate

finding

valuation

view

judgmental

[D.J.:dʒʌdʒˈmentl]

[K.K.:dʒʌdʒˈmɛntl]

adj.

审判的

judgmental

judgmental
If you say that someone is judgmental , you are critical of them because they form opinions of people and situations very quickly, when it would be better for them to wait until they know more about the person or situation.

- We tried not to seem critical or judgmental while giving advice that would protect him from ridicule.

- You should not be judgemental about people and their differing sexualities.

ADJ-GRADED (BRIT) also judgemental disapproval

judgment call

judgment call judgment calls
If you refer to a decision as a judgment call , you mean that there are no firm rules or principles that can help you make it, so you simply have to rely on your own judgement and instinct.

- Well, physicians make judgment calls every day.

N-COUNT (BRIT) also judgement call

judicial

[D.J.:dʒu:ˈdiʃəl]

[K.K.:dʒuˈdɪʃəl]

adj.

司法的, 法庭的, 审判的

明断的, 公正的

judicially

adv.

依法判决地,公平地

judicial **

1. judicial
Judicial means relating to the legal system and to judgements made in a court of law.

- ...an independent judicial inquiry...

- The last judicial hanging in Britain was in l964.

- ...judicial decisions.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. judicially

- Even if the amendment is passed it can be defeated judicially.

ADV: ADV with v

judicial

adjective

legal

official

judiciary

[D.J.:dʒu:ˈdɪʃi:ˌeri:, -ˈdɪʃəri:]

[K.K.:dʒuˈdɪʃiˌɛri, -ˈdɪʃəri]

n.

(总称)法官,审判官

adj.

法院的; 审判员的; 司法的

judiciary **

judiciary
The judiciary is the branch of authority in a country which is concerned with law and the legal system. (FORMAL)

- The judiciary must think very hard before jailing non-violent offenders.

N-SING: the N

judicious

[D.J.:dʒu:ˈdɪʃəs]

[K.K.:dʒuˈdɪʃəs]

adj.

明智的;明断的

judiciously

[D.J.:d ʒu:ˈdɪʃəslɪ]

[K.K.:d ʒuˈdɪʃəslɪ]

adv.

明断地;明智而审慎地

judicious *

1. judicious
If you describe an action or decision as judicious , you approve of it because you think that it shows good judgement and sense. (FORMAL)

- The President authorizes the judicious use of military force to protect our citizens.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= wise

2. judiciously

- Modern fertilisers should be used judiciously.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

judicious

adjective

sensible

astute

careful

discriminating

enlightened

prudent

shrewd

thoughtful

well-judged

wise

judo

[D.J.:ˈdʒu:dəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈdʒudo]

n.

<日>柔道

judo *

judo
Judo is a sport in which two people fight and try to throw each other to the ground.
N-UNCOUNT

jug

[dʒʌɡ]

n.

(有柄及小口的)水壶

jug *

1. jug jugs
A jug is a cylindrical container with a handle and is used for holding and pouring liquids.
N-COUNT
= pitcher

2. jug jugs
A jug of liquid is the amount that the jug contains.

- ...a jug of water.

N-COUNT
= jugful

jug

noun

container

carafe

crock

ewer

jar

pitcher

urn

vessel

juggernaut

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌgəˌnɔ:t]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌɡɚˌnɔt]

n.

重型卡车

巨大的力量〔物体〕

juggernaut

1. juggernaut juggernauts
A juggernaut is a very large truck. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. juggernaut juggernauts
If you describe an organization or group as a juggernaut , you are critical of them because they are large and extremely powerful, and you think they are not being controlled properly.

- The group became a sales juggernaut in the commodity options business.

N-COUNT disapproval

juggle

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌɡl]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌɡəl]

vt.

耍弄

歪曲, 颠倒

juggling

[ˈdʒʌɡliŋ]

v.

欺骗,杂耍

adj.

欺骗的,欺诈的,变戏法(似)的

juggle *

1. juggle juggles juggling juggled
If you juggle lots of different things, for example your work and your family, you try to give enough time or attention to all of them.

- The management team meets several times a week to juggle budgets and resources.

- Mike juggled the demands of a family of 11 with a career as a TV reporter.

VB

2. juggle juggles juggling juggled
If you juggle , you entertain people by throwing things into the air, catching each one and throwing it up again so that there are several of them in the air at the same time.

- Soon she was juggling five eggs.

- I can't juggle.

VB

3. juggling

- He can perform an astonishing variety of acts, including mime and juggling.

N-UNCOUNT

juggle

verb

manipulate

alter

change

manoeuvre

modify

juggler

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌglə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌɡlɚ]

n.

玩杂耍的人

jugglery

n.

杂耍;把戏

jugglery

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌɡləri]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌɡləri]

n.

戏法,杂耍,魔术

juggler

juggler jugglers
A juggler is someone who juggles in order to entertain people.
N-COUNT

juggling act

juggling act juggling acts
If you say that a situation is a juggling act , you mean that someone is trying to do two or more things at once, and that they are finding it difficult to do those things properly.

- Beth was doing precisely the tricky juggling act that a lot of women do. She was trying to be wife, mother, and employee, and feeling desperately tired and inadequate.

N-COUNT

jugular

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌɡjulə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌɡjəlɚ]

adj.

喉的,颈的,颈静脉的

n.

颈静脉

jugular

1. jugular jugulars
A jugular or jugular vein is one of the three important veins in your neck that carry blood from your head back to your heart.
N-COUNT

2. jugular
If you say that someone went for the jugular , you mean that they strongly attacked another person's weakest points in order to harm them. (INFORMAL)

- A look of disbelief crossed her face when Mr Black went for the jugular, asking intimate sexual questions.

PHR: V inflects

juice

[D.J.:dʒu:s]

[K.K.:dʒus]

n.

汁, 液

juice ***

1. juice juices
Juice is the liquid that can be obtained from a fruit.

- ...fresh orange juice...

- Soak the couscous overnight in the juice of about six lemons.

N-MASS: usu with supp

2. juice juices
The juices of a piece of meat are the liquid that comes out of it when you cook it.

- When cooked, drain off the juices and put the meat in a processor or mincer.

N-PLURAL

3. juice juices
The juices in your stomach are the fluids that help you to digest food.
N-PLURAL: with supp

juice

noun

liquid

extract

fluid

liquor

nectar

sap

juicily

[ˈdʒu:sili]

adv.

多汁地

juicy

[D.J.:ˈdʒu:si:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒusi]

adj.

多汁的

(提供丑闻等消息而)有趣的,富于刺激性的

juicily

adv.

多汁地;有趣地

juiciness

n.

多汁;有趣

juicy *

1. juicy juicier juiciest
If food is juicy , it has a lot of juice in it and is very enjoyable to eat.

- ...a thick, juicy steak.

ADJ-GRADED

2. juicy juicier juiciest
Juicy gossip or stories contain details about people's lives, especially details which are normally kept private. (INFORMAL)

- It provided some juicy gossip for a few days.

- ...the juicy details.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

juicy

adjective

1.

moist

lush

succulent

2.

interesting

colourful

provocative

racy

risqu´e

sensational

spicy informal

suggestive

vivid

jukebox

[D.J.:ˈdʒu:kbɔks]

[K.K.:ˈdʒukˌbɑks]

n.

自动唱片点唱机

jukebox

jukebox jukeboxes
A jukebox is a machine that plays records or CDs in a place such as a pub or bar. You put money in and choose the song you want to hear.

- My favorite song is on the jukebox.

N-COUNT also juke-box

Jul

n.

七月

Jul.

七月

Jul. **

Jul.
Jul. is a written abbreviation for July .

- `Eat before Jul 14' was stamped on the label.

July

[D.J.:dʒu:ˈlai]

[K.K.:dʒʊˈlaɪ]

n.

七月

July *****

July Julys
July is the seventh month of the year in the Western calendar.

- In late July 1914, he and Violet spent a few days with friends near Berwick-upon-Tweed.

- I expect you to report for work on July the twenty-eighth.

N-VAR

jumble

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌmbəl]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌmbəl]

vt. & vi.

混杂, (使)混乱

jumble sth up/together

使混乱；使杂乱

jumbled

adj.

混乱的,乱七八糟的

jumble *

1. jumble jumbles
A jumble of things is a lot of different things that are all mixed together in a disorganized or confused way.

- The shoreline was made up of a jumble of huge boulders.

- ...a meaningless jumble of words.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n
= muddle

2. jumble jumbles jumbling jumbled
If you jumble things, they become mixed together so that they are untidy or are not in the correct order.

- He's making a new film by jumbling together bits of his other movies.

- ...a number of animals whose remains were jumbled together by scavengers and floods...

- His thoughts jumbled and raced like children fighting.

V-ERG
= mix

3. jumble up; jumbles up; jumbling up; jumbled up
To jumble up means the same as to jumble .

- They had jumbled it all up into a heap.

- The bank scrambles all that money together, jumbles it all up and lends it out to hundreds and thousands of borrowers.

- The watch parts fell apart and jumbled up.

- There were six wires jumbled up, tied together, all painted black.

PHR-V-ERG

4. jumble
Jumble is old or unwanted things that people give away to charity. (BRIT; in AM use rummage )

- She expects me to drive round collecting jumble for the church.

N-UNCOUNT

jumbled

jumbled
If you describe things or ideas as jumbled , you mean that they are mixed up and not in order.

- These jumbled priorities should be no cause for surprise.

- The Judaeo-Christian tradition is diverse, jumbled, contradictory, at every point inviting inquiry and debate.

ADJ-GRADED
= muddled

jumble

noun

1.

muddle

clutter

confusion

disarray

disorder

mess

mishmash

mixture

verb

2.

mix

confuse

disorder

disorganize

mistake

muddle

shuffle

jumble sale

jumble sale jumble sales
A jumble sale is a sale of cheap second-hand goods, usually held to raise money for charity. (BRIT; in AM use rummage sale )

- We are having a jumble sale at our school.

N-COUNT

jumbo

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌmbəu]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌmbo]

adj.

庞大的; 巨大的

jumbo *

1. jumbo
Jumbo means very large; used mainly in advertising and in the names of products.

- ...a jumbo box of tissues.

- ...grilled jumbo prawns.

ADJ: ADJ n
= giant

2. jumbo jumbos
A jumbo or a jumbo jet is a very large jet aircraft that can carry several hundred passengers.

- ...a British Airways jumbo.

N-COUNT

jumbo

adjective

giant

gigantic

huge

immense

large

oversized

jump

[D.J.:dʒʌmp]

[K.K.:dʒʌmp]

vt. & vi.

跳, 跃

vi.

惊跳

暴涨

n.

跳, 跃

猛长, 激增

jumping

[ˈdʒʌmpiŋ]

adj.

用于跳跃的

jump ****

1. jump jumps jumping jumped
If you jump , you bend your knees, push against the ground with your feet, and move quickly upwards into the air.

- I jumped over the fence.

- They came into the front hall, stamping their boots and jumping up and down to knock the snow off.

- I'd jumped seventeen feet six in the long jump, which was a school record.

- Whoever heard of a basketball player who doesn't need to jump?

VB

2. jump jumps
Also a noun.

- The longest jumps by a man and a woman were witnessed in Sestriere, Italy, yesterday.

N-COUNT

3. jump jumps jumping jumped
If you jump from something above the ground, you deliberately push yourself into the air so that you drop towards the ground.

- He jumped out of a third-floor window.

- She has jumped from an aeroplane four times.

- I jumped the last six feet down to the deck.

VB
= leap

4. jump jumps jumping jumped
If you jump something such as a fence, you move quickly up and through the air over or across it.

- He jumped the first fence beautifully.

VB

5. jump jumps jumping jumped
If you jump somewhere, you move there quickly and suddenly.

- Adam jumped from his seat at the girl's cry.

- She jumped to her feet and ran downstairs.

- `I'll do it, Eleanor,' Angus said, jumping up.

VB

6. jump jumps jumping jumped
If something makes you jump , it makes you make a sudden movement because you are frightened or surprised.

- The phone shrilled, making her jump.

VB

7. jump jumps jumping jumped
If an amount or level jumps , it suddenly increases or rises by a large amount in a short time.

- Sales jumped from $94 million to over $101 million.

- The number of crimes jumped by ten per cent last year.

- Shares in Euro Disney jumped 17p.

VB

8. jump jumps
Also a noun.

- A big jump in energy conservation could be achieved without much disruption of anyone's standard of living.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N in n

9. jump jumps jumping jumped
If someone jumps a queue, they move to the front of it and are served or dealt with before it is their turn. (BRIT)

- The prince refused to jump the queue for treatment at the local hospital.

VB

10. jump jumps jumping jumped
If someone jumps on you or jumps you, they attack you suddenly. (INFORMAL)

- A week later, the same guys jumped on me on our own front lawn.

- Two guys jumped me with clubs in the carpark.

VB

11. jump jumps jumped
If you jump at an offer or opportunity, you accept it quickly and eagerly.

- Members of the public would jump at the chance to become part owners of the corporation.

VB: no cont

12. jump jumps jumping jumped
If someone jumps on you, they quickly criticize you if you do something that they do not approve of.

- A lot of people jumped on me about that, you know.

VB

13. jump
If you get a jump on something or someone or get the jump on them, you gain an advantage over them. (AM)

- Helicopters helped fire crews get a jump on the blaze.

- The idea is to get the jump on him.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

14. jump
If you say that someone is jumping up and down , you mean they are very excited, happy, or angry about something.

- I don't think a lot of people will jump up and down and say `thank heavens'.

- Everybody still jumps up and down about being rid of tyrants.

PHR: V inflects

jump

verb

1.

leap

bounce

bound

hop

hurdle

skip

spring

vault

2.

recoil

flinch

jerk

start

wince

3.

miss

avoid

evade

omit

skip

4.

increase

advance

ascend

escalate

rise

surge

noun

5.

leap

bound

hop

skip

spring

vault

6.

interruption

break

gap

hiatus

lacuna

space

7.

rise

advance

increase

increment

upsurge

upturn

jump in ****

jump in jumps in; jumping in; jumped in
If you jump in , you act quickly, often without thinking much about what you are doing.

- The Government had to jump in and purchase millions of dollars worth of supplies.

PHR-V

jump out ****

jump out jumps out; jumping out; jumped out
If you say that something jumps out at you, you mean that it is easy to notice it because it is different from other things of its type.

- A phrase jumped out at me in a piece about copyright.

PHR-V

jumped-up

[ˈdʒʌmptʌp]

adj.

暴发的,高生的

jumped-up *

jumped-up
If you describe someone as jumped-up , you disapprove of them because they consider themselves to be more important than they really are. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He's nothing better than a jumped-up bank clerk!

ADJ: usu ADJ n disapproval

jumped-up

adjective

conceited

arrogant

insolent

overbearing

pompous

presumptuous

jumper

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌmpə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌmpɚ]

n.

无袖套衫

跳跃者;跳跃的马

jumper **

1. jumper jumpers
A jumper is a warm knitted piece of clothing which covers the upper part of your body and your arms. (BRIT; in AM use sweater )

- With her simple jumper and skirt, Isabel looked like a young girl again.

N-COUNT
= sweater pullover

2. jumper jumpers
A jumper is a sleeveless dress that is worn over a blouse or sweater. (AM; in BRIT use pinafore )

- She wore a checkered jumper and had ribbons in her hair.

N-COUNT

3. jumper jumpers
If you refer to a person or a horse as a particular kind of jumper , you are describing how good they are at jumping or the way that they jump.

- He is a terrific athlete and a brilliant jumper.

- Horses are not natural jumpers.

N-COUNT: usu adj N

4. jumper jumpers
A particular kind of jumper is an athlete who takes part in a particular jumping event.

- Packer began her career as a long jumper.

N-COUNT: supp N

jumper

noun

sweater

jersey

pullover

woolly

jumper cables

jumper cables.
Jumper cables are the same as jump leads . (AM)
N-PLURAL

jumping-off point

jumping-off point
A jumping-off point or a jumping-off place is a place, situation, or occasion which you use as the starting point for something.

- Lectoure is a bustling market town and the best jumping-off point for a first visit to Le Gers.

N-SING
= springboard

jump jet

jump jet jump jets
A jump jet is a jet aircraft that can take off and land vertically.
N-COUNT

jump jockey

jump jockey jump jockeys
A jump jockey is someone who rides horses in races such as steeplechases, where the horses have to jump over obstacles.
N-COUNT

jump leads

jump leads
Jump leads are two thick wires that can be used to start a car when its battery does not have enough power. The jump leads are used to connect the battery to the battery of another car that is working properly. (BRIT; in AM use jumper cables )
N-PLURAL

jump rope

jump rope jump ropes
A jump rope is a piece of rope, usually with handles at each end. You exercise with it by turning it round and round and jumping over it. (AM; in BRIT use skipping rope )
N-COUNT

jump start

1. jump start jump starts jump starting jump started
To jump start a vehicle which has a flat battery means to make the engine start by getting power from the battery of another vehicle, using special cables called jump leads .

- He was huddled with John trying to jump start his car.

VB

2. jump start jump starts
Also a noun.

- I drove out to give him a jump start because his battery was dead.

N-COUNT

3. jump start jump starts jump starting jump started
To jump start a system or process that has stopped working or progressing means to do something that will make it start working quickly or effectively.

- The EU is trying to jump start the peace process.

VB

4. jump start jump starts
Also a noun.

- ...attempts to give the industry a jump start.

N-COUNT: usu singular

jumpsuit

jumpsuit jumpsuits
A jumpsuit is a piece of clothing in the form of a top and trousers in one continuous piece.

- I was wearing a purple jumpsuit, high heeled shoes, and lots of makeup.

N-COUNT

jumpily

adv.

跳跃地,易变动地

jumpiness

n.

跳动,易变

jumpy

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌmpi:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌmpi]

adj.

心惊肉跳的

易于激动或受惊吓的

jumpily

adv.

jumpiness

n.

jumpy

jumpy
If you are jumpy , you are nervous or worried about something. (INFORMAL)

- I told myself not to be so jumpy.

- When he spoke his voice was jumpy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= jittery edgy on edge

jumpy

adjective

nervous

agitated

anxious

apprehensive

fidgety

jittery informal

on edge

restless

tense

Jun

[dʒʌn]

n.

六月

Jun.

abbr.

June 6月

Junior 初级的

Jun.

abbr.

June 6月

Junior 初级的

Jun. **

Jun.
Jun. is a written abbreviation for June .

- ...Wed 21 Jun.

junction

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌnkʃən]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌŋkʃən]

n.

联结点, 会合点, 枢纽

junction **

junction junctions
A junction is a place where roads or railway lines join. In American English, the more usual word is intersection , especially when referring to roads.

- Follow the road to a junction and turn left.

- Leave the M1 at junction 25.

- There's a good British Rail link at Clapham Junction.

N-COUNT: oft in names

junction

noun

connection

coupling

linking

union

juncture

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌŋktʃə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌŋktʃɚ]

n.

时刻,关键时刻

接合点

juncture

juncture junctures
At a particular juncture means at a particular point in time, especially when it is a very important time in a process or series of events.

- What's important at this juncture is the ability of the three republics to work together.

- We're at a critical juncture in terms of his domestic program.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, usu at N

juncture

noun

moment

occasion

point

time

June

[D.J.:dʒu:n]

[K.K.:dʒun]

n.

六月

June *****

June Junes
June is the sixth month of the year in the Western calendar.

- He spent two and a half weeks with us in June 1986.

- I am moving out on June 5.

- Last June I decided to take a trip to Marbella.

N-VAR

jungle

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌŋɡl]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌŋɡəl]

n.

(热带)丛林, 密林

乱七八糟的一堆事物

jungle **

1. jungle jungles
A jungle is a forest in a tropical country where large numbers of tall trees and plants grow very close together.

- ...the mountains and jungles of Papua New Guinea...

- The seventy square miles of the mountain area were covered entirely in dense jungle.

- ...a remote jungle area.

N-VAR

2. jungle
If you describe a place as a jungle , you are emphasizing that it is full of lots of things and very untidy.

- ...a jungle of stuffed sofas, stuffed birds, knick-knacks, potted plants.

N-SING: with supp emphasis

3. jungle
If you describe a situation as a jungle , you dislike it because it is complicated and difficult to get what you want from it.

- Social security law and procedure remain a jungle of complex rules.

- ...the examination jungle.

N-SING: with supp disapproval

4. jungle
If you refer to the law of the jungle , you are referring to a situation in which there are no laws or rules to govern the way that people behave and people use force to get what they want.

- If you make aggression pay, this becomes the law of the jungle.

- The law of the jungle demands: kill or be killed.

PHR disapproval

5. jungle
Jungle is a style of dance music with a fast drum beat.
N-UNCOUNT

junior

[D.J.:ˈdʒu:njə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒunjɚ]

adj.

年少的, 较年幼的

资历较浅的, 地位较低的

n.

年少者

地位较低者, 晚辈

(美国中学或大学的)三年级学生

junior ***

1. junior
A junior official or employee holds a low-ranking position in an organization or profession.

- Junior and middle-ranking civil servants have pledged to join the indefinite strike.

- ...a junior minister attached to the prime minister's office.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= senior

2. junior juniors
Also a noun.

- The Lord Chancellor has said legal aid work is for juniors when they start out in the law.

N-COUNT

3. junior
If you are someone's junior , you are younger than they are.

- She now lives with actor Denis Lawson, 10 years her junior.

N-SING: poss N

4. junior
Junior is sometimes used after the name of the younger of two men in a family who have the same name, sometimes in order to prevent confusion. The abbreviation Jr. is also used. (AM)

- His son, Arthur Ochs Junior, is expected to succeed him as publisher.

N-IN-NAMES

5. junior juniors
In the United States, a student in the third year of a high school or university course is called a junior .

- Their youngest daughter Amy's a junior at the University of Evansville in Indiana.

- It was the summer before his junior year in high school.

N-COUNT

junior

adjective

minor

inferior

lesser

lower

secondary

subordinate

younger

junior high

junior high junior highs
In the United States, junior high is the school that young people attend between the ages of 11 or 12 and 14 or 15.

- ...Benjamin Franklin Junior High.

- ...He dropped out of Junior High School.

N-COUNT: usu singular, oft N n

junior school

junior school junior schools
In England and Wales, a junior school is a school for children between the ages of about seven and eleven.

- ...Middleton Road Junior School.

N-VAR: oft in names after n

juniper

[D.J.:ˈdʒu:nipə]

[K.K.:ˈdʒunəpɚ]

n.

刺柏属丛木或树木

juniper *

juniper junipers
A juniper is an evergreen bush with purple berries which can be used in cooking and medicine.
N-VAR

junk

[D.J.:dʒʌŋk]

[K.K.:dʒʌŋk]

n.

废旧物品, 破烂物

vt.

丢弃, 废弃

junking

[ˈdʒʌŋkiŋ]

n.

〈美〉〈非正〉报废

junk **

1. junk
Junk is old and used goods that have little value and that you do not want any more.

- Rose finds her furniture in junk shops.

- What are you going to do with all that junk, Larry?

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. junk junks junking junked
If you junk something, you get rid of it or stop using it. (INFORMAL)

- Consumers will not have to junk their old cassettes to use the new format.

- The Socialists junked dogma when they came to office in 1982.

VB
= ditch jettison

3. junk junks
A junk is a Chinese sailing boat that has a flat bottom and square sails.
N-COUNT

junk

noun

rubbish

clutter

debris

litter

odds and ends

refuse

scrap

trash

waste

junk bond **

junk bond junk bonds
If a company issues junk bonds , it borrows money from investors, usually at a high rate of interest, in order to finance a particular deal, for example the setting up or the taking over of another company.
N-COUNT: usu pl

junket

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌŋkɪt]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌŋkɪt]

n.

<非正>公费旅游

(旧时流行的)乳冻甜食,凝乳甜食

vt.

以游宴款待

junket

junket junkets
If you describe a trip or visit by an official or businessman as a junket , you disapprove of it because it is expensive, unnecessary, and often has been paid for with public money. (INFORMAL)

- He took frequent junkets with friends to exotic locales.

N-COUNT disapproval

junk food

junk food junk foods
If you refer to food as junk food , you mean that it is quick and easy to prepare but is not good for your health.
N-MASS

junkie

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌŋki]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌŋki]

n.

吸海洛因的成瘾者

junkie *

1. junkie junkies
A junkie is a drug addict. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. junkie junkies
You can use junkie to refer to someone who is very interested in a particular activity, especially when they spend a lot of time on it. (INFORMAL)

- ...a computer junkie.

N-COUNT: n N

junk mail

junk mail
Junk mail is advertisements and publicity materials that you receive through the post which you have not asked for and which you do not want.
N-UNCOUNT

junkyard

[D.J.:ˈd ʒ ʌ ŋkˌj ɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈd ʒ ʌ ŋkˌj ɑrd]

n.

<美>废物堆积场

junkyard

junkyard junkyards
A junkyard is the same as a scrapyard .
N-COUNT

junta

[D.J.:ˈhʊntə, ˈdʒʌn-]

[K.K.:ˈhʊntə, ˈdʒʌn-]

n.

以武力政变上台的军阀

junta *

junta juntas
A junta is a military government that has taken power by force, and not through elections.
N-COUNT-COLL

jurisdiction

[D.J.:ˌdʒuərisˈdikʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən]

n.

司法权; 裁判权

jurisdiction *

1. jurisdiction
Jurisdiction is the power that a court of law or an official has to carry out legal judgments or to enforce laws. (FORMAL)

- The British police have no jurisdiction over foreign bank accounts.

N-UNCOUNT
= authority

2. jurisdiction jurisdictions
A jurisdiction is a state or other area in which a particular court and system of laws has authority. (LEGAL)
N-COUNT

jurisdiction

noun

1.

authority

command

control

influence

power

rule

2.

range

area

bounds

compass

field

province

scope

sphere

jurisprudence

[D.J.:ˌdʒʊərɪsˈpru:dns]

[K.K.:ˌdʒʊrɪsˈprudn..s]

n.

法学;法理学

jurisprudence

jurisprudence
Jurisprudence is the study of law and the principles on which laws are based. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

jurist

[D.J.:ˈdʒuərist]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʊrɪst]

n.

法理学家

jurist

jurist jurists
A jurist is a person who is an expert on law. (FORMAL)

- Patrick Devlin was an outstanding judge and brilliant jurist.

N-COUNT

juror

[D.J.:ˈdʒʊərə, -ˌɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʊrɚ, -ˌɔr]

n.

陪审员

juror *

juror jurors
A juror is a member of a jury.
N-COUNT

jury

[D.J.:ˈdʒuəri]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʊri]

n.

陪审团

评判委员会

jury ***

1. jury juries
In a court of law, the jury is the group of people who have been chosen from the general public to listen to the facts about a crime and to decide whether the person accused is guilty or not.

- The jury convicted Mr Hampson of all offences.

- ...the tradition of trial by jury.

N-COUNT-COLL: also by N

2. jury juries
A jury is a group of people who choose the winner of a competition.

- I am not surprised that the Booker Prize jury included it on their shortlist.

N-COUNT-COLL
= panel

3. jury
If you say that the jury is out or that the jury is still out on a particular subject, you mean that people in general have still not made a decision or formed an opinion about that subject.

- The jury is out on whether or not this is true.

- The jury is still out on what kind of solutions we might undertake.

PHR: oft PHR on wh/n

just

[D.J.:dʒʌst]

[K.K.:dʒʌst]

adv.

正好, 恰好

只是, 仅仅

刚才, 方才

勉强地

只好

adj.

公道的; 公正的; 公平的

合理的, 有充分根据的

justly

[D.J.:ˈd ʒ ʌstlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈd ʒ ʌstlɪ]

adv.

公正地,公平地;正当地

应得地

恰当地;正确地

just 1 adverb uses *****

1. just
You use just to say that something happened a very short time ago, or is starting to happen at the present time. For example, if you say that someone has just arrived , you mean that they arrived a very short time ago.

- I've just bought a new house.

- The two had only just met.

- I just had the most awful dream.

- I'm only just beginning to take it in that he's still missing.

ADV: ADV before v

2. just
If you say that you are just doing something, you mean that you are doing it now and will finish it very soon. If you say that you are just about to do something, or just going to do it, you mean that you will do it very soon.

- I'm just making the sauce for the cauliflower.

- I'm just going to walk down the lane now and post some letters.

- The Vietnam War was just about to end.

ADV: ADV before v, ADV about/going to-inf

3. just
You can use just to emphasize that something is happening at exactly the moment of speaking or at exactly the moment that you are talking about.

- Randall would just now be getting the Sunday paper.

- Just then the phone rang.

- I remember now. He arrived just at the moment it happened.

- Just as she prepared to set off to the next village, two friends arrived in a taxi.

ADV: ADV adv/prep, ADV as/when cl emphasis

4. just
You use just to indicate that something is no more important, interesting, or difficult, for example, than you say it is, especially when you want to correct a wrong idea that someone may get or has already got.

- It's just a suggestion.

- It's not just a financial matter.

- You can tell just by looking at me that I am all right.

- The reason women are drinking is just because they like it.

ADV: ADV group/cl emphasis
= only simply

5. just
You use just to emphasize that you are talking about a small part, not the whole of an amount.

- That's just one example of the kind of experiments you can do.

- These are just a few of the many options available.

ADV: ADV n emphasis
= only merely

6. just
You use just to emphasize how small an amount is or how short a length of time is.

- Stephanie and David redecorated a room in just three days.

- Remember he's just fourteen years old.

ADV: ADV amount emphasis
= only

7. just
You can use just in front of a verb to indicate that the result of something is unfortunate or undesirable and is likely to make the situation worse rather than better.

- Leaving like I did just made it worse.

- They just hurt the people in their community, they didn't really solve any problem.

ADV: ADV before v
= only

8. just
You use just to indicate that what you are saying is the case, but only by a very small degree or amount.

- Her hand was just visible by the light from the sitting room.

- It was Colin's voice, only just audible.

- I arrived just in time for my flight to London.

- Jack took out his notes and talked for just under an hour.

- He could just reach the man's head with his right hand.

ADV: ADV adj/adv/prep, ADV before v
= barely

9. just
You use just with `might,' `may,' and `could', when you mean that there is a small chance of something happening, even though it is not very likely.

- It's an old trick but it just might work.

- It may just be possible.

ADV: ADV with modal

10. just
You use just to emphasize the following word or phrase, in order to express feelings such as annoyance, admiration, or certainty.

- She just won't relax.

- I knew you'd be here. I just knew.

- Isn't it fantastic? Just look at that!.

- Just think, we should be home this time tomorrow.

- I don't see the point in it really. It's just stupid.

- Isn't he just the most beautiful thing you ever saw?

ADV: ADV before v, ADV adj/n emphasis
= simply

11. just
You use just with instructions, polite requests, or statements of intention, to make your request or statement seem less difficult. (SPOKEN)

- Could you just give us a description of your cat?.

- Can you just lift the table for a second?.

- I'm just going to ask you a bit more about your father's business.

- Just add water, milk and butter.

- I'd just like to mention that, personally, I don't think it's wise.

- Just wait for me in the lounge.

ADV: ADV before v

12. just
You use just in expressions such as just a minute and just a moment to ask someone to wait for a short time. (SPOKEN)

- `Let me in, Di.' --- `Okay. Just a minute.'

ADV: ADV n
= hold on

13. just
You can use just in expressions such as just a minute and just a moment to interrupt someone, for example in order to disagree with them, explain something, or calm them down. (SPOKEN)

- Well, now just a second, I don't altogether agree with the premise.

ADV: ADV n

14. just
You can use just with negative question tags, for example ` isn't he just? ' and ` don't they just! ', to say that you agree completely with what has been said. (BRIT, SPOKEN)

- `That's crazy,' I said. `Isn't it just?' he said.

- `The manager's going to have some tough decisions to make.' --- `Won't he just.'

ADV: with neg, cl ADV emphasis

15. just
If you say that you can just see or hear something, you mean that it is easy for you to imagine seeing or hearing it.

- I can just see the nasty suspicious looks I'd be getting from you if we started whispering together.

- I can just hear her telling her friends, `Well, I blame his mother!'

ADV: ADV before v
= almost

16. just
You use just to mean exactly, when you are specifying something precisely or asking for precise information.

- It is really not clear just why he became a Socialist.

- There are no statistics about just how many people won't vote.

- My arm hurts too, just here.

- That's Warwick Road, just opposite Earls Court tube station.

ADV: ADV cl/prep/adv
= exactly

17. just
You use just to emphasize that a particular thing is exactly what is needed or fits a particular description exactly.

- Kiwi fruit are just the thing for a healthy snack.

- `Let's get a coffee somewhere.' --- `I know just the place.'

- ...the bottle of whiskey that we had stashed behind the bookcase for just this eventuality.

ADV: ADV n emphasis
= exactly

18. just
You use just in expressions such as just like , just as...as , and just the same when you are emphasizing the similarity between two things or two people.

- Behind the facade they are just like the rest of us.

- He worked just as hard as anyone.

- At 62 years old, her voice sounded just the same as it did when she was 21.

ADV: ADV like n, ADV as adj/adv, ADV n emphasis

19. just
You use just about to indicate that what you are talking about is so close to being the case that it can be regarded as being the case.

- There are those who believe that Nick Price is just about the best golfer in the world.

- What does she read? Just about everything.

- `His memory must be completely back, then?' --- `Just about.'

PHR: PHR n/adj/adv
= practically

20. just
You use just about to indicate that what you are talking about is in fact the case, but only by a very small degree or amount.

- I can just about tolerate it at the moment.

- We've got just about enough time to get there.

PHR: PHR before v, PHR n/adj
= only just

21. just
Just on is used in mentioning an almost exact number or amount. (BRIT)

- Eve, squinting at the clock, saw it was just on 7 a.m.

- Many were retired people, and just on a fifth were in their fifties.

PHR: PHR amount

22. just
Just so is used to agree with or confirm a statement that has been made. (BRIT, SPOKEN, OLD-FASHIONED)

- `She has a large flat in Mayfair.' --- `Just so.'

CONVENTION
= quite exactly

23. just
If things are just so , they are done or arranged exactly as they should be or exactly as someone wants them.

- I do her hair, and it has to be just so.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

24. just
You use the expression it's just that when you are making a complaint, suggestion, or excuse, so that the person you are talking to will not get annoyed with you.

- I'm sorry I struck you. I didn't mean to. It's just that I was so mad.

- Your hair is all right; it's just that you need a haircut.

PHR: PHR cl

just 2 adjective use *

1. just
If you describe a situation, action, or idea as just , you mean that it is right or acceptable according to particular moral principles, such as respect for all human beings. (FORMAL)

- In a just society there must be a system whereby people can seek redress through the courts.

- She fought honestly for a just cause and for freedom.

- Was Pollard's life sentence just or was it too severe?

ADJ-GRADED
= fair ≠ unjust

2. justly

- They were not treated justly in the past.

- No government can justly claim authority unless it is based on the will of the people.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= fairly ≠ unjustly

justly

justly
You use justly to show that you approve of someone's attitude towards something, because it seems to be based on truth or reality.

- Australians are justly proud of their native wildlife.

ADV: usu ADV adj, also ADV with v approval
= justifiably

See also just .

just

adverb

1.

exactly

absolutely

completely

entirely

perfectly

precisely

2.

recently

hardly

lately

only now

scarcely

3.

merely

by the skin of one's teeth

only

simply

solely

adjective

4.

fair

conscientious

equitable

fair-minded

good

honest

upright

virtuous

5.

proper

appropriate

apt

deserved

due

fitting

justified

merited

rightful

justly

adverb

properly

correctly

equitably

fairly

lawfully

justice

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌstis]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌstɪs]

n.

正义; 公正, 合理

法律制裁; 司法; 审判

法官

justice ****

1. justice
Justice is fairness in the way that people are treated.

- He has a good overall sense of justice and fairness.

- He only wants freedom, justice and equality.

- There is no justice in this world!

N-UNCOUNT

2. justice
The justice of a cause, claim, or argument is its quality of being reasonable, fair, or right.

- We are a minority and must win people round to the justice of our cause.

N-UNCOUNT
= legitimacy

3. justice
Justice is the legal system that a country uses in order to deal with people who break the law.

- Many in Toronto's black community feel that the justice system does not treat them fairly.

- A lawyer is part of the machinery of justice.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

4. justice justices
A justice is a judge. (AM)

- Thomas will be sworn in today as a justice on the Supreme Court.

N-COUNT

5. justice
Justice is used before the names of judges.

- A preliminary hearing was due to start today before Mr Justice Hutchison, but was adjourned.

N-TITLE

6. justice
If a criminal is brought to justice , he or she is punished for a crime by being arrested and tried in a court of law.

- They demanded that those responsible be brought to justice.

- She'd need proof to bring Jason to justice.

PHR: V inflects

7. justice
To do justice to a person or thing means to reproduce them accurately and show how good they are.

- The photograph I had seen didn't do her justice.

- Most TV sets don't have the sound quality to do justice to the music.

PHR: V inflects

8. justice
If you do justice to someone or something, you deal with them properly and completely.

- No one article can ever do justice to the topic of fraud.

- It is impossible here to do justice to the complex history of the Legion.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to n

9. justice
If you do yourself justice , you do something as well as you are capable of doing it.

- I don't think he could do himself justice playing for England.

- I don't think I can win, but I want to do myself justice.

PHR: V inflects

10. justice
If you describe someone's treatment or punishment as rough justice , you mean that it is not given according to the law. (BRIT)

- Trial by television makes for very rough justice indeed.

PHR

11. justice
If you say that something is rough justice for someone, you mean that they have not been treated fairly. (BRIT)

- It would have been rough justice had he been deprived of this important third European win.

PHR: v-link PHR

justice

noun

1.

fairness

equity

honesty

integrity

law

legality

legitimacy

right

2.

judge

magistrate

Justice of the Peace

1. Justice of the Peace Justices of the Peace
In Britain, a Justice of the Peace is a person who is not a lawyer but who can act as a judge in a local criminal law court. The abbreviation JP is also used.
N-COUNT
= magistrate

2. Justice of the Peace Justices of the Peace
In some states in the United States, a Justice of the Peace is an official who can carry out some legal tasks, such as settling minor cases in court or performing marriages. The abbreviation JP is also used.
N-COUNT
= magistrate

justifiable

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌstəˌfaɪəbəl, ˌdʒʌstəˈfaɪ-]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌstəˌfaɪəbəl, ˌdʒʌstəˈfaɪ-]

adj.

可证明为正当的;有理由的

合法的

justifiable *

1. justifiable
An action, situation, emotion, or idea that is justifiable is acceptable or correct because there is a good reason for it.

- The violence of the revolutionary years was justifiable on the grounds of political necessity.

- ...the strong and justifiable desire of the Baltic States for independence.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
= legitimate

2. justifiably

- He was justifiably proud of his achievements.

ADV-GRADED

justifiable

adjective

reasonable

acceptable

defensible

excusable

legitimate

sensible

understandable

valid

warrantable

justification

[D.J.:ˌdʒʌstifiˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdʒʌstəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

正当的理由; 辩解的理由

justification **

justification justifications
A justification for something is an acceptable reason or explanation for it.

- To me the only justification for a zoo is educational.

- I knew from the beginning that there was no justification for what I was doing.

N-VAR
= defence excuse

justification

noun

1.

explanation

defence

excuse

rationalization

vindication

2.

reason

basis

grounds

warrant

justified

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌstəˌfaɪd]

adj.

有正当理由的，合理的

justify

[D.J.:ˈdʒʌstifai]

[K.K.:ˈdʒʌstəˌfaɪ]

vt.

证明…有理; 为…辩护

justified **

1. justified
If you describe a decision, action, or idea as justified , you think it is reasonable and acceptable.

- In my opinion, the decision was wholly justified.

ADJ-GRADED

2. justified
If you think that someone is justified in doing something, you think that their reasons for doing it are good and valid.

- He's absolutely justified in resigning. He was treated shamefully.

ADJ: v-link ADJ in -ing

justify ***

justify justifies justifying justified
To justify a decision, action, or idea means to show or prove that it is reasonable or necessary.

- No argument can justify a war.

- Ministers agreed that this decision was fully justified by economic conditions.

VB

justify

verb

explain

defend

exculpate

excuse

exonerate

support

uphold

vindicate

warrant

jut

[D.J.:dʒʌt]

vt. & vi.

(使)突出;伸出

jut out (from sth), jut out of sth

(从…)突出，高出，伸出

jut *

1. jut juts jutting jutted
If something juts out, it sticks out above or beyond a surface.

- The northern end of the island juts out like a long, thin finger into the sea.

- Tombstones jutted out of the ground in broken clusters.

- He had clear blue eyes and a jutting chin.

VB
= stick out

2. jut juts jutting jutted
If you jut a part of your body, especially your chin, or if it juts , you push it forward in an aggressive or determined way.

- His jaw jutted stubbornly forward; he would not be denied.

- Gwen jutted her chin forward, her nose in the air, and did not bother to answer the teacher.

- Ken's jaw jutted with determination.

V-ERG

jut

verb

stick out

bulge

extend

overhang

poke

project

protrude

jute

[D.J.:dʒu:t]

[K.K.:dʒut]

n.

黄麻纤维

黄麻

jute

jute
Jute is a substance that is used to make cloth and rope. It comes from a plant which grows mainly in South-East Asia.
N-UNCOUNT

juvenile

[D.J.:ˈdʒu:vinail]

[K.K.:ˈdʒuvəˌnaɪl, -nəl]

adj.

少年的

幼稚的, 年少无知的

n.

青少年

扮演少年角色的演员

juvenile **

1. juvenile juveniles
A juvenile is a child or young person who is not yet old enough to be regarded as an adult. (FORMAL)

- The number of juveniles in the general population has fallen by a fifth in the past 10 years.

N-COUNT

2. juvenile
Juvenile activity or behaviour involves young people who are not yet adults.

- Juvenile crime is increasing at a terrifying rate.

- ...a scheme to lock up persistent juvenile offenders.

ADJ: ADJ n
= childish

3. juvenile
If you describe someone's behaviour as juvenile , you are critical of it because you think that it is silly or childish.

- He's a typical male, as he gets older he becomes more juvenile.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= childish

4. juvenile juveniles
Young animals are sometimes referred to as juveniles .
N-COUNT

juvenile

adjective

1.

young

babyish

callow

childish

immature

inexperienced

infantile

puerile

youthful

noun

2.

child

adolescent

boy

girl

infant

minor

youth

juvenile court

juvenile court juvenile courts
A juvenile court is a court which deals with crimes committed by young people who are not yet old enough to be considered as adults.
N-VAR

juvenile delinquency

juvenile delinquency
Juvenile delinquency is destruction of property and other criminal behaviour that is committed by young people who are not old enough to be legally considered as adults.
N-UNCOUNT

juvenile delinquent

juvenile delinquent juvenile delinquents
A juvenile delinquent is a young person who is guilty of committing crimes, especially destruction of property or violence.
N-COUNT

juxtapose

[D.J.:ˌdʒʌkstəˈpəʊz]

[K.K.:ˌdʒʌkstəˈpoz]

vt.

把…并列,把…并置;把…放在另一个旁边

juxtaposition

n.

juxtaposition

[D.J.:ˌdʒʌkstəpəˈzɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌdʒʌkstəpəˈzɪʃən]

n.

并置,并列

juxtapose

juxtapose juxtaposes juxtaposing juxtaposed
If you juxtapose two contrasting objects, images, or ideas, you place them together or describe them together, so that the differences between them are emphasized. (FORMAL)

- The technique Mr Wilson uses most often is to juxtapose things for dramatic effect.

- Contemporary photographs are juxtaposed with a sixteenth century, copper Portuguese mirror.

- ...art's oldest theme: the celebration of life juxtaposed with the terror of mortality.

VB

K22

步廊

k

[kei]

n.

字母k

K, k

1. K, k K's, k's
K is the eleventh letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

2. K, k
K or k is used as an abbreviation for words beginning with k, such as `kilometre', `kilobyte', or `king'.

3. K, k
K or k is sometimes used to represent the number 1000, especially when referring to sums of money. (INFORMAL)

- I used to make over 40k.

NUM: usu num NUM

Kalashnikov

Kalashnikov Kalashnikovs
A Kalashnikov is a type of rifle that is made in Russia.
N-COUNT

kale

[D.J.:keil,kel]

[K.K.:kel]

n.

羽衣甘蓝

kale

kale
Kale is a vegetable that is similar to a cabbage.
N-UNCOUNT

kaleidoscope

[D.J.:kəˈlaɪdəˌskəʊp]

[K.K.:kəˈlaɪdəˌskop]

n.

万花筒

千变万化, 瞬息万变

kaleidoscope

1. kaleidoscope kaleidoscopes
A kaleidoscope is a toy in the shape of a tube with a small hole at one end. If you look through the hole and turn the other end of the tube, you can see a pattern of colours which changes as you turn the tube round.
N-COUNT

2. kaleidoscope
You can describe something that is made up of a lot of different and frequently changing colours or elements as a kaleidoscope .

- ...the vivid kaleidoscope of colours displayed in the plumage of the peacock.

- ...a kaleidoscope of different alliances, groupings and interests.

N-SING: usu with supp, oft N of n

kaleidoscopic

[D.J.:kəˌlaɪdəˈskɔpɪk]

[K.K.: kəˌlaɪdəˈskɑpɪk]

adj.

万花筒似的;千变万化的

kaleidoscopic

kaleidoscopic
If you describe something as kaleidoscopic , you mean that it consists of a lot of very different parts, such as different colours, patterns, or shapes.

- ...a kaleidoscopic range of fabrics by American design house, Robert Allen.

- ...a kaleidoscopic study of the shifting ideas and symbols of French nationhood.

ADJ: ADJ n

kamikaze

[D.J.:ˌkɑ:miˈkɑ:zi]

[K.K.:ˌkɑmɪˈkɑzi]

n.

〈日〉(第二次世界大战期间日本空军敢死队)神风对队员,此种战术的飞机或驾驶员

kamikaze

1. kamikaze
If someone such as a soldier or terrorist performs a kamikaze act, they attack the enemy knowing that they will be killed doing it.

- ...kamikaze pilots who say they are ready to strike and bomb nuclear installation targets.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. kamikaze
You can use kamikaze to describe an action or attitude which involves doing something which is very dangerous and likely to harm the person who does it.

- These are kamikaze jobs, the ones almost guaranteed to end your career.

- Tone down your kamikaze tendencies and take more prudent risks.

ADJ: ADJ n

kamikaze

adjective

self-destructive

foolhardy

suicidal

kangaroo

[D.J.:ˌkæŋgəˈru:]

[K.K.:ˌkæŋɡəˈru]

n.

<动>袋鼠

kangaroo *

kangaroo kangaroos
A kangaroo is a large Australian animal which moves by jumping on its back legs. Female kangaroos carry their babies in a pouch on their stomach.
N-COUNT

kangaroo court

kangaroo court kangaroo courts
If you refer to a court or a meeting as a kangaroo court , you disapprove of it because it is unofficial or unfair, and is intended to find someone guilty.
N-COUNT disapproval

kaput

[D.J.:kəˈpu:t]

[K.K.:kɑˈpʊt, -ˈput, kə-]

adj.

过时的,故障的,失败了的

kaput

kaput
If you say that something is kaput , you mean that it is completely broken, useless, or finished. (INFORMAL)

- `What's happened to your car?' --- `It's kaput.'.

- He finally admitted that his film career was kaput.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

karaoke

[ˌkærəˈəuki]

n.

卡拉OK

karaoke *

karaoke
Karaoke is a form of entertainment in which a machine plays the tunes of songs, and people take it in turns to sing the words.
N-UNCOUNT

karate

[D.J.:kəˈrɑ:ti:]

[K.K.:kəˈrɑti]

n.

<日>空手道

karate *

karate
Karate is a Japanese sport or way of fighting in which people fight using their hands, elbows, feet, and legs.
N-UNCOUNT

karma

[ˈkɑ:mə]

n.

〈宗〉(佛教和印度教的)业

命运, 宿缘

karma *

karma
In religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism, karma is the belief that your actions in this life affect all your future lives.
N-UNCOUNT

kart

[D.J.:kɑ:t]

[K.K.:kɑrt]

n.

〈美〉小型赛车,装有轮子的小车

kart

kart karts
A kart is the same as a go-kart .
N-COUNT

kayak

[D.J.:ˈkaɪˌæk]

[K.K.:ˈkaɪˌæk]

n.

爱斯基摩单人划子

kayak

kayak kayaks
A kayak is a narrow boat like a canoe, used by the Inuit people and in the sport of canoeing.
N-COUNT

kazoo

[D.J.:kəˈzu:]

[K.K.:kəˈzu]

n.

小笛(一种木制或金属制玩具笛子)

kazoo

kazoo kazoos
A kazoo is a small musical instrument that consists of a pipe with a hole in the top. You play the kazoo by blowing into it while making sounds.
N-COUNT

kebab

[D.J.:kəˈbɑ:b]

[K.K.:kəˈbɑb]

n.

(印度)烤腌羊肉串,肉串上的肉块

kebab

kebab kebabs
A kebab is pieces of meat or vegetables grilled on a long thin rod, or slices of grilled meat served in pitta bread.
N-VAR (AM) also kabob

kedgeree

[D.J.:ˌkedʒəˈri:]

[K.K.:ˈkɛdʒəˌri, ˌkɛdʒəˈri]

n.

(印度)鸡蛋葱豆饭

kedgeree

kedgeree
Kedgeree is a cooked dish consisting of rice, fish, and eggs.
N-UNCOUNT

keel

[D.J.:ki:l]

[K.K.:kil]

n.

(船的)龙骨

vt. & vi.

翻身;倾覆

keelless

adj.

无龙骨的

keelless

[ˈki:llis]

adj.

没有龙骨的,没有龙骨瓣的,没有龙骨突起的

keel *

1. keel keels
The keel of a boat is the long, specially shaped piece of wood or steel along the bottom of it.
N-COUNT

2. keel
If you say that someone or something is on an even keel , you mean that they are working or progressing smoothly and steadily, without any sudden changes.

- Jason had helped him out with a series of loans, until he could get back on an even keel.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

keel over *

keel over keels over; keeling over; keeled over
If someone keels over , they collapse because they are tired or ill. (INFORMAL)

- He then keeled over and fell flat on his back.

PHR-V

keel over

verb

collapse

black out informal

faint

pass out

keen

[D.J.:ki:n]

[K.K.:kin]

adj.

锋利的

热衷的, 热心的, 渴望(做某事)

激烈的, 紧张的

良好的; 敏锐的, 敏捷的

keener

[ˈki:nə]

n.

〈爱尔兰〉哭丧女(尤指职业的哭丧女人)

keening

n.

哭丧,哀恸

keenly

[D.J.:ˈki:nlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkinlɪ]

adv.

敏锐地；敏感地；锐利地

强烈地;热心地

keenness

n.

敏锐

keen ***

1. keen keener keenest
If you are keen on doing something, you very much want to do it. If you are keen that something should happen, you very much want it to happen. (mainly BRIT)

- You're not keen on going, are you?.

- Both companies were keen on a merger.

- I'm very keen that the European Community should be as open as possible to trade from Russia.

- She's still keen to keep in touch.

- I am not keen for her to have a bicycle.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, ADJ on -ing/n, ADJ that, ADJ to-inf

2. keenness

- ...Doyle's keenness to please.

- ...the country's keenness for better economic ties with China.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to-inf
= enthusiasm

3. keen keener keenest
If you are keen on something, you like it a lot and are very enthusiastic about it. (mainly BRIT)

- I got quite keen on the idea.

- I wasn't too keen on physics and chemistry.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ on n

4. keenness

- ...his keenness for the arts.

N-UNCOUNT

5. keen keener keenest
You use keen to indicate that someone has a lot of enthusiasm for a particular activity and spends a lot of time doing it.

- She was a keen amateur photographer.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n, v-link ADJ on n/-ing

6. keen keener keenest
If you describe someone as keen , you mean that they have an enthusiastic nature and are interested in everything that they do.

- He's a very keen student and works very hard.

- You're all very keen.

ADJ-GRADED
= enthusiastic

7. keenness

- ...the keenness of the students.

N-UNCOUNT

8. keen keener keenest
A keen interest or emotion is one that is very intense.

- He had retained a keen interest in the progress of the work.

- ...his keen sense of loyalty.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

9. keenly

- She remained keenly interested in international affairs.

- This is a keenly awaited project.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

10. keen keener keenest
If you are a keen supporter of a cause, movement, or idea, you support it enthusiastically.

- He's been a keen supporter of the Labour Party all his life.

- He is a keen advocate of park-and-ride schemes.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

11. keen keener keenest
If you say that someone has a keen mind, you mean that they are very clever and aware of what is happening around them.

- They described him as a man of keen intellect.

- Mr Walsh has a keen appreciation of the priorities of the electorate.

- I can see you have a keen sense of humour.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

12. keenly

- They're keenly aware that whatever they decide will set a precedent.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

13. keen keener keenest
If you have a keen eye or ear, you are able to notice things that are difficult to detect.

- ...an amateur artist with a keen eye for detail...

- Brand's keen ear caught the trace of an accent.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= sharp

14. keenly

- Charles listened keenly.

- ...his keenly observed portrait.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

15. keen keener keenest
If you are keen on someone, you find them sexually attractive and want to get to know them better. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Mick has always been very keen on Carla.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ on n

16. keen keener keenest
A keen fight or competition is one in which the competitors are all trying very hard to win, and it is not easy to predict who will win.

- There is expected to be a keen fight in the local elections.

ADJ-GRADED

17. keenly

- The 1994 contest should be very keenly fought.

ADV-GRADED

18. keen keener keenest
Keen prices are low and competitive. (mainly BRIT)

- The company negotiates very keen prices with their suppliers.

ADJ-GRADED

19. keenly

- The shops also offer a keenly priced curtain-making service.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed

20. keen keens keening keened
If someone keens , they cry out or make sounds to express their sorrow at someone's death. (LITERARY)

- He tossed back his head and keened.

- Someone was making a low, keening noise.

VB
= wail

21. keen
If you say that someone is mad keen on something, you are emphasizing that they are very enthusiastic about it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- So you're not mad keen on science then?.

- She was mad keen to go.

- ...a mad keen golfer.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR n emphasis

keen

adjective

1.

eager

ardent

avid

enthusiastic

impassioned

intense

zealous

2.

sharp

cutting

incisive

razor-like

3.

astute

canny

clever

perceptive

quick

shrewd

wise

keenness

noun

eagerness

ardour

enthusiasm

fervour

intensity

passion

zeal

zest

keep

[D.J.:ki:p]

[K.K.:kip]

vt. & vi. & link v.

(使)保持; (使)继续

vi.

(食品)保持新鲜

vt.

保有, 保存, 保留

阻止, 防止, 耽搁

履行, 遵守

keeping

[D.J.:ˈki:pɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkipɪŋ]

n.

保管,保存;看守

遵守

抚育;饲养

一致;协调

in sb’s keeping

由某人照料

in keeping (with sth)

(与…)协调，一致

out of keeping (with sth)

(与…)不协调，不一致

kept

[kept]

keep的过去式和过去分词

adj.

受人资助控制的

keep *****

1. keep keeps keeping kept
If someone keeps or is kept in a particular state, they remain in it.

- The noise kept him awake.

- Reggie was being kept busy behind the bar.

- To keep warm they burnt wood in a rusty oil barrel.

- For several years I kept in touch with her.

V-LINK-ERG

2. keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep or you are kept in a particular position or place, you remain in it.

- Keep away from the doors while the train is moving.

- He kept his head down, hiding his features.

- It was against all orders to smoke, but a cigarette kept away mosquitoes.

- Doctors will keep her in hospital for at least another week.

V-ERG
= stay

3. keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep off something or keep away from it, you avoid it. If you keep out of something, you avoid getting involved in it.

- I managed to stick to the diet and keep off sweet foods.

- He's going to be a fantastic player if he keeps away from booze and women.

- The best way to keep babies off sugar is to go back to the natural diet and eat lots of fresh fruit.

V-ERG
= stay

4. keep keeps keeping kept
If someone or something keeps you from a particular action, they prevent you from doing it.

- Embarrassment has kept me from doing all sorts of things.

- He kept her from being lonely.

- What can you do to keep it from happening again?

VB
= stop

5. keep keeps keeping kept
If you try to keep from doing something, you try to stop yourself from doing it.

- She bit her lip to keep from crying.

- He had to lean on Dan to keep from falling.

VB

6. keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep something from someone, you do not tell them about it.

- She knew that Gabriel was keeping something from her.

VB

7. keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep doing something, you do it repeatedly or continue to do it.

- I keep forgetting it's December.

- I turned back after a while, but he kept walking.

VB

8. keep on keeps on; keeping on; kept on
Keep on means the same as keep .

- Did he give up or keep on trying?.

- My wife keeps on saying that I work too hard.

PHR-V

9. keep keeps keeping kept
Keep is used with some nouns to indicate that someone does something for a period of time or continues to do it. For example, if you keep a grip on something, you continue to hold or control it.

- Until last year, the regime kept a tight grip on the country.

- One of them would keep a look-out on the road behind to warn us of approaching vehicles.

- His parents kept a vigil by his bedside as he was given brain and body scans.

VB

10. keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep something, you continue to have it in your possession and do not throw it away, give it away, or sell it.

- `I like this dress,' she said. `Keep it. You can have it,' said Daphne.

- Lathan had to choose between marrying her and keeping his job.

VB

11. keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep something in a particular place, you always have it or store it in that place so that you can use it whenever you need it.

- She kept her money under the mattress.

- She remembered where she kept the gun.

- To make it easier to contact us, keep this card handy.

VB

12. keep keeps keeping kept
When you keep something such as a promise or an appointment, you do what you said you would do.

- I'm hoping you'll keep your promise to come for a long visit.

- He had again failed to keep his word.

VB

13. keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep a record of a series of events, you write down details of it so that they can be referred to later.

- Eleanor began to keep a diary.

- The volunteers kept a record of everything they ate for a week.

VB

14. keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep yourself or keep someone else, you support yourself or the other person by earning enough money to provide food, clothing, money, and other necessary things.

- She could just about afford to keep her five kids.

- I just cannot afford to keep myself.

- He married an Armenian with a good dowry, who kept him in silk cravats.

VB

15. keep
Someone's keep is the cost of food and other things that they need in their daily life.

- Ray will earn his keep on local farms while studying.

- I need to give my parents money for my keep.

N-SING: poss N

16. keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep animals, you own them and take care of them.

- I've brought you some eggs. We keep chickens.

- This mad writer kept a lobster as a pet.

VB

17. keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep a business such as a small shop or hotel, you own it and manage it.

- His father kept a village shop.

VB

18. keep keeps keeping kept
If someone or something keeps you, they delay you and make you late.

- Sorry to keep you, Jack.

- `What kept you?' --- `I went in the wrong direction.'

VB

19. keep keeps keeping kept
If food keeps for a certain length of time, it stays fresh and suitable to eat for that time.

- Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, where it will keep for 2-3 weeks.

VB

20. keep keeps keeping kept
You can say or ask how someone is keeping as a way of saying or asking whether they are well.

- She hasn't been keeping too well lately.

- How are you keeping these days?

VB: only cont

21. keep keeps
A keep is the main tower of a medieval castle, in which people lived.
N-COUNT

22. keep
If you keep at it , you continue doing something that you have started, even if you are tired and would prefer to stop.

- It may take a number of attempts, but it is worth keeping at it.

- `Keep at it!' Thade encouraged me.

PHR: V inflects
= persevere

23. keep
Something that is for keeps is permanent and will not change. (INFORMAL)

- Ensure that whatever you gain now will be for keeps.

- He advised them to leave town for keeps.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v
= for good

24. keep
If you keep going , you continue moving along or doing something that you have started, even if you are tired and would prefer to stop.

- She forced herself to keep going.

- I was shouting: `Keep going, keep going!'

PHR: keep inflects

25. keep
If one thing is in keeping with another, it is suitable in relation to that thing. If one thing is out of keeping with another, you mean that it is not suitable in relation to that thing.

- His office was in keeping with his station and experience.

- In keeping with tradition, the Emperor and Empress did not attend the ceremony.

- His own response to it seemed to be out of keeping with his earlier expressed opinions.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR with cl, oft PHR with n

26. keep
If you keep it up , you continue working or trying as hard as you have been in the past.

- There are fears that he will not be able to keep it up when he gets to the particularly demanding third year.

- You're doing a great job! Keep it up!

PHR: V inflects

27. keep
If you keep something to yourself, you do not tell anyone else about it.

- I have to tell someone. I can't keep it to myself.

- There's one thing you can do for me. But keep it to yourself.

PHR: V inflects

28. keep
If you keep yourself to yourself or keep to yourself , you stay on your own most of the time and do not mix socially with other people.

- He was a quiet man who kept himself to himself.

- Since she knows little Italian, she keeps to herself.

PHR: V inflects
≠ socialize

keep on *****

keep on keeps on; keeping on; kept on
If you keep someone on , you continue to employ them, for example after they are old enough to retire or after other employees have lost their jobs.

- Sometimes they keep you on a bit longer if there's no one quite ready to step into your shoes.

- A skeleton staff of 20 is being kept on.

PHR-V

keep on about *****

keep on keeps on; keeping on; kept on
If you say that someone keeps on about something, you mean that they keep talking about it in a boring way. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He kept on about me being `defensive'.

PHR-V
= go on about

keep on at *****

keep on keeps on; keeping on; kept on
If you keep on at someone, you repeatedly ask or tell them something in a way that annoys them. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- You've constantly got to keep on at people about that.

- She kept on at him to get some qualifications.

PHR-V
= nag

kept

Kept is the past tense and past participle of keep .

keep

verb

1.

retain

conserve

control

hold

maintain

possess

preserve

2.

store

carry

deposit

hold

place

stack

stock

3.

look after

care for

guard

maintain

manage

mind

protect

tend

watch over

4.

support

feed

maintain

provide for

subsidize

sustain

5.

detain

delay

hinder

hold back

keep back

obstruct

prevent

restrain

noun

6.

board

food

living

maintenance

7.

tower

castle

keeping

noun

1.

care

charge

custody

guardianship

possession

protection

safekeeping

in keeping with

2.

agreement

accord

balance

compliance

conformity

correspondence

harmony

observance

proportion

keep back *****

1. keep back keeps back; keeping back; kept back
If you keep back part of something, you do not use or give away all of it, so that you still have some to use at a later time.

- Roughly chop the vegetables, and keep back a little to chop finely and serve as a garnish.

PHR-V
= reserve

2. keep back keeps back; keeping back; kept back
If you keep some information back , you do not tell all that you know about something.

- Neither of them is telling the whole truth. Invariably, they keep something back.

PHR-V

keep down *****

1. keep down keeps down; keeping down; kept down
If you keep the number, size, or amount of something down , you do not let it get bigger or go higher.

- The prime aim is to keep inflation down.

- Administration costs were kept down to just £460.

PHR-V

2. keep down keeps down; keeping down; kept down
If someone keeps a group of people down , they prevent them from getting power and status and being completely free.

- No matter what a woman tries to do to improve her situation, there is some barrier or attitude to keep her down.

PHR-V
= oppress

3. keep down keeps down; keeping down; kept down
If you keep food or drink down , you manage to swallow it properly and not vomit, even though you feel sick.

- I tried to give her something to drink but she couldn't keep it down.

PHR-V

keep in with *****

keep in keeps in; keeping in; kept in
If you keep in with someone, you stay friendly with them, often in order to gain some advantage for yourself because they have power or influence. (mainly BRIT)

- I had to keep in with the people who mattered.

PHR-V

keep to *****

1. keep to keeps to; keeping to; kept to
If you keep to a rule, plan, or agreement, you do exactly what you are expected or supposed to do.

- You've got to keep to the speed limit.

- He had been unable to keep to his schedule.

PHR-V
= stick to

2. keep to keeps to; keeping to; kept to
If you keep to something such as a path or river, you do not move away from it as you go somewhere.

- Please keep to the paths.

PHR-V
= stick to

3. keep to keeps to; keeping to; kept to
If you keep to a particular subject, you talk only about that subject, and do not talk about anything else.

- Let's keep to the subject, or you'll get me too confused.

PHR-V
= stick to

4. keep to keeps to; keeping to; kept to
If you keep something to a particular number or quantity, you limit it to that number or quantity.

- Keep costs to a minimum.

PHR-V

keep up *****

1. keep up keeps up; keeping up; kept up
If you keep up with someone or something that is moving near you, you move at the same speed.

- She shook her head and started to walk on. He kept up with her.

PHR-V

2. keep up keeps up; keeping up; kept up
To keep up with something that is changing means to be able to cope with the change, usually by changing at the same rate.

- The union called the strike to press for wage increases which keep up with inflation.

- Things are changing so fast, it's hard to keep up.

PHR-V

3. keep up keeps up; keeping up; kept up
If you keep up with your work or with other people, you manage to do or understand all your work, or to do or understand it as well as other people.

- Penny tended to work through her lunch hour in an effort to keep up with her work.

- Life here is tough for a parent whose kids aren't keeping up in school.

PHR-V

4. keep up keeps up; keeping up; kept up
If you keep up with what is happening, you make sure that you know about it.

- She did not bother to keep up with the news.

PHR-V

5. keep up keeps up; keeping up; kept up
If you keep something up , you continue to do it or provide it.

- I was so hungry all the time that I could not keep the diet up for longer than a month.

- They risk losing their homes because they can no longer keep up the repayments.

PHR-V

6. keep up keeps up; keeping up; kept up
If you keep something up , you prevent it from growing less in amount, level, or degree.

- There will be a major incentive among TV channels to keep standards up.

- Opposition forces are keeping up the pressure against the government.

PHR-V
= maintain

keep up

verb

maintain

continue

keep pace

preserve

sustain

keeper

[D.J.:ˈki:pə]

[K.K.:ˈkipɚ]

n.

饲养员;保管人

管理人,负责人

keeper **

1. keeper keepers
In soccer, the keeper is the same as the goalkeeper . (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. keeper keepers
In American football, a keeper is a play in which the quarterback keeps the ball. (AM)
N-COUNT

3. keeper keepers
A keeper at a zoo is a person who takes care of the animals.
N-COUNT

4. keeper keepers
The keeper of a museum or art gallery, or of one part of it, is the person who is responsible for the things in it. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use curator )
N-COUNT
= curator

5. keeper
If you say that you are not someone's keeper , you mean that you are not responsible for what they do or for what happens to them.

- `I don't know where he is,' Hughes replied. `I'm not his keeper.'

PHR: V inflects

keeper

noun

guardian

attendant

caretaker

curator

custodian

guard

preserver

steward

warden

keep-fit

n.

体操

keep-fit *

keep-fit
Keep-fit is the activity of keeping your body in good condition by doing special exercises. (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also keep fit .

keepsake

[D.J.:ˈki:pˌseɪk]

[K.K.:ˈkipˌsek]

n.

纪念品

keepsake

keepsake keepsakes
A keepsake is a small present that someone gives you so that you will not forget them.
N-COUNT
= memento

keepsake

noun

souvenir

memento

relic

reminder

symbol

token

keg

[D.J.:keg]

[K.K.:kɛɡ]

n.

小桶

keg

1. keg kegs
A keg is a small barrel used for storing something such as beer or other alcoholic drinks.
N-COUNT: oft n N

2. keg
Keg is a kind of beer which is kept under pressure in a metal barrel. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

keg

noun

barrel

cask

drum

vat

kelp

[D.J.:kelp]

[K.K.:kɛlp]

n.

大型褐藻

kelp

kelp
Kelp is a type of flat brown seaweed.
N-UNCOUNT

ken

[D.J.:ken]

[K.K.:kɛn]

n.

视野,眼界

知识范围;理解范围

beyond sb.’s ken

人的理解能力之外

vt.

<苏格兰>知道,懂得

<古>看到,看着

<方>认出

vi.

<苏格兰>知道,懂得

ken

ken
If something is beyond your ken , you do not have enough knowledge to be able to understand it.

- The subject matter was so technical as to be beyond the ken of the average layman.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

kennel

[D.J.:ˈkenəl]

[K.K.:ˈkɛnəl]

n.

狗窝

养狗场

kennel *

1. kennel kennels
A kennel is a small building made especially for a dog to sleep in. (mainly BRIT; in AM use doghouse )
N-COUNT

2. kennel kennels
Kennels or a kennels or a kennel is a place where dogs are bred and trained, or looked after when their owners are away.

- The guard dog was now in kennels as it was not aggressive.

- Pauline runs a kennels.

- Once you have chosen a kennel, don't forget to make a booking for your pet.

N-COUNT: oft in N in pl

Kenyan

[ˈkenjən]

adj.

肯尼亚的

n.

肯尼亚人, 肯尼亚国民

Kenyan ***

1. Kenyan
Kenyan means belonging or relating to Kenya, or to its people or culture.
ADJ

2. Kenyan Kenyans
A Kenyan is a Kenyan citizen, or a person of Kenyan origin.
N-COUNT

kerb

[D.J.:kɜ:b]

[K.K.:kə..b]

n.

侧石, 边石

限制, 克制, 抑制

vt.

限制, 克制, 抑制

kerbs

n.

(姓氏)克雷布斯

kerb *

kerb kerbs
The kerb is the raised edge of a pavement or sidewalk which separates it from the road.

- Stewart stepped off the kerb.

N-COUNT: usu the N (AM) curb

kerb-crawling

n.

路边求欢者,驾驶汽车在马路边上慢行跟踪女子并向其求欢的男子

kerb-crawling

kerb-crawling
Kerb-crawling is the activity of driving slowly along the side of a road in order to find and hire a prostitute. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

kerchief

[D.J.:ˈkə:tʃif]

[K.K.:ˈkɚtʃɪf, -ˌtʃif]

n.

方巾

kerchief

kerchief kerchiefs
A kerchief is a piece of cloth that you can wear on your head or round your neck. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

kerfuffle

[D.J.:kəˈfʌfl]

n.

<口>吵闹,混乱

kerfuffle

kerfuffle
A kerfuffle is a lot of argument, noisy activity, or fuss. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- There was a bit of a kerfuffle during the race when a dog impeded the leading runners.

N-SING
= commotion

kernel

[D.J.:ˈkɜ:nəl]

[K.K.:ˈkə..nəl]

n.

谷粒;仁, 核

要点, 中心, 核心

kernel *

1. kernel kernels
The kernel of a nut is the part that is inside the shell.
N-COUNT

2. kernel kernels
The kernel of something is the central and most important part of it.

- The kernel of that message was that peace must not be a source of advantage or disadvantage for anyone.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n
= core crux

3. kernel kernels
A kernel of something is a small element of it.

- For all I know, there may be a kernel of truth in what he says.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n
= grain

kernel

noun

essence

core

germ

gist

nub

pith

substance

kerosene

[D.J.:ˈkerəˌsi:n, ˈkær-, ˌkerəˈsi:n, ˌkær-]

[K.K.:ˈkɛrəˌsin, ˈkær-, ˌkɛrəˈsin, ˌkær-]

n.

煤油;火油

kerosene *

kerosene
Kerosene is a clear, strong-smelling liquid which is used as a fuel, for example in heaters and lamps. (mainly AM; in BRIT use paraffin )
N-UNCOUNT
= paraffin

kestrel

[D.J.:ˈkestrəl]

[K.K.:ˈkɛstrəl]

n.

(产于欧洲的)茶隼(一种鹰)

kestrel

kestrel kestrels
A kestrel is a small bird of prey.
N-COUNT

ketch

[D.J.:ketʃ]

[K.K.:kɛtʃ]

n.

双桅纵帆船

ketch

ketch ketches
A ketch is a type of sailing ship that has two masts.
N-COUNT

ketchup

[D.J.:ˈketʃəp, ˈkætʃ-]

[K.K.:ˈkɛtʃəp, ˈkætʃ-]

n.

番茄酱

ketchup

ketchup
Ketchup is a thick, cold sauce, usually made from tomatoes, that is sold in bottles.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) also catsup

kettle

[D.J.:ˈketl]

[K.K.:ˈkɛtl]

n.

(烧水用的)壶

kettle *

1. kettle kettles
A kettle is a covered container that you use for boiling water. It has a handle, and a spout for the water to come out of. (mainly BRIT; in AM use teakettle )

- I'll put the kettle on and make us some tea.

N-COUNT

2. kettle kettles
A kettle of water is the amount of water contained in a kettle.

- Pour a kettle of boiling water over the onions.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. kettle kettles
A kettle is a metal pot for boiling or cooking things in. (mainly AM; in BRIT use pan )

- Put the meat into a small kettle.

N-COUNT

4. kettle
If you say that something is a different kettle of fish , you mean that it is very different from another related thing that you are talking about. (INFORMAL)

- Playing for the reserve team is a totally different kettle of fish.

PHR: v-link PHR

kettledrum

[D.J.:ˈketldrʌm]

[K.K.:ˈkɛtlˌdrʌm]

n.

半球形铜鼓,午后茶会

kettledrum

kettledrum kettledrums
A kettledrum is a large bowl-shaped drum which can be tuned to play a particular note.
N-COUNT
= timpani

key

[D.J.:ki:]

[K.K.:ki]

n.

钥匙

键

(乐曲的)调; 口吻, 基调

题解, 答案

vt.

用键盘输入

调音

使某事物与他事物相似[相适应]

key ****

1. key keys
A key is a specially shaped piece of metal that you place in a lock and turn in order to open or lock a door, or to start or stop the engine of a vehicle.

- They put the key in the door and entered.

- She reached for her coat and car keys.

N-COUNT

2. key keys
The keys on a computer keyboard or typewriter are the buttons that you press in order to operate it.
N-COUNT: usu pl

3. key keys
The keys of a piano or organ are the long narrow pieces of wood or plastic that you press in order to play it.
N-COUNT: usu pl

4. key keys
In music, a key is a scale of musical notes that starts on one specific note.

- ...the key of A minor.

N-VAR

5. key keys
The key on a map or diagram or in a technical book is a list of the symbols or abbreviations used and their meanings.

- You will find a key at the front of the book.

N-COUNT

6. key
The key person or thing in a group is the most important one.

- He is expected to be the key witness at the trial.

- Education is likely to be a key issue in the next election.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. key keys
The key to a desirable situation or result is the way in which it can be achieved.

- The key to success is to be ready from the start.

- Diet and relaxation are two important keys to good health.

N-COUNT: usu N to n

key

noun

1.

opener

latchkey

2.

answer

explanation

solution

adjective

3.

essential

crucial

decisive

fundamental

important

leading

main

major

pivotal

principal

key in ****

key in keys in; keying in; keyed in
If you key something in , you put information into a computer or you give the computer a particular instruction by typing the information or instruction on the keyboard.

- Brian keyed in his personal code.

PHR-V
= enter

key in

verb

type

enter

input

keyboard

keyboard

[D.J.:ˈki:bɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈkiˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

(打字机, 钢琴等的)键盘

keyboard **

1. keyboard keyboards
The keyboard of a typewriter or computer is the set of keys that you press in order to operate it.
N-COUNT

2. keyboard keyboards
The keyboard of a piano or organ is the set of black and white keys that you press in order to play it.

- Tanya's hands rippled over the keyboard.

N-COUNT

3. keyboard keyboards
People sometimes refer to musical instruments that have a keyboard as keyboards .

- ...Sean O'Hagan on keyboards.

- ...the keyboard player.

N-COUNT: usu pl

keyboarder

keyboarder keyboarders
A keyboarder is a person whose job is typing information into a computer or word processor.
N-COUNT

keyboarding

keyboarding
Keyboarding is the activity of typing information into a computer or word processor.
N-UNCOUNT

keyboardist

[ˈki:ˌbɔ:dist]

n.

键盘乐器演奏者

keyboardist

keyboardist keyboardists
A keyboardist is someone who plays keyboard instruments, especially in popular music.
N-COUNT

key card

key card key cards
A key card is a small plastic card which you can use instead of a key to open a door or barrier, for example in some hotels and car parks.
N-COUNT

keyed up

keyed up
If you are keyed up , you are very excited or nervous before an important or dangerous event.

- I wasn't able to sleep that night, I was so keyed up.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= tense

keyhole

[D.J.:ˈki:ˌhəʊl]

[K.K.:ˈkiˌhol]

n.

锁眼;钥匙孔

keyhole

keyhole keyholes
A keyhole is the hole in a lock that you put a key in.

- I looked through the keyhole.

N-COUNT

keyhole surgery

keyhole surgery
Keyhole surgery is a surgical technique in which the surgeon inserts the instruments through small cuts in the patient's body, using as a guide an image provided by equipment inserted into the patient's body. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

keynote

[D.J.:ˈki:ˌnəʊt]

[K.K.:ˈkiˌnot]

n.

要旨,主题

<音>主音

keynoter

n.

定基调的人

keynoter

[D.J.:ˈki:ˌnəutə]

[K.K.:ˈkiˌnotɚ]

n.

政党方针的演说人

keynotes

关键提示

keynote *

keynote keynotes
The keynote of a policy, speech, or idea is the main theme of it or the part of it that is emphasized the most.

- He would be setting out his plans for the party in a keynote speech.

- Responsibility and moderation were to be the keynotes of their foreign policy.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N n, N of n

keynote

noun

heart

centre

core

essence

gist

substance

theme

keypad

[D.J.:ˈki:pæd]

[K.K.:ˈkiˌpæd]

n.

键区

keypad

keypad keypads
The keypad on a modern telephone is the set of buttons that you press in order to operate it. Some other machines, such as cash dispensers, also have a keypad.
N-COUNT

key ring

key ring key rings
A key ring is a metal ring which you use to keep your keys together. You pass the ring through the holes in your keys.
N-COUNT also keyring .

keystone

[D.J.:ˈki:stəun]

[K.K.:ˈkiˌston]

n.

重点,要旨,基本原理,拱心石,楔石

keystone

1. keystone keystones
A keystone is a stone at the top of an arch, which keeps the other stones in place by its weight and position. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

2. keystone keystones
A keystone of a policy, system, or process is an important part of it, which is the basis for later developments.

- The government's determination to beat inflation has so far been the keystone of its economic policy.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of/in n

keystroke

[D.J.:ˈki:strəuk]

[K.K.:ˈkiˌstrok]

n.

键击,按键

keystroke

keystroke keystrokes
A keystroke is one touch of one of the keys on a computer or typewriter keyboard.
N-COUNT

keyworker

keyworker keyworkers
The keyworker for a particular group of clients or patients is the person who works with them most closely and has most responsibility for them.
N-COUNT

kg

abbr.

=kilogram(s)

=keg(s)

=king

kg.

abbr.

kilogram 公斤

kg.

abbr.

kilogram 公斤

kg *

kg
Kg is an abbreviation for kilogram or kilograms .

khaki

[D.J.:ˈkæki:, ˈkɑ:ki:]

[K.K.:ˈkæki, ˈkɑki]

n.

土黄色

黄卡其布

adj.

土黄色的, 黄卡其布的

khaki *

1. khaki
Khaki is a strong material of a greenish brown colour, used especially to make uniforms for soldiers.

- On each side of me was a figure in khaki.

N-UNCOUNT

2. khaki
Something that is khaki is greenish brown in colour.

- He was dressed in khaki trousers.

COLOUR

kHz

abbr.

kilohertz 千赫

kHz

abbr.

kilohertz 千赫

kHz

kHz.
kHz is a written abbreviation for kilohertz . It is often written on radios beside a range of numbers to help you find a particular radio station.

= kilohertz

kibbutz

[D.J.:kiˈbu:ts]

[K.K.:kɪˈbʊts, -ˈbuts]

n.

以色列的集体农场

kibbutz

kibbutz kibbutzim
A kibbutz is a place of work in Israel, for example a farm or factory, where the workers live together and share all the duties and income.
N-COUNT

kick

[D.J.:kik]

[K.K.:kɪk]

vt. & vi.

踢

n.

踢

〈非正〉极度兴奋, 快乐

精力, 效应

kicking

[ˈkikiŋ]

n.

反撞;(发动机)开动;推出(平面调车);逆转;踢(侵人犯规)

kick ****

1. kick kicks kicking kicked
If you kick someone or something, you hit them forcefully with your foot.

- He kicked the door hard.

- He threw me to the ground and started to kick.

- He escaped by kicking open the window.

- The fiery actress kicked him in the shins.

- An ostrich can kick a man to death.

VB

2. kick kicks
Also a noun.

- He suffered a kick to the knee.

N-COUNT

3. kick kicks kicking kicked
When you kick a ball or other object, you hit it with your foot so that it moves through the air.

- I went to kick the ball and I completely missed it.

- He kicked the ball away.

- A furious player kicked his racket into the grandstand.

VB

4. kick kicks
Also a noun.

- Schmeichel swooped to save the first kick from Borisov.

N-COUNT

5. kick kicks kicking kicked
If you kick or if you kick your legs, you move your legs with very quick, small, and forceful movements, once or repeatedly.

- They were dragged away struggling and kicking.

- First he kicked the left leg, then he kicked the right.

- He kicked his feet away from the window.

VB

6. kick out kicks out; kicking out; kicked out
Kick out means the same as kick .

- As its rider tried to free it, the horse kicked out and rolled over, crushing her.

PHR-V

7. kick kicks kicking kicked
If you kick your legs, you lift your legs up very high one after the other, for example when you are dancing.

- ...kicking his legs like a Can Can dancer...

- She begins dancing, kicking her legs high in the air.

VB

8. kick kicks kicking kicked
If you kick a habit, you stop doing something that is bad for you and that you find difficult to stop doing. (INFORMAL)

- She's kicked her drug habit and learned that her life has value.

- I've kicked cigarettes, heroin, and booze.

VB

9. kick
If something gives you a kick , it makes you feel very excited or very happy for a short period of time. (INFORMAL)

- I got a kick out of seeing my name in print.

N-SING: a N

10. kick
If you say that someone kicks you when you are down , you think they are behaving unfairly because they are attacking you when you are in a weak position.

- In the end I just couldn't kick Jimmy when he was down.

PHR: V inflects

11. kick
If you say that someone does something for kicks , you mean that they do it because they think it will be exciting. (INFORMAL)

- They made a few small bets for kicks.

PHR: PHR after v
= for fun

12. kick
If you say that someone is dragged kicking and screaming into a particular course of action, you are emphasizing that they are very unwilling to do what they are being made to do.

- He had to be dragged kicking and screaming into action.

PHR: PHR after v, oft PHR into n/-ing emphasis

13. kick
If you describe an event as a kick in the teeth , you are emphasizing that it is very disappointing and upsetting. (INFORMAL)

- We've been struggling for years and it's a real kick in the teeth to see a new band make it ahead of us.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, PHR after v emphasis
= setback

14. kick
You use kick yourself in expressions such as I could have kicked myself and you're going to kick yourself to indicate that you were annoyed or are going to be annoyed that you got something wrong.

- I was still kicking myself for not paying attention.

- I immediately regretted having said this -- I could have kicked myself.

PHR: V inflects feelings

kick out ****

kick out kicks out; kicking out; kicked out
To kick someone out of a place means to force them to leave it. (INFORMAL)

- The country's leaders kicked five foreign journalists out of the country.

- Her family kicked her out.

PHR-V
See also kick 3.

kick

verb

1.

boot

punt

2.

give up

abandon

desist from

leave off

quit

stop

noun

3.

thrill

buzz slang

pleasure

stimulation

kick out

verb

dismiss

eject

evict

expel

get rid of

remove

sack informal

kick against ****

kick against kicks against; kicking against; kicked against
If you kick against a situation you dislike but cannot control, you react against it in a violent, sudden, or extreme way. (mainly BRIT)

- North Sea operators kicked against legislation making them responsible for removing oil platforms at the end of their useful life.

PHR-V

kick around ****

1. kick around kicks around; kicking around; kicked around
If you kick around ideas or suggestions, you discuss them informally. (INFORMAL)

- We kicked a few ideas around.

- They started to kick around the idea of an electric scraper.

PHR-V
= play with

2. kick around kicks around; kicking around; kicked around
If you say that someone kicks you around , you do not like the way that they treat you because it is unfair. (INFORMAL)

- I don't feel that anyone can kick me around anymore.

PHR-V

kick down, kick in ****

kick down kicks down; kicking down; kicked down
If someone kicks something down or if they kick it in , they hit it violently with their foot so that it breaks or falls over.

- She was forced to kick down the front door.

- My neighbour's door had been kicked in.

PHR-V

kick in ****

1. kick in kicks in; kicking in; kicked in
If something kicks in , it begins to take effect.

- An energy saving mode automatically kicks in after a designated time to dim the screen and reduce power consumption.

- When you're confronted with the problem, emotions kick in, fear kicks in, and you don't always do the rational and thought-out approach.

PHR-V

2. kick in kicks in; kicking in; kicked in
If someone kicks in a particular amount of money, they provide that amount of money to help pay for something. (AM)

- Kansas City area churches kicked in $35,000 to support the event.

- To keep it going, Lenoire kicked in her own earnings from acting.

PHR-V
= contribute

See also kick down .

kick off ****

1. kick off kicks off; kicking off; kicked off
In soccer, when the players kick off , they start a game by kicking the ball from the centre of the pitch.

- Liverpool kicked off an hour ago.

PHR-V

2. kick off kicks off; kicking off; kicked off
If an event, game, series, or discussion kicks off , or is kicked off , it begins.

- The shows kick off on October 24th.

- The Mayor kicked off the party.

- We kicked off with a slap-up dinner.

PHR-V-ERG

3. kick off kicks off; kicking off; kicked off
If you kick off your shoes, you shake your feet so that your shoes come off.

- She stretched out on the sofa and kicked off her shoes.

PHR-V

4. kick off kicks off; kicking off; kicked off
To kick someone off an area of land means to force them to leave it. (INFORMAL)

- We can't kick them off the island.

PHR-V

kick off

verb Informal

begin

commence

get the show on the road

initiate

open

start

kick up ****

1. kick up kicks up; kicking up; kicked up
If you kick up a fuss about something, you make it very obvious that you are annoyed or dissatisfied.

- Those customers who have kicked up a fuss have received refunds.

- They kick up a rumpus and throw things at each other.

PHR-V

2. kick up kicks up; kicking up; kicked up
If you kick up dust or dirt, you create a cloud of dust or dirt as you move along a dusty road.

- He was kicking up dust every time he came out of the coppice.

PHR-V

kickback

[D.J.:ˈkɪkˌbæk]

[K.K.:ˈkɪkˌbæk]

n.

激烈反应

佣金;回扣

kickback *

kickback kickbacks
A kickback is a sum of money that is paid to someone illegally, for example money which a company pays someone to arrange for the company to be chosen to do an important job.

- Magistrates are investigating a nationwide web of alleged kickbacks and illegal party financing.

N-COUNT

kick boxing

kick boxing
Kick boxing is a type of boxing in which the opponents are allowed to kick as well as punch each other.
N-UNCOUNT also kickboxing

kick-off

n.

(足球)开球

kick-off *

1. kick-off kick-offs
In soccer, the kick-off is the time at which a particular game starts. (BRIT)

- The kick-off is at 1.30.

N-VAR (AM) kickoff

2. kick-off kick-offs
In American football, a kickoff is the kick that begins a play, for example at the beginning of a half or after a touchdown or field goal. (AM)
N-COUNT (AM) kickoff

3. kick-off
The kick-off of an event or activity is its beginning. (INFORMAL)

- The street is jammed with people awaiting the kick-off of the parade.

N-SING (AM) kickoff

kick-start

[D.J.:ˈkɪkˌstɑ:t]

[K.K.:ˈkɪkˌstɑrt]

vt.

用脚启动

kick-start *

1. kick-start kick-starts kick-starting kick-started
To kick-start a process that has stopped working or progressing is to take a course of action that will quickly start it going again.

- The President has chosen to kick-start the economy by slashing interest rates.

VB also kickstart .

2. kick-start kick-starts
Also a noun.

- The housing market needs a kick-start.

N-COUNT also kickstart .

3. kick-start kick-starts kick-starting kick-started
If you kick-start a motorcycle, you press the lever that starts it with your foot.

- He lifted the bike off its stand and kick-started it.

VB also kickstart .

kid

[D.J.:kid]

[K.K.:kɪd]

n.

小孩; 年轻人

小山羊; 小山羊皮

vt. & vi.

欺骗, 戏弄, 取笑

kidding

打捆;产羔

kid ****

1. kid kids
You can refer to a child as a kid . (INFORMAL)

- They've got three kids.

- All the kids in my class could read.

N-COUNT

2. kid
Young people who are no longer children are sometimes referred to as kids . (INFORMAL)

- There were gangs of kids on motorbikes roaming around.

- That's a lot for a kid of 22 to cope with.

N-COUNT; N-VOC

3. kid
You can refer to your younger brother as your kid brother and your younger sister as your kid sister. (INFORMAL)

- My kid sister woke up and started crying.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. kid kids kidding kidded
If you are kidding , you are saying something that is not really true, as a joke. (INFORMAL)

- I'm not kidding, Frank. There's a cow out there, just standing around.

- I'm just kidding.

- Are you sure you're not kidding me?

VB: usu cont

5. kid kids kidding kidded
If you kid someone, you tease them.

- He liked to kid Ingrid a lot.

- He used to kid me about being chubby.

VB

6. kid kids kidding kidded
If people kid themselves, they allow themselves to believe something that is not true because they wish that it was true.

- We're kidding ourselves, Bill. We're not winning, we're not even doing well.

- I could kid myself that you did this for me, but it would be a lie.

VB
= fool

7. kid kids
A kid is a young goat.
N-COUNT

8. kid
You can say ` No kidding ' to emphasize that what you are saying is true, or that you mean it. (INFORMAL)

- I'm scared. No kidding, really.

CONVENTION emphasis

9. kid
You can say ` No kidding? ' to show that you are interested or surprised when someone tells you something. (INFORMAL)

- `We won.' --- `No kidding?'

CONVENTION feelings

10. kid
You can say ` you've got to be kidding ' or ` you must be kidding ' to someone if they have said something that you think is ridiculous or completely untrue. (INFORMAL)

- You've got to be kidding! I can't live here!.

- `He's a mild inoffensive man isn't he?' --- `Oh you've gotta be kidding.'

PHR: V inflects feelings
= you've got to be joking

11. kid
You can say ` who is she kidding? ' or ` who is he trying to kid? ' if you think it is obvious that someone is not being sincere and does not mean what they say. (INFORMAL)

- She played the role of a meek, innocent, shy girl. I don't know who she was trying to kid.

- `Maybe tomorrow will be better,' I said, hanging up. `Who am I kidding?' I told Wolfe. `Tomorrow will be more of the same.'

PHR: V inflects

kid

noun Informal

child

baby

bairn

infant

teenager

tot

youngster

youth

kid

verb

tease

delude

fool

hoax

jest

joke

pretend

trick

wind up Brit. slang

kiddie

[D.J.:ˈkidi]

[K.K.:ˈkɪdi]

n.

小孩

kiddie

kiddie kiddies
A kiddie is a very young child. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also kiddy .

kiddo

[D.J.:ˈkidəu]

[K.K.:ˈkɪdo]

n.

老兄,老姐

kiddo

kiddo kiddos
You can call someone kiddo , especially someone who is younger than you, as a sign of affection. (INFORMAL, mainly AM)

- I'll miss you kiddo. Come back and see me.

N-VOC

kid gloves

kid gloves
If you treat someone or something with kid gloves , or if you give them the kid glove treatment, you are very careful in the way you deal with them.

- In presidential campaigns, foreign policy is treated with kid gloves.

- Some artists have to be handled with kid gloves.

- We must take off the kid gloves and smash these evil monsters once and for all.

N-PLURAL: oft with N

kidnap

[D.J.:ˈkidnæp]

[K.K.:ˈkɪdˌnæp]

vt.

诱拐, 绑架, 劫持

kidnapper

n.

拐子,绑匪

kidnapping

[D.J.:ˈkɪdnæpɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkɪdnæpɪŋ]

n.

诱拐,绑架

kidnap **

1. kidnap kidnaps kidnapping kidnapped
To kidnap someone is to take them away illegally and by force, and usually to hold them prisoner in order to demand something from their family, employer, or government.

- Police in Brazil uncovered a plot to kidnap him.

- The aim of the terrorists is to kidnap rather than kill.

- The kidnapped man was said to have been seized by five people.

VB (AM) also kidnaped , kidnaping
= abduct

2. kidnapper kidnappers

- His kidnappers have threatened that they will kill him unless three militants are released from prison.

N-COUNT
= abductor

3. kidnapping kidnappings

- Two youngsters have been arrested and charged with kidnapping.

N-VAR

4. kidnap kidnaps
Kidnap or a kidnap is the crime of taking someone away by force.

- Stewart denies attempted murder and kidnap.

- He was charged with the kidnap of a 25 year-old woman.

N-VAR
= abduction

kidnap

verb

abduct

capture

hijack

hold to ransom

seize

kidney

[D.J.:ˈkidni]

[K.K.:ˈkɪdni]

n.

肾, 肾脏

(可食用的动物的)腰子

kidneys

[ˈkidniz]

n.

肾形矿脉

kidney **

1. kidney kidneys
Your kidneys are the organs in your body that take waste matter from your blood and send it out of your body as urine.
N-COUNT

2. kidney kidneys
Kidneys are the kidneys of an animal, for example a lamb, calf, or pig, that are eaten as meat.

- ...lambs' kidneys.

- ...steak and kidney pie.

N-VAR

kidney bean

1. kidney bean kidney beans
Kidney beans are small, reddish-brown beans that are eaten as a vegetable. They are the seeds of a bean plant.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. kidney bean kidney beans
Kidney beans are long, very narrow beans that are green in colour and are eaten as a vegetable. They grow on a tall climbing plant and are the cases that contain the seeds of the plant. (AM; in BRIT use French beans )
N-COUNT

kill

[D.J.:kil]

[K.K.:kɪl]

vt. & vi.

杀死

vt.

使停止[结束, 失败]

破坏, 减弱, 抵消

killed

[D.J.:ˈkild]

[K.K.:kɪld]

adj.

被杀死的,断开的

killing

[D.J.:ˈkɪlɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkɪlɪŋ]

adj.

使人筋疲力尽的

极为有趣的,滑稽可笑的

n.

谋杀

make a killing

突然发大财；暴发

killingly

adv.

吸引人地

killingly

迷人地

kill *****

1. kill kills killing killed
If a person, animal, or other living thing is killed , something or someone causes them to die.

- More than 1,000 people have been killed by the armed forces.

- He had attempted to kill himself on several occasions.

- Cattle should be killed cleanly and humanely.

- The earthquake killed 62 people.

- Heroin can kill.

VB

2. killing

- There is tension in the region following the killing of seven civilians.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. kill kills
The act of killing an animal after hunting it is referred to as the kill .

- After the kill the men and old women collect in an open space and eat a meal of whale meat.

N-COUNT: usu sing

4. kill kills killing killed
If someone or something kills a project, activity, or idea, they completely destroy or end it.

- His objective was to kill the space station project altogether.

- Public opinion may yet kill the proposal.

VB

5. kill off kills off; killing off; killed off
To kill off means the same as to kill .

- He would soon launch a second offensive, killing off the peace process.

- The Government's financial squeeze had killed the scheme off.

PHR-V

6. kill kills killing killed
If something kills pain, it weakens it so that it is no longer as strong as it was.

- He was forced to take opium to kill the pain.

VB

7. kill kills killing killed
If you say that something is killing you, you mean that it is causing you physical or emotional pain. (INFORMAL)

- My feet are killing me.

VB: only cont

8. kill kills killing killed
If you say that you kill yourself to do something, you are emphasizing that you make a great effort to do it, even though it causes you a lot of trouble or suffering. (INFORMAL)

- You shouldn't always have to kill yourself to do well.

VB emphasis

9. kill kills killing killed
If you say that you will kill someone for something they have done, you are emphasizing that you are extremely angry with them.

- Tell Richard I'm going to kill him when I get hold of him.

VB emphasis

10. kill kills killing killed
If you say that something will not kill you, you mean that it is not really as difficult or unpleasant as it might seem. (INFORMAL)

- Three or four more weeks won't kill me!

VB

11. kill kills killing killed
If you are killing time, you are doing something because you have some time available, not because you really want to do it.

- I'm just killing time until I can talk to the other witnesses.

- To kill the hours while she waited, Ann worked in the garden.

VB

12. kill
If you say that you will do something if it kills you , you are emphasizing that you are determined to do it even though it is extremely difficult or painful.

- I'll make this marriage work if it kills me.

PHR: V inflects, PHR with cl emphasis

13. kill
If you say that you killed yourself laughing , you are emphasizing that you laughed a lot because you thought something was extremely funny. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects emphasis

14. kill
If you move in for the kill or if you close in for the kill , you take advantage of a changed situation in order to do something that you have been preparing to do.

- Seeing his chance, Dennis moved in for the kill.

PHR: V inflects

kill off *****

kill off kills off; killing off; killed off
If you say that a group or an amount of something has been killed off , you mean that all of them or all of it have been killed or destroyed.

- Their natural predators have been killed off.

- It is an effective treatment for the bacteria and does kill it off.

- All blood products are now heat treated to kill off any infection.

PHR-V

killing ***

1. killing killings
A killing is an act of deliberately killing a person.

- This is a brutal killing.

N-COUNT
= murder

2. killing
If you make a killing , you make a large profit very quickly and easily. (INFORMAL)

- They have made a killing on the deal.

PHR: V and N inflect

kill

verb

1.

slay

assassinate

butcher

destroy

execute

exterminate

liquidate

massacre

murder

slaughter

2.

suppress

extinguish

halt

quash

quell

scotch

smother

stifle

stop

killing

adjective

1.

tiring

debilitating

exhausting

fatiguing

punishing

2.

hilarious

comical

ludicrous

uproarious

noun

3.

slaughter

bloodshed

carnage

extermination

homicide

manslaughter

massacre

murder

slaying

4.

bonanza

bomb slang

cleanup informal

coup

gain

profit

success

windfall

killer

[D.J.:ˈkɪlə]

[K.K.:ˈkɪlɚ]

n.

凶手;杀人者

致命物

消灭…者;摧毁…者

<非正>极难的事

killer ***

1. killer killers
A killer is a person who has killed someone, or who intends to kill someone.

- The police are searching for his killers.

- He's a psychopath, a killer.

N-COUNT
= murderer

2. killer killers
You can refer to something that causes death or is likely to cause death as a killer .

- Heart disease is the biggest killer of men in most developed countries.

N-COUNT

killer

noun

assassin

butcher

cut-throat

executioner

exterminator

gunman

hit man slang

murderer

slayer

killer bee

killer bee killer bees
A killer bee is a type of bee which is very aggressive and likely to attack and sting people.
N-COUNT

killer instinct

killer instinct killer instincts
If you say that a sports player or politician has the killer instinct , you admire them for their toughness and determination to succeed.

- He quit the sport when he realised he didn't have the killer instinct.

N-VAR approval

killer whale

killer whale killer whales
A killer whale is a type of black and white whale.
N-COUNT

killjoy

[D.J.:ˈkildʒɔi]

[K.K.:ˈkɪlˌdʒɔɪ]

n.

扫兴的人,煞风景

killjoy

killjoy killjoys
If you call someone a killjoy , you are critical of them because they stop other people from enjoying themselves, often by reminding them of something unpleasant.

- Don't be such a killjoy!.

- This is a classic example of the killjoy attitudes of officialdom.

N-COUNT disapproval
= spoilsport

killjoy

noun Informal

spoilsport

dampener

wet blanket informal

kiln

[D.J.:kɪln, kɪl]

[K.K.:kɪln, kɪl]

n.

窑

kilnman

n.

烧窑工人

kilnman

[ˈkilnmən]

n.

烧窑工

kiln *

kiln kilns
A kiln is an oven that is used to bake pottery and bricks in order to make them hard.
N-COUNT

kilo

[D.J.:ˈkiləu]

[K.K.:ˈkilo]

n.

千克

kilo *

kilo kilos
A kilo is the same as a kilogram .

- He'd lost ten kilos in weight.

- ...a kilo of rice.

N-COUNT: num N

kilo-

[D.J.:ˈkiləu]

[K.K.:ˈkɪlo]

pref.

表示“千”之义

kilo-

kilo-
Kilo- is added to some nouns that refer to units of measurement in order to form other nouns referring to units a thousand times bigger.

- ...100 kilojoules of energy.

- ...an explosion of around 20 kilotons.

PREFIX

kilobyte

[D.J.:ˈkiləubait]

[K.K.:ˈkɪləˌbaɪt]

n.

千字节,1024字节

kilobytes

n.

千字节

kilobyte

kilobyte kilobytes
In computing, a kilobyte is one thousand bytes of data.
N-COUNT

kilogram

[ˈkiləuɡræm]

n.

千克

kilogram *

kilogram kilograms
A kilogram is a metric unit of weight. One kilogram is a thousand grams, or a thousandth of a metric ton, and is equal to 2.2 pounds.

- ...a parcel weighing around 4.5 kilograms.

- ...a kilogram of butter.

N-COUNT: num N, oft N of n also kilogramme .
= kilo

kilohertz

[D.J.:ˈkiləhə:ts]

[K.K.:ˈkɪləˌhɚts]

n.

千赫

kilohertz

kilohertz
A kilohertz is a unit of measurement of radio waves. One kilohertz is a thousand hertz.

- Their instruments detected very faint radiowaves at a frequency of 3 kilohertz.

N-COUNT: num N kilohertz is both the singular and the plural form

kilometre

[ˈkiləˌmi:tə]

n.

千米, 公里

kilometre ***

kilometre kilometres
A kilometre is a metric unit of distance or length. One kilometre is a thousand metres and is equal to 0.62 miles.

- ...about twenty kilometres from the border...

- The fire destroyed some 40,000 square kilometres of forest.

N-COUNT: num N (AM) kilometer

kilowatt

[D.J.:ˈkɪləˌwɔt]

[K.K.:ˈkɪləˌwɑt]

n.

千瓦

kilowatt

kilowatt kilowatts
A kilowatt is a unit of power. One kilowatt is a thousand watts.

- ...a prototype system which produces 25 kilowatts of power.

N-COUNT: num N, oft N of n

kilowatt-hour

[D.J.:ˈkiləuwɔtˈauə]

[K.K.:ˈkɪləwɑtˌaʊr]

n.

千瓦时,一度电(能量单位)

kilowatt-hour

kilowatt-hour kilowatt-hours
A kilowatt-hour is a unit of energy that is equal to the energy provided by a thousand watts in one hour.
N-COUNT

kilt

[D.J.:kɪlt]

[K.K.:kɪlt]

n.

苏格兰褶裥短裙

vt.

卷起(裙)

打直褶

kilter

[D.J.:ˈkiltə]

[K.K.:ˈkɪltɚ]

n.

〈主美〉良好状态,顺利,平衡

kilt

1. kilt kilts
A kilt is a skirt with a lot of vertical folds, traditionally worn by Scottish men. Kilts can also be worn by women and girls.
N-COUNT

2. kilter
If one thing is out of kilter with another, the first thing does not agree with or fit in with the second.

- Her lifestyle was out of kilter with her politics.

- President, parliament and public are out of kilter.

PHR: oft v-link PHR with n

3. kilter
If something or someone is out of kilter or off kilter , they are not completely right.

- Ignoring feelings of tiredness knocks our body clocks out of kilter.

- I'm a bit off-kilter at the moment.

PHR: oft v-link PHR

kimono

[D.J.:kəˈməʊnə, -nəʊ]

[K.K.:kəˈmonə, -no]

n.

(日本的)和服

和服式女晨衣

kimono

kimono kimonos
A kimono is an item of Japanese clothing. It is long, shaped like a coat, and has wide sleeves.
N-COUNT

kin

[kin]

n.

亲戚, 家族

kin *

kin
Your kin are your relatives. (OLD-FASHIONED or DIALECT)

- She has gone to live with her husband's kin.

N-PLURAL
= relatives

See also kith and kin , next of kin .

kin

noun

family

kindred

kinsfolk

relations

relatives

kind

[D.J.:kaind]

[K.K.:kaɪnd]

adj.

亲切的, 和蔼的, 友好的, 仁慈的

n.

种类

本质, 性质

kinder

[ˈkindər]

adv.

有一点,有几分

kindliness

[D.J.:ˈkaindlinis]

[K.K.:ˈkaɪndlinɪs]

n.

厚道,亲切,友好的行为

kindly

[D.J.:ˈkaɪndli:]

[K.K.:ˈkaɪndli]

adv.

亲切地, 和蔼地, 友好地, 仁慈地

(用作请求时的礼貌用语或把命令说成请求的反语)请

not take kindly to sb/sth

不喜欢某人/某事物；难以接受

adj.

亲切的, 和蔼的, 友好的, 仁慈的

kind 1 noun uses and phrases *****

1. kind kinds
If you talk about a particular kind of thing, you are talking about one of the types or sorts of that thing.

- The party needs a different kind of leadership.

- Had Jamie ever been in any kind of trouble?.

- I'm not the kind of person to get married.

- This book prize is the biggest of its kind in the world.

- Ear pain of any kind must never be ignored.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= sort

2. kind kinds
If you refer to someone's kind , you are referring to all the other people that are like them or that belong to the same class or set.

- I hate Lewis and his kind just as much as you do.

- I can take care of your kind.

N-COUNT: poss N disapproval
= sort

3. kind
You can use all kinds of to emphasize that there are a great number and variety of particular things or people.

- Adoption can fail for all kinds of reasons.

- Donations came from all kinds of people.

- All kinds of remarkable things began to happen.

PHR: PHR n emphasis
= all sorts of

4. kind
You use kind of when you want to say that something or someone can be roughly described in a particular way. (SPOKEN)

- It was kind of sad, really.

- She wasn't beautiful. But she was kind of cute.

- It kind of gives us an idea of what's happening.

PHR: PHR adj/adv/n, PHR before v vagueness
= sort of

5. kind
You can use of a kind to indicate that something is not as good as it might be expected to be, but that it seems to be the best that is possible or available.

- There is good news of a kind for the Prime Minister.

- She finds solace of a kind in alcohol.

PHR: n PHR
= of a sort

6. kind
If you refer to someone or something as one of a kind , you mean that there is nobody or nothing else like them.

- She's a very unusual woman, one of a kind. If she seems a little odd at times it's because her mind is on more important things.

PHR approval

7. kind
If you refer, for example, to two, three, or four of a kind , you mean two, three, or four similar people or things that seem to go well or belong together.

- They were two of a kind, from the same sort of background.

PHR

8. kind
If you respond in kind , you react to something that someone has done to you by doing the same thing to them.

- They hurled defiant taunts at the riot police, who responded in kind.

PHR: PHR after v

9. kind
If you pay a debt in kind , you pay it in the form of goods or services and not money.

- Inflation and the shortage of banknotes has forced factories to pay their workers in kind.

- ...benefits in kind.

PHR: PHR after v, n PHR

kind 2 adjective uses **

1. kind kinder kindest
Someone who is kind behaves in a gentle, caring, and helpful way towards other people.

- She is warmhearted and kind to everyone and everything.

- I must thank you for being so kind to me.

- It was very kind of you to come.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n, it v-link ADJ of n to-inf

2. kindly

- `You seem tired this morning, Jenny,' she said kindly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. kind kinder kindest
You can use kind in expressions such as please be so kind as to and would you be kind enough to in order to ask someone to do something in a firm but polite way.

- Please be so kind as to see to it that all the alterations are made at once!.

- I wonder if you'd be kind enough to call him.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ politeness

4. kind kinder kindest
Something that is kind emphasizes the good qualities in something, and perhaps makes it appear better than it really is.

- Summer clothes are invariably less kind to fuller figures.

ADJ-GRADED
= flattering

kindly **

1. kindly
A kindly person is kind, caring, and sympathetic.

- He was a stern critic but an extremely kindly man.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. kindliness

- His kindliness and warmth made him particularly effective with staff welfare.

N-UNCOUNT

3. kindly
If someone kindly does something for you, they act in a thoughtful and helpful way.

- He kindly carried our picnic in a rucksack.

- He had very kindly asked me to the cocktail party that evening.

ADV-GRADED: ADV before v

4. kindly
If someone asks you to kindly do something, they are asking you in a way which shows that they have authority over you, or that they are angry with you. (FORMAL)

- Will you kindly obey the instructions I am about to give?

ADV: ADV before v

5. kindly
If you look kindly on or look kindly upon someone or something, you support them or approve of what they are doing.

- Recent historical work looks kindly on the regime.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

6. kindly
If someone does not take kindly to something, they do not like it.

- She did not take kindly to being offered advice on her social life.

- It is hard to imagine her taking kindly to too much interference.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n/-ing

kind

adjective

considerate

benign

charitable

compassionate

courteous

friendly

generous

humane

kindly

obliging

philanthropic

tender-hearted

kind

noun

class

brand

breed

family

set

sort

species

variety

kindliness

noun

kindness

amiability

benevolence

charity

compassion

friendliness

gentleness

humanity

kind-heartedness

kindly

adjective

1.

good-natured

benevolent

benign

compassionate

helpful

kind

pleasant

sympathetic

warm

adverb

2.

politely

agreeably

cordially

graciously

tenderly

thoughtfully

kinda

[ˈkaində]

adv.

有一点,有几分

kinda

kinda
Kinda is used in written English to represent the words `kind of' when they are pronounced informally.

- I'd kinda like to have a sheep farm in New Mexico.

- He looked kinda cool but kinda young.

kindergarten

[D.J.:ˈkindəˌɡɑ:tən]

[K.K.:ˈkɪndɚˌɡɑrtn, -dn]

n.

幼儿园

kindergarten *

kindergarten kindergartens
A kindergarten is an informal kind of school for very young children, where they learn things by playing.

- She's in kindergarten now.

N-COUNT: also in/to/at N
= nursery

kind-hearted

[D.J.:ˈkaɪndˈhɑ:tɪd]

[K.K.:ˈkaɪndˈhɑrtɪd]

adj.

仁慈的;好心的

kind-heartedly

adv.

kind-heartedness

n.

kind-hearted

kind-hearted
If you describe someone as kind-hearted , you mean that they are kind, caring, and generous.

- He was a warm, generous and kind-hearted man.

ADJ-GRADED
= kind

kind-hearted

adjective

sympathetic

altruistic

compassionate

considerate

generous

good-natured

helpful

humane

kind

tender-hearted

kindle

[D.J.:ˈkɪndl]

[K.K.:ˈkɪndl..]

vt. & vi.

(使某物)燃烧, 着火

vt.

激起(感情等)

vi.

发亮, 放光

kindling

[D.J.:ˈkɪndlɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkɪndlɪŋ]

n.

引火柴

kindle

1. kindle kindles kindling kindled
If something kindles a particular emotion in someone, it makes them start to feel it.

- The second world war kindled his enthusiasm for politics.

- These poems have helped kindle the imagination of generations of children.

VB

2. kindle kindles kindling kindled
If you kindle a fire, you light paper or wood in order to start it.

- I came in and kindled a fire in the stove.

VB

kindling

kindling
Kindling is small pieces of dry wood and other materials that you use to start a fire.
N-UNCOUNT

kindle

verb

1.

set fire to

ignite

inflame

light

2.

arouse

awaken

induce

inspire

provoke

rouse

stimulate

stir

kindness

[D.J.:ˈkaindnis]

[K.K.:ˈkaɪndnɪs]

n.

亲切, 仁慈, 好意

友好的行为

kindness *

1. kindness
Kindness is the quality of being gentle, caring, and helpful.

- We have been treated with such kindness by everybody.

N-UNCOUNT

2. kindness kindnesses
A kindness is a helpful or considerate act.
N-COUNT

kindness

noun

goodwill

benevolence

charity

compassion

generosity

humanity

kindliness

philanthropy

understanding

kindred

[D.J.:ˈkɪndrɪd]

[K.K.:ˈkɪndrɪd]

n.

亲戚关系

adj.

同宗的, 同源的, 有关的

类似的, 相似的

kindred

1. kindred
Your kindred are your family, and all the people who are related to you. (OLD-FASHIONED or DIALECT)

- The offender made proper restitution to the victim's kindred.

N-UNCOUNT: with poss
= relatives

2. kindred
Kindred things are similar to each other. (FORMAL)

- I recall many discussions with her on these and kindred topics.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= similar

kindred

adjective

1.

similar

akin

corresponding

like

matching

related

noun

2.

family

kin

kinsfolk

relations

relatives

kindred spirit

kindred spirit kindred spirits
A kindred spirit is a person who has the same view of life or the same interests as you.
N-COUNT

kinetic

[D.J.:kɪˈnetɪk, kaɪ-]

[K.K.:kɪˈnɛtɪk, kaɪ-]

adj.

<物>动力的,由运动引起的

kinetic

kinetic
In physics, kinetic is used to describe something that is concerned with movement. (TECHNICAL)
ADJ: usu ADJ n

kinetic energy

kinetic energy
In physics, kinetic energy is the energy that is produced when something moves. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

king

[D.J.:kiŋ]

[K.K.:kɪŋ]

n.

君主, 国王

重要的人[动物, 事物]; 大王

king ****

1. king
A king is a man who is the most important member of the royal family of his country, and who is considered to be the Head of State of that country.

- The king and queen of Spain.

- In 1154, Henry II became King of England.

- ...King Albert.

N-TITLE; N-COUNT: oft the N of n

2. king kings
If you describe a man as the king of something, you mean that he is the most important person doing that thing or he is the best at doing it.

- He's the king of unlicensed boxing.

- He was the king of the big love song.

N-COUNT: the N of n

3. king kings
A king is a playing card with a picture of a king on it.

- ...the king of diamonds.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

4. king kings
In chess, the king is the most important piece. When you are in a position to capture your opponent's king, you win the game.
N-COUNT

5. king
If you say that someone lives like a king , you mean that they are able to live in a very comfortable or luxurious way.

- Executives lived like kings. The top thirty-one executives were paid a total of $14.2 million.

PHR: V and N inflect
a king's ransom : see ransom .

king

noun

ruler

emperor

monarch

sovereign

kingdom

[D.J.:ˈkiŋdəm]

[K.K.:ˈkɪŋdəm]

n.

王国

界

领域

kingdom **

1. kingdom kingdoms
A kingdom is a country or region that is ruled by a king or queen.

- The kingdom's power declined.

- ...the United Kingdom.

- ...the Kingdom of Denmark.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft in names

2. kingdom kingdoms
A kingdom is a place or area that is thought to be under the control of a person or organization.

- It was infamous as a kingdom of brigands, scoundrels, and slave-traders.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. kingdom
All the animals, birds, and insects in the world can be referred to together as the animal kingdom . All the plants can be referred to as the plant kingdom .
N-SING: usu n N

kingdom

noun

country

nation

realm

state

territory

kingfisher

[D.J.:ˈkɪŋˌfɪʃə]

[K.K.:ˈkɪŋˌfɪʃɚ]

n.

<动>翠鸟

kingfisher *

kingfisher kingfishers
A kingfisher is a brightly-coloured bird which lives near rivers and lakes and catches fish.
N-COUNT

kingly

[D.J.:ˈkɪŋlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈkɪŋlɪ]

adj.

国王的;适于君主身份的;国王似的;高贵的

kingly

kingly
Kingly means like a king, or related to the duties of a king. (LITERARY)

- Waving his arms in a kingly manner, he led his company back to the royal dwellings.

- They thought that he should resume his kingly duties.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

kingpin

[D.J.:ˈkiŋpin]

[K.K.:ˈkɪŋˌpɪn]

n.

中央木柱,主脑人物

kingpin

kingpin kingpins
If you describe someone as the kingpin of an organization, you mean that they are the most important person involved in it. (JOURNALISM)

- ...one of the alleged kingpins of Colombia's largest drugs ring.

- ...the Chicago crime kingpin.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, n N
= linchpin

kingship

[D.J.:ˈkiŋʃip]

[K.K.:ˈkɪŋˌʃɪp]

n.

王位,王权,君主的身份和尊严,君主政体

kingship

kingship
Kingship is the fact or position of being a king.

- He was unfitted by temperament and education for the duties of kingship.

N-UNCOUNT

king-size

[D.J.:ˈkɪ ŋsaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈkɪ ŋˌsaɪz]

adj.

特大的;特长的

数量等非常大的

king-size

king-size
A king-size or king-sized version of something is a larger size than the standard version, and may be the largest size available.

- ...a large bedroom with a king-size bed.

- ...king-size cigarettes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also king-sized .

kink

[D.J.:kiŋk]

[K.K.:kɪŋk]

n.

(绳、头发等的纽)结,(道路等的)弯曲,肌肉抽筋

v.

(使)纠结,(使)纽绞

kinking

[ˈkiŋkiŋ]

n.

弯纱;纽结(纱线疵点)

kinks

[kiŋks]

n.

操作指南

kink

1. kink kinks
A kink is a curve or twist in something which is otherwise or normally straight.

- ...a tiny black kitten with tufted ears and a kink in her tail.

N-COUNT: oft N in n

2. kink kinks kinking kinked
If something kinks or is kinked , it has, or it develops a curve or twist in it.

- ...her wet hair kinking in the breeze...

- Care when loading the roll is needed to prevent twisting or kinking the film.

- The kinked line in chart 1 represents this pattern.

V-ERG

3. kink kinks
A kink is a particular quality or feature of a person's mind or character, especially one which is thought to be unusual or abnormal. (INFORMAL)

- What kink did he have in his character?

N-COUNT

4. kink
If someone works out the kinks in a situation, they resolve the problems associated with it.

- ...working out the kinks of a potential trade agreement.

- ...joint sessions with her, to work out the kinks in the marriage.

PHR: V inflects

kink

noun

1.

twist

bend

coil

wrinkle

2.

quirk

eccentricity

fetish

foible

idiosyncrasy

vagary

whim

kinky

[D.J.:ˈkiŋki]

[K.K.:ˈkɪŋki]

adj.

卷曲的,古怪的

kinky

1. kinky kinkier kinkiest
If you describe something, usually a sexual practice or preference, as kinky , you mean that it is unusual and would be considered strange by most people. (INFORMAL)

- He had been engaging in some kind of kinky sexual activity.

- ...kinky underwear.

ADJ-GRADED

2. kinky kinkier kinkiest
Something that is kinky has a lot of curves or twists.

- He had red kinky hair.

ADJ-GRADED

kinky

adjective

1.

weird

eccentric

odd

outlandish

peculiar

queer

quirky

strange

2.

twisted

coiled

curled

tangled

kinsfolk

[D.J.:ˈkinzfəuk]

[K.K.:ˈkɪnzˌfok]

n.

亲属,血族

kinsfolk

kinsfolk
Your kinsfolk or kinfolk are the people who are related to you. (LITERARY)

- Poor Emily. Her kinsfolk should come to her.

- I sent my other son to the country to stay with kinfolk.

N-PLURAL: oft poss N The spellings kinfolk , and sometimes in American English kinfolks are also used.
= family relations

kinship

[D.J.:ˈkɪnˌʃɪp]

[K.K.:ˈkɪnˌʃɪp]

n.

亲属关系

(因起源或态度相似而产生的)亲切感

kinship

1. kinship
Kinship is the relationship between members of the same family.

- The ties of kinship may have helped the young man find his way in life.

- ...her kinship to the English King.

N-UNCOUNT

2. kinship
If you feel kinship with someone, you feel close to them, because you have a similar background or similar feelings or ideas.

- She evidently felt a sense of kinship with the woman.

- ...the warmth and kinship one farmer feels for another.

N-UNCOUNT
= bond

kinship

noun

1.

relation

consanguinity

kin

ties of blood

2.

similarity

affinity

association

connection

correspondence

relationship

kinsman

[D.J.:ˈkɪnzmən]

[K.K.:ˈkɪnzmən]

n.

家属,亲属

kinsman

kinsman kinsmen
Someone's kinsman is their male relative. (LITERARY or WRITTEN)
N-COUNT: oft with poss

kinswoman

[D.J.:ˈkinzˌwumən]

[K.K.:ˈkɪnzˌwʊmən]

n.

女性亲戚

kinswoman

kinswoman kinswomen
Someone's kinswoman is their female relative. (LITERARY or WRITTEN)
N-COUNT: oft poss N

kiosk

[D.J.:ˈki:ˌɔsk, ki:ˈɔsk]

[K.K.:ˈkiˌɑsk, kiˈɑsk]

n.

小摊棚, 售货亭

公用电话亭

kiosk *

1. kiosk kiosks
A kiosk is a small building or structure from which people can buy things such as sandwiches or newspapers through an open window.

- I was getting cigarettes at the kiosk.

N-COUNT

2. kiosk kiosks
A kiosk or a telephone kiosk is a public telephone box. (BRIT)

- He phoned me from a kiosk.

N-COUNT
= telephone box

kiosk

noun

booth

bookstall

counter

newsstand

stall

stand

kip

[D.J.:kɪp]

[K.K.:kɪp]

n.

<英,非正>睡觉

vi.

<英,非正>睡觉

kip down

在某处过夜；在(自己的床以外的地方)睡觉

kip

1. kip
Kip is sleep. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Mason went home for a couple of hours' kip.

N-SING: also no det
= sleep

2. kip kips kipping kipped
If you kip somewhere, usually somewhere that is not your own home or bed, you sleep there. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He moved from one friend's flat to another, first kipping on the floor of Theodore's studio.

VB
= sleep

kipper

[D.J.:ˈkipə]

[K.K.:ˈkɪpɚ]

n.

腌鱼

vt.

腌

kipper

kipper kippers
A kipper is a fish, usually a herring, which has been preserved by being hung in smoke.
N-COUNT

kirk

[D.J.:kə:k]

[K.K.:kɚk]

n.

教会,苏格兰教会

kirk

1. kirk kirks
A kirk is a church. (SCOTTISH)

- ...the eighteenth-century kirk across the road.

N-COUNT

2. kirk
The Kirk is the Church of Scotland, the main Protestant church in Scotland. (SCOTTISH)

- ...ministers of the Kirk.

N-PROPER: the N

kirsch

[D.J.:kiəʃ]

[K.K.:kɪrʃ]

n.

樱桃酒

kirsch

kirsch
Kirsch is a strong, colourless, alcoholic drink made from cherries which is usually drunk after a meal.
N-UNCOUNT

kiss

[D.J.:kis]

[K.K.:kɪs]

vt. & vi.

吻

n.

吻

kissing

[D.J.:ˈkisiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkɪsɪŋ]

adj.

接吻的

n.

开压边(内)浇口

kiss ***

1. kiss kisses kissing kissed
If you kiss someone, you touch them with your lips to show affection or sexual desire, or to greet them or say goodbye.

- She leaned up and kissed him on the cheek.

- She kissed me hard on the mouth.

- Her parents kissed her goodbye as she set off from their home.

- They kissed for almost half-a-minute.

- We kissed goodbye.

V-RECIP

2. kiss kisses
Also a noun.

- I put my arms around her and gave her a kiss.

- We gave each other hugs and kisses every morning.

N-COUNT

3. kiss kisses kissing kissed
If you kiss something, you touch it lightly with your lips, usually as a sign of respect.

- The men stepped forward to kiss the hand of their mentor.

- She bowed her head and kissed the Archbishop's ring.

VB

4. kiss kisses kissing kissed
If you say that something kisses another thing, you mean that it touches that thing very gently.

- The wheels of the aircraft kissed the runway.

VB

5. kiss
If you blow someone a kiss or blow a kiss , you touch the palm of your hand lightly with your lips, and then blow across your hand towards the person, in order to show them your affection.

- Maria blew him a kiss.

- Amy blew a kiss from the door.

PHR: V inflects

6. kiss
If say that you kiss something goodbye or kiss goodbye to something , you accept the fact that you are going to lose it, although you do not want to. (INFORMAL)

- I felt sure I'd have to kiss my dancing career goodbye.

PHR: V inflects

kiss

verb

1.

osculate

neck informal

peck informal

2.

brush

glance

graze

scrape

touch

noun

3.

osculation

peck informal

smacker slang

kiss-and-tell

[D.J.:ˈkɪsənˈtel]

[K.K.:ˈkisənˈtɛl]

adj.

(尤指回忆录)详细透露个人隐私的

kiss-and-tell

kiss-and-tell
If someone who has had a love affair with a famous person tells the story of that affair in public, for example in a newspaper or book, you can refer to this as a kiss-and-tell story.

- ...intimate photographs and kiss-and-tell revelations.

ADJ: ADJ n

kiss of death

kiss of death
If you say that a particular event is the kiss of death for something, you mean that it is certain to make them fail or be a disaster.

- The government fears these accusations will be the kiss of death for foreign sales of other such goods.

N-SING: usu the N, oft N for/to n

kiss of life

kiss of life
If you give someone who has stopped breathing the kiss of life , you put your mouth onto their mouth and breathe into their lungs to make them start breathing again. (BRIT; in AM use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation )

- Julia was given the kiss of life but she could not be revived.

N-SING: the N

kit

[D.J.:kit]

[K.K.:kɪt]

n.

衣物和装备

成套用品

配套元件

kit **

1. kit kits
A kit is a group of items that are kept together, often in the same container, because they are all used for similar purposes.

- Make sure you keep a well-stocked first aid kit ready to deal with any emergency.

- The kit consisted of about twenty cosmetic items and a lady's shaver.

N-COUNT: oft n N

2. kit
Kit is special clothing and equipment that you use when you take part in a particular activity, especially a sport. (mainly BRIT)

- I forgot my gym kit.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

3. kit kits
A kit is a set of parts that can be put together in order to make something.

- Her popular potholder is also available in do-it-yourself kits.

N-COUNT

4. kit
If someone gets their kit off or takes their kit off , they take off all their clothes. If they keep their kit on , they do not take off all their clothes, even though people may be expecting them to. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I don't like taking my kit off on screen.

- Back in the Fifties, social convention required that males models keep their kit on.

PHR: V inflects

kit

noun

equipment

apparatus

gear

paraphernalia

tackle

tools

kit out **

kit out kits out; kitting out; kitted out
If someone or something is kitted out , they have everything they need at a particular time, such as clothing, equipment, or furniture. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She was kitted out with winter coat, skirts, jumpers, nylon stockings.

- The place is kitted out in upmarket Italian cafe style.

PHR-V: usu passive
= fit out

kit out

verb

equip

accoutre

arm

deck out

fit out

fix up

furnish

provide with

supply

kitbag

[ˈkitbæɡ]

n.

旅行皮包,行囊,背包

kitbag

kitbag kitbags
A kitbag is a long narrow bag, usually made of canvas, in which soldiers or sailors keep their clothing and personal possessions. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

kitchen

[D.J.:ˈkitʃin]

[K.K.:ˈkɪtʃən]

n.

厨房

kitchen ****

kitchen kitchens
A kitchen is a room that is used for cooking and for household jobs such as washing dishes.
N-COUNT
See also soup kitchen .

kitchen cabinet

kitchen cabinet kitchen cabinets
Journalists sometimes refer to the unofficial advisers of a prime minister or president as that person's kitchen cabinet , especially if they disapprove of the influence that the advisers seem to have.
N-COUNT: usu singular disapproval

kitchenette

[D.J.:ˌkitʃiˈnet]

[K.K.:ˌkɪtʃəˈnɛt]

n.

小厨房

kitchenette

kitchenette kitchenettes
A kitchenette is a small kitchen, or a part of a larger room that is used for cooking.
N-COUNT

kitchen garden

kitchen garden kitchen gardens
A kitchen garden is a garden, or part of a garden, in which vegetables, herbs, and fruit are grown.
N-COUNT

kite

[D.J.:kait]

[K.K.:kaɪt]

n.

风筝

kite *

1. kite kites
A kite is an object, usually used as a toy, which is flown in the air. It consists of a light frame covered with paper or cloth and has a long string attached which you hold while the kite is flying.
N-COUNT

2. kite kites
A kite is a bird of prey which hunts and kills small animals for food.
N-COUNT

3. kite
If you say that someone is flying a kite , you are critical of them for putting forward new ideas just to see how people react, rather than with the intention of putting those ideas into practice. (mainly BRIT)

- The Government flies these kites of disinformation, then people feel grateful when the changes don't happen.

PHR: V and N inflect disapproval

4. kite
If you say that someone is as high as a kite , you mean that they are very excited or that they are greatly affected by alcohol or drugs.

- I felt so strange on the steroid injections. I was as high as a kite some of the time.

PHR: v-link PHR

Kitemark

n.

风筝标志

Kitemark

Kitemark
In Britain, the Kitemark is a symbol which is put on products that have met certain standards of safety and quality. (BRIT)
N-SING

kith and kin

kith and kin
You can refer to your friends and family as your kith and kin .
N-PLURAL

kitsch

[D.J.:kɪtʃ]

[K.K.:kɪtʃ]

n.

<德> ①(艺术、设计等的)俗气,矫饰等

俗气的艺术、设计等

kitsch *

1. kitsch
You can refer to a work of art or an object as kitsch if it is showy and thought by some people to be in bad taste.

- ...a hideous ballgown verging on the kitsch...

- Collectors of Fifties kitsch should pop over to Brussels for the flea market.

N-UNCOUNT

2. kitsch
Also an adjective.

- Blue and green eyeshadow has long been considered kitsch.

- ...kitsch pop culture.

ADJ-GRADED

kitten

[D.J.:ˈkitn]

[K.K.:ˈkɪtn]

n.

小猫

kitten *

kitten kittens
A kitten is a very young cat.
N-COUNT

kitty

[D.J.:ˈkiti]

[K.K.:ˈkɪti]

n.

赌注

共同的资金

〈口〉小猫

kitty

1. kitty kitties
A kitty is an amount of money gathered from several people, which is meant to be spent on things that these people will share or use together.

- You haven't put any money in the kitty for three weeks.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. kitty kitties
A kitty is the total amount of money which is bet in a gambling game, and which is taken by the winner or winners.

- Each month the total prize kitty is £13.5 million.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. kitty kitties
Kitty is sometimes used as an affectionate way of referring to a cat or kitten. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

kiwi

[D.J.:ˈki:wi:]

[K.K.:ˈkiwi]

n.

<动>几维;鹬鸵

新西兰人

猕猴桃

kiwi *

1. kiwi kiwis
A kiwi is a type of bird that lives in New Zealand. Kiwis cannot fly.
N-COUNT

2. kiwi kiwis
People who come from New Zealand are sometimes referred to as Kiwis . This use could cause offence. (BRIT, AUSTRALIAN)
N-COUNT

kiwi fruit

kiwi fruit kiwi fruits
A kiwi fruit is a fruit with a brown hairy skin and green flesh.
N-VAR kiwi fruit can also be used as the plural form

KKK

abbr.

Ku Klux Klan 三K党

KKK

abbr.

Ku Klux Klan 三K党

KKK

KKK
KKK is an abbreviation for Ku Klux Klan .
N-PROPER-COLL

Klansman

[D.J.:ˈklænzmən]

[K.K.:ˈklænzmən]

n.

三K党徒

Klansman

Klansman Klansmen
A Klansman is a man who is a member of the Ku Klux Klan.
N-COUNT

klatch

[D.J.:klɑ:tʃ,klætʃ]

[K.K.:klætʃ, klɑtʃ]

n.

(非正式的)聚会,谈话会

klatch

klatch klatches
A coffee klatch or Kaffee Klatsch is an informal social event at which people, usually women, talk and drink coffee. (AM)
N-COUNT: n N also klatsch

Kleenex

[D.J.:ˈkli:neks]

[K.K.:ˈkliˌnɛks]

n.

(商标)克里内克丝面巾纸

Kleenex

Kleenex
A Kleenex is a piece of soft tissue paper that is used as a handkerchief. (TRADEMARK)

- She reached for a Kleenex and blew her nose.

- ...a box of Kleenex.

N-COUNT Kleenex is both the singular and the plural form
= tissue

kleptomaniac

[ˌkleptəuˈmeiniæk]

n.

患偷窃狂者, 有偷窃癖者

kleptomaniac

kleptomaniac kleptomaniacs
A kleptomaniac is a person who cannot control their desire to steal things, usually because of a medical condition.
N-COUNT

kludge

[D.J.:klu:dʒ]

[K.K.:kludʒ]

n.

杂牌电脑,组装(计算)机

kludge

kludge kludges
You can refer to an unsophisticated but fairly effective solution to a problem as a kludge . Kludge is used especially to talk about solutions to computing problems.
N-COUNT

klutz

[D.J.:klʌts]

[K.K.:klʌts]

n.

〈美俚〉笨手笨脚的人,木头人,不善交际的人,傻瓜

klutz

klutz klutzes
You can refer to someone who is very clumsy or who seems stupid as a klutz . (mainly AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

km

abbr.

=kilometer(s)

km.

abbr.

kilometer 千米

km.

abbr.

kilometer 千米

km **

km
Km is a written abbreviation for kilometre .
The spelling km. is used in American English; km can also be used as the plural form.

knack

[D.J.:næk]

[K.K.:næk]

n.

窍门, 技巧

本事, 才能

knack *

knack knacks
A knack is a particularly clever or skilful way of doing something successfully, especially something which most people find difficult.

- He's got the knack of getting people to listen.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of/for n/-ing

knack

noun

skill

ability

aptitude

capacity

expertise

facility

gift

propensity

talent

trick

knacker

[D.J.:ˈnækə]

[K.K.:ˈnækɚ]

n.

屠马业者,收买废屋船业者

v.

杀死,使筋疲力尽

knacker

knacker knackers
A knacker is someone who buys up old horses and then kills them for their meat, bones, or leather. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Her horse was a show jumper whom the family rescued from the knacker's yard.

N-COUNT

knackered

[D.J.:ˈnækəd]

[K.K.:ˈnækəd]

adj.

<英><俚>筋疲力尽的

knackered

1. knackered
If you say that you are knackered , you are emphasizing that you are extremely tired. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I was absolutely knackered at the end of the match.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

2. knackered
If you say that something is knackered , you mean that it is completely broken or worn out. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- My tape player's knackered.

- ...faded pictures on a knackered TV set.

ADJ

knapsack

[D.J.:ˈnæpˌsæk]

[K.K.:ˈnæpˌsæk]

n.

(士兵或旅行者的)背包

knapsack

knapsack knapsacks
A knapsack is a canvas or leather bag that you carry on your back or over your shoulder, for example when you are walking in the countryside.
N-COUNT

knave

[D.J.:neɪv]

[K.K.:nev]

n.

恶棍,无赖

(纸牌中的)杰克

knavery

n.

knavish

adj.

knavery

[D.J.:ˈneivəri]

[K.K.:ˈnevəri]

n.

流氓行为

knavish

[ˈneiviʃ]

adj.

无赖(似)的,不正的

knave

1. knave knaves
If someone calls a man a knave , they mean that he is dishonest and should not be trusted. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT disapproval
= rogue scoundrel

2. knave knaves
In card games, knave is another word for jack . (mainly BRIT; in AM use jack )
N-COUNT

knave

noun

rogue

blackguard

bounder old-fashioned Brit. slang

rascal

rotter slang chiefly Brit.

scoundrel

villain

knead

[D.J.:ni:d]

[K.K.:nid]

vt.

揉, 捏(面团、湿粘土等)

按摩, 揉捏(肌肉等)

kneaded

揉捏了的,塑造了的

kneading

[ˈni:diŋ]

n.

捏炼;捏合

knead *

1. knead kneads kneading kneaded
When you knead dough or other food, you press and squeeze it with your hands so that it becomes smooth and ready to cook.

- Lightly knead the mixture on a floured surface.

VB

2. kneading

- Just how much kneading is required depends on the sort of flour.

N-UNCOUNT

3. knead kneads kneading kneaded
If you knead a part of someone's body, you press or squeeze it with your fingers.

- She felt him knead the aching muscles.

VB

knead

verb

squeeze

form

manipulate

massage

mould

press

rub

shape

work

knee

[D.J.:ni:]

[K.K.:ni]

n.

膝, 膝盖, 膝部

kneed

[ni:d]

adj.

有膝一般的关节的,有节的

kneeing

跪 跪式(射击)

knee ***

1. knee knees
Your knee is the place where your leg bends.

- He will receive physiotherapy on his damaged left knee.

- ...a knee injury.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

2. knee knees
If something or someone is on your knee or on your knees , they are resting or sitting on the upper part of your legs when you are sitting down.

- He sat with the package on his knees.

- I sat in the back of the taxi with my son on my knee.

N-COUNT: poss N, oft on N
= lap

3. knee knees
The knee on a piece of clothing is the part that covers your knee.

- ...jeans with holes at both knees.

N-COUNT

4. knee knees
If you are on your knees , your legs are bent and your knees are on the ground.

- She fell to the ground on her knees and prayed.

- She was on her knees in the kitchen.

N-PLURAL: poss N, usu on/to N

5. knee knees kneeing kneed
If you knee someone, you hit them using your knee.

- Ian kneed him in the groin.

VB

6. knee
If a country or organization is brought to its knees , it is almost completely destroyed by someone or something.

- The country was being brought to its knees by the loss of 2.4 million manufacturing jobs.

- Our aim is to bring this government to its knees, to force it to the negotiating table.

PHR: V inflects

kneecap

[D.J.:ˈni:kæp]

[K.K.:ˈniˌkæp]

n.

膝盖骨,护膝

kneecap

kneecap kneecaps
Your kneecaps are the bones at the front of your knees.
N-COUNT also knee-cap .

knee-capping

knee-capping knee-cappings
Knee-capping is the act of shooting someone in the knee, and is carried out by some terrorist organizations as a form of punishment.
N-VAR also kneecapping .

knee-deep

[D.J.:ˈni:ˈdi:p]

[K.K.:ˈniˈdip]

adj.

深及膝的,没膝程度的

knee-deep

1. knee-deep
Something that is knee-deep is as high as your knees.

- The water was only knee-deep.

- ...knee-deep snow.

ADJ

2. knee-deep
If a person or a place is knee-deep in something such as water, the level of the water comes up to a person's knees.

- They spent much of their time knee-deep in mud.

- They sometimes sank knee-deep into the marsh.

ADJ: v-link ADJ in n, ADJ after v

knee-high

[D.J.:ˈni:ˈhaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈniˈhaɪ]

adj.

高到膝的

knee-high

knee-high
Something that is knee-high is as tall or high as an adult's knees.

- ...a field of knee-high sunflowers.

ADJ

knee-jerk

n.

①膝反射的 ②下意识的,自动反应的

knee-jerk

knee-jerk
If you call someone's response to a question or situation a knee-jerk reaction, you mean that they react in a very predictable way, without thinking.

- The knee-jerk reaction to this is to call for proper security in all hospitals.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

kneel

[D.J.:ni:l]

[K.K.:nil]

vi.

跪

knelt

[D.J.:nelt]

[K.K.:nɛlt]

(kneel的过去式与过去分词)

kneel *

1. kneel kneels kneeling knelt
When you kneel , you bend your legs so that your knees are touching the ground.

- She knelt by the bed and prayed.

- Other people were kneeling, but she just sat.

- ...a kneeling position.

VB The forms kneeled and knelt can both be used for the past tense and past participle

2. kneel down; kneels down; kneeling down; knelt
Kneel down means the same as kneel .

- She kneeled down beside him.

PHR-V The forms kneeled and knelt can both be used for the past tense and past participle

knelt

knelt
Knelt is a past tense and past participle of kneel .

kneel

verb

genuflect

stoop

knees-up

n.

活跃的聚会

knees-up

knees-up knees-ups
A knees-up is a party or celebration. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= shindig

knew

[D.J.:nu:, nju:]

[K.K.:nu, nju]

(know的过去式)

know

[D.J.:nəu]

[K.K.:no]

vt. & vi.

知道, 懂得

vt.

认识, 了解, 熟悉

knowing

[D.J.:ˈnəʊɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈnoɪŋ]

adj.

(对别人不知道的秘密)知悉的,心照不宣的

世故的,狡猾的

there’s no knowing/saying/telling …

难以预料；无从知道；没法说

knowingly

[D.J.:ˈnəʊɪŋlɪ]

adv.

会意地

故意地;着意地

known

[D.J.:nəʊn]

[K.K.:non]

(know的过去分词)

adj.

大家知道的;已知的;知名的

make yourself known to sb

向某人作自我介绍

knew

knew
Knew is the past tense of know .

know *****

1. know knows knew known
If you know a fact, a piece of information, or an answer, you have it correctly in your mind.

- I don't know the name of the place.

- I know that you led a rifle platoon during the Second World War.

- `People like doing things for nothing.' --- `I know they do.'.

- I don't know what happened to her husband.

- `How did he meet your mother?' --- `I don't know.'.

- We all know about his early experiments in flying.

- They looked younger than I knew them to be.

- Radon is known to be harmful to humans in large quantities.

- It is not known whether the bomb was originally intended for the capital itself.

- It's always been known that key figures in the government do very well for themselves.

VB: no cont

2. know knows knew known
If you know someone, you are familiar with them because you have met them and talked to them before.

- Gifford was a friend. I'd known him for nine years.

- Do you two know each other?.

- He doesn't know anybody in London.

VB: no cont

3. know knows knew known
If you say that you know of something, you mean that you have heard about it but you do not necessarily have a lot of information about it.

- We know of the incident but have no further details.

- He said he did not know of any specific terrorist threat.

- I know of no one who would want to murder Albert.

VB: no cont

4. know knows knew known
If you know about a subject, you have studied it or taken an interest in it, and understand part or all of it.

- Hire someone with experience, someone who knows about real estate.

- She didn't know anything about music but she liked to sing.

VB: no cont

5. know knows knew known
If you know a language, you have learned it and can understand it.

- It helps to know French and Creole if you want to understand some of the lyrics.

- Rachel already knows as many words in German as she does in English.

- Her new classmates knew no Latin.

VB: no cont

6. know knows knew known
If you know something such as a place, a work of art, or an idea, you have visited it, seen it, read it, or heard about it, and so you are familiar with it.

- I don't know whether you know Birmingham well.

- I don't know the play, I've just come to see it.

VB: no cont

7. know knows knew known
If you know how to do something, you have the necessary skills and knowledge to do it.

- The health authorities now know how to deal with the disease.

- We know what to do to make it work.

VB: no cont

8. know knows knew known
You can say that someone knows that something is happening when they become aware of it.

- Then I saw a gun under the hall table so I knew something was wrong.

- The first I knew about it was when I woke up in the ambulance.

VB: no cont
= realize

9. know knows knew known
If you know something or someone, you recognize them when you see them or hear them.

- Would she know you if she saw you on the street?.

- I thought I knew the voice.

VB: no cont

10. know knows knew known
If someone or something is known as a particular name, they are called by that name.

- The disease is more commonly known as Mad Cow Disease.

- He was born as John Birks Gillespie, but everyone knew him as Dizzy.

- He was the only boy in the school who was known by his Christian name and not his surname.

- ...British Nuclear Fuels, otherwise known as BNFL.

VB: no cont

11. know knows knowing knew known
If you know someone or something as a person or thing that has particular qualities, you consider that they have those qualities.

- Lots of people know her as a very kind woman.

- We know them as inaccurate and misleading property descriptions.

- Kemp knew him for a meticulous officer.

VB

12. know knows knowing knew known
If you know someone as a person with a particular job or role, you are familiar with them in that job or role, rather than in any other.

- Most of us know her as the woman who used to present the television news.

- The soldiers -- all of whom we knew as neighbours -- stood around pointing guns at us.

VB

13. know
If you talk about a thing or system as we know it , you are referring to the form in which it exists now and which is familiar to most people.

- He planned to end the welfare system as we know it.

- ...those values of our culture that are essential to civilisation as we know it.

PHR: n PHR

14. know
If you get to know someone, you find out what they are like by spending time with them.

- The new neighbours were getting to know each other.

- I'd really like to see you again and get to know you better.

PHR: get inflects, PHR n

15. know
People use expressions such as goodness knows , Heaven knows , and God knows when they do not know something and want to suggest that nobody could possibly know it. (INFORMAL)

- `Who's he?' --- `God knows.'.

- Old Gunga spoke God knows how many languages.

- Heaven only knows what his mother would have said.

PHR: PHR as reply, PHR wh

16. know
You say ` I know ' to show that you agree with what has just been said.

- `This country is so awful.' --- `I know, I know.'

CONVENTION

17. know
You say ` I know ' to show that you accept that something is true, but think that it is not very important or relevant.

- `There are trains straight from Cambridge.' --- `I know, but it's no quicker.'

CONVENTION

18. know
You use ` I know ' to express sympathy and understanding towards someone.

- I'm sorry, George. I know how you feel.

- I know what you're going through.

PHR: PHR wh/that

19. know
You can use I don't know to indicate that you do not completely agree with something or do not really think that it is true.

- `He should quite simply resign.' --- `I don't know about that.'.

- I don't know that it's made the decision any easier.

PHR: usu PHR about n, PHR that

20. know
You can say ` I don't know about you ' to indicate that you are going to give your own opinion about something and you want to find out if someone else feels the same.

- I don't know about the rest of you, but I'm hungry.

- I don't know about you, but I've had just about enough of this.

PHR: PHR but cl

21. know
You use I don't know in expressions which indicate criticism of someone's behaviour. For example, if you say that you do not know how someone can do something, you mean that you cannot understand or accept them doing it.

- I don't know how he could do this to his own daughter.

- I don't know how you can say that.

- I don't know what those folk think they are playing at.

PHR: PHR wh disapproval

22. know
People sometimes use expressions such as I'm blessed if I know or damned if I know to emphasize the fact that they do not know something. (INFORMAL)

- `What was that all about?' --- `Darned if I know.'.

- I'm damned if I know what plans he has in that direction.

PHR: oft PHR as reply, PHR wh emphasis

23. know
If you are in the know about something, especially something that is not known about or understood by many people, you have information about it.

- It was gratifying to be in the know about important people.

- He takes crucial decisions without consulting people in the know.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

24. know
You can use expressions such as you know what I mean and if you know what I mean to suggest that the person listening to you understands what you are trying to say, and so you do not have to explain any more.

- None of us stayed long. I mean, the atmosphere wasn't -- well, you know what I mean.

- She was a bit stuck up, know what I mean?

CONVENTION

25. know
You say ` You never know ' or ` One never knows ' to indicate that it is not definite or certain what will happen in the future, and to suggest that there is some hope that things will turn out well.

- You never know, I might get lucky.

- There might be an even bigger one -- I doubt it, but you never know.

CONVENTION vagueness

26. know
You say ` Not that I know of ' when someone has asked you whether or not something is true and you think the answer is `no' but you cannot be sure because you do not know all the facts.

- `Is he married?' --- `Not that I know of.'

CONVENTION vagueness

27. know
You can say ` How was I to know? ', or in British English ` I wasn't to know ', to mean that you cannot be blamed or criticized for something you did, because you did not have enough information to realize that it was wrong.

- How was I to know you'd return so suddenly?.

- You weren't to know -- in fact, I think I'm the only person who does know.

PHR: oft PHR cl, PHR wh

28. know
You can use expressions such as What does she know? and What do they know? when you think that someone has no right to comment on a situation because they do not understand it.

- Don't listen to him, what does he know?.

- I always felt his attitude was, `What do you know about it?'

PHR: oft PHR about n disapproval

29. know
People sometimes say ` What do you know! ' when they are very surprised about something. (INFORMAL)

- Well, what do you know!

EXCLAM feelings

30. know
You use you know to emphasize or to draw attention to what you are saying. (SPOKEN)

- The conditions in there are awful, you know.

- You know, it does worry me.

CONVENTION emphasis

31. know
People use you know when they are uncertain about what they are saying or what they are going to say next. (SPOKEN)

- He's generous and, you know, very nice, very polite.

- I thought I'd, you know, have a chat with you.

CONVENTION

32. know
You use you know when you are trying to explain more clearly what you mean, by referring to something that the person you are talking to knows about. (SPOKEN)

- Wear the white dress, you know, the one with all the black embroidery.

CONVENTION

33. know
You can say ` You don't know ' in order to emphasize how strongly you feel about the remark you are going to make. (SPOKEN)

- You don't know how good it is to speak to somebody from home.

PHR: PHR wh emphasis

knowing

1. knowing
A knowing gesture or remark is one that shows that you understand something, for example the way that someone is feeling or what they really mean, even though it has not been mentioned directly.

- Ron gave her a knowing smile.

- Dan exchanged a knowing look with Harry.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. knowingly

- He smiled knowingly.

ADV-GRADED

knowingly *

knowingly
If you knowingly do something wrong, you do it even though you know it is wrong.

- He repeated that he had never knowingly taken illegal drugs.

ADV: ADV before v

known

1. known
Known is the past participle of know .

2. known
You use known to describe someone or something that is clearly recognized by or familiar to all people or to a particular group of people.

- ...He was a known drug dealer...

- He became one of the best known actors of his day.

- Lead was one of the metals known to the ancient world.

- This plant has long been known for its medicinal qualities.

- The sport is still little known.

ADJ: ADJ n, v-link ADJ prep, v-link adv ADJ

3. known
If someone or something is known for a particular achievement or feature, they are familiar to many people because of that achievement or feature.

- He is better known for his film and TV work.

ADJ: v-link ADJ for n/-ing

4. known
If you let it be known that something is the case, or you let something be known , you make sure that people know it or can find out about it.

- The Prime Minister has let it be known that he is against it.

- He let his preference be known to the press.

PHR

know

verb

1.

realize

comprehend

feel certain

notice

perceive

recognize

see

understand

2.

be acquainted with

be familiar with

have dealings with

have knowledge of

recognize

knowing

adjective

meaningful

expressive

significant

knowingly

adverb

deliberately

consciously

intentionally

on purpose

purposely

wilfully

wittingly

known

adjective

famous

acknowledged

avowed

celebrated

noted

recognized

well-known

knickers

[D.J.:ˈnɪkəz]

[K.K.:ˈnɪkəz]

n.

(女用)内裤

灯笼裤

get/have your knickers in a twist

(面对困境)恼火，烦闷，慌乱

knickers *

1. knickers
Knickers are a piece of underwear worn by women and girls which have holes for the legs and elastic around the waist to hold them up. (BRIT; in AM use panties )

- She bought Ann two bras and six pairs of knickers.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N The form knicker is used as a modifier

2. knickers
If someone is getting their knickers in a twist about something, they are getting annoyed or upset about it without good reason. (INFORMAL, BRIT, HUMOROUS)

- The company, which makes its money on 3,000 grocery lines has its knickers in a twist about Sunday trading.

PHR: V inflects The form knicker is used as a modifier

knickers

plural noun

underwear

bloomers

briefs

drawers

panties

smalls

knick-knacks

knick-knacks
Knick-knacks are small objects which people keep as ornaments or toys, rather than for a particular use.

- Her flat is spilling over with knick-knacks.

N-PLURAL (AM) usually knickknacks

knife

[D.J.:naif]

[K.K.:naɪf]

n.

刀

vt.

切割, 刺

knifing

[ˈnaifiŋ]

n.

刮涂,刮膜;切深,切割

knives

[D.J.:naivz]

[K.K.:naɪvz]

n.

刀子

knife ***

1. knife knives
A knife is a tool for cutting or a weapon and consists of a flat piece of metal with a sharp edge on the end of a handle.

- ...a knife and fork...

- Two robbers broke into her home, held a knife to her throat and stole her savings.

N-COUNT knives is the plural form of the noun

2. knife knifes knifing knifed
To knife someone means to attack and injure them with a knife.

- Dawson takes revenge on the man by knifing him to death.

- She was knifed in the back six times.

VB knifes is the third person singular of the present tense of the verb

3. knife knives
If you go under the knife , you have an operation in a hospital.

- Kelly was about to go under the knife when her surgeon stopped everything.

PHR: PHR after v knives is the plural form of the noun

4. knife
If someone does something like a knife through butter or like a hot knife through butter , they do it very easily.

- Spending by Japanese companies has left them more competitive than companies in other nations. They will be cutting through the competition like a hot knife through butter.

PHR: knife inflects, PHR after v

5. knife
If you have been in a place where there was a very tense atmosphere, you can say that you could have cut the atmosphere with a knife . (mainly BRIT)

- Officials hung the flag upside down. You could have cut the atmosphere with a knife.

PHR

6. knife
If a lot of people want something unpleasant to happen to someone, for example if they want them to lose their job, you can say that the knives are out for that person. (mainly BRIT)

- The Party knives are out for the leader.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR for n knives is the plural form of the noun

7. knife
If you twist the knife or if you turn the knife in someone's wound , you do or say something to make an unpleasant situation they are in even more unpleasant.

- Hearing his own plans was like having a knife turned in his wound.

- It is the turn of Latvia to twist the knife.

PHR: V inflects

knifing

knifing knifings
A knifing is an incident in which someone is attacked and injured with a knife.
N-COUNT
= stabbing

See also knife .

knives

Knives is the plural of knife .

knife

noun

1.

blade

cutter

verb

2.

cut

lacerate

pierce

slash

stab

wound

knife-edge

[D.J.:ˈnaɪfˌedʒ]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪfˌɛdʒ]

n.

刀口,锋利的边缘

knife-edge

1. knife-edge
To be on a knife-edge means to be in a situation in which nobody knows what is going to happen next, or in which one thing is just as likely to happen as another. (mainly BRIT)

- His future remains on a knife edge.

- The game is poised on a knife-edge. One mistake or one piece of good luck could decide it.

PHR: oft v-link PHR also knife edge .

2. knife-edge
You can use knife-edge to refer to something that is very exciting or tense because you do not know what is going to happen next. (mainly BRIT)

- Tonight's knife-edge vote could be uncomfortably close.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n also knife edge .

knifeman

knifeman knifemen
A knifeman is someone who has attacked or killed someone with a knife. (BRIT, mainly JOURNALISM)

- A crazed knifeman attacked three policewomen.

N-COUNT: usu sing

knifepoint

[D.J.:ˈnaifpɔint]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪfˌpɔɪnt]

n.

刀尖

knifepoint

knifepoint
If you are attacked or robbed at knifepoint , someone threatens you with a knife while they attack or steal from you. (JOURNALISM)

- A 15-year-old girl was attacked at knifepoint in a subway.

- He held her at knifepoint and threatened to kill her.

PHR: PHR after v also knife-point .

knight

[D.J.:nait]

[K.K.:naɪt]

n.

(中古时代的)武士, 骑士

爵士

(国际象棋中)马, 有马头的棋子

vt.

封…为爵士

knight **

1. knight knights
In medieval times, a knight was a man of noble birth, who served his king or lord in battle.
N-COUNT

2. knight knights knighting knighted
If someone is knighted , they are given a knighthood.

- He was knighted in the Queen's birthday honours list in June 1988.

VB: usu passive

3. knight knights
A knight is a man who has been knighted.
N-COUNT

4. knight knights
In chess, a knight is a piece which is shaped like a horse's head.
N-COUNT

5. knight
If you refer to someone as a knight in shining armour , you mean that they are kind and brave, and likely to rescue you from a difficult situation.

- The love songs tricked us all into believing in happy endings and knights in shining armor.

PHR: knight inflects

knighthood

[D.J.:ˈnaɪtˌhʊd]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtˌhʊd]

n.

爵士〔骑士〕头衔〔品位、身份〕

knighthood *

knighthood knighthoods
A knighthood is a title that is given to a man by a British king or queen for his achievements or his service to his country. A man who has been given a knighthood can put `Sir' in front of his name instead of `Mr'.
N-COUNT

knit

[D.J.:nit]

[K.K.:nɪt]

vt. & vi.

编结, 编织

(使)紧密地结合

knitter

[D.J.:ˈnɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈnɪtɚ]

n.

编织者

编织机器

knitting

[D.J.:ˈnɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈnɪtɪŋ]

n.

编结物

knit **

1. knit knits knitting knitted
If you knit something, especially an article of clothing, you make it from wool or a similar thread by using two knitting needles or a machine.

- I had endless hours to knit and sew.

- I have already started knitting baby clothes.

- She knitted him 10 pairs of socks to take with him.

- During the war, Joan helped her mother knit scarves for soldiers.

- She pushed up the sleeves of her grey knitted cardigan and got to work.

VB

2. knit
Also a combining form.

- Ferris wore a heavy knit sweater.

- ...a cotton-knit sweater.

- ...hand-knit garments.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

3. knitter knitters

- Pattern charts with small print are often difficult for older knitters to use.

N-COUNT

4. knit knits knitting knitted
If someone or something knits things or people together, they make them fit or work together closely and successfully.

- The best thing about sport is that it knits the whole family close together.

- Ordinary people have some reservations about their president's drive to knit them so closely to their neighbors.

VB

5. knit
Also a combining form.

- ...a closer-knit European Community.

- ...a tightly knit society.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

6. knit knits knitting knitted
When broken bones knit , the broken pieces grow together again.

- The bone hasn't knitted together properly.

- ...broken bones that have failed to knit.

VB

7. knit
If you knit your brows or knit your eyebrows , you frown because you are angry or worried. (LITERARY)

- They knitted their brows and started to grumble.

- Billy's eyebrows knitted together in a little frown.

PHR: V inflects The past tense can be either knit or knitted

knitting *

1. knitting
Knitting is something, such as an article of clothing, that is being knitted.

- She had been sitting with her knitting at her fourth-floor window.

N-UNCOUNT: usu poss N

2. knitting
Knitting is the action or process of knitting.

- Take up a relaxing hobby, such as knitting.

- ...knitting patterns.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

knit

verb

1.

join

bind

fasten

intertwine

link

tie

unite

weave

2.

wrinkle

crease

furrow

knot

pucker

knitting needle

knitting needle knitting needles
Knitting needles are thin plastic or metal rods which you use when you are knitting.
N-COUNT

knitwear

[D.J.:ˈnɪtˌweə]

[K.K.:ˈnɪtˌwɛr]

n.

针织品

knitwear

knitwear
Knitwear is clothing that has been knitted.

- ...expensive Italian knitwear.

N-UNCOUNT

knob

[D.J.:nɔb]

[K.K.:nɑb]

n.

(门、抽屉的)球形把手, 球形柄

(收音机等的)旋钮

小块

knob *

1. knob knobs
A knob is a round handle on a door or drawer which you use in order to open or close it.

- He turned the knob and pushed against the door.

N-COUNT

2. knob knobs
A knob is a rounded lump or ball on top of a post or stick.

- A loose brass knob on the bedstead rattled.

N-COUNT

3. knob knobs
A knob is a round switch on a piece of machinery or equipment.

- ...the volume knob.

N-COUNT

4. knob knobs
A knob of butter is a small amount of it. (mainly BRIT)

- Top the steaming hot potatoes with a knob of butter.

N-COUNT: N of n

knob

noun

lump

bump

hump

knot

projection

protrusion

stud

knobbly

[ˈnɔbli]

adj.

有节的,棘手的

knobbly

knobbly
Something that is knobbly or knobby has lumps on it which stick out and make the surface uneven.

- ...knobbly knees.

- ...potatoes that are very knobbly and difficult to peel.

ADJ-GRADED The form knobby is also used.

knock

[D.J.:nɔk]

[K.K.:nɑk]

n.

短促的敲打(声)

爆震声

vt. & vi.

敲, 击, 打

vt.

批评, 数落, 非难

knocker

[D.J.:ˈnɔkə]

[K.K.:ˈnɑkɚ]

n.

门环

吹毛求疵的人

knockers

[ˈnɔkəz]

n.

〈俚〉(女人的)一对乳房(用此词会冒犯女性)

knocking

[ˈnɔkiŋ]

n.

爆震音,卡答卡答的故障声音

knock ***

1. knock knocks knocking knocked
If you knock on something such as a door or window, you hit it, usually several times, to attract someone's attention.

- She went directly to Simon's apartment and knocked on the door.

- Knock at my window at eight o'clock and I'll be ready.

- He knocked before going in.

VB

2. knock knocks
Also a noun.

- They heard a knock at the front door.

N-COUNT

3. knocking

- They were wakened by a loud knocking at the door.

N-SING: also no det

4. knock knocks knocking knocked
If you knock something, you touch or hit it roughly, especially so that it falls or moves.

- She accidentally knocked the tea tin off the shelf.

- The baby was knocked from his father's arms.

- Isabel rose so abruptly that she knocked down her chair.

- Buckets of roses had been knocked over.

VB

5. knock knocks
Also a noun.

- The bags have tough exterior materials to protect against knocks, rain and dust.

N-COUNT

6. knock knocks knocking knocked
If someone knocks two rooms or buildings into one, or knocks them together, they make them form one room or building by removing a wall.

- They decided to knock the two rooms into one.

- The spacious kitchen was achieved by knocking together three small rooms.

VB

7. knock knocks knocking knocked
To knock someone into a particular position or condition means to hit them very hard so that they fall over or become unconscious.

- The third wave was so strong it knocked me backwards.

- They were knocked to the ground and robbed of their wallets.

- Someone had knocked him unconscious.

VB

8. knock knocks knocked
To knock a particular quality or characteristic out of someone means to make them lose it.

- The stories of his links with the actress had knocked the fun out of him.

- When they first joined for training many were starry eyed about just sailing around the world. We soon knocked that out of them.

- Those people hurt me and knocked my confidence.

VB: no cont

9. knock knocks knocking knocked
If something knocks , it makes a repeated sharp banging noise.

- His old truck, knocking and smoking, pulled down the road and out of sight.

VB

10. knock knocks knocking knocked
If you knock something or someone, you criticize them and say unpleasant things about them. (INFORMAL)

- I'm not knocking them: if they want to do it, it's up to them.

- Never knock charter flights; they are opening up the world for budget-conscious travellers.

VB

11. knocker knockers

- This season he's more determined that ever to prove the knockers wrong.

N-COUNT

12. knock knocks
If someone receives a knock , they have an unpleasant experience which prevents them from achieving something or which causes them to change their attitudes or plans.

- I can remember it feeling a real knock to my self-confidence that they said I wasn't academically up to being a teacher.

- The art market has suffered some severe knocks during the past two years.

N-COUNT
= blow

13. knock
To knock them dead means to impress people a great deal, especially with your appearance. (INFORMAL)

- Glamorous make-up is best reserved for days when you want to go all out to knock 'em dead.

PHR: V inflects

14. knock
If you tell someone to knock it off , you are telling them to stop doing something that is annoying you. (INFORMAL)

- Will you just knock it off!

PHR
= cut it out

knocker

knocker knockers
A knocker is a piece of metal on the front door of a building, which you use to hit the door in order to attract the attention of the people inside.
N-COUNT
See also knock .

knock

verb

1.

hit

belt informal

cuff

punch

rap

smack

strike

thump

2.

criticize

abuse

belittle

censure

condemn

denigrate

deprecate

disparage

find fault

run down

noun

3.

blow

clip

clout informal

cuff

rap

slap

smack

thump

4.

setback

defeat

failure

rebuff

rejection

reversal

knock around ***

1. knock around knocks around; knocking around; knocked around
If someone knocks you around or knocks you about , they hit or kick you several times. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He lied to me constantly and started knocking me around.

PHR-V (BRIT) also knock about

2. knock around knocks around; knocking around; knocked around
If someone knocks around or knocks about somewhere, they spend time there, experiencing different situations or just passing time.

- ...reporters who knock around in troubled parts of the world...

- They knock around on weekends in grubby sweaters and pants.

- I know nothing about him except that he knocked about South Africa for a while.

PHR-V

3. knock around knocks around; knocking around; knocked around
If someone or something is knocking around or knocking about , they are present in a particular place. (mainly BRIT)

- There were a couple of decent kits knocking around, but this wasn't one of them!.

- His paintings look as if they have been knocking around for centuries.

PHR-V: only cont

4. knock around knocks around; knocking around; knocked around
If you knock around or knock about with someone, you spend your spare time with them, either because you are one of their friends or because you are their boyfriend or girlfriend. (mainly BRIT)

- I used to knock about with all the lads from round where Mum lives.

- They were knocking around together for about a year before they started living together.

PHR-V-RECIP

knock back ***

1. knock back knocks back; knocking back; knocked back
If you knock back a drink, especially an alcoholic one, you drink it quickly, and often in large amounts. (INFORMAL)

- He was knocking back his 10th gin and tonic of the day.

- She poured some vodka into a glass and knocked it back in two swallows.

PHR-V

2. knock back knocks back; knocking back; knocked back
If an event, situation, or person knocks you back , they prevent you from progressing or achieving something. (mainly BRIT)

- It seemed as though every time we got rolling something came along to knock us back.

- That really knocked back any hope for further peace negotiations for a while.

PHR-V

knock down ***

1. knock down knocks down; knocking down; knocked down
If someone is knocked down or is knocked over by a vehicle or its driver, they are hit by a car and fall to the ground, and are often injured or killed.

- He died in hospital after being knocked down by a car.

- A drunk driver knocked down and killed two girls.

- A car knocked him over.

PHR-V
= run over

2. knock down knocks down; knocking down; knocked down
To knock down a building or part of a building means to demolish it.

- Why doesn't he just knock the wall down?.

- They have since knocked down the shack and built a modern villa on the site.

PHR-V
= demolish

3. knock down knocks down; knocking down; knocked down
To knock down a price or amount means to decrease it. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use bring down )

- The market might abandon the stock, and knock down its price.

- It manages to knock rents down to $1 per square foot.

PHR-V

knock down

verb

demolish

destroy

fell

level

raze

knock off ***

1. knock off knocks off; knocking off; knocked off
To knock off an amount from a price, time, or level means to reduce it by that amount.

- Udinese have knocked 10% off admission prices.

- He has knocked 10 seconds off the world record.

- When pressed they knock off 10 per cent.

PHR-V

2. knock off knocks off; knocking off; knocked off
If you knock something off a list or document, you remove it.

- Tighter rules for benefit entitlement have knocked many people off the unemployment register.

PHR-V

3. knock off knocks off; knocking off; knocked off
If someone knocks something off , they steal it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Cars can be stolen almost as easily as knocking off a bike.

PHR-V

4. knock off knocks off; knocking off; knocked off
To knock off a house, factory, or shop means to break into it and steal money or property. (INFORMAL, mainly BRIT)

- ...two nervous teenagers knocking off a caf´e.

PHR-V

5. knock off knocks off; knocking off; knocked off
When you knock off , you finish work at the end of the day or before a break. (INFORMAL)

- If I get this report finished I'll knock off early.

- What time do you knock off?

PHR-V

6. knock off knocks off; knocking off; knocked off
If someone knocks someone else off , they kill them. (INFORMAL)

- He had many motives for wanting to knock off Yvonne.

- People don't just knock one another off like this unless there's big money at stake.

PHR-V

knock off

verb

1.

stop work

clock off

clock out

finish

2.

steal

nick slang chiefly Brit.

pinch

rob

thieve

knock out ***

1. knock out knocks out; knocking out; knocked out
To knock someone out means to cause them to become unconscious or to go to sleep.

- He was arguing with his girlfriend and she hit him with a frying pan! Nearly knocked him out.

- The three drinks knocked him out.

- He had never been knocked out in a professional fight.

PHR-V

2. knock out knocks out; knocking out; knocked out
If a person or team is knocked out of a competition, they are defeated in a game, so that they take no more part in the competition.

- Henri Leconte has been knocked out in the quarter-finals of the Geneva Open.

- The Irish came so close to knocking England out of the European Championships.

PHR-V
See also knockout .

3. knock out knocks out; knocking out; knocked out
If something is knocked out by enemy action or bad weather, it is destroyed or stops functioning because of it.

- Our bombers have knocked out the mobile launchers.

- A storm has made roads treacherous and knocked out power.

PHR-V

knock together ***

knock together knocks together; knocking together; knocked together
If you knock something together , you make it or build it very quickly, using whatever materials are available. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Find Bernie and get him to knock an agreement together.

- ...a shelter knocked together using wooden doors and door frames.

PHR-V
= knock up

knock up ***

1. knock up knocks up; knocking up; knocked up
If you knock something up , you make it or build it very quickly, using whatever materials are available. (INFORMAL)

- Could you possibly knock me up some scrambled eggs?.

- Any water-skiing enthusiast can knock up a pair of skis in a few hours.

PHR-V
= knock together

2. knock up knocks up; knocking up; knocked up
If you knock someone up , you knock on the door of their bedroom or of their house in the night or in the morning in order to wake them up. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He went to knock Rob up at 4.30am.

PHR-V

3. knock up knocks up; knocking up; knocked up
If a woman is knocked up by a man, she is made pregnant by him. (mainly AM, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- When I got knocked up, the whole town knew it.

PHR-V: usu passive

knockabout

[D.J.:ˈnɔkəbaut]

[K.K.:ˈnɑkəˌbaʊt]

adj.

粗用的,喧闹的,到处闲荡的

n.

闹剧,小游艇,流浪汉

knockabout

knockabout
Knockabout comedy is lively and often involves people doing funny things, rather than saying them. (mainly BRIT)

- He gave one of his best knockabout performances in a long time.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

knockabout

adjective Informal

boisterous

farcical

riotous

rollicking

slapstick

knockback

n.

拒绝

knockback

knockback knockbacks
A knockback is a problem or a rejection which delays your progress or which reverses some of the progress you have made.

- The schedule has suffered a knockback.

- I must have made more than 100 phone calls and I didn't get a single knockback.

N-COUNT also knock-back

knockdown

[D.J.:ˈnɔkˈdaun]

[K.K.:ˈnɑkˌdaʊn]

adj.

极低的,猛的,可拆开的

n.

价格的压低,船的破损

knockdown

1. knockdown
A knockdown price is much lower than it would be normally. (INFORMAL)

- ...the chance to buy it now at a knockdown price...

- He bought the three mansions for a knockdown £4.7 million.

ADJ: ADJ n also knock-down .

2. knockdown knockdowns
In boxing, a knockdown is a blow that makes one of the fighters fall to the ground for a short time before getting up again.
N-COUNT also knock-down .

knock-kneed

adj.

内弯足的,八字脚的

knock-kneed

knock-kneed
Someone who is knock-kneed has legs which turn inwards at the knees.
ADJ-GRADED

knock-on

[ˈnɔkˈɔn]

n.

用手(或臂)向前击球(一种犯规动作)

knock-on *

knock-on
If there is a knock-on effect, one action or event causes several other events to happen one after the other. (BRIT)

- The peseta's problems had a knock-on effect on the escudo.

- ...a knock-on boost to the economy.

ADJ: ADJ n

knockout

[D.J.:ˈnɔˈkaut]

[K.K.:ˈnɑkˌaʊt]

n.

击昏,击倒,摧毁性

adj.

〈美俚〉击倒的,引人注目的,杰出的,迷人的

knockout *

1. knockout knockouts
In boxing, a knockout is a situation in which a boxer wins the fight by making his opponent fall to the ground and be unable to stand up before the referee has counted to ten.
N-COUNT: also by N also knock-out .

2. knockout
A knockout blow is an action or event that completely defeats an opponent.

- He delivered a knockout blow to all of his rivals.

ADJ: ADJ n also knock-out .

3. knockout
A knockout competition is one in which the players or teams that win continue playing until there is only one winner left. (mainly BRIT; in AM use elimination )

- ...the European Cup, a knockout competition between the top teams in Europe.

ADJ: ADJ n also knock-out .

4. knockout
If you describe someone or something as a knockout , you think that they are extremely attractive or impressive. (INFORMAL)

- She was a knockout in navy and scarlet.

- The first story is a knockout.

N-SING: a N also knock-out . approval

knockout

noun

1.

killer blow

coup de grâce

KO or K.O. slang

2.

success

hit

sensation

smash

smash hit

triumph

winner

knoll

[D.J.:nəʊl]

[K.K.:nol]

n.

小圆丘,小土墩

knoll

knoll
A knoll is a low hill with gentle slopes and a rounded top. (LITERARY)

- ...a grassy knoll.

- ...on Nibley Knoll.

N-COUNT; N-IN-NAMES

knot

[D.J.:nɔt]

[K.K.:nɑt]

n.

结

一小群人

硬节, 节瘤

节, 海里/小时

vt. & vi.

(使)打结, 缠结

knotted

[ˈnɔtid]

adj.

有节的,多节的,棘手的

knotting

[ˈnɔtiŋ]

n.

结形花边

knot **

1. knot knots
If you tie a knot in a piece of string, rope, cloth, or other material, you pass one end or part of it through a loop and pull it tight.

- One lace had broken and been tied in a knot.

N-COUNT

2. knot knots knotting knotted
If you knot a piece of string, rope, cloth, or other material, you pass one end or part of it through a loop and pull it tight.

- He knotted the laces securely together.

- He knotted the bandanna around his neck.

- ...a knotted rope.

VB

3. knot knots
A knot of people is a group of people who are standing very close together. (WRITTEN)

- A little knot of men stood clapping.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

4. knot knots
If you feel a knot in your stomach, you get an uncomfortable tight feeling in your stomach, usually because you are afraid or excited.

- There was a knot of tension in his stomach.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

5. knot knots knotting knotted
If your stomach knots or if something knots it, it feels tight because you are afraid or excited.

- I felt my stomach knot with apprehension.

- The old dread knotted her stomach.

V-ERG

6. knot knots knotting knotted
If part of your face or your muscles knot , they become tense, usually because you are worried or angry.

- His forehead knotted in a frown.

- ...his knotted muscles.

VB

7. knot knots
A knot in a piece of wood is a small hard area where a branch grew.
N-COUNT

8. knot knots
A knot is a unit of speed. The speed of ships, aircraft, and winds is measured in knots.

- They travel at speeds of up to 30 knots.

- ...thirteen knot winds.

N-COUNT: usu num N

9. knot
If you tie yourself in knots , you get very confused and anxious. (INFORMAL)

- The press agent tied himself in knots trying to apologise.

PHR: V inflects

10. knot
If you say that two people tie the knot , you mean that they get married. (INFORMAL)

- Len tied the knot with Kate five years ago.

PHR: V inflects
= get spliced

knot

noun

1.

connection

bond

joint

ligature

loop

tie

2.

cluster

bunch

clump

collection

verb

3.

tie

bind

loop

secure

tether

knotty

[D.J.:ˈnɔti:]

[K.K.:ˈnɑti]

adj.

(指木材)多结节的,多节瘤的

困难的,棘手的

knotty

1. knotty knottier knottiest
A knotty problem is complicated and difficult to solve.

- The new management team faces some knotty problems.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= thorny

2. knotty
Knotty wood has a lot of small hard areas on it where branches once grew.

- ...the knotty trunk of a hawthorn tree.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

know-all

[D.J.:ˈnəʊɔ:l]

[K.K.: ˈnoˌɔl]

adj.

<口>假装或自称无所不知的

n.

<口>假装或自称无所不知的人

know-all *

know-all know-alls
If you say that someone is a know-all , you are critical of them because they think that they know a lot more than other people. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use know-it-all )
N-COUNT disapproval

know-how

[D.J.:ˈnəʊˌhaʊ]

[K.K.:ˈnoˌhaʊ]

n.

<口>技术

实际知识;技能;本事;窍门

know-how ***

know-how
Know-how is knowledge of the methods or techniques of doing something, especially something technical or practical. (INFORMAL)

- He hasn't got the know-how to run a farm.

- ...technical know-how.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp (AM) knowhow
= expertise

know-how

noun

capability

ability

aptitude

expertise

ingenuity

knack

knowledge

savoir-faire

skill

talent

know-it-all

[D.J.:ˈnəʊɪtˌɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈnoɪtˌɔl]

adj.

<口>假装或自称无所不知的

n.

<口>假装或自称无所不知的人

know-it-all

know-it-all know-it-alls
If you say that someone is a know-it-all , you are critical of them because they think that they know a lot more than other people. (INFORMAL) (AM; in BRIT use know-all )
N-COUNT disapproval

knowledge

[D.J.:ˈnɔlidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈnɑlɪdʒ]

n.

了解, 理解

个人的知识[学识, 见闻]

学问

knowledge ****

1. knowledge
Knowledge is information and understanding about a subject which a person has, or which all people have.

- She disclaims any knowledge of her husband's business concerns.

- ...the quest for scientific knowledge.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. knowledge
If you say that something is true to your knowledge or to the best of your knowledge , you mean that you believe it to be true but it is possible that you do not know all the facts.

- Alec never carried a gun to my knowledge.

- To the best of my knowledge, Gloria did not make these comments.

PHR: PHR with cl/group

3. knowledge
If you do something safe in the knowledge that something else is the case, you do the first thing confidently because you are sure of the second thing. (WRITTEN)

- On warm summer nights you can ventilate your room, safe in the knowledge that your window is secure.

PHR: PHR after v, usu PHR that

knowledge

noun

1.

learning

education

enlightenment

erudition

instruction

intelligence

scholarship

wisdom

2.

acquaintance

familiarity

intimacy

knowledgeable

[D.J.:ˈnɔlɪdʒəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈnɑlɪdʒəbəl]

adj.

博学的;有见识的;知识渊博的

knowledgeably

adv.

knowledgeably

[D.J.:ˈn ɔlɪd ʒəblɪ]

[K.K.:ˈn ɑlɪd ʒəblɪ]

adj.

知识渊博地;有见识地

knowledgeable *

1. knowledgeable
Someone who is knowledgeable has or shows a clear understanding of many different facts about the world or about a particular subject.

- Do you think you are more knowledgeable about life than your parents were at your age?.

- If you don't know much about cars, take a knowledgeable friend along.

ADJ-GRADED
= well-informed

2. knowledgeably

- Kaspar had spoken knowledgeably about the state of agriculture in Europe.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

knowledgeable

adjective

1.

well-informed

au fait

aware

clued-up informal

cognizant

conversant

experienced

familiar

in the know informal

2.

intelligent

educated

erudite

learned

scholarly

knuckle

[D.J.:ˈnʌkl]

[K.K.:ˈnʌkəl]

n.

(指人)指关节

(指动物)膝关节, 踝

knuckle *

knuckle knuckles
Your knuckles are the rounded pieces of bone that form lumps on your hands where your fingers join your hands, and where your fingers bend.

- Brenda's knuckles were white as she gripped the arms of the chair.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft poss N
a rap on the knuckles : see rap .

knuckle down *

knuckle down knuckles down; knuckling down; knuckled down
If someone knuckles down , they begin to work or study very hard, especially after a period when they have done very little work. (INFORMAL)

- The only thing to do was knuckle down and get on with some serious hard work.

- He managed to knuckle down to his lessons long enough to pass his examination.

PHR-V

knuckle under *

knuckle under knuckles under; knuckling under; knuckled under
If you knuckle under , you do what someone else tells you to do or what a situation forces you to do, because you realize that you have no choice. (INFORMAL)

- It is arguable whether the rebels will knuckle under.

- The United States, he said, did not knuckle under to demands.

PHR-V
= give in

knuckle-duster

n.

指节铜套(一种可以伤人的武器)

knuckle-dusters

n.

指节铜套(一种打架时用的凶器)

knuckle-duster

knuckle-duster knuckle-dusters
A knuckle-duster is a piece of metal that is designed to be worn on the back of a person's hand as a weapon, so that if they hit someone they will hurt them badly. (mainly BRIT; in AM use brass knuckles )
N-COUNT also knuckleduster .

KO

[D.J.:ˈkeɪˈəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈkeˈo]

abbr.

kick out 出局

KO

1. KO KO's
KO is an abbreviation for knockout .

- 34 of his wins were KO's.

N-COUNT

2. KO KO's KO'd
To KO someone means to hit them so hard that they become unconscious. (INFORMAL)

- He KO'd Nathan Mann in the third round.

VB

koala

[D.J.:kəʊˈɑ:lə]

[K.K.:koˈɑlə]

n.

树袋熊

koala

koala koalas
A koala or a koala bear is an Australian animal which looks like a small bear with grey fur and lives in trees.
N-COUNT

kohl

[D.J.:kəul]

[K.K.:kol]

n.

化妆墨,眼影粉

kohl

kohl
Kohl is a cosmetic used to make a dark line along the edges of someone's eyelids.
N-UNCOUNT

kohlrabi

[D.J.:ˈkəulˈrɑ:bi]

[K.K.:kolˈrɑbi, -ˈræbi]

n.

大头菜

kohlrabi

kohlrabi
Kohlrabi is a green vegetable that has a round ball of leaves like a cabbage. It has a thick stem that you boil in water before eating.
N-VAR kohlrabi is both the singular and the plural form

kook

[D.J.:ku:k]

[K.K.:kuk]

n.

〈美口〉怪人,疯子,傻瓜

n.

怪癖的,疯狂的,愚蠢的

kook

kook kooks
You can refer to someone who you think is slightly strange or eccentric as a kook . (mainly AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

kooky

[D.J.:ˈku:ki]

[K.K.:ˈkuki]

adj.

怪人的,乖僻的

kooky

kooky
Someone who is kooky is slightly strange or eccentric, but often in a way which makes you like them. (INFORMAL)

- It's slightly kooky, but I love it.

- She's been mocked for her kooky ways.

ADJ-GRADED

Koran

[D.J.:kɔˈrɑ:n]

n.

《古兰经》《可兰经》(伊斯兰教经典)

Koranic

adj.

《可兰经》的

Koranic

adj.

(伊斯兰教)可兰经的

Koran *

Koran
The Koran is the sacred book on which the religion of Islam is based.
N-PROPER: the N

Koranic

Koranic
Koranic is used to describe something which belongs or relates to the Koran.

- ...Koranic schools.

ADJ: ADJ n

Korean

[D.J.:kəˈri:ən, kɔ:-, kəʊ-]

[K.K.:kəˈriən, kɔ-, ko-]

n.

朝鲜人,朝鲜国民

朝鲜语

adj.

朝鲜的,朝鲜人的,朝鲜语的

Korean ***

1. Korean
Korean means belonging or relating to North or South Korea, or to their people, language, or culture.
ADJ

2. Korean Koreans
A Korean is a North or South Korean citizen, or a person of North or South Korean origin.
N-COUNT

3. Korean
Korean is the language spoken by people who live in North and South Korea.
N-UNCOUNT

kosher

[D.J.:ˈkəuʃə]

[K.K.:ˈkoʃɚ]

adj.

犹太教所规定允许的,合适的

vt.

使合适

kosher

1. kosher
Something, especially food, that is kosher is approved of or allowed by the laws of Judaism.

- ...a kosher butcher.

ADJ

2. kosher
Something that is kosher is generally approved of or considered to be correct. (INFORMAL)

- I guessed something wasn't quite kosher.

- Acting was not considered a kosher trade for a girl from a well-to-do Victorian family.

ADJ-GRADED

kowtow

[D.J.:kaʊˈtaʊ, ˈkaʊˌtaʊ]

[K.K.:kaʊˈtaʊ, ˈkaʊˌtaʊ]

vi.

叩头, 磕头;顺从；惟命是从

kowtow to sb/sth

(对…)卑躬屈膝，俯首帖耳

kowtow

kowtow kowtows kowtowing kowtowed
If you say that someone kowtows to someone else, you are criticizing them because they are too eager to obey or be polite to someone in authority. (INFORMAL)

- See how stupidly they kow-tow to persons higher in the hierarchy.

VB also kow-tow . disapproval

kph

abbr.

(=kilometers per hour) 千米/小时,公里/小时

(=knots per hour) 节/小时

kph

kph
kph is written after a number to indicate the speed of something such as a vehicle. kph is an abbreviation for `kilometres per hour'.

Kremlin

[D.J.:ˈkremlin]

[K.K.:ˈkrɛmlɪn]

n.

克里姆林宫

Kremlin **

1. Kremlin
The Kremlin is the building in Moscow where Russian government business takes place.

- ...a two hour meeting in the Kremlin.

N-PROPER: the N

2. Kremlin
The Kremlin is also used to refer to the central government of Russia and of the former Soviet Union.

- The Kremlin is still insisting on a diplomatic solution to the crisis.

N-PROPER: the N

krypton

[D.J.:ˈkriptɔn]

[K.K.:ˈkrɪpˌtɑn]

n.

氪

krypton

krypton
Krypton is an element that is found in the air in the form of a gas. It is used in fluorescent lights and lasers.
N-UNCOUNT

kudos

[D.J.:ˈku:ˌdəʊz, -ˌdəʊs, -ˌdɔs, ˈkju:-]

[K.K.:ˈkuˌdoz, -ˌdos, -ˌdɑs, ˈkju-]

n.

荣誉,光荣,赞誉

kudos *

kudos
Kudos is admiration or recognition that someone or something gets as a result of a particular action or achievement.

- ...a new hotel chain that has won kudos for the way it treats guests.

N-UNCOUNT

Ku Klux Klan

Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan is a secret organization of white Protestant men in the United States which promotes violence against black people, Jews, and other minorities.
N-PROPER-COLL: oft the N

kung fu

kung fu
Kung fu is a Chinese way of fighting in which people use only their bare hands and feet.

- He decides to study kung fu.

- ...kung fu films.

N-UNCOUNT

Kuwaiti

[kuˈweiti,kəˈwaiti]

n.

科威特人

adj.

科威特的,科威特人的

Kuwaiti ***

1. Kuwaiti
Kuwaiti means belonging or relating to Kuwait, or to its people or culture.
ADJ

2. Kuwaiti Kuwaitis
A Kuwaiti is a Kuwaiti citizen, or a person of Kuwaiti origin.
N-COUNT

l

[el]

n.

字母l

L, l

1. L, l L's, l's
L is the twelfth letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

2. L, l L's, l's
L is the symbol for `learner driver' in Britain. A large red `L' on a white background is attached to cars in which people are learning to drive.
N-VAR

3. L, l
L or l is used as an abbreviation for words beginning with l, such as `litre' and `lire'.

La

Lanthanun镧

La.

abbr.

Louisiana 美国路易斯安娜州州名

La.

abbr.

Louisiana 美国路易斯安娜州州名

La.

La.
La. is a written abbreviation for lane , and is used especially in addresses and on maps or signs. (BRIT)

- Andy's Records, 14-16 Lower Goat La., Norwich.

Lab.

[D.J.:læb]

[K.K.:læb]

唇的,唇音的,唇形的,唇状的

工党党员,劳工谘询委员会

lab

[D.J.:læb]

[K.K.:læb]

n.

实验室

lab.

[D.J.:læb]

[K.K.:læb]

abbr.

=label(ing)

=labor(atory)

labs

[læbs]

n.

洗印厂

lab **

1. lab labs
A lab is the same as a laboratory .
N-COUNT

2. Lab
In Britain, Lab is the written abbreviation for Labour .

- ...David Blunkett, MP for Sheffield (Lab).

label

[D.J.:ˈleibəl]

[K.K.:ˈlebəl]

n.

标签, 标记

称号; 符号; 标示

vt.

贴标签于

把…列为

labelled

v.

贴上标签

labelling

示踪

labelling

贴标签

label ***

1. label labels
A label is a piece of paper or plastic that is attached to an object in order to give information about it.

- He peered at the label on the bottle.

N-COUNT

2. label labels labelling labelled
If something is labelled , a label is attached to it giving information about it.

- The stuff has never been properly logged and labelled.

- The produce was labelled `Made in China'.

- All the products are labelled with comprehensive instructions.

VB: usu passive (AM) labeling , labeled

3. label labels labelling labelled
If you say that someone or something is labelled as a particular thing, you mean that people generally describe them that way and you think that this is unfair.

- Too often the press are labelled as bad boys.

- Certain estates are labelled as undesirable.

- They are afraid to contact the social services in case they are labelled a problem family.

- If you venture from `feminine' standards, you are labelled aggressive, hostile, mannish, and worse.

VB: usu passive (AM) labeling , labeled disapproval
= brand

4. label labels
If you say that someone gets a particular label , you mean that people show disapproval of them by describing them with a critical word or phrase.

- Her treatment of her husband earned her the label of the most hated woman in America.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

5. label labels
You can refer to a company that produces and sells records as a particular label .

- She landed a contract with record label EMI.

- It was on the Virgin label.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

label

noun

1.

tag

marker

sticker

ticket

verb

2.

mark

stamp

tag

laboratory

[D.J.:ləˈbɔrətəri]

[K.K.:ˈlæbrəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

n.

实验室

laboratory ***

1. laboratory laboratories
A laboratory is a building or a room where scientific experiments, analyses, and research are carried out.
N-COUNT

2. laboratory laboratories
A laboratory in a school, college, or university is a room containing scientific equipment where students are taught science subjects such as chemistry.
N-COUNT

Labor Day

Labor Day
In the United States, Labor Day is a public holiday in honour of working people. It is the first Monday in September.
N-UNCOUNT

laborious

[D.J.:ləˈbɔ:ri:əs, -ˈbəʊr-]

[K.K.:ləˈbɔriəs, -ˈbor-]

adj.

勤劳的;困难的, 费力的

laboriously

[D.J.:ləˈb ɔ:rɪəslɪ]

[K.K.:ləˈb ɔrɪəslɪ]

adv.

艰苦地,费力地;辛勤地

(文体等)佶屈聱牙地,不流畅地

laborious *

1. laborious
If you describe a task or job as laborious , you mean that it takes a lot of time and effort.

- Keeping the garden tidy all year round can be a laborious task.

ADJ-GRADED

2. laboriously

- He sat behind a desk laboriously writing with an Army issue pen.

- ...the embroidery she'd worked on so laboriously during the long winter nights.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

laborious

adjective

hard

arduous

backbreaking

exhausting

onerous

strenuous

tiring

tough

wearisome

labor union

labor union labor unions
A labor union is an organization that represents the rights and interests of workers to their employers, for example in order to improve working conditions or wages. (AM; in BRIT use trade union )
N-COUNT

labour

[D.J.:ˈleibə]

[K.K.:ˈlebɚ]

n.

劳动, 努力; 工作

劳工, 工人

分娩, (分娩时的)阵痛

vi.

劳动; 努力

艰难行进

laboured

[ˈleibəd]

adj.

吃力的,谨慎的

labouring

[ˈleibəriŋ]

n.

劳动,操劳

labour *****

1. labour
If you do something as a labour of love , you do it because you really want to and not because of any reward you might get for it, even though it involves hard work.

- ...the labour of seeding, planting and harvesting...

- The chef at the barbecue looked up from his labours; he was sweating.

- Writing this book has been a great pleasure, a true labour of love.

PHR (AM) labor
See also hard labour .

2. labour labours labouring laboured
Someone who labours works hard using their hands.

- ...peasants labouring in the fields...

- Her husband laboured at the plant for 17 years.

VB (AM) labor

3. labour labours labouring laboured
If you labour to do something, you do it with difficulty.

- For twenty-five years now he has laboured to build a religious community.

- ...a young man who's labouring under all kinds of other difficulties.

VB (AM) labor
= struggle

4. labour
Labour is used to refer to the workers of a country or industry, considered as a group.

- Latin America lacked skilled labour.

- ...the struggle between capital and labour...

- They were cheap labour.

N-UNCOUNT: oft supp N (AM) labor

5. labour
The work done by a group of workers or by a particular worker is referred to as their labour .

- Every man should receive a fair price for the product of his labour.

- The unemployed cannot withdraw their labour -- they have no power.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N (AM) labor

6. labour
In Britain, people use Labour to refer to the Labour Party .

- He believes that, historically, Labour has been most successful as the party that helped people get on in life.

- They all vote Labour.

N-PROPER-COLL (AM) labor

7. labour
A Labour politician or voter is a member of a Labour Party or votes for a Labour Party.

- ...a Labour MP...

- Millions of Labour voters went unrepresented.

ADJ (AM) labor

8. labour labours labouring laboured
If you labour under a delusion or misapprehension, you continue to believe something which is not true.

- She laboured under the illusion that I knew what I was doing.

- You seem to be labouring under considerable misapprehensions.

VB (AM) labor

9. labour labours labouring laboured
If you labour a point or an argument, you keep making the same point or saying the same thing, although it is unnecessary.

- I don't want to labour the point but there it is.

VB (AM) labor

10. labour
Labour is the last stage of pregnancy, in which the baby is gradually pushed out of the womb by the mother.

- By the time people knew she was in labour, it was too late.

- Some women prefer to move about during labour.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) labor

laboured

1. laboured
If someone's breathing is laboured , it is slow and seems to take a lot of effort.

- From his slow walk and laboured breathing, Ginny realized he was far from well.

ADJ-GRADED

2. laboured
If something such as someone's writing or speech is laboured , they have put too much effort into it so it seems awkward and unnatural.

- The prose of his official communications was so laboured, pompous and verbose.

- Daniel's few encounters with Gold had been characterized by a laboured politeness.

ADJ-GRADED

labour

noun

1.

work

industry

toil

2.

workers

employees

hands

labourers

workforce

3.

childbirth

delivery

parturition

verb

4.

work

endeavour

slave

strive

struggle

sweat informal

toil

usually with under 5.

be disadvantaged

be a victim of

be burdened by

suffer

6.

overemphasize

dwell on

elaborate

overdo

strain

laboured

adjective

forced

awkward

difficult

heavy

stiff

strained

labour camp

labour camp labour camps
A labour camp is a kind of prison, where the prisoners are forced to do hard, physical work, usually outdoors.
N-COUNT (AM) labor camp

labourer

[D.J.:ˈleɪbrə]

[K.K.:ˈlebrɚ]

n.

(尤指户外的)体力劳动者,劳工,工人

labourer *

labourer labourers
A labourer is a person who does a job which involves a lot of hard physical work.

- He has worked as a labourer in factories and on building sites.

- Her husband had been a farm labourer.

N-COUNT: oft supp N (AM) laborer

labourer

noun

worker

blue-collar worker

drudge

hand

manual worker

navvy Brit. informal

labour force *

labour force labour forces
The labour force consists of all the people who are able to work in a country or area, or all the people who work for a particular company.

- Unemployment in Britain rose to 8.1% of the labour force.

N-COUNT: usu sing

labour-intensive

labour-intensive
Labour-intensive industries or methods of making things involve a lot of workers. Compare capital-intensive .

- Construction remains a relatively labour-intensive industry.

ADJ-GRADED

labour market *

labour market labour markets
When you talk about the labour market , you are referring to all the people who are able to work and want jobs in a country or area, in relation to the number of jobs there are available in that country or area.

- The longer people have been unemployed, the harder it is for them to compete in the labour market.

N-COUNT: usu sing

Labour Party ***

Labour Party
In Britain, the Labour Party is the main left-of-centre party. It believes that wealth and power should be shared fairly and public services should be free for everyone.

- The Labour Party and the teaching unions condemned the idea.

N-PROPER: the N

labour-saving

labour-saving
A labour-saving device or idea makes it possible for you to do something with less effort than usual.

- ...labour-saving devices such as washing machines.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

labrador

labrador labradors
A labrador or labrador retriever is a type of large dog with short, thick black or gold hair.
N-COUNT The spellings labrador retriever and in American English Labrador retriever are also used.

laburnum

[D.J.:ləˈbə:nəm]

[K.K.:ləˈbɚnəm]

n.

金链花

laburnum

laburnum laburnums
A laburnum or a laburnum tree is a small tree which has long stems of yellow flowers.
N-VAR

labyrinth

[D.J.:ˈlæbəˌrɪnθ]

[K.K.:ˈlæbəˌrɪnθ]

n.

迷宫

labyrinth *

1. labyrinth labyrinths
If you describe a place as a labyrinth , you mean that it is made up of a complicated series of paths or passages, through which it is difficult to find your way. (LITERARY)

- ...the labyrinth of corridors.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= maze

2. labyrinth labyrinths
If you describe a situation, process, or area of knowledge as a labyrinth , you mean that it is very complicated. (FORMAL)

- ...a labyrinth of conflicting political and sociological interpretations.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= maze

labyrinth

noun

maze

intricacy

jungle

tangle

labyrinthine

[D.J.:ˌlæbəˈrinθain]

[K.K.:ˌlæbəˈrɪnθɪn, -ˌθinçlabʃyʃrinʃthiʃanə-θiən]

adj.

迷宫(似)的,曲折的

labyrinthine

1. labyrinthine
If you describe a place as labyrinthine , you mean that it is like a labyrinth. (FORMAL)

- The streets of the Old City are narrow and labyrinthine.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. labyrinthine
If you describe a situation, process, or field of knowledge as labyrinthine , you mean that it is very complicated and difficult to understand. (FORMAL)

- ...his failure to understand the labyrinthine complexities of the situation.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

lace

[D.J.:leis]

[K.K.:les]

n.

蕾丝, 透孔织品, 花边

鞋带, 系带

vt. & vi.

系牢, 系紧

laced

[leist]

adj.

有花边的,绑带子的,加酒的

lacing

[D.J.:ˈleisiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlesɪŋ]

n.

系带,带子,花边

lace **

1. lace
Lace is a very delicate cloth which is made with a lot of holes in it. It is made by twisting together very fine threads of cotton to form patterns.

- She finally found the perfect gown, a beautiful creation trimmed with lace.

- ...a plain white lace bedspread.

N-UNCOUNT

2. lace laces
Laces are thin pieces of material that are put through special holes in some types of clothing, especially shoes. The laces are tied together in order to tighten the clothing.

- Barry was sitting on the bed, tying the laces of an old pair of running shoes.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. lace laces lacing laced
If you lace something such as a pair of shoes, you tighten the shoes by pulling the laces through the holes, and usually tying them together.

- I have a good pair of skates, but no matter how tightly I lace them, my ankles wobble.

VB
= tie

4. lace up laces up; lacing up; laced up
Lace up means the same as lace .

- He sat on the steps, and laced up his boots.

- Nancy was lacing her shoe up when the doorbell rang.

PHR-V

5. lace laces lacing laced
To lace food or drink with a substance such as alcohol or a drug means to put a small amount of the substance into the food or drink.

- She laced his food with sleeping pills.

VB

6. lace laces lacing laced
If you lace your speech or writing with words of a particular kind, you include a lot of those words in what you say or write.

- Fred liked to lace his conversation with military terms.

- ...a speech laced with wry humour.

VB

7. lace laces lacing laced
If you lace your fingers together, you put the palms of your hands together and fold your fingers over, fitting the fingers of one hand between the fingers of the other.

- He took to lacing his fingers together in an attempt to keep his hands still.

VB

lace

noun

1.

netting

filigree

openwork

2.

cord

bootlace

shoelace

string

tie

verb

3.

fasten

bind

do up

thread

tie

4.

mix in

add to

fortify

spike

lacerate

[D.J.:ˈlæsəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈlæsəˌret]

vt.

撕伤, 刮伤

伤害(感情等)

lacerated

[ˈlæsəreitid]

adj.

撕裂的,割碎的,受伤的

lacerate

1. lacerate lacerates lacerating lacerated
If something lacerates your skin, it cuts it badly and deeply.

- Its claws lacerated his thighs.

VB

2. lacerated

- She was suffering from a badly lacerated hand.

ADJ-GRADED

lacerate

verb

tear

claw

cut

gash

mangle

rip

slash

wound

laceration

[D.J.:ˌlæsəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌlæsəˈreʃən]

n.

撕裂,割破

裂痕

苦恼

laceration

laceration lacerations
Lacerations are deep cuts on your skin.

- He had lacerations on his back and thighs.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N prep

laceration

noun

cut

gash

rent

rip

slash

tear

wound

lace-ups

lace-ups
Lace-ups are shoes which are fastened with laces. (BRIT)

- Slip-on shoes are easier to put on than lace-ups.

- He was wearing black lace-up shoes.

N-PLURAL The form lace-up is used as a modifier

lachrymose

[D.J.:ˈlækrəˌməʊs]

[K.K.:ˈlækrəˌmos]

adj.

眼泪的,哭泣的

lachrymosely

adv.

眼泪地,哭泣地

lachrymose

lachrymose
Someone who is lachrymose cries very easily and very often. (LITERARY)

- ...the tears of lachrymose mourners.

ADJ-GRADED

lack

[D.J.:læk]

[K.K.:læk]

vt.

缺乏; 缺少

n.

缺乏, 不足, 没有

lacking

[ˈlækiŋ]

adj.

缺乏的,不足的

lack ****

1. lack
If there is a lack of something, there is not enough of it or it does not exist at all.

- Despite his lack of experience, he got the job.

- The charges were dropped for lack of evidence.

- He tricked his way into a job as a hospital doctor and killed a patient through lack of care.

- There is a lack of people wanting to start up new businesses.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, usu N of n

2. lack lacks lacking lacked
If you say that someone or something lacks a particular quality, you mean that they do not have any or enough of it.

- It lacked the power of the Italian cars.

- He lacked the judgment and political acumen for the post of chairman.

- Certain vital information is lacking in the report.

V-ERG

3. lack
If you say there is no lack of something, you are emphasizing that there is a great deal of it.

- He said there was no lack of things for them to talk about.

- President Clinton displayed no lack of vigor when he began to speak.

PHR: PHR n, usu v-link PHR, v PHR emphasis

lacking *

lacking
If something or someone is lacking in a particular quality, they do not have any of it or enough of it.

- ...if your hair is lacking in lustre and feeling dry...

- She felt nervous, increasingly lacking in confidence about herself.

- Why was military intelligence so lacking?

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ in n
See also lack .

lack

noun

1.

shortage

absence

dearth

deficiency

need

scarcity

want

verb

2.

need

be deficient in

be short of

be without

miss

require

want

lackadaisical

[D.J.:ˌlækəˈdeɪzɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌlækəˈdezɪkəl]

adj.

无精打采的;不决断的;不热心的

lackadaisically

adv.

无精打采地;不决断地;不热心地

lackadaisical

lackadaisical
If you say that someone is lackadaisical , you mean that they are rather lazy and do not show much interest or enthusiasm in what they do.

- Dr. Jonsen seemed a little lackadaisical at times.

- ...the lackadaisical attitude of a number of the principal players.

ADJ-GRADED

lackadaisical

adjective

1.

lethargic

apathetic

dull

half-hearted

indifferent

languid

listless

2.

lazy

abstracted

dreamy

idle

indolent

inert

lackey

[D.J.:ˈlæki:]

[K.K.:ˈlæki]

n.

听差,男仆(通常穿制服)

卑躬屈膝的人,被待为奴仆的人

lackey

lackey lackeys
If you describe someone as a lackey , you are critical of them because they follow someone's orders completely, without ever questioning them.

- I'm not staying as a paid lackey to act as your yes-man.

N-COUNT disapproval

lackey

noun

1.

hanger-on

flatterer

minion

sycophant

toady

yes man

2.

manservant

attendant

flunky

footman

valet

lacklustre

[D.J.:ˈlækˌlʌstə]

[K.K.:ˈlækˌlʌstɚ]

adj.

无光泽的,死气沉沉的;无生气的

lacklustre *

lacklustre
If you describe something or someone as lacklustre , you mean that they are not exciting or energetic.

- He has already been blamed for his party's lackluster performance during the election campaign.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) lackluster

lacklustre

adjective

flat

drab

dull

leaden

lifeless

muted

prosaic

uninspired

vapid

laconic

[D.J.:ləˈkɔnɪk]

[K.K.:ləˈkɑnɪk]

adj.

简洁的;简明的

laconically

adv.

简短地,简洁地

laconically

[D.J.:ləˈk ɔnɪklɪ]

[K.K.:ləˈk ɑnɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

简洁地

laconic

1. laconic
If you describe someone as laconic , you mean that they use very few words to say something, so that they seem casual or unfriendly.

- Usually so laconic in the office, Dr. Lahey seemed less guarded, more relaxed.

- `At least we weren't kidnapped.' --- `I'm glad of that,' was the laconic response.

ADJ-GRADED

2. laconically

- A week or so later he laconically announced that Digby had been transferred to another post.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

laconic

adjective

terse

brief

concise

curt

monosyllabic

pithy

short

succinct

lacquer

[D.J.:ˈlækə]

[K.K.:ˈlækɚ]

n.

漆

(固定发型的)发蜡, 定型剂

vt.

涂漆于

lacquer *

1. lacquer lacquers
Lacquer is a special liquid which is painted on wood or metal in order to protect it and to make it shiny.

- We put on the second coating of lacquer.

- Only the finest lacquers are used for finishes.

N-MASS

2. lacquer lacquers
Lacquer is a clear sticky liquid that you spray on your hair in order to hold it in place. (BRIT; in AM use hairspray )
N-MASS
= hairspray

lacquered

lacquered
Lacquered is used to describe things that have been coated or sprayed with lacquer.

- ...17th-century lacquered cabinets.

- ...perfectly lacquered hair and face powder.

ADJ: ADJ n

lacrosse

[D.J.:ləˈkrɔs]

[K.K.:ləˈkrɔs, -ˈkrɑs]

n.

长曲棍球

lacrosse

lacrosse
Lacrosse is an outdoor game in which players use long sticks with nets at the end to catch and throw a small ball, in order to try and score goals.
N-UNCOUNT

lactation

[D.J.:lækˈteiʃ(ə)n]

[K.K.:lækˈteʃən]

n.

哺乳期

lactation

lactation
Lactation is the production of milk by women and female mammals during the period after they give birth. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

lactic acid

lactic acid
Lactic acid is a type of acid which is found in sour milk and is also produced by your muscles when you have been exercising a lot.
N-UNCOUNT

lactose

[D.J.:ˈlækˌtəʊs]

[K.K.:ˈlækˌtos]

n.

乳糖

lactose

lactose
Lactose is a type of sugar which is found in milk and which is sometimes added to food.
N-UNCOUNT

lacuna

[D.J.:ləˈkju:nə]

[K.K.:ləˈkjunə]

n.

空白,空隙,腔隙,缺陷,陷窝,胞窝,裂口

lacunae

[ləˈkju:ni:]

n.

空白,空隙,腔隙,缺陷,陷窝,胞窝,裂口(lacuna 的复数)

lacuna

lacuna lacunae
If you say that there is a lacuna in something such as a document or a person's argument, you mean that it does not deal with an important issue and is therefore not effective or convincing. (FORMAL)

- There are still major lacunae in the material available.

N-COUNT

lacy

[D.J.:ˈleisi]

[K.K.:ˈlesi]

adj.

花边的

lacy *

1. lacy lacier laciest
Lacy things are made from lace or have pieces of lace attached to them.

- ...lacy nightgowns.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. lacy lacier laciest
Lacy is used to describe something that looks like lace, especially because it is very delicate.

- ...lacy ferns.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

lad

[D.J.:læd]

[K.K.:læd]

n.

男孩, 小伙子

伙伴, 家伙

活泼、大胆或鲁莽的男子

lads

[lædz]

n.

〈英〉〈非正〉伙伴们

lad ***

1. lad
A lad is a young man or boy. (INFORMAL)

- When I was a lad his age I would laugh at the strangest things.

- Come along, lad. Time for you to get home.

N-COUNT; N-VOC

2. lad lads
Some men refer to their male friends or colleagues as the lads . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...having a drink with the lads...

- The lads don't join the union because they're frightened of being victimized.

N-PLURAL: the N

lad

noun

boy

fellow

guy informal

juvenile

kid informal

youngster

youth

ladder

[D.J.:ˈlædə]

[K.K.:ˈlædɚ]

n.

梯子

阶梯; 途径

ladder **

1. ladder ladders
A ladder is a piece of equipment used for climbing up something or down from something. It consists of two long pieces of wood, metal, or rope with steps fixed between them.
N-COUNT

2. ladder
You can use ladder to refer to something such as a society, organization, or system which has different levels that people can progress up or drop down.

- If they want to climb the ladder of success they should be given that opportunity.

- She admired her mother's sister for moving up the social ladder.

N-SING: the N, usu with supp

3. ladder ladders
A ladder is a hole or torn part in a woman's stocking or tights, where some of the vertical threads have broken, leaving only the horizontal threads. (mainly BRIT; in AM use run )

- Her hair was a mess and there was a ladder in her tights.

N-COUNT

laddie

[D.J.:ˈlædi]

[K.K.:ˈlædi]

n.

〈主苏〉少年,年轻人,老弟(表示亲密的称呼)

laddie

laddie
A laddie is a young man or boy. (mainly SCOTTISH, INFORMAL)

- ...this little laddie, aged about four...

- Now then, laddie, what's the trouble?

N-COUNT; N-VOC

laddish

[ˈlædiʃ]

adj.

男孩的,稚气的

laddishness

[ˈlædiʃnis]

n.

〈英〉粗野好斗，放荡不羁

laddish

1. laddish
If you describe someone as laddish , you mean that they behave in a way that people think is typical of young men, for example by being rough and noisy, drinking a lot of alcohol, and having a bad attitude towards women.

- Their manager is unconcerned at the laddish image and the drinking that goes with it.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. laddishness

- These young women are not threatened by laddishness. They think it is funny.

N-UNCOUNT

laden

[D.J.:ˈleɪdn]

[K.K.:ˈledn..]

adj.

负重的, 载满的

laden *

1. laden
If someone or something is laden with a lot of heavy things, they are holding or carrying them. (LITERARY)

- I came home laden with cardboard boxes.

- The following summer the peach tree was laden with fruit.

- Heavily laden lorries were passing at a rate of one every three minutes.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n

2. laden
If you describe a person or thing as laden with something, particularly something bad, you mean that they have a lot of it.

- We're so laden with guilt.

- Many of their heavy industries are laden with debt.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with n

laden

adjective

loaded

burdened

charged

encumbered

full

weighed down

-laden

-laden
-laden combines with nouns to form adjectives which indicate that something has a lot of a particular thing or quality.

- ...a fat-laden meal.

- ...smoke-laden air.

- ...a technology-laden military.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

la-di-da

[D.J.:lɑ:diˈdɑ:]

[K.K.:ˌlɑdiˈdɑ]

adj.

装模作样的,时髦的

n.

装模作样的人

int.

嘻嘻!

vi.

装腔作势

la-di-da

la-di-da
If you describe someone as la-di-da , you mean that they have an upper-class way of behaving, which you think seems unnatural and is only done to impress people. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- I wouldn't trust them in spite of all their la-di-da manners.

ADJ-GRADED also lah-di-dah . disapproval

ladies' man

ladies' man
If you say that a man is a ladies' man , you mean that he enjoys spending time socially with women and that women find him attractive. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He had quite a reputation as a ladies' man.

N-SING: usu a N

ladies' room

ladies' room
Some people refer to a public toilet for women as the ladies' room .

- Where's the ladies' room?

N-SING: usu the N
= ladies

ladle

[D.J.:ˈleɪdl]

[K.K.:ˈledl..]

n.

长柄勺

vt.

(用勺)舀或盛很多(食物)

慷慨地施予某物

ladle out

(用大汤勺)舀出，盛出；盛出(很多食物)

大量给予，给以一大堆(尤指金钱或建议)

ladling

金属装桶

ladle

1. ladle ladles
A ladle is a large, round, deep spoon with a long handle, used for serving soup, stew, or sauce.
N-COUNT

2. ladle ladles ladling ladled
If you ladle food such as soup or stew, you serve it, especially with a ladle.

- Barry held the bowls while Liz ladled soup into them.

- Mrs King went to the big black stove and ladled out steaming soup.

VB

ladle out

ladle out ladles out; ladling out; ladled out
If you ladle out something such as money, information, or advice, you give it freely and in large quantities.

- She was constantly on the phone, ladling out inside details to reporters.

PHR-V

ladies

[D.J.:ˈleidiz]

[K.K.:ˈlediz]

n.

〈英〉女盥洗室

lady

[D.J.:ˈleidi]

[K.K.:ˈledi]

n.

女士, 夫人, 小姐

举止文雅的女子, 淑女

lady ****

1. lady ladies
You can use lady when you are referring to a woman, especially when you are showing politeness or respect.

- She's a very sweet old lady.

- Shall we rejoin the ladies?

- ...a lady doctor.

- ...a cream-coloured lady's shoe.

N-COUNT
= woman

See also old lady .

2. lady ladies
You can say ` ladies ' when you are addressing a group of women in a formal and respectful way.

- Your table is ready, ladies, if you'd care to come through.

- Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.

N-VOC politeness

3. lady ladies
A lady is a woman from the upper classes, especially in former times.

- ...the Empress and ladies of the Imperial Palace...

- Our governess was told to make sure we knew how to talk like English ladies.

N-COUNT

4. lady
In Britain, Lady is a title used in front of the names of some female members of the nobility, or the wives of knights.

- Cockburn's arrival coincided with that of Sir Iain and Lady Noble.

- My dear Lady Mary, how very good to see you.

N-TITLE

5. lady ladies
If you say that a woman is a lady , you mean that she behaves in a polite, dignified, and graceful way.

- His wife was great as well, beautiful-looking and a real lady.

- A lady always sits quietly with her hands in her lap.

N-COUNT

6. lady
People sometimes refer to a public toilet for women as the ladies . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- At Temple station, Charlotte rushed into the Ladies.

N-SING: usu the N
= ladies' room

7. lady ladies
` Lady ' is sometimes used by men as a form of address when they are talking to a woman that they do not know, especially in shops and in the street. (AM, INFORMAL)

- What seems to be the trouble, lady?.

- As she left the litter-strewn lot, an angry voice called out to her. `Hey, lady!'

N-VOC politeness

lady

noun

1.

gentlewoman

dame

2.

woman

female

ladybird

[D.J.:ˈleɪdi:ˌbɜ:d]

[K.K.:ˈlediˌbə..d]

n.

瓢虫

ladybird

ladybird ladybirds
A ladybird is a small round beetle that is red with black spots. (BRIT; in AM use ladybug )
N-COUNT

lady friend

lady friend lady friends
A man's lady friend is the woman with whom he is having a romantic or sexual relationship. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT: usu poss N

lady-in-waiting

n.

侍女,宫女

lady-in-waiting

lady-in-waiting ladies-in-waiting
A lady-in-waiting is a woman whose job is to help a queen or princess.
N-COUNT

lady-killer

[D.J.:ˈleɪdi:ˌkɪlə]

[K.K.:ˈlediˌkɪlɚ]

n.

色狼,多情种

lady-killer

lady-killer lady-killers
If you refer to a man as a lady-killer , you mean that you think he is very successful at attracting women but quickly leaves them. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

lady-killer

noun

womanizer

Casanova

Don Juan

heartbreaker

ladies' man

libertine

philanderer

rake

rou´e

ladylike

[D.J.:ˈleɪdi:ˌlaɪk]

[K.K.:ˈlediˌlaɪk]

adj.

<过时,褒>贵妇人似的

ladylike

ladylike
If you say that a woman or girl is ladylike , you mean that she behaves in a polite, dignified, and graceful way.

- I hate to be blunt, Frankie, but she just didn't strike me as being very ladylike.

- She crossed the room with quick, ladylike steps.

ADJ-GRADED
= genteel

ladylike

adjective

refined

elegant

genteel

modest

polite

proper

respectable

sophisticated

well-bred

Ladyship

Ladyship
In Britain, you use the expressions Your Ladyship , Her Ladyship , or Their Ladyships when you are addressing or referring to female members of the nobility or the wives of knights.

- Her Ladyship's expecting you, sir.

N-VOC; N-PROPER: det-poss N politeness

lag

[D.J.:læɡ]

[K.K.:læɡ]

vi.

走得极慢; 落后

n.

滞后, (时间上的)间隔

lagging

[D.J.:ˈlæɡiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlæɡɪŋ]

n.

绝缘层材料

lags

延迟支付进口货款

lag **

1. lag lags lagging lagged
If one thing or person lags behind another thing or person, their progress is slower than that of the other thing or person.

- Britain still lags behind most of Europe in its provisions for women who want time off to have babies.

- The restructuring of the pattern of consumption in Britain also lagged behind.

- He now lags 10 points behind the champion.

- A poll for the Observer showed Labour on 39 per cent with the Tories lagging a point behind.

- Hague was lagging badly in the polls.

VB

2. lag lags
A time lag or a lag of a particular length of time is a period of time between one event and another related event.

- There's a time lag between infection with HIV and developing AIDS.

- Price rises have matched rises in the money supply with a lag of two or three months.

N-COUNT: with supp

3. lag lags lagging lagged
If you lag the inside of a roof, a pipe, or a water tank, you cover it with a special material in order to prevent heat escaping from it or to prevent it from freezing. (mainly BRIT)

- If you have to take the floorboards up, take the opportunity to lag any pipes at the same time.

- Water tanks should be well lagged and the roof well insulated.

VB
See also lagging .

lagging

lagging
Lagging is special material which is used to cover pipes, water tanks, or the inside of a roof so that heat does not escape from them or so they do not freeze. (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

lag

verb

hang back

dawdle

delay

linger

loiter

straggle

tarry

trail

lager

[D.J.:ˈlɑ:ɡə]

[K.K.:ˈlɑɡɚ]

n.

贮藏啤酒

一杯或一瓶贮藏啤酒

lager *

1. lager lagers
Lager is a type of light beer. (BRIT)

- ...a pint of lager...

- He claims to sell the widest range of beers and lagers in the world.

N-MASS

2. lager lagers
A glass of lager can be referred to as a lager .

- Liz and Darren shared a lager and danced a little.

N-COUNT

laggard

[D.J.:ˈlægəd]

[K.K.:ˈlæɡəd]

n.

落后者

laggard

laggard laggards
If you describe a country, company, or product as a laggard , you mean that it is not performing as well as its competitors.

- The company has developed a reputation as a technological laggard in the personal-computer arena.

N-COUNT

laggard

noun

straggler

dawdler

idler

loiterer

slowcoach Brit. informal

sluggard

snail

lagoon

[D.J.:ləˈgu:n]

[K.K.:ləˈɡun]

n.

潟湖

(大湖或江河附近的)小而浅的淡水湖

温泉形成的池塘

污水池; 氧化塘

lagoon *

lagoon lagoons
A lagoon is an area of calm sea water that is separated from the ocean by a line of rock or sand.
N-COUNT

laid

[D.J.:leɪd]

[K.K.:led]

(lay的过去式和过去分词)

laying

[ˈleiiŋ]

n.

产卵数,瞄准

laid

laid
Laid is the past tense and past participle of lay .

lay 1 verb and noun uses ****

(In standard English, the form lay is also the past tense of the verb lie in some meanings. In informal English, people sometimes use the word lay instead of lie in those meanings.)

1. lay lays laying laid
If you lay something somewhere, you put it there in a careful, gentle, or neat way.

- Lay a sheet of newspaper on the floor.

- My father's working bench was covered with a cloth and his coffin was laid there.

- Mothers routinely lay babies on their backs to sleep.

VB

2. lay lays laying laid
If you lay the table or lay the places at a table, you arrange the knives, forks, and other things that people need on the table before a meal. (mainly BRIT; in AM use set )

- The butler always laid the table.

VB

3. lay lays laying laid
If you lay something such as carpets, cables, or foundations, you put them into their permanent position.

- A man came to lay the saloon carpet.

- Public utilities dig up roads to lay pipes.

VB

4. lay lays laying laid
To lay a trap means to prepare it in order to catch someone or something.

- They were laying a trap for the kidnapper.

VB

5. lay lays laying laid
When a female bird lays an egg, it produces an egg by pushing it out of its body.

- My canary has laid an egg.

- Freezing weather in spring hampered the hens' ability to lay.

VB

6. lay lays laying laid
Lay is used with some nouns to talk about making official preparations for something. For example, if you lay the basis for something or lay plans for it, you prepare it carefully.

- Diplomats meeting in Chile have laid the groundwork for far-reaching environmental regulations.

- The organisers meet in March to lay plans.

VB

7. lay lays laying laid
Lay is used with some nouns in expressions about accusing or blaming someone. For example, if you lay the blame for a mistake on someone, you say it is their fault, or if the police lay charges against someone, they officially accuse that person of a crime.

- She refused to lay the blame on any one party.

- He could not bear to lay too much responsibility for the unhappiness of his later years on his own shoulders.

- Police have decided not to lay charges over allegations of a telephone tapping operation.

VB

8. lay lays laying laid
If you say that you would lay bets, odds, or money on something happening, you mean that you are very confident that it will happen. (INFORMAL)

- I wouldn't lay bets on his still remaining manager after the spring.

- I'll lay odds that Dean is at your office right now.

VB

9. lay
To lay someone means to have sex with them. (RUDE)
VERB: V n

10. lay lays
Lay is used in expressions such a good lay or an easy lay to describe what someone is like as a sexual partner. (RUDE)
N-COUNT: usu adj N

11. lay
If someone is laying it on thick or is laying it on , they are exaggerating a statement, experience, or emotion in order to try to impress people. (INFORMAL)

- Don't lay it on too thick, but make sure they are flattered.

- I may have spoken a bit too freely, been a bit extreme, even laid it on a little.

PHR: V inflects

12. lay
If you lay yourself open to criticism or attack, or if something lays you open to it, something you do makes it possible or likely that other people will criticize or attack you.

- The party thereby lays itself open to charges of conflict of interest.

- Such a statement could lay her open to ridicule.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

lay 2 adjective uses

1. lay
You use lay to describe people who are involved with a Christian church but are not members of the clergy or are not monks or nuns.

- Edwards is a Methodist lay preacher and social worker.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. lay
You use lay to describe people who are not experts or professionals in a particular subject or activity.

- It is difficult for a lay person to gain access to medical libraries.

- It is not just a textbook for professional diplomats. The lay reader will enjoy the anecdotes.

ADJ: ADJ n

laid-back

[D.J.:ˌleidˈbæk]

[K.K.:ˈledˈbæk]

adj.

(指人或人的行为)安详的, 轻松的

laid-back *

laid-back
If you describe someone as laid-back , you mean that they behave in a calm relaxed way as if nothing will ever worry them. (INFORMAL)

- Nothing worried him, he was really laid back.

- Everyone here has a really laid-back attitude.

ADJ-GRADED

laid-back

adjective

relaxed

casual

easy-going

free and easy

unflappable informal

unhurried

lain

[D.J.:leɪn]

[K.K.:len]

lay

[D.J.:lei]

[K.K.:le]

vt.

放置

压倒, 使躺下, 放倒

使平息, 使消失

打赌, 下赌注

vt. & vi.

生蛋, 产卵

lie

[D.J.:lai]

[K.K.:li]

vi.

躺, 卧

位于

展现, 伸展

说谎

vi. & link v.

平放

n.

谎话

lied

[D.J.:li:d]

[K.K.:lit]

n.

德国民谣歌曲

lies

n.

谎言

v.

躺卧,说谎

lying

[D.J.:ˈlaiiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪɪŋ]

n.

说谎

adj.

躺着的,说谎的

lain

Lain is the past participle of lie .

lie 1 position or situation ****

1. lie lies lying lay lain
If you are lying somewhere, you are in a horizontal position and are not standing or sitting.

- There was a child lying on the ground.

- The injured man was lying motionless on his back.

- He lay awake watching her for a long time.

VB

2. lie lies lying lay lain
If an object lies in a particular place, it is in a flat position in that place.

- ...a newspaper lying on a nearby couch...

- Broken glass lay scattered on the carpet.

- ...a two-page memo lying unread on his desk.

VB

3. lie lies lying lay lain
If you say that a place lies in a particular position or direction, you mean that it is situated there.

- The islands lie at the southern end of the Kurile chain.

VB
= sit

4. lie lies lying lay lain
You can use lie to say that something is or remains in a particular state or condition. For example, if something lies forgotten , it has been and remains forgotten.

- She turned back to the Bible lying open in her lap.

- The picture lay hidden in the archives for over 40 years.

- His country's economy lies in ruins.

V-LINK
= sit

5. lie lies lying lay lain
You can use lie to say what position a competitor or team is in during a competition. (mainly BRIT)

- I was going well and was lying fourth.

- Blyth Tait is lying in second place.

VB

6. lie lies lying lay lain
You can talk about where something such as a problem, solution, or fault lies to say what you think it consists of, involves, or is caused by.

- The problem lay in the large amounts spent on defence.

- They will only assume that, as a woman, the fault lies with me.

- He realised his future lay elsewhere.

- We must be clear about where the responsibility lies.

VB
= rest

7. lie lies lying lay lain
You use lie in expressions such as lie ahead , lie in store , and lie in wait when you are talking about what someone is going to experience in the future, especially when it is something unpleasant or difficult.

- She'd need all her strength and bravery to cope with what lay in store.

- The President's most serious challenges lie ahead.

VB

8. lie lies lying lay lain
Lie is used in formal English, especially on gravestones, to say that a dead person is buried in a particular place.

- The inscription reads: Here lies Catin, the son of Magarus.

- My father lies in the small cemetery a few miles up this road.

VB

9. lie lies lying lay lain
If you say that light, clouds, or fog lie somewhere, you mean that they exist there or are spread over the area mentioned. (LITERARY)

- It had been wet overnight, and a morning mist lay on the field.

VB

10. lie
The lie of an object or area is its position or the way that it is arranged.

- The actual site of a city is determined by the natural lie of the land.

N-SING: with supp, oft N of n

lie 2 things that are not true ***

1. lie lies
A lie is something that someone says or writes which they know is untrue.

- `Who else do you work for?' --- `No one.' --- `That's a lie.'.

- I've had enough of your lies.

- All the boys told lies about their adventures.

N-COUNT
See also white lie .

2. lie lies lying lied
If someone is lying , they are saying something which they know is not true.

- I know he's lying.

- If asked, he lies about his age.

- She lied to her husband so she could meet her lover.

- He reportedly called her `a lying little twit'.

VB

3. lying

- Lying is something that I will not tolerate.

N-UNCOUNT

4. lie lies lying lied
If you say that something lies , you mean that it does not express or represent something accurately.

- The camera sometimes lies.

VB

5. lie
If something gives the lie to a statement, claim, or theory, it suggests or proves that it is not true.

- This survey gives the lie to the idea that Britain is moving towards economic recovery.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

6. lie
If you say that someone is living a lie , you mean that in every part of their life they are hiding the truth about themselves from other people.

- My mother never told my father the truth about me. We've been living a lie all this time.

PHR: V inflects, usu cont

7. lie
People sometimes say ` I tell a lie ' when they have just made a mistake in something that they are saying and immediately correct it. (BRIT)

- It is the first scene of the play chronologically. I tell a lie, it's actually strictly speaking the second scene.

CONVENTION
= sorry

lying

Lying is the present participle of lie .

lay

verb

1.

place

deposit

leave

plant

put

set

set down

spread

2.

arrange

organize

position

set out

3.

produce

bear

deposit

4.

put forward

advance

bring forward

lodge

offer

present

submit

5.

attribute

allocate

allot

ascribe

assign

impute

6.

devise

concoct

contrive

design

hatch

plan

plot

prepare

work out

7.

bet

gamble

give odds

hazard

risk

stake

wager

lay

adjective

1.

nonclerical

secular

2.

nonspecialist

amateur

inexpert

nonprofessional

lie

verb Informal

1.

falsify

dissimulate

equivocate

fabricate

fib

prevaricate

tell untruths

noun

2.

falsehood

deceit

fabrication

fib

fiction

invention

prevarication

untruth

lie

verb

1.

recline

loll

lounge

repose

rest

sprawl

stretch out

2.

be situated

be

be placed

exist

remain

lying

noun

1.

dishonesty

deceit

mendacity

perjury

untruthfulness

adjective

2.

deceitful

dishonest

false

mendacious

perfidious

treacherous

two-faced

untruthful

lair

[D.J.:leə]

[K.K.:lɛr]

n.

(野兽的)巢穴,窝

(人的)藏身处

lair

1. lair lairs
A lair is a place where a wild animal lives, usually a place which is underground or well-hidden.

- ...a fox's lair.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

2. lair lairs
Someone's lair is the particular room or hiding place that they go to, especially when they want to get away from other people. (INFORMAL)

- Green recounts how he once went to see Bremner in his lair.

- The village was once a pirates' lair.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

lair

noun

nest

burrow

den

earth

hole

laird

[D.J.:lɛəd]

[K.K.:lɛrd]

n.

(苏格兰)地主

laird *

laird lairds
A laird is someone who owns a large area of land in Scotland.
N-COUNT

laissez-faire

[D.J.:ˌleɪseɪˈf eə]

[K.K.:ˌl eseˈf ɛr]

adj.

<法>放任主义的;自由放任的

laissez-faire *

1. laissez-faire
Laissez-faire is the policy which is based on the idea that governments and the law should not interfere with business, finance, or the conditions of people's working lives.

- ...a policy of laissez faire.

- ...the doctrine of laissez-faire and unbridled individualism.

N-UNCOUNT

2. laissez-faire
Also an adjective.

- ...the Government's laissez-faire attitude toward the use of motor vehicles.

- ...a laissez-faire policy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

laity

[D.J.:ˈleɪɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈleɪti]

n.

(别于教会神职人员的)普通信徒

门外汉,外行

laity *

laity
The laity are all the people involved in the work of a church who are not clergymen, monks, or nuns.

- The Church and the laity were increasingly active in charity work.

- Clergy and laity alike are divided in their views.

N-SING-COLL: also no det

lake

[D.J.:leik]

[K.K.:lek]

n.

湖

lakes

色淀

lake ***

lake lakes
A lake is a large area of fresh water, surrounded by land.

- They can go fishing in the lake.

- The Nile flows from Lake Victoria in East Africa north to the Mediterranean Sea.

N-COUNT: oft in names

lake

noun

pond

lagoon

loch Scot.

lough Irish

mere

reservoir

tarn

lakeside

[D.J.:ˈleiksaid]

[K.K.:ˈlekˌsaɪd]

n.

湖边; 湖岸; 湖畔

lakeside

lakeside
The lakeside is the area of land around the edge of a lake.

- They were out by the lakeside a lot.

- ...the picturesque Italian lakeside town of Lugano.

N-SING

lam

[D.J.:læm]

[K.K.:læm]

v.

鞭打,潜逃

n.

潜逃

lam

lam
If someone is on the lam or if they go on the lam , they are trying to escape or hide from someone such as the police or an enemy. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- He was on the lam for seven years.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

lama

[D.J.:ˈlɑ:mə]

[K.K.:ˈlɑmə]

n.

喇嘛(中国西藏或蒙古的佛教僧侣)

lama **

lama
A lama is a Buddhist priest or monk in Tibet or Mongolia.

- It takes twenty to twenty-five years of study and meditation to qualify as a lama.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

lamb

[læm]

n.

羔羊, 小羊

羔羊肉

像羔羊般柔顺的人

lamb **

1. lamb lambs
A lamb is a young sheep.
N-COUNT

2. lamb
Lamb is the flesh of a lamb eaten as food.

- Laura was basting the leg of lamb.

N-UNCOUNT

3. lamb lambs
People sometimes use lamb when they are addressing or referring to someone who they are fond of and who is young, gentle, or unfortunate.

- She came and put her arms around me. `You poor lamb. What's wrong?'

N-COUNT feelings

4. lamb
If you say that people do something like lambs or like lambs to the slaughter , you mean that they do what someone wants them to do without complaining or fighting.

- The pair surrendered to him like lambs.

- We follow their every word like lambs to the slaughter.

PHR: lamb inflects, PHR after v

lambast

[læmˈbeist]

vt.

①不断地狠打某人，鞭打②严厉斥责某人

lambast

lambast lambasts lambasting lambasted"-bast-"
If you lambast someone, you criticize them severely, usually in public. (FORMAL)

- Grey took every opportunity to lambast Thompson and his organization.

VB (AM) usually lambaste

lambing

产羔

lambing

lambing
Lambing is the time in the spring when female sheep give birth to lambs.

- Lambing is the climax of the sheep farmer's year.

- ...the lambing season.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

lame

[D.J.:leim]

[K.K.:lem]

adj.

瘸的

站不住脚的, 差劲的, 蹩脚的

lamely

adv.

一瘸一拐地,不完全地

lameness

n.

跛,残废,僵而疼痛

lame *

1. lame lamer lamest
If someone is lame , they are unable to walk properly because of damage to one or both of their legs.

- He was aware that she was lame in one leg.

- David had to pull out of the Championships when his horse went lame.

ADJ-GRADED

2. lame
The lame are people who are lame.

- ... the wounded and the lame of the last war.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. lameness

- Persistent damage or inadequate healing may lead to chronic lameness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. lame lamer lamest
If you describe an excuse, argument, or remark as lame , you mean that it is poor or weak.

- He mumbled some lame excuse about having gone to sleep.

- All our theories sound pretty lame.

ADJ-GRADED

5. lamely

- `Lovely house,' I said lamely.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

lame

adjective

1.

disabled

crippled

game

handicapped

hobbling

limping

2.

unconvincing

feeble

flimsy

inadequate

pathetic

poor

thin

unsatisfactory

weak

lam´e

lam´e
Lam´e is cloth that has threads of gold or silver woven into it, which make it reflect light.

- ...a silver lam´e dress.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

lame duck

1. lame duck lame ducks
If you describe someone or something as a lame duck , you are critical of them because they are not successful and need to be helped a lot.

- Look, I'm not one of your lame ducks.

- It is not proper to use British taxpayers' money to support lame-duck industries.

N-COUNT: oft N n disapproval

2. lame duck lame ducks
If you refer to a politician or a government as a lame duck , you mean that they have little real power, for example because their period of office is coming to an end.

- He must recognise by now that he will be a one-term, increasingly lame duck president.

- ...a lame duck government.

N-COUNT: usu N n

lament

[D.J.:ləˈment]

[K.K.:ləˈmɛnt]

vt. & vi.

(为…)哀悼, 痛哭, 悲伤

n.

悲恸, 哀歌, 挽歌

lamented

[D.J.:ləˈmentid]

[K.K.:ləˈmɛntɪd]

adj.

被哀悼的,令人遗憾的

lamenting

[ləˈmentiŋ]

adj.

悲伤的,悲哀的

lament *

1. lament laments lamenting lamented
If you lament something, you express your sadness, regret, or disappointment about it. (mainly FORMAL or WRITTEN)

- Ken began to lament the death of his only son.

- He laments that people in Villa El Salvador are suspicious of the police.

- `Prices are down 40 per cent since Christmas,' he lamented.

VB

2. lament laments
Someone's lament is an expression of their sadness, regret, or disappointment about something. (mainly FORMAL or WRITTEN)

- She spoke of the professional woman's lament that a woman's judgment is questioned more than a man's.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

3. lament laments
A lament is a poem, song, or piece of music which expresses sorrow that someone has died.

- A singer on the country music station was singing a lament for the late, great Buddy Holly.

N-COUNT

lament

verb

1.

complain

bemoan

bewail

deplore

grieve

mourn

regret

sorrow

wail

weep

noun

2.

complaint

lamentation

moan

wailing

3.

dirge

elegy

requiem

threnody

lamentable

[D.J.:ləˈmentəbəl, ˈlæmən-]

[K.K.:ləˈmɛntəbəl, ˈlæmən-]

adj.

可悲的,令人惋惜的

lamentably

adv.

lamentably

adv.

哀伤地,拙劣地

lamentable

1. lamentable
If you describe something as lamentable , you mean that it is very unfortunate or disappointing. (LITERARY)

- This lamentable state of affairs lasted until 1947.

- His command of English was lamentable.

ADJ-GRADED feelings

2. lamentably

- There are still lamentably few women surgeons.

- They have failed lamentably.

- There are, lamentably, no set rules.

ADV: usu ADV adj, also ADV with v, ADV with cl

lamentable

adjective

regrettable

deplorable

distressing

grievous

mournful

tragic

unfortunate

woeful

lamentation

[D.J.:ˌlæmenˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌlæmənˈteʃən]

n.

悲叹,哀悼

lamentation

lamentation lamentations
A lamentation is an expression of great sorrow. (FORMAL)

- It was a time for mourning and lamentation.

- ...special prayers and lamentations.

N-VAR

laminate

[D.J.:ˈlæməˌneɪt]

[K.K.:ˈlæməˌnet]

vt.

(将薄片砌合在一起)制成(材料)

将(金属)锻压成薄片

n.

层压材料

laminated

adj.

由薄片叠成的

lamination

n.

叠层,层压

laminated

[D.J.:ˈlæmineitid]

[K.K.:ˈlæməˌnetɪd]

adj.

薄板[薄片]状的,层积的,层压的

lamination

[D.J.:ˌlæmiˈneiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌlæməˈneʃən]

n.

迭片结构

laminate

laminate laminates
A laminate is a tough material that is made by sticking together two or more layers of a particular substance.

- A new insulating laminate has just been designed by Attwater and Sons.

- Thick sections of the laminate can be produced without the risk of cracking.

N-MASS

laminated

1. laminated
Material such as wood or plastic that is laminated consists of several thin sheets or layers that are stuck together.

- Modern windscreens are made from laminated glass.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. laminated
A product that is laminated is covered with a thin sheet of something, especially clear or coloured plastic, in order to protect it.

- The photographs were mounted on laminated cards.

- ...laminated work surfaces.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

lamp

[D.J.:læmp]

[K.K.:læmp]

n.

灯

lamp **

1. lamp lamps
A lamp is a light that works by using electricity or by burning oil or gas.

- She switched on the bedside lamp.

- In the evenings we eat by the light of an oil lamp.

N-COUNT

2. lamp lamps
A lamp is an electrical device which produces a special type of light or heat, used especially in medical or beauty treatment.

- ...a sun lamp.

- ...the use of infra-red lamps.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

lamplight

[D.J.:ˈlæmplait]

[K.K.:ˈlæmpˌlaɪt]

n.

灯火

lamplight

lamplight
Lamplight is the light produced by a lamp.

- Her cheeks glowed red in the lamplight.

N-UNCOUNT

lampoon

[D.J.:læmˈpu:n]

[K.K.:læmˈpun]

n.

讽刺文章或言辞

vt.

冷嘲热讽,奚落

lampoonist

n.

lampoonist

[læmˈpu:nist]

n.

讽刺文作家

lampoon

1. lampoon lampoons lampooning lampooned
If you lampoon someone or something, you criticize them very strongly, using humorous means.

- He entertained his readers by lampooning the pretensions of the rich.

- He was lampooned for his short stature and political views.

VB

2. lampoon lampoons
A lampoon is a piece of writing or speech which criticizes someone or something very strongly, using humorous means.

- ...his scathing lampoons of consumer culture.

- ...an attempt to cloak their idiotic ramblings in satire and lampoon.

N-VAR

lampoon

noun

1.

satire

burlesque

caricature

parody

send-up Brit. informal

skit

takeoff informal

verb

2.

ridicule

caricature

make fun of

mock

parody

satirize

send up Brit. informal

take off informal

lamp-post

n.

灯杆，路灯柱

lamp-post

lamp-post lamp-posts
A lamp-post is a tall metal or concrete pole that is fixed beside a road and has a light at the top. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use street lamp , street light )
N-COUNT also lamppost .

lampshade

[D.J.:ˈlæmpˌʃeɪd]

[K.K.:ˈlæmpˌʃed]

n.

灯罩

lampshade

lampshade lampshades
A lampshade is a covering that is fitted round or over an electric light bulb in order to protect it or decorate it, or to make the light less harsh.
N-COUNT
= shade

lance

[D.J.:læns]

[K.K.:læns]

n.

鱼叉

骑士、骑兵等的长矛

vt.

<医>用柳叶刀切开

lancing

[ˈlɑ:nsiŋ]

n.

切缝,气切割

lance *

1. lance lances lancing lanced
If a boil on someone's body is lanced , a small cut is made in it so that the liquid inside comes out. (MEDICAL)

- It is a painful experience having the boil lanced.

VB: usu passive

2. lance lances
A lance is a long spear used in former times by soldiers on horseback.

- ...the clang of lances striking armour.

N-COUNT

land

[D.J.:lænd]

[K.K.:lænd]

n.

陆地, 陆上, 地面

国家, 国土

土地, 田地; 地产

乡村生活

vt. & vi.

(使)登岸, (使)下船, (使)着陆

vt.

自船上卸下

获得

landed

[D.J.:ˈlændɪd]

[K.K.:ˈlændɪd]

adj.

拥有大量土地的

landing

[D.J.:ˈlændɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlændɪŋ]

n.

登陆,着陆

登陆处,(船等的)卸货处

楼梯的平台

land *****

1. land
Land is an area of ground, especially one that is used for a particular purpose such as farming or building.

- Good agricultural land is in short supply.

- ...160 acres of land.

- ...a small piece of grazing land.

N-UNCOUNT

2. land lands
You can refer to an area of land which someone owns as their land or their lands .

- Their home is on his father's land.

- His lands were poorly farmed.

N-COUNT: poss N

3. land
If you talk about the land , you mean farming and the way of life in farming areas, in contrast to life in the cities.

- Living off the land was hard enough at the best of times.

N-SING: the N

4. land
Land is the part of the world that consists of ground, rather than sea or air.

- It isn't clear whether the plane went down over land or sea.

- ...a stretch of sandy beach that was almost inaccessible from the land.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N

5. land lands
You can use land to refer to a country in a poetic or emotional way. (LITERARY)

- Her husband's body lies buried 2,000 miles away in a strange land.

- ...blessed lands of sun and sea and olive trees.

- ...America, land of opportunity.

- ...this land of free speech.

N-COUNT: with supp

6. land lands landing landed
When someone or something lands , they come down to the ground after moving through the air or falling.

- He was sent flying into the air and landed 20ft away.

- Three mortar shells had landed close to a crowd of people.

VB

7. land lands landing landed
When someone lands a plane, ship, or spacecraft, or when it lands , it arrives somewhere after a journey.

- The jet landed after a flight of just under three hours.

- He landed his troops on the western shore.

- The crew finally landed the plane on its belly on the soft part of the runway.

V-ERG

8. land lands landing landed
To land goods somewhere means to unload them there at the end of a journey, especially by ship. (mainly BRIT)

- The vessels will have to land their catch at designated ports.

- ...a five-man gang which landed the huge shipment on the Cornwall coast.

VB

9. land lands landing landed
If you land in an unpleasant situation or place or if something lands you in it, something causes you to be in it. (INFORMAL)

- He landed in a psychiatric ward.

- This is not the first time his exploits have landed him in trouble.

V-ERG

10. land lands landing landed
If someone or something lands you with a difficult situation, they cause you to have to deal with the difficulties involved. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The other options simply complicate the situation and could land him with more expense.

VB
= saddle

11. land lands landing landed
If something lands somewhere, it arrives there unexpectedly, often causing problems. (INFORMAL)

- Two days later the book had already landed on his desk.

- This was the weekend that the war finally landed on their doorstep.

VB
= arrive

12. land lands landing landed
If you land a fish, you succeed in catching it and getting it out of the water.

- One angler landed fish of 10 lb and 9 lb on the same day.

VB
= catch

13. land lands landing landed
If you land something that is difficult to get and that many people want, you are successful in getting it. (INFORMAL)

- He landed a place on the graduate training scheme.

- His flair with hair soon landed him a part-time job at his local barbers.

VB
= get

14. land lands landing landed
If someone lands a blow or punch or if their blow or punch lands , they hit someone.

- De Leon landed a punch on the Italian's mouth after the end of the eleventh round.

- I could hear the blows landing as he appealed for help.

V-ERG

landed

landed
Landed means owning or including a large amount of land, especially land that has belonged to the same family for several generations.

- Most of them were the nobility and the landed gentry.

- ...the erosion of the aristocracy's landed wealth.

ADJ: ADJ n

landing **

1. landing landings
In a house or other building, the landing is the area at the top of the staircase which has rooms leading off it.

- I ran out onto the landing.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

2. landing landings
A landing is an act of bringing an aircraft or spacecraft down to the ground.

- I had to make a controlled landing into the sea.

- The plane had been cleared for landing at Brunswick's Glynco Airport.

N-VAR
= touchdown

3. landing landings
When a landing takes place, troops are unloaded from boats or aircraft at the beginning of a military invasion or other operation.

- American forces have begun a big landing.

N-COUNT

4. landing landings
A landing is the same as a landing stage .
N-COUNT

land

noun

1.

ground

dry land

earth

terra firma

2.

soil

dirt

ground

loam

3.

countryside

farmland

4.

property

estate

grounds

realty

5.

country

district

nation

province

region

territory

tract

verb

6.

arrive

alight

come to rest

disembark

dock

touch down

7.

end up

turn up

wind up

8.

obtain

acquire

gain

get

secure

win

land up *****

land up lands up; landing up; landed up
If you say that you land up in a place or situation, you mean that you arrive there after a long journey or at the end of a long series of events. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Half of those who went east seem to have landed up in southern India.

- We landed up at the Las Vegas at about 6.30.

PHR-V
= end up wind up

landfall

[D.J.:ˈlændfɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈlændˌfɔl]

n.

着陆

landfall

landfall landfalls
Landfall is the act of arriving somewhere after a journey at sea, or the land that you arrive at.

- By the time we had made landfall the boat looked ten years older!

N-VAR

landfill

[D.J.:ˈlændˌfɪl]

[K.K.:ˈlændˌfɪl]

n.

废弃物填埋场;废弃物填埋;填埋的废弃物

landfill *

1. landfill
Landfill is a method of getting rid of very large amounts of rubbish by burying it in a large deep hole.

- ...the environmental costs of landfill.

N-UNCOUNT

2. landfill landfills
A landfill is a large deep hole in which very large amounts of rubbish are buried.

- The rubbish in modern landfills does not rot.

- ...the cost of disposing of refuse in landfill sites.

N-COUNT: oft N n

landing craft

landing craft
A landing craft is a small boat designed for the landing of troops and equipment on the shore.

- The engine of one landing craft was still running.

N-COUNT landing craft is both the singular and the plural form

landing gear

landing gear
The landing gear of an aircraft is its wheels and the structures that support the wheels.
N-UNCOUNT

landing stage

landing stage landing stages
A landing stage is a platform built over water where boats stop to let people get off, or to load or unload goods. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT also landing-stage .
= jetty landing

landing strip

landing strip landing strips
A landing strip is a long flat piece of land from which aircraft can take off and land, especially one used only by private or military aircraft.
N-COUNT

landlady

[D.J.:ˈlændˌleɪdi:]

[K.K.:ˈlændˌledi]

n.

女房东,女店主,女地主

landlady *

1. landlady landladies
Someone's landlady is the woman who allows them to live or work in a building which she owns, in return for rent.

- We had been made homeless by our landlady.

N-COUNT

2. landlady landladies
The landlady of a pub is the woman who owns or runs it, or the wife of the man who owns or runs it. (BRIT)

- ...Bet, the landlady of the Rovers Return.

N-COUNT

3. landlady landladies
A landlady is the woman who owns or runs a boarding house or inn. (AM; ALSO BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

landless

[D.J.:ˈlændlis]

[K.K.:ˈlændlɪs]

adj.

无主地的,无不动产的,无陆地的

landless

1. landless
Someone who is landless is prevented from owning the land that they farm.

- ...landless peasants.

ADJ

2. landless
The landless are people who are landless.

- We are giving an equal area of land to the landless.

N-PLURAL: the N

landlocked

[D.J.:ˈlændˌlɔkt]

[K.K.:ˈlændˌlɑkt]

adj.

被陆地包围的

landlocked

landlocked
A landlocked country is surrounded by other countries and does not have its own ports.

- ...the landlocked West African nation of Mali.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also land-locked .

landlord

[D.J.:ˈlændlɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈlændˌlɔrd]

n.

房东; 地主

店主

landlord **

1. landlord landlords
Someone's landlord is the man who allows them to live or work in a building which he owns, in return for rent.

- His landlord doubled the rent.

N-COUNT

2. landlord landlords
The landlord of a pub is the man who owns or runs it, or the husband of the woman who owns or runs it. (mainly BRIT)

- The landlord refused to serve him because he considered him too drunk.

N-COUNT

3. landlord landlords
A landlord is the man who owns or runs a boarding house or inn. (AM; ALSO BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

landlord

noun Informal

1.

innkeeper

host

hotelier

2.

owner

freeholder

lessor

proprietor

landlubber

[D.J.:ˈlændlʌbə]

[K.K.:ˈlændˌlʌbɚ]

n.

(水手用语)“旱鸭子”(指新水手,不习惯航海的人)

landlubber

landlubber landlubbers
A landlubber is someone who is not used to or does not like travelling by boat, and has little knowledge of boats and the sea. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

landmark

[D.J.:ˈlændˌmɑ:k]

[K.K.:ˈlændˌmɑrk]

n.

界标

目标,明显的标志

里程碑

landmark **

1. landmark landmarks
A landmark is a building or feature which is easily noticed and can be used to judge your position or the position of other buildings or features.

- The Ambassador Hotel is a Los Angeles landmark.

N-COUNT

2. landmark landmarks
You can refer to an important stage in the development of something as a landmark .

- ...a landmark arms control treaty...

- The baby was one of the big landmarks in our relationship.

N-COUNT: oft N n, N in n

landmark

noun

1.

feature

monument

2.

milestone

turning point

watershed

land mass

land mass land masses
A land mass is a very large area of land such as a continent.

- ...the Antarctic landmass.

- ...the country's large land mass of 768 million hectares.

N-COUNT also landmass .

landmine

n.

地雷,投伞水雷

landmine

landmine landmines
A landmine is an explosive device which is placed on or under the ground and explodes when a person or vehicle touches it.
N-COUNT also land mine .
= mine

landowner

[D.J.:ˈlændˌəʊnə]

[K.K.:ˈlændˌonɚ]

n.

土地拥有者;地主

landowner *

landowner landowners
A landowner is a person who owns land, especially a large amount of land.

- ...rural communities involved in conflicts with large landowners.

N-COUNT

landowning

[ˈlændˌəuniŋ]

adj.

拥有土地的,有关土地所有权的

n.

作为地主

landowning

landowning
Landowning is used to describe people who own a lot of land, especially when they are considered as a group within society.

- ...a wealthy Scottish landowning family.

- ...the Anglo-Irish landowning class.

ADJ: ADJ n

land reform

land reform land reforms
Land reform is a change in the system of land ownership, especially when it involves giving land to the people who actually farm it and taking it away from people who own large areas for profit.

- ...the new land reform policy under which thousands of peasant families are to be resettled.

N-VAR

land registry

land registry land registries
In Britain, a land registry is a government office where records are kept about each area of land in a country or region, including information about who owns it.
N-COUNT

landscape

[D.J.:ˈlændskeip]

[K.K.:ˈlændˌskep]

n.

风景, 景色

风景画, 风景照

landscaping

[ˈlændˌskeipiŋ]

n.

景观美化

landscape ***

1. landscape landscapes
The landscape is everything you can see when you look across an area of land, including hills, rivers, buildings, trees, and plants.

- ...Arizona's desert landscape...

- We moved to Northamptonshire and a new landscape of hedges and fields.

N-VAR: oft supp N

2. landscape landscapes
A landscape is all the features that are important in a particular situation.

- June's events completely altered the political landscape.

- ...a landscape of unparalleled ignorance.

N-COUNT: with supp

3. landscape landscapes
A landscape is a painting which shows a scene in the countryside.
N-COUNT

4. landscape landscapes landscaping landscaped
If an area of land is landscaped , it is changed to make it more attractive, for example by adding streams or ponds and planting trees and bushes.

- The gravel pits have been landscaped and planted to make them attractive to wildfowl.

- They had landscaped their property with trees, shrubs, and lawns.

- ...a smart suburb of landscaped gardens and wide streets.

VB

5. landscaping

- The landowner insisted on a high standard of landscaping.

N-UNCOUNT

landscape

noun

scenery

countryside

outlook

panorama

prospect

scene

view

vista

landscape architect

landscape architect landscape architects
A landscape architect is the same as a landscape gardener .
N-COUNT

landscape gardener

landscape gardener landscape gardeners
A landscape gardener is a person who designs gardens or parks so that they look attractive.
N-COUNT
= landscape architect

landslide

[D.J.:ˈlændˌslaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈlændˌslaɪd]

n.

山崩;(山坡、悬崖等的)崩塌;滑坡

(竞选中)一方选票占压倒性多数;一面倒的胜利

landslide *

1. landslide landslides
A landslide is a victory in an election in which a person or political party gets far more votes or seats than their opponents.

- He won last month's presidential election by a landslide.

- The NLD won a landslide victory in the elections five months ago.

N-COUNT

2. landslide landslides
A landslide is a large amount of earth and rocks falling down a cliff or the side of a mountain.

- The storm caused landslides and flooding in Savona.

N-COUNT

landslide

noun

1.

rockfall

avalanche

landslip

adjective

2.

overwhelming

conclusive

decisive

runaway

landslip

[D.J.:ˈlændslip]

[K.K.:ˈlændˌslɪp]

n.

山崩,地滑,崩塌,塌方

landslip

landslip landslips
A landslip is a small movement of soil and rocks down a slope. (mainly BRIT; in AM use slide or mudslide )

- Roads were flooded or blocked by landslips.

N-COUNT

landward

[D.J.:ˈlændwəd]

[K.K.:ˈlændwəd]

adj.

向陆的,近陆的

adv.

向陆地

landward

landward
The landward side of something is the side nearest to the land or facing the land, rather than the sea.

- Rebels surrounded the city's landward sides.

ADJ: ADJ n

lane

[D.J.:lein]

[K.K.:len]

n.

小路, 小巷

车道, 行车线

分道, 跑道; 泳道

航道, 航线

lane ***

1. lane lanes
A lane is a narrow road, especially in the country.

- ...a quiet country lane...

- Follow the lane to the river.

N-COUNT

2. lane
Lane is also used in the names of roads, either in cities or in the country.

- ...The Dorchester Hotel, Park Lane.

N-IN-NAMES

3. lane lanes
A lane is a part of a main road which is marked by the edge of the road and a painted line, or by two painted lines.

- The lorry was travelling at 20mph in the slow lane.

- I pulled out into the eastbound lane of Route 2.

N-COUNT: usu adj N

4. lane lanes
At a swimming pool or athletics track, a lane is a long narrow section which is marked by lines or ropes.

- The pool is divided into three sections with a crawler lane for beginners.

- Drawn in lane three, she had all her rivals in sight.

N-COUNT

5. lane lanes
A lane is a route that is frequently used by aircraft or ships.

- The collision took place in the busiest shipping lanes in the world.

N-COUNT: usu n N

6. lane
If you say that someone lives their life in the fast lane , you mean that they live in a way which seems full of activity and excitement but which often involves a lot of pressure.

- ...the young criminals' lust for life in the fast lane.

PHR: usu in PHR

lane

noun

road

alley

footpath

passageway

path

pathway

street

way

language

[D.J.:ˈlæŋɡwidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ]

n.

语言

(某民族、某国家的)语言文字

表达方式

粗话, 骂人的话

language ****

1. language languages
A language is a system of communication which consists of a set of sounds and written symbols which are used by the people of a particular country or region for talking or writing.

- ...the English language...

- Students are expected to master a second language.

- Holidays are for seeing the sights, hearing the language and savouring the smells.

N-COUNT

2. language
Language is the use of a system of communication which consists of a set of sounds or written symbols.

- Students examined how children acquire language.

- Language is not art but both are forms of human behavior.

N-UNCOUNT

3. language
You can refer to the words used in connection with a particular subject as the language of that subject.

- ...the language of business.

N-UNCOUNT: the N of n, supp N

4. language
You can refer to someone's use of rude words or swearing as bad language when you find it offensive.

- Television companies tend to censor bad language in feature films.

- There's a girl gonna be in the club, so you guys watch your language.

N-UNCOUNT: adj N, poss N

5. language
The language of a piece of writing or speech is the style in which it is written or spoken.

- ...a booklet summarising it in plain language...

- The tone of his language was diplomatic and polite.

- Mr Harris has not been afraid to use language that many in his party despise.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

6. language languages
You can use language to refer to various means of communication involving recognizable symbols, non-verbal sounds, or actions.

- Some sign languages are very sophisticated means of communication.

- ...the digital language of computers.

N-VAR: supp N, N of n

language

noun

1.

speech

communication

discourse

expression

parlance

talk

2.

tongue

dialect

patois

vernacular

language laboratory

language laboratory language laboratories
A language laboratory is a classroom equipped with tape recorders or computers where people can practise listening to and talking foreign languages.
N-COUNT

languid

[D.J.:ˈlæŋgwɪd]

[K.K.:ˈlæŋɡwɪd]

adj.

没精打采的

懒散的

languidly

adv.

languidly

[D.J.:ˈlæ ŋ g wɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈlæ ŋɡ wɪdlɪ]

adv.

疲倦地;阴沉地;不感兴趣地;不活泼地

languid *

1. languid
If you describe someone as languid , you mean that they show little energy or interest and are very slow and casual in their movements. (LITERARY)

- He's a large, languid man with a round and impassive face.

- Time spent at Jumby Bay can be as energetic or as languid as you wish.

ADJ-GRADED

2. languidly

- We sat about languidly after dinner.

- A tanned blonde in a bikini swims languidly in the clear swimming pool.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

languid

adjective

1.

lazy

indifferent

lackadaisical

languorous

listless

unenthusiastic

2.

lethargic

dull

heavy

sluggish

torpid

languish

[D.J.:ˈlæŋgwɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈlæŋɡwɪʃ]

vi.

①长期受苦,受折磨

变得(越来越)衰弱

因渴望而变得憔悴或闷闷不乐

languishing

[ˈlæŋɡwiʃiŋ]

adj.

日趋衰弱的,苦思的,渴望的

languish *

1. languish languishes languishing languished
If someone languishes somewhere, they are forced to remain and suffer in an unpleasant situation.

- Pollard continues to languish in prison.

- No one knows for certain how many refugees wander the world today, or languish in camps without a permanent place of settlement.

VB

2. languish languishes languishing languished
If something languishes , it is not successful, often because of a lack of effort or because of a lot of difficulties.

- Without the founder's drive and direction, the company gradually languished.

- New products languish on the drawing board.

VB

languish

verb

1.

weaken

decline

droop

fade

fail

faint

flag

wilt

wither

often with for 2.

pine

desire

hanker

hunger

long

yearn

3.

be neglected

be abandoned

rot

suffer

waste away

languor

[D.J.:ˈlæŋgə, ˈlæŋə]

[K.K.:ˈlæŋɡɚ, ˈlæŋɚ]

n.

无精打采

倦怠

柔情,惹人爱怜的神色

languorous

adj.

languorous

[ˈlæŋɡərəs]

adj.

怠惰的,没精打采的

languor

languor
Languor is a pleasant feeling of being relaxed and not having any energy or interest in anything. (LITERARY)

- She, in her languor, had not troubled to eat much.

N-UNCOUNT

languorous

languorous
If you describe an activity as languorous , you mean that it is lazy, relaxed, and not energetic, usually in a pleasant way. (LITERARY)

- ...languorous morning coffees on the terrace.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

lank

[D.J.:læŋk]

[K.K.:læŋk]

adj.

(头发)平直的,稀疏的

(人)瘦长的

lankly

adv.

lankness

n.

lankly

adv.

瘦地,细长地

lank

lank
If someone's hair is lank , it is long and perhaps greasy and hangs in a dull and unattractive way.

- She ran her fingers through her hair; it felt lank and dirty.

ADJ-GRADED

lank

adjective

1.

limp

lifeless

straggling

2.

thin

emaciated

gaunt

lean

scrawny

skinny

slender

slim

spare

lanky

[D.J.:ˈlæŋki:]

[K.K.:ˈlæŋki]

adj.

过分瘦长,瘦长得难看

lanky

lanky lankier lankiest
If you describe someone as lanky , you mean that they are tall and thin and move rather awkwardly.

- He was six feet four, all lanky and leggy.

ADJ-GRADED

lanky

adjective

gangling

angular

bony

gaunt

rangy

spare

tall

lantern

[D.J.:ˈlæntən]

[K.K.:ˈlæntən]

n.

灯笼

灯塔

lantern *

lantern lanterns
A lantern is a lamp in a metal frame with glass sides and with a handle on top so you can carry it.
N-COUNT

Laotian

[leiˈəuʃən]

n.

老挝人

adj.

老挝的,老挝人的,老挝语的

Laotian

1. Laotian
Laotian means belonging or relating to Laos, or its people, language, or culture.

- ...the Laotian border.

ADJ

2. Laotian Laotians
A Laotian is a Laotian citizen, or a person of Laotian origin.

- Four-fifths of Laotians are farmers.

N-COUNT

3. Laotian
Laotian is the language spoken by people who live in Laos.
N-UNCOUNT

lap

[D.J.:læp]

[K.K.:læp]

vt.

舔; 舔食

轻拍; 冲拍

领先一圈

包; 缠绕(布等)于

vi.

跑完一圈

n.

一圈

(坐着时)膝上腰下的大腿部分

裙兜

lapped

搭接的;重叠的

lapping

[ˈlæpiŋ]

n.

搭接,搭叠,重叠

laps

折皮

lap ***

1. lap laps
If you have something on your lap when you are sitting down, it is on top of your legs and near to your body.

- She waited quietly with her hands in her lap.

- Hugh glanced at the child on her mother's lap.

N-COUNT: poss N

2. lap laps
In a race, a competitor completes a lap when they have gone round a course once.

- ...that last lap of the race...

- On lap two, Baker edged forward.

N-COUNT: usu ord/adj N, N num

3. lap laps lapping lapped
In a race, if you lap another competitor, you go past them while they are still on the previous lap.

- He was caught out while lapping a slower rider.

VB

4. lap laps
A lap of a long journey is one part of it, between two points where you stop.

- I had thought we might travel as far as Oak Valley, but we only managed the first lap of the journey.

N-COUNT: N of n, ord/adj N
= leg

5. lap laps lapping lapped
When water laps against something such as the shore or the side of a boat, it touches it gently and makes a soft sound. (WRITTEN)

- ...the water that lapped against the pillars of the boathouse...

- With a rising tide the water was lapping at his chin before rescuers arrived.

- The building was right on the river and the water lapped the walls.

VB

6. lapping

- The only sound was the lapping of the waves.

N-UNCOUNT: the N of n

7. lap laps lapping lapped
When an animal laps a drink, it uses short quick movements of its tongue to take liquid up into its mouth.

- It lapped milk from a dish.

VB

8. lap up laps up; lappingup; lapped up
Lap up means the same as lap .

- She poured some water into a plastic bowl. Faust, her Great Dane, lapped it up with relish.

PHR-V

9. lap
If you say that a situation is in the lap of the gods , you mean that its success or failure depends entirely on luck or on things that are outside your control.

- They had to stop the operation, so at that stage my life was in the lap of the gods.

PHR: v-link PHR

10. lap
If you say that someone lives in the lap of luxury , you mean that they live in conditions of great comfort and wealth.

- We don't live in the lap of luxury, but we're comfortable.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR

lap up ***

lap up laps up; lapping up; lapped up
If you say that someone laps up something such as information or attention, you mean that they accept it eagerly, usually when you think they are being foolish for believing that it is sincere.

- Their audience will lap up whatever they throw at them.

- He lapped up the attention and the opportunity to voice his thoughts.

- They just haven't been to school before. They're so eager to learn, they lap it up.

PHR-V
See lap 6

lap

noun

circuit

circle

loop

orbit

tour

lap

verb

1.

ripple

gurgle

plash

purl

splash

swish

wash

2.

drink

lick

sip

sup

lap dancing

1. lap dancing
Lap dancing is a type of entertainment in a bar or club in which a woman who is wearing very few clothes dances in a sexy way close to customers or sitting on their laps.
N-UNCOUNT

2. lap dancer lap dancers

- ...a club full of lap dancers.

N-COUNT

lapel

[D.J.:ləˈpel]

[K.K.:ləˈpɛl]

n.

(西服上衣或夹克的)翻领

lapel *

lapel lapels
The lapels of a jacket or coat are the two top parts at the front that are folded back on each side and join on to the collar.
N-COUNT

lapis lazuli

lapis lazuli
Lapis lazuli is a bright blue stone, used especially in making jewellery.
N-UNCOUNT

lap of honour

lap of honour laps of honour
If the winner of a race or game does a lap of honour , they run or drive slowly around a race track or sports field in order to receive the applause of the crowd. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

lapse

[D.J.:læps]

[K.K.:læps]

n.

失误, 过失; 小毛病

行为失检; 偏离正道; 背弃信仰

时间的流逝[推移, 间隔]

vi.

退步; 陷入; 倒退, 衰退

丧失, 失效(商务协议、官员、法律权利等, 尤指因未予运用、死亡或放弃)

lapsed

[D.J.:læpst]

[K.K.:læpst]

adj.

流失的,堕落的

lapse *

1. lapse lapses
A lapse is a moment or instance of bad behaviour by someone who usually behaves well.

- On Friday he showed neither decency nor dignity. It was an uncommon lapse.

N-COUNT: usu adj N, N in n

2. lapse lapses
A lapse of something such as concentration or judgement is a temporary lack of that thing, which can often cause you to make a mistake.

- I had a little lapse of concentration in the middle of the race.

- He was a genius and because of it you could accept lapses of taste.

- The incident was being seen as a serious security lapse.

N-COUNT: N of n, supp N

3. lapse lapses lapsing lapsed
If you lapse into a quiet or inactive state, you stop talking or being active.

- She muttered something unintelligible and lapsed into silence.

- Doris Brown closed her eyes and lapsed into sleep.

VB

4. lapse lapses lapsing lapsed
If someone lapses into a particular way of speaking, or behaving, they start speaking or behaving in that way, usually for a short period.

- She lapsed into a little girl voice to deliver a nursery rhyme.

- Teenagers occasionally find it all too much to cope with and lapse into bad behaviour.

VB
= slip

5. lapse lapses
Also a noun.

- Her lapse into German didn't seem peculiar. After all, it was her native tongue.

N-COUNT: usu N into n

6. lapse
A lapse of time is a period that is long enough for a situation to change or for people to have a different opinion about it.

- ...the restoration of diplomatic relations after a lapse of 24 years...

- There is usually a time lapse between receipt of new information and its publication.

N-SING: usu N of n, supp N
= interval

7. lapse lapses lapsing lapsed
If a period of time lapses , it passes.

- New products and production processes are transferred to the developing countries only after a substantial amount of time has lapsed.

VB
= pass

8. lapse lapses lapsing lapsed
If a situation or legal contract lapses , it is allowed to end rather than being continued, renewed, or extended.

- Her membership of the Labour Party has lapsed.

- Ford allowed the name and trademark to lapse during the Eighties.

VB
≠ continue

9. lapse lapses lapsing lapsed
If a member of a particular religion lapses , they stop believing in it or stop following its rules and practices.

- I lapsed in my 20s, returned to it, then lapsed again, while writing the life of historical Jesus.

- She calls herself a lapsed Catholic.

VB

lapse

noun

1.

mistake

error

failing

fault

indiscretion

negligence

omission

oversight

slip

2.

interval

break

breathing space

gap

intermission

interruption

lull

pause

3.

drop

decline

deterioration

fall

verb

4.

drop

decline

degenerate

deteriorate

fall

sink

slide

slip

5.

end

expire

run out

stop

terminate

lapsed

adjective

out of date

discontinued

ended

expired

finished

invalid

run out

laptop

[D.J.:ˈlæpˌtɔp]

[K.K.:ˈlæpˌtɑp]

n.

便携式电脑

laptop

laptop laptops
A laptop or a laptop computer is a small portable computer.

- She used to work at her laptop until four in the morning.

- ...a laptop computer he called Magic Slate.

N-COUNT

lapwing

[D.J.:ˈlæpwiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlæpˌwɪŋ]

n.

田凫

lapwing

lapwing lapwings
A lapwing is a small dark green bird which has a white breast and feathers sticking up on its head.
N-COUNT

larcenous

[D.J.:ˈlɑ:sinəs]

[K.K.:ˈlɑrsənəs]

adj.

盗窃的

larceny

[D.J.:ˈlɑ:səni:]

[K.K.:ˈlɑrsəni]

n.

盗窃(罪)

larcenous

adj.

larceny

larceny
Larceny is the crime of stealing. (LEGAL)

- Haggerman now faces two to 20 years in prison on grand larceny charges.

N-UNCOUNT
= theft

larch

[D.J.:lɑ:tʃ]

[K.K.:lɑrtʃ]

n.

落叶松(木材)

larch

larch larches
A larch is a tree with needle-shaped leaves.
N-VAR

lard

[D.J.:lɑ:d]

[K.K.:lɑrd]

n.

猪油

vt.

将肥猪肉片嵌于(牛肉或禽肉)中

涂猪油于

润色;点缀

lard with

(在讲话或文章中)夹杂大量(某类词语)，大量穿插…

larding

[ˈlɑ:diŋ]

n.

填肥肉陷

lard

1. lard
Lard is soft white fat obtained from pigs. It is used in cooking.

- ...lard or beef fat.

N-UNCOUNT

2. lard lards larding larded
If speech or writing is larded with particular types of words, it contains a lot of them or too many of them.

- Official speeches in recent days have been larded with promises of democracy.

- ...a long phone call, larded with `darlings' and a sickening amount of baby-talk.

VB

larder

[D.J.:ˈlɑ:də]

[K.K.:ˈlɑrdɚ]

n.

(家中的)食物贮藏室, 食物橱

larder

larder larders
A larder is a room or large cupboard in a house, usually near the kitchen, in which food is kept. (mainly BRIT; in AM use pantry )
N-COUNT
= pantry

large

[D.J.:lɑ:dʒ]

[K.K.:lɑrdʒ]

adj.

大的, 巨大的; 大规模的; 众多的

n.

大

larger

adj.

大的,多量的

largest

adj.

大的,多量的

large *****

1. large larger largest
A large thing or person is greater in size than usual or average.

- The Pike lives mainly in large rivers and lakes.

- In the largest room about a dozen children and seven adults are sitting on the carpet.

- He was a large man with a thick square head.

ADJ-GRADED
= big ≠ small

2. large larger largest
A large amount or number of people or things is more than the average amount or number.

- The gang finally fled with a large amount of cash and jewellery.

- There are a large number of centres where you can take full-time courses.

- The figures involved are truly very large.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ small

3. large larger largest
A large organization or business does a lot of work or commercial activity and employs a lot of people.

- ...a large company in Chicago...

- Many large organizations run courses for their employees.

ADJ-GRADED
= big ≠ small

4. large larger largest
Large is used to indicate that a problem or issue which is being discussed is very important or serious.

- ...the already large problem of under-age drinking...

- There's a very large question about the viability of the newspaper.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= serious

5. large
You use at large to indicate that you are talking in a general way about most of the people mentioned.

- I think the chances of getting reforms accepted by the community at large remain extremely remote.

- Amongst the population at large the support for the present regime is virtually zero.

PHR: n PHR

6. large
If you say that a dangerous person, thing, or animal is at large , you mean that they have not been captured or made safe.

- The man who tried to have her killed is still at large.

PHR: v-link PHR
= free

7. large
You use by and large to indicate that a statement is mostly but not completely true.

- By and large, the papers greet the government's new policy document with a certain amount of scepticism.

PHR: PHR with cl
= on the whole

large

adjective

1.

big

considerable

enormous

gigantic

great

huge

immense

massive

monumental

sizable or sizeable

substantial

vast

at large

2.

free

at liberty

on the loose

on the run

unconfined

in general

as a whole

chiefly

generally

in the main

mainly

at length

exhaustively

greatly

in full detail

largely

[D.J.:ˈlɑ:dʒli]

[K.K.:ˈlɑrdʒli]

adv.

在很大程度上, 大半地, 主要地

largely ****

1. largely
You use largely to say that a statement is not completely true but is mostly true.

- The fund is largely financed through government borrowing.

- I largely work with people who already are motivated.

- Their weapons have been largely stones.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV with cl/group
= mainly

2. largely
Largely is used to introduce the main reason for a particular event or situation.

- Retail sales dipped 6/10ths of a percent last month, largely because Americans were buying fewer cars.

- The French empire had expanded largely through military conquest.

ADV: ADV prep
= mainly

largely

adverb

mainly

as a rule

by and large

chiefly

generally

mostly

predominantly

primarily

principally

to a great extent

large-scale

[D.J.:ˈlɑ:dʒˈskeɪl]

[K.K.:ˈlɑrdʒˈskel]

adj.

大规模的,大比例尺的,大范围的

large-scale **

1. large-scale
A large-scale action or event happens over a very wide area or involves a lot of people or things.

- ...a large scale military operation.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n also large scale .

2. large-scale
A large-scale map or diagram represents a small area of land or a building or machine on a scale that is large enough for small details to be shown.

- ...a large-scale map of the county.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n also large scale .

large-scale

adjective

wide-ranging

broad

extensive

far-reaching

global

sweeping

vast

wholesale

wide

largesse

[D.J.:lɑ:ˈʒes]

n.

慷慨赠与的钱或物

largesse

largesse
Largesse is a generous gift of money or a generous act of kindness. (FORMAL)

- ...grateful recipients of their largesse.

- ...his most recent act of largesse.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) largess

largish

[D.J.:ˈlɑ:dʒiʃ]

[K.K.:ˈlɑrdʒɪʃ]

adj.

相当大的

largish

largish
Largish means fairly large.

- The symphony does require a largish group of players.

- ...a largish modern city.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= biggish

largo

[D.J.:ˈlɑ:ɡəu]

[K.K.:ˈlɑrɡo]

adj.

缓慢的,宽广的,庄严的

adv.

缓慢地,宽广地,庄严地

n.

缓慢曲

largo

1. largo
Largo written above a piece of music means that it should be played slowly.
ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

2. largo largos
A largo is a piece of music, especially part of a longer piece, that is played slowly.
N-COUNT

lark

[D.J.:lɑ:k]

[K.K.:lɑrk]

n.

百灵科鸟(尤指云雀)

be up/rise with the lark

一大早就起床；鸡鸣即起

blow/sod that for a lark

(因太费力而不想干时说)算了，够了，就这么得了

lark *

1. lark larks
A lark is a small brown bird which makes a pleasant sound.
N-COUNT

2. lark larks
If you say that doing something is a lark , you mean that it is fun, although perhaps naughty or dangerous.

- The children thought it was a great lark.

- The chances are that the thief will be under 21 and doing it for a lark.

- He'd made it seem rather a lark, to be visiting a supposedly haunted house.

N-COUNT

3. lark larks
You use lark in expressions such as this acting lark and the writing lark to indicate humorously that you think an activity or job is amusing, foolish, or unnecessary. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He got the part, and eventually decided the acting lark wasn't half bad.

N-COUNT: the/this n N

lark

noun

1.

prank

caper

escapade

fun

game

jape

mischief

verb

lark about

2.

play

caper

cavort

have fun

make mischief

lark around, lark about *

lark around larks around; larking around; larked around
If you lark around or lark about , you behave in a playful, childish, and silly way, often in order to make people laugh. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The other actors complained about me larking about when they were trying to concentrate.

PHR-V
= muck around fool around

larva

[D.J.:ˈlɑ:və]

[K.K.:ˈlɑrvə]

n.

(昆虫的)幼虫, 幼体

larvae

[D.J.:ˈl ɑ:vi:]

[K.K.:ˈl ɑrvi]

larva *

larva larvae
A larva is an insect at the stage of its life after it has developed from an egg and before it changes into its adult form.

- The eggs quickly hatch into larvae.

- ...a dragonfly larva.

N-COUNT

larval

[ˈlɑ:vəl]

adj.

幼虫的,幼虫状态的

larval

larval
Larval means concerning insect larvae or in the state of being an insect larva.
ADJ: ADJ n

laryngitis

[D.J.:ˌlærənˈdʒaɪtɪs]

[K.K.:ˌlærənˈdʒaɪtɪs]

n.

喉炎

laryngitis

laryngitis
Laryngitis is an infection of the throat in which your larynx becomes swollen and painful, making it difficult to speak.
N-UNCOUNT

larynx

[D.J.:ˈlærɪŋks]

[K.K.:ˈlærɪŋks]

n.

喉

larynx

larynx larynxes
Your larynx is the top part of the passage that leads from your throat to your lungs and contains your vocal cords. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT
= voice box

lasagne

n.

烤宽面条

lasagne

lasagne lasagnes
Lasagne is a food dish that consists of layers of pasta, sauce, and a filling such as meat or cheese, baked in an oven.
N-VAR also lasagna .

lascivious

[D.J.:ləˈsɪvi:əs]

[K.K.:ləˈsɪviəs]

adj.

好色的,淫荡的；色情的; 猥亵的

lasciviously

adv.

lascivious

lascivious
If you describe someone as lascivious , you disapprove of them because they show a very strong interest in sex.

- The man was lascivious, sexually perverted and insatiable.

- ...their lewd and lascivious talk.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

laser

[D.J.:ˈleizə]

[K.K.:ˈlezɚ]

n.

激光

laser **

1. laser lasers
A laser is a narrow beam of concentrated light produced by a special machine. It is used for cutting very hard materials, and in many technical fields such as surgery and telecommunications.

- ...new laser technology...

- Researchers realised that a tunable laser beam might be useful in surgery.

N-COUNT

2. laser lasers
A laser is a machine that produces a laser beam.

- ...the first-ever laser, built in 1960.

N-COUNT

laser disc

laser disc laser discs
A laser disc is a shiny flat disc which can be played on a machine which uses lasers to convert signals on the disc into television pictures and sound of a very high quality.

- Getting Hollywood's latest films released on laser-disc has also helped.

- They've just lent me a laser disc player.

N-COUNT: oft N n, also on N also laser disk .

laser printer

laser printer laser printers
A laser printer is a computer printer that produces clear words and pictures by using laser beams.
N-COUNT

lash

[D.J.:læʃ]

[K.K.:læʃ]

vt.

鞭打

紧系, 捆扎

煽动, 激起

vt. & vi.

突然冲击, 猛烈打击

n.

鞭挞, 鞭打

鞭子

突然猛烈的一击; 急速挥动

lashing

[D.J.:ˈlæʃiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlæʃɪŋ]

n.

鞭打,痛斥,大量,许多

lashings

[D.J.:ˈlæʃiŋz]

[K.K.:ˈlæʃɪŋz]

n.

〈主英口〉很多,大量

lash **

1. lash lashes
Your lashes are the hairs that grow on the edge of your upper and lower eyelids.

- ...sombre grey eyes, with unusually long lashes...

- Joanna studied him through her lashes.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= eyelash

2. lash lashes lashing lashed
If you lash two or more things together, you tie one of them firmly to the other.

- Secure the anchor by lashing it to the rail.

- The shelter is built by lashing poles together to form a small dome.

- Cindy lashed her motorboat alongside.

- We were worried about the lifeboat which was not lashed down.

VB
= tie

3. lash lashes lashing lashed
If wind, rain, or water lashes someone or something, it hits them violently. (WRITTEN)

- The worst winter storms of the century lashed the east coast of North America.

- Suddenly rain lashed against the windows.

- The rain was absolutely lashing down.

- ...gales of lashing rain.

VB

4. lash lashes lashing lashed
If someone lashes you or lashes into you, they speak very angrily to you, criticizing you or saying you have done something wrong.

- She went quiet for a moment while she summoned up the words to lash him.

- The report lashes into police commanders for failing to act on intelligence information.

VB

5. lash
Also a noun.

- Never before had he felt the full lash of John's temper.

N-SING: det N

6. lash lashes
A lash is a thin strip of leather at the end of a whip.
N-COUNT

7. lash lashes
A lash is a blow with a whip, especially a blow on someone's back as a punishment.

- The villagers sentenced one man to five lashes for stealing a ham from his neighbor.

N-COUNT

8. lash lashes lashing lashed
If someone lashes another person, they hit that person with a whip.

- They snatched up whips and lashed the backs of those who had fallen.

VB
= whip

9. lash lashes lashing lashed
If an animal lashes its tail, or if its tail lashes , it moves its tail very fast and violently.

- When in danger, the anteater lashes its tail round a branch.

- They tried to get the harpoon into the ray before the sting tail came lashing over to retaliate.

- Don't go near that lashing tail.

V-ERG

lashing

1. lashing
Lashings of something means a large quantity or amount of it. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Serve by cutting the scones in half and spreading with jam and lashings of clotted cream.

- ...lashings of slapstick comedy.

QUANT: QUANT of n-uncount

2. lashing lashings
Lashings are ropes or cables that are used to tie one thing to another.

- We made a tour of the yacht, checking lashings and emergency gear.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. lashing lashings
If you refer to someone's comments as a lashing , you mean that they are very critical and angry.

- He never grew used to the lashings he got from the critics.

N-COUNT

4. lashing lashings
A lashing is a punishment in which a person is hit with a whip.
N-COUNT

lash

noun

1.

blow

hit

stripe

stroke

swipe informal

verb

2.

whip

beat

birch

flog

scourge

thrash

3.

pound

beat

buffet

dash

drum

hammer

smack

strike

4.

scold

attack

blast

censure

criticize

put down

slate informal chiefly Brit.

tear into informal

upbraid

lash

verb

fasten

bind

make fast

secure

strap

tie

lash out **

1. lash out lashes out; lashing out; lashed out
If you lash out , you attempt to hit someone quickly and violently with a weapon or with your hands or feet.

- Riot police fired in the air and lashed out with clubs to disperse hundreds of demonstrators.

- Her husband has a terrible temper and lashes out at her for no good reason.

PHR-V

2. lash out lashes out; lashing out; lashed out
If you lash out at someone or something, you speak to them or about them very angrily or critically.

- As a politician Jefferson frequently lashed out at the press.

- The Cuban leader lashed out against the policy of the US President.

PHR-V

lass

[D.J.:læs]

[K.K.:læs]

n.

小女孩, 少女;女朋友

lass *

lass
A lass is a young woman or girl. (mainly SCOTTISH, NORTHERN ENGLISH)

- Anne is a Lancashire lass from Longton, near Preston.

- `What is it, lass?' Finlay cried.

N-COUNT; N-VOC

lass

noun

girl

damsel

lassie informal

maid

maiden

young woman

lassie

[D.J.:ˈlæsi]

[K.K.:ˈlæsi]

n.

少女

lassie

lassie
A lassie is a young woman or girl. (mainly SCOTTISH, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT; N-VOC

lassitude

[D.J.:ˈlæsɪˌtu:d, -ˌtju:d]

[K.K.:ˈlæsɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

无精打采

不努力,懒怠

lassitude

lassitude
Lassitude is a state of tiredness, laziness, or lack of interest. (FORMAL)

- Symptoms of anaemia include general fatigue and lassitude.

- ...periods of lassitude and inactivity.

N-UNCOUNT

lasso

[D.J.:ˈlæsəʊ, læˈsu:]

[K.K.:ˈlæso, læˈsu]

n.

<美>(套捕马、牛等用的)套索

vt.

<美>用套索套捕

lasso

1. lasso lassoes
A lasso is a long rope with a loop at one end, used especially by cowboys for catching cattle.
N-COUNT

2. lasso lassoes lassoing lassoed
If you lasso an animal, you catch it by throwing a lasso round its neck and pulling it tight.

- Cowboys drove covered wagons and rode horses, lassoing cattle.

VB

last

[D.J.:lɑ:st]

[K.K.:læst]

vi.

延续; 继续

耐用; 经久

vt.

经受住, 到…之后

adj.

最后的, 末尾的

最近的; 刚过去的, 上一个的

惟一剩下的; 最终的

最不可能的, 最不合适的

n.

最后的[最后提到的]人[物]; 最近的信

adv.

上一次, 最近一次

最后

lasting

[D.J.:ˈlæstɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlæstɪŋ]

adj.

持久的,恒久的

last *****

1. last
You use last in expressions such as last Friday, last night , and last year to refer, for example, to the most recent Friday, night, or year.

- I got married last July.

- He never made it home at all last night.

- Last month a shopkeeper's nephew was shot dead.

- It is not surprising they did so badly in last year's elections.

DET

2. last
The last event, person, thing, or period of time is the most recent one.

- Much has changed since my last visit.

- At the last count inflation was 10.9 per cent.

- I split up with my last boyfriend three years ago.

- The last few weeks have been hectic.

ADJ: det ADJ

3. last
Also a pronoun.

- The next tide, it was announced, would be even higher than the last.

PRON

4. last
If something last happened on a particular occasion, that is the most recent occasion on which it happened.

- When were you there last?.

- The house is a little more dilapidated than when I last saw it.

- Hunting on the trust's 625,000 acres was last debated two years ago.

ADV: ADV with v

5. last
The last thing, person, event, or period of time is the one that happens or comes after all the others of the same kind.

- This is his last chance as prime minister.

- ...the last three pages of the chapter...

- She said it was the very last house on the road.

- They didn't come last in their league.

ORD
≠ first

6. last
Also a pronoun.

- It wasn't the first time that this particular difference had divided them and it wouldn't be the last.

- The trickiest bits are the last on the list.

PRON

7. last
If you do something last , you do it after everyone else does, or after you do everything else.

- I testified last.

- I was always picked last for the football team at school.

- The foreground, nearest the viewer, is painted last.

ADV: ADV after v

8. last
If you are the last to do or know something, everyone else does or knows it before you.

- She was the last to go to bed.

- Riccardo and I are always the last to know what's going on.

PRON: PRON to-inf

9. last
Last is used to refer to the only thing, person, or part of something that remains.

- Jed nodded, finishing off the last piece of pizza.

- ...the freeing of the last hostage.

ADJ: det ADJ

10. last
Also a noun.

- He finished off the last of the wine.

- The last of the ten inmates gave themselves up after twenty eight hours on the roof of the prison.

N-SING: the N of n

11. last
You use last before numbers to refer to a position that someone has reached in a competition after other competitors have been knocked out.

- Sampras reached the last four at Wimbledon.

- ...the only woman among the authors making it through to the last six.

ADJ: det ADJ

12. last
You can use last to indicate that something is extremely undesirable or unlikely.

- The last thing I wanted to do was teach.

- He would be the last person who would do such a thing.

ADJ: det ADJ emphasis

13. last
Also a pronoun.

- I would be the last to say that science has explained everything.

PRON: PRON to-inf

14. last
The last you see of someone or the last you hear of them is the final time that you see them or talk to them.

- She disappeared shouting, `To the river, to the river!' And that was the last we saw of her.

- I had a feeling it would be the last I heard of him.

PRON: the PRON that
≠ first

15. last lasts lasting lasted
If an event, situation, or problem lasts for a particular length of time, it continues to exist or happen for that length of time.

- The marriage had lasted for less than two years.

- The games lasted only half the normal time.

- Enjoy it because it won't last.

VB

16. last lasts lasting lasted
If something lasts for a particular length of time, it continues to be able to be used for that time, for example because there is some of it left or because it is in good enough condition.

- You only need a very small blob of glue, so one tube lasts for ages.

- The repaired sail lasted less than 24 hours.

- The implication is that this battery lasts twice as long as batteries made by other battery makers.

- If you build more plastics into cars, the car lasts longer.

VB

17. last lasts lasting lasted
You can use last in expressions such as last the game , last the course , and last the week , to indicate that someone manages to take part in an event or situation right to the end, especially when this is very difficult for them.

- They wouldn't have lasted the full game.

- I almost lasted the two weeks. I only had a couple of days to do.

VB
= get through

18. last out lasts out; lasting out; lasted out
To last out means the same as to last .

- It'll be a miracle if the band lasts out the tour.

- A breakfast will be served to those who last out till dawn!

PHR-V
= get through

19. last
If you say that something has happened at last or at long last you mean it has happened after you have been hoping for it for a long time.

- I'm so glad that we've found you at last!.

- Here, at long last, was the moment he had waited for.

- At last the train arrived in the station.

- `All right', he said at last. `You may go.'

PHR: PHR with cl
= finally

20. last
You use expressions such as the night before last , the election before last and the leader before last to refer to the period of time, event, or person that came immediately before the most recent one in a series.

- It was the dog he'd heard the night before last.

- In the budget before last a tax penalty on the mobile phone was introduced.

PHR

21. last
If someone breathes their last , they die. (LITERARY)
PHR: V inflects

22. last
You can use phrases such as the last but one , the last but two , or the last but three , to refer to the thing or person that is, for example, one, two, or three before the final person or thing in a group or series.

- It's the last but one day in the athletics programme.

- The British team finished last but one.

PHR: PHR n, PHR after v

23. last
You use every last to emphasize that you are talking about all the people or things in a group or all the parts of something.

- I'd spent all I had, every last penny.

- You'll never quite get rid of every last bit of grit.

- My tape recorder did not catch every last word.

PHR: PHR n emphasis

24. last
The expression last in, first out is used to say that the last person who started work in an organization should be the first person to leave it, if fewer people are needed.

- Workers will go on a `last in, first out' basis.

PHR

25. last
You can use expressions such as the last I heard and the last she heard to introduce a piece of information that is the most recent that you have on a particular subject.

- The last I heard, Joe and Irene were still happily married.

PHR: PHR with cl

26. last
If you leave something or someone until last , you delay using, choosing, or dealing with them until you have used, chosen, or dealt with all the others.

- I have left my best wine until last.

- I picked first all the people who usually were left till last.

PHR: V inflects

27. last
If you see the last of someone , you do not expect to see them or deal with them again.

- I honestly thought I'd seen the last of you.

PHR: V inflects

28. last
If you say that something goes on happening to the last , you mean that it happens throughout the whole of a book, film, or event.

- ...a highly readable political thriller with plenty of twists of plot to keep you guessing to the last.

PHR: PHR after v

29. last
If you say that someone is a particular kind of person to the last , you are emphasizing that they continue to be that kind of person.

- A gentleman to the last, he did not run, but merely attempted to stroll away.

- Armstrong was tall and handsome to the last.

PHR: group PHR emphasis

30. last
You use expressions such as to the last detail and to the last man to indicate that a plan, situation, or activity includes every single person, thing, or part involved.

- Every movement, no matter how casual and spontaneous, needs to be worked out to the last detail.

- Our troops are being used up to the last man.

PHR: PHR after v

lasting **

lasting
You can use lasting to describe a situation, result, or agreement that continues to exist or have an effect for a very long time.

- We are well on our way to a lasting peace.

- She left a lasting impression on him.

- ...but there was no lasting damage.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
See also last .

last

adjective

1.

hindmost

at the end

rearmost

2.

most recent

latest

3.

final

closing

concluding

terminal

ultimate

adverb

4.

in the rear

after

behind

bringing up the rear

in or at the end

last

verb

continue

abide

carry on

endure

keep on

persist

remain

stand up

survive

lasting

adjective

continuing

abiding

durable

enduring

long-standing

long-term

perennial

permanent

last-ditch

adj.

最后防线的,已无后退余地的,坚持到最后的

last-ditch *

last-ditch
A last-ditch action is done only because there are no other ways left to achieve something or to prevent something happening. It is often done without much hope that it will succeed.

- ...a last-ditch attempt to prevent civil war.

- ...a desperate, last-ditch counterattack.

ADJ: ADJ n

last hurrah

last hurrah.
Someone's last hurrah is the last occasion on which they do something, especially at the end of their career.

- I haven't even begun to think about quitting, or having a last hurrah, or allowing my career to wind down.

N-COUNT: usu sing

Last Judgement

Last Judgement
In the Christian religion, the Last Judgement is the last day of the world when God will judge everyone who has died and decide whether they will go to Heaven or Hell.
N-PROPER: the N also Last Judgment .

lastly

[D.J.:ˈlɑ:stlɪ]

adv.

最后(一点)

lastly *

1. lastly
You use lastly when you want to make a final point, ask a final question, or mention a final item that is connected with the other ones you have already asked or mentioned.

- Lastly, I would like to ask about your future plans.

- Thank you to Jim Sheppe for drawing the maps. And lastly, a very big thank-you to Tony, William, Deborah and Bethan.

ADV: ADV with cl/group
= finally

2. lastly
You use lastly when you are saying what happens after everything else in a series of actions or events.

- They wash their hands, arms and faces, and lastly, they wash their feet.

ADV: ADV cl
= finally

last rites

last rites
The last rites are a religious ceremony performed by a Christian priest for a dying person.

- Father Stephen Lea administered the last rites to the dead men.

N-PLURAL: the N

latch

[D.J.:lætʃ]

[K.K.:lætʃ]

n.

(门窗的)门闩

碰锁

vt. & vi.

用碰锁锁上(门等);闩上(门等)

latch on/onto

纠缠，缠住(某人)

附着(在某物上)

对…产生兴趣(并加以利用)

理解，懂得，领会(想法或某人的话等)

latches

门闩线路

latching

[ˈlætʃiŋ]

n.

闭塞,闭锁,关闭;闭塞装置

latch *

1. latch latches
A latch is a fastening on a door or gate. It consists of a metal bar which you lift in order to open the door.

- You left the latch off the gate and the dog escaped.

N-COUNT

2. latch latches
If a door is on the latch or off the latch , the latch has been set so that it will not lock when you shut the door.

- ...a key clicked in the latch of the front door.

- Let yourself in; the door's on the latch.

- They leave their back door off the latch when they're at home so that friends can pop in.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

3. latch latches latching latched
If you latch a door or gate, you fasten it by means of a latch.

- He latched the door, tested it, and turned around to speak to Frank.

VB

latch

noun

1.

fastening

bar

bolt

catch

hasp

hook

lock

verb

2.

fasten

bar

bolt

make fast

secure

latch onto, latch on *

1. latch onto latches onto; latching onto; latched onto
If someone latches onto a person or an idea or latches on , they become very interested in the person or idea, often finding them so useful that they do not want to leave them. (INFORMAL)

- Rob had latched onto me. He followed me around, sat beside me at lunch, and usually ended up working with me.

- Other trades have been quick to latch on.

PHR-V

2. latch onto latches onto; latching onto; latched onto
In sports such as soccer or rugby, if a player latches onto a pass or another player's mistake, they use the opportunity to do something such as score a goal. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Kanchelskis latched onto a superb through ball, before blasting a shot past Southall.

PHR-V

3. latch onto latches onto; latching onto; latched onto
If one thing latches onto another, or if it latches on , it attaches itself to it and becomes part of it.

- These are substances which specifically latch onto the protein on the cell membrane.

PHR-V

latchkey

[D.J.:ˈlætʃki:]

[K.K.:ˈlætʃˌki]

n.

闩锁钥匙,弹簧锁钥匙

latchkey

latchkey
If you refer to a child as a latchkey kid, you disapprove of the fact that they have to let themselves into their home when returning from school because their parents are out at work.
ADJ: ADJ n also latch-key . disapproval

late

[D.J.:leit]

[K.K.:let]

adj.

迟的, 晚的, 迟到的

晚期的, 后期的

不久之前的, 最近的

已故的, 最近去世的

前任的

新的

adv.

迟, 晚

接近末期

到深夜

不久前

lateness

[D.J.:ˈleɪtnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈletnɪs]

n.

迟;晚

later

[D.J.:ˈleitə]

[K.K.:ˈletɚ]

adv.

较晚地; 后来

latest

[D.J.:ˈleitist]

[K.K.:ˈletɪst]

n.

最近的, 最新的

late *****

1. late
Late means near the end of a day, week, year, or other period of time.

- It was late in the afternoon.

- She had to work late at night.

- His autobiography was written late in life.

- The case is expected to end late next week.

- Since late last year the border area has been the scene of heavy fighting.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl, ADV prep/n
≠ early

2. late later latest
Also an adjective.

- The talks eventually broke down in late spring.

- He was in his late 20s.

- ...the late 1960's.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

3. late later latest
If it is late , it is near the end of the day or it is past the time that you feel something should have been done.

- It was very late and the streets were deserted.

- We've got to go now. It's getting late.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

4. lateness

- A large crowd had gathered despite the lateness of the hour.

N-UNCOUNT

5. late
Late means after the time that was arranged or expected.

- Steve arrived late.

- The talks began some fifteen minutes late.

- We got up late.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, oft amount ADV

6. late later latest
Also an adjective.

- His campaign got off to a late start.

- We were a little late.

- The train was 40 minutes late.

- He's a half hour late.

ADJ-GRADED: oft amount ADJ

7. lateness

- He apologised for his lateness.

N-UNCOUNT

8. late
Late means after the usual time that a particular event or activity happens.

- We went to bed very late.

- He married late.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

9. late later latest
Also an adjective.

- They had a late lunch in a cafe.

- He was a very late developer.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

10. late
You use late when you are talking about someone who is dead, especially someone who has died recently.

- ...my late husband.

- ...the late Mr Parkin.

ADJ: det ADJ

11. late
Someone who is late of a particular place or institution lived or worked there until recently. (FORMAL)

- ...Cousin Zachary, late of Bellevue Avenue.

- ...Strobe Talbott, late of Time magazine.

ADJ: v-link ADJ of n

12. late
If you say better late than never when someone has done something, you think they should have done it earlier.

- It's been a long time coming but better late than never.

CONVENTION

13. late
If you say that someone is doing something late in the day , you mean that their action or behaviour may not be fully effective because they have waited too long before doing it.

- I'd left it all too late in the day to get anywhere with these strategies.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR with cl

14. late
You use of late to refer to an event or state of affairs that happened or began to exist a short time ago. (FORMAL)

- His life has changed of late.

- The dollar has been stronger of late.

PHR: PHR with cl
= recently

15. late
If an action or event is too late , it is useless or ineffective because it occurs after the best time for it.

- It was too late to turn back.

- We realized too late that we were caught like rats in a trap.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR with v

later *****

1. Later is the comparative of late .

2. later
You use later on to refer to a time or situation that is after the one that you have been talking about or after the present one.

- He resigned ten years later.

- I'll join you later.

- Burke later admitted he had lied.

- Later on I'll be speaking to Patty Davis.

- This is only going to cause me more problems later on.

PHR: PHR with cl

3. later
You use later to refer to an event, period of time, or other thing which comes after the one that you have been talking about or after the present one.

- At a later news conference, he said differences should not be dramatized.

- The competition should have been re-scheduled for a later date.

- A later report said the oil fire on the sea was out.

ADJ-COMPAR: ADJ n, the ADJ, the ADJ of n

4. later
You use later to refer to the last part of someone's life or career or the last part of a period of history.

- He found happiness in later life.

- In his later years he wrote very little.

- Her later career was best known for her partnership with Rudolf Nureyev.

- ...the later part of the 20th century.

ADJ-COMPAR: ADJ n

latest ****

1. Latest is the superlative of late .

2. latest
You use latest to describe something that is the most recent thing of its kind.

- ...her latest book...

- Latest reports say another five people have been killed.

- The strike is the latest in a series by public employees in protest at worsening economic conditions and government austerity measures.

ADJ-SUPERL: oft v-link ADJ in/of n

3. latest
You can use latest to describe something that is very new and modern and is better than older things of a similar kind.

- Crooks are using the latest laser photocopiers to produce millions of fake banknotes.

- I got to drive the latest model.

- Computers have always represented the latest in technology.

ADJ-SUPERL: oft v-link ADJ in/of n

4. latest
You use at the latest in order to indicate that something must happen at or before a particular time and not after that time.

- She should be back by ten o'clock at the latest.

PHR: amount PHR emphasis

late

adjective

1.

overdue

behind

behindhand

belated

delayed

last-minute

tardy

2.

recent

advanced

fresh

modern

new

3.

dead

deceased

defunct

departed

former

past

adverb

4.

belatedly

at the last minute

behindhand

behind time

dilatorily

tardily

lateness

noun

delay

belatedness

tardiness

later

adverb

afterwards

after

by and by

in a while

in time

later on

subsequently

thereafter

latest

adjective

up-to-date

current

fashionable

modern

most recent

newest

up-to-the-minute

latecomer

[D.J.:ˈleitˌkʌmə]

[K.K.:ˈletˌkʌmɚ]

n.

迟到者

latecomer

latecomer latecomers
A latecomer is someone who arrives after the time that they should have done, or later than others.

- The latecomers stood just outside at door and window.

N-COUNT

lately

[D.J.:ˈleitli]

[K.K.:ˈletli]

adv.

近来, 最近, 不久前

lately **

1. lately
You use lately to describe events in the recent past, or situations that started a short time ago.

- Dad's health hasn't been too good lately.

- Lord Tomas had lately been appointed Chairman of the Centre for Policy Studies.

- `Have you talked to her lately? --- Not lately, really.'.

- Optimism about the US economy has been a rare commodity lately.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV with cl
= recently

2. lately
You can use lately to refer to the job a person has been doing until recently. (FORMAL)

- ...Timothy Jean Geoffrey Pratt, lately deputy treasury solicitor...

ADV: ADV n/-ed

lately

adverb

recently

in recent times

just now

latterly

not long ago

of late

late-night

[D.J.:ˈleitnait]

[K.K.:ˈletˌnaɪt]

adj.

深夜的,午夜的

late-night *

1. late-night
Late-night is used to describe events, especially entertainments, that happen late in the evening or late at night.

- ...John Peel's late-night show on BBC Radio One.

- ...late-night drinking parties.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. late-night
Late-night is used to describe services that are available late at night and do not shut when most commercial activities finish.

- Saturday night was a late-night shopping night.

- ...late-night trains.

ADJ: ADJ n

latent

[D.J.:ˈleitənt]

[K.K.:ˈletnt]

adj.

潜伏的, 潜在的, 不易觉察的

latent *

latent
Latent is used to describe something which is hidden and not obvious at the moment, but which may develop further in the future.

- Advertisements attempt to project a latent meaning behind an overt message.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ overt

latent

adjective

hidden

concealed

dormant

invisible

potential

undeveloped

unrealized

lateral

[D.J.:ˈlætərəl]

[K.K.:ˈlætərəl]

adj.

侧面的,从旁边的,至侧面的

n.

位于侧面的东西(如侧枝)

lateral *

1. lateral
Lateral means relating to the sides of something, or moving in a sideways direction.

- McKinnon estimated the lateral movement of the bridge to be between four and six inches.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. laterally

- Shafts were sunk, with tunnels dug laterally.

ADV: usu ADV after v

lateral

adjective

sideways

edgeways

flanking

lateral thinking

lateral thinking
Lateral thinking is a method of solving problems by using your imagination to help you think of solutions that are not obvious at first. (mainly BRIT)

- The holiday romance can last -- it just requires a bit of lateral thinking.

N-UNCOUNT

latex

[D.J.:ˈleiteks]

[K.K.:ˈleˌtɛks]

n.

乳汁,乳胶,橡胶

latex

latex
Latex is a substance obtained from some kinds of trees, which is used to make products like rubber and glue.
N-UNCOUNT

lathe

[D.J.:leɪð]

[K.K.:leð]

n.

车床

lathe *

lathe lathes
A lathe is a machine which is used for shaping wood or metal.
N-COUNT

lather

[D.J.:ˈlæðə]

[K.K.:ˈlæðɚ]

n.

肥皂泡,泡沫

(马的)汗沫

激动

get into a lather; work yourself into alather

(尤指不必要地)焦躁不安，发怒

in a lather

紧张；愤怒；激动

vi.

(指肥皂)形成泡沫

vt.

用皂沫覆盖

<口>狠狠地打

lathering

[ˈlɑ:ðəriŋ]

n.

痛打,怒骂

lather

1. lather
A lather is a white mass of bubbles which is produced by mixing a substance such as soap or washing powder with water.

- ...the sort of water that easily makes a lather with soap...

- He wiped off the remains of the lather with a towel.

N-SING

2. lather lathers lathering lathered
When a substance such as soap or washing powder lathers , it produces a white mass of bubbles because it has been mixed with water.

- The shampoo lathers and foams so much it's very hard to rinse it all out.

VB

3. lather lathers lathering lathered
If you lather something, you rub a substance such as soap or washing powder on it until a lather is produced, in order to clean it.

- Lather your hair as normal.

- For super-soft skin, lather on a light body lotion before you bathe.

VB

4. lather
If you say that someone works themselves up into a lather or gets in a lather about something, you think that they are getting upset, angry, or worried about it when there is no need to do so.

- You have spent the past six months working yourself up into a lather over situations which are really none of your business.

- `I'm not going to get into a lather over this defeat,' said the manager.

PHR: V inflects

lather

noun

1.

froth

bubbles

foam

soapsuds

suds

2.

fluster

dither chiefly Brit.

flap informal

fuss

state informal

sweat

tizzy informal

verb

3.

froth

foam

soap

Latin

[D.J.:ˈlætn]

[K.K.:ˈlætn..]

n.

拉丁文

adj.

拉丁的,拉丁语的

Latin ***

1. Latin
Latin is the language which the ancient Romans used to speak.
N-UNCOUNT

2. Latin
Latin countries are countries where Spanish, or perhaps Portuguese, Italian, or French, is spoken. You can also use Latin to refer to things and people that come from these countries.

- Cuba was one of the least Catholic of the Latin countries.

- The enthusiasm for Latin music is worldwide.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. Latin Latins
Latins are people who come from countries where Spanish, or perhaps Portuguese, Italian, or French, are spoken or whose families come from one of these countries.

- They are role models for thousands of young Latins.

N-COUNT: usu pl

Latin American **

1. Latin American
Latin American means belonging or relating to the countries of South America, Central America, and Mexico. Latin American also means belonging or relating to the people of culture of these countries.

- Leaders of eight Latin American countries are meeting in Caracas, Venezuela, today.

- ...Latin American art.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Latin American Latin Americans
A Latin American is someone who lives in or comes from South America, Central America, or Mexico.
N-COUNT

Latino

[D.J.:ləˈti:nəu]

[K.K.:ləˈtino, læ-]

n.

〈美〉〈口〉(尤指住在美国的)拉丁美洲人

Latino *

1. Latino Latinos
A Latino is a citizen of the United States who originally came from Latin America, or whose family originally came from Latin America. (mainly AM)

- He was a champion for Latinos and blacks within the educational system.

- ...the city's office of Latino Affairs.

N-COUNT: oft N n also latino .

2. Latino
Latino means belonging or relating to Latino people or their culture.

- ...an exhibition of artwork by local Latino artists.

ADJ also latino .

latitude

[D.J.:ˈlætitju:d]

[K.K.:ˈlætɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

纬度

特指的纬度地区

自由, 自由范围

latitude *

1. latitude latitudes
The latitude of a place is its distance from the equator. Compare longitude .

- In the middle to high latitudes rainfall has risen steadily over the last 20-30 years.

N-VAR

2. latitude
Also an adjective.

- The army must cease military operations above 36 degrees latitude north.

ADJ: usu amount ADJ

3. latitude
Latitude is freedom to choose the way in which you do something. (FORMAL)

- He would be given every latitude in forming a new government.

- His status at the studio afforded him all the artistic latitude he could ask for.

N-UNCOUNT
= freedom

latitude

noun Informal

scope

elbowroom

freedom

laxity

leeway

liberty

licence

play

latrine

[D.J.:ləˈtri:n]

[K.K.:ləˈtrin]

n.

(尤指营地)公共厕所

latrine

latrine latrines
A latrine is a structure, usually consisting of a hole in the ground, that is used as a toilet for example in a military camp.

- There were no proper toilets, but only an outdoor latrine.

- They made me clean out the latrines.

N-COUNT

latte

1. latte
Latte is strong coffee made with hot milk.
N-UNCOUNT

2. latte lattes
A latte is a cup of latte.
N-COUNT

latter

[D.J.:ˈlætə]

[K.K.:ˈlætɚ]

adj.

后半的, 接近终了的

后者的

latter ***

1. latter
When two people, things, or groups have just been mentioned, you can refer to the second of them as the latter .

- He tracked down his cousin and uncle. The latter was sick.

PRON: the PRON

2. latter
Also an adjective.

- There are the people who speak after they think and the people who think while they're speaking. Mike definitely belongs in the latter category.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. latter
You use latter to describe the later part of a period of time or event.

- He is getting into the latter years of his career.

- The latter part of the debate concentrated on abortion.

ADJ: ADJ n
= later

latter

adjective

last-mentioned

closing

concluding

last

second

latter-day

[D.J.:ˈlætəˌdeɪ]

[K.K.:ˈlætɚˌde]

adj.

近代的,现代的

latter-day *

latter-day
Latter-day is used to describe someone or something that is a modern equivalent of a person or thing in the past.

- He holds the belief that he is a latter-day prophet.

ADJ: ADJ n

latterly

[D.J.:ˈlætəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈlætɚlɪ]

adv.

近来,最近

latterly

latterly
You can use latterly to indicate that a situation or event is the most recent one. (WRITTEN)

- He was to remain active in the association, latterly as vice president, for the rest of his life.

- City centres were abandoned first by residents, then by shops, and latterly by businesses.

- Latterly, he has written extensively about alternative medicine.

ADV: ADV with cl/group
= lately recently

latterly

adverb

recently

lately

of late

lattice

[D.J.:ˈlætɪs]

[K.K.:ˈlætɪs]

n.

格子框架

类似格子框架的设计

latticed

adj.

latticed

[ˈlætist]

adj.

装有格子的

lattice

lattice lattices
A lattice is a pattern or structure made of strips of wood or another material which cross over each other diagonally leaving holes in between.

- We were crawling along the narrow steel lattice of the bridge.

N-COUNT: usu sing

lattice

noun

grid

grating

grille

trellis

latticed

latticed
Something that is latticed is decorated with or is in the form of a lattice.

- ...latticed doors...

- The surface of the brain is pinky-grey and latticed with tiny blood vessels.

ADJ: usu ADJ n, also v-link ADJ with n

latticework

[D.J.:ˈlætiswə:k]

[K.K.:ˈlætɪsˌwɚk]

n.

格子

latticework

latticework
Latticework is any structure that is made in the form of a lattice.

- ...balconies shaded with latticework which lets in air but not light.

- ...latticework chairs.

N-UNCOUNT

laud

[D.J.:lɔ:d]

[K.K.:lɔd]

vt.

称赞,赞美

n.

称赞,赞美

laud *

1. laud lauds lauding lauded
If people laud someone, they praise and admire them. (JOURNALISM)

- He lauded the work of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees.

- They lauded the former president as a hero.

- Dickens was lauded for his social and moral sensitivity.

VB

2. lauded

- ...the most lauded actress in New York.

ADJ-GRADED

laudable

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:dəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈlɔdəbəl]

adj.

值得赞美的

laudable

laudable
Something that is laudable deserves to be praised or admired. (FORMAL)

- One of Emma's less laudable characteristics was her jealousy.

- These may be laudable aims, but by enforcing them at gunpoint another vitally important principle is lost.

ADJ-GRADED
= admirable

laudable

adjective

praiseworthy

admirable

commendable

creditable

excellent

meritorious

of note

worthy

laudatory

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:dəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:]

[K.K.:ˈlɔdəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

颂扬的

laudatory

laudatory
A laudatory piece of writing or speech expresses praise or admiration for someone. (FORMAL)

- The New York Times has this very laudatory article about your retirement.

- Beth spoke of Dr. Hammer in laudatory terms.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= complimentary

laugh

[D.J.:lɑ:f]

[K.K.:læf, lɑf]

vi.

笑, 发笑, 嘲笑

vt.

以笑表示, 以笑感动[影响]

n.

笑; 笑声; 笑态

笑料

laughing

[D.J.:ˈlæfɪŋ, ˈlɑ:fɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlæfɪŋ, ˈlɑfɪŋ]

adj.

笑的;带笑意的

be laughing

走运；无忧无虑

a laughing stock

笑柄；笑料

no laughing matter

决不是开玩笑的事；严肃的事

laugh *****

1. laugh laughs laughing laughed
When you laugh , you make a sound with your throat while smiling and show that you are happy or amused. People also sometimes laugh when they feel nervous or are being unfriendly.

- He was about to offer an explanation, but she was beginning to laugh.

- He laughed with pleasure when people said he looked like his dad.

- The British don't laugh at the same jokes as the French.

- `They'll carry me away on a stretcher if I win on Sunday,' laughed Lyle.

VB

2. laugh laughs
Also a noun.

- Lysenko gave a deep rumbling laugh at his own joke.

N-COUNT

3. laugh laughs laughing laughed
If people laugh at someone or something, they mock them or make jokes about them.

- I thought they were laughing at me because I was ugly.

- She wanted to laugh at the melodramatic way he was acting.

VB

4. laugh
If you do something for a laugh or for laughs , you do it as a joke or for fun.

- They were persuaded onstage for a laugh by their mates.

- It's a project she's doing for laughs.

PHR: PHR with v

5. laugh
If a person or their comments get a laugh or raise a laugh , they make the people listening to them laugh. (mainly BRIT)

- If you can get a laugh by wearing a silly hat, you must have been born a comic.

- The joke got a big laugh, which encouraged me to continue.

PHR: V inflects

6. laugh
If you describe a situation as a laugh , a good laugh , or a bit of a laugh , you think that it is fun and do not take it too seriously. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Working there's great. It's quite a good laugh actually.

- It was a good laugh there!

PHR: v-link PHR

7. laugh
If you describe someone as a laugh or a good laugh , you like them because they are amusing and fun to be with. (mainly BRIT)

- Mickey was a good laugh and great to have in the dressing room.

PHR: v-link PHR

8. laugh
If you have a good laugh about something, you find it amusing and realize that it is funny, especially when the situation was at first upsetting.

- We've both had a good laugh about the accident despite what's happened.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

9. laugh
If you say that you have the last laugh , you mean that you become successful at something so that people who criticize or oppose you look foolish.

- Des O'Connor is expecting to have the last laugh on his critics by soaring to the top of the Christmas hit parade.

PHR: V inflects

10. laugh
Some people reply to other people's comments or opinions by saying ` Don't make me laugh ' when they disagree with them and think they are foolish or inaccurate. (INFORMAL)

- Claire, a poisoner? Don't make me laugh -- She was just a lousy cook.

CONVENTION disapproval

11. laugh
If you say ` you've got to laugh ' or ` you have to laugh ', you are trying to see the amusing side of a difficult or disappointing situation rather than being sad or angry about it. (INFORMAL)

- The bikers have shown enough contempt of the law to ride their machines over police cars. `You've got to laugh at their audacity,' said Mr Starkey.

CONVENTION

laugh

verb

1.

chuckle

be in stitches

chortle

giggle

guffaw

snigger

split one's sides

titter

noun

2.

chuckle

chortle

giggle

guffaw

snigger

titter

3.

clown

card informal

entertainer

hoot informal

scream informal

4.

joke

hoot informal

lark

scream informal

laugh off *****

laugh off laughs off; laughing off; laughed off
If you laugh off a difficult or serious situation, you try to suggest that it is amusing and unimportant, for example by making a joke about it.

- The couple laughed off rumours that their marriage was in trouble.

- Whilst I used to laugh it off, I'm now getting irritated by it.

PHR-V

laugh off

verb

disregard

brush aside

dismiss

ignore

minimize

pooh-pooh

shrug off

laughable

[D.J.:ˈlæfəbəl, ˈlɑ:fə-]

[K.K.:ˈlæfəbəl, ˈlɑfə-]

adj.

荒唐可笑的;有趣的;逗人笑的

laughably

adv.

可笑,有趣

laughable *

1. laughable
If you say that something such as an idea or suggestion is laughable , you mean that it is so stupid as to be funny and not worth serious consideration.

- The idea that TV shows like `Dallas' or `Dynasty' represent typical American life is laughable.

- He has denied suggestions that he hates all English people, claiming the allegations are `laughable'.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= ludicrous

2. laughably

- To an outsider, the issues that we fight about would seem almost laughably petty.

ADV: usu ADV adj

laughable

adjective Informal

ridiculous

absurd

derisory

farcical

ludicrous

nonsensical

preposterous

risible

laughing gas

laughing gas
Laughing gas is a type of anaesthetic gas which sometimes has the effect of making people laugh uncontrollably.
N-UNCOUNT

laughingly

[D.J.:ˈl ɑ:fɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈlæfɪ ŋlɪ]

adv.

笑着地;可笑地

laughingly

laughingly
If you laughingly refer to something with a particular name or description, the description is not appropriate and you think that this is either amusing or annoying.

- I spent much of what I laughingly call `the holidays' working through 621 pages of typescript.

- What I laughingly refer to as my garden is a corner lot by our postage-stamp size house.

ADV: ADV with v

laughing stock

laughing stock laughing stocks
If you say that a person or an organization has become a laughing stock , you mean that they are supposed to be important or serious but have been made to seem ridiculous.

- The truth must never get out. If it did she would be a laughing-stock.

- ...his policies became the laughing stock of the financial community.

N-COUNT also laughing-stock .

laughing stock

noun

figure of fun

Aunt Sally Brit.

butt

target

victim

laughter

[D.J.:ˈlɑ:ftə]

[K.K.:ˈlæftɚ, ˈlɑf-]

n.

笑; 笑声

laughter ***

1. laughter
Laughter is the sound of people laughing, for example because they are amused or happy.

- Their laughter filled the corridor.

- He delivered the line perfectly, and everybody roared with laughter.

- ...hysterical laughter.

N-UNCOUNT

2. laughter
Laughter is the fact of laughing, or the feeling of fun and amusement that you have when you are laughing.

- Pantomime is about bringing laughter to thousands.

- My interests: eating out, fun nights in, music and laughter.

N-UNCOUNT
= fun amusement

laughter

noun

amusement

glee

hilarity

merriment

mirth

launch

[D.J.:lɔ:ntʃ]

[K.K.:lɔntʃ, lɑntʃ]

vt.

使(船)下水

发动; 发出; 发射

n.

发射; (船)下水; (新产品)投产

汽艇, 游艇

launching

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:ntʃɪŋ, ˈlɑ:n-]

[K.K.:ˈlɔntʃɪŋ, ˈlɑn-]

n.

(火箭等的)发射

(船的)下水(典礼)

发动;发行;创设

launch ****

1. launch launches launching launched
To launch a rocket, missile, or satellite means to send it into the air or into space.

- NASA plans to launch a satellite to study cosmic rays.

- A Delta II rocket was launched from Cape Canaveral early this morning.

VB

2. launch launches
Also a noun.

- This morning's launch of the space shuttle Columbia has been delayed.

N-VAR

3. launch launches launching launched
To launch a ship or a boat means to put it into water, often for the first time after it has been built.

- There was no time to launch the lifeboats because the ferry capsized with such alarming speed.

VB

4. launch launches
Also a noun.

- The launch of a ship was a big occasion.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

5. launch launches launching launched
To launch a large and important activity, for example a military attack, means to start it.

- Heavy fighting has been going on after the guerrillas had launched their offensive.

- The police have launched an investigation into the incident.

- The President was on holiday when the coup was launched.

VB
= start

6. launch launches
Also a noun.

- ...the launch of a campaign to restore law and order.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

7. launch launches launching launched
If a company launches a new product, it makes it available to the public.

- Crabtree & Evelyn has just launched a new jam, Worcesterberry Preserve.

- Marks & Spencer recently hired model Linda Evangelista to launch its new range.

VB

8. launch launches
Also a noun.

- The company's spending has also risen following the launch of a new Sunday magazine.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

9. launch launches
A launch is a large motorboat that is used for carrying people on rivers and lakes and in harbours.

- The captain was on the deck of the launch, steadying the boat for the pilot.

- We'll make a trip by launch to White Island.

N-COUNT: also by N

launch

verb

1.

propel

discharge

dispatch

fire

project

send off

set in motion

2.

begin

commence

embark upon

inaugurate

initiate

instigate

introduce

open

start

launch into ****

launch into launches into; launching into; launched into
If you launch into something such as a speech, task, or fight, you enthusiastically start it.

- Horrigan launched into a speech about the importance of new projects.

- Geoff has launched himself into fatherhood with great enthusiasm.

PHR-V

launching pad

launching pad launching pads
A launching pad is the same as a launch pad .
N-COUNT

launch pad

1. launch pad launch pads
A launch pad or launching pad is a platform from which rockets, missiles, or satellites are launched.

- ...the launch pad at Cape Canaveral.

N-COUNT

2. launch pad launch pads
A launch pad or launching pad is a situation, for example a job, which you can use in order to go forward to something better or more important.

- Wimbledon has been a launch pad for so many players.

- It was the launching pad for a media career that has made her one of the highest-paid people on British TV.

N-COUNT
= stepping stone

launder

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:ndə, ˈlɑ:n-]

[K.K.:ˈlɔndɚ, ˈlɑn-]

vt.

洗(衣服等);洗烫(衣服等)

<非正>洗(黑钱)(把非法收入改头换面,变为貌似合法的收入)

laundered

adj.

laundering

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:ndərɪŋ]

n.

洗涤(衣等); 洗烫(衣等)

洗(钱)

launder *

1. launder launders laundering laundered
When you launder clothes, sheets, and towels, you wash and iron them. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- How many guests who expect clean towels every day in an hotel launder their own every day at home?.

- She wore a freshly laundered and starched white shirt.

VB

2. launder launders laundering laundered
To launder money that has been obtained illegally means to process it through a legitimate business or to send it abroad to a foreign bank, so that when it comes back nobody knows that it was illegally obtained.

- The House voted today to crack down on banks that launder drug money.

VB

3. launderer

- ...a businessman and self-described money launderer.

N-COUNT

Launderette

Launderette Launderettes
A Launderette is a place where people can pay to use machines to wash and dry their clothes. (TRADEMARK) (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use Laundromat )
N-COUNT (BRIT) also laundrette

Laundromat

Laundromat Laundromats
A Laundromat is the same as a Launderette . (TRADEMARK, AM)
N-COUNT

laundry

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:ndri]

[K.K.:ˈlɔndri, ˈlɑn-]

n.

洗衣店, 洗衣房

洗好的衣服; 待洗的衣服

laundry *

1. laundry
Laundry is used to refer to clothes, sheets, and towels that are about to be washed, are being washed, or have just been washed.

- I'll do your laundry.

- ...the room where I hang the laundry...

- He'd put his dirty laundry in the clothes basket.

N-UNCOUNT
= washing

2. laundry laundries
A laundry is a firm that washes and irons clothes, sheets, and towels for people.

- We had to have the washing done at the laundry.

N-COUNT

3. laundry laundries
A laundry or a laundry room is a room in a house, hotel, or institution where clothes, sheets, and towels are washed.

- He worked in the laundry at Oxford prison.

N-COUNT: usu sing

laundry list

laundry list laundry lists
If you describe something as a laundry list of things, you mean that it is a long list of them.

- ...a laundry list of reasons why shareholders should reject the bid.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

laurel

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:rəl, ˈlɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈlɔrəl, ˈlɑr-]

n.

月桂树

(表示荣誉的)桂冠, 殊荣

laurel *

1. laurel laurels
A laurel or a laurel tree is a small evergreen tree with shiny leaves. The leaves are sometimes used to make decorations such as wreaths.
N-VAR

2. laurel
If someone is resting on their laurels , they appear to be satisfied with the things they have achieved and have stopped putting effort into what they are doing.

- The committee's chairman accused NASA of resting on its laurels after making it to the moon.

- The government couldn't rest on its laurels and must press ahead with major policy changes.

PHR: V inflects disapproval
= sit back

laurels

plural noun

glory

credit

distinction

fame

honour

praise

prestige

recognition

renown

lava

[D.J.:ˈlɑ:və]

n.

(火山喷发的)熔岩

(熔岩冷凝后的)火山岩

lava *

lava lavas
Lava is the very hot liquid rock that comes out of a volcano.
N-MASS

lavatorial

[lævəˈtɔ:riəl]

adj.

厕所的,洗涤的,低级粗俗的

lavatorial

lavatorial
Lavatorial jokes or stories involve childish references to urine or faeces. (mainly BRIT)
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

lavatory

[D.J.:ˈlævətəri]

[K.K.:ˈlævəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

n.

厕所, 盥洗室

lavatory *

lavatory lavatories
A lavatory is the same as a toilet . (mainly BRIT)

- ...the ladies' lavatory at the University of London.

- ...a public lavatory.

N-COUNT
= toilet

lavatory

noun

toilet

bathroom

cloakroom Brit.

latrine

loo Brit. informal

powder room

(public) convenience

washroom

water closet

W.C.

lavatory paper

lavatory paper
Lavatory paper is paper that you use to clean yourself after you have got rid of urine or faeces from your body. (FORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use toilet paper )
N-UNCOUNT
= toilet paper

lavender

[D.J.:ˈlævəndə]

[K.K.:ˈlævəndɚ]

n.

熏衣草

熏衣草的干花和茎

淡紫色

lavender *

1. lavender
Lavender is a garden plant with sweet-smelling, bluish-purple flowers.
N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. lavender lavenders
Lavender is used to describe things that are pale bluish-purple in colour.
COLOUR

lavish

[D.J.:ˈlæviʃ]

[K.K.:ˈlævɪʃ]

adj.

过分慷慨的; 非常浪费的, 太多的

过分丰富的, 无节制的; 大量生产的

lavishly

[D.J.:ˈlævɪʃlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈlævɪʃlɪ]

adv.

非常大方地;浪费地;极其丰富地

lavish **

1. lavish
If you describe something as lavish , you mean that it is very elaborate and impressive and a lot of money has been spent on it.

- ...a lavish party to celebrate Bryan's fiftieth birthday...

- He staged the most lavish productions of Mozart.

- The sets and costumes are lavish.

ADJ-GRADED
= grand

2. lavishly

- ...the train's lavishly furnished carriages.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. lavish
If you say that spending, praise, or the use of something is lavish , you mean that someone spends a lot or that something is praised or used a lot.

- Critics attack his lavish spending and flamboyant style.

- The book drew lavish praise from literary critics.

ADJ-GRADED
= extravagant

4. lavish
If you say that someone is lavish , you mean that they give, spend, or use a lot of something.

- American reviewers are lavish in their praise of this book.

- He was always a lavish spender.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ in/with n

5. lavishly

- Entertaining in style needn't mean spending lavishly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

6. lavish lavishes lavishing lavished
If you lavish money, affection, or praise on someone or something, you spend a lot of money on them or give them a lot of affection or praise.

- Prince Sadruddin lavished praise on Britain's contributions to world diplomacy.

- The emperor promoted the general and lavished him with gifts.

VB

lavish

adjective

1.

plentiful

abundant

copious

profuse

prolific

2.

generous

bountiful

free

liberal

munificent

open-handed

unstinting

3.

extravagant

exaggerated

excessive

immoderate

prodigal

unrestrained

wasteful

wild

verb

4.

spend

deluge

dissipate

expend

heap

pour

shower

squander

waste

law

[D.J.:lɔ:]

[K.K.:lɔ]

n.

法, 法律, 法规

法学

laws

水法规

law *****

1. law
The law is a system of rules that a society or government develops in order to deal with crime, business agreements, and social relationships. You can also use the law to refer to the people who work in this system.

- Obscene and threatening phone calls are against the law.

- They are seeking permission to begin criminal proceedings against him for breaking the law on financing political parties.

- There must be changes in the law quickly to stop this sort of thing ever happening to anyone else.

- The book analyses why women kill and how the law treats them.

N-SING: the N

2. law
Law is used to refer to a particular branch of the law, such as criminal law or company law .

- He was a professor of criminal law at Harvard University law school.

- Under international law, diplomats living in foreign countries are exempt from criminal prosecution.

- Important questions of constitutional law were involved.

N-UNCOUNT: usu adj N

3. law laws
A law is one of the rules in a system of law which deals with a particular type of agreement, relationship, or crime.

- ...the country's liberal political asylum law...

- The law was passed on a second vote.

N-COUNT: oft n N

4. law laws
The laws of an organization or activity are its rules, which are used to organize and control it.

- ...the laws of the Church of England...

- Match officials should not tolerate such behaviour but instead enforce the laws of the game.

N-PLURAL: the N of n, supp N
= rule

5. law laws
A law is a rule or set of rules for good behaviour which is considered right and important by the majority of people for moral, religious, or emotional reasons.

- ...inflexible moral laws.

N-COUNT
= code

6. law laws
A law is a natural process in which a particular event or thing always leads to a particular result.

- The laws of nature are absolute.

N-COUNT: with supp

7. law laws
A law is a scientific rule that someone has invented to explain a particular natural process.

- ...the law of gravity.

N-COUNT: with supp

8. law
Law or the law is all the professions which deal with advising people about the law, representing people in court, or giving decisions and punishments.

- A career in law is becoming increasingly attractive to young people.

- Nearly 100 law firms are being referred to the Solicitors' Disciplinary Tribunal.

N-UNCOUNT

9. law
Law is the study of systems of law and how laws work.

- He came to Oxford and studied law.

- He holds a law degree from Bristol University.

N-UNCOUNT

10. law
If you accuse someone of thinking they are above the law , you criticize them for thinking that they are so clever or important that they do not need to obey the law.

- One opposition member of parliament accuses the government of wanting to be above the law.

- He considered himself above the law.

PHR: v-link PHR disapproval

11. law
The law of averages is the idea that something is sure to happen at some time, because of the number of times it generally happens or is expected to happen.

- On the law of averages we just can't go on losing and losing and losing.

PHR

12. law
If you have to do something by law or if you are not allowed to do something by law , the law states that you have to do it or that you are not allowed to do it.

- By law all restaurants must display their prices outside.

- Minicabs are prohibited by law from touting passers-by for business.

PHR: PHR with cl

13. law
If you go to law , you go to court in order to get a legal judgement on a dispute. (mainly BRIT)

- He went to law and did not succeed in his claim against us.

PHR: V inflects

14. law
If you say that someone lays down the law , you are critical of them because they give other people orders and they think that they are always right.

- ...traditional parents, who believed in laying down the law for their offspring.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

15. law
If someone takes the law into their own hands , they punish someone or do something to put a situation right, instead of waiting for the police or the legal system to take action.

- The speeding motorist was pinned to the ground by angry locals who took the law into their own hands until police arrived.

PHR: V inflects

16. law
If you say that someone is a law unto himself or herself , you mean that they behave in an independent way, ignoring laws, rules, or conventional ways of doing things.

- Some of the landowners were a law unto themselves. There was nobody to check their excesses and they exploited the people.

PHR: v-link PHR

law

noun

1.

constitution

charter

code

2.

rule

act

command

commandment

decree

edict

order

ordinance

regulation

statute

3.

principle

axiom

canon

precept

law-abiding

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:əˌbaɪdɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɔəˌbaɪdɪŋ]

adj.

守法的

law-abiding *

law-abiding
A law-abiding person always obeys the law and is considered to be good and honest because of this.

- The Prime Minister said: `I am anxious that the law should protect decent law-abiding citizens and their property'.

- Gun ownership by law-abiding people was not a problem.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

law-abiding

adjective

obedient

compliant

dutiful

good

honest

honourable

lawful

orderly

peaceable

law and order **

law and order
When there is law and order in a country, the laws are generally accepted and obeyed, so that society there functions normally.

- If there were a breakdown of law and order, the army might be tempted to intervene.

- ...people who had no respect for law and order.

N-UNCOUNT

law-breaker

n.

违法者；犯法的人

law-breaker

law-breaker law-breakers
A law-breaker is someone who breaks the law.

- The money spent on prisons could be better spent on training first-time law-breakers to earn an honest living.

N-COUNT also lawbreaker .

law-breaker

noun

criminal

convict

crook informal

culprit

delinquent

felon

miscreant

offender

villain

wrongdoer

law-breaking

law-breaking
Law-breaking is any kind of illegal activity.

- Civil disobedience, violent or non-violent, is intentional law breaking.

N-UNCOUNT also law breaking .

law court

law court law courts
A law court is a place where legal matters are decided by a judge and jury or by a magistrate.

- She would never resort to the law courts to resolve her marital problems.

N-COUNT

law-enforcement *

law-enforcement
Law-enforcement agencies or officials are responsible for catching people who break the law. (mainly AM)

- We need to restore respect for the law and for bodies such as the army and the law-enforcement agencies.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

lawful

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:fəl]

[K.K.:ˈlɔfəl]

adj.

合法的,法定的,依法的

lawfully

adv.

守法地,合法地

lawful *

1. lawful
If an activity, organization, or product is lawful , it is allowed by law. (FORMAL)

- It was lawful for the doctors to treat her in whatever way they considered was in her best interests.

- Hunting is a lawful activity.

ADJ-GRADED
= legal ≠ unlawful illegal

2. lawfully

- Amnesty International is trying to establish whether the police acted lawfully in shooting him.

ADV: ADV with v
≠ unlawfully

lawful

adjective

legal

authorized

constitutional

legalized

legitimate

licit

permissible

rightful

valid

warranted

lawless

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:lɪs]

[K.K.:ˈlɔlɪs]

adj.

(国家、地方)没有法律的,法纪所不及的

失去法律控制的;无法无天的

lawlessness

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:lɪsnɪs]

[K.K.: ˈlɔlɪsnɪs]

n.

不服从法律;不受法律制约;未实施法律

目无法纪;非法,违法

lawless *

1. lawless
Lawless actions break the law, especially in a wild and violent way.

- The government recognised there were problems in urban areas but these could never be an excuse for lawless behaviour.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. lawlessness

- Lawlessness is a major problem.

N-UNCOUNT

3. lawless
A lawless place or time is one where people do not respect the law.

- ...lawless inner-city streets plagued by muggings, thefts, assaults and even murder.

- ...people struggling to restore moral values in an increasingly lawless and godless age.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

lawless

adjective

disorderly

anarchic

chaotic

rebellious

riotous

unruly

wild

lawlessness

noun

anarchy

chaos

disorder

mob rule

lawmaker

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:meikə]

[K.K.:ˈlɔˌmekɚ]

n.

立法者

lawmaker **

lawmaker lawmakers
A lawmaker is someone such as a politician who is responsible for proposing and passing new laws. (AM)
N-COUNT

lawman

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:mən]

[K.K.:ˈlɔˌmæn, -mən]

n.

执法官,警察,警官

lawman

1. lawman lawmen
Lawmen are men such as policemen or lawyers, whose work involves the law. (JOURNALISM)

- ...the 61-year-old lawman who headed the enquiry.

N-COUNT

2. lawman lawmen
In former times in western North America, a lawman was a sheriff or deputy sheriff. (AM)
N-COUNT

lawn

[D.J.:lɔ:n]

[K.K.:lɔn]

n.

草地, 草坪

lawn **

lawn lawns
A lawn is an area of grass that is kept cut short and is usually part of someone's garden or backyard, or part of a park.

- They were sitting on the lawn under a large beech tree.

N-VAR

lawnmower

n.

剪草机

lawnmower

lawnmower lawnmowers
A lawnmower is a machine for cutting grass on lawns.
N-COUNT also lawn mower .

lawn tennis

lawn tennis
Lawn tennis is the same as tennis .
N-UNCOUNT

lawsuit

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:ˌsu:t]

[K.K.:ˈlɔˌsut]

n.

诉讼

lawsuit **

lawsuit lawsuits
A lawsuit is a case in a court of law which concerns a dispute between two people or organizations. (FORMAL)

- The dispute culminated last week in a lawsuit against the government.

- ...a lawsuit brought by Barclays Bank.

N-COUNT

lawsuit

noun

case

action

dispute

industrial tribunal

litigation

proceedings

prosecution

suit

trial

lawyer

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:jə]

[K.K.:ˈlɔjɚ]

n.

律师; 法学家

lawyer ****

lawyer lawyers
A lawyer is a person who is qualified to advise people about the law and represent them in court.

- Prosecution and defense lawyers are expected to deliver closing arguments next week.

N-COUNT

lawyer

noun

legal adviser

advocate

attorney

barrister

counsel

counsellor

solicitor

lax

[D.J.:læks]

[K.K.:læks]

adj.

不严格的;马虎的;松懈的

<医>(肠)宽松的;腹泻的

laxity

[D.J.:ˈlæksɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈlæksɪti]

n.

松弛;散漫,放纵

(肠的)松动;泻肚

lax *

1. lax laxer laxest
If you say that a person's behaviour or a system is lax , you mean they are not careful or strict about maintaining high standards.

- One of the problem areas is lax security for airport personnel.

- There have been allegations from survivors that safety standards had been lax.

- I was lax in my duties.

ADJ-GRADED

2. laxity

- The laxity of export control authorities has made a significant contribution to the problem.

N-UNCOUNT

lax

adjective

slack

careless

casual

lenient

negligent

overindulgent

remiss

slapdash

slipshod

laxative

[D.J.:ˈlæksətɪv]

[K.K.:ˈlæksətɪv]

n.

轻泻剂,通便剂

laxative *

1. laxative laxatives
A laxative is something you eat or drink that makes faeces come out of your body.

- Foods that ferment quickly in the stomach are excellent natural laxatives.

N-MASS

2. laxative
A laxative food or medicine makes faeces come out of your body.

- The artificial sweetener sorbitol has a laxative effect.

- Molasses are mildly laxative and something of a general tonic.

ADJ-GRADED

lay aside ****

1. lay aside lays aside; laying aside; laid aside
If you lay something aside , you put it down, usually because you have finished using it or want to save it to use later.

- He finished the tea and laid the cup aside.

- This allowed Ms. Kelley to lay aside money to start her business.

PHR-V

2. lay aside lays aside; laying aside; laid aside
If you lay aside a feeling or belief, you reject it or give it up in order to progress with something.

- Perhaps the opposed parties will lay aside their sectional interests and rise to this challenge.

- All animosities were laid aside for the moment.

PHR-V

lay before ****

lay before lays before; laying before; laid before
If you lay an idea or piece of information before someone, you present it to them in detail, usually in order to obtain their approval or advice. (FORMAL)

- The majority party would be unwise to deviate far from the principles it had laid before the electors.

- Now what we need is definite proof that we can lay before the prime minister.

PHR-V

lay down ****

1. lay down lays down; laying down; laid down
If you lay something down , you put it down, usually because you have finished using it.

- Daniel finished the article and laid the newspaper down on his desk.

- She laid down her knife and fork and pushed her plate away.

PHR-V

2. lay down lays down; laying down; laid down
If rules or people in authority lay down what people should do or must do, they officially state what they should or must do.

- The Companies Act lays down a set of minimum requirements.

- Taxis must conform to the rigorous standards laid down by the police.

PHR-V

3. lay down lays down; laying down; laid down
If someone lays down their weapons, they stop fighting a battle or war and make peace.

- The drug-traffickers have offered to lay down their arms.

PHR-V

lie down ****

lie down lies down; lying down; lay down lain down
When you lie down , you move into a horizontal position, usually in order to rest or sleep.

- Why don't you go upstairs and lie down for a bit?

PHR-V

lay in ****

lay in lays in; laying in; laid in
If you lay in an amount of something, you buy it and store it to be used later.

- They began to lay in extensive stores of food supplies.

PHR-V

lay into ****

lay into lays into; laying into; laid into
To lay into someone or something means to start attacking or criticizing them. (INFORMAL)

- A mob of women laid into him with handbags and pointed shoes.

- She used to lay into Gareth about how much he spent.

PHR-V

lay off ****

1. lay off lays off; laying off; laid off
If workers are laid off , they are told by their employers to leave their job, usually because there is no more work for them to do.

- 100,000 federal workers will be laid off to reduce the deficit.

- They did not sell a single car for a month and had to lay off workers.

PHR-V
See also layoff .

2. lay off lays off; laying off; laid off
If you tell someone to lay off , you mean that they should stop touching or criticizing you or someone else. (INFORMAL)

- He went on attacking her until other passengers arrived and told him to lay off.

PHR-V

lay off

verb

dismiss

discharge

let go

make redundant

pay off

lay on ****

lay on lays on; laying on; laid on
If you lay on something such as food, entertainment, or a service, you provide or supply it, especially in a generous or grand way. (mainly BRIT)

- They laid on a superb evening.

- Every facility was laid on to ease their homecoming.

PHR-V

lay on

verb

provide

cater (for)

furnish

give

purvey

supply

lay out ****

1. lay out lays out; laying out; laid out
If you lay out a group of things, you spread them out and arrange them neatly, for example so that they can all be seen clearly.

- Grace laid out the knives and forks at the lunch-table.

- She took a deck of cards and began to lay them out.

PHR-V

2. lay out lays out; laying out; laid out
To lay out ideas, principles, or plans means to explain or present them clearly, for example in a document or a meeting.

- Maxwell listened closely as Johnson laid out his plan.

- Cuomo laid it out in simple language.

PHR-V

3. lay out lays out; laying out; laid out
To lay out an area of land or a building means to plan and design how its different parts should be arranged.

- When we laid out the car parks, we reckoned on one car per four families.

- Only people that use a kitchen all the time understand the best way to lay it out.

PHR-V

4. lay out lays out; laying out; laid out
To lay out a dead person means to clean their body and dress them for people to see before the funeral.

- Friends laid out the body.

PHR-V

5. lay out lays out; laying out; laid out
If you lay out money on something, you spend a large amount of money on it. (INFORMAL)

- You won't have to lay out a fortune for this dining table.

PHR-V

6. lay out lays out; laying out; laid out
To lay someone out means to knock them to the ground, especially by hitting them hard. (INFORMAL)

- Andy turned round, marched over to Chris and just laid him out.

PHR-V

lay out

verb

1.

arrange

design

display

exhibit

plan

spread out

2.

spend

disburse

expend

fork out slang

invest

pay

shell out informal

3.

knock out

knock for six informal

knock unconscious

KO or K.O. slang

lay up ****

lay up lays up; laying up; laid up
If someone is laid up with an illness, the illness makes it necessary for them to stay in bed. (INFORMAL)

- I was laid up in bed with acute rheumatism.

- Powell ruptured a disc in his back and was laid up for a year.

PHR-V: usu passive

layabout

[D.J.:ˈleɪəˌbaʊt]

[K.K.:ˈleəˌbaʊt]

n.

无业游民,游手好闲之徒

layabout

layabout layabouts
If you say that someone is a layabout , you disapprove of them because they do not work and you think they are lazy. (mainly BRIT)

- The plaintiff's sole witness, a gambler and layabout, was easily discredited.

N-COUNT disapproval

layabout

noun

idler

couch potato slang

good-for-nothing

loafer

lounger

ne'er-do-well

skiver Brit. slang

wastrel

lay-by

[ˈleibai]

n.

〈英〉路侧停车带(供途中紧急驶入而不致影响公路上其他车辆),紧急避难所

lay-by

lay-by lay-bys
A lay-by is a short strip of road by the side of a main road, where cars can stop for a while. (BRIT; in AM use pull-off or turn-out )

- I left my car in a lay-by and set off on foot.

N-COUNT

layer

[D.J.:ˈleiə]

[K.K.:ˈleɚ]

n.

层, 层次

layered

[ˈleiəd]

adj.

分层的

layering

[D.J.:ˈleiəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈleərɪŋ]

n.

压条法

layer ***

1. layer layers
A layer of a material or substance is a quantity or piece of it that covers a surface or that is between two other things.

- A fresh layer of snow covered the street.

- ...the depletion of the ozone layer...

- Arrange all the vegetables except the potatoes in layers.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

2. layer layers
If something such as a system or an idea has many layers , it has many different levels or parts.

- ...an astounding ten layers of staff between the factory worker and the chief executive...

- Critics and the public puzzle out the layers of meaning in his photos.

N-COUNT

3. layer layers layering layered
If you layer something, you arrange it in layers.

- Layer the potatoes, asparagus and salmon in the tin.

- By lifting and layering her hair, Michael created a lighter frame for her face.

VB

layered *

layered
Something that is layered is made or exists in layers.

- Maria wore a layered white dress that rustled when she moved.

ADJ

layer

noun

tier

row

seam

stratum

thickness

layman

[D.J.:ˈleimən]

[K.K.:ˈlemən]

n.

门外汉, 外行人

layman *

1. layman laymen
A layman is a person who is not trained, qualified, or experienced in a particular subject or activity.

- The mere mention of the words `heart failure', can conjure up, to the layman, the prospect of imminent death.

- There are basically two types called, in layman's terms, blue and white asbestos.

N-COUNT

2. layman laymen
A layman is a man who is involved with the Christian church but is not a member of the clergy or a monk.

- A layman could have the same saving faith as a priest; there was no basic difference between them.

N-COUNT

layman

noun

amateur

lay person

nonprofessional

outsider

layoff

[D.J.:ˈleɪ ɔ:f]

[K.K.:ˈleˌ ɔf]

n.

临时解雇

停工;停止活动

layoff *

1. layoff layoffs
When there are layoffs in a company, people are made unemployed because there is no more work for them in the company.

- It will close more than 200 stores nationwide resulting in the layoffs of an estimated 2,000 employees.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. layoff layoffs
A layoff is a period of time in which people do not work or take part in their normal activities, often because they are resting or are injured.

- They both made full recoveries after lengthy injury layoffs.

N-COUNT

layout

[D.J.:ˈleiaut]

[K.K.:ˈleˌaʊt]

n.

布局; 安排; 版面设计

layout *

layout layouts
The layout of a garden, building, or piece of writing is the way in which the parts of it are arranged.

- He tried to recall the layout of the farmhouse.

- This boat has a good deck layout making everything easy to operate.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

layout

noun

arrangement

design

formation

outline

plan

laypeople

[D.J.:ˈleɪˌpi:pəl]

[K.K.:ˈleˌpipəl]

n.

外行,非专业人员,未担任神职的一般信徒

layperson

[D.J.:ˈleipə:sən]

[K.K.:ˈleˌpɚsən]

n.

外行

layperson

layperson laypersons or laypeople
A layperson is a person who is not trained, qualified, or experienced in a particular subject or activity.
N-COUNT
≠ expert

laze

[D.J.:leɪz]

[K.K.:lez]

vi.

混日子;懒散;闲散

laze around

闲散地打发时间；消磨时光

laze away

闲散地打发时间；消磨时光

laze

1. laze lazes lazing lazed
If you laze somewhere for a period of time, you relax and enjoy yourself, not doing any work or anything else that requires effort.

- Fred lazed in an easy chair.

- They used the swimming-pool, rode, lazed in the deep shade of the oaks in the heat of the day.

VB

2. laze around; lazes around; lazing around; lazed around
Laze around or laze about means the same as laze .

- He went to Spain for nine months, to laze around and visit relations.

- I was happy enough to laze about on the beach.

PHR-V

lazily

[D.J.:ˈleɪzɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈlezɪlɪ]

adv.

怠惰地,懒散地

慢吞吞地

laziness

[D.J.:ˈleɪzɪnɪs]

[K.K.: ˈlezɪnɪs]

n.

怠惰,懒散;徐缓

lazy

[D.J.:ˈleizi]

[K.K.:ˈlezi]

adj.

懒惰的, 懒散的

慢吞吞的

lazy **

1. lazy lazier laziest
If someone is lazy , they do not want to work or make any effort to do anything.

- Lazy and incompetent police officers are letting the public down.

- I was too lazy to learn how to read music.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ hardworking

2. laziness

- Current employment laws will be changed to reward effort and punish laziness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. lazy lazier laziest
You can use lazy to describe an activity or event in which you are very relaxed and which you do or take part in without making much effort.

- Her latest novel is perfect for a lazy summer's afternoon reading.

- We would have a lazy lunch and then lie on the beach in the sun.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= relaxed

4. lazily

- Liz went back into the kitchen, stretching lazily.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. lazy
If you describe something as lazy , you mean that it moves or flows slowly and gently. (LITERARY)

- ...a valley of rolling farms spread out along a lazy river.

- ...the lazy, loose grace of the born athlete.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. lazily

- The Salzach river threaded its way lazily between the old city and the new.

ADV: ADV with v

laziness

noun Informal

idleness

inactivity

indolence

slackness

sloth

sluggishness

lazy

adjective

1.

idle

inactive

indolent

inert

slack

slothful

slow

workshy

2.

lethargic

drowsy

languid

languorous

sleepy

slow-moving

sluggish

somnolent

torpid

lb

abbr.

Lebanon 黎巴嫩

lb

abbr.

Lebanon 黎巴嫩

lb.

abbr.

pound 磅

lb.

abbr.

pound 磅

lb **

lb
lb is a written abbreviation for pound , when it refers to weight.

- The baby was born three months early at 3 lb 5oz.

= pound

LCD

abbr.,n.

液晶显示器 Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示屏

LCD

n. abbr.

液晶显示器 Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示屏

LCD *

LCD LCDs
An LCD is a display of information on a screen, which uses liquid crystals that become visible when electricity is passed through them. LCD is an abbreviation for `liquid crystal display'.
N-COUNT

lead

[D.J.:li:d]

[K.K.:lid]

vt. & vi.

带路, 领路, 指引

领导; 指挥

领先

vt.

诱使

使过生活

n.

领导; 榜样

领先; 占上风

主角, 主要演员

线索

[led]

n.

铅

leading

[D.J.:ˈli:diŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlidɪŋ]

adj.

重要的, 主要的

首位的, 前列的

leads

[ledz]

n.

①(盖屋顶用的)(薄)铅片②铅框

led

[D.J.:led]

[K.K.:lɛd]

(lead的过去式和过去分词)

lead 1 being ahead or taking someone somewhere *****

1. lead leads leading led
If you lead a group of moving people, you walk or ride in front of them.

- John Major and the Duke of Edinburgh led the mourners.

- He walks with a stick but still leads his soldiers into battle.

- Tom was leading, a rifle slung over his back.

VB

2. lead leads leading led
If you lead someone to a particular place or thing, you take them there.

- He took Dickon by the hand to lead him into the house.

- She confessed to the killing and led police to his remains.

- Leading the horse, Evandar walked to the door.

VB

3. lead leads leading led
If a road, gate, or door leads somewhere, you can get there by following the road or going through the gate or door.

- ...the doors that led to the yard.

- ...a short roadway leading to the car park...

- Hundreds of people are said to have blocked a main highway leading north.

VB

4. lead leads leading led
If you are leading at a particular point in a race or competition, you are winning at that point.

- He's leading in the presidential race.

- So far Fischer leads by five wins to two.

- Aston Villa last led the League in March 1990.

VB

5. lead
If you have the lead or are in the lead in a race or competition, you are winning.

- England took the lead after 31 minutes with a goal by Peter Nail.

- Labour are still in the lead in the opinion polls.

N-SING: the N, oft in/into the N

6. lead
Someone's lead over a competitor at a particular point in a race or competition is the distance, amount of time, or number of points by which they are ahead of them.

- ...a commanding lead for the opposition is clearly emerging throughout the country.

- His goal gave Forest a two-goal lead against Southampton.

- Sainz now has a lead of 28 points.

N-SING: with supp, oft N over n

7. lead leads leading led
If one company or country leads others in a particular activity such as scientific research or business, it is more successful or advanced than they are in that activity.

- When it comes to pop music we not only lead Europe, we lead the world.

- ...foodstores such as Marks & Spencer, which led the market in microwavable meals.

VB

8. lead leads leading led
If you lead a group of people, an organization, or an activity, you are in control or in charge of the people or the activity.

- He led the country between 1949 and 1984.

- Mr Mendes was leading a campaign to save Brazil's rainforest from exploitation.

VB

9. lead leads
If you give a lead , you do something new or develop new ideas or methods that other people consider to be a good example or model to follow.

- ...the need for the president to give a moral lead...

- The American and Japanese navies took the lead in the development of naval aviation.

- Over the next 150 years, many others followed his lead.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

10. lead leads leading led
You can use lead when you are saying what kind of life someone has. For example, if you lead a busy life, your life is busy.

- She led a normal, happy life with her sister and brother.

- Most of the women in here are not people who have led a life of crime.

VB

11. lead leads leading led
If something leads to a situation or event, usually an unpleasant one, it begins a process which causes that situation or event to happen.

- Ethnic tensions among the republics could lead to civil war.

- He warned yesterday that a pay rise for teachers would lead to job cuts.

VB

12. lead leads leading led
If something leads you to do something, it influences or affects you in such a way that you do it.

- His abhorrence of racism led him to write The Algiers Motel Incident.

- What was it ultimately that led you to leave Sarajevo for Zagreb?

VB

13. lead leads leading led
If you say that someone or something led you to think something, you mean that they caused you to think it, although it was not true or did not happen.

- Mother had led me to believe the new baby was a kind of present for me.

- It was not as straightforward as we were led to believe.

VB

14. lead leads leading led
If you lead a conversation or discussion, you control the way that it develops so that you can introduce a particular subject.

- After a while I led the conversation around to her job.

- He planned to lead the conversation and keep Matt from changing the subject.

VB

15. lead leads leading led
You can say that one point or topic in a discussion or piece of writing leads you to another in order to introduce a new point or topic that is linked with the previous one.

- Well, I think that leads me to the real point.

VB
= bring

16. lead leads
A lead is a piece of information or an idea which may help people to discover the facts in a situation where many facts are not known, for example in the investigation of a crime or in a scientific experiment.

- The inquiry team is also following up possible leads after receiving 400 calls from the public.

N-COUNT

17. lead leads
The lead in a play, film, or show is the most important part in it. The person who plays this part can also be called the lead .

- Nina Ananiashvili and Alexei Fadeyechev from the Bolshoi Ballet dance the leads.

- The leads are Jack Hawkins and Glynis Johns.

N-COUNT

18. lead leads
A dog's lead is a long, thin chain or piece of leather which you attach to the dog's collar so that you can control the dog. (mainly BRIT; in AM use leash )

- An older man came out with a little dog on a lead.

N-COUNT
= leash

19. lead leads
A lead in a piece of equipment is a piece of wire covered in plastic which supplies electricity to the equipment or carries it from one part of the equipment to another.
N-COUNT

20. lead
The lead story or lead in a newspaper or on the television or radio news is the most important story.

- The Turkish situation makes the lead in tomorrow's Guardian.

- Cossiga's reaction is the lead story in the Italian press.

N-SING: oft N n

lead 2 substances **

1. lead
Lead is a soft, grey, heavy metal.

- ...drinking water supplied by old-fashioned lead pipes.

N-UNCOUNT

2. lead
Lead is sometimes used to refer to bullets. (INFORMAL)

- Eventually Bogart pumps him full of lead.

N-UNCOUNT
= bullets

3. lead leads
The lead in a pencil is the centre part of it which makes a mark on paper.
N-COUNT

leading ****

1. leading
The leading person or thing in a particular area is the one which is most important or successful.

- ...a leading member of Bristol's Sikh community...

- Britain's future as a leading industrial nation depends on investment.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. leading
The leading role in a play or film is the main role. A leading lady or man is an actor who plays this role.
ADJ: ADJ n

3. leading
The leading group, vehicle, or person in a race or procession is the one that is at the front.
ADJ: ADJ n

led

Led is the past tense and past participle of lead .

lead

verb

1.

guide

conduct

escort

pilot

precede

show the way

steer

usher

2.

persuade

cause

dispose

draw

incline

induce

influence

prevail

prompt

3.

command

direct

govern

head

manage

preside over

supervise

4.

be ahead (of)

blaze a trail

come first

exceed

excel

outdo

outstrip

surpass

transcend

5.

live

experience

have

pass

spend

undergo

6.

result in

bring on

cause

contribute

produce

noun

7.

first place

precedence

primacy

priority

supremacy

vanguard

8.

advantage

edge

margin

start

9.

example

direction

guidance

leadership

model

10.

clue

hint

indication

suggestion

11.

leading role

principal

protagonist

title role

adjective

12.

main

chief

first

foremost

head

leading

premier

primary

prime

principal

leading

adjective

main

chief

dominant

first

foremost

greatest

highest

primary

principal

lead off *****

1. lead off leads off; leading off; led off
If a door, room, or path leads off a place or leads off from a place, you can go directly from that place through that door, into that room, or along that path.

- There were two doors leading off the central room.

- The treatment rooms lead off from the swimming pool.

- A corridor led off to the left.

PHR-V

2. lead off leads off; leading off; led off
If someone leads off in an activity, meeting, or conversation, they start it.

- Whenever there was a dance he and I led off.

- Boren surprisingly led off the most intensive line of questioning today.

PHR-V
= start off

3. lead off leads off; leading off; led off
In baseball, the player who leads off is the first player to bat for their team in a game or inning.

- Terry Puhl leads off for the Houston Astros.

PHR-V

4. lead-off

- ...lead-off batter Otis Nixon.

ADJ

lead on *****

lead on leads on; leading on; led on
If someone leads you on , they encourage you to do something, especially by pretending that something is true.

- I bet she led him on -- but how could he be so weak?

PHR-V

lead on to *****

1. lead on leads on; leading on; led on
If one event or action leads on to another, it causes it or makes it possible. (mainly BRIT)

- It is often the case that early interests lead on to a career.

- This discovery led on to studies of the immune system.

PHR-V

2. lead on leads on; leading on; led on
If a door, gate, or bridge leads on to a place, the place is on the other side of it.

- There were glass doors leading on to this balcony.

PHR-V

lead on

verb

entice

beguile

deceive

draw on

lure

seduce

string along informal

tempt

lead up to *****

1. lead up leads up; leading up; led up
The events that led up to a particular event happened one after the other until that event occurred.

- Alan Tomlinson has reconstructed the events that led up to the deaths.

- They had a series of arguments, leading up to a decision to separate.

PHR-V
See also lead-up .

2. lead up leads up; leading up; led up
The period of time leading up to an event is the period of time immediately before it happens.

- ...the weeks leading up to Christmas.

PHR-V: usu cont

3. lead up leads up; leading up; led up
If someone leads up to a particular subject, they gradually guide a conversation to a point where they can introduce it.

- I'm leading up to something quite important.

PHR-V

lead up to

verb

introduce

pave the way

prepare for

leaded

[ˈledid]

adj.

行间空格特别大的

leaded

1. leaded
Leaded petrol has had lead added to it.

- Japanese refiners stopped producing leaded petrol in December 1987.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. leaded
Leaded windows are made of small pieces of glass held together by strips of lead.
ADJ: ADJ n

leaden

[D.J.:ˈledn]

[K.K.:ˈlɛdn..]

adj.

铅(灰)色的

沉闷的,沉重的;郁郁不乐的

leaden

1. leaden
A leaden sky or sea is dark grey and has no movement of clouds or waves. (LITERARY)

- The weather was at its worst; bitterly cold, with leaden skies that gave minimum visibility.

ADJ

2. leaden
A leaden conversation or piece of writing is not very interesting.

- ...a leaden English translation from the Latin.

ADJ
= dull

3. leaden
If your movements are leaden , you move slowly and heavily, usually because you are tired. (LITERARY)

- He heard the father's leaden footsteps move down the stairs.

ADJ
= heavy

leader

[D.J.:ˈli:də]

[K.K.:ˈlidɚ]

n.

领袖, 领导人

leader *****

1. leader leaders
The leader of a group of people or an organization is the person who is in control of it or in charge of it.

- ...the leader of the Conservative Party, William Hague...

- But in either case, it is the head of the party with the largest number of members in the legislature who becomes the country's leader.

N-COUNT: usu N of n, n N

2. leader leaders
The leader at a particular point in a race or competition is the person who is winning at that point.

- The leaders came in two minutes clear of the field.

- The world drivers' championship leader crossed the line ahead of Sweden's Ingvar Carlsson.

N-COUNT

3. leader leaders
The leader among a range of products or companies is the one that is most successful.

- Procter & Gamble is the leader in the mass market cosmetics industry.

N-COUNT

4. leader leaders
The leader of an orchestra is the most senior violin player, who acts as a deputy to the conductor. (BRIT; in AM use concertmaster )
N-COUNT

5. leader leaders
The leader of an orchestra is the conductor. (AM)
N-COUNT

6. leader leaders
A leader in a newspaper is a piece of writing which gives the editor's opinion on an important news item. (BRIT; in AM use editorial )
N-COUNT

7. leader leaders
A leader in a newspaper is the most important story in it. (AM; in BRIT use lead or lead story )
N-COUNT

leader

noun

principal

boss informal

captain

chief

chieftain

commander

director

guide

head

ringleader

ruler

leadership

[D.J.:ˈli:dəʃip]

[K.K.:ˈlidɚˌʃɪp]

n.

领导; 领导权

领导阶层, 领导人员

leadership ****

1. leadership leaderships
You refer to people who are in control of a group or organization as the leadership .

- He is expected to hold talks with both the Croatian and Slovenian leaderships.

- ...the Labour leadership of Haringey council in north London.

N-COUNT

2. leadership
Someone's leadership is their position or state of being in control of a group of people.

- He praised her leadership during the crisis.

- We find the leftists assuming leadership and becoming the spokesmen for an ideal of international revolution.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

3. leadership
Leadership refers to the qualities that make someone a good leader, or the methods a leader uses to do his or her job.

- What most people want to see is determined, decisive action and firm leadership.

N-UNCOUNT

leadership

noun

1.

guidance

direction

domination

management

running

superintendency

2.

authority

command

control

influence

initiative

pre-eminence

supremacy

lead-free

adj.

无铅的

lead-free

lead-free
Something such as petrol or paint which is lead-free , is made without lead, or has no lead added to it.
ADJ

lead-in

[D.J.:ˈli:dˈin]

[K.K.:ˈlidˌɪn]

n.

天线引入线,与广告播放有关的节目

lead-in **

lead-in lead-ins
A lead-in is something that is said or done as an introduction before the main subject or event, especially before a radio or television programme.

- They were thrilled, finally, to have a decent lead-in for their 9 a.m. local programs.

N-COUNT

leading article *

1. leading article leading articles
A leading article in a newspaper is a piece of writing which gives the editor's opinion on an important news item. (BRIT; in AM use editorial )
N-COUNT

2. leading article leading articles
A leading article in a newspaper is the most important story in it. (AM; in BRIT use lead )
N-COUNT

leading-edge

[D.J.:ˈli:dɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlidɪŋ]

adj.

(技术上)最先进的

leading edge

1. leading edge
The leading edge of a particular area of research or development is the area of it that seems most advanced or sophisticated.

- I think Israel tends to be at the leading edge of technological development.

N-SING: usu the N of n

2. leading-edge

- ...leading-edge technology.

ADJ

leading light

leading light leading lights
If you say that someone is a leading light in an organization, campaign, or community, you mean that they are one of the most important, active, enthusiastic, and successful people in it.
N-COUNT

leading question

leading question leading questions
A leading question is expressed in such a way that it suggests what the answer should be.
N-COUNT

lead singer *

lead singer lead singers
The lead singer of a pop group is the person who sings most of the songs.

- ...Mick Hucknall, lead singer of Simply Red...

- I was the lead singer in the band that became the Prefects.

N-COUNT

lead-up

[ˈli:dʌp]

n.

导致物

lead-up

lead-up
The lead-up to an event is the things connected to that event that happen before it. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use run-up )

- The lead-up to the wedding was extremely interesting.

N-SING: usu the N to n

leaf

[D.J.:li:f]

[K.K.:lif]

n.

叶子

页

金属薄片, 金箔

leave

[D.J.:li:v]

[K.K.:liv]

vt.

把…留下; 遗忘

听任, 让

交托, 委托

vt. & vi.

离去, 离开; 出发; 舍弃

n.

准假, 假期

辞别

许可, 准许

leaves

[D.J.:li:vz]

[K.K.:livz]

n.

树叶,花瓣

leaving

[D.J.:ˈli:viŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlivɪŋ]

n.

离开

left

[D.J.:left]

[K.K.:lɛft]

n.

左边, 左侧, 左部

左手; 左拳

左翼

adj.

左侧的

左边的, 左面的, 左方的

左翼的, 左倾的

adv.

向左, 在左边

leaf ***

1. leaf leaves
The leaves of a tree or plant are the parts that are flat, thin, and usually green. Many trees and plants lose their leaves in the winter and grow new leaves in the spring.

- In the garden, the leaves of the horse chestnut had already fallen.

- The Japanese maple that stands across the drive had just come into leaf.

N-COUNT: usu pl, also in/into N
See also -leaved .

2. leaf leaves
A leaf is one of the pieces of paper of which a book is made.

- He flattened the wrappers and put them between the leaves of his book.

N-COUNT
= page

3. leaf
If you take a leaf from someone's book you behave in the same way as them because you want to be like that person or as successful as they are.

- Maybe we should take a leaf out of Branson's book. It's easy to see how he became a billionaire.

PHR: V inflects

4. leaf
If you say that you are going to turn over a new leaf , you mean that you are going to start to behave in a better or more acceptable way.

- He realized he was in the wrong and promised to turn over a new leaf.

PHR: V inflects

5. leaf
If you say that someone is shaking like a leaf , you mean that their body is shaking a lot, for instance because they are very cold or frightened.

- I didn't think about the danger at the time. Afterwards I was shaking like a leaf.

PHR: V inflects

leave *****

1. leave leaves leaving left
If you leave a place or person, you go away from that place or person.

- He would not be allowed to leave the country.

- I simply couldn't bear to leave my little girl.

- My flight leaves in less than an hour.

- The last of the older children had left for school.

VB

2. leave leaves leaving left
If you leave an institution, group, or job, you permanently stop attending that institution, being a member of that group, or doing that job.

- He left school with no qualifications.

- I am leaving to concentrate on writing fiction.

- ...a leaving present.

VB

3. leave leaves leaving left
If you leave your husband, wife, or some other person with whom you have had a close relationship, you stop living with them or you finish the relationship.

- He'll never leave you. You need have no worry.

- I would be insanely jealous if Bill left me for another woman.

VB

4. leave leaves leaving left
If you leave something or someone in a particular place, you let them remain there when you go away. If you leave something or someone with a person, you let them remain with that person so they are safe while you are away.

- I left my bags in the car.

- Don't leave your truck there.

- From the moment that Philippe had left her in the bedroom at the hotel, she had heard nothing of him.

- Leave your key with a neighbour in case you lock yourself out one day.

VB

5. leave leaves leaving left
If you leave a message or an answer, you write it, record it, or give it to someone so that it can be found or passed on.

- You can leave a message on our answering machine.

- Decide whether the ball is in square A, B, C, or D, then call and leave your answer.

- I left my phone number with several people.

VB

6. leave leaves leaving left
If you leave someone doing something, they are doing that thing when you go away from them.

- Salter drove off, leaving Callendar surveying the scene.

VB

7. leave leaves leaving left
If you leave someone to do something, you go away from them so that they do it on their own. If you leave someone to himself or herself, you go away from them and allow them to be alone.

- I'd better leave you to get on with it, then.

- Diana took the hint and left them to it.

- One of the advantages of a department store is that you are left to yourself to try things on.

- He quietly slipped away and left me to my tears.

VB

8. leave leaves leaving left
To leave an amount of something means to keep it available after the rest has been used or taken away.

- He always left a little food for the next day.

- Double rooms at any of the following hotels should leave you some change from £150.

VB

9. leave leaves leaving left
If you take one number away from another, you can say that it leaves the number that remains. For example, five take away two leaves three.
VB
= equal

10. leave leaves leaving left
To leave someone with something, especially when that thing is unpleasant or difficult to deal with, means to make them have it or make them responsible for it.

- ...a crash which left him with a broken collar-bone...

- He left me with a child to support.

VB

11. leave leaves leaving left
If an event leaves people or things in a particular state, they are in that state when the event has finished.

- ...violent disturbances which have left at least ten people dead...

- The documentary left me in a state of shock.

- So where does that leave me?

VB

12. leave leaves leaving left
If you leave food or drink, you do not eat or drink it, often because you do not like it.

- If you don't like the cocktail you ordered, just leave it and try a different one.

VB

13. leave leaves leaving left
If something leaves a mark, effect, or sign, it causes that mark, effect, or sign to remain as a result.

- A muscle tear will leave a scar after healing.

- She left a lasting impression on him.

VB

14. leave leaves leaving left
If you leave something in a particular state, position, or condition, you let it remain in that state, position, or condition.

- He left the album open on the table.

- I've left the car lights on.

- I left the engine running.

VB

15. leave leaves leaving left
If you leave a space or gap in something, you deliberately make that space or gap.

- Leave a gap at the top and bottom so air can circulate.

VB

16. leave leaves leaving left
If you leave a job, decision, or choice to someone, you give them the responsibility for dealing with it or making it.

- Affix the blue airmail label and leave the rest to us.

- The judge should not have left it to the jury to decide.

- For the moment, I leave you to take all decisions.

VB

17. leave leaves leaving left
If you say that something such as an arrangement or an agreement leaves a lot to another thing or person, you are critical of it because it is not adequate and its success depends on the other thing or person.

- The ceasefire leaves a lot to the goodwill of the forces involved.

- It's a vague formulation that leaves much to the discretion of local authorities.

VB disapproval

18. leave leaves leaving left
To leave someone a particular course of action or the opportunity to do something means to let it be available to them, while restricting them in other ways.

- He was left with no option but to resign.

VB

19. leave leaves leaving left
If you leave something too late , you delay doing it so that when you eventually do it, it is useless or ineffective.

- Don't leave it all until the last minute.

- I hope I haven't left it too late.

PHR: V inflects

20. leave leaves leaving left
If you leave a particular subject, you stop talking about it and start discussing something else.

- I think we'd better leave the subject of Nationalism.

- He suggested we get together for a drink sometime. I said I'd like that, and we left it there.

VB

21. leave leaves leaving left
If you leave property or money to someone, you arrange for it to be given to them after you have died.

- He died two and a half years later, leaving everything to his wife.

VB

22. leave leaves left
If you say that someone leaves a wife, husband, or a particular number of children, you mean that the wife, husband, or children remain alive after that person has died. (FORMAL)

- It is for his humanity as much as his music that his numerous friends and pupils will remember him. He leaves a wife, son and daughter.

VB: no cont

23. leave
Leave is a period of time when you are not working at your job, because you are on holiday or vacation, or for some other reason. If you are on leave , you are not working at your job.

- Why don't you take a few days' leave?

- ...maternity leave...

- He is home on leave from the Navy.

N-UNCOUNT: oft on N

24. leave
If you ask for leave to do something, you ask for permission to do it. (FORMAL)

- ...an application for leave to appeal against the judge's order.

N-UNCOUNT: N to-inf
= permission

25. leave
If you leave someone or something alone , or if you leave them be , you do not pay them any attention or bother them.

- Some people need to confront a traumatic past; others find it better to leave it alone.

- Why can't you leave him be?

PHR: V inflects

26. leave
You use leaving aside or leaving to one side when mentioning a fact or detail that you want to ignore when making a general statement.

- Leaving aside the question of privacy, constant surveillance can be remarkably convenient.

PHR-PREP: PREP n

27. leave
When you take your leave or take leave of someone, you say goodbye and go. (FORMAL)

- He thanked them for the pleasure of their company and took his leave.

PHR: V inflects

28. leave
If someone tells you to leave well alone , they are telling you not to interfere in something, because it is all right as it is and you might only make it worse.

- He knew when to leave well alone and when to interfere.

PHR: V inflects

29. leave
If something continues from where it left off , it starts happening again at the point where it had previously stopped.

- As soon as the police disappear the violence will take up from where it left off.

PHR: PHR after v, oft from PHR

leave out *****

leave leaves out; leaving out; left out
If someone feels left out , they feel sad because they are not included in a group or activity.

- Some would question the wisdom of leaving her out of the team.

- If you prefer mild flavours reduce or leave out the chilli.

- Now have we left any country out?

PHR: V inflects

leaves

Leaves is the plural form of leaf , and the third person singular form of leave .

left 1 remaining ***

1. Left is the past tense and past participle of leave .

2. left
If there is a certain amount of something left over , or if you have it left over , it remains when the rest has gone or been used.

- Is there any gin left?.

- He's got plenty of money left.

- They still have six games left to play.

- So much income is devoted to monthly mortgage payments that nothing is left over.

- ...a large bucket of cut flowers left over from the wedding.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

left 2 direction and political groupings *****

1. left
The left is one of two opposite directions, sides, or positions. If you are facing north and you turn to the left, you will be facing west. In the word `to', the `t' is to the left of the `o'.

- In Britain cars drive on the left.

- ...the brick wall to the left of the conservatory...

- Beaufort Castle is on your left.

N-SING: usu the N
≠ right

2. left
Also an adverb.

- Turn left at the crossroads into Clay Lane.

ADV: ADV after v

3. left
Your left arm, leg, or ear, for example, is the one which is on the left side of your body. Your left shoe or glove is the one which is intended to be worn on your left foot or hand.
ADJ: ADJ n
≠ right

4. left
You can refer to people who support the political ideals of socialism as the left . They are often contrasted with the right , who support the political ideals of capitalism and conservatism.

- ...the traditional parties of the Left...

- The government's industrial policy has been fiercely attacked by the left.

N-SING-COLL: the N also written Left
≠ right

5. left
If you say that a person or political party has moved to the left , you mean that their political beliefs have become more left-wing.

- After Mrs Thatcher's first election victory in 1979, Labour moved sharply to the left.

- There will be a radical swing to the right or the left.

N-SING: the N, usu to the N also written Left
≠ right

leaf

noun

1.

frond

blade

2.

page

folio

sheet

verb

leaf through

3.

browse

flip

glance

riffle

skim

thumb (through)

leave

verb

1.

depart

decamp

disappear

exit

go away

make tracks

move

pull out

quit

retire

slope off

withdraw

2.

forget

leave behind

mislay

3.

cause

deposit

generate

produce

result in

4.

give up

abandon

drop

relinquish

renounce

surrender

5.

entrust

allot

assign

cede

commit

consign

give over

refer

6.

bequeath

hand down

will

leave

noun

1.

permission

allowance

authorization

concession

consent

dispensation

freedom

liberty

sanction

2.

holiday

furlough

leave of absence

sabbatical

time off

vacation

3.

parting

adieu

departure

farewell

goodbye

leave-taking

retirement

withdrawal

leave out

verb

omit

cast aside

disregard

exclude

ignore

neglect

overlook

reject

left

adjective

1.

left-hand

larboard Nautical

port

sinistral

2.

socialist

leftist

left-wing

radical

leaf through ***

leaf through leafs through; leafing through; leafed through
If you leaf through something such as a book or magazine, you turn the pages without reading or looking at them very carefully.

- Most patients derive enjoyment from leafing through old picture albums.

PHR-V
= flip through

leafless

adj.

无叶的

leafless

leafless
If a tree or plant is leafless , it has no leaves.

- A beautiful fig tree that had stood in their yard was leafless and barren.

ADJ
= bare

leaflet

[D.J.:ˈli:flit]

[K.K.:ˈliflɪt]

n.

传单, 散页印刷品

leaflet **

1. leaflet leaflets
A leaflet is a little book or a piece of paper containing information about a particular subject.

- Campaigners handed out leaflets on passive smoking.

- ...a leaflet called `Sexual Harassment at Work'.

N-COUNT

2. leaflet leaflets leafleting leafleted
If you leaflet a place, you distribute leaflets there, for example by handing them to people, or by putting them through letter boxes.

- We've leafleted the university today to try to drum up some support.

- The only reason we leafleted on the Jewish New Year was because more people than usual go to the synagogue on that day.

VB

leaflet

noun

booklet

brochure

circular

pamphlet

leaf mould

leaf mould
Leaf mould is a substance consisting of decayed leaves that is used to improve the soil.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) leaf mold

leafy

[D.J.:ˈli:fi:]

[K.K.:ˈlifi]

adj.

多叶的;叶茂的;多树木的

leafy *

1. leafy
Leafy trees and plants have lots of leaves on them.

- His two-story brick home was graced with a patio and surrounded by tall, leafy trees.

ADJ-GRADED

2. leafy
You say that a place is leafy when there are lots of trees and plants there.

- ...semi-detached homes with gardens in leafy suburban areas.

ADJ-GRADED

leafy

adjective

green

bosky literary

shaded

shady

verdant

league

[D.J.:li:ɡ]

[K.K.:liɡ]

n.

联盟, 同盟

(运动)俱乐部的联合会

等级, 范畴

league ****

1. league leagues
A league is a group of people, clubs, or countries that have joined together for a particular purpose, or because they share a common interest.

- ...the League of Nations.

- ...the World Muslim League.

N-COUNT: oft in names

2. league leagues
A league is a group of teams that play the same sport or activity against each other.

- ...the American League series between the Boston Red Sox and World Champion Oakland Athletics...

- The club are on the brink of promotion to the Premier League.

N-COUNT

3. league leagues
You use the word league to make comparisons between different people or things, especially in terms of their quality.

- Her success has taken her out of my league.

- Their record sales would put them in the same league as The Rolling Stones.

N-COUNT: with supp

4. league
If you say that someone is in league with another person to do something bad, you mean that they are working together to do that thing.

- He accused the President of being in league with terrorists.

- Williams operated the smuggling scheme in league with his brother.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft PHR with n

league

noun

1.

association

alliance

coalition

confederation

consortium

federation

fraternity

group

guild

partnership

union

2.

class

category

level

league table

league table league tables
A league table is a list that shows how successful an organization such as a sports team or a business is when it is compared to other similar organizations. (mainly BRIT)

- ...a league table of British schools ranked by exam results.

N-COUNT

leak

[D.J.:li:k]

[K.K.:lik]

vt. & vi.

漏

vt.

使泄露

n.

漏洞, 裂缝

泄漏, 漏出物

走漏, 泄露

leaked

漏的

leaking

[ˈli:kiŋ]

n.

漏泄;耗散

leak ***

1. leak leaks leaking leaked
If a container leaks , there is a hole or crack in it which lets a substance such as liquid or gas escape. You can also say that a substance such as liquid or gas leaks from a container.

- The roof leaked.

- The gas had apparently leaked from a cylinder.

- The pool's fiberglass sides had cracked and the water had leaked out.

- A large diesel tank mysteriously leaked its contents into the river.

V-ERG

2. leak leaks
Also a noun.

- It's thought a gas leak may have caused the blast.

N-COUNT

3. leak leaks
A leak is a crack, hole, or other gap that a substance such as a liquid or gas can pass through.

- ...a leak in the radiator...

- In May engineers found a leak in a hydrogen fuel line.

N-COUNT: oft N in n

4. leak leaks leaking leaked
If a secret document or piece of information leaks or is leaked , someone lets the public know about it.

- Last year, a civil servant was imprisoned for leaking a document to the press.

- He revealed who leaked a confidential police report.

- We don't know how the transcript leaked.

- ...a leaked report.

V-ERG

5. leak leaks
Also a noun.

- More serious leaks, possibly involving national security, are likely to be investigated by the police.

N-COUNT

6. leak out; leaks out; leaking out; leaked out
Leak out means the same as leak .

- More details are now beginning to leak out.

- He said it would leak out to the newspapers and cause a scandal.

PHR-V-ERG

leak

noun

1.

hole

aperture

chink

crack

crevice

fissure

opening

puncture

2.

drip

leakage

percolation

seepage

3.

disclosure

divulgence

verb

4.

drip

escape

exude

ooze

pass

percolate

seep

spill

trickle

5.

disclose

divulge

give away

let slip

make known

make public

pass on

reveal

tell

leakage

[D.J.:ˈli:kɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈlikɪdʒ]

n.

漏,漏出

漏出物,渗漏物

leakage

leakage leakages
A leakage is an amount of liquid or gas that is escaping from a pipe or container by means of a crack, hole, or other fault.

- A leakage of kerosene has polluted water supplies.

- It should be possible to reduce leakage from pipes.

N-VAR

leaker

漏钢;漏气构件;漏泄构件;渗漏铸件;渗水铸件

leaker

leaker leakers
A leaker is someone who lets people know secret information. (JOURNALISM)

- He found no direct evidence to identify a leaker.

N-COUNT

leaky

[D.J.:ˈli:ki:]

[K.K.:ˈliki]

adj.

有漏洞的;有漏隙的;渗漏的

leaky

leaky leakiest
Something that is leaky has holes, cracks, or other faults which allow liquids and gases to pass through.

- ...the cost of repairing the leaky roof.

ADJ-GRADED

leaky

adjective

punctured

cracked

holey

leaking

perforated

porous

split

lean

[D.J.:li:n]

[K.K.:lin]

vt. & vi.

(使)倾斜, 屈身

vt.

倚, 靠; 依赖

adj.

瘦的; 少脂肪的

贫瘠的; 收益差的

leaning

[D.J.:ˈli:nɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlinɪŋ]

n.

倾向;爱好;偏爱

leant

[D.J.:lent]

[K.K.:lɛnt]

(lean的过去式与过去分词)

lean ***

1. lean leans leaning leant
When you lean in a particular direction, you bend your body in that direction.

- Eileen leaned across and opened the passenger door.

- He leaned forward to give her a kiss.

- They stopped to lean over a gate.

VB American English uses the form leaned as the past tense and past participle. British English uses either leaned or leant .

2. lean leans leaning leant
If you lean on or against someone or something, you rest against them so that they partly support your weight. If you lean an object on or against something, you place the object so that it is partly supported by that thing.

- She was feeling tired and was glad to lean against him.

- Lean the plants against a wall and cover the roots with peat.

- The table lurched as a young man leant his weight on it.

VB American English uses the form leaned as the past tense and past participle. British English uses either leaned or leant .

3. lean leaner leanest
If you describe someone as lean , you mean that they are thin but look strong and healthy.

- Like most athletes, she was lean and muscular.

- She watched the tall, lean figure step into the car.

ADJ-GRADED approval
≠ flabby

4. lean leaner leanest
If meat is lean , it does not have very much fat.

- It is a beautiful meat, very lean and tender.

- ...the leanest ground beef you can get.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ fatty

5. lean leaner leanest
If you describe an organization as lean , you mean that it has become more efficient and less wasteful by getting rid of staff, or by dropping projects which were unprofitable.

- The value of the pound will force British companies to be leaner and fitter.

- ...cutting corporate flab and building leaner companies.

ADJ-GRADED

6. lean leaner leanest
If you describe periods of time as lean , you mean that people have less of something such as money or are less successful than they used to be.

- ...the lean years of the 1930s...

- With fewer tourists in town, the taxi trade is going through its leanest patch for 30 years.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

leaning

leaning leanings
Your particular leanings are the beliefs, ideas, or aims you hold or a tendency you have towards them.

- Many companies are wary of their socialist leanings.

- I always had a leaning towards sport.

N-COUNT: usu pl, with supp, oft N towards n
= tendency

leant

Leant is one of the forms of the past tense and past participle of lean . (BRIT)

lean

verb

1.

rest

be supported

prop

recline

repose

2.

bend

heel

incline

slant

slope

tilt

tip

3.

tend

be disposed to

be prone to

favour

prefer

lean on

4.

depend on

count on

have faith in

rely on

trust

lean

adjective

1.

slim

angular

bony

gaunt

rangy

skinny

slender

spare

thin

wiry

2.

unproductive

barren

meagre

poor

scanty

unfruitful

leaning

noun

tendency

bent

bias

disposition

inclination

partiality

penchant

predilection

proclivity

propensity

lean on, lean upon ***

1. lean on leans on; leaning on; leant on
If you lean on someone or lean upon them, you depend on them for support and encouragement.

- She leaned on him to help her to solve her problems.

PHR-V American English uses the form leaned as the past tense and past participle. British English uses either leaned or leant .

2. lean on leans on; leaning on; leant on
If you lean on someone, you try to influence them, especially by threatening them. (INFORMAL)

- He told us to get stuffed so we leaned on his kid.

- Colin was being leaned on by his bankers.

PHR-V American English uses the form leaned as the past tense and past participle. British English uses either leaned or leant .

lean towards ***

lean towards leans towards; leaning towards; leant towards
If you lean towards or lean toward a particular idea, belief, or type of behaviour, you have a tendency to think or act in a particular way.

- Politically, I lean towards the right.

- Most scientists would probably lean toward this viewpoint.

PHR-V American English uses the form leaned as the past tense and past participle. British English uses either leaned or leant .

lean-to

[D.J.:ˈli:nˌtu:]

[K.K.:ˈlinˌtu]

n.

靠着大房所建的单坡屋顶小屋,披屋;披棚

adj.

具有一个斜坡或斜角的

lean-to

lean-to lean-tos
A lean-to is a building such as a shed or garage which is attached to one wall of a larger building, and which usually has a sloping roof.
N-COUNT

leap

[D.J.:li:p]

[K.K.:lip]

vi.

跳, 跳跃

猛然行动, 冲

vt.

跳过, 跃过

n.

跳跃, 飞跃

激增

leaping

[ˈli:piŋ]

n.

跳跃

adj.

跳跃的,跳跃而行的

leapt

[D.J.:lept, li:pt]

[K.K.:lɛpt, lipt]

(leap的过去式与过去分词)

leap ***

1. leap leaps leaping leaped or leapt
If you leap , you jump high in the air or jump a long distance.

- He had leapt from a window in the building and escaped.

- The newsreels show him leaping into the air.

- The man threw his arms out as he leapt.

VB British English usually uses the form leapt as the past tense and past participle. American English usually uses leaped .

2. leap leaps
Also a noun.

- Smith took Britain's fifth medal of the championships with a leap of 2.37 metres.

N-COUNT

3. leap leaps leaping leaped or leapt
If you leap somewhere, you move there suddenly and quickly.

- The two men leaped into the jeep and roared off.

- With a terrible howl, he leapt forward and threw himself into the water.

VB British English usually uses the form leapt as the past tense and past participle. American English usually uses leaped .

4. leap leaps leaping leaped or leapt
If a vehicle leaps somewhere, it moves there in a short sudden movement.

- The car leapt forward.

VB British English usually uses the form leapt as the past tense and past participle. American English usually uses leaped .

5. leap leaps
A leap is a large and important change, increase, or advance. (JOURNALISM)

- The result has been a giant leap in productivity.

- ...the leap in the unemployed from 35,000 to 75,000...

- Contemporary art has taken a huge leap forward in the last five or six years.

N-COUNT: oft N in n

6. leap leaps leaping leaped or leapt
If you leap to a particular place or position, you make a large and important change, increase, or advance.

- Warwicks leap to third in the table, 31 points behind leaders Essex.

VB British English usually uses the form leapt as the past tense and past participle. American English usually uses leaped .

7. leap leaps leaping leaped or leapt
If you say that your heart leaps , you mean that you experience a sudden, very strong feeling of surprise, fear, or happiness. (LITERARY)

- My heart leaped at the sight of her.

VB British English usually uses the form leapt as the past tense and past participle. American English usually uses leaped .

8. leap leaps leaping leaped or leapt
If you leap at a chance or opportunity, you accept it quickly and eagerly.

- The post of principal of the theatre school became vacant and he leapt at the chance.

VB British English usually uses the form leapt as the past tense and past participle. American English usually uses leaped .
= jump

9. leap
You can use in leaps and bounds or by leaps and bounds to emphasize that someone or something is improving or increasing quickly and greatly.

- He's improved in leaps and bounds this season.

- The total number of species on the planet appears to be growing by leaps and bounds.

PHR: usu PHR after v emphasis

10. leap
If you take a leap in the dark or a leap into the unknown , you do something without having any previous experience in that activity or knowledge of it.

- Prudent people are not going to take a leap in the dark.

- Once more he's making a leap into the unknown without a plan.

PHR: usu PHR after v

leapt

Leapt is a past tense and past participle of leap .

leap

verb

1.

jump

bounce

bound

hop

skip

spring

noun

2.

jump

bound

spring

vault

3.

increase

escalation

rise

surge

upsurge

upswing

leapfrog

[D.J.:ˈli:pˌfrɔɡ]

[K.K.:ˈlipˌfrɔɡ, -ˌfrɑɡ]

n.

跳背游戏(分开两腿从背弯站立者身上跳过),(两支部队)交互跃进,竞相提高

v.

跳背,交替前进;跃过

leapfrogging

[ˈli:pˌfrɔɡiŋ]

n.

蛙跃法，跳步法

leapfrog

1. leapfrog
Leapfrog is a game which children play, in which a child bends over, while others jump over their back.

- ...children engaged in activities such as riding, playing leapfrog, or football.

N-UNCOUNT

2. leapfrog leapfrogs leapfrogging leapfrogged
If one group of people leapfrogs into a particular position or leapfrogs someone else, they use the achievements of another person or group in order to make advances of their own.

- It is already obvious that all four American systems have leapfrogged over the European versions.

- American researchers have now leapfrogged the Japanese and are going to produce a digital system within a year or two.

VB

leap of faith

leap of faith leaps of faith
If you take a leap of faith , you do something even though you are not sure it is right or will succeed.

- Take a leap of faith and trust them.

N-COUNT: a N in sing

leap year

leap year leap years
A leap year is a year which has 366 days. The extra day is the 29th February. There is a leap year every four years.
N-COUNT

learn

[D.J.:lə:n]

[K.K.:lɚn]

vt. & vi.

学习; 学; 学会

得知; 获悉; 听说

learned

[D.J.:ˈlə:nid]

[K.K.:ˈlɚnɪd]

adj.

有学问的, 博学的

学术上的

learning

[D.J.:ˈlə:niŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɚnɪŋ]

n.

学问, 学术; 知识

learnt

[D.J.:lɜ:nt]

[K.K.:lɚnt]

learn的过去式和过去分词

learn *****

1. learn learns learning learned learnt
If you learn something, you obtain knowledge or a skill through studying or training.

- Their children were going to learn English.

- He is learning to play the piano.

- ...learning how to use new computer systems...

- Experienced teachers help you learn quickly.

VB American English uses the form learned as the past tense and past participle. British English uses either learned or learnt .

2. learning

- ...a bilingual approach to the learning of English.

N-UNCOUNT

3. learn learns learning learned learnt
If you learn of something, you find out about it.

- It was only after his death that she learned of his affair with Betty.

- It didn't come as a shock to learn that the fuel and cooling systems are the most common causes of breakdown.

- ...the Admiral, who, on learning who I was, wanted to meet me.

VB American English uses the form learned as the past tense and past participle. British English uses either learned or learnt .
= find out

4. learn learns learning learned learnt
If people learn to behave or react in a particular way, they gradually start to behave in that way as a result of a change in attitudes.

- You have to learn to face your problem.

- We are learning how to confront death instead of avoiding its reality.

VB American English uses the form learned as the past tense and past participle. British English uses either learned or learnt .

5. learn learns learning learned learnt
If you learn from an unpleasant experience, you change the way you behave so that it does not happen again or so that, if it happens again, you can deal with it better.

- I am convinced that he has learned from his mistakes.

- The company failed to learn any lessons from this experience.

VB American English uses the form learned as the past tense and past participle. British English uses either learned or learnt .

6. learn learns learning learned learnt
If you learn something such as a poem or a role in a play, you study or repeat the words so that you can remember them.

- He learned this song as an inmate at a Texas prison.

VB American English uses the form learned as the past tense and past participle. British English uses either learned or learnt .

learned *

1. learned
A learned person has gained a lot of knowledge by studying.

- He is a serious scholar, a genuinely learned man.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. learned
Learned books or papers have been written by someone who has gained a lot of knowledge by studying.

- This learned book should start a real debate on Western policy towards the Baltics.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. learned
A learned reaction, response, or ability is one that you acquire from experience or from your environment, not one that you were born with.

- Your anxiety is a learned reaction, and it is nurtured and sustained by the events of your everyday life.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ instinctive

learning **

learning
Learning is the process of gaining knowledge through studying.

- The brochure described the library as the focal point of learning on the campus.

N-UNCOUNT
See also learn , seat of learning .

learnt

Learnt is a past tense and past participle of learn . (BRIT)

learn

verb

1.

master

grasp

pick up

2.

memorize

commit to memory

get off pat

learn by heart

3.

discover

ascertain

detect

discern

find out

gather

hear

understand

learned

adjective

scholarly

academic

erudite

highbrow

intellectual

versed

well-informed

well-read

learning

noun

knowledge

culture

education

erudition

information

lore

scholarship

study

wisdom

learner

[D.J.:ˈlɜ:nə]

n.

学习者,初学者;见习驾驶员

learner *

learner learners
A learner is someone who is learning about a particular subject or how to do something.

- ...a new aid for younger children or slow learners...

- Learner drivers must be supervised by adults who are at least 21 years old.

N-COUNT

learner

noun

beginner

apprentice

neophyte

novice

tyro

learning curve

learning curve learning curves
A learning curve is a process where people develop a skill by learning from their mistakes. A steep learning curve involves learning very quickly.

- Both he and the crew are on a steep learning curve.

- There is a learning curve in the process of seeking employment.

N-COUNT: usu sing

lease

[D.J.:li:s]

[K.K.:lis]

vt.

租, 租借

n.

租约, 租契

leasing

[D.J.:ˈli:ziŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlisɪŋ]

n.

〈古〉〈苏格兰〉说谎,谎言

lease ***

1. lease leases
A lease is a legal agreement by which the owner of a building, a piece of land, or something such as a car allows someone else to use it for a period of time in return for money.

- He took up a 10 year lease on the house at Rossie Priory.

N-COUNT

2. lease leases leasing leased
If you lease property or something such as a car from someone or if they lease it to you, they allow you to use it in return for regular payments of money.

- He went to Toronto, where he leased an apartment.

- She hopes to lease the building to students.

- He will need more grazing land and perhaps La Prade could lease him a few acres.

VB

3. lease
If you say that someone or something has been given a new lease of life , you are emphasizing that they are much more lively or successful than they have been in the past.

- The operation has given me a new lease of life.

PHR: PHR after v

lease

verb

hire

charter

let

loan

rent

leasehold

[D.J.:ˈli:sˌhəʊld]

[K.K.:ˈlisˌhold]

adj.

<尤英>(土地、房产)根据地契年期而拥有的

n.

租赁权; 租赁期; 租赁物

leasehold

1. leasehold
If a building or land is described as leasehold , it is allowed to be used in return for payment according to the terms of a lease. (mainly BRIT)

- I went into a leasehold property at four hundred and fifty pounds rent per year.

ADJ

2. leasehold leaseholds
If you have the leasehold of a building or piece of land, you have the legal right to use it for a period of time as arranged according to a lease. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

leaseholder

[D.J.:ˈli:sˌhəʊldə]

[K.K.:ˈlisˌholdɚ]

n.

租贷人

leaseholder

leaseholder leaseholders
A leaseholder is a person who is allowed to use a property according to the terms of a lease. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

leash

[D.J.:li:ʃ]

[K.K.:liʃ]

n.

拴猎狗的皮带

vt.

用皮带系住

leash

leash leashes
A dog's leash is a long thin piece of leather or a chain, which you attach to the dog's collar so that you can keep the dog under control.

- All dogs in public places should be on a leash.

N-COUNT
= lead

leash

noun

lead

rein

tether

least

[D.J.:li:st]

[K.K.:list]

adj.

最小的, 最少的

一点点

adv.

最少, 最小

pron.

最小, 最少量

least *****

( Least is often considered to be the superlative form of little .)

1. least
You use at least to say that a number or amount is the smallest that is possible or likely and that the actual number or amount may be greater. The forms at the least and at the very least are also used.

- ...a dinner menu featuring at least 15 different sorts of fish...

- Aim to have at least half a pint of milk each day.

- About two-thirds of adults consult their doctor at least once a year.

- Normally it has only had eleven or twelve members in all. Now it will have seventeen at the very least.

PHR: PHR amount, amount PHR

2. least
You use at least to say that something is the minimum that is true or possible. The forms at the least and at the very least are also used.

- She could take a nice holiday at least.

- He is at least content that there will be no immediate use of force.

- At the least, I needed some sleep.

- His possession of classified documents in his home was, at the very least, a violation of Navy security regulations.

PHR: PHR with cl/group

3. least
You use at least to indicate an advantage that exists in spite of the disadvantage or bad situation that has just been mentioned.

- We've no idea what his state of health is but at least we know he is still alive.

- If something awful happens to you at least you can write about it.

PHR: PHR with cl

4. least
You use at least to indicate that you are correcting or changing something that you have just said. The forms at the least and at the very least are also used.

- It's not difficult to get money for research or at least it's not always difficult.

- The police say his death was an accident, officially at least.

- They didn't actually like the magazine very much, but they bought it or, at the least, borrowed it from each other.

PHR: PHR with cl/group

5. least
You use the least to mean a smaller amount than anyone or anything else, or the smallest amount possible.

- I try to offend the least amount of people possible.

- If you like cheese, go for the ones with the least fat.

ADJ-SUPERL: the ADJ n
≠ most

6. least
Also a pronoun.

- On education funding, Japan performs best but spends the least per student.

PRON: the PRON
≠ most

7. least
Also an adverb.

- Damming the river may end up benefitting those who need it the least.

ADV-SUPERL: the ADV after v

8. least
You use least to indicate that someone or something has less of a particular quality than most other things of its kind.

- The least experienced athletes had caused a great many false-starts through the day's proceedings.

- He was one of the least warm human beings I had ever met.

- ...the least technically accomplished car in Europe.

ADV-SUPERL: ADV adj/adv
≠ most

9. least
You use the least to emphasize the smallness of something, especially when it hardly exists at all.

- I don't have the least idea of what you're talking about.

- They neglect their duty at the least hint of fun elsewhere.

- The bosses paid less than they had promised and at the least complaint went to the police.

ADJ-SUPERL: the ADJ n emphasis

10. least
You use least to indicate that something is true or happens to a smaller degree or extent than anything else or at any other time.

- He had a way of throwing her off guard with his charm when she least expected it.

ADV-SUPERL: ADV with v
≠ most

11. least
You use least in structures where you are emphasizing that a particular situation or event is much less important or serious than other possible or actual ones.

- Having to get up at three o'clock every morning was the least of her worries.

- Although three days isn't very long, shortage of time was the least of his problems.

- At that moment, they were among the least of the concerns of the government.

ADJ-SUPERL: ADJ of def-n emphasis

12. least
You use expressions like ` that's the least that I can do ' to mean that you are very willing to do it, or to acknowledge someone's thanks.

- Well, the least you can do, if you won't help me yourself, is to tell me where to go instead.

- The least they could have given me was half a day to rest.

- The least his hotel could do is provide a little privacy.

- Why not relax and let me teach you how to windsurf? It's the least I can do.

- I want to help -- it's the least I can do for the girl who saved my brother.

- `Right,' she said, chuckling. `Thanks, anyway.' `It was the least I could do'.

PHR formulae

13. least
You can use in the least and the least bit to emphasize a negative.

- I'm not like that at all. Not in the least.

- I'm not in the least bit touched by the Marilyn Monroe kind of beauty.

- Alice wasn't the least bit frightened.

PHR: with brd-neg, PHR with cl, PHR adj emphasis

14. least
You use last but not least to say that the last person or thing to be mentioned is as important as all the others.

- ...her four sons, Christopher, twins Daniel and Nicholas, and last but not least 2-year-old Jack.

PHR: PHR with cl/group

15. least
You can use least of all after a negative statement to emphasize that it applies especially to the person or thing mentioned.

- No one ever reads these articles, least of all me.

- Such a speech should never have been made, least of all by a so called responsible politician.

PHR: with brd-neg, PHR cl/group emphasis

16. least
You can use not least to emphasize a particularly important example or reason.

- Dieting itself can be bad for you, not least because it is a cause of chronic stress.

- What is somewhat more curious is the grip football has had on some Europeans, not least the British.

PHR: PHR cl/group emphasis

17. least
You can use to say the least to suggest that a situation is actually much more extreme or serious than you say it is.

- Accommodation was basic to say the least.

- Some members of the public can be a bit abusive to say the least.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

least

adjective

smallest

fewest

lowest

meanest

minimum

poorest

slightest

tiniest

leather

[D.J.:ˈleðə]

[K.K.:ˈlɛðɚ]

n.

皮, 皮革

leather ***

1. leather leathers
Leather is treated animal skin which is used for making shoes, clothes, bags, and furniture.

- He wore a leather jacket and dark trousers.

- ...an impressive range of upholstered furniture, in a choice of fabrics and leathers.

N-MASS

2. leather leathers
Leathers are leather clothes such as jackets and trousers, especially those worn by motorcyclists. (mainly BRIT)

- ...a couple of youths in motorcyclists' black leathers.

N-PLURAL

leathery

[D.J.:ˈleðəri]

[K.K.:ˈlɛðəri]

adj.

似皮革的, 坚韧的

leathery

leathery
If the texture of something, for example someone's skin, is leathery , it is tough and hard, like leather.

- His hair and beard are both untidy and his skin is quite leathery.

ADJ-GRADED

leathery

adjective

tough

hard

rough

leave behind *****

1. leave behind leaves behind; leaving behind; left behind
If you leave someone or something behind , you go away permanently from them.

- Many of the women had left their husbands behind and they told of their fears that they may never see them again.

- We hear of women who run away, leaving behind their homes and families.

PHR-V

2. leave behind leaves behind; leaving behind; left behind
If you leave behind an object or a situation, it remains after you have left a place.

- I don't want to leave anything behind.

- A misty rain in the morning had left behind a coolness that would stay for hours.

PHR-V

3. leave behind leaves behind; leaving behind; left behind
If a person, country, or organization is left behind , they remain at a lower level than others because they are not as quick at understanding things or developing.

- We're going to be left behind by the rest of the world.

- I got left behind at school with the maths.

- Inflation has left them way behind.

PHR-V

leave off *****

1. leave off leaves off; leaving off; left off
If someone or something is left off a list, they are not included on that list.

- She has been deliberately left off the guest list.

- The judge left Walsh's name off the list of those he wanted arrested.

PHR-V

2. leave off leaves off; leaving off; left off
If someone leaves off doing something, they stop doing it.

- We all left off eating and stood about with bowed heads.

- The film takes up where the original left off and plots the final demise of Billy the Kid.

- Some of the patients left off treatment.

PHR-V
= stop

-leaved

-leaved
-leaved or -leafed combines with adjectives to form other adjectives which describe the type of leaves a tree or plant has.

- ...broad-leaved trees.

- ...very dense and small-leafed maples.

COMB in ADJ also -leafed .

leaven

[D.J.:ˈlevən]

[K.K.:ˈlɛvən]

n.

酵母,面肥

潜移默化的影响

vi.

使(面团)发酵

在…中掺入改变的因素

leavened

[D.J.:ˈlevənd]

[K.K.:ˈl ɛvənd]

adj.

加酵母的

leavening

[D.J.:ˈlevniŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɛvənɪŋ]

n.

酵母,发酵,发酵物

leaven

leaven leavens leavening leavened
If a situation or activity is leavened by something, it is made more interesting or cheerful.

- His mood of deep pessimism cannot have been leavened by his mode of transport -- a black cab.

- He found congenial officers who knew how to leaven war's rigours with riotous enjoyment.

VB

leave of absence

leave of absence leaves of absence
If you have leave of absence you have permission to be away from work for a certain period.
N-VAR

Lebanese

[ˌlebəˈni:z]

n.

黎巴嫩人

adj.

黎巴嫩(人)的

Lebanese ****

1. Lebanese
Lebanese means belonging or relating to Lebanon, or to its people or culture.

- ...talks with the Lebanese government.

ADJ Lebanese is both the singular and plural form

2. Lebanese
A Lebanese is a Lebanese citizen, or a person of Lebanese origin.
N-COUNT Lebanese is both the singular and plural form

lecher

[D.J.:ˈletʃə]

[K.K.:ˈlɛtʃɚ]

n.

好色之徒

lecher

lecher lechers
If you describe a man as a lecher , you disapprove of him because you think he behaves towards women in a way which shows he is only interested in them sexually. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

lecherous

[D.J.:ˈletʃərəs]

[K.K.:ˈlɛtʃərəs]

adj.

好色的;淫荡的

lecherously

adv.

lecherous

lecherous
If you describe a man as lecherous , you disapprove of him because he behaves towards women in a way which shows he is only interested in them sexually.

- ...lecherous old men offering sweets at the school gate.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

lecherous

adjective

lustful

lascivious

lewd

libidinous

licentious

prurient

randy informal chiefly Brit.

salacious

lechery

[D.J.:ˈletʃəri:]

[K.K.:ˈlɛtʃəri]

n.

<贬>好色,色欲,淫荡

lechery

lechery
Lechery is the behaviour of men who are only interested in women sexually.

- His lechery made him the enemy of every self-respecting husband and father in the county.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

lectern

[D.J.:ˈlektən]

[K.K.:ˈlɛktən]

n.

(教堂中的)读经台

(演说时放讲稿的)小讲台

lectern

lectern lecterns
A lectern is a high sloping desk on which someone puts their notes when they are standing up and giving a lecture.
N-COUNT

lecture

[D.J.:ˈlektʃə]

[K.K.:ˈlɛktʃɚ]

n.

演讲; 讲课

冗长的训斥[谴责]

vt. & vi.

(向…)演讲; (给…)讲课

vt.

责备, 教训, 训斥

lecture ***

1. lecture lectures
A lecture is a talk someone gives in order to teach people about a particular subject, usually at a university or college.

- ...a series of lectures by Professor Eric Robinson...

- In his lecture Riemann covered an enormous variety of topics.

N-COUNT

2. lecture lectures lecturing lectured
If you lecture on a particular subject, you give a lecture or a series of lectures about it.

- She then invited him to Atlanta to lecture on the history of art.

- She has danced, choreographed, lectured and taught all over the world.

- Wendy Rigby was recently invited to lecture a group of doctors on the benefits of aromatherapy.

VB

3. lecture lectures lecturing lectured
If someone lectures you about something, they criticize you or tell you how they think you should behave.

- He used to lecture me about getting too much sun.

- Chuck would lecture me, telling me to get a haircut.

- She was no longer interrogating but lecturing.

VB

4. lecture lectures
Also a noun.

- Our captain gave us a stern lecture on safety.

N-COUNT

lecture

noun

1.

talk

address

discourse

instruction

lesson

speech

2.

rebuke

dressing-down informal

reprimand

reproof

scolding

talking-to informal

telling off informal

verb

3.

talk

address

discourse

expound

hold forth

speak

spout

teach

4.

scold

admonish

berate

castigate

censure

reprimand

reprove

tell off informal

lecturer

[D.J.:ˈlektʃəə]

[K.K.:ˈlɛktʃəɚ]

n.

(大学或学院中的)讲课者,授课者;(英美大学中的)讲师

lecturer **

lecturer lecturers
A lecturer is a teacher at a university or college.

- ...a lecturer in law at Southampton University.

N-COUNT

lectureship

[D.J.:ˈlektʃəʃip]

[K.K.:ˈlɛktʃɚˌʃɪp]

n.

讲师的职位

lectureship

lectureship lectureships
A lectureship is the position of lecturer at a university or college.
N-COUNT

-led

1. -led
-led combines with nouns to form adjectives which indicate that something is organized, directed, or controlled by a particular person or group.

- ...the student-led democracy movement.

- ...a German-led European consortium.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. -led
-led combines with nouns to form adjectives which indicate that something is mainly caused or influenced by a particular factor.

- Their prosperity depends on export-led growth.

- ...a market-led economy.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

ledge

[D.J.:ledʒ]

[K.K.:lɛdʒ]

n.

(墙壁, 悬崖等)突出的狭长部分

ledge *

1. ledge ledges
A ledge is a piece of rock on the side of a cliff or mountain, which is in the shape of a narrow shelf.
N-COUNT

2. ledge ledges
A ledge is a narrow shelf along the bottom edge of a window.

- She had climbed onto the ledge outside his window.

N-COUNT

ledge

noun

shelf

mantle

projection

ridge

sill

step

ledger

[D.J.:ˈledʒə]

[K.K.:ˈlɛdʒɚ]

n.

分类账

ledger

ledger ledgers
A ledger is a book in which a company or organization writes down the amounts of money it spends and receives.
N-COUNT

lee

[D.J.:li:]

[K.K.:li]

n.

避风处;背风处

lees

[D.J.:li:z]

[K.K.:liz]

n.

(酒等中的)沉淀物; 渣滓

lee ***

1. lee
The lee of a place is the shelter that it gives from the wind or bad weather.

- ...the cathedral, which nestles in the lee of a hill beneath the town...

- The sea started to ease as we came under Cuba's lee.

N-SING: with poss

2. lee
In sailing, the lee side of a ship is the one that is away from the wind. (TECHNICAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

3. lee lees
The lees are the substance that collects at the bottom of a bottle or barrel of wine.

- ...a glass-fronted barrel showing the wine resting on its lees.

N-PLURAL

lees

plural noun

sediment

deposit

dregs

grounds

leech

[D.J.:li:tʃ]

[K.K.:litʃ]

n.

水蛭,蚂蟥

榨取他人脂膏者,占他人便宜者

医生

leech *

1. leech leeches
A leech is a small animal which looks like a worm and lives in water. Leeches feed by attaching themselves to other animals and sucking their blood.
N-COUNT

2. leech leeches
If you describe someone as a leech , you disapprove of them because they deliberately depend on other people, often making money out of them.

- They're just a bunch of leeches cadging off others!

N-COUNT disapproval

leek

[D.J.:li:k]

[K.K.:lik]

n.

<植>韭葱

leek *

leek leeks
Leeks are long thin vegetables which smell similar to onions. They are white at one end, have long light green leaves, and are eaten cooked.
N-VAR

leer

[D.J.:lɪə]

[K.K.:lɪr]

n.

含恶意的一瞥,不怀好意的一瞥

vi.

斜眼看,飞媚眼

leer *

1. leer leers leering leered
If someone leers at you, they smile in an unpleasant way, usually because they are sexually interested in you.

- ...men standing around, swilling beer and occasionally leering at passing females...

- He looked back at Kenworthy and leered.

VB disapproval

2. leer leers
Also a noun.

- When I asked the clerk for my room key, he gave it to me with a leer.

N-COUNT

leer

verb

grin

gloat

goggle

ogle

smirk

squint

stare

leery

[D.J.:ˈlɪəri:]

[K.K.:ˈlɪri]

adj.

留神的；猜疑的

机敏的；机警的；狡猾的

leery

leery
If you are leery of something, you are cautious and suspicious about it and try to avoid it. (INFORMAL)

- Executives say they are leery of the proposed system.

- They were leery about investing in a company controlled by a single individual.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ of/about n
= wary

leeway

[D.J.:ˈli:ˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈliˌwe]

n.

灵活性;随意处置的余地

时间损失;落后

(航行由于强风所致的)偏航

make up leeway

摆脱逆境；(尤指)挽回失去的时间

leeway *

1. leeway
Leeway is the freedom that someone has to take the action they want to or to change their plans.

- Rarely do schoolteachers have leeway to teach classes the way they want.

- The President said that he wanted to give states more leeway to pursue their own health-care reforms.

N-UNCOUNT

2. leeway
If you have leeway to make up, you have to work hard because you do not have much time to reach a particular goal. (mainly BRIT)

- He just could not make up the leeway from the earlier stages in which Ryan scored well.

N-UNCOUNT

leeway

noun

room

elbowroom

latitude

margin

play

scope

space

left field

1. left field
If you say that someone or something has come out of left field or is out in left field , you mean that they are untypical, unusual, or strange in some way.

- The question came out of left field, but Mary Ann wasn't really surprised.

- He is, like most theorists, out there in left field, ignoring the experimental evidence.

N-SING: usu prep N

2. left field
Left-field means slightly odd or unusual. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...a left-field cabaret act...

- Her parents were creative and left-field and wanted Polly to become a singer or a truck driver.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= eccentric

left-hand

[D.J.:ˈleftˈhænd]

[K.K.:ˈlɛftˈhænd]

adj.

左侧的,左手的

left-hand **

left-hand
If something is on the left-hand side of something, it is positioned on the left of it.

- They drive on the left-hand side of the road.

- The keys are in the back left-hand corner of the drawer.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ right-hand

left-hand drive

left-hand drive
A left-hand drive vehicle has the steering wheel on the left side, and is designed to be used in countries where people drive on the right-hand side of the road.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

left-handed

[D.J.:ˈleftˈhændɪd]

[K.K.:ˈlɛftˈhændɪd]

adj.

左撇的

笨拙的

无诚意的

left-handed *

1. left-handed
Someone who is left-handed uses their left hand rather than their right hand for activities such as writing and sports and for picking things up.

- I noticed she was left-handed.

- There is a place in London that supplies practically everything for left-handed people.

ADJ
≠ right-handed

2. left-handed
Also an adverb.

- My father thought that I'd be at a disadvantage if I wrote left-handed.

ADV: ADV after v

left-hander

[D.J.:ˈleftˈhændə]

[K.K.:ˈlɛftˈhændɚ]

n.

左撇子,笨拙,左手投球

left-hander *

left-hander left-handers
You can describe someone as a left-hander if they use their left hand rather than their right hand for activities such as writing and sports and for picking things up.

- Left-handers have trouble using can-openers, scissors, and potato peelers.

N-COUNT
≠ right-hander

leftism

[D.J.:ˈleftizəm]

[K.K.:ˈlɛfˌtɪzəm]

n.

左派观点,左倾行为,急进主义

leftism

leftism
Leftism refers to the beliefs and behaviour of people who support socialist ideals.

- ...changes which would move the party away from the dreamy leftism that alienated so many people.

N-UNCOUNT

leftist

[ˈleftist]

n.

左派的支持者

adj.

左派的

leftist *

1. leftist leftists
Socialists and Communists are sometimes referred to as leftists .

- Two of the men were leftists and two were centrists.

- ...Chilean leftists.

N-COUNT

2. leftist
If you describe someone, their ideals or their activities as leftist , you mean that they support the ideas of socialism or communism.

- ...an alliance of seven leftist parties...

- They make no secret of their leftist sympathies.

- ...extreme leftist ideas.

ADJ: ADJ n

left luggage

left luggage
Left luggage is used to refer to luggage that people leave at a special place in a railway station or an airport, and which they collect later. (BRIT)

- ...a left luggage locker at Victoria Station.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

left-of-centre

left-of-centre
Left-of-centre people or political parties support political ideas which are closer to socialism than to capitalism.

- ...representatives of four new left-of-centre opposition parties.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) left of center

leftover

[D.J.:ˈleftˌəʊvə]

[K.K.:ˈlɛftˌovɚ]

adj.

剩余的,未用完的

leftovers

[D.J.:ˈleftəʊvə]

[K.K.:ˈl ɛftovɚ]

n.

(用复数)剩余物;残羹剩菜

(事物、习惯等的)遗留;遗物

leftover *

1. leftover leftovers
You can refer to food that has not been eaten after a meal as leftovers .

- Refrigerate any leftovers.

- The only food I ever got was the family's leftovers.

N-PLURAL also left-over .

2. leftover
You use leftover to describe an amount of something that remains after the rest of it has been used or eaten.

- ...leftover pieces of wallpaper...

- Leftover chicken makes a wonderful salad.

ADJ: ADJ n also left-over .

3. leftover leftovers
If you say that something is a leftover from a past period of time, you mean that it has its origin there and still exists even though most other things connected to that time have disappeared.

- ...a leftover from the time our planet was first formed...

- He dragged a foot when he walked, a leftover from polio.

N-COUNT: N from n also left-over .

leftover

noun Of politics

remnant

oddment

scrap

leftward

[D.J.:ˈleftwəd]

[K.K.:ˈlɛftwəd]

adj.

在左方的,在左侧的

adv.

在左方,在左侧

leftward

1. leftward
Leftward or leftwards means on or towards a political position that is closer to socialism than to capitalism.

- Their success does not necessarily reflect a leftward shift in politics.

ADJ: ADJ n The form leftwards is also used

2. leftward
Also an adverb.

- He seemed to move leftwards as he grew older.

ADV: ADV after v The form leftwards is also used

left-wing

[D.J.:ˈleft wɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈl ɛftˌ wɪŋ]

adj.

左派的

left-wing **

1. left-wing
Left-wing people have political ideas that are based on socialism.

- They said they would not be voting for him because he was too left-wing.

ADJ-GRADED also left wing .
≠ right-wing

2. left-wing
The left wing of a group of people, especially a political party, consists of the members of it whose beliefs are closer to socialism than are those of its other members.

- The left-wing of the party is confident that the motion will be carried.

N-SING: usu the N also left wing .
≠ right wing

left-wing

adjective

socialist

communist

radical

red informal

left-winger

[ˈleftˈwiŋə]

n.

(政党等的)左翼成员,左派,(足球队等的)左翼球员

left-winger *

left-winger left-wingers
A left-winger is a person whose political beliefs are close to socialism, or closer to them than most of the other people in the same group or party.

- We were accused of being militant left-wingers.

N-COUNT
≠ right-winger

lefty

[D.J.:ˈlefti]

[K.K.:ˈlɛfti]

n.

左撇子,左翼分子

lefty

1. lefty lefties
If you refer to someone as a lefty , you mean that they have socialist beliefs. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...a large group of students and trendy lefties.

N-COUNT: oft N n also leftie . disapproval

2. lefty lefties
A lefty is someone, especially a sports player, who is left-handed. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- The fact that Goran is a lefty just makes his serve that little bit better.

N-COUNT also leftie .

leg

[D.J.:leɡ]

[K.K.:lɛɡ]

n.

腿

腿肉

裤腿

桌椅等的腿

一段行程

legs

n.

木头支架

leg ****

1. leg legs
A person or animal's legs are the long parts of their body that they use to stand on.

- He was tapping his walking stick against his leg.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

2. -legged

- Her name was Sheila, a long-legged blonde.

- ...a large four-legged animal.

COMB in ADJs

3. leg legs
The legs of a pair of trousers are the parts that cover your legs.

- He moved on through wet grass that soaked his trouser legs.

N-COUNT: usu pl

4. leg legs
A leg of lamb, pork, chicken, or other meat is a piece of meat that consists of the animal's or bird's leg, especially the thigh.

- ...a chicken leg.

- ...a leg of mutton.

N-COUNT: n N, N of n

5. leg legs
The legs of a table, chair, or other piece of furniture are the parts that rest on the floor and support the furniture's weight.

- His ankles were tied to the legs of the chair.

- The teak table has fluted legs.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft n N, N of n

6. -legged

- ...a three-legged stool.

- ...an ancient Guatemalan bow-legged table.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

7. leg legs
A leg of a long journey is one part of it, usually between two points where you stop.

- The first leg of the journey was by boat to Lake Naivasha in Kenya.

N-COUNT: usu ord N, N of n

8. leg legs
A leg of a sports competition is one of a series of games that are played to find an overall winner. (mainly BRIT)

- The first round of the cup was decided over two legs.

- They will televise both legs of Leeds' European Cup clash with Rangers.

N-COUNT

9. leg
If you leg it , you run very quickly, usually in order to escape from someone. (INFORMAL)

- We saw some kids shinning up a drainpipe before legging it clutching a TV and hi-fi.

- He was now to be seen legging it across the field.

PHR: V inflects

10. leg
If you say that something or someone is on their last legs , you mean that the period of time when they were successful or strong is ending. (INFORMAL)

- By the mid-1980s, the copper industry in the US was on its last legs.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

11. leg
If you are pulling someone's leg , you are teasing them by telling them something shocking or worrying as a joke. (INFORMAL)

- Of course I won't tell them; I was only pulling your leg.

PHR: V inflects
= joking

12. leg
If you say that someone does not have a leg to stand on , or hasn't got a leg to stand on , you mean that a statement or claim they have made cannot be justified or proved. (INFORMAL)

- It's only my word against his, I know. So I don't have a leg to stand on.

PHR: with brd-neg

leg

noun

1.

limb

lower limb

member

pin informal

stump informal

2.

support

brace

prop

upright

3.

stage

lap

part

portion

section

segment

stretch

pull someone's leg

4.

tease

fool

kid informal

make fun of

trick

wind up Brit. slang

legacy

[D.J.:ˈleɡəsi]

[K.K.:ˈlɛɡəsi]

n.

遗产, 遗赠物

遗留之物

legacy **

1. legacy legacies
A legacy is money or property which someone leaves to you when they die.

- You could make a real difference to someone's life by leaving them a generous legacy.

N-COUNT

2. legacy legacies
A legacy of an event or period of history is something which is a direct result of it and which continues to exist after it is over.

- ...a programme to overcome the legacy of inequality and injustice created by Apartheid...

- The old system has left a mixed legacy.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n, n N

legacy

noun Informal

bequest

estate

gift

heirloom

inheritance

legal

[D.J.:ˈli:ɡəl]

[K.K.:ˈliɡəl]

adj.

法律上的; 合法的; 法定的

legally

[D.J.:ˈli: gəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈliɡ l..ɪ]

adv.

法律上;合法地

legal ****

1. legal
Legal is used to describe things that relate to the law.

- He vowed to take legal action.

- ...the British legal system...

- I sought legal advice on this.

- ...the legal profession.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. legally

- There are reasons to doubt that a second trial is morally, legally or politically justified.

- It could be a bit problematic, legally speaking.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj, ADV with cl

3. legal
An action or situation that is legal is allowed or required by law.

- What I did was perfectly legal.

- ...drivers who have more than the legal limit of alcohol.

ADJ
≠ illegal

4. legally

- The school is legally responsible for your child's safety.

- A lorry driver can legally work eighty-two hours a week.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v

legal

adjective

1.

legitimate

allowed

authorized

constitutional

lawful

licit

permissible

sanctioned

valid

2.

judicial

forensic

juridical

legal aid *

legal aid
Legal aid is money given by the government or another organization to people who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
N-UNCOUNT

legalistic

[li:ɡəˈlistik]

adj.

尊重法律的

legalistic

legalistic
If you say that someone's language or ideas are legalistic , you are criticizing them for paying too much attention to legal details.

- ...complicated legalistic language.

- ...his fussily legalistic mind.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

legality

[D.J.:li:ˈgælɪti:]

[K.K.:liˈɡælɪti]

n.

合法性,法律性

legality *

legality
If you talk about the legality of an action or situation, you are talking about whether it is legal or not.

- The auditor has questioned the legality of the contracts.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n

legality

noun

legitimacy

lawfulness

rightfulness

validity

legalization

[D.J.:ˌli: gəlaɪˈzeɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˌliɡ l..əˈzeʃən]

n.

合法化;认可

legalize

[D.J.:ˈli:gəˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈliɡəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使合法化,使得到法律认可

legalization

n.

合法化,法律上认可

legalize *

1. legalize legalizes legalizing legalized
If something is legalized , a law is passed that makes it legal.

- Divorce was legalized in 1981.

- ...the decision of the Georgian government to legalise multi-party elections.

VB (BRIT) also legalise

2. legalization

- She ruled out the legalisation of drugs.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n

legalize

verb

allow

approve

authorize

decriminalize

legitimate

legitimize

license

permit

sanction

validate

legal tender

legal tender
Legal tender is money, especially a particular coin or banknote, which is officially part of a country's currency at a particular time.
N-UNCOUNT

legate

[D.J.:l iˈɡeit]

[K.K.:ˈlɛɡɪt]

n.

使节

legate

legate legates
A legate is a person who is the official representative of another person, especially the Pope's official representative in a particular country. (FORMAL)

- ...Pope Innocent VI's legate, Cardinal Albornoz.

N-COUNT
= representative

legation

[D.J.:lɪˈgeɪʃən]

[K.K.:lɪˈɡeʃən]

n.

公使馆全体人员

公使馆

legation

1. legation legations
A legation is a group of government officials and diplomats who work in a foreign country and represent their government in that country.

- ...a member of the US legation.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

2. legation legations
A legation is the building in which a legation works.

- We were still at the legation at Eaton Place.

N-COUNT

legation

noun

delegation

consulate

embassy

representation

legend

[D.J.:ˈledʒənd]

[K.K.:ˈlɛdʒənd]

n.

传说, 传奇故事

传奇人物

legend **

1. legend legends
A legend is a very old and popular story that may be true.

- ...the legends of ancient Greece.

- ...the Robin Hood legend...

- The play was based on Irish legend.

N-VAR

2. legend legends
If you refer to someone as a legend , you mean that they are very famous and admired by a lot of people.

- ...blues legends John Lee Hooker and B.B. King.

N-COUNT approval

3. legend legends
A legend is a story that people talk about, concerning people, places, or events that exist or are famous at the present time.

- The incident has since become a family legend.

- His frequent brushes with death are the stuff of legend among the press.

N-VAR

legend

noun

1.

myth

fable

fiction

folk tale

saga

story

tale

2.

celebrity

luminary

megastar informal

phenomenon

prodigy

3.

inscription

caption

motto

legendary

[D.J.:ˈledʒənˌderi:]

[K.K.:ˈlɛdʒənˌdɛri]

adj.

传奇的

著名的, 名扬四海的

legendary **

1. legendary
If you describe someone or something as legendary , you mean that they are very famous and that many stories are told about them.

- ...the legendary Jazz singer Adelaide Hall...

- His political skill is legendary.

ADJ-GRADED

2. legendary
A legendary person, place, or event is mentioned or described in an old legend.

- The hill is supposed to be the resting place of the legendary King Lud.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

legendary

adjective

1.

mythical

apocryphal

fabled

fabulous

fictitious

romantic

traditional

2.

famous

celebrated

famed

illustrious

immortal

renowned

well-known

leggings

[ˈleɡiŋz]

n.

裹腿, 绑腿

leggings *

1. leggings
Leggings are close-fitting trousers, usually made out of a stretchy fabric, that are worn by women and girls.

- She is wearing tight, black leggings and a baggy green jersey.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

2. leggings
Leggings are an outer covering of leather or other strong material, often in the form of trousers, that you wear over your normal trousers in order to protect them.

- ...a pair of leggings to slip on over your other clothes.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

leggy

[D.J.:ˈleɡi]

[K.K.:ˈlɛɡi]

adj.

腿过长的,有优美的腿的

leggy

leggy
If you describe someone, usually a woman, as leggy , you mean that they have very long legs and usually that you find this attractive.

- The leggy beauty was none other than our own Naomi Campbell.

ADJ-GRADED

legible

legible
Legible writing is clear enough to read.

- My handwriting isn't very legible.

- ...a barely legible sign.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ illegible

legible

adjective

clear

decipherable

distinct

easy to read

neat

readable

legion

[D.J.:ˈli:dʒən]

[K.K.:ˈlidʒən]

n.

古罗马军团

众多, 大量

legion *

1. legion legions
A legion is a large group of soldiers who form one section of an army.

- ...the Sudan-based troops of the Libyan Islamic Legion...

- The last of the Roman legions left Britain in AD 410.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

2. legion legions
A legion of people or things is a great number of them. (WRITTEN)

- His delightful sense of humour won him a legion of friends.

- ...a legion of stories about noisy neighbours.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. legion
If you say that things of a particular kind are legion , you mean that there are a great number of them. (FORMAL)

- Books on the subject of Tarot Cards are legion.

- The number of women who become pregnant after adopting children is legion.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

legion

noun

1.

army

brigade

company

division

force

troop

2.

multitude

drove

horde

host

mass

myriad

number

throng

legislate

[D.J.:ˈledʒɪˌsleɪt]

[K.K.:ˈlɛdʒɪˌslet]

vt. & vi.

立法;制定法律

legislate *

legislate legislates legislating legislated
When a government or state legislates , it passes a new law. (FORMAL)

- Most member countries have already legislated against excessive overtime.

- You cannot legislate to change attitudes.

- ...attempts to legislate a national energy strategy.

VB

legislation

[D.J.:ˌledʒisˈleiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌlɛdʒɪˈsleʃən]

n.

法律; 法规

立法, 法律的制定[通过]

legislation ***

legislation
Legislation consists of a law or laws passed by a government. (FORMAL)

- ...a letter calling for legislation to protect women's rights.

N-UNCOUNT

legislation

noun

1.

lawmaking

enactment

prescription

regulation

2.

law

act

bill

charter

measure

regulation

ruling

statute

legislative

[D.J.:ˈledʒɪˌsleɪtɪv]

[K.K.:ˈlɛdʒɪˌsletɪv]

adj.

立法的

legislative **

legislative
Legislative means involving or relating to the process of making and passing laws. (FORMAL)

- Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.

- ...the country's highest legislative body.

ADJ: ADJ n

legislative

adjective

law-making

judicial

law-giving

legislator

[D.J.:ˈledʒɪˌsleɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈlɛdʒɪˌsletɚ]

n.

立法委员;议员;立法者

legislator *

legislator legislators
A legislator is a person who is involved in making or passing laws. (FORMAL)

- ...an attempt to get US legislators to change the system.

N-COUNT

legislator

noun

lawmaker

lawgiver

legislature

[D.J.:ˈledʒɪˌsleɪtʃə]

[K.K.:ˈlɛdʒɪˌsletʃɚ]

n.

立法机关,立法团体

legislature **

legislature legislatures
The legislature of a particular state or country is the group of people in it who have the power to make and pass laws. (FORMAL)

- The proposals before the legislature include the creation of two special courts to deal exclusively with violent crimes.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

legislature

noun

parliament

assembly

chamber

congress

senate

legit

[D.J.:l əˈdʒit]

[K.K.:ləˈdʒɪt]

n.

正统剧,正统剧院

adj.

合法的

legit

legit
If you describe a person or thing as legit , you mean that they are in accordance with the law or with a particular set of rules and regulations. (INFORMAL)

- I checked him out, he's legit.

- What is the point of going legit and getting married?

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

legitimacy

[D.J.:ləˈdʒɪtəməsi:]

[K.K.:ləˈdʒɪtəməsi]

n.

合法(性);正统(性)

合理

legitimate

[D.J.:liˈdʒitimit]

[K.K.:ləˈdʒɪtəmɪt]

adj.

合情合理的; 合法的

legitimately

adv.

正当地,合理地

legitimation

n.

合法化,认为嫡出

legitimate **

1. legitimate
Something that is legitimate is acceptable according to the law.

- The French government has condemned the coup in Haiti and has demanded the restoration of the legitimate government.

- The government will not seek to disrupt the legitimate business activities of the defendant.

ADJ-GRADED

2. legitimacy

- The opposition parties do not recognise the political legitimacy of his government.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

3. legitimately

- The government has been legitimately elected by the people.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

4. legitimate
If you say that something such as a feeling or claim is legitimate , you think that it is reasonable and justified.

- That's a perfectly legitimate fear.

- The New York Times has a legitimate claim to be a national newspaper.

ADJ-GRADED

5. legitimacy

- Sampras beat Carl-Uwe Steeb by 6-1, 6-2, 6-1 to underline the legitimacy of his challenge for the title.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

6. legitimately

- They could quarrel quite legitimately with some of my choices.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

7. legitimate
A legitimate child is one whose parents were married before he or she was born.

- We only married in order that the child should be legitimate.

ADJ
≠ illegitimate

8. legitimate legitimates legitimating legitimated
To legitimate something means the same as to legitimize it. (FORMAL)

- We want to legitimate this process by passing a law.

VB

9. legitimation

- ...the legitimation of state constitutions.

N-UNCOUNT

legitimate

adjective

1.

legal

authentic

authorized

genuine

kosher informal

lawful

licit

rightful

2.

reasonable

admissible

correct

justifiable

logical

sensible

valid

warranted

well-founded

verb

3.

authorize

legalize

legitimize

permit

pronounce lawful

sanction

legitimize

[D.J.:liˈdʒitimaiz]

[K.K.:ləˈdʒɪtəˌmaɪz]

vt.

使合法, 给…以合法地位

legitimize *

legitimize legitimizes legitimizing legitimized
To legitimize something, especially something bad, means to officially allow it, approve it, or make it seem acceptable. (FORMAL)

- They will accept no agreement that legitimizes the ethnic division of the country.

- Images which glorify violence and cruelty, serve to legitimise such behaviour.

VB The spellings legitimise in British English, and legitimatize in American English are also used.
= sanction

legitimize

verb

legalize

authorize

permit

sanction

legless

adj.

无腿的

legless

1. legless
A legless person or animal has no legs.

- ...Douglas Bader, the legless wartime fighter pilot...

- The slow-worm is in fact not a snake but a legless lizard.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. legless
If you say that someone is legless , you mean that they are extremely drunk. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- They found the locals getting legless on tequila.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

leg room

leg room
Leg room is the amount of space, especially in a car or other vehicle, that is available in front of your legs.

- Tall drivers won't have enough leg room.

N-UNCOUNT

legume

[D.J.:ˈleɡju:m]

[K.K.:ˈlɛɡˌjum, ləˈɡjum]

n.

豆科植物, 豆类蔬菜

legume

legume legumes
People sometimes use legumes to refer to peas, beans, and other related vegetables. (TECHNICAL)

- Legumes are an excellent source of protein.

N-COUNT
= pulse

leisure

[D.J.:ˈleʒə]

[K.K.:ˈliʒɚ, ˈlɛʒɚ]

n.

空闲时间, 闲暇

悠闲, 安逸

leisure **

1. leisure
Leisure is the time when you are not working and you can relax and do things that you enjoy.

- ...a relaxing way to fill my leisure time.

- ...one of Britain's most popular leisure activities.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

2. leisure
If someone does something at leisure or at their leisure , they enjoy themselves by doing it when they want to, without hurrying.

- You will be able to stroll at leisure through the gardens.

- He could read all the national papers at his leisure.

PHR: PHR after v

leisure

noun

spare time

ease

freedom

free time

liberty

recreation

relaxation

rest

leisure centre *

leisure centre leisure centres
A leisure centre is a large public building containing different facilities for leisure activities, such as a sports hall, a swimming pool, and rooms for meetings. (BRIT)

- The hour-long sessions take place at Bloxwich Leisure Centre.

N-COUNT: oft in names

leisured

[D.J.:ˈli:ʒəd, ˈleʒəd]

[K.K.:ˈliʒəd, ˈlɛʒəd]

adj.

有空闲的,悠闲自在的

leisured

1. leisured
Leisured people are people who do not work, usually because they are rich.

- Bronzed skin became a symbol of wealth, health and beauty, a sign that the owner belonged to the leisured classes.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. leisured
Leisured activities are done in a relaxed way or do not involve work.

- ...this leisured life of reading and writing.

ADJ-GRADED
= relaxed

leisurely

[D.J.:ˈli:ʒəli:, ˈleʒə-]

[K.K.:ˈliʒəli, ˈlɛʒə-]

adj.

从容的, 不慌不忙的

leisurely *

1. leisurely
A leisurely action is done in a relaxed and unhurried way.

- Lunch was a leisurely affair.

- Tweed walked at a leisurely pace.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. leisurely
Also an adverb.

- We walked leisurely into the hotel.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

leisurely

adjective

unhurried

comfortable

easy

gentle

lazy

relaxed

slow

leisurewear

[D.J.:ˈli:ʒəˌweə, ˈleʒə-]

[K.K.:ˈliʒɚˌwɛr, ˈlɛʒə-]

n.

休闲服

leisurewear

leisurewear
Leisurewear is informal clothing which you wear when you are not working, for example at weekends or on holiday. (BRIT, WRITTEN)

- Their range of leisurewear is aimed at fashion-conscious 13 to 25 year-olds.

N-UNCOUNT
= sportswear casuals

leitmotif

[D.J.:ˈlaitməuti:f]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪtmoˌtif]

n.

主乐调,乐旨

leitmotif

leitmotif leitmotifs
A leitmotif in something such as a book or film or in a person's life is an idea or an object which occurs again and again. (FORMAL)

- The title of one of Dietrich's best-known songs could serve as the leitmotif for her life.

N-COUNT also leitmotiv .

lemming

[D.J.:ˈlemiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɛmɪŋ]

n.

旅鼠

lemming

1. lemming lemmings
A lemming is an animal that looks like a large rat with thick fur. Lemmings live in cold northern regions and sometimes travel in very large numbers.
N-COUNT

2. lemming lemmings
If you say that a large group of people are acting like lemmings , you are critical of them because they all follow each other into an action without thinking about it.

- The French crowds pour like lemmings down the motorway to Paris.

N-COUNT: usu pl disapproval

lemon

[D.J.:ˈlemən]

[K.K.:ˈlɛmən]

n.

柠檬树

柠檬

柠檬黄, 柠檬色

lemon **

1. lemon lemons
A lemon is a bright yellow fruit with very sour juice. Lemons grow on trees in warm countries.

- ...a slice of lemon.

- ...oranges, lemons and other citrus fruits.

- ...lemon juice.

N-VAR

2. lemon
Lemon is a drink that tastes of lemons.
N-UNCOUNT

3. lemon lemons
Lemon is the same as lemon yellow .
COLOUR

4. lemon lemons
If you think that something is a failure, or not as good or as useful as it should be, you can say that it is a lemon . (INFORMAL)

- He took a little test drive and agreed the car was a lemon.

N-COUNT disapproval

5. lemon lemons
If you think that someone looks foolish because they are shy or slow to take action, you can say that they are like a lemon . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I just stood there like a lemon.

N-COUNT disapproval

lemonade

[D.J.:ˌleməˈneid]

[K.K.:ˌlɛməˈned]

n.

柠檬汽水

lemonade *

1. lemonade
Lemonade is a colourless sweet fizzy drink. A drink that is made from lemons, sugar, and water can also be referred to as lemonade .

- He was pouring ice and lemonade into tall glasses.

N-UNCOUNT

2. lemonade lemonades
A glass of lemonade can be referred to as a lemonade .

- I'm going to get you a lemonade.

N-COUNT

lemon curd

lemon curd
Lemon curd is a thick yellow food made from lemons. You spread it on bread or use it to fill cakes or pastries. (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

lemongrass

[D.J.:ˈlemənɡrɑ:s]

[K.K.:ˈlɛmənˌɡræs]

n.

柠檬香草

lemongrass

lemongrass
Lemongrass is a type of grass that grows in warm countries. It is used as a flavouring in food.
N-UNCOUNT also lemon grass .

lemon squeezer

lemon squeezer lemon squeezers
A lemon squeezer is an object used for squeezing juice out of lemons and oranges.
N-COUNT

lemony

[ˈleməni]

adj.

柠檬的

lemony

lemony
Something that smells or tastes of lemons can be described as lemony .

- The salad dressing was too lemony.

ADJ-GRADED

lemon yellow

lemon yellow
Lemon yellow or lemon is used to describe things that are pale yellow in colour.

- ...a lovely shade of lemon yellow.

- ...lemon coloured trousers.

COLOUR also lemon-yellow .

lemur

[D.J.:ˈli:mə]

[K.K.:ˈlimɚ]

n.

〈动〉狐猴

lemur

lemur lemurs
A lemur is an animal that looks like a small monkey and has a long tail and a face similar to that of a fox.
N-COUNT

lend

[D.J.:lend]

[K.K.:lɛnd]

vt. & vi.

把…借给

vt.

增加, 增添

lending

[D.J.:ˈlendiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɛndɪŋ]

n.

出借,出租,贷款,出借物,出租物

lent

[D.J.:lent]

[K.K.:lɛnt]

(lend的过去式和过去分词)

lend ***

1. lend lends lending lent
When people or organizations such as banks lend you money, they give it to you and you agree to pay it back at a future date, often with an extra amount as interest.

- The bank is reassessing its criteria for lending money.

- I had to lend him ten pounds to take his children to the pictures.

- ...financial de-regulation that led to institutions being more willing to lend.

VB

2. lending

- ...a financial institution that specializes in the lending of money.

- ...a slump in bank lending.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

3. lend lends lending lent
If you lend something that you own, you allow someone to have it or use it for a period of time.

- Will you lend me your jacket for a little while?.

- He had lent the bungalow to the Conrads for a couple of weeks.

VB

4. lend lends lending lent
If you lend your support to someone or something, you help them with what they are doing or with a problem that they have.

- He was approached by the organisers to lend support to a benefit concert.

- Stipe attended yesterday's news conference to lend his support.

VB
= give

5. lend lends lending lent
If something lends itself to a particular activity or result, it is easy for it to be used for that activity or to achieve that result.

- The room lends itself well to summer eating with its light, airy atmosphere.

VB

6. lend lends lending lent
If something lends a particular quality to something else, it adds that quality to it.

- Enthusiastic applause lent a sense of occasion to the proceedings.

- A more relaxed regime and regular work lends the inmates a dignity not seen in other prisons.

VB

lent

Lent is the past tense and past participle of lend .

lend

verb

1.

loan

advance

2.

add

bestow

confer

give

grant

impart

provide

supply

lend itself to

3.

suit

be appropriate

be serviceable

lender

[ˈlendə]

n.

出借人, 贷方

lender **

lender lenders
A lender is a person or an institution that lends money to people.

- ...the six leading mortgage lenders.

N-COUNT

lending library

lending library lending libraries
A lending library is a library from which the public are allowed to borrow books.
N-COUNT

lending rate *

lending rate lending rates
The lending rate is the rate of interest that you have to pay when you are repaying a loan.

- The bank left its lending rates unchanged.

N-COUNT

length

[D.J.:leŋθ]

[K.K.:lɛŋkθ, lɛŋθ]

n.

一段, 一节

长, 长度; 距离

length ****

1. length lengths
The length of something is the amount that it measures from one end to the other along the longest side.

- It is about a metre in length.

- ...the length of the fish...

- The plane had a wing span of 34ft and a length of 22ft.

N-VAR: oft with poss, oft amount in N, N of amount

2. length lengths
The length of something such as a piece of writing is the amount of writing that is contained in it.

- ...a book of at least 100 pages in length...

- The length of a paragraph depends on the information it conveys.

N-VAR: oft with poss, oft amount in N

3. length lengths
The length of an event, activity, or situation is the period of time from beginning to end for which something lasts or during which something happens.

- The exact length of each period may vary.

- His film, over two hours in length, is a subtle if slightly ponderous dissection of family life.

N-VAR: oft with poss, oft amount in N

4. length lengths
A length of rope, cloth, wood, or other material is a piece of it that is intended to be used for a particular purpose or that exists in a particular situation.

- ...a 30ft length of rope...

- You can hang lengths of fabric behind the glass.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

5. length
The length of something is its quality of being long.

- Many have been surprised at the length of time it has taken him to make up his mind.

- I noticed, too, the length of her fingers.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

6. length lengths
If you swim a length in a swimming pool, you swim the distance from one end to the other.

- I swim 40 lengths a day.

N-COUNT: usu num N

7. length lengths
In boat racing or horse racing, a length is the distance from the front to the back of the boat or horse. You can talk about one boat or horse being one or more lengths in front of or behind another.

- Harvard won by four lengths.

N-COUNT: usu num N

8. length
If something happens or exists along the length of something, it happens or exists for the whole way along it.

- I looked along the length of the building.

- The inspiration stemming from his travels lasted the length of his career.

N-SING: the N of n

9. length
If someone does something at length , they do it after a long period of time. (LITERARY)

- At length my father went into the house.

PHR: PHR cl

10. length
If someone does something at length , they do it for a long time or in great detail.

- They spoke at length, reviewing the entire incident.

PHR: PHR after v

11. length
If you say that someone goes to great lengths to achieve something, you mean that they try very hard and perhaps do extreme things in order to achieve it.

- Greta Garbo went to great lengths to hide from reporters and photographers.

PHR: V inflects

length

noun

1.

distance

extent

longitude

measure

reach

span

2.

duration

period

space

span

stretch

term

3.

piece

measure

portion

section

segment

at length

4.

in detail

completely

fully

in depth

thoroughly

to the full

for a long time

for ages

for hours

interminably

at last

at long last

eventually

finally

in the end

-length

-length
-length combines with nouns to form adjectives that describe something that is of a certain length, or long enough to reach the point indicated by the noun.

- ...shoulder-length hair.

- ...knee-length boots.

- ...a feature-length film.

COMB in ADJ
See also full-length .

lengthen

[D.J.:ˈleŋkθən, ˈleŋ-]

[K.K.:ˈlɛŋkθən, ˈlɛŋ-]

vt. & vi.

(时间或空间)延长, 伸长

lengthening

延长;拉长

lengthen *

1. lengthen lengthens lengthening lengthened
When something lengthens or when you lengthen it, it increases in length.

- The evening shadows were lengthening.

- She began to walk faster, but he lengthened his stride to keep up with her.

- The runway had to be lengthened.

V-ERG
≠ shorten

2. lengthen lengthens lengthening lengthened
When something lengthens or when you lengthen it, it lasts for a longer time than it did previously.

- Vacations have lengthened and the work week has shortened.

- The council does not support lengthening the school day to fit in other activities.

V-ERG
≠ shorten

lengthen

verb Of time

extend

continue

draw out

elongate

expand

increase

prolong

protract

spin out

stretch

lengthways

[D.J.:ˈleŋkθˌweɪz, ˈleŋθ-]

[K.K.:ˈlɛŋkθˌwez, ˈlɛŋθ-]

adv.

纵长地

lengthways

lengthways
Lengthways or lengthwise means in a direction or position along the length of something.

- Cut the aubergines in half lengthways.

- She tore off two sections of paper towel and folded them lengthwise.

ADV: ADV after v

lengthwise

[D.J.:ˈleŋθwaiz]

[K.K.:ˈlɛŋkθˌwaɪz, ˈlɛŋθ-]

adv.

纵长地, 纵向地

lengthwise

lengthwise
Lengthwise means the same as lengthways .

- Peel the onion and cut it in half lengthwise.

ADV: ADV after v

lengthy

[D.J.:ˈleŋkθi:, ˈleŋ-]

[K.K.:ˈlɛŋkθi, ˈlɛŋ-]

adj.

长的, 漫长的, 啰嗦的

lengthy **

1. lengthy lengthier lengthiest
You use lengthy to describe an event or process which lasts for a long time.

- ...a lengthy meeting.

- ...the lengthy process of filling out passport application forms.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. lengthy lengthier lengthiest
A lengthy report, article, book, or document contains a lot of speech, writing, or other material.

- ...a lengthy report from the Council of Ministers...

- There is a lengthy article on Spike Milligan in the Observer newspaper.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

lengthy

adjective

long

drawn-out

extended

interminable

long-drawn-out

long-winded

prolonged

protracted

tedious

leniency

[D.J.:ˈli:ni:ənsi:, ˈli:njən-]

[K.K.:ˈliniənsi, ˈlinjən-]

n.

宽大;仁慈

leniency

leniency
Leniency is a lenient attitude or lenient behaviour.

- The judge rejected pleas for leniency and sentenced him to six months in prison.

- He said he would show no leniency towards those who stirred up trouble between Muslims and Christians.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to/towards n

leniency

noun

tolerance

clemency

compassion

forbearance

indulgence

mercy

moderation

pity

quarter

lenient

[D.J.:ˈli:njənt]

[K.K.:ˈliniənt, ˈlinjənt]

adj.

宽大的, 仁慈的

leniently

adv.

温和地,仁慈地

lenient *

1. lenient
When someone in authority is lenient , they are not as strict or severe as expected.

- He believes the government already is lenient with drug traffickers.

- Professor Oswald takes a sightly more lenient view.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n

2. leniently

- Many people believe reckless drivers are treated too leniently.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

lenient

adjective

tolerant

compassionate

forbearing

forgiving

indulgent

kind

merciful

sparing

lens

[D.J.:lenz]

[K.K.:lɛnz]

n.

透镜, 镜头

眼睛中的水晶体

lens ***

1. lens lenses
A lens is a thin curved piece of glass or plastic used in things such as cameras, telescopes, and pairs of glasses. You look through a lens in order to make things look larger, smaller, or clearer.

- ...a camera lens...

- I packed your sunglasses with the green lenses.

N-COUNT

2. lens lenses
In your eye, the lens is the part behind the pupil that focuses light and helps you to see clearly.
N-COUNT: usu sing

Lent

[lent]

n.

〈宗〉四旬斋

Lent

Lent
Lent is the period of forty days before Easter, during which some Christians give up something that they enjoy.

- It was a favourite meal on Fridays and fast days, particularly during Lent.

N-UNCOUNT

lentil

[D.J.:ˈlentəl]

[K.K.:ˈlɛntəl]

n.

小扁豆

小扁豆植株

lentil *

lentil lentils
Lentils are the seeds of a lentil plant. They can be dried and used to make soups and stews.
N-COUNT: usu pl

Leo

[D.J.:ˈli(:)əu]

[K.K.:ˈlio]

n.

狮子(用于儿童故事寓言等),(天文)狮子座

Leo **

1. Leo
Leo is one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. Its symbol is a lion. People who are born approximately between the 23rd of July and the 22nd of August come under this sign.
N-UNCOUNT

2. Leo Leos
A Leo is a person whose sign of the zodiac is Leo.
N-COUNT

leonine

[D.J.:ˈli:əˌnaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈliəˌnaɪn]

adj.

狮子般的

狮子的

leonine

leonine
Leonine means like a lion, and is used especially to describe men with a lot of hair on their head, or with big beards. (LITERARY)

- ...a tall leonine grey-haired man.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

leopard

[D.J.:ˈlepəd]

[K.K.:ˈlɛpəd]

n.

豹

a leopard cannot change its spots

本性难移

leopard *

1. leopard leopards
A leopard is a type of large, wild cat. Leopards have yellow fur and black spots, and live in Africa and Asia.
N-COUNT

2. leopard
If you say that a leopard cannot change its spots , you mean that people or things are not able to change their basic characteristics, especially when you are critical of those characteristics.

- This only goes to show how this racist leopard has in no way changed his spots.

PHR: V inflects

leotard

[D.J.:ˈli:əˌtɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈliəˌtɑrd]

n.

(杂技、舞蹈等演员穿的)紧身连衣裤

leotard

leotard leotards
A leotard is a tight-fitting piece of clothing, covering the body but not the legs, that some people wear when they practise dancing or do exercise.
N-COUNT

leper

[D.J.:ˈlepə]

[K.K.:ˈlɛpɚ]

n.

麻风病患者

(由于道德和社会原因)别人避之唯恐不及的人

leper

1. leper lepers
A leper is a person who has leprosy.
N-COUNT

2. leper lepers
If you refer to someone as a leper , you mean that people in their community avoid them because they have done something that has shocked or offended people.

- The newspaper article had branded her a social leper not fit to be seen in company.

N-COUNT

leprosy

[D.J.:ˈleprəsi:]

[K.K.:ˈlɛprəsi]

n.

麻风病

leprosy

leprosy
Leprosy is an infectious disease that damages people's flesh.
N-UNCOUNT

lesbian

[ˈlezbiən]

n.

同性恋女子

adj.

女性同性恋的

lesbian ***

1. lesbian
Lesbian is used to describe homosexual women.

- Many of her best friends were lesbian.

ADJ

2. lesbian lesbians
A lesbian is a woman who is lesbian.

- ...a youth group for lesbians, gays and bisexuals.

N-COUNT

3. lesbian
Lesbian is used to describe the relationships and activities of homosexual women, and the organizations or publications intended for them or created by them.

- ...a long-term lesbian relationship.

ADJ

lesbian

adjective

homosexual

gay

sapphic

lesbianism

lesbianism
Lesbianism refers to homosexual relationships between women or the preference that a woman shows for sexual relationships with women.

- ...today's increased public awareness of lesbianism.

N-UNCOUNT

lesion

[D.J.:ˈli:ʒən]

[K.K.:ˈliʒən]

n.

损害,损伤

身体器官组织的损伤

lesion *

lesion lesions
A lesion is an injury or wound to someone's body. (MEDICAL)

- ...skin lesions.

- ...a lesion of the spinal cord.

N-COUNT

less

[D.J.:les]

[K.K.:lɛs]

adj.

较少的, 更少的

adv.

较少, 更少地, 少

less *****

( Less is often considered to be the comparative form of little .)

1. less
You use less to indicate that there is a smaller amount of something than before or than average. You can use `a little', `a lot', `a bit', `far', and `much' in front of less .

- People should eat less fat to reduce the risk of heart disease.

- ...a dishwasher that uses less water and electricity than older machines...

- Children of very low ability should not be permitted to pay less attention to the sciences.

DET: DET n-uncount
≠ more

2. less
Also a pronoun.

- Borrowers are striving to ease their financial position by spending less and saving more.

PRON
≠ more

3. less
Also a quantifier.

- Last year less of the money went into high-technology companies.

- The other option would be for me to own less of the house but that would be stupid.

QUANT: QUANT of def-n-uncount/sing
≠ more

4. less
You use less than before a number or amount to say that the actual number or amount is smaller than this.

- Motorways actually cover less than 0.1 percent of the countryside.

- Less than a half hour later he returned upstairs.

PHR-PREP: PREP amount

5. less
You use less to indicate that something or someone has a smaller amount of a quality than they used to or than is average or usual.

- I often think about those less fortunate than me.

- Other amenities, less commonly available, include a library and exercise room.

- Poverty is less of a problem now than it used to be.

ADV-COMPAR: ADV adj/adv, ADV of a n
≠ more

6. less
If you say that something is less one thing than another, you mean that it is like the second thing rather than the first.

- At first sight it looked less like a capital city than a mining camp.

- Trades union leadership in those days was less a career than a vocation.

ADV-COMPAR: ADV group than group/cl

7. less
If you do something less than before or less than someone else, you do it to a smaller extent or not as often.

- We are eating more and exercising less.

- I see less of any of my friends than I used to.

ADV-COMPAR: ADV with v
≠ more

8. less
You use the expressions still less , much less , and even less after a negative statement in order to introduce and emphasize a further statement, and to make it negative too. (FORMAL)

- I never talked about it, still less about her.

- The boy didn't have a girlfriend, much less a wife.

PHR-CONJ-COORD emphasis

9. less
When you are referring to amounts, you use less in front of a number or quantity to indicate that it is to be subtracted from another number or quantity already mentioned.

- ...Boyton Financial Services Fees: £750, less £400...

- Company car drivers will pay between ten and twenty five percent, less tax.

PREP
= minus ≠ plus

10. less
You use less and less to say that something is becoming smaller all the time in degree or amount.

- The couple seem to spend less and less time together.

- She sounded less and less eager to return to Ireland.

- Many basic goods are now rationed. Less and less is available.

PHR: usu PHR group/cl, PHR with v
≠ more and more

11. less
You use less than to say that something does not have a particular quality. For example, if you describe something as less than perfect, you mean that it is not perfect at all.

- Her greeting was less than enthusiastic.

- Her advice has frequently been less than wholly helpful.

PHR: PHR adj/adv emphasis
≠ more than

12. less
You can use no less as a way of expressing surprise or admiration at the importance of something or someone.

- He had returned to England in an aircraft carrier no less.

- Who wrote the screenplay from Patricia Highsmith's book? Raymond Chandler, no less.

PHR: cl/group PHR emphasis

13. less
You use no less than before an amount to indicate that the amount is larger than you expected.

- No less than 35 per cent of the country is protected in the form of parks and nature sanctuaries.

- He is lined up for no less than four US television interviews.

PHR: PHR amount emphasis
= as many as

less

adjective

1.

smaller

shorter

preposition

2.

minus

excepting

lacking

subtracting

without

-less

-less
-less is added to nouns in order to form adjectives that indicate that someone or something does not have the thing that the noun refers to.

- ...drink and talk and meaningless laughter...

- He is not as friendless as he appeared to be.

SUFFIX
≠ -full

lessee

[D.J.:leˈsi:]

[K.K.:lɛˈsi]

n.

承租人,租户

lessee

lessee lessees
A lessee is a person who has taken out a lease on something such as a house or piece of land. (LEGAL)
N-COUNT

lessen

[D.J.:ˈlesən]

[K.K.:ˈlɛsən]

vi.

变少

vt.

减少(某事物)

lessened

adj.

减少的,减弱的

lessening

[ˈlesniŋ]

n.

减轻,减少,变小

lessen *

1. lessen lessens lessening lessened
If something lessens or you lessen it, it becomes smaller in size, amount, degree, or importance.

- He is used to a lot of attention from his wife, which will inevitably lessen when the baby is born.

- Make sure that your immunisations are up to date to lessen the risk of serious illness.

V-ERG
≠ increase

2. lessening

- ...increased trade and a lessening of tension on the border.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of/in n

lessen

verb

reduce

contract

decrease

diminish

ease

lower

minimize

narrow

shrink

lesser

[D.J.:ˈlesə]

[K.K.:ˈlɛsɚ]

adj.

较小的,较少的,次要的

the lesser of two evils; the lesser evil

两害相权之轻者

lesser **

1. lesser
You use lesser in order to indicate that something is smaller in extent, degree, or amount than another thing that has been mentioned.

- No medication works in isolation but is affected to a greater or lesser extent by many other factors.

- The more obvious potential allies are Ireland, Denmark and, to a lesser degree, the Netherlands.

ADJ-COMPAR: ADJ n, the ADJ of n
≠ greater

2. lesser
Also an adverb.

- ...lesser known works by famous artists.

ADV-COMPAR: ADV -ed

3. lesser
You can use lesser to refer to something or someone that is less important than other things or people of the same type.

- They pleaded guilty to lesser charges of criminal damage.

- He was feared by other, lesser, men.

ADJ-COMPAR: ADJ n, the ADJ of n

4. lesser
Lesser is used in the names of some species of birds, animals, and plants.

- ...the lesser spotted woodpecker.

N-IN-NAMES

lesser

adjective

minor

inferior

less important

lower

secondary

lesson

[D.J.:ˈlesən]

[K.K.:ˈlɛsən]

n.

功课, 课

一堂课, 一节课

课程

教训, 经验; 榜样

lesson ***

1. lesson lessons
A lesson is a fixed period of time when people are taught about a particular subject or taught how to do something.

- It would be his last French lesson for months.

- Johanna took piano lessons.

N-COUNT

2. lesson lessons
If you say that you are going to teach someone a lesson , you mean that you are going to punish them for something that they have done so that they do not do it again.

- There's still one lesson to be learned from the crisis -- we all need to better understand the thinking of the other side.

PHR: V inflects

3. lesson lessons
In a church service, the lesson is a short piece of text which is read aloud from the bible.

- The Rev. Nicola Judd read the lesson.

N-COUNT: usu sing

lesson

noun

1.

class

coaching

instruction

period

schooling

teaching

tutoring

2.

example

deterrent

message

moral

lessor

[D.J.:leˈsɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈlɛsˌɔr, lɛˈsɔr]

n.

出租人

lessor

lessor lessors
A lessor is a person who owns something such as a house or piece of land and leases it to someone else. (LEGAL)
N-COUNT

lest

[D.J.:lest]

[K.K.:lɛst]

conj.

惟恐

免得

lest *

lest
If you do something lest something unpleasant should happen, you do it to try to prevent the unpleasant thing from happening. (FORMAL)

- I was afraid to open the door lest he should follow me.

- The president has gone along with the hardliners lest they be tempted to oust him.

- And, lest we forget, Einstein wrote his most influential papers while working as a clerk.

CONJ-SUBORD
= in case

let

[D.J.:let]

[K.K.:lɛt]

vt.

让, 使

放掉, 松掉

vt. & vi.

出租

letting

[ˈletiŋ]

n.

出租

let *****

1. let lets letting
If you let something happen, you allow it to happen without doing anything to stop or prevent it.

- People said we were interfering with nature, and that we should just let the animals die.

- Thorne let him talk.

- She let the door slam.

- I can't let myself be distracted by those things.

VB The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. let lets letting
If you let someone do something, you give them your permission to do it.

- I love sweets but Mum doesn't let me have them very often.

- The Americans won't let her leave the country.

- Visa or no visa, they won't let you into the country.

VB The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

3. let lets letting
If you let someone into, out of, or through a place, you allow them to enter, leave, or go through it, for example by opening a door or making room for them.

- I had to get up at seven o'clock this morning to let them into the building because they had lost their keys.

- I let myself into the flat.

- I'd better go and let the dog out.

- The guards were removing a section of fencing to let it through.

VB The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

4. let lets letting
You use let me when you are introducing something you want to say.

- Let me say it again. I despised Wade's life.

- Let me tell you what I saw last night.

- Let me explain why.

- Let me give you one quick example.

VB: only imper The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

5. let lets letting
You use let me when you are offering politely to do something.

- Let me take your coat.

- Let me get you something to drink.

VB: only imper The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle politeness

6. let lets letting
You say let's or, in more formal English, let us , to direct the attention of the people you are talking to towards the subject that you want to consider next.

- Let's consider ways of making it easier.

- Let us look at these views in more detail.

VB: only imper The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

7. let lets letting
You say let's or, in formal English, let us , when you are making a suggestion that involves both you and the person you are talking to, or when you are agreeing to a suggestion of this kind.

- I'm bored. Let's go home.

- `Shall we go in and have some supper?' --- `Yes, let's.'

VB: only imper The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

8. let lets letting
Someone in authority, such as a teacher, can use let's or, in more formal English, let us , in order to give a polite instruction to another person or group of people.

- Let's have some hush, please.

- `Let us pray,' said the Methodist chaplain.

VB: only imper The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle politeness

9. let lets letting
People often use let in expressions such as let me see or let me think when they are hesitating or thinking of what to say next.

- Now, let's see. Where did I leave my bag?.

- `How long you been living together then?' --- `Erm, let me think. It's about four years now.'

VB The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle vagueness

10. let lets letting
You can use let to say that you do not care if someone does something, although you think it is unpleasant or wrong.

- If he wants to do that, let him do it.

- Let them talk about me; I'll be dead, anyway.

- `She'll kill you.' --- `Let her try.'

VB: only imper The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

11. let lets letting
You can use let when you are saying what you think someone should do, usually when they are behaving in a way that you think is unreasonable or wrong.

- Let him get his own cup of tea.

- If they value these data, let them pay for them.

VB: only imper The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

12. let lets letting
You can use let when you are praying or hoping very much that something will happen.

- Please God, let him telephone me.

VB: only imper The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

13. let lets letting
You can use let to introduce an assumption on which you are going to base a theory, calculation, or story.

- Let us assume that two golfers, Golfer A and Golfer B, are in contention for a club championship.

- The new man in my life (let's call him Dave) had a very jealous ex-girlfriend.

VB: only imper The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

14. let lets letting
If you let your house or land to someone, you allow them to use it in exchange for money that they pay you regularly. (mainly BRIT; in AM use rent )

- She is thinking of letting her house to an American serviceman.

- The reasons for letting a house, or part of one, are varied.

VB The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= rent

15. let out lets out; letting out
Let out means the same as let .

- I couldn't sell the London flat, so I let it out to pay the mortgage.

- Home owners who have extra space available may want to let out a room.

PHR-V The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= rent out

16. let lets
In tennis or badminton, if you serve a let , the ball or shuttlecock touches the net but lands in the correct part of the court. You then serve again.
N-COUNT The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

17. let
Let alone is used after a statement, usually a negative one, to indicate that the statement is even more true of the person, thing, or situation that you are going to mention next.

- It is incredible that the 12-year-old managed to even reach the pedals, let alone drive the car.

PHR-CONJ-COORD The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle emphasis
= never mind

18. let
To let someone be means to leave them alone and not interfere in what they are doing.

- If your child is really sick and needs sleep and quiet, let him be.

PHR: let inflects The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

19. let
If you let go of someone or something, you stop holding them.

- She let go of Mona's hand and took a sip of her drink.

- She held the photos with the determined grip of a small child and wouldn't let go.

PHR: let inflects, oft PHR of n The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

20. let
If you let go of a feeling, attitude, or the control that you have over something, you accept that you should give it up or that it should no longer influence you.

- In therapy, she began to let go of her obsession with Mike.

- The work should focus on helping parents to let go of their children.

PHR: let inflects, oft PHR of n The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

21. let
If you let someone or something go , you allow them to leave or escape.

- They held him for three hours and they let him go.

- I'm quite happy really to net a fish and then let it go.

PHR: let inflects The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

22. let
When someone leaves a job, either because they are told to or because they want to, the employer sometimes says that they are letting that person go .

- I've assured him I have no plans to let him go.

- Peterson was let go after less than two years.

PHR: let inflects The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

23. let
If someone says or does something that you think is annoying or stupid and you let it go , you do not react to it or say anything about it.

- Let it go, he thought. He didn't feel like arguing.

PHR: let inflects The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

24. let
If you let yourself go , you relax and behave much more freely than usual.

- Stop worrying about what you're feeling. Let yourself go.

PHR: let inflects The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

25. let
If someone lets themselves go , they pay less attention to themselves or their appearance than they used to, so that they look untidy or unattractive.

- If you have let yourself go, you should consider doing something about it for the sake of your health.

PHR: let inflects The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

26. let
If you say that you did not know what you were letting yourself in for when you decided to do something, you mean you did not realize how difficult, unpleasant, or expensive it was going to be.

- He got the impression that Miss Hawes had no idea of what she was letting herself in for.

- I realized I'd let myself in for something from which there was no turning back.

PHR: V inflects, usu with brd-neg, PHR n The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

27. let
If you let someone know something, you tell them about it or make sure that they know about it.

- They want to let them know that they are safe.

- If you do want to go, please let me know.

PHR: let inflects, oft PHR that/wh, PHR n, PHR about n The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

28. let
If you let drop , let fall , or let slip information, you reveal it casually or by accident, during a conversation about something else.

- How could she know about that? He'd certainly never let drop any hint.

- He might have let something slip in a moment of weakness.

PHR: let inflects The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

29. let
If you say that someone has been let loose in a place or situation, you mean that they have been given complete freedom to do what they like in that place or situation, and you suggest that this may be risky.

- She has all the glee of a little girl let loose in a sweetie shop.

- Trainees go through a four-hour lesson before they are let loose on the controls.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR in/on n The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

30. let
If someone lets loose a sound or remark, they make it, often suddenly.

- He let loose a long, deep sigh.

- Hill let loose a torrent of abuse against those who prosecuted his case.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

let out *****

1. let out lets out; letting out
If something or someone lets water, air, or breath out , they allow it to flow out or escape.

- It lets sunlight in but doesn't let heat out.

- Meer let out his breath in a long sigh.

PHR-V The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. let out lets out; letting out
If you let out a particular sound, you make that sound. (WRITTEN)

- When she saw him, she let out a cry of horror.

PHR-V The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

let

verb

1.

allow

authorize

entitle

give permission

give the go-ahead

permit

sanction

tolerate

2.

lease

hire

rent

let

noun

hindrance

constraint

impediment

interference

obstacle

obstruction

prohibition

restriction

let out

verb

1.

emit

give vent to

produce

2.

release

discharge

free

let go

liberate

let down *****

1. let down lets down; letting down
If you let someone down , you disappoint them, by not doing something that you have said you will do or that they expected you to do.

- Don't worry, Xiao, I won't let you down.

- When such advisers fail in their duty, they let down the whole system.

PHR-V The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. let down

- The company now has a large number of workers who feel badly let down.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

3. let down lets down; letting down
If something lets you down , it is the reason you are not as successful as you could have been.

- Many believe it was his shyness and insecurity which let him down.

- Sadly, the film is let down by an excessively simple plot.

PHR-V The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

4. let down lets down; letting down
If you let down something such as a tyre, you allow air to escape from it. (mainly BRIT)

- I let the tyres down on his car.

- Remove wheelnuts, let down tyre, put on spare.

PHR-V The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= deflate

let down

verb

disappoint

disenchant

disillusion

dissatisfy

fail

fall short

leave in the lurch

leave stranded

let in *****

let in lets in; letting in
If an object lets in something such as air, light, or water, it allows air, light, or water to get into it, for example because the object has a hole in it.

- ...balconies shaded with lattice-work which lets in air but not light.

PHR-V The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

let in on *****

let in lets in; letting in
If you let someone in on something that is a secret from most people, you allow them to know about it.

- I'm going to let you in on a little secret.

- He has not yet been let in on the bad news.

PHR-V The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

let into *****

let into lets into; letting into
If you let someone into a secret, you allow them to know it.

- I'll let you into a little showbiz secret.

PHR-V The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

let off *****

1. let off lets off; letting off
If someone in authority lets you off a task or duty, they give you permission not to do it. (mainly BRIT)

- The theatre management kindly let me off a couple of performances to go to Yorkshire.

- I realised that having a new baby lets you off going to boring dinner-parties.

PHR-V The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. let off lets off; letting off
If you let someone off , you give them a lighter punishment than they expect or no punishment at all.

- Because he was a Christian, the judge let him off.

- When police realised who he was, they asked for an autograph and let him off with a warning.

PHR-V The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

3. let off lets off; letting off
If you let off an explosive or a gun, you explode or fire it.

- A resident of his neighbourhood had let off fireworks to celebrate the Revolution.

PHR-V The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

let off

verb

1.

fire

detonate

discharge

explode

2.

emit

exude

give off

leak

release

3.

excuse

absolve

discharge

exempt

exonerate

forgive

pardon

release

spare

let on *****

let on lets on; letting on
If you do not let on that something is true, you do not tell anyone that it is true, and you keep it a secret. (INFORMAL)

- She never let on that anything was wrong.

- I didn't let on to the staff what my conversation was.

- He knows the culprit but is not letting on.

PHR-V: usu with brd-neg The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

let on

verb

reveal

admit

disclose

divulge

give away

let the cat out of the bag informal

make known

say

let up *****

1. let up lets up; letting up
If an unpleasant, continuous process lets up , it stops or becomes less intense.

- The traffic in this city never lets up, even at night.

- The rain had let up.

PHR-V: oft with brd-neg The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= ease off

See also let-up .

2. let up lets up; letting up
If you let up on someone or something, you stop being so harsh or strict with them.

- Though Sybbis complained bitterly, Mama would not let up on her.

- There were some moves to let up on this curfew a little bit.

PHR-V The form let is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= ease off

let up

verb

stop

abate

decrease

diminish

ease (up)

moderate

relax

slacken

subside

let-down

放乳

let-down

let-down let-downs
A let-down is a disappointment that you suffer, usually because something has not happened in the way in which you expected it to happen.

- The flat was really very nice, but compared with what we'd been used to, it was a terrible let-down.

- The sense of let-down today is all the greater because in the past doctors have been over-confident about these treatments.

N-VAR also letdown .
= disappointment

lethal

[D.J.:ˈli:θəl]

[K.K.:ˈliθəl]

adj.

致死的, 能致命的

破坏性的, 有害的

lethal **

1. lethal
A substance that is lethal can kill people or animals.

- ...a lethal dose of sleeping pills.

- ...chemicals lethal to fish and aquatic mammals.

ADJ-GRADED

2. lethal
If you describe something as lethal , you mean that it is capable of causing a lot of damage.

- High-powered cars are lethal weapons in the hands of inexperienced drivers.

- Shearer was the most lethal striker in British football.

ADJ-GRADED

lethal

adjective

deadly

dangerous

destructive

devastating

fatal

mortal

murderous

virulent

lethargic

[D.J.:leˈθɑ:dʒik]

[K.K.:ləˈθɑrdʒɪk]

adj.

昏睡的

没精打采的, 懒洋洋的

lethargic *

lethargic
If you are lethargic , you do not have much energy or enthusiasm.

- He felt too miserable and lethargic to get dressed.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ energetic

lethargic

adjective

sluggish

apathetic

drowsy

dull

languid

listless

sleepy

slothful

lethargy

[D.J.:ˈleθədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˈlɛθədʒi]

n.

昏睡

没精打采,懒洋洋

lethargy *

lethargy
Lethargy is the condition or state of being lethargic.

- Symptoms include tiredness, paleness, and lethargy.

- ...the lethargy that plagued this project from its outset.

N-UNCOUNT

lethargy

noun

sluggishness

apathy

drowsiness

inertia

languor

lassitude

listlessness

sleepiness

sloth

let's ****

let's
Let's is the usual spoken form of let us .

letter

[D.J.:ˈletə]

[K.K.:ˈlɛtɚ]

n.

信, 函件

字母

lettered

[D.J.:ˈletəd]

[K.K.:ˈlɛtəd]

adj.

精通文学的,有学问的,有文化修养的

lettering

[D.J.:ˈletərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɛtərɪŋ]

n.

(印刷或手写的)字体

letters

[ˈletəz]

n.

〈正〉文学(作品)

letter *****

1. letter letters
If you write a letter to someone, you write a message on paper and send it to them, usually by post.

- I had received a letter from a very close friend.

- ...a letter of resignation...

- Our long courtship had been conducted mostly by letter.

N-COUNT: also by N

2. letter letters
Letters are written symbols which represent one of the sounds in a language.

- ...the letters of the alphabet.

- ...the letter E.

N-COUNT

3. letter letters
If a university or college student earns a letter in sports or athletics, they are entitled to wear on their jacket the initial letter of the name of their university or college. (AM)

- Valerie earned letters in three sports: volleyball, basketball, and field hockey.

N-COUNT

4. letter lettering lettered
If a university or college student letters in sports or athletics, they are entitled to wear on their jacket the initial letter of the name of their university or college. (AM)

- Burkoth lettered in soccer.

VB

5. letter
If you say that someone keeps to the letter of the law , you mean that they act according to what is actually written in the law, rather than according to the general principles of it, especially when you disapprove of this.

- They had stuck to the letter of the law and in my view they should be ashamed.

PHR: prep PHR, PHR after v
≠ spirit of the law

6. letter
If you say that someone carries out instructions to the letter , you mean that they do exactly what they are told to do, paying great attention to every detail.

- She obeyed his instructions to the letter.

PHR: PHR after v

lettered

lettered
Something that is lettered is covered or decorated with letters or words.

- ...a crudely lettered cardboard sign.

ADJ

lettering

lettering
Lettering is writing, especially when you are describing the type of letters used.

- ...a small blue sign with white lettering.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

letter

noun

1.

character

sign

symbol

2.

message

communication

dispatch

epistle

line

missive

note

letter bomb

letter bomb letter bombs
A letter bomb is a small bomb which is disguised as a letter or parcel and sent to someone through the post. It is designed to explode when it is opened.
N-COUNT

letterbox

[D.J.:ˈletəˌbɔks]

[K.K.:ˈlɛtɚˌbɑks]

n.

邮筒;邮政信箱

letterbox

1. letterbox letterboxes
A letterbox is a rectangular hole in a door or a small box at the entrance to a building into which letters and small parcels are delivered. Compare post box . (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use mailbox )
N-COUNT also letter box .

2. letterbox
If something is displayed on a television or computer screen in letterbox format, it is displayed across the middle of the screen with dark bands at the top and bottom of the screen.
ADJ also letter box .

letterhead

[D.J.:ˈletəhed]

[K.K.:ˈlɛtɚˌhɛd]

n.

信笺上方的印刷文字,印有抬头的信笺

letterhead

letterhead letterheads
A letterhead is the name and address of a person, company, or organization which is printed at the top of their writing paper.

- Colleagues at work enjoy having a letterhead with their name at the top.

N-COUNT

lettuce

[D.J.:ˈletis]

[K.K.:ˈlɛtəs]

n.

莴苣, 生菜

生菜叶

lettuce *

lettuce lettuces
A lettuce is a plant with large green leaves that is the basic ingredient of many salads.
N-VAR

let-up

n.

停止;放松,减弱

let-up

let-up
If there is no let-up in something, usually something unpleasant, there is no reduction in the intensity of it.

- There was no let-up in the battle on the money markets yesterday.

- There were no signs of any let-up in job-shedding.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, usu with brd-neg

let-up

noun

lessening

break

breathing space

interval

lull

pause

remission

respite

slackening

leukaemia

[l j u:-ˈki:miə]

n.

〈医〉白血病

leukaemia *

leukaemia
Leukaemia is a disease of the blood in which the body produces too many white blood cells.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) leukemia

level

[D.J.:ˈlevl]

[K.K.:ˈlɛvəl]

n.

水平线, 水平面; 水平高度

数量, 强度

水平, 等级

adj.

平的, 水平的, 平坦的

同高度的; 同一程度的

vt.

使平(坦); 变平

使成平面; 变成平面

levelling

[ˈlevəliŋ]

n.

使成水平,测量高低

level *****

1. level levels
A level is a point on a scale, for example a scale of amount, quality, or difficulty.

- If you don't know your cholesterol level, it's a good idea to have it checked.

- Michael's roommate had been pleasant on a superficial level.

- We do have the lowest level of inflation for some years.

- The exercises are marked according to their level of difficulty.

N-COUNT: with supp (AM) leveling , leveled

2. level
The level of a river, lake, or ocean or the level of liquid in a container is the height of its surface.

- The water level of the Mississippi River is already 6.5 feet below normal.

- The gauge relies upon a sensor in the tank to relay the fuel level.

N-SING: the N (AM) leveling , leveled
See also sea level .

3. level
In cookery, a level spoonful of a substance such as flour or sugar is an amount that fills the spoon exactly, without going above the top edge.

- Stir in 1 level teaspoon of yeast.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) leveling , leveled
≠ heaped

4. level
If something is at a particular level , it is at that height.

- Liz sank down until the water came up to her chin and the bubbles were at eye level.

N-SING: usu supp N (AM) leveling , leveled

5. level
If one thing is level with another thing, it is at the same height as it.

- He leaned over the counter so his face was almost level with the boy's.

- Amy knelt down so that their eyes were level.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n (AM) leveling , leveled

6. level
When something is level , it is completely flat with no part higher than any other.

- The floor was level, but the ceiling sloped toward his head.

- ...a plateau of fairly level ground.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) leveling , leveled

7. level
If you draw level with someone or something, you get closer to them until you are by their side. (mainly BRIT)

- Just before we drew level with the gates, he slipped out of the jeep and disappeared into the crowd.

- When the car had pulled level with him, he had spoken into the lowered passenger window.

ADV: ADV after v (AM) leveling , leveled

8. level
Also an adjective.

- He waited until they were level with the door before he pivoted around sharply and punched Graham hard on the side of the head.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n (AM) leveling , leveled

9. level
If you draw level with someone, you manage to improve your performance until it is the same as theirs, by scoring the same number of points or goals as them.

- Napoli have drawn level with AC Milan at the top of the Italian league.

ADV: ADV after v (AM) leveling , leveled

10. level
Also an adjective.

- The teams were level at the end of extra time.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ (AM) leveling , leveled

11. level levels levelling levelled
In sport, if a player or team levels the score, they score a goal or win some points so that their team has the same number of points or goals as the opposing team.

- Iglesias scored twice to level the score.

- The Cincinnati Reds have levelled the score in the National League play-off against the Pittsburgh Pirates.

VB (AM) leveling , leveled

12. level
If you keep your voice level , you speak in a deliberately calm and unemotional way. (WRITTEN)

- He forced his voice to remain level.

- When Julie speaks of her disability, she talks in the same calm, level tones she uses to discuss her A level prospects.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) leveling , leveled

13. level levels levelling levelled
If someone or something such as a violent storm levels a building or area of land, they destroy it completely or make it completely flat.

- Further tremors could level more buildings.

- The storm was the most powerful to hit Hawaii this century. It leveled sugar plantations and destroyed homes.

VB (AM) leveling , leveled

14. level levels levelling levelled
If an accusation or criticism is levelled at someone, they are accused of doing wrong or they are criticized for something they have done.

- Allegations of corruption were levelled at him and his family.

- He leveled bitter criticism against the US.

VB (AM) leveling , leveled

15. level levels levelling levelled
If you level an object at someone or something, you lift it and point it in their direction.

- He said thousands of Koreans still levelled guns at one another along the demilitarised zone between them.

VB (AM) leveling , leveled

16. level levels levelling levelled
If you level with someone, you tell them the truth and do not keep anything secret. (INFORMAL)

- I'll level with you. I'm no great detective. I've no training or anything.

- He has leveled with the American people about his role in the affair.

VB (AM) leveling , leveled

17. level
If you say that you will do your level best to do something, you are emphasizing that you will try as hard as you can to do it, even if the situation makes it very difficult.

- The President told American troops that he would do his level best to bring them home soon.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to-inf (AM) leveling , leveled emphasis

18. level
If you say that someone or something is on the level , you mean that they are sincere or honest, and are not attempting to deceive people. (INFORMAL)

- There were probably moments when you wondered if anyone spoke the truth or was on the level.

PHR: v-link PHR (AM) leveling , leveled

level

adjective

1.

horizontal

flat

2.

even

consistent

plain

smooth

uniform

3.

equal

balanced

commensurate

comparable

equivalent

even

neck and neck

on a par

proportionate

verb

4.

flatten

even off or out

plane

smooth

5.

equalize

balance

even up

6.

raze

bulldoze

demolish

destroy

devastate

flatten

knock down

pull down

tear down

7.

direct

aim

focus

point

train

noun

8.

position

achievement

degree

grade

rank

stage

standard

standing

status

on the level

9.

honest

above board

fair

genuine

square

straight

level off, level out *****

1. level off levels off; levelling off; levelled off
If a changing number or amount levels off or levels out , it stops increasing or decreasing at such a fast speed.

- The figures show evidence that murders in the nation's capital are beginning to level off.

- Inflation is finally levelling out at around 11% a month.

PHR-V (AM) leveling , leveled

2. level off levels off; levelling off; levelled off
If an aircraft levels off or levels out , it travels horizontally after having been travelling in an upwards or downwards direction.

- The aircraft levelled out at about 30,000 feet.

PHR-V (AM) leveling , leveled

level crossing

level crossing level crossings
A level crossing is a place where a railway line crosses a road. (BRIT; in AM use grade crossing or railroad crossing )
N-COUNT

level-headed

[D.J.:ˈlevəlˌhedɪd]

[K.K.:ˈlɛvəlˌhɛdɪd]

adj.

稳健的;能识别的;冷静的;明智的

level-headed

level-headed
If you describe a person as level-headed , you mean that they are calm and sensible even in difficult situations.

- Simon is level-headed and practical.

- His level-headed approach suggests he will do what is necessary.

ADJ-GRADED
= sensible

level-headed

adjective Informal

steady

balanced

calm

collected

composed

cool

sensible

unflappable informal

leveller

[D.J.:ˈlevələ]

[K.K.:ˈlɛvəlɚ]

n.

使平者,校平机

leveller

leveller levellers
If you describe something as a leveller , you mean that it makes all people seem the same, in spite of their differences in, for example, age or social status.

- The computer is a leveller, making information available to everyone.

- Violence is a dangerous leveller.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft adj N (AM) leveler

level pegging

level pegging
If two opponents in a competition or contest are level pegging , they are equal with each other. (BRIT)

- An opinion poll published in May showed Mrs Yardley was level-pegging with Mr Simpson.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n also level-pegging .

lever

[D.J.:ˈli:və]

[K.K.:ˈlɛvɚ, ˈlivɚ]

n.

〈物〉杠杆

操作杆

vt.

(用杠杆)撬动

levers

杠杆系

lever *

1. lever levers
A lever is a handle or bar that is attached to a piece of machinery and which you push or pull in order to operate the machinery.

- Push the tiny lever on the lock and let the door lock itself.

- The taps have a lever to control the mix of hot and cold water.

N-COUNT
See also gear lever .

2. lever levers
A lever is a long bar, one end of which is placed under a heavy object so that when you press down on the other end you can move the object.
N-COUNT

3. lever levers levering levered
If you lever something in a particular direction, you move it there, especially by using a lot of effort.

- Neighbours eventually levered open the door with a crowbar.

- Insert the fork about 6in. from the root and simultaneously lever it backwards.

- Alex levered himself up from the sofa.

VB

4. lever
A lever is an idea or action that you can use to make people do what you want them to do, rather than what they want to do.

- Radical, militant factions want to continue using the hostages as a lever to gain concessions from the west.

N-COUNT

lever

noun

1.

handle

bar

verb

2.

prise

force

leverage

[D.J.:ˈli:vəridʒ]

[K.K.:ˈlɛvərɪdʒ, ˈlivə-]

n.

〈物〉杠杆作用, 杠杆的力量

力量, 影响

vt.

促使…改变

leverage **

1. leverage
Leverage is the ability to influence situations or people so that you can control what happens.

- His function as a Mayor affords him the leverage to get things done through attending committee meetings.

N-UNCOUNT

2. leverage
Leverage is the force that is applied to an object when something such as a lever is used.

- The spade and fork have longer shafts, providing better leverage.

N-UNCOUNT

3. leverage leverages leveraging leveraged
In business, to leverage a company or investment means to use borrowed money in order to buy it or pay for it. (TECHNICAL)

- He might feel that leveraging the company at a time when he sees tremendous growth opportunities would be a mistake.

VB

4. leveraged

- The committee voted to limit tax refunds for corporations involved in leveraged buyouts.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

leverage

noun

influence

authority

clout informal

pull informal

weight

leviathan

[D.J.:ləˈvaɪəθən]

[K.K.:ləˈvaɪəθən]

n.

<圣经>海中怪兽

庞然大物

adj.

极大的、强大的

leviathan

leviathan leviathans
A leviathan is something which is extremely large and difficult to control, and which you find rather frightening. (LITERARY)

- Democracy survived the Civil War and the developing industrial leviathan and struggled on into the twentieth century.

N-COUNT: usu sing

Levi's

[ˈli:vaiz]

n.

牛仔裤

Levi's

Levi's
Levi's are jeans. (TRADEMARK)
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N also Levis .

levitate

[D.J.:ˈlevɪˌteɪt]

[K.K.:ˈlɛvɪˌtet]

vt. & vi.

(使)升空,(使)漂浮

levitation

n.

升空,漂浮

levitating

漂起

levitation

[ˌleviˈteiʃən]

n.

轻轻浮起,升在空中

levitate *

1. levitate levitates levitating levitated
If someone or something levitates , they appear to rise and float in the air without any support from other people or objects.

- He has claimed he can levitate.

- Nina can, apparently, levitate a small ball between her hands.

VB

2. levitation

- ...such magical powers as levitation, prophecy, and healing.

N-UNCOUNT

levity

[D.J.:ˈlevɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈlɛvɪti]

n.

欠考虑,不慎重

轻率,轻浮

levity

levity
Levity is behaviour that shows a tendency to treat serious matters in a non-serious way. (LITERARY)

- At the time, Arnold had disapproved of such levity.

N-UNCOUNT
= frivolity

levity

noun

light-heartedness

facetiousness

flippancy

frivolity

silliness

skittishness

triviality

levy

[ˈlevi]

vt.

征收(税收等)

n.

征收; 征税

levy **

1. levy levies
A levy is a sum of money that you have to pay, for example as a tax to the government.

- ...an annual motorway levy on all drivers.

N-COUNT

2. levy levies levying levied
If a government or organization levies a tax or other sum of money, it demands it from people or organizations.

- They levied religious taxes on Christian commercial transactions.

- Taxes should not be levied without the authority of Parliament.

VB

levy

verb

1.

impose

charge

collect

demand

exact

2.

conscript

call up

mobilize

muster

raise

noun

3.

imposition

assessment

collection

exaction

gathering

4.

tax

duty

excise

fee

tariff

toll

lewd

[D.J.:lu:d]

[K.K.:lud]

adj.

好色的,淫荡的,下流的

lewdness

n.

淫荡,邪恶

lewd

1. lewd
If you describe someone's behaviour as lewd , you are critical of it because it is sexual in a rude and unpleasant way.

- Drew spends all day eyeing up the women and making lewd comments.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. lewdness

- The critics condemned the play for lewdness.

N-UNCOUNT

lewd

adjective

indecent

bawdy

lascivious

libidinous

licentious

lustful

obscene

pornographic

smutty

wanton

lewdness

noun

indecency

bawdiness

carnality

debauchery

depravity

lasciviousness

lechery

licentiousness

obscenity

pornography

wantonness

lexical

[D.J.:ˈleksɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈlɛksɪkəl]

adj.

词汇的

具词典性质的,词典的

lexical

lexical
Lexical means relating to the words of a language.

- We chose a few of the commonest lexical items in the languages.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

lexicographer

[D.J.:ˌleksɪˈkɔgrəfə]

[K.K.:ˌlɛksɪˈkɑɡrəfɚ]

n.

词典编纂者

lexicography

[D.J.:ˌleksɪˈkɔgrəfi:]

[K.K.:ˌlɛksɪˈkɑɡrəfi]

n.

词典编纂

lexicographer

n.

lexicography

1. lexicography
Lexicography is the activity or profession of writing dictionaries.
N-UNCOUNT

2. lexicographer lexicographers

- A lexicographer's job is to describe the language.

N-COUNT

lexicon

[D.J.:ˈleksɪˌkɔn]

[K.K.:ˈlɛksɪˌkɑn]

n.

词典

专门词汇

lexicon

1. lexicon
The lexicon of a particular subject is all the terms associated with it. The lexicon of a person or group is all the words they commonly use.

- ...the lexicon of management...

- Chocolate equals sin in most people's lexicon.

N-SING: with supp

2. lexicon lexicons
A lexicon is an alphabetical list of the words in a language or the words associated with a particular subject.
N-COUNT

3. lexicon lexicons
A lexicon is a dictionary, especially of a very old language such as Greek or Hebrew. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

lexis

[D.J.:ˈleksəs]

[K.K.:ˈlɛksɪs]

n.

词,词汇

lexis

lexis
In linguistics, the words of a language can be referred to as the lexis of that language. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= vocabulary

liabilities

债务,负债

liability

[D.J.:ˌlaiəˈbiliti]

[K.K.:ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti]

n.

责任, 义务; 倾向

债务

〈口〉妨碍, 不利

liable

[D.J.:ˈlaiəbl]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪəbəl]

adj.

有法律责任的, 有义务的

易患…的, 易受…之害的

有做某事的倾向

liability **

1. liability liabilities
If you say that someone or something is a liability , you mean that they cause a lot of problems or embarrassment.

- As the president's prestige continues to fall, they're clearly beginning to consider him a liability

- ... what was once a vote catching policy, is now a political liability.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. liability liabilities
A company or organization's liabilities are the sums of money which it owes. (TECHNICAL or LEGAL)

- The company had assets of $138 million and liabilities of $120.5 million.

N-COUNT: usu pl
≠ asset

liable **

1. liable
When something is liable to happen, it is very likely to happen.

- Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others.

PHR-MODAL
= be likely to

2. liable
If people or things are liable to something unpleasant, they are likely to experience it or do it.

- She will grow into a woman particularly liable to depression.

- Steroids are used to reduce the inflammation, which makes the muscles of the airways liable to constriction.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n
= prone

3. liable
If you are liable for something such as a debt, you are legally responsible for it.

- The airline's insurer is liable for damages to the victims' families.

- As the killings took place outside British jurisdiction, the Ministry of Defence could not be held liable.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ for n

4. liability

- He is claiming damages from London Underground, which has admitted liability but dispute the amount of his claim.

N-UNCOUNT

liability

noun

1.

responsibility

accountability

answerability

culpability

2.

debt

debit

obligation

3.

disadvantage

burden

drawback

encumbrance

handicap

hindrance

inconvenience

millstone

nuisance

liable

adjective

1.

responsible

accountable

answerable

obligated

2.

vulnerable

exposed

open

subject

susceptible

3.

likely

apt

disposed

inclined

prone

tending

liaise

[D.J.:li:ˈeɪz]

[K.K.:liˈez]

vi.

做联络人;联络

liaise *

liaise liaises liaising liaised
When organizations or people liaise , or when one organization liaises with another, they work together and keep each other informed about what is happening.

- Detectives are liaising with Derbyshire police following the bomb explosion early today.

- The three groups will all liaise with each other to help the child.

- Social services and health workers liaise closely.

V-RECIP

liaise

verb

link

communicate

keep contact

mediate

liaison

[D.J.:ˈli:eɪˌzɔn, li:ˈeɪ-]

[K.K.:ˈlieˌzɑn, liˈe-]

n.

组织单位间的交流与合作

联络人

私通

liaison *

1. liaison
Liaison is co-operation and the exchange of information between different organizations or between different sections of an organization.

- Liaison between police forces and the art world is vital to combat art crime.

- ...those who work in close liaison with alcoholics.

N-UNCOUNT

2. liaison
If someone acts as liaison between two or more groups, their job is to encourage co-operation and the exchange of information between those groups.

- I have a professor on my staff here as liaison with our higher education institutions.

- She acts as a liaison between patients and staff.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft N with n

3. liaison liaisons
You can refer to a sexual or romantic relationship between two people as a liaison .

- She embarked on a series of sexual liaisons with society figures.

N-COUNT
= affair

liaison

noun

1.

communication

connection

contact

hook-up

interchange

2.

affair

amour

entanglement

intrigue

love affair

romance

liar

[D.J.:ˈlaɪə]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪɚ]

n.

说谎者

liar *

liar liars
If you say that someone is a liar , you mean that they tell lies.

- He was a liar and a cheat.

- `She seems at times an accomplished liar,' he said.

N-COUNT

liar

noun

falsifier

fabricator

fibber

perjurer

lib

[D.J.:lib]

[K.K.:lɪb]

n.

解放

lib *

lib
Lib is used in the names of some movements that are concerned with achieving social and legal freedom for particular groups in society. Lib is an abbreviation for `liberation'.

- ...Women's Lib.

N-UNCOUNT
See also ad-lib .

libation

[D.J.:laɪˈbeɪʃən]

[K.K.:laɪˈbeʃən]

n.

奠酒;祭奠用的酒;饮酒, 酒

libation

libation libations
In ancient Greece and Rome, a libation was an alcoholic drink that was offered to the gods. (LITERARY)

- At the shrine of the god there were offerings, libations and incense.

N-COUNT

Lib Dem *

Lib Dem
In Britain, you can refer to the Liberal Democrat Party or its members as the Lib Dems .

- Three published polls all revealed the Lib Dems gaining ground at the Tories' expense.

- ...Lib-Dem councillors.

N-PROPER: the N, N n

libel

[D.J.:ˈlaɪbəl]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪbəl]

n.

诽谤性文字;发表诽谤性文字;有损某人〔某物〕名誉的事物

vt.

<律>(发表文字等)诽谤,中伤

libel **

1. libel libels
Libel is a written statement which wrongly accuses someone of something, and which is therefore against the law. Compare slander . (LEGAL)

- Warren sued him for libel over the remarks.

- If the jury decided there was a libel, it would have to consider its effect on Miss Smith's position.

- ...a libel action against the paper.

N-VAR

2. libel libels libelling libelled
To libel someone means to write or print something in a book, newspaper, or magazine which wrongly damages that person's reputation and is therefore against the law. (LEGAL)

- The newspaper which libelled him had already offered compensation.

VB (AM) libeling , libeled

libel

noun

1.

defamation

aspersion

calumny

denigration

smear

verb

2.

defame

blacken

malign

revile

slur

smear

vilify

libellous

[D.J.:ˈlaɪbɵləs]

adj.

诽谤(性)的,中伤的

libellous

libellous
If a statement in a book, newspaper, or magazine is libellous , it wrongly accuses someone of something, and is therefore against the law.

- He claimed the articles were libellous and damaging to the interests of the team.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) libelous

libellous

adjective

defamatory

derogatory

false

injurious

malicious

scurrilous

untrue

liberal

[D.J.:ˈlibərəl]

[K.K.:ˈlɪbərəl, ˈlɪbrəl]

n.

宽容大度的人

自由主义者

adj.

心胸宽阔的, 无偏见的

慷慨的, 大方的

开放的; 主张变革的

自由的, 不拘一格的

liberally

[ˈlibərəli]

adv.

不受限制地,公平地,大方地

liberal ****

1. liberal
Someone who has liberal views believes people should have a lot of freedom in deciding how to behave and think.

- She is known to have liberal views on divorce and contraception.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. liberal liberals
Also a noun.

- ...a nation of free-thinking liberals.

N-COUNT

3. liberal
A liberal system allows people or organizations a lot of political or economic freedom.

- ...a liberal democracy with a multiparty political system...

- They favour liberal free-market policies.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. liberal liberals
Also a noun.

- These kinds of price controls go against all the financial principles of the free market liberals.

N-COUNT

5. liberal
A Liberal politician or voter is a member of a Liberal Party or votes for a Liberal Party.

- The Liberal leader has announced his party's withdrawal from the ruling coalition.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. liberal liberals
Also a noun.

- The Liberals hold twenty-three seats in parliament.

N-COUNT

7. liberal
Liberal means giving, using, or taking a lot of something, or existing in large quantities.

- As always he is liberal with his jokes.

- She made liberal use of her elder sister's make-up and clothes.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n
= generous

8. liberally

- Chemical products were used liberally over agricultural land.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

liberal

adjective

1.

progressive

libertarian

radical

reformist

2.

generous

beneficent

bountiful

charitable

kind

open-handed

open-hearted

unstinting

3.

tolerant

broad-minded

indulgent

permissive

4.

abundant

ample

bountiful

copious

handsome

lavish

munificent

plentiful

profuse

rich

liberal arts

liberal arts
At a university or college, liberal arts courses are on subjects such as history or literature rather than science, law, medicine, or business. (AM)

- There has been a decline in enrollment in liberal arts courses in favor of highly specialized training for high-paying careers, mostly in business.

N-PLURAL

Liberal Democrat **

Liberal Democrat
In Britain, a Liberal Democrat is a member of the Liberal Democrat Party.
N-PROPER

Liberal Democrat Party

Liberal Democrat Party
The Liberal Democrat Party is the third largest political party in Britain and the main centre party. It believes in improving the constitution and the voting system.
N-PROPER: the N, N n

liberalism

[D.J.:ˈlɪbərəˌlɪzəm, ˈlɪbrə-]

[K.K.:ˈlɪbərəˌlɪzəm, ˈlɪbrə-]

n.

自由主义

liberalism *

1. liberalism
Liberalism is a belief in gradual social progress by changing laws, rather than by revolution.

- ...a democrat who has decided that economic liberalism is the best way to secure change.

- ...the tradition of nineteenth-century liberalism.

N-UNCOUNT

2. liberalism
Liberalism is the belief that people should have a lot of political and individual freedom.

- He was concerned over growing liberalism in the Church.

N-UNCOUNT

liberalization

[ˌlibərəlaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

自由主义化,使宽大

liberalize

[D.J.:ˈlibərəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈlɪbərəˌlaɪz, ˈlɪbrə-]

vt.

使自由化

liberalize **

1. liberalize liberalizes liberalizing liberalized
When a country or government liberalizes , or liberalizes its laws or its attitudes, it becomes less strict and allows people more freedom in their actions.

- ...authoritarian states that have only now begun to liberalise.

- ...the decision to liberalize travel restrictions.

VB (BRIT) also liberalise

2. liberalization

- ...the liberalization of divorce laws in the late 1960s.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= relaxation

liberalize

verb

relax

ease

loosen

moderate

modify

slacken

soften

Liberal Party *

Liberal Party
In Britain, the Liberal Party was a political party which believed in limited controls on industry, the providing of welfare services, and more local government and individual freedom. Liberal Party is also used to refer to similar parties in some other countries.
N-PROPER: the N, N n

liberate

[D.J.:ˈlibəreit]

[K.K.:ˈlɪbəˌret]

vt.

解放, 释放

liberated

[D.J.:ˈlɪbəreɪtɪd]

adj.

被解放的；思想解放的

(在社交和性关系上)无拘束的，放纵的

liberation

[D.J.:ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌlɪbəˈreʃən]

n.

解放

liberate ***

1. liberate liberates liberating liberated
To liberate a place or the people in it means to free them from the political or military control of another country, area, or group of people.

- They planned to march on and liberate the city.

- They made a triumphal march into their liberated city.

VB

2. liberation

- ...a mass liberation movement.

N-UNCOUNT

3. liberate liberates liberating liberated
To liberate someone from something means to help them escape from it or overcome it, and lead a better way of life.

- He asked how committed the leadership was to liberating its people from poverty.

VB
= free

4. liberating

- If you have the chance to spill your problems out to a therapist it can be a very liberating experience.

ADJ-GRADED

5. liberation

- ...the women's liberation movement.

N-UNCOUNT

6. liberate liberates liberating liberated
To liberate a prisoner means to set them free.

- The government is devising a plan to liberate prisoners held in detention camps.

VB

liberated

liberated
If you describe someone as liberated , you mean that they do not accept their society's traditional values or restrictions on behaviour.

- She was determined that she would become a liberated businesswoman.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= emancipated

liberate

verb

free

deliver

emancipate

let loose

let out

release

rescue

set free

liberation

noun

deliverance

emancipation

freedom

freeing

liberty

release

liberation theology

liberation theology
Liberation theology is the belief that the Christian Church should be actively involved in politics in order to bring about social change.
N-UNCOUNT

liberator

[D.J.:ˈlɪbəreɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈlɪbəˌretɚ]

n.

(民族)解放者,解救者

liberator

liberator liberators
A liberator is someone who sets people free from a system, situation, or set of ideas that restricts them in some way. (FORMAL)

- We were the people's liberators from the Bolsheviks.

N-COUNT

liberator

noun

deliverer

emancipator

freer

redeemer

rescuer

saviour

Liberian

[laiˈbiəriən]

n.,adj.

利比里亚人(的)

Liberian ***

1. Liberian
Liberian means belonging or relating to Liberia, its people, or its culture.
ADJ

2. Liberian Liberians
A Liberian is a person who comes from Liberia, or a person of Liberian origin.
N-COUNT

libertarian

[D.J.:ˌlibəˈtɛəriən]

[K.K.:ˌlɪbɚˈtɛriən]

n.

(思想或行动等的)自由论者

libertarian *

1. libertarian
If someone is libertarian or has libertarian attitudes, they believe in or support the idea that people should be free to think and behave in the way that they want. (FORMAL)

- ...the libertarian argument that people should be allowed to choose...

- The town's political climate was libertarian.

ADJ
= liberal

2. libertarian libertarians
A libertarian is someone who with libertarian views.

- Libertarians argue that nothing should be censored.

N-COUNT
= liberal

libertine

[D.J.:ˈlɪbəˌti:n]

[K.K.:ˈlɪbɚˌtin]

n.

放荡不羁的人,淫荡的人

adj.

放荡的; 自由思想的

libertine

libertine libertines
If you refer to someone as a libertine , you mean that they are sexually immoral and do not care about the effect their behaviour has on other people. (LITERARY)

- ...a self-confessed coward, libertine, and scoundrel.

N-COUNT disapproval

libertine

noun

reprobate

debauchee

lecher

profligate

rake

rou´e

sensualist

voluptuary

womanizer

liberty

[D.J.:ˈlibəti]

[K.K.:ˈlɪbəti]

n.

自由, 自主

〈正式〉许可权

liberty ***

1. liberty liberties
Liberty is the freedom to live your life in the way that you want, without interference from other people or the authorities.

- ...the ideal of equality and the appreciation of liberty...

- Such a system would be a fundamental blow to the rights and liberties of the English people.

N-VAR
= freedom

See also civil liberties .

2. liberty
Liberty is the freedom to go wherever you want, which you lose when you are a prisoner.

- Why not say that three convictions before court for stealing cars means three months' loss of liberty.

- There is no formal confirmation so far that he is at liberty.

N-UNCOUNT: oft at N

3. liberty
If someone is at liberty to do something, they have been given permission to do it.

- The island's in the Pacific Ocean; I'm not at liberty to say exactly where, because we're still negotiating for its purchase.

PHR: PHR to-inf, usu v-link PHR
= able

4. liberty
If you say that you have taken the liberty of doing something, you are saying that you have done it without asking permission. People say this when they do not think that anyone will mind what they have done.

- I took the liberty of going into Assunta's wardrobe, as it was open; I was looking for a towel.

PHR: V inflects, PHR -ing politeness

5. liberty
If you take liberties or take a liberty with someone or something, you act in a way that is too free and does not show enough respect.

- You had to try and retain the excitement of the event in your writing, without taking liberties with the truth.

- She knew she was taking a big liberty in developing Mick's photos without his knowledge.

PHR: V and N inflect, oft PHR with n

liberty

noun

1.

freedom

autonomy

emancipation

immunity

independence

liberation

release

self-determination

sovereignty

2.

impertinence

impropriety

impudence

insolence

presumption

at liberty

3.

free

on the loose

unrestricted

libidinous

[D.J.:lɪˈbɪdnəs]

[K.K.:lɪˈbɪdnəs]

adj.

好色的

libidinous

libidinous
People who are libidinous have strong sexual feelings and express them in their behaviour. (LITERARY)

- Powell let his libidinous imagination run away with him.

ADJ-GRADED
= lustful

libidinous

adjective

lustful

carnal

debauched

lascivious

lecherous

randy informal chiefly Brit.

sensual

wanton

libidinal

[liˈbidnəl]

adj.

性欲的

libido

[D.J.:lɪˈbi:dəʊ, -ˈbaɪ-]

[K.K.:lɪˈbido, -ˈbaɪ-]

n.

本能冲动,性欲

libidinal

adj.

libido

libido libidos
A person's libido is the part of their personality that is considered to cause their emotional, especially sexual, desires.

- A flagging libido and a drop in sexual performance are all part of the ageing process.

- Lack of sleep is a major factor in loss of libido.

N-VAR

Libra

[D.J.:ˈlaibrə]

[K.K.:ˈlibrə, ˈlaɪ-]

〈拉〉天秤座,天秤宫

Libra **

1. Libra
Libra is one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. Its symbol is a pair of scales. People who are born approximately between the 23rd of September and the 22nd of October come under this sign.
N-UNCOUNT

2. Libra Libras
A Libra is a person whose sign of the zodiac is Libra.
N-COUNT

librarian

[D.J.:laiˈbrɛəriən]

[K.K.:laɪˈbrɛriən]

n.

图书馆馆长; 图书馆管理员

librarian *

librarian librarians
A librarian is a person who is in charge of a library or who has been specially trained to work in a library.
N-COUNT

library

[D.J.:ˈlaibrəri]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪˌbrɛri]

n.

图书馆, 藏书室

藏书

library ***

1. library libraries
A public library is a building where things such as books, newspapers, videos, and music are kept for people to read, use, or borrow.

- ...the local library...

- She issued them library cards.

N-COUNT

2. library libraries
A private library is a collection of things such as books or music, that is normally only used with the permission of the owner.

- My thanks go to the British School of Osteopathy, for the use of their library.

N-COUNT

3. library libraries
In some large houses the library is the room where most of the books are kept.

- Guests were rarely entertained in the library.

N-COUNT

librettist

[D.J.:liˈbretist]

[K.K.:lɪˈbrɛtɪst]

n.

歌词作者,剧本作者

libretto

[D.J.:lɪˈbretəʊ]

[K.K.:lɪˈbrɛto]

n.

(歌剧等的)剧本

librettist

n.

librettist

librettist librettists
A librettist is a person who writes the words that are used in an opera or musical play.
N-COUNT

libretto

libretto librettos or libretti
The libretto of an opera is the words that are sung in it.

- ...the author of one or two opera librettos.

N-COUNT

Libyan

[ˈlibjən]

adj.

利比亚的,利比亚人的,代利比亚语的

n.

利比亚人,代利比亚语

Libyan ***

1. Libyan
Libyan means belonging or relating to Libya, or to its people or culture.

- ...the Libyan desert.

ADJ

2. Libyan Libyans
A Libyan is a Libyan citizen, or a person of Libyan origin.
N-COUNT

lice

[D.J.:laɪs]

[K.K.:laɪs]

(louse的复数)

louse

[D.J.:laʊs]

[K.K.:laʊs]

n.

虱

vt.

搞乱，弄坏

louse up

搞坏；弄糟；办砸

lice

lice
Lice is the plural of louse .

louse *

louse lice
Lice are small insects that live on the bodies of people or animals and bite them in order to drink their blood.
N-COUNT: usu pl

licence

[D.J.:ˈlaisəns]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪsəns]

n.

许可证, 执照

许可, 特许

放纵, 放肆

licence ***

1. licence licences
A licence is an official document which gives you permission to do, use, or own something.

- Smith, who did not have a licence, admitted driving without due care and attention.

- The painting was returned to Spain on a temporary import licence.

- It gained a licence to operate as a bank from the Bank of England in 1981.

N-COUNT (AM) license
= permit

2. licence
If you say that something gives someone licence or a licence to act in a particular way, you mean that it gives them an excuse to behave in an irresponsible or excessive way.

- The ANC claimed the curfew gave licence to the police to hunt people as if they were animals.

- `Dropping the charges has given racists a licence to kill,' said Jim's aunt.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, N to-inf (AM) license disapproval

3. licence
If you describe a commercial activity as a licence to print money , you mean that it allows people to gain a lot of money with little effort or responsibility.

- Running a television company may no longer be a licence to print money, but it is still highly rewarding.

PHR: v-link PHR (AM) license disapproval

4. licence
If someone does something under licence , they do it by special permission from a government or other authority.

- ...a company which made the Mig-21 jet fighter under licence from Russia.

PHR: PHR after v (AM) license

licence

noun

1.

certificate

charter

permit

warrant

2.

permission

authority

authorization

blank cheque

carte blanche

dispensation

entitlement

exemption

immunity

leave

liberty

right

3.

latitude

freedom

independence

leeway

liberty

4.

laxity

excess

immoderation

indulgence

irresponsibility

license

[D.J.:ˈlaisəns]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪsəns]

vt.

批准, 许可, 颁发执照

licensed

[D.J.:ˈlaɪsnst]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪs n..st]

adj.

得到许可的

licensing

许可证发放

license **

license licenses licensing licensed
To license a person or activity means to give official permission for the person to do something or for the activity to take place.

- ...a proposal that would require the state to license guns...

- Under the agreement, the council can license a U.S. company to produce the drug.

VB

licensed *

1. licensed
If you are licensed to do something, you have official permission from the government or from the authorities to do it.

- There were about 250 people on board, about 100 more than the ferry was licensed to carry.

- ...a licensed doctor.

ADJ: oft ADJ to-inf

2. licensed
If something that you own or use is licensed , you have official permission to own it or use it.

- While searching the house they discovered an unlicensed shotgun and a licensed rifle.

ADJ

3. licensed
If a place such as a restaurant or hotel is licensed , it has been given a licence to sell alcoholic drinks. (BRIT)

- ...licensed premises...

- The restaurant is licensed, offering draught beers, wines, spirits and soft drinks.

ADJ

license

verb

permit

accredit

allow

authorize

certify

empower

sanction

warrant

licensee

[D.J.:ˌlaisənˈsi:]

[K.K.:ˌlaɪsənˈsi]

n.

执照持有者

licensee

1. licensee licensees
A licensee is a person or organization that has been given a licence. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. licensee licensees
A licensee is someone who has been given a licence to sell alcoholic drinks, for example in a pub. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

license number

license number license numbers
The license number of a car or other road vehicle is the series of letters and numbers that are shown at the front and back of it. (AM; in BRIT use registration number )
N-COUNT

license plate

license plate license plates
A license plate is a sign on the front and back of a vehicle that shows its license number. (AM; in BRIT use number plate )
N-COUNT

licensing laws

licensing laws
In Britain, licensing laws are the laws which control the selling of alcoholic drinks.
N-PLURAL

licentious

[D.J.:laɪˈsenʃəs]

[K.K.:laɪˈsɛnʃəs]

adj.

放荡的,淫乱的

licentious

1. licentious
If you describe a person as licentious , you mean that they are very immoral, especially in their sexual behaviour. (FORMAL)

- ...alarming stories of licentious behaviour.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. licentiousness

- ...moral licentiousness.

N-UNCOUNT

licentious

adjective

promiscuous

abandoned

debauched

dissolute

immoral

lascivious

lustful

sensual

wanton

lichen

[D.J.:ˈlaɪkən]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪkən]

n.

地衣

lichen *

lichen lichens
Lichen is a group of tiny plants that looks like moss and grows on the surface of things such as rocks, trees, and walls.
N-MASS

lick

[D.J.:lik]

[K.K.:lɪk]

vt.

舔

〈口〉打败

vt. & vi.

(波浪)轻拍; (火焰)吞卷

n.

舔

(油漆等)一刷之量

licking

[D.J.:ˈlikiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɪkɪŋ]

n.

舔,舔一舔,鞭打

adv.

猛烈地

lick *

1. lick licks licking licked
When people or animals lick something, they move their tongue across its surface.

- She folded up her letter, licking the envelope flap with relish.

- The dog rose awkwardly to his feet and licked the man's hand excitedly.

VB

2. lick licks
Also a noun.

- He wouldn't lend the lollipop he was licking. Kevin, who was a year older, wanted a lick.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. lick licks licking licked
If you lick someone or something, you easily defeat them in a fight or competition. (INFORMAL)

- He might be able to lick us all in a fair fight.

- The Chancellor's upbeat message that the Government had licked inflation for good was marred by more job losses.

VB
= beat

4. lick licks licking licked
When flames of a large fire lick somewhere or something, the fire begins to reach that place or thing and the flames touch it lightly and briefly. (LITERARY)

- The fire came roaring through the kitchen ceiling and sent its red tongues licking into the entrance hall.

- The apex of the flames licked the crimson sky.

VB

5. lick licks
A lick of something is a small amount of it. (INFORMAL)

- It could do with a lick of paint to brighten up its premises.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= spot

6. lick licks
A lick is a short piece of music which is part of a song and is played on a guitar. A lick is also a short section in a piece of jazz, which the musician invents while they are playing. (INFORMAL)

- ...the screeching licks of heavy metal guitar.

N-COUNT

licking

licking lickings
A licking is a severe defeat by someone in a fight, battle, or competition.

- They gave us a hell of a licking.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= thrashing

lick

verb

1.

taste

lap

tongue

2.

flicker

dart

flick

play over

ripple

touch

3.

beat

defeat

master

outdo

outstrip

overcome

rout

trounce

vanquish

noun

4.

dab

bit

stroke

touch

5.

pace

clip informal

rate

speed

licorice

[D.J.:ˈlikəris]

[K.K.:ˈlɪkərɪs, -ɪʃ]

n.

欧亚甘草,由欧亚甘草根熬成的精

licorice

licorice
Licorice is a firm black substance with a strong taste. It is used for making sweets.
N-UNCOUNT (BRIT) also liquorice

lid

[D.J.:lid]

[K.K.:lɪd]

n.

盖, 盖子

lid **

1. lid lids
A lid is the top of a box or other container which can be removed or raised when you want to open the container.
N-COUNT
= top

2. lid lids
Your lids are the pieces of skin which cover your eyes when you close them.

- A dull pain began to throb behind his lids.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= eyelid

3. lid
If you say that someone is keeping the lid on an activity or a piece of information, you mean that they are restricting the activity or are keeping the information secret. (INFORMAL)

- The soldiers' presence seemed to keep a lid on the violence.

- Their finance ministry is still trying to put a lid on the long-simmering securities scandal.

N-SING

4. lid
If you say that you want to keep a lid on the cost of doing something, you mean that you want to prevent it costing you more than you feel is reasonable.

- If our industry is to remain competitive it must mean keeping a lid on prices.

N-SING
= limit

lidded

[ˈlidid]

adj.

有盖子的;盖着盖子的;覆盖着的

lidded

1. lidded
Lidded is used to describe a container that has a lid.

- ...a lidded saucepan.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. lidded
When someone has lidded eyes, their eyelids are partly or fully closed. (LITERARY)

- Julie squinted at her through lidded eyes.

- My own eyes had felt heavy-lidded, but now I was wide awake.

ADJ

lido

[D.J.:ˈli:dəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈlido]

n.

露天游泳池,海滨浴场

lido

lido lidos
A lido is an outdoor swimming pool or a part of a beach which is used by the public for swimming or water sports. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

lie around ****

1. lie around lies around; lying around; lay around; lain around
If things are left lying around or lying about , they are not tidied away but left casually somewhere where they can be seen.

- People should be careful about their possessions and not leave them lying around.

- My dad had a couple of Bob Dylan and Beatles songbooks lying around the house.

PHR-V (BRIT) also lie about

2. lie around lies around; lying around; lay around; lain around
If you lie around or lie about , you spend your time relaxing and being lazy. (INFORMAL)

- I'll just lie around in the sun.

- On Sunday Cohen lay around the house all day.

PHR-V
= laze around

lie back ****

lie back lies back; lying back; lay back; lain back
If you lie back , you relax and lower yourself from a sitting position so that you are resting on your back.

- He lay back and closed his eyes.

PHR-V

lie behind ****

lie behind lies behind; lying behind; lay behind; lain behind
If you refer to what lies behind a situation or event, you are referring to the reason the situation exists or the event happened.

- It seems that what lay behind the clashes was disagreement over the list of candidates.

PHR-V

lie detector

lie detector lie detectors
A lie detector is an electronic machine used mainly by the police to find out whether a suspect is telling the truth.

- ...the results of a lie detector test which he said proved his client's innocence.

N-COUNT: oft N n
= polygraph

lie-down

[ˈlaidaun]

n.

〈口〉小睡,(在大街等处)卧地抗议示威

lie-down *

lie-down
If you have a lie-down , you have a short rest, usually in bed. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She had departed upstairs for a lie-down.

N-SING

lie-in

n.

懒觉,躺卧示威

lie-in *

lie-in lie-ins
If you have a lie-in , you rest by staying in bed later than usual in the morning. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I have a lie-in on Sundays.

N-COUNT: usu sing

lieu

[D.J.:lu:]

[K.K.:lu]

n.

代替

in lieu (of sth)

(以…)替代

lieu *

1. lieu
If you do, get, or give one thing in lieu of another, you do, get, or give it instead of the other thing, because the two things are considered to have the same value or importance. (FORMAL)

- He left what little furniture he owned to his landlord in lieu of rent.

PHR-PREP
= in place of

2. lieu
If you do, get, or give something in lieu , you do, get, or give it instead of something else, because the two things are considered to have the same value or importance. (mainly BRIT, FORMAL)

- ...an increased salary or time off in lieu.

PHR

Lieut

n.

陆军中尉,海军上尉,副职官员

Lieut.

Lieut.
Lieut. is a written abbreviation for lieutenant when it is a person's title.

- ...Lieut. J. J. Doughty.

= Lt

lieutenant

[D.J.:lefˈtenənt]

[K.K.:luˈtɛnənt]

n.

陆军中尉

海军上尉

副职官员

lieutenant **

1. lieutenant
A lieutenant is a person who holds a junior officer's rank in the army, navy, marines, or air force, or in the American police force.

- Lieutenant Campbell ordered the man at the wheel to steer for the gunboat.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

2. lieutenant
Also a combining form.

- ...Lieutenant Colonel Gale Carter.

COMB in N-TITLE

3. lieutenant lieutenants
If you refer to someone as a person's lieutenant , you mean they are that person's assistant, especially their main assistant, in an organization or activity.

- He was my right-hand man, my lieutenant on the field, a cool, calculated footballer.

N-COUNT: usu poss N
= second-in-command

lieutenant governor

1. lieutenant governor lieutenant governors
A lieutenant governor is an elected official who acts as the deputy of a state governor in the United States. (AM)
N-COUNT

2. lieutenant governor lieutenant governors
A lieutenant governor is an official elected by the Canadian government to act as a representative of the British king or queen in a province of Canada.
N-COUNT

life

[D.J.:laif]

[K.K.:laɪf]

n.

生命

生物

人生, 生存

生活

人命, 性命

一生, 终身, 终生

生活方式

live

[D.J.:liv]

[K.K.:lɪv]

vi.

活, 生存

居住; 住

继续存在, 留存

vt. & vi.

以某种方式生活

[laiv]

adj.

活的, 有生命的

真正的

燃烧着的

带电的

未爆炸的; 随时可用的

当前重要的

现场直播的, 实况转播的

adv.

实地, 现场地, 以直播方式

lived

adj.

有…之生命的

lives

[D.J.:laɪvz]

[K.K.:laɪvz]

n.

生命(life的复数)

living

[D.J.:ˈliviŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɪvɪŋ]

adj.

活(着)的

现存的, 在使用中的

逼真的, 生动的

n.

生计, 生存之道

生活方式

life *****

1. life
Life is the quality which people, animals, and plants have when they are not dead, and which objects and substances do not have.

- ...a baby's first minutes of life...

- Amnesty International opposes the death penalty as a violation of the right to life.

- ...the earth's supply of life-giving oxygen.

N-UNCOUNT

2. life
You can use life to refer to things or groups of things which are alive.

- Is there life on Mars?.

- The book includes some useful facts about animal and plant life.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

3. life lives
If you refer to someone's life , you mean their state of being alive, especially when there is a risk or danger of them dying.

- Your life is in danger.

- A nurse began to try to save his life.

- The intense fighting is reported to have claimed many lives.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

4. life lives
Someone's life is the period of time during which they are alive.

- He spent the last fourteen years of his life in retirement.

- For the first time in his life he regretted that he had no faith.

N-COUNT: poss N

5. life lives
You can use life to refer to a period of someone's life when they are in a particular situation or job.

- Interior designers spend their working lives keeping up to date with the latest trends.

- That was the beginning of my life in the television business.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu poss N

6. life lives
You can use life to refer to particular activities which people regularly do during their lives.

- My personal life has had to take second place to my career.

- Most diabetics have a normal sex life.

N-COUNT: supp N

7. life
You can use life to refer to the events and experiences that happen to people while they are alive.

- Life won't be dull!.

- It's the people with insecurities who make life difficult.

- ...the sort of life we can only fantasise about living.

N-UNCOUNT

8. life
If you know a lot about life , you have gained many varied experiences, for example by travelling a lot and meeting different kinds of people.

- I was 19 and too young to know much about life.

- I needed some time off from education to experience life.

N-UNCOUNT

9. life
You can use life to refer to the things that people do and experience that are characteristic of a particular place, group, or activity.

- How did you adjust to college life?.

- ...he abhors the wheeling-and-dealing associated with conventional political life.

- ...the culture and life of north Africa.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

10. life
A person, place, book, or film that is full of life gives an impression of excitement, energy, or cheerfulness.

- The town itself was full of life and character.

- The rejection of the Jewish theme meant the rejection of everything that gave the script passion and life.

- He's sucked the life out of her.

N-UNCOUNT approval

11. life lives
A life of a person is a book or film which tells the story of their life.

- A life of John Paul Jones had long interested him.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= biography

12. life
If someone is sentenced to life , they are sentenced to stay in prison for the rest of their life or for a very long time. (INFORMAL)

- He could get life in prison, if convicted.

N-UNCOUNT
= life imprisonment

13. life lives
The life of something such as a machine, organization, or project is the period of time that it lasts for.

- The repairs did not increase the value or the life of the equipment.

N-COUNT: with poss

14. life
In art, life refers to the producing of drawings, paintings, or sculptures that represent actual people, objects, or places, rather than images from the artist's imagination.

- ...learning to draw from life...

- She had once posed for Life classes when she was an art student.

N-UNCOUNT

15. life
If you say that something or someone is your life , you are emphasizing that they are extremely important to you.

- The Church is my life.

PHR: V inflects

16. life
If you bring something to life or if it comes to life , it becomes interesting or exciting.

- The cold, hard cruelty of two young men is vividly brought to life in this true story.

- Poems which had seemed dull and boring suddenly came to life.

PHR: V inflects

17. life
If something or someone comes to life , they become active.

- The volcano came to life a week ago.

PHR: V inflects

18. life
If you talk about life after death , you are discussing the possibility that people may continue to exist in some form after they die.

- I believe in life after death.

PHR

19. life
If you say that someone is fighting for their life , you mean that they are in a very serious condition and may die as a result of an accident or illness. (JOURNALISM)

- He was in a critical condition, fighting for his life in hospital.

PHR: V inflects

20. life
For life means for the rest of a person's life.

- He was jailed for life in 1966 for the murder of three policemen.

- She may have been scarred for life.

- There can be no jobs for life.

PHR: PHR after v, n PHR

21. life
If you say that you cannot for the life of you understand or remember something, you are emphasizing that you cannot understand or remember it, even if you try hard. (INFORMAL)

- I can't for the life of me understand why you didn't think of it.

PHR: with brd-neg, usu PHR before v, PHR with cl emphasis

22. life
If you say that someone does something for dear life or for their life , you mean that they do it using all their strength and effort because they are in a dangerous or urgent situation. (INFORMAL)

- I made for the life raft and hung on for dear life.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

23. life
If you say that someone lives life to the full , you mean that they try to gain a lot from life by being always busy and trying new activities.
PHR: V inflects approval

24. life
If you tell someone to get a life , you are expressing frustration with them because their life seems boring or they seem to care too much about unimportant things. (INFORMAL)
PHR disapproval

25. life
You can say ` Life goes on ' after mentioning something very sad to indicate that, although people are very upset or affected by it, they have to carry on living normally.

- I can't spend the rest of my life wishing it hadn't happened. Life goes on.

CONVENTION feelings

26. life
If you say that you have a life , you mean that you have interests and activities, particularly outside your work, which make your life enjoyable and worthwhile.
PHR: V and N inflect

27. life
If you talk about the man or woman in someone's life , you mean the person they are having a relationship with, especially a sexual relationship.

- There is a new man in her life.

PHR: usu n PHR

28. life
You can use in all my life or in my life to emphasize that you have never previously experienced something to such a degree.

- I have never been so scared in all my life.

- I have never seen such a shambles in my life.

PHR: usu with brd-neg, usu PHR after v emphasis

29. life
You can use expressions such as the fright of your life or the race of your life to emphasize, for example, that you have never been so frightened or that you never have run faster.

- A top reggae singer gave a young fan the thrill of her life when he serenaded her.

PHR: N inflects emphasis

30. life
If you say that someone or something is larger than life , you mean that they appear or behave in a way that seems more exaggerated or important than usual.

- ...not that we should expect all good publishers to be larger than life...

- Nobody takes seriously the improbable storylines and larger than life characters.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR n

31. life
If someone lays down their life for another person, they die so that the other person can live. (LITERARY)

- Man can have no greater love than to lay down his life for his friends.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR for n

32. life
To risk life and limb means to do something very dangerous in order to achieve something.

- Viewers will remember the dashing hero, Dirk, risking life and limb to rescue Daphne from the dragons.

PHR: V inflects

33. life
If you start a new life , you move to another place or country, or change your career, usually to try and recover from an unpleasant experience.

- He had gone as far away as possible to build a new life.

PHR: N inflects

34. life
If someone says ` Not on your life ', they are totally rejecting a suggestion that has been made. (INFORMAL)

- `You should have given him a lift.' --- `In that condition? Not on your life!'

CONVENTION emphasis
= no way

35. life
If you live your own life , you live in the way that you want to and accept responsibility for your actions and decisions, without other people's advice or interference.

- Adults need to live their own lives and that's difficult with children.

PHR: V and N inflect

36. life
If you say that something rules someone's life , you mean that it affects everything they do, usually in a negative way.

- I'm going to stop letting drugs and drink rule my life.

PHR: V and N inflect

37. life
If you say that someone cannot do something to save their life , you are emphasizing that they do it very badly. (INFORMAL)

- Winston could not have read the road signs to save his life.

PHR: N inflects, PHR after v emphasis

38. life
If you refer to someone as the life and soul of the party , you mean that they are very lively and entertaining on social occasions, and are good at mixing with people. In American English, you usually say that they are the life of the party .
PHR: usu v-link PHR approval

39. life
If something starts life or begins life as a particular thing, it is that thing when it first starts to exist.

- Herr's book started life as a dramatic screenplay.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR as n

40. life
If someone takes another person's life , they kill them. If someone takes their own life , they kill themselves. (FORMAL)

- Before execution, he admitted to taking the lives of at least 35 more women.

- He helped his first wife take her life when she was dying of cancer.

PHR: V and N inflect

41. life
People say ` That's life ' after an unlucky, unpleasant, or surprising event to show that they realize such events happen occasionally and must be accepted.

- `It never would have happened if Florette had not gone back for the book.' --- `That's life.'

CONVENTION feelings

42. life
You can use expressions such as to come to life , to spring to life , and to roar into life to indicate that a machine or vehicle suddenly starts working or moving. (LITERARY)

- To his great relief the engine came to life.

- In the garden of the Savoy Hotel the sprinklers suddenly burst into life.

PHR: V inflects

43. life
People say ` What a life ' to indicate that they are unhappy or are having great difficulties.

- Here I am at a crummy hotel with no clean clothes, no money and suffering from shock. What a life!

CONVENTION feelings

44. life
If you say that life isn't worth living without something, or that something makes life worth living , you mean that you cannot enjoy life without it.

- Life is not worth living without food you can look forward to and enjoy!.

- Those are the moments which make life worth living.

PHR: V inflects

live 1 verb uses *****

1. live lives living lived
If someone lives in a particular place or with a particular person, their home is in that place or with that person.

- She has lived here for 10 years.

- She always said I ought to live alone.

- Where do you live?.

- He still lives with his parents.

VB

2. live lives living lived
If you say that someone lives in particular circumstances or that they live a particular kind of life, you mean that they are in those circumstances or that they have that kind of life.

- We lived quite grandly.

- Compared to people living only a few generations ago, we have greater opportunities to have a good time.

- We can start living a normal life again now.

- ...the local support group for people living with HIV and AIDS.

VB

3. live lives living lived
If you say that someone lives for a particular thing, you mean that it is the most important thing in their life.

- He lived for his work.

VB

4. live lives living lived
To live means to be alive. If someone lives to a particular age, they stay alive until they are that age.

- He's got a terrible disease and will not live long.

- A perennial is a plant that lives indefinitely.

- He lived to be 103.

- My father died nigh on ten years ago, but he lived to see his first grandson.

- Matilda was born in northern Italy in 1046 and apparently lived to a ripe old age.

- The blue whale is the largest living thing on the planet.

- Ian was her only living relative.

VB

5. live lives lived
If people live by doing a particular activity, they get the money, food, or clothing they need by doing that activity.

- ...the last indigenous people to live by hunting...

- These crimes were committed largely by professional criminals who lived by crime.

VB: no cont

6. live lives living lived
If you live by a particular rule, belief, or ideal, you behave in the way in which it says you should behave.

- They live by the principle that we are here to add what we can to life, not to get what we want from it.

VB

7. live lives lived
If a person or occasion lives in someone's mind or in history, they are remembered for a long time.

- The memory of that will live with me for many years to come.

- His name will live in history as one of the greatest bowlers of all time.

VB: no cont

8. live on lives on; living on; lived on
Live on means the same as live .

- Lenin lives on in the minds and hearts of millions of people.

PHR-V

9. live
If you say that someone lives and breathes a particular subject or activity, you are emphasizing that they are extremely enthusiastic about it.

- He has lived and breathed polo since he was seven.

PHR: Vs inflect, PHR n emphasis

10. live
If you tell someone that they haven't lived unless they experience a particular thing, you are telling them that thing is extremely good and should be experienced.

- If you have never been to an opera, you haven't lived.

- You haven't lived until you've used their new micro system.

PHR: have inflects, usu PHR with cl

11. live
You can use expressions such as to live in fear and to live in terror to indicate that someone is always thinking about an unpleasant or frightening event, because they think that it might happen.

- One in 10 Californians is unemployed and thousands more live in fear of losing their jobs.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR of -ing/n

12. live
You say live and let live as a way of saying that you should let other people behave in the way that they want to and not criticize them for behaving differently from you.
CONVENTION

13. live
If you live it up , you have a very enjoyable and exciting time, for example by going to lots of parties or going out drinking with friends. (INFORMAL)

- There is no reason why you couldn't live it up once in a while.

PHR: V inflects

live 2 adjective uses ***

1. live
Live animals or plants are alive, rather than being dead or artificial.

- ...a protest against the company's tests on live animals.

- ...baskets of live chickens.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ dead

2. live
A live television or radio programme is one in which an event or performance is broadcast at exactly the same time as it happens, rather than being recorded first.

- Murray was a guest on a live radio show

- ...we were laughing and gossiping, oblivious to the fact that we were on live TV...

- They watch all the live matches.

- A broadcast of the speech was heard in San Francisco, but it is not known if this was live.

ADJ
≠ pre-recorded

3. live
Also an adverb.

- It was broadcast live in 50 countries.

- We'll be going live to Nottingham later in this bulletin.

ADV: ADV after v

4. live
A live performance is given in front of an audience, rather than being recorded and then broadcast or shown in a film.

- The Rainbow has not hosted live music since the end of 1981.

- A live audience will pose the questions.

- The band was forced to cancel a string of live dates.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ recorded

5. live
Also an adverb.

- Kat Bjelland has been playing live with her new band.

ADV: ADV after v

6. live
A live recording is a recording of a band playing at a concert, rather than in a studio.

- This is my favourite live album of all time.

- The LP features live recordings from the `Great Xpectations' all-day show.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

7. live
A live wire or piece of electrical equipment is directly connected to a source of electricity.

- The plug broke, exposing live wires.

- He warned others about the live electric cables as they climbed to safety.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

8. live
Live bullets are made of metal, rather than rubber or plastic, and are intended to kill people rather than injure them.

- They trained in the jungle using live ammunition.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

9. live
A live bomb or missile is one which has not yet exploded.

- A live bomb had earlier been defused.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

10. live
If a system, campaign, or other course of action goes live , it starts to be used. (mainly BRIT)

- The new system went live earlier this year.

- The service should go live this summer.

PHR: V inflects

11. live
You use real live to say that someone or something is present or exists, when you want to indicate that you think this is exciting and unusual or unexpected. (INFORMAL)

- He had never met a real live admiral.

- She has the best pet of all -- a real live tiger.

PHR: PHR n

lives

1. Lives is the plural of life .

2. Lives is the third person singular form of live .

living ***

1. living livings
The work that you do for a living is the work that you do in order to earn the money that you need.

- Father never talked about what he did for a living.

- He earns his living doing all kinds of things.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. living
You use living when you are talking about the quality of people's daily lives.

- Olivia has always been a model of healthy living.

- ...the stresses of urban living.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

3. living
You use living to talk about the places where people relax when they are not working.

- The spacious living quarters were on the second floor.

- The study links the main living area to the kitchen.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. living livings
The living are people who are alive, rather than people who have died.

- The young man is dead. We have only to consider the living.

N-PLURAL: the N
≠ dead

5. living
If you say that someone scrapes a living or scratches a living , you mean that they manage to earn enough to live on, but it is very difficult. In American English, you say they scrape out a living or scratch out a living .

- He almost manages to scrape a living as an artist.

PHR: V inflects
= get by

life

noun

1.

being

sentience

vitality

2.

existence

being

lifetime

span

time

3.

biography

autobiography

confessions

history

life story

memoirs

story

4.

behaviour

conduct

life style

way of life

5.

liveliness

animation

energy

high spirits

spirit

verve

vigour

vitality

vivacity

zest

live

verb

1.

exist

be

be alive

breathe

2.

persist

last

prevail

3.

dwell

abide

inhabit

lodge

occupy

reside

settle

4.

survive

endure

get along

make ends meet

subsist

support oneself

5.

thrive

flourish

prosper

live

adjective

1.

living

alive

animate

breathing

2.

topical

burning

controversial

current

hot

pertinent

pressing

prevalent

3.

burning

active

alight

blazing

glowing

hot

ignited

smouldering

living

adjective Informal

1.

alive

active

breathing

existing

2.

current

active

contemporary

extant

in use

noun

3.

existence

being

existing

life

subsistence

4.

life style

way of life

life-affirming

life-affirming.
A life-affirming activity or attitude emphasizes the positive aspects of life.

- The exhibition is an enjoyable and, ultimately, life-affirming experience.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

life assurance *

life assurance
Life assurance is the same as life insurance . (BRIT)

- ...a life assurance policy.

N-UNCOUNT

lifebelt

n.

救生带;救生圈

lifebelt

lifebelt lifebelts
A lifebelt is a large ring, usually made of a light substance such as cork, which someone who has fallen into deep water can use to float.
N-COUNT

lifeblood

[D.J.:ˈlaɪfˌblʌd]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪfˌblʌd]

n.

命脉;命根子;生命线

<文>血液

lifeblood

lifeblood
The lifeblood of an organization, area, or person is the most important thing that they need in order to exist, develop, or be successful.

- Small businesses are the lifeblood of the economy.

- Coal and steel were the region's lifeblood.

N-SING: usu with poss also life-blood .

lifeboat

[D.J.:ˈlaɪfbəʊt]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪfˌbot]

n.

救生艇,救生船

lifeboat *

1. lifeboat lifeboats
A lifeboat is a medium-sized boat that is sent out from a port or harbour in order to rescue people who are in danger at sea.
N-COUNT

2. lifeboat lifeboats
A lifeboat is a small boat that is carried on a ship, which people on the ship use to escape when the ship is in danger of sinking.

- The captain ordered all passengers and crew into lifeboats.

N-COUNT

life cycle *

1. life cycle life cycles
The life cycle of an animal or plant is the series of changes and developments that it passes through from the beginning of its life until its death.

- The dormant period is another stage in the life cycle of the plant.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

2. life cycle life cycles
The life cycle of something such as an idea, product, or organization is the series of developments that take place in it from its beginning until the end of its usefulness.

- ...the stages of the familial and economic life cycle...

- Each new product would have a relatively long life cycle.

N-COUNT

life-enhancing

life-enhancing
If you describe something as life-enhancing , you mean that it makes you feel happier and more content.

- ...a life-enhancing and exciting trip...

- His letters, like his poetry, are life-enhancing and a delight.

ADJ-GRADED

life expectancy *

life expectancy
The life expectancy of a person, animal, or plant is the length of time that they are normally likely to live.

- The average life expectancy was 40.

- Smoking reduces life expectancy.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
= lifespan

life force

life force
Life force is energy that some people believe exists in all living things and keeps them alive.
N-UNCOUNT also life-force

life form

life form life forms
A life form is any living thing such as an animal or plant.
N-COUNT: with supp

lifeguard

[D.J.:ˈlaɪfˌgɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪfˌɡɑrd]

n.

救生员

lifeguard

lifeguard lifeguards
A lifeguard is a person who works at a beach or swimming pool and rescues people when they are in danger of drowning.
N-COUNT

life history

life history life histories
The life history of a person is all the things that happen to them during their life.

- Some people give you their life history without much prompting.

N-COUNT

life imprisonment *

life imprisonment
If someone is sentenced to life imprisonment , they are sentenced to stay in prison for the rest of their life, or for a very long period of time.
N-UNCOUNT
= life

life insurance *

life insurance
Life insurance is a form of insurance in which a person makes regular payments to an insurance company, in return for a sum of money to be paid to them after a period of time, or to their family if they die.

- I have also taken out a life insurance policy on him just in case.

N-UNCOUNT
= life assurance

life jacket

life jacket life jackets
A life jacket is a sleeveless jacket which helps you to float when you have fallen into deep water.
N-COUNT also lifejacket .

lifeless

[D.J.:ˈlaɪflɪs]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪflɪs]

adj.

无生命的

lifeless *

1. lifeless
If a person or animal is lifeless , they are dead, or are so still that they appear to be dead.

- Their cold-blooded killers had then dragged their lifeless bodies upstairs to the bathroom.

- There was no breathing or pulse and he was lifeless.

ADJ

2. lifeless
If you describe an object or a machine as lifeless , you mean that they are not living things, even though they may resemble living things.

- It was made of plaster, hard and white and lifeless, bearing no resemblance to human flesh.

ADJ
= inanimate

3. lifeless
A lifeless place or area does not have anything living or growing there at all.

- Dry stone walls may appear stark and lifeless, but they provide a valuable habitat for plants and animals.

ADJ-GRADED

4. lifeless
If you describe a person, or something such as an artistic performance or a town as lifeless , you mean they lack any lively or exciting qualities.

- With one exception his novels are shallow and lifeless things.

- ...a lifeless portrait of an elderly woman.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

lifeless

adjective

1.

dead

deceased

defunct

extinct

inanimate

2.

dull

colourless

flat

lacklustre

lethargic

listless

sluggish

wooden

3.

unconscious

comatose

dead to the world informal

insensible

lifelike

[D.J.:ˈlaɪfˌlaɪk]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪfˌlaɪk]

adj.

活像真的,栩栩如生的

lifelike

1. lifelike
Something that is lifelike has the appearance of being alive.

- ...a lifelike doll.

ADJ-GRADED

2. lifelike
A lifelike work of art is so skilfully done that it appears very like the person or thing that it is supposed to represent.

- The painting depicted a hall so lifelike that a casual observer might believe himself to be looking through an open door.

ADJ-GRADED
= realistic

lifelike

adjective

realistic

authentic

exact

faithful

natural

true-to-life

vivid

lifeline

[D.J.:ˈlaɪfˌlaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪfˌlaɪn]

n.

救生索;生命线

lifeline *

lifeline lifelines
A lifeline is something that enables an organization or group to survive or to continue with an activity.

- Information about the job market can be a lifeline for those who are out of work.

- The orders will throw a lifeline to Britain's shipyards.

N-COUNT: oft N for/to n

lifelong

[D.J.:ˈlaɪfˌlɔ:ŋ, -ˌlɔŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪfˌlɔŋ, -ˌlɑŋ]

adj.

毕生的,终身的

lifelong *

lifelong
Lifelong means existing or happening for the whole of a person's life.

- ...her lifelong friendship with Naomi.

ADJ: ADJ n

lifelong

adjective

long-standing

enduring

lasting

long-lasting

perennial

persistent

life member

life member life members
If you are a life member of a club or organization, you have paid or been chosen to be a member for the rest of your life.
N-COUNT: oft N of n

life peer

life peer life peers
In Britain, a life peer is a person who is given a title such as `Lord' or `Lady' which they can use for the rest of their life but which they cannot pass on when they die.

- He was made a life peer in 1991.

N-COUNT

life preserver

life preserver life preservers
A life preserver is something such as a life jacket, which helps you to float when you have fallen into deep water. (AM)
N-COUNT

lifer

[D.J.:ˈlaifə]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪfɚ]

n.

〈俚〉无期徒刑犯,职业军人

lifer

lifer lifers
A lifer is a criminal who has been given a life sentence. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

life raft

life raft life rafts
A life raft is a small rubber boat carried on an aircraft or large boat which can be filled with air and used in an emergency.
N-COUNT also life-raft .

lifesaver

[D.J.:ˈlaɪfˌseɪvə]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪfˌsevɚ]

n.

救生者,水难救生员,济急的人

lifesaver

lifesaver lifesavers
If you say that something is a lifesaver , you mean that it helps people in a very important way, often in a way that is important to their health.

- The cervical smear test is a lifesaver.

N-COUNT

life-saving

n.

救生(法)

life-saving *

1. life-saving
A life-saving drug, operation, or action is one that saves someone's life or is likely to save their life.

- ...life-saving drugs such as antibiotics...

- She decided her child should go to America for life-saving treatment.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. life-saving
You use life-saving to refer to the skills and activities connected with rescuing people, especially people who are drowning.

- She teaches swimming, lifesaving and water aerobics.

N-UNCOUNT

life science

life science life sciences
The life sciences are sciences such as zoology, botany, and anthropology which are concerned with human beings, animals, and plants.
N-COUNT: usu pl

life sentence *

life sentence life sentences
If someone receives a life sentence , they are sentenced to stay in prison for the rest of their life, or for a very long period of time.

- Some were serving life sentences for murder.

N-COUNT

life-size

[D.J.:ˈlaɪfˈsaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪfˈsaɪz]

adj.

(艺术作品)与真人[实物]一样大的

life-size

life-size
A life-size representation of someone or something, for example a painting or sculpture, is the same size as the person or thing that they represent.

- ...a life-sized statue of an Indian boy.

ADJ

life-sized

adj.

(艺术作品)与真人[实物]一样大的

life-sized

life-sized
Life-sized means the same as life-size .
ADJ

lifespan

[D.J.:ˈlaɪfˌspæn]

n.

(人或动物的)寿命,预期生命期限

存在期;使用期;有效期

lifespan

1. lifespan lifespans
The lifespan of a person, animal, or plant is the period of time for which they live or are normally expected to live.

- A 15-year lifespan is not uncommon for a dog.

- They have extended the potential life span of humanity everywhere.

N-VAR: oft with poss also life span .

2. lifespan lifespans
The lifespan of a product, organization, or idea is the period of time for which it is expected to work properly or to last.

- Most boilers have a lifespan of 15 to 20 years.

N-COUNT: oft with poss also life span .

lifestyle

[D.J.:ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl]

n.

(反映个人或团体之态度及价值观的)生活方式

lifestyle **

lifestyle lifestyles
The lifestyle of a particular person or group of people is the living conditions, behaviour, and habits that are typical of them or are chosen by them.

- They enjoyed an income and lifestyle that many people would envy.

- ...the change of lifestyle occasioned by the baby's arrival.

N-VAR: usu with supp also life style , life-style .

life-support machine

life-support machine life-support machines
A life-support machine is the equipment that is used to keep a person alive when they are very ill and cannot breathe without help. (mainly BRIT; in AM use respirator )

- He is in a coma and on a life-support machine.

N-COUNT

life-support system

life-support system life-support systems
A life-support system is the same as a life-support machine .
N-COUNT

life's work

life's work
Someone's life's work or life work is the main activity that they have been involved in during their life, or their most important achievement.

- An exhibition of his life's work is being shown in the garden of his home.

- My father's life work was devoted to the conservation of the Longleat estate.

N-SING: usu poss N

life-threatening

危急生命的

life-threatening *

life-threatening
If someone has a life-threatening illness or is in a life-threatening situation, there is a strong possibility that the illness or the situation will kill them.

- Anything but a rigorous approach is potentially life-threatening to patients.

ADJ: oft adv ADJ

lifetime

[D.J.:ˈlaifˌtaim]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm]

n.

一生; 寿命

lifetime **

1. lifetime lifetimes
A lifetime is the length of time that someone is alive.

- During my lifetime I haven't got around to much travelling.

- ...a trust fund to be administered throughout his wife's lifetime.

- ...an extraordinary lifetime of achievement.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft poss N

2. lifetime
The lifetime of a particular thing is the period of time that it lasts.

- ...the lifetime of a parliament.

- ...a satellite's lifetime.

N-SING: with poss

3. lifetime
If you describe something as the chance or experience of a lifetime , you are emphasizing that it is the best or most important chance or experience that you are ever likely to have.

- This could be not just the trip of a lifetime but the experience of a lifetime.

PHR: n PHR emphasis

lifetime

noun

existence

career

day(s)

span

time

lift

[D.J.:lift]

[K.K.:lɪft]

vt. & vi.

举起, 抬起

vt.

终止; 解除

vi.

消散

n.

抬, 举

电梯, 升降机

免费搭车; 搭便车

鼓舞, 振奋

lifting

[D.J.:ˈliftiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɪftɪŋ]

n.

举起,起重,上升,提高

lift ****

1. lift lifts lifting lifted
If you lift something, you move it to another position, especially upwards.

- The Colonel lifted the phone and dialed his superior.

- She lifted the last of her drink to her lips.

VB

2. lift up lifts up; lifting up; lifted up
Lift up means the same as lift .

- She put her arms around him and lifted him up.

- Curious shoppers lifted up their children to take a closer look at the parade.

PHR-V

3. lift lifts lifting lifted
If you lift a part of your body, you move it to a higher position.

- Amy lifted her arm to wave. `Goodbye,' she called.

- She lifted her foot and squashed the wasp into the ground.

VB
= raise

4. lift up lifts up; lifting up; lifted up
Lift up means the same as lift .

- Tom took his seat again and lifted his feet up on to the railing.

- The boys lifted up their legs, indicating they wanted to climb in.

PHR-V

5. lift lifts lifting lifted
If you lift your eyes or your head, you look up, for example when you have been reading and someone comes into the room.

- When he finished he lifted his eyes and looked out the window.

VB
= raise

6. lift lifts lifting lifted
If people in authority lift a law or rule that prevents people from doing something, they end it.

- The European Commission has urged France to lift its ban on imports of British beef.

VB

7. lift lifts lifting lifted
If something lifts your spirits or your mood, or if they lift , you start feeling more cheerful.

- He used his incredible sense of humour to lift my spirits.

- A brisk walk in the fresh air can lift your mood and dissolve a winter depression.

- As soon as she heard the telephone ring her spirits lifted.

V-ERG

8. lift
If something gives you a lift , it gives you a feeling of greater confidence, energy, or enthusiasm. (INFORMAL)

- My selection for the team has given me a tremendous lift.

N-SING: usu a N
= boost

9. lift lifts
A lift is a device that carries people or goods up and down inside tall buildings. (BRIT; in AM use elevator )

- They took the lift to the fourth floor.

N-COUNT

10. lift lifts
If you give someone a lift somewhere, you take them there in your car as a favour to them.

- He had a car and often gave me a lift home.

N-COUNT
= ride

11. lift lifts lifting lifted
If a government or organization lifts people or goods in or out of an area, it transports them there by aircraft, especially when there is a war.

- The army lifted people off rooftops where they had climbed to escape the flooding.

- The helicopters are designed to quickly lift soldiers and equipment to the battlefield.

VB
= fly

12. lift lifts lifting lifted
To lift something means to increase its amount or to increase the level or the rate at which it happens.

- The bank lifted its basic home loans rate to 10.99% from 10.75%.

- A barrage would halt the flow upstream and lift the water level.

VB
= increase

13. lift lifts lifting lifted
If fog, cloud, or mist lifts , it reduces, for example by moving upwards or by becoming less thick.

- The fog had lifted and revealed a warm, sunny day.

VB

14. lift lifts lifting lifted
If you lift root vegetables or bulbs, you dig them out of the ground.

- Lift carrots on a dry day and pack them horizontally in boxes of damp sand.

VB
= dig up

lift

verb

1.

raise

draw up

elevate

hoist

pick up

uplift

upraise

2.

revoke

annul

cancel

countermand

end

remove

rescind

stop

terminate

3.

disappear

be dispelled

disperse

dissipate

vanish

noun

4.

ride

drive

run

5.

boost

encouragement

fillip

pick-me-up

shot in the arm informal

6.

elevator chiefly U.S.

lift off ****

lift off lifts off; lifting off; lifted off
When an aircraft or rocket lifts off , it leaves the ground and rises into the air.

- The plane lifted off and climbed steeply into the night sky.

PHR-V
= take off

lift-off

[D.J.:ˈlɪftˌɔ:f, -ˌɔf]

[K.K.:ˈlɪftˌɔf, -ˌɑf]

n.

离地升空

lift-off *

lift-off lift-offs
Lift-off is the beginning of a rocket's flight into space, when it leaves the ground.

- The lift-off was delayed about seven minutes.

- The rocket tumbled out of control shortly after lift-off.

N-VAR

ligament

[D.J.:ˈlɪgəmənt]

[K.K.:ˈlɪɡəmənt]

n.

韧带

ligamental

adj.

韧带的,带状的

ligamentary

adj.

韧带的,带状的

ligamentous

adj.

韧带的,带状的

ligamental

[ˌliɡəˈmentəl]

adj.

韧带的

ligamentary

[ˌliɡəˈmentəri]

adj.

韧带的

ligamentous

[ˌliɡəˈmentəs]

adj.

韧带的

ligaments

韧带

ligament *

ligament ligaments
A ligament is a band of strong tissue in a person's body which connects bones.

- He suffered torn ligaments in his knee.

N-COUNT

light

[D.J.:lait]

[K.K.:laɪt]

n.

光, 光线, 光亮

光源, 电灯

火焰, 火花, 点火物

vt. & vi.

点火, 生火, 点燃

(使)容光焕发

vt.

照亮, 照明

adj.

光线充足的, 明亮的

淡色的, 浅色的

轻的, 不重的

轻柔的; 轻巧的

易消化的, 清淡的

lighter

[D.J.:ˈlaɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪtɚ]

n.

打火机,点火器

adj.

较轻的,较淡的

lighting

[D.J.:ˈlaɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪtɪŋ]

n.

照明

点火, 点燃

lightly

[D.J.:ˈlaɪtli:]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪtli]

adv.

轻轻地,轻巧地

轻率地

get off/be let off lightly

免受重罚；获从轻发落

lightness

[D.J.:ˈlaɪtnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪtnɪs]

n.

轻,轻微

轻快,敏捷

愉快;轻松

轻率;轻浮

明亮;光亮度

(颜色的)浅淡

lights

[D.J.:laits]

[K.K.:laɪts]

n.

(供食用的)家畜的肺脏

light 1 brightness or illumination ****

1. light
Light is the brightness that lets you see things. Light comes from sources such as the sun, moon, lamps, and fire.

- Cracks of light filtered through the shutters.

- Light and water in embassy buildings were cut off.

- It was difficult to see in the dim light.

- ...ultraviolet light.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used
≠ darkness

2. light lights
A light is something such as an electric lamp which produces light.

- The janitor comes round to turn the lights out.

- You get into the music, the lights and the people around you.

- ...street lights.

N-COUNT The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

3. light lights
You can use lights to refer to a set of traffic lights.

- ...the heavy city traffic with its endless delays at lights and crossings.

N-PLURAL The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

4. light lights lighting lighted
If a place or object is lit by something, it has light shining on it.

- It was dark and a giant moon lit the road so brightly you could see the landscape clearly.

- The room was lit by only the one light.

- The low sun lit the fortress walls with yellow light.

- ...the little lighted space at the bottom of the stairwell.

VB The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used
= illuminate

5. light lighter lightest
If it is light , the sun is providing light at the beginning or end of the day.

- It was still light when we arrived at Lalong Creek.

- He would often rise as soon as it was light and go into the garden.

- ...light summer evenings.

ADJ-GRADED The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used
≠ dark

6. light lighter lightest
If a room or building is light , it has a lot of natural light in it, for example because it has large windows.

- It is a light room with tall windows.

- Her house is light and airy, crisp and clean.

ADJ-GRADED The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used
= bright ≠ dark

7. lightness

- The dark green spare bedroom is in total contrast to the lightness of the large main bedroom.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

8. light lights lighting lighted
If you light something such as a cigarette or fire, or if it lights , it starts burning.

- Stephen hunched down to light a cigarette.

- If the charcoal does fail to light, use a special liquid spray and light it with a long taper.

- ...a lighted candle.

V-ERG The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

9. light
If someone asks you for a light , they want a match or cigarette lighter so they can start smoking. (INFORMAL)

- Have you got a light anybody?

N-SING: a N The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

10. light lights
If something is presented in a particular light , it is presented so that you think about it in a particular way or so that it appears to be of a particular nature.

- He has worked hard in recent months to portray New York in a better light.

N-COUNT: with supp The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

11. light
You can refer to the type of influence that something has on situations, people, or things as the light of that situation, person, or thing. (WRITTEN)

- ...the harsh light of reality.

N-SING: the N of n The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

12. light lights
You say that something is done or is acceptable according to someone's lights when you mean that it is done or is acceptable according to their own ideas and standards. (FORMAL)

- They can get on with running the school system according to their own lights and in their own interests.

N-PLURAL: prep poss N The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

13. light
If there is a light in someone's eyes, there is an expression in their eyes that shows you the mood they are in or what they are thinking about. (LITERARY)

- I remembered the curious expectant light in his eyes.

N-SING: usu N in n The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used
= glint

14. light
If something comes to light or is brought to light , it becomes obvious or is made known to a lot of people.

- Nothing about this sum has come to light.

- The truth is unlikely to be brought to light by the promised enquiry.

PHR: V inflects The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

15. light
If light dawns on you, you begin to understand something after a period of not being able to understand it.

- At last the light dawned. He was going to marry Phylis!

PHR: V inflects The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

16. light
First light is the time in the early morning when light first appears and before the sun rises. (LITERARY)

- Three hours before first light Fuentes gave orders for the evacuation of the camp.

PHR The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used
= daybreak

17. light
If someone in authority gives you a green light , they give you permission to do something.

- The food industry was given a green light to extend the use of these chemicals.

- Other countries are eagerly awaiting an American green light to lift the sanctions altogether.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

18. light
If something is possible in the light of particular information, it is only possible because you have this information.

- In the light of this information it is now possible to identify a number of key issues.

PHR-PREP The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

19. light
If someone goes out like a light , they fall asleep or become unconscious very quickly or immediately. (INFORMAL)

- `Why didn't somebody come and tell me?' --- `Because you were out like a light.'

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

20. light
If you say that an object sees the light of day or sees the light , you mean that it is taken out of the place where it is stored.

- Museum basements are stacked full of objects which never see the light of day.

PHR: V inflects The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

21. light
If something sees the light of day at a particular time, it comes into existence or is made known to the public at that time.

- This extraordinary document first saw the light of day in 1966.

PHR: V inflects The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

22. light
If someone sees the light , they finally realize something or change their attitude or way of behaving to a better one.

- I saw the light, ditched him and now live with a man who loves me and my body.

PHR: V inflects The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

23. light
If you set light to something, you make it start burning. (mainly BRIT; in AM use set fire to )

- They had poured fuel through the door of the flat and had then set light to it.

PHR: V inflects: PHR n The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

24. light
To shed light on , throw light on , or cast light on something means to make it easier to understand, because more information is known about it.

- A new approach offers an answer, and may shed light on an even bigger question.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used
= clarify

25. light
When you talk about the light at the end of the tunnel , you are referring to the end of the difficult or unpleasant situation that you are in at the moment.

- All I can do is tell her to hold on, that there's light at the end of the tunnel.

PHR The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

light 2 not great in weight, amount, or intensity ***

1. light lighter lightest
Something that is light does not weigh very much, or weighs less than you would expect it to.

- Modern tennis rackets are now apparently 20 per cent lighter.

- ...weight training with light weights...

- Try to wear light, loose clothes.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ heavy

2. lightness

- The toughness, lightness, strength, and elasticity of whalebone gave it a wide variety of uses.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

3. light lighter lightest
Something that is light is not very great in amount, degree, or intensity.

- It's a Sunday like any other with the usual light traffic in the city.

- Trading was very light ahead of yesterday's auction.

- ...a light breeze.

ADJ-GRADED

4. lightly

- Put the onions in the pan and cook until lightly browned.

- ...the small and lightly armed UN contingent.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV -ed, also ADV after v

5. light
Light equipment and machines are small and easily moved, especially because they are not heavy.

- ...a convoy of light armoured vehicles...

- They used light machine guns and AK forty-sevens.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. light lighter lightest
Soil that is light is easy to dig, because it has a loose texture and is not sticky or solid.

- Less chemical gets into the sub-soil which is particularly important with the light, tropical soils.

ADJ-GRADED

7. light lighter lightest
Something that is light is very pale in colour.

- The walls are light in colour and covered in paper.

- He is light haired with gray eyes.

ADJ-GRADED
= pale

8. light
Also a combining form.

- We know he has a light green van.

- ...a light blue box.

COMB in COLOUR

9. light lighter lightest
A light sleep is one that is easily disturbed and in which you are often aware of the things around you. If you are a light sleeper, you are easily woken when you are asleep.

- She had drifted into a light sleep.

- She was usually a light sleeper.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
≠ heavy

10. lightly

- He was dozing lightly in his chair.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

11. light lighter lightest
A light sound, for example someone's voice, is pleasantly quiet.

- The voice was sweet and light.

ADJ-GRADED

12. light lighter lightest
A light meal is small in quantity.

- ...a light, healthy lunch.

- ...wine and cheese or other light refreshment.

ADJ-GRADED

13. lightly

- She found it impossible to eat lightly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

14. light lighter lightest
Food that is light has a delicate flavour and is easy to digest.

- Berti's clear tomato soup is deliciously light.

- Bake salmon in foil or poach in a light stock for 8-10 minutes.

- ...light table wines.

ADJ-GRADED

15. light lighter lightest
Light work does not involve much physical effort.

- He was on the training field for some light work yesterday.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

16. light lighter lightest
If you describe the result of an action or a punishment as light , you mean that it is less serious or severe than you expected.

- She confessed her astonishment at her light sentence when her father visited her at the jail.

ADJ-GRADED
= lenient

17. lightly

- One of the accused got off lightly in exchange for pleading guilty to withholding information from Congress.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

18. light lighter lightest
Movements and actions that are light are graceful or gentle and are done with very little force or effort.

- Use a light touch when applying cream or make-up.

- There was a light knock at the door.

ADJ-GRADED

19. lightly

- He kissed her lightly on the mouth.

- Knead the dough very lightly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

20. lightness

- She danced with a grace and lightness that were breathtaking.

N-UNCOUNT

light 3 unimportant or not serious ***

1. light lighter lightest
If you describe things such as books, music, and films as light , you mean that they entertain you without making you think very deeply.

- He doesn't like me reading light novels.

- ...light classical music.

- ...a light entertainment programme.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ deep

2. light lighter lightest
If you say something in a light way, you sound as if you think that something is not important or serious.

- Talk to him in a friendly, light way about the relationship.

- ...to finish on a lighter note.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ serious

3. lightly

- `Once a detective, always a detective,' he said lightly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

4. lightness

- `I'm not an authority on them,' Jessica said with forced lightness.

N-UNCOUNT

5. light lighter lightest
If you say that something is not a light matter, you mean that it should be treated or considered as being important and serious.

- It can be no light matter for the Home Office that so many young prisoners should have wanted to kill or injure themselves.

ADJ-GRADED: usu with brd-neg

6. lightly

- His allegations cannot be lightly dismissed.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

7. light
If you make light of something, you treat it as though it is not serious or important, when in fact it is.

- Roberts attempted to make light of his discomfort.

PHR: V inflects
= play down

lighter *

lighter lighters
A lighter is a small device that produces a flame which you can use to light cigarettes, cigars, and pipes.
N-COUNT

lighting **

1. lighting
The lighting in a place is the way that it is lit, for example by electric lights, by candles, or by windows, or the quality of the light in it.

- ...the bright fluorescent lighting of the laboratory...

- The whole room is bathed in soft lighting.

- ...street lighting.

N-UNCOUNT

2. lighting
The lighting in a film or play is the use of different electric lights to give a particular effect.

- Peter Mumford's lighting and David Freeman's direction make a crucial contribution to the success of the staging.

N-UNCOUNT

light

noun

1.

brightness

brilliance

glare

gleam

glint

glow

illumination

luminosity

radiance

shine

2.

lamp

beacon

candle

flare

lantern

taper

torch

3.

aspect

angle

context

interpretation

point of view

slant

vantage point

viewpoint

4.

match

flame

lighter

adjective

5.

bright

brilliant

illuminated

luminous

lustrous

shining

well-lit

6.

pale

bleached

blond

faded

fair

pastel

verb

7.

ignite

inflame

kindle

8.

illuminate

brighten

light up

light

adjective

1.

insubstantial

airy

buoyant

flimsy

portable

slight

underweight

2.

weak

faint

gentle

indistinct

mild

moderate

slight

soft

3.

insignificant

inconsequential

inconsiderable

scanty

slight

small

trifling

trivial

4.

nimble

agile

graceful

lithe

sprightly

sylphlike

5.

light-hearted

amusing

entertaining

frivolous

funny

humorous

witty

6.

digestible

frugal

modest

verb

7.

settle

alight

land

perch

light on or upon

8.

come across

chance upon

discover

encounter

find

happen upon

hit upon

stumble on

lightly

adverb

1.

gently

delicately

faintly

slightly

softly

2.

moderately

sparingly

sparsely

thinly

3.

easily

effortlessly

readily

simply

4.

carelessly

breezily

flippantly

frivolously

heedlessly

thoughtlessly

light on, light upon ****

light on lights on; lighting on; lighted on
If you light on something or light upon it, you suddenly notice it or find it. (LITERARY)

- Her eyes lit on the brandy bottle that Atanas had dropped on the floor.

PHR-V The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

light up ****

1. light up lights up; lighting up; lighted up
If you light something up or if it lights up , it becomes bright, usually when you shine light on it.

- ...a keypad that lights up when you pick up the handset...

- It isn't possible to heat one half of a bedroom or only to light up one half of a sitting room!

PHR-V-ERG The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used
= illuminate

2. light up lights up; lighting up; lighted up
If your face or your eyes light up you suddenly look very surprised or happy.

- Sue's face lit up with surprise.

- When I said I'd like this baby to live in a nuclear free environment her eyes lit up.

PHR-V The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

3. light up lights up; lighting up; lighted up
If you light up , you make a cigarette, cigar, or pipe start burning and you start smoking it. (INFORMAL)

- He held a match while she lit up.

- He takes his time lighting up a cigarette, all the while moving with the rhythm.

PHR-V The form lit is the usual past tense and past participle, but the form lighted is also used

light aircraft

light aircraft
A light aircraft is a small aeroplane that is designed to carry a small number of passengers or a small amount of goods.
N-COUNT light aircraft is both the singular and the plural form

light bulb *

light bulb light bulbs
A light bulb or bulb is the round glass part of an electric light or lamp which light shines from.
N-COUNT
= bulb

light cream

light cream
Light cream is thin cream that does not have a lot of fat in it. (AM; in BRIT use single cream )
N-UNCOUNT

lighten

[D.J.:ˈlaɪtn]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪtn..]

vt.

使(某物)更明亮

vi.

变得更光明

lighten up

别那么严肃；别抱怨；别担忧

使生动活泼

lightening

[ˈlaitniŋ]

n.

发光

lighten *

1. lighten lightens lightening lightened
When something lightens or when you lighten it, it becomes less dark in colour.

- The sky began to lighten.

- Leslie lightens her hair and has now had it cut into a short, feathered style.

V-ERG
≠ darken

2. lighten lightens lightening lightened
If someone lightens a situation, they make it less serious or less boring.

- Anthony felt the need to lighten the atmosphere.

- He managed to lighten the generally lifeless debate at times.

- Her existence was lightened by bits of gossip.

VB

3. lighten lightens lightening lightened
If your attitude, or mood lightens , or if someone or something lightens it, they make you feel more cheerful, happy, and relaxed.

- As they approached the outskirts of the city, Ella's mood visibly lightened.

- The sun was streaming in through the window, yet it did nothing to lighten his mood.

V-ERG

4. lighten lightens lightening lightened
If you lighten something, you make it less heavy.

- It is a good idea to blend it in a food processor as this lightens the mixture.

- He pulled the lightened sled with all his strength.

VB

5. lighten
If someone or something lightens your burden or your load , they make a bad or difficult situation better for you.

- The minister has persuaded the banks to lighten the burden of the foreign debt.

- In sharing this secret you lighten your burden.

- If you are responsible for children, lighten the load by asking others to help.

PHR: V inflects

lighten

verb

brighten

become light

illuminate

irradiate

light up

lighten

verb

1.

ease

allay

alleviate

ameliorate

assuage

lessen

mitigate

reduce

relieve

2.

cheer

brighten

buoy up

lift

perk up

revive

lighten up *

lighten up lightens up; lightening up; lightened up
If someone tells you to lighten up , they think you should be less serious and make an effort to be more relaxed and happy.

- Come on, this is a party. Lighten up.

PHR-V

light-fingered

[D.J.:ˈlaɪtˌfɪŋgəd]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪtˌfɪŋɡəd]

adj.

手法灵巧的,敏捷的,高明的

light-fingered

light-fingered
If you say that someone is light-fingered , you mean that they steal things. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED

light-headed

adj.

头晕的,轻浮的

light-headed

light-headed
If you feel light-headed , you feel rather unsteady and strange, for example because you are ill or because you have drunk too much alcohol.

- If you skip breakfast, your blood sugar level will drop and you will probably feel light-headed.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

light-headed

adjective

faint

dizzy

giddy

hazy

vertiginous

woozy informal

light-hearted

[ˌlaitˈhɑ:tid]

adj.

不严肃的; 戏谑的

轻松愉快的; 无忧无虑的

light-hearted *

1. light-hearted
Someone who is light-hearted is cheerful and happy.

- They were light-hearted and prepared to enjoy life.

ADJ-GRADED

2. light-hearted
Something that is light-hearted is intended to be entertaining or amusing, and not at all serious.

- There have been many attempts, both light-hearted and serious, to locate the Loch Ness Monster.

ADJ-GRADED

light-hearted

adjective

carefree

blithe

cheerful

happy-go-lucky

jolly

jovial

playful

upbeat informal

light heavyweight

light heavyweight light heavyweights
A light heavyweight is a professional boxer who weighs between 160 and 175 pounds, or an amateur boxer who weighs between 165 and 179 pounds.
N-COUNT
= cruiserweight

lighthouse

[D.J.:ˈlaɪtˌhaʊs]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪtˌhaʊs]

n.

灯塔

lighthouse *

lighthouse lighthouses
A lighthouse is a tower containing a powerful flashing lamp that is built on the coast or on a small island. Lighthouses are used to guide ships or to warn them of danger.
N-COUNT

light industry

light industry light industries
Light industry is industry in which only small items are made, for example household goods and clothes.
N-VAR

lightning

[D.J.:ˈlaitniŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪtnɪŋ]

n.

闪电

adj.

闪电般的, 快速的

lightning **

1. lightning
Lightning is the very bright flashes of light in the sky that happen during thunderstorms.

- One man died when he was struck by lightning.

- Another flash of lightning lit up the cave.

- ...thunder and lightning.

N-UNCOUNT
See also forked lightning .

2. lightning
Lightning describes things that happen very quickly or last for only a short time.

- Driving today demands lightning reflexes.

ADJ: ADJ n

lightning bug

lightning bug lightning bugs
A lightning bug is a type of beetle that produces light from its body. (AM)
N-COUNT
= firefly

lightning conductor

lightning conductor lightning conductors
A lightning conductor is a long thin piece of metal on top of a building that attracts lightning and allows it to reach the ground safely. (BRIT; in AM use lightning rod )
N-COUNT

lightning rod

1. lightning rod lightning rods
A lightning rod is the same as a lightning conductor . (AM)
N-COUNT

2. lightning rod
If you say that someone is a lightning rod for something , you mean that they attract that thing to themselves. (AM)

- He is a lightning rod for controversy.

PHR: PHR n

lightning strike

lightning strike lightning strikes
A lightning strike is a strike in which workers stop work suddenly and without any warning, in order to protest about something. (BRIT)

- Bank staff are to stage a series of lightning strikes in a dispute over staffing.

N-COUNT

lightship

[D.J.:ˈlaitʃip]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪtˌʃɪp]

n.

(停泊在危险水域作导航用的)灯塔船

lightship

lightship lightships
A lightship is a small ship that stays in one place and has a powerful flashing lamp. Lightships are used to guide ships or to warn them of danger.
N-COUNT

lightweight

[D.J.:ˈlaɪtˌweɪt]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪtˌwet]

adj.

轻量的,薄型的

<贬>不严肃的;给人印象不深的

n.

轻量级拳击手(体重在57至61公斤之间)

体重低于通常重量的人;比通常重量轻的东西

<非正,贬>无足轻重的人〔事〕;没有影响力的人〔事〕

lightweight **

1. lightweight
Something that is lightweight weighs less than most other things of the same type.

- ...lightweight denim...

- The company manufactures a range of innovative light-weight cycles.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also light-weight .

2. lightweight
Lightweight is a category in some sports, such as boxing, judo, or rowing, based on the weight of the athlete.

- By the age of sixteen he was the junior lightweight champion of Poland.

- He changed from lightweight (under 71kg) to light middleweight (under 78kg).

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n also light-weight .

3. lightweight lightweights
A lightweight is a person who is in the lightweight category in a particular sport.
N-COUNT also light-weight .

4. lightweight lightweights
If you describe someone as a lightweight , you are critical of them because you think that they are not very important or skilful in a particular area of activity.

- Hill considered Sam a lightweight, a real amateur.

N-COUNT also light-weight . disapproval
≠ heavyweight

5. lightweight
Also an adjective.

- Some of the discussion in the book is lightweight and unconvincing.

ADJ-GRADED also light-weight .

lightweight

adjective

unimportant

inconsequential

insignificant

paltry

petty

slight

trifling

trivial

worthless

light year *

1. light year light years
A light year is the distance that light travels in a year.

- ...a star system millions of light years away.

N-COUNT

2. light year light years
You can say that two things are light years apart to emphasize a very great difference or a very long distance or period of time between them. (INFORMAL)

- She says the French education system is light years ahead of the English one.

- I had not eaten anything hot since my last dinner with Sean. It seemed light-years away.

N-COUNT: usu pl, N prep/adv emphasis

like

[D.J.:laik]

[K.K.:laɪk]

vt.

喜欢, 喜爱

想要

prep.

(表示方式)如同, 像

(表示态度)想要, 有…的意向

(表示属性)像, 像…一样; 与…类似; 好像是, 看来有…可能(或迹象); 能表明…特征, 像…才会

(表示列举)比如, 诸如…之类, 像…等

adj.

相似的, 相同的

n.

相类似的人[事物]

liked

喜欢

likes

[laiks]

n.

爱好，喜欢的东西

like 1 preposition and conjunction uses *****

1. like likes
If you say that one person or thing is like another, you mean that they share some of the same qualities or features.

- He looks like Father Christmas.

- Kathy is a great mate, we are like sisters.

- It's a bit like going to the dentist; it's never as bad as you fear.

- It's nothing like what happened in the mid-Seventies.

- This is just like old times.

- ...a mountain shaped like a reclining woman.

PREP

2. like
If you talk about what something or someone is like , you are talking about their qualities or features.

- What was Bulgaria like?.

- What did she look like?.

- What was it like growing up in Hillsborough?.

- Joe still has no concept of what it's like to be the sole parent.

PREP

3. like
You can use like to introduce an example of the set of things or people that you have just mentioned.

- The neglect that large cities like New York have received over the past 12 years is tremendous.

- He could say things like, `Let's go to the car' or `Let us go for a walk' in French.

PREP: n PREP n/-ing
= such as

4. like
You can use like to say that someone or something is in the same situation as another person or thing.

- It also moved those who, like me, are too young to have lived through the war.

- Like many cities in Germany, it had to re-create itself after the second world war.

PREP

5. like
If you say that someone is behaving like something or someone else, you mean that they are behaving in a way that is typical of that kind of thing or person. Like is used in this way in many fixed expressions, for example to cry like a baby and to watch someone like a hawk .

- I was shaking all over, trembling like a leaf.

- Greenfield was behaving like an irresponsible idiot.

PREP: v PREP n

6. like
You can use like in expressions such as that's just like her and it wasn't like him to indicate that the person's behaviour is or is not typical of their character.

- You should have told us. But it's just like you not to share.

- Why does he want to do a mad thing like that? It's not like him.

PREP: v-link PREP n

7. like
Like is sometimes used as a conjunction in order to say that something appears to be the case when it is not. Some people consider this use to be incorrect.

- His arms look like they might snap under the weight of his gloves.

- On the train up to Waterloo, I felt like I was going on an adventure.

CONJ-SUBORD
= as if as though

8. like
Like is sometimes used as a conjunction in order to indicate that something happens or is done in the same way as something else. Some people consider this use to be incorrect.

- People are strolling, buying ice cream for their children, just like they do every Sunday.

- He spoke exactly like I did.

- We really were afraid, not like in the cinema.

CONJ-SUBORD

9. like
You can use like in negative expressions such as nothing like it and no place like it to emphasize that there is nothing as good as the situation, thing, or person mentioned.

- There's nothing like candlelight for creating a romantic mood.

- There was no feeling like it in the world.

PREP: with neg emphasis

10. like
You can use like in expressions such as nothing like to make an emphatic negative statement.

- Three hundred million dollars will be nothing like enough.

- It's really not anything like as bad as it looks.

PREP: with neg emphasis

11. like
Some people say like when they are thinking about what to say next or because it has become their habit to say it. Some people do not like this use. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- I decided that I'd go and, like, take a picture of him while he was in the shower.

CONVENTION
= you know

12. like
Some people say like when they are reporting what they or another person said, or what they thought about something. Some people do not like this use. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- He said `I'm attracted to you.' I'm like `You're kidding!'

- My dad was there and he's like: `Yeah. Yeah. I want to come.'

CONVENTION

like 2 verb uses *****

1. like likes liked
If you like something or someone, you think they are interesting, enjoyable, or attractive.

- He likes baseball.

- I can't think why Grace doesn't like me.

- What music do you like best?.

- I just didn't like being in crowds.

- Do you like to go swimming?.

- I like my whisky neat.

- That's one of the things I like about you. You're strong.

VB: no cont

2. like likes liked
If you ask someone how they like something, you are asking them for their opinion of it and whether they enjoy it or find it pleasant.

- How do you like America?.

- How did you like the trip?

VB: no cont, no passive
= find

3. like likes liked
If you like something such as a particular course of action or way of behaving, you approve of it.

- I've been looking at the cookery book. I like the way it is set out.

- The US administration would like to see a negotiated settlement to the war.

- Opal, his wife, didn't really like him drinking so much.

- I don't like relying on the judges' decisions.

VB: no cont

4. like likes liked
If you say that you like to do something or that you like something to be done, you mean that you prefer to do it or prefer it to be done as part of your normal life or routine.

- I like to get to airports in good time.

- I hear Mary's husband likes her to be home no later than six o'clock.

VB: no cont, no passive
= prefer

5. like likes liked
If you say that you would like something or would like to do something, you are indicating a wish or desire that you have.

- I'd like a bath.

- If you don't mind, I think I'd like to go home.

VB: no cont, no passive

6. like likes liked
You can say that you would like to say something to indicate that you are about to say it.

- I'd like to apologize.

- I would like to take this opportunity of telling you about a new service which we are offering.

VB: no cont, no passive

7. like likes liked
If you ask someone if they would like something or would like to do something, you are making a polite offer or invitation.

- Here's your change. Would you like a bag?.

- Perhaps while you wait you would like a drink at the bar.

- Would you like to come back for coffee?

VB: no cont, no passive politeness

8. like likes liked
If you say to someone that you would like something or you would like them to do something, or ask them if they would like to do it, you are politely telling them what you want or what you want them to do.

- I'd like an explanation.

- We'd like you to look around and tell us if anything is missing.

- Would you like to tell me what happened?

VB: no cont, no passive politeness

like 3 noun uses and phrases *****

1. like
You can use like in expressions such as like attracts like , when you are referring to two or more people or things that have the same or similar characteristics.

- You have to make sure you're comparing like with like.

- Homeopathic treatment is based on the `like cures like' principle.

N-UNCOUNT

2. like likes
Someone's likes are the things that they enjoy or find pleasant.

- I thought that I knew everything about Jemma: her likes and dislikes, her political viewpoints.

N-PLURAL: usu poss N
≠ dislikes

3. like
If you mention particular things or people and then add and the like , you are indicating that there are other similar things or people that can be included in what you are saying.

- Many students are also keeping fit through jogging, aerobics, weight training, and the like.

PHR: n PHR
= and so on

4. like
You say if you like when you are making or agreeing to an offer or suggestion in a casual way.

- You can stay here if you like.

- `Shall we stop talking about her?' --- `If you like.'

PHR: PHR with cl
= if you want

5. like
You say if you like when you are expressing something in a different way, or in a way that you think some people might disagree with or find strange.

- This is more like a downpayment, or a deposit, if you like.

PHR: PHR with cl/group
= let's say

6. like
You can use the expressions like anything , like crazy , or like mad to emphasize that someone is doing something or something is happening in a very energetic or noticeable way. (INFORMAL)

- He's working like mad at the moment.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

7. like
You can talk about the likes of someone or something to refer to people or things of a particular type. (INFORMAL)

- Why would somebody like her want to spend an evening with the likes of me?.

- She went to Cambridge and rubbed shoulders with the likes of George Bernard Shaw.

PHR: PHR n

8. like
If you say that something will happen like as not or as like as not , you mean that it will probably happen.

- They'd come and bring their neighbours, like as not.

PHR: PHR with cl

9. like
If you say that something will happen or is true like it or not , or whether someone likes it or not , you mean that although the situation may be unpleasant, it has to be faced.

- Like it or not, our families shape our lives and make us what we are.

- We're going to have to spend the night here whether we like it or not.

PHR: PHR with cl

10. like
You say like this , like that , or like so when you are showing someone how something is done.

- It opens and closes, like this.

PHR: usu PHR with cl

11. like
You use like this or like that when you are drawing attention to something that you are doing or that someone else is doing.

- I'm sorry to intrude on you like this.

- Stop pacing like that.

PHR: PHR after v

12. like
You use the expression more like when mentioning an amount, name, or description that in your opinion is more accurate than one that has already been mentioned.

- It's on company advice -- well, orders, more like.

PHR: PHR n/-ing, n PHR

13. like
You use the expression something like with an amount, number, or description to indicate that it is approximately accurate.

- They can get something like £3,000 a year.

- `When roughly would this be? Monday?' --- `Something like that.'

PHR: PHR n
= about

14. like
If you say that's more like it , you mean that the thing that you are referring to is more satisfactory than it was on earlier occasions.

- That's more like it, you're getting into the swing of things now.

CONVENTION

15. like
If you refer to something the like of which or the likes of which has never been seen before, you are emphasizing how important, great, or noticeable the thing is.

- ...technological advances the like of which the world had previously only dreamed of...

- We are dealing with an epidemic the likes of which we have never seen in this century.

PHR: n PHR cl emphasis
= such as

like

adjective

similar

akin

alike

analogous

corresponding

equivalent

identical

parallel

same

like

verb

1.

enjoy

be fond of

be keen on

be partial to

delight in

go for

love

relish

revel in

2.

admire

appreciate

approve

cherish

esteem

hold dear

prize

take to

3.

wish

care to

choose

desire

fancy

feel inclined

prefer

want

-like

-like
-like combines with nouns to form adjectives which describe something as being similar to the thing referred to by the noun.

- ...beautiful purple-red petunia-like flowers.

- ...a tiny worm-like creature.

- ...snake-like undulations.

COMB in ADJs: usu ADJ n

likeable

[D.J.:ˈlaɪkəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪkəbəl]

adj.

可爱的

likeable *

likeable
Someone or something that is likeable is pleasant and easy to like.

- He was an immensely likeable chap.

ADJ-GRADED also likable .
= pleasant

likelihood

[D.J.:ˈlaiklihud]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd]

n.

可能, 可能性

likelihood **

1. likelihood
The likelihood of something happening is how likely it is to happen.

- The likelihood of infection is minimal.

- There didn't seem much likelihood of it happening.

- There is every likelihood that sanctions will work.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n/-ing, N that
= probability

2. likelihood
If something is a likelihood , it is likely to happen.

- But the likelihood is that people would be willing to pay if they were certain that their money was going to a good cause.

- That, as we all know, is not only a possibility but a likelihood.

N-SING
= probability

3. likelihood
If you say that something will happen in all likelihood , you mean that it will probably happen.

- These factories would in all likelihood take five to seven years to work up to full production.

PHR: PHR with cl
= in all probability

likelihood

noun

probability

chance

possibility

prospect

likely

[D.J.:ˈlaikli]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪkli]

adj.

可能的; 有希望的

适合的

adv.

可能

likely *****

1. likely likelier likeliest
You use likely to indicate that something is probably the case or will probably happen in a particular situation.

- Experts say a `yes' vote is still the likely outcome.

- If this is your first baby, it's far more likely that you'll get to the hospital too early.

- Francis thought it likely John still loved her.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ that
= probable ≠ unlikely

2. likely
Also an adverb.

- Profit will most likely have risen by about £25 million.

- Very likely he'd told them he had American business interests.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group
= probably

3. likely likelier likeliest
If someone or something is likely to do a particular thing, they will very probably do it.

- In the meantime the war of nerves seems likely to continue.

- Once people have seen that something actually works, they are much more likely to accept change.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to-inf
≠ unlikely

4. likely likelier likeliest
A likely person, place, or thing is one that will probably be suitable for a particular purpose.

- At one point he had seemed a likely candidate to become Prime Minister.

- We aimed the microscope at a likely looking target.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

5. likely
You can say not likely as an emphatic way of saying `no', especially when someone asks you whether you are going to do something. (INFORMAL)

- `How about having a phone out here?' --- `Not likely!'

CONVENTION emphasis
= no way

likely

adjective

1.

inclined

apt

disposed

liable

prone

tending

2.

probable

anticipated

expected

odds-on

on the cards

to be expected

3.

plausible

believable

credible

feasible

possible

reasonable

4.

promising

hopeful

up-and-coming

like-minded

[D.J.:ˈlaɪkˈmaɪndɪd]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪkˈmaɪndɪd]

adj.

具有相似意向或目的的

like-minded *

like-minded
Like-minded people have similar opinions, ideas, attitudes, or interests.

- ...the opportunity to mix with hundreds of like-minded people.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

liken

[D.J.:ˈlaɪkən]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪkən]

vt.

把…比作

liken sb/sth to sb/sth

把…比作…

liken *

liken likens likening likened
If you liken one thing or person to another thing or person, you say that they are similar.

- She likens marriage to slavery.

- The pain is often likened to being drilled through the side of the head.

VB
= compare

liken

verb

compare

equate

match

parallel

relate

set beside

likeness

[D.J.:ˈlaɪknɪs]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪknɪs]

n.

相象, 相似

画像, 肖像

likeness *

1. likeness
If two things or people have a likeness to each other, they are similar to each other.

- These myths have a startling likeness to one another.

- There might be a likeness between their features, but their eyes were totally dissimilar.

N-SING: oft N to/between n
= similarity

2. likeness likenesses
A likeness of someone is a picture or sculpture of them.

- The museum displays wax likenesses of every US president.

N-COUNT: with poss

3. likeness likenesses
If you say that a picture of someone is a good likeness of them, you mean that it looks just like them.

- She says the artist's impression is an excellent likeness of her abductor.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu adj N

likeness

noun

1.

resemblance

affinity

correspondence

similarity

2.

portrait

depiction

effigy

image

picture

representation

likewise

[D.J.:ˈlaikwaiz]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz]

adv.

同样地, 照样地

也, 又

likewise **

1. likewise
You use likewise when you are comparing two methods, states, or situations and saying that they are similar.

- All attempts by the Socialists to woo him back were spurned. Similar overtures from the right have likewise been rejected.

- The V2 was not an ordinary weapon: it could only be used against cities. Likewise the atom bomb.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV with cl/group
= similarly

2. likewise
If you do something and someone else does likewise , they do the same or a similar thing.

- He lent money, made donations and encouraged others to do likewise.

ADV: ADV after v

likewise

adverb

similarly

in like manner

in the same way

liking

[D.J.:ˈlaɪkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪkɪŋ]

n.

喜爱,喜好

for your liking

对于…的口味(或愿望)来说

to sb’s liking

合某人的胃口；中某人的意

liking *

1. liking
If you have a liking for something or someone, you like them.

- She had a liking for good clothes.

- He bought me records to encourage my liking for music.

- Mrs Jermyn took a great liking to him.

N-SING: with supp, oft N for n

2. liking
If something is, for example, too fast for your liking , you would prefer it to be slower. If it is not fast enough for your liking , you would prefer it to be faster.

- He had become too powerful for their liking.

- She's asking far too many personal questions for my liking.

PHR: with too/not enough , usu group PHR

3. liking
If something is to your liking , it suits your interests, tastes, or wishes.

- London was more to his liking than Rome.

- Simmer over a very low flame until the rice is cooked to your liking.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

liking

noun

fondness

affection

inclination

love

partiality

penchant

preference

soft spot

taste

weakness

lilac

[D.J.:ˈlaɪlək, -lɔk, -læk]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪlək, -lɑk, -læk]

n.

丁香

丁香紫,淡紫色

adj.

丁香紫的

lilac *

1. lilac lilacs
A lilac or a lilac tree is a small tree which has sweet-smelling purple, pink, or white flowers in large, cone-shaped groups.

- Lilacs grew against the side wall.

- ...a twig of lilac.

N-VAR lilac can also be used as the plural form

2. lilac lilacs
Lilacs are the flowers which grow on this tree.

- ...a vase of tulips, lilies, lilacs and primroses...

- Her hair smelt of lilac.

N-VAR lilac can also be used as the plural form

3. lilac lilacs
Something that is lilac is pale pinkish-purple in colour.

- All shades of mauve, lilac, lavender and purple were fashionable.

COLOUR lilac can also be used as the plural form

lilt

[D.J.:lilt]

[K.K.:lɪlt]

v.

唱轻快的调子,轻快地动

n.

轻快活泼的调子,轻快的动作

lilt

lilt
If someone's voice has a lilt in it, the pitch of their voice rises and falls in a pleasant way, as if they were singing.

- Her voice is child-like, with a West Country lilt.

N-SING

lilting

lilting
A lilting voice or song rises and falls in pitch in a pleasant way.

- He had a pleasant, lilting northern accent.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

lily

[ˈlili]

n.

百合花

lily **

lily lilies
A lily is a plant with large flowers that are often white.
N-VAR

lily of the valley

lily of the valley lilies of the valley
Lily of the valley are small plants with large leaves and small, white, bell-shaped flowers.
N-VAR lily of the valley can also be used as the plural form

lima bean

lima bean lima beans
Lima beans are flat round beans that are light green in colour and are eaten as a vegetable. They are the seeds of a plant that grows in tropical parts of America.
N-COUNT: usu pl

limb

[D.J.:lim]

[K.K.:lɪm]

n.

肢

大树枝

limbs

四肢

limb **

1. limb limbs
Your limbs are your arms and legs.

- She would be able to stretch out her cramped limbs and rest for a few hours.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. limb limbs
The limbs of a tree are its branches. (LITERARY)

- This entire rickety structure was hanging from the limb of an enormous leafy tree.

N-COUNT

3. limb
If someone goes out on a limb , they do something they strongly believe in even though it is risky or extreme, and is likely to fail or be criticized by other people.

- They can see themselves going out on a limb, voting for a very controversial energy bill.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

4. limb
If someone risks life and limb , they do something very dangerous that may cause them to die or be seriously injured.

- Aid workers have risked life and limb and we have had to hire our own protection to safeguard workers at our centres.

PHR: V inflects

5. limb
If someone threatens to tear you limb from limb , they mean that they are extremely angry with you, and may use violence against you.

- The police were lucky they found him before I did. I would have torn him limb from limb.

PHR: V inflects

limb

noun

1.

part

appendage

arm

extremity

leg

member

wing

2.

branch

bough

offshoot

projection

spur

-limbed

-limbed
-limbed combines with adjectives to form other adjectives which indicate that a person or animal has limbs of a particular type or appearance.

- He was long-limbed and dark-eyed.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

limber up

limber up limbers up; limbering up; limbered up
If you limber up , you prepare for an energetic physical activity such as a sport by moving and stretching your body.

- Next door, 200 girls are limbering up for their ballet exams.

- She ran a little way, limbering up.

- A short walk will limber up the legs.

PHR-V
= warm up

limbo

[D.J.:ˈlɪmbəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈlɪmbo]

n.

无着落,悬而未决

林波舞(西印度群岛的一种舞)

in limbo

处于不稳定(或中间过渡)状态

limbo *

1. limbo
If you say that someone or something is in limbo , you mean that they are in a situation where they seem to be caught between two stages and it is unclear what will happen next.

- I didn't know whether my family was alive or dead. I felt as if I was in limbo.

- The negotiations have been in limbo since mid-December.

N-UNCOUNT: usu in/into N

2. limbo
The limbo is a West Indian dance in which you have to pass under a low bar while leaning backwards. The bar is moved nearer to the floor each time you go under it.
N-SING: the N, N n

lime

[D.J.:laɪm]

[K.K.:laɪm]

n.

酸橙

石灰

vt.

给(田地等)施石灰

limes

[D.J.:ˈlaimi:z]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪmiz]

n.

古罗马边境的城墙

lime **

1. lime limes
A lime is a green fruit that tastes like a lemon. Limes grow on trees in tropical countries.

- ...peeled slices of lime...

- Oranges, lemons and limes were found to cure scurvy.

- Add a few drops of lime juice.

N-VAR

2. lime
Lime is a drink that tastes of limes.

- ...a pint of lager and lime.

N-UNCOUNT

3. lime limes
A lime is a large tree with pale green leaves. It is often planted in parks in towns and cities.

- ...dilapidated avenues of limes.

N-COUNT
= linden

4. lime
Lime is a substance containing calcium. It is found in soil and water.

- If your soil is very acid, add lime.

N-UNCOUNT

5. lime
Also a combining form.

- ...lime-rich sand.

- ...old lime-stained baths.

COMB in ADJ

lime green

lime green
Something that is lime green is light yellowish-green in colour.

- She wore a lime-green trouser suit.

- Sophie looked chic in lime green and navy.

COLOUR also lime-green .

limelight

[D.J.:ˈlaɪmˌlaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪmˌlaɪt]

n.

众人注意的中心

out of/in the limelight

(不)是公众关注的中心； ( 不) 引人注目

limelight *

limelight
If someone is in the limelight , a lot of attention is being paid to them, because they are famous or because they have done something very unusual or exciting.

- Tony has now been thrust into the limelight, with a high-profile job.

N-UNCOUNT: usu prep the N

limelight

noun

publicity

attention

celebrity

fame

prominence

public eye

recognition

stardom

the spotlight

limerick

[D.J.:ˈlɪmərɪk]

[K.K.:ˈlɪmərɪk]

n.

五行打油诗(通常幽默)

limerick *

limerick limericks
A limerick is a humorous poem which has five lines.
N-COUNT

limestone

[D.J.:ˈlaɪmˌstəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪmˌston]

n.

石灰岩

limestone *

limestone limestones
Limestone is a whitish-coloured rock which is used for building and for making cement.

- ...high limestone cliffs...

- The local limestone is very porous.

- ...marine limestones.

N-MASS: oft N n

limey

[D.J.:ˈlaimi]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪmi]

n.

〈美俚〉〈贬〉英国佬,英国海军,英国人

limey

limey limeys
Some Americans refer to British people as limeys . Some people consider this use offensive. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

limit

[D.J.:ˈlimit]

[K.K.:ˈlɪmɪt]

vt.

限制; 限定

n.

境界; 界限; 限度

限额

令人无法忍受的人[事物]

limited

[D.J.:ˈlimitid]

[K.K.:ˈlɪmɪtɪd]

adj.

有限的

limiting

[D.J.:ˈlimitiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɪmɪtɪŋ]

adj.

限制的

limit ****

1. limit limits
A limit is the greatest amount, extent, or degree of something that is possible.

- Her love for him was being tested to its limits.

- There is no limit to how much fresh fruit you can eat in a day.

- Firefighters are being stretched to the limit as fire sweeps through the drought-stricken state.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

2. limit limits
A limit of a particular kind is the largest or smallest amount of something such as time or money that is allowed because of a rule, law, or decision.

- The three month time limit will be up in mid-June.

- The economic affairs minister announced limits on petrol sales.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. limit limits
The limit of an area is its boundary or edge.

- ...the city limits of Baghdad.

N-COUNT: with supp

4. limit limits
The limits of a situation are the facts involved in it which make only some actions or results possible.

- She has to work within the limits of a fairly tight budget.

- He outlined the limits of British power.

N-PLURAL: usu N of n
= confines

5. limit limits limiting limited
If you limit something, you prevent it from becoming greater than a particular amount or degree.

- He limited payments on the country's foreign debt.

- The view was that the economy would grow by 2.25 per cent. This would limit unemployment to around 2.5 million.

VB
= restrict

6. limit limits limiting limited
If you limit yourself to something, or if someone or something limits you, the number of things that you have or do is reduced.

- It is now accepted that men should limit themselves to 20 units of alcohol a week.

- Voters cut councillors' pay and limited them to one staff member each.

VB

7. limiting

- The conditions laid down to me were not too limiting.

ADJ-GRADED

8. limit limits limiting limited
If something is limited to a particular place or group of people, it exists only in that place, or is had or done only by that group.

- The protests were not limited to New York.

- Entry to this prize draw is limited to UK residents.

VB: usu passive

9. limit
If an area or a place is off limits , you are not allowed to go there.

- A one-mile area around the wreck is still off limits.

- These establishments are off limits to ordinary citizens.

PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR to n
= out of bounds

10. limit
If you say that something is off limits , you mean that you are not allowed to do it.

- Smoking was off limits everywhere.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

11. limit
If someone is over the limit , they have drunk more alcohol than they are legally allowed to when driving a vehicle. (BRIT)

- If police breathalyse me and find I am over the limit I face a long ban and a crippling fine.

- He was found to be three times over the limit.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

12. limit
If you say the sky is the limit , you mean that there is nothing to prevent someone or something from being very successful.

- They have found that, in terms of both salary and career success, the sky is the limit.

PHR: V inflects

13. limit
If you add within limits to a statement, you mean that it is true or applies only when talking about reasonable or normal situations.

- In the circumstances we'll tell you what we can, within limits, of course, and in confidence.

PHR: PHR with cl
= within reason

limited ***

1. limited
Something that is limited is not very great in amount, range, or degree.

- They may only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.

- Shops have a very limited selection.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= small

2. limited
A limited company is one whose owners are legally responsible for only a part of any money that it may owe if it goes bankrupt. (mainly BRIT; in AM use incorporated )

- They had plans to turn the club into a limited company.

- He is the founder of International Sports Management Limited.

ADJ: ADJ n, n ADJ

limit

noun

1.

breaking point

deadline

end

ultimate

2.

boundary

border

edge

frontier

perimeter

verb

3.

restrict

bound

check

circumscribe

confine

curb

ration

restrain

limited

adjective

restricted

bounded

checked

circumscribed

confined

constrained

controlled

curbed

finite

limitation

[D.J.:ˌlimiˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌlɪmɪˈteʃən]

n.

限制

局限, 极限

limitation **

1. limitation
The limitation of something is the act or process of controlling or reducing it.

- All the talk had been about the limitation of nuclear weapons.

- ...damage limitation.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

2. limitation limitations
A limitation on something is a rule or decision which prevents that thing from growing or extending beyond certain limits.

- ...a limitation on the tax deductions for people who make more than $100,000 a year...

- There is to be no limitation on the number of opposition parties.

N-VAR: usu N on n

3. limitation limitations
If you talk about the limitations of someone or something, you mean that they can only do some things and not others, or cannot do something very well.

- I realized how possible it was to overcome your limitations, to achieve well beyond what you believe yourself capable of.

- Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

N-PLURAL: usu with poss
= shortcomings

4. limitation limitations
A limitation is a fact or situation that allows only some actions and makes others impossible.

- This drug has one important limitation. Its effects only last six hours.

- ...an acute disc collapse in the spine, causing limitation of movement.

N-VAR: usu with supp

limitation

noun

restriction

check

condition

constraint

control

curb

qualification

reservation

restraint

limited edition *

limited edition limited editions
A limited edition is a work of art, such as a book which is only produced in very small numbers, so that each one will be valuable in the future.
N-COUNT

limitless

[D.J.:ˈlɪmɪtlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈlɪmɪtlɪs]

adj.

无限制的,无限度的,无止境的

limitless *

limitless
If you describe something as limitless , you mean that there is or appears to be so much of it that it will never be exhausted.

- ...a cheap and potentially limitless supply of energy...

- The opportunities are limitless.

ADJ
= endless

limitless

adjective

infinite

boundless

countless

endless

inexhaustible

unbounded

unlimited

untold

vast

limo

[D.J.:ˈliməu]

[K.K.:ˈlɪmo]

n.

豪华轿车

limo

limo limos
A limo is a limousine . (INFORMAL)

- A large, shiny black limo pulled up to the curb.

- She was driven from Heathrow by limo to the hotel.

N-COUNT: also by N

limousine

[D.J.:ˈlimuzi:n]

[K.K.:ˌlɪməˈzin, ˈlɪməˌzin]

n.

豪华轿车

limousine *

limousine limousines
A limousine is a large and very comfortable car. Limousines are usually driven by a chauffeur and are used by very rich or important people.
N-COUNT

limp

[D.J.:limp]

[K.K.:lɪmp]

n.

跛行

vi.

一瘸一拐地走

困难地航行

adj.

无力的; 无生气的; 易弯的; 松软的

limping

跛行

limply

adv.

柔软地,四肢无力地,无生气地

limp **

1. limp limps limping limped
If a person or animal limps , they walk with difficulty or in an uneven way because one of their legs or feet is hurt.

- I wasn't badly hurt, but I injured my thigh and had to limp.

- He had to limp off with a leg injury.

VB

2. limp limps
Also a noun.

- A stiff knee following surgery forced her to walk with a limp.

N-COUNT: usu a N in sing

3. limp limps limping limped
If you say that something such as an organization, process, or vehicle limps along, you mean that it continues slowly or with difficulty, for example because it has been weakened or damaged.

- In recent years the newspaper had been limping along on limited resources.

- A British battleship, which had been damaged severely in the battle of Crete, came limping into Pearl Harbor.

VB

4. limp limper limpest
If you describe something as limp , you mean that it is soft or weak when it should be firm or strong.

- She was told to reject applicants with limp handshakes.

- A residue can build up on the hair shaft, leaving the hair limp and dull looking.

ADJ-GRADED

5. limply

- Flags and bunting hung limply in the still, warm air.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

6. limp limper limpest
If someone is limp , their body has no strength and is not moving, for example because they are asleep or unconscious.

- He carried her limp body into the room and laid her on the bed.

- He hit his head against a rock and went limp.

ADJ-GRADED

limp

verb

1.

hobble

falter

hop

shamble

shuffle

noun

2.

lameness

hobble

limp

adjective

floppy

drooping

flabby

flaccid

pliable

slack

soft

limpet

[D.J.:ˈlimpit]

[K.K.:ˈlɪmpɪt]

n.

帽贝,坚守岗位的职员

limpet

limpet limpets
A limpet is a small sea animal with a cone-shaped shell which attaches itself tightly to rocks.
N-COUNT

limpid

[D.J.:ˈlɪmpɪd]

[K.K.:ˈlɪmpɪd]

adj.

清澈的,透明的

容易看懂的

无忧虑的, 平稳无事的

limpidity

n.

limpidity

n.

清澈,透明

limpid

1. limpid
If you say that something is limpid , you mean that it is very clear and transparent. (LITERARY)

- ...limpid blue eyes.

- ...limpid rock-pools.

ADJ-GRADED
= translucent

2. limpid
If you describe speech, writing, or music as limpid , you like it because it is clear, simple and flowing. (LITERARY)

- He thought the speech a model of its kind, limpid and unaffected.

ADJ-GRADED approval

linchpin

[D.J.:ˈlintʃpin]

[K.K.:ˈlɪntʃˌpɪn]

n.

关键

linchpin

linchpin linchpins
If you refer to a person or thing as the linchpin of something, you mean that they are the most important person or thing involved in it.

- He's the lynchpin of our team and crucial to my long-term plans.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n also lynchpin .
= mainstay

linden

[D.J.:ˈlindən]

[K.K.:ˈlɪndən]

n.

菩提树

linden *

linden lindens
A linden or a linden tree is a large tree with pale green leaves which is often planted in parks in towns and cities.
N-VAR
= lime

line

[D.J.:lain]

[K.K.:laɪn]

n.

线条, 线, 绳

界线, 边线

方向, 路线

条纹, 皱纹

线路, 电话线

排, 行

家系, 家族

铁路线, 航线, 运输线

(文字的)行

vt.

用线标出, 划线于

使布满纹络[皱纹]

排队, 对齐

给…安衬里

lined

[D.J.:laɪnd]

[K.K.:laɪnd]

adj.

有衬里的,有内衬的

(纸)有横格线的

(脸上)有皱纹的

lines

[lainz]

n.

(演员的)台词

lining

[D.J.:ˈlaɪnɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪnɪŋ]

n.

衬里,里子;衬料,内衬

组织,膜

line *****

1. line lines
A line is a long thin mark which is drawn or painted on a surface.

- Draw a line down that page's center.

- ...a dotted line...

- The ball had clearly crossed the line.

N-COUNT

2. line lines
The lines on someone's skin, especially on their face, are long thin marks that appear there as they grow older.

- He has a large, generous face with deep lines.

- ...fine lines and wrinkles.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= wrinkle

3. line lines
A line of people or things is a number of them arranged one behind the other or side by side.

- The sparse line of spectators noticed nothing unusual.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= row

4. line lines
A line of people or vehicles is a number of them that are waiting one behind another, for example in order to buy something or to go in a particular direction.

- Children clutching empty bowls form a line.

N-COUNT
= queue

5. line lines
A line of a piece of writing is one of the rows of words, numbers, or other symbols in it.

- The next line should read: Five days, 23.5 hours.

- Tina wouldn't have read more than three lines.

N-COUNT

6. line lines
In school, if a child is given lines , he or she is punished by being made to write out a sentence many times or to write out a passage from a book. (BRIT)
N-PLURAL

7. line lines
A line of a poem, song, or play is a group of words that are spoken or sung together. If an actor learns his or her lines for a play or film, they learn what they have to say.

- ...a line from Shakespeare's Othello: `one that loved not wisely but too well'...

- Every time I sing that line, I have to compete with that bloody trombone!.

- Learning lines is very easy. Acting is very difficult.

N-COUNT

8. line lines
A particular type of line in a conversation is a remark that is intended to have a particular effect.

- `In time perhaps you'll marry again'. `That's a great line, coming from you!'.

- ...chat-up lines like `You've got beautiful eyes'.

N-COUNT: with supp

9. line lines
You can refer to a long piece of wire, string, or cable as a line when it is used for a particular purpose.

- She put her washing on the line.

- ...a piece of fishing-line...

- The winds downed power lines.

N-VAR: usu with supp

10. line lines
A line is a connection which makes it possible for two people to speak to each other on the telephone.

- The telephone lines went dead.

- It's not a very good line. Shall we call you back Susan?.

- She's on the line from her home in Boston.

N-COUNT: oft on the N

11. line lines
You can use line to refer to a telephone number which you can ring in order to get information or advice.

- ...the 24-hours information line.

- ...details from Lesbian Line.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

12. line lines
A line is a route, especially a dangerous or secret one, along which people move or send messages or supplies.

- The American continent's geography severely limited the lines of attack.

- Negotiators say they're keeping communication lines open.

- ...the guerrillas' main supply lines.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp
= channel

13. line lines
The line in which something or someone moves is the particular route that they take, especially when they keep moving straight ahead.

- Walk in a straight line.

- The wings were at right angles to the line of flight.

N-COUNT

14. line lines
A line is a particular route, involving the same stations, roads, or stops along which a train or bus service regularly operates.

- They've got to ride all the way to the end of the line.

- Fires broke out at three railway stations, halting service on two commuter lines for several hours.

- I would be able to stay on the Piccadilly Line and get off the tube at South Kensington.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft in names after n

15. line lines
A railway line consists of the pieces of metal and wood which form the track that the trains travel along.

- Leaves on the line are an expensive problem for the railways.

N-COUNT
= track

16. line lines
A shipping, air, or bus line is a company which provides services for transporting people or goods by sea, air, or bus.

- The Foreign Office offered to pay the shipping line all the costs of diverting the ship to Bermuda.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= company

17. line lines
You can use line to refer to the edge, outline, or shape of an object or a person's body. (LITERARY)

- The garden has an informal feel to soften the architectural lines of the conservatory.

- ...a sculptured evening dress that follows the lines of the body.

N-COUNT: with supp

18. line lines
A state or county line is a boundary between two states or counties. (AM)

- ...the California state line.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp
= border

19. line lines
You can use lines to refer to the set of physical defences or the soldiers that have been established along the boundary of an area occupied by an army.

- Their unit was shelling the German lines only seven miles away.

- ...the stupendous fortification they called the Maginot Line.

N-COUNT

20. line lines
The particular line that a person has towards a problem is the attitude that they have towards it. For example, if someone takes a hard line on something, they have a firm strict policy which they refuse to change.

- Forty members of the governing Conservative party rebelled, voting against the government line.

- Even countries, such as Israel, which normally take a hard line on terrorism have given in to demands on occasions.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

21. line lines
You can use line to refer to the way in which someone's thoughts or activities develop, particularly if it is logical.

- Our discussion in the previous chapter continues this line of thinking.

- What are some of the practical benefits likely to be of this line of research?

N-COUNT: usu N of n/-ing

22. line lines
If you say that something happens along particular lines , or on particular lines , you are giving a general summary or approximate account of what happens, which may not be correct in every detail.

- There followed an assortment of praise for the coffee along the lines of `Hey, this coffee is fantastic!'.

- He'd said something on those lines already.

- Our forecast for 1990 was on the right lines.

- The main lines of the plan were a reduction in expenditure and the rationalization of government controls.

N-PLURAL: usu along/on N with supp

23. line lines
If something is organized on particular lines , or along particular lines , it is organized according to that method or principle.

- ...so-called autonomous republics based on ethnic lines.

- ...reorganising old factories to work along Japanese lines.

N-PLURAL: on/along N with supp

24. line lines
Your line of business or work is the kind of work that you do.

- So what was your father's line of business?.

- In my line of work I often get home too late for dinner.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

25. line
If someone says that something is your line , or that it is in your line , they mean that it is the sort of thing that you often do because you enjoy doing it. (INFORMAL)

- Wild guesses aren't much in my line.

- Perhaps doing voluntary work is more your line?

N-SING: poss N

26. line lines
A line is a particular type of product that a company makes or sells.

- His best selling line is the cheapest lager at £1.99.

N-COUNT

27. line
You can use line to refer to something connected with a particular activity. For example, something in the sports line is connected with sports.

- Most kids can do something in the art line.

N-SING: the n N

28. line lines
In a factory, a line is an arrangement of workers or machines where a product passes from one worker to another until it is finished.

- ...a production line capable of producing three different products.

N-COUNT

29. line lines
You can use line to refer to all the generations of a family, especially when you are considering the social status or the physical characteristics that the various members inherit.

- ...the old Welsh royal line descended from Arthur and Uther Pendragon...

- This title will only pass down through the male line.

N-COUNT: with supp

30. line lines
You can use line when you are referring to a number of people who are ranked according to status.

- Nicholas Paul Patrick was seventh in the line of succession to the throne.

- The line of command went from head office in Chicago to a regional boss and then down to a country boss and finally to a local-office managing-partner.

- ...the man who stands next in line for the presidency.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n, ord in N

31. line lines
A particular line of people or things is a series of them that has existed over a period of time, when they have all been similar in some way, or done similar things.

- We were part of a long line of artists.

- It's the latest in a long line of tragedies.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n

32. line lines lining lined
If people or things line a road, room, or other place, they are present in large numbers along its edges or sides.

- Thousands of local people lined the streets and clapped as the procession went by.

- ...a square lined with pubs and clubs.

VB

33. -lined

- ...a long tree-lined drive.

COMB in ADJ

34. line lines lining lined
If you line a wall, container, or other object, you put a layer of something such as leaves or paper on the inside surface of it in order to make it stronger, warmer, or cleaner.

- Scoop the blanket weed out and use it to line hanging baskets.

- Female bears tend to line their dens with leaves or grass.

VB

35. -lined

- ...a dark, suede-lined case.

COMB in ADJ

36. line lines lining lined
If something lines a container or area, especially an area inside a person, animal, or plant, it forms a layer on the inside surface.

- ...the muscles that line the intestines.

VB

37. line
If something happens somewhere along the line or down the line , it happens during the course of a situation or activity, often at a point that cannot be exactly identified.

- Somewhere along the line he picked up an engineering degree.

- It would depend how far down the line the relationship was.

PHR

38. line
If you say that something happens all down the line , or right down the line , you mean that it happens in every case. (INFORMAL)

- Excellent acting all down the line captures the sound and feeling of that semi-feudal age.

- Democrats and Republicans differed right down the line on what the proper responses were.

PHR: n PHR, PHR after v, oft adv PHR

39. line
If you draw the line at a particular activity, you refuse to do it, because you disapprove of it or because it is more extreme than what you normally do.

- Letters have come from prisoners, declaring that they would draw the line at hitting an old lady.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR at n/-ing

40. line
If you draw a line between two things, you make a distinction between them.

- It is, however, not possible to draw a distinct line between the two categories.

PHR: V inflects
= distinguish

41. line
If you drop someone a line , you write to them. (INFORMAL)

- My phone doesn't work, so drop me a line.

PHR: V inflects

42. line
If you do something or if it happens to you in the line of duty , you do it or it happens as part of your regular work or as a result of it.

- More than 3,000 police officers were wounded in the line of duty last year.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

43. line
If you refer to a method as the first line of , for example, defence or treatment, you mean that it is the first or most important method to be used in dealing with a problem.

- Passport checks will remain the first line of defence against terrorists.

- The first line of treatment is to help the affected skin by moisturising it regularly.

PHR: PHR n

44. line
If you are in line for something, it is likely to happen to you or you are likely to obtain it. If something is in line to happen, it is likely to happen.

- He must be in line for a place in the Guinness Book of Records.

- Public sector pay is also in line to be hit hard.

PHR: PHR for n, PHR to-inf
= due

45. line
If one object is in line with others, or moves into line with others, they are arranged in a line. You can also say that a number of objects are in line or move into line .

- The device itself was right under the vehicle, almost in line with the gear lever.

- Venus, the Sun and Earth all moved into line.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v, oft PHR with n

46. line
If one thing is in line with another, or is brought into line with it, the first thing is, or becomes, similar to the second, especially in a way that has been planned or expected.

- The structure of our schools is now broadly in line with the major countries of the world.

- This brings the law into line with most medical opinion.

- ...the economic discipline required to bring currencies into line.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR, oft PHR with n

47. line
When people stand in line or wait in line , they stand one behind the other in a line, waiting their turn for something. (AM; in BRIT use queue )

- I had been standing in line for three hours.

PHR: V inflects

48. line
If you keep someone in line or bring them into line , you make them obey you, or you make them behave in the way you want them to.

- All this was just designed to frighten me and keep me in line.

- ...if the Prime Minister fails to bring rebellious Tories into line.

PHR: PHR after v

49. line
If a machine or piece of equipment comes on line , it starts operating. If it is off line , it is not operating.

- The Energy Secretary hopes to bring on line a safer new tritium production reactor.

- The new machine will go on line in June 1992.

- Every second her equipment was off line cost the company money.

PHR: usu PHR after v

50. line
If you do something on line , you do it using a computer or a computer network.

- They can order their requirements on line.

- ...on-line transaction processing.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR, PHR n

51. line
If something such as your job, career, or reputation is on the line , you may lose or harm it as a result of what you are doing or of the situation you are in. (INFORMAL)

- He wouldn't put his career on the line to help a friend.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR
= at risk at stake

52. line
In a row or group of objects, if one of them is out of line , it is not in its correct position.

- You can see that her nose has been drawn slightly out of line.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

53. line
If one thing is out of line with another, the first thing is different from the second in a way that was not agreed, planned, or expected.

- ...if one set of figures is sharply out of line with a trend.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft PHR with n

54. line
If someone steps out of line , they disobey someone or behave in an unacceptable way.

- Any one of my players who steps out of line will be in trouble with me as well.

- You're way out of line, lady.

PHR: v PHR, v-link PHR

55. line
If you read between the lines , you understand what someone really means, or what is really happening in a situation, even though it is not said openly.

- Reading between the lines she sensed a certain lack of sympathy for the deceased.

PHR: V inflects

lined

1. lined
If someone's face or skin is lined , it has lines on it as a result of old age, tiredness, worry, or illness.

- His lined face was that of an old man.

ADJ-GRADED

2. lined
Lined paper has lines printed across it to help you write neatly.
ADJ

lining **

1. lining linings
The lining of something such as a piece of clothing or a curtain is a layer of cloth attached to the inside of it in order to make it thicker or warmer, or in order to make it hang better.

- ...a padded satin jacket with quilted lining.

N-VAR

2. lining linings
You can use lining to refer to a layer of paper, plastic, metal, or another substance that is attached to the inside of something, for example in order to protect it.

- ...brake linings...

- Moss makes an attractive lining to wire baskets.

N-VAR

3. lining linings
The lining of your stomach or other organ is a layer of tissue on the inside of it.

- ...a bacterium that attacks the lining of the stomach.

- ...the uterine lining.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

line

noun

1.

stroke

band

groove

mark

score

scratch

streak

stripe

2.

wrinkle

crease

crow's foot

furrow

mark

3.

boundary

border

borderline

edge

frontier

limit

4.

string

cable

cord

rope

thread

wire

5.

trajectory

course

direction

path

route

track

6.

job

area

business

calling

employment

field

occupation

profession

specialization

trade

7.

row

column

file

procession

queue

rank

in line for

8.

due for

in the running for

verb

9.

mark

crease

furrow

rule

score

10.

border

bound

edge

fringe

lined

adjective

1.

ruled

feint

2.

wrinkled

furrowed

wizened

worn

lines

plural noun

words

part

script

line up *****

1. line up lines up; lining up; lined up
If people line up or if you line them up , they move so that they are standing in a line.

- The senior leaders lined up behind him in orderly rows.

- The gym teachers lined us up against the cement walls.

- Four members of a family were lined up and shot.

- When he came back the sergeant had lined up the terrorists.

PHR-V-ERG

2. line up lines up; lining up; lined up
If you line things up , you move them into a straight row.

- I would line up my toys on this windowsill and play.

- He finished polishing the cocktail glasses and lined them up behind the bar.

PHR-V

3. line up lines up; lining up; lined up
If you line one thing up with another, or one thing lines up with another, the first thing is moved into its correct position in relation to the second. You can also say that two things line up , or are lined up .

- You have to line the car up with the ones beside you.

- Gas cookers are adjustable in height to line up with your kitchen work top.

- Mahoney had lined up two of the crates.

- When the images line up exactly, the projectors should be fixed in place.

- All we have to do is to get the two pieces lined up properly.

PHR-V-RECIP-ERG

4. line up lines up; lining up; lined up
If you line up an event or activity, you arrange for it to happen. If you line someone up for an event or activity, you arrange for them to be available for that event or activity.

- She lined up executives, politicians and educators to serve on the board of directors.

- Bob Dylan is lining up a two-week UK tour for the New Year.

PHR-V

5. line up lines up; lining up; lined up
If you line up with, behind, or alongside a person or group, you support them. If you line up against a person or group, you oppose them.

- Some surprising names have lined up behind the idea.

- We Spaniards have lined up against each other all too often.

PHR-V

lineage

[D.J.:ˈliniidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈlɪniɪdʒ]

n.

血统,世系

lineage

lineage lineages
Someone's lineage is the series of families from which they are directly descended. (FORMAL)

- They can trace their lineage directly back to the 18th century.

- ...a respectable family of ancient lineage.

N-VAR
= ancestry

lineal

[D.J.:ˈlɪni:əl]

[K.K.:ˈlɪniəl]

adj.

直系的,正统的

用线的,线形的

lineally

adv.

lineally

adv.

直系地,嫡系地

lineal

lineal
A lineal descendant of a particular person or family is someone in a later generation who is directly related to them. (FORMAL)
ADJ: ADJ n
= direct

linear

[ˈliniə]

adj.

线的

长度的

linear *

1. linear
A linear process or development is one in which something changes or progresses straight from one stage to another, and has a starting point and an ending point.

- Her novel subverts the conventions of linear narrative. It has no neat chronology and no tidy denouement.

- ...the linear view of time, with the idea that the past is moving into the present and the present into the future.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ non-linear

2. linear
A linear shape or form consists of straight lines.

- ...the sharp, linear designs of the Seventies and Eighties.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. linear
Linear movement or force occurs in a straight line rather than in a curve.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

linebacker

[D.J.:ˈlainˌbækə]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪnˌbækɚ]

n.

后卫球员

linebacker

linebacker linebackers
In American football, a linebacker is a player who tries to stop members of the other team from scoring by tackling them.
N-COUNT

line dancing

line dancing
Line dancing is a style of dancing in which people move across the floor in a line, accompanied by country and western music.
N-UNCOUNT

line drawing

line drawing line drawings
A line drawing is a drawing which consists only of lines.
N-COUNT

line manager

line manager line managers
Your line manager is the person at work who is in charge of your department, group, or project. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

linen

[D.J.:ˈlinin]

[K.K.:ˈlɪnən]

n.

亚麻布

家庭日用织品

linen **

1. linen linens
Linen is a kind of cloth that is made from a plant called flax. It is used for making clothes and things such as tablecloths and sheets.

- ...a white linen suit.

- ...cottons, woolens, silks and linens.

N-MASS

2. linen
Linen is tablecloths, sheets, pillowcases, and similar things made of cloth that are used in the home.

- ...embroidered bed linen...

- All linens and towels are provided.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
to wash your dirty linen in public : see dirty .

line of sight

line of sight lines of sight
Your line of sight is an imaginary line that stretches between your eye and the object that you are looking at.

- He was trying to keep out of the bird's line of sight.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft with poss
= line of vision

line of vision

line of vision
Your line of vision is the same as your line of sight .

- Any crack in a car windscreen always seems to be right in the driver's line of vision.

N-SING: usu with poss

liner

[D.J.:ˈlainə]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪnɚ]

n.

邮轮, 客轮; 班机

衬里, 衬垫

liner **

liner liners
A liner is a large ship in which people travel long distances, especially on holiday.

- ...luxury ocean liners.

- ...the cruise liner, the QE2.

N-COUNT: oft n N
See also bin liner .

liner note

liner note liner notes
The liner notes on record jackets are short pieces of writing that tell you something about the record or the musicians playing on the record. (AM; in BRIT use sleeve notes )
N-COUNT: usu pl

linesman

[D.J.:ˈlainzmən]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪnzmən]

n.

边线裁判员, 巡边员, 司线员

线务员, 架线工

linesman *

linesman linesmen
A linesman is an official who assists the referee or umpire in games such as soccer, football, and tennis by indicating when the ball goes over the lines around the edge of the field or court.
N-COUNT

line-up

n.

一排人

v.

排成行,排成直线

line-up **

1. line-up line-ups
A line-up is a group of people or a series of things that have been gathered together to be part of a particular event.

- Ryan Giggs is likely to be in Wales's starting line-up for their World Cup qualifying match.

- The programme is back for a new series with a great line-up of musicians and comedy acts.

N-COUNT

2. line-up line-ups
At a line-up , a witness to a crime tries to identify the criminal from among a line of people.

- He failed to identify Graham from photographs, but later picked him out of a police line-up.

N-COUNT
= identity parade

line-up

noun

arrangement

array

row

selection

team

linger

[D.J.:ˈliŋɡə]

[K.K.:ˈlɪŋɡɚ]

vi.

逗留, 徘徊

缓慢消失

lingering

[D.J.:ˈlɪ ŋ gərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɪ ŋɡərɪŋ]

adj.

拖延的;逗留不去的

linger **

1. linger lingers lingering lingered
When something such as an idea, feeling, or illness lingers , it continues to exist for a long time, often much longer than expected.

- The scent of her perfume lingered on in the room.

- A guerrilla war has lingered into its fourth decade.

- He was ashamed. That feeling lingered, and he was never comfortable in church after that.

- He would rather be killed in a race than die a lingering death in hospital.

VB

2. linger lingers lingering lingered
If you linger somewhere, you stay there for a longer time than is necessary, for example because you are enjoying yourself.

- Customers are welcome to linger over coffee until around midnight.

- I lingered on in Atlanta for a few days, spending much of my time with an artist friend.

- It is a dreary little town where few would choose to linger.

VB

linger

verb

1.

stay

hang around

loiter

remain

stop

tarry

wait

2.

delay

dally

dawdle

drag one's feet or heels

idle

take one's time

lingerie

[D.J.:ˌlɑ:nʒəˈreɪ, ˈlɑ:nʒəri:, læŋʒəˈri:]

[K.K.:ˌlɑnʒəˈre, ˈlɑnʒəri, læŋʒəˈri]

n.

女内衣

lingerie *

lingerie
Lingerie is women's underwear and nightclothes.
N-UNCOUNT

lingo

[D.J.:ˈlɪŋgəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈlɪŋɡo]

n.

听不懂的话(指方言、术语等); 隐语;外语

lingo

1. lingo lingos
People sometimes refer to a foreign language, especially one that they do not speak or understand, as a lingo . (INFORMAL)

- I don't speak the lingo.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. lingo
A lingo is a range of words or a style of language which is used in a particular situation or by a particular group of people. (INFORMAL)

- In record-business lingo, that means he wanted to buy the rights to the song and market it.

- ...an author who writes in a lurid lingo, freely punctuated with crude expletives.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, usu with supp

lingua franca

lingua franca
A lingua franca is a language or way of communicating which is used between people who do not speak one another's native language. (FORMAL)

- English is rapidly becoming the lingua franca of Asia.

N-SING

linguist

[D.J.:ˈlɪŋgwɪst]

[K.K.:ˈlɪŋɡwɪst]

n.

通晓数国语言的人

语言学家

linguist *

1. linguist linguists
A linguist is someone who is good at speaking or learning foreign languages.

- Her brother was an accomplished linguist.

N-COUNT

2. linguist linguists
A linguist is someone who studies or teaches linguistics.
N-COUNT

linguistic

[D.J.:liŋˈɡwistik]

[K.K.:lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk]

adj.

语言的, 语言学的, 语言研究的

linguistic *

1. linguistic
Linguistic abilities or ideas relate to language or linguistics.

- ...linguistic skills.

- ...linguistic theory.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. linguistically

- Somalia is an ethnically and linguistically homogeneous nation.

ADV: usu ADV adj/-ed

3. linguistic
Linguistics is the study of the way in which language works.

- Modern linguistics emerged as a distinct field in the nineteenth century.

- ...applied linguistics.

N-UNCOUNT

liniment

[D.J.:ˈlinimənt]

[K.K.:ˈlɪnəmənt]

n.

擦剂,涂抹油

liniment

liniment liniments
Liniment is a liquid that you rub into your skin in order to reduce pain or stiffness.
N-MASS

link

[D.J.:liŋk]

[K.K.:lɪŋk]

vt. & vi.

连接, 联系

n.

环, 联系, 纽带

linked

[D.J.:liŋkt]

[K.K.:lɪŋkt]

adj.

连接的,显示连环遗传的

linking

[D.J.:ˈlɪŋkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɪŋkɪŋ]

n.

耦合, 结合; 联系; 连接;<化>键合

links

[D.J.:liŋks]

[K.K.:lɪŋks]

n.

高尔夫球场,沙丘;链接

link ****

1. link links
If there is a link between two things or situations, there is a relationship between them, for example because one thing causes or affects the other.

- ...the link between smoking and lung cancer.

N-COUNT: usu N between/with n
= connection

2. link links linking linked
If someone or something links two things or situations, there is a relationship between them, for example because one thing causes or affects the other.

- The UN Security Council has linked any lifting of sanctions to compliance with the ceasefire terms.

- The study further strengthens the evidence linking smoking with early death.

- Liver cancer is linked to the hepatitis B virus.

- The detention raised two distinct but closely linked questions.

VB
See also index-linked .

3. link links
A link between two things or places is a physical connection between them.

- ...the high-speed rail link between London and the Channel Tunnel...

- The new road schemes include a link between Chelmsford and the M25.

- Stalin insisted that the radio link with the German Foreign Ministry should remain open.

N-COUNT: oft supp N, usu N between/with n
= connection

4. link links linking linked
If two places or objects are linked or something links them, there is a physical connection between them.

- ...the Rama Road, which links the capital, Managua, with the Caribbean coast...

- The campus is linked by regular bus services to Coventry.

- ...the Channel Tunnel linking Britain and France.

VB
= connect

5. link links
A link between two people, organizations, or places is a friendly or business connection between them.

- Kiev hopes to cement close links with Bonn.

- In 1984 the long link between AC Cars and the Hurlock family was severed.

- A cabinet minister came under investigation for links to the Mafia.

N-COUNT: usu N with/between/to n

6. link links
A link to another person or organization is something that allows you to communicate with them or have contact with them.

- She was my only link with the past.

- The Red Cross was created to provide a link between soldiers in battle and their families at home.

- These projects will provide vital links between companies and universities.

N-COUNT: N with/between/to n

7. link links linking linked
If you link one person or thing to another, you claim that there is a relationship or connection between them.

- Criminologist Dr Ann Jones has linked the crime to social circumstances.

- They've linked her with various men, including magnate Donald Trump.

- ...a report in The Sunday Times linking him with Chinese Triad gangs.

VB

8. link links
In computing, a link is a connection between different documents, or between different parts of the same document, using hypertext.
N-COUNT

9. link links
A link is one of the rings in a chain.
N-COUNT

10. link links linking linked
If two or more people link arms , or if one person links arms with another, they stand next to each other, and each person puts their arm round the arm of the person next to them.

- She linked her arm through his.

- He linked the fingers of his hands together on his gross stomach.

- It was so slippery that some of the walkers linked arms and proceeded very carefully.

- She stayed with them, linking arms with the two girls, joking with the boys.

PHR-RECIP: pl-n PHR, PHR with n

link

noun

1.

component

constituent

element

member

part

piece

2.

connection

affinity

association

attachment

bond

relationship

tie-up

verb

3.

fasten

attach

bind

connect

couple

join

tie

unite

4.

associate

bracket

connect

identify

relate

link up ****

1. link up links up; linking up; linked up
If you link up with someone, you join them for a particular purpose.

- They linked up with a series of local anti-nuclear and anti-apartheid groups.

- The Russian and American armies linked up for the first time on the banks of the river Elbe.

PHR-V-RECIP
= join

2. link up links up; linking up; linked up
If one thing is linked up to another, the two things are connected to each other.

- The television screens of the next century will be linked up to an emerging world telecommunications grid.

PHR-V: usu passive
= connect

linkage

[D.J.:ˈliŋkidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈlɪŋkɪdʒ]

n.

连接; 结合; 联系

联动装置

linkage *

1. linkage linkages
A linkage between two things is a link or connection between them. The linkage of two things is the act of linking or connecting them.

- No one disputes the direct linkage between the unemployment rate and crime.

- We're trying to establish linkages between these groups and financial institutions.

- ...the creation of new research materials by the linkage of previously existing sources.

N-VAR: oft N between/with/of n

2. linkage
Linkage is an arrangement where one country agrees to do something only if another country agrees to do something in return.

- There is no formal linkage between the two agreements.

- He insisted that there could be no linkage with other Mideast problems.

- Western diplomats firmly reject any linkage.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N between/with n

linking verb

linking verb linking verbs
A linking verb is a verb which links the subject of a clause and a complement. `Be', `seem', and `become' are linking verbs.
N-COUNT (BRIT) also link verb
= copula

linking word

linking word linking words
A linking word is a word which shows a connection between clauses or sentences. `However', `the former', and `so' are linking words.
N-COUNT (BRIT) also link word

link-up

n.

联系，连接

link-up *

1. link-up link-ups
A link-up is a connection between two machines or communication systems.

- ...a live satellite link-up with Bonn.

- ...computer link-ups with banks in Spain, Portugal, and France.

N-COUNT: oft N with/between n

2. link-up link-ups
A link-up is a relationship or partnership between two organizations.

- ...new link-ups between school and commerce...

- The US airline has just announced a formal link-up with British Airways.

N-COUNT: oft N with/between n

lino

[ˈlainəu]

n.

亚麻油地毡,漆布

lino

lino
Lino is the same as linoleum . (BRIT)

- ...lino floors.

- ...the dirty lino on the floor of the kitchen.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

linoleum

[D.J.:lɪˈnəʊli:əm]

[K.K.:lɪˈnoliəm]

n.

油地毯

linoleumed

adj.

linoleum

linoleum
Linoleum is a floor covering which is made of cloth covered with a hard shiny substance.

- ...a gray linoleum floor.

- ...black-and-white squares of linoleum.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n
= lino

linseed oil

linseed oil
Linseed oil is an oil made from seeds of the flax plant. It is used to make paints and inks, or to rub into wooden surfaces to protect them.
N-UNCOUNT

lint

[D.J.:lɪnt]

[K.K.:lɪnt]

n.

(保护伤口的)软麻布

棉绒

lint

1. lint
Lint is cotton or linen fabric which you can put on your skin if you have a cut.
N-UNCOUNT

2. lint
Lint is small unwanted threads or fibres that collect on clothes. (mainly AM)
N-UNCOUNT
= fluff

lintel

[D.J.:ˈlintl]

[K.K.:ˈlɪntl]

n.

楣,过梁

lintel

lintel lintels
A lintel is a piece of stone or wood over a door or window which supports the bricks above the door or window.
N-COUNT

lion

[D.J.:ˈlaiən]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪən]

n.

狮子

lion **

lion lions
A lion is a large wild member of the cat family that is found in Africa. Lions have yellowish fur, and male lions have long hair on their head and neck.
N-COUNT

lioness

[D.J.:ˈlaiənis]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪənɪs]

n.

母狮

lioness

lioness lionesses
A lioness is a female lion.
N-COUNT

lionize

[D.J.:ˈlaɪəˌnaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪəˌnaɪz]

vt.

把…视做要人；捧人

lionize

lionize lionizes lionizing lionized
If someone is lionized , they are treated as if they are very important or special by a particular group of people, often when they do not really deserve to be. (FORMAL)

- By the 1920's, he was lionised by literary London.

- The press began to lionize him enthusiastically.

- In 1936, Max Schmeling had been lionised as boxing's great hope.

VB (BRIT) also lionise
= fete

lion's share *

lion's share
If a person, group, or project gets the lion's share of something, they get the largest part of it, leaving very little for other people.

- Military and nuclear research have received the lion's share of public funding.

N-SING: usu the N of n

lip

[D.J.:lip]

[K.K.:lɪp]

n.

嘴唇

边缘

lip ***

1. lip lips
Your lips are the two outer parts of the edge of your mouth.

- Wade stuck the cigarette between his lips.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft poss N

2. lip lips
The lip of something such as a container or a high area of land is its edge.

- ...the lip of the jug.

- ...the lip of Mount Etna's smouldering crater.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n
= rim

3. lip
If you bite your lip , you try very hard not to show the anger or distress that you are feeling.

- She bit her lip as she recalled the words he'd thrown at her.

PHR: V inflects

4. lip
If you say that something is on everyone's lips , you mean that a lot of people seem to be interested in it and are talking about it.

- A reporter asks the president the question on everyone's lips: `Do you anticipate being re-appointed?'.

- He is the guy whose name is on everyone's lips at the moment.

PHR: v-link PHR

5. lip
If you lick your lips , you move your tongue across your lips as you think about or taste something pleasant.

- They licked their lips in anticipation.

- We swallowed the chocolates in one gulp, licking our lips.

PHR: V inflects

6. lip
If you tell someone that your lips are sealed , you are promising them that you will keep a secret that they have told you.

- As for anything told to me in confidence, well, my lips are sealed.

PHR

7. lip
If you say that someone is keeping a stiff upper lip , you mean that they are not showing any emotion even though it is difficult for them not to.
PHR: usu v PHR, v-link PHR

lip

noun

1.

edge

brim

brink

margin

rim

2.

impudence

backchat informal

cheek informal

effrontery

impertinence

insolence

lip gloss

lip gloss lip glosses
Lip gloss is a clear or very slightly coloured substance that some women put on their lips to make them shiny.
N-MASS

liposuction

[D.J.:ˈlɪpəʊˌsʌkʃən, ˈlaɪpəʊ-]

[K.K.:ˈlɪpoˌsʌkʃən, ˈlaɪpo-]

脂肪抽吸[术]

liposuction

liposuction
Liposuction is a form of cosmetic surgery where fat is removed from a particular area of the body by dissolving it with special chemicals and then sucking it out with a tube.
N-UNCOUNT

-lipped

-lipped
-lipped combines with adjectives to form other adjectives which describe the sort of lips that someone has.

- A thin-lipped smile spread over the captain's face.

- ...his full-lipped mouth.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED
See also tight-lipped .

lippy

[ˈlipi]

adj.

〈俚〉爱顶嘴的,出言不逊的

lippy

1. lippy
If someone is lippy , they speak to other people in a way that shows no respect. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Bruce Willis plays a lippy cop battling it out with a female partner.

ADJ-GRADED

2. lippy lippies
Lippy is short for lipstick . (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-MASS

lip-read

[D.J.:ˈlɪpˌri:d]

[K.K.:ˈlɪpˌrid]

vt.

信赖,信任;信托

lip-reading

读唇

lip-read

1. lip-read lip-reads lip-reading lip-read
If someone can lip-read , they are able to understand what someone else is saying by looking at the way the other person's lips move as they speak, without actually hearing any of the words.

- They are not given hearing aids or taught to lip-read.

VB The form lip-read is pronounced

2. lip reading

- The teacher should not move around too much as this makes lip reading more difficult.

N-UNCOUNT

lip service *

lip service
If you say that someone pays lip service to an idea, you are critical of them because they say they are in favour of it, but they do not do anything to support it.

- Unhappily, he had done no more than pay lip service to their views.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N to n/-ing disapproval

lipstick

[D.J.:ˈlipstik]

[K.K.:ˈlɪpˌstɪk]

n.

口红, 唇膏

lipstick **

1. lipstick lipsticks
Lipstick is a coloured substance in the form of a stick which women put on their lips.

- She was wearing red lipstick.

- ...glossy lipsticks made from natural oils and waxes.

N-MASS

2. lipstick lipsticks
A lipstick is a small tube containing this substance.
N-COUNT

liquefied

[ˈlikwifaid]

adj.

液化的

liquefy

[D.J.:ˈlɪkwəˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈlɪkwəˌfaɪ]

vt. & vi.

液化;溶解

liquefying

液化

liquefy

liquefy liquefies liquefying liquefied
When a gas or solid substance liquefies or is liquefied , it changes its form and becomes liquid.

- Heat the jam until it liquefies.

- You can liquefy the carbon dioxide to separate it from the other constituents.

- ...a truck carrying liquefied petroleum gas.

V-ERG

liqueur

[D.J.:lɪˈkɜ:, -ˈkjʊə]

[K.K.:lɪˈkə.., -ˈkjʊr]

n.

烈性酒

liqueur *

1. liqueur liqueurs
A liqueur is a strong alcoholic drink with a sweet taste. You drink it after a meal.

- ...liqueurs such as Grand Marnier and Kirsch.

- ...small glasses of liqueur.

N-MASS

2. liqueur liqueurs
A liqueur is a glass of liqueur.

- `What about a liqueur with your coffee?' suggested the waitress.

N-COUNT

3. liqueur liqueurs
Liqueurs are a type of chocolate. They contain a sweet substance that has the flavour of an alcoholic liqueur.

- ...two boxes of liqueurs.

N-COUNT

liquid

[D.J.:ˈlikwid]

[K.K.:ˈlɪkwɪd]

n.

液体

adj.

液体的, 液态的

清澈的, 明亮的

(声音)流畅的

易转换成现款的, 流动的

liquid **

1. liquid liquids
A liquid is a substance which is not solid but which flows and can be poured, for example water.

- Drink plenty of liquid.

- Boil for 20 minutes until the liquid has reduced by half.

- Solids turn to liquids at certain temperatures.

N-MASS

2. liquid
A liquid substance is in the form of a liquid rather than being solid or a gas.

- Wash in warm water with liquid detergent.

- ...liquid nitrogen...

- Fats are solid at room temperature, and oil is liquid at room temperature.

ADJ

3. liquid
Liquid assets are the things that a person or company owns which can be quickly turned into cash if necessary. (TECHNICAL)

- The bank had sufficient liquid assets to continue operations.

ADJ

liquid

noun Slang

1.

fluid

juice

solution

adjective

2.

fluid

aqueous

flowing

melted

molten

running

runny

3.

convertible

negotiable

liquidate

[D.J.:ˈlɪkwɪˌdeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈlɪkwɪˌdet]

vt.

清偿, 结算

清算

清除(某人), 消灭

liquidation

[D.J.:ˌlɪkwɪˈdeɪʃɵn]

n.

清偿,结算;清算,清除

liquidate *

1. liquidate liquidates liquidating liquidated
To liquidate a company is to close it down and sell all its assets, usually because it is in debt. (TECHNICAL)

- A unanimous vote was taken to liquidate the company.

VB

2. liquidation liquidations

- The company went into liquidation.

- The number of company liquidations rose 11 per cent.

N-VAR

3. liquidate liquidates liquidating liquidated
If a company liquidates its assets, its property such as buildings or machinery is sold in order to get money. (TECHNICAL)

- The company closed down operations and began liquidating its assets in January.

VB

4. liquidate liquidates liquidating liquidated
If someone in a position of power liquidates people who are causing problems, they get rid of them, usually by killing them.

- They have not hesitated in the past to liquidate their rivals.

VB
= eliminate

liquidate

verb Of assets

1.

pay

clear

discharge

honour

pay off

settle

square

2.

dissolve

abolish

annul

cancel

terminate

3.

kill

destroy

dispatch

eliminate

exterminate

get rid of

murder

wipe out informal

liquidator

[D.J.:ˈlɪkwɪdeɪtə]

n.

(公司债务)清算人

liquidator *

liquidator liquidators
A liquidator is a person who is responsible for settling the affairs of a company that is being liquidated.
N-COUNT

liquid crystal

liquid crystal liquid crystals
A liquid crystal is a liquid that has some of the qualities of crystals, for example reflecting light from different directions in different ways.
N-COUNT

liquid crystal display

liquid crystal display liquid crystal displays
A liquid crystal display is a display of information on a screen, which uses liquid crystals that become visible when electricity is passed through them.
N-COUNT also liquid-crystal display .
= LCD

liquidity

[D.J.:liˈkwiditi]

[K.K.:lɪˈkwɪdɪti]

n.

〈财〉资产折现力, 资产流动性

流动性

liquidity *

liquidity
In finance, a company's liquidity is the amount of cash or liquid assets it has easily available. (TECHNICAL)

- The company maintains a high degree of liquidity.

- ...serious liquidity problems.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

liquidize

[D.J.:ˈlɪkwɪˌdaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈlɪkwɪˌdaɪz]

vt.

把(尤指水果或蔬菜等)榨成汁

liquidize

liquidize liquidizes liquidizing liquidized
If you liquidize food, you process it using an electrical appliance in order to make it liquid.

- Liquidize the mixture and then pass it through a sieve.

VB (BRIT) also liquidise

liquidizer

n.

榨汁机

liquidizer

liquidizer liquidizers
A liquidizer is an electric machine that you use to liquidize food. (mainly BRIT; in AM use blender )
N-COUNT (BRIT) also liquidiser

liquor

[D.J.:ˈlikə]

[K.K.:ˈlɪkɚ]

n.

酒, 烈性酒

liquor *

liquor liquors
Strong alcoholic drinks such as whisky, vodka, and gin can be referred to as liquor . (AM; in BRIT use spirits )

- The room was filled with cases of liquor.

- ...intoxicating liquors.

N-MASS

liquor

noun

1.

alcohol

booze informal

drink

hard stuff informal

spirits

strong drink

2.

juice

broth

extract

liquid

stock

liquor store

liquor store liquor stores
A liquor store is a store which sells beer, wine, and other alcoholic drinks. (AM; in BRIT use off-licence )
N-COUNT

lira

[D.J.:ˈliərə]

[K.K.:ˈlɪrə, ˈlirɑ]

n.

(意大利和土耳其的货币单位)里拉

lira *

1. lira lire
The lira is the unit of money that is used in Italy. Turkey and Syria also have a unit of money called a lira .

- It only cost me 400,000 lire.

- New coin-operated telephones take 100, 200 and 500 lire coins.

N-COUNT: usu num N

2. lira
The lira is also used to refer to the Italian currency system, and sometimes to the currency system of other countries which use the lira.

- The franc has been under no pressure compared with the lira and the pound.

N-SING: the N

lisp

[D.J.:lɪsp]

[K.K.:lɪsp]

n.

咬舌,口齿不清(把s音发成th音)

vt. & vi.

(说话)咬舌(把s音发成th音)

lisping

[ˈlispiŋ]

n.

口齿不清的发音

adj.

口齿不清的,咬舌的

lisp

1. lisp lisps
If someone has a lisp , they pronounce the sounds `s' and `z' as if they were `th'. For example, they say `thing' instead of `sing'.

- He has a slight lisp.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. lisp lisps lisping lisped
If someone lisps , they say something with a lisp or speak with a lisp.

- The little man, upset, was lisping badly.

- Bochmann lisped his congratulations.

- ...her low, lisping voice.

VB

list

[D.J.:list]

[K.K.:lɪst]

n.

一览表, 目录, 名单, 清单

vt.

列出, 列入, 把…编列成表

listed

[ˈlistid]

adj.

列出的

listing

[D.J.:ˈlɪstɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɪstɪŋ]

n.

列表;名单;(刊印在报纸上的如电影、戏剧和展览会等情况的)—览表,目录

(名单中的)一个位置

lists

[lists]

n.

竞技场

list *****

1. list lists
A list of things such as names or addresses is a set of them which all belong to a particular category, written down one below the other.

- We are making a list of the top ten men we would not want to be married to.

- There were six names on the list.

- ...fine wine from the hotel's exhaustive wine list.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
See also Civil List , hit list , honours list , laundry list , mailing list , shopping list , waiting list .

2. list lists
A list of things is a set of them that you think of as being in a particular order.

- High on the list of public demands is to end military control of broadcasting.

- I would have thought if they were looking for redundancies I would be last on the list.

- `First City' joined a long list of failed banks.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

3. list lists listing listed
To list several things such as reasons or names means to write or say them one after another, usually in a particular order.

- The pupils were asked to list the sports they loved most and hated most.

- Ingredients are listed in order of the amount used.

VB

4. list lists listing listed
To list something in a particular way means to include it in that way in a list or report.

- A medical examiner has listed the deaths as homicides.

- He was not listed under his real name on the residents panel.

VB

5. list lists listing listed
In sailing, if something, especially a ship, lists , it leans over to one side. (TECHNICAL)

- The ship listed again, and she was thrown back across the bunk.

VB

6. list
Also a noun.

- The ship's list was so strong now that almost at once she stumbled.

N-SING

listed

listed
In Britain, a listed building is protected by law against being destroyed or altered because it is historically or architecturally important.

- ...a Grade II Listed 17th century farmhouse.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

listing **

listing listings
A listing is a published list, or an item in a published list.

- A full listing of the companies will be published quarterly.

- For details of the nearest performance look in the local listings magazines.

N-COUNT

list

noun

1.

register

catalogue

directory

index

inventory

record

roll

series

tally

verb

2.

tabulate

catalogue

enter

enumerate

itemize

record

register

list

verb

1.

lean

careen

heel over

incline

tilt

tip

noun

2.

tilt

cant

leaning

slant

listen

[D.J.:ˈlisn]

[K.K.:ˈlɪsən]

vi.

倾听; 留心听

听信, 听从

listener

[D.J.:ˈlisnə]

n.

倾听者, 收听者

listening

[ˈlisniŋ]

adj.

收听的, 收听无线电广播的

助听用的

listen ****

1. listen listens listening listened
If you listen to someone who is talking or to a sound, you give your attention to them or it.

- He spent his time listening to the radio.

- Sonia was not listening.

VB

2. listener listeners

- One or two listeners had fallen asleep while the President was speaking.

N-COUNT

3. listen listens listening listened
If you listen for a sound, you keep alert and are ready to hear it if it occurs.

- We listen for footsteps approaching.

- They're both asleep upstairs, but you don't mind listening just in case of trouble, do you?

VB

4. listen out; listens out; listening out; listened out
Listen out means the same as listen . (BRIT)

- I didn't really listen out for the lyrics.

PHR-V

5. listen listens listening listened
If you listen to someone, you do what they advise you to do, or you believe them.

- Anne, you need to listen to me this time.

- When I asked him to stop, he would not listen.

VB

6. listen
You say listen when you want someone to pay attention to you because you are going to say something important.

- Listen, I finish at one.

CONVENTION
= look

7. listen
You say listen up when you want someone to listen to what you are going to say. (AM, SPOKEN)

- Okay, listen up, guys. We've got to talk a little about how you look.

CONVENTION

8. listen
You say listen here when you are going to say something important to someone, especially when you are angry at what they have done or said.

- Listen here, young lady. Don't you call me that!

CONVENTION feelings
= look here

listener **

1. listener listeners
A listener is a person who listens to the radio or to a particular radio programme.

- I'm a regular listener to her show.

- Each week Dr Buczacki chooses a listener's question and gives a detailed answer.

N-COUNT

2. listener listeners
If you describe someone as a good listener , you mean that they listen carefully and sympathetically to you when you talk, for example about your problems.

- Dr Brian was a good listener.

- If you can be a sympathetic listener, it may put your own problems in perspective.

N-COUNT: adj N

listen

verb

1.

hear

attend

lend an ear

prick up one's ears

2.

pay attention

heed

mind

obey

observe

take notice

listen in ****

listen in listens in; listening in; listened in
If you listen in to a private conversation, you secretly listen to it.

- He assigned federal agents to listen in on Martin Luther King's phone calls.

PHR-V
= eavesdrop

listenable

[D.J.:ˈlisənəbl]

[K.K.:ˈlɪsənəbəl]

adj.

值得一听的

listenable

listenable
If something is listenable , it is very pleasant to listen to.

- It's an eminently listenable CD -- I put it on while driving and let it play three times through without pause.

ADJ-GRADED

listless

[D.J.:ˈlɪstlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈlɪstlɪs]

adj.

倦怠的, 无精打采的, 冷淡的

listlessly

adv.

无精打采地,冷淡地

listlessness

精神萎靡

listless *

1. listless
Someone who is listless has no energy or enthusiasm.

- He was listless and pale and wouldn't eat much.

ADJ-GRADED

2. listlessly

- Usually, you would just sit listlessly, too hot to do anything else.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. listlessness

- Amy was distressed by Helen's listlessness.

N-UNCOUNT

listless

adjective

languid

apathetic

indifferent

indolent

lethargic

sluggish

list price

list price list prices
The list price of an item is the price which the manufacturer suggests that a shopkeeper should charge for it.
N-COUNT

lit

[D.J.:lɪt]

[K.K.:lɪt]

(light的过去式和过去分词)

lit

lit
Lit is a past tense and past participle of light .

litany

[D.J.:ˈlitəni]

[K.K.:ˈlɪtni]

n.

连祷; 启应式祈祷

(英国国教公祷书中的)连祷文

唠唠叨叨的抱怨

litany *

1. litany litanies
If you describe what someone says, especially when it is a long list of things, as a litany , you mean that you have often heard it repeated, and you think it is boring or insincere.

- She remained in the doorway, listening to his litany of complaints against her client.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n disapproval

2. litany litanies
A litany is part of a church service in which the priest says a set group of words and the people reply, also using a set group of words.
N-COUNT

lite

[D.J.:laɪt]

[K.K.:laɪt]

adj.

清淡的,低盐的

lite

lite
Lite is used to describe foods or drinks that contain few calories or low amounts of sugar, fat, or alcohol.

- ...lite beer.

- ...lite yogurt.

ADJ

literacy

[D.J.:ˈlitərəsi]

[K.K.:ˈlɪtərəsi]

n.

识字, 有文化, 会读写

literacy *

literacy
Literacy is the ability to read and write.

- Many adults have some problems with literacy and numeracy.

- The literacy rate there is the highest in Central America.

N-UNCOUNT

literacy

noun

education

knowledge

learning

literal

[D.J.:ˈlitərəl]

[K.K.:ˈlɪtərəl]

adj.

照字面的, 原义的

逐字的

literal *

1. literal
The literal sense of a word or phrase is its most basic sense.

- In many cases, the people there are fighting, in a literal sense, for their homes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. literal
A literal translation is one in which you translate each word of the original work rather than giving the meaning of each expression or sentence using words that sound natural.

- A literal translation of the name Tapies is `walls.'

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. literal
You use literal to describe someone who uses or understands words in a plain and simple way.

- Dennis is a very literal person.

ADJ-GRADED

4. literal
If you describe something as the literal truth or a literal fact, you are emphasizing that it is true.

- He was saying no more than the literal truth.

ADJ: usu ADJ n emphasis

literal

adjective

1.

exact

accurate

close

faithful

strict

verbatim

word for word

2.

actual

bona fide

genuine

plain

real

simple

true

unvarnished

literally

[D.J.:ˈlitərəli]

[K.K.:ˈlɪtərəli]

adv.

逐字地; 照字面地

确实地, 真正地

literally **

1. literally
You can use literally to emphasize an exaggeration. Some careful speakers of English think that this use is incorrect.

- We've got to get the economy under control or it will literally eat us up.

- The views are literally breath-taking.

ADV: ADV with cl/group (not last in cl), ADV before v emphasis

2. literally
You use literally to emphasize that what you are saying is true, even though it seems exaggerated or surprising.

- Putting on an opera is a tremendous enterprise involving literally hundreds of people.

- I literally crawled to the car.

ADV: ADV with cl/group (not last in cl), ADV before v emphasis

3. literally
If a word or expression is translated literally , its most simple or basic meaning is translated.

- The word `volk' translates literally as `folk'.

- A stanza is, literally, a room.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV with cl

4. literally
If you take something literally , you think that a word or expression is being used with its most simple or basic meaning.

- If you tell a person to `step on it' or `throw on your coat,' they may take you literally, with disastrous consequences.

PHR: V inflects

literally

adverb

strictly

actually

exactly

faithfully

precisely

really

to the letter

truly

verbatim

word for word

literary

[D.J.:ˈlitərəri]

[K.K.:ˈlɪtəˌrɛri]

adj.

文学(上)的

精通文学的

literary ***

1. literary
Literary means concerned with or connected with the writing, study, or appreciation of literature.

- Her literary criticism focuses on the way great literature suggests ideas.

- She's the literary editor of the `Sunday Review'.

- ...a literary masterpiece.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. literary
Literary words and expressions are often unusual in some way and are used to create a special effect in a piece of writing such as a poem, speech, or novel.
ADJ-GRADED

literary

adjective

well-read

bookish

erudite

formal

learned

scholarly

literary criticism

literary criticism.
Literary criticism is the academic study of the techniques used in the creation of literature.
N-UNCOUNT

literate

[D.J.:ˈlitərit]

[K.K.:ˈlɪtərɪt]

adj.

有读写能力的

有文化修养的

literate *

1. literate
Someone who is literate is able to read and write.

- Over one-quarter of the adult population are not fully literate.

ADJ
≠ illiterate

2. literate
If you describe someone as literate , you mean that they are intelligent and well-educated, especially about literature and the arts.

- Scientists should be literate and articulate as well as able to handle figures.

- His lyrics are highly literate. He even quotes Voltaire.

ADJ-GRADED approval
≠ illiterate

3. literate
If you describe someone as literate in a particular subject, especially one that many people do not know anything about, you mean that they have a good knowledge and understanding of that subject.

- Head teachers need to be financially literate.

- We want to have more scientifically literate people running our television stations.

ADJ-GRADED: usu adv ADJ
See also computer-literate .

literate

adjective

educated

informed

knowledgeable

literati

[D.J.:ˌlɪtəˈrɑ:ti:]

[K.K.:ˌlɪtəˈrɑti]

n.

知识界,文人学士

literati

literati
Literati are well-educated people who are interested in literature.

- That Walter Scott was a fervent Tory is something of an embarrassment to the leftist literati.

N-PLURAL disapproval

literature

[D.J.:ˈlitəritʃə]

[K.K.:ˈlɪtərəˌtʃʊr, -tʃɚ]

n.

文学, 文学作品

文献, 图书资料

literature ***

1. literature literatures
Novels, plays, and poetry are referred to as literature , especially when they are considered to be good or important.

- ...classic works of literature.

- ...a Professor of English Literature...

- It may not be great literature but it certainly had me riveted!.

- I have spent my life getting to know diverse literatures of different epochs.

N-VAR

2. literature
The literature on a particular subject of study is all the books and articles that have been published about it.

- The literature on immigration policy is almost unrelievedly critical of the state.

- This work is documented in the scientific literature.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

3. literature
Literature is written information produced by people who want to sell you something or give you advice.

- I am sending you literature from two other companies that provide a similar service.

- Some companies have toned down the claims on their promotional literature.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

literature

noun

writings

letters

lore

lithe

[D.J.:laɪð]

[K.K.:laɪð]

adj.

柔软的,易弯曲的

lithe

lithe
A lithe person is able to move and bend their body easily and gracefully.

- ...a lithe young gymnast...

- His walk was lithe and graceful.

ADJ-GRADED
= agile

lithe

adjective

supple

flexible

limber

lissom(e)

loose-limbed

pliable

lithograph

[D.J.:ˈliθəɡrɑ:f]

[K.K.:ˈlɪθəˌɡræf]

n.

平版印刷品

vt.

用平版印刷

lithograph

lithograph lithographs
A lithograph is a printed picture made by the method of lithography.
N-COUNT

lithographic

[ˌliθəˈɡræfik]

adj.

平版印刷的,平版的

lithography

[D.J.:liˈθɔɡrəfi]

[K.K.:lɪˈθɑɡrəfi]

n.

平版印刷术

lithography

1. lithography
Lithography is a method of printing in which a piece of stone or metal is specially treated so that ink sticks to some parts of it and not to others.
N-UNCOUNT

2. lithographic

- The book's 85 colour lithographic plates look staggeringly fresh and bold.

ADJ: ADJ n

Lithuanian

[ˌliθju(:)ˈeiniən]

n.

立陶宛（前苏联加盟共和国）人

adj.

立陶宛的,立陶宛人的,立陶宛语的

Lithuanian ***

1. Lithuanian
Lithuanian means belonging or relating to Lithuania, or to its people, language, or culture.

- ...the Lithuanian parliament.

ADJ

2. Lithuanian Lithuanians
A Lithuanian is a Lithuanian citizen, or a person of Lithuanian origin.
N-COUNT

3. Lithuanian
Lithuanian is the language spoken by people who live in Lithuania.
N-UNCOUNT

litigant

[D.J.:ˈlɪtɪgənt]

[K.K.:ˈlɪtɪɡənt]

n.

诉讼当事人

adj.

进行诉讼的

litigant

litigant litigants
A litigant is a person who is involved in a civil legal case, either because they are making a formal complaint about someone, or because a complaint is being made about them. (LEGAL)
N-COUNT

litigant

noun

claimant

party

plaintiff

litigate

[D.J.:ˈlitiɡeit]

[K.K.:ˈlɪtɪˌɡet]

v.

提出诉讼

litigate

litigate litigates litigating litigated
To litigate means to take legal action. (LEGAL)

- ...the cost of litigating personal injury claims in the county court...

- If we have to litigate, we will.

VB

litigate

verb

sue

go to court

press charges

prosecute

litigation

[D.J.:ˌlitiˈgeiʃən]

n.

<律>打官司

诉讼

litigation *

litigation
Litigation is the process of fighting or defending a case in a civil court of law.

- The settlement ends more than four years of litigation on behalf of the residents.

N-UNCOUNT

litigation

noun

lawsuit

action

case

prosecution

litigator

litigator litigators
A litigator is a lawyer who helps someone take legal action. (LEGAL)
N-COUNT

litigious

[D.J.:lɪˈtɪdʒəs]

[K.K.:lɪˈtɪdʒəs]

adj.

好打官司的

好争论的

litigious

litigious
Someone who is litigious often makes formal complaints about people to a civil court of law. (FORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED

litmus test

litmus test litmus tests
If you say that something is a litmus test of something such as the quality or success of a particular thing, you mean that it is an effective and definite way of proving it or measuring it.

- Ending the fighting must be the absolute priority, the litmus test of the agreements' validity.

- The success of wind power represents a litmus test for renewable energy.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of/for n

litre

[D.J.:ˈli:tə]

[K.K.:ˈlitɚ]

n.

升

litre **

litre litres
A litre is a metric unit of volume that is a thousand cubic centimetres. It is equal to 1.76 British pints or 2.11 American pints.

- ...15 litres of water...

- This tax would raise petrol prices by about 3.5p per litre.

- ...a Ford Escort with a 1.9-litre engine.

N-COUNT: num N, oft N of n (AM) liter

litter

[D.J.:ˈlitə]

[K.K.:ˈlɪtɚ]

n.

废弃物; 垃圾

杂乱, 凌乱

一窝

vt. & vi.

使杂乱; 乱丢杂物

litter **

1. litter
Litter is rubbish that is left lying around outside.

- If you see litter in the corridor, pick it up.

- On Wednesday we cleared a beach and woodland of litter.

N-UNCOUNT
= rubbish

2. litter
A litter of things is a quantity of them that are lying around in a disorganized way.

- He pushed aside the litter of books and papers and laid two places at the table.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. litter litters littering littered
If a number of things litter a place, they are scattered untidily around it or over it.

- Glass from broken bottles litters the pavement.

VB

4. littered

- The entrance hall is littered with toys and wellington boots.

- Concrete purpose-built resorts are littered across the mountainsides.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep

5. litter
If something is littered with things, it contains many examples of it.

- History is littered with men and women spurred into achievement by a father's disregard.

- Charles' speech is littered with lots of marketing buzzwords like `package' and `product'.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with n
= full of

6. litter litters
A litter is a group of animals born to the same mother at the same time.

- ...a litter of pups.

N-COUNT

7. litter
Litter is a dry substance that you put in the container where you want your cat to go to the toilet.
N-UNCOUNT

litter

noun

1.

rubbish

debris

detritus

garbage chiefly U.S.

muck

refuse

trash

2.

brood

offspring

progeny

young

verb

3.

clutter

derange

disarrange

disorder

mess up

4.

scatter

strew

litter bin

litter bin litter bins
A litter bin is a container, usually in a street, park, or public building, into which people can put rubbish. (BRIT; in AM use trash can )
N-COUNT
= rubbish bin

little

[D.J.:ˈlitl]

[K.K.:ˈlɪtl]

adj.

小的, 幼小的, 矮小的

(时间、距离)短的

琐碎的, 微不足道的

pron.

少量, 些许

adv.

少到几乎没有, 毫不, 难得, 很少

little 1 determiner, quantifier, and adverb uses *****

1. little
You use little to indicate that there is only a very small amount of something. You can use `so', `too', and `very' in front of little .

- I had little money and little free time.

- I find that I need very little sleep these days.

- There is little doubt that a diet high in fibre is more satisfying.

- So far little progress has been made towards ending the fighting.

- The pudding is quick and easy and needs little attention once in the oven.

DET: DET n-uncount
≠ a lot of

2. little
Also a quantifier.

- Little of the existing housing is of good enough quality.

- They claim that little of the $16.5 million dollars in aid sent by the US government has reached them.

QUANT: QUANT of def-n
≠ much

3. little
Also a pronoun.

- He ate little, and drank less.

- In general, employers do little to help the single working mother.

- Little is known about his childhood.

PRON

4. little
Little means not very often or to only a small extent.

- On their way back to Marseille they spoke very little.

- Only Africa is at present little affected by hard drugs.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. little
A little of something is a small amount of it, but not very much. You can also say a very little .

- Mrs Caan needs a little help getting her groceries home.

- A little food would do us all some good.

- ...a little light reading...

- I shall be only a very little time.

DET: DET n-uncount

6. little
Also a pronoun.

- They get paid for it. Not much. Just a little.

PRON

7. little
Also a quantifier.

- Pour a little of the sauce over the chicken.

- I'm sure she won't mind sparing us a little of her time.

QUANT: QUANT of def-n-uncount/sing
≠ a lot

8. little
If you do something a little , you do it for a short time.

- He walked a little by himself in the garden.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

9. little
A little or a little bit means to a small extent or degree.

- He complained a little of a nagging pain between his shoulder blades.

- He was a little bit afraid of his father's reaction.

- If you have to drive when you are tired, go a little more slowly than you would normally.

- He wanted to have someone to whom he could talk a little about himself.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj/adv

10. little
If something happens little by little , it happens very gradually.

- In the beginning he had felt well, but little by little he was becoming weaker.

- I would have to learn, little by little, to exist alone.

PHR: PHR with cl
= gradually

little 2 adjective uses *****

(The comparative littler and the superlative littlest are sometimes used in spoken English for meanings 1, 3, and 4, but otherwise the comparative and superlative forms of the adjective little are not used.)

1. little littler littlest
Little things are small in size. Little is slightly more informal than small .

- We sat around a little table, eating and drinking wine.

- ...the little group of art students.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= small ≠ big

2. little
You use little to indicate that someone or something is small, in a pleasant and attractive way.

- She's got the nicest little house not far from the library.

- ...a little old lady...

- James usually drives a little hatchback.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. little littler littlest
A little child is young.

- I have a little boy of 8.

- When I was little I was very hyper-active.

ADJ-GRADED

4. little
Your little sister or brother is younger than you are.

- Whenever Daniel's little sister was asked to do something she always had a naughty reply.

ADJ: ADJ n
= younger ≠ big

5. little littler littlest
A little distance, period of time, or event is short in length.

- Just go down the road a little way, turn left, and cross the bridge.

- Why don't we just wait a little while and see what happens.

- I've been wanting to have a little talk with you.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
≠ long

6. little littler littlest
A little sound or gesture is quick.

- I had a little laugh to myself.

- She stood up quickly, giving a little cry of astonishment.

- He turned with a little nod and I watched him walk away.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
≠ big

7. little
You use little to indicate that something is not serious or important.

- ...irritating little habits...

- Harry found himself getting angry over little things that had never bothered him before.

ADJ: ADJ n

little

adjective

1.

small

diminutive

miniature

minute

petite

short

tiny

wee

2.

young

babyish

immature

infant

junior

undeveloped

adverb

3.

hardly

barely

4.

rarely

hardly ever

not often

scarcely

seldom

noun

5.

bit

fragment

hint

particle

speck

spot

touch

trace

little finger *

little finger little fingers
Your little finger is the smallest finger on your hand.
N-COUNT
= pinkie

Little League

Little League
The Little League is an organization of children's baseball teams that compete against each other in the United States.
N-PROPER

littoral

[D.J.:ˈlɪtərəl]

[K.K.:ˈlɪtərəl]

adj.

海〔湖〕滨的,沿海(湖)的

n.

沿(海)岸地区

littoral

littoral littorals
In geography, the littoral means the coast. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the countries of the north African littoral.

- ...the littoral countries of the Persian Gulf.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the N, N n

liturgical

[D.J.:lɪˈtɜ:dʒɪkəl]

[K.K.:lɪˈtə..dʒɪkəl]

adj.

<正>礼拜仪式的

liturgy

[D.J.:ˈlɪtədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˈlɪtədʒi]

n.

礼拜仪式

(英国国教的)祈祷书

liturgical

adj.

liturgical

liturgical
Liturgical things are used in or relate to church services. (FORMAL)
ADJ: usu ADJ n

liturgy

liturgy liturgies
A liturgy is a particular form of religious service, usually one that is set and approved by a branch of the Christian Church.

- A clergyman read the liturgy from the prayer-book.

- ...the many similarities in ministry, liturgy and style between the two churches.

N-VAR

live down *****

live down lives down; living down; lived down
If you are unable to live down a mistake, failure, or bad reputation, you are unable to make people forget about it.

- Labour was also unable to live down its reputation as the party of high taxes.

- I thought I'd never live it down.

PHR-V

live off *****

live off lives off; living off; lived off
If you live off another person, you rely on them to provide you with money.

- ...a man who all his life had lived off his father.

PHR-V

live on, live off *****

1. live on lives on; living on; lived on
If you live on or live off a particular amount of money, you have that amount of money to buy things.

- Even with efficient budgeting, most students are unable to live on £4000 per year.

- You'll have enough to live on.

- She had to live off £46 a week.

PHR-V

2. live on lives on; living on; lived on
If you live on or live off a particular source of income, that is where you get the money that you need.

- The proportion of Americans living on welfare rose.

- He's been living off state benefits.

PHR-V

3. live on lives on; living on; lived on
If an animal lives on or lives off a particular food, this is the kind of food that it eats.

- The fish live on the plankton.

- Most species live off aquatic snails.

PHR-V

4. live on lives on; living on; lived on
If you say that a person lives on or lives off a particular kind of food, you mean that it seems to be the only thing that they eat, for example because they like it a lot or because they do not have other foods.

- The children live on chips.

- Their room was bare of furniture and they lived off porridge.

PHR-V

live on *****

live on lives on; living on; lived on
If someone lives on , they continue to be alive for a long time after a particular point in time or after a particular event.

- I know my life has been cut short by this terrible virus but Daniel will live on after me.

PHR-V

live out *****

1. live out lives out; living out; lived out
If you live out your life in a particular place or in particular circumstances, you stay in that place or in those circumstances until the end of your life or until the end of a particular period of your life.

- Gein did not stand trial but lived out his days in a mental asylum.

- I couldn't live my life out on tour like he does.

PHR-V

2. live out lives out; living out; lived out
If you live out a dream or idea, you do the things that you have thought about.

- He began living out his rock `n' roll fantasy during his last year in law school.

- I suppose some people create an idea of who they want to be, and then they live it out.

PHR-V

live through *****

live through lives through; living through; lived through
If you live through an unpleasant event or change, you experience it and survive.

- We are too young to have lived through the war.

- It's been like living through a nightmare.

PHR-V

live together *****

live together lives together; living together; lived together
If two people are not married but live in the same house and have a sexual relationship, you can say that they live together .

- The couple had been living together for 16 years.

PHR-V

live up to *****

live up lives up; living up; lived up
If someone or something lives up to what they were expected to be, they are as good as they were expected to be.

- Sales have not lived up to expectations this year.

- Had he lived up to his promise, he would have made a fortune in sponsorship money.

PHR-V

live-in

[D.J.:ˈlɪvˌɪn]

[K.K.:ˈlɪvˌɪn]

adj.

住在雇主家的;与性伙伴同居的

live-in ***

1. live-in
A live-in partner is someone who lives in the same house as the person they are having a sexual relationship with, but is not married to them.

- She shared the apartment with her live-in partner.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. live-in
A live-in servant or other domestic worker sleeps and eats in the house where they work.

- I have a live-in nanny for my youngest daughter.

ADJ: ADJ n

livelihood

[D.J.:ˈlaɪvli:ˌhʊd]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪvliˌhʊd]

n.

生计,谋生之道

livelihood *

livelihood livelihoods
Your livelihood is the job or other source of income that gives you the money to buy the things you need.

- ...fishermen who depend on the seas for their livelihood...

- As a result of this conflict he lost both his home and his means of livelihood.

N-VAR

livelihood

noun

occupation

bread and butter informal

employment

job

living

work

liveliness

[ˈlaivlinis]

n.

活泼

lively

[D.J.:ˈlaivli]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪvli]

adj.

充满活力的, 活泼的, 轻快的

逼真的, 醒目的

剧烈的, 狂暴的

lively **

1. lively livelier liveliest
You can describe someone as lively when they behave in an enthusiastic and cheerful way.

- She had a sweet, lively personality.

- Josephine was bright, lively and cheerful.

ADJ-GRADED

2. liveliness

- Amy could sense his liveliness even from where she stood.

N-UNCOUNT

3. lively livelier liveliest
A lively event or a lively discussion, for example, has lots of interesting and exciting things happening or being said in it.

- It turned out to be a very interesting session with a lively debate.

- Their 4-1 win in Honduras was a particularly lively affair.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. liveliness

- Some may enjoy the liveliness of such a restaurant for a few hours a day or week.

N-UNCOUNT

5. lively livelier liveliest
Someone who has a lively mind is intelligent and interested in a lot of different things.

- She was a very well educated girl with a lively mind, a girl with ambition.

- ...her very lively imagination.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

6. lively livelier liveliest
A lively feeling or awareness is a strong or enthusiastic one.

- The papers also show a lively interest in European developments.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

liveliness

noun

energy

animation

boisterousness

dynamism

spirit

sprightliness

vitality

vivacity

lively

adjective

1.

vigorous

active

agile

alert

brisk

energetic

keen

perky

quick

sprightly

2.

animated

cheerful

chirpy informal

sparky

spirited

upbeat informal

vivacious

3.

vivid

bright

colourful

exciting

forceful

invigorating

refreshing

stimulating

liven up

1. liven up livens up; livening up; livened up
If a place or event livens up , or if something livens it up , it becomes more interesting and exciting.

- How could we decorate the room to liven it up?.

- The multicoloured rag rug was chosen to liven up the grey carpet.

- The arena livens up only on Saturdays and Sundays when a flea market is open there.

PHR-V-ERG

2. liven up livens up; livening up; livened up
If people liven up , or if something livens them up , they become more cheerful and energetic.

- Talking about her daughters livens her up.

- George livens up after midnight, relaxing a little.

PHR-V-ERG

liven up

verb

stir

animate

brighten

buck up informal

enliven

perk up

rouse

liver

[D.J.:ˈlivə]

[K.K.:ˈlɪvɚ]

n.

肝脏

(供食用的)肝

过着某种生活的人

liver **

1. liver livers
Your liver is a large organ in your body which processes your blood and helps to clean unwanted substances out of it.
N-COUNT

2. liver livers
Liver is the liver of some animals, especially lambs, pigs, and cows, which is cooked and eaten.

- ...grilled calves' liver.

N-VAR

liveried

[D.J.:ˈlivərid]

[K.K.:ˈlɪvərid, ˈlɪvrid]

adj.

穿制服的,穿规定服装的

liveried

liveried
A liveried servant is one who wears a special uniform.

- The tea was served to guests by liveried footmen.

ADJ: ADJ n

livery

[D.J.:ˈlivəri]

[K.K.:ˈlɪvəri, ˈlɪvri]

n.

(大户人家的男仆或伦敦同业公会的)制服

装束

livery *

1. livery liveries
A servant's livery is the special uniform that he or she wears.

- She was attended by servants in splendid livery and powdered wigs.

N-VAR

2. livery liveries
The livery of a particular company is the special design or set of colours associated with it that is put on its products and possessions.

- Buffet cars in the company's bright red and yellow livery could soon be rattling along the tracks.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

livery

noun

costume

attire

clothing

dress

garb

regalia

suit

uniform

livestock

[D.J.:ˈlaivstɔk]

[K.K.:ˈlaɪvˌstɑk]

n.

家畜, 牲畜

livestock *

livestock
Animals such as cattle and sheep which are kept on a farm are referred to as livestock .

- The heavy rains and flooding killed scores of livestock.

N-UNCOUNT-COLL

live wire

live wire live wires
If you describe someone as a live wire , you mean that they are lively and energetic. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

livid

[D.J.:ˈlɪvɪd]

[K.K.:ˈlɪvɪd]

adj.

<口>大怒的

乌青色的

livid

1. livid
Someone who is livid is extremely angry. (INFORMAL)

- I am absolutely livid about it.

- She is livid that I have invited Dick.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= furious

2. livid
Something that is livid is an unpleasant dark colour.

- The scarred side of his face was a livid red.

ADJ-GRADED

livid

adjective

1.

angry

beside oneself

enraged

fuming

furious

incensed

indignant

infuriated

outraged

2.

discoloured

black-and-blue

bruised

contused

purple

living room **

living room living rooms
The living room in a house is the room where people sit and relax.

- We were sitting on the couch in the living room watching TV.

N-COUNT also living-room .
= sitting room lounge

living standard *

living standard living standards
Living standards or living standard is used to refer to the level of comfort in which people live, which usually depends on how much money they have.

- Cheaper housing would vastly improve the living standards of ordinary people.

- Critics say his reforms have caused the fall in living standards.

N-COUNT: usu pl

living wage

living wage
A living wage is a wage which is just enough to enable you to buy food, clothing, and other necessary things.

- Many farmers have to depend on subsidies to make a living wage.

N-SING: usu a N

living will

living will living wills
A living will is a document in which you say what medical or legal decisions you want people to make for you if you become too ill to make these decisions yourself.
N-COUNT

lizard

[D.J.:ˈlɪzəd]

[K.K.:ˈlɪzəd]

n.

蜥蜴

lizard *

lizard lizards
A lizard is a reptile with short legs and a long tail.
N-COUNT

-'ll

-'ll
-'ll is the usual spoken form of `will'. It is added to the end of the pronoun which is the subject of the verb. For example, `you will' can be shortened to `you'll'.

llama

[D.J.:ˈlɑ:mə]

[K.K.:ˈlɑmə]

n.

美洲驼

llama

llama llamas
A llama is a South American animal with thick hair, which looks like a small camel without a hump.
N-COUNT

lo

[D.J.:ləu]

[K.K.:lo]

int.

〈古〉看; 瞧

lo *

lo
Lo and behold or lo is used to emphasize a surprising event that is about to be mentioned, or to emphasize in a humorous way that something is not surprising at all. (LITERARY or HUMOROUS)

- He called the minister of the interior and, lo and behold, within about an hour, the prisoners were released.

- I looked and lo! every one of the fifteen men who had been standing with me had disappeared.

CONVENTION emphasis

load

[D.J.:ləud]

[K.K.:lod]

n.

负荷; 负担

装载, 装载量

工作量, 负荷量

vt. & vi.

把…装上车[船]

装…

loaded

[D.J.:ˈləʊdɪd]

[K.K.:ˈlodɪd]

adj.

带负载的

<美俚>富有的, 阔绰的

loading

[D.J.:ˈləʊdɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlodɪŋ]

n.

(保险金的)附加费

装货

装载量;重量;载荷;(船等)上货

load ***

1. load loads loading loaded
If you load a vehicle or a container, you put a large quantity of things into it.

- The three men seemed to have finished loading the truck.

- Mr. Dambar had loaded his plate with lasagne.

- Soldiers were loaded with blankets and supplies.

- They load all their equipment into backpacks.

- She deposited the loaded tray.

VB

2. load up loads up; loading up; loaded up
Load up means the same as load .

- I've just loaded my truck up.

- The giggling couple loaded up their red sports car and drove off.

- We loaded up carts with all the blankets, bandages, medication, water we could spare.

- She loaded up his collection of vintage wines into crates.

PHR-V

3. loading

- ...the loading of baggage onto international flights.

N-SING: usu the N of n

4. load loads
A load is something, usually a large quantity or heavy object, which is being carried.

- He drove by with a big load of hay.

- He was carrying a very heavy load.

N-COUNT

5. load loads
A load is a quantity of clothes or sheets which need washing and which are washed together in a washing machine.

- I put another load in the washing machine.

N-COUNT

6. load
You can use a load of to refer to people or things which you do not like. For example, if you say that something is a load of rubbish , you are emphasizing that you think it is no good at all or not true at all. (INFORMAL)

- I've got loads of money.

- His people came up with a load of embarrassing information.

- I used to read loads of Asterix books.

- ...a load of kids.

- I've never heard such a load of nonsense.

- Personally, I think that's a load of garbage!

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR emphasis

7. load loads loading loaded
When someone loads a weapon such as a gun, they put a bullet or missile in it so that it is ready to use.

- I knew how to load and handle a gun.

- He carried a loaded gun.

- They were quite safe because they weren't loaded.

VB

8. load loads loading loaded
To load a camera or other piece of equipment means to put film, tape, or data into it so that it is ready to use.

- A photographer from the newspaper was loading his camera with film.

- A technician loads a video tape into one of the machines.

- The data can subsequently be loaded on a computer for processing.

VB

9. load loads
You can refer to the amount of work you have to do as a load .

- She's taking some of the load off the secretaries.

N-COUNT

10. load loads
The load of a system or piece of equipment, especially a system supplying electricity or a computer, is the extent to which it is being used at a particular time.

- An efficient bulb may lighten the load of power stations.

- Several processors can share the load of handling data in a single program.

N-COUNT

11. load
The load on something is the amount of weight that is pressing down on it or the amount of strain that it is under.

- Some of these chairs have flattened feet which spread the load on the ground.

- High blood pressure imposes an extra load on the heart.

N-SING

loaded **

1. loaded
A loaded question or word has more meaning or purpose than it appears to have, because the person who uses it hopes it will cause people to respond in a particular way.

- That's a loaded question.

- ...the loaded word `sexist'.

ADJ-GRADED

2. loaded
If something is loaded with a particular characteristic, it has that characteristic to a very great degree.

- The President's visit is loaded with symbolic significance.

- The phrase is loaded with irony.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n

3. loaded
If you say that something is loaded in favour of someone, you mean it works unfairly to their advantage. If you say it is loaded against them, you mean it works unfairly to their disadvantage.

- The press is loaded in favour of this present government.

- The article was heavily loaded against Morrissey.

- ...very loaded experiments carried out by General Bobby Marshall.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ in favour of/against n disapproval
= biased

load

noun

1.

cargo

consignment

freight

shipment

2.

burden

albatross

encumbrance

millstone

onus

trouble

weight

worry

verb

3.

fill

cram

freight

heap

pack

pile

stack

stuff

4.

burden

encumber

oppress

saddle with

weigh down

worry

5.

make ready

charge

prime

loaded

adjective Of firearms

1.

weighted

biased

distorted

2.

tricky

artful

insidious

manipulative

prejudicial

3.

rich

affluent

flush informal

moneyed

wealthy

well-heeled informal

well off

well-to-do

load down ***

load down loads down; loading down; loaded down
If you load someone down with things, especially heavy things, you give them a large number of them or put a large number of them on them.

- She loaded me down with around a dozen cassettes.

- They had come up from London loaded down with six suitcases.

PHR-V

-load

-load
-load combines with nouns referring to a vehicle or container to form nouns that refer to the total amount of something that the vehicle or container mentioned can hold or carry.

- The first plane-loads of food, children's clothing and medical supplies began arriving.

- ...a lorry-load of sheep on their way across Europe.

COMB in N-COUNT

loaf

[D.J.:ləuf]

[K.K.:lof]

n.

一条[块]面包

vt. & vi.

〈口〉虚度光阴

loaves

[D.J.:ləuvz]

[K.K.:lovz]

n.

大块烤过的食物,块

loaf *

1. loaf loaves
A loaf of bread is bread which has been shaped and baked in one piece. It is usually large enough for more than one person and can be cut into slices.

- ...a loaf of crusty bread.

- ...freshly baked loaves.

N-COUNT: oft N of n The plural form of the noun is loaves . Loafs is the third person singular present tense of the verb

2. loaf loafs loafing loafed
If you loaf , you stand or wait in a place, not doing anything interesting or useful.

- Soldiers loafed at street corners.

VB The plural form of the noun is loaves . Loafs is the third person singular present tense of the verb
= hang around

3. loaf around; loafs around; loafing around; loafed around
Loaf around means the same as loaf .

- We had been at Cambridge together, she studying medicine and me loafing around.

PHR-V The plural form of the noun is loaves . Loafs is the third person singular present tense of the verb

loaves

loaves
Loaves is the plural of loaf .

loaf

noun Slang

1.

lump

block

cake

cube

slab

2.

head

gumption Brit. informal

nous Brit. slang

sense

loaf

verb Slang

idle

laze

lie around

loiter

lounge around

take it easy

loafer

[D.J.:ˈləufə]

[K.K.:ˈlofɚ]

n.

虚度光阴者, 游手好闲者, 无业游民

平底便鞋

loafer

loafer loafers
Loafers are flat leather shoes with no straps or laces. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

loam

[D.J.:ləʊm]

[K.K.:lom]

n.

(尤指适合植物生长的)壤土,沃土

loam

loam
Loam is soil that is good for growing crops and plants in because it contains a lot of decayed vegetable matter and does not contain too much sand or clay.
N-UNCOUNT

loan

[D.J.:ləun]

[K.K.:lon]

vt.

借出

n.

借出

借出物; 借款

loaning

[ˈləuniŋ]

n.

田间小路,村边空地

loan ****

1. loan loans
A loan is a sum of money that you borrow.

- The country has no access to foreign loans or financial aid.

- The president wants to make it easier for small businesses to get bank loans.

- ...loan repayments.

N-COUNT
See also bridging loan , soft loan .

2. loan
If someone gives you a loan of something, you borrow it from them.

- I am in need of a loan of a bike for a few weeks.

- He had offered the loan of his small villa at Cap Ferrat.

N-SING: N of n

3. loan loans loaning loaned
If you loan something to someone, you lend it to them.

- He had kindly offered to loan us all the plants required for the exhibit.

- We were approached by the Royal Yachting Association to see if we would loan our boat to them.

VB
= lend

4. loan out; loans out; loaning out; loaned out
Loan out means the same as loan .

- It is common practice for clubs to loan out players to sides in the lower divisions.

- The ground was loaned out for numerous events including pop concerts.

PHR-V

5. loan
If something is on loan , it has been borrowed.

- ...impressionist paintings on loan from the National Gallery...

- Many of these are on display in the Museum, but some have been sent out on loan to other museums.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

6. loan
If a person is on loan from one organization to another, they are temporarily working for the second organization while still employed by the first.

- David Speedie, on loan from Southampton, scored his first goal for Birmingham.

- She's on loan to us from the CIA.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

loan

noun

1.

advance

credit

verb

2.

lend

advance

let out

loan shark

loan shark loan sharks
If you describe someone as a loan shark , you disapprove of them because they lend money to people and charge them very high rates of interest on the loan. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

loath

[D.J.:ləʊθ, ləʊð]

[K.K.:loθ, loð]

adj.

不愿意的;不喜欢的

loath

loath
If you are loath to do something, you do not want to do it.

- She is loath to give up her hard-earned liberty.

- The new finance minister seems loth to cut income tax.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to-inf also loth .
= reluctant

loath loth

adjective

unwilling

averse

disinclined

opposed

reluctant

loathe

[D.J.:ləʊð]

[K.K.:loð]

vt.

憎恨, 厌恶

极不喜欢

loathing

[D.J.:ˈləʊðɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈloðɪŋ]

n.

厌恶,憎恨

loathe *

loathe loathes loathing loathed
If you loathe something or someone, you dislike them very much.

- The two men loathe each other.

- She loathed being the child of impoverished labourers.

VB
= detest

loathing *

loathing
Loathing is a feeling of great dislike and disgust.

- Deacon made no secret of his loathing of Bayldon.

- She looked at him with loathing.

N-UNCOUNT

loathe

verb

hate

abhor

abominate

despise

detest

dislike

loathing

noun

hatred

abhorrence

antipathy

aversion

detestation

disgust

repugnance

repulsion

revulsion

loathsome

[D.J.:ˈləʊðsəm, ˈləʊθ-]

[K.K.:ˈloðsəm, ˈloθ-]

adj.

令人憎恨的,厌恶的

讨厌的,排斥的

loathsome

loathsome
If you describe someone or something as loathsome , you are indicating how much you dislike them or how much they disgust you.

- ...the loathsome spectacle we were obliged to witness.

ADJ-GRADED

loathsome

adjective

hateful

abhorrent

detestable

disgusting

nauseating

obnoxious

odious

offensive

repugnant

repulsive

revolting

vile

lob

[D.J.:lɔb]

[K.K.:lɑb]

v.

打缓慢的球;蹒跚地走

n.

〈英方〉笨重的人,高球

lob *

1. lob lobs lobbing lobbed
If you lob something, you throw it so that it goes quite high in the air.

- Enemy forces lobbed a series of artillery shells onto the city.

- A group of protesters gathered outside, chanting and lobbing firebombs.

VB

2. lob lobs lobbing lobbed
In sport, if you lob the ball, you hit or kick it high into the air so that it lands behind your opponent.

- Brown lobbed the ball over the Australian goalkeeper.

VB

3. lob lobs
Also a noun.

- ...long, high lobs that fell precisely on the baseline.

N-COUNT

lobby

[D.J.:ˈlɔbi]

[K.K.:ˈlɑbi]

n.

前厅, 厅堂

议会休息室

游说议员的团体

vt. & vi.

向…进行游说[疏通]

lobby ***

1. lobby lobbies lobbying lobbied
If you lobby someone such as a member of a government or council, you try to persuade them that a particular law should be changed or that a particular thing should be done.

- Carers from all over the UK lobbied Parliament last week to demand a better financial deal.

- Gun control advocates are lobbying hard for new laws.

- The union has attacked the plan and threatened to lobby against it.

- It must be terribly frustrating to lobby and get absolutely nowhere.

VB

2. lobbying

- The aid was frozen in June after intense lobbying by conservative Republicans.

N-UNCOUNT

3. lobby lobbies
A lobby is a group of people who represent a particular organization or campaign, and try to persuade a government or council to help or support them.

- Agricultural interests are some of the most powerful lobbies in Washington.

- He set up this lobby of independent producers.

- ...the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights, a housing lobby group.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft supp N, N of n

4. lobby lobbies
In a hotel or other large building, the lobby is the area near the entrance that usually has corridors and staircases leading off it.

- I met her in the lobby of the museum.

N-COUNT

lobby

noun

1.

corridor

entrance hall

foyer

hallway

passage

porch

vestibule

2.

pressure group

verb

3.

campaign

influence

persuade

press

pressure

promote

push

urge

lobbyist

[D.J.:ˈlɔbɪɪst]

n.

游说议员者

lobbyist *

lobbyist lobbyists
A lobbyist is someone who tries actively to persuade a government or council that a particular law should be changed or that a particular thing should be done.
N-COUNT

lobe

[D.J.:ləʊb]

[K.K.:lob]

n.

耳垂

(器官的)叶;肺叶,脑叶

lobe *

1. lobe lobes
The lobe of your ear is the soft, fleshy part at the bottom.
N-COUNT
= earlobe

2. lobe lobes
A lobe is a rounded part of something, for example one of the sections of your brain or lungs, or one of the rounded sections along the edges of some leaves.

- ...damage to the temporal lobe of the brain.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. -lobed

- ...a plant with large three-lobed leaves.

COMB in ADJ

lobotomy

[D.J.:ləuˈbɔtəmi]

[K.K.:ləˈbɑtəmi, lo-]

n.

前脑叶白质切除术

lobotomy

lobotomy lobotomies
A lobotomy is a surgical operation in which some of the nerves in the brain are cut in order to treat severe mental illness. (MEDICAL)
N-VAR

lobster

[D.J.:ˈlɔbstə]

[K.K.:ˈlɑbstɚ]

n.

龙虾

龙虾肉

lobster *

1. lobster lobsters
A lobster is a sea creature that has a hard shell, two large claws, and eight legs.

- She sold me a couple of live lobsters.

N-VAR

2. lobster
Lobster is the flesh of a lobster eaten as food.

- ...lobster on a bed of fresh vegetables.

N-UNCOUNT

lobster pot

lobster pot lobster pots
A lobster pot is a trap used for catching lobsters. It is in the shape of a basket.
N-COUNT

local

[D.J.:ˈləukəl]

[K.K.:ˈlokəl]

adj.

地方性的, 当地的, 本地的

局部的

褊狭的

n.

当地人, 本地人

住处附近的当地酒店

地方分会

locally

[D.J.:ˈləʊkəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈlokəlɪ]

adv.

在附近;在本地;当地地；本地地

局部地

local *****

1. local
Local means existing in or belonging to the area where you live, or to the area that you are talking about.

- We'd better check on the match in the local paper.

- Some local residents joined the students' protest.

- I was going to pop up to the local library.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. local locals
The locals are local people.

- That's what the locals call the place.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft the N

3. locally

- We've got cards which are drawn and printed and designed by someone locally.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

4. local
Local government is elected by people in one area of a country and controls aspects such as education, housing, and transport within that area.

- Education comprises two-thirds of all local council spending.

- ...the controversial system of local taxation known as the poll tax.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ national

5. locally

- The curriculum was to be decided locally.

ADV

6. local locals
Your local is a pub which is near where you live and where you often go for a drink. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The Black Horse is my local.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu poss N

7. local
A local anaesthetic or condition affects only a small area of your body. (MEDICAL)

- An injection of local anaesthetic is usually given first to numb the area.

ADJ

local

adjective

1.

regional

provincial

2.

restricted chiefly U.S.

confined

limited

noun

3.

resident

inhabitant

native

local authority ***

local authority local authorities
A local authority is an organization that is officially responsible for all the public services and facilities in a particular area. (BRIT; in AM use local government )
N-COUNT

local colour

local colour
Local colour is used to refer to customs, traditions, dress, and other things which give a place or period of history its own particular character.

- The fishing boat harbour was usually bustling with lots of local colour.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) local color

locale

[D.J.:ləʊˈkæl]

[K.K.:loˈkæl]

n.

(事件发生的)场所或地点

locale

locale locales
A locale is a small area, for example the place where something happens or where the action of a book or film is set. (FORMAL)

- An amusement park is the perfect locale for a bunch of irrepressible youngsters to have all sorts of adventures.

N-COUNT
= setting

local government **

1. local government
Local government is the system of electing representatives to be responsible for the administration of public services and facilities in a particular area.
N-UNCOUNT

2. local government local governments
A local government is the same as a local authority . (AM)
N-COUNT

locality

[D.J.:ləuˈkæliti]

[K.K.:loˈkælɪti]

n.

(出事的)位置, 地区, 地点

locality *

locality localities
A locality is a small area of a country or city. (FORMAL)

- Following the discovery of the explosives the president cancelled his visit to the locality.

- Details of the drinking water quality in your locality can be obtained from the public register.

N-COUNT
= area

locality

noun

1.

neighbourhood

area

district

neck of the woods informal

region

vicinity

2.

site

locale

location

place

position

scene

setting

spot

localize

[D.J.:ˈləʊkəˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈlokəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使局部化

使具地方色彩

localized

[D.J.:ˈləʊkəˌlaɪzd]

[K.K.:ˈlokəˌlaɪzd]

限局性的

localize

1. localize localizes localizing localized
If you localize something, you identify precisely where it is.

- Examine the painful area carefully in an effort to localize the most tender point.

VB (BRIT) also localise
= identify

2. localize localizes localizing localized
If you localize something, you limit the size of the area that it affects and prevent it from spreading.

- There may be some attempt to localise the benefits of the university's output in its host region.

VB (BRIT) also localise
= limit

localized *

localized
Something that is localized remains within a small area and does not spread.

- She had localized breast cancer and both of her doctors had advised surgery.

- Community radio is a concept which is much more localised.

ADJ-GRADED (BRIT) also localised

localize

verb

restrict

circumscribe

confine

contain

delimit

limit

local time *

local time
Local time is the official time in a particular region or country.

- It was around 10.15 pm local time, 3.15 am at home.

N-UNCOUNT

locate

[D.J.:ləuˈkeit]

[K.K.:ˈloˌket, loˈket]

vt.

找出, 指出(地点或位置)

vt. & vi.

(在…)设置, 坐落于

located

[D.J.:ləʊˈkeɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈloketɪd]

adj.

坐落的,位于的

locating

寻位

locate **

1. locate locates locating located
If you locate something or someone, you find out where they are. (FORMAL)

- The scientists want to locate the position of the gene on a chromosome.

- We've simply been unable to locate him.

VB
= find

2. locate locates locating located
If you locate something in a particular place, you put it there or build it there. (FORMAL)

- Atlanta was voted the best city in which to locate a business by more than 400 chief executives.

- Tudor Court represents your opportunity to locate at the heart of the new Birmingham.

VB

3. locate locates locating located
If you locate in a particular place, you move there or open a business there. (mainly AM)

- ...tax breaks for businesses that locate in run-down neighborhoods.

VB

located **

located
If something is located in a particular place, it is present or has been built there. (FORMAL)

- The restaurant is located near the cathedral.

- A boutique and beauty salon are conveniently located within the grounds.

- ...well-located buildings.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep, adv ADJ
= situated

locate

verb

1.

find

come across

detect

discover

pin down

pinpoint

track down

unearth

2.

place

establish

fix

put

seat

set

settle

situate

location

[D.J.:ləuˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:loˈkeʃən]

n.

位置, 场所

发现[找出]…的位置[地点]

外景(拍摄地)

locations

定位件

location ***

1. location locations
A location is the place where something happens or is situated.

- The first thing he looked at was his office's location.

- Macau's newest small luxury hotel has a beautiful location.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= setting

2. location locations
The location of someone or something is their exact position.

- She knew the exact location of The Eagle's headquarters.

N-COUNT: with poss
= position

3. location locations
A location is a place away from a studio where a film or part of a film is made.

- ...an art movie with dozens of exotic locations...

- We're shooting on location.

N-VAR: oft on N

location

noun

position

locale

place

point

site

situation

spot

venue

loch

[D.J.:lɔ’, lɔk]

[K.K.:lɑ’, lɑk]

n.

湖

狭长的海湾

loch *

loch lochs
A loch is a large area of water in Scotland that is completely or almost completely surrounded by land.

- ...twenty miles north of Loch Ness.

N-COUNT: oft in names before n

loci

[D.J.:ˈləusai]

[K.K.:ˈloˌsaɪ, -ki, -ˌkaɪ]

n.

场所,所在地,轨迹(locus的复数)

locus

[D.J.:ˈləʊkəs]

[K.K.:ˈlokəs]

n.

所在地,场所

核心

loci

loci
Loci is the plural of locus .

locus

locus loci
The locus of something is the place where it happens or the most important area or point with which it is associated. (FORMAL)

- Barcelona is the locus of Spanish industry.

- Thereafter, the military remained the locus of real power.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n

lock

[D.J.:lɔk]

[K.K.:lɑk]

n.

锁

水闸, 船闸

刹车

(头发的)一绺

vt. & vi.

锁住, 锁上

vi.

卡住, 不动

locked

[lɔkt]

adj.

锁定的

locking

[D.J.:ˈlɔkiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɑkɪŋ]

adj.

〈英方〉(母鸡)伏窝孵卵的

v.

关闭;锁闭[定];堵塞;连接;制动;联轴;同步;捕捉

locks

[lɔks]

n.

〈诗〉头发

lock ***

1. lock locks locking locked
When you lock something such as a door, drawer, or case, you fasten it, usually with a key, so that other people cannot open it.

- Are you sure you locked the front door?.

- Wolfgang moved along the corridor towards the locked door at the end.

VB

2. lock locks
The lock on something such as a door or a drawer is the device which is used to keep it shut and prevent other people from opening it. Locks are opened with a key.

- At that moment he heard Gill's key turning in the lock of the door.

- An intruder forced open a lock on french windows at the house.

N-COUNT

3. lock locks locking locked
If you lock something or someone in a place, room, or container, you put them there and fasten the lock.

- Her maid locked the case in the safe.

- They beat them up and locked them in a cell.

VB

4. lock locks locking locked
When you lock something in a particular position, it is held or fitted firmly in that position.

- He leaned back in the swivel chair and locked his fingers behind his head.

- There was a whine of hydraulics as the undercarriage locked into position.

V-ERG

5. lock locks
On a canal or river, a lock is a place where walls have been built with gates at each end so that boats can move to a higher or lower section of the canal or river, by gradually changing the water level inside the gates.
N-COUNT

6. lock locks
A lock of hair is a small bunch of hairs on your head that grow together and curl or curve in the same direction.

- She brushed a lock of hair off his forehead.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

7. lock locks
Your locks are your hair. (LITERARY)

- ...women with long, wavy locks.

N-PLURAL: usu supp N

8. lock
If something or someone is kept under lock and key , they are in a container or room which has been securely locked.

- The books were normally kept under lock and key in the library vault.

- He is currently under lock and key at Eastmoor secure unit in Leeds.

PHR: PHR after v
lock, stock, and barrel : see barrel .

locked **

locked
If you say that people are locked in conflict or in battle, you mean they are arguing or fighting in a fierce or determined way, and neither side seems likely to stop.
ADJ: v-link ADJ in n

lock

noun

1.

fastening

bolt

clasp

padlock

verb

2.

fasten

bolt

close

seal

secure

shut

3.

unite

clench

engage

entangle

entwine

join

link

4.

embrace

clasp

clutch

encircle

enclose

grasp

hug

press

lock

noun

strand

curl

ringlet

tress

tuft

lock away ***

1. lock away locks away; locking away; locked away
If you lock something away in a place or container, you put or hide it there and fasten the lock.

- She meticulously cleaned the gun and locked it away in its case.

- He had even locked away all the videos of his previous exploits.

PHR-V

2. lock away locks away; locking away; locked away
To lock someone away means to put them in prison or a secure mental hospital.

- Locking them away is not sufficient, you have to give them treatment.

PHR-V

3. lock away locks away; locking away; locked away
If you lock yourself away , you go somewhere where you can be alone, and do not come out or see anyone for some time.

- I locked myself away with books and magazines.

PHR-V
= hide away

lock in ***

lock in locks in; locking in; locked in
If you lock someone in , you put them in a room and lock the door so that they cannot get out.

- Manda cried out that Mr Hoelt had no right to lock her in.

PHR-V

lock out ***

1. lock out locks out; locking out; locked out
If someone locks you out of a place, they prevent you entering it by locking the doors.

- They had had a row, and she had locked him out of the apartment.

- My husband's locked me out.

PHR-V

2. lock out locks out; locking out; locked out
If you lock yourself out of a place, such as your house, you cannot get in because the door is locked and you do not have your keys.

- The new tenants locked themselves out of their apartment and had to break in.

- There had been a knock at the door and when she opened it she locked herself out.

- The wind had made the door swing closed, and she was now locked out.

PHR-V

3. lock out locks out; locking out; locked out
In an industrial dispute, if a company locks its workers out , it closes the factory or office in order to prevent the employees coming to work.

- The company locked out the workers, and then the rest of the work force went on strike.

PHR-V

lock up ***

1. lock up locks up; locking up; locked up
If you lock something up in a place or container, you put or hide it there and fasten the lock.

- Give away any food you have on hand, or lock it up and give the key to the neighbours.

- Control of materials could be maintained by locking up bombs.

PHR-V

2. lock up locks up; locking up; locked up
To lock someone up means to put them in prison or a secure psychiatric hospital.

- Mr Milner persuaded the federal prosecutors not to lock up his client.

- You are mad, Isabel. You should be locked up.

PHR-V

3. lock up locks up; locking up; locked up
When you lock up a building or car or lock up , you make sure that all the doors and windows are locked so that nobody can get in.

- Don't forget to lock up.

- Leave your car here and lock it up.

PHR-V

lock up

verb

imprison

cage

confine

detain

incarcerate

jail

put behind bars

shut up

locker

[D.J.:ˈlɔkə]

[K.K.:ˈlɑkɚ]

n.

寄物柜

locker *

locker lockers
A locker is a small metal or wooden cupboard with a lock, where you can put your personal possessions, for example in a school, place of work, or sports club.
N-COUNT

locker room *

locker room locker rooms
A locker room is a room in which there are a lot of lockers.
N-COUNT

locket

[D.J.:ˈlɔkit]

[K.K.:ˈlɑkɪt]

n.

小盒,纪念品盒

locket

locket lockets
A locket is a piece of jewellery containing something such as a picture, which a woman wears on a chain around her neck.
N-COUNT

lock-keeper

n.

运河水闸管理员

lock-keeper

lock-keeper lock-keepers
A lock-keeper is a person whose job is to be in charge of and maintain a lock or group of locks on a canal.
N-COUNT

lock-out

同步损失

lock-out

lock-out lock-outs
A lock-out is a situation in which employers close a place of work and prevent workers from entering it until the workers accept the employer's new proposals on pay or conditions of work.
N-COUNT (AM) lockout

lock-up

1. lock-up lock-ups
A lock-up is the same as a jail . (AM, INFORMAL)

- ...the 450 inmates at the maximum-security lock-up in Lucasville.

N-COUNT also lockup .

2. lock-up lock-ups
A lock-up is a garage that is used by someone, but is not next to their house. (BRIT)

- 25lb of Semtex explosive was found in the lock-up she had rented to Mr Henderson.

N-COUNT also lockup .

3. lock-up
Also an adjective.

- A massive arms cache had been hidden in a lock-up garage near the couple's home.

ADJ: ADJ n also lockup .

locomotion

[D.J.:ˌləʊkəˈməʊʃən]

[K.K.:ˌlokəˈmoʃən]

n.

运动,移动;运动力,移动力

locomotion

locomotion
Locomotion is the ability to move and the act of moving from one place to another. (FORMAL)

- Flight is the form of locomotion that puts the greatest demands on muscles.

- He specialises in the mechanics of locomotion.

N-UNCOUNT

locomotive

[D.J.:ˈləukəˌməutiv]

[K.K.:ˌlokəˈmotɪv]

n.

火车头, 机车

adj.

移动的, 有移动力的, 产生运动的

locomotive **

locomotive locomotives
A locomotive is a large vehicle that pulls a railway train. (FORMAL)

- Steam locomotives pumped out clouds of white smoke.

N-COUNT

locum

[ˈləukəm]

n.

临时代理

locum

locum locums
A locum is a doctor or priest who does the work for another doctor or priest who is ill or on holiday. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

locust

[D.J.:ˈləʊkəst]

[K.K.:ˈlokəst]

n.

蝗虫

locust *

locust locusts
Locusts are large insects that live mainly in hot countries. They fly in large groups and eat crops.
N-COUNT

lodge

[D.J.:lɔdʒ]

[K.K.:lɑdʒ]

vi.

暂住, 借宿

vt.

供…以临时住处

向当局提出声明

n.

乡间小屋, 旅舍

lodging

[D.J.:ˈlɔdʒɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɑdʒɪŋ]

n.

出租的房间, 寄宿宿舍

lodgings

[D.J.:ˈlɔdʒɪŋz]

[K.K.: ˈlɑdʒɪŋz]

n.

寄宿,借宿

住所,寓所

寄宿舍;租住的房间

lodge **

1. lodge lodges
A lodge is a house or hut in the country or in the mountains where people stay on holiday, especially when they want to shoot or fish.

- ...a Victorian hunting lodge.

- ...a ski lodge.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

2. lodge lodges
A lodge is a small house at the entrance to the grounds of a large house.

- I drove out of the gates, past the keeper's lodge.

N-COUNT

3. lodge lodges
In some organizations, a lodge is a local branch or meeting place of the organization.

- My father would occasionally go to his Masonic lodge.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

4. lodge lodges lodging lodged
If you lodge a complaint, protest, accusation, or claim, you officially make it.

- He has four weeks in which to lodge an appeal.

VB
= make

5. lodge lodges lodging lodged
If you lodge somewhere, such as in someone else's house or if you are lodged there, you live there, usually paying rent.

- ...the story of the farming family she lodged with as a young teacher...

- The building he was lodged in turned out to be a church.

VB

6. lodge lodges lodging lodged
If someone lodges you somewhere, they give you a place to stay, for example because they are responsible for your safety or comfort.

- They took me into custody, questioned me, then lodged me in a children's home.

- Rebel and government delegates are lodged in different hotels.

VB

7. lodge lodges lodging lodged
If an object lodges somewhere, it becomes stuck there.

- The bullet lodged in the sergeant's leg, shattering his thigh bone.

- His car has a bullet lodged in the passenger door.

VB

8. lodge lodges lodging lodged
If a fact or feeling lodges in your mind or is lodged there, you remember it for a long time.

- It just lodged in my mind as a very sentimental song.

- If you've got something to say it's got to be lodged in their brains at the end.

- The festival has lodged itself in the public mind.

VB

lodging *

1. lodging
If you are provided with lodging or lodgings , you are provided with a place to stay for a period of time. You can use lodgings to refer to one or more of these places.

- He was given free lodging in a three-room flat.

- ...travel expenses including meals and lodgings while traveling away from home.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. lodging lodgings
If you live in lodgings , you live in a room or rooms in someone's house and you pay them for this.

- David had changed his lodgings, leaving no address behind.

- Many of the single men found lodgings in the surrounding villages.

N-COUNT: usu pl

lodge

noun

1.

cabin

chalet

cottage

gatehouse

hut

shelter

2.

society

branch

chapter

club

group

verb

3.

stay

board

room

4.

stick

come to rest

imbed

implant

5.

register

file

put on record

submit

lodging

noun

often plural

accommodation

abode

apartments

digs Brit. informal

quarters

residence

rooms

shelter

lodger

[D.J.:ˈlɔdʒə]

[K.K.:ˈlɑdʒɚ]

n.

房客,租住者

lodger *

lodger lodgers
A lodger is a person who pays money to live in someone else's house.

- Jennie took in a lodger to help with the mortgage.

N-COUNT

lodger

noun

tenant

boarder

paying guest

resident

lodging house

lodging house lodging houses
A lodging house is a house where people can rent rooms to live in or stay in. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use rooming house )
N-COUNT

loft

[D.J.:lɔ:ft, lɔft]

[K.K.:lɔft, lɑft]

n.

阁楼,顶楼

上层楼面,楼上

vt.

击、踢、掷高弧球

lofting

[ˈlɔftiŋ]

n.

放样;理论模线的绘制

loft *

1. loft lofts
A loft is the space inside the sloping roof of a house or other building, where things are sometimes stored.

- We would like to convert the loft into another bedroom.

- A loft conversion can add considerably to the value of a house.

N-COUNT
= attic

2. loft lofts
A loft is an apartment in the upper part of a building, especially a building such as a warehouse or factory that has been converted for people to live in. Lofts are usually large and not divided into separate rooms.
N-COUNT

3. loft lofts lofting lofted
When someone such as a golfer or soccer, football, or baseball player lofts a ball, they hit it or send it high into the air.

- From the kick-off he lofted the ball 60 yards into the top corner of the net.

VB

loftily

[ˈlɔftili]

adv.

高,崇高地,傲慢地

lofty

[D.J.:ˈlɔfti]

[K.K.:ˈlɔfti, ˈlɑf-]

adj.

高耸的, 极高的

高尚的, 崇高的

高傲的, 傲慢的

lofty *

1. lofty loftier loftiest
A lofty ideal or ambition is noble, important, and admirable.

- It was a bank that started out with grand ideas and lofty ideals.

- Amid the chaos, he had lofty aims.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. lofty loftier loftiest
A lofty building or room is very high. (FORMAL)

- ...a light, lofty apartment in the suburbs of Salzburg...

- Victorian houses can seem cold with their lofty ceilings and rambling rooms.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. lofty loftier loftiest
If you say that someone behaves in a lofty way, you are critical of them for behaving in a proud and rather unpleasant way, as if they think they are very important.

- ...the lofty disdain he often expresses for his profession.

- ...lofty contempt.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

4. loftily

- `We supply financial information to selected clients,' Crook said loftily.

- ...loftily indifferent to the world outside.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, ADV adj

lofty

adjective

1.

high

elevated

raised

soaring

towering

2.

noble

dignified

distinguished

elevated

exalted

grand

illustrious

renowned

3.

haughty

arrogant

condescending

disdainful

patronizing

proud

supercilious

log

[D.J.:lɔɡ]

[K.K.:lɔɡ, lɑɡ]

n.

原木, 木材, 木料

航海[飞行]日志

vt. & vi.

砍伐

vt.

把…记入航海日志

航行(…距离), 飞行(…小时)

logged

[lɔɡd]

adj.

笨拙的,(树)劈成木材的

logging

[D.J.:ˈlɔɡiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɔɡɪŋ, ˈlɑɡɪŋ]

n.

〈美〉伐木搬运业

log **

1. log logs
A log is a piece of a thick branch or of the trunk of a tree that has been cut so that it can be used for fuel or for making things.

- He dumped the logs on the big stone hearth.

- ...the original log cabin where Lincoln was born.

N-COUNT: oft N n

2. log logs
A log is an official written account of what happens each day, for example on board a ship.

- The family made an official complaint to a ship's officer, which was recorded in the log.

N-COUNT

3. log logs logging logged
If you log an event or fact, you record it officially in writing or on a computer.

- They log everyone and everything that comes in and out of here.

- Details of the crime are then logged in the computer.

VB
= record

logging *

logging
Logging is the activity of cutting down trees in order to sell the wood.

- Logging companies would have to leave a central area of the forest before the end of the year.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

log

noun

1.

stump

block

chunk

trunk

2.

record

account

journal

logbook

verb

3.

chop

cut

fell

hew

4.

record

chart

note

register

set down

log in, log on **

log in logs in; logging in; logged in
When someone logs in or logs on , or logs into a computer system, they start using the system, usually by typing their name or identity code and a password.

- Customers pay to log on and gossip with other users.

- They would log into their account and take a look at prices and decide what they'd like to do.

PHR-V

log out, log off **

log out logs out; logging out; logged out
When someone who is using a computer system logs out or logs off , they finish using the system by typing a particular command.

- If a computer user fails to log off, the system is accessible to all.

PHR-V

loganberry

[D.J.:ˈləuɡənbəri]

[K.K.:ˈloɡənˌbɛri]

n.

罗甘莓植物

loganberry

loganberry loganberries
A loganberry is a purplish red fruit that is similar to a raspberry.
N-COUNT

logarithm

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:gəˌrɪðəm, ˈlɔgə-]

[K.K.:ˈlɔɡəˌrɪðəm, ˈlɑɡə-]

n.

对数

logarithmic

adj.

logarithmic

[ˌlɔɡəˈriθmik]

adj.

对数的

logarithm

logarithm logarithms
In mathematics, the logarithm of a number is a number that it can be represented by in order to make a difficult multiplication or division sum simpler.
N-COUNT

log book

log book log books
A log book is a book in which someone records details and events relating to something, for example a journey or period of their life, or a vehicle.
N-COUNT

logger

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:gə, ˈlɔgə]

[K.K.:ˈlɔɡɚ, ˈlɑɡɚ]

n.

<美>樵夫,伐木工

logger *

logger loggers
A logger is a man whose job is to cut down trees. (AM; in BRIT use lumberjack )
N-COUNT

loggerheads

[D.J.:ˈlɔgəhedz]

[K.K.: ˈlɔɡɚˌhɛdz]

n.

笨蛋

铁头棒

红海龟

at loggerheads (with)

(与…)不和；(与…)相争

loggerheads

loggerheads
If two or more people or groups are at loggerheads , they disagree very strongly with each other.

- For months dentists and the health department have been at loggerheads over fees.

- The European Community is at loggerheads with the rest of the world over its agricultural subsidies.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft PHR with n

loggerheads

plural noun

at loggerheads

quarrelling

at daggers drawn

at each other's throats

at odds

feuding

in dispute

opposed

loggia

[D.J.:ˈlɔdʒə,ˈlɔdʒiə]

[K.K.:ˈlɔdʒiə, ˈlɑdʒiə]

n.

凉廊,房屋敞向花园的部分

loggia

loggia loggias
A loggia is a roofed area attached to a house. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= porch

logic

[D.J.:ˈlɔdʒik]

[K.K.:ˈlɑdʒɪk]

n.

逻辑(学), 逻辑性

推理方法

合理的想法

logic **

1. logic
Logic is a method of reasoning that involves a series of statements, each of which must be true if the statement before it is true.

- Apart from criminal investigation techniques, students learn forensic medicine, philosophy and logic.

N-UNCOUNT

2. logic
The logic of a conclusion or an argument is its quality of being correct and reasonable.

- I don't follow the logic of your argument.

- There would be no logic in upsetting the agreements.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. logic
A particular kind of logic is the way of thinking and reasoning about things that is characteristic of a particular type of person or particular field of activity.

- The plan was based on sound commercial logic.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, oft adj N

logic

noun

reason

good sense

sense

logical

[D.J.:ˈlɔdʒikəl]

[K.K.:ˈlɑdʒɪkəl]

adj.

逻辑(上)的, 符合逻辑的

推理正确的, 合乎常理的

logically

[D.J.:ˈl ɔd ʒɪklɪ]

[K.K.:ˈl ɑd ʒɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

逻辑上;符合逻辑地

能推理地

logical **

1. logical
In a logical argument or method of reasoning, each step must be true if the step before it is true.

- Only when each logical step has been checked by other mathematicians will the proof be accepted.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. logically

- My professional training has taught me to look at things logically.

ADV: usu ADV with v

3. logical
The logical conclusion or result of a series of facts or events is the only one which can come from it, according to the rules of logic.

- If the climate gets drier, then the logical conclusion is that even more drought will occur.

- ...this is the logical result of a long evolution in which we moved from working by the sweat of our brow and by muscle to industrial work and finally to knowledge work.

- ...a society that dismisses God as a logical impossibility.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. logically

- From that it followed logically that he would not be meeting Hildegarde.

ADV: ADV with v

5. logical
Something that is logical seems reasonable or sensible in the circumstances.

- Connie suddenly struck her as a logical candidate.

- There was a logical explanation.

- It is logical to take precautions.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf/that
= sensible

6. logically

- This was the one possibility I hadn't taken into consideration, though logically I should have done.

ADV: ADV with cl, ADV with v

logical

adjective

1.

rational

clear

cogent

coherent

consistent

sound

valid

well-organized

2.

reasonable

plausible

sensible

wise

logician

[D.J.:ləʊˈdʒɪʃən]

[K.K.:loˈdʒɪʃən]

n.

逻辑学家

logician

logician logicians
A logician is a person who is a specialist in logic.
N-COUNT

logistic

[D.J.:ləuˈdʒistik]

[K.K.:loˈdʒɪstɪk]

adj.

逻辑的

n.

〈逻〉数理逻辑, 符号逻辑

logistic *

1. logistic
Logistic or logistical means relating to the organization of something complicated.

- Logistical problems may be causing the delay.

- She described the distribution of food and medical supplies as a logistical nightmare.

- ...logistic difficulties.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. logistically

- Organised junior football was either restricted or logistically impossible to operate.

- It is about time that the UN considers logistically deploying additional military resources.

- Logistically it is very difficult to value unit-linked policies.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v, ADV with cl

logistics

[D.J.:ləʊˈdʒɪstɪks, lə-]

[K.K.:loˈdʒɪstɪks, lə-]

n.

后勤；物流

logistics

logistics
If you refer to the logistics of doing something complicated that involves a lot of people or equipment, you are referring to the skilful organization of it so that it can be done successfully and efficiently.

- The skills and logistics of getting such a big show on the road pose enormous practical problems.

- Logistics is now more important in our industry than technology.

N-UNCOUNT-COLL

logjam

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:gˌdʒæm, ˈlɔg-]

[K.K.:ˈlɔɡˌdʒæm, ˈlɑɡ-]

n.

(河面上)漂浮原木造成的阻塞

(因事情太多造成的)困境,僵局

logjam

logjam logjams
To break the logjam means to change or deal with a difficult situation which has existed for a long time. (JOURNALISM)

- A new initiative was needed to break the logjam.

N-COUNT: usu sing

logo

[D.J.:ˈləʊˌgəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈloˌɡo]

n.

专用标志, 标记, 商标

logos

[D.J.:ˈlɔɡɔs]

[K.K.:ˈloˌɡos, ˈlɑɡˌɑs]

n.

理念,理性,圣子

logo **

logo logos
The logo of a company or organization is the special design or way of writing its name that it puts on all its products, notepaper, or advertisements.
N-COUNT

loin

[D.J.:lɔin]

[K.K.:lɔɪn]

n.

腰

loin *

1. loin loins
Someone's loins are the front part of their body between their waist and legs, especially their sexual parts. (LITERARY, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-PLURAL

2. loin loins
Loin or a loin is a piece of meat which comes from the back or sides of an animal, quite near the tail end.

- Heat the honey and brush it on to the outside of the loin.

- ...roast loin of venison.

N-VAR

3. loin
If you gird your loins , you prepare to do something difficult or dangerous. (LITERARY)
PHR: V inflects

loincloth

[D.J.:ˈlɔinklɔθ]

[K.K.:ˈlɔɪnˌklɔθ, -ˌklɑθ]

n.

缠腰带

loincloth

loincloth loincloths
A loincloth is a piece of cloth sometimes worn by men in order to cover their sexual parts, especially in countries when it is too hot to wear anything else.
N-COUNT

loiter

[D.J.:ˈlɔɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈlɔɪtɚ]

vi.

(在公共场所)走走停停,闲逛;游荡

磨蹭

loiter

loiter loiters loitering loitered
If you loiter somewhere, you remain there or walk up and down without any real purpose.

- Unemployed young men loiter at the entrance of the factory.

VB
= hang around

loiter

verb

linger

dally

dawdle

dilly-dally informal

hang about or around

idle

loaf

skulk

loll

[D.J.:lɔl]

[K.K.:lɑl]

vi.

懒洋洋地躺着〔坐着、站着〕

(头、舌等耷拉;下垂)

loll around

懒洋洋地坐着(或躺着、站着)；无所事事

loll

1. loll lolls lolling lolled
If you loll somewhere, you sit or lie in a very relaxed position.

- He was lolling on the sofa in the shadows near the fire.

- He lolled back in his comfortable chair.

VB
= lounge sprawl

2. loll lolls lolling lolled
If something fairly heavy, especially someone's head or tongue, lolls , it hangs down in a loose, uncontrolled way.

- When he let go the head lolled sideways.

- ...his tongue lolling out of the side of his mouth...

- Tongue lolling, the dog came lolloping back from the forest.

VB
= flop

loll

verb

1.

lounge

loaf

recline

relax

slouch

slump

sprawl

2.

droop

dangle

drop

flap

flop

hang

sag

loll around

loll around lolls around; lolling around; lolled around
If you loll about or loll around , you enjoy yourself by sitting or lying in a relaxed way.

- Her husband dreams about lolling about on the deck and taking long snoozes in the afternoon sun.

- ...spending afternoons lolling around a swimming pool.

PHR-V (BRIT) also loll around
= lounge around

lollipop

[D.J.:ˈlɔli:ˌpɔp]

[K.K.:ˈlɑliˌpɑp]

n.

棒糖

lollipop man

<口>(用交通指挥牌让车辆暂停以便儿童安全通过马路的)交通纠察

lollipop

lollipop lollipops
A lollipop is a sweet consisting of a hard disc or ball of a sugary substance on the end of a stick.
N-COUNT
= lolly

lollop

[D.J.:ˈlɔləp]

[K.K.:ˈlɑləp]

vi.

懒散地闲荡

lollop

lollop lollops lolloping lolloped
When an animal or a person lollops along, they run along awkwardly and not very fast. (mainly BRIT, LITERARY)

- A herd of elephants lolloped across the plains towards a watering hole.

VB
= lope

lolly

[D.J.:ˈlɔli:]

[K.K.:ˈlɑli]

n.

<口>棒糖;冰棍儿

<俚>钱

lolly

lolly lollies
A lolly is the same as a lollipop . (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT
See also ice lolly .

lone

[D.J.:ləʊn]

[K.K.:lon]

adj.

孤单的,孤独的,人迹罕至的

a lone wolf

孤狼；好独处(或单干)的人

lone **

1. lone
If you talk about a lone person or thing, you mean that they are alone.

- A lone woman motorist waited for six hours for the RAC yesterday because of a name mix-up.

- He was shot by a lone gunman.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. lone
A lone parent is a parent who is looking after her or his child or children and who is not married or living with a partner. (mainly BRIT)

- Ninety per cent of lone parent families are headed by mothers.

ADJ: ADJ n
= single

lone

adjective

solitary

one

only

single

sole

unaccompanied

loneliness

[D.J.:ˈləʊnlɪnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈlonlɪnɪs]

n.

孤独,寂寞;人迹罕至

loneliness *

loneliness
Loneliness is the unhappiness that is felt by someone because they do not have any friends or do not have anyone to talk to.

- I have so many friends, but deep down, underneath, I have a fear of loneliness.

N-UNCOUNT

loneliness

noun

solitude

desolation

isolation

seclusion

lonely

[D.J.:ˈləunli]

[K.K.:ˈlonli]

adj.

孤独的, 寂寞的

荒凉的, 人迹罕至的

lonely **

1. lonely lonelier loneliest
Someone who is lonely is unhappy because they are alone or do not have anyone they can talk to.

- ...lonely people who just want to talk...

- I feel lonelier in the middle of London than I do on my boat in the middle of nowhere.

ADJ-GRADED

2. lonely
The lonely are people who are lonely.

- He looks for the lonely, the lost, the unloved.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. lonely lonelier loneliest
A lonely situation or period of time is one in which you feel unhappy because you are alone or do not have anyone to talk to.

- I desperately needed something to occupy me during those long, lonely nights.

- ...her lonely childhood.

ADJ-GRADED

4. lonely lonelier loneliest
A lonely place is one where very few people come.

- It felt like the loneliest place in the world.

- ...dark, lonely streets.

ADJ-GRADED

lonely

adjective

1.

abandoned

destitute

forlorn

forsaken

friendless

lonesome

2.

solitary

alone

apart

companionless

isolated

lone

single

withdrawn

3.

remote

deserted

desolate

godforsaken

isolated

out-of-the-way

secluded

unfrequented

uninhabited

lonely hearts

lonely hearts
A lonely hearts section in a newspaper or a lonely hearts club is used by people who are trying to find a lover or friend.
ADJ: ADJ n

loner

[D.J.:ˈləʊnə]

[K.K.:ˈlonɚ]

n.

喜孤独者, 不合群者

loner *

loner loners
If you describe someone as a loner , you mean they prefer to be alone rather than with a group of people.

- I'm very much a loner -- I never go out.

N-COUNT

loner

noun

individualist

lone wolf

maverick

outsider

recluse

lonesome

[D.J.:ˈləʊnsəm]

[K.K.:ˈlonsəm]

adj.

孤单的;人迹稀少的

lonesome

1. lonesome
Someone who is lonesome is unhappy because they do not have any friends or do not have anyone to talk to. (mainly AM)

- I've grown so lonesome, thinking of you.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= lonely

2. lonesome
A lonesome place is one which very few people come to and which is a long way from places where people live. (AM)

- He was finding the river lonesome.

ADJ-GRADED
= lonely

lonesome

adjective

lonely

companionless

desolate

dreary

forlorn

friendless

gloomy

long

[D.J.:lɔŋ]

[K.K.:lɔŋ, lɑŋ]

adj.

(距离, 长度)长的

长时间的, 长期的

adv.

长久地, 长期地

很久地, 久远地

n.

长时间, 长时期

vi.

渴望; 极想

longer

adj.

比较久的

adv.

比较久

longest

adj.

长的

longing

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:ŋɪŋ, ˈlɔŋ-]

[K.K.:ˈlɔŋɪŋ, ˈlɑŋ-]

n.

渴望;盼望

adj.

渴望的

longs

[lɔŋz]

n.

长期证券，长期债券

long 1 time *****

1. long
The expression for long is used to mean `for a great amount of time'.

- Repairs to the cable did not take too long.

- Have you known her parents long?.

- I learned long ago to avoid these invitations.

- The railway had obviously been built long after the house.

- Chess has long been regarded as a measure of intellect.

- ...long-established social traditions.

- `Did you live there?' --- `Not for long.'.

- Developing countries won't put up with the situation for much longer.

- For too long there was a huge gap in the market.

PHR: PHR after v

2. long longer longest
A long event or period of time lasts for a great amount of time or takes a great amount of time.

- We had a long meeting with the attorney general.

- She is planning a long holiday in Egypt and America.

- They sat looking at each other for a long while.

- He must have started writing his book a long time ago.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ short

3. long
You use long to ask or talk about amounts of time.

- How long have you lived around here?.

- He has been on a diet for as long as any of his friends can remember.

- She reflected no longer than a second before she decisively slit the envelope.

ADV-GRADED: how ADV, as ADV as , ADV-compar than

4. long longer longest
Also an adjective.

- How long is the usual stay in hospital?.

- The average commuter journey there is five hours long.

ADJ-GRADED: how ADJ, amount ADJ

5. long
Also a combining form.

- She'd just returned from a month-long visit to Egypt.

COMB in ADJ

6. long longer longest
A long speech, book, film, or list contains a lot of information or a lot of items and takes a lot of time to listen to, read, watch, or deal with.

- He was making quite a long speech.

- This is a long film, three hours and seven minutes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ short

7. long longer longest
If you describe a period of time or work as long , you mean it lasts for more hours or days than is usual, or seems to last for more time than it actually does.

- Go to sleep. I've got a long day tomorrow.

- She was a TV reporter and worked long hours.

- This has been the longest week of my life.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ short

8. long longer longest
If someone has a long memory, they are able to remember things that happened far back in the past.
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ short

9. long
Long is used in expressions such as all year long , the whole day long , and your whole life long to say and emphasize that something happens for the whole of a particular period of time.

- We played that record all night long.

- Snow is sometimes found all summer long upon the highest peaks.

ADV: n ADV emphasis

long 2 distance and size *****

1. long longer longest
Something that is long measures a great distance from one end to the other.

- ...a long table...

- A long line of people formed outside the doctor's office.

- Lucy was 27, with long dark hair.

- Her legs were long and thin.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ short

2. long longer longest
A long distance is a great distance. A long journey or route covers a great distance.

- His destination was Chobham Common, a long way from his Cotswold home.

- The long journey tired him.

- I went for a long walk.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ short

3. long
A long piece of clothing covers the whole of someone's legs or more of their legs than usual. Clothes with long sleeves cover the whole of someone's arms.

- She is wearing a long black dress.

- ...a long-sleeved blouse.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ short

4. long longer longest
You use long to talk or ask about the distance something measures from one end to the other.

- An eight-week-old embryo is only an inch long.

- How long is the tunnel?.

- In the roots of the olives, you could find centipedes as long as a pencil.

ADJ-GRADED: amount ADJ, how ADJ, as ADJ as , ADJ-compar than

5. long
Also a combining form.

- ...a three-foot-long gash in the tanker's side.

COMB in ADJ

6. long longer longest
If you describe a distance as long , you mean it seems to be greater than it actually is.

- It was five long miles to the nearest pub.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
≠ short

7. long
If you say that something is the case as long as or so long as something else is the case, you mean that it is only the case if the second thing is the case.

- The interior minister said he would still support them, as long as they didn't break the rules.

- The president need not step down so long as the elections are held under international supervision.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

8. long
If you say that someone won't be long , you mean that you think they will arrive or be back soon. If you say that it won't be long before something happens, you mean that you think it will happen soon.

- `What's happened to her?' --- `I'm sure she won't be long.'.

- The Health Spokesman said it wouldn't be long before those with the money would also get better nursing.

PHR: oft it PHR before cl

9. long
If you say that something will happen or happened before long , you mean that it will happen or happened soon.

- German interest rates will come down before long.

- Before long he took over the editing of the magazine.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR with cl

10. long
You use long live and long may in expressions such as ` long live the Queen ' and ` long may it continue ' to express your support for someone or something and your hope that they will live or last a long time.

- Long live freedom!.

- It is a free world where we are all entitled to our opinions. Long may it remain so.

PHR approval

11. long
Something that is no longer the case used to be the case but is not the case now. You can also say that something is not the case any longer .

- Food shortages are no longer a problem.

- She could no longer afford to keep him at school.

- I noticed that he wasn't sitting by the door any longer.

PHR: PHR group/cl, PHR with v

12. long
You can say so long as an informal way of saying goodbye.

- Well, so long, pal, see you around.

CONVENTION formulae
= bye

long 4 verb uses **

long longs longing longed
If you long for something, you want it very much.

- Steve longed for the good old days.

- I'm longing to meet her.

- He longed for the winter to be over.

VB
See also longing .

longing *

longing longings
If you feel longing or a longing for something, you have a rather sad feeling because you want it very much.

- He felt a longing for the familiar.

- Imelda spoke of her longing to return home.

- I was overwhelmed with longing for those innocent days of early childhood.

N-VAR: oft N for n, N to-inf

long

adjective

1.

elongated

expanded

extended

extensive

far-reaching

lengthy

spread out

stretched

2.

prolonged

interminable

lengthy

lingering

long-drawn-out

protracted

sustained

long

verb

desire

crave

hanker

itch

lust

pine

want

wish

yearn

longing

noun

desire

ambition

aspiration

craving

hope

itch

thirst

urge

wish

yearning

yen informal

long-awaited

adj.

被期待已久的

long-awaited *

long-awaited
A long-awaited event or thing is one that someone has been waiting for for a long time.

- ...the long-awaited signing of a peace agreement.

- ...his long awaited autobiography.

ADJ: ADJ n

long-distance

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:ŋˈdɪstəns, ˈlɔŋ-]

[K.K.:ˈlɔŋˈdɪstəns, ˈlɑŋ-]

adj.

〈美〉长途的,长距离的

long-distance *

1. long-distance
Long-distance is used to describe travel between places that are far apart.

- Trains are reliable, cheap and best for long-distance journeys.

- ...the first long-distance sea voyages made by Portuguese navigators at the end of the 15th century.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. long-distance
Long-distance is used to describe communication that takes place between people who are far apart.

- He received a long-distance phone call from his girlfriend in Colorado.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ local

3. long-distance
Also an adverb.

- I phoned Nicola long distance to suggest it.

ADV: ADV after v

long drawn out

long drawn out
A long drawn out process or conflict lasts an unnecessarily long time or an unpleasantly long time.

- A long drawn out war would likely deepen and prolong the recession.

- ...a long drawn out election campaign.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also long-drawn-out .

longed-for *

longed-for
A longed-for thing or event is one that someone wants very much.

- ...the wet weather that prevents your longed-for picnic.

ADJ: ADJ n

longevity

[D.J.:lɔnˈdʒeviti]

[K.K.:lɑnˈdʒɛvɪti, lɔn-]

n.

长寿, 长命

longevity *

longevity
Longevity is long life. (FORMAL)

- Human longevity runs in families.

- The main characteristic of the strike has been its longevity.

N-UNCOUNT

longhand

[D.J.:ˈlɔŋhænd]

[K.K.:ˈlɔŋˌhænd, ˈlɑŋ-]

n.

普通书法(速记或打字)

longhand

longhand
If you write something down in longhand , you write it by hand using complete words and normal letters rather than typing it or using shortened forms or special symbols.
N-UNCOUNT: usu in N

long-haul

adj.

(尤指飞机)长途运输的

long-haul *

long-haul
Long-haul is used to describe things that involve transporting passengers or goods over long distances.

- ...learning how to avoid the unpleasant side-effects of long-haul flights.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ short-haul

longingly

[D.J.:ˈl ɔ: ŋɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈl ɔ ŋɪ ŋlɪ]

adj.

渴望地,切望地

longingly

longingly
If you look longingly at something you want, or think longingly about it, you look at it or think about it with a feeling of desire.

- Claire looked longingly at the sunlit gardens outside the window.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= yearningly

longish

[ˈlɔŋiʃ]

adj.

稍长的,略长的

longish

longish
Longish means fairly long.

- She's about my age, with longish hair.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

longitude

[D.J.:ˈlɔndʒitju:d]

[K.K.:ˈlɑndʒɪˌtud, -ˌtjud, ˈlɔn-]

n.

经度

longitude

1. longitude longitudes
The longitude of a place is its distance to the west or east of a line passing through Greenwich. Compare latitude .

- He noted the latitude and longitude, then made a mark on the admiralty chart.

N-VAR

2. longitude
Also an adjective.

- A similar feature is found at 13 degrees North between 230 degrees and 250 degrees longitude.

ADJ: usu amount ADJ

longitudinal

[D.J.:lɔndʒiˈtju:dinl]

[K.K.:ˌlɑndʒɪˈtudnəl, -ˈtjud-, ˌlɔn-]

adj.

经度的,纵向的

longitudinal

longitudinal
A longitudinal line or structure goes from one end of an object to the other rather than across it from side to side.
ADJ: ADJ n

long johns

long johns
Long johns are warm underpants with long legs.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

long jump

long jump
The long jump is an athletics contest which involves jumping as far as you can from a marker which you run up to.
N-SING: the N

long-lasting *

long-lasting longer-lasting
Something that is long-lasting lasts for a long time.

- One of the long-lasting effects of the infection is damage to a valve in the heart.

- Civil aircraft engines must be quiet, non-polluting, reliable and long-lasting.

ADJ-GRADED also long lasting .

long-life

adj.

经过延长保质期处理的(牛奶等)

long-life

long-life
Long-life light bulbs and batteries are manufactured so that they last longer than ordinary ones. Long-life fruit juice and in Britain milk have been specially treated so that they last a long time.
ADJ: ADJ n

long-list

1. long-list long-lists
A long-list for something such as a job or a prize is a large group that has been chosen from all the people who applied for the job, or all the people or things that are competing for the prize. The successful ones from this group are chosen to go on the shortlist .

- There are 27 riders on the long-list.

N-COUNT also longlist

2. long-list long-lists long-listing long-listed
If someone or something is long-listed for a job or a prize, they are put on a long-list.

- She was long-listed for the senior team last year.

VB also longlist

long-lived

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:ŋˈlaɪvd, -ˈlɪvd, ˈlɔŋ-]

[K.K.:ˈlɔŋˈlaɪvd, -ˈlɪvd, ˈlɑŋ-]

adj.

长命的

long-lived

long-lived
Something that is long-lived lives or lasts for a long time.

- The flowers may only last a day but the plants are long-lived.

- ...huge piles of long-lived radioactive material.

ADJ-GRADED also long lived .

long-lived

adjective

long-lasting

enduring

long-lost

adj.

遗失了很长时间的

long-lost

long-lost
You use long-lost to describe someone or something that you have not seen for a long time.

- For me it was like meeting a long-lost sister. We talked, and talked, and talked.

- ...finding a long-lost sixth century manuscript.

ADJ: ADJ n

long-range

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:ŋˈreɪndʒ, ˈlɔŋ-]

[K.K.:ˈlɔŋˈrendʒ, ˈlɑŋ-]

adj.

(飞机、火箭等)远程的,远大的,长期的

long-range **

1. long-range
A long-range piece of military equipment or vehicle is able to hit or detect a target a long way away or to travel a long way in order to do something.

- He is very keen to reach agreement with the US on reducing long-range nuclear missiles.

- ...the growing use on the North Atlantic routes of long-range twin-engined aircraft.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. long-range
A long-range plan or prediction relates to a period extending a long time into the future.

- Eisenhower was intensely aware of the need for long-range planning.

- ...a bold, complex, and long-range strategy for improving US education.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

long-running

adj.

长期上演的,上演很长时间的

long-running *

long-running longest-running
Something that is long-running has been in existence, or has been performed, for a long time.

- ...efforts to find a peaceful solution to this long-running war.

- ...a long-running trade dispute...

- He was best-known for his role in the long-running television series.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

longshoreman

[D.J.:ˈlɔŋʃɔ:mən]

[K.K.:ˈlɔŋˈʃɔrmən, -ˈʃor-, ˈlɑŋ-]

n.

港口工人,码头装卸工人

longshoreman

longshoreman longshoremen
A longshoreman is a person who works in the docks, loading and unloading ships. (AM; in BRIT use docker )
N-COUNT

long-sighted

[D.J.:ˈlɔŋˈsaitid]

[K.K.:ˈlɔŋˈsaɪtɪd, ˈlɑŋ-]

n.

眼光远大

long-sighted

long-sighted
Long-sighted people cannot see things clearly that are close to them, and therefore need to wear glasses. (BRIT; in AM use far-sighted )

- My husband is extremely long-sighted while I am very short-sighted.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ short-sighted

long-standing

[D.J.:ˈlɔŋstædiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɔŋˈstændɪŋ, ˈlɑŋ-]

adj.

长期存在的

long-standing **

long-standing
A long-standing situation has existed for a long time.

- They are on the brink of resolving their long-standing dispute over money.

- ...long-standing economic links between Europe and much of Africa.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

long-standing

adjective

established

abiding

enduring

fixed

long-established

long-lasting

time-honoured

long-suffering

[D.J.:ˈlɔŋˈsʌfriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlɔŋˈsʌfərɪŋ, ˈlɑŋ-]

adj.

长期受苦的

n.

长期受苦,忍耐,坚忍

long-suffering *

long-suffering
Someone who is long-suffering patiently bears much trouble or unhappiness, especially when it is caused by someone else.

- He went back to Yorkshire to join his loyal, long-suffering wife.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

long-suffering

adjective

uncomplaining

easy-going

forbearing

forgiving

patient

resigned

stoical

tolerant

long-term

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:ŋˈtɜ:m, ˈlɔŋ-]

[K.K.:ˈlɔŋˈtə..m, ˈlɑŋ-]

adj.

长期的

long-term ****

1. long-term longer-term
Something that is long-term has continued for a long time or will continue for a long time in the future.

- A new training scheme to help the long-term unemployed is expected.

- The association believes new technology will provide a long-term solution to credit card fraud.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ short-term

2. long-term
When you talk about what happens in the long term , you are talking about what happens over a long period of time, either in the future or after a particular event.

- In the long term the company hopes to open in Moscow and other major cities.

- Over the long term, such measures may only make the underlying situation worse.

N-SING: the N
≠ the short term

long-time

adj.

为时已久的，历久的

long-time ***

long-time
You use long-time to describe something that has existed or been a particular thing for a long time.

- Newcomers had to pay far more in taxes than long-time land owners.

- She married her long-time boyfriend.

- ...a long-time member of the pro-democracy movement.

ADJ: ADJ n

long wave

long wave
Long wave is a range of radio waves which are used for broadcasting.

- ...broadcasting on long wave.

- ...1500m on long wave.

N-UNCOUNT

long-wearing

long-wearing
Something that is long-wearing is strong and well made so that it lasts for a long time and stays in good condition even though it is used a lot. (AM; in BRIT use hard-wearing )

- ...luxurious, long-wearing, real-leather slippers.

ADJ also long wearing .
= strong durable

long-winded

[D.J.:ˈlɔŋˈwindid]

[K.K.:ˈlɔŋˈwɪndɪd, ˈlɑŋ-]

adj.

气长的,啰嗦的,冗长的

long-winded

long-winded
If you describe something that is written or said as long-winded , you are critical of it because it is longer than necessary.

- The manifesto is long-winded, repetitious and often ambiguous or poorly drafted.

- I hope I'm not being too long-winded.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ disapproval
= verbose

long-winded

adjective

rambling

lengthy

long-drawn-out

prolix

prolonged

repetitious

tedious

tiresome

verbose

wordy

loo

[D.J.:lu:]

[K.K.:lu]

n.

〈英口〉厕所

loo *

loo loos
A loo is a toilet. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I asked if I could go to the loo.

- ...public loos.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

loofah

[D.J.:ˈlu:fə]

[K.K.:ˈlufə]

n.

丝瓜

loofah

loofah loofahs
A loofah is a long rough sponge-like piece of plant fibre which you use to scrub your body.
N-COUNT

look

[D.J.:luk]

[K.K.:lʊk]

vt. & vi.

看, 瞧

vi.

面向, 朝向

link v.

看来, 显得

n.

看, 瞥

脸色, 神色, 表情

美貌

looking

[D.J.:ˈlukiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlʊkɪŋ]

adj.

有…样子的,有…相貌的

look 1 using your eyes or your mind *****

1. look looks looking looked
If you look in a particular direction, you direct your eyes in that direction, especially so that you can see what is there or see what something is like.

- I looked down the hallway to room number nine.

- She turned to look at him.

- He looked away, apparently enraged.

- If you look, you'll see what was a lake.

VB

2. look
Also a noun.

- Lucille took a last look in the mirror.

- Assisi has a couple of churches that are worth a look if you have time.

N-SING

3. look looks looking looked
If you look at a book, newspaper, or magazine, you read it fairly quickly or read part of it.

- You've just got to look at the last bit of Act Three.

VB

4. look
Also a noun.

- A quick look at Monday's British newspapers shows that there's plenty of interest in foreign news.

N-SING: oft N at n

5. look looks looking looked
If someone, especially an expert, looks at something, they examine it, and then deal with it or say how it should be dealt with.

- Can you look at my back? I think something's wrong.

VB

6. look
Also a noun.

- The car has not been running very well and a mechanic had to come over to have a look at it.

N-SING: usu N at n

7. look looks looking looked
If you look at someone in a particular way, you look at them with your expression showing what you are feeling or thinking.

- She looked at him earnestly. `You don't mind?'

VB

8. look looks
Also a noun.

- He gave her a blank look, as if he had no idea who she was.

- Sally spun round, a feigned look of surprise on her face.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft adj N, N of n

9. look looks looking looked
If you look for something, for example something that you have lost, you try to find it.

- I'm looking for a child. I believe your husband can help me find her.

- I had gone to Maine looking for a place to work.

- I looked everywhere for ideas.

- Have you looked on the piano?

VB
= search

10. look
Also a noun.

- Go and have another look.

N-SING

11. look looks looking looked
If you are looking for something such as the solution to a problem or a new method, you want it and are trying to obtain it or think of it.

- The working group will be looking for practical solutions to the problems faced by doctors.

- He's looking for a way out from this conflict.

VB
= seek

12. look looks looking looked
If you look at a subject, problem, or situation, you think about it or study it, so that you know all about it and can perhaps consider what should be done in relation to it.

- Next term we'll be looking at the Second World War period.

- Anne Holker looks at the pros and cons of making changes to your property.

- He visited Florida a few years ago looking at the potential of the area to stage a big match.

VB
= examine consider

13. look
Also a noun.

- A close look at the statistics reveals a troubling picture.

N-SING: oft N at n

14. look looks looking looked
If you look at a person, situation, or subject from a particular point of view, you judge them or consider them from that point of view.

- Brian had learned to look at her with new respect.

- It depends how you look at it.

VB

15. look
You say look when you want someone to pay attention to you because you are going to say something important.

- Look, I'm sorry. I didn't mean it.

- Now, look, here is how things stand.

CONVENTION

16. look looks looking looked
You can use look to draw attention to a particular situation, person, or thing, for example because you find it very surprising, significant, or annoying.

- Hey, look at the time! We'll talk about it tonight. All right?.

- I mean, look at how many people watch television and how few read books.

- Look what a mess you've made of your life.

VB: only imper

17. look looks looking looked
If something such as a building or window looks somewhere, it has a view of a particular place.

- The castle looks over private parkland.

- Each front door looks across a narrow alley to the front door opposite.

VB

18. look out looks out; looking out; looked out
Look out means the same as look .

- Nine windows looked out over the sculpture gardens.

- We sit on the terrace, which looks out on the sea.

PHR-V

19. look looks looking looked
If you are looking to do something, you are aiming to do it.

- We're not looking to make a fortune.

- ...young mums looking to get fit after having kids.

VB

20. look
If you say that someone did something and then never looked back , you mean that they were very successful from that time on. (mainly BRIT)

- I went freelance when my son Adam was born, and have never looked back.

PHR

21. look
If you look someone in the eye or look them in the face , you look straight at their eyes in a bold and open way, for example in order to make them realize that you are telling the truth.

- He could not look her in the eye.

PHR: V inflects

22. look
If you say that someone looks the other way , you are critical of them because they pay no attention to something unpleasant that is happening, when they should be dealing with it properly.

- Judges and politicians routinely looked the other way while people were tortured or killed by police.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

23. look
You say look here when you are going to say something important to someone, especially when you are angry at what they have done or said.

- Now look here, Tim, there really is no need for that kind of reaction.

CONVENTION feelings

24. look
If you say or shout ` look out! ' to someone, you are warning them that they are in danger.

- `Look out!' somebody shouted, as the truck started to roll toward the sea.

EXCLAM

25. look
If someone looks you up and down , they direct their eyes from your head to your feet, in a rude and superior way and often as though they disapprove of you.

- The sales assistant looked me up and down and told me not to try the dress on because she didn't think I would get into it.

PHR: V inflects

look 2 appearance *****

1. look looks looking looked
You use look when describing the appearance of a person or thing or the impression that they give.

- Sheila was looking miserable.

- I shall use the money to make my home look lovely.

- You don't look 15 years old.

- He does not look the most reliable of animals.

- They look like stars to the naked eye.

- He looked as if he was going to smile.

- Everybody in the club looked to be fourteen years old.

V-LINK

2. -looking

- She was a very peculiar-looking woman.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

3. look
If someone or something has a particular look , they have a particular appearance or expression.

- She had the look of someone deserted and betrayed.

- When he came to decorate the kitchen, Kenneth opted for a friendly rustic look.

- To soften a formal look, Caroline recommends ethnic blouses.

N-SING: with supp
= appearance

4. look looks
When you refer to someone's looks , you are referring to how beautiful or ugly they are, especially how beautiful they are.

- I never chose people just because of their looks.

- ...a young woman with wholesome good looks.

N-PLURAL

5. look looks looking looked
You use look when indicating what you think will happen in the future or how a situation seems to you.

- He had lots of time to think about the future, and it didn't look good.

- Britain looks set to send a major force of over 100 tanks and supporting equipment.

- So far it looks like Warner Brothers' gamble is paying off.

- The Europeans had hoped to win, and, indeed, had looked like winning.

- The team had stormed into a two-goal lead and looked to be cruising to a third round place.

V-LINK

6. look
You use expressions such as by the look of him and by the looks of it when you want to indicate that you are giving an opinion based on the appearance of someone or something.

- He was not a well man by the look of him.

- By the look of things, Mr Stone and company will stay busy.

PHR

7. look
If you don't like the look of something or someone, you feel that they may be dangerous or cause problems.

- I don't like the look of those clouds.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

8. look
If you ask what someone or something looks like , you are asking for a description of them.
PHR: V inflects

look out for *****

1. look out looks out; looking out; looked out
If you look out for something, you pay attention to things so that you notice it if or when it occurs.

- Look out for special deals.

- What are the symptoms to look out for?

PHR-V
= watch for

2. look out looks out; looking out; looked out
If you look out for someone, you make sure that they have all the advantages that they can.

- I'm just trying to look out for you.

- I felt that I had to look out for myself, because I didn't see that anyone else was going to.

PHR-V

look

verb

1.

see

contemplate

examine

eye

gaze

glance

observe

scan

study

survey

view

watch

2.

seem

appear

look like

strike one as

3.

face

front

overlook

4.

hope

anticipate

await

expect

reckon on

5.

search

forage

hunt

seek

noun

6.

view

examination

gaze

glance

glimpse

inspection

observation

peek

sight

7.

appearance

air

aspect

bearing

countenance

demeanour

expression

manner

semblance

look out

verb Informal

be careful

beware

keep an eye out

pay attention

watch out

look after *****

1. look after looks after; looking after; looked after
If you look after someone or something, you do what is necessary to keep them healthy, safe, or in good condition.

- I love looking after the children.

- People don't look after other people's property in the same way as they look after their own.

PHR-V
= take care of

2. look after looks after; looking after; looked after
If you look after something, you are responsible for it and deal with it or make sure it is all right, especially because it is your job to do so.

- ...the farm manager who looks after the day-to-day organization...

- We'll help you look after your finances.

PHR-V
= attend to

look after

verb

take care of

attend to

care for

guard

keep an eye on

mind

nurse

protect

supervise

take charge of

tend

look ahead *****

look ahead looks ahead; looking ahead; looked ahead
If you look ahead , you think about what is going to happen in the future and perhaps make plans for the future.

- I'm trying to look ahead at what might happen and be ready to handle it.

PHR-V

look around *****

look around looks around; looking around; looked around
If you look around or look round a building or place, you walk round it and look at the different parts of it.

- We went to look round the show homes.

- I'm going to look around and see what I can find.

PHR-V (BRIT) also look round

look back *****

look back looks back; looking back; looked back
If you look back , you think about things that happened in the past.

- Looking back, I am staggered how easily it was all arranged.

PHR-V

look down on *****

look down looks down; looking down; looked down
To look down on someone means to consider that person to be inferior or unimportant, usually when this is not true.

- I wasn't successful, so they looked down on me.

PHR-V

look down on

verb

disdain

contemn

despise

scorn

sneer

spurn

look forward to *****

1. look forward looks forward; looking forward; looked forward
If you look forward to something that is going to happen, you want it to happen because you think you will enjoy it.

- He was looking forward to working with the new Prime Minister.

PHR-V

2. look forward looks forward; looking forward; looked forward
If you say that someone is looking forward to something useful or positive, you mean they expect it to happen.

- Motor traders are looking forward to a further increase in vehicle sales.

PHR-V

look forward to

verb

anticipate

await

expect

hope for

long for

look for

wait for

look in *****

look in looks in; looking in; looked in
If you look in on a person or place, you visit them for a short time, usually when you are on your way somewhere else.

- I looked in on Louisa. She was sleeping.

PHR-V

look into *****

look into looks into; looking into; looked into
If a person or organization is looking into a possible course of action, a problem, or a situation, they are finding out about it and examining the facts relating to it.

- He had once looked into buying his own island off Nova Scotia.

- It should also look into the possibilities of wind-generated electricity.

PHR-V
= investigate

look on *****

look on looks on; looking on; looked on
If you look on while something happens, you watch it happening without taking part yourself.

- About 150 local people looked on in silence as the two coffins were taken into the church.

PHR-V
= watch

look on, look upon *****

look on looks on; looking on; looked on
If you look on or look upon someone or something in a particular way, you think of them in that way.

- A lot of people looked on him as a healer.

- A lot of people look on it like that.

- Employers look favourably on applicants who have work experience.

PHR-V
= consider

look over *****

look over looks over; looking over; looked over
If you look something over , you examine it quite quickly in order to get a general idea of what it is like.

- They presented their draft to the president, who looked it over, nodded and signed it.

- He could have looked over the papers in less than ten minutes.

PHR-V

look through *****

1. look through looks through; looking through; looked through
If you look through a group of things, you examine each one so that you can find or choose the one that you want.

- Peter starts looking through the mail as soon as the door shuts.

PHR-V

2. look through looks through; looking through; looked through
If you look through something that has been written or printed, you read it.

- He happened to be looking through the medical book `Gray's Anatomy' at the time.

PHR-V

3. look through looks through; looking through; looked through
If you say that someone looks through another person, you mean that they look at that person without seeming to see them or recognize them, for example because they are angry with them or are thinking deeply about something else.

- As for doctors, when you go to see them they just look right through you.

PHR-V

look to *****

1. look to looks to; looking to; looked to
If you look to someone or something for a particular thing that you want, you expect or hope that they will provide it.

- The difficulties women encounter with their doctors partly explain why so many of us are looking to alternative therapies.

PHR-V

2. look to looks to; looking to; looked to
If you look to something that will happen in the future, you think about it.

- Looking to the future, though, we asked him what the prospects are for a vaccine to prevent infection in the first place.

PHR-V

look up *****

1. look up looks up; looking up; looked up
If you look up a fact or a piece of information, you find it out by looking in something such as a reference book or a list.

- I looked your address up in the personnel file.

- Many people have to look up the meaning of this word in the dictionary.

PHR-V

2. look up looks up; looking up; looked up
If you look someone up , you visit them after not having seen them for a long time.

- I'll try to look him up, ask him a few questions.

- She looked up some friends of bygone years.

PHR-V
= visit

3. look up looks up; looking up; looked up
If a situation is looking up , it is improving. (INFORMAL)

- Things could be looking up in the computer industry.

PHR-V: usu cont
= improve

look up to *****

look up looks up; looking up; looked up
If you look up to someone, especially someone older than you, you respect and admire them.

- You're a popular girl, Grace, and a lot of the younger ones look up to you.

PHR-V
= admire

look up

verb

1.

research

find

hunt for

search for

seek out

track down

2.

improve

get better

perk up

pick up

progress

shape up informal

3.

visit

call on

drop in on informal

look in on

look up to

4.

respect

admire

defer to

esteem

honour

revere

look-alike

[D.J.:ˈlukəˌlaik]

[K.K.:ˈlʊkəˌlaɪk]

n.

面貌酷似的人

look-alike

look-alike look-alikes
A look-alike is someone who has a very similar appearance to another person, especially a famous person.

- ...a Marilyn Monroe look-alike.

N-COUNT: usu n-proper N

looker

[D.J.:ˈlukə]

[K.K.:ˈlʊkɚ]

n.

观看者,检查员,〈口〉十分漂亮的人,美人

looker

looker lookers
You can refer to an attractive man or woman as a looker or a good looker . (INFORMAL)

- She was quite a looker before this happened.

N-COUNT

look-in

[D.J.:ˈlukˌin]

[K.K.:ˈlʊkˌɪn]

n.

看望,成功的机会

look-in

look-in
If you are trying to take part in an activity and you do not get a look-in , you do not get the chance to take part because too many other people are doing it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- They want to make sure the newcomers don't get a look-in.

N-SING: usu with brd-neg, a N

looking glass

looking glass looking glasses
A looking glass is a mirror. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT also looking-glass .

lookout

[D.J.:ˈlʊkˌaʊt]

[K.K.:ˈlʊkˌaʊt]

n.

警戒, 注意

瞭望台, 监视哨

景色;远景;前途

be sb’s (own) lookout

是某人(自己)的问题；由某人(自己)负责

be on the lookout (for sb/sth); keep alookout (for sb/sth)

寻找( 某人/某物)

lookout *

1. lookout lookouts
A lookout is a place from which you can see clearly in all directions.

- Troops tried to set up a lookout post inside a refugee camp.

N-COUNT

2. lookout lookouts
A lookout is someone who is watching for danger in order to warn other people about it.
N-COUNT
= sentry

3. lookout
If someone keeps a lookout , especially on a boat, they look around all the time in order to make sure there is no danger.

- He denied that he'd failed to keep a proper lookout that night.

PHR: V inflects

4. lookout
If you are keeping a lookout for something or are on the lookout for it, you are alert and careful about it, either because you do not want to miss it or because it will be unpleasant or harmful and you need to avoid it.

- Keep a lookout for a nasty little organization calling itself Defence Through Strength.

- Nature lovers will be on the lookout for eagles, cormorants, and the occasional whale.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR for n

lookout

noun

1.

vigil

guard

readiness

watch

2.

watchman

guard

sentinel

sentry

3.

watchtower

observation post

observatory

post

4.

concern

business

worry

loom

[D.J.:lu:m]

[K.K.:lum]

n.

织布机

vi. & link v.

隐约出现; 阴森地逼近

looming

[ˈlu:miŋ]

n.

上现蜃景(光通过低层大气发生异常折射形成的一种海市蜃楼)

loom **

1. loom looms looming loomed
If something looms over you, it appears as a large or unclear shape, often in a frightening way.

- Vincent loomed over me, as pale and grey as a tombstone.

- ...the bleak mountains that loomed out of the blackness and towered around us.

VB

2. loom looms looming loomed
If a worrying or threatening situation or event is looming , it seems likely to happen soon. (JOURNALISM)

- Another government spending crisis is looming in the United States.

- The threat of renewed civil war looms ahead.

- ...the looming threat of recession.

VB

3. loom
If something, especially a problem or worry looms large , it occupies a lot of your thoughts and seems important.

- ...the terrible problem of armed crime now looming large in our society...

- As such tensions increase, they loom larger in Russia's domestic politics.

PHR: V inflects

4. loom looms
A loom is a machine that is used for weaving thread into cloth.
N-COUNT

loom

verb

appear

bulk

emerge

hover

impend

menace

take shape

threaten

loom up **

loom up looms up; looming up; loomed up
If something looms up , it comes into sight as a tall, unclear shape, often in a frightening way.

- The great house loomed up ahead of them.

PHR-V

loony

[D.J.:ˈlu:ni]

[K.K.:ˈluni]

adj. & n.

疯狂的, 怪诞的; 疯子, 狂人

loony *

1. loony loonier looniest
If you describe someone's behaviour or ideas as loony , you mean that they seem mad, strange, or eccentric. (INFORMAL)

- What's she up to? She's as loony as her brother!

- ...loony feminist nonsense.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. loony loonies
If you refer to someone as a loony , you mean that they behave in a way that seems mad, strange, or eccentric. (INFORMAL)

- At first they all thought I was a loony.

N-COUNT disapproval
= nutter

loop

[D.J.:lu:p]

[K.K.:lup]

n.

圈, 环, 环状物

回路, 循环

vt. & vi.

(使)成环, (使)成圈

looped

[D.J.:lu:pt]

[K.K.:lupt]

adj.

酩酊大醉的,成圈的

looping

[ˈlu:piŋ]

n.

循环

loop **

1. loop loops
A loop is a curved or circular shape in something long, for example in a piece of string.

- Mrs. Morrell reached for a loop of garden hose.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. loop loops looping looped
If you loop something such as a piece of rope around an object, you tie a length of it in a loop around the object, for example in order to fasten it to the object.

- He looped the rope over the wood.

- He wore the watch and chain looped round his neck like a medallion.

VB

3. loop loops looping looped
If something loops somewhere, it goes there in a circular direction that makes the shape of a loop.

- The enemy was looping around the south side.

- The helicopter took off and headed north. Then it looped west, heading for the hills.

VB

4. loop
If someone is in the loop , they are part of a group of people who make decisions about important things, or they know about these decisions. If they are out of the loop , they do not make or know about important decisions. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- I think that the vice president was in the loop.

- These activists don't want to feel out of the loop.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

loop

noun

1.

curve

circle

coil

curl

ring

spiral

twirl

twist

whorl

verb

2.

twist

coil

curl

knot

roll

spiral

turn

wind round

loophole

[D.J.:ˈlu:pˌhəʊl]

[K.K.:ˈlupˌhol]

n.

漏洞, 空子

观察孔, 枪眼, 透光孔, 换气孔

loophole *

loophole loopholes
A loophole in the law is a small mistake which allows people to do something that would otherwise be illegal.

- It is estimated that 60,000 shops open every Sunday and trade by exploiting some loophole in the law to avoid prosecution.

N-COUNT: oft N in n

loophole

noun

let-out

escape

excuse

loose

[D.J.:lu:s]

[K.K.:lus]

adj.

松的, 宽松的, 不牢固的

不精确的, 不严密的

自由的; 散漫的

vt.

释放, 失去控制

loosely

[D.J.:ˈlu:slɪ]

[K.K.:ˈluslɪ]

adv.

松弛地;零散地

轻率地;不严谨地

放荡地,生活堕落地

loosing

[ˈlu:siŋ]

adj.

不稳定的

v.

松弛

loose ***

1. loose looser loosest
Something that is loose is not firmly held or fixed in place.

- If a tooth feels very loose, your dentist may recommend that it's taken out.

- Two wooden beams had come loose from the ceiling.

- His tie was pulled loose and his collar hung open.

- She idly pulled at a loose thread on her skirt.

ADJ-GRADED

2. loosely

- Tim clasped his hands together and held them loosely in front of his belly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. loose
Something that is loose is not attached to anything, or held or contained in anything.

- Two young men were racing motorcycles on the loose gravel.

- Frank emptied a handful of loose change on the table.

- A page came loose and floated onto the tiles.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. loose
If people or animals break loose or are set loose , they are no longer held, tied, or kept somewhere and can move around freely.

- She broke loose from his embrace and crossed to the window.

- Why didn't you tell me she'd been set loose?.

- Jack was chased by a loose dog.

ADJ: ADJ after v, ADJ n, v-link ADJ

5. loose looser loosest
Clothes that are loose are rather large and do not fit closely.

- A pistol wasn't that hard to hide under a loose shirt.

- Wear loose clothes as they're more comfortable.

ADJ-GRADED
= baggy ≠ tight

6. loosely

- His shirt hung loosely over his thin shoulders.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

7. loose
If your hair is loose , it hangs freely round your shoulders and is not tied back.

- She was still in her nightdress, with her hair hanging loose over her shoulders.

ADJ

8. loose
If something is loose in texture, there is space between the different particles or threads it consists of.

- She gathered loose soil and let it filter slowly through her fingers.

ADJ

9. loose looser loosest
A loose grouping, arrangement, or organization is flexible rather than strictly controlled or organized.

- Murray and Alison came to some sort of loose arrangement before he went home.

- He wants a loose coalition of leftwing forces.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ rigid

10. loosely

- The investigation had aimed at a loosely organised group of criminals.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

11. loose looser loosest
Loose words or expressions are not exact but rather vague.

- ...a loose translation...

- He despised loose thinking.

ADJ-GRADED
= imprecise

12. loosely

- The book follows four characters, loosely based on my uncles.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed, ADV after v

13. loose looser loosest
If someone describes a woman or someone's behaviour as loose , they disapprove of that person because they think she or he has sexual relationships with too many people. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Is an actress who strips off in public necessarily a loose woman in private?.

- Lust now seems to be associated with casual sex and loose morals.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

14. loose looses loosing loosed
To loose a shot, arrow, or missile means to fire it.

- He trained his gun down and loosed a brief burst.

VB

15. loose off looses off; loosing off; loosed off
Loose off means the same as loose . (BRIT)

- He loosed off two shots at the oncoming car.

PHR-V

16. loose looses loosing loosed
If you loose something, you hold it less tightly or untie it slightly or completely.

- He gave a grunt and loosed his grip on the rifle.

- The guards loosed his arms.

VB

17. loose
If a person or an animal is on the loose , they are free because they have escaped from a person or place.

- Up to a thousand prisoners may be on the loose inside the jail.

- A man-eating lion is on the loose somewhere in England.

PHR: v-link PHR

loose

adjective

1.

untied

free

insecure

unattached

unbound

unfastened

unfettered

unrestricted

2.

slack

easy

relaxed

sloppy

3.

vague

ill-defined

imprecise

inaccurate

indistinct

inexact

rambling

random

4.

promiscuous

abandoned

debauched

dissipated

dissolute

fast

immoral

profligate

verb

5.

free

detach

disconnect

liberate

release

set free

unfasten

unleash

untie

loose end *

1. loose end loose ends
A loose end is part of a story, situation, or crime that has not yet been explained.

- There are some annoying loose ends in the plot.

N-COUNT

2. loose end
If you are at a loose end , you are bored because you do not have anything to do and cannot think of anything that you want to do. In American English, you usually say that you are at loose ends . (INFORMAL)

- Adolescents are most likely to get into trouble when they're at a loose end.

PHR: v-link PHR

loose-fitting

loose-fitting
Loose-fitting clothes are rather large and do not fit tightly on your body.
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also loose fitting .

loosen

[D.J.:ˈlu:sən]

[K.K.:ˈlusən]

vt. & vi.

解开; 放松

松弛

loosened

疏松的

loosening

松散

loosen **

1. loosen loosens loosening loosened
If someone loosens restrictions or laws, for example, they make them less strict or severe.

- Many business groups have been pressing the Federal Reserve to loosen interest rates.

- Drilling regulations, too, have been loosened to speed the development of the fields.

VB

2. loosening

- Domestic conditions did not justify a loosening of monetary policy.

N-SING: usu N of n

3. loosen loosens loosening loosened
If someone or something loosens the ties between people or groups of people, or if the ties loosen , they become weaker.

- The Federal Republic must loosen its ties with the United States.

- The deputy leader is cautious about loosening the links with the unions.

- The ties that bind them together are loosening.

V-ERG

4. loosen loosens loosening loosened
If you loosen your clothing or something that is tied or fastened, you undo it slightly so that it is less tight or less firmly held in place.

- He reached up to loosen the scarf around his neck.

- Loosen the bolt so the bars can be turned.

- Her hair had loosened and was tangled around her shoulders.

V-ERG
≠ tighten

5. loosen loosens loosening loosened
If you loosen something that is stretched across something else, you make it less stretched or tight.

- Insert a small knife into the top of the chicken breast to loosen the skin.

VB

6. loosen loosens loosening loosened
If you loosen your grip on something, or if your grip loosens , you hold it less tightly.

- Harry loosened his grip momentarily and Anna wriggled free.

- When his grip loosened she eased herself away.

V-ERG

7. loosen loosens loosening loosened
If a government or organization loosens its grip on a group of people or an activity, or if its grip loosens , it begins to have less control over it.

- There is no sign that the Party will loosen its tight grip on the country.

- The Soviet Union's grip on Eastern Europe loosened.

V-ERG
= relax

8. loosen
If you say that something has loosened someone's tongue , you mean that it has made them talk about something, often when they should have remained silent.

- The wine had loosened his tongue.

PHR: V inflects

loosen

verb

1.

untie

detach

separate

undo

unloose

2.

free

liberate

release

set free

loosen up

3.

relax

ease up or off

go easy informal

let up

soften

loosen up **

1. loosen up loosens up; loosening up; loosened up
If a person or situation loosens up , they become more relaxed and less tense.

- Relax, smile; loosen up in mind and body and behaviour.

- Things loosened up, in politics and the economy.

- I think people have loosened up their standards.

PHR-V

2. loosen up loosens up; loosening up; loosened up
If you loosen up your body, or if it loosens up , you do simple exercises to get your muscles ready for a difficult physical activity, such as running or playing football.

- Squeeze the foot with both hands, again to loosen up tight muscles.

- Close your eyes. Relax. Let your body loosen up.

PHR-V-ERG

loot

[D.J.:lu:t]

[K.K.:lut]

n.

赃物, 掠夺物, 战利品

vt. & vi.

抢劫, 掠夺

loot **

1. loot loots looting looted
If people loot shops or houses, they steal things from them, for example during a war or riot.

- The trouble began when gangs began breaking windows and looting shops.

- There have been reports of youths taking advantage of the general confusion to loot and steal.

VB
= plunder

2. looting

- In the country's largest cities there has been rioting and looting.

N-UNCOUNT

3. loot loots looting looted
If someone loots things, they steal them, for example during a war or riot.

- The town has been plagued by armed thugs who have looted food supplies and terrorized the population.

- ...lists of looted material ranging from tanks to office fittings.

VB

4. loot
Loot is stolen money or goods. (INFORMAL)

- Most criminals steal in order to sell their loot for cash on the black market.

N-UNCOUNT
= plunder spoils

loot

noun

1.

plunder

booty

goods

haul

prize

spoils

swag slang

verb

2.

plunder

despoil

pillage

raid

ransack

ravage

rifle

rob

sack

looter

掠夺者,抢劫者,强夺者

looter *

looter looters
A looter is a person who steals things from shops or houses, for example during a war or riot.
N-COUNT

lop off

1. lop off lops off; lopping off; lopped off
If you lop something off , you cut it away from what it was attached to, usually with a quick, strong stroke.

- Somebody lopped the heads off our tulips.

- ...men with axes, lopping off branches...

- His ponytail had been lopped off.

PHR-V
= chop

2. lop off lops off; lopping off; lopped off
If you lop an amount of money or time off something such as a budget or a schedule, you reduce the budget or schedule by that amount. (INFORMAL)

- The Air France plane lopped over four hours off the previous best time.

- More than 100 million pounds will be lopped off the prison building programme.

PHR-V

lope

[D.J.:ləʊp]

[K.K.:lop]

vi.

(尤指动物)轻跳着奔跑

n.

大步慢跑

loping

[ˈləupiŋ]

n.

脉动(输送石油产品)

lope

1. lope lopes loping loped
If a person or animal lopes somewhere, they run in an easy and relaxed way, taking long steps.

- He was loping across the sand toward Nancy.

- Matty saw him go loping off, running low.

VB
= lollop

2. loping

- She turned and walked away with long, loping steps.

ADJ: ADJ n

lopsided

[D.J.:ˈlɔpˈsaɪdɪd]

[K.K.:ˈlɑpˈsaɪdɪd]

adj.

不平等的

两侧不匀称〔不平衡〕的;向一侧歪斜的

lopsided

1. lopsided
Something that is lopsided is uneven because one side is lower or heavier than the other.

- His suit had shoulders that made him look lopsided.

- ...a friendly, lopsided grin.

ADJ-GRADED also lop-sided .

2. lopsided
If you say that a situation is lopsided , you mean that one element is much stronger, bigger, or more important than another element.

- In 1916, Georgia Tech beat Cumberland 222-0. No game since has been that lopsided.

- ...lopsided economic relations.

ADJ-GRADED also lop-sided .

lopsided

adjective

crooked

askew

asymmetrical

awry

cockeyed

disproportionate

skewwhiff Brit. informal

squint

unbalanced

uneven

warped

loquacious

[D.J.:ləʊˈkweɪʃəs]

[K.K.:loˈkweʃəs]

adj.

爱说话的,多嘴的

loquacity

n.

loquacity

[ləuˈkwæsiti]

n.

多话,饶舌

loquacious

loquacious
If you describe someone as loquacious , you mean that they talk a lot. (FORMAL)

- The normally loquacious Mr O'Reilly has said little.

ADJ-GRADED
= talkative

lord

[D.J.:lɔ:d]

[K.K.:lɔrd]

n.

领主, 君主, 贵族

上帝

lord ****

1. lord
In Britain, a lord is a man who has a high rank in the nobility, for example an earl, a viscount, or a marquis.

- She married a lord and lives in this huge house in the Cotswolds.

- A few days earlier he had received a telegram from Lord Lloyd.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

2. lord lords
In Britain, judges, bishops, and some male members of the nobility are addressed as ` my Lord '.

- My lord, I am instructed by my client to claim that the evidence has been tampered with.

N-VOC: my N politeness

3. lord
In Britain, Lord is used in the titles of some officials of very high rank.

- He was Lord Chancellor from 1970 until 1974.

- ...Sir Brian Hutton, the Lord Chief Justice for Northern Ireland.

4. lord
The Lords is the same as the House of Lords .

- It's very likely the bill will be defeated in the Lords.

N-PROPER-COLL: the N

5. lord lords
In former times, especially in medieval times, a lord was a man who owned land or property and who had power and authority over people.

- It was the home of the powerful lords of Baux.

N-COUNT

6. lord
In the Christian church, people refer to God and to Jesus Christ as the Lord .

- I know the Lord will look after him.

- She prayed now. `Lord, help me to find courage.'

- ...the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ.

N-PROPER: usu the N; N-VOC
See also Our Lord .

7. lord lords
If you describe a man as the lord of a particular area, industry, or thing, you mean that they have total authority and power over it.

- A century ago the aristocracy were truly lords of the earth.

- ...the lords of the black market.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, usu N of n

8. lord
Lord is used in exclamations such as ` good Lord! ' and ` oh Lord! ' to express surprise, shock, frustration, or annoyance about something.

- `Good lord, that's what he is: he's a policeman.'.

- `They didn't fire you for drinking, did they?' --- `Lord, no! I only drink beer, nowadays.'

EXCLAM feelings
= heavens

9. lord
You can say ` Lord knows ' to emphasize something that you feel or believe very strongly.

- I've got to go home, but Lord knows I dread it.

PHR: usu PHR that emphasis

10. lord
You can say ` Lord knows ' to emphasize that you do not know something.

- He would turn up at meetings, but Lord knows where he came from.

PHR: usu PHR wh emphasis

11. lord
If someone lords it over you, they act in a way that shows that they think they are better than you, especially by giving lots of orders.

- Alex seemed to enjoy lording it over the three girls.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

lord

noun

1.

master

commander

governor

leader

liege

overlord

ruler

superior

2.

nobleman

earl

noble

peer

viscount

Our Lord or the Lord

3.

Jesus Christ

Christ

God

Jehovah

the Almighty

verb

lord it over

4.

order around

boss around informal

domineer

pull rank

put on airs

swagger

lordly

[D.J.:ˈlɔ:dli]

[K.K.:ˈlɔrdli]

adj.

傲慢的; 高傲的

宏伟的; 堂皇的; 贵族气派的

lordly

1. lordly
If you say that someone's behaviour is lordly , you are critical of them because they treat other people in a proud and arrogant way.

- ...their usual lordly indifference to patients.

- ...the lordly elder brother.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

2. lordly
Lordly means impressive and suitable for a lord.

- ...the site of a lordly mansion.

ADJ: ADJ n

lordly

adjective

proud

arrogant

condescending

disdainful

domineering

haughty

high-handed

imperious

lofty

overbearing

Lordship *

Lordship
You use the expressions Your Lordship , His Lordship , or Their Lordships when you are addressing or referring to a judge, bishop, or male member of the nobility.

- My name is Richard Savage, your Lordship.

- His Lordship expressed the hope that the Law Commission might look at the subject.

N-VOC; N-PROPER: det-poss N politeness

Lord's Prayer

Lord's Prayer
The Lord's Prayer is a Christian prayer that was originally taught by Jesus Christ to his followers.
N-PROPER: the N

lore

[D.J.:lɔ:, ləʊr]

[K.K.:lɔr, lor]

n.

学问和传统;(专门的)知识

lore *

lore
The lore of a particular country or culture is its traditional stories and history.

- ...the Book of the Sea, which was stuffed with sailors' lore.

- ...ancient Catalan lore.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

lore

noun

traditions

beliefs

doctrine

sayings

teaching

wisdom

lorry

[D.J.:ˈlɔri]

[K.K.:ˈlɔri, ˈlɑri]

n.

运货汽车, 卡车

lorry **

1. lorry lorries
A lorry is a large vehicle that is used to transport goods by road. (BRIT; in AM use truck )

- ...a seven-ton lorry.

N-COUNT

2. lorry
If someone says that something has fallen off the back of a lorry , or that they got something off the back of a lorry , they mean that they bought something that they knew was stolen. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He gets caviare that has fallen off the back of a lorry.

- Pete once bought the boys a bicycle cheap off the back of a lorry.

PHR: PHR after v

lose

[D.J.:lu:z]

[K.K.:luz]

vt.

遗失; 失去

vt. & vi.

输掉; 失败

浪费

losing

[D.J.:ˈlu:ziŋ]

[K.K.:ˈluzɪŋ]

adj.

失败的,输的

n.

失败,损失

lost

[D.J.:lɔ:st, lɔst]

[K.K.:lɔst, lɑst]

adj.

失去的, 丧失的, 遗失的, 无法恢复的

不知所措的, 困惑 的

all is not lost

还有一线希望( 或生机等)

be lost for words

(惊讶、困惑等得)不知说什么才好

be lost in sth

全神贯注于；沉浸于

be lost on sb

未被某人理解(或注意到)

be lost to the world

把整个世界忘之脑后；(全神贯注于某事而)不注意周围的事情

be/feel lost without sb/sth

离开某人/某物便感觉无法工作(或生活)

get lost!

(让人走开或拒绝时的不礼貌说法)哪儿凉快哪儿呆着去，滚开

give sb/sth up for lost

认为…已没有被找到的希望；认定某人已死(或某物已失捬)

a lost cause

败局已定的设想(或项目、目标)；已注定的败局

make up for lost time

补回失去的时间

lose *****

1. lose loses losing lost
If you lose a contest, a fight, or an argument, you do not succeed because someone does better than you and defeats you.

- A C Milan lost the Italian Cup Final.

- The government lost the argument over the pace of reform.

- The Vietnam conflict ultimately was lost.

- No one likes to be on the losing side.

VB

2. lose loses losing lost
If you lose something, you do not know where it is, for example because you have forgotten where you put it.

- I lost my keys.

- I had to go back for my checkup; they'd lost my X-rays.

VB
= mislay

3. lose loses losing lost
You say that you lose something when you no longer have it because it has been taken away from you or destroyed.

- I lost my job when the company moved to another state.

- He lost his licence for six months.

- She was terrified they'd lose their home.

VB

4. lose loses losing lost
If someone loses a quality, characteristic, attitude, or belief, they no longer have it.

- He lost all sense of reason.

- The government had lost all credibility.

- He had lost his desire to live.

VB

5. lose loses losing lost
If you lose an ability, you stop having that ability because of something such as an accident.

- They lost their ability to hear.

- He had lost the use of his legs.

VB

6. lose loses losing lost
If someone or something loses heat, their temperature becomes lower.

- Babies lose heat much faster than adults.

- A lot of body heat is lost through the scalp.

VB

7. lose loses losing lost
If you lose blood or fluid from your body, it leaves your body so that you have less of it.

- The victim suffered a dreadful injury and lost a lot of blood.

- During fever a large quantity of fluid is lost in perspiration.

VB

8. lose loses losing lost
If you lose weight, you become less heavy, and usually look thinner.

- I have lost a lot of weight.

- Martha was able to lose 25 pounds.

VB

9. lose loses losing lost
If you lose a part of your body, it is cut off in an operation or in a violent accident.

- He lost a foot when he was struck by a train.

VB

10. lose loses losing lost
If someone loses their life, they die.

- ...the ferry disaster in 1987, in which 192 people lost their lives...

- Hundreds of lives were lost in fighting.

VB

11. lose loses losing lost
If you lose a close relative or friend, they die.

- My Grandma lost her brother in the war.

VB

12. lose loses losing lost
If things are lost , they are destroyed in a disaster.

- ...the famous Nankin pottery that was lost in a shipwreck off the coast of China.

VB: usu passive

13. lose loses losing lost
If you lose time, something slows you down so that you do not make as much progress as you hoped.

- They claim that police lost valuable time in the early part of the investigation.

- Six hours were lost in all.

VB

14. lose loses losing lost
If you lose an opportunity, you do not take advantage of it.

- If you don't do it soon you're going to lose the opportunity.

- They did not lose the opportunity to say what they thought of events.

- ...a lost opportunity.

VB

15. lose loses losing lost
If you lose yourself in something or if you are lost in it, you give a lot of attention to it and do not think about anything else.

- Michael held on to her arm, losing himself in the music.

- He was lost in the contemplation of the landscape.

VB
= absorb

16. lose loses losing lost
If a business loses money, it earns less money than it spends, and is therefore in debt.

- His shops stand to lose millions of pounds.

- $1 billion a year may be lost.

VB

17. lose loses losing lost
If something loses you a contest or loses you something that you had, it causes you to fail or to no longer have what you had.

- My own stupidity lost me the match.

- His economic mismanagement has lost him the support of the general public.

VB

18. lose
If you say that you have nothing to lose , you mean that you will not suffer if your action is unsuccessful. If you say that you have much to lose , you mean that you may suffer if your action is unsuccessful.

- They say they have nothing to lose and will continue protesting until the government vetos the agreement.

- Both countries have much to lose if there is a war.

PHR: V inflects

19. lose
If someone loses it , they become extremely angry or upset. (INFORMAL)

- I completely lost it. I went mad, berserk.

PHR: V inflects

20. lose
If you say that someone is losing it , you mean that they are becoming crazy. (INFORMAL)

- I'm afraid he's really lost it.

PHR: V inflects

21. lose
If you say that someone loses no opportunity to do or say a particular thing, you are emphasizing that they do it or say it whenever it is possible.

- The President has lost no opportunity to capitalise on his new position.

- He said some sections of the press had lost no opportunity to create the impression that she was guilty.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR to-inf emphasis

22. lose
If you say that someone loses no time in doing something, you are emphasizing that they act quickly in order to benefit from a situation.

- Officials have lost no time in expressing their concern and grief over this incident.

- Francine lost no time in defending herself.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR in -ing emphasis

23. lose
If you lose your way , you become lost when you are trying to go somewhere.

- The men lost their way in a sandstorm.

PHR: V inflects

24. lose
If you say that someone loses their way , you think they no longer have a clear idea of what they want to do or achieve.

- For a while the artist completely lost his way. The famous humour gave way to sentimental nonsense.

- If we cannot understand that there's an issue of principle here, then we have lost our way.

PHR: V inflects

lost ***

1. lost
Lost is the past tense and past participle of lose .

2. lost
If you are lost or if you get lost , you do not know where you are or are unable to find your way.

- Barely had I set foot in the street when I realised I was lost.

- I took a wrong turn and we got lost in the mountains.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

3. lost
If something is lost , or gets lost , you cannot find it, for example because you have forgotten where you put it.

- ...a lost book...

- My paper got lost.

- He was scrabbling for his pen, which had got lost somewhere under the sheets of paper.

ADJ
= mislaid

4. lost
If you feel lost , you feel very uncomfortable because you are in an unfamiliar situation.

- Of the funeral he remembered only the cold, the waiting, and feeling very lost.

- I feel lost and lonely in a strange town alone.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

5. lost
If you describe a person or group of people as lost , you think that they do not have a clear idea of what they want to do or achieve.

- They are a lost generation in search of an identity.

ADJ

6. lost
If you describe something as lost , you mean that you no longer have it or it no longer exists.

- ...their lost homeland.

- ...a lost job or promotion...

- The sense of community is lost.

- The riots will also mean lost income for Los Angeles County.

ADJ

7. lost
You use lost to refer to a period or state of affairs that existed in the past and no longer exists.

- He seemed to pine for his lost youth.

- They are links to a lost age.

- ...the relics of a lost civilisation.

ADJ: ADJ n
= past

8. lost
If something is lost , it is not used properly and is considered wasted.

- Fox is not bitter about the lost opportunity to compete in the Games.

- The advantage is lost.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ
= wasted

9. lost
If you tell someone to get lost , you are telling them in a very rude way to go away. (RUDE)
PHR

10. lost
If advice or a comment is lost on someone, they do not understand it or they pay no attention to it.

- The meaning of that was lost on me.

- This was a neighborhood where clearly you could be murdered for a pack of cigarettes, a fact that was not lost on me.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

11. lost
If you are lost in thought , you give all your attention to what you are thinking about and do not notice what is going on around you.

- She was silent for a while, lost in thought, staring at the books littering the room.

PHR: V inflects

12. lost
If you say that you would be lost without someone or something, you mean that you would be unhappy or unable to work properly without them.

- I'd be lost without you here.

- I love the game and I'd be lost without golf now.

PHR: V inflects

lose

verb

1.

mislay

be deprived of

drop

forget

misplace

2.

forfeit

miss

pass up informal

yield

3.

be defeated

come to grief

lose out

lost

adjective

1.

missing

disappeared

mislaid

misplaced

vanished

wayward

2.

off-course

adrift

astray

at sea

disoriented

off-track

lose out *****

lose out loses out; losing out; lost out
If you lose out , you suffer a loss or disadvantage because you have not succeeded in what you were doing.

- We both lost out.

- Laura lost out to Tom.

- Women have lost out in this new pay flexibility.

- Egypt has lost out on revenues from the Suez Canal.

PHR-V

loser

[D.J.:ˈlu:zə]

[K.K.:ˈluzɚ]

n.

受损失者, 失败者

loser **

1. loser losers
If someone is a good loser , they accept that they have lost a game or contest without complaining. If someone is a bad loser , they hate losing and complain about it.

- ...the Dallas Cowboys and Buffalo Bills, the winners and losers of this year's Super Bowl.

- I'm sure the prime minister will turn out to be a good loser.

- You are a very bad loser Lou, aren't you?

PHR: usu v-link PHR

2. loser losers
If you refer to someone as a loser , you have a low opinion of them because you think they are always unsuccessful. (INFORMAL)

- They've only been trained to compete with other men, so a successful woman can make them feel like a real loser.

N-COUNT disapproval
= failure

3. loser losers
People who are losers as the result of an action or event, are in a worse situation because of it or do not benefit from it.

- Some of Britain's top business leaders of the 1980s have become the country's greatest losers in the recession.

N-COUNT: usu pl
≠ beneficiary

loser

noun

failure

also-ran

dud informal

flop informal

loss

[D.J.:lɔs]

[K.K.:lɔs, lɑs]

n.

丧失; 遗失

损耗, 亏损

损失

loss ****

1. loss losses
Loss is the fact of no longer having something or having less of it than before.

- ...loss of sight...

- The loss of income for the government is about $250 million a month.

- ...hair loss...

- The job losses will reduce the total workforce to 7,000.

N-VAR: usu with supp

2. loss losses
Loss of life occurs when people die.

- ...a terrible loss of human life...

- The allies suffered less than 20 casualties while enemy losses were said to be high.

N-VAR: usu with supp

3. loss
The loss of a relative or friend is their death.

- They took the time to talk about the loss of Thomas and how their grief was affecting them.

- ...the loss of his mother.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, usu the N of n
= death

4. loss losses
If a business makes a loss , it earns less than it spends.

- In 1986 Rover made a loss of nine hundred million pounds.

- The company said it will stop producing fertilizer in 1990 because of continued losses.

- ...profit and loss.

N-VAR
≠ profit

5. loss
Loss is the feeling of sadness you experience when someone or something you like is taken away from you.

- Talk to others about your feelings of loss and grief.

- He always woke with a sense of deep sorrow and depressing loss.

N-UNCOUNT

6. loss losses
A loss is the disadvantage you suffer when a valuable and useful person or thing leaves or is taken away.

- She said his death was a great loss to herself.

N-COUNT: usu sing

7. loss
The loss of something such as heat, blood, or fluid is the gradual reduction of it or of its level in a system or in someone's body.

- ...blood loss.

- ...weight loss.

- ...a rapid loss of heat from the body.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

8. loss
If a business produces something at a loss , they sell it at a price which is less than it cost them to produce it or buy it.

- Timber owners have often produced lumber at a loss and survived these down cycles in demand.

PHR: PHR after v

9. loss
If you say that you are at a loss , you mean that you do not know what to do in a particular situation.

- I was at a loss for what to do next.

- The government is at a loss to know how to tackle the violence.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, usu PHR for n, PHR to-inf

10. loss
If you cut your losses , you stop doing what you were doing in order to prevent the bad situation that you are in becoming worse.

- Directors are right to cut their losses, admit they chose the wrong man and make a change.

PHR: V inflects

11. loss
If you say that someone or something is a dead loss , you have a low opinion of them because you think they are completely useless or unsuccessful. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I'd had no experience of organizing anything of that sort. I think I was largely a dead loss.

PHR: usu v-link PHR disapproval

loss

noun

1.

defeat

failure

forfeiture

mislaying

squandering

waste

2.

damage

cost

destruction

harm

hurt

injury

ruin

sometimes plural 3.

deficit

debit

debt

deficiency

depletion

at a loss

4.

confused

at one's wits' end

baffled

bewildered

helpless

nonplussed

perplexed

puzzled

stumped

loss adjuster

loss adjuster loss adjusters
A loss adjuster is someone who is employed by an insurance company to decide how much money should be paid to a person making a claim. (BRIT; in AM use insurance adjuster or claims adjuster )
N-COUNT also loss adjustor .

loss leader

loss leader loss leaders
A loss leader is an item that is sold at such a low price that it makes a loss in the hope that customers will be attracted by it and buy other goods at the same shop.
N-COUNT also loss-leader .

lost and found

1. lost and found.
Lost and found is the place where lost property is kept. (AM; in BRIT use lost property )
N-SING

2. lost and found.
Lost and found things are things which someone has lost and which someone else has found.

- ...up to 70 calls a week involving lost and found horses, rabbits and caged birds, as well as dogs and cats.

- ...the local paper's lost-and-found column.

ADJ

lost cause

lost cause lost causes
If you refer to something or someone as a lost cause , you mean that people's attempts to change or influence them have no chance of succeeding.

- They do not want to expend energy in what, to them, is a lost cause.

N-COUNT

lost property

1. lost property
Lost property consists of things that people have lost or accidentally left in a public place, for example on a train or in a school.

- Lost property should be handed to the driver.

N-UNCOUNT

2. lost property
Lost property is a place where lost property is kept. (BRIT; in AM use lost and found )

- I was enquiring in Lost Property at Derby.

N-UNCOUNT

lost soul

lost soul lost souls
If you call someone a lost soul , you mean that they seem unhappy, and unable to fit in with any particular group of people in society.

- They just clung to each other like two lost souls.

N-COUNT

lot

[D.J.:lɔt]

[K.K.:lɑt]

n.

许多, 大量

签; 抽签

命运; 运气

一块地, 场地

lot *****

1. lot
A lot of something or lots of it is a large amount of it. A lot of people or things, or lots of them, is a large number of them.

- A lot of our land is used to grow crops for export.

- I remember a lot of things.

- `You'll find that everybody will try and help their colleague.' --- `Yeah. There's a lot of that.'.

- Lots of pubs like to deck themselves out with flowers in summer.

- He drank lots of milk.

- A lot of the play is very funny.

QUANT: QUANT of n
= a great deal

2. lot
Also a pronoun.

- There's lots going on at Selfridges this month.

- I learned a lot from him about how to run a band.

- I know a lot has been said about my sister's role in my career.

PRON

3. lot
A lot means to a great extent or degree.

- Matthew's out quite a lot doing his research.

- I like you, a lot.

- If I went out and accepted a job at a lot less money, I'd jeopardize a good career.

ADV: ADV after v, oft ADV compar

4. lot
If you do something a lot , you do it often or for a long time.

- They went out a lot, to the Cafe Royal or the The Ivy.

- He talks a lot about his own children.

ADV: ADV after v

5. lot lots
You can use lot to refer to a set or group of things or people.

- He bought two lots of 1,000 shares in the company during August and September.

- We've just sacked one lot of builders.

N-COUNT: num N, oft N of n

6. lot
You can refer to a specific group of people as a particular lot . (INFORMAL)

- Future generations are going to think that we were a pretty boring lot.

N-SING: adj N
= bunch

7. lot
You can use the lot to refer to the whole of an amount that you have just mentioned. (INFORMAL)

- Instead of paying his rent, he went to a betting shop and lost the lot in half an hour.

N-SING: the N

8. lot
Your lot is the kind of life you have or the things that you have or experience.

- She tried to accept her marriage as her lot in life but could not.

- Young people are usually less contented with their lot.

N-SING: usu with poss

9. lot lots
A lot is a small area of land that belongs to a person or company. (AM)

- If oil or gold are discovered under your lot, you can sell the mineral rights.

N-COUNT
See also parking lot .

10. lot lots
A lot in an auction is one of the objects or groups of objects that are being sold.

- The receivers are keen to sell the stores as one lot.

- The two lots have made just over £5 million.

N-COUNT

11. lot
If people draw lots to decide who will do something, they each take a piece of paper from a container. One or more pieces of paper is marked, and the people who take marked pieces are chosen.

- Two names were selected by drawing lots.

- For the first time in a World Cup finals, lots had to be drawn to decide who would finish second and third.

PHR: V inflects

12. lot
If you throw in your lot with a particular person or group, you decide to work with them and support them from then on, whatever happens.

- He has decided to throw in his lot with the far-right groups in parliament.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= join forces with

lot

noun

1.

collection

assortment

batch

bunch informal

consignment

crowd

group

quantity

set

2.

destiny

accident

chance

doom

fate

fortune

a lot or lots

3.

plenty

abundance

a great deal

heap(s)

load(s) informal

masses informal

piles informal

scores

stack(s)

lotion

[D.J.:ˈləuʃən]

[K.K.:ˈloʃən]

n.

洗液, 洗剂, 护肤液

lotion *

lotion lotions
A lotion is a liquid that you use to clean, improve, or protect your skin or hair.

- ...suntan lotion.

- ...cleansing lotions.

N-MASS: usu n N
= cream

lotion

noun

cream

balm

embrocation

liniment

salve

solution

lottery

[D.J.:ˈlɔtəri]

[K.K.:ˈlɑtəri]

n.

抽彩给奖法

碰运气的事, 难于算计的事

lottery *

1. lottery lotteries
A lottery is a type of gambling game in which people buy numbered tickets. Several numbers are then chosen, and the people who have those numbers on their tickets win a prize.

- ...the national lottery.

N-COUNT

2. lottery
If you describe something as a lottery , you mean that what happens depends entirely on luck or chance.

- The stockmarket is a lottery.

- Which judges are assigned to a case is always a bit of a lottery.

N-SING: a N

lottery

noun

1.

raffle

draw

sweepstake

2.

gamble

chance

hazard

risk

toss-up informal

lotus

[D.J.:ˈləutəs]

[K.K.:ˈlotəs]

n.

莲, 莲花

lotus

lotus lotuses
A lotus or a lotus flower is a type of water lily that grows in Africa and Asia.
N-COUNT

lotus position

lotus position
If someone doing meditation or yoga is in the lotus position , they are sitting with their legs crossed and each foot resting on top of the opposite thigh.
N-SING: usu the N

louche

[D.J.:lu:ʃ]

[K.K.:luʃ]

adj.

品德有问题的,声名狼籍的

louche

louche
If you describe a person or place as louche , you mean that they are unconventional and not respectable, but often in a way that people find rather attractive. (WRITTEN)

- ...that section of London society which somehow managed to be louche and fashionable at the same time.

ADJ-GRADED
= disreputable

loud

[D.J.:laud]

[K.K.:laʊd]

adj.

响亮的, 大声的

刺眼的, 太招摇的

adv.

响亮地, 大声地

loudly

[D.J.:ˈlaʊdlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈlaʊdlɪ]

adv.

高声地;吵闹地

花哨地,华丽地

loudness

[D.J.:ˈlaʊdnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈlaʊdnɪs]

n.

高声;吵闹

响度,音量

loud ***

1. loud louder loudest
If a noise is loud , the level of sound is very high and it can be easily heard. Someone or something that is loud produces a lot of noise.

- Suddenly there was a loud bang.

- His voice became harsh and loud.

- The band was starting to play a fast, loud number.

- ...amazingly loud discos.

ADJ-GRADED

2. loud
Also an adverb.

- She wonders whether Paul's hearing is OK because he turns the television up very loud.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. loudly

- His footsteps echoed loudly in the tiled hall.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

4. loudness

- The students began to enter the classroom and Anna was startled at their loudness.

N-UNCOUNT

5. loud louder loudest
If someone is loud in their support for or criticism of something, they express their opinion very often and in a very strong way.

- Mr Adams' speech yesterday was very loud in condemnation of the media.

- Mr Jones received loud support from his local community.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ in n/-ing
= vociferous

6. loudly

- Mac talked loudly in favour of the good works done by the Church.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

7. loud louder loudest
If you describe something, especially a piece of clothing, as loud , you dislike it because it has very bright colours or very large, bold patterns which look unpleasant.

- He liked to shock with his gold chains and loud clothes.

- I once paid £120 for an extremely loud shirt which I've yet to wear.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= garish

8. loud
If you tell someone something loud and clear , you are very easily understood, either because your voice is very clear or because you express yourself very clearly.

- Lisa's voice comes through loud and clear.

- The message is a powerful one, and I hope it will be heard loud and clear by the tobacco industry.

PHR: usu PHR after v

9. loud
If you say or read something out loud , you say it or read it so that it can be heard, rather than just thinking it.

- Even Ford, who seldom smiled, laughed out loud a few times.

- He began to read out loud.

PHR: usu PHR after v

loud

adjective

1.

noisy

blaring

booming

clamorous

deafening

ear-splitting

forte Music

resounding

thundering

tumultuous

vociferous

2.

garish

brash

flamboyant

flashy

gaudy

glaring

lurid

showy

loudly

adverb

noisily

deafeningly

fortissimo Music

lustily

shrilly

uproariously

vehemently

vigorously

vociferously

loudhailer

[ˈlaudˈheilə]

n.

喇叭筒,扬声器

loudhailer

loudhailer loudhailers
A loudhailer is a portable device with a microphone at one end and a cone-shaped speaker at the other end, used to make your voice heard more easily outdoors. (BRIT; in AM use bullhorn )
N-COUNT also loud-hailer .
= megaphone

loudmouth

[D.J.:ˈlaudmauθ]

[K.K.:ˈlaʊdˌmaʊθ]

n.

高声谈话的人

loudmouth

loudmouth loudmouths
If you describe someone as a loudmouth , you are critical of them because they talk a lot, especially in an unpleasant, offensive, or stupid way.
N-COUNT disapproval

loud-mouthed

loud-mouthed
If you describe someone as loud-mouthed , you are critical of them because they talk a lot, especially in an unpleasant, offensive, or stupid way.

- ...a loud-mouthed oaf with very little respect for women.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

loudspeaker

[D.J.:ˈlaudˌspi:kə]

[K.K.:ˈlaʊdˌspikɚ]

n.

扩音器, 扬声器, 喇叭

loudspeaker *

loudspeaker loudspeakers
A loudspeaker is a piece of equipment, for example part of a radio or hi-fi system, through which sound comes out.
N-COUNT also loud speaker .
= speaker

lounge

[D.J.:laundʒ]

[K.K.:laʊndʒ]

n.

休息厅, 休息室; 客厅

vi.

懒散地斜倚[靠坐]

vt.

懒洋洋地打发(时间)

lounge **

1. lounge lounges
In a house, a lounge is a room where people sit and relax. (mainly BRIT)

- The Holmbergs were sitting before a roaring fire in the lounge, sipping their cocoa.

N-COUNT
= living room sitting room

2. lounge lounges
In a hotel, club, or other public place, a lounge is a room where people can sit and relax.

- I spoke to her in the lounge of a big Johannesburg hotel where she was attending a union meeting.

N-COUNT

3. lounge lounges
In an airport, a lounge is a very large room where people can sit and wait for aircraft to arrive or leave.

- Instead of taking me to the departure lounge they took me right to my seat on the plane.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

4. lounge lounges lounging lounged
If you lounge somewhere, you sit or lie there in a relaxed or lazy way.

- They ate and drank and lounged in the shade.

- If you don't want to lounge on the beach, you can go on a guided walk along the nature trail.

VB
= laze

lounge

verb

relax

laze

lie about

loaf

loiter

loll

sprawl

take it easy

lounge around **

lounge around lounges around; lounging around; lounged around
If you lounge around or lounge about , you spend your time in a relaxed and lazy way, sometimes when you should be doing something useful.

- It gives him a reason for lounging around doing nothing.

- He remembered mowing the lawn, lounging around the swimming pool.

PHR-V (BRIT) also lounge about
= loll about

lousy

[D.J.:ˈlaʊzi:]

[K.K.:ˈlaʊzi]

adj.

多虱的

极坏的,极不适的

大量的,多

lousy *

1. lousy lousier lousiest
If you describe something as lousy , you mean that it is of very bad quality or that you do not like it. (INFORMAL)

- He blamed Fiona for a lousy weekend.

- At Billy's Cafe, the menu is limited and the food is lousy.

- It's lousy to be the new kid.

ADJ-GRADED
= rotten

2. lousy lousier lousiest
If you describe someone as lousy , you mean that they are very bad at something they do. (INFORMAL)

- I was a lousy secretary.

- There can be no argument about how lousy he is at public relations.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ at n
= awful terrible

3. lousy
If you describe the number or amount of something as lousy , you mean it is smaller than you think it should be. (INFORMAL)

- The pay is lousy.

ADJ
= mingy

4. lousy lousier lousiest
If you feel lousy , you feel very ill. (INFORMAL)

- I wasn't actually sick but I felt lousy.

ADJ-GRADED: feel/look ADJ

lout

[D.J.:laʊt]

[K.K.:laʊt]

n.

<贬>笨拙<粗鲁>的(年轻)人

loutish

adj.

loutishness

n.

loutish

[D.J.:ˈlaʊtɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈlaʊtɪʃ]

adj.

笨拙的;粗野的

lout

lout louts
If you describe a man or boy as a lout , you are critical of them because they behave in an impolite or aggressive way.

- ...a drunken lout.

N-COUNT disapproval

lout

noun

oaf

boor

dolt

lummox informal

yob or yobbo Brit. slang

loutish

loutish
If you describe a man or a boy as loutish , you are critical of them because their behaviour is impolite and aggressive.

- I was appalled by the loutish behaviour.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

louvre

[ˈlu:və]

n.

百叶窗(板)

(侧面有通风口的)圆顶天窗

louvre

louvre louvres
A louvre is a door or window with narrow, flat, sloping pieces of wood or glass across its frame.
N-COUNT: oft N n (AM) louver

lovable

[D.J.:ˈlʌvəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈlʌvəbəl]

adj.

可爱的,惹人爱的

lovable *

lovable
If you describe someone as lovable , you mean that they have attractive qualities, and are easy to like.

- His vulnerability makes him even more lovable.

ADJ-GRADED
= endearing

lovable loveable

adjective

endearing

adorable

amiable

charming

cute

delightful

enchanting

likable or likeable

lovely

sweet

love

[D.J.:lʌv]

[K.K.:lʌv]

vt. & vi.

爱; 热爱

vt.

喜爱; 喜好; 喜欢

n.

爱, 爱情

喜爱

loving

[D.J.:ˈlʌvɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈlʌvɪŋ]

adj.

爱的;表示爱意的;亲爱的

lovingly

adv.

亲爱地

lovingness

n.

爱

loving-kindness

n.

慈爱

loving-kindness

n.

慈爱,仁慈

lovingly

[D.J.:ˈl ʌvɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈl ʌvɪ ŋlɪ]

adv.

钟爱地;深情地

lovingness

n.

爱,忠诚,钟情

love *****

1. love loves loving loved
If you love someone, you feel romantically or sexually attracted to them, and they are very important to you.

- Oh, Amy, I love you.

- We love each other. We want to spend our lives together.

VB

2. love
Love is a very strong feeling of affection towards someone who you are romantically or sexually attracted to.

- Our love for each other has been increased by what we've been through together.

- ...a old fashioned love story.

- ...an album of love songs.

N-UNCOUNT

3. love loves loving loved
You say that you love someone when their happiness is very important to you, so that you behave in a kind and caring way towards them.

- You'll never love anyone the way you love your baby.

VB

4. love
Love is the feeling that a person's happiness is very important to you, and the way you show this feeling in your behaviour towards them.

- My love for all my children is unconditional.

- She's got a great capacity for love.

N-UNCOUNT

5. love loves loving loved
If you love something, you like it very much.

- We loved the food so much, especially the fish dishes.

- I loved reading.

- ...one of these people that loves to be in the outdoors...

- I love it when I hear you laugh.

VB

6. love loves loving loved
You can say that you love something when you consider that it is important and want to protect or support it.

- I love my country as you love yours.

VB

7. love
Love is a strong liking for something, or a belief that it is important.

- This is no way to encourage a love of literature.

- The French are known for their love of their language.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= passion

8. love loves
Your love is someone or something that you love.

- `She is the love of my life,' he said.

- Music's one of my great loves.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

9. love loves loving loved
If you would love to have or do something, you very much want to have it or do it.

- I would love to play for England again.

- I would love a hot bath and clean clothes.

- His wife would love him to give up his job.

VB

10. love loves
Some people use love as an affectionate way of addressing someone. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Well, I'll take your word for it then, love.

- Don't cry, my love.

N-VOC feelings
= dear

11. love
In tennis, love is a score of zero.

- He beat Thomas Muster of Austria three sets to love.

NUM

12. love
You can use expressions such as ` love ', ` love from ', and ` all my love ', followed by your name, as an informal way of ending a letter to a friend or relation.

- ...with love from Grandma and Grandpa.

CONVENTION

13. love
If you send someone your love , you ask another person, who will soon be speaking or writing to them, to tell them that you are thinking about them with affection.

- Please give her my love.

N-UNCOUNT: poss N

14. love
If you fall in love with someone, you start to be in love with them.

- I fell in love with him because of his kind nature.

- We fell madly in love.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR with n

15. love
If you fall in love with something, you start to like it very much.

- Working with Ford closely, I fell in love with the cinema.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR with n

16. love
If you are in love with someone, you feel romantically or sexually attracted to them, and they are very important to you.

- Laura had never before been in love.

- I've never really been in love with anyone.

- We were madly in love for about two years.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR with n

17. love
If you are in love with something, you like it very much.

- He had always been in love with the enchanted landscape of the West.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR with n

18. love
If you say that there is no love lost between two people or groups or there is little love lost between them, you mean that they do not like each other at all.

- There was no love lost between the two men who were supposed to be working in harmony on a mounting crisis.

PHR: usu v-link PHR between pl-n

19. love
When two people make love , they have sex.

- Have you ever made love to a girl before?.

- One night, after 18 months of friendship, they made love for the first and last time.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, oft pl-n PHR, PHR to/with n

20. love
If you cannot or will not do something for love or money , you are completely unable to do it or you do not intend to do it.

- Replacement parts couldn't be found for love or money.

- I'm not coming back up here. Never, for love nor money.

PHR: with brd-neg, PHR after v

21. love
Love at first sight is the experience of starting to be in love with someone as soon as you see them for the first time.

- It was love at first sight, and he proposed to me six weeks later.

PHR: usu it be PHR

loving **

1. loving
Someone who is loving feels or shows love to other people.

- Jim was a most loving husband and father.

- The children there were very loving to me.

ADJ-GRADED
= affectionate

2. lovingly

- Brian gazed lovingly at Mary Ann.

ADV-GRADED

3. loving
Loving actions are done with great enjoyment and care.

- The house has been restored with loving care.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. lovingly

- I lifted the box and ran my fingers lovingly over the top.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

love

verb

1.

adore

cherish

dote on

hold dear

idolize

prize

treasure

worship

2.

enjoy

appreciate

delight in

like

relish

savour

take pleasure in

noun

3.

passion

adoration

affection

ardour

attachment

devotion

infatuation

tenderness

warmth

4.

liking

devotion

enjoyment

fondness

inclination

partiality

relish

soft spot

taste

weakness

5.

beloved

darling

dear

dearest

lover

sweetheart

truelove

in love

6.

enamoured

besotted

charmed

enraptured

infatuated

smitten

loving

adjective

affectionate

amorous

dear

devoted

doting

fond

tender

warm-hearted

love affair *

1. love affair love affairs
A love affair is a romantic and usually sexual relationship between two people who love each other but who are not married or living together.

- ...a stressful love affair with a married man.

N-COUNT: oft N with/between n
= relationship

2. love affair
If you refer to someone's love affair with something, you mean that they like it a lot and are very enthusiastic about it.

- ...the American love affair with firearms...

- Tom's love affair with France and most things French knew no bounds.

N-SING: with supp, usu N with n

love affair

noun

romance

affair

amour

intrigue

liaison

relationship

lovebirds

lovebirds
You can refer to two people as lovebirds when they are obviously very much in love. (HUMOROUS)

- Jack and his missis are as happy as two lovebirds now.

N-PLURAL

love bite

love bite love bites
A love bite is a mark which someone has on their body as a result of being bitten by their partner when they were kissing or making love.
N-COUNT also lovebite .

love child

love child love children
If journalists refer to someone as a love child , they mean that the person was born as a result of a love affair between two people who have never been married to each other.

- Eric has a secret love child.

N-COUNT also love-child .

-loved

-loved
-loved combines with adverbs to form adjectives that describe how much someone or something is loved.

- The similarities between the much-loved father and his son are remarkable.

- ...two of Mendelssohn's best-loved works.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

love-hate relationship

love-hate relationship love-hate relationships
If you have a love-hate relationship with someone or something, your feelings towards them change suddenly and often from love to hate.

- ...a book about the close love-hate relationship between two boys.

N-COUNT: usu sing

loveless

[D.J.:ˈlʌvlis]

[K.K.:ˈlʌvlɪs]

adj.

无爱情的,不可爱的

loveless

loveless
A loveless relationship or situation is one where there is no love.

- She is in a loveless relationship.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

love letter

love letter love letters
A love letter is a letter that you write to someone in order to tell them that you love them.
N-COUNT

love life *

love life love lives
Someone's love life is the part of their life that consists of their romantic and sexual relationships.

- His love life was complicated, and involved intense relationships.

N-COUNT

lovelorn

[D.J.:ˈlʌvlɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈlʌvˌlɔrn]

adj.

失恋的, 因失恋而变得憔悴的

lovelorn

lovelorn
Lovelorn means the same as lovesick .

- He was acting like a lovelorn teenager.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

loveliness

[D.J.:ˈl ʌvlɪnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈl ʌvlɪnɪs]

n.

可爱;漂亮

美好

lovely

[D.J.:ˈlʌvli]

[K.K.:ˈlʌvli]

adj.

可爱的, 美丽的, 动人的

令人愉快的, 美好的

lovely ***

1. lovely lovelier loveliest
If you describe someone or something as lovely , you mean that they are very beautiful and therefore pleasing to look at or listen to. (mainly BRIT)

- You look lovely, Marcia.

- He had a lovely voice.

- It was just one of those lovely old English gardens.

ADJ-GRADED

2. loveliness

- You are a vision of loveliness.

N-UNCOUNT
= beauty

3. lovely lovelier loveliest
If you describe something as lovely , you mean that it gives you pleasure. (mainly BRIT, mainly SPOKEN)

- Mary! How lovely to see you!.

- It's a lovely day.

- What a lovely surprise!

ADJ-GRADED
= marvellous wonderful

4. lovely lovelier loveliest
If you describe someone as lovely , you mean that they are friendly, kind, or generous. (mainly BRIT)

- Laura is a lovely young woman.

- She's a lovely child.

ADJ-GRADED
= delightful

lovely

adjective

1.

attractive

adorable

beautiful

charming

comely

exquisite

graceful

handsome

pretty

2.

enjoyable

agreeable

delightful

engaging

nice

pleasant

pleasing

love-making

love-making
Love-making refers to sexual activities that take place between two people who love each other.

- Their love-making became less and less frequent.

N-UNCOUNT

love nest

love nest love nests
A love nest is a house or flat where two people who are having a love affair live or meet. (JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT: usu sing also love-nest .

lover

[D.J.:ˈlʌvə]

[K.K.:ˈlʌvɚ]

n.

爱好者

情人, 情夫

情侣

lover ***

1. lover lovers
Someone's lover is someone who they are having a sexual relationship with but are not married to.

- Every Thursday she would meet her lover Leon.

- He and Liz became lovers soon after they first met.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

2. lover lovers
If you are a lover of something such as animals or the arts, you enjoy them very much and take great pleasure in them.

- She is a great lover of horses and horse racing.

- Are you an opera lover?

N-COUNT: with supp

lover

noun

sweetheart

admirer

beloved

boyfriend or girlfriend

flame informal

mistress

suitor

lovesick

[D.J.:ˈlʌvsik]

[K.K.:ˈlʌvˌsɪk]

adj.

害相思病的,为爱情而生病或忧愁的

lovesick

lovesick
If you describe someone as lovesick , you mean that they are so in love with someone who does not love them, that they are behaving in a strange and foolish way.

- ...a lovesick boy consumed with self-pity.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= lovelorn

love story *

love story love stories
A love story is something such as a novel or film about a love affair.
N-COUNT

love-stricken

love-stricken
If you describe someone as love-stricken , you mean that they are so much in love that they are behaving in a strange and foolish way.
ADJ-GRADED also lovestruck

love triangle

love triangle love triangles
A love triangle is a relationship in which three people are each in love with at least one other person in the relationship. (JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT: usu sing

lovey-dovey

[D.J.:ˈlʌviˈdʌvi]

[K.K.:ˈlʌviˈdʌvi]

adj.

多情的

lovey-dovey

lovey-dovey
You can use lovey-dovey to describe, in a humorous or slightly disapproving way, lovers who show their affection for each other very openly. (INFORMAL)

- All my friends were either lovey-dovey couples or wild, single girls.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

low

[D.J.:ləu]

[K.K.:lo]

adj.

低的, 矮的

低下的, 低等的

粗劣的, 低俗的

意志消沉的, 情绪低落的

adv.

低, 向下; 低微地

低声地

n.

低点, 低水平

(机器运转)低排挡

lower

[D.J.:ˈləuə]

[K.K.:ˈlaʊɚ, laʊr]

adj.

较低的, 低等的

vt. & vi.

(使)降低; (使)跌落

vt.

削弱; 削减

lowering

[ˈləuəriŋ]

adj.

使低劣的,减少体力的,昏暗的

lowest

[ˈləuist]

adj.

最低的,最底下的,最小的

lows

低频

low *****

1. low lower lowest
Something that is low measures only a short distance from the bottom to the top, or from the ground to the top.

- ...the low garden wall that separated the front garden from next door...

- She put it down on the low table.

- The country, with its low, rolling hills was beautiful.

- The Leisure Center is a long and low modern building.

ADJ-GRADED

2. low lower lowest
If something is low , it is close to the ground, to sea level, or to the bottom of something.

- He bumped his head on the low beams.

- It was late afternoon and the sun was low in the sky.

- They saw a government war plane make a series of low-level bombing raids.

- ...nagging low back pain.

ADJ-GRADED

3. low lower lowest
When a river is low , it contains less water than usual.

- ...pumps that guarantee a constant depth of water even when the supplying river is low.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
≠ high

4. low lower lowest
You can use low to indicate that something is small in amount or that it is at the bottom of a particular scale. You can use phrases such as in the low 80s to indicate that a number or level is less than 85 but not as little as 80.

- British casualties remained remarkably low.

- They are still having to live on very low incomes.

- The temperature's in the low 40s.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ high

5. low lower lowest
Low is used to describe people who are not considered to be very important because they are near the bottom of a particular scale or system.

- She refused to promote Colin above the low rank of `legal adviser'.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ high

6. low lows
If something reaches a low of a particular amount or degree, that is the smallest it has ever been.

- Eventually my weight stabilised at seven and a half stone after dropping to a low of five and a half stone.

- The dollar fell to a new low.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of amount
≠ high

7. low lower lowest
If you drive or ride a bicycle in a low gear, you use a gear, usually first or second, which gives you the most control over your car or bicycle when travelling slowly.

- She selected a low gear and started down the track carefully.

ADJ-GRADED

8. low lower lowest
If the quality or standard of something is low , it is very poor.

- A school would not accept low-quality work from any student.

- The inquiry team criticises staff at the psychiatric hospital for the low standard of care.

- ...low-grade coal.

ADJ-GRADED
= poor ≠ high

9. low lower lowest
If a food or other substance is low in a particular ingredient, it contains only a small amount of that ingredient.

- They look for foods that are low in calories.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ in n
≠ high

10. low
Also a combining form.

- ...low-sodium tomato sauce...

- Low-odour paints help make decorating so much easier.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

11. low lower lowest
If you describe someone such as a student or a worker as a low achiever, you mean that they are not very good at their work, and do not achieve or produce as much as others.

- Low achievers in schools will receive priority.

- ...if there are strikes by unrewarded low performers.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

12. low lower lowest
If you have a low opinion of someone or something, you disapprove of them or dislike them.

- The majority of sex offenders have a low opinion of themselves.

- I have an extremely low opinion of the British tabloid newspapers.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ high

13. low lower lowest
You can use low to describe negative feelings and attitudes.

- We are all very tired and morale is low.

- People had very low expectations.

ADJ-GRADED

14. low lower lowest
If a sound or noise is low , it is deep.

- Then suddenly she gave a low, choking moan and began to tremble violently.

- My voice has got so low now I was mistaken for a man the other day on the phone.

ADJ-GRADED
= deep ≠ high

15. low lower lowest
If someone's voice is low , it is quiet or soft.

- Her voice was so low he had to strain to catch it.

ADJ-GRADED

16. low lower lowest
A light that is low is not bright or strong.

- Their eyesight is poor in low light.

ADJ-GRADED
= dim

17. low lower lowest
If a radio, oven, or light is on low , it has been adjusted so that only a small amount of sound, heat, or light is produced.

- She turned her little kitchen radio on low.

- Buy a dimmer switch and keep the light on low, or switch it off altogether.

- Cook the sauce over a low heat until it boils and thickens.

ADJ-GRADED

18. low lower lowest
If you are low on something or if a supply of it is low , there is not much of it left.

- We're a bit low on bed linen.

- World stocks of wheat were getting very low.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ on n

19. low lower lowest
If you are low , you are depressed. (INFORMAL)

- `I didn't ask for this job, you know,' he tells friends when he is low.

ADJ-GRADED
= down

20. low
If a disease or illness lays you low , it makes you weak or ill.

- ...an undiagnosed medical condition that laid him low for months.

PHR: V inflects

21. low
If you are lying low , you are hiding or not drawing attention to yourself. (INFORMAL)

- Far from lying low, Kuti became more outspoken than ever.

PHR: V inflects

lower ***

1. lower
You can use lower to refer to the bottom one of a pair of things.

- She bit her lower lip.

- ...the lower deck of the bus...

- The upper layer of felt should overlap the lower.

- ...the lower of the two holes.

ADJ-COMPAR: ADJ n, the ADJ, the ADJ of n
≠ upper

2. lower
You can use lower to refer to the bottom part of something.

- Use a small cushion to help give support to the lower back.

- ...fires which started in the lower part of a tower block.

ADJ-COMPAR: ADJ n
≠ upper

3. lower
You can use lower to refer to people or things that are less important than similar people or things.

- Already the awards are causing resentment in the lower ranks of council officers.

- The nation's highest court reversed the lower court's decision.

- The higher orders of society must rule the lower.

ADJ-COMPAR: ADJ n, the ADJ
≠ higher

4. lower lowers lowering lowered
If you lower something, you move it slowly downwards.

- Two reporters had to help lower the coffin into the grave.

- Sokolowski lowered himself into the black leather chair.

- `No movies of me getting out of the pool, boys.' They dutifully lowered their cameras.

VB

5. lowering

- ...the extinguishing of the Olympic flame and the lowering of the flag.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

6. lower lowers lowering lowered
If you lower something, you make it less in amount, degree, value, or quality.

- The Central Bank has lowered interest rates by 2 percent.

- This drug lowers cholesterol levels by binding fats in the intestine.

VB

7. lowering

- ...a package of social measures which included the lowering of the retirement age.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

8. lower lowers lowering lowered
If someone lowers their head or eyes, they look downwards, for example because they are sad or embarrassed.

- She lowered her head and brushed past photographers as she went back inside.

- She lowered her gaze to the hands in her lap.

VB
≠ raise

9. lower lowers lowering lowered
If you say that you would not lower yourself by doing something, you mean that you would not behave in a way that would make you or other people respect you less.

- Don't lower yourself, don't be the way they are.

- I've got no qualms about lowering myself to Lemmer's level to get what I want.

VB: oft with brd-neg

10. lower lowers lowering lowered
If you lower your voice or if your voice lowers , you speak more quietly.

- The man moved closer, lowering his voice.

- His voice lowers confidentially.

V-ERG

low

adjective

1.

small

little

short

squat

stunted

2.

inferior

deficient

inadequate

poor

second-rate

shoddy

3.

coarse

common

crude

disreputable

rough

rude

undignified

vulgar

4.

dejected

depressed

despondent

disheartened

downcast

down in the dumps informal

fed up

gloomy

glum

miserable

5.

ill

debilitated

frail

stricken

weak

6.

quiet

gentle

hushed

muffled

muted

soft

subdued

whispered

lower

adjective

1.

minor

inferior

junior

lesser

secondary

second-class

smaller

subordinate

2.

reduced

curtailed

decreased

diminished

lessened

verb

3.

drop

depress

fall

let down

sink

submerge

take down

4.

lessen

cut

decrease

diminish

minimize

prune

reduce

slash

lowbrow

[D.J.:ˈləuˌbrau]

[K.K.:ˈloˌbraʊ]

adj.

(文学作品或电视节目等)粗俗的, 低级趣味的

lowbrow

lowbrow
If you say that something is lowbrow , you mean that it is easy to understand or appreciate rather than intellectual and is therefore perhaps inferior.

- His choice of subject matter has been regarded as lowbrow.

- ...low-brow novels.

ADJ-GRADED also low-brow .
≠ highbrow

low-cal

[D.J.:ˈləʊˈkæl]

[K.K.:ˈloˈkæl]

adj.

低卡路里的,低热量的

low-cal

low-cal
Low-cal food is food that contains only a few calories. People who are trying to lose weight eat low-cal food.

- ...low-cal, high-fiber recipes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

low-cut

low-cut
Low-cut dresses and blouses do not cover the top part of a woman's chest.

- Her daringly low-cut dress scandalised audiences.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

low-down

[D.J.:ˈləuˌdaun]

[K.K.:ˈloˌdaʊn]

adj.

身份低卑的,下等的

n.

实情,内幕

low-down

1. low-down
If someone gives you the low-down on a person or thing, they tell you all the important information about them. (INFORMAL)

- We want you to give us the low-down on your team-mates.

N-SING: the N, oft N on n also lowdown .
= gen

2. low-down
You can use low-down to emphasize how bad, dishonest, or unfair you consider a particular person or their behaviour to be. (INFORMAL)

- ...a lowdown, evil drunkard...

- They will stoop to every low-down trick.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n also lowdown . emphasis
= despicable

lower case

lower case
Lower-case letters are small letters, not capital letters.

- It was printed in lower case.

- We did the logo in lower-case letters instead of capitals.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also lower-case .
≠ upper case

lower class

1. lower class lower classes
Some people use the lower class or the lower classes to refer to the division of society that they consider to have the lowest social status.

- Education now offers the lower classes access to job opportunities.

- The black middle class must now reach out with more empathy and concern to the lower class.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu pl also lower-class .

2. lower class
Also an adjective.

- ...lower-class families...

- Horse-racing was once considered vulgar and lower class in Japan.

ADJ also lower-class .

lowest common denominator

1. lowest common denominator lowest common denominators
If you describe a plan or policy as the lowest common denominator , you are critical of it because it has been deliberately made too simple so that nobody will disagree with.

- Although the plan received unanimous approval, this does not mean that it represents the lowest common denominator.

N-COUNT: usu sing disapproval

2. lowest common denominator lowest common denominators
If you say that something is designed to appeal to the lowest common denominator , you are critical of it because it is designed to be liked by the majority of people.

- Tabloid newspapers pander to the lowest common denominator.

N-COUNT: usu sing disapproval

3. lowest common denominator lowest common denominators
In mathematics, the lowest common denominator is the smallest number that all the numbers on the bottom of a particular group of fractions can be divided into. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

low-flying

low-flying
Low-flying aircraft or birds are flying very close to the ground, or lower than normal.

- There is a complete ban on low-flying aircraft.

ADJ: ADJ n

low-key

[D.J.:ˈləʊˈki:]

[K.K.:ˈloˈki]

adj.

抑制的,软调的

low-key *

low-key
If you say that something is low-key , you mean that it is on a small scale rather than involving a lot of activity or being made to seem impressive or important.

- The wedding will be a very low-key affair.

- He wanted to keep the meetings low-key.

ADJ-GRADED
= muted understated

low-key

adjective

subdued

muted

quiet

restrained

toned down

understated

lowlands

lowlands
Lowlands are an area of low, flat land.

- ...wherever you travel in the lowlands of the United Kingdom.

- ...the fever-haunted old town on the lowland across the lake.

- ...lowland areas.

N-PLURAL: usu the N The spelling lowland is sometimes used in American English. The form lowland is also used as a modifier.
≠ uplands

low life

low life
People sometimes use low life to refer in a disapproving way to people who are involved in criminal, dishonest, or immoral activities, or to these activities.

- ...observations on London low life.

- ...the sort of low-life characters who populate this film.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also low-life . disapproval

lowliness

n.

低微,卑劣,下贱

lowly

[D.J.:ˈləʊli:]

[K.K.:ˈloli]

adj.

<旧>地位低的,卑微的

adv.

谦逊地

卑鄙地,低低地,低下地

声音低低地,不响亮地

lowliness

n.

卑微;谦逊

lowly *

lowly lowlier lowliest
If you describe someone or something as lowly , you mean that they are low in rank, status, or importance.

- ...lowly bureaucrats pretending to be senators...

- He was irked by his lowly status.

ADJ-GRADED

lowly

adjective

humble

meek

mild

modest

unassuming

low-lying

[D.J.:ˈləʊˌlaɪɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈloˌlaɪɪŋ]

adj.

低的;低洼的

low-lying

low-lying
Low-lying land is at, near, or below sea level.

- Sea walls collapsed, and low-lying areas were flooded.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

low-paid

adj.

工资低的

low-paid *

1. low-paid
If you describe someone or their job as low-paid , you mean that their work earns them very little money.

- ...low-paid workers...

- The majority of working women are in low-paid jobs.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ highly-paid

2. low-paid
The low-paid are people who are low-paid.
N-PLURAL: the N

low-pitched

[D.J.:ˈləʊˈpɪtʃt]

[K.K.:ˈloˈpɪtʃt]

adj.

低调的,倾斜缓的

low-pitched

1. low-pitched
A sound that is low-pitched is deep.

- With a low-pitched rumbling noise, the propeller began to rotate.

ADJ-GRADED

2. low-pitched
A voice that is low-pitched is very soft and quiet.

- He kept his voice low-pitched in case someone was listening.

ADJ-GRADED

low-rent

1. low-rent
If someone lives in a low-rent house, they only have to pay a small amount of money to live there.

- ...a low-rent housing development.

ADJ

2. low-rent
You can use low-rent to describe something that is of poor quality, especially when it is compared with something else.

- ...a low-rent horror movie.

ADJ disapproval

low season

low season
The low season is the time of year when a place receives the fewest visitors, and fares and holiday accommodation are often cheaper. (BRIT; in AM use off-season )

- Prices drop to £315 in the low season.

N-SING: the N

low-slung

low-slung
Low-slung chairs or cars are very low, so that you are close to the ground when you are sitting in them.

- ...a low-slung chintz-armchair.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

low-tech

low-tech
Low-tech machines or systems are ones that do not use modern or sophisticated technology.

- ...a simple form of low-tech electric propulsion.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ hi-tech

low tide

low tide low tides
At the coast, low tide is the time when the sea is at its lowest level because the tide is out.

- The causeway to the island is only accessible at low tide.

N-VAR: oft at N
≠ high tide

low water

low water
Low water is the same as low tide .
N-UNCOUNT

lox

[D.J.:lɔks]

[K.K.:lɑks]

n.

熏鲑鱼,液态氧

lox

lox
Lox is salmon that has been smoked and is eaten raw. (mainly AM)
N-UNCOUNT

loyal

[D.J.:ˈlɔiəl]

[K.K.:ˈlɔɪəl]

adj.

忠诚的, 忠心的

loyally

adv.

忠诚

loyal **

1. loyal
Someone who is loyal remains firm in their friendship or support for a person or thing.

- They had remained loyal to the president.

- He'd always been such a loyal friend to us all.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n approval
= faithful ≠ disloyal

2. loyally

- They have loyally supported their party and their leader.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

loyal

adjective

faithful

constant

dependable

devoted

dutiful

staunch

steadfast

true

trustworthy

trusty

unwavering

loyalist

[D.J.:ˈlɔɪəlɪst]

[K.K.:ˈlɔɪəlɪst]

n.

(支持现政权的)忠诚分子

loyalist *

loyalist loyalists
A loyalist is a person who remains firm in their support for a government or ruler.

- Party loyalists responded as they always do, waving flags and carrying placards.

N-COUNT

loyalty

[D.J.:ˈlɔiəlti]

[K.K.:ˈlɔɪəlti]

n.

忠诚, 忠心

忠于…感情, 忠心

loyalty **

1. loyalty
Loyalty is the quality of staying firm in your friendship or support for someone or something.

- I have sworn an oath of loyalty to the monarchy.

- This is seen as a reward for the army's loyalty during a barracks revolt earlier this month.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n

2. loyalty loyalties
Loyalties are feelings of friendship, support, or duty towards someone or something.

- She had developed strong loyalties to the Manet family.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N to n

loyalty

noun

faithfulness

allegiance

constancy

dependability

devotion

fidelity

staunchness

steadfastness

trustworthiness

loyalty card

loyalty card loyalty cards
A loyalty card is a plastic card that some shops give to regular customers. Each time the customer buys something from the shop, points are electronically stored on their card and can be exchanged later for goods or services.
N-COUNT

lozenge

[D.J.:ˈlɔzindʒ]

[K.K.:ˈlɑzɪndʒ]

n.

菱形,止咳糖

lozenge

1. lozenge lozenges
Lozenges are sweets which you can suck to make a cough or sore throat better.

- ...throat lozenges.

N-COUNT

2. lozenge lozenges
A lozenge is a shape with four corners. The two corners that point up and down are further away than the two pointing sideways.
N-COUNT
= diamond

LP

[D.J.:ˈelˈpi:]

[K.K.:ˈɛlˈpi]

abbr.

Labour Party <英>工党

LP

[D.J.:ˈelˈpi:]

[K.K.:ˈɛlˈpi]

abbr.

Labour Party 〈英〉工党

LP.

(=Ladyship)小姐,夫人(对Lady的尊称)

LP **

LP LPs
An LP is a record which usually has about 25 minutes of music or speech on each side; LP is an abbreviation for `long-playing record'.

- ...his first LP since 1986.

N-COUNT

L-plate

n.

L字牌，学习者驾车牌照

L-plate

L-plate L-plates
In Britain, L-plates are signs with a red `L' on them which you attach to a car to warn other drivers that you are a learner.
N-COUNT: usu pl

LSD

[D.J.:ˌelesˈdi:]

[K.K.:ˌɛlɛsˈdi]

abbr.

Lysergic acid diethylamide 迷幻药(摇头丸)

LSD

[D.J.:ˌelesˈdi:]

[K.K.:ˌɛlɛsˈdi]

abbr.

Lysergic acid diethylamide 迷幻药(摇头丸)

LSD *

LSD
LSD is a very powerful illegal drug which makes the user imagine they are seeing things.
N-UNCOUNT

Lt

abbr.

light 轻的

Lt

abbr.

light 轻的

Lt *

Lt
Lt is a written abbreviation for lieutenant .

- He was replaced by Lt Frank Fraser.

Ltd

adj.

有限的

abbr.

Laser Target Designator 激光目标指示器

Ltd

[ˈlimitid]

adj.

有限的

Ltd.

abbr.

Limited (股份)有限公司

Ltd ***

Ltd
Ltd is a written abbreviation for limited when it is used after the name of a company. Compare plc . (BRIT)

lubricant

[D.J.:ˈlu:brɪkənt]

[K.K.:ˈlubrɪkənt]

n.

润滑剂〔油〕

adj.

润滑的

lubricant *

1. lubricant lubricants
A lubricant is a substance which you put on the surfaces or parts of something, especially something mechanical, to make the parts move smoothly.

- Its nozzle was smeared with some kind of lubricant.

- ...industrial lubricants.

N-MASS

2. lubricant lubricants
If you refer to something as a lubricant in a particular situation, you mean that it helps to make things happen without any problems.

- I think humor is a great lubricant for life.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

lubricate

[D.J.:ˈlu:brikeit]

[K.K.:ˈlubrɪˌket]

vt.

加油润滑

lubricated

〈美俚〉喝醉了的

lubricating

[ˈlu:brikeitiŋ]

adj.

润滑的

lubrication

[D.J.:ˌlu:brɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌlubrɪˈkeʃən]

n.

润滑;加油

lubricate *

1. lubricate lubricates lubricating lubricated
If you lubricate something such as a part of a machine, you put a substance such as oil on it so that it moves smoothly. (FORMAL)

- Mineral oils are used to lubricate machinery.

- ...lubricating oil.

VB

2. lubrication

- Use a touch of linseed oil for lubrication.

N-UNCOUNT

3. lubricate lubricates lubricating lubricated
If you say that something lubricates a particular situation, you mean that it helps things to happen without any problems.

- Franklin's task was to lubricate the discussions with the French.

VB

lubricate

verb

oil

grease

smear

lucerne

[D.J.:lu:ˈsə:n]

[K.K.:luˈsɚn]

n.

紫花苜蓿

lucerne

lucerne
Lucerne is a plant that is grown for animals to eat and in order to improve the soil. (BRIT; in AM use alfalfa )
N-UNCOUNT
= alfalfa

lucid

[D.J.:ˈlu:sɪd]

[K.K.:ˈlusɪd]

adj.

表达清楚的, 明白易懂的

神志还清醒的

lucidity

[lu:ˈsiditi]

n.

明朗,清晰,透明

lucidly

adv.

清透地,透明地

lucid *

1. lucid
Lucid writing or speech is clear and easy to understand.

- ...a lucid account of the history of mankind...

- His prose as always lucid and compelling.

ADJ-GRADED
= clear

2. lucidly

- Both of them had the ability to present complex matters lucidly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. lucidity

- His writings were marked by an extraordinary lucidity and elegance of style.

N-UNCOUNT

4. lucid
If someone is lucid , they are thinking clearly again after a period of illness or confusion. (FORMAL)

- He wasn't very lucid, he didn't quite know where he was.

ADJ-GRADED
= clear-headed

5. lucidity

- The pain had lessened in the night, but so had his lucidity.

N-UNCOUNT

lucid

adjective

1.

clear

comprehensible

explicit

intelligible

transparent

2.

translucent

clear

crystalline

diaphanous

glassy

limpid

pellucid

transparent

3.

clear-headed

all there

compos mentis

in one's right mind

rational

sane

luck

[D.J.:lʌk]

[K.K.:lʌk]

n.

运气

好运, 幸运

vi.

交好运, 走运

luck ***

1. luck
Luck or good luck is success or good things that happen to you, that do not come from your own abilities or efforts.

- I knew I needed a bit of luck to win.

- The Sri Lankans have been having no luck with the weather.

- The goal, when it came, owed more to good luck than good planning.

N-UNCOUNT

2. luck
Bad luck is lack of success or bad things that happen to you, that have not been caused by yourself or other people.

- I had a lot of bad luck during the first half of this season.

- Randall's illness was only bad luck.

N-UNCOUNT

3. luck
If you ask someone the question ` Any luck? ' or ` No luck? ', you want to know if they have been successful in something they were trying to do. (INFORMAL)

- `Any luck?' --- `No.'

CONVENTION

4. luck
You can say ` Bad luck ', ` Hard luck ', or ` Tough luck ' to someone when you want to express sympathy to them. (INFORMAL)

- Well, hard luck, mate.

CONVENTION formulae

5. luck
If you say that something brings bad luck or brings someone good luck , you believe that it has an influence on whether good or bad things happen to them.

- Jean was extremely superstitious and believed the colour green brought bad luck.

PHR: V inflects

6. luck
If you describe someone as down on their luck , you mean that they have had bad experiences, often because they do not have enough money.
PHR: usu v-link PHR

7. luck
If you say that something is the luck of the draw , you mean that it is the result of chance and you cannot do anything about it.

- The luck of the draw meant the young lad had to face one of America's best players.

PHR

8. luck
If you say ` Good luck ' or ` Best of luck ' to someone, you are telling them that you hope they will be successful in something they are trying to do. (INFORMAL)

- He kissed her on the cheek. `Best of luck!'

CONVENTION formulae

9. luck
You can say someone is in luck when they are in a situation where they can have what they want or need.

- You're in luck. The doctor's still in.

PHR: V inflects

10. luck
If you say it is just your luck that something unpleasant has happened to you, you mean that this is quite normal because unpleasant things are always happening to you. (INFORMAL)

- It would be just his luck to miss the last boat.

PHR: V inflects

11. luck
If you say that someone is out of luck , you mean that they cannot have something which they can normally have.

- `What do you want, Roy? If it's money, you're out of luck.'

PHR: V inflects

12. luck
You can say ` No such luck ' when you want to express your disappointment over something. (INFORMAL)

- He must have been hoping for a relaxed time. No such luck.

CONVENTION

13. luck
If you say that someone is pushing their luck , you think they are taking a bigger risk than is sensible, and may get into trouble.

- I didn't dare push my luck too far and did not ask them to sign statements.

PHR: V inflects

14. luck
If you say that luck was on someone's side , you mean that they succeeded in something by chance as well as by their own efforts or ability.

- Rick seems to have had luck on his side during his 12-year acting career.

PHR: V inflects

15. luck
If someone tries their luck at something, they try to succeed at it, often when it is very difficult or there is little chance of success.

- She was going to try her luck at the Las Vegas casinos.

PHR: V inflects

16. luck
You can add with luck or with any luck to a statement to indicate that you hope that a particular thing will happen. (INFORMAL)

- We'll have a long talk and a good cry and then with any luck we'll both feel better.

PHR: PHR with cl feelings
pot luck : see pot .

luck

noun

1.

fortune

accident

chance

destiny

fate

2.

good fortune

advantage

blessing

godsend

prosperity

serendipity

success

windfall

luck out

luck out lucks out; lucking out; lucked out
If you luck out , you get some advantage or are successful because you have good luck. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- Was he born to be successful, or did he just luck out?

PHR-V

luckily

[D.J.:ˈlʌkəli:]

[K.K.:ˈlʌkəli]

adv.

幸运地

luckily *

luckily
You add luckily to a statement to indicate that it is good that a particular thing happened or is the case because otherwise the situation would have been difficult or unpleasant.

- Luckily, we both love football.

- ...but luckily for me, he talked very good English.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl
= fortunately

luckily

adverb

fortunately

favourably

happily

opportunely

propitiously

providentially

luckless

[D.J.:ˈlʌklis]

[K.K.:ˈlʌklɪs]

adj.

不幸的

luckless

luckless
If you describe someone or something as luckless , you mean that they are unsuccessful or unfortunate. (LITERARY)

- ...the luckless parent of an extremely difficult child.

- ...the President's luckless tour of the East.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

luckless

adjective

ill-fated

cursed

doomed

hapless

hopeless

jinxed

unfortunate

unlucky

lucky

[D.J.:ˈlʌki]

[K.K.:ˈlʌki]

adj.

幸运的, 侥幸的, 吉利的

lucky ***

1. lucky luckier luckiest
You say that someone is lucky when they have something that is very desirable or when they are in a very desirable situation.

- I am luckier than most. I have a job.

- I consider myself the luckiest man on the face of the Earth.

- He is incredibly lucky to be alive.

- Those who are lucky enough to be wealthy have a duty to give to the hungry.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf
= fortunate

2. lucky luckier luckiest
Someone who is lucky seems to always have good luck.

- Some people are born lucky aren't they?.

- He had always been lucky at cards.

ADJ-GRADED

3. lucky luckier luckiest
If you describe an action or experience as lucky , you mean that it was good or successful, and that it happened by chance and not as a result of planning or preparation.

- They admit they are now desperate for a lucky break.

- He was lucky that it was only a can of beer that knocked him on the head.

ADJ-GRADED

4. lucky
A lucky object is something that people believe helps them to be successful.

- He did not have on his other lucky charm, a pair of green socks.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

5. lucky
If you say that someone will be lucky to do or get something, you mean that they are very unlikely to do or get it, and will definitely not do or get any more than that.

- You'll be lucky if you get any breakfast.

- Those remaining in work will be lucky to get the smallest of pay increases.

- You'll be lucky to have change out of £750.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR if, PHR to-inf

6. lucky
If you say that someone can count themselves lucky , you mean that the situation they are in or the thing that has happened to them is better than it might have been or than they might have expected.

- She counted herself lucky to get a job in one of Edinburgh's department stores.

- At the end of two days, you may count yourself lucky that you don't have to live here.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR to-inf/that

7. lucky
You can use lucky in expressions such as ` Lucky you ' and ` Lucky devil ' when you are slightly jealous of someone else's good luck or success, or surprised at it. (INFORMAL)

- `The thing about Mr Kemp is that he always treats me like a lady.' --- `Lucky old you.'

CONVENTION

8. lucky
If you strike lucky or strike it lucky , you have some good luck. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- You may strike lucky and find a sympathetic and helpful clerk, but, there again, you might not.

PHR: V inflects

9. lucky
If you say that it is third time lucky for someone, you mean that they have tried to do a particular thing twice before and that this time they will succeed.

- I've had two runners-up medals with Monaco and AC Milan, but I hope it will be third time lucky and I get a winners' medal with Rangers.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

lucky

adjective

fortunate

advantageous

blessed

charmed

favoured

jammy Brit. slang

serendipitous

successful

lucky dip

lucky dip lucky dips
a lucky dip is a game in which you take a prize out of a container full of hidden prizes and then find out what you have chosen. (BRIT; in AM use grab bag )
N-COUNT

lucrative

[D.J.:ˈlju:krətiv]

[K.K.:ˈlukrətɪv]

adj.

获利多的, 赚钱的

lucrative **

lucrative
A lucrative activity, job, or business deal is very profitable.

- Thousands of ex-army officers have found lucrative jobs in private security firms.

ADJ-GRADED

lucrative

adjective

profitable

advantageous

fruitful

productive

remunerative

well-paid

lucre

[D.J.:ˈlu:kə]

[K.K.:ˈlukɚ]

n.

<贬>金钱收益,利润

lucre

lucre
People sometimes refer to money or profit as lucre , especially when they think that it has been obtained by dishonest means. (OLD-FASHIONED or HUMOROUS)

- ...so they can feel less guilty about their piles of filthy lucre.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

lucre

noun

money

gain

mammon

pelf

profit

riches

spoils

wealth

Luddite

[ˈlʌdait]

n.

勒德分子（1811-1816年英国手工业）

Luddites

勒德派

Luddite

Luddite Luddites
If you refer to someone as a Luddite , you are criticizing them for opposing changes in industrial methods, especially the introduction of new machines and modern methods.

- The majority have a built-in Luddite mentality; they are resistant to change.

N-COUNT: oft N n disapproval

ludicrous

[D.J.:ˈlu:dɪkrəs]

[K.K.:ˈludɪkrəs]

adj.

荒唐可笑的,滑稽可笑的

ludicrously

[D.J.:ˈlu:dɪkrəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈludɪkrəslɪ]

adv.

滑稽地;荒唐地

ludicrous *

1. ludicrous
If you describe something as ludicrous , you are emphasizing that you think it is foolish, unreasonable, or unsuitable.

- It was ludicrous to suggest that the visit could be kept secret.

- It's a completely ludicrous idea.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf emphasis
= ridiculous

2. ludicrously

- By Western standards the prices are ludicrously low.

ADV-GRADED

ludicrous

adjective

ridiculous

absurd

crazy

farcical

laughable

nonsensical

outlandish

preposterous

silly

lug

[D.J.:lʌg]

[K.K.:lʌɡ]

vt.

用力拖〔拉等〕

n.

耳状物

耳朵

笨家伙

lug sth around (with you )

提着，拉着(笨重的东西)四处走

lug *

lug lugs lugging lugged
If you lug a heavy or awkward object somewhere, you carry it there with difficulty. (INFORMAL)

- Nobody wants to lug around huge suitcases full of clothes.

- I hastily packed the hamper and lugged it to the car.

VB
= drag

luge

[D.J.:lu:ʒ]

[K.K.:luʒ]

n.

竞赛用的小型撬

vi.

坐小橇内滑雪

luge

luge luges
A luge is an object that is designed to be used for racing downhill over snow or ice. Riders lie on their backs and travel with their feet pointing towards the front of the luge.
N-COUNT

luggage

[D.J.:ˈlʌɡidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈlʌɡɪdʒ]

n.

行李

luggage *

luggage
Luggage is the suitcases and bags that you take with you when travel.

- Leave your luggage in the hotel.

- Each passenger was allowed two 30-kg pieces of luggage.

N-UNCOUNT
See also left luggage .

luggage

noun

baggage

bags

cases

gear

impedimenta

paraphernalia

suitcases

things

luggage rack

1. luggage rack luggage racks
A luggage rack is a shelf for putting luggage on, on a vehicle such as a train or bus.
N-COUNT

2. luggage rack luggage racks
A luggage rack is a metal frame that is fixed on top of a car and used for carrying large objects. (AM; in BRIT use roof rack )
N-COUNT

lugubrious

[D.J.:lʊˈgu:bri:əs, -ˈgju:-]

[K.K.:lʊˈɡubriəs, -ˈɡju-]

adj.

悲哀的;阴郁的

lugubriously

adv.

lugubrious

1. lugubrious
If you say that someone or something is lugubrious , you mean that they are sad rather than lively or cheerful. (LITERARY)

- ...a tall, thin man with a long and lugubrious face...

- He plays some passages so slowly that they become lugubrious.

ADJ-GRADED
= melancholy morose

2. lugubriously

- The dog gazed at us lugubriously for a few minutes.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

lugubrious

adjective

gloomy

doleful

melancholy

mournful

sad

serious

sombre

sorrowful

woebegone

lukewarm

[D.J.:ˈlu:kˈwɔ:m]

[K.K.:ˈlukˈwɔrm]

adj.

(液体)微温的

不热心的;冷淡的

lukewarm *

1. lukewarm
Something, especially a liquid, that is lukewarm is only slightly warm.

- Wash your face with lukewarm water.

- The coffee was weak and lukewarm.

ADJ-GRADED
= tepid

2. lukewarm
If you describe a person or their attitude as lukewarm , you mean that they are not showing much enthusiasm or interest.

- Economists have never been more than lukewarm towards him.

- The study received a lukewarm response from the Home Secretary.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ towards n

lukewarm

adjective

1.

tepid

warm

2.

half-hearted

apathetic

cool

indifferent

unenthusiastic

unresponsive

lull

[D.J.:lʌl]

[K.K.:lʌl]

vt.

抚慰, 哄

vi.

平静, 安静, 平息下来

n.

暂停, 间歇, 稍止

lull *

1. lull lulls
A lull is a period of quiet or calm in a longer period of activity or excitement.

- There was a lull in political violence after the election of the current president.

- ...a lull in the conversation.

N-COUNT: oft N in n

2. lull lulls lulling lulled
If you are lulled into feeling safe, someone or something causes you to feel safe at a time when you are not safe.

- It is easy to be lulled into a false sense of security.

- I had been lulled into thinking the publicity would be a trivial matter.

- Lulled by almost uninterrupted economic growth, too many European firms assumed that this would last for ever.

VB

3. lull lulls lulling lulled
If someone or something lulls you, they cause you to feel calm or sleepy.

- With the shutters half-closed and the calm airy height of the room to lull me, I soon fell into a doze.

- The swish of the tyres lulled him into a light doze.

- Before he knew it, the heat and hum of the forest had lulled him to sleep.

VB

4. lull
If you describe a situation as the lull before the storm , you mean that although it is calm now, there is going to be trouble in the future.
PHR: v-link PHR

lull

verb

1.

calm

allay

pacify

quell

soothe

subdue

tranquillize

noun

2.

respite

calm

hush

let-up informal

pause

quiet

silence

lullaby

[D.J.:ˈlʌləˌbaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈlʌləˌbaɪ]

n.

摇篮曲, 催眠曲

lullaby

lullaby lullabies
A lullaby is a quiet song which is intended to be sung to babies and young children to help them go to sleep.
N-COUNT

lumbago

[D.J.:lʌmˈbeiɡəu]

[K.K.:lʌmˈbeɡo]

n.

腰痛

lumbago

lumbago
If someone has lumbago , they have pains in the lower part of their back.
N-UNCOUNT

lumbar

[D.J.:ˈlʌmbə]

[K.K.:ˈlʌmbɚ, -ˌbɑr]

adj.

腰部的

n.

腰动(静)脉,腰神经,腰椎

lumbar

lumbar
Lumbar means relating to the lower part of your back. (MEDICAL)

- Lumbar support is very important if you're driving a long way.

ADJ: ADJ n

lumber

[D.J.:ˈlʌmbə]

[K.K.:ˈlʌmbɚ]

n.

木材, 木料

杂物, 破烂儿

vt. & vi.

砍树, 伐木

vt.

堆满无用的东西

vi.

笨重地行进, 行动迟钝, 隆隆驶过

lumbering

[D.J.:ˈl ʌmbərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈl ʌmbərɪŋ]

n.

伐木业

adj.

笨重的

lumber *

1. lumber
Lumber consists of trees and large pieces of wood that have been roughly cut up. (mainly AM)

- It was made of soft lumber, spruce by the look of it.

- He was going to have to purchase all his lumber at full retail price.

N-UNCOUNT

2. lumber lumbers lumbering lumbered
If someone or something lumbers from one place to another, they move there very slowly and clumsily.

- He turned and lumbered back to his chair.

- The truck lumbered across the parking lot toward the road.

- He looked straight ahead and overtook a lumbering lorry.

VB

lumber

noun

1.

junk

clutter

jumble

refuse

rubbish

trash

verb

2.

burden

encumber

land

load

saddle

lumber

verb Informal

plod

shamble

shuffle

stump

trudge

trundle

waddle

lumbering

adjective

awkward

clumsy

heavy

hulking

ponderous

ungainly

lumber with *

lumber with lumbers with; lumbering with; lumbered with
If you are lumbered with someone or something, you have to deal with them or take care of them even though you do not want to and this annoys you. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I was lumbered with the job of taking charge of all the money.

- She was lumbered with a bill for about ninety pounds.

PHR-V: usu passive disapproval

lumberjack

[D.J.:ˈlʌmbədʒæk]

[K.K.:ˈlʌmbɚˌdʒæk]

n.

伐木工人,木材商的佣工,短茄克衫

lumberjack

lumberjack lumberjacks
A lumberjack is a person whose job is to cut down trees.
N-COUNT

lumberman

[D.J.:ˈlʌmbəmən]

[K.K.:ˈlʌmbəmən]

n.

伐木工人,木材商

lumberman

lumberman lumbermen
A lumberman is a man who sells timber. (AM)
N-COUNT

lumberyard

[D.J.:ˈlʌmbəjɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈlʌmbɚˌjɑrd]

n.

木材堆置场,木场

lumberyard

lumberyard lumberyards
A lumberyard is a place where wood is stored and sold. (AM; in BRIT use timber yard )
N-COUNT also lumber yard .

luminary

[D.J.:ˈlu:məˌneri:]

[K.K.:ˈluməˌnɛri]

n.

杰出人物,名人

天体; 发光体

luminary *

luminary luminaries
If you refer to someone as a luminary , you mean that they are an expert in a particular subject or activity. (LITERARY)

- ...the political opinions of such luminaries as Sartre or de Beauvoir.

N-COUNT
= expert

luminescence

[D.J.:ˌlu:məˈnesəns]

[K.K.:ˌluməˈnɛsəns]

n.

冷光,发冷光

luminescent

adj.

luminescent

[D.J.:ˌlu:miˈnesnt]

[K.K.:ˌluməˈnɛsənt]

adj.

发冷光的,发光的

luminescence

luminescence
Luminescence is a soft, glowing light. (LITERARY)

- Lights reflected off dust-covered walls creating a ghostly luminescence.

N-UNCOUNT

luminosity

[D.J.:ˌlu:məˈnɔsɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌluməˈnɑsɪti]

n.

发光,光明

光度

发光体

luminosity

1. luminosity
The luminosity of a star or sun is how bright it is. (TECHNICAL)

- For a few years its luminosity flared up to about 10,000 times the present-day luminosity of the Sun.

N-UNCOUNT

2. luminosity
You can talk about the luminosity of someone's skin when it has a healthy glow.

- Ultrafine powder with a rosy tinge gives the skin warmth and luminosity.

N-UNCOUNT

luminous

[D.J.:ˈlu:minəs]

[K.K.:ˈlumənəs]

adj.

发光的, 发亮的; 光明的

明白易懂的

luminous *

luminous
Something that is luminous shines or glows in the dark.

- The luminous dial on the clock showed five minutes to seven.

- ...one of the most luminous and unstable stars in our Galaxy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

luminous

adjective

bright

glowing

illuminated

luminescent

lustrous

radiant

shining

lump

[D.J.:lʌmp]

[K.K.:lʌmp]

n.

块

肿块

〈非正〉傻大个, 笨拙的人

vi.

结成块

vt.

把…归并在一起(考虑); 将人[物]同等对待[分类]

lumps

[lʌmps]

n.

金丝鸟病;块煤

lump **

1. lump lumps
A lump of something is a solid piece of it.

- The potter shaped and squeezed the lump of clay into a graceful shape.

- ...a lump of wood...

- They used to buy ten kilos of beef in one lump.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. lump lumps
A lump on or in someone's body is a small, hard swelling that has been caused by an injury or an illness.

- I've got a lump on my shoulder.

- Howard had to have cancer surgery for a lump in his chest.

N-COUNT

3. lump lumps
A lump of sugar is a small cube of it.

- ...a nugget of rough gold about the size of a lump of sugar...

- `No sugar,' I said, and Jim asked for two lumps.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
See also sugar lump .

4. lump
If you say that someone will have to lump it , you mean that they must accept a situation or decision whether they like it or not. (INFORMAL)

- The crew will be sleeping in the hull and will have to lump it.

- William was going to kick up a fuss, but he realized he'd have to lump it.

PHR: have inflects

5. lump
If you say that you have a lump in your throat , you mean that you have a tight feeling in your throat because of a strong emotion such as sorrow or gratitude.

- I stood there with a lump in my throat and tried to fight back tears.

- It was a great reception and it brought a lump to my throat.

PHR: Ns inflect, usu PHR after v

lump

noun

1.

piece

ball

chunk

hunk

mass

nugget

2.

swelling

bulge

bump

growth

hump

protrusion

tumour

verb

3.

group

collect

combine

conglomerate

consolidate

mass

pool

lump together **

lump together lumps together; lumping together; lumped together
If a number of different people or things are lumped together , they are considered as a group rather than separately.

- Policemen and prostitutes, bankers and butchers are all lumped together in the service sector.

- Because she was lumped together with alcoholics and hard-drug users, Claire felt out of place.

PHR-V: usu passive
= join

lumpectomy

[D.J.:lʌmˈpektəmi:]

[K.K.:lʌmˈpɛktəmi]

n.

乳房肿瘤切除术

lumpectomy

lumpectomy lumpectomies
A lumpectomy is an operation in which a woman has a lump such as a tumour removed from one of her breasts, rather than having the whole breast removed.
N-COUNT

lumpen

[D.J.:ˈlʌmpən]

[K.K.:ˈlʌmpən, ˈlʊm-]

adj.

失业流浪的,破落户的

lumpen

1. lumpen
A lumpen object is large, heavy, and lumpy. (mainly BRIT, LITERARY)

- She was kneading a lumpen mass of dough.

- Lumpen shapes began to appear out of the shadows.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. lumpen
If you describe people as lumpen , you think they are dull and clumsy. (mainly BRIT, LITERARY)

- The people seemed lumpen and boring.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

lump sum *

lump sum lump sums
A lump sum is an amount of money that is paid as a large amount on a single occasion rather than as smaller amounts on several separate occasions.

- ...a tax-free lump sum of £50,000 at retirement age.

N-COUNT

lumpy

[D.J.:ˈlʌmpi]

[K.K.:ˈlʌmpi]

adj.

多块状物的,粗笨的

lumpy *

lumpy lumpier lumpiest
Something that is lumpy contains lumps or is covered with lumps.

- When the rice isn't cooked properly it goes lumpy and gooey.

- Many women, especially as they get older, develop lumpy veins in their legs.

ADJ-GRADED

lumpy

adjective

bumpy

knobbly

uneven

lunacy

[D.J.:ˈlu:nəsi:]

[K.K.:ˈlunəsi]

n.

精神失常

极蠢

lunacy

1. lunacy
If you describe someone's behaviour as lunacy , you mean that it seems very strange or foolish.

- ...while trying to explain to them the lunacy of the tax system...

- It remains lunacy to produce yet more coal to add to power stations' stockpiles.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

2. lunacy
Lunacy is severe mental illness. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-UNCOUNT

lunacy

noun

1.

insanity

dementia

derangement

madness

mania

psychosis

2.

foolishness

absurdity

craziness

folly

foolhardiness

madness

stupidity

lunar

[D.J.:ˈlju:nə]

[K.K.:ˈlunɚ]

adj.

月的, 月球的

lunar *

lunar
Lunar means relating to the moon.

- The vast volcanic slope was eerily reminiscent of a lunar landscape.

- ...a magazine article celebrating the 25th anniversary of man's first lunar landing.

ADJ: ADJ n

lunatic

[D.J.:ˈlu:nətɪk]

[K.K.:ˈlunətɪk]

n.

极其愚蠢的人

疯子

adj.

极其愚蠢的,疯狂的

the lunatic fringe

(组织或集团内的)极端分子；极端分子集团

lunatic *

1. lunatic lunatics
If you describe someone as a lunatic , you think they behave in a dangerous, stupid, or annoying way. (INFORMAL)

- Her son thinks she's an absolute raving lunatic.

N-COUNT disapproval

2. lunatic
If you describe someone's behaviour or ideas as lunatic , you think they are very foolish and possibly dangerous.

- ...the operation of the market taken to lunatic extremes.

- ...a country spurned until now by all except the more lunatic of journalists and adventurers.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= mad insane

3. lunatic
If you describe a place or situation as lunatic , you mean that it is confused and seems out of control.

- He pleads for sanity in a lunatic world.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

4. lunatic lunatics
People who were mentally ill used to be called lunatics . (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT disapproval

lunatic

adjective

1.

irrational

crackbrained

crackpot informal

crazy

daft

deranged

insane

mad

noun

2.

madman

maniac

nutcase slang

psychopath

lunatic asylum

lunatic asylum lunatic asylums
A lunatic asylum was a place where mentally disturbed people used to be locked up. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

lunatic fringe

lunatic fringe
If you refer to a group of people as the lunatic fringe , you mean that they are very extreme in their opinions or behaviour.

- Demands for a separate Siberia are confined for now to the lunatic fringe.

N-SING: usu the N

lunch

[D.J.:lʌntʃ]

[K.K.:lʌntʃ]

n.

午餐

vt. & vi.

吃午餐; 供给午餐

lunch ****

1. lunch lunches
Lunch is the meal that you have in the middle of the day.

- Shall we meet somewhere for lunch?.

- He did not enjoy business lunches.

- If anyone wants me, I'm at lunch with a client.

N-VAR

2. lunch lunches lunching lunched
When you lunch , you have lunch, especially at a restaurant. (FORMAL)

- Only the extremely rich could afford to lunch at the Mirabelle.

- Having not yet lunched, we went to the refreshment bar for ham sandwiches.

VB

3. lunch
If you say there's no such thing as a free lunch , you are saying that most things that are worth having need to be paid for or worked for, and that you cannot expect to get things for nothing.

- The book includes 25 Lessons for Life: Lesson 1: There is no free lunch. Don't feel entitled to anything you don't sweat and struggle for.

- But, even in Hollywood, there is no such thing as a free lunch.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

lunch box

lunch box lunch boxes
A lunch box is a small container with a lid. You put food such as sandwiches in it to eat for lunch at work or at school.
N-COUNT also lunchbox .

lunch break

lunch break lunch breaks
Your lunch break is the period in the middle of the day when you stop work in order to have a meal.
N-COUNT: usu poss N also lunchbreak .

lunch counter

lunch counter lunch counters
A lunch counter is an informal caf´e or a counter in a shop where people can buy and eat meals. (AM)
N-COUNT

luncheon

[D.J.:ˈlʌntʃən]

[K.K.:ˈlʌntʃən]

n.

午餐, 午宴

luncheon *

1. luncheon luncheons
A luncheon is a formal lunch, for example to celebrate an important event or to raise money for charity.

- Earlier this month, a luncheon for former UN staff was held in Vienna.

N-COUNT

2. luncheon luncheons
Luncheon is the meal that you eat in the middle of the day. It is usually called lunch. (mainly BRIT, FORMAL or OLD-FASHIONED)

- Promptly at one, luncheon was served.

- I have a luncheon engagement.

N-VAR

luncheonette

[D.J.:ˌlʌntʃəˈnet]

[K.K.:ˌlʌntʃəˈnɛt]

n.

〈美〉供应便餐的小餐馆

luncheonette

luncheonette luncheonettes
A luncheonette is a small restaurant that serves light meals. (AM)
N-COUNT

luncheon meat *

1. luncheon meat
Luncheon meat is meat that you eat in a sandwich or salad, and that is usually cold and either sliced or formed into rolls. (AM)

- She wished they had a cooler to hold some luncheon meat, some sodas.

- ...yogurts and ice creams, snack foods, luncheon meats, cookies, frozen dinners

N-VAR

2. luncheon meat luncheon meats
Luncheon meat is a type of cooked meat that is often sold in tins. It is a mixture of pork and cereal. (BRIT)
N-MASS

lunch hour

lunch hour lunch hours
Your lunch hour is the period in the middle of the day when you stop working, usually for one hour, in order to have a meal.
N-COUNT: usu poss N

lunchroom

[D.J.:ˈlʌntʃru:m]

[K.K.:ˈlʌntʃˌrum, -ˌrʊm]

n.

〈美〉(学校等的)餐厅

lunchroom

lunchroom lunchrooms
A lunchroom is the room in a school or company where you buy and eat your lunch. (AM)
N-COUNT also lunch room .

lunchtime

[D.J.:ˈlʌntʃˌtaɪm]

[K.K.:ˈlʌntʃˌtaɪm]

n.

午餐时间

lunchtime **

lunchtime lunchtimes
Lunchtime is the period of the day when people have their lunch.

- Could we meet at lunchtime?

- ...a lunchtime meeting.

N-VAR also lunch time .

lung

[D.J.:lʌŋ]

[K.K.:lʌŋ]

n.

肺

adj.

肺的

lungs

肺

lung **

lung lungs
Your lungs are the two organs inside your chest which fill with air when you breathe in.
N-COUNT: usu pl

lunge

[D.J.:lʌndʒ]

[K.K.:lʌndʒ]

n.

突然刺(入)

突然向前冲〔扑等〕

vi.

突然向前冲〔扑等〕

lunged

[lʌŋd]

adj.

有肺的,肺般的

lunge *

1. lunge lunges lunging lunged
If you lunge in a particular direction, you move in that direction suddenly and clumsily.

- He lunged at me, grabbing me violently.

- I lunged forward to try to hit him.

VB

2. lunge lunges
Also a noun.

- The attacker knocked on their door and made a lunge for Wendy when she answered.

N-COUNT: usu sing

lunge

noun

1.

thrust

charge

jab

pounce

spring

swing

verb

2.

pounce

charge

dive

leap

plunge

thrust

lungful

[ˈlʌŋful]

n.

两肺的容量

lungful

lungful lungfuls
If someone takes a lungful of something such as fresh air or smoke, they breathe in deeply so that their lungs feel as if they are full of that thing. (WRITTEN)

- I bobbed to the surface and gasped a lungful of air.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

lurch

[D.J.:lɜ:tʃ]

[K.K.:lə..tʃ]

vi.

蹒跚而行, 颠簸着行进

n.

突然倾斜

lurching

[ˈlə:tʃiŋ]

n.

东倒西歪的行驶,不稳行驶

lurch *

1. lurch lurches lurching lurched
To lurch means to make a sudden movement, especially forwards, in an uncontrolled way.

- As the car sped over a pothole she lurched forward.

- Henry looked, stared, and lurched to his feet.

- More and more frequently the vessel lurched into a sudden roll.

VB

2. lurch lurches
Also a noun.

- The car took a lurch forward but grounded in a deep rut.

N-COUNT

3. lurch lurches lurching lurched
If you say that a person or organization lurches from one thing to another, you mean they move suddenly from one course of action or attitude to another in an uncontrolled way.

- The state government has lurched from one budget crisis to another.

- The first round of multilateral trade talks has lurched between hope and despair.

VB disapproval

4. lurch lurches
Also a noun.

- The property sector was another casualty of the lurch towards higher interest rates.

N-COUNT: usu N prep

5. lurch
If someone leaves you in the lurch , they go away or stop helping you at a very difficult time. (INFORMAL)

- You wouldn't leave an old friend in the lurch, surely?

PHR: V inflects

lurch

verb

1.

tilt

heave

heel

lean

list

pitch

rock

roll

2.

stagger

reel

stumble

sway

totter

weave

lure

[D.J.:luə]

[K.K.:lʊr]

n.

吸引力

诱惑物

诱饵

vt.

吸引, 引诱, 诱惑

lure **

1. lure lures luring lured
To lure someone means to trick them into a particular place or to trick them into doing something that they should not do.

- He lured her to his home and shot her with his father's gun.

- They did not realise that they were being lured into a trap.

- The company aims to lure smokers back to cigarettes.

VB
= trick

2. lure lures
A lure is an object which is used to attract animals so that they can be caught.
N-COUNT

3. lure lures
A lure is an attractive quality that something has, or something that you find attractive.

- The excitement of hunting big game in Africa has been a lure to Europeans for 200 years.

- The lure of rural life is proving as strong as ever.

N-COUNT: usu sing

lure

verb

1.

tempt

allure

attract

draw

ensnare

entice

invite

seduce

noun

2.

temptation

allurement

attraction

bait

carrot informal

enticement

incentive

inducement

lurid

[D.J.:ˈlʊərɪd]

[K.K.:ˈlʊrɪd]

adj.

亮得古怪的,耀眼的,绚丽的

骇人听闻的,可怕的

luridly

adv.

耀眼地;骇人听闻地

lurid *

1. lurid
If you say that something is lurid , you are critical of it because it involves a lot of violence, sex, or shocking detail.

- ...lurid accounts of Claire's sexual exploits...

- Some reports have contained lurid accounts of deaths and mutilations.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= explicit

2. luridly

- His cousin was soon cursing luridly.

ADV: ADV with v

3. lurid
If you describe something as lurid , you do not like it because it is very brightly coloured.

- She took care to paint her toe nails a lurid red or orange.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

4. luridly

- It had a high ceiling and a luridly coloured square of carpet on the floor.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/-ed

lurid

adjective

1.

sensational

graphic

melodramatic

shocking

vivid

2.

glaring

intense

lurk

[D.J.:lɜ:k]

[K.K.:lə..k]

vi.

潜伏, 埋伏, 潜在

lurk *

1. lurk lurks lurking lurked
If someone lurks somewhere, they wait there secretly so that they cannot be seen, usually because they intend to do something bad.

- He thought he saw someone lurking above the chamber during the address.

VB

2. lurk lurks lurking lurked
If something such as a danger, doubt, or fear lurks somewhere, it exists but is not obvious or easily recognized.

- Hidden dangers lurk in every family saloon car.

- Around every corner lurked doubt and uncertainty.

VB

lurk

verb

hide

conceal oneself

lie in wait

prowl

skulk

slink

sneak

luscious

[D.J.:ˈlʌʃəs]

[K.K.:ˈlʌʃəs]

adj.

美味的, 香甜的

迷人的, 十分性感的

luscious *

1. luscious
If you describe a woman or something about her as luscious , you mean that you find her or this thing sexually attractive.

- ...a luscious young blonde...

- What I like most about Gabby is her luscious lips!

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. luscious
Luscious food is juicy and very good to eat.

- ...a small apricot tree which bore luscious fruit.

ADJ-GRADED

luscious

adjective

delicious

appetizing

juicy

mouth-watering

palatable

succulent

sweet

toothsome

lush

[D.J.:lʌʃ]

[K.K.:lʌʃ]

adj.

(草等植物)茂盛的,葱翠的

豪华舒适的

lusher

〈美俚〉醉汉,酒鬼

lush *

1. lush lusher lushest
Lush fields or gardens have a lot of very healthy grass or plants.

- ...the lush green meadows bordering the river...

- The beautifully landscaped gardens sprawl with lush vegetation.

ADJ-GRADED
= verdant

2. lushness

- ...a tropical lushness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. lush lusher lushest
If you describe a place or thing as lush , you mean that it is very luxurious.

- The Carlton-intercontinental hotel is lush, plush, and very non-backpacker.

- The fabrics were lush.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= luxurious

4. lush lushes
If you describe someone as a lush , you mean that they drink too much alcohol. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

lush

adjective

1.

abundant

dense

flourishing

green

rank

verdant

2.

luxurious

elaborate

extravagant

grand

lavish

opulent

ornate

palatial

plush informal

sumptuous

lust

[D.J.:lʌst]

[K.K.:lʌst]

n.

强烈的性欲, 淫欲

强烈的愿望, 渴望

vi.

贪求, 渴望

lust *

1. lust
Lust is a feeling of strong sexual desire for someone.

- His relationship with Angie was the first which combined lust with friendship.

- His lust for her grew until it was overpowering.

N-UNCOUNT

2. lust
A lust for something is a very strong and eager desire to have it.

- It was Fred's lust for glitz and glamour that was driving them apart.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n
= desire

lust

noun

1.

lechery

lasciviousness

lewdness

sensuality

2.

appetite

craving

desire

greed

longing

passion

thirst

verb

3.

desire

covet

crave

hunger for or after

want

yearn

lust after, lust for *

1. lust after lusts after; lusting after; lusted after
If you lust after someone or lust for them, you feel a very strong sexual desire for them.

- From what I hear, half the campus is lusting after her.

PHR-V

2. lust after lusts after; lusting after; lusted after
If you lust after or lust for something, you have a very strong desire to possess it.

- Sheard lusted after the Directorship.

PHR-V

lustful

[D.J.:ˈlʌstful]

[K.K.:ˈlʌstfəl]

adj.

贪得无厌的; 好色的

lustful

lustful
Lustful means feeling or expressing strong sexual desire.

- He can't stop himself from having lustful thoughts.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

lustre

[D.J.:ˈlʌstə]

[K.K.:ˈlʌstɚ]

n.

光泽

光荣,荣誉,出色

lustre

1. lustre
Lustre is gentle shining light that is reflected from a surface, for example from polished metal.

- Gold retains its lustre for far longer than other metals.

- It is softer than cotton and nylon and has a similar lustre to silk.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) luster

2. lustre
Lustre is the qualities that something has that make it interesting and exciting.

- What do you do if your relationship is beginning to lose its lustre?

N-UNCOUNT (AM) luster

lustre

noun

1.

sparkle

gleam

glint

glitter

gloss

glow

sheen

shimmer

shine

2.

glory

distinction

fame

honour

prestige

renown

lustrous

[D.J.:ˈlʌstrəs]

[K.K.:ˈlʌstrəs]

adj.

光亮的,有光泽的

lustrously

adv.

光亮地,有光泽地

lustrousness

n.

光亮,有光泽

lustrously

adv.

有光泽地,灿烂地

lustrousness

光泽度

lustrous

lustrous
Something that is lustrous shines brightly and gently, because it has a smooth or shiny surface.

- Joe stood up, and carefully removed his hat, revealing a head of thick, lustrous, wavy brown hair.

ADJ-GRADED

lustily

[ˈlʌstili]

adv.

精力充沛地,强壮地

lusty

[D.J.:ˈlʌsti:]

[K.K.:ˈlʌsti]

adj.

健壮的;强壮的

lustily

adv.

lusty

1. lusty lustier lustiest
If you say that something is lusty , you mean that it is healthy and full of strength and energy.

- ...plants with large, lusty roots.

- ...remembering his lusty singing in the open park.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. lustily

- Andrew asserted himself from the moment of his birth, crying lustily when he was hungry.

- Bob ate lustily.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

lusty

adjective

vigorous

energetic

healthy

hearty

powerful

robust

strong

sturdy

virile

lute

[D.J.:lu:t]

[K.K.:lut]

n.

鲁特琴

lute

lute lutes
A lute is a stringed instrument with a rounded body that is quite like a guitar and is played with the fingers.
N-VAR: oft the N

luv

n.

爱,爱情

luv

luv
Luv is a written form of the word `love', when it is being used as an informal way of addressing someone. (BRIT)

- You'll have to be quick, luv; we've a plane to catch.

N-VOC

luvvie

[ˈlʌvi]

n.

〈英〉〈俚〉①〈贬〉(感情奔放或做作的)演员②(用作称呼)亲爱的；宝贝儿

luvvie

luvvie luvvies
People sometimes refer to actors as luvvies as a humorous way of criticizing their emotional behaviour and their feeling that they are important. (BRIT, INFORMAL, HUMOROUS)
N-COUNT disapproval

luxuriance

[lʌɡˈzjuəriəns]

n.

茂盛

luxuriant

[D.J.:lʌgˈʒʊəri:ənt, lʌkˈʃʊər-]

[K.K.:lʌɡˈʒʊriənt, lʌkˈʃʊr-]

adj.

茂盛的,郁郁葱葱的

绚烂的,华丽的

luxuriance

n.

luxuriantly

adv.

luxuriant

1. luxuriant
Luxuriant plants, trees, and gardens are large, healthy, and growing well.

- There were two very large oak trees in front of our house with wide spreading branches and luxuriant foliage.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. luxuriant
If you describe someone's hair as luxuriant , you mean that it is very thick and healthy.

- Hair that's thick and luxuriant needs regular trimming.

ADJ-GRADED
= healthy

luxuriate

[D.J.:lʌɡˈzjuərieit]

[K.K.:lʌɡˈʒʊriˌet, lʌkˈʃʊr-]

vi.

茂盛的生长,生活奢侈,沉溺

luxuriate

luxuriate luxuriates luxuriating luxuriated
If you luxuriate in something, you relax in it and enjoy it very much, especially because you find it comfortable and luxurious.

- Lie back and luxuriate in the scented oil.

- Ralph was luxuriating in the first real holiday he'd had in years.

VB

luxurious

[D.J.:lʌɡˈzjuəriəs]

[K.K.:lʌɡˈʒʊriəs, lʌkˈʃʊr-]

adj.

奢侈的; 豪华的

luxuriously

adv.

奢侈地,豪华地

luxurious *

1. luxurious
If you describe something as luxurious , you mean that it is very comfortable and expensive.

- Our honeymoon was two days in Las Vegas at a luxurious hotel called Le Mirage.

- She had come to enjoy Roberto's luxurious life-style.

ADJ-GRADED

2. luxuriously

- The dining-room is luxuriously furnished and carpeted.

ADV-GRADED

3. luxurious
Luxurious means feeling or expressing great pleasure and comfort.

- Amy tilted her wine in her glass with a luxurious sigh.

ADJ-GRADED

4. luxuriously

- Liz laughed, stretching luxuriously.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

luxurious

adjective

sumptuous

comfortable

expensive

lavish

magnificent

opulent

plush informal

rich

splendid

luxury

[D.J.:ˈlʌkʃəri]

[K.K.:ˈlʌɡʒəri, ˈlʌkʃə-]

n.

奢侈, 豪华

奢侈品

luxury ***

1. luxury
Luxury is very great comfort, especially among beautiful and expensive surroundings.

- By all accounts he leads a life of considerable luxury.

- She was brought up in an atmosphere of luxury and wealth.

N-UNCOUNT
= extravagance ≠ penury

2. luxury luxuries
A luxury is something expensive which is not necessary but which gives you pleasure.

- A week by the sea is a luxury they can no longer afford.

- Telephones are still a luxury in some parts of Spain, Portugal, and Greece.

N-COUNT
= extravagance

3. luxury
A luxury item is something expensive which is not necessary but which gives you pleasure.

- He could not afford luxury food on his pay.

- He rode on the president's luxury train through his own state.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. luxury
A luxury is a pleasure which you do not often have the opportunity to enjoy.

- Hot baths are my favourite luxury.

- We were going to have the luxury of a free weekend, to rest and do whatever we pleased.

N-SING: with supp

luxury

noun

1.

opulence

affluence

hedonism

richness

splendour

sumptuousness

2.

extravagance

extra

frill

indulgence

treat

luxury goods

luxury goods
Luxury goods are things which are not necessary, but which give you pleasure or make your life more comfortable.

- ...increased taxes on luxury goods, such as boats, fur coats and expensive cars.

N-PLURAL

LW

abbr.

Left Wing 左翼

LW

abbr.

Left Wing 左翼

LW

LW
LW is an abbreviation for long wave .

-ly

1. -ly
-ly is added to adjectives to form adverbs that indicate the manner or nature of something.

- I saw Louise walking slowly to the bus stop.

- They were badly injured.

- Sarah has typically British fair skin.

SUFFIX

2. -ly
-ly is added to nouns to form adjectives that describe someone or something as being like or typical of a particular kind of person or thing.

- The staff are very friendly.

- This was a cowardly thing to do.

SUFFIX

3. -ly
-ly is added to nouns referring to periods of time to form adjectives or adverbs that say how often something happens or is done.

- ...a weekly newspaper.

- ...monthly payments.

- ...the language that we use daily.

SUFFIX

lychee

[D.J.:ˈli:tʃi:]

[K.K.:ˈlitʃi]

n.

〈汉〉荔枝,荔枝树

lychee

lychee lychees
Lychees are Chinese fruit which have white flesh and large stones inside and a pinkish-brown skin.
N-VAR

Lycra *

Lycra
Lycra is a type of stretchy fabric, similar to elastic, which is used to make tight-fitting garments such as tights and swimming costumes. (TRADEMARK)
N-UNCOUNT

lymph node

lymph node lymph nodes
Lymph nodes are small masses of tissue in your body where white blood cells are formed.
N-COUNT: usu pl also called lymph gland

lynch

[D.J.:lɪntʃ]

[K.K.:lɪntʃ]

vt.

以私刑处死(被认为有罪的人)

lynching

[ˈlintʃiŋ]

n.

处私刑

lynch **

1. lynch lynches lynching lynched
If an angry crowd of people lynch someone, they kill that person by hanging them, without letting them have a trial, because they believe that that person has committed a crime.

- They were about to lynch him when reinforcements from the army burst into the room and rescued him.

VB

2. lynching lynchings

- Some towns found that lynching was the only way to drive away bands of outlaws.

N-VAR

lynch mob

1. lynch mob lynch mobs
A lynch mob is an angry crowd of people who want to kill someone without a trial, because they believe that person has committed a crime.
N-COUNT

2. lynch mob lynch mobs
You can refer to a group of people as a lynch mob if they are very angry with someone because they believe that person has done something bad or wrong.

- Something approaching a lynch mob has been gathering against the Chancellor for even daring to consider higher interest rates.

N-COUNT

lynx

[D.J.:liŋks]

[K.K.:lɪŋks]

n.

猞猁

lynx

lynx lynxes
A lynx is a wild animal similar to a large cat.
N-COUNT

lyre

[D.J.:laɪə]

[K.K.:laɪr]

n.

里拉(琴)(古希腊的一种弦乐器,琴身作U形)

抒情诗

lyre

lyre lyres
A lyre is a stringed instrument that looks like a small harp.
N-COUNT

lyric

[D.J.:ˈlirik]

[K.K.:ˈlɪrɪk]

adj.

(指诗歌)抒情的

n.

抒情诗

lyric **

1. lyric
Lyric poetry is written in a simple and direct style, and usually expresses personal emotions such as love.

- ...Lawrence's splendid short stories and lyric poetry.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. lyric lyrics
The lyrics of a song are its words.

- ...Kurt Weill's Broadway opera with lyrics by Langston Hughes.

N-COUNT: usu pl

lyrical

[D.J.:ˈlɪrɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈlɪrɪkəl]

adj.

热情奔放的;抒情般的

lyrical *

1. lyrical
Something that is lyrical is poetic and romantic.

- His paintings became more lyrical.

- ...its remarkable free-flowing and often lyrical style.

ADJ-GRADED

2. lyrically

- I'm trying to show children that it's lyrically beautiful out there, wherever you live.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed, ADV after v
to wax lyrical : see wax .

lyrical

adjective

enthusiastic

effusive

impassioned

inspired

poetic

rhapsodic

lyricism

[D.J.:ˈlirisizəm]

[K.K.:ˈlɪrɪˌsɪzəm]

n.

抒情性, 奔放的激情

lyricism

lyricism
Lyricism is gentle and romantic emotion, often expressed in writing, poetry, or music.

- ...a natural lyricism which can be expressed through dance and music.

N-UNCOUNT

M

[D.J.:em]

[K.K.:ɛm]

n.

字母M

M1

货币供应量

M2

货币供应量之二

M3

货币供应量之三

M104

草帽星系

M31

仙女星系

M33

三角星系

M51

涡状星系

m

abbr.

meter 米

M, m

1. M, m M's, m's
M is the thirteenth letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

2. m
m is a written abbreviation for metres or metre .

- The isthmus is only 200m wide at its narrowest point.

3. m
m is a written abbreviation for the number million .

- Last year exports reached $150m in value.

- The acting oil minister has estimated this year's output at 500m tonnes.

4. M, m
M or m is a written abbreviation for words beginning with m, such as `minutes', `married', `male', and `masculine'.

-'m

-'m
'm is the usual spoken form of `am', used after `I' in `I'm'.

ma

[D.J.:mɑ:, mɔ:]

[K.K.:mɑ, mɔ]

n.

<口>妈

ma *

ma mas
Some people refer to or address their mother as ma . (INFORMAL)

- Ma was still at work when I got back.

N-FAMILY
= mum

MA

[D.J.:ˌemˈeɪ]

n.

文科硕士

MA *

1. MA MAs
An MA is a master's degree in an arts or social science subject. MA is an abbreviation for `Master of Arts'.

- She then went on to university where she got a BA and then an MA.

N-COUNT The spelling M.A. is also used, especially in American English.

2. MA
MA is written after someone's name to indicate that they have an MA.

- ...Clive W Heaton, MA.

The spelling M.A. is also used, especially in American English.

ma'am

[D.J.:mæm]

[K.K.:mæm]

n.

(对妇女的尊称)夫人

ma'am *

ma'am
People sometimes say ma'am as a very formal and polite way of addressing a woman whose name they do not know or a woman of superior rank. (mainly AM)

- Would you repeat that please, ma'am?

N-VOC politeness
= madam

mac

[D.J.:mæk]

[K.K.:mæk]

n.

<英>雨衣

mac

1. mac macs
A mac is a raincoat, especially one made from a particular kind of waterproof cloth. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. mac macs
Mac is sometimes used, mainly by men, as a term of address for a man whose name they do not know. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-VOC

macabre

[D.J.:məˈkɑ:brə, məˈkɑ:b, -ˈkɑ:bə]

[K.K.:məˈkɑbrə, məˈkɑb, -ˈkɑbɚ]

adj.

可怕的,骇人的

macabre *

macabre
You describe something such as an event or story as macabre when it is strange and horrible or upsetting, usually because it involves death or injury.

- Police have made a macabre discovery.

- Mr Dahl was well-known for his macabre adult stories called `Tales of the Unexpected'.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= chilling

macabre

adjective

gruesome

dreadful

eerie

frightening

ghastly

ghostly

ghoulish

grim

grisly

morbid

macaroni

[D.J.:ˌmækəˈrəʊni:]

[K.K.:ˌmækəˈroni]

n.

意大利粉, 通心面

macaroni

macaroni
Macaroni is a kind of pasta made in the shape of short hollow tubes.
N-UNCOUNT

macaroni cheese

macaroni cheese
Macaroni cheese is a dish made from macaroni and cheese sauce.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) macaroni and cheese

macaroon

[D.J.:ˌmækəˈru:n]

[K.K.:ˌmækəˈrun]

n.

蛋白杏仁饼干

macaroon

macaroon macaroons
Macaroons are sweet cake-like biscuits that are flavoured with coconut or almond.
N-COUNT

mace

[D.J.:meɪs]

[K.K.:mes]

n.

权杖

狼牙棒(古代兵器)

肉豆蔻干皮,肉豆蔻种衣(用作香料)

mace

1. mace maces
A mace is an ornamental stick carried by an official or placed somewhere as a symbol of authority.
N-COUNT

2. mace
Mace is a spice, usually in the form of a powder, made from the shell of nutmegs.
N-UNCOUNT

3. mace
Mace is a substance that causes tears and sickness, and that is used in sprays as a defence against rioters or attackers. (TRADEMARK)
N-UNCOUNT

macerate

[D.J.:ˈmæsəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈmæsəˌret]

vt.

把…浸软

使消瘦, 使憔悴, 折磨

maceration

n.

maceration

[ˌmæsəˈreiʃən]

n.

泡软,因绝食而衰弱

macerate

macerate macerates macerating macerated
If you macerate food, or if it macerates , you soak it in a liquid for a period of time so that it absorbs the liquid.

- I like to macerate the food in liqueur for a few minutes before serving.

- Cognac is also used to macerate and flavour ingredients and casseroles.

- Seal tightly then leave for four to five days to macerate.

V-ERG
= soak

Mach

[D.J.:mɑ:k]

[K.K.:mɑk]

n.

马赫(奥地利物理家)

Mach

Mach
Mach is used as a unit of measurement in stating the speed of a moving object in relation to the speed of sound. For example, if an aircraft is travelling at Mach 1, it is travelling at exactly the speed of sound. (TECHNICAL)

- The hot air permitted higher speeds before the critical Mach number was exceeded.

- The aim is to fly at about Mach 2, twice the speed of sound.

N-UNCOUNT: N n/num

machete

[D.J.:mɑ:ˈtʃeiti]

[K.K.:məˈʃɛti, -ˈtʃɛti]

n.

弯刀

machete

machete machetes
A machete is a large knife with a broad blade.
N-COUNT

Machiavellian

[ˌmækiəˈveliən]

adj.

马基雅弗利的,权谋术的

n.

权谋政治家

Machiavellian

Machiavellian
If you describe someone as Machiavellian , you are critical of them because they often make clever and secret plans to achieve their aims and are not honest with people.

- ...Machiavellian republicans plotting to destabilise the throne.

- ...the Machiavellian and devious way decisions were made...

- A Machiavellian plot was suspected.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= devious

machinations

machinations
You use machinations to describe secret and complicated plans, especially to gain power.

- ...the political machinations that brought him to power.

- ...the machinations of the currency speculators.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp disapproval

machine

[D.J.:məˈʃi:n]

[K.K.:məˈʃin]

n.

机器, 机械装置

机动车辆; 飞机

vt.

用机器制造, 用机器加工

machining

[məˈʃi:niŋ]

v.

加工

machine ****

1. machine machines
A machine is a piece of equipment which uses electricity or an engine in order to do a particular kind of work.

- I put the coin in the machine and pulled the lever.

- The machine can be remotely operated and monitored.

- ...a color photograph of the sort taken by machine to be pasted in passports.

N-COUNT: also by N

2. machine machines machining machined
If you machine something, you make it or work on it using a machine.

- The material is machined in a factory.

- All parts are machined from top grade, high tensile aluminium.

- ...machined brass zinc alloy gears.

VB: usu passive

3. machining

- ...our machining, fabrication and finishing processes.

N-UNCOUNT

4. machine machines
You can use machine to refer to a large and well-controlled system or organization.

- ...Nazi Germany's military machine...

- He has put the party publicity machine behind another candidate.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

5. machine machines
If you say that someone is a machine , you mean that they are so tired or bored that they do their work without thinking.

- I think I have got to stop or I might turn into a machine.

- He has dedicated himself to his work and become just a writing machine.

N-COUNT
= automaton

machine

noun

1.

appliance

apparatus

contraption

contrivance

device

engine

instrument

mechanism

tool

2.

system

machinery

organization

setup informal

structure

machine code

machine code
Machine code is a way of expressing instructions and information in the form of numbers which can be understood by a computer or microchip. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

machine gun **

machine gun machine guns
A machine gun is a gun which fires a lot of bullets one after the other very quickly.

- The two sides joined battle once again using artillery, mortars and heavy machine guns.

- ...a burst of machine-gun fire.

N-COUNT also machine-gun .
See also sub-machine gun .

machinery

[D.J.:məˈʃi:nəri]

[K.K.:məˈʃinəri, -ˈʃinri]

n.

(总称)机器

体系, 机构

machinery **

1. machinery
You can use machinery to refer to machines in general, or machines that are used in a factory or on a farm.

- ...quality tools and machinery.

- ...your local garden machinery specialist...

- Farmers import most of their machinery and materials.

N-UNCOUNT

2. machinery
The machinery of a government or organization is the system and all the procedures that it uses to deal with things.

- The machinery of democracy could be created quickly.

- ...the government machinery and administrative procedures concerned with social provision...

- The full state and police machinery ground into action.

N-SING: the N, oft N of n

machinery

noun

equipment

apparatus

gear

instruments

tackle

tools

machine tool *

machine tool machine tools
A machine tool is a machine driven by power that cuts, shapes, or finishes metal or other materials.
N-COUNT

machinist

[D.J.:məˈʃi:nɪst]

[K.K.:məˈʃinɪst]

n.

机器操作工人

machinist *

machinist machinists
A machinist is a person whose job is to operate a machine, especially in a factory.
N-COUNT

machismo

[D.J.:mɑ:ˈtʃi:zməu]

[K.K.:mɑˈtʃizmo]

n.

男子气概

machismo

machismo
You use machismo to refer to men's behaviour or attitudes when they are very conscious and proud of their masculinity.

- Hooky, naturally, has to prove his machismo by going on the scariest rides twice.

N-UNCOUNT

macho

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:tʃəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈmɑtʃo]

adj.

大男子气概的

macho *

macho
You use macho to describe men who are very conscious and proud of their masculinity. (INFORMAL)

- He was an extremely macho man.

- ...displays of macho bravado...

- Body building -- that's a bit macho, isn't it?

ADJ-GRADED

macho

adjective

manly

chauvinist

masculine

virile

mackerel

[D.J.:ˈmækərəl, ˈmækrəl]

[K.K.:ˈmækərəl, ˈmækrəl]

n.

鲭

(be) a sprat to catch a mackerel

用小鱼钓大鱼；施小惠而得大利；吃小亏占大便宜

mackerel *

1. mackerel
A mackerel is a sea fish with a dark, patterned back.

- Almiro's boat had sailed out to the middle of the bay to fish for mackerel.

N-VAR mackerel is both the singular and the plural form

2. mackerel
Mackerel is this fish eaten as food.

- Bay leaf is an excellent herb for mackerel.

N-UNCOUNT mackerel is both the singular and the plural form

mackintosh

[D.J.:ˈmækɪnˌtɔʃ]

[K.K.:ˈmækɪnˌtɑʃ]

n.

雨衣, 防水斗篷

防水胶布

mackintosh

mackintosh mackintoshes
A mackintosh is a raincoat, especially one made from a particular kind of waterproof cloth. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

macro

[ˈmækrəu]

n.

宏

adj.

巨大的,大量使用的

macros

[ˈmækrɔs]

n.

麦克罗斯碱性耐火制品

macro *

1. macro
You use macro to indicate that something relates to a general area, rather than being detailed or specific. (TECHNICAL)

- ...coordinated programmes of regulation of the economy both at the macro level and at the micro level.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= global ≠ micro

2. macro
In photography and film, macro lenses and other devices are used for photographing or filming things at very close range. (TECHNICAL)

- He photographed this using a macro lens.

- Zooming is not possible while in macro mode.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. macro macros
In computing, a macro is a shortened version of a computer command which makes the computer carry out a set of actions. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

macro-

[ˈmækrəu]

pref.

表示“大的,长的”之义

macro-

macro-
Macro- is added to words in order to form new words that are technical and that refer to things which are large or involve the whole of something.

- ...the cornerstone of macro-economic policy.

- ...the macro-relationship between unemployment and imprisonment.

PREFIX
≠ micro-

macrobiotic

[ˌmækrəubaiˈɔtik]

adj.

能促进长寿的;长命的,大型生物群的

macrobiotic

macrobiotic
Macrobiotic food consists of whole grains and vegetables that are grown without chemicals. (TECHNICAL)

- John's a vegetarian, and his girlfriend's on a strict macrobiotic diet.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= wholefood

macrobiotics

[ˌmækrəubaiˈɔtiks]

n.

长寿法

macrobiotics

macrobiotics
Macrobiotics is the practice of eating macrobiotic food. (TECHNICAL)

- ...Michio Kushi, father of modern macrobiotics.

N-UNCOUNT The form macrobiotic is used as a modifier

macrocosm

[D.J.:ˈmækrəˌkɔzəm]

[K.K.:ˈmækrəˌkɑzəm]

n.

宏观世界

(结构复杂的)整体

macrocosm

macrocosm
A macrocosm is a complex organized system such as the universe or a society, considered as a single unit. (FORMAL)

- The macrocosm of the universe is mirrored in the microcosm of the mind.

N-SING: usu the N
≠ microcosm

macroeconomic

[ˌmækrəuˌi:kəˈnɔmik]

adj.

宏观经济的

macroeconomic *

macroeconomic
Macroeconomic means relating to the major, general features of a country's economy, such as the level of inflation, unemployment, or interest rates. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the attempt to substitute low inflation for full employment as a goal of macro-economic policy.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also macro-economic .

mad

[D.J.:mæd]

[K.K.:mæd]

adj.

疯了的, 发疯的, 神经错乱的

恼火的, 发怒的

狂热的; 着迷的

愚蠢的

madder

[ˈmædə]

n.

茜草

(用茜草根制成的)红色染料

人造茜草红染料

madly

[D.J.:ˈmædli:]

[K.K.:ˈmædli]

adv.

发疯似地

非常

madness

[D.J.:ˈmædnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈmædnɪs]

n.

疯狂,神经错乱

狂怒;狂热;愚蠢

狂犬病

there’s method in sb’s madness

看来奇怪(或愚蠢)的行为自有其道理

mad ***

1. mad
Someone who is mad has a mind that does not work in a normal way, with the result that their behaviour is very strange.

- She was afraid of going mad.

- ...the mad old lady from down the street.

ADJ
= insane

2. madness

- He was driven to the brink of madness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. mad madder maddest
You use mad to describe people or things that you think are very foolish.

- You'd be mad to work with him again.

- Isn't that a rather mad idea?

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= crazy

4. madness

- It is political madness.

N-UNCOUNT

5. mad madder maddest
If you say that someone is mad , you mean that they are very angry. (INFORMAL)

- You're just mad at me because I don't want to go.

- I'm pretty mad about it, I can tell you.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ at/about n

6. mad madder maddest
If you are mad about or mad on something or someone, you like them very much indeed. (INFORMAL)

- She's not as mad about sport as I am.

- He's mad about you.

- He's mad on trains.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ about/on n

7. mad
Also a combining form.

- ...his football-mad son...

- He's not power-mad.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

8. mad
Mad behaviour is wild and uncontrolled.

- You only have an hour to complete the game so it's a mad dash against the clock.

- The audience went mad.

ADJ
= frantic

9. madly

- Down in the streets people were waving madly.

ADV: ADV with v

10. mad
If you say that someone or something drives you mad , you mean that you find them extremely annoying. (INFORMAL)

- There are certain things he does that drive me mad.

- This itching is driving me mad.

PHR: V inflects

11. mad
If you do something like mad , you do it very energetically or enthusiastically. (INFORMAL)

- He was weight training like mad.

PHR: PHR after v

madly *

1. madly
You can use madly to indicate that one person loves another a great deal.

- She has fallen madly in love with him.

- She was devoted to him, but she no longer loved him madly.

ADV: ADV prep, ADV after v
= completely

2. madly
You can use madly in front of an adjective in order to emphasize the quality expressed by the adjective. (mainly BRIT)

- Inside it is madly busy.

- This seemed madly dangerous.

ADV: ADV adj emphasis
= wildly

mad

adjective

1.

insane

crazy informal

demented

deranged

non compos mentis

nuts slang

of unsound mind

out of one's mind

psychotic

raving

unhinged

unstable

2.

foolish

absurd

asinine

daft informal

foolhardy

irrational

nonsensical

preposterous

senseless

wild

3.

angry

berserk

enraged

furious

incensed

livid informal

wild

4.

enthusiastic

ardent

avid

crazy informal

fanatical

impassioned

infatuated

wild

5.

frenzied

excited

frenetic

uncontrolled

unrestrained

wild

like mad

6.

energetically

enthusiastically

excitedly

furiously

rapidly

speedily

violently

wildly

madly

adverb

1.

insanely

crazily

deliriously

distractedly

frantically

frenziedly

hysterically

2.

foolishly

absurdly

irrationally

ludicrously

senselessly

wildly

3.

energetically

excitedly

furiously

like mad informal

recklessly

speedily

wildly

4.

passionately

desperately

devotedly

intensely

to distraction

madness

noun

1.

insanity

aberration

craziness

delusion

dementia

derangement

distraction

lunacy

mania

mental illness

psychopathy

psychosis

2.

foolishness

absurdity

daftness informal

folly

foolhardiness

idiocy

nonsense

preposterousness

wildness

madam

[D.J.:ˈmædəm]

[K.K.:ˈmædəm]

n.

女士, 小姐, 夫人, 太太

喜欢指使他人的年轻妇女

(妓院的)鸨母

madam *

1. madam madams
People sometimes say Madam as a very formal and polite way of addressing a woman whose name they do not know or a woman of superior rank. For example, a shop assistant might address a woman customer as Madam .

- Try them on, madam.

N-VOC politeness

2. madam madams
You use the expression ` Dear madam ' at the beginning of a formal letter or a business letter when you are writing to a woman.

- Dear Madam, Thank you for your interest in our Memorial Scheme.

N-VOC

3. madam madams
Madam is sometimes used in front of words such as `Chairman' to address the woman who holds the position mentioned.

- I have to say this, Madam Chairman.

N-VOC: N n

4. madam
You can call a little girl a madam if you are annoyed because she is being naughty and behaving as if she expects other people to do what she wants. (mainly BRIT, SPOKEN)

- Sue is a thoroughly precocious little madam if ever there was one.

- Wait till I get you home, young madam.

N-COUNT; N-VOC disapproval

madcap

[D.J.:ˈmædkæp]

[K.K.:ˈmædˌkæp]

adj.

轻率的,狂妄的

n.

狂妄的人(尤指女子)

madcap

madcap
A madcap plan or scheme is very foolish and not likely to succeed. (INFORMAL)

- The politicians simply flitted from one madcap scheme to another.

- His fast-paced novels are full of bizarre situations and madcap antics.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

madcap

adjective Informal

reckless

crazy

foolhardy

hare-brained

imprudent

impulsive

rash

thoughtless

mad cow disease *

mad cow disease
Mad cow disease is a disease which affects the nervous system of cattle and causes death. (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT
= BSE

madden

[D.J.:ˈmædn]

[K.K.:ˈmædn..]

vt.

使狂怒, 使发狂

maddening

[D.J.:ˈmædnɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmædnɪŋ]

adj.

令人发狂的

使人恼怒的

激烈的

maddeningly

adv.

令人发狂地,使人恼火地

madden

madden maddens maddening maddened
To madden a person or animal means to make them very angry.

- The swine were maddening farmers by guzzling their lettuces.

- He is calmed by a lullaby, but maddened by any sudden loud noise.

- ...the maddened dogs.

VB
= infuriate

maddening

1. maddening
If you describe something as maddening , you mean that it makes you feel angry, irritated, or frustrated.

- Shopping in the January sales can be maddening.

- It is, in its way, a maddening biography.

ADJ-GRADED
= infuriating

2. maddeningly

- The service is maddeningly slow.

- `Aha!' Dave nodded maddeningly.

- Slowly, maddeningly, a smile surfaced on his face.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV after v, ADV with cl

madden

verb

infuriate

annoy

derange

drive one crazy

enrage

incense

inflame

irritate

upset

made

[D.J.:meɪd]

[K.K.:med]

make的过去式和过去分词

adj.

be made for each other

<非正>非常般配;是天生的一对

be made for life

<非正>衣食无忧;养尊处优

be made of money

<口>非常富有

have (got) it made

胸有成竹；稳操胜券；拥有想得到的一切

(be) made for sb/each other

非常协调；极般配

what sb. is made of

<非正>某人的真才实学〔真实本领、真正喜好〕

make

[D.J.:meik]

[K.K.:mek]

vt.

做; 制造; 被制造

做出, 制定, 产生

使, 使得

获得, 挣得

总计, 等于

成为, 使成为

到达

准备; 整理

认为; 估计

vi.

开始; 试图

行进, 趋向

增长起来

n.

制造, 样式, 牌子, 类型

体格; 气质

making

[D.J.:ˈmeɪkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmekɪŋ]

n.

制造, 制作

成功改进的手段

be the making of sb/sth

是使人/事物成功(或顺利发展)的原因

in the making

在发展(或形成)中；在制造中

of your own making

(问题或困难等)自己造成的；自作自受

made **

1. made
Made is the past tense and past participle of make .

2. made
If something is made of or made out of a particular substance, that substance was used to build it.

- The top of the table is made of glass.

- What is the statue made out of?

ADJ: v-link ADJ of/out of n

3. made
If you say that someone has it made or has got it made , you mean that they are certain to be rich or successful. (INFORMAL)

- When I was at school, I thought I had it made.

PHR: V inflects

make 1 carrying out an action *****

( Make is used in a large number of expressions which are explained under other words in this dictionary. For example, the expression `to make sense' is explained at `sense'.)

1. make makes making made
You can use make with a wide range of nouns to indicate that someone performs an action or says something. For example, if you make a suggestion, you suggest something.

- I'd just like to make a comment.

- I made a few phone calls.

- I think you're making a serious mistake.

- The Pope said the world had made some progress towards peace in 1991.

- Science and technology have made major changes to the way we live.

- She had made us an offer too good to refuse.

VB

2. make makes making made
You can use make with certain nouns to indicate that someone does something well or badly. For example, if you make a success of something, you do it successfully, and if you make a mess of something, you do it very badly.

- Apparently he made a mess of his audition.

- Are you really going to make a better job of it this time?

VB

3. make makes making made
If you make as if to do something or make to do something, you behave in a way that makes it seem that you are just about to do it. (WRITTEN)

- Mary made as if to protest, then hesitated.

- He made to chase Davey, who ran back laughing.

VB

4. make makes making made
In cricket, if a player makes a particular number of runs, they score that number of runs. In baseball or American football, if a player makes a particular score, they achieve that score.

- He made 1,972 runs for the county.

VB
= score

5. make
If you make do with something, you use or have it instead of something else that you do not have, although it is not as good.

- Why make do with a copy if you can afford the genuine article?.

- We're a bit low on bed linen. You'll have to make do.

PHR: make inflects, oft PHR with n

6. make
If you make like you are doing something, you act as if you are doing it, and if you make like someone, you act as if you are that person. (INFORMAL)

- Bob makes like he's a fish blowing bubbles.

PHR: V inflects, PHR cl, PHR n

make 2 causing or changing *****

1. make makes making made
If something makes you do something, it causes you to do it.

- Grit from the highway made him cough.

- The white tips of his shirt collar made him look like a choirboy.

- I was made to feel guilty and irresponsible.

VB

2. make makes making made
If you make someone do something, you force them to do it.

- Mama made him clean up the plate.

- You can't make me do anything.

- They were made to pay $8.8 million in taxes and $300,000 in penalty taxes.

VB

3. make makes making made
You use make to talk about causing someone or something to be a particular thing or to have a particular quality. For example, to make someone a star means to cause them to become a star, and to make someone angry means to cause them to become angry.

- ...James Bond, the role that made him a star...

- He returned to Chicago, and made it his base for the rest of his life.

- She made life very difficult for me.

- She's made it obvious that she's appalled by me.

- Rationing has made it easier to find some products like eggs, butter and meat.

- Does your film make a hero of Jim Garrison?

VB

4. make makes making made
If you say that one thing or person makes another seem, for example, small, stupid, or good, you mean that they cause them to seem small, stupid, or good in comparison, even though they are not.

- They live in fantasy worlds which make Euro Disney seem uninventive.

- Since he came to live with me, we have been subject to a campaign of spite and revenge which makes Lady Sarah appear angelic by comparison.

VB

5. make makes making made
If you make yourself understood, heard, or known, you succeed in getting people to understand you, hear you, or know that you are there.

- Aron couldn't speak Polish. I made myself understood with difficulty.

- He almost had to shout to make himself heard above the music.

VB

6. make makes making made
If you make someone something, you appoint them to a particular job, role, or position.

- Mr Blair made him transport minister.

- If I am made chairman, I hope Simon will stay on as my trusted lieutenant.

VB

7. make makes making made
If you make something into something else, you change it in some way so that it becomes that other thing.

- We made it into a beautiful home.

- Her bestseller `Peachtree Road' is soon to be made into a television mini-series.

VB

8. make makes making made
To make a total or score a particular amount means to increase it to that amount.

- This makes the total cost of the bulb and energy £27.

- Lupescu scored from 20 yards and then Balint made it 4-0.

VB

9. make makes making made
When someone makes a friend or an enemy, someone becomes their friend or their enemy, often because of a particular thing they have done.

- Lorenzo was a natural leader who made friends easily.

- He was unruly in class and made an enemy of most of his teachers.

VB

make 3 creating or producing *****

1. make makes making made
To make something means to produce, construct, or create it.

- She made her own bread.

- Nissan now makes cars at two plants in Europe.

- Having curtains made professionally can be costly.

- They make compost out of all kinds of waste.

VB

2. make makes making made
If someone makes a film or television programme, they are involved in creating or producing it.

- We are making a film about wildlife.

- ...the film `Queen Christina', made in 1934.

VB

3. make makes making made
If you make a meal or a drink, you prepare it.

- You wash while I make some lunch.

- Would you like me to make us all a coffee?

VB

4. make makes making made
If you make a note or list, you write something down in that form.

- Mr Perry made a note in his book.

- Make a list of your questions beforehand.

VB
= write

5. make makes making made
If you make rules or laws, you decide what these should be.

- The police don't make the laws, they merely enforce them.

- The only person who makes rules in this house is me.

VB

6. make makes making made
If you make money, you get it by working for it, by selling something, or by winning it.

- I think every business's goal is to make money.

- How much did we make?.

- Can it be moral to make so much money out of a commodity which is essential to life?.

VB

7. make makes making made
If something makes something else, it is responsible for the success of that thing.

- What really makes the book are the beautiful designs.

VB

8. make makes
The make of something such as a car or radio is the name of the company that made it.

- The only car parked outside is a black Saab -- a different make.

- ...a certain make of wristwatch.

N-COUNT: supp N, N of n
= brand

9. make
If you say that someone is on the make , you disapprove of them because they are trying to get a lot of money or power, possibly by illegal or immoral methods.
PHR: v-link PHR disapproval

make 4 link verb uses *****

1. make makes making made
You can use make to say that someone or something has the right qualities for a particular task or role. For example, if you say that someone will make a good politician, you mean that they have the right qualities to be a good politician.

- She'll make a good actress, if she gets the right training.

- You've a very good idea there. It will make a good book.

- Instructors decided he would never make a pilot.

- I'm very fond of Maurice and I'd make him a good wife.

V-LINK

2. make makes making made
If people make a particular pattern such as a line or a circle, they arrange themselves in this way.

- A group of people made a circle around the Pentagon.

V-LINK
= form

3. make makes making made
You can use make to say what two numbers add up to.

- Four twos make eight.

- He is adding three aircraft carriers -- that makes six in all.

V-LINK

make 5 achieving or reaching *****

1. make makes making made
If someone makes a particular team or makes a particular high position, they do so well that they are put in that team or get that position.

- The athletes are just happy to make the British team.

- He knew he was never going to make director.

VB

2. make makes making made
If you make a place in or by a particular time, you get there in or by that time, often with some difficulty.

- The engine is gulping two tons of fuel an hour in order to make New Orleans by nightfall.

VB

3. make
If you make it somewhere, you succeed in getting there, especially in time to do something.

- So you did make it to America, after all.

- ...the hostages who never made it home...

- I just made it!

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR prep/adv

4. make
If you make it , you are successful in achieving something difficult, or in surviving through a very difficult period.

- I believe I have the talent to make it.

- You're brave and courageous. You can make it.

PHR: V inflects

5. make
If you cannot make it , you are unable to attend an event that you have been invited to.

- `I can't make it,' she said. `That's Mother's Day.'.

- He hadn't been able to make it to our dinner.

PHR: V inflects, usu with brd-neg, oft PHR to n

make 6 stating an amount or time *****

1. make makes making made
You use make when saying what you calculate or guess an amount to be.

- All I want to know is how many T-shirts Jim Martin has got. I make it three.

- I make the total for the year £69,599.

VB

2. make makes making made
You use make when saying what time your watch says it is.

- I make it nearly 9.30.

- `What time d'you make it?' --- `Thirteen past.'

VB

making **

1. making
The making of something is the act or process of producing or creating it.

- ...Salamon's book about the making of this movie...

- Ducks' eggs are particularly prized for cake making.

N-UNCOUNT: the N of n, n N

2. making
If you describe a person or thing as something in the making , you mean that they are going to become known or recognized as that thing.

- Her drama teacher is confident Julie is a star in the making.

- I think it's a disaster in the making.

PHR: usu n PHR

3. making
If something is the making of a person or thing, it is the reason that they become successful or become very much better than they used to be.

- This discovery may yet be the making of him.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

4. making
If you say that a person or thing has the makings of something, you mean it seems possible or likely that they will become that thing, as they have the necessary qualities.

- Godfrey had the makings of a successful journalist.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

5. making
If you say that something such as a problem you have is of your own making , you mean you have caused or created it yourself.

- Some of the university's financial troubles are of its own making.

- The Prime Minister, however, is now caught in a trap of her own making.

PHR: v-link PHR

make

verb

1.

create

assemble

build

construct

fashion

form

manufacture

produce

put together

synthesize

2.

produce

accomplish

bring about

cause

create

effect

generate

give rise to

lead to

3.

force

cause

compel

constrain

drive

impel

induce

oblige

prevail upon

require

4.

amount to

add up to

compose

constitute

form

5.

perform

carry out

do

effect

execute

6.

earn

clear

gain

get

net

obtain

win

make it

7.

succeed

arrive informal

crack it informal

get on

prosper

noun

8.

brand

kind

model

sort

style

type

variety

making

noun

creation

assembly

building

composition

construction

fabrication

manufacture

production

-made

-made
-made combines with words such as `factory' to make adjectives that indicate that something has been made or produced in a particular place or in a particular way.

- ...a British-made car.

- ...specially-made footwear.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n

made-to-measure

adj.

(尤指衣服)量体裁制的

made-to-measure

made-to-measure
A made-to-measure suit, shirt, or other item of clothing is one that is made by a tailor to fit you exactly, rather than one that you buy already made in a shop.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

made-up

[ˈmeidˈʌp]

adj.

制成的,捏造的

made-up ***

1. made-up
If you are made-up , you are wearing make-up such as powder or eye shadow.

- She was made-up and ready to go.

- She was beautifully made-up, beautifully groomed.

- Very dark glossy lips look wrong with heavily made-up eyes.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, adv ADJ n also made up .

2. made-up
A made-up word, name, or story is invented, rather than really existing or being true.

- It looks like a made-up word.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also made up .
≠ real

madhouse

[D.J.:ˈmædhaus]

[K.K.:ˈmædˌhaʊs]

n.

精神病院,极为吵闹的场所

madhouse

1. madhouse madhouses
If you describe a place or situation as a madhouse , you mean that it is full of confusion and noise.

- That place is a madhouse.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. madhouse madhouses
A madhouse is a mental hospital. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT
= asylum

madman

[D.J.:ˈmædˌmæn, -mən]

[K.K.:ˈmædˌmæn, -mən]

n.

男疯子

精神失常者;男性精神病人

madman *

madman madmen
A madman is a man who is insane.

- He wanted to jump up and run outside, screaming like a madman.

N-COUNT

madman madwoman

noun Informal

lunatic

maniac

nutcase slang

psycho slang

psychopath

Madonna

[D.J.:məˈdɔnə]

[K.K.:məˈdɑnə]

n.

圣母玛利亚

圣母像

(m-)夫人,太太,女士(旧时意大利对已婚妇女的尊称)

Madonna *

Madonna
Catholics and other Christians sometimes call Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ, the Madonna .
N-PROPER: the N

madras

[ˈmædrəs,məˈdrɑ:s]

n.

马德拉斯布(一种薄棉布),一种结实耐用的丝绸

madras *

madras
A madras curry is a rather hot spicy curry.

- ...Madras curry powder.

ADJ: ADJ n

madrigal

[D.J.:ˈmædrɪgəl]

[K.K.:ˈmædrɪɡəl]

n.

(流行于16和17世纪无乐器伴奏的)合唱歌曲

madrigal

madrigal madrigals
A madrigal is a song sung by several singers without any musical instruments. Madrigals were popular in England in the sixteenth century.
N-COUNT

madwoman

[D.J.:ˈmædwumən]

[K.K.:ˈmædˌwʊmən]

n.

狂女,疯女

madwoman

madwoman madwomen
A madwoman is a woman who is insane. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

maelstrom

[D.J.:ˈmeɪlstrəm]

[K.K.:ˈmelstrəm]

n.

大漩涡

maelstrom

maelstrom maelstroms
If you describe a situation as a maelstrom , you mean that it is very confused or violent. (LITERARY)

- ...the maelstrom of ethnic hatreds and vendetta politics...

- Inside, she was a maelstrom of churning emotions.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp, oft N of n

maelstrom

noun

1.

whirlpool

vortex

2.

turmoil

chaos

confusion

disorder

tumult

upheaval

maestro

[D.J.:ˈmaɪstrəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪstro]

n.

<意>音乐大师(尤指名指挥)

maestro *

maestro
A maestro is a skilled and well-known musician or conductor.

- ...the urbane maestro's delightful first show.

N-COUNT; N-VOC

maestro

noun

master

expert

genius

virtuoso

mafia

[D.J.:'mɑ:fiə]

[K.K.:ˈm ɑfɪˌ ɑ]

n.

(M-)黑手党

秘密犯罪集团,秘密施加巨大影响的一伙人

mafia **

1. mafia mafias
The Mafia is a criminal organization that makes money illegally, especially by threatening people and dealing in drugs.

- The Mafia is by no means ignored by Italian television.

N-COUNT-COLL: the N

2. mafia mafias
You can use mafia to refer to an organized group of people who you disapprove of because they use unfair or illegal means in order to get what they want.

- They are well-connected with the south-based education-reform mafia.

N-COUNT: usu with supp disapproval

mag

[mæɡ]

n.

杂志

mag *

mag mags
A mag is the same as a magazine. (INFORMAL)

- ...a well-known glossy mag.

N-COUNT

magazine

[D.J.:ˌmæɡəˈzi:n]

[K.K.:ˈmæɡəˌzin, ˌmæɡəˈzin]

n.

杂志, 期刊

弹药库

magazine ****

1. magazine magazines
A magazine is a publication with a paper cover which is issued regularly, usually every week or every month, and which contains articles, stories, photographs, and advertisements.

- Her face is on the cover of a dozen or more magazines.

N-COUNT

2. magazine magazines
On radio or television, a magazine or a magazine programme is a programme consisting of several items about different topics, people, and events.

- ...a live arts magazine.

- ...`Science In Action', a weekly science magazine programme.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

3. magazine magazines
In an automatic gun, the magazine is the part that contains the bullets.
N-COUNT

4. magazine magazines
A magazine is a building in which things such as guns, bullets, and explosives are kept.
N-COUNT

magazine

noun

1.

journal

pamphlet

periodical

2.

storehouse

arsenal

depot

store

warehouse

magenta

[D.J.:məˈdʒentə]

[K.K.:məˈdʒɛntə]

n.

品红,洋红

品红染料

magenta

magenta magentas
Magenta is used to describe things that are dark reddish-purple in colour.

- ...magenta cotton trousers.

COLOUR

maggot

[D.J.:ˈmægət]

[K.K.:ˈmæɡət]

n.

蛆

maggoty

adj.

多蛆的

maggoty

[ˈmæɡəti]

adj.

狂想的,多蛆的

maggot **

maggot maggots
Maggots are creatures that look like very small worms and turn into flies.
N-COUNT

magic

[D.J.:ˈmædʒik]

[K.K.:ˈmædʒɪk]

n.

魔法, 法术; 巫术

魔术, 戏法

魔力, 魅力

adj.

魔法的, 法术的

很好的, 奇异的

magic ***

1. magic
Magic is the power to use supernatural forces to make impossible things happen, such as making people disappear or controlling events in nature.

- They believe in magic.

- ...the use of magic to combat any adverse powers or influences...

- Older legends say that Merlin raised the stones by magic.

N-UNCOUNT

2. magic
You can use magic when you are referring to an event that is so wonderful, strange, or unexpected that it seems as if supernatural powers have caused it. You can also say that something happens as if by magic or like magic .

- All this was supposed to work magic.

- The picture will now appear, as if by magic!.

- The fog disappeared like magic.

N-UNCOUNT

3. magic
You use magic to describe something that does things, or appears to do things, by magic.

- So it's a magic potion?

- ...the magic ingredient that helps to keep skin looking smooth.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. magic
Magic is the art and skill of performing mysterious tricks to entertain people, for example by making things appear and disappear.

- His secret hobby: performing magic tricks.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

5. magic
If you refer to the magic of something, you mean that it has a special mysterious quality which makes it seem wonderful and exciting to you and which makes you feel happy.

- It infected them with some of the magic of a lost age.

- There can be a magic about love that defies all explanation.

- There were also moments of pure magic.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

6. magic
Also an adjective.

- Then came those magic moments in the rose-garden.

ADJ-GRADED

7. magic
If you refer to a person's magic , you mean a special talent or ability that they have, which you admire or consider very impressive.

- The 32-year-old Jamaican-born fighter believes he can still regain some of his old magic.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

8. magic
You can use expressions such as the magic number and the magic word to indicate that a number or word is the one which is significant or desirable in a particular situation.

- ...their quest to gain the magic number of 270 electoral votes on Election Day.

- ...the magic word that opened doors onto private worlds.

ADJ: the ADJ n

9. magic
Magic is used in expressions such as there is no magic formula and there is no magic solution to say that someone will have to make an effort to solve a problem, because it will not solve itself.

- There is no magic formula for producing winning products.

- There is no magic cure.

ADJ: ADJ n, with neg

10. magic
If you say that something is magic , you think it is very good or enjoyable. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- It was magic -- one of the best days of my life.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= great

magic

noun

1.

sorcery

black art

enchantment

necromancy

witchcraft

wizardry

2.

conjuring

illusion

legerdemain

prestidigitation

sleight of hand

trickery

3.

charm

allurement

enchantment

fascination

glamour

magnetism

power

adjective

4.

miraculous

bewitching

charming

enchanting

entrancing

fascinating

marvellous

spellbinding

magical

[D.J.:ˈmædʒɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈmædʒɪkəl]

adj.

魔力的, 不可思议的, 迷人的

magically

adv.

如魔法般地,用魔法地

magical **

1. magical
Something that is magical seems to use magic or to be able to produce magic.

- ...the story of Sin-Sin, a little boy who has magical powers.

N-UNCOUNT

2. magically

- ...the story of a young boy's adventures after he is magically transported through the cinema screen.

ADV: ADV with v

3. magical
You can say that a place or object is magical when it has a special mysterious quality that makes it seem wonderful and exciting.

- The beautiful island of Cyprus is a magical place to get married.

ADJ-GRADED

magic bullet

1. magic bullet magic bullets
In medicine, a magic bullet is a drug or treatment that can cure a disease quickly and completely.
N-COUNT

2. magic bullet magic bullets
A magic bullet is an easy solution to a difficult problem. (INFORMAL)

- A lot of people are looking for some sort of magic bullet that will solve this problem.

N-COUNT

magic carpet

magic carpet magic carpets
In stories, a magic carpet is a special carpet that can carry people through the air.
N-COUNT

magician

[D.J.:məˈdʒɪʃən]

[K.K.:məˈdʒɪʃən]

n.

魔术师, 术士

magician *

1. magician magicians
A magician is a person who entertains people by doing magic tricks.
N-COUNT
= conjurer

2. magician magicians
In fairy stories, a magician is a person, usually a man, who has magic powers.
N-COUNT

3. magician magicians
If you call someone a magician , you admire the skilful and exciting way they do something.

- Bevan was a magician with words.

- ...a magician of the keyboard.

N-COUNT: oft N of/with n approval

magician

noun

sorcerer

conjuror or conjuror

enchanter or enchantress

illusionist

necromancer

warlock

witch

wizard

magic mushroom

magic mushroom magic mushrooms
Magic mushrooms are a type of mushroom which contain a drug and may make the person who eats them believe they are seeing things which are not real.
N-COUNT: usu pl

magic realism

magic realism
Magic realism is a style of writing or painting which sometimes describes dreams as though they were real, and real events as though they were dreams.
N-UNCOUNT also magical realism

magic wand

1. magic wand magic wands
A magic wand or a wand is a long thin rod that magicians and fairies wave when they are performing tricks and magic.
N-COUNT
= wand

2. magic wand magic wands
You use magic wand , especially in the expression there is no magic wand , to indicate that someone is dealing with a difficult problem which cannot be solved quickly and easily.

- There is no magic wand to secure a just peace.

- People can't expect him to wave a magic wand.

N-COUNT: usu with brd-neg

magisterial

[D.J.:ˌmædʒɪˈstɪəri:əl]

[K.K.:ˌmædʒɪˈstɪriəl]

adj.

有权威的,威严的,专断的

地方法官的,地方法官办的

硕士的

magisterially

adv.

威严地

magisterial

magisterial
If you describe someone's behaviour or work as magisterial , you mean that they show great authority or ability. (FORMAL)

- ...his magisterial voice and bearing...

- The Cambridge World History of Human Disease is a magisterial work.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

magisterial

adjective

authoritative

commanding

lordly

masterful

magistrate

[D.J.:ˈmædʒistrit]

[K.K.:ˈmædʒɪˌstret, -strɪt]

n.

地方法官, 治安官

magistrate **

magistrate magistrates
A magistrate is an official who acts as a judge in law courts which deal with minor crimes or disputes.
N-COUNT

magistrate

noun

judge

J.P.

justice

justice of the peace

magnanimity

[D.J.:ˌmæɡnəˈnimiti]

[K.K.:ˌmæɡnəˈnɪmɪti]

n.

宽宏大量

magnanimous

[D.J.:mægˈnænəməs]

[K.K.:mæɡˈnænəməs]

adj.

宽宏大量的,有雅量的

magnanimity

n.

magnanimity

magnanimity
Magnanimity is kindness and generosity towards someone, especially after defeating them or being treated badly by them. (FORMAL)

- We will have to show magnanimity in victory.

- The father of one victim spoke with remarkable magnanimity.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ vindictiveness

magnanimity

noun

generosity

benevolence

big-heartedness

largesse or largess

nobility

selflessness

unselfishness

magnanimous

1. magnanimous
If you are magnanimous , you behave kindly and generously towards someone, especially after defeating them or being treated badly by them.

- I was prepared to be magnanimous, prepared to feel compassion for him.

- He was a man capable of magnanimous gestures.

ADJ-GRADED
= generous

2. magnanimously

- `You were right, and we were wrong,' he said magnanimously.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

magnanimous

adjective

generous

big-hearted

bountiful

charitable

kind

noble

selfless

unselfish

magnate

[D.J.:ˈmægˌneɪt, -nɪt]

[K.K.:ˈmæɡˌnet, -nɪt]

n.

富豪,权贵,巨头

magnate *

magnate magnates
A magnate is someone who has earned a lot of money from a particular business or industry.

- ...a multimillionaire shipping magnate.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= tycoon

magnate

noun

tycoon

baron

captain of industry

mogul

plutocrat

magnesium

[D.J.:mægˈni:zi:əm, -ʒəm]

[K.K.:mæɡˈniziəm, -ʒəm]

n.

<化>镁(金属元素)

magnesium *

magnesium
Magnesium is a light silvery-white metal which burns with a bright white flame.
N-UNCOUNT

magnet

[D.J.:ˈmæɡnit]

[K.K.:ˈmæɡnɪt]

n.

磁铁, 磁体

有吸引力的人[物]

magnet *

1. magnet magnets
If you say that something is a magnet or is like a magnet , you mean that people are very attracted by it and want to go to it or look at it.

- Prospect Park, with its vast lake, is a magnet for all health freaks.

- Lower interest rates are acting like a magnet, dragging consumers back to the shops.

N-COUNT: usu a N in sing, oft N for n

2. magnet magnets
A magnet is a piece of iron or other material which attracts iron towards it.

- It's possible to hang a nail from a magnet and then use that nail to pick up another nail.

N-COUNT

magnetic

[D.J.:mæɡˈnetik]

[K.K.:mæɡˈnɛtɪk]

adj.

有磁性的, 有吸引力的

磁性的

magnetically

adv.

有磁力地,有魅力地

magnetic **

1. magnetic
If something metal is magnetic , it acts like a magnet.

- ...magnetic particles.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. magnetic
You use magnetic to describe something that is caused by or relates to the force of magnetism.

- The electrically charged gas particles are affected by magnetic forces.

ADJ

3. magnetically

- ...metal fragments held together magnetically.

ADV: ADV after v

4. magnetic
You use magnetic to describe tapes and other objects which have a coating of a magnetic substance and contain coded information that can be read by computers or other machines.

- ...her magnetic strip ID card.

- ...magnetic recording tape.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

5. magnetic
If you describe something as magnetic , you mean that it is very attractive to people because it has unusual, powerful, and exciting qualities.

- ...the magnetic effect of the prosperous German economy on would-be immigrants.

- ...the magnetic pull of his looks and her personality.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

magnetic

adjective

attractive

captivating

charismatic

charming

fascinating

hypnotic

irresistible

mesmerizing

seductive

magnetic field *

magnetic field magnetic fields
A magnetic field is an area around a magnet, or something functioning as a magnet, in which the magnet's power to attract things is felt.
N-COUNT

magnetic tape

magnetic tape magnetic tapes
Magnetic tape is plastic tape covered with iron oxide or a similar magnetic substance. It is used for recording sounds, film, or computer information.
N-VAR
= tape

magnetism

[D.J.:ˈmægnɪˌtɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈmæɡnɪˌtɪzəm]

n.

磁性, 磁学

个人吸引力, 个人魅力

magnetism

1. magnetism
Someone or something that has magnetism has unusual, powerful, and exciting qualities which attract people to them.

- There was no doubting the animal magnetism of the man.

- Later, she would describe his magnetism as irresistible.

- ...the extraordinary magnetism the music seemed to have.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. magnetism
Magnetism is the natural power of some objects and substances, especially iron, to attract other objects towards them.
N-UNCOUNT

magnetism

noun

charm

allure

appeal

attraction

charisma

drawing power

magic

pull

seductiveness

magnetize

[D.J.:ˈmægnɪˌtaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈmæɡnɪˌtaɪz]

vt.

使有磁性;使磁化

紧紧吸引,迷住

magnetize

magnetize magnetizes magnetizing magnetized
If you magnetize something, you make it magnetic.

- Make a Mobius strip out of a ribbon of mild steel and magnetise it.

- ...a small metal chessboard with magnetized playing pieces.

VB (BRIT) also magnetise

magnet school

magnet school magnet schools
A magnet school is a state-funded school, usually in a poor area, which is given extra resources in order to attract new pupils from other areas and help improve the school's performance. (JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT

magnification

[D.J.:ˌmægnəfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmæɡnəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

放大;夸大

放大率

magnification

1. magnification
Magnification is the act or process of magnifying something.

- The man was tall, his figure shortened by the magnification of Lenny's binoculars.

- I find England strange and unique and beautiful. And for me, London is the magnification of all that.

N-UNCOUNT

2. magnification magnifications
Magnification is the degree to which a lens, mirror, or other device can magnify an object, or the degree to which the object is magnified.

- The electron microscope uses a beam of electrons to produce images at high magnifications.

- The magnification is 833,333 times the original size.

N-VAR

magnification

noun

increase

amplification

enhancement

enlargement

expansion

heightening

intensification

magnificence

[D.J.:mæɡˈnifisns]

[K.K.:mæɡˈnɪfɪsəns]

n.

华丽,富丽堂皇

magnificent

[D.J.:mæɡˈnifisənt]

[K.K.:mæɡˈnɪfɪsənt]

adj.

壮丽的, 伟大的, 华丽的, 高贵的

magnificently

[D.J.:mæ gˈnɪfɪsəntlɪ]

[K.K.:mæɡˈnɪfɪsəntlɪ]

adv.

壮丽地,宏伟地,壮观地

极好地；出色地

magnificent **

1. magnificent
If you say that something or someone is magnificent , you mean that you think they are extremely good, beautiful, or impressive.

- ...a magnificent country house in wooded grounds.

- ...magnificent views over the San Fernando Valley...

- She is magnificent at making you feel you can talk quite naturally to her.

ADJ-GRADED
= splendid

2. magnificence

- I shall never forget the magnificence of the Swiss mountains and the beauty of the lakes.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= splendour

3. magnificently

- The team played magnificently throughout the competition.

- ...a magnificently elaborate head-dress.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj/-ed
= splendidly

magnificence

noun

splendour

brilliance

glory

grandeur

majesty

nobility

opulence

stateliness

sumptuousness

magnificent

adjective

1.

splendid

glorious

gorgeous

imposing

impressive

majestic

regal

sublime

sumptuous

2.

excellent

brilliant

fine

outstanding

splendid

superb

magnify

[D.J.:ˈmæɡnifai]

[K.K.:ˈmæɡnəˌfaɪ]

vt.

放大; 扩大

夸大

夸奖; 赞美

magnifying

[ˈmæɡnifaiiŋ]

adj.

放大的

v.

增加,升高,放大

magnify *

1. magnify magnifies magnifying magnified
To magnify an object means to make it appear larger than it really is, by means of a special lens or mirror.

- This version of the Digges telescope magnifies images 11 times.

- A lens would magnify the picture so it would be like looking at a large TV screen.

- ...magnifying lenses.

VB
= enlarge

2. magnify magnifies magnifying magnified
To magnify something means to increase its effect, size, loudness, or intensity.

- Poverty and human folly magnify natural disasters.

- Their noises were magnified in the still, wet air.

- ...using bank loans to magnify his buying power.

VB

3. magnify magnifies magnifying magnified
If you magnify something, you make it seem more important or serious than it really is.

- They do not grasp the broad situation and spend their time magnifying ridiculous details.

- Any signs of discontent tend to be magnified and overanalyzed.

VB
= exaggerate

magnify

verb

1.

enlarge

amplify

blow up informal

boost

dilate

expand

heighten

increase

intensify

2.

overstate

exaggerate

inflate

overemphasize

overplay

magnifying glass

magnifying glass magnifying glasses
A magnifying glass is a piece of glass which makes objects appear bigger than they actually are.
N-COUNT

magnitude

[D.J.:ˈmæɡnitju:d]

[K.K.:ˈmæɡnɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

巨大; 重要性

〈天〉星等

magnitude *

1. magnitude
If you talk about the magnitude of something, you are talking about its great size, scale, or importance.

- An operation of this magnitude is going to be difficult.

- These are issues of great magnitude.

- No one seems to realise the magnitude of this problem.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. magnitude magnitudes
Magnitude is used in stating the size or extent of something such as a star, earthquake, or explosion. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the 1.2 magnitude star Fomalhaut...

- The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a magnitude of 8.3.

N-VAR: with supp, oft num N, N of num, N num

3. magnitude
You can use order of magnitude when you are giving an approximate idea of the amount or importance of something.

- America and Russia do not face a problem of the same order of magnitude as Japan.

PHR: order inflects
= scale

4. magnitude
In mathematics, if one amount is an order of magnitude larger than another, it is ten times larger than the other. If it is two orders of magnitude larger, it is a hundred times larger. (TECHNICAL)

- The time delay would be smaller by eight orders of magnitude.

PHR: order inflects

magnitude

noun

1.

importance

consequence

greatness

moment

note

significance

weight

2.

size

amount

amplitude

extent

mass

quantity

volume

magnolia

[D.J.:mægˈnəʊljə]

[K.K.:mæɡˈnoljə]

n.

<植>木兰

淡桃红色

magnolia *

1. magnolia magnolias
A magnolia is a kind of tree with white, pink, yellow, or purple flowers.
N-COUNT

2. magnolia magnolias
You can use magnolia to describe things that are creamy-white in colour.
COLOUR

magnum

[ˈmæɡnəm]

n.

大酒瓶(容量约为2/5加仑)

magnum

magnum magnums
A magnum is a wine bottle holding the equivalent of two normal bottles, approximately 1.5 litres.

- ...a magnum of champagne.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

magnum opus

magnum opus
A magnum opus is the greatest or most important work produced by a writer, artist, musician, or academic.

- ...Gadamer's magnum opus `Truth and Method'.

N-SING: oft poss N

magpie

[D.J.:ˈmægˌpaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈmæɡˌpaɪ]

n.

喜鹊

饶舌者

不加选择的收集者

magpie *

1. magpie magpies
A magpie is a large black and white bird with a long tail.
N-COUNT

2. magpie magpies
If you describe someone as a magpie , you mean that they like collecting and keeping things, often things that have little value. (INFORMAL)

- A born magpie, Mandy collects any object that catches her eye.

N-COUNT
= hoarder

maharaja

[ˌmɑ:həˈrɑ:dʒə]

n.

王公(印度对君候之敬称)

maharaja

maharaja maharajas
A maharaja is the head of one of the royal families that used to rule parts of India.
N-COUNT also maharajah .

mahogany

[D.J.:məˈhɔgəni:]

[K.K.:məˈhɑɡəni]

n.

桃花心木, 红木;红褐色

mahogany *

mahogany
Mahogany is a dark reddish-brown wood that is used to make furniture.

- ...mahogany tables and chairs.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

maid

[D.J.:meid]

[K.K.:med]

n.

女仆, 女佣

少女, 年轻的未婚女子

maid **

maid maids
A maid is a woman who works as a servant in a hotel or private house.

- A maid brought me breakfast at half past eight.

N-COUNT
See also old maid .

maid

noun

1.

girl

damsel

lass

lassie informal

maiden

wench

2.

servant

housemaid

maidservant

serving-maid

maiden

[D.J.:ˈmeidn]

[K.K.:ˈmedn]

n.

处女, 少女

adj.

少女的, 女子的

首次的, 初次的

maiden *

1. maiden maidens
A maiden is a young girl or woman. (LITERARY)

- ...stories of noble princes and their brave deeds on behalf of beautiful maidens.

N-COUNT
= damsel

2. maiden
The maiden voyage or flight of a ship or aircraft is the first official journey that it makes.

- In 1912, the Titanic sank on her maiden voyage.

ADJ: ADJ n

maiden

noun

1.

girl

damsel

lass

lassie informal

maid

virgin

wench

adjective

2.

unmarried

unwed

3.

first

inaugural

initial

introductory

maiden aunt

maiden aunt maiden aunts
A maiden aunt is an aunt who is not married. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

maiden name

maiden name maiden names
A married woman's maiden name is her parents' surname, which she used before she got married and started using her husband's surname.
N-COUNT: usu poss N
= married name

maiden speech

maiden speech maiden speeches
A politician's maiden speech is the first speech that he or she makes in parliament after becoming a member of it. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

maid of honour

maid of honour maids of honour
A maid of honour is the chief bridesmaid at a wedding. (AM)
N-COUNT

mail

[D.J.:meil]

[K.K.:mel]

n.

邮政(制度), 邮递

邮件, 邮包

vt.

邮寄

mailed

[D.J.:meild]

[K.K.:meld]

adj.

披着锁子甲的,装甲的;有锁子甲状鳞的

mailing

[ˈmeiliŋ]

n.

〈美〉邮寄,投递,邮件,〈苏格兰〉农场租金

mail ***

1. mail
The mail is the public service or system by which letters and parcels are collected and delivered.

- Your check is in the mail.

- People had to renew their motor vehicle registrations through the mail.

- The firm has offices in several large cities, but does most of its business by mail.

N-SING: the N, also by N
= post

2. mail
You can refer to letters and parcels that are delivered to you as mail .

- There was no mail except the usual junk addressed to the occupier.

- Nora looked through the mail.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N
= post

3. mail mails mailing mailed
If you mail a letter or parcel to someone, you send it to them by putting it in a post box or taking it to a post office. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use post )

- Last year, he mailed the documents to French journalists.

- He mailed me the contract.

- The Government has already mailed some 18 million households with details of the public offer.

VB

4. mail mails mailing mailed
To mail a message to someone means to send it to them by means of electronic mail or a computer network.

- ...if a report must be electronically mailed to an office by 9 am the next day.

VB

5. mail
Also a noun.

- If you have any problems then send me some mail.

N-UNCOUNT

mailing

1. mailing
Mailing is the activity of sending things to people through the postal service.

- The newsletter was printed towards the end of June in readiness for mailing.

- The owners of the store have stepped up customer mailings.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. mailing mailings
A mailing is something that is sent to people through the postal service.

- The seniors organizations sent out mailings to their constituencies.

N-COUNT

mail

noun

1.

post

correspondence

letters

verb

2.

post

dispatch

forward

send

mail out ***

mail out mails out; mailing out; mailed out
If someone mails out things such as letters, leaflets, or bills, they send them to a large number of people at the same time. (mainly AM; in BRIT use send out )

- This week, the company mailed out its annual report.

PHR-V
= send out

mailbag

[ˈmeilbæɡ]

n.

邮袋

mailbag

mailbag mailbags
A mailbag is a large bag that is used by postal workers for carrying mail.
N-COUNT also mail bag .

mailbox

[D.J.:ˈmeilbɔks]

[K.K.:ˈmelˌbɑks]

n.

邮筒, 信箱

mailbox *

1. mailbox mailboxes
A mailbox is a box outside your house where your letters are delivered. (AM)
N-COUNT

2. mailbox mailboxes
A mailbox is a metal box in a public place, where you put letters and packets to be collected. They are then sorted and delivered. (mainly AM; in BRIT use post box )
N-COUNT

3. mailbox mailboxes
On a computer, your mailbox is the file where your e-mail is stored.
N-COUNT: usu sing

mailing list

mailing list mailing lists
A mailing list is a list of names and addresses that a company or organization keeps, so that they can send people information or advertisements.
N-COUNT

mailman

[D.J.:ˈmeɪlˌmæn, -mən]

[K.K.:ˈmelˌmæn, -mən]

n.

邮递员

mailman

mailman mailmen
A mailman is a man whose job is to collect and deliver letters and parcels that are sent by post. (AM; in BRIT usually use postman )
N-COUNT

mail order **

1. mail order
Mail order is a system of buying and selling goods. You choose the goods you want from a company by looking at their catalogue, and the company sends them to you by post.

- The toys are available by mail order from Opi Toys.

- Many of them also offer a mail-order service.

N-UNCOUNT: oft by N, N n

2. mail order mail orders
Mail orders are goods that have been ordered by mail order. (mainly AM)

- I supervise the packing of all mail orders.

N-COUNT: usu pl

mailshot

n.

邮寄广告

mailshot

mailshot mailshots
A mailshot is a letter advertising something or appealing for money for a particular charity. Mailshots are sent out to a large number of people at once. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

maim

[D.J.:meɪm]

[K.K.:mem]

vt.

使受重伤, 使残废

maimed

[meimd]

adj.

受伤的,残废的

maim *

maim maims maiming maimed
To maim someone means to injure them so badly that part of their body is permanently damaged.

- Mines have been scattered in rice paddies and jungles, maiming and killing civilians.

- One man has lost his life, another has been maimed.

VB
= injure

maim

verb

cripple

disable

hurt

injure

mutilate

wound

main

[D.J.:mein]

[K.K.:men]

adj.

主要的; 最重要的

n.

总管道; 干线

mains

[meinz]

n.

〈英〉总输电线

main *****

1. main
The main thing is the most important one of several similar things in a particular situation.

- ...one of the main tourist areas of Amsterdam...

- My main concern now is to protect the children.

- What are the main differences and similarities between them?

ADJ: det ADJ
= chief

2. main
If you say that something is true in the main , you mean that it is generally true, although there may be exceptions.

- Tourists are, in the main, sympathetic people.

- In the main, children are taboo in the workplace.

PHR: PHR with cl
= in general on the whole

3. main mains
The mains are the pipes which supply gas or water to buildings, or which take sewage away from them.

- ...the water supply from the mains...

- The capital has been without mains water since Wednesday night.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp

4. main mains
The mains are the wires which supply electricity to buildings, or the place where the wires end inside the building. (mainly BRIT)

- ...amplifiers which plug into the mains...

- Make sure plugs are disconnected from the mains.

- It is mains or battery powered.

N-PLURAL: usu the N

main

adjective

1.

chief

central

essential

foremost

head

leading

pre-eminent

primary

principal

noun

2.

conduit

cable

channel

duct

line

pipe

in the main

3.

on the whole

for the most part

generally

in general

mainly

mostly

main clause

main clause main clauses
A main clause is a clause that can stand alone as a complete sentence. Compare subordinate clause .
N-COUNT

main drag

main drag
The main drag in a town or city is its main street. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- ...just two blocks off the main drag in Aberdeen, South Dakota.

N-SING: the N

mainframe

[ˈmeinfreim]

n.

(大型电脑的)主机, 中央处理机

mainframe *

mainframe mainframes
A mainframe or mainframe computer is a large powerful computer which can be used by many people at the same time and which can do very large or complicated tasks.
N-COUNT

mainland

[D.J.:ˈmeinlənd]

[K.K.:ˈmenˌlænd, -lənd]

n.

大陆

mainland **

mainland
You can refer to the largest part of a country or continent as the mainland when contrasting it with the islands around it.

- She was going to Nanaimo to catch the ferry to the mainland.

- ...the islands that lie off the coast of mainland Britain.

N-SING: the N, N n

mainline

n.

静脉注射[打针]

mainline

1. mainline
A mainline railway is a major railway between two important places.

- ...the first mainline railway to be built in Britain for almost a hundred years...

- All of London's mainline stations were shut down after the explosion.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. mainline
You can use mainline to describe people, ideas, and activities that belong to the most central, conventional, and normal part of a tradition, institution, or business.

- We observe a striking shift away from a labor theory among all mainline economists.

- Mainline feminism was arguing for the inherent beauty of the natural woman.

ADJ: ADJ n
= mainstream

3. mainline mainlines mainlining mainlined
If people mainline a drug or if they mainline , they inject an illegal drug into themselves. (INFORMAL)

- We see him snorting and mainlining cocaine.

VB: usu cont
= inject

mainly

[D.J.:ˈmeɪnli:]

[K.K.:ˈmenli]

adv.

①大部分地;主要地

在多数情况下

mainly ****

1. mainly
You use mainly when mentioning the main reason or thing involved in something.

- The stockmarket scandal is refusing to go away, mainly because there's still no consensus over how it should be dealt with.

- The birds live mainly on nectar.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV with v
= primarily

2. mainly
You use mainly when you are referring to a group and stating something that is true of most of it.

- The African half of the audience was mainly from Senegal or Mali.

- The spacious main bedroom is mainly blue.

ADV: ADV with group
= mostly

mainly

adverb

chiefly

for the most part

in the main

largely

mostly

on the whole

predominantly

primarily

principally

main road *

main road main roads
A main road is an important road that leads from one town or city to another.

- Webb turned off the main road and drove round to the car park.

N-COUNT

mainspring

[D.J.:ˈmeɪnˌsprɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmenˌsprɪŋ]

n.

主体部分;主要影响

(钟表等的)主发条

mainspring

mainspring mainsprings
If you say that an idea, emotion, or other factor is the mainspring of something, you mean that it is the most important reason or motive for that thing. (WRITTEN)

- My life has been music, and a constant search for it has been the mainspring of my life.

- You begin to understand what actions were the mainspring of the story.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the N of n

mainstay

[D.J.:ˈmeɪnˌsteɪ]

[K.K.:ˈmenˌste]

n.

主要支持者〔物〕 , 支柱;骨干

mainstay *

mainstay mainstays
If you describe something as the mainstay of a particular thing, you mean that it is the most basic part of it.

- Fish and rice were the mainstays of the country's diet.

- This principle of collective bargaining has been a mainstay in labor relations in this country.

N-COUNT: usu the N of n

mainstay

noun

pillar

anchor

backbone

bulwark

buttress

lynchpin

prop

mainstream

[D.J.:ˈmeɪnˌstri:m]

[K.K.:ˈmenˌstrim]

n.

(思想或行为的)主流

mainstream **

mainstream mainstreams
People, activities, or ideas that are part of the mainstream are regarded as the most typical, normal, and conventional because they belong to the same group or system as most others of their kind.

- ...people outside the economic mainstream...

- This was the company's first step into the mainstream of scientific and commercial computing.

- The show wanted to attract a mainstream audience.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

mainstream

adjective

conventional

accepted

current

established

general

orthodox

prevailing

received

Main Street

1. Main Street
In small towns in the United States, the street where most of the shops are is often called Main Street .
N-PROPER

2. Main Street
Main Street is used by journalists to refer to the ordinary people of America who live in small towns rather than big cities or are not very rich. (AM)

- This financial crisis had a much greater impact on Main Street.

N-UNCOUNT

maintain

[D.J.:meinˈtein]

[K.K.:menˈten]

vt.

保持; 继续

保养, 维护

坚持; 主张

供给; 赡养

maintain ****

1. maintain maintains maintaining maintained
If you maintain something, you continue to have it, and do not let it stop or grow weaker.

- The Department maintains many close contacts with the chemical industry.

- Push yourself to make friends and to maintain the friendships.

- ...the emergency powers to try to maintain law and order.

VB
= preserve

2. maintain maintains maintaining maintained
If you say that someone maintains that something is true, you mean that they have stated their opinion strongly but not everyone agrees with them or believes them.

- He has maintained that the money was donated for international purposes.

- Prosecutors maintain no deal was made.

- `Not all feminism has to be like this,' Jo maintains.

- He had always maintained his innocence.

VB
= claim

3. maintain maintains maintaining maintained
If you maintain something at a particular rate or level, you keep it at that rate or level.

- The government was right to maintain interest rates at a high level.

- ...action is required to ensure standards are maintained at as high a level as possible.

VB
= keep

4. maintain maintains maintaining maintained
If you maintain a road, building, vehicle, or machine, you keep it in good condition by regularly checking it and repairing it when necessary.

- ...a tough campaign to force authorities to maintain roads properly...

- The house costs a fortune to maintain.

- The cars are getting older and less well-maintained.

VB
= look after

5. maintain maintains maintaining maintained
If you maintain someone, you provide them with money and other things that they need.

- He should pay and maintain you as well.

- ...the basic costs of maintaining a child.

VB
= provide for keep

maintain

verb

1.

keep up

carry on

continue

perpetuate

preserve

prolong

retain

sustain

2.

support

care for

look after

provide for

supply

take care of

3.

assert

avow

claim

contend

declare

insist

profess

state

maintenance

[D.J.:ˈmeintinəns]

[K.K.:ˈmentənəns]

n.

维持; 维护; 保养; 维修

赡养费

maintenance **

1. maintenance
The maintenance of a building, vehicle, road, or machine is the process of keeping it in good condition by regularly checking it and repairing it when necessary.

- ...maintenance work on government buildings...

- The window had been replaced last week during routine maintenance.

- ...car maintenance lessons.

N-UNCOUNT

2. maintenance
Maintenance is money that someone gives regularly to another person to pay for the things that the person needs.

- ...the government's plan to make absent fathers pay maintenance for their children.

N-UNCOUNT

3. maintenance
If you ensure the maintenance of a state or process, you make sure that it continues.

- ...the maintenance of peace and stability in Asia.

- ...the importance of natural food to the maintenance of health.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

maintenance

noun

1.

continuation

carrying-on

perpetuation

prolongation

2.

upkeep

care

conservation

keeping

nurture

preservation

repairs

3.

allowance

alimony

keep

support

maisonette

[D.J.:ˌmeɪzəˈnet, -sə-]

[K.K.:ˌmezəˈnɛt, -sə-]

n.

(占两层楼的)公寓套房

小屋

maisonette

maisonette maisonettes
A maisonette is a flat that usually has a separate door to the outside from other flats in the same building. Many maisonettes are on two floors. (BRIT)

- He lived in a ground floor maisonette.

N-COUNT

maize

[D.J.:meɪz]

[K.K.:mez]

n.

玉米

maize *

maize
Maize is a tall plant which produces long objects covered with yellow seeds called sweetcorn. It is often grown as a food crop. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use corn )

- ...vast fields of maize.

N-UNCOUNT
= Indian corn

Maj.

abbr.

Major 少校

Maj *

Maj
Maj is a written abbreviation for Major when it is used as a title.

- ...Maj D B Lee.

N-TITLE

majestic

[D.J.:məˈdʒestik]

[K.K.:məˈdʒɛstɪk]

adj.

雄伟的, 威严的

壮丽的

majestically

[D.J.:məˈd ʒestɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:məˈd ʒ ɛstɪkəlɪ]

adv.

雄伟地,庄重地,威严地,崇高地

majestic *

1. majestic
If you describe something or someone as majestic , you think they are very beautiful, dignified, and impressive.

- ...a majestic country home that once belonged to the Astor family...

- Anna looked tanned and majestic in her linen caftan.

ADJ-GRADED
= grand

2. majestically

- She rose majestically to her feet.

- Fuji is a majestically beautiful mountain.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

majestic

adjective

grand

grandiose

impressive

magnificent

monumental

regal

splendid

stately

sublime

superb

majesty

[D.J.:ˈmædʒisti]

[K.K.:ˈmædʒɪsti]

n.

雄伟, 壮丽; 庄严

陛下

majesty **

1. majesty majesties
You use majesty in expressions such as Your Majesty or Her Majesty when you are addressing or referring to a King or Queen.

- I quite agree, Your Majesty.

- His Majesty requests your presence in the royal chambers.

- Their Majesties celebrated our arrival by giving us each a little silver spoon.

N-VOC: poss N; PRON: poss PRON politeness
= highness

2. majesty
Majesty is the quality of being beautiful, dignified, and impressive.

- ...the majesty of the mainland mountains.

N-UNCOUNT

majesty

noun

grandeur

glory

magnificence

nobility

pomp

splendour

stateliness

major

[D.J.:ˈmeidʒə]

[K.K.:ˈmedʒɚ]

adj.

较大的; 主要的; 严重的

n.

少校

专业; 主修科目

vi.

〈美〉主修, 专攻

major *****

1. major
You use major when you want to describe something that is more important, serious, or significant than other things in a group or situation.

- The major factor in the decision to stay or to leave was usually professional.

- Drug abuse has long been a major problem for the authorities there.

- Exercise has a major part to play in preventing and combating disease.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= significant

2. major
A major is an officer who is one rank above captain in the British army or the United States army, air force, or marines.

- I was a major in the war, you know.

- ...Major Alan Bulman.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC

3. major majors
At a university or college in the United States, a student's major is the main subject that they are studying.

- English majors would be asked to explore the roots of language.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

4. major majors
At a university or college in the United States, if a student is, for example, a geology major , geology is the main subject they are studying.

- She was named the outstanding undergraduate history major at the University of Oklahoma.

N-COUNT: n N

5. major majors majoring majored
If a student at a university or college in the United States majors in a particular subject, that subject is the main one they study.

- He majored in finance at Claremont Men's College in California.

VB

6. major
In music, a major scale is one in which the third note is two tones higher than the first.

- ...Mozart's Symphony No 35 in D Major.

ADJ: n ADJ, ADJ n
≠ minor

major

adjective

1.

main

bigger

chief

greater

higher

leading

senior

supreme

2.

important

critical

crucial

great

notable

outstanding

serious

significant

majorette

[D.J.:ˌmeidʒəˈret]

[K.K.:ˌmedʒəˈrɛt]

n.

鼓手队长,军乐队队长或指挥

majorette

majorette majorettes
A majorette is one of a group of girls or young women who march at the front of a musical band in a procession.
N-COUNT

major general *

major general
In Britain, a major general is a senior officer in the army, one rank above a brigadier. In the United States, a major general is a senior officer in the army, air force, or marines, one rank above brigadier general.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC also major-general .

majority

[D.J.:məˈdʒɔriti]

[K.K.:məˈdʒɔrɪti, -ˈdʒɑr-]

n.

多数, 大多数; 半数以上

票数差距, 多得的票数, 超过的票数

法定年龄; 成年

majority ****

1. majority
If a group is in a majority or in the majority , they form more than half of a larger group.

- The majority of my patients come to me from out of town.

- The vast majority of our cheeses are made with pasteurised milk.

- As a fuel it is preferred by top chefs and is used in the majority of British homes.

- Still, a majority continue to support the treaty.

- Surveys indicate that supporters of the treaty are still in the majority.

PHR: v-link PHR

2. majority majorities
A majority is the difference between the number of votes or seats in parliament or legislature that the winner gets in an election, and the number of votes or seats that the next person or party gets.

- Members of parliament approved the move by a majority of ninety-nine.

- According to most opinion polls, he is set to win a clear majority in the elections on Sunday.

- The Trust's annual meeting has decided by a narrow majority to ban deer hunting.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. majority
Majority is used to describe opinions, decisions, and systems of government that are supported by more than half the people involved.

- ...her continuing disagreement with the majority view...

- A majority vote of 75% is required from shareholders for the plan to go ahead.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. majority
Majority is the state of legally being an adult. In Britain and most states in the United States, people reach their majority at the age of eighteen.

- The age of majority in Romania is eighteen.

- Once you reach your majority, you may do what you damned well please.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

majority

noun

1.

preponderance

best part

bulk

greater number

mass

most

2.

adulthood

manhood or womanhood

maturity

seniority

make for phrasal verbs *****

1. make for makes for; making for; made for
If you make for a place, you move towards it.

- He rose from his seat and made for the door.

PHR-V
= head for

2. make for makes for; making for; made for
If something makes for another thing, it causes or helps to cause that thing to happen or exist. (INFORMAL)

- A happy parent makes for a happy child.

PHR-V

make for

verb

head for

aim for

be bound for

head towards

make of *****

make of makes of; making of; made of
If you ask a person what they make of something, you want to know what their impression, opinion, or understanding of it is.

- Well, what did you make of her?.

- Nancy wasn't sure what to make of Mick's apology.

PHR-V

make off *****

make off makes off; making off; made off
If you make off , you leave somewhere as quickly as possible, often in order to escape.

- They broke free and made off in a stolen car.

PHR-V
= leave

make off with *****

make off makes off; making off; made off
If you make off with something, you steal it and take it away with you.

- Masked robbers broke in and made off with $8,000.

PHR-V

make off

verb

1.

flee

bolt

clear out informal

run away or off

take to one's heels

make off with

2.

steal

abduct

carry off

filch

kidnap

nick slang chiefly Brit.

pinch informal

run away or off with

make out *****

1. make out makes out; making out; made out
If you make something out , you manage with difficulty to see or hear it.

- I could just make out a tall, pale, shadowy figure tramping through the undergrowth.

- She thought she heard a name. She couldn't make it out, though.

- I heard the voices, but couldn't make out what they were saying.

PHR-V

2. make out makes out; making out; made out
If you try to make something out , you try to understand it or decide whether or not it is true.

- I couldn't make it out at all.

- It is hard to make out what criteria are used.

- At first I thought it was an accident, but as far as I can make out, the police consider that's unlikely.

PHR-V
= understand

3. make out makes out; making out; made out
If you make out that something is the case or make something out to be the case, you try to cause people to believe that it is the case.

- They were trying to make out that I'd actually done it.

- I don't think it was as glorious as everybody made it out to be.

- He's more business-minded than he makes himself out to be.

- He was never half as bad as his teachers made out.

PHR-V

4. make out makes out; making out; made out
If you make out a case for something, you try to establish or prove that it is the best thing to do.

- You could certainly make out a case for this point of view.

- Alice continued making out her case.

PHR-V

5. make out makes out; making out; made out
When you make out a cheque, receipt, or order form, you write all the necessary information on it.

- If you would like to send a donation, you can make a cheque out to Feed the Children.

- All cheques should be made out to `EF International Language Schools'.

- I'm going to make out a receipt for you.

PHR-V

6. make out makes out; making out; made out
If you ask how someone is making out , you are asking how well they are doing with a particular task, or in their life in general. (INFORMAL)

- Who is making out better right now?.

- Bob turned over to sleep again, wondering how Jupiter and Pete were making out.

PHR-V
= get on

7. make out makes out; making out; made out
If two people are making out , they are engaged in sexual activity. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- ...pictures of the couple making out in their underwear on the beach.

PHR-V-RECIP

make out

verb

1.

see

detect

discern

discover

distinguish

perceive

recognize

2.

understand

comprehend

decipher

fathom

follow

grasp

work out

3.

write out

complete

draw up

fill in or out

4.

pretend

assert

claim

let on

make as if or though

5.

fare

get on

manage

make over *****

make over makes over; making over; made over
If you make something over to someone, you legally transfer the ownership of it to them.

- Hampton Court was made over to Henry VIII as a present.

- John had made over to him most of the land.

- They moved on to a larger farm and in time made it over to Francis.

PHR-V

make up *****

1. make up makes up; making up; made up
The people or things that make up something are the members or parts that form that thing.

- North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country.

- Women officers make up 13 per cent of the police force.

- Insects are made up of tens of thousands of proteins.

PHR-V
= form

2. make up makes up; making up; made up
If you make up something such as a story or excuse, you invent it, sometimes in order to deceive people.

- I think it's very unkind of you to make up stories about him.

- I'm not making it up. The character exists in real life.

PHR-V

3. make up makes up; making up; made up
If you make yourself up or if someone else makes you up , make-up such as powder or lipstick is put on your face.

- She spent too much time making herself up.

- She chose Maggie to make her up for her engagement photographs.

- I can't be bothered to make up my face.

PHR-V

4. make up makes up; making up; made up
If you make up an amount, you add something to it so that it is as large as it should be.

- Less than half of the money that students receive is in the form of grants, and loans have made up the difference.

- The team had six professionals and made the number up with five amateurs.

- For every £100 you invest into a pension plan the Inland Revenue makes it up to £125.

PHR-V

5. make up makes up; making up; made up
If you make up time or hours, you work some extra hours because you have previously taken some time off work.

- They'll have to make up time lost during the strike.

PHR-V

6. make up makes up; making up; made up
If two people make up or make it up after a quarrel or disagreement, they become friends again.

- She came back and they made up.

- They never made up the quarrel.

- They should make up with their ex-enemy in the West.

- I'll make it up with him again.

PHR-V-RECIP

7. make up makes up; making up; made up
If you make up something such as food or medicine, you prepare it by mixing or putting different things together.

- Prepare the souffle dish before making up the souffle mixture.

PHR-V

8. make up makes up; making up; made up
If you make up a bed, you put sheets and blankets on it so that someone can sleep there.

- Her mother made up a bed in her old room.

PHR-V

make up for *****

make up makes up; making up; made up
To make up for a bad experience or the loss of something means to make the situation better or make the person involved happier.

- Ask for an extra compensation payment to make up for the stress you have been caused.

- A conservatory would make up for the fact that we were refused planning permission for a roof terrace.

- The semi-finalists had to play twice in the day to make up for time lost to bad weather.

PHR-V
= compensate

make up to *****

make up makes up; making up; made up
If you say that you will make it up to someone, you are promising that you will do something good for them after they have been upset or disappointed, especially by you.

- I'll make it up to you, I promise.

- I must make it up to him for the awful intrusion of last night.

PHR-V

make up

verb

1.

form

compose

comprise

constitute

2.

invent

coin

compose

concoct

construct

create

devise

dream up

formulate

frame

originate

3.

complete

fill

supply

4.

settle

bury the hatchet

call it quits

reconcile

make up for

5.

compensate for

atone for

balance

make amends for

offset

recompense

make-believe

[D.J.:ˈmeɪkbɪˌli:v]

[K.K.:ˈmekbɪˌliv]

n.

假装

假扮者

adj.

假装的

虚构的；虚幻的

make-believe

1. make-believe
If someone is living in a make-believe world, they are pretending that things are better, different, or more exciting than they really are instead of facing up to reality.

- The man lived in a make-believe world surrounded by bizarre props including a pilot's raincoat and a microlite aircraft that he had never flown.

- She squandered millions on a life of make-believe.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

2. make-believe
You use make-believe to refer to the activity involved when a child plays a game in which they pretend something, for example that they are someone else.

- She used to play games of make-believe with her elder sister.

- ...his make-believe playmate.

N-UNCOUNT

3. make-believe
You use make-believe to describe things, for example in a play or film, that imitate or copy something real, but which are not what they appear to be.

- In the video, Michael Jackson danced down a make-believe street protesting that `the kid is not my son'.

- The violence in those films was too unreal, it was make-believe.

- `But, why?' he asked in make-believe astonishment.

ADJ

make-believe

noun Informal

fantasy

imagination

play-acting

pretence

unreality

makeover

[ˈmeikˌəuvə]

n.

打扮; 装饰

makeover

1. makeover makeovers
If a person or room is given a makeover , their appearance is improved, usually by an expert.

- She received a cosmetic makeover at a beauty salon as a birthday gift.

N-COUNT

2. makeover makeovers
If an organization or system is given a makeover , important changes are made in order to improve it.

- The biggest makeover has been in TV drama.

N-COUNT

maker

[D.J.:ˈmeɪkə]

[K.K.:ˈmekɚ]

n.

制造者

制造商,制造厂

上帝

maker ****

1. maker makers
The maker of a product is the firm that manufactures it.

- ...Japan's two largest car makers.

- ...the makers of chocolates, sweets and biscuits.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= manufacturer

2. maker makers
You can refer to the person who makes something as its maker .

- ...the makers of news and current affairs programmes.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

maker

noun

manufacturer

builder

constructor

producer

makeshift

[D.J.:ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft]

[K.K.:ˈmekˌʃɪft]

n.

权宜之计, 临时代用的物品

makeshift *

makeshift
Makeshift things are temporary and usually of poor quality, but they are used because there is nothing better available.

- ...the cardboard boxes and makeshift shelters of the homeless.

- ...a makeshift coffee table.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

makeshift

adjective

temporary

expedient

provisional

stopgap

substitute

make-up

[D.J.:ˈmeɪkˌʌp]

[K.K.:ˈmekˌʌp]

n.

化妆(品),化妆用品

组成,性格

编排方式;排版;版面

make-up ***

1. make-up
Make-up consists of things such as lipstick, eye shadow, and powder which some women put on their faces to make themselves look more attractive or which actors use to change or improve their appearance.

- Normally she wore little make-up, but this evening was clearly an exception.

- She checked her makeup one last time, and then walked out with a spring in her step.

N-UNCOUNT also makeup .

2. make-up
Someone's make-up is their nature and the various qualities in their character.

- There was some fatal flaw in his makeup, and as time went on he lapsed into long silences or became off-hand.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, usu poss N also makeup .
= personality

3. make-up
The make-up of something consists of its different parts and the way these parts are arranged.

- The ideological make-up of the unions is now radically different from what it had been.

- ...the chemical make-up of the oceans and atmosphere.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp also makeup .

make-up

noun

1.

cosmetics

face informal

greasepaint Theatre

paint informal

powder

2.

structure

arrangement

assembly

composition

configuration

constitution

construction

format

organization

3.

nature

character

constitution

disposition

temperament

makeweight

[D.J.:ˈmeikweit]

[K.K.:ˈmekˌwet]

n.

充数的人[物]

makeweight

makeweight makeweights
If you describe someone or something as a makeweight , you think that they are not good or valuable and that they have been included in an activity in order to fill up a gap.

- He has not been signed to the club as a makeweight to fill out the numbers.

N-COUNT disapproval

mal-

[mæl]

pref.

表示“坏,错误”之义

mal-

mal-
Mal- is added to words in order to form new words which describe things that are bad or unpleasant, or that are unsuccessful or imperfect.

- Forty per cent of the population is suffering from malnutrition.

- The animals were seriously maltreated.

PREFIX

maladjusted

[D.J.:ˈmæləˈdʒʌstid]

[K.K.:ˌmæləˈdʒustɪd]

adj.

失调的,不适应环境的

maladjusted

maladjusted
If you describe a child as maladjusted , you mean that they have psychological problems and behave in a way which is not acceptable to society.

- ...a school for maladjusted children.

ADJ-GRADED

maladjusted

adjective

disturbed

alienated

neurotic

unstable

maladministration

[mælədminisˈtreiʃ(ə)n]

n.

暴政,乱政

maladministration

maladministration
Maladministration is the act or process of running a system or organization incorrectly. (FORMAL)

- ...a request to investigate a claim about maladministration.

N-UNCOUNT

maladministration

noun

mismanagement

corruption

dishonesty

incompetence

inefficiency

malpractice

misrule

maladroit

[D.J.:ˌmæləˈdrɔɪt]

[K.K.:ˌmæləˈdrɔɪt]

adj.

不机敏的,笨拙的

maladroit

maladroit
If you describe someone as maladroit , you mean that they are clumsy or handle situations badly. (FORMAL)

- Some of his first interviews with the press were rather maladroit.

ADJ-GRADED

maladroit

adjective

clumsy

awkward

cack-handed informal

ham-fisted or ham-handed informal

inept

inexpert

unskilful

malady

[D.J.:ˈmælədi:]

[K.K.:ˈmælədi]

n.

(制度或机构的)弊病, 弊端

疾病

malady

1. malady maladies
A malady is an illness or disease. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He was stricken at twenty-one with a crippling malady.

N-COUNT
= illness

2. malady maladies
In written English, people sometimes use maladies to refer to serious problems in a society or situation.

- When apartheid is over the maladies will linger on.

- ...the maladies of love.

N-COUNT
= ill

malady

noun

disease

affliction

ailment

complaint

disorder

illness

infirmity

sickness

malaise

[D.J.:mæˈleɪz, -ˈlez]

[K.K.:mæˈlez, -ˈlɛz]

n.

不适,不舒服

萎靡不振,隐忧 ;潜在的不满意识

malaise *

1. malaise
Malaise is a state in which there is something wrong with a society or group, for which there does not seem to be a quick or easy solution. (FORMAL)

- There is no easy short-term solution to Britain's chronic economic malaise.

- Unification has brought soaring unemployment and social malaise.

N-UNCOUNT

2. malaise
Malaise is a state in which people feel dissatisfied or unhappy but feel unable to change, usually because they do not know what is wrong. (FORMAL)

- He complained of depression, headaches and malaise.

N-UNCOUNT

malaise

noun

unease

anxiety

depression

disquiet

melancholy

malaria

[D.J.:məˈlɛəriə]

[K.K.:məˈlɛriə]

n.

〈医〉疟疾

malaria *

malaria
Malaria is a serious disease carried by mosquitoes which causes periods of fever.
N-UNCOUNT

malarial

[məˈlɛəriəl]

adj.

患疟疾的,毒气的

malarial

malarial
You can use malarial to refer to things connected with malaria or areas which are affected by malaria.

- ...malarial parasites.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

Malay

[məˈlei]

adj.

马来西亚的

n.

马来人,马来语

Malay *

1. Malay
Malay means belonging or relating to the people, language, or culture of the largest racial group in Malaysia.

- ...the Malay community.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Malay Malays
A Malay is a member of the largest racial group in Malaysia.

- ...the three main racial groups in Malaysia -- the Malays, the Indians and the Chinese.

N-COUNT

3. Malay
Malay is a language that is spoken in Malaysia and in parts of Indonesia.
N-UNCOUNT

Malaysian

[məˈleiziən]

n.,adj.

马来西亚(的)

Malaysian ***

1. Malaysian
Something that is Malaysian belongs or relates to Malaysia or to its people.

- ...the Malaysian coast.

- ...a Malaysian student.

ADJ

2. Malaysian Malaysians
Malaysians are people who are Malaysian.

- I've got two Malaysians coming to see me at eleven thirty.

N-COUNT

malcontent

[D.J.:ˈmælkənˌtent]

[K.K.:ˈmælkənˌtɛnt]

n.

不满者

adj.

不满的

malcontent

malcontent malcontents
You can describe people as malcontents when you disapprove of the fact that they are dissatisfied with a situation and want it to change. (FORMAL)

- Five years ago a band of malcontents, mainly half-educated radicals, seized power.

N-COUNT: usu pl disapproval

malcontent

noun

troublemaker

agitator

mischief-maker

rebel

stirrer informal

male

[D.J.:meil]

[K.K.:ˈmɑli]

adj.

男性的, 雄的

凸形的

n.

男人; 雄性动物; 雄性植物

male ****

1. male
Someone who is male is a man or a boy.

- Many women achievers appear to pose a threat to their male colleagues.

- The London City Ballet has engaged two male dancers from the Bolshoi.

- Most of the demonstrators were white and male.

ADJ
≠ female

2. maleness

- ...the small part of the Y chromosome which is responsible for maleness.

- ...the solidarity among men which is part of maleness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. male males
Men and boys are sometimes referred to as males when they are being considered as a type.

- ...the remains of a Caucasian male, aged 65-70...

- He was very anxious to prove he was a red-blooded male.

- A high proportion of crime is perpetrated by young males in their teens and twenties.

N-COUNT
= man ≠ female

4. male
Male means relating, belonging, or affecting men rather than women.

- The rate of male unemployment in Britain is now the third worst in Europe.

- ...male violence.

- ...a deep male voice.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ female

5. male males
You can refer to any creature that belongs to the sex that cannot lay eggs or have babies as a male .

- Males and females take turns brooding the eggs.

N-COUNT
≠ female

6. male
Also an adjective.

- After mating the male wasps tunnel through the sides of their nursery.

ADJ
≠ female

7. male
A male flower or plant fertilizes the part that will become the fruit.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

male

adjective

masculine

manly

virile

male chauvinism

male chauvinism
If you accuse a man of male chauvinism , you disapprove of him because his beliefs and behaviour show that he thinks men are naturally superior to women.
N-UNCOUNT disapproval

male chauvinist

1. male chauvinist
If you describe an attitude or remark as male chauvinist , you are critical of it because you think it is based on the belief that men are naturally superior to women.

- The male chauvinist attitude of some people in the company could get you down.

- ...the male chauvinist pig who wants women in the home and in their place.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

2. male chauvinist male chauvinists
A male chauvinist is a man who has male chauvinist views.

- I'm not a male chauvinist.

N-COUNT

male-dominated *

male-dominated
A male-dominated society, organization, or area of activity is one in which men have most of the power and influence.

- ...the male-dominated world of journalism.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

malefactor

[D.J.:ˈmælifæktə]

[K.K.:ˈmæləˌfæktɚ]

n.

犯罪分子

malefactor

malefactor malefactors
A malefactor is someone who has done something bad or illegal. (FORMAL)

- ...a well-known criminal lawyer who had saved many a malefactor from going to jail.

N-COUNT
= wrongdoer

malefactor

noun

wrongdoer

criminal

delinquent

evildoer

miscreant

offender

villain

malevolence

[D.J.:məˈlevələns]

[K.K.:məˈlɛvələns]

n.

恶意,狠毒

malevolent

[D.J.:məˈlevələnt]

[K.K.:məˈlɛvələnt]

adj.

有恶意的;恶毒的

malevolent *

1. malevolent
A malevolent person deliberately tries to cause harm or evil. (FORMAL)

- Her stare was malevolent, her mouth a thin line, her eyes bright and glittering.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ benevolent

2. malevolence

- ...a rare streak of malevolence.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ benevolence

3. malevolently

- Mark watched him malevolently.

ADV-GRADED

malevolence

noun

malice

hate

hatred

ill will

rancour

spite

vindictiveness

malevolent

adjective

spiteful

hostile

ill-natured

malicious

malign

vengeful

vindictive

malformation

[ˌmælfɔ:ˈmeiʃən]

n.

难看,畸形

malformation

malformation malformations
A malformation in a person's body is a part which does not have the proper shape or form, especially when it has been like this since birth. (WRITTEN)

- ...babies with a high incidence of congenital malformations.

N-COUNT
= deformity

malformation

noun

deformity

distortion

misshapenness

malformed

[ˈmælˈfɔ:md]

adj.

难看的,畸形的

malformed

malformed
If people or parts of their body are malformed , they do not have the shape or form that they are supposed to, especially when they have been like this since birth. (FORMAL)

- The deficiency can cause still births, premature births, and malformed babies.

- More rarely, the tubes have been malformed from birth.

ADJ-GRADED
= deformed

malformed

adjective

misshapen

abnormal

crooked

deformed

distorted

irregular

twisted

malfunction

[D.J.:mælˈfʌŋkʃən]

[K.K.:mælˈfʌŋkʃən]

n.

故障, 障碍

malfunction *

1. malfunction malfunctions malfunctioning malfunctioned
If a machine or part of the body malfunctions , it fails to work properly. (FORMAL)

- The radiation can damage microprocessors and computer memories, causing them to malfunction.

- Early physicians removed the malfunctioning organs.

VB

2. malfunction malfunctions
Also a noun.

- There must have been a computer malfunction.

N-COUNT

malfunction

verb

1.

break down

fail

go wrong

noun

2.

fault

breakdown

defect

failure

flaw

glitch

malice

[D.J.:ˈmælis]

[K.K.:ˈmælɪs]

n.

恶意, 蓄意害人

malice *

malice
Malice is behaviour that is intended to harm people or their reputations, or cause them embarrassment and upset.

- There was a strong current of malice in many of his portraits.

- There was no malice on his part.

N-UNCOUNT

malice

noun

ill will

animosity

enmity

evil intent

hate

hatred

malevolence

spite

vindictiveness

malicious

[D.J.:məˈlɪʃəs]

[K.K.:məˈlɪʃəs]

adj.

恶意的, 恶毒的

maliciously

adv.

有敌意地

malicious *

1. malicious
If you describe someone's words or actions as malicious , you mean that they are intended to harm people or their reputation, or cause them embarrassment and upset.

- That might merely have been malicious gossip.

- She described the charges as malicious.

ADJ-GRADED

2. maliciously

- `Oh, I stopped in at the club for a drink,' she said maliciously.

- ...his maliciously accurate imitation of Hubert de Burgh.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

malicious

adjective

spiteful

ill-disposed

ill-natured

malevolent

rancorous

resentful

vengeful

malign

[D.J.:məˈlaɪn]

[K.K.:məˈlaɪn]

vt.

诽谤, 中伤

adj.

有害的;邪恶的

malign *

1. malign maligns maligning maligned
If you malign someone, you say unpleasant and untrue things about them. (FORMAL)

- We maligned him dreadfully when you come to think of it. We assumed the very worst about him.

- Either the managers have been maligned or they are not telling the truth.

VB
= slander

2. malign
If something is malign , it causes harm. (FORMAL)

- ...the malign influence jealousy had on their lives...

- Reliance on sponsorship can have a malign effect on theatre groups.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= harmful ≠ benign

malign

verb

1.

disparage

abuse

defame

denigrate

libel

run down

slander

smear

vilify

adjective

2.

evil

bad

destructive

harmful

hostile

injurious

malevolent

malignant

pernicious

wicked

malignancy

[məˈliɡnənsi]

n.

恶意

malignancy

malignancy malignancies
A tumour or disease in a state of malignancy is out of control and is likely to cause death. (MEDICAL)

- Tissue that is removed during the operation is checked for signs of malignancy.

- ...cancerous malignancies of the skin.

N-VAR

malignant

[D.J.:məˈliɡnənt]

[K.K.:məˈlɪɡnənt]

adj.

恶毒的, 极想伤害他人的

(疾病)恶性的; 极危险的; 致命的

malignant *

1. malignant
A malignant tumour or disease is out of control and likely to cause death. (MEDICAL)

- She developed a malignant breast tumour.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ benign

2. malignant
If you say that someone is malignant , you think they are cruel and like to cause harm.

- He said that we were evil, malignant and mean.

- ...a community over-run by a malignant minority indulging in crime and violence.

ADJ-GRADED
= evil

malignant

adjective

1.

harmful

destructive

hostile

hurtful

malevolent

malign

pernicious

spiteful

2.

uncontrollable

cancerous

dangerous

deadly

fatal

irremediable

malinger

[D.J.:məˈlɪŋgə]

[K.K.:məˈlɪŋɡɚ]

vi.

(尤指为逃避工作)诈病,装病

malingering

诈病

malinger

malinger malingers malingering malingered
If someone is malingering , they pretend to be ill in order to avoid working.

- She was told by her doctor that she was malingering.

VB: usu cont disapproval

mall

[D.J.:mɔ:l]

[K.K.:mɔl, mæl]

n.

购物中心, 商场

mall *

mall malls
A mall is a very large enclosed shopping area.
N-COUNT

mallard

[ˈmæləd]

n.

野鸭,野鸭肉

mallard

mallard mallards
A mallard is a kind of wild duck which is very common.
N-COUNT

malleability

[ˌmæliəˈbiliti]

n.

有延展性,柔韧性,柔顺

malleable

[D.J.:ˈmæli:əbəl]

[K.K.:ˈmæliəbəl]

adj.

可锻造的,有延展性的

韧性的

malleability

n.

malleable

1. malleable
If you say that someone is malleable , you mean that they are easily influenced or controlled by other people. (WRITTEN)

- The malleable mayor of New York was under his control.

- She was young enough to be malleable.

ADJ-GRADED

2. malleable
A substance that is malleable is soft and can easily be made into different shapes.

- Silver is the most malleable of all metals.

- ...using clay, plasticine or another malleable material.

ADJ-GRADED
= supple ≠ rigid

malleable

adjective Medical

1.

workable

ductile

plastic

soft

tensile

2.

manageable

adaptable

biddable

compliant

impressionable

pliable

tractable

mallet

[D.J.:ˈmælɪt]

[K.K.:ˈmælɪt]

n.

木槌

长柄球棍

mallet

mallet mallets
A mallet is a wooden hammer with a square head.
N-COUNT

malnourished

[D.J.:mælˈnʌriʃt]

[K.K.:mælˈnɚrɪʃt, -ˈnʌr-]

adj.

营养失调的,营养不良的

malnourished

malnourished
If someone is malnourished , they are physically weak because they do not eat enough food or do not eat the right kind of food.

- About thirty per-cent of the country's children were malnourished.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= undernourished underfed

malnutrition

[D.J.:ˈmælnjuˈtriʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmælnuˈtrɪʃən, -nju-]

n.

营养不良

malnutrition *

malnutrition
If someone is suffering from malnutrition , they are physically weak and extremely thin because they have not eaten enough food.

- Infections are more likely in those suffering from malnutrition.

N-UNCOUNT

malodorous

[D.J.:mælˈəʊdərəs]

[K.K.:mælˈodərəs]

adj.

难闻的,恶臭的

malodorous

malodorous
Something that is malodorous has an unpleasant smell. (LITERARY)

- ...tons of malodorous garbage bags.

- ...living in a malodorous London street.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

malodorous

adjective

smelly

fetid

mephitic

nauseating

noisome

offensive

putrid

reeking

stinking

malpractice

[D.J.:mælˈpræktɪs]

[K.K.:mælˈpræktɪs]

n.

<律>玩忽职守, 渎职, 不法行为

malpractice *

malpractice malpractices
If you accuse someone of malpractice , you are accusing them of breaking the law or the rules of their profession in order to gain some advantage for themselves. (FORMAL)

- There were only one or two serious allegations of malpractice.

- ...alleged financial malpractices.

- ...medical malpractice suits.

N-VAR: oft N n

malpractice

noun

misconduct

abuse

dereliction

mismanagement

negligence

malt

[D.J.:mɔ:lt]

[K.K.:mɔlt]

n.

麦芽

vt.

使成麦芽,制麦芽

malt dust

麦芽糖

malt *

1. malt
Malt is a substance made from grain that has been soaked in water and then dried in a hot oven. Malt is used in the production of whisky, beer, and other alcoholic drinks.

- German beer has traditionally been made from just four ingredients -- hops, malt, yeast and water.

N-UNCOUNT

2. malt malts
Malt is the same as malt whisky .
N-MASS

3. malt malts
A malt is a drink made from malted milk and sometimes other flavourings. (AM)
N-COUNT

malted

malted
Malted barley has been soaked in water and then dried in a hot oven. It is used in the production of whisky, beer, and other alcoholic drinks.
ADJ: ADJ n

malted milk

malted milk
Malted milk is a drink made from hot or cold milk flavoured with a powder containing malt.
N-UNCOUNT

Maltese

[ˈmɔ:lˈti:z]

n.,adj.

马耳他人(的)

Maltese ***

1. Maltese
Maltese means belonging or relating to Malta, or to its people, language, or culture.

- ...the Maltese writer Francis Ebejer.

ADJ: usu ADJ n Maltese is both the singular and the plural form

2. Maltese
A Maltese is a Maltese citizen, or a person of Maltese origin.
N-COUNT Maltese is both the singular and the plural form

3. Maltese
Maltese is a language spoken by people who live in Malta.
N-UNCOUNT Maltese is both the singular and the plural form

maltreat

[D.J.:mælˈtri:t]

[K.K.:mælˈtrit]

vt.

虐待

maltreatment

n.

maltreatment

n.

虐待,粗暴对待

maltreat

maltreat maltreats maltreating maltreated
If a person or animal is maltreated , they are treated badly, especially by being hurt.

- He said that he was not tortured or maltreated during his detention.

- Only when the animals were seriously maltreated was any inspection or prosecution called for.

VB: usu passive
= mistreat

maltreat

verb

abuse

bully

harm

hurt

ill-treat

injure

mistreat

maltreatment

maltreatment
Maltreatment is cruel behaviour, especially involving hurting a person or animal.

- 2,000 prisoners died as a result of torture and maltreatment.

- ...the sexual maltreatment of women and children.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= mistreatment

malt whisky

1. malt whisky malt whiskies
Malt whisky or malt is whisky that is made from malt.

- ...a miniature bottle of malt whisky...

- I got a bottle of my best malt out of the sideboard.

N-MASS

2. malt whisky malt whiskies
A malt whisky is a glass of malt whisky.
N-COUNT

mam

[mæm]

n.

妈妈

mam *

mam mams
Mam is used to mean mother. (BRIT, DIALECT)

- You sit here and rest, Mam.

N-FAMILY
= mum

mama

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:mə]

[K.K.:ˈmɑmə]

n.

妈妈

a mummy’s/mother’s boy

软弱的男孩(或男人)

mama *

mama mamas
Mama means the same as mother . (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-FAMILY

mamma

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:mə]

[K.K.:ˈmɑmə]

n.

<口>妈妈(尤儿语)

(雌性哺乳动物的)乳房

(雄性哺乳动物的)乳房残迹

mamma

mamma mammas
Mamma means the same as mother . (AM, INFORMAL)
N-FAMILY also mama
= mommy

mammal

[D.J.:ˈmæməl]

[K.K.:ˈmæməl]

n.

哺乳动物

mammals

哺乳动物

mammal *

mammal mammals
Mammals are animals such as humans, dogs, lions, and whales. In general, female mammals give birth to babies rather than laying eggs, and feed their young with milk.
N-COUNT

mammalian

[D.J.:mæˈmeɪljən]

[K.K.:mæˈmeljən]

n.

哺乳动物

adj.

哺乳动物的

mammalian

mammalian
In zoology, mammalian means relating to mammals. (TECHNICAL)

- The disease can spread from one mammalian species to another.

ADJ: ADJ n

mammary

[ˈmæməri]

adj.

乳房的,乳腺的

mammary

mammary
Mammary means relating to the breasts. (TECHNICAL)

- This stimulates the mammary glands after childbirth to produce milk.

ADJ: ADJ n

mammogram

[D.J.:ˈmæməˌɡræm]

[K.K.:ˈmæməˌɡræm]

n.

乳房X线照片

mammogram

mammogram mammograms
A mammogram is a test used to check whether women have breast cancer, using x-rays.
N-COUNT

Mammon

n.

财神,钱财，物质财富

Mammon

Mammon
You can use Mammon to refer to money and business activities if you want to show your disapproval of people who think that becoming rich is the most important thing in life.

- It is not every day that one meets a business-person who is not obsessed with Mammon.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

mammoth

[D.J.:ˈmæməθ]

[K.K.:ˈmæməθ]

adj.

巨大的

mammoth *

1. mammoth
You can use mammoth to emphasize that a task or change is very large and needs a lot of effort to achieve.

- ...the mammoth task of relocating the library...

- You can only undertake mammoth changes if the finances are there.

- This mammoth undertaking was completed in 18 months.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis
= enormous

2. mammoth mammoths
A mammoth was an animal like an elephant, with very long tusks and long hair, that lived a long time ago but no longer exists.
N-COUNT

mammoth

adjective

colossal

enormous

giant

gigantic

huge

immense

massive

monumental

mountainous

prodigious

mammy

[D.J.:ˈmæmi:]

[K.K.:ˈmæmi]

n.

<非正> ①<英>妈妈(用于英国部分地区)

<美>妈妈

mammy

mammy mammies
In some dialects of English, mammy is used to mean mother. (INFORMAL)
N-FAMILY

man

[D.J.:mæn]

[K.K.:mæn]

n.

男人, 成年男子

人

人类

vt.

给…配备人员; 操纵

使振作

manned

[D.J.:mænd]

[K.K.:mænd]

adj.

(指机器)有人控制的

manning

[ˈmæniŋ]

n.

(工厂等的)人员配备;(列车、轮船或飞机等的)全体乘务员(或工作人员)

men

[D.J.:men]

[K.K.:mɛn]

(man的复数)

sort out/separate the men from the boys

区分有魄力(或能干、勇敢等)的人

be all things to all men

见风使舵；八面玲珑；面面俱到

man *****

1. man men
A man is an adult male human being.

- He had not expected the young man to reappear before evening.

- I have always regarded him as a man of integrity.

- ...the thousands of men, women and children who are facing starvation.

N-COUNT

2. man men
Man and men are sometimes used to refer to all human beings, including both males and females. Some people dislike this use.

- The chick initially has no fear of man.

- Anxiety is modern man's natural state.

- ...a possible first step to sending a man back to the moon or to Mars.

N-VAR

3. man men
If you say that a man is, for example, a gambling man or an outdoors man , you mean that he likes gambling or outdoor activities.

- Are you a gambling man, Mr Graham?.

- He is a keen outdoors man with a great interest in photography and walking.

N-COUNT: supp N

4. man men
If you say that a man is, for example, a London man or an Oxford man , you mean that he comes from London or Oxford, or went to university there.

- ...as the Stockport man collected his winnings...

- Attlee was an Oxford man.

N-COUNT: n-proper N

5. man men
If you refer to a particular company's or organization's man , you mean a man who works for or represents that company or organization. (JOURNALISM)

- ...the Daily Telegraph's man in Abu Dhabi.

- ...America's man at the United Nations.

N-COUNT: poss N

6. man men
If you say that a man is someone's man , you mean that he always supports that person or does what they want.

- At the time he was said to be very much Rajiv Gandhi's man.

N-COUNT: poss N

7. man
Some people refer to a woman's husband, lover, or boyfriend as her man . (INFORMAL)

- ...if they see your man cuddle you in the kitchen or living room.

N-SING: poss N

8. man men
In the armed forces, the men are soldiers, sailors, marines, or airmen of lower rank, as opposed to the officers.

- 150 officers and men had to be taken straight to hospital.

- ...a drill sergeant who would work with the men at least one hour every morning.

N-PLURAL

9. man men
Male workers are sometimes referred to as men , especially if they do physical work or work for a more senior person.

- The men voted by a four-to-one majority to accept the pay offer.

- After the talks, the leader of the Workers' Council said his men would be going back down the mines.

N-PLURAL: oft poss N

10. man men
One man sometimes addresses another as ` man ' when he is angry or impatient with him. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- I told you, man! It'll be sometime after eight o'clock.

N-VOC feelings

11. man men
In very informal social situations, man is sometimes used as a greeting or form of address to a man.

- Hey wow, man! Where d'you get those boots?

N-VOC formulae

12. man mans manning manned
If you man something such as a place or machine, you operate it or are in charge of it.

- French soldiers manned roadblocks in the capital city.

- ...the person manning the phone at the complaints department...

- The station is seldom manned in the evening.

VB

13. man
If you say that a man is man enough to do something, you mean that he has the necessary courage or ability to do it.

- I told him that he should be man enough to admit he had done wrong.

- You can search me if you think you're man enough.

PHR: v-link PHR

14. man
If you describe a man as a man's man , you mean that he has qualities which make him popular with other men rather than with women.
PHR: v-link PHR

15. man
People sometimes address a man as my man . (AM, INFORMAL)

- `Get the guy in the purple shirt.' --- `All right, my man.'

CONVENTION

16. man
people sometimes address a man as my man , my dear man , or my good man . This form of address is often friendly, but can also suggest that the speaker feels superior to the person being addressed. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- My dear man, you are welcome to stay.

- It's not for you to say so, my man!

CONVENTION feelings

17. man
If you say that a man is his own man , you approve of the fact that he makes his decisions and his plans himself, and does not depend on other people.

- Be your own man. Make up your own mind.

- He'll be his own man and won't be dictated to.

PHR: V inflects approval

18. man
If you say that a group of men are, do, or think something to a man , you are emphasizing that every one of them is, does, or thinks that thing.

- To a man, the surveyors blamed the government.

- They died, to a man, when they tried to break out.

- Economists, almost to a man, were sceptical.

PHR: PHR with v emphasis

19. man
A man-to-man conversation or meeting takes place between two men, especially two men who meet to discuss a serious personal matter.

- He called me to his office for a man-to-man talk.

- Me and Ben should sort this out man to man.

PHR: PHR n, PHR after v

manned

manned
A manned vehicle such as a spacecraft has people in it who are operating its controls.

- In thirty years from now the United States should have a manned spacecraft on Mars.

- ...the history of manned flight.

- ...manned exploration of the solar system.

ADJ
≠ unmanned

See also man .

men

men
Men is the plural of man .

man

noun

1.

male

bloke Brit. informal

chap informal

gentleman

guy informal

2.

human

human being

individual

person

soul

3.

mankind

Homo sapiens

humanity

humankind

human race

people

4.

manservant

attendant

retainer

servant

valet

verb

5.

staff

crew

garrison

occupy

people

-man

-man
-man combines with numbers to make adjectives which indicate that something involves or is intended for that number of people.

- The four-man crew on board the fishing trawler.

- He set up a three-man panel to advise him.

- ...a two-man tent.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n
= -person

manacle

[D.J.:ˈmænəkəl]

[K.K.:ˈmænəkəl]

n.

手铐

vt.

给…带上手铐

manacle

1. manacle manacles
Manacles are metal devices attached to a prisoner's wrists or legs in order to prevent him or her from moving or escaping.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. manacle manacles manacling manacled
If a prisoner is manacled , their wrists or legs are put in manacles in order to prevent them from moving or escaping.

- His hands were manacled behind his back.

- He was manacled by the police.

VB: usu passive

manacle

noun

1.

handcuff

bond

chain

fetter

iron

shackle

verb

2.

handcuff

bind

chain

fetter

put in chains

shackle

manage

[D.J.:ˈmænidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈmænɪdʒ]

vt.

经营, 管理; 控制, 操纵

使用; 吃

vt. & vi.

办理; 设法对付

managing

[ˈmænidʒiŋ]

adj.

管理的,节约的

manage ****

1. manage manages managing managed
If you manage an organization, business, or system, or the people who work in it, you are responsible for controlling them.

- Within two years he was managing the store.

- Most factories in the area are obsolete and badly managed.

- There is a lack of confidence in the government's ability to manage the economy.

- Professors are notoriously difficult to manage.

VB
= run

2. manage manages managing managed
If you manage time, money, or other resources, you deal with them carefully and do not waste them.

- In a busy world, managing your time is increasingly important.

- Josh expects me to manage all the household expenses on very little.

VB

3. manage manages managing managed
If you manage to do something, especially something difficult, you succeed in doing it.

- Somehow, he'd managed to persuade Kay to buy one for him.

- I managed to pull myself up onto a wet, sloping ledge.

- Over the past 12 months the company has managed a 10 per cent improvement.

VB

4. manage manages managing managed
If you manage , you succeed in coping with a difficult situation.

- She had managed perfectly well without medication for three years.

- I am managing, but I could not possibly give up work.

- How did your mother manage when your father left?

VB
= cope

5. manage manages managing managed
If you say that you can manage an amount of time or money for something, you mean that you can afford to spend that time or money on it.

- This makes it ideal for those who can only manage a few hours in the morning or evening.

- `All right, I can manage a fiver,' McMinn said with reluctance.

VB
= spare

6. manage manages managing managed
If you say that someone managed a particular response, such as a laugh or a greeting, you mean that it was difficult for them to do it because they were feeling sad or upset.

- He looked dazed as he spoke to reporters, managing only a weak smile.

- He managed a few sentences about his visit to the prison.

- Now is the time to forge ahead with all the enthusiasm and optimism that you can manage.

VB

7. manage
You say ` I can manage ' or ` I'll manage ' as a way of refusing someone's offer of help and insisting on doing something by yourself.

- I know you mean well, but I can manage by myself.

- `I'll do it, Eleanor,' Angus said, quickly jumping up. But this time she only shook her head. `I'll manage,' she said firmly.

CONVENTION

manage

verb

1.

administer

be in charge (of)

command

conduct

direct

handle

run

supervise

2.

succeed

accomplish

arrange

contrive

effect

engineer

3.

handle

control

manipulate

operate

use

4.

cope

carry on

get by informal

make do

muddle through

survive

manageable

[D.J.:ˈmænɪdʒəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈmænɪdʒəbəl]

adj.

易处理的;可做到的

manageable *

manageable
Something that is manageable is of a size, quantity, or level of difficulty that people are able to deal with.

- He will now try to cut down the task to a manageable size.

- The present flow of refugees was manageable.

- Keep your spending on luxuries down to manageable proportions.

ADJ-GRADED

manageable

adjective

docile

amenable

compliant

easy

submissive

management

[D.J.:ˈmænidʒmənt]

[K.K.:ˈmænɪdʒmənt]

n.

(企业等的)管理, 经营

管理人员, 管理部门; 资方

与人交往的技巧, 手腕

management ****

1. management
Management is the control and organizing of a business or other organization.

- The zoo needed better management rather than more money.

- The dispute is about wages, working conditions and the management of the mining industry.

- ...the responsibility for its day to day management.

- ...having just completed a management studies course.

N-UNCOUNT

2. management managements
You can refer to the people who control and organize a business or other organization as the management .

- The management is doing its best to improve the situation.

- We need to get more women into top management.

- A change of management would help.

N-VAR-COLL

3. management
Management is the way people control different parts of their lives.

- ...her management of her professional life.

- ...intelligent money management, for example paying big bills monthly where possible.

- ...the secret of time management.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

management

noun

1.

directors

administration

board

employers

executive(s)

2.

administration

command

control

direction

handling

operation

running

supervision

manager

[D.J.:ˈmænidʒə]

[K.K.:ˈmænɪdʒɚ]

n.

经理, 管理人

以某种方式管理人、家庭、钱财等的人

manager ****

1. manager managers
A manager is a person who is responsible for running part of or the whole of a business organization.

- The chef, staff and managers are all Chinese.

- ...Linda Emery, marketing manager for Wall's sausages.

- ...a retired bank manager.

N-COUNT

2. manager managers
The manager of a pop star or other entertainer is the person who looks after their business interests.
N-COUNT

3. manager managers
The manager of a sports team is the person responsible for training the players and organizing the way they play. In American English, manager is only used for baseball; in other sports, coach is used instead.
N-COUNT

manager

noun

supervisor

administrator

boss informal

director

executive

governor

head

organizer

manageress

[ˈmænidʒəres]

n.

女经理,女管理人

manageress

manageress manageresses
The manageress of a shop, restaurant, or other small business is the woman who is responsible for running it. Some women object to this word and prefer to be called a `manager'.

- ...the manageress of a betting shop.

- ...a widowed restaurant manageress.

N-COUNT

managerial

[D.J.:ˌmænɪˈdʒɪəri:əl]

[K.K.:ˌmænɪˈdʒɪriəl]

adj.

经理的;管理上的

managerial *

managerial
Managerial means relating to the work of a manager.

- ...his managerial skills.

- ...a managerial career...

- Some see themselves as the provider of ideas, while others view their role as essentially managerial.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

managing director **

managing director managing directors
The managing director of a company is the most important working director, and is in charge of the way the company is managed. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use chief executive officer )
N-COUNT

mandarin

[ˈmændərin]

n.

(中国的)官话(普通话的旧称)

(旧时)中国政府的高级官员

mandarin *

1. mandarin mandarins
Journalists sometimes use mandarin to refer to someone who has an important job in the Civil Service. (BRIT)

- ...Foreign Office mandarins.

- ...the latest evidence of the mandarins' power over their ministers.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

2. mandarin
Mandarin is the official language of China.
N-UNCOUNT

3. mandarin mandarins
A mandarin or a mandarin orange is a small orange whose skin comes off easily.
N-COUNT

4. mandarin mandarins
A mandarin was, in former times, an important government official in China.
N-COUNT

mandate

[D.J.:ˈmænˌdeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈmænˌdet]

n.

(选民对选出的代表、议会等的)授权

(上级官员对下级官员下达的)正式命令

vt.

将(某地)委托某国管理

授权(某人)根据委托统治权(做某事)

mandated

adj.

委托统治的

mandate **

1. mandate mandates
If a government or other elected body has a mandate to carry out a particular policy or task, they have the authority to carry it out as a result of winning an election or vote.

- The President and his supporters are almost certain to read this vote as a mandate for continued economic reform.

- The union already has a mandate from its conference to ballot for a strike .

N-COUNT: oft N for n, N to-inf

2. mandate mandates
If someone is given a mandate to carry out a particular policy or task, they are given the official authority to do it.

- How much longer does the independent prosecutor have a mandate to pursue this investigation?.

- A mandate from the UN would be needed before any plans could be implemented.

N-COUNT: oft N to-inf

3. mandate mandates
You can refer to the fixed length of time that a country's leader or government remains in office as their mandate . (FORMAL)

- ...his intention to leave politics once his mandate ends.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

4. mandate mandates mandating mandated
When someone is mandated to carry out a particular policy or task, they are given the official authority to do it. (FORMAL)

- He'd been mandated by the West African Economic Community to go in and to enforce a ceasefire.

- The elections are mandated by a peace accord signed by the government last May.

VB: usu passive

5. mandate mandates mandating mandated
To mandate something means to make it mandatory. (AM)

- The proposed initiative would mandate a reduction of carbon dioxide of 40%.

- Sixteen years ago, Quebec mandated that all immigrants send their children to French schools.

- ...constitutionally mandated civil rights.

VB

mandate

noun

command

commission

decree

directive

edict

instruction

order

mandatory

[D.J.:ˈmændəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:]

[K.K.:ˈmændəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

命令的;强制的;义务的

mandatory *

1. mandatory
If an action or procedure is mandatory , people have to do it, because it is a rule or a law. (FORMAL)

- ...the mandatory retirement age of 65...

- Attendance is mandatory.

ADJ
= obligatory

2. mandatory
If a crime carries a mandatory punishment, that punishment is fixed by law for all cases, in contrast to crimes for which the judge or magistrate has to decide the punishment for each particular case. (FORMAL)

- ...the mandatory life sentence for murder.

- ...the four-year ban which is mandatory.

ADJ
≠ discretionary

mandatory

adjective

compulsory

binding

obligatory

required

requisite

mandible

[D.J.:ˈmændibl]

[K.K.:ˈmændəbəl]

n.

下颚,下颚骨

mandible

1. mandible mandibles
A mandible is the bone in the lower jaw of a person or animal. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT
= jawbone

2. mandible mandibles
An insect's mandibles are the two parts of its mouth which it uses for biting, similar to an animal's jaws. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl

mandolin

[D.J.:ˌmændəˈlɪn, ˈmændlɪn]

[K.K.:ˌmændəˈlɪn, ˈmændlɪn]

n.

曼陀林(一种琵琶类乐器)

mandolin

mandolin mandolins
A mandolin is a musical instrument that looks like a small guitar and has four pairs of strings.
N-VAR: oft the N

mane

[D.J.:meɪn]

[K.K.:men]

n.

(马颈背上、狮子脸部和颈部的)长鬃毛

maned

adj.

有鬃毛的

maneless

adj.

无鬃毛的

maned

[meind]

adj.

有鬃毛的

manes

[ˈmɑ:neiz]

n.

①(古罗马传说中的)祖先灵魂②死者的灵魂

mane *

1. mane manes
The mane on a horse or lion is the long thick hair that grows from its neck.
N-COUNT

2. mane manes
If you refer to a person's hair as their mane , you mean that they have a lot of hair. (LITERARY)

- He had a great mane of white hair.

N-COUNT

man-eating

man-eating
A man-eating animal is one that has killed and eaten human beings, or that people think might do so.

- ...lakes that contain man-eating sharks.

- ...man-eating lions.

ADJ: ADJ n

manfully

adv.

男子气概地,雄伟地

manfully

manfully
If you say that someone, especially a man, does something manfully , you mean that they do it in a very determined or brave way.

- They stuck to their task manfully.

- ...simple people who manfully bear the deprivations that are their lot.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

manfully

adverb

bravely

boldly

courageously

determinedly

gallantly

hard

resolutely

stoutly

valiantly

manganese

[D.J.:ˈmæŋgəˌni:z, -ˌni:s]

[K.K.:ˈmæŋɡəˌniz, -ˌnis]

n.

<化>锰

manganese

manganese
Manganese is a greyish-white metal that is used in making steel.
N-UNCOUNT

manger

[D.J.:ˈmeɪndʒə]

[K.K.:ˈmendʒɚ]

n.

(动物的等)食槽

a dog in the manger

占马槽的狗；占着茅坑不拉屎的人

manger

manger mangers
A manger is a low open container which cows, horses, and other animals feed from when indoors. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

mangetout

[ˈmændʒitaut]

n.

嫩豌豆

mangetout

mangetout
Mangetout are a type of pea whose pods are eaten as well as the peas inside them. (BRIT; in AM use snow pea )
N-COUNT: usu pl The spelling mange-tout is also used. The plural can be either mangetout or mangetouts

mangle

[D.J.:ˈmæŋgəl]

[K.K.:ˈmæŋɡəl]

vt.

损毁;使伤残;使变形

mangler

n.

乱切者,乱砍者

mangler

n.

(布单的)砑光机;(橡胶的)压延机,绞肉机;压甘蔗机;切碎机;轧机工作者,乱砍…的人

mangle *

1. mangle mangles mangling mangled
If a physical object is mangled , it is crushed or twisted very forcefully, so that it is difficult to see what its original shape was.

- His body was crushed and mangled beyond recognition.

- ...the mangled wreckage.

VB: usu passive

2. mangle mangles mangling mangled
If you say that someone mangles words or information, you are criticizing them for not speaking or writing clearly or correctly.

- There is almost no phrase so simple that he cannot mangle it.

- They don't know what they're talking about and mangle scientific information.

VB disapproval

3. mangle mangles
A mangle is an old-fashioned machine for removing water from clothes that have been washed. The clothes are squeezed between two wooden cylinders.
N-COUNT

mangle

verb

crush

deform

destroy

disfigure

distort

mutilate

ruin

spoil

tear

wreck

mango

[D.J.:ˈmæŋgəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈmæŋɡo]

n.

芒果

mango *

1. mango mangoes or mangos
A mango is a large sweet yellowish fruit which grows on a tree in hot countries.

- Peel, stone and dice the mango.

- ...mango chutney.

N-VAR

2. mango mangoes or mangos
A mango is the tree that this fruit grows on.

- ...orchards of lime and mango trees.

N-COUNT: oft N n

mangrove

[D.J.:ˈmænˌgrəʊv, ˈmæŋ-]

[K.K.:ˈmænˌɡrov, ˈmæŋ-]

n.

红树属树木,海榄雌

mangrove

mangrove mangroves
A mangrove or mangrove tree is a tree with roots which are above the ground and that grows along coasts or on the banks of large rivers in hot countries.

- ...mangrove swamps.

N-COUNT: oft N n

mangy

[D.J.:ˈmeindʒi]

[K.K.:ˈmendʒi]

adj.

(兽)疥癣的,污秽的

mangy

mangy mangier mangiest
A mangy animal looks dirty, uncared for or ill.

- ...mangy old dogs.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

mangy

adjective

scruffy

dirty

moth-eaten

seedy

shabby

shoddy

squalid

manhandle

[D.J.:ˈmænˌhændl]

[K.K.:ˈmænˌhændəl]

vt.

粗暴地对待; 虐待

manhandle

1. manhandle manhandles manhandling manhandled
If someone is manhandled , they are physically held or pushed, for example when they are being taken somewhere.

- Foreign journalists were manhandled by armed police, and told to leave.

- They manhandled the old man along the corridor.

VB

2. manhandle manhandles manhandling manhandled
If you manhandle something big or heavy somewhere, you move it there by hand.

- The three of us manhandled the uncovered dinghy out of the shed.

VB

manhandle

verb

rough up

knock about or around

maul

paw informal

manhole

[D.J.:ˈmænˌhəʊl]

[K.K.:ˈmænˌhol]

n.

人孔,检修孔

manhole

manhole manholes
A manhole is a large hole in a road or path, covered by a metal plate that can be removed. Workers climb down through manholes when they want to examine or clean the drains.
N-COUNT

manhood

[D.J.:ˈmænˌhʊd]

[K.K.:ˈmænˌhʊd]

n.

成年, 成年期;男子气概

男子的气质(如勇气、活力等)

(尤指一国)男子的总称

manhood *

1. manhood
Manhood is the state of being a man rather than a boy.

- They were failing lamentably to help their sons grow from boyhood to manhood.

N-UNCOUNT

2. manhood
Manhood is the period of a man's life during which he is a man rather than a boy.

- His handwriting, from earliest young manhood, was flowing and graceful.

N-UNCOUNT

3. manhood
If you refer to American manhood or French manhood for example, you are referring to American men or French men considered as a group.

- Italian manhood was appalled.

N-UNCOUNT: supp N

manhood

noun

manliness

masculinity

virility

man-hour

[ˈmænˈauə]

n.

工时,人工作时,人时(即一个人一天完成的工作量)

man-hour

man-hour man-hours
A man-hour is the average amount of work that one person can do in an hour. Man-hours are used to estimate how long jobs take, or how many people are needed to do a job in a particular time.

- The restoration took almost 4,000 man-hours over four years.

- ...when output per man-hour is raised.

N-COUNT: usu pl also man hour .

manhunt

[D.J.:ˈmænhʌnt]

[K.K.:ˈmænˌhʌnt]

n.

(对逃犯等的)搜捕,追捕

manhunt

manhunt manhunts
A manhunt is a major search for someone who has escaped or disappeared.
N-COUNT: oft N for n

mania

[D.J.:ˈmeɪni:ə, ˈmeɪnjə]

[K.K.:ˈmeniə, ˈmenjə]

n.

<医>躁狂症

狂热;癖好;着迷

mania *

1. mania manias
If you say that a person or group has a mania for something, you mean that they enjoy it very much or spend a lot of time on it.

- It seemed to some observers that the English had a mania for travelling.

- The media have a mania about rugby union.

- The end of the year has seen an increase in Mozart mania.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N for n/-ing, n N

2. mania
Mania is a mental illness which causes the sufferer to become very worried or concerned about something.

- ...the treatment of mania...

- He almost wouldn't eat at all and had the oddest manias.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

mania

noun

1.

madness

delirium

dementia

derangement

insanity

lunacy

2.

obsession

craze

fad informal

fetish

fixation

passion

preoccupation

thing informal

maniac

[D.J.:ˈmeɪni:ˌæk]

[K.K.:ˈmeniˌæk]

n.

<医>躁狂者

疯子;危险的人

maniac *

1. maniac maniacs
A maniac is a mad person who is violent and dangerous.

- The cabin looked as if a maniac had been let loose there.

- ...a drug-crazed maniac.

N-COUNT
= madman

2. maniac
If you describe someone's behaviour as maniac , you are emphasizing that it is extremely foolish and uncontrolled.

- A maniac driver sped 35 miles along the wrong side of a motorway at 110 mph.

- ...a maniac cyclist.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= lunatic

3. maniac maniacs
If you call someone, for example, a religious maniac or a sports maniac , you are critical of them because they have such a strong interest in religion or sport.

- My mum is turning into a religious maniac.

- ...football maniacs.

N-COUNT: supp N disapproval
= freak

maniac

noun

1.

madman or madwoman

headcase informal

lunatic

psycho slang

psychopath

2.

fanatic

enthusiast

fan

fiend informal

freak informal

maniacal

[D.J.:məˈnaɪəkəl]

[K.K.:məˈnaɪəkəl]

adj.

发狂的,癫狂的

maniacal

1. maniacal
If you describe someone's behaviour as maniacal , you mean that it is extreme, violent, or very determined, as if the person were insane.

- He was almost maniacal in his pursuit of sporting records.

- She is hunched forward over the wheel with a maniacal expression.

ADJ disapproval

2. maniacally

- He was last seen striding maniacally to the hotel reception.

- ...maniacally abrasive guitar pop.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

manic

[D.J.:ˈmænɪk]

[K.K.:ˈmænɪk]

adj.

<医>躁狂的, 患躁狂病的

manic *

1. manic
If you describe someone as manic , you mean that they do things extremely quickly or energetically, often because they are very excited or anxious about something.

- He was really manic.

- Possessed by an almost manic energy, he seemed to be everywhere, inspiring and bullying his troops forward.

ADJ-GRADED

2. manically

- We cleaned the house manically over the weekend.

- Hers is a manically full life.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. manic
If you describe someone's smile, laughter, or sense of humour as manic , you mean that it seems excessive or strange, as if they were insane.

- ...a manic grin.

ADJ-GRADED

manic-depressive

[ˌmænikdiˈpresiv]

adj.

燥狂抑郁病的

n.

燥狂抑郁病患者

manic-depressive

1. manic-depressive
If someone is manic-depressive , they have a medical condition in which they sometimes feel excited and confident and at other times very depressed.

- She told them that her daughter-in-law was manic-depressive.

- Manic depressive illness affects men and women equally.

ADJ also manic depressive .

2. manic-depressive manic-depressives
A manic-depressive is someone who is manic-depressive.

- Her mother is a manic depressive.

N-COUNT also manic depressive .

manicure

[D.J.:ˈmænɪˌkjʊə]

[K.K.:ˈmænɪˌkjʊr]

n.

修指甲

vt.

给(某人)修剪指甲

manicure *

1. manicure manicures manicuring manicured
If you manicure your hands or nails, you care for them by softening your skin and cutting and polishing your nails.

- He was surprised to see how carefully she had manicured her broad hands.

VB

2. manicure manicures
Also a noun.

- I have a manicure occasionally.

N-COUNT

manicured

manicured
A manicured lawn, park, or garden has very short neatly cut grass. (WRITTEN)

- She stared out at the impeccably manicured garden.

- ...the manicured lawns of Government House.

ADJ: oft adv ADJ

manicurist

[D.J.:ˈmænikjuərist]

[K.K.:ˈmænɪˌkjʊrɪst]

n.

指甲修饰师

manicurist

manicurist manicurists
A manicurist is a person whose job is manicuring people's hands and nails.
N-COUNT

manifest

[D.J.:ˈmænifest]

[K.K.:ˈmænəˌfɛst]

vt.

清楚表示; 显露

adj.

明白的, 明显的

manifestly

adv.

明白地

manifest **

1. manifest
If you say that something is manifest , you mean that it is clearly true and that nobody would disagree with it if they saw it or considered it. (FORMAL)

- ...the manifest failure of the policies...

- There may be unrecognised cases of manifest injustice of which we are unaware.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= patent

2. manifestly

- She manifestly failed to last the mile and a half of the race.

- ...the manifestly obvious health and social advantages of chastity.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV with cl/group
= patently

3. manifest manifests manifesting manifested
If you manifest a particular quality, feeling, or illness, or if it manifests itself, it becomes visible or obvious. (FORMAL)

- He manifested a pleasing personality on stage.

- The virus needs two weeks to manifest itself.

- ...and so their frustration and anger will manifest itself in crying and screaming...

- He's only convincing when that inner fury manifests itself.

V-ERG
= show

4. manifest
Also an adjective.

- The same alarm is manifest everywhere.

- Some of her social aspirations were made manifest.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

manifest

adjective

1.

obvious

apparent

blatant

clear

conspicuous

evident

glaring

noticeable

palpable

patent

verb

2.

display

demonstrate

exhibit

expose

express

reveal

show

manifestation

[D.J.:ˌmænəfeˈsteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmænəfɛˈsteʃən]

n.

表明;表现;显现

manifestation *

manifestation manifestations
A manifestation of something is one of the different ways in which it can appear. (FORMAL)

- Different animals in the colony had different manifestations of the disease.

- New York is the ultimate manifestation of American values.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

manifestation

noun

display

demonstration

exhibition

expression

indication

mark

show

sign

symptom

manifesto

[D.J.:ˌmænəˈfestəʊ]

[K.K.:ˌmænəˈfɛsto]

n.

宣言

manifesto **

manifesto manifestos or manifestoes
A manifesto is a statement published by a person or group of people, especially a political party, or a government, in which they say what their aims and policies are.

- The Tories are currently drawing up their election manifesto.

- His manifesto promised measures to protect them.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with poss

manifold

[D.J.:ˈmænəˌfəʊld]

[K.K.:ˈmænəˌfold]

adj.

多种多样的;多方面的

有多种形式的, 有多种用途的, 有许多部分的

n.

具有多种形式的东西

多支管

manifold

manifold
Things that are manifold are of many different kinds. (LITERARY)

- Gaelic can be heard here in manifold forms.

- The difficulties are manifold.

ADJ-GRADED

manifold

adjective

numerous

assorted

copious

diverse

many

multifarious

multiple

varied

various

manila

[D.J.:məˈnɪlə]

[K.K.:məˈnɪlə]

n.

马尼拉麻;马尼拉纸

adj.

马尼拉麻制的;马尼拉纸制的

manila

manila
A manila envelope or folder is made from a strong paper that is usually light brown.
ADJ: ADJ n also manilla .

manipulate

[D.J.:məˈnipjuleit]

[K.K.:məˈnɪpjəˌlet]

vt.

熟练控制[操作]

manipulation

[D.J.:məˌnɪpjʊˈleɪʃɵn]

[K.K.:məˌnɪpjʊˈleʃən]

n.

(熟练的)操作；操纵；控制

(对账目等的)伪造，篡改

manipulate **

1. manipulate manipulates manipulating manipulated
If you say that someone manipulates people, you disapprove of them because they skilfully force or persuade people to do what they want.

- He is a very difficult character. He manipulates people.

- She's always borrowing my clothes and manipulating me to give her vast sums of money.

- They'll have kids who are two, three, who are manipulating them into buying toys.

VB disapproval

2. manipulation manipulations

- ...repeated criticism or manipulation of our mind...

- I don't like manipulations or lies.

N-VAR

3. manipulate manipulates manipulating manipulated
If you say that someone manipulates an event or situation, you disapprove of them because they use or control it for their own benefit, or cause it to develop in the way they want.

- She was unable, for once, to control and manipulate events.

- They felt he had been cowardly in manipulating the system to avoid the draft.

VB disapproval
= manoeuvre

4. manipulation

- ...accusations of political manipulation.

N-VAR

5. manipulate manipulates manipulating manipulated
If you manipulate something that requires skill, such as a complicated piece of equipment or a difficult idea, you operate it or process it.

- The technology uses a pen to manipulate a computer.

- The puppets are expertly manipulated by Liz Walker.

- His mind moves in quantum leaps, manipulating ideas and jumping on to new ones as soon as he can.

VB

6. manipulation

- ...science that requires only the simplest of mathematical manipulations.

N-VAR

7. manipulate manipulates manipulating manipulated
If someone manipulates your bones or muscles, they skilfully move and press them with their hands in order to push the bones into their correct position or make the muscles less stiff.

- The way he can manipulate my leg has helped my arthritis so much.

VB

8. manipulation

- A permanent cure will only be effected by acupuncture, chiropractic or manipulation.

N-VAR

manipulate

verb

1.

work

handle

operate

use

2.

influence

control

direct

engineer

manoeuvre

manipulative

[D.J.:məˈnɪpjələtɪv, -ˌleɪ-]

[K.K.:məˈnɪpjələtɪv, -ˌle-]

adj.

<贬>(对他人)控制的,操纵的

manipulative *

manipulative
If you describe someone as manipulative , you disapprove of them because they skilfully force or persuade people to act in the way that they want.

- He described Mr Long as cold, calculating and manipulative.

- The worker was promoted despite aggressive and manipulative behaviour.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

manipulator

[məˈnipjuleitə]

n.

操作者,操纵者,操纵器

manipulator

manipulator manipulators
If you describe someone as a manipulator , you mean that they skilfully control events, situations, or people, often in a way that other people disapprove of.

- Jean Brodie is a manipulator. She cons everybody.

- ...some of the best PR manipulators in the business.

N-COUNT

mankind

[D.J.:mænˈkaind]

[K.K.:ˈmænˌkaɪnd]

n.

人类

mankind *

mankind
You can refer to all human beings as mankind when considering them as a group. Some people dislike this use.

- ...the evolution of mankind.

N-UNCOUNT
= humankind

mankind

noun

people

Homo sapiens

humanity

humankind

human race

man

manliness

[ˈmænlinis]

n.

刚毅

manly

[D.J.:ˈmænli:]

[K.K.:ˈmænli]

adj.

有男子气概的;刚强的, 勇敢的

manly *

1. manly manlier manliest
If you describe a man's behaviour or appearance as manly , you approve of it because it shows qualities that are considered typical of a man, such as strength or courage.

- He set himself manly tasks and expected others to follow his example.

- He was the ideal of manly beauty.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval
= masculine

2. manliness

- He has no doubts about his manliness.

N-UNCOUNT: poss N

manliness

noun

virility

boldness

bravery

courage

fearlessness

masculinity

valour

vigour

manly

adjective

virile

bold

brave

courageous

fearless

manful

masculine

strapping

strong

vigorous

man-made

[D.J.:ˈmænˈmeɪd]

[K.K.:ˈmænˈmed]

adj.

人造的;人工的;合成的

man-made *

man-made
Man-made things are created or caused by people, rather than occurring naturally.

- Man-made and natural disasters have disrupted the Government's economic plans.

- ...man-made lakes.

- ...a variety of materials, both natural and man-made.

ADJ
≠ natural

man-made

adjective

artificial

ersatz

manufactured

mock

synthetic

manna

[ˈmænə]

n.

吗哪(《圣经》故事所述,古以色列人经过荒野所得的天赐食物),精神食粮,天赐,甘露

manna

manna
If you say that something unexpected is manna from heaven or manna , you mean that it is good and happened just at the time that it was needed.

- Ex-forces personnel could be the manna from heaven employers are seeking.

- The revealed documents were manna for journalists.

PHR: oft v-link PHR

mannequin

[D.J.:ˈmænɪkɪn]

[K.K.:ˈmænɪkɪn]

n.

时装模特儿

人体模型

mannequin

1. mannequin mannequins
A mannequin is a life-sized model of a person which is used to display clothes, especially in shop windows. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

2. mannequin mannequins
A mannequin is a person who displays clothes, hats, or shoes by wearing them, especially in fashion shows or in fashion photographs. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT
= model

manner

[D.J.:ˈmænə]

[K.K.:ˈmænɚ]

n.

方式, 方法

态度

礼貌, 规矩

(人或物的)种类

manners

n.

礼貌

manner ***

1. manner
The manner in which you do something is the way that you do it.

- She smiled again in a friendly manner.

- I'm a professional and I have to conduct myself in a professional manner.

- The manner in which young children are spoken to varies depending on who is present.

N-SING: with supp
= way

2. manner
If something is done in the manner of something else, it is done in the style of that thing.

- It's a satire somewhat in the manner of Dickens.

- We kissed each other's cheeks in the European manner.

N-SING: with supp
= style

3. manner
Someone's manner is the way in which they behave and talk when they are with other people, for example whether they are polite, confident, or bad-tempered.

- His manner was self-assured and brusque.

- Her manner offstage, like her manner on, is somewhat surly.

N-SING: usu poss N

4. -mannered

- Forrest was normally mild-mannered, affable, and untalkative.

- The British are considered ill-mannered, badly dressed and unsophisticated.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

5. manner manners
If someone has good manners , they are polite and observe social customs. If someone has bad manners , they are impolite and do not observe these customs.

- He dressed well and had impeccable manners.

- The manners of many doctors were appalling.

- They taught him his manners.

N-PLURAL

6. manner
If you refer to all manner of objects or people, you are talking about objects or people of many different kinds.

- Mr Winchester is impressively knowledgeable about all manner of things.

- ...her pictures of all manner of wildlife.

PHR: PHR n

7. manner
You say in a manner of speaking to indicate that what you have just said is true, but not absolutely or exactly true.

- An attorney is your employee, in a manner of speaking.

- `You said she was a poor widow lady!' --- `In a manner of speaking she is,' Alison said.

PHR: PHR with cl vagueness
= in a way

8. manner
You use what manner of to suggest that the person or thing you are about to mention is of an unusual or unknown kind. (LITERARY)

- There was much curiosity about what manner of man he was.

- What manner of place is this?

PHR: PHR n

manner

noun

1.

behaviour

air

aspect

bearing

conduct

demeanour

2.

style

custom

fashion

method

mode

way

3.

type

brand

category

form

kind

sort

variety

manners

plural noun

1.

behaviour

conduct

demeanour

2.

politeness

courtesy

decorum

etiquette

p's and q's

refinement

mannered

[D.J.:ˈmænəd]

[K.K.:ˈmænəd]

adj.

(语言、文字等)不自然的, 矫揉造作的

mannered *

1. mannered
If you describe someone's behaviour or a work of art as mannered , you dislike it because it is elaborate or formal, and therefore seems false or artificial.

- ...Naomi's mannered voice...

- If you arrange your picture too systematically the results can look very mannered and artificial.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

2. mannered
Mannered behaviour is polite and observes social customs.

- ...its intention to restore pride in the past and create a more mannered society...

- They are always perfectly polite and beautifully mannered.

ADJ-GRADED

mannered

adjective

affected

artificial

pretentious

stilted

mannerism

[D.J.:ˈmænəˌrɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈmænəˌrɪzəm]

n.

习性;言谈举止

(绘画、写作中)过分的独特风格

风格主义

mannerism

mannerism mannerisms
Someone's mannerisms are the gestures or ways of speaking which are very characteristic of them, and which they often use.

- His mannerisms are more those of a preoccupied math professor.

- In accent and mannerism he appeared to be completely Eastern European.

N-COUNT

mannerism

noun

habit

characteristic

foible

idiosyncrasy

peculiarity

quirk

trait

trick

mannish

[D.J.:ˈmæniʃ]

[K.K.:ˈmænɪʃ]

adj.

(女人)似男人的, 男子般的; 有男子特性的, 男子气的

mannish

mannish
If you describe a woman's appearance or behaviour as mannish , you mean it is more like a man's appearance or behaviour than a woman's.

- She shook hands in a mannish way, her grip dry and firm.

- ...a mannish trouser suit.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

manoeuvrable

[D.J.:məˈnu:vrəbəl]

[K.K.:məˈnuvərəb l..]

adj.

可调动的,可移动的;可演习的

manoeuvrable

manoeuvrable
Something that is manoeuvrable can be easily moved into different positions.

- Ferries are very powerful and manoeuvrable compared to cargo ships.

- ...the light, manoeuvrable cart.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) maneuverable

manoeuvre

[D.J.:məˈnu:və]

[K.K.:məˈnuvɚ, -ˈnju-]

n.

调动; 演习

谨慎而熟练的动作

vt. & vi.

(使某物)移动, 运动

vt.

熟练而巧妙地引导

vi.

演习

manoeuvring

[məˈnu:vəriŋ]

n.

调遣;部署;操纵

manoeuvre **

1. manoeuvre manoeuvres manoeuvring manoeuvred
If you manoeuvre something into or out of an awkward position, you skilfully move it there.

- We attempted to manoeuvre the canoe closer to him.

- I manoeuvred my way among the tables to the back corner of the place.

- The pilot instinctively maneuvered to avoid them.

VB (AM) maneuver

2. manoeuvre manoeuvres
Also a noun.

- ...a ship capable of high speed and rapid manoeuvre.

N-VAR (AM) maneuver

3. manoeuvre manoeuvres manoeuvring manoeuvred
If you manoeuvre a situation, you change it in a clever and skilful way so that you can benefit from it.

- The authorities have to manoeuvre the markets into demanding a cut in interest rates.

- He brilliantly manoeuvred himself back to power.

- He manoeuvres to foster recovery.

VB (AM) maneuver
= manipulate

4. manoeuvre manoeuvres
Also a noun.

- ...manoeuvres to block the electoral process.

N-COUNT (AM) maneuver
= ploy

5. manoeuvring manoeuvrings

- ...his unrivalled skill in political manoeuvring.

- ...his manoeuvrings on the matter of free trade.

N-VAR

6. manoeuvre manoeuvres
Military manoeuvres are training exercises which involve the movement of soldiers and equipment over a large area.

- Allied troops begin maneuvers tomorrow to show how quickly forces could be mobilized in case of a new invasion.

- The camp was used for military manoeuvres.

N-PLURAL (AM) maneuver
= exercises

manoeuvre

noun

1.

stratagem

dodge

intrigue

machination

ploy

ruse

scheme

subterfuge

tactic

trick

2.

movement

exercise

operation

verb

3.

manipulate

contrive

engineer

machinate

pull strings

scheme

wangle informal

4.

move

deploy

exercise

manor

[D.J.:ˈmænə]

[K.K.:ˈmænɚ]

n.

庄园;领地;庄园大厦

manor house

庄园主的住宅

manor **

1. manor manors
A manor is a large private house in the country, usually built in the Middle Ages, and also includes the land and smaller buildings around it. (BRIT)

- Thieves broke into the manor at night.

- ...Bawdsey Manor on the Suffolk coast.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

2. manor
Some people, especially police officers, refer to the area where they work as their manor . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The Chief Constable deeply resented any intrusions into his manor.

- Thank God they're not on my manor any more.

N-SING: usu poss N
= patch turf

manor house *

manor house manor houses
A manor house is the main house that is or was on a medieval manor. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

manpower

[D.J.:ˈmænˌpaʊə]

[K.K.:ˈmænˌpaʊɚ]

n.

劳动力

人力;体力

manpower *

manpower
Workers are sometimes referred to as manpower when they are being considered as a part of the process of producing goods or providing services.

- ...the shortage of skilled manpower in the industry...

- These people do not have the equipment or the manpower to cut down the trees.

N-UNCOUNT

manqu´e

manqu´e
You use manqu´e to describe someone who has never had the type of job indicated, although they had the ability for it or wanted it.

- ...his inescapable feeling that he is a great actor manqu´e...

- He was, in a sense, an academic manqu´e.

ADJ: n ADJ

manse

[D.J.:mæns]

[K.K.:mæns]

n.

牧师住宅

manse

manse manses
In some Christian churches, a manse is the house provided for a clergyman to live in. (mainly BRIT)

- ...a Baptist manse in Monmouth.

N-COUNT

manservant

[D.J.:ˈmænˌsɜ:vənt]

[K.K.:ˈmænˌsə..vənt]

n.

男仆;家丁;(尤指)随身男侍从

manservant

manservant manservants
A manservant is a man who works as a servant in a private house. (OLD-FASHIONED) (BRIT; in AM use houseman )

- They were waited on by a manservant.

N-COUNT

mansion

[D.J.:ˈmænʃən]

[K.K.:ˈmænʃən]

n.

宅第, 公馆; 大厦

mansion **

1. mansion mansions
A mansion is a very large house.

- ...an eighteenth century mansion in Hampshire...

- The very best properties, however, the colonial mansions and villas, were reserved for the government.

N-COUNT

2. mansion
Mansions is often used in the names of blocks of flats. (BRIT)

- ...Delaware Mansions, a block of 167 flats opposite the BBC Radio studios.

N-IN-NAMES

mansion

noun

residence

hall

manor

seat

villa

manslaughter

[D.J.:ˈmænˌslɔ:tə]

[K.K.:ˈmænˌslɔtɚ]

n.

<律>过失杀人(罪);误杀

manslaughter *

manslaughter
Manslaughter is the illegal killing of a person by someone who did not intend to kill them. (LEGAL)

- A judge accepted her plea that she was guilty of manslaughter, not murder.

N-UNCOUNT

mantel

[D.J.:ˈmæntl]

[K.K.:ˈmæntl..]

n.

壁炉架,壁炉台

mantel

mantel mantels
A mantel is a mantelpiece. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- On the mantel were photographs of a man and a woman.

N-COUNT

mantelpiece

[D.J.:ˈmæntlˌpi:s]

[K.K.:ˈmæntl..ˌpis]

n.

壁炉台

mantelpiece

mantelpiece mantelpieces
A mantelpiece is a wood or stone shelf which is the top part of a border round a fireplace.

- On the mantelpiece are a pair of bronze Ming vases.

N-COUNT: usu sing also mantlepiece .
= mantelshelf

mantelshelf

[D.J.:ˈmæntlˌʃelf]

[K.K.:ˈmæntlˌʃɛlf]

n.

壁炉架

mantelshelf

mantelshelf mantelshelves
A mantelshelf is a mantelpiece. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Beneath this, on the mantelshelf, is displayed a collection of seventeenth-century tulip vases.

N-COUNT: usu sing also mantleshelf .
= mantelpiece

mantle

[D.J.:ˈmæntl]

[K.K.:ˈmæntl..]

n.

覆盖物;幕;披风;斗篷

mantle *

1. mantle
If you take on the mantle of something such as a profession or an important job, you take on the responsibilities and duties which must be fulfilled by anyone who has this profession or job. (WRITTEN)

- Glasgow has broadened its appeal since taking on the mantle of European City of Culture in 1990.

- She has the intellectual form to take up the mantle of leadership.

N-SING: the N of n

2. mantle mantles
A mantle of something is a layer of it covering a surface, for example a layer of snow on the ground. (WRITTEN)

- The parks and squares looked grim under a mantle of soot and ash.

N-COUNT: with supp
= layer

3. mantle mantles
A mantle is a piece of clothing without sleeves that people used to wear over their other clothes in former times.
N-COUNT
= cloak

mantle

noun

1.

cloak

cape

hood

shawl

wrap

2.

covering

blanket

canopy

curtain

pall

screen

shroud

veil

mantra

[ˈmæntrə]

n.

颂歌,咒语(尤指四吠陀经典内作为咒文或祷告唱念的)

mantra *

1. mantra mantras
A mantra is a word or phrase repeated by Buddhists and Hindus when they meditate, or to help them feel calm.
N-COUNT

2. mantra mantras
You can use mantra to refer to a statement or a principle that people repeat very often because they think it is true, especially when you think that it not true or is only part of the truth.

- Listening to customers is now part of the mantra of new management in public services. But how many public bodies really do it?

N-COUNT

manual

[D.J.:ˈmænjuəl]

[K.K.:ˈmænjuəl]

adj.

用手的, 手工的

n.

手册, 指南

manually

[D.J.:ˈmænjʊəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈmænjʊəlɪ]

adv.

用手地;手工地

manual **

1. manual
Manual work is work in which you use your hands or your physical strength rather than your mind.

- ...skilled manual workers...

- They have no reservations about taking factory or manual jobs.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= blue-collar

2. manual
Manual is used to talk about movements which are made by someone's hands. (FORMAL)

- ...toys designed to help develop manual dexterity.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. manual
Manual means operated by hand, rather than by electricity or a motor.

- There is a manual pump to get rid of the water.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. manually

- The device is manually operated, using a simple handle.

ADV: ADV with v

5. manual manuals
A manual is a book which tells you how to do something or how a piece of machinery works.

- ...the instruction manual.

N-COUNT

manual

adjective

1.

hand-operated

human

physical

noun

2.

handbook

bible

instructions

manufacture

[D.J.:ˌmænjuˈfæktʃə]

[K.K.:ˌmænjəˈfæktʃɚ]

vt.

制造

捏造

n.

制造

制造品, 产品

manufactured

[ˌmænjuˈfæktʃəd]

adj.

人造的

manufacturing

[D.J.:ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ]

n.

制造业,工业

adj.

制造业的;制造的

manufacture ***

1. manufacture manufactures manufacturing manufactured
To manufacture something means to make it in a factory, usually in large quantities.

- They manufacture the class of plastics known as thermoplastic materials.

- The first three models are being manufactured at the factory in Ashton-under-Lyne.

- We import foreign manufactured goods.

VB
= produce

2. manufacture
Also a noun.

- ...the manufacture of nuclear weapons.

- ...celebrating 90 years of car manufacture.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

3. manufacturing

- ...management headquarters for manufacturing in China.

- ...the manufacturing of a luxury type automobile.

N-UNCOUNT
= production

4. manufacture manufactures
In economics, manufactures are goods or products which have been made in a factory. (TECHNICAL)

- ...a long-term rise in the share of manufactures in non-oil exports.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= product

5. manufacture manufactures manufacturing manufactured
If you say that someone manufactures information, you are criticizing them because they invent information that is not true.

- According to the prosecution, the officers manufactured an elaborate story.

- He said the allegations were manufactured on the flimsiest evidence.

VB disapproval
= fabricate

manufacture

verb

1.

make

assemble

build

construct

create

mass-produce

produce

put together

turn out

2.

concoct

cook up informal

devise

fabricate

invent

make up

think up

trump up

noun

3.

making

assembly

construction

creation

production

manufacturer

[D.J.:ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərə]

[K.K.:ˌmænjəˈfæktʃəɚ]

n.

制造商, 制造厂

manufacturer ***

manufacturer manufacturers
A manufacturer is a business or company which makes goods in large quantities to sell.

- ...the world's largest doll manufacturer.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

manufacturer

noun

maker

builder

constructor

creator

industrialist

producer

manure

[D.J.:məˈnʊə, -ˈnjʊə]

[K.K.:məˈnʊr, -ˈnjʊr]

n.

肥料;粪便

manure *

manure manures
Manure is animal faeces, sometimes mixed with chemicals, that is spread on the ground in order to make plants grow healthy and strong.

- ...bags of manure.

- ...organic manures.

N-MASS

manure

noun

compost

droppings

dung

excrement

fertilizer

muck

ordure

manuscript

[D.J.:ˈmænjuskript]

[K.K.:ˈmænjəˌskrɪpt]

n.

手稿, 原稿, 底稿

手写本

manuscript **

1. manuscript manuscripts
A manuscript is a handwritten or typed document, especially a writer's first version of a book before it is published.

- He had seen a manuscript of the book.

- ...discovering an original manuscript of the song in Paris...

- I am grateful to him for letting me read his early chapters in manuscript.

N-COUNT: also in N

2. manuscript manuscripts
A manuscript is an old document that was written by hand before printing was invented.

- ...early printed books and rare manuscripts.

N-COUNT

Manx

[mæŋks]

adj.

马恩岛的,马恩岛人的

n.

马恩岛人,马恩岛语,马恩岛猫(一种无尾家猫)

Manx *

Manx
Manx is used to describe people or things that belong to or concern the Isle of Man and the people who live there.
ADJ

many

[D.J.:ˈmeni]

[K.K.:ˈmɛni]

adj.

许多, 多的

pron.

许多

many *****

1. many
You use many to indicate that you are talking about a large number of people or things.

- I don't think many people would argue with that.

- Not many films are made in Finland.

- Do you keep many books and papers and memorabilia?.

- Many holidaymakers had avoided the worst of the delays by consulting tourist offices.

- Acting is definitely a young person's profession in many ways.

DET: DET pl-n, oft with brd-neg
= a lot of ≠ few

2. many
Also a pronoun.

- We stood up, thinking through the possibilities. There weren't many.

PRON
≠ few

3. many
Also a quantifier.

- So, once we have cohabited, why do many of us feel the need to get married?.

- It seems there are not very many of them left in the sea.

- In many of these neighborhoods a lot of people don't have telephones.

QUANT: QUANT of def-pl-n

4. many
Also an adjective.

- Among his many hobbies was the breeding of fine horses.

- The possibilities are many.

ADJ-GRADED: det ADJ, v-link ADJ

5. many
You use many in expressions such as `not many', `not very many', and `too many' when replying to questions about numbers of things or people.

- `How many of the songs that dealt with this theme became hit songs?' --- `Not very many.'.

- How many years is it since we've seen each other? Too many, anyway.

ADV-GRADED: ADV as reply

6. many
You use many followed by `a' and a noun to emphasize that there are a lot of people or things involved in something.

- Many a mother tries to act out her unrealized dreams through her daughter.

- I have spent many a morning with my wife gathering mussels along the rocky beaches of Little Compton.

PREDET emphasis

7. many
You use many after `how' to ask questions about numbers or quantities. You use many after `how' in reported clauses to talk about numbers or quantities.

- How many years have you been here?.

- No-one knows how many people have been killed since the war began.

DET: how DET pl-n

8. many
Also a pronoun.

- How many do you smoke a day?

PRON: how PRON

9. many
You use many with `as' when you are comparing numbers of things or people.

- I've always entered as many photo competitions as I can.

- We produced ten times as many tractors as the United States.

DET: as DET pl-n, usu as DET pl-n as cl/group

10. many
Also a pronoun.

- Let the child try on as many as she likes.

PRON: as PRON

11. many
You use many to mean `many people'.

- Not many expected Ferdinand to be such a success this season.

- Iris Murdoch was regarded by many as a supremely good and serious writer.

PRON

12. many
The many means a large group of people, especially the ordinary people in society, considered as separate from a particular small group.

- The printing press gave power to a few to change the world for the many.

- He wanted to create a society of opportunity where benefits became available to the many.

PRON: the PRON

13. many
You use as many as before a number to suggest that it is surprisingly large.

- New York City police say that as many as four and a half million people watched today's parade.

PHR: PHR num emphasis

14. many
You use a good many or a great many to emphasize that you are referring to a large number of things or people.

- We've both had a good many beers.

- For a great many men and women, romance can be a most important part of marriage.

PHR: PHR pl-n emphasis

many

adjective

1.

numerous

abundant

countless

innumerable

manifold

myriad

umpteen informal

various

noun

2.

a lot

heaps informal

lots informal

plenty

scores

Maori

[D.J.:ˈmaʊəri:]

[K.K.:ˈmaʊri]

n.

(新西兰的)毛利人

毛利语

adj.

毛利人的

Maori

1. Maori
Maori means belonging to or relating to the race of people who have lived in New Zealand and the Cook Islands since before Europeans arrived.

- In New Zealand, the Maori people maintain a strong cultural tradition.

- ...Maori values.

ADJ

2. Maori Maoris
The Maori or the Maoris are people who are Maori.
N-COUNT

map

[D.J.:mæp]

[K.K.:mæp]

n.

地图

天体图

vt.

绘制(一地区等的)地图; 用地图表示

mapped

映射,绘制…的地图,计划

mapping

[ˈmæpiŋ]

映射,绘制…的地图,计划

map ***

1. map maps
A map is a drawing of a particular area such as a city, a country, or a continent, showing its main features as they would appear if you looked at them from above.

- He unfolded the map and set it on the floor.

- Have you got a map of the city centre?

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. map maps
A map is a drawing that gives special information about an area.

- ...geological maps, books and atlases.

- ...weather maps on television.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= chart

3. map maps mapping mapped
To map an area means to make a map of it.

- ...a spacecraft which is using radar to map the surface of Venus.

- ...better mapping of the ocean floor.

VB
= chart

4. map
If you say that someone or something put a person, thing, or place on the map , you approve of the fact that they made it become well-known and important.

- ...the attempts of the Edinburgh Festival's organisers to put C.P. Taylor firmly on the map...

- This could put cider back on the map as one of our great national drinks.

PHR: V inflects approval

map out ***

map out maps out; mapping out; mapped out
If you map out something that you are intending to do, you work out in detail how you will do it.

- I went home and mapped out my strategy.

- I cannot conceive of anybody writing a play by sitting down and mapping it out.

- This whole plan has been most carefully mapped out.

PHR-V

maple

[D.J.:ˈmeipl]

[K.K.:ˈmepəl]

n.

槭树, 枫树

maple *

1. maple maples
A maple or a maple tree is a tree with five-pointed leaves which turn bright red or gold in autumn.
N-VAR

2. maple
Maple is the wood of this tree.

- It's made of maple.

- ...a solid maple worktop.

N-UNCOUNT

maple syrup

maple syrup
Maple syrup is a sweet, sticky, brown liquid made from the sap of maple trees, that can be eaten with pancakes or used to make desserts.
N-UNCOUNT

mar

[mɑ:]

vt.

毁坏; 损坏; 玷污

mar **

mar mars marring marred
To mar something means to spoil or damage it.

- A number of problems marred the smooth running of this event.

- That election was marred by massive cheating.

VB
= ruin

mar

verb

spoil

blemish

damage

detract from

disfigure

hurt

impair

ruin

scar

stain

taint

tarnish

Mar

[mɑ:]

三月(March)

Mar.

March三月

Mar. **

Mar.
Mar. is a written abbreviation for March .

marathon

[D.J.:ˈmærəˌθɔn]

[K.K.:ˈmærəˌθɑn]

n.

<体>马拉松赛跑(41.3km)

拖时长久令人难以忍受的事情

marathon **

1. marathon marathons
A marathon is a race in which people run a distance of 26 miles, which is about 42 km.

- ...running in his first marathon...

- Rodgers can also claim four victories in the New York Marathon.

N-COUNT

2. marathon
The marathon is the sport of running marathon races.

- ...when I took up the marathon.

N-SING: the N

3. marathon
If you use marathon to describe an event or task, you are emphasizing that it takes a long time and is very tiring.

- People make marathon journeys to buy glass here.

- ...a marathon session of talks with government representatives.

- ...the medical team which successfully carried out the marathon operation.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

marauder

marauder marauders
If you describe a group of people or animals as marauders , you mean they are unpleasant and dangerous, because they wander around looking for opportunities to steal or kill. (LITERARY)

- Numb with terror, she stared at the departing marauders.

- They were raided by roaming bands of marauders.

N-COUNT

marauder

noun

raider

bandit

brigand

buccaneer

outlaw

plunderer

marauding

[D.J.:məˈrɔ:dɪŋ]

[K.K.:məˈrɔdɪŋ]

adj.

到处抢劫的，劫掠的

marauding

marauding
If you talk about marauding groups of people or animals, you mean they are unpleasant and dangerous, because they wander around looking for opportunities to steal or kill. (LITERARY)

- Marauding gangs of armed men have been looting food relief supplies.

- ...safe from danger, such as marauding wild animals.

ADJ: ADJ n

marble

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:bl]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrbəl]

n.

大理石

(用玻璃、泥等制成的)弹子

弹子游戏

marbles

[ˈmɑ:blz]

n.

(在地上玩的)弹子游戏

marble **

1. marble
Marble is a type of very hard rock which feels cold when you touch it and which shines when it is cut and polished. Statues and parts of buildings are sometimes made of marble.

- The house has a superb staircase made from oak and marble.

- The entrance-hall was paved with black and white marble tiles.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. marble marbles
Marbles are sculptures made of marble.

- ...marbles and bronzes from the Golden Age of Athens.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. marble
Marbles is a children's game played with small balls, usually made of coloured glass. You roll a ball along the ground and try to hit an opponent's ball with it.

- On the far side of the street, two boys were playing marbles.

N-UNCOUNT

4. marble marbles
A marble is one of the small balls used in the game of marbles.
N-COUNT

5. marble
If you say that someone has lost their marbles , you mean that their ideas or behaviour are very strange, as if they have become insane. (INFORMAL)

- I'll tell it to you, although you'll probably think I've lost my marbles.

PHR: V inflects
= go mad

marbled

[ˈmɑ:bld]

adj.

大理石的;用大理石装饰或建造的

marbled

marbled
Something that is marbled has a pattern or colouring like that of marble.

- ...green marbled soap...

- If the meat is marbled with fat it should be tender.

ADJ: usu ADJ n, also v-link ADJ with/in n

march

[D.J.:mɑ:tʃ]

[K.K.:mɑrtʃ]

vi.

进军; 行进

vt. & vi.

(使)前进

n.

行进, 行军

前进, 进军

行进距离

游行

进行曲

稳定的发展

marcher

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:tʃə]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrtʃɚ]

n.

边疆地区居民;边境防务长官;行进者,行军者,游行者

march ***

1. march marches marching marched
When soldiers march somewhere, or when a commanding officer marches them somewhere, they walk there with very regular steps, as a group.

- A Scottish battalion was marching down the street.

- Captain Ramirez called them to attention and marched them off to the main camp.

- We marched fifteen miles to Yadkin River.

- The ice was not thick enough to bear the weight of marching men.

V-ERG

2. march marches
If a group of soldiers are on the march , they are marching somewhere.

- After a short march, the column entered the village.

- The Colonel and his forces were camped on the plain of Tuna, a day's march north of Phari.

- Tarleton's men had been on the march for much of the night.

PHR: oft v-link PHR

3. march marches marching marched
When a large group of people march for a cause, they walk somewhere together in order to express their ideas or to protest about something.

- The demonstrators then marched through the capital chanting slogans and demanding free elections.

- Hundreds of activists marked the holy day by marching for peace and disarmament.

VB

4. march marches
Also a noun.

- Organisers expect up to 300,000 protesters to join the march.

N-COUNT

5. marcher marchers

- Fights between police and marchers lasted for three hours.

N-COUNT

6. march marches marching marched
If you say that someone marches somewhere, you mean that they walk there quickly and in a determined way, for example because they are angry.

- He marched into the kitchen without knocking.

VB

7. march marches marching marched
If you march someone somewhere, you force them to walk there with you, for example by holding their arm tightly.

- They were marched through a crocodile-infested area and, if they slowed down, were beaten with sticks.

- I marched him across the room, down the hall and out onto the doorstep.

VB

8. march
The march of something is its steady development or progress.

- It is easy to feel trampled by the relentless march of technology.

- Society's march toward ever-increasing materialism was continuing.

N-SING: usu the N of n

9. march marches
A march is a piece of music with a regular rhythm that you can march to.

- A military band played Russian marches and folk tunes.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

10. march
If you give someone their marching orders , you tell them that you no longer want or need them, for example as your employee or as your lover. (BRIT; in AM use walking papers )

- They've had their marching orders.

- What does it take for a woman to say `that's enough' and give her man his marching orders?

PHR: PHR after v

11. march
If you steal a march on someone, you start doing something before they do it in order to gain an advantage over them.

- If its strategy succeeds, Mexico could even steal a march on its northern neighbour.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR on n

march

verb

1.

walk

file

pace

parade

stride

strut

noun

2.

walk

routemarch

trek

3.

progress

advance

development

evolution

progression

March

[D.J.:mɑ:tʃ]

[K.K.:mɑrtʃ]

n.

三月

March *****

March Marches
March is the third month of the year in the Western calendar.

- I flew to Milan in early March.

- She was born in Austria on March 6, 1920.

- The election could be held as early as next March.

N-VAR

marching band

marching band marching bands
A marching band is a group of musicians who play music as they march along the street or march as part of a ceremony.
N-COUNT

marchioness

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:ʃənis]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrʃənɪs, ˌmɑrʃəˈnɛs]

n.

侯爵夫人,女侯爵

marchioness

marchioness
A marchioness is the wife of a marquis, or a woman with the same rank as a marquis.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

march-past

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:tʃˌpæst]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrtʃˌpæst]

n.

分列式

march-past

march-past march-pasts
When soldiers take part in a march-past , they march past an important person as part of a ceremonial occasion.
N-COUNT also march past .

Mardi Gras

Mardi Gras
Mardi Gras is the Christian festival of Shrove Tuesday, the day before Lent, which people in some places celebrate by wearing colourful costumes and dancing through the streets.
N-UNCOUNT

mare

[D.J.:mɛə]

[K.K.:mɛr]

n.

母马, 母驴

mare **

mare mares
A mare is an adult female horse.
N-COUNT

margarine

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:dʒərɪn]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrdʒərɪn]

n.

人造黄油

margarine *

margarine margarines
Margarine is a yellow substance made from vegetable oil and animal fats that is similar to butter. You spread it on bread or use it for cooking.
N-MASS

marge

[mɑ:dʒ]

n.

边,缘

marge

marge
Marge is the same as margarine . (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT also marg .

margin

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:dʒin]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrdʒɪn]

n.

页边空白

边, 边缘

差数, 差额; 余地

margin ***

1. margin margins
A margin is the difference between two amounts, especially the difference in the number of votes or points between the winner and the loser in an election or other contest.

- They could end up with a 50-point winning margin.

- The Sunday Times remains the brand leader by a huge margin.

- The margin in favor was 280-to-153.

N-COUNT: with supp

2. margin margins
The margin of a written or printed page is the empty space at the side of the page.

- She added her comments in the margin.

N-COUNT

3. margin margins
If there is a margin for something in a situation, there is some freedom to choose what to do or decide how to do it.

- The money is collected in a straightforward way with little margin for error.

- These charges can carry prison terms of up to five years, though there's a wide margin of discretion.

- Out in front, Clarke had built up such a sizeable safety margin that he eased the pace and started cruising.

N-VAR: with supp
= scope leeway

4. margin margins
The margin of a place or area is the extreme edge of it.

- ...the low coastal plain along the western margin...

- These islands are on the margins of human habitation.

N-COUNT: with supp
= edge periphery

5. margin margins
To be on the margins of a society, group, or activity means to be among the least typical or least important parts of it.

- Students have played an important role in the past, but for the moment, they're on the margins.

- ...signs of the party's rapid retreat to the political margins.

N-PLURAL: with supp
= fringes

margin

noun

edge

border

boundary

brink

perimeter

periphery

rim

side

verge

marginal

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:dʒinəl]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrdʒənəl]

adj.

(印或记)在页边的

不重要的, 微小的, 少量的

仅以微弱多数票获胜的

marginal **

1. marginal
If you describe something as marginal , you mean that it is small or not very important.

- This is a marginal improvement on October.

- The role of the opposition party proved marginal.

ADJ-GRADED

2. marginal
If you describe people as marginal , you mean that they are not involved in the main events or developments in society because they are poor or have no power.

- The tribunals were established for the well-integrated members of society and not for marginal individuals.

- I don't want to call him marginal, but he's not a major character.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ mainstream

3. marginal
In political elections, a marginal seat or constituency is one which is usually won or lost by only a few votes, and is therefore of great interest to politicians and journalists. (BRIT)

- ...the views of voters in five marginal seats.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. marginal marginals
A marginal is a marginal seat. (BRIT)

- The votes in the marginals are those that really count.

- The coalition won a majority of the vote but failed to win enough of the key marginals.

N-COUNT

5. marginal
Marginal activities, costs, or taxes are not the main part of a business or an economic system, but often make the difference between its success or failure, and are therefore important to control.

- The analysts applaud the cuts in marginal businesses, but insist the company must make deeper sacrifices.

- For low-paid workers, the marginal tax rate is at least 75%.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

6. marginal
Marginal land is not very good for growing crops or grass for animals. (TECHNICAL)

- The poor are forced to farm in more marginal lands higher up the mountains.

- ...helping farmers, so they do not have to exploit marginal lands.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

marginal

adjective

1.

borderline

bordering

on the edge

peripheral

2.

insignificant

minimal

minor

negligible

slight

small

marginalize

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:dʒinlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrdʒənəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使处于社会边缘,使脱离社会发展进程;忽视,排斥

marginalize *

1. marginalize marginalizes marginalizing marginalized
To marginalize a group of people means to make them feel isolated and unimportant.

- The effect of this has been to increasingly marginalize the local authority sector.

- We've always been marginalized, exploited, and constantly threatened.

VB (BRIT) also marginalise
= isolate

2. marginalization

- He spoke of his fears of the marginalization of Africa.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

marginally

[D.J.:ˈm ɑ:d ʒɪnəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈm ɑrd ʒɪnəlɪ]

adv.

在栏外,在页边;在边缘

少量地;最低限度地

marginally *

marginally
Marginally means to only a small extent.

- Sales last year were marginally higher than in 1991.

- The Christian Democrats did marginally worse than expected.

- These cameras have increased only marginally in value over the past decade.

ADV: ADV adv/adj/prep, ADV with v
= slightly

marigold

[D.J.:ˈmæriɡəuld]

[K.K.:ˈmærɪˌɡold, ˈmɛr-]

n.

〈植〉万寿菊; 金盏花

marigold *

marigold marigolds
A marigold is a type of yellow or orange flower.
N-VAR

marijuana

[ˌmæriˈ hwɑ:nə]

n.

大麻

marijuana *

marijuana
Marijuana is a drug which is made from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant, and which can be smoked.
N-UNCOUNT
= cannabis

marijuana

noun

cannabis

dope slang

grass slang

hemp

pot slang

marina

[D.J.:məˈri:nə]

[K.K.:məˈrinə]

n.

小艇停靠区

marina *

marina marinas
A marina is a small harbour for small boats that are used for leisure.
N-COUNT

marinade

[D.J.:ˌmæriˈneid]

[K.K.:ˌmærəˈned]

n.

腌泡汁

marinade *

1. marinade marinades
A marinade is a sauce of oil, vinegar, spices, and herbs, which you pour over meat or fish before you cook it, in order to add flavour, or to make the meat or fish softer.
N-COUNT

2. marinade marinades marinading marinaded
To marinade means the same as to marinate .

- Marinade the chicken breasts in the tandoori paste.

- Leave to marinade for 24 hours.

V-ERG

marinate

[ˈmærineit]

vt.

把…浸泡于腌泡汁中

marinate *

marinate marinates marinating marinated
If you marinate meat or fish, or if it marinates , you keep it in a mixture of oil, vinegar, spices, and herbs, before cooking it, so that it can develop a special flavour.

- Marinate the chicken for at least 4 hours.

- Put it in a screw-top jar with French dressing and leave to marinate.

V-ERG

marine

[D.J.:məˈri:n]

[K.K.:məˈrin]

adj.

海的, 海产的, 海生的

海军的

海事的, 海运的

n.

水兵; 海军陆战队士兵

marine ***

1. marine marines
A marine is a member of an armed force, for example the US Marine Corps or the Royal Marines, who is specially trained for military duties at sea as well as on land.
N-COUNT

2. marine
Marine is used to describe things relating to the sea or to the animals and plants that live in the sea.

- ...breeding grounds for marine life.

- ...research in marine biology.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. marine
Marine is used to describe things relating to ships and their movement at sea.

- ...a solicitor specialising in marine law.

- ...marine insurance claims.

ADJ: ADJ n
= maritime

marine

adjective

nautical

maritime

naval

seafaring

seagoing

mariner

[D.J.:ˈmærənə]

[K.K.:ˈmærənɚ]

n.

海员;水手

mariner *

mariner mariners
A mariner is a sailor. (LITERARY)
N-COUNT
= seafarer

mariner

noun

sailor

salt

sea dog

seafarer

seaman

marionette

[D.J.:ˌmæri:əˈnet]

[K.K.:ˌmæriəˈnɛt]

n.

牵线木偶

marionette

marionette marionettes
A marionette is a puppet whose different parts you can move using strings or wires.
N-COUNT
= puppet

marital

[D.J.:ˈmæritl]

[K.K.:ˈmærɪtl]

adj.

婚姻的; 夫妻(间)的

marital *

marital
Marital is used to describe things relating to marriage.

- Caroline was keen to make her marital home in London to be near her family.

- Her son had no marital problems.

ADJ: ADJ n

marital

adjective

matrimonial

conjugal

connubial

nuptial

marital status

marital status
Your marital status is whether you are married, single, or divorced. (FORMAL)

- How well off you are in old age is largely determined by race, sex, and marital status.

N-UNCOUNT

maritime

[D.J.:ˈmæritaim]

[K.K.:ˈmærɪˌtaɪm]

adj.

海的; 航海的

maritime *

maritime
Maritime is used to describe things relating to the sea and to ships.

- ...the largest maritime museum of its kind.

ADJ: ADJ n

maritime

adjective

1.

nautical

marine

naval

oceanic

seafaring

2.

coastal

littoral

seaside

marjoram

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:dʒərəm]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrdʒərəm]

n.

媒墨角兰(一种牛至属植物)

marjoram

marjoram
Marjoram is a kind of herb.
N-UNCOUNT

mark

[D.J.:mɑ:k]

[K.K.:mɑrk]

n.

痕迹, 污点, 斑

分数, 等级符号

记号, 标记

(德国货币名称)马克

vt.

在…留下痕迹, 标出

表示, 指明

给…打分

marked

[D.J.:mɑ:kt]

[K.K.:mɑrkt]

adj.

明显的;显著的

作为惩罚对象的;受敌视的

a marked man

成为敌人攻击目标的人

markedly

[D.J.:ˈm ɑ:kɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈm ɑrkɪdlɪ]

adv.

显著地

引人注目地

marking

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:kɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrkɪŋ]

n.

标记;记号;斑点

markings

[ˈmɑ:kiŋz]

n.

成交量和价格记录

mark ****

1. mark marks
A mark is a small area of something such as dirt that has accidentally got onto a surface or piece of clothing.

- The dogs are always rubbing against the wall and making dirty marks.

- A properly fitting bra should never leave red marks.

N-COUNT

2. mark marks marking marked
If something marks a surface, or if the surface marks , the surface is damaged by marks or a mark.

- Leather overshoes were put on the horses' hooves to stop them marking the turf.

- I have to be more careful with the work tops, as wood marks easily.

V-ERG

3. mark marks
A mark is a written or printed symbol, for example a letter of the alphabet.

- He made marks with a pencil.

N-COUNT

4. mark marks marking marked
If you mark something with a particular word or symbol, you write that word or symbol on it.

- The bank marks the check `certified'.

- Mark the frame with your postcode.

- For more details about these products, send a postcard marked HB/FF.

VB

5. mark marks
A mark is a point that is given for a correct answer or for doing something well in an exam or competition. A mark can also be a written symbol such as a letter that indicates how good a student's or competitor's work or performance is.

- ...a simple scoring device of marks out of 10, where `1' equates to `Very poor performance'...

- Candidates who answered `b' could be awarded half marks for demonstrating some understanding of the process.

- He did well to get such a good mark.

N-COUNT: oft supp N
= score

6. mark marks
If someone gets good or high marks for doing something, they have done it well. If they get poor or low marks , they have done it badly.

- You have to give her top marks for moral guts.

- His administration has earned low marks for its economic policies.

N-PLURAL: supp N

7. mark marks marking marked
When a teacher marks a student's work, the teacher decides how good it is and writes a number or letter on it to indicate this opinion.

- He was marking essays in his small study.

VB

8. marking

- For the rest of the lunchbreak I do my marking.

N-UNCOUNT

9. mark marks
A particular mark is a particular number, point, or stage which has been reached or might be reached, especially a significant one.

- Unemployment is rapidly approaching the one million mark.

N-COUNT: usu the supp N

10. mark marks
The mark of something is the characteristic feature that enables you to recognize it.

- The mark of a civilized society is that it looks after its weakest members.

N-COUNT: N of n/-ing
= sign

11. mark
If you say that a type of behaviour or an event is a mark of a particular quality, feeling, or situation, you mean it shows that that quality, feeling, or situation exists.

- It was a mark of his unfamiliarity with Hollywood that he didn't understand that an agent was paid out of his client's share.

- Shopkeepers closed their shutters as a mark of respect.

N-SING: a N of n
= indication sign

12. mark marks marking marked
If something marks a place or position, it shows where something else is or where it used to be.

- A huge crater marks the spot where the explosion happened.

- ...the river which marks the border with Thailand.

VB

13. mark marks marking marked
An event that marks a particular stage or point is a sign that something different is about to happen.

- The announcement marks the end of an extraordinary period in European history.

- That programme received critical acclaim and marked a turning point in Sonita's career.

VB

14. mark marks marking marked
If you do something to mark an event or occasion, you do it to show that you are aware of the importance of the event or occasion.

- The four new stamps mark the 100th anniversary of the British Astronomical Association.

- Hundreds of thousands of people took to the streets to mark the occasion.

VB

15. mark marks marking marked
If a particular quality or feature marks something, it is a quality or feature which that thing typically has.

- Tragedy has marked Wilmette's life.

- The style is marked by simplicity, clarity, and candor.

VB

16. mark marks marking marked
Something that marks someone as a particular type of person indicates that they are that type of person.

- Her opposition to abortion and feminism mark her as a convinced traditionalist.

VB

17. mark marks marking marked
In a team game, when a defender is marking an attacker, they are trying to stay close to the attacker and prevent them from getting the ball. (mainly BRIT; in AM use guard or cover )

- ...Aston Villa defender Kent Nielsen, who so effectively marked Gary Lineker.

VB

18. marking

- They had stopped Ecuador from building up attacks with good marking.

N-UNCOUNT

19. mark marks
The mark is the unit of money that is used in Germany.

- The government gave 30 million marks for new school books.

N-COUNT: usu num N

20. mark
The mark is also used to refer to the German currency system.

- Since the beginning of May, the mark has appreciated 12 per cent against the dollar.

N-SING: the N

21. mark
Mark is used before a number to indicate a particular temperature level in a gas oven. (BRIT)

- Set the oven at gas mark 4.

N-UNCOUNT: N num

22. mark
Mark is used before a number to indicate a particular version or model of a vehicle, machine, or device.

- ...his Mark II Ford Cortina.

N-UNCOUNT: N num

23. mark
If someone or something leaves their mark or leaves a mark , they have a lasting effect on another person or thing.

- Years of conditioning had left their mark on her, and she never felt inclined to talk to strange men.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR on n

24. mark
If you make your mark or make a mark , you become noticed or famous by doing something impressive or unusual.

- She made her mark in the film industry in the 1960s.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR on/in n

25. mark
If you are quick off the mark , you are quick to understand or respond to something. If you are slow off the mark , you are slow to understand or respond to something.
PHR: usu v-link PHR

26. mark
On your marks in British English, or on your mark in American English, is a command given to runners at the beginning of a race in order to get them into the correct position to start.

- On your marks -- get set -- go!

CONVENTION

27. mark
If something is off the mark , it is inaccurate or incorrect. If it is on the mark , it is accurate or correct.

- Robinson didn't think the story was so far off the mark.

- He's right on the mark about movies being out of step with American culture.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

28. mark
If something is up to the mark , it is good enough.

- The workers get rid of those whose work is not up to the mark.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
= up to scratch

29. mark
If something such as a claim or estimate is wide of the mark , it is incorrect or inaccurate.

- That comparison isn't as wide of the mark as it seems.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

30. mark
You can say mark you to emphasize and draw attention to something you have just said. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- We're not extremists, mark you.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis
= mind you

marked ***

1. marked
A marked change or difference is very obvious and easily noticed.

- There has been a marked increase in crimes against property.

- He was a man of austere habits, in marked contrast to his more flamboyant wife.

- The trends since the 1950s have become even more marked.

ADJ-GRADED
= noticeable

2. markedly

- America's current economic downturn is markedly different from previous recessions.

- The quality of their relationship improved markedly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v
= noticeably

3. marked
If you describe someone as a marked man or woman, you mean that they are in danger from someone who wants to harm or kill them.

- All he needs to do is make one phone call and I'm a marked man.

ADJ: ADJ n

marking *

marking markings
Markings are coloured lines, shapes, or patterns on the surface of something, which help to identify it.

- A plane with Danish markings was over-flying his vessel.

- The animal may have some white markings.

N-COUNT: usu pl
See also mark .

mark

noun

1.

spot

blemish

blot

line

scar

scratch

smudge

stain

streak

2.

sign

badge

device

emblem

flag

hallmark

label

symbol

token

3.

criterion

measure

norm

standard

yardstick

4.

target

aim

goal

object

objective

purpose

verb

5.

scar

blemish

blot

scratch

smudge

stain

streak

6.

characterize

brand

flag

identify

label

stamp

7.

distinguish

denote

exemplify

illustrate

show

8.

observe

attend

mind

note

notice

pay attention

pay heed

watch

9.

grade

appraise

assess

correct

evaluate

marked

adjective

noticeable

blatant

clear

conspicuous

decided

distinct

obvious

patent

prominent

pronounced

striking

markedly

adverb

noticeably

clearly

considerably

conspicuously

decidedly

distinctly

obviously

strikingly

mark down ****

1. mark down marks down; marking down; marked down
If you mark something down , you write it down.

- I tend to forget things unless I mark them down.

- As he marks down the prices, he stops now and then to pack things into a large bag.

PHR-V

2. mark down marks down; marking down; marked down
If you mark someone down as a particular type of person, especially a type that you do not like, you consider that they have the qualities which make them that type of person.

- If he'd taken that five pounds, I would have marked him down as a greedy fool.

- In those days if you asked `why?' about anything you were marked down as a militant.

PHR-V

3. mark down marks down; marking down; marked down
To mark an item down or mark its price down means to reduce its price.

- A toy store has marked down the Sonic Hedgehog computer game.

- Retailers will have to mark down prices sharply to bring in sales.

- Clothes are the best bargain, with many items marked down.

PHR-V
= reduce ≠ mark up

4. mark down marks down; marking down; marked down
If a teacher marks a student down , the teacher puts a lower grade on the student's work because of a mistake that has been made.

- If he'd marked them down when I thought they were good, then I would argue the case.

PHR-V

mark off ****

1. mark off marks off; marking off; marked off
If you mark off a piece or length of something, you make it separate, for example by putting a line on it or around it.

- He used a rope to mark off the circle.

- Read the text through and mark off the sections you find particularly applicable.

PHR-V

2. mark off marks off; marking off; marked off
If a particular quality or feature marks someone or something off from other people or things, it is unusual and makes them obviously different.

- Her clothes, of course, marked her off from a great number of the delegates at the conference.

- The traditionalist influences within the navy marked it off as a rather old-fashioned institution.

PHR-V

3. mark off marks off; marking off; marked off
If you mark off a date on a calendar or an item on a list, you put a line through it or next to it, in order to show that it has been completed or dealt with.

- He marked off the days on a calendar.

- Miss Hoare called out names and marked them off.

PHR-V

mark out ****

1. mark out marks out; marking out; marked out
To mark out an area or shape means to show where it begins and ends.

- When planting seedlings I prefer to mark out the rows in advance.

PHR-V

2. mark out marks out; marking out; marked out
If a particular quality or feature marks someone or something out , it makes them obviously different from other people or things.

- There were several things about that evening that marked it out as very unusual.

- It does not appear to possess any of the obvious signs that would mark it out as a restaurant.

- Her independence of spirit marked her out from her male fellow officers.

PHR-V

mark up ****

mark up marks up; marking up; marked up
If you mark something up , you increase its price.

- You can sell it to them at a set wholesale price, allowing them to mark it up for retail.

- A typical warehouse club marks up its goods by only 10 to 15 percent.

PHR-V
= increase ≠ mark down

See also mark-up .

markdown

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:kˌdaʊn]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrkˌdaʊn]

n.

减价

markdown

markdown markdowns
A markdown is a reduction in the price of something.

- Customers know that our stocktake sales offer genuine markdowns across the store.

N-COUNT

marker

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:kə]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrkɚ]

n.

标志;标记

加标记装置;彩笔

marker *

1. marker markers
A marker is an object which is used to show the position of something, or is used to help someone remember something.

- He put a marker in his book and followed her out.

- ...lines of weathered stone markers sticking up from the desert.

N-COUNT

2. marker markers
If you refer to something as a marker for a particular quality or feature, you mean that it demonstrates the existence or presence of that quality or feature.

- Vitamin C is a good marker for the presence of other vitamins and nutrients in frozen food.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

3. marker markers
A marker or a marker pen is a pen with a thick tip made of felt, which is used for drawing and for colouring things.

- Draw your child's outline with a heavy black marker or crayon.

N-COUNT

market

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:kit]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrkɪt]

n.

市集, 市场

交易情况, 行情

需求; 销路

行销地区

vt.

在市场上出售某物

推销

vi.

〈美〉去市场买东西

marketing

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:kɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrkɪtɪŋ]

n.

销售,经销

market *****

1. market markets
A market is a place where goods are bought and sold, usually outdoors.

- He sold boots on a market stall.

N-COUNT

2. market markets
The market for a particular type of thing is the number of people who want to buy it, or the area of the world in which it is sold.

- The foreign market was increasingly crucial.

- ...the Russian market for personal computers...

- But there is no youth market in cars.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp, oft N for/in n

3. market
The market refers to the total amount of a product that is sold each year, especially when you are talking about the competition between the companies who sell that product.

- The two big companies control 72% of the market.

N-SING: the N

4. market
If you talk about a market economy, or the market price of something, you are referring to an economic system in which the prices of things depend on how many are available and how many people want to buy them, rather than prices being fixed by governments.

- Their ultimate aim was a market economy for Hungary.

- He must sell the house for the current market value.

- ...the market price of cocoa.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. market markets marketing marketed
To market a product means to organize its sale, by deciding on its price, where it should be sold, and how it should be advertised.

- ...if you marketed our music the way you market pop music...

- Touch-tone telephones have been marketed in America since 1963.

- ...if a soap is marketed as an anti-acne product.

VB

6. market
The job market or the labour market refers to the people who are looking for work and the jobs available for them to do.

- Every year, 250,000 people enter the job market.

- ...the changes in the labour market during the 1980s.

N-SING: the n N

7. market
The stock market is sometimes referred to as the market .

- The market collapsed last October.

N-SING: the N

8. market
If you say that it is a buyer's market , you mean that it is a good time to buy a particular thing, because there is a lot of it available, so its price is low. If you say that it is a seller's market , you mean that very little of it is available, so its price is high.

- Don't be afraid to haggle: for the moment, it's a buyer's market.

- Housing became a seller's market, and prices zoomed up.

PHR: v-link PHR

9. market
If you are in the market for something, you are interested in buying it.

- If you're in the market for a new radio, you'll see that the latest models are very different.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR n

10. market
If something is on the market , it is available for people to buy. If it comes onto the market , it becomes available for people to buy.

- ...putting more empty offices on the market.

- ...new medicines that have just come onto the market.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

11. market
If you price yourself out of the market , you try to sell goods or services at a higher price than other people, with the result that no one buys them from you.

- At £150,000 for a season, he really is pricing himself out of the market.

PHR: V inflects

marketing ***

marketing
Marketing is the organization of the sale of a product, for example, deciding on its price, the areas it should be supplied to, and how it should be advertised.

- ...expert advice on production and marketing.

- ...a marketing campaign.

- ...Renault's marketing department.

- ...their sales and marketing director.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

market

noun

1.

fair

bazaar

mart

verb

2.

sell

retail

vend

marketability

n.

可销售性

marketable

[ˈmɑ:kitəbl]

adj.

可卖的; 适合在市场出售的

marketable *

1. marketable
Something that is marketable is able to be sold because people want to buy it.

- What began as an attempt at artistic creation has turned into a marketable commodity.

- These are marketable skills and will allow these women to be professional therapists in their own right.

ADJ-GRADED

2. marketability

- ...a product that has sufficient marketability to enable them to recover their investment costs.

N-UNCOUNT

marketable

adjective

sought after

in demand

saleable

wanted

marketeer

[ˌmɑ:kiˈtiə]

n.

市场商人

marketeer *

marketeer marketeers
A marketeer is the same as a marketer .
N-COUNT
See also black marketeer , free-marketeer .

marketer

[ˈmɑ:kitə]

n.

市场商人

marketer *

marketer marketers
A marketer is someone whose job involves marketing.
N-COUNT

market forces *

market forces
When politicians and economists talk about market forces , they mean the economic factors that affect the availability of goods and the demand for them, without any help or control by governments.

- ...opening the economy to market forces and increasing the role of private enterprise.

- ...saying that the prices of most commodities should be determined by market forces.

N-PLURAL

market garden

market garden market gardens
A market garden is a small farm where vegetables and fruit are grown for sale. (mainly BRIT; in AM use truck farm )
N-COUNT

marketplace

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:kɪtˌpleɪs]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrkɪtˌples]

n.

市场;集市

商业界

marketplace *

1. marketplace marketplaces
The marketplace refers to the activity of buying and selling products.

- It's our hope that we will play an increasingly greater role in the marketplace and, therefore, supply more jobs.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing also market place .

2. marketplace marketplaces
A marketplace is a small area in a town or city where goods are bought and sold, often outdoors.

- The marketplace was jammed with a noisy crowd of buyers and sellers.

N-COUNT also market place .

market research *

market research
Market research is the activity of collecting and studying information about what people want, need, and buy.

- A new all-woman market research company has been set up to find out what women think about major news and issues.

N-UNCOUNT

market share **

market share market shares
A company's market share in a product is the proportion of the total sales of that product that is produced by that company. (TECHNICAL)

- Ford has been gaining market share this year at the expense of GM and some Japanese car manufacturers.

N-VAR: oft with poss

market test

1. market test market tests
If a company carries out a market test , it asks a group of people to try a new product or service and give their opinions on it.

- Results from market tests in the US and Europe show little enthusiasm for the product.

N-COUNT

2. market test market tests market testing market tested
If a new product or service is market tested , a group of people are asked to try it and then asked for their opinions on it.

- These nuts have been market tested and found to be most suited to the Australian palate.

- The company uses the simulator to market test new designs.

VB

3. market testing

- They learnt a lot from the initial market testing exercise.

N-UNCOUNT

market town

market town market towns
A market town is a town, especially in a country area, that has or used to have a market in it.
N-COUNT

marksman

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:ksmən]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrksmən]

n.

神枪手

marksman *

1. marksman marksmen
A marksman is a person who can shoot very accurately.

- He was hit in the head and arm when police marksmen opened fire.

N-COUNT

2. marksman marksmen
In sports journalism, a marksman is a football player who scores a lot of goals. (BRIT)

- City's principal marksman was Joe Harvey who scored seventeen goals.

N-COUNT

marksman markswoman

noun

sharpshooter

crack shot informal

good shot

marksmanship

[ˈmɑ:ksmənʃip]

n.

枪法,射击术

marksmanship

marksmanship
Marksmanship is the ability to shoot accurately.
N-UNCOUNT

mark-up

mark-up mark-ups
A mark-up is an increase in the price of something, for example the difference between its cost and the price that it is sold for.
N-COUNT (AM) also markup

marmalade

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:məˌleɪd]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrməˌled]

n.

果子酱;果酱

marmalade *

marmalade marmalades
Marmalade is a food made from oranges, lemons, or grapefruit that is similar to jam. It is eaten on bread or toast at breakfast.
N-MASS

marmoset

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:məzet]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrməˌsɛt, -ˌzɛt]

n.

绒(美洲产小型长尾猴)

marmoset

marmoset marmosets
A marmoset is a type of small monkey.
N-COUNT

maroon

[D.J.:məˈru:n]

[K.K.:məˈrun]

n.

褐紫色的

vt.

把...放逐到孤岛; (因洪水等)使孤立

vi.

从奴役下逃亡; 闲荡

maroon *

1. maroon maroons
Something that is maroon is dark reddish-purple in colour.

- ...maroon velvet curtains.

COLOUR

2. maroon maroons marooning marooned
If someone is marooned somewhere, they are left in a place that is difficult for them to escape from.

- Five couples were marooned in their caravans when the River Avon broke its banks.

- ...after years of being marooned on a desert island.

VB: usu passive
= stranded

marooned

marooned
If you say that you are marooned , you mean that you feel alone and helpless and you cannot escape from the place or situation you are in.

- ...families marooned in decaying inner-city areas.

- ...temporarily marooned at home by my injured knee.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ prep
= isolated

maroon

verb

abandon

desert

leave

leave high and dry informal

strand

marque

[mɑ:k]

n.

(尤指汽车的)商品型号

marque *

marque marques
A marque is the name of a famous company that makes motor vehicles, or the vehicles it produces.

- ...a marque long-associated with motor racing success, Alfa Romeo.

N-COUNT

marquee

[D.J.:mɑ:ˈki:]

[K.K.:mɑrˈki]

n.

(用来进行户外公共活动的)大帐篷

marquee *

1. marquee marquees
A marquee is a large tent which is used at a fair, garden party, or other outdoor event, usually for eating and drinking in.
N-COUNT

2. marquee marquees
A marquee is a cover over the entrance of a building, for example a hotel or a theatre. (AM)

- ...the marquees of Broadway.

N-COUNT

marquis

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:kwɪs, mɑ:ˈki:]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrkwɪs, mɑrˈki]

n.

侯爵

marquis *

marquis
A marquis is a male member of the nobility who has a rank between duke and earl.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE also marquess .

marriage

[D.J.:ˈmæridʒ]

[K.K.:ˈmærɪdʒ]

n.

结婚

婚姻状况

婚礼

marriage ****

1. marriage marriages
A marriage is the relationship between a husband and wife.

- In a good marriage, both husband and wife work hard to solve any problems that arise.

- When I was 35 my marriage broke up.

- His son by his second marriage lives in Paris.

N-COUNT

2. marriage marriages
A marriage is the act of marrying someone, or the ceremony at which this is done.

- I opposed her marriage to Darryl.

N-VAR

3. marriage
Marriage is the state of being married.

- Marriage might not suit you.

- In twenty years of marriage he has only taken two proper vacations.

N-UNCOUNT

marriage

noun

wedding

match

matrimony

nuptials

wedlock

marriageable

[D.J.:ˈmærɪdʒəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈmærɪdʒəbəl]

adj.

适合结婚的

marriageable

marriageable
If you describe someone as marriageable , you mean that they are suitable for marriage, especially that they are the right age to marry. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Even girls of marriageable age were often ignorant of the basic facts of life.

- ...a marriageable daughter.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= eligible

marriage guidance

marriage guidance
Marriage guidance is advice given to couples who are having problems in their relationship. (BRIT)

- If your marriage or relationship is in disrepair, enlist the help of a marriage guidance counsellor.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

married

[D.J.:ˈmærid]

[K.K.:ˈmærid]

adj.

已婚的

与…结为夫妻的

婚姻的

n.

〈非正〉已婚的年轻人

marry

[D.J.:ˈmæri]

[K.K.:ˈmæri]

vt. & vi.

(使)结婚, 娶, 嫁

结合

vt.

为…主持婚礼

marrying

合成

married ***

1. married
If you are married , you have a husband or wife.

- We have been married for 14 years.

- She is married to an Englishman.

- ...a married man with two children.

ADJ: oft ADJ to n

2. married
Married means relating to marriage or to people who are married.

- For the first ten years of our married life we lived in a farmhouse.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. married
If you say that someone is married to their work or another activity, you mean that they are very involved with it and have little interest in anything else.

- She was a very strict Christian who was married to her job.

- I have little time for women because I'm married to my cricket, so I'm leaving the arrangements to my sister.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n

marry ****

1. marry marries marrying married
When two people get married or marry , they legally become husband and wife in a special ceremony. Get married is less formal and more commonly used than marry .

- I thought he would change after we got married.

- They married a month after they met.

- He wants to marry her.

- Laura just got married to Jake and took it for granted that they and their kids would then live happily ever after.

- I am getting married on Monday.

- She ought to marry again, don't you think?

V-RECIP

2. marry marries marrying married
When a priest or official marries two people, he or she conducts the ceremony in which the two people legally become husband and wife.

- The local vicar has agreed to marry us in the chapel on the estate.

- In July 1957, we were married in New York.

VB

3. marry marries marrying married
If a parent marries their child to someone, the parent chooses who their child will marry and arranges it.

- He married his three daughters to princes of the ruling house.

VB

marry

verb

1.

wed

get hitched slang

tie the knot informal

2.

unite

ally

bond

join

knit

link

merge

unify

yoke

marrow

[D.J.:ˈmærəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈmæro]

n.

骨髓;脊髓;髓

chill sb to the marrow

吓坏某人

marrow *

1. marrow marrows
A marrow is a long, thick, green vegetable with soft white flesh that is eaten cooked. (BRIT; in AM use squash )
N-VAR

2. marrow
Marrow is the same as bone marrow .

- The marrow donor is her 14-month-old sister.

N-UNCOUNT

3. marrow
The marrow of something is the most important and basic part of it.

- We're getting into the marrow of the film.

N-SING: the N, usu N of n
= crux

4. marrow
If you say that you are chilled to the marrow , you are emphasizing that you are extremely cold or extremely frightened.

- When I got back at about ten a.m. I was frozen to the marrow.

- The very thought of it chilled me to the marrow.

PHR: usu PHR after v emphasis

marrow bone

marrow bone marrow bones
Marrow bones are the bones of certain animals, especially cows, that contain a lot of bone marrow. They are used in cooking and in dog food.

- Ask the butcher for soup bones (marrow bones are best).

- ...marrowbone jelly.

N-VAR also marrowbone .

marry off ****

marry off marries off; marrying off; married off
If you marry someone off , you find a suitable person for them to marry.

- They advised her mother to marry her off to the old man as he was very rich.

- He had the good fortune to marry off his daughter to the local chief.

- The poor are taking advantage of this edict to marry off their daughters without enormous expenditure while they can.

- Tradition dictates that girls should be married off early.

PHR-V

marsh

[mɑ:ʃ]

n.

沼泽, 湿地

marsh *

marsh marshes
A marsh is a wet, muddy area of land.
N-VAR
= bog

marsh

noun

swamp

bog

fen

morass

quagmire

slough

marshal

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:ʃəl]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrʃəl]

n.

元帅, 最高指挥官

典礼官, 司仪

执法官, 警察局长; 消防局长

vt.

整理, 排列, 集结

marshalling

[ˈmɑ:ʃəliŋ]

adj.

编组的;集结待发的

n.

信号编集

marshal **

1. marshal marshals marshalling marshalled
If you marshal people or things, you gather them together and arrange them for a particular purpose.

- Richard was marshalling the doctors and nurses, showing them where to go.

- ...the way in which Britain marshalled its economic and political resources to protect its security interests.

VB (AM) marshaling , marshaled
= organize

2. marshal marshals
A marshal is an official who helps to supervise a public event, especially a sports event.

- The grand prix is controlled by well-trained marshals.

- During the demonstration, marshals handed over to the police a young man caught breaking shop windows.

N-COUNT

3. marshal marshals
In the United States and some other countries, a marshal is a police officer, often one who is responsible for a particular area.

- A federal marshal was killed in a shoot-out.

N-COUNT

4. marshal marshals
A marshal is an officer in a fire department. (AM)

- She was ordered out of her home by a fire marshal because the house next door had an explosion from a leaking gas main.

N-COUNT

5. marshal
In Britain and some other countries, a marshal is an officer who has the highest rank in an army or air force.

- ...Air Chief Marshal Sir Kenneth Cross.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

marshal

verb

1.

arrange

align

array

deploy

draw up

group

line up

order

organize

2.

conduct

escort

guide

lead

shepherd

usher

marshland

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:ʃˌlænd]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrʃˌlænd]

n.

沼泽地

marshland

marshland
Marshland is land with a lot of wet, muddy areas.
N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

marshmallow

[D.J.:mɑ:ʃˈmæləu]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrʃˌmɛlo, -ˌmælo]

n.

药属葵,药属葵蜜饯

marshmallow

1. marshmallow
Marshmallow is a soft, sweet food that is used in some cakes, puddings, and sweets.
N-UNCOUNT

2. marshmallow marshmallows
Marshmallows are sweets made from marshmallow.

- ...a snack of marshmallows and chocolate.

N-COUNT

marshy

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:ʃi:]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrʃi]

adj.

沼泽的;多沼泽的；湿地的

marshy

marshy
Marshy land is always wet and muddy.

- ...the broad, marshy plain of the River Spey.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

marshy

adjective

swampy

boggy

quaggy

waterlogged

wet

marsupial

[D.J.:mɑ:ˈsu:pi:əl]

[K.K.:mɑrˈsupiəl]

n.

有袋目哺乳动物

adj.

有袋的,袋状的

marsupial

marsupial marsupials
A marsupial is an animal such as a kangaroo or an opossum. Female marsupials carry their babies in a pouch on their stomach.
N-COUNT

mart

[mɑ:t]

n.

市场; 贸易场所

mart

mart marts
A mart is a place such as a market where things are bought and sold. (AM)

- ...the flower mart.

N-COUNT: oft n N

martial

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:ʃəl]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrʃəl]

adj.

军队的; 军事的; 战争的

martial **

martial
Martial is used to describe things relating to soldiers or war. (FORMAL)

- The paper was actually twice banned under the martial regime.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
See also court-martial .

martial

adjective

military

bellicose

belligerent

warlike

martial art *

martial art martial arts
A martial art is one of the methods of fighting, often without weapons, that come from the Far East, for example kung fu, karate, or judo.
N-COUNT

martial law *

martial law
Martial law is control of an area by soldiers, not the police.

- The military leadership have lifted martial law in several more towns.

N-UNCOUNT

Martian

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:ʃiən]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrʃən]

n.

火星人

adj.

火星的

Martian

1. Martian Martians
A Martian is an imaginary creature from the planet Mars.

- Orson Welles managed to convince many Americans that they were being invaded by Martians.

N-COUNT

2. Martian
Something that is Martian exists on or relates to the planet Mars.

- The Martian atmosphere contains only tiny amounts of water.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

martin

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:tn]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrtn..]

n.

燕科小鸟(如岩燕、雨燕)

martin

martin martins
A martin is a kind of small bird with a forked tail.
N-COUNT

martinet

[D.J.:ˌmɑ:tnˈet]

[K.K.:ˌmɑrtn..ˈɛt]

n.

严格执行纪律的人

martinet

martinet martinets
If you say that someone is a martinet , you are criticizing them because they are very strict and demand that people obey their rules and orders. (FORMAL)

- He's a retired Lieutenant Colonel and a bit of a martinet.

N-COUNT disapproval
= disciplinarian

martinet

noun

disciplinarian

stickler

martyr

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:tə]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrtɚ]

n.

烈士;殉道者;殉教者

vt.

对坚持某种信仰者进行屠杀(或加以折磨)

martyr *

1. martyr martyrs
A martyr is someone who is killed or made to suffer greatly because of their religious or political beliefs, and is admired and respected by people who share those beliefs.

- ...a glorious martyr to the cause of liberty.

- ...a Christian martyr...

- The dead student is now being regarded as a martyr.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

2. martyr martyrs martyring martyred
If someone is martyred , they are killed or made to suffer greatly because of their religious or political beliefs.

- St Pancras was martyred in 304 AD.

- ...whether its martyred leader is released or not.

VB: usu passive

3. martyr martyrs
If you refer to someone as a martyr , you disapprove of the fact that they pretend to suffer, or exaggerate their suffering, in order to get sympathy or praise from other people.

- When are you going to quit acting like a martyr?.

- Jennifer responded with anger and played the martyr role.

N-COUNT disapproval

4. martyr martyrs
If you say that someone is a martyr to something, you mean that they suffer as a result of it.

- Ellsworth was a martyr to his sense of honour and responsibility.

- He said that he was a martyr to his back.

N-COUNT: usu N to n

martyred

martyred
If you describe a person or their behaviour as martyred , you mean that they often exaggerate their suffering in order to gain sympathy or praise. (LITERARY)

- `As usual,' muttered his martyred wife.

- You put on your martyred expression, sigh and say, `If you really want to...'.

- ...with a lot of sighs, moans and a martyred air.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval
= long-suffering

martyrdom

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:tədəm]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrtədəm]

n.

殉难; 殉道

martyrdom

1. martyrdom
If someone suffers martyrdom , they are killed or made to suffer greatly because of their religious or political beliefs.

- ...the martyrdom of Bishop Feliciano...

- He suffered martyrdom by stoning.

N-UNCOUNT

2. martyrdom
If you describe someone's behaviour as martyrdom , you are critical of them because they are exaggerating their suffering in order to gain sympathy or praise.

- The air of patient martyrdom with which she greeted him when he got back made her feelings clear.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

martyrdom

noun

persecution

ordeal

suffering

marvel

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:vəl]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrvəl]

n.

奇迹; 令人惊奇的事物(或事例)

vt. & vi.

惊奇; 对…感到惊奇

marvel *

1. marvel marvels marvelling marvelled
If you marvel at something, you express your great surprise, wonder, or admiration.

- Her fellow members marveled at her seemingly infinite energy.

- Sara and I read the story and marveled.

- `That's the weirdest thing I've ever seen,' marveled Carl.

- He marvelled that a man in such intense pain could be so coherent.

VB (AM) marveling , marveled

2. marvel marvels
You can describe something or someone as a marvel to indicate that you think that they are wonderful.

- The whale, like the dolphin, has become a symbol of the marvels of creation.

- A new technological marvel was invented at Cambridge University in England, the scanning electron microscope.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= wonder

3. marvel marvels
Marvels are things that people have done, or that have happened, which are very unexpected or surprising.

- She almost died, but the hospital's skill achieved great marvels.

- He's done marvels with the team.

- It was a marvel that the floor never gave way.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= wonders

marvel

verb

1.

wonder

be amazed

be awed

gape

noun

2.

wonder

miracle

phenomenon

portent

prodigy

marvellous

[ˈmɑ:viləs]

adj.

不可思议的, 惊奇的, 奇妙的

〈口〉极好的, 绝妙的

marvellously

[D.J.:ˈm ɑ:vələslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈm ɑrvləslɪ]

adv.

绝妙地;惊奇地;不可思议地

marvellous **

1. marvellous
If you describe someone or something as marvellous , you are emphasizing that they are very good.

- He certainly is a marvellous actor.

- She made marvellous fish pie.

- He looked marvellous.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) marvelous
= splendid

2. marvellously

- He always painted marvellously.

- Isabel gave me a marvellously funny birthday card.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj/adv

marvellous

adjective

1.

amazing

astonishing

astounding

breathtaking

brilliant

extraordinary

miraculous

phenomenal

prodigious

spectacular

stupendous

2.

excellent

fabulous informal

fantastic informal

great informal

splendid

superb

terrific informal

wonderful

Marxism

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:kˌsɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrkˌsɪzəm]

n.

马克思主义

Marxism *

Marxism
Marxism is a political philosophy based on the writings of Karl Marx which stresses the importance of the struggle between different social classes.
N-UNCOUNT

Marxist

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:ksist]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrksɪst]

n.

马克思主义者

Marxist **

1. Marxist
Marxist means based on Marxism or relating to Marxism.

- ...a Marxist state.

- ...Marxist ideology.

ADJ

2. Marxist Marxists
A Marxist is a person who believes in Marxism or who is a member of a Marxist party.
N-COUNT

marzipan

[D.J.:ˌmɑ:ziˈpæn]

[K.K.:ˈmɑrzəˌpæn, ˈmɑrtsəˌpɑn]

n.

杏仁蛋白软糖

marzipan

marzipan
Marzipan is a paste made of almonds, sugar, and egg which is sometimes put on top of cakes.
N-UNCOUNT

masc.

masc.
Masc. is a written abbreviation of masculine .

mascara

[D.J.:mæsˈkɑ:rə]

[K.K.:mæˈskærə]

n.

染眉毛油

vi.

涂染眉毛油

mascara *

mascara mascaras
Mascara is a substance used as make-up to make eyelashes darker.

- ...water-resistant mascaras.

N-MASS

mascarpone

[D.J.:ˌmæskɑ:ˈpəuni]

[K.K.:ˌmɑskɑrˈponɛ, -ˈpon]

n.

〈意〉马斯卡普尼干酪(一种牛奶软干酪)

mascarpone

mascarpone
Mascarpone is a soft white cheese traditionally made in Italy. It is used to make desserts.
N-UNCOUNT

mascot

[D.J.:ˈmæsˌkɔt, -kət]

[K.K.:ˈmæsˌkɑt, -kət]

n.

吉祥物

mascot *

mascot mascots
A mascot is an animal, toy, or symbol which is associated with a particular organization or event, and which is thought to bring good luck.

- Our school had a mascot known as Freddy Bird.

- ...the official mascot of the Barcelona Games.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

masculine

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:skjulin]

[K.K.:ˈmæskjəlɪn]

adj.

男性的, 男子的, 男子气的

阳性的

masculine *

1. masculine
Masculine qualities and things relate to or are considered typical of men, in contrast to women.

- ...masculine characteristics like a husky voice and facial hair...

- Perhaps some kind of masculine pride was involved.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= male

2. masculine
If you say that someone or something is masculine , you mean that they have qualities such as strength or confidence which are considered typical of men.

- ...her aggressive, masculine image...

- The Duke's study was very masculine, with deep red wall-covering and dark oak shelving.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ feminine

3. masculine
In some languages, a masculine noun, pronoun, or adjective has a different form from a feminine or neuter one, or behaves in a different way.
ADJ

masculine

adjective

male

manlike

manly

mannish

virile

masculinity

[D.J.:ˌmæskjəˈlɪnɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌmæskjəˈlinɪti]

n.

男性；男子气

masculinity *

1. masculinity
A man's masculinity is the fact that he is a man.

- ...a project on the link between masculinity and violence.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ femininity

2. masculinity
Masculinity means the qualities, especially sexual qualities, which are considered to be typical of men.

- The old ideas of masculinity do not work for most men.

- ...being unable to prove his masculinity to society by getting his partner pregnant.

N-UNCOUNT
= manhood ≠ femininity

masculinize

[D.J.:ˈmæskjuliˌnaiz]

[K.K.:ˈmæskjələˌnaɪz]

vt.

使男子化(尤指使女人具有男子特征);使(雌性)雄性化

masculinize

masculinize masculinizes masculinizing masculinized
To masculinize something means to make it into something that involves mainly men or is thought suitable for or typical of men. (FORMAL)

- Not all plantation work has been masculinized.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also masculinise

mash

[D.J.:mæʃ]

[K.K.:mæʃ]

vt.

把…捣成泥;压碎

n.

(水、谷物等混合而成的)糊状物

mashes

麦芽浆

mashing

[ˈmæʃiŋ]

n.

捣碎

mash *

1. mash mashes mashing mashed
If you mash food that is solid but soft, you crush it so that it forms a soft mass.

- Mash the bananas with a fork.

- ...mashed potatoes.

VB

2. mash
Mash is mashed potato. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

3. mash
A mash of food is a soft mass of food. It is often a mixture of several ingredients.

- They ate a mash of 2 potatoes, 2 carrots & cabbage.

- I'm feeding our horses the same mash the O'Briens used to win Gold Cups.

N-SING: usu N of n

mask

[D.J.:mɑ:sk]

[K.K.:mæsk]

n.

面具, 面罩

用作掩饰的事物; 掩饰; 伪装

vt.

用面具遮住; 掩盖, 掩饰

masked

[mɑ:skt]

v.

伪装

adj.

戴面具的

masking

[ˈmɑ:skiŋ]

n.

化装

mask ***

1. mask masks
A mask is a piece of cloth or other material, which you wear over your face so that people cannot see who you are, or so that you look like someone or something else.

- The gunman, whose mask had slipped, fled.

- ...actors wearing masks.

N-COUNT

2. mask masks
A mask is a piece of cloth or other material that you wear over all or part of your face to protect you from germs or harmful substances.

- You must wear goggles and a mask that will protect you against the fumes.

- She wore a surgical mask and rubber gloves while she worked with the samples.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

3. mask masks
If you describe someone's behaviour as a mask , you mean that they do not show their real feelings or character.

- His mask of detachment cracked, and she saw for an instant an angry and violent man.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= front

4. mask masks
A mask is a thick cream or paste made of various substances, which you spread over your face and leave for some time in order to improve your skin.

- This mask leaves your complexion feeling soft and supple.

N-COUNT
= face pack

5. mask masks masking masked
If you mask your feelings, you deliberately do not show them in your behaviour, so that people cannot know what you really feel.

- Dena lit a cigarette, trying to mask her agitation.

VB
= conceal hide

6. mask masks masking masked
If one thing masks another, it prevents people from noticing or recognizing the other thing.

- A thick grey cloud masked the sun.

- Too much salt masks the true flavour of the food.

- The healthy trade figures mask a much gloomier picture.

VB

masked *

masked
If someone is masked , they are wearing a mask.

- Masked youths threw stones and fire-bombs.

ADJ

mask

noun

1.

disguise

camouflage

cover

fa¸cade

front

guise

screen

veil

verb

2.

disguise

camouflage

cloak

conceal

cover

hide

obscure

screen

veil

masking tape

masking tape
Masking tape is plastic or paper tape which is sticky on one side and is used, for example, to protect part of a surface that you are painting.
N-UNCOUNT

masochism

[D.J.:ˈmæzəkizəm]

[K.K.:ˈmæsəˌkɪzəm]

n.

性受虐狂,受虐色情狂,受虐狂

masochist

[ˈmæsəukist]

n.

性受虐狂者,受虐狂者

masochism *

1. masochism
Masochism is behaviour in which someone gets sexual pleasure from their own pain or suffering.

- The tendency towards masochism is however always linked with elements of sadism.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ sadism

2. masochist masochists

- ...consensual sexual masochists.

N-COUNT

3. masochism
If you describe someone's behaviour as masochism , you mean that they seem to be trying to get into a situation which causes them suffering or great difficulty.

- Once you have tasted life in southern California, it takes a peculiar kind of masochism to return to a British winter.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ sadism

4. masochist

- Anybody who enjoys this is a masochist.

N-COUNT

masochistic

1. masochistic
Masochistic behaviour involves a person getting sexual pleasure from their own pain or suffering.

- ...his masochistic tendencies.

ADJ
≠ sadistic

2. masochistic
If you describe someone's behaviour as masochistic , you mean that they seem to be trying to get into a situation which causes them suffering or great difficulty.

- It seems masochistic, somehow.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ sadistic

mason

[D.J.:ˈmeɪsən]

[K.K.:ˈmesən]

n.

石匠, 砖瓦匠

mason *

1. mason masons
A mason is a person who is skilled at making things or building things with stone. In American English, masons are people who work with stone or bricks.
N-COUNT

2. mason masons
A Mason is the same as a Freemason .
N-COUNT

Masonic

Masonic
Masonic is used to describe things relating to the organization of Freemasons.

- ...a Masonic lodge on Broughton Street.

ADJ: ADJ n

masonry

[D.J.:ˈmeɪsənri:]

[K.K.:ˈmesənri]

n.

石工工程;砖瓦工工程

masonry

masonry
Masonry is bricks or pieces of stone which have been stuck together with cement as part of a wall or building.
N-UNCOUNT

masquerade

[D.J.:ˌmæskəˈreɪd]

[K.K.:ˌmæskəˈred]

n.

化装舞会

伪装物;掩饰

vi.

假装(是), 冒充

masquerade as

假扮；乔装；伪装

masquerade *

1. masquerade masquerades masquerading masqueraded
To masquerade as someone or something means to pretend to be that person or thing, particularly in order to deceive other people.

- He masqueraded as a doctor and fooled everyone.

- ...vices masquerading as virtues.

VB
= pretend

2. masquerade masquerades
A masquerade is an attempt to deceive people about the true nature or identity of something.

- He told a news conference that the elections would be a masquerade.

N-COUNT
= pretence

3. masquerade masquerades
A masquerade is an event such as a party or dance where people dress up in disguise and wear masks.

- ...a masquerade ball.

N-COUNT

masquerade

noun

1.

masked ball

fancy dress party

revel

2.

pretence

cloak

cover-up

deception

disguise

mask

pose

screen

subterfuge

verb

3.

pose

disguise

dissemble

dissimulate

impersonate

pass oneself off

pretend (to be)

mass

[D.J.:mæs]

[K.K.:mæs]

n.

团, 块, 堆

大量, 大批; 众多

群众

质量

vt. & vi.

(使)集中; 聚集

adj.

许多的, 大规模的, 群众的

mass ****

1. mass
A mass of things is a large number of them grouped together.

- On his desk is a mass of books and papers.

N-SING: N of n

2. mass
A mass of something is a large amount of it.

- She had a mass of auburn hair.

N-SING: N of n

3. mass
Masses of something means a great deal of it. (INFORMAL)

- There's masses of work for her to do.

- It has masses of flowers each year.

QUANT: QUANT of n-uncount/pl-n

4. mass
Mass is used to describe something which involves or affects a very large number of people.

- ...ideas on combating mass unemployment...

- All the lights went off, and mass hysteria broke out.

- ...weapons of mass destruction.

- ...the harm caused by mass tourism.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. mass masses
A mass of a solid substance, a liquid, or a gas is an amount of it, especially a large amount which has no definite shape.

- ...before it cools and sets into a solid mass...

- The fourteenth century cathedral was reduced to a mass of rubble.

- ...the strong temperature difference between the two masses of air.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

6. mass masses
If you talk about the masses , you mean the ordinary people in society, in contrast to the leaders or the highly educated people.

- His music is commercial. It is aimed at the masses.

- This issue has aroused much resentment among the masses.

- ...appealing to the middle class and business as well as the masses.

N-PLURAL: the N

7. mass
The mass of people are most of the people in a country, society, or group.

- The 1939-45 world war involved the mass of the population.

- Schools allowed the mass of children to leave school at 16 with poor qualifications.

N-SING: the N of n
= bulk majority

8. mass masses
A mass of people is a large crowd of them.

- ...masses of excited people clogged the streets.

- ...a mass of grinning teenage faces.

N-COUNT: N of n

9. mass masses massing massed
When people or things mass , or when you mass them, they gather together into a large crowd or group.

- Shortly after the workers went on strike, police began to mass at the shipyard.

- The clouds massed, whipped up by the wind.

- The General was massing his troops for a counterattack.

V-ERG
= gather

10. mass
If you say that something is a mass of things, you mean that it is covered with them or full of them.

- His body was a mass of sores.

- In the spring, the meadow is a mass of daffodils.

N-SING: N of n

11. mass masses
In physics, the mass of an object is the amount of physical matter that it has. (TECHNICAL)

- Astronomers know that Pluto and Triton have nearly the same size, mass, and density.

N-VAR

12. mass masses
Mass is a Christian church ceremony, especially in a Roman Catholic or Orthodox church, during which people eat bread and drink wine in order to remember the last meal of Jesus Christ.

- She attended a convent school and went to Mass each day.

N-VAR

13. mass masses
A Mass is a piece of music which uses the prayers from the Christian ceremony of Mass as the words that are sung.
N-COUNT

massed

massed
Massed is used to describe a large number of people who have been brought together for a particular purpose.

- He could not escape the massed ranks of newsmen who spotted him crossing the lawn.

ADJ: ADJ n

mass

noun

1.

piece

block

chunk

hunk

lump

2.

lot

bunch

collection

heap

load

pile

quantity

stack

3.

size

bulk

greatness

magnitude

adjective

4.

large-scale

extensive

general

indiscriminate

wholesale

widespread

verb

5.

gather

accumulate

assemble

collect

congregate

rally

swarm

throng

massacre

[D.J.:ˈmæsəkə]

[K.K.:ˈmæsəkɚ]

n.

大屠杀

〈口〉惨败

vt.

大屠杀

〈口〉彻底击败

massacre **

1. massacre massacres
A massacre is the killing of a large number of people at the same time in a violent and cruel way.

- Maria lost her 62-year-old mother in the massacre.

- ...reports of massacre, torture and starvation.

N-VAR

2. massacre massacres massacring massacred
If people are massacred , a large number of them are attacked and killed in a violent and cruel way.

- 300 civilians are believed to have been massacred by the rebels.

- Troops indiscriminately massacred the defenceless population.

VB

massacre

noun

1.

slaughter

annihilation

blood bath

butchery

carnage

extermination

holocaust

murder

verb

2.

slaughter

butcher

cut to pieces

exterminate

kill

mow down

murder

wipe out

massage

[D.J.:ˈmæsɑ:ʒ]

[K.K.:məˈsɑʒ, -ˈsɑdʒ]

n.

按摩, 推拿

massage **

1. massage massages
Massage is the action of squeezing and rubbing someone's body, as a way of making them relax or reducing their pain.

- Alex asked me if I wanted a massage.

- Massage isn't a long-term cure for stress.

N-VAR

2. massage massages massaging massaged
If you massage someone or a part of their body, you squeeze and rub their body, in order to make them relax or reduce their pain.

- She continued massaging her right foot, which was bruised and aching.

- ...if you wish to massage your family and friends yourself.

VB

3. massage massages massaging massaged
If you say that someone massages statistics, figures, or evidence, you are criticizing them for changing or presenting the facts in a way that misleads people.

- Their governments have no reason to `massage' the statistics.

- ...efforts to massage the unemployment figures for electoral purposes.

VB disapproval
= doctor

massage

noun

1.

rub-down

manipulation

verb

2.

rub down

knead

manipulate

massage parlour

massage parlour massage parlours
A massage parlour is a place where people go and pay for a massage. Some places that are called massage parlours are in fact places where people pay to have sex.
N-COUNT (AM) massage parlor

masseur

[D.J.:mæˈsɜ:, mə-]

[K.K.:mæˈsə.., mə-]

n.

男按摩师

masseur

masseur masseurs
A masseur is a person whose job is to give massage.
N-COUNT

masseuse

[D.J.:mæˈsə:z]

[K.K.:mæˈsɚz]

n.

女按摩师

masseuse

masseuse masseuses
A masseuse is a woman whose job is to give massage.
N-COUNT

massif

[D.J.:ˈmæsi:f]

[K.K.:mæˈsif]

n.

山丘

massif

massif massifs
A massif is a group of mountains that form part of a mountain range.
N-COUNT: oft in names

massive

[D.J.:ˈmæsiv]

[K.K.:ˈmæsɪv]

adj.

大而重的, 大块的

可观的, 巨大的, 大量的

massive ***

1. massive
Something that is massive is very large in size, quantity, or extent.

- There was evidence of massive fraud.

- ...massive air attacks...

- The scale of the problem is massive.

- ...a massive steam boat.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= huge

2. massively

- ...a massively popular game...

- Interest rates will rise massively.

ADV-GRADED

3. massive
If you describe a medical condition as massive , you mean that it is extremely serious.

- He died six weeks later of a massive heart attack.

ADJ: ADJ n

massive

adjective

huge

big

colossal

enormous

gigantic

hefty

immense

mammoth

monumental

whopping informal

mass media *

mass media
You can use mass media to refer to the various ways, especially television, radio, newspapers, and magazines, by which information and news is given to large numbers of people.

- ...the development of the mass media.

- ...mass media coverage of the issue.

N-SING-COLL: usu the N

mass murder

mass murder mass murders
Mass murder is the deliberate illegal killing of a large number of people by a person or an organization.
N-VAR

mass murderer

mass murderer mass murderers
A mass murderer is someone who deliberately kills a large number of people illegally.
N-COUNT

mass noun

1. mass noun mass nouns
A mass noun is a noun such as `wine' which is usually uncount but is used with `a' or `an' or used in the plural when it refers to types of that substance, as in `a range of Australian wines'.
N-COUNT

2. mass noun mass nouns
In some descriptions of grammar, a mass noun is the same as an uncount noun .
N-COUNT

mass-produce

vt.

大量生产

mass-produced

adj.

大量生产的

mass-produce *

1. mass-produce mass-produces mass-producing mass-produced
If someone mass-produces something, they make it in large quantities, usually by machine. This means that the product can be sold cheaply.

- ...the invention of machinery to mass-produce footwear.

VB

2. mass-produced

- In 1981 it launched the first mass-produced mountain bike.

ADJ: ADJ n

mass production

mass production
Mass production is the production of something in large quantities, especially by machine.

- ...equipment that would allow the mass production of baby food.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n also mass-production .

mast

[D.J.:mɑ:st]

[K.K.:mæst]

n.

船桅, 桅杆; 旗杆

mast *

1. mast masts
The masts of a boat are the tall upright poles that support its sails.
N-COUNT

2. mast masts
A radio mast is a tall upright structure that is used to transmit radio or television signals.
N-COUNT

mastectomy

[D.J.:mæsˈtektəmi]

[K.K.:mæˈstɛktəmi]

n.

乳房切除术

mastectomy

mastectomy mastectomies
A mastectomy is a surgical operation to remove a woman's breast.
N-VAR

master

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:stə]

[K.K.:ˈmæstɚ]

n.

主人

男教师; 院长

大师, 手艺灵巧的人

原版, 母带

硕士

adj.

精通的, 熟练的, 优秀的

主要的, 重要的

vt.

做…的主人; 控制; 征服

熟练; 精通

mastering

控制

master ****

1. master masters
A servant's master is the man that he or she works for.

- My master ordered me not to deliver the message except in private.

- In 1777 several northern states encouraged white masters to free their slaves for military service.

N-COUNT

2. master masters
A dog's master is the man or boy who owns it.

- The dog yelped excitedly when his master opened a desk drawer and produced his leash.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

3. master masters
If you say that someone is a master of a particular activity, you mean that they are extremely skilled at it.

- She was a master of the English language.

- He is a master at blocking progress.

- They appear masters in the art of making regulations work their way.

N-COUNT: usu N of/at/in n/-ing
See also past master .

4. master
Also an adjective.

- ...a master craftsman.

- ...a master criminal.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. master
If you are master of a situation, you have complete control over it.

- Jackson remained calm and always master of his passions.

- He was under no illusions as to who was master in his house.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, usu N of n

6. master masters mastering mastered
If you master something, you learn how to do it properly or you succeed in understanding it completely.

- Duff soon mastered the skills of radio production.

- Students are expected to master a second language.

VB

7. master masters mastering mastered
If you master a difficult situation, you succeed in controlling it.

- When you have mastered one situation you have to go on to the next.

- His genius alone has mastered every crisis.

VB

8. master masters
A master is a male teacher. (BRIT)

- Mr Palmer was a retired maths master.

N-COUNT: usu n N
See also headmaster , housemaster .

9. master masters
A famous male painter of the past is often called a master .

- ...a portrait by the Dutch master, Vincent Van Gogh.

N-COUNT
See also old master .

10. master
A master copy of something such as a film or a tape recording is an original copy that can be used to produce other copies.

- Keep one as a master copy for your own reference and circulate the others.

ADJ: ADJ n

11. master masters
The master of a ship that carries passengers or goods is its captain.

- ...the Royal Pacific's master.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

12. master
A master's degree can be referred to as a master's .

- I've a master's in economics.

N-SING

13. master masters
Master is sometimes used by the followers of a male religious teacher or leader as a way of referring to him or addressing him.

- She believed that she had been selected by the Master to reveal forgotten wisdom.

N-COUNT: oft the N; N-VOC

14. master
In the past, Master was used before a boy's name as a polite way of referring to him or addressing him. Nowadays, Master can be written before a boy's name when addressing a letter to him. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Nice to see you, Master Simon.

N-TITLE

15. master
If you say that you are your own master , you mean that your decisions are not controlled by other people and you are free to do what you want.

- It was no place for a man who liked to be his own master.

PHR: V and N inflect

master

noun

1.

ruler

boss informal

chief

commander

controller

director

governor

lord

manager

2.

expert

ace informal

doyen

genius

maestro

past master

virtuoso

wizard

3.

teacher

guide

guru

instructor

tutor

adjective

4.

main

chief

foremost

leading

predominant

prime

principal

verb

5.

learn

get the hang of informal

grasp

6.

overcome

conquer

defeat

tame

triumph over

vanquish

master bedroom

master bedroom master bedrooms
The master bedroom in a large house is the largest bedroom.
N-COUNT

masterclass

masterclass masterclasses
A masterclass is a lesson where someone who is an expert at something such as dancing or music gives advice to a group of good students. Masterclasses usually take place in public or are broadcast on television.
N-COUNT

masterful

[D.J.:ˈmæstəfəl]

[K.K.:ˈmæstəfəl]

adj.

善于控制别人的;善于控制形势的

熟练的;娴熟的

masterfully

adv.

masterfully

[D.J.:ˈm ɑ:stəfʊlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈmæstɚfʊlɪ]

adv.

好支配人地,专横地

能干地;技巧熟练地

masterful

1. masterful
If you describe a man as masterful , you approve of him because he behaves in a way which shows that he is in control of a situation and can tell other people what to do.

- Big, successful moves need bold, masterful managers.

ADJ-GRADED approval

2. masterful
If you describe someone's behaviour or actions as masterful , you mean that they show great skill.

- ...a masterful performance of boxing and punching skills.

ADJ-GRADED
= skilful

masterful

adjective

1.

skilful

adroit

consummate

expert

fine

first-rate

masterly

superlative

supreme

world-class

2.

domineering

arrogant

bossy informal

high-handed

imperious

overbearing

overweening

master key

master key master keys
A master key is a key which will open all the locks in a set, even though each lock has its own different key.
N-COUNT

masterly

[D.J.:ˈmæstəli:]

[K.K.:ˈmæstəli]

adj.

熟练的,技艺高超的

masterly

masterly
If you describe something as masterly , you admire it because it has been done extremely well or shows the highest level of ability and skill.

- Malcolm Hebden gives a masterly performance.

- Attlee was extremely intelligent and his grasp of the situation was masterly.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= excellent

masterly

adjective

skilful

adroit

consummate

crack informal

expert

first-rate

masterful

supreme

world-class

mastermind

[D.J.:ˈmæstəˌmaɪnd]

[K.K.:ˈmæstɚˌmaɪnd]

n.

策划者;操纵者;策划;操纵

vt.

巧妙地计划, 策划(某一行动)

mastermind *

1. mastermind masterminds masterminding masterminded
If you mastermind a difficult or complicated activity, you plan it in detail and then make sure that it happens successfully.

- The finance minister will continue to mastermind Poland's economic reform.

- The bombings were masterminded by a known drugs smuggler.

VB

2. mastermind masterminds
The mastermind behind a difficult or complicated plan, often a criminal one, is the person who is responsible for planning and organizing it.

- He was the mastermind behind the plan to acquire the explosives.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp, oft N behind/of n

mastermind

verb

1.

plan

conceive

devise

direct

manage

organize

noun

2.

organizer

architect

brain(s) informal

director

engineer

manager

planner

Master of Arts

Master of Arts
A Master of Arts degree is the same as an MA degree.
N-SING

master of ceremonies

master of ceremonies masters of ceremonies
At events such as formal dinners, award ceremonies, and variety shows, the master of ceremonies is the person who introduces the speakers or performers, and who announces what is going to happen next.
N-COUNT

Master of Science

Master of Science
A Master of Science degree is the same as an MSc or MS degree.
N-SING

masterpiece

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:stəpi:s]

[K.K.:ˈmæstɚˌpis]

n.

杰作, 名作

masterpiece **

1. masterpiece masterpieces
A masterpiece is an extremely good painting, novel, film, or other work of art.

- His book, I must add, is a masterpiece.

- ...masterpieces by artists like Rembrandt, Raphael and Ingres.

N-COUNT

2. masterpiece masterpieces
An artist's, writer's, or composer's masterpiece is the best work that they have ever produced.

- `Man's Fate,' translated into sixteen languages, is probably his masterpiece.

N-COUNT: with poss

3. masterpiece masterpieces
A masterpiece is an extremely clever or skilful example of something.

- The whole thing was a masterpiece of crowd management.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

masterpiece

noun

classic

jewel

magnum opus

pièce de r´esistance

tour de force

master plan

master plan master plans
A master plan is a clever plan that is intended to help someone succeed in a very difficult or important task.

- ...the master plan for the reform of the economy.

N-COUNT

master's degree

master's degree master's degrees
A master's degree is a university degree such as an MA or an MSc which is of a higher level than a first degree and usually takes one or two years to complete.
N-COUNT also Master's degree .
= master's

masterstroke

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:stəstrəuk]

[K.K.:ˈmæstɚˌstrok]

n.

妙举,巧妙的动作

masterstroke

masterstroke masterstrokes
A masterstroke is something you do which is unexpected but very clever and which helps you to achieve something.

- To have convinced Hillsden that he would be justified in killing Calder was a masterstroke.

N-COUNT: usu sing

masterwork

[ˈmɑ:stəwə:k]

n.

极品,名著

masterwork

masterwork masterworks
If you describe something such as a book or a painting as a masterwork , you think it is extremely good or the best that someone has produced.

- They endure as masterworks of American musical theatre.

N-COUNT: oft poss N, N of n

mastery

[D.J.:ˈmæstəri:]

[K.K.:ˈmæstəri]

n.

精通;熟练;掌握

mastery *

1. mastery
If you show mastery of a particular skill or language, you show that you have learned or understood it completely and have no difficulty using it.

- He doesn't have mastery of the basic rules of grammar.

- He demonstrated his mastery of political manoeuvring.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

2. mastery
Mastery is power or control over something.

- Mesopotamia was probably the first region of the world where humans gained mastery over major rivers.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of/over n

mastery

noun

1.

expertise

finesse

know-how informal

proficiency

prowess

skill

virtuosity

2.

control

ascendancy

command

domination

superiority

supremacy

upper hand

whip hand

masthead

[ˈmɑ:sthed]

n.

桅顶,报头

vt.

升至桅顶

masthead

1. masthead mastheads
A ship's masthead is the highest part of its mast.
N-COUNT

2. masthead mastheads
A newspaper's masthead is the part at the top of the front page where its name appears in big letters.

- We carry illustrations of these medals on our masthead.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with poss

masticate

[D.J.:ˈmæstɪˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈmæstɪˌket]

vt. & vi.

咀嚼

粉碎;磨烂

mastication

n.

咀嚼

masticate

1. masticate masticates masticating masticated
When you masticate food, you chew it. (FORMAL)

- Her mouth was working, as if she was masticating some tasty titbit.

- Don't gulp everything down without masticating.

VB

2. mastication

- Poor digestion can be caused by defective mastication of the food in the mouth.

N-UNCOUNT

mastiff

[D.J.:ˈmæstif]

[K.K.:ˈmæstɪf]

n.

獒,大驯犬(大型猛犬的一种)

mastiff

mastiff mastiffs
A mastiff is a large, powerful, short-haired dog.
N-COUNT

masturbate

[D.J.:ˈmæstəbeit]

[K.K.:ˈmæstɚˌbet]

v.

(对…)进行手淫

masturbation

[D.J.:ˌmæstəˈbeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmæstɚˈbeʃən]

n.

手淫,自淫

masturbate *

1. masturbate
If someone masturbates , they stroke or rub their own genitals in order to get sexual pleasure.
VERB: V

2. masturbation

- The sperm sample is produced by masturbation.

N-UNCOUNT

mat

[D.J.:mæt]

[K.K.:mæt]

n.

席子, 垫子

mat *

1. mat mats
A mat is a small piece of something such as cloth, card, or plastic which you put on a table to protect it from plates or cups.

- The food is served on polished tables with mats.

N-COUNT

2. mat mats
A mat is a small piece of carpet or other thick material which is put on the floor for protection, decoration, or comfort.

- There was a letter on the mat.

- Bring a sleeping bag and foam mat.

N-COUNT

3. mat mats
A mat of something such as grass or moss is a thick, untidy layer of it.

- The houses are well spaced out, each on its own plot of ground and mat of coarse grass.

- She touched the thick mat of sandy hair on his chest.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n
= tangle

matador

[D.J.:ˈmætəˌdɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈmætəˌdɔr]

n.

斗牛士

matador

matador matadors
A matador is the person in a bullfight who is supposed to kill the bull.
N-COUNT
= bullfighter

match

[D.J.:mætʃ]

[K.K.:mætʃ]

n.

比赛, 竞赛

对手, 敌手

相似之物, 相配之物

婚姻; 婚姻对象

vt.

使较量, 使比赛

vt. & vi.

(使)相配; (使)相称

matching

[D.J.:ˈmætʃɪŋ]

adj.

(尤指色彩)相同的;协调的

match *****

1. match matches
A match is an organized game of football, tennis, cricket, or some other sport. (mainly BRIT)

- He was watching a football match.

- France won the match 28-19.

N-COUNT
= game

2. match matches
A match is a small wooden stick with a substance on one end that produces a flame when you rub it along the rough side of a matchbox.

- ...a packet of cigarettes and a box of matches.

N-COUNT

3. match matches matching matched
If something of a particular colour or design matches another thing, they have the same colour or design, or have a pleasing appearance when they are used together.

- `The shoes are too tight.' --- `Well, they do match your dress.'.

- All the chairs matched.

- You don't have to match your lipstick exactly to your outfit.

- Mix and match your tableware and textiles from the new Design House collection.

V-RECIP-ERG

4. match up matches up; matching up; matched up
Match up means the same as match .

- The pillow cover can match up with the sheets.

- Because false eyelashes come in various lengths and shades, it's so easy to match them up with your own.

PHR-V-ERG

5. match matches matching matched
If something such as an amount or a quality matches with another amount or quality, they are both the same or equal. If you match two things, you make them the same or equal.

- Their strengths in memory and spatial skills matched.

- Our value system does not match with their value system.

- ...efforts to match demand with supply by building new schools.

V-RECIP-ERG

6. match matches matching matched
If one thing matches another, they are connected or suit each other in some way.

- The students are asked to match the books with the authors.

- We will try to match you to employers with the vacancies you are looking for.

- It can take time and effort to match buyers and sellers.

- The sale would only go ahead if the name and number matched.

- If the figure matches with the target dividend declared in the paper you win or share the prize money.

V-RECIP-ERG

7. match up matches up; matching up; matched up
Match up means the same as match .

- The consultant seeks to match up jobless professionals with small companies in need of expertise.

- They compared the fat intake of groups of vegetarians and meat eaters, and matched their diets up with levels of harmful blood fats.

- My sister and I never really matched up.

- I'm sure that yellow lead matched up to that yellow socket.

PHR-V-RECIP-ERG

8. match
If a combination of things or people is a good match , they have a pleasing effect when placed or used together.

- Helen's choice of lipstick was a good match for her skin-tone.

- Moina was a perfect match for him.

N-SING: adj N

9. match matches matching matched
If you match something, you are as good as it or equal to it, for example in speed, size, or quality.

- They played some fine attacking football, but I think we matched them in every department.

- His record has never been matched.

VB
= equal

10. match matches matching matched
In a sport or other contest, if you match one person or team against another, in sports or other contests, you make them compete with each other to see which one is better.

- The finals of the Championship begin today, matching the United States against France.

- Lewis is matched against the WBO's heavyweight champion, Tommy Morrison.

VB

11. match
If you meet your match , you find that you are competing or fighting against someone who you cannot beat because they are as good as you, or better than you.

- I had finally met my match in power and intellect.

PHR: V inflects

12. match
If one person or thing is no match for another, they are unable to compete successfully with the other person or thing.

- I was no match for a man with such power.

- Hand-held guns proved no match for heavy armor.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR n

match up to *****

match up matches up; matching up; matched up
If someone or something does not match up to what was expected, they are smaller, less impressive, or of poorer quality.

- Her career never quite matched up to its promise.

- ...a father's inability to match up to the expectations of his son...

- The other stories don't quite match up to the high standard of the first.

PHR-V

matched *

1. matched
If you say that two people are well matched , you mean that they have qualities that will enable them to have a good relationship.

- They were well matched, I thought.

- My parents were not very well matched.

- They couldn't be more perfectly matched.

ADJ: adv ADJ

2. matched
In sports and other competitions, if the two opponents or teams are well matched , they are both of the same standard in strength or ability.

- Two well-matched sides conjured up an entertaining game.

- The teams are evenly matched.

ADJ: adv ADJ

matching *

matching
Matching is used to describe things which are of the same colour or design.

- She bought more fabric in the same design so she could make matching curtains and cushions.

- ...a coat and a matching handbag.

ADJ: ADJ n

match

noun

1.

game

bout

competition

contest

head-to-head

test

trial

2.

equal

counterpart

peer

rival

3.

marriage

alliance

pairing

partnership

verb

4.

correspond

accord

agree

fit

go with

harmonize

tally

5.

rival

compare

compete

emulate

equal

measure up to

matching

adjective

identical

coordinating

corresponding

equivalent

like

twin

matchbox

[D.J.:ˈmætʃˌbɔks]

[K.K.:ˈmætʃˌbɑks]

n.

火柴盒

matchbox

matchbox matchboxes
A matchbox is a small box that you buy with matches in it.
N-COUNT

matchless

[D.J.:ˈmætʃlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈmætʃlɪs]

adj.

<书>无比的;无双的;无法媲美的

matchless

matchless
You can use matchless to emphasize that you think something is extremely good.

- A timeless comic actor -- his simplicity and his apparent ease are matchless.

- The Savoy provides a matchless hotel experience.

ADJ: usu ADJ n emphasis
= unparalleled

matchless

adjective

unequalled

incomparable

inimitable

superlative

supreme

unmatched

unparalleled

unrivalled

unsurpassed

matchmaker

[D.J.:ˈmætʃˌmeɪkə]

[K.K.:ˈmætʃˌmekɚ]

n.

媒人;介绍人

matchmaker

matchmaker matchmakers
A matchmaker is someone who tries to encourage people they know to form a romantic relationship or to get married.

- The matchmaker has been an important member of Jewish communities for centuries.

- Some friends played matchmaker and had us both over to dinner.

N-COUNT

matchmaking

[D.J.:ˈmætʃˌmeɪkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmætʃˌmekɪŋ]

n.

作媒

安排比赛

火柴制造(业)

matchmaking

matchmaking
Matchmaking is the activity of encouraging people you know to form relationships or get married.
N-UNCOUNT

match play

match play
Match play is a form of golf where the game is scored by the number of holes someone wins rather than the number of strokes it takes them to complete the course.

- ...the World Match Play Championship.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

match point

match point match points
In a game of tennis, match point is the situation when the player who is in the lead can win the whole match if they win the next point.
N-VAR

matchstick

[D.J.:ˈmætʃstik]

[K.K.:ˈmætʃˌstɪk]

n.

火柴杆,火柴杆似的东西

matchstick

1. matchstick matchsticks
A matchstick is the wooden part of a match.

- Use a pointed object such as a broken matchstick.

N-COUNT

2. matchstick matchsticks
You can refer to something very small or thin as a matchstick .

- Cut the cucumber into matchsticks.

- ...children with matchstick legs.

N-COUNT: oft N n

mate

[D.J.:meit]

[K.K.:met]

n.

伙伴, 同事

配偶, 伴侣

(商船上的)大副

vt. & vi.

(使)成为配偶, (使)交配

mated

成对的,成双的

mating

[ˈmeitiŋ]

n.

(鸟兽等的)交配,交尾,(植物等的)杂交

mate ***

1. mate mates
You can refer to someone's friends as their mates , especially when you are talking about a man and his male friends. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He's off drinking with his mates.

- A mate of mine used to play soccer for Liverpool.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= friend

2. mate mates
Some men use mate as a way of addressing other men when they are talking to them. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Come on mate, things aren't that bad.

N-VOC
= pal

3. mate mates
Someone's wife, husband, or sexual partner can be referred to as their mate .

- He has found his ideal mate.

- ...as women do become as powerful in the marketplace as their mates.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft poss N
= partner

4. mate mates
An animal's mate is its sexual partner.

- The males guard their mates zealously.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

5. mate mates mating mated
When animals mate , a male and a female have sex in order to produce young.

- This allows the pair to mate properly and stops the hen staying in the nest-box.

- They want the males to mate with wild females.

- It is easy to tell when a female is ready to mate.

- ...the mating season.

V-RECIP

6. mate mates
On a commercial ship, the mate or the first mate is the most important officer except for the captain. Officers of lower rank are also called mates .

- ...the mate of a fishing trawler.

N-COUNT

7. mate mates
In the United States Navy, a mate is a petty officer who has a particular set of skills and who assists a warrant officer.
N-COUNT

8. mate
In chess, mate is the same as checkmate .
N-UNCOUNT

mate

noun

1.

partner

husband or wife

spouse

2.

friend

buddy informal

chum informal

comrade

crony

pal informal

3.

colleague

associate

companion

4.

assistant

helper

subordinate

verb

5.

pair

breed

couple

material

[D.J.:məˈtiəriəl]

[K.K.:məˈtɪriəl]

n.

材料, 原料

衣料

素材, 资料

adj.

物质的; 身体的; 肉体的

重要的, 重大的

materially

[D.J.:məˈtɪəri:əli:]

[K.K.:məˈtɪriəli]

adv.

<正>相当地;大大地

物质上;钱财上

materials

原料

material ****

1. material materials
A material is a solid substance.

- ...electrons in a conducting material such as a metal.

- ...the design of new absorbent materials.

- ...recycling of all materials.

N-VAR

2. material materials
Material is cloth.

- ...the thick material of her skirt...

- The materials are soft and comfortable to wear.

N-MASS

3. material materials
Materials are the things that you need for a particular activity.

- The builders ran out of materials.

- ...sewing materials.

N-PLURAL: usu supp N

4. material
Ideas or information that are used as a basis for a book, play, or film can be referred to as material .

- In my version of the story, I added some new material.

- ...the film producer's debt to the author of original screen material.

N-UNCOUNT

5. material
Material things are related to possessions or money, rather than to more abstract things such as ideas or values.

- Every room must have been stuffed with material things.

- ...the material world.

- ...his descriptions of their poor material conditions.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ spiritual

6. materially

- He has tried to help this child materially and spiritually.

- They believe that a tough, materially poor childhood is character-building.

- The object has no real value, materially or emotionally.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj/-ed, ADV with cl

7. material
If you say that someone is a particular kind of material , you mean that they have the qualities or abilities to do a particular job or task.

- She was not university material.

- His message has changed little since he became presidential material.

N-UNCOUNT: supp N

8. material
Material evidence or information is directly relevant and important in a legal or academic argument. (FORMAL)

- The nature and availability of material evidence was not to be discussed.

- They contend that the company failed to disclose material information.

ADJ: ADJ n

material

noun Informal

1.

substance

matter

stuff

2.

information

data

evidence

facts

notes

3.

cloth

fabric

adjective

4.

physical

bodily

concrete

corporeal

palpable

substantial

tangible

5.

important

essential

meaningful

momentous

serious

significant

vital

weighty

6.

relevant

applicable

apposite

apropos

germane

pertinent

materially

adverb

significantly

essentially

gravely

greatly

much

seriously

substantially

materialism

[D.J.:məˈtɪəri:əˌlɪzəm]

[K.K.:məˈtɪriəˌlɪzəm]

n.

唯物主义;唯物论;实利主义;物质主义

materialist

[məˈtiəriəlist]

n.

唯物主义者; 唯物论者

物质享乐主义者

materialism *

1. materialism
Materialism is the attitude of someone who attaches a lot of importance to money and wants to possess a lot of material things.

- ...the rising consumer materialism in society at large.

N-UNCOUNT

2. materialist materialists

- Leo is a materialist, living for life's little luxuries.

N-COUNT

3. materialism
Materialism is the belief that only physical matter exists, and that there is no spiritual world.
N-UNCOUNT

materialist *

materialist
Materialist is used to describe things relating to the philosophy of materialism.

- ...the materialist view of nature and society.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

materialistic

[məˌtiəriəˈlistik]

adj.

唯物论的,唯物主义的

materialistic

materialistic
If you describe a person or society as materialistic , you are critical of them because they attach too much importance to money and material possessions.

- During the 1980s Britain became a very materialistic society.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

materialize

[D.J.:məˈtɪəri:əˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:məˈtɪriəˌlaɪz]

vi.

具体化;成为现实

materialize *

1. materialize materializes materializing materialized
If a possible or expected event does not materialize , it does not happen.

- A rebellion by radicals failed to materialize.

- None of the anticipated difficulties materialized.

VB: usu with brd-neg (BRIT) also materialise

2. materialize materializes materializing materialized
If a person or thing materializes , they suddenly appear, after they have been invisible or in another place.

- Tamsin materialized at her side, notebook at the ready.

- A moment or two later champagne in an ice-bucket materialized beside them.

VB (BRIT) also materialise
= appear

materialize

verb

occur

appear

come about

come to pass

happen

take shape

turn up

maternal

[D.J.:məˈtə:nl]

[K.K.:məˈtɚnəl]

adj.

母亲的; 母亲般的

maternal *

1. maternal
Maternal is used to describe feelings or actions which are typical of those of a kind mother towards her child.

- She had little maternal instinct.

- Her feelings towards him were almost maternal.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. maternal
Maternal is used to describe things that relate to the mother of a baby.

- Maternal smoking can damage the unborn child.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. maternal
A maternal relative is one who is related through a person's mother rather than their father.

- Her maternal grandfather was Mayor of Karachi.

ADJ: ADJ n

maternal

adjective

motherly

maternity

[D.J.:məˈtɜ:nɪti:]

[K.K.:məˈtə..nɪti]

n.

母性;为母之道

maternity *

1. maternity
Maternity is used to describe things relating to the help and medical care given to a woman when she is pregnant and when she gives birth.

- Your job will be kept open for your return after maternity leave.

- The boy was born at the city's maternity hospital.

- ...maternity clothes.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. maternity
Maternity is the state of being a mother.

- Morisot had experienced maternity herself.

N-UNCOUNT
= motherhood

maternity

noun

motherhood

motherliness

matey

[D.J.:ˈmeɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈmeti]

adj.

<非正,尤英>友好的,友善的

matey

1. matey
If someone is matey , they behave in a very friendly way, usually without sincerity. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Frost had displayed his usual matey charm as the pair sipped orange juice on national TV.

- ...her irritatingly matey tone.

ADJ-GRADED

2. matey
You can address someone as matey when you are being friendly towards them. People sometimes also use matey when they are annoyed with someone. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- No problem, matey.

N-VOC feelings

matey

adjective

friendly

chummy informal

hail-fellow-well-met

intimate

pally informal

sociable

thick informal

math

[D.J.:mæθ]

[K.K.:mæθ]

n.

数学

math *

math
Math is the same as mathematics . (AM; in BRIT use maths )

- He studied math in college.

N-UNCOUNT

mathematical

[D.J.:ˌmæθiˈmætikəl]

[K.K.:ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl]

adj.

数学的, 数学上的

精确的

mathematically

adv.

算术地

mathematical **

1. mathematical
Something that is mathematical involves numbers and calculations.

- ...mathematical calculations...

- Given the sheer number of stars that exist it's a mathematical certainty that there is life on other planets.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. mathematically

- ...a mathematically complicated formula...

- Mathematically, it made sense.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj, ADV with cl

3. mathematical
If you have mathematical abilities or a mathematical mind, you are clever at doing calculations or understanding problems that involve numbers.

- ...children who display extraordinary mathematical ability.

- ...a mathematical genius.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. mathematically

- Anyone can be an astrologer as long as they are mathematically minded.

ADV: ADV -ed/adj

mathematician

[D.J.:ˌmæθəməˈtɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmæθəməˈtɪʃən]

n.

数学家

mathematician *

1. mathematician mathematicians
A mathematician is a person who is trained in the study of numbers and calculations.

- The risks can be so complex that banks hire mathematicians to puzzle them out.

N-COUNT

2. mathematician mathematicians
A mathematician is a person who is good at doing calculations and using numbers.

- I'm not a very good mathematician.

N-COUNT

mathematics

[D.J.:ˌmæθiˈmætiks]

[K.K.:ˌmæθəˈmætɪks]

n.

数学

mathematics **

1. mathematics
Mathematics is the study of numbers, quantities, or shapes.

- Elizabeth studied mathematics and classics.

- ...a professor of mathematics at Boston College.

N-UNCOUNT

2. mathematics
The mathematics of a problem is the calculations that are involved in it.

- Once you understand the mathematics of debt you can work your way out of it.

N-UNCOUNT

maths

[D.J.:mæθs]

[K.K.:mæθs]

n.

数学

maths *

maths
Maths is the same as mathematics . (BRIT; in AM use math )

- He taught science and maths.

N-UNCOUNT

matinee

[D.J.:ˌmætnˈeɪ]

[K.K.:ˌmætn..ˈe]

n.

(剧场、影院等的)午后的演出;午场

matinee

matinee matinees
A matinee is a performance of a play or a showing of a film which takes place in the afternoon.
N-COUNT also matin´ee .

matriarch

[ˈmeitriɑ:k]

n.

女家长,高雅的老妇人

matriarch

1. matriarch matriarchs
A matriarch is a woman who rules in a society in which power passes from mother to daughter.
N-COUNT

2. matriarch matriarchs
A matriarch is an old and powerful female member of a family, for example a grandmother.
N-COUNT

matriarchal

[D.J.:ˈmeɪtrɪˈ ɑ:kl]

[K.K.:ˈmetrɪˌ ɑrk l..]

adj.

女家长的

母系氏族的

matriarchal

1. matriarchal
A matriarchal society, family, or system is one in which the rulers are female and power or property is passed from mother to daughter.

- ...the 3,000 years of the matriarchal Sumerian society.

ADJ
≠ patriarchal

2. matriarchal
A matriarchal family or group is one in which women are more powerful or important than men.

- He was raised in a matriarchal family and was always closer to his mother than his father.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ patriarchal

3. matriarchal
If you describe a woman as matriarchal , you mean that she has authority and power within her family or group.

- ...the matriarchal figure of his grandmother.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

matriarchy

[D.J.:ˈmeɪtri:ˌɑ:ki:]

[K.K.:ˈmetriˌɑrki]

n.

女性统治的社会组织形态,母权制,母系氏族制

matriarchy

matriarchy matriarchies
A matriarchy is a system in which power or property is passed from mother to daughter.
N-VAR
≠ patriarchy

matrices

[D.J.:ˈmeitrisi:z]

[K.K.:ˈmetrɪˌsiz, ˈmætrɪ-]

n.

母体,子宫(matrix的复数)

matrix

[D.J.:ˈmeɪtrɪks]

[K.K.:ˈmetrɪks]

n.

铸模,模型

发源地；母体,基质

(内含宝石等的)岩石,矿脉

<数>矩阵

matrices

matrices
Matrices is the plural of matrix .

matrix *

1. matrix matrices
A matrix is the environment or context in which something such as a society develops and grows. (FORMAL)

- ...the matrix of their culture.

N-COUNT: with supp

2. matrix matrices
In mathematics, a matrix is an arrangement of numbers, symbols, or letters in rows and columns which is used in solving mathematical problems.
N-COUNT

matriculate

[D.J.:məˈtrɪkjəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:məˈtrɪkjəˌlet]

vt.

录取(学生)入大学

vi.

被大学录取

matriculation

[məˌtrikjuˈleiʃən]

n.

录取入学,(大学的)入学考试

matriculate

1. matriculate matriculates matriculating matriculated
In some countries, if you matriculate , you register formally as a student at a university, or you satisfy the academic requirements necessary for registration for a course. (TECHNICAL)

- I had to matriculate if I wanted to do a degree.

VB

2. matriculation

- The head decided I should have another go at matriculation.

N-UNCOUNT

matrimonial

[D.J.:ˌmætrɪˈməʊnjəl]

[K.K.:ˌmætrəˈmonɪəl]

adj.

婚姻的；婚礼的

matrimony

[D.J.:ˈmætrəˌməʊni:]

[K.K.:ˈmætrəˌmoni]

n.

结婚,婚姻生活

matrimonial

adj.

matrimonial

matrimonial
Matrimonial means concerning marriage or married people. (FORMAL)

- ...the matrimonial home.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

matrimonial

adjective

marital

conjugal

connubial

nuptial

matrimony

matrimony
Matrimony is marriage. (FORMAL)

- ...the bonds of matrimony.

- ...holy matrimony.

N-UNCOUNT

matrimony

noun

marriage

nuptials

wedding ceremony

wedlock

matron

[D.J.:ˈmeɪtrən]

[K.K.:ˈmetrən]

n.

(受人尊敬的)已婚老妇人;夫人

女看守;女警卫

护士长

matron *

1. matron
The matron in a nursing home is the woman who is in charge of all the nurses. In the past, the woman in charge of the nurses in a hospital was also called a matron . (BRIT)

- The Matron at the nursing home expressed a wish to attend.

- Have you told Matron?

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

2. matron
In boarding schools, the matron is the woman who looks after the health of the children. (BRIT)

- Matron was quite kind but brisk and hurried.

- ...a prep school matron.

N-TITLE; N-COUNT

3. matron matrons
The matron in a hospital or other institution is the woman who is in charge of domestic matters. Matron is also used to refer to a female officer in a prison. (AM, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

4. matron matrons
People sometimes refer to middle-aged women as matrons . (WRITTEN or OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

matronly

[ˈmeitrənli]

adj.

主妇似的,主管的,安详的,尊严的

matronly

matronly
You can use matronly to describe a woman who is fairly fat and looks middle-aged, especially if you think the clothes she is wearing are not fashionable or attractive.

- ...a matronly woman with an air of authority.

ADJ-GRADED

matt

[mæt]

adj.

表面暗淡的, 无光泽的

matt *

matt
A matt colour, paint, or surface is dull rather than shiny.

- ...a creamy white matt emulsion.

- ...matt black.

ADJ The spellings matte in British English, and matte or mat in American English are also used.

matted

[ˈmætid]

adj.

有席子的,缠结的,纠缠的,无光泽的,暗淡的

matted

matted
If you describe someone's hair as matted , you mean that it has become a thick untidy mass, often because it is wet or dirty.

- She had matted hair and torn dusty clothes.

ADJ-GRADED

matted

adjective

tangled

knotted

tousled

uncombed

matter

[D.J.:ˈmætə]

[K.K.:ˈmætɚ]

n.

物质, 物体

题材, 内容

事情; 问题

困难, 毛病, 麻烦

重要性

vi.

要紧, 有关系

matter *****

1. matter matters
A matter is a task, situation, or event which you have to deal with or think about, especially one that involves problems.

- It was clear that she wanted to discuss some private matter.

- Until the matter is resolved the athletes will be ineligible to compete.

- Don't you think this is now a matter for the police?.

- Business matters drew him to Paris.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= affair

2. matter matters
You use matters to refer to the situation you are talking about, especially when something is affecting the situation in some way.

- If your ordinary life is out of control, then retreating into a cosy ritual will not improve matters.

- If it would facilitate matters, I would be happy to come to New York.

- Matters took an unexpected turn.

N-PLURAL: without det
= things

3. matter
If you say that a situation is a matter of a particular thing, you mean that that is the most important thing to be done or considered when you are involved in the situation or explaining it.

- History is always a matter of interpretation.

- Observance of the law is a matter of principle for us.

- After that, life became a matter of defying school rules.

- Jack had attended these meetings as a matter of routine for years.

N-SING: a N of n/-ing
= question

4. matter
Printed matter consists of books, newspapers, and other texts that are printed. Reading matter consists of things that are suitable for reading, such as books and newspapers.

- ...the Government's plans to levy VAT on printed matter...

- Many of the papers have magazine supplements, providing a rich variety of reading matter.

N-UNCOUNT: supp N

5. matter
Matter is the physical part of the universe consisting of solids, liquids, and gases.

- A proton is an elementary particle of matter that possesses a positive charge.

- He has spent his career studying how matter behaves at the fine edge between order and disorder.

N-UNCOUNT

6. matter
You use matter to refer to a particular type of substance.

- They feed mostly on decaying vegetable matter.

- ...waste matter from industries.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

7. matter
You use matter in expressions such as ` What's the matter? ' or ` Is anything the matter? ' when you think that someone has a problem and you want to know what it is.

- Carole, what's the matter? You don't seem happy.

- What's the matter with your office?.

- She told him there was nothing the matter.

N-SING: the N, oft N with n

8. matter
You use matter in expressions such as ` a matter of weeks ' when you are emphasizing how small an amount is or how short a period of time is.

- Within a matter of days she was back at work.

- He expected to be at East Grinstead station in a matter of hours.

- This time the journey was short, a matter of four or five miles up into the hills.

N-SING: a N of pl-n emphasis

9. matter matters mattered
If you say that something does not matter , you mean that it is not important to you because it does not have an effect on you or on a particular situation.

- A lot of the food goes on the floor but that doesn't matter.

- As for Laura and me, the colour of our skin has never mattered.

- As long as staff are smart, it does not matter how long their hair is.

- Does it matter that people don't know this?.

- Money is the only thing that matters to them.

VB: no cont, usu with brd-neg

10. matter
If you say that something is another matter or a different matter , you mean that it is very different from the situation that you have just discussed.

- Being responsible for one's own health is one thing, but being responsible for another person's health is quite a different matter.

- You have no business going into such places all by yourselves. If your parents take you, of course, that's another matter.

PHR: v-link PHR

11. matter
If you are going to do something as a matter of urgency or priority, you are going to do it as soon as possible, because it is important.

- Your doctor and health visitor can help a great deal and you need to talk about it with them as a matter of urgency.

PHR: PHR n

12. matter
If something is no easy matter , it is difficult to do it.

- Choosing the colour for the drawing-room walls was no easy matter.

PHR: v-link PHR

13. matter
If someone says that's the end of the matter or that's an end to the matter , they mean that a decision that has been taken must not be changed or discussed any more.

- `He's moving in here,' Maria said. `So that's the end of the matter.'

PHR
= that's final

14. matter
You use the fact of the matter is or the truth of the matter is to introduce a fact which supports what you are saying or which is not widely known, for example because it is a secret.

- The fact of the matter is that most people consume far more protein than they actually need.

- The truth of the matter is that he was having an identity crisis when he met Carina.

PHR: V inflects, PHR that
= the truth is

15. matter
You can use for that matter to emphasize that the remark you are making is true in the same way as your previous, similar remark.

- The irony was that Shawn had not seen her. Nor for that matter had anyone else.

- A great deal of hard work was done and, for that matter, is continuing.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis
= come to that

16. matter
You say ` it doesn't matter ' to tell someone who is apologizing to you that you are not angry or upset, and that they should not worry.

- `Did I wake you?' --- `Yes, but it doesn't matter.'

CONVENTION
= never mind

17. matter
You say ` it doesn't matter ' when someone offers you a choice between two or more things and you do not mind which is chosen.

- `Steve, what do you want?' --- `Coke, Pepsi, it doesn't matter.'

CONVENTION

18. matter
If you say that something is no laughing matter , you mean that it is very serious and not something that you should laugh or joke about.

- Their behaviour is an offence. It's no laughing matter.

PHR: v-link PHR
= no joke serious

19. matter
If you say that something makes matters worse , you mean that it makes a difficult situation even more difficult.

- Don't let yourself despair; this will only make matters worse.

- To make matters worse, it started to rain again.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR with cl

20. matter
You say ` no matter ' after you have just asked a question or mentioned an idea or doubt and you have decided that it is not really important, interesting, or worth discussing.

- `Didn't you ever read the book?' Keating shook his head. `Well, no matter.'.

- `Shoddy workmanship these days,' he remarked. `No matter, it will still bear my weight.'

CONVENTION feelings
= never mind

21. matter
You use no matter in expressions such as ` no matter how ' and ` no matter what ' to say that something is true or happens in all circumstances.

- No matter what your age, you can lose weight by following this program.

- No matter how often they were urged, they could not bring themselves to join in.

- Jenkins would reward all investors, no matter when they made their investment.

PHR: PHR wh
= never mind

22. matter
If you say that you are going to do something no matter what , you are emphasizing that you are definitely going to do it, even if there are obstacles or difficulties.

- He had decided to publish the manuscript no matter what.

- I vowed then, no matter what, I would never be like those people.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis
= regardless

23. matter
If you say that a statement is a matter of opinion , you mean that it is not a fact, and that other people, including yourself, do not agree with it.

- `We're not that contrived. We're not that theatrical.' --- `That's a matter of opinion.'

PHR: v-link PHR
= debatable

24. matter
If you say that something is just a matter of time , you mean that it is certain to happen at some time in the future.

- It would be only a matter of time before he went through with it.

PHR: v-link PHR

matter

noun

1.

substance

body

material

stuff

2.

situation

affair

business

concern

event

incident

proceeding

question

subject

topic

what's the matter?

3.

problem

complication

difficulty

distress

trouble

worry

verb

4.

be important

carry weight

count

make a difference

signify

matter-of-fact

[D.J.:ˈmætərəvˈfækt]

[K.K.:ˈmætərəvˈfækt]

adj.

切合实际的;讲求实际的

就事论事的;平淡的;不带感情的

matter-of-factly

[D.J.:ˌmætərəfˈfæktlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌmætərəfˈfæktlɪ]

adv.

实事求是地,切合实际地;就事论事地

matter-of-fact *

1. matter-of-fact
If you describe a person as matter-of-fact , you mean that they show no emotions such as enthusiasm, anger, or surprise, especially in a situation where you would expect them to be emotional.

- John was doing his best to give Francis the news in a matter-of-fact way.

- He sounded matter-of-fact and unemotional.

ADJ-GRADED

2. matter-of-factly

- `She thinks you're a spy,' Scott said matter-of-factly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

matter-of-fact

adjective

unsentimental

deadpan

down-to-earth

emotionless

mundane

plain

prosaic

sober

unimaginative

matting

[ˈmætiŋ]

n.

席

matting

matting
Matting is strong thick material, usually made from a material like rope, straw, or rushes, which is used as a floor covering.

- There was rush matting on the floor.

N-UNCOUNT

mattress

[D.J.:ˈmætris]

[K.K.:ˈmætrɪs]

n.

褥垫, 床垫

mattress *

mattress mattresses
A mattress is the large, flat layer of padding which is put on a bed to make it comfortable to sleep on.
N-COUNT

maturation

[ˌmætjuˈreiʃən]

n.

化脓,成熟

maturation

1. maturation
The maturation of something such as wine or cheese is the process of its being left for a time to become mature. (FORMAL)

- The period of maturation is determined by the cellar master.

N-UNCOUNT

2. maturation
The maturation of a young person's body is the process of it becoming like an adult's. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= development

mature

[D.J.:məˈtjuə]

[K.K.:məˈtjʊr, -ˈtʊr, -ˈtʃʊr]

adj.

成熟的, 成年人的

深思的; 慎重的

vi.

成熟, 长成

maturer

[məˈtjuərə]

n.

成熟的人

maturing

[məˈtjuəriŋ]

n.

(陶瓷的)烧成;(泥料的)陈化,成熟

mature **

1. mature matures maturing matured
When a child or young animal matures , it becomes an adult.

- You will learn what to expect as your child matures physically.

- The eggs hatched and the chicks matured.

- ...young girls who'd not yet matured.

VB
= grow up

2. mature matures maturing matured
When something matures , it reaches a state of complete development.

- When the trees matured they were cut in certain areas.

- Their songwriting has matured.

VB
= develop

3. mature matures maturing matured
If someone matures , they become more fully developed in their personality and emotional behaviour.

- Hopefully after three years at university I will have matured.

- I thought you had matured enough not to be giggly and silly about serious art.

VB
= develop

4. mature maturer maturest
If you describe someone as mature , you think that they are fully developed and balanced in their personality and emotional behaviour.

- They are emotionally mature and should behave responsibly.

- You and I are mature, freethinking adults.

ADJ-GRADED approval

5. mature maturer maturest
If you describe the work of an artist, writer, or musician as mature , you mean that it is thoughtful and skilful and shows that their abilities have fully developed.

- It is his most mature comedy yet.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n approval

6. mature matures maturing matured
If something such as wine or cheese matures or is matured , it is left for a time to allow its full flavour or strength to develop.

- Unlike wine, brandy matures only in wood, not glass.

- ...the cellars where the cheeses are matured.

- ...our best selling matured cheddar.

V-ERG

7. mature maturer maturest
Mature cheese or wine has been left for a time to allow its full flavour or strength to develop.

- Grate some mature cheddar cheese.

- ...the best place to enjoy fine, mature wines.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

8. mature matures maturing matured
When an investment such as a savings policy or pension plan matures , it reaches the stage when you stop paying money and the company pays you back the money you have saved, and the interest your money has earned.

- These bonuses will be paid when your savings plan matures in ten years' time.

- ...an endowment policy that matured on September 1.

VB

9. mature
If you say that someone is mature or of mature years, you are saying politely that they are middle-aged or old.

- ...a man of mature years who had been in the job for longer than most of the members could remember.

ADJ politeness

mature

adjective

1.

grown-up

adult

full-grown

fully fledged

mellow

of age

ready

ripe

seasoned

verb

2.

develop

age

bloom

blossom

come of age

grow up

mellow

ripen

mature student

mature student mature students
A mature student is a person who begins their studies at university or college a number of years after leaving school, so that they are older than most of the people they are studying with. (BRIT; in AM use adult student )
N-COUNT

maturity

[D.J.:məˈtjʊərɪti:, -ˈtʊər-, -ˈtʃʊər-]

[K.K.:məˈtjʊrɪti, -ˈtʊr-, -ˈtʃʊr-]

n.

成熟;成熟期;发育完全

(金融)到期

maturity **

1. maturity
Maturity is the state of being fully developed or adult.

- Humans experience a delayed maturity; we arrive at all stages of life later than other mammals.

N-UNCOUNT

2. maturity
Someone's maturity is their quality of being fully developed in their personality and emotional behaviour.

- Her speech showed great maturity and humanity.

- Lacking self-confidence and maturity, many teenagers are left feeling very vulnerable.

N-UNCOUNT

3. maturity maturities
When an investment such as a savings policy or pension plan reaches maturity , it reaches the stage when you stop paying money and the company pays you back the money you have saved, and the interest your money has earned.

- Customers are told what their policies will be worth on maturity, not what they are worth today.

- Treasury bonds have maturities that extend out as far as 25 years or more.

N-VAR

maturity

noun

adulthood

experience

manhood or womanhood

ripeness

wisdom

maudlin

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:dlɪn]

[K.K.:ˈmɔdlɪn]

adj.

感情脆弱的,爱哭的

maudlin

1. maudlin
If you describe someone as maudlin , you mean that they are being sad and sentimental in a foolish way, perhaps because of drinking alcohol.

- Jimmy turned maudlin after three drinks.

- ...maudlin self-pity.

ADJ-GRADED

2. maudlin
If you describe a song, book, or film as maudlin , you are criticizing it for being very sentimental.

- ...the most maudlin song of all time.

- ...a hugely entertaining (if over-long and maudlin) movie.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= soppy mawkish

maudlin

adjective

sentimental

mawkish

overemotional

slushy informal

soppy Brit. informal

tearful

weepy informal

maul

[D.J.:mɔ:l]

[K.K.:mɔl]

vt.

(尤指动物)撕裂…的皮肉, 抓破;伤害

虐待;粗手粗脚地摆弄

maul *

1. maul mauls mauling mauled
If you are mauled by an animal, you are violently attacked by it and badly injured.

- He had been mauled by a bear.

- The dog went berserk and mauled one of the girls.

VB
= attack

2. maul mauls mauling mauled
If someone is mauled , they are attacked aggressively, and often harmed in some way.

- The troops were severely mauled and lost a quarter of their strength before evacuating the island.

- The cable-TV and health-care industries are both being mauled by government.

VB: usu passive
= assault

maul

verb

1.

ill-treat

abuse

manhandle

molest

paw

2.

tear

batter

claw

lacerate

mangle

Maundy Thursday

Maundy Thursday
Maundy Thursday is the Thursday before Easter Sunday.
N-UNCOUNT

Mauritian

adj.

毛里求斯的

Mauritian

1. Mauritian
Mauritian means belonging or relating to Mauritius, or to its people or culture.
ADJ

2. Mauritian Mauritians
A Mauritian is a Mauritian citizen, or a person of Mauritian origin.
N-COUNT

mausoleum

[D.J.:ˌmɔ:səˈli:əm, -zə-]

[K.K.:ˌmɔsəˈliəm, -zə-]

n.

陵墓

mausoleum

mausoleum mausoleums
A mausoleum is a building which contains the grave of a famous person or the graves of a rich family.
N-COUNT
= tomb

mauve

[D.J.:məʊv]

[K.K.:mov]

n.

淡紫色

mauve *

mauve mauves
Something that is mauve is of a pale purple colour.

- It bears clusters of mauve flowers in early summer.

COLOUR

maverick

[D.J.:ˈmævərɪk, ˈmævrɪk]

[K.K.:ˈmævərɪk, ˈmævrɪk]

n.

未烙印的牲畜

标新立异的人;不合常规的人

mavericks

迷路

maverick *

1. maverick mavericks
If you describe someone as a maverick , you mean that they are unconventional and independent, and do not think or behave in the same way as other people.

- He was too much of a maverick ever to hold high office.

N-COUNT

2. maverick
Also an adjective.

- ...a maverick group of scientists, who oppose the prevailing medical opinion on the disease...

- Her independence and maverick behaviour precluded any chance of promotion.

ADJ: ADJ n

maverick

noun

1.

rebel

dissenter

eccentric

heretic

iconoclast

individualist

nonconformist

protester

radical

adjective

2.

rebel

dissenting

eccentric

heretical

iconoclastic

individualistic

nonconformist

radical

maw

[mɔ:]

n.

动物的胃

maw

maw maws
If you describe something as a maw , you mean that it is like a big open mouth which swallows everything near it. (LITERARY)

- Cale's best work has plunged fearlessly into the dripping maw of emotional extremes.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

mawkish

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:kɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈmɔkɪʃ]

adj.

多愁善感的，易伤感的

无味的

mawkish

mawkish
You can describe something as mawkish when you think it is sentimental and silly.

- A sordid, sentimental plot unwinds, with an inevitable mawkish ending.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= nauseating soppy

mawkish

adjective

sentimental

emotional

maudlin

schmaltzy slang

slushy informal

soppy Brit. informal

max

[mæks]

adv.

至多

max.

极大值,最大值

max.

1. max.
Max. is an abbreviation for maximum , and is often used after numbers or amounts.

- I'll give him eight out of 10, max.

- He twisted the throttle control to max power.

ADJ: num ADJ, ADJ n

2. max
If you do something to the max , you do it to the greatest degree possible. (INFORMAL)

- Everyone involved is enjoying himself to the max.

PHR: PHR after v
= to the full

maxim

[D.J.:ˈmæksɪm]

[K.K.:ˈmæksɪm]

n.

格言;座右铭

maxim *

maxim maxims
A maxim is a rule for good or sensible behaviour, especially one in the form of a saying.

- I believe in the maxim `if it ain't broke, don't fix it'.

N-COUNT

maxim

noun

saying

adage

aphorism

axiom

dictum

motto

proverb

rule

maximization

[ˌmæksəmaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

最大值化,极大值化

maximize

[D.J.:ˈmæksəˌmaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈmæksəˌmaɪz]

vt.

使(某事物)增至最大限度

最大限度地利用(某事物)

maximize *

1. maximize maximizes maximizing maximized
If you maximize something, you make it as great in amount or importance as you can.

- In order to maximize profit the firm would seek to maximize output.

- They were looking for suitable ways of maximising their electoral support.

VB (BRIT) also maximise
= increase ≠ minimize

2. maximization

- ...a pricing policy that was aimed at profit maximisation.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. maximize maximizes maximizing maximized
If you maximize a window on a computer screen, you make it as large as possible.

- Click on the square icon to maximize the window.

VB (BRIT) also maximise

maximum

[D.J.:ˈmæksiməm]

[K.K.:ˈmæksəməm]

adj.

最大值的, 最大量的

n.

最大的量、体积、强度等

maximum ***

1. maximum
You use maximum to describe an amount which is the largest that is possible, allowed, or required.

- Under planning law the maximum height for a fence or hedge is 2 metres.

- China headed the table with maximum points.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ minimum

2. maximum
Also a noun.

- The law provides for a maximum of two years in prison.

- Twelve hours is the minimum, sixty hours the maximum.

N-SING: oft a N of amount
≠ minimum

3. maximum
You use maximum to indicate how great an amount is.

- ...the maximum amount of information...

- It was achieved with minimum fuss and maximum efficiency.

- He is expected to be transferred to a maximum security prison.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ minimum

4. maximum
If you say that something is a particular amount maximum , you mean that this is the greatest amount it should be or could possibly be, although a smaller amount is acceptable or very possible.

- We need an extra 6g a day maximum.

ADV: amount ADV
≠ minimum

5. maximum
If you say that someone does something to the maximum , you are emphasizing that they do it to the greatest degree possible.

- You have to develop your capabilities to the maximum.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis
= to the full

maximum

noun

1.

top

ceiling

height

peak

pinnacle

summit

upper limit

utmost

zenith

adjective

2.

greatest

highest

most

paramount

supreme

topmost

utmost

may

[D.J.:mei]

[K.K.:me]

aux v.

可以, 许可

也许, 可能

但愿

会, 能

may *****

( May is a modal verb. It is used with the base form of a verb.)

1. may
You use may to indicate that something will possibly happen or be true in the future, but you cannot be certain.

- We may have some rain today.

- Rates may rise, but it won't be by much and it won't be for long.

- I may be back next year.

- I don't know if they'll publish it or not. They may.

- Scientists know that cancer may not show up for many years.

MODAL vagueness
= might

2. may
You use may to indicate that there is a possibility that something is true, but you cannot be certain.

- Civil rights officials say there may be hundreds of other cases of racial violence.

- Throwing good money after bad may not be a good idea, they say.

MODAL vagueness
= might

3. may
You use may to indicate that something is sometimes true or is true in some circumstances.

- A vegetarian diet may not provide enough calories for a child's normal growth.

- Up to five inches of snow may cover the mountains.

- ...families that may have both parents working.

MODAL
= might

4. may
You use may have with a past participle when suggesting that it is possible that something happened or was true, or when giving a possible explanation for something.

- He may have been to some of those places.

- The chaos may have contributed to the deaths of up to 20 people.

- Investigators say that a fuel explosion may have caused the crash.

- The events may or may not have been connected.

MODAL vagueness
= might have

5. may
You use may in statements where you are accepting the truth of a situation, but contrasting it with something that is more important.

- I may be almost 50, but there's not a lot of things I've forgotten.

- The elderly man may not be typical, but he speaks for a significant body of opinion.

- Walking exercise may be boring at times but early on a clear sunny morning there can be nothing finer.

MODAL

6. may
You use may when you are mentioning a quality or fact about something that people can make use of if they want to.

- The bag has narrow straps, so it may be worn over the shoulder or carried in the hand.

- Some of the diseases of middle age may be prevented by improving nutrition.

MODAL
= can

7. may
You use may to indicate that someone is allowed to do something, usually because of a rule or law. You use may not to indicate that someone is not allowed to do something.

- Any two persons may marry in Scotland provided that both persons are at least 16 years of age on the day of their marriage.

- Adolescents under the age of 18 may not work in jobs that require them to drive.

MODAL

8. may
You use may when you are giving permission to someone to do something, or when asking for permission. (FORMAL)

- Mr Hobbs? May we come in?.

- If you wish, you may now have a glass of milk.

- `You may leave.' --- `Yes, sir.'

MODAL
= can

9. may
You use may when you are making polite requests. (FORMAL)

- I'd like the use of your living room, if I may.

- May I come with you to Southampton?.

- Ah, Julia, my dear, here is our guest. May we have some tea?

MODAL politeness
= can

10. may
You use may , usually in questions, when you are politely making suggestions or offering to do something. (FORMAL)

- May we suggest you try one of our guest houses.

- May we recommend a weekend in Stockholm?.

- Do sit down. And may we offer you something to drink?.

- May I help you?

MODAL politeness
= can

11. may
You use may as a polite way of interrupting someone, asking a question, or introducing what you are going to say next. (FORMAL, SPOKEN)

- `If I may interrupt for a moment,' Kenneth said.

- Anyway, may I just ask you one other thing?.

- If I may return to what we were talking about earlier.

MODAL politeness
= can

12. may
You use may when you are mentioning the reaction or attitude that you think someone is likely to have to something you are about to say.

- You know, Brian, whatever you may think, I work hard for a living.

- You may consider it useless, but for our customers it's an all-important sign of good service.

MODAL

13. may
You use may in expressions such as I may add and I may say in order to emphasize a statement that you are making.

- They spent their afternoons playing golf -- extremely badly, I may add -- around Loch Lomond.

- Both of them, I may say, are thoroughly reliable men.

MODAL emphasis

14. may
If you do something so that a particular thing may happen, you do it so that there is an opportunity for that thing to happen.

- ...the need for an increase in the numbers of surgeons so that patients may be treated as soon as possible...

- The door is shut so that no one may overhear what is said.

MODAL
= can

15. may
People sometimes use may to express hopes and wishes. (FORMAL)

- Courage seems now to have deserted him. May it quickly reappear.

MODAL: MODAL n v

May

[mei]

n.

五月

May *****

May Mays
May is the fifth month of the year in the Western calendar.
N-VAR

maybe

[D.J.:ˈmeibi:]

[K.K.:ˈmebi]

adv.

很可能; 大概

maybe ****

1. maybe
You use maybe to express uncertainty, for example when you do not know that something is definitely true, or when you are mentioning something that may possibly happen in the future in the way you describe.

- Maybe she is in love.

- Maybe he sincerely wanted to help his country.

- I do think about having children, maybe when I'm 40.

- Things are maybe not as good as they should be.

- Bill will come on then maybe Ralph, then Bobby and Johnny doing their hits.

ADV: ADV with cl/group vagueness
= perhaps

2. maybe
You use maybe when you are making suggestions or giving advice. Maybe is also used to introduce polite requests.

- Maybe we can go to the movies or something.

- Maybe you'd better tell me what this is all about.

- Maybe you shouldn't eat in that restaurant anymore.

- Maybe if you tell me a little about her?.

- Wait a while, maybe a few days.

ADV: ADV with cl/group politeness
= perhaps

3. maybe
You use maybe to indicate that, although a comment is partly true, there is also another point of view that should be considered.

- Maybe there is jealousy, but I think the envy is more powerful.

- OK, maybe I am a failure, but, in my opinion, no more than the rest of this country.

ADV: ADV cl
= perhaps

4. maybe
You can say maybe as a response to a question or remark, when you do not want to agree or disagree.

- `Do you think that another country will step in to become the dominant military powers in the region?' --- `Maybe.'.

- `Is she coming back?' --- `Maybe. No one hears from her.'

ADV: ADV as reply
= perhaps

5. maybe
You use maybe when you are making a rough guess at a number, quantity, or value, rather than stating it exactly.

- The men were maybe a hundred feet away and coming closer.

ADV: ADV amount vagueness
= about

6. maybe
People use maybe to mean `sometimes', particularly in a series of general statements about what someone does, or about something that regularly happens.

- They'll come to the bar for a year, or maybe even two, then they'll find another favourite spot.

ADV: ADV with cl/group

maybe

adverb

perhaps

perchance archaic

possibly

Mayday

[D.J.:ˈmeidei]

[K.K.:ˈmeˌde]

n.

救难信号

Mayday

1. Mayday Maydays
If someone in a plane or ship sends out a Mayday or a Mayday message, they send out a radio message calling for help because they are in serious difficulty.

- He raced to pick up the lifejackets while his stepmother sent out a Mayday call.

N-COUNT

2. Mayday
` Mayday! Mayday! ' is the phrase that is used in Mayday messages to indicate that help is needed.
CONVENTION

May Day *

May Day
May Day is the 1st of May, which in many countries is celebrated as a public holiday, especially as one in honour of working people.
N-UNCOUNT

mayfly

[D.J.:ˈmeiflai]

[K.K.:ˈmeˌflaɪ]

n.

蜉蝣类,飞蝼蛄

mayfly

mayfly mayflies
A mayfly is an insect which lives near water and only lives for a very short time as an adult.
N-COUNT

mayhem

[D.J.:ˈmeɪˌhem, ˈmeɪəm]

[K.K.:ˈmeˌhɛm, ˈmeəm]

n.

大混乱, 大破坏

伤人致残罪;严重伤害罪

mayhem *

mayhem
You use mayhem to refer to a situation that is not controlled or ordered, when people are behaving in a disorganized, confused, and often violent way.

- Their arrival caused mayhem as crowds of refugees rushed towards them.

- ...the economic mayhem that this country's going through now.

N-UNCOUNT
= chaos

mayhem

noun

chaos

commotion

confusion

destruction

disorder

fracas

havoc

trouble

violence

mayn't

[D.J.:meint]

[K.K.:ˈmeənt, ment]

n.

may not的缩写

mayn't

mayn't
Mayn't is a spoken form of may not .

mayo

[ˈmeiəu]

n.

〈口〉蛋黄酱

mayo

mayo
Mayo is the same as mayonnaise . (INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

mayonnaise

[D.J.:ˌmeɪəˈneɪz, ˈmeɪəˌneɪz]

[K.K.:ˌmeəˈnez, ˈmeəˌnez]

n.

蛋黄酱

mayonnaise *

mayonnaise
Mayonnaise is a thick pale sauce made from egg yolks and oil. It is put on salad.
N-UNCOUNT

mayor

[D.J.:mɛə]

[K.K.:ˈmeɚ, mɛr]

n.

市长

mayor ***

mayor mayors
The mayor of a town or city is the person who has been elected to represent it for a fixed period of time or, in some places, to run its government.
N-COUNT: oft the N of n

mayoress

[D.J.:ˈmɛəris]

[K.K.:ˈmeərɪs, ˈmɛrɪs]

n.

市长夫人,女市长

mayoress

1. mayoress mayoresses
A woman who holds the office of mayor is sometimes referred to as a mayoress . (BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. mayoress mayoresses
A mayoress is the wife of a mayor. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

may've

may've
May've is a spoken form of may have , especially when `have' is an auxiliary verb.

maze

[D.J.:meɪz]

[K.K.:mez]

n.

迷宫

maze *

1. maze mazes
A maze is a complex system of passages or paths between walls or hedges and is designed to confuse people who try to find their way through it, often as a form of amusement.

- The palace has extensive gardens, a maze, and tennis courts.

N-COUNT

2. maze mazes
A maze of streets, rooms, or tunnels is a large number of them that are connected in a complicated way, so that it is difficult to find your way through them.

- The children lead me through the maze of alleys to the edge of the city.

- ...a maze of dimly-lighted, brown-carpeted corridors.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= labyrinth

3. maze mazes
You can refer to a set of ideas, topics, or rules as a maze when a large number of them are related to each other in a complicated way that makes them difficult to understand.

- The book tries to steer you through the maze of alternative therapies.

- ...the maze of rules and regulations.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

maze

noun

1.

labyrinth

2.

web

confusion

imbroglio

tangle

MBA

abbr.

Main Battle Area 主要战区

Master of Business Administration 工商管理硕士

MBA

abbr.

Main Battle Area 主要战区

Master of Business Administration 工商管理硕士

MBA *

1. MBA MBAs
An MBA is a master's degree in business administration. You can also refer to a person who has this degree as an MBA . MBA is an abbreviation for `Master of Business Administration'.
N-COUNT (AM) also M.B.A.

2. MBA
MBA is written after someone's name to indicate that they have an MBA.
(AM) also M.B.A.

MBE

abbr.

英帝国勋章获得者

MBE

abbr.

英帝国勋章获得者

MBE

MBE MBEs
An MBE is a British honour that is awarded to a person by the King or Queen for a particular achievement. MBE is an abbreviation for `Member of the Order of the British Empire'.

- He had to go to Buckingham Palace to accept an MBE from the Queen.

- ...Olympic gold medallist Sally Gunnell, MBE.

N-COUNT: usu sing

MC

abbr.

Master of Ceremonies 司仪，节目主持人

MC *

MC
An MC is the same as a master of ceremonies .
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

McCoy

[D.J.:məˈkɔi]

[K.K.:məˈkɔɪ]

n.

本人(非替代者),真品(非代用品或冒牌货)

McCoy

McCoy
If you describe someone or something as the real McCoy , you mean that they really are what they claim to be and are not an imitation. (INFORMAL)
PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v
= genuine

MD

abbr.

=Maryland

=medical department 医务部

=muscular dystrophy 肌肉萎缩症

MD *

1. MD MDs
MD is written after someone's name to indicate that they have been awarded a degree in medicine and are qualified to practise as a doctor.
(AM) also M.D.

2. MD MDs
MD is an abbreviation for managing director . (mainly BRIT)

- He's going to be the MD of the Park Lane company.

N-COUNT (AM) also M.D.

me

[D.J.:mi:, mi]

[K.K.:mi]

pron.

(人称代词I的宾格)我

me *****

me
A speaker or writer uses me to refer to himself or herself. Me is a first person singular pronoun. Me is used as the object of a verb or a preposition.

- I had to make important decisions that would affect me for the rest of my life.

- He asked me to go to Cambridge with him.

- Give me a few hours to think about it.

- She looked up at me, smiling.

PRON-SING: v PRON, prep PRON

ME

abbr.

myalgic encephalomyelitis 〈医〉肌痛性脑脊髓炎

ME

ME
ME is a long-lasting illness that is thought to be caused by a virus. Its symptoms include feeling tired all the time and muscle pain. ME is an abbreviation for `myalgic encephalomyelitis'.
N-UNCOUNT
= chronic fatigue syndrome CFS

mead

[mi:d]

n.

蜂蜜酒,草地

mead

mead
In former times, mead was an alcoholic drink made of honey, spices, and water.
N-UNCOUNT

meadow

[D.J.:ˈmedəu]

[K.K.:ˈmɛdo]

n.

草地, 牧场; (河边的)低洼地

meadow *

meadow meadows
A meadow is a field which has grass and flowers growing in it.
N-COUNT

meadow

noun

field

grassland

lea poetic

pasture

meagre

[D.J.:ˈmi:gə]

[K.K.:ˈmiɡɚ]

adj.

(在数量、质量、力量等方面)贫乏的,不足的

meagre *

meagre
If you describe an amount or quantity of something as meagre , you are critical of it because it is very small or not enough.

- The bank's staff were already angered by a meagre 3.1% pay rise.

- Their food supply is meager.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) meager disapproval

meagre

adjective

insubstantial

inadequate

measly

paltry

poor

puny

scanty

slight

small

meal

[D.J.:mi:l]

[K.K.:mil]

n.

餐, 饭

进餐时间

meal ***

1. meal meals
A meal is an occasion when people sit down and eat, usually at a regular time.

- She sat next to him throughout the meal.

- It's rare that I have an evening meal with my children.

N-COUNT

2. meal meals
A meal is the food you eat during a meal.

- The waiter offered him red wine or white wine with his meal.

- Fresh fish makes a delicious meal.

N-COUNT

3. meal
Meal is a rough powder made of crushed grain. It is used to make flour or animal food.
N-UNCOUNT: usu n N

4. meal
If you think someone is taking more time and energy to do something than is necessary, you can say that they are making a meal of it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Lawyers always make such a meal of the simplest little thing.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

5. meal
If you have a square meal , you have a large healthy meal.
PHR: N inflects

meals on wheels

meals on wheels
In Britain, meals on wheels is a service provided by the local authority that delivers hot meals to people who are too old or too sick to cook for themselves.
N-UNCOUNT also Meals on Wheels .

meal ticket

meal ticket
If you say that something or someone is a meal ticket , you mean that they provide a person with money or a lifestyle which they would not otherwise have.

- His chosen field was unlikely to be a meal ticket for life.

- I don't intend to be a meal-ticket for anyone.

N-SING: usu a N also meal-ticket .

mealtime

[D.J.:ˈmi:lˌtaɪm]

[K.K.:ˈmilˌtaɪm]

n.

进餐时间;吃饭时间

mealtime

mealtime mealtimes
Mealtimes are occasions when you eat breakfast, lunch, or dinner.

- At mealtimes he would watch her eat.

- The bell rings 10 minutes before mealtime.

N-VAR: usu pl also meal time .

mealy

[ˈmi:li]

adj.

粉状的

mealy

mealy
Food that is dry and powdery can be described as mealy .

- ...the mealy stodge of pulse, grain and potato dishes.

ADJ-GRADED

mealy-mouthed

[D.J.:ˈmi:li:ˌmaʊðd, -ˌmaʊθt]

[K.K.:ˈmiliˌmaʊðd, -ˌmaʊθt]

adj.

说话拐弯抹角的;说话委婉的

mealy-mouthed

mealy-mouthed
If you say that someone is being mealy-mouthed , you are critical of them for being unwilling to speak in a simple or open way because they want to avoid talking directly about something unpleasant.

- He repeated that he did not intend to be mealy-mouthed with the country's leaders.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

mean

[D.J.:mi:n]

[K.K.:min]

vt.

表示…的意思

本意是, 原意为; 意味

怀有某目的; 打算

对某人有价值或重要

打算或注定要某人成为或做某事

adj.

吝啬的; 自私的

卑鄙的, 不善良的

中间的, 平均的

低微的

n.

平均数, 平均值

中间, 中庸

meaning

[D.J.:ˈmi:niŋ]

[K.K.:ˈminɪŋ]

n.

意思; 含义

重要性

meanings

n.

含义

meanly

[D.J.:ˈmi:nlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈminlɪ]

adv.

卑贱地;吝啬地;简陋地

meanness

[D.J.:ˈmi:nnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈminnɪs]

n.

卑贱;吝啬;劣等

恶意的行为

means

[mi:nz]

n.

方法, 手段

收入, 财富

meant

[D.J.:ment]

[K.K.:mɛnt]

(mean的过去式和过去分词)

be meant to be sth

一般认为

mean 1 verb uses *****

1. mean means meant
If you want to know what a word, code, signal, or gesture means , you want to know what it refers to or what its message is.

- In modern Welsh, `glas' means `blue'.

- What does `evidence' mean?.

- The red signal means you can shoot.

VB: no cont
= signify

2. mean means meant
If you ask someone what they mean , you are asking them to explain exactly what or who they are referring to or what they are intending to say.

- Do you mean me?.

- Let me illustrate what I mean with an old story.

- What do you think he means by that?.

- I think he means that he does not want this marriage to turn out like his friend's.

VB: no cont

3. mean means meant
If something means something to you, it is important to you in some way.

- The idea that she witnessed this shameful incident meant nothing to him.

- It would mean a lot to them to win.

VB: no cont

4. mean means meant
If one thing means another, it shows that the second thing exists or is true.

- An enlarged prostate does not necessarily mean cancer.

- Just because he has a beard doesn't necessarily mean he's a hippy.

VB: no cont
= prove

5. mean means meant
If one thing means another, the first thing leads to the second thing happening.

- It would almost certainly mean the end of NATO.

- Trade and product discounts can also mean big savings.

- The change will mean that the country no longer has full diplomatic relations with other states.

VB: no cont

6. mean means meaning meant
If doing one thing means doing another, it involves doing the second thing.

- Children universally prefer to live in peace and security, even if that means living with only one parent.

- Managing well means communicating well.

VB
= involve

7. mean means meant
If you say that you mean what you are saying, you are telling someone that you are serious about it and are not joking, exaggerating, or just being polite.

- He says you're fired if you're not back at work on Friday. And I think he meant it.

- He could see I meant what I said. So he took his fur coat and left.

VB: no cont

8. mean means meant
If you say that someone meant to do something, you are saying that they did it deliberately.

- I didn't mean to hurt you.

- If that sounds harsh, it is meant to.

- Did you mean to leave your dog here?.

- I can see why you believed my letters were threatening but I never meant them to be.

VB: no cont
= intend

9. mean means meant
If you say that someone did not mean any harm, offence, or disrespect, you are saying that they did not intend to upset or offend people or to cause problems, even though they may in fact have done so.

- I'm sure he didn't mean any harm.

- I didn't mean any offence. It was a flippant, off-the-cuff remark.

VB: no cont, with brd-neg
= intend

10. mean means meant
If you mean to do something, you intend or plan to do it.

- Summer is the perfect time to catch up on the new books you meant to read.

- You know very well what I meant to say.

- I mean to look after my body.

VB: no cont
= intend

11. mean means meant
If you say that something was meant to happen, you believe that it was made to happen by God or fate, and did not just happen by chance.

- John was constantly reassuring me that we were meant to be together.

VB: usu passive, no cont
= destined

12. mean
You say ` I mean ' when making clearer something that you have just said. (SPOKEN)

- It was his idea. Gordon's, I mean.

- Is something upsetting you -- I mean, apart from this business?

PHR: PHR with cl

13. mean
You can use ` I mean ' to introduce a statement, especially one that justifies something that you have just said. (SPOKEN)

- I'm sure he wouldn't mind. I mean, I was the one who asked him.

- They were filled with racial stereotypes, I mean, it looked like something from the 1930s.

PHR: PHR with cl

14. mean
You say I mean when correcting something that you have just said. (SPOKEN)

- It was law or classics -- I mean English or classics.

PHR: PHR with cl
= sorry

15. mean
If you know what it means to do something, you know everything that is involved in a particular activity or experience, especially the effect that it has on you.

- I know what it means to lose a child under such tragic circumstances.

PHR: Vs inflect, oft PHR to-inf

16. mean
If a name, word, or phrase means something to you, you have heard it before and you know what it refers to.

- `Oh, Gairdner,' he said, as if that meant something to him.

- Does the word `Fareham' mean anything to anyone?

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

17. mean
If you say that someone means well , you mean they are trying to be kind and helpful, even though they might be causing someone problems or upsetting them.

- I know you mean well, but I can manage by myself.

PHR: V inflects

18. mean
You use ` you mean ' in a question to check that you have understood what someone has said.

- What accident? You mean Christina's?.

- `What if I had said no?' `About the apartment, you mean?'

PHR: PHR with cl

mean 2 adjective uses **

1. mean meaner meanest
If you describe someone as mean , you are being critical of them because they are unwilling to spend much money or to use very much of a particular thing. (mainly BRIT; in AM use cheap or stingy )

- Don't be mean with fabric, otherwise curtains will end up looking skimpy.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= stingy

2. meanness

- This very careful attitude to money can sometimes border on meanness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. mean meaner meanest
If you describe an amount as mean , you are saying that it is very small. (BRIT)

- ...the meanest grant possible from the local council.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

4. mean meaner meanest
If someone is being mean , they are being unkind to another person, for example by not allowing them to do something.

- The little girls had locked themselves in upstairs because Mack had been mean to them.

- I'd feel mean saying no.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n
= unkind

5. meanly

- He had been behaving very meanly to his girlfriend.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

6. mean meaner meanest
If you describe a person or animal as mean , you are saying that they are very bad-tempered and cruel. (mainly AM)

- The state's former commissioner of prisons once called Leonard the meanest man he'd ever seen.

ADJ-GRADED

7. mean meaner meanest
If you describe a place as mean , you think that it looks poor and dirty.

- He was raised on the mean streets of the central market district of Panama City.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

8. mean
You can use mean in expressions such as ` He plays a mean trumpet ' and ` She mixes a mean cocktail ' to indicate that someone does something extremely well. (INFORMAL)

- He cooks a mean salmon.

- Marge played a mean game of tennis.

ADJ: ADJ n approval

9. mean
You can use no mean in expressions such as ` no mean writer ' and ` no mean golfer ' to indicate that someone does something well. (INFORMAL)

- She was no mean performer on a variety of other instruments.

- Moreover, Ramsay was no mean thinker himself.

PHR: PHR n approval

10. mean
You can use no mean in expressions such as ` no mean achievement ' and ` no mean task ' to indicate that someone has done something they deserve to be proud of.

- To destroy 121 enemy aircraft is no mean record.

- Repton reached the final, and since around 1,500 schools entered the competition, that was no mean achievement.

PHR: PHR n

mean 3 noun use

mean
The mean is a number that is the average of a set of numbers.

- Take a hundred and twenty values and calculate the mean.

- ...the mean score for 26-year-olds.

N-SING: the N, oft N n
= average

See also means .

meaning ***

1. meaning meanings
The meaning of a word, expression, or gesture is the thing or idea that it refers to or represents and which can be explained using other words.

- I hadn't a clue to the meaning of `activism'.

- I became more aware of the symbols and their meanings.

N-VAR

2. meaning meanings
The meaning of what someone says or of something such as a book or film is the thoughts or ideas that are intended to be expressed by it.

- Unsure of the meaning of this remark, Ryle chose to remain silent.

- Her book is not without autobiographical meaning.

N-VAR
= significance

3. meaning
If an activity or action has meaning , it has a purpose and is worthwhile.

- Art has real meaning when it helps people to understand themselves.

- ...a challenge that gives meaning to life.

N-UNCOUNT
= purpose

4. meaning
If you mention something and say that someone doesn't know the meaning of the word , you are emphasizing that they have never experienced the thing mentioned or do not have the quality mentioned.

- Don't mention failure when Kevin is around. He doesn't know the meaning of the word.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

means ****

1. means
A means of doing something is a method, instrument, or process which can be used to do it. Means is both the singular and the plural form for this use.

- The move is a means to fight crime.

- The army had perfected the use of terror as a means of controlling the population.

- Business managers are focused on increasing their personal wealth by any available means.

N-COUNT: with supp

2. means
You can refer to the money that someone has as their means . (FORMAL)

- ...a person of means...

- He did not have the means to compensate her.

N-PLURAL

3. means
If someone is living beyond their means , they are spending more money than they can afford. If someone is living within their means , they are not spending more money than they can afford.

- The more gifts she received, the more she craved, until he was living beyond his means.

- It is far better to pay off old debts steadily by living within your means.

PHR: v PHR, v-link PHR

4. means
If you do something by means of a particular method, instrument, or process, you do it using that method, instrument, or process.

- This is a two year course taught by means of lectures and seminars.

- The trailer was connected to the car by means of a complicated system of hoses, pipes and rods.

PHR-PREP

5. means
You can say ` by all means ' to tell someone that you are very willing to allow them to do something.

- `Can I come and have a look at your house?' --- `Yes by all means'.

CONVENTION formulae

6. means
You use expressions such as ` by no means ', ` not by any means ', and ` by no manner of means ' to emphasize that something is not true.

- This is by no means out of the ordinary.

- They were not finished, however, not by any means.

PHR: PHR with cl/group, PHR before v emphasis

7. means
If you say that something is a means to an end , you mean that it helps you to achieve what you want, although it may not be enjoyable or important itself.

- We seem to have lost sight of the fact that marketing is only a means to an end.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

meant **

1. Meant is the past tense and past participle of mean .

2. meant
You use meant to to say that something or someone was intended to be or do a particular thing, especially when they have failed to be or do it.

- I can't say any more, it's meant to be a big secret.

- The decor was meant to keep the mind concentrated on the making of money.

- I'm meant to be on holiday.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to-inf
= be supposed to

3. meant
If something is meant for particular people or for a particular situation, it is intended for those people or for that situation.

- Fairy tales weren't just meant for children.

- The seeds were not meant for human consumption.

- The letter might not have been meant for me at all.

ADJ: v-link ADJ for n
= intended

4. meant
If you say that something is meant to happen, you mean that it is expected to happen or that it ought to happen.

- The peculiar thing about getting engaged is that you're meant to announce it to everyone.

- Parties are meant to be fun.

PHR-MODAL
= be supposed to

5. meant
If you say that something is meant to have a particular quality or characteristic, you mean that it has a reputation for being like that.

- Spurs are meant to be one of the top teams in the world.

PHR-MODAL
= be thought to

mean

verb

1.

signify

convey

denote

express

imply

indicate

represent

spell

stand for

symbolize

2.

intend

aim

aspire

design

desire

plan

set out

want

wish

mean

adjective

1.

miserly

mercenary

niggardly

parsimonious

penny-pinching

stingy

tight-fisted

ungenerous

2.

despicable

callous

contemptible

hard-hearted

petty

shabby

shameful

sordid

vile

mean

noun

1.

average

balance

compromise

happy medium

middle

midpoint

norm

adjective

2.

average

middle

standard

meaning

noun

sense

connotation

drift

gist

message

significance

substance

meanness

noun

1.

miserliness

niggardliness

parsimony

selfishness

stinginess

2.

pettiness

disgracefulness

ignobility

narrow-mindedness

shabbiness

shamefulness

means

plural noun

1.

method

agency

instrument

medium

mode

process

way

2.

money

affluence

capital

fortune

funds

income

resources

wealth

wherewithal

by all means

3.

certainly

definitely

doubtlessly

of course

surely

by no means

4.

in no way

definitely not

not in the least

on no account

meander

[D.J.:mi:ˈændə]

[K.K.:miˈændɚ]

vi.

(指溪流、河流等)蜿蜒而流

n.

曲径

迂回曲折的旅程

meandering

[miˈændəriŋ]

n.

蜿蜒的河流,漫步,聊天

adj.

蜿蜒的,漫步的,聊天的

meander *

1. meander meanders meandering meandered
If a river or road meanders , it has a lot of bends, rather than going in a straight line from one place to another.

- ...roads that meandered round the edges of the fields...

- A rural single railway track meanders through the valley.

- The small river meandered in lazy curves down the centre.

- We crossed a small iron bridge over a meandering stream.

VB

2. meander meanders
A meander is a large bend in a river.
N-COUNT

3. meander meanders meandering meandered
If you meander somewhere, you move slowly and not in a straight line.

- We meandered through a landscape of mountains, rivers, and vineyards.

- It's so restful to meander along Irish country roads.

VB

4. meander meanders meandering meandered
If a speech, account, or piece of writing meanders , it seems to move from one topic to another without any order or purpose.

- His sensitive and considerate talk appears to meander but by the end is seen to do so in order to focus attention on the true state of affairs.

- ...a rich and meandering novel.

VB

meander

verb

1.

wind

snake

turn

zigzag

2.

wander

ramble

stroll

noun

3.

curve

bend

coil

loop

turn

twist

zigzag

meaningful

[D.J.:ˈmi:nɪŋfəl]

[K.K.:ˈminɪŋfəl]

adj.

有目的的,有用意的;有意义的

meaningfully

adv.

意味深长地

meaningfulness

n.

富有意义

meaningful **

1. meaningful
If you describe something as meaningful , you mean that it is serious, important, or useful in some way.

- She believes these talks will be the start of a constructive and meaningful dialogue.

- He asked people to tell him about a meaningful event or period in their lives.

ADJ-GRADED
= significant

2. meaningfully

- This in effect denied them their right to participate meaningfully in elections.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= significantly

3. meaningful
A meaningful look or gesture is one that is intended to express something, usually to a particular person, without anything being said.

- Upon the utterance of this word, Dan and Harry exchanged a quick, meaningful look.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. meaningfully

- He glanced meaningfully at the other policeman, then he went up the stairs.

- `Who's your publisher?' --- `Lockett Press,' she said, and she raised an eyebrow meaningfully.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v, also ADV -ed

meaningfully

meaningfully
You use meaningfully to indicate that someone has deliberately chosen their words in order to express something in a way which is not obvious but which is understood by the person they are talking to.

- `I have a knack for making friends, you know,' she added meaningfully.

- `I was once as bewildered as you are,' she said meaningfully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
See also meaningful .

meaningful

adjective

significant

important

material

purposeful

relevant

useful

valid

worthwhile

meaningless

[D.J.:ˈmi:nɪŋlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈminɪŋlɪs]

adj.

毫无意义的;毫无目的的;无价值的;不重要的;无所谓的

意思不明确的;晦涩的

meaninglessly

adv.

meaninglessness

n.

meaningless *

1. meaningless
If something that someone says or writes is meaningless , it has no meaning, or appears to have no meaning.

- The sentence `kicked the ball the man' is meaningless.

- She is fascinated by algebra while he considers it meaningless nonsense.

ADJ-GRADED

2. meaningless
Something that is meaningless in a particular situation is not important or relevant.

- Widespread political and economic disarray threatens to make the constitution meaningless.

- Fines are meaningless to guys earning millions.

ADJ-GRADED

3. meaningless
If something that you do is meaningless , it has no purpose and is not at all worthwhile.

- They seek strong sensations to dull their sense of a meaningless existence.

ADJ-GRADED
= futile

meaningless

adjective

pointless

empty

futile

inane

inconsequential

insignificant

senseless

useless

vain

worthless

means test

means test means tests
A means test is a test in which your income is calculated in order to decide whether you qualify for a grant or benefit from the state.
N-COUNT: usu sing

means-tested

means-tested
A grant or benefit that is means-tested varies in amount depending on a means test.

- ...means-tested benefits.

ADJ

meantime

[D.J.:ˈmi:ntaim]

[K.K.:ˈminˌtaɪm]

adv.

同时; 其间

n.

其时, 其间

meantime **

1. meantime
In the meantime or meantime means in the period of time between two events.

- Eventually your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult, but in the meantime she relies on your support.

- It now hopes to hold elections in February. Meantime, the state will continue to be run from Delhi.

PHR with cl
= meanwhile

2. meantime
For the meantime means for a period of time from now until something else happens.

- The Prime Minister has, for the meantime, seen off the challenge of the opposition.

- For the meantime, the opinion polls have to be taken on trust.

PHR with cl
= for the moment

meantime meanwhile

adverb

at the same time

concurrently

in the interim

simultaneously

meanwhile

[D.J.:ˈmi:nˌ hwail]

[K.K.:ˈminˌhwaɪl, -ˌwaɪl]

adv.

同时; 其间

n.

其时, 其间

meanwhile ****

1. meanwhile
Meanwhile means while a particular thing is happening.

- Brush the aubergines with oil, add salt and pepper, and bake till soft. Meanwhile, heat the remaining oil in a heavy pan.

- Kate turned to beckon Peter across from the car, but Bill waved him back, meanwhile pushing Kate inside.

ADV: ADV with cl

2. meanwhile
In the meanwhile means the same as meanwhile .

- You needn't worry; I'll be ready to greet them. Meanwhile I'm off to discuss the Fowler's party with Felix.

- `I can very easily explain my dealings with them.' --- `I am sure you can, sir. But in the meanwhile I must ask you to come with me.'

PHR: PHR with cl

3. meanwhile
You use meanwhile to introduce a different aspect of a particular situation, especially one that is completely opposite to the one previously mentioned.

- Personally, he had always found his wife's mother a bit annoying. The mother-daughter relationship, meanwhile, was close, and he understandably felt like an outsider.

ADV: ADV with cl

measles

[D.J.:ˈmi:zəlz]

[K.K.:ˈmizəlz]

n.

<医>麻疹

measles *

measles
Measles is an infectious illness that gives you a high temperature and red spots on your skin.
N-UNCOUNT: also the N

measly

[D.J.:ˈmi:zli]

[K.K.:ˈmizli]

adj.

患麻疹的

measly

measly
If you describe an amount, quantity, or size as measly , you are critical of it because it is very small or inadequate. (INFORMAL)

- The average British bathroom measures a measly 3.5 square metres.

- ...a measly twelve-year-old like me.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n, oft a ADJ amount disapproval

measly

adjective

meagre

miserable

paltry

pathetic

pitiful

poor

puny

scanty

skimpy

measurable

[D.J.:ˈmeʒərəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈmɛʒərəbəl]

adj.

可量度的, 可测量的, 可衡量的

明显的;重大的

measurably

[ˈmeʒərəbli]

adv.

可测定程度,可视地

measurable *

1. measurable
If you describe something as measurable , you mean that it is large enough to be noticed or to be significant. (FORMAL)

- Both leaders seemed to expect measurable progress.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. measurably

- The old man's voice was measurably weaker than the last time they'd talked.

- After this, the pace of events quickened measurably.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv, ADV with v

3. measurable
Something that is measurable can be measured.

- Economists emphasize measurable quantities -- the number of jobs, the per capita income.

- So far the effect is barely measurable.

ADJ-GRADED

measurable

adjective

quantifiable

assessable

perceptible

significant

measure

[D.J.:ˈmeʒə]

[K.K.:ˈmɛʒɚ]

vt. & vi.

量

vt.

量出; 记录

估计, 估量

仔细考虑

(通过竞争, 冲突等)考验某事物, 较量

link v.

有…大小

n.

测量

计量制, 度量法

计量单位

量具, 量器

尺度, 标准

程度, 地步

措施, 办法

measured

[D.J.:ˈmeʒəd]

[K.K.:ˈmɛʒəd]

adj.

仔细斟酌的,慎重的

缓慢而又有节奏的

measuring

[ˈmeʒəriŋ]

测量

measure ****

1. measure measures measuring measured
If you measure the quality, value, or effect of something, you discover or judge how great it is.

- I continued to measure his progress against the charts in the doctor's office.

- A grammar school's success was measured in terms of the number of pupils who got into university.

- It was difficult to measure the precise impact of the labor action.

VB
= assess

2. measure measures measuring measured
If you measure a quantity that can be expressed in numbers, such as the length of something, you discover it using a particular instrument or device, for example a ruler.

- Measure the length and width of the gap.

- He measured the speed at which ultrasonic waves travel along the bone.

VB

3. measure measures measured
If something measures a particular length, width, or amount, that is its size or intensity, expressed in numbers.

- The house is more than twenty metres long and measures six metres in width.

- This hand-decorated plate measures 30cm across.

- Their paddock measures 24 metres square.

VB: no cont
= be

4. measure
A measure of a particular quality, feeling, or activity is a fairly large amount of it. (FORMAL)

- With the exception of Juan, each attained a measure of success.

- The colonies were claiming a larger measure of self-government.

N-SING: N of n
= degree

5. measure
If you say that one aspect of a situation is a measure of that situation, you mean that it shows that the situation is very serious or has developed to a very great extent.

- It is a measure of their plight that few of them have anywhere to go to.

- That is a measure of how bad things have become at the bank.

N-SING: N of n/wh

6. measure measures
When someone, usually a government or other authority, takes measures to do something, they carry out particular actions in order to achieve a particular result. (FORMAL)

- The government warned that police would take tougher measures to contain the trouble.

- He said stern measures would be taken against the killers.

- As a precautionary measure repeat the medication.

N-COUNT: oft N to-inf, N against n
= step

7. measure measures
A measure of a strong alcoholic drink such as brandy or whisky is an amount of it in a glass. In pubs and bars, a measure is an official standard amount.

- He poured himself another generous measure of malt.

- ...a pub measure of spirits.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

8. measure measures
In music, a measure is one of the several short parts of the same length into which a piece of music is divided. (AM; in BRIT use bar )
N-COUNT

9. measure
If you say that something has changed or that it has affected you beyond measure , you are emphasizing that it has done this to a great extent.

- Mankind's knowledge of the universe has increased beyond measure.

- She irritated him beyond measure.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis
= beyond belief

10. measure
If you say that something is done for good measure , you mean that it is done in addition to a number of other things.

- I repeated my question for good measure.

- For good measure, a few details of hotels were included.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR with cl

11. measure
If you get or take the measure of someone or something, you discover what they are like, so that you are able to control them or deal with them. If you have the measure of someone or something, you have succeeded in doing this.

- The governments of the industrialized world had failed to get the measure of the crisis.

- Has he taken the measure of us and concluded that we're not willing to risk a life?.

- Lili was the only person I knew who had the measure of her brother.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

12. measure
If something is true in some measure or in large measure , it is partly or mostly true. (FORMAL)

- Power is in some measure an act of will.

- In Britain, we have so far escaped, in large measure, either of these afflictions.

PHR: PHR with cl

measured

measured
You use measured to describe something that is careful and deliberate.

- The men spoke in soft, measured tones.

- Her more measured response will appeal to voters.

- They have to proceed at a measured pace.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

measuring

measuring
A measuring jug, cup, or spoon is specially designed for measuring quantities, especially in cooking.
ADJ: ADJ n

measure

noun

1.

quantity

allotment

allowance

amount

portion

quota

ration

share

2.

gauge

metre

rule

scale

yardstick

3.

action

act

deed

expedient

manoeuvre

means

procedure

step

4.

law

act

bill

resolution

statute

5.

rhythm

beat

cadence

metre

verse

verb

6.

quantify

assess

calculate

calibrate

compute

determine

evaluate

gauge

weigh

measured

adjective

1.

steady

dignified

even

leisurely

regular

sedate

slow

solemn

stately

unhurried

2.

considered

calculated

deliberate

reasoned

sober

studied

well-thought-out

measure out ****

measure out measures out; measuring out; measured out
If you measure out a certain amount of something, you measure that amount and take it or mark it because it is the amount that you want or need.

- I'd already measured out the ingredients.

- He was on the front lawn, measuring out two circles.

PHR-V

measure up ****

measure up measures up; measuring up; measured up
If you do not measure up to a standard or to someone's expectations, you are not good enough to achieve the standard or fulfil the person's expectations.

- It was fatiguing sometimes to try to measure up to her standard of perfection.

- She's always comparing me to other people, and somehow I never measure up.

PHR-V: usu with brd-neg

measurement

[D.J.:ˈmeʒəmənt]

[K.K.:ˈmɛʒəmənt]

n.

量度; 测量, 衡量

(量得的)尺寸

measurement **

1. measurement measurements
A measurement is a result, usually expressed in numbers, that you obtain by measuring something.

- We took lots of measurements.

- The measurements are extraordinarily accurate.

N-COUNT

2. measurement measurements
Measurement of something is the process of measuring it in order to obtain a result expressed in numbers.

- Measurement of blood pressure can be undertaken by practice nurses.

N-VAR: oft N of n

3. measurement measurements
The measurement of the quality, value, or effect of something is the activity of deciding how great it is.

- ...the measurement of output in the non-market sector.

N-VAR: oft N of n

4. measurement measurements
Your measurements are the size of your waist, chest, hips, and other parts of your body, which you need to know when you are buying clothes.
N-PLURAL: with poss

measurement

noun

calculation

assessment

calibration

computation

evaluation

mensuration

valuation

meat

[D.J.:mi:t]

[K.K.:mit]

n.

肉

主要[重要]的部分

meat ***

1. meat meats
Meat is flesh taken from a dead animal that people cook and eat.

- Meat and fish are relatively expensive.

- ...imported meat products.

- ...a buffet of cold meats and salads.

N-MASS

2. meat
If you say something is meat and drink to someone, you mean that they enjoy it very much. (mainly BRIT)

- What normal people considered pressure was meat and drink to him.

PHR: usu v-link PHR to n

3. meat
If you refer to the meat and potatoes of something, you mean its most basic, simple, and essential parts. (AM)

- What they want is the meat and potatoes of how we're going to improve this country and get our country moving again.

PHR: oft the PHR of

meat

noun

flesh

meatball

[D.J.:ˈmi:tˌbɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈmitˌbɔl]

n.

肉丸

meatball

meatball meatballs
Meatballs are small balls of chopped meat. They are usually eaten with a sauce.
N-COUNT: usu pl

meat grinder

meat grinder meat grinders
A meat grinder is a machine which cuts meat into very small pieces by forcing it through very small holes. (AM; in BRIT use mincer )
N-COUNT

meat loaf

meat loaf meat loaves
Meat loaf is chopped meat made into the shape of a loaf of bread.
N-VAR also meatloaf .

meaty

[D.J.:ˈmi:ti:]

[K.K.:ˈmiti]

adj.

多肉的；肉厚的, 肥的

<非正>内容丰富的；发人深思的，耐人寻味的

meaty

1. meaty meatier meatiest
Food that is meaty contains a lot of meat.

- ...a pleasant lasagne with a meaty sauce.

ADJ-GRADED

2. meaty meatier meatiest
You can describe something such as a piece of writing or a part in a film as meaty if it contains a lot of interesting or important material.

- The short, meaty reports are those he likes best.

- Famous for playing dizzy blondes, this time she has been given a more meaty role.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. meaty meatier meatiest
You can describe a part of someone's body as meaty if it is big and strong.

- He looked up and down the corridor, meaty hands resting on his thighs.

- ...a pleasant lady with meaty arms.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

meaty

adjective

1.

brawny

beefy informal

burly

heavily built

heavy

muscular

solid

strapping

sturdy

2.

interesting

meaningful

profound

rich

significant

substantial

mecca

[D.J.:ˈmekə]

[K.K.:ˈmɛkə]

n.

众人渴望去的地方

mecca *

1. mecca
Mecca is a city in Saudi Arabia, which is the holiest city in Islam because the Prophet Mohammed was born there. All Muslims face towards Mecca when they pray.
N-PROPER

2. mecca meccas
If you describe a place as a mecca or Mecca for a particular thing or activity, you mean that many people who are interested in it go there.

- His Batley Variety Club became a mecca for high-class acts and mass audiences.

- Thailand has become the tourist mecca of Asia.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

mechanic

[D.J.:miˈkænik]

[K.K.:mɪˈkænɪk]

n.

技工, 机修工

mechanics

[D.J.:mɪˈkænɪks]

[K.K.:mɪˈkænɪks]

n.

力学;机械学

机件;过程;方法

mechanic **

1. mechanic mechanics
A mechanic is someone whose job is to repair and maintain machines and engines, especially car engines.

- If you smell something unusual (gas fumes or burning, for instance), take the car to your mechanic.

- An elevator mechanic can work the machinery directly by turning this lever.

N-COUNT

2. mechanic mechanics
The mechanics of a process, system, or activity are the way in which it works or the way in which it is done.

- What are the mechanics of this new process?.

- The mechanics of the job, however, have changed little since then.

N-PLURAL: usu the N of n

3. mechanic
Mechanics is the part of physics that deals with the natural forces that act on moving or stationary objects.

- ...the other great theory of 20th-century physics, quantum mechanics...

- He has not studied mechanics or engineering.

N-UNCOUNT

mechanical

[D.J.:miˈkænikəl]

[K.K.:mɪˈkænɪkəl]

adj.

机械的, 力学的

机械似的; 呆板的

mechanically

[D.J.:mɪˈkænɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:mɪˈkænɪkəlɪ]

adv.

机械方面地;机械地;物理上地

机械地;盲目地；呆板地

mechanical **

1. mechanical
A mechanical device has parts that move when it is working, often using power from an engine or from electricity.

- ...a small mechanical device that taps out the numbers.

- ...the oldest working mechanical clock in the world...

- Most mechanical devices require oil as a lubricant.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. mechanically

- The air was circulated mechanically.

ADV: ADV with v

3. mechanical
Mechanical means relating to machines and engines and the way they work.

- ...mechanical engineering...

- The company undertakes mechanical work on all types of cars.

- The train had stopped due to a mechanical problem.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. mechanically

- The car was mechanically sound, he decided.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

5. mechanical
If you describe a person as mechanical , you mean they are naturally good at understanding how machines work.

- He was a very mechanical person, who knew a lot about sound.

- I'm not mechanical like my father; I have to follow the instructions.

ADJ-GRADED

6. mechanically

- I'm not mechanically minded.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed

7. mechanical
If you describe someone's action as mechanical , you mean that they do it automatically, without thinking about it.

- It is real prayer, and not mechanical repetition.

- Many girls have a kind of mechanical attitude towards sex.

- Her retort was mechanical.

ADJ-GRADED

8. mechanically

- He nodded mechanically, his eyes fixed on the girl.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

mechanical

adjective

1.

automatic

automated

2.

unthinking

automatic

cursory

impersonal

instinctive

involuntary

perfunctory

routine

unfeeling

mechanism

[D.J.:ˈmekənizəm]

[K.K.:ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm]

n.

机械装置

构造, 机制

办法, 技巧, 途径

mechanism ***

1. mechanism mechanisms
In a machine or piece of equipment, a mechanism is a part, often consisting of a set of smaller parts, which performs a particular function.

- ...the locking mechanism.

- ...a terrorist bomb has been detonated by a special mechanism.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

2. mechanism mechanisms
A mechanism is a special way of getting something done within a particular system.

- There's no mechanism for punishing arms exporters who break the rules.

- ...the clumsy and ineffective mechanism of price controls.

N-COUNT: with supp

3. mechanism mechanisms
A mechanism is a part of your behaviour that is automatic and that helps you to survive or to cope with a difficult situation.

- ...a survival mechanism, a means of coping with intolerable stress.

N-COUNT: with supp

mechanism

noun

1.

machine

apparatus

appliance

contrivance

device

instrument

tool

2.

process

agency

means

method

operation

procedure

system

technique

mechanistic

[D.J.:ˌmekəˈnistik]

[K.K.:ˌmɛkəˈnɪstɪk]

adj.

机械论学说的,机械论的

mechanistic

mechanistic
If you describe a view or explanation of something as mechanistic , you are criticizing it because it describes a natural or social process as if it were a machine.

- ...a mechanistic view of things that ignores the emotional realities in people's lives...

- Most of my colleagues in biology are still very mechanistic in their thinking.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

mechanization

[D.J.:ˌmekənaɪˈzeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌm ɛkənəˈzeʃən]

n.

机械化

mechanize

[D.J.:ˈmekəˌnaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈmɛkəˌnaɪz]

vt. & vi.

使(过程、工厂等)机械化

mechanize *

1. mechanize mechanizes mechanizing mechanized
If someone mechanizes a process, they cause it to be done by a machine or machines, when it was previously done by people.

- Only gradually are technologies being developed to mechanize the task.

- Perhaps, in time, this treatment will be mechanised.

VB (BRIT) also mechanise

2. mechanized

- ...highly mechanised production methods.

ADJ-GRADED

3. mechanization

- Mechanization happened years ago on the farms of Islay.

N-UNCOUNT

medal

[D.J.:ˈmedəl]

[K.K.:ˈmɛdl]

n.

奖章, 奖牌

medal ***

medal medals
A medal is a small metal disc which is given as an award for bravery or as a prize in a sporting event.
N-COUNT

medallion

[D.J.:mɪˈdæljən]

[K.K.:mɪˈdæljən]

n.

大奖章,大勋章

(大奖章形的)圆形图案(饰物)

medallion

medallion medallions
A medallion is a round metal disc which some people wear as an ornament, especially on a chain round their neck.
N-COUNT

medallist

[D.J.:ˈmedɵlɪst]

n.

勋章或奖章的获得者

medallist *

medallist medallists
A medallist is a person who has won a medal in sport. (JOURNALISM)

- ...the Olympic gold medallists.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

meddle

[D.J.:ˈmedl]

[K.K.:ˈmɛdl..]

vi.

干涉, 干预(他人事务)

meddler

n.

爱管闲事的人,干涉者

meddle *

1. meddle meddles meddling meddled
If you say that someone meddles in something, you are criticizing the fact that they try to influence or change it without being asked.

- Already some people are asking whether scientists have any right to meddle in such matters.

- If only you hadn't felt compelled to meddle.

- ...the inept and meddling bureaucrats.

VB disapproval
= interfere

2. meddler meddlers

- They view activists as little more than meddlers.

N-COUNT

meddle

verb

interfere

butt in

intervene

intrude

pry

tamper

meddlesome

[D.J.:ˈmedlsəm]

[K.K.:ˈmɛdl..səm]

adj.

好干预的;爱管闲事的

meddlesome

meddlesome
If you describe a person as meddlesome , you are criticizing them because they try to influence or change things that do not concern them.

- ...a meddlesome member of the public.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= interfering

meddlesome

adjective

interfering

intrusive

meddling

mischievous

officious

prying

media

[D.J.:ˈmi:djə]

[K.K.:ˈmidiə]

n.

媒体

medium

[D.J.:ˈmi:djəm]

[K.K.:ˈmidiəm]

n.

媒介, 手段, 方法, 工具

折中, 中间物

生活条件, 环境

通灵的人

adj.

中等的, 适中的

mediums

[ˈmi:diəmz]

n.

中期证券

media ****

1. media
You can refer to television, radio, newspapers, and magazines as the media .

- It is hard work and not a glamorous job as portrayed by the media.

- They are wondering whether bias in the news media contributed to the president's defeat.

- Media coverage of cycling in July was pretty impressive.

N-SING-COLL: the N
See also mass media , multimedia .

2. media
Media is a plural of medium .

medium ***

1. medium
If something is of medium size, it is neither large nor small, but approximately half way between the two.

- A medium dose produces severe nausea within hours.

- He was of medium height with blond hair and light blue eyes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. medium
You use medium to describe something which is average in degree or amount, or approximately half way along a scale between two extremes.

- Foods that contain only medium levels of sodium are bread, cakes, milk, butter and margarine.

- ...a sweetish, medium-strength beer.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. medium
Also an adverb.

- Cook under a medium-hot grill.

ADV: ADV adj

4. medium
If something is of a medium colour, it is neither light nor dark, but approximately half way between the two.

- Andrea has medium brown hair, grey eyes and very pale skin.

- When violet is added to the medium blue a particularly striking, warm coloration is created.

COMB in COLOUR

5. medium media
A medium is a way or means of expressing your ideas or of communicating with people.

- In Sierra Leone, English is used as the medium of instruction for all primary education.

- But Artaud was increasingly dissatisfied with film as a medium.

N-COUNT The plural of the noun can be either mediums or media

6. medium media
A medium is a substance or material which is used for a particular purpose or in order to produce a particular effect.

- Blood is the medium in which oxygen is carried to all parts of the body.

- Hyatt has found a way of creating these qualities using the more permanent medium of oil paint.

N-COUNT The plural of the noun can be either mediums or media

7. medium mediums
A medium is a person who claims to be able to contact and speak to people who are dead, and to pass messages between them and people who are still alive.
N-COUNT The plural of the noun is mediums

8. medium
If you strike or find a happy medium between two extreme and opposite courses of action, you find a sensible way of behaving that is somewhere between the two extremes.

- I still aim to strike a happy medium between producing football that's worth watching and getting results.

- It's very difficult to strike a happy medium and make it right for everybody.

PHR: PHR after v

medium

adjective

1.

middle

average

fair

intermediate

mean

median

mediocre

middling

midway

noun

2.

middle

average

centre

compromise

mean

midpoint

3.

means

agency

channel

instrument

mode

organ

vehicle

way

4.

environment

atmosphere

conditions

milieu

setting

surroundings

5.

spiritualist

median

[D.J.:ˈmi:di:ən]

[K.K.:ˈmidiən]

adj.

<数>在中间的,通过中点的

median *

1. median
The median value of a set of values is the middle one when they are arranged in order. For example, if a group of five students take a test and their marks are 5, 7, 7, 8, and 10, the median mark is 7. (TECHNICAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

2. median medians
A median is the same as a median strip . (AM)
N-COUNT

median strip

median strip median strips
The median strip is the strip of ground, often covered with grass, that separates the two sides of a major road. (AM; in BRIT use central reservation )
N-COUNT

mediate

[D.J.:ˈmi:dieit]

[K.K.:ˈmidiˌet]

vi.

调停, 调解, 斡旋

vt.

居间促成

mediation

[ˌmi:diˈeiʃən]

n.

调停, 调解, 斡旋

mediator

[D.J.:ˈmi:di:ˌeɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈmidiˌetɚ]

n.

调停者；调解人

传递者

中介物

mediate **

1. mediate mediates mediating mediated
If someone mediates between two groups of people, or mediates an agreement between them, they try to settle an argument between them by talking to both groups and trying to find things that they can both agree to.

- My mom was the one who mediated between Zelda and her mom.

- United Nations officials have mediated a series of peace meetings between the two sides.

- The Vatican successfully mediated in a territorial dispute between Argentina and Chile in 1984.

- UN peacekeepers mediated a new cease-fire.

VB

2. mediation

- The agreement provides for United Nations mediation between the two sides.

- There is still a possibility the two sides could reach a compromise through the mediation of a third party.

N-UNCOUNT

3. mediator mediators

- An archbishop has been acting as mediator between the rebels and the authorities.

N-COUNT

4. mediate mediates mediating mediated
If something mediates a particular process or event, it allows that process or event to happen and influences the way in which it happens. (FORMAL)

- ...the thymus, the organ which mediates the response of the white blood cells...

- People's responses to us have been mediated by their past experience of life.

VB

5. mediation

- This works through the mediation of the central nervous system.

N-UNCOUNT

mediate

verb

intervene

arbitrate

conciliate

intercede

reconcile

referee

step in informal

umpire

mediation

noun

arbitration

conciliation

intercession

intervention

reconciliation

mediator

noun

negotiator

arbiter

arbitrator

go-between

honest broker

intermediary

middleman

peacemaker

referee

umpire

medic

[D.J.:ˈmedɪk]

[K.K.:ˈmɛdɪk]

n.

医学院学生,医生

medic *

1. medic medics
A medic is a doctor or medical student. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. medic medics
A medic is a doctor who works with the armed forces, as part of a medical corps. (AM)

- A Navy medic was wounded by sniper fire.

N-COUNT

medical

[D.J.:ˈmedikəl]

[K.K.:ˈmɛdɪkəl]

adj.

医学的, 医疗的, 医术的

内科的

medically

[D.J.:ˈmedɪklɪ]

[K.K.:ˈm ɛdɪklɪ]

adv.

医学上地;医药上地

体格上地

medical ****

1. medical
Medical means relating to illness and injuries and to their treatment or prevention.

- Several police officers received medical treatment for cuts and bruises.

- ...the medical profession.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. medically

- Therapists cannot prescribe drugs as they are not necessarily medically qualified.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj, ADV with cl

3. medical medicals
A medical is a thorough examination of your body by a doctor, for example before you start a new job.
N-COUNT

medical examiner

1. medical examiner medical examiners
A medical examiner is a medical expert who is responsible for investigating the deaths of people who have died in a sudden, violent, or unusual way. (AM)
N-COUNT

2. medical examiner medical examiners
A medical examiner is a doctor whose job is to examine people, for example when they apply for a job or for health insurance. (AM)
N-COUNT

medicated

[D.J.:ˈmedɪkeɪtɪd]

adj.

含药物的,药制的

medicated

medicated
A medicated soap or shampoo contains substances which are intended to kill bacteria and therefore make your skin or hair healthier.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

medication

[D.J.:ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmɛdɪˈkeʃən]

n.

敷药, 施药

药物;药

medication **

medication medications
Medication is medicine that is used to treat and cure illness.

- She stopped taking the prescribed medications.

- When somebody comes for treatment I always ask them if they are on any medication.

N-VAR

medicinal

[D.J.:mɪˈdɪsənəl]

[K.K.:mɪˈdɪsənəl]

adj.

医学的;医术的;内科的;医药的

medicinal *

1. medicinal
Medicinal substances or substances with medicinal effects can be used to treat and cure illnesses.

- ...medicinal plants.

ADJ

2. medicinally

- Root ginger has been used medicinally for centuries.

ADV: ADV after v

medicinal

adjective

therapeutic

curative

healing

medical

remedial

restorative

medicine

[D.J.:ˈmedisin]

[K.K.:ˈmɛdɪsɪn]

n.

药, 内服药

医术, 医学

medicine ***

1. medicine
Medicine is the treatment of illness and injuries by doctors and nurses.

- He pursued a career in medicine.

- I was interested in alternative medicine and becoming an aromatherapist.

- Psychiatry is an accepted branch of medicine.

N-UNCOUNT

2. medicine medicines
Medicine is a substance that you drink or swallow in order to cure an illness.

- People in hospitals are dying because of shortage of medicine.

- ...herbal medicines.

N-MASS

medicine

noun

remedy

cure

drug

medicament

medication

nostrum

medieval

[D.J.:ˌmediˈi:vəl]

[K.K.:ˌmidiˈivəl, ˌmɛdi-]

adj.

中古的, 中世纪的

medieval **

medieval
Something that is medieval relates to or was made in the period of European history between the end of the Roman Empire in 476 AD and about 1500 AD.

- ...a medieval castle.

- ...the medieval chroniclers.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also mediaeval

mediocre

[D.J.:ˌmi:di:ˈəʊkə]

[K.K.:ˌmidiˈokɚ]

adj.

中等的,普通的

mediocre *

mediocre
If you describe something as mediocre , you mean that it is of average quality but you think it should be better.

- His school record was mediocre.

- ...mediocre music.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= second rate

mediocre

adjective

second-rate

average

indifferent

inferior

middling

ordinary

passable

pedestrian

run-of-the-mill

so-so informal

undistinguished

mediocrity

[D.J.:ˌmi:di:ˈɔkrɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌmidiˈɑkrɪti]

n.

平庸,第二流;平庸人

mediocrity *

1. mediocrity
If you refer to the mediocrity of something, you mean that it is of average quality but you think it should be better.

- ...the mediocrity of most contemporary literature...

- Fashion today is sloppy mediocrity.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

2. mediocrity mediocrities
If you refer to someone as a mediocrity , you think that they are not very good at what they do.

- Surrounded by mediocrities, he can seem a towering intellectual.

N-COUNT disapproval

mediocrity

noun

insignificance

indifference

inferiority

ordinariness

unimportance

meditate

[D.J.:ˈmedɪˌteɪt]

[K.K.:ˈmɛdɪˌtet]

vi.

深思, 沉思, 冥想

vt.

内心策划, 考虑

meditate *

1. meditate meditates meditating meditated
If you meditate on something, you think about it very carefully and deeply for a long time.

- He meditated on the problem.

- On the day her son began school, she meditated on the uncertainties of his future.

VB
= reflect

2. meditate meditates meditating meditated
If you meditate you remain in a silent and calm state for a period of time, as part of a religious training or so that you are more able to deal with the problems and difficulties of everyday life.

- I was meditating, and reached a higher state of consciousness.

VB

meditate

verb

1.

reflect

cogitate

consider

contemplate

deliberate

muse

ponder

ruminate

think

2.

plan

have in mind

intend

purpose

scheme

meditation

[D.J.:ˌmedɪˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmɛdɪˈteʃən]

n.

默想, 默念

沉思, 思考；冥想

meditation **

1. meditation
Meditation is the act of remaining in a silent and calm state for a period of time, as part of a religious training, or so that you are more able to deal with the problems of everyday life.

- Many busy executives have begun to practice yoga and meditation.

N-UNCOUNT
See also transcendental meditation .

2. meditation meditations
A meditation is a particular exercise that is used in meditation.

- Having chosen a meditation it is important that you stick to that meditation for, at the very least, a fortnight.

N-COUNT

3. meditation
Meditation is the act of thinking about something very carefully and deeply for a long time.

- ...the man, lost in meditation, walking with slow steps along the shore...

- In his lonely meditations Antony had been forced to the conclusion that there had been rumours.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
= contemplation

4. meditation meditations
A meditation on a particular subject is something such as a piece of writing or a speech which expresses deep thoughts about that subject.

- In fact, the entire novel is a long meditation on child-bearing and mortality.

- The title track is a pointed meditation on a continent gone wrong.

N-COUNT: usu N on/upon n

meditation

noun

reflection

cogitation

contemplation

musing

pondering

rumination

study

thought

meditative

[D.J.:ˈmedɪˌteɪtɪv]

[K.K.:ˈmɛdɪˌtetɪv]

adj.

沉思的,冥想的

meditatively

adv.

meditatively

adv.

冥想地

meditative

1. meditative
Meditative describes things that are related to the act of meditating or the act of thinking very deeply about something.

- Music can induce a meditative state in the listener.

- Yogis trained in Eastern meditative techniques can change their heart rate.

- ...moments of meditative silence.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

2. meditatively

- Martin rubbed his chin meditatively.

ADV: ADV after v

Mediterranean

[D.J.:ˌmedɪtəˈreɪni:ən, -ˈreɪnjən]

[K.K.:ˌmɛdɪtəˈreniən, -ˈrenjən]

n.

地中海

地中海沿岸的居民

地中海沿岸的高加索人

adj.

(陆地)远离海洋的;内陆的

地中海的;地中海沿岸地区的

地中海沿岸高加索人种的

(m-)被陆地包围的

Mediterranean **

1. Mediterranean
The Mediterranean is the sea between southern Europe and North Africa.
N-PROPER: the N

2. Mediterranean
The Mediterranean refers to the southern part of Europe, which is next to the Mediterranean Sea.

- Barcelona has become one of the most dynamic and prosperous cities in the Mediterranean.

N-PROPER: the N

3. Mediterranean
Something that is Mediterranean is characteristic of or belongs to the people or region around the Mediterranean Sea.

- There was very little meat in the classic Mediterranean diet.

ADJ

medium-dry

medium-dry
Medium-dry wine or sherry is not very sweet.
ADJ also medium dry .

medium-sized

[ˈmi:diəmˈsaizd]

adj.

中型的,普通型的

medium-sized *

medium-sized
Medium-sized means neither large nor small, but approximately half way between the two.

- Bring the milk to the boil in a medium-sized saucepan.

- Small and medium-sized accountancy firms are having an especially tough time.

ADJ: usu ADJ n The form medium size is also used

medium-term

[ˈmi:diəmˈtə:m]

adj.

中期的

medium-term *

medium-term
The medium-term is the period of time which lasts a few months or years beyond the present time, in contrast with the short term or the long term.

- Economists had been arguing that the medium-term economic prospects remained poor.

- If a woman gives up her job to look after her baby, she will not only risk losing her salary in the medium-term, she may seriously damage her long-term career prospects.

N-SING: usu N n

medium wave

medium wave
Medium wave is a range of radio waves which are used for broadcasting. (mainly BRIT)

- ...a station broadcasting pop music on medium wave.

N-UNCOUNT: usu on N

medley

[D.J.:ˈmedli:]

[K.K.:ˈmɛdli]

n.

混杂,混合,杂烩

medley *

1. medley medleys
In music, a medley is a collection of different tunes or songs that are played one after the other as a single piece of music.

- ...a medley of traditional songs.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. medley medleys
In sport, a medley is a swimming race in which the four main strokes are used one after the other.

- Japan won the Men's 200 metres Individual Medley.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

3. medley medleys
A medley of different foods or other things is a mixture of them.

- ...a medley of four fish in a cream sauce...

- We communicated in a medley of foreign words and universal gestures.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= mixture

medley

noun

mixture

assortment

farrago

hotchpotch

jumble

m´elange

miscellany

mishmash

mixed bag informal

potpourri

meek

[D.J.:mi:k]

[K.K.:mik]

adj.

温顺的, 驯服的

meekly

[D.J.:ˈmi:klɪ]

[K.K.:ˈmiklɪ]

adv.

温顺地;逆来顺受地

meekness

n.

温顺,柔和

meek *

1. meek meeker meekest
If you describe a person as meek , you think that they are gentle and quiet, and likely to do what other people say.

- He was a meek, mild-mannered fellow.

- ...the meekest and most docile of people.

ADJ-GRADED

2. meek
The meek are people who are meek.

- The meek shall inherit the earth.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. meekly

- Most have meekly accepted such advice.

- `Thank you, Peter', Amy said meekly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

4. meekness

- She maintained a kind of meekness.

N-UNCOUNT

meek

adjective

submissive

acquiescent

compliant

deferential

docile

gentle

humble

mild

modest

timid

unassuming

unpretentious

meekness

noun

submissiveness

acquiescence

compliance

deference

docility

gentleness

humility

mildness

modesty

timidity

meet

[D.J.:mi:t]

[K.K.:mit]

vt. & vi.

遇见, 碰见, 相见

认识, 结识

vt.

迎接

满足

n.

运动会, 比赛

meeting

[D.J.:ˈmi:tiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmitɪŋ]

n.

相会, 聚会, 会见

会议

运动会

met

[D.J.:met]

[K.K.:mɛt]

(meet的过去式和过去分词)

meet *****

1. meet meets meeting met
If you meet someone, you happen to be in the same place as them and start talking to them. You may know the other person, but be surprised to see them, or you may not know them at all.

- I have just met the man I want to spend the rest of my life with.

- He's the kindest and sincerest person I've ever met.

- We met by chance.

V-RECIP

2. meet up meets up; meeting up; met up
Meet up means the same as meet .

- Last night, when he was parking my automobile, he met up with a buddy he had at Oxford.

- They met up in 1956, when they were both young schoolboys.

PHR-V-RECIP

3. meet meets meeting met
If two or more people meet , they go to the same place, which they have earlier arranged to do, so that they can talk or do something together.

- We could meet for a drink after work.

- Meet me down at the beach tomorrow, at 6am sharp.

V-RECIP

4. meet up meets up; meeting up; met up
Meet up means the same as meet .

- We tend to meet up for lunch once a week.

- My intention was to have a holiday and meet up with old friends.

PHR-V-RECIP

5. meet meets meeting met
If you meet someone, you are introduced to them and begin talking to them and getting to know them.

- Hey, Terry, come and meet my Dad.

VB

6. meet meets meeting met
You use meet in expressions such as ` Pleased to meet you ' and ` Nice to have met you ' when you want to politely say hello or goodbye to someone you have just met for the first time.

- `Jennifer,' Miss Mallory said, `this is Leigh Van-Voreen.' --- `Pleased to meet you,' Jennifer said.

- I have to leave. Nice to have met you.

VB formulae

7. meet meets meeting met
If you meet someone off their train, plane, or bus, you go to the station, airport, or bus stop in order to be there when they arrive.

- Mama met me at the station.

- Lili and my father met me off the boat.

- Kurt's parents weren't able to meet our plane so we took a taxi.

VB

8. meet meets meeting met
When a group of people such as a committee meet , they gather together for a particular purpose.

- Officials from the two countries will meet again soon to resume negotiations.

- The commission met 14 times between 1988 and 1991.

VB

9. meet meets meeting met
If you meet with someone, you have a meeting with them. (mainly AM)

- Most of the lawmakers who met with the president yesterday said they backed the mission.

VB

10. meet meets meeting met
If something such as a suggestion, proposal, or new book meets with or is met with a particular reaction, it gets that reaction from people.

- The idea met with a cool response from various quarters.

- We hope today's offer will meet with your approval too.

- Reagan's speech was met with incredulity in the US.

V-ERG

11. meet meets meeting met
If something meets a need, requirement, or condition, it is good enough to do what is required.

- He suggested that the current arrangements for the care of severely mentally ill people are inadequate to meet their needs.

- Out of the original 23,000 applications, 16,000 candidates meet the entry requirements.

VB
= satisfy

12. meet meets meeting met
If you meet something such as a problem or challenge, you deal with it satisfactorily or do what is required.

- British manufacturing failed to meet the crisis of the 1970s.

- It is an enormous challenge but we hope to meet it within a year or 18 months.

- They had worked heroically to meet the deadline.

VB

13. meet meets meeting met
If you meet the cost of something, you provide the money that is needed for it.

- The government said it will help meet some of the cost of the damage.

- As your income increases you will find less difficulty in finding the money to meet your monthly repayments.

VB

14. meet meets meeting met
If you meet a situation, attitude, or problem, you experience it or become aware of it.

- I honestly don't know how I will react the next time I meet a potentially dangerous situation.

- Never had she met such spite and pettiness.

VB
= come across encounter

15. meet meets meeting met
You can say that someone meets with success or failure when they are successful or unsuccessful.

- Attempts to find civilian volunteers have met with embarrassing failure.

- Efforts to commercialise the Russian space programme have met with little success.

VB

16. meet meets meeting met
When a moving object meets another object, it hits or touches it.

- You sense the stresses in the hull each time the keel meets the ground.

- Nick's head bent slowly over hers until their mouths met.

V-RECIP

17. meet meets meeting met
If your eyes meet someone else's, you both look at each other at the same time. (WRITTEN)

- Nina's eyes met her sisters' across the table.

- I found myself smiling back instinctively when our eyes met.

V-RECIP

18. meet meets meeting met
If two areas meet , especially two areas of land or sea, they are next to one another.

- It is one of the rare places in the world where the desert meets the sea.

- ...the southernmost point of South America where the Pacific and Atlantic oceans meet.

V-RECIP

19. meet meets meeting met
The place where two lines meet is the place where they join together.

- Parallel lines will never meet no matter how far extended.

- The track widened as it met the road.

V-RECIP

20. meet meets meeting met
If two sportsmen, teams, or armies meet , they compete or fight against one another.

- The two women will meet tomorrow in the final.

- The unevenly matched armies met at Guilford on 15 March 1781.

- England last met the French in 1984 when they lost 2-0 in Paris.

V-RECIP

21. meet meets
A meet is an event in which athletes come to a particular place in order to take part in a race or races.

- John Pennel became the first person to pole-vault 17 ft., at a meet in Miami, Florida.

N-COUNT

22. meet meets
A meet is when riders and dogs gather somewhere before they set off on a fox hunt. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

23. meet
If you do not meet someone's eyes or meet someone's gaze , you do not look at them although they are looking at you, for example because you are ashamed.

- He hesitated, then shook his head, refusing to meet her eyes.

PHR: V inflects

24. meet
If someone meets their death or meets their end , they die, especially in a violent or suspicious way. (WRITTEN)

- Jacob Sinclair met his death at the hands of a soldier.

- No one knows exactly how or where he met his end.

PHR: V inflects

meeting *****

1. meeting meetings
A meeting is an event in which a group of people come together to discuss things or make decisions.

- Can we have a meeting to discuss that?.

- He still travels to London regularly for business meetings.

N-COUNT

2. meeting
You can also refer to the people at a meeting as the meeting .

- The meeting decided that further efforts were needed.

N-SING: the N

3. meeting meetings
When you meet someone, either by chance or by arrangement, you can refer to this event as a meeting .

- In January, 37 years after our first meeting, I was back in the studio with Denis.

- Her life was changed by a chance meeting with her former art master a few years ago.

N-COUNT: oft with poss
= encounter

met

Met is the past tense and past participle of meet .

meet

verb

1.

encounter

bump into

chance on

come across

confront

contact

find

happen on

run across

run into

2.

converge

come together

connect

cross

intersect

join

link up

touch

3.

satisfy

answer

come up to

comply with

discharge

fulfil

match

measure up to

4.

gather

assemble

collect

come together

congregate

convene

muster

5.

experience

bear

encounter

endure

face

go through

suffer

undergo

meeting

noun

1.

encounter

assignation

confrontation

engagement

introduction

rendezvous

tryst

2.

conference

assembly

conclave

congress

convention

gathering

get-together informal

reunion

session

meeting house

meeting house meeting houses
A meeting house is a building in which certain groups of Christians, for example Quakers, meet in order to worship together.
N-COUNT

meeting place *

meeting place meeting places
A meeting place is a place where people meet.
N-COUNT

mega

[ˈmeɡə]

n.

百万,大

mega

1. mega
Young people sometimes use mega in front of adjectives or adverbs in order to emphasize them. (INFORMAL)

- He has become mega rich.

- Roy was tremendously ugly, mega ugly.

ADV: usu ADV adj/adv emphasis
= extremely

2. mega
Young people sometimes use mega in front of nouns in order to emphasize that the thing they are talking about is very good, very large, or very impressive. (INFORMAL)

- ...her newly acquired mega salary.

- ...the mega superstar Madonna.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

mega-

[ˈmeɡə]

pref.

表示“大,一百万倍”之义

mega-

1. mega-
Mega- is added to nouns that refer to units of measurement in order to form other nouns referring to units that are a million times bigger.

- ...a 100 megaton explosion.

- ...a two thousand megawatt surge in electricity.

PREFIX

2. mega-
Mega- combines with nouns and adjectives in order to emphasize the size, quality, or importance of something. (INFORMAL)

- Now he can begin to earn the sort of mega-bucks he has always dreamed about.

- ...a Hollywood mega-star.

PREFIX emphasis

megabyte

[ˈmeɡəbait]

n.

兆字节(信息量单位)

megabyte *

megabyte megabytes
In computing, a megabyte is one million bytes of data.
N-COUNT

megahertz

[ˈmeɡəˌhə:ts]

n.

兆赫(MHz)

megahertz

megahertz
A megahertz is a unit of frequency, used especially for radio frequencies. One megahertz equals one million cycles per second.

- ...UHF frequencies of around 900 megahertz.

N-COUNT: num N megahertz is both the singular and the plural form

megalomania

[D.J.:ˌmegələʊˈmeɪni:ə, -ˈmeɪnjə]

[K.K.:ˌmɛɡəloˈmeniə, -ˈmenjə]

n.

妄想自大狂

(对浮夸方案的)狂热

megalomaniac

adj. & n.

megalomaniac

[ˈmeɡələuˈmeiniæk]

adj.

夸大狂的

n.

夸大狂患者

megalomania

megalomania
Megalomania is the belief that you are more powerful and important than you really are. Megalomania is sometimes a mental illness.
N-UNCOUNT

megalomaniac

megalomaniac megalomaniacs
If you describe someone as a megalomaniac , you are criticizing them because they enjoy being powerful, or because they believe that they are more powerful or important than they really are.
N-COUNT: oft N n disapproval

megaphone

[D.J.:ˈmegəˌfəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈmɛɡəˌfon]

n.

扩音器

megaphone

megaphone megaphones
A megaphone is a cone-shaped device for making your voice sound louder in the open air.
N-COUNT

megaton

[D.J.:ˈmeɡəˌtʌn]

[K.K.:ˈmɛɡəˌtʌn]

n.

兆吨

megaton

megaton megatons
You can use megaton to refer to the power of a nuclear weapon. A one megaton bomb has the same power as one million tons of TNT.
N-COUNT: num N

megawatt

[ˈmeɡəwɔt]

n.

兆瓦, 百万瓦特(电能计量单位)

megawatt

megawatt megawatts
A megawatt is a unit of power. One megawatt is a million watts.

- The project is designed to generate around 30 megawatts of power for the national grid.

N-COUNT: num N, oft N of n

melancholia

[ˌmelənˈkəuljə]

n.

精神忧郁症

melancholia

melancholia
Melancholia is a feeling of great sadness, especially one that lasts a long time. (LITERARY)

- He sank into deep melancholia.

N-UNCOUNT

melancholic

[D.J.:ˌmelənˈkɔlik]

[K.K.:ˌmɛlənˈkɑlɪk]

n.

忧郁症患者

adj.

忧郁的

melancholic

1. melancholic
If you describe someone or something as melancholic , you mean that they are very sad. (LITERARY)

- The night was as melancholic as his mood.

- ...his gentle, melancholic songs.

ADJ-GRADED

2. melancholic melancholics
A melancholic is someone who is melancholic.

- ...a self-made man, energetic and obsessively orderly, a histrionic exhibitionist and a melancholic.

N-COUNT

melancholy

[D.J.:ˈmelənkəli]

[K.K.:ˈmɛlənˌkɑli]

n.

忧郁, 悲哀

adj.

忧郁的, 悲伤的

melancholy *

1. melancholy
You describe something that you see or hear as melancholy when it gives you an intense feeling of sadness.

- ...a painter of haunting melancholy canvases...

- The only sounds were the distant, melancholy cries of the sheep.

- The songs start soft and melancholy.

ADJ-GRADED

2. melancholy
Melancholy is an intense feeling of sadness which lasts for a long time and which strongly affects your behaviour and attitudes. (LITERARY)

- I was deeply aware of his melancholy as he stood among the mourners.

- The general watched the process with an air of melancholy.

N-UNCOUNT

3. melancholy
If someone feels or looks melancholy , they feel or look very sad. (LITERARY)

- It was in these hours of the late afternoon that Tom Mulligan felt most melancholy.

- He fixed me with those luminous, empty eyes and his melancholy smile.

ADJ-GRADED
= sad

melancholy

noun

1.

sadness

dejection

depression

despondency

gloom

low spirits

misery

sorrow

unhappiness

adjective

2.

sad

depressed

despondent

dispirited

downhearted

gloomy

glum

miserable

mournful

sorrowful

melange

n.

混合物,大杂烩,杂乱的一群,混色纱

melange

melange melanges
A melange of things is a mixture of them, especially when this is attractive or exciting. (WRITTEN)

- ...a successful melange of music styles, from soul and rhythm and blues to rap.

- ...a wonderful melange of flavours.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n also m´elange .
= blend medley

melanin

[D.J.:ˈmelənin]

[K.K.:ˈmɛlənɪn]

n.

黑色素

melanin

melanin
Melanin is a dark substance in the skin, eyes, and hair of people and animals, which gives them colour and can protect them against strong sunlight.
N-UNCOUNT

melanoma

[D.J.:ˌmeləˈnəumə]

[K.K.:ˌmɛləˈnomə]

n.

(恶性)黑素瘤,(良性)胎记瘤

melanoma

melanoma melanomas
A melanoma is an area of cancer cells in the skin which is caused by very strong sunlight.
N-VAR

melee

[D.J.:ˈmeɪˌleɪ, meɪˈleɪ]

[K.K.:ˈmeˌle, meˈle]

n.

<主文> ①混战;乱战

混乱;混乱的人群

melee

1. melee melees
A melee is a noisy confusing fight between the people in a crowd. (WRITTEN)

- A policeman was killed and scores of people were injured in the melee.

N-COUNT: usu sing also mêl´ee .
= brawl

2. melee
A melee of things is a large, confusing, disorganized group of them. (WRITTEN)

- You may want to wander through the melee of streets around the waterfront.

N-SING: usu N of n also mêl´ee .
= muddle

melee mêl´ee

noun

fight

brawl

fracas

free-for-all informal

rumpus

scrimmage

scuffle

set-to informal

skirmish

tussle

mellifluous

[D.J.:məˈlɪflu:əs]

[K.K.:məˈlɪfluəs]

adj.

<正>声音甜美的;悦耳的

mellifluous

mellifluous
A mellifluous voice or piece of music is smooth and gentle and very pleasant to listen to. (FORMAL)

- I grew up around people who had wonderful, mellifluous voices.

- Soon the room is filled with Bates' mellifluous tones.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

mellifluous

adjective

sweet

dulcet

euphonious

honeyed

silvery

smooth

soft

soothing

sweet-sounding

mellow

[D.J.:ˈmeləu]

[K.K.:ˈmɛlo]

adj.

(颜色或声音)柔和的, 丰富的

(水果)熟透的, 甘美多汁的, (酒)芳醇的

成熟的, 老练的, 稳健的

高兴的, 微醉的

vt. & vi.

(使)成熟

mellowing

[ˈmeləuriŋ]

n.

软化;醇化

mellow *

1. mellow mellower mellowest
Mellow is used to describe things that have a pleasant, soft, rich colour, usually red, orange, yellow, or brown.

- ...a classic Queen Anne house of mellow red brick with a white portico.

- ...this mellow Cotswold manor house.

- ...the softer, mellower light of evening.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n/colour

2. mellow mellower mellowest
A mellow sound or flavour is pleasant, smooth, and rich.

- His voice was deep and mellow and his speech had a soothing and comforting quality.

- ...the mellow background music.

- ...a delightfully mellow, soft and balanced wine.

ADJ-GRADED

3. mellow mellows mellowing mellowed
If someone mellows or if something mellows them, they become kinder or less extreme in their behaviour, especially as a result of growing older.

- He became a taciturn man, a man not easy to live with. Later, when the older children married and had children of their own, he mellowed a little.

- Marriage had not mellowed him.

V-ERG

4. mellow mellower mellowest
Also an adjective.

- Is she more mellow and tolerant?

ADJ-GRADED

5. mellow mellower mellowest
If someone is mellow , they feel very relaxed and cheerful, especially as the result of alcohol or good food. (INFORMAL)

- He'd had a few glasses of champagne himself and was fairly mellow.

- At the other tables couples were now in a mellow mood, chattering happily and drinking.

ADJ-GRADED

mellow

adjective

1.

soft

delicate

full-flavoured

mature

rich

ripe

sweet

verb

2.

mature

develop

improve

ripen

season

soften

sweeten

melodic

[miˈlɔdik]

adj.

有旋律的,调子美妙的

melodic *

1. melodic
Melodic means relating to melody.

- ...Schubert's effortless gift for melodic invention.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. melodically

- ...the third of Tchaikovsky's ten operas, and melodically one of his richest scores.

ADV

3. melodic
Music that is melodic has beautiful tunes in it.

- Wonderfully melodic and tuneful, his songs have made me weep.

ADJ-GRADED

4. melodically

- The leader has also learned to play more melodically.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

melodious

[D.J.:məˈləʊdi:əs]

[K.K.:məˈlodiəs]

adj.

有旋律的,产生旋律的

悦耳的

melodiously

adv.

melodious

melodious
A melodious sound is pleasant to listen to. (LITERARY)

- She spoke in a quietly melodious voice.

ADJ-GRADED
= musical

melodious

adjective

tuneful

dulcet

euphonious

harmonious

melodic

musical

sweet-sounding

melodrama

[D.J.:ˈmeləˌdrɑ:mə, -ˌdræmə]

[K.K.:ˈmɛləˌdrɑmə, -ˌdræmə]

n.

情节剧

melodrama *

melodrama melodramas
A melodrama is a story or play in which there are a lot of exciting or sad events and in which people's emotions are very exaggerated.
N-VAR

melodramatic

[D.J.:ˌmeləudrəˈmætik]

[K.K.:ˌmɛlədrəˈmætɪk]

adj.

情节剧的

melodramatic *

1. melodramatic
Melodramatic behaviour is behaviour in which someone treats a situation as much more serious than it really is.

- `Don't you think you're being rather melodramatic?' Jane asked.

- She'd flung herself in a pose of melodramatic exhaustion.

ADJ-GRADED

2. melodramatically

- `For God's sake,' Michael said melodramatically, `Whatever you do, don't look down.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

melodramatic

adjective

sensational

blood-and-thunder

extravagant

histrionic

overdramatic

overemotional

theatrical

melody

[D.J.:ˈmelədi]

[K.K.:ˈmɛlədi]

n.

曲调, 歌曲

旋律

美妙的音乐

melody **

1. melody melodies
A melody is a tune. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. melody
Melody is the quality of having a pleasant tune.

- Her voice was full of melody.

N-UNCOUNT

melody

noun

1.

tune

air

music

song

strain

theme

2.

tunefulness

euphony

harmony

melodiousness

musicality

melon

[D.J.:ˈmelən]

[K.K.:ˈmɛlən]

n.

瓜, 甜瓜

melon *

melon melons
A melon is a large fruit which is sweet and juicy inside and has a hard green or yellow skin.
N-VAR

melt

[D.J.:melt]

[K.K.:mɛlt]

vt. & vi.

(使)融[溶, 熔]化; 溶解

(使)消散, 消失

melting

[ˈmeltiŋ]

adj.

熔化的,融化的,溶解的,混合的

melt **

1. melt melts melting melted
When a solid substance melts or when you melt it, it changes to a liquid, usually because it has been heated.

- The snow had melted, but the lake was still frozen solid.

- Meanwhile, melt the white chocolate in a bowl suspended over simmering water.

- Add the melted butter, molasses, salt, and flour.

V-ERG

2. melt melts melting melted
If something such as your feelings melt , they suddenly disappear and you no longer feel them. (LITERARY)

- His anxiety about the outcome melted, to return later but not yet.

- He would have struggled but his strength had melted.

VB

3. melt away melts away; melting away; melted away
Melt away means the same as melt .

- When he heard these words, Shinran felt his inner doubts melt away.

PHR-V

4. melt melts melting melted
If a person or thing melts into something such as darkness or a crowd of people, they become difficult to see, for example because they are moving away from you or are the same colour as the background. (LITERARY)

- The youths dispersed and melted into the darkness.

- The squadron's armour is draped in sand-coloured nets that melt into the landscape.

VB
= disappear

5. melt melts melting melted
If someone or something melts your heart, or if your heart melts , you start to feel love or sympathy towards them.

- When his lips break into a smile, it is enough to melt any woman's heart.

- When a bride walks down the aisle to a stirring tune, even the iciest of hearts melt.

V-ERG

6. melt melts
A melt is a piece of bread which has meat or fish on it, and melted cheese on top. (AM)

- ...a tuna melt.

N-COUNT: usu n N

melt away **

melt away melts away; melting away; melted away
If a crowd of people melts away , members of the crowd gradually leave until there is no-one left.

- The crowd around the bench began to melt away.

PHR-V
See also melt 2.

melt

verb

1.

dissolve

fuse

liquefy

soften

thaw

often with away 2.

disappear

disperse

dissolve

evanesce

evaporate

fade

vanish

3.

soften

disarm

mollify

relax

melt down **

melt down melts down; melting down; melted down
If an object is melted down , it is heated until it melts, so that the material can be used to make something else.

- Some of the guns were melted down and used to help build a statue.

- When Jefferson didn't like a pair of goblets given to him as a gift, he asked a local smith to melt them down and make eight new cups without stems and handles.

- Some thieves do not even bother to melt down stolen silver for its scrap value.

PHR-V

meltdown

[D.J.:ˈmeltdaun]

[K.K.:ˈmɛltˌdaʊn]

n.

彻底垮台

meltdown

1. meltdown meltdowns
If there is meltdown in a nuclear reactor, the fuel rods start melting because of a failure in the system, and radiation starts to escape.

- Scientists warned that emergency cooling systems could fail and a reactor meltdown could occur.

N-VAR

2. meltdown
The meltdown of a company, organization, or system is its sudden and complete failure. (JOURNALISM)

- Urgent talks are going on to prevent the market going into financial meltdown during the summer.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

melting point

melting point melting points
The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it melts when you heat it.
N-COUNT: oft with poss

melting pot

1. melting pot melting pots
A melting pot is a place or situation in which people or ideas of different kinds gradually get mixed together.

- The republic is a melting pot of different nationalities.

- ...the cultural melting pot...

- Marseilles has proved to be a better racial melting-pot than Lyons.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. melting pot
If something is in the melting pot , you do not know what is going to happen to it. (mainly BRIT)

- Their fate is still in the melting-pot.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

member

[D.J.:ˈmembə]

[K.K.:ˈmɛmbɚ]

n.

成员, 会员

member *****

1. member members
A member of a group is one of the people, animals, or things belonging to that group.

- He refused to name the members of staff involved.

- Their lack of training could put members of the public at risk.

- ...a sunflower or a similar member of the daisy family.

- ...the brightest members of a dense cluster of stars at the Galaxy's centre.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

2. member members
A member of an organization such as a club or a political party is a person who has officially joined the organization.

- The support of our members is of great importance to the Association.

- Britain is a full member of NATO.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

3. member
A member country or member state is one of the countries that has joined an international organization or group.

- ...the member countries of the European Free Trade Association.

- ...a co-ordinated EC approach, with each member state doing what it could.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. member members
A member or Member is a person who has been elected to a parliament or legislature.

- He was elected to Parliament as the Member for Leeds.

- ...the Conservative member for Billericay.

- ...Member of the Knesset, David Magen.

N-COUNT: usu N for n

member

noun

1.

representative

associate

fellow

2.

limb

appendage

arm

extremity

leg

part

Member of Congress **

Member of Congress Members of Congress
A Member of Congress is a person who has been elected to the United States Congress.
N-COUNT
= MP

Member of Parliament **

Member of Parliament Members of Parliament
A Member of Parliament is a person who has been elected by the people in a particular area to represent them in a country's parliament. The abbreviation MP is often used.
N-COUNT
= MP

membership

[D.J.:ˈmembəʃip]

[K.K.:ˈmɛmbɚˌʃɪp]

n.

全体会员

会员身份, 会员资格

membership ***

1. membership
Membership of an organization is the state of being a member of it.

- ...his membership of the Communist Party...

- He sent me a membership form.

- Membership in her church youth group helped develop her political ideas.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. membership memberships
The membership of an organization is the people who belong to it, or the number of people who belong to it.

- The European Builders Confederation has a membership of over 350,000 building companies.

- ...organizations with huge memberships.

- ...the recent fall in party membership.

N-VAR-COLL

membership

noun

1.

members

associates

body

fellows

2.

participation

belonging

enrolment

fellowship

membrane

[D.J.:ˈmemˌbreɪn]

[K.K.:ˈmɛmˌbren]

n.

(动物或植物体内的)薄膜, 隔膜

membrane *

membrane membranes
A membrane is a thin piece of skin which connects or covers parts of a person's or animal's body.
N-COUNT

memento

[D.J.:məˈmentəʊ]

[K.K.:məˈmɛnto]

n.

纪念品,令人回忆的东西

memento *

memento mementos or mementoes
A memento is an object which you keep because it reminds you of a person or a special occasion.

- More anglers are taking cameras when they go fishing to provide a memento of catches.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= souvenir

memento

noun

souvenir

keepsake

memorial

relic

remembrance

reminder

token

trophy

memo

[D.J.:ˈmeməu]

[K.K.:ˈmɛmo]

n.

备忘录

memo *

memo memos
A memo is a short official note that is sent by one person to another within the same company or organization.
N-COUNT

memoir

[D.J.:ˈmemwɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈmɛmˌwɑr, -ˌwɔr]

n.

回忆录, 自传

记事录

memoir *

1. memoir memoirs
A person's memoirs are a written account of the people who they have known and events that they remember.

- If you've read my earlier memoirs you'll know all about it.

- In his memoirs, De Gaulle wrote that he had come to London determined to save the French nation.

N-PLURAL: usu with poss

2. memoir memoirs
A memoir is a book or article that you write about someone who you have known well. (FORMAL)

- He has just published a memoir in honour of his captain.

N-COUNT

memoir

noun

account

biography

essay

journal

life

monograph

narrative

record

memoirs

plural noun

autobiography

diary

experiences

journals

life story

memories

recollections

reminiscences

memorabilia

[D.J.:ˌmemərəˈbɪli:ə, -ˈbɪljə]

[K.K.:ˌmɛmərəˈbɪliə, -ˈbɪljə]

n.

(与名人或重大事件有关的)纪念物

memorabilia *

memorabilia
Memorabilia are things that you collect because they are connected with a person or organization in which you are interested.
N-PLURAL

memorable

[D.J.:ˈmemərəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈmɛmərəbəl]

adj.

值得纪念的,值得记忆的

memorableness

n.

值得注意的事

memorably

adv.

值得纪念地,值得记忆地

memorably

adv.

值得纪念的,重大的,有影响的

memorable **

1. memorable
Something that is memorable is worth remembering or likely to be remembered, because it is special or very enjoyable.

- ...the perfect setting for a nostalgic memorable day...

- Annette's performance as Eliza Doolittle in `Pygmalion' was truly memorable.

ADJ-GRADED

2. memorably

- The National Theatre's production is memorably staged.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

memorable

adjective

noteworthy

celebrated

famous

historic

momentous

notable

remarkable

significant

striking

unforgettable

memorandum

[D.J.:ˌmeməˈrændəm]

[K.K.:ˌmɛməˈrændəm]

n.

(备忘的)记录

非正式商业书信,便函

memorandum *

1. memorandum memoranda or memorandums
A memorandum is a written report that is prepared for a person or committee in order to provide them with information about a particular matter.

- ...a memorandum from the Ministry of Defence on its role...

- The delegation submitted a memorandum to the Commons on the blatant violations of basic human rights.

N-COUNT

2. memorandum memoranda or memorandums
A memorandum is an informal communication between governments which often states a particular diplomatic purpose or point of view.

- Bangladesh and China have signed a memorandum of understanding under which Chittagong and Shanghai will establish a closer relationship.

N-COUNT

3. memorandum memoranda or memorandums
A memorandum is a short official note that is sent by one person to another within the same company or organization. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= memo

memorandum

noun

note

communication

jotting

memo

message

minute

reminder

memorial

[D.J.:miˈmɔ:riəl]

[K.K.:məˈmɔriəl, -ˈmor-]

n.

纪念碑, 纪念物

memorial **

1. memorial memorials
A memorial is a structure built in order to remind people of a famous person or event.

- Building a memorial to Columbus has been his lifelong dream.

- Every village had its war memorial.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. memorial
A memorial event, object, or prize is in honour of someone who has died, so that they will be remembered.

- A memorial service is being held for her at St Paul's Church.

- ...memorial plaques to local regiments...

- He went on to win the James E. Sullivan Memorial Trophy as the outstanding amateur athlete of 1962.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. memorial memorials
If you say that something will be a memorial to someone who has died, you mean that it will continue to exist and remind people of them.

- The museum will serve as a memorial to the millions who passed through Ellis Island.

- The city's rather uncompromising bleakness is a permanent memorial to its dark and mysterious founders.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N to n

memorial

noun

1.

monument

memento

plaque

record

remembrance

souvenir

adjective

2.

commemorative

monumental

Memorial Day

Memorial Day
In the United States, Memorial Day is a public holiday when people honour the memory of Americans who have died in wars. Memorial Day is celebrated in most states on the last Monday in May.
N-UNCOUNT

memorialize

[D.J.:miˈmɔ:riəlaiz]

[K.K.:məˈmɔriəˌlaɪz, məˈmor-]

v.

请愿

memorialize

memorialize memorializes memorializing memorialized
If a person or event is memorialized , something is produced that will continue to exist and remind people of them.

- He was praised in print and memorialized in stone throughout the South.

- Our affair was memorialized by those children.

- When she died in 1946, her friends wanted to memorialize her in some significant way.

VB (BRIT) also memorialise

memorize

[D.J.:ˈmeməraiz]

[K.K.:ˈmɛməˌraɪz]

vt.

记住, 熟记

memorize *

memorize memorizes memorizing memorized
If you memorize something, you learn it so that you can remember it exactly.

- He studied his map, trying to memorize the way to Rose's street.

VB (BRIT) also memorise
= learn by heart

memorize

verb

remember

commit to memory

learn

learn by heart

learn by rote

memory

[D.J.:ˈmeməri]

[K.K.:ˈmɛməri]

n.

记忆力, 记性

记忆中的事物, 回忆

记忆系统; 记忆容量

memory ****

1. memory memories
Your memory is your ability to remember things.

- All the details of the meeting are fresh in my memory.

- He'd a good memory for faces, and he was sure he hadn't seen her before.

- But locals with long memories thought this was fair revenge for the injustice of 1961.

- Two major areas in which mentally retarded children require help are memory and attention.

N-VAR: oft poss N

2. memory memories
A memory is something that you remember from the past.

- She cannot bear to watch the film because of the bad memories it brings back.

- Her earliest memory is of singing at the age of four to wounded soldiers.

- He had happy memories of his father.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

3. memory memories
A computer's memory is the part of the computer where information is stored, especially for a short time before it is transferred to disks or magnetic tapes. (TECHNICAL)

- The data are stored in the computer's memory.

N-COUNT

4. memory
If you talk about the memory of someone who has died, especially someone who was loved or respected, you are referring to the thoughts, actions, and ceremonies by which they are remembered.

- She remained devoted to his memory.

- The congress opened with a minute's silence in memory of those who died in the struggle.

N-SING: usu with poss, also in N of n

5. memory
If you do something from memory , for example speak the words of a poem or play a piece of music, you do it without looking at it, because you know it very well.

- Many members of the church sang from memory.

- Children write down the word, cover it up and then try to spell it from memory.

PHR: PHR after v

6. memory
If you say that something is, for example, the best, worst, or first thing of its kind in living memory , you are emphasizing that it is the only thing of that kind that people can remember.

- The floods are the worst in living memory.

- No-one in living memory has come back from that place alive.

PHR: n/adj PHR, usu with adj-superl/brd-neg emphasis

7. memory
If you lose your memory , you forget things that you used to know.

- His illness caused him to lose his memory.

PHR: V inflects

memory

noun

1.

recall

recollection

remembrance

reminiscence

retention

2.

commemoration

honour

remembrance

memory chip

memory chip memory chips
In a computer, the memory chip is the microchip in which information is stored.
N-COUNT

memsahib

[D.J.:ˈmemˌsɑ:i]

[K.K.:ˈmɛmˌsɑɪb]

n.

夫人,太太(从前印度人对欧洲已婚妇女的尊称)

memsahib

memsahib
Memsahib was used to refer to or address white women in India, especially during the period of British rule, or sometimes to refer to or address upper-class Indian women. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC

menace

[D.J.:ˈmenəs]

[K.K.:ˈmɛnɪs]

n.

威胁, 胁迫, 危险

非常讨厌的人[事]

vt. & vi.

威胁

menacing

[D.J.:ˈmenəsɪŋ]

[K.K.: ˈmɛnɪsɪŋ]

adj.

威胁的

险恶的

menacingly

adv.

胁迫地,险恶地

menace *

1. menace menaces
If you say that someone or something is a menace to other people or things, you mean that person or thing is likely to cause serious harm.

- In my view you are a menace to the public.

- ...the menace of fascism...

- Excessive drinking is a social menace.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N to n, N of n
= threat

2. menace menaces
You can refer to someone or something as a menace when you want to say that they cause you trouble or annoyance. (INFORMAL)

- You're a menace to my privacy, Kenworthy.

- As I have said earlier in this book, bad shoes are a menace.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= nuisance

3. menace
Menace is a quality or atmosphere that gives you the feeling that you are in danger or that someone wants to harm you.

- There is a pervading sense of menace.

- ...a voice full of menace.

N-UNCOUNT

4. menace menaces menacing menaced
If you say that one thing menaces another, you mean that the first thing is likely to cause the second thing serious harm.

- The European states retained a latent capability to menace Britain's own security.

VB
= threaten

5. menace menaces menacing menaced
If you are menaced by someone, they threaten to harm you.

- She's being menaced by her sister's latest boyfriend.

VB
= threaten

6. menace
If someone commits the crime of demanding money with menaces , they threaten to cause harm unless they are given the money. (BRIT, LEGAL)

- He denies demanding money with menaces.

PHR: usu PHR after v

menacing *

1. menacing
If someone or something looks menacing , they give you a feeling that they are likely to cause you harm or put you in danger.

- The strong dark eyebrows give his face an oddly menacing look.

- He moved his menacing bulk closer to the table.

- The wide river looked less menacing when flanked by the warm yellow houses.

ADJ-GRADED
= threatening

2. menacingly

- A group of men suddenly emerged from a doorway and moved menacingly forward to block her way.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v, also ADV adj/-ed

menace

noun

1.

threat

intimidation

warning

2.

nuisance

annoyance

pest

plague

troublemaker

verb

3.

threaten

bully

frighten

intimidate

loom

lour or lower

terrorize

menacing

adjective Informal

threatening

forbidding

frightening

intimidating

looming

louring or lowering

ominous

menage

n.

家务,家庭

menage

menage
A menage is a group of people living together in one house. (FORMAL)
N-SING: usu with supp also m´enage .

menage a trois

menage a trois menages a trois
A menage a trois is a situation where three people live together, especially when one of them is having a sexual relationship with both of the others.
N-COUNT: usu sing also m´enage à trois .

menagerie

[D.J.:məˈnædʒəri:, -ˈnæʒ-]

[K.K.:məˈnædʒəri, -ˈnæʒ-]

n.

小动物园

menagerie

menagerie menageries
A menagerie is a collection of wild animals.
N-COUNT

mend

[D.J.:mend]

[K.K.:mɛnd]

vt. & vi.

修理, 修补

改[纠]正; 改善[进]

vi.

恢复; 康复

n.

修补过的地方

mending

[D.J.:ˈmendɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmɛndɪŋ]

n.

待缝补的衣服

mend *

1. mend mends mending mended
If you mend something that is broken or not working, you repair it, so that it works properly or can be used.

- They took a long time to mend the roof.

- Somebody else lent me a pump and helped me mend the puncture.

- I should have had the catch mended, but never got round to it.

VB
= repair fix

2. mend mends mending mended
If a person or a part of their body mends or is mended , they get better after they have been ill or have had an injury.

- You'll mend. The X-rays show that your arm will heal all right.

- I'm feeling a good bit better. The cut aches, but it's mending.

- He must have a major operation on his knee to mend severed ligaments.

V-ERG

3. mend mends mending mended
If you try to mend divisions between people, you try to end the disagreements or quarrels between them.

- He sent Evans as his personal envoy to discuss ways to mend relations between the two countries.

- I felt that might well mend the rift between them.

VB
= heal

4. mend
If a relationship or situation is on the mend after a difficult or unsuccessful period, it is improving. (INFORMAL)

- More evidence that the economy was on the mend was needed.

PHR: v-link PHR

5. mend
If you are on the mend after an illness or injury, you are recovering from it. (INFORMAL)

- The baby had been poorly but seemed on the mend.

PHR: v-link PHR

6. mend
If someone who has been behaving badly mends their ways , they begin to behave well.

- He has promised drastic disciplinary action if they do not mend their ways.

PHR: V inflects

mending

mending
Mending is the sewing and repairing of clothes that have got holes in them. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Who will then do the cooking, the washing, the mending?

N-UNCOUNT
See also mend .

mend

verb

1.

repair

darn

fix

patch

refit

renew

renovate

restore

retouch

2.

improve

ameliorate

amend

correct

emend

rectify

reform

revise

3.

heal

convalesce

get better

recover

recuperate

noun

4.

repair

darn

patch

stitch

on the mend

5.

convalescent

getting better

improving

recovering

recuperating

mendacious

[D.J.:menˈdeɪʃəs]

[K.K.:mɛnˈdeʃəs]

adj.

撒谎的,虚假的

mendacity

n.

mendacity

[D.J.:menˈdæsɪti:]

[K.K.:mɛnˈdæsɪti]

n.

虚伪

谎言

mendacious

mendacious
A mendacious person is someone who tells lies. A mendacious statement is one that is a lie. (FORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED

mendacious

adjective

lying

deceitful

deceptive

dishonest

duplicitous

fallacious

false

fraudulent

insincere

untruthful

mendacity

mendacity
Mendacity is lying, rather than telling the truth. (FORMAL)

- For a government minister it was an astonishing display of cowardice and mendacity.

N-UNCOUNT

menfolk

[D.J.:ˈmenˌfəʊk]

[K.K.:ˈmɛnˌfok]

n.

<过时>(家庭或社区的)男人们

menfolk

menfolk
When women refer to their menfolk , they mean the men in their family or society.
N-PLURAL: usu poss N

menial

[D.J.:ˈmi:ni:əl, ˈmi:njəl]

[K.K.:ˈminiəl, ˈminjəl]

adj.

(指工作)卑贱的,不体面的

n.

(干粗活的)家仆

menial

menial
Menial work is very boring, and the people who do it have a low status and are usually badly paid.

- ...low paid menial jobs, such as cleaning and domestic work.

ADJ-GRADED

menial

adjective

1.

unskilled

boring

dull

humdrum

low-status

routine

noun

2.

servant

attendant

dogsbody informal

drudge

flunky

lackey

skivvy chiefly Brit.

underling

meningitis

[D.J.:ˌmeninˈdʒaitis]

[K.K.:ˌmɛnɪnˈdʒaɪtɪs]

n.

脑膜炎

meningitis *

meningitis
Meningitis is a serious infectious illness which affects your brain and spinal cord.
N-UNCOUNT

menopausal

[ˌmenəuˈpɔ:zəl]

adj.

绝经期的,更年期的,有绝经期(或更年期)症状的

menopause

[D.J.:ˈmenəˌpɔ:z]

[K.K.:ˈmɛnəˌpɔz]

n.

经绝期(女性更年期,通常在50岁)

menopause *

1. menopause
The menopause is the time during which a woman gradually stops menstruating, usually when she is about fifty years old.
N-SING: also no det

2. menopausal

- A menopausal woman of average build and height requires 1600 -- 2400 calories daily.

ADJ

men's room

men's room men's rooms
The men's room is a toilet for men in a public building. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

menstrual

[D.J.:ˈmenstru:əl]

[K.K.:ˈmɛnstruəl]

adj.

月经的,行经期的

menstrual *

menstrual
Menstrual means relating to menstruation.

- ...the menstrual cycle.

ADJ: ADJ n

menstruate

[D.J.:ˈmenstru:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈmɛnstruˌet]

vi.

行经,月经来潮

menstruation

[D.J.:ˌmenstru:ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmɛnstruˈeʃən]

n.

月经;行经;月经期间

menstruate *

1. menstruate menstruates menstruating menstruated
When a woman menstruates , a flow of blood comes from her womb. Women menstruate once a month unless they are pregnant or have reached the menopause. (FORMAL)

- Lean hard-training women athletes may menstruate less frequently or not at all.

VB

2. menstruation

- Menstruation may cease when a woman is anywhere between forty-five and fifty years of age.

N-UNCOUNT

menswear

[D.J.:ˈmenzˌweə]

[K.K.:ˈmɛnzˌwɛr]

n.

<正>男装

男装部

menswear

menswear
Menswear is clothing for men.

- ...the menswear industry.

N-UNCOUNT

-ment

-ment
-ment is added to some verbs to form nouns that refer to actions, processes, or states.

- ...shortly after the commencement of the service.

- ...the enrichment of uranium.

SUFFIX

mental

[D.J.:ˈmentl]

[K.K.:ˈmɛntl]

adj.

精神的, 头脑的, 心理的, 智力的

精神病的

mentally

[D.J.:ˈmentəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈm ɛnt l..ɪ]

adv.

心理上;精神上

智力上

mental ***

1. mental
Mental means relating to the process of thinking.

- The intellectual environment has a significant influence on the mental development of the children.

- ...intensive mental effort.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. mentally

- I think you are mentally tired.

- I had never felt more mentally alive.

- Physically I might not have been overseas but mentally and spiritually I was with them.

ADV: ADV adj/adv, ADV with v, ADV with cl

3. mental
Mental means relating to the state or the health of a person's mind.

- The mental state that had created her psychosis was no longer present.

- Most people know little about mental health problems.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. mentally

- ...an inmate who is mentally disturbed.

- ...the needs of the mentally ill and the mentally handicapped.

ADV: usu ADV with cl/group, also ADV after v

5. mental
A mental act is one that involves only thinking and not physical action.

- Practise mental arithmetic when you go out shopping.

- Graham made a quick mental calculation.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. mentally

- This technique will help people mentally organize information.

ADV: ADV with v

7. mental
If you say that someone is mental , you mean that you think they are mad. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I just said to him `you must be mental'.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= crazy mad

8. mental
If you make a mental note of something, you make an effort to store it in your memory so that you will not forget it.

- She made a mental note to have his prescription refilled.

PHR: V inflects, PHR of n, PHR to-inf

mental

adjective

1.

intellectual

cerebral

2.

insane

deranged

disturbed

mad

mentally ill

psychotic

unbalanced

unstable

mentally

adverb

in the mind

in one's head

intellectually

inwardly

psychologically

mental age

mental age mental ages
A person's mental age is the age which they are considered to have reached in their ability to think or reason.
N-COUNT: usu sing

mental hospital

mental hospital mental hospitals
A mental hospital is a hospital for people who are suffering from mental illness.
N-COUNT

mentality

[D.J.:menˈtæliti]

[K.K.:mɛnˈtælɪti]

n.

心态; 思想方法

智力, 智能

mentality *

mentality mentalities
Your mentality is your attitudes and your way of thinking.

- ...a criminal mentality...

- Running a business requires a very different mentality from being a salaried employee.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

mentality

noun Informal

attitude

cast of mind

character

disposition

make-up

outlook

personality

psychology

menthol

[D.J.:ˈmenˌθɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈmɛnˌθɔl]

n.

薄荷醇;薄荷脑

menthol

menthol
Menthol is a substance that smells a bit like peppermint and is used to flavour things such as cigarettes and toothpaste. It is also used in some medicines, especially for curing colds.
N-UNCOUNT

mention

[D.J.:ˈmenʃən]

[K.K.:ˈmɛnʃən]

vt.

提到, 说起

n.

提及, 说起

mention ****

1. mention mentions mentioning mentioned
If you mention something, you say something about it, usually briefly.

- She did not mention her mother's absence.

- I may not have mentioned it to her.

- I had mentioned that I didn't really like contemporary music.

- She shouldn't have mentioned how heavy the dress was.

- Elizabeth told of her love of archaeology and Clarice mentioned Turkey as a place of great antiquity.

VB

2. mention mentions
A mention is a reference to something or someone.

- The statement made no mention of government casualties.

- At the community centre, mention of funds produces pained looks.

N-VAR: oft N of n

3. mention mentions mentioning mentioned
If someone is mentioned in writing, a reference is made to them by name, often to criticize or praise something that they have done.

- I was absolutely outraged that I could be even mentioned in an article of this kind.

- As for your father, he won't be mentioned in my will.

- ...Brigadier Ferguson was mentioned in the report as being directly responsible.

VB: usu passive

4. mention mentions mentioning mentioned
If someone is mentioned as a candidate for something such as a job, it is suggested that they might become a candidate.

- His appointment is a complete surprise -- he has never been mentioned as a front runner.

- Her name has been mentioned as a favoured leadership candidate.

VB: usu passive

5. mention mentions
A special or honourable mention is formal praise that is given for an achievement that is very good, although not usually the best of its kind.

- Two of the losers deserve special mention: Caroline Swaithes, of Kings Norton, and Maria Pons, of Valencia.

N-VAR: with supp
= commendation

6. mention
People sometimes say ` don't mention it ' as a polite reply to someone who has just thanked them for doing something.

- `Thank you very much.' --- `Don't mention it.'

CONVENTION formulae

7. mention
You use not to mention when you want to add extra information which emphasizes the point that you are making.

- The audience, not to mention the bewildered cast, were not amused.

- It was both deliberate and malicious, not to mention clever.

PHR: PHR group emphasis

mention

verb

1.

refer to

bring up

declare

disclose

divulge

intimate

point out

reveal

state

touch upon

noun

2.

acknowledgment

citation

recognition

tribute

3.

reference

allusion

indication

observation

remark

mentor

[D.J.:ˈmenˌtɔ:, -tə]

[K.K.:ˈmɛnˌtɔr, -tɚ]

n.

(无经验之人的)有经验可信赖的顾问

mentor

1. mentor mentors
A person's mentor is someone who gives them help and advice over a period of time, especially help and advice related to their job.
N-COUNT: usu poss N

2. mentor mentors mentoring mentored
To mentor someone means to give them help and advice over a period of time, especially help and advice related to their job.

- He had mentored scores of younger doctors.

VB

3. mentoring

- The company's mentoring programme focuses specifically on women and minorities.

N-UNCOUNT

mentor

noun

guide

adviser

coach

counsellor

guru

instructor

teacher

tutor

menu

[D.J.:ˈmenju:]

[K.K.:ˈmɛnju, ˈmenju]

n.

菜单

(荧光屏上显示的)项目

menu **

1. menu menus
In a restaurant or caf´e, or at a formal meal, the menu is a list of the meals and drinks that are available.

- A waiter offered him the menu.

- Even the most elaborate dishes on the menu were quite low on calories.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. menu menus
A menu is the food that you serve at a meal.

- Try out the menu on a few friends.

- The menu is all-important. Every component of every meal should create contrasts.

N-COUNT

3. menu menus
On a computer, a menu is a list of choices. Each choice represents something that you can do using the computer.
N-COUNT

menu

noun

bill of fare

carte du jour

tariff chiefly Brit.

MEP

abbr.

Mean Effective Pressure 平均有效压力

MEP

abbr.

Mean Effective Pressure 平均有效压力

MEP *

MEP MEPs
An MEP is a person who has been elected to the European Parliament. MEP is an abbreviation for `Member of the European Parliament'.
N-COUNT

mercantile

[D.J.:ˈmɜ:kənˌti:l, -ˌtaɪl, -tɪl]

[K.K.:ˈmə..kənˌtil, -ˌtaɪl, -tɪl]

adj.

贸易的,商业的;商人的;经商的

mercantile marine

(一个国家的)商船

(一个国家的)商船人员

mercantile paper

商业票据

mercantile *

mercantile
Mercantile means relating to or involved in trade. (FORMAL)

- The older noble families were eclipsed by the emergence of a new mercantile class.

ADJ: ADJ n

mercantile

adjective

commercial

trading

mercenary

[D.J.:ˈmɜ:səˌneri:]

[K.K.:ˈmə..səˌnɛri]

adj.

雇用的,为钱的,唯利是图的

mercenarily

adv.

雇用地,唯利是图地

mercenary *

1. mercenary mercenaries
A mercenary is a soldier who is paid to fight by a country or group that they do not belong to.
N-COUNT

2. mercenary
If you describe someone as mercenary , you are criticizing them because you think that they are only interested in the money that they can get from a particular person or situation.
ADJ-GRADED disapproval

mercenary

adjective

1.

greedy

acquisitive

avaricious

grasping

money-grubbing informal

sordid

venal

noun

2.

hireling

soldier of fortune

merchandise

[D.J.:ˈmə:tʃəndaiz]

[K.K.:ˈmɚtʃənˌdaɪz, -ˌdaɪs]

n.

商品, 货物

vt.

买卖, 经营

merchandise *

merchandise
Merchandise is goods that are bought, sold, or traded. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

merchandise

noun

goods

commodities

produce

products

stock

wares

merchandiser

[ˈmə:tʃəndaizə]

n.

商人

merchandiser

merchandiser merchandisers
A merchandiser is a person or company that sells goods to the public. (AM; in BRIT use retailer )

- In 1979, Liquor Barn thrived as a discount merchandiser.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= merchant

merchandising

[ˈmə:tʃəndaiziŋ]

n.

商品的广告推销,销售规划

merchandising *

1. merchandising
Merchandising consists of goods such as toys and clothes that are linked with something such as a film, sports team, or pop group.

- We are selling the full range of World Cup merchandising.

- The club says it will make increasing amounts from merchandising.

N-UNCOUNT

2. merchandising
Merchandising is used to refer to the way shops and businesses organize the sale of their products, for example the way they are displayed and the prices that are chosen. (mainly AM)

- Company executives say revamped merchandising should help Macy's earnings to grow.

N-UNCOUNT

merchant

[D.J.:ˈmə:tʃənt]

[K.K.:ˈmɚtʃənt]

n.

商人

merchant ***

1. merchant merchants
A merchant is a person who buys or sells goods in large quantities, especially one who imports and exports them.

- Any knowledgeable wine merchant would be able to advise you.

N-COUNT

2. merchant merchants
A merchant is a person who owns or runs a shop, store, or other business. (AM; in BRIT usually use retailer or shopkeeper )

- The family was forced to live on credit from local merchants.

N-COUNT
= merchandiser

3. merchant
Merchant seamen or ships are involved in carrying goods for trade.

- There's been a big reduction in the size of the British merchant fleet in recent years.

ADJ: ADJ n

merchant

noun

tradesman

broker

dealer

purveyor

retailer

salesman

seller

shopkeeper

supplier

trader

trafficker

vendor

wholesaler

merchant bank *

merchant bank merchant banks
A merchant bank is a bank that deals mainly with firms, investment, and foreign trade, rather than with the public. (mainly BRIT; ALSO AM, TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

merchant banker

merchant banker merchant bankers
A merchant banker is someone who works for a merchant bank.
N-COUNT

merciful

[D.J.:ˈmɜ:sɪfəl]

[K.K.:ˈmə..sɪfəl]

adj.

仁慈的,宽恕的

mercifulness

n.

merciful

1. merciful
If you describe God or a person in a position of authority as merciful , you mean that they show kindness and forgiveness to people.

- ...a merciful God...

- We can only hope the court is merciful.

ADJ-GRADED

2. merciful
If you describe an event or situation as merciful , you mean that it is a good thing, especially because it stops someone's suffering or discomfort.

- We were told when he was taken to hospital that his injuries were so severe death would be merciful.

- Eventually the session came to a merciful end.

ADJ-GRADED

merciful

adjective

compassionate

clement

forgiving

generous

gracious

humane

kind

lenient

sparing

sympathetic

tender-hearted

mercifully

[D.J.:ˈmɜ:sɪfɵlɪ]

adv.

<主文>①令人感激地;幸而

仁慈地;宽大地;宽容地

mercifully *

mercifully
You can use mercifully to show that you are glad that something good has happened, or that something bad has not happened or has stopped.

- Mercifully, a friend came to the rescue.

- Bolivia has been mercifully free of large-scale, drug-related violence.

ADV: ADV with cl, ADV adj, ADV with v feelings
= thankfully

merciless

[D.J.:ˈmɜ:sɪlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈmə..sɪlɪs]

adj.

无情的,残忍的

mercilessly

[D.J.:ˈmɜ:sɪlɪslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈmə..sɪlɪslɪ]

adv.

无情地;残忍地

merciless *

1. merciless
If you describe someone as merciless , you mean that they are very cruel or determined and do not show any concern for the effect their actions have on other people.

- Whistler, as always, was merciless.

- ...the merciless efficiency of a modern police state.

ADJ-GRADED
= ruthless

2. mercilessly

- We teased him mercilessly.

- The sun beat down mercilessly on the women's bare heads.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj, ADV with cl

merciless

adjective

cruel

barbarous

callous

hard-hearted

harsh

heartless

pitiless

ruthless

unforgiving

mercurial

[D.J.:məˈkjʊəri:əl]

[K.K.:mɚˈkjʊriəl]

adj.

(指人)反复无常的

水银的,含水银的

mercurial

mercurial
If you describe someone as mercurial , you mean that they frequently change their mind or mood without warning. (LITERARY)

- ...his mercurial temperament.

ADJ-GRADED
= volatile

mercurial

adjective

lively

active

capricious

changeable

impulsive

irrepressible

mobile

quicksilver

spirited

sprightly

unpredictable

volatile

mercury

[ˈmə:kjuri]

n.

〈化〉汞, 水银

mercury *

mercury
Mercury is a silver-coloured liquid metal that is used especially in thermometers and barometers.
N-UNCOUNT

mercy

[D.J.:ˈmə:si]

[K.K.:ˈmɚsi]

n.

宽容, 怜悯, 仁慈

幸运之事, 侥幸

mercy **

1. mercy
If someone in authority shows mercy , they choose not to harm someone they have power over, or they forgive someone they have the right to punish.

- Neither side took prisoners or showed any mercy.

- They cried for mercy but their pleas were met with abuse and laughter.

- May God have mercy on your soul.

N-UNCOUNT

2. mercy
Mercy is used to describe a special journey to help someone in great need, such as people who are sick or made homeless by war. (JOURNALISM)

- She vanished nine months ago while on a mercy mission to West Africa.

- It's the first so-called mercy flight for a fortnight as the Americans have been waiting for enough people to fill a 747 jet.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. mercy mercies
If you refer to an event or situation as a mercy , you mean that it makes you feel happy or relieved, usually because it stops something unpleasant happening.

- It really was a mercy that he'd gone so rapidly at the end.

- The two cars finished up in a run-off area, clear of the circuit, and that was a mercy.

N-COUNT: usu a N
= blessing

4. mercy
If one person or thing is at the mercy of another, the first person or thing is in a situation where they cannot prevent themselves being harmed or affected by the second.

- Buildings are left to decay at the mercy of vandals and the weather.

- The Emperor must realize that he has us at his mercy.

PHR: with poss, usu PHR after v, v-link PHR

5. mercy
If you tell someone who is in an unpleasant situation that they should be grateful or thankful for small mercies , you mean that although their situation is bad, it could be even worse, and so they should be happy.

- But so low has morale sunk that the team and the fans would have been grateful for small mercies.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

6. mercy
If you throw yourself on someone's mercy , you put yourself in a situation where they will have complete power to decide how to treat you, for example whether to punish or forgive you.

- He's going to throw himself on the mercy of the court.

PHR: V inflects

mercy

noun

1.

compassion

clemency

forbearance

forgiveness

grace

kindness

leniency

pity

2.

blessing

boon

godsend

mercy killing

mercy killing mercy killings
A mercy killing is an act of killing someone who is very ill, in order to stop them suffering any more pain.
N-VAR

mere

[D.J.:miə]

[K.K.:mɪr]

adj.

仅仅, 只不过

纯粹的

mere ***

( Mere does not have a comparative form. The superlative form merest is used to emphasize how small something is, rather than in comparisons.)

1. mere
You use mere to emphasize how unimportant or inadequate something is, in comparison to the general situation you are describing.

- ...successful exhibitions which go beyond mere success...

- There is more to good health than the mere absence of disease.

- In Poland, the faith has always meant more than mere religion.

- She'd never received the merest hint of any communication from him.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

2. mere
You use mere to indicate that a quality or action that is usually unimportant has a very important or strong effect.

- The mere mention of food had triggered off hunger pangs.

- Whenever there was a gap in the traffic the merest pressure on the accelerator was enough to close it.

- The mere suggestion that she might have to scrub the floor filled her with horror.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. mere
You use mere to emphasize how small a particular amount or number is.

- Sixty per cent of teachers are women, but a mere 5 percent of women are heads and deputies.

- Tickets are a mere £7.50 at the door.

- For the past two decades, North Carolina taxed cigarettes at a mere 2 cents a packet.

ADJ: a ADJ amount emphasis

mere

adjective

simple

bare

common

nothing more than

plain

pure

sheer

merely

[D.J.:ˈmiəli]

[K.K.:ˈmɪrli]

adv.

仅仅, 只不过

merely ***

1. merely
You use merely to emphasize that something is only what you say and not better, more important, or more exciting.

- Michael is now merely a good friend.

- Francis Watson was far from being merely a furniture expert.

- Merely because you believe a thing is right, it isn't automatically so.

- They are offering merely technical assistance.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV before v emphasis
= just simply

2. merely
You use merely to emphasize that a particular amount or quantity is very small.

- The brain accounts for merely three per cent of body weight.

ADV: ADV amount emphasis
= only

3. merely
You use not merely before the less important of two contrasting statements, as a way of emphasizing the more important statement.

- The team needs players who want to play cricket for England, not merely any country that will have them.

- His were not merely crimes of theft but of violence against elderly people.

PHR: PHR with cl/group, PHR before v emphasis
= not just

meretricious

[D.J.:ˌmerɪˈtrɪʃəs]

[K.K.:ˌmɛrɪˈtrɪʃəs]

adj.

俗艳的,华而不实的

meretricious

meretricious
If you describe something as meretricious , you disapprove of it because although it looks attractive it is actually of little value. (FORMAL)

- ...vulgar, meretricious and shabby souvenirs.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

meretricious

adjective

trashy

flashy

garish

gaudy

gimcrack

showy

tawdry

tinsel

merge

[D.J.:mə:dʒ]

[K.K.:mɚdʒ]

vt. & vi.

(使)混合, (使)合并

merged

〈美俚〉结了婚的

merging

[ˈmə:dʒiŋ]

n.

合并(分类)

merge **

1. merge merges merging merged
If one thing merges with another, or is merged with another, they combine or come together to make one whole thing. You can also say that two things merge , or are merged .

- My life merged with his.

- Bank of America merged with a rival bank.

- The rivers merge just north of a vital irrigation system.

- The two countries merged into one.

- He sees sense in merging the two agencies while both are new.

- Then he showed me how to merge the graphic with text on the same screen.

V-RECIP-ERG

2. merge merges merging merged
If one sound, colour, or object merges into another, the first changes so gradually into the second that you do not notice the change.

- Like a chameleon, he could merge unobtrusively into the background.

- His features merged with the darkness.

- Night and day begin to merge.

V-RECIP

merge

verb

combine

amalgamate

blend

coalesce

converge

fuse

join

meet

mingle

mix

unite

merger

[D.J.:ˈmɜ:dʒə]

[K.K.:ˈmə..dʒɚ]

n.

(两个公司的)合并

merger ***

merger mergers
A merger is the joining together of two separate companies or organizations so that they become one.

- ...a merger between two of Britain's biggest trades unions.

- ...the proposed merger of two Japanese banks.

N-COUNT

merger

noun

union

amalgamation

coalition

combination

consolidation

fusion

incorporation

meridian

[D.J.:məˈrɪdi:ən]

[K.K.:məˈrɪdiən]

n.

子午圈, 子午线

顶点;(权力, 成就等的)全盛时期

meridian

meridian meridians
A meridian is an imaginary line from the North Pole to the South Pole. Meridians are drawn on maps to help you describe the position of a place.
N-COUNT

meringue

[D.J.:məˈræŋ]

[K.K.:məˈræŋ]

n.

(糖和蛋白混合制成的)蛋白糖饼

meringue *

meringue meringues
Meringue is a mixture of egg whites and sugar which is baked in the oven.
N-VAR

merit

[D.J.:ˈmerit]

[K.K.:ˈmɛrɪt]

n.

功勋, 功劳; 价值

长处, 优点

vt.

值得; 应获得

merited

[ˈmeritid]

adj.

应得的

merit **

1. merit
If something has merit , it has good or worthwhile qualities.

- The argument seemed to have considerable merit.

- Box-office success mattered more than artistic merit.

- Your feature has the merit of simply stating what has been achieved.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. merit merits
The merits of something are its advantages or other good points.

- They have been persuaded of the merits of peace.

- ...the technical merits of a film...

- It was obvious that, whatever its merits, their work would never be used.

N-PLURAL: usu with poss

3. merit merits meriting merited
If someone or something merits a particular action or treatment, they deserve it. (FORMAL)

- He said he had done nothing wrong to merit a criminal investigation.

- Such ideas merit careful consideration.

VB
= deserve

4. merit
If you judge something or someone on merit or on their merits , your judgement is based on what you notice when you consider them, rather than on things that you know about them from other sources.

- Everybody is selected on merit.

- Each case is judged on its merits.

PHR: PHR after v

merit

noun

1.

worth

advantage

asset

excellence

goodness

integrity

quality

strong point

talent

value

virtue

verb

2.

deserve

be entitled to

be worthy of

earn

have a right to

rate

warrant

meritocracy

[D.J.:ˌmeriˈtɔkrəsi]

[K.K.:ˌmɛrɪˈtɑkrəsi]

n.

知识界精华

meritocracy

meritocracy meritocracies
A meritocracy is a society or social system in which people get status or rewards because of what they achieve, rather than because of their wealth or social status.
N-VAR

meritocratic

meritocratic
A meritocratic society or social system gives people status or rewards because of what they achieve, rather than because of their wealth or social position.

- ...a more meritocratic society.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

meritorious

[D.J.:ˌmerɪˈtɔ:ri:əs, -ˈtəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˌmɛrɪˈtɔriəs, -ˈtor-]

adj.

值得称赞的

meritorious

meritorious
If you describe something as meritorious , you approve of it for its good or worthwhile qualities. (FORMAL)

- I had been promoted for what was called gallant and meritorious service.

ADJ-GRADED approval

meritorious

adjective

praiseworthy

admirable

commendable

creditable

deserving

excellent

good

laudable

virtuous

worthy

mermaid

[D.J.:ˈmɜ:ˌmeɪd]

[K.K.:ˈmə..ˌmed]

n.

(传说中的)美人鱼

mermaid *

mermaid mermaids
In fairy stories and legends, a mermaid is a woman with a fish's tail instead of legs, who lives in the sea.
N-COUNT

merrily

[D.J.:ˈmerɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈm ɛrɪlɪ]

adv.

快乐地,愉快地;兴高采烈地

merry

[D.J.:ˈmeri]

[K.K.:ˈmɛri]

adj.

欢乐的, 愉快的

喝得微醉的

merrily

1. merrily
If you say that someone merrily does something, you are critical of the fact that they do it without realizing that there are a lot of problems which they have not thought about.

- There they were, merrily describing their 16-hour working days while simultaneously claiming to be happily married.

- Both NATO and the Community knew they could not go merrily on as before.

ADV: ADV with v disapproval
= blithely

2. merrily
If you say that something is happening merrily , you mean that it is happening fairly quickly, and in a pleasant or satisfactory way.

- The ferry cut merrily through the water.

- A pan of potatoes was boiling away merrily on the gas stove.

ADV: ADV with v

merry *

1. merry merrier merriest
If you describe someone's character or behaviour as merry , you mean that they are happy and cheerful. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He was much loved for his merry nature.

- From the house come the bursts of merry laughter.

- Merry black eyes glinted at them.

ADJ-GRADED
= jolly jovial

2. merrily

- Chris threw back his head and laughed merrily.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. merry merrier merriest
A merry sound or sight makes you feel cheerful. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...the merry sounds of a seven-piece brass band...

- She was humming a merry little tune.

ADJ-GRADED
= cheerful

4. merry merrier merriest
If you get merry , you get slightly drunk. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- They went off to Glengarriff to get merry.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= tipsy

5. merry
Some people use merry to emphasize something that they are saying, often when they want to express disapproval or humour.

- It hasn't stopped the British Navy proceeding on its merry way.

- In the merry world of American lawyers it is the simplest thing in the world to start an action.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

6. merry
Just before Christmas and on Christmas Day, people say ` Merry Christmas ' to other people to express the hope that they will have a happy time.

- Merry Christmas, everyone.

- I just wanted to wish you a merry Christmas.

- A merry Christmas to all our readers.

CONVENTION formulae
= Happy Christmas

7. merry
If people make merry , they enjoy themselves and have fun, for example by singing, dancing, and drinking together. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Neighbours approached their boundaries from opposite sides and made merry together.

PHR: V inflects

merry

adjective

1.

cheerful

blithe

carefree

convivial

festive

happy

jolly

joyous

2.

tipsy

happy

mellow

squiffy Brit. informal

tiddly slang chiefly Brit.

merriment

[D.J.:ˈmerɪmənt]

[K.K.:ˈmɛrɪmənt]

n.

<正>欢乐;嬉戏;欢笑

merriment

merriment
Merriment means laughter. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-UNCOUNT

merriment

noun

fun

amusement

festivity

glee

hilarity

jollity

joviality

laughter

mirth

revelry

merry-go-round

[D.J.:ˈmeri:gəʊˌraʊnd]

[K.K.:ˈmɛriɡoˌraʊnd]

n.

旋转木马

merry-go-round

1. merry-go-round merry-go-rounds
A merry-go-round is a large circular platform at a fairground on which there are model animals or vehicles for people to sit on or in as it turns round.
N-COUNT

2. merry-go-round merry-go-rounds
You can refer to a continuous series of activities as a merry-go-round .

- ...a merry-go-round of teas, fetes, musical events and the like.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

merry-making

merry-making
Merry-making is the activities of people who are enjoying themselves together in a lively way, for example by eating, drinking, or dancing.

- ...a time of merry-making, feasting and visiting friends.

N-UNCOUNT

mesa

[D.J.:ˈmeɪsə]

[K.K.:ˈmesə]

n.

平顶山(常见于美国西南部地区)

mesa

mesa mesas
A mesa is a large hill with a flat top and steep sides; used mainly of hills in the south-western United States. (AM)
N-COUNT

mesh

[D.J.:meʃ]

[K.K.:mɛʃ]

n.

网孔, 筛孔

网状物

meshed

有孔的,有孔眼的;啮合的

meshes

网片

mesh *

1. mesh meshes
Mesh is material like a net made from wire, thread, or plastic.

- The ground-floor windows are obscured by wire mesh.

- ...a mesh small enough to exclude tiny insects.

N-VAR

2. mesh meshes meshing meshed
If two things or ideas mesh or are meshed , they go together well or fit together closely.

- Their senses of humor meshed perfectly.

- This of course meshes with the economic philosophy of those on the right.

- Meshing the research and marketing operations will be Mr. Furlaud's job as president of the new company.

V-RECIP-ERG

mesh

noun Brit. informal

1.

net

netting

network

tracery

web

verb

2.

engage

combine

connect

coordinate

dovetail

harmonize

interlock

knit

mesmerize

[D.J.:ˈmezməˌraɪz, ˈmes-]

[K.K.:ˈmɛzməˌraɪz, ˈmɛs-]

vt.

使入迷

mesmerize *

1. mesmerize mesmerizes mesmerizing mesmerized
If you are mesmerized by something, you are so interested in it or so attracted to it that you cannot think about anything else.

- He was absolutely mesmerised by Pavarotti on television.

- There was something about Pearl that mesmerised her.

VB (BRIT) also mesmerise
= transfix

2. mesmerized

- I sat mesmerized long after the fairground closed and the folk had all gone.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

3. mesmerizing

- She has a mesmerising smile.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

mesmerize

verb

entrance

captivate

enthral

fascinate

grip

hold spellbound

hypnotize

mess

[D.J.:mes]

[K.K.:mɛs]

vt.

弄脏; 弄乱

n.

杂乱, 脏乱; 脏东西

不整洁[乱七八糟]的人[事]

粪便

mess ***

1. mess
If you say that something is a mess or in a mess , you think that it is in an untidy state.

- The house is a mess.

- The wrong shampoo can leave curly hair in a tangled mess.

- Linda can't stand mess.

N-SING: also no det

2. mess messes
If you say that a situation is a mess , you mean that it is full of trouble or problems. You can also say that something is in a mess .

- I've made such a mess of my life.

- ...the many reasons why the economy is in such a mess...

- She'd got herself into a mess, of that he was certain.

N-VAR

3. mess messes
A mess is something liquid or sticky that has been accidentally dropped on something.

- Finally, making a dreadful mess, they devour the fruit.

- I'll clear up the mess later.

N-VAR

4. mess messes
The mess at a military base or military barracks is the building in which members of the armed forces can eat or relax.

- ...a party at the officers' mess...

- He hurried to the Mess to find the control officer.

N-COUNT: usu sing

mess

noun

1.

disorder

chaos

clutter

confusion

disarray

disorganization

hotchpotch

jumble

litter

shambles

untidiness

2.

difficulty

deep water

dilemma

fix informal

jam informal

muddle

pickle informal

plight

predicament

tight spot

verb

often with up 3.

dirty

clutter

disarrange

dishevel

muck up Brit. slang

muddle

pollute

scramble

often with with 4.

interfere

fiddle informal

meddle

play

tamper

tinker

mess around ***

1. mess around messes around; messing around; messed around
If you mess around or mess about , you spend time doing things without any particular purpose or without achieving anything.

- We were just messing around playing with paint.

- Stop messing about and go and buy one.

- Boys and girls will enjoy messing about with any kind of machine.

PHR-V (BRIT) also mess about

2. mess around messes around; messing around; messed around
If you say that someone is messing around with or messing about with something, you mean that they are interfering with it in a harmful way.

- I'd like to know who's been messing about with the pram.

PHR-V

3. mess around messes around; messing around; messed around
If someone is messing around or messing about , they are behaving in a joking or silly way.

- I thought she was messing about.

PHR-V
= fool around

4. mess around messes around; messing around; messed around
If you mess someone around or mess them about , you treat them badly, for example by not being honest with them, or by continually changing plans which affect them. (mainly BRIT)

- Davison had pulled out of a move to his old club because they had `messed him about'.

- I think they've been messed around far too much.

PHR-V

mess up ***

1. mess up messes up; messing up; messed up
If you mess something up or if you mess up , you cause something to fail or be spoiled. (INFORMAL)

- When politicians mess things up, it is the people who pay the price.

- He had messed up one career.

- If I messed up, I would probably be fired.

PHR-V
= spoil

2. mess up messes up; messing up; messed up
If you mess up a place or a thing, you make it untidy or dirty. (INFORMAL)

- I hope they haven't messed up your video tapes.

PHR-V

3. mess up messes up; messing up; messed up
If something messes someone up , it causes them to be very confused or worried, or to have psychological problems. (INFORMAL)

- That really messed them up, especially the boys.

PHR-V

mess with ***

mess with messes with; messing with; messed with
If you tell someone not to mess with a person or thing, you are warning them not to get involved with that person or thing.

- You are messing with people's religion and they don't like that.

- Do you know who you're messing with -- do you know who I am?

PHR-V
= fool with

message

[D.J.:ˈmesidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈmɛsɪdʒ]

n.

信息, 便条, 口信

要旨, 主题思想

message ****

1. message
A message is a piece of information or a request that you send to someone or leave for them when you cannot speak to them directly.

- I got a message you were trying to reach me.

- Would you like to leave a message?.

- A message taped by the President was broadcast to US troops around the world.

N-COUNT

2. message
The message that someone is trying to communicate, for example in a book or play, is the idea or point that they are trying to communicate.

- The report's message was unequivocal.

- I no longer want to stay friendly with her but I don't know how to get the message across.

- I think they got the message that this is wrong.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp
= idea

3. message messages messaging messaged
If you message someone, you send them a message electronically using a computer or another device such as a mobile phone.

- People who message a lot feel unpopular if they don't get many back.

- She messaged saying she wished they were together.

VB

messaging

messaging
Messaging is the sending of written or spoken messages using a computer or another electronic device such as a mobile phone.
N-UNCOUNT

message

noun

1.

communication

bulletin

communiqu´e

dispatch

letter

memorandum

note

tidings

word

2.

point

idea

import

meaning

moral

purport

theme

messenger

[D.J.:ˈmesindʒə]

[K.K.:ˈmɛsəndʒɚ]

n.

信使, 信差, 送信人

messenger *

messenger messengers
A messenger takes a message to someone, or takes messages regularly as their job.

- There will be a messenger at the Airport to collect the photographs from our courier.

- He gave the instruction for the document to be sent by messenger.

N-COUNT: also by N

messenger

noun

courier

carrier

delivery boy

emissary

envoy

errand-boy

go-between

herald

runner

messenger boy

messenger boy messenger boys
A messenger boy is a boy who is employed to take messages to people.
N-COUNT

mess hall

mess hall mess halls
A mess hall is a large room where a particular group of people, especially members of the armed forces, eat meals together.
N-COUNT

messiah *

1. messiah
For Jews, the Messiah is the King of the Jews, who will be sent to them by God.
N-PROPER

2. messiah
For Christians, the Messiah is Jesus Christ.
N-PROPER

3. messiah messiahs
If you refer to someone as a messiah , you mean that they are expected to do wonderful things, especially to rescue people from a very difficult or dangerous situation, or that they are thought to have done these things.

- People saw Mandela as their messiah.

- He was somehow destined to become a rock messiah.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

messianic

[ˌmesiˈænik]

adj.

救世主的;以救世主自居的,救星似的

messianic

1. messianic
Messianic means relating to the belief that a divine being has been born, or will be born, who will change the world.

- The cult leader saw himself as a Messianic figure.

ADJ: ADJ n also Messianic .

2. messianic
Messianic means relating to the belief that there will be a complete change in the social order in a country or in the world.

- The defeated radicals of the French Revolution were the first to have this messianic vision in 1794.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also Messianic .

Messrs

[ˈmesəz]

〈法〉(pl. )(=Messieurs)各位(先生)

Messrs.

[D.J.:ˈmesəz]

[K.K.:ˈmɛsəz]

n.

<法>主要用作Mr.的复数,尤用于公司的名称

Messrs *

1. Messrs
Messrs is used before the names of two or more men as part of the name of a business. (BRIT)

- The repairs were hopefully to be put in hand by Messrs Clegg & Sons of Balham.

N-TITLE (AM) Messrs.

2. Messrs
You use Messrs before the names of two or more men as the plural of Mr . (FORMAL)

- I cannot allow the remarks made by Messrs Fortt and Wyre to remain unchallenged.

N-TITLE (AM) Messrs.

messy

[D.J.:ˈmesi:]

[K.K.:ˈmɛsi]

adj.

肮脏的

messy *

1. messy messier messiest
A messy person or activity makes things dirty or untidy.

- She was a good, if messy, cook.

- As the work tends to be a bit messy you'll need to wear old clothes.

ADJ-GRADED

2. messily

- She wrote it hastily and messily on a scrap of paper.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. messy messier messiest
Something that is messy is dirty or untidy.

- Dad cooks when Mum is busy, he makes me clean up my messy room.

- Don't worry if this first coat of paint looks messy.

ADJ-GRADED

4. messy messier messiest
If you describe a situation as messy , you are emphasizing that it is confused or complicated, and therefore unsatisfactory.

- John had been through a messy divorce himself.

- Life is a messy and tangled business.

- Negotiations would be messy and time-consuming.

ADJ-GRADED

messy

adjective

untidy

chaotic

cluttered

confused

dirty

dishevelled

disordered

disorganized

muddled

shambolic

sloppy informal

metabolic

[ˌmetəˈbɔlik]

adj.

代谢作用的,新陈代谢的

metabolic *

metabolic
Metabolic means relating to a person's or animal's metabolism.

- People who have inherited a low metabolic rate will gain weight.

ADJ: ADJ n

metabolism

[D.J.:mɪˈtæbəˌlɪzəm]

[K.K.:mɪˈtæbəˌlɪzəm]

n.

新陈代谢

metabolism *

metabolism metabolisms
Your metabolism is the way that chemical processes in your body cause food to be used in an efficient way, for example to make new cells and to give you energy.
N-VAR: oft with poss

metabolize

[D.J.:mɪˈtæbəˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:mɪˈtæbəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使发生新陈代谢

metabolize

metabolize metabolizes metabolizing metabolized
When you metabolize a substance, it is affected by chemical processes in your body so that, for example, it is broken down, absorbed, and used. (TECHNICAL)

- Diabetics cannot metabolise glucose properly.

VB (BRIT) also metabolise

metal

[D.J.:ˈmetl]

[K.K.:ˈmɛtl]

n.

金属

metal ***

metal metals
Metal is a hard substance such as iron, steel, gold, or lead.

- ...pieces of furniture in wood, metal and glass...

- He hit his head against a metal bar.

N-MASS
See also base metal .

metalanguage

[D.J.:ˈmetəˌlæŋɡwidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈmɛtəˌlæŋɡwɪdʒ]

n.

语言分析用的语言

metalanguage

metalanguage metalanguages
In linguistics, the words and expressions that people use to describe or refer to language can be called metalanguage (TECHNICAL) .
N-VAR also meta-language .

metalled

[ˈmetld]

adj.

〈英〉(道路)碎石铺面的

metalled

metalled
A metalled road has a level surface made of small pieces of stone; used especially of country roads and tracks. (mainly BRIT)

- Take the metalled path running between the church and the fort.

ADJ: ADJ n

metallic

[D.J.:miˈtælik]

[K.K.:məˈtælɪk]

adj.

金属的

像金属的, 金属般的

metallic *

1. metallic
A metallic sound is like the sound of one piece of metal hitting another.

- There was a metallic click and the gates swung open.

- It gave a metallic clang, like a cracked bell.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. metallic
A metallic voice has a harsh unpleasant sound.

- ...that creaking metallic voice of hers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. metallic
Metallic paint or colours shine like metal.

- He had painted all the wood with metallic silver paint.

- Metallic finishes are seen as upmarket.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. metallic
Something that tastes metallic has a bitter unpleasant taste.

- There was a metallic taste at the back of his throat.

ADJ-GRADED

5. metallic
Metallic means consisting entirely or partly of metal.

- Even the smallest metallic object, whether a nail file or cigarette lighter, is immediately confiscated.

- Place the salmon in a nonstick metallic dish.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= metal

metallurgist

[meˈtælədʒist]

n.

冶金家,冶金学者

metallurgist

metallurgist metallurgists
A metallurgist is an expert in metallurgy.
N-COUNT

metallurgy

[D.J.:ˈmetlˌɜ:dʒi:]

[K.K.:ˈmɛtl..ˌə..dʒi]

n.

冶金学

metallurgy

metallurgy
Metallurgy is the scientific study of the properties and uses of metals.
N-UNCOUNT

metalwork

[ˈmetlwə:k]

n.

金属制品,金属制造

metalwork

1. metalwork
Metalwork is the activity of making objects out of metal in a skilful way.

- He was a craftsman in metalwork from Dresden.

- Many are employed in the prison's wood and metalwork factories.

N-UNCOUNT

2. metalwork
The metalwork is the metal part of something.

- Rust and flaking paint mean the metalwork is in poor condition.

- ...the surrounding metalwork.

N-UNCOUNT

metamorphose

[D.J.:ˌmetəˈmɔ:ˌfəʊz, -ˌfəʊs]

[K.K.:ˌmɛtəˈmɔrˌfoz, -ˌfos]

vt.

使变形,使变质

vi.

变形; 变质

metamorphosis

[D.J.:ˌmetəˈmɔ:fəsɪs]

[K.K.:ˌmɛtəˈmɔrfəsɪs]

n.

变形(尤指从蛹变为昆虫)

(性格、环境等的)改变

metamorphose

metamorphose metamorphoses metamorphosing metamorphosed
To metamorphose or be metamorphosed means to develop and change into something completely different. (FORMAL)

- ...hysterical laughter which gradually metamorphoses into convulsive sobs...

- The group is having to metamorphose from a loose collection of businesses into a fully integrated multinational.

- I was going to metamorphose the movies into an art.

- The actors were metamorphosed into a living tapestry of color at the dress rehearsal.

- The tadpoles metamorphose and emerge onto land.

- She had been metamorphosed by the war.

V-ERG
See also metamorphosis .

metamorphosis

metamorphosis metamorphoses
When a metamorphosis occurs, a person or thing develops and changes into something completely different. (FORMAL)

- ...his metamorphosis from a Republican to a Democrat...

- The employment department has undergone several metamorphoses.

N-VAR
= transformation

metamorphosis

noun

transformation

alteration

change

conversion

mutation

transmutation

metaphor

[D.J.:ˈmetəfə]

[K.K.:ˈmɛtəˌfɔr, -fɚ]

n.

隐喻

metaphor **

1. metaphor metaphors
A metaphor is an imaginative way of describing something by referring to something else which is the same in a particular way. For example, if you want to say that someone is very shy and frightened of things, you might say that they are a mouse.

- ...the avoidance of `violent expressions and metaphors' like `kill two birds with one stone'.

- ...the writer's use of metaphor.

N-VAR

2. metaphor metaphors
If one thing is a metaphor for another, it is intended or regarded as a symbol of it.

- The divided family remains a powerful metaphor for a society that continued to tear itself apart.

N-VAR: oft N for n

3. metaphor
If you mix your metaphors , you use two conflicting metaphors. People do this accidentally, or sometimes deliberately as a joke.

- To mix yet more metaphors, you were trying to run before you could walk, and I've clipped your wings.

- Despite the mixed metaphor, there is some truth in this judgement.

PHR: V inflects

metaphor

noun

figure of speech

allegory

analogy

image

symbol

trope

metaphorical

[D.J.:ˌmetəˈfɔrɪkɵl]

adj.

隐喻般的;含有许多隐喻的

metaphorically

[D.J.:ˌmetəˈf ɔrɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌm ɛtəˈf ɑrɪkəlɪ]

adv.

比喻地,隐喻地

metaphorical *

1. metaphorical
You use the word metaphorical to indicate that you are not using words with their ordinary meaning, but are describing something by means of an image or symbol.

- It turns out Levy is talking in metaphorical terms.

- The ship may be heading for the metaphorical rocks unless a buyer can be found.

ADJ-GRADED

2. metaphorically

- You're speaking metaphorically, I hope.

ADV: usu ADV with cl, ADV with v

metaphorical

adjective

figurative

allegorical

emblematic

symbolic

metaphysical

[ˌmetəˈfizikəl]

adj.

形而上学的,纯粹哲学的,超自然的

metaphysics

[D.J.:ˌmetəˈfɪzɪks]

[K.K.:ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪks]

n.

形而上学,玄学

metaphysical

adj.

metaphysical *

metaphysical
Metaphysical means relating to metaphysics.

- ...metaphysical questions like personal responsibility for violence.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

metaphysics

metaphysics
Metaphysics is a part of philosophy which is concerned with understanding reality and developing theories about what exists and how we know that it exists.
N-UNCOUNT

mete out *

mete out metes out; meting out; meted out
To mete out a punishment means to order that someone should be punished in a certain way. (FORMAL)

- His father meted out punishment with a slipper.

- ...the two year sentence meted out to a convicted child molester.

PHR-V

meteor

[D.J.:ˈmi:ti:ə, -ˌɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈmitiɚ, -ˌɔr]

n.

流星

meteor *

meteor meteors
A meteor is a piece of rock or metal that burns very brightly when it enters the earth's atmosphere from space.
N-COUNT

meteoric

[D.J.:ˌmi:ti:ˈɔ:rɪk, -ˈɔr-]

[K.K.:ˌmitiˈɔrɪk, -ˈɑr-]

adj.

疾速的

令人眼花缭乱的

流星的

meteoric

meteoric
If you use meteoric when you are describing someone's career, you mean that they achieved success very quickly.

- Let's hope that the meteoric rise to fame and fortune does not adversely affect him.

- His early career had been meteoric.

ADJ-GRADED

meteoric

adjective

spectacular

brilliant

dazzling

fast

overnight

rapid

speedy

sudden

swift

meteorite

[D.J.:ˈmi:ti:əˌraɪt]

[K.K.:ˈmitiəˌraɪt]

n.

陨星

meteorite *

meteorite meteorites
A meteorite is a large piece of rock or metal from space that has landed on Earth.
N-COUNT

meteorological

[ˌmi:tiərəˈlɔdʒikəl]

adj.

与气象学有关的, 气象的

meteorological *

meteorological
Meteorological means relating to meteorology.

- ...adverse meteorological conditions.

ADJ: ADJ n

meteorologist

[D.J.:ˌmi:ti:əˈrɔlədʒɪst]

[K.K.:ˌmitiəˈrɑlədʒɪst]

n.

气象学者

meteorology

[D.J.:ˌmi:ti:əˈrɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˌmitiəˈrɑlədʒi]

n.

气象学

meteorologist

n.

meteorology

1. meteorology
Meteorology is the study of the processes in the Earth's atmosphere that cause particular weather conditions, especially in order to predict the weather.
N-UNCOUNT

2. meteorologist meteorologists

- Meteorologists have predicted mild rains for the next few days.

N-COUNT

meter

[D.J.:ˈmi:tə]

[K.K.:ˈmitɚ]

n.

〈美〉米

计, 表, 仪表

vt.

用仪表测量

metering

[ˈmi:təriŋ]

n.

测量(法),计[配]量,测定

meter **

1. meter meters
A meter is a device that measures and records something such as the amount of gas or electricity that you have used.

- He was there to read the electricity meter.

- They have the right to come in and inspect the meter.

N-COUNT

2. meter meters metering metered
To meter something such as gas or electricity means to use a meter to measure how much of it people use, usually in order to calculate how much they have to pay.

- Only a third of these households thought it reasonable to meter water.

- Metered taxis are relatively inexpensive.

VB

3. meter meters
A meter is the same as a parking meter .
N-COUNT

methane

[D.J.:ˈmeθˌeɪn]

[K.K.:ˈmɛθˌen]

n.

<化>甲烷,沼气

methane *

methane
Methane is a colourless gas that has no smell. Natural gas consists mostly of methane.
N-UNCOUNT

method

[D.J.:ˈmeθəd]

[K.K.:ˈmɛθəd]

n.

方法, 办法

秩序, 条理

method ****

method methods
A method is a particular way of doing something.

- The pill is the most efficient method of birth control.

- ...new teaching methods...

- The usual method of getting through the Amsterdam traffic is to cycle to your local railway station and take the train.

N-COUNT: oft N of n/-ing

method

noun

1.

manner

approach

mode

modus operandi

procedure

process

routine

style

system

technique

way

2.

orderliness

order

organization

pattern

planning

purpose

regularity

system

methodical

[D.J.:miˈθɔdikəl]

[K.K.:məˈθɑdɪkəl]

adj.

有条理的, 井然的

办事有条不紊的

methodically

[D.J.:mɪˈ θ ɔdɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:mɪˈ θ ɑdɪkəlɪ]

adv.

有条理地,有条不紊地;井然地

methodical *

1. methodical
If you describe someone as methodical , you mean that they do things carefully, thoroughly, and in order.

- Da Vinci was methodical in his research, carefully recording his observations and theories.

- It seemed a sensible and methodical way of proceeding.

ADJ-GRADED

2. methodically

- She methodically put the things into her suitcase.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

methodical

adjective

orderly

businesslike

deliberate

disciplined

meticulous

organized

precise

regular

structured

systematic

Methodism

[D.J.:ˈmeθədiz(ə)m]

[K.K.:ˈmɛθəˌdɪzəm]

n.

美以美教派教会,教义和礼拜的方式

Methodism

Methodism
Methodism is the beliefs and practices of Methodists.
N-UNCOUNT

Methodist

[D.J.:ˈmeθədɪst]

[K.K.:ˈmɛθədɪst]

n.

卫理公会教徒

Methodist *

Methodist Methodists
Methodists are Christians who follow the teachings of John Wesley and who have their own branch of the Christian church and their own form of worship.
N-COUNT

methodological

[D.J.:ˌme θədəˈl ɔd ʒɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌm ɛ θədəˈl ɑd ʒɪk l..]

adj.

方法的;方法论的

教学法的

methodologist

[D.J.:ˌmeθəˈdɔlədʒist]

[K.K.:ˌmɛθəˈdɑlədʒɪst]

n.

方法论学者;方法学学者,方法学家;教学法学者

methodology

[D.J.:ˌmeθəˈdɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˌmɛθəˈdɑlədʒi]

n.

一套方法

方法学,方法论

methodological

adj.

方法学的

methodologist

n.

方法论者,方法学者

methodology *

1. methodology methodologies
A methodology is a system of methods and principles for doing something, for example for teaching or for carrying out research. (FORMAL)

- Teaching methodologies vary according to the topic.

- In their own work they may have favored the use of methodology different from mine.

N-VAR

2. methodological

- ...theoretical and methodological issues raised by the study of literary texts.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

meths

n.

甲基化酒精;变质酒精

meths

meths
Meths is the same as methylated spirits . (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

methylated spirits

methylated spirits
Methylated spirits is a liquid made from alcohol and other chemicals. It is used for removing stains and as a fuel in small lamps and heaters. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

meticulous

[D.J.:miˈtikjuləs]

[K.K.:mɪˈtɪkjələs]

adj.

极仔细的; 一丝不苟的

meticulous *

1. meticulous
If you describe someone as meticulous , you mean that they do things very carefully and with great attention to detail.

- He was so meticulous about everything.

- The painting had been executed with meticulous attention to detail.

ADJ-GRADED

2. meticulously

- The flat had been meticulously cleaned.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

meticulous

adjective

thorough

exact

fastidious

fussy

painstaking

particular

precise

punctilious

scrupulous

strict

metier

n.

职业,工作

metier

metier metiers
Your metier is the type of work that you have a natural talent for and do well. (FORMAL)

- It was as the magazine's business manager that he found his true metier.

N-COUNT: usu with poss also m´etier .

metre

[D.J.:ˈmi:tə]

[K.K.:ˈmitɚ]

n.

米

metre ***

1. metre metres
A metre is a metric unit of length equal to 100 centimetres.

- Chris Boardman won the Olympic 4,000 metres pursuit.

- The tunnel is 10 metres wide and 600 metres long.

N-COUNT: num N, oft N of n (AM) meter

2. metre metres
In the study of poetry, metre is the regular and rhythmic arrangement of syllables according to particular patterns. (TECHNICAL)

- They must each compose a poem in strict alliterative metre.

- All of the poems are written in traditional metres and rhyme schemes.

N-VAR (AM) meter

metric

[D.J.:ˈmetrik]

[K.K.:ˈmɛtrɪk]

adj.

公制的

metric *

metric
Metric means relating to the metric system.

- Around 180,000 metric tons of food aid is required.

- Converting metric measurements to U.S. equivalents is easy.

ADJ: usu num ADJ n

metric system

metric system
The metric system is the system of measurement that uses metres, grams, and litres.
N-SING: the N

metric ton *

metric ton metric tons
A metric ton is 1,000 kilograms.

- The Wall Street Journal uses 220,000 metric tons of newsprint each year.

- The Customs Service seized 27.2 metric tons of cocaine in 1986.

N-COUNT: num N, oft N of n

metro

[D.J.:ˈmetrəu]

[K.K.:ˈmɛtro]

n.，adj.

大都市(的)；大都市市政府(的)

metro *

metro metros
The metro is the underground railway system in some cities, for example in Paris.
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing also Metro .

metronome

[D.J.:ˈmetrənəum]

[K.K.:ˈmɛtrəˌnom]

n.

节拍器

metronome

metronome metronomes
A metronome is a device which is used to indicate how quickly a piece of music should be played. It can be adjusted to make regular sounds at different speeds.
N-COUNT

metropolis

[D.J.:mɪˈtrɔpəlɪs]

[K.K.:mɪˈtrɑpəlɪs]

n.

一国的主要城市(不一定是首都)

中心

metropolis *

metropolis metropolises
A metropolis is the largest, busiest, and most important city in a country or region.

- Even Lhasa was a small provincial town compared to the bustling metropolis of Chengdu.

N-COUNT: usu sing

metropolitan

[D.J.:ˌmetrəˈpɔlitən]

[K.K.:ˌmɛtrəˈpɑlɪtən]

adj.

大都会的, 大城市的

中心地区的, 正宗的

metropolitan **

1. metropolitan
Metropolitan means belonging to or typical of a large busy city.

- ...the metropolitan district of Miami.

- ...a dozen major metropolitan hospitals.

- ...metropolitan sophistication and rustic naivety.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. metropolitan
A metropolitan is an important priest in the Orthodox and Catholic Churches. He has authority over other priests and is in charge of a particular area.

- ...the Ukrainian Catholic representatives, Metropolitan Volodymyr and Bishop Sofron.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

mettle

[D.J.:ˈmetl]

[K.K.:ˈmɛtl..]

n.

内在的气质

精神,勇气

be on, show, prove, etc. your mettle

奋发起来；准备尽最大努力

put sb on their mettle

使某人尽最大努力；充分发掘某人的潜质

mettlesome

adj.

mettlesome

[D.J.:ˈmetlsəm]

[K.K.:ˈmɛtl..səm]

adj.

<褒>(通常指马等)精力充沛的，勇猛的

mettle

1. mettle
Someone's mettle is their ability to do something well in difficult circumstances.

- His first important chance to show his mettle came when he opened the new session of the Legislature.

- For both sides, it's the first real test of their mettle this season.

- It takes a man of mettle to keep a family safe and comfortable in this troubled world.

N-UNCOUNT: usu poss N

2. mettle
If you are on your mettle , you are ready to do something as well as you can, because you know that you are being tested or challenged.

- The added competition keeps them on their mettle.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

mettle

noun

courage

bravery

fortitude

gallantry

life

nerve

pluck

resolution

spirit

valour

vigour

mew

[D.J.:mju:]

[K.K.:mju]

n.

猫(通常指小猫)或海鸟的叫声

vi.

作猫或海鸟叫;咪咪叫

mews

n.

马车房(指曾用作马厩)

mew

mew mews mewing mewed
When a cat mews , it makes a soft high-pitched noise.

- From somewhere, the kitten mewed.

VB

mews *

mews
A mews is a street or small area surrounded by houses that were originally built as stables. (BRIT)

- The house is in a secluded mews.

- ...her London mews house

- ...his house in Stanhope Mews.

N-COUNT: oft in names mews is both the singular and the plural form

Mexican

[D.J.:ˈmeksɪkən]

[K.K.:ˈmɛksɪkən]

n.

墨西哥人

Mexican ***

1. Mexican
Mexican means belonging or relating to Mexico, or to its people or culture.

- ...the Mexican border town of Tijuana.

- ...Mexican officials.

ADJ

2. Mexican Mexicans
A Mexican is a Mexican citizen, or a person of Mexican origin.

- He went down the bar to a group of Mexicans and talked to them in a low voice.

N-COUNT

Mexican stand-off

Mexican stand-off Mexican stand-offs
A Mexican stand-off is a situation in which neither of the people or groups in a conflict or dispute can win and neither wants to give in first. (AM)
N-COUNT: usu sing

Mexican wave

Mexican wave Mexican waves
If a crowd of people do a Mexican wave , each person in the crowd stands up and puts their arms in the air after the person to one side of them, creating a continuous wave-like motion through the crowd. (BRIT; in AM use wave )
N-COUNT

mezzanine

[ˈmezəni:n]

n.

(尤指介于一层与二层之间的)中层楼,(戏院中的)包厢

mezzanine

1. mezzanine mezzanines
A mezzanine is a small floor which is built between two main floors of a building.

- ...the dining room on the mezzanine.

- ...the mezzanine floor.

N-COUNT

2. mezzanine mezzanines
The mezzanine is the lowest balcony in a theatre, or the front rows in the lowest balcony. (AM; in BRIT usually use dress circle )
N-COUNT: oft the N

mezzo

[ˈmezəu]

adj.

适中的,中间的

mezzo

mezzo mezzos
A mezzo is the same as a mezzo-soprano .

- ...the American mezzo Catherine Keen.

- ...the fabulous mezzo voice of Phillida Bannister.

N-COUNT

mezzo-soprano

[D.J.:ˌmetsəʊsəˈprænəʊ, -ˈprɑ:nəʊ, ˌmedzəʊ-, ˌmezəʊ-]

[K.K.:ˌmɛtsosəˈpræno, -ˈprɑno, ˌmɛdzo-, ˌmɛzo-]

n.

女中音部,女中音,女中音歌唱者

mezzo-soprano

mezzo-soprano mezzo-sopranos
A mezzo-soprano is a female singer who sings with a higher range than a contralto but a lower range than a soprano.

- She became a professional mezzo-soprano.

- ...her remarkable mezzo soprano voice.

N-COUNT

mg

abbr.

Madagascar 马达加斯加

mg

abbr.

Madagascar 马达加斯加

mg.

abbr.

milligram 毫克

mg *

mg
Mg is a written abbreviation for milligrams .

- ...300 mg of calcium.

Mgr.

abbr.

Manager 经理

Mgr.

abbr.

Manager 经理

Mgr

Mgr
Mgr is a written abbreviation for Monsignor .

MHz

MHz
MHz is a written abbreviation for megahertz .

MIA

[D.J.:ˌemaɪˈeɪ]

[K.K.:ˌɛmaɪˈe]

abbr.

missing in action 战斗中失踪的(人)

MIA

[D.J.:ˌemaɪˈeɪ]

[K.K.:ˌɛmaɪˈe]

abbr.

missing in action 战斗中失踪的(人)

MIA

1. MIA
MIA is used to describe members of the armed forces who do not return from a military operation but who are not known to have been killed or captured. MIA is an abbreviation for 'missing in action'. (mainly AM)

- He was listed as MIA.

ADJ

2. MIA MIAs
An MIA is someone who is missing in action.

- ...efforts to discover the fate of MIAs.

N-COUNT

miaow

[D.J.:mɪˈaʊ]

n.

猫的叫声

vi.

猫叫

miaow

1. miaow
Miaow is used to represent the noise that a cat makes.

- He made a frightened noise a little like the miaow of a cat.

N-COUNT; SOUND (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) meow

2. miaow
Also a verb.

- Cats miaow when they are unhappy, purr when they are happy.

VERB: V (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) meow

miasma

[D.J.:maɪˈæzmə, mi:-]

[K.K.:maɪˈæzmə, mi-]

n.

瘴气

烟雾弥漫的空气

不良气氛或影响

miasma

miasma miasmas
You can describe something bad or confused that seems to be in the air all around you as a miasma . (LITERARY)

- He crouched back in his chair, a miasma of failure, stupidity, self-pity hovering all around him.

N-VAR

mic

abbr.

microphone 麦克风,扩音器,话筒

mic

mic mics
A mic. is the same as a microphone . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

mica

[ˈmaikə]

n.

云母

mica

mica micas
Mica is a hard mineral which is found as small flat crystals in rocks. It has a great resistance to heat and electricity.
N-MASS

mice

[D.J.:maɪs]

[K.K.:maɪs]

mouse的复数形式

when the cat’s away the mice will play

猫儿不在，鼠儿自在(指管事的不在，下面的人自由自在)

mouse

[D.J.:maus]

[K.K.:maʊs]

n.

老鼠

鼠标

羞怯[胆小]的人

mice

Mice is the plural of mouse .

mouse **

1. mouse mice
A mouse is a small furry animal with a long tail.

- ...a mouse running in a wheel in its cage.

- ...the problem of rats and mice.

N-COUNT

2. mouse mice
A mouse is a device that is connected to a computer. By moving it over a flat surface and pressing its buttons, you can move the cursor around the screen and do things without using the keyboard.
N-COUNT

mickey

[ˈmiki]

n.

精神,骄气

mickey

mickey
If you take the mickey out of someone or something, you make fun of them, usually in an unkind way. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He started taking the mickey out of this poor man just because he is bald.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR out of n
= mock tease

Mickey Mouse *

Mickey Mouse
You use Mickey Mouse to show that you think something is silly, childish, easy, or worthless.

- This is not a Mickey Mouse course where every player has a chance.

- There's nothing Mickey Mouse about the 1993 version.

- The whole thing is somehow a bit Mickey Mouse.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

micro

[D.J.:ˈmaɪkrəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪkro]

n.

<口>微型计算机

微处理器

adj.

极小的

micro

micro
You use micro to indicate that something relates to a specific area, rather than a general one; used mainly in technical contexts.

- The vital task was to allow the economy to operate freely at a micro level.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ macro

micro-

[ˈmaikrəu]

pref.

表示“极微小,仪器或工具用以扩大者”之义

micro-

micro-
Micro- is used to form nouns that refer to something that is a very small example or fraction of a particular type of thing.

- These are the cells that directly attack and kill micro-organisms.

- The pulse is usually timed in micro-seconds.

PREFIX

microbe

[D.J.:ˈmaɪˌkrəʊb]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪˌkrob]

n.

微生物,细菌

microbe

microbe microbes
A microbe is a very small living thing, which you can only see if you use a microscope.
N-COUNT
= micro-organism

microbe

noun

microorganism

bacillus

bacterium

bug informal

germ

virus

microbiological

microbiological
Microbiological refers to studies or tests relating to very small living things such as bacteria and their effects on people.

- ...microbiological testing.

ADJ: ADJ n

microbiologist

微生物学家

microbiology

[D.J.:ˌmaikrəubaiˈɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:ˌmaɪkrobaɪˈɑlədʒi]

n.

微生物学

microbiology

1. microbiology
Microbiology is the branch of biology which is concerned with very small living things such as bacteria and their effects on people.

- ...a professor of microbiology and immunology.

N-UNCOUNT

2. microbiologist microbiologists

- ...a microbiologist at Liverpool University.

N-COUNT

microchip

[D.J.:ˈmaɪkrəˌtʃɪp]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪkrəˌtʃɪp]

n.

微晶片(微型集成电路片)

microchip *

microchip microchips
A microchip is a very small piece of silicon inside a computer. It has electronic circuits on it and can hold large quantities of information or perform mathematical and logical operations.
N-COUNT

micro-computer

micro-computer micro-computers
A micro-computer is a small computer, especially one used for writing documents.
N-COUNT

microcosm

[D.J.:ˈmaɪkrəˌkɔzəm]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪkrəˌkɑzəm]

n.

微观世界,小宇宙

缩影

in microcosm

小规模地

microcosmic

adj.

microcosmic

adj.

微观宇宙的,微观世界的,微观的

microcosm

microcosm microcosms
A microcosm is a small society, place, or activity which has all the typical features of a much larger one and so seems like a smaller version of it. (FORMAL)

- Kitchell says the city was a microcosm of all American culture during the '60s.

- In many respects, Mahan's story is that of the Asian community in microcosm.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, also in N
≠ macrocosm

microelectronics

[D.J.:ˈmaikrəuiˌlekˈtrɔniks]

[K.K.:ˌmaɪkroɪlɛkˈtrɑnɪks]

n.

微电子学

microelectronics

microelectronics
Microelectronics is the branch of electronics that deals with miniature electronic circuits.
N-UNCOUNT The form microelectronic is used as a modifier

microfiche

[ˈmaikrəufi:ʃ]

n.

单片缩影胶片

microfiche

microfiche microfiches
A microfiche is a small sheet of film on which writing or other information is stored, greatly reduced in size.
N-VAR

microfilm

[D.J.:ˈmaɪkrəˌfɪlm]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪkrəˌfɪlm]

n.

(拍摄文件等用的)缩微胶卷

vi.

用缩微胶卷拍摄

microfilm

microfilm microfilms
Microfilm is film that is used for photographing information and storing it in a reduced form.
N-VAR

micro-organism *

micro-organism micro-organisms
A micro-organism is a very small living thing which you can only see if you use a microscope.
N-COUNT also microorganism .
= microbe

microphone

[D.J.:ˈmaikrəfəun]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪkrəˌfon]

n.

扩音器, 麦克风

microphone **

microphone microphones
A microphone is a device that is used to make sounds louder or to record them on a tape recorder.
N-COUNT

microprocessor

[D.J.:ˈmaɪkrəʊˌprɔsesə]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪkroˌprɑsɛsɚ]

n.

<计>微(信息)处理机

microprocessor

microprocessor microprocessors
In a computer, the microprocessor is the main microchip, which controls its most important functions.
N-COUNT

microscope

[D.J.:ˈmaikrəskəup]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪkrəˌskop]

n.

显微镜

microscope *

1. microscope microscopes
A microscope is a scientific instrument which makes very small objects look bigger so that more detail can be seen.
N-COUNT

2. microscope
If you say that something is under the microscope , you mean that it is being studied very closely, usually because it is believed that something is wrong with it.

- The media put their every decision under the microscope.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

microscopic

[D.J.:ˌmaɪkrəˈskɔpɪk]

[K.K.:ˌmaɪkrəˈskɑpɪk]

adj.

显微镜的,用显微镜可看见的;微小的,细微的

microscopically

显微镜下

microscopic *

1. microscopic
Microscopic objects are extremely small, and usually can be seen only through a microscope.

- ...microscopic fibres of protein.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. microscopically

- No living organisms, large or microscopically small, inhabited it.

ADV: ADV adj

3. microscopic
A microscopic examination is done using a microscope.

- Microscopic examination of a cell's chromosomes can reveal the sex of the fetus.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. microscopically

- The tissue is examined microscopically to rule out or confirm cancer.

ADV: ADV with v

5. microscopic
If you say that something is done in microscopic detail, you are emphasizing that it is done in a very thorough, detailed way.

- He carefully recounts the tale, the microscopic details of those crucial minutes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n emphasis

microscopic

adjective

tiny

imperceptible

infinitesimal

invisible

minuscule

minute

negligible

microsecond

[D.J.:ˈmaikrəusekənd]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪkroˌsɛkənd]

n.

一百万分之一秒,微秒

microsecond

microsecond microseconds
A microsecond is one millionth of a second.
N-COUNT

microsurgery

[D.J.:ˈmaikrəuˈsə:dʒəri]

[K.K.:ˌmaɪkroˈsɚdʒəri]

n.

显微外科

microsurgery

microsurgery
Microsurgery is a form of surgery where doctors repair or remove parts of the body that are so small that they can only be seen clearly using a microscope.
N-UNCOUNT

microwave

[D.J.:ˈmaɪkrəˌweɪv, -krəʊ-]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪkrəˌwev, -kro-]

n.

<无>微波

microwave **

1. microwave microwaves
A microwave or a microwave oven is an oven which cooks food very quickly by electromagnetic radiation rather than by heat.
N-COUNT

2. microwave microwaves microwaving microwaved
To microwave food or drink means to cook or heat it in a microwave oven.

- Steam or microwave the vegetables until tender.

- ...microwaved food.

VB

mid-

[mid-]

pref.

表示“中,中部”之义

mid-

mid-
Mid- is used to form nouns or adjectives that refer to the middle part of a particular period of time, or the middle point of a particular place.

- ...the mid-eighteenth century...

- Davis is in her mid-thirties.

- ...the mid-west of America.

PREFIX

mid-air

mid-air
If something happens in mid-air , it happens in the air, rather than on the ground.

- The bird stopped and hovered in mid-air.

- ...a mid-air collision.

N-UNCOUNT

midday

[D.J.:ˈmiddei]

[K.K.:ˈmɪdˌde]

n.

中午; 正午

midday *

1. midday
Midday is twelve o'clock in the middle of the day.

- At midday everyone would go down to Reg's Cafe.

- It's eight minutes after midday.

N-UNCOUNT: oft prep N

2. midday
Midday is the middle part of the day, from late morning to early afternoon.

- People were beginning to tire in the midday heat.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

midday

noun

noon

noonday

twelve o'clock

middle

[D.J.:ˈmidl]

[K.K.:ˈmɪdl]

n.

中部, 中间

adj.

中部的; 中间的

middle *****

1. middle middles
The middle of something is the part of it that is furthest from its edges, ends, or outside surface.

- Howard stood in the middle of the room sipping a cup of coffee.

- Hyde accelerated away from the kerb, swerving out into the middle of the street.

- I was in the middle of the back row.

- Father told her to make sure the roast potatoes weren't raw in the middle.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing, oft N of n
= centre

the middle of nowhere : see nowhere .

2. middle
The middle object in a row of objects is the one that has an equal number of objects on each side.

- The middle button of his uniform jacket was strained over his belly.

- Around the middle finger of her left hand, she wore a gold ring.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. middle middles
Your middle is the part of your body around your stomach. (INFORMAL)

- At age fifty-three, he now has a few extra pounds around his middle.

- The cook's apron covered her middle.

N-COUNT: usu poss N
= midriff

4. middle
The middle of an event or period of time is the part that comes after the first part and before the last part.

- I woke up in the middle of the night and could hear a tapping on the window.

- It was now the middle of November, cold and often foggy.

- By the middle of 1979, Jimmy Carter was in serious political trouble.

- She was born in the middle of a rain storm.

N-SING: the N of n

5. middle
Also an adjective.

- The month began and ended quite dry, but the middle fortnight saw nearly 100mm of rain fall nationwide.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. middle
If someone is in their middle thirties, for example, they are aged somewhere approximately between thirty-four and thirty-six.

- She knew he was in his middle fifties, although he looked much younger.

- I went on competing till I was in my middle forties.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. middle
The middle child in a family has equal numbers of younger and older brothers and sisters.

- His middle son died in a drowning accident five years back.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. middle
The middle course or way is a moderate course of action that lies between two opposite and extreme courses.

- He favoured a middle course between free enterprise and state intervention.

- The Mayor of Jerusalem has tried to minimise conflict by maintaining a middle way between the various religions.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ extreme

9. middle
If you divide or split something down the middle , you divide or split it into two equal halves or groups.

- After agreeing to split the bill down the middle, they ordered spaghetti and a bottle of red wine.

- If the conservatives are not removed, then the party will almost certainly split down the middle.

PHR: PHR after v
= in half

10. middle
If you are in the middle of doing something, you are busy doing it.

- It's a bit hectic. I'm in the middle of cooking for nine people.

- He was always in the middle of a business transaction.

PHR: v-link PHR -ing/n

middle

adjective

1.

central

halfway

intermediate

intervening

mean

median

medium

mid

noun

2.

centre

focus

halfway point

heart

midpoint

midsection

midst

middle age *

middle age
Middle age is the period in your life when you are no longer young but have not yet become old. Middle age is usually considered to take place between the ages of 40 and 60.

- Men tend to put on weight in middle age.

N-UNCOUNT also middle-age .

middle-aged

[ˈmidlˈeidʒd]

adj.

中年的,具有中年人特点的

middle-aged **

1. middle-aged
If you describe someone as middle-aged , you mean that they are neither young nor old. People between the ages of 40 and 60 are usually considered to be middle-aged.

- His sisters are grown up and his parents are middle-aged.

- ...middle-aged, married businessmen.

ADJ

2. middle-aged
The middle-aged are people who are middle-aged.

- ...the perfect holiday for the middle-aged.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. middle-aged
If you describe someone's activities or interests as middle-aged , you are critical of them because you think they are typical of a middle-aged person, for example by being conventional or old-fashioned.

- Her novels are middle-aged and boring.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

Middle Ages *

Middle Ages
In European history, the Middle Ages was the period between the end of the Roman Empire in 476 AD and about 1500 AD, especially the later part of this period.
N-PLURAL: the N

Middle America

1. Middle America
Journalists use Middle America to refer to middle class people in America who are believed not to like change.

- That was a time when Middle America's anti-Communist fears and feelings were running especially high.

N-UNCOUNT

2. Middle America
Middle America is the same as the Midwest .
N-PROPER

3. Middle America
Middle America is used to refer to the area consisting of Mexico and Central America, sometimes including the West Indies.
N-PROPER

middlebrow

[D.J.:ˈmid(ə)lbrau]

[K.K.:ˈmɪdlˌbraʊ]

n.

中庸,智能学识平凡的人

adj.

极普通的

middlebrow

middlebrow
If you describe a piece of entertainment such as a book or film as middlebrow , you mean that although it may be interesting and enjoyable, it does not require much thought.

- ...such middlebrow fare as Poirot, Sherlock Holmes and Jeeves and Wooster.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also middle-brow .

middle class ***

1. middle class middle classes
The middle class or middle classes are the people in a society who are not working class or upper class. Business people, managers, doctors, lawyers, and teachers are usually regarded as middle class.

- ...the expansion of the middle class in the late 19th century...

- The President may have secured some support from the middle classes, despite the continued opposition she faces from the radical left.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu the N

2. middle class
Also an adjective.

- He is rapidly losing the support of blue-collar voters and of middle-class conservatives.

- All the best revolutionaries have been middle class.

ADJ

3. middle class
People sometimes describe attitudes as middle class when they think that they are typical of middle class people, for example because they are very conventional or attach too much importance to possessions.

- ...a very middle-class upbringing.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= bourgeois

middle distance

1. middle distance
If you are looking into the middle distance , you are looking at a place that is neither near nor far away.

- He stares detachedly into the middle distance, towards nothing in particular.

N-SING: the N, usu into/in the N

2. middle distance
A middle-distance runner is someone who takes part in races of medium length, for example 800 metres.
ADJ: ADJ n

Middle East ****

Middle East
The Middle East is the area around the eastern Mediterranean that includes Iran and all the countries in Asia to the west and south-west of Iran.

- The two great rivers of the Middle East rise in the mountains of Turkey.

N-PROPER: the N

Middle Eastern *

Middle Eastern
Middle Eastern means relating to the Middle East.

- Most Middle Eastern countries have extremely high rates of population growth.

- The US economy depends on Middle Eastern oil.

ADJ: ADJ n

Middle England

Middle England
Journalists use Middle England to refer to middle class people in England who are believed not to like change.

- This shows that the people of Middle England no longer trust the Tories.

N-UNCOUNT

middleman

[D.J.:ˈmid(ə)lmæn]

[K.K.:ˈmɪdlˌmæn]

n.

中间人

middleman *

1. middleman middlemen
A middleman is a person or company which buys things from the people who produce them and sells them to the people who want to buy them.

- Why don't they cut out the middleman and let us do it ourselves?

N-COUNT

2. middleman middlemen
A middleman is a person who helps in negotiations between people who are unwilling to meet each other directly.

- The two sides would only meet indirectly, through middlemen.

N-COUNT
= go-between

middle name

1. middle name middle names
Your middle name is the name that comes between your first name and your surname.

- His middle name is Justin.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

2. middle name middle names
You can use middle name in expressions such as ` discretion was her middle name ' and ` his middle name is loyalty ' to indicate that someone always behaves with a great deal of a particular quality. (HUMOROUS)

- Geniality is my middle name. I rarely write a fierce word about any restaurant.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

middle-of-the-road

n.

中间道路

middle-of-the-road

1. middle-of-the-road
If you describe someone's opinions or policies as middle-of-the-road , you mean that they are neither left-wing nor right-wing, and not at all extreme.

- Consensus need not be weak, nor need it result in middle-of-the-road policies.

- ...the Archbishop, who is middle-of-the-road in politics.

ADJ-GRADED
= moderate

2. middle-of-the-road
If you describe something or someone as middle-of-the-road , you mean that they are ordinary or unexciting.

- I actually don't want to be a middle-of-the-road person, married with a mortgage.

ADJ-GRADED

3. middle-of-the-road
Middle-of-the-road music is pop music which a large number of people like because it is pleasant and does not sound extreme or unusual. The abbreviation MOR is also used.

- I like cheerful, uplifting middle-of-the-road pop.

ADJ

middle-ranking

middle-ranking
A middle-ranking person has a fairly important or responsible position in a particular organization, but is not one of the most important people in it.

- ...middle-ranking army officers.

ADJ: ADJ n

middle school

1. middle school middle schools
In the United States, a middle school is a school for children in the fifth to eighth grades, between the ages of 10 and 13 or 14.

- ...Harlem Park Middle School...

- They recall the good buddies they used to have in middle school.

N-VAR: oft in names after n

2. middle school middle schools
In Britain, a middle school is a state school that children go to between the ages of 8 or 9 and 12 or 13.
N-VAR: oft in names after n

Middle West

Middle West
The Middle West is the central part of the United States.

- ...wheat farmers in the Middle West.

N-PROPER: the N
= Midwest

middling

[D.J.:ˈmɪdlɪŋ, -lɪn]

[K.K.:ˈmɪdlɪŋ, -lɪn]

adj.

中等的,普通的

middlingly

adv.

中等地,普通地

middling

middling
If you describe a quality such as the size of something as middling , you mean that it is average.

- The Beatles enjoyed only middling success until 1963.

- ...a man of middling height.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= average

middling

adjective

1.

mediocre

indifferent

run-of-the-mill

so-so informal

tolerable

unexceptional

unremarkable

2.

moderate

adequate

all right

average

fair

medium

modest

O.K. or okay informal

ordinary

passable

serviceable

midge

[D.J.:midʒ]

[K.K.:mɪdʒ]

n.

蚊,侏儒

midge

midge midges
Midges are very small insects which fly in groups.
N-COUNT

midget

[D.J.:ˈmɪdʒɪt]

[K.K.:ˈmɪdʒɪt]

n.

侏儒,小矮人

adj.

极小的,微型的

midget

1. midget midgets
People who are very short are sometimes referred to as midgets . (OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT

2. midget
Midget is used to describe something which is very small.

- ...midget submarines.

ADJ: ADJ n

midget

noun

dwarf

pygmy or pigmy

shrimp informal

Tom Thumb

Midlands **

Midlands
The Midlands is the region or area in the central part of a country, in particular the central part of England.

- ...an engineering company in the Midlands.

N-PROPER-COLL: the N

midlife crisis

midlife crisis midlife crises
A midlife crisis is a period of doubt and anxiety that some people experience in middle age, when they think about whether their life is the kind of life that they want.

- I went through my midlife crisis about four or five years ago, when I was forty.

N-COUNT: usu sing

midnight

[D.J.:ˈmidnait]

[K.K.:ˈmɪdˌnaɪt]

n.

午夜

midnight ***

1. midnight
Midnight is twelve o'clock in the middle of the night.

- It was well after midnight by the time Anne returned to her apartment.

- The entrance gates were locked at midnight.

N-UNCOUNT: usu prep N

2. midnight
Midnight is used to describe something which happens or appears at midnight or in the middle of the night.

- It is totally out of the question to postpone the midnight deadline.

- Well we did have a midnight feast, me and my sister.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. midnight
If someone is burning the midnight oil , they are staying up very late in order to study or do some other work.

- Chris is asleep after burning the midnight oil trying to finish his article.

PHR: V inflects

midnight

noun

twelve o'clock

dead of night

middle of the night

the witching hour

midnight blue

midnight blue
Something that is midnight blue is a very dark blue colour, almost black.

- The sea was a deep midnight blue.

COLOUR

midpoint

[D.J.:ˈmidˌpɔint]

[K.K.:ˈmɪdˌpɔɪnt]

n.

中点,正中央

midpoint

1. midpoint
The midpoint between two things is the point that is the same distance from both things.

- ...the midpoint between Paris and Warsaw.

- ...the midpoint of the front of your house.

N-SING: oft N between/of n also mid-point .

2. midpoint
The midpoint of an event is the time halfway between the beginning and the end of it.

- She has not yet reached the midpoint of her life.

- ...the midpoint in the current fiscal year.

N-SING: oft N of n also mid-point .
= middle

mid-range

mid-range
You can use mid-range to describe products or services which are neither the most expensive nor the cheapest of their type.

- ...comfortable mid-range accommodation.

- ...the price of a mid-range family car.

ADJ: ADJ n

midriff

[D.J.:ˈmidrif]

[K.K.:ˈmɪdrɪf]

n.

膈,中腹部

midriff

midriff midriffs
Someone's midriff is the middle part of their body, between their waist and their chest.

- ...the girl with the bare midriff.

N-COUNT: usu sing

midsized

midsized
You use midsized or midsize to describe products, cities, companies, and other things that are neither large nor small.

- ...a low-cost midsized car.

- ...a relatively small university in a mid-size city.

ADJ: ADJ n The spelling mid-sized and the form midsize are also used.
= medium-sized

midst

[D.J.:midst]

[K.K.:mɪdst, mɪtst]

n.

中部, 中间, 当中

midst **

1. midst
If you are in the midst of doing something, you are doing it at the moment.

- Congress is in the midst of rewriting the nation's banking laws.

- We are in the midst of one of the worst recessions for many, many years.

PHR-PREP: usu v-link PREP -ing/n
= in the middle of

2. midst
If something happens in the midst of an event, it happens during it.

- Eleanor arrived in the midst of a blizzard.

PHR-PREP
= during

3. midst
If someone or something is in the midst of a group of people or things, they are among them or surrounded by them.

- Many were surprised to see him exposed like this in the midst of a large crowd.

- Angelo laid the gun carefully on the table, in the midst of brochures and other papers.

PHR-PREP
= amid

4. midst
You say that someone is in your midst when you are drawing attention to the fact that they are in your group. (FORMAL)

- We're lucky to have such a man in our midst.

PHR: v-link PHR

midst

noun

in the midst of

among

amidst

during

in the middle of

in the thick of

surrounded by

midstream

[D.J.:ˈmidˈstri:m]

[K.K.:ˈmɪdˌstrim]

n.

河流正中,中流

midstream

1. midstream
Someone or something that is in midstream is in the middle of a river, where the current is strongest.

- Their boat had capsized in midstream.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N also mid-stream .

2. midstream
Also an adverb.

- Some of them got caught midstream by the tide.

ADV: usu ADV after v, also n ADV also mid-stream .

3. midstream
If someone who has been doing something such as talking stops or pauses in midstream , they stop doing it, often before continuing.

- I was cut off in midstream.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N also mid-stream .

4. midstream
Also an adverb.

- The most difficult thing in a fast game of rugby is to change course midstream.

ADV: ADV after v also mid-stream .

midsummer

[D.J.:ˈmɪdˈsʌmə]

[K.K.:ˈmɪdˈsʌmɚ]

n.

仲夏

夏至

midsummer *

midsummer
Midsummer is the period in the middle of the summer.

- In midsummer every town is impossibly crowded.

- It was a lovely midsummer morning.

N-UNCOUNT

Midsummer's Day

Midsummer's Day
Midsummer's Day or Midsummer Day is the 24th of June.
N-PROPER

midway

[D.J.:ˈmɪdˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈmɪdˌwe]

adv.

在(时间的)中途;在两地之间

midway *

1. midway
If something is midway between two places, it is between them and the same distance from each of them.

- The studio is midway between his aunt's old home and his cottage.

ADV: ADV prep also mid-way .
= halfway

2. midway
Also an adjective.

- The vineyard is close to the midway point between Gloucester, Hereford and Worcester.

ADJ: ADJ n also mid-way .
= halfway

3. midway
If something happens midway through a period of time, it happens during the middle part of it.

- He crashed midway through the race.

- He returned midway through the afternoon.

ADV: ADV after v, usu ADV through n also mid-way .

4. midway
Also an adjective.

- They were denied an obvious penalty before the midway point of the first half.

ADJ: ADJ n also mid-way .

midway

adverb

halfway

betwixt and between

in the middle

midweek

[D.J.:ˈmɪdˌwi:k]

[K.K.:ˈmɪdˌwik]

adj. & n.

一周的中间几天(指星期二,星期四,尤指星期三)(的),周中(的)

midweek *

1. midweek
Midweek describes something that happens in the middle of the week.

- The package includes midweek flights from Gatwick.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. midweek
Also an adverb.

- They'll be able to go up to London midweek.

- By midweek officials were speaking hopefully of a `compromise'.

ADV: ADV after v, prep ADV

Midwest

[D.J.:mɪdˈwest]

[K.K.:mɪdˈwɛst]

n.

中西部

Midwest *

Midwest
The Midwest is the region in the north of the central part of the United States.

- ...farmers in the Midwest.

- ...the Midwest states.

N-PROPER: usu the N

Midwestern

[ˈmidˈwestən]

美国中西部的,有中西部的特性的

Midwestern

Midwestern
Midwestern means belonging or relating to the Midwest.

- ...the midwestern plains.

- ...traditional Midwestern values.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

midwife

[D.J.:ˈmɪdˌwaɪf]

[K.K.:ˈmɪdˌwaɪf]

n.

接生婆, 助产士

midwife *

midwife midwives
A midwife is a nurse who is trained to deliver babies and to advise pregnant women.
N-COUNT

midwifery

[D.J.:mɪdˈwɪfəri:, ˈmɪdˌwaɪfri:, -ˌwaɪfəri:]

[K.K.:mɪdˈwɪfəri, ˈmɪdˌwaɪfri, -ˌwaɪfəri]

n.

助产术

促成

midwifery

midwifery
Midwifery is the work of delivering babies and advising pregnant women.
N-UNCOUNT

midwinter

[D.J.:midˈwintə]

[K.K.:ˈmɪdˈwɪntɚ]

n.

仲冬,冬至

midwinter

midwinter
Midwinter is the period in the middle of winter.

- ...the bleak midwinter.

- ...the cold midwinter weather.

N-UNCOUNT also mid-winter .

mien

[D.J.:mi:n]

[K.K.:min]

n.

仪表,神态,风采,样子

mien

mien
Someone's mien is their general appearance and manner, especially the expression on their face, which shows what they are feeling or thinking. (LITERARY)

- It was impossible to tell from his mien whether he was offended.

- ...his mild manner and aristocratic mien.

N-SING: usu poss N

miffed

n.

稍有点恼火;有点生气

miffed

miffed
If you are miffed , you are slightly annoyed and hurt because of something which someone has said or done to you. (INFORMAL)

- I was a bit miffed about that.

- Philip was pretty miffed at being cut out of his father's will.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

might

[D.J.:mait]

[K.K.:maɪt]

aux v.

表示许可

表示可能

表示询问情况

用于婉转的请求或吁请

n.

力气, 力量, 威力, 权力

might 1 modal uses *****

( Might is a modal verb. It is used with the base form of a verb.)

1. might
You use might to indicate that something will possibly happen or be true in the future, but you cannot be certain.

- There's a report today that smoking might be banned totally in most buildings.

- The two countries might go to war.

- I might well regret it later.

- He said he might not be back until tonight.

MODAL vagueness
= may

2. might
You use might to indicate that there is a possibility that something is true, but you cannot be certain.

- She and Simon's father had not given up hope that he might be alive.

- You might be right.

- They haven't seen each other for five years; he might not be interested in her any more.

- ...a suit that looks as though it might contain polyester.

MODAL vagueness
= may

3. might
You use might to indicate that something could happen or be true in particular circumstances.

- America might sell more cars to the islands if they were made with the steering wheel on the right.

- ...the type of person who might appear in a fashion magazine.

MODAL vagueness
= could

4. might
You use might have with a past participle to indicate that it is possible that something happened or was true, or when giving a possible explanation for something.

- I heard what might have been an explosion.

- She thought the shooting might have been an accident.

- The equipment needed to clean up the spill might not have arrived yet.

- The letters might not have been meant for me at all.

MODAL
= may have

5. might
You use might have with a past participle to indicate that something was a possibility in the past, although it did not actually happen.

- If she had had to give up riding she might have taken up sailing competitively.

- Had the bomb dropped over a populated area of the city, there might have been a great deal of damage.

- The report might have been better written.

- I didn't give my name because if I did I thought you might not have come.

MODAL

6. might
You use might in statements where you are accepting the truth of a situation, but contrasting it with something that is more important.

- He might be a bore, but he was as quick-witted as a weasel.

- They might not have two cents to rub together, but at least they have a kind of lifestyle that is different.

MODAL
= may

7. might
You use might when you are saying emphatically that someone ought to do the thing mentioned, especially when you are annoyed because they have not done it.

- And while I'm out you might clean up the kitchen.

- You might have told me that before!

MODAL emphasis
= could

8. might
You use might to make a suggestion or to give advice in a very polite way.

- They might be wise to stop advertising on television.

- You might try the gas station down the street.

- You might want to consider cycling.

- I was just wondering if you might like to go feed the cat.

- I thought we might go for a drive on Sunday.

- It might be a good idea to tell your husband.

MODAL politeness

9. might
You use might as a polite way of interrupting someone, asking a question, making a request, or introducing what you are going to say next. (FORMAL, SPOKEN)

- Might I make a suggestion?.

- Might I ask what you're doing here?.

- Might I trouble you for a drop more tea?.

- I was wondering if I might talk to you for a moment.

- Might I draw your readers' attention to the dangers in the Government's proposal.

MODAL politeness
= could

10. might
You use might in expressions such as as you might expect and as you might imagine in order to indicate that the statement you are making is not surprising.

- `How's Jan?' she asked. --- `Bad. As you might expect.'.

- The drivers, as you might imagine, didn't care much for that.

MODAL
= would

11. might
You use might in expressions such as I might add and I might say in order to emphasize a statement that you are making.

- Relatives ring up constantly, not always for the best motives, I might add.

- It didn't come as a great surprise to me, I might say.

MODAL emphasis

12. might
You use might in expressions such as I might have known and I might have guessed to indicate that you are not surprised at a disappointing event or fact.

- I might have known I'd find you with some little slut.

- `I detest clutter, you know.' --- `I didn't know, but I might have guessed.'

MODAL
= should

might 2 noun uses *

1. might
Might is power or strength. (FORMAL)

- The might of the army could prove a decisive factor.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
= strength

2. might
If you do something with all your might , you do it using all your strength and energy.

- She swung the hammer at his head with all her might.

PHR: PHR with v

might

noun

1.

power

energy

force

strength

vigour

with might and main

2.

forcefully

lustily

manfully

mightily

vigorously

mightily

[D.J.:ˈmaitili]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪtli]

adv.

强烈地,非常地

mightily

mightily
Mightily means to a great extent or degree. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He had given a mightily impressive performance.

- She strove mightily to put Mike from her thoughts.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv, ADV after v emphasis

mightily

adverb

1.

very

decidedly

exceedingly

extremely

greatly

highly

hugely

intensely

much

2.

powerfully

energetically

forcefully

lustily

manfully

strongly

vigorously

mightn't

[D.J.:ˈmaitənt]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪtnt]

=might not

mightn't

mightn't
Mightn't is a spoken form of `might not'.

might've

might've
Might've is the usual spoken form of might have , especially when `have' is an auxiliary verb.

mighty

[D.J.:ˈmaɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪti]

adj.

强有力的,强大的

high and mighty

趾高气扬；神气活现

adv.

非常,很

mighty **

1. mighty mightier mightiest
Mighty is used to describe something that is very large or powerful. (LITERARY)

- There was a flash and a mighty bang.

- ...a land marked with vast lakes and mighty rivers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. mighty
Mighty is used in front of adjectives and adverbs to emphasize the quality that they are describing. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- It's something you'll be mighty proud of.

- Being paper money, it rotted away mighty fast.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv emphasis

mighty

adjective

powerful

forceful

lusty

robust

strapping

strong

sturdy

vigorous

migraine

[D.J.:ˈmaɪˌgreɪn]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪˌɡren]

n.

<医>偏头痛

migraine *

migraine migraines
A migraine is an extremely painful headache that makes you feel very ill.

- Her mother suffered from migraines.

N-VAR

migrant

[D.J.:ˈmaiɡrənt]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪɡrənt]

n.

移居者, 移民; 候鸟, 迁移动物

migrant **

1. migrant migrants
A migrant is a person who moves from one place to another, especially in order to find work.

- The government divides asylum-seekers into economic migrants and genuine refugees.

- ...migrant workers following harvests northward.

N-COUNT

2. migrant migrants
Migrants are birds, fish, or animals that migrate from one part of the world to another.

- Migrant birds shelter in the reeds.

N-COUNT: oft N n

migrant

noun

1.

wanderer

drifter

emigrant

immigrant

itinerant

nomad

rover

traveller

adjective

2.

travelling

drifting

immigrant

itinerant

migratory

nomadic

roving

shifting

transient

vagrant

wandering

migrate

[D.J.:maiˈɡreit]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪˌɡret]

vi.

迁移; 移往

migrating

迁移

migration

[D.J.:maɪˈgreɪʃən]

[K.K.:maɪˈɡreʃən]

n.

迁移, 移居

migrate **

1. migrate migrates migrating migrated
If people migrate , they move from one place to another, especially in order to find work or to live somewhere for a short time.

- People migrate to cities like Jakarta in search of work.

- Farmers have learned that they have to migrate if they want to survive.

VB

2. migration migrations

- ...the migration of Soviet Jews to Israel.

N-VAR

3. migrate migrates migrating migrated
When birds, fish, or animals migrate , they move at a particular season from one part of the world or from one part of a country to another, usually in order to breed or to find new feeding grounds.

- Most birds have to fly long distances to migrate.

- ...a dam system that kills the fish as they migrate from streams to the ocean.

VB

4. migration

- ...the migration of animals in the Serengeti.

N-VAR

migrate

verb

move

emigrate

journey

roam

rove

travel

trek

voyage

wander

migration

noun

wandering

emigration

journey

movement

roving

travel

trek

voyage

migratory

[D.J.:ˈmaɪgrəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪɡrəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

迁移的;有迁居习惯(或特色)的

流浪的

<医>游走性的

migratory

1. migratory
A migratory bird, fish, or animal is one that migrates every year.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. migratory
Migratory means relating to the migration of people, birds, fish, or animals.

- ...migratory farm labour.

ADJ: ADJ n

migratory

adjective

nomadic

itinerant

migrant

peripatetic

roving

transient

mike

[D.J.:maɪk]

[K.K.:maɪk]

vt.

给…安装麦克风

n.

(=microphone)<口>话筒; 送话器, 微音器

mike *

mike mikes
A mike is the same as a microphone . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

mild

[D.J.:maild]

[K.K.:maɪld]

adj.

温柔的, 温和的, 和善的

轻微的, 不严重的

温暖的, 暖和的

mildly

[D.J.:ˈmaɪldlɪ]

adv.

和善地,温和地

轻微地

put it mildly

说得委婉些；说得好听一点

mild ***

1. mild milder mildest
Mild is used to describe something such as a feeling, attitude, or illness that is not very strong or severe.

- Teddy turned to Mona with a look of mild confusion.

- Anna put up a mild protest.

- If you have only mild symptoms, try an over-the-counter treatment.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= slight ≠ great

2. mildly

- I'm only mildly surprised.

- Josephine must have had the disease very mildly as she showed no symptoms.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/adv, also ADV after v

3. mild milder mildest
A mild person is gentle and does not get angry easily.

- He is a mild man, who is reasonable almost to the point of blandness.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ aggressive

4. mildly

- `I'm not meddling,' Kenworthy said mildly, `I'm just curious.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

5. mild milder mildest
Mild weather is pleasant because it is neither extremely hot nor extremely cold.

- The area is famous for its very mild winter climate.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ cold

6. mild milder mildest
You describe food as mild when it does not taste or smell strong, sharp, or bitter, especially when you like it because of this.

- This cheese has a soft, mild flavour.

- ...a mild curry powder.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ strong

7. mild milder mildest
Mild soap or washing-up liquid feels pleasant on your skin and does not contain any substances that might make your skin sore.

- Wash your face thoroughly with a mild soap and warm water.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ harsh

8. mild
Mild is a clear, dark-coloured beer. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

mildly

mildly
You use to put it mildly to indicate that you are describing something in language that is much less strong, direct, or critical than what you really think.

- But not all the money, to put it mildly, has been used wisely.

- To say we are disappointed about this is putting it mildly.

PHR: V inflects

mild

adjective

1.

gentle

calm

docile

easy-going

equable

meek

peaceable

placid

2.

bland

smooth

3.

calm

balmy

moderate

temperate

tranquil

warm

mildew

[D.J.:ˈmɪlˌdu:, -ˌdju:]

[K.K.:ˈmɪlˌdu, -ˌdju]

n.

霉,霉病

vt. & vi.

(使)发霉,(使)长霉

mildew

mildew
Mildew is a soft white fungus that grows in damp places.

- The room smelled of mildew.

N-UNCOUNT

mildewed

mildewed
Something that is mildewed has mildew growing on it.
ADJ

mild-mannered

adj.

温和的,温柔的

mild-mannered

mild-mannered
If you describe someone as mild-mannered , you approve of them because they are gentle, kind, and polite.
ADJ-GRADED approval
= mild

mile

[D.J.:mail]

[K.K.:maɪl]

n.

英里

mile ****

1. mile miles
A mile is a unit of distance equal to 1760 yards or approximately 1.6 kilometres.

- They drove 600 miles across the desert.

- The hurricane is moving to the west at about 18 miles per hour.

- She lives just half a mile away.

- There's a lake up there, about ten miles long.

- ...a 50-mile bike ride.

N-COUNT: num N

2. mile miles
Miles is used, especially in the expression miles away , to refer to a long distance.

- If you enrol at a gym that's miles away, you won't be visiting it as often as you should.

- I was miles and miles from anywhere.

- `Shall I come to see you?' --- `Are you kidding? It's miles.'

N-PLURAL

3. mile miles
Miles or a mile is used with the meaning `very much' in order to emphasize the difference between two things or qualities, or the difference between what you aimed to do and what you actually achieved. (INFORMAL)

- You're miles better than most of the performers we see nowadays.

- With a Labour candidate in place they won by a mile.

- The rehearsals were miles too slow and no work was getting done.

N-COUNT: usu pl emphasis
= loads

4. mile
If you say that someone is miles away , you mean that they are unaware of what is happening around them because they are thinking about something else. (INFORMAL)

- What were you thinking about? You were miles away.

PHR: v-link PHR

5. mile
If you say that someone is willing to go the extra mile , you mean that they are willing to make a special effort to do or achieve something.

- The President is determined `to go the extra mile for peace'.

PHR: V inflects

6. mile
If you say that you can see or recognize something a mile off , you are emphasizing that it is very obvious and easy to recognize. (INFORMAL)

- You can spot undercover cops a mile off.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

7. mile
If you say that someone would run a mile when faced with a particular situation, you mean that they would be very frightened or unwilling to deal with it. (INFORMAL)

- If anybody had told me when I first got married that I was going to have seven children, I would have run a mile.

- I'm very squeamish and when I see needles I run a mile.

PHR: V inflects

8. mile
If you say that something or someone sticks out a mile or stands out a mile , you are emphasizing that they are very obvious and easy to recognize. (INFORMAL)

- `How do you know he's Irish?' --- `Sticks out a mile.'.

- We stood out a mile on that first day at school.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

mileage

[D.J.:ˈmailidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪlɪdʒ]

n.

里数, 里程

运费

使用次数

mileage *

1. mileage
Mileage refers to the distance that you have travelled, measured in miles.

- While most of their mileage may be in and around town, they still want motorways for longer trips.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. mileage
The mileage of a vehicle is the number of miles that it can travel using one gallon or litre of fuel.

- They are willing to pay up to $500 more for cars that get better mileage.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

3. mileage
The mileage in a particular course of action is its usefulness in getting you what you want.

- It's obviously important to get as much mileage out of the convention as possible.

- The administration clearly decided there was no mileage in provoking a huge row with Congress.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N out of/in n/-ing

milestone

[D.J.:ˈmaɪlˌstəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪlˌston]

n.

重要事件;重要阶段;转折点;里程碑

milestone *

1. milestone milestones
A milestone is an important event in the history or development of something or someone.

- He said the launch of the party represented a milestone in Zambian history.

- Starting school is a milestone for both children and parents.

N-COUNT

2. milestone milestones
A milestone is a stone by the side of a road showing the distances to particular places.
N-COUNT

milieu

[D.J.:mɪlˈjʊ, mi:ˈljɜ:]

[K.K.:mɪlˈjʊ, miˈljə..]

n.

<法>(周围)环境

milieu *

milieu milieux or milieus
Your milieu is the group of people or activities that you live among or are familiar with. (FORMAL)

- They stayed, safe and happy, within their own social milieu.

- His natural milieu is that of the arts.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= setting

milieu

noun

surroundings

background

element

environment

locale

location

scene

setting

militancy

[ˈmilitnsi]

n.

战斗性,交战状态

militant

[D.J.:ˈmilitənt]

[K.K.:ˈmɪlɪtənt]

adj.

激进的, 好战的

n.

激进分子, 好斗分子

militant ***

1. militant
You use militant to describe people who believe in something very strongly and are active in trying to bring about political or social change, often in extreme ways that other people find unacceptable.

- Militant mineworkers in the Ukraine have voted for a one-day stoppage next month.

- ...one of the most active militant groups.

ADJ-GRADED

2. militant militants
Also a noun.

- According to the authorities, the militants were planning a series of terrorist acts.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. militancy

- ...the rise of trade union militancy.

N-UNCOUNT

4. militantly

- Their army is militantly nationalist.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

militant

adjective

aggressive

active

assertive

combative

vigorous

militarism

[D.J.:ˈmilitərizəm]

[K.K.:ˈmɪlɪtəˌrɪzəm]

n.

职业军人的精神,军国主义

militarism

militarism
Militarism is a country's desire to strengthen their armed forces in order to make themselves more powerful.

- The country slipped into a dangerous mixture of nationalism and militarism.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

militarist

[ˈmilitərist]

n.

军国主义者,军事家

militarist

1. militarist militarists
If you describe someone as a militarist , you mean that they want their country's armed forces to be strengthened in order to make it more powerful.

- They became overheated nationalists, militarists, and they were out to conquer.

N-COUNT: oft N n disapproval

2. militarist
Militarist means the same as militaristic .

- ...militarist policies.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

militaristic

[ˌmilitˈristik]

adj.

军国主义的

militaristic

militaristic
Militaristic is used to describe groups, ideas, or policies which support the strengthening of the armed forces of their country in order to make it more powerful.

- ...aggressive militaristic governments.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

militarized

1. militarized
A militarized area or region has members of the armed forces and military equipment in it.

- ...the militarized zone that separates the faction leaders' areas of control.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also militarised

2. militarized
You can use militarized to show disapproval of something that has many military characteristics, for example the quality of being aggressive or strict.

- ...a militarized and confrontationist style of politics.

ADJ-GRADED (BRIT) also militarised disapproval

militarily

[ˈmilitrili,ˌmiliˈteərili]

adv.

以武力,以军事行动

military

[D.J.:ˈmilitəri]

[K.K.:ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri]

adj.

军事的, 军用的; 军人的

n.

军人; 军队, 武装力量

military *****

1. military
Military means relating to the armed forces of a country.

- Military action may become necessary.

- The president is sending in almost 20,000 military personnel to help with the relief efforts.

- ...last year's military coup.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. militarily

- They remain unwilling to intervene militarily in what could be an unending war.

- While that option would incur fewer casualties, it would not be militarily effective.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. military
Military means relating to or belonging to the army, rather than to the navy or the air force.

- The attack has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces.

ADJ: ADJ n
= army

4. military militaries
The military are the armed forces of a country, especially officers of high rank.

- The bombing has been far more widespread than the military will admit.

- Did you serve in the military?

N-COUNT-COLL: usu sing, the N
= forces

5. military
Military means well-organized, controlled, or neat, in a way that is typical of a soldier.

- Your working day will need to be organized with military precision.

- He has a military bearing, never failing to carry himself erect.

ADJ-GRADED

military

adjective

1.

warlike

armed

martial

soldierly

noun

2.

armed forces

army

forces

services

military police *

1. military police
The military police are the part of an army, navy, or air force that act as its police force.

- The government has said it will reform the military police.

N-SING-COLL

2. military police
Military police are men and women who are members of the part of an army, navy, or air force that act as its police force.

- The camp is surrounded by razor-wire fences and guarded by military police.

N-PLURAL

military policeman

military policeman military policemen
A military policeman is a member of the military police.
N-COUNT

military service *

military service
Military service is a period of service in the armed forces that every man in certain countries has to do.

- Many conscripts resent having to do their military service.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

militate

[D.J.:ˈmiliteit]

[K.K.:ˈmɪlɪˌtet]

vi.

产生作用或影响

militate

militate militates militating militated
To militate against something means to make it less possible or likely. To militate against someone means to prevent them from achieving something. (FORMAL)

- Her background militates against her.

- We can never promise to sail anywhere in particular, because the weather might militate against it.

VB

militate

verb

militate against

counteract

be detrimental to

conflict with

counter

oppose

resist

tell against

weigh against

militia

[D.J.:məˈlɪʃə]

[K.K.:məˈlɪʃə]

n.

民兵组织, 民兵

militia **

militia militias
A militia is an organization that operates like an army but whose members are not professional soldiers.

- The troops will not attempt to disarm the warring militias.

N-COUNT

militiaman

[D.J.:məˈlɪʃəmən]

[K.K.:məˈlɪʃəmən]

n.

民兵组织,全体民兵,(只在紧急情况下才召集的)国民军

militiaman *

militiaman militiamen
A militiaman is a member of a militia.
N-COUNT

milk

[D.J.:milk]

[K.K.:mɪlk]

n.

乳; 牛奶

vt. & vi.

产奶; 挤奶

vt.

榨取, 勒索

milking

[ˈmilkiŋ]

n.

挤奶,一次的挤奶量

milk ***

1. milk
Milk is the white liquid produced by cows, goats, and some other animals, which people drink and use to make butter, cheese, and yoghurt.

- He popped out to buy a pint of milk.

- ...basic foods such as meat, bread and milk.

- ...empty milk bottles.

N-UNCOUNT

2. milk milks milking milked
If someone milks a cow or goat, they get milk from it, using either their hands or a machine.

- Farm-workers milked cows by hand.

VB

3. milking

- ...an automatic milking machine...

- The evening milking is usually done at about 7.30pm.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

4. milk
Milk is the white liquid produced by women to feed their babies.

- Milk from the mother's breast is a perfect food for the human baby.

N-UNCOUNT
= breast milk

5. milk milks
Liquid products for cleaning your skin or making it softer are sometimes referred to as milks .

- Sales of cleansing milks, creams and gels have doubled over the past decade.

N-MASS
= lotion

6. milk milks milking milked
If you say that someone milks something, you mean that they get as much benefit or profit as they can from it, without caring about the effects this has on other people.

- A few people tried to milk the insurance companies.

- The callous couple milked money from a hospital charity to fund a lavish lifestyle.

VB disapproval

7. milk
If you think that someone's suggestions or ideas are weak or sentimental, you can say that they are milk and water . (mainly BRIT)

- Fryer dismisses the report as `milk and water'.

PHR disapproval

milk

verb

exploit

extract

pump

take advantage of

milk chocolate

milk chocolate
Milk chocolate is chocolate that has been made with milk. It is lighter in colour and has a creamier taste than plain chocolate.
N-UNCOUNT

milk float

milk float milk floats
A milk float is a small electric van with a roof and no sides which is used to deliver milk to people's houses. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

milkmaid

[D.J.:ˈmilkmeid]

[K.K.:ˈmɪlkˌmed]

n.

挤奶的妇女,在酪农场工作的女性

milkmaid

milkmaid milkmaids
In former times, a milkmaid was a woman who milked cows and made butter and cheese on a farm.
N-COUNT

milkman

[D.J.:ˈmɪlkˌmæn]

[K.K.:ˈmɪlkˌmæn]

n.

送牛奶的人

milkman

milkman milkmen
A milkman is a person who delivers milk to people's homes.
N-COUNT

milk product

milk product milk products
Milk products are foods made from milk, for example butter, cheese, and yoghurt.

- Milk products are an excellent source of calcium and protein.

N-COUNT: usu pl

milk round

1. milk round milk rounds
If someone has a milk round , they work as a milkman, going from house to house delivering milk. (BRIT)

- Milk rounds are threatened as customers switch to buying from supermarkets.

N-COUNT

2. milk round
The milk round is an event that happens once a year when people from large companies visit colleges and universities and interview students who are interested in working for them. (BRIT)

- He obtained his first job through the milk round.

N-SING: the N

milkshake

[D.J.:ˈmɪlkʃeɪk]

n.

奶昔(将牛奶或冰淇淋,以及水果或巧克力味的香料混合或搅拌至起泡的饮料)

milkshake

milkshake milkshakes
A milkshake is a cold drink made by mixing milk with a flavouring or fruit, and sometimes ice cream.

- ...a strawberry milkshake.

N-COUNT also milk shake .

milk tooth

milk tooth milk teeth
Your milk teeth are the first teeth that grow in your mouth, which later fall out and are replaced by a second set.
N-COUNT: usu pl

milk white

milk white
You can use milk white to describe things that are a milky white colour. (LITERARY)

- Mist was rising, and trees and shrubs began to disappear in a milk-white haze.

COLOUR

milky

[D.J.:ˈmɪlki:]

[K.K.:ˈmɪlki]

adj.

牛奶的, 像牛奶的;掺奶的

milky *

1. milky
If you describe something as milky , you mean that it is pale white in colour. You can describe other colours as milky when they are very pale.

- A milky mist filled the valley.

- ...the distant view of mountain ranges, white against a milky blue sky.

ADJ

2. milky milkier milkiest
Drinks or food that are milky contain a lot of milk.

- ...a large bowl of milky coffee.

ADJ-GRADED

Milky Way *

Milky Way
The Milky Way is the pale strip of light consisting of many stars that you can see stretched across the sky at night.
N-PROPER: the N

mill

[D.J.:mil]

[K.K.:mɪl]

n.

磨坊; 磨粉机

作坊, 工厂

milled

[mild]

adj.

碾碎的,碾磨过的;粉碎的;铣过的

milling

[D.J.:ˈmiliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmɪlɪŋ]

n.

磨,制粉,轧齿边

mill ***

1. mill mills
A mill is a building in which grain is crushed to make flour.
N-COUNT

2. mill mills
A mill is a small device used for grinding something such as coffee beans or pepper into powder.

- ...a pepper mill.

N-COUNT: supp N
= grinder

3. mill mills
A mill is a factory used for making and processing materials such as steel, wool, or cotton.

- ...a steel mill.

- ...a textile mill.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

4. mill mills milling milled
To mill something such as wheat or pepper means to grind it in a mill.

- They mill 1000 tonnes of flour a day in every Australian state.

- ...freshly milled black pepper.

VB

milling

milling
The people in a milling crowd move around within a particular place or area, so that the movement of the whole crowd looks very confused.

- As they moved purposefully through the milling crowd, they spotted Billy Ford against a wall.

ADJ: ADJ n

mill

noun

1.

factory

foundry

plant

works

2.

grinder

crusher

verb

3.

grind

crush

grate

pound

powder

4.

swarm

crowd

throng

mill around ***

mill around mills around; milling around; milled around
When a crowd of people mill around or mill about , they move around within a particular place or area, so that the movement of the whole crowd looks very confused.

- Quite a few people were milling about, but nothing was happening.

- Dozens of people milled around Charing Cross Road and Denmark Street.

PHR-V (BRIT) also mill about

millennia

[D.J.:mɪˈlenɪə]

[K.K.:mɪˈl ɛnɪə]

millennium

[D.J.:məˈleni:əm]

[K.K.:məˈlɛniəm]

n.

一千年,千年期;千禧年,全人类未来的幸福时代,太平盛世

millennium

1. millennium millenniums or millennia
A millennium is a period of one thousand years, especially one which begins and ends with a year ending in `000', for example the period from the year 1000 to the year 2000. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. millennium
Many people refer to the year 2000 as the Millennium .

- ...the eve of the Millennium.

- ...the cost of Millennium celebrations and festivals.

N-SING: usu the N, N n

miller

[D.J.:ˈmɪlə]

[K.K.:ˈmɪlɚ]

n.

(尤指面粉厂的)厂主,磨房主

碾磨工,铣工

miller *

miller millers
A miller is a person who owns or operates a mill in which grain is crushed to make flour.
N-COUNT

millet

[D.J.:ˈmɪlɪt]

[K.K.:ˈmɪlɪt]

n.

黍,小米

millet cake

小米饼

millet gruel

小米粥

millet *

millet millets
Millet is a cereal crop that is grown for its seeds or for hay.
N-MASS

milli-

[ˈmili]

pref.

表示“千分之一,毫”之义

milli-

milli-
Milli- is added to some nouns that refer to units of measurement in order to form other nouns referring to units a thousand times smaller.

- ...a small current, around 5 milliamps.

PREFIX

milligram

[D.J.:ˈmɪlɪˌgræm]

[K.K.:ˈmɪlɪˌɡræm]

n.

毫克(千分之一克)

milligram *

milligram milligrams
A milligram is a unit of weight that is equal to a thousandth of a gramme.

- ...0.5 milligrams of mercury.

N-COUNT: num N, oft N of n (BRIT) also milligramme

millilitre

[D.J.:ˈmɪləˌli:tə]

[K.K.:ˈmɪləˌlitɚ]

n.

千分之一升,毫升(0.002品脱)

millilitre

millilitre millilitres
A millilitre is a unit of volume for liquids and gases that is equal to a thousandth of a litre.

- ...100 millilitres of blood.

N-COUNT: num N, oft N of n (AM) milliliter

millimetre

[ˈmili-ˌmi:tə]

n.

毫米

millimetre *

millimetre millimetres
A millimetre is a metric unit of length that is equal to a tenth of a centimetre or a thousandth of a metre.

- ...a tiny little transparent pill, about 20 millimetres long.

N-COUNT: num N, oft N of n (AM) millimeter

milliner

[D.J.:ˈmilinə]

[K.K.:ˈmɪlənɚ]

n.

女帽制造及贩卖商

milliner

milliner milliners
A milliner is a person whose job is making or selling women's hats.
N-COUNT

millinery

[D.J.:ˈmɪləˌneri:]

[K.K.:ˈmɪləˌnɛri]

n.

女帽类

女帽制造(贩卖)业

millinery

millinery
Millinery is used to refer to women's hats. (FORMAL)

- ...her aunt's modest millinery shop.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

million

[D.J.:ˈmiljən]

[K.K.:ˈmɪljən]

n.

百万

million *****

1. million
A million or one million is the number 1,000,000.

- Up to five million people a year visit the county.

- Profits for 1999 topped £100 million.

NUM The plural form is million after a number, or after a word or expression referring to a number, such as `several' or `a few'

2. million
If you talk about millions of people or things, you mean that there is a very large number of them but you do not know or do not want to say exactly how many.

- The programme was viewed on television in millions of homes.

QUANT-PL: QUANT of pl-n The plural form is million after a number, or after a word or expression referring to a number, such as `several' or `a few'

3. million
You can also use millions as a pronoun.

- This wretched war has brought misery to millions.

PRON The plural form is million after a number, or after a word or expression referring to a number, such as `several' or `a few'

millionaire

[D.J.:ˌmiljəˈnɛə]

[K.K.:ˌmɪljəˈnɛr]

n.

百万富翁, 大富翁

大财主, 有钱人

millionaire **

millionaire millionaires
A millionaire is a very rich person who has money or property worth at least a million pounds or dollars.

- By the time he died, he was a millionaire.

N-COUNT

millionairess

[ˌmiljəˈneəris]

n.

女百万富翁,百万富翁的妻子

millionairess

millionairess millionairesses
A millionairess is a woman who has money or property worth at least a million pounds or dollars.
N-COUNT

millionth

[D.J.:ˈmiljənθ]

[K.K.:ˈmɪljənθ]

n.

第一百万,百万分之一

millionth ****

1. millionth
The millionth item in a series is the one you count as number one million.

- Last year the millionth truck rolled off the assembly line.

ORD

2. millionth
A millionth of something is one of a million equal parts of it.

- The bomb must explode within less than a millionth of a second.

FRACTION

millipede

[D.J.:ˈmiləpi:d]

[K.K.:ˈmɪləˌpid]

n.

马陆, 千足虫

millipede

millipede millipedes
A millipede is a small creature with a long narrow body and a lot of legs.
N-COUNT

millisecond

[D.J.:ˈmiliˌsekənd]

[K.K.:ˌmɪlɪˈsɛkənd]

n.

毫秒

millisecond

millisecond milliseconds
A millisecond is a unit of time equal to one thousandth of a second.
N-COUNT

millstone

[D.J.:ˈmilstəun]

[K.K.:ˈmɪlˌston]

n.

磨,磨石,粉碎器,重担

millstone

1. millstone millstones
A millstone is a large, flat, round stone which is one of a pair of stones used to grind grain into flour.
N-COUNT

2. millstone
If you describe something as a millstone or a millstone around your neck , you mean that it is a very unpleasant problem or responsibility that you cannot escape from.

- For today's politicians, the treaty is becoming a millstone.

- That contract proved to be a millstone around his neck.

PHR: usu v-link PHR disapproval

millstone

noun

1.

grindstone

quernstone

2.

burden

affliction

albatross

encumbrance

load

weight

mime

[D.J.:maɪm]

[K.K.:maɪm]

n.

指手画脚, 做手势

哑剧

哑剧演员

vt. & vi.

指手画脚地表演;用哑剧的形式表演

mime *

1. mime mimes
Mime is the use of movements and gestures in order to express something or tell a story without using speech.

- Music, mime and strong visual imagery play a strong part in the productions.

- Pupils presented a mime and puppet show.

- ...a mime artist.

N-VAR

2. mime mimes miming mimed
If you mime something, you describe or express it using mime rather than speech.

- It featured a solo dance in which a woman in a short overall mimed a lot of dainty housework.

- I remember asking her to mime getting up in the morning.

VB

3. mime mimes miming mimed
If you mime , you pretend to be singing or playing an instrument, although the music is in fact coming from a record or cassette.

- Richey's not miming, he's playing very quiet guitar.

- In concerts, the group mime their songs.

- The waiters mime to records playing on the jukebox.

VB

mime

verb

act out

gesture

represent

simulate

mimetic

[D.J.:miˈmetik]

[K.K.:mɪˈmɛtɪk, maɪ-]

adj.

模仿的

mimetic

mimetic
Mimetic movements or activities are ones in which you imitate something. (FORMAL)

- Both realism and naturalism are mimetic systems or practices of representation.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

mimic

[D.J.:ˈmɪmɪk]

[K.K.:ˈmɪmɪk]

n.

模仿名人言行的娱乐演员, 滑稽剧演员

善于模仿的人或物

vt.

(尤指为了逗乐而)模仿

酷似

adj.

模拟的

假的, 伪装的

mimic *

1. mimic mimics mimicking mimicked
If you mimic the actions or voice of a person or animal, you imitate them, usually in a way that is meant to be amusing or entertaining.

- He could mimic anybody, and he often reduced Isabel to helpless laughter.

- He mimicked her upper-class accent.

VB
= imitate

2. mimic mimics mimicking mimicked
If someone or something mimics another person or thing, they try to be like them.

- Don't try to mimic anybody. You have to be yourself if you are going to do your best.

- The computer doesn't mimic human thought; it reaches the same ends by different means.

VB
= imitate

3. mimic mimics
A mimic is a person who is able to mimic people or animals.
N-COUNT
= impressionist impersonator

mimic

verb

1.

imitate

ape

caricature

do informal

impersonate

parody

take off informal

noun

2.

imitator

caricaturist

copycat informal

impersonator

impressionist

mimicry

[D.J.:ˈmɪmɪkri:]

[K.K.:ˈmɪmɪkri]

n.

模仿;模仿的技巧

mimicry

mimicry
Mimicry is the action of mimicking someone or something.

- One of his few strengths was his skill at mimicry.

N-UNCOUNT

mimicry

noun

imitation

burlesque

caricature

impersonation

mimicking

mockery

parody

take-off informal

min.

小的,迷你的

min. **

min.
Min. is a written abbreviation for minimum , or for minutes or minute .

minaret

[D.J.:ˌmɪnəˈret]

[K.K.:ˌmɪnəˈrɛt]

n.

(清真寺旁由报告祈祷时刻的人使用的)光塔

minaret

minaret minarets
A minaret is a tall thin tower which is part of a mosque.
N-COUNT

mince

[D.J.:mɪns]

[K.K.:mɪns]

vt.

切碎, 剁碎, 绞碎

vi.

碎步走, 不自然地走, 扭扭捏捏地走

not mince your words

说话不隐讳；直言不讳

n.

肉末

mincing

[D.J.:ˈminsiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmɪnsɪŋ]

adj.

装腔作势的

v.

切碎

mince *

1. mince
Mince is meat which has been cut into very small pieces using a machine. (mainly BRIT; in AM use ground beef or hamburger meat )

- Brown the mince in a frying pan.

N-UNCOUNT
= mincemeat

2. mince minces mincing minced
If you mince food such as meat, you put it into a machine which cuts it into very small pieces. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use grind )

- Perhaps I'll buy lean meat and mince it myself.

- ...minced beef.

VB

3. mince minces mincing minced
If you say that someone, especially a homosexual man, minces somewhere, you mean that they walk there with quick small steps.

- They minced in, in beach costumes and make-up.

VB disapproval

4. mince
If you say that someone does not mince their words , you mean that they speak in a forceful and direct way, especially when saying something unpleasant to someone.

- The doctors didn't mince their words, and predicted the worst.

- Never one to mince words, Carlie told her daughter that her looks were fading.

PHR: V inflects, with brd-neg

mince

verb

1.

cut

chop

crumble

grind

hash

mince one's words

2.

tone down

moderate

soften

spare

weaken

mincing

adjective

affected

camp informal

dainty

effeminate

foppish

precious

pretentious

sissy

mincemeat

[D.J.:ˈminsˌmi:t]

[K.K.:ˈmɪnsˌmit]

n.

苹果等切碎混拌碎肉的东西,甜馅

mincemeat

1. mincemeat
Mincemeat is a sticky mixture of small pieces of dried fruit. It is usually cooked in pastry to make mince pies.
N-UNCOUNT

2. mincemeat
Mincemeat is the same as mince . (mainly BRIT; in AM use ground beef or hamburger meat )
N-UNCOUNT
= mince

3. mincemeat
If you make mincemeat of someone or make mincemeat out of them , you defeat them completely in an argument, fight, or competition.

- I can imagine a defence lawyer making mincemeat of him if we ever put him up in court.

PHR: V inflects

mince pie

mince pie mince pies
Mince pies are small pies containing a sticky mixture of small pieces of dried fruit. Mince pies are usually eaten at Christmas.
N-COUNT

mincer

[D.J.:ˈmɪnsə]

[K.K.:ˈmɪnsɚ]

n.

切碎机，绞肉机

mincer

mincer mincers
A mincer is a machine which cuts meat into very small pieces by forcing it through very small holes. (BRIT; in AM use meat grinder )
N-COUNT

mind

[D.J.:maind]

[K.K.:maɪnd]

n.

想法, 感觉, 思维(方法)

思维能力, 才智, 理智

记忆(力)

注意; 考虑

意图, 意向

理智(与感情相对而言); 精神(与肉体、物质世界等相对而言)

vt. & vi.

留心; 注意

照顾, 照管

介意; 在乎; 反对

服从, 听从

vt.

专心于

minded

[D.J.:ˈmaindid]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪndɪd]

adj.

有…思想的

mind 1 noun uses *****

1. mind minds
You refer to someone's mind when talking about their thoughts. For example, if you say that something is in your mind , you mean that you are thinking about it, and if you say that something is at the back of your mind , you mean that you are aware of it, although you are not thinking about it very much.

- I'm trying to clear my mind of all this.

- There was no doubt in his mind that the man was serious.

- I put what happened during that game to the back of my mind.

- He spent the next hour going over the trial in his mind.

- She found herself thinking thoughts that would never have entered her mind until now.

N-COUNT: with poss
= head

2. mind minds
Your mind is your ability to think and reason.

- You have a good mind.

- Studying stretched my mind and got me thinking about things.

- ...an excellent training for the young mind.

N-COUNT: supp N
= intellect

3. mind minds
If you have a particular type of mind , you have a particular way of thinking which is part of your character, or a result of your education or professional training.

- Andrew, you have a very suspicious mind.

- The key to his success is his logical mind.

- ...an American writer who has researched the criminal mind.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp
= mentality

4. mind minds
You can refer to someone as a particular kind of mind as a way of saying that they are clever, intelligent, or imaginative.

- She moved to London, meeting some of the best minds of her time.

N-COUNT: with supp
= thinker

5. mind
If you tell someone to bear something in mind or to keep something in mind , you are reminding or warning them about something important which they should remember.

- Bear in mind that petrol stations are scarce in the more remote areas.

- I should not be surprised about some of her comments, bearing in mind the party she belongs to.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR that, PHR n
= remember

6. mind
If something brings another thing to mind or calls another thing to mind , it makes you think of that other thing, usually because it is similar in some way.

- That brings to mind a wonderful poem by Riokin.

- The fate of many British designers calls to mind the fable of the tortoise and the hare.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR n
= be reminiscent of

7. mind
If you cast your mind back to a time in the past, you think about what happened then.

- Cast your mind back to 1978, when Forest won the title.

PHR: V and N inflect, oft PHR to n

8. mind
If you close your mind to something, you deliberately do not think about it or pay attention to it.

- She has closed her mind to last year's traumas.

PHR: V and N inflect, usu PHR to n

9. mind
If you change your mind , or if someone or something changes your mind , you change a decision you have made or an opinion that you had.

- I was going to vote for him, but I changed my mind and voted for Reagan.

- She's very young. She might change her mind about what she wants to do.

- It would be impossible to change his mind.

PHR: V and N inflect

10. mind
If something comes to mind or springs to mind , you think of it without making any effort.

- Integrity and honesty are words that spring to mind when talking of the man.

PHR: V inflects

11. mind
If you say that an idea or possibility never crossed your mind , you mean that you did not think of it.

- It had never crossed his mind that there might be a problem.

- The possibility of failure did cross my mind.

PHR: V and N inflect, oft with brd-neg, oft it PHR that
= occur to you

12. mind
If you see something in your mind's eye , you imagine it and have a clear picture of it in your mind.

- In his mind's eye, he can imagine the effect he's having.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR with cl

13. mind
If you have a mind to do something, you want, intend, or choose to do it.

- The captain of the guard looked as if he had a mind to challenge them.

- They could interpret it that way if they'd a mind to.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR inf

14. mind
If you say that you have a good mind to do something or have half a mind to do it, you are threatening or announcing that you have a strong desire to do it, although you probably will not do it.

- He raged on about how he had a good mind to resign.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR inf

15. mind
If you ask someone what they have in mind , you want to know in more detail about an idea or wish they have.

- `Maybe we could celebrate tonight.' --- `What did you have in mind?'

PHR: V inflects
= be thinking of

16. mind
If you have it in mind to do something, you intend or want to do it.

- Collins Harvill had it in mind to publish a short volume about Pasternak.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR inf

17. mind
If you do something with a particular thing in mind , you do it with that thing as your aim or as the reason or basis for your action.

- These families need support. With this in mind a group of 35 specialists met last weekend.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR with cl

18. mind
If you say that something such as an illness is all in the mind , you mean that it relates to someone's feelings or attitude, rather than having any physical cause.

- It could be a virus, or it could be all in the mind.

PHR: v-link PHR

19. mind
If you know your own mind , you are sure about your opinions, and are not easily influenced by other people.
PHR: V and N inflect

20. mind
If you say that someone is losing their mind , you mean that they are becoming mad.

- Sometimes I feel I'm losing my mind.

PHR: V and N inflect

21. mind
If you make up your mind or make your mind up , you decide which of a number of possible things you will have or do.

- Once he made up his mind to do something, there was no stopping him.

- He simply can't make his mind up.

- She said her mind was made up.

PHR: V and N inflect, oft PHR to-inf
= decide

22. mind
You can use the expression mind over matter to describe situations in which a person seems to be able to control events, physical objects, or the condition of their own body using their mind.

- Good health is simply a case of mind over matter.

PHR: oft n prep PHR

23. mind
If a number of people are of one mind , of like mind , or of the same mind , they all agree about something.

- Contact with other disabled yachtsmen of like mind would be helpful.

- The food companies are not of one mind about these new regulations.

PHR: v-link PHR

24. mind
If you say that something that happens is a load off your mind or a weight off your mind , you mean that it causes you to stop worrying, for example because it solves a problem that you had.
PHR: mind inflects, v-link PHR
= relief

25. mind
If something is on your mind , you are worried or concerned about it and think about it a lot.

- This game has been on my mind all week.

- I just forgot. I've had a lot on my mind.

PHR: N inflects, v-link PHR, PHR after v

26. mind
If your mind is on something or you have your mind on something, you are thinking about that thing.

- At school I was always in trouble -- my mind was never on my work.

PHR: V and N inflect, PHR n/-ing

27. mind
If you have an open mind , you avoid forming an opinion or making a decision until you know all the facts.

- It's hard to see it any other way, though I'm trying to keep an open mind.

PHR: N inflects, PHR after v

28. mind
If something opens your mind to new ideas or experiences, it makes you more willing to accept them or try them.

- She also stimulated his curiosity and opened his mind to other cultures.

PHR: V and N inflect, usu PHR to n

29. mind
If you say that someone is out of their mind , you mean that they are mad or very foolish. (INFORMAL)

- What are you doing? Are you out of your mind?

PHR: N inflects, v-link PHR disapproval
= crazy

30. mind
If you say that someone is out of their mind with a feeling such as worry or fear, you are emphasizing that they are extremely worried or afraid. (INFORMAL)
PHR: N inflects, v-link PHR, usu PHR with n emphasis

31. mind
If you say that someone is, for example, bored out of their mind , scared out of their mind , or stoned out of their mind , you are emphasizing that they are extremely bored, scared, or affected by drugs. (INFORMAL)
PHR: N inflects, v-link PHR emphasis

32. mind
If you put your mind to something, you start making an effort to do it.

- You could do fine in the world if you put your mind to it.

PHR: V and N inflect, PHR n

33. mind
If something puts you in mind of something else, it reminds you of it because it is similar to it or is associated with it.

- This put me in mind of something Patrick said many years ago.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= remind

34. mind
If you can read someone's mind , you know what they are thinking without them saying anything.

- Don't expect others to read your mind.

PHR: V and N inflect

35. mind
To put someone's mind at rest or set their mind at rest means to stop them worrying about something.

- It may be advisable to have a blood test to put your mind at rest.

- She could set your mind at rest by giving you the facts.

PHR: V and N inflect
= reassure

36. mind
If you say that nobody in their right mind would do a particular thing, you are emphasizing that it is an irrational thing to do and you would be surprised if anyone did it.

- No one in her right mind would make such a major purchase without asking questions.

PHR: with brd-neg, n PHR emphasis

37. mind
If you set your mind on something or have your mind set on it, you are determined to do it or obtain it.

- When my wife sets her mind on something, she invariably finds a way to achieve it.

PHR: V and N inflect, PHR n

38. mind
If something slips your mind , you forget it.

- I was going to mention it, but it slipped my mind.

PHR: V and N inflect

39. mind
If you speak your mind , you say firmly and honestly what you think about a situation, even if this may offend or upset people.

- Martina Navratilova has never been afraid to speak her mind.

PHR: V and N inflect

40. mind
If something sticks in your mind , it remains firmly in your memory.

- I've always been fond of poetry and one piece has always stuck in my mind.

PHR: V and N inflect

41. mind
If something takes your mind off a problem or unpleasant situation, it helps you to forget about it for a while.

- `How about a game of tennis?' suggested Alan. `That'll take your mind off things.'

PHR: V and N inflect, PHR n

42. mind
You say or write to my mind to indicate that the statement you are making is your own opinion.

- There are scenes in this play which to my mind are incredibly violent.

PHR: PHR with cl

43. mind
If you are in two minds , you are uncertain about what to do, especially when you have to choose between two courses of action. The expression of two minds is also used, especially in American English.

- Like many parents, I am in two minds about school uniforms.

- Roche was in two minds whether to make the trip to Oslo.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft PHR about n, PHR whether
= unsure

mind 2 verb uses ***

1. mind minds minding minded
If you do not mind something, you are not annoyed or bothered by it.

- I don't mind the noise during the day.

- Do you mind being alone?.

- I hope you don't mind me calling in like this, without an appointment.

- It involved a little extra work, but nobody seemed to mind.

VB: usu with brd-neg
= object to

2. mind minds minding minded
You use mind in the expressions ` do you mind? ' and ` would you mind? ' as a polite way of asking permission or asking someone to do something.

- Do you mind if I ask you one more thing?.

- You don't mind if they take a look round, do you?.

- Would you mind waiting outside for a moment?.

- `Would you like me to read that for you?' --- `If you wouldn't mind, please.'

VB politeness

3. mind minds minding minded
If someone does not mind what happens or what something is like, they do not have a strong preference for any particular thing.

- I don't mind what we play, really.

- I want to play for a top club and I don't mind where it is.

- They don't mind what you do.

VB: with brd-neg

4. mind minds minding minded
If you tell someone to mind something, you are warning them to be careful not to hurt themselves or other people, or damage something. (BRIT; in AM usually use watch )

- Mind that bike!

VB: usu imper
= watch

5. mind minds minding minded
You use mind when you are reminding someone to do something or telling them to be careful not to do something. (BRIT; in AM usually use make sure or take care )

- Mind you don't burn those sausages.

VB: only imper
= make sure

6. mind minds minding minded
If you mind a child or something such as a shop or luggage, you look after it, usually while the person who owns it or is usually responsible for it is somewhere else. (BRIT; in AM usually use take care of or watch )

- Jim Coulters will mind the store while I'm away.

VB
= keep an eye on

7. mind
If you are offered something or offered a choice and you say ` I don't mind ', you are saying politely that you will be happy with any of the things offered. (BRIT)

- `Which one of these do you want?' --- `I don't mind.'

CONVENTION formulae
= I'm not bothered

8. mind
You can say ` I don't mind if I do ' as a way of accepting something that someone has offered you, especially food or drink. (OLD-FASHIONED)
CONVENTION formulae

9. mind
You say ` Don't mind me ' to apologize for your presence when you think that it might embarrass someone, and to tell them to carry on with what they were doing or about to do.
CONVENTION

10. mind
You use don't mind in expressions such as don't mind him or don't mind them to apologize for someone else's behaviour when you think it might have offended the person you are speaking to.

- Don't mind the old lady. She's getting senile.

PHR: PHR n

11. mind
Some people say ` Mind how you go ' when they are saying goodbye to someone who is leaving. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
CONVENTION formulae
= take care

12. mind
People use the expression if you don't mind when they are rejecting an offer or saying that they do not want to do something, especially when they are annoyed.

- `Sit down.' --- `I prefer standing for a while, if you don't mind.'.

- If you don't mind, we won't talk about it any more.

PHR: PHR with cl feelings

13. mind
You use mind you to emphasize a piece of information that you are adding, especially when the new information explains what you have said or contrasts with it. Some people use mind in a similar way.

- They pay full rates. Mind you, they can afford it.

- I got substantial damages. It took two years, mind you.

- You need a bit of cold water in there to make it comfortable. Not too cold, mind.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

14. mind
If you tell someone, especially a child, to mind their language , mind their tongue , or mind their manners , you are telling them to speak or behave properly and politely.
PHR
= watch

15. mind
You say never mind when you are emphasizing that something is not serious or important, especially when someone is upset about it or is saying sorry to you.
CONVENTION emphasis

16. mind
You use never mind to tell someone that they need not do something or worry about something, because it is not important or because you will do it yourself.

- `I'll go up in one second, I promise.' --- `Never mind,' I said with a sigh. `I'll do it.'.

- `Was his name David?' --- `No I don't think it was, but never mind, go on.'.

- Dorothy, come on. Never mind your shoes. They'll soon dry off.

- `Fewter didn't seem to think so.' --- `Never mind what Fewter said.'

PHR: oft PHR n/wh

17. mind
You use never mind after a statement, often a negative one, to indicate that the statement is even more true of the person, thing, or situation that you are going to mention next.

- I'm not going to believe it myself, never mind convince anyone else.

- Many of the potholes are a danger even to motor vehicles, never mind cyclists.

PHR-CONJ-COORD emphasis
= let alone

18. mind
You use never you mind to tell someone not to ask about something because it is not their concern or they should not know about it. (SPOKEN)

- `Where is it?' --- `Never you mind.'

CONVENTION

19. mind
You can say ` I don't mind telling you ' to emphasize the statement you are making.

- I don't mind telling you I was absolutely terrified.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

20. mind
If you say that you wouldn't mind something, you mean that you would quite like it.

- I wouldn't mind a coffee.

- Anne wouldn't mind going to Italy or France to live.

PHR: PHR n/-ing
= fancy

minded

minded
If someone is minded to do something, they want or intend to do it. (FORMAL)

- The Home Office said at that time that it was minded to reject his application for political asylum.

- If the Americans were so minded then they could take sanctions against them.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, ADJ to-inf, so ADJ
= inclined

mind

noun

1.

intelligence

brain(s) informal

grey matter informal

intellect

reason

sense

understanding

wits

2.

memory

recollection

remembrance

3.

intention

desire

disposition

fancy

inclination

leaning

notion

urge

wish

4.

sanity

judgment

marbles informal

mental balance

rationality

reason

senses

wits

make up one's mind

5.

decide

choose

determine

resolve

verb

6.

take offence

be affronted

be bothered

care

disapprove

dislike

object

resent

7.

pay attention

heed

listen to

mark

note

obey

observe

pay heed to

take heed

8.

guard

attend to

keep an eye on

look after

take care of

tend

watch

9.

be careful

be cautious

be on (one's) guard

be wary

take care

watch

mind-altering

mind-altering
A mind-altering drug is one that produces mood changes in the person who has taken it.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

mind-bending

[D.J.:ˈmaɪndˌbendɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪndˌbɛndɪŋ]

adj.

〈非正〉离奇古怪令人费解的

mind-bending

1. mind-bending
If you describe something as mind-bending , you mean that it is difficult to understand or think about.

- ...mind-bending debates about the nature of life.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. mind-bending
Mind-bending means the same as mind-altering .

- One 15-year-old who took the drug, said: `It was frightening and has put me off taking mind-bending drugs.'

ADJ: usu ADJ n

mind-blowing

[D.J.:ˈmaɪndˌbləʊɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪndˌbloɪŋ]

adj.

引起幻觉的,使兴奋的

mind-blowing

mind-blowing
If you describe something as mind-blowing , you mean that it is extremely impressive or surprising. (INFORMAL)

- ...a mind-blowing array of treatments...

- It must have been mind-blowing.

ADJ-GRADED also mind blowing .
= incredible

mind-boggling

[D.J.:ˈmaɪndˌbɔglɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪndˌbɑɡlɪŋ]

adj.

令人难以置信的

mind-boggling

mind-boggling
If you say that something is mind-boggling , you mean that it is so large, complicated, or extreme that it is very hard to imagine. (INFORMAL)

- The amount of paperwork involved is mind-boggling.

ADJ-GRADED also mind boggling .
= incredible

-minded

1. -minded
-minded combines with adjectives to form words that describe someone's character, attitude, opinions, or intelligence.

- These are evil-minded people.

- He is famous for his tough-minded professionalism.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

2. -minded
-minded combines with adverbs to form adjectives that indicate that someone is interested in a particular subject or is able to think in a particular way.

- I am not an academically-minded person.

- He was not mechanically-minded.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

3. -minded
-minded combines with nouns to form adjectives that indicate that someone thinks a particular thing is important or cares a lot about it.

- He is seen as more business-minded than his predecessor.

- We weren't career-minded like girls are today.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED
= -oriented

minder

[ˈmaində]

n.

看守者,照顾者

minder *

1. minder minders
A minder is a person whose job is to protect someone, especially someone famous. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= bodyguard

2. minder minders
A minder is the same as a childminder . (BRIT)
N-COUNT

mindful

[D.J.:ˈmaɪndfəl]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪndfəl]

adj.

注意的,留神的,不忘的

mindfully

adv.

注意地,留神地,不忘地

mindfulness

n.

注意,留神,不忘

mindful *

mindful
If you are mindful of something, you think about it and consider it when taking action. (FORMAL)

- We must be mindful of the consequences of selfishness.

- Mindful of the needs of its students, Cardiff has invested heavily in providing new and improved residences.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ of n
= conscious

mindful

adjective

aware

alert

alive to

careful

conscious

heedful

wary

watchful

mindless

[D.J.:ˈmaɪndlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪndlɪs]

adj.

没有思维能力的,愚笨的,无知的

不注意的,不顾…的

mindlessness

n.

没有思维能力,愚笨,无知;不注意

mindless *

1. mindless
If you describe a violent action as mindless , you mean that it is done without thought and will achieve nothing. (mainly BRIT)

- ...a plot that mixes blackmail, extortion and mindless violence.

ADJ: usu ADJ n disapproval
= senseless

2. mindless
If you describe a person or group as mindless , you mean that they are stupid or do not think about what they are doing.

- She wasn't at all the mindless little wife so many people perceived her to be.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

3. mindlessly

- I was annoyed with myself for having so quickly and mindlessly lost thirty dollars.

ADV: ADV with v

4. mindless
If you describe an activity as mindless , you mean that it is so dull that people do it or take part in it without thinking.

- ...the mindless repetitiveness of some tasks.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= tedious

5. mindlessly

- I spent many hours in it mindlessly banging a tennis ball against the wall.

ADV: ADV with v

mindless

adjective

stupid

foolish

idiotic

inane

moronic

thoughtless

unthinking

witless

mind-numbing

1. mind-numbing
If you describe an event or experience as mind-numbing , you mean that it is so bad, boring, or great in extent that you are unable to think about it clearly.

- It was another day of mind-numbing tedium.

ADJ-GRADED

2. mind-numbingly

- ...a mind-numbingly boring sport.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj

mind-set

n.

思想的形式

mind-set

mind-set mind-sets
If you refer to someone's mind-set , you mean their general attitudes and the way they typically think about things.

- The greatest challenge for the Americans is understanding the mindset of Eastern Europeans.

- The modern athlete's mind-set is, `I'm going to make as much as I can now and not worry about the future.'

N-COUNT: oft with poss, adj N also mindset .
= attitude

mine

[D.J.:main]

[K.K.:maɪn]

pron.

(I的所有格)我的(东西)

n.

矿, 矿井

地雷; 水雷

vt. & vi.

在…中开采, 开采

vt.

在…中[下]布雷

以地雷[水雷]炸毁

mining

[D.J.:ˈmaɪnɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪnɪŋ]

n.

采矿(业)

mine 1 pronoun use *****

mine
Mine is the first person singular possessive pronoun. A speaker or writer uses mine to refer to something that belongs or relates to himself or herself.

- Her right hand is inches from mine.

- That wasn't his fault, it was mine.

- I'm looking for a friend of mine who lives here.

PRON-POSS: oft n of PRON

mine 2 noun and verb uses **

1. mine mines
A mine is a place where deep holes and tunnels are dug under the ground in order to obtain a mineral such as coal, diamonds, or gold.

- ...coal mines.

N-COUNT: oft n N

2. mine mines mining mined
When a mineral such as coal, diamonds, or gold is mined , it is obtained from the ground by digging deep holes and tunnels.

- The pit is being shut down because it no longer has enough coal that can be mined economically.

- ...the finest gems, mined from all corners of the world.

VB: usu passive

3. mine mines
A mine is a bomb which is hidden in the ground or in water and which explodes when people or things touch it.
N-COUNT

4. mine mines mining mined
If an area of land or water is mined , mines are placed there which will explode when people or things touch them.

- The approaches to the garrison have been heavily mined.

VB

5. mine
If you say that someone is a mine of information , you mean that they know a great deal about something.
PHR: mine inflects, usu v-link PHR

mining **

mining
Mining is the industry and activities connected with getting valuable or useful minerals from the ground, for example coal, diamonds, or gold.

- ...traditional industries such as coal mining and steel making...

- He was born at Aberdare in South Wales, the son of a mining engineer.

N-UNCOUNT

mine

noun

1.

pit

colliery

deposit

excavation

shaft

2.

source

abundance

fund

hoard

reserve

stock

store

supply

treasury

wealth

verb

3.

dig up

dig for

excavate

extract

hew

quarry

unearth

minefield

[D.J.:ˈmaɪnˌfi:ld]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪnˌfild]

n.

布雷区;充满隐伏危险的事物

minefield *

1. minefield minefields
A minefield is an area of land or water where explosive mines have been hidden.
N-COUNT

2. minefield minefields
If you describe a situation as a minefield , you are emphasizing that there are a lot of hidden dangers or problems, and where people need to behave with care because things could easily go wrong.

- The whole subject is a political minefield.

- The kitchen is a minefield of potential hazards.

N-COUNT: oft adj N, N of n emphasis

miner

[D.J.:ˈmaɪnə]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪnɚ]

n.

矿工

miner ***

miner miners
A miner is a person who works underground in mines in order to obtain minerals such as coal, diamonds, or gold.
N-COUNT

miner

noun

coalminer

collier Brit.

pitman Brit.

mineral

[D.J.:ˈminərəl]

[K.K.:ˈmɪnərəl]

n.

矿物; 矿石; 矿物质

minerals

矿产;矿产品

mineral **

mineral minerals
A mineral is a substance such as tin, salt, or sulphur that is formed naturally in rocks and in the earth. Minerals are also found in small quantities in food and drink.
N-COUNT

mineral water *

mineral water mineral waters
Mineral water is water that comes out of the ground naturally and is considered healthy to drink.
N-MASS

minestrone

[D.J.:ˌmi:neiˈstrəunei]

[K.K.:ˌmɪnɪˈstroni]

n.

(加蔬菜、大麦、通心粉等煮成的)蔬菜通心粉汤

minestrone

minestrone
Minestrone soup is a type of soup made from meat stock that contains small pieces of vegetable and pasta.
N-UNCOUNT

minesweeper

[D.J.:ˈmaɪnˌswi:pə]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪnˌswipɚ]

n.

扫雷舰

minesweeper

minesweeper minesweepers
A minesweeper is a ship that is used to clear away explosive mines in the sea.
N-COUNT also mine sweeper .

mingle

[D.J.:ˈmiŋɡl]

[K.K.:ˈmɪŋɡəl]

vt. & vi.

混合, 混入

vi.

混进, 与…交往[联系]

mingle *

1. mingle mingles mingling mingled
If things such as sounds, smells, or feelings mingle , they become mixed together but are usually still recognizable.

- Now the cheers and applause mingled in a single sustained roar.

- Foreboding mingled with his excitement.

V-RECIP

2. mingle mingles mingling mingled
At a party, if you mingle with the other people there, you move around and talk to them.

- Go out of your way to mingle with others at the wedding.

- Guests ate and mingled.

- Alison mingled for a while and then went to where Douglas stood with John.

V-RECIP
= mix

mingle

verb

1.

mix

blend

combine

intermingle

interweave

join

merge

unite

2.

associate

consort

fraternize

hang about or around

hobnob

rub shoulders informal

socialize

mini

[D.J.:ˈmɪni:]

[K.K.:ˈmɪni]

n.

袖珍型的东西

微型汽车;微型电脑;迷你短裙

adj.

袖珍的;微型的

(裙)超短的

mini

mini minis
A mini is the same as a mini-skirt .
N-COUNT

mini-

[ˈmini]

pref.

表示“小型,迷你”之义

mini-

mini-
Mini- is used before nouns to form nouns which refer to something which is a smaller version of something else.

- Provisions may be purchased from the mini-market.

- We were playing mini-golf.

PREFIX

miniature

[D.J.:ˈminiətʃə]

[K.K.:ˈmɪniəˌtʃʊr, -tʃɚ, ˈmɪnə-]

adj.

小型的, 微小的

n.

微型复制品, 微小模型

微型画, 微型人像画

miniature **

1. miniature
Miniature is used to describe something which is very small, especially a smaller version of something which is normally much bigger.

- Rosehill Farm has been selling miniature roses since 1979.

- He looked like a miniature version of his handsome and elegant big brother.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. miniature
If you describe one thing as another thing in miniature , you mean that it is much smaller in size or scale than the other thing, but is otherwise exactly the same.

- Ecuador provides a perfect introduction to South America; it's a continent in miniature.

- If it can be done full-size, I can do it in miniature.

PHR: usu n PHR, PHR after v

3. miniature miniatures
A miniature is a very small detailed painting, often of a person.
N-COUNT

4. miniature miniatures
A miniature is a very small bottle of strong alcohol such as whisky or brandy, and usually contains enough for one or two drinks.
N-COUNT

miniature

adjective

small

diminutive

little

minuscule

minute

scaled-down

tiny

toy

miniaturization

n.

小型化

miniaturize

[D.J.:ˈminiətʃəraiz]

[K.K.:ˈmɪniətʃəˌraɪz, ˈmɪnə-]

vt.

使小型化

miniaturize

1. miniaturize miniaturizes miniaturizing miniaturized
If you miniaturize something such as a machine, you produce a very small version of it.

- ...the problems of further miniaturizing the available technologies.

- ...miniaturized amplifiers and receivers.

VB (BRIT) also miniaturise

2. miniaturization

- ...increasing miniaturization in the computer industry.

N-UNCOUNT

minibar

[D.J.:ˈminibɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈmɪniˌbɑr]

n.

小型条信号(发生器)

minibar

minibar minibars
In a hotel room, a minibar is a small fridge containing alcoholic drinks.
N-COUNT

minibus

[D.J.:ˈminibʌs]

[K.K.:ˈmɪniˌbʌs]

n.

小型公共汽车

minibus *

minibus minibuses
A minibus is a large van which has seats in the back for passengers, and windows along its sides.

- He was then taken by minibus to the military base.

N-COUNT: also by N also mini-bus .

minicab

[D.J.:ˈminikæb]

[K.K.:ˈmɪniˌkæb]

n.

微型出租汽车

minicab

minicab minicabs
A minicab is a taxi which you have to arrange to pick you up by telephone. (BRIT)

- If you want a cheap ride, take a minicab.

N-COUNT also mini-cab .
= taxi

minicam

[ˈminikæm]

n.

小型(电视)摄像机

minicam

minicam minicams
A minicam is a very small television camera.
N-COUNT

minim

[ˈminim]

n.

半音符,半休止符,量滴,极小之物

minim

minim minims
A minim is a musical note that has a time value equal to two crotchets or two quarter notes. (BRIT; in AM use half note )
N-COUNT
= half note

minimal

[D.J.:ˈminiməl]

[K.K.:ˈmɪnəməl]

adj.

〈正式〉最小的; 极少的

minimally

adv.

最低限度地,最低程度地

minimal **

1. minimal
Something that is minimal is very small in quantity, value, or degree.

- The co-operation between the two is minimal.

- One aim of these reforms is effective defence with minimal expenditure.

ADJ
= negligible

2. minimally

- He was paid, but only minimally.

- I was minimally successful.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

minimal

adjective

minimum

least

least possible

nominal

slightest

smallest

token

minimalism

[D.J.:ˈminiməlizm]

[K.K.:ˈmɪnəməˌlɪzəm]

n.

最低纲领,极保守行动

minimalism

minimalism
Minimalism is a style in which a small number of very simple things are used to create a particular effect.

- In her own home, she replaced austere minimalism with cosy warmth and colour.

N-UNCOUNT

minimalist

[D.J.:ˈminiməlist]

[K.K.:ˈmɪnəməlɪst]

adj.

极简抽象艺术的; 极简派音乐的

n.

极简抽象派艺术家; 极简派音乐家

minimalist *

1. minimalist minimalists
A minimalist is an artist or designer who uses minimalism.

- He was influenced by the minimalists in the 1970s.

N-COUNT

2. minimalist
Minimalist is used to describe ideas, artists, or designers that are influenced by minimalism.

- The two designers settled upon a minimalist approach.

ADJ-GRADED

minimize

[D.J.:ˈminimaiz]

[K.K.:ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz]

vt.

把…减至最低数量[程度]

对(某事物)作最低估计; 极力贬低(某事物)的价值[重要性]

minimizing

[ˈminimaiziŋ]

n.

极小化;求最小参数值

minimize **

1. minimize minimizes minimizing minimized
If you minimize a risk, problem, or unpleasant situation, you reduce it to the lowest possible level, or prevent it increasing beyond that level.

- Concerned people want to minimize the risk of developing cancer.

- Many of these problems can be minimised by sensible planning.

VB (BRIT) also minimise
= reduce ≠ maximize

2. minimize minimizes minimizing minimized
If you minimize something, you make it seem smaller or less significant than it really is.

- Some have minimized the importance of ideological factors.

- At his trial, he tried to minimize his behavior.

VB (BRIT) also minimise
= play down ≠ maximize

3. minimize minimizes minimizing minimized
If you minimize a window on a computer screen, you make it very small, because you do not want to use it.

- Click the square icon again to minimize the window.

VB (BRIT) also minimise

minimize

verb

1.

reduce

curtail

decrease

diminish

miniaturize

prune

shrink

2.

play down

belittle

decry

deprecate

discount

disparage

make light or little of

underrate

minimum

[D.J.:ˈminiməm]

[K.K.:ˈmɪnəməm]

n.

最低限度, 最小量

adj.

最低的, 最小的

minimum ***

1. minimum
You use minimum to describe an amount which is the smallest that is possible, allowed, or required.

- He was only five feet nine, the minimum height for a policeman.

- ...a rise in the minimum wage.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ maximum

2. minimum
Also a noun.

- This will take a minimum of one hour.

- Four foot should be seen as an absolute minimum.

N-SING: oft a N of amount

3. minimum
You use minimum to state how small an amount is.

- The basic needs of life are available with minimum effort.

- Neil and Chris try to spend the minimum amount of time on the garden.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. minimum
Also a noun.

- With a minimum of fuss, she produced the grandson he had so desperately wished for.

N-SING: a N of n

5. minimum
If you say that something is a particular amount minimum , you mean that this is the smallest amount it should be or could possibly be, although a larger amount is acceptable or very possible.

- You're talking over a thousand pounds minimum for one course.

ADV: amount ADV
≠ maximum

6. minimum
You use at a minimum , or at the minimum , when you want to indicate that something is the very least which could or should happen.

- This would take three months at a minimum.

- At the minimum, they must be guaranteed against any form of further attack.

PHR: amount PHR, PHR with cl, PHR after v
≠ at the maximum

7. minimum
If you say that someone keeps something to a minimum , or to the minimum , you mean that they keep the amount of it as small as possible.

- Office machinery is kept to a minimum.

- She has now cut her teaching hours to the minimum.

PHR: PHR after v

minimum

adjective

1.

least

least possible

lowest

minimal

slightest

smallest

noun

2.

least

lowest

nadir

minimum security prison

minimum security prison minimum security prisons
A minimum security prison is a prison where there are fewer restrictions on prisoners than in a normal prison. (mainly AM; in BRIT use open prison )
N-COUNT

minimum wage *

minimum wage
The minimum wage is the lowest wage that an employer is allowed to pay an employee, according to a law or agreement.
N-SING

minion

[D.J.:ˈmɪnjən]

[K.K.:ˈmɪnjən]

n.

<贬>奴颜婢膝的仆从；走狗, 奴才

宠儿, 宠臣, 宠物; 受人崇拜者, 偶象

minion

minion minions
If you refer to someone's minions , you are referring to people who have to do what that person tells them to do, especially unimportant or boring tasks. (LITERARY)

- She delegated the job to one of her minions.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu poss N disapproval
= underling

minion

noun

follower

flunky

hanger-on

henchman

hireling

lackey

underling

yes man

mini-series

mini-series
A mini-series is a drama shown on television in two or three parts, usually in one week.
N-COUNT mini-series is both the singular and the plural form

mini-skirt

mini-skirt mini-skirts
A mini-skirt is a very short skirt.
N-COUNT also miniskirt .
= mini

minister

[D.J.:ˈministə]

[K.K.:ˈmɪnɪstɚ]

n.

大臣, 部长

公使, 外交使节

牧师

vi.

辅助; 服侍

minister *****

1. minister ministers
In Britain and some other countries, a minister is a person who is in charge of a particular government department.

- When the government had come to power, he had been named minister of culture.

- The new Defence Minister is Senator Robert Ray.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, n N

2. minister ministers
A minister is a person who officially represents their government in a foreign country and has a lower rank than an ambassador.

- He concluded a deal with the Danish minister in Washington.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

3. minister ministers
A minister is a member of the clergy, especially in Protestant churches.

- His father was a Baptist minister.

N-COUNT

4. minister ministers ministering ministered
If you minister to people or to their needs, you serve them or help them, for example by making sure that they have everything they need or want. (FORMAL)

- For 44 years he had ministered to the poor, the sick, the neglected and the deprived.

VB

minister

noun

1.

clergyman

cleric

parson

pastor

preacher

priest

rector

vicar

verb

2.

attend

administer

cater to

pander to

serve

take care of

tend

ministerial

[D.J.:ˌmɪnɪˈstɪəri:əl]

[K.K.:ˌmɪnɪˈstɪriəl]

adj.

部长的,大臣的,公使的

ministerialist

n.

内阁的支持者

ministerially

adv.

部长地,大臣地,公使地

ministerialist

[ˌminiˈstiəriəlist]

n.

执政党议员

ministerially

作为部长[大臣,牧师]

ministerial **

ministerial
You use ministerial to refer to people, events, or jobs that are connected with government ministers.

- The prime minister's initial ministerial appointments haven't pleased all his supporters.

- ...the recent ministerial meeting.

ADJ: ADJ n

ministrations

ministrations
A person's ministrations are the things they do to help or care for someone in a particular situation, especially someone who is weak or ill. (LITERARY or HUMOROUS)

- ...the tender ministrations of the buxom woman who cut his hair.

N-PLURAL: usu with poss

ministry

[D.J.:ˈministri]

[K.K.:ˈmɪnɪstri]

n.

(政府的)部

ministry ****

1. ministry ministries
In Britain and some other countries, a ministry is a government department which deals with a particular thing or area of activity, for example trade, defence, or transport.

- ...the Ministry of Justice.

- ...a spokesman for the Agriculture Ministry.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, n N

2. ministry ministries
The ministry of a religious person is the work that they do that is based on or inspired by their religious beliefs.

- His ministry is among the poor.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with poss

3. ministry
Members of the clergy belonging to some branches of the Christian church are referred to as the ministry .

- So what prompted him to enter the ministry?

N-SING-COLL: the N

ministry

noun

1.

department

bureau

council

office

quango

2.

the priesthood

holy orders

the church

mink

[D.J.:mɪŋk]

[K.K.:mɪŋk]

n.

<动>水貂

水貂皮

mink *

1. mink minks
A mink is a small furry animal with highly valued fur.

- ...a proposal for a ban on the hunting of foxes, mink and hares.

N-COUNT mink can also be used as the plural form

2. mink
Mink is the fur of a mink.

- ...cashmere coats lined with mink.

- ...a mink coat.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n mink can also be used as the plural form

3. mink minks
A mink is a coat or other garment made from the fur of a mink.

- Some people like to dress up in minks and diamonds.

N-COUNT mink can also be used as the plural form

minnow

[D.J.:ˈmɪnəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈmɪno]

n.

米诺鱼(鲤科淡水小鱼)

minnow

minnow minnows
A minnow is a very small fish that lives in lakes and rivers.
N-COUNT

minor

[D.J.:ˈmainə]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪnɚ]

adj.

较小的, 较少的, 低级的, 次要的

n.

未成年人

副修科目

minor ***

1. minor
You use minor when you want to describe something that is less important, serious, or significant than other things in a group or situation.

- She is known in Italy for a number of minor roles in films.

- Western officials say the problem is minor, and should be quickly overcome.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ major

2. minor
A minor illness or operation is not likely to be dangerous to someone's life or health.

- Sarah had been plagued continually by a series of minor illnesses since her mid teens.

- His mother had to go to the hospital for minor surgery.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ major

3. minor
In European music, a minor scale is one in which the third note is three semitones higher than the first.

- ...the unfinished sonata movement in F minor.

ADJ: n ADJ, ADJ n
≠ major

4. minor minors
A minor is a person who is still legally a child. In Britain and most states in the United States, people are minors until they reach the age of eighteen.

- The approach has virtually ended cigarette sales to minors.

N-COUNT

5. minor minors
At a university or college in the United States, a student's minor is a subject that they are studying in addition to their main subject, or major.
N-COUNT: oft poss N
≠ major

6. minor minors
At a university or college in the United States, if a student is, for example, a geology minor , they are studying geology as well as their main subject.
N-COUNT: n N
≠ major

7. minor minors minoring minored
If a student at a university or college in the United States minors in a particular subject, they study it in addition to their main subject.

- I'm minoring in computer science.

VB
≠ major

minor

adjective

small

inconsequential

insignificant

lesser

petty

slight

trivial

unimportant

minority

[D.J.:maiˈnɔriti]

[K.K.:məˈnɔrɪti, -ˈnɑr-, maɪ-]

n.

少数, 小部分

少数民族, 少数信仰不同的人

minority ****

1. minority
If people are in a minority or in the minority , they belong to a group of people or things that form less than half of a larger group.

- Local authority nursery provision covers only a tiny minority of working mothers.

- These children are only a small minority.

- ...minority shareholders.

- Even in the 1960s, politically active students and academics were in a minority.

- In the past conservatives have been in the minority.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

2. minority minorities
A minority is a group of people of the same race, culture, or religion who live in a place where most of the people around them are of a different race, culture, or religion.

- ...the region's ethnic minorities...

- Students have called for greater numbers of women and minorities on the faculty.

- A final settlement must respect minority rights.

N-COUNT

minstrel

[D.J.:ˈmɪnstrəl]

[K.K.:ˈmɪnstrəl]

n.

游方音乐家,流浪乐师;游方艺人

minstrelsy

n.

吟游,游唱

吟游诗人

minstrelsy

[D.J.:ˈminstrəlsi]

[K.K.:ˈmɪnstrəlsi]

n.

吟游技艺

minstrel *

minstrel minstrels
In medieval times, a minstrel was a singer and musician who travelled around and performed for noble families.
N-COUNT

minstrel

noun

musician

bard

singer

songstress

troubadour

mint

[D.J.:mint]

[K.K.:mɪnt]

n.

铸币厂

巨额(的钱)

薄荷

薄荷糖

vt. & vi.

铸造

vt.

创造

mint **

1. mint
Mint is a herb with fresh-tasting leaves.

- Garnish with mint sprigs.

N-UNCOUNT

2. mint mints
A mint is a sweet with a peppermint flavour. Some people suck mints in order to make their breath smell fresher.
N-COUNT

3. mint mints
The mint is the place where the official coins of a country are made.

- In 1965 the mint stopped putting silver in dimes.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the N

4. mint mints minting minted
To mint coins or medals means to make them in a mint.

- ...the right to mint coins.

- ...its collection of locally minted Saxon coins.

VB

5. minting

- ...the minting of new gold coins.

N-UNCOUNT

6. mint
If you say that someone makes a mint , you mean that they make a very large amount of money. (INFORMAL)

- Everybody thinks I'm making a mint.

- They were worth a mint.

N-SING: usu a N
= pile

7. mint
If you say that something is in mint condition , you mean that it is in perfect condition.
PHR: usu v-link PHR

minted

minted
If you describe something as newly minted or freshly minted , you mean that it is very new, and that it has only just been produced or completed.

- He seemed to be pleased by this newly minted vehicle.

- ...the movie's freshly minted script.

ADJ: usu ADJ n, adv ADJ

mint

verb

make

cast

coin

produce

punch

stamp

strike

mint sauce

mint sauce
Mint sauce is a sauce made from mint leaves, vinegar, and sugar, which is often eaten with lamb.
N-UNCOUNT

minuet

[D.J.:ˌmɪnju:ˈet]

[K.K.:ˌmɪnjuˈɛt]

n.

米奴哀舞,小步舞

米奴哀舞曲,小步舞曲

minuet

1. minuet minuets
In the music of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, a minuet is a piece of music with three beats in a bar which is played at moderate speed.
N-COUNT

2. minuet minuets
A minuet is a fairly slow and formal dance which was popular in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
N-COUNT

minus

[D.J.:ˈmainəs]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪnəs]

prep.

(表示否定)没有, 缺少, 差

(表示运算)减去

(表示数目)在零度以下

n.

减号, 负号

不利, 不足, 缺点

adj.

负的

不利的

略低于某标准的

minus **

1. minus
You use minus to show that one number or quantity is being subtracted from another.

- One minus one is zero.

- They've been promised their full July salary minus the hardship payment.

CONJ-COORD
= less ≠ plus

2. minus
Minus before a number or quantity means that the number or quantity is less than zero.

- The aircraft was subjected to temperatures of minus 65 degrees and plus 120 degrees.

ADJ: ADJ amount
≠ plus

3. minus
Teachers use minus in grading work in schools and colleges. `B minus' is not as good as `B', but is a better grade than `C'.

- I'm giving him a B minus.

≠ plus

4. minus
To be minus something means not to have that thing.

- The film company collapsed, leaving Chris jobless and minus his life savings.

PREP
= without

5. minus minuses
A minus is a disadvantage. (INFORMAL)

- The minuses far outweigh that possible gain.

- The plusses and minuses were about equal.

- None of these minus points will have been mentioned.

N-COUNT
= drawback ≠ plus

6. minus
You use plus or minus to give the amount by which a particular number may vary.

- The poll has a margin of error of plus or minus 5 per cent.

PHR: PHR amount

minuscule

[D.J.:ˈminəskju:l]

[K.K.:ˈmɪnəˌskjul, mɪˈnʌsˌkjul]

adj.

非常小的, 极不重要的

minuscule

minuscule
If you describe something as minuscule , you mean that it is very small.

- The film was shot in 17 days, a minuscule amount of time.

ADJ

minuscule

adjective

tiny

diminutive

infinitesimal

little

microscopic

miniature

minute

minus sign

minus sign minus signs
A minus sign is the sign - which is put between two numbers in order to show that the second number is being subtracted from the first one. It is also put before a number to show that the number is less than zero.
N-COUNT

minute

[D.J.:ˈminit]

[K.K.:ˈmɪnɪt]

n.

分钟

瞬间, 很短的时间

此时此刻; 立刻

分; 1/60度

会议记录

vt.

把…记录在案

为…测定时间

[maiˈnju:t]

adj.

极小的; 极少的

极详细的; 准确的, 精确的

minute 1 noun and verb uses *****

1. minute minutes
A minute is one of the sixty parts that an hour is divided into. People often say ` a minute ' or ` minutes ' when they mean a short length of time.

- The pizza will then take about twenty minutes to cook.

- Bye Mum, see you in a minute.

- Half a minute later she came in the front door.

- Within minutes we realized our mistake.

N-COUNT: oft num N

2. minute minutes
The minutes of a meeting are the written records of the things that are discussed or decided at it.

- He'd been reading the minutes of the last meeting.

N-PLURAL: oft N of n

3. minute minutes minuting minuted
When someone minutes something that is discussed or decided at a meeting, they make a written record of it.

- You don't need to minute that.

VB

4. minute
People often use expressions such as wait a minute or just a minute when they want to stop you doing or saying something.

- Wait a minute, folks, something is wrong here.

- Hey, just a minute!

CONVENTION
= hang on

5. minute
If you say that something will or may happen at any minute or any minute now , you are emphasizing that it is likely to happen very soon.

- It looked as though it might rain at any minute.

- He ought to be back any minute.

- Any minute now, that phone is going to ring.

PHR emphasis

6. minute
If you say that you do not believe for a minute or for one minute that something is true, you are emphasizing that you do not believe that it is true.

- I don't believe for one minute she would have been scared.

- I don't believe him for a minute.

PHR: with brd-neg, PHR with v emphasis
= for a moment

7. minute
A last-minute action is one that is done at the latest time possible.

- She was doing some last-minute revision for her exams.

- The location has been changed at the last minute.

- He will probably wait until the last minute.

PHR: PHR n, prep PHR

8. minute
You use the expression the next minute or expressions such as ` one minute he was there, the next he was gone ' to emphasize that something happens suddenly.

- The next minute my father came in.

- Jobs are there one minute, gone the next.

PHR emphasis
= the next moment

9. minute
If you say that something happens the minute something else happens, you are emphasizing that it happens immediately after the other thing.

- The minute you do this, you'll lose control.

- The minute that the war started, everybody was glued to the television.

PHR: PHR that emphasis
= the moment

10. minute
If you say that something must be done this minute , you are emphasizing that it must be done immediately.

- I need to speak with her right this minute.

- Anna, stop that. Sit down this minute.

PHR emphasis
= now immediately

minute 2 adjective use *

minute minutest
If you say that something is minute , you mean that it is very small.

- Only a minute amount is needed.

- The party was planned in the minutest detail.

ADJ-GRADED
= tiny

minute

noun

moment

flash

instant

jiffy informal

second

tick Brit. informal

trice

minute

adjective

1.

small

diminutive

infinitesimal

little

microscopic

miniature

minuscule

tiny

2.

precise

close

critical

detailed

exact

exhaustive

meticulous

painstaking

punctilious

minutes

plural noun

record

memorandum

notes

proceedings

transactions

transcript

minutely

[D.J.:ˈminitli]

[K.K.:maɪˈnutli, -ˈnjut-, mɪ-]

adv.

详细地,精密地

minutely

1. minutely
You use minutely to indicate that something is done in great detail.

- The metal is then minutely examined to ensure there are no cracks.

- They follow minutely the news from abroad on Cable News Network.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= meticulously

2. minutely
You use minutely to indicate that the size or extent of something is very small.

- The benefit of an x-ray far outweighs the minutely increased risk of cancer.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/-ed

minutiae

[maiˈnju:ʃii:]

n.

微小的细节, 细枝末节

minutiae

minutiae
The minutiae of something such as someone's job or life are the very small details of it. (FORMAL)

- Much of his early work is concerned with the minutiae of rural life.

N-PLURAL: usu the N of n
= fine details

minutiae

plural noun

details

finer points

ins and outs

niceties

particulars

subtleties

trifles

trivia

miracle

[D.J.:ˈmirəkl]

[K.K.:ˈmɪrəkəl]

n.

奇迹

令人惊奇的事

miracle **

1. miracle miracles
If you say that a good event is a miracle , you mean that it is very surprising and unexpected.

- It is a miracle no one was killed.

- The Italian economic miracle has always been a mystery.

N-COUNT

2. miracle
A miracle drug or product does something that was thought almost impossible. (JOURNALISM)

- ...a miracle drug that is said to be a cure for Aids and cancer.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. miracle miracles
A miracle is a wonderful and surprising event that is believed to be caused by God.

- ...the miracle of the Virgin Birth.

- ...Jesus's ability to perform miracles.

N-COUNT

miracle

noun

wonder

marvel

phenomenon

prodigy

miracle worker

miracle worker miracle workers
If you describe someone as a miracle worker , you mean that they have achieved or are able to achieve success in something that other people have found very difficult.

- At work he was regarded as a miracle worker, the man who took risks and could not lose.

N-COUNT approval

miraculous

[D.J.:miˈrækjuləs]

[K.K.:mɪˈrækjələs]

adj.

奇迹般的, 超自然的

miraculously

[D.J.:mɪˈrækjʊləslɪ]

[K.K.:məˈrækjələslɪ]

adv.

神奇地;非凡地;出乎意料地

miraculous *

1. miraculous
If you describe a good event as miraculous , you mean that it is very surprising and unexpected.

- The horse made a miraculous recovery to finish a close third.

- ...a miraculous escape...

- The change in Felicity was miraculous.

ADJ-GRADED
= amazing

2. miraculously

- Miraculously, the guards escaped death or serious injury.

- We miraculously survived the crossing to Muscat.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with cl, ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. miraculous
If someone describes a wonderful event as miraculous , they believe that the event was caused by God.

- ...miraculous healing.

- ...miraculous powers.

ADJ

4. miraculously

- He was miraculously healed of a severe fever.

ADV: usu ADV with v

miraculous

adjective

wonderful

amazing

astonishing

astounding

extraordinary

incredible

phenomenal

prodigious

unaccountable

unbelievable

mirage

[D.J.:mɪˈrɑ:ʒ]

[K.K.:mɪˈrɑʒ]

n.

海市蜃楼;幻景

mirage

1. mirage mirages
A mirage is something which you see when it is extremely hot, for example in the desert, and which appears to be quite near but is actually a long way away or does not really exist.

- Through my half-closed eyelids I began to see mirages.

- It hovered before his eyes like the mirage of an oasis.

N-COUNT

2. mirage mirages
If you describe something as a mirage , you mean that it is not real or true, although it may seem to be.

- The girl was a mirage, cast up by his troubled mind.

- The objectivity of science is a mirage.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= illusion

mirage

noun

illusion

hallucination

optical illusion

mire

[D.J.:maɪə]

[K.K.:maɪr]

n.

<尤文>泥潭

miry

adj.

miry

[D.J.:ˈmaiəri]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪri]

adj.

泥泞的

mire

1. mire
You can refer to an unpleasant or difficult situation as a mire of some kind. (LITERARY)

- ...a mire of poverty and ignorance.

N-SING: oft N of n
= quagmire

2. mire
Mire is dirt or mud. (LITERARY)

- ...the muck and mire of sewers and farmyards.

N-UNCOUNT
= muck

mire

noun

1.

swamp

bog

marsh

morass

quagmire

2.

mud

dirt

muck

ooze

slime

mirror

[D.J.:ˈmirə]

[K.K.:ˈmɪrɚ]

n.

镜子

写照

vt.

反映, 反射, 映照

mirroring

[ˈmirəriŋ]

n.

镜像法

mirror ***

1. mirror mirrors
A mirror is a flat piece of glass which reflects light, so that when you look at it you can see yourself reflected in it.

- He went into the bathroom absent-mindedly and looked at himself in the mirror.

- He checked his mirror and saw that a dark coloured van was immediately behind him.

N-COUNT

2. mirrored

- ...a mirrored ceiling.

ADJ

3. mirror mirrors mirroring mirrored
If something mirrors something else, it has similar features to it, and therefore seems like a copy or representation of it.

- Despite the fact that I have tried to be objective, the book inevitably mirrors my own interests and experiences.

- His own shock was mirrored on her face.

VB
= reflect

4. mirror mirrors mirroring mirrored
If you see something reflected in water, you can say that the water mirrors it. (LITERARY)

- ...the sudden glitter where a newly-flooded field mirrors the sky...

- The ship would lie there mirrored in a perfectly unmoving glossy sea.

VB
= reflect

mirror

noun

1.

looking-glass

glass

reflector

verb

2.

reflect

copy

echo

emulate

follow

mirror image *

mirror image mirror images
If something is a mirror image of something else, it is like a reflection of it, either because it is exactly the same or because it is the same but reversed.

- I saw in him a mirror image of my younger self.

- This is almost the mirror image of the situation in Scotland.

N-COUNT: oft N of n also mirror-image .

mirror site

mirror site mirror sites
A mirror site is a website which is the same as another website operated by the same person or organization but has a slightly different address. Mirror sites are designed to make it easier for more people to visit a popular website.
N-COUNT

mirth

[D.J.:mɜ:θ]

[K.K.:mə..θ]

n.

<书>欢乐;欢笑

mirth

mirth
Mirth is amusement which you express by laughing. (LITERARY)

- That caused considerable mirth amongst pupils and sports masters alike.

- It was all he could do to stop tears of mirth falling down his cheeks.

N-UNCOUNT
= hilarity

mirth

noun

merriment

amusement

cheerfulness

fun

gaiety

glee

hilarity

jollity

joviality

laughter

revelry

mirthless

[D.J.:ˈmə:θlis]

[K.K.:ˈmɚθlɪs]

adj.

不快乐的,沉闷的,忧郁的

mirthless

mirthless
If someone gives a mirthless laugh or smile, it is obvious that they are not really amused. (WRITTEN)

- He permitted himself a small mirthless smile.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

mis-

[mis]

pref.

表示“坏,错误,否定”之义(用于元音之前)

mis-

mis-
Mis- is added to some verbs and nouns to form new verbs and nouns which indicate that something is done badly or wrongly.

- The local newspaper misreported the story by claiming the premises were rented.

- He was eventually convicted for the misuse of official funds.

PREFIX

misadventure

[D.J.:ˈmisədˈventʃə]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsədˈvɛntʃɚ]

n.

运气不佳的遭遇

misadventure

misadventure misadventures
A misadventure is an unfortunate incident. (FORMAL)

- ...a series of misadventures...

- A verdict of death by misadventure was recorded.

N-VAR

misadventure

noun

misfortune

accident

bad luck

calamity

catastrophe

debacle

disaster

mishap

reverse

setback

misanthrope

[D.J.:ˈmɪsənˌθrəʊp, ˈmɪz-]

[K.K.:ˈmɪsənˌθrop, ˈmɪz-]

n.

厌恶人类者

misanthropic

adj.

misanthropic

[D.J.:ˌmizənˈθrɔpik]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsənˈθrɑpɪk, ˌmɪz-]

adj.

厌恶人类的,憎恶(或蔑视)世人的

misanthrope

misanthrope misanthropes
A misanthrope is a person who does not like other people. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

misanthropic

misanthropic
If you describe a person or their feelings as misanthropic , you mean that they do not like other people. (FORMAL)

- His father was a misanthropic but successful businessman.

ADJ-GRADED

misanthropic

adjective

antisocial

cynical

malevolent

unfriendly

misanthropy

[D.J.:mɪsˈænθrəpi:, mɪz-]

[K.K.:mɪsˈænθrəpi, mɪz-]

n.

厌恶人类, 憎恨世人

misanthropy

misanthropy
Misanthropy is a general dislike of people. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

misapplication

[ˈmisˌæpliˈkeiʃən]

n.

误用,滥用

misapplication

misapplication misapplications
If you talk about the misapplication of something, you mean it is used for a purpose it was not intended for.

- He's charged with conspiracy, misapplication of funds and other crimes.

- ...a common misapplication of the law.

N-VAR: usu N of n
= misuse

misapplied

被误用了的

misapply

[D.J.:ˈmisəˈplai]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsəˈplaɪ]

vt.

误用,滥用

misapply

misapply misapplies misapplying misapplied
If something is misapplied , it is used for a purpose for which it is not intended or not suitable.

- Many lines from Shakespeare's plays are misquoted and misapplied.

- The law had been misapplied.

VB: usu passive
= misused

misapprehension

misapprehension misapprehensions
A misapprehension is a wrong idea or impression that you have about something.

- Men still appear to be labouring under the misapprehension that women want hairy, muscular men.

- We were by now under no misapprehension about the extent of the problem.

N-VAR: oft N that, under N
= misunderstanding

misapprehension

noun

misunderstanding

delusion

error

fallacy

misconception

misinterpretation

mistake

misappropriate

[D.J.:ˌmɪsəˈprəʊpri:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsəˈpropriˌet]

vt.

不正确地使用;挪用,侵吞(他人的钱等)

盗用

misappropriation

n.

misappropriate

1. misappropriate misappropriates misappropriating misappropriated
If someone misappropriates money which does not belong to them, they take it without permission and use it for their own purposes.

- I took no money for personal use and have not misappropriated any funds whatsoever.

- A total of $500 million is alleged to have been misappropriated.

VB
= embezzle

2. misappropriation

- He pleaded guilty to charges of misappropriation of bank funds.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

misappropriate

verb

steal

embezzle

misspend

misuse

peculate

pocket

misbehave

[D.J.:ˌmɪsbɪˈheɪv]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsbɪˈhev]

vi.

行为不端

misbehave

misbehave misbehaves misbehaving misbehaved
If someone, especially a child, misbehaves , they behave in a way that is not acceptable to other people.

- When the children misbehaved she was unable to cope.

VB

misbehaviour

[D.J.:ˌmɪsb.ɪˈheɪvɪə(r)]

[K.K.: ˌmɪsb.ɪˈhevjɚ]

n.

不礼貌;品行不端

违反军规

misbehaviour

misbehaviour
Misbehaviour is behaviour that is not acceptable to other people. (FORMAL)

- If the toddler had been dealt with properly at first, the rest of his misbehaviour would have been avoided.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) misbehavior
= misconduct

miscalculate

[D.J.:mɪsˈkælkjəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:mɪsˈkælkjəˌlet]

vt. & vi.

(对数字、时间等)计算错误, 算错

(对…)判断错误

miscalculation

[D.J.:ˌmɪskælkjʊˈleɪʃn]

[K.K.: ˌmɪskælkjə-]

n.

算错;误认;误估

miscalculate *

1. miscalculate miscalculates miscalculating miscalculated
If you miscalculate , you make a mistake in judging a situation or in making a calculation.

- It's clear that he has badly miscalculated the mood of the people.

- The government appears to have miscalculated and bills are higher as a result.

VB

2. miscalculation miscalculations

- The coup failed because of miscalculations by the plotters.

- Southwark council admitted making serious miscalculations in this year's budget.

N-VAR

miscalculate

verb

misjudge

blunder

err

overestimate

overrate

slip up

underestimate

underrate

miscarriage

[D.J.:ˈmɪsˌkærɪdʒ, mɪsˈkær-]

[K.K.:ˈmɪsˌkærɪdʒ, mɪsˈkær-]

n.

流产

miscarriage **

miscarriage miscarriages
If a pregnant woman has a miscarriage , her baby dies and she gives birth to it before it is properly formed.
N-VAR

miscarriage

noun

failure

breakdown

error

mishap

perversion

miscarriage of justice *

miscarriage of justice miscarriages of justice
A miscarriage of justice is a wrong decision made by a court, as a result of which an innocent person is punished.

- I can imagine no greater miscarriage of justice than the execution of an innocent man.

- ...a report whose conclusions were that no miscarriage of justice had taken place.

N-VAR

miscarry

[D.J.:ˈmɪsˌkæri:, mɪsˈkæri:]

[K.K.:ˈmɪsˌkæri, mɪsˈkæri]

vi.

(指妇女)流产

(指计划等)失败

miscarry

miscarry miscarries miscarrying miscarried
If a woman miscarries , she has a miscarriage.

- Many women who miscarry eventually have healthy babies.

VB

miscarry

verb

fail

come to grief

fall through

go awry

go wrong

misfire

miscast

[D.J.:ˈmisˈkɑ:st]

[K.K.:mɪsˈkæst]

vt.

指配不适当的角色,角色分配不适当

miscast

miscast
If someone who is acting in a play or film is miscast , the role that they have is not suitable for them, so that they appear silly or unconvincing to the audience.
ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

miscellaneous

[D.J.:ˌmɪsəˈleɪni:əs]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsəˈleniəs]

adj.

不同种类的,多种多样的;混杂的

miscellaneously

adv.

不同种类地,多种多样地;混杂地

miscellaneous *

miscellaneous
A miscellaneous group consists of many different kinds of things or people that are difficult to put into a particular category.

- ...a hoard of miscellaneous junk...

- They eat a lot of meats and dairy foods, along with a lot of miscellaneous items that don't fall into any group.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= assorted

miscellaneous

adjective

mixed

assorted

diverse

jumbled

motley

sundry

varied

various

miscellany

[D.J.:ˈmɪsəˌleɪni:]

[K.K.:ˈmɪsəˌleni]

n.

混合物,大杂烩

miscellany

miscellany miscellanies
A miscellany of things is a collection or group of many different kinds of things. (WRITTEN)

- ...glass cases filled with a miscellany of objects...

- The top drawer held a miscellany of foreign coins and banknotes.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= assortment

miscellany

noun

assortment

anthology

collection

hotchpotch

jumble

medley

m´elange

mixed bag

mixture

potpourri

variety

mischief

[D.J.:ˈmis-tʃif]

[K.K.:ˈmɪstʃɪf]

n.

损害, 危害, 伤害

胡闹, 调皮捣蛋, 恶作剧

调皮捣蛋的人, 淘气鬼

mischief *

1. mischief
Mischief is playing harmless tricks on people or doing things you are not supposed to do. It can also refer to the desire to do this.

- The little lad was a real handful. He was always up to mischief.

- Boys at that age should be able to explore and go off on their own, go on bike rides, get into mischief.

- His eyes were full of mischief.

N-UNCOUNT

2. mischief
Mischief is behaviour that is intended to cause trouble for people. It can also refer to the trouble that is caused.

- The more sinister explanation is that he is about to make mischief in the Middle East again.

- They withdrew their support after the President described the conference as a platform to cause political mischief.

N-UNCOUNT

mischief

noun

1.

trouble

impishness

misbehaviour

monkey business informal

naughtiness

shenanigans informal

waywardness

2.

harm

damage

evil

hurt

injury

misfortune

trouble

mischief-maker

[ˈmistʃiʃˌmeikə]

n.

挑拨离间的人,搬弄是非的人

mischief-maker

mischief-maker mischief-makers
If you say that someone is a mischief-maker , you are criticizing them for saying or doing things which are intended to cause trouble between people.

- The letter had come from an unknown mischief-maker.

N-COUNT disapproval
= stirrer

mischievous

[D.J.:ˈmɪstʃəvəs]

[K.K.:ˈmɪstʃəvəs]

adj.

淘气的, 顽皮的

造成伤害的

mischievously

[D.J.:ˈmɪstʃɪvəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈmɪstʃɪvəslɪ]

adv.

有害地

淘气地

mischievous *

1. mischievous
A mischievous person likes to have fun by playing harmless tricks on people or doing things they are not supposed to do.

- She rocks back and forth on her chair like a mischievous child.

- He's a little mischievous.

ADJ-GRADED
= impish

2. mischievously

- Kathryn winked mischievously.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. mischievous
A mischievous act or suggestion is intended to cause trouble.

- A statement issued after the meeting speaks of a mischievous campaign by the press to divide the ANC.

- The Foreign Office dismissed the story as mischievous and false.

ADJ-GRADED
= malicious

4. mischievously

- That does not require `massive' military intervention, as some have mischievously claimed.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

mischievous

adjective

1.

naughty

impish

playful

puckish

rascally

roguish

sportive

troublesome

wayward

2.

malicious

damaging

destructive

evil

harmful

hurtful

spiteful

vicious

wicked

misconceived

misconceived
If you describe a plan or method as misconceived , you mean it is not the right one for dealing with a particular problem or situation.

- The teachers say the tests for 14-year-olds are misconceived.

- ...Lawrence's worthy but misconceived idea.

ADJ-GRADED
= misguided

misconception

[D.J.:ˌmɪskənˈsepʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmɪskənˈsɛpʃən]

n.

误解,错误想法,错误印象

misconception *

misconception misconceptions
A misconception is an idea that is not correct.

- It is a misconception that Peggy was fabulously wealthy.

- There are many fears and misconceptions about cancer.

N-COUNT
= fallacy

misconception

noun

delusion

error

fallacy

misapprehension

misunderstanding

misconduct

[D.J.:mɪsˈkɔndʌkt]

[K.K.:mɪsˈkɑndʌkt]

n.

不当行为, 乱搞男女关系

管理不善

vt.

对…管理不善, 对…经营不善

misconduct *

misconduct
Misconduct is bad or unacceptable behaviour, especially by a professional person.

- He was dismissed from his job for gross misconduct after handing over confidential documents to the press.

- Dr Lee was cleared of serious professional misconduct.

N-UNCOUNT

misconduct

noun

immorality

impropriety

malpractice

mismanagement

wrongdoing

misconstruction

[D.J.:ˈmiskənsˈtrʌkʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmɪskənˈstrʌkʃən]

n.

误解

misconstrue

[D.J.:ˌmɪskənˈstru:]

[K.K.:ˌmɪskənˈstru]

vt.

误解

misconstruction

n.

misconstrue

misconstrue misconstrues misconstruing misconstrued
If you misconstrue something that has been said or something that happens, you interpret it wrongly. (FORMAL)

- An outsider might misconstrue the nature of the relationship.

- Jordan's policy has been misconstrued.

VB
= misinterpret

miscreant

[D.J.:ˈmɪskri:ənt]

[K.K.:ˈmɪskriənt]

n.

恶棍,歹徒

miscreant

miscreant miscreants
A miscreant is someone who has done something illegal or behaved badly. (LITERARY)

- Local people demanded that the District Magistrate apprehend the miscreants.

N-COUNT
= wrongdoer

miscreant

noun

wrongdoer

blackguard

criminal

rascal

reprobate

rogue

scoundrel

sinner

vagabond

villain

misdeed

[D.J.:mɪsˈdi:d]

[K.K.:mɪsˈdid]

n.

违法行为,罪恶

misdeed

misdeed misdeeds
A misdeed is a bad or evil act. (FORMAL)

- ...the alleged financial misdeeds of his government.

N-COUNT

misdeed

noun

offence

crime

fault

misconduct

misdemeanour

sin

transgression

wrong

misdemeanour

[D.J.:ˌmɪsdɪˈmi:nə]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsdɪˈminɚ]

n.

不法行为

(相对于重罪的)轻罪,小罪

misdemeanour

1. misdemeanour misdemeanours
A misdemeanour is an act that some people consider to be wrong or unacceptable. (FORMAL)

- Emily knew nothing about her husband's misdemeanours.

- ...his financial misdemeanours.

N-COUNT (AM) misdemeanor

2. misdemeanour misdemeanours
In the United States and other countries where the legal system distinguishes between very serious crimes and less serious ones, a misdemeanour is a less serious crime. (LEGAL)

- She was charged with a misdemeanour, that of carrying a concealed weapon.

N-COUNT (AM) misdemeanor

misdemeanour

noun

offence

fault

infringement

misdeed

peccadillo

transgression

misdirect

[D.J.:ˌmɪsdɪˈrekt, -daɪ-]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsdɪˈrɛkt, -daɪ-]

vt.

给…指错方向

misdirection

n.

misdirection

[D.J.:ˌmisdiˈrekʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsdɪˈrɛkʃən, -daɪ-]

n.

指示错误,写错

misdirect

1. misdirect misdirects misdirecting misdirected
If resources or efforts are misdirected , they are used in the wrong way or for the wrong purposes.

- Many of the aid projects in the developing world have been misdirected in the past.

VB: usu passive

2. misdirected

- ...a misdirected effort to mollify the bishop.

ADJ-GRADED

3. misdirect misdirects misdirecting misdirected
If you misdirect someone, you send them in the wrong direction.

- He had deliberately misdirected the reporters.

VB

miser

[D.J.:ˈmaɪzə]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪzɚ]

n.

守财奴, 吝啬鬼

miser

miser misers
If you say that someone is a miser , you disapprove of them because they seem to hate spending money, and to spend as little as possible.

- I'm married to a miser.

N-COUNT disapproval
= skinflint

miser

noun

skinflint

cheapskate informal

niggard

penny-pincher informal

Scrooge

miserable

[D.J.:ˈmizərəbl]

[K.K.:ˈmɪzərəbəl, ˈmɪzrə-]

adj.

悲惨的, 不幸的, 可怜的

令人痛苦的; 令人不快的

低劣的; 贫乏的

卑鄙的, 可耻的, 可恶的

miserably

[D.J.:ˈmɪzərəblɪ]

[K.K.:ˈmɪzərəblɪ]

adv.

痛苦地;艰苦地;令人难受地

悲惨地;可悲地

糟糕地;少得可怜地

极度地

miserable **

1. miserable
If you are miserable , you are very unhappy.

- I took a series of badly paid secretarial jobs which made me really miserable.

- She went to bed, miserable and depressed.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

2. miserably

- He looked miserably down at his plate.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v

3. miserable
If you describe a place or situation as miserable , you mean that it makes you feel unhappy or depressed.

- There was nothing at all in this miserable place to distract him.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= depressing

4. miserable
If you describe the weather as miserable , you mean that it makes you feel depressed, because it is raining or dull.

- On a grey, wet, miserable day our teams congregated in Port Hamble.

- It was very cold, damp and miserable.

ADJ-GRADED
= depressing

5. miserable
If you describe someone as miserable , you mean that you do not like them because they are bad-tempered or unfriendly.

- He always was a miserable man. He never spoke to me nor anybody else, not even to pass the time of day.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= grumpy

6. miserable
You can describe a quantity or quality as miserable when you think that it is much smaller or worse than it ought to be.

- Our speed over the ground was a miserable 2.2 knots.

- It has so far accepted a miserable 1,100 refugees from the former Yugoslavia.

ADJ: usu a ADJ amount emphasis
= paltry measly

7. miserably

- ...the miserably inadequate supply of books now provided for schools.

ADV: ADV adj

8. miserable
A miserable failure is a very great one.

- The film was a miserable commercial failure both in Italy and in the United States.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

9. miserably

- Some manage it. Some fail miserably.

ADV: ADV with v

miserable

adjective

1.

unhappy

dejected

depressed

despondent

disconsolate

forlorn

gloomy

sorrowful

woebegone

wretched

2.

squalid

deplorable

lamentable

shameful

sordid

sorry

wretched

miserly

[D.J.:ˈmaɪzəli:]

[K.K.:ˈmaɪzəli]

adj.

<贬>(人)吝啬的;小气的

(数量)极少的;太小的

miserly

1. miserly
If you describe someone as miserly , you disapprove of them because they seem to hate spending money, and to spend as little as possible.

- He is miserly with both his time and his money.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= mean

2. miserly
If you describe an amount of something as miserly , you are critical of it because it is very small.

- Being a student today with miserly grants and limited career prospects is difficult.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= measly

miserly

adjective

mean

avaricious

grasping

niggardly

parsimonious

penny-pinching informal

stingy

tightfisted

ungenerous

misery

[D.J.:ˈmizəri]

[K.K.:ˈmɪzəri]

n.

痛苦, 苦恼, 苦难

痛苦的事, 不幸

常发牢骚的人

misery **

1. misery miseries
Misery is great unhappiness.

- All that money brought nothing but sadness and misery and tragedy.

- ...the miseries of his youth.

N-VAR

2. misery
Misery is the way of life and unpleasant living conditions of people who are very poor.

- A tiny, educated elite profited from the misery of their two million fellow countrymen.

N-UNCOUNT
= deprivation

3. misery miseries
If you say that someone is a misery , you are critical of them because they are always complaining. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I'm not such a misery now! I gave up drink a few years back and that has changed things a lot.

N-COUNT disapproval

4. misery
If someone makes your life a misery , they behave in an unpleasant way towards you over a period of time and make you very unhappy.

- I would really like living here if it wasn't for the gangs of kids who make our lives a misery.

PHR: V and life inflect
= make your life hell

5. misery
If you put someone out of their misery , you tell them something that they are very anxious to know. (INFORMAL)

- Please put me out of my misery. How do you do it?

PHR: V inflects

6. misery
If you put an animal out of its misery , you kill it because it is sick or injured and cannot be cured or healed.
PHR: V inflects
= put down

misery

noun

1.

unhappiness

anguish

depression

desolation

despair

distress

gloom

grief

sorrow

suffering

torment

woe

2.

moaner

killjoy

pessimist

prophet of doom

sourpuss informal

spoilsport

wet blanket informal

misfire

[D.J.:mɪsˈfaɪə]

[K.K.:mɪsˈfaɪr]

vi.

(指枪、发动机等)不发火,不启动

(指计划等)失败

n.

不发火,失败

misfiring

不点火

misfire

1. misfire misfires misfiring misfired
If a plan misfires , it goes wrong and does not have the results that you intend it to have.

- Some of their policies had misfired.

VB

2. misfire misfires misfiring misfired
If an engine misfires , the fuel fails to start burning when it should.

- The boat's engine misfired after he tried to start it up.

VB

3. misfire misfires misfiring misfired
If a gun misfires , the bullet is not sent out as it should be when the gun is fired.

- The gun misfired after one shot and jammed.

VB

misfire

verb Brit. informal

fail

fall through

go wrong

miscarry

misfit

[D.J.:ˈmɪsˌfɪt, mɪsˈfɪt]

[K.K.:ˈmɪsˌfɪt, mɪsˈfɪt]

n.

不适应生活环境的人,不善和别人共事的人

misfit *

misfit misfits
A misfit is a person who is not easily accepted by other people, often because their behaviour is very different from that of everyone else.

- I have been made to feel a social and psychological misfit for not wanting children.

N-COUNT

misfit

noun

nonconformist

eccentric

fish out of water informal

oddball informal

square peg (in a round hole) informal

misfortune

[D.J.:misˈfɔ:tʃən]

[K.K.:mɪsˈfɔrtʃən]

n.

不幸, 厄运, 逆境

不幸的事, 灾难, 灾祸

misfortune *

misfortune misfortunes
A misfortune is something unpleasant or unlucky that happens to someone.

- She seemed to enjoy the misfortunes of others.

- He had his full share of misfortune.

N-VAR

misfortune

noun

1.

bad luck

adversity

hard luck

ill luck

infelicity

2.

mishap

affliction

calamity

disaster

reverse

setback

tragedy

tribulation

trouble

misgiving

[D.J.:misˈɡiviŋ]

[K.K.:mɪsˈɡɪvɪŋ]

n.

疑虑, 担心, 恐惧

misgivings

n.

疑虑,担忧,害怕

misgiving *

misgiving misgivings
If you have misgivings about something that is being suggested or done, you feel that it is not quite right, and are worried that it may have unwanted results.

- She had some misgivings about what she was about to do.

- The first words of the text filled us with misgiving.

N-VAR
= doubt

misgiving

noun

unease

anxiety

apprehension

distrust

doubt

qualm

reservation

suspicion

trepidation

uncertainty

worry

misguided

[D.J.:mɪsˈgaɪdɪd]

[K.K.:mɪsˈɡaɪdɪd]

adj.

由错误思想指引的,不明智的

misguidedly

adv.

由错误思想指引地,不明智地

misguided *

misguided
If you describe an opinion or plan as misguided , you are critical of it because you think it is based on an incorrect idea. You can also describe people as misguided.

- In a misguided attempt to be funny, he manages only offensiveness.

- He is misguided in expecting honesty from her.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

misguided

adjective

unwise

deluded

erroneous

ill-advised

imprudent

injudicious

misplaced

mistaken

unwarranted

mishandle

[D.J.:mɪsˈhændl]

[K.K.:mɪsˈhændl..]

vt.

处理不当〔不力〕

粗暴地对待

mishandled

胡乱操作的

mishandling

[ˈmisˈhændliŋ]

n.

不正确运转,违反运行规程

mishandle

1. mishandle mishandles mishandling mishandled
If you say that someone has mishandled something, you are critical of them because you think they have dealt with it badly.

- She completely mishandled an important project purely through lack of attention.

- The judge said the police had mishandled the siege.

VB disapproval
= mismanage

2. mishandling

- ...the Government's mishandling of the economy.

N-UNCOUNT: usu poss N of n

mishandle

verb

mismanage

botch

bungle

make a mess of

mess up informal

muff

mishap

[D.J.:ˈmɪsˌhæp, mɪsˈhæp]

[K.K.:ˈmɪsˌhæp, mɪsˈhæp]

n.

轻微的事故;小的意外

mishap *

mishap mishaps
A mishap is an unfortunate but not very serious event that happens to someone.

- After a number of mishaps she did manage to get back to Germany.

- The plot passed off without mishap.

N-VAR
= incident

mishap

noun

accident

calamity

misadventure

mischance

misfortune

mishear

[D.J.:mɪsˈhɪə]

[K.K.:mɪsˈhɪr]

vt.

听错,误听

mishear

mishear mishears mishearing misheard
If you mishear what someone says, you hear it incorrectly, and think they said something different.

- You misheard me, Frank.

- She must have misheard.

VB

mishmash

[D.J.:ˈmiʃmæʃ]

[K.K.:ˈmɪʃˌmæʃ, -ˌmɑʃ]

n.

混杂物

vt.

使成为杂乱的一堆

mishmash

mishmash
If you say that something is a mishmash , you are criticizing it because it is a confused mixture of different types of things.

- The letter was a mish-mash of ill-fitting proposals taken from two different reform plans.

- ...a bizarre mishmash of colours and patterns.

N-SING: usu a N of n also mish-mash . disapproval
= hotch-potch hodgepodge

misinform

[D.J.:ˌmɪsɪnˈfɔ:m]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsɪnˈfɔrm]

vt.

向…提供错误的消息,误导

misinformation

n.

misinformation

[ˈmisinfəˈmeiʃən]

n.

误报,误传

misinform

misinform misinforms misinforming misinformed
If you are misinformed , you are told something that is wrong or inaccurate.

- He has been misinformed by members of his own party.

- We were clearly misinformed.

- The president defended the news blackout, accusing the media of misinforming the people.

VB
= mislead

misinform

verb

mislead

deceive

misdirect

misguide

misinformation

misinformation
Misinformation is wrong information which is given to someone, often in a deliberate attempt to make them believe something which is not true.

- This was a deliberate piece of misinformation.

N-UNCOUNT

misinterpret

[D.J.:ˌmɪsɪnˈtɜ:prɪt]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsɪnˈtə..prɪt]

vt.

误解;曲解

misinterpretation

n.

误解;曲解

misinterpretation

[D.J.:ˌmɪsɪnˌtɜ:prɪˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsɪnˌtə..prɪˈteʃən]

n.

误解;曲解

误释

misinterpret *

1. misinterpret misinterprets misinterpreting misinterpreted
If you misinterpret something, you understand it wrongly.

- He was amazed that he'd misinterpreted the situation so completely.

- The Prince's words had been misinterpreted.

VB
= misread

2. misinterpretation misinterpretations

- The message left no room for misinterpretation.

- ...a misinterpretation of the aims and ends of socialism.

N-VAR

misinterpret

verb

misunderstand

distort

misapprehend

misconceive

misconstrue

misjudge

misread

misrepresent

mistake

misjudge

[D.J.:mɪsˈdʒʌdʒ]

[K.K.:mɪsˈdʒʌdʒ]

vt.

错误地判断,冤枉

misjudgement

n.

误断,冤枉

misjudgement

n.

判断错误,判断不公,估计错误

misjudge *

misjudge misjudges misjudging misjudged
If you say that someone has misjudged a person or situation, you mean that they have formed an incorrect idea or opinion about them, and often that they have made a wrong decision as a result of this.

- Perhaps I had misjudged him, and he was not so predictable after all.

- As I swung down from out of my bunk, I got dizzy and misjudged the distance.

VB

misjudge

verb

miscalculate

overestimate

overrate

underestimate

underrate

misjudgement

misjudgement misjudgements
A misjudgement is an incorrect idea or opinion that is formed about someone or something, especially when a wrong decision is made as a result of this.

- ...a misjudgement in British foreign policy which had far-reaching consequences...

- Many accidents were due to pilot misjudgement.

N-VAR also misjudgment .

miskick

[ˌmisˈkik]

vi.,n.

踢出坏球

miskick

1. miskick miskicks miskicking miskicked
To miskick the ball in a game such as soccer means to kick it badly so that it does not go in the direction you want it to. (JOURNALISM)

- He miskicked the ball twice at the edge of the penalty box.

- He miskicked completely as he lost his footing.

VB

2. miskick miskicks
Also a noun.

- A miskick gave Mark Leonard a clear shot at goal.

N-COUNT

mislay

[D.J.:mɪsˈleɪ]

[K.K.:mɪsˈle]

vt.

把(东西)放在记不起来的地方

mislay

mislay mislays mislaying mislaid
If you mislay something, you put it somewhere and then forget where you have put it.

- I appear to have mislaid my jumper.

VB
= misplace

mislay

verb

lose

lose track of

misplace

mislead

[D.J.:ˌmisˈli:d]

[K.K.:mɪsˈlid]

vt.

给…错误印象, 使误解

把…带错路

把…带坏, 使误入歧途

misleading

[D.J.:mɪsˈli:dɪŋ]

[K.K.:mɪsˈlidɪŋ]

adj.

欺骗的;误导性的

misled

[D.J.:mɪsˈled]

[K.K.:mɪsˈlɛd]

mislead的过去式及过去分词

mislead *

mislead misleads misleading misled
If you say that someone has misled you, you mean that they have made you believe something which is not true, either by telling you a lie or by giving you a wrong idea or impression.

- Jack was furious with his London doctors for having misled him.

- Ministers must not knowingly mislead Parliament and the public.

VB
= misinform

misleading **

1. misleading
If you describe something as misleading , you mean that it gives you a wrong idea or impression.

- It would be misleading to say that we were friends.

- The article contains several misleading statements.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

2. misleadingly

- The data had been presented misleadingly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

misled

Misled is the past tense and past participle of mislead .

mislead

verb

deceive

delude

fool

hoodwink

misdirect

misguide

misinform

take in informal

misleading

adjective

confusing

ambiguous

deceptive

disingenuous

evasive

false

mismanage

[D.J.:mɪsˈmænɪdʒ]

[K.K.:mɪsˈmænɪdʒ]

vt.

对…管理不善,对…经营不当

mismanagement

n.

管理不善,经营不当

mismanagement

n.

办错,管理不善

mismanage

mismanage mismanages mismanaging mismanaged
To mismanage something means to manage it badly.

- 75% of voters think the President has mismanaged the economy.

VB
= mishandle

mismanage

verb

mishandle

botch

bungle

make a mess of

mess up

misconduct

misdirect

misgovern

mismanagement *

mismanagement
Someone's mismanagement of a system or organization is the bad way they have dealt with it or organized it.

- ...the Government's economic mismanagement...

- His gross mismanagement left the company desperately in need of restructuring.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N, N of n
= mishandling

mismatch

[D.J.:ˈmisˈmætʃ]

[K.K.:mɪsˈmætʃ]

vt.

使配错,使配合不当

n.

错配,失谐

mismatched

配错的

mismatching

[ˈmisˈmætʃiŋ]

n.

失配,不匹配,失谐

mismatch

1. mismatch mismatches
If there is a mismatch between two or more things or people, they do not go together well or are not suitable for each other.

- There is a mismatch between the skills offered by people and the skills needed by industry.

- ...an unfortunate mismatch of styles.

N-COUNT: oft N between/of pl-n, N of pl-n

2. mismatch mismatches mismatching mismatched
To mismatch things or people means to put them together although they do not go together well or are not suitable for each other.

- She was deliberately mismatching articles of clothing.

VB

3. mismatched

- The two opponents are mismatched.

ADJ-GRADED

misnamed

misnamed
If you say that something or someone is misnamed , you mean that they have a name that describes them incorrectly.

- ...a high school teacher who was misnamed Mr. Witty.

- ...the misnamed Grand Hotel...

- The truth is that junk bonds were misnamed, and therefore misunderstood.

V-PASSIVE

misnomer

[D.J.:misˈnəumə]

[K.K.:mɪsˈnomɚ]

n.

使用不当的名字或名称

misnomer

misnomer misnomers
If you say that a word or name is a misnomer , you mean that it describes something incorrectly.

- Herbal `tea' is something of a misnomer because these drinks contain no tea at all.

N-COUNT: usu a N in sing

misogynist

[D.J.:miˈsɔdʒinist]

[K.K.:mɪˈsɑdʒənɪst]

n.

厌恶女人的人

misogynist

1. misogynist misogynists
A misogynist is a man who dislikes women.
N-COUNT

2. misogynist
Misogynist attitudes or actions are ones that involve or show a strong dislike of women.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

misogynistic

misogynistic
Misogynistic means the same as misogynist .
ADJ-GRADED

misogyny

[D.J.:maiˈsɔdʒini]

[K.K.:mɪˈsɑdʒəni]

n.

厌恶女人

misogyny

misogyny
Misogyny is a strong dislike of women.
N-UNCOUNT

misplace

[D.J.:mɪsˈpleɪs]

[K.K.:mɪsˈples]

vt.

把(感情等)寄托于不值得寄托的对象

忘记把…放在什么地方;把…放错位置

misplace

misplace misplaces misplacing misplaced
If you misplace something, you lose it, usually only temporarily.

- He misplaces his reading glasses with such regularity that aides carry extras.

- Somehow the suitcase with my clothes was misplaced.

VB
= mislay

misplaced *

misplaced
If you describe a feeling or action as misplaced , you are critical of it because you think it is inappropriate, or directed towards the wrong thing or person.

- A telling sign of misplaced priorities is the concentration on health not environmental issues.

- I think your concern is misplaced. Ackroyd is no threat to anyone.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

misplace

verb

lose

lose track of

mislay

misprint

[D.J.:mɪsˈprɪnt]

[K.K.:mɪsˈprɪnt]

n.

印刷错误

misprint

misprint misprints
A misprint is a mistake in the way something is printed, for example a spelling mistake.
N-COUNT

misprint

noun

mistake

corrigendum

erratum

literal

typo informal

mispronounce

[D.J.:ˌmɪsprəˈnaʊns]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsprəˈnaʊns]

vt.

发错(词等的)音

mispronunciation

n.

mispronunciation

[ˈmisprəˌnʌnsiˈeiʃən]

n.

读音错误,发音错误

mispronounce

mispronounce mispronounces mispronouncing mispronounced
If you mispronounce a word, you pronounce it wrongly.

- He repeatedly mispronounced words and slurred his speech.

VB

misquotation

[ˌmiskwəuˈteiʃən]

n.

错误的引用

misquote

[D.J.:mɪsˈkwəʊt]

[K.K.:mɪsˈkwot]

vt.

不确切地引用

misquotation

n.

misquote

misquote misquotes misquoting misquoted
If someone is misquoted , something that they have said or written is repeated incorrectly.

- He claimed that he had been misquoted and he threatened to sue the magazine for libel.

- The case was brought by a psychoanalyst who says a journalist misquoted him in a series of magazine articles.

VB

misquote

verb

misrepresent

falsify

twist

misread

[D.J.:mɪsˈri:d]

[K.K.:mɪsˈrid]

vt.

读错,念错;对…判断错误

misreading

错译

misread

1. misread misreads misreading misread
If you misread a situation or someone's behaviour, you do not understand it properly.

- The government largely misread the mood of the electorate.

- Mothers may also misread signals and think the baby is crying because he is hungry.

VB
= misinterpret

2. misreading misreadings

- ...a misreading of opinion in France.

N-COUNT

3. misread misreads misreading misread
If you misread something that has been written or printed, you look at it and think that it says something that it does not say.

- His chauffeur misread his route and took a wrong turning.

VB

misremember

[D.J.:ˌmisriˈmembə]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsrɪˈmɛmbɚ]

vt.

记错

misremember

misremember misremembers misremembering misremembered
If you misremember something, you remember it incorrectly. (FORMAL, mainly AM)

- He proved over-confident on the witness stand, misremembering a key piece of evidence.

VB

misrepresent

[D.J.:mɪsˌreprɪˈzent]

[K.K.:mɪsˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt]

vt.

故意对…作错误的报道

misrepresentation

n.

误传

misrepresentation

[D.J.:ˈmɪsˌreprɪzenˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsr ɛprɪz ɛnˈteʃən]

n.

不实的陈述;误传;歪曲

misrepresent *

1. misrepresent misrepresents misrepresenting misrepresented
If someone misrepresents a person or situation, they give a wrong or inaccurate account of what the person or situation is like.

- He said that the press had misrepresented him as arrogant and bullying.

- Hollywood films misrepresented us as terrorists and drunks, maniacs and murderers.

- Keynes deliberately misrepresented the views of his opponents.

- The spokesman said that the extent of the current strike is being misrepresented.

VB

2. misrepresentation misrepresentations

- I wish to point out your misrepresentation of the facts.

- The programme's researchers are guilty of bias and misrepresentation.

N-VAR

misrepresent

verb

distort

disguise

falsify

misinterpret

misrule

[D.J.:ˈmisˈru:l]

[K.K.:mɪsˈrul]

vt.

施暴政

n.

暴政

misrule

misrule
If you refer to someone's government of a country as misrule , you are critical of them for governing their country badly or unfairly.

- He was arrested last December, accused of corruption and misrule.

- In the 17 years of his misrule, famines intensified and rebellions multiplied.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

misrule

noun

disorder

anarchy

chaos

confusion

lawlessness

turmoil

Miss

[mis]

n.

…小姐

女老师

小妞, 小姑娘

Miss.

abbr.

Mississippi 美国密西西比州州名

miss

[D.J.:mis]

[K.K.:mɪs]

n.

失误, 失败, 失手; 回避

vt. & vi.

未击中; 未抓住; 未达到; 未看见; 未领会…

vt.

未出席; 未赶上; 未能利用, 失掉

发现遗失

避免

想念, 惦记

missing

[D.J.:ˈmisiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmɪsɪŋ]

adj.

失掉的, 失踪的, 找不到的

miss 1 used as a title or a form of address *****

1. Miss
You use Miss in front of the name of a girl or unmarried woman when you are speaking to her or referring to her.

- It was nice talking to you, Miss Giroux.

- Miss Singleton didn't call back, did she?.

- The club was run by Miss Ivy Streeter.

N-TITLE

2. Miss Misses
In some schools, children address their women teachers as Miss . (mainly BRIT)

- `Chivers!' --- `Yes, Miss?'

N-VOC

3. Miss Misses
People sometimes address young women as Miss . (OLD-FASHIONED)

- `I wouldn't know about that, Miss,' the woman said, backing away.

N-VOC

4. Miss
Miss is used in front of the name of a place or region to refer to the young woman who has been chosen in a competition as the most beautiful woman there.

- Kappy was named Miss Hawaii in 1954.

- ...two former Miss Scotlands.

N-TITLE

miss 2 verb and noun uses ****

1. miss misses missing missed
If you miss something, you fail to hit it, for example when you have thrown something at it or you have shot a bullet at it.

- She hurled the ashtray across the room, narrowly missing my head.

- When I'd missed a few times, he suggested I rest the rifle on a rock to steady it.

VB
≠ hit

2. miss misses
Also a noun.

- After more misses, they finally put two arrows into the lion's chest.

N-COUNT

3. miss misses missing missed
In sport, if you miss a shot, you fail to get the ball in the goal, net, or hole.

- He scored four of the goals but missed a penalty.

VB

4. miss misses
Also a noun.

- Striker Alan Smith was guilty of two glaring misses.

N-COUNT

5. miss misses missing missed
If you miss something, you fail to notice it.

- From this vantage point he watched, his searching eye never missing a detail.

- It's the first thing you see as you come round the corner. You can't miss it.

- Sergeant Cobbins was an experienced officer and didn't miss much.

VB
≠ spot

6. miss misses missing missed
If you miss the meaning or importance of something, you fail to understand or appreciate it.

- Tambov had slightly missed the point.

- She seems to have missed the joke.

VB
≠ get

7. miss misses missing missed
If you miss a chance or opportunity, you fail to take advantage of it.

- Williams knew that she had missed her chance of victory.

- It was too good an opportunity to miss.

VB
≠ seize

8. miss misses missing missed
If you miss someone who is no longer with you or who has died, you feel sad and wish that they were still with you.

- Your mama and I are gonna miss you at Christmas.

- He was a gentle, sensitive, lovable man who will be missed by a host of friends.

VB

9. miss misses missing missed
If you miss something, you feel sad because you no longer have it or are no longer doing or experiencing it.

- I could happily move back into a flat if it wasn't for the fact that I'd miss my garden.

- He missed having good friends.

VB

10. miss misses missing missed
If you miss something such as a plane or train, you arrive too late to catch it.

- I had already missed my flight, and the next one wasn't until the following morning.

- He missed the last bus home.

VB
≠ catch

11. miss misses missing missed
If you miss something such as a meeting or an activity, you do not go to it or take part in it.

- It's a pity Makku and I had to miss our lesson last week.

- You won't be missing much on TV tonight apart from the usual repeats.

- `Are you coming to the show?' --- `I wouldn't miss it for the world.'

VB

12. miss
If you give something a miss , you decide not to do it or not to go to it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Do you mind if I give it a miss?

PHR: V inflects
= skip

missing ***

1. missing
If something is missing , it is not in its usual place, and you cannot find it.

- It was only an hour or so later that I discovered that my gun was missing.

- The playing cards had gone missing.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

2. missing
If a part of something is missing , it has been removed or has come off, and has not been replaced.

- Three buttons were missing from his shirt.

ADJ

3. missing
If you say that something is missing , you mean that it has not been included, and you think that it should have been.

- What is missing, however, is an internal, artistic cohesion.

- She had given me an incomplete list. One name was missing from it.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ from n

4. missing
If a member of the armed forces is missing in action , they have not returned from a battle, their body has not been found, and they are not thought to have been captured.

- Five people died in the explosion and more than one thousand were injured. One person is still missing.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

miss

verb

1.

omit

leave out

let go

overlook

pass over

skip

2.

avoid

escape

evade

3.

long for

pine for

yearn for

noun

4.

mistake

blunder

error

failure

omission

oversight

missing

adjective

absent

astray

lacking

left out

lost

mislaid

misplaced

unaccounted-for

miss out ****

1. miss out misses out; missing out; missed out
If you miss out on something that would be enjoyable or useful to you, you are not involved in it or do not take part in it.

- We're missing out on a tremendous opportunity.

- Well, I'm glad you could make it. I didn't want you to miss out.

PHR-V
= lose out

2. miss out misses out; missing out; missed out
If you miss out something or someone, you fail to include them. (BRIT; in AM use leave out )

- There should be an apostrophe here, and look, you've missed out the word `men' altogether!.

- What about Sally? You've missed her out.

PHR-V
= leave out

mis-sell

1. mis-sell mis-sells mis-selling mis-sold
To mis-sell something such as a pension or an insurance policy means to sell it to someone even though you know that it is not suitable for them.

- The company has been accused of mis-selling products to thousands of elderly investors.

VB

2. mis-selling

- ...the scandal of pensions mis-selling.

N-UNCOUNT

misshapen

[misˈʃeipən]

adj.

奇形怪状的,畸形的

misshapen

misshapen
If you describe something as misshapen , you think that it does not have a normal or natural shape.

- ...misshapen vegetables...

- Her hands were weary and misshapen by arthritis.

ADJ-GRADED

misshapen

adjective

deformed

contorted

crooked

distorted

grotesque

malformed

twisted

warped

missile

[D.J.:ˈmisail]

[K.K.:ˈmɪsəl, -ˌaɪl]

n.

导弹

投射物

missile ***

1. missile missiles
A missile is a tube-shaped weapon that travels long distances through the air and explodes when it reaches its target.

- The authorities offered to stop firing missiles if the rebels agreed to stop attacking civilian targets.

- ...nuclear missiles.

N-COUNT

2. missile missiles
Anything that is thrown as a weapon can be called a missile .

- The football supporters began throwing missiles, one of which hit the referee.

N-COUNT

missile

noun

rocket

projectile

weapon

missing link

missing link missing links
The missing link in a situation is the piece of information or evidence that you need in order to make your knowledge or understanding of something complete.

- Here was the missing link between the claims that he had murdered his wife and the reason why he had murdered her.

N-COUNT: usu sing

missing person

missing person missing persons
A missing person has suddenly left their home without telling their family where they are going, and it is not known whether they are alive or dead.

- She's tracked down over two hundred missing persons, in many cases after the police have given up.

N-COUNT

mission

[D.J.:ˈmiʃən]

[K.K.:ˈmɪʃən]

n.

使命, 任务, 天职

代表团, 使节团

mission ****

1. mission missions
A mission is an important task that people are given to do, especially one that involves travelling to another country.

- Salisbury sent him on a diplomatic mission to North America.

- He has been on a mission to help end Lebanon's political crisis.

- ...the most crucial stage of his latest peace mission.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. mission missions
A mission is a group of people who have been sent to a foreign country to carry out an official task.

- ...the head of the mission in South Africa.

- ...a senior member of a diplomatic mission.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= delegation

3. mission missions
A mission is a special journey made by a military aeroplane or space rocket.

- ...a bomber that crashed during a training mission in the west Texas mountains.

- ...the first shuttle mission.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

4. mission
If you say that you have a mission , you mean that you have a strong commitment and sense of duty to do or achieve something.

- He viewed his mission in life as protecting the weak from the evil.

- There is an enormous sense of mission in his speech and gesture.

N-SING: usu poss N, also n of N
= calling

5. mission missions
A mission is the activities of a group of Christians who have been sent to a place to teach people about Christianity.

- They say God spoke to them and told them to go on a mission to the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere.

N-COUNT

6. mission missions
A mission is a building or group of buildings in which missionary work is carried out.

- I reside at the mission at St Michael's.

- ...schools, monasteries and other mission buildings.

N-COUNT

mission

noun

task

assignment

commission

duty

errand

job

quest

undertaking

vocation

missionary

[D.J.:ˈmiʃənəri]

[K.K.:ˈmɪʃəˌnɛri]

n.

传教士

missionary *

1. missionary missionaries
A missionary is a Christian who has been sent to a foreign country to teach people about Christianity.
N-COUNT

2. missionary
Missionary is used to describe the activities of missionaries.

- You should be in missionary work.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. missionary
If you refer to someone's enthusiasm for an activity or belief as missionary zeal, you are emphasizing that they are very enthusiastic about it.

- She had a kind of missionary zeal about bringing culture to the masses.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

missionary

noun

evangelist

apostle

preacher

missionary position

missionary position
The missionary position is a position for sexual intercourse in which the man lies on top of the woman and they are facing each other.
N-SING: usu the N

mission control

mission control
Mission control is the group of people on Earth who are in charge of a flight by a spacecraft, or the place where these people work.
N-UNCOUNT

mission statement

mission statement mission statements
A company's or organization's mission statement is a document which states what they aim to achieve and the kind of service they intend to provide.
N-COUNT

missive

[D.J.:ˈmisiv]

[K.K.:ˈmɪsɪv]

n.

信件

missive

missive missives
A missive is a letter or other message that someone sends. (LITERARY or HUMOROUS)

- ...the customary missive from your dear mother.

N-COUNT
= epistle

missive

noun

letter

communication

dispatch

epistle

memorandum

message

note

report

misspell

[D.J.:mɪsˈspel]

[K.K.:mɪsˈspɛl]

vt.

拼写错

n.

拼写错误

misspelling

[D.J.:mɪsˈspelɪŋ]

[K.K.:mɪsˈspɛlɪŋ]

n.

拼错;拼错的词

misspelt

[ˌmisˈspelt]

misspell的过去式及过去分词

n.

拼写错误

misspell

1. misspell misspells misspelling misspelled or misspelt
If someone misspells a word, they spell it wrongly.

- Sorry I misspelled your last name.

VB

2. misspelling misspellings

- ...a misspelling of the writer's name.

N-COUNT

misspend

[D.J.:ˈmisˈspend]

[K.K.:mɪsˈspɛnd]

vt.

浪费

misspent

adj.

浪费的

misspend的过去式及过去分词

misspend

misspend misspends misspending misspent
If you say that time or money has been misspent , you disapprove of the way in which it has been spent.

- Much of the money was grossly misspent.

- Ruby recalled getting stoned during her misspent youth.

VB disapproval
= waste

misspent

adjective

wasted

dissipated

imprudent

profitless

squandered

misstate

[D.J.:ˈmisˈsteit]

[K.K.:mɪsˈstet]

vt.

说错,作虚伪叙述

misstate

misstate misstates misstating misstated
If you misstate something, you state it incorrectly or give false information about it. (mainly AM)

- Look at the false police reports that omitted or misstated crucial facts.

- The amount was misstated in the table because of an error by regulators.

VB

misstatement

[ˌmisˈsteitmənt]

n.

误述,虚伪陈述

misstatement

misstatement misstatements
A misstatement is an incorrect statement, or the giving of false information. (mainly AM)

- He finally corrected his misstatement and offered to reduce the fee.

- While this booklet has become an official source of information, it is filled with misstatements of fact.

N-COUNT

missus

[D.J.:ˈmɪsɪz, -ɪs]

[K.K.:ˈmɪsɪz, -ɪs]

n.

夫人；太太;老婆

missus

1. missus
Some people refer to a man's wife as his missus . (INFORMAL)

- That's what bugs my missus more than anything.

- I do a bit of shopping for the missus.

N-SING: poss/ the N also missis .
= old lady

2. missus
In some parts of Britain, people use missus as a very informal way of addressing a woman who they do not know.

- Thanks, missus.

N-VOC also missis .

mist

[D.J.:mist]

[K.K.:mɪst]

n.

薄雾

视线模糊不清

vt. & vi.

(使)蒙上薄雾, (使)模糊

mist **

1. mist mists
Mist consists of a large number of tiny drops of water in the air, which make it difficult to see very far.

- Thick mist made flying impossible.

- A bluish mist hung in the air.

- Mists and fog swirled about the road.

N-VAR

2. mist mists misting misted
If a piece of glass mists or is misted , it becomes covered with tiny drops of moisture, so that you cannot see through it easily.

- The windows misted, blurring the stark streetlight.

- The temperature in the car was misting the window.

V-ERG

3. mist over mists over; misting over; misted over
Mist over and mist up mean the same as mist .

- The front windshield was misting over.

- She stood in front of the misted-up mirror.

PHR-V-ERG

4. mist mists misting misted
If someone's eyes mist , they cannot see easily because there are tears in their eyes.

- Her eyes misted with tears.

VB

5. mist over mists over; misting over; misted over
Mist over means the same as mist .

- His eyes misted over and he started to shake.

PHR-V

mist

noun

fog

cloud

film

haze

smog

spray

steam

vapour

mistake

[D.J.:misˈteik]

[K.K.:mɪˈstek]

n.

错误, 过失, 失策

误解, 误会

vt. & vi.

弄错; 误解

vt.

认不出

mistaken

[D.J.:mɪˈsteɪkən]

[K.K.:mɪˈstekən]

adj.

(人)弄错的;理解错误的

(行动、想法、判断等)错误的

mistakenly

[D.J.:mɪˈsteɪkənlɪ]

[K.K.:mɪˈstekənlɪ]

adv.

错误地;被误解地

mistook

[D.J.:mɪˈstʊk]

[K.K.:mɪˈstʊk]

(mistake的过去式)

mistake ****

1. mistake mistakes
If you make a mistake , you do something which you did not intend to do, or which produces a result that you do not want.

- They made the big mistake of thinking they could seize its border with a relatively small force.

- I think it's a serious mistake to confuse books with life.

- Jonathan says it was his mistake.

- There must be some mistake.

- He has been arrested by mistake.

N-COUNT: oft N of -ing, also by N
= error

2. mistake mistakes
A mistake is something or part of something which is incorrect or not right.

- Her mother sighed and rubbed out another mistake in the crossword puzzle.

- Spelling mistakes are often just the result of haste.

N-COUNT
= error

3. mistake mistakes mistaking mistook mistaken
If you mistake one person or thing for another, you wrongly think that they are the other person or thing.

- I mistook you for Carlos.

- When hay fever first occurs it is often mistaken for a summer cold.

VB

4. mistake mistakes mistaking mistook mistaken
If you mistake something, you fail to recognize or understand it.

- The government completely mistook the feeling of the country.

- No one should mistake how serious the issue is.

VB
= misjudge

5. mistake
You can say there is no mistaking something when you are emphasizing that you cannot fail to recognize or understand it.

- There's no mistaking the eastern flavour of the food.

- There was no mistaking Magda's sincerity, or her pain.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n emphasis

mistaken **

1. mistaken
You use expressions such as if I'm not mistaken and unless I'm very much mistaken as a polite way of emphasizing the statement you are making, especially when you are confident that it is correct.

- I see I was mistaken about you.

- You couldn't be more mistaken, Alex. You've utterly misread the situation.

- I think he wanted to marry her, if I am not mistaken.

- Unless I'm mistaken, he didn't specify what time.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

2. mistaken
A mistaken belief or opinion is incorrect.

- I had a mistaken view of what was happening.

- ...a limited understanding of addiction and mistaken beliefs about how it can be overcome.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. mistakenly

- He says they mistakenly believed the standard licenses they held were sufficient.

ADV: ADV with v

mistook

mistook
Mistook is the past tense and past participle of mistake .

mistake

noun

1.

error

blunder

erratum

fault

faux pas

gaffe

howler informal

miscalculation

oversight

slip

verb

2.

misunderstand

misapprehend

misconstrue

misinterpret

misjudge

misread

3.

confuse with

mix up with

take for

mistaken

adjective

wrong

erroneous

false

faulty

inaccurate

incorrect

misguided

unsound

wide of the mark

mistakenly

adverb

incorrectly

by mistake

erroneously

fallaciously

falsely

inaccurately

misguidedly

wrongly

mistaken identity

mistaken identity
When someone incorrectly thinks that they have found or recognized a particular person, you refer to this as a case of mistaken identity .

- The dead men could have been the victims of mistaken identity. Their attackers may have wrongly believed them to be soldiers.

N-UNCOUNT

mister

[ˈmistə]

n.

先生

mister *

mister
Men are sometimes addressed as mister , especially by children and especially when the person talking to them does not know their name. (INFORMAL)

- Look, Mister, we know our job, so don't try to tell us what to do.

N-VOC

mistime

[D.J.:mɪsˈtaɪm]

[K.K.:mɪsˈtaɪm]

vt.

在不适宜的时候说或做

mistimed

[D.J.:ˌmɪsˈtaɪmd]

[K.K.: mɪsˈtaɪmd]

adj.

时间错误的；不合时宜的

mistiming

[ˈmisˈtaimiŋ]

n.

误时

mistime

mistime mistimes mistiming mistimed
If you mistime something, you do it at the wrong time, so that it is not successful.

- You're bound to mistime a tackle every so often.

- ...a certain mistimed comment.

VB

mistimed

adjective

inopportune

badly timed

ill-timed

untimely

mistletoe

[D.J.:ˈmisltəu]

[K.K.:ˈmɪsəlˌto]

n.

槲寄生

mistletoe

mistletoe
Mistletoe is a plant with pale berries that grows on the branches of some trees. Mistletoe is used in Britain and the United States as a Christmas decoration, and people often kiss under it.
N-UNCOUNT

mistreat

[D.J.:mɪsˈtri:t]

[K.K.:mɪsˈtrit]

vt.

虐待

mistreatment

n.

mistreatment

[D.J.:mɪsˈtri:tmənt]

[K.K.:mɪsˈtritmənt]

n.

虐待

mistreat

mistreat mistreats mistreating mistreated
If someone mistreats a person or an animal, they treat them badly, especially by making them suffer physically.

- ...a lad who mistreats a horse...

- She has been mistreated by men in the past.

VB
= ill-treat

mistreat

verb

abuse

harm

ill-treat

injure

knock about or around

maltreat

manhandle

misuse

molest

mistreatment

mistreatment
Mistreatment of a person or animal is cruel behaviour towards them, especially by making them suffer physically.

- ...issues like police brutality and mistreatment of people in prisons.

N-UNCOUNT
= maltreatment

mistress

[D.J.:ˈmistris]

[K.K.:ˈmɪstrɪs]

n.

主妇, 女主人

情妇

mistress **

1. mistress mistresses
A married man's mistress is a woman who is not his wife and with whom he is having a sexual relationship. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- She was his mistress for three years.

- He has a wife and a mistress.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

2. mistress mistresses
A mistress is a female teacher. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- My history mistress was extremely helpful.

N-COUNT: usu n N
= teacher

3. mistress mistresses
A servant's mistress is the woman that he or she works for. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- It must be really bad, for her to ignore a summons from her mistress!

N-COUNT: usu with poss

4. mistress mistresses
A dog's mistress is the woman or girl who owns it.

- The huge wolfhound danced in circles around his mistress.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

5. mistress
If a woman is mistress of a situation, she has complete control over it.

- She had always been mistress of her own destiny.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, usu N of n

6. mistress mistresses
If you say that a woman is a mistress of a particular activity, you mean that she is very skilled at it.

- She is a mistress of disguise.

- ...another winner from the mistress of historical romance.

N-COUNT: N of n
= queen

mistress

noun

lover

concubine

girlfriend

kept woman

paramour

mistrial

[D.J.:ˈmisˈtraiəl]

[K.K.:mɪsˈtraɪəl, -ˈtraɪl]

n.

无效审判

mistrial

1. mistrial mistrials
A mistrial is a legal trial that is conducted unfairly, for example because not all the evidence is considered, so that there must be a new trial.

- The past has been scarred by countless mistrials and perversions of justice.

N-COUNT

2. mistrial mistrials
A mistrial is a legal trial which ends without a verdict, for example because the jury cannot agree on one. (AM)

- The judge said he would declare a mistrial if the jury did not reach its verdict today.

N-COUNT

mistrust

[D.J.:mɪsˈtrʌst]

[K.K.:mɪsˈtrʌst]

vt.

不信任

n.

不信任

mistrust *

1. mistrust
Mistrust is the feeling that you have towards someone who you do not trust.

- There was mutual mistrust between the two men.

- ...a deep mistrust of state banks.

N-UNCOUNT
= distrust

2. mistrust mistrusts mistrusting mistrusted
If you mistrust someone or something, you do not trust them.

- It frequently appears that Bell mistrusts all journalists.

VB
= distrust

mistrust

verb

1.

doubt

be wary of

distrust

fear

suspect

noun

2.

suspicion

distrust

doubt

misgiving

scepticism

uncertainty

wariness

mistrustful

[D.J.:mɪsˈtrʌstfʊl]

adj.

不信任的;不相信的

mistrustfully

adv.

mistrustful

mistrustful
If you are mistrustful of someone, you do not trust them.

- He had always been mistrustful of women.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of n
= distrustful

mistrustful

adjective

suspicious

chary

cynical

distrustful

doubtful

fearful

hesitant

sceptical

uncertain

wary

misty

[D.J.:ˈmɪsti:]

[K.K.:ˈmɪsti]

adj.

多雾的,被雾笼罩的

misty *

misty
On a misty day, there is a lot of mist in the air.

- It's a bit misty this morning.

- The air was cold and misty.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ

misty

adjective

foggy

blurred

cloudy

dim

hazy

indistinct

murky

obscure

opaque

overcast

misty-eyed

misty-eyed
If you say that something makes you misty-eyed , you mean that it makes you feel so happy or sentimental, especially about the past, that you feel as if you are going to cry.

- They got misty-eyed listening to records of Ruby Murray singing `Danny Boy'.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= soppy gooey

misunderstand

[D.J.:ˌmisʌndəˈstænd]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsʌndɚˈstænd]

vt.

误会, 误解

misunderstanding

[D.J.:ˌmɪsʌndəˈstændɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsʌndɚˈstændɪŋ]

n.

误解, 误会

misunderstood

[D.J.:ˌmisʌndəˈstud]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsʌndɚˈstʊd]

misunderstand的过去式和过去分词

misunderstand *

misunderstand misunderstands misunderstanding misunderstood
You can say don't misunderstand me when you want to correct a wrong impression that you think someone may have got about what you are saying.

- They have simply misunderstood what rock and roll is.

- Maybe I misunderstood you.

- I'm not saying what he did was good, don't misunderstand me.

CONVENTION
See also misunderstood .

misunderstanding *

1. misunderstanding misunderstandings
A misunderstanding is a failure to understand something properly, for example a situation or a person's remarks.

- There has been some misunderstanding of our publishing aims.

- Tell your midwife what you want so she can make a note of it and avoid misunderstandings.

N-VAR

2. misunderstanding misunderstandings
You can refer to a disagreement or slight quarrel as a misunderstanding . (FORMAL)

- ...a little misunderstanding with the police.

- ...a misunderstanding between friends.

N-COUNT
= disagreement

misunderstood *

1. misunderstood
Misunderstood is the past tense and past participle of misunderstand .

2. misunderstood
If you describe someone or something as misunderstood , you mean that people do not understand them and have a wrong impression or idea of them.

- Eric is very badly misunderstood.

- The cost of capital is widely misunderstood.

- ...a misunderstood genius.

ADJ-GRADED

misunderstand

verb

misinterpret

be at cross-purposes

get the wrong end of the stick

misapprehend

misconstrue

misjudge

misread

mistake

misunderstanding

noun

mistake

error

misconception

misinterpretation

misjudgment

mix-up

misuse

[D.J.:mɪsˈju:z]

[K.K.:mɪsˈjuz]

vt.

使用…不当;把…派作不正当的用途

虐待;滥用

[D.J.:ˌmɪsˈju:s]

[K.K.:ˌmɪsˈjus]

n.

用错,滥用

misuser

n.

误用者

misuser

[D.J.:ˈmisju:zə]

[K.K.:mɪsˈjuzɚ]

n.

误用者;虐待者;(自由权、特权、财产等的)滥用者

misuse *

1. misuse misuses
The misuse of something is incorrect, careless, or dishonest use of it.

- ...the misuse of power and privilege.

- ...a misuse of public funds...

- The effectiveness of this class of drug has, however, lead to their misuse.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N of n

2. misuse misuses misusing misused
If someone misuses something, they use it incorrectly, carelessly, or dishonestly.

- You are protected instantly if a thief misuses your credit card.

- She misused her position in the appointment of 26,000 party supporters to government jobs.

VB

misuse

noun

1.

waste

abuse

desecration

misapplication

squandering

verb

2.

waste

abuse

desecrate

misapply

prostitute

squander

mite

[D.J.:maɪt]

[K.K.:maɪt]

n.

螨

(尤指令人怜悯的)小孩

一点点

一文钱

mite *

1. mite
A mite means to a small extent or degree. It is sometimes used to make a statement less extreme.

- I can't help feeling just a mite uneasy about it.

- `I've got a copy,' I said, a mite shamefacedly.

PHR: PHR adj/adv
= a bit a touch

2. mite mites
Mites are very tiny creatures that live on plants, for example, or in animals' fur.

- ...an itching skin disorder caused by parasitic mites.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. mite mites
If you refer to a small child as a poor little mite , you mean that you feel sorry for them. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The poor mite was so ill.

N-COUNT: adj N

mitigate

[D.J.:ˈmɪtˌɪgeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈmɪtˌɪɡet]

vt.

减轻, 缓和

mitigate *

mitigate mitigates mitigating mitigated
To mitigate something means to make it less unpleasant, serious, or painful. (FORMAL)

- ...ways of mitigating the effects of an explosion...

- The cost of getting there is mitigated by Sydney's offer of a subsidy.

VB
= alleviate

mitigating

mitigating
Mitigating circumstances or factors make a bad action, especially a crime, easier to understand and excuse, and may result in the person responsible being punished less severely. (FORMAL or LEGAL)

- The judge found that in her case there were mitigating circumstances.

- There are various mitigating factors.

ADJ: ADJ n

mitigate

verb

ease

extenuate

lessen

lighten

moderate

soften

subdue

temper

mitigation

[ˌmitiˈɡeiʃən]

n.

缓解,减轻,平静

mitigation

1. mitigation
If someone, especially in a court, is told something in mitigation , they are told something that makes a crime or fault easier to understand and excuse. (FORMAL)

- Kieran Coonan QC told the judge in mitigation that the offences had been at the lower end of the scale.

- In mitigation, it should be pointed out that there wasn't much incentive to make world-beating wine.

PHR: PHR with cl

2. mitigation
Mitigation is a reduction in the unpleasantness, seriousness, or painfulness of something. (FORMAL)

- ...the mitigation or cure of a physical or mental condition.

N-UNCOUNT
= alleviation

mitigation

noun

relief

alleviation

diminution

extenuation

moderation

remission

mitt

[D.J.:mit]

[K.K.:mɪt]

n.

露指手套,棒球手套,拳击手套

mitt

1. mitt mitts
Mitts are the same as mittens . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. mitt mitts
You can refer to a person's hands as their mitts . (INFORMAL)

- I pressed a dime into his grubby mitt.

N-COUNT
= paw

3. mitt mitts
A baseball mitt is a large glove worn by a player whose job involves catching the ball.
N-COUNT: usu supp N
= glove

mitten

[D.J.:ˈmɪtn]

[K.K.:ˈmɪtn..]

n.

连指手套;露指手套

mitten

mitten mittens
Mittens are gloves which have one section that covers your thumb and another section that covers your four fingers together.
N-COUNT: usu pl

mix

[D.J.:miks]

[K.K.:mɪks]

vt. & vi.

混合, 搅和

(使)结交, (使)交往

n.

混合, 结合

食物混合配料

mixed

[D.J.:mɪkst]

[K.K.:mɪkst]

adj.

混合的,混杂的,混淆的

男女混合的

be a mixed bag/bunch

大杂烩； 五花八门的人( 或物)；混合体

be/get mixed up in sth

卷入(尤指非法或不正当的事)；与某事有牵连

be/get mixed up with sb

与(不正当的人)交往；和某人鬼混

have (got) mixed feelings (about sb/sth)

感情复杂；爱恨交加；悲喜交集

a mixed blessing

福祸参半的事物；利弊并存的事物

mixing

[ˈmiksiŋ]

n.

混合,混频

mix ****

1. mix mixes mixing mixed
If two substances mix or if you mix one substance with another, you stir or shake them together, or combine them in some other way, so that they become a single substance.

- Oil and water don't mix.

- It mixes easily with cold or hot water to make a tasty, filling drink.

- A quick stir will mix them thoroughly.

- Mix the cinnamon with the rest of the sugar.

- Mix the ingredients together slowly.

V-RECIP-ERG

2. mixing

- This final part of the mixing is done slowly and delicately.

N-UNCOUNT

3. mix mixes mixing mixed
If you mix something, you prepare it by mixing other things together.

- He had spent several hours mixing cement.

- Are you sure I can't mix you a drink?

VB

4. mix mixes
A mix is a powder containing all the substances that you need in order to make something such as a cake or a sauce. When you want to use it, you add liquid.

- For speed we used packets of pizza dough mix.

- It was a packet mix.

N-VAR: usu supp N

5. mix mixes
A mix of different things or people is two or more of them together.

- The story is a magical mix of fantasy and reality.

- We get a very representative mix of people.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp
= mixture

6. mix mixes mixing mixed
If two things or activities do not mix , it is not a good idea to have them or do them together, because the result would be unpleasant or dangerous.

- Politics and sport don't mix.

- ...some of these pills that don't mix with drink...

- Ted managed to mix business with pleasure.

- The military has accused the clergy of mixing religion and politics.

V-RECIP-ERG: usu with brd-neg

7. mix mixes mixing mixed
If you mix with other people, you meet them and talk to them. You can also say that people mix .

- I ventured the idea that the secret of staying young was to mix with older people.

- People are supposed to mix, do you understand?.

- When you came away you made a definite effort to mix.

V-RECIP
= socialize

8. mix mixes mixing mixed
When a record producer mixes a piece of music, he or she puts together the various sounds that have been recorded in order to make the finished record.

- They've been mixing tracks for a new album due out later this year.

VB

9. mixing

- Final mixing should be completed by the end of this week.

N-UNCOUNT

10. mix
If you say that someone mixes it , or in American English mixes it up , you mean that they often fight or argue strongly about things. (INFORMAL)

- Stewart has developed a tendency to mix it verbally with the opposition.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR with n

mixed ***

1. mixed
If you have mixed feelings about something or someone, you feel uncertain about them because you can see both good and bad points about them.

- I came home from the meeting with mixed feelings.

- There has been a very mixed reaction to the decision.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. mixed
A mixed group of people consists of people of many different types.

- I found a very mixed group of individuals some of whom I could relate to and others with whom I had very little in common.

- The community is very mixed, not least because there are plenty of small industrial enterprises.

ADJ-GRADED

3. mixed
Mixed is used to describe something that involves people from two or more different races.

- ...a woman of mixed race...

- She had attended a racially mixed school.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. mixed
Mixed education or accommodation is intended for both males and females.

- Girls who have always been at a mixed school know how to stand up for themselves.

- The spa has 6 indoor pools, 2 for women only, 2 for men only, and 2 for mixed bathing.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= co-ed

5. mixed
Mixed is used to describe something which includes or consists of different things of the same general kind.

- ...a small mixed salad...

- The mixed forest is cut commercially but is also carefully conserved to look good.

- ...a teaspoon of mixed herbs.

ADJ: ADJ n

mix

verb

1.

combine

blend

cross

fuse

intermingle

interweave

join

jumble

merge

mingle

2.

socialize

associate

consort

fraternize

hang out informal

hobnob

mingle

noun

3.

mixture

alloy

amalgam

assortment

blend

combination

compound

fusion

medley

mixed

adjective

1.

combined

amalgamated

blended

composite

compound

joint

mingled

united

2.

varied

assorted

cosmopolitan

diverse

heterogeneous

miscellaneous

motley

mix up ****

1. mix up mixes up; mixing up; mixed up
If you mix up two things or people, you confuse them, so that you think that one of them is the other one.

- People often mix me up with other actors.

- Depressed people may mix up their words.

- Any time you told one of them something, they'd swear you'd mixed them up and told the other.

PHR-V
= muddle up confuse

2. mix up mixes up; mixing up; mixed up
If you mix up a number of things, you put things of different kinds together or place things so that they are not in order.

- I like to mix up designer clothes.

- Part of the plan was that the town should not fall into office, industrial and residential zones, but mix the three up together.

- This is music from a different era. I've taken those sounds from childhood and mixed them up with other things.

PHR-V

mixed up *

1. mixed up
If you are mixed up , you are confused, often because of emotional or social problems.

- I think he's a rather mixed up kid.

- I get mixed up about times and places.

ADJ-GRADED
= confused muddled

2. mixed up
To be mixed up in something bad, or with someone you disapprove of, means to be involved in it or with them.

- How could David be mixed up in a murder?.

- Why did I ever get mixed up with you?

ADJ: v-link ADJ in/with n
= involved

mix up

verb

1.

combine

blend

mix

2.

confuse

confound

muddle

mixed ability

mixed ability
A mixed ability class or teaching system is one in which pupils are taught together in the same class, even though their abilities are different. (BRIT)

- In nearly all British state junior schools, children learn in mixed ability classes.

- ...mixed ability teaching.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

mixed bag

mixed bag
If you describe a situation or a group of things or people as a mixed bag , you mean that it contains some good items, features, or people and some bad ones.

- Research on athletes and ordinary human subjects has yielded a mixed bag of results.

- This autumn's collections are a very mixed bag.

N-SING: usu a N, oft N of n

mixed doubles

mixed doubles
In some sports, such as tennis and badminton, mixed doubles is a match in which a man and a woman play as partners against another man and woman.

- Vic Seixas and Doris Hart won the mixed doubles.

- ...the mixed doubles final.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N

mixed economy

mixed economy mixed economies
A mixed economy is an economic system in which some companies are owned by the state and some are not.
N-COUNT

mixed marriage

mixed marriage mixed marriages
A mixed marriage is a marriage between two people who are not of the same race or religion.
N-COUNT

mixer

[D.J.:ˈmɪksə]

[K.K.:ˈmɪksɚ]

n.

搅拌器,混合器

调酒(尤指烈性酒)用的饮料

调音师

a good/bad mixer

善于/不善于交际的人

mixer *

1. mixer mixers
A mixer is a machine used for mixing things together.

- ...an electric mixer.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
See also cement mixer , food mixer .

2. mixer mixers
A mixer is a non-alcoholic drink such as fruit juice that you mix with strong alcohol such as gin.
N-COUNT

3. mixer mixers
If you say that someone is a good mixer , you mean that they are good at talking to people and making friends.

- Cooper was a good mixer, he was popular.

N-COUNT: adj N

4. mixer mixers
A mixer is a piece of equipment that is used to make changes to recorded music or film.

- ...a three channel audio mixer.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

mixing bowl

mixing bowl mixing bowls
A mixing bowl is a large bowl used for mixing ingredients.
N-COUNT

mixture

[D.J.:ˈmikstʃə]

[K.K.:ˈmɪkstʃɚ]

n.

混合物

混杂的事物[人群]

混合(状态)

mixture ***

1. mixture
A mixture of things consists of several different things together.

- They looked at him with a mixture of horror, envy, and awe.

- ...a mixture of spiced, grilled vegetables served cold.

N-SING: usu N of pl-n
= combination

2. mixture mixtures
A mixture is a substance that consists of other substances which have been stirred or shaken together.

- Prepare the gravy mixture.

- ...a mixture of water and sugar and salt.

N-COUNT: oft supp N, N of n
= mix

See also cough mixture .

mixture

noun

blend

amalgam

assortment

brew

compound

fusion

jumble

medley

mix

potpourri

variety

mix-up

n.

混乱,混战

mix-up

mix-up mix-ups
A mix-up is a mistake or a failure in something that was planned. (INFORMAL)

- I'm sure it was just some sort of mix-up.

- ...a mix-up over travel arrangements.

N-COUNT

mix-up

noun

confusion

mess

mistake

misunderstanding

muddle

tangle

Mk *

Mk
Mk is a written abbreviation for mark . Mk is used to refer to a particular model or design of a car or machine.

- ...a 1974 white MG Midget Mk 3.

ml

abbr.

Mali 马里

ml.

abbr.

milliliter 毫升

ml *

ml
ml is a written abbreviation for millilitre or millilitres .

- Boil the sugar and 100 ml of water.

MLA

abbr.

Mixed Lead Alkyl 混合烷基铅(抗爆剂)

MLA

abbr.

Mixed Lead Alkyl 混合烷基铅(抗爆剂)

MLA

1. MLA MLAs
In Australia and some other countries, an MLA is a person who has been elected as a member of parliament. MLA is an abbreviation for `member of the legislative assembly'.
N-COUNT

2. MLA is written after someone's name to indicate that they have been elected as an MLA.

- ...Mrs M Rose, MLA.

mm

abbr.

=megameter

=millimeter

=millimicron

mm.

abbr.

millimeter 毫米

mm ***

mm
mm is an abbreviation for millimetre or millimetres .

- ...a 135mm lens.

- ...0.25mm of rain.

mnemonic

[D.J.:ni(:)ˈmɔnik(əl)]

[K.K.:nɪˈmɑnɪk]

adj.

记忆的,记忆术的

mnemonics

[D.J.:nɪˈmɔnɪks]

[K.K.:nɪˈmɑnɪks]

n.

记忆术;记忆法

mnemonic

mnemonic mnemonics
A mnemonic is a word, short poem, or sentence that is intended to help you remember things such as scientific rules or spelling rules. For example, `i before e, except after c' is a mnemonic to help people remember how to spell words like `believe' and `receive'.

- Like many mnemonic devices these depend for effect upon their bizarreness.

N-COUNT: oft N n
= memory aid

mo

[D.J.:məʊ]

[K.K.:mo]

mo

mo
A mo is a very short length of time. It is short for moment . (BRIT, INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- Hang on a mo.

N-SING: a N
= sec tick

moan

[D.J.:məun]

[K.K.:mon]

vt. & vi.

呻吟; 悲叹

抱怨

n.

呻吟声

抱怨

moan **

1. moan moans moaning moaned
If you moan , you make a low sound, usually because you are unhappy or in pain.

- Tony moaned in his sleep and then turned over on his side.

- `My head, my head,' he moaned. `I can't see.'

VB
= groan

2. moan moans
Also a noun.

- Suddenly she gave a low, choking moan and began to tremble violently.

- ...her moan of sorrow.

N-COUNT

3. moan moans moaning moaned
To moan means to complain or speak in a way which shows that you are very unhappy.

- I used to moan if I didn't get at least six hours' sleep at night.

- ...moaning about the weather...

- They moan on a lot about money.

- Meg moans, `I hated it!'.

- The gardener was moaning that he had another garden to do later that morning.

VB disapproval
= complain whinge

4. moan moans
A moan is a complaint. (INFORMAL)

- They have been listening to people's gripes, moans and praise.

N-COUNT

5. moan
If you have a moan , you complain about something. (INFORMAL)

- You can go see him and have a good old moan.

PHR: V inflects

6. moan moans
A moan is a low noise. (LITERARY)

- ...the occasional moan of the wind round the corners of the house.

- ...the moan of distant traffic.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

moan

noun

1.

groan

lament

sigh

sob

wail

whine

2.

grumble

complaint

gripe informal

grouch informal

grouse

protest

whine

verb

3.

groan

lament

sigh

sob

whine

4.

grumble

bleat

carp

complain

groan

grouse

whine

whinge informal

moaner

moaner moaners
If you refer to someone as a moaner , you are critical of them because they often complain about things. (INFORMAL)

- Film critics are dreadful moaners.

N-COUNT disapproval
= whinger

moat

[D.J.:məʊt]

[K.K.:mot]

n.

(古时城堡为了防御而在四周挖的)壕沟,护城河

(现代动物园为防止动物逃跑而在场地四周挖的)深沟

moat *

moat moats
A moat is a deep, wide channel dug round a place such as a castle and filled with water, in order to protect the place from attack.
N-COUNT

mob

[D.J.:mɔb]

[K.K.:mɑb]

n.

暴徒

vt.

聚众包围

mobbing

聚扰

mob **

1. mob mobs
A mob is a large, disorganized, and often violent crowd of people.

- Bottles and cans were hurled on the terraces by the mob.

- The inspectors watched a growing mob of demonstrators gathering.

N-COUNT

2. mob
People sometimes use the mob to refer in a disapproving way to the majority of people in a country or place, especially when these people are behaving in a violent or uncontrolled way.

- If they continue like this there is a danger of the mob taking over.

- They have been exercising what amounts to mob rule.

N-SING: the N, N n disapproval

3. mob
You can refer to the people involved in organized crime as the Mob . (INFORMAL)

- ...casinos that the Mob had operated...

- It was a Mob killing.

N-SING: usu the N, N n

4. mob mobs mobbing mobbed
If you say that someone is being mobbed by a crowd of people, you mean that the people are trying to talk to them or get near them in an enthusiastic or threatening way.

- Her car was mobbed by the media.

- They found themselves being mobbed in the street for autographs.

VB: usu passive

mob

noun Informal

1.

crowd

drove

flock

horde

host

mass

multitude

pack

swarm

throng

2.

gang

crew informal

group

lot

set

verb

3.

surround

crowd around

jostle

set upon

swarm around

mobile

[D.J.:ˈməubail]

[K.K.:moˈbil, ˈmoˌbil]

adj.

可迅速转动的, 易于移动的

车载的; 流动的

有交通工具的

mobility

[D.J.:məʊˈbɪlɪti:]

[K.K.:moˈbɪliti]

n.

流动性;移动性;<社>流动

机动性

<物>迁移率

mobile ***

1. mobile
You use mobile to describe something large that can be moved easily from place to place.

- ...special mobile units where men can have their fingerprints taken and donate a specimen of blood.

- ...the four hundred seat mobile theatre.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. mobile
If you are mobile , you can move or travel easily from place to place, for example because you are not physically disabled or because you have your own transport.

- I'm still very mobile.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

3. mobility

- Two cars gave them the freedom and mobility to go their separate ways.

N-UNCOUNT

4. mobile
In a mobile society, people move easily from one job, home, or social class to another.

- We're a very mobile society, and people move after they get divorced.

- ...young, mobile professionals.

ADJ-GRADED

5. mobility

- Prior to the nineteenth century, there were almost no channels of social mobility.

N-UNCOUNT

6. mobile
If someone has a mobile face, the expression on their face changes quickly as their feelings change.

- Robyn had the more mobile, more expressive face.

ADJ-GRADED

7. mobile mobiles
A mobile is a decoration which you hang from a ceiling. It usually consists of several small objects which move as the air around them moves.
N-COUNT

8. mobile mobiles
A mobile is the same as a mobile phone .
N-COUNT

mobile

adjective Slang

movable

itinerant

moving

peripatetic

portable

travelling

wandering

mobile home *

mobile home mobile homes
A mobile home is a large caravan that people live in and that usually remains in the same place, but which can be pulled to another place using a car or van.
N-COUNT
= trailer

mobile phone *

mobile phone mobile phones
A mobile phone is a telephone that you can carry with you and use to make or receive calls wherever you are. (BRIT; in AM use cellular phone or cellphone )
N-COUNT
= cellular phone

mobilization

[ˌməubilaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

动员

mobilize

[D.J.:ˈməubilaiz]

[K.K.:ˈmobəˌlaɪz]

vt. & vi.

动员起来, 调动, 鼓动起

mobilize **

1. mobilize mobilizes mobilizing mobilized
If you mobilize support or mobilize people to do something, you succeed in encouraging people to take action, especially political action. If people mobilize , they prepare to take action.

- The best hope is that we will mobilize international support and get down to action.

- The purpose of the journey is to mobilise public opinion on the controversial issue.

- Faced with crisis, people mobilized.

V-ERG (BRIT) also mobilise

2. mobilization

- ...the rapid mobilization of international opinion in support of the revolution.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. mobilize mobilizes mobilizing mobilized
If you mobilize resources, you start to use them or make them available for use.

- If you could mobilize the resources, you could get it done.

VB (BRIT) also mobilise
= marshal

4. mobilization

- ...the mobilisation of resources for education.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

5. mobilize mobilizes mobilizing mobilized
If a country mobilizes , or mobilizes its armed forces, or if its armed forces mobilize , they are given orders to prepare for a conflict. (MILITARY or JOURNALISM)

- Sudan even threatened to mobilize in response to the ultimatums.

- India is now in a better position to mobilise its forces.

- It means that their whole army will mobilize.

V-ERG (BRIT) also mobilise

6. mobilization

- ...a demand for full-scale mobilisation to defend the republic.

N-UNCOUNT

mobilize

verb

prepare

activate

call to arms

call up

get or make ready

marshal

organize

rally

ready

mobster

[D.J.:ˈmɔbstə]

[K.K.:ˈmɑbstɚ]

n.

〈美俚〉犯罪集团成员,匪徒,歹徒

mobster

mobster mobsters
A mobster is someone who is a member of an organized group of violent criminals.
N-COUNT
= gangster

moccasin

[D.J.:ˈmɔkəsɪn]

[K.K.:ˈmɑkəsɪn]

n.

(原为北美印第安人穿的无后跟)软皮平底鞋,莫卡辛鞋

moccasin

moccasin moccasins
Moccasins are soft leather shoes which have a low heel and a raised join round the top of the front part.
N-COUNT

mock

[D.J.:mɔk]

[K.K.:mɑk]

vt. & vi.

愚弄; 嘲弄

vt.

使受挫折

adj.

仿制的; 模拟的

mocking

[D.J.:ˈmɔkɪŋ]

[K.K.: ˈmɑkɪŋ]

adj.

嘲弄的

mockingly

[D.J.:ˈm ɔkɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈm ɑkɪ ŋlɪ]

adv.

嘲弄地;取笑地

mock **

1. mock mocks mocking mocked
If someone mocks you, they show or pretend that they think you are foolish or inferior, for example by saying something funny about you, or by imitating your behaviour.

- I thought you were mocking me.

- I distinctly remember mocking the idea.

- `I'm astonished, Benjamin,' she mocked.

VB

2. mock
You use mock to describe something which is not real or genuine, but which is intended to be very similar to the real thing.

- `It's tragic!' swoons Jeffrey in mock horror.

- One of them was subjected to a mock execution.

- ...a mock Tudor mansion.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. mock mocks
Mocks are practice exams that you take as part of your preparation for real exams. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She went from a D in her mocks to a B in the real thing.

N-COUNT: usu pl

mocking *

1. mocking
A mocking expression or mocking behaviour indicates that you think someone or something is stupid or inferior.

- She gave a mocking smile.

- Behind the mocking laughter lurks a growing sense of unease.

ADJ-GRADED
= scornful derisive

2. mockingly

- `Isn't that sweet?' he says mockingly.

ADV-GRADED

mock

verb

1.

laugh at

deride

jeer

make fun of

poke fun at

ridicule

scoff

scorn

sneer

taunt

tease

2.

mimic

ape

caricature

imitate

lampoon

parody

satirize

send up Brit. informal

adjective

3.

imitation

artificial

dummy

fake

false

feigned

phoney or phony informal

pretended

sham

spurious

mocking

adjective

scornful

contemptuous

derisive

disdainful

disrespectful

sarcastic

sardonic

satirical

scoffing

mockery

[D.J.:ˈmɔkəri:]

[K.K.:ˈmɑkəri]

n.

嘲笑, 愚弄

可鄙的东西, 无价值的事物

make a mockery of sth

取笑；愚弄；嘲笑

mockery *

1. mockery
If someone mocks you, you can refer to their behaviour or attitude as mockery .

- Was there a glint of mockery in his eyes?.

- There should be no snobbish mockery of catering or fashion design as university subjects.

N-UNCOUNT
= ridicule

2. mockery
If something makes a mockery of something, it makes it appear worthless and foolish.

- This action makes a mockery of the Government's continuing protestations of concern.

- The present system is a mockery of justice.

N-SING

mockery

noun

1.

derision

contempt

disdain

disrespect

insults

jeering

ridicule

scoffing

scorn

2.

farce

apology informal

disappointment

joke

letdown

mockingbird

[D.J.:ˈmɔkiŋbə:d]

[K.K.:ˈmɑkɪŋˌbɚd]

n.

嘲鸟(善鸣叫,并能模仿别种鸟的叫声,故名)

mockingbird

mockingbird mockingbirds
A mockingbird is a grey bird with a long tail which is found in North America. Mockingbirds are able to copy the songs of other birds.
N-COUNT

mock-up

[D.J.:ˈmɔkʌp]

[K.K.:ˈmɑkˌʌp]

n.

实验或教学用的实物大模型,伪装工事

mock-up

mock-up mock-ups
A mock-up of something such as a machine or building is a model of it which is used in tests or to show people what it will look like.

- There's a mock-up of the high street where the Goodwins go shopping.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= model

mod

[mɔd]

n.

摩德[登]派青少年

mod.

适度的,稳健的

mod *

mod mods
Mods are young people in Britain who wear a special kind of neat clothes, ride motor scooters, and like soul music. Many young people were mods in the early 1960s.
N-COUNT

modal

[D.J.:ˈməʊdl]

[K.K.:ˈmodl..]

<语法>情态动词

modal

modal modals
In grammar, a modal or a modal auxiliary is a word such as `can' or `would' which is used with a main verb to express ideas such as possibility, intention, or necessity. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

mod cons

mod cons
Mod cons are the modern facilities in a house that make it easy and pleasant to live in. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The house is spacious with all mod cons, handy for the station and has a garden.

N-PLURAL

mode

[D.J.:məud]

[K.K.:mod]

n.

方式, 样式

样式, 风格

mode **

1. mode modes
A mode of life or behaviour is a particular way of living or behaving. (FORMAL)

- ...the capitalist mode of production...

- He switched automatically into interview mode.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

2. mode modes
A mode is a particular style in art, literature, or dress.

- ...a slightly more elegant and formal mode of dress...

- Levi is best known for work in a very different mode from what is to be found here.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= style

3. mode modes
On some cameras or electronic devices, the different modes available are the different programs or settings that you can choose when you use them.

- ...when the camera is in manual mode.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

mode

noun

1.

method

form

manner

procedure

process

style

system

technique

way

2.

fashion

craze

look

rage

style

trend

vogue

model

[D.J.:ˈmɔdəl]

[K.K.:ˈmɑdl]

n.

模型

设计, 型号

模式

模范

模特儿

vt. & vi.

做模特儿

制作模型; 塑造

vt.

模仿; 仿制

modelling

模化

model ****

1. model models
A model of an object is a physical representation that shows what it looks like or how it works. The model is often smaller than the object it represents.

- ...an architect's model of a wooden house.

- ...a working scale model of the whole Bay Area...

- I made a model out of paper and glue.

N-COUNT: oft N of n (AM) modeling , modeled
= replica mock-up

2. model
Also an adjective.

- I had made a model aeroplane.

- ...a model railway.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) modeling , modeled

3. model models
A model is a system that is being used and that people might want to copy in order to achieve similar results. (FORMAL)

- We believe that this is a general model of managerial activity.

- ...the Chinese model of economic reform.

N-COUNT: with supp (AM) modeling , modeled

4. model models
A model of a system or process is a theoretical description that can help you understand how the system or process works, or how it might work. (TECHNICAL or FORMAL)

- Darwin eventually put forward a model of biological evolution.

- He proposed a model of stress reaction in the body.

N-COUNT: usu with supp (AM) modeling , modeled

5. model models modelling modelled
If someone such as a scientist models a system or process, they make an accurate theoretical description of it in order to understand or explain how it works. (TECHNICAL or FORMAL)

- ...the mathematics needed to model a nonlinear system like an atmosphere.

VB (AM) modeling , modeled

6. model models
If you say that someone or something is a model of a particular quality, you are showing approval of them because they have that quality to a large degree.

- A model of good manners, he has conquered any inward fury.

- His marriage and family life is a model of propriety.

N-COUNT: N of n (AM) modeling , modeled approval

7. model
You use model to express approval of someone when you think that they perform their role or duties extremely well.

- As a girl she had been a model pupil.

- Hospital staff say he is a model patient.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) modeling , modeled approval
= exemplary

8. model models modelling modelled
If one thing is modelled on another, the first thing is made so that it is like the second thing in some way.

- The quota system was modelled on those operated in America and continental Europe.

- The program will be modeled after a popular BBC series called `The Archers'.

- She asked the author if she had modelled her hero on anybody in particular.

VB (AM) modeling , modeled

9. model models modelling modelled
If you model yourself on someone, you copy the way that they do things, because you admire them and want to be like them.

- There's absolutely nothing wrong in modelling yourself on an older woman.

- They will tend to model their behaviour on the teacher's behaviour.

VB (AM) modeling , modeled

10. model models
A particular model of a machine is a particular version of it.

- To keep the cost down, opt for a basic model.

- The model number is 1870/285.

N-COUNT: usu supp N (AM) modeling , modeled
= version

11. model models
An artist's model is a person who stays still in a particular position so that the artist can make a picture or sculpture of them.
N-COUNT (AM) modeling , modeled
= sitter

12. model models modelling modelled
If someone models for an artist, they stay still in a particular position so that the artist can make a picture or sculpture of them.

- Tullio has been modelling for Sandra for eleven years.

VB (AM) modeling , modeled
= pose

13. model models
A fashion model is a person whose job is to display clothes by wearing them.

- ...Paris's top photographic fashion model.

N-COUNT (AM) modeling , modeled

14. model models modelling modelled
If someone models clothes, they display them by wearing them.

- I wasn't here to model clothes.

- She began modelling in Paris aged 15.

VB (AM) modeling , modeled

15. modelling

- She was being offered a modelling contract.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

16. model models modelling modelled
If you model shapes or figures, you make them out of a substance such as clay or wood.

- There she began to model in clay.

- Sometimes she carved wood and sometimes stone; sometimes she modelled clay.

- The artist recorded interviews on a variety of topics and modelled an appropriate animal for each voice.

VB (AM) modeling , modeled

model

noun

1.

representation

copy

dummy

facsimile

image

imitation

miniature

mock-up

replica

2.

pattern

archetype

example

ideal

original

paradigm

paragon

prototype

standard

3.

sitter

poser

subject

verb

4.

shape

carve

design

fashion

form

mould

sculpt

5.

show off

display

sport informal

wear

modeller

塑造者

modeller

1. modeller modellers
A modeller is someone who makes shapes or figures out of substances such as wood or clay.
N-COUNT (AM) modeler

2. modeller modellers
A modeller is someone who makes theoretical descriptions of systems or processes in order to understand them and be able to predict how they will develop.

- This is definitely something that climate modellers need to take into account.

N-COUNT: usu supp N (AM) modeler

modem

[ˈməudem]

n.

调制解调器

modem

modem modems
A modem is a device which uses a telephone line to connect computers or computer systems.

- He sent his work to his publishers by modem.

N-COUNT: also by N

moderate

[D.J.:ˈmɔdərit]

[K.K.:ˈmɑdərɪt]

adj.

中等的, 适度的, 不很大的

温和的; 有节制的

中庸的, 稳健的, 不走极端的

vt. & vi.

(使)减轻[缓和]; 节制

moderately

[D.J.:ˈmɔdərətlɪ]

[K.K.: ˈmɑdərɪtlɪ]

adv.

适度地,有节制地

普通地;温和度;不过度地

moderating

慢化的

moderation

[D.J.:ˌmɔdəˈreɪʃɵn]

n.

自我节制;自我控制

缓和,减轻

moderate ***

1. moderate
Moderate political opinions or policies are not extreme.

- He was an easygoing man of very moderate views.

- Both countries have called for a moderate approach to the use of force.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ extreme

2. moderate
You use moderate to describe people or groups who have moderate political opinions or policies.

- ...a moderate Democrat.

- ...the moderate wing of the army.

ADJ-GRADED

3. moderate moderates
A moderate is someone with moderate political opinions.

- If he presents himself as a radical he risks scaring off the moderates whose votes he so desperately needs.

N-COUNT
≠ extremist hardliner

4. moderate
You use moderate to describe something that is neither large nor small in amount or degree.

- While a moderate amount of stress can be beneficial, too much stress can exhaust you.

- ...moderate exercise.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= reasonable ≠ excessive

5. moderately

- Both are moderately large insects, with a wingspan of around four centimetres.

- ...a moderately attractive woman...

- I don't smoke and I drink only moderately.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/-ed, also ADV after v
= reasonably

6. moderate
A moderate change in something is a change that is not great.

- Most drugs offer either no real improvement or, at best, only moderate improvements.

ADJ
= slight

7. moderately

- Share prices on the Tokyo Exchange declined moderately.

ADV: ADV after v

8. moderate moderates moderating moderated
If you moderate something or if it moderates , it becomes less extreme or violent and easier to deal with or accept.

- They are hoping that once in office he can be persuaded to moderate his views.

- Amongst relief workers, the immediate sense of crisis has moderated somewhat.

- Without Westcott's moderating influence, Mathers's autocratic manner became unbearable.

V-ERG
= attenuate

9. moderation

- A moderation in food prices helped to offset the first increase in energy prices.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of/in n

moderation *

moderation
If you say that someone does something such as eat, drink, or smoke in moderation , you mean that they do not eat, smoke, or drink too much or more than is reasonable.

- The United Nations Secretary General called on all parties to show moderation.

- ...the moderation and deep sense of responsibility which characterized their thinking.

- Many adults are able to drink in moderation, but others become dependent on alcohol.

- Fats and oils can be used in moderation.

PHR: PHR after v approval
≠ to excess

moderate

adjective

1.

mild

controlled

gentle

limited

middle-of-the-road

modest

reasonable

restrained

steady

2.

average

fair

indifferent

mediocre

middling

ordinary

passable

so-so informal

unexceptional

verb

3.

regulate

control

curb

ease

modulate

restrain

soften

subdue

temper

tone down

moderately

adverb

reasonably

fairly

passably

quite

rather

slightly

somewhat

tolerably

moderation

noun

restraint

fairness

reasonableness

temperance

moderator

[D.J.:ˈmɔdəˌreɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈmɑdəˌretɚ]

n.

(讨论、会议等的)主持人

(新教的)宗教领袖

<英>成绩核对人

<物>(原子堆中的)减速剂, 慢化剂;<化>阻滞剂, 缓和剂

moderator

1. moderator moderators
In some Protestant churches, a moderator is a senior member of the clergy who is in charge at large and important meetings.

- ...a former moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland.

N-COUNT

2. moderator moderators
In debates and negotiations, the moderator is the person who is in charge of the discussion and makes sure that it is conducted in a fair and organized way. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= chair

modern

[D.J.:ˈmɔdən]

[K.K.:ˈmɑdən]

adj.

现代的; 近代的

新式的, 时髦的, 最新的

当代风格的, 现代派的

modernity

[D.J.:mɔˈdə:niti]

[K.K.:mɑˈdɚnɪti, mo-]

n.

现代性

modern ****

1. modern
Modern means relating to the present time, for example the present decade or present century.

- We had a long talk about the problem of materialism in modern society.

- ...the risks facing every modern marriage...

- It's the sort of thing that would be very difficult to prove in any modern court of law.

ADJ: ADJ n
= contemporary

2. modern
Something that is modern is new and involves the latest ideas or equipment.

- Modern technology has opened our eyes to many things.

- In many ways, it was a very modern school for its time.

- As China's economy prospered, it was bound to want a modern army.

ADJ-GRADED
= up-to-date ≠ old-fashioned

3. modernity

- ...an office block that astonished the city with its modernity.

N-UNCOUNT
= innovation

4. modern
People are sometimes described as modern when they have opinions or ways of behaviour that have not yet been accepted by most people in a society.

- They were very modern Tories in almost every sense.

- She is very modern in outlook.

ADJ-GRADED
= progressive ≠ traditional

5. modern
Modern is used to describe styles of art, dance, music, and architecture that have developed in recent times, in contrast to classical styles.

- She'd been a professional dancer with a modern dance company in New York.

- ...the Museum of Modern Art.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ classical

6. modern moderns
The moderns are artists who follow modern styles.

- I don't have much time for the moderns. Chaucer's my favourite.

N-COUNT: usu pl

modern

adjective

current

contemporary

fresh

new

newfangled

novel

present-day

recent

up-to-date

modernity

noun

novelty

currency

freshness

innovation

newness

modern-day *

modern-day
Modern-day is used to refer to the new or modern aspects of a place, an activity, or a society.

- ...modern-day America.

- ...the by-products of modern-day living.

ADJ: ADJ n
= present-day contemporary

modernism

[D.J.:ˈmɔdəˌnɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈmɑdɚˌnɪzəm]

n.

(二十世纪四十年代至六十年代建筑、装饰艺术等方面的)现代主义,现代派

modernism *

modernism
Modernism was a movement in the arts in the first half of the twentieth century that rejected traditional values and techniques, and emphasized the importance of individual experience.
N-UNCOUNT
See also post-modernism .

modernist

[ˈmɔdənist]

n.

现代主义者, 现代派

modernist *

1. modernist
Modernist means relating to the ideas and methods of modern art.

- ...modernist architecture.

- ...modernist art...

- The building is impeccably modernist: glass, aluminium and grey.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
See also post-modernist .

2. modernist modernists
A modernist is an artist who uses modernist ideas and methods.
N-COUNT

modernistic

[mɔdəˈnistik]

adj.

现代派的

modernistic

modernistic
A modernistic building or piece of furniture looks very modern.

- ...the modernistic building that housed the city offices.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ traditional

modernization

[D.J.:ˌm ɔdənaɪˈzeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌm ɑdɚnəˈzeʃən]

n.

现代化;现代化的事物

modernize

[D.J.:ˈmɔdəˌnaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈmɑdɚˌnaɪz]

vt.

使现代化,使适应现代需要

vi.

现代化,使用现代方法

modernization

n.

现代化

现代化事物

modernize **

1. modernize modernizes modernizing modernized
To modernize something such as a system or a factory means to change it by replacing old equipment or methods with new ones.

- ...plans to modernize the refinery...

- There is a pressing need to modernise our electoral system.

VB (BRIT) also modernise

2. modernizing

- In effect, modernizing societies are portrayed as battlegrounds.

ADJ

3. modernization

- ...the modernization of the region.

- ...a five-year modernization programme.

N-UNCOUNT

modernize

verb

update

make over

rejuvenate

remake

remodel

renew

renovate

revamp

modernizer

modernizer modernizers
A modernizer is someone who replaces old equipment or methods with new ones.
N-COUNT (BRIT) also moderniser

modern languages

modern languages
Modern languages refers to the modern European languages, for example French, German, and Russian, which are studied at school or university.

- ...head of modern languages at a London grammar school.

N-PLURAL

modest

[D.J.:ˈmɔdist]

[K.K.:ˈmɑdɪst]

adj.

谦虚的, 谦恭的

适中的, 适度的

modestly

[D.J.:ˈm ɑdɪstlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈm ɑdɪstlɪ]

adv.

谦虚地;审慎地

适度地

modest ***

1. modest
A modest house or other building is not large or expensive.

- ...the modest home of a family who lived off the land...

- A one-night stay in a modest hotel costs around £35.

ADJ-GRADED
= unassuming

2. modest
You use modest to describe something such as an amount, rate, or improvement which is fairly small.

- Swiss unemployment rose to the still modest rate of 0.7%.

- The democratic reforms have been modest and they've occurred in only a few countries.

- You don't get rich, but you can get a modest living out of it.

ADJ-GRADED

3. modestly

- Britain's balance of payments improved modestly last month.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj/-ed/adv

4. modest
If you say that someone is modest , you approve of them because they do not talk much about their abilities or achievements.

- He's modest, as well as being a great player.

- Lord Carrington is modest about his achievements.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= unassuming ≠ arrogant

5. modestly

- `You really must be very good at what you do.' --- `I suppose I am,' Kate said modestly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

6. modest
You can describe a woman as modest when she avoids doing or wearing anything that might cause men to have sexual feelings towards her. You can also describe her clothes or behaviour as modest .

- Asian women are more modest and shy, yet they tend to have an inner force.

- Respect the local etiquete. Modest clothing is often preferable to revealing shorts and tight-fitting tops.

ADJ-GRADED

7. modestly

- She sat down cautiously on the red canvas cushions, knees modestly together.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj/adv

modest

adjective

1.

unpretentious

bashful

coy

demure

diffident

reserved

reticent

retiring

self-effacing

shy

2.

moderate

fair

limited

middling

ordinary

small

unexceptional

modesty

[D.J.:ˈmɔdɪsti:]

[K.K.:ˈmɑdɪsti]

n.

谦虚, 谦逊

modesty *

1. modesty
Someone who shows modesty does not talk much about their abilities or achievements.

- His modesty does him credit, for the food he produces speaks for itself.

- He plays the character with tremendous concentration combined with a pleasing modesty.

N-UNCOUNT approval
≠ arrogance

2. modesty
You can refer to the modesty of something such as a place or amount when it is fairly small.

- The modesty of the town itself comes as something of a surprise.

- ...the modesty of their prices.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. modesty
If someone, especially a woman, shows modesty , they are cautious about the way they dress and behave because they are aware that other people may view them in a sexual way.

- There were shrieks of embarrassment, mingled with giggles, from some of the girls as they struggled to protect their modesty.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

modesty

noun

reserve

bashfulness

coyness

demureness

diffidence

humility

reticence

shyness

timidity

modicum

[D.J.:ˈmɔdɪkəm]

[K.K.:ˈmɑdɪkəm]

n.

少量,一点点

modicum

modicum
A modicum of something, especially something that is good or desirable, is a reasonable but not large amount of it. (FORMAL)

- I'd like to think I've had a modicum of success.

- ...a modicum of privacy.

QUANT: QUANT of n-uncount
= degree

modicum

noun

little

bit

crumb

drop

fragment

scrap

shred

touch

modifier

[D.J.:ˈmɔdifaiə]

[K.K.:ˈmɑdəˌfaɪɚ]

n.

调节器

〈语〉修饰语

modifier

modifier modifiers
A modifier is a word or group of words that modifies another word or group. In some descriptions of grammar, only words that are used before a noun are called modifiers .
N-COUNT

modification

[D.J.:ˌmɔdəfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmɑdəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

缓和,限制,减轻

更改,改变,修改

modified

[D.J.:ˈmɔdifaid]

[K.K.:ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd]

adj.

改良的,改进的,修正的

modify

[D.J.:ˈmɔdifai]

[K.K.:ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ]

vt. & vi.

修改, 更改

vt.

修饰

modify **

1. modify modifies modifying modified
If you modify something, you change it slightly, usually in order to improve it.

- The club members did agree to modify their recruitment policy.

- The plane was a modified version of the C-130.

VB
= adapt

2. modification modifications

- Relatively minor modifications were required.

- ...behaviour modification techniques.

N-VAR

3. modify modifies modifying modified
A word or group of words that modifies another word describes or classifies something, or restricts the meaning of the word.

- It is a rule of English that adjectives generally precede the noun they modify: we say `a good cry', not `a cry good'.

VB

modification

noun

change

adjustment

alteration

qualification

refinement

revision

variation

modify

verb

1.

change

adapt

adjust

alter

convert

reform

remodel

revise

rework

2.

tone down

ease

lessen

lower

moderate

qualify

restrain

soften

temper

modish

[D.J.:ˈməʊdɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈmodɪʃ]

adj.

流行的,时髦的

modishly

adv.

modish

modish
Something that is modish is fashionable. (LITERARY)

- ...a short checklist of much that is modish at the moment.

- ...modish young women from London society.

ADJ-GRADED
= fashionable

modish

adjective

fashionable

contemporary

current

in

smart

stylish

trendy Brit. informal

up-to-the-minute

voguish

modular

[D.J.:ˈmɔdjulə]

[K.K.:ˈmɑdʒəlɚ]

adj.

模的,有标准组件的

modular

1. modular
In building, modular means relating to the construction of buildings in parts called modules.

- They ended up buying a prebuilt modular home on a two-acre lot.

ADJ

2. modular
Modular means relating to the teaching of courses at college or university in units called modules. (BRIT)

- The course is modular in structure.

ADJ

modulate

[D.J.:ˈmɔdʒəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:ˈmɑdʒəˌlet]

vt.

调整,调节

(使)缓和

调整或改变(嗓音)的音调

(对波幅、频率的)调制

<音>转调

modulation

n.

modulated

[ˈmɔdjuleitid]

adj.

已调整[制]的,被调的

modulation

[D.J.:ˌmɔdjuˈleiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmɑdʒəˈleʃən]

n.

调制

modulate

1. modulate modulates modulating modulated
If you modulate your voice or a sound, you change or vary its loudness, pitch, or tone in order to create a particular effect. (WRITTEN)

- He carefully modulated his voice.

VB

2. modulated

- `Who's this?' asked a well-modulated voice.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. modulate modulates modulating modulated
To modulate an activity or process means to alter it so that it is more suitable for a particular situation. (FORMAL)

- These chemicals modulate the effect of potassium.

VB
= modify

4. modulation modulations

- The famine turned the normal modulation of climate into disaster.

N-VAR

modulate

verb

adjust

attune

balance

regulate

tune

vary

module

[D.J.:ˈmɔdju:l]

[K.K.:ˈmɑdʒul]

n.

单元, 单位

(宇宙飞船上各个独立的)舱

module *

1. module modules
A module is one of the separate parts of a course taught at a college or university. (BRIT)

- These courses cover a twelve-week period and are organised into three four-week modules.

N-COUNT
= component

2. module modules
A module is a part of a spacecraft which can operate by itself, often away from the rest of the spacecraft.

- A rescue plan could be achieved by sending an unmanned module to the space station.

N-COUNT

3. module modules
A module is one of a set of parts from which some buildings are made. Each module is made separately, and the completed modules are then joined together to form the building.
N-COUNT

4. module modules
A module is a part of a machine, especially a computer, which performs a particular function.
N-COUNT

modus operandi

modus operandi
A modus operandi is a particular way of doing something. (FORMAL)

- An example of her modus operandi was provided during a terse exchange with the defendant.

N-SING

modus vivendi

modus vivendi
A modus vivendi is an arrangement which allows people who have different attitudes to live or work together. (FORMAL)

- After 1940, a modus vivendi between church and state was achieved.

N-SING
= compromise

moggy

n.

〈英俚〉猫,邋遢女子(或少女),〈英方〉小牛,母牛

moggy

moggy moggies
A moggy is a cat . (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also moggie .

mogul

[D.J.:ˈməʊgəl]

[K.K.:ˈmoɡəl]

n.

大人物;巨头;大亨

莫卧儿人(16世纪到19世纪印度的穆斯林统治者)

(供滑雪时跳跃的)小雪丘

mogul *

1. mogul moguls
A Mogul was a Muslim ruler in India in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries.
N-COUNT

2. mogul moguls
A mogul is an important, rich, and powerful businessman, especially one in the news, film, or television industry.

- ...an international media mogul.

- ...Hollywood movie moguls.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

mogul

noun

tycoon

baron

big noise informal

big shot informal

magnate

V.I.P.

mohair

[D.J.:ˈməuhɛə]

[K.K.:ˈmoˌhɛr]

n.

马海毛,安哥拉山羊毛,马海毛织物

adj.

马海毛制的

mohair

mohair
Mohair is a type of very soft wool.

- She was wearing a brown mohair dress.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

moist

[D.J.:mɔist]

[K.K.:mɔɪst]

adj.

潮湿的, 微湿的

moist *

moist moister moistest
Something that is moist is slightly wet.

- Wipe off any excess make-up with a clean, moist cotton flannel.

- The soil is reasonably moist after the September rain.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ dry

moist

adjective

damp

clammy

dewy

humid

soggy

wet

moisten

[D.J.:ˈmɔɪsən]

[K.K.:ˈmɔɪsən]

vt. & vi.

(使)变得潮湿,变得湿润

moistened

弄湿的

moistening

[ˈmɔisniŋ]

n.

润湿

moisten

moisten moistens moistening moistened
To moisten something means to make it slightly wet.

- She took a sip of water to moisten her dry throat.

- ...a moistened flannel.

VB

moisten

verb

dampen

damp

moisturize

soak

water

wet

moisture

[D.J.:ˈmɔistʃə]

[K.K.:ˈmɔɪstʃɚ]

n.

水分, 水气, 湿气

vt.

使防潮

moisture **

moisture
Moisture is tiny drops of water in the air, on a surface, or in the ground.

- When the soil is dry, more moisture is lost from the plant.

- Rainfall affects the moisture content of the atmosphere.

N-UNCOUNT

moisture

noun

damp

dew

liquid

water

wetness

moisturize

[D.J.:ˈmɔɪstʃəˌraɪz]

[K.K.:ˈmɔɪstʃəˌraɪz]

vt.

给…增加水分, 使湿润

moisturize *

moisturize moisturizes moisturizing moisturized
If you moisturize your skin, you rub cream into it to make it softer. If a cream moisturizes your skin, it makes it softer.

- ...products to moisturise, protect and firm your skin...

- The lotion moisturizes while it cleanses.

- ...a pot of moisturising cream.

VB (BRIT) also moisturise

moisturizer *

moisturizer moisturizers
A moisturizer is a cream that you put on your skin to make it feel softer and smoother.
N-MASS also moisturiser .

molar

[ˈməulə]

adj.

磨碎的,臼齿的,质量的,摩尔的

n.

臼齿,磨牙

molars

磨牙

molar

molar molars
Your molars are the large, flat teeth towards the back of your mouth that you use for chewing food.
N-COUNT

molasses

[D.J.:məˈlæsɪz]

[K.K.:məˈlæsɪz]

n.

糖浆

molasses

molasses
Molasses is a thick, dark brown syrup which is produced when sugar is processed. It is used in cooking.
N-UNCOUNT

mole

[D.J.:məʊl]

[K.K.:mol]

n.

<医>痣

防波堤

鼹鼠

间谍

<化>摩尔;克分子(量)

mole *

1. mole moles
A mole is a natural dark spot or small dark lump on someone's skin.
N-COUNT

2. mole moles
A mole is a small animal with black fur that lives underground.
N-COUNT

3. mole moles
A mole is a member of a government or other organization who gives secret information to the press or to a rival organization.

- He had been recruited by the Russians as a mole and trained in Moscow.

N-COUNT

molecular

[D.J.:məˈlekjələ]

[K.K.:məˈlɛkjəlɚ]

adj.

分子的

molecularity

n.

分子性,分子状态

molecularly

adv.

分子状态地

molecular formula

分子式

molecular weight

分子量

molecularity

[məuˌlekjuˈlæriti]

n.

分子状,分子性

molecular *

molecular
Molecular means relating to or involving molecules.

- ...the molecular structure of fuel.

ADJ: ADJ n

molecular biology *

1. molecular biology
Molecular biology is the study of the structure and function of the complex chemicals that are found in living things.
N-UNCOUNT

2. molecular biologist molecular biologists

- This substance has now been cloned by molecular biologists.

N-COUNT

molecule

[D.J.:ˈmɔlikju:l]

[K.K.:ˈmɑlɪˌkjul]

n.

分子

molecules

分子学

molecule **

molecule molecules
A molecule is the smallest amount of a chemical substance which can exist by itself.

- ...the hydrogen bonds between water molecules.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft supp N

molecule

noun

particle

jot

speck

molehill

[D.J.:ˈməulhil]

[K.K.:ˈmolˌhɪl]

n.

(由鼹鼠打洞扒出的泥土堆成的)鼹鼠丘,无意义的事,小困难(或障碍)

molehill

1. molehill molehills
A molehill is a small pile of earth made by a mole digging a tunnel.
N-COUNT

2. molehill
If you say that someone is making a mountain out of a molehill , you are critical of them for making an unimportant fact or difficulty seem like a serious one.

- The British press, making a mountain out of a molehill, precipitated an unnecessary economic crisis.

PHR: V and Ns inflect disapproval

molest

[D.J.:məˈlest]

[K.K.:məˈlɛst]

vt.

骚扰, 干扰

调戏;猥亵, 对…性骚扰

molestation

[məulesˈteiʃən]

n.

骚扰,干扰,调戏

molest *

1. molest molests molesting molested
A person who molests someone, especially a woman or a child, interferes with them in a sexual way against their will.

- He was accused of sexually molesting a female colleague.

VB
= abuse

2. molestation

- Any case of sexual molestation of a child should be reported to the police.

N-UNCOUNT
= abuse

3. molester molesters

- He'd been publicly labeled a child molester.

N-COUNT
= abuser

molest

verb

1.

annoy

badger

beset

bother

disturb

harass

persecute

pester

plague

torment

worry

2.

abuse

attack

harm

hurt

ill-treat

interfere with

maltreat

mollification

[ˌmɔlifiˈkeiʃən]

n.

缓和

mollify

[D.J.:ˈmɔləˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈmɑləˌfaɪ]

vt.

使变软,使平静,抚慰

mollification

n.

mollifying

[ˈmɔlifaiiŋ]

adj.

使软化的,使缓和的;抚慰的

mollify

1. mollify mollifies mollifying mollified
If you mollify someone, you do or say something to make them less upset or angry. (FORMAL)

- The investigation was undertaken primarily to mollify pressure groups.

VB
= placate

2. mollified

- He looked first mollified and then relieved as it occurred to him his plight could be worse.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

mollify

verb

pacify

appease

calm

conciliate

placate

quiet

soothe

sweeten

mollusc

[D.J.:ˈmɔləsk]

[K.K.:ˈmɑləsk]

n.

<动>软体动物

mollusc

mollusc molluscs
A mollusc is an animal such as a snail, clam, or octopus which has a soft body. Many types of mollusc have hard shells to protect them.
N-COUNT (AM) mollusk

mollycoddle

[D.J.:ˈmɔli:ˌkɔdl]

[K.K.:ˈmɑliˌkɑdl..]

vt.

娇养,宠坏

mollycoddle

mollycoddle mollycoddles mollycoddling mollycoddled
If you accuse someone of mollycoddling someone else, you are critical of them for doing too many things for the other person and protecting them too much from unpleasant experiences.

- Christopher accused me of mollycoddling Andrew.

VB disapproval
= pamper

mollycoddle

verb

pamper

baby

cosset

indulge

spoil

Molotov cocktail

Molotov cocktail Molotov cocktails
A Molotov cocktail is a simple bomb made by putting petrol and cloth into a bottle. It is exploded by setting fire to the cloth.
N-COUNT

molten

[D.J.:ˈməʊltən]

[K.K.:ˈmoltən]

adj.

熔化的;熔融的

molten *

molten
Molten rock, metal, or glass has been heated to a very high temperature and has become a hot thick liquid.

- The molten metal is poured into the mould.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

mom

[D.J.:mɔm]

[K.K.:mɑm]

n.

<美,非正>妈妈

mom **

mom moms
Your mom is your mother. (INFORMAL) (AM; in BRIT use mum )

- We waited for Mom and Dad to get home.

- Mom, can you tell me how to do it?

N-FAMILY

moment

[ˈməumənt]

n.

瞬间, 片刻

时刻, 时机

moment *****

1. moment moments
You can refer to a very short period of time, for example a few seconds, as a moment or moments .

- In a moment he was gone.

- She stared at him a moment, then turned away.

- Stop for one moment and think about it!.

- In moments, I was asleep once more.

N-COUNT
= minute second

2. moment moments
A particular moment is the point in time at which something happens.

- At this moment a car stopped at the house.

- Many people still remember the moment when they heard that President Kennedy had been assassinated.

- ...a decision that may have been made in a moment of panic.

N-COUNT: with supp
= instant

3. moment
If you say that something will or may happen at any moment or any moment now , you are emphasizing that it is likely to happen very soon.

- They ran the risk of being shot at any moment.

- He'll be here to see you any moment now.

PHR emphasis
= at any minute

4. moment
You use expressions such as at the moment , at this moment , and at the present moment to indicate that a particular situation exists at the time when you are speaking.

- At the moment, no one is talking to me.

- This is being planned at the present moment.

- He's touring South America at this moment in time.

PHR
= now currently

5. moment
If you say that you do not believe for a moment or for one moment that something is true, you are emphasizing that you do not believe that it could possibly be true.

- I don't for a moment think there'll be a divorce.

PHR: with brd-neg, PHR with v emphasis
= for a minute

6. moment
You use for the moment to indicate that something is true now, even if it will not be true in the future.

- For the moment, however, the government is happy to live with it.

PHR: PHR with cl
= for now

7. moment
If you say that someone or something has their moments , you are indicating that there are times when they are successful or interesting, but that this does not happen very often.

- The film has its moments.

- He's not the thoroughly outgoing character you'd predict, although he has his moments.

PHR: V inflects

8. moment
If someone does something at the last moment , they do it at the latest time possible.

- They changed their minds at the last moment and refused to go.

PHR: prep PHR
= the last minute

9. moment
You use the expression the next moment , or expressions such as ` one moment he was there, the next he was gone ', to emphasize that something happens suddenly, especially when it is very different from what was happening before.

- The next moment there was an almighty crash.

- He is unpredictable, weeping one moment, laughing the next.

PHR emphasis
= the next minute

10. moment
You use of the moment to describe someone or something that is or was especially popular at a particular time, especially when you want to suggest that their popularity is unlikely to last long or did not last long.

- He's the man of the moment, isn't he?.

- He calls it a `contraption', using his favourite word of the moment.

PHR: n PHR

11. moment
If you say that something happens the moment something else happens, you are emphasizing that it happens immediately after the other thing.

- The moment I closed my eyes, I fell asleep.

PHR: PHR that emphasis
= the minute as soon as

moment

noun

1.

instant

flash

jiffy informal

second

split second

trice

twinkling

2.

time

juncture

point

stage

momentarily

[D.J.:ˌməʊmənˈteərəli:]

[K.K.:ˌmomənˈtɛrəli]

adv.

顷刻之间;<美>马上,立刻

momentarily

1. momentarily
Momentarily means for a short time. (mainly BRIT or WRITTEN)

- She paused momentarily when she saw them.

ADV: usu ADV with v
= briefly

2. momentarily
Momentarily means very soon. (AM)

- The younger hunters stand up, all eyes turned towards the woods, towards the exact spot from which the pack will momentarily appear.

ADV: usu ADV after v
= imminently

momentarily

adverb

briefly

for a moment

temporarily

momentary

[D.J.:ˈməʊmənˌteri:]

[K.K.:ˈmomənˌtɛri]

adj.

短暂的;瞬间的

随时会发生的;时时刻刻的

momentary *

momentary
Something that is momentary lasts for a very short period of time, for example for a few seconds or less.

- ...a momentary lapse of concentration...

- His hesitation was only momentary.

ADJ
= brief

momentary

adjective

short-lived

brief

fleeting

passing

short

temporary

transitory

moment of truth

moment of truth moments of truth
If you refer to a time or event as the moment of truth , you mean that it is an important time when you must make a decision quickly, and whatever you decide will have important consequences in the future.

- Both men knew the moment of truth had arrived.

N-COUNT
= crunch

momentous

[D.J.:məuˈmentəs]

[K.K.:moˈmɛntəs]

adj.

重大的, 严重的

momentous *

momentous
If you refer to a decision, event, or change as momentous , you mean that it is very important, often because of the effects that it will have in the future.

- ...the momentous decision to send in the troops...

- The past three years have been among the most momentous in world history.

ADJ-GRADED

momentous

adjective

significant

critical

crucial

fateful

historic

important

pivotal

vital

weighty

momentum

[D.J.:məuˈmentəm]

[K.K.:moˈmɛntəm]

n.

动力, 冲力, 势头

〈物〉动量

momentum **

1. momentum
If a process or movement gains momentum , it keeps developing or happening more quickly and keeps becoming less likely to stop.

- This campaign is really gaining momentum.

- They are each anxious to maintain the momentum of the search for a solution.

N-UNCOUNT
= impetus

2. momentum
In physics, momentum is the mass of a moving object multiplied by its speed in a particular direction. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

momentum

noun

impetus

drive

energy

force

power

propulsion

push

strength

thrust

mammiform

[ˈmæmifɔ:m]

adj.

乳头状的;乳房形的

momma

[D.J.:ˈmɑ:mə]

[K.K.:ˈmɑmə]

n.

<口>妈妈(尤儿语)

(雌性哺乳动物的)乳房

(雄性哺乳动物的)乳房残迹

mammiform

adj.

momma *

momma mommas
Momma means the same as mommy . (AM, INFORMAL)
N-FAMILY

mommy

[D.J.:ˈmɔmi:]

[K.K.:ˈmɑmi]

n.

<儿>妈咪

mommy

mommy mommies
Some people, especially young children, call their mother mommy . (INFORMAL) (AM; in BRIT use mummy )

- Mommy and I went in an aeroplane.

N-FAMILY

Mon

[D.J.:məun]

[K.K.:mon]

n.

星期一

Mon.

abbr.

Monday 星期一 Montana 美国蒙大拿州州名

Mon.

abbr.

Monday 星期一 Montana 美国蒙大拿州州名

Mon. **

Mon.
Mon. is a written abbreviation for Monday .

- ...Mon Oct 19.

monarch

[D.J.:ˈmɔnək, -ˌɑ:k]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnək, -ˌɑrk]

n.

君主, 帝王

monarch **

monarch monarchs
The monarch of a country is the king, queen, emperor, or empress.
N-COUNT

monarch

noun

ruler

emperor or empress

king

potentate

prince or princess

queen

sovereign

monarchical

[mɔˈnɑ:kikəl]

adj.

国王的,帝王的

monarchical

monarchical
Monarchical means relating to a monarch or monarchs.

- ...a monarchical system of government.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

monarchist

[ˈmɔnəkist]

n.

君主制主义者

monarchist

1. monarchist
If someone has monarchist views, they believe that their country should have a monarch, such as a king or queen.

- ...the tiny monarchist party.

ADJ-GRADED
= royalist ≠ republican

2. monarchist monarchists
A monarchist is someone with monarchist views.
N-COUNT

monarchy

[D.J.:ˈmɔnəki]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnəki, -ˌɑr-]

n.

君主统治, 君主制度

君主国

monarchy **

1. monarchy monarchies
A monarchy is a system in which a country has a monarch.

- In a few years we may no longer have a monarchy.

- ...a serious debate on the future of the monarchy.

N-VAR
≠ republic

2. monarchy monarchies
A monarchy is a country that has a monarch.
N-COUNT
≠ republic

3. monarchy monarchies
The monarchy is used to refer to the monarch and his or her family.

- The monarchy has to create a balance between its public and private lives.

N-COUNT: usu the N
= royal family

monarchy

noun

1.

sovereignty

autocracy

kingship

monocracy

royalism

2.

kingdom

empire

principality

realm

monastery

[D.J.:ˈmɔnəstəri]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnəˌstɛri]

n.

修道院

monastery *

monastery monasteries
A monastery is a building or collection of buildings in which monks live.
N-COUNT

monastery

noun

abbey

cloister

convent

friary

nunnery

priory

monastic

[D.J.:məˈnæstik]

[K.K.:məˈnæstɪk]

n.

僧侣,修道士

adj.

庙宇的

monastic

monastic
Monastic means relating to monks or to a monastery.

- He was drawn to the monastic life.

- ...monastic orders.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

monastic

adjective

monkish

ascetic

cloistered

contemplative

hermit-like

reclusive

secluded

sequestered

withdrawn

Monday

[D.J.:ˈmʌndi]

[K.K.:ˈmʌndi, -ˌde]

n.

星期一

Mondays

〈美〉每星期一,在任何星期一

Monday *****

Monday Mondays
Monday is the day after Sunday and before Tuesday.

- I went back to work on Monday.

- The attack took place last Monday.

- I'm usually here on Mondays and Fridays.

N-VAR

monetarism

[D.J.:ˈmʌnitərizəm]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnɪtəˌrɪzəm, ˈmʌn-]

n.

货币主义

monetarism

monetarism
Monetarism is an economic policy that involves controlling the amount of money that is available and in use in a country at any one time.
N-UNCOUNT

monetarist

[ˈmʌnitərist]

n.

货币主义者

monetarist

1. monetarist
Monetarist policies or views are based on the theory that the amount of money that is available and in use in a country at any one time should be controlled.

- ...tough monetarist policies.

ADJ-GRADED

2. monetarist monetarists
A monetarist is someone with monetarist views.
N-COUNT

monetary

[D.J.:ˈmʌnitəri]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnɪˌtɛri, ˈmʌn-]

adj.

货币的; 金融的

monetary ***

monetary
Monetary means relating to money, especially the total amount of money in a country.

- Some countries tighten monetary policy to avoid inflation.

- The courts will be asked to place a monetary value on his unfinished career.

ADJ: ADJ n

monetary

adjective

financial

budgetary

capital

cash

fiscal

pecuniary

money

[D.J.:ˈmʌni]

[K.K.:ˈmʌni]

n.

钱, 金钱; 货币

财富, 财产

monies

[D.J.:ˈmʌni:z]

[K.K.:ˈmʌniz]

n.

货币,钱,金钱

money *****

1. money
Money is the coins or bank notes that you use to buy things, or the sum that you have in a bank account.

- A lot of the money that you pay at the cinema goes back to the film distributors.

- Players should be allowed to earn money from advertising.

- She probably had more money but she didn't spend it.

- ...discounts and money saving offers.

N-UNCOUNT

2. money monies or moneys
Monies is used to refer to several separate sums of money that form part of a larger amount that is received or spent. (FORMAL)

- We drew up a schedule of payments for the rest of the monies owed.

- ...the investment and management of monies by pension funds.

N-PLURAL

3. money
If you say that someone has money to burn , you mean that they have more money than they need or that they spend their money on things that you think are unnecessary.

- He was a high-earning broker with money to burn.

PHR: V inflects

4. money
If you are in the money , you have a lot of money to spend. (INFORMAL)

- If you are one of the lucky callers chosen to play, you could be in the money.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
= rolling in it

5. money
If you make money , you obtain money by earning it or by making a profit.

- They couldn't find work or make money in the cities.

- ...the only bit of the firm that consistently made money.

PHR: V inflects

6. money
If you say that you want someone to put their money where their mouth is , you want them to spend money to improve a bad situation, instead of just talking about improving it.

- The government might be obliged to put its money where its mouth is to prove its commitment.

PHR: V inflects

7. money
If you say that the smart money is on a particular person or thing, you mean that people who know a lot about it think that this person will be successful, or this thing will happen. (JOURNALISM)

- With England not playing, the smart money was on the Germans.

- A lot of smart money in Washington says that peace is nearly at hand.

PHR

8. money
If you say that money talks , you mean that if someone has a lot of money, they also have a lot of power.

- The formula in Hollywood is simple -- money talks.

PHR

9. money
If you say that someone is throwing money at a problem, you are critical of them for trying to improve it by spending money on it, instead of doing more thoughtful and practical things to improve it.

- The Australian government's answer to the problem has been to throw money at it.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n disapproval

10. money
If you say that someone is throwing good money after bad , you are critical of them for trying to improve a bad situation by spending more money on it, instead of doing more thoughtful or practical things to improve it.

- Further heavy intervention would be throwing good money after bad.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

11. money
If you get your money's worth , you get something which is worth the money that it costs or the effort you have put in.

- The fans get their money's worth.

PHR: PHR after v
= value for money

money

noun

cash

capital

coin

currency

hard cash

legal tender

readies informal

riches

silver

wealth

money box

money box money boxes
A money box is a small box with an opening at the top, into which a child puts coins as a way of saving money. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

moneyed

[D.J.:ˈmʌnid]

[K.K.:ˈmʌnid]

adj.

有钱的(作定语用)

moneyed

moneyed
A moneyed person has a lot of money. (FORMAL)

- Fear of crime among Japan's new monied classes is rising rapidly.

ADJ also monied .
= affluent

moneylender

[D.J.:ˈmʌni:ˌlendə]

[K.K.:ˈmʌniˌlɛndɚ]

n.

<贬>放债的人

moneylender

moneylender moneylenders
A moneylender is a person who lends money which has to be paid back at a high rate of interest. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT also money-lender .

money-maker

n.

会挣钱的人,赚钱的东西,赚钱的生意

money-maker

money-maker money-makers
If you say that a business, product, or investment is a money-maker , you mean that it makes a big profit.
N-COUNT also moneymaker .
= money-spinner

money market *

money market money markets
A country's money market consists of all the banks and other organizations that deal with short-term loans, capital, and foreign exchange.

- On the money markets the dollar was weaker against European currencies.

N-COUNT

money order

money order money orders
A money order is a piece of paper representing a sum of money which you can buy at a post office and send to someone as a way of sending them money by post. (AM; in BRIT use postal order )
N-COUNT

money-spinner

n.

赚大钱的人,赚大钱的事业

money-spinner

money-spinner money-spinners
If you say that something is a money-spinner , you mean that it earns a lot of money for someone. (INFORMAL)

- The films have been fantastic money-spinners.

N-COUNT: usu adj N also moneyspinner .
= money-maker

money supply *

money supply
The money supply is the total amount of money in a country's economy at any one time.

- They believed that controlling the money supply would reduce inflation.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N

Mongol

[D.J.:ˈmɔŋgəl, -ˌgəʊl, ˈmɔn-]

[K.K.:ˈmɑŋɡəl, -ˌɡol, ˈmɑn-]

adj.

蒙古人的

像蒙古人的

n.

蒙古人

Mongol

1. Mongol Mongols
The Mongols were an Asian people who, led by Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan, took control of large areas of China and Central Asia in the 12th and 13th centuries A.D.
N-COUNT

2. Mongol
Mongol means belonging or relating to the Mongols.

- ...the Mongol invasions of the thirteenth century.

ADJ: ADJ n

Mongolian

[D.J.:mɔŋˈgəʊli:ən, -ˈgəʊljən, mɔn-]

[K.K.:mɑŋˈɡoliən, -ˈɡoljən, mɑn-]

n.

蒙古人,蒙古国民,蒙古语

adj.

蒙古的,蒙古人的,蒙古语的,蒙古族的

Mongolian ***

1. Mongolian
Mongolian means belonging or relating to Mongolia, or to its people, language, or culture.

- ...the Mongolian capital, Ulan Bator.

ADJ

2. Mongolian Mongolians
A Mongolian is a Mongolian citizen, or a person of Mongolian origin.
N-COUNT

3. Mongolian
Mongolian is the language that is spoken in Mongolia.

- Until August of this year there was no complete translation of the New Testament in Mongolian.

N-UNCOUNT

mongrel

[D.J.:ˈmʌŋgrəl, ˈmɔŋ-]

[K.K.:ˈmʌŋɡrəl, ˈmɑŋ-]

n.

杂种狗

混合物

adj.

杂种的,杂交的

mongrel

mongrel mongrels
A mongrel is a dog which is a mixture of different breeds.
N-COUNT

mongrel

noun

1.

hybrid

cross

crossbreed

half-breed

adjective

2.

hybrid

crossbred

moniker

[D.J.:ˈmɔnikə]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnɪkɚ]

n.

名字,绰号

moniker

moniker monikers
The moniker of a person or thing is their name, especially when they have changed it. (INFORMAL)

- She's the author of three detective novels under the moniker of Janet Neel.

N-COUNT

monitor

[D.J.:ˈmɔnitə]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnɪtɚ]

n.

监视器, 监听器; 检测器

(学校)班长; 纠察员

vt.

监听, 监视

监测, 检测

monitoring

[ˈmɔnitəriŋ]

n.

监视;控制;监测;追踪

monitor ***

1. monitor monitors monitoring monitored
If you monitor something, you regularly check its development or progress, and sometimes comment on it.

- Officials had not been allowed to monitor the voting.

- You need feedback to monitor progress.

VB

2. monitoring

- ...analysis and monitoring of the global environment.

N-UNCOUNT

3. monitor monitors monitoring monitored
If someone monitors radio broadcasts from other countries, they record them or listen carefully to them in order to obtain information.

- Peter Murray is in London and has been monitoring reports out of Monrovia.

VB

4. monitor monitors
A monitor is a machine that is used to check or record things, for example processes or substances inside a person's body.

- The heart monitor shows low levels of consciousness.

N-COUNT: usu n N

5. monitor monitors
A monitor is a screen which is used to display certain kinds of information, for example in airports or television studios.

- He was watching a game of tennis on a television monitor.

N-COUNT: oft N n
= screen

6. monitor monitors
You can refer to a person who checks that something is done correctly, or that it is fair, as a monitor .

- Government monitors will continue to accompany reporters.

- ...UN monitors overseeing Namibian independence.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

monitor

noun

1.

watchdog

guide

invigilator

prefect Brit.

supervisor

verb

2.

check

follow

keep an eye on

keep tabs on

keep track of

observe

survey

watch

monk

[D.J.:mʌŋk]

[K.K.:mʌŋk]

n.

修道士, 僧侣

monk **

monk monks
A monk is a member of a male religious community that is usually separated from the outside world.

- ...saffron-robed Buddhist monks.

N-COUNT

monk

noun

friar

brother

monkey

[D.J.:ˈmʌŋki]

[K.K.:ˈmʌŋki]

n.

猴; 猿

淘气鬼, 小淘气, 顽童

monkey **

1. monkey monkeys
A monkey is an animal with a long tail which lives in hot countries and climbs trees.
N-COUNT

2. monkey monkeys
If you refer to a child as a monkey , you are saying in an affectionate way that he or she is very lively and naughty.

- She's such a little monkey.

N-COUNT: usu adj N feelings
= scamp

monkey

noun

1.

simian

primate

2.

rascal

devil

imp

rogue

scamp

verb

3.

fool

meddle

mess

play

tinker

monkey bars

monkey bars
Monkey bars are metal or wooden bars that are joined together to form a structure for children to climb and play on. (AM; in BRIT use climbing frame )
N-PLURAL

mono

[D.J.:ˈmɔnəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈmɑno]

adj.

(广播,录音器材)单音的(非立体声的)

n.

单声道放音；单声道唱片

mono *

1. mono
Mono is used to describe a system of playing music in which all the sound is directed through one speaker only. Compare stereo .

- This model has a mono soundtrack.

ADJ

2. mono
Mono is the same as mononucleosis . (AM, INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

mono-

[D.J.:ˈmɔnəu]

[K.K.:ˈmɑno]

pref.

表示“单一”之义

mono-

mono-
Mono- is used at the beginning of nouns and adjectives that have `one' or `single' as part of their meanings.

- ...high in mono-unsaturated fats.

- ...interaction between bilingual parents and monolingual teachers.

PREFIX

monochrome

[D.J.:ˈmɔnəˌkrəʊm]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnəˌkrom]

n.

单色画,单色照片,黑白照片

adj.

单色的,黑白的

monochrome

1. monochrome
A monochrome film, photograph, or television shows black, white, and shades of grey, but no other colours.

- ...color and monochrome monitors.

- ...scratchy monochrome movies.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= black and white

2. monochrome
A monochrome picture uses only one colour in various shades.

- ...an old monochrome etching of a brewery.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

monocle

[D.J.:ˈmɔnəkl]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnəkəl]

n.

单片眼镜

monocle

monocle monocles
A monocle is a glass lens which people wore in former times in front of one of their eyes to improve their ability to see with that eye.
N-COUNT

monogamous

[mɔˈnɔɡəməs]

adj.

一夫一妻的,单配的,一雌一雄的

monogamy

[D.J.:məˈnɔgəmi:]

[K.K.:məˈnɑɡəmi]

n.

一夫一妻制

monogamous

adj.

monogamous

1. monogamous
Someone who is monogamous or who has a monogamous relationship has a sexual relationship with only one partner.

- Do you believe that men are not naturally monogamous?.

- She wouldn't want to be in a monogamous relationship.

ADJ

2. monogamous
Monogamous animals have only one sexual partner during their lives or during each mating season.
ADJ

monogamy

1. monogamy
Monogamy is used to refer to the state or custom of having a sexual relationship with only one partner.

- People still opt for monogamy and marriage.

N-UNCOUNT

2. monogamy
Monogamy is the state or custom of being married to only one person at a particular time.

- In many non-Western societies, however, monogamy has never dominated.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ polygamy

monogram

[D.J.:ˈmɔnəuɡræm]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnəˌɡræm]

n.

字母组合

monogram

monogram monograms
A monogram is a design based on the first letters of a person's names, which is put on things they own, such as their clothes.
N-COUNT

monogrammed

[ˈmɔnəɡræmd]

adj.

有交织字母(或花押字)的

monogrammed

monogrammed
Monogrammed means marked with a design based on the first letters of a person's names.

- ...a monogrammed handkerchief.

ADJ

monograph

[D.J.:ˈmɔnəˌgræf]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnəˌɡræf]

n.

专著,专论

monograph

monograph monographs
A monograph is a book which is a detailed study of only one subject. (FORMAL)

- ...a monograph on her favourite author, John Masefield.

N-COUNT: oft N on n

monolingual

[D.J.:ˌmɔnəˈlɪŋgwəl]

[K.K.:ˌmɑnəˈlɪŋɡwəl]

adj.

<术>单语的,只用一种语言的

monolingual

monolingual
Monolingual means involving, using, or speaking one language.

- Even as a largely monolingual country, Great Britain holds the potential to be culturally pluralistic.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

monolith

[D.J.:ˈmɔnəuliθ]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnəˌlɪθ]

n.

独块巨石,整体塑制品

monolith

1. monolith monoliths
A monolith is a very large, upright piece of stone, especially one that was put in place in ancient times.
N-COUNT

2. monolith monoliths
If you refer to an organization or system as a monolith , you are critical of it because it is very large and very slow to change, and it does not seem to have different parts with different characters.

- A deal between the two powerful institutions would have created a banking monolith.

N-COUNT disapproval

monolithic

[D.J.:ˌmɔnəˈlɪθɪk]

[K.K.:ˌmɑnəˈlɪθɪk]

adj.

独块巨石的

整体的

庞大的

monolithic

1. monolithic
If you refer to an organization or system as monolithic , you are critical of it because it is very large and very slow to change, and does not seem to have different parts with different characters.

- ...an authoritarian and monolithic system.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. monolithic
If you describe something such as a building as monolithic , you do not like it because it is very large and plain with no character.

- ...a huge monolithic concrete building.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

monolithic

adjective

huge

colossal

impenetrable

intractable

massive

monumental

solid

monologue

[D.J.:ˈmɔnəlɔɡ]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnəˌlɔɡ, -ˌlɑɡ]

n.

(戏剧)长篇独白

滔滔不绝的讲话

monologue *

1. monologue monologues
If you refer to a long speech by one person during a conversation as a monologue , you mean it prevents other people from talking or expressing their opinions.

- Morris ignored the question and continued his monologue.

N-COUNT

2. monologue monologues
A monologue is a long speech which is spoken by one person as an entertainment, or as part of an entertainment such as a play.

- ...a monologue based on the writing of Quentin Crisp.

N-VAR
= dialogue

monologue

noun

speech

harangue

lecture

sermon

soliloquy

mononucleosis

[D.J.:ˌmɔnəuˌnju:kli:ˈəusis]

[K.K.:ˌmɑnoˈnukliɚ, -ˈnju-]

n.

单核细胞增多症

mononucleosis

mononucleosis
Mononucleosis is a disease which causes swollen glands, fever, and a sore throat. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use glandular fever )
N
= mono

monopolistic

[məˌnɔpəˈlistik]

adj.

独占的,垄断的,专利的

monopolistic

monopolistic
If you refer to a business or its practices as monopolistic , you mean that it tries to control as much of an industry as it can and does not allow fair competition.
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

monopolization

n.

独占,专卖;垄断

monopolize

[D.J.:məˈnɔpəˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:məˈnɑpəˌlaɪz]

vt.

垄断, 独占;专卖, 专营

monopolize *

1. monopolize monopolizes monopolizing monopolized
If you say that someone monopolizes something, you mean that they have a very large share of it and prevent other people from having a share.

- They are controlling so much cocoa that they are virtually monopolizing the market.

- Johnson, as usual, monopolized the conversation.

VB (BRIT) also monopolise

2. monopolization

- ...the monopolization of a market by a single supplier.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. monopolize monopolizes monopolizing monopolized
If something or someone monopolizes you, they demand a lot of your time and attention, so that there is very little time left for anything or anyone else.

- He would monopolize her totally, to the exclusion of her brothers and sisters.

VB (BRIT) also monopolise

monopolize

verb

control

corner the market in

dominate

hog slang

keep to oneself

take over

monopoly

[D.J.:məˈnɔpəli]

[K.K.:məˈnɑpəli]

n.

垄断, 专卖

垄断权, 专利权

monopoly **

1. monopoly monopolies
If a company, person, or state has a monopoly on something such as an industry, they have complete control over it, so that it is impossible for others to become involved in it.

- ...Russian moves to end a state monopoly on land ownership.

- ...the governing party's monopoly over the media.

- ...an inquiry by the Monopolies Commission.

N-VAR: oft with poss, oft N on/over n/-ing

2. monopoly monopolies
A monopoly is a company which is the only one providing a particular product or service.

- ...a state-owned monopoly.

N-COUNT

3. monopoly
If you say that someone does not have a monopoly on something, you mean that they are not the only person who has that thing.

- Women do not have a monopoly on feelings of betrayal.

N-SING: with brd-neg, usu N on n

monorail

[D.J.:ˈmɔnəˌreɪl]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnəˌrel]

n.

单轨(铁路)

单轨索道

monorail

monorail monorails
A monorail is a system of transport in which small trains travel along a single rail which is usually high above the ground.
N-COUNT: also by N

monosodium glutamate

monosodium glutamate
Monosodium glutamate is a substance which is sometimes added to savoury food to make it taste better. The abbreviation MSG is also used.
N-UNCOUNT

monosyllabic

[D.J.:ˌmɔnəsɪˈlæbɪk]

[K.K.:ˌmɑnəsɪˈlæbɪk]

adj.

<术>(词)单音节的

(言语)简短而粗鲁的

monosyllabically

adv.

monosyllabic

monosyllabic
If you refer to someone or the way they speak as monosyllabic , you mean that they say very little, usually because they do not want to have a conversation.

- He could be gruff and monosyllabic.

ADJ-GRADED

monosyllable

[D.J.:ˈmɔnəˌsɪləbəl]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnəˌsɪləbəl]

n.

单音节词

monosyllable

monosyllable monosyllables
If you say that someone speaks in monosyllables you mean that they speak very little, usually because they do not want to have a conversation.

- A taciturn man, he replied to my questions in monosyllables.

N-COUNT: usu in N in pl

monotone

[D.J.:ˈmɔnəˌtəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnəˌton]

n.

单调的语调,单调的声音

adj.

发单调音的

单色的

monotone

1. monotone monotones
If someone speaks in a monotone , their voice does not vary at all in tone or loudness and so it is not interesting to listen to.

- The evidence was read out to the court in a dull monotone.

N-COUNT: usu sing, also in N
= drone

2. monotone
A monotone sound or surface does not have any variation in its tone or colour.

- He was seen on TV delivering platitudes about the crisis in a monotone voice.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

monotonous

[D.J.:məˈnɔtənəs]

[K.K.:məˈnɑtnəs]

adj.

无变化的, 单调乏味的

monotonously

adv.

单调地,无变化地

monotonous *

1. monotonous
Something that is monotonous is very boring because it has a regular, repeated pattern which never changes.

- It's monotonous work, like most factory jobs.

- The food may get a bit monotonous, but there'll be enough of it.

ADJ-GRADED
= repetitive ≠ varied

2. monotonously

- The rain dripped monotonously from the trees.

ADV-GRADED

monotonous

adjective

tedious

boring

dull

humdrum

mind-numbing

repetitive

tiresome

unchanging

wearisome

monotony

[D.J.:məˈnɔtni:]

[K.K.:məˈnɑtni]

n.

单调乏味;无聊

monotony

monotony
The monotony of something is the fact that it never changes and is boring.

- A night on the town may help to break the monotony of the week.

- ...a life of secure monotony.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

monotony

noun

tedium

boredom

monotonousness

repetitiveness

routine

sameness

tediousness

Monsignor

[D.J.:mɔnˈsi:njə]

[K.K.:mɑnˈsinjɚ]

n.

<意>阁下(对天主教高级神职教士的尊称)

Monsignor *

Monsignor
Monsignor is the title of a priest of high rank in the Catholic Church.

- Monsignor Jaime Goncalves was also there.

- The Monsignor gave him a slow, expressionless nod.

N-TITLE; N-COUNT: usu sing

monsoon

[D.J.:mɔnˈsu:n]

[K.K.:mɑnˈsun]

n.

(南亚、尤指印度洋的)季风

(与季风相伴的)雨季

monsoon *

1. monsoon monsoons
The monsoon is the season in Southern Asia when there is a lot of very heavy rain.

- ...the end of the monsoon.

- ...monsoon flooding.

N-COUNT: oft the N

2. monsoon monsoons
Monsoon rains are sometimes referred to as the monsoons .

- In Bangladesh, the monsoons have started.

N-PLURAL: oft the N

monster

[D.J.:ˈmɔnstə]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnstɚ]

adj.

巨大的, 庞大的

n.

怪物

坏人, 恶人

monster **

1. monster monsters
A monster is a large imaginary creature that looks very ugly and frightening.
N-COUNT

2. monster monsters
A monster is something which is extremely large, especially something which is difficult to manage or which is unpleasant.

- ...the monster which is now the London marathon.

- ...the monster of apartheid.

N-COUNT

3. monster
Monster means extremely and surprisingly large. (INFORMAL)

- ...a monster weapon...

- The film will be a monster hit.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= giant

4. monster monsters
If you describe someone as a monster , you mean that they are cruel, frightening, or evil.
N-COUNT
= fiend

monster

noun

1.

brute

beast

demon

devil

fiend

villain

2.

freak

monstrosity

mutant

3.

giant

colossus

mammoth

titan

adjective

4.

huge

colossal

enormous

gigantic

immense

mammoth

massive

stupendous

tremendous

monstrosity

[D.J.:mɔnˈstrɔsɪti:]

[K.K.:mɑnˈstrɑsɪti]

n.

庞然大物,怪物,巨兽

monstrosity

monstrosity monstrosities
If you describe something, especially something large, as a monstrosity , you mean that you think it is extremely ugly.

- Most of the older buildings have been torn down and replaced by modern monstrosities.

N-COUNT disapproval

monstrosity

noun

eyesore

freak

horror

monster

monstrous

[D.J.:ˈmɔnstrəs]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnstrəs]

adj.

极可恶的;令人震惊的

尺寸大得不顺眼的, 大得古怪的

monstrous *

1. monstrous
If you describe a situation or event as monstrous , you mean that it is extremely shocking or unfair.

- She endured the monstrous behaviour for years.

- I just hope the people who committed this monstrous evil will be able to live with themselves.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= atrocious

2. monstrously

- Your husband's family has behaved monstrously.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. monstrous
If you describe an unpleasant thing as monstrous , you mean that it is extremely large in size or extent.

- A group of men are erecting a monstrous copper edifice.

- It was blowing a monstrous gale.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis

4. monstrously

- It would be monstrously unfair.

- Monstrously inflated prices are designed to keep people like us at bay.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/-ed
= hugely

5. monstrous
If you describe something as monstrous , you mean that it is extremely frightening because it appears unnatural or ugly.

- ...the film's monstrous fantasy figure.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= hideous

monstrous

adjective

1.

unnatural

fiendish

freakish

frightful

grotesque

gruesome

hideous

horrible

2.

outrageous

diabolical

disgraceful

foul

inhuman

intolerable

scandalous

shocking

3.

huge

colossal

enormous

immense

mammoth

massive

prodigious

stupendous

tremendous

montage

[D.J.:mɔnˈtɑ:ʒ]

[K.K.:mɑnˈtɑʒ, mɔŋ-]

n.

蒙太奇, (电影、电视的)镜头组接

合成画, 叠化剪辑

montage

montage montages
A montage is a picture, film, or piece of music which consists of several different items that are put together, often in an unusual combination or sequence.

- ...a photo montage of some of Italy's top television stars.

N-COUNT

month

[D.J.:mʌnθ]

[K.K.:mʌnθ]

n.

月, 月份

一个月的时间

month *****

1. month months
A month is one of the twelve periods of time that a year is divided into, for example January or February.

- The trial is due to begin next month.

- ...an exhibition which opens this month at London's Design Museum...

- I send him fifteen dollars a month.

N-COUNT

2. month months
A month is a period of about four weeks.

- She was here for a month.

- Over the next several months I met most of her family.

- They had all spent £430 for a month's unlimited train travel around Europe.

N-COUNT

monthlies

月经

monthly

[D.J.:ˈmʌnθli]

[K.K.:ˈmʌnθli]

adj. & adv.

每月的[地], 每月一次的[地]

n.

月刊

monthly ***

1. monthly
A monthly event or publication happens or appears every month.

- Many people are now having trouble making their monthly house payments.

- Kidscape runs monthly workshops for teachers.

- ...Young Guard, a monthly journal founded in 1922.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. monthly
Also an adverb.

- In some areas the property price can rise monthly.

ADV: ADV after v

3. monthly monthlies
You can refer to a publication that is published monthly as a monthly .

- ...Scallywag, a London satirical monthly.

- ...the Nairobi Law Monthly.

N-COUNT: oft in names

4. monthly
Monthly quantities or rates relate to a period of one month.

- The monthly rent for a two-bedroom flat would be £953.33.

- Monthly interest costs vary.

ADJ: ADJ n

monument

[D.J.:ˈmɔnjumənt]

[K.K.:ˈmɑnjəmənt]

n.

纪念碑

遗迹, 遗址, 名胜古迹

monument **

1. monument monuments
A monument is a large structure, usually made of stone, which is built to remind people of an event in history or of a famous person.
N-COUNT

2. monument monuments
A monument is something such as a castle or bridge which was built a very long time ago and is regarded as an important part of a country's history.

- ...the ancient monuments of England, Scotland and Wales.

N-COUNT

3. monument monuments
If you describe something as a monument to someone's qualities, you mean that it is a very good example of the results or effects of those qualities.

- By his international achievements he leaves a fitting monument to his beliefs.

N-COUNT: N to n

monument

noun

memorial

cairn

cenotaph

commemoration

gravestone

headstone

marker

mausoleum

shrine

tombstone

monumental

[D.J.:ˌmɔnjəˈmentl]

[K.K.:ˌmɑnjəˈmɛntl..]

adj.

纪念碑的;纪念物的

雄伟的, 巨大的

(错误等)极大的, 非常的

monumentally

[mɔnjuˈmentəli]

adv.

纪念地,非常地

monumental *

1. monumental
You can use monumental to emphasize the size or extent of something.

- It had been a monumental blunder to give him the assignment.

- ...a series of monumental disappointments.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis
= huge

2. monumentally

- Suddenly it was monumentally successful.

- That was the most monumentally hideous night of my life!

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/-ed, also ADV after v

3. monumental
If you describe a book or musical work as monumental , you are emphasizing that it is very large and impressive, and is likely to be important for a long time.

- ...his monumental work on Chinese astronomy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis

4. monumental
A monumental building or sculpture is very large and impressive.

- I take no real interest in monumental sculpture.

ADJ: ADJ n

monumental

adjective

1.

important

awesome

enormous

epoch-making

historic

majestic

memorable

significant

unforgettable

2.

immense

colossal

great

massive

staggering

moo

[D.J.:mu:]

[K.K.:mu]

n.

(牛叫声)哞

moo

1. moo moos mooing mooed
When cattle, especially cows, moo , they make the long low sound that cattle typically make.

- ...a sound like a cow mooing.

VB
= low

2. moo
Also a noun.

- The cow says `moo-moo'.

N-COUNT; SOUND

mooch around

mooch around mooches around; mooching around; mooched around
If you mooch around or mooch about a place, you move around there slowly with no particular purpose.

- Andrew was left to mooch around the house on his own.

- He was awake at 3am, mooching about in the darkness.

PHR-V (BRIT) also mooch about
= wander around

mood

[D.J.:mu:d]

[K.K.:mud]

n.

心情, 情绪

语气

mood ***

1. mood moods
If you say that you are in the mood for something, you mean that you want to do it or have it. If you say that you are in no mood to do something, you mean that you do not want to do it or have it.

- He is clearly in a good mood today.

- When he came back, he was in a foul mood.

- Lily was in one of her aggressive moods.

- His moods swing alarmingly.

- After a day of air and activity, you should be in the mood for a good meal.

- He was in no mood to celebrate.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v, oft PHR for n/-ing, PHR to-inf

2. mood moods
If someone is in a mood , the way they are behaving shows that they are feeling angry and impatient.

- She was obviously in a mood.

N-COUNT: oft in a N
= temper

3. mood
The mood of a group of people is the way that they think and feel about an idea, event, or question at a particular time.

- The government seemed to be in tune with the popular mood.

- They largely misread the mood of the electorate.

N-SING: usu with supp, oft with poss

4. mood moods
The mood of a place is the general impression that you get of it.

- First set the mood with music.

- I wanted different moods in each room.

N-COUNT
= atmosphere

5. mood moods
In grammar, the mood of a clause is the way in which the verb forms are used to show whether the clause is, for example, a statement, a question, or an instruction.
N-VAR

mood

noun Informal

state of mind

disposition

frame of mind

humour

spirit

temper

moodily

adv.

心情不稳地,易生气地

moodiness

n.

喜怒无常,闷闷不乐

moody

[D.J.:ˈmu:di:]

[K.K.:ˈmudi]

adj.

喜怒无常的,情绪多变的

(无缘无故)不高兴的,愤怒的

moodily

adv.

喜怒无常地,情绪多变地

moodiness

n.

喜怒无常

moody **

1. moody moodier moodiest
If you describe someone as moody , you mean that their feelings and behaviour change frequently, and in particular that they often become depressed or angry without any warning.

- David's mother was unstable and moody.

- Ray is a complicated, moody man behind the joking front.

ADJ-GRADED
= temperamental

2. moodily

- He sat and stared moodily out the window.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. moodiness

- His moodiness may have been caused by his poor health.

N-UNCOUNT

4. moody moodier moodiest
If you describe a picture, film, or piece of music as moody , you mean that it suggests particular emotions, especially sad ones.

- ...moody black and white photographs.

- ...a blend of melancholy guitars and moody lyrics.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= atmospheric

moody

adjective

1.

sullen

gloomy

glum

ill-tempered

irritable

morose

sad

sulky

temperamental

touchy

2.

changeable

capricious

erratic

fickle

flighty

impulsive

mercurial

temperamental

unpredictable

volatile

moon

[D.J.:mu:n]

[K.K.:mun]

n.

月亮, 月球

卫星

mooned

[mu:nd]

adj.

〈诗〉月亮般的

mooning

[ˈmu:niŋ]

n.

月晕,发黄(熔块瓷缺陷)

moon ***

1. moon
The moon is the object that you can often see in the sky at night. It goes round the Earth once every four weeks, and as it does so its appearance changes from a circle to part of a circle.

- ...the first man on the moon...

- There will be no moon.

- ...the light of a full moon.

N-SING: usu the N, also full/new N
See also new moon .

2. moon moons
A moon is an object similar to a small planet that travels around a planet.

- ...Neptune's large moon.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

3. moon moons mooning mooned
If you are mooning around, you are spending time doing nothing in particular, for example because you feel unhappy or lazy, or are worried about something.

- Lettie was mooning around all morning, doing nothing.

- My working days were spent mooning round his department, trying to sneak a chance encounter.

VB: usu cont
= mope

4. moon moons mooning mooned
If you moon at someone, you turn your back to them and show them your bare bottom. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
VB

5. moon
If you say that something happens once in a blue moon , you are emphasizing that it does not happen very often at all.

- Once in a blue moon you get some problems.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

6. moon
If you say that you are over the moon , you mean that you are very pleased about something. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
PHR: v-link PHR
= overjoyed

moon

noun

1.

satellite

verb

2.

idle

daydream

languish

mope

waste time

moonbeam

[D.J.:ˈmu:nbi:m]

[K.K.:ˈmunˌbim]

n.

月光

moonbeam

moonbeam moonbeams
A moonbeam is a ray of light from the moon.
N-COUNT

moonless

[D.J.:ˈmu:nlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈmunlɪs]

adj.

无月光的

<天>(行星)无卫星的

moonless

moonless
A moonless sky or night is dark because there is no moon.
ADJ

moonlight

[D.J.:ˈmu:nˌlaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈmunˌlaɪt]

n.

月光

do a moonlight flit

(通常为躲债而)潜逃

moonlighter

n.

参与夜袭的人

moonlighting

n.

月光下的活动

moonlighter

非法酿[卖]酒的人;同时兼两个职业的人;参与夜袭的人;〈美〉月光团员

moonlighting

[D.J.:ˈmu:nˌlaɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmunˌlaɪtɪŋ]

n.

兼差

夜间活动

moonlight *

1. moonlight
Moonlight is the light that comes from the moon at night.

- They walked along the road in the moonlight.

- We went to the temple of Atlantis and saw it by moonlight.

N-UNCOUNT

2. moonlight moonlights moonlighting moonlighted
If someone moonlights ,they have a second job in addition to their main job, often without informing their main employers or the tax office.

- ...an engineer who was moonlighting as a taxi driver...

- Workers in state enterprises were permitted to moonlight.

VB

moonlit

[D.J.:ˈmu:nˌlɪt]

[K.K.:ˈmunˌlɪt]

adj.

月光照耀的

moonlit

moonlit
Something that is moonlit is lit by moonlight.

- ...a beautiful moonlit night.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

moonshine

[D.J.:ˈmu:nʃain]

[K.K.:ˈmunˌʃaɪn]

n.

月光,空谈,妄想

moonshine

1. moonshine
Moonshine is whisky that is made illegally. (mainly AM)
N-UNCOUNT

2. moonshine
If you say that someone's thoughts, ideas, or comments are moonshine , you think they are foolish and not based on reality.

- As Morison remarks, the story is pure moonshine.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= fantasy

moor

[D.J.:mʊə]

[K.K.:mʊr]

n.

荒野, 旷野

vt. & vi.

停泊, 系泊(船只)

moored

系泊的

mooring

[D.J.:ˈmuəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmʊrɪŋ]

n.

停泊处

moorings

[ˈmuəriŋz]

n.

(船的)系泊用具

系留用具

moor **

1. moor moors
A moor is an area of open and usually high land with poor soil that is covered mainly with grass and heather. (mainly BRIT)

- Colliford is higher, right up on the moors.

- Exmoor National Park stretches over 265 square miles of moor.

N-VAR

2. moor moors mooring moored
If you moor a boat somewhere, you stop and tie it to the land with a rope or chain so that it cannot move away.

- She had moored her barge on the right bank of the river.

- I decided to moor near some tourist boats.

VB
= tie up

3. moor moors
The Moors were a Muslim people who established a civilization in North Africa and Spain between the 8th and the 15th century A.D.
N-COUNT: usu pl

mooring *

1. mooring moorings
A mooring is a place where a boat can be tied so that it cannot move away, or the object it is tied to.

- Free moorings will be available.

- ...mooring fees.

N-COUNT

2. mooring moorings
Moorings are the ropes, chains, and other objects used to moor a boat.

- He cut the engine and grabbed the mooring lines.

- Emergency workers fear that the burning ship could slip its moorings.

N-PLURAL: oft N n

moor

noun

moorland

fell Brit.

heath

moor

verb

tie up

anchor

berth

dock

lash

make fast

secure

Moorish

[ˈmuəriʃ]

adj.

摩尔人的,(建筑,家具等)摩尔人式的,摩尔人风格的

Moorish

Moorish
Something that is Moorish belongs to or is characteristic of the Muslim civilization in North Africa and Spain between the 8th and the 15th century A.D.

- ...a medieval Moorish palace.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

moorland

[D.J.:ˈmuələnd]

[K.K.:ˈmʊrˌlænd]

n.

高沼地; 广袤的荒野

moorland *

moorland
Moorland is land which consists of moors.

- ...rugged Yorkshire moorland.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

moose

[D.J.:mu:s]

[K.K.:mus]

n.

〈动〉(北美)麋, 驼鹿

moose *

moose
A moose is a large type of deer. Moose have big flat horns called antlers and are found in Northern Europe, Asia, and North America. Some British speakers use moose to refer to the North American variety of this animal, and elk to refer to the European and Asian varieties.
N-COUNT moose is both the singular and the plural form

moot

[D.J.:mu:t]

[K.K.:mut]

n.

大会,审议会

adj.

未决议的,无实际意义的

vt.

提出…供讨论

mooted

[ˈmu:tid]

adj.

〈美〉未决定的,有争议的,有疑问的

moot *

1. moot moots mooting mooted
If a plan, idea, or subject is mooted , it is suggested or introduced for discussion. (FORMAL)

- Plans have been mooted for a 450,000-strong Ukrainian army.

- When the theatre idea was first mooted I had my doubts.

VB: usu passive
= propose put forward

2. moot
If something is a moot point or question, people cannot agree about it.

- How long he'll be able to do so is a moot point.

ADJ-GRADED

moot

adjective

1.

debatable

arguable

contestable

controversial

disputable

doubtful

undecided

unresolved

unsettled

verb

2.

bring up

broach

propose

put forward

suggest

mop

[D.J.:mɔp]

[K.K.:mɑp]

n.

(擦地板用的)拖把

蓬乱的头发

vt.

用拖把擦(地板等)

擦掉, 抹掉

mop *

1. mop mops
A mop is a piece of equipment for washing floors. It consists of a sponge or many pieces of string attached to a long handle.
N-COUNT

2. mop mops mopping mopped
If you mop a surface such as a floor, you clean it with a mop.

- There was a woman mopping the stairs.

VB

3. mop mops mopping mopped
If you mop sweat from your forehead or mop your forehead, you wipe it with a piece of cloth.

- He mopped perspiration from his forehead.

- The Inspector took out a handkerchief and mopped his brow.

VB
= wipe

4. mop mops
If someone has a mop of hair, they have a lot of hair and it looks rather untidy.

- He was long-limbed and dark-eyed, with a mop of tight, dark curls.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

mop

noun

1.

squeegee

sponge

swab

2.

mane

shock

tangle

thatch

mop up *

1. mop up mops up; mopping up; mopped up
If you mop up a liquid, you clean it with a cloth so that the liquid is absorbed.

- A waiter mopped up the mess as best he could.

- When the washing machine spurts out water at least we can mop it up.

- Michael mopped up quickly with his napkin.

PHR-V
= wipe up

2. mop up mops up; mopping up; mopped up
If you mop up something that you think is undesirable or dangerous, you remove it or deal with it so that it is no longer a problem.

- The infantry divisions mopped up remaining centres of resistance.

- These reactive molecules are mopped up and made harmless by Vitamin E.

PHR-V

mop up

verb

clean up

soak up

sponge

swab

wash

wipe

mope

[D.J.:məʊp]

[K.K.:mop]

vi.

mope about/around

<贬>忧郁地闲荡

moped

[D.J.:ˈməʊˌped]

[K.K.:ˈmoˌpɛd]

n.

摩托自行车

mopeds

轻型摩托车胎

mope

mope mopes moping moped
If you mope , you feel miserable and do not feel interested in doing anything.

- Get on with life and don't sit back and mope.

VB

moped

moped mopeds
A moped is a small motorcycle which you can also pedal like a bicycle. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

mope

verb

brood

fret

languish

moon

pine

pout

sulk

mope around

mope around mopes around; moping around; moped around
If you mope around or mope about a place, you wander around there not doing anything, looking and feeling unhappy.

- He moped around the office for a while, feeling bored.

- He mopes about all day.

PHR-V (BRIT) also mope about

MOR

abbr.

Magneto-Optical Rotation 磁致旋光

MOR

abbr.

Magneto-Optical Rotation 磁致旋光

MOR

MOR
MOR is a type of pop music which is pleasant and not extreme or unusual. MOR is an abbreviation of 'middle-of-the-road'.

- ...MOR singer Daniel O'Donnell.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

moral

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:rəl]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrəl, ˈmɑr-]

adj.

道德上的, 有道德的

道义上的

n.

教育意义, 寓意

道德, 品行, 道德规范

morally

[D.J.:ˈm ɔ:rəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈm ɔrəlɪ]

adv.

道德上;有道德地

确实地

morals

[ˈmɔrəlz]

n.

道德；(男女间的)品德，品行；道德规范

moral ***

1. moral morals
Morals are principles and beliefs concerning right and wrong behaviour.

- ...Western ideas and morals...

- They have no morals.

N-PLURAL
= ethics

2. moral
Moral means relating to beliefs about what is right or wrong.

- She describes her own moral dilemma in making the film.

- ...matters of church doctrine and moral teaching.

- ...the moral issues involved in `playing God'.

ADJ: ADJ n
= ethical

3. morally

- When, if ever, is it morally justifiable to allow a patient to die?.

- Is there really morally any difference between slaughtering a cow for food and a horse for food?

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv, ADV after v, ADV with cl

4. moral
Moral courage or duty is based on what you believe is right or acceptable, rather than on what the law says should be done.

- The Government had a moral, if not a legal duty to pay compensation.

- ...his moral courage and sane defence of his philosophy.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. moral
A moral person behaves in a way that is believed by most people to be good and right.

- The people who will be on the committee are moral, cultured, competent people.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= ethical

6. morally

- Art is not there to improve you morally.

ADV: ADV with v

7. moral
If you give someone moral support, you encourage them in what they are doing by expressing approval.

- Moral as well as financial support was what the West should provide.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. moral morals
The moral of a story or event is what you learn from it about how you should or should not behave.

- I think the moral of the story is let the buyer beware.

- The moral is that, once cooked, they look the same and taste every bit as good.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing
= message

moral

adjective

1.

good

decent

ethical

high-minded

honourable

just

noble

principled

right

virtuous

noun

2.

lesson

meaning

message

point

significance

morals

plural noun

morality

behaviour

conduct

ethics

habits

integrity

manners

mores

principles

scruples

standards

morale

[D.J.:mɔˈrɑ:l]

[K.K.:məˈræl]

n.

士气; 斗志

morale **

morale
Morale is the amount of confidence and cheerfulness that a group of people have.

- Many pilots are suffering from low morale.

- They hope to boost the morale of their troops.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

morale

noun

confidence

esprit de corps

heart

self-esteem

spirit

morale booster

morale booster morale boosters
You can refer to something that makes people feel more confident and cheerful as a morale booster .

- This win has been a great morale booster.

N-COUNT: usu sing

morale-boosting

morale-boosting
A morale-boosting action or event makes people feel more confident and cheerful.

- ...the President's morale-boosting visit to the troops.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

moral fibre

moral fibre
Moral fibre is the quality of being determined to do what you think is right.

- ...a man of stern moral fibre.

- ...the destruction of the moral fibre of the nation.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) moral fiber

moralist

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:rəlɪst, ˈmɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrəlɪst, ˈmɑr-]

n.

道德家,道德主义者,说教者

moralistic

adj.

moralistic

[D.J.:ˌmɔ:rəˈlɪstɪk, ˌmɔr-]

[K.K.:ˌmɔrəˈlɪstɪk, ˌmɑr-]

adj.

说教的;教训的

道德家的

注意道德的

道学的

moralist

moralist moralists
A moralist is someone who has strong ideas about right and wrong behaviour, and who tries to make other people behave according to these ideas.
N-COUNT

moralistic

moralistic
If you describe someone or something as moralistic , you are critical of them for making harsh judgements of other people on the basis of their own ideas about what is right and wrong.

- He has become more moralistic.

- To me moralistic films are just unbearable.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= self-righteous

morality

[D.J.:məˈræliti]

[K.K.:məˈrælɪti, mɔ-]

n.

道德; 德行

morality **

1. morality
Morality is the belief that some behaviour is right and acceptable and that other behaviour is wrong.

- ...standards of morality and justice in society.

- ...an effort to preserve traditional morality.

N-UNCOUNT
= ethics

2. morality moralities
A morality is a system of principles and values concerning people's behaviour, which is generally accepted by a society or by a particular group of people.

- ...a morality that is sexist.

- ...communities and their shared moralities.

N-COUNT
= ethic

3. morality
The morality of something is how right or acceptable it is.

- ...the arguments about the morality of blood sports.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n

morality

noun

1.

integrity

decency

goodness

honesty

justice

righteousness

virtue

2.

standards

conduct

ethics

manners

morals

mores

philosophy

principles

moralize

[D.J.:ˈmɔrəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrəˌlaɪz, ˈmɑr-]

vi.

论道德, 说教

moralize

1. moralize moralizes moralizing moralized
If you say that someone is moralizing , you are critical of them for telling people what they think is right or wrong, especially when they have not been asked their opinion.

- As a dramatist I hate to moralize.

- Society in general moralized about `loose women'.

VB (BRIT) also moralise disapproval
= preach

2. moralizing

- We have tried to avoid any moralising.

N-UNCOUNT

moral majority

moral majority
If there is a large group in society that holds strong, conservative opinions on matters of morality and religion, you can refer to these people as the moral majority . In the United States, there is an organized group called the Moral Majority .

- ...unless the writers begin to write decent comedy and stop pandering to the moral majority.

N-SING-COLL; N-PROPER-COLL: the N

morass

[D.J.:məˈræs, mɔ:-]

[K.K.:məˈræs, mɔ-]

n.

缠作一团,困境

<文>沼泽

陷阱

morass

morass morasses
If you describe an unpleasant or confused situation as a morass , you mean that it seems impossible to escape from or resolve, because it has become so serious or so complicated.

- I tried to drag myself out of the morass of despair.

- ...the economic morass.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp, oft N of n
= quagmire

morass

noun

1.

marsh

bog

fen

quagmire

slough

swamp

2.

mess

confusion

mix-up

muddle

tangle

moratoria

[ˌmɔrəˈtɔ:riə]

n.

延期偿付,延期偿付期间(moratorium的复数)

moratorium

[D.J.:ˌmɔ:rəˈtɔ:ri:əm, -ˈtəʊr-, ˌmɔr-]

[K.K.:ˌmɔrəˈtɔriəm, -ˈtor-, ˌmɑr-]

n.

正式的延缓,暂停

moratorium *

moratorium moratoriums or moratoria
A moratorium on a particular activity or process is the stopping of it for a fixed period of time, usually as a result of an official agreement.

- The House voted to impose a one-year moratorium on nuclear testing.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N on n

moratorium

noun

postponement

freeze

halt

standstill

suspension

morbid

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:bɪd]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrbɪd]

adj.

(兴趣、精神、思想等)病态的, 不健康的

疾病的;生病的;致病的

morbidly

adv.

病态地

morbid *

1. morbid
If you describe a person or their interest in something as morbid , you mean that they are very interested in unpleasant things, especially death, and you think this is strange.

- Some people have a morbid fascination with crime.

- ...morbid curiosity about the convicted murderer.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= ghoulish

2. morbidly

- There's something morbidly fascinating about the thought.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

morbid

adjective

1.

unwholesome

ghoulish

gloomy

melancholy

sick

sombre

unhealthy

2.

gruesome

dreadful

ghastly

grisly

hideous

horrid

macabre

mordant

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:dnt]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrdn..t]

adj.

(指讽刺等)刻薄的,尖锐的

刺痛的

腐蚀的,有清洁作用的

n.

媒染剂,酸洗剂

mordant

mordant
Mordant humour is very critical and often mocks someone or something. (FORMAL)

- ...a book in which he discussed with a mordant wit the nasty racism of little middle class English children.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= biting

mordant

adjective

sarcastic

biting

caustic

cutting

incisive

pungent

scathing

stinging

trenchant

more

[D.J.:mɔ:]

[K.K.:mɔr, mor]

adv.

更, 更加

adj.

更多的

pron.

更多的量

more *****

( More is often considered to be the comparative form of much and many .)

1. more
You use more to indicate that there is a greater amount of something than before or than average, or than something else. You can use `a little', `a lot', `a bit', `far', and `much' in front of more .

- More and more people are surviving heart attacks.

- He spent more time perfecting his dance moves instead of gym work.

- ...teaching more children foreign languages other than English...

- It's a good idea to give adolescents a little more information than they ask for.

DET: DET pl-n/n-uncount
≠ less

2. more
Also a pronoun.

- As the level of work increased from light to heavy, workers ate more.

- He had four hundred dollars in his pocket. Billy had more.

PRON

3. more
Also a quantifier.

- Employees may face increasing pressure to take on more of their own medical costs in retirement.

- The urgent need to bolster the reforms is beginning to demand more of his attention.

QUANT: QUANT of def-n

4. more
You use more than before a number or amount to say that the actual number or amount is even greater.

- The Afghan authorities say the airport had been closed for more than a year.

- ...classy leather and silk jackets at more than £250.

- ...a survey of more than 1,500 schools.

PHR-PREP: PREP amount
= over ≠ less than

5. more
You use more to indicate that something or someone has a greater amount of a quality than they used to or than is average or usual.

- Prison conditions have become more brutal.

- We can satisfy our basic wants more easily than in the past.

ADV-COMPAR: ADV adj/adv
≠ less

6. more
If you say that something is more one thing than another, you mean that it is like the first thing rather than the second.

- The exhibition at Boston's Museum of Fine Arts is more a production than it is a museum display.

- He's more like a film star than a life-guard, really.

- She looked more sad than in pain.

- Sue screamed, not loudly, more in surprise than terror.

- She's more of a social animal than me.

ADV-COMPAR: ADV group than group/cl, ADV of a n
≠ less

7. more
If you do something more than before or more than someone else, you do it to a greater extent or more often.

- When we are tired, tense, depressed or unwell, we feel pain much more.

- What impressed me more was that she knew Tennessee Williams.

ADV-COMPAR: ADV with v
≠ less

8. more
You can use some more to indicate that something continues to happen for a further period of time.

- Things might have been different if I'd talked a bit more.

- We walked some more.

PHR: PHR after v

9. more
You use more to indicate that something is repeated. For example, if you do something `once more', you do it again once.

- This train would stop twice more in the suburbs before rolling southeast toward Munich.

- The breathing exercises should be repeated several times more.

ADV-COMPAR: adv ADV, n ADV

10. more
You use more to refer to an additional thing or amount. You can use `a little', `a lot', `a bit', `far' and `much' in front of more .

- They needed more time to consider whether to hold an inquiry.

DET: DET pl-n/n-uncount

11. more
Also an adjective.

- We stayed in Danville two more days.

- Are you sure you wouldn't like some more wine?

ADJ-COMPAR: ADJ n

12. more
Also a pronoun.

- Oxfam has appealed to western nations to do more to help the refugees.

- `None of them are very nice folks.' --- `Tell me more.'

PRON

13. more
You can use more in expressions like `no more, no less' and `neither more nor less' to indicate that what you are saying is exactly true or correct.

- I told him the truth. No more, no less.

- I'm sixty-two. I feel sixty-two, neither more nor less.

PRON

14. more
You use more in conversations when you want to draw someone's attention to something interesting or important that you are about to say.

- Over the past few decades, continental Europe's economies have converged in several areas. More interestingly, there has been convergence in economic growth rates.

- More seriously for him, there are members who say he is wrong on this issue.

ADV-COMPAR: ADV adv/adj
≠ less

15. more
You can use more and more to indicate that something is becoming greater in amount, extent, or degree all the time.

- Her life was heading more and more where she wanted it to go.

- Bob became more and more furious.

- More and more women are wearing men's fragrances.

PHR: usu PHR with v, PHR group/cl
= less and less

16. more
If something is more or less true, it is true in a general way, but is not completely true.

- The Conference is more or less over.

- He more or less started the firm.

- I was meeting these chaps who were mostly more or less my own age.

PHR: PHR with group/cl, PHR before v vagueness

17. more
If something is more than a particular thing, it has greater value or importance than this thing.

- He's more than a coach, he's a friend.

PHR: v-link PHR n
= less than

18. more
You use more than to say that something is true to a greater degree than is necessary or than average.

- Lithuania produces more than enough food to feed itself.

- ...accommodation which is roomy and offers more than generous stowage.

PHR: PHR n, PHR adj
= less than

19. more
You use no more than or not more than when you want to emphasize how small a number or amount is.

- Each box requires no more than a few hours of labor to build.

- He was a kid really, not more than eighteen or nineteen.

PHR: PHR amount emphasis
≠ no less than

20. more
If you say that someone or something is nothing more than a particular thing, you are emphasizing that they are only that thing, and nothing more interesting or important.

- The newly discovered notes are nothing more than Lang's personal journal.

PHR: v-link PHR n emphasis

21. more
You can use what is more or what's more to introduce an extra piece of information which supports or emphasizes the point you are making.

- Many more institutions, especially banks, were allowed to lend money for mortgages, and what was more, banks could lend out more money than they actually held.

- You should remember it, and what's more, you should get it right.

PHR: V inflects, PHR cl emphasis
= moreover furthermore

more

adjective

1.

extra

added

additional

further

new

other

supplementary

adverb

2.

to a greater extent

better

further

longer

moreish

adj.

让人爱吃的,叫人吃了还想吃的

moreish

moreish
If you describe food as moreish , you mean that it is so nice that you want to keep eating more of it once you have started. (INFORMAL)

- Thai food's very moreish, isn't it?

ADJ-GRADED

moreover

[D.J.:mɔ:ˈrəuvə]

[K.K.:mɔrˈovɚ, mor-, ˈmɔrˌovɚ, ˈmor-]

adv.

再者, 此外, 而且

moreover ***

moreover
You use moreover to introduce a piece of information that adds to or supports the previous statement. (FORMAL)

- She saw that there was indeed a man immediately behind her. Moreover, he was observing her strangely.

- The young find everything so simple. The young, moreover, see it as their duty to be happy and do their best to be so.

ADV: ADV with cl (not last in cl)
= furthermore what is more

moreover

adverb

furthermore

additionally

also

as well

besides

further

in addition

too

mores

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:rˌeɪz, -i:z, ˈməʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrˌez, -iz, ˈmor-]

n.

风俗,民德,道德观念

mores

mores
The mores of a particular place or group of people are the customs and behaviour that are typically found in that place or group. (FORMAL)

- ...the accepted mores of British society.

- ...profound changes in social and sexual mores.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp

morgue

[D.J.:mɔ:ɡ]

[K.K.:mɔrɡ]

n.

太平间,停尸房

morgue

morgue morgues
A morgue is a building or a room in a hospital where dead bodies are kept before they are buried or cremated, or before they are identified or examined.
N-COUNT
= mortuary

morgue

noun

mortuary

moribund

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:rəˌbʌnd, ˈmɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrəˌbʌnd, ˈmɑr-]

adj.

经营不善的;无进展的

moribund *

moribund
If you describe something as moribund , you mean that it is in a very bad condition. (FORMAL)

- ...the moribund economy.

- ...the moribund housing market...

- The British music scene is nostalgic, decrepit and moribund.

ADJ-GRADED

moribund

adjective

declining

on its last legs

stagnant

waning

weak

Mormon

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:mən]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrmən]

n.

摩门教徒

Mormon *

1. Mormon
Mormon means relating to the religion started by Joseph Smith in the United States.

- ...the Mormon church.

- ...a Mormon family.

ADJ

2. Mormon Mormons
Mormons are people who are Mormon.
N-COUNT

morn

[mɔ:n]

n.

〈诗〉黎明, 清晨

morn

morn
Morn means the same as morning. (LITERARY)

- ...one cold February morn.

N-SING: also no det

morning

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:niŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrnɪŋ]

n.

早晨, 上午

mornings

[ˈmɔ:niŋz]

adv.

〈美〉在早晨，在上午，任何一个早晨[上午]

morning *****

1. morning mornings
The morning is the part of each day between the time that people usually wake up and 12 o'clock noon or lunchtime.

- During the morning your guide will take you around the city.

- On Sunday morning Bill was woken by the telephone.

- He read about it in his morning paper.

N-VAR

2. morning
If you refer to a particular time in the morning , you mean a time between 12 o'clock midnight and 12 o'clock noon.

- I often stayed up until two or three in the morning.

- The attack happened in the early hours of the morning.

N-SING: the N

3. morning
If you say that something will happen in the morning , you mean that it will happen during the morning of the following day.

- I'll fly it to London in the morning.

- Melanie promised that she would call them in the morning.

PHR
= tomorrow morning

4. morning
If you say that something happens morning, noon and night , you mean that it happens all the time.

- You get fit by playing the game, day in, day out, morning, noon and night.

PHR: PHR after v

morning

noun

dawn

a.m.

break of day

daybreak

forenoon

morn poetic

sunrise

morning-after pill

morning-after pill morning-after pills
The morning-after pill is a pill that a woman can take some hours after having sex to prevent herself from becoming pregnant.
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

morning dress

morning dress
Morning dress is a suit that is worn by men for very formal occasions such as weddings. It consists of a grey or black coat that is longer at the back than the front, grey trousers, a white shirt, a grey tie, and often a top hat.
N-UNCOUNT

morning room

morning room morning rooms
In some large, old houses, the morning room is a living room which gets the sun in the morning. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT also morning-room .

morning sickness

morning sickness
Morning sickness is a feeling of sickness that some women have, often in the morning, when they are pregnant.
N-UNCOUNT

morning star

morning star
The morning star is the planet Venus, which can be seen shining in the sky just after the sun rises.
N-SING: the N

Moroccan

[məˈrɔkəŋ]

adj.

摩洛哥的

n.

摩洛哥人

Moroccan ***

1. Moroccan
Moroccan means belonging or relating to Morocco or to its people or culture.
ADJ

2. Moroccan Moroccans
A Moroccan is a Moroccan citizen, or a person of Moroccan origin.
N-COUNT

moron

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:rˌɔn, ˈməʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrˌɑn, ˈmor-]

n.

<口>傻子

痴愚者(指心理年龄在8至12岁的成年人)

moronic

adj.

moronic

[mɔ:ˈrɔnik]

adj.

低能的,鲁钝的

moron

moron morons
If you refer to someone as a moron , you think that they are very stupid. (OFFENSIVE)

- I used to think that Gordon was a moron.

- You moron!

N-COUNT disapproval
= idiot

moron

noun

fool

blockhead

cretin

dunce

dunderhead

halfwit

idiot

imbecile

oaf

moronic

moronic
If you say that a person or their behaviour is moronic , you think that they are very stupid. (OFFENSIVE)

- Most of them are just moronic.

- It was wanton, moronic vandalism.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= idiotic

moronic

adjective

idiotic

cretinous

foolish

halfwitted

imbecilic

mindless

stupid

unintelligent

morose

[D.J.:məˈrəʊs, mɔ:-]

[K.K.:məˈros, mɔ-]

adj.

闷闷不乐的,阴郁的

morosely

adv.

moroseness

n.

morosely

adv.

愁眉苦脸地,忧郁地

morose

1. morose
Someone who is morose is miserable, bad-tempered, and not willing to talk very much to other people.

- She was morose, pale, and reticent.

ADJ-GRADED

2. morosely

- One elderly man sat morosely at the bar.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

morose

adjective

sullen

depressed

dour

gloomy

glum

ill-tempered

moody

sour

sulky

surly

taciturn

morph

[mɔf]

n.

(动植物的)变种,变体;语子,语素形式,形素

morphing

变形

morph

morph morphs morphing morphed
If one thing morphs into another thing, especially something very different, the first thing changes into the second. (INFORMAL)

- Mild-mannered Stanley morphs into a confident, grinning hero.

VB

morphing

morphing
Morphing is a technique which involves using a computer to make an image on film or television appear to change shape or change into something else.
N-UNCOUNT

morpheme

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:fi:m]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrˌfim]

n.

形态素,词素

morpheme

morpheme morphemes
A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language. The words `the', `in', and `girl' consist of one morpheme. The word `girls' consists of two morphemes: `girl' and `s'.
N-COUNT

morphine

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:ˌfi:n]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrˌfin]

n.

吗啡

morphine *

morphine
Morphine is a drug used to relieve pain.
N-UNCOUNT

morphology

[D.J.:mɔ:ˈfɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:mɔrˈfɑlədʒi]

n.

形态学(尤指动植物形态学或词语形态学)

morphology

morphology
The morphology of something is its form and structure. In linguistics, morphology refers to the way words are constructed with stems, prefixes, and suffixes. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

morris dancer

morris dancer morris dancers
A morris dancer is a person who takes part in morris dancing.
N-COUNT

morris dancing

morris dancing
Morris dancing is a type of old English country dancing which is performed by people wearing special costumes.
N-UNCOUNT

morrow

[D.J.:ˈmɔrəu]

[K.K.:ˈmɔro, ˈmɑro]

n.

次日, 翌日, 明日

紧接其后的时间; 未来

morrow

1. morrow
The morrow means the next day or tomorrow. (LITERARY or OLD-FASHIONED)

- We do depart for Wales on the morrow.

N-SING: the N, oft on the N

2. morrow
Good morrow means the same as `good morning'. (LITERARY or OLD-FASHIONED)

- Good morrow to you, my lord.

CONVENTION

morse code

morse code
Morse code or morse is a code used for sending messages. It represents each letter of the alphabet using short and long sounds or flashes of light, which can be written down as dots and dashes.
N-UNCOUNT also Morse code .

morsel

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:səl]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrsəl]

n.

一口

(尤指食物)小块,碎屑

morsel

morsel morsels
A morsel is a very small amount of something, especially a very small piece of food.

- ...a delicious little morsel of meat.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n
= scrap

morsel

noun

piece

bit

bite

crumb

mouthful

part

scrap

soup¸con

taste

titbit

mortal

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:təl]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrtl]

adj.

终有一死的; 不会长生不死的

致命的

不共戴天的, 你死我活的

极度的, 极大的

凡人的, 世间的

n.

凡人, 人类

mortality

[D.J.:mɔ:ˈtælɪti:]

[K.K.:mɔrˈtælɪti]

n.

必死性

大量死亡

死亡率

mortally

[D.J.:ˈm ɔ:tlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈm ɔrt l..ɪ]

adv.

致命地

非常,很

mortal **

1. mortal
If you refer to the fact that people are mortal , you mean that they have to die and cannot live for ever.

- A man is deliberately designed to be mortal. He grows, he ages, and he dies.

ADJ
≠ immortal

2. mortality

- She has suddenly come face to face with her own mortality.

N-UNCOUNT: usu poss N

3. mortal mortals
You can describe someone as a mortal when you want to say that they are an ordinary person.

- Tickets seem unobtainable to the ordinary mortal.

- ...impossible needs for any mere mortal to meet.

N-COUNT
= human

4. mortal
You can use mortal to show that something is very serious or may cause death.

- The police were defending themselves and others against mortal danger.

- Broadcasting was regarded at the time as the mortal enemy of live music-making.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

5. mortally

- He falls, mortally wounded.

ADV: usu ADV -ed/adj/adv

6. mortal
You can use mortal to emphasize that a feeling is extremely great or severe.

- When self-esteem is high, we lose our mortal fear of jealousy.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

7. mortally

- Candida admits to having been `mortally embarrassed'.

ADV: ADV -ed/adj/adv

mortality

mortality
The mortality in a particular place or situation is the number of people who die.

- ...the relationships between mortality and unemployment...

- The nation's infant mortality rate has reached a record low.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n
= death rate

mortal

adjective

1.

human

ephemeral

impermanent

passing

temporal

transient

worldly

2.

fatal

deadly

death-dealing

destructive

killing

lethal

murderous

terminal

noun

3.

human being

being

earthling

human

individual

man

person

woman

mortality

noun

1.

humanity

impermanence

transience

2.

killing

bloodshed

carnage

death

destruction

fatality

mortal sin

mortal sin mortal sins
In the Roman Catholic Church, a mortal sin is an extremely serious sin and the person who has committed it will be punished after death unless they are forgiven by the Church.

- Adultery is a mortal sin.

N-VAR

mortar

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:tə]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrtɚ]

n.

砂浆, 灰浆

bricks and mortar

房产

mortar **

1. mortar mortars
A mortar is a big gun which fires missiles high into the air over a short distance.

- The two sides exchanged fire with artillery, mortars and small arms.

- He was killed in a mortar attack.

N-COUNT

2. mortar
Mortar is a mixture of sand, water, and cement or lime which is put between bricks to hold them together.
N-UNCOUNT

3. mortar mortars
A mortar is a bowl in which you can crush things such as herbs, spices, or grain using a rod called a pestle.
N-COUNT

mortar board

mortar board mortar boards
A mortar board is a stiff black cap which has a flat square top with a bunch of threads attached to it. In Britain, mortar boards are sometimes worn on formal occasions by university students and teachers. In the United States, mortar boards are worn by students at graduation ceremonies at high schools, colleges, and universities.
N-COUNT also mortarboard .

mortgage

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:ɡidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrɡɪdʒ]

n.

抵押借款

抵押债款的利息

vt.

抵押

mortgage ****

1. mortgage mortgages
A mortgage is a loan of money which you get from a bank or building society in order to buy a house.

- ...an increase in mortgage rates.

N-COUNT: oft N n

2. mortgage mortgages mortgaging mortgaged
If you mortgage your house or land, you use it as a guarantee to a company in order to borrow money from them.

- They had to mortgage their home to pay the bills.

- ...mortgaged homes.

VB

mortice lock

mortice lock mortice locks
A mortice lock is a type of lock which fits into a hole cut into the edge of a door rather than being fixed to one side of it.
N-COUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) mortise lock

mortician

[D.J.:mɔ:ˈtiʃən]

[K.K.:mɔrˈtɪʃən]

n.

殡仪业者

mortician

mortician morticians
A mortician is a person whose job is to deal with the bodies of people who have died and to arrange funerals. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT
= undertaker

mortification

[D.J.:ˌmɔ:təfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmɔrtəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

屈辱;羞愧;失面子

<宗>禁欲;苦行

<医>坏疽

mortify

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:təˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrtəˌfaɪ]

vt.

使受辱,伤害(人的感情)

克制,抑制(肉体、情感等)

vi.

(指肌肤)变成坏疽

mortification

n.

mortifying

adj.

mortifying

[ˈmɔ:tifaiiŋ]

adj.

抑制的,苦修的

mortification

mortification
Mortification is a strong feeling of shame and embarrassment.

- The chairman tried to disguise his mortification.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N
= embarrassment

mortification

noun

1.

humiliation

annoyance

chagrin

discomfiture

embarrassment

shame

vexation

2.

discipline

abasement

chastening

control

denial

subjugation

3.

gangrene

corruption

festering

mortified

mortified
If you say that someone is mortified , you mean that they feel extremely offended, ashamed, or embarrassed.

- If I reduced somebody to tears I'd be mortified.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= horrified

mortify

mortify mortifies mortified
If you say that something mortifies you, you mean that it offends or embarrasses you a great deal.

- Jane mortified her family by leaving her husband.

VB: no cont
= horrify

mortified

adjective Medical

humiliated

ashamed

chagrined

chastened

crushed

deflated

embarrassed

humbled

shamed

mortify

verb

1.

humiliate

chagrin

chasten

crush

deflate

embarrass

humble

shame

2.

discipline

abase

chasten

control

deny

subdue

3.

putrefy

deaden

die

fester

mortifying

mortifying
If you say that something is mortifying , you mean that it makes you feel extremely ashamed or embarrassed.

- She felt it would be utterly mortifying to be seen in such company as his by anyone.

ADJ-GRADED
= embarrassing

mortuary

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:tʃu:ˌeri:]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrtʃuˌɛri]

n.

(丧葬前的)停尸室,太平间

adj.

丧葬的

mortuary

1. mortuary mortuaries
A mortuary is a building or a room in a hospital where dead bodies are kept before they are buried or cremated, or before they are identified or examined.
N-COUNT
= morgue

2. mortuary mortuaries
A mortuary is the same as a funeral home . (AM)
N-COUNT

mortuary

noun Of flesh

morgue

funeral parlour

mosaic

[D.J.:məʊˈzeɪɪk]

[K.K.:moˈzeɪk]

n.

马赛克,镶嵌细工

镶嵌;镶嵌工艺;镶嵌图案；马赛克画(或图案)

马赛克式的东西

adj.

马赛克的;镶嵌的;马赛克式的

vt.

使马赛克般地结合

用马赛克装饰

mosaic *

mosaic mosaics
A mosaic is a design which consists of small pieces of coloured glass, pottery, or stone set in concrete or plaster.

- ...a Roman villa which once housed a fine collection of mosaics...

- He has used a mixture of mosaic, collage and felt-tip pen.

N-VAR

mosey

[D.J.:ˈməʊzi:]

[K.K.:ˈmozi]

vt. & vi.

<非正>漫步;溜达

mosey

mosey moseys moseying moseyed
If you mosey somewhere, you go there slowly, often without any particular purpose. (INFORMAL)

- He usually moseys into town for no special reason.

VB
= wander

mosque

[D.J.:mɔsk]

[K.K.:mɑsk]

n.

清真寺, 伊斯兰教寺院

mosque **

mosque mosques
A mosque is a building where Muslims go to worship.
N-COUNT

mosquito

[D.J.:məsˈki:təu]

[K.K.:məˈskito]

n.

蚊子

mosquito *

mosquito mosquitoes or mosquitos
Mosquitos are small flying insects which bite people and animals in order to suck their blood.
N-COUNT

mosquito net

mosquito net mosquito nets
A mosquito net is a curtain made of very fine cloth which is hung round a bed in order to keep mosquitoes and other insects away from a person while they are sleeping.
N-COUNT

moss

[D.J.:mɔs]

[K.K.:mɔs, mɑs]

n.

苔藓

mosses

(中)大绞丝

moss *

moss mosses
Moss is a very small soft green plant which grows on damp soil, or on wood or stone.

- ...ground covered over with moss.

N-MASS

mossy

[D.J.:ˈmɔsi]

[K.K.:ˈmɔsi, ˈmɑsi]

adj.

长满苔藓的

苔藓似的

mossy

mossy
A mossy surface is covered with moss.

- ...a mossy wall.

ADJ-GRADED

most

[D.J.:məust]

[K.K.:most]

adv.

最

很, 非常

pron.

大多数, 大部分

最高额; 最大值

adj.

最大的, 最多的

most *****

( Most is often considered to be the superlative form of much and many .)

1. most
You use most to refer to the majority of a group of things or people or the largest part of something.

- Most of the houses in the capital don't have piped water.

- By stopping smoking you are undoing most of the damage smoking has caused.

- Sadly, most of the house was destroyed by fire in 1828.

QUANT: QUANT of def-n
= the majority

2. most
Also a determiner.

- Most people think the Queen has done a good job over the last 40 years.

- Most companies are looking to sponsor students on specific courses.

DET: DET pl-n

3. most
Also a pronoun.

- Seventeen civilians were hurt. Most are students who had been attending a twenty-first birthday party.

- All of the rooms have private baths, and most have radios and TV.

PRON
= the majority

4. most
You use the most to mean a larger amount than anyone or anything else, or the largest amount possible.

- The President himself won the most votes.

- The skippers get the most money, and after them the cooks.

- Tom had the most authority of all.

ADJ-SUPERL: the ADJ n
≠ the least

5. most
Also a pronoun.

- The most they earn in a day is ten roubles.

PRON

6. most
You use most of all to indicate that something happens or is true to a greater extent than anything else.

- What she feared most was becoming like her mother.

- What they wanted most from the president was a leader who at least would try to educate the country.

- ...Professor Morris, the person he most hated.

- She said she wanted most of all to be fair.

PHR: PHR with v

7. most
You use most to indicate that someone or something has a greater amount of a particular quality than most other things of its kind.

- Her children had the best, most elaborate birthday parties in the neighborhood.

- He was one of the most influential performers of modern jazz.

- If anything, swimming will appeal to her most strongly.

- Keeping pace with the litter during summer, when the park is most heavily used, is also a huge task.

- ...the most junior of the New York Times music critics.

ADV-SUPERL: ADV adj/adv
≠ least

8. most
If you do something the most , you do it to the greatest extent possible or with the greatest frequency.

- What question are you asked the most?.

- Inevitably those who suffer the most are the mothers and children.

- Among the subjects for which the pass rate has risen the most are art and design, business studies, and music.

ADV-SUPERL: the ADV after v
≠ the least

9. most
You use most in conversations when you want to draw someone's attention to something very interesting or important that you are about to say.

- Most surprisingly, quite a few said they don't intend to vote at all.

- Most interestingly, they are demanding that a national working party on crimes against women and children be established.

ADV-SUPERL: ADV adv/adj

10. most
You use most to emphasize an adjective or adverb. (FORMAL)

- From tomorrow evening onwards I'll be most pleased to speak to them.

- I believe he is most painfully anxious about Diana.

ADV-SUPERL: ADV adj/adv emphasis

11. most
You use at most or at the most to say that a number or amount is the maximum that is possible and that the actual number or amount may be smaller.

- Poach the pears in apple juice or water and sugar for perhaps ten minutes at most.

- ...staying on at school for two extra years to study only three, or at the most four subjects...

- Many companies are expecting flat sales or at most a 1 to 2 percent increase over last year.

PHR: amount PHR, PHR with cl
≠ at least at the least

12. most
If you make the most of something, you get the maximum use or advantage from it.

- Happiness is the ability to make the most of what you have.

- Making the most of your hair means getting the cut and shape right.

PHR: V inflects

-most

-most
-most is added to adjectives in order to form other adjectives that describe something as being further in a particular direction than other things of the same kind.

- ...the topmost branches of the trees...

- Many patients have told me their innermost thoughts.

- ...the northernmost suburbs of Chicago.

SUFFIX

mostly

[D.J.:ˈməustli]

[K.K.:ˈmostli]

adv.

大部分, 主要地, 多半, 通常

mostly ***

mostly
You use mostly to indicate that a statement is generally true, for example true about the majority of a group of things or people, true most of the time, or true in most respects.

- I am working with mostly highly motivated people.

- Cars are mostly metal.

- ...men and women, mostly in their 30s...

- Her own twelve pictures sold fairly well, mostly to friends and family.

- They have mostly invested their money in expensive real estate.

ADV: ADV with cl/group
= mainly

mostly

adverb

generally

as a rule

chiefly

largely

mainly

on the whole

predominantly

primarily

principally

usually

MOT

abbr.

Ministry of Transport <英>交通运输部

MOT

abbr.

Ministry of Transport 〈英〉交通运输部

MOT *

MOT MOTs
In Britain, an MOT is a test which, by law, must be made each year on all road vehicles that are more than 3 years old, in order to check that they are safe to drive.

- My car is due for its MOT in two days' time.

N-COUNT

motel

[D.J.:məuˈtel]

[K.K.:moˈtɛl]

n.

汽车旅馆

motel *

motel motels
A motel is a hotel intended for people who are travelling by car.
N-COUNT

moth

[D.J.:mɔθ]

[K.K.:mɔθ, mɑθ]

n.

蛾

moth *

moth moths
A moth is an insect like a butterfly which usually flies about at night.
N-COUNT

mothball

[D.J.:ˈmɔθˌbɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈmɔθˌbɔl, ˈmɑθ-]

n.

卫生球,樟脑球

vt.

封存

adj.

后备的

mothballing

防腐,涂防腐油

mothball

1. mothball mothballs
A mothball is a small ball made of a special chemical, which you can put among clothes or blankets in order to keep moths away.
N-COUNT

2. mothball mothballs mothballing mothballed
If someone in authority mothballs a plan, factory, or piece of equipment, they decide to stop developing or using it, perhaps temporarily. (JOURNALISM)

- ...her decision in 1986 to mothball the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant, for safety and political reasons...

- The shuttle programme has now been mothballed to save money.

VB

moth-eaten

[D.J.:ˈmɔθˌi:tn]

[K.K.:ˈmɔθˌitn, ˈmɑθ-]

adj.

虫蛀的,破旧的,过时的

moth-eaten

1. moth-eaten
Moth-eaten clothes look very old and have holes in them.

- ...a moth-eaten leopardskin jacket.

ADJ-GRADED

2. moth-eaten
If you describe something as moth-eaten , you mean that it seems unattractive or useless because it is old or has been used too much.

- We drove through a somewhat moth-eaten deer park.

- This strategy looks increasingly moth-eaten.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

moth-eaten

adjective

decayed

decrepit

dilapidated

ragged

shabby

tattered

threadbare

worn-out

mother

[D.J.:ˈmʌðə]

[K.K.:ˈmʌðɚ]

n.

母亲, 妈妈

根由, 根源

mothering

[D.J.:ˈmʌðəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmʌðərɪŋ]

n.

省亲,归宁

mother *****

1. mother mothers
Your mother is the woman who gave birth to you. You can also call someone your mother if she brings you up as if she was this woman.

- She sat on the edge of her mother's bed.

- She's an English teacher and a mother of two children.

- Mother and child form a close attachment.

- I'm here, Mother.

N-FAMILY

2. mother mothers mothering mothered
If a woman mothers a child, she looks after it and brings it up, usually because she is its mother.

- Colleen had dreamed of mothering a large family.

VB

3. mothering

- The reality of mothering is frequently very different from the romantic ideal.

N-UNCOUNT

4. mother mothers mothering mothered
If you mother someone, you treat them with great care and affection, as if they were a small child.

- She felt a great need to mother him.

- Stop mothering me.

VB

mother

noun

1.

parent

dam

ma informal

mater

mum Brit. informal

mummy Brit. informal

adjective

2.

native

inborn

innate

natural

verb

3.

nurture

care for

cherish

nurse

protect

raise

rear

tend

motherboard

[D.J.:ˈmʌðəbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈmʌðɚˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

底板,母板

motherboard

motherboard motherboards
In a computer, the motherboard is the main electronic circuit board to which the microchips that perform important functions are attached.
N-COUNT

mother country

1. mother country mother countries
Someone's mother country is the country in which they or their ancestors were born and to which they still feel emotionally linked, even if they live somewhere else.

- Dr Kengerli looks to Turkey as his mother country.

N-COUNT: oft with poss also Mother Country .
= motherland

2. mother country
If you refer to the mother country of a particular state or country, you are referring to the very powerful country that used to control its affairs.

- Australia, New Zealand, and Canada, had no colonial conflict with the mother country.

N-SING: usu the N also Mother Country .

mother figure

mother figure mother figures
If you regard someone as a mother figure , you think of them as having the role of a mother and being the person you can turn to for help, advice, or support.
N-COUNT also mother-figure .

motherfucker

motherfucker motherfuckers
If someone calls a person, usually a man, a motherfucker , they are insulting him in a very unpleasant way. (mainly AM) ( VERY RUDE)
N-COUNT disapproval

motherhood

[D.J.:ˈmʌðəˌhʊd]

[K.K.:ˈmʌðɚˌhʊd]

n.

母亲身份

motherhood *

motherhood
Motherhood is the state of being a mother.

- ...women who try to combine work and motherhood.

N-UNCOUNT

Mothering Sunday

Mothering Sunday
Mothering Sunday is the fourth Sunday in Lent, when children give cards and presents to their mothers as a sign of their love for them. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-UNCOUNT
= Mother's Day

mother-in-law

[D.J.:ˈmʌðərɪnˌlɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈmʌðərɪnˌlɔ]

n.

婆婆;岳母

mother-in-law *

mother-in-law mothers-in-law
Someone's mother-in-law is the mother of their husband or wife.
N-COUNT: oft poss N

motherland

[D.J.:ˈmʌðəlænd]

[K.K.:ˈmʌðɚlænd]

n.

祖国

motherland *

motherland
The motherland is the country in which you or your ancestors were born and to which you still feel emotionally linked, even if you live somewhere else.

- Central to our belief is love for the motherland and a desire to serve.

N-SING: usu the N also Motherland .
= mother country

motherless

[D.J.:ˈmʌðəˌləs]

[K.K.:ˈmʌðɚˌləs]

adj.

无母的

motherless

motherless
You describe children as motherless if their mother has died or does not live with them.

- ...Michael's seven motherless children.

ADJ

motherliness

[ˈmʌðəlinis]

n.

慈母心

motherly

[D.J.:ˈmʌðəli:]

[K.K.:ˈmʌðəli]

adj.

慈母般的

motherliness

n.

motherly

motherly
Motherly feelings or actions are like those of a kind mother.

- It was an incredible display of motherly love and forgiveness.

- ...a plump, motherly woman.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= maternal

motherly

adjective

maternal

affectionate

caring

comforting

loving

protective

sheltering

Mother Nature

Mother Nature
Mother Nature is sometimes used to refer to nature, especially when it is being considered as a force that affects human beings.

- The gardener is convinced he can improve on Mother Nature's rather casual attitude to the plant kingdom.

N-UNCOUNT

Mother of God

Mother of God
In Christianity, the Mother of God is another name for the Virgin Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ.
N-PROPER

mother-of-pearl

[D.J.:ˌmʌðərəvˈpɜ:l]

[K.K.:ˌmʌðərəvˈpɚl]

n.

珍珠母

mother-of-pearl

mother-of-pearl
Mother-of-pearl is the shiny layer on the inside of some shells. It is used to make buttons or to decorate things.
N-UNCOUNT also mother of pearl .

Mother's Day

Mother's Day
Mother's Day is a special day on which children give cards and presents to their mothers as a sign of their love for them. In Britain, Mother's Day is the fourth Sunday in Lent. In the United States, it is the second Sunday in May.
N-UNCOUNT

Mother Superior

Mother Superior Mother Superiors
A Mother Superior is a nun who is in charge of the other nuns in a convent.
N-COUNT

mother-to-be

n.

孕妇

mother-to-be

mother-to-be mothers-to-be
A mother-to-be is a woman who is pregnant, especially for the first time.
N-COUNT

mother tongue

mother tongue mother tongues
Your mother tongue is the language that you learn from your parents when you are a baby.
N-COUNT: oft poss N also mother-tongue .
= native tongue

motif

[D.J.:məʊˈti:f]

[K.K.:moˈtif]

n.

<法> ①(文艺作品等的)主题,中心思想;基本模式

基本图案,基本色彩

motif *

1. motif motifs
A motif is a design which is used as a decoration or as part of an artistic pattern.

- ...a rose motif.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. motif motifs
A motif is a theme or idea that is frequently repeated throughout a piece of literature or music.

- The motif of these volumes is that `solitude is the richness of the soul, loneliness is its poverty.'

N-COUNT
= theme

motif

noun

1.

theme

concept

idea

leitmotif

subject

2.

design

decoration

ornament

shape

motion

[D.J.:ˈməuʃən]

[K.K.:ˈmoʃən]

vt.

(向…)打手势, 示意

n.

(物体的)运动

手势, 动作

提议, 动议

motion ***

1. motion
Motion is the activity or process of continually changing position or moving from one place to another.

- ...the laws governing light, sound, and motion...

- One group of muscles sets the next group in motion.

- The wind from the car's motion whipped her hair around her head.

N-UNCOUNT
= movement

2. motion motions
A motion is an action, gesture, or movement.

- Cover each part of the body with long sweeping strokes or circular motions.

- He made a neat chopping motion with his hand.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= movement

3. motion motions
A motion is a formal proposal or statement in a meeting, debate, or trial, which is discussed and then voted on or decided on.

- The conference is now debating the motion and will vote on it shortly.

- Opposition parties are likely to bring a no-confidence motion against the government.

- He is eligible now to file a motion for a new trial.

N-COUNT

4. motion motions motioning motioned
If you motion to someone, you move your hand or head as a way of telling them to do something or telling them where to go.

- She motioned for the locked front doors to be opened.

- He stood aside and motioned Don to the door.

- I motioned him to join us.

- He motioned to her to go behind the screen.

VB
= signal

5. motion motions
Some people, especially doctors or nurses, use motion as a polite way of referring to a person's act of defecation or the faeces produced. (BRIT; in AM use movement )

- Try to make sure your bowel motions are regular and that you avoid any constipation.

N-COUNT politeness
= movement

6. motion
If you say that someone is going through the motions , you think they are only saying or doing something because it is expected of them without being interested, enthusiastic, or sympathetic.

- `You really don't care, do you?' she said quietly. `You're just going through the motions.'

PHR: V inflects

7. motion
If you go through the motions , you pretend to do something by making the movements associated with a particular action.

- The sailor went through all the motions smartly.

- Actors go through the motions of different types of labor.

PHR: V inflects

8. motion
If a process or event is in motion , it is happening. If it is set in motion , it is happening or beginning to happen.

- His job as England manager begins in earnest now his World Cup campaign is in motion.

- Her sharp, aggressive tone set in motion the events that led to her downfall.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, PHR after v
= under way

9. motion
If someone sets the wheels in motion , they take the necessary action to make something start happening.

- I have set the wheels in motion to sell Endsleigh Court.

PHR: V inflects

motion

noun

1.

movement

flow

locomotion

mobility

move

progress

travel

2.

proposal

proposition

recommendation

submission

suggestion

verb

3.

gesture

beckon

direct

gesticulate

nod

signal

wave

motionless

[D.J.:ˈməʊʃənlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈmoʃənlɪs]

adj.

不动的,静止的

motionless *

motionless
Someone or something that is motionless is not moving at all.

- He has this ability of being able to remain as motionless as a statue, for hours on end.

- Her hands were motionless.

- He stood there motionless.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= still

motionless

adjective

still

fixed

frozen

immobile

paralysed

standing

static

stationary

stock-still

transfixed

unmoving

motion picture *

motion picture motion pictures
A motion picture is a film made for cinema. (mainly AM)

- It was there that I saw my first motion picture.

- ...the motion picture industry.

N-COUNT
= movie

motivate

[D.J.:ˈməutiveit]

[K.K.:ˈmotəˌvet]

vt.

作为…的动机; 激发; 诱发

motivated

[D.J.:ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈmotɪvetɪd]

adj.

有动机的,有目的的

有积极性的

motivation

[D.J.:ˌməʊtəˈveɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmotəˈveʃən]

n.

动力;动机;诱因

motivational

adj.

动机的,动力的

motivational

[ˌməutiˈveiʃnəl]

adj.

动机的,有关动机的

motivate ***

1. motivate motivates motivating motivated
If you are motivated by something, especially an emotion, it causes you to behave in a particular way.

- They are motivated by a need to achieve.

- The crime was not politically motivated.

- I don't want to be missing out. And that motivates me to get up and do something every day.

VB

2. motivated

- ...highly motivated employees.

ADJ-GRADED

3. motivation

- His poor performance may be attributed to lack of motivation rather than to reading difficulties.

N-UNCOUNT

4. motivate motivates motivating motivated
If someone motivates you to do something, they make you feel determined to do it.

- How do you motivate people to work hard and efficiently?.

- Never let it be said that the manager doesn't know how to motivate his players.

VB
= inspire

5. motivation

- Given parental motivation we are optimistic about the ability of people to change.

N-UNCOUNT

motivation **

motivation motivations
Your motivation for doing something is what causes you to want to do it.

- Money is my motivation.

- The timing of the attack, and its motivations, are unknown.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

motivate

verb

inspire

arouse

cause

drive

induce

move

persuade

prompt

stimulate

stir

motivation

noun

incentive

incitement

inducement

inspiration

motive

reason

spur

stimulus

motive

[D.J.:ˈməutiv]

[K.K.:ˈmotɪv]

n.

动机, 目的

motive **

motive motives
Your motive for doing something is your reason for doing it.

- Police have ruled out robbery as a motive for the killing.

- ...the motives and objectives of British foreign policy...

- The doctor's motive was to bring an end to his patient's suffering.

N-COUNT: oft N prep

motive

noun

reason

ground(s)

incentive

inducement

inspiration

object

purpose

rationale

stimulus

motley

[D.J.:ˈmɔtli:]

[K.K.:ˈmɑtli]

adj.

混杂的

杂色的;五颜六色的

motley *

motley
You can describe a group of things as a motley collection if you think they seem strange together because they are all very different.

- ...a motley collection of vans, old buses, cattle-trucks, and even a fire engine...

- The volunteers seem a motley crew.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

motley

adjective

1.

miscellaneous

assorted

disparate

heterogeneous

mixed

varied

2.

multicoloured

chequered

variegated

motor

[D.J.:ˈməutə]

[K.K.:ˈmotɚ]

n.

马达, 发动机

vi.

开[乘]汽车

vt.

用汽车运送

motored

[ˈməutəd]

adj.

有发动机的

motoring

[D.J.:ˈməʊtərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmotərɪŋ]

n.

驾驶汽车;乘汽车

motors

[ˈməutəz]

汽车公司股票

motor ****

1. motor motors
The motor in a machine, vehicle, or boat is the part that uses electricity or fuel to produce movement, so that the machine, vehicle, or boat can work.

- She got in and started the motor.

N-COUNT
= engine

2. motor
Motor vehicles and boats have a petrol or diesel engine.

- Theft of motor vehicles is up by 15.9%.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. motor
Motor is used to describe activities relating to vehicles such as cars and buses. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use automotive or automobile )

- ...the future of the British motor industry...

- He worked as a motor mechanic.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. motor motors
Some people refer to a car as a motor . (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= car

5. motor motors motoring motored
If you motor somewhere, you travel there in a car, usually for pleasure. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- I had motored down from Cheshire.

VB
= drive

6. motor motors motoring motored
If people in a small sailing boat motor somewhere, they use the boat's motor rather than the power of the wind to get there.

- Restarting the engine, we motored downriver.

VB

motoring *

motoring
Motoring means relating to cars and driving. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use driving or automobile )

- ...a three-month sentence for motoring offences...

- Police and motoring organizations said the roads were slightly busier than normal.

ADJ: ADJ n

motorbike

[D.J.:ˈməʊtəˌbaɪk]

[K.K.:ˈmotɚˌbaɪk]

n.

摩托车

motorbike *

1. motorbike motorbikes
A motorbike is the same as a motorcycle . (BRIT)
N-COUNT also motor-bike .

2. motorbike motorbikes
A motorbike is a lighter, less powerful motorcycle . (AM)
N-COUNT also motor-bike .

motorboat

[D.J.:ˈməʊtəˌbəʊt]

[K.K.:ˈmotɚˌbot]

n.

汽船,汽艇

motorboat

motorboat motorboats
A motorboat is a boat that is driven by an engine.
N-COUNT also motor boat .

motorcade

[D.J.:ˈməʊtəˌkeɪd]

[K.K.:ˈmotɚˌked]

n.

一长列汽车,(汽)车队

motorcade

motorcade motorcades
A motorcade is a line of slow-moving cars carrying important people, usually as part of a public ceremony.

- At times the president's motorcade slowed to a crawl.

N-COUNT

motor car *

motor car motor cars
A motor car is the same as a car . (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT also motor-car .

motorcycle

[D.J.:ˈməutəˌsaikəl]

[K.K.:ˈmotɚˌsaɪkəl]

n.

摩托车

motorcycle *

motorcycle motorcycles
A motorcycle is a vehicle with two wheels and an engine.
N-COUNT
= motorbike

motorcyclist

[D.J.:ˈməʊtəˌsaɪklɪst]

[K.K.:ˈmotɚˌsaɪklɪst]

n.

骑摩托车的人

motorcyclist

motorcyclist motorcyclists
A motorcyclist is a person who rides a motorcycle.
N-COUNT

motor home

motor home motor homes
A motor home is a large vehicle containing beds and equipment for cooking and washing. Motor homes can be used for holidays or very long journeys.
N-COUNT

motorist

[D.J.:ˈməʊtərɪst]

[K.K.:ˈmotərɪst]

n.

汽车驾驶员

motorist **

motorist motorists
A motorist is a person who drives a car. (mainly BRIT; in AM use driver )
N-COUNT
= driver

motorized

装有发动机的

motorized

1. motorized
A motorized vehicle has an engine.

- Around 1910 motorized carriages were beginning to replace horse-drawn cabs.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also motorised

2. motorized
A motorized group of soldiers is equipped with motor vehicles.

- ...motorized infantry and artillery.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also motorised

motormouth

n.

说话快并且健谈

motormouth

motormouth
If you describe someone as a motormouth , you mean that they talk a lot, especially in a loud or aggressive way. (INFORMAL)
N-SING disapproval

motor neurone disease

motor neurone disease
Motor neurone disease is a disease which destroys the part of a person's nervous system that controls movement.
N-UNCOUNT

motorway

[D.J.:ˈməʊtəˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈmotɚˌwe]

n.

高速公路

motorway **

motorway motorways
A motorway is a major road that has been specially built for fast travel over long distances. Motorways have several lanes and special places where traffic gets on and leaves. (BRIT; in AM usually use freeway )

- ...the M1 motorway.

- ...the national motorway network.

N-VAR

mottled

[D.J.:ˈmɔtld]

[K.K.:ˈmɑtl..d]

adj.

杂色的;斑驳的;斑点的

mottled

mottled
Something that is mottled is covered with patches of different colours which do not form a regular pattern.

- ...mottled green and yellow leaves.

ADJ-GRADED

mottled

adjective

blotchy

dappled

flecked

piebald

speckled

spotted

stippled

streaked

motto

[D.J.:ˈmɔtəu]

[K.K.:ˈmɑto]

n.

箴言, 格言, 座右铭

motto *

motto mottoes or mottos
A motto is a short sentence or phrase that expresses a rule for sensible behaviour, especially a way of behaving in a particular situation.

- The regiment's motto is `Nemo nos impune lacessit' (No one provokes us with impunity).

N-COUNT: oft with poss

motto

noun

saying

adage

dictum

maxim

precept

proverb

rule

slogan

watchword

mould

[D.J.:məuld]

[K.K.:mold]

n.

铸模, 模型

性格, 气质

霉, 霉菌

vt.

用模子做, 浇铸

moulding

[D.J.:ˈməuldiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmoldɪŋ]

n.

(墙壁、家具、画框等的)装饰线条

模制件; 铸造物

mould **

1. mould moulds
A mould is a hollow container that you pour liquid into. When the liquid becomes solid, it takes the same shape as the mould.

- Spoon the mixture carefully into the mould.

- The moulds for the foundry are made in the toolroom area.

- ...jelly moulds.

N-COUNT (AM) mold

2. mould moulds
If you say that someone breaks the mould , you mean that they do completely different things from what has been done before or from what is usually done.

- At first sight, Joe Pesci is not exactly cast in the leading man mould.

- He was from the same mould as the men she had gazed at worshipfully when a child: rich, handsome, of impeccable social standing.

- Memorial services have become tedious and expected. I would like to help break the mould.

- When they first started, they said they were going to break the mould of British politics.

PHR: V inflects (AM) mold

3. mould moulds moulding moulded
If you mould a soft substance such as plastic or clay, you make it into a particular shape or into an object.

- Using 2 spoons, mould the cheese mixture into small balls or ovals.

- Before we left the camp, my twin brother and I moulded a chair out of mud.

VB (AM) mold

4. mould moulds moulding moulded
To mould someone or something means to change or influence them over a period of time so that they develop in a particular way.

- She was only 17 at the time and the experience moulded her personality.

- Here we outline some of the sometimes conflicting forces moulding the debate.

- Too often we try to mold our children into something they do not wish to be.

VB (AM) mold
= form

5. mould moulds moulding moulded
When something moulds to an object or when you mould it there, it fits round the object tightly so that the shape of the object can still be seen.

- You need a malleable pillow that will mould to the curves of your neck.

- She stepped onto the catwalk and stood there, the wind moulding the smock around her.

V-ERG (AM) mold

6. mould moulds
Mould is a soft grey, green, or blue substance that sometimes forms in spots on old food or on damp walls or clothes.
N-MASS (AM) mold
See also leaf mould .

moulding *

moulding mouldings
A moulding is a strip of plaster or wood along the top of a wall or round a door, which has been made into an ornamental shape or decorated with a pattern.
N-COUNT (AM) molding

mould

noun

1.

cast

pattern

shape

2.

design

build

construction

fashion

form

format

kind

pattern

shape

style

3.

nature

calibre

character

kind

quality

sort

stamp

type

verb

4.

shape

construct

create

fashion

forge

form

make

model

sculpt

work

5.

influence

affect

control

direct

form

make

shape

mould

noun

fungus

blight

mildew

moulder

[D.J.:ˈməʊldə]

[K.K.:ˈmoldɚ]

vi.

<美>腐朽

腐烂,崩塌

moulder

moulder moulders mouldering mouldered
If something is mouldering , it is decaying slowly where it has been left.

- ...one of your scripts that's been mouldering under the bed for ages...

- It is clear that such ideas will be left to moulder.

- ...the empty, mouldering old house.

VB: usu cont (AM) molder

mouldy

[D.J.:ˈməʊldi:]

[K.K.:ˈmoldi]

adj.

发霉的

破旧的

mouldy

mouldy
Something that is mouldy is covered with mould.

- ...mouldy bread...

- Oranges can be kept for a long time without going mouldy.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) moldy

mouldy

adjective

stale

bad

blighted

decaying

fusty

mildewed

musty

rotten

moult

[D.J.:məʊlt]

[K.K.:molt]

vt. & vi.

换羽,脱毛

<喻>去掉(旧习惯、观点等)

n.

换羽期,脱毛期

moulting

蜕皮;眠起

moult *

moult moults moulting moulted
When an animal or bird moults , it gradually loses its coat or feathers so that a new coat or feathers can grow.

- Finches start to moult at around twelve weeks of age.

VB (AM) molt

mound

[D.J.:maund]

[K.K.:maʊnd]

n.

土堆; 土丘

一大堆

mound *

1. mound mounds
A mound of something is a large rounded pile of it.

- The bulldozers piled up huge mounds of dirt.

- The table was a mound of paper and books.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= pile

2. mound mounds
In baseball, the mound is the raised area where the pitcher stands when he or she throws the ball.
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

mound

noun

1.

heap

drift

pile

rick

stack

2.

hill

bank

dune

embankment

hillock

knoll

rise

mount

[D.J.:maunt]

[K.K.:maʊnt]

vt. & vi.

登上; 骑上

vi.

增加; 上升

vt.

上演; 配有…

发动攻击; 攻击

n.

山峰

坐骑

mounted

[ˈmauntid]

adj.

安在马上的,裱好的

mounting

[D.J.:ˈmauntiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmaʊntɪŋ]

n.

装备,衬托纸,登上,乘骑

mount ***

1. mount mounts mounting mounted
If you mount a campaign or event, you organize it and make it take place.

- The ANC announced it was mounting a major campaign of mass political protests.

- ...a security operation mounted by the army.

VB
= launch organize

2. mount mounts mounting mounted
If something mounts , it increases in intensity.

- For several hours, tension mounted.

- The decibel level was mounting.

- There was mounting concern in her voice.

- ...the mounting heat of the stadium.

VB
= rise increase

3. mount mounts mounting mounted
If something mounts , it increases in quantity.

- The uncollected garbage mounts in city streets.

- He ignored his mounting debts.

VB

4. mount up mounts up; mounting up; mounted up
To mount up means the same as to mount .

- If you hide away your problems and pretend that they don't exist they will just continue to mount up.

- Her medical bills mounted up.

PHR-V

5. mount mounts mounting mounted
If you mount the stairs or a platform, you go up the stairs or go up onto the platform. (FORMAL)

- Llewelyn was mounting the stairs up into the keep.

- The vehicle mounted the pavement.

VB
= go up

6. mount mounts mounting mounted
If you mount a horse or cycle, you climb on to it so that you can ride it.

- He mounted his horse and rode away.

- A man in a crash helmet was mounting a motorbike.

- He went to the small stable where his horse was, harnessed it, mounted, and rode out to the beach.

VB
= climb on get on

7. mount mounts
A mount is a horse. (FORMAL)

- ...the number of owners who care for older mounts.

N-COUNT
= horse

8. mount mounts mounting mounted
If you mount an object on something, you fix it there firmly.

- Her husband mounts the work on velour paper and makes the frame.

- The support for the fence is mounted on an extension to the table.

- ...a specially mounted horse shoe.

VB

9. -mounted

- ...a wall-mounted electric fan.

- ...pickup trucks with side-mounted fuel tanks.

COMB in ADJ

10. mount mounts mounting mounted
If you mount an exhibition or display, you organize and present it.

- The gallery has mounted an exhibition of art by Irish women painters.

VB
= put on

11. mount
Mount is used as part of the name of a mountain.

- ...Mount Everest.

N-IN-NAMES

mounted **

mounted
Mounted police or soldiers ride horses when they are on duty.

- A dozen mounted police rode into the square.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also mount .

mount

verb

1.

climb

ascend

clamber up

go up

scale

2.

bestride

climb onto

jump on

3.

increase

accumulate

build

escalate

grow

intensify

multiply

pile up

swell

noun

4.

backing

base

frame

setting

stand

support

5.

horse

steed literary

mountain

[D.J.:ˈmauntin]

[K.K.:ˈmaʊntən]

n.

山, 山岳

山脉

mountains

山地

mountain ****

1. mountain mountains
A mountain is a very high area of land with steep sides.

- Ben Nevis, in Scotland, is Britain's highest mountain.

- ...a lovely little mountain village.

N-COUNT

2. mountain
If you talk about a mountain of something, or mountains of something, you are emphasizing that there is a large amount of it. (INFORMAL)

- They are faced with a mountain of bureaucracy.

- They have mountains of coffee to sell.

QUANT: QUANT of pl-n/n-uncount emphasis
= pile heap

3. mountain
If you say that someone has a mountain to climb , you mean that it will be difficult for them to achieve what they want to achieve. (JOURNALISM)

- `We had a mountain to climb after the second goal went in,' said Crosby.

PHR: usu v PHR
to make a mountain out of a molehill : see molehill .

mountain

noun

1.

peak

alp

fell Brit.

mount

2.

heap

abundance

mass

mound

pile

stack

ton

mountain bike *

mountain bike mountain bikes
A mountain bike is a type of bicycle that is suitable for riding over rough ground. It has a strong frame and thick tyres.
N-COUNT

mountaineer

[D.J.:ˌmaʊntəˈnɪə]

[K.K.:ˌmaʊntəˈnɪr]

n.

登山者;登山运动员

mountaineer

mountaineer mountaineers
A mountaineer is a person who is skilful at climbing the steep sides of mountains.
N-COUNT

mountaineering

[D.J.:ˌmaʊntnˈi:rɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˌmaʊntn..ˈirɪŋ]

n.

登山,爬山;登山运动

mountaineering

mountaineering
Mountaineering is the activity of climbing the steep sides of mountains as a hobby or sport.
N-UNCOUNT

mountain lion

mountain lion mountain lions
A mountain lion is a wild animal that is a member of the cat family. Mountain lions have brownish-grey fur and live in mountain regions of North and South America. (mainly AM; in BRIT use puma )
N-COUNT
= puma cougar

mountainous

[D.J.:ˈmaʊntənəs]

[K.K.:ˈmaʊntənəs]

adj.

多山的

巨大的

mountainous *

1. mountainous
A mountainous place has a lot of mountains.

- ...the mountainous region of Campania.

ADJ-GRADED

2. mountainous
If you refer to mountainous seas, you are emphasizing that the sea is very rough.

- The fishermen set off in mountainous seas.

ADJ emphasis

3. mountainous
You use mountainous to emphasize that something is great in size, quantity, or degree.

- In the lighted doorway stood the mountainous figure of a woman.

- The plan is designed to reduce some of the company's mountainous debt.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= huge

mountainous

adjective

1.

high

alpine

highland

rocky

soaring

steep

towering

upland

2.

huge

daunting

enormous

gigantic

great

immense

mammoth

mighty

monumental

mountainside

[D.J.:ˈmaʊntənˌsaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈmaʊntənˌsaɪd]

n.

山腰,山坡

mountainside *

mountainside mountainsides
A mountainside is one of the steep sides of a mountain.

- The couple trudged up the dark mountainside.

N-COUNT

mourn

[D.J.:mɔ:n]

[K.K.:mɔrn, morn]

vi.

哀悼

vt.

为…哀痛, 向…志哀

mourning

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:nɪŋ, ˈməʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ˈmor-]

n.

悲痛

丧服

mourning-coach

n.

灵柩车

mourning-coach

n.

灵柩车

mourn *

1. mourn mourns mourning mourned
If you mourn someone who has died or mourn for them, you are very sad that they have died and show your sorrow in the way that you behave.

- Joan still mourns her father.

- The whole nation had mourned the death of their great leader.

- He mourned for his valiant men.

- I buried him on the top of the hill and mourned.

VB
= grieve for

2. mourn mourns mourning mourned
If you mourn something or mourn for it, you regret that you no longer have it and show your regret in the way that you behave.

- We mourned the loss of our cities.

- She mourned for the beloved past.

VB
= grieve for

mourning *

1. mourning
Mourning is behaviour in which you show sadness about a person's death.

- The period of mourning and bereavement may be long.

- Expect to feel angry, depressed and confused. It's all part of the mourning process.

- Human rights groups declared what they called a day of mourning and protest.

N-UNCOUNT

2. mourning
If you are in mourning , you are dressed or behaving in a particular way because someone you love or respect has died.

- Yesterday the whole of Greece was in mourning.

- The boys wore black tail coats in mourning for George III.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

mourn

verb

grieve

bemoan

bewail

deplore

lament

rue

wail

weep

mourning

noun

1.

grieving

bereavement

grief

lamentation

weeping

woe

2.

black

sackcloth and ashes

widow's weeds

mourner

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:nə]

n.

哀悼者;送葬者

mourner *

mourner mourners
A mourner is a person who attends a funeral, especially as a relative or friend of the dead person.
N-COUNT

mournful

[D.J.:ˈmɔ:nfəl, ˈməʊrn-]

[K.K.:ˈmɔrnfəl, ˈmorn-]

adj.

哀痛的, 令人伤心的

mournfully

[D.J.:ˈm ɔ:nfəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈmornflɪ]

adv.

悲哀地;凄惨地

mournful *

1. mournful
If you are mournful , you are very sad.

- He looked mournful, even near to tears.

- Miss Dickerman was tall and somewhat mournful-looking.

ADJ-GRADED
= sorrowful

2. mournfully

- He stood mournfully at the gate waving bye bye.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. mournful
A mournful sound seems very sad.

- ...the mournful wail of bagpipes.

ADJ-GRADED
= sorrowful

mournful

adjective

1.

sad

melancholy

piteous

plaintive

sorrowful

tragic

unhappy

woeful

2.

dismal

disconsolate

downcast

gloomy

grieving

heavy-hearted

lugubrious

miserable

rueful

sombre

mousetrap

[D.J.:ˈmausətræp]

[K.K.:ˈmaʊsˌtræp]

n.

捕鼠器

mousetrap

mousetrap mousetraps
A mousetrap is a small device that catches or kills mice.
N-COUNT

moussaka

[D.J.:mu:ˈsɑ:kə]

[K.K.:muˈsɑkə, ˌmusɑˈkɑ]

n.

茄合(希腊的一道菜名,盖以白酱汁和干酪然后烤熟)

moussaka

moussaka moussakas
Moussaka is a Greek dish consisting of layers of meat and aubergine.
N-VAR

mousse

[D.J.:mu:s]

[K.K.:mus]

n.

奶油冻

(头发)定型摩丝

mousse *

1. mousse mousses
Mousse is a sweet light food made from eggs and cream. It is often flavoured with fruit or chocolate.
N-VAR

2. mousse mousses
Mousse is a soft substance containing a lot of tiny bubbles, for example one that you can put in your hair to make it easier to shape into a particular style.
N-MASS

moustache

[D.J.:məsˈtɑ:ʃ]

[K.K.:ˈmʌsˌtæʃ, məˈstæʃ]

n.

胡子

moustache *

1. moustache moustaches
A man's moustache is the hair that grows on his upper lip. If it is very long, it is sometimes referred to as his moustaches .

- He was short and bald and had a moustache.

- ...a heavy man with drooping moustaches.

N-COUNT also mustache .

2. moustached

- ...three burly, moustached middle-aged men.

ADJ
= moustachioed

moustachioed

moustachioed
A moustachioed man has a moustache. (WRITTEN or HUMOROUS)
ADJ also mustachioed .
= moustached

mousy

[D.J.:ˈmausi]

[K.K.:ˈmaʊsi, -zi]

adj.

像老鼠的,多老鼠的,鼠臭的

mousy

1. mousy
Mousy hair is a dull light brown colour.

- He was aged between 25 and 30, with a medium build and collar-length mousy hair.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also mousey .

2. mousy
If you describe someone as mousy , you mean that they are quiet and shy and that people do not notice them.

- The Inspector remembered her as a small, mousy woman, invariably worried.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also mousey .

mouth

[D.J.:mauθ]

[K.K.:maʊθ]

n.

口, 嘴巴

多嘴

人; 讲话的人

vt.

(嘴)做出说[唱]…的动作 (但不出声)

喃喃地说, 心不在焉地说, 言不由衷地说

mouthing

[D.J.:ˈmauðiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmaʊðɪŋ]

n.

怪脸,苦相

mouth ****

1. mouth mouths
Your mouth is the area of your face where your lips are or the space behind your lips where your teeth and tongue are.

- She clamped her hand against her mouth.

- His mouth was full of peas.

- ...an inflammation of the mouth.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

2. -mouthed

- He straightened up and looked at me, open-mouthed.

- ...a wide-mouthed, gray-haired policeman.

COMB in ADJ

3. mouth mouths
You can say that someone has a particular kind of mouth to indicate that they speak in a particular kind of way or that they say particular kinds of things.

- I've always had a loud mouth, I refuse to be silenced.

- You've got such a crude mouth!

N-COUNT: with supp, oft adj N

4. -mouthed

- ...Simon, their smart-mouthed teenage son.

- ...mean-mouthed heavies with the sly sadistic eyes of professional bullies.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

5. mouth mouths
The mouth of a cave, hole, or bottle is its entrance or opening.

- By the mouth of the tunnel he bent to retie his lace.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n
= entrance

6. -mouthed

- He put the flowers in a wide-mouthed blue vase.

COMB in ADJ

7. mouth mouths
The mouth of a river is the place where it flows into the sea.

- ...the town at the mouth of the River Dart.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

8. mouth mouths mouthing mouthed
If you mouth something, you form words with your lips without making any sound.

- I mouthed a goodbye and hurried in behind Momma.

- She winked broadly at him and silently mouthed something.

- `It's for you,' he mouthed.

VB

9. mouth mouths mouthing mouthed
If you mouth something, you say it, especially without believing it or without understanding it.

- I mouthed some sympathetic platitudes.

- They mouthed the values of family, religion and charity, but demonstrated the opposite in their private lives.

VB

10. mouth
If you have a number of mouths to feed , you have the responsibility of earning enough money to feed and look after that number of people.

- He had to feed his family on the equivalent of four hundred pounds a month and, with five mouths to feed, he found this very hard.

PHR: N inflects

11. mouth
If you say that someone does not open their mouth , you are emphasizing that they never say anything at all.

- Sometimes I hardly dare open my mouth.

- He hasn't opened his mouth since he's been there.

PHR: V and N inflect, with brd-neg emphasis

12. mouth
If you keep your mouth shut about something, you do not talk about it, especially because it is a secret.

- You wouldn't be here now if she'd kept her mouth shut.

PHR: V and N inflect
= keep quiet

mouth

noun

1.

lips

gob slang especially Brit.

jaws

maw

2.

opening

aperture

door

entrance

gateway

inlet

orifice

mouthful

[D.J.:ˈmaʊθˌfʊl]

[K.K.:ˈmaʊθˌfʊl]

n.

(食物、饮料)一口之量

很长的词, 很长的短语

很重要的话

mouthful *

1. mouthful mouthfuls
A mouthful of drink or food is the amount that you put or have in your mouth.

- She gulped down a mouthful of coffee.

- Chew each mouthful fully before the next bite.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. mouthful
If you describe a long word or phrase as a mouthful , you mean that it is difficult to say. (INFORMAL)

- It's called the Pan-Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Project, which is quite a mouthful.

N-SING: a N

mouthful

noun

taste

bit

bite

little

morsel

sample

spoonful

swallow

mouth organ

mouth organ mouth organs
A mouth organ is the same as a harmonica . (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

mouthpiece

[D.J.:ˈmaʊθˌpi:s]

[K.K.:ˈmaʊθˌpis]

n.

烟斗的嘴,乐器的吹口

话筒

喉舌,代言人,传声筒

mouthpiece *

1. mouthpiece mouthpieces
The mouthpiece of a telephone is the part that you speak into.

- He shouted into the mouthpiece.

N-COUNT

2. mouthpiece mouthpieces
The mouthpiece of a musical instrument or other device is the part that you put into your mouth.

- He showed him how to blow into the ivory mouthpiece.

- ...clamping the mouthpiece of my snorkel tightly between my teeth.

N-COUNT

3. mouthpiece mouthpieces
The mouthpiece of an organization or person is someone who informs other people of the opinions and policies of that organization or person.

- Their mouthpiece is the vice-president.

- He might be considered little more than a convenient mouthpiece for the Prime Minister's own economic views.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

mouthpiece

noun

spokesperson

agent

delegate

representative

spokesman or spokeswoman

mouth-to-mouth resuscitation

mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
If you give someone who has stopped breathing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation , you breathe into their mouth to make them start breathing again.
N-UNCOUNT also mouth-to-mouth

mouthwash

[D.J.:ˈmaʊθˌwɔʃ, -ˌwɔ:ʃ]

[K.K.:ˈmaʊθˌwɑʃ, -ˌwɔʃ]

n.

漱口剂,洗口药

mouthwash

mouthwash mouthwashes
Mouthwash is a liquid that you put in your mouth and then spit out in order to clean your mouth and make your breath smell pleasant.
N-MASS

mouth-watering

adj.

令人垂涎的,非趁吃的(食物)

mouth-watering

1. mouth-watering
Mouth-watering food looks or smells extremely nice.

- ...hundreds of cheeses, in a mouth-watering variety of shapes, textures and tastes.

- ...more than 150 mouthwatering recipes.

ADJ-GRADED also mouthwatering .

2. mouth-watering
If you describe something as mouth-watering , you are emphasizing that it is very attractive. (JOURNALISM)

- Prizes worth a mouth-watering £9.6 million are unclaimed.

ADJ-GRADED also mouthwatering . emphasis

movable

[D.J.:ˈmu:vəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈmuvəbəl]

adj.

活动的;可移动的

movable

movable
Something that is movable can be moved from one place or position to another.

- It's a vinyl doll with movable arms and legs.

- The wooden fence is movable.

ADJ also moveable .

movable

adjective

portable

detachable

mobile

transferable

transportable

move

[D.J.:mu:v]

[K.K.:muv]

vt. & vi.

移动; 搬动

vi.

搬家, 迁移

进展, 前进, 展开

vt.

使感动, 激起

提议, 要求

n.

动, 移动

一步, 一着

行动, 行动步骤

迁移, 搬家

moving

[D.J.:ˈmu:vɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmuvɪŋ]

adj.

感动人的,使人同情的

具有推动力的

活动的,移动的

get moving

开始行动；赶快开始(或离开等)

get sth moving

使进步； 推动

the moving spirit

策动人；倡道者；发起人；领军人物

movingly

adv.

感动人地,使人同情地

moving picture

电影

moving sidewalk

自动人行道

moving staircase

自动扶梯

movingly

adv.

感人地,动听地

move *****

1. move moves moving moved
When you move something or when it moves , its position changes and it does not remain still.

- She moved the sheaf of papers into position.

- You can move the camera both vertically and horizontally.

- A traffic warden asked him to move his car.

- I could see the branches of the trees moving back and forth.

- The train began to move.

V-ERG

2. move moves moving moved
When you move , you change your position or go to a different place.

- She waited for him to get up, but he didn't move.

- There was so much furniture you could hardly move without bumping into something.

- He moved around the room, putting his possessions together.

- She moved away from the window.

VB

3. move moves
Also a noun.

- The doctor made a move towards the door.

- Daniel's eyes followed her every move.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= movement

4. move moves moving moved
If you move , you act or you begin to do something.

- Industrialists must move fast to take advantage of new opportunities in Eastern Europe.

VB
= act

5. move moves
A move is an action that you take in order to achieve something.

- The one point cut in interest rates was a wise move.

- It may also be a good move to suggest she talks things over.

- The thirty-five member nations agreed to the move.

- Her latest disappearing act may be no more than a stunt, or a smart career move.

N-COUNT: usu sing

6. move moves moving moved
If a person or company moves , they leave the building where they have been living or working, and they go to live or work in a different place, taking their possessions with them.

- My family home is in Yorkshire and they don't want to move.

- She had often considered moving to London.

- They move house fairly frequently.

- The London Evening Standard moved offices a few years ago.

VB

7. move moves
Also a noun.

- Modigliani announced his move to Montparnasse in 1909.

N-COUNT

8. move moves moving moved
If people in authority move someone, they make that person go from one place or job to another one.

- His superiors moved him to another parish.

- Ms Clark is still in position and there are no plans to move her.

- The family had to be moved because of an attack on their home.

VB
= transfer

9. move moves moving moved
If you move from one job or interest to another, you change to it.

- He moved from being an extramural tutor to being a lecturer in social history.

- In the early days Christina moved jobs to get experience.

VB

10. move moves
Also a noun.

- His move to the chairmanship means he will take a less active role in day-to-day management.

N-COUNT

11. move moves moving moved
If you move to a new topic in a conversation, you start talking about something different.

- Let's move to another subject, Dan.

VB

12. move moves moving moved
If you move an event or the date of an event, you change the time at which it happens.

- The club has moved its meeting to Saturday, January 22nd.

- The band have moved forward their Leeds date to October 27.

VB

13. move moves moving moved
If you move towards a particular state, activity, or opinion, you start to be in that state, do that activity, or have that opinion.

- The Labour Party has moved to the right and become like your Democrat Party.

- It is already possible to start moving toward the elimination of nuclear weapons.

- Since the Convention was drawn up international opinion has begun to move against it.

VB
= shift

14. move moves
Also a noun.

- His move to the left was not a sudden leap but a natural working out of ideas.

N-COUNT
= shift

15. move moves moving moved
If a situation or process is moving , it is developing or progressing, rather than staying still.

- Events are moving fast.

- Someone has got to get things moving.

VB: usu cont

16. move moves moving moved
If you say that you will not be moved , you mean that you have come to a decision and nothing will change your mind.

- Everyone thought I was mad to go back, but I wouldn't be moved.

VB: usu passive, with neg
= budge

17. move moves moving moved
If something moves you to do something, it influences you and causes you to do it.

- It was punk that first moved him to join a band seriously.

- The president was moved to come up with these suggestions after the hearings.

VB
= prompts

18. move moves moving moved
If something moves you, it has an effect on your emotions and causes you to feel sadness or sympathy for another person.

- These stories surprised and moved me.

- His prayer moved me to tears.

VB

19. moved

- Those who listened to him were deeply moved.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

20. move moves moving moved
If you say that someone moves in a particular society, circle, or world, you mean that they know people in a particular social class or group and spend most of their time with them.

- She moves in high-society circles in London.

- They moved in a world where hostility to racists was natural.

VB

21. move moves moving moved
At a meeting, if you move a motion, you formally suggest it so that everyone present can vote on it.

- Labour quickly moved a closure motion to end the debate.

- I move that the case be dismissed.

VB
= put forward

22. move moves
A move is an act of putting a chess piece or other counter in a different position on a board when it is your turn to do so in a game.

- With no idea of what to do for my next move, my hand hovered over the board.

N-COUNT

23. move
If you say that one false move will cause a disaster, you mean that you or someone else must not make any mistakes because the situation is so difficult or dangerous.

- He knew one false move would end in death.

PHR

24. move
If you tell someone to get a move on , you are telling them to hurry. (INFORMAL)
PHR
= hurry up

25. move
If you make a move , you prepare or begin to leave one place and go somewhere else.

- He glanced at his wristwatch. `I suppose we'd better make a move.'.

- He made a move to leave.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR to-inf

26. move
If you make a move , you take a course of action.

- The week before the deal was supposed to close, fifteen Japanese banks made a move to pull out.

- Don't wait for others to make the first move: invite friends to visit you.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR to-inf

27. move
If you are on the move , you are going from one place to another.

- Jack never wanted to stay in one place for very long, so they were always on the move.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR

moving **

1. moving
If something is moving , it makes you feel strongly an emotion such as sadness, pity, or sympathy.

- It is very moving to see how much strangers can care for each other.

- It was a moving moment for Marianne.

ADJ-GRADED
= touching

2. movingly

- You write very movingly of your sister Amy's suicide.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. moving
A moving model or part of a machine moves or is able to move.
ADJ: ADJ n

4. moving
The moving spirit or moving force behind something is the person or thing that caused it to start and to keep going, or that influenced people to take part in it.

- She alone must have been the moving spirit behind the lawsuit that lost me my position.

- Professor Krauss has been a moving force in the world of academic art criticism.

PHR: oft PHR behind/in n

move

verb

1.

go

advance

budge

proceed

progress

shift

stir

2.

change

shift

switch

transfer

transpose

3.

leave

migrate

pack one's bags informal

quit

relocate

remove

4.

drive

activate

operate

propel

shift

start

turn

5.

touch

affect

excite

impress

6.

incite

cause

induce

influence

inspire

motivate

persuade

prompt

rouse

7.

propose

advocate

put forward

recommend

suggest

urge

noun

8.

action

manoeuvre

measure

ploy

step

stratagem

stroke

turn

9.

transfer

relocation

removal

shift

moving

adjective

1.

emotional

affecting

inspiring

pathetic

persuasive

poignant

stirring

touching

2.

mobile

movable

portable

running

unfixed

move along *****

1. move along moves along; moving along; moved along
If someone, especially a police officer, tells you to move along , or if they move you along , they tell you to stop standing in a particular place and to go somewhere else.

- Curious pedestrians were ordered to move along.

- Our officers are moving them along and not allowing them to gather in large groups.

PHR-V-ERG

2. move along moves along; moving along; moved along
If a process moves along or if something moves it along , it progresses.

- Research tends to move along at a slow but orderly pace.

- Delay is part of the normal process, but I hope we can move things along.

PHR-V-ERG

move around *****

move around moves around; moving around; moved around
If you move around or move about , you keep changing your job or keep changing the place where you live.

- I was born in Fort Worth but we moved around a lot and I was reared in east Texas.

- He moved around the country working in orange groves.

PHR-V (BRIT) also move about

move away *****

move away moves away; moving away; moved away
If you move away , you go and live in a different town or area of a country.

- He moved away and broke off relations with the family.

PHR-V

move down *****

move down moves down; moving down; moved down
If someone or something moves down , they go to a lower level, grade, or class.

- Gold prices moved down.

PHR-V

move in *****

1. move in moves in; moving in; moved in
When you move in somewhere, you begin to live there as your home.

- Her house was in perfect order when she moved in.

- Her husband had moved in with a younger woman.

- We'd been seeing each other for a year when he suggested we should move in together.

PHR-V
≠ move out

2. move in moves in; moving in; moved in
If police, soldiers, or attackers move in , they go towards a place or person in order to deal with or attack them.

- There were violent and chaotic scenes when police moved in to disperse the crowd.

- Forces were moving in on the town of Knin.

PHR-V

3. move in moves in; moving in; moved in
If someone moves in on an area of activity which was previously only done by a particular group of people, they start becoming involved with it for the first time.

- These black models are moving in on what was previously white territory: the lucrative cosmetic contracts.

PHR-V

move into *****

move into moves into; moving into; moved into
If you move into a new house, you start living there.

- I want you to move into my apartment. We've a spare room.

PHR-V

move off *****

move off moves off; moving off; moved off
When you move off , you start moving away from a place.

- Gil waved his hand and the car moved off.

PHR-V
= set off

move on *****

1. move on moves on; moving on; moved on
When you move on somewhere, you leave the place where you have been staying or waiting and go there.

- Mr Brooke moved on from Paris to Belgrade.

- What's wrong with his wanting to sell his land and move on?

PHR-V

2. move on moves on; moving on; moved on
If someone such as a policeman moves you on , they order you to stop standing in a particular place and to go somewhere else.

- Eventually the police were called to move them on.

PHR-V

3. move on moves on; moving on; moved on
If you move on , you finish or stop one activity and start doing something different.

- She ran this shop for ten years before deciding to move on to fresh challenges.

- His mother, Julia, soon moved on to a new relationship.

- Now, can we move on and discuss the vital business of the day.

PHR-V
= go on

move out *****

move out moves out; moving out; moved out
If you move out , you stop living in a particular house or place and go to live somewhere else.

- The harassment had become too much to tolerate and he decided to move out.

- They had a huge row and Sally moved out of the house.

PHR-V
≠ move in

move over *****

1. move over moves over; moving over; moved over
If you move over to a new system or way of doing something, you change to it.

- The government is having to introduce some difficult changes, particularly in moving over to a market economy.

PHR-V
= change to

2. move over moves over; moving over; moved over
If someone moves over , they leave their job or position in order to let someone else have it.

- They said Mr Jenkins should make balanced programmes about the Black community or move over and let someone else who can.

PHR-V

3. move over moves over; moving over; moved over
If you move over , you change your position in order to make room for someone else.

- Move over and let me drive.

PHR-V

move up *****

1. move up moves up; moving up; moved up
If you move up , you change your position, especially in order to be nearer someone or to make room for someone else.

- Move up, John, and let the lady sit down.

PHR-V

2. move up moves up; moving up; moved up
If someone or something moves up , they go to a higher level, grade, or class.

- Share prices moved up.

- In nearly all British schools, children learn in mixed ability classes and move up a class each year.

PHR-V
= go up

movement

[D.J.:ˈmu:vmənt]

[K.K.:ˈmuvmənt]

n.

移动; 运动; 活动

动作, 姿势

调动

动向, 趋向, 倾向

运动, 开展运动的团体

乐章

movements

[D.J.:ˈmu:vmənts]

[K.K.:ˈmuvmənts]

n.

整个活动

movement ****

1. movement movements
A movement is a group of people who share the same beliefs, ideas, or aims.

- It's part of a broader Hindu nationalist movement that's gaining strength throughout the country.

- ...the women's movement.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

2. movement movements
Movement involves changing position or going from one place to another.

- They actually monitor the movement of the fish going up river.

- ...the plan for free movement of people, goods, capital and services across internal Community borders...

- There was movement behind the window in the back door.

- A tall, thin man was waving his arms in an effort to direct the movements of a large removal van.

- Her hand movements are becoming more animated.

N-VAR

3. movement movements
A movement is a planned change in position that an army makes during a battle or military exercise.

- There are reports of fresh troop movements across the border.

N-VAR

4. movement movements
Movement is a gradual development or change of an attitude, opinion, or policy.

- ...the movement towards democracy in Latin America...

- There was a very good atmosphere at the talks and the participants believed movement forward was possible.

N-VAR: with supp, usu N towards/away from n

5. movement movements
Your movements are everything which you do or plan to do during a period of time.

- I want a full account of your movements the night Mr Gower was killed.

N-PLURAL: poss N

6. movement movements
A movement of a piece of classical music is one of its main sections.

- ...the first movement of Beethoven's 7th symphony.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

movement

noun

1.

motion

action

activity

change

development

flow

manoeuvre

progress

stirring

2.

group

campaign

crusade

drive

faction

front

grouping

organization

party

3.

workings

action

machinery

mechanism

works

4.

section

division

part

passage

mover

[D.J.:ˈmu:və]

[K.K.:ˈmuvɚ]

n.

(会议上的)提议人

…走动的人

兴旺发达的事物; 成功的人; 走红的思想

搬家工人

mover *

1. mover movers
If you describe a person or animal as a particular kind of mover , you mean that they move at that speed or in that way.

- We found him a nice horse -- a good mover who could gallop.

N-COUNT: adj N
See also prime mover .

2. mover movers
Movers are people whose job is to move furniture or equipment from one building to another. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use removal men )
N-COUNT: usu pl

3. mover
The movers and shakers in a place or area of activity are the people who have most power or influence.

- It is the movers and shakers of the record industry who will decide which bands make it.

PHR: usu with supp

movie

[D.J.:ˈmu:vi]

[K.K.:ˈmuvi]

n.

电影

电影院

movies

[D.J.:ˈmu:vɪz]

[K.K.:ˈmuvɪz]

n.

<美>电影院

movie ****

1. movie movies
A movie is a film. (AM; ALSO BRIT, INFORMAL)

- In the first movie Tony Curtis ever made he played a grocery clerk.

- ...a horror movie.

N-COUNT
= film

2. movie movies
You can talk about the movies when you are talking about seeing a movie in a movie theater. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use the cinema )

- He took her to the movies.

N-PLURAL: the N

movie

noun Music

film

feature

flick slang

picture

moviegoer

[D.J.:ˈmu:viˌɡəuə]

[K.K.:ˈmuviˌɡoɚ]

n.

常看电影的人

moviegoer

moviegoer moviegoers
A moviegoer is a person who often goes to the cinema. (AM; in BRIT usually use cinema-goer or film-goer )
N-COUNT also movie-goer .

movie house

movie house movie houses
A movie house is the same as a movie theater . (AM)
N-COUNT

movie star

movie star movie stars
A movie star is a famous actor or actress who appears in films. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use film star )
N-COUNT

movie theater

movie theater movie theaters
A movie theater is a place where people go to watch films for entertainment. (AM; in BRIT use cinema )
N-COUNT

moving picture

moving picture moving pictures
A moving picture is a film. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

mow

[D.J.:məu]

[K.K.:maʊ]

vt. & vi.

刈, 割

mowing

[ˈməuiŋ]

n.

割草,一次收割量,牧草地

mown

[məun]

mow的过去分词

mow *

mow mows mowing mowed mown
If you mow an area of grass, you cut it using a machine called a lawn mower.

- He continued to mow the lawn and do other routine chores.

VB The past participle can be either mowed or mown

mow

verb

cut

crop

scythe

shear

trim

mow down *

mow down mows down; mowing down; mowed down; mown down
If someone is mown down , they are killed violently by a vehicle or gunfire.

- She was mown down on a pedestrian crossing.

- Gunmen mowed down 10 people in one attack.

PHR-V The past participle can be either mowed or mown

mow down

verb

massacre

butcher

cut down

cut to pieces

shoot down

slaughter

mower

[D.J.:ˈməʊə]

n.

割草机

刈割者

mower *

1. mower mowers
A mower is the same as a lawnmower .
N-COUNT

2. mower mowers
A mower is a machine that has sharp blades for cutting something such as corn or wheat.
N-COUNT

MP

abbr.

〈英〉下院议员

MP3

[D.J.:ˌempi:ˈθri:]

[K.K.:ˌɛmpiˈθri]

一种音频压缩格式

MP ****

1. MP MPs
In Britain, an MP is a person who has been elected to represent the people from a particular area in the House of Commons. MP is an abbreviation for `Member of Parliament'.

- ...Colin Pickthall, MP for West Lancashire...

- Several Conservative MPs have voted against the government.

N-COUNT

2. MP
MP is written after someone's name to indicate that they have been elected as an MP.

- ...Margaret Beckett MP.

MP3

MP3
MP3 is a kind of technology which enables you to record and play music from the Internet.
N-UNCOUNT

mpg

abbr.

miles per gallon 哩/加仑

mpg

mpg
mpg is written after a number to indicate how many miles a vehicle can travel using one gallon of fuel. mpg is an abbreviation for `miles per gallon'.

- Fuel consumption is 38 mpg around town, 55 mpg on the open road.

mph

abbr.

=miles per hour 每小时英里数

mph *

mph
mph is written after a number to indicate the speed of something such as a vehicle. mph is an abbreviation for `miles per hour'.

- Inside these zones, traffic speeds are restricted to 20 mph.

MPV

MPV MPVs
An MPV is a large, tall car whose seats can be moved or removed, for example so that it can carry large loads. MPV is an abbreviation for `multi-purpose vehicle'.
N-COUNT

Mr.

[D.J.:ˈmɪstə]

[K.K.:ˈmɪstɚ]

n.

先生(对于没有头衔的男人的称呼或与某种官职、头衔等连用的称呼)

Mr *****

1. Mr
Mr is used before a man's name when you are speaking or referring to him.

- ...Mr Grant.

- ...Mr Bob Price.

- ...Mr and Mrs Daniels.

N-TITLE (AM) Mr.

2. Mr
Mr is sometimes used in front of words such as `President' and `Chairman' to address the man who holds the position mentioned.

- Mr. President, you're aware of the system.

N-VOC: N n (AM) Mr.

MRI

核磁共振成像

MRI

MRI
MRI is a method by which medical staff can get a picture of soft parts inside a patient's body, using a powerful magnetic field. MRI is an abbreviation for `magnetic resonance imaging'.
N-UNCOUNT

Mrs

[D.J.:ˈmɪsɪz]

[K.K.: ˈmɪsɪz]

n.

太太；夫人

置于地方、运动、职业等名称之前，用来称呼公认是这事物的代表的已 婚妇女

Mrs.

[D.J.:ˈmɪsɪz]

[K.K.:ˈmɪsɪz]

n.

夫人,太太(对无特殊头衔的已婚妇女的称呼)

Mrs *****

Mrs
Mrs is used before the name of a married woman when you are speaking or referring to her.

- Hello, Mrs Miles.

- ...Mrs Anne Pritchard.

- ...Mr and Mrs D H Alderson.

N-TITLE (AM) Mrs.

Ms

[D.J.:mɪz]

[K.K.: mɪz]

n.

女士(代替Miss或Mrs的字,不指明称呼人的婚姻状况)

Ms.

[D.J.:mɪz]

[K.K.:mɪz]

n.

女士(对不愿被称为“太太”或“小姐”的女子的称呼)

Ms *****

Ms
Ms is used, especially in written English, before a woman's name when you are speaking to her or referring to her. If you use Ms , you are not specifying if the woman is married or not.

- ...Ms Brown.

- ...Ms Elizabeth Harman.

N-TITLE (AM) Ms.

ms

[miz]

abbr.

Montserrat 蒙塞拉特岛

Microsoft 微软公司

Military Standard 军标

ms.

ms.
ms. is a written abbreviation for manuscript .

MS

abbr.

=manuscript 手稿;手写本

=Mississippi 密西西比河

=Master of Science 理科硕士

MS

1. MS
MS is a serious disease of the nervous system, which gradually makes a person weaker, and sometimes affects their sight or speech. MS is an abbreviation for `multiple sclerosis'.
N-UNCOUNT

2. MS
An MS or M.S. is the same as an MSc . (AM)

MSc *

1. MSc MScs
An MSc is a master's degree in a science subject. MSc is an abbreviation for `Master of Science'.
N-COUNT The spelling M.Sc. is also used, especially in American English.

2. MSc
MSc is written after someone's name to indicate that they have an MSc.

- ...A. A. Mattick BSc, MSc.

The spelling M.Sc. is also used, especially in American English.

MSG

abbr.

Monosodium Glutamate 谷氨酸单钠, 味精

MSG

abbr.

Monosodium Glutamate 谷氨酸单钠, 味精

MSG

MSG
MSG is an abbreviation for monosodium glutamate .
N-UNCOUNT

Msgr

Msgr
Msgr is a written abbreviation for Monsignor .
The spelling Msgr. is also used, especially in American English.

MSP

abbr.

Main Steam Pipe 蒸汽总管

MSP

abbr.

Main Steam Pipe 蒸汽总管

MSP

1. MSP MSPs
An MSP is someone who has been elected as a member of the Scottish Parliament. MSP is an abbreviation for `Member of the Scottish Parliament'.
N-COUNT

2. MSP is written after someone's name to indicate that they have been elected as an MSP.

- ...Henry McLeish, MSP.

Mt *

Mt; Mts
Mt is a written abbreviation for Mount or Mountain .

- ...Mt Everest.

- ...the Rocky Mts.

The spelling Mt. is also used, especially in American English.

much

[D.J.:mʌtʃ]

[K.K.:mʌtʃ]

adv.

非常, 很, 十分

差不多, 几乎

很多地, 很大地, 程度极高地

很大程度上, 常常

adj.

许多的, 大量的

pron.

很多, 大量, 很大程度

很好的东西

much *****

1. much
You use much to indicate the great intensity, extent, or degree of something such as an action, feeling, or change. Much is usually used with `so', `too', and `very', and in negative clauses with this meaning.

- She laughs too much.

- Thank you very much.

- My hairstyle hasn't changed much since I was five.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

2. much
If something does not happen much , it does not happen very often.

- He said that his father never talked much about the war.

- Gwen had not seen her Daddy all that much, because mostly he worked on the ships.

- Do you get back East much?

ADV-GRADED: oft with brd-neg, ADV after v
= often

3. much
You use much in front of `too' or comparative adjectives and adverbs in order to emphasize that there is a large amount of a particular quality.

- The skin is much too delicate.

- You'd be so much happier if you could see yourself the way I see you.

- He had written to The Times and then, much more unacceptably, allowed himself to be interviewed on television.

ADV-GRADED: ADV compar, ADV too emphasis
= far

4. much
If one thing is much the same as another thing, it is very similar to it.

- The day ended much as it began.

- Sheep's milk is produced in much the same way as goat's milk.

ADV: ADV as/like cl, ADV like n, ADV n as n, ADV n

5. much
You use much to indicate that you are referring to a large amount of a substance or thing.

- They are grown on the hillsides in full sun, without much water.

- Japan has been reluctant to offer much aid to Russia.

- The Home Office acknowledges that much crime goes unreported.

- Furniture is so bulky, it takes so much room.

DET: DET n-uncount, oft with brd-neg
≠ little

6. much
Also a pronoun.

- ...eating too much and drinking too much...

- There was so much to talk about.

PRON
≠ little

7. much
Also a quantifier.

- Much of the time we do not notice that we are solving problems.

- She does much of her work abroad.

- Her father had been a merchant seaman, absent for much of her childhood.

QUANT: QUANT of def-n-uncount/def-sing-n
= a lot of

8. much
You use much in expressions such as not much , not very much , and too much when replying to questions about amounts.

- `Can you hear it where you live?' He shook his head. `Not much.'.

- `Do you care very much about what other people think?' --- `Too much.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV as reply

9. much
If you do not see much of someone, you do not see them very often.

- I don't see much of Tony nowadays.

- We won't be seeing much of each other for a while.

QUANT: with brd-neg, QUANT of n-proper/pron

10. much
You use much in the expression how much to ask questions about amounts or degrees, and also in reported clauses and statements to give information about the amount or degree of something.

- How much money can I afford?.

- See just how much fat and cholesterol you're eating.

- I'm always very aware of how much work there is still to be done.

- Krock told this story to McCauley and asked him how much truth there was in it.

DET: how DET

11. much
Also an adverb.

- She knows how much this upsets me but she persists in doing it.

- How much cooler will it get?

ADV-GRADED: how ADV, ADV with cl, ADV compar

12. much
Also a pronoun.

- How much do you earn?.

- Greg made a vague gesture to indicate how much.

PRON: how PRON

13. much
You use much in the expression as much when you are comparing amounts.

- I shall try, with as much patience as is possible, to explain yet again.

- Their aim will be to produce as much milk as possible.

- With an 18-watt fluorescent bulb you get as much light but use 75% less electricity.

DET: as DET n, usu as DET n as cl/group

14. much
You use much as to introduce a fact which makes something else you have just said or will say rather surprising.

- Much as they hope to go home tomorrow, they're resigned to staying on until the end of the year.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

15. much
You use as much in expressions such as ` I thought as much ' and ` I guessed as much ' after you have just been told something and you want to say that you already believed or expected it to be true.

- You're waiting for a woman -- I thought as much.

PHR: v PHR

16. much
You use as much as before an amount to suggest that it is surprisingly large.

- The organisers hope to raise as much as £6m for charity.

PHR: PHR amount emphasis

17. much
You use much less after a statement, often a negative one, to indicate that the statement is more true of the person, thing, or situation that you are going to mention next.

- They are always short of water to drink, much less to bathe in.

- But we must not think of Chekhov as a leftist, much less a revolutionary.

PHR: PHR cl/group, PHR before v

18. much
You say nothing much to refer to something that is not very interesting or important.

- `What was stolen?' --- `Oh, nothing much.'.

- Nothing much interesting seemed to be happening.

PHR

19. much
If you describe something as not much of a particular type of thing, you mean that it is small or of poor quality.

- It hasn't been much of a holiday.

- It's not much of a career, you may think.

PHR: PHR n

20. much
So much for is used to indicate that you have finished talking about a subject. (SPOKEN)

- Well, so much for the producers. But what of the consumers?

PHR: PHR n

21. much
If you say so much for a particular thing, you mean that it has not been successful or helpful. (INFORMAL)

- He had panicked. And panic was fear. So much for all his damn theories!

PHR: PHR n

22. much
If you say that something is not so much one thing as another, you mean that it is more like the second thing than the first.

- I don't really think of her as a daughter so much as a very good friend.

- She told me she was not so much leaving her job as it was leaving her.

PHR: with brd-neg, PHR group, PHR before v

23. much
If you say that someone did not do so much as perform a particular action, you are emphasizing that they did not even do that, when you were expecting them to do more.

- I didn't so much as catch sight of him all day long.

- Laura had not reproached him, never so much as mentioned it.

- She auctioned off the car without so much as taking a ride in it.

PHR: with brd-neg, PHR before v emphasis
= even

24. much
You use so much so to indicate that your previous statement is true to a very great extent, and therefore it has the result mentioned.

- He himself believed in freedom, so much so that he would rather die than live without it.

PHR: PHR that

25. much
If a situation or action is too much for you, it is so difficult, tiring, or upsetting that you cannot cope with it.

- His inability to stay at one job for long had finally proved too much for her.

PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR for n

26. much
You use very much to emphasize that someone or something has a lot of a particular quality, or that the description you are about to give is particularly accurate.

- ...a man very much in charge of himself...

- Yorkshire is still very much a farming community with good meat, good dairy produce and eggs.

- Something was very much the matter.

PHR: oft PHR n emphasis

much

adjective

1.

great

abundant

a lot of

ample

considerable

copious

plenty of

sizable or sizeable

substantial

noun

2.

a lot

a good deal

a great deal

heaps informal

loads informal

lots informal

plenty

adverb

3.

greatly

a great deal

a lot

considerably

decidedly

exceedingly

much-

much-
Much- combines with past participles to form adjectives which emphasize the intensity of the specified state or action.

- That means cutting or shelving some of our spending plans, including much-needed public works.

- The author of the computer game expects to have finished a much-improved program next year.

COMB in ADJ emphasis

much-maligned

much-maligned
If you describe someone or something as much-maligned , you mean that they are often criticized by people, but you think the criticism is unfair or exaggerated because they have good qualities too.

- Let us not forget that the much-maligned British Rail has a major expertise in electronic communications.

- I'm happy for James. He's a much-maligned player but has tremendous spirit.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

much-travelled

much-travelled
A much-travelled person has travelled a lot in foreign countries.
ADJ (AM) much-traveled
= well-travelled

muck

[D.J.:mʌk]

[K.K.:mʌk]

n.

污物, 污泥

湿粪

where there’s muck there’s brass

哪里活脏哪里有钱赚

vt.

施粪肥于…

muck *

1. muck
Muck is dirt or some other unpleasant substance. (INFORMAL)

- This congealed muck was interfering with the filter and causing the flooding.

N-UNCOUNT

2. muck
Muck is animal faeces. (INFORMAL)

- He could smell muck and clean fresh hay.

N-UNCOUNT

3. muck
If you refer to something as muck , you are emphasizing that you think it is of very bad quality. (INFORMAL)

- He hasn't eaten anything for days. And are you surprised, when this muck is all I have to give him?.

- The script is utterly banal. It is incredible that human minds can put such muck on to paper.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= rubbish

muck

noun

1.

manure

dung

ordure

2.

dirt

filth

gunge informal

mire

mud

ooze

slime

sludge

muck around *

1. muck around mucks around; mucking around; mucked around
If you muck around or muck about , you behave in a childish or silly way, often so that you waste your time and fail to achieve anything. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- We do not want people of his age mucking around risking people's lives.

- He'd spent his boyhood summers mucking about in boats.

- The last I saw of him though he was mucking about with the nurses and really enjoying himself.

PHR-V (BRIT) also muck about
= mess about

2. muck around mucks around; mucking around; mucked around
If you muck around with or muck about with something, you alter it, often making it worse than it was. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The president's wife doesn't muck around with policy or sit in on Cabinet meetings.

PHR-V
= mess around

3. muck around mucks around; mucking around; mucked around
If you muck someone around or muck them about , you treat them badly, for example by not being honest with them or by continually changing plans which affect them. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He does not tolerate anyone who mucks him about.

PHR-V
= mess about

muck in *

muck in mucks in; mucking in; mucked in
If someone mucks in , they join in with an activity or help other people with a job and do not consider themselves to be too important to do it. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Course residents are expected to muck in and be prepared to share rooms.

- She mucked in with the chores and did her own washing and ironing.

- Ian was never afraid to take his coat off and muck in with everybody else.

PHR-V

muck out *

muck out mucks out; mucking out; mucked out
If you muck out a stable or a farm animal's home, you clean out all the faeces and old hay. (BRIT)

- He stamped off to muck out the pigsty.

- Here's how to muck out.

PHR-V

muck up *

muck up mucks up; mucking up; mucked up
If you muck up or muck something up , you do something very badly so that you fail to achieve what you wanted to. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I mucked up at the 13th hole and told myself that this was getting stupid.

- Scientists should figure out how to keep the natural world from mucking up the affairs of people.

PHR-V
= mess up

muck up

verb

ruin

blow slang

botch

bungle

make a mess of

make a pig's ear of informal

mess up

muff

spoil

muck-raking

muck-raking
If you accuse someone of muck-raking , you are criticizing them for finding and spreading unpleasant or embarrassing information about someone, especially a public figure.

- The Prime Minister accused opposition leaders of muck-raking.

N-UNCOUNT also muckraking . disapproval

mucky

[ˈmʌki]

adj.

粪肥的,肮脏的

mucky

mucky muckier muckiest
Something that is mucky is very dirty. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED

mucky

adjective

dirty

begrimed

filthy

grimy

messy

muddy

mucous membrane

mucous membrane mucous membranes
A mucous membrane is skin that produces mucus to prevent itself from becoming dry. It covers delicate parts of the body such as the inside of your nose. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

mucus

[D.J.:ˈmju:kəs]

[K.K.:ˈmjukəs]

n.

<生>(由黏膜分泌出的)黏液

mucus *

mucus
Mucus is a thick liquid that is produced in some parts of your body, for example the inside of your nose.
N-UNCOUNT

mud

[D.J.:mʌd]

[K.K.:mʌd]

n.

泥, 烂泥

mud **

mud
Mud is a sticky mixture of earth and water.

- His uniform was crumpled, untidy, splashed with mud.

- Their lorry got stuck in the mud.

N-UNCOUNT

mud

noun

dirt

clay

mire

ooze

silt

slime

sludge

muddle

[D.J.:ˈmʌdl]

[K.K.:ˈmʌdl..]

n.

糊涂;混乱, 杂乱

vt.

弄乱, 弄糟

使糊涂

vi.

对付, 混日子

muddle along

混日子；得过且过

muddle through

勉强应付过去

muddle sb up

使糊涂

muddle sb/sth up (with sb/sth), muddle A up with B

把…(同…)弄混；把…错当成…

muddle sth up (with sth)

随便弄乱；使混乱

muddled

[D.J.:ˈmʌdld]

[K.K.: ˈmʌdl..d]

adj.

混乱的

糊涂的

头脑昏昏然的

muddle *

1. muddle muddles
If people or things are in a muddle , they are in a state of confusion or disorder.

- My thoughts are all in a muddle.

- We are going to get into a hopeless muddle.

- ...a general muddle of pencils and boxes...

- The laws led to confusion, muddle and years of delay.

- ...domestic muddles and family tensions.

N-VAR: oft in/into a N
= mess confusion

2. muddle muddles muddling muddled
If you muddle things or people, you get them mixed up, so that you do not know which is which.

- Already, one or two critics have begun to muddle the two names.

- We are beginning to muddle the extended royal family and the monarchy.

VB
= mix up confuse

3. muddle up muddles up; muddling up; muddled up
Muddle up means the same as muddle .

- The question muddles up three separate issues.

- He sometimes muddles me up with other patients.

PHR-V

4. muddled up

- I know that I am getting my words muddled up.

ADJ-GRADED

muddled *

muddled
If someone is muddled , they are confused about something.

- I'm afraid I'm a little muddled. I'm not exactly sure where to begin.

- ...the muddled thinking of the Government's transport policy in recent years.

ADJ-GRADED
= confused

muddle

verb

1.

jumble

disarrange

disorder

disorganize

mess

scramble

spoil

tangle

2.

confuse

befuddle

bewilder

confound

daze

disorient

perplex

stupefy

noun

3.

confusion

chaos

disarray

disorder

disorganization

jumble

mess

mix-up

predicament

tangle

muddle along *

muddle along muddles along; muddling along; muddled along
If you muddle along , you live or exist without a proper plan or purpose in your life.

- I've started going to evening classes to learn how to do things properly, rather than just muddling along.

PHR-V

muddle through *

muddle through muddles through; muddling through; muddled through
If you muddle through , you manage to do something even though you do not have the proper equipment or do not really know how to do it.

- We will muddle through and just play it day by day.

- The BBC may be able to muddle through the next five years like this.

- Somehow or other, we muddled our way through.

PHR-V

muddy

[D.J.:ˈmʌdi]

[K.K.:ˈmʌdi]

adj.

泥泞的

暗的, 模糊的, 糊涂的

vt.

使沾上泥

muddy *

1. muddy muddier muddiest
Something that is muddy contains mud or is covered in mud.

- ...a muddy track...

- The ground was still very muddy.

- ...his muddy boots.

ADJ-GRADED

2. muddy muddies muddying muddied
If you muddy something, you cause it to be muddy.

- The ground still smelled of rain and they muddied their shoes.

- His new grey jacket was torn and muddied.

VB

3. muddy muddier muddiest
Muddy is used to describe a colour which is dull and brownish.

- The paper has turned a muddy colour.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

4. muddy muddies muddying muddied
If someone or something muddies a situation or issue, they cause it to seem less clear and less easy to understand.

- It's difficult enough without muddying the issue with religion.

- ...the mixed motives that muddied Mr Crane's efforts.

VB

5. muddied
If someone or something muddies the waters , they cause a situation or issue to seem less clear and less easy to understand.

- Overseas the legal issues are more muddied.

- They keep on muddying the waters by raising other political issues.

PHR: V inflects

muddy

adjective

1.

dirty

bespattered

grimy

mucky

mud-caked

soiled

2.

boggy

marshy

quaggy

swampy

mudflats

mudflats
Mudflats are areas of flat empty land at the coast which are covered by the sea only when the tide is in.
N-PLURAL

mudguard

[D.J.:ˈmʌdˌɡɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈmʌdˌɡɑrd]

n.

挡泥板,汽车的挡泥板

mudguard

mudguard mudguards
The mudguards of a bicycle or other vehicle are curved pieces of metal or plastic above the tyres, which stop mud getting on the rider or vehicle. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use fender or splashguard )
N-COUNT: usu pl

mudslide

[D.J.:ˈmʌdslaid]

[K.K.:ˈmʌdˌslaɪd]

n.

(沿缓坡而下的)徐缓黏滞泥流;泥流

mudslide

mudslide mudslides
A mudslide is a large amount of mud sliding down a mountain, usually causing damage or destruction.
N-COUNT

mud-slinging

mud-slinging
If you accuse someone of mud-slinging , you are accusing them of making insulting, unfair, and damaging remarks about their opponents.

- There will be no mudslinging, they promise.

- Voters are disillusioned with the mud-slinging campaigns run by many candidates in recent years.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

muesli

[D.J.:ˈmju:zli:]

[K.K.:ˈmjuzli]

n.

牛奶什锦早餐

muesli

muesli mueslis
Muesli is a breakfast cereal made from chopped nuts, dried fruit, and grains.
N-MASS

muezzin

[D.J.:mu(:)ˈezin]

[K.K.:mjuˈɛzɪn, mu-]

n.

报告祷告时刻的人

muezzin

muezzin muezzins
A muezzin is an official who calls from the tower of a mosque when it is time for Muslims to pray.
N-COUNT

muff

[D.J.:mʌf]

[K.K.:mʌf]

n.

皮手笼,笨拙的人,接球失败

v.

弄糟,漏接(球),失败

muff

1. muff muffs muffing muffed
If you muff something, you do it badly or you make a mistake while you are doing it, so that it is not successful. (INFORMAL)

- He muffed his opening speech.

- ...a muffed opportunity.

VB

2. muff muffs
A muff is a piece of fur or thick cloth shaped like a short hollow cylinder. You wear a muff on your hands to keep them warm in cold weather.
N-COUNT

3. muff muffs
Muffs are the same as earmuffs .
N-PLURAL

muffin

[D.J.:ˈmʌfɪn]

[K.K.:ˈmʌfɪn]

n.

(涂牛油趁热吃的)松饼

muffin *

1. muffin muffins
Muffins are small, round, sweet cakes, usually with fruit or bran inside. They are often eaten with butter for breakfast. (AM)

- ...breakfasts of pancakes, blueberry muffins, eggs, and bacon.

N-COUNT

2. muffin muffins
Muffins are small, flat, sweet bread rolls that you eat hot with butter. (BRIT; in AM use English muffins )
N-COUNT

muffle

[D.J.:ˈmʌfəl]

[K.K.:ˈmʌfəl]

vt.

压抑, 捂住

vi.

用厚厚的衣帽包着(自己)

muffled

[D.J.:ˈmʌfld]

[K.K.: ˈmʌfl..d]

adj.

(声音)被隔的,听不太清的,隐约的

(衣服)裹严的,蒙住的

muffling

消声

muffle *

muffle muffles muffling muffled
If something muffles a sound, it makes it quieter and more difficult to hear.

- Blake held his handkerchief over the mouthpiece to muffle his voice.

- She heard a muffled cough behind her.

VB

muffled

muffled
If you are muffled up , you are wearing a lot of heavy clothes so that very little of your body or face is visible.

- Children muffled in scarves and woolly hats were slipping and sliding on the ice.

- All the women were muffled up in several layers of clothing.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

muffle

verb

1.

wrap up

cloak

cover

envelop

shroud

swaddle

swathe

2.

deaden

muzzle

quieten

silence

soften

stifle

suppress

muffled

adjective

indistinct

faint

muted

stifled

strangled

subdued

suppressed

muffler

[D.J.:ˈmʌflə]

[K.K.:ˈmʌflɚ]

n.

围巾

消声器;消音器

muffler

1. muffler mufflers
A muffler is the same as a scarf . (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

2. muffler mufflers
A muffler is a device on a car exhaust that makes it quieter. (AM; in BRIT use silencer )
N-COUNT

mug

[D.J.:mʌɡ]

[K.K.:mʌɡ]

n.

圆筒形有柄大杯

〈口〉容易受骗的人, 傻瓜

〈俚〉脸

vt.

对…行凶抢劫

mugging

[D.J.:ˈmʌɡiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmʌɡɪŋ]

n.

〈美〉哑剧,默剧

mug **

1. mug mugs
A mug is a large deep cup with straight sides and a handle, used for hot drinks.

- He spooned instant coffee into two of the mugs.

N-COUNT

2. mug mugs
A mug of something is the amount of it contained in a mug.

- He had been drinking mugs of coffee to keep himself awake.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. mug mugs mugging mugged
If someone mugs you, they attack you in order to steal your money.

- I was walking out to my car when this guy tried to mug me.

- He has been mugged more than once.

VB

4. mugging muggings

- Bank robberies, burglaries and muggings are reported almost daily in the press.

- We usually think of a victim of mugging as being someone elderly.

N-VAR

5. mug mugs
If you say that someone is a mug , you mean that they are stupid and easily deceived by other people. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He's a mug as far as women are concerned.

- I feel such a mug for signing the agreement.

N-COUNT disapproval

6. mug
If you say that an activity is a mug's game , you mean that it is not worth doing because it does not give the person who is doing it any benefit or satisfaction. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I used to be a very heavy gambler, but not any more. It's a mug's game.

- Dieting is a mug's game.

PHR: v-link PHR disapproval

7. mug mugs
Someone's mug is their face. (INFORMAL)

- He managed to get his ugly mug on the telly.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

mug

noun

cup

beaker

pot

tankard

mug

noun

face

countenance

features

visage

1.

fool

chump informal

easy or soft touch slang

simpleton

sucker slang

verb

2.

attack

assault

beat up

rob

set about or upon

mug up **

mug up mugs up; mugging up; mugged up
If you mug up a subject or mug up on it, you study it quickly, so that you can remember the main facts about it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...visitors who want to mug up their knowledge in the shortest possible time...

- It is advisable to mug up on your Spanish, too, as few locals speak English.

PHR-V
= swot up

mug up

verb

study

bone up on informal

burn the midnight oil informal

cram informal

swot Brit. informal

mugger

[D.J.:ˈmʌgə]

[K.K.:ˈmʌɡɚ]

n.

抢劫犯;拦路抢劫者

mugger

mugger muggers
A mugger is a person who attacks someone violently in a street in order to steal money from them.
N-COUNT

mugginess

n.

闷热

muggy

[D.J.:ˈmʌgi:]

[K.K.:ˈmʌɡi]

adj.

(天气)闷热而潮湿的

muggily

adv.

(天气)闷热而潮湿地

mugginess

n.

(天气)闷热而潮湿

muggy

muggy
Muggy weather is unpleasantly warm and damp.

- It was muggy and overcast.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ
= humid

muggy

adjective

humid

clammy

close

moist

oppressive

sticky

stuffy

sultry

mug shot

mug shot mug shots
A mug shot is a photograph of someone, especially a photograph of a criminal which has been taken by the police. (INFORMAL)

- ...mug-shots of the five terrorists.

N-COUNT

mulberry

[D.J.:ˈmʌlˌberi:, -bəri:]

[K.K.:ˈmʌlˌbɛri, -bəri]

n.

桑树

桑葚

mulberry field

桑园

mulberry

1. mulberry mulberries
A mulberry or a mulberry tree is a tree which has small purple berries which you can eat.
N-VAR

2. mulberry mulberries
Mulberries are the fruit of a mulberry tree.
N-COUNT

mulch

[D.J.:mʌltʃ]

[K.K.:mʌltʃ]

n.

护根(用以保持水分、消灭杂草等的覆盖物, 如稻草、腐叶或塑料膜)

vt.

用护根覆盖(植物根部或其周围地面)

mulching

覆盖

mulch *

1. mulch mulches
A mulch is a layer of old leaves, pieces of wood, or animal faeces which you put on the soil round plants in order to protect them and help them to grow.
N-MASS

2. mulch mulches mulching mulched
To mulch plants means to put a mulch round them to protect them and help them to grow.

- In May, mulch the bed with garden compost.

VB

mule

[D.J.:mju:l]

[K.K.:mjul]

n.

骡; 骡子

〈口〉顽固的人

拖鞋

mule *

1. mule mules
A mule is an animal whose parents are a horse and a donkey.
N-COUNT

2. mule mules
A mule is a shoe or slipper which is open around the heel.
N-COUNT: usu pl

mull

[D.J.:mʌl]

[K.K.:mʌl]

vt.

将(葡萄酒、啤酒等)制成热饮(加糖、香料等)

思索或思考(某事物)

mull over

认真琢磨；反复思考

n.

岬,海角

mulling

[ˈmʌliŋ]

n.

研碎,研磨

mulls

[mʌlz]

n.

(高熔点)膏药

mull *

mull mulls mulling mulled
If you mull something, you think about it for a long time before deciding what to do. (AM)

- Last month, a federal grand jury began mulling evidence in the case.

- Do you know why he was mulling and hesitating?

VB

mulled

mulled
Mulled wine has sugar and spice added to it and is then heated.
ADJ: ADJ n

mull

verb

ponder

consider

contemplate

deliberate

meditate

reflect on

ruminate

think over

weigh

mull over *

mull over mulls over; mulling over; mulled over
If you mull something over , you think about it for a long time before deciding what to do.

- McLaren had been mulling over an idea to make a movie.

- I'll leave you alone here so you can mull it over.

PHR-V
= consider

mullah

[D.J.:ˈmʌlə]

[K.K.:ˈmʌlə, ˈmʊlə]

n.

毛拉(伊斯兰教国家对老师、先生、学者的敬称)

mullah

mullah
A mullah is a Muslim who is a religious teacher or leader.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

mullet

[D.J.:ˈmʌlit]

[K.K.:ˈmʌlɪt]

n.

胭脂鱼,鲻鱼

mullet *

1. mullet mullets
A mullet is a small sea fish that people cook and eat.
N-VAR mullet can also be used as the plural form

2. mullet
Mullet is this fish eaten as food.
N-UNCOUNT mullet can also be used as the plural form

multi-

[ˈmʌlti]

pref.

表示“多,多种,多个”之义

multi-

multi-
Multi- is used to form adjectives indicating that something consists of many things of a particular kind.

- ...the introduction of multi-party democracy.

- ...a multi-million-dollar outfit.

PREFIX

multicoloured

adj.

多色彩的,五彩缤纷的

multicoloured

multicoloured
A multicoloured object has many different colours.

- ...a sea of multicoloured umbrellas.

ADJ: usu ADJ n The spellings multi-coloured in British English, and multicolored or multi-colored in American English are also used.

multicultural

[D.J.:ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl]

[K.K.:ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl, -taɪ-]

adj.

多种文化的；反映多种文化的；适合于多种文化的

multicultural

multicultural
Multicultural means consisting of or relating to people of many different nationalities and cultures.

- ...children growing up in a multicultural society...

- The school has been attempting to bring a multicultural perspective to its curriculum.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also multi-cultural .

multiculturalism

n.

多元文化

multiculturalism

multiculturalism
Multiculturalism is a situation in which all the different cultural or racial groups in a society have equal rights and opportunities, and none is ignored or regarded as unimportant.
N-UNCOUNT

multi-faceted

multi-faceted
Multi-faceted means having a variety of different and important features or elements.

- Webb is a multi-faceted performer.

- Her job is multi-faceted.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n (AM) usually and (BRIT) sometimes multifaceted

multifarious

[D.J.:ˌmʌltəˈfeəri:əs]

[K.K.:ˌmʌltəˈfɛriəs]

adj.

许多的,多方面的

各式各样的

multifarious

multifarious
If you describe things as multifarious , you mean that they are many in number and of many different kinds. (LITERARY)

- Spain is a composite of multifarious traditions and people.

- The reasons for closure are multifarious.

ADJ-GRADED

multifarious

adjective

diverse

different

legion

manifold

many

miscellaneous

multiple

numerous

sundry

varied

multilateral

[D.J.:ˌmʌltɪˈlætərəl]

[K.K.:ˌmʌltɪˈlætərəl]

adj.

多方面的;多边的

multilateralism

n.

多边贸易

multilaterally

adv.

多方面地;多边地

multilateral *

multilateral
Multilateral means involving at least three different groups of people or nations.

- Many want to abandon the multilateral trade talks in Geneva.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

multilingual

[D.J.:ˈmʌltiˈliŋɡwəl]

[K.K.:ˌmʌltiˈlɪŋɡwəl, -taɪ-]

adj.

使用多种语言的

multilingual

1. multilingual
Multilingual means involving several different languages.

- ...a multilingual country.

- ...multilingual dictionaries.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also multi-lingual .

2. multilingual
A multilingual person is able to speak more than two languages very well.

- He recruited two multilingual engineers.

ADJ also multi-lingual .

multimedia

[D.J.:ˌmʌlti:ˈmi:di:ə, -taɪ-]

[K.K.:ˌmʌltiˈmidiə, -taɪ-]

n.

多媒体

multimedia *

1. multimedia
You use multimedia to refer to computer programs and products which involve sound, pictures, and film, as well as text.

- ...the case of an insurance company using multimedia to improve customer service in its branches.

- ...the next generation of computers, which will be `multimedia machines' that allow users to control and manipulate sound, video, text and graphics.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

2. multimedia
In education, multimedia is the use of television and other different media in a lesson, as well as books.
N-UNCOUNT

3. multimedia
In art, multimedia is the use of different kinds of material in a painting, sculpture or performance.
N-UNCOUNT

multi-millionaire *

multi-millionaire multi-millionaires
A multi-millionaire is a very rich person who has money or property worth several million pounds or dollars.
N-COUNT also multimillionaire .

multinational

[D.J.:ˌmʌlti:ˈnæʃənəl, -ˈnæʃnəl, -taɪ-]

[K.K.:ˌmʌltiˈnæʃənəl, -ˈnæʃnəl, -taɪ-]

adj.

多国的

n.

跨国公司

multinational **

1. multinational
A multinational company has branches or owns companies in many different countries.
ADJ: usu ADJ n also multi-national .

2. multinational multinationals
Also a noun.

- ...multinationals such as Ford and IBM.

N-COUNT also multi-national .

3. multinational
Multinational armies, organizations, or other groups involve people from several different countries.

- The US troops would be part of a multinational force.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also multi-national .

4. multinational
Multinational countries or regions have a population that is made up of people of several different nationalities.
ADJ: usu ADJ n also multi-national .

multiple

[D.J.:ˈmʌltipl]

[K.K.:ˈmʌltəpəl]

adj.

多重的, 多种多样的

n.

〈数〉倍数

multiple **

1. multiple
You use multiple to describe things that consist of many parts, involve many people, or have many uses.

- He died of multiple injuries.

- The most common multiple births are twins, two babies born at the same time.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. multiple multiples
If one number is a multiple of a smaller number, it can be exactly divided by that smaller number.

- Their numerical system, derived from the Babylonians, was based on multiples of the number six.

N-COUNT: N of n

3. multiple multiples
A multiple or a multiple store is a shop with a lot of branches in different towns. (BRIT)

- It made it almost impossible for the smaller retailer to compete against the multiples.

N-COUNT

multiple

adjective

many

manifold

multitudinous

numerous

several

sundry

various

multiple choice

multiple choice
In a multiple choice test or question, you have to choose the answer that you think is right from several possible answers that are listed on the question paper.
ADJ: usu ADJ n also multiple-choice .

multiple sclerosis *

multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is a serious disease of the nervous system, which gradually makes a person weaker, and sometimes affects their sight or speech. The abbreviation MS is also used.
N-UNCOUNT

multiplex

[D.J.:ˈmʌltipleks]

[K.K.:ˈmʌltəˌplɛks]

adj.

多元的

multiplex

multiplex multiplexes
A multiplex is a cinema complex with six or more screens.
N-COUNT

multiplication

[D.J.:ˌmʌltəplɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌmʌltəplɪˈkeʃən]

n.

增多;增加;乘;繁殖

乘法

multiplication

1. multiplication
Multiplication is the process of calculating the total of one number multiplied by another.

- There will be simple tests in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

N-UNCOUNT

2. multiplication
The multiplication of things of a particular kind is the process or fact of them increasing in number or amount.

- Increasing gravity is known to speed up the multiplication of cells.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

multiplication sign

multiplication sign multiplication signs
A multiplication sign is the sign x which is put between two numbers to show that they are being multiplied.
N-COUNT

multiplication table

multiplication table multiplication tables
A multiplication table is a list of the multiplications of numbers between one and twelve. Children often have to learn multiplication tables at school.
N-COUNT
= table

multiplicity

[D.J.:ˌmʌltiˈplisiti]

[K.K.:ˌmʌltəˈplɪsɪti]

n.

多样性

multiplicity

multiplicity
A multiplicity of things is a large number or a large variety of them. (FORMAL)

- ...a writer who uses a multiplicity of styles.

- ...the multiplicity of tasks this machine can perform.

QUANT: QUANT of pl-n
= host of

multiply

[D.J.:ˈmʌltiplai]

[K.K.:ˈmʌltəˌplaɪ]

vt. & vi.

乘, (使)相乘

(使)增加

(使)繁殖

multiply **

1. multiply multiplies multiplying multiplied
When something multiplies or when you multiply it, it increases greatly in number or amount.

- Such disputes multiplied in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

- Her husband multiplied his demands on her time.

V-ERG

2. multiply multiplies multiplying multiplied
When animals and insects multiply , they increase in number by giving birth to large numbers of young.

- These creatures can multiply quickly.

VB

3. multiply multiplies multiplying multiplied
If you multiply one number by another, you add the first number to itself as many times as is indicated by the second number. For example 2 multiplied by 3 is equal to 6.

- What do you get if you multiply six by nine?

- ...the remarkable ability to multiply huge numbers correctly without pen or paper.

VB

multiply

verb

1.

increase

build up

expand

extend

proliferate

spread

2.

reproduce

breed

propagate

multiracial

[D.J.:ˈmʌlti:ˌreɪʃəl, -taɪ-]

[K.K.:ˈmʌltiˌreʃəl, -taɪ-]

adj.

多种族的

multiracial

multiracial
Multiracial means consisting of or involving people of many different nationalities and cultures.

- We live in a multiracial society.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also multi-racial .
= multicultural

multi-storey

multi-storey
A multi-storey building has several floors at different levels above the ground.

- ...the Moskovski Department Store, a vast multi-story complex near the city's center.

- ...a multi-storey car park.

- ...multi-storeyed apartment blocks.

ADJ: usu ADJ n The spellings multistorey and sometimes multistory in British English, and multi-story or multistory in American English are also used. The forms multi-storeyed and multi-storied are also used.

multi-tasking

multi-tasking
Multi-tasking is a situation in which a computer or person does more than one thing at the same time.

- The big advantage of multi-tasking is that all equipment is used most of the time.

- New types of multi-tasking software are now available.

N-UNCOUNT

multitude

[D.J.:ˈmʌltitju:d]

[K.K.:ˈmʌltɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

大量, 许多

大众, 民众, 群众

multitude *

1. multitude
If you say that something covers or hides a multitude of sins , you mean that it hides something unattractive or does not reveal the true nature of something.

- There are a multitude of small quiet roads to cycle along.

- Addiction to drugs can bring a multitude of other problems.

- `Strong, centralized government' is a term that can cover a multitude of sins.

PHR: PHR after v

2. multitude multitudes
You can refer to a very large number of people as a multitude . (WRITTEN)

- ...surrounded by a noisy multitude.

- ...the multitudes that throng around the Pope.

N-COUNT
= crowd

3. multitude multitudes
You can refer to the great majority of people in a particular country or situation as the multitude or the multitudes .

- The hideous truth was hidden from the multitude.

- It is our task to convince the multitudes that we are pursuing a lawful hobby in a lawful way.

N-COUNT-COLL: the N

multitude

noun

mass

army

crowd

horde

host

mob

myriad

swarm

throng

mum

[D.J.:mʌm]

[K.K.:mʌm]

n.

<口>妈妈

adj.

沉默的

keep mum

保持沉默；缄口不言

mum’s the word!

(用于提醒某人保守秘密或告诉某人自己会保守秘密)不要外传

mum ***

1. mum mums
Your mum is your mother. (INFORMAL) (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use mom )

- He misses his mum.

- Mum and Dad are coming for lunch.

- Don't worry, Mum.

- You're about to become a mum.

N-FAMILY
= mom

2. mum
If you keep mum or stay mum about something, you do not tell anyone about it. (INFORMAL)

- I'd be in trouble if I let on. So I kept mum.

PHR: V inflects
= keep quiet

mumble

[D.J.:ˈmʌmbl]

[K.K.:ˈmʌmbəl]

vt. & vi.

含糊地说某事; 叽咕; 咕哝

n.

含糊的话或声音; 咕哝

mumble *

1. mumble mumbles mumbling mumbled
If you mumble , you speak very quietly and not at all clearly with the result that the words are difficult to understand.

- Her grandmother mumbled in her sleep.

- He mumbled a few words.

- `Today of all days,' she mumbled.

VB
= mutter

2. mumble mumbles
Also a noun.

- He could hear the low mumble of Navarro's voice.

N-COUNT
= mutter

mumbo jumbo

mumbo jumbo
If you describe ideas or words, especially religious or technical ones, as mumbo jumbo , you mean that they are nonsense. (INFORMAL)

- It's all full of psychoanalytic mumbo-jumbo.

N-UNCOUNT also mumbo-jumbo . disapproval

mummified

木乃伊化的

mummify

[D.J.:ˈmʌmifai]

[K.K.:ˈmʌməˌfaɪ]

v.

成木乃伊状,干瘪;使干瘪,使成木乃伊

mummify

mummify mummifies mummifying mummified
If a dead body is mummified , it is preserved, for example by rubbing it with special oils and wrapping it in cloth.

- In America, people are paying up to $150,000 to be mummified after death.

- ...the mummified pharaoh.

VB: usu passive
= embalm

mummy

[D.J.:ˈmʌmi:]

[K.K.:ˈmʌmi]

n.

<口>妈妈

木乃伊,干尸

a mummy’s boy

软弱的男孩(或男人)

mummy *

1. mummy mummies
Some people, especially young children, call their mother mummy . (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use mommy )

- I want my mummy.

- Mummy, I'm tired!.

- Mummy says I can play out in the garden.

N-FAMILY

2. mummy mummies
A mummy is a dead body which was preserved long ago by being rubbed with special oils and wrapped in cloth.

- ...an Egyptian mummy.

N-COUNT

mumps

[D.J.:mʌmps]

[K.K.:mʌmps]

n.

腮腺炎

mumps

mumps
Mumps is a disease usually caught by children. It causes a mild fever and painful swelling of the glands in the neck.
N-UNCOUNT

munch

[D.J.:mʌntʃ]

[K.K.:mʌntʃ]

vt. & vi.

用力咀嚼(某物);大嚼

munch *

munch munches munching munched
If you munch food, you eat it by chewing it slowly, thoroughly, and rather noisily.

- Luke munched the chicken sandwiches.

- Across the table, his son Benjie munched appreciatively.

- Sheep were munching their way through a yellow carpet of leaves.

VB
= chomp

munch

verb

chew

champ

chomp

crunch

munchies

[D.J.:ˈmʌntʃi:z]

[K.K.:ˈmʌntʃiz]

n.

〈口〉①饥饿感，吃点心欲②快餐，小吃

munchies

munchies
If someone gets the munchies , they suddenly feel a strong desire to eat a snack or something sweet, especially when they have been taking drugs. (INFORMAL)

- ...an attack of the munchies.

N-PLURAL: the N

mundane

[D.J.:mʌnˈdeɪn, ˈmʌnˌdeɪn]

[K.K.:mʌnˈden, ˈmʌnˌden]

adj.

平凡的,平淡的

mundane *

1. mundane
Something that is mundane is very ordinary and not at all interesting or unusual.

- Be willing to do mundane tasks with good grace.

- ...the mundane realities of life.

ADJ-GRADED
= boring

2. mundane
You can refer to mundane things as the mundane .

- It's an attitude that turns the mundane into something rather more interesting and exciting.

N-SING: the N

mundane

adjective

1.

ordinary

banal

commonplace

day-to-day

everyday

humdrum

prosaic

routine

workaday

2.

earthly

mortal

secular

temporal

terrestrial

worldly

municipal

[D.J.:mjuˈnisipəl]

[K.K.:mjuˈnɪsəpəl]

adj.

市的, 市政的

municipal **

municipal
Municipal means associated with or belonging to a city or town that has its own local government.

- The municipal authorities gave the go-ahead for the march.

- ...next month's municipal elections.

- ...the municipal library.

ADJ: ADJ n

municipal

adjective

civic

public

urban

municipality

[D.J.:mjuˌnisiˈpæliti]

[K.K.:mjuˌnɪsəˈpælɪti]

n.

自治市; 自治区; 自治市或区的政府当局

municipality *

1. municipality municipalities
In Britain, a municipality is a city or town which is governed by its own locally-appointed officials. You can also refer to a city's or town's local government as a municipality .
N-COUNT

2. municipality municipalities
In the United States, a municipality is a city or town that is incorporated and can elect its own government, which is also called a municipality .
N-COUNT

municipality

noun

town

borough

city

district

township

munificent

munificent
A munificent person is very generous. (FORMAL)

- ...one of the country's most munificent artistic benefactors.

- ...a munificent donation.

ADJ-GRADED

munificent

adjective

generous

beneficent

benevolent

bountiful

lavish

liberal

magnanimous

open-handed

philanthropic

unstinting

munitions

[D.J.:mju:ˈnɪʃnz]

[K.K.: mjuˈnɪʃənz]

n.

军火;军需品

munitions *

munitions
Munitions are military equipment and supplies, especially bombs, shells, and guns.

- ...the shortage of men and munitions.

- ...a munitions factory.

N-PLURAL

mural

[D.J.:ˈmjʊərəl]

[K.K.:ˈmjʊrəl]

n.

(通常指大型的)壁画

muralist

n.

壁画家

muralist

[ˈmjuərəlist]

n.

壁画家

mural *

mural murals
A mural is a picture painted on a wall.

- ...a mural of Tangier bay.

N-COUNT
= fresco

murder

[D.J.:ˈmə:də]

[K.K.:ˈmɚdɚ]

n.

谋杀; 谋杀案

杀戮

极艰难[令人沮丧]的经历

对某事物造成极大的伤害[不便]的事物

vt.

谋杀

糟蹋

murder ****

1. murder murders
Murder is the deliberate and illegal killing of a person.

- The three accused, aged between 19 and 20, are charged with attempted murder.

- She refused to testify, unless the murder charge against her was dropped.

- ...brutal murders.

N-VAR

2. murder murders murdering murdered
To murder someone means to commit the crime of killing them deliberately.

- ...a thriller about two men who murder a third to see if they can get away with it.

- ...the body of a murdered religious and political leader.

VB

3. murder
If you say that someone gets away with murder , you are complaining that they can do whatever they like without anyone trying to control them or punish them. (INFORMAL)

- His charm and the fact that he is so likeable often allows him to get away with murder.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

4. murder
If you say that someone screams blue murder or screams bloody murder , you are emphasizing that they are making a lot of noise or fuss about something that they do not like. (INFORMAL)

- People are screaming blue murder about the amount of traffic going through their town.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

murder

noun

1.

killing

assassination

bloodshed

butchery

carnage

homicide

manslaughter

massacre

slaying

verb

2.

kill

assassinate

bump off slang

butcher

eliminate slang

massacre

slaughter

slay

murderer

[D.J.:ˈmɜ:dəə]

[K.K.:ˈmə..rdərɚ]

n.

谋杀犯,凶手

murderer **

murderer murderers
A murderer is a person who has murdered someone.

- One of these men may have been the murderer.

- ...a notorious mass murderer.

N-COUNT

murderer

noun

killer

assassin

butcher

cut-throat

hit man slang

homicide

slaughterer

slayer

murderess

[D.J.:ˈmɜ:dərɪs]

[K.K.:ˈmə..rdərɪs]

n.

女凶手

murderess

murderess murderesses
A murderess is a woman who has murdered someone.
N-COUNT
= murderer

murderous

[D.J.:ˈmɜ:dərəs]

[K.K.:ˈmə..dərəs]

adj.

蓄意谋杀的;杀人的;凶残的

<口>极厉害的;要命的

murderously

adv.

蓄意谋杀地;杀人地;凶残地

murderousness

n.

蓄意谋杀;杀人;凶残

murderous *

1. murderous
Someone who is murderous is likely to murder someone and may already have murdered someone.

- This murderous lunatic could kill them both without a second thought.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. murderous
A murderous attack or other action is very violent and intended to result in someone's death.

- He made a murderous attack on his wife that evening.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

murderous

adjective

deadly

bloodthirsty

brutal

cruel

cut-throat

ferocious

lethal

savage

murderously

murderously
You use murderously to indicate that something is extremely unpleasant or threatening.

- Beauchamp glared at her murderously, then held out the letter and dropped it.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v

murk

[D.J.:mə:k]

[K.K.:mɚk]

n.

黑暗

murk

murk
The murk is darkness, dark water, or thick mist that is very difficult to see through.

- All of a sudden a tall old man in a black cloak loomed out of the murk.

N-SING: usu the N

murkily

adv.

黝暗地,阴沉地

murkiness

n.

黝暗,阴沉

murky

[D.J.:ˈmɜ:ki:]

[K.K.:ˈmə..ki]

adj.

阴暗的;昏暗的

(指水)脏的;混浊的

可疑的,不可告人的

(be in/get into) murky waters

( 陷入) 心中无数的困境( 或险境)

murkily

adv.

阴暗地;混浊地;可疑地

murkiness

n.

阴暗,昏暗;混浊;可疑

murky *

1. murky murkier murkiest
A murky place or time of day is dark and rather unpleasant because there is not enough light.

- The large lamplit room was murky with woodsmoke.

- It happened at Stamford Bridge one murky November afternoon.

ADJ-GRADED

2. murky murkier murkiest
Murky water or fog is so dark and dirty that you cannot see through it.

- ...the deep, murky waters of Loch Ness.

ADJ-GRADED

3. murky murkier murkiest
If you describe an activity or situation as murky , you suspect that it is dishonest or morally wrong. (BRIT)

- There has been a murky conspiracy to keep them out of power.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= shady

4. murky murkier murkiest
If you describe something as murky , you mean that the details of it are not clear or that it is difficult to understand.

- The law here is a little bit murky.

- The origins of bull-riding, which serves no practical purpose, are murkier.

ADJ-GRADED
= obscure

murky

adjective

dark

cloudy

dim

dull

gloomy

grey

misty

overcast

murmur

[D.J.:ˈmə:mə]

[K.K.:ˈmɚmɚ]

n.

低沉、连续而不清的声音

低语声

怨言, 嘀咕

vt. & vi.

小声说

vi.

发出连续而低沉的声音

私下低声抱怨

murmuring

抱怨(的);喃喃声音(的)

murmur **

1. murmur murmurs murmuring murmured
If you murmur something, you say it very quietly, so that not many people can hear what you are saying.

- He turned and murmured something to the professor.

- She murmured a few words of support.

- `How lovely,' she murmured.

- Murmuring softly that they must go somewhere to talk, he led her from the garden.

VB

2. murmur murmurs
A murmur is something that is said which can hardly be heard.

- They spoke in low murmurs.

- She gave a little murmur.

N-COUNT: usu adj N

3. murmur
A murmur is a continuous low sound, like the noise of a river or of voices far away.

- The piano music mixes with the murmur of conversation.

- I could hear the murmur of the sea.

- The clamor of traffic has receded to a distant murmur.

N-SING: with supp
= hum

4. murmur murmurs
A murmur of a particular emotion is a quiet expression of it.

- The promise of some basic working rights draws murmurs of approval.

- Already there are murmurs of discontent.

N-COUNT: with supp

5. murmur murmurs
A murmur is an abnormal sound which is made by the heart and which shows that there is probably something wrong with it.

- The doctor said James had now developed a heart murmur.

N-COUNT: usu sing

6. murmur
If someone does something without a murmur , they do it without complaining.
PHR: PHR after v

murmur

verb

1.

mumble

mutter

whisper

2.

grumble

complain

moan informal

noun

3.

drone

buzzing

humming

purr

rumble

whisper

murmurings

murmurings
If there are murmurings of, for example, approval or disapproval, people are expressing their approval or disapproval of something in a quiet way.

- For some time there have been murmurings of discontent over the government policy on inflation.

- At this point there were murmurings of approval from the experts.

N-PLURAL: usu N of n

Murphy's Law

Murphy's Law
Murphy's Law is the idea that whatever can go wrong in a situation will go wrong.
N-PROPER
= Sod's Law

muscle

[D.J.:ˈmʌsl]

[K.K.:ˈmʌsəl]

n.

肌肉

肌肉组织

肌肉的力量

(操纵他人的)力量

muscles

筋肉

muscle ***

1. muscle muscles
A muscle is a piece of tissue inside your body which connects two bones and which you use when you make a movement.

- Keeping your muscles strong and in tone helps you to avoid back problems.

- He is likely to be out for the rest of the season because of a strained thigh muscle.

- There are three types of muscle in the body.

N-VAR

2. muscle
If you say that someone has muscle , you mean that they have power and influence, which enables them to do difficult things.

- Eisenhower used his muscle to persuade Congress to change the law.

- In one town, all the women were urged to remove their money from the banks on an allotted day, to demonstrate women's financial muscle.

N-UNCOUNT
= clout

3. muscle
If a group, organization, or country flexes its muscles , it does something to impress or frighten people, in order to show them that it has power and is considering using it.

- The Fair Trade Commission has of late been flexing its muscles, cracking down on cases of corruption.

PHR: V inflects

4. muscle
If you say that someone did not move a muscle , you mean that they stayed absolutely still.

- He stood without moving a muscle, unable to believe what his eyes saw so plainly.

PHR: V inflects, with brd-neg

muscle

noun

1.

tendon

sinew

2.

strength

brawn

clout informal

forcefulness

might

power

stamina

weight

verb

muscle in

3.

impose oneself

butt in

force one's way in

muscle in ***

muscle in muscles in; muscling in; muscled in
If someone muscles in on something, they force their way into a situation where they have no right to be and where they are not welcome, in order to gain some advantage for themselves.

- Cohen complained that Kravis was muscling in on his deal.

- It would be surprising were the Mafia not to have muscled in.

PHR-V disapproval

muscle-bound

[D.J.:ˈmʌsəlˌbaʊnd]

[K.K.:ˈmʌsəlˌbaʊnd]

adj.

(由于运动或劳累过度造成的)肌肉僵硬的,失去弹性的

muscle-bound

muscle-bound
If you describe someone as muscle-bound , you mean that their muscles are well developed, usually in an unattractive way.

- ...a cartoon of a muscle-bound woman standing victorious astride a prone male.

ADJ-GRADED

muscular

[D.J.:ˈmʌskjulə]

[K.K.:ˈmʌskjəlɚ]

adj.

(有关)肌(肉)的

肌肉发达的, 强壮的

muscular **

1. muscular
Muscular means involving or affecting your muscles.

- As a general rule, all muscular effort is enhanced by breathing in as the effort is made.

- Early symptoms include anorexia, muscular weakness and fatigue.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. muscular
If a person or their body is muscular , they are very fit and strong, and have firm muscles which are not covered with a lot of fat.

- Like most female athletes, she was lean and muscular.

- ...his tanned muscular legs.

ADJ-GRADED

muscular

adjective Informal

strong

athletic

powerful

robust

sinewy

strapping

sturdy

vigorous

muscular dystrophy

muscular dystrophy
Muscular dystrophy is a serious disease in which your muscles gradually weaken.
N-UNCOUNT

musculature

[D.J.:ˈmʌskjulətʃə]

[K.K.:ˈmʌskjələˌtʃʊr]

n.

肌肉组织

musculature

musculature
Musculature is used to refer to all the muscles in your body, or to a system of muscles that you use to perform a particular type of action. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

muse

[D.J.:mju:z]

[K.K.:mjuz]

n.

缪斯

艺术家的创作灵感

vi.

沉思;冥想

vt.

沉思自语说(某事)

musing

[D.J.:ˈmju:ziŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmjuzɪŋ]

adj.

沉思的,冥想的

muse **

1. muse muses musing mused
If you muse on something, you think about it, usually saying or writing what you are thinking at the same time. (WRITTEN)

- Many of the papers muse on the fate of the President.

- `As a whole,' she muses, `the `organized church' turns me off'.

- He once mused that he would have voted Labour in 1964 had he been old enough.

VB
= ponder

2. musing musings

- His musings were interrupted by Montagu who came and sat down next to him.

N-COUNT

3. muse muses
A muse is a person, usually a woman, who gives someone, usually a man, a desire to create art, poetry, or music, and gives them ideas for it.

- Once she was a nude model and muse to French artist Henri Matisse.

- ...the muses who fuel his inspiration.

N-COUNT

muse

verb

ponder

brood

cogitate

consider

contemplate

deliberate

meditate

mull over

reflect

ruminate

museum

[D.J.:mju:ˈziəm]

[K.K.:mjuˈziəm]

n.

博物馆

museum ****

museum museums
A museum is a building where a large number of interesting and valuable objects, such as works of art or historical items, are kept, studied, and displayed to the public.

- For months Malcolm had wanted to visit the Parisian art museums.

- ...the American Museum of Natural History.

N-COUNT

museum piece

museum piece museum pieces
If you describe an object or building as a museum piece , you mean that it is old and unusual.

- It is virtually a flying museum piece, a descendant of the World War Two Lancaster bomber.

N-COUNT

mush

[D.J.:mʌʃ]

[K.K.:mʌʃ]

n.

软而稠的混合物或块;糊状物

玉米粥

脆弱的感情;感伤;伤感的言语或文字

mush

mush
Mush is a thick, soft paste.

- Over-ripe bananas will collapse into a mush in the following recipe, so use only firm fruit.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

mushroom

[D.J.:ˈmʌʃrum]

[K.K.:ˈmʌʃˌrum, -ˌrʊm]

n.

蘑菇

如蘑菇般生长迅速的事物

vi.

迅速成长[发展]

成蘑菇状扩散

mushrooming

[ˈmʌʃrumiŋ]

n.

迅速增长,激烈增殖

mushrooms

蘑菇

mushroom **

1. mushroom mushrooms
Mushrooms are fungi that you can eat. They have short stems and round tops.

- There are many types of wild mushrooms.

- ...eggs, bacon, sausage, and mushrooms.

- ...mushroom omelette.

N-VAR
See also button mushroom .

2. mushroom mushrooms mushrooming mushroomed
If something such as an industry or a place mushrooms , it grows or comes into existence very quickly.

- The media training industry has mushroomed over the past decade.

- A sleepy capital of a few hundred thousand people has mushroomed to a crowded city of 2 million.

VB

3. mushrooming

- ...the mushrooming of commercial art galleries in Barcelona and Madrid.

N-UNCOUNT

mushroom cloud

mushroom cloud mushroom clouds
A mushroom cloud is an extremely large cloud caused by a nuclear explosion.

- The blast sent a huge mushroom cloud of toxic gas into the air.

N-COUNT

mushily

adv.

糊状地,玉米粥状地

mushy

[D.J.:ˈmʌʃi:, ˈmʊʃi:]

[K.K.:ˈmʌʃi, ˈmʊʃi]

adj.

糊状的

感情脆弱的;感伤的

mushily

adv.

感伤地

mushiness

n.

糊状物

脆弱的感情;感伤

mushy

1. mushy
Vegetables and fruit that are mushy are soft and have lost most of their shape.

- When the fruit is mushy and cooked, remove from the heat.

ADJ-GRADED

2. mushy
If you describe someone or something as mushy , you mean that they are very sentimental.

- Don't go getting all mushy and sentimental.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

mushy

adjective

1.

soft

pulpy

semi-solid

slushy

squashy

squelchy

squidgy informal

2.

sentimental

maudlin

mawkish

saccharine

schmaltzy slang

sloppy informal

slushy informal

music

[D.J.:ˈmju:zik]

[K.K.:ˈmjuzɪk]

n.

音乐

音乐作品, 乐曲

乐谱

music *****

1. music
Music is the pattern of sounds produced by people singing or playing instruments.

- ...classical music.

- ...the music of George Gershwin.

- ...a mixture of music, dance, cabaret and children's theatre.

- ...a music critic for the New York Times.

N-UNCOUNT

2. music
Music is the art of creating or performing music.

- He went on to study music, specialising in the clarinet.

- ...a music lesson.

N-UNCOUNT

3. music
Music is the symbols written on paper which represent musical sounds.

- He's never been able to read music.

N-UNCOUNT
See also sheet music .

4. music
If something that you hear is music to your ears , it makes you feel very happy.

- Popular support -- it's music to the ears of any politician.

PHR: v-link PHR feelings

5. music
If you face the music , you put yourself in a position where you will be criticized or punished for something you have done.

- Sooner or later, I'm going to have to face the music.

PHR: V inflects

musical

[D.J.:ˈmju:zikəl]

[K.K.:ˈmjuzɪkəl]

adj.

音乐的, 用于音乐的

喜爱[精通]音乐的

音调优美的; 悦耳的

musicality

[D.J.:ˌmju:ziˈkæliti]

[K.K.:ˌmjuzɪˈkælɪti]

n.

音感,音乐性

musically

[ˈmju:zikəli]

adv.

音乐上

musical ***

1. musical
You use musical to indicate that something is connected with playing or studying music.

- We have a wealth of musical talent in this region.

- Stan Getz's musical career spanned five decades.

- London's musical life might become as exciting as Berlin's.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. musically

- Musically there is a lot to enjoy.

- ...trying to communicate verbally what he can only communicate musically.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV after v

3. musical musicals
A musical is a play or film that uses singing and dancing in the story.

- ...London's smash hit musical Miss Saigon.

N-COUNT

4. musical
Someone who is musical has a natural ability and interest in music.

- I came from a musical family.

ADJ-GRADED

5. musicality

- ...a people of extraordinary musicality.

N-UNCOUNT

6. musical
Sounds that are musical are light and pleasant to hear.

- He had a soft, almost musical voice.

ADJ-GRADED

7. musically

- The voice was as musically soft as ever.

ADV-GRADED

musical

adjective Informal

melodious

dulcet

euphonious

harmonious

lyrical

melodic

sweet-sounding

tuneful

musical box

musical box musical boxes
A musical box is the same as a music box . (BRIT)
N-COUNT

musical chairs

1. musical chairs
Musical chairs is a game that children play at parties. They run round a row of chairs while music plays and try to sit down on one when the music stops.
N-UNCOUNT

2. musical chairs
If you describe the situation within a particular organization or area of activity as musical chairs , you are critical of the fact that people in that organization or area exchange jobs or positions very often.

- It was musical chairs. Creative people would switch jobs just to get more money.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

musical comedy

musical comedy musical comedies
Musical comedy is a type of play or film that has singing and dancing as part of the story and that is humorous and entertaining, especially one written before the middle of the twentieth century.

- After failing a singing audition at the Metropolitan Opera, she turned to musical comedy.

N-VAR

musical director

musical director musical directors
A musical director is the same as a music director .
N-COUNT

musical instrument *

musical instrument musical instruments
A musical instrument is an object such as a piano, guitar, or violin which you play in order to produce music.

- The drum is one of the oldest musical instruments.

N-COUNT
= instrument

music box

music box music boxes
A music box is a box that plays a tune when you open the lid.
N-COUNT
= musical box

music director

music director music directors
The music director of an orchestra or other group of musicians is the person who decides what they will play and where, and usually conducts them as well.
N-COUNT
= musical director

music hall *

1. music hall
Music hall was a popular form of entertainment in the theatre in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. It consisted of a series of performances by comedians, singers, and dancers. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use vaudeville )

- ...an old music hall song.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also music-hall .
= vaudeville

2. music hall music halls
A music hall was a theatre that presented popular entertainment. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use vaudeville theater )
N-COUNT also music-hall .

musician

[D.J.:mju:ˈziʃən]

[K.K.:mjuˈzɪʃən]

n.

音乐家

musician ***

musician musicians
A musician is a person who plays a musical instrument as their job or hobby.

- He was a brilliant musician.

- ...one of Britain's best known rock musicians.

N-COUNT

musicianship

[mju:ˈziʃənʃip]

n.

音乐技巧,音乐感,音乐才能,音乐修养,音乐鉴赏力

musicianship

musicianship
Musicianship is the skill involved in performing music.

- Her musicianship is excellent.

N-UNCOUNT

music stand

music stand music stands
A music stand is a device that holds pages of music in position while you play a musical instrument.
N-COUNT

musk

[D.J.:mʌsk]

[K.K.:mʌsk]

n.

麝香

musk cat

香猫

musk

musk
Musk is a substance with a strong smell which is used in making perfume.
N-UNCOUNT

musket

[D.J.:ˈmʌskɪt]

[K.K.:ˈmʌskɪt]

n.

<史>火枪,(尤指)滑膛枪

musket *

musket muskets
A musket was an early type of gun with a long barrel, which was used before rifles were invented.
N-COUNT

musky

[D.J.:ˈmʌski]

[K.K.:ˈmʌski]

adj.

麝香的,有麝香味的,麝香似的

musky

musky
A musky smell is strong, warm, and sweet.

- She dabbed a drop of the musky perfume behind each ear.

ADJ-GRADED

Muslim

[D.J.:ˈmuslim]

[K.K.:ˈmʌzləm, ˈmʊz-, ˈmʌs-, ˈmʊs-]

n.

穆斯林; 伊斯兰教信徒

adj.

穆斯林的, 伊斯兰教信徒的

Muslim ****

1. Muslim Muslims
A Muslim is someone who believes in Islam and lives according to its rules.
N-COUNT

2. Muslim
Muslim means relating to Islam or Muslims.

- ...Iran and other Muslim countries.

ADJ

muslin

[D.J.:ˈmʌzlin]

[K.K.:ˈmʌzlɪn]

n.

平纹细布(一种薄细的棉布),(总称)女性

muslin

muslin muslins
Muslin is very thin cotton cloth.

- ...white muslin curtains.

N-MASS

muss

[mʌs]

n.

混乱

vt.

使混乱

muss

muss musses mussing mussed
To muss something, especially someone's hair, or to muss it up , means to make it untidy. (mainly AM)

- He reached out and mussed my hair.

- His clothes were all mussed up.

VB

mussel

[D.J.:ˈmʌsl]

[K.K.:ˈmʌsəl]

n.

贻贝,蚌类

mussel *

mussel mussels
Mussels are a kind of shellfish that you can eat from their shells.
N-COUNT

must

[D.J.:mʌst, məst]

[K.K.:mʌst]

aux.v.

必须

必然要, 必定会

(做出逻辑推断)

(表示坚持)

n.

必须做的事, 必不可少的事物

must *****

( Must is a modal verb. It is followed by the base form of a verb.)

1. must
You use must to indicate that you think it is very important or necessary for something to happen. You use must not or mustn't to indicate that you think it is very important or necessary for something not to happen.

- What you wear should be stylish and clean, and must definitely fit well.

- You are going to have to take a certain amount of criticism, but you must cope with it.

- The doctor must not allow the patient to be put at risk.

- The soil must not be overwatered, especially during the first few weeks.

- We must not forget your birthday.

MODAL

2. must
You use must to indicate that it is necessary for something to happen, usually because of a rule or law.

- Candidates must satisfy the general conditions for admission.

- Mr Allen must pay Mr Farnham's legal costs.

- Equipment must be supervised if children are in the house.

MODAL

3. must
You use must to indicate that you are fairly sure that something is the case.

- At 29 Russell must be one of the youngest ever Wembley referees.

- Reggae must be the only music that's got its own country - Jamaica.

- I'm sure he must feel he has lost a close family friend, because I know I do.

- I must have been a bore.

MODAL

4. must
You use must , or must have with a past participle, to indicate that you believe that something is the case, because of the available evidence.

- `You must be Emma,' said the visitor.

- Miss Holloway had a weak heart. She must have had a heart attack.

- His only explanation was that he must have brought them home in order to continue his work.

- The medical reports really must have suggested that he was really seriously hurt.

MODAL

5. must
If you say that one thing must have happened in order for something else to happen, you mean that it is necessary for the first thing to have happened before the second thing can happen.

- In order to take that job, you must have left another job.

- In order to start reading this book you must have had some idea that the physical symptoms you were experiencing were due to anxiety.

MODAL

6. must
You use must to express your intention to do something.

- I must be getting back.

- I must have a whiskey.

- I must telephone my parents.

- I must speak to Tania at once.

- He told the Prime Minister that he felt he must now leave.

MODAL

7. must
You use must to make suggestions or invitations very forcefully.

- You must see a doctor, Frederick.

- You must see the painting Paul has given me as a wedding present.

- You must come to lunch with us.

- You must visit me. Come to dinner.

MODAL

8. must
You use must in remarks and comments where you are expressing sympathy.

- This must be a very difficult job for you.

- You must be very worried by now.

- Now sit down and make yourself comfortable. You must be very tired.

MODAL

9. must
You use must in conversation in expressions such as ` I must say ' and ` I must admit ' in order to emphasize a point that you are making.

- This came as a surprise, I must say.

- I must admit I like looking feminine.

- They were very polite, I must confess.

MODAL emphasis

10. must
You use must in expressions such as ` it must be noted ' and ` it must be remembered ' in order to draw the reader's or listener's attention to what you are about to say.

- It must be noted, however, that not all British and American officers carried out orders.

- It must be stated that this illness is one of the most complex conditions known to man.

MODAL

11. must
You use must in questions to express your anger or irritation about something that someone has done, usually because you do not understand their behaviour.

- Why must you do everything as if you have to win?.

- Why must she interrupt?.

- Must you always run when the pressure gets too much?

MODAL feelings

12. must
You use must in exclamations to express surprise or shock.

- `Go! Please go.' --- `You must be joking!'.

- I really must be quite mad!.

- You must have gone out of your mind!

MODAL emphasis

13. must
If you refer to something as a must , you mean that it is absolutely necessary. (INFORMAL)

- The new 37th issue of National Savings Certificates is a must for any taxpayer.

- A must is a visit to the fascinating and world-renowned Motor Museum.

N-COUNT: usu a N in sing

14. must
You say ` if you must ' when you know that you cannot stop someone doing something that you think is wrong or stupid.

- If you must be in the sunlight, use the strongest filter cream you can get.

- `Could I have a word?' --- `Oh dear, if you must.'.

- If you must have a cigarette, choose a seat in the first row of the smoking section.

PHR: usu PHR inf

15. must
You say ` if you must know ' when you tell someone something that you did not want them to know and you want to suggest that you think they were wrong to ask you about it.

- `Why don't you wear your jogging shorts Mum?' --- `Well, my legs are too skinny, if you must know.'.

- `You told him you'd been there that night.' --- `If you must know, yes.'

PHR: PHR with cl

must

noun

necessity

essential

fundamental

imperative

prerequisite

requirement

requisite

sine qua non

must-

must-
Must- is added to verbs such as `see', `have', or `read' to form adjectives and nouns which describe things that you think people should see, have, or read. For example, a must-have is something which you think people should get, and a must-win game is one which a team needs to win. (INFORMAL or JOURNALISM)

- Leather jeans are the must-have fashion item of the season.

- ...a list of must-see movies...

- The Tugboat Saloon and Eatery is a must-visit.

COMB in ADJ and N-COUNT

mustang

[D.J.:ˈmʌstæŋ]

[K.K.:ˈmʌsˌtæŋ]

n.

(墨西哥和北美平原的)野马,〈美俚〉海军行伍出身的军官

mustang

mustang mustangs
A mustang is a wild horse which lives on the plains of North America.
N-COUNT

mustard

[D.J.:ˈmʌstəd]

[K.K.:ˈmʌstəd]

n.

芥; 芥末; 芥菜酱

mustard *

1. mustard mustards
Mustard is a yellow or brown paste usually eaten with meat. It tastes hot and spicy.

- ...a pot of mustard...

- Thinly paint the lamb with Dijon mustard.

N-MASS

2. mustard
Mustard is a small plant with yellow flowers. The seeds can be used to make mustard.
N-UNCOUNT

3. mustard mustards
Mustard is used to describe things that are brownish yellow in colour.

- ...a mustard coloured jumper.

COLOUR

4. mustard
If someone does not cut the mustard , their work or their performance is not as good as it should be or as good as it is expected to be. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects, usu with neg

5. mustard
If you are as keen as mustard or mustard keen , you are very eager or enthusiastic. (mainly BRIT)

- I have a pupil who scored very low in assessments but is keen as mustard.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

mustard and cress

mustard and cress
Mustard and cress is very young mustard plants and cress plants grown together and eaten in salad.
N-UNCOUNT

mustard gas

mustard gas
Mustard gas is a gas which burns the skin and was used in war as a weapon.
N-UNCOUNT

mustard powder

mustard powder
Mustard powder is a yellow powder. You add hot water to it in order to make mustard.
N-UNCOUNT

muster

[D.J.:ˈmʌstə]

[K.K.:ˈmʌstɚ]

n.

集中;集合, 集合的人群

pass muster

能通过检阅；可以接受； 还不错

vt. & vi.

集合, 召集

vt.

(自他人处)搜集某事物, 激发, 激起

muster *

1. muster musters mustering mustered
If you muster something such as support, strength, or energy, you gather as much of it as you can in order to do something.

- He travelled around West Africa trying to muster support for his movement.

- Mustering all her strength, Nancy pulled hard on both oars.

VB
= summon

2. muster musters mustering mustered
When soldiers muster or are mustered , they gather together in one place in order to take part in a military action.

- The men mustered before their clan chiefs.

- The general had mustered his troops north of the Hindu Kush.

V-ERG
= gather

3. muster
If someone or something passes muster , they are good enough for the thing they are needed for.

- I could not pass muster in his language.

- If it doesn't pass muster, a radio station could have its license challenged.

PHR: V inflects

muster

verb

1.

assemble

call together

convene

gather

marshal

mobilize

rally

summon

noun

2.

assembly

collection

congregation

convention

gathering

meeting

rally

roundup

mustn't

[D.J.:ˈmʌsnt]

[K.K.:ˈmʌsənt]

n.

must not的缩写

mustn't

mustn't
Mustn't is the usual spoken form of must not .

must've

must've
Must've is the usual spoken form of must have , especially when `have' is an auxiliary verb.

mustiness

n.

发霉,陈腐,冷淡

musty

[D.J.:ˈmʌsti:]

[K.K.:ˈmʌsti]

adj.

发霉的,陈腐的

乏味的,陈旧的

mustiness

n.

musty

musty
Something that is musty smells old and damp.

- There are racks of musty clothing and piles of junk.

- ...that terrible musty smell.

ADJ-GRADED
= fusty

musty

adjective

stale

airless

dank

fusty

mildewed

mouldy

old

smelly

stuffy

mutant

[D.J.:ˈmju:tnt]

[K.K.:ˈmjutn..t]

n.

<生>突变体(因遗传基因结构改变以致与同类生物有异的生物)

mutant *

mutant mutants
A mutant is an animal or plant that is physically different from others of the same species because of a change in its genes.
N-COUNT
= mutation

mutate

[D.J.:mju:ˈteit]

[K.K.:ˈmjutet, mjuˈtet]

vt. & vi.

(使某物)变化, 转变, 突变, 变异

mutation

[D.J.:mju:ˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:mjuˈteʃən]

n.

变化;转变;突变;变异;变种;突变体

mutate *

1. mutate mutates mutating mutated
If an animal or plant mutates , or something mutates it, it develops different characteristics as the result of a change in its genes.

- The virus mutates in the carrier's body.

- A newer anti-HIV drug called pyridinone caused HIV to mutate into a form which could not reproduce or infect new cells.

- The technique has been to mutate the genes by irradiation or chemicals.

- He found evidence of mutated forms of the gene.

V-ERG

2. mutation mutations

- Scientists have found a genetic mutation that appears to be the cause of Huntington's disease.

N-VAR

3. mutate mutates mutating mutated
If something mutates into something different, it changes into that thing.

- Overnight, the gossip begins to mutate into headlines.

VB

mutation

noun

change

alteration

evolution

metamorphosis

modification

transfiguration

transformation

variation

mute

[D.J.:mju:t]

[K.K.:mjut]

adj.

缄默的; 无声的

哑的, 不会说话的

(字母)不发音的

n.

哑巴

(乐器上的)弱音器

vt.

消除(声音), 减轻(声音)

muted

[D.J.:ˈmju:tid]

[K.K.:ˈmjutɪd]

adj.

①(声音)减弱的，变得轻柔的②(尤指感情的表达)缓和的；温和的

mutely

[D.J.:mju:tlɪ]

[K.K.:mjutlɪ]

adv.

无言地;不发音地

muting

[ˈmju:tiŋ]

n.

噪音抑制

mute **

1. mute
Someone who is mute is silent for a particular reason and does not speak.

- He was mute, distant, and indifferent.

- I threw a mute look of appeal at Paula.

ADJ

2. mute
Also an adverb.

- He could watch her standing mute by the phone.

- He sat mute, speechless with ecstasy, gazing into the sky.

ADV: ADV after v

3. mutely

- I crouched by him and grasped his hand, mutely offering what comfort I could.

ADV: ADV with v

4. mute
Someone who is mute is unable to speak. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Marianna, the duke's daughter, became mute after a shock.

ADJ

5. mute mutes muting muted
If someone mutes something such as their feelings or their activities, they reduce the strength or intensity of them.

- The corruption does not seem to have muted the country's prolonged economic boom.

VB

6. muted

- The threat contrasted starkly with his administration's previous muted criticism.

- The financial markets gave a muted response to the Democrats' triumph.

ADJ-GRADED
= subdued

7. mute mutes muting muted
If you mute a noise or sound, you lower its volume or make it less distinct.

- They begin to mute their voices, not be as assertive.

- At first the wooded hillsides muted the sounds.

VB

8. muted

- `Yes,' he muttered, his voice so muted I hardly heard his reply.

- There were muted cheers from the public gallery.

ADJ-GRADED

9. mute mutes
A mute is a device which can be used to make a musical instrument produce a quieter, softer sound.
N-COUNT

muted

muted
Muted colours are soft and gentle, not bright and strong.

- He likes sombre, muted colours -- she likes bright colours.

- The muted greens of the far pasture.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

mute

adjective

silent

dumb

mum

speechless

unspoken

voiceless

wordless

mutilate

[D.J.:ˈmju:tlˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈmjutl..ˌet]

vt.

严重残害…的身体;使残缺不全;肢解

mutilation

n.

切断,毁损

mutilate *

1. mutilate mutilates mutilating mutilated
If a person or animal is mutilated , their body is severely damaged, usually by someone who physically attacks them.

- More than 30 horses have been mutilated in the last nine months.

- He tortured and mutilated six young men.

- The mutilated bodies of seven men have been found beside a railway line.

VB
= maim

2. mutilation mutilations

- Amnesty International chronicles cases of torture and mutilation.

- She had suffered severe facial mutilations after an accident.

N-VAR

3. mutilate mutilates mutilating mutilated
If something is mutilated , it is deliberately damaged or spoiled.

- Brecht's verdict was that his screenplay had been mutilated.

- I discovered a mutilated cassette stuffed in a wastebasket.

VB

mutilate

verb

1.

maim

amputate

cut up

damage

disfigure

dismember

injure

lacerate

mangle

2.

distort

adulterate

bowdlerize

censor

cut

damage

expurgate

mutineer

[D.J.:ˌmju:tnˈɪə]

[K.K.:ˌmjutn..ˈɪr]

n.

反叛者,哗变者

mutineer

mutineer mutineers
A mutineer is a person who takes part in a mutiny.
N-COUNT

mutinous

[D.J.:ˈmju:tnəs]

[K.K.:ˈmjutnəs]

adj.

反抗的;叛变的

mutinously

adv.

反抗地;叛变地

mutinousness

n.

反抗;叛变

mutinous

mutinous
If someone is mutinous , they are strongly dissatisfied with a person in authority and are likely to stop obeying them.

- His own army, stung by defeats, is mutinous.

ADJ-GRADED

mutinous

adjective

rebellious

disobedient

insubordinate

insurgent

refractory

riotous

subversive

unmanageable

unruly

mutiny

[D.J.:ˈmju:tni:]

[K.K.:ˈmjutni]

n.

叛乱;兵变;哗变

vi.

违抗上级命令;叛变;反叛

mutiny *

1. mutiny mutinies
A mutiny is a refusal by people, usually soldiers or sailors, to continue obeying a person in authority.

- A series of coup attempts and mutinies within the armed forces destabilized the regime.

- They were shot yesterday after being convicted of mutiny and high treason.

N-VAR

2. mutiny mutinies mutinying mutinied
If a group of people, usually soldiers or sailors, mutiny , they refuse to continue obeying a person in authority.

- Units stationed around the capital mutinied because they had received no pay for nine months.

- Radio stations said sailors at a naval base had mutinied against their officers.

VB

mutiny

noun

1.

rebellion

disobedience

insubordination

insurrection

revolt

revolution

riot

uprising

verb

2.

rebel

disobey

resist

revolt

rise up

mutt

[D.J.:mʌt]

[K.K.:mʌt]

n.

蠢人,笨蛋,杂种狗

mutt

mutt mutts
A mutt is the same as a mongrel . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

mutter

[D.J.:ˈmʌtə]

[K.K.:ˈmʌtɚ]

vt. & vi.

轻声低语; 咕哝地抱怨

n.

轻声低语, 小声抱怨

mutter **

1. mutter mutters muttering muttered
If you mutter , you speak very quietly so that you cannot easily be heard, often because you are complaining about something.

- `God knows,' she muttered, `what's happening in that madman's mind.'.

- She can hear the old woman muttering about consideration.

- He sat there shaking his head, muttering to himself.

- She was staring into the fire muttering.

VB
= mumble

2. mutter mutters
Also a noun.

- They make no more than a mutter of protest.

N-COUNT

3. muttering mutterings

- He heard muttering from the front of the crowd.

- He will lead the party into the election, in spite of the mutterings about his leadership.

N-VAR

mutter

verb

grumble

complain

grouse

mumble

murmur

rumble

mutton

[D.J.:ˈmʌtn]

[K.K.:ˈmʌtn]

n.

羊肉

mutton

1. mutton
Mutton is meat from an adult sheep that is eaten as food.

- ...a leg of mutton.

- ...mutton stew.

N-UNCOUNT

2. mutton
If you describe a woman as mutton dressed as lamb , you are criticizing her for trying to look younger than she really is, in a way that you consider unattractive. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
PHR: usu v-link PHR disapproval

mutual

[D.J.:ˈmju:tʃuəl]

[K.K.:ˈmjutʃuəl]

adj.

相互的, 彼此的

共同的, 共有的

mutually

[ˈmju:tʃuəli]

adv.

互相地,互助

mutual ***

1. mutual
You use mutual to describe a situation, feeling, or action that is experienced, felt, or done by both of two people mentioned.

- The East and the West can work together for their mutual benefit and progress.

- It's plain that he adores his daughter, and the feeling is mutual.

ADJ

2. mutually

- Attempts to reach a mutually agreed solution had been fruitless.

- A meeting would take place at a mutually convenient time.

ADV: ADV adj/adv, ADV before v
mutually exclusive : see exclusive .

3. mutual
You use mutual to describe something such as an interest which two or more people share.

- They do, however, share a mutual interest in design.

- We were introduced by a mutual friend who felt that we might like to go out together.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. mutual
If a building society or an insurance company has mutual status, it is not owned by shareholders but by its customers, who receive a share of the profits. (BRIT)

- Britain's third largest building society is set to abandon its mutual status and become a bank.

ADJ: ADJ n

mutual

adjective

shared

common

interchangeable

joint

reciprocal

requited

returned

mutual fund *

mutual fund mutual funds
A mutual fund is an organization which invests money in many different kinds of business and which offers units for sale to the public as an investment. (AM; in BRIT use unit trust )
N-COUNT

muzak

n.

(餐馆等处的)衬托音乐

muzak

1. muzak
Muzak is recorded music that is played as background music in shops or restaurants. (TRADEMARK)
N-UNCOUNT

2. muzak
If you describe music as muzak , you dislike it because you think it is dull or unnecessary.
N-UNCOUNT disapproval

muzzle

[D.J.:ˈmʌzl]

[K.K.:ˈmʌzəl]

n.

(四足动物的)鼻口部

(防止动物咬人的)口套

枪口, 炮口

vt.

给(狗等)戴口套

使缄默, 钳制…言论

muzzle *

1. muzzle muzzles
The muzzle of an animal such as a dog is its nose and mouth.

- The mongrel presented his muzzle for scratching.

N-COUNT

2. muzzle muzzles
A muzzle is an object that is put over a dog's nose and mouth so that it cannot bite people or make a noise.

- ...dogs like pit bulls which have to wear a muzzle.

N-COUNT

3. muzzle muzzles muzzling muzzled
If you muzzle a dog or other animal, you put a muzzle over its nose and mouth.

- He was convicted of failing to muzzle a pit bull.

VB

4. muzzle muzzles muzzling muzzled
If you say that someone is muzzled , you are complaining that they are prevented from expressing their views freely.

- He complained of being muzzled by the chairman.

- She was opposed to new laws to muzzle the press.

VB disapproval
≠ gag

5. muzzle muzzles
The muzzle of a gun is the end where the bullets come out when it is fired.
N-COUNT: usu N of n

muzzle

noun

1.

jaws

mouth

nose

snout

2.

gag

guard

verb

3.

suppress

censor

curb

gag

restrain

silence

stifle

muzzy

[D.J.:ˈmʌzi:]

[K.K.:ˈmʌzi]

adj.

模糊的;不清晰的

迷糊的, 昏头昏脑的

muzzy

1. muzzy
If someone feels muzzy , they are confused and unable to think clearly, usually because they are ill or have drunk too much alcohol. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED
= groggy

2. muzzy
If a photograph or television picture is muzzy , it is unclear. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED
= fuzzy

MVP

abbr.

most valuable player 最优秀选手

MVP

abbr.

most valuable player 最优秀选手

MVP

MVP MVPs
Journalists sometimes use MVP to talk about the player in a sports team who has performed best in a particular match or series of matches. MVP is an abbreviation for `most valuable player'. (AM)

- Brondello secured the MVP award by scoring 357 points.

N-COUNT: oft N n

MW

abbr.

megawatt 兆瓦，百万瓦特

MW

1. MW
MW is a written abbreviation for medium wave .

2. MW
MW is a written abbreviation for megawatt .

my

[D.J.:mai, mi]

[K.K.:maɪ]

pron.

我的, 属于我的

(用于名词或形容词前作为称呼某人的方式)

(用于感叹)

my *****

( My is the first person singular possessive determiner.)

1. my
A speaker or writer uses my to indicate that something belongs or relates to himself or herself.

- I invited him back to my flat for a coffee.

- John's my best friend.

- I received a bill for the car rental from my credit card company.

- My understanding was that we'd meet at her place.

DET-POSS

2. my
In conversations or in letters, my is used in front of a word like `dear' or `darling' to show affection.

- My sweet Freda.

- Yes, of course, my darling.

DET-POSS feelings

3. my
My is used in phrases such as ` My God ' and ` My goodness ' to express surprise or shock. (SPOKEN)

- My God, I've never seen you so nervous.

- My goodness, Tim, you have changed!

DET-POSS feelings

myopia

[D.J.:maɪˈəʊpi:ə]

[K.K.:maɪˈopiə]

n.

近视

缺乏深谋远虑

myopic

adj.

myopic

[D.J.:maɪˈɔpɪk]

[K.K.: maɪˈɑpɪk]

adj.

近视的

myopia

myopia
Myopia is the inability to see things properly when they are far away, because there is something wrong with your eyes. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= short-sightedness

myopic

1. myopic
If you describe someone as myopic , you are critical of them because they seem unable to realize that their actions might have negative consequences.

- The Government still has a myopic attitude to spending.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= short-sighted

2. myopic
If someone is myopic , they are unable to see things which are far away from them. (FORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED
= short-sighted

myopic

adjective

short-sighted

near-sighted

myriad

[D.J.:ˈmiriəd]

[K.K.:ˈmɪriəd]

adj.

无数的

n.

无数, 极大数量

myriad *

1. myriad
A myriad or myriads of people or things is a very large number or great variety of them.

- They face a myriad of problems bringing up children.

- These myriads of fish would be enough to keep any swimmer entranced for hours.

QUANT: QUANT of pl-n

2. myriad
Myriad means having a large number or great variety.

- The magazine has been celebrating British pop and culture in all its myriad forms.

- ...the myriad tiny animals and plants living in the ice.

ADJ: ADJ n
= many

myriad

adjective

1.

innumerable

countless

immeasurable

incalculable

multitudinous

untold

noun

2.

multitude

army

horde

host

swarm

myself

[D.J.:maiˈself]

[K.K.:maɪˈsɛlf]

pron.

(I的反身形式)我自己

myself ****

( Myself is the first person singular reflexive pronoun.)

1. myself
A speaker or writer uses myself to refer to himself or herself. Myself is used as the object of a verb or preposition when the subject refers to the same person.

- I asked myself what I would have done in such a situation.

- I looked at myself in the mirror.

- I felt ashamed of myself.

PRON-REFL: v PRON, prep PRON

2. myself
You use myself to emphasize a first person singular subject. In more formal English, myself is sometimes used instead of `me' as the object of a verb or preposition, for emphasis.

- I myself enjoy cinema, poetry, eating out and long walks.

- I'm fond of cake myself.

- He was roughly the same age as myself.

- ...a complete beginner like myself.

PRON-REFL-EMPH emphasis

3. myself
If you say something such as `I did it myself ', you are emphasizing that you did it, rather than anyone else.

- `Where did you get that embroidery?' --- `I made it myself.'

PRON-REFL-EMPH emphasis

mysterious

[D.J.:miˈstiəriəs]

[K.K.:mɪˈstɪriəs]

adj.

神秘的; 难以理解的

诡秘的

mysteriously

[D.J.:mɪsˈtɪrɪəslɪ]

[K.K.:mɪsˈtɪrɪəslɪ]

adv.

神秘地,不可思议地,难以理解地

诡秘地,故弄玄虚地

mysterious **

1. mysterious
Someone or something that is mysterious is strange and is not known about or understood.

- He died in mysterious circumstances.

- A mysterious illness confined him to bed for over a month.

- The whole thing seems very mysterious.

- He began to feel sympathy for this slightly mysterious man.

ADJ-GRADED

2. mysteriously

- A couple of messages had mysteriously disappeared.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. mysterious
If someone is mysterious about something, they deliberately do not talk much about it, sometimes because they want to make people more interested in it.

- As for his job -- well, he was very mysterious about it.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n
= enigmatic

4. mysteriously

- Asked what she meant, she said mysteriously: `Work it out for yourself'.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
= enigmatically

mysterious

adjective

strange

arcane

enigmatic

inexplicable

inscrutable

mystifying

perplexing

puzzling

secret

uncanny

unfathomable

weird

mystery

[D.J.:ˈmistəri]

[K.K.:ˈmɪstəri]

n.

神秘(性), 秘密(性)

神秘的事, 难以理解的事物

来历不明[难探究竟]的人

mystery ***

1. mystery mysteries
A mystery is something that is not understood or known about.

- The source of the gunshots still remains a mystery.

- ...the mysteries of mental breakdown.

N-COUNT

2. mystery
If you talk about the mystery of someone or something, you are talking about how difficult they are to understand or know about, especially when this gives them a rather strange or magical quality.

- She's a lady of mystery.

- It is an elaborate ceremony, shrouded in mystery.

N-UNCOUNT

3. mystery
A mystery person or thing is one whose identity or nature is not known.

- The mystery hero immediately alerted police after spotting a bomb.

- ...a mystery prize of up to £1,000.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. mystery mysteries
A mystery is a story in which strange things happen that are not explained until the end.

- His fourth novel is a murder mystery set in London.

N-COUNT

mystery

noun

puzzle

conundrum

enigma

problem

question

riddle

secret

teaser

mystic

[D.J.:ˈmistik]

[K.K.:ˈmɪstɪk]

n.

神秘主义者

adj.

神秘的, 玄妙的

神秘主义(者)的

mystic *

1. mystic mystics
A mystic is a person who practises or believes in religious mysticism.

- ...an Indian mystic known as Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh.

N-COUNT

2. mystic
Mystic means the same as mystical .

- ...mystic union with God.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

mystic mystical

adjective

supernatural

inscrutable

metaphysical

mysterious

occult

otherworldly

paranormal

preternatural

transcendental

mystical

[D.J.:ˈmistikəl]

[K.K.:ˈmɪstɪkəl]

adj.

神秘的,奥秘的

mystical *

mystical
Something that is mystical involves spiritual powers and influences that most people do not understand.

- That was clearly a deep mystical experience.

- ...ancient Egyptian magical and mystical beliefs.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= mystic

mysticism

[D.J.:ˈmɪstɪˌsɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈmɪstɪˌsɪzəm]

n.

神秘主义者的信仰和体验;神秘主义

mysticism *

mysticism
Mysticism is a religious practice in which people search for truth, knowledge, and closeness to God through meditation and prayer.
N-UNCOUNT

mystification

[D.J.:mistifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n]

[K.K.:ˌmɪstəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

神秘化,弄不清楚

mystify

[D.J.:ˈmɪstəˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈmɪstəˌfaɪ]

vt.

使(某人)困惑不解;使迷惑

mystify *

1. mystify mystifies mystifying mystified
If you are mystified by something, you find it impossible to explain or understand.

- The audience must have been totally mystified by the plot.

- There was something strange in her attitude which mystified me.

VB
= baffle

2. mystification

- Some minerals, Pough explained to my mystification, are not truly black but only look so.

N-UNCOUNT

3. mystifying

- I find your attitude a little mystifying, Moira.

ADJ-GRADED
= puzzling

mystify

verb

puzzle

baffle

bewilder

confound

confuse

flummox

nonplus

perplex

stump

mystique

[D.J.:misˈti:k]

[K.K.:mɪˈstik]

n.

神秘性

mystique *

mystique
If there is a mystique about someone or something, they are thought to be special and people do not know much about them.

- His book destroyed the mystique of monarchy.

- ...the mystique that surrounds fine art.

N-SING: also N-UNCOUNT

mystique

noun

fascination

awe

charisma

charm

glamour

magic

spell

myth

[D.J.:miθ]

[K.K.:mɪθ]

n.

神话

杜撰出来的人[事物]

myth ***

1. myth myths
A myth is a well-known story which was made up in the past to explain natural events or to justify religious beliefs or social customs.

- There is a famous Greek myth in which Icarus flew too near to the Sun.

- ...the world of magic and of myth.

N-VAR

2. myth myths
If you describe a belief or explanation as a myth , you mean that many people believe it but it is actually untrue.

- Contrary to the popular myth, women are not reckless spendthrifts.

N-VAR
= fallacy

myth

noun

1.

legend

allegory

fable

fairy story

fiction

folk tale

saga

story

2.

illusion

delusion

fancy

fantasy

figment

imagination

superstition

tall story

mythic

[ˈmiθik]

adj.

神话的,虚构的

mythic

1. mythic
Someone or something that is mythic exists only in myths and is therefore imaginary. (LITERARY)

- In the earlier Celtic texts, the mythic figure of King Arthur is more clearly defined.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= mythical ≠ real

2. mythic
If you describe someone or something as mythic , you mean that they have become very famous or important.

- ...a team whose reputation has achieved mythic proportions...

- His rapid rise to power has given him a near-mythic status in the industry.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

mythical

[D.J.:ˈmɪθɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈmɪθɪkəl]

adj.

(只)存在于神话中的

想像的;虚构的

mythically

adv.

想像地;虚构地

mythical *

1. mythical
Something or someone that is mythical exists only in myths and is therefore imaginary.

- ...the Hydra, the mythical beast that had seven or more heads.

- ...traditional stories woven around a pantheon of gods and mythical figures.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= mythic ≠ real

2. mythical
If you describe something as mythical , you mean that it is untrue or does not exist.

- ...the American West, not the mythical, romanticized West of cowboys and gunslingers, but the real West.

- ...trying to preserve a mythical sense of nationhood.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

mythical

adjective

1.

legendary

fabled

fabulous

fairy-tale

mythological

2.

imaginary

fictitious

invented

made-up

make-believe

nonexistent

pretended

unreal

untrue

N,N-dimethylformamide

二甲基甲酰胺

n

[en]

n.

字母n

N, n

1. N, n N's, n's
N is the fourteenth letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

2. N, n
N or n is used as an abbreviation for words beginning with N or n, such as `north', `northern', or `noun'.

'n'

'n'
The word `and' is sometimes written as 'n' between certain pairs of words, as in `rock 'n' roll'. (INFORMAL)

- ...a country 'n' western song.

- ...a fish 'n' chips restaurant.

CONJ-COORD
= and

N.A. *

N.A.
N.A. is a written abbreviation for not applicable or not available .
CONVENTION also n/a .

naan

[D.J.:nɑ:n]

[K.K.:nɑn, næn]

n.

奶奶(小孩儿语)

naan

naan naans
Naan or naan bread is a type of bread that comes in a large, round, flat piece and is usually eaten with Indian food.

- ...traditional dishes, such as rogan josh, served with rice or naan.

N-VAR also nan .

nab

[D.J.:næb]

[K.K.:næb]

vt.

逮住;捉住(某人)

nabs

[næbz]

n.

〈俚〉家伙,人,小伙子,哥们

nab *

nab nabs nabbing nabbed
If people in authority such as the police nab someone who they think has done something wrong, they catch them or arrest them. (INFORMAL)

- He killed 12 people before the authorities finally nabbed him.

- After a short spell in the masonry business he was back in the armed robbery business. Again, he got nabbed.

VB
= collar

nab

verb

catch

apprehend

arrest

capture

collar informal

grab

seize

snatch

nadir

[D.J.:ˈneɪdə, -ˌdɪə]

[K.K.:ˈnedɚ, -ˌdɪr]

n.

天底

最低点;最压抑、消沉等的时刻

nadir **

1. nadir
The nadir of something such as someone's career or the history of an organization is its worst time. (LITERARY)

- 1945 to 1946 was the nadir of Truman's presidency.

N-SING: usu with poss
≠ zenith

2. nadir
In astronomy, the nadir is the point at which the sun or moon is directly below you, on the other side of the earth. Compare zenith . (TECHNICAL)
N-SING: the N

nadir

noun

bottom

depths

lowest point

minimum

rock bottom

naff

[D.J.:næf]

[K.K.:næf]

adj.

不时髦的,不流行的;蹩脚的,毫无价值的

naff

1. naff naffer naffest
If you say that something is naff , you mean it is very unfashionable or unsophisticated. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The music's really naff.

- ...naff `his and hers' matching outfits.

ADJ-GRADED

2. naff
If someone tells you to naff off , they are rudely telling you to go away. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She didn't hesitate to tell intrusive photographers to `naff off'.

CONVENTION disapproval

naff

adjective

bad

duff Brit. informal

inferior

low-grade

poor

rubbishy

second-rate

shabby

shoddy

worthless

nag

[D.J.:næg]

[K.K.:næɡ]

vt. & vi.

不断地挑剔或批评(某人)

vt.

不断地烦扰或伤害(某人)

nag at

无休止地抱怨；不断指责；唠叨

不断烦扰；使困扰

nagged

[næɡd]

adj.

经常遭责怪的,被压制的,感到厌烦的,被激怒的

nagging

[D.J.:ˈnæ gɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈnæɡɪŋ]

adj.

唠叨的;挑剔的

使人不得安宁的

nag *

1. nag nags nagging nagged
If someone nags you, they keep asking you to do something you have not done yet or do not want to do.

- The more Sarah nagged her, the more stubborn Cissie became.

- My girlfriend nagged me to cut my hair.

- She had stopped nagging him about never being home.

- ...children nagging their parents into buying things.

VB disapproval

2. nag nags
A nag is someone who nags.

- Aunt Molly is a nag about regular meals.

N-COUNT

3. nagging

- Her endless nagging drove him away from home.

N-UNCOUNT
= moaning

4. nag nags nagging nagged
If something such as a doubt or worry nags at you, or nags you, it keeps worrying you.

- He could be wrong about her. The feeling nagged at him.

- ...the anxiety that had nagged Amy all through lunch...

- Something was nagging in the back of his mind.

VB
= niggle

5. nag nags
People sometimes refer to a horse as a nag . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

nagging

nagging
A nagging pain is not very severe but is difficult to cure.

- He complained of a nagging pain between his shoulder blades.

- ...nagging headaches.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also nag .

nag

verb

1.

scold

annoy

badger

harass

hassle informal

henpeck

irritate

pester

plague

upbraid

worry

noun

2.

scold

harpy

shrew

tartar

virago

nag

noun

horse

hack

nagging

adjective

irritating

persistent

scolding

shrewish

worrying

nail

[D.J.:neil]

[K.K.:nel]

n.

钉子, 钉状物

指甲, 趾甲

vt.

钉住, 钉牢

抓住, 逮住

nailing

[ˈneiliŋ]

adj.

敲钉用的,〈俚〉极好的,出色的

nails

小五金

nail **

1. nail nails
A nail is a thin piece of metal with one pointed end and one flat end. You hit the flat end with a hammer in order to push the nail into something such as a wall.

- A mirror hung on a nail above the washstand.

- He hammered the nail into the branch.

N-COUNT

2. nail nails nailing nailed
If you nail something somewhere, you fix it there using one or more nails.

- Frank put the first plank down and nailed it in place.

- They nail shut the front door.

- The windows were all nailed shut.

VB

3. nail nails
Your nails are the thin hard parts that grow at the ends of your fingers and toes.

- Keep your nails short and your hands clean.

N-COUNT: usu poss N in pl

4. nail nails nailing nailed
To nail someone means to catch them and prove that they have been breaking the law. (INFORMAL)

- The prosecution still managed to nail him for robberies at the homes of leading industrialists.

VB
= nab

5. nail
If you say that someone is as hard as nails or hard as nails , you mean that they are extremely tough and aggressive, either physically or in their attitude towards other people or other situations.

- He's a shrewd businessman and hard as nails.

- He simply looked mean and hard as nails.

PHR: v-link PHR

6. nail
If you say that someone has hit the nail on the head , you think they are exactly right about something.

- `I think it would civilize people a bit more if they had decent conditions.' --- `I think you've hit the nail on the head.'

PHR: V inflects

nail

verb

fasten

attach

fix

hammer

join

pin

secure

tack

nail down **

1. nail down nails down; nailing down; nailed down
If you nail down something unknown or uncertain, you find out exactly what it is.

- It would be useful if you could nail down the source of this tension.

PHR-V
= pin down

2. nail down nails down; nailing down; nailed down
If you nail down an agreement, you manage to reach a firm agreement with a definite result.

- The Secretary of State and his Russian counterpart met to try to nail down the elusive accord.

PHR-V

3. nail down nails down; nailing down; nailed down
If you nail something down , you fix it firmly onto something.

- Lay strips of 4mm ply over the mesh and nail these down with panel pins.

PHR-V

nail up **

1. nail up nails up; nailing up; nailed up
If you nail something up , you fix it to a wall, post, or tree using nails.

- He fished and nailed up his catch to dry on the wall of the byre.

PHR-V
= fix

2. nail up nails up; nailing up; nailed up
If you nail up a wooden container, you secure the lid with nails.

- He took a hammer from his boot and nailed up the lid.

PHR-V

nail-biting

[ˈneilˌbaitiŋ]

n.

咬指甲癖性,束手无策

nail-biting

1. nail-biting
If you describe something such as a story or a sports match as nail-biting , you mean that it makes you feel very excited or nervous because you do not know how it is going to end.

- ...England's magnificent nail-biting 75-71 win over Russia.

- ...the nail-biting legal thriller, `The Pelican Brief'.

ADJ-GRADED

2. nail-biting
Nail-biting is the activity of biting the ends of your fingernails, for example because you are anxious.

- ...negative behaviour patterns such as nail-biting or thumb-sucking.

N-UNCOUNT

nail bomb

nail bomb nail bombs
A nail bomb is a bomb which contains nails that are intended to cause a lot of damage and injury when the bomb goes off.
N-COUNT

nail brush

nail brush nail brushes
A nail brush is a small brush that you use to clean your nails when washing your hands.
N-COUNT also nailbrush .

nail file

nail file nail files
A nail file is a small strip of rough metal or card that you rub across the ends of your nails to shorten them or shape them.
N-COUNT also nailfile .

nail polish

nail polish
Nail polish is a thick liquid that women paint on their nails.
N-MASS
= nail varnish

nail scissors

nail scissors
Nail scissors are small scissors that you use for cutting your nails.

- Mishka got some nail scissors and started carefully trimming his fingernails.

- ...an old pair of nail scissors.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N also nail-scissors .

nail varnish

nail varnish nail varnishes
Nail varnish is the same as nail polish . (BRIT; in AM use nail polish )
N-MASS

naive

[D.J.:nɑ:ˈi:v]

[K.K.:nɑˈiv]

adj.

幼稚的; 无经验的; 单纯的

天真的; 轻信的

naively

[D.J.:n ɑˈi:vlɪ]

[K.K.:n ɑˈivlɪ]

adv.

天真烂漫地,无邪地

naivety

[D.J.:nɑ:ˈi:vti:, -ˈi:vɪti:]

[K.K.:nɑˈivti, -ˈivɪti]

n.

天真;幼稚

naive **

1. naive
If you describe someone as naive , you think they lack experience and so expect things to be easy or people to be honest or kind.

- It's naive to think that teachers are always tolerant.

- I must have been naive to think we would get my parents' blessing.

- ...naive idealists...

- Their view was that he had been politically naive.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf, ADJ to-inf also naïve .
= unrealistic

2. naively

- ...naively applying Western solutions to Eastern problems...

- I thought, naively, that this would be a nine-to five job.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. naivety

- I was alarmed by his naivety and ignorance of international affairs.

N-UNCOUNT

naive

adjective

1.

gullible

callow

credulous

green

unsuspicious

wet behind the ears informal

2.

innocent

artless

guileless

ingenuous

open

simple

trusting

unsophisticated

unworldly

naivety naîveté

noun

1.

gullibility

callowness

credulity

2.

innocence

artlessness

guilelessness

inexperience

ingenuousness

naturalness

openness

simplicity

naked

[D.J.:ˈneikid]

[K.K.:ˈnekɪd]

adj.

裸露的

赤裸裸的, 无遮蔽的

不加掩饰的; 坦白的, 明显的

nakedly

adv.

裸体地,露出地

nakedness

n.

裸出

naked **

1. naked
Someone who is naked is not wearing any clothes.

- Her naked body was found wrapped in a sheet in a field.

- The hot paving stones scorched my naked feet.

- They stripped me naked.

- He stood naked in front of me.

ADJ: ADJ n, ADJ after v, v-link ADJ
= bare

2. nakedness

- He had pulled the blanket over his body to hide his nakedness.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N
See also stark naked .

3. naked
If an animal or part of an animal is naked , it has no fur or feathers on it.

- The nest contained eight little mice that were naked and blind.

ADJ

4. naked
If you say that someone is naked or feels naked , you mean they are powerless or have no way of protecting themselves.

- If the reports are accurate, the deal leaves the authorities and the President virtually naked.

- ...Bevan's appeal against going `naked into the conference chamber'.

ADJ: ADJ after v, v-link ADJ, ADJ n
= defenceless

5. naked
You can describe an object as naked when it does not have its normal covering.

- ...a naked bulb dangling in a bare room...

- The water was heated by a naked gas flame.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

6. naked
Naked emotions are easy to recognize, because they are very strongly felt. (WRITTEN)

- The naked hatred in the woman's face shocked me.

- There had been naked misery in her voice when she'd spoken about the letter.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ veiled

7. nakedly

- She was embarrassed at showing her fear so nakedly.

ADV-GRADED

8. naked
You can use naked to describe unpleasant or violent actions and behaviour which are not disguised or hidden in any way. (JOURNALISM)

- Naked aggression and an attempt to change frontiers by force could not go unchallenged.

- ...violence and the naked pursuit of power.

- ...naked greed.

ADJ: ADJ n
= blatant

9. naked
If you say that something cannot be seen by the naked eye , you mean that it cannot be seen without the help of equipment such as a telescope or microscope.

- The worms cannot be seen by the naked eye.

- The planet Mars will be visible to the naked eye all week.

- There's so much going on that you can't see with the naked eye.

PHR: usu to/with/by PHR

naked

adjective

nude

bare

exposed

starkers informal

stripped

unclothed

undressed

without a stitch on informal

nakedness

noun

nudity

bareness

undress

name

[D.J.:neim]

[K.K.:nem]

n.

名字, 名称

名声; 名誉

著名的人物, 名人

vt.

给…取名

说出…的名字, 提…的名字; 列举

决定; 任命; 提名

named

[neimd]

adj.

指定的

names

复合名

naming

n.

命名

name *****

1. name names
The name of a person, place, or thing is the word or group of words that is used to identify them.

- `What's his name?' --- `Peter.'.

- I don't even know if Sullivan's his real name.

- They changed the name of the street.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

2. name names naming named
When you name someone or something, you give them a name, usually at the beginning of their life.

- My mother insisted on naming me Horace.

- ...a man named John T. Benson...

- He won his first Derby on the aptly named `Never Say Die'.

VB

3. name names naming named
If you name someone or something after another person or thing, you give them the same name as that person or thing.

- Why have you not named any of your sons after yourself?

VB

4. name names naming named
If you name someone, you identify them by stating their name.

- It's nearly thirty years since a journalist was jailed for refusing to name a source.

- One of the victims of the weekend's snowstorm has been named as twenty-year-old John Barr.

VB
= identify

5. name names naming named
If you name something such as a price, time, or place, you say what you want it to be.

- Call Marty, tell him to name his price.

VB
= state

6. name names naming named
If you name the person for a particular job, you say who you want to have the job.

- The England manager will be naming a new captain, to replace the injured Bryan Robson.

- When the chairman of Campbell's retired, McGovern was named as his successor.

- Early in 1941 he was named commander of the Afrika Korps.

VB
= nominate

7. name names
You can refer to the reputation of a person or thing as their name .

- He had a name for good judgement.

- She's never had any drug problems or done anything to give jazz a bad name.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= reputation

8. name names
You can refer to someone as, for example, a famous name or a great name when they are well-known. (JOURNALISM)

- ...some of the most famous names in modelling and show business.

- ...top names such as Jimmy Connors, Tim Mayotte, and Yannick Noah.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft adj N
= star

9. name
If something is in someone's name , it officially belongs to them or is reserved for them.

- The house is in my husband's name.

- A double room had been reserved for him in the name of Muller.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

10. name
If someone does something in the name of a group of people, they do it as the representative of that group.

- In the United States the majority governs in the name of the people.

- She accepted the gift in the name of the Save the Children Fund.

PHR: PHR n, usu PHR after v
= on behalf of

11. name
If you do something in the name of an ideal or an abstract thing, you do it in order to preserve or promote that thing.

- ...one of those rare occasions in history when a political leader risked his own power in the name of the greater public good...

- There had been times when she had felt sickened by the things people did in the name of business.

PHR: PHR n/-ing, usu PHR after v

12. name
People sometimes use expressions such as ` in the name of heaven' or ` in the name of humanity' to add emphasis to a question or request.

- What in the name of heaven's going on?.

- In the name of humanity I ask the government to reappraise this important issue.

PHR: PHR n, PHR with cl emphasis

13. name
If you say that a situation exists in all but name , you mean that it is not officially recognized but that it actually exists.

- ...the group, which is now a political party in all but name...

- It's the end of the doctrine in all but name.

PHR: usu n/adj PHR, PHR with cl

14. name
When you mention someone or something by name , or address someone by name , you use their name.

- He greets customers by name and enquires about their health.

PHR: PHR after v

15. name
You can use by name or by the name of when you are saying what someone is called. (FORMAL)

- In 1911 he met up with a young Australian by the name of Harry Busteed.

- This guy, Jack Smith, does he go by the name of Jackal?

PHR

16. name
If someone calls you names , they insult you by saying unpleasant things to you or about you.

- At my last school they called me names because I was so slow.

- They had called her rude names.

PHR: V inflects

17. name
If you say that something is the name of the game , you mean that it is the most important aspect of a situation. (INFORMAL)

- Family values are suddenly the name of the game.

- The name of the game is survival.

PHR

18. name
If you lend your name to something such as a cause or project, you support it.

- He had political points of view and lent his name to a lot of causes.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

19. name
If you make a name for yourself or make your name as something, you become well-known for that thing.

- She was beginning to make a name for herself as a portrait photographer.

- He made his name with several collections of short stories.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR as n

20. name
If you name names , you identify the people who have done something, often something wrong.

- Nobody was prepared to risk prosecution by actually naming names.

PHR: V inflects

21. name
If you say that a situation exists in name only , you mean that it does not have the status or position that it claims to have.

- Many of the groups exist in name only.

- He is commander-in-chief in name only.

PHR
= nominally

22. name
You say you name it , usually after or before a list, to indicate that you are talking about a very wide range of things.

- Pickled cucumbers, jam, pickled berries, tomatoes; you name it, they've got it.

- I also enjoy windsurfing, tennis, racquetball, swimming, you name it.

PHR

name

noun

1.

title

designation

epithet

handle slang

moniker or monicker slang

nickname

sobriquet

term

2.

fame

distinction

eminence

esteem

honour

note

praise

renown

repute

verb

3.

call

baptize

christen

dub

entitle

label

style

term

4.

nominate

appoint

choose

designate

select

specify

named

adjective

1.

called

baptized

christened

dubbed

entitled

known as

labelled

styled

termed

2.

nominated

appointed

chosen

designated

mentioned

picked

selected

singled out

specified

name-check

1. name-check name-checks
If someone gets a name-check in something such as an article or interview, their name is mentioned in it.

- She has had many credits and name-checks in American Vogue.

N-COUNT also name check

2. name-check name-checks name-checking name-checked
Also a verb.

- Several bands have name-checked Lee Hazelwood in interviews.

VB also name check

name-drop

[D.J.:ˈneimdrɔp]

[K.K.:ˈnemˌdrɑp]

vi.

高攀高官和名人以抬高身价

name-dropping

n.

略提知名人物以示相识而提高自己的身份

name-drop

1. name-drop name-drops name-dropping name-dropped
If you say that someone name-drops , you disapprove of them referring to famous people they have met in order to impress people.

- The assistant carried on talking to his mate, name-dropping all the famous riders he knew.

- I must stop saying everyone famous is a good friend. It sounds as if I'm name-dropping.

VB disapproval

2. name-dropper name-droppers

- Press agents are notorious name-droppers.

N-COUNT

3. name-dropping

- One can do a lot of name-dropping with names of the school's parents. President Nixon sent his daughters there.

N-UNCOUNT

nameless

[D.J.:ˈneɪmlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈnemlɪs]

adj.

无名的;未命名的

不知名的;匿名的

<文>不可名状的;难以形容的

糟得说不出口的

somebody, who will/shall remain/be nameless

(因听者知道你所指或不想令某人难堪)不会指名道姓，不便说出其名字

nameless

1. nameless
You describe people or things as nameless when you do not know their name or when they do not have a name.

- They can have their cases rejected, without reasons being given, by nameless officials.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. nameless
If you say that someone or something will remain nameless , you mean that you will not mention their name, often because you do not want to embarrass them.

- A local friend who shall be nameless warned me that I was in for trouble soon.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
= anonymous ≠ named

nameless

adjective

1.

anonymous

unnamed

untitled

2.

unknown

incognito

obscure

undistinguished

unheard-of

unsung

3.

horrible

abominable

indescribable

unmentionable

unspeakable

unutterable

namely

[D.J.:ˈneimli]

[K.K.:ˈnemli]

adv.

即, 也就是

namely **

namely
You use namely to introduce detailed information about the subject you are discussing, or a particular aspect of it.

- One group of people seems to be forgotten, namely pensioners.

- This shows how little they were aware of the challenge facing them, namely, to re-establish prosperity and the rule of law.

ADV: ADV n, ADV cl
= that is

namely

adverb

specifically

to wit

viz.

nameplate

[D.J.:ˈneɪmˌpleɪt]

[K.K.:ˈnemˌplet]

n.

姓名牌;名称牌

nameplate

nameplate nameplates
A nameplate is a sign on a door, wall, or desk which shows the name of the person or organization that occupies a particular place.
N-COUNT also name-plate .

namesake

[D.J.:ˈneɪmˌseɪk]

[K.K.:ˈnemˌsek]

n.

同姓的人;同名的人;同姓名的人;同名的事物

namesake

namesake namesakes
Someone's or something's namesake has the same name as they do. (WRITTEN)

- He is putting together a four-man team, including his son and namesake Tony 0'Reilly Jnr.

- Cathedral Notre-Dame in Senlis is less famous than its namesake in Paris.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

nan

n.

奶奶(小孩儿语)

nan *

nan
Some people refer to their grandmother as their nan . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I was brought up by my nan.

N-COUNT; N-VOC
= gran

nanny

[D.J.:ˈnæni:]

[K.K.:ˈnæni]

n.

(儿童的)保姆,奶妈

<口>奶奶;姥姥

the nanny state

保姆式国家(指过分干涉国民生活并对其实行家长式管治的国家)

nanny **

nanny nannies
A nanny is a woman who is paid by parents to look after their child or children.
N-COUNT
= nursemaid

nannying

1. nannying
Nannying is the job of being a nanny. (mainly BRIT)

- ...low-paid jobs such as nannying.

N-UNCOUNT

2. nannying
If you refer to activities such as helping and advising people as nannying , you disapprove of these activities because you think that they are protecting people too much. (mainly BRIT)

- ...governmental nannying and interference in markets.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= mollycoddling

nanny state

nanny state
If you refer to a government as the nanny state , you disapprove of it because you think it tries to protect its citizens too much and makes them rely on the state too much. (mainly BRIT)

- The tussle to free the individual from the nanny state is still far from won.

N-SING: usu the N disapproval

nanotechnology

[D.J.:ˌnænəutekˈnɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:ˌnænətɛkˈnɑlədʒi]

n.

纳米技术，毫微技术

nanotechnology

nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the science of making or working with things that are so small that they can only be seen using a powerful microscope.
N-UNCOUNT

nap

[næp]

n.

小睡, 打盹

vi.

小睡, 打盹

napped

adj.

有绒毛的

napping

[ˈnæpiŋ]

n.

起绒,拉绒,拉毛

nap *

1. nap naps
If you have a nap , you have a short sleep, usually during the day.

- Use your lunch hour to have a nap in your chair.

- I might take a little nap.

N-COUNT
= snooze

2. nap naps napping napped
If you nap , you sleep for a short period of time, usually during the day.

- An elderly person may nap during the day and then sleep only five hours a night.

VB
= doze

3. nap
The nap of a carpet or of a cloth such as velvet is the top layer of short threads, which usually lie smoothly in one direction.
N-SING

4. nap
If someone is caught napping , something happens when they are not prepared for it, although they should have been. (INFORMAL)

- The security services were clearly caught napping.

PHR: V inflects

nap

noun

1.

sleep

catnap

forty winks informal

kip Brit. slang

rest

siesta

verb

2.

sleep

catnap

doze

drop off informal

kip Brit. slang

nod off informal

rest

snooze informal

nap

noun

weave

down

fibre

grain

pile

napalm

[D.J.:ˈneipɑ:m]

[K.K.:ˈneˌpɑm]

n.

凝固汽油,凝固汽油弹

vt.

用凝固汽油炸

napalm

1. napalm
Napalm is a substance containing petrol which is used to make bombs that burn people, buildings, and plants.

- The government has consistently denied using napalm.

N-UNCOUNT

2. napalm napalms napalming napalmed
If people napalm other people or places, they attack and burn them using napalm.

- Why napalm a village now?

VB

nape

[D.J.:neɪp, næp]

[K.K.:nep, næp]

n.

颈背,后颈

napes

[ˈnæps]

n.

(鱼去鳃开腹后)腹壁

nape

nape napes
The nape of your neck is the back of it.

- ...the way that his hair grew at the nape of his neck.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the N of n

napkin

[D.J.:ˈnæpkin]

[K.K.:ˈnæpkɪn]

n.

餐巾

〈英·正〉 尿布

napkin *

napkin napkins
A napkin is a square of cloth or paper that you use when you are eating to protect your clothes, or to wipe your mouth or hands.

- ...taking tiny bites of a hot dog and daintily wiping my lips with a napkin.

N-COUNT
= serviette

napkin

noun

serviette

cloth

napkin ring

napkin ring napkin rings
A napkin ring is a ring-shaped object which is used to hold a rolled-up napkin.
N-COUNT

nappy

[D.J.:ˈnæpi:]

[K.K.:ˈnæpi]

n.

尿布

nappy *

nappy nappies
A nappy is a piece of soft thick cloth or paper which is fastened round a baby's bottom in order to soak up its urine and faeces. (BRIT; in AM use diaper )
N-COUNT
= diaper

nappy rash

nappy rash.
If a baby has nappy rash , the skin under its nappy is red and sore. (BRIT; in AM use diaper rash )
N-UNCOUNT

narcissi

[nɑ:ˈsisai]

n.

自我陶醉,自恋

narcissi

narcissi
narcissi is a plural form of narcissus .

narcissism

[D.J.:ˈnɑ:sɪˌsɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈnɑrsɪˌsɪzəm]

n.

自我陶醉,自恋

narcissistic

adj.

narcissistic

[D.J.:ˌn ɑ:sɪˈsɪstɪk]

[K.K.:ˌn ɑrsɪˈsɪstɪk]

adj.

自我陶醉的;自恋的;自我崇拜的

narcissism

narcissism
Narcissism is the habit of always thinking about yourself and admiring yourself. (FORMAL)

- Those who suffer from narcissism become self-absorbed or chronic show-offs.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= self-love

narcissism

noun

egotism

self-love

vanity

narcissistic

narcissistic
If you describe someone as narcissistic , you disapprove of them because they think about themselves a lot and admire themselves too much. (FORMAL)

- He was insufferable at times -- self-centred and narcissistic.

- ...the image of the vain, narcissistic man.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

narcissus

[D.J.:nɑ:ˈsɪsəs]

[K.K.:nɑrˈsɪsəs]

n.

水仙,水仙花

narcissus

narcissus
Narcissi are plants which have yellow or white flowers with cone-shaped centres that appear in the spring.
N-COUNT: usu pl The plural can be either narcissi or narcissus

narcolepsy

[D.J.:ˈnɑ:kəˌlepsi]

[K.K.:ˈnɑrkəˌlɛpsi]

n.

嗜眠发作

narcolepsy

narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is a rare medical condition. It causes people who suffer from it to fall into a deep sleep at any time without any warning.

- ...an attack of narcolepsy.

N-UNCOUNT

narcotic

[D.J.:nɑ:ˈkɔtɪk]

[K.K.:nɑrˈkɑtɪk]

n.

麻醉药

adj.

麻醉的

narcotically

adv.

麻醉地

narcotics

麻醉毒品

narcotic *

1. narcotic narcotics
Narcotics are drugs such as opium or heroin which make you sleepy and stop you feeling pain. You can also use narcotics , especially in American English, to mean any kind of illegal drug.

- He was indicted for dealing in narcotics.

- He appears to be high on some sort of narcotic.

N-COUNT

2. narcotic
If something, especially a drug, has a narcotic effect, it makes the person who uses it feel sleepy.

- ...hormones that have a narcotic effect on the immune system.

ADJ

narcotic

noun

1.

drug

anaesthetic

analgesic

anodyne

opiate

painkiller

sedative

tranquillizer

adjective

2.

sedative

analgesic

calming

hypnotic

painkilling

soporific

narked

narked
Someone who is narked is annoyed about something. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He's probably narked because he didn't see the ad himself.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= annoyed

narrate

[D.J.:ˈnærˌeɪt, næˈreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈnærˌet, næˈret]

vt.

故事

narration

[D.J.:næˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:næˈreʃən]

n.

叙述事情的经过;故事

narrator

[D.J.:næˈreɪtə]

n.

(故事的)讲述者,(戏剧、电影等的)解说员

narrate *

1. narrate narrates narrating narrated
If you narrate a story, you tell it from your own point of view. (FORMAL)

- The three of them narrate the same events from three perspectives.

- The book is narrated by Richard Papen, a Californian boy.

VB
= relate recount

2. narration

- Its story-within-a-story method of narration is confusing.

N-UNCOUNT

3. narrator narrators

- Jules, the story's narrator, is an actress in her late thirties.

N-COUNT

4. narrate narrates narrating narrated
The person who narrates a film or programme speaks the words which accompany the pictures, but does not appear in it.

- She also narrated a documentary about the Kirov Ballet School.

VB

5. narration

- As the crew gets back from lunch, we can put your narration on it right away.

N-UNCOUNT

6. narrator narrators

- ...the narrator of the documentary.

N-COUNT

narrate

verb

tell

chronicle

describe

detail

recite

recount

relate

report

narration

noun

telling

description

explanation

reading

recital

relation

narrator

noun

storyteller

author

chronicler

commentator

reporter

writer

narrative

[D.J.:ˈnærətiv]

[K.K.:ˈnærətɪv]

n.

记叙文; 故事

叙述, 讲述; 叙述部分

adj.

叙述的; 叙事体的

narrative **

1. narrative narratives
A narrative is a story or an account of a series of events.

- ...a fast-moving narrative...

- Sloan began his narrative with the day of the murder.

N-COUNT

2. narrative
Narrative is the description of a series of events, usually in a novel.

- Neither author was very strong on narrative.

- ...Nye's simple narrative style.

N-UNCOUNT

narrative

noun

story

account

chronicle

history

report

statement

tale

narrow

[D.J.:ˈnærəu]

[K.K.:ˈnæro]

adj.

狭窄的; 狭隘的

勉强的; 险胜的

vt. & vi.

(使)变窄

narrowing

[ˈnærəuiŋ]

n.

断面收缩,缩小,窄化,变窄,收针

narrowly

[D.J.:ˈnærəʊlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈnærolɪ]

adv.

狭窄地

勉强地

严密地;仔细地

narrowness

n.

狭小,小气

narrows

[D.J.:ˈnærəuz]

[K.K.:ˈnæroz]

n.

海峡；江峡

narrow ****

1. narrow narrower narrowest
Something that is narrow measures a very small distance from one side to the other, especially compared to its length or height.

- ...through the town's narrow streets...

- She had long, narrow feet.

- ...the narrow strip of land joining the peninsula to the rest of the island.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ wide

2. narrowness

- ...the narrowness of the river mouth.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. narrow narrows narrowing narrowed
If something narrows , it becomes less wide.

- The wide track narrows before crossing another stream.

VB

4. narrow narrows narrowing narrowed
If your eyes narrow or if you narrow your eyes, you almost close them, for example because you are angry or because you are trying to concentrate on something. (WRITTEN)

- Coggins' eyes narrowed angrily. `You think I'd tell you?'.

- He paused and narrowed his eyes in concentration.

V-ERG
≠ widen

5. narrow narrower narrowest
If you describe someone's ideas, attitudes, or beliefs as narrow , you disapprove of them because they are restricted in some way, and often ignore the more important aspects of an argument or situation.

- ...a narrow and outdated view of family life...

- I would have preferred somebody who had wider ideas, and he was rather narrow.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= limited ≠ broad

6. narrowly

- The present A-level system requires schoolchildren to specialise far too early and too narrowly.

- They're making judgments based on a narrowly focused vision of the world.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed/adj

7. narrowness

- ...the narrowness of their mental and spiritual outlook.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

8. narrow narrows narrowing narrowed
If something narrows or if you narrow it, its extent or range becomes smaller.

- Most recent opinion polls suggest that the gap between the two main parties has narrowed.

- The European Community and America had narrowed their differences over farm subsidies.

V-ERG
≠ widen

9. narrowing

- ...a narrowing of the gap between rich members and poor.

N-SING

10. narrow narrower narrowest
If you have a narrow victory, you succeed in winning but only by a small amount.

- Delegates have voted by a narrow majority in favour of considering electoral reform.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

11. narrowly

- She narrowly failed to win enough votes.

- The People's Party is narrowly behind the Socialists in the polls.

ADV

12. narrowness

- The narrowness of the government's victory reflected deep division within the Conservative Party.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

13. narrow narrower narrowest
If you have a narrow escape, something unpleasant nearly happens to you.

- Two police officers had a narrow escape when separatists attacked their vehicles.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

14. narrowly

- Five firemen narrowly escaped death when a staircase collapsed beneath their feet.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

15. narrowness

- If he was shaken by the narrowness of his recent escape he showed no signs of it.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

narrowly

narrowly
If you look at someone narrowly , you look at them in a concentrated way, often because you think they are not giving you full information about something.

- He grimaced and looked narrowly at his colleague.

ADV: ADV after v
= closely

See also narrow .

narrow

adjective

1.

thin

attenuated

fine

slender

slim

spare

tapering

2.

limited

close

confined

constricted

contracted

meagre

restricted

tight

3.

insular

dogmatic

illiberal

intolerant

narrow-minded

partial

prejudiced

small-minded

verb

4.

tighten

constrict

limit

reduce

narrowly

adverb

just

barely

by the skin of one's teeth

only just

scarcely

narrow down ****

narrow down narrows down; narrowing down; narrowed down
If you narrow down a range of things, you reduce the number of things included in it.

- What's happened is that the new results narrow down the possibilities.

- I've managed to narrow the list down to twenty-three.

PHR-V

narrow boat

narrow boat narrow boats
A narrow boat is a long, low boat used on canals. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also narrowboat .
= barge

narrow-minded

[D.J.:ˈnærəʊˈmaɪndɪd]

[K.K.:ˈnæroˈmaɪndɪd]

adj.

心胸狭窄的;偏执的

narrow-mindedly

adv.

目光短浅地

narrow-mindedly

adv.

目光短浅地

narrow-mindedness

n.

目光短浅

narrow-minded

1. narrow-minded
If you describe someone as narrow-minded , you are criticizing them because they are unwilling to consider new ideas or other people's opinions.

- ...a narrow-minded bigot.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ broad-minded

2. narrow-mindedness

- It is unbelievable that as a result of this narrow-mindedness a group of people should suffer.

N-UNCOUNT

narrow-minded

adjective

intolerant

bigoted

hidebound

illiberal

opinionated

parochial

prejudiced

provincial

small-minded

NASA

[D.J.:ˈnæsə]

[K.K.:ˈnæsə]

abbr.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration <美>国家航空和宇宙航行局

NASA

[D.J.:ˈnæsə]

[K.K.:ˈnæsə]

abbr.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 〈美〉国家航空和宇宙航行局

NASA **

NASA
NASA is the American government organization concerned with spacecraft and space travel. NASA is an abbreviation for `National Aeronautics and Space Administration'.
N-PROPER

nasal

[D.J.:ˈneɪzəl]

[K.K.:ˈnezəl]

adj.

鼻的

(指字母或声音)鼻音的；(指说话声等)带许多鼻音的

n.

鼻音字母,鼻音

nasally

adv.

nasally

adv.

鼻地,鼻声地

nasal *

1. nasal
Nasal is used to describe things relating to the nose and the functions it performs.

- ...inflamed nasal passages.

- ...nasal decongestant sprays.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. nasal
If someone's voice is nasal , it sounds as if air is passing through their nose as well as their mouth while they are speaking.

- Her voice was nasal and penetrating.

- She talked in a deep nasal monotone.

ADJ

nascency

[ˈnæsənsi]

n.

发生,起源

nascent

[D.J.:ˈnæsənt, ˈneɪsənt]

[K.K.:ˈnæsənt, ˈnesənt]

adj.

初期的; 初生的, 新生的

开始形成的；发生中的

nascency

n.

nascent

nascent
Nascent things or processes are just beginning, and are expected to become stronger or to grow bigger. (FORMAL)

- Kenya's nascent democracy was threatened by conflict yesterday.

- ...the still nascent science of psychology.

ADJ: ADJ n
= budding

nasturtium

[D.J.:nəˈstə:ʃəm]

[K.K.:nəˈstɚʃəm, næ-]

n.

旱金莲属植物,旱金莲花

nasturtium

nasturtium nasturtiums
Nasturtiums are low plants with large round leaves and orange, red, and yellow flowers.
N-COUNT

nastily

[D.J.:ˈnæstəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈnæstəlɪ]

adv.

污秽地;肮脏地;淫秽地

nastiness

n.

污秽,不洁

nasty

[D.J.:ˈnɑ:sti]

[K.K.:ˈnæsti]

adj.

令人讨厌的; 令人厌恶的

恶意的; 恶毒的; 卑鄙的

严重的; 危险的; 造成痛苦的

下流的, 道德败坏的

nasty **

1. nasty nastier nastiest
Something that is nasty is very unpleasant to see, experience, or feel.

- ...an extremely nasty murder...

- This divorce could turn nasty.

ADJ-GRADED
= horrible

2. nastiness

- ...the nastiness of war.

N-UNCOUNT
= unpleasantness

3. nasty nastier nastiest
If you describe a person or their behaviour as nasty , you mean that they behave in an unkind and unpleasant way.

- What nasty little snobs you all are.

- The guards looked really nasty.

- Mummy is so nasty to me when Daddy isn't here.

ADJ-GRADED
= disagreeable ≠ nice kind

4. nastily

- She took the money and eyed me nastily.

- Nikki laughed nastily.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

5. nastiness

- As the years went by his nastiness began to annoy his readers.

N-UNCOUNT

6. nasty nastier nastiest
If you describe something as nasty , you mean it is unattractive, undesirable, or in bad taste.

- ...Emily's nasty little house in Balham...

- That damned Farrel made some nasty jokes here about Mr. Lane.

ADJ-GRADED
= unpleasant ≠ nice

7. nasty nastier nastiest
A nasty problem or situation is very worrying and difficult to deal with.

- A spokesman said this firm action had defused a very nasty situation.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= tricky

8. nasty nastier nastiest
If you describe an injury or a disease as nasty , you mean that it is serious or looks unpleasant.

- My little granddaughter caught her heel in the spokes of her bicycle -- it was a very nasty wound.

- Lili had a nasty chest infection.

ADJ-GRADED

9. nasty nasties
Nasties are unpleasant or harmful people or things. (INFORMAL)

- ...evil organisations, peopled with nasties...

- Decaffeinated coffee still contains some stimulants and other nasties linked with cancer.

N-PLURAL

nastiness

noun

unpleasantness

malice

meanness

spitefulness

nasty

adjective

1.

objectionable

disagreeable

loathsome

obnoxious

offensive

unpleasant

vile

2.

spiteful

despicable

disagreeable

distasteful

malicious

mean

unpleasant

vicious

vile

3.

painful

bad

critical

dangerous

serious

severe

natch

[D.J.:nætʃ]

[K.K.:nætʃ]

adv.

〈口〉当然地

natch

natch
Natch is used to indicate that a particular fact or event is what you would expect and not at all surprising. (INFORMAL, mainly JOURNALISM)

- ...a bizarre, dreamy (but sarcastic, natch) ballad...

- Ina is a bad girl so, natch, ends up in prison.

ADV: ADV with cl/group
= naturally

nation

[D.J.:ˈneiʃən]

[K.K.:ˈneʃən]

n.

国家

民族

nation *****

1. nation nations
A nation is an individual country considered together with its social and political structures.

- Such policies would require unprecedented cooperation between nations.

- The Arab nations agreed to meet in Baghdad.

N-COUNT

2. nation
The nation is sometimes used to refer to all the people who live in a particular country. (JOURNALISM)

- It was a story that touched the nation's heart.

N-SING

nation

noun

country

people

race

realm

society

state

tribe

national

[D.J.:ˈnæʃənəl]

[K.K.:ˈnæʃənəl, ˈnæʃnəl]

adj.

国家的, 民族的, 全国性的, 国民的

国有的, 国立的

n.

某国国民

nationally

[D.J.:ˈnæʃənəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈnæʃən l..ɪ]

adv.

在全国范围内;全国性地

作为整个民族

national *****

1. national
National means relating to the whole of a country or nation rather than to part of it or to other nations.

- Ruling parties have lost ground in national and local elections.

- ...major national and international issues.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. nationally

- ...a nationally televised speech...

- Duncan Campbell is nationally known for his investigative work.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. national
National means typical of the people or customs of a particular country or nation.

- ...the national characteristics and history of the country...

- Baseball is the national pastime.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. national nationals
You can refer to someone who is legally a citizen of a country as a national of that country.

- ...a Sri Lankan-born British national.

N-COUNT: usu adj N
= citizen

national

adjective

1.

nationwide

countrywide

public

widespread

noun

2.

citizen

inhabitant

native

resident

subject

national anthem *

national anthem national anthems
A national anthem is a nation's official song which is played or sung on public occasions.
N-COUNT: usu sing

National Curriculum **

National Curriculum
The National Curriculum is the course of study that most school pupils in England and Wales are meant to follow between the ages of 5 and 16.
N-PROPER: the N

national government *

national government national governments
A national government is a government with members from more than one political party, especially one that is formed during a crisis. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu sing

National Guard

National Guard National Guards
In the United States, the National Guard is a military force within an individual state, which can become part of the national army if there is a war or emergency.

- ...the leader of the Arkansas National Guard.

N-COUNT: usu the N

National Guardsman

National Guardsman National Guardsmen
A National Guardsman is a member of the National Guard in the United States.
N-COUNT

National Health Service *

National Health Service
In Britain, the National Health Service is the state system for providing medical care. It is paid for by taxes.

- An increasing number of these treatments are now available on the National Health Service.

N-PROPER: the N

national insurance *

national insurance
In Britain, national insurance is the state system of paying money to people who are ill, unemployed, or retired. It is financed by money that the government collects from people who work or from their employers.
N-UNCOUNT

nationalism

[D.J.:ˈnæʃənəˌlɪzəm, ˈnæʃnə-]

[K.K.:ˈnæʃənəˌlɪzəm, ˈnæʃnə-]

n.

爱国主义;爱国心

民族主义

nationalism **

1. nationalism
Nationalism is the desire for political independence of people who feel they are historically or culturally a separate group within a country.

- The rising tide of Slovak nationalism may also help the party to win representation in parliament.

N-UNCOUNT: oft supp N

2. nationalism
You can refer to a person's great love for their nation as nationalism . It is often associated with the belief that a particular nation is better than any other nation, and in this case is often used showing disapproval.

- This kind of fierce nationalism is a powerful and potentially volatile force.

N-UNCOUNT: oft supp N
= jingoism

nationalism

noun

patriotism

allegiance

chauvinism

jingoism

loyalty

nationalist

[D.J.:ˈnæʃɵnəlɪst]

n.

民族主义者;国家主义者

nationalist ***

1. nationalist
Nationalist means connected with the desire of a group of people within a country for political independence.

- The crisis has set off a wave of nationalist feelings in Quebec.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. nationalist
A nationalist is someone with nationalist views.

- ...demands by Slovak nationalists for an independent state.

N-COUNT

3. nationalist
Nationalist means connected with a person's great love for their nation. It is often associated with the belief that their nation is better than any other nation, and in this case is often used showing disapproval.

- Political life has been infected by growing nationalist sentiment.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. nationalist nationalists
A nationalist is someone with nationalist views.

- Some nationalists would like to depict the British monarchy as a purely English institution.

N-COUNT

nationalistic

[ˌnæʃənəˈlistik]

adj.

民族主义的; 国家主义的

nationalistic *

nationalistic
If you describe someone as nationalistic , you mean they are very proud of their nation. They also often believe that their nation is better than any other nation, and in this case it is often used showing disapproval.

- ...Barcelona, a team who are a monument to the nationalistic pride of the Catalan people.

ADJ-GRADED

nationality

[D.J.:ˌnæʃəˈnæliti]

[K.K.:ˌnæʃəˈnælɪti, næʃˈnæl-]

n.

国籍

民族群体

nationality **

1. nationality nationalities
If you have the nationality of a particular country, you were born there or have the legal right to be a citizen.

- Asked his nationality, he said British.

- The crew are of different nationalities and have no common language.

N-VAR

2. nationality nationalities
You can refer to people who have the same racial origins as a nationality , especially when they do not have their own independent country.

- ...the many nationalities that comprise Ethiopia.

N-COUNT
= race

nationality

noun

race

birth

nation

nationalization

[ˌnæʃnəlaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

同化,国有化

nationalize

[D.J.:ˈnæʃənəˌlaɪz, ˈnæʃnə-]

[K.K.:ˈnæʃənəˌlaɪz, ˈnæʃnə-]

vt.

收归国有;国有化

nationalize *

1. nationalize nationalizes nationalizing nationalized
If a government nationalizes a private company or industry, that company or industry becomes owned by the state and controlled by the government.

- In 1987, Garcia introduced legislation to nationalize Peru's banking and financial systems.

- The coffee industry was nationalised at the time of independence.

VB (BRIT) also nationalise
≠ privatize

2. nationalization nationalizations

- ...the campaign for the nationalization of the coal mines...

- The steel workers were relatively indifferent to the issue of nationalization.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
≠ privatization

national park **

national park national parks
A national park is a large area of land which is protected by the government because of its natural beauty, plants, or animals, and which the public can usually visit.

- ...the Masai Mara game reserve and Amboseli national park.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

national service *

national service
National service is service in the armed forces, which young people in certain countries have to do by law. (mainly BRIT; in AM use selective service )

- Banks spent his national service in the Royal Navy.

N-UNCOUNT
= military service

nationhood

[ˈneiʃənhud]

n.

作为一个国家的地位

nationhood

nationhood
A country's nationhood is its status as a nation.

- To them, the monarchy is the special symbol of nationhood.

N-UNCOUNT

nation-state

[D.J.:ˈneɪʃənˌsteɪt]

[K.K.:ˈneʃənˌstet]

n.

单一民族国家

nation-state *

nation-state nation-states
A nation-state is an independent state which consists of people from one particular national group.

- Albania is a small nation state of around 3 million people.

N-COUNT also nation state .

nationwide

[D.J.:ˌneɪʃənˈwaɪd]

[K.K.:ˌneʃənˈwaɪd]

adj. & adv.

全国范围的;全国性的;在全国

nationwide **

1. nationwide
Nationwide activities or situations happen or exist in all parts of a country.

- The rising number of car crimes is a nationwide problem.

- ...the strike by teachers which is nationwide.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= national

2. nationwide
Also an adverb.

- The figures show unemployment falling nationwide last month.

ADV
= nationally

nationwide

adjective

national

countrywide

general

widespread

native

[D.J.:ˈneitiv]

[K.K.:ˈnetɪv]

adj.

出生地的, 故乡的, 本国的

当地(人)的; 原产于某地的

天生的, 有天赋的

n.

当地人, 本地人

native ***

1. native
Your native country or area is the country or area where you were born and brought up.

- It was his first visit to his native country since 1948.

- Mother Teresa visited her native Albania.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. native natives
A native of a particular country or region is someone who was born in that country or region.

- Dr Aubin is a native of St Blaise.

- ...two Dutch volunteer workmen, natives of Tilburg.

N-COUNT: N of n

3. native
Also an adjective.

- Joshua Halpern is a native Northern Californian.

- ...men and women native to countries such as Japan.

ADJ: ADJ n, v-link ADJ to n

4. native natives
Some European people use native to refer to a person living in a non-Western country who belongs to the race or tribe that the majority of people there belong to. This use could cause offence.

- They used force to banish the natives from the more fertile land.

N-COUNT

5. native
Also an adjective.

- Native people were allowed to retain some sense of their traditional culture and religion.

ADJ: ADJ n
= indigenous

6. native
Your native language or tongue is the first language that you learned to speak when you were a child.

- She spoke not only her native language, Swedish, but also English and French.

- French is not my native tongue.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. native
Plants or animals that are native to a particular region live or grow there naturally and were not brought there.

- ...a project to create a 50 acre forest of native Caledonian pines...

- Many of the plants are native to Brazil.

ADJ: ADJ n, v-link ADJ to n
= indigenous

8. native natives
Also a noun.

- The coconut palm is a native of Malaysia.

N-COUNT: N of n

9. native
A native ability or quality is one that you possess naturally without having to learn it.

- We have our native inborn talent, yet we hardly use it.

ADJ: ADJ n
= innate

10. native
If you say that someone who is living away from their own country goes native , you mean that they try to live and dress like the local people.

- You don't think he's gone native, do you? Perhaps he has married out there and decided he can't come home.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

native

adjective

1.

local

domestic

home

indigenous

2.

inborn

congenital

hereditary

inbred

ingrained

innate

instinctive

intrinsic

natural

noun

3.

inhabitant

aborigine

citizen

countryman

dweller

national

resident

Native American *

1. Native American Native Americans
Native Americans are people from any of the many groups who were already living in North America before Europeans arrived.

- The eagle is the animal most sacred to the Native Americans.

N-COUNT
= American Indian

2. Native American
Also an adjective.

- ...a gathering of Native American elders.

ADJ: ADJ n

native speaker

native speaker native speakers
A native speaker of a language is someone who speaks that language as their first language rather than having learned it as a foreign language.

- Our programme ensures daily opportunities to practice your study language with native speakers.

N-COUNT

Nativity

n.

基督诞生

Nativity

Nativity
The Nativity is the birth of Jesus, which is celebrated by Christians at Christmas.

- They admired the tableau of the Nativity.

- ...the Nativity story.

N-SING: the N

nativity play

nativity play nativity plays
A nativity play is a play about the birth of Jesus, usually one performed by children at Christmas time.
N-COUNT

NATO

abbr.

the North Atlantic Treaty Organization北大西洋公约组织

NATO ***

NATO
NATO is an international organization which consists of the USA, Canada, Britain, and other European countries who have agreed to support one another if they are attacked. NATO is an abbreviation for `North Atlantic Treaty Organization'.

- NATO says it will keep a reduced number of modern nuclear weapons to guarantee peace.

N-PROPER

natter

[D.J.:ˈnætə]

[K.K.:ˈnætɚ]

vi.

唠叨,瞎扯

natter

1. natter natters nattering nattered
When people natter , they talk casually for a long time about unimportant things. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- If something dramatic has happened during the day, we'll sit and natter about it.

- Susan and the girl were still nattering away in German.

- Ahead of you is a day of nattering with fellow farmers at the local market.

- You natter all day long at the hospital.

- His mother would natter to anyone.

V-RECIP
= chat gossip

2. natter
Also a noun.

- What's the topic of conversation when a group of new mums get together for a natter?

N-SING: a N
= chinwag

natter

verb

1.

gossip

blether

chatter

gabble

jaw slang

prattle

rabbit (on) Brit. informal

talk

noun

2.

gossip

chat

chinwag Brit. informal

chitchat

conversation

gab informal

jaw slang

prattle

talk

nattier

[ˈnætiə]

n.

淡蓝色

natty

[D.J.:ˈnæti:]

[K.K.:ˈnæti]

adj.

整洁漂亮的

潇洒的,灵巧的

natty

1. natty nattier nattiest
If you describe clothes, especially men's clothes, as natty , you mean that they are smart and neat. (INFORMAL)

- ...a natty pin stripe suit...

- Cliff was a natty dresser.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

2. natty nattier nattiest
If you describe something as natty , you think it is smart and cleverly designed. (INFORMAL)

- ...natty little houses.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval
= nifty

natty

adjective

smart

dapper

elegant

fashionable

neat

snazzy informal

spruce

stylish

trim

natural

[D.J.:ˈnætʃərəl]

[K.K.:ˈnætʃərəl, ˈnætʃrəl]

adj.

自然的, 天然的

表现自然的, 不做作的

天生的, 生来的

n.

非常适合或肯定成功的人或事物

naturally

[D.J.:ˈnætʃərəli]

[K.K.:ˈnætʃərəli, ˈnætʃrə-]

adv.

天然地; 天生地

自然; 当然

表现自然地, 不做作地

naturalness

n.

自然,当然

natural ****

1. natural
If you say that it is natural for someone to act in a particular way or for something to happen in that way, you mean that it is reasonable in the circumstances.

- It is only natural for youngsters to crave the excitement of driving a fast car.

- It is only natural that he should resent you.

- A period of depression can be a perfectly natural response to certain aspects of life.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf/that
≠ unnatural surprising

2. natural
Natural behaviour is shared by all people or all animals of a particular type and has not been learned.

- ...the insect's natural instinct to feed...

- Anger is the natural reaction we experience when we feel threatened or frustrated.

ADJ
= inborn ≠ abnormal

3. natural
Someone with a natural ability or skill was born with that ability and did not have to learn it.

- She has a natural ability to understand the motives of others.

- He had a natural flair for business.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= instinctive

4. natural naturals
If you say that someone is a natural , you mean that they do something very well and very easily.

- He's a natural with any kind of engine.

- She proved to be a natural on camera.

N-COUNT: usu a N in sing

5. natural
If someone's behaviour is natural , they appear to be relaxed and are not trying to hide anything.

- Bethan's sister was as friendly and natural as the rest of the family.

- Hannah's natural manner reassured her, and she relaxed.

ADJ-GRADED
= genuine ≠ contrived

6. naturally

- For pictures of people behaving naturally, not posing for the camera, it is essential to shoot unnoticed.

- She is magnificent at making you feel you can talk quite naturally to her.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

7. naturalness

- The critics praised the reality of the scenery and the naturalness of the acting.

N-UNCOUNT

8. natural
Natural things exist or occur in nature and are not made or caused by people.

- It has called the typhoon the worst natural disaster in South Korea in four years.

- The gigantic natural harbour of Poole is a haven for boats.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ artificial man-made

9. naturally

- Nitrates are chemicals that occur naturally in water and the soil.

- Honey is a naturally acidic substance.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

10. natural
Someone's natural parent is their biological father or mother, as opposed to an adult who is looking after them, or who has adopted them. Someone's natural child is their biological son or daughter, as opposed to a child they are looking after or have adopted.

- She has been reunited with her natural mother.

- His commitments to the stepchildren will not reduce his obligation to his natural children.

ADJ: ADJ n

11. natural
In music, a natural note is the ordinary note, not its sharp or flat form.

- ...B natural.

ADJ: n ADJ

12. natural naturals
Also a noun.

- Is that F a natural or a sharp?

N-COUNT

13. natural
If someone dies of natural causes , they die because they are ill or old rather than because of an accident or violence.

- According to the Home Office, your brother died of natural causes.

- A prisoner collapsed and died yesterday, apparently from natural causes.

PHR: usu prep PHR

naturally ***

1. naturally
You use naturally to indicate that you think something is very obvious and not at all surprising in the circumstances.

- When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel disappointed and frustrated.

- Naturally these comings and goings excited some curiosity.

- He had been stunned and, naturally, deeply upset.

- We are naturally concerned about the future.

ADV: ADV before v, ADV with cl, ADV adj
= obviously

2. naturally
If one thing develops naturally from another, it develops as a normal consequence or result of it.

- A study of yoga leads naturally to meditation.

ADV: ADV after v
= logically

3. naturally
You can use naturally to talk about the characteristics of someone's personality when it is the way that they normally act.

- He has a lively sense of humour and appears naturally confident.

ADV: ADV adj

4. naturally
If someone is naturally good at something, they learn it easily and quickly and do it very well.

- Some individuals are naturally good communicators.

ADV: ADV adj

5. naturally
If something comes naturally to you, you find it easy to do and quickly become good at it.

- With football, it was just something that came naturally to me.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to n

natural

adjective

1.

normal

common

everyday

legitimate

logical

ordinary

regular

typical

usual

2.

unaffected

genuine

ingenuous

open

real

simple

spontaneous

unpretentious

unsophisticated

3.

innate

characteristic

essential

inborn

inherent

instinctive

intuitive

native

4.

pure

organic

plain

unrefined

whole

naturally

adverb

1.

of course

certainly

2.

genuinely

normally

simply

spontaneously

typically

unaffectedly

unpretentiously

natural childbirth

natural childbirth
If a woman gives birth by natural childbirth , she is not given any drugs to relieve her pain or to send her to sleep.
N-UNCOUNT

natural gas *

natural gas
Natural gas is gas which is found underground or under the sea. It is collected and stored, and piped into people's homes to be used for cooking and heating.
N-UNCOUNT
= methane

natural history *

natural history
Natural history is the study of animals and plants and other living things.

- Schools regularly bring children to the beach for natural history lessons.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

naturalism

[D.J.:ˈnætʃərəlizəm]

[K.K.:ˈnætʃərəˌlɪzəm, ˈnætʃrə-]

n.

自然主义,本能行动

naturalism

naturalism
Naturalism is a theory in art and literature which states that people and things should be shown in a realistic way.
N-UNCOUNT

naturalist

[D.J.:ˈnætʃərələst]

[K.K.:ˈnætʃərəlɪst, ˈnætʃrə-]

n.

博物学家

(文学艺术的)自然主义者

naturalist *

naturalist naturalists
A naturalist is a person who studies plants, animals, insects, and other living things.
N-COUNT

naturalist

noun

biologist

botanist

ecologist

zoologist

naturalistic

[D.J.:ˌnætʃərəˈlistik]

[K.K.:ˌnætʃərəˈlɪstɪk, ˌnætʃrə-]

adj.

自然的,自然主义的,博物学的

naturalistic

1. naturalistic
Naturalistic art or writing tries to show people and things in a realistic way.

- These drawings are among his most naturalistic.

ADJ-GRADED

2. naturalistic
Naturalistic means resembling something that exists or occurs in nature.

- Further research is needed under rather more naturalistic conditions.

ADJ-GRADED

naturalistic

adjective

realistic

lifelike

true-to-life

naturalization

[D.J.:ˈnætʃərələˈzeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˈnætʃərələˈzeʃən]

n.

(外国人的)归化

(动植物的)移植

(外国的习惯、语言等的)移入,同化,采纳

naturalize

[D.J.:ˈnætʃərəˌlaɪz, ˈnætʃrə-]

[K.K.:ˈnætʃərəˌlaɪz, ˈnætʃrə-]

vt.

接收(外国人)入籍,使归化

将(植物等)引进异域种植

吸收,采用(外来词语、风俗习惯等)

naturalization

n.

naturalized

自然化的;归化的

naturalize

1. naturalize naturalizes naturalizing naturalized
To naturalize a species of plant means to start it growing in an area where it is not usually found. If a plant naturalizes in an area where it was not found before, it starts to grow there naturally.

- A friend sent me a root from Mexico, and I hope to naturalize it.

- The plant naturalises well in grass.

V-ERG (BRIT) also naturalise

2. naturalize naturalizes naturalizing naturalized
If the government of a country naturalizes someone, they allow a person who was not born in that country to become a citizen of it.

- No one expects the Baltic states to naturalise young Russian soldiers, but army pensioners can be given citizenship.

VB (BRIT) also naturalise
See also naturalized .

3. naturalization

- They swore their allegiance to the USA and received their naturalization papers.

N-UNCOUNT

naturalized

naturalized
A naturalized citizen of a particular country is someone who has legally become a citizen of that country, although they were not born there.
ADJ: ADJ n (BRIT) also naturalised

natural resources *

natural resources
Natural resources are all the land, forests, energy sources and minerals existing naturally in a place that can be used by people.

- Angola was a country rich in natural resources.

- They are looking at ways of reducing the waste of natural resources.

N-PLURAL

natural selection

natural selection
Natural selection is a process by which species of animals and plants that are best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce, while those that are less well adapted die out.

- Natural selection ensures only the fittest survive to pass their genes on to the next generation.

N-UNCOUNT

natural wastage

natural wastage
Natural wastage is the process of employees leaving their jobs because they want to retire or move to other jobs, rather than because their employer makes them leave. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use attrition )

- The company hopes the job cuts will be made through natural wastage and voluntary redundancy.

N-UNCOUNT

nature

[D.J.:ˈneitʃə]

[K.K.:ˈnetʃɚ]

n.

大自然, 自然界

天性, 性格; 性质

类型; 种类

nature ****

1. nature
Nature is all the animals, plants, and other things in the world that are not made by people, and all the events and processes that are not caused by people.

- The most amazing thing about nature is its infinite variety.

- ...grasses that grow wild in nature.

- ...the ecological balance of nature.

N-UNCOUNT
See also Mother Nature .

2. nature
The nature of something is its basic quality or character.

- Mr Sharp would not comment on the nature of the issues being investigated.

- ...the ambitious nature of the programme...

- The protests had been non-political by nature.

- The rise of a major power is both economic and military in nature.

N-SING: with supp, oft n N, also by/in N

3. nature
Someone's nature is their character, which they show by the way they behave.

- Jeya feels that her ambitious nature made her unsuitable for an arranged marriage.

- She trusted people. That was her nature.

- He was by nature affectionate.

N-SING: with poss, also by N
See also human nature .

4. nature
If you say that something is against nature , you think that it is unnatural.

- All these activities are against nature.

PHR: v-link PHR
= unnatural

5. nature
If you want to get back to nature , you want to return to a simpler way of living.

- She was very anxious to get away from cities and back to nature.

PHR: PHR after v

6. nature
If you say that something has a particular characteristic by its nature or by its very nature , you mean that things of that type always have that characteristic.

- Peacekeeping, by its nature, makes pre-planning difficult.

- One could argue that smoking, by its very nature, is addictive.

PHR: N inflects, PHR with cl

7. nature
Some people talk about a call of nature when referring politely to the need to go to the toilet.

- I'm afraid I have to answer a call of nature.

PHR: PHR after v politeness

8. nature
If you say that something is in the nature of things, you mean that you would expect it to happen in the circumstances mentioned.

- Of course, in the nature of things, and with a lot of drinking going on, people failed to notice.

- Many have already died, and in the nature of things many more will die.

PHR: PHR with cl

9. nature
If you say that one thing is in the nature of another, you mean that it is like the other thing.

- There is movement towards, I think, something in the nature of a pluralistic system.

- It was in the nature of a debate rather than an argument.

PHR: PHR n, usu v-link PHR, pron-indef PHR

10. nature
If a way of behaving is second nature to you, you do it almost without thinking because it is easy for you or obvious to you.

- Planning ahead had always come as second nature to her.

- It's not easy at first, but it soon becomes second nature.

PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR to n

nature

noun

1.

creation

cosmos

earth

environment

universe

world

2.

make-up

character

complexion

constitution

essence

3.

kind

category

description

sort

species

style

type

variety

4.

temperament

disposition

humour

mood

outlook

temper

nature study

nature study
Nature study is the study of animals and plants at a very basic level by looking at them directly, for example as it is taught to young children.

- They drove into the mountains for a weekend of nature study.

N-UNCOUNT

nature trail

nature trail nature trails
A nature trail is a route through an area of countryside which has signs drawing attention to interesting animals, plants, or rocks.
N-COUNT

naturism

[D.J.:ˈneitʃərizəm]

[K.K.:ˈnetʃəˌrɪzəm]

n.

对自然现象的崇拜

naturist

[ˈneitʃərist]

n.

天体运动者,裸体主义者(指认为裸体有益身心的人)

naturism

1. naturism
Naturism is the same as nudism . (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

2. naturist naturists

- ...a naturist beach.

N-COUNT: oft N n

naughty

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:ti]

[K.K.:ˈnɔti]

adj.

顽皮的; 不听话的

naughty *

1. naughty naughtier naughtiest
If you say that a child is naughty , you mean that they behave badly or do not do what they are told.

- Girls, you're being very naughty.

- You naughty boy, you gave me such a fright.

ADJ-GRADED
= bad ≠ good

2. naughtiness

- When he poked his tongue at the press it was just a young boy's natural naughtiness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. naughty naughtier naughtiest
You can describe books, pictures, or words, as naughty when they are slightly rude or related to sex.

- You know what little boys are like with naughty words.

- ...saucy TV shows, crammed full of naughty innuendo.

ADJ-GRADED

4. naughtiness

- ...a writer who shocked the bourgeoisie with his sexual naughtiness.

N-UNCOUNT

naughty

adjective

1.

disobedient

bad

impish

misbehaved

mischievous

refractory

wayward

wicked

worthless

2.

obscene

improper

lewd

ribald

risqu´e

smutty

vulgar

nausea

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:zi:ə, -ʒə, -si:ə, -ʃə]

[K.K.:ˈnɔziə, -ʒə, -siə, -ʃə]

n.

作呕;恶心;反胃

nausea *

nausea
Nausea is the condition of feeling sick and the feeling that you are going to vomit.

- I was overcome with a feeling of nausea.

N-UNCOUNT

nausea

noun

sickness

biliousness

queasiness

retching

squeamishness

vomiting

nauseate

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:zi:ˌeɪt, -ʒi:-, -si:-, -ʃi:-]

[K.K.:ˈnɔziˌet, -ʒi-, -si-, -ʃi-]

vt.

使恶心,作呕

nauseating

adj.

nauseated

[ˈnɔ:zieitid]

adj.

作呕的,厌恶的

nauseating

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:zi:ˌeɪtɪŋ, -ʒi:-, -si:-, -ʃi:-]

[K.K.:ˈnɔziˌetɪŋ, -ʒi-, -si-, -ʃi-]

adj.

令人恶心的;使人厌恶的

nauseate

nauseate nauseates nauseating nauseated
If something nauseates you, it makes you feel as if you are going to vomit.

- The smell of frying nauseated her.

- She could not eat anything without feeling nauseated.

VB
= sicken

nauseating

nauseating
If you describe someone's attitude or their behaviour as nauseating , you mean that you find it extremely unpleasant and feel disgusted by it.

- The judge described the offences as nauseating and unspeakable.

- For them to attack the Liberals for racism is not just nauseating hypocrisy, it is pure, cynical opportunism.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= sickening

nauseate

verb

sicken

disgust

offend

repel

repulse

revolt

turn one's stomach

nauseous

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:ʃəs, -zi:əs]

[K.K.:ˈnɔʃəs, -ziəs]

adj.

令人作呕的

讨厌的

nauseous

nauseous
If you feel nauseous , you feel as if you want to vomit.

- If the patient is poorly nourished, the drugs make them feel nauseous.

- A nauseous wave of pain broke over her.

ADJ-GRADED
= queasy

nauseous

adjective

sickening

abhorrent

disgusting

distasteful

nauseating

offensive

repugnant

repulsive

revolting

nautical

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:tɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈnɔtɪkəl]

adj.

与船舶、海员、航海有关的

nautical *

nautical
Nautical means relating to ships and sailing.

- ...a nautical chart of the region you sail.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

nautical

adjective

maritime

marine

naval

nautical mile

nautical mile nautical miles
A nautical mile is a unit of measurement used at sea. It is equal to 1852 metres.
N-COUNT

naval

[D.J.:ˈneivəl]

[K.K.:ˈnevəl]

adj.

海军的

naval ***

naval
Naval means belonging to, relating to, or involving a country's navy.

- He was the senior serving naval officer.

- ...the US naval base at Guantanamo Bay.

ADJ: ADJ n

naval

adjective

nautical

marine

maritime

nave

[D.J.:neɪv]

[K.K.:nev]

n.

教堂正厅，本堂；中央部,车轮的中心部

nave

nave naves
The nave of a church is the long central part where people gather to worship.
N-COUNT

navel

[D.J.:ˈneɪvəl]

[K.K.:ˈnevəl]

n.

脐,肚脐

navel *

navel navels
Your navel is the small hollow just below your waist at the front of your body.
N-COUNT

navel-gazing

navel-gazing
If you refer to an activity as navel-gazing , you are critical of it because people are thinking about something for a long time but take no action on it.

- She dismisses the reform process as an exercise in collective navel gazing.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

navigability

n.

适航性,耐航性

navigable

[D.J.:ˈnævɪgəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈnævɪɡəbəl]

adj.

(水域)可航行〔通航〕的

(船只、飞机等)可领航的;可操纵的

navigability

n.

(河、海和船舶等的)适航性

navigable

navigable
A navigable river is wide and deep enough for a boat to travel along safely. (FORMAL)

- ...the navigable portion of the Nile.

- ...the Tiber, which was then still navigable.

ADJ

navigable

adjective

1.

passable

clear

negotiable

unobstructed

2.

sailable

controllable

dirigible

navigate

[D.J.:ˈnævɪˌgeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈnævɪˌɡet]

vt. & vi.

给(船舶、飞机等)引航;导航

vt.

(从海上、空中等)横越;横渡;飞跃

navigation

[D.J.:ˌnæviˈɡeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌnævɪˈɡeʃən]

n.

航行(学); 航海(术), 航空(术)

导航, 领航

navigate *

1. navigate navigates navigating navigated
When someone navigates a ship or an aircraft somewhere, they decide which course to follow and steer it there.

- Captain Cook was responsible for safely navigating his ship without accident for 100 voyages.

- The purpose of the visit was to navigate into an ice-filled fiord.

- ...the new navigation system which will enable aircraft to navigate with total pinpoint accuracy.

V-ERG

2. navigation navigations

- The expedition was wrecked by bad planning and poor navigation.

- ...the boat's navigation system.

N-VAR

3. navigate navigates navigating navigated
When a ship or boat navigates an area of water, it sails on or across it.

- ...a lock system to allow sea-going craft to navigate the upper reaches of the river...

- Such boats can be built locally and, because they have a shallow draught, can navigate on the Nile.

VB
= sail

4. navigate navigates navigating navigated
When someone in a car navigates , they decide what roads the car should be driven along in order to get somewhere.

- When travelling on fast roads at night it is impossible to drive and navigate at the same time.

- ...the relief at successfully navigating across the Golden Gate Bridge to arrive here...

- They had just navigated their way through Maidstone on their way to the coast.

VB

5. navigate navigates navigating navigated
When fish, animals, or insects navigate somewhere, they find the right direction to go and travel there.

- In tests, the bees navigate back home after being placed in a field a mile away.

VB

6. navigate navigates navigating navigated
If you navigate an obstacle, you move carefully in order to avoid hitting the obstacle or hurting yourself.

- He was not able to walk without a cane and could only navigate steps backwards.

- In the corridors he let her navigate her own way round the trolleys and other obstacles.

- If guests wished to use the sofa, they had first to navigate around chairs in the middle of the room.

VB
= negotiate

7. navigate navigates navigating navigated
If you manage to navigate a difficult situation, you deal with it successfully. (WRITTEN)

- During childhood each of us has to navigate a pathway through a series of developmental stages.

- This outlook helped her to navigate through her later years with success.

VB

navigation *

navigation
You can refer to the movement of ships as navigation .

- Pack ice around Iceland was becoming a threat to navigation.

N-UNCOUNT
See also navigate .

navigate

verb

sail

drive

guide

handle

manoeuvre

pilot

steer

voyage

navigation

noun

sailing

helmsmanship

seamanship

voyaging

navigational

adj.

航行的,航海的

navigational

navigational
Navigational means relating to the act of navigating a ship or an aircraft.

- The pilot said the crash was a direct result of inadequate navigational aids.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

navigator

[D.J.:ˈnævɪˌgeɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈnævɪˌɡetɚ]

n.

(船或飞机的)领航员

navigator *

1. navigator navigators
The navigator on an aircraft or ship is the person whose job is to work out the direction in which the aircraft or ship should be travelling.

- He became an RAF navigator during the war.

N-COUNT

2. navigator navigators
In the past, a navigator was an explorer who travelled by sea.
N-COUNT

navigator

noun

pilot

mariner

seaman

navvy

[D.J.:ˈnævi]

[K.K.:ˈnævi]

n.

工人,挖土机

navvy

navvy navvies
A navvy is a person who is employed to do hard physical work, for example building roads or canals. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...a blackened young navvy, swinging a pickaxe in the sweating tunnel.

N-COUNT

navvy

noun

labourer

worker

workman

navy

[D.J.:ˈneivi]

[K.K.:ˈnevi]

n.

海军

navy ****

1. navy navies
A country's navy consists of the people it employs to fight at sea, and the ships they use.

- The government announced an order for three Type 23 frigates for the Royal Navy yesterday.

- Her own son was also in the Navy.

- ...a United States navy ship.

N-COUNT: usu the N

2. navy navies
Something that is navy or navy-blue is very dark blue.

- When I was a fashion editor, I mostly wore white shirts and black or navy trousers.

- ...a navy-blue blazer.

COLOUR

navy

noun

fleet

armada

flotilla

nay

[D.J.:neɪ]

[K.K.:ne]

adv.

不但如此, 而且

否, 不

n.

反对票;投反对票者

nay

1. nay
You use nay in front of a stronger word or phrase which you feel is more correct than the one you have just used and helps to emphasize the point you are making. (FORMAL)

- He was grateful for and proud of his son's remarkable, nay, unique performance.

- Long essays, nay, whole books have been written on this.

ADV: ADV with cl/group emphasis
= indeed

2. nay
Nay is sometimes used to mean `no' when talking about people voting against something or refusing to give consent for something.

- The House of Commons can merely say yea or nay to the executive judgment.

CONVENTION

3. nay
Nay is an old-fashioned, literary, or dialect word for `no'.
CONVENTION formulae
= no

Nazi

[D.J.:ˈnɑ:tsi:, ˈnæt-]

[K.K.:ˈnɑtsi, ˈnæt-]

n.

(德国的)纳粹党员

Nazify

vt.

使纳粹化

Nazism

n.

纳粹主义

Nazify

[ˈnɑ:tsifai]

vt.

使纳粹化

Nazism

[D.J.:ˈnɑ:tsizəm,ˈnæt-]

[K.K.:ˈnɑtˌsɪzəm, ˈnæt-]

n.

纳粹主义,德国国家社会主义

Nazi ***

1. Nazi Nazis
The Nazis were members of the right-wing political party, led by Adolf Hitler, which held power in Germany from 1933 to 1945.
N-COUNT

2. Nazi
You use Nazi to say that something relates to the Nazis.

- ...the rise of the Nazi Party.

- ...the Nazi occupation of the Channel Islands.

ADJ

Nazism *

Nazism
Nazism was the political ideas and activities of the German Nazi Party.
N-UNCOUNT

NB

abbr.

Narrow-Band 窄(频)带

NB

abbr.

Narrow-Band 窄(频)带

NB *

NB
You write NB to draw someone's attention to what you are about to say or write.

- NB The opinions stated in this essay do not necessarily represent those of the Church of God Missionary Society.

NCO

abbr.

(=noncom) Non-Commissioned Officer 军士

NCO

abbr.

(=noncom) Non-Commissioned Officer 军士

NCO

NCO NCOs
An NCO is a soldier who has a fairly low rank such as sergeant or corporal. NCO is an abbreviation for `non-commissioned officer'.

- Food for the ordinary Soviet troops and NCOs was very poor.

N-COUNT

-nd

-nd
-nd is added to written numbers ending in 2, except for numbers ending in 12, in order to form ordinal numbers.

- ...22nd February.

- ...2nd edition.

SUFFIX

NE

abbr.

North-East 东北

North-Estern 东北的

NE

abbr.

North-East 东北

North-Estern 东北的

NE

NE
NE is a written abbreviation for north-east .

- ...on the NE outskirts of Bath.

neanderthal

1. neanderthal
Neanderthal people lived in Europe between 35,000 and 70,000 years ago.

- Neanderthal man was able to kill woolly mammoths and bears.

- ...the late Neanderthal age.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. neanderthal neanderthals
You can refer to people from the Neanderthal period as Neanderthals .

- The Neanderthals were very robust and quite different from us.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. neanderthal
If you describe people's, especially men's, ideas or ways of behaving as Neanderthal , you disapprove of them because they are very old-fashioned and uncivilized.

- Let us deal with the question of his notoriously Neanderthal attitude to women.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= uncouth

4. neanderthal neanderthals
If you call a man a neanderthal , you disapprove of him because you think he behaves in a very uncivilized way.

- In fact, many sympathized with me for having to put up with such a neanderthal of a boss.

- ...drunken neanderthals.

N-COUNT disapproval

near

[D.J.:niə]

[K.K.:nɪr]

adv.

(空间)在近处; 在附近

(时间)临近, 来临

(程度)几乎, 差不多, 将近

prep.

(表示位置)靠近, 在…附近

(表示时间)将近, 快到, 临近

(表示程度)接近, 近乎, 濒临

(表示关系)与…近似; 与…紧密相关

(表示过程)到…去从事活动

(表示数目)大约, 接近

adj.

近的; 不远的

亲密的; 近亲的

近似, 相似

vt. & vi.

接近; 靠近

nearness

[D.J.:ˈnɪənɪs]

[K.K.:ˈnɪrnɪs]

n.

(距离、时间等)近,接近

(关系的)亲密,密切

near *****

1. near
If something is near a place, thing, or person, it is a short distance from them.

- Don't come near me.

- Her children went back every year to stay in a farmhouse near the cottage.

- He drew his chair nearer the fire.

- Some of the houses nearest the bridge were on fire.

PREP

2. near
Also an adverb.

- He crouched as near to the door as he could.

- She took a step nearer to the barrier.

- As we drew near, I saw that the boot lid was up.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, be ADV, oft ADV to n

3. near
Also an adjective.

- He collapsed into the nearest chair.

- Where's the nearest telephone?.

- He went back into the bedroom, slipped into the nearer bed, and said goodnight.

- The nearer of the two barges was perhaps a mile away.

ADJ-SUPERL; ADJ-COMPAR: ADJ n, the ADJ of n

4. nearness

- He was suddenly aware of his nearness.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

5. near
If someone or something is near to a particular state, they have almost reached it.

- After the war, The House of Hardie came near to bankruptcy.

- The repairs to the Hafner machine were near to completion.

- Apart from anything else, he comes near to contradicting himself.

PHR-PREP: PREP n/-ing
= close

6. near
Near means the same as near to .

- He was near tears.

- For almost a month he lay near death.

- We are no nearer agreement now than in the past.

PREP
= close to

7. near
If something is similar to something else, you can say that it is near to it.

- It combined with the resinous cedar smell of the logs to produce a sickening sensation that was near to nausea.

PHR-PREP
= similar

8. near
Near means the same as near to .

- Often her feelings were nearer hatred than love.

PREP

9. near
You describe the thing most similar to something as the nearest thing to it when there is no example of the thing itself.

- It would appear that the legal profession is the nearest thing to a recession-proof industry.

- He is the nearest to a dead cert that Britain has in Albertville.

ADJ-SUPERL: the ADJ n to n, the ADJ to n

10. near
If a time or event draws near , it will happen soon. (WRITTEN)

- The time for my departure from Japan was drawing nearer every day.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, be ADV

11. near
If something happens near a particular time, it happens just before or just after that time.

- Performance is lowest between 3 a.m. and 5 a.m, and reaches a peak near midday.

- `Since I retired to this place,' he wrote near the end of his life, `I have never been out of these mountains.'.

- I'll tell you nearer the day.

PREP

12. near
You use near to say that something is a little more or less than an amount or number stated.

- ...to increase manufacturing from about 2.5 million cars a year to nearer 4.75 million...

- The pound, which ended last year near its annual low, is expected to come under renewed pressure today.

PREP

13. near
You can say that someone will not go near a person or thing when you are emphasizing that they refuse to see them or go there.

- He will absolutely not go near a hospital.

- I'm so annoyed with her that I haven't been near her for a week.

PREP: with brd-neg emphasis

14. near nearer nearest
The near one of two things is the one that is closer.

- ...a mighty beech tree on the near side of the little clearing...

- Jane put one foot in the near stirrup and turned to look at the stranger.

ADJ-GRADED: det ADJ n
≠ far

15. near
You use near to indicate that something is almost the thing mentioned.

- She was believed to have died in near poverty on the French Riviera.

- ...the 48-year-old who was brought in to rescue the bank from near collapse.

ADJ: ADJ n

16. near
Also an adverb.

- ...his near fatal accident two years ago...

- The picture beneath was near lifesize.

ADV: ADV adj

17. near
In a contest, your nearest rival or challenger is the person or team that is most likely to defeat you.

- He completed the lengthy course some three seconds faster than his nearest rival, Jonathon Ford.

- That victory put the Ukrainians beyond the reach of their nearest challengers, Dynamo Moscow.

ADJ-SUPERL: ADJ n

18. near nears nearing neared
When you near a place, you get quite near to it. (LITERARY)

- As he neared the stable, he slowed the horse and patted it on the neck.

- We were nearing the top of the pass to Tsagochen Thang when the van spluttered and died.

VB: no passive
= approach

19. near nears nearing neared
When someone or something nears a particular stage or point, they will soon reach that stage or point.

- His age was hard to guess -- he must have been nearing fifty.

- You are nearing the end of your training and you haven't attempted any assessments yet.

- The project is taking a long time but is now nearing completion.

VB: no passive
= approach

20. near nears nearing neared
You say that an important time or event nears when it is going to occur quite soon. (LITERARY)

- As half time neared, Hardyman almost scored twice.

- This factor will come increasingly to the fore as election day nears.

VB
= approach

21. near
People sometimes refer to their close relatives and friends as their nearest and dearest .

- ...that English convention of not showing your feelings, even to your nearest and dearest.

PHR
= kith and kin

22. near
You use near and far to indicate that you are referring to a very large area or distance.

- People would gather from near and far.

- Within months his reputation spread near and far.

PHR

23. near
If you say that something will happen in the near future , you mean that it will happen quite soon.

- The controversy regarding vitamin C is unlikely to be resolved in the near future.

PHR

24. near
You use nowhere near and not anywhere near to emphasize that something is not the case.

- They are nowhere near good enough.

- It was nowhere near as painful as David had expected.

- The state pension is nowhere near enough.

PHR: usu PHR adj, PHR n emphasis
= not nearly

25. near
If you want to indicate that something is almost true, you can use the expressions near enough and damned near . In British English, you can also say as near as dammit . (INFORMAL)

- I bought them for a pound apiece, near enough.

- They are as near as dammit new.

- As a second lieutenant, he had to salute damned near everybody.

PHR

26. near
If you want to indicate that something almost happened, you can use the expression damned near . In British English, you can also say as near as dammit . (INFORMAL)

- He damned near fooled me.

- As he was to tell Miranda later, he as near as dammit left it there.

PHR: PHR before v

near

adjective

1.

close

adjacent

adjoining

nearby

neighbouring

2.

forthcoming

approaching

imminent

impending

in the offing

looming

nigh

upcoming

nearness

noun

closeness

accessibility

availability

handiness

proximity

vicinity

nearby

[D.J.:ˈniəbai]

[K.K.:ˈnɪrˈbaɪ]

adj.

附近的; 不远的

adv.

附近地; 近旁地

nearby ***

1. nearby
If something is nearby, it is only a short distance away.

- He might easily have been seen by someone who lived nearby.

- He spoke softly to a couple standing nearby.

- There is less expensive accommodation nearby.

- There were one or two suspicious looks from nearby.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV, from ADV also near by , near-by .

2. nearby
Also an adjective.

- At a nearby table a man was complaining in a loud voice.

- Arthur had some connection with the nearby village of Crowthorne.

ADJ: ADJ n also near by , near-by .
≠ distant

nearby

adjective

neighbouring

adjacent

adjoining

convenient

handy

near death experience

near death experience near death experiences
A near death experience is a strange experience that some people who have nearly died say they had when they were unconscious.

- A recent Gallup poll revealed that 20 million Americans claimed to have had near-death experiences.

N-COUNT

Near East

Near East
The Near East is the same as the Middle East .
N-PROPER: the N

nearly

[D.J.:ˈniəli]

[K.K.:ˈnɪrli]

adv.

几乎; 差不多

nearly ****

1. nearly
Nearly is used to indicate that something is not quite the case, or not completely the case.

- Goldsworth stared at me in silence for nearly twenty seconds.

- Hunter knew nearly all of this already.

- Several times Thorne nearly fell.

- I nearly had a heart attack when she told me.

- The beach was nearly empty.

- They nearly always ate outside.

ADV-GRADED: ADV group, ADV before v
= almost practically

2. nearly
Nearly is used to indicate that something will soon be the case.

- It was already nearly eight o'clock.

- I was nearly asleep.

- The voyage is nearly over.

- You're nearly there.

- I've nearly finished the words for your song.

ADV-GRADED: ADV group, ADV before v
= almost

3. nearly
You use not nearly to emphasize that something is not the case.

- Father's flat in Paris wasn't nearly as grand as this.

- Minerals in general are not nearly so well absorbed as other nutrients.

- British car workers did not earn nearly enough money to buy the products they were turning out.

PHR: PHR adj/adv, PHR n emphasis
= nowhere near

nearly

adverb

almost

approximately

as good as

just about

practically

roughly

virtually

well-nigh

nearly new

nearly new
Nearly new items are items for sale that have belonged to another person but have not been used much and are still in very good condition. A nearly new shop sells nearly new items.

- ...nearly new cars.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

near miss

1. near miss near misses
You can say that there is a near miss when something is nearly hit by another thing, for example by a vehicle or a bomb.

- Details have been given of a near miss between two airliners over southern England earlier this week.

- We've had a few near misses in the raids, as I expect you've noticed.

N-COUNT also near-miss .
= narrow escape

2. near miss near misses
A near miss is an attempt to do something which fails by a very small amount.

- ...throughout Milan's successful defence of the European Cup and near-miss in the Italian championship last season.

N-COUNT also near-miss .

nearside

n.

靠近的一边,左侧

adj.

靠人行道的

nearside

1. nearside
The nearside wheels, lights, or doors of a vehicle are those nearest the edge of the road when the vehicle is being driven on the correct side of the road. In Britain, the nearside is on the left. (BRIT)

- The nearside front tyre had been slashed.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ offside

2. nearside
The nearside of a vehicle is the side that is nearest the edge of the road when the vehicle is being driven on the correct side of the road. (BRIT)

- It hit the kerb on the nearside and seemed to ricochet across the road on two wheels.

N-SING: the N
≠ offside

near-sighted

adj.

近视的

near-sighted

near-sighted
Someone who is near-sighted cannot see distant things clearly. (AM; ALSO BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- The girl squinted at the photograph. She seemed to be nearsighted.

ADJ-GRADED also nearsighted .
= short-sighted ≠ long-sighted

near-sighted

adjective

short-sighted

myopic

neat

[D.J.:ni:t]

[K.K.:nit]

adj.

整洁的; 爱整洁的

利索的, 简洁的

(酒)纯的, 不掺水的

neatly

[D.J.:ˈni:tlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈnitlɪ]

adv.

整洁地,干净地

灵巧地,利索地

恰好地,极好地

neatness

[D.J.:ˈni:tnɪs]

[K.K.: ˈnitnɪs]

n.

整洁;干净

neat ***

1. neat neater neatest
A neat place, thing, or person is tidy and smart, and has everything in the correct place.

- So they left her in the neat little house, alone with her memories.

- She undressed and put her wet clothes in a neat pile in the corner.

- ...a girl in a neat grey flannel suit...

- Everything was neat and tidy and gleamingly clean.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ shabby scruffy

2. neatly

- He folded his paper neatly and sipped his coffee.

- At the door was a neatly dressed, dignified man.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= tidily

3. neatness

- The grounds were a perfect balance between neatness and natural wildness.

N-UNCOUNT
= tidiness

4. neat neater neatest
Someone who is neat keeps their home or possessions tidy, with everything in the correct place.

- `That's not like Alf,' he said, `leaving papers muddled like that. He's always so neat.'

ADJ-GRADED
= tidy ≠ untidy slovenly

5. neatly

- I followed her into that room which her mother had maintained so neatly.

- He had maybe a thousand tapes, all neatly labelled and catalogued.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= tidily

6. neatness

- ...a paragon of neatness, efficiency and reliability.

N-UNCOUNT
= tidiness

7. neat neater neatest
A neat object, part of the body, or shape is quite small and has a smooth outline.

- ...a faded woman with neat features.

- ...neat handwriting.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ irregular

8. neatly

- She was a small woman, slender and neatly made.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed

9. neat neater neatest
A neat movement or action is done accurately and skilfully, with no unnecessary movements.

- A neat move between Black and Keane left Nigel Clough in the clear, but his shot skimmed wide of the far post.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= nifty ≠ clumsy

10. neatly

- He watched her peel and dissect a pear neatly, no mess, no sticky fingers.

- ...watching a solitary car backing out neatly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
≠ clumsily

11. neat neater neatest
A neat way of organizing, achieving, explaining, or expressing something is clever and convenient.

- It had been such a neat, clever plan.

- Neat solutions are not easily found to these issues.

- `Make the punishment fit the crime.' How neat and tidy it sounded.

ADJ-GRADED
= nice

12. neatly

- Real people do not fit neatly into these categories.

- The theory that personality is determined by our biology neatly lets everyone off the hook.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= nicely

13. neatness

- He knew full well he had been outflanked, and he appreciated the neatness of it.

N-UNCOUNT

14. neat neater neatest
If you say that something is neat , you mean that it is very good. (AM, INFORMAL)

- `Oh, those new apartments are really neat,' the girl babbled on.

- It'll be neat to have a father and son playing on the same team.

- He thought Mick was a really neat guy.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= great cool

15. neat
When someone drinks strong alcohol neat , they do not add a weaker liquid such as water to it. (mainly BRIT; in AM use straight )

- He poured himself a brandy and swallowed it neat.

- He took a mouthful of neat whisky, and coughed.

ADJ: v n ADJ, ADJ n
= straight

neat

adjective

1.

tidy

orderly

shipshape

smart

spick-and-span

spruce

systematic

trim

2.

elegant

adept

adroit

deft

dexterous

efficient

graceful

nimble

skilful

stylish

3.

straight

pure

undiluted

unmixed

neatly

adverb Of alcoholic drinks

1.

tidily

daintily

fastidiously

methodically

smartly

sprucely

systematically

2.

elegantly

adeptly

adroitly

deftly

dexterously

efficiently

expertly

gracefully

nimbly

skilfully

neatness

noun

1.

tidiness

daintiness

orderliness

smartness

spruceness

trimness

2.

elegance

adroitness

deftness

dexterity

efficiency

grace

nimbleness

skill

style

nebula

[D.J.:ˈnebjələ]

[K.K.:ˈnɛbjələ]

n.

星云

星云状的星系

nebulae

n.

星云

nebula

nebula nebulae
A nebula is a cloud of dust and gas in space. New stars are produced from nebulae.

- ...the Great Nebula.

N-COUNT: oft in names

nebulous

[D.J.:ˈnebjələs]

[K.K.:ˈnɛbjələs]

adj.

云雾状的,星云的

朦胧的,模糊的

nebulous

nebulous
If you describe something as nebulous , you mean that it is vague and not clearly defined or not easy to describe.

- The notions we children were able to form of the great world beyond were exceedingly nebulous.

- Music is such a nebulous thing.

ADJ-GRADED
= vague

nebulous

adjective

vague

confused

dim

hazy

imprecise

indefinite

indistinct

shadowy

uncertain

unclear

necessarily

[D.J.:ˈnesisərili]

[K.K.:ˌnɛsɪˈsɛrəli, -ˈsɛr-]

adv.

必要地, 必需地

必定地; 必然地

necessarily ***

1. necessarily
If you reply ` Not necessarily ', you mean that what has just been said or suggested may not be true.

- Anger is not necessarily the most useful or acceptable reaction to such events.

- Speed and safety are not necessarily incompatible.

- A higher fee does not necessarily mean a better course.

- `He was lying, of course.' --- `Not necessarily.'.

- `So we're trapped.' --- `Not necessarily.'

CONVENTION vagueness

2. necessarily
If you say that something necessarily happens or is the case, you mean that it has to happen or be the case and cannot be any different.

- Brookman & Langdon were said to manufacture the most desirable pens and these necessarily command astonishingly high prices.

- Tourism is an industry that has a necessarily close connection with governments.

ADV: ADV before v, ADV group
= inevitably

necessarily

adverb

certainly

automatically

compulsorily

incontrovertibly

inevitably

inexorably

naturally

of necessity

undoubtedly

necessaries

n.

必需品

necessary

[D.J.:ˈnesisəri]

[K.K.:ˈnɛsɪˌsɛri]

adj.

必要的; 必需的

必然的; 不可避免的

n.

必需品

necessary ****

1. necessary
Something that is necessary is needed in order for something else to happen.

- I kept the engine running because it might be necessary to leave fast.

- We will do whatever is necessary to stop them.

- Is that really necessary?.

- Make the necessary arrangements.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
= required ≠ unnecessary

2. necessary
A necessary consequence or connection must happen or exist, because of the nature of the things or events involved.

- Wastage was no doubt a necessary consequence of war.

- Scientific work is differentiated from art by its necessary connection with the idea of progress.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. necessary necessaries
Necessaries are things, such as food or clothing, that you need to have in order to live. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...a small parcel of necessaries tied up in a handkerchief and carried on a stick.

N-PLURAL
= necessities ≠ luxuries

4. necessary
If you say that something will happen if necessary , when necessary , or where necessary , you mean that it will happen if it is necessary, when it is necessary, or where it is necessary.

- If necessary, the airship can stay up there for days to keep out of danger.

- The army needs men who are willing to fight, when necessary.

- All the rigging had been examined, and renewed where necessary.

PHR: PHR with cl

necessary

adjective

1.

needed

compulsory

essential

imperative

indispensable

mandatory

obligatory

required

requisite

vital

2.

certain

fated

inescapable

inevitable

inexorable

unavoidable

necessitate

[D.J.:niˈsesiteit]

[K.K.:nəˈsɛsɪˌtet]

vt.

使…成为必要, 需要

necessitating

迫使

necessitate *

necessitate necessitates necessitating necessitated
If something necessitates an event, action, or situation, it makes it necessary. (FORMAL)

- A prolonged drought had necessitated the introduction of water rationing.

- Frank was carrying out fuel-system tests which necessitated turning the booster pumps off.

VB
= require

necessitate

verb

compel

call for

coerce

constrain

demand

force

impel

oblige

require

necessities

必需品

necessity

[D.J.:niˈsesiti]

[K.K.:nəˈsɛsɪti]

n.

必要(性); (迫切)需要

必需品

自然规律

necessity **

1. necessity
If you say that something is of necessity the case, you mean that it is the case because nothing else is possible or practical in the circumstances. (FORMAL)

- There is agreement on the necessity of reforms.

- As soon as the necessity for action is over the troops must be withdrawn.

- Most women, like men, work from economic necessity.

- Some people have to lead stressful lifestyles out of necessity.

- The assembly line of necessity kept moving.

- Negotiations between the enemies are of necessity indirect.

PHR: usu PHR before v, PHR n/adj/adv
= inevitably

2. necessity necessities
A necessity is something that you must have in order to live properly or do something.

- Water is a basic necessity of life.

- ...food, fuel and other daily necessities.

N-COUNT
= essential ≠ luxury

3. necessity necessities
A situation or action that is a necessity is necessary and cannot be avoided.

- The President pleaded that strong rule from the centre was a regrettable, but temporary necessity.

N-COUNT: usu sing

necessities

plural noun

essentials

exigencies

fundamentals

needs

requirements

necessity

noun

1.

inevitability

compulsion

inexorableness

obligation

2.

need

desideratum

essential

fundamental

prerequisite

requirement

requisite

sine qua non

neck

[D.J.:nek]

[K.K.:nɛk]

n.

颈, 脖子

领圈, 领口

necked

[D.J.:nekt]

[K.K.:nɛkt]

adj.

收缩的,缩小的

necking

[D.J.:ˈnekiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈnɛkɪŋ]

n.

柱头,圆柱颈部的花边装饰,〈美口〉搂脖子亲嘴

neck ***

1. neck necks
Your neck is the part of your body which joins your head to the rest of your body.

- She threw her arms round his neck and hugged him warmly.

- He was short and stocky, and had a thick neck.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

2. neck necks
The neck of an article of clothing such as a shirt, dress, or sweater is the part which surrounds your neck.

- ...the low, ruffled neck of her blouse...

- He wore a blue shirt open at the neck.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. neck necks
The neck of something such as a bottle or a guitar is the long narrow part at one end of it.

- Catherine gripped the broken neck of the bottle.

- ...cancer of the neck of the womb.

N-COUNT: usu the N of n

4. neck necks necking necked
If two people are necking , they are kissing each other in a sexual way. (INFORMAL)

- They sat talking and necking in the car for another ten minutes.

- I found myself behind a curtain, necking with my best friend's wife.

V-RECIP: usu cont
= snog

5. neck
If a horse wins a race by a neck , it wins by a very small distance.

- Cee En Cee went on to win by a neck from Leigh Crofter.

N-SING: usu by a N

6. neck
If you say that someone is breathing down your neck , you mean that they are watching you very closely and checking everything you do.

- Most farmers have bank managers breathing down their necks.

PHR: V and N inflect

7. neck
In a competition, especially an election, if two or more competitors are neck and neck , they are level with each other and have an equal chance of winning.

- The latest polls indicate that the two main parties are neck and neck.

- The Communists are running absolutely neck-and-neck with the Christian Democrats.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft PHR with n

8. neck
If you say that someone is risking their neck , you mean they are doing something very dangerous, often in order to achieve something.

- I won't have him risking his neck on that motorcycle.

PHR: V and N inflect

9. neck
To save someone's neck means to prevent them from losing their job or harming their reputation.

- He had enough friends in the right places to save his neck and cover up for him.

- He said the President was making a last ditch attempt to save his own neck.

PHR: V and N inflect

10. neck
If you stick your neck out , you bravely say or do something that might be criticized or might turn out to be wrong. (INFORMAL)

- During my political life I've earned myself a reputation as someone who'll stick his neck out, a bit of a rebel.

PHR: V and N inflect

11. neck
If you say that you have something round your neck or around your neck , you mean that it is your responsibility and it causes you a lot of worry.

- No-one should start working life with a debt round their neck.

- It's a legacy which will hang around the country's neck for some time to come.

PHR: N inflects

12. neck
If you say that someone is in some sort of trouble or criminal activity up to their neck , you mean that they are deeply involved in it. (INFORMAL)

- The black market was flourishing, everybody was corrupt, in it up to their necks.

- He is probably up to his neck in debt.

PHR: N inflects

13. neck
Someone or something that is from your neck of the woods is from the same part of the country as you are. (INFORMAL)

- It's so good to see you. What brings you to this neck of the woods?

PHR: usu in PHR

neckerchief

[D.J.:ˈnekətʃif]

[K.K.:ˈnɛkətʃɪf, -ˌtʃif]

n.

围巾,颈巾

neckerchief

neckerchief neckerchiefs
A neckerchief is a piece of cloth which is folded to form a triangle and worn round your neck.
N-COUNT

necklace

[D.J.:ˈneklis]

[K.K.:ˈnɛklɪs]

n.

项链

necklace *

1. necklace necklaces
A necklace is a piece of jewellery such as a chain or a string of beads which someone, usually a woman, wears round their neck.

- ...a diamond necklace and matching earrings.

N-COUNT

2. necklace necklaces necklacing necklaced
To necklace someone means to kill them by putting a tyre soaked in petrol around their neck and then setting fire to it.

- Alleged strike breakers had their houses petrol-bombed or were hacked to death or necklaced.

VB

3. necklacing necklacings

- ...the gruesome practice of necklacing.

N-VAR

neckline

[D.J.:ˈnekˌlaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈnɛkˌlaɪn]

n.

(女装的)领口,开领

neckline

neckline necklines
The neckline of a dress, blouse, or other piece of clothing is the edge that goes around your neck, especially the front part of it.

- ...a short brown dress with a plunging neckline.

- ...a dress with pale pink roses around the neckline.

N-COUNT: oft supp N
= neck

necktie

[D.J.:ˈnekˌtaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈnɛkˌtaɪ]

n.

领带;领结

necktie

necktie neckties
A necktie is a narrow piece of cloth that someone, usually a man, puts under his shirt collar and ties so that the ends hang down in front.
N-COUNT
= tie

necromancer

[ˈnekrəumænsə]

n.

巫师

necromancy

[D.J.:ˈnekrəˌmænsi:]

[K.K.:ˈnɛkrəˌmænsi]

n.

(招亡魂问卜的)巫术,通灵术

魔术,妖术

necromancer

n.

necromancy

necromancy
Necromancy is magic that some people believe brings a dead person back to this world so that you can talk to them. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

necromancy

noun

magic

black magic

divination

enchantment

sorcery

witchcraft

wizardry

necrophilia

[D.J.:ˌnekrəˈfiliə]

[K.K.:ˌnɛkrəˈfɪliə]

n.

恋尸狂,恋尸癖

necrophilia

necrophilia
Necrophilia is the act of having sexual intercourse with a dead body, or the desire to do this.
N-UNCOUNT

necropolis

[D.J.:nəˈkrɔpəlɪs, ne-]

[K.K.:nəˈkrɑpəlɪs, nɛ-]

n.

(古代的)大墓地

necropolis

necropolis necropolises
A necropolis is a place where dead people are buried. (FORMAL)

- ...a small Etruscan museum and necropolis 3 km east of the village.

N-COUNT

necropolis

noun

cemetery

burial ground

churchyard

graveyard

necrosis

[D.J.:neˈkrəusis]

[K.K.:nəˈkrosɪs, nɛ-]

n.

坏疽,骨疽

necrosis

necrosis
Necrosis is the death of part of someone's body, for example because it is not getting enough blood. (MEDICAL)

- Disseminated clotting cuts off the blood supply to tissues, causing focal necrosis.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

nectar

[D.J.:ˈnektə]

[K.K.:ˈnɛktɚ]

n.

花蜜

(古希腊、罗马神话中的)众神饮的酒;琼浆玉液

甘美的饮料,甘露

nectared

adj.

<古>充满美酒的;芳香甜蜜的

nectared

[ˈnektəd]

adj.

有花蜜的,甘美的

nectar *

1. nectar
Nectar is a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.
N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. nectar
If you refer to a drink, especially an alcoholic drink, as nectar , you think it tastes very nice. (LITERARY)

- Tony sipped from his glass. `Mmm. Ambrosia. Nectar of the gods. Divine. Wonderful.'

N-UNCOUNT approval

nectarine

[D.J.:ˈnektərin]

[K.K.:ˌnɛktəˈrin]

n.

油桃

nectarine

nectarine nectarines
A nectarine is a round, juicy fruit which is similar to a peach but has a smooth skin.
N-COUNT

n´ee

n´ee
You use n´ee after a married woman's name and before you mention the surname she had before she got married. (FORMAL)

- Lady Helen Taylor (n´ee Windsor) chose a Catherine Walker gown for her wedding last year.

also nee .
= born

need

[D.J.:ni:d]

[K.K.:nid]

vt.

需要; 必须

aux.v.

必须

n.

需要, 需求

责任, 必要

需要的东西

贫穷; 困窘

needs

[D.J.:ni:dz]

[K.K.:nidz]

adv.

(现与must前后连用)必须,一定,务必

need *****

( Need sometimes behaves like an ordinary verb, for example `She needs to know' and `She doesn't need to know' and sometimes like a modal, for example `She need know', `She needn't know', or, in more formal English, `She need not know.')

1. need needs needed
If you need something, or need to do something, you cannot successfully achieve what you want or live properly without it.

- He desperately needed money.

- These diets provide everything your body needs.

- I need to make a phone call.

- A baby does not need to wear shoes until he starts to walk.

- I need you to do something for me.

- I need you here, Wally.

- I need you sane and sober.

VB: no cont

2. need needs
Also a noun.

- Charles has never felt the need to compete with anyone.

- ...the child who never had his need for attention and importance satisfied.

- ...the special nutritional needs of the elderly, babies and children.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N to-inf, N for n

3. need needs needed
If an object or place needs something doing to it, that action should be done to improve the object or place. If a task needs doing, it should be done to improve a particular situation.

- The building needs quite a few repairs.

- ...a garden that needs tidying...

- The taste of vitamins is not too nice so the flavour sometimes needs to be disguised.

VB: no cont

4. need
If there is a need for something, that thing would improve a situation or something cannot happen without it.

- Mr Forrest believes there is a need for other similar schools throughout Britain.

- `I think we should see a specialist.' --- `I don't think there's any need for that.'.

- There's no need for you to stay.

N-SING: usu with supp, oft N for n, N to-inf

5. need
If you say that someone needn't do something, you are telling them not to do it, or advising or suggesting that they should not do it.

- `I'll put the key in the window.' --- `You needn't bother,' he said gruffly.

- Look, you needn't shout.

- She need not know I'm here.

MODAL: with neg

6. need needs needed
Also a verb.

- Well, for Heaven's sake, you don't need to apologize.

- Come along, Mother, we don't need to take up any more of Mr Kemp's time.

VB: no cont, with neg

7. need
If you tell someone that they needn't do something, or that something needn't happen, you are telling them that that thing is not necessary, in order to make them feel better.

- You needn't worry.

- This needn't take long, Simon.

- Buying budget-priced furniture needn't mean compromising on quality or style.

- Loneliness can be horrible, but it need not remain that way.

- He need never drink again if he doesn't want to.

MODAL: with brd-neg

8. need needs needed
Also a verb.

- He replied, with a reassuring smile, `Oh, you don't need to worry about them.'.

- You don't need to be a millionaire to consider having a bank account in Switzerland.

VB: no cont, with neg

9. need
You use needn't when you are giving someone permission not to do something.

- You needn't come again, if you don't want to.

- Well, you needn't tell me anything if you don't want to.

MODAL: with neg

10. need needs needed
Also a verb.

- You don't need to wait for me.

- Mommy, you don't need to stay while we talk.

VB: no cont

11. need
If something need not be true, it is not necessarily true or not always true. (FORMAL)

- What is right for us need not be right for others.

- Freedom need not mean independence.

MODAL: with neg

12. need
If someone needn't have done something, it was not necessary or useful for them to do it, although they did it.

- She could have made the sandwich herself; her mum needn't have bothered to do anything.

- I was a little nervous when I announced my engagement to Grace, but I needn't have worried.

- We spent a hell of a lot of money that we needn't have spent.

MODAL: with neg

13. need needs needed
If someone didn't need to do something, they needn't have done it.

- You didn't need to give me any more money you know, but thank you.

VB: no cont, with neg

14. need
You use need in expressions such as I need hardly say and I needn't add to emphasize that the person you are talking to already knows what you are going to say.

- I needn't add that if you fail to do as I ask, you will suffer the consequences.

MODAL: oft with brd-neg emphasis

15. need needs needed
Also a verb.

- I hardly need to say that I have never lost contact with him.

VB: no cont

16. need
You can use need in expressions such as ` Need I say more ' and ` Need I go on ' when you want to avoid stating an obvious consequence of something you have just said.

- Mid-fifties, short black hair, grey moustache, distinctive Russian accent. Need I go on?

MODAL

17. need
People in need do not have enough of essential things such as money, food, or good health.

- The new Children Act places an enhanced duty on education authorities to provide for children in need.

- Remember that when both of you were in need, I was the one who loaned you money.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
= needy

18. need
If you are in need of something, you need it or ought to have it.

- I was all right but in need of rest.

- He was badly in need of a shave.

- The house was in need of modernisation when they bought it.

PHR: PHR n

19. need
If you say that you will do something, especially an extreme action, if need be , you mean that you will do if it is necessary. In British English, you can also say if needs be .

- They will now seek permission to take their case to the House of Lords, and, if need be, to the European Court of Human Rights.

PHR: PHR with cl
= if necessary

20. need
You can tell someone that there's no need for them to do something as a way of telling them not to do it or of telling them to stop doing it, for example because it is unnecessary. (SPOKEN)

- There's no need to call a doctor.

- There's no need for that kind of language in this magazine.

- `I'm going to come with you.' --- `Now look, Sue, there's no need.'

PHR: oft PHR to-inf, PHR for n

21. need
You can say ` Who needs something?' as a way of emphasizing that you think that this thing is unnecessary or not useful. (INFORMAL)

- With apologies to my old history teacher, who needs history lessons?.

- Cigarettes, who needs them?

PHR: PHR n

need

verb

1.

require

call for

demand

entail

lack

miss

necessitate

want

noun

2.

poverty

deprivation

destitution

inadequacy

insufficiency

lack

paucity

penury

shortage

3.

requirement

demand

desideratum

essential

requisite

4.

emergency

exigency

necessity

obligation

urgency

want

needed

adjective

necessary

called for

desired

lacked

required

wanted

needful

[D.J.:ˈni:dful]

[K.K.:ˈnidfəl]

n.

必要的事物

钱

needful

needful
Needful means necessary. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- The section of society most needful of such guidance is the young male.

- ...stoppages for needful rest and recreation.

ADJ-GRADED
= required

needful

adjective

necessary

essential

indispensable

needed

required

requisite

stipulated

vital

needle

[D.J.:ˈni:dl]

[K.K.:ˈnidl]

n.

针

针状物

needled

针刺的

needles

折页顶针

needling

[ˈni:dliŋ]

n.

横撑支托

needle **

1. needle needles
A needle is a small, very thin piece of polished metal which is used for sewing. It has a sharp point at one end and a hole in the other for a thread to go through.
N-COUNT

2. needle needles
Knitting needles are thin sticks that are used for knitting. They are usually made of plastic or metal and have a point at one end.
N-COUNT: usu supp N

3. needle needles
A needle is a thin hollow metal rod with a sharp point, which is part of a medical instrument called a syringe. It is used to put a drug into someone's body, or to take blood out.
N-COUNT

4. needle needles
A needle is a thin metal rod with a point which is put into a patient's body during acupuncture.
N-COUNT

5. needle needles
On a record player, the needle is the small pointed device that touches the record and picks up the sound signals.

- She took the needle off the record and turned the lights out.

N-COUNT
= stylus

6. needle needles
On an instrument which measures something such as speed or weight, the needle is the long strip of metal or plastic on the dial that moves backwards and forwards, showing the measurement.

- She kept looking at the dial on the boiler. The needle had reached 250 degrees.

N-COUNT

7. needle needles
The needles of a fir or pine tree are its thin, hard, pointed leaves.

- The carpet of pine needles was soft underfoot.

N-COUNT: usu pl

8. needle needles needling needled
If someone needles you, they annoy you continually, especially by criticizing you.

- Blake could see he had needled Jerrold, which might be unwise.

VB
= niggle

needle

verb

irritate

annoy

get on one's nerves informal

goad

harass

nag

pester

provoke

rile

taunt

needle exchange

needle exchange needle exchanges
A needle exchange is a place where drug addicts are able to obtain new syringes in exchange for used ones.

- ...needle exchange schemes.

N-COUNT also needle-exchange .

needless

[D.J.:ˈni:dlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈnidlɪs]

adj.

不需要的;不必要的

needless to say

当然；不用说

needlessly

adv.

不需要地,不必要地

needlessness

n.

不需要,不必要

needlessly

[D.J.:ˈni:dlɪslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈnidlɪslɪ]

adv.

不必要地;无用地

needless *

1. needless
Something that is needless is completely unnecessary.

- But his death was so needless.

- `I have never knowingly exposed any patient to needless risks,' he said.

ADJ-GRADED

2. needlessly

- Half a million women die needlessly each year during childbirth.

- He said something to me so mean, so needlessly cruel.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. needless
You use needless to say when you want to emphasize that what you are about to say is obvious and to be expected in the circumstances.

- Our budgie got out of its cage while our cat was in the room. Needless to say, the cat moved quicker than me and caught it.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis
= of course

needless

adjective

unnecessary

gratuitous

groundless

pointless

redundant

superfluous

uncalled-for

unwanted

useless

needlework

[D.J.:ˈni:dlˌwɜ:k]

[K.K.:ˈnidl..ˌwə..k]

n.

缝纫;刺绣;针线活

needlework

1. needlework
Needlework is sewing or stitching that is done by hand.

- She did beautiful needlework and she embroidered table napkins.

N-UNCOUNT

2. needlework
Needlework is the activity of sewing or stitching.

- ...watching my mother and grandmothers doing needlework.

N-UNCOUNT
= sewing

needlework

noun

embroidery

needlecraft

sewing

stitching

tailoring

needn't

[D.J.:ˈni:dnt]

[K.K.:ˈnidnt]

need not之缩写

needn't

needn't
Needn't is the usual spoken form of need not .

needy

[D.J.:ˈni:di:]

[K.K.:ˈnidi]

adj.

贫穷的;贫困的

needy *

1. needy needier neediest
Needy people do not have enough food, medicine, or clothing, or adequate houses.

- ...a multinational force aimed at ensuring that food and medicine get to needy Somalis.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= impoverished

2. needy
The needy are people who are needy.

- There will be efforts to get larger amounts of food to the needy.

N-PLURAL: the N

needy

adjective

poor

deprived

destitute

disadvantaged

impoverished

penniless

poverty-stricken

underprivileged

nefarious

[D.J.:nəˈfeəri:əs]

[K.K.:nəˈfɛriəs]

adj.

极坏的;恶毒的

nefarious

nefarious
If you describe an activity as nefarious , you mean that it is wicked and immoral. (LITERARY)

- Why make a whole village prisoner if it was not to some nefarious purpose?

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= heinous

nefarious

adjective

wicked

criminal

depraved

evil

foul

heinous

infernal

villainous

neg

abbr.

negative 否定的

neg

abbr.

negative 否定的

neg.

neg.
Neg. is a written abbreviation for negative .

= negative

negate

[D.J.:nɪˈgeɪt]

[K.K.:nɪˈɡet]

vt.

取消, 使无效

否定;否认

negate *

1. negate negates negating negated
If one thing negates another, it causes that other thing to lose the effect or value that it had. (FORMAL)

- These weaknesses negated his otherwise progressive attitude towards the staff.

VB
= nullify ≠ confirm

2. negate negates negating negated
If someone negates something, they say that it does not exist. (FORMAL)

- He warned that to negate the results of elections would only make things worse.

VB
= repudiate ≠ affirm

negate

verb

1.

invalidate

annul

cancel

countermand

neutralize

nullify

obviate

reverse

wipe out

2.

deny

contradict

disallow

disprove

gainsay archaic or literary

oppose

rebut

refute

negation

[D.J.:nɪˈgeɪʃən]

[K.K.:nɪˈɡeʃən]

n.

<正> ①反面;对立面

否定;否认

取消;无效

negation

1. negation
The negation of something is its complete opposite or something which destroys it or makes it lose its effect. (FORMAL)

- Unintelligible legislation is the negation of the rule of law and of parliamentary democracy.

N-SING: N of n

2. negation
Negation is disagreement, refusal, or denial. (FORMAL)

- The editor grimaced, gesturing in negation.

- Irena shook her head, but in bewilderment, not negation.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ affirmation

negation

noun

1.

cancellation

neutralization

nullification

2.

denial

contradiction

converse

disavowal

inverse

opposite

rejection

renunciation

reverse

negative

[D.J.:ˈneɡətiv]

[K.K.:ˈnɛɡətɪv]

adj.

拒绝的; 怀疑的; 不同意的

消极的, 非建设性的

无预期结果的

〈数〉负的; 〈电〉阴的, 负的

n.

否定词语, 否定的观点; 拒绝; 否认

negatively

[D.J.:ˈne gətɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈn ɛɡətɪvlɪ]

adv.

否定地;消极地;取消地

负地;负电性地

negatives

负数

negativity

[neɡəˈtiviti]

n.

否定性,消极性

negative ***

1. negative
A fact, situation, or experience that is negative is unpleasant, depressing, or harmful.

- The news from overseas is overwhelmingly negative.

- All this had an extremely negative effect on the criminal justice system.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ positive

2. negatively

- This will negatively affect the result over the first half of the year.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. negative
If someone is negative or has a negative attitude, they consider only the bad aspects of a situation, rather than the good ones.

- When asked for your views about your current job, on no account must you be negative about it.

- Why does the media present such a negative view of this splendid city?

ADJ-GRADED
≠ constructive

4. negatively

- A few weeks later he said that maybe he viewed all his relationships rather negatively.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v

5. negativity

- I loathe negativity. I can't stand people who moan.

N-UNCOUNT

6. negative
A negative reply or decision indicates the answer `no'.

- Dr Velayati gave a vague but negative response.

- Upon a negative decision, the applicant loses the protection offered by Belgian law.

- The Tory response to that was negative.

ADJ
≠ affirmative

7. negatively

- 60 percent of the sample answered negatively.

- Stein shook his head slowly, negatively.

ADV: ADV after v

8. negative negatives
A negative is a word, expression, or gesture that means `no' or `not'.

- In the past we have heard only negatives when it came to following a healthy diet.

N-COUNT

9. negative
In grammar, a negative clause contains a word such as `not', `never', or `no-one'.
ADJ

10. negative
If a medical test or scientific test is negative , it shows no evidence of the medical condition or substance that you are looking for.

- So far 57 have taken the test and all have been negative.

- ...negative test results.

ADJ
≠ positive

11. negative negatives
In photography, a negative is an image that shows dark areas as light and light areas as dark. Negatives are made from a camera film, and are used to print photographs.
N-COUNT

12. negative
A negative charge or current has the same electrical charge as an electron.

- Stimulate the injury or site of greatest pain with a small negative current.

ADJ
≠ positive

13. negatively

- As these electrons are negatively charged they will attempt to repel each other.

ADV: ADV -ed

14. negative
A negative number, quantity, or measurement is less than zero.

- Difficult texts record a positive score and simple ones score negative numbers.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= minus

15. negative
If an answer is in the negative , it is `no' or means `no'.

- The Council answered those questions in the negative.

- Seventy-nine voted in the affirmative, and none in the negative.

PHR: PHR after v

16. negative
If a sentence is in the negative , it contains a word such as `not', `never', or `no-one'.

- `I went' in the negative is `I did not go'.

PHR: v-link PHR

negative

adjective

1.

contradictory

contrary

denying

dissenting

opposing

refusing

rejecting

resisting

2.

pessimistic

cynical

gloomy

jaundiced

uncooperative

unenthusiastic

unwilling

noun

3.

contradiction

denial

refusal

negative equity

negative equity
If someone who has borrowed money to buy a house or flat has negative equity , the amount of money they owe is greater than the present value of their home. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

neglect

[D.J.:niˈɡlekt]

[K.K.:nɪˈɡlɛkt]

vt.

疏忽; 忽略; 遗漏

n.

忽略, 疏忽, 玩忽

被忽略的状态

neglected

[niˈɡlektid]

adj.

被忽视的

neglect **

1. neglect neglects neglecting neglected
If you neglect someone or something, you fail to look after them properly.

- The woman denied that she had neglected her child.

- Feed plants and they grow, neglect them and they suffer.

- ...an ancient and neglected church.

VB

2. neglect
Also a noun.

- The town's old quayside is collapsing after years of neglect.

- Niwano's business began to suffer from neglect.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ attention

3. neglect neglects neglecting neglected
If you neglect someone or something, you fail to give them the amount of attention that they deserve.

- He'd given too much to his career, worked long hours, neglected her.

- If you are not careful, children tend to neglect their homework.

VB
= overlook

4. neglected

- The fact that she is not coming today makes her grandmother feel lonely and neglected.

- ... a neglected aspect of London's forgotten history...

- The journal she had begun lay neglected on her bedside table.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, ADJ n, ADJ after v
= uncared-for

5. neglect neglects neglecting neglected
If you neglect to do something that you ought to do or neglect your duty, you fail to do it.

- We often neglect to make proper use of our bodies.

- They never neglect their duties, and they care for their children conscientiously.

VB

neglect

verb

1.

disregard

disdain

ignore

overlook

rebuff

scorn

slight

spurn

2.

forget

be remiss

evade

omit

pass over

shirk

skimp

noun

3.

disregard

disdain

inattention

indifference

4.

negligence

carelessness

dereliction

failure

laxity

oversight

slackness

neglected

adjective

1.

abandoned

derelict

overgrown

2.

disregarded

unappreciated

underestimated

undervalued

neglectful

[D.J.:nɪˈglektfəl]

[K.K.:nɪˈɡlɛktfəl]

adj.

疏忽的,不注意的

neglectful

1. neglectful
If you describe someone as neglectful , you think they fail to do everything they should do to look after someone or something properly.

- Children who are neglected tend to become neglectful parents.

ADJ-GRADED
= uncaring

2. neglectful
If someone is neglectful of something, they do not give it the attention or consideration that it should be given.

- Have I been neglectful of my friend, taking him for granted?

ADJ-GRADED: oft v-link ADJ of n
= careless

neglectful

adjective

careless

heedless

inattentive

indifferent

lax

negligent

remiss

thoughtless

uncaring

negligee

[D.J.:ˌneglɪˈʒeɪ, ˈneglɪˌʒeɪ]

[K.K.:ˌnɛɡlɪˈʒe, ˈnɛɡlɪˌʒe]

n.

(轻柔质料的)女便服

negligee

negligee negligees
A negligee is a very thin garment which a woman wears over her nightclothes.

- ...a pink satin negligee.

N-COUNT also n´eglig´ee .

negligence

[D.J.:ˈneɡlidʒəns]

[K.K.:ˈnɛɡlɪdʒəns]

n.

疏忽, 玩忽

不修边幅

negligence *

negligence
If someone is guilty of negligence , they have failed to do something which they ought to do. (FORMAL)

- The soldiers were ordered to appear before a disciplinary council on charges of negligence.

N-UNCOUNT

negligence

noun

carelessness

dereliction

disregard

inattention

indifference

laxity

neglect

slackness

thoughtlessness

negligent

[D.J.:ˈneglɪdʒənt]

[K.K.:ˈnɛɡlɪdʒənt]

adj.

疏忽的;粗心大意的

不拘泥的;不计较的;不在乎的;随便的;无所谓的

negligent *

1. negligent
If someone in a position of responsibility is negligent , they do not do something which they ought to do.

- The jury determined that the airline was negligent in training and supervising the crew.

- The Council had acted in a negligent manner.

ADJ-GRADED
= neglectful

2. negligently

- A manufacturer negligently made and marketed a car with defective brakes.

ADV: ADV with v

3. negligent
If you describe a person's movements or manner as negligent , you mean that they look relaxed and informal. (LITERARY)

- Laura acknowledged this compliment with a negligent wave of her left hand.

- She stood in the doorway, one hand above her head in a negligent pose.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= nonchalant

4. negligently

- He had not moved from his chair at the desk where he slouched, arms negligently spread over his papers.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= nonchalantly

negligent

adjective

careless

forgetful

heedless

inattentive

neglectful

remiss

slack

slapdash

thoughtless

unthinking

negligible

[D.J.:ˈneɡlidʒəbl]

[K.K.:ˈnɛɡlɪdʒəbəl]

adj.

可忽略的, 无足轻重的

negligible *

negligible
An amount or effect that is negligible is so small that it is not worth considering or worrying about.

- The pay that the soldiers received was negligible.

- Senior managers are convinced that the strike will have a negligible impact.

ADJ-GRADED
= insignificant ≠ significant

negligible

adjective

insignificant

imperceptible

inconsequential

minor

minute

small

trifling

trivial

unimportant

negotiable

[D.J.:nɪˈgəʊʃəbəl, -ʃi:ə-]

[K.K.:nɪˈɡoʃəbəl, -ʃiə-]

adj.

可谈判的;可协商的;可商量的

(票据)可兑现的

negotiable *

1. negotiable
Something that is negotiable can be changed or agreed when people discuss it.

- He warned that his economic programme for the country was not negotiable.

- The Manor is for sale at a negotiable price.

ADJ
≠ fixed

2. negotiable
Contracts or assets that are negotiable can be transferred to another person in exchange for money.

- The bonds may no longer be negotiable.

- ...negotiable bearer bonds.

ADJ

3. negotiable
An area of land that is negotiable is easy to travel across.

- Parts of the road had been washed away by streams, but it was negotiable.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

negotiable

adjective

debatable

variable

negotiate

[D.J.:niˈɡəuʃieit]

[K.K.:nɪˈɡoʃiˌet]

vt. & vi.

谈判; 协商; 议定

vt.

兑现(支票等)

negotiating

n.

谈判

negotiate ****

1. negotiate negotiates negotiating negotiated
If people negotiate with each other or negotiate an agreement, they talk about a problem or a situation such as a business arrangement in order to solve the problem or complete the arrangement.

- It is not clear whether the president is willing to negotiate with the democrats.

- When you have two adversaries negotiating, you need to be on neutral territory.

- The local government and the army negotiated a truce.

- Western governments have this week urged him to negotiate and avoid force.

- The South African president has negotiated an end to white-minority rule.

- His publishing house had just begun negotiating for her next books.

- There were reports that three companies were negotiating to market the drug.

V-RECIP

2. negotiate negotiates negotiating negotiated
If you negotiate an area of land, a place, or an obstacle, you successfully travel across it or around it.

- Frank Mariano negotiates the desert terrain in his battered pickup.

- I negotiated the corner on my motorbike and pulled to a stop.

- I negotiated my way out of the airport and joined the flow of cars.

VB
= navigate

negotiate

verb

1.

deal

arrange

bargain

conciliate

debate

discuss

mediate

transact

work out

2.

get round

clear

cross

get over

get past

pass

surmount

negotiating table *

negotiating table
If you say that people are at the negotiating table , you mean that they are having discussions in order to settle a dispute or reach an agreement.

- `We want to settle all matters at the negotiating table,' he said.

- The decision to return to the negotiating table marks an early victory for trade unions.

N-SING: usu the N

negotiation

[D.J.:nɪˌgəʊʃi:ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:nɪˌɡoʃiˈeʃən]

n.

协商, 谈判

完成(难事);通过

negotiation ****

negotiation negotiations
Negotiations are formal discussions between people who have different aims or intentions, especially in business or politics, during which they try to reach an agreement.

- Warren said, `We have had meaningful negotiations and I believe we are very close to a deal.'.

- After 10 years of negotiation, the Senate has ratified the strategic arms reduction treaty.

N-VAR
= discussion

negotiation

noun

bargaining

arbitration

debate

diplomacy

discussion

mediation

transaction

wheeling and dealing informal

negotiator

[D.J.:nɪˈgəʊʃɪeɪtə(r)]

[K.K.:nɪˈɡoʃɪˌetɚ]

n.

磋商者;交涉者

出售者;交易者;转让者

negotiator **

negotiator negotiators
Negotiators are people who take part in political or financial negotiations.

- On Thursday night the rebels' chief negotiator at the peace talks announced that dialogue had gone as far as it could go.

- The two American negotiators are calling for substantial cuts in external subsidies.

N-COUNT

negotiator

noun

mediator

ambassador

delegate

diplomat

honest broker

intermediary

moderator

Negress

[D.J.:ˈni:ɡris]

[K.K.:ˈniɡrɪs]

n.

女黑人; 黑人女子

Negress

Negress Negresses
A Negress is a woman with dark skin who comes from Africa or whose ancestors came from Africa. (OLD-FASHIONED, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT
= black woman

Negro

[ˈni:ɡrəu]

n.

黑种人; 黑人

adj.

黑人的

Negro *

Negro Negroes
A Negro is someone with dark skin who comes from Africa or whose ancestors came from Africa. (OLD-FASHIONED, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT

negroid

[ˈni:ɡrɔid]

adj.

黑人似的

negroid

negroid
Negroid physical features are those that are typical of black people who come from African countries below the Sahara desert.

- ...negroid hair.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

neigh

[D.J.:neɪ]

[K.K.:ne]

n.

马嘶声

vi.

(马)嘶

neigh

1. neigh neighs neighing neighed
When a horse neighs , it makes a loud sound with its mouth.

- The mare neighed once more, turned and disappeared amongst the trees.

VB
= whinny

2. neigh neighs
Also a noun.

- The horse gave a loud neigh.

N-COUNT
= whinny

neighbour

[D.J.:ˈneibə]

[K.K.:ˈnebɚ]

n.

邻居

邻近的人[物]; 邻国

neighbour ***

1. neighbour neighbours
Your neighbour is someone who lives near you.

- I got chatting with my neighbour in the garden.

N-COUNT: oft poss N (AM) neighbor

2. neighbour neighbours
You can refer to the person who is standing or sitting next to you as your neighbour .

- The woman prodded her neighbour and whispered urgently in his ear.

N-COUNT: oft poss N (AM) neighbor

3. neighbour neighbours
You can refer to something which stands next to something else of the same kind as its neighbour .

- Each house was packed close behind its neighbour.

N-COUNT: usu poss N (AM) neighbor

4. neighbour neighbours
A country's neighbour is a country that is next to it.

- Relations with its southern neighbour, China, are seen as crucial for Mongolia.

N-COUNT: usu poss N (AM) neighbor

neighbourhood

[ˈneibəhud]

n.

地区; 某地区的人; 与某处邻近的地区

neighbourhood **

1. neighbourhood neighbourhoods
A neighbourhood is one of the parts of a town where people live.

- It seemed like a good neighbourhood to raise my children.

N-COUNT (AM) neighborhood
= area

2. neighbourhood neighbourhoods
The neighbourhood of a place or person is the area or the people around them.

- He was born and grew up in the Flatbush neighbourhood of Brooklyn.

- I feel a part of my immediate neighbourhood.

N-COUNT (AM) neighborhood
= vicinity

3. neighbourhood
In the neighbourhood of a number means approximately that number.

- He's won in the neighbourhood of four million dollars.

- Its speed is probably in the neighbourhood of 380mph or even more.

PHR-PREP: PREP amount (AM) neighborhood
= roughly about

4. neighbourhood
A place in the neighbourhood of another place is near it.

- ...the loss of woodlands in the neighbourhood of large towns.

PHR: PHR n (AM) neighborhood
= close to by

neighbourhood

noun

district

community

environs

locale

locality

quarter

region

vicinity

neighbouring

[D.J.:ˈneɪbərɪŋ]

[K.K.: ˈnebərɪŋ]

adj.

邻近的

neighbouring **

neighbouring
Neighbouring places or things are near other things of the same kind.

- Rwanda is to hold talks with leaders of neighbouring countries next week.

- ...the hotel's boutique and neighboring shops.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) neighboring

neighbouring

adjective

nearby

adjacent

adjoining

bordering

connecting

near

next

surrounding

neighbourly

[D.J.:ˈneɪbəlɪ]

adj.

友善的;(尤指)睦邻友好的

neighbourliness

n.

neighbourly

1. neighbourly
If the people who live near you are neighbourly , they are friendly and helpful. If you live in a neighbourly place, it has a friendly atmosphere.

- The noise would have provoked alarm and neighbourly concern.

- The older people had stopped being neighbourly to each other.

- ...a small, neighbourly seaside resort.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) neighborly

2. neighbourliness

- The head of state said his country had always attached great importance to good neighbourliness.

N-UNCOUNT

neighbourly

adjective

helpful

considerate

friendly

harmonious

hospitable

kind

obliging

sociable

neither

[D.J.:ˈni:ðə]

[K.K.:ˈniðɚ, ˈnaɪ-]

adj.

(两者)都不的

pron.

两者都不

adv.

也不

conj.

不

neither ****

1. neither
You use neither in front of the first of two or more words or expressions when you are linking two or more things which are not true or do not happen. The other thing is introduced by `nor'.

- Professor Hisamatsu spoke neither English nor German.

- The play is neither as funny nor as disturbing as Tabori thinks it is.

CONJ-COORD-NEG

2. neither
You use neither to refer to each of two things or people, when you are making a negative statement that includes both of them.

- At first, neither man could speak.

DET-NEG

3. neither
Also a quantifier.

- Neither of us felt like going out.

QUANT-NEG

4. neither
Also a pronoun.

- They both smiled; neither seemed likely to be aware of my absence for long.

PRON-NEG

5. neither
If you say that one person or thing does not do something and neither does another, what you say is true of all the people or things that you are mentioning.

- I never learned to swim and neither did they.

- Britain does not agree and neither do Denmark, Portugal and Ireland.

CONJ-COORD-NEG
= nor

6. neither
You use neither after a negative statement to emphasize that you are introducing another negative statement. (FORMAL)

- I can't ever recall Dad hugging me. Neither did I sit on his knee.

CONJ-COORD-NEG
= nor

7. neither
If you say that something is neither here nor there , you mean that it does not matter because it is not a relevant point.

- `I'd never heard of her before I came here.' --- `That is neither here nor there.'.

- Whether or not he realised the fact was neither here nor there.

PHR: v-link PHR

nemesis

[D.J.:ˈnemɪsɪs]

[K.K.:ˈnɛmɪsɪs]

n.

公正的惩罚;天罚;不可逃避的惩罚;报应

nemesis

nemesis
The nemesis of a person or thing is a situation, event, or person which causes them to be seriously harmed, especially as a punishment.

- He believes AIDS is our collective nemesis.

- Yet the imminent crisis in its balance of payments may be the President's nemesis.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

nemesis

noun

retribution

destiny

destruction

fate

vengeance

neo-

[ni:əu]

pref.

表示“新,新近”之义

neo-

neo-
Neo- is used with nouns to form adjectives and nouns that refer to modern versions of styles and political groups that existed in the past.

- ...10ft high neo-Victorian gates...

- The neo-Socialists were a small right wing group.

PREFIX

neoclassical

[ˈni:əuklæsikəl]

adj.

新古典主义的

neoclassical *

neoclassical
Neoclassical architecture or art is from the late 18th century and uses designs from Roman and Greek architecture and art.

- The building was erected between 1798 and 1802 in the neoclassical style of the time.

ADJ also neo-classical .

neolithic

[D.J.:ˌni:əˈliθik]

[K.K.:ˌniəˈlɪθɪk]

adj.

新石器时代的

neolithic

neolithic
Neolithic is used to describe things relating to the period when people had started farming but still used stone for making weapons and tools.

- ...neolithic culture.

- ...the monument was Stone Age or Neolithic.

ADJ

neologism

[D.J.:ni:ˈɔləˌdʒɪzəm]

[K.K.:niˈɑləˌdʒɪzəm]

n.

新词;旧词新义

新词〔新义〕的使用

neologist

n.

新词〔新义〕的创造者〔使用者〕

neologist

[ni:ˈɔlədʒist,niˈɔlədʒist]

n.

新语创造者,新语使用者,新教义信奉者

neologism

neologism neologisms
A neologism is a new word or expression in a language, or a new meaning for an existing word or expression. (TECHNICAL)

- The newspaper used the neologism `dinks', Double Income No Kids.

N-COUNT
= new word

neon

[D.J.:ni:ən]

[K.K.:ˈniˌɑn]

n.

〈化〉氖

neon *

1. neon
Neon lights or signs are made from glass tubes filled with neon gas which produce a bright electric light.

- In the city squares the neon lights flashed in turn.

- ...neon slogans which light up the city by night.

ADJ: ADJ n
= fluorescent

2. neon
Neon is a gas which occurs in very small amounts in the atmosphere.

- Inert gases like neon and argon have eight electrons in their outer shell.

N-UNCOUNT

neonatal

[D.J.:ˌni:əuˈneitəl]

[K.K.:ˌnioˈnetl]

adj.

新生的,初生的

neonate

[D.J.:ˈni:əˌneɪt]

[K.K.:ˈniəˌnet]

n.

新生儿〔哺乳动物〕

neonatal

adj.

neonatal

neonatal
Neonatal means relating to the first few days of life of a new born baby.

- ...the neonatal intensive care unit.

ADJ: ADJ n

neo-Nazi

[D.J.:ˌni:əuˈnɑ:tsi]

[K.K.:ˌnioˈnɑtsi, -ˈnæt-]

n.

新纳粹主义分子

neo-Nazi *

neo-Nazi neo-Nazis
Neo-Nazis are people who admire Adolf Hitler and the beliefs of the right-wing party which he led in Germany from 1933 to 1945.
N-COUNT: oft N n

neophyte

[D.J.:ˈni:əˌfaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈniəˌfaɪt]

n.

初学者;新手

新近改变信仰或皈依某宗教的人

neophyte

neophyte neophytes
A neophyte is someone who is new to a particular activity. (FORMAL)

- ...the self-proclaimed political neophyte Ross Perot.

N-COUNT
= novice

nephew

[D.J.:ˈnefju:]

[K.K.:ˈnɛfju]

n.

侄子, 外甥

nephew *

nephew nephews
Someone's nephew is the son of their sister or brother.

- I am planning a 25th birthday party for my nephew.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

nepotism

[D.J.:ˈnepəˌtɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈnɛpəˌtɪzəm]

n.

优待亲戚;重用亲戚;裙带关系

nepotism

nepotism
Nepotism is the unfair use of power in order to get jobs or other benefits for your family or friends.

- Many will regard his appointment as the kind of nepotism British banking ought to avoid.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

nepotism

noun

favouritism

bias

partiality

patronage

preferential treatment

nerd

[D.J.:nɜ:d]

[K.K.:nɚd]

n.

讨厌的人,卑微的人

nerd

nerd nerds
If you say that someone is a nerd , you mean that they are stupid or ridiculous, especially because they wear unfashionable clothes or show too much interest in computers or science. (INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)

- Mark claimed he was made to look a nerd.

- ...the notion that users of the Internet are all sad computer nerds.

N-COUNT disapproval

nerd nurd

noun

bore

anorak informal

dork slang

drip informal

geek informal

obsessive

trainspotter informal

wonk informal

nerdy

nerdy nerdier nerdiest
If you describe someone as nerdy , you think that they are a nerd or look like a nerd. (INFORMAL)

- The Internet is widely believed to be the preserve of nerdy types who never exercise.

- ...when a weekly magazine poked fun at the Prince's nerdy hairstyle.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

nerve

[D.J.:nə:v]

[K.K.:nɚv]

n.

神经

神经过敏; 神经紧张

勇气; 胆量

nerved

[nə:vd]

adj.

有勇气的,有精力的,有叶脉的,有翅膀的

nerving

[ˈnə:viŋ]

n.

神经切除

nerve ***

1. nerve nerves
Nerves are long thin fibres that transmit messages between your brain and other parts of your body.

- ...spinal nerves.

- ...in cases where the nerve fibres are severed.

N-COUNT

2. nerve nerves
If you refer to someone's nerves , you mean their ability to cope with problems such as stress, worry, and danger.

- Jill's nerves are stretched to breaking point.

- I can be very patient, and then I can burst if my nerves are worn out.

N-PLURAL: usu poss N

3. nerve nerves
You can refer to someone's feelings of anxiety or tension as nerves .

- I just played badly. It wasn't nerves.

N-PLURAL
= nervousness

4. nerve
Nerve is the courage that you need in order to do something difficult or dangerous.

- The brandy made him choke, but it restored his nerve.

- He never got up enough nerve to meet me.

N-UNCOUNT
= courage

5. nerve nerves nerving nerved
If you nerve yourself to do something difficult or frightening, you prepare yourself for it by trying to be brave. (WRITTEN)

- I nerved myself to face the pain.

VB
= steel

6. nerve
If someone or something gets on your nerves , they annoy or irritate you. (INFORMAL)

- Lately he's not done a bloody thing and it's getting on my nerves.

PHR: V inflects

7. nerve
If you say that someone has a nerve or has the nerve to do something, you are criticizing them for doing something which you feel they had no right to do. (INFORMAL)

- He told his critics they had a nerve complaining about Lithuania.

- He had the nerve to ask me to prove who I was.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

8. nerve
If you hold your nerve or keep your nerve , you remain calm and determined in a difficult situation.

- He held his nerve to beat Australian Sandon Stolle in a five-set thriller on Court One.

- We need to keep our nerve now.

PHR: V inflects
= keep your cool

9. nerve
If someone is living on their nerves , they are continually worried and anxious about the situation that they are in. (BRIT)

- Eileen, mother of three, had been living on her nerves for some considerable time.

PHR: V inflects

10. nerve
If you lose your nerve , you suddenly panic and become too afraid to do something that you were about to do.

- The bomber had lost his nerve and fled.

PHR: V inflects
= go to pieces lose your cool

11. nerve
If you say that you have touched a nerve or touched a raw nerve , you mean that you have accidentally upset someone by talking about something that they feel strongly about or are very sensitive about.

- Alistair saw Henry shrink, as if the words had touched a nerve.

- The mere mention of John had touched a very raw nerve indeed.

PHR: V inflects

nerve

noun

1.

bravery

bottle Brit. slang

courage

daring

fearlessness

grit

guts informal

pluck

resolution

will

2.

impudence

audacity

boldness

brazenness

cheek informal

impertinence

insolence

temerity

verb

nerve oneself

3.

brace oneself

fortify oneself

steel oneself

nerves

plural noun

tension

anxiety

butterflies (in one's stomach) informal

cold feet informal

fretfulness

nervousness

strain

stress

worry

nerve agent

nerve agent nerve agents
A nerve agent is a chemical weapon that affects people's nervous systems.
N-MASS

nerve centre

nerve centre nerve centres
The nerve centre of an organization is the place from where its activities are controlled and where its leaders meet.

- ...the building that was once the nerve centre of the Communist party.

- ...the corporation's election night nerve centre.

N-COUNT: usu with poss (AM) nerve center

nerve ending

nerve ending nerve endings
Your nerve endings are the millions of points on the surface of your body and inside it which send messages to your brain when you feel sensations such as heat, cold, and pain.
N-COUNT: usu pl

nerve gas

nerve gas nerve gases
Nerve gas is a poisonous gas used in war as a weapon.
N-MASS

nerve-racking

[D.J.:ˈnɜ:vˌrækɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈnɚvˌrækɪŋ]

adj.

伤脑筋的

nerve-racking

nerve-racking
A nerve-racking situation or experience makes you feel very tense and worried.

- The women and children spent a nerve-racking day outside waiting while fighting continued around them.

- It was more nerve-wracking than taking a World Cup penalty.

ADJ-GRADED also nerve-wracking .

nerve-racking

adjective

tense

difficult

distressing

frightening

harrowing

stressful

trying

worrying

nervous

[D.J.:ˈnə:vəs]

[K.K.:ˈnɚvəs]

adj.

神经系统的, 神经性的

害怕的; 胆小的

神经紧张的; 神经过敏的; 神经失常的

nervously

[D.J.:ˈnɜ:vəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈnə..vəslɪ]

adv.

神经质地;焦急地;提心吊胆地

nervousness

[D.J.:ˈnɜ:vəsnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈnə..vəsnɪs]

n.

神经质,焦躁,胆小

nervous ***

1. nervous
If someone is nervous , they are frightened or worried about something that is happening or might happen, and show this in their behaviour.

- The party has become deeply nervous about its prospects of winning the next election.

- She described Mr Hutchinson as nervous and jumpy after his wife's disappearance.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about/of n
= jittery ≠ calm

2. nervously

- Brunhilde stood up nervously as the men came into the room.

- Nervously clutching our glasses of chilled wine, we gathered on the terrace.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= uneasily

3. nervousness

- I smiled warmly so he wouldn't see my nervousness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. nervous
A nervous person is very tense and easily upset.

- She was apparently a very nervous woman, and that affected her career.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= tense ≠ confident

5. nervous
A nervous illness or condition is one that affects your emotions and your mental state.

- The number of nervous disorders was rising in the region.

- He developed nervous problems after people began repeatedly correcting him.

ADJ: ADJ n

nervous

adjective

apprehensive

anxious

edgy

fearful

jumpy

on edge

tense

uneasy

uptight informal

worried

nervousness

noun

anxiety

agitation

disquiet

excitability

fluster

tension

touchiness

worry

nervous breakdown *

nervous breakdown nervous breakdowns
If someone has a nervous breakdown , they become extremely depressed and cannot cope with their normal life.

- His wife would not be able to cope and might suffer a nervous breakdown.

N-COUNT

nervous system *

nervous system nervous systems
Your nervous system consists of all the nerves in your body together with your brain and spinal cord.
N-COUNT

nervous wreck

nervous wreck nervous wrecks
If you say that someone is a nervous wreck , you mean that they are extremely nervous or worried about something.

- She was a nervous wreck, crying when anyone asked her about her experience.

N-COUNT

nervy

[D.J.:ˈnɜ:vi:]

[K.K.:ˈnə..vi]

adj.

①<英><俚>神经质的;紧张不安的;焦虑的

<美><俚>有勇气的；粗鲁的;厚颜无耻的;放肆的

nervy

1. nervy
If someone is nervy , their behaviour shows that they are very tense or anxious, or they are the type of person who is easily upset. (mainly BRIT)

- Sometimes dad was nice to us, but sometimes he was bad-tempered and nervy.

- Alan was irritable, and very evidently in a nervy state.

ADJ-GRADED

2. nervy
If you say that someone is nervy , you mean that their behaviour is bold or daring. (AM)

- John liked him because he was a nervy guy and would go out and shoot anybody who John wanted him to shoot.

ADJ-GRADED

nervy

adjective

anxious

agitated

fidgety

jittery informal

jumpy

nervous

on edge

tense

twitchy informal

-ness

-ness
-ness is added to adjectives to form nouns which often refer to a state or quality. For example, `sadness' is the state of being sad and `kindness' is the quality of being kind.

- `You're a good lad, Hardcastle,' the doctor said with great seriousness.

SUFFIX

nest

[D.J.:nest]

[K.K.:nɛst]

n.

(鸟)窝, 巢

(某些动物或昆虫的)窝, 穴

温床, 庇护所

vi.

筑巢

nested

[ˈnestid]

adj.

嵌套的

nesting

[ˈnestiŋ]

n.

嵌套

nest **

1. nest nests
A bird's nest is the home that it makes to lay its eggs in.

- I can see an eagle's nest on the rocks.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

2. nest nests nesting nested
When a bird nests somewhere, it builds a nest and settles there to lay its eggs.

- Some species may nest in close proximity to each other.

- ...nesting sites.

VB

3. nest nests
A nest is a home that a group of insects or other creatures make in order to live in and give birth to their young in.

- Some solitary bees make their nests in burrows in the soil.

- ...a rat's nest.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

4. nest nests
You can refer to a place as your nest when it is your home or where you feel comfortable and relaxed.

- My wife seems to be building a nest of her own at Osborne House.

- The baby had been asleep in her nest of pink and white blankets.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

5. nest nests
You can use nest to refer to a place where something bad is being done or to the people there who are doing it.

- ...Biarritz, notorious in those days as a nest of spies...

- Are you telling me that you've got your own little nest of informers in the Police Department?

N-COUNT: N of n

6. nest
If you say that someone is feathering their nest , you mean that they are getting a lot of money out of something, so that they can lead a comfortable life.

- Mary's much more interested in doing things for other people than feathering her own nest.

PHR: V and N inflect

7. nest
When children fly the nest , they leave their parents' home to live on their own.

- When their children had flown the nest, he and his wife moved to a thatched cottage in Dorset.

PHR: V inflects
= leave home

a hornet's nest : see hornet .

nest

noun

refuge

den

haunt

hideaway

retreat

nest egg

nest egg nest eggs
A nest egg is a sum of money that you are saving for a particular purpose. (INFORMAL)

- They have a little nest egg tucked away somewhere for a rainy day.

N-COUNT: usu sing also nest-egg .

nest egg

noun

reserve

cache

deposit

fall-back

fund(s)

savings

store

nestle

[D.J.:ˈnesəl]

[K.K.:ˈnɛsəl]

vt. & vi.

舒适而温暖地安定下来

依偎

nestle up(to sb/sth)

温暖舒服地靠拢；偎依

nestling

[D.J.:ˈnestlɪŋ, ˈnes-]

[K.K.:ˈnɛstlɪŋ, ˈnɛs-]

n.

(还不能离窝的)雏鸟

nestle *

1. nestle nestles nestling nestled
If you nestle or are nestled somewhere, you move into a comfortable position, usually by pressing against someone or against something soft.

- John took one child into the crook of each arm and let them nestle against him.

- Jade nestled her first child in her arms.

V-ERG
= snuggle

2. nestle nestles nestling nestled
If something such as a building nestles somewhere, it is in that place and seems safe or sheltered.

- Nearby, nestling in the hills, was the children's home.

- She nestled the eggs safely in the straw in Jim's basket.

V-ERG

nestling

nestling nestlings
A nestling is a young bird that has not yet learned to fly.

- She fluttered around me like a mother bird at her nestlings.

- ...nestling cuckoos.

N-COUNT
= fledgling

nestle

verb

snuggle

cuddle

curl up

huddle

nuzzle

nestling

noun

chick

fledgling

net

[D.J.:net]

[K.K.:nɛt]

n.

网眼织物

网

网状系统

vt.

用网捕; 布网于

净得, 净赚

adj.

净的, 纯的

netted

[ˈnetid]

adj.

用网捕获的,网状的

netting

[D.J.:ˈnetɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈnɛtɪŋ]

n.

网

net 1 noun and verb uses ***

1. net
Net is a kind of cloth that you can see through. It is made of very fine threads woven together so that there are small equal spaces between them.
N-UNCOUNT
= netting

2. net nets
A net is a piece of netting which is used as a protective covering for something, for example to protect vegetables from birds.

- I threw aside my mosquito net, jumped out of bed and drew up the blind.

N-COUNT

3. net nets
A net is a piece of netting which is used for catching fish, insects, or animals.

- Several fishermen sat on wooden barrels, tending their nets.

N-COUNT

4. net nets netting netted
If you net a fish or other animal, you catch it in a net.

- I'm quite happy to net a fish and then let it go.

- Poachers have been netting salmon to supply the black market.

VB
= land

5. net nets
In games such as tennis, the net is the piece of netting across the centre of the court which the ball has to go over.
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

6. net nets
The net on a soccer or hockey field is the framework with netting over it which is attached to the back of the goal.

- He let the ball slip through his grasp and into the net.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing
= goal

7. net nets
In basketball, the net is the netting which hangs from the metal hoop. You score goals by throwing the ball through the hoop and netting.
N-COUNT

8. net nets netting netted
In basketball or soccer, when you net a goal, you score a goal.

- Centre half Tiler netted his first goal for the club.

VB
= score

9. net nets netting netted
If you net something, you manage to get it, especially by using skill.

- They took to the water intent on netting the £250,000 reward offered for conclusive proof of the monster's existence.

VB
= get

10. net nets netting netted
When a police operation nets a number of people or things, they catch those people or find those things.

- Secret investigations have netted ninety staff suspected of fraud and theft.

- The anti-drug sweep had netted nearly 900 kilogrammes of cocaine.

VB

11. net nets netting netted
If you net a particular amount of money, you gain it as profit after all expenses have been paid.

- Last year he netted a cool 3 million pounds by selling his holdings.

VB
= bring in take

12. net
The net is the same as the Internet .
N-SING: the N

13. net
If you cast your net wider , you look for or consider a greater variety of things.

- The security forces are casting their net wider.

PHR: V and N inflect

14. net
If criminals slip through the net , they avoid being caught by the system or trap that was meant to catch them.

- Officials fear some of the thugs identified by British police may have slipped through the net.

PHR: V inflects

15. net
You use slip through the net or fall through the net to describe a situation where people are not properly cared for by the system that is intended to help them.

- And a number of African countries, too, are slipping through the net.

- The existence of more than one agency with power to intervene can lead to children falling through the net.

PHR: V inflects

net 2 adjective and adverb uses ***

1. net
A net amount is one which remains when everything that should be subtracted from it has been subtracted.

- ...a rise in sales and net profit...

- At the year end, net assets were £18 million.

- What you actually receive is net of deductions for the airfare and administration.

ADJ: ADJ n, v-link ADJ of n (BRIT) also nett
≠ gross

2. net
Also an adverb.

- Balances of £5,000 and above will earn 11 per cent gross, 8.25 per cent net.

- ...a first year profit of around £50,000 net...

- All bank and building society interest is paid net.

ADV: amount ADV, ADV after v (BRIT) also nett

3. net
The net weight of something is its weight without its container or the material that has been used to wrap it.

- ...350 mg net weight.

ADJ: ADJ n (BRIT) also nett

4. net
A net result is a final result after all the details have been considered or included.

- We have a net gain of nearly 50 seats, the biggest for any party in Scotland.

- We will be a net exporter of motor cars in just a few years' time.

ADJ: ADJ n (BRIT) also nett
= overall

netting

netting
Netting is a kind of material made of pieces of thread or metal wires. These are woven together so that there are equal spaces between them.

- ...mosquito netting.

- ...wire netting.

N-UNCOUNT: oft supp N

net

noun

1.

mesh

lattice

netting

network

openwork

tracery

web

verb

2.

catch

bag

capture

enmesh

ensnare

entangle

trap

net nett

adjective

1.

final

after taxes

clear

take-home

verb

2.

earn

accumulate

bring in

clear

gain

make

realize

reap

netball

[ˈnetbɔ:l]

n.

类似篮球的球赛

netball

netball
In Britain and some other countries, netball is a game played by two teams of seven players, usually women. Each team tries to score goals by throwing a ball through a net on the top of a pole at each end of the court.
N-UNCOUNT

net curtain

net curtain net curtains
Net curtains are curtains made of thin cloth that people hang across their windows to stop people outside seeing into their houses in the daytime. (BRIT; in AM use sheers )
N-COUNT: usu pl

nethead

nethead netheads
If you call someone a nethead , you mean that they spend a lot of time using the Internet. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

nether

[D.J.:ˈneðə]

[K.K.:ˈnɛðɚ]

adj.

下面的,下部的

下界的, 地下的

netherworld

n.

阴间

下层社会

netherworld

阴间

nether

nether
Nether means the lower part of a thing or place. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He was escorted back to the nether regions of Main Street.

ADJ: ADJ n

nether

adjective

lower

below

beneath

bottom

inferior

under

underground

netherworld

netherworld
If you refer to a place as a netherworld , you mean that it is dangerous and full of poor people and criminals.

- ...a London netherworld of criminals...

- Waits sang about the boozy netherworld of urban America.

N-SING: usu with supp also nether world .

netiquette

[D.J.:ˈnetiket]

[K.K.:ˈnɛtɪˌkɛt, -kɪt]

n.

网上礼仪

netiquette

netiquette
Netiquette is the set of rules and customs that it is considered polite to follow when you are communicating by means of e-mail or the Internet.
N-UNCOUNT

netsurfing

1. netsurfing
Netsurfing is the activity of looking at different sites on the Internet, especially when you are not looking for anything in particular.
N-UNCOUNT

2. netsurfer netsurfers.

- Seen from a netsurfer's screen, there are plenty of stores to `visit'.

N-COUNT

nettle

[D.J.:ˈnetl]

[K.K.:ˈnɛtl..]

n.

荨麻

grasp the nettle

果断地处理棘手问题

vt.

惹怒,激怒;烦扰

nettlesome

adj.

恼人的

nettlesome

[D.J.:ˈnetlsəm]

[K.K.:ˈnɛtlsəm]

adj.

恼人的

nettle *

1. nettle nettles
Nettles are wild plants which have leaves covered with fine hairs that sting you when you touch them.

- The nettles stung their legs.

- ...numerous clumps of stinging nettles dotted across the meadow.

N-COUNT

2. nettle nettles nettling nettled
If you are nettled by something, you are annoyed or offended by it.

- He was nettled by her manner.

- It was the suggestion that he might alter course to win an election that really nettled him.

VB

3. nettle
If you grasp the nettle , you deal with a problem, or do something that is unpleasant, quickly and in a determined way. (mainly BRIT)

- Some industrialists believe the government should grasp the nettle of devaluation before the referendum takes place.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR of n/-ing

nettled

adjective

irritated

annoyed

exasperated

galled

harassed

incensed

peeved

put out

riled

vexed

network

[D.J.:ˈnetwə:k]

[K.K.:ˈnɛtˌwɚk]

n.

网状物

(电视与计算机)网络, 网状系统

广播网, 电视网

networking

[ˈnetwə:kiŋ]

n.

联网

network ****

1. network networks
A network of lines, roads, veins, or other long thin things is a large number of them which cross each other or meet at many points.

- ...Strasbourg, with its rambling network of medieval streets...

- The uterus is supplied with a rich network of blood vessels and nerves.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

2. network networks
A network of people or institutions is a large number of them that have a connection with each other and work together as a system.

- Distribution of the food is going ahead using a network of local church people and other volunteers.

- He is keen to point out the benefits which the family network can provide.

N-COUNT: usu supp N, N of n
See also old-boy network .

3. network networks
A particular network is a system of things which are connected and which operate together. For example, a computer network consists of a number of computers that are part of the same system.

- ...a computer network with 154 terminals...

- Huge sections of the rail network are out of action.

N-COUNT: oft n N
= system

See also neural network .

4. network networks
A radio or television network is a company or group of companies that broadcasts radio or television programmes throughout an area.

- An American network says it has obtained the recordings.

- ...Fuji Television Network, a highly successful commercial station.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= station

5. network networks networking networked
When a television or radio programme is networked , it is broadcast at the same time by several different television companies.

- Lumsdon would like to see his programme sold and networked.

- He had once had his own networked chat show.

VB: usu passive
= broadcast

6. network networks networking networked
If you network , you try to meet new people who might be useful to you in your job.

- In business, it is important to network with as many people as possible on a face to face basis.

VB

networking *

1. networking
Networking is the process of trying to meet new people who might be useful to you in your job, often through social activities.

- If executives fail to exploit the opportunities of networking they risk being left behind.

N-UNCOUNT

2. networking
You can refer to the things associated with a computer system or the process of establishing such a system as networking .

- Managers have learned to grapple with networking, artificial intelligence, computer-aided engineering and manufacturing.

- ...computer and networking equipment.

N-UNCOUNT
= interconnection

network

noun

system

arrangement

complex

grid

labyrinth

lattice

maze

organization

structure

web

neural

[D.J.:ˈnjuərəl]

[K.K.:ˈnʊrəl, ˈnjʊr-]

adj.

神经的

neural *

neural
Neural means relating to a nerve or to the nervous system. (MEDICAL)

- It handles information about colour, form and motion using separate neural pathways in the brain.

ADJ

neuralgia

[D.J.:njuəˈrældʒə]

[K.K.:nʊˈrældʒə, njʊ-]

n.

〈医〉神经痛

neuralgia

neuralgia
Neuralgia is very severe pain along the whole length of a nerve caused when the nerve is damaged or not working properly. (MEDICAL)

- The plant acts as a sedative in treating neuralgia.

N-UNCOUNT

neural network

neural network neural networks
In computing, a neural network is a program or system which is modelled on the human brain and is designed to imitate the brain's method of functioning, particularly the process of learning.
N-COUNT

neuro-

[ˈnjuərəu]

pref.

表示“神经”之义

neuro-

neuro-
Neuro- is used to form words that refer or relate to a nerve or the nervous system.

- ...Karl Pribram, the well-known neuro-scientist.

- ...disorders of the neuromuscular system.

PREFIX

neurological

[D.J.:ˌnjʊərəˈl ɔd ʒɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌnjʊrəˈl ɑd ʒɪkəl]

adj.

神经学的;神经病学的

neurologist

[njuəˈrɔlədʒist]

n.

神经学者,神经科专门医师

neurology

[D.J.:nʊˈrɔlədʒi:, njʊ-]

[K.K.:nʊˈrɑlədʒi, njʊ-]

n.

<医>神经病学

neurological

adj.

<医>神经病学的

neurologist

n.

<医>神经病学家

neurological *

neurological
Neurological means related to the nervous system. (MEDICAL)

- ...neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease.

ADJ: ADJ n
= nervous

neurology

1. neurology
Neurology is the study of the structure, function, and diseases of the nervous system. (MEDICAL)

- He trained in neurology at the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases.

N-UNCOUNT

2. neurologist neurologists

- ...Dr Simon Shorvon, consultant neurologist of the Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy.

N-COUNT

neuron

[D.J.:ˈnʊərˌɔn, ˈnjʊər-]

[K.K.:ˈnʊrˌɑn, ˈnjʊr-]

n.

神经元,神经细胞

neuron *

neuron neurons
A neuron is a cell which is part of the nervous system. Neurons send messages to and from the brain. (TECHNICAL)

- Information is transferred along each neuron by means of an electrical impulse.

N-COUNT also neurone .
See also motor neurone disease .

neurosis

[D.J.:nʊˈrəʊsɪs, njʊ-]

[K.K.:nʊˈrosɪs, njʊ-]

n.

<医>神经机能病,神经官能症

neurosis *

neurosis neuroses
Neurosis is a mental condition which causes people to have unreasonable fears and worries over a long period of time.

- He was anxious to the point of neurosis.

- She got a neurosis about chemicals and imagined them everywhere doing her harm.

N-VAR

neurosis

noun

obsession

abnormality

affliction

derangement

instability

maladjustment

mental illness

phobia

neurotic

[D.J.:nʊˈrɔtɪk, njʊ-]

[K.K.:nʊˈrɑtɪk, njʊ-]

adj.

神经官能症的

神经质的, 神经过敏的;极为焦虑的

neurotic *

1. neurotic
If you say that someone is neurotic , you mean that they are always frightened or worried about things that you consider unimportant.

- He was almost neurotic about being followed.

- There are also unpleasant brain effects such as anxiety and neurotic behaviour.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. neurotic neurotics
A neurotic is someone who is neurotic.

- These patients are not neurotics.

N-COUNT

neurotic

adjective

unstable

abnormal

compulsive

disturbed

maladjusted

manic

nervous

obsessive

unhealthy

neuter

[D.J.:ˈnju:tə]

[K.K.:ˈnutɚ, ˈnju-]

adj.

中性的,不及物的,(生物)无性的

n.

中性名词,无性动物,阉割动物

neuter

1. neuter neuters neutering neutered
When an animal is neutered , its reproductive organs are removed so that it cannot create babies.

- We ask the public to have their dogs neutered and keep them under close supervision.

VB: usu passive

2. neuter neuters neutering neutered
To neuter an organization, group, or person means to make them powerless and ineffective. (mainly BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- ...the Government's `hidden agenda' to neuter local authorities...

- Their air force had been neutered before the work began.

VB

3. neuter
In some languages, a neuter noun, pronoun, or adjective has a different form from a masculine or feminine one, or behaves in a different way.
ADJ

neuter

verb

castrate

doctor informal

emasculate

fix informal

geld

spay

neutral

[D.J.:ˈnju:trəl]

[K.K.:ˈnutrəl, ˈnju-]

adj.

中立的, 不偏不倚的

中立(国家)的

暗淡的; 非彩色的

(化学中)中性的

不带电的

n.

(汽车或其他机器的)空挡位置

中立人士; 中立国

neutrality

[D.J.:nu:ˈtrælɪti:, nju:-]

[K.K.:nuˈtrælɪti, nju-]

n.

中立;中立地位

<化>中性

neutral **

1. neutral
If a person or country adopts a neutral position or remains neutral , they do not support anyone in a disagreement, war, or contest.

- Let's meet on neutral territory.

- Those who had decided to remain neutral in the struggle now found themselves required to take sides.

ADJ-GRADED

2. neutral neutrals
A neutral is someone who is neutral.

- It was a good game to watch for the neutrals.

N-COUNT

3. neutrality

- ...a reputation for political neutrality and impartiality.

N-UNCOUNT

4. neutral
If someone speaks in a neutral voice or if the expression on their face is neutral , they do not show what they are thinking or feeling.

- Isabel put her magazine down and said in a neutral voice, `You're very late, darling.'.

- He told her about the death, describing the events in as neutral a manner as he could.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. neutrality

- I noticed, behind the neutrality of his gaze, a deep weariness.

N-UNCOUNT

6. neutral
If you say that something is neutral , you mean that it does not have any effect on other things because it lacks any significant qualities of its own, or it is an equal balance of two or more different qualities, amounts, or ideas.

- Three in every five interviewed felt that the Budget was neutral and they would be no better off.

ADJ-GRADED

7. neutral
If someone uses neutral language, they choose words which do not indicate that they approve or disapprove of something.

- Both sides had agreed to use neutral terms in their references to each other, avoiding controversial ones.

- He had departed from his prepared testimony, which was considered to be neutral.

ADJ-GRADED

8. neutral
Neutral is the position between the gears of a vehicle such as a car, in which the gears are not connected to the engine.

- Graham put the van in neutral and jumped out into the road.

N-UNCOUNT: oft into/in N

9. neutral
In an electrical device or system, the neutral wire is one of the three wires needed to complete the circuit so that the current can flow. The other two wires are called the earth wire and the live or positive wire.
ADJ

10. neutral neutrals
Neutral is used to describe things that have a pale colour such as cream or grey, or that have no colour at all.

- At the horizon the land mass becomes a continuous pale neutral grey, almost blending with the sky.

- Mary suggests using a neutral lip pencil.

COLOUR

11. neutral
In physics, neutral is used to describe things such as atomic particles that have neither a positive nor a negative charge.

- A neutron is simply a neutral particle in the nucleus of an atom.

ADJ

12. neutral
In chemistry, neutral is used to describe things that are neither acid nor alkaline.

- Pure water is neutral with a pH of 7.

ADJ-GRADED

neutral

adjective

1.

unbiased

disinterested

even-handed

impartial

nonaligned

nonpartisan

uncommitted

uninvolved

unprejudiced

2.

indeterminate

dull

indistinct

intermediate

undefined

neutrality

noun

impartiality

detachment

nonalignment

noninterference

noninvolvement

nonpartisanship

neutralization

[D.J.:ˌnju:trəlaiˈzeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌnutrəlɪˈzeʃən, ˌnju-]

n.

中立化,中立状态,中和

neutralize

[D.J.:ˈnu:trəˌlaɪz, ˈnju:-]

[K.K.:ˈnutrəˌlaɪz, ˈnju-]

vt.

使失效;抵消;中和

使(一个国家)中立化

neutralizing

中和

neutralize *

1. neutralize neutralizes neutralizing neutralized
To neutralize something means to prevent it from having any effect or from working properly.

- The US is trying to neutralize the resolution in the UN Security Council.

- The intruder smashed a window to get in and then neutralized the alarm system.

VB (BRIT) also neutralise
= incapacitate

2. neutralization

- ...the sale or neutralization of the suspected nuclear site.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. neutralize neutralizes neutralizing neutralized
When a chemical substance neutralizes an acid, it makes it less acid.

- Antacids are alkaline and they relieve pain by neutralizing acid in the contents of the stomach.

VB (BRIT) also neutralise

neutralize

verb

counteract

cancel

compensate for

counterbalance

frustrate

negate

nullify

offset

undo

neutron

[D.J.:ˈnu:ˌtrɔn, ˈnju:-]

[K.K.:ˈnuˌtrɑn, ˈnju-]

n.

<物>中子

neutron-tight

adj.

不透中子的

neutron-tight

adj.

不透中子的

neutron *

neutron neutrons
A neutron is an atomic particle that has no electrical charge.

- Each atomic cluster is made up of neutrons and protons.

N-COUNT

neutron bomb

neutron bomb neutron bombs
A neutron bomb is a nuclear weapon that is designed to kill people and animals without a large explosion and without destroying buildings or causing serious radioactive pollution.
N-COUNT

neutron star

neutron star neutron stars
A neutron star is a star that has collapsed under the weight of its own gravity.
N-COUNT

never

[D.J.:ˈnevə]

[K.K.:ˈnɛvɚ]

adv.

从不, 永不, 从来没有

never *****

1. never
Never means at no time in the past or at no time in the future.

- I have never lost the weight I put on in my teens.

- Never had he been so free of worry.

- That was a mistake. We'll never do it again.

- Never say that. Never, do you hear?.

- He was never really healthy.

- This is never to happen again.

ADV-NEG: ADV before v, ADV group/to-inf

2. never
Never means `not in any circumstances at all'.

- I would never do anything to hurt him.

- Even if you are desperate to get married, never let it show.

- Divorce is never easy for children.

- The golden rule is never to clean a valuable coin.

ADV-NEG: ADV before v, ADV group/to-inf

3. never
Never ever is an emphatic way of saying `never'.

- I never, ever sit around thinking, `What shall I do next?'.

- He's vowed never ever to talk about anything personal in public, ever again.

PHR: PHR before v, be PHR group emphasis

4. never
Never is used to refer to the past and means `not'.

- He never achieved anything.

- He waited until all the luggage was cleared, but Paula's never appeared.

- I never knew the lad.

- I'd never have dreamt of doing such a thing.

ADV-NEG

5. never
You say ` never! ' to indicate how surprised or shocked you are by something that someone has just said. (SPOKEN)
EXCLAM feelings

6. never
You say ` Well, I never ' to indicate that you are very surprised about something that you have just seen or found out. (OLD-FASHIONED, SPOKEN)

- `What were you up to there?' --- `I was head of the information department.' --- `Well I never!'

EXCLAM feelings

7. never
If you say that something will never do or would never do , you are saying, often humorously, that you think it is not appropriate or not suitable in some way.

- It would never do to have Henry there in her apartment.

- I don't think it is an example of bad writing myself, otherwise I'd be agreeing with Leavis, and that would never do.

PHR: oft it PHR to-inf

never

adverb

at no time

not at all

on no account

under no circumstances

never-ending

[D.J.:ˈnevərˌendiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈnɛvɚˈɛndɪŋ]

adj.

不停的,无限的

never-ending *

never-ending
If you describe something bad or unpleasant as never-ending , you are emphasizing that it seems to last a very long time.

- ...a never-ending series of scandals rocking the House of Windsor...

- The spiral of terrorism becomes never-ending.

ADJ emphasis
= interminable

never-never land

never-never land
Never-never land is an imaginary place where everything is perfect and no-one has any problems. (INFORMAL)

- We became suspended in some stately never-never land of pleasure, luxury and idleness.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

nevertheless

[D.J.:ˌnevəðəˈles]

[K.K.:ˌnɛvəðəˈlɛs]

adv.

仍然, 然而, 不过

conj.

尽管如此, 然而

nevertheless ***

nevertheless
You use nevertheless when saying something that contrasts with what has just been said. (FORMAL)

- Although the market has been flattened, residential property costs remain high. Nevertheless, the fall-off in demand has had an impact on resale values.

- There had been no indication of any loss of mental faculties. His whole life had nevertheless been clouded with a series of illnesses.

ADV: ADV with cl
= nonetheless

nevertheless

adverb

nonetheless

but

even so

(even) though

however

notwithstanding

regardless

still

yet

new

[D.J.:nju:]

[K.K.:nu, nju]

adj.

新的, 新出现的, 新生产的

生疏的; 新接触的

newness

[D.J.:ˈnju:nɪs]

[K.K.:ˈnjunɪs]

n.

新;新奇

new *****

1. new newer newest
Something that is new has been recently created, built, or invented or is in the process of being created, built, or invented.

- They've just opened a new hotel in the Stoke area.

- The new invention ensures the beer keeps a full, frothy head.

- ...the introduction of new drugs to suppress the immune system...

- Their epic fight is the subject of a new film.

- These ideas are nothing new in America.

ADJ-GRADED

2. newness

- The board acknowledges problems which arise from the newness of the approach.

N-UNCOUNT

3. new
Something that is new has not been used or owned by anyone.

- That afternoon she went out and bought a new dress.

- There are many boats, new and used, for sale.

- They cost nine pounds new, three pounds secondhand.

ADJ

4. new
You use new to describe something which has replaced another thing, for example because you no longer have the old one, or it no longer exists, or it is no longer useful.

- Under the new rules, some factories will cut emissions by as much as 90 percent.

- I had been in my new job only a few days.

- I had to find somewhere new to live.

- Rachel has a new boyfriend.

- They told me I needed a new battery.

ADJ

5. new
New is used to describe something that has only recently been discovered or noticed.

- The new planet is about ten times the size of the earth.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

6. new
A new day or year is the beginning of the next day or year.

- The start of a new year is a good time to reflect on the many achievements of the past.

- The next election is for the government to take us into the new century.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. new
New is used to describe someone or something that has recently acquired a particular status or position.

- ...the usual exhaustion of a new mother...

- The Association gives a free handbook to all new members.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. new newer newest
If you are new to a situation or place, or if the situation or place is new to you, you have not previously seen it or had any experience of it.

- She wasn't new to the company.

- His name was new to me then and it stayed in my mind.

- I'm new here and all I did was follow orders.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n

9. new
New potatoes, carrots, or peas are produced early in the season for such vegetables and are usually small with a sweet flavour.
ADJ: ADJ n

new

adjective

1.

modern

contemporary

current

fresh

ground-breaking

latest

novel

original

recent

state-of-the-art

unfamiliar

up-to-date

2.

changed

altered

improved

modernized

redesigned

renewed

restored

3.

extra

added

more

supplementary

newness

noun

novelty

freshness

innovation

oddity

originality

strangeness

unfamiliarity

uniqueness

new-

new-
New- combines with the past participle of some verbs to form adjectives which indicate that an action has been done or completed very recently.

- He loved the smell of new-mown grass.

- Gerald treasures his new-won independence.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n

New Age *

New Age
New Age is used to describe spiritual or non-scientific activities such as meditation, astrology, and alternative medicine, or people who are connected with such activities.

- She was involved in many New Age activities such as yoga and healing.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

New Age traveller

New Age traveller New Age travellers
New Age travellers are people who live in tents and vehicles and travel from place to place, and who reject many of the values of modern society. (BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu pl

new blood

new blood
If people talk about bringing new blood into an organization or sports team, they are referring to new people who are likely to improve the organization or team.

- There should be major changes in the government to bring in new blood.

- That's what we need, some new blood in the team.

N-UNCOUNT

newborn

[D.J.:ˈnju:bɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈnuˌbɔrn, ˈnju-]

adj.

(婴儿)新生的, 初生的

newborn *

1. newborn
A newborn baby or animal is one that has just been born.

- This equipment has saved the lives of a number of new born children.

- ...new born lambs.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also new-born , new born .

2. newborn newborns
The newborn are babies or animals who are newborn.

- Mild jaundice in the newborn is common and often clears without treatment.

N-PLURAL: the N also new-born , new born .

3. newborn newborns
A newborn is a baby that has just been born. (MEDICAL)

- ...an instrument for taking a sample of blood from a newborn.

N-COUNT also new-born , new born .

4. newborn
Writers sometimes use newborn to describe things that have just come into existence.

- The soft wind breathed their names to the newborn grass.

- Microbiology was a newborn science.

ADJ: ADJ n also new-born , new born .

new broom

new broom new brooms
Someone who has just started a new job and who is expected to make a lot of changes can be referred to as a new broom . (JOURNALISM)

- The company seemed set to make a fresh start under a new broom.

N-COUNT: usu sing

newcomer

[D.J.:ˈnu:ˌkʌmə, ˈnju:-]

[K.K.:ˈnuˌkʌmɚ, ˈnju-]

n.

新来的人;新手

newcomer **

1. newcomer newcomers
A newcomer is a person who has recently arrived in a place, joined an organization, or started a new activity.

- He must be a newcomer to town and he obviously didn't understand our local customs.

- The candidates are both relative newcomers to politics.

N-COUNT

2. newcomer newcomers
A newcomer is something which has not existed before or been available before.

- The company's latest newcomer is a 4 x 4 estate with a 2.2 litre petrol engine.

- ...last year's aggressive price slashing by campsite newcomer, Airtours.

N-COUNT

newcomer

noun

novice

arrival

beginner

Johnny-come-lately informal

parvenu

new face *

new face new faces
Someone who is new in a particular public role can be referred to as a new face . (JOURNALISM)

- All together there are six new faces in the cabinet.

N-COUNT

new-fangled

new-fangled
If someone describes a new idea or a new piece of equipment as new-fangled , they mean that it is too complicated or is unnecessary. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Mr Goss does not believe in any of this `new-fangled nonsense' about lean meat.

- ...a newfangled tax structure.

ADJ: ADJ n also newfangled . disapproval

new-found

adj.

新找到的

new-found *

new-found
A new-found quality or ability is one that you have got recently.

- Juliana was brimming over with new-found confidence.

- The fall of the Ceausescu government brought newfound freedom to millions in Romania.

ADJ: ADJ n also newfound .

newly

[D.J.:ˈnu:li:, ˈnju:-]

[K.K.:ˈnuli, ˈnju-]

adv.

新近;最近

newly ***

newly
Newly is used before a past participle or an adjective to indicate that a particular action is very recent, or that a particular state of affairs has very recently begun to exist.

- She was young at the time, and newly married.

- ...the newly independent countries of Africa and Asia.

ADV: ADV -ed/adj
= recently

newly

adverb

recently

anew

freshly

just

lately

latterly

newlywed

[D.J.:ˈnu:li:ˌwed, ˈnju:-]

[K.K.:ˈnuliˌwɛd, ˈnju-]

n.

新婚的人

newlywed

newlywed newlyweds
Newlyweds are a man and woman who have very recently got married to each other.

- Lavalais raised his glass to propose a toast to the newlyweds.

N-COUNT: usu pl also newly-wed .

new man

new man new men
A new man is a man who has modern ideas about the relations between men and women, and believes that men should share the work of looking after the home and caring for the children. (mainly BRIT)

- Sarah says I only change nappies when we have visitors. It is easy to be a new man in public; in private it's hard work.

N-COUNT

new moon

new moon new moons
A new moon is the moon when it first appears as a thin curved shape at the start of its four-week cycle. The new moon is also the time of the month when the moon appears in this way.

- ...the pale crescent of a new moon...

- The new moon was the occasion of festivals of rejoicing in Egypt.

N-COUNT: usu sing

news

[D.J.:nju:z]

[K.K.:nuz, njuz]

n.

新闻; 消息

(可当作新闻内容的)人, 物, 事

news *****

1. news
News is information about a recently changed situation or a recent event.

- We waited and waited for news of him.

- They still haven't had any news about when they'll be able to go home.

- I wish I had better news for you.

- He's thrilled to bits at the news.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N prep

2. news
News is information that is published in newspapers and broadcast on radio and television about recent events in the country or world or in a particular area of activity.

- Foreign News is on Page 16.

- We'll also have the latest sports news.

- The announcement was made at a news conference.

- Those are some of the top stories in the news.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N

3. news
The news is a television or radio broadcast which consists of information about recent events in the country or the world.

- I heard all about the bombs on the news.

- ...the six o'clock news.

N-SING: the N

4. news
News is sometimes used in the names of newspapers.

- ...the New York Daily News.

N-IN-NAMES

5. news
If you say that someone or something is news , you mean that they are considered to be interesting and important at the moment, and that people want to hear about them on the radio and television and in newspapers. (INFORMAL)

- A murder was big news.

- If you are a celebrity, you are headline news.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

6. news
If you say that something is bad news , you mean that it will cause you trouble or problems. If you say that something is good news , you mean that it will be useful or helpful to you.

- The drop in travel is bad news for the airline industry.

- This new attitude is good news to AIDS activists.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, usu PHR for/to n

7. news
If you say that something is news to you, you mean that you did not previously know what you have just been told, especially when you are surprised or annoyed about it.

- I'd certainly tell you if I knew anything, but I don't. What you're saying is news to me.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

news

noun

information

bulletin

communiqu´e

expos´e

gossip

hearsay

intelligence

latest informal

report

revelation

rumour

story

news agency ***

news agency news agencies
A news agency is an organization that gathers news stories from a particular country or from all over the world and supplies them to journalists.

- A correspondent for Reuters news agency says he saw a number of demonstrators being beaten.

N-COUNT
= press agency

newsagent

[D.J.:ˈnju:zˌeɪdʒɵnt]

n.

报刊经销人

newsagent *

1. newsagent newsagents
A newsagent or a newsagent's is a shop that sells newspapers and magazines, and things such as cigarettes and sweets. (BRIT)
N-COUNT: oft the N
= paper shop

2. newsagent newsagents
A newsagent is a shopkeeper who sells newspapers and magazines, and things such as cigarettes and sweets. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

newscast

[D.J.:ˈnju:zkɑ:st]

[K.K.:ˈnuzˌkæst, ˈnjuz-]

n.

〈美〉新闻广播

newscast *

newscast newscasts
A newscast is a news programme that is broadcast on the radio or on television. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

newscaster

[ˈnju:zˌkɑ:stə]

n.

(电台或电视的)新闻播音员

newscaster

newscaster newscasters
A newscaster is a person who reads the news on the radio or on television.
N-COUNT
= newsreader

news conference **

news conference news conferences
A news conference is a meeting held by a famous or important person in which they answer journalists' questions.
N-COUNT
= press conference

newsflash

n.

简短的新闻报道

newsflash

newsflash newsflashes
A newsflash is an important item of news that television or radio companies broadcast as soon as they receive it, often interrupting other programmes to do so.

- We interrupt our programmes for a newsflash.

N-COUNT also news flash .

newsgroup

[D.J.:ˈnu:zˌgru:p, ˈnju:z-]

[K.K.:ˈnuzˌɡrup, ˈnjuz-]

新闻组

newsgroup

newsgroup newsgroups
A newsgroup is an Internet site where people can put information and opinions about a particular subject so they can be read by everyone who looks at the site.
N-COUNT

newsletter

[D.J.:ˈnu:zˌletə, ˈnju:z-]

[K.K.:ˈnuzˌlɛtɚ, ˈnjuz-]

n.

(给特定读者定期寄发的)通讯;简报;业务通讯

newsletter *

newsletter newsletters
A newsletter is one or more printed sheets of paper containing information about an organization that is sent regularly to its members.

- The organization now has around 18,000 members who receive a quarterly newsletter.

N-COUNT also news letter .
= bulletin

newsman

[D.J.:ˈnju:zmæn]

[K.K.:ˈnuzˌmæn, -mən, ˈnjuz-]

n.

新闻记者

newsman

newsman newsmen
A newsman is a journalist for a newspaper or for a television or radio news programme. (JOURNALISM)

- As the pictures flashed on the screen, the newsman continued talking.

N-COUNT

newspaper

[D.J.:ˈnju:sˌpeipə]

[K.K.:ˈnuzˌpepɚ, ˈnjuz-]

n.

报纸

newspaper ****

1. newspaper newspapers
A newspaper is a publication consisting of a number of large sheets of folded paper, on which news, advertisements, and other information is printed.

- He was carrying a newspaper.

- They read their daughter's allegations in the newspaper.

- ...a Sunday newspaper feature about AIDS in America.

N-COUNT

2. newspaper newspapers
A newspaper is an organization that produces a newspaper.

- It is Britain's fastest growing national daily newspaper.

- Alexander Lazarus is a food critic for the newspaper.

N-COUNT

3. newspaper
Newspaper consists of pieces of old newspapers, especially when they are being used for another purpose such as wrapping things up.

- He found two pots, each wrapped in newspaper.

N-UNCOUNT

newspaperman

[D.J.:ˈnu:zˌpeɪpəˌmæn, ˈnju:z-]

[K.K.:ˈnuzˌpepɚˌmæn, ˈnjuz-]

n.

报社记者;新闻编辑

newspaperman

newspaperman newspapermen
A newspaperman is a journalist, especially a man, who works for a newspaper. (JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT
= newsman

newsprint

[D.J.:ˈnu:zˌprɪnt, ˈnju:z-]

[K.K.:ˈnuzˌprɪnt, ˈnjuz-]

n.

新闻纸;白报纸

(印刷报纸的)油墨

报刊文章

newsprint

1. newsprint
Newsprint is the cheap, fairly rough paper on which newspapers are printed.
N-UNCOUNT

2. newsprint
Newsprint is the text that is printed in newspapers.

- ...the acres of newsprint devoted to Madonna in the past seven days.

N-UNCOUNT

3. newsprint
Newsprint is the ink which is used to print newspapers and magazines.

- They get their hands covered in newsprint.

N-UNCOUNT

newsreader

n.

新闻广播员

newsreader

newsreader newsreaders
A newsreader is a person who reads the news on the radio or on television. (BRIT; in AM use newscaster )
N-COUNT

newsreel

[D.J.:ˈnju:zri:l]

[K.K.:ˈnuzˌril, ˈnjuz-]

n.

新闻短片

newsreel **

newsreel newsreels
A newsreel is a short film of national or international news events. In the past newsreels were made for showing in cinemas.
N-COUNT: oft N n

news release

news release news releases
A news release is a written statement about a matter of public interest which is given to the press by an organization concerned with the matter. (mainly AM; in BRIT use press release )

- In a news release, the company said it had experienced severe financial problems.

N-COUNT

newsroom

[D.J.:ˈnju:zrum]

[K.K.:ˈnuzˌrum, -ˌrʊm, ˈnjuz-]

n.

(报社、广播电台的)新闻编辑室

newsroom *

newsroom newsrooms
A newsroom is an office in a newspaper, radio, or television organization where news reports are prepared before they are printed or broadcast.
N-COUNT

news-sheet

n.

小报

news-sheet

news-sheet news-sheets
A news-sheet is a small newspaper that is usually printed and distributed in small quantities by a local political or social organization.

- ...a copy of an illicit Communist news-sheet.

N-COUNT

newsstand

[D.J.:ˈnju:zstænd]

[K.K.:ˈnuzˌstænd, ˈnjuz-]

n.

报摊,杂志摊

newsstand

newsstand newsstands
A newsstand is a stall in the street or a public place, which sells newspapers and magazines.

- Eight new national newspapers have appeared on the newsstands since 1981.

N-COUNT also news-stand .

newsworthy

[D.J.:ˈnju:zwə:ði]

[K.K.:ˈnuzˌwɚði, ˈnjuz-]

adj.

有报导价值的

newsworthy

newsworthy
An event, fact, or person that is newsworthy , is considered to be interesting enough to be reported in newspapers or on the radio or television.

- The number of deaths makes the story newsworthy.

- This situation might develop into an even more newsworthy item if the police were involved.

ADJ-GRADED

newsworthy

adjective

interesting

important

notable

noteworthy

remarkable

significant

stimulating

newt

[D.J.:nju:t]

[K.K.:nut, njut]

n.

蝾螈

newt

newt newts
A newt is a small creature that has four legs and a long tail and can live on land and in water.

- This wet area also attracts frogs, toads and newts.

N-COUNT

New Testament *

New Testament
The New Testament is the part of the Bible that deals with the life and teachings of Jesus Christ and with Christianity in the early Church.
N-PROPER: the N

new town *

new town new towns
A new town is a town that has been planned and built as a single project, including houses, shops, and factories, rather than one that has developed gradually. (mainly BRIT)

- ...Basildon New Town.

N-COUNT: oft in names

new wave *

new wave new waves
In the arts or in politics, a new wave is a group or movement that deliberately introduces new or unconventional ideas instead of using traditional ones.

- ...the new wave of satirical comedy...

- Tatum's friend asked Kevin if he liked New Wave music.

N-COUNT

New World **

New World
The New World is used to refer to the continents of North and South America.

- ...the massive growth in imports of good wines from the New World and Australasia.

N-PROPER: the N

New Year **

1. New Year
New Year or the New Year is the time when people celebrate the start of a year.

- Happy New Year, everyone.

- The restaurant was closed over the New Year.

- He returned home each year to celebrate Christmas and New Year with his family.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N

2. New Year
The New Year is the first few weeks of a year.

- Isabel was expecting their baby in the New Year.

- The oil shortages could lead the government to raise prices before the New Year.

N-SING: the N

New Year's *

New Year's
New Year's is another name for New Year's Day or New Year's Eve . (AM)
N-UNCOUNT

New Year's Day *

New Year's Day
New Year's Day is the first day of the year. In Western countries this is the 1st of January.

- On New Year's Day in 1974, I started keeping a journal.

N-UNCOUNT

New Year's Eve *

New Year's Eve
New Year's Eve is the last day of the year, the day before New Year's Day.

- On New Year's Eve I usually give a party, which is always chaotic.

N-UNCOUNT

New Year's resolution

New Year's resolution New Year's resolutions
If you make a New Year's resolution , you make a decision at the beginning of a year to start doing something or to stop doing something.

- She made a New Year's resolution to get fit.

N-COUNT also New Year resolution .

New Zealander ****

New Zealander New Zealanders
A New Zealander is a citizen of New Zealand, or a person of New Zealand origin.
N-COUNT

next

[D.J.:nekst]

[K.K.:nɛkst]

adj.

紧接在后的, 次于的

贴近的, 紧邻的

adv.

接下去; 然后

居后地, 次于

next *****

1. next
The next period of time, event, person, or thing is the one that comes immediately after the present one or after the previous one.

- I got up early the next morning.

- ...the next available flight...

- Who will be the next prime minister?.

- I want my next child born at home.

- Many senior citizens have very few visitors from one week to the next.

- And then Captain Charles sings, `Don't ever laugh when a hearse goes by or you will be the next to die.'

ORD

2. next
You use next in expressions such as next Friday , next day and next year to refer, for example, to the first Friday, day, or year that comes after the present or previous one.

- Let's plan a big night next week.

- He retires next January.

- Next day the European Community summit strengthened their ultimatum.

DET

3. next
Also an adjective.

- I shall be 26 years old on Friday next.

ADJ: n ADJ

4. next
Also a pronoun.

- He predicted that the region's economy would grow by about six per cent both this year and next.

PRON

5. next
The next place or person is the one that is nearest to you or that is the first one that you come to.

- Grace sighed so heavily that Trish could hear it in the next room.

- The man in the next chair was asleep.

- Stop at the next corner. I'm getting out.

ADJ: det ADJ

6. next
The thing that happens next is the thing that happens immediately after something else.

- Next, close your eyes then screw them up tight.

- I don't know what to do next.

- The news is next.

ADV: ADV with cl, ADV after v, be ADV

7. next
When you next do something, you do it for the first time since you last did it.

- I next saw him at his house in Berkshire.

- Maserati's engineers asked me some penetrating questions when we next met.

ADV: ADV before v

8. next
You use next to say that something has more of a particular quality than all other things except one. For example, the thing that is next best is the one that is the best except for one other thing.

- The one thing he didn't have was a son. I think he's felt that a grandson is the next best thing.

- At least three times more daffodils are grown than in Holland, the next largest grower.

ADV: ADV adj-superl
= second

9. next
You use after next in expressions such as the week after next to refer to a period of time after the next one. For example, when it is May, the month after next is July.

- ...the party's annual conference, to be held in Bournemouth the week after next.

PHR: n PHR

10. next
If you say that you do something or experience something as much as the next person, you mean that you are no different from anyone else in the respect mentioned.

- I enjoy pleasure as much as the next person.

- I'm as ambitious as the next man. I'd like to manage at the very highest level.

PHR: as group PHR emphasis

11. next
You can say the next thing I knew to suggest that a new situation which you are describing was surprising because it happened very suddenly. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- I had leaned over to pick up some change, and the next thing I knew I felt this terrible pain in my ankle.

PHR: V inflects

12. next
If one thing is next to another thing, it is at the other side of it.

- She sat down next to him on the sofa.

- ...at the southern end of the Gaza Strip next to the Egyptian border...

- The car was parked in the small weedy lot next to the hotel.

PHR-PREP
= beside

13. next
You use next to in order to give the most important aspect of something when comparing it with another aspect.

- Her children were the number two priority in her life next to her career.

- Next to the expense of cashiers, pricing items is one of the costliest labor costs of grocery retailers.

PHR-PREP
= after

14. next
You use next to before a negative, or a word that suggests something negative, to mean almost, but not completely.

- Johnson still knew next to nothing about tobacco.

- Last year a Food Commission report revealed that most pre-prepared weight loss products are next to useless.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR, PHR nothing /adj
= almost

next

adjective

1.

following

consequent

ensuing

later

subsequent

succeeding

2.

nearest

adjacent

adjoining

closest

neighbouring

adverb

3.

afterwards

following

later

subsequently

thereafter

next door **

1. next door
If a room or building is next door , it is the next one to the right or left.

- I went next door to the bathroom.

- She was next door at the time.

- ...the old lady who lived next door...

- The flat next door was empty.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, n ADV

2. next door
Also an adjective.

- She wandered back into the next door room.

- The wires trailed through other parts of the HQ into a next door building.

ADJ: ADJ n The adjective is also spelled next-door .

3. next door
If a room or building is next door to another one, it is the next one to the left or right.

- The kitchen is right next door to the dining room.

PHR-PREP

4. next door
The people next door are the people who live in the house or flat to the right or left of yours.

- The neighbors thought the family next door had moved.

ADV: n ADV

5. next door
Also an adjective.

- Our next door neighbour knocked on the door to say that our car had been stolen.

ADJ: ADJ n The adjective is also spelled next-door .

6. next door
If you refer to someone as the boy next door or the girl next door , you mean that they are pleasant and respectable but rather dull.

- He was dependable, straightforward, the boy next door.

- She was the girl-next-door type.

PHR

next door's

next door's
You can use next door's to indicate that something belongs to the person or people who live in the house to the right or left of your own.

- That's next door's alarm.

- ...next door's dog.

DET-POSS

next of kin

next of kin
Next of kin is sometimes used to refer to the person who is your closest relative, especially in official or legal documents. (FORMAL)

- We have notified the next of kin.

N-UNCOUNT-COLL

nexus

[D.J.:ˈneksəs]

[K.K.:ˈnɛksəs]

n.

(事物、思想等之间的)联结,联系,关系

nexus

nexus
A nexus is a connection or series of connections within a particular situation or system. (FORMAL)

- The Prayer Book has provided a flexible enough nexus of beliefs to hold together the different church parties.

- ...the nexus between the dominant class and the State.

N-COUNT: usu with supp nexus is both the singular and the plural form

NGO

NGO NGOs
An NGO is an organization which is not run by the government. NGO is an abbreviation for `non-governmental organization'.
N-COUNT

NHS

abbr.

National Health Service 英国国民健康保险制度

NHS

abbr.

National Health Service 英国国民健康保险制度

NHS **

NHS
NHS is an abbreviation for National Health Service .

- This vaccine is not normally provided free under the NHS.

- Three out of four NHS patients were given an appointment within three months.

N-SING: the N, N n

niacin

[D.J.:ˈnaiəsin]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪəsɪn]

n.

烟酸的商品名,尼亚新

niacin *

niacin
Niacin is a vitamin that occurs in milk, liver, yeast, and some other foods.
N-UNCOUNT

nib

[D.J.:nɪb]

[K.K.:nɪb]

n.

钢笔尖;鹅毛管笔笔尖

可可豆的碎粒

vt.

在...装尖头; 削尖(鹅管笔); 给(笔)插笔尖

nibs

[D.J.:nibz]

[K.K.:nɪbz]

n.

上司,大人物

nib

nib nibs
A nib is a pointed piece of metal at the end of some pens, which controls the flow of ink as you write.
N-COUNT

nibble

[D.J.:ˈnɪbəl]

[K.K.:ˈnɪbəl]

vt. & vi.

啃;一点一点地咬(吃)

vt.

啃出(洞);一点一点咬出(洞)

vi.

(对提议、建议等)显出略有兴趣的样子

nibble at

小口咬；一点点地咬

表示对…稍感兴趣

nibble away at sth

慢慢减少；蚕食

n.

啃;轻咬;显出有兴趣

很少量食物

nibbling

步冲轮廓法

nibble *

1. nibble nibbles nibbling nibbled
If you nibble food, you eat it by biting very small pieces of it, for example because you are not very hungry.

- He started to nibble his biscuit.

- She nibbled at the corner of a piece of dry toast.

VB

2. nibble nibbles
Also a noun.

- We each took a nibble.

N-COUNT

3. nibble nibbles nibbling nibbled
If you nibble something, you bite it very gently.

- John found he was kissing and nibbling her ear.

- Daniel Winter nibbled on his pen.

VB

4. nibble nibbles nibbling nibbled
When an animal nibbles something, it takes small bites of it quickly and repeatedly.

- A herd of goats was nibbling the turf around the base of the tower.

- The birds cling to the wall and nibble at the brickwork.

VB

5. nibble away; nibbles away; nibbling away; nibbled away
Nibble away means the same as nibble .

- The rabbits nibbled away on the herbaceous plants.

PHR-V

6. nibble nibbles nibbling nibbled
If one thing nibbles at another, it gradually affects, harms, or destroys it.

- It was all going to plan, yet small doubts kept nibbling at the edges of his mind.

VB

7. nibble away; nibbles away; nibbling away; nibbled away
Nibble away means the same as nibble .

- Several manufacturers are also nibbling away at Ford's traditional customer base.

PHR-V

8. nibble nibbles
Nibbles are small snacks such as biscuits, crisps, and nuts that are often offered to you at parties. (mainly BRIT)

- Nibbles go down well with any age group.

N-COUNT: usu pl

nibble

verb

1.

bite

eat

gnaw

munch

nip

peck

pick at

noun

2.

snack

bite

crumb

morsel

peck

soup¸con

taste

titbit

nice

[D.J.:nais]

[K.K.:naɪs]

adj.

美好的; 美妙的; 令人愉快的

友好的; 好心的

细致的; 精细的

nicely

[D.J.:ˈnaɪslɪ]

adv.

很好地;令人满意地;令人愉快地;合宜地

精确地;细微地

do nicely

(通常用于进行时)进展良好

令人满意

niceness

n.

美好的事物

nicer

adj.

良好的

nice ****

1. nice nicer nicest
If you say that something is nice , you mean that you find it attractive, pleasant, or enjoyable.

- I think silk ties can be quite nice.

- It's nice to be here together again.

- We had a nice meal with a bottle of champagne.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

2. nicely

- He's just written a book, nicely illustrated and not too technical.

- The horse jumps nicely.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed/adj
≠ poorly

3. nice nicer nicest
If you say that it is nice of someone to say or do something, you are saying that they are being kind and thoughtful. This is often used as a way of thanking someone.

- It's awfully nice of you to come all this way to see me.

- `How are your boys?' --- `How nice of you to ask.'.

- This has been so nice, so terribly kind of you.

ADJ-GRADED: it v-link ADJ of n to-inf, v-link ADJ of n
= kind

4. nice nicer nicest
If you say that someone is nice , you mean that you like them because they are friendly and pleasant.

- I've met your father and he's rather nice.

- He was a nice fellow, very quiet and courteous.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unpleasant

5. niceness

- Mr Pearce was rather bowled over by his niceness, his concern and his ordinariness.

N-UNCOUNT

6. nice nicer nicest
If you are nice to people, you are friendly, pleasant, or polite towards them.

- She met Mr and Mrs Ricciardi, who were very nice to her.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n

7. nicely

- He treated you very nicely and acted like a decent guy.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

8. nice nicer nicest
When the weather is nice , it is warm and pleasant.

- He nodded to us and said, `Nice weather we're having.'

ADJ-GRADED
= fine

9. nice
You can use nice to emphasize a particular quality that you like.

- With a nice dark colour, the wine is medium to full bodied.

- People have got used to nice glossy magazines.

- Add the oats to thicken the mixture and stir until it is nice and creamy.

- I'll explain it nice and simply so you can understand.

ADJ: ADJ adj n, v-link ADJ and adj, ADJ and adv after v emphasis

10. nice
A nice point or distinction is very clear, precise, and based on good reasoning. (FORMAL)

- Those are nice academic arguments, but what about the immediate future?

ADJ

11. nicely

- I think this puts the problem very nicely.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

12. nice
You can use nice when you are greeting people. For example, you can say ` Nice to meet you ', ` Nice to have met you ', or ` Nice to see you '.

- Good morning. Nice to meet you and thanks for being with us this weekend.

- `It's so nice to see you,' said Charles.

ADJ: it v-link ADJ to-inf formulae

13. nice
If someone says nice one , they are showing their approval of something clever or funny that they have just seen or heard. (INFORMAL)

- Knowles became Torquay's manager. Nice one.

CONVENTION feelings

nicely **

1. nicely
If something is happening or working nicely , it is happening or working in a satisfactory way or in the way that you want it to.

- She has a bit of private money, so they manage quite nicely.

- The crowds had been soaked and were now nicely drying out.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= satisfactorily

See also nice .

2. nicely
If someone or something is doing nicely , they are being successful.

- ...another hotel owner who is doing very nicely.

PHR: V inflects, usu cont

3. nicely
If you say that something will do nicely , you mean that it is good enough for the situation.

- A shirt and jersey and an ordinary pair of trousers will do nicely, thank you.

- A quick nod of approval would have done nicely.

PHR: V inflects
= do fine

nice

adjective

1.

pleasant

agreeable

attractive

charming

delightful

good

pleasurable

2.

kind

courteous

friendly

likable or likeable

polite

well-mannered

3.

neat

dainty

fine

tidy

trim

4.

subtle

careful

delicate

fastidious

fine

meticulous

precise

strict

nicely

adverb

1.

pleasantly

acceptably

agreeably

attractively

charmingly

delightfully

pleasurably

well

2.

kindly

amiably

commendably

courteously

politely

3.

neatly

daintily

finely

tidily

trimly

nice-looking

[ˈnaisˈlukiŋ]

adj.

好看的

nice-looking

nice-looking
Someone who is nice-looking is physically attractive.

- I saw this nice-looking man in a gray suit.

- We got on very well and she was very nice-looking.

ADJ-GRADED
= good-looking attractive

nicety

[D.J.:ˈnaɪsɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪsɪti]

n.

微妙;细微

细微之处, 细微的区别;细节

nicety

nicety niceties
The niceties of a situation are its details, especially with regard to good manners or the appropriate behaviour for that situation.

- By the end of term, girls will have learnt the niceties of dinner party conversation.

- He wasted no time with social niceties.

- ...the language of diplomatic niceties.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft the N of n, adj N
= subtlety

nicety

noun

subtlety

daintiness

delicacy

discrimination

distinction

nuance

refinement

niche

[D.J.:nɪtʃ, ni:ʃ]

[K.K.:nɪtʃ, niʃ]

n.

壁龛

合适的位置〔工作等〕

niche *

1. niche niches
A niche in the market is a specific area of marketing which has its own particular requirements, customers, and products.

- I think we have found a niche in the toy market.

- Small companies can do extremely well if they can fill a specific market niche.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. niche
Niche marketing is the practice of dividing the market into specialized areas for which particular products are made. A niche market is one of these specialized areas.

- Many media experts see such all-news channels as part of a general move towards niche marketing.

- The Japanese are able to supply niche markets because of their flexible production methods.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. niche niches
A niche is a hollow area in a wall which has been made to hold a statue, or a natural hollow part in a hill or cliff.

- Above him, in a niche on the wall, sat a tiny veiled Ganesh, the elephant god.

- There was a niche in the rock where the path ended.

N-COUNT

4. niche niches
Your niche is the job or activity which is exactly suitable for you.

- Simon Lane quickly found his niche as a busy freelance model maker.

N-COUNT: usu poss N
= slot

5. niche
If you carve a niche for yourself, you organize your work to create a secure position.

- ...a firm of solicitors that has carved a niche for itself in handling claims for investor compensation...

- The new superconductors look set to carve themselves a useful niche in the world's electrical industries.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR for pron-refl

niche

noun

1.

alcove

corner

hollow

nook

opening

recess

2.

position

calling

pigeonhole informal

place

slot informal

vocation

nick

[D.J.:nɪk]

[K.K.:nɪk]

n.

刻痕;裂口

<非正>监狱

in good, bad, etc. nick

状况良好/不佳；身体健康/不好

in the nick of time

在最后一刻；在紧要关头；恰是时候

vt.

偷

割伤

nicking

[ˈnikiŋ]

n.

基因巧合

nick **

1. nick nicks nicking nicked
If someone nicks something, they steal it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He smashed a window to get in and nicked a load of silver cups.

- We used to nick biscuits from the kitchen.

VB
= pinch

2. nick nicks nicking nicked
If the police nick someone, they arrest them. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The police nicked me for carrying an offensive weapon.

- Keep quiet or we'll all get nicked.

VB
= pick up nab

3. nick nicks
The nick is a prison, or a police station. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- After several years banged up in the nick, even you might start to go mad.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the N

4. nick nicks nicking nicked
If you nick something or nick yourself, you accidentally make a small cut in the surface of the object or your skin.

- When I pulled out of the space, I nicked the rear bumper of the car in front of me.

- A sharp blade is likely to nick the skin and draw blood.

- He dropped a bottle in the kitchen and nicked himself on broken glass.

VB

5. nick nicks
A nick is a small cut made in the surface of something, usually in someone's skin.

- The barbed wire had left only the tiniest nick just below my right eye.

N-COUNT

6. nick nicks nicking nicked
If you are nicked by someone, they cheat you, for example by charging you too much money. (AM, INFORMAL)

- College students already are being nicked, but probably don't realize it.

VB
= rip off

7. nick
Nick is used in expressions such as ` in good nick ' or ` in bad nick ' to describe the physical condition of someone or something. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- His ribs were damaged, but other than that he's in good nick.

- Tom's house is actually in better nick than mine.

PHR: v-link PHR

8. nick
If you say that something happens in the nick of time , you are emphasizing that it happens at the last possible moment.

- Seems we got here just in the nick of time.

- News of interest cuts came in the nick of time for borrowers.

PHR: usu PHR after v emphasis
= just in time

nick

verb

1.

cut

chip

dent

mark

notch

scar

score

scratch

snick

2.

steal

pilfer

pinch informal

swipe slang

noun

3.

cut

chip

dent

mark

notch

scar

scratch

nickel

[D.J.:ˈnikəl]

[K.K.:ˈnɪkəl]

n.

〈化〉镍

(美国和加拿大的)五分镍币, 五分钱

nickel *

1. nickel
Nickel is a silver-coloured metal that is used in making steel.
N-UNCOUNT

2. nickel nickels
In the United States and Canada, a nickel is a coin worth five cents.
N-COUNT

nickname

[D.J.:ˈnikneim]

[K.K.:ˈnɪkˌnem]

n.

绰号, 诨名; 昵称

nickname **

1. nickname nicknames
A nickname is an informal name for someone or something.

- Red got his nickname for his red hair.

N-COUNT

2. nickname nicknames nicknaming nicknamed
If you nickname someone or something, you give them an informal name.

- When he got older I nicknamed him Little Alf.

- Which newspaper was once nicknamed The Thunderer?

VB

nickname

noun

pet name

diminutive

epithet

label

moniker or monicker slang

sobriquet

nicotine

[D.J.:ˈnikəti:n]

[K.K.:ˈnɪkəˌtin]

n.

尼古丁, 烟碱

nicotine *

nicotine
Nicotine is the substance in tobacco that people can become addicted to.

- Nicotine produces a feeling of well-being in the smoker.

- Nicotine marks stained his chin and fingers.

N-UNCOUNT

niece

[D.J.:ni:s]

[K.K.:nis]

n.

侄女, 外甥女

niece *

niece nieces
Someone's niece is the daughter of their sister or brother.

- ...his niece from America, the daughter of his eldest sister.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

nifty

[D.J.:ˈnifti]

[K.K.:ˈnɪfti]

adj.

俏皮的,极好的

n.

俏皮话,漂亮话

nifty

nifty niftier niftiest
If you describe something as nifty , you think it is neat and pleasing or cleverly done. (INFORMAL)

- Bridgeport was a pretty nifty place.

- It was a nifty arrangement, a perfect partnership.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval
= slick

nifty

adjective

neat

attractive

chic

deft

pleasing

smart

stylish

Nigerian

[naiˈdʒiəriən]

n.

尼日利亚人

Nigerian ***

1. Nigerian
Nigerian means belonging or relating to Nigeria, its people, or its culture.

- ...the Nigerian government.

- ...a Nigerian accent.

ADJ

2. Nigerian Nigerians
A Nigerian is a Nigerian citizen, or a person of Nigerian origin.
N-COUNT

niggardly

[D.J.:ˈnɪgədli:]

[K.K.:ˈnɪɡədli]

adj.

吝啬的;小气的;不大度的

(钱数)不值钱的;小量的

niggardly

niggardly
If you describe someone as niggardly , you are criticizing them because they do not give or provide much of something.

- Officials say the EU, which is supposed to provide most of the food needs, is being particularly niggardly.

- ...a niggardly supply of hot water.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ generous

niggardly

adjective

stingy

avaricious

frugal

grudging

mean

miserly

parsimonious

tightfisted

ungenerous

nigger

[D.J.:ˈnɪgə]

[K.K.:ˈnɪɡɚ]

n.

黑人(此称呼被看作是对黑人的极大侮辱)

nigger-brown

n.

深棕色

nigger-brown

n.

深棕色

nigger *

nigger niggers
Nigger is an extremely offensive word for a black person. ( VERY OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT

niggle

[D.J.:ˈnɪgəl]

[K.K.:ˈnɪɡəl]

vi.

①为小事操心;吹毛求疵

不断地烦扰

niggling

[D.J.:ˈnɪglɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈnɪɡlɪŋ]

adj.

不断烦扰的

(一件工作)费神的;难办的;繁琐的

niggle

1. niggle niggles niggling niggled
If something niggles you, it causes you to worry slightly over a long period of time. (mainly BRIT)

- I realise now that the things which used to niggle and annoy me just don't really matter.

- It's been niggling at my mind ever since I met Neville in Nice.

- The puzzle niggled away in Arnold's mind.

VB
= bother

2. niggle niggles
Also a noun.

- So why is there a little niggle at the back of my mind?

N-COUNT

3. niggle niggles niggling niggled
If someone niggles you, they annoy you by continually criticizing you for what you think are small or unimportant things. (mainly BRIT)

- I don't react anymore when opponents try to niggle me.

- You tend to niggle at your partner, and get hurt when he doesn't hug you.

VB
= nag

4. niggle niggles
Also a noun.

- The life we have built together is more important than any minor niggle either of us might have.

N-COUNT

niggling

niggling
A niggling injury or worry is small but bothers you over a long period of time.

- Both players have been suffering from niggling injuries.

- ...a niggling worry that the cheap car is also the one that will cause endless trouble.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

niggle

verb

1.

worry

annoy

irritate

rankle

2.

criticize

carp

cavil

find fault

fuss

niggling

adjective

1.

persistent

gnawing

irritating

troubling

worrying

2.

petty

finicky

fussy

nit-picking informal

pettifogging

picky informal

quibbling

nigh

[D.J.:naɪ]

[K.K.:naɪ]

adv.

接近,靠近;几乎, 差不多

adj.

近的, 亲密的;直接的; 短的

左边的

prep.

在...附近

nigh *

1. nigh
If an event is nigh , it will happen very soon. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- The end of the world may be nigh, but do we really care?.

- The storm must still be nigh, she thought.

ADV: be ADV
= close near

See also well-nigh .

2. nigh
Nigh on an amount, number, or age means almost that amount, number, or age. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- I've been one of your number one fans for nigh on three years now.

- I had to pay nigh on forty pounds for him.

PHR: PHR amount
= nearly

night

[D.J.:nait]

[K.K.:naɪt]

n.

夜, 夜晚

nights

[D.J.:naits]

[K.K.:naɪts]

adv.

夜间

night *****

1. night nights
The night is the part of each day when the sun has set and it is dark outside, especially the time when people are sleeping.

- He didn't leave the house all night, not until his regular time to go to work in the morning.

- The fighting began in the late afternoon and continued all night.

- Our reporter spent the night crossing the border from Austria into Slovenia.

- Finally night fell.

N-VAR

2. night nights
The night is the period of time between the end of the afternoon and the time that you go to bed, especially the time when you relax before going to bed.

- So whose party was it last night?.

- Demiris took Catherine to dinner the following night.

N-COUNT

3. night nights
A particular night is a particular evening when a special event takes place, such as a show or a play.

- The first night crowd packed the building.

- ...election night.

N-COUNT: supp N

4. night
If it is a particular time at night , it is during the time when it is dark and is before midnight.

- It's eleven o'clock at night in Moscow.

- He works obsessively from 7.15 am to 9 or 10 at night.

PHR: num PHR

5. night
If something happens at night , it happens regularly during the evening or night.

- He was going to college at night, in order to become an accountant.

- The veranda was equipped with heavy wooden rain doors that were kept closed at night.

PHR: PHR after v

6. night
If something happens day and night or night and day , it happens all the time without stopping.

- Dozens of doctors and nurses have been working day and night for weeks.

- He was at my door night and day, demanding my attention.

PHR: usu PHR after v

7. night
If you have an early night , you go to bed early. If you have a late night , you go to bed late.

- I've had a hell of a day, and all I want is an early night.

- In spite of the travelling and the late night, she did not feel tired.

PHR: N inflects

night

noun

darkness

dark

night-time

nightcap

[D.J.:ˈnaitkæp]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtˌkæp]

n.

睡帽,睡前饮料

nightcap

nightcap nightcaps
A nightcap is a drink that you have just before you go to bed, usually an alcoholic drink.

- Perhaps you would join me for a nightcap?

N-COUNT

nightclothes

[D.J.:ˈnaitkləuðz]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtˌkloz, -ˌkloðz]

n.

睡衣

nightclothes

nightclothes
Nightclothes are clothes that you wear in bed.
N-PLURAL

nightclub

[D.J.:ˈnaɪtˌklʌb]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtˌklʌb]

n.

夜总会

nightclub **

nightclub nightclubs
A nightclub is a place where people go late in the evening to drink and dance.
N-COUNT also night club .

nightclubbing

[ˈnaitˌklʌbiŋ]

n.

逛夜总会

nightclubbing

nightclubbing
Nightclubbing is the activity of going to nightclubs.
N-UNCOUNT
= clubbing

nightdress

[D.J.:ˈnaɪtˌdres]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtˌdrɛs]

n.

(妇女或孩子穿的)睡衣；睡袍

nightdress

nightdress nightdresses
A nightdress is a sort of loose dress that a woman or girl wears in bed. (BRIT; in AM use nightgown )
N-COUNT

nightfall

[D.J.:ˈnaitfɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtˌfɔl]

n.

黄昏; 傍晚

nightfall

nightfall
Nightfall is the time of day when it starts to get dark.

- I need to get to Lyon by nightfall.

- I started work at dawn and returned only at nightfall.

N-UNCOUNT
= dusk

nightfall

noun

evening

dusk

sundown

sunset

twilight

nightgown

[D.J.:ˈnaɪtˌgaʊn]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtˌɡaʊn]

n.

女睡袍

男用长睡衣

nightgown

nightgown nightgowns
A nightgown is the same as a nightdress . (AM)
N-COUNT

nightie

[D.J.:ˈnaɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪti]

n.

<口>睡袍

nightie

nightie nighties
A nightie is the same as a nightdress or nightgown. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

nightingale

[D.J.:ˈnaɪtnˌgeɪl, ˈnaɪtɪŋ-]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtn..ˌɡel, ˈnaɪtɪŋ-]

n.

夜莺

nightingale

nightingale nightingales
A nightingale is a small brown bird. The male, which can be heard at night, sings beautifully.
N-COUNT

nightlife

[D.J.:ˈnaɪtˌlaɪf]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtˌlaɪf]

n.

夜生活

nightlife

nightlife
Nightlife is all the entertainment and social activities that are available at night in towns and cities, such as nightclubs and theatres.

- Hamburg's energetic nightlife is second to none.

- There are free buses around the resort and plenty of nightlife.

N-UNCOUNT also night-life .

night light

night light night lights
A night light is a light that is not bright and is kept on during the night, especially in a child's room.
N-COUNT

nightly

[D.J.:ˈnaɪtli:]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtli]

adj. & adv.

每夜(的),夜夜(的)

nightly *

1. nightly
A nightly event happens every night.

- I'm sure we watched the nightly news, and then we turned on the movie.

- For months at a time, air raids were a nightly occurrence.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. nightly
Also an adverb.

- She appears nightly on the television news.

- A new and younger crowd filled the bar nightly.

ADV: usu ADV after v

nightly

adjective

1.

nocturnal

night-time

adverb

2.

every night

each night

night after night

nights informal

nightmare

[D.J.:ˈnaitmɛə]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtˌmɛr]

n.

噩梦

〈口〉可怕的事情, 无法摆脱的恐惧

nightmare ***

1. nightmare nightmares
A nightmare is a very frightening dream.

- All the victims still suffered nightmares.

- Jane did not eat cheese because it gives her nightmares.

N-COUNT

2. nightmare nightmares
If you refer to a situation as a nightmare , you mean that it is very frightening and unpleasant.

- The years in prison were a nightmare.

N-COUNT

3. nightmare nightmares
If you refer to a situation as a nightmare , you are saying in a very emphatic way that it is irritating because it causes you a lot of trouble.

- Taking my son Peter to a restaurant was a nightmare.

- In practice a graduate tax is an administrative nightmare.

N-COUNT emphasis

nightmare

noun

1.

bad dream

hallucination

2.

ordeal

horror

torment

trial

tribulation

nightmare scenario

nightmare scenario nightmare scenarios
If you describe a situation or event as a nightmare scenario , you mean that it is the worst possible thing that could happen.

- Discovering your child takes drugs is a nightmare scenario for most parents.

N-COUNT: usu sing

nightmarish

[ˈnaitˌmeəriʃ]

adj.

恶梦似的,不愉快的

nightmarish

nightmarish
If you describe something as nightmarish , you mean that it is extremely frightening and unpleasant.

- She described a nightmarish scene of dead bodies lying in the streets.

ADJ-GRADED
= terrifying

night owl

night owl night owls
A night owl is someone who regularly stays up late at night, or who prefers to work at night. (INFORMAL)

- The late-night parties make the hotel a haven for night owls and a hell for anyone with children.

N-COUNT

night porter

night porter night porters
A night porter is a person whose job is to be on duty at the main reception desk of a hotel throughout the night. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

night school

night school night schools
Someone who goes to night school does an educational course in the evenings.

- People can go out to work in the daylight hours and then come to night school in the evening.

N-VAR
= evening classes

nightshirt

[D.J.:ˈnaitʃə:t]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtˌʃɚt]

n.

男用长睡衣

nightshirt

nightshirt nightshirts
A nightshirt is a long, loose shirt worn in bed.
N-COUNT

nightspot

[D.J.:ˈnaɪtˌspɔt]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtˌspɑt]

n.

夜总会

nightspot

nightspot nightspots
A nightspot is a nightclub. (INFORMAL)

- ...Harlem's most famous nightspot, the Cotton Club.

N-COUNT

night stand

night stand night stands
A night stand is a small table or cupboard that you have next to your bed. (AM; in BRIT use bedside table )
N-COUNT

nightstick

[D.J.:ˈnaitstik]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtˌstɪk]

n.

〈美〉看更人或警察的木棒

nightstick

nightstick nightsticks
A nightstick is a short thick club that is carried by policemen in the United States. (AM; in BRIT use truncheon )
N-COUNT

night-time

n.

夜间

night-time *

night-time
Night-time is the period of time between when it gets dark and when the sun rises.

- They wanted someone responsible to look after the place at night-time.

- A twelve hour night time curfew is in force.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also night time .
= night ≠ daytime

night vision

night vision.
Night vision equipment enables people, for example soldiers or pilots, to see better at night.

- ...night vision goggles that turn the blackest night into daylight.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

nightwatchman

(专职的)守夜人,三柱门看更人(板球运动中通常结束的二流击球手)

nightwatchman

nightwatchman nightwatchmen
A nightwatchman is a person whose job is to guard buildings at night.
N-COUNT also night-watchman .

nightwear

[D.J.:ˈnaitweə]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtˌwɛr]

n.

睡衣,寝衣

nightwear

nightwear
Nightwear is clothing that you wear in bed.
N-UNCOUNT

nihilism

[D.J.:ˈnaɪəˌlɪzəm, ˈni:-]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪəˌlɪzəm, ˈni-]

n.

虚无主义;极端怀疑论

nihilist

n.

nihilistic

adj.

nihilist

[ˈnaiilist]

n.

虚无主义者

nihilistic

[ˌnaiiˈlistik]

adj.

虚无主义的,无政府主义的

nihilism

1. nihilism
Nihilism is a belief which rejects all political and religious authority and current ideas in favour of the individual.

- Why should a great community like a university be afraid of nihilism?.

N-UNCOUNT

2. nihilist nihilists

- Why wasn't Weber a nihilist?

N-COUNT

nihilistic

nihilistic
If you describe someone as nihilistic , you mean they do not trust political and religious authority and place their faith in the individual.

- She exhibited none of the narcissistic and nihilistic tendencies of her peers.

ADJ-GRADED

nil

[D.J.:nil]

[K.K.:nɪl]

n.

无, 零

nil **

1. nil
Nil means the same as zero. It is usually used to say what the score is in sports such as rugby or football. (BRIT)

- They beat the defending champions, Argentina, one-nil in the final.

NUM
= zero

2. nil
If you say that something is nil , you mean that it does not exist at all.

- Their legal rights are virtually nil.

- The heating in winter was almost nil.

N-UNCOUNT
= non-existent

nil

noun

nothing

love

naught

none

zero

nimble

[D.J.:ˈnɪmbəl]

[K.K.:ˈnɪmbəl]

adj.

灵活的, 敏捷的, 聪明的;机智的

nimbly

adv.

敏捷地,机敏地

nimble *

1. nimble nimbler nimblest
Someone who is nimble is able to move their fingers, hands, or legs quickly and easily.

- Everything had been stitched by Molly's nimble fingers.

- Val, who was light and nimble on her feet, learnt to dance the tango.

ADJ-GRADED
= sprightly

2. nimbly

- Sabrina jumped nimbly out of the van.

- Uncle George quickly descended the ladder and nimbly stepped aboard.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= smartly

3. nimble nimbler nimblest
If you say that someone has a nimble mind, you mean they are clever and can think very quickly.

- A nimble mind backed by a degree in economics gave him a firm grasp of financial matters.

- Elderly people are told that if they want to keep their minds nimble, they must use them.

ADJ-GRADED
= alert

nimble

adjective

agile

brisk

deft

dexterous

lively

quick

sprightly

spry

swift

nimbly

adverb

quickly

briskly

deftly

dexterously

easily

readily

smartly

spryly

swiftly

nimbus

[D.J.:ˈnimbəs]

[K.K.:ˈnɪmbəs]

n.

(人和物产生的)灵气,(神像头上的)光轮

nimbus

nimbus
A nimbus is a large grey cloud that brings rain or snow. (TECHNICAL)

- ...layers of cold nimbus clouds.

N-SING: usu N n

nimby

[D.J.:ˈnimbi]

[K.K.:ˈnɪmbi]

n.

〈美口〉宁比

nimby

nimby
If you say that someone has a nimby attitude, you are criticizing them because they do not want something such as a new road, housing estate, or prison built near to where they live. Nimby is an abbreviation for `not in my backyard'. (INFORMAL)

- ...the usual nimby protests from local residents.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also Nimby , NIMBY . disapproval

nine

[D.J.:naɪn]

[K.K.:naɪn]

num.

九;九个

have (got) nine lives

有九条命；大难不死

a nine days’ wonder

昙花一现；轰动一时的人(或事物)

nine times out of ten

十有八九；大抵；几乎总是

nine to five

九点至五点(正常办公时间)

on cloud nine

极其快乐；乐不可支

the whole nine yards

一切； 全套； 无所不包

nine *****

1. nine
Nine is the number 9.

- We still sighted nine yachts.

- ...nine hundred pounds.

NUM

2. nine
If you say that someone is dressed up to the nines or dressed to the nines , you mean that they are wearing very smart or elegant clothes. (INFORMAL)
PHR
nine times out of ten : see time .

ninepins

[ˈnainpinz]

n.

九柱戏或其木柱

ninepins

ninepins
If you say that people or things are going down like ninepins , you mean that large numbers of them are suddenly becoming ill, collapsing, or doing very badly. (mainly BRIT)

- There was a time when Liverpool players never seemed to get injured, but now they are going down like ninepins.

PHR: PHR after v

nineteen

[D.J.:naɪnˈti:n]

[K.K.:naɪnˈtin]

num.

十九

talk, etc. nineteen to the dozen

(通常指在非正式谈话中)喋喋不休

nineteen *****

nineteen
Nineteen is the number 19.

- They have nineteen days to make up their minds.

NUM

nineteenth

[D.J.:naɪnˈti:nθ]

[K.K.:naɪnˈtinθ]

num.

第十九;十九分之一

nineteenth ****

nineteenth
The nineteenth item in a series is the one that you count as number nineteen.

- ...my nineteenth birthday.

- ...the nineteenth century.

ORD

ninetieth

[D.J.:ˈnaintiiθ]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪntiɪθ]

num.

第九十; 九十分之一

ninetieth ****

ninetieth
The ninetieth item in a series is the one that you count as number ninety.

- He celebrates his ninetieth birthday on Friday.

ORD

ninety

[D.J.:ˈnaɪnti:]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪnti]

num.

九十

ninety *****

1. ninety
Ninety is the number 90.

- It was decided she had to stay another ninety days.

NUM

2. ninety nineties
When you talk about the nineties , you are referring to numbers between 90 and 99. For example, if you are in your nineties , you are aged between 90 and 99. If the temperature is in the nineties , the temperature is between 90 and 99 degrees.

- By this time she was in her nineties and needed help more and more frequently.

N-PLURAL

3. ninety nineties
The nineties is the decade between 1990 and 1999.

- These trends only got worse as we moved into the nineties.

N-PLURAL: the N

ninny

[D.J.:ˈnini]

[K.K.:ˈnɪni]

n.

笨人,傻子

ninny

ninny ninnies
If you refer to someone as a ninny , you think that they are foolish or silly. (INFORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT disapproval
= twit

ninth

[D.J.:naɪnθ]

[K.K.:naɪnθ]

num.

第九;九分之一

ninth ****

1. ninth
The ninth item in a series is the one that you count as number nine.

- ...January the ninth.

- ...students in the ninth grade.

- ...ninth century illustrated manuscripts.

ORD

2. ninth
A ninth is one of nine equal parts of something.

- In Brussels the dollar rose by a ninth of a cent.

- What you see is only the tip. Eight ninths of it is under the sea.

FRACTION

nip

[D.J.:nɪp]

[K.K.:nɪp]

vt. & vi.

夹;捏;咬;掐;钳

vt.

伤害;摧残;冻伤

vi.

快走;赶快

nip sth in the bud

将…扼杀在萌芽状态；防患于未然

nip sth off

掐去； 剪掉

nip and tuck (with sb)

(比赛或竞赛中)势均力敌；不分上下；并驾齐驱

nipped

被夹住的

nipping

[D.J.:ˈnɪpɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈnɪpɪŋ]

adj.

刺骨的

尖酸刻薄的

nip *

1. nip nips nipping nipped
If you nip somewhere, usually somewhere nearby, you go there quickly or for a short time. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Should I nip out and get some groceries?.

- Wayne is always nipping down to the corner shop for him.

- Beasley told me he'd seen you, so I nipped straight home.

VB: no passive
= pop

2. nip nips nipping nipped
If an animal or person nips you, they bite you lightly or squeeze a piece of your skin between their finger and thumb.

- I have known cases where dogs have nipped babies.

- He nipped Billy's cheek with two rough fingers.

VB

3. nip nips
Also a noun.

- Incidents range from a petty nip, which fails to break the skin or draw blood, to serious injuries.

N-COUNT

4. nip nips
A nip is a small amount of a strong alcoholic drink.

- She had a habit of taking an occasional nip from a flask of cognac.

N-COUNT
= tot

nip

verb

pinch

bite

squeeze

tweak

nip

noun

dram

draught

drop

mouthful

shot informal

sip

snifter informal

nipper

[ˈnipə]

n.

小孩(尤指男孩)

nippers

[D.J.:ˈnɪpəz]

n.

钳子;镊子

nipper

nipper nippers
A nipper is a child. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I'm not ever going to forget what you've done for the nippers.

N-COUNT
= kid

nipper

noun Informal

child

baby

boy

girl

infant

kid informal

tot

nipple

[D.J.:ˈnɪpəl]

[K.K.:ˈnɪpəl]

n.

乳头

<美>(奶品的)橡皮奶头

(机器上的)乳头状注油口;加油嘴

nipple *

1. nipple nipples
The nipples on someone's body are the two small pieces of slightly hard flesh on their chest. Babies suck milk from their mothers' breasts through their mothers' nipples.

- Sore nipples can inhibit the milk supply.

N-COUNT

2. nipple nipples
A nipple is a piece of rubber or plastic which is fitted to the top of a baby's bottle.

- ...a white plastic bottle with a rubber nipple.

N-COUNT
= teat

nippy

[D.J.:ˈnɪpi:]

[K.K.:ˈnɪpi]

adj.

(天气)寒冷的;冷飕飕的

敏捷的,动作快的

nippy

1. nippy
If the weather is nippy , it is rather cold. (INFORMAL)

- It could get suddenly nippy in the evenings, and then you'd be glad of a fire.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= chilly

2. nippy
If you describe something or someone as nippy , you mean that they can move very quickly over short distances. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- This nippy new car has fold down rear seats.

- Barnaby may be 15, but he's nippy and suited to badminton.

ADJ-GRADED

nippy

adjective

1.

chilly

biting

sharp

2.

quick

active

agile

fast

nimble

spry

nirvana

[D.J.:nɪəˈvɑ:nə, nə-]

[K.K.:nɪrˈvɑnə, nə-]

n.

(亦作N-)(印度教)生命之火的熄灭

天堂;极乐世界

nirvana

1. nirvana
In the Hindu and Buddhist religions, Nirvana is the highest spiritual state that can possibly be achieved.

- Entering the realm of Nirvana is only possible for those who have become pure.

N-UNCOUNT

2. nirvana
People sometimes refer to a state of complete happiness and peace as nirvana .

- Many businessmen think that a world where relative prices never varied would be nirvana.

N-UNCOUNT
= paradise

nirvana

noun Informal

paradise

bliss

joy

peace

serenity

tranquillity

Nissen hut

Nissen hut Nissen huts
A Nissen hut is a military hut made of metal. The walls and roof form the shape of a semi-circle. (BRIT; in AM use Quonset hut )
N-COUNT

nit

[D.J.:nit]

[K.K.:nɪt]

n.

(虱等的)幼虫,卵,〈英口〉糊涂虫,傻瓜

nit

1. nit nits
Nits are the eggs of insects called lice which live in people's hair.

- Borrowed combs were said to be the cause of spreading nits from one to another.

N-PLURAL

2. nit nits
If you refer to someone as a nit , you think they are stupid or silly. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I'd rather leave the business than work with such a nit.

N-COUNT disapproval
= nitwit twit

nitpicking

nitpicking
If you refer to someone's opinion as nitpicking , you disapprove of the fact that it concentrates on small and unimportant details, especially to try and find fault with something.

- A lot of nit-picking was going on about irrelevant things.

- I can get down to nitpicking detail, I am pretty fussy about certain things.

N-UNCOUNT also nit-picking . disapproval
= quibbling

nitrate

[D.J.:ˈnaɪˌtreɪt, -trɪt]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪˌtret, -trɪt]

n.

硝酸盐

nitrate *

nitrate nitrates
Nitrate is a chemical compound that includes nitrogen and oxygen. Nitrates are used as fertilizers in agriculture.

- High levels of nitrate occur in Eastern England because of the heavy use of fertilizers.

N-MASS

nitric

[D.J.:ˈnaɪtrɪk]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtrɪk]

adj.

(尤指在五价状态下)氮的;含氮的

nitric

nitric
Nitric means relating to or containing nitrogen.

- Nitric oxide gobbles up ozone.

ADJ: ADJ n

nitric acid

nitric acid
Nitric acid is a strong colourless acid containing nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen.
N-UNCOUNT

nitro-

[ˈnaitrəu]

pref.

表示“硝基,硝石”之义

nitro-

nitro-
Nitro- combines with nouns to form other nouns referring to things which contain nitrogen and oxygen.

- ...highly corrosive substances such as nitro-phosphates.

COMB in N

nitrogen

[D.J.:ˈnaitrədʒən]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtrədʒən]

n.

〈化〉氮

nitrogen *

nitrogen
Nitrogen is a colourless element that has no smell and is usually found as a gas. It forms about 78% of the earth's atmosphere, and is found in all living things.
N-UNCOUNT

nitroglycerin

[D.J.:ˈnaitrəuˈɡlisəri:n]

[K.K.:ˌnaɪtroˈɡlɪsərɪn, -trə-]

n.

硝化甘油,炸药

nitroglycerin

nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin is a liquid that is used to make explosives and also in some medicines.
N-UNCOUNT also nitroglycerine .

nitrous

[D.J.:ˈnaitrəs]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪtrəs]

adj.

氮的,含氮的,硝石的

nitrous

nitrous
Nitrous means coming from, relating to, or containing nitrogen.

- Another group of gases like carbon monoxide are nitrous oxides.

ADJ: ADJ n

nitty-gritty

[D.J.:ˈnitiˈɡriti]

[K.K.:ˈnɪtiˈɡrɪti]

n.

事实真相,本质

nitty-gritty

nitty-gritty
If people get down to the nitty-gritty of a matter, situation, or activity, they discuss the most important, basic parts of it or facts about it. (INFORMAL)

- The city's newspapers still attempt to get down to the nitty gritty of investigative journalism.

- ...the nitty gritty of everyday politics.

N-SING: usu the N also nitty gritty .
= nuts and bolts

nitty-gritty

noun

basics

brass tacks informal

core

crux

essentials

fundamentals

gist

substance

nitwit

[D.J.:ˈnɪtˌwɪt]

[K.K.:ˈnɪtˌwɪt]

n.

笨人;傻子

nitwit

nitwit nitwits
If you refer to someone as a nitwit , you think they are stupid or silly. (INFORMAL)

- You great nitwit!.

- Hollywood was full of `nitwits'.

N-COUNT disapproval
= nit twit

nitwit

noun Informal

fool

dimwit informal

dummy slang

halfwit

nincompoop

oaf

simpleton

no

[nəu]

adv.

不, 不是

毫不, 一点也不

adj.

没有的

不许的, 不可能的

完全不是的, 远非的

n.

不, 拒绝, 否定, 否认

反对票, 投反对票者

no.

[ˈnʌmbə]

n.

号码,编号

noes

[D.J.:nəʊz]

[K.K.:noz]

n.

不,拒绝,否决票(no的复数)

no *****

1. no
You use no to give a negative response to a question.

- `Any problems?' --- `No, I'm O.K.'.

- `Haven't you got your driver's licence?' --- `No.'

CONVENTION formulae
≠ yes

2. no
You use no to say that something that someone has just said is not true.

- `We thought you'd emigrated.' --- `No, no.'.

- `You're getting worse than me.' --- `No I'm not.'

CONVENTION
≠ yes

3. no
You use no to refuse an offer or a request, or to refuse permission.

- `Here, have mine.' --- `No, this is fine.'.

- `Can you just get the message through to Pete for me?' --- `No, no I can't.'.

- After all, the worst the boss can do is say no if you ask him.

CONVENTION
≠ O.K.

4. no
You use no to indicate that you do not want someone to do something.

- No. I forbid it. You cannot.

- She put up a hand to stop him. `No. It's not right. We mustn't.'

EXCLAM

5. no
You use no to acknowledge a negative statement or to show that you accept and understand it.

- `We're not on the main campus.' --- `No.'.

- `It's not one of my favourite forms of music.' --- `No.'.

- `I don't know him, do I?' --- `No, you don't.'

CONVENTION
= true right

6. no
You use no before correcting what you have just said.

- I was twenty-two -- no, twenty-one.

CONVENTION

7. no
You use no to express shock or disappointment at something you have just been told.

- `John phoned to say that his computer wasn't working.' --- `Oh God no.'.

- `We went with Sarah and the married man that she's currently seeing.' --- `Oh no.'

EXCLAM feelings

8. no
You use no to mean not any or not one person or thing.

- He had no intention of paying the cash.

- No job has more influence on the future of the world.

- No letters survive from this early period.

DET-NEG

9. no
You use no to emphasize that someone or something is not the type of thing mentioned.

- He is no singer.

- I make it no secret that our worst consultants earn nothing.

- Kathryn was no beauty at the best of times.

DET-NEG: DET n-sing emphasis

10. no
You can use no to make the negative form of a comparative.

- It is to start broadcasting no later than the end of 1994.

- Yesterday no fewer than thirty climbers reached the summit.

- It would be unfair to suggest that he will be no more effective than his predecessors.

- He liked the Secretary no better than his assistant.

ADV: ADV compar

11. no
You use no in front of an adjective and noun to make the noun group mean its opposite.

- Sometimes a bit of selfishness, if it leads to greater self-knowledge, is no bad thing.

- Today's elections are of no great importance in themselves.

DET-NEG: DET adj n

12. no
No is used in notices or instructions to say that a particular activity or thing is forbidden.

- The captain turned out the `no smoking' signs.

- No talking after lights out.

- ...a notice saying `No Dogs'.

DET-NEG

13. no noes or no's
A no is a person who has answered `no' to a question or who has voted against something. No is also used to refer to their answer or vote.

- According to the latest opinion polls, the noes have 50 percent, the yeses 35 percent.

- French officials say the government has made contingency plans in the event that the no's win.

N-COUNT
≠ yes

14. no
If you say there is no doing a particular thing, you mean that it is very difficult or impossible to do that thing.

- There is no going back to the life she had.

- There is no doubting them now.

PHR: PHR -ing emphasis

no

interjection

1.

never

nay

not at all

no way

noun

2.

refusal

denial

negation

No

[D.J.:nəʊ]

[K.K.:no]

<化>元素锘(nobelium)的符号

No. *

No.
No. is a written abbreviation for number .

- That year he was named the nation's No. 1 college football star.

- Columbia Law Review, vol. no. 698 p1317.

= number

no-account

[D.J.:ˈnəuəˈkaunt]

[K.K.:ˈnoəˌkaʊnt]

n.

不中用的人

adj.

无价值的

no-account

no-account.
A no-account person or thing is one that you consider worthless. (AM, INFORMAL)

- ...a mongrelized, no-account place.

ADJ: usu ADJ n disapproval

nob

[D.J.:nɔb]

[K.K.:nɑb]

n.

头,〈俚〉大人物,有钱人

vt.

打头

nob

nob nobs
If you refer to a group of people as the nobs , you mean they are rich or come from a much higher social class than you do. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- ...the nobs who live in the Big House...

- I'm not tellin' you. Not now you're in with the nobs.

N-COUNT: usu pl

nob

noun

aristocrat

bigwig informal

toff Brit. slang

V.I.P.

no-ball

[ˌnəuˈbɔ:l]

n.,vi

(板球)犯规投球

no-ball

no-ball no-balls
In cricket, a no-ball is a ball that is bowled in a way that is not allowed by the rules. It results in an extra run being given to the side that is batting.

- In the nine matches up to the final, England bowled 48 wides and 29 no-balls.

N-COUNT

nobble

[D.J.:ˈnɔbl]

[K.K.:ˈnɑbəl]

vt.

(暗中破坏)使其不能取胜,诈骗

nobble

1. nobble nobbles nobbling nobbled
If someone nobbles an important group of people such as a committee, they offer them money or threaten them in order to make them do something. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The trial was stopped before Christmas after allegations of attempts to nobble the jury.

- Sir Gerald had been nobbled.

VB

2. nobble nobbles nobbling nobbled
If someone nobbles a racehorse, they deliberately harm it, often using drugs, in order to prevent it from winning a race. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Jockey Club officials have identified the drug used to nobble two horses at Doncaster last week.

VB

3. nobble nobbles nobbling nobbled
If someone nobbles your plans or chances of succeeding, they prevent you from achieving what you want. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- His opportunity to re-establish himself had been nobbled by the manager's tactics.

VB
= thwart

nobble

verb

bribe

get at

influence

intimidate

win over

Nobel Prize

Nobel Prize Nobel Prizes
A Nobel Prize is one of a set of prizes that are awarded each year to people who have done important work in science, literature, or economics, or for world peace.

- ...the Nobel Prize for literature.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

nobility

[D.J.:nəʊˈbɪlɪti:]

[K.K.:noˈbɪlɪti]

n.

贵族阶层

高贵,高尚,崇高

nobility *

1. nobility
The nobility of a society are all the people who have titles and belong to a high social class.

- They married into the nobility and entered the highest ranks of state administration.

- Despite its lack of formal power the nobility was not powerless.

N-SING-COLL: the N
= aristocracy

2. nobility
A person's nobility is their noble character and behaviour. (FORMAL)

- ...his nobility of character, and his devotion to his country.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
= dignity

nobility

noun

1.

integrity

honour

incorruptibility

uprightness

virtue

2.

aristocracy

elite

lords

nobles

patricians

peerage

upper class

noble

[D.J.:ˈnəubl]

[K.K.:ˈnobəl]

adj.

高尚的

雄伟的

贵族的, 显贵的

n.

贵族

nobler

adj.

高贵的,华丽的

noblest

adj.

高贵的,华丽的

nobly

[D.J.:ˈnəʊblɪ]

[K.K.:ˈnoblɪ]

adv.

高贵地;高尚地;勇敢地

贵族出身地

noble **

1. noble nobler noblest
If you say that someone is a noble person, you admire and respect them because they are unselfish and morally good.

- He was an upright and noble man who was always willing to help in any way he could.

- I wanted so much to believe he was pure and noble.

ADJ-GRADED approval

2. nobly

- Eric's sister had nobly volunteered to help with the gardening.

- They have supported us nobly in this war.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. noble nobler noblest
If you say that something is a noble idea, goal, or action, you admire it because it is based on high moral principles.

- He had implicit faith in the noble intentions of the Emperor.

- We'll always justify our actions with noble sounding theories.

- Their cause was noble.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= virtuous

4. noble nobler noblest
If you describe something as noble , you think that its appearance or quality is very impressive, making it superior to other things of its type.

- ...the great parks with their noble trees.

- ...a noble and pure wine.

ADJ-GRADED
= fine

5. noble nobler noblest
Noble means belonging to a high social class and having a title.

- ...rich and noble families...

- Although he was of noble birth he lived as a poor man.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= aristocratic

6. noble nobles
In former times, people who belonged to a high social class and had titles such as `Baron' or `Duke' were referred to as nobles .

- More and more nobles made Moscow their home during Catherine's reign.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= aristocrat

noble

adjective

1.

worthy

generous

honourable

magnanimous

upright

virtuous

2.

aristocratic

blue-blooded

highborn

lordly

patrician

titled

3.

great

dignified

distinguished

grand

imposing

impressive

lofty

splendid

stately

noun

4.

lord

aristocrat

nobleman

peer

nobleman

[D.J.:ˈnəʊbəlmən]

[K.K.:ˈnobəlmən]

n.

贵族

nobleman

nobleman noblemen
In former times, a nobleman was a man who was a member of the nobility.

- It had once been the home of a wealthy nobleman.

N-COUNT
= aristocrat

noblesse oblige

noblesse oblige
Noblesse oblige is the idea that people with advantages, for example those of a high social class, should help and do things for other people. (FORMAL)

- They did so without hope of further profit and out of a sense of noblesse oblige.

N-UNCOUNT

noblewoman

[D.J.:ˈnəubəlwumən]

[K.K.:ˈnobəlˌwʊmən]

n.

贵族的妇女,贵妇人

noblewoman

noblewoman noblewomen
In former times, a noblewoman was a woman who was a member of the nobility.

- ...a religious retreat for Russian noblewomen and members of royalty.

N-COUNT
= aristocrat

nobody

[D.J.:ˈnəubədi]

[K.K.:ˈnoˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi, -bədi]

pron.

没有人, 无人, 谁也不

n.

小人物, 无足轻重的人

nobody ****

1. nobody
Nobody means not a single person, or not a single member of a particular group or set.

- They were shut away in a little room where nobody could overhear.

- Nobody realizes how bad things are.

- Nobody ever spoke to me at press conferences.

- Nobody else in the neighbourhood can help.

PRON-INDEF-NEG: usu PRON v
= no-one

2. nobody nobodies
If someone says that a person is a nobody , they are saying in an unkind way that the person is not at all important.

- A man in my position has nothing to fear from a nobody like you.

N-COUNT: usu a N in sing disapproval
= nonentity

nobody

pronoun

1.

no-one

noun

2.

nonentity

cipher

lightweight informal

menial

no-brainer

1. no-brainer no-brainers
If you describe a question or decision as a no-brainer , you mean that it is a very easy one to answer or make. (AM, INFORMAL)

- If it's illegal for someone under 21 to drive, it should be illegal for them to drink and drive. That's a no-brainer.

N-COUNT

2. no-brainer no-brainers
If you describe a person or action as a no-brainer , you mean that they are stupid. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

no claims

no claims
A no claims discount or bonus is a reduction in the money that you have to pay for an insurance policy, which you get when you have not made any claims in the previous year.

- Motorists could lose their no-claims discount, even if they are not at fault in an accident.

ADJ: ADJ n also no-claims .

no-confidence *

1. no-confidence
If members of an organization pass a vote or motion of no-confidence in someone, they take a vote which shows that they no longer support that person or their ideas.

- A call for a vote of no-confidence in the president was rejected.

- The students passed a motion of no-confidence in the college principal.

- ...a no-confidence motion.

N-UNCOUNT: usu n of N, N n
≠ confidence

2. no-confidence
You can refer to something people say or do as a vote of no-confidence when it shows that they no longer support a particular person or organization.

- Many police officers view this action as a vote of no-confidence in their service.

N-UNCOUNT: usu n of N
≠ confidence

nocturnal

[D.J.:nɔkˈtɜ:nəl]

[K.K.:nɑkˈtə..nəl]

adj.

夜的,夜间发生的

(动物)夜间活动的

nocturnality

n.

夜间活动性

nocturnally

adv.

夜间活动地

nocturnality

[ˌnɔktə:ˈnæliti]

n.

夜间活动(性),夜间活动的习惯

nocturnally

在夜里;每夜

nocturnal *

1. nocturnal
Nocturnal means occurring at night.

- The dog's main duties will be to accompany me on long nocturnal walks.

- ...the immensity of the nocturnal sky.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= night-time

2. nocturnal
Nocturnal creatures are active mainly at night.

- When there is a full moon, this nocturnal rodent is careful to stay in its burrow.

ADJ

nocturnal

adjective

nightly

night-time

nocturne

[D.J.:ˈnɔktə:n]

[K.K.:ˈnɑkˌtɚn]

n.

夜曲,夜景

nocturne

nocturne nocturnes
A nocturne is a short gentle piece of music, often one written to be played on the piano.

- ...Chopin's Piano Nocturne in B flat.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

nod

[D.J.:nɔd]

[K.K.:nɑd]

vt. & vi.

点头

vi.

打盹, 打瞌睡

n.

点头

nodding

[D.J.:ˈnɔdiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈnɑdɪŋ]

adj.

点头的,低垂的,昏昏欲睡的

nod ***

1. nod nods nodding nodded
If you nod , you move your head downwards and upwards to show that you are answering `yes' to a question, or to show agreement, understanding, or approval.

- `Are you okay?' I asked. She nodded and smiled.

- David said nothing, but simply nodded, as if understanding perfectly.

- Jacques tasted one and nodded his approval.

- `Oh, yes,' she nodded. `I understand you very well.'

VB: no passive

2. nod nods
Also a noun.

- She gave a nod and said, `I see'.

- `Probably,' agreed Hunter, with a slow nod of his head.

- He gave Sabrina a quick nod of acknowledgement.

N-COUNT: usu a N

3. nod nods nodding nodded
If you nod in a particular direction, you bend your head once in that direction in order to indicate something or to give someone a signal.

- `Does it work?' he asked, nodding at the piano.

- She nodded towards the drawing room. `He's in there.'.

- He lifted the end of the canoe, nodding to me to take up mine.

VB: no passive

4. nod nods nodding nodded
If you nod , you bend your head once, as a way of saying hello or goodbye.

- All the girls nodded and said `Hi'.

- Tom nodded a greeting but didn't say anything.

- Both of them smiled and nodded at friends.

- They nodded goodnight to the security man.

VB: no passive

5. nod nods nodding nodded
In soccer, if a player nods the ball in a particular direction, they hit the ball there with their head. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Taylor leapt up to nod the ball home.

- Brian McClair nodded in his twenty-third goal of the season.

VB
= head

6. nod
If you give someone the nod , you give them permission to do something. (INFORMAL)

- `Keep him outside till I give you the nod.'

PHR: V inflects

7. nod
If a proposal is accepted on the nod , it is accepted without being questioned or argued about. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He has always argued that the party cannot be seen to let the treaty through on the nod.

- Big issues are going through on the nod.

PHR: PHR after v

nod

verb

1.

acknowledge

bow

gesture

indicate

signal

2.

sleep

doze

drowse

nap

noun

3.

gesture

acknowledgment

greeting

indication

sign

signal

nod off ***

nod off nods off; nodding off; nodded off
If you nod off , you fall asleep, especially when you had not intended to. (INFORMAL)

- The judge appeared to nod off yesterday while a witness was being cross-examined.

- He was nodding off to sleep in an armchair.

PHR-V
= doze off

node

[D.J.:nəud]

[K.K.:nod]

n.

节, 瘤

结节

植物的节

(计算机网络的)节点

node *

node nodes
A node is a point, especially in the form of lump or swelling, where one thing joins another.

- Cut them off cleanly through the stem just below the node.

- ...nerve nodes.

N-COUNT

nodule

[D.J.:ˈnɔdʒu:l]

[K.K.:ˈnɑdʒul]

n.

(尤指植物上的)节结,小瘤

nodule,Colliculus

<拉>小丘

nodule

1. nodule nodules
A nodule is a small round lump that can appear on your body and is a sign of an illness. (MEDICAL)

- In a typical case, there is a small inflamed nodule just under the skin.

N-COUNT

2. nodule nodules
A nodule is a small round lump which is found on the roots of certain plants.

- ...bacteria that live in root nodules on certain plants.

N-COUNT: oft n N

Noel

[ˈnəuəl]

诺埃尔(姓氏, 女子名)

Noel

Noel
Noel is sometimes printed on Christmas cards and Christmas wrapping paper to mean `Christmas'.
N-PROPER

no-fly zone

no-fly zone no-fly zones
A no-fly zone is an area of sky where military and other aircraft are not allowed to fly, especially because of a war.
N-COUNT

no-go area

1. no-go area no-go areas
If you refer to a place as a no-go area , you mean that it has a reputation for violence and crime which makes people frightened to go there. (mainly BRIT)

- ...a subway system whose reputation for violence and lawlessness makes it a no-go area for many natives of the city.

N-COUNT

2. no-go area no-go areas
A no-go area is a place which is controlled by a group of people who use force to prevent other people from entering it. (mainly BRIT)

- The area of the President's residence is a no-go area after six p.m.

- The security forces entered the IRA's no-go areas.

N-COUNT

noise

[D.J.:nɔiz]

[K.K.:nɔɪz]

n.

噪声, 喧哗声

声音; 响声

noises

n.

噪音

noise ***

1. noise
Noise is a loud or unpleasant sound.

- There was too much noise in the room and he needed peace.

- The noise of bombs and guns was incessant.

- The baby, filled with alarm at the darkness and the noise, began to yell.

N-UNCOUNT
= racket

2. noise noises
A noise is a sound that someone or something makes.

- Sir Gerald made a small noise in his throat.

- ...birdsong and other animal noises...

- She'd been working in her room till a noise had disturbed her.

N-COUNT
= sound

3. noise noises
If someone makes noises of a particular kind about something, they say things that indicate their attitude to it in a rather indirect or vague way.

- The President took care to make encouraging noises about the future.

- His mother had also started making noises about it being time for him to leave home.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp

4. noise
If you say that someone makes the right noises or makes all the right noises , you think that they are showing concern or enthusiasm about something because they feel they ought to rather than because they really want to.

- But at the annual party conference he always made the right noises.

- He was making all the right noises about multi-party democracy and human rights.

PHR: V inflects

noise

noun

sound

clamour

commotion

din

hubbub

racket

row

uproar

noiseless

[D.J.:ˈnɔɪzlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈnɔɪzlɪs]

adj.

没有噪音的;寂静的;不出声的

noiselessly

[D.J.:ˈnɔɪzləseɪ]

adv.

无声地;静静地

noiseless

1. noiseless
Something or someone that is noiseless does not make any sound.

- The snow was light and noiseless as it floated down.

ADJ-GRADED
= silent ≠ loud

2. noiselessly

- I shut the door noiselessly behind me.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

noiseless

adjective

silent

hushed

inaudible

mute

quiet

soundless

still

noisome

[D.J.:ˈnɔɪsəm]

[K.K.:ˈnɔɪsəm]

adj.

<文>有害的,有毒的

恶臭的；讨厌的, 使人不快的

noisome

noisome
If you describe something or someone as noisome , you mean that you find them extremely unpleasant. (LITERARY)

- Noisome vapours arise from the mud left in the docks.

- His noisome reputation for corruption had already begun to spread.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= noxious

noisome

adjective

1.

poisonous

bad

harmful

pernicious

pestilential

unhealthy

unwholesome

2.

offensive

disgusting

fetid

foul

malodorous

noxious

putrid

smelly

stinking

noisily

adv.

吵闹地

noisy

[D.J.:ˈnɔizi]

[K.K.:ˈnɔɪzi]

adj.

嘈杂的; 喧闹的

noisy **

1. noisy noisier noisiest
A noisy person or thing makes a lot of loud or unpleasant noise.

- ...my noisy old typewriter...

- His daughter was very active and noisy in the mornings.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ quiet

2. noisily

- The students on the grass bank cheered noisily.

- She sat by the window, noisily gulping her morning coffee.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj
= loudly

3. noisy noisier noisiest
A noisy place is full of a lot of loud or unpleasant noise.

- It's a noisy place with film clips showing constantly on one of the cafe's giant screens.

- The baggage hall was crowded and noisy.

- Benitses is the noisiest resort on Corfu, with bars, discos and tavernas.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ quiet peaceful

4. noisy noisier noisiest
If you describe someone as noisy , you are critical of them for trying to attract attention to their views by frequently and forcefully discussing them.

- It might, at last, silence the small but noisy intellectual clique.

- ...the noisy and unpopular fringe groups that are attempting to change the culture of their society.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= strident

noisy

adjective

loud

boisterous

cacophonous

clamorous

deafening

ear-splitting

strident

tumultuous

uproarious

vociferous

nomad

[D.J.:ˈnəʊˌmæd]

[K.K.:ˈnoˌmæd]

n.

游牧部落的一员,游牧民

流浪者

nomadism

n.

游牧生活;流浪生活

nomadism

[ˈnɔmədizəm]

n.

游牧,流浪

nomad *

nomad nomads
A nomad is a member of a group of people who travel from place to place rather than living in one place all the time.

- ...a country of nomads who raise cattle and camels.

N-COUNT

nomad

noun

wanderer

drifter

itinerant

migrant

rambler

rover

vagabond

nomadic

[D.J.:nəʊˈmædɪk]

adj.

游牧的;流浪的

nomadic *

1. nomadic
Nomadic people travel from place to place rather than living in one place all the time.

- ...the great nomadic tribes of the Western Sahara.

ADJ

2. nomadic
If someone has a nomadic way of life, they travel from place to place and do not have a settled home.

- The daughter of a railway engineer, she at first had a somewhat nomadic childhood.

ADJ-GRADED

nomadic

adjective

wandering

itinerant

migrant

peripatetic

roaming

roving

travelling

vagrant

no-man's land *

1. no-man's land
No-man's land is an area of land that is not owned or controlled by anyone, for example the area of land between two opposing armies.

- In Tobruk, leading a patrol in no-man's land, he was blown up by a mortar bomb.

- ...the no-man's land between the Jordanian and Iraqi frontier posts.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

2. no-man's land
If you refer to a situation as a no-man's land between different things, you mean that it seems unclear because it does not fit into any of the categories.

- The play is set in the dangerous no-man's land between youth and adolescence.

- The failure has helped to drive Labour even further into a no-man's land of ideological muddle.

N-SING
= grey area

nom de guerre

nom de guerre noms de guerre
A nom de guerre is a false name which is sometimes used by people who belong to an unofficial military organization. (FORMAL)

- ...a Serb militia leader who goes by the nom de guerre Arkan.

N-COUNT

nom de plume

nom de plume noms de plume
An author's nom de plume is a name that he or she uses instead of their real name. (FORMAL)

- She writes under the nom de plume of Alison Cooper.

N-COUNT
= pen name pseudonym

nom de plume

noun

pseudonym

alias

assumed name

nom de guerre

pen name

nomenclature

[D.J.:ˈnəʊmənˌkleɪtʃə, nəʊˈmenklə-]

[K.K.:ˈnomənˌkletʃɚ, noˈmɛnklə-]

n.

系统命名法；命名(过程)

(某一学科的)术语,专门名称

nomenclature

nomenclature
The nomenclature of a particular set of things is the system of naming those things. (FORMAL)

- ...mistakes arising from ignorance of the nomenclature of woody plants.

- ...the internationally agreed rules of chemical nomenclature.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, usu supp N

nomenclature

noun

terminology

classification

codification

phraseology

taxonomy

vocabulary

nomenklatura

nomenklatura
In former communist countries, the nomenklatura were the people the communist party approved of and appointed to positions of authority.

- Ordinary people have always resented the nomenklatura's privileges.

N-SING: the N

nominal

[D.J.:ˈnɔminəl]

[K.K.:ˈnɑmənəl]

adj.

名义上的, 有名无实的

(金额)很少的; 象征性的

nominally

[D.J.:ˈn ɔmɪnəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈn ɑmən l..ɪ]

adv.

在名义上;表面地

nominal **

1. nominal
You use nominal to indicate that someone or something is supposed to have a particular identity or status, but in reality does not have it.

- As he was still not allowed to run a company, his wife became its nominal head.

- I was brought up a nominal Christian.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= in name only

2. nominally

- The Sultan was still nominally the Chief of Staff.

- ...South Africa's nominally independent homeland of Transkei...

- Nominally she is the king's prisoner.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV before v
= technically

3. nominal
A nominal price or sum of money is very small in comparison with the real cost or value of the thing that is being bought or sold.

- I am prepared to sell my shares at a nominal price.

- All the ferries carry bicycles free or for a nominal charge.

ADJ: ADJ n
= token

4. nominal
In economics, the nominal value, rate, or level of something is the one expressed in terms of current prices or figures, without taking into account general changes in prices that take place over time.

- Inflation would be lower and so nominal rates would be rather more attractive in real terms.

- In 1990 personal incomes grew a nominal 6.8 per cent.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ real

nominal

adjective

1.

so-called

formal

ostensible

professed

puppet

purported

supposed

theoretical

titular

2.

small

inconsiderable

insignificant

minimal

symbolic

token

trifling

trivial

nominal group

nominal group nominal groups
A nominal group is the same as a noun group .
N-COUNT

nominate

[D.J.:ˈnɔmineit]

[K.K.:ˈnɑməˌnet]

vt.

提名…为候选人; 任命

nominate **

1. nominate nominates nominating nominated
If someone is nominated for a job or position, their name is formally suggested as a candidate for it.

- Under party rules each candidate has to be nominated by 55 Labour MPs.

- The public will be able to nominate candidates for awards such as the MBE.

- ...a presidential decree nominating him as sports ambassador.

VB
= propose put forward

2. nominate nominates nominating nominated
If you nominate someone to a job or position, you formally choose them to hold that job or position.

- Voters will choose fifty of the seventy five deputies. The Emir will nominate the rest.

- The European Community would nominate two members to the committee.

- He was nominated by the African National Congress as one of its team at the Groote Sehuur talks.

- It is legally possible for an elderly person to nominate someone to act for them, should they become incapable of looking after themselves.

VB
= appoint

3. nominate nominates nominating nominated
If someone or something such as an actor or a film is nominated for an award, someone formally suggests that they should be given that award.

- Practically every movie he made was nominated for an Oscar.

- ...a campaign to nominate the twice World Champion as Sports Personality of the Year.

VB
= put forward

nominate

verb

name

appoint

assign

choose

designate

elect

propose

recommend

select

suggest

nomination

[D.J.:ˌnɔməˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌnɑməˈneʃən]

n.

提名,任命

nomination **

1. nomination nominations
A nomination is an official suggestion of someone as a candidate in an election or for a job.

- ...his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination.

- ...a list of nominations for senior lectureships.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

2. nomination nominations
A nomination for an award is an official suggestion that someone or something should be given that award.

- They say he's certain to get a nomination for best supporting actor.

- Alan Parker's film `The Commitments' has six nominations.

N-COUNT: usu N for n

3. nomination nominations
The nomination of someone to a particular job or position is their appointment to that job or position.

- They opposed the nomination of a junior officer to the position of Inspector General of Police.

- On the death of Leo there were two main candidates for nomination as his replacement.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= appointment

nomination

noun

choice

appointment

designation

election

proposal

recommendation

selection

suggestion

nominative

[D.J.:ˈnɔməˌneɪtɪv]

[K.K.:ˈnɑməˌnetɪv]

n.

<语>主格

adj.

主格的

具有姓名的

nominative

nominative
In the grammar of some languages, the nominative or the nominative case is the case used for a noun when it is the subject of a verb. Compare accusative .
N-SING: the N

nominee

[D.J.:ˌnɔməˈni:]

[K.K.:ˌnɑməˈni]

n.

被提名者, 被任命者

nominees

被提名者

nominee **

nominee nominees
A nominee is someone who is nominated for a job, position, or award.

- His nominee for vice president was elected only after a second ballot.

- I was delighted to be a nominee and to receive such a prestigious award in recognition of our company's achievements.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

nominee

noun

candidate

aspirant

contestant

entrant

prot´eg´e

runner

non-

[nɔn]

prep.

非,无,不

non-

1. non-
Non- is used in front of adjectives and nouns to form adjectives that describe something as not having a particular quality or feature.

- It is the first such treaty to put effective controls on non-nuclear weapons.

- Culture plays an important part in non-verbal communication.

PREFIX

2. non-
Non- is used in front of nouns to form nouns which refer to situations where a particular action has not or will not take place.

- He was disqualified from the council for non-attendance.

- Both countries agreed that normal relations would be based on non-interference in each other's internal affairs.

PREFIX

3. non-
Non- is used in front of nouns to form nouns which refer to people who do not belong to a particular group or category.

- How did these people, Chinese and non-Chinese, create the economic miracle Hong Kong is today?

PREFIX

non-aggression

n.

不侵犯,不侵略

non-aggression

non-aggression
If a country adopts a policy of non-aggression , it declares that it will not attack or try to harm a particular country in any way.

- The agreement includes a pledge of non-aggression.

- A non-aggression pact will be signed between the two countries.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp (AM) also nonaggression

non-alcoholic

adj.

不含酒精的

non-alcoholic

non-alcoholic
A non-alcoholic drink does not contain alcohol.

- ...bottles of non-alcoholic beer.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) also nonalcoholic
≠ alcoholic

non-aligned

[D.J.:ˈnɔnəˈlaind]

[K.K.:ˌnɑnəˈlaɪnd]

adj.

(指国家)不结盟的

non-aligned *

non-aligned
Non-aligned countries did not support or were in no way linked to groups of countries headed by the United States or the former Soviet Union.

- ...a meeting of foreign ministers from non-aligned countries.

- ...India's role as the most influential member of the non-aligned movement.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) also nonaligned
≠ aligned

non-alignment

non-alignment
Non-alignment is the state or policy of being non-aligned.

- The Afro-Asian nations had approved the basic general principles of non-alignment.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) also nonalignment
≠ alignment

nonchalance

[D.J.:ˌnɔnʃəˈlɑ:ns]

[K.K.:ˌnɑnʃəˈlɑns]

n.

漠不关心,无动于衷,冷淡

nonchalant

[D.J.:ˌnɔnʃəˈlɑ:nt]

[K.K.:ˌnɑnʃəˈlɑnt]

adj.

漠不关心的,无动于衷的

nonchalantly

adv.

漠不关心地,无动于衷地

nonchalantly

[D.J.:ˈn ɔnʃələntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈn ɑnʃələntlɪ]

adv.

漠不关心地;冷淡地;满不在乎地

nonchalant *

1. nonchalant
If you describe someone as nonchalant , you mean that they appear not to worry or care about things and that they seem very calm.

- Clark's mother is nonchalant about her role in her son's latest work.

- Denis tried to look nonchalant and uninterested.

- It merely underlines our rather more nonchalant attitude to life.

ADJ-GRADED
= casual

2. nonchalance

- Affecting nonchalance, I handed her two hundred dollar bills.

N-UNCOUNT

3. nonchalantly

- `Does Will intend to return with us?' Joanna asked as nonchalantly as she could.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj
= casually

nonchalance

noun

indifference

calm

composure

equanimity

imperturbability

sang-froid

self-possession

unconcern

nonchalant

adjective

casual

blas´e

calm

careless

indifferent

insouciant

laid-back informal

offhand

unconcerned

unperturbed

non-combatant

[D.J.:ˌnɔnkəmˈbætənt]

[K.K.:ˌnɑnkəmˈbætnt, -ˈkɑmbətnt]

n.

非战斗人员(尤指军中，如军医或牧师)

non-combatant

1. non-combatant non-combatants
Non-combatant troops are members of the armed forces whose duties do not include fighting.

- The General does not like non-combatant personnel near a scene of action.

N-COUNT: usu N n (AM) usually noncombatant
≠ combatant

2. non-combatant non-combatants
In a war, non-combatants are people who are not members of the armed forces.

- The Red Cross has arranged two local ceasefires, allowing non-combatants to receive medical help.

N-COUNT: usu pl (AM) usually noncombatant
= civilian ≠ combatant

non-commissioned

[D.J.:ˌnɔnkəˈmiʃənd]

[K.K.:ˌnɑnkəˈmɪʃənd]

adj.

无军官衔委任状的

non-commissioned

non-commissioned
A non-commissioned officer in the armed forces is someone with a rank such as corporal or sergeant who used to have a lower rank, rather than an officer of higher rank who has been given a commission.
ADJ: ADJ n

noncommittal

[D.J.:ˌn ɔnkəˈmɪtl]

[K.K.:ˌn ɑnkəˈmɪt l..]

adj.

不作许诺的;不表态的

不确定的;含糊的

noncommittal

1. noncommittal
You can describe someone as noncommittal when they deliberately do not express their opinion or intentions clearly.

- Mr Hall is non-committal about the number of jobs that the development corporation has created.

- Sylvia's face was noncommittal.

- I've got a nasty feeling that I shall get a very bland non-committal answer.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ also non-committal .

2. noncommittally

- `I like some of his novels better than others,' I said noncommittally.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

noncommittal

adjective

evasive

cautious

circumspect

equivocal

guarded

neutral

politic

temporizing

tentative

vague

wary

nonconformist

[D.J.:ˌnɔnkənˈfɔ:mɪst]

[K.K.:ˌnɑnkənˈfɔrmɪst]

n.

不信奉英国国教的新教教徒

不墨守成规者

nonconformist

1. nonconformist
If you say that someone's way of life or opinions are nonconformist , you mean that they are different from those of most people.

- Their views are non-conformist and their political opinions are extreme.

- Your non-conformist ways will probably get you into trouble.

- ...a nonconformist lifestyle.

ADJ-GRADED also non-conformist .
= unconventional ≠ conventional

2. nonconformist nonconformists
A nonconformist is someone who is nonconformist.

- Victoria stood out as a dazzling non-conformist.

N-COUNT also non-conformist .

3. nonconformist
In Britain, nonconformist churches are Protestant churches which are not part of the Church of England.

- His father was a Nonconformist minister.

ADJ: ADJ n also non-conformist .

4. nonconformist nonconformists
A nonconformist is a member of a nonconformist church.

- Although he seems to be an old-fashioned non-conformist, he is in fact a very devout Catholic.

N-COUNT also non-conformist .

nonconformist

noun

maverick

dissenter

eccentric

heretic

iconoclast

individualist

protester

radical

rebel

nonconformity

[D.J.:ˌnɔnkənˈfɔ:mɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌnɑnkənˈfɔrmɪti]

n.

新教教徒(总称)

不一致; 不符合

nonconformity

nonconformity
Nonconformity is behaviour or thinking which is different from that of most people.

- You're deliberately unconventional. Even your choice of clothes is a statement of your non-conformity.

- Lovelock's principled nonconformity can be traced to his childhood.

N-UNCOUNT also non-conformity .

nonconformity

noun

dissent

eccentricity

heresy

heterodoxy

non-custodial

1. non-custodial
If someone who has been found guilty of a crime or offence is given a non-custodial sentence, their punishment does not involve going to prison. (FORMAL)

- ...non-custodial punishments for minor criminals.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. non-custodial
The non-custodial parent in a couple who are separated or divorced is the parent who does not live with the children.

- More than half the children of divorce did not see the non-custodial parent on a regular basis.

ADJ: ADJ n

nondescript

[D.J.:ˌnɔndɪˈskrɪpt]

[K.K.:ˌnɑndɪˈskrɪpt]

adj.

无明显特征的,难以归类的,难以形容的

n.

难以形容或归类的人或物

nondescript

nondescript
If you describe something or someone as nondescript , you mean that their appearance is rather dull, and not at all interesting or attractive.

- Europa House is one of those hundreds of nondescript buildings along the Bath Road.

- ...a nondescript woman of uncertain age...

- Her clothes told me nothing: they were about as nondescript and lacking in chic as it was possible to be.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

nondescript

adjective

ordinary

commonplace

dull

featureless

run-of-the-mill

undistinguished

unexceptional

unremarkable

none

[D.J.:nʌn]

[K.K.:nʌn]

pron.

没有人; 一个也没有; 一点儿也没有

adv.

毫不, 毫无

不很, 不太

none ****

1. none
None of something means not even a small amount of it. None of a group of people or things means not even one of them.

- She did none of the maintenance on the vehicle itself.

- None of us knew how to treat her.

QUANT: QUANT of def-n

2. none
Also a pronoun.

- I turned to bookshops and libraries seeking information and found none.

- No one could imagine a great woman painter. None had existed yet.

- Only two cars produced by Austin-Morris could reach 100 mph and none could pass the 10-second acceleration test.

PRON-INDEF-NEG

3. none
If you say that someone will have none of something, or is having none of something, you mean that they refuse to accept it. (INFORMAL)

- He knew his own mind and was having none of their attempts to keep him at home.

PHR: be inflects, PHR n

4. none
None but means only. (FORMAL)

- None but God will ever know what I suffered.

- He whispered so softly that none but Julie heard him.

PHR: PHR n

5. none
You use none too in front of an adjective or adverb in order to emphasize that the quality mentioned is not present. (FORMAL)

- He was none too thrilled to hear from me at that hour.

- Her hand grasped my shoulder, none too gently.

PHR: PHR adj/adv emphasis

6. none
You use none the to say that someone or something does not have any more of a particular quality than they did before.

- You could end up committed to yet another savings scheme and none the wiser about managing your finances.

- He became convinced that his illness was purely imaginary: that made it none the better.

PHR: PHR compar
= no

none

pronoun

not any

nil

nobody

no-one

nothing

not one

zero

nonentity

[D.J.:nɔnˈentɪti:]

[K.K.:nɑnˈɛntɪti]

n.

无足轻重的人

nonentity

nonentity nonentities
If you refer to someone as a nonentity , you mean that they are not special or important in any way.

- Amidst the current bunch of nonentities, he is a towering figure.

- She was written off then as a political nonentity.

N-COUNT disapproval
= nobody

nonentity

noun

nobody

cipher

lightweight informal

mediocrity

small fry

non-essential

adj.

不重要的,非本质的

non-essential

1. non-essential
Non-essential means not absolutely necessary.

- The crisis has led to the closure of a number of non-essential government services.

- ...non-essential goods.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) also nonessential
≠ essential

2. non-essential non-essentials
Non-essentials are things that are not absolutely necessary.

- In a recession, consumers could be expected to cut down on non-essentials like toys.

N-PLURAL (AM) also nonessential
≠ necessities

nonetheless

[D.J.:ˌnʌnðəˈles]

[K.K.:ˌnʌnðəˈlɛs]

adv.

虽然如此,但是

nonetheless **

nonetheless
Nonetheless means the same as nevertheless . (FORMAL)

- There was still a long way to go. Nonetheless, some progress had been made.

- His face is serious but nonetheless very friendly.

ADV: ADV with cl
= nevertheless

nonetheless

adverb

nevertheless

despite that

even so

however

in spite of that

yet

non-event

[D.J.:nɔniˈvent]

[K.K.:ˈnɑnɪˌvɛnt]

n.

大肆宣传而结果并未举办的事,无效的事件

non-event

non-event non-events
If you say that something was a non-event , you mean that it was disappointing or dull, especially when this was not what you had expected.

- Unfortunately, the entire evening was not so much a disaster as a total non-event.

N-COUNT (AM) also nonevent
= anticlimax

non-executive *

1. non-executive
Someone who has a non-executive position in a company or organization gives advice but is not responsible for making decisions or ensuring that decisions are carried out.

- ...non-executive directors...

- The issue became whether he should leave altogether or remain as chairman in a non-executive role.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. non-executive non-executives
A non-executive is someone who has a non-executive position in a company or organization.
N-COUNT

non-existence

non-existence
Non-existence is the fact of not existing.

- I was left with puzzlement as to the existence or non-existence of God.

- The applause from the delegates was thin to the point of non-existence.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) usually and (BRIT) sometimes nonexistence
≠ existence

non-existent

adj.

不存在的

non-existent *

non-existent
If you say that something is non-existent , you mean that it does not exist when you feel that it should.

- Hygiene was non-existent: no running water, no bathroom.

- You'll take everything you're offered yet your own generosity is virtually non-existent.

ADJ (AM) usually and (BRIT) sometimes nonexistent

non-fat

non-fat
Non-fat foods have very low amounts of fat in them.

- ...plain non-fat yogurt...

- Non-fat dairy products supply the needed nutrients without excessive calories.

ADJ (AM) usually and (BRIT) sometimes nonfat
= fat-free

non-fiction

non-fiction
Non-fiction is writing that gives information or describes real events, rather than telling a story.

- The series will include both fiction and non-fiction.

- Lewis is the author of thirteen novels and ten non-fiction books.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also nonfiction .
≠ fiction

non-finite

adj.

非定形的

non-finite

non-finite
A non-finite clause is a clause which is based on an infinitive or a participle and has no tense. Compare finite .
ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) usually and (BRIT) sometimes nonfinite

non-governmental organization

non-governmental organization non-governmental organizations
A non-governmental organization is the same as an NGO .
N-COUNT

non-human

[nɔnˈhju:mən]

adj.

非人类的，不属于人类的

non-human

non-human
Non-human means not human or not produced by humans.

- Hostility towards outsiders is characteristic of both human and non-human animals.

ADJ also nonhuman .
≠ human

non-intervention

non-intervention
Non-intervention is the practice or policy of not becoming involved in a dispute or disagreement between other people and of not helping either side.

- Generally, I think the policy of non-intervention is the correct one.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) also nonintervention
≠ intervention

non-linear

adj.

非线性的

non-linear

non-linear
If you describe something as non-linear , you mean that it does not progress or develop smoothly from one stage to the next in a logical way. Instead, it makes sudden changes, or seems to develop in different directions at the same time.

- ...a non-linear narrative structure.

- ...a computer program that could help detect non-linear trends in currency markets.

ADJ also nonlinear
≠ linear

non-member

n.

非会员,非成员

non-member

non-member non-members
Non-members of a club or organization are people who are not members of it.

- The scheme is also open to non-members.

- Spain imposed levies on farm imports from non-member states.

N-COUNT: usu pl (AM) also nonmember
= guest ≠ member

non-nuclear

adj.

非核的,不涉及原子能的

non-nuclear

non-nuclear
Non-nuclear means not using or involving nuclear weapons or nuclear power.

- The agreement is the first postwar treaty to reduce non-nuclear weapons in Europe.

ADJ (AM) also nonnuclear

no-no

[D.J.:ˈnəuˌnəu]

[K.K.:ˈnoˌno]

n.

被禁止的东西; 不准干的事

no-no

no-no
If you say that something is a no-no , you think it is undesirable or unacceptable. (INFORMAL)

- We all know that cheating on our taxes is a no-no.

N-SING: a N

no-nonsense

[D.J.:ˈnəuˈnɔnsəns]

[K.K.:noˈnɑnˌsɛns, -səns]

adj.

实际的,严肃的

no-nonsense *

1. no-nonsense
If you describe someone as a no-nonsense person, you approve of the fact that they are efficient, direct, and quite tough.

- She saw herself as a direct, no-nonsense modern woman.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

2. no-nonsense
If you describe something as a no-nonsense thing, you approve of the fact that it is plain and does not have unnecessary parts.

- You'll need no-nonsense boots for the jungle.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval
≠ fancy

non-partisan

adj.

超党的,无党派的

non-partisan

non-partisan.
A person or group that is non-partisan does not support or help a particular political party or group.

- ...a non-partisan organization that does economic research for business and labor groups.

- ...the president's Thanksgiving Day call for a non-partisan approach to the problem.

ADJ
= neutral

non-payment

[ˌnɔnˈpeimənt]

n.

无力支付(账单、税款等)

non-payment *

non-payment
Non-payment is a failure to pay a sum of money that you owe.

- She has received an eviction order from the council for non-payment of rent.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n (AM) usually and (BRIT) sometimes nonpayment
≠ payment

nonplussed

[D.J.:ˌnɔnˈplʌst]

[K.K.: nɑnˈplʌst]

adj.

不知所措的,陷于窘境的

nonplussed

nonplussed
If you are nonplussed , you feel confused and unsure how to react.

- She expected him to ask for a scotch and was rather nonplussed when he asked her to mix him a martini and lemonade.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= at a loss

non-profit

adj.

非营利的

non-profit *

non-profit
A non-profit organization is one which is not run with the aim of making a profit.

- Her center is typical of many across the country -- a non-profit organization that cares for about 50 children.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also nonprofit .

non-profit-making

adj.

①非营利的②不赚钱的，赚不到钱的

non-profit-making

non-profit-making
A non-profit-making organization or charity is not run with the intention of making a profit. (mainly BRIT)

- ...the Film Theatre Foundation, a non-profit-making company which raises money for the arts.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also nonprofit-making .

non-proliferation

[D.J.:ˈnɔnprəuˌlifəˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌnɑnprəˌlɪfəˈreʃən]

n.

不扩散，防止核扩散

non-proliferation *

non-proliferation
Non-proliferation is the limiting of the production and spread of something such as nuclear or chemical weapons.

- France today announced its plans to join the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

- The declaration deals with disarmament and the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n also nonproliferation .

non-resident

[D.J.:ˌnɔnˈrezidənt]

[K.K.:nɑnˈrɛzɪdənt, -ˌdɛnt]

Ⅰadj.

〈正〉①不住在某地的②(指工作)不要求任职者住在工作地点的

Ⅱn.

不住在旅馆等中的人

non-resident

1. non-resident
A non-resident person is someone who is visiting a particular place but who does not live or stay there permanently.

- The paper said that 100,000 non-resident workers would have to be sent back to their home villages.

- ...non-resident voters.

ADJ (AM) also nonresident
≠ resident

2. non-resident non-residents
A non-resident is someone who is non-resident.

- Both hotels have gardens and restaurants open to non-residents.

N-COUNT (AM) also nonresident
≠ resident

nonsense

[D.J.:ˈnɔnsəns]

[K.K.:ˈnɑnˌsɛns, -səns]

n.

胡说; 废话

愚蠢的行为; 无聊的事物

nonsense **

1. nonsense
If you say that something spoken or written is nonsense , you mean that you consider it to be untrue or silly.

- Most orthodox doctors however dismiss this as complete nonsense.

- ...all that poetic nonsense about love...

- `I'm putting on weight.' --- `Nonsense my dear.'

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= rubbish

2. nonsense
You can use nonsense to refer to something that you think is foolish or that you disapprove of.

- Surely it is an economic nonsense to deplete the world of natural resources.

- I think there is a limit to how much of this nonsense people are going to put up with.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, usu supp N disapproval
= rubbish

3. nonsense
You can refer to spoken or written words that do not mean anything because they do not make sense as nonsense .

- ...a children's nonsense poem by Charles E Carryl.

N-UNCOUNT

4. nonsense
To make a nonsense of something or to make nonsense of it means to make it seem ridiculous or pointless.

- The fighting made a nonsense of peace pledges made in London last week.

- It makes nonsense of our own rules governing laws of adoption in this country.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

nonsense

noun

rubbish

balderdash

claptrap informal

double Dutch Brit. informal

drivel

gibberish

hot air informal

stupidity

tripe informal

twaddle

nonsensical

[D.J.:nɔnˈsensɪkəl]

[K.K.:nɑnˈsɛnsɪkəl]

adj.

无意义的;荒谬的;愚蠢的

nonsensical

nonsensical
If you say that something is nonsensical , you think it is stupid, ridiculous, or untrue.

- It seemed to me that Sir Robert's arguments were nonsensical.

- There were no nonsensical promises about reviving the economy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ disapproval
= absurd

nonsensical

adjective

senseless

absurd

crazy

foolish

inane

incomprehensible

irrational

meaningless

ridiculous

silly

non sequitur

non sequitur non sequiturs
A non sequitur is a statement, remark, or conclusion that does not follow naturally or logically from what has just been said. (FORMAL)

- Had she missed something important, or was this just a non sequitur?

N-VAR

non-smoker

[D.J.:nɔnˈsməukə]

[K.K.:ˌnɑnˈsmokɚ]

n.

①不吸烟的人②(火车等的)禁烟车厢

non-smoker *

non-smoker non-smokers
A non-smoker is someone who does not smoke.

- Nobody will be allowed to smoke in an office if there are non-smokers present.

N-COUNT also nonsmoker .

nonsmoker

[D.J.:ˌnɔnˈsməʊkə]

[K.K.:ˌnɑnˈsmokɚ]

n.

不抽烟的人

禁止抽烟的列车车厢

non-smoking

adj.

non-smoking

1. non-smoking
A non-smoking area in a public place is an area in which people are not allowed to smoke.

- More and more restaurants are providing non-smoking areas.

ADJ also nonsmoking .
≠ smoking

2. non-smoking
A non-smoking person is a person who does not smoke.

- The fertility of women who smoke is half that of non-smoking women.

ADJ also nonsmoking .

non-specific

adj.

不明确的;非特定的

non-specific

1. non-specific
Non-specific medical conditions or symptoms have more than one possible cause.

- She was a 37-year-old woman with a nine month history of non-specific headaches.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also nonspecific .

2. non-specific
Something that is non-specific is general rather than precise or exact.

- I intend to use these terms in a deliberately non-specific and all-embracing way.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also nonspecific .

non-standard

adj.

不标准的,不规范的(词、发音)

non-standard

non-standard
Non-standard things are different from the usual version or type of that thing.

- ...non-standard window shapes...

- The shop is completely out of non-standard sizes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) usually and (BRIT) sometimes nonstandard

non-starter

[nɔnˈstɑ:tə]

n.

①虽参赛但未上场跑的马②〈喻〉〈口〉无成功机会的事或人

non-starter

non-starter non-starters
If you describe a plan or idea as a non-starter , you mean that it has no chance of success. (INFORMAL)

- The United States is certain to reject the proposal as a non-starter.

- Some of the points that she put were indeed non-starters but some of them were really quite reasonable.

N-COUNT also nonstarter .

non-stick

[D.J.:ˈnɔnˌstɪk]

[K.K.:ˈnɑnˌstɪk]

adj.

不粘的

non-stick *

non-stick
Non-stick saucepans, frying pans, or baking tins have a special coating on the inside which prevents food from sticking to them.
ADJ: usu ADJ n also nonstick .

non-stop

[D.J.:ˈnɔnˈstɔp]

[K.K.:ˈnɑnˈstɑp]

adj. & adv.

不停的(地);不断的(地)

non-stop *

1. non-stop
Something that is non-stop continues without any pauses or interruptions.

- Many US cities now have non-stop flights to Aspen.

- ...80 minutes of non-stop music...

- The training was non-stop and continued for three days.

ADJ also nonstop .

2. non-stop
Also an adverb.

- Amy and her group had driven non-stop through Spain.

- The snow fell non-stop for 24 hours.

ADV: ADV after v also nonstop .

non-union

n.

不属于工会的

non-union

non-union
Non-union workers do not belong to a trade union or labor union. A non-union company or organization does not employ workers who belong to a trade union or labor union.

- The company originally intended to reopen the factory with non-union workers.

- Management hostility is apparent in about a third of non-union workplaces.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) nonunion

non-verbal

[D.J.:nɔnˈvɜ:bəl]

[K.K.:nɑnˈvə..bəl]

adj.

不使用语言(达意)的,非言语交际的

non-verbal

non-verbal
Non-verbal communication consists of things such as the expression on your face, your arm movements, or your tone of voice, which show how you feel about something without using words.

- Culture plays a large part in non-verbal communication.

- According to psychologist Martin Lloyd-Elliott, 90 per cent of communication between people is non-verbal.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also nonverbal .
≠ verbal

non-violence

[D.J.:ˌnɔnˈvaiələns]

[K.K.:nɑnˈvaɪələns]

n.

非暴力政策

non-violent

[D.J.:ˌnɔnˈvaɪələnt]

adj.

非暴力的

non-violent *

1. non-violent
Non-violent methods of bringing about change do not involve hurting people or causing damage.

- King was a worldwide symbol of non-violent protest against racial injustice.

- I would only belong to an environmental movement if it was explicitly non-violent.

ADJ-GRADED also nonviolent .
≠ violent

2. non-violence

- His commitment to non-violence led to a Nobel peace prize in 1989.

N-UNCOUNT

3. non-violent
You can refer to someone or something such as a crime as non-violent when that person or thing does not hurt or injure people.

- The judiciary must think very hard before jailing non-violent offenders.

- The signs suggest that the elections will be non-violent and fair.

ADJ-GRADED also nonviolent .
≠ violent

non-white

[D.J.:nɔnˈhwaɪt, -ˈwaɪt]

[K.K.:nɑnˈhwaɪt, -ˈwaɪt]

adj.

非白种(人)的

non-white *

1. non-white
A non-white person is a member of a race of people who are not of European origin.

- Non-white people are effectively excluded from certain jobs even though such a bar isn't explicit.

- 60 percent of the population is non-white.

ADJ (AM) also nonwhite
≠ white

2. non-white non-whites
Also a noun.

- Not one non-white has ever been selected to play for the team.

N-COUNT (AM) also nonwhite

noodle

[D.J.:ˈnu:dl]

[K.K.:ˈnudl]

n.

面条

傻子, 笨蛋

noodle *

noodle noodles
Noodles are long, thin, curly strips of pasta. They are used in Chinese and Italian cooking.
N-COUNT: usu pl

nook

[D.J.:nʊk]

[K.K.:nʊk]

n.

角落,凹处;隐蔽处

(in) every nook and cranny

每个角落；到处

nook

nook nooks
If you talk about every nook and cranny of a place or situation, you mean every part or every aspect of it.

- We found a seat in a little nook, and had some lunch.

- Boxes are stacked in every nook and cranny at the factory.

- ...Cole's vast knowledge of the nooks and crannies of British politics.

PHR: Ns inflect emphasis
= corner

nook

noun

niche

alcove

corner

cubbyhole

hide-out

opening

recess

retreat

nookie

[ˈnuki]

n.

〈粗〉性交,交配,性交时的女性

adj.

多角隅的

nookie

nookie
You can refer to sexual intercourse as nookie . Some people consider this word offensive. (INFORMAL)

- ...the fearful Hollywood sin of pre-marital nookie.

N-UNCOUNT also nooky .

noon

[D.J.:nu:n]

[K.K.:nun]

n.

正午; 中午

noon **

1. noon
Noon is twelve o'clock in the middle of the day.

- The long day of meetings started at noon.

- Our branches are open from 9am to 5pm during the week and until 12 noon on Saturdays.

N-UNCOUNT: oft prep N
= midday

See also high noon .

2. noon
Noon means happening or appearing in the middle part of the day.

- The noon sun was fierce.

- He confirmed that he expected the transfer to go through by today's noon deadline.

ADJ: ADJ n
= midday

noon

noun

midday

high noon

noonday

noontide

twelve noon

noonday

[D.J.:ˈnu:ndei]

[K.K.:ˈnunˌde]

n.

中午

noonday

noonday
Noonday means happening or appearing in the middle part of the day.

- It was hot, nearly 90 degrees in the noonday sun.

ADJ: ADJ n
= midday

no one ****

no one
No one or nobody means not a single person, or not a single member of a particular group or set.

- Everyone wants to be a hero, but no one wants to die.

- No one can open mail except the person to whom it has been addressed.

PRON-INDEF-NEG: usu PRON v also no-one .

noose

[D.J.:nu:s]

[K.K.:nus]

n.

绞索,套索

noose *

1. noose nooses
A noose is a circular loop at the end of a piece of rope or wire. A noose is tied with a knot that allows it to be tightened, and it is usually used to trap animals or hang people.
N-COUNT

2. noose nooses
You can refer to something that traps people in a difficult situation as a noose .

- The rebels are tightening the noose around the capital.

- Too often women find their jobs turning into nooses around their neck.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

nope

[D.J.:nəup]

[K.K.:nop]

adv.

不,不是

nope *

nope
Nope is sometimes used instead of `no' as a negative response. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- `Is she supposed to work today?' --- `Nope, tomorrow.'

CONVENTION

nor

[D.J.:nɔ:, nə]

[K.K.:nɔr]

conj.

也不; 也没

nor ****

1. nor
You use nor after `neither' in order to introduce the second alternative or the last of a number of alternatives in a negative statement.

- Neither Mr Rose nor Mr Woodhead was available for comment yesterday.

- I can give you neither an opinion nor any advice.

- They can neither read nor write, nor can they comprehend such concepts.

CONJ-COORD-NEG

2. nor
You use nor after a negative statement in order to indicate that the negative statement also applies to you or to someone or something else.

- `None of us has any idea how long we're going to be here.' --- `Nor do I.'.

- `If my husband has no future,' she said, `then nor do my children.'.

- He doesn't want to live in the country when he grows up, nor does he want to live in the city.

CONJ-COORD-NEG

3. nor
You use nor after a negative statement in order to introduce another negative statement which adds information to the previous one.

- Cooking up a quick dish doesn't mean you have to sacrifice flavour. Nor does fast food have to be junk food.

CONJ-COORD-NEG

Nordic

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:dik]

[K.K.:ˈnɔrdɪk]

n.

北欧人,日耳曼民族,具有北欧日尔曼民族外貌特征的人

adj.

北欧人的,日耳曼民族的

Nordic *

1. Nordic
Nordic means relating to the Scandinavian countries of northern Europe.

- The Nordic countries have been quick to assert their interest in the development of the Baltic States.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. Nordic
Someone who looks Nordic has fair hair, blue eyes, and pale skin, and is fairly tall.

- He was a handsome blond Nordic type.

ADJ: ADJ n

norm

[nɔ:m]

n.

标准, 规范

准则, 行为模式

norm **

1. norm norms
Norms are ways of behaving that are considered normal in a particular society.

- The actions taken depart from what she called the commonly accepted norms of democracy.

- ...a social norm that says drunkenness is inappropriate behaviour.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp

2. norm
If you say that a situation is the norm , you mean that it is usual and expected.

- Families of six or seven are the norm in Borough Park.

- The changes will lead to more flexible leases, and leases nearer to 15 years than the present norm of 25 years.

N-SING: the N, oft N for/of/in n

3. norm norms
A norm is an official standard or level that organizations are expected to reach.

- ...a Europe-wide environmental protection agency which would establish European norms and co-ordinate national policies to halt pollution.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

norm

noun

standard

average

benchmark

criterion

par

pattern

rule

yardstick

normal

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:məl]

[K.K.:ˈnɔrməl]

adj.

正常的, 平常的

正规的; 标准的

normal ****

1. normal
Something that is normal is usual and ordinary, and is what people expect.

- He has occasional injections to maintain his good health but otherwise he lives a normal life.

- The two countries resumed normal diplomatic relations.

- Some of the shops were closed but that's quite normal for a Thursday afternoon.

- In November, Clean's bakery produced 50 percent more bread than normal.

- Life in Israel will continue as normal.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ abnormal

2. normal
A normal person has no serious physical or mental health problems.

- Statistics indicate that depressed patients are more likely to become ill than are normal people.

- Will the baby be normal?

ADJ-GRADED
= healthy

normal

adjective

1.

usual

average

common

conventional

natural

ordinary

regular

routine

standard

typical

2.

sane

rational

reasonable

well-adjusted

normalcy

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:məlsi:]

[K.K.:ˈnɔrməlsi]

n.

常态;正常

normalcy

normalcy
Normalcy is a situation in which everything is normal.

- He said that the government was committed to restore normalcy and hold elections in the Punjab.

- Underneath this image of normalcy, addiction threatened to rip this family apart.

N-UNCOUNT
= normality

normality

[D.J.:nɔ:ˈmælɪti:]

[K.K.:nɔrˈmælɪti]

n.

正常,正常状态

normality *

normality
Normality is a situation in which everything is normal.

- A semblance of normality has returned with people going to work and shops re-opening.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

normality

noun

1.

regularity

conventionality

naturalness

2.

sanity

balance

rationality

reason

normalise

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:məˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈnɔrməˌlaɪz]

vt. & vi.

(尤指国家间的关系)(使)正常化,恢复友好状态

normalization

n.

正常化

normalization

[D.J.:ˌn ɔ:məlaɪˈzeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌn ɔrm l..əˈzeʃən]

n.

常态化;正常化;正规化

normalize

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:məˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈnɔrməˌlaɪz]

vt. & vi.

(尤指国家间的关系)(使)正常化,恢复友好状态

normalization

n.

正常化

normalized

正火的;规范化;规范化的;规格化的

normalizing

[ˈnɔ:məlaiziŋ]

n.

常化,正火

normalize *

1. normalize normalizes normalizing normalized
When you normalize a situation or when it normalizes , it becomes normal.

- Meditation tends to lower or normalize blood pressure.

- There may be some deep-seated emotional reason which has to be dealt with before your eating habits normalize...to join in normalizing.

V-ERG (BRIT) also normalise

2. normalize normalizes normalizing normalized
If people, groups, or governments normalize relations, or when relations normalize , they become normal or return to normal.

- The two governments were close to normalizing relations.

- The United States says they are not prepared to normalize ties with their former enemies.

- If relations between Hanoi and Washington begin to normalise, anything is possible.

V-RECIP-ERG (BRIT) also normalise

3. normalization

- What's not in doubt is that the two sides would like to see the normalisation of diplomatic relations.

N-UNCOUNT

normally

[ˈnɔ:məli]

adv.

通常; 正常地

normally ***

1. normally
If you say that something normally happens or that you normally do a particular thing, you mean that it is what usually happens or what you usually do.

- All airports in the country are working normally today.

- Social progress is normally a matter of struggles and conflicts.

- Normally, the transportation system in Paris carries 950,000 passengers a day.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV with cl/group

2. normally
If you do something normally , you do it in the usual or conventional way.

- She would apparently eat normally and then make herself sick.

- ...failure of the blood to clot normally.

ADV: ADV after v

normally

adverb

usually

as a rule

commonly

generally

habitually

ordinarily

regularly

typically

Norman

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:mən]

[K.K.:ˈnɔrmən]

n.

诺曼人

10世纪在诺曼底定居者的后裔

adj.

诺曼的, 诺曼人的, 诺曼语的

(诺曼统治时期发现于英国的一种中世纪的)建筑风格的

Norman *

1. Norman Normans
The Normans were the people who came from northern France and took control of England in 1066, or their descendants.

- The Normans built the castle which was reduced to ruins under Cromwell.

N-COUNT

2. Norman
Norman is used to refer to the period of history in Britain from 1066 until around 1300, and in particular to the style of architecture of that period.

- In Norman England, the greyhound was a symbol of nobility.

- ...a Norman castle.

ADJ

normative

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:mətɪv]

[K.K.:ˈnɔrmətɪv]

adj.

标准的,规范的

normatively

adv.

标准地,规范地

normativeness

n.

标准,规范

normative *

normative
Normative means creating or stating particular rules of behaviour. (FORMAL)

- Normative sexual behaviour in our society remains heterosexual.

- ...a normative model of teaching.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

Norse

[D.J.:nɔ:s]

[K.K.:nɔrs]

adj.

挪威人的

n.

挪威人(语)

Norse

1. Norse
Norse means belonging or relating to Scandinavian countries in medieval times.

- In Norse mythology the moon is personified as male.

ADJ

2. Norse
Norse is the language that was spoken in Scandinavian countries in medieval times.
N-UNCOUNT

Norseman

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:smən]

[K.K.:ˈnɔrsmən]

n.

古代挪威人,古代斯堪地那维亚人

Norseman

Norseman Norsemen
Norsemen were people who lived in Scandinavian countries in medieval times.
N-COUNT

north

[D.J.:nɔ:θ]

[K.K.:nɔrθ]

n.

北; 北方

北部

adj.

北方的, 在北方的; 朝北的, 向北的

(风, 光线)来自北方的

adv.

在北方, 向北方

自北地

north *****

1. north
The north is the direction which is on your left when you are looking towards the direction where the sun rises.

- In the north the ground becomes very cold as the winter snow and ice covers the ground.

- Birds usually migrate from north to south.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N also North .

2. north
The north of a place, country, or region is the part which is in the north.

- The scheme mostly benefits people in the North and Midlands where rateable values were lowest.

- ...a tiny house in a village in the north of France.

N-SING: usu the N, oft N of n also North .

3. north
If you go north , you travel towards the north.

- Anita drove north up Pacific Highway.

ADV: ADV after v also North .

4. north
Something that is north of a place is positioned to the north of it.

- That's a little village a few miles north of Portsmouth, off the old London Road.

ADV: usu ADV of n also North .

5. north
The north edge, corner, or part of a place or country is the part which is towards the north.

- ...the north side of the mountain...

- They were coming in to land on the north coast of Crete.

ADJ: ADJ n also North .

6. north
` North ' is used in the names of some countries, states, and regions in the north of a larger area.

- There were demonstrations this weekend in cities throughout North America, Asia and Europe.

ADJ: ADJ n also North .

7. north
A north wind is a wind that blows from the north.

- ...a bitterly cold north wind.

ADJ: ADJ n also North .

north

adjective

1.

northern

Arctic

boreal

northerly

polar

adverb

2.

northward(s)

northerly

northbound

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:θˌbaʊnd]

[K.K.:ˈnɔrθˌbaʊnd]

adj.

北行的;向北的

northbound

northbound
Northbound roads, cars, and trains lead or are travelling towards the north.

- A 25 mile traffic jam clogged the northbound carriageway of the M6.

- Traffic was already very congested by six thirty this morning, particularly on the M1 northbound.

ADJ: ADJ n, n ADJ

north-east

n.

东北方

north-east ****

1. north-east
The north-east is the direction which is halfway between north and east.

- The land to the north-east fell away into meadows.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N also North-East .

2. north-east
The north-east of a place, country, or region is the part which is in the north-east.

- The north-east, with 60 million people, is the most densely populated part of the United States.

- They're all from Newcastle in the North East of England.

N-SING: the N, oft N of n also North-East .

3. north-east
If you go north-east , you travel towards the north-east.

- The streets were jammed with slow moving traffic, army convoys moving north-east.

ADV: ADV after v also North-East .

4. north-east
Something that is north-east of a place is positioned to the north-east of it.

- This latest attack was at Careysburg, twenty miles north-east of the capital, Monrovia.

ADV: ADV of n also North-East .

5. north-east
The north-east edge, corner, or part of a place is the part which is towards the north-east.

- These islands of the north-east coast can only be reached in small boats.

- ...Waltham Abbey on the north-east outskirts of London.

ADJ: ADJ n also North-East .
= north-eastern

6. north-east
A north-east wind is a wind that blows from the north-east.

- By 9.15 a bitter north-east wind was blowing.

ADJ: ADJ n also North-East .

north-easterly

1. north-easterly
A north-easterly point, area, or direction is to the north-east or towards the north-east.
ADJ: usu ADJ n also north easterly .

2. north-easterly
A north-easterly wind is a wind that blows from the north-east.
ADJ: ADJ n also north easterly .

north-eastern

[ˌnɔ:θˈi:stən]

adj.

东北的，来自东北的，在东北的

north-eastern *

north-eastern
North-eastern means in or from the north-east of a region or country.

- ...the north-eastern coast of the United States.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also north eastern .

northerly

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:ðəli:]

[K.K.:ˈnɔrðəli]

adj. & adv.

北的,向北的

(指风向)从北面来的

northerly

1. northerly
A northerly point, area, or direction is to the north or towards the north.

- Fetlaw is the most northerly island in the British Isles.

- I wanted to go a more northerly route across Montana.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= northern

2. northerly
A northerly wind is a wind that blows from the north.
ADJ

northern

[ˈnɔ:ðən]

adj.

北方的, 北部的

northern ****

northern
Northern means in or from the north of a region, state, or country.

- Their two children were immigrants to Northern Ireland from Pennsylvania.

- Prices at three-star hotels fell furthest in several northern cities.

ADJ: ADJ n also Northern .

northerner

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:ðənə]

[K.K.:ˈnɔrðənɚ]

n.

北方人

northerner

northerner northerners
A northerner is a person who was born in or who lives in the north of a place or country.

- I like the openness and directness of northerners.

N-COUNT

northernmost

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:ðənməust]

[K.K.:ˈnɔrðənˌmost]

adj.

最北的, 极北的

northernmost

northernmost
The northernmost part of an area or the northernmost place is the one that is further towards the north than any other.

- ...the northernmost tip of the British Isles...

- The Chablis vineyard is the northernmost in Burgundy.

ADJ-SUPERL: usu ADJ n

North Pole

North Pole
The North Pole is the place on the surface of the earth which is farthest towards the north.
N-PROPER: usu the N

northward

[D.J.:ˈnɔ:θwəd]

[K.K.:ˈnɔrθwɚd]

adv.

向北方

northward

1. northward
Northward or northwards means towards the north.

- Tropical storm Marco is pushing northward up Florida's coast.

- ...the flow of immigrants northward.

ADV: usu ADV after v, also n ADV also northwards .

2. northward
Also an adjective.

- The northward journey from Jalalabad was no more than 120 miles.

ADJ: ADJ n also northwards .

north-west ****

1. north-west
The north-west is the direction which is halfway between north and west.

- ...Ushant, five miles out to the north-west.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N also North-West .
= direction

2. north-west
The north-west of a place, country, or region is the part which is towards the north-west.

- Labour took its pre-election campaign to the North-West.

- ...the extreme north-west of South America.

N-SING: the N, oft N of n also North-West .

3. north-west
If you go north-west , you travel towards the north-west.

- Take the narrow lane going north-west parallel with the railway line.

ADV: ADV after v also North-West .

4. north-west
Something that is north-west of a place is positioned to the north-west of it.

- This was situated to the north-west of the town, a short walk from the railway station.

ADV: ADV of n also North-West .

5. north-west
The north-west part of a place, country, or region is the part which is towards the north-west.

- ...the North-West Regional Health Authority.

- ...the north-west coast of the United States.

- ...Sydney's north-west suburbs.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n also North-West .
= north-western

6. north-west
A north-west wind is a wind that blows from the north-west.

- A brisk north-west wind swept across the region.

ADJ: ADJ n also North-West .

north-westerly

1. north-westerly
A north-westerly point, area, or direction is to the north-west or towards the north-west.
ADJ: usu ADJ n also north westerly .

2. north-westerly
A north-westerly wind is a wind that blows from the north-west.
ADJ also north westerly .

north-western

[ˌnɔ:θˈwestən]

adj.

西北的，来自西北的，在西北的

north-western *

north-western
North-western means in or from the north-west of a region or country.

- He was from north-western Russia.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also north western .

Norwegian

[D.J.:nɔ:ˈwi:dʒən]

[K.K.:nɔrˈwidʒən]

n.

挪威人

挪威语

adj.

挪威人的

挪威的;挪威语的

Norwegian ***

1. Norwegian
Norwegian means belonging or relating to Norway, or to its people, language, or culture.

- The main road from Murmansk to the Norwegian border is still closed to foreigners.

- I stood there breathing in the fresh Norwegian air.

ADJ

2. Norwegian Norwegians
A Norwegian is a person who comes from Norway.

- Many Norwegians feel that Norway is a culturally young country.

N-COUNT

3. Norwegian
Norwegian is the language spoken by people who live in Norway.

- It is interesting that Grainger spoke Norwegian.

N-UNCOUNT

no-score draw

no-score draw no-score draws
A no-score draw is the result of a soccer match in which neither team scores any goals.
N-COUNT

nose

[D.J.:nəuz]

[K.K.:noz]

n.

鼻子

似鼻子的东西

嗅觉

vt.

嗅

vi.

窥探, 探听, 四处查看

vt. & vi.

小心翼翼地前进

nosed

[ˈnəuzd]

adj.

有…鼻子的

nosing

[D.J.:ˈnəuziŋ]

[K.K.:ˈnozɪŋ]

n.

楼梯每一级的前缘,保护此处的金属板

nose ***

1. nose noses
Your nose is the part of your face which sticks out above your mouth. You use it for smelling and breathing.

- She wiped her nose with a tissue.

- She's got funny eyes and a big nose.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

2. nose noses
The nose of a vehicle such as a car or aeroplane is the front part of it.

- Sue parked off the main street, with the van's nose pointing away from the street.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

3. nose noses
You can refer to your sense of smell as your nose .

- The river that runs through Middlesbrough became ugly on the eye and hard on the nose.

N-COUNT

4. nose
If a horse wins a race by a nose , it wins by a very small distance. (mainly AM)

- Chirkpar rattled past him on the right to snatch the prize by a nose.

N-SING: usu by a N

5. nose noses nosing nosed
If a vehicle noses in a certain direction or if you nose it there, you move it slowly and carefully in that direction.

- He could not see the driver as the car nosed forward.

- A motorboat nosed out of the mist and nudged into the branches of a tree.

- Ben drove past them, nosing his car into the garage.

V-ERG

6. nose
If you keep your nose clean , you behave well and stay out of trouble. (INFORMAL)

- If you kept your nose clean, you had a job for life.

PHR: V and N inflect

7. nose
If you follow your nose to get to a place, you go straight ahead or follow the most obvious route.

- Just follow your nose and in about five minutes you're at the old railway.

PHR: V and N inflect

8. nose
If you follow your nose , you do something in a particular way because you feel it should be done like that, rather than because you are following any plan or rules.

- You won't have to think, just follow your nose.

PHR: V and N inflect

9. nose
If you say that someone has a nose for something, you mean that they have a natural ability to find it or recognize it.

- He had a nose for trouble and a brilliant tactical mind.

- Gergen had a great sense of news, a good nose for trends, and a wide range of contacts.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

10. nose
If you say that someone or something gets up your nose , you mean that they annoy you. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He's just getting up my nose so much at the moment.

PHR: V and N inflect

11. nose
If you say that someone looks down their nose at something or someone, you mean that they believe they are superior to that person or thing and treat them with disrespect.

- I don't look down my nose at comedy.

- They rather looked down their noses at the poor old French and especially the poor old Italians.

PHR: V and N inflect, usu PHR at n disapproval

12. nose
If you say that you paid through the nose for something, you are emphasizing that you had to pay what you consider too high a price for it. (INFORMAL)

- We don't like paying through the nose for our wine when eating out.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR for n emphasis

13. nose
If someone pokes their nose into something or sticks their nose into something, they try to interfere with it even though it does not concern them. (INFORMAL)

- We don't like strangers who poke their noses into our affairs.

- Why did you have to stick your nose in?

PHR: V and N inflect, PHR n disapproval
= meddle

14. nose
To rub someone's nose in something that they do not want to think about, such as a failing or a mistake they have made, means to remind them repeatedly about it. (INFORMAL)

- His enemies will attempt to rub his nose in past policy statements.

PHR: V and N inflect, PHR n

15. nose
If you say that someone is cutting off their nose to spite their face , you mean they do something that they think will hurt someone, without realizing or caring that it will hurt themselves as well.

- There is evidence that the industry's greed means that it is cutting off its nose to spite its face.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

16. nose
If vehicles are nose to tail , the front of one vehicle is close behind the back of another. (mainly BRIT; in AM use bumper-to-bumper )

- ...a line of about twenty fast-moving trucks driving nose to tail.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

17. nose
If you thumb your nose at someone, you behave in a way that shows that you do not care what they think.

- He has always thumbed his nose at the media.

PHR: V and N inflect, usu PHR at n

18. nose
If you turn up your nose at something, you reject it because you think that it is not good enough for you.

- I'm not in a financial position to turn up my nose at several hundred thousand pounds.

PHR: V and N inflect, usu PHR at n

19. nose
If you do something under someone's nose , you do it right in front of them, without trying to hide it from them.

- We've been married 25 years and this carrying on under my nose was the last straw.

PHR: N inflects

nose

noun

1.

snout

beak

bill

hooter slang

proboscis

verb

2.

ease forward

nudge

nuzzle

push

shove

3.

pry

meddle

snoop informal

nose around ***

nose around noses around; nosing around; nosed around
If you nose around or nose about , you look around a place that belongs to someone else, to see if you can find something interesting. (INFORMAL)

- Accountants are nosing around the BBC at the moment, conducting an efficiency study.

- Security people were nosing around, and Cortez joined them.

PHR-V (BRIT) also nose about

nosebleed

[D.J.:ˈnəʊzˌbli:d]

[K.K.:ˈnozˌblid]

n.

鼻出血

nosebleed

nosebleed nosebleeds
If someone has a nosebleed , blood comes out from inside their nose.

- Whenever I have a cold I get a nosebleed.

N-COUNT also nose bleed .

nosedive

[D.J.:ˈnəʊzˌdaɪv]

[K.K.:ˈnozˌdaɪv]

n.

急剧下降;急转直下;暴跌

(飞行器的)俯冲

vi.

(价格、费用等)骤降;急剧下跌;暴跌

(飞行器)俯冲

nosedive

1. nosedive nosedives nosediving nosedived
If prices, profits, or exchange rates nosedive , they suddenly fall by a large amount. (JOURNALISM)

- The market suffered from a knock-on effect, causing the value of other shares to nosedive by £2.6 billion.

VB also nose-dive .
= plummet

2. nosedive
Also a noun.

- The bank yesterday revealed a 30 per cent nosedive in profits.

N-SING also nose-dive .

3. nosedive nosedives nosediving nosedived
If something such as someone's reputation or career nosedives , it suddenly gets much worse. (JOURNALISM)

- Since the US invasion the president's reputation has nosedived.

VB also nose-dive .

4. nosedive
Also a noun.

- He told the tribunal his career had `taken a nosedive' since his dismissal last year.

N-SING also nose-dive .

nose job

nose job nose jobs
A nose job is surgical operation that some people have to improve the shape of their nose. (INFORMAL)

- I've never had plastic surgery, though people always think I've had a nose job.

N-COUNT

nosh

[D.J.:nɔʃ]

[K.K.:nɑʃ]

n.

<英,俚>食物;一餐

<美>小吃;点心

vi.

<非正>吃

nosh

1. nosh
Food can be referred to as nosh . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Fancy some nosh?

N-UNCOUNT
= grub

2. nosh
A nosh is a snack or light meal. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-SING

3. nosh noshes noshing noshed
If you nosh , you eat. (INFORMAL)

- She sprinkled pepper on my grub, watching me nosh.

- ...a big-bellied bird noshing some heather.

VB

nostalgia

[D.J.:nɔˈstældʒə, nə-]

[K.K.:nɑˈstældʒə, nə-]

n.

对往事的怀恋, 怀旧

nostalgia *

nostalgia
Nostalgia is an affectionate feeling you have for the past, especially for a particularly happy time.

- He might be influenced by nostalgia for the surroundings of his happy youth.

- He discerned in the novel an air of Sixties nostalgia.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n

nostalgia

noun

reminiscence

homesickness

longing

pining

regretfulness

remembrance

wistfulness

yearning

nostalgic

[nɔsˈtældʒik]

adj.

对往事怀恋的, 怀旧的

nostalgically

[D.J.:n ɔˈstæld ʒɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:n ɑˈstæld ʒɪkəlɪ]

adv.

怀乡地;怀旧地,恋旧地

nostalgic *

1. nostalgic
Nostalgic things cause you to think affectionately about the past.

- Although we still depict nostalgic snow scenes on Christmas cards, winters are now very much warmer.

- Somehow the place even smelt wonderfully nostalgic.

ADJ-GRADED

2. nostalgic
If you feel nostalgic , you think affectionately about experiences you had in the past.

- Many people were nostalgic for the good old days.

- You tend to be nostalgic, and like things to be as they have always been.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ for/about n
= sentimental

3. nostalgically

- People look back nostalgically on the war period, simply because everyone pulled together.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

nostalgic

adjective

sentimental

emotional

homesick

longing

maudlin

regretful

wistful

nostril

[D.J.:ˈnɔstril]

[K.K.:ˈnɑstrəl]

n.

鼻孔

nostril *

nostril
Your nostrils are the two openings at the end of your nose.
N-COUNT

nostrum

[D.J.:ˈnɔstrəm]

[K.K.:ˈnɑstrəm]

n.

骗人的疗法,有专利权的药品

妙策

nostrum

1. nostrum nostrums
You can refer to ideas or theories about how something should be done as nostrums , especially when you think they are old-fashioned or wrong in some way. (FORMAL)

- We would be peddling yesterday's failed socialist nostrums while all around us nations build a new world.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N of n
= cure-all

2. nostrum nostrums
If you refer to a medicine as a nostrum , you mean that it is not effective or has not been tested in a proper scientific way.

- Supermarket and pharmacy shelves are lined with pills, tablets, and other nostrums claiming to be magic potions.

N-COUNT
= elixir

nostrum

noun

medicine

cure

drug

elixir

panacea

potion

remedy

treatment

nosy

[D.J.:ˈnəʊzi:]

[K.K.:ˈnozi]

adj.

<口>好管闲事的;爱追问的

大鼻子的

有香味(或臭味)的

a nosy parker

包打听；好管闲事的人

nosy

nosy nosier nosiest
If you describe someone as nosy , you mean that they are interested in things which do not concern them. (INFORMAL)

- He was having to whisper in order to avoid being overheard by their nosy neighbours.

- I agree that the press is often too nosy about a candidate's personal history.

ADJ-GRADED also nosey . disapproval
= inquisitive

not

[D.J.:nɔt]

[K.K.:nɑt]

adv.

不, 没

not *****

( Not is often shortened to n't in spoken English, and added to the auxiliary or modal verb. For example, `did not' is often shortened to `didn't'.)

1. not
You use not with verbs to form negative statements.

- The sanctions are not working the way they were intended.

- I was not in Britain at the time.

- There are many things you won't understand here.

- I don't trust my father anymore.

NEG

2. not
You use not to form questions to which you expect the answer `yes'.

- Haven't they got enough problems there already?.

- Didn't I see you at the party last week?.

- Didn't you just love the Waltons?

NEG

3. not
You use not , usually in the form n't , in questions which imply that someone should have done something, or to express surprise that something is not the case.

- Why didn't you do it months ago?.

- Why couldn't he listen to her?.

- Hasn't anyone ever kissed you before?.

- Shouldn't you have gone further?.

- Didn't I tell you to put some slippers on?

NEG

4. not
You use not , usually in the form n't , in question tags after a positive statement.

- `It's a nice piece of jewellery though, isn't it?'.

- I've been a great husband, haven't I?.

- You will take me tomorrow, won't you?

NEG

5. not
You use not , usually in the form n't , in polite suggestions.

- Actually we do have a position in mind. Why don't you fill out our application?.

- Couldn't they send it by train?

NEG politeness

6. not
You use not to represent the negative of a word, group, or clause that has just been used.

- `Have you found Paula?' --- `I'm afraid not, Kate.'.

- At first I really didn't care whether he came or not.

NEG

7. not
You can use not in front of `all' or `every' when you want to say something that applies only to some members of the group that you are talking about.

- Not all the money, to put it mildly, has been used wisely.

- Not every applicant had a degree.

NEG

8. not
If something is not always the case, you mean that sometimes it is the case and sometimes it is not.

- He didn't always win the arguments, but he often was right.

- She couldn't always afford a babysitter.

- The life of an FBI agent wasn't always as glamorous as people thought.

NEG

9. not
You can use not or not even in front of `a' or `one' to emphasize that there is none at all of what is being mentioned.

- The houses are beautiful, but there's no shop, not even a pub to go into.

- I sent report after report. But not one word was published.

- `Did he have any enemies?' --- `Not a one. Not a damn one!'

NEG emphasis
≠ lots a lot

10. not
You can use not in front of a word referring to a distance, length of time, or other amount to say that the actual distance, time, or amount is less than the one mentioned.

- The tug crossed our stern not fifty yards away.

- ...a large crowd not ten yards away waiting for a bus...

- They were here not five minutes ago!

NEG: NEG amount

11. not
You use not when you are contrasting something that is true with something that is untrue. You use this especially to indicate that people might think that the untrue statement is true.

- He has his place in the Asian team not because he is white but because he is good.

- Training is an investment not a cost.

- There came an explosion, not so much a bang as a shaking like an earthquake.

NEG

12. not
You use not in expressions such as `not only', `not just', and `not simply' to emphasize that something is true, but it is not the whole truth.

- These movies were not only making money; they were also perceived to be original.

- There is always a `black market' not just in Britain but in Europe as a whole.

- Hoffman did not simply oppose the system; he used the system against itself.

NEG emphasis

13. not
You use not that to introduce a negative clause that contradicts something that the previous statement implies.

- His death took me a year to get over; not that you're ever really over it.

- It occurred to Tom to wonder whether Jane was quite trustworthy. Not that he thought she was in any way politically active.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

14. not
Not at all is an emphatic way of saying `No' or of agreeing that the answer to a question is `No'.

- `Sorry. I sound like Abby, don't I?' --- `No. Not at all.'.

- `You don't think that you've betrayed your country.' --- `No I don't. No, not at all.'

CONVENTION emphasis

15. not
Not at all is a polite way of acknowledging a person's thanks.

- `Thank you very much for speaking with us.' --- `Not at all.'

CONVENTION formulae

notable

[D.J.:ˈnəutəbl]

[K.K.:ˈnotəbəl]

adj.

值得注意的, 显著的; 著名的

n.

名人, 要人

notable **

1. notable
Someone or something that is notable is important or interesting.

- The proposed new structure is notable not only for its height, but for its shape.

- Mo did not want to be ruled by anyone and it is notable that she never allowed the men in her life to eclipse her.

- With a few notable exceptions, doctors are a pretty sensible lot.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ for n
= noteworthy

2. notable notables
Notables are important or powerful people. (FORMAL)

- Elected by local notables for nine years Senators lack the democratic legitimacy of members of the National Assembly.

- The notables include five Senators, two Supreme Court judges and three State Governors.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= VIP

notable

adjective

1.

remarkable

conspicuous

extraordinary

memorable

noteworthy

outstanding

rare

striking

uncommon

unusual

noun

2.

celebrity

big name

dignitary

personage

V.I.P.

notably

[D.J.:ˈnəʊtəblɪ]

adv.

显而易见地;明显地

notably **

1. notably
You use notably to specify an important or typical example of something that you are talking about.

- The divorce would be granted when more important problems, notably the fate of the children, had been decided.

- It was a question of making sure certain needs were addressed, notably in the pensions area.

ADV-GRADED: ADV group/cl
= particularly

2. notably
You can use notably to emphasize a particular quality that someone or something has.

- Old established friends are notably absent, so it's a good opportunity to make new contacts.

- A notably short, silver-haired man, he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.

ADV: ADV adj/adv emphasis
= remarkably

notably

adverb

particularly

especially

outstandingly

strikingly

notarial

[D.J.:nəuˈtɛəriəl]

[K.K.:noˈtɛriəl]

adj.

公证人的,公证的

notary

[D.J.:ˈnəʊtəri:]

[K.K.:ˈnotəri]

n.

公证人,公证员

notarial

adj.

notary

notary notaries
A notary or a notary public is a person, usually a lawyer, who has legal authority to witness the signing of documents in order to make them legally valid.

- She is the town clerk and a certified public accountant and notary public.

N-COUNT

notation

[D.J.:nəuˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:noˈteʃən]

n.

记号, 标记法

notation

notation notations
A system of notation is a set of written symbols that are used to represent something such as music or mathematics.

- Musical notation was conceived for the C major scale and each line and space represents a note in this scale.

- ...some other abstract notation system like a computer language.

N-VAR: usu supp N

notation

noun

signs

characters

code

script

symbols

system

notch

[D.J.:nɔtʃ]

[K.K.:nɑtʃ]

n.

(边缘或表面上的)V型痕迹,刻痕

水平,等级

vt.

在(某物)上刻V形痕

赢得

notch up

赢取；获得高分

notched

adj.

有凹口的

notched

[D.J.:nɔtʃt]

adj.

有凹口的, 有锯齿状的

notches

(控制器的)换级触点

notching

[ˈnɔtʃiŋ]

adj.

多级的(指继电器)

n.

做凹口,开槽

notch *

1. notch notches
You can refer to a level on a scale of measurement or achievement as a notch . (JOURNALISM)

- Average earnings in the economy moved up another notch in August.

- In this country the good players are pulled down a notch or two.

- On the third day, General Zhang raised the temperature of the assembly a few notches.

N-COUNT

2. notch notches notching notched
If you notch a success, especially in a sporting contest, you achieve it. (JOURNALISM)

- Steve Bull notched his 200th goal for Wolves as they beat Leicester 3-0.

- The President is keen to notch a political triumph that would foster freer world trade and faster economic growth.

VB

3. notch notches
A notch is a small V-shaped or circular cut in the surface or edge of something.

- It is a myth that gunslingers in the American west cut notches in the handle of their pistol for each man they shot.

N-COUNT
= nick

notch

noun

1.

cut

cleft

incision

indentation

mark

nick

score

2.

level

degree

grade

step

verb

3.

cut

indent

mark

nick

score

scratch

notch up *

notch up notches up; notching up; notched up
If you notch up something such as a score or total, you achieve it. (JOURNALISM)

- He had notched up more than 25 victories worldwide.

- The economy is expanding, notching up high growth rates.

PHR-V

notch up

verb Informal

register

achieve

gain

make

score

note

[D.J.:nəut]

[K.K.:not]

n.

笔记, 摘记

短信, 短笺

注意

通牒, 函件

评注, 注释

暗示, 含义

纸币

vt.

记录

注意

noted

[D.J.:ˈnəʊtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈnotɪd]

adj.

闻名的;著名的

noting

[ˈnəutiŋ]

n.

注释法,计算法

note ****

1. note notes
A note is a short letter.

- Stevens wrote him a note asking him to come to his apartment.

- I'll have to leave a note for Karen.

N-COUNT
= message

2. note notes
A note is something that you write down to remind yourself of something.

- I knew that if I didn't make a note I would lose the thought so I asked to borrow a pen or pencil.

- Take notes during the consultation as the final written report is very concise.

N-COUNT

3. note notes
In a book or article, a note is a short piece of additional information.

- See Note 16 on page p. 223.

- ...`Exiles' by James Joyce, edited with an Introduction and notes by J C C Mays.

N-COUNT
= annotation

4. note notes
A note is a short document that has to be signed by someone and that gives official information about something.

- Since Mr Bennett was going to need some time off work, he asked for a sick note.

- I've got half a ton of gravel in the lorry but he won't sign my delivery note.

N-COUNT: with supp

5. note notes
You can refer to a banknote as a note . (BRIT; in AM use bill )

- They exchange travellers cheques at a different rate from notes.

- ...a five pound note.

N-COUNT

6. note notes
In music, a note is the sound of a particular pitch, or a written symbol representing this sound.

- She has a deep voice and doesn't even try for the high notes.

- If the note of D is sounded on a harp, all the corresponding D strings of other octaves will likewise resonate.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

7. note
You can use note to refer to a particular quality in someone's voice that shows how they are feeling.

- There is an unmistakable note of nostalgia in his voice when he looks back on the early years of the family business.

- It was not difficult for him to catch the note of bitterness in my voice.

N-SING: with supp, usu N of n
= tone

8. note
You can use note to refer to a particular feeling, impression, or atmosphere.

- Yesterday's testimony began on a note of passionate but civilized disagreement.

- Somehow he tells these stories without a note of horror.

- The furniture strikes a traditional note which is appropriate to its Edwardian setting.

N-SING: with supp

9. note notes noting noted
If you note a fact, you become aware of it.

- The White House has noted his promise to support any attack that was designed to enforce the UN resolutions.

- Suddenly, I noted that the rain had stopped.

- At every stage people noted how painstaking he was about personal relations with constituents, party workers and civil servants.

VB
= notice

10. note notes noting noted
If you tell someone to note something, you are drawing their attention to it.

- Note the statue to Sallustio Bandini, a prominent Sienese.

- Please note that there are a limited number of tickets.

VB
= observe

11. note notes noting noted
If you note something, you mention it in order to draw people's attention to it.

- The report notes that export and import volumes picked up in leading economies.

- The yearbook also noted a sharp drop in reported cases of sexually transmitted disease.

VB
= observe remark

12. note notes noting noted
When you note something, you write it down as a record of what has happened.

- `He has had his tonsils out and has been ill, too,' she noted in her diary.

- One policeman was clearly visible noting the number plates of passing cars.

- A guard came and took our names and noted where each of us was sitting.

VB
= log

13. note
If you compare notes with someone on a particular subject, you talk to them and find out whether their opinion, information, or experience is the same as yours.

- The women were busily comparing notes on the queen's outfit.

- They exchanged greetings, compared notes on their wives and families, and finally got down to business.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, oft PHR on n, PHR with n
= discuss

14. note
Someone or something that is of note is important, worth mentioning, or well-known.

- ...politicians of note...

- He has published nothing of note in the last ten years.

PHR: n PHR
= of consequence

15. note
If someone or something strikes a particular note or sounds a particular note , they create a particular feeling, impression, or atmosphere.

- Before his first round of discussions, Mr Baker sounded an optimistic note.

- Plants growing out of cracks in paving strike the right note up a cottage-garden path.

PHR: V inflects

16. note
If you take note of something, you pay attention to it because you think that it is important or significant.

- Take note of the weather conditions.

- They took note that she showed no surprise at the news of the murder.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR of n, PHR that

noted ***

noted
To be noted for something you do or have means to be well-known and admired for it.

- ...a television programme noted for its attacks on organised crime...

- Lawyers are not noted for rushing into change.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ for n/-ing
= renowned

note

noun

1.

message

comment

communication

epistle

jotting

letter

memo

memorandum

minute

remark

reminder

2.

symbol

indication

mark

sign

token

verb

3.

see

notice

observe

perceive

4.

mark

denote

designate

indicate

record

register

5.

mention

remark

noted

adjective

famous

acclaimed

celebrated

distinguished

eminent

illustrious

notable

prominent

renowned

well-known

note down ****

note down notes down; noting down; noted down
If you note down something, you write it down quickly, so that you have a record of it.

- She had noted down the names and she told me the story simply and factually.

- If you find a name that's on the list I've given you, note it down.

- Please note down what I'm about to say.

PHR-V

notebook

[D.J.:ˈnəutbuk]

[K.K.:ˈnotˌbʊk]

n.

笔记簿

notebook **

1. notebook notebooks
A notebook is a small book for writing notes in.

- He brought out a notebook and pen from his pocket.

- ...her reporter's notebook.

N-COUNT
= notepad

2. notebook notebooks
A notebook computer is a small personal computer.

- ...a range of notebook computers which allows all your important information to travel safely with you.

N-COUNT: usu N n

notebook

noun

jotter

diary

exercise book

journal

notepad

notepad

[D.J.:ˈnəʊtˌpæd]

[K.K.:ˈnotˌpæd]

n.

便条簿

notepad

notepad notepads
A notepad is a pad of paper that you use for writing notes or letters on.

- Have a pencil and notepad ready.

N-COUNT
= notebook

notepaper

[D.J.:ˈnəʊtˌpeɪpə]

[K.K.:ˈnotˌpepɚ]

n.

信纸;便笺

notepaper

notepaper
Notepaper is paper that you use for writing letters on.

- He had written letters on official notepaper to promote a relative's company.

N-UNCOUNT: oft supp N

noteworthy

[D.J.:ˈnəʊtˌwɜ:ði:]

[K.K.:ˈnotˌwə..ði]

adj.

值得注意的;显著的;重要的

noteworthy

noteworthy
A fact or event that is noteworthy is interesting, remarkable, or significant in some way. (FORMAL)

- It is noteworthy that the programme has been shifted from its original August slot to July.

- I found nothing particularly noteworthy to report.

- The most noteworthy event in the region was the February coup in Thailand.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ that
= notable striking

noteworthy

adjective

remarkable

exceptional

extraordinary

important

notable

outstanding

significant

unusual

nothing

[D.J.:ˈnʌθiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈnʌθɪŋ]

pron.

没有东西, 没有事情, 没有一点儿

n.

无关紧要的人[事]

nothing *****

1. nothing
Nothing means not a single thing, or not a single part of something.

- I've done nothing much since coffee time.

- Mr Pearson said he knew nothing of his wife's daytime habits.

- He was dressed in jeans and nothing else.

- There is nothing wrong with the car.

PRON-INDEF-NEG

2. nothing
You use nothing to indicate that something or someone is not important or significant.

- Because he had always had money it meant nothing to him.

- While the increase in homicides is alarming, it is nothing compared to what is to come in the rest of the decade.

- She kept bursting into tears over nothing at work.

- Do our years together mean nothing?

PRON-INDEF-NEG

3. nothing nothings
Also a noun.

- It is the picture itself that is the problem; so small, so dull. It's a nothing, really.

- All it took was a word here, a word there, to convince him that he was a nothing.

N-COUNT: usu sing

4. nothing
If you say that something cost nothing or is worth nothing , you are indicating that it cost or is worth a surprisingly small amount of money.

- The furniture was threadbare; he'd obviously picked it up for nothing.

- Homes in this corner of Mantua that once went for $350,000 are now worth nothing.

PRON-INDEF-NEG

5. nothing
You use nothing before an adjective or `to'-infinitive to say that something or someone does not have the quality indicated.

- Around the lake the countryside generally is nothing special.

- There was nothing remarkable about him.

- All kids her age do silly things; it's nothing to worry about.

PRON-INDEF-NEG: PRON adj, PRON to-inf

6. nothing
You can use nothing before `so' and an adjective or adverb, or before a comparative, to emphasize how strong or great a particular quality is.

- Youngsters learn nothing so fast as how to beat the system.

- I consider nothing more important in my life than songwriting.

- There's nothing better than a good cup of hot coffee.

PRON-INDEF-NEG: PRON so adj/adv, PRON compar emphasis

7. nothing
You can use all or nothing to say that either something must be done fully and completely or else it cannot be done at all.

- Either he went through with this thing or he did not; it was all or nothing.

PHR: v-link PHR

8. nothing
If you say that something is better than nothing , you mean that it is not what is required, but that it is better to have that thing than to have nothing at all.

- After all, 15 minutes of exercise is better than nothing.

PHR: v-link PHR

9. nothing
You use nothing but in front of a noun, an infinitive without `to', or an `-ing' form to mean `only'.

- All that money brought nothing but sadness and misery and tragedy.

- It did nothing but make us ridiculous.

- They care for nothing but fighting.

PHR: PHR n/inf/-ing

10. nothing
You can say ` Nothing doing ' when you want to say that something is not happening or cannot be done. (INFORMAL)

- Pay now, or nothing doing.

- `I could take the subway and have David pick me up at the station.' --- `Nothing doing.'

CONVENTION

11. nothing
If you say that there is nothing for it but to take a particular action, you mean that it is the only possible course of action that you can take, even though it might be unpleasant. (BRIT)

- Much depends on which individual ingredients you choose. There is nothing for it but to taste and to experiment for yourself.

- He wished he was not in a room so far from the bathroom. There was nothing for it but a long trudge through the house.

PHR: V inflects, PHR but to-inf, PHR but n

12. nothing
You use nothing if not in front of an adjective to indicate that someone or something clearly has a lot of the particular quality mentioned.

- Professor Fish has been nothing if not professional.

- Hollywood is nothing if not creative, especially if someone else will pick up the bills.

PHR: v-link PHR adj emphasis

13. nothing
People sometimes say ` It's nothing ' as a polite response after someone has thanked them for something they have done.

- `Thank you for the wonderful dinner.' --- `It's nothing,' Sarah said.

- `I'll be on my way. I can't thank you enough, Alan.' --- `It was nothing, but take care.'

CONVENTION formulae

14. nothing
If you say about a story or report that there is nothing in it or nothing to it , you mean that it is untrue.

- It's all rubbish and superstition, and there's nothing in it.

PHR: there v-link PHR

15. nothing
If you say about an activity that there is nothing to it or nothing in it , you mean that it is extremely easy.

- This device has a gripper that electrically twists off the jar top. Nothing to it.

- If you've shied away from making pancakes in the past, don't be put off -- there's really nothing in it!

PHR: there v-link PHR

16. nothing
If you say about a contest or competition that there is nothing in it , you mean that two or more of the competitors are level and have an equal chance of winning.
PHR: there v-link PHR

17. nothing
You can use nothing less than to emphasize your next words, often indicating that something seems very surprising or important.

- What he had in mind amounted to nothing less than a total reversal of the traditional role of the executive.

- You're nothing less than a murderer!

PHR: PHR n/adj emphasis
= nothing short of

18. nothing
If you say that it was not for nothing that something happened, you are emphasizing that there was a very good reason for it to happen.

- Not for nothing was the plane called `The widow-maker'.

- It's not for nothing that interior decorators the world over look to the English country garden for glorious inspiration.

PHR: PHR cl, it v-link PHR that emphasis

19. nothing
If you say that someone is getting something for nothing , you disapprove of the fact that they are getting what they want without doing or giving anything in return.

- What's wrong with you is that you think you can get something for nothing.

PHR: PHR after v disapproval

20. nothing
Nothing of the sort is used when strongly contradicting something that has just been said.

- `We're going to talk this over in my office.' --- `We're going to do nothing of the sort.'.

- Mrs Adamson said that she was extremely sorry, in tones that made it clear that she was nothing of the sort.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR emphasis
= no such thing

nothing

noun

nought

emptiness

nil

nothingness

nullity

void

zero

nothingness

[D.J.:ˈnʌθɪŋnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈnʌθɪŋnɪs]

n.

无;虚无;不存在;无生命

空

nothingness

1. nothingness
Nothingness is the fact of not existing.

- There might be something beyond the grave, you know, and not nothingness.

N-UNCOUNT

2. nothingness
Nothingness means complete emptiness.

- Her eyes, glazed with the drug, stared with half closed lids at nothingness.

N-UNCOUNT

nothingness

noun

1.

oblivion

nonbeing

nonexistence

nullity

2.

insignificance

unimportance

worthlessness

notice

[D.J.:ˈnəutis]

[K.K.:ˈnotɪs]

n.

预告, 通知

布告, 通告, 启示

注意

评价, 短评

vt. & vi.

注意

notice ****

1. notice notices noticing noticed
If you notice something or someone, you become aware of them.

- He stressed that people should not hesitate to contact the police if they've noticed any strangers in Hankham recently.

- I noticed that most academics were writing papers during the summer.

- Luckily, I'd noticed where you left the car.

- Mrs Shedden noticed a bird sitting on the garage roof.

- She needn't worry that he'll think she looks a mess. He won't notice.

VB

2. notice notices
A notice is a written announcement in a place where everyone can read it.

- Notices in the waiting room requested that you neither smoke nor spit.

- A few guest houses had `No Vacancies' notices in their windows.

- ...a notice which said `Beware Flooding'.

N-COUNT
= announcement

3. notice
If you give notice about something that is going to happen, you give a warning in advance that it is going to happen.

- Interest is paid monthly. Three months' notice is required for withdrawals.

- Unions are required to give seven days' notice of industrial action.

- She was transferred without notice.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

4. notice notices
A notice is a formal announcement in a newspaper or magazine about something that has happened or is going to happen.

- I rang The Globe with news of Blake's death, and put notices in the personal column of The Times.

- The request is published in notices in today's national newspapers.

N-COUNT
= announcement

5. notice notices
A notice is one of a number of letters that are similar or exactly the same which an organization sends to people in order to give them information or ask them to do something.

- Bonus notices were issued each year from head office to local agents.

- There will be a creditors meeting on June 15 and notices will be circulated to all known creditors.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

6. notice notices
A notice is a written article in a newspaper or magazine in which someone gives their opinion of a play, film, or concert.

- Nevertheless, it's good to know you've had good notices, even if you don't read them.

N-COUNT
= review

7. notice
Notice is used in expressions such as ` at short notice ', ` at a moment's notice ' or ` at twenty-four hours' notice ', to indicate that something can or must be done within a short period of time.

- There's no one available at such short notice to take her class.

- All our things stayed in our suitcase, as if we had to leave at a moment's notice.

PHR: usu PHR after v

8. notice
If you bring something to someone's notice , you make them aware of it.

- I am so glad that you have brought this to my notice.

- It was in 1982 that his name was first brought to our notice.

PHR: V inflects

9. notice
If something comes to your notice , you become aware of it.

- Her work also came to the notice of the French actor-producer Louis Jouvet.

- As I write, a very interesting case has come to my notice.

PHR: V inflects

10. notice
If something escapes your notice , you fail to recognize it or realize it.

- It hasn't escaped our notice that the hospital has come out of all the proposed changes really quite nicely.

- From the smallest to the largest production unit, no one escaped notice.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR that

11. notice
If a situation is said to exist until further notice , it will continue for an uncertain length of time until someone changes it.

- The bad news was that all flights to Lanchow had been cancelled until further notice.

PHR: PHR after v

12. notice
If an employer gives an employee notice , the employer tells the employee that he or she must leave his or her job within a fixed period of time.

- The next morning I telephoned him and gave him his notice.

PHR: V inflects
= sack fire

13. notice
If you hand in your notice or give in your notice , you tell your employer that you intend to leave your job soon within a set period of time.

- He handed in his notice at the bank and ruined his promising career.

PHR: V inflects
= quit

14. notice
If you take notice of a particular fact or situation, you behave in a way that shows that you are aware of it.

- We want the government to take notice of what we think they should do for single parents.

- Michael Forsyth's publication of Scottish schools' exam results has made some people sit up and take notice.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR of n
= pay attention to

15. notice
If you take no notice of someone or something, you do not consider them to be important enough to affect what you think or what you do.

- They took no notice of him, he did not stand out, he was in no way remarkable.

- I tried not to take any notice at first but then I was offended by it.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR of n
= ignore

notice

noun

1.

observation

cognizance

consideration

heed

interest

note

regard

2.

attention

civility

respect

3.

announcement

advice

communication

instruction

intimation

news

notification

order

warning

verb

4.

observe

detect

discern

distinguish

mark

note

perceive

see

spot

noticeable

[D.J.:ˈnəutisəbl]

[K.K.:ˈnotɪsəbəl]

adj.

显而易见的, 明显的, 显著的

noticeably

[D.J.:ˈnəʊtɪsəblɪ]

[K.K.:ˈnotɪsəblɪ]

adv.

显著地,明显地

noticeable **

1. noticeable
Something that is noticeable is very obvious, so that it is easy to see, hear, or recognize.

- It is noticeable that women do not have the rivalry that men have.

- The most noticeable effect of these changes is in the way people are now working together.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ that
= conspicuous

2. noticeably

- Standards of living were deteriorating rather noticeably.

- There are also many physical signs, most noticeably a change in facial features.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV group
= perceptibly

noticeable

adjective

obvious

appreciable

clear

conspicuous

evident

manifest

perceptible

plain

striking

noticeboard

noticeboard noticeboards
A noticeboard is a board which is usually attached to a wall in order to display notices giving information about something. (BRIT; in AM use bulletin board )

- She added her name to the list on the noticeboard.

N-COUNT

notifiable

[ˈnəutifaiəbl]

adj.

须申报的

notifiable

notifiable
A notifiable disease or crime is one that must be reported to the authorities whenever it occurs, because it is considered to be dangerous to the community.

- Many doctors fail to report cases, even though food poisoning is a notifiable disease.

ADJ

notification

[D.J.:ˌnəʊtəfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌnotəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

通知, 通知单, 通知书

notification *

notification notifications
If you are given notification of something, you are officially informed of it.

- Names of the dead and injured are being withheld pending notification of relatives.

- Payments should be sent with the written notification.

N-VAR: oft N of n

notification

noun

announcement

advice

declaration

information

intelligence

message

notice

statement

warning

notify

[D.J.:ˈnəutifai]

[K.K.:ˈnotəˌfaɪ]

vt.

通知, 告知, 报告

notify *

notify notifies notifying notified
If you notify someone of something, you officially inform them about it. (FORMAL)

- The skipper notified the coastguard of the tragedy.

- Earlier this year they were notified that their homes were to be cleared away.

- She confirmed that she would notify the police and the hospital.

VB
= inform

notify

verb

inform

advise

alert

announce

declare

make known

publish

tell

warn

notion

[D.J.:ˈnəuʃən]

[K.K.:ˈnoʃən]

n.

概念, 观念, 看法

突然的念头, 奇想; 意图, 打算

notions

[ˈnəuʃənz]

n.

〈美〉缝纫用的杂货(如针、线等)

notion ***

1. notion notions
A notion is an idea or belief about something.

- We each have a notion of just what kind of person we'd like to be.

- I reject absolutely the notion that privatisation of our industry is now inevitable.

- I'd had a few notions about being a journalist.

N-COUNT: oft N of n/-ing/wh, N that
= idea

2. notion notions
Notions are small articles for sewing, such as buttons, zips, and thread. (AM; in BRIT use haberdashery )
N-PLURAL

notion

noun

1.

idea

belief

concept

impression

inkling

opinion

sentiment

view

2.

whim

caprice

desire

fancy

impulse

inclination

wish

notional

[D.J.:ˈnəʊʃənəl]

[K.K.:ˈnoʃənəl]

adj.

<正>猜测的;估计的;理论上的;想像的

notionally

adv.

想象地

notional

1. notional
Something that is notional exists only in theory or as a suggestion or idea, but not in reality. (FORMAL)

- ...the notional value of state assets.

ADJ
= theoretical

2. notionally

- Mr Wran lashed out at those who notionally supported the republic but continued to sit on the fence on the issue in terms of action.

- That meant that he, notionally at least, outranked them all.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV with v
= theoretically

notional

adjective

speculative

abstract

conceptual

hypothetical

imaginary

theoretical

unreal

notoriety

[D.J.:ˌnəʊtəˈraɪɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌnotəˈraɪɪti]

n.

臭名, 声名狼藉

notoriety *

notoriety
To achieve notoriety means to become well-known for something bad.

- He achieved notoriety as chief counsel to President Nixon in the Watergate break-in.

- ...Christian Lacroix, who gained notoriety as one of Paris's most flamboyant dress designers in the 1980s.

N-UNCOUNT

notoriety

noun

scandal

dishonour

disrepute

infamy

obloquy

opprobrium

notorious

[D.J.:nəuˈtɔ:riəs]

[K.K.:noˈtɔriəs, -ˈtor-]

adj.

臭名昭著的, 声名狼藉的

notoriously

[D.J.:nəʊˈt ɔ:rɪəslɪ]

[K.K.:noˈt ɔrɪəslɪ]

adv.

恶名昭彰地,声名狼藉地

著名地,众所周知地

notorious **

1. notorious
To be notorious means to be well-known for something bad.

- West Berlin has long been notorious for its street violence.

- She told us the story of one of Britain's most notorious country house murders.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ for n/-ing
= infamous

2. notoriously

- The train company is overstaffed and notoriously inefficient.

- He worked mainly in New York City where living space is notoriously at a premium.

- Doctors notoriously neglect their own health and fail to seek help when they should.

ADV: usu ADV group, also ADV before v

notorious

adjective

infamous

dishonourable

disreputable

opprobrious

scandalous

notoriously

adverb

infamously

dishonourably

disreputably

opprobriously

scandalously

notwithstanding

[D.J.:ˌnɔtwiθˈstændiŋ]

[K.K.:ˌnɑtwɪθˈstændɪŋ, -wɪð-]

prep.

(表示让步)〈正〉尽管

adv.

尽管如此; 仍然; 然而

notwithstanding *

1. notwithstanding
If something is true notwithstanding something else, it is true in spite of that other thing. (FORMAL)

- He despised William Pitt, notwithstanding the similar views they both held.

PREP

2. notwithstanding
Also an adverb.

- His relations with colleagues, differences of opinion notwithstanding, were unfailingly friendly.

ADV: n ADV

notwithstanding

preposition

despite

in spite of

nougat

[D.J.:ˈnu:ɡɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈnuɡət]

n.

牛轧糖, 奶油果仁糖

nougat

nougat
Nougat is a kind of firm sweet, containing nuts and sometimes fruit.
N-UNCOUNT

nought

[D.J.:nɔ:t]

[K.K.:nɔt]

n.

零;无;没有

nought *

1. nought
Nought is the number 0. (mainly BRIT; in AM use zero )

- Sales rose by nought point four per cent last month.

- Houses are graded from nought to ten for energy efficiency.

- When you write down in figures the number one million, how many noughts are there?

NUM
= zero

2. nought
If you try to do something but your efforts are not successful, you can say that your efforts come to naught . (FORMAL)

- Numerous attempts to persuade him to write his memoirs came to nought.

PHR: V inflects The spelling naught is also used

nought

noun

zero

nil

nothing

noun

[D.J.:naun]

[K.K.:naʊn]

n.

名词

noun *

noun nouns
A noun is a word such as `car', `love', or `Anne' which is used to refer to a person or thing.
N-COUNT
See also collective noun , count noun , mass noun , proper noun , singular noun , uncount noun .

noun group

noun group noun groups
A noun group is a noun or pronoun, or a group of words based on a noun or pronoun. In the sentence, `He put the bottle of wine on the kitchen table', `He', `the bottle of wine', and `the kitchen table' are all noun groups.
N-COUNT
= noun phrase

noun phrase

noun phrase noun phrases
A noun phrase is the same as a noun group .
N-COUNT

nourish

[D.J.:ˈnʌriʃ]

[K.K.:ˈnɚrɪʃ, ˈnʌr-]

vt.

养育, 喂养, 滋养

保持, 增长(情绪等)

nourished

滋养的

nourishing

[ˈnʌriʃiŋ]

adj.

有营养的,滋养多的

nourish *

1. nourish nourishes nourishing nourished
To nourish a person, animal, or plant means to provide them with the food that is necessary for life, growth, and good health.

- The food she eats nourishes both her and the baby.

- ...microbes in the soil which nourish the plant.

VB

2. nourishing

- Most of these nourishing substances are in the yolk of the egg.

- ...sensible, nourishing food.

ADJ-GRADED

3. nourish nourishes nourishing nourished
To nourish something such as a feeling or belief means to allow or encourage it to grow.

- Journalists on the whole don't create public opinion. They can help to nourish it.

- ...a current of thought which has been nourished by historical tradition.

VB

nourish

verb

1.

feed

nurse

nurture

supply

sustain

tend

2.

encourage

comfort

cultivate

foster

maintain

promote

support

nourishing

adjective

nutritious

beneficial

nutritive

wholesome

-nourished

-nourished
-nourished is used with adverbs such as `well' or `under' to indicate how much food someone eats or whether it is the right kind of food.

- To make sure the children are well-nourished, vitamin drops are usually recommended.

- ...under-nourished and poorly dressed orphans.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

nourishment

[D.J.:ˈnʌriʃmənt]

[K.K.:ˈnɚrɪʃmənt, ˈnʌr-]

n.

食物, 滋养品

nourishment *

1. nourishment
If something provides a person, animal, or plant with nourishment , it provides them with the food that is necessary for life, growth, and good health.

- The mother provides the embryo with nourishment and a place to grow.

- He was unable to take nourishment for several days.

N-UNCOUNT

2. nourishment
The action of nourishing someone or something, or the experience of being nourished, can be referred to as nourishment .

- Sugar gives quick relief to hunger but provides no lasting nourishment.

N-UNCOUNT

nourishment

noun

food

nutriment

nutrition

sustenance

nous

[D.J.:naus]

[K.K.:nus, naʊs]

n.

心灵,理性,精神,〈口〉常识

nous

nous
Nous is intelligence or common sense. (BRIT)

- Few ministers have the nous or the instinct required to understand the ramifications.

- He is a man of extraordinary vitality, driving ambition and political nous.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
= shrewdness

nouveau-riche

1. nouveau-riche
The nouveaux-riches are people who have only recently become rich and who have tastes and manners that some people consider vulgar.

- The nouveau riche have to find a way to be accepted.

- As for India's nouveaux riches, they will now have to pay still higher duties on luxury goods.

N-PLURAL: usu the N The plural can be either nouveau-riche or nouveaux-riches disapproval

2. nouveau-riche
Nouveau-riche means belonging or relating to the nouveaux-riches.

- He hit back at critics who did not appreciate his nouveau-riche taste.

ADJ-GRADED The plural can be either nouveau-riche or nouveaux-riches disapproval

nouvelle cuisine

nouvelle cuisine
Nouvelle cuisine is a style of cooking in which very fresh foods are lightly cooked and served in unusual combinations. You can also refer to food that has been cooked in this way as nouvelle cuisine .

- More restaurants are favouring simple, healthy Mediterranean-style seafood dishes instead of fussy nouvelle cuisine.

N-UNCOUNT

Nov

n.

十一月(=November)

Nov.

abbr.

November十一月

Nov.

abbr.

November十一月

Nov. **

Nov.
Nov. is a written abbreviation for November .

- The first ballot is on Tuesday Nov 20.

novel

[D.J.:ˈnɔvəl]

[K.K.:ˈnɑvəl]

n.

(长篇)小说

adj.

新奇的; 新颖的; 新的

novel ****

1. novel novels
A novel is a long written story about imaginary people and events.

- ...a novel by Herman Hesse...

- His first works of fiction were historical novels set in the time of the Pharaohs.

N-COUNT

2. novel
Novel things are new and different from anything that has been done, experienced, or made before.

- Protesters found a novel way of demonstrating against steeply rising oil prices.

- The very idea of a sixth form college was novel in 1962.

ADJ-GRADED
= original

novel

noun

story

fiction

narrative

romance

tale

novel

adjective

new

different

fresh

innovative

original

strange

uncommon

unfamiliar

unusual

novelist

[D.J.:ˈnɔvəlɪst]

[K.K.:ˈnɑvəlɪst]

n.

(长篇)小说家

novelist **

novelist novelists
A novelist is a person who writes novels.

- The key to success as a romantic novelist is absolute belief in your story.

N-COUNT

novella

[D.J.:nəuˈvelə]

[K.K.:noˈvɛlə]

n.

短篇故事,中篇小说

novella

novella novellas
A novella is a short novel or a long short story.

- The story is based on an autobiographical novella from French writer Marguerite Duras.

N-COUNT

novelty

[D.J.:ˈnɔvəlti]

[K.K.:ˈnɑvəlti]

n.

新颖; 新奇性

新奇的人[事物]

新颖小巧而价廉的物品

novelty *

1. novelty
Novelty is the quality of being different, new, and unusual.

- In the contemporary western world, rapidly changing styles cater to a desire for novelty and individualism.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

2. novelty novelties
A novelty is something that is new and therefore interesting.

- Seeing people queuing for food was a novelty.

- It came from the days when a motor car was a novelty.

N-COUNT

3. novelty novelties
Novelties are cheap toys, ornaments, or other objects that are sold as presents or souvenirs.

- At Easter, we give them plastic eggs filled with small toys, novelties and coins.

N-COUNT

novelty

noun

1.

newness

freshness

innovation

oddity

originality

strangeness

surprise

unfamiliarity

uniqueness

2.

gimmick

curiosity

gadget

3.

knick-knack

bauble

memento

souvenir

trifle

trinket

November

[D.J.:nəuˈvembə]

[K.K.:noˈvɛmbɚ]

n.

十一月

November *****

November Novembers
November is the eleventh month of the year in the Western calendar.

- He arrived in London in November 1939.

- There's no telling what the voters will do next November.

N-VAR

novice

[D.J.:ˈnɔvɪs]

[K.K.:ˈnɑvɪs]

n.

新手, 初学者

见习修道士〔修女〕

novice **

1. novice novices
A novice is someone who has been doing a job or other activity for only a short time and so is not experienced at it.

- I'm a novice at these things, Lieutenant. You're the professional.

- As a novice writer, this is something I'm interested in.

N-COUNT: oft N at n, N n
≠ old hand

2. novice novices
In a monastery or convent, a novice is a person who is preparing to become a monk or nun.
N-COUNT

novice

noun

beginner

amateur

apprentice

learner

newcomer

probationer

pupil

trainee

now

[D.J.:nau]

[K.K.:naʊ]

adv.

现在, 目前

立刻, 马上

其时, 当时

(说话者用以继续进行叙述、请求、警告等转换语气)

now *****

1. now
You use now to refer to the present time, often in contrast to a time in the past or the future.

- She's a widow now.

- But we are now a much more fragmented society.

- Beef now costs well over 30 roubles a pound.

- She should know that by now.

ADV: ADV with cl, oft prep ADV

2. now
Also a pronoun.

- Now is the time when we must all live as economically as possible.

PRON

3. now
If you do something now , you do it immediately.

- I'm sorry, but I must go now.

- I fear that if I don't write now I shall never have another opportunity to do so.

ADV: ADV after v

4. now
Also a pronoun.

- Now is your chance to talk to him.

PRON

5. now
You use now or now that to indicate that an event has occurred and as a result something else may or will happen.

- Now you're settled, why don't you take up some serious study?.

- Now that she was retired she lived with her sister.

CONJ-SUBORD

6. now
You use now to indicate that a particular situation is the result of something that has recently happened.

- Mrs Chandra has received one sweater for each of her five children and says that the winter will not be so hard now.

- She told me not to repeat it, but now I don't suppose it matters.

- Diplomats now expect the mission to be much less ambitious.

ADV: ADV with cl, ADV before v

7. now
In stories and accounts of past events, now is used to refer to the particular time that is being written or spoken about.

- She felt a little better now.

- It was too late now for Blake to lock his room door.

- By now it was completely dark outside.

ADV: ADV with cl, oft prep ADV

8. now
You use now in statements which specify the length of time up to the present that something has lasted.

- They've been married now for 30 years.

- They have been missing for a long time now.

- It's some days now since I heard anything.

ADV: ADV with v, n ADV

9. now
You say ` Now ' or ` Now then ' to indicate to the person or people you are with that you want their attention, or that you are about to change the subject. (SPOKEN)

- `Now then,' Max said, `to get back to the point.'.

- She stays at school for drama and doesn't get back till nine. Now, what's everyone drinking?.

- Now then, laddie, what's the trouble?.

- Now, can we move on and discuss the vital business of the day, please.

ADV: ADV cl

10. now
Some people say ` Now ' when they are thinking of what to say next. (SPOKEN)

- Now, er, dogs can live to fifteen.

- Now, erm, obviously some of our listeners may have some ideas.

ADV: ADV cl

11. now
You use now to give a slight emphasis to a request or command. (SPOKEN)

- Come on now. You know you must be hungry.

- Come and sit down here, now.

- Now don't talk so loud and bother him, honey.

ADV: ADV with cl

12. now
You can say ` Now ' to introduce information which is relevant to the part of a story or account that you have reached, and which needs to be known before you can continue. (SPOKEN)

- My son went to Almeria in Southern Spain. Now he and his wife are people who love a quiet holiday.

- Now, I hadn't told him these details, so he must have done some research on his own.

ADV: ADV cl

13. now
You say ` Now ' to introduce something which contrasts with what you have just said. (SPOKEN)

- Now, if it was me, I'd want to do more than just change the locks.

- Now, as for the Democrats, they've been able to use this issue quite effectively to portray the president as insensitive.

ADV: ADV cl
= however

14. now
If you say that something happens now and then or every now and again , you mean that it happens sometimes but not very often or regularly.

- My father has a collection of magazines to which I return every now and then.

- Now and again he'd join in when we were playing video games.

PHR: PHR with cl
= every so often

15. now
If you say that something will happen any day now , any moment now , or any time now , you mean that it will happen very soon.

- Jim expects to be sent to Europe any day now.

- Any moment now the silence will be broken.

PHR: PHR with cl

16. now
People such as television presenters sometimes use now for when they are going to start talking about a different subject or presenting a new activity. (SPOKEN)

- And now for something completely different.

- Now for a quick look at some of the other stories in the news.

PHR: PHR n

17. now
Just now means a very short time ago. (SPOKEN)

- You looked pretty upset just now.

- I spoke just now of being in love.

- Just now I thought I saw someone.

PHR: PHR with cl

18. now
You use just now when you want to say that a particular situation exists at the time when you are speaking, although it may change in the future. (SPOKEN)

- I'm pretty busy just now.

- Mr Goldsworth is not available just now.

PHR: cl PHR
= at the moment

19. now
If you say ` It's now or never ', you mean that something must be done immediately, because if it is not done immediately there will not be another chance to do it. (SPOKEN)

- It's now or never, so make up your mind.

- Much as I hate to go, it's now or never.

PHR: V inflects

20. now
You can say ` now, now ' as a friendly way of trying to comfort someone who is upset or distressed. (SPOKEN)

- `I figure it's all over.' --- `Now, now. You did just fine.'.

- `I want to go with you, Daddy.' --- `Now, now, sweetheart.'

CONVENTION
= there there

21. now
You can say ` Now, then ' or ` Now, now ' when you want to give someone you know well a friendly warning not to behave in a particular way. (SPOKEN)

- Now then, no unpleasantness, please.

- Now, now Roger, I'm sure you didn't mean it but that remark was in very poor taste.

CONVENTION
= come come

now

adverb

1.

nowadays

any more

at the moment

2.

immediately

at once

instantly

promptly

straightaway

now and then or again

3.

occasionally

from time to time

infrequently

intermittently

on and off

sometimes

sporadically

nowadays

[D.J.:ˈnauədeiz]

[K.K.:ˈnaʊəˌdez]

adv.

现在; 现时

nowadays **

nowadays
Nowadays means at the present time, in contrast with the past.

- Nowadays it's acceptable for women to be ambitious. But it wasn't then.

- I don't see much of Tony nowadays.

ADV: ADV with cl
= these days

nowadays

adverb

now

any more

at the moment

in this day and age

today

nowhere

[D.J.:ˈnəuhwɛə]

[K.K.:ˈnoˌhwɛr, -ˌwɛr]

adv.

任何地方都不, 无处

nowhere ***

1. nowhere
You use nowhere to emphasize that a place has more of a particular quality than any other places, or that it is the only place where something happens or exists.

- Nowhere is language a more serious issue than in Hawaii.

- This kind of forest exists nowhere else in the world.

- If you are extremely rich, you could stay nowhere better than the Ruislip Court Hotel.

ADV-INDEF-NEG: ADV with be , ADV after v, oft ADV cl/group emphasis

2. nowhere
You use nowhere when making negative statements to say that a suitable place of the specified kind does not exist.

- There was nowhere to hide and nowhere to run.

- I have nowhere else to go, nowhere in the world.

- He had nowhere to call home.

ADV-INDEF-NEG: be ADV, ADV after v, usu ADV to-inf, ADV adj/-ed to-inf

3. nowhere
You use nowhere to indicate that something or someone cannot be seen or found.

- Michael glanced anxiously down the corridor, but Wilfred was nowhere to be seen.

- The escaped prisoner was nowhere in sight.

- He had gone out to get the gin. The cigarettes were nowhere.

ADV: be ADV, oft ADV to-inf, ADV adv/prep

4. nowhere
You can use nowhere to refer in a general way to small, unimportant, or uninteresting places.

- ...endless paths that led nowhere in particular.

- ...country roads that go from nowhere to nowhere.

ADV: ADV after v, from/to ADV

5. nowhere
If you say that something or someone appears from nowhere or out of nowhere , you mean that they appear suddenly and unexpectedly.

- A car came from nowhere, and I had to jump back into the hedge just in time.

- Houses had sprung up out of nowhere on the hills.

ADV: from/out of ADV
= out of the blue

6. nowhere
You use nowhere to mean not in any part of a text, speech, or argument.

- He nowhere offers concrete historical background to support his arguments.

- Point taken, but nowhere did we suggest that this yacht's features were unique.

- The most important issue for most ordinary people was nowhere on the proposed agenda.

ADV: ADV before v, be ADV, oft ADV prep emphasis

7. nowhere
If you say that a place is in the middle of nowhere , you mean that it is a long way from other places.

- At dusk we pitched camp in the middle of nowhere.

- ...a farmhouse in the middle of nowhere.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR
= in the sticks

8. nowhere
If you say that you are getting nowhere , or getting nowhere fast , or that something is getting you nowhere , you mean that you are not achieving anything or having any success.

- My mind won't stop going round and round on the same subject and I seem to be getting nowhere.

- `Getting nowhere fast,' pronounced Crosby, `that's what we're doing.'.

- Oh, stop it! This is getting us nowhere.

PHR: V inflects

9. nowhere
If you use nowhere near in front of a word or expression, you are emphasizing that the real situation is very different from, or has not yet reached, the state which that word or expression suggests.

- He's nowhere near recovered yet from his experiences.

- The chair he sat in was nowhere near as comfortable as the custom-designed one behind his desk.

PHR emphasis

no-win situation

no-win situation no-win situations
If you are in a no-win situation , any action you take will fail to benefit you in any way.

- It was a no-win situation. Either she pretended she hated Ned and felt awful or admitted she loved him and felt even worse!

N-COUNT

nowt

[naut]

n.

邪恶,恶人

nowt

nowt
Nowt is sometimes used to mean the same as `nothing'. (BRIT, DIALECT)

- I'd got nowt to worry about.

- You could never do nowt right for him but he wasn't a bad chap.

PRON-INDEF-NEG
= nothing

noxious

[D.J.:ˈnɔkʃəs]

[K.K.:ˈnɑkʃəs]

adj.

有害的;有毒的

noxious

1. noxious
A noxious gas or substance is poisonous or very harmful.

- Many household products give off noxious fumes.

- ...carbon monoxide and other noxious gases.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. noxious
If you refer to someone or something as noxious , you mean that they are extremely unpleasant. (FORMAL)

- ...the heavy, noxious smell of burning sugar, butter, fats, and flour...

- Their behaviour was noxious.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= nasty

noxious

adjective

harmful

deadly

destructive

foul

hurtful

injurious

poisonous

unhealthy

unwholesome

nozzle

[D.J.:ˈnɔzəl]

[K.K.:ˈnɑzəl]

n.

管嘴,喷嘴

nozzle *

nozzle nozzles
The nozzle of a hose or pipe is a narrow piece fitted to the end to control the flow of liquid or gas.

- If he put his finger over the nozzle he could produce a forceful spray.

N-COUNT

nr

abbr.

Nauru 瑙鲁

nr

abbr.

Nauru 瑙鲁

nr.

abbr.

near 近;接近;靠近的

nr.

abbr.

near 近;接近;靠近的

nr *

nr
In addresses, nr is used as a written abbreviation for near . (BRIT)

- Brackhurst Agricultural College, Nr Southwell, Notts.

= near

nth

[D.J.:enθ]

[K.K.:ɛnθ]

adj.

第n个的

nth

1. nth
If you refer to the most recent item in a series of things as the nth item, you are emphasizing the number of times something has happened.

- The story was raised with me for the nth time two days before the article appeared.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= umpteenth

2. nth
If something is done to the nth degree , it is done to an extreme degree.

- Ned and I discussed everything to the nth degree.

- You're a risk-taker to the nth degree.

PHR: PHR after v, n PHR emphasis

nuance

[D.J.:ˈnu:ˌɑ:ns, ˈnju:-, nu:ˈɑ:ns, nju:-]

[K.K.:ˈnuˌɑns, ˈnju-, nuˈɑns, nju-]

n.

微妙的色彩,微妙之处

nuance *

nuance nuances
A nuance is a small difference in sound, feeling, appearance, or meaning.

- We can use our eyes and facial expressions to communicate virtually every subtle nuance of emotion there is.

N-VAR

nuance

noun

subtlety

degree

distinction

gradation

nicety

refinement

shade

tinge

nub

[D.J.:nʌb]

[K.K.:nʌb]

n.

小块,瘤,结节,要点,残端,残根

nub

nub
The nub of a situation, problem, or argument is the central and most basic part of it.

- That, I think, is the nub of the problem.

- Here we reach the nub of the argument: Williams refutes the idea that humour is escapist.

N-SING: the N, usu N of n
= crux

nubile

[D.J.:ˈnu:bɪl, -ˌbaɪl, ˈnju:-]

[K.K.:ˈnubɪl, -ˌbaɪl, ˈnju-]

adj.

(指妇女)适婚的;性感的

nubility

n.

nubility

[njuˈbiliti]

n.

适婚性

nubile

nubile
A nubile woman is young, physically mature, and sexually attractive.

- What is this current television obsession with older men and nubile young women?

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

nubile

adjective

marriageable

ripe informal

nuclear

[D.J.:ˈnju:kliə]

[K.K.:ˈnukliɚ, ˈnju-]

adj.

核的, 原子核的

使用或生产核能的

nuclear ****

1. nuclear
Nuclear means relating to the nuclei of atoms, or to the energy released when these nuclei are split or combined.

- ...a nuclear power station.

- ...nuclear energy.

- ...nuclear physics.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. nuclear
Nuclear means relating to weapons that explode by using the energy released when the nuclei of atoms are split or combined.

- They rejected a demand for the removal of all nuclear weapons from UK soil.

- ...nuclear testing.

ADJ: ADJ n
= atomic

nuclear capability *

nuclear capability nuclear capabilities
If a country has nuclear capability , it is able to produce nuclear power and usually nuclear weapons.
N-VAR

nuclear family

nuclear family nuclear families
A nuclear family is a family unit that consists of father, mother, and children.
N-COUNT

nuclear-free

adj.

无核的

nuclear-free

nuclear-free
A nuclear-free place is a place where nuclear energy or nuclear weapons are forbidden.

- Strathclyde council has declared itself a nuclear-free zone.

- ...proposals for a nuclear-free Korean peninsular.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

nuclear fuel *

nuclear fuel nuclear fuels
Nuclear fuel is fuel that provides nuclear energy, for example in power stations.
N-VAR

nuclear reactor *

nuclear reactor nuclear reactors
A nuclear reactor is a machine which is used to produce nuclear energy or the place where this machine and other related machinery and equipment is kept.

- Germany has decided to shut its last Soviet-designed nuclear reactor this weekend for safety reasons.

N-COUNT

nuclear winter

nuclear winter
Nuclear winter refers to the possible effects on the environment of a war in which large numbers of nuclear weapons are used. It is thought that there would be very low temperatures and very little light during a nuclear winter.
N-UNCOUNT: also a N

nucleic acid

nucleic acid nucleic acids
Nucleic acids are complex chemical substances, such as DNA, which are found in living cells. (TECHNICAL)
N-MASS

nuclei

[D.J.:ˈnju:kliai]

[K.K.:ˈnukliˌaɪ, ˈnju-]

n.

核,核心,原子核(nucleus的复数形)

nucleus

[D.J.:ˈnju:kliəs]

[K.K.:ˈnukliəs, ˈnju-]

n.

(原子)核

中心, 核心

nucleus *

1. nucleus nuclei
The nucleus of an atom or cell is the central part of it.

- Neutrons and protons are bound together in the nucleus of an atom.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. nucleus nuclei
The nucleus of a group of people or things is the small number of members which form the most important part of the group.

- The Civic Movement could be the nucleus of a centrist party of the future.

N-COUNT: usu the N of n
= core

nucleus

noun

centre

basis

core

focus

heart

kernel

nub

pivot

nude

[D.J.:nju:d]

[K.K.:nud, njud]

n.

(绘画、照片或雕塑)裸体

adj.

裸体的

nude *

1. nude
If you do something in the nude , you are not wearing any clothes. If you paint or draw someone in the nude , they are not wearing any clothes.

- The occasional nude bather comes here.

- `We are not allowed to perform nude,' said the Chinese director.

- In the reproduced bronze she is completely nude.

- Sleeping in the nude, if it suits you, is not a bad idea.

- The film mainly consists of M. Piccoli painting Mlle. Beart in the nude.

PHR: usu PHR after v
= naked ≠ fully clothed

2. nude nudes
A nude is a picture or statue of a person who is not wearing any clothes. A nude is also a person in a picture who is not wearing any clothes.

- He was one of Australia's most distinguished artists, renowned for his portraits, landscapes and nudes.

N-COUNT

nude

adjective

naked

bare

disrobed

stark-naked

stripped

unclad

unclothed

undressed

without a stitch on informal

nudge

[D.J.:nʌdʒ]

[K.K.:nʌdʒ]

n.

用肘轻推

讨厌的人

vt.

用肘轻推

一再劝说某人做某事

nudge nudge, wink wink; a nudge and awink

(暗指与性有关的事)搂搂抱抱，眉来眼去

nudging

轻轻接触

nudge *

1. nudge nudges nudging nudged
If you nudge someone, you push them gently, usually with your elbow, in order to draw their attention to something.

- I nudged Stan and pointed again.

- `Stop it,' he said, and nudged the boy lightly with his knee.

VB

2. nudge nudges
Also a noun.

- She slipped her arm under his and gave him a nudge.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. nudge nudges nudging nudged
If you nudge someone or something into a place or position, you gently push them there.

- Edna Swinson nudged him into the sitting room.

- The civil servant nudged him forward.

VB

4. nudge nudges
Also a noun.

- McKinnon gave the wheel another slight nudge to starboard.

N-COUNT: usu sing

5. nudge nudges nudging nudged
If you nudge someone into doing something, you gently persuade them to do it.

- Bit by bit Bob had nudged Fritz into selling his controlling interest.

- Foreigners must use their power not simply to punish the country but to nudge it towards greater tolerance.

- British tour companies are nudging clients to travel further afield.

VB

6. nudge nudges
Also a noun.

- I had a feeling that the challenge appealed to him. All he needed was a nudge.

N-COUNT: usu sing

7. nudge nudges nudging nudged
If someone or something is nudging a particular amount, level, or state, they have almost reached it.

- ...a little-known stage play writer and actress who was nudging 40 and going nowhere...

- The temperature when we were there was nudging 80°F.

VB: usu cont
= approach

8. nudge
If you refer to a nudge and a wink or to nudge-nudge wink-wink , you mean that someone is referring to sex, especially immoral sex, in an indirect way. (mainly BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- The article then listed a series of nudge-nudge, wink-wink rumors that have appeared in newspapers over the last two years.

PHR: oft PHR n

nudge

verb

push

bump

dig

elbow

jog

poke

prod

shove

touch

nudism

[D.J.:ˈnu:ˌdɪzəm, ˈnju:-]

[K.K.:ˈnuˌdɪzəm, ˈnju-]

n.

裸体主义

nudist

[D.J.:ˈnju:dɪst]

n.

裸体主义者

nudism

n.

nudism

1. nudism
Nudism is the practice of not wearing any clothes on beaches and other areas specially set aside for this purpose.

- Nudism, the council decided, was doing the resort more harm than good.

N-UNCOUNT
= naturism

2. nudist nudists

- There are no nudist areas and topless sunbathing is only allowed on a few beaches.

N-COUNT: oft N n
= naturist

nudity

[D.J.:ˈnju:dɪtɪ]

n.

裸体

nudity *

nudity
Nudity is the state of wearing no clothes.

- ...constant nudity and bad language on TV.

N-UNCOUNT
= nakedness

nudity

noun

nakedness

bareness

deshabille

nudism

undress

nugget

[D.J.:ˈnʌgɪt]

[K.K.:ˈnʌɡɪt]

n.

(天然)块金;块

nugget

1. nugget nuggets
A nugget is a small lump of something, especially gold.

- ...pure high-grade gold nuggets.

- ...a small nugget of butter.

N-COUNT: oft n N, N of n

2. nugget nuggets
A nugget of information is an interesting or useful piece of information.

- He had felt on the telephone that Jordan had a little nugget of information tucked away somewhere.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

nugget

noun

lump

chunk

clump

hunk

mass

piece

nuisance

[D.J.:ˈnju:səns]

[K.K.:ˈnusəns, ˈnju-]

n.

讨厌的东西[人, 行为]

nuisance *

nuisance nuisances
If someone makes a nuisance of themselves, they behave in a way that annoys other people.

- He could be a bit of a nuisance when he was drunk.

- Sorry to be a nuisance.

- He spent three days making an absolute nuisance of himself.

PHR: V and N inflect

nuisance

noun

problem

annoyance

bother

drag informal

hassle informal

inconvenience

irritation

pain in the neck

pest

trouble

nuke

[D.J.:nju:k]

[K.K.:nuk, njuk]

n.

核武器,核能发电厂,核潜艇

v.

以核武器攻击;,以核武器摧毁

nuke

1. nuke nukes
A nuke is a nuclear weapon. (INFORMAL)

- They have nukes, and if they're sufficiently pushed, they'll use them.

N-COUNT

2. nuke nukes nuking nuked
If one country nukes another, it attacks it using nuclear weapons. (INFORMAL)

- A deterrent must still be maintained against any small country that puts together a bomb and threatens to nuke an American city.

VB

null

[D.J.:nʌl]

[K.K.:nʌl]

adj.

<术>零值的;等于零的

null and void

(协议) 无法律效力； 失效的

null

null
If an agreement, a declaration, or the result of an election is null and void , it is not legally valid.

- A Chinese foreign spokeswoman said the agreement had been declared null and void.

- The declaration was null and void as it was proclaimed in completely illegal circumstances.

PHR: PHR after v

null

adjective

null and void

invalid

inoperative

useless

valueless

void

worthless

nullification

[D.J.:ˌnʌlifiˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌnʌləfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

无效,废弃,取消,使无价值,使变的无用

nullify

[D.J.:ˈnʌləˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈnʌləˌfaɪ]

n.

虚假说;零假说

vt.

使抵消

使无效

nullification

n.

nullify

1. nullify nullifies nullifying nullified
To nullify a legal decision or procedure means to declare that it is not legally valid. (FORMAL)

- He used his broad executive powers to nullify decisions by local governments.

- It is worth remembering that previous wills are nullified automatically upon marriage.

VB
= invalidate

2. nullify nullifies nullifying nullified
To nullify something means to make it have no effect. (FORMAL)

- He may be able to nullify that disadvantage by offering a wider variety of produce.

- This, of course, would nullify the effect of the move and merely accelerate inflation.

VB
= negate

nullify

verb

cancel

counteract

invalidate

negate

neutralize

obviate

render null and void

veto

numb

[D.J.:nʌm]

[K.K.:nʌm]

adj.

麻木的, 失去感觉的

vt.

使麻木; 使麻痹

numbing

[ˈnʌmiŋ]

adj.

使麻木的,使失去感觉的

numbly

adv.

失去知觉,麻木

numbness

[D.J.:ˈn ʌmnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈn ʌmnɪs]

n.

无感觉,麻木;惊呆

numb *

1. numb
If a part of your body is numb , you cannot feel anything there.

- He could feel his fingers growing numb at their tips.

- My legs felt numb and my toes ached.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

2. numbness

- I have recently been suffering from pain and numbness in my hands.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N in n

3. numb
If you are numb with shock, fear, or grief, you are so shocked, frightened, or upset that you cannot think clearly or feel any emotion.

- The mother, numb with grief, has trouble speaking.

- I was so shocked I went numb.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n

4. numbness

- Many men become more aware of emotional numbness in their 40s.

N-UNCOUNT: oft adj N

5. numbly

- He walked numbly into the cemetery.

ADV: ADV with v

6. numb numbs numbing numbed
If an event or experience numbs you, you can no longer think clearly or feel any emotion.

- For a while the shock of Philippe's letter numbed her.

- The horror of my experience has numbed my senses.

VB
= stun

See also mind-numbing .

7. numbed

- I'm so numbed with shock that I can hardly think.

- ...the sort of numbed hush which usually follows an automobile accident.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= stunned

8. numb numbs numbing numbed
If cold weather, a drug, or a blow numbs a part of your body, you can no longer feel anything in it.

- The cold numbed my fingers.

- An injection of local anaesthetic is usually given first to numb the area.

- She awoke with a numbed feeling in her left leg.

VB
= deaden

numb

adjective

1.

unfeeling

benumbed

dead

deadened

frozen

immobilized

insensitive

paralysed

torpid

verb

2.

deaden

benumb

dull

freeze

immobilize

paralyse

numbness

noun

deadness

dullness

insensitivity

paralysis

torpor

number

[D.J.:ˈnʌmbə]

[K.K.:ˈnʌmbɚ]

n.

数, 数字; 号码

数目, 数量

一群人, 一帮人

一期, 册

一首乐曲

喜爱的物品; 衣物

vt.

数; 算

给…编号

link v.

总共

numbered

[ˈnʌmbəd]

adj.

有限的,时日无多的

numbering

[ˈnʌmbəriŋ]

n.

编号方式

numbers

[ˈnʌmbəz]

n.

①算术②数量上的优势

number *****

1. number numbers
A number is a word such as `two', `nine', or `twelve', or a symbol such as 1, 3, or 47. You use numbers to say how many things you are referring to or where something comes in a series.

- No, I don't know the room number.

- Stan Laurel was born at number 3, Argyll Street.

- The number 47 bus leaves in 10 minutes.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. number numbers
You use number with words such as `large' or `small' to say approximately how many things or people there are.

- Quite a considerable number of interviews are going on.

- I have had an enormous number of letters from single parents.

- Growing numbers of people in the rural areas are too frightened to vote.

N-COUNT: adj N, usu N of n

3. number
If there are a number of things or people, there are several of them. If there are any number of things or people, there is a large quantity of them.

- I seem to remember that Sam told a number of lies.

- There must be any number of people in my position.

N-SING: a/any N, usu N of n

4. number
You can refer to someone's or something's position in a list of the most successful or most popular of a particular type of thing as, for example, number one or number two.

- Martin now faces the world number one, Jansher Khan of Pakistan.

- Before you knew it, the single was at Number 90 in the US singles charts.

- Vikram Seth's `A Suitable Boy' is number two in the best-seller lists.

N-UNCOUNT: N num

5. number numbers numbering numbered
If a group of people or things numbers a particular total, that is how many there are.

- They told me that their village numbered 100.

- This time the dead were numbered in hundreds, not dozens.

VB
= add up to

6. number numbers
A number is the series of numbers that you dial when you are making a telephone call.

- Sarah sat down and dialled a number.

- ...a list of names and telephone numbers...

- My number is 414-3925.

- `You must have a wrong number,' she said. `There's no one of that name here.'

N-COUNT

7. number numbers
You can refer to a short piece of music, a song, or a dance as a number .

- ...`Unforgettable', a number that was written and performed in 1951...

- Responsibility for the dance numbers was split between Robert Alton and the young George Balanchine.

N-COUNT

8. number numbers numbering numbered
If someone or something is numbered among a particular group, they are believed to belong in that group. (FORMAL)

- The Leicester Swannington Railway is numbered among Britain's railway pioneers.

- He numbered several Americans among his friends.

VB

9. number numbers numbering numbered
If you number something, you mark it with a number, usually starting at 1.

- He cut his paper up into tiny squares, and he numbered each one.

- Each factor has been numbered.

VB

10. number
If you say that someone's or something's days are numbered , you mean that they will not survive or be successful for much longer.

- The party is convinced that the Communists' days are numbered.

PHR: V inflects, with poss

11. number
One of your number is a member of your group.

- Scientists like the idea that one of their number is close to the seat of power.

- One of our number has made a very interesting design of flooring, which has won a prize.

PHR

12. number
If you refer to the numbers game , the numbers racket , or the numbers , you are referring to an illegal lottery or illegal betting. (AM)
PHR
See also numbers game .

number

noun

1.

numeral

character

digit

figure

integer

2.

quantity

aggregate

amount

collection

crowd

horde

multitude

throng

3.

issue

copy

edition

imprint

printing

verb

4.

count

account

add

calculate

compute

enumerate

include

reckon

total

number cruncher

number cruncher number crunchers
If you refer to number crunchers , you mean people whose jobs involve dealing with numbers or mathematical calculations, for example in finance or statistics. (INFORMAL)

- Even if the recovery is under way, it may be some time before the official number crunchers confirm it.

N-COUNT: usu pl

number crunching

number crunching
If you refer to number crunching , you mean activities or processes concerned with numbers or mathematical calculation, for example in finance, statistics, or computing. (INFORMAL)

- The computer does most of the number crunching.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

numberless

[D.J.:ˈnʌmbəlis]

[K.K.:ˈnʌmbəlɪs]

adj.

无数的,无号码的

numberless

numberless
If there are numberless things, there are too many to be counted. (LITERARY)

- ...numberless acts of personal bravery by firefighters and rescue workers.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= countless

numberless

adjective

infinite

countless

endless

innumerable

multitudinous

myriad

unnumbered

untold

number one **

1. number one
Number one means better, more important, or more popular than anything else of its kind. (INFORMAL)

- The economy is the number one issue by far.

- By the way, I'm your number-one fan.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. number one number ones
In popular music, the number one is the best selling record in any one week, or the group or person who has made that record. (INFORMAL)

- Paula is the only artist to achieve four number ones from a debut album.

N-COUNT

3. number one
If you are looking out for number one , you are thinking of yourself rather than considering other people. (INFORMAL)

- My priority is to look after number one -- to create a lifestyle I am happy with.

PHR: V inflects

number plate *

number plate number plates
A number plate is a sign on the front and back of a vehicle that shows its registration number. (BRIT; in AM use license plate )

- He drove a Rolls-Royce with a personalised number plate.

N-COUNT also numberplate .

numbers game

numbers game
If you say that someone is playing the numbers game , you think that they are concentrating on the aspects of something which can be expressed in statistics, usually in order to mislead people.

- Regrettably, he resorts to the familiar numbers game when he boasts that fewer than 300 state enterprises currently remain in the public sector.

N-SING disapproval

Number Ten

Number Ten
Number Ten is often used to refer to 10 Downing Street, London, which is the official home of the British Prime Minister.

- He called senior Unionist politicians to a meeting at Number Ten.

- Is such a man fit for Number Ten?

N-PROPER

numbskull

[D.J.:ˈnʌmˌskʌl]

[K.K.:ˈnʌmˌskʌl]

n.

笨蛋; 傻瓜

numbskull

numbskull numbskulls
If you refer to someone as a numbskull , you mean that they are very stupid. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- How were we to know that he was a numbskull?

N-COUNT disapproval

numbskull numskull

noun

fool

blockhead

clot Brit. informal

dolt

dummy slang

dunce

oaf

twit informal

numeracy

[ˈnjumərəsi]

n.

识数,计算能力

numerate

[D.J.:ˈnu:məˌreɪt, ˈnju:-]

[K.K.:ˈnuməˌret, ˈnju-]

adj.

识数的,有计算能力的

numeracy

n.

numeracy

numeracy
Numeracy is the ability to do arithmetic.

- Six months later John had developed literacy and numeracy skills, plus confidence.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

numeral

[D.J.:ˈnu:mərəl, ˈnju:-]

[K.K.:ˈnumərəl, ˈnju-]

n.

数词;数字

adj.

数字的

numerals

数码

numeral

numeral numerals
Numerals are written symbols used to represent numbers.

- ...a flat, square wristwatch with classic Roman numerals.

- ...the numeral six.

N-COUNT

numeral

noun

number

digit

figure

integer

numerate

numerate
Someone who is numerate is able to do arithmetic.

- Your children should be literate and numerate.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ innumerate

numerical

[D.J.:nju:ˈmerikəl]

[K.K.:nuˈmɛrɪkəl, nju-]

adj.

数字的, 用数字表示的, 数值的

numerically

[D.J.:nju:ˈmerɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:nuˈm ɛrɪkəlɪ]

adv.

数字上,用数表示地

numerical *

1. numerical
Numerical means expressed in numbers or relating to numbers.

- Your job is to group them by letter and put them in numerical order.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. numerically

- ...a numerically coded colour chart...

- Numerically, there are a lot of young people involved in crime.

ADV

numerology

[D.J.:ˌnu:məˈrɔlədʒi:, ˌnju:-]

[K.K.:ˌnuməˈrɑlədʒi, ˌnju-]

n.

数字命理学,数字占卦术

numerology

numerology
Numerology is the study of particular numbers, such as a person's date of birth, in the belief that they may have special significance in a person's life.

- The number eighty-eight is very lucky in Chinese numerology.

N-UNCOUNT

numerous

[D.J.:ˈnju:mərəs]

[K.K.:ˈnumərəs, ˈnju-]

adj.

很多的, 许多的

numerous ***

numerous
If people or things are numerous , they exist or are present in large numbers.

- Sex crimes were just as numerous as they are today.

- Despite numerous attempts to diet, her weight soared.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ rare scarce

numerous

adjective

many

abundant

copious

plentiful

profuse

several

thick on the ground

numinous

[D.J.:ˈnu:mənəs, ˈnju:-]

[K.K.:ˈnumənəs, ˈnju-]

adj.

神圣的，神秘的;超自然的

令人敬畏而又向往的

numinous

numinous
Things that are numinous seem holy or spiritual and mysterious. (LITERARY)

- This garment was beautifully numinous after being touched and blessed by so many loving hands.

ADJ-GRADED

nun

[D.J.:nʌn]

[K.K.:nʌn]

n.

(通常指基督教的)修女; (佛教的)尼姑

nun **

nun nuns
A nun is a member of a female religious community.

- Mr Thomas was taught by the Catholic nuns whose school he attended to work and study hard.

N-COUNT

nuncio

[D.J.:ˈnʌnʃiəu]

[K.K.:ˈnʌnsiˌo, ˈnʊn-]

n.

罗马教廷大使

nuncio

nuncio nuncios
In the Roman Catholic church, a nuncio is an official who represents the Pope in a foreign country.

- Ties were broken in 1949 when the papal nuncio was refused entry into Belgium.

N-COUNT

nuncio

noun

ambassador

envoy

legate

messenger

nunnery

[D.J.:ˈnʌnəri:]

[K.K.:ˈnʌnəri]

n.

尼姑庵;女修道院

nunnery

nunnery nunneries
A nunnery is a group of buildings in which a community of nuns live together. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT
= convent

nunnery

noun

convent

abbey

cloister

house

nuptial

[D.J.:ˈnʌpʃəl, -tʃəl]

[K.K.:ˈnʌpʃəl, -tʃəl]

adj.

婚姻的,婚礼的

n.

婚礼

nuptials

[D.J.:ˈnʌpʃlz]

[K.K.: ˈnʌpʃəlz]

n.

婚礼

nuptial

1. nuptial
Nuptial is used to refer to things relating to a wedding or to marriage. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- I went to the room which he had called the nuptial chamber.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= marital

2. nuptial nuptials
Someone's nuptials are their wedding celebrations. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- I've heard of your impending nuptials, my dear.

N-PLURAL: usu with poss
= wedding

nuptial

adjective

marital

bridal

conjugal

connubial

matrimonial

nuptials

plural noun

wedding

marriage

matrimony

nurse

[D.J.:nə:s]

[K.K.:nɚs]

n.

护士

保育员; 保姆

vt. & vi.

护理, 照料

喂, 吃奶

nursing

[D.J.:ˈnɜ:sɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈnə..sɪŋ]

n.

护理;看护

nursing home

小型私人医院

nurse ***

1. nurse
A nurse is a person whose job is to care for people who are ill.

- She had spent 29 years as a nurse.

- Patients were dying because of an acute shortage of nurses.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC

2. nurse nurses nursing nursed
If you nurse someone, you care for them when they are ill.

- All the years he was sick my mother had nursed him.

- She rushed home to nurse her daughter back to health.

VB

3. nurse nurses nursing nursed
If you nurse an illness or injury, you allow it to get better by resting as much as possible.

- We're going to go home and nurse our colds.

VB

4. nurse nurses nursing nursed
If you nurse an emotion or desire, you feel it strongly for a long time.

- Jane still nurses the pain of rejection.

- He had nursed an ambition to lead his own big orchestra.

VB
= harbour

5. nurse nurses
A nurse is a person who is trained to look after young children. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Every morning she got up early with the children and the nurse.

N-COUNT
= nanny

6. nurse nurses nursing nursed
When a baby nurses or when its mother nurses it, it feeds by sucking milk from its mother's breast. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Most authorities recommend letting the baby nurse whenever it wants.

- ...young women nursing babies...

- Young people and nursing mothers are exempted from charges.

V-ERG
= suckle

nursing **

nursing
Nursing is the profession of looking after people who are ill.

- She had no aptitude for nursing.

- Does the nursing staff seem to care?

N-UNCOUNT

nurse

verb

1.

look after

care for

minister to

tend

treat

2.

breast-feed

feed

nourish

nurture

suckle

wet-nurse

3.

foster

cherish

cultivate

encourage

harbour

preserve

promote

succour

support

nursemaid

[D.J.:ˈnɜ:sˌmeɪd]

[K.K.:ˈnə..sˌmed]

n.

育婴女佣;保姆

nursemaid

nursemaid nursemaids
A nursemaid is a woman or girl who is paid to look after young children. (AM; ALSO BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT
= nurse nanny

nursery

[D.J.:ˈnə:səri]

[K.K.:ˈnɚsəri, ˈnɚsri]

n.

托儿所, 育儿室

苗圃

nursery **

1. nursery nurseries
A nursery is a place where children who are not old enough to go to school are looked after.

- This nursery will be able to cater for 29 children.

- Her company ran its own workplace nursery.

N-COUNT: also at/from/to N
See also day nursery .

2. nursery nurseries
Nursery is a school for very young children.

- An affordable nursery education service is an essential basic amenity.

- ...a nursery teacher.

N-VAR: oft N n

3. nursery nurseries
A nursery is a room in a family home in which the young children of the family sleep or play.

- He has painted murals in his children's nursery.

N-COUNT

4. nursery nurseries
A nursery is a place where plants are grown in order to be sold.

- The garden, developed over the past 35 years, includes a nursery.

N-COUNT

nursery

noun

creche

kindergarten

playgroup

nurseryman

[ˈnə:sərimən]

n.

花圃工人; 园丁; 苗木培育工

nurseryman

nurseryman nurserymen
A nurseryman is a man who works in a place where young plants are grown in order to be sold.
N-COUNT

nursery nurse

nursery nurse nursery nurses
A nursery nurse is a person who has been trained to look after very young children. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

nursery rhyme

nursery rhyme nursery rhymes
A nursery rhyme is a poem or song for young children, especially one that is old or well known.
N-COUNT

nursery school *

nursery school nursery schools
A nursery school or a nursery is a school for very young children.

- The availability of nursery school places varies widely across London.

N-VAR
= kindergarten

nursing bottle

nursing bottle nursing bottles
A nursing bottle is a plastic bottle with a special rubber top through which a baby can suck milk or another liquid. (AM; in BRIT use feeding bottle )
N-COUNT

nursing home *

nursing home nursing homes
A nursing home is a private hospital, especially one for old people.

- Isaac Binger has died in a nursing home in Florida at the age of 87.

N-COUNT

nurture

[D.J.:ˈnə:tʃə]

[K.K.:ˈnɚtʃɚ]

vt.

养育; 培育, 培养

n.

教养, 培育

nurture **

1. nurture nurtures nurturing nurtured
If you nurture something such as a young child or a young plant, you care for it while it is growing and developing. (FORMAL)

- Parents want to know the best way to nurture and raise their child to adulthood.

- The modern conservatory is not an environment for nurturing plants.

VB

2. nurturing

- She was not receiving warm nurturing care.

ADJ-GRADED

3. nurturing

- Which adult in these children's lives will provide the nurturing they need?

N-UNCOUNT

4. nurture nurtures nurturing nurtured
If you nurture plans, ideas, or people, you encourage them or help them to develop. (FORMAL)

- She had always nurtured great ambitions for her son.

- ...parents whose political views were nurtured in the sixties...

- Charlie Nelson has nurtured fine sprinters.

VB
= cultivate

5. nurturing

- The decision to cut back on film-making had a catastrophic effect on the nurturing of new talent.

N-UNCOUNT

6. nurture
Nurture is care and encouragement that is given to someone while they are growing and developing.

- The human organism learns partly by nature, partly by nurture.

N-UNCOUNT

nurture

noun

1.

development

discipline

education

instruction

rearing

training

upbringing

verb

2.

develop

bring up

discipline

educate

instruct

rear

school

train

nut

[D.J.:nʌt]

[K.K.:nʌt]

n.

干果, 坚果

螺母, 螺帽

头

nuts

[D.J.:nʌts]

[K.K.:nʌts]

adj.

〈俚〉发疯的; 傻的

〈美俚〉热爱的; 迷恋的

nut **

1. nut nuts
The firm shelled fruit of some trees and bushes are called nuts . Some nuts can be eaten.

- Nuts and seeds are good sources of vitamin E.

N-COUNT
See also groundnut , hazelnut , peanut .

2. nut nuts
A nut is a thick metal ring which you screw onto a metal rod called a bolt. Nuts and bolts are used to hold things such as pieces of machinery together.

- If you want to repair the wheels you just undo the four nuts.

- ...nuts and bolts that haven't been tightened up.

N-COUNT

3. nut nuts
If you describe someone as, for example, a football nut or a health nut , you mean that they are extremely enthusiastic about the thing mentioned. (INFORMAL)

- ...a football nut who spends thousands of pounds travelling to watch games.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= fanatic

4. nut
If you are nuts about something or someone, you like them very much. (INFORMAL)

- They're nuts about the car.

- She's nuts about you.

ADJ: v-link ADJ about n feelings

5. nut nuts
If you refer to someone as a nut , you mean that they are mad. (INFORMAL)

- There's some nut out there with a gun.

N-COUNT disapproval

6. nut
If you say that someone goes nuts or is nuts , you mean that they go crazy or are very foolish. (INFORMAL)

- You guys are nuts.

- A number of the French players went nuts, completely out of control.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

7. nut nuts
A man's testicles can be referred to as his nuts . (INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-PLURAL

8. nut nuts
Your head can be referred to as your nut . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu poss N

9. nut
If someone goes nuts , or in British English does their nut , they become extremely angry. (INFORMAL)

- My father would go nuts if he saw bruises on me.

- We heard your sister doing her nut.

PHR: V inflects

10. nut
If you talk about the nuts and bolts of a subject or an activity, you are referring to the detailed practical aspects of it rather than abstract ideas about it.

- He's more concerned about the nuts and bolts of location work.

PHR: usu the PHR of n

11. nut
If you think someone is difficult to deal with, you can say they are a tough nut or a hard nut . (INFORMAL)

- The Daily Express describes Dr Carey as a pretty tough nut.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

12. nut
If you say that something is a hard nut to crack or a tough nut to crack , you mean that it is difficult to do or to understand. (INFORMAL)

- Getting out there is in many ways the hardest nut to crack.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

nut

noun

1.

madman

crank informal

lunatic

maniac

nutcase slang

psycho slang

2.

head

brain

mind

reason

senses

nut-brown

[ˈnʌtˈbraun]

adj.

胡桃色,栗色的,深棕色的

nut-brown

nut-brown
Nut-brown is used to describe things that are dark reddish brown in colour.

- ...a tiny, nut-brown monkey.

COLOUR

nutcase

n.

疯子

nutcase

nutcase nutcases
If you refer to someone as a nutcase , you mean that they are mad or that their behaviour is very strange. (INFORMAL)

- The woman's a nutcase. She needs locking up.

N-COUNT also nut case . disapproval

nutcracker

[D.J.:ˈnʌtˌkrækə]

[K.K.:ˈnʌtˌkrækɚ]

n.

夹碎坚果的钳子,胡桃钳

nutcracker

nutcracker nutcrackers
A nutcracker is a device used to crack the shell of a nut. Nutcrackers can be used to refer to one or more of these devices.
N-COUNT

nutmeg

[D.J.:ˈnʌtmeɡ]

[K.K.:ˈnʌtˌmɛɡ]

n.

肉豆蔻,肉豆蔻种子中的核仁

nutmeg *

nutmeg
Nutmeg is a spice made from the seed of a tree that grows in hot countries. Nutmeg is usually used to flavour sweet food.
N-UNCOUNT

nutrient

[D.J.:ˈnju:triənt]

[K.K.:ˈnutriənt, ˈnju-]

n.

(食品或化学品)营养物, 营养品

adj.

营养物的, 营养品的

nutrient **

nutrient nutrients
Nutrients are substances that help plants and animals to grow.

- In her first book she explained the role of vegetable fibres, vitamins, minerals and other essential nutrients.

N-COUNT: usu pl

nutrition

[D.J.:nju:ˈtriʃən]

[K.K.:nuˈtrɪʃən, nju-]

n.

营养

nutrition **

nutrition
Nutrition is the process of taking food into the body and absorbing the nutrients in those foods.

- There are alternative sources of nutrition to animal meat.

- As in all experimental sciences, we still do not know everything about nutrition.

N-UNCOUNT

nutrition

noun Slang

food

nourishment

nutriment

sustenance

nutritional

[D.J.:nju:ˈtrɪʃɵnəl]

[K.K.:njuˈtrɪʃənl..]

adj.

营养的，滋养的

营养品的；食物的

nutritionally

在营养上

nutritional *

1. nutritional
The nutritional content of food is all the substances that are in it which help you to remain healthy.

- It does sometimes help to know the nutritional content of foods.

- Cooking vegetables reduces their nutritional value.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= nutritive

2. nutritionally

- ...a nutritionally balanced diet.

ADV

nutritionist

[D.J.:nju:ˈtriʃənist]

[K.K.:nuˈtrɪʃənɪst, nju-]

n.

营养学家

nutritionist *

nutritionist nutritionists
A nutritionist is a person whose job is to give advice on what you should eat to remain healthy.

- Nutritionists say only 33% of our calorie intake should be from fat.

N-COUNT

nutritious

[D.J.:nu:ˈtrɪʃəs, nju:-]

[K.K.:nuˈtrɪʃəs, nju-]

adj.

有营养的, 滋养的

nutritious *

nutritious
Nutritious food contains substances which help your body to be healthy.

- It is always important to choose enjoyable, nutritious foods.

- Some ready made meals are nutritious and very easy to prepare.

ADJ-GRADED
= nourishing

nutritious

adjective

nourishing

beneficial

health-giving

invigorating

nutritive

strengthening

wholesome

nutritive

[D.J.:ˈnju:tritiv]

[K.K.:ˈnutrɪtɪv, ˈnju-]

adj.

营养的

n.

富于营养的食物

nutritive

nutritive
The nutritive content of food is all the substances that are in it which help you to remain healthy.

- Coconut milk has little nutritive value.

ADJ: ADJ n
= nutritional

nutshell

[D.J.:ˈnʌtˌʃel]

[K.K.:ˈnʌtˌʃɛl]

n.

坚果的外壳

in a nutshell

简言之；一言以蔽之

nutshell

nutshell
You can use in a nutshell to indicate that you are saying something in a very brief way, using few words.

- In a nutshell, the owners thought they knew best.

- This, in a nutshell, is what Richard Chaplin appears to have done.

PHR: usu PHR with cl
= in a word

nutter

[ˈnʌtə]

n.

拾坚果的人,疯狂的人

nutter

nutter nutters
If you refer to someone as a nutter , you mean that they are mad or that their behaviour is very strange. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Is he a nutter, or is he a genius?.

- He was a bit of a nutter.

N-COUNT disapproval
= nut nutcase

nutty

[D.J.:ˈnʌti]

[K.K.:ˈnʌti]

adj.

多坚果的,产坚果的,坚果般的,〈口〉狂热的

nutty *

1. nutty nuttier nuttiest
If you describe food as nutty , you mean that it tastes of nuts, has the texture of nuts, or is made with nuts.

- ...nutty butter cookies...

- Chick peas have a distinctive, delicious and nutty flavour.

ADJ-GRADED

2. nutty nuttier nuttiest
If you describe someone as nutty , you mean that their behaviour is very strange or foolish. (INFORMAL)

- He looked like a nutty professor.

- That's a nutty idea.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

nuzzle

[D.J.:ˈnʌzəl]

[K.K.:ˈnʌzəl]

vt.

(用鼻)掘,擦,触

依偎,舒服地躺卧

nuzzle up against/to sb/sth

(用头或脸)紧挨，摩擦

nuzzle

nuzzle nuzzles nuzzling nuzzled
If you nuzzle someone or something, you gently rub your nose and mouth against them to show affection.

- She nuzzled me and I cuddled her.

- The dog came and nuzzled up against me in the most friendly manner.

VB

nuzzle

verb

snuggle

burrow

cuddle

fondle

nestle

pet

NW

abbr.

northwest,northwestern 西北

NW

abbr.

northwest, northwestern 西北

NW

NW
NW is a written abbreviation for north-west .

- ...Ivor Place, London NW 1.

nylon

[D.J.:ˈnailən]

[K.K.:ˈnaɪˌlɑn]

n.

尼龙

女长袜

nylon *

1. nylon
Nylon is a strong, flexible artificial fibre.

- Europe's largest producer of nylon is based in Belgium.

- I put on a new pair of nylon socks.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. nylon nylons
Nylons are stockings made of nylon. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- This woman wore seamed nylons and kept smoothing her skirt.

N-PLURAL

nymph

[D.J.:nɪmf]

[K.K.:nɪmf]

n.

(希腊、罗马文学中的)仙女

nymphal

adj.

仙女的

nymphal

adj.

幼虫的,蛹的

nymph *

1. nymph nymphs
In Greek and Roman mythology, nymphs were spirits of nature who appeared as young women.
N-COUNT

2. nymph nymphs
A nymph is the larva, or young form, of an insect such as a dragonfly.
N-COUNT

nymph

noun

sylph

dryad

girl

maiden

naiad

O

[əu]

哦,哟,…啊,唉,哎呀(表示惊讶、痛苦、恐惧、赞叹等)

O.

abbr.

Ohio 美国俄亥俄州州名

Ontario 加拿大安大略省

O.

abbr.

Ohio 美国俄亥俄州州名

Ontario 加拿大安大略省

O, o

1. O, o O's, o's
O is the fifteenth letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

2. O, o
O is used to mean zero, for example when you are telling someone a telephone number, or mentioning a year such as 1908. (SPOKEN)
NUM

3. O, o
O is used in exclamations, especially when you are expressing strong feelings. (LITERARY)

- O how mistaken you are!.

- O God, I want to go home.

EXCLAM feelings
See also oh .

4. O, o
O is used as an abbreviation for words beginning with o, such as `old' or `organization'.

o'

[D.J.:ə]

abbr.

of的缩写(如o'clock等)

on的缩写

o'

[ə]

abbr.

of的缩写(如o'clock等)

on的缩写

o'

o'
O' is used in written English to represent the word `of' pronounced in a particular way.

- I lost a lot o' blood.

- Can we have a cup o' coffee, please?

PREP
See also o'clock .

oaf

[D.J.:əuf]

[K.K.:of]

n.

〈罕〉呆子,畸形儿

oaf

oaf oafs
If you refer to someone, especially a man or boy, as an oaf , you think that they are impolite, clumsy, or aggressive.

- Leave the lady alone, you drunken oaf.

N-COUNT: oft adj N disapproval
= lout

oaf

noun

idiot

blockhead

clod

dolt

dunce

fool

goon

lout

moron

numbskull or numskull

oafish

[D.J.:ˈəʊfɪʃ]

[K.K.: ˈofɪʃ]

adj.

痴呆的;笨手笨脚的

oafish

oafish
If you describe someone, especially a man or a boy, as oafish , you disapprove of their behaviour because you think that it is impolite, clumsy, or aggressive.

- The bodyguards, as usual, were brave but oafish.

- ...oafish humour.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= loutish

oafish

adjective

moronic

dense

dim-witted informal

doltish

dumb informal

loutish

stupid

thick

oak

[D.J.:əuk]

[K.K.:ok]

n.

栎树, 橡树

栎木, 橡木

oak **

1. oak oaks
An oak or an oak tree is a large tree that often grows in woods and forests and has strong, hard wood.

- Many large oaks were felled during the war.

- ...forests of beech, chestnut, and oak.

N-VAR

2. oak
Oak is the wood of this tree.

- The cabinet was made of oak and was hand-carved.

N-UNCOUNT

OAP

abbr.

Old Age Pension 养老金

OAP

abbr.

Old Age Pension 养老金

OAP

OAP OAPs
An OAP is a person who is old enough to receive an old age pension from the government. OAP is an abbreviation for `old age pensioner'. (BRIT)

- In 11 years I will be 60 and an OAP.

- ...tickets only £6 each and half that for OAPs and kids.

N-COUNT
= senior citizen

oar

[D.J.:ɔ:]

[K.K.:ɔr, or]

n.

桨, 橹

oar *

oar oars
Oars are long poles with a wide, flat blade at one end which are used for rowing a boat.
N-COUNT

oarlock

[D.J.:ˈɔ:lɔk]

[K.K.:ˈɔrˌlɑk, ˈor-]

n.

桨架

oarlock

oarlock oarlocks
The oarlocks on a rowing boat are the U-shaped pieces of metal that keep the oars in position while you move them backwards and forwards. (AM; in BRIT use rowlock )
N-COUNT

oasis

[D.J.:əʊˈeɪsɪs]

[K.K.:oˈesɪs]

n.

绿洲

oasis *

1. oasis oases
An oasis is a small area in a desert where water and plants are found.
N-COUNT

2. oasis oases
You can refer to a pleasant place or situation as an oasis when it is surrounded by unpleasant ones.

- The immaculately tended gardens are an oasis in the midst of Cairo's urban sprawl.

N-COUNT
= haven

oath

[D.J.:əuθ]

[K.K.:oθ]

n.

誓言; 誓约

咒骂; 诅咒语

oath *

1. oath oaths
An oath is a formal promise, especially a promise to be loyal to a person or country.

- He took an oath of loyalty to the government.

- He swore an oath promising to uphold and protect the country's laws and constitution.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= pledge

See also Hippocratic oath .

2. oath
In a court of law, when someone takes the oath , they make a formal promise to tell the truth. You can say that someone is on oath or under oath when they have made this promise.

- His girlfriend had gone into the witness box and taken the oath.

- Under oath, Aston finally admitted that he had lied.

- Three officers gave evidence on oath against him.

N-SING: the N, also on/under N

3. oath oaths
An oath is an offensive or emphatic word or expression which you use when you are angry or shocked. (WRITTEN)

- Wellor let out a foul oath and hurled himself upon him.

N-COUNT
= curse

oath

noun

1.

promise

affirmation

avowal

bond

pledge

vow

word

2.

swearword

blasphemy

curse

expletive

profanity

oatmeal

[D.J.:ˈəʊtˌmi:l]

[K.K.:ˈotˌmil]

n.

燕麦片

oatmeal *

1. oatmeal
Oatmeal is a kind of flour made by crushing oats.

- ...oatmeal biscuits.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. oatmeal
Oatmeal is a thick sticky food made from oats cooked in water or milk and eaten hot, especially for breakfast. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use porridge )
N-UNCOUNT
= porridge

3. oatmeal
Something that is oatmeal is a pale creamy brown colour.

- ...an oatmeal tweed jacket.

COLOUR

oats

[D.J.:əuts]

n.

燕麦

get your oats

有规律地过性生活

sow your wild oats

(通常指青年男子)(结婚前)行为不检，纵情玩乐，过放荡的生活

oats *

1. oats
Oats are a cereal crop or its grains, used for making biscuits or a food called porridge, or for feeding animals.

- nsider including it.

- ...oat bran.

N-PLURAL The form oat is used as a modifier

2. oats
If a young person sows their wild oats , they behave in a rather uncontrolled way, especially by having a lot of sexual relationships.

- The kids need to sow a few wild oats.

PHR: V inflects The form oat is used as a modifier

obduracy

[D.J.:ˈɔbdjurəsi,ɔbˈdju:rəs]

[K.K.:ˈɑbdʊrəsi, -djʊr-]

n.

冷酷无情,顽固,执拗

obdurate

[D.J.:ˈɔbdʊrɪt, -djʊ-]

[K.K.:ˈɑbdʊrɪt, -djʊ-]

adj.

顽固的,执拗的

麻木不仁的,冷酷无情的

obduracy

n.

obduracy

obduracy
If you accuse someone of obduracy , you think their refusal to change their decision or opinion is unreasonable. (FORMAL)

- MPs have accused the government of obduracy and called on ministers to reverse their decision.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= obstinacy

obdurate

obdurate
If you describe someone as obdurate , you think that they are being unreasonable in their refusal to change their decision or opinion. (FORMAL)

- Parts of the administration may be changing but others have been obdurate defenders of the status quo.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= obstinate

obdurate

adjective

stubborn

dogged

hard-hearted

immovable

implacable

inflexible

obstinate

pig-headed

unyielding

obedience

[D.J.:əʊˈbi:di:əns]

[K.K.:oˈbidiəns]

n.

服从;顺从;听话

obedient

[D.J.:əˈbi:djənt]

[K.K.:oˈbidiənt]

adj.

顺从的; 服从的

obediently

[D.J.:əˈbi:dɪəntlɪ]

[K.K.:əˈbidɪəntlɪ]

adv.

服从地,顺从地,忠顺地

obedient *

1. obedient
A person or animal who is obedient does what they are told to do.

- He was very respectful at home and obedient to his parents.

- What a sweet, obedient little girl she was in the sixth grade.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ disobedient

2. obedience

- ...unquestioning obedience to the law...

- They command the respect and obedience of the armed forces.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n

3. obediently

- He was looking obediently at Keith, waiting for orders.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

obedience

noun

respect

acquiescence

compliance

docility

observance

reverence

submissiveness

subservience

obedient

adjective

respectful

acquiescent

biddable

compliant

deferential

docile

dutiful

submissive

subservient

well-trained

obeisance

[D.J.:əʊˈbeɪsəns, əʊˈbi:-]

[K.K.:oˈbesəns, oˈbi-]

n.

敬礼,行礼

敬意

obeisant

adj.

obeisance

1. obeisance
Obeisance to someone or something is great respect shown for them. (FORMAL)

- While he was still young and strong all paid obeisance to him.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N to n

2. obeisance obeisances
An obeisance is a physical gesture, especially a bow, that you make in order to show your respect for someone or something. (FORMAL)

- One by one they came forward, mumbled grudging words of welcome, made awkward obeisances.

N-VAR

obelisk

[D.J.:ˈɔbilisk]

[K.K.:ˈɑbəlɪsk]

n.

方尖石塔,短剑号,疑问记号

obelisk

obelisk obelisks
An obelisk is a tall stone pillar that has been built in honour of a person or an important event.
N-COUNT

obelisk

noun

column

monolith

monument

needle

pillar

shaft

obese

[D.J.:əʊˈbi:s]

[K.K.:oˈbis]

adj.

极为肥胖的

obesity

[D.J.:əʊˈbi:sɪti:]

[K.K.:oˈbisɪti]

n.

肥胖;过胖

obese *

1. obese
If someone is obese , they are extremely fat.

- The tendency to become obese is at least in part hereditary.

- Obese people tend to have higher blood pressure than lean people.

ADJ-GRADED
= fat

2. obesity

- ...the excessive consumption of sugar that leads to problems of obesity.

N-UNCOUNT

obese

adjective

fat

corpulent

gross

heavy

overweight

paunchy

plump

portly

rotund

stout

tubby

obesity

noun

fatness

bulk

corpulence

grossness

portliness

stoutness

tubbiness

obey

[D.J.:əuˈbei]

[K.K.:oˈbe]

vt. & vi.

服从; 听从

vt.

遵守; 遵循

obey **

obey obeys obeying obeyed
If you obey a person, a command, or an instruction, you do what you are told to do.

- Cissie obeyed her mother without question.

- Most people obey the law.

- It was still Baker's duty to obey.

VB
= follow

obey

verb

carry out

abide by

act upon

adhere to

comply

conform

follow

heed

keep

observe

obfuscate

[D.J.:ˈɔbfəˌskeɪt, ɔbˈfʌsˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɑbfəˌsket, ɑbˈfʌsˌket]

vt.

使模糊,使混乱

使糊涂

obfuscation

n.

obfuscation

n.

昏迷,困惑

obfuscate

1. obfuscate obfuscates obfuscating obfuscated
To obfuscate something means to deliberately make it seem confusing and difficult to understand. (FORMAL)

- They are obfuscating the issue, as only insurance companies can.

- There are still some forces in Russia who do not want to cooperate on this matter, who want to obfuscate.

VB

2. obfuscation obfuscations

- He gave a more lucid exposition of the party's strategy than Bush has managed in months of obfuscation.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
≠ elucidation

obfuscate

verb

confuse

befog

cloud

darken

muddy the waters

obscure

perplex

obituary

[D.J.:əʊˈbɪtʃu:ˌeri:]

[K.K.:oˈbɪtʃuˌɛri]

n.

讣告, 讣闻

obituary **

obituary obituaries
Someone's obituary is an account of their life and character which is printed in a newspaper or broadcast soon after they die.

- I read your brother's obituary in the Times.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

object

[D.J.:ˈɔbdʒikt]

[K.K.:ˈɑbdʒɪkt]

n.

物体

对象; 客体

目标; 意向; 目的

可笑的人[事物]

宾语

[əbˈdʒekt]

vi.

不赞成, 反对; 抗议

vt.

以…为理由反对

object ****

1. object objects
An object is anything that has a fixed shape or form, that you can touch or see, and that is not alive.

- He squinted his eyes as though he were studying an object on the horizon.

- ...an object the shape of a coconut...

- In the cosy consulting room the children are surrounded by familiar objects.

N-COUNT
= article

2. object objects
The object of what someone is doing is their aim or purpose.

- The object of the exercise is to raise money for the charity.

- He made it his object in life to find the island.

- My object was to publish a scholarly work on Peter Mourne.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= objective aim

3. object objects
The object of a particular feeling or reaction is the person or thing it is directed towards or that causes it.

- The object of her hatred was 24-year-old model Ros French.

- The object of great interest at the Temple was a large marble tower built in memory of Buddha.

- She knew that she was an object of pity among her friends.

N-COUNT: N of n
See also sex object .

4. object objects
In grammar, the object of a verb or a preposition is the word or phrase which completes the structure begun by the verb or preposition.
N-COUNT
See also direct object , indirect object .

5. object objects objecting objected
If you object to something, you express your dislike or disapproval of it.

- A lot of people will object to the book.

- Cullen objected that his small staff would be unable to handle the added work.

- We objected strongly but were outvoted.

- `Hey, I don't know what you're talking about,' Russo objected.

VB

6. object
If you say that money is no object or distance is no object , you are emphasizing that you are willing or able to spend as much money as necessary or travel whatever distance is required.

- Hugh Johnson's shop in London has a range of superb Swedish crystal glasses that I would have if money were no object.

- Although he was based in Wales, distance was no object.

PHR: V inflects emphasis
= irrelevant

object

noun

1.

thing

article

body

entity

item

phenomenon

2.

target

focus

recipient

victim

3.

purpose

aim

design

end

goal

idea

intention

objective

point

object

verb

protest

argue against

demur

draw the line (at something)

expostulate

oppose

take exception

objection

[D.J.:əbˈdʒekʃən]

[K.K.:əbˈdʒɛkʃən]

n.

反对, 异议; 厌恶

反对的理由

objection **

1. objection objections
If you make or raise an objection to something, you say that you do not like it or agree with it.

- Some managers have recently raised objection to the PFA handling these negotiations.

- Despite objections by the White House, the Senate voted today to cut off aid to Jordan.

N-VAR
≠ approval

2. objection
If you say that you have no objection to something, you mean that you are not annoyed or bothered by it.

- I have no objection to banks making money.

- I no longer have any objection to your going to see her.

N-UNCOUNT: with brd-neg

objection

noun

protest

counter-argument

demur

doubt

opposition

remonstrance

scruple

objectionable

[D.J.:əbˈdʒekʃənəbəl]

[K.K.:əbˈdʒɛkʃənəbəl]

adj.

<正>令人不快的;令人反感的;讨厌的

objectionable

objectionable
If you describe someone or something as objectionable , you consider them to be extremely offensive and unacceptable. (FORMAL)

- I don't like your tone young woman, in fact I find it highly objectionable.

- Such power is politically dangerous and morally objectionable.

ADJ-GRADED
= offensive

objectionable

adjective

unpleasant

deplorable

disagreeable

intolerable

obnoxious

offensive

regrettable

repugnant

unseemly

objective

[D.J.:əbˈdʒektiv]

[K.K.:əbˈdʒɛktɪv]

n.

目标; 目的

adj.

客观的; 不带偏见的

objectively

[D.J.:əbˈd ʒektɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:əbˈd ʒ ɛktɪvlɪ]

adv.

客观地

objectivity

[D.J.:ˌɔbdʒekˈtivəti]

[K.K.:ˌɑbdʒɛkˈtɪvɪti]

n.

客观性,客观现实

objective ***

1. objective objectives
Your objective is what you are trying to achieve.

- Our main objective was the recovery of the child safe and well.

- His objective was to play golf and win.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= aim goal

2. objective
Objective information is based on facts.

- He had no objective evidence that anything extraordinary was happening.

ADJ: ADJ n
= factual

3. objectively

- We simply want to inform people objectively about events all over Yugoslavia.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

4. objectivity

- The poll, whose objectivity is open to question, gave the party a 39% share of the vote.

N-UNCOUNT

5. objective
If someone is objective, they base their opinions on facts rather than on their personal feelings.

- I believe that a journalist should be completely objective.

- I would really like to have your objective opinion on this.

ADJ-GRADED
= impartial ≠ subjective

6. objectively

- Try to view situations more objectively, especially with regard to work.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

7. objectivity

- The psychiatrist must learn to maintain an unusual degree of objectivity.

N-UNCOUNT

objective

noun

1.

purpose

aim

ambition

end

goal

intention

mark

object

target

adjective

2.

unbiased

detached

disinterested

dispassionate

even-handed

fair

impartial

open-minded

unprejudiced

objectively

adverb

impartially

disinterestedly

dispassionately

even-handedly

with an open mind

objectivity

noun

impartiality

detachment

disinterestedness

dispassion

object lesson

object lesson object lessons
If you describe an action, event, or situation as an object lesson , you think that it demonstrates the correct way to do something, or that it demonstrates the truth of a particular principle.

- It was an object lesson in how to use television as a means of persuasion.

N-COUNT: oft N on/in n
= example

objector

[D.J.:əbˈd ʒektə]

[K.K.:əbˈd ʒ ɛktɚ]

n.

反对者

objector

objector objectors
An objector is someone who states or shows that they oppose or disapprove of something.

- The district council agreed with the objectors and turned down the application.

N-COUNT
≠ supporter

See also conscientious objector .

object-oriented

object-oriented
In computing, object-oriented programming involves dealing with code and data in blocks so that it is easier to change or do things with.

- ...object-oriented software.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

objet d'art

objet d'art objets d'art
Objets d'art are small ornaments that are considered to be attractive and of quite good quality. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl

obligate

[D.J.:ˈɔblɪˌgeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɑblɪˌɡet]

vt.

使(在法律或道义上)负有责任或义务

obligate

obligate obligates obligating obligated
If something obligates you to do a particular thing, it creates a situation where you have to do it. (FORMAL)

- The ruling obligates airlines to release information about their flight delays.

- Under a separation agreement, he was obligated to pay his ex-wife £20,000 a year for life.

VB

obligated

obligated
If you feel obligated to do something, you feel that it is your duty to do it. If you are obligated to someone, you feel that it is your duty to look after them. (FORMAL)

- I felt obligated to let him read the letter.

- He had got a girl pregnant and felt obligated to her and the child.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to-inf, ADJ to n

obligation

[D.J.:ˌɔbliˈɡeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɑblɪˈɡeʃən]

n.

义务; 责任

obligation **

1. obligation obligations
If you have an obligation to do something, it is your duty to do that thing.

- When teachers assign homework, students usually feel an obligation to do it.

- Ministers are under no obligation to follow the committee's recommendations.

N-VAR: usu N to-inf
= duty

2. obligation obligations
If you have an obligation to a person, it is your duty to look after them or protect their interests.

- The United States will do that which is necessary to meet its obligations to its own citizens.

- I have an ethical and a moral obligation to my client.

N-VAR: usu N to n
= responsibility

3. obligation
In advertisements, if a product or a service is available without obligation , you do not have to pay for that product or service until you have tried it and are satisfied with it.

- If you are selling your property, why not call us for a free valuation without obligation.

- You can review your policy in detail for a full 15 days without obligation.

PHR

obligation

noun

duty

accountability

burden

charge

compulsion

liability

requirement

responsibility

obligatory

[D.J.:əˈblɪgəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:, ˈɔblɪgə-]

[K.K.:əˈblɪɡəˌtɔri, -ˌtori, ˈɑblɪɡə-]

adj.

必须的, 必要的;要求的, 应尽的

obligatory *

1. obligatory
If something is obligatory , you must do it because of a rule or a law.

- Most women will be offered an ultrasound scan during pregnancy, although it's not obligatory.

- These rates do not include the charge for obligatory medical consultations.

ADJ
= compulsory ≠ optional

2. obligatory
If you describe something as obligatory , you mean that it is done from habit or custom rather than any sense of enthusiasm.

- His lips curved up in the obligatory smile, acknowledging the compliment.

- She was wearing the obligatory sweater and pearl necklace.

ADJ: ADJ n
= customary

obligatory

adjective

compulsory

binding

de rigueur

essential

imperative

mandatory

necessary

required

requisite

unavoidable

oblige

[D.J.:əˈblaidʒ]

[K.K.:əˈblaɪdʒ]

vt. & vi.

迫使做; 使负义务

满足请求; 施惠

vt.

感激

obliging

[D.J.:əˈblaɪdʒɪŋ]

[K.K.:əˈblaɪdʒɪŋ]

adj.

乐于助人的

obligingly

adv.

亲切地

oblige **

1. oblige obliges obliging obliged
If you are obliged to do something, a situation, rule, or law makes it necessary for you to do that thing.

- The storm got worse and worse. Finally, I was obliged to abandon the car and continue on foot.

- This decree obliges unions to delay strikes.

VB
= compel

2. oblige obliges obliging obliged
To oblige someone means to be helpful to them by doing what they have asked you to do.

- If you ever need help with the babysitting, I'd be glad to oblige.

- We called up three economists to ask how to eliminate the deficit and they obliged with very straightforward answers.

- Mr Oakley always has been ready to oblige journalists with information.

VB

3. oblige
People sometimes use obliged in expressions such as ` much obliged ' or ` I am obliged to you ' when they want to indicate that they are very grateful for something. (FORMAL or OLD-FASHIONED)

- Much obliged for your assistance.

- Thank you very much indeed, Doctor, I am extremely obliged to you.

CONVENTION formulae
= thank you

4. oblige
If you tell someone that you would be obliged or should be obliged if they would do something, you are telling them in a polite but firm way that you want them to do it. (FORMAL)

- I would be obliged if you could read it to us.

CONVENTION politeness

obliging *

1. obliging
If you describe someone as obliging , you think that they are willing and eager to be helpful. (OLD-FASHIONED or WRITTEN)

- He is an extremely pleasant and obliging man.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= accommodating

2. obligingly

- He swung round and strode towards the door. Benedict obligingly held it open.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

oblige

verb

1.

compel

bind

constrain

force

impel

make

necessitate

require

2.

indulge

accommodate

benefit

gratify

please

obliged

adjective

1.

grateful

appreciative

beholden

indebted

in (someone's) debt

thankful

2.

bound

compelled

forced

required

obliging

adjective

cooperative

accommodating

agreeable

considerate

good-natured

helpful

kind

polite

willing

oblique

[D.J.:əʊˈbli:k, əˈbli:k]

[K.K.:oˈblik, əˈblik]

adj.

歪的, 斜的;倾斜的, 偏斜的

拐弯抹角的;间接的

oblique *

1. oblique
If you describe a statement as oblique , you mean that is not expressed directly or openly, making it difficult to understand.

- It was an oblique reference to his mother.

- Mr Golding delivered an oblique warning, talking of the danger of sudden action.

ADJ-GRADED
= indirect

2. obliquely

- He obliquely referred to the US, Britain and Saudi Arabia.

ADV: ADV with v
= indirectly

3. oblique
An oblique line is a straight line that is not horizontal or vertical. An oblique angle is any angle other than a right angle.

- It lies between the plain and the sea at an oblique angle to the coastline.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. obliquely

- This muscle runs obliquely downwards inside the abdominal cavity.

ADV: ADV after v

oblique

adjective

1.

slanting

angled

aslant

sloping

tilted

2.

indirect

backhanded

circuitous

implied

roundabout

sidelong

obliterate

[D.J.:əˈblɪtəˌreɪt, əʊˈblɪt-]

[K.K.:əˈblɪtəˌret, oˈblɪt-]

vt.

除去;涂去;擦掉

彻底破坏或毁灭

obliteration

[əˌblitəˈreiʃən]

n.

涂去,删除

obliterate *

1. obliterate obliterates obliterating obliterated
If something obliterates an object or place, it destroys it completely.

- Their warheads are enough to obliterate the world several times over.

- Whole villages were obliterated by fire.

VB

2. obliteration

- ...the obliteration of three isolated rainforests.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. obliterate obliterates obliterating obliterated
If you obliterate something such as a memory, emotion, or thought, you remove it completely from your mind. (LITERARY)

- There was time enough to obliterate memories of how things once were for him.

VB
= eradicate

obliterate

verb

destroy

annihilate

blot out

efface

eradicate

erase

expunge

extirpate

root out

wipe out

obliteration

noun

annihilation

elimination

eradication

extirpation

wiping out

oblivion

[D.J.:əˈblɪvi:ən]

[K.K.:əˈblɪviən]

n.

遗忘, 忘却;无感觉, 无知觉

被遗忘, 被忘却

oblivion *

1. oblivion
Oblivion is the state of not being aware of what is happening around you, for example because you are asleep or unconscious.

- He just drank himself jovially into oblivion.

- Within the hour he had slipped once again into deep and dreamless oblivion.

N-UNCOUNT: usu into N
= unconsciousness

2. oblivion
Oblivion is the state of having been forgotten or of no longer being considered important.

- It seems that the so-called new theory is likely to sink into oblivion.

N-UNCOUNT: usu into N
= obscurity

3. oblivion
If you say that something is bombed or blasted into oblivion , you are emphasizing that it is completely destroyed.

- An entire poor section of town was bombed into oblivion.

N-UNCOUNT: into N emphasis

oblivion

noun

1.

neglect

abeyance

disregard

forgetfulness

2.

unconsciousness

insensibility

obliviousness

unawareness

oblivious

[D.J.:əˈblɪvi:əs]

[K.K.:əˈblɪviəs]

adj.

未察觉;不注意;忘记

oblivious *

1. oblivious
If you are oblivious to something or oblivious of it, you are not aware of it.

- She lay motionless where she was, oblivious to pain.

- Llewelyn appeared oblivious of his surroundings.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to/of n
≠ conscious

2. obliviously

- Burke was asleep, sprawled obliviously against the window.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. obliviousness

- Her obliviousness of what was happening in Germany seems extraordinary.

N-UNCOUNT
= ignorance

oblivious

adjective

unaware

forgetful

heedless

ignorant

insensible

neglectful

negligent

regardless

unconcerned

unconscious

unmindful

oblong

[D.J.:ˈɔbˌlɔ:ŋ, -ˌlɔŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɑbˌlɔŋ, -ˌlɑŋ]

adj.

长方形的

n.

长方形

oblong

oblong oblongs
An oblong is a shape which has two long sides and two short sides and in which all the angles are right angles.

- ...an oblong table.

N-COUNT: oft N n
= rectangle

obnoxious

[D.J.:ɔbˈnɔkʃəs, əb-]

[K.K.:ɑbˈnɑkʃəs, əb-]

adj.

极不愉快的;讨厌的;可憎的

obnoxiously

adv.

令人非常不快地;引起反感地

obnoxiousness

n.

讨厌;可恶

obnoxious *

obnoxious
If you describe someone as obnoxious, you think that they are very unpleasant.

- One of the parents was a most obnoxious character. No-one liked him.

- The people at my table were so obnoxious I simply had to change my seat.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= loathsome

obnoxious

adjective

offensive

disagreeable

insufferable

loathsome

nasty

nauseating

objectionable

odious

repulsive

revolting

unpleasant

oboe

[D.J.:ˈəʊbəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈobo]

n.

欧巴,双簧管

oboist

n.

oboist

[ˈɔbəuist]

n.

双簧管吹奏者

oboe

oboe oboes
An oboe is a musical instrument shaped like a tube which you play by blowing through a double reed in the top end.
N-VAR: oft the N

oboist

oboist oboists
An oboist is someone who plays the oboe.
N-COUNT

obscene

[D.J.:ɔbˈsi:n]

[K.K.:ɑbˈsin, əb-]

adj.

淫秽的, 下流的

可憎的, 可恶的

obscene *

1. obscene
If you describe something as obscene , you mean it offends you because it relates to sex or violence in a way that you think is unpleasant and shocking.

- I'm not prudish but I think these photographs are obscene.

- He continued to use obscene language and also to make threats.

ADJ-GRADED

2. obscene
In legal contexts, books, pictures, or films which are judged obscene are illegal because they deal with sex or violence in a way that is offensive to the general public.

- A city magistrate ruled that the novel was obscene and copies should be destroyed.

- The bill leaves it up to the courts to decide what is obscene.

- ...the Obscene Publications Act.

ADJ

3. obscene
If you describe something as obscene , you disapprove of it very strongly and consider it to be offensive or immoral.

- It was obscene to spend millions producing unwanted food.

- His salary was obscene for three 40-minute shows a week.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf/that disapproval
= offensive

obscene

adjective

1.

indecent

dirty

filthy

immoral

improper

lewd

offensive

pornographic

salacious

2.

sickening

atrocious

disgusting

evil

heinous

loathsome

outrageous

shocking

vile

wicked

obscenity

[D.J.:ɔbˈsenɪti:, əb-]

[K.K.:ɑbˈsɛnɪti, əb-]

n.

淫秽;猥亵;下流

淫秽的词语或行为

obscenity *

1. obscenity
Obscenity is behaviour, art, or language that is sexual and offends or shocks people.

- He insisted these photographs were not art but obscenity.

- James Joyce justified his use of `obscenity' on the grounds that it was a natural part of life.

N-UNCOUNT

2. obscenity obscenities
An obscenity is a very offensive word or expression.

- They shouted obscenities at us and smashed bottles on the floor.

N-VAR

3. obscenity obscenities
If you refer to an action or event as an obscenity , you disapprove of it very strongly and consider it to be offensive or immoral.

- It is not the only place experiencing the obscenities of civil war.

N-COUNT disapproval
= atrocity

obscenity

noun

1.

indecency

coarseness

dirtiness

impropriety

lewdness

licentiousness

pornography

smut

2.

swearword

four-letter word

profanity

vulgarism

3.

outrage

abomination

affront

atrocity

blight

evil

offence

wrong

obscurantism

[D.J.:ɔbskjuəˈræntiz(ə)m]

[K.K.:ɑbˈskjʊrənˌtɪzəm, əb-, ˌɑbskjʊˈræn-]

n.

蒙昧主义,反开化论,文盲政策

obscurantism

obscurantism
Obscurantism is the practice or policy of deliberately making something vague and difficult to understand, especially in order to prevent people from finding out the truth. (WRITTEN or FORMAL)

- ...legalistic obscurantism.

N-UNCOUNT
= obfuscation

obscurantist

[ˌɔbskjuəˈræntist,əbˈskjuərəntist]

n.

反启蒙主义者

adj.

反启蒙主义者的

obscurantist

obscurantist
If you describe something as obscurantist , you mean that it is deliberately vague and difficult to understand, so that it prevents people from finding out the truth about it. (WRITTEN or FORMAL)

- I think that a lot of poetry published today is obscurantist nonsense.

ADJ-GRADED

obscure

[D.J.:əbˈskjuə]

[K.K.:ɑbˈskjʊr, əb-]

adj.

不出名的; 不重要的

费解的; 模糊不清的

不易看清的, 暗淡的

vt.

使…模糊不清; 掩盖

obscure **

1. obscure obscurer obscurest
If something or someone is obscure , they are unknown, or are known by only a few people.

- The origin of the custom is obscure.

- The hymn was written by an obscure Greek composer for the 1896 Athens Olympics.

ADJ-GRADED
= unknown

2. obscure obscurer obscurest
Something that is obscure is difficult to understand or deal with, usually because it involves so many parts or details.

- The contracts are written in obscure language.

- Richard's statement was disgracefully obscure.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ straightforward

3. obscure obscures obscuring obscured
If one thing obscures another, it prevents it from being seen or heard properly.

- Trees obscured his vision; he couldn't see much of the Square's southern half.

- One wall of the parliament building is now almost completely obscured by a huge banner.

VB
= hide

4. obscure obscures obscuring obscured
To obscure something means to make it difficult to understand.

- ...the jargon that frequently obscures educational writing...

- This issue has been obscured by recent events.

VB

obscure

adjective

1.

vague

ambiguous

arcane

confusing

cryptic

enigmatic

esoteric

mysterious

opaque

recondite

2.

indistinct

blurred

cloudy

dim

faint

gloomy

murky

shadowy

3.

little-known

humble

lowly

out-of-the-way

remote

undistinguished

unheard-of

unknown

verb

4.

conceal

cover

disguise

hide

obfuscate

screen

veil

obscurity

[D.J.:ɔbˈskjʊərɪti:, əb-]

[K.K.:ɑbˈskjʊrɪti, əb-]

n.

不明, 费解, 隐晦, 无闻

晦涩或不明的事物

obscurity *

1. obscurity
Obscurity is the state of being known by only a few people.

- For the lucky few, there's the chance of being plucked from obscurity and thrown into the glamorous world of modelling.

- The latter half of his life was spent in obscurity and loneliness.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ fame

2. obscurity obscurities
Obscurity is the quality of being difficult to understand. An obscurity is something that is difficult to understand.

- `How can that be?' asked Hunt, irritated by the obscurity of Henry's reply.

- Whatever its obscurities, the poem was clear on at least one count.

N-VAR

obscurity

noun

1.

darkness

dimness

dusk

gloom

haze

shadows

2.

insignificance

lowliness

unimportance

obsequious

[D.J.:ɔbˈsi:kwi:əs, əb-]

[K.K.:ɑbˈsikwiəs, əb-]

adj.

奉承拍马的,卑躬屈膝的

obsequiously

adv.

obsequiousness

n.

obsequious

1. obsequious
If you describe someone as obsequious , you are criticizing them because they are too eager to help or agree with someone more important than them.

- Barrow was positively obsequious to me until he learnt that I too was the son of a labouring man.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= servile

2. obsequiously

- He smiled and bowed obsequiously to Winger.

ADV: ADV with v

3. obsequiousness

- I told him to get lost and leave me alone and his tone quickly changed from obsequiousness to outright anger.

N-UNCOUNT

obsequious

adjective

sycophantic

cringing

deferential

fawning

flattering

grovelling

ingratiating

servile

submissive

unctuous

observable

[D.J.:əbˈzə:vəbl]

[K.K.:əbˈzɚvəbəl]

adj.

观察得到的; 应遵守的; 应庆祝的

observable

observable
Something that is observable can be seen.

- If lifelong personality characteristics are observable in the womb, where do they come from?

ADJ
= noticeable

observable

adjective

noticeable

apparent

detectable

discernible

evident

obvious

perceptible

recognizable

visible

observance

[D.J.:əbˈzɜ:vəns]

[K.K.:əbˈzə..vəns]

n.

遵守,奉行;庆祝

observance *

observance observances
The observance of something such as a law or custom is the practice of obeying or following it.

- Local councils should use their powers to ensure strict observance of laws.

N-VAR

observance

noun

honouring

carrying out

compliance

fulfilment

performance

observant

[D.J.:əbˈzɜ:vənt]

[K.K.:əbˈzə..vənt]

adj.

善于观察的;观察力敏锐的

严守教规的

observant

1. observant
Someone who is observant pays a lot of attention to things and notices more about them than most people do.

- That's a marvellous description, Mrs Drummond. You're unusually observant.

- An observant doctor can often detect depression from expression, posture, and movement.

ADJ-GRADED

2. observant
An observant follower of a religion performs all the duties that his or her religion requires.

- ...a profoundly observant Islamic country.

ADJ: ADJ n

observant

adjective

attentive

alert

eagle-eyed

perceptive

quick

sharp-eyed

vigilant

watchful

wide-awake

observation

[D.J.:ˌɔbzə:ˈveiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɑbzɚˈveʃən]

n.

注意; 观察

观察力

言论, 评论, 意见

观察资料, 观察数据

observation **

1. observation
Observation is the action or process of carefully watching someone or something.

- ...careful observation of the movement of the planets...

- In hospital she'll be under observation all the time.

N-UNCOUNT

2. observation observations
An observation is something that you have learned by seeing or watching something and thinking about it.

- This book contains observations about the causes of addictions.

N-COUNT

3. observation observations
If a person makes an observation , they make a comment about something or someone, usually as a result of watching how they behave.

- `You're an obstinate man,' she said. `Is that a criticism,' I said, `or just an observation?'.

N-COUNT

4. observation
Observation is the ability to pay a lot of attention to things and to notice more about them than most people do.

- She has good powers of observation.

N-UNCOUNT
= perception

observation

noun

1.

study

examination

inspection

monitoring

review

scrutiny

surveillance

watching

2.

remark

comment

note

opinion

pronouncement

reflection

thought

utterance

observational

[ˌɔbzəˈveiʃənəl]

adj.

观察的,观测的

observational

observational
Observational means relating to the watching of people or things, especially in order to learn something new. (FORMAL)

- ...observational humour...

- The observational work is carried out on a range of telescopes.

ADJ

observatory

[D.J.:əbˈzɜ:vəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:]

[K.K.:əbˈzə..vəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

n.

天文台;气象台

observatory *

observatory observatories
An observatory is a building with a large telescope from which scientists study things such as the planets by watching them.
N-COUNT

observe

[D.J.:əbˈzə:v]

[K.K.:əbˈzɚv]

vt. & vi.

观察; 研究

vt.

看到; 注意到

遵守; 遵循

评论[述]; 讲

observing

[əbˈzə:viŋ]

adj.

注意的,留心的

observe ***

1. observe observes observing observed
If you observe a person or thing, you watch them carefully, especially in order to learn something about them.

- Stern also studies and observes the behaviour of babies.

- Are there any classes I could observe?.

- Our sniper teams observed them manning an anti-aircraft gun.

VB
= watch study

2. observe observes observing observed
If you observe someone or something, you see or notice them. (FORMAL)

- In 1664 Hooke observed a reddish spot on the surface of the planet.

VB
= notice

3. observe observes observing observed
If you observe that something is the case, you make a remark or comment about it, especially when it is something you have noticed and thought about a lot. (FORMAL)

- We observe that the first calls for radical transformation did not begin until the period of the industrial revolution.

- `He is a fine young man,' observed Stephen.

VB

4. observe observes observing observed
If you observe something such as a law or custom, you obey it or follow it.

- Imposing speed restrictions is easy, but forcing motorists to observe them is trickier.

- The army was observing a ceasefire.

- American forces are observing Christmas quietly.

VB
= honour

observe

verb

1.

see

detect

discern

discover

note

notice

perceive

spot

witness

2.

watch

check

keep an eye on informal

keep track of

look at

monitor

scrutinize

study

survey

view

3.

remark

comment

mention

note

opine

say

state

4.

honour

abide by

adhere to

comply

conform to

follow

heed

keep

obey

respect

observer

[D.J.:əbˈzə:və]

[K.K.:əbˈzɚvɚ]

n.

观察者, 观察员; 遵守者

observer ***

1. observer observers
You can refer to someone who sees or notices something as an observer .

- A casual observer would have taken them to be three men out for an evening stroll.

- Observers say the woman pulled a knife out of the bunch of flowers and stabbed him in the neck.

N-COUNT
= witness

2. observer observers
An observer is someone who studies current events and situations, especially in order to comment on them and predict what will happen next. (JOURNALISM)

- Observers say the events of the weekend seem to have increased support for the opposition.

- Political observers believe that a new cabinet may be formed shortly.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

3. observer observers
An observer is a person who is sent to observe an important event or situation, especially in order to make sure it happens as it should, or so that they can tell other people about it.

- The president suggested that a UN observer should attend the conference.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

observer

noun

spectator

beholder

bystander

eyewitness

fly on the wall

looker-on

onlooker

viewer

watcher

witness

obsess

[D.J.:əbˈses, ɔb-]

[K.K.:əbˈsɛs, ɑb-]

vt.

时刻困扰;缠住

obsess **

obsess obsesses obsessing obsessed
If something obsesses you or if you obsess about something, you keep thinking about it and find it difficult to think about anything else.

- I must admit that maps obsess me.

- A string of scandals is obsessing America.

- She stopped drinking but began obsessing about her weight.

- I started obsessing that Trish might die.

V-ERG

obsessed *

obsessed
If someone is obsessed with a person or thing, they keep thinking about them and find it difficult to think about anything else.

- He was obsessed with American gangster movies.

- She wasn't in love with Steve, she was obsessed by him physically.

- ...letters from all these really obsessed people.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with/by n

obsessed

adjective

preoccupied

dominated

gripped

haunted

hung up on slang

infatuated

troubled

obsession

[D.J.:əbˈseʃən]

[K.K.:əbˈsɛʃən, ɑb-]

n.

困扰, 无法摆脱的思想(或情感)

obsession **

obsession obsessions
If you say that someone has an obsession with a person or thing, you think they are spending too much time thinking about them.

- She would try to forget her obsession with Christopher.

- 95% of patients know their obsessions are irrational.

N-VAR: oft N with n
= fixation

obsession

noun

preoccupation

complex

fetish

fixation

hang-up informal

infatuation

mania

phobia

thing informal

obsessional

[əbˈseʃənəl]

adj.

摆脱不了的

obsessional

obsessional
Obsessional means the same as obsessive .

- She became almost obsessional about the way she looked.

ADJ-GRADED
= obsessive

obsessive

[D.J.:əbˈsesɪv, ɔb-]

[K.K.:əbˈsɛsɪv, ɑb-]

adj.

萦绕于心的;有执著想法的

obsessively

[D.J.:əbˈsesɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:əbˈs ɛsɪvlɪ]

adv.

使人着迷地;着魔地

困扰地

过分地

obsessive *

1. obsessive
If someone's behaviour is obsessive , they cannot stop doing a particular thing or behaving in a particular way.

- Williams is obsessive about motor racing.

- You were suffering from a period of obsessive depression after losing your job.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n
= obsessional

2. obsessively

- He couldn't help worrying obsessively about what would happen.

- The Ministry is being obsessively secretive about the issue.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. obsessive obsessives
An obsessive is someone who is obsessive about something or who behaves in an obsessive way.

- Obsessives, in any area, are invariably as boring as their hobbies.

- I am not an obsessive. Not at all.

N-COUNT

obsessive

adjective

compulsive

besetting

consuming

gripping

haunting

obsessive-compulsive disorder

obsessive-compulsive disorder
If someone suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder , they cannot stop doing a particular thing, for example washing their hands.
N-UNCOUNT

obsolescence

[D.J.:ˌ ɔbsəˈlesns]

[K.K.:ˌ ɑbsəˈl ɛsəns]

n.

废弃

陈旧过时

<生>(器官的)废退

obsolescent

[D.J.:ˌɔbsəˈlesənt]

[K.K.:ˌɑbsəˈlɛsənt]

adj.

逐步废弃的

obsolescence

n.

obsolescence

obsolescence
Obsolescence is the state of being no longer needed because something newer or more efficient has been invented.

- The aircraft was nearing obsolescence by early 1942.

N-UNCOUNT
= redundancy

obsolescent

obsolescent
If something is obsolescent , it is no longer needed because something better has been invented.

- ...outmoded, obsolescent equipment.

ADJ
= outdated

obsolescent

adjective

waning

ageing

declining

dying out

on the wane

on the way out

past its prime

obsolete

[D.J.:ˌɔbsəˈli:t, ˈɔbsəˌli:t]

[K.K.:ˌɑbsəˈlit, ˈɑbsəˌlit]

adj.

已不用的;已废弃的;过时的

obsolete *

obsolete
Something that is obsolete is no longer needed because something better has been invented.

- So much equipment becomes obsolete almost as soon as it's made.

ADJ-GRADED
= outdated

obsolete

adjective

extinct

antiquated

archaic

discarded

disused

old

old-fashioned

outmoded

out of date

pass´e

obstacle

[D.J.:ˈɔbstəkl]

[K.K.:ˈɑbstəkəl]

n.

障碍(物), 妨碍

obstacle **

1. obstacle obstacles
An obstacle is an object that makes it difficult for you to go where you want to go, because it is in your way.

- Most competition cars will only roll over if they hit an obstacle.

- He left her to navigate her own way round the trolleys and other obstacles.

N-COUNT

2. obstacle obstacles
You can refer to anything that makes it difficult for you to do something as an obstacle .

- Overcrowding remains a large obstacle to improving conditions.

- To succeed, you must learn to overcome obstacles.

N-COUNT: oft N to n/-ing
= hindrance

obstacle

noun

difficulty

bar

barrier

block

hindrance

hitch

hurdle

impediment

obstruction

snag

stumbling block

obstacle course

1. obstacle course obstacle courses
In a race, an obstacle course is a series of obstacles that people have to go over or round in order to complete the race.
N-COUNT

2. obstacle course obstacle courses
If you refer to a situation as an obstacle course , you mean that it is full of difficulties which have to be overcome before you can get or achieve what you want.

- The Government seems to have created a more demanding obstacle course for aspiring students than ever before.

N-COUNT: usu sing

obstetrician

[D.J.:ˌɔbsteˈtriʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɑbstɪˈtrɪʃən]

n.

产科医师

obstetrics

[D.J.:ɔbˈstetrɪks, əb-]

[K.K.:ɑbˈstɛtrɪks, əb-]

n.

产科学

obstetric

adj.

obstetrician

n.

obstetrician

obstetrician obstetricians
An obstetrician is a doctor who is specially trained to deal with pregnant women and with women who are giving birth. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

obstetrics

1. obstetrics
Obstetrics is the branch of medicine that is concerned with pregnancy and giving birth. (MEDICAL)

- The training covers extended periods in obstetrics and gynaecology.

N-UNCOUNT

2. obstetrics
Obstetric medicine and care is concerned with pregnancy and giving birth. (MEDICAL)

- For a child to be born with this disability indicates a defect in obstetric care.

ADJ: ADJ n

obstinacy

[D.J.:ˈɔbstənəsi:]

[K.K.:ˈɑbstənəsi]

n.

顽固,固执;顽强

(病痛等的)难治,难解除

顽固的事例;固执行为

obstinate

[D.J.:ˈɔbstənɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɑbstənɪt]

adj.

固执的;顽固的, 倔强的

难克服的, 不易去除的

obstinately

[D.J.:ˈ ɑbstənɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈ ɑbstənɪtlɪ]

adv.

顽固地,固执地

obstinate *

1. obstinate
If you describe someone as obstinate , you are being critical of them because they are very determined to do what they want, and refuse to change their mind or be persuaded to do something else.

- He is obstinate and determined and will not give up.

- She was a wicked and obstinate child.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= stubborn

2. obstinately

- I stayed obstinately in my room, sitting by the telephone.

- Smith obstinately refused to carry out the order.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= stubbornly

3. obstinacy

- I might have become a dangerous man with all that stubbornness and obstinacy built into me.

N-UNCOUNT
= stubbornness

4. obstinate
You can describe things as obstinate when they are difficult to move, change, or destroy.

- ...rusted farm equipment strewn among the obstinate weeds.

ADJ-GRADED

5. obstinately

- ...the door of the shop which obstinately stayed closed when he tried to push it open.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

obstinacy

noun

stubbornness

doggedness

inflexibility

intransigence

obduracy

persistence

pig-headedness

tenacity

wilfulness

obstinate

adjective

stubborn

determined

dogged

inflexible

intractable

intransigent

pig-headed

refractory

self-willed

strong-minded

wilful

obstreperous

[D.J.:ɔbˈstrepərəs, əb-]

[K.K.:ɑbˈstrɛpərəs, əb-]

adj.

喧嚣的,喧闹的

不服约束的

obstreperously

adv.

obstreperousness

n.

obstreperous

obstreperous
If you say that someone is obstreperous , you think that they are noisy and difficult to control.

- You know I have no intention of being awkward and obstreperous.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

obstreperous

adjective

unruly

disorderly

loud

noisy

riotous

rowdy

turbulent

unmanageable

wild

obstruct

[D.J.:əbˈstrʌkt]

[K.K.:əbˈstrʌkt, ɑb-]

vt.

阻塞; 堵塞

阻碍, 阻止, 妨碍

obstruct *

1. obstruct obstructs obstructing obstructed
If something obstructs a road or path, it blocks it, stopping people or vehicles getting past.

- Tractors and container lorries have completely obstructed the road.

VB
= block

2. obstruct obstructs obstructing obstructed
To obstruct someone or something means to make it difficult for them to move forward by blocking their path.

- A number of local people have been arrested for trying to obstruct lorries loaded with logs.

- Drivers who park their cars illegally, particularly obstructing traffic flow, deserve to be punished.

VB
= block

3. obstruct obstructs obstructing obstructed
To obstruct progress or a process means to prevent it from happening properly.

- The authorities are obstructing a United Nations investigation.

VB

4. obstruct obstructs obstructing obstructed
If someone or something obstructs your view, they are positioned between you and the thing you are trying to look at, stopping you from seeing it properly.

- Claire positioned herself so as not to obstruct David's line of sight.

VB
= block

obstruct

verb

block

bar

barricade

check

hamper

hinder

impede

restrict

stop

thwart

obstruction

[D.J.:əbˈstrʌkʃən, ɔb-]

[K.K.:əbˈstrʌkʃən, ɑb-]

n.

障碍物,阻碍物;阻碍,阻挠

obstructionism

n.

故意妨碍议案通过

obstructionist

n.

故意妨碍议案通过者

obstruction guard

(铁路机车的)护栏

obstructionism

[əbˈstrʌkʃənizəm]

n.

妨碍议程的手段,蓄意阻挠

obstructionist

[D.J.:əbˈstrʌkʃəˈnistik]

[K.K.:əbˈstrʌkʃənɪst, ɑb-]

n.

妨碍者

obstruction *

1. obstruction obstructions
An obstruction is something that blocks a road or path.

- John was irritated by drivers parking near his house and causing an obstruction.

N-COUNT

2. obstruction obstructions
An obstruction is something that blocks a passage in your body.

- The boy was suffering from a bowel obstruction and he died.

N-VAR

3. obstruction
Obstruction is the act of deliberately delaying something or preventing something from happening, usually in business, law, or government.

- Mr Guest refused to let them in and now faces a criminal charge of obstruction.

N-UNCOUNT

obstruction

noun

obstacle

bar

barricade

barrier

blockage

difficulty

hindrance

impediment

obstructionism

obstructionism
Obstructionism is the practice of deliberately delaying or preventing a process or change, especially in politics.

- Obstructionism is generally most evident at the stage of implementing a law.

N-UNCOUNT

obstructive

[D.J.:əbˈstrʌktɪv]

adj.

故意阻碍的

obstructively

adv.

妨碍地;引起阻塞地

obstructiveness

n.

妨碍,阻挡

obstructive

obstructive
If you say that someone is being obstructive , you think that they are deliberately causing difficulties for other people.

- Mr Smith was obstructive and refused to follow correct procedure.

ADJ-GRADED

obstructive

adjective

uncooperative

awkward

blocking

delaying

hindering

restrictive

stalling

unhelpful

obtain

[D.J.:əbˈtein]

[K.K.:əbˈten, ɑb-]

vt.

获得, 得到; 买到

vi.

通行; 流行

obtained

获得

obtain ***

1. obtain obtains obtaining obtained
To obtain something means to get it or achieve it. (FORMAL)

- Evans was trying to obtain a false passport and other documents.

- The perfect body has always been difficult to obtain.

VB

2. obtain obtains obtaining obtained
If a situation obtains , it exists. (FORMAL)

- The longer this situation obtains, the more extensive the problems become .

VB

obtain

verb

1.

get

achieve

acquire

attain

earn

gain

land

procure

secure

2.

exist

be in force

be prevalent

be the case

hold

prevail

obtainable

[D.J.:əbˈteɪnəbl]

[K.K.:əbˈtenəbl..]

adj.

可获得的；可取得的

obtainable

obtainable
If something is obtainable , it is possible to get or achieve it.

- The dried herb is obtainable from health shops.

- ...delicious cheeses which are obtainable anywhere in France.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ prep

obtainable

adjective

available

achievable

attainable

on tap informal

to be had

obtrude

[D.J.:ɔbˈtru:d, əb-]

[K.K.:ɑbˈtrud, əb-]

vt.

强行向前；强行; 强迫

obtrusion

n.

obtrusion

[əbˈtru:ʒən]

n.

强制,莽撞

obtrude

obtrude obtrudes obtruding obtruded
When something obtrudes or when you obtrude it, it becomes noticeable in an undesirable way. (LITERARY)

- A 40 watt bulb would be quite sufficient and would not obtrude.

- Gertrude now clearly felt that she had obtruded her sorrow.

- He didn't want to obtrude on her privacy.

V-ERG
= impose

obtrusive

[D.J.:ɔbˈtru:sɪv, -zɪv, əb-]

[K.K.:ɑbˈtrusɪv, -zɪv, əb-]

adj.

(难看得)刺眼的

冒失的,莽撞的,强加于人的

obtrusively

adv.

obtrusiveness

n.

obtrusively

adv.

冒失地,莽撞地

obtrusive

1. obtrusive
If you say that someone or something is obtrusive , you think they are noticeable in an unpleasant way.

- `You are rude and obtrusive, Mr Galbraith,' said Tommy.

- These heaters are less obtrusive and are easy to store away in the summer.

ADJ-GRADED

2. obtrusively

- Hawke got up and walked obtrusively out of the building.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

obtrusive

adjective

noticeable

blatant

obvious

prominent

protruding

protuberant

sticking out

obtuse

[D.J.:ɔbˈtu:s, -ˈtju:s, əb-]

[K.K.:ɑbˈtus, -ˈtjus, əb-]

adj.

迟钝的；(疼痛)不剧烈的；(印象)不鲜明的

钝角的

钝的,不尖利的

obtuseness

n.

obtuse

1. obtuse
Someone who is obtuse has difficulty understanding things, or makes no effort to understand them. (FORMAL)

- I've really been very obtuse and stupid.

- I'm a limited and obtuse clergyman while you're the expert.

ADJ-GRADED

2. obtuseness

- Naivety bordering on obtuseness helped sustain his faith.

N-UNCOUNT
= slowness

3. obtuse
An obtuse angle is between 90° and 180°. Compare acute angle. (TECHNICAL)
ADJ
≠ acute

obtuse

adjective

slow

dense

dull

stolid

stupid

thick

uncomprehending

obverse

[D.J.:ɔbˈvɜ:s, əb-, ˈɔbˌvɜ:s]

[K.K.:ɑbˈvə..s, əb-, ˈɑbˌvə..s]

n.

对应部分

对立面

钱币或奖章的正面

前面或上面

obverse

obverse
The obverse of an opinion, situation, or argument is its opposite. (FORMAL)

- The obverse of rising unemployment is continued gains in productivity.

N-SING: the N, oft N of n
= reverse

obviate

[D.J.:ˈɔbvi:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɑbviˌet]

vt.

避免,消除(贫困、不方便等)

obviate

obviate obviates obviating obviated
To obviate something such as a problem or a need means to remove it or make it unnecessary. (FORMAL)

- The use of a solicitor trained as a mediator would obviate the need for independent legal advice.

- This deferral would obviate pressure on the rouble exchange rate.

VB
= avert

obviate

verb

preclude

avert

prevent

remove

obvious

[D.J.:ˈɔbviəs]

[K.K.:ˈɑbviəs]

adj.

明显的; 显而易见的

obvious ****

1. obvious
If something is obvious , it is easy to see or understand.

- ...the need to rectify what is an obvious injustice...

- Determining how the Democratic challenger would conduct his presidency isn't quite so obvious.

ADJ-GRADED
= clear

2. obvious
If you describe something that someone says as obvious , you are being critical of it because you think it is unnecessary or shows lack of imagination.

- There are some very obvious phrases that we all know or certainly should know better than to use.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

3. obviousness
If you say that someone is stating the obvious , you mean that they are saying something that everyone already knows and understands.

- Francis smiled agreement, irritated by the obviousness of his answer.

- It may be stating the obvious, but most teleworking at present is connected with computers.

PHR: V inflects

obvious

adjective

evident

apparent

clear

conspicuous

distinct

indisputable

manifest

noticeable

plain

self-evident

undeniable

unmistakable

obviously

[D.J.:ˈɔbvɪəslɪ]

adv.

显然;明白地

obviously ****

1. obviously
You use obviously when you are stating something that you expect the person who is listening to know already.

- Obviously, they've had sponsorship from some big companies.

- There are obviously exceptions to this.

ADV: ADV with cl emphasis
= clearly

2. obviously
You use obviously to indicate that something is easily noticed, seen, or recognized.

- They obviously appreciate you very much.

- She's so obviously cleverer and prettier than I am.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group
= plainly

obviously

adverb

clearly

manifestly

of course

palpably

patently

plainly

undeniably

unmistakably

unquestionably

without doubt

occasion

[D.J.:əˈkeiʒən]

[K.K.:əˈkeʒən]

n.

时刻, 时候

机会, 时机

特殊场合; 庆典

原因, 理由

vt.

惹起, 引起

occasion ****

1. occasion occasions
An occasion is a time when something happens, or a case of it happening.

- I often think fondly of an occasion some years ago at Covent Garden.

- Mr Davis has been asked on a number of occasions.

N-COUNT

2. occasion occasions
An occasion is an important event, ceremony, or celebration.

- Taking her with me on official occasions has been a challenge.

- It will be a unique family occasion.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= function

3. occasion occasions
An occasion for doing something is an opportunity for doing it. (FORMAL)

- It is an occasion for all the family to celebrate.

- It is always an important occasion for setting out government policy.

N-COUNT: N for n/-ing
= opportunity

4. occasion occasions occasioning occasioned
To occasion something means to cause it. (FORMAL)

- He argued that the release of hostages should not occasion a change in policy.

VB

5. occasion
If you have occasion to do something, it is necessary for you to do it.

- We have had occasion to deal with members of the group on a variety of charges.

PHR: V inflects, PHR to-inf

6. occasion
If something happens on occasion , it happens sometimes, but not very often.

- He treated them seriously and, on occasion, entertained them hilariously.

- He translated not only from the French but also, on occasion, from the Polish.

PHR: N inflects, PHR with cl
= occasionally

7. occasion
If you say that someone rose to the occasion , you mean that they did what was necessary to successfully overcome a difficult situation.

- Inverness, however, rose to the occasion in the second half, producing some of the best football they have played for some time.

PHR: V inflects

occasion

noun

1.

time

chance

moment

opening

opportunity

window

2.

event

affair

celebration

experience

happening

occurrence

3.

reason

call

cause

excuse

ground(s)

justification

motive

prompting

provocation

verb

4.

cause

bring about

engender

generate

give rise to

induce

inspire

lead to

produce

prompt

provoke

occasional

[D.J.:əˈkeiʒənəl]

[K.K.:əˈkeʒənəl]

adj.

偶尔的, 不经常的

occasionally

[D.J.:əˈkeɪʒənəlɪ]

[K.K.:əˈkeʒənəlɪ]

adv.

偶尔,间或

occasional ***

1. occasional
Occasional means happening sometimes, but not regularly or often.

- I've had occasional mild headaches all my life.

- Esther used to visit him for the occasional days and weekends.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. occasionally

- He still misbehaves occasionally.

- I'll occasionally go to a local jazz evening with a friend.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group, ADV with v

occasional

adjective

infrequent

incidental

intermittent

irregular

odd

rare

sporadic

uncommon

occasionally

adverb

sometimes

at times

from time to time

irregularly

now and again

once in a while

periodically

occidental

[D.J.:ˌɔksɪˈdentl]

[K.K.:ˌɑksɪˈdɛntl..]

adj.

西方的,西洋的

occidentally

adv.

西方地;西洋地

occidentally

adv.

西方地,西方文化地

occidental *

occidental
Occidental means relating to the countries of Europe and America. (FORMAL)

- In some respects the African mind works rather differently from the occidental one.

ADJ: ADJ n
= western

occult

[D.J.:əˈkʌlt, ˈɔkˌʌlt]

[K.K.:əˈkʌlt, ˈɑkˌʌlt]

adj.

玄奥的;神秘的;隐秘的,秘密的

超自然的;有魔力的

occultly

adv.

隐藏地;不公开地;难以理解地

occultness

n.

秘密;玄妙

occult *

1. occult
The occult is the knowledge and study of supernatural or magical forces.

- However, interest in the occult tended more towards ceremonial magic rather than witchcraft.

- ...books dealing with the occult.

N-SING: the N

2. occult
Also an adjective.

- ...organisations which campaign against paganism and occult practice.

ADJ: ADJ n

occult

adjective

supernatural

arcane

esoteric

magical

mysterious

mystical

occultist

[ˈɔkəltist]

n.

神秘学者,术士

occultist

occultist occultists
An occultist is a person who believes in the supernatural and the power of magic.
N-COUNT

occupancy

[D.J.:ˈɔkjupənsi]

[K.K.:ˈɑkjəpənsi]

n.

占有, 使用, 居住

占有期, 占用期

occupancy *

occupancy
Occupancy is the act of using a room, building, or area of land, usually for a fixed period of time. (FORMAL)

- Hotel occupancy has been as low as 40%.

- Tour operators report low occupancy rates.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
= occupation

occupancy

noun

tenure

possession

residence

tenancy

use

occupant

[D.J.:ˈɔkjəpənt]

[K.K.:ˈɑkjəpənt]

n.

(房屋等的)居住者, 占有人

occupant *

1. occupant occupants
The occupants of a building or room are the people who live or work there.

- Most of the occupants had left before the fire broke out.

- The filing cabinets had all gone with the previous occupants.

N-COUNT
= occupier

2. occupant occupants
You can refer to the people who are in a place such as a room, vehicle, or bed at a particular time as the occupants .

- He wanted the occupants of the vehicle to get out.

- The lifeboat capsized, throwing the occupants into the water.

N-PLURAL

occupant

noun

inhabitant

incumbent

indweller

inmate

lessee

occupier

resident

tenant

occupation

[D.J.:ˌɔkjuˈpeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɑkjəˈpeʃən]

n.

工作; 职业

消遣

占领

occupation ***

1. occupation occupations
Your occupation is your job or profession.

- I suppose I was looking for an occupation which was going to be an adventure.

- Occupation: administrative assistant.

N-COUNT

2. occupation occupations
An occupation is something that you spend time doing, either for pleasure or because it needs to be done.

- Parachuting is a dangerous occupation.

N-COUNT
= pursuit

3. occupation
The occupation of a country happens when it is entered and controlled by a foreign army.

- Prii had become fluent in German during the Wehrmacht's occupation of Estonia in 1942.

- ...the deportation of Jews from Poland during the German occupation.

N-UNCOUNT
= invasion

4. occupation
The occupation of a building is the act or fact of someone living or working in it.

- ...people who sell their home and buy another one for their own occupation.

N-UNCOUNT
= occupancy

occupation

noun

1.

profession

business

calling

employment

job

line (of work)

pursuit

trade

vocation

walk of life

2.

possession

control

holding

occupancy

residence

tenancy

tenure

3.

invasion

conquest

seizure

subjugation

occupational

[D.J.:ˌɔkjəˈpeɪʃənəl]

[K.K.:ˌɑkjəˈpeʃənəl]

adj.

职业的,职业造成的

occupationally

adv.

职业引起地

occupational *

1. occupational
Occupational means relating to a person's job or profession.

- Some received substantial occupational assistance in the form of low-interest loans.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= job-related

2. occupationally

- You might be having an occupationally related skin problem.

ADV: usu ADV adj/-ed

occupational hazard

occupational hazard occupational hazards
An occupational hazard is something unpleasant that you may suffer or experience as a result of doing your job or hobby.

- Catching colds is unfortunately an occupational hazard in this profession.

N-COUNT

occupational therapist

occupational therapist occupational therapists
An occupational therapist is someone whose job involves helping people by means of occupational therapy.
N-COUNT

occupational therapy

occupational therapy
Occupational therapy is a method of helping people who have been ill or injured to develop skills or get skills back by giving them certain activities to do.

- She will now begin occupational therapy to regain the use of her hands.

N-UNCOUNT

occupier

[ˈɔkjupaiə]

n.

占有者, 占用者, 居住人

occupier *

occupier occupiers
The occupier of a house, flat, or piece of land is the person who lives or works there. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= occupant

See also owner-occupier. .

occupied

[D.J.:ˈɔkjʊpaɪd]

[K.K.: ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd]

adj.

已占用的;在使用的;无空闲的

occupy

[D.J.:ˈɔkjupai]

[K.K.:ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ]

vt.

占领; 占有

使从事; 使忙于

occupy ****

1. occupy occupies occupying occupied
The people who occupy a building or a place are the people who live or work there.

- There were over 40 tenants, all occupying one wing of the hospital.

- Land is, in most instances, purchased by those who occupy it.

VB
= inhabit

2. occupy occupied
If a room or something such as a seat is occupied , someone is using it, so that it is not available for anyone else.

- The hospital bed is no longer occupied by his wife.

- I saw three camp beds, two of which were occupied.

V-PASSIVE
≠ vacant

3. occupy occupies occupying occupied
If a group of people or an army occupies a place or country, they move into it, using force in order to gain control of it.

- U.S. forces now occupy a part of the country.

- Alexandretta had been occupied by the French in 1918 after the defeat of Turkey.

- ...the occupied territories.

VB

4. occupy occupies occupying occupied
If someone or something occupies a particular place in a system, process, or plan, they have that place.

- We occupy a quality position in the market place.

- Many men still occupy more positions of power than women.

VB
= hold

5. occupy occupies occupying occupied
If something occupies you, or if you occupy yourself, your time, or your mind with it, you are busy doing that thing or thinking about it.

- Her parliamentary career has occupied all of her time.

- He hurried to take the suitcases and occupy himself with packing the car.

- I would deserve to be pitied if I couldn't occupy myself.

VB

6. occupied

- Keep the brain occupied.

- I had forgotten all about it because I had been so occupied with other things.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n

7. occupy occupies occupying occupied
If something occupies you, it requires your efforts, attention, or time.

- I had other matters to occupy me, during the day at least.

- This challenge will occupy Europe for a generation or more.

VB

8. occupy occupies occupying occupied
If something occupies a particular area or place, it fills or covers it, or exists there.

- Even quite small aircraft occupy a lot of space.

- Bookshelves occupied most of the living room walls.

VB
= take up

9. occupy occupies occupying occupied
If something such as a journey occupies a particular period of time, it takes that amount of time to complete.

- She reached Karachi on Monday evening, the journey having occupied three days and nine hours.

VB
= last

occupied

adjective

1.

busy

employed

engaged

working

2.

in use

engaged

full

taken

unavailable

3.

inhabited

lived-in

peopled

settled

tenanted

occupy

verb

often passive 1.

take up

divert

employ

engage

engross

involve

monopolize

preoccupy

tie up

2.

live in

dwell in

inhabit

own

possess

reside in

3.

fill

cover

permeate

pervade

take up

4.

invade

capture

overrun

seize

take over

occur

[D.J.:əˈkə:]

[K.K.:əˈkɚ]

vi.

发生; 举行; 存在

被发现; 想到[起]

occurring

[əˈkə:riŋ]

n.

〈美口〉事变;事件;事故

occur ****

1. occur occurs occurring occurred
When something occurs , it happens.

- If headaches only occur at night, lack of fresh air and oxygen is often the cause.

- The crash occurred when the crew shut down the wrong engine.

- In March 1770, there occurred what became known as the Boston Massacre.

VB
= take place

2. occur occurs occurring occurred
When something occurs in a particular place, it exists or is present there.

- The cattle disease occurs more or less anywhere in Africa where the fly occurs.

- These snails do not occur on low-lying coral islands or atolls.

VB
= exist

3. occur occurs occurred
If a thought or idea occurs to you, you suddenly think of it or realize it.

- It did not occur to me to check my insurance policy.

- It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me.

- The same idea had occurred to Elizabeth.

VB: no passive, no cont

occur

verb

1.

happen

befall

come about

crop up informal

take place

turn up informal

2.

exist

appear

be found

be present

develop

manifest itself

show itself

occur to

3.

come to mind

cross one's mind

dawn on

enter one's head

spring to mind

strike one

suggest itself

occurrence

[D.J.:əˈkʌrəns]

[K.K.:əˈkɚrəns]

n.

发生, 出现

事件; 发生的事

occurrence *

1. occurrence occurrences
An occurrence is something that happens. (FORMAL)

- Complaints seemed to be an everyday occurrence.

- The food queues have become a daily occurrence across the country.

N-COUNT

2. occurrence occurrences
The occurrence of something is the fact that it happens or is present.

- The greatest occurrence of coronary heart disease is in those over 65.

N-COUNT: the N of n
= instance

occurrence

noun

1.

incident

adventure

affair

circumstance

episode

event

happening

instance

2.

existence

appearance

development

manifestation

materialization

ocean

[D.J.:ˈəuʃən]

[K.K.:ˈoʃən]

n.

洋, 海洋, 大海

(地球上划分出的)洋

ocean ***

1. ocean
The ocean is the sea.

- There were few sights as beautiful as the calm ocean on a warm night.

N-SING: the N

2. ocean oceans
An ocean is one of the five very large areas of sea on the Earth's surface.

- They spent many days cruising the northern Pacific Ocean.

- ...the Indian Ocean.

N-COUNT: with supp

3. ocean oceans
If you say that there is an ocean of something, you are emphasizing that there is a very large amount of it. (INFORMAL)

- I had cried oceans of tears.

- I've got oceans of loyal fans out there.

N-COUNT: N of n emphasis
= no end

4. ocean
If you say that something is a drop in the ocean , you mean that it is a very small amount which is unimportant compared to the cost of other things or is so small that it has very little effect on something.

- His fee is a drop in the ocean compared with the real cost of broadcasting.

PHR: usu v-link PHR emphasis

ocean-going

adj.

远洋航行的

ocean-going

ocean-going
Ocean-going ships are designed for travelling on the sea rather than on rivers, canals, or lakes.

- At the height of his shipping career he owned about 60 ocean-going vessels.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= seafaring

oceanic

[D.J.:ˌəuʃiˈænik]

[K.K.:ˌoʃiˈænɪk]

adj.

海洋的,海洋产出的,生活于海洋的

oceanic

oceanic
Oceanic means belonging or relating to an ocean or to the sea.

- Many oceanic islands are volcanic.

- ...oceanic plants.

ADJ: ADJ n

oceanographer

[D.J.:ˌəuʃəˈnɔgrəfə]

n.

海洋学家

oceanographic

[ˌəuʃiənəuˈɡræfik]

adj.

海洋学的,有关海洋学的

oceanography

[D.J.:ˌəʊʃəˈnɔgrəfi:]

[K.K.:ˌoʃəˈnɑɡrəfi]

n.

海洋学

oceanography

1. oceanography
Oceanography is the scientific study of sea currents, the sea bed, and the fish and animals that live in the sea.

- The latest techniques in oceanography are now available to many more scientists.

N-UNCOUNT

2. oceanographer oceanographers

- ...an oceanographer working on an environmental protection programme.

N-COUNT

3. oceanographic

- ...oceanographic research.

ADJ: ADJ n

och

[ɔx]

int.

啊!哦!

och

och
Och is used to express surprise at something, or to emphasize agreement or disagreement with what has just been said. (SCOTTISH, IRISH)

- `Och be quiet then,' Shawn said.

- Och aye. I always liked him.

CONVENTION
= O Oh

ochre

[D.J.:ˈəukə]

[K.K.:ˈokɚ]

n.

赭石,赭色

vt.

涂赭色于

ochre *

1. ochre
Something that is ochre is a yellowish orange colour.

- For our dining room I have chosen ochre yellow walls.

COLOUR also ocher .

2. ochre
Ochre is coloured earth, usually red or yellow, that is used to make dyes and paints.
N-UNCOUNT also ocher .

o'clock

[D.J.:əˈklɔk]

[K.K.:əˈklɑk]

adv.

…点钟

o'clock ***

o'clock
You use o'clock after numbers from one to twelve to say what time it is. For example, if you say that it is 9 o'clock, you mean that it is nine hours after midnight or nine hours after midday.

- The trouble began just after ten o'clock last night.

- I went to sleep, and at two o'clock in the morning I woke up.

ADV: num ADV

Oct

abbr.

October十月

Oct

abbr.

October十月

Oct.

abbr.

October 十月 octavo

Oct.

abbr.

October 十月 octavo

Oct. **

Oct.
Oct. is a written abbreviation for October .

- ...Tuesday Oct. 25th.

octagon

[D.J.:ˈɔktəˌgɔn]

[K.K.:ˈɑktəˌɡɑn]

n.

<几>八边形,八角形

octagon

octagon octagons
An octagon is a shape that has eight straight sides.
N-COUNT

octagonal

[D.J.:ɔkˈtægənəl]

[K.K.:ɑkˈtæɡənəl]

adj.

八边形的

octagonal

octagonal
Something that is octagonal has eight straight sides.

- ...a white octagonal box...

- The room was octagonal.

ADJ

octane

[D.J.:ˈɔktein]

[K.K.:ˈɑkˌten]

n.

辛烷

octane

octane
Octane is a chemical substance that exists in petrol or gasoline and that is used to measure the quality of the fuel.

- Your engine can run happily on 76 octane petrol.

- ...high octane fuel for cars.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
See also high-octane .

octave

[D.J.:ˈɔktɪv, -ˌteɪv]

[K.K.:ˈɑktɪv, -ˌtev]

n.

<音>八度音;八度音阶;高八度音, 低八度音;八度和音

octave

octave octaves
An octave is the difference in pitch between the first note and the eighth note of a musical scale, for example from A to A.
N-COUNT

octet

[D.J.:ɔkˈtet]

[K.K.:ɑkˈtɛt]

n.

八位位组,八位字节

octet

octet octets
An octet is a group of eight singers or musicians.

- ...the Stan Tracey Octet.

N-COUNT: oft in names

October

[D.J.:ɔkˈtəubə]

[K.K.:ɑkˈtobɚ]

n.

十月

October *****

October Octobers
October is the tenth month of the year in the Western calendar.

- Most seasonal hiring is done in early October.

- The first plane is due to leave on October 2.

- My grandson has been away since last October.

N-VAR

octogenarian

[D.J.:ˌɔktədʒəˈneəri:ən]

[K.K.:ˌɑktədʒəˈnɛriən]

n.

80到89岁的人

octogenarian

octogenarian octogenarians
An octogenarian is a person who is between eighty and eighty-nine years old.
N-COUNT

octopus

[D.J.:ˈɔktəpəs]

[K.K.:ˈɑktəpəs]

n.

章鱼

octopus

1. octopus octopuses
An octopus is a soft sea creature with eight long arms called tentacles which it uses to catch food.
N-VAR

2. octopus
Octopus is this creature eaten as food.
N-UNCOUNT

ocular

[D.J.:ˈɔkjələ]

[K.K.:ˈɑkjəlɚ]

adj.

眼睛的,适于眼睛的,用眼的

视觉的

n.

目镜

ocular

ocular
Ocular means relating to the eyes or the ability to see. (MEDICAL)

- Other ocular signs include involuntary rhythmic movement of the eyeball.

ADJ: ADJ n

OD

[D.J.:ˈəʊˈdi:]

[K.K.:ˈoˈdi]

n.

过量毒品

OD

1. OD OD's OD'ing OD'd
To OD means the same as to overdose . (INFORMAL)

- His son was a junkie, the kid OD'd a year ago.

VB

2. OD OD's
Also a noun.

- `I had a friend died of an OD,' she said.

N-COUNT

odd

[D.J.:ɔd]

[K.K.:ɑd]

adj.

奇怪的; 古怪的

单的

奇数的

临时的

余下的; 零头的

oddly

[D.J.:ˈɔdlɪ]

adv.

奇怪地, 古怪地

oddness

[ˈɔdnis]

n.

奇怪,奇妙

odd ****

1. odd odder oddest
If you describe someone or something as odd , you think that they are strange or unusual.

- He'd always been odd, but not to this extent.

- What an odd coincidence that he should have known your family.

- Something odd began to happen.

ADJ-GRADED
= peculiar queer

See also odd-looking .

2. oddly

- ...an oddly shaped hill...

- His own boss was behaving rather oddly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. oddness

- Perhaps it was that very oddness that attracted me to Glen's music.

N-UNCOUNT
= strangeness

4. odd
You use odd before a noun to indicate that you are not mentioning the type, size, or quality of something because it is not important.

- ...moving from place to place where she could find the odd bit of work...

- He had various odd cleaning jobs around the place.

- I knew that Alan liked the odd drink.

ADJ: det ADJ
= occasional

5. odd
You use odd after a number to indicate that it is only approximate. (INFORMAL)

- How many pages was it, 500 odd?.

- He has now appeared in sixty odd films.

- `How long have you lived here?' --- `Twenty odd years.'

ADV: num ADV

6. odd
Odd numbers, such as 3 and 17, are those which cannot be divided exactly by the number two.

- The odd numbers are on the left as you walk up the street.

- There's an odd number of candidates.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ even

7. odd
You say that two things are odd when they do not belong to the same set or pair.

- I'm wearing odd socks today by the way.

ADJ
≠ matching

8. odd
The odd man out , the odd woman out , or the odd one out in a particular situation is a person who is different from the other people in it.

- Azerbaijan has been the odd man out, the one republic not to hold democratic elections.

- Mark and Rick were the odd ones out in claiming to like this cherry beer.

PHR: N inflects, usu v-link PHR

oddly *

oddly
You use oddly to indicate that what you are saying is true, but that it is not what you expected.

- He said no and seemed oddly reluctant to talk about it.

- Oddly, Emma says she never considered her face was attractive.

- There were, oddly, few other Britons living in this northern part.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with cl
= strangely

See also odd .

odd

adjective

1.

unusual

bizarre

extraordinary

freakish

irregular

peculiar

rare

remarkable

singular

strange

2.

occasional

casual

incidental

irregular

periodic

random

sundry

various

3.

spare

leftover

remaining

solitary

surplus

unmatched

unpaired

oddball

[D.J.:ˈɔdbɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈɑdˌbɔl]

adj.

古怪的

n.

古怪的人

oddball

1. oddball oddballs
If you refer to someone as an oddball , you think they behave in a strange way. (INFORMAL)

- His mother and father thought Jim was a bit of an oddball too.

N-COUNT
= eccentric

2. oddball
Also an adjective.

- I came from a family that was decidedly oddball you know.

ADJ-GRADED
= peculiar

oddity

[D.J.:ˈɔdɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈɑdɪti]

n.

奇特,古怪

怪人,怪事,怪异的事物

oddity *

1. oddity oddities
An oddity is someone or something that is very strange.

- Losing my hair made me feel an oddity.

- Carlson noticed another oddity; his plant had bloomed twice.

N-COUNT
= curiosity

2. oddity oddities
The oddity of something is the fact that it is very strange.

- ...the oddities of the Welsh legal system.

N-COUNT: usu the N of n
= peculiarity

oddity

noun

1.

irregularity

abnormality

anomaly

eccentricity

freak

idiosyncrasy

peculiarity

quirk

2.

misfit

crank informal

maverick

oddball informal

odd-job man

odd-job man odd-job men
An odd-job man is a man who is paid to do various jobs such as cleaning or repairing things, usually in someone's home.
N-COUNT

odd-looking

odd-looking
If you describe someone or something as odd-looking , you think that they look strange or unusual.

- They were an odd-looking couple.

- One of the waitresses arrived with a very odd-looking dish.

ADJ-GRADED

oddment

[D.J.:ˈɔdmənt]

[K.K.:ˈɑdmənt]

n.

碎屑

oddments

[D.J.:ˈ ɔdmənts]

[K.K.:ˈ ɑdmənts]

n.

零头;碎屑

oddment

oddment oddments
Oddments are unimportant objects of any kind, usually ones that are old or left over from a larger group of things.

- ...searching street markets for interesting jewellery and oddments.

N-COUNT
= bit scrap

oddment

noun

leftover

bit

fag end

fragment

off cut

remnant

scrap

snippet

odds

[D.J.:ɔdz]

[K.K.:ɑdz]

n.

可能性, 机会

odds **

1. odds
You refer to how likely something is to happen as the odds that it will happen.

- What are the odds of finding a parking space right outside the door?.

- The odds are that you are going to fail.

N-PLURAL: usu the N
= chances

See also odds-on .

2. odds
In betting, odds are expressions with numbers such as `10 to 1' and `7 to 2' that show how likely something is thought to be, for example how likely a particular horse is to lose or win a race.

- Gavin Jones, who put £25 on Eugene, at odds of 50 to 1, has won £1,250.

N-PLURAL

3. odds
If someone is at odds with someone else, or if two people are at odds , they are disagreeing or quarrelling with each other.

- He was at odds with his Prime Minister.

- An adviser said there was no reason why the two countries should remain at odds.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft PHR with n

4. odds
If you say that the odds are against something or someone, you mean that they are unlikely to succeed.

- He reckoned the odds are against the scheme going ahead.

- I'm sorry. I just feel as if the odds are stacked up against me.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

5. odds
If something happens against all odds , it happens or succeeds although it seemed impossible or very unlikely.

- Some women do manage to achieve business success against all odds.

- Finally, late in life and against considerable odds, she became a nun.

PHR: PHR with cl

6. odds
If you say that the odds are in someone's favour , you mean that they are likely to succeed in what they are doing.

- His troops will only engage in a ground battle when all the odds are in their favour.

PHR: V inflects

7. odds
To shorten the odds on something happening means to make it more likely to happen. To lengthen the odds means to make it less likely to happen. You can also say that the odds shorten or lengthen .

- His reception there shortened the odds that he might be the next Tory leader.

PHR-ERG: V inflects

odds

plural noun

1.

probability

chances

likelihood

at odds

2.

in conflict

at daggers drawn

at loggerheads

at sixes and sevens

at variance

out of line

odds and ends

odds and ends
You can refer to a disorganized group of things of various kinds as odds and ends . (INFORMAL)

- She put in some clothes, odds and ends, and make-up.

- He sweeps up and does a few odds and ends.

N-PLURAL
= bits and pieces

odds and ends

plural noun

scraps

bits

bits and pieces

debris

oddments

remnants

odds-on

n.

胜算,胜利的成分

adj.

有一半以上的胜算的

odds-on *

odds-on
If there is an odds-on chance that something will happen, it is very likely that it will happen. (INFORMAL)

- Gerald was no longer the odds-on favourite to win the contest.

- It was odds-on that there was no killer.

ADJ also odds on .

ode

[D.J.:əʊd]

[K.K.:od]

n.

颂诗;颂歌

ode

ode odes
An ode is a poem that is usually written in praise of a particular person, thing, or event.

- ...Keats' Ode to a Nightingale.

N-COUNT

odious

[D.J.:ˈəʊdi:əs]

[K.K.:ˈodiəs]

adj.

可憎的;讨厌的;令人作呕的

odiously

adv.

令人作呕地

odiousness

n.

可憎,讨厌

odiously

adv.

讨厌地,可恨地

odiousness

n.

讨厌,可恨

odious

odious
If you describe people or things as odious , you think that they are extremely unpleasant.

- Herr Schmidt is certainly the most odious man I have ever met.

- The judge described the crime as odious.

ADJ-GRADED

odious

adjective

offensive

detestable

horrid

loathsome

obnoxious

repulsive

revolting

unpleasant

odium

[D.J.:ˈəʊdi:əm]

[K.K.:ˈodiəm]

n.

憎恨,厌恶

odium

odium
Odium is the dislike, disapproval, or hatred that people feel for a particular person, usually because of something that the person has done. (FORMAL)

- The complainant has been exposed to public odium, scandal and contempt.

N-UNCOUNT
= abhorrence

odometer

[D.J.:əʊˈdɔmɪtə]

[K.K.:oˈdɑmɪtɚ]

n.

里程计

odometer

odometer odometers
An odometer is a device in a vehicle which shows how far the vehicle has travelled. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

odour

[D.J.:ˈəudə]

[K.K.:ˈodɚ]

n.

气味; 臭气

odour *

odour odours
An odour is a particular and distinctive smell.

- The whole herb has a characteristic taste and odour.

- The taste is only slightly bitter, and there is little odour.

N-VAR (AM) odor
= aroma scent

See also body odour .

odour

noun

smell

aroma

bouquet

essence

fragrance

perfume

redolence

scent

stench

stink

odourless

[D.J.:ˈəʊdəlɪs]

[K.K.: ˈodɚlɪs]

adj.

没有气味的,无臭的

odourless

odourless
An odourless substance has no smell.

- ...a completely odourless, colourless, transparent liquid...

- The gases are odourless.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) odorless

odyssey

[D.J.:ˈɔdɪsi:]

[K.K.:ˈɑdɪsi]

n.

长途的冒险行程

odyssey *

odyssey odysseys
An odyssey is a long exciting journey on which a lot of things happen. (LITERARY)

- The march to Travnik was the final stretch of a 16-hour odyssey.

N-COUNT

odyssey

noun

journey

crusade

pilgrimage

quest

trek

voyage

Oedipus complex

Oedipus complex
If a boy or man has an Oedipus complex , he feels sexual desire for his mother and has hostile feelings towards his father.
N-SING

o'er

[D.J.:ɔ:]

[K.K.:ɔr, or]

adv.，prep.

〈古〉=over

o'er

o'er
O'er means the same as `over'. (OLD-FASHIONED, LITERARY)

- As long as mist hangs o'er the mountains, The deeds of the brave will be remembered.

PREP
= over

oesophagus

[D.J.:aɪˈsɔfəgəs]

[K.K.:aɪˈsɑfəɡəs]

n.

食管,食道

oesophagus

oesophagus oesophaguses
Your oesophagus is the part of your body that carries the food from the throat to the stomach.
N-COUNT (AM) esophagus
= gullet

oestrogen

[D.J.:ˈi:strədʒən]

[K.K.:ˈɛstrədʒən]

n.

雌激素

oestrogen *

oestrogen
Oestrogen is a hormone produced in the ovaries of female animals. Oestrogen controls the reproductive cycle and prepares the body for pregnancy.

- As ovulation gets nearer, oestrogen levels rise.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) estrogen

of

[D.J.:ɔv, əv, v, f]

[K.K.:ʌv, ɑv,əv]

prep.

(表示时间)在…的, 在…之前; 在…期间

(表示方式)根据

(表示对象)对于, 就…而言

(表示原因)由于, 因为

(表示方位)在; 位于

(表示范围)在…之中

(表示结果)在…方面

(表示目的)用于…的

(表示否定)缺乏, 没有

of *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, of is used after some verbs, nouns, and adjectives in order to introduce extra information. Of is also used in phrasal prepositions such as `because of', `instead of' and `in spite of', and in phrasal verbs such as `make of' and `dispose of'.)

1. of
You use of to combine two nouns when the first noun identifies the feature of the second noun that you want to talk about.

- The average age of the women interviewed was only 21.5.

- ...the population of this town...

- The aim of the course is to help students to comprehend the structure of contemporary political and social systems.

PREP: n PREP n

2. of
You use of to combine two nouns, or a noun and a present participle, when the second noun or present participle defines or gives more information about the first noun.

- Would you say what you felt was a feeling of betrayal?.

- She let out a little cry of pain.

- ...the problem of a national shortage of teachers.

- ...an idealized but hazy notion of world socialism.

- ...the recession of 1974-75...

- This has been a good chance of meeting up with everyone again.

PREP: n PREP n/-ing

3. of
You use of after nouns referring to actions to specify the person or thing that is affected by the action or that performs the action. For example, `the kidnapping of the child' refers to an action affecting a child; `the arrival of the next train' refers to an action performed by a train.

- ...the reduction of trade union power inside the party.

- ...the assessment of future senior managers.

- ...the death of their father.

- ...the Marriage of Figaro.

PREP: n PREP n

4. of
You use of after words and phrases referring to quantities or groups of things to indicate the substance or thing that is being measured.

- ...7.6 litres of pure alcohol.

- ...a few kilometres of new roads.

- ...dozens of people.

- ...billions of dollars.

- ...groups of protestors.

- ...a collection of short stories...

- A flock of birds flew towards us slowly from far away.

PREP: quant PREP n, n PREP n

5. of
You use of after the name of someone or something to introduce the institution or place they belong to or are connected with.

- ...the Prince of Wales.

- ...the Finance Minister of Bangladesh.

- ...the superb rock-hewn Cave Temples of Badami.

PREP: n PREP n

6. of
You use of after a noun referring to a container to form an expression referring to the container and its contents.

- We could all do with a cup of tea.

- Conder opened another bottle of wine.

- Marta drank a glass of juice.

- ...a box of tissues.

- ...a packet of cigarettes.

- ...a roomful of people.

PREP: n PREP n

7. of
You use of after a count noun and before an uncount noun when you want to talk about an individual piece or item.

- ...a blade of grass...

- Marina ate only one slice of bread.

- With a stick of chalk he wrote her order on a blackboard.

PREP: n PREP n

8. of
You use of to indicate the materials or things that form something.

- ...local decorations of wood and straw.

- ...loose-fitting garments of linen.

- ...a mixture of paint-thinner and petrol.

PREP: n PREP n

9. of
You use of after a noun which specifies a particular part of something, to introduce the thing that it is a part of.

- ...the other side of the square...

- We had almost reached the end of the street.

- ...the beginning of the year...

- Edward disappeared around 9.30pm on the 23rd of July.

- ...the core of the problem.

PREP: n PREP n

10. of
You use of after some verbs to indicate someone or something else involved in the action.

- He'd been dreaming of her.

- Listen, I shall be thinking of you always.

- Her parents did not approve of her decision.

- The Americans cannot accuse him of ignoring the problem.

- The elderly relative had died of old age.

PREP: v PREP n/-ing, v n PREP n/-ing

11. of
You use of after some adjectives to indicate the thing that a feeling or quality relates to.

- I have grown very fond of Alec.

- His father was quite naturally very proud of him.

- I think everyone was scared of her.

- She would be guilty of betraying her own mother.

PREP: adj PREP n/-ing

12. of
You use of before a word referring to the person who performed an action when saying what you think about the action.

- This has been so nice, so terribly kind of you.

- I suppose it's stupid of us not to be able to make up our own minds.

- That's certainly very generous of you Tony.

PREP: adj PREP pron/n-proper

13. of
You use of after a noun which describes someone or something, to introduce the person or thing you are talking about.

- ...an awkward, slow-moving giant of a man.

PREP: a n PREP a n

14. of
If something is more of or less of a particular thing, it is that thing to a greater or smaller degree.

- Your extra fat may be more of a health risk than you realize.

- As time goes by, sleeping becomes less of a problem.

PREP: more/less PREP a n

15. of
You use of to indicate a characteristic or quality that someone or something has.

- ...the worth of their music.

- ...the creaminess of her skin...

- She is a woman of enviable beauty.

- ...a matter of overwhelming importance...

- The new deal was considered to be the most generous of its kind.

PREP: n PREP n, adj-superl PREP n

16. of
You use of after the verb `be' to indicate a characteristic or quality that someone or something has. (FORMAL)

- The crisis faced over the next few months is of an entirely different scale.

- Both world wars were of unquestionable importance as economic events.

PREP: be PREP n

17. of
You use of to specify an amount, value, or age.

- Last Thursday, Nick announced record revenues of $3.4 billion.

- He has been sentenced to a total of 21 years in prison since 1973.

- The last figures so far this year indicate a rise of 13.8%.

- ...young people under the age of 16 years...

- I feel like a girl of 18.

PREP: n PREP amount

18. of
You use of after a noun such as `month' or `year' to indicate the length of time that some state or activity continues.

- ...eight bruising years of war...

- The project has gone through nearly a dozen years of planning.

PREP: n PREP n/-ing

19. of
You can use of to say what time it is by indicating how many minutes there are before the hour mentioned. (AM)

- At about a quarter of eight in the evening Joe Urber calls.

- We got to the beach at five of one in the afternoon.

PREP

of course *****

1. of course
You say of course to suggest that something is normal, obvious, or well-known, and should therefore not surprise the person you are talking to. (SPOKEN)

- Of course there were lots of other interesting things at the exhibition.

- `I have read about you in the newspapers of course,' Charlie said.

- The only honest answer is, of course, yes.

ADV: ADV with cl
= naturally

2. of course
You use of course as a polite way of giving permission. (SPOKEN)

- `Can I just say something about the cup game on Saturday?' --- `Yes of course you can.'.

- `Could I see these documents?' --- `Of course.'

CONVENTION formulae

3. of course
You use of course in order to emphasize a statement that you are making, especially when you are agreeing or disagreeing with someone. (SPOKEN)

- `I expect you're right.' --- `Of course I'm right.'.

- Of course I'm not afraid!.

- `You will strictly observe your diet: no wine or spirits, very little meat.' --- `Of course.'.

- `She doesn't have to know how things work.' --- `Of course she does.'

ADV: ADV with cl, ADV as reply emphasis

4. of course
Of course not is an emphatic way of saying no. (SPOKEN)

- `You're not really seriously considering this thing, are you?' --- `No, of course not.'.

- `I'd like to talk to the lads if you don't mind.' --- `Of course not, Chief.'

CONVENTION emphasis

off

[D.J.:ɔf]

[K.K.:ɔf, ɑf]

prep.

(表示位置)在…的外面, 在…的沿海

(表示时间)在…之前

(表示方向)从…, 通向, 偏离, 从…离开

(表示比较)低于, 不及

(表示否定)不想, 不做

(表示来源)从…

(表示依附)依靠

adv.

离开

脱落

断开

光, 完

休息

adj.

休息的; 闲散的; 安静的

不新鲜的

off *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, off is used after some verbs and nouns in order to introduce extra information. Off is also used in phrasal verbs such as `get off', `pair off', and `sleep off'.)

1. off
If something is taken off something else or moves off it, it is no longer touching that thing.

- He took his feet off the desk.

- I took the key for the room off a rack above her head.

- Hugh wiped the rest of the blood off his face with his handkerchief.

PREP
= from

2. off
Also an adverb.

- Lee broke off a small piece of orange and held it out to him.

- His exhaust fell off six laps from the finish.

ADV: ADV after v

3. off
When you get off a bus, train, or plane, you come out of it or leave it after you have been travelling on it.

- Don't try to get on or off a moving train!.

- As he stepped off the aeroplane, he was shot dead.

PREP
≠ on

4. off
Also an adverb.

- At the next stop the man got off too and introduced himself.

ADV: ADV after v

5. off
If you keep off a street or piece of land, you do not step on it or go there.

- Locking up men does nothing more than keep them off the streets.

- The local police had warned visitors to keep off the beach at night.

PREP

6. off
Also an adverb.

- ...a sign saying `Keep Off'.

ADV

7. off
If something is situated off a place such as a coast, room, or road, it is near to it or next to it, but not exactly in it.

- The boat was anchored off the northern coast of the peninsula.

- Lily lives in a penthouse just off Park Avenue.

- The Princess's sitting-room leads off the drawing room.

- Tiny secluded beaches can be found off the beaten track.

PREP

8. off
If you go off , you leave a place.

- He was just about to drive off when the secretary came running out.

- She gave a hurried wave and set off across the grass.

- She was off again. Last year she had been to Kenya. This year it was Goa.

- When his master's off traveling, Caleb stays with Pierre's parents.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, oft ADV -ing

9. off
Off is used in a number of informal and sometimes offensive phrasal verbs, such as buzz off , clear off , or in British English bugger off , which are used to tell someone angrily to go away.
ADV: ADV after v

10. off
When you take off clothing or jewellery that you are wearing, you remove it from your body.

- He took off his spectacles and rubbed frantically at the lens.

- He hastily stripped off his old uniform and began pulling on the new one.

ADV: ADV after v

11. off
If you have time off or a particular day off, you do not go to work or school, for example because you are ill or it is a day when you do not usually work.

- The rest of the men had the day off.

- You can even snatch a few hours off, and perhaps negotiate the occasional night off too.

- She was sacked for demanding Saturdays off.

- I'm off tomorrow.

- The average Swede was off sick 27 days last year.

ADV: usu n ADV, also be ADV

12. off
Also a preposition.

- He could not get time off work to go on holiday.

PREP

13. off
If you keep off a subject, you deliberately avoid talking about it.

- Keep off the subject of politics.

- Keep the conversation off linguistic matters.

PREP
= away from

14. off
If something such as an agreement or a sporting event is off , it is cancelled.

- Until Pointon is completely happy, however, the deal's off.

- The vacant W.B.C. junior-lightweight title has been called off.

- Greenpeace refused to call off the event.

ADV: be ADV, ADV after v
= cancelled

15. off
If someone is off something harmful such as a drug, they have stopped taking or using it.

- She felt better and the psychiatrist took her off drug therapy.

- Most pregnant women remain off cigarettes while carrying the child.

PREP

16. off
If you are off something, you have stopped liking it.

- I'm off coffee at the moment.

- Diarrhoea can make you feel weak, as well as putting you off your food.

PREP

17. off
When something such as a machine or electric light is off , it is not functioning or in use. When you switch it off , you stop it functioning.

- As he pulled into the driveway, he saw her bedroom light was off.

- We used sail power and turned the engine off to save our fuel.

- The microphones had been switched off.

ADV: be ADV, ADV after v
≠ on

18. off
If there is money off something, its price is reduced by the amount specified.

- ...Simons Leatherwear, 37 Old Christchurch Road. 20 per cent off all jackets this Saturday.

- ...discounts offering thousands of pounds off the normal price of a car.

PREP: amount PREP n

19. off
Also an adverb.

- I'm prepared to knock five hundred pounds off but no more.

ADV: ADV after v, v-link ADV, amount ADV

20. off
If something is a long way off , it is a long distance away from you.

- Florida was a long way off.

- ...animals that from a long way off look like flies...

- Below you, though still 50 miles off, is the most treeless stretch of land imaginable.

ADV: n/amount ADV
= away

21. off
If something is a long time off , it will not happen for a long time.

- An end to the crisis seems a long way off.

- The required technology is probably still two years off.

ADV: n/amount ADV

22. off
If you get something off someone, you obtain it from them. (SPOKEN)

- I don't really get a lot of information, and if I do I get it off Mark.

- I can't find the boys' shampoo. I can't think where I put it when I took it off them.

- `Telmex' was bought off the government by a group of investors.

PREP
= from

23. off
Off combines with adverbs such as `well', `badly', and `worse' to form adjectives that indicate how poor or rich someone is.

- Most of these people aren't very well off.

- Surely you can't be that badly off?.

- He's very comfortably off.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

24. off
If food has gone off , it tastes and smells bad because it is no longer fresh enough to be eaten. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use spoiled or bad )

- Food can be something of a problem. It goes off, and when it's gone off it smells.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= bad

25. off
If you live off a particular kind of food, you eat it in order to live. If you live off a particular source of money, you use it to live.

- Her husband's memories are of living off roast chicken and drinking whisky.

- Antony had been living off the sale of his own paintings.

PREP: v PREP n
= on

26. off
If a machine runs off a particular kind of fuel or power, it uses that power in order to function.

- The Auto Compact Disc Cleaner can run off batteries or mains.

PREP: v PREP n

27. off
If you say that someone's behaviour is a bit off , you mean that you find it unacceptable or wrong. (INFORMAL)

- ...coming home with make-up all over his clothes -- it's a bit off isn't it...

- Some of the dialogue is slightly off.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link adv ADJ

28. off
If something happens on and off , or off and on , it happens occasionally, or only for part of a period of time, not in a regular or continuous way.

- I was still working on and off as a waitress to support myself.

- We lived together, off and on, for two years.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR with cl
= now and again

off

adverb

1.

away

apart

aside

elsewhere

out

adjective

2.

unavailable

cancelled

finished

gone

postponed

3.

bad

mouldy

rancid

rotten

sour

turned

off-air

1. off-air
In radio or television, when a programme goes off-air or when something happens off-air , it is not broadcast.

- When I get off air around 2am my neck and shoulders are locked with tension.

- The argument continued off air.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV also off air .

2. off-air
Also an adjective.

- ...a special off-air advice line.

ADJ: ADJ n also off air .

offal

[D.J.:ˈɔfəl]

[K.K.:ˈɔfəl, ˈɑfəl]

n.

碎屑,残渣,废弃物,垃圾,(猪、牛、羊等屠宰后的)头,尾,下水

offal

offal
Offal is the internal organs of animals, for example their hearts and livers, when they are cooked and eaten.
N-UNCOUNT

off-balance

adj.，adv.

不平衡的[地]

off-balance *

1. off-balance
If someone or something is off-balance , they can easily fall or be knocked over because they are not standing firmly.

- He tried to use his own weight to push his attacker off but he was off balance.

- The lunge had thrown him off-balance and he spun, trying to regain his centre of gravity.

ADJ-GRADED: v n ADJ, v-link ADJ also off balance .

2. off-balance
If someone is caught off-balance , they are extremely surprised or upset by a particular event or piece of news they are not expecting.

- Mullins knocked me off-balance with his abrupt change of subject.

- The government was thrown off-balance by the attempted coup.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v n ADJ also off balance .

off-beam

off-beam
If you describe something or someone as off-beam , you mean that they are wrong or inaccurate. (INFORMAL)

- Everything she says is a little off beam.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ also off beam .

offbeat

[D.J.:ˌɔfˈbi:t]

[K.K.:ˈɔfˌbit, ˈɑf-]

adj.

不寻常的; 非传统的; 不落俗套的

offbeat

offbeat
If you describe something or someone as offbeat , you think that they are different from normal.

- She adores old, offbeat antiques.

- ...a wickedly offbeat imagination.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also off-beat .
= unorthodox

offbeat

adjective

unusual

eccentric

left-field informal

novel

outr´e

strange

unconventional

unorthodox

way-out informal

off-Broadway

[D.J.:ˈɔfbrɔ:dwei]

[K.K.:ˈɔfˈbrɔdˌwe, ˈɑf-]

n.

非百老汇戏剧界

off-Broadway

1. off-Broadway
An off-Broadway theatre is located close to Broadway, the main theatre district in New York.

- ...the city's most famous off-Broadway theater.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. off-Broadway
An off-Broadway play is less commercial and often more unusual than those usually staged on Broadway.

- ...adapted from the off-Broadway stage show of the same name.

ADJ: ADJ n

off-centre

1. off-centre
If something is off-centre , it is not exactly in the middle of a space or surface.

- The pedals seem a bit off-centre and the clutch is rather stiff.

- If the blocks are placed off-centre, they will fall down.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ (AM) off-center

2. off-centre
If you describe someone or something as off-centre , you mean that they are less conventional than other people or things.

- Davies's writing is far too off-centre to be commercial.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ (AM) off-center
= unorthodox

off-chance

n.

极小的,极罕见的机会

off-chance

off-chance
If you do something on the off-chance , you do it because you hope that it will succeed, although you think that this is unlikely.

- He had taken a flight to Paris on the off-chance that he might be able to meet Francesca.

- ...an American visitor who had turned up on the off-chance of catching a glimpse of the princess.

PHR: PHR after v, oft PHR that, PHR of n/-ing also offchance .

off-colour

[D.J.:ˈɔ:fˈkʌlə, ˈɔf-]

[K.K.:ˈɔfˈkʌlɚ, ˈɑf-]

adj.

颜色不佳的,脸色不好的

off-colour

1. off-colour
If you say that you are feeling off-colour , you mean that you are slightly ill. (BRIT)

- For three weeks Maurice felt off-colour but did not have any dramatic symptoms.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ (AM) off-color
= out of sorts

2. off-colour
If you say that someone's performance is off-colour , you mean that they are not performing as well as they usually do. (BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- Milan looked off-colour but eventually took the lead in the 82nd minute.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) off-color

3. off-colour
An off-colour joke or remark is rather rude or offensive.

- He denies making off-color remarks about women.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) off-color
= rude

off day

off day off days
If someone, especially an athlete, has an off day , they do not perform as well as usual. (INFORMAL)

- Whittingham, the League's top scorer, had an off day, missing three good chances.

N-COUNT also off-day .

off-duty

[D.J.:ˈɔfˈdju:ti,ˈɔ:fˈdju:ti]

[K.K.:ˈɔfˈduti, -ˈdju-, ˈɑf-]

adj.

不当班的,下班的

off-duty *

off-duty
When someone such as a soldier or policeman is off-duty , they are not working.

- The place is the haunt of off-duty policemen.

ADJ also off duty .
≠ on duty

offence

[D.J.:əˈfens]

[K.K.:əˈfɛns]

n.

犯规; 违法行为; 罪行

冒犯; 无礼

讨厌[不愉快]的事物

offence ***

1. offence offences
An offence is a crime that breaks a particular law and requires a particular punishment.

- Thirteen people have been charged with treason -- an offence which can carry the death penalty.

- In Britain the Consumer Protection Act makes it a criminal offence to sell goods that are unsafe.

N-COUNT The spelling offense is used in American English.

2. offence offences
Offence or an offence is behaviour which causes people to be upset or embarrassed.

- The book might be published without creating offense.

- Privilege determined by birth is an offence to any modern sense of justice.

N-VAR The spelling offense is used in American English.
= outrage

3. offence
In sports such as American football or basketball, the offense is the team which has possession of the ball and is trying to score. (AM)

- Between plays the coach was talking to the offense in the huddle.

N-SING: the N The spelling offense is used in American English.

4. offence
If you cause offence or give offence to someone, you say or do something rude which upsets or embarrasses them.

- It says the photograph is likely cause distress and offence to the public.

- We have had our differences and I'm sorry if it has caused offence.

PHR: V inflects The spelling offense is used in American English.

5. offence
Some people say ` no offence ' to make it clear that they do not want to upset you, although what they are saying may seem rather rude.

- Dad, you need a bath. No offence.

CONVENTION The spelling offense is used in American English. formulae

6. offence
If someone takes offence at something you say or do, they feel upset, often unnecessarily, because they think you are being rude to them.

- She never takes offence at anything.

- Never had she seen him so tense, so quick to take offence as he had been in recent weeks.

PHR: V inflects The spelling offense is used in American English.

offence

noun

1.

crime

fault

misdeed

misdemeanour

sin

transgression

trespass

wrongdoing

2.

snub

affront

hurt

indignity

injustice

insult

outrage

slight

3.

annoyance

anger

displeasure

indignation

pique

resentment

umbrage

wrath

offend

[D.J.:əˈfend]

[K.K.:əˈfɛnd]

vt.

触怒; 冒犯

使反感

vi.

犯规, 触犯

offending

adj.

不愉快的,厌恶的

offend **

1. offend offends offending offended
If you offend someone, you say or do something rude which upsets or embarrasses them.

- He apologizes for his comments and says he had no intention of offending the community.

- The survey found almost 90 percent of people were offended by strong swearwords.

- Television censors are cutting out scenes which they claim may offend.

VB
= insult upset

2. offended

- She is terribly offended, angered and hurt by this.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

3. offend offends offending offended
To offend against a law, rule, or principle means to break it. (FORMAL)

- This bill offends against good sense and against justice.

- In showing contempt for the heavyweight championship Douglas offended a stern code.

VB

4. offend offends offended
If someone offends , they commit a crime. (FORMAL)

- In Western countries girls are far less likely to offend than boys.

VB: no cont
= break the law

offending *

1. offending
You can use offending to describe something that is causing a problem that needs to be dealt with.

- The book was withdrawn for the offending passages to be deleted.

- The dentist commenced to dig, drill and finally fill the offending tooth.

ADJ-GRADED: the ADJ n

2. offending
Offending is the act of committing a crime.

- Ms Mann is working with young offenders and trying to break cycles of offending.

N-UNCOUNT

offend

verb

insult

affront

annoy

displease

hurt (someone's) feelings

outrage

slight

snub

upset

wound

offended

adjective

resentful

affronted

disgruntled

displeased

outraged

piqued

put out informal

smarting

stung

upset

offender

[D.J.:əˈfendə]

[K.K.:əˈfɛndɚ]

n.

冒犯者, 犯规者

罪犯

offender **

1. offender offenders
An offender is a person who has committed a crime.

- The authorities often know that sex offenders will attack again when they are released.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

2. offender offenders
You can refer to someone or something which you think is causing a problem as an offender .

- The contraceptive pill is the worst offender, but it is not the only drug to deplete the body's vitamin levels.

N-COUNT
= culprit

offender

noun

criminal

crook

culprit

delinquent

lawbreaker

miscreant

sinner

transgressor

villain

wrongdoer

offensive

[D.J.:əˈfensiv]

[K.K.:əˈfɛnsɪv]

adj.

讨厌的; 令人不快的

攻击的

n.

进攻, 攻势

offensively

[D.J.:əˈfensɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:əˈf ɛnsɪvlɪ]

adv.

令人不愉快地;讨厌地

冒犯地

offensive ***

1. offensive
Something that is offensive upsets or embarrasses people because it is rude or insulting.

- Some friends of his found the play horribly offensive.

- ...offensive remarks which called into question the integrity of my firm.

ADJ-GRADED
= objectionable

2. offensively

- The group who had been shouting offensively opened to let her through.

- I thought his glance at me had been offensively bold.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj

3. offensive offensives
A military offensive is a carefully planned attack made by a large group of soldiers.

- Its latest military offensive against rebel forces is aimed at re-opening important trade routes.

- The armed forces have launched offensives to recapture lost ground.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

4. offensive offensives
If you conduct an offensive , you take strong action to show how angry you are about something or how much you disapprove of something.

- Republicans acknowledged that they had little choice but to mount an all-out offensive on the Democratic nominee.

- ...a diplomatic offensive.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
See also charm offensive .

5. offensive
In sports such as American football or basketball, the offensive team is the team which has possession of the ball and is trying to score. (AM)

- The worst-ever defeat of this team proved once again that Stanford can be one of the most explosive offensive teams in the country.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

6. offensive
If you go on the offensive , go over to the offensive , or take the offensive , you begin to take strong action against people who have been attacking you.

- The West African forces went on the offensive in response to attacks on them.

- The Foreign Secretary has decided to take the offensive in the discussion on the future of the community.

PHR: V inflects

offensive

adjective

1.

insulting

abusive

discourteous

disrespectful

impertinent

insolent

objectionable

rude

2.

disagreeable

disgusting

nauseating

obnoxious

odious

repellent

revolting

unpleasant

vile

3.

aggressive

attacking

invading

noun

4.

attack

campaign

drive

onslaught

push informal

offer

[D.J.:ˈɔfə]

[K.K.:ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ]

vt.

主动提供; 主动提出; 出价

vt. & vi.

表示愿意等

vi.

出现, 显现

n.

提议, 提供

供应; 报价

offering

[D.J.:ˈɔ:fərɪŋ, ˈɔfə-]

[K.K.:ˈɔfərɪŋ, ˈɑfə-]

n.

提供或提出之物

a peace offering

(争吵后为表示歉意送的)和平礼物，谢罪礼

offer *****

1. offer offers offering offered
If you offer something to someone, you ask them if they would like to have it or use it.

- He has offered seats at the conference table to the Russian leader and the president of Kazakhstan.

- The number of companies offering them work increased.

- Rhys offered him an apple.

- Western governments have offered aid.

VB

2. offer offers offering offered
If you offer to do something, you say that you are willing to do it.

- Peter offered to teach them water-skiing.

- `Can I get you a drink,' she offered.

VB

3. offer offers
An offer is something that someone says they will give you or do for you.

- The offer of talks with Moscow marks a significant change from the previous western position.

- `I ought to reconsider her offer to move in,' he mused.

- He had refused several excellent job offers.

N-COUNT

4. offer offers offering offered
If you offer someone information, advice, or praise, you give it to them, usually because you feel that they need it or deserve it.

- They manage a company offering advice on mergers and acquisitions.

- She offered him emotional and practical support in countless ways.

- They are offered very little counselling or support.

VB

5. offer offers offering offered
If you offer someone something such as love or friendship, you show them that you feel that way towards them.

- The President has offered his sympathy to the Georgian people.

- It must be better to be able to offer them love and security.

- John's mother and sister rallied round offering comfort.

VB

6. offer offers offering offered
If people offer prayers, praise, or a sacrifice to God or a god, they speak to or give something to their god.

- Church leaders offered prayers and condemned the bloodshed.

- He will offer the first harvest of rice to the sun goddess.

VB

7. offer up offers up; offering up; offered up
Offer up means the same as offer .

- He should consider offering up a prayer to St Lambert.

PHR-V

8. offer offers offering offered
If an organization offers something such as a service or product, it provides it.

- We have been successful because we are offering a quality service.

- Sainsbury's is offering customers 1p for each shopping bag re-used.

- Eagle Star offers a 10% discount to the over-55s.

VB
= provide

9. offer offers
An offer in a shop is a specially low price for a specific product or something extra that you get if you buy a certain product.

- This month's offers include a shirt, trousers and bed covers.

- Today's special offer gives you a choice of three destinations.

- Weight watchers can save at Gateway with Special K on offer at £1.59, down 26p.

N-COUNT: oft supp N, also on N
= reduction

10. offer offers offering offered
If you offer a particular amount of money for something, you say that you will pay that much to buy it.

- Whitney has offered $21.50 a share in cash for 49.5 million Prime shares.

- They are offering farmers $2.15 a bushel for corn.

- He will write Rachel a note and offer her a fair price for the land.

- It was his custom in buying real estate to offer a rather low price.

VB

11. offer offers
An offer is the amount of money that someone says they will pay to buy something.

- The lawyers say no one else will make me an offer.

- He has dismissed an offer of compensation.

N-COUNT
= bid

12. offer
If you have something to offer , you have a quality or ability that makes you important, attractive, or useful.

- In your free time, explore all that this incredible city has to offer.

PHR: V inflects

13. offer
If there is something on offer , it is available to be used or bought.

- Savings schemes are the best retail investment products on offer.

- ...country cottages on offer at bargain prices.

PHR: v-link PHR

14. offer
If you are open to offers , you are willing to do something if someone will pay you an amount of money that you think is reasonable.

- It seems that while the Kiwis are keen to have him, he is still open to offers.

PHR: v-link PHR

offering ***

1. offering offerings
An offering is something that is specially produced to be sold.

- It was very, very good, far better than vegetarian offerings in many a posh restaurant.

N-COUNT

2. offering offerings
An offering is a gift that people offer to their God or gods as a form of worship.

- ...the holiest of the Shinto rituals, where offerings are made at night to the great Sun.

N-COUNT

offer

verb

1.

bid

proffer

tender

2.

provide

afford

furnish

present

3.

propose

advance

submit

suggest

4.

volunteer

come forward

offer one's services

noun

5.

bid

proposal

proposition

submission

suggestion

tender

offering

noun

donation

contribution

gift

hand-out

present

sacrifice

subscription

off-guard

off-guard
If someone is caught off-guard , they are not expecting a surprise or danger that suddenly occurs.

- The question caught her completely off-guard.

ADJ-GRADED: v n ADJ, v-link ADJ
= unawares

off-hand

[D.J.:ˈɔ:fˈhænd, ˈɔf-]

[K.K.:ˈɔfˈhænd, ˈɑf-]

adv.

立即, 当即, 事先没有准备地

adj.

临时的, 即席的

非正式的；随便的

无礼的, 不拘礼节的

off-hand

1. off-hand
If you say that someone is being off-hand , you are critical of them for being unfriendly or impolite, and not showing any interest in what other people are doing or saying.

- He lapsed into long silences or became offensively off-hand.

- Consumers found the attitude of its staff off-hand and generally offensive to the paying customer.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ also off hand . disapproval

2. off-hand
If you say something off-hand , you say it without checking the details or facts of it.

- `Have you done the repairs?' --- `Can't say off-hand, but I doubt it.'.

- `Were they at home or away, do you know off hand?'

ADV: ADV after v also off hand .

office

[D.J.:ˈɔfis]

[K.K.:ˈɔfɪs, ˈɑfɪs]

n.

办公室, 办公处; 事务所

(政府部门的)部, 局, 厅

有特定用途的房间[建筑物]; …处

公职, 官职, 公务

office *****

1. office offices
An office is a room or a part of a building where people work sitting at desks.

- He had an office big enough for his desk and chair, plus his VDU.

- At about 4.30 p.m. Audrey arrived at the office.

- Telephone their head office for more details.

- ...an office block.

N-COUNT

2. office offices
An office is a department of an organization, especially the government, where people deal with a particular kind of administrative work.

- Thousands have registered with unemployment offices.

- ...Downing Street's press office.

- ...the Congressional Budget Office.

N-COUNT: usu n N, oft in names

3. office offices
An office is a small building or room where people can go for information, tickets, or a service of some kind.

- The tourist office operates a useful room-finding service.

- ...the airline ticket offices.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

4. office offices
A doctor's or dentist's office is a place where a doctor or dentist sees their patients. (AM; in BRIT use surgery )
N-COUNT

5. office
If someone holds office in a government, they have an important job or position of authority.

- The events to mark the President's ten years in office went ahead as planned.

- They are fed up with the politicians and want to vote them out of office.

- The president shall hold office for five years.

- The Vietnam War dashed President Johnson's hopes of a second term of office.

- He ran for office.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in/out of N

6. office
Someone's good offices are the help that they give to other people who are trying to achieve something. (FORMAL)

- She sought the good offices of the President for the smooth passage of the Bill.

PHR: usu with poss
= support

office

noun

post

function

occupation

place

responsibility

role

situation

office boy

office boy office boys
An office boy is a young man, especially one who has just left school, who is employed in an office to do simple tasks. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

office-holder

office-holder office-holders
An office-holder is a person who has an important official position in an organization or government.

- They appear to be in a mood to vote against office-holders in the elections.

N-COUNT also office holder .

office hours

office hours
Office hours are the times when an office or similar place is open for business. For example, office hours in Britain are usually between 9 o'clock and 5 o'clock from Monday to Friday.

- If you have any queries, please call Anne Fisher on 0121-414-6203 during office hours.

N-PLURAL: usu prep N

officer

[D.J.:ˈɔfisə]

[K.K.:ˈɔfɪsɚ, ˈɑfɪ-]

n.

军官

(政府, 会社等的)高级官员[职员]

officer *****

1. officer officers
In the armed forces, an officer is a person in a position of authority.

- ...a retired British army officer...

- Her husband served during the Civil War as an officer in the White Army.

N-COUNT

2. officer officers
An officer is a person who has a responsible position in an organization, especially a government organization.

- ...a local authority education officer.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

3. officer officers
Members of the police force can be referred to as officers .

- ...senior officers in the West Midlands police force...

- Thank you, Officer.

N-COUNT: usu with supp; N-VOC

officer

noun

official

agent

appointee

executive

functionary

office-holder

representative

official

[D.J.:əˈfiʃəl]

[K.K.:əˈfɪʃəl]

n.

行政官员

adj.

公务的, 公职的, 职权的

官方的, 正式的, 官方认可的

officially

[D.J.:əˈfɪʃəlɪ]

[K.K.:əˈfɪʃəlɪ]

adv.

官方地,正式地

official *****

1. official
Official means approved by the government or by someone in authority.

- According to the official figures, over one thousand people died during the revolution.

- An official announcement is expected in the next few days.

- A report in the official police newspaper gave no reason for the move.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ unofficial

2. officially

- The election results have still not been officially announced.

- The nine-year civil war is officially over.

ADV: usu ADV -ed, also ADV group, ADV after v

3. official
Official activities are carried out by a person in authority as part of their job.

- The President is in Brazil for an official two-day visit.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ private

4. official
Official things are used by a person in authority as part of their job.

- ...the official residence of the Head of State.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. official
If you describe someone's explanation or reason for something as the official explanation, you are suggesting that it is probably not true, but is used because the real explanation is embarrassing.

- The official explanation for the cancellation of the party conference is that there are no premises available.

- The official reason given for the President's absence was sickness.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ actual real

6. officially

- Officially, the guard was to protect us. In fact, they were there to report on our movements.

ADV: ADV with cl/group

7. official officials
An official is a person who holds a position of authority in an organization.

- A senior UN official hopes to visit Baghdad this month.

N-COUNT: oft n N

8. official officials
An official at a sports event is a referee, umpire, or other person who checks that the players follow the rules.
N-COUNT

official

adjective

1.

authorized

accredited

authentic

certified

formal

legitimate

licensed

proper

sanctioned

noun

2.

officer

agent

bureaucrat

executive

functionary

office bearer

representative

officialdom

[əˈfiʃəldəm,əuˈfiʃəldəm]

n.

官场,官僚作风

officialdom

officialdom
Officialdom is used to refer to officials who work for the government or in other organizations, especially when you think that their rules are unhelpful.

- Officialdom has been against us from the start.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

officiate

[D.J.:əˈfɪʃi:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:əˈfɪʃiˌet]

vi.

行使(职务)

主持(宗教仪式)

officiate

1. officiate officiates officiating officiated
When someone officiates at a ceremony or formal occasion, they are in charge and perform the official part of it.

- Bishop Silvester officiated at the funeral.

- A memorial service was held yesterday at Wadhurst Parish Church. The Rev Michael Inch officiated.

VB

2. officiate officiates officiating officiated
When someone officiates at a sports match or competition, they are in charge and make sure the players do not break the rules.

- Mr Ellis was selected to officiate at a cup game between Grimsby and Rotherham.

- Frik Burger will officiate when the Pumas play Scotland.

VB

officiate

verb

preside

chair

conduct

manage

oversee

serve

superintend

officious

[D.J.:əˈfɪʃəs]

[K.K.:əˈfɪʃəs]

adj.

过分殷勤的;爱管闲事的;爱显示权力的

officiously

adv.

过分殷勤地

officiousness

n.

过分殷勤;爱管闲事

officiously

非官方地,过分殷勤地

officious

1. officious
If you describe someone as officious , you are critical of them because they are eager to tell people what to do when you think they should not.

- They wouldn't welcome any officious interference from the police.

- When people put on uniforms, their attitude becomes more confident and their manner more officious.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= interfering

2. officiously

- Lance Corporal Williams officiously ordered them out.

ADV: ADV with v

officious

adjective

interfering

dictatorial

intrusive

meddlesome

obtrusive

overzealous

pushy informal

self-important

offing

[D.J.:ˈɔ:fɪŋ, ˈɔfɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɔfɪŋ, ˈɑfɪŋ]

n.

in the offing

即将发生

offing

offing
If you say that something is in the offing , you mean that it is likely to happen soon.

- A general amnesty for political prisoners may be in the offing.

PHR: v-link PHR
= imminent

offing

noun

in the offing

in prospect

imminent

on the horizon

upcoming

off-key

[D.J.:ˈɔ:fˈki:, ˈɔf-]

[K.K.:ˈɔfˈki, ˈɑf-]

adj.

不平常的,走开的

off-key

1. off-key
When music is off-key , it is not in tune.

- ...wailing, off-key vocals and strangled guitars...

- No, no, no. This won't do. Someone is off-key.

ADJ-GRADED

2. off-key
Also an adverb.

- Laura couldn't sing off-key if she tried.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
= out of tune

off-licence

[D.J.:ˌɔ:fˈlaɪsəns, ˌɔf-]

[K.K.:ˌɔfˈlaɪsəns, ˌɑf-]

n.

卖酒执照

off-licence

off-licence off-licences
An off-licence is a shop which sells beer, wine, and other alcoholic drinks. (BRIT; in AM use liquor store )

- I'm going to the off-licence to buy some whisky.

N-COUNT: oft the N

off limits

1. off limits
If a place is off limits to someone, they are not allowed to go there.

- Downing Street has been off limits to the general public since 1982.

- Certain areas have been declared off limits to servicemen.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n also off-limits .
= out of bounds

2. off limits
If you say that an activity or a substance is off limits for someone, you mean that they are not allowed to do it or have it.

- Fraternizing with the customers is off-limits.

- Cream cleansers are totally off limits for oily skin.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ for n also off-limits .

offline

adj.

未连线的,未联机的,脱机的,离线的

adv.

未连线地,未联机地,脱机地,离线地

offline

1. offline
If a computer is offline , it is not connected to the Internet.
ADJ also off-line

2. offline
Also an adverb.

- Most software programs allow you to compose emails offline.

ADV: ADV with v also off-line
off line : see line .

offload

[D.J.:ˈɔfləud,ɔfˈləud,ˈɔ:fləud]

[K.K.:ˈɔfˌlod, ˈɑf-]

v.

卸下,卸货

offload

1. offload offloads offloading offloaded
If you offload something that you do not want, you get rid of it by giving it or selling it to someone else. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use unload )

- Prices have been cut by developers anxious to offload unsold apartments.

- Already in financial difficulties, Turner offloaded the painting on to the Getty Museum.

VB

2. offload offloads offloading offloaded
When goods are offloaded , they are removed from a container or vehicle and put somewhere else. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use unload )

- The supplies need to be offloaded and put on helicopters.

- The cargo was due to be offloaded in Singapore three days later.

VB
= unload ≠ load

off-message

off-message
If a politician is off-message , they say something that does not follow the official policy of their party.
ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

off-peak

[D.J.:ˈɔ:fˈpi:k, ˈɔf-]

[K.K.:ˈɔfˈpik, ˈɑf-]

adj.

非高峰的

off-peak

1. off-peak
You use off-peak to describe something that happens or that is used at times when there is least demand for it. Prices at off-peak times are often lower than at other times.

- The price for indoor courts is £10 per hour at peak times and £7 per hour at off-peak times.

- ...off-peak electricity.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ peak

2. off-peak
Also an adverb.

- Each tape lasts three minutes and costs 36p per minute off-peak and 48p at all other times.

ADV: ADV after v

off-putting

[D.J.:ˈɔ:fˌpʊtɪŋ, ˈɔf-]

[K.K.:ˈɔfˌpʊtɪŋ, ˈɑf-]

adj.

令人厌恶的

老是推托的

off-putting

off-putting
If you describe a quality or feature of something as off-putting , you mean that it makes you dislike that thing or not want to get involved with it. (mainly BRIT)

- However, Christine Fitt found the smell of this product distinctly off-putting.

ADJ-GRADED

off-putting

adjective

discouraging

daunting

disconcerting

dispiriting

disturbing

formidable

intimidating

unnerving

unsettling

off-roader

off-roader off-roaders
An off-roader is the same as an off-road vehicle . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

off-road vehicle

off-road vehicle off-road vehicles
An off-road vehicle is a vehicle that is designed to travel over rough ground.
N-COUNT

off-screen

adj.

在观众视线以外发生的

off-screen

1. off-screen
You use off-screen to refer to the real lives of film or television actors, in contrast with the lives of the characters they play.

- He was immensely attractive to women, onscreen and offscreen.

- Off-screen, Kathy is under the watchful eye of her father Terry.

ADV: ADV with cl also offscreen .
= in real life ≠ on-screen

2. off-screen
Also an adjective.

- They were quick to dismiss rumours of an off-screen romance.

ADJ: ADJ n also offscreen .
≠ on-screen

off season

1. off season
The off season is the time of the year when not many people go on holiday and when things such as hotels and plane tickets are often cheaper.

- It is possible to vacation at some of the more expensive resorts if you go in the off-season.

- Although it was off-season, the hotel was fully occupied.

- ...off-season prices.

N-SING: also no det, oft N n also off-season .
= low season ≠ high season

2. off season
Also an adverb.

- Times become more flexible off-season, especially in the smaller provincial museums.

ADV: usu ADV with cl, also ADV after v also off-season .

3. off season
The off season is the time of the year when a particular sport is not played.

- He has coached and played in Italy during the Australian off-season.

- ...intensive off-season training.

N-SING: oft N n also off-season .
≠ season

4. off season
Also an adverb.

- To stay fit off season, I play tennis or football.

ADV: usu ADV with cl, also ADV after v also off-season .

offset

[D.J.:ˈɔfset]

[K.K.:ˈɔfˌsɛt, ˈɑf-]

vt.

抵消, 补偿

offsetting

[ˈɔ:fˌsetiŋ]

n.

偏置法

offset **

offset offsets offsetting
If one thing is offset by another, the effect of the first thing is reduced by the second, so that any advantage or disadvantage is cancelled out.

- The increase in pay costs was more than offset by higher productivity.

- The move is designed to help offset the shortfall in world oil supplies caused by the UN embargo.

VB The form offset is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

offset

verb

cancel out

balance out

compensate for

counteract

counterbalance

make up for

neutralize

offshoot

[D.J.:ˈɔ:fˌʃu:t, ˈɔf-]

[K.K.:ˈɔfˌʃut, ˈɑf-]

n.

枝条,枝杈

offshoot *

offshoot offshoots
If one thing is an offshoot of another, it has developed from that other thing.

- Psychology began as a purely academic offshoot of natural philosophy.

- Firstdirect, Midland Bank's telephone banking offshoot, has cut its Visa card rate to APR 22.2%.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= spin-off

offshoot

noun

by-product

adjunct

appendage

development

spin-off

offshore

[D.J.:ˈɔ:fˈʃɔ:, -ˈʃəʊr, ˈɔf-]

[K.K.:ˈɔfˈʃɔr, -ˈʃor, ˈɑf-]

adj.

近海的

向海的, 离岸的

offshore **

1. offshore
Offshore means situated or happening in the sea, near to the coast.

- ...Britain's offshore oil industry.

- ...offshore islands.

ADJ: ADJ n also off-shore .

2. offshore
Also an adverb.

- One day a larger ship anchored offshore.

- When they hit the rocks, they were just 500 yards offshore.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, oft amount ADV also off-shore .

3. offshore
An offshore wind blows from the land towards the sea.

- ...a strong off-shore wind.

ADJ: ADJ n also off-shore .

4. offshore
Offshore investments or companies are located in a place, usually an island, which has fewer tax regulations than most other countries.

- The island offers a wide range of offshore banking facilities.

ADJ: ADJ n also off-shore .

offside

[D.J.:ˈɔ:fˈsaɪd, ˈɔf-]

[K.K.:ˈɔfˈsaɪd, ˈɑf-]

adj.

<体>越位的

在右侧的,在右边的

n.

越位

offside *

1. offside
In games such as soccer or hockey, when an attacking player is offside , they have broken the rules by being nearer to the goal than a defending player when the ball is passed to them.

- The goal was disallowed because Wark was offside.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ also off-side .
≠ onside

2. offside
Also an adverb.

- Wise was standing at least ten yards offside.

ADV: ADV after v also off-side .

3. offside
Also a noun.

- Rush had a 45th-minute goal disallowed for offside.

N-UNCOUNT also off-side .

4. offside
In American football, a player is offside if they cross the line of scrimmage before a play begins. (AM)
ADJ: usu v-link ADJ also off-side .

5. offside
The offside of a vehicle is the side that is farthest from the edge of the road when the vehicle is being driven normally. (BRIT)

- The driver of the car lowered his offside front window.

N-SING: usu N n also off-side .
≠ nearside

offspring

[D.J.:ˈɔfspriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɔfˌsprɪŋ, ˈɑf-]

n.

子女, 子孙, 后代

(动物的)崽

offspring *

offspring
You can refer to a person's children or to an animal's young as their offspring . (FORMAL)

- Eleanor was now less anxious about her offspring than she had once been.

N-COUNT: oft with poss offspring is both the singular and the plural form

offspring

noun

1.

child

descendant

heir

scion

successor

2.

children

brood

descendants

family

heirs

issue

progeny

young

offstage

n.

舞台内部,舞台后面

offstage

1. offstage
When an actor or entertainer goes offstage , they go into the area behind or to the side of the stage, so that the audience no longer sees them.

- She ran offstage in tears.

- There was a lot of noise offstage.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV also off-stage .
≠ onstage

2. offstage
In a theatre, offstage sounds are produced behind or to the side of the stage, so that the audience hears them but does not see them produced.

- `It's almost one o'clock!' lamented the off-stage voice.

ADJ: ADJ n also off-stage .
≠ onstage

3. offstage
Offstage is used to describe the behaviour of actors or entertainers in real life, when they are not performing.

- ...the tragedies of their off-stage lives.

ADJ: ADJ n also off-stage .
≠ onstage

4. offstage
Also an adverb.

- Despite their bitter screen rivalry, off-stage they are close friends.

ADV: ADV with cl also off-stage .
≠ onstage

off-the-wall

[D.J.:ˌɔ:fðəˈwɔ:l, ˌɔf-]

[K.K.:ˌɔfðəˈwɔl, ˌɑf-]

adj.

异乎寻常的,古怪的,疯狂的,疯疯癫癫的

off-the-wall *

1. off-the-wall
If you describe something as off-the-wall , you mean that it is unusual and rather strange but in an amusing or interesting way. (INFORMAL)

- ...surreal off-the-wall humor.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. off-the-wall
If you say that a person, their ideas, or their ways of doing something are off-the-wall , you are critical of them because you think they are mad or very foolish.

- It can be done without following some absurd, off-the-wall investment strategy.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

off-white

[D.J.:ˈɔ:fˈhwaɪt, -ˈwaɪt, ˈɔf-]

[K.K.:ˈɔfˈhwaɪt, -ˈwaɪt, ˈɑf-]

n.

白色

adv.

白色的

off-white

off-white
Something that is off-white is not pure white, but slightly grey or yellow.

- ...an off-white shirt.

COLOUR

off-year

off-year.
An off-year election is one that happens in a year when there are no major political elections. (AM)

- Election officials predict they'll set a new turnout record for an off-year election in Washington state.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

oft-

oft-
Oft combines with past participles to form adjectives that mean that something happens or is done often. (LITERARY)

- The Foreign Secretary's views on the treaty are well-documented and oft-repeated.

- It turns out to be a far more irritating poem than its oft-quoted lines suggest.

COMB in ADJ

often

[D.J.:ˈɔfən]

[K.K.:ˈɔfən, ˈɑfən, ˈɔftən, ˈɑf-]

adv.

常常; 经常; 时常

在大多数情况下

often *****

( Often is usually used before the verb, but it may be used after the verb when it has a word like `less' or `more' before it, or when the clause is negative.)

1. often
If something often happens, it happens many times or much of the time.

- They often spent Christmas at Prescott Hill.

- Early American weathervanes were most often cut from flat wooden boards.

- They used these words freely, often in front of their parents too.

- It was often hard to work and do the course at the same time.

- That doesn't happen very often.

ADV-GRADED: ADV before v, ADV with cl/group
= frequently ≠ rarely

2. often
You use often after `how' to ask questions about frequency. You also use often in reported clauses and other statements to give information about the frequency of something.

- How often do you brush your teeth?.

- I don't know how often I heard the same awful jokes.

- They jog, play tennis and water ski nearly twice as often as the general population.

ADV: how ADV, as ADV as n/cl
= frequently

3. often
If something happens every so often , it happens regularly, but with fairly long intervals between each occasion.

- She's going to come back every so often.

- Every so often he would turn and look at her.

PHR: PHR with cl
= occasionally

4. often
If you say that something happens as often as not, or more often than not , you mean that it happens fairly frequently, and that this can be considered as typical of the kind of situation you are talking about.

- Yet, as often as not, they find themselves the target of persecution rather than praise.

- Although sometimes I feel like bothering, as often as not I don't.

- Behind many successful men there is, more often than not, a woman who makes this success possible.

PHR: PHR with cl

often

adverb

frequently

generally

repeatedly

time and again

oftentimes

[D.J.:ˈɔfəntaimz]

[K.K.:ˈɔfənˌtaɪmz, ˈɔftən-, ˈɑfən-, ˈɑftən-]

adv.

时常地

oftentimes

oftentimes
If something oftentimes happens, it happens many times or much of the time. (AM)

- Oftentimes, these fossils are not made available to science at all.

- Oftentimes, I wouldn't even return the calls.

- It was oftentimes difficult to discuss certain issues while he was in the room.

ADV: ADV with cl, ADV with v, be ADV group
= often

ogle

[D.J.:ˈəʊgəl, ˈɔ:gəl]

[K.K.:ˈoɡəl, ˈɔɡəl]

vt. & vi.

(向…)抛媚眼,送秋波

n.

秋波; 媚眼; <俚>眼

ogle

ogle ogles ogling ogled
If you say that one person is ogling another, you disapprove of them continually staring at that person in a way that indicates a strong sexual interest.

- All she did was hang around ogling the men in the factory.

- Paula is not used to everyone ogling at her while she undresses backstage.

VB disapproval

ogle

verb

leer

eye up informal

ogre

[D.J.:ˈəʊgə]

[K.K.:ˈoɡɚ]

n.

吃人巨妖

极可怕的人

ogress

n.

女妖魔

ogress

[D.J.:ˈəuɡris]

[K.K.:ˈoɡrɪs]

n.

食人女妖

ogre

1. ogre ogres
If you refer to someone as an ogre , you are saying in a humorous way that they are very frightening.

- Bank managers -- like tax inspectors -- do not really like being thought of as ogres.

N-COUNT

2. ogre ogres
In legends and fairy stories, an ogre is a large, cruel, frightening man who often eats people.
N-COUNT

ogre

noun

monster

bogeyman

bugbear

demon

devil

giant

spectre

oh

[D.J.:əʊ]

[K.K.:o]

int.

(表示恐惧、惊讶、疑虑等)噢, 啊, 哦, 唉, 哎呀

oh ****

1. oh
You use oh to introduce a response or a comment on something that has just been said. (SPOKEN)

- `Had you seen the car before?' --- `Oh yes, it was always in the drive.'.

- `Would you like me to phone and explain the situation?' --- `Oh, would you?'.

- `You don't understand!' --- `Oh, I think I do, Grace.'

CONVENTION

2. oh
You use oh to express a feeling such as surprise, pain, annoyance, or happiness. (SPOKEN)

- `Oh!' Kenny blinked. `Has everyone gone?'.

- `Oh, my God,' Korontzis moaned.

- Oh, I'm so glad you're here.

EXCLAM feelings
See also O .

3. oh
You use ` oh ' when you are hesitating while speaking, for example because you are trying to estimate something, or because you are searching for the right word. (SPOKEN)

- I've been here, oh, since the end of June.

- The invaders have destroyed the, oh, I don't know what the right word is -- the atmosphere, the ambience.

CONVENTION
= er erm

ohm

[D.J.:əʊm]

[K.K.:om]

n.

<电>欧姆(电阻单位)

Ohm’s Law

欧姆定律

ohm

ohm ohms
An ohm is a unit which is used to measure electrical resistance. (TECHNICAL)

- ...a resistance of 40 ohms.

N-COUNT

OHMS

abbr.

On His Majesty's Service 英国政府信件不用邮资印

OHMS

abbr.

On His Majesty's Service 英国政府信件不用邮资印

OHMS

OHMS
OHMS is used on official letters from British or Commonwealth government offices. OHMS is the abbreviation for `On Her Majesty's Service' or `On His Majesty's Service'.

OHP

abbr.

Overhead Protection 顶置防护

OHP

abbr.

Overhead Protection 顶置防护

OHP

OHP OHPs
An OHP is the same as an overhead projector .
N-COUNT

oi

[ɔi]

int.

喂，嘿

oi

oi
In informal situations, people say or shout ` oi ' to attract someone's attention, especially if they are angry. (BRIT)

- Oi! You lot! Shut up!

EXCLAMATION

oik

oik oiks
If you refer to someone as an oik , you think that they behave in a rude or unacceptable way, especially in a way that you believe to be typical of a low social class. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She has to live cheek by jowl with oiks, people with tattoos and stolen videos.

- ...a dozen public school oiks standing and screeching at each other.

N-COUNT disapproval

oil

[D.J.:ɔil]

[K.K.:ɔɪl]

n.

油

石油

油画; 油画颜料

vt.

给…加油

vi.

化成油

oiled

[D.J.:ɔɪld]

[K.K.:ɔɪld]

adj.

喝醉的

oiling

[ˈɔiliŋ]

n.

润滑油

oil *****

1. oil oils
Oil is a smooth, thick liquid that is used as a fuel and for making the parts of machines move smoothly. Oil is found underground.

- The company buys and sells about 600,000 barrels of oil a day.

- ...the rapid rise in prices for oil and petrol.

- ...a small oil lamp.

N-MASS

2. oil oils oiling oiled
If you oil something, you put oil onto or into it, for example to make it work smoothly or to protect it.

- A crew of assistants oiled and adjusted the release mechanism until it worked perfectly.

- The leather may need to be oiled every two to three weeks in order to retain its suppleness.

VB
= lubricate

3. oil oils
Oil is a smooth, thick liquid made from plants and is often used for cooking.

- Combine the beans, chopped mint and olive oil in a large bowl.

- Drop the slices into the oil and fry until golden brown.

N-MASS: usu n N

4. oil oils
Oil is a smooth, thick liquid, often with a pleasant smell, that you rub into your skin or add to your bath.

- Try a hot bath with some relaxing bath oil.

- My sister smeared herself with suntan oil and slept by the swimming pool all day.

N-MASS: usu supp N

5. oil oils
Oils are oil paintings .

- Her colourful oils and works on paper have a naive, dreamlike quality.

N-COUNT: usu pl

6. oil
When an artist paints in oils , he or she uses oil paints.

- When she paints in oils she always uses the same range of colours.

N-PLURAL

7. oil
If you pour oil on troubled waters , you try to calm down a difficult situation.
PHR: V inflects

8. oil
If someone or something oils the wheels of a process or system, they help things to run smoothly and successfully.

- On all such occasions, the king stands in the wings, oiling the wheels of diplomacy.

PHR: V inflects

oiled *

oiled
Something that is oiled has had oil put into or onto it, for example to make it work smoothly or to protect it.

- Oiled wood is water-resistant and won't flake.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
See also well-oiled .

oil

verb

lubricate

grease

oilcloth

[D.J.:ˈɔilklɔθ]

[K.K.:ˈɔɪlˌklɔθ, -ˌklɑθ]

n.

油布(油毯的一种)

oilcloth

1. oilcloth
Oilcloth is a cotton fabric with a shiny waterproof surface.
N-UNCOUNT

2. oilcloth oilcloths
An oilcloth is a covering made from oilcloth, such as a tablecloth.
N-COUNT

oilfield

[ˈɔilfi:ld]

n.

油田

oilfield *

oilfield oilfields
An oilfield is an area of land or sea under which there is oil.
N-COUNT also oil field .

oil-fired

adj.

以石油为燃料的

oil-fired

oil-fired
Oil-fired heating systems and power stations use oil as a fuel.

- The hot air is provided by an oil-fired furnace.

ADJ: ADJ n

oilman

[ˈɔilmən]

n.

石油商

oilman

oilman oilmen
An oilman is a man who owns an oil company or who works in the oil business. (JOURNALISM)

- Five oilmen were injured when a gas explosion shook a North Sea oil rig yesterday.

N-COUNT also oil man .

oil paint

oil paint
Oil paint is a thick paint used by artists. It is made from coloured powder and linseed oil.
N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

oil painting

oil painting oil paintings
An oil painting is a picture which has been painted using oil paints.

- Several magnificent oil paintings adorn the walls.

N-COUNT

oil pan

oil pan oil pans
An oil pan is the place under an engine which holds the engine oil. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use sump )
N-COUNT

oil platform

oil platform oil platforms
An oil platform is a structure that is used when getting oil from the ground under the sea.
N-COUNT

oil rig

oil rig oil rigs
An oil rig is a structure on land or in the sea that is used when getting oil from the ground.
N-COUNT

oilseed rape

oilseed rape
Oilseed rape is a plant with yellow flowers which is grown as a crop. Its seeds are crushed to make cooking oil. (BRIT; in AM use rape )
N-UNCOUNT also oil-seed rape .

oilskins

oilskins
Oilskins are a coat and a pair of trousers made from thick waterproof cotton cloth.
N-PLURAL

oil slick *

oil slick oil slicks
An oil slick is a layer of oil that is floating on the sea or on a lake because it has accidentally come out of a ship or container.

- The oil slick is now 35 miles long.

N-COUNT

oil tanker *

oil tanker oil tankers
An oil tanker is a ship that is used for transporting oil.
N-COUNT

oil well *

oil well oil wells
An oil well is a deep hole which is made in order to get oil out of the ground.
N-COUNT

oily

[D.J.:ˈɔɪli:]

[K.K.:ˈɔɪli]

adj.

涂有油的;油腻的

过于奉承的, 油滑的, 谄媚的

oily *

1. oily oilier oiliest
Something that is oily is covered with oil or contains oil.

- He was wiping his hands on an oily rag.

- When she was younger, she had very oily skin.

- Paul found the sauce too oily.

ADJ-GRADED

2. oily oilier oiliest
Oily means looking, feeling, tasting, or smelling like oil.

- ...traces of an oily substance.

- ...a medium dry wine with an oily, spicy flavour.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. oily oilier oiliest
If you describe someone as oily , you dislike them because you think they are too polite or say exaggeratedly nice things, and are insincere.

- He had behaved with undue and oily familiarity.

- The older man asked in his oily voice what he could do for them today.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= smarmy unctuous

oily

adjective

greasy

fatty

oleaginous

ointment

[D.J.:ˈɔɪntmənt]

[K.K.:ˈɔɪntmənt]

n.

软膏, 油膏

a/the fly in the ointment

扫兴的人；煞风景的事物

ointment *

1. ointment ointments
An ointment is a smooth thick substance that is put on sore skin or a wound to help it heal.

- A range of ointments and creams is available for the treatment of eczema.

- I saw his legs being bathed and new bandages and ointment being put on to bring a measure of relief.

N-MASS
= salve

2. ointment
If you describe someone or something as a fly in the ointment , you think they spoil a situation and prevent it being as successful as you had hoped.

- Rachel seems to be the one fly in the ointment of Caroline's smooth life.

PHR: v-link PHR

ointment

noun

lotion

balm

cream

embrocation

emollient

liniment

salve

unguent

okay

[D.J.:ˌəuˈkei]

[K.K.:oˈke]

adj.

好的; 不错的

adv.

好; 不错

int.

行; 好的

n.

同意; 允许

vt.

同意; 认可

okay ****

1. okay
If you say that something is okay , you find it satisfactory or acceptable. (INFORMAL)

- ...a shooting range where it's OK to use weapons...

- Is it okay if I come by myself?.

- I guess for a fashionable restaurant like this the prices are OK.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ to-inf, it v-link ADJ if also OK , O.K. , ok .
= all right

2. okay
Also an adverb.

- We seemed to manage okay for the first year or so after David was born.

ADV: ADV after v also OK , O.K. , ok .
= all right

3. okay
If you say that someone is okay , you mean that they are safe and well. (INFORMAL)

- Check that the baby's okay.

- `Don't worry about me,' I said. `I'll be okay.'

ADJ: v-link ADJ also OK , O.K. , ok .
= all right

4. okay
You can say ` Okay ' to show that you agree to something. (INFORMAL)

- `Just tell him Sir Kenneth would like to talk to him.' --- `OK.'.

- `Shall I give you a ring on Friday?' --- `Yeah okay.'

CONVENTION also OK , O.K. , ok . formulae
= all right

5. okay
You can say ` Okay? ' to check whether the person you are talking to understands what you have said and accepts it. (INFORMAL)

- Add them together, divide by five, and you've got the average. Okay?.

- We'll get together next week, OK?

CONVENTION also OK , O.K. , ok .
= all right

6. okay
You can use okay to indicate that you want to start talking about something else or doing something else. (INFORMAL)

- OK. Now, let's talk some business.

- Tim jumped to his feet. `Okay, let's go.'

CONVENTION also OK , O.K. , ok .
= right

7. okay
You can use okay to stop someone arguing with you by showing that you accept the point they are making, though you do not necessarily regard it as very important. (INFORMAL)

- Okay, there is a slight difference.

- Okay, so I'm forty-two.

CONVENTION also OK , O.K. , ok .

8. okay okays okaying okayed
If someone in authority okays something, they officially agree to it or allow it to happen. (INFORMAL)

- His doctor wouldn't OK the trip.

- We are all wondering why the government is suddenly okaying a brand new school on the island.

VB also OK , O.K. , ok .

9. okay
Also a noun.

- He gave the okay to issue a new press release.

- We are ready to start flying to Britain as soon as we get the okay.

N-SING: the N also OK , O.K. , ok .

okey doke

okey doke
Okey doke is used in the same way as `OK' to show that you agree to something, or that you want to start talking about something else or doing something else. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- Okey doke. I'll give you a ring.

CONVENTION also okey dokey

okra

[D.J.:ˈəukrə]

[K.K.:ˈokrə]

n.

黄秋葵,秋葵荚

okra

okra
Okra is a vegetable that consists of long green parts containing seeds.
N-UNCOUNT

old

[D.J.:əuld]

[K.K.:old]

adj.

老的; 年老的

古老的; 古代的, 陈旧的

…年龄的; …岁的

早已认识的; 熟悉的

以前的; 从前的

有经验的, 老练的

older

adj.

年长的

old *****

1. old older oldest
Someone who is old has lived for many years and is no longer young.

- ...a white-haired old man...

- He was considered too old for the job.

ADJ-GRADED
= elderly ≠ young

2. old
The old are people who are old.

- ...providing a caring response for the needs of the old and the handicapped.

N-PLURAL: the N
= elderly

3. old
You use old to talk about how many days, weeks, months, or years someone or something has lived or existed.

- He was abandoned by his father when he was three months old.

- The paintings in the chapel were perhaps a thousand years old.

- How old are you now?.

- These weren't young kids, they were as old as I was.

- Bill was six years older than David.

ADJ: amount ADJ, how ADJ, as ADJ as , ADJ-compar than

4. old older oldest
Something that is old has existed for a long time.

- She loved the big old house.

- These books must be very old.

- ...an old Arab proverb.

- ...her old habit of criticizing his speech...

- Ethnic tensions are an old problem here.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ new

5. old older oldest
Something that is old is no longer in good condition because of its age or because it has been used a lot.

- He took a bunch of keys from the pocket of his old corduroy trousers.

- ...an old toothbrush.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ new

6. old
You use old to refer to something that is no longer used, that no longer exists, or that has been replaced by something else.

- The old road had disappeared under grass and heather.

- Although the old secret police have been abolished, the military police still exist.

- In the old Liberal party the peace movement was a powerful voice.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. old
You use old to refer to something that used to belong to you, or to a person or thing that used to have a particular role in your life.

- I'll make up the bed in your old room.

- I still have affection for my old school.

- Mark was heartbroken when Jane returned to her old boyfriend.

ADJ: poss ADJ n

8. old older oldest
An old friend, enemy, or rival is someone who has been your friend, enemy, or rival for a long time.

- I called my old friend John Horner.

- Mr Brownson, I assure you King's an old enemy of mine.

- The French and English are old rivals.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

9. old
You can use old to express affection when talking to or about someone you know. (INFORMAL)

- Are you all right, old chap?.

- Good old Bergen would do him the favor.

ADJ: ADJ n feelings

10. old
You use any old to emphasize that the quality or type of something is not important. If you say that a particular thing is not any old thing, you are emphasizing how special or famous it is. (INFORMAL)

- Any old paper will do.

- The portraits and sumptuous ornaments, and the gold clock, show that this is not just any old front room.

PHR: PHR n emphasis

11. old
In the old days means in the past, before things changed.

- In the old days we got a visit from the vet maybe once a year.

PHR: PHR with cl

12. old
When people refer to the good old days , they are referring to a time in the past when they think that life was better than it is now.

- He remembers the good old days when everyone in his village knew him and you could leave your door open at night.

PHR

13. old
If you talk about people or things of old , you are referring to people or things that existed long ago but which no longer exist, or no longer exist in the same form. (LITERARY)

- ...the warrior knights of old.

- ...a programme of work to recreate the Sherwood Forest of old.

PHR: n PHR

old

adjective

1.

senile

aged

ancient

decrepit

elderly

mature

venerable

2.

antique

antediluvian

antiquated

dated

obsolete

superannuated

timeworn

3.

former

earlier

erstwhile

one-time

previous

old age *

1. old age
Your old age is the period of years towards the end of your life.

- They worry about how they will support themselves in their old age.

- In old age the two men wrote each other wistful letters.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N
≠ youth

2. old age
Old age is the quality or state of being old and near the end of one's life.

- In Britain today we tend to consider old age as a social problem.

- He is unable to travel much because of old age.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ youth

old age pension

old age pension old age pensions
An old age pension is a regular amount of money that people receive from the government when they have retired from work. (BRIT; in AM use social security benefit or social security payment )
N-COUNT also old-age pension .
= state pension

old age pensioner

old age pensioner old age pensioners
An old age pensioner is a person who is old enough to receive an pension from their employer or the government. (BRIT; in AM use senior citizen or retiree )
N-COUNT also old-age pensioner .
= senior citizen

old bat

old bat old bats
If someone refers to an old person, especially an old woman, as an old bat , they think that person is silly, annoying, or unpleasant. (INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT: usu sing disapproval

old boy **

1. old boy old boys
You can refer to a man who used to be a pupil at a particular school or university as an old boy . (BRIT)

- ...Eton College, with all its traditions and long list of famous old boys.

- ...Cardiff High School Old Boys rugby team.

N-COUNT

2. old boy old boys
If you refer to an old or middle-aged man as an old boy , you are referring to him in a disrespectful way. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- Outside, two old boys lingered on the street corner discussing cattle.

N-COUNT disapproval

old-boy network

old-boy network old-boy networks
When people talk about the old-boy network , they are referring to a situation in which people who went to the same public school or university use their positions of influence to help each other. (BRIT)

- The majority obtained their positions through the old boy network.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing also old boy network . disapproval

olde

olde
Olde is used in names of places and in advertising to make people think that something is very old and interesting.

- I always feel at home at Ye Olde Starre Inn.

ADJ: ADJ n

olden

[D.J.:ˈəuldən]

[K.K.:ˈoldən]

adj.

古昔的

olden

olden
In the olden days or in olden days means in the past.

- We had a delightful time talking about the olden days on his farm.

- ...the nicely painted railways of olden times.

- In the olden days the girls were married young.

- In olden days, of course, a flag-lieutenant was in charge of the Admiral's signal flags.

PHR: PHR with cl

olde worlde

olde worlde
Olde worlde is used to describe places and things that are or seem to be from an earlier period of history, and that look interesting or attractive. (BRIT)

- ...the quaint olde worlde part of town...

- There is an olde worlde look about the clothes for summer.

ADJ-GRADED

old-fashioned

[D.J.:ˈəuldˈfæʃənd]

[K.K.:ˈoldˈfæʃənd]

adj.

老式的,过时的,守旧的

old-fashioned **

1. old-fashioned
Something such as a style, method, or device that is old-fashioned is no longer used, done, or admired by most people, because it has been replaced by something that is more modern.

- The house was dull, old-fashioned and in bad condition.

- There are some traditional farmers left who still make cheese the old-fashioned way.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ modern

2. old-fashioned
Old-fashioned ideas, customs, or values are the ideas, customs, and values of the past.

- She has some old-fashioned values and can be a strict disciplinarian.

- ...good old-fashioned English cooking.

ADJ-GRADED
= traditional

old-fashioned

adjective

out of date

behind the times

dated

obsolescent

obsolete

old hat

outdated

outmoded

pass´e

unfashionable

old flame

old flame old flames
An old flame is someone with whom you once had a romantic relationship.

- Sue was seen dating an old flame.

- Julia Samuel was one of Prince Andrew's old flames.

N-COUNT

old girl *

1. old girl old girls
You can refer to a woman who used to be a pupil at a particular school or university as an old girl . (BRIT)

- ...the St Mary's Ascot Old Girls' Reunion Lunch.

N-COUNT
= alumna

2. old girl old girls
If you refer to an old or middle-aged woman as an old girl , you are referring to her in a disrespectful way. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The old girl in there runs the saloon bar at the pub in the evenings.

N-COUNT disapproval

Old Glory

Old Glory
People sometimes refer to the flag of the United States as Old Glory . (AM)
N-UNCOUNT

old guard *

old guard
If you refer to a group of people as the old guard , you mean that they have worked in a particular organization for a very long time and are unwilling to accept new ideas or practices.

- The old guard did not like the changes that Brewer introduced.

- He belongs to the ruling Nationalist Party's old guard.

N-SING-COLL: usu the /poss N disapproval

old hand

old hand old hands
If someone is an old hand at something, they are very skilled at it because they have been doing it for a long time.

- An old hand at photography, Tim has been shooting wildlife as a hobby for the last 13 years.

N-COUNT: oft N at n
= veteran ≠ novice

oldie

[D.J.:ˈəuldi]

[K.K.:ˈoldi]

n.

老人,陈旧之物

oldie *

1. oldie oldies
You can refer to something such as an old song or film as an oldie , especially when you think it is still good. (INFORMAL)

- Radio Aire only plays Top 40 stuff and oldies.

N-COUNT

2. oldie
Also an adjective.

- During the festival, we'll be showing 13 classic oldie films.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

3. oldie oldies
You can use oldies to refer to fairly old people. (BRIT, INFORMAL, HUMOROUS)

- ...a lush English fairy tale that many oldies will remember from their youth.

N-COUNT

old lady *

old lady
Some men refer to their wife, girlfriend, or mother as their old lady . (INFORMAL)

- He had met his old lady when he was a house painter and she was a waitress.

N-SING: usu poss N

old maid

old maid old maids
People sometimes refer to an old or middle-aged woman as an old maid when she has never married and they think that it is unlikely that she ever will marry. This use could cause offence.

- Alex is too young to be already thinking of herself as an old maid.

N-COUNT disapproval
= spinster

old man *

old man
Some people refer to their father, husband, or boyfriend as their old man . (INFORMAL)

- Her old man left her a few millions when he died.

- Hey, Ma. It's the old man.

N-SING: the /poss N

old master *

old master old masters
An old master is a painting by one of the famous European painters of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. These painters can also be referred to as the Old Masters .

- ...his collection of old masters and modern art.

- ...portraits by Gainsborough, Rubens and other Old Masters.

N-COUNT

old people's home

old people's home old people's homes
An old people's home is a place where old people live and are cared for when they are too old to look after themselves. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

old school tie

old school tie
When people talk about the old school tie , they are referring to the situation in which people who attended the same public school use their positions of influence to help each other. (BRIT)

- Of course, the old school tie has been a help.

N-SING: the N

old-style

adj.

旧式的,老派的

old-style *

old-style
You use old-style to describe something or someone of a type that was common in the past but is not common now.

- ...a proper barber shop with real old-style barber chairs.

ADJ: ADJ n
= old-fashioned

Old Testament *

Old Testament
The Old Testament is the first part of the Bible. It deals especially with the relationship between God and the Jewish people.
N-PROPER: the N

old-time

[D.J.:ˈəʊldˈtaɪm]

[K.K.:ˈoldˈtaɪm]

adj.

以前的,旧式的

old-time *

1. old-time
If you describe something as old-time , you mean that it was common in the past but is not common now.

- ...an old-time dance hall which still has a tea dance on Monday afternoons.

ADJ: ADJ n
= old-fashioned

2. old-time
You can use old-time before the name of someone's job to show that they do their job in the way it was done in the past.

- The effect of that singing, as the old-time reporters used to say, was electrical.

- ...like an old-time sailor climbing the rigging.

ADJ: ADJ n

old-timer

[D.J.:ˈəʊldˈtaɪmə]

[K.K.:ˈoldˈtaɪmɚ]

n.

〈口〉老资格的人,老前辈,老人,旧式的人

old-timer

1. old-timer old-timers
If you refer to someone as an old-timer , you mean that he or she has been living in a particular place or doing a particular job for a long time. (INFORMAL)

- The old-timers and established families clutched the reins of power.

N-COUNT
= veteran ≠ newcomer

2. old-timer old-timers
An old man is sometimes referred to as an old-timer . (AM, INFORMAL)

- The old-timers used to recall how hot 1886 was.

N-COUNT
= old man ≠ youngster

old wives' tale

old wives' tale old wives' tales
An old wives' tale is a traditional belief which is incorrect.

- Ann Bradley dispels the old wives' tales and gives the medical facts.

N-COUNT

old woman

old woman old women
If you refer to someone, especially a man, as an old woman , you are critical of them because you think they are too anxious about things. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

ole

ole
Ole is used in written English to represent the word `old' pronounced in a particular way.

- `I started fixin' up ole bicycles fer poor kids.'

ADJ: ADJ n

oleander

[D.J.:ˌəuliˈændə]

[K.K.:ˈoliˌændɚ, ˌoliˈændɚ]

n.

夹竹桃

oleander

oleander oleanders
An oleander is an evergreen tree or shrub that has white, pink, or purple flowers. Oleanders grow in Mediterranean countries and in some parts of Asia and Australia.
N-VAR

olfactory

[D.J.:ɔlˈfæktəri:, -tri:, əʊl-]

[K.K.:ɑlˈfæktəri, -tri, ol-]

adj.

嗅觉的

olfactory

olfactory
Olfactory means concerned with the sense of smell. (FORMAL)

- This olfactory sense develops in the womb.

ADJ: ADJ n

oligarchy

[D.J.:ˈɔlɪˌgɑ:ki:, ˈəʊlɪ-]

[K.K.:ˈɑlɪˌɡɑrki, ˈolɪ-]

n.

寡头统治的政府

寡头政治的执政集团

寡头统治的国家

oligarchic(al)

adj.

oligarchy

1. oligarchy oligarchies
An oligarchy is a small group of people who control and run a particular country or organization. You can also refer to a country which is governed in this way as an oligarchy .

- Athens was suffering under the rule of an oligarchy that had no concern for the people's welfare.

N-COUNT

2. oligarchy
Oligarchy is a situation in which a country or organization is run by an oligarchy.

- ...a protest against imperialism and oligarchy in the region.

N-UNCOUNT

olive

[D.J.:ˈɔliv]

[K.K.:ˈɑlɪv]

n.

橄榄

橄榄树

橄榄色

adj.

橄榄色的

黄褐色的

olive **

1. olive olives
Olives are small green or black fruit with a bitter taste. Olives are often pressed to make olive oil.
N-VAR

2. olive olives
An olive tree or an olive is a tree on which olives grow.

- Olives look romantic on a hillside in Provence.

- ...an olive grove.

N-COUNT

3. olive olives
Something that is olive is yellowish-green in colour.

- ...glowing colours such as deep red, olive, saffron and ochre.

COLOUR

4. olive
Also a combining form.

- She wore an olive-green T-shirt.

COMB in COLOUR

5. olive
If someone has olive skin, the colour of their skin is light brown.

- They are handsome with dark, shining hair, olive skin and fine brown eyes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

olive branch

olive branch olive branches
If you offer an olive branch to someone, you say or do something in order to show that you want to end a disagreement or quarrel.

- Clarke also offered an olive branch to critics in his party.

N-COUNT: usu sing also olive-branch .

olive oil **

olive oil olive oils
Olive oil is oil that is obtained by pressing olives. It is used for putting on salads or in cooking.
N-MASS

-ological

-ological
-ological is used to replace `-ology' at the end of nouns in order to form adjectives that describe something as relating to a particular science or subject. For example, `biological' means relating to biology.
SUFFIX

-ologist

-ologist
-ologist is used to replace `-ology' at the end of nouns in order to form other nouns that refer to people who are concerned with a particular science or subject. For example, a `biologist' is concerned with biology.
SUFFIX

-ology

-ology
-ology is used at the end of some nouns that refer to a particular science or subject, for example `geology' or `sociology'.
SUFFIX

Olympian

[D.J.:əuˈlimpiən]

[K.K.:oˈlɪmpiən]

n.

〈主美〉奥运会选手

adj.

〈主美〉奥林山神的,庄严的

Olympian

1. Olympian
Olympian means very powerful, large, or impressive. (FORMAL)

- Getting his book into print has been an Olympian task in itself.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Olympian Olympians
An Olympian is a competitor in the Olympic Games.

- The importance of being an Olympian will vary from athlete to athlete.

N-COUNT

Olympic

[D.J.:əʊˈlɪmpɪk]

[K.K.:oˈlɪmpɪk]

adj.

奥林匹克运动会的

Olympic ***

1. Olympic
Olympic means relating to the Olympic Games.

- ...the reigning Olympic champion.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. Olympic
The Olympics are the Olympic Games.

- I will be in Atlanta for the next Olympics.

- She won the individual gold medal at the Winter Olympics.

N-PROPER: the N

Olympic Games **

Olympic Games
The Olympic Games are a set of international sports competitions which take place every four years, each time in a different country.

- At the 1968 Olympic Games she had won gold medals in races at 200, 400, and 800m.

N-PROPER-COLL: the N
= Olympics

ombudsman

[D.J.:ˈɔmbədzmæn]

[K.K.:ˈɑmˌbʌdzmən, -bədz-, -ˌbʊdz-]

n.

调查官员舞弊情况的政府官员

ombudsman *

ombudsman ombudsmen
The ombudsman is an independent official who has been appointed to investigate complaints that people make against the government or public organizations.

- The leaflet explains how to complain to the banking ombudsman.

N-COUNT: usu the N, supp N

omelette

[D.J.:ˈɔməlɪt, ˈɔmlɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɑməlɪt, ˈɑmlɪt]

n.

煎蛋饼,煎蛋卷

omelette *

omelette omelettes
An omelette is a type of food made by beating eggs and cooking them in a flat pan.

- ...a cheese omelette.

N-COUNT (AM) omelet

omen

[D.J.:ˈəʊmən]

[K.K.:ˈomən]

n.

前兆, 预兆

omen *

omen omens
If you say that something is an omen , you think it indicates what is likely to happen in the future and whether it will be good or bad.

- Her appearance at this moment is an omen of disaster.

- Could this at last be a good omen for peace?

N-COUNT
= portent

omen

noun

sign

foreboding

indication

portent

premonition

presage

warning

ominous

[D.J.:ˈɔmənəs]

[K.K.:ˈɑmənəs]

adj.

不吉的, 不祥的

ominously

[D.J.:ˈ ɔmɪnəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈ ɑmənəslɪ]

adv.

恶兆地;不吉利地

预示地

ominous *

1. ominous
If you describe something as ominous , you mean that it worries you because it makes you think that something unpleasant is going to happen.

- There was an ominous silence at the other end of the phone.

- The rolls of distant thunder were growing more ominous.

ADJ-GRADED
= menacing

2. ominously

- The bar seemed ominously quiet.

- Ominously, car sales slumped in August.

- A Chinese government spokesman spoke ominously of China's `right to react with relevant measures'.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with cl, ADV with v

ominous

adjective

sinister

fateful

foreboding

inauspicious

portentous

threatening

unpromising

unpropitious

omission

[D.J.:əʊˈmɪʃən]

[K.K.:oˈmɪʃən]

n.

省略, 删节;遗漏

略去或漏掉的事(或人)

omission *

1. omission omissions
An omission is something that has not been included or has not been done, either deliberately or accidentally.

- The duke was surprised by his wife's omission from the guest list.

N-COUNT
≠ inclusion

2. omission omissions
Omission is the act of not including a particular person or thing or of not doing something.

- ...the prosecution's seemingly malicious omission of recorded evidence.

N-VAR

omission

noun

exclusion

failure

lack

neglect

oversight

omit

[D.J.:ə uˈmit]

[K.K.:oˈmɪt]

vt.

省略, 遗漏; 删掉

忘记做

omit **

1. omit omits omitting omitted
If you omit something, you do not include it in an activity or piece or work, deliberately or accidentally.

- Omit the salt in this recipe.

- Our apologies to David Pannick for omitting his name from last week's article.

VB
= leave out

2. omit omits omitting omitted
If you omit to do something, you do not do it. (FORMAL)

- His new girlfriend had omitted to tell him she was married.

VB
= fail

omit

verb

leave out

drop

eliminate

exclude

forget

neglect

overlook

pass over

skip

omnibus

[D.J.:ˈɔmnɪˌbʌs, -bəs]

[K.K.:ˈɑmnɪˌbʌs, -bəs]

n.

<正>公共汽车

文库,选集,汇编

adj.

综合的;包括多项的

the man (and/or woman) on the Clapham omnibus

普通人；老百姓

omnibus

1. omnibus omnibuses
An omnibus edition of a radio or television programme contains two or more similar programmes that were originally broadcast separately. (BRIT)

- I enjoy the omnibus edition of Eastenders on Sunday.

N-COUNT: usu N n

2. omnibus omnibuses
An omnibus is a book which contains a large collection of stories or articles, often by a particular person or about a particular subject.

- ...a new omnibus edition of three Ruth Rendell chillers.

N-COUNT
= anthology

3. omnibus omnibuses
An omnibus is a bus . (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

omnipotence

[ɔmˈnipətəns]

n.

全能,万能,无限威力

omnipotent

[D.J.:ɔmˈnɪpətənt]

[K.K.:ɑmˈnɪpətənt]

adj.

全能的,权力无限的

n.

全能者

omnipotence

n.

omnipotence

omnipotence
Omnipotence is the state of having total authority or power. (FORMAL)

- ...the omnipotence of God.

N-UNCOUNT

omnipotence

noun

supremacy

invincibility

mastery

omnipotent

omnipotent
Someone or something that is omnipotent has complete power over things or people. (FORMAL)

- Doug lived in the shadow of his seemingly omnipotent father.

- ...the omnipotent power of an author.

ADJ
= all-powerful

omnipotent

adjective

almighty

all-powerful

supreme

omnipresent

[D.J.:ɔmniˈprezənt]

[K.K.:ˌɑmnɪˈprɛzənt]

adj.

无所不在的,同时遍在的

omnipresent

omnipresent
Something that is omnipresent is present everywhere or seems to be always present. (FORMAL)

- The sound of sirens was an omnipresent background noise in New York.

- The obsessive thoughts became so omnipresent that her memory was affected.

ADJ-GRADED
= pervasive

omniscience

[ɔmˈnisiəns]

n.

全知,全知者,上帝

omniscient

[D.J.:ɔmˈnɪʃənt]

[K.K.:ɑmˈnɪʃənt]

adj.

无所不知的

omniscience

n.

omniscient

1. omniscient
If you describe someone as omniscient , you mean they know or seem to know everything. (FORMAL)

- ...a benevolent and omniscient deity...

- We all, long ago, expected teachers to be omniscient.

ADJ

2. omniscience

- ...the divine attributes of omnipotence, benevolence and omniscience.

N-UNCOUNT

omniscient

adjective

all-knowing

all-wise

omnivorous

[D.J.:ɔmˈnɪvərəs]

[K.K.:ɑmˈnɪvərəs]

adj.

(尤指动物)杂食性的, 肉草兼食的

对任何事物均感兴趣的;什么书都看的

omnivorous

1. omnivorous
An omnivorous person or animal eats all kinds of food, including both meat and plants. (TECHNICAL or FORMAL)

- Brown bears are omnivorous, eating anything that they can get their paws on.

ADJ

2. omnivorous
Omnivorous means liking a wide variety of things of a particular type. (FORMAL)

- As a child, Coleridge seems to have developed omnivorous reading habits.

ADJ
= wide-ranging

on

[D.J.:ɔn]

[K.K.:ɑn, ɔn]

prep.

(表示位置)在…上, 在…旁, 在…身边

(表示时间)在…之时

(表示方向)向, 往, 朝; 沿着, 顺着

(表示状态)系于, 悬于; 附于

(表示方式)乘, 坐, 骑

(表示对象)对, 对于, 碰在, 对…造成困难

(表示原因)由于, 因为

(表示比较)与…相比

(表示方位)在…方位

adv.

(放, 穿, 连接)上

向前, (继续)下去

on *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, on is used after some verbs, nouns, and adjectives in order to introduce extra information. On is also used in phrasal verbs such as `keep on', `cotton on', and `sign on'.)

1. on
If someone or something is on a surface or object, the surface or object is immediately below them and is supporting their weight.

- He is sitting beside her on the sofa.

- On top of the cupboards are vast straw baskets which Pat uses for dried flower arrangements.

- On the table were dishes piled high with sweets.

- The cushions were soft blue to match the Chinese rug on the floor.

PREP

2. on
If something is on a surface or object, it is stuck to it or attached to it.

- I admired the peeling paint on the ceiling.

- The clock on the wall showed one minute to twelve.

- There was a smear of gravy on his chin.

PREP

3. on
Also an adverb.

- I know how to darn, and how to sew a button on.

ADV: ADV after v

4. on
If you put, throw, or drop something on a surface, you move it or drop it so that it is then supported by the surface.

- He got his winter jacket from the closet and dropped it on the sofa.

- He threw a folded dollar on the counter.

PREP
= onto

5. on
You use on to say what part of your body is supporting your weight.

- He continued to lie on his back and look at clouds.

- He raised himself on his elbows, squinting into the sun.

- She was on her hands and knees in the bathroom.

PREP

6. on
You use on to say that someone or something touches a part of a person's body.

- He leaned down and kissed her lightly on the mouth.

- His jaw was broken after he was hit on the head.

PREP

7. on
If someone has a particular expression on their face, their face has that expression.

- The maid looked at him, a nervous smile on her face.

- She looked at him with a hurt expression on her face.

PREP: n PREP n

8. on
When you put a piece of clothing on , you place it over part of your body in order to wear it. If you have it on , you are wearing it.

- He put his coat on while she opened the front door.

- I had a hat on.

ADV: ADV after v

9. on
You can say that you have something on you if you are carrying it in your pocket or in a bag.

- I didn't have any money on me.

- I have those numbers, but not on me at the moment, they're at home.

PREP: PREP pron

10. on
If someone's eyes are on you, they are looking or staring at you.

- Everyone's eyes were fixed on him.

- It's as if all eyes are focused on me.

- Ellen is eating, her eyes on her food.

PREP

11. on
If you hurt yourself on something, you accidentally hit a part of your body against it and that thing causes damage to you.

- Mr Pendle hit his head on a wall as he fell.

- One day when my wife was doing the dishes she cut her hand on a broken glass.

PREP

12. on
If you are on an area of land, you are there.

- He was able to spend only a few days at a time on the island.

- You lived on the farm until you came back to America?

- ...a tall tree on a mountain.

- ...their winter retreat on Barbados...

- I've eaten ostrich meat on the continent.

PREP

13. on
If something is situated on a place such as a road or coast, it forms part of it or is by the side of it.

- Bergdorf Goodman has opened a men's store on Fifth Avenue.

- The hotel is on the coast.

- He visited relatives at their summer house on the river.

PREP

14. on
If you get on a bus, train, or plane, you go into it in order to travel somewhere. If you are on it, you are travelling in it.

- We waited till twelve and we finally got on the plane.

- I never go on the bus into the town.

- His son came up with me to Birmingham every day on the train.

PREP

15. on
Also an adverb.

- He showed his ticket to the conductor and got on.

ADV: ADV after v

16. on
If there is something on a piece of paper, it has been written or printed there.

- The writing on the back of the card was cramped but scrupulously neat.

- The numbers she put on the chart were 98.4, 64, and 105.

- How does a poem change when you read it out loud as opposed to it being on the page?

PREP

17. on
If something is on a list, it is included in it.

- I've seen your name on the list of deportees.

- The Queen now doesn't even appear on the list of the 40 richest people in Britain.

- The range of topics on the agenda for their talks includes the future of Germany.

PREP

18. on
Books, discussions, or ideas on a particular subject are concerned with that subject.

- The longest chapter in almost any book on baby care is on feeding.

- They offer a free counselling service which can offer help and advice on legal matters.

- He declined to give any information on the Presidential election.

- China's comments on the US decision were relatively restrained.

PREP

19. on
You use on to introduce the method, principle, or system which is used to do something.

- ...a television that we bought on credit two months ago.

- ...a levelling system which acts on the same principle as a spirit level...

- They want all groups to be treated on an equal basis.

PREP

20. on
If something is done on an instrument or a machine, it is done using that instrument or machine.

- ...songs that I could just sit down and play on the piano...

- I could do all my work on the computer.

- She sewed the dresses on the sewing machine.

PREP

21. on
If information is, for example, on tape or on computer, that is the way that it is stored.

- `I thought it was a load of rubbish.' --- `Right we've got that on tape.'.

- Descriptions of the pieces have been logged on computer by the Art Loss Register.

- A special version of `Casablanca' is being released on video to commemorate the film's 50th birthday.

PREP

22. on
If something is being broadcast, you can say that it is on the radio or television.

- Every sporting event on television and satellite over the next seven days is listed.

- Here, listen, they're talking about it on Radio-Paris right now.

PREP

23. on
Also an adjective.

- ...teenagers complaining there's nothing good on.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

24. on
When an activity is taking place, you can say that it is on .

- There's a marvellous match on at Wimbledon at the moment.

- Every year they put a play on at Saint Holy Cross Church.

- We in Berlin hardly knew a war was on during the early part of 1941.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

25. on
You use on in expressions such as ` have a lot on ' and ` not have very much on ' to indicate how busy someone is. (SPOKEN)

- I have a lot on in the next week.

ADV: ADV after v, amount ADV

26. on
You use on to introduce an activity that someone is doing, particularly travelling.

- I've always wanted to go on a cruise.

- They look happy and relaxed as they stroll in the sunshine on a shopping trip.

- Students on the full-time course of study are usually sponsored.

- He died suddenly while on a skiing holiday with his family in Val d'Isere.

PREP

27. on
When something such as a machine or an electric light is on , it is functioning or in use. When you switch it on , it starts functioning.

- The light was on and the door was open.

- The central heating's been turned off. I've turned it on again.

- The light had been left on.

- He didn't bother to switch on the light.

ADV: be ADV, ADV after v
≠ off

28. on
If you are on a committee or council, you are a member of it.

- Claire and Beryl were on the organizing committee.

- He was on the Council of Foreign Relations.

PREP

29. on
You can indicate when something happens by saying that it happens on a particular day or date.

- This year's event will take place on June 19th, a week earlier than usual.

- She travels to Korea on Monday.

- I was born on Christmas day.

- I took some photos with her camera on my birthday.

- Dr. Keen arrived about seven on Sunday morning.

PREP

30. on
You use on when mentioning an event that was followed by another one.

- She waited in her hotel to welcome her children on their arrival from London.

- On reaching Dubai the evacuees are taken straight to Dubai international airport.

PREP: PREP n/-ing

31. on
You use on to say that someone is continuing to do something.

- They walked on in silence for a while.

- If the examination shows your company enjoys basically good health, read on.

- He happened to be in England when the war broke out and he just stayed on.

ADV: ADV after v

32. on
If you say that someone goes on at you, you mean that they continually criticize you, complain to you, or ask you to do something.

- She's been on at me for weeks to show her round the stables.

- He used to keep on at me about the need to win.

- He'll go on at me for telling.

- She hadn't learned to drive, but she had kept going on at him to let her try.

ADV: be ADV, ADV after v, usu ADV at n

33. on
You use on in expressions such as from now on and from then on to indicate that something starts to happen at the time mentioned and continues to happen afterwards.

- Perhaps it would be best not to see much of you from now on.

- We can expect trouble from this moment on.

- Morrison took the news badly and from then on his spirits noticeably sagged.

ADV: from n ADV
= onwards

34. on
You often use on after the adverbs `early', `late', `far', and their comparative forms, especially at the beginning or end of a sentence, or before a preposition.

- The market square is a riot of colour and animation from early on in the morning.

- Later on I learned how to read music.

- The pub where I had arranged to meet Nobby was a good five minutes walk further on.

ADV: adv ADV

35. on
Someone who is on a drug takes it regularly.

- She was on antibiotics for an eye infection that wouldn't go away.

- Many of the elderly are on medication.

PREP

36. on
If you live on a particular kind of food, you eat it. If a machine runs on a particular kind of power or fuel, it uses it in order to function.

- The caterpillars feed on a wide range of trees, shrubs and plants.

- He lived on a diet of water and tinned fish.

- The system could be used to ensure that cars are converted to run on unleaded petrol.

- ...making and selling vehicles that run on batteries or fuel-cells.

PREP: v PREP n
= off

37. on
If you are on a particular income, that is the income that you have.

- ...young people who are unemployed or on low wages...

- He's on three hundred a week.

- You won't be rich as an MP, but you'll have enough to live on.

PREP

38. on
Taxes or profits that are obtained from something are referred to as taxes or profits on it.

- ...a general strike to protest a tax on food and medicine last week...

- The Church was to receive a cut of the profits on every record sold.

- Loans were extended to help pay the interest on the old ones.

PREP: n PREP n

39. on
When you buy something or pay for something, you spend money on it.

- I resolved not to waste money on a hotel.

- He spent more on feeding the dog than he spent on feeding himself.

- More money should be spent on education and housing.

PREP: PREP n/-ing

40. on
When you spend time or energy on a particular activity, you spend time or energy doing it.

- People complain about how children spend so much time on computer games.

- You all know why I am here. So I won't waste time on preliminaries.

- ...the opportunity to concentrate more time and energy on America's domestic agenda.

PREP: PREP n/-ing

41. on
If you say that something is not on or is just not on , you mean that it is unacceptable or impossible. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I'm not having children who don't like cheese. It's not on.

- We shouldn't use the police in that way. It's just not on.

PHR: v-link PHR

42. on
If you say that something happens on and on , you mean that it continues to happen for a very long time.

- ...designers, builders, fitters -- the list goes on and on...

- Lobell drove on and on through the dense and blowing snow.

- ...a desert of ice stretching on and on.

PHR: usu PHR after v

43. on
If you ask someone what they are on about or what they are going on about , you are puzzled because you cannot understand what they are talking about. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- What on earth are you going on about?.

- Honest, Kate, I don't know what you're on about.

PHR: V inflects

44. on
If you say that someone knows what they are on about , you are confident that what they are saying is true or makes sense, for example because they are an expert. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- It looks like he knows what he's on about.

PHR: Vs inflect

45. on
If someone has something on you, they have evidence that you have done something wrong or bad. If they have nothing on you, they cannot prove that you have done anything wrong or bad. (INFORMAL)

- He may have something on her. He may have supplied her with drugs, and then threatened to tell if she didn't do this.

- You've got nothing on me and you know it. Your theory would never stand up in a court of law.

PHR: V inflects

once

[D.J.:wʌns]

[K.K.:wʌns]

adv.

一次

曾经, 昔时

conj.

一旦…就…

n.

〈口〉一次, 一回

once *****

1. once
If something happens once , it happens one time only.

- I met Wilma once, briefly.

- Since that evening I haven't once slept through the night.

- Mary had only been to Manchester once before.

ADV: ADV with v

2. once
Also a pronoun.

- `Have they been to visit you yet?' --- `Just the once, yeah.'.

- Listen to us, if only this once.

PRON: the/this PRON

3. once
You use once with `a' and words like `day', `week', and `month' to indicate that something happens regularly, one time in each day, week, or month.

- Lung cells die and are replaced about once a week.

- We arranged a special social event once a year to which we invited our major customers.

ADV: ADV a n

4. once
You use once with `every' and words like `day', `week', and `year' to indicate that something happens a specified number of times and on a regular basis.

- The patient was seen for follow-up visits once every three months.

- My daughter comes to visit me once every fortnight.

ADV: ADV every n, ADV every num n

5. once
If something was once true, it was true at some time in the past, but is no longer true.

- The culture minister once ran a theatre.

- I lived there once myself, before I got married.

- The house where she lives was once the village post office.

- My memory isn't as good as it once was.

- ...an undulating park, once lovely but now ruined by new buildings.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV with be , ADV with group/cl

6. once
If someone once did something, they did it at some time in the past.

- I once went camping at Lake Darling with a friend.

- We once walked across London at two in the morning.

- Diana had taken that path once.

ADV: ADV with v

7. once
If something happens once another thing has happened, it happens immediately afterwards.

- The decision had taken about 10 seconds once he'd read a market research study.

- Once customers come to rely on these systems they almost never take their business elsewhere.

- Once inside her apartment she felt an urge to brush her teeth.

CONJ-SUBORD

8. once
If something happens all at once , it happens suddenly, often when you are not expecting it to happen.

- I feel terribly sleepy all at once.

- All at once there was someone knocking on the door.

PHR: PHR with cl
= all of a sudden

9. once
If you do something at once , you do it immediately.

- I have to go, I really must, at once.

- Remove from the heat, add the parsley, toss and serve at once.

- The audience at once greeted it warmly.

PHR: PHR with v
= immediately

10. once
If a number of different things happen at once or all at once , they all happen at the same time.

- You can't be doing two things at once.

- No bank could ever pay off its creditors if they all demanded their money at once.

- She seems at once feminine and able to cope in a man's world.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR adj/n and adj/n

11. once
For once is used to emphasize that something happens on this particular occasion, especially if it has never happened before, and may never happen again.

- For once, dad is not complaining.

- His smile, for once, was genuine.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

12. once
If something happens once again or once more , it happens again.

- Amy picked up the hairbrush and smoothed her hair once more.

- Once again an official inquiry has spoken of weak management and ill-trained workers.

PHR: PHR with v, PHR with cl

13. once
If something happens once and for all , it happens completely or finally.

- We have to resolve this matter once and for all.

- If we act fast, we can once and for all prevent wild animals in Britain from suffering terrible cruelty.

PHR: PHR with v emphasis

14. once
If something happens once in a while , it happens sometimes, but not very often.

- Your body, like any other machine, needs a full service once in a while.

- Once in a while she phoned him.

PHR: PHR with cl
= now and again

15. once
If you have done something once or twice , you have done it a few times, but not very often.

- I popped my head round the door once or twice.

- Once or twice she had caught a flash of interest in William's eyes.

- She gazed up at him, blinking once or twice, apparently surprised at his cleverness.

PHR: PHR with cl, PHR with v
= occasionally

16. once
Once upon a time is used to indicate that something happened or existed a long time ago or in an imaginary world. It is often used at the beginning of children's stories.

- `Once upon a time,' he began, `there was a man who had everything.'.

- Once upon a time, asking a woman if she has a job was quite a straightforward question.

PHR: PHR with cl

once

adverb

1.

formerly

at one time

long ago

once upon a time

previously

at once

2.

immediately

directly

forthwith

instantly

now

right away

straight away

this (very) minute

simultaneously

at the same time

together

once-over

[D.J.:ˈwʌnsəuvə]

[K.K.:ˈwʌnsˌovɚ]

n.

浏览一遍,草草过目,草率的工作

once-over

once-over
If you give something or someone the once-over , you quickly look at or examine them. (INFORMAL)

- She gave the apartment a once-over.

PHR: V inflects, PHR after v

oncoming

[D.J.:ˈɔnˌkʌmɪŋ, ˈɔ:n-]

[K.K.:ˈɑnˌkʌmɪŋ, ˈɔn-]

adj.

迎面而来的;即将到来的

oncoming

oncoming
Oncoming means moving towards you.

- She was thrown from his car after it skidded into the path of an oncoming car.

- ...the oncoming cold of winter.

ADJ: ADJ n

oncoming

adjective

approaching

advancing

forthcoming

looming

onrushing

one

[D.J.:wʌn]

[K.K.:wʌn]

num.

(数字)一

n.

一个人, 任何人, 人们

(表示与别的对照)某一例〔类〕

pron.

用于代替表示单个的事或人的名词或名词短语

you, etc. are a one!

(表示某人的行为令人惊讶或滑稽)你可真行，可了不得

as one

一致地；全体；同时

(be) at one (with sb/sth)

(与…)完全一致，融为一体；赞同(…)

be (a) one for (doing) sth

喜欢(或经常、长于)做某事

be/get/have one up on sb

胜过一筹；强过某人

I, you, etc. for one

(用于加强语气)我(或你等)就是其中之一

get/put one over on sb/sth

占上风； 胜过；占优势

(you’ve, he’s, etc.) got it in one

一下子明白(或猜到)

have had one too many

喝多了

in one

集于一身；合为一体

it’s a hundred, etc. to one that sb/sth will (not) do sth

几乎可以肯定…(不)会做某事

one after another/the other

一个接一个地；相继

one and all

各位；大家；每个人

the one and only

(用于强调)有名的，绝无仅有的， 唯一的

one and the same

(表示强调)就是同一个

one by one

一个接一个；逐一

when you’ve seen, heard, etc. one, you’ve seen, heard, etc. them all

都差不多；大同小异

adj.

某一个

某一

同一个

惟一的

one *****

1. one
One is the number 1.

- They had three sons and one daughter.

- ...one thousand years ago...

- Scotland beat England one-nil at Wembley.

- ...one of the children killed in the crash.

NUM

2. one
If you say that someone or something is the one person or thing of a particular kind, you are emphasizing that they are the only person or thing of that kind.

- They had alienated the one man who knew the business.

- His one regret is that he has never learned a language.

ADJ: det ADJ emphasis
= only

3. one
One can be used instead of `a' to emphasize the following noun.

- There is one thing I would like to know -- What is it about Tim that you find so irresistible?.

- One person I hate is Russ.

DET: DET sing-n emphasis

4. one
You can use one instead of `a' to emphasize the following adjective or expression. (INFORMAL)

- If we ever get married we'll have one terrific wedding.

- It's like one enormous street carnival here.

DET: DET adj sing-n emphasis

5. one
You can use one in front of someone's name to indicate that you have not met them or heard of them before. (FORMAL)

- It seems that the fifth man is one John Cairncross.

DET: DET n-proper
= a certain

6. one
You can use one to refer to the first of two or more things that you are comparing.

- Prices vary from one shop to another.

- The road hugs the coast for hundreds of miles, the South China Sea on one side, jungle on the other.

DET: DET sing-n

7. one
Also an adjective.

- We ask why peace should have an apparent chance in the one territory and not the other.

ADJ: det ADJ

8. one
Also a pronoun.

- The twins were dressed differently and one was thinner than the other.

PRON

9. one
You can use one or ones instead of a noun when it is clear what type of thing or person you are referring to and you are describing them or giving more information about them.

- They are selling their house to move to a smaller one.

- We test each one to see that it flies well.

PRON

10. one
You use ones to refer to people in general.

- We are the only ones who know.

PRON

11. one
You can use one instead of a noun group when you have just mentioned something and you want to describe it or give more information about it.

- His response is one of anger and frustration.

- The issue of land reform was one that dominated Hungary's parliamentary elections.

PRON: PRON of n, PRON that

12. one
You can use one when you have been talking or writing about a group of people or things and you want to say something about a particular member of the group.

- `A college degree isn't enough', said one honors student.

DET: DET sing-n

13. one
Also a pronoun.

- Some of them couldn't eat a thing. One couldn't even drink.

PRON

14. one
You use one in expressions such as ` one of the biggest airports ' or ` one of the most experienced players ' to indicate that something or someone is bigger or more experienced than most other things or people of the same kind.

- Subaru is one of the smallest Japanese car makers.

QUANT: QUANT of adj-superl

15. one
You can use one when referring to a time in the past or in the future. For example, if you say that you did something one day , you mean that you did it on a day in the past.

- How would you like to have dinner one night, just you and me?.

- Then one evening Harry phoned, asking me to come to their flat as soon as possible.

DET: DET sing-n
one day : see day .

16. one
You can use one to refer to a question, joke, remark, or subject of discussion.

- This is a tricky one to answer.

- Have you heard the one about the Irishman, the Englishman and the American?.

- I told him I'd have to think about that one.

PRON: with supp

17. one
You can use one to refer to an alcoholic drink. (INFORMAL)

- Other members of the committee drifted in for a quick one before closing time.

PRON

18. one
You use one to make statements about people in general which also apply to themselves. One can be used as the subject or object of a sentence. (FORMAL)

- If one looks at the longer run, a lot of positive things are happening.

- Where does one go from there?.

- Shares and bonds can bring one quite a considerable additional income.

PRON

19. one
If a group of people does something as one , all the people do the same thing at the same time or in the same way. (WRITTEN)

- The 40,000 crowd rose as one.

PHR: PHR after v

20. one
If you say that someone is one for or is a one for something, you mean that they like or approve of it or enjoy doing it.

- I'm not one for political discussions.

- She was a real one for flirting with the boys.

PHR: oft with brd-neg, v-link PHR n/-ing

21. one
You can use for one to emphasize that a particular person is definitely reacting or behaving in a particular way, even if other people are not.

- I, for one, hope you don't get the job.

PHR: PHR before v emphasis

22. one
You can use expressions such as a hundred and one , a thousand and one , and a million and one to emphasize that you are talking about a large number of things or people.

- There are a hundred and one ways in which you can raise money.

PHR: usu PHR pl-n emphasis

23. one
You can use in one to indicate that something is a single unit, but is made up of several different parts or has several different functions.

- ...a love story and an adventure all in one...

- This cream moisturises and repairs in one.

PHR: pl-n PHR, PHR after v

24. one
You can use in ones and twos to indicate that people do things or something happens gradually and in small groups.

- They lose interest and start drifting away in ones and twos.

PHR: PHR with cl

25. one
You use one after the other or one after another to say that actions or events happen with very little time between them.

- My three guitars broke one after the other.

- One after another, people described how hard it is for them to get medical care.

PHR: PHR with cl

26. one
The one and only can be used in front of the name of an actor, singer, or other famous person when they are being introduced on a show.

- ...one of the greatest ever rock performers, the one and only Tina Turner.

PHR: PHR n-proper

27. one
You can use one by one to indicate that people do things or that things happen in sequence, not all at the same time.

- We went into the room one by one.

- One by one the houses burst into flames.

PHR: PHR with cl

28. one
You use one or other to refer to one or more things or people in a group, when it does not matter which particular one or ones are thought of or chosen.

- One or other of the two women was wrong.

PHR: usu PHR of pl-n

29. one
One or two means a few.

- We may make one or two changes.

- I've also sold one or two to an American publisher.

- I asked one or two of the stallholders about it.

PHR: oft PHR pl-n, PHR of pl-n
= a few

30. one
If you say that someone is not one to do something, you think that it is very unlikely that they would do it because it is not their normal behaviour.

- I'm not one to waste time on just anyone.

PHR: PHR to-inf, usu v-link PHR

31. one
If you try to get one up on someone, you try to gain an advantage over them.

- ...the competitive kind who will see this as the opportunity to be one up on you.

PHR: PHR n, usu v-link PHR, PHR after v

one-armed bandit

one-armed bandit one-armed bandits
A one-armed bandit is the same as a fruit machine .
N-COUNT

one-horse

[D.J.:ˈwʌnˈhɔ:s]

[K.K.:ˈwʌnˈhɔrs]

adj.

单马拉的,〈口〉小的,偏僻的,设备简陋的

one-horse

1. one-horse
If someone describes a town as a one-horse town, they mean it is very small, dull, and old-fashioned.

- Would you want to live in a small, one-horse town for your whole life?

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

2. one-horse
If a contest is described as a one-horse race, it is thought that one person or thing will obviously win it.

- He described the referendum as a one-horse race.

- Last season looked to be a one-horse race for much of the time, with the reigning champions coasting to an 11-point lead.

ADJ: ADJ n

one-liner

[D.J.:ˈwʌnˈlaɪnə]

[K.K.:ˈwʌnˈlaɪnɚ]

n.

俏皮话,打趣的话

one-liner

one-liner one-liners
A one-liner is a funny remark or a joke told in one sentence, for example in a play or comedy programme. (INFORMAL)

- The book is witty and peppered with good one-liners.

N-COUNT

one-man

[D.J.:ˈwʌnˌmæn]

[K.K.:ˈwʌnˌmæn]

adj.

个人的,仅一人的,仅供一人的

one-man *

1. one-man
A one-man performance is given by only one man rather than by several people.

- I saw him do his one-man show in London, which I loved.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. one-man
A one-man organization, such as a business or type of government is controlled by one person, rather than by several people.

- It has grown from a one-man business to a multi-million dollar business with close to $10 million in assets.

- He established one-man rule in his country seven months ago.

ADJ: ADJ n

one-man band

one-man band one-man bands
A one-man band is a street entertainer who wears and plays a lot of different instruments at the same time.
N-COUNT

one-night stand

one-night stand one-night stands
A one-night stand is a very brief sexual relationship, usually one that is casual and perhaps only lasts one night. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

one-of-a-kind

one-of-a-kind
You use one-of-a-kind to describe something that is special because there is nothing else exactly like it. (mainly AM)

- ...a small one-of-a-kind publishing house.

ADJ: ADJ n
= unique

one-off

[D.J.:ˈwʌnˌɔ:f, -ˌɔf]

[K.K.:ˈwʌnˌɔf, -ˌɑf]

adj.

一次性的

n.

一次性事物

one-off **

1. one-off one-offs
You can refer to something as a one-off when it is made or happens only once. (mainly BRIT)

- Our survey revealed that these allergies were mainly one-offs.

N-COUNT

2. one-off
A one-off thing is made or happens only once. (mainly BRIT)

- ...one-off cash benefits.

ADJ: ADJ n

one-on-one

1. one-on-one
A one-on-one situation, meeting, or contest involves only two people.

- ...a one-on-one therapy session.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= one-to-one

2. one-on-one
Also an adverb.

- Talking one-on-one with people is not his idea of fun.

ADV: ADV after v

3. one-on-one
Also a noun.

- Holloway was beaten in a one-on-one with Miklosko just before half-time.

N-SING: oft N with n

one-parent family

one-parent family one-parent families
A one-parent family is a family that consists of one parent and his or her children living together.

- I have been brought up in a one-parent family by my mother.

N-COUNT

one-piece

[D.J.:ˈwʌnˌpi:s]

[K.K.:ˈwʌnˌpis]

adj.

(衣服等)整块的,上下连在一起的,连衣裙的

n.

连衣裙

one-piece *

1. one-piece
A one-piece article of clothing consists of one piece only, rather than two or more separate parts.

- ...a blue one-piece bathing suit.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. one-piece one-pieces
A one-piece is a type of woman's swimming costume that consists of one piece of material and which covers her chest.

- A one-piece is more flattering than a bikini.

N-COUNT

onerous

[D.J.:ˈɔnərəs, ˈəʊnə-]

[K.K.:ˈɑnərəs, ˈonə-]

adj.

困难的;沉重的;繁重的

onerously

adv.

繁重地,艰巨地

onerousness

n.

繁重,艰巨

onerous *

onerous
If you describe a task as onerous , you dislike having to do it because you find it difficult or unpleasant. (FORMAL)

- ...parents who have had the onerous task of bringing up a very difficult child.

ADJ-GRADED
= burdensome

onerous

adjective

difficult

burdensome

demanding

exacting

hard

heavy

laborious

oppressive

taxing

one's ***

1. one's
Speakers and writers use one's to indicate that something belongs or relates to people in general, or to themselves in particular. (FORMAL)

- ...a feeling of responsibility for the welfare of others in one's community...

- It seems to me a fatal illusion to expect one's children simply to reproduce one's own views.

DET-POSS
= your

2. one's
One's can be used as a spoken form of `one is' or `one has', especially when `has' is an auxiliary verb.

- No one's going to hurt you. No one. Not any more.

- I think one's got to consider all the possibilities.

See one .

oneself

[D.J.:wʌnˈself]

[K.K.:wʌnˈsɛlf]

pron.

(one的反身代词)自己

(用于加强语气)亲自

oneself *

( Oneself is a third person singular reflexive pronoun.)

1. oneself
A speaker or writer uses oneself as the object of a verb or preposition in a clause where `oneself' meaning `me' or `any person in general' refers to the same person as the subject of the verb. (FORMAL)

- One must apply oneself to the present and keep one's eyes firmly fixed on one's future goals.

- To work one must have time to oneself.

PRON-REFL

2. oneself
Oneself can be used as the object of a verb or preposition, when `one' is not present but is understood to be the subject of the verb. (FORMAL)

- The historic feeling of the town makes it a pleasant place to base oneself for summer vacations.

- The only guarantee of having a cabin to oneself is by travelling first class.

- It's so easy to feel sorry for oneself.

- The doll-like figures in these stories are unlike anybody, let alone oneself.

PRON-REFL

3. oneself
To do something oneself means to do it without any help from anyone else. (FORMAL)

- It is a very rewarding exercise to work this out oneself.

- Some things one must do oneself.

PRON-REFL-EMPH
= alone

4. oneself
You use oneself to emphasize that something happens to you rather than to people in general. (FORMAL)

- It is better to die oneself than to kill.

PRON-REFL-EMPH emphasis

one-sided

[D.J.:ˌwʌnˈsaidid]

[K.K.:ˈwʌnˈsaɪdɪd]

adj.

只见问题一面的,片面的

one-sided *

1. one-sided
If you say that an activity or relationship is one-sided , you think that one of the people or groups involved does much more than the other or is much stronger than the other.

- The negotiating was completely one-sided.

- Muster needed just 72 minutes to win the one-sided match, 6-2, 6-3.

ADJ-GRADED

2. one-sided
If you describe someone as one-sided , you are critical of what they say or do because you think it shows that they have considered only one side of an issue or event.

- The organisation still believes the government is being one sided.

- There has been a very one-sided account of her problems with Ted.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= biased

one-sided

adjective

biased

lopsided

partial

partisan

prejudiced

unfair

unjust

one-stop

[D.J.:ˈwʌnˌstɔp]

[K.K.:ˈwʌnˌstɑp]

adj.

单独一处就可以提供各种服务的

one-stop

one-stop
A one-stop shop is a place where you can buy everything you need for a particular purpose.

- A marvellous discovery for every bride-to-be, The Wedding Centre is the ultimate one-stop shop.

ADJ: ADJ n

one-time

[D.J.:ˈwʌnˌtaɪm]

[K.K.:ˈwʌnˌtaɪm]

adj.

以前的,古时的

one-time **

one-time
One-time is used to describe something such as a job, position, or role which someone used to have, or something which happened in the past. (JOURNALISM)

- She's 87 years old, and a one-time member of the Ziegfeld Follies.

- The legislative body had voted to oust the country's onetime rulers.

ADJ: ADJ n also onetime .
= former

one-to-one

[D.J.:ˈwʌntəˈwʌn]

[K.K.:ˈwʌntəˈwʌn]

adj.

一对一的,成对比的

one-to-one *

1. one-to-one
In a one-to-one relationship, one person deals directly with only one other person.

- ...one-to-one training.

- ...negotiating on a one-to-one basis.

ADJ: ADJ n
= individual

2. one-to-one
Also an adverb.

- She would like to talk to people one to one.

ADV: ADV after v

3. one-to-one
If there is a one-to-one match between two sets of things, each member of one set matches a member of the other set.

- In English, there is not a consistent one-to-one match between each written symbol and each distinct spoken sound.

ADJ: ADJ n

one-upmanship

n.

高人一等的作风

one-upmanship

one-upmanship
If you refer to someone's behaviour as one-upmanship , you disapprove of them trying to make other people feel inferior in order to make themselves appear more important.

- It was the expression of a man who'd won a trifling game of one-upmanship.

- ...political one-upmanship.

N-UNCOUNT: oft supp N disapproval

one-way

[D.J.:ˈwʌnˈweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈwʌnˈwe]

adj.

单行道的

one-way *

1. one-way
In one-way streets or traffic systems, vehicles can only travel along in one direction.

- ...Gotham's maze of no-thoroughfares and one-way streets.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. one-way
One-way describes journeys which go to just one place, rather than to that place and then back again.

- The trailers will be rented for one-way trips.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. one-way
A one-way ticket or fare is for a journey from one place to another, but not back again. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use single )

- ...a one-way ticket from New York to Los Angeles.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= single ≠ round-trip return

4. one-way
Also an adverb.

- Unrestricted fares will be increased as much as $80 one-way.

ADV: ADV after v

5. one-way
If you say that a course of action is a one-way ticket to a place or situation, or is a one-way journey there, you are sure that it will lead to the place or situation mentioned.

- It seemed like a one-way ticket to riches, but then it all went wrong.

- Smoking is a one-way ticket to doom and is probably the most important single preventable cause of heart disease.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. one-way
One-way glass or a one-way mirror is a piece of glass which acts as a mirror when looked at from one side, but acts as a window when looked through from the other side. They are used for watching people without their knowledge.

- From the observation booth, we watched Ted and his therapist through the one-way glass.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

one-woman

one-woman
A one-woman performance or business is done by only one woman, rather than by several people.

- She has already presented a one-woman show of her paintings.

ADJ: ADJ n

ongoing

[D.J.:ˈɔnˌgəʊɪŋ, ˈɔ:n-]

[K.K.:ˈɑnˌɡoɪŋ, ˈɔn-]

adj.

继续进行的;不断前进〔发展〕中的

ongoing **

ongoing
An ongoing situation has been happening for quite a long time and seems likely to continue for some time in the future.

- There is an ongoing debate on the issue.

- That research is ongoing.

ADJ

ongoing

adjective

evolving

continuous

developing

progressing

unfinished

unfolding

onion

[D.J.:ˈʌnjən]

[K.K.:ˈʌnjən]

n.

洋葱(头)

(食物)洋葱, 葱头

onion **

onion onions
An onion is a small round vegetable with a brown skin that grows underground. It has many white layers on its inside which have a strong, sharp smell and taste.

- Will you chop an onion up for me?.

- It is made with fresh minced meat, cooked with onion and a rich tomato sauce.

- ...onion soup.

N-VAR

online

[D.J.:ˌɔnˈlain]

adj.

(计算机)联机的, (与计算机)联线的

online

1. online
If a company goes online , its services become available on the Internet.

- ...the first bank to go online.

- ...an online shopping centre.

- ...an online catalogue.

ADJ also on-line

2. online
If you are online , your computer is connected to the Internet.

- You can chat to other people who are online.

ADJ also on-line

3. online
Also an adverb.

- ...the cool stuff you find online.

ADV: ADV after v also on-line
on line : see line .

onlooker

[D.J.:ˈɔnˌlʊkə, ˈɔ:n-]

[K.K.:ˈɑnˌlʊkɚ, ˈɔn-]

n.

旁观者, 观看者

onlooker *

onlooker onlookers
An onlooker is someone who watches an event take place but does not take part in it.

- A handful of onlookers stand in the field watching.

N-COUNT
= spectator

onlooker

noun

observer

bystander

eyewitness

looker-on

spectator

viewer

watcher

witness

only

[D.J.:ˈəunli]

[K.K.:ˈonli]

adj.

惟一的, 仅有的

最好的, 独一无二的

adv.

只有, 才

conj.

〈非正〉 只是, 但是

only *****

(In written English, only is usually placed immediately before the word it qualifies. In spoken English, however, you can use stress to indicate what only qualifies, so its position is not so important.)

1. only
You use only to indicate the one thing that is true, appropriate, or necessary in a particular situation, in contrast to all the other things that are not true, appropriate, or necessary.

- Only the President could authorize the use of the atomic bomb.

- ...the guidance and discipline that can be provided only by a strong male...

- Only here were the police visible in any strength at all.

- 44-year-old woman seeks caring, honest male of similar age for friendship and fun. Genuine replies only.

- A business can only be built and expanded on a sound financial base.

- It's true that I seem to have forgotten you, but it only seems that way.

ADV: ADV with group, ADV before v

2. only
You use only to introduce the thing which must happen before the thing mentioned in the main part of the sentence can happen.

- The lawyer is paid only if he wins.

- The Bank of England insists that it will cut interest rates only when it is ready.

- Dark matter gives out no light and is detectable only because of its gravitational effect on visible matter.

ADV: ADV cl/prep

3. only
If you talk about the only person or thing involved in a particular situation, you mean there are no others involved in it.

- She was the only woman in Shell's legal department.

- The only thing I have is television and these four walls.

- That left Mr Dertliev as the only candidate.

ADJ: det ADJ

4. only
An only child is a child who has no brothers or sisters.
ADJ: ADJ n

5. only
You use only to indicate that something is no more important, interesting, or difficult, for example, than you say it is, especially when you want to correct a wrong idea that someone may get or has already got.

- At the moment it is only a theory.

- `I'm only a sergeant,' said Clements.

- Don't get defensive, Charlie. I was only joking.

ADV: ADV group, ADV before v
= just

6. only
You use only to emphasize how small an amount is or how short a length of time is.

- Child car seats only cost about £10 a week to hire.

- ...spacecraft guidance systems weighing only a few grams...

- My father allowed me only a sip or two of wine with each meal.

- I've only recently met him.

ADV: ADV n/adv emphasis
= just

7. only
You use only to emphasize that you are talking about a small part of an amount or group, not the whole of it.

- These are only a few of the possibilities.

- Only a minority of the people supported the Revolution.

ADV: ADV n emphasis
= just

8. only
Only is used after `can' or `could' to emphasize that it is impossible to do anything except the rather inadequate or limited action that is mentioned.

- For a moment I could say nothing. I could only stand and look.

- The police can only guess at the scale of the problem.

ADV: modal ADV inf emphasis

9. only
You can use only in the expressions I only wish or I only hope in order to emphasize what you are hoping or wishing.

- I only wish he were here now that things are getting better for me.

- We can only hope that the elephants can recover.

ADV: ADV before v emphasis
= just

10. only
Only can be used to add a comment which slightly changes or limits what you have just said. (INFORMAL)

- It's just as dramatic as a film, only it's real.

- It's a bit like my house, only nicer.

- Drop in and see me when you're ready. Only don't take too long about it.

CONJ-SUBORD
= but except

11. only
Only can be used after a clause with `would' to indicate why something is not done. (SPOKEN)

- I'd invite you to come with me, only it's such a long way.

- I'd be quite happy to go. Only I don't know what my kids would say about living there.

CONJ-SUBORD
= but

12. only
You can use only before an infinitive to introduce an event which happens immediately after one you have just mentioned, and which is rather surprising or unfortunate.

- Ryle tried the Embassy, only to be told that Hugh was in a meeting.

- He raced through the living room, only to find the front door closed.

ADV: ADV to-inf

13. only
You can use only to emphasize how appropriate a certain course of action or type of behaviour is.

- It's only fair to let her know that you intend to apply.

- She appeared to have changed considerably, which was only to be expected.

ADV: usu ADV adj, also ADV to-inf emphasis

14. only
You can use only in front of a verb to indicate that the result of something is unfortunate or undesirable and is likely to make the situation worse rather than better.

- The embargo would only hurt innocent civilians.

- She says that legalising prostitution will only cause problems.

ADV: ADV before v
= just merely

15. only
If you say you only have to or have only to do one thing in order to achieve or prove a second thing, you are emphasizing how easily the second thing can be achieved or proved.

- Any time you want a babysitter, dear, you only have to ask.

- We have only to read the labels to know what ingredients are in foods.

PHR: V inflects, PHR inf emphasis

16. only
You can say that something has only just happened when you want to emphasize that it happened a very short time ago.

- I've only just arrived.

- The signs of an economic revival are only just beginning.

- You're only just back from leave.

PHR: PHR before v, PHR adv emphasis

17. only
You use only just to emphasize that something is true, but by such a small degree that it is almost not true at all.

- For centuries farmers there have only just managed to survive.

- I am old enough to remember the Blitz, but only just.

- `I think we could agree on that one.' --- `Only just.'

PHR: usu PHR before v, PHR with cl/group emphasis
= barely

18. only
You can use only too to emphasize that something is true or exists to a much greater extent than you would expect or like.

- I know only too well that plans can easily go wrong.

- When the new baby comes along it is only too easy to shut out the others.

PHR: PHR adv/adj emphasis
= all too

19. only
You can say that you are only too happy to do something to emphasize how willing you are to do it.

- I'll be only too pleased to help them out with any queries.

PHR: PHR adj emphasis
= more than

only

adjective

1.

sole

exclusive

individual

lone

single

solitary

unique

adverb

2.

merely

barely

just

purely

simply

on-message

on-message
If a politician is on-message , they say something that follows the official policy of their party.
ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

o.n.o.

abbr.

or near offer 或依买方接近售价的出价

o.n.o.

abbr.

or near offer 或依买方接近售价的出价

o.n.o.

o.n.o.
In advertisements, o.n.o. is used after a price to indicate that the person who is selling something is willing to accept slightly less money than the sum they have mentioned. o.n.o. is a written abbreviation for `or near offer'. (BRIT)

onomatopoeia

[D.J.:ˌɔnəuˌmætəuˈpiə]

[K.K.:ˌɑnəˌmætəˈpiə, -ˌmɑtə-]

n.

拟声,拟声法

onomatopoeia

onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia refers to the use of words which sound like the noise they refer to. `Hiss', `buzz', and `rat-a-tat-tat' are examples of onomatopoeia. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

onomatopoeic

adj.

拟声的,声喻的

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic
Onomatopoeic words sound like the noise they refer to. `Hiss', `buzz', and `rat-a-tat-tat' are examples of onomatopoeic words. (TECHNICAL)
ADJ

onrush

[D.J.:ˈɔnrʌʃ]

[K.K.:ˈɑnˌrʌʃ, ˈɔn-]

n.

猛冲, 直冲; 急流

onrush

onrush
The onrush of something is its sudden development, which happens so quickly and forcefully that you are unable to control it.

- The onrush of tears took me by surprise.

- She was screwing up her eyes against the onrush of air.

N-SING: usu N of n
= surge

onrushing

[ˈɔnˌrʌʃiŋ]

adj.

顾前不顾后奔跑的,猛冲的,汹涌的

onrushing

onrushing
Onrushing describes something such as a vehicle that is moving forward so quickly or forcefully that it would be very difficult to stop.

- He was killed by an onrushing locomotive.

- ...the roar of the onrushing water.

ADJ: ADJ n

on-screen

adj.，adv.

在计算机屏幕上看到的[地]

on-screen *

1. on-screen
On-screen means appearing on the screen of a television, cinema, or computer.

- ...a clear and easy-to-follow menu-driven on-screen display...

- Read the on-screen lyrics and sing along.

ADJ: ADJ n also onscreen .

2. on-screen
On-screen means relating to the roles played by film or television actors, in contrast with their real lives.

- Producers decided to end her on-screen romance with Pierce Lawton.

- ...her first onscreen kiss.

ADJ: ADJ n also onscreen .
≠ off-screen

3. on-screen
Also an adverb.

- He was immensely attractive to women, onscreen and offscreen.

- Onscreen, she lacks the vitality or charisma to pass this performance off.

ADV: ADV with cl also onscreen .
≠ off-screen

onset

[D.J.:ˈɔnˌset, ˈɔ:n-]

[K.K.:ˈɑnˌsɛt, ˈɔn-]

n.

开始

攻击,袭击

onset *

onset
The onset of something is the beginning of it, used especially to refer to something unpleasant.

- Most of the passes have been closed with the onset of winter.

- With the onset of war, oil prices climbed past $30 a barrel.

N-SING: usu the N of n, also no det

onset

noun

beginning

inception

outbreak

start

onshore

[D.J.:ˈɔnˈʃɔ:, -ˈʃəʊr, ˈɔ:n-]

[K.K.:ˈɑnˈʃɔr, -ˈʃor, ˈɔn-]

adj.

海岸的;在岸上的,在近岸处的

朝着岸的,向陆的

onshore

1. onshore
Onshore means happening on or near land, rather than at sea.

- ...Western Europe's biggest onshore oilfield.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ offshore

2. onshore
Also an adverb.

- They missed the ferry and remained onshore.

ADV: ADV after v

3. onshore
Onshore means happening or moving towards the land.

- The onshore wind blew steadily past him.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. onshore
Also an adverb.

- There was a bit of a wind and it was blowing onshore.

- ...the gas comes onshore in great quantities.

ADV: ADV after v

onside

[D.J.:ˌɔnˈsaid]

[K.K.:ˈɑnˈsaɪd, ˈɔn-]

adj.

(在某些运动比赛中)没有越位的

onside

1. onside
In games such as football and hockey, when an attacking player is onside , they have not broken the rules because at least two players from the opposing team are between them and the goal when the ball is passed to them.
ADJ

2. onside
If a person or group of people is onside , they support you and agree with what you are doing.

- Granada and Forte are continuing to telephone shareholders in an attempt to bring them onside.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

onslaught

[D.J.:ˈɔnˌslɔ:t, ˈɔ:n-]

[K.K.:ˈɑnˌslɔt, ˈɔn-]

n.

猛攻, 攻击

onslaught *

1. onslaught onslaughts
An onslaught on someone or something is a very violent, forceful attack against them.

- The attackers launched another vicious onslaught on their victim.

- The rebels responded to a military onslaught against them by launching a major assault on an army camp.

- ...a media onslaught.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N on/against n, N by n
= assault

2. onslaught onslaughts
If you refer to an onslaught of something, you mean that there is a large amount of it, often so that it is very difficult to deal with.

- The onslaught of orders should keep aircraft manufacturers busy for some time.

- ...the constant onslaught of ads on American TV.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= barrage

onslaught

noun

attack

assault

blitz

charge

offensive

onrush

onset

onstage

[ˈɔnˈsteidʒ]

adj.

舞台表演区的;台上的,台上演出的

onstage *

onstage
When someone such as an actor or musician goes onstage , they go onto the stage in a theatre to give a performance.

- When she walked onstage she was given a standing ovation.

- You have to be onstage at eight o'clock.

- Onstage, the musicians are actually sitting behind the loudspeakers.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, ADV with cl
≠ off-stage

on-the-spot

adj.

现场的；当场的

on-the-spot *

on-the-spot
On-the-spot things are done at the place that you are in at the time that you are there.

- Rail travellers who try to avoid paying their fares could face on-the-spot fines.

ADJ: ADJ n

onto

[D.J.:ˈɔntu]

[K.K.:ˈɑnˌtu, -tə, ˈɔn-]

prep.

(表示方向) 到[向]…之上

(表示对象)推卸到, 转嫁给; 发觉; 转向, 转移到

(表示过程)正处在…的过程中

onto ***

(In addition to the uses shown below, onto is used in phrasal verbs such as `hold onto' and `latch onto'.)

1. onto
If something moves or is put onto an object or surface, it is then on that object or surface.

- I took my bags inside, lowered myself onto the bed and switched on the TV.

- Smear Vaseline on to your baby's skin to prevent soreness.

PREP The spelling on to is also used.

2. onto
You can sometimes use onto to mention the place or area that someone moves into.

- The players emerged onto the field.

- ...when the photographer sets off onto the moors...

- Alex turned his car on to the Albert Quay and drove along until he found a parking place.

PREP The spelling on to is also used.

3. onto
You can use onto to introduce the place towards which a light or someone's look is directed.

- ...the metal part of the door onto which the sun had been shining...

- The colours rotated round on a disc and were reflected onto the wall behind.

- ...the house with its leafy garden and its view on to Regent's Park.

PREP The spelling on to is also used.

4. onto
You can use onto to introduce a place that you would immediately come to after leaving another place that you have just mentioned, because they are next to each other.

- ...windows opening onto carved black-wood balconies...

- The door opened onto a lighted hallway.

- ...a two-hundred-yard-wide strip of land that backs onto a large lake.

PREP: v PREP n The spelling on to is also used.

5. onto
When you change the position of your body, you use onto to introduce the part your body which is now supporting you.

- As he stepped backwards she fell onto her knees, then onto her face.

- Puffing a little, Mabel shifted her weight onto her feet.

- I willed my eyes to open and heaved myself over on to my back.

PREP The spelling on to is also used.

6. onto
When you get onto a bus, train, or plane, you enter it in order to travel somewhere.

- As he got on to the plane, he asked me how I was feeling.

- Who can fold up a pushchair, toddler and shopping and then get them all onto the bus?.

- `I'll see you onto the train.' --- `Thank you.'

PREP The spelling on to is also used.
≠ off

7. onto
Onto is used after verbs such as `hold', `hang', and `cling' to indicate what someone is holding firmly or where something is being held firmly.

- The reflector is held onto the sides of the spacecraft with a frame.

- She was conscious of a second man hanging on to the rail.

- She had to cling onto the doorhandle until the pain passed.

PREP The spelling on to is also used.

8. onto
If people who are talking get onto a different subject, they begin talking about it.

- Let's get on to more important matters.

- So, if we could just move onto something else?

PREP The spelling on to is also used.

9. onto
You can sometimes use onto to indicate that something or someone becomes included as a part of a list or system.

- The Macedonian question had failed to get on to the agenda.

- The pill itself has changed a lot since it first came onto the market.

- Twelve thousand workers will go onto a four-day week at their factory in Birmingham.

PREP The spelling on to is also used.

10. onto
If someone is onto something, they are about to discover something important. (INFORMAL)

- He leaned across the table and whispered to me, `I'm really onto something.'.

- Archaeologists knew they were onto something big when they started digging.

PREP: be PREP n The spelling on to is also used.

11. onto
If someone is onto you, they have discovered that you are doing something illegal or wrong. (INFORMAL)

- He did not want Pollard to become suspicious that he was now onto him.

- I had told people what he had been doing, so now the police were onto him.

PREP: be PREP n The spelling on to is also used.

ontological

[D.J.:ˌɔntəˈlɔdʒikəl]

[K.K.:ˈɑntəˈlɑdʒɪkəl]

adj.

存在论的,本体论的,实体论的

ontologist

n.

存在论者

ontology

[D.J.:ɔnˈtɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ɑnˈtɑlədʒi]

n.

本体论,实体论

ontological

adj.

ontologically

adv.

ontologist

n.

ontology

1. ontology
Ontology is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of existence. (TECHNICAL)

- Kant's work on the critique of experience became ultimately indistinguishable from ontology and metaphysics.

N-UNCOUNT

2. ontological

- ...the ontological question of the relationship between mind and body.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

onus

[D.J.:ˈəʊnəs]

[K.K.:ˈonəs]

n.

<正>责任,义务

onus *

onus
If you say that the onus is on someone to do something, you mean it is their duty or responsibility to do it. (FORMAL)

- The onus is on the shopkeeper to provide goods which live up to the quality of their description.

- The onus of proof is reversed in libel actions and placed firmly on the defender.

N-SING: usu the N, oft N of n/-ing

onus

noun

burden

liability

load

obligation

responsibility

task

onward

[D.J.:ˈɔnwəd, ˈɔ:n-]

[K.K.:ˈɑnwəd, ˈɔn-]

adj.

向前的

onward *

(In British English, onwards is an adverb and onward is an adjective. In American English and sometimes in formal British English, onward may also be an adverb.)

1. onward
Onward means moving forward or continuing a journey.

- British Airways have two flights a day to Bangkok, and there are onward flights to Phnom Penh.

ADJ: usu ADJ n The spelling onwards is also used.

2. onward
Also an adverb.

- The bus continued onward.

- He measured the distance to the nearest Antarctic coast, and onwards to the South Pole.

ADV: ADV after v The spelling onwards is also used.
= forwards on

3. onward
Onward means developing, progressing, or becoming more important over a period of time.

- ...the onward march of progress in the British aircraft industry.

ADJ: usu ADJ n The spelling onwards is also used.

4. onward
Also an adverb.

- I can see things just going onwards and upwards for us now.

- The most important thing now is to move onwards.

ADV: ADV after v The spelling onwards is also used.
= forwards on

5. onward
If something happens from a particular time onwards or onward , it begins to happen at that time and continues to happen afterwards.

- From the turn of the century onward, she shared the life of the aborigines.

ADV: from n ADV The spelling onwards is also used.
= from then on

onward onwards

adverb

ahead

beyond

forth

forward

in front

on

onyx

[D.J.:ˈɔniks]

[K.K.:ˈɑnɪks]

n.

缟玛瑙

onyx

onyx
Onyx is a stone which can be various colours. It is used for making ornaments, jewellery, or furniture.
N-UNCOUNT

oodles

[D.J.:ˈu:dlz]

[K.K.:ˈudlz]

n.

许多

oodles

oodles
If you say that there is oodles of something, you are emphasizing that there is a very large quantity of it. (INFORMAL)

- The recipe calls for oodles of melted chocolate.

QUANT: QUANT of n-uncount/pl-n emphasis
= lots

ooh

[D.J.:u:]

[K.K.:u]

int.

(表示惊讶、欣喜、痛苦等)嚯,呵

ooh **

ooh
People say ` ooh ' when they are surprised, looking forward to something, or find something pleasant or unpleasant. (INFORMAL)

- `Ooh dear me, that's a bit of a racist comment isn't it.'.

- `Red? Ooh how nice.'

EXCLAM also oo . feelings

oomph

[D.J.:ʊmf]

[K.K.:ʊmf]

n.

<口>魅力;精力,活力

oomph

oomph
If you say that someone or something has oomph , you mean that they are energetic and exciting. (INFORMAL)

- `There's no buzz, there's no oomph about the place,' he complained.

N-UNCOUNT approval
= vitality

oops

[D.J.:u:ps]

[K.K.:ups]

int.

哎哟

oops

oops
You say ` oops ' to indicate that there has been a slight accident or mistake, or to apologize to someone for it. (INFORMAL)

- Today they're saying, `Oops, we made a mistake.'

EXCLAM feelings
= whoops

ooze

[D.J.:u:z]

[K.K.:uz]

vi.

(浓液等)慢慢地冒出, 渗出

vt.

使(液体)缓缓流出

ooze out; ooze out of/ from/ through sth

(浓液)渗出，慢慢流出

n.

泥浆, (河底的)淤泥

ooze *

1. ooze oozes oozing oozed
When a thick or sticky liquid oozes from something or when something oozes it, the liquid flows slowly and in small quantities.

- He saw there was a big hole in the back of the man's head, blood was still oozing from it.

- The lava will just ooze gently out of the crater.

- The wounds may heal cleanly or they may ooze a clear liquid.

V-ERG
= trickle seep

2. ooze oozes oozing oozed
If you say that someone or something oozes a quality or characteristic, or oozes with it, you mean that they show it very strongly.

- Outwardly, Graham will ooze all his old confidence.

- The Elizabethan house oozes charm.

- Manchester United were by now oozing with confidence.

VB

3. ooze
You can refer to any thick, sticky, liquid substance as ooze , especially the mud at the bottom of a river, lake, or the sea.

- ...a primeval ooze...

- He grabbed into the ooze and came up clutching a large toad.

N-UNCOUNT
= sludge

ooze

verb

seep

drain

dribble

drip

escape

filter

leak

ooze

noun

mud

alluvium

mire

silt

slime

sludge

op

n.

工作;操作

op **

1. op
An op is a medical operation. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...breast cancer ops.

N-COUNT

2. op
Ops are military operations.

- Flt Lt Beamont had completed a 200 hour tour of ops in December 1941.

- Fusilier Jones ran towards the Ops Room to find his lieutenant.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. op
An op is an opportunity. For example, a photo op is an opportunity for someone to take photographs, or to have photographs taken of them.

- Many network TV reporters began using photo-ops as a jumping-off point to examine issues more in depth.

N-COUNT

op.

op.
In music, op. is a written abbreviation for opus .

- ...Beethoven's Op. 101 and 111 sonatas.

opacity

[D.J.:əʊˈpæsɪti:]

[K.K.:oˈpæsɪti]

n.

不透明性,不透明度

opacity

1. opacity
Opacity is the quality of being difficult to see through. (FORMAL)

- Opacity of the eye lens can be induced by deficiency of certain vitamins.

- He insisted that the mineral content of the water determined the opacity.

N-UNCOUNT

2. opacity
If you refer to something's opacity , you mean that it is difficult to understand. (FORMAL)

- Its dramatic nuances were often generalised to the point of opacity.

N-UNCOUNT
= obscurity ≠ clarity

opal

[D.J.:ˈəupəl]

[K.K.:ˈopəl]

n.

蛋白石,猫眼石,乳色玻璃

opal

opal opals
An opal is a precious stone. Opals are colourless or white, but other colours are reflected in them.
N-VAR

opalescence

[ˌəupəˈlesns]

n.

乳白光,蛋白色光

opalescent

[D.J.:ˌəʊpəˈlesənt]

[K.K.:ˌopəˈlɛsənt]

adj.

发乳白色光的

opalescence

n.

opalescent

1. opalescent
Opalescent means colourless or white like an opal, or changing colour like an opal. (LITERARY)

- Elaine turned her opalescent eyes on him.

- ...a sky which was still faintly opalescent.

ADJ-GRADED
= iridescent

2. opalescence

- The sunset was making great splashes of fiery opalescence across the sky.

N-UNCOUNT

opaque

[D.J.:əuˈpeik]

[K.K.:oˈpek]

adj.

不透明的

难理解的, 晦涩的

opaque *

1. opaque
If an object or substance is opaque , you cannot see through it.

- You can always use opaque glass if you need to block a street view.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ transparent

2. opaque
If you say that something is opaque , you mean that it is difficult to understand.

- ...the opaque language of the inspector's reports.

ADJ-GRADED

opaque

adjective

cloudy

dim

dull

filmy

hazy

impenetrable

muddy

murky

op. cit. *

op. cit.
In reference books, op. cit. is used after an author's name to refer to a book of theirs which has already been mentioned. (FORMAL)

- ...quoted in Iyer, op. cit., p. 332.

OPEC

[D.J.:ˈəʊˌpek]

[K.K.:ˈoˌpɛk]

abbr.

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织

OPEC **

OPEC
OPEC is an organization of countries that produce oil. It tries to develop a common policy and system of prices. OPEC is an abbreviation for `Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries'.

- Each member of OPEC would seek to maximize its own production.

N-PROPER

op-ed

op-ed
In a newspaper, the op-ed page is a page containing articles in which people express their opinions about things. (AM, INFORMAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

open

[D.J.:ˈəupən]

[K.K.:ˈopən]

adj.

开着的; 开放的, 公开的

空旷的; 开阔的

坦率的, 无偏见的

开始营业的; 活动的

(职位等)空缺的

尚未决定的, 悬而未决的

vt. & vi.

(打)开

开始; 开设

opening

[D.J.:ˈəupəniŋ]

[K.K.:ˈopənɪŋ]

n.

开幕; 开张; 开端

洞, 缺口

空缺, 缺额

adj.

首次的; 开始的

openness

[D.J.:ˈəʊp n..nɪs]

[K.K.:ˈopənnɪs]

n.

空旷;开阔

公开

率真;(心胸)宽大

open *****

1. open opens opening opened
If you open something such as a door, window, or lid, or if it opens , its position is changed so that it no longer covers a hole or gap.

- He opened the window and looked out.

- The church doors would open and the crowd would surge out.

V-ERG
≠ close shut

2. open
Also an adjective.

- ...an open window...

- A door had been forced open.

ADJ
≠ closed shut

3. open opens opening opened
If you open something such as a bottle, box, parcel, or envelope, you move, remove, or cut part of it so you can take out what is inside.

- The Inspector opened the packet of cigarettes.

- The capsules are fiddly to open.

VB

4. open
Also an adjective.

- ...an open bottle of milk...

- I tore the letter open.

ADJ

5. open up opens up; opening up; opened up
Open up means the same as open .

- He opened up a cage and lifted out a 6ft python.

PHR-V

6. open opens opening opened
If you open something such as a book, an umbrella, or your hand, or if it opens , the different parts of it move away from each other so that the inside of it can be seen.

- He opened the heavy Bible.

- She opens her umbrella, and walks up River Street.

- The flower opens to reveal a Queen Bee.

- The officer's mouth opened, showing white, even teeth.

V-ERG

7. open
Also an adjective.

- Without warning, Bardo smacked his fist into his open hand.

- His mouth was a little open, as if he'd started to scream.

ADJ-GRADED

8. open out opens out; opening out; opened out
Open out means the same as open .

- Keith took a map from the dashboard and opened it out on his knees.

- ...oval tables which open out to become circular.

PHR-V-ERG

9. open opens opening opened
When you open your eyes or your eyes open , you move your eyelids upwards, for example when you wake up, so that you can see.

- When I opened my eyes I saw a man with an axe standing at the end of my bed.

- His eyes were opening wide.

V-ERG

10. open
Also an adjective.

- As soon as he saw that her eyes were open he sat up.

ADJ

11. open opens opening opened
If you open your arms, you stretch them wide apart in front of you, usually in order to put them round someone.

- She opened her arms and gave me a big hug.

VB

12. open
If you stand or sit in an open way, the front of your body is fully exposed and you are not bending forward or at an angle to someone.

- Good listeners even sit in an open way: relaxed, arms loose.

- I play normal bunker shots with an open stance.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

13. open
If you describe a person or their character as open , you mean they are honest and do not want or try to hide anything or to deceive anyone.

- He had always been open with her and she always felt she would know if he lied.

- She has an open, trusting nature.

ADJ-GRADED

14. openness

- ...a relationship based on honesty and openness.

N-UNCOUNT

15. open
If you describe a situation, attitude, or way of behaving as open , you mean it is not kept hidden or secret.

- The action is an open violation of the Vienna Convention.

- Hearing the case in open court is only one part of the judicial process.

ADJ: ADJ n

16. openness

- ...the new climate of political openness.

N-UNCOUNT

17. open
If you are open to suggestions or ideas, you are ready and willing to consider or accept them.

- They are open to suggestions on how working conditions might be improved.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n
= receptive

18. open
If you say that a system, person, or idea is open to something such as abuse or criticism, you mean they might receive abuse or criticism because of their qualities, effects, or actions.

- The system, though well-meaning, is open to abuse.

- They left themselves wide open to accusations of double standards and hypocrisy.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n
= susceptible

19. open
If you say that a fact or question is open to debate, interpretation, or discussion, you mean that people are uncertain whether it is true, what it means, or what the answer is.

- The truth of the facts produced may be open to doubt.

- It is an open question how long that commitment can last.

ADJ: oft v-link ADJ to n

20. open opens opening opened
If people open something such as a blocked road or a border, or if it opens , people can then pass along it or through it.

- The rebels have opened the road from Monrovia to the Ivory Coast.

- The solid rank of carabinieri lining the courtroom opened to let them pass.

V-ERG
≠ close

21. open
Also an adjective.

- We were part of an entire regiment that had nothing else to do but to keep that highway open.

ADJ

22. open up opens up; opening up; opened up
Open up means the same as open .

- As rescue workers opened up roads today, it became apparent that some small towns were totally devastated.

- When the Berlin Wall came down it wasn't just the roads that opened up but the waterways too.

PHR-V-ERG

23. open opens opening opened
If a place opens into another, larger place, you can move from one directly into the other.

- The corridor opened into a low smoky room.

VB

24. open out opens out; opening out; opened out
Open out means the same as open .

- ...narrow streets opening out into charming squares.

PHR-V

25. open
An open area is a large area that does not have many buildings or trees in it.

- Officers will also continue their search of nearby open ground.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

26. open
An open structure or object is not covered or enclosed.

- Don't leave a child alone in a room with an open fire.

- ...open sandwiches.

ADJ: ADJ n

27. open
An open wound is one from which a liquid such as blood is coming.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

28. open opens opening opened
If you open your shirt or coat, you undo the buttons or pull down the zip.

- I opened my coat and let him see the belt.

VB

29. open
Also an adjective.

- The top can be worn buttoned up or open over a T-shirt.

- ...dressing informally in open shirt and cowboy boots.

ADJ: ADJ n, v-link ADJ
= undone

30. open opens opening opened
When a shop, office, or public building opens or is opened , its doors are unlocked and the public can go in.

- Banks closed on Friday afternoon and did not open again until Monday morning.

- ...a gang of three who'd apparently been lying in wait for him to open the shop.

- ...opening and closing times.

V-ERG

31. open
Also an adjective.

- His shop is open Monday through Friday, 9am to 6pm.

ADJ

32. open opens opening opened
When a public building, factory, or company opens or when someone opens it, it starts operating for the first time.

- The original station opened in 1754.

- The complex opens to the public tomorrow.

- They are planning to open a factory in Eastern Europe.

- The Savoy Theatre was opened in 1881 by Richard D'Oyly Carte.

V-ERG
≠ close

33. open
Also an adjective.

- ...any operating subsidy required to keep the pits open.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

34. opening openings

- He was there, though, for the official opening.

N-COUNT: usu sing

35. open opens opening opened
If something such as a meeting or series of talks opens , or if someone opens it, it begins.

- ...an emergency session of the Russian Parliament due to open later this morning...

- They are now ready to open negotiations.

V-ERG

36. opening

- ...a communique issued at the opening of the talks.

N-SING: the N of n

37. open opens opening opened
If an event such as a meeting or discussion opens with a particular activity, that activity is the first thing that happens or is dealt with. You can also say that someone such as a speaker or singer opens in a particular way.

- The service opened with a hymn.

- She opened with an impressive version of `I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For'.

- I opened by saying, `Honey, you look sensational.'.

- Pollard opened the conversation with some small talk.

V-ERG
= begin ≠ end

38. open opens opening opened
On the stock exchange, the price at which currencies, shares, or commodities open is their value at the start of that day's trading.

- Gold declined $2 in Zurich to open at 385.50.

- In Paris and Milan, the dollar opened almost unchanged.

VB
≠ close

39. open opens opening opened
When a film, play, or other public event opens , it begins to be shown, be performed, or take place for a limited period of time.

- A photographic exhibition opens at the Royal College of Art on Wednesday.

- This show, too, was virtually sold out before it opened.

VB

40. opening

- He is due to attend the opening of the Asian Games on Saturday.

N-SING: the N of n

41. open opens opening opened
If you open an account with a bank or a commercial organization, you begin to use their services.

- He tried to open an account at the branch of his bank nearest to his workplace.

VB

42. open
If an opportunity or choice is open to you, you are able to do a particular thing if you choose to.

- There are a wide range of career opportunities open to young people.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n

43. open opens opening opened
To open opportunities or possibilities means the same as to open them up .

- The chief of naval operations wants to open opportunities for women in the Navy.

V-ERG

44. open
You can use open to describe something that anyone is allowed to take part in or accept.

- A recent open meeting of College members revealed widespread dissatisfaction.

- A portfolio approach would keep entry into the managerial profession open and flexible.

- ...an open invitation.

ADJ

45. open
If something such as an offer or job is open , it is available for someone to accept or apply for.

- The offer will remain open until further notice.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
See also opening 6.

46. open
If you do something in the open , you do it out of doors rather than in a house or other building.

- Many are sleeping in the open because they have no shelter.

PHR: PHR after v
= outside

47. open
If an attitude or situation is in the open or out in the open , people know about it and it is no longer kept secret.

- The medical service had advised us to keep it a secret, but we wanted it in the open.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

48. open
If something is wide open , it is open to its full extent.

- The child had left the inner door wide open.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

49. open
If you say that a competition, race, or election is wide open , you mean that anyone could win it, because there is no competitor who seems to be much better than the others.

- The competition has been thrown wide open by the absence of the world champion.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

open up *****

1. open up opens up; opening up; opened up
If a place, economy, or area of interest opens up , or if someone opens it up , more people can go there or become involved in it.

- As the market opens up, I think people are going to be able to spend more money on consumer goods.

- He said he wanted to see how Albania was opening up to the world.

- If this agreement's going to succeed, the European Community must dramatically open up its markets.

- The money could open up music to more children.

PHR-V-ERG

2. open up opens up; opening up; opened up
If something opens up opportunities or possibilities, or if they open up , they are created.

- It was also felt that the collapse of the system opened up new possibilities.

- New opportunities are opening up for investors who want a more direct stake in overseas companies.

PHR-V-ERG

3. open up opens up; opening up; opened up
If you open up a lead in a race or competition, you get yourself into a position where you are leading, usually by quite a long way.

- The Chinese quartet had opened up a lead of more than two minutes.

PHR-V

4. open up opens up; opening up; opened up
When you open up a building, you unlock and open the door so that people can get in.

- Three armed men were waiting when the postmaster and his wife arrived to open up the shop.

- Open up, or I break in!

PHR-V

open up, open out *****

open up opens up; opening up; opened up
If someone opens up or opens out , they start to say exactly what they think or feel. (BRIT ALSO use open out )

- Lorna found that people were willing to open up to her.

- It will be difficult for her to open out and discuss her problems freely with you.

PHR-V

opening ***

1. opening
The opening event, item, day, or week in a series is the first one.

- They returned to take part in the season's opening game.

- ...the opening day of the fifth General Synod.

ADJ: ADJ n
= first

2. opening openings
The opening of something such as a book, play, or concert is the first part of it.

- The opening of the scene depicts Akhnaten and his family in a moment of intimacy.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. opening openings
An opening is a hole or empty space through which things or people can pass.

- He squeezed through a narrow opening in the fence.

N-COUNT

4. opening openings
An opening in a forest is a small area where there are no trees or bushes. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use clearing )

- I glanced down at the beach as we passed an opening in the trees.

N-COUNT

5. opening openings
An opening is a good opportunity to do something, for example to show people how good you are.

- Her capabilities were always there; all she needed was an opening to show them.

N-COUNT
= opportunity

6. opening openings
An opening is a job that is available.

- We don't have any openings now, but we'll call you if something comes up.

N-COUNT

open

adjective

1.

unfastened

agape

ajar

gaping

uncovered

unfolded

unfurled

unlocked

yawning

2.

accessible

available

free

public

unoccupied

unrestricted

vacant

3.

unresolved

arguable

debatable

moot

undecided

unsettled

4.

frank

candid

guileless

honest

sincere

transparent

verb

5.

start

begin

commence

inaugurate

initiate

kick off informal

launch

set in motion

6.

unfasten

unblock

uncork

uncover

undo

unlock

untie

unwrap

7.

unfold

expand

spread (out)

unfurl

unroll

opening

noun

1.

hole

aperture

chink

cleft

crack

fissure

gap

orifice

perforation

slot

space

2.

opportunity

chance

look-in informal

occasion

vacancy

3.

beginning

commencement

dawn

inception

initiation

launch

outset

start

adjective

4.

first

beginning

inaugural

initial

introductory

maiden

primary

open-air

[D.J.:ˈəupnˈeə]

[K.K.:ˈopənˈɛr]

adj.

户外的,野外的

open-air *

1. open-air
An open-air place or event is outside rather than in a building.

- ...the Open Air Theatre in Regents Park.

- ...an open air concert in brilliant sunshine.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also open air .
= outdoor

2. open-air
If you are in the open air , you are outside rather than in a building.

- We sleep out under the stars, and eat our meals in the open air.

N-SING: the N, usu in the N also open air .

open-air

adjective

outdoor

alfresco

open-and-shut

[D.J.:ˈəʊpənənˈʃʌt]

[K.K.:ˈopənənˈʃʌt]

adj.

极简单的,明白的,一目了然的

open-and-shut

open-and-shut
If you describe a dispute or a legal case as open-and-shut , you mean that is easily decided or solved because the facts are very clear.

- It's an open and shut case. The hospital is at fault.

- ...an open-and-shut murder charge.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= straightforward

opencast

[ˈəupənkɑ:st]

adj.

露天挖掘的

opencast

opencast
At an opencast mine, the coal, metal, or minerals are near the surface and underground passages are not needed. (BRIT; in AM use strip mine or open pit )
ADJ: ADJ n also open-cast .

open day

open day open days
An open day is a day on which members of the public are encouraged to visit a particular school, university, or other institution to see what it is like. (BRIT; in AM use open house )
N-COUNT

open-door

[ˈəupnˈdɔ:]

adj.

公开的,(对外关系上)门户开放的

open-door *

1. open-door
If a country or organization has an open-door policy towards people or goods, it allows them to come there freely, without any restrictions.

- ...reformers who have advocated an open door economic policy.

ADJ: ADJ n also open door .

2. open door
Also a noun.

- ...an open door to further foreign investment.

N-SING also open door .

open-ended

[D.J.:ˈəʊpənˈendɪd]

[K.K.:ˈopənˈɛndɪd]

adj.

可修整的,末端开口的,自由回答的

open-ended *

open-ended
When people begin an open-ended discussion or activity, they do not start with any intention of achieving a particular decision or result.

- ...an open-ended commitment to the security of the Gulf.

- ...open-ended questions about what passengers expect of an airline.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

opener

[D.J.:ˈəʊpənə]

[K.K.:ˈopənɚ]

n.

开启者;开启工具

opener *

opener openers
An opener is a tool which is used to open containers such as tins or bottles.

- ...a tin opener.

N-COUNT: usu n N
See also eye-opener .

open house

1. open house
If you say that someone keeps open house , you mean that they welcome friends or visitors to their house whenever they arrive and allow them to stay for as long as they want to.

- Father Illtyd kept open house and the boys would congregate in his study during their recreation time, playing cards or games.

N-UNCOUNT

2. open house
An open house is a day on which members of the public are encouraged to visit a particular institution or place to see what it is like. (AM; in BRIT use open day )

- ...at a Saturday open house earlier this month...

- A week later, Sara and I attended open house at Ted's school.

- The farm is open to the public only during two open-house weekends.

N-VAR: also N n

opening hours

opening hours
Opening hours are the times during which a shop, bank, library, or bar is open for business.

- Opening hours are 9.30am-5.45pm, Mon-Fri.

N-PLURAL
= opening times

opening night *

opening night opening nights
The opening night of a play or an opera is the first night on which a particular production is performed.
N-COUNT
= premier first night

opening time

1. opening time
You can refer to the time that a shop, bank, library, or bar opens for business as its opening time .

- Shoppers began arriving long before the 10am opening time.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N

2. opening time opening times
The opening times of a place such as a shop, a restaurant, or a museum is the period during which it is open.

- Ask the local tourist office about opening times.

N-PLURAL
= opening hours

open letter *

open letter open letters
An open letter is a letter that is published in a newspaper or magazine. It is addressed to a particular person but is intended for the general reader, usually in order to protest or give an opinion about something.

- The Lithuanian parliament also sent an open letter to the United Nations.

N-COUNT

openly

[D.J.:ˈəʊpənlɪ]

adv.

公开地,公然地

openly **

openly
If you do something openly , you do it without hiding any facts or hiding your feelings.

- We can now talk openly about AIDS which we couldn't before.

- The Bundesbank has openly criticised the German Government.

- She hung around with a pair of nurses who were openly gay.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj
≠ secretly

openly

adverb

candidly

forthrightly

frankly

overtly

plainly

unhesitatingly

unreservedly

open market *

open market
Goods that are bought and sold on the open market are advertised and sold to anyone who wants to buy them.

- The Central Bank is authorized to sell government bonds on the open market.

N-SING: the N

open-minded

[D.J.:ˈəʊpənˈmaɪndɪd]

[K.K.:ˈopənˈmaɪndɪd]

adj.

心胸宽的,能接受新思想的;无先入之见的,无偏见的

open-minded *

1. open-minded
If you describe someone as open-minded , you approve of them because they are willing to listen to and consider other people's ideas and suggestions.

- He was very open-minded about other people's work.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n approval
≠ narrow-minded

2. open-mindedness

- He was praised for his enthusiasm and his open-mindedness.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ narrow-mindedness

open-minded

adjective

tolerant

broad-minded

impartial

liberal

reasonable

receptive

unbiased

undogmatic

unprejudiced

open-mouthed

[D.J.:ˈəʊpənˈmaʊðd, -ˈmaʊθt]

[K.K.:ˈopənˈmaʊðd, -ˈmaʊθt]

adj.

目瞪口呆的,惊愕得张大嘴的

open-mouthed

open-mouthed
If someone is looking open-mouthed , they are staring at something with their mouth wide open because it has shocked, frightened, or excited them.

- They watched almost open-mouthed as the two men came towards them.

- The finale had 50,000 adults standing in open-mouthed wonderment.

ADJ: usu ADJ after v, ADJ n

open-necked

open-necked
If you are wearing an open-necked shirt or blouse, you are wearing a shirt or blouse which has no buttons at the top or on which the top button is not done up.

- He was wearing cotton pants and an open-necked shirt.

ADJ: ADJ n also open-neck .

open pit

open pit open pits
An open pit is a mine where the coal, metal, or minerals are near the surface and underground passages are not needed. (AM; in BRIT use opencast mine )
N-COUNT
= strip mine

open-plan

adj.

(房屋或办公室的)开敞式平面布置

open-plan

open-plan
An open-plan building, office, or room has no internal walls dividing it into smaller areas.

- The firm's top managers share the same open-plan office.

ADJ

open prison

open prison open prisons
An open prison is a prison where there are fewer restrictions on prisoners than in a normal prison. (BRIT; in AM use minimum security prison )
N-COUNT: oft in names

open question

open question open questions
If something is an open question , people have different opinions about it and nobody can say which opinion is correct.

- A British official said he thought it was an open question whether sanctions would do any good.

N-COUNT

open secret

open secret open secrets
If you refer to something as an open secret , you mean that it is supposed to be a secret, but many people know about it.

- It's an open secret that the security service bugged telephones.

N-COUNT

open-top

open-top
An open-top bus has no roof, so that the people sitting on the top level can see or be seen more easily. An open-top car has no roof or has a roof that can be removed.

- He took me and my friend Cynthia to the movies in an open-topped car.

- The team drove through the streets of Leeds city centre in an open-top bus.

ADJ: ADJ n also open-topped

Open University *

Open University
In Britain, the Open University is a university that runs degree courses using the radio and television, for students who want to study part-time or mainly at home.

- She was holding down a job she was enjoying and studying at the Open University.

N-PROPER: the N

opera

[D.J.:ˈɔpərə]

[K.K.:ˈɑpərə, ˈɑprə]

n.

歌剧

歌剧艺术, 歌剧业

opus

[D.J.:ˈəupəs,ˈɔpəs]

[K.K.:ˈopəs]

n.

作品

opera ***

opera operas
An opera is a play with music in which all the words are sung.

- ...a one-act opera about contemporary women in America.

- ...Donizetti's opera `Lucia di Lammermoor'.

- ...an opera singer...

- He was also learned in classical music with a great love of opera.

N-VAR
See also soap opera .

opus *

1. opus opuses or opera
An opus is a piece of classical music by a particular composer. Opus is usually followed by a number which indicates at what point the piece was written. The abbreviation op. is also used.

- ...Beethoven's Piano Sonata in E minor, Opus 90.

N-COUNT: usu N num

2. opus opuses or opera
You can refer to an artistic work such as a piece of music or writing or a painting as an opus .

- ...the new opus from Peter Gabriel.

N-COUNT
= work

See also magnum opus .

opus

noun

work

brainchild

composition

creation

oeuvre

piece

production

opera house *

opera house opera houses
An opera house is a theatre that is specially designed for the performance of operas.

- ...Sydney Opera House.

N-COUNT: oft in names

operate

[D.J.:ˈɔpəreit]

[K.K.:ˈɑpəˌret]

vt. & vi.

运转; 操作

经营, 管理

vi.

开刀, (对…)动手术

operating

[D.J.:ˈɔpəˌreɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈɑpəˌretɪŋ]

adj.

操作的;营运的

业务上的

外科手术的

operation

[D.J.:ˌɔpəˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɑpəˈreʃən]

n.

操作, 运转, 经营

手术

(军事)行动, 活动

〈数〉运算

operate *****

1. operate operates operating operated
If you operate a business or organization, you work to keep it running properly. If a business or organization operates , it carries out its work.

- Until his death in 1986 Greenwood owned and operated an enormous pear orchard.

- ...allowing commercial banks to operate in the country...

- Operating costs jumped from £85.3m to £95m.

V-ERG

2. operation

- Company finance is to provide funds for the everyday operation of the business.

N-UNCOUNT

3. operate operates operating operated
The way that something operates is the way that it works or has a particular effect.

- Ceiling and wall lights can operate independently.

- How do accounting records operate?.

- The world of work doesn't operate that way.

VB
= function

4. operation

- Why is it the case that taking part-time work is made so difficult by the operation of the benefit system?

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= functioning

5. operate operates operating operated
When you operate a machine or device, or when it operates , you make it work.

- A massive rock fall trapped the men as they operated a tunnelling machine.

- The number of fax machines operating around the world has now reached ten million.

V-ERG

6. operation

- ...over 1,000 dials monitoring every aspect of the operation of the aeroplane.

N-UNCOUNT

7. operate operates operating operated
When surgeons operate on a patient in a hospital, they cut open a patient's body in order to remove, replace, or repair a diseased or damaged part.

- The surgeon who operated on the King released new details of his injuries.

- You examine a patient and then you decide whether or not to operate.

VB

8. operate operates operating operated
If military forces are operating in a particular region, they are in that place in order to carry out their orders.

- Up to ten thousand Zimbabwean soldiers are operating in Mozambique.

- This freed the Austrian army to operate against the French.

VB

operating *

operating
Operating profits and costs are the money that a company earns and spends in carrying out its ordinary trading activities, in contrast to such things as interest and investment. (TECHNICAL)

- The group made operating profits of £80m before interest.

ADJ: ADJ n

operation *****

1. operation operations
An operation is a highly organized activity that involves many people doing different things.

- The rescue operation began on Friday afternoon.

- The soldiers were engaged in a military operation close to the Ugandan border.

- ...a big operation against the drugs trade.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

2. operation operations
A business or company can be referred to as an operation .

- Thorn's electronic's operation employs around 5,000 people.

- The two parent groups now run their business as a single combined operation.

N-COUNT
= enterprise

3. operation operations
When a patient has an operation , a surgeon cuts open their body in order to remove, replace, or repair a diseased or damaged part.

- Charles was at the clinic recovering from an operation on his arm.

N-COUNT

4. operation
If a system is in operation , it is being used.

- Until the rail links are in operation, passengers can only travel through the tunnel by coach.

- ...the free banking system that has been in operation since the early eighties.

N-UNCOUNT: in/out of N
= in use

5. operation
If a machine or device is in operation , it is working.

- There are three ski lifts in operation.

N-UNCOUNT: in/out of N
= working

6. operation
When a rule, system, or plan comes into operation or you put it into operation , you begin to use it.

- The Financial Services Act came into operation four years ago.

- Cheaper energy conservation techniques have been put into operation in the developed world.

PHR: V inflects

operate

verb

1.

work

act

function

go

perform

run

2.

handle

be in charge of

manage

manoeuvre

use

work

operation

noun

procedure

action

course

exercise

motion

movement

performance

process

operatic

[D.J.:ˌɔpəˈrætik]

[K.K.:ˌɑpəˈrætɪk]

adj.

歌剧的,歌剧风格的

operatic *

operatic
Operatic means relating to opera.

- ...the local amateur operatic society.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

operating room

operating room operating rooms
An operating room is the same as an operating theatre . (AM)
N-COUNT

operating system *

operating system operating systems
The operating system of a computer is its most basic program, which it needs in order to function and run other programs.
N-COUNT

operating table

operating table operating tables
An operating table is a table which a patient in a hospital lies on during a surgical operation.
N-COUNT

operating theatre

operating theatre operating theatres
An operating theatre is a special room in a hospital where surgeons carry out medical operations. (BRIT; in AM use operating room )
N-COUNT
= theatre

operational

[D.J.:ˌɔpəˈreiʃənəl]

[K.K.:ˌɑpəˈreʃənəl]

adj.

即可使用的

(用于)操作的, 经营的

operational **

1. operational
A machine or piece of equipment that is operational is in use or is ready for use.

- The whole system will be fully operational by December 1995.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

2. operational
Operational factors or problems relate to the working of a system, device, or plan.

- The nuclear industry was required to prove that every operational and safety aspect had been fully researched.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. operationally

- An all-female political section would have been operationally ineffective.

- The device had been used operationally some months previously.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV after v

operational

adjective

working

functional

going

operative

prepared

ready

up and running

usable

viable

workable

operative

[D.J.:ˈɔpərətɪv, -əˌreɪtɪv, ˈɔprə-]

[K.K.:ˈɑpərətɪv, -əˌretɪv, ˈɑprə-]

adj.

(计划、法律等)实施中的,起作用的

最适合的

the operative word

关键词句； 最重要的词句

operative **

1. operative
A system or service that is operative is working or having an effect. (FORMAL)

- The commercial telephone service was no longer operative.

- The Youth Training Scheme was operative by the end of 1983.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ
= in operation

2. operative operatives
An operative is a worker, especially one who does work with their hands. (FORMAL)

- In an automated car plant there is not a human operative to be seen.

N-COUNT

3. operative operatives
An operative is someone who works for a government agency such as the intelligence service. (mainly AM)

- Naturally the CIA wants to protect its operatives.

N-COUNT

4. operative
If you describe a word as the operative word , you want to draw attention to it because you think it is important or exactly true in a particular situation.

- As long as the operative word is `greed', you can't count on people keeping the costs down.

- A small dram of whisky may be prescribed by doctors for those over 60 to help them sleep. It is vital though to emphasize that `small' is the operative word.

PHR: N inflects

operative

adjective

1.

in force

active

effective

functioning

in operation

operational

noun

2.

worker

artisan

employee

labourer

operator

[D.J.:ˈɔpəreitə]

[K.K.:ˈɑpəˌretɚ]

n.

(机器、设备等的)操作员

电话接线员

operator ***

1. operator operators
An operator is a person who connects telephone calls at a telephone exchange or in a place such as an office or hotel.

- He dialled the operator and put in a call for Rome.

N-COUNT

2. operator operators
An operator is a person who is employed to operate or control a machine.

- ...computer operators.

N-COUNT: usu n N

3. operator operators
An operator is a person or a company that runs a business.

- ...`Tele-Communications', the nation's largest cable TV operator.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. operator operators
If you call someone a good operator , you mean that they are skilful at achieving what they want, often in a slightly dishonest way. (INFORMAL)

- He was a smart operator. Don't underestimate him.

- ...one of the shrewdest political operators in the Arab World.

N-COUNT: usu adj N

operator

noun

worker

conductor

driver

handler

mechanic

operative

practitioner

technician

operetta

[D.J.:ˌɔpəˈretə]

[K.K.:ˌɑpəˈrɛtə]

n.

轻歌剧,小歌剧

operetta

operetta operettas
An operetta is a light-hearted opera which has some of the words spoken rather than sung.
N-VAR

ophthalmic

[D.J.:ɔfˈθælmik]

[K.K.:ɑfˈθælmɪk, ɑp-]

adj.

眼的,眼科的

n.

眼药

ophthalmic

ophthalmic
Ophthalmic means relating to or concerned with the medical care of people's eyes. (FORMAL)

- Ophthalmic surgeons are now performing laser surgery to correct myopia.

ADJ: ADJ n

ophthalmologist

[D.J.:ˌɔfθælˈmɔlədʒist]

[K.K.:ˌɑfθəlˈmɑlədʒɪst, -θæl-, ˌɑp-]

n.

眼科专家,眼科医师

ophthalmologist

ophthalmologist ophthalmologists
An ophthalmologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diseases and problems affecting people's eyes.
N-COUNT

ophthalmology

[D.J.:ˌɔfθəlˈmɔlədʒi:, -θæl-, ˌɔp-]

[K.K.:ˌɑfθəlˈmɑlədʒi, -θæl-, ˌɑp-]

n.

眼科学

ophthalmology

ophthalmology
Ophthalmology is branch of medicine concerned with people's eyes and the problems that affect them.
N-UNCOUNT

opiate

[D.J.:ˈəʊpi:ɪt, -ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈopiɪt, -ˌet]

adj.

含鸦片的

催眠的

n.

鸦片制剂(通常用于镇痛或催眠)

缓和, 减轻

opiate

1. opiate opiates
An opiate is a drug that contains opium. Opiates are used to reduce pain or to help people to sleep.

- One woman suffered such severe pain she had to take opiates to control it.

N-COUNT

2. opiate opiates
If you call something an opiate , you disapprove of it because it makes people think less or spend less time on important activities.

- ...the opiate of mass entertainment...

- It was Karl Marx who said, `Religion is the opiate of the people'.

N-COUNT disapproval
= drug

opine

[D.J.:əuˈpain]

[K.K.:oˈpaɪn]

vt.

认为, 以为

opine

opine opines opining opined
To opine means to express your opinion. (FORMAL)

- `She's probably had a row with her boyfriend,' Charles opined.

- He opined that the navy would have to start again from the beginning.

VB

opinion

[D.J.:əˈpinjən]

[K.K.:əˈpɪnjən]

n.

意见, 看法, 主张

舆论

评价, 印象

专业性的鉴定, 劝告

opinion ****

1. opinion opinions
Your opinion about something is what you think or believe about it.

- I wasn't asking for your opinion, Dick.

- He held the opinion that a government should think before introducing a tax.

- Most who expressed an opinion spoke favorably of Thomas.

N-COUNT: oft poss N, N that

2. opinion
Your opinion of someone is your judgement of their character or ability.

- That improved Mrs Goole's already favourable opinion of him.

N-SING: usu supp N, N of n
= estimation

3. opinion
You can refer to the beliefs or views that people have as opinion .

- Some, I suppose, might even be in positions to influence opinion.

- There is a broad consensus of opinion about the policies which should be pursued.

N-UNCOUNT

4. opinion opinions
An opinion from an expert is the advice or judgement that they give you in the subject that they know a lot about.

- Even if you have had a regular physical check-up recently, you should still seek a medical opinion.

N-COUNT: usu sing

5. opinion
You add expressions such as ` in my opinion ' or ` in their opinion ' to a statement in order to indicate that it is what you or someone else thinks, and is not necessarily a fact.

- The book is, in Henry's opinion, the best book on the subject.

- Well he's not making a very good job of it in my opinion.

PHR: PHR with cl

6. opinion
If someone is of the opinion that something is the case, that is what they believe. (FORMAL)

- Frank is of the opinion that the 1934 yacht should have won.

PHR: v-link PHR that

opinion

noun

belief

assessment

feeling

idea

impression

judgment

point of view

sentiment

theory

view

opinionated

[D.J.:əˈpɪnjəˌneɪtɪd]

[K.K.:əˈpɪnjəˌnetɪd]

adj.

<贬>固执己见的,武断的

opinionated

opinionated
If you describe someone as opinionated , you mean that they have very strong opinions and refuse to accept that they may be wrong.

- She seemed frail but as strongly opinionated and prone to arguments as ever.

- Your article is full of some of the most opinionated rubbish I have ever read.

ADJ-GRADED

opinionated

adjective

dogmatic

bigoted

cocksure

doctrinaire

overbearing

pig-headed

prejudiced

single-minded

opinion former

opinion former opinion formers
Opinion formers are people who have a lot of influence over what the public thinks about things.
N-COUNT also opinion maker

opinion poll **

opinion poll opinion polls
An opinion poll involves asking people's opinions on a particular subject, especially one concerning politics.

- Nearly three-quarters of people questioned in an opinion poll agreed with the government's decision.

N-COUNT
= poll

opium

[D.J.:ˈəʊpi:əm]

[K.K.:ˈopiəm]

n.

鸦片

opium *

opium
Opium is a powerful drug made from the seeds of a type of poppy. Opium is used in medicines that relieve pain or help someone sleep.
N-UNCOUNT

opossum

[D.J.:əˈpɔsəm]

[K.K.:əˈpɑsəm, ˈpɑsəm]

n.

尾有卷握力的小有袋动物,负鼠,〈美口〉装死,装蒜

opossum

opossum opossums
An opossum is a small animal that lives in America. It carries its young in a pouch on its body, and has thick fur and a long tail.
N-VAR

opponent

[D.J.:əˈpəunənt]

[K.K.:əˈponənt]

n.

对手, 敌手

反对者

opponent ***

1. opponent opponents
A politician's opponents are other politicians who belong to a different party or who have different aims or policies.

- ...Mr Kennedy's opponent in the leadership contest...

- He described the detention without trial of political opponents as a cowardly act.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

2. opponent opponents
In a sporting contest, your opponent is the person who is playing against you.

- Norris twice knocked down his opponent in the early rounds of the fight.

- He's the best opponent I've come across this season, a great player.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

3. opponent opponents
The opponents of an idea or policy do not agree with it and do not want it to be carried out.

- ...opponents of the spread of nuclear weapons...

- He became an outspoken opponent of the old Soviet system.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
≠ supporter

opponent

noun

competitor

adversary

antagonist

challenger

contestant

enemy

foe

rival

opportune

[D.J.:ˌɔpəˈtu:n, -ˈtju:n]

[K.K.:ˌɑpɚˈtun, -ˈtjun]

adj.

(时间)合适的,恰好的;及时的,适时的

opportunely

adv.

恰好地,适时地

opportuneness

n.

恰好,适时,及时

opportune

opportune
If something happens at an opportune time or is opportune , it happens at the time that is most convenient for someone or most likely to lead to success. (FORMAL)

- I believe that I have arrived at a very opportune moment.

- The timing of the meetings was opportune.

ADJ-GRADED
= providential

opportune

adjective

timely

advantageous

appropriate

apt

auspicious

convenient

favourable

fitting

suitable

well-timed

opportunism

[D.J.:ˈɔpətju:nɪzɵm]

n.

<贬>机会主义,投机取巧

opportunism

opportunism
If you refer to someone's behaviour as opportunism , you are criticizing them for taking advantage of any opportunity that occurs in order to gain money or power, without thinking about whether their actions are right or wrong.

- The Energy Minister responded by saying that the opposition's concern for the environment was political opportunism.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

opportunism

noun

expediency

exploitation

pragmatism

unscrupulousness

opportunist

[D.J.:ˌɔpəˈtu:nɪst, -ˈtju:-]

[K.K.:ˌɑpɚˈtunɪst, -ˈtju-]

n.

<贬>机会主义者

opportunist *

1. opportunist
If you describe someone as opportunist , you are critical of them because they take advantage of any situation in order to gain money or power, without considering whether their actions are right or wrong.

- ...corrupt and opportunist politicians.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

2. opportunist opportunists
An opportunist is someone who is opportunist.

- Like most successful politicians, Sinclair was an opportunist.

- Car thieves are opportunists.

N-COUNT

3. opportunist
Opportunist actions are not planned, but are carried out in order to take advantage of a situation that has just occurred.

- Eric Cantona made the game safe with a brilliant opportunist goal.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

opportunistic

[D.J.:ˌɔpətju:ˈnistik]

[K.K.:ˌɑpətuˈnɪstɪk, -tju-]

adj.

机会主义的,机会主义者的

opportunistic *

1. opportunistic
If you describe someone's behaviour as opportunistic , you are critical of them because they take advantage of situations in order to gain money or power, without thinking about whether their actions are right or wrong.

- Many of the party's members joined only for opportunistic reasons.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. opportunistically

- This nationalist feeling has been exploited opportunistically by several important politicians.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

opportunity

[D.J.:ˌɔpəˈtju:niti]

[K.K.:ˌɑpɚˈtunɪti, -ˈtju-]

n.

机会, 时机

opportunity ****

opportunity opportunities
An opportunity is a situation in which it is possible for you to do something that you want to do.

- I had an opportunity to go to New York and study.

- The best reason for a trip to London is the super opportunity for shopping.

- I want to see more opportunities for young people.

- ...equal opportunities in employment.

N-VAR: oft N to-inf, N for n/-ing
See also photo opportunity .

opportunity

noun

chance

moment

occasion

opening

scope

time

oppose

[D.J.:əˈpəuz]

[K.K.:əˈpoz]

vt. & vi.

反对; 使相对

opposed

[D.J.:əˈpəuzd]

adj.

强烈反对某事物的

as opposed to

(表示对比)而，相对于

opposing

[əˈpəuziŋ]

adj.

反作用的,反向的,相反的,对立的

oppose ***

oppose opposes opposing opposed
If you oppose someone or oppose their plans or ideas, you disagree with what they want to do and try to prevent them from doing it.

- Mr Taylor was not bitter towards those who had opposed him.

- Many parents oppose bilingual education in schools.

VB
= be against

opposed ***

1. opposed
If you are opposed to something, you disagree with it or disapprove of it.

- I am utterly opposed to any form of terrorism.

- We are strongly opposed to the presence of America in this region.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n/-ing
= against

2. opposed
You say that two ideas or systems are opposed when they are opposite to each other or very different from each other.

- ...people with policies almost diametrically opposed to his own...

- This was a straight conflict of directly opposed aims.

ADJ: oft ADJ to n
= opposite

3. opposed
You use as opposed to when you want to make it clear that you are talking about one particular thing and not something else.

- We ate in the restaurant, as opposed to the bistro.

PHR: PHR group
= rather than

opposing *

1. opposing
Opposing ideas or tendencies are totally different from each other.

- I have a friend who has the opposing view and felt that the war was immoral.

- Water is the opposing force to fire.

ADJ: ADJ n
= opposite

2. opposing
Opposing groups of people disagree about something or are in competition with one another.

- The Georgian leader said in a radio address that he still favoured dialogue between the opposing sides.

- The opposing team must in turn try to keep the ball in the air before hitting it back over the net.

ADJ: ADJ n

oppose

verb

fight

block

combat

counter

defy

resist

take issue with

take on

thwart

withstand

opposed

adjective

averse

antagonistic

clashing

conflicting

contrary

dissentient

hostile

opposing

adjective

hostile

conflicting

contrary

enemy

incompatible

opposite

rival

opposite

[D.J.:ˈɔpəzit]

[K.K.:ˈɑpəzɪt]

prep.

(表示位置)在…的对面; 在旁边, 接着; 与…在一排

(表示方式)与…联合主演

adj.

对面的

相反的, 对立的

n.

对立面, 对立物, 相反的人[事物]

opposite ***

1. opposite
If one thing is opposite another, it is on the other side of a space from it.

- Jennie had sat opposite her at breakfast.

PREP

2. opposite
Also an adverb.

- He looked up at the buildings opposite, but could see no open window.

- Melissa slid in beside Paula, and her husband sat opposite.

ADV: usu n ADV, ADV after v

3. opposite
The opposite side or part of something is the side or part that is furthest away from you.

- ...the opposite corner of the room.

ADJ: ADJ n
= far

4. opposite
Opposite is used to describe things of the same kind which are completely different in a particular way. For example, north and south are opposite directions, and winning and losing are opposite results in a game.

- All the cars driving in the opposite direction had their headlights on.

- I should have written the notes in the opposite order.

- In fact everything he does is opposite to what is considered normal behaviour.

ADJ: usu ADJ n, also v-link ADJ to n, v-link ADJ

5. opposite opposites
The opposite of someone or something is the person or thing that is most different from them.

- Ritter was a very complex man but Marius was the opposite, a simple farmer.

- Well, whatever he says you can bet he's thinking the opposite.

- What's the opposite of white?

N-COUNT: usu the N, oft the N of n
= reverse

opposite

adjective

1.

facing

fronting

2.

different

antithetical

conflicting

contrary

contrasted

reverse

unlike

noun

3.

reverse

antithesis

contradiction

contrary

converse

inverse

opposite number *

opposite number opposite numbers
Your opposite number is a person who has the same job or rank as you, but works in a different department, firm, or organization. (JOURNALISM)

- The French Defence Minister is to visit Japan later this month for talks with his Japanese opposite number.

- Mr Burlatsky had been invited by his European parliament opposite number, Mr Ken Coates.

N-COUNT: usu poss N
= counterpart

opposite sex *

opposite sex
If you are talking about men and refer to the opposite sex , you mean women. If you are talking about women and refer to the opposite sex , you mean men.

- These people, usually men, seem unable to relate to the opposite sex.

- Body language can also be used to attract members of the opposite sex.

N-SING: the N

opposition

[D.J.:ˌɔpəˈzɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən]

n.

反对,敌对

对手,对抗者

(尤指执政党最主要的)反对党,在野党

in opposition to sb/sth

强烈反对(或抵制)某人/某事物

对比；对照

oppositional

adj.

反对的,对抗的

oppositionist

n.

反对党人

oppositional

[ˌɔpəˈziʃnəl]

adj.

反对的,对抗的

oppositionist

[D.J.:ˌɔpəˈziʃnist]

[K.K.:ˌɑpəˈzɪʃənɪst]

n.

反对党人,反对派成员

opposition ****

1. opposition
Opposition is strong, angry, or violent disagreement and disapproval.

- The government is facing a new wave of opposition in the form of a student strike.

- Much of the opposition to this plan has come from the media.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n

2. opposition oppositions
The opposition is the political parties or groups that are opposed to a government.

- The main opposition parties boycotted the election, saying it would not be conducted fairly.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu sing, oft N n

3. opposition oppositions
In a country's parliament or legislature, the opposition refers to the politicians or political parties that form part of the parliament or legislature, but are not the government.

- ...the Leader of the Opposition.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu sing, oft the N

4. opposition
The opposition is the person or team you are competing against in a sports event.

- Poland provide the opposition for the Scots' last warm-up match at home.

N-SING-COLL

opposition

noun

1.

hostility

antagonism

competition

disapproval

obstruction

prevention

resistance

unfriendliness

2.

opponent

antagonist

competition

foe

other side

rival

oppress

[D.J.:əˈpres]

[K.K.:əˈprɛs]

vt.

使烦恼

压迫, 压制

oppressed

[əˈprest]

adj.

受压迫的, 受压制的

oppress

1. oppress oppresses oppressing oppressed
To oppress people means to treat them cruelly, or to prevent them from having the same opportunities, freedom, and benefits as others.

- These people often are oppressed by the governments of the countries they find themselves in.

- We are not normal like everybody else. If we were they wouldn't be oppressing us.

VB

2. oppress oppresses oppressing oppressed
If something oppresses you, it makes you feel depressed, anxious, and uncomfortable. (LITERARY)

- The place oppressed Aubrey even before his eyes adjusted to the dark.

- It was not just the weather which oppressed her.

VB
= depressed

oppressed *

1. oppressed
People who are oppressed are treated cruelly or are prevented from having the same opportunities, freedom, and benefits as others.

- Before they took power, they felt oppressed by the white English speakers who controlled things.

- The socialist standpoint is that there should be no division between any oppressed group.

ADJ-GRADED

2. oppressed
The oppressed are people who are oppressed.

- ...a sense of community with the poor and oppressed.

N-PLURAL: the N
= downtrodden

oppress

verb

1.

depress

afflict

burden

dispirit

harass

sadden

torment

vex

2.

persecute

abuse

maltreat

subdue

subjugate

suppress

wrong

oppressed

adjective

downtrodden

abused

browbeaten

disadvantaged

harassed

maltreated

tyrannized

underprivileged

oppression

[D.J.:əˈpreʃən]

[K.K.:əˈprɛʃən]

n.

压迫, 压制;压抑, 郁闷

oppression *

oppression
Oppression is the cruel or unfair treatment of a group of people.

- ...an attempt to escape political oppression.

- ...the oppression of the 19th-century poor by the rich.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, oft N of n

oppression

noun

persecution

abuse

brutality

cruelty

injury

injustice

maltreatment

subjection

tyranny

oppressive

[D.J.:əˈpresɪv]

[K.K.:əˈprɛsɪv]

adj.

暴虐的,残酷的;不公平的

郁闷的,难以忍受的

oppressively

adv.

沉重地,烦闷地

oppressively

adv.

压迫地,沉重地

oppressive *

1. oppressive
If you describe a society, its laws, or customs as oppressive , you think they treat people cruelly and unfairly.

- The new laws will be just as oppressive as those they replace.

- ...refugees from the oppressive regime.

ADJ-GRADED
= repressive

2. oppressive
If you describe the weather or the atmosphere in a room as oppressive , you mean that it is unpleasantly hot and damp.

- The oppressive afternoon heat had quite tired him out.

- The little room was windowless and oppressive.

ADJ-GRADED
= stifling

3. oppressive
An oppressive situation makes you feel depressed and uncomfortable.

- ...the oppressive sadness that weighed upon him like a physical pain.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

oppressive

adjective

1.

tyrannical

brutal

cruel

despotic

harsh

inhuman

repressive

severe

unjust

2.

sultry

airless

close

muggy

stifling

stuffy

oppressor

[D.J.:əˈpresə]

n.

压迫者,暴君

oppressor

oppressor oppressors
An oppressor is a person or group of people that is treating another person or group of people cruelly or unfairly.

- Lacking sovereignty, they could organise no defence against their oppressors.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

oppressor

noun

persecutor

autocrat

bully

despot

scourge

slave-driver

tormentor

tyrant

opprobrium

[D.J.:əˈprəʊbri:əm]

[K.K.:əˈprobriəm]

n.

<正>耻辱;羞辱

opprobrium

opprobrium
Opprobrium is open criticism or disapproval of something that someone has done. (FORMAL)

- His political opinions have attracted the opprobrium of the Left.

- ...public opprobrium.

N-UNCOUNT
= censure

opt

[D.J.:ɔpt]

[K.K.:ɑpt]

vi.

选择, 挑选

opt ***

opt opts opting opted
If you opt for something, or opt to do something, you choose it or decide to do it in preference to anything else.

- Depending on your circumstances you may wish to opt for one method or the other.

- Our students can also opt to stay in residence.

VB

opt

verb

often with for

choose

decide (on)

elect

go for

plump for

prefer

opt in ***

opt in opts in; opting in; opted in
If you can opt in , you are able to choose to be part of an agreement or system.

- He proposed that only those countries which were willing and able should opt in to phase three.

- He didn't exactly opt out because he never opted in.

PHR-V

opt out ***

opt out opts out; opting out; opted out
If you opt out of something, you choose to be no longer involved in it.

- ... powers for hospitals to opt out of health authority control...

- Under the agreement the Vietnamese can opt out at any time.

- ...his decision to send his son to an opted-out school.

PHR-V

optic

[D.J.:ˈɔptɪk]

[K.K.:ˈɑptɪk]

adj.

眼睛的,视觉的

optic *

optic
Optic means relating to the eyes or to sight.

- The reason for this is that the optic nerve is a part of the brain.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also optics .

optical

[D.J.:ˈɔptikəl]

[K.K.:ˈɑptɪkəl]

adj.

视觉的, 视力的

光学的, 光的

optical *

optical
Optical devices, processes, and effects involve or relate to vision, light, or images.

- ...optical telescopes.

- ...the optical effects of volcanic dust in the stratosphere.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

optical fibre

optical fibre optical fibres
An optical fibre is a very thin thread of glass inside a protective coating. Optical fibres are used to carry information in the form of light.

- Nearly every long-distance call made in Britain now travels on optical fibre instead of cable.

- ...an optical fibre network to which every home and office can be connected.

N-VAR (AM) optical fiber

optical illusion

optical illusion optical illusions
An optical illusion is something that tricks your eyes so that what you think you see is different from what is really there.

- Sloping walls on the bulk of the building create an optical illusion.

N-COUNT

optician

[D.J.:ɔpˈtɪʃən]

[K.K.:ɑpˈtɪʃən]

n.

眼镜(制造)商;配制眼镜技师

optician

1. optician opticians
An optician is someone whose job involves testing people's sight, and making or selling glasses and contact lenses.
N-COUNT

2. optician opticians
An optician or an optician's is a shop where you can have your eyes tested and buy glasses and contact lenses.

- Some may need specialist treatment at the optician's.

N-COUNT: oft the N

optics

[D.J.:ˈɔptɪks]

[K.K.:ˈɑptɪks]

n.

光学

optics *

optics
Optics is the branch of science concerned with vision, sight, and light.
N-UNCOUNT
See also fibre optics .

optimism

[D.J.:ˈɔptimizəm]

[K.K.:ˈɑptəˌmɪzəm]

n.

乐观, 乐观主义

optimism **

optimism
Optimism is the feeling of being hopeful about the future or about the success of something in particular.

- The Indian Prime Minister has expressed optimism about India's future relations with the USA.

- ...a mood of cautious optimism.

N-UNCOUNT
= confidence ≠ pessimism

optimist

[D.J.:ˈɔptəmɪst]

[K.K.:ˈɑptəmɪst]

n.

乐观主义者

optimist *

optimist optimists
An optimist is someone who is hopeful about the future.

- He has the upbeat manner of an eternal optimist.

N-COUNT
≠ pessimist

optimistic

[ˌɔptiˈmistik]

adj.

乐观的, 乐观主义的

optimistically

[D.J.:ɔptəˈmɪstɪklɪ]

[K.K.:ɑptəˈmɪstɪklɪ]

adv.

乐观地;乐天地

optimistic ***

1. optimistic
Someone who is optimistic is hopeful about the future or the success of something in particular.

- The President says she is optimistic that an agreement can be worked out soon.

- Michael was in a jovial and optimistic mood.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n, ADJ that
= confident ≠ pessimistic

2. optimistically

- Both sides have spoken optimistically about the talks.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
≠ pessimistically

optimistic

adjective

hopeful

buoyant

cheerful

confident

encouraged

expectant

positive

rosy

sanguine

optimize

[D.J.:ˈɔptəˌmaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈɑptəˌmaɪz]

vt.

使最优化,使尽可能有效

optimize

1. optimize optimizes optimizing optimized
To optimize a plan, system, or machine means to arrange or design it so that it operates as smoothly and efficiently as possible. (FORMAL)

- Doctors are concentrating on understanding the disease better, and on optimizing the treatment.

- The new systems have been optimised for running Microsoft Windows.

VB (BRIT) also optimise

2. optimize optimizes optimizing optimized
To optimize a situation or opportunity means to get as much advantage or benefit from it as you can. (FORMAL)

- What can you do to optimize your family situation?

VB (BRIT) also optimise

optimum

[D.J.:ˈɔptiməm]

[K.K.:ˈɑptəməm]

adj.

最适宜的; 最有利的

optimum *

optimum
The optimum or optimal level or state of something is the best level or state that it could achieve. (FORMAL)

- Aim to do some physical activity three times a week for optimum health.

- ...regions in which optimal conditions for farming can be created.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= ideal

optimum

adjective

ideal

best

highest

optimal

peak

perfect

superlative

option

[D.J.:ˈɔpʃən]

[K.K.:ˈɑpʃən]

n.

选择(的自由)

可选择的办法

附件, 配件

买卖选择权, 期权

option ****

1. option options
An option is something that you can choose to do in preference to one or more alternatives.

- He's argued from the start that America and its allies are putting too much emphasis on the military option.

- What other options do you have?

N-COUNT
= choice

2. option
If you have the option to do something, you can choose whether to do it or not.

- Criminals are given the option of going to jail or facing public humiliation.

- We had no option but to abandon the meeting.

N-SING: oft N of n/-ing, N to-inf
= choice

3. option options
In business, an option is an agreement or contract that gives someone the right to buy or sell something such as property or shares at a future date. (TECHNICAL)

- Each bank has granted the other an option on 19.9% of its shares.

N-COUNT

4. option options
An option is one of a number of subjects which a student can choose to study as a part of his or her course.

- Several options are offered for the student's senior year.

N-COUNT

5. option
If you keep your options open or leave your options open , you delay making a decision about something.

- I am keeping my options open. I have not made a decision on either matter.

PHR: V inflects
≠ commit yourself

6. option
If you take the soft option , you do the thing that is easiest or least likely to cause trouble in a particular situation. (mainly BRIT)

- We take the soft option. I like to keep the crowd happy because that's what they pay for.

- The job of chairman can no longer be regarded as a convenient soft option.

PHR: N inflects
= easy option

option

noun

choice

alternative

preference

selection

optional

[D.J.:ˈɔpʃənl]

[K.K.:ˈɑpʃənəl]

adj.

可选择的, 非强制的

optional *

optional
If something is optional , you can choose whether or not you do it or have it.

- A holiday isn't an optional extra. In this stressful, frantic world it's a must.

- Sex education is a sensitive area for some parents, and thus it should remain optional.

ADJ
≠ mandatory compulsory

optional

adjective

voluntary

discretionary

elective

extra

open

possible

opt-out *

1. opt-out
An opt-out school or hospital has chosen to leave local government control and manage itself using national government money. (BRIT)

- ...teachers at opt-out schools.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. opt-out opt-outs
You can refer to the action taken by a school or hospital in which they choose not to be controlled by a local government authority as an opt-out . (BRIT)

- More freedom and choice will be given to parents, and the school opt-outs will be stepped up.

N-COUNT

3. opt-out
An opt-out clause in an agreement gives people the choice not to be involved in one part of that agreement. (mainly BRIT)

- ...an opt-out clause.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. opt-out opt-outs
You can refer to the action of choosing not to be involved in a particular part of an agreement as an opt-out .

- ...a list of demands, such as opt-outs from some parts of the treaty.

N-COUNT

opulence

[D.J.:ˈɔpjələns]

[K.K.:ˈɑpjələns]

n.

富裕,富饶

opulent

[D.J.:ˈɔpjələnt]

[K.K.:ˈɑpjələnt]

adj.

富裕的,豪华的

<正>富足的,充足的;繁茂的

opulently

adv.

富裕地,豪华地

opulently

adv.

丰裕地,富裕地

opulent *

1. opulent
Opulent things or places look grand and expensive. (FORMAL)

- ...an opulent office on Wimpole Street in London's West End.

ADJ-GRADED
= sumptuous

2. opulence

- ...the elegant opulence of the German embassy.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. opulent
Opulent people are very wealthy and spend a lot of money. (FORMAL)

- Most of the cash went on supporting his opulent lifestyle.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= affluent

opulence

noun

1.

wealth

affluence

luxuriance

luxury

plenty

prosperity

riches

2.

abundance

copiousness

cornucopia

fullness

profusion

richness

superabundance

opulent

adjective

1.

rich

affluent

lavish

luxurious

moneyed

prosperous

sumptuous

wealthy

well-off

well-to-do

2.

abundant

copious

lavish

luxuriant

plentiful

profuse

prolific

or

[D.J.:ɔ:, ə]

[K.K.:ɔr]

conj.

或, 或者; 还是

否则, 要不然

也不

or *****

1. or
You use or to link two or more alternatives.

- `Tea or coffee?' John asked.

- Was she blonde or brunette?.

- Spread the inside of the loaf with olive paste or pesto sauce for extra flavour.

- He said he would try to write or call as soon as he reached the Canary Islands.

- Students are asked to take another course in English, or science, or mathematics.

CONJ-COORD

2. or
You use or to give another alternative, when the first alternative is introduced by `either' or `whether'.

- Items like bread, milk and meat were either unavailable or could be obtained only on the black market.

- Either you can talk to him, or I will.

- I don't know whether people will buy it or not.

- I am not sure whether I was knocked over by the blast or whether I just fell.

- The bathroom has taken a lot longer to get right than either Elaine or Dennis had envisaged.

CONJ-COORD

3. or
You use or between two numbers to indicate that you are giving an approximate amount.

- Everyone benefited from limiting their intake of tea to just three or four cups a day.

- When I was nine or ten someone explained to me that when you are grown up you have to work.

- Normally he asked questions, and had a humorous remark or two.

CONJ-COORD

4. or
You use or to introduce a comment which corrects or modifies what you have just said.

- The man was a fool, he thought, or at least incompetent.

- There was nothing more he wanted, or so he thought.

- That was sporting of him. Or should I say cowardly.

- She was aware of tension between them. Or had it been there from the beginning?

CONJ-COORD

5. or
If you say that someone should do something or something unpleasant will happen, you are warning them that if they do not do it, the unpleasant thing will happen.

- She had to have the operation, or she would die.

CONJ-COORD
= otherwise

6. or
You use or to introduce something which is evidence for the truth of a statement you have just made.

- He must have thought Jane was worth it or he wouldn't have wasted time on her, I suppose.

CONJ-COORD
= otherwise

7. or
You use or no or or not to emphasize that a particular thing makes no difference to what is going to happen.

- Chairman or no, if I want to stop the project, I can.

- The first difficulty is that, old-fashioned or not, it is very good.

PHR: group PHR emphasis

8. or
You use or no between two occurrences of the same noun in order to say that whether something is true or not makes no difference to a situation.

- The next day, rain or no rain, it was business as usual.

- Oil or no oil, Serbia has troubles.

PHR: n PHR n

-or

-or
-or is used at the end of nouns that refer to people or things which perform a particular action.

- ...a major investor.

- ...the translator.

- ...an electric generator.

SUFFIX

oracle

[D.J.:ˈɔ:rəkəl, ˈɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈɔrəkəl, ˈɑr-]

n.

神示所

神谕

圣贤,哲人

oracle

oracle oracles
In ancient Greece, an oracle was a priest or priestess who made statements about future events or about the truth.
N-COUNT

oracle

noun

1.

prophecy

divination

prediction

prognostication

revelation

2.

pundit

adviser

authority

guru

mastermind

mentor

wizard

oral

[D.J.:ˈɔrəl]

[K.K.:ˈɔrəl]

adj.

口头的, 口述的

口服的

orally

[D.J.:ˈ ɔ:rəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈorəlɪ]

adv.

口头地,口述地

口服地

orally

adv.

口头上地,口述地

oral **

1. oral
Oral communication is spoken rather than written.

- ...the written and oral traditions of ancient cultures.

- ...an oral agreement.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. orally

- ...their ability to present ideas orally and in writing.

ADV: ADV after v

3. oral orals
An oral is an examination, especially in a foreign language, that is spoken rather than written.

- I spoke privately to the candidate after the oral.

N-COUNT

4. oral
You use oral to indicate that something is done with a person's mouth or relates to a person's mouth.

- ...good oral hygiene.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

5. oral
Oral medicines are taken by mouth.

- ...oral contraceptives.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. orally

- ...antibiotic tablets taken orally.

ADV: usu ADV after v

oral

adjective

spoken

verbal

vocal

oral history

oral history oral histories
Oral history consists of spoken memories, stories, and songs, and the study of these, as a way of communicating and discovering information about the past.
N-VAR

oral sex

oral sex
Oral sex is sexual activity involving contact between a person's mouth and their partner's genitals.
N-UNCOUNT

orange

[D.J.:ˈɔrin dʒ]

[K.K.:ˈɔrɪndʒ, ˈɑr-]

n.

橙, 柑, 橘

橘黄色, 橙色

adj.

橙色的

orange ****

1. orange oranges
Something that is orange is of a colour between red and yellow.

- ...men in bright orange uniforms.

COLOUR

2. orange oranges
An orange is a round juicy fruit with a thick, orange coloured skin.

- An orange a day will give you all the vitamin C you need.

- ...orange trees.

- ...fresh orange juice.

N-VAR: oft N n

3. orange
Orange is a drink that is made from or tastes of oranges.

- ...vodka and orange.

N-UNCOUNT

orange blossom

orange blossom
The flowers of the orange tree are called orange blossom . Orange blossom is white and is traditionally associated with weddings in Europe and America.
N-UNCOUNT

orangery

[D.J.:ˈɔrindʒəri]

[K.K.:ˈɔrɪndʒri, ˈɑr-]

n.

橘园,橘子的温室

orangery

orangery orangeries
An orangery is a building with glass walls and roof which is used for growing orange trees and other plants which need to be kept warm.
N-COUNT

orangey

[ˈɔrindʒi,ˈɔ:rindʒi]

adj.

(尤指在颜色或滋味方面)似橙的

orangey

1. orangey
Orangey means slightly orange in colour.

- He used to have orangey coloured hair.

ADJ-GRADED

2. orangey
Also a combining form.

- The hall is decorated in bright orangey-red with black and gold woodwork.

COMB in COLOUR

orang-utan

[ɔ:ˌræŋu:ˈtæn]

n.

猩猩

orang-utan

orang-utan orang-utans
An orang-utan is an ape with long reddish hair that comes from Borneo and Sumatra.
N-COUNT also orang-utang , orangutan , orang-outan .

oration

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈreɪʃən, əʊˈreɪ-]

[K.K.:ɔˈreʃən, oˈre-]

n.

(正式仪式中的)演说,演讲

oration

oration orations
An oration is a formal speech made in public. (FORMAL)

- ...a brief funeral oration.

N-COUNT: oft supp N
= address

oration

noun

speech

address

discourse

harangue

homily

lecture

orator

[D.J.:ˈɔ:rətə, ˈɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈɔrətɚ, ˈɑr-]

n.

演说者, 演讲家

orator

orator orators
An orator is someone who is skilled at making formal speeches, especially ones which affect people's feelings and beliefs.

- Lenin was the great orator of the Russian Revolution.

N-COUNT: oft adj N
= public speaker

orator

noun

public speaker

declaimer

lecturer

rhetorician

speaker

oratorical

[D.J.:ˌɔrəˈtɔrikəl]

[K.K.:ˌɔrəˈtɔrɪkəl, ˌɑrəˈtɑr-]

adj.

演说的,雄辩的

oratorical

oratorical
Oratorical means relating to or using oratory. (FORMAL)

- He reached oratorical heights which left him and some of his players in tears.

ADJ: ADJ n
= rhetorical

oratorical

adjective

rhetorical

bombastic

declamatory

eloquent

grandiloquent

high-flown

magniloquent

sonorous

oratorio

[D.J.:ˌɔ:rəˈtɔ:ri:ˌəʊ, -ˈtəʊr-, ˌɔr-]

[K.K.:ˌɔrəˈtɔriˌo, -ˈtor-, ˌɑr-]

n.

(以宗教为主题的)清唱剧,神剧

oratorio

oratorio oratorios
An oratorio is a long piece of music with a religious theme which is written for singers and an orchestra.

- ...Handel's oratorio `Samson'.

N-COUNT

oratory

[D.J.:ˈɔ:rəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:, ˈɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈɔrəˌtɔri, -ˌtori, ˈɑr-]

n.

演讲术

(用长词或正式词语的)词藻华丽的言辞

oratory

1. oratory
Oratory is the art of making formal speeches which strongly affect people's feelings and beliefs. (FORMAL)

- He displayed determination as well as powerful oratory.

N-UNCOUNT
= rhetoric

2. oratory oratories
An oratory is a room or building where Christians go to pray.

- The wedding will be at the Brompton Oratory next month.

N-COUNT: oft in names

oratory

noun

eloquence

declamation

elocution

grandiloquence

public speaking

rhetoric

speech-making

orb

[D.J.:ɔ:b]

[K.K.:ɔrb]

n.

球,天体,圆形物

v.

弄圆,成球形,围着,〈古〉沿着轨道移动

orb

1. orb orbs
An orb is something that is shaped like a ball, for example the sun or moon. (LITERARY)

- The moon's round orb would shine high in the sky, casting its velvety light on everything.

N-COUNT
= sphere

2. orb orbs
An orb is a small, ornamental ball with a cross on top that is carried by a king or queen at important ceremonies.
N-COUNT

orb

noun

sphere

ball

circle

globe

ring

orbit

[D.J.:ˈɔ:bit]

[K.K.:ˈɔrbɪt]

n.

轨道

vt. & vi.

在…轨道上运行, 环绕轨道运行

orbiting

轨道运行,旋转运动;转圈

orbit **

1. orbit orbits
An orbit is the curved path in space that is followed by an object going round and round a planet, moon, or star.

- Mars and Earth have orbits which change with time.

- The planet is probably in orbit around a small star.

N-COUNT: also in/into N

2. orbit orbits orbiting orbited
If something such as a satellite orbits a planet, moon, or sun, it moves around it in a continuous, curving path.

- In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the first satellite to orbit the earth.

VB
= circle

3. orbit
The orbit of a particular person, group, or institution is the area over which they have influence.

- In the late 1970s Laos fell within the orbit of Vietnam and the Soviet Union.

N-SING: with supp, oft with poss

orbit

noun

1.

path

circle

course

cycle

revolution

rotation

trajectory

2.

sphere of influence

ambit

compass

domain

influence

range

reach

scope

sweep

verb

3.

circle

circumnavigate

encircle

revolve around

orbital

[D.J.:ˈɔ:bɪtl]

[K.K.:ˈɔrbɪtl..]

adj.

(星体的或人造飞行物体的)轨道的;势力范围的

orbital *

1. orbital
An orbital road goes all the way round a large city. (mainly BRIT; in AM use beltway )

- ...a new orbital road round Paris.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. orbital
Orbital describes things relating to the orbit of an object in space.

- The newly discovered world followed an orbital path unlike that of any other planet.

ADJ: ADJ n

orchard

[D.J.:ˈɔ:tʃəd]

[K.K.:ˈɔrtʃəd]

n.

(通常指围起来的)果园

orchard *

orchard orchards
An orchard is an area of land on which fruit trees are grown.
N-COUNT

orchestra

[D.J.:ˈɔ:kistrə]

[K.K.:ˈɔrkɪstrə, -ˌkɛstrə]

n.

管弦乐队

orchestra **

1. orchestra orchestras
An orchestra is a large group of musicians who play a variety of different instruments together. Orchestras usually play classical music.

- ...the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra.

N-COUNT: oft in names
See also chamber orchestra , symphony orchestra .

2. orchestra
The orchestra or the orchestra seats in a theatre or concert hall are the seats on the ground floor directly in front of the stage. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use stalls )
N-SING: usu the N, N n

orchestral

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈkestrəl]

[K.K.:ˈɔrkɪstrəl, -ˌkɛstrəl]

adj.

管弦乐队(演奏)的; 为管弦乐队创作的

orchestral *

orchestral
Orchestral means relating to an orchestra and the music it plays.

- ...an orchestral concert.

ADJ: ADJ n

orchestra pit

orchestra pit
In a theatre, the orchestra pit is the space reserved for the musicians playing the music for an opera, musical, or ballet, immediately in front of or below the stage.
N-SING

orchestrate

[D.J.:ˈɔ:kɪˌstreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɔrkɪˌstret]

vt.

把(乐曲)编成管弦乐

和谐地安排;精心策划

orchestration

[D.J.:ˌɔ:kiˈstreiʃn]

[K.K.:ˌɔrkɪˈstreʃən]

n.

管弦乐编曲,管弦乐作曲法

orchestrate *

1. orchestrate orchestrates orchestrating orchestrated
If you say that someone orchestrates an event or situation, you mean that they carefully organize it in a way that will produce the result that they want.

- The colonel was able to orchestrate a rebellion from inside an army jail.

- ...a carefully orchestrated campaign.

VB
= stage-manage

2. orchestration

- ...his skilful orchestration of latent nationalist feeling.

N-UNCOUNT

3. orchestrate orchestrates orchestrating orchestrated
When someone orchestrates a piece of music, they write the individual parts to be played by the different instruments of an orchestra.

- He was orchestrating the second act of his opera.

VB
= arrange

4. orchestration

- ...my first lessons in orchestration.

N-UNCOUNT

orchestration

orchestration orchestrations
An orchestration is a piece of music that has been rewritten so that it can be played by an orchestra.

- Mahler's own imaginative orchestration was heard in the same concert.

N-COUNT
= arrangement

orchestrate

verb

1.

score

arrange

2.

organize

arrange

coordinate

put together

set up

stage-manage

orchid

[D.J.:ˈɔ:kɪd]

[K.K.:ˈɔrkɪd]

n.

兰花

orchid

orchid orchids
Orchids are plants with brightly coloured, unusually shaped flowers.
N-COUNT

ordain

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈdeɪn]

[K.K.:ɔrˈden]

vt.

任命(某人)为牧师, 授予(某人)圣职

(上帝、法律等)命令;判定

ordain *

1. ordain ordains ordaining ordained
When someone is ordained , they are made a member of the clergy in a religious ceremony.

- He was ordained a Catholic priest in 1982.

- Women have been ordained for many years in the Church of Scotland.

- He ordained his own priests, and threatened to ordain bishops.

- The church's ruling body voted to ordain women as priests.

- ...plans to ordain women to the priesthood...

- He became a fully ordained monk at the age of 20.

VB

2. ordain ordains ordaining ordained
If some authority or power ordains something, they decide that it should happen or be in existence. (FORMAL)

- Nehru ordained that socialism should rule.

- His rule was ordained by heaven.

- The recession may already be severe enough to ordain structural change.

VB
= decree

ordain

verb

1.

appoint

anoint

consecrate

invest

nominate

2.

order

decree

demand

dictate

fix

lay down

legislate

prescribe

rule

will

ordeal

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈdi:l]

[K.K.:ɔrˈdil]

n.

严峻的考验; 苦难的经历

ordeal **

ordeal ordeals
If you describe an experience or situation as an ordeal , you think it is difficult and unpleasant.

- ...the painful ordeal of the last eight months...

- She described her agonising ordeal.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft with poss

ordeal

noun

hardship

agony

anguish

baptism of fire

nightmare

suffering

test

torture

trial

tribulation(s)

order

[D.J.:ˈɔ:də]

[K.K.:ˈɔrdɚ]

n.

次序; 顺序

整齐; 有条理

治安, 秩序

命令, 嘱咐

订购, 订货; 订单

汇票

vt.

命令; 嘱咐

订购, 定制

整理; 布置

vt. & vi.

点(饭菜, 饮料等)

ordered

adj.

安排好的;整齐的;规则的

ordering

[ˈɔ:dəriŋ]

n.

排序;分类;调整,整顿

orders

[ˈɔ:dəz]

n.

(基督教的)圣职，牧师职

order 1 subordinating conjunction uses ****

1. order
If you do something in order to achieve a particular thing or in order that something can happen, you do it because you want to achieve that thing.

- Most schools are extremely unwilling to cut down on staff in order to cut costs.

- ...asking them to risk their lives in order that the rest of us can sleep better.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

2. order
If someone must be in a particular situation in order to achieve something they want, they cannot achieve that thing if they are not in that situation.

- We need to get rid of the idea that we must be liked all the time in order to be worthwhile.

- They need hostages in order to bargain with the government.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

3. order
If something must happen in order for something else to happen, the second thing cannot happen if the first thing does not happen.

- In order for their computers to trace a person's records, they need both the name and address of the individual.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD: CONJ n to-inf

order 2 commands and requests *****

1. order orders ordering ordered
If a person in authority orders someone to do something, they tell them to do it.

- Williams ordered him to leave.

- He ordered the women out of the car.

- `Let him go!' he ordered.

- `Go up to your room. Now,' he ordered him.

VB
= command

2. order orders ordering ordered
If someone in authority orders something, they give instructions that it should be done.

- The President has ordered a full investigation.

- The radio said that the prime minister had ordered price controls to be introduced.

- He ordered that all party property be confiscated.

- The President ordered him moved because of fears that his comrades would try to free him.

VB

3. order orders
If someone in authority gives you an order , they tell you to do something.

- The activists were shot when they refused to obey an order to halt.

- As darkness fell, Clinton gave orders for his men to rest.

- I don't take orders from him any more.

- They were later arrested and executed on the orders of Stalin.

N-COUNT
= instruction

4. order orders
A court order is a legal instruction stating that something must be done.

- She has decided not to appeal against a court order banning her from keeping animals.

- He was placed under a two-year supervision order.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

5. order orders ordering ordered
When you order something that you are going to pay for, you ask for it to be brought to you, sent to you, or obtained for you.

- Atanas ordered a shrimp cocktail and a salad.

- Iris finally ordered coffees for herself and Tania.

- The waitress appeared. `Are you ready to order?'.

- We ordered him a beer.

VB

6. order orders
An order is a request for something to be brought, made, or obtained for you in return for money.

- British Rail are going to place an order for a hundred and eighty-eight trains.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

7. order orders
Someone's order is what they have asked to be brought, made, or obtained for them in return for money.

- The waiter returned with their order and Graham signed the bill.

- They can't supply our order.

N-COUNT: poss N

8. order
Something that is on order at a shop or factory has been asked for but has not yet been supplied.

- The airlines still have 2,500 new aeroplanes on order.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

9. order
If you do something to order , you do it whenever you are asked to do it.

- She now makes wonderful dried flower arrangements to order.

- Cars are stolen to order for clients.

PHR: PHR after v

10. order
If you are under orders to do something, you have been told to do it by someone in authority.

- I am under orders not to discuss his mission or his location with anyone.

PHR: v-link PHR to-inf

order 3 arrangements, situations, and groupings ****

1. order
If a set of things are arranged or done in a particular order , they are arranged or done so one thing follows another, often according to a particular factor such as importance.

- Write down (in order of priority) the qualities you'd like to have.

- Music shops should arrange their recordings in simple alphabetical order, rather than by category.

- List the key headings and sort them into a logical order.

- The chairman has re-arranged the order of the speakers.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, usu with supp, oft in/into N
= sequence

2. order
Order is the situation that exists when everything is in the correct or expected place, or happens at the correct or expected time.

- The wish to impose order upon confusion is a kind of intellectual instinct.

- Making lists can create order and control.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ confusion chaos

3. order
Order is the situation that exists when people obey the law and do not fight or riot.

- Troops were sent to the islands to restore order last November.

- He has the power to use force to maintain public order.

N-UNCOUNT

4. order
When people talk about a particular order , they mean the way society is organized at a particular time.

- The end of the Cold War has produced the prospect of a new world order based on international co-operation.

- Some feminists sought reforms within the existing social order.

N-SING: with supp
= system

5. order orders ordering ordered
The way that something is ordered is the way that it is organized and structured.

- ...a society which is ordered by hierarchy...

- We know the French order things differently.

- ...a carefully ordered system in which everyone has his place.

VB

6. order orders
If you refer to something of a particular order , you mean something of a particular kind. (FORMAL)

- Another unexpected event, though of quite a different order, occurred one evening in 1973.

- Our commitment will be of the highest order.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu of supp N
= type

7. order orders
A religious order is a group of monks or nuns who live according to a particular set of rules.

- ...the Benedictine order of monks.

N-COUNT

8. order orders
People who belong to a particular order have been given a particular honour or rank by the head of their country as a reward for their services or achievements.

- The highest Order of Knighthood is the Order of the Garter.

N-COUNT

9. order
The person in charge of a meeting can say ` Order! ' to tell people to stop making a noise.
CONVENTION

10. order
If you put or keep something in order , you make sure that it is tidy or properly organized.

- Now he has a chance to put his life back in order.

- It was her job to keep the room in order.

- Someone comes in every day to check all is in order.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

11. order
If you think something is in order , you think it should happen or be provided.

- Reforms are clearly in order.

- It's great to have you back. Congratulations are surely in order!

PHR: v-link PHR

12. order
You use in the order of or of the order of when mentioning an approximate figure.

- They borrowed something in the order of £10 million.

- At other times the discrepancy was of the order of 20%.

PHR-PREP: PREP amount

13. order
If something is in good order , it is in good condition.

- The vessel's safety equipment was not in good order.

PHR: v-link PHR

14. order
A machine or device that is in working order is functioning properly and is not broken.

- Only half of the spacecraft's six science instruments are still in working order.

PHR: v-link PHR

15. order
If a particular way of behaving or doing something is the order of the day , it is very common.

- These are strange times in which we live, and strange arrangements appear to be the order of the day.

PHR: v-link PHR

16. order
A machine or device that is out of order is broken and does not work.

- Their phone's out of order.

PHR: v-link PHR
≠ working

17. order
If you say that someone or their behaviour is out of order , you mean that their behaviour is unacceptable or unfair. (INFORMAL)

- You don't think the paper's a bit out of order in publishing it?

PHR: v-link PHR

ordered

ordered
An ordered society or system is well-organized and has a clear structure.

- An objective set of rules which we all agree to accept is necessary for any ordered society.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ chaotic

order

noun

1.

instruction

command

decree

dictate

direction

directive

injunction

law

mandate

regulation

rule

2.

sequence

arrangement

array

grouping

layout

line-up

progression

series

structure

3.

tidiness

method

neatness

orderliness

organization

pattern

regularity

symmetry

system

4.

discipline

calm

control

law

law and order

peace

quiet

tranquillity

5.

request

application

booking

commission

requisition

reservation

6.

class

caste

grade

position

rank

status

7.

kind

class

family

genre

ilk

sort

type

8.

society

association

brotherhood

community

company

fraternity

guild

organization

verb

9.

instruct

bid

charge

command

decree

demand

direct

require

10.

request

apply for

book

reserve

send away for

11.

arrange

catalogue

classify

group

marshal

organize

sort out

systematize

order around *****

order around orders around; ordering around; ordered around
If you say that someone is ordering you around or is ordering you about , you mean they are telling you what to do as if they have authority over you, and you dislike this.

- When we're out he gets really bossy and starts ordering me around.

- Grandmother felt free to order her about just as she wished.

PHR-V (BRIT) also order about
= boss around

order book

order book order books
When you talk about the state of a company's order book or order books , you are talking about how many orders for their goods the company has. (mainly BRIT)

- He has a full order book for his boat-building yard on the Thames.

N-COUNT

orderliness

[ˈɔ:dəlinis]

n.

整洁,整齐,规律,秩序井然

orderly

[D.J.:ˈɔ:dəli]

[K.K.:ˈɔrdəli]

adj.

安排好的; 整齐的; 有秩序的

orderly *

1. orderly
If something is done in an orderly fashion or manner, it is done in a well-organized and controlled way.

- The organizers guided them in orderly fashion out of the building.

- Despite the violence that preceded the elections, reports say that polling was orderly and peaceful.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ chaotic

2. orderly
Something that is orderly is neat or arranged in a neat way.

- It's a beautiful, clean and orderly city.

- Their vehicles were parked in orderly rows.

ADJ-GRADED

3. orderliness

- A balance is achieved in the painting between orderliness and unpredictability.

N-UNCOUNT

4. orderly orderlies
An orderly is a person who works in a hospital and does jobs that do not require special medical training.
N-COUNT: oft supp N

orderly

adjective

1.

well-organized

businesslike

in order

methodical

neat

regular

scientific

shipshape

systematic

tidy

2.

well-behaved

controlled

disciplined

law-abiding

peaceable

quiet

restrained

ordinal number

ordinal number ordinal numbers
An ordinal number or an ordinal is a word such as `first', `third', and `tenth' that tells you where a particular thing occurs in a sequence of things. Compare cardinal number .
N-COUNT

ordinance

[D.J.:ˈɔ:dnəns]

[K.K.:ˈɔrdnəns]

n.

<正>条例,法令

ordinance *

ordinance ordinances
An ordinance is an official rule or order. (FORMAL)

- ...ordinances that restrict building development.

N-COUNT
= regulation

ordinarily

[D.J.:ˌɔ:dnˈeərəli:, ˈɔ:dnˌer-]

[K.K.:ˌɔrdn..ˈɛrəli, ˈɔrdn..ˌɛr-]

adv.

平常地,普普通通地

通常

ordinarily *

ordinarily
If you say what is ordinarily the case, you are saying what is normally the case.

- The streets would ordinarily have been full of people. There was no one.

- Similar arrangements apply to students who are ordinarily resident in Scotland.

- ...places where the patient does not ordinarily go.

ADV: usu ADV with cl, also ADV adj, ADV before v
= normally

ordinarily

adverb

usually

as a rule

commonly

customarily

generally

habitually

in general

normally

ordinary

[D.J.:ˈɔ:dinəri]

[K.K.:ˈɔrdnˌɛri]

adj.

普通的, 平常的; 平庸的, 平淡的

ordinary ***

1. ordinary
Ordinary people or things are normal and not special or different in any way.

- I strongly suspect that most ordinary people would agree with me.

- It has 25 calories less than ordinary ice cream.

- It was just an ordinary weekend for us.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= normal ≠ unusual

2. ordinary
If you describe someone or something as ordinary , you mean they are not special or interesting in any way and may be rather dull.

- I'm just a very ordinary, boring normal guy.

- Your life since then must have seemed very ordinary.

- ...very ordinary, if very well made, drinking glasses, lamps and tableware.

ADJ-GRADED

3. ordinary
Something that is out of the ordinary is unusual or different.

- The boy's knowledge was out of the ordinary.

- I've noticed nothing out of the ordinary.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
= unusual

ordinary

adjective

1.

usual

common

conventional

everyday

normal

regular

routine

standard

stock

typical

2.

commonplace

banal

humble

humdrum

modest

mundane

plain

run-of-the-mill

unremarkable

workaday

ordination

[D.J.:ˌɔ:dnˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɔrdn..ˈeʃən]

n.

授予神职

授圣职

ordination *

ordination ordinations
When someone's ordination takes place, they are made a member of the clergy.

- ...supporters of the ordination of women.

- ...the process of selecting candidates for ordination.

N-VAR

ordnance

[D.J.:ˈɔ:dnəns]

[K.K.:ˈɔrdnəns]

n.

大炮

军械(如弹药、军车等)

ordnance stores

军械器材

ordnance *

ordnance
Ordnance refers to military supplies, especially weapons. (FORMAL)

- ...a team clearing an area littered with unexploded ordnance.

- ...the Royal Ordnance factory at Chorley.

N-UNCOUNT
= munitions

Ordnance Survey map

Ordnance Survey map Ordnance Survey maps
An Ordnance Survey map is a detailed map produced by the British or Irish government map-making organization.
N-COUNT

ore

[D.J.:ɔ:]

[K.K.:ɔr, or]

n.

矿物, 矿石

ore *

ore ores
Ore is rock or earth from which metal can be obtained.

- ...a huge iron ore mine.

N-MASS

oregano

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈreɡənəu]

[K.K.:əˈrɛɡəˌno, ɔˈrɛɡ-]

n.

牛至

oregano

oregano
Oregano is a herb that is used in cooking.
N-UNCOUNT

organ

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ɡən]

[K.K.:ˈɔrɡən]

n.

器官

风琴

机构

新闻媒体, 宣传工具; 机关报[杂志]

organ **

1. organ organs
An organ is a part of your body that has a particular purpose or function, for example your heart or lungs.

- ...damage to the muscles and internal organs.

- ...the reproductive organs.

- ...organ transplants.

N-COUNT
See also sense organ .

2. organ organs
An organ is a large musical instrument with pipes of different lengths through which air is forced. It has keys and pedals rather like a piano.
N-COUNT
See also barrel organ , mouth organ .

3. organ organs
You refer to a newspaper or organization as the organ of the government or another group when it is used by them as a means of giving information or getting things done.

- ...according to the People's Daily, the official organ of the Chinese communist party...

- The most powerful organ of government in Scotland is the Scottish Office.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= mouthpiece

organ

noun

1.

part

element

structure

unit

2.

mouthpiece

forum

medium

vehicle

voice

organdie

[ˈɔ:ɡəndi,ɔ:ˈɡændi]

n.

蝉翼纱,奥甘迪(一种细薄的棉织品)

organdie

organdie
Organdie is a thin, slightly stiff cotton fabric.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also organdy .

organ grinder

organ grinder organ grinders
An organ grinder was an entertainer who played a barrel organ in the streets.
N-COUNT also organ-grinder .

organic

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈɡænik]

[K.K.:ɔrˈɡænɪk]

adj.

器官的; 器质性的

有机(体)的, 有机物的

organically

adv.

器官上地,有机地

organic **

1. organic
Organic methods of farming and gardening use only natural animal and plant products to help the plants or animals grow and be healthy, rather than using chemicals.

- Organic farming is expanding everywhere.

- ...organic fruit and vegetables.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. organically

- ...organically grown vegetables.

ADV

3. organic
Organic substances are of the sort produced by or found in living things.

- Incorporating organic material into chalky soils will reduce the alkalinity.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ inorganic

4. organic
Organic change or development happens gradually and naturally rather than suddenly. (FORMAL)

- ...to manage the company and supervise its organic growth.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

5. organic
If a community or structure is an organic whole, each part of it is necessary and fits well with the other parts. (FORMAL)

- City planning treats the city as a unit, as an organic whole.

ADJ: ADJ n

organic

adjective

1.

natural

animate

biological

live

living

2.

systematic

integrated

methodical

ordered

organized

structured

organism

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ɡənizəm]

[K.K.:ˈɔrɡəˌnɪzəm]

n.

有机物, 有机体; 生物

有机体系

organism **

organism organisms
An organism is an animal or plant, especially one that is so small that you cannot see it without using a microscope.

- Not all chemicals normally present in living organisms are harmless.

- ...the insect-borne organisms that cause sleeping sickness.

N-COUNT

organism

noun

creature

animal

being

body

entity

structure

organist

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ɡənist]

[K.K.:ˈɔrɡənɪst]

n.

风琴演奏者; 风琴手

organist

organist organists
An organist is someone who plays the organ.
N-COUNT

organization

[D.J.:ˌɔ:ɡənaiˈzeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɔrɡənɪˈzeʃən]

n.

团体, 机构

组织

组织性, 系统性

organization ****

1. organization organizations
An organization is an official group of people, for example a political party, a business, a charity, or a club.

- Most of these specialized schools are provided by voluntary organizations.

- ...a report by the International Labour Organisation.

N-COUNT: oft in names (BRIT) also organisation

2. organization
The organization of an event or activity involves making all the necessary arrangements for it.

- ...the exceptional attention to detail that goes into the organisation of this event...

- Several projects have been delayed by poor organisation.

N-UNCOUNT (BRIT) also organisation

3. organization
The organization of something is the way in which its different parts are arranged or relate to each other.

- I am aware that the organization of the book leaves something to be desired.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n (BRIT) also organisation

organization

noun

1.

group

association

body

company

confederation

corporation

institution

outfit informal

syndicate

2.

management

construction

coordination

direction

organizing

planning

running

structuring

3.

arrangement

chemistry

composition

format

make-up

pattern

structure

unity

organizational

[ˌɔɡənaiˈzeiʃənəl]

adj.

组织的

organizational *

1. organizational
Organizational abilities and methods relate to the way that work, activities, or events are planned and arranged.

- Evelyn's excellent organisational skills were soon spotted by her employers.

- Because we took the whole class for a complete afternoon session, organisational problems were minimal.

ADJ: ADJ n (BRIT) also organisational

2. organizational
Organizational means relating to the structure of an organization.

- The police now recognise that big organisational changes are needed.

- ...the organizational structure of British trade unions.

ADJ: ADJ n (BRIT) also organisational

3. organizational
Organizational means relating to organizations, rather than individuals.

- This problem needs to be dealt with at an organizational level.

- There was no strong organizational base on which to build.

ADJ: ADJ n (BRIT) also organisational

organize

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ɡənaiz]

[K.K.:ˈɔrɡəˌnaɪz]

vt. & vi.

组织

organized

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ɡənaizd]

[K.K.:ˈɔrɡəˌnaɪzd]

adj.

有组织的, 有条理的

organize ****

1. organize organizes organizing organized
If you organize an event or activity, you make sure that the necessary arrangements are made.

- In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter.

- ...a two-day meeting organised by the United Nations...

- The initial mobilisation was well organised.

VB (BRIT) also organise
= arrange

2. organize organizes organizing organized
If you organize something that someone wants or needs, you make sure that it is provided.

- I will organize transport.

- He rang his wife and asked her to organize coffee and sandwiches.

VB (BRIT) also organise

3. organize organizes organizing organized
If you organize a set of things, you arrange them in an ordered way or give them a structure.

- He began to organize his materials.

- She took a hasty cup of coffee and tried to organize her scattered thoughts.

- ...the way in which the Army is organised.

VB (BRIT) also organise

4. organize organizes organizing organized
If you organize yourself, you plan your work and activities in an ordered, efficient way.

- ...changing the way you organize yourself...

- Go right ahead, I'm sure you don't need me to organize you.

- Get organised and get going.

VB (BRIT) also organise

5. organize organizes organizing organized
If someone organizes workers or if workers organize , they form a group or society such as a trade union in order to have more power.

- ...helping to organize women working abroad...

- It's the first time farmers have decided to organize.

- ...organised labour.

V-ERG (BRIT) also organise

organized ***

1. organized
An organized activity or group involves a number of people doing something together in a structured way, rather than doing it by themselves.

- ...organised groups of art thieves.

- ...organised religion.

- ...years of steadfast, organized resistance.

ADJ: ADJ n (BRIT) also organised

2. organized
Someone who is organized plans their work and activities efficiently.

- These people are very efficient, very organized and excellent time managers.

ADJ-GRADED (BRIT) also organised
≠ disorganized

organize

verb

arrange

classify

coordinate

group

marshal

put together

run

set up

systematize

take care of

-organized

-organized
-organized is added to nouns to form adjectives which indicate who organizes something.

- ...student-organized seminars.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n (BRIT) also -organised

organized crime *

organized crime
Organized crime refers to criminal activities which involve large numbers of people and are organized and controlled by a small group.

- ...the battle being waged against organised crime.

N-UNCOUNT (BRIT) also organised crime

organizer

[D.J.:ˈɔ:gənaɪzə]

n.

组织者

备忘记事本;电子笔记本

organizer ***

organizer organizers
The organizer of an event or activity is the person who makes sure that the necessary arrangements are made.

- The organisers of the demonstration concede that they hadn't sought permission for it.

- ...his campaign organisers who are canvassing for last minute support...

- She was a good organiser.

N-COUNT (BRIT) also organiser
See also personal organizer .

organophosphate

[D.J.:ˌɔ:ɡənəuˈfɔsfeit]

[K.K.:ˌɔrɡənoˈfɑsfet, ɔrˌɡænə-]

n.,adj.

有机磷酸酯(的)(现广泛用作杀虫剂、抑燃剂等)

organophosphate

organophosphate organophosphates
Organophosphates are chemical substances that are used to make crops grow or protect them from insects.
N-COUNT

organza

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈɡænzə]

[K.K.:ɔrˈɡænzə]

n.

透明硬纱

organza

organza
Organza is a thin, stiff fabric made of silk, cotton, or an artificial fibre.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

orgasm

[D.J.:ˈɔ:ˌgæzəm]

[K.K.:ˈɔrˌɡæzəm]

n.

性高潮

orgasm *

orgasm orgasms
An orgasm is the moment of greatest pleasure and excitement in sexual activity.
N-VAR

orgasmic

1. orgasmic
Orgasmic means relating to a sexual orgasm.

- Testosterone does not increase their erectile or orgasmic ability.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. orgasmic
Some people refer to things they find extremely enjoyable or exciting as orgasmic . (INFORMAL, mainly JOURNALISM)

- ...jerking the neck of his guitar in orgasmic fits of ecstasy.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

orgiastic

[D.J.:ˌɔ:dʒiˈæstik]

[K.K.:ˌɔrdʒiˈæstɪk]

adj.

狂欢的; 狂乱的

极度兴奋的, 狂野的

orgiastic

orgiastic
An orgiastic event is one in which people enjoy themselves in an extreme, uncontrolled way.

- ...an orgiastic party.

ADJ: ADJ n
= riotous

orgy

[D.J.:ˈɔ:dʒi:]

[K.K.:ˈɔrdʒi]

n.

狂欢宴会

无节制的活动

orgy *

1. orgy orgies
An orgy is a party in which people behave in a very uncontrolled way, especially one involving sexual activity.

- It was reminiscent of a scene from a Roman orgy.

- ...a drunken orgy.

N-COUNT

2. orgy orgies
You can refer to an activity as an orgy of that activity to emphasize that it is done to an excessive extent.

- One eye-witness said the rioters were engaged in an orgy of destruction.

- He blew £43,000 in an 18-month orgy of spending.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n emphasis
= frenzy

orgy

noun

1.

revel

bacchanalia

carousal

debauch

revelry

Saturnalia

2.

spree

binge informal

bout

excess

indulgence

overindulgence

splurge

surfeit

orient

[D.J.:ˈɔ:riənt]

[K.K.:ˈɔriənt, -ˌɛnt, ˈor-]

vt.

使熟悉, 使适应

使朝向; 使确定位置

n.

东方, 亚洲

oriented

[ˈɔ:rientid,ˈəurientid]

adj.

导向的

orient *

1. orient orients orienting oriented
When you orient yourself to a new situation or course of action, you learn about it and prepare to deal with it. (FORMAL)

- You will need the time to orient yourself to your new way of eating.

- ...orienting students to new ways of thinking about their participation in classroom learning...

- Anxiety comes from not being able to orient yourself in your own existence.

VB The form orientate is also used
= accustom

2. orient orients orienting oriented
When you orient yourself, you find out exactly where you are and which direction you are facing in.

- She lay still for a few seconds, trying to orient herself.

VB The form orientate is also used

oriented **

oriented
If someone is oriented towards or oriented to a particular thing or person, they are mainly concerned with that thing or person.

- It seems almost inevitable that North African economies will still be primarily oriented towards Europe.

- Most students here are oriented to computers.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ towards/to n The form orientated is also used

orient

verb

familiarize

acclimatize

adapt

adjust

align

get one's bearings

orientate

Orient *

Orient
The eastern part of Asia is sometimes referred to as the Orient . (LITERARY, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-PROPER: the N
= East

oriental

[D.J.:ˌɔ:riˈentəl]

[K.K.:ˌɔriˈɛntl, ˌor-]

adj.

东方的, 东方人的, 东方文化的

oriental **

1. oriental
Oriental means coming from or associated with eastern Asia, especially China and Japan.

- There were Oriental carpets on the floors.

- ...oriental food.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= eastern ≠ western

2. oriental orientals
Some people refer to people from eastern Asia, especially China or Japan as Orientals . This use could cause offence.

- The Orientals use no butter. They prefer the very healthful peanut oil.

N-COUNT

orientalist

orientalist orientalists
An orientalist is someone from the West who studies the language, culture, history, or customs of countries in eastern Asia.
N-COUNT

-orientated

-orientated
-orientated means the same as -oriented .
COMB in ADJ-GRADED

orientation

[D.J.:ˌɔ:rienˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɔriɛnˈteʃən, -ən-, ˌor-]

n.

方向, 目标

熟悉情况; 适应

orientation *

1. orientation orientations
If you talk about the orientation of an organization or country, you are talking about the kinds of aims and interests it has.

- ...a marketing orientation...

- To a society which has lost its orientation he has much to offer.

- The movement is liberal and social democratic in orientation.

N-VAR: with supp
= inclination

2. orientation orientations
Someone's orientation is their basic beliefs or preferences.

- ...legislation that would have made discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation illegal.

N-VAR: supp N
= inclination

3. orientation
Orientation is basic information or training that is given to people starting a new job, school, or course.

- They give their new employees a day or two of perfunctory orientation.

- ...a one-day orientation session.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n
= induction

4. orientation orientations
The orientation of a structure or object is the direction it faces.

- Farnese had the orientation of the church changed so that the front would face a square.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

orientation

noun

1.

position

bearings

direction

location

2.

familiarization

acclimatization

adaptation

adjustment

assimilation

introduction

settling in

-oriented

-oriented
-oriented is added to nouns and adverbs to form adjectives which describe what someone or something is mainly interested in or concerned with.

- ...a market-oriented economy.

- ...family oriented holidays.

- ...politically-oriented music.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED The form -orientated is also used

orienteering

[D.J.:ˌɔ:rienˈtiəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˌɔriɛnˈtɪrɪŋ, -ən-, ˌor-]

n.

徒步横渡旷野的竞赛

orienteering

orienteering
Orienteering is a sport in which people run from one place to another, using a compass and a map to guide them between points that are marked along the route.
N-UNCOUNT

orifice

[D.J.:ˈɔ:rəfɪs, ˈɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈɔrəfɪs, ˈɑr-]

n.

孔

洞口

orifice

orifice orifices
An orifice is an opening or hole, especially one in your body such as your mouth. (FORMAL)

- After a massive heart attack, he was strapped to a bed, with tubes in every orifice.

N-COUNT

orifice

noun

opening

aperture

cleft

hole

mouth

pore

rent

vent

origami

[D.J.:ˌɔ:riˈɡɑ:mi]

[K.K.:ˌɔrɪˈɡɑmi]

n.

〈日〉折纸手工

origami

origami
Origami is the craft of folding paper to make models of animals, people, and objects.
N-UNCOUNT

origin

[D.J.:ˈɔridʒin]

[K.K.:ˈɔrədʒɪn, ˈɑr-]

n.

起点; 来源

出身, 血统

origin ***

1. origin origins
You can refer to the beginning, cause, or source of something as its origin or origins .

- ...theories about the origin of life...

- The disorder in military policy had its origins in Truman's first term.

- Their medical problems are basically physical in origin.

- Most of the thickeners are of plant origin.

N-COUNT: usu with poss, also in/of N

2. origin origins
When you talk about a person's origin or origins , you are referring to the country, race, or social class of their parents or ancestors.

- Thomas has not forgotten his humble origins.

- ...people of Asian origin...

- They are forced to return to their country of origin.

N-COUNT: usu poss N, also of/in N

origin

noun

1.

root

base

basis

derivation

fount

fountainhead

source

wellspring

2.

beginning

birth

creation

emergence

foundation

genesis

inception

launch

start

original

[D.J.:əˈridʒinəl]

[K.K.:əˈrɪdʒənəl]

adj.

起初的; 原来的

独创的; 新颖的

原版的; 原作的

n.

原文, 原稿

originality

[D.J.:əˌrɪdʒəˈnælɪti:]

[K.K.:əˌrɪdʒəˈnælɪti]

n.

独创性;创造性

original ****

1. original
You use original when referring to something that existed at the beginning of a process or activity, or the characteristics that something had when it began or was made.

- The original plan was to hold an indefinite stoppage.

- The inhabitants have voted overwhelmingly to restore the city's original name of Chemnitz.

ADJ: det ADJ

2. original originals
If something such as a document, a work of art, or a piece of writing is an original , it is not a copy or a later version.

- When you have filled in the questionnaire, copy it and send the original to your employer.

- For once the sequel is as good as the original.

N-COUNT
≠ copy

3. original
An original document or work of art is not a copy.

- ...an original movie poster.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= genuine

4. original
An original piece of writing or music was written recently and has not been published or performed before.

- ...its policy of commissioning original work.

- ...with catchy original songs by Richard Warner.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

5. original
If you describe someone or their work as original , you mean that they are very imaginative and have new ideas.

- It is one of the most original works of imagination in the language.

- ...an original writer.

- ...a chef with an original touch and a measure of inspiration.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= creative

6. originality

- He was capable of writing things of startling originality.

N-UNCOUNT
= inventiveness

7. original
If you read or sing something in the original or, for example, in the original French , you read or sing it in the language it was written in, rather than a translation.

- He read every book or author it deals with, often in the original.

- The texts were sung in the original Italian.

PHR: PHR after v

original

adjective

1.

first

earliest

initial

introductory

opening

primary

starting

2.

new

fresh

ground-breaking

innovative

novel

seminal

unprecedented

unusual

3.

creative

fertile

imaginative

ingenious

inventive

resourceful

noun

4.

prototype

archetype

master

model

paradigm

pattern

precedent

standard

originality

noun

novelty

creativity

freshness

imagination

ingenuity

innovation

inventiveness

newness

unorthodoxy

originally

[D.J.:əˈrɪdʒənəli:]

[K.K.:əˈrɪdʒənəli]

adv.

起初;原来

originally ***

originally
When you say what happened or was the case originally , you are saying what happened or was the case when something began or came into existence, often to contrast it with what happened later.

- The plane has been kept in service far longer than originally intended.

- France originally refused to sign the treaty.

- The castle was originally surrounded by a triple wall, only one of which remains.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV with cl/group
= initially

originally

adverb

initially

at first

first

in the beginning

to begin with

original sin

original sin
According to some Christians, original sin is the wickedness that all human beings are born with, because the first human beings, Adam and Eve, disobeyed God.
N-UNCOUNT

originate

[D.J.:əˈridʒineit]

[K.K.:əˈrɪdʒəˌnet]

vi.

起源于, 来自, 产生

vt.

创造, 创始, 开创; 发明

originate **

originate originates originating originated
When something originates or when someone originates it, it begins to happen or exist. (FORMAL)

- The disease originated in Africa.

- All carbohydrates originate from plants.

- I suppose no one has any idea who originated the story?

V-ERG

originate

verb

1.

begin

arise

come

derive

emerge

result

rise

spring

start

stem

2.

introduce

bring about

create

formulate

generate

institute

launch

pioneer

originator

[D.J.:əˈrɪd ʒəˌneɪtə]

[K.K.:əˈrɪd ʒəˌnetɚ]

n.

创作者;发起人;开山祖

起因;起源

originator

originator originators
The originator of something such as an idea or scheme is the person who first thought of it or began it. (FORMAL)

- ...the originator of the theory of relativity.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= author

originator

noun

creator

architect

author

father or mother

founder

inventor

maker

pioneer

ornament

[D.J.:ˈɔ:nəmənt]

[K.K.:ˈɔrnəmənt]

n.

装饰; 点缀

装饰品, 点缀品

[ˈɔ:nəment]

vt.

装饰, 点缀, 美化

ornament *

1. ornament ornaments
An ornament is an attractive object that you display in your home or in your garden or yard.

- ...a shelf containing a few photographs and ornaments.

- ...Christmas tree ornaments.

N-COUNT

2. ornament ornaments
Pieces of jewellery are sometimes referred to as ornaments . (FORMAL)

- I guessed he was the chief because he wore more gold ornaments than the others.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= jewellery

3. ornament
Decorations and patterns on a building or a piece of furniture can be referred to as ornament . (FORMAL)

- ...walls of glass overlaid with ornament.

N-UNCOUNT

ornament

noun

1.

decoration

accessory

adornment

bauble

embellishment

festoon

knick-knack

trimming

trinket

verb

2.

decorate

adorn

beautify

embellish

festoon

grace

prettify

ornamental

[D.J.:ˌɔ:nəˈmentl]

[K.K.:ˌɔrnəˈmɛntl..]

adj.

装饰的,装饰用的

ornamental *

1. ornamental
Ornamental things have no practical function but are put in a place because they look attractive.

- ...ornamental trees.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= decorative

2. ornamental
Something that is ornamental is attractive and decorative.

- ...ornamental plaster mouldings.

ADJ-GRADED

ornamental

adjective

decorative

attractive

beautifying

embellishing

for show

showy

ornamentation

[D.J.:ˌɔ:nəmenˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɔrnəmɛnˈteʃən]

n.

装饰,装饰品

ornamentation

ornamentation
Decorations and patterns can be referred to as ornamentation . (FORMAL)

- The chairs were comfortable, functional and free of ornamentation.

N-UNCOUNT
= decoration

ornamentation

noun

decoration

adornment

elaboration

embellishment

embroidery

frills

ornateness

ornamented

花式字体的

ornamented

ornamented
If something is ornamented with attractive objects or patterns, it is decorated with them.

- It had a high ceiling, ornamented with plaster fruits and flowers.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n

ornate

[D.J.:ɔ:ˈneɪt]

[K.K.:ɔrˈnet]

adj.

装饰华丽的

ornate *

1. ornate
An ornate building, piece of furniture, or object is decorated with complicated patterns or shapes.

- ...an ornate iron staircase.

- ...the big dining-room with its massive fireplace and ornate ceiling.

ADJ-GRADED
= elaborate ≠ plain

2. ornately

- ...the ornately carved doors.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV -ed
= elaborately

ornate

adjective

elaborate

baroque

busy

decorated

fancy

florid

fussy

ornamented

overelaborate

rococo

ornery

[D.J.:ˈɔ:nəri]

[K.K.:ˈɔrnəri]

adj.

脾气坏的

ornery

ornery
If you describe someone as ornery , you mean that they are bad-tempered, difficult, and often do things that are mean. (AM, INFORMAL)

- The old lady was still being ornery, but at least she had consented to this visit.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= mean cantankerous

ornithological

[ˌɔ:niθəˈlɔdʒikəl]

adj.

鸟类学的

ornithologist

[ˌɔ:niˈθɔlədʒist]

n.

鸟类学者

ornithology

[D.J.:ˌɔ:nəˈθɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˌɔrnəˈθɑlədʒi]

n.

鸟类学

ornithological

adj.

ornithologist

n.

ornithology

1. ornithology
Ornithology is the study of birds. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

2. ornithological

- ...the Hampshire Ornithological Society.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. ornithologist ornithologists

- That area is an ornithologist's paradise.

N-COUNT

orphan

[D.J.:ˈɔ:fən]

[K.K.:ˈɔrfən]

n.

孤儿

vt.

使成为孤儿

orphan *

1. orphan orphans
An orphan is a child whose parents are dead.

- I'm an orphan and pretty much grew up on my own.

- ...a young orphan girl brought up by peasants...

N-COUNT

2. orphan orphaned
If a child is orphaned , their parents die, or their remaining parent dies.

- Jones was orphaned at the age of ten, and taken in by next-door neighbours.

- By the end of the decade, some ten million children are expected to have been orphaned by the disease.

- ...a fifteen-year-old boy left orphaned by the recent disaster.

V-PASSIVE: no cont

orphanage

[D.J.:ˈɔ:fənɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈɔrfənɪdʒ]

n.

孤儿院

orphanage *

orphanage orphanages
An orphanage is a place where orphans live and are looked after.
N-COUNT

orthodontist

[ˌɔ:θəuˈdɔntist]

n.

正牙医生

orthodontist

orthodontist orthodontists
An orthodontist is a dentist who corrects the position of people's teeth.
N-COUNT

orthodox

[D.J.:ˈɔ:θədɔks]

[K.K.:ˈɔrθəˌdɑks]

adj.

规范的, 公认的, 普遍赞同的

正统的

orthodox **

1. orthodox
Orthodox beliefs, methods, or systems are ones which are accepted or used by most people.

- Payne gained a reputation for sound, if orthodox, views.

- Many of these ideas are now being incorporated into orthodox medical treatment.

- ...orthodox police methods.

ADJ-GRADED
= conventional ≠ unorthodox

2. orthodox
If you describe someone as orthodox , you mean that they hold the older and more traditional ideas of their religion or party.

- ...orthodox Jews.

- ...orthodox communists.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= traditional

3. orthodox
The Orthodox churches are Christian churches in Eastern Europe which separated from the western church in the eleventh century.

- ...the Greek Orthodox Church.

ADJ The spelling Orthodox is also used

orthodox

adjective

established

accepted

approved

conventional

customary

official

received

traditional

well-established

orthodoxy

[D.J.:ˈɔ:θəˌdɔksi:]

[K.K.:ˈɔrθəˌdɑksi]

n.

<正>正统观念;普遍接受的观点;正统的信仰〔做法〕

正教会;正教信仰与做法

orthodoxy *

1. orthodoxy orthodoxies
An orthodoxy is an accepted view about something.

- These ideas rapidly became the new orthodoxy in linguistics.

- He broke from prevailing orthodoxies and asked the awkward questions.

- What was once a novel approach had become orthodoxy.

N-VAR

2. orthodoxy
The old, traditional beliefs of a religion, political party, or philosophy can be referred to as orthodoxy .

- ...the latest step in a purge of liberals and a return to political orthodoxy.

- ...a conflict between Nat's religious orthodoxy and Rube's belief that his mission is to make money.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
= traditionalism

orthodoxy

noun

conformity

authority

conventionality

received wisdom

traditionalism

orthopaedic

[D.J.:ˌ ɔ: θəʊˈpi:dɪk]

[K.K.:ˌ ɔr θəˈpidɪk]

adj.

整形外科的

orthopaedic

orthopaedic
Orthopaedic means relating to problems affecting people's joints and spines. (MEDICAL)

- ...an orthopaedic surgeon.

- ...orthopedic shoes.

ADJ: ADJ n also orthopedic .

oscillate

[D.J.:ˈɔsəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:ˈɑsəˌlet]

vt. & vi.

(使)摆动

oscillation

[D.J.:ˌɔsəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɑsəˈleʃən]

n.

振动,摆动

动摇;波动

<物>振荡

oscillate *

1. oscillate oscillates oscillating oscillated
If an object oscillates , it moves repeatedly from one position to another and back again, or keeps getting bigger and smaller. (FORMAL)

- I checked to see if the needle indicating volume was oscillating.

VB

2. oscillation oscillations

- Some oscillation of the fuselage had been noticed on early flights.

N-VAR

3. oscillate oscillates oscillating oscillated
If the level or value of something oscillates between one amount and another, it keeps going up and down between the two amounts. (FORMAL)

- The lira oscillated between 840 and 850 lire to the mark.

- Oil markets oscillated on the day's reports from Geneva.

- ...an oscillating signal of microwave frequency.

VB: no passive
= fluctuate

4. oscillation oscillations

- There have always been slight oscillations in world temperature.

N-VAR

5. oscillate oscillates oscillating oscillated
If you oscillate between two moods, attitudes, or types of behaviour, you keep changing from one to the other and back again. (FORMAL)

- The president of the Republic oscillated between a certain audacity and a prudent realism.

VB: no passive

6. oscillation

- ...that perpetual oscillation between despair and distracted joy.

N-UNCOUNT
= variation

oscillate

verb

fluctuate

seesaw

sway

swing

vacillate

vary

vibrate

waver

oscillation

noun

swing

fluctuation

instability

vacillation

variation

wavering

osmosis

[D.J.:ɔzˈməʊsɪs, ɔs-]

[K.K.:ɑzˈmosɪs, ɑs-]

n.

渗透(作用);潜移默化,耳濡目染

osmotic

adj.

osmotic

[ɔzˈmɔtik]

adj.

渗透的,渗透性的

osmosis

1. osmosis
Osmosis is the process by which a liquid passes through a thin piece of solid substance such as the roots of a plant. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the processes of diffusion and osmosis.

N-UNCOUNT

2. osmosis
If you say that people influence each other by osmosis , or that skills are gained by osmosis , you mean that this is done gradually and without any obvious effort. (FORMAL)

- She allowed her life to be absorbed by his, taking on as if by osmosis his likes and dislikes.

N-UNCOUNT: usu by/through N

ossified

[ˈɔsifaid]

adj.

已骨化[硬化]的

ossify

[D.J.:ˈɔsəˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈɑsəˌfaɪ]

vt. & vi.

骨化,硬化;使僵化

ossifying

骨化的

ossify

ossify ossifies ossifying ossified
If an idea, system, or organization ossifies or if something ossifies it, it becomes fixed and difficult to change. (FORMAL)

- It reckons that rationing would ossify the farm industry.

- Mary kept the old man from ossifying by stimulating his natural rebelliousness.

- ...an ossified institution.

V-ERG disapproval
= fossilize

ossify

verb

harden

fossilize

solidify

stiffen

ostensible

[D.J.:ɔˈstensəbəl]

[K.K.:ɑˈstɛnsəbəl]

adj.

(指理由等)假装的,表面的

ostensibly

adv.

表面上地

ostensibly

[D.J.:ɔsˈtensəblɪ]

[K.K.:ɑsˈt ɛnsəblɪ]

adv.

表面上

明显地

ostensible *

1. ostensible
Ostensible is used to describe something that seems to be true or is officially stated to be true, but about which you or other people have doubts. (FORMAL)

- The ostensible purpose of these meetings was to gather information on financial strategies.

ADJ: ADJ n
= alleged

2. ostensibly

- ...ostensibly independent organisations...

- A bachelor farmer began to call, ostensibly to talk to her father, but really to see her.

ADV: usu ADV with cl/group

ostensible

adjective

apparent

outward

pretended

professed

purported

seeming

so-called

superficial

supposed

ostensibly

adverb

apparently

on the face of it

professedly

seemingly

supposedly

ostentation

[D.J.:ˌɔstenˈteɪʃən, -tən-]

[K.K.:ˌɑstɛnˈteʃən, -tən-]

n.

摆阔,讲排场

炫耀,卖弄

ostentation

ostentation
If you describe someone's behaviour as ostentation , you are criticizing them for doing or buying things in order to impress people. (FORMAL)

- Consumers are abandoning the excess and ostentation of the 1980s.

- On the whole she had lived modestly, with a notable lack of ostentation.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

ostentation

noun

display

affectation

exhibitionism

flamboyance

flashiness

flaunting

parade

pomp

pretentiousness

show

showing off informal

ostentatious

[D.J.:ˌɔstenˈteɪʃəs, -tən-]

[K.K.:ˌɑstɛnˈteʃəs, -tən-]

adj.

好夸耀的;炫耀的

ostentatiously

[D.J.:ˌ ɔstenˈteɪʃəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈ ɑstənˈteʃəslɪ]

adv.

铺张地;招摇地;炫耀地

ostentatious *

1. ostentatious
If you describe something as ostentatious , you disapprove of it because it is expensive and is intended to impress people. (FORMAL)

- ...his house, which, however elaborate, is less ostentatious than the preserves of other Dallas tycoons.

- ...an ostentatious wedding reception.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. ostentatious
If you describe someone as ostentatious , you disapprove of them because they want to impress people with their wealth or importance. (FORMAL)

- Obviously he had plenty of money and was generous in its use without being ostentatious.

- She's got a lovely way with language without ever sounding ostentatious.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

3. ostentatiously

- Her servants were similarly, if less ostentatiously attired.

ADV-GRADED

4. ostentatious
You can describe an action or behaviour as ostentatious when it is done in an exaggerated way to attract people's attention.

- His wife was fairly quiet but she is not an ostentatious person anyway.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= conspicuous

5. ostentatiously

- Harry stopped under a street lamp and ostentatiously began inspecting the contents of his bag.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

ostentatious

adjective

pretentious

brash

conspicuous

flamboyant

flashy

gaudy

loud

obtrusive

showy

osteopath

[D.J.:ˈɔstiəupæθ]

[K.K.:ˈɑstiəˌpæθ]

n.

整骨疗法家

osteopath

osteopath osteopaths
An osteopath is a person who treats painful conditions or illnesses by pressing and moving parts of the patient's body.
N-COUNT

osteoporosis

[D.J.:ˌɔstiəupɔ:ˈrəusis]

[K.K.:ˌɑstiopəˈrosɪs]

n.

骨质疏松症

osteoporosis *

osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a condition in which your bones lose calcium and become more likely to break. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

ostracism

[D.J.:ˈɔstrəˌsɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈɑstrəˌsɪzəm]

n.

(古希腊)贝壳流放法

放逐;排斥

ostracize

[D.J.:ˈɔstrəˌsaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈɑstrəˌsaɪz]

vt.

放逐,流放

摈弃;排斥

ostracism

n.

ostracism

ostracism
Ostracism is the state of being ostracized or the act of ostracizing someone. (FORMAL)

- ...those who have decided to risk social ostracism and stay on the wrong side of town.

- ...denunciation, tougher sanctions and ostracism from the civilised world.

N-UNCOUNT

ostracism

noun

exclusion

banishment

exile

isolation

rejection

ostracize

ostracize ostracizes ostracizing ostracized
If someone is ostracized , people deliberately behave in an unfriendly way towards them and do not allow them to take part in any of their social activities. (FORMAL)

- She claims she's being ostracized by some members of her local community.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also ostracise

ostracize

verb

exclude

banish

cast out

cold-shoulder

exile

give (someone) the cold shoulder

reject

send to Coventry

shun

ostrich

[D.J.:ˈɔstrɪtʃ, ˈɔ:s-]

[K.K.:ˈɑstrɪtʃ, ˈɔs-]

n.

鸵鸟

ostrich *

ostrich ostriches
An ostrich is a very large African bird that cannot fly.
N-COUNT

OTC

abbr.

Office of Technical Cooperation (联合国)技术合作处

OTC

abbr.

Office of Technical Cooperation (联合国)技术合作处

OTC

OTC
OTC is an abbreviation for over-the-counter .

- ...the first OTC heartburn drug.

- ...head of OTC trading at PaineWebber Inc.

ADJ: ADJ n

other

[D.J.:ˈʌðə]

[K.K.:ˈʌðɚ]

adj.

别的, 其他的, 另外的

(两个中的)另一个

其余的, 剩下的(人或物)

pron.

其他的, 别的, 另外的人[事物]

其余的人[事物]

other *****

(When other follows the determiner an , it is written as one word: see another .)

1. other
You use other to refer to an additional thing or person of the same type as one that has been mentioned or is known about.

- They were just like any other young couple.

- The communique gave no other details.

ADJ: det ADJ, ADJ n

2. other
Also a pronoun.

- Four crewmen were killed, one other was injured.

- In 1914 he (like so many others) lied about his age so that he could join the war effort.

PRON

3. other
You use other to indicate that a thing or person is not the one already mentioned, but a different one.

- The authorities insist that the discussions must not be linked to any other issue.

- Calls cost 36p per minute cheap rate and 48p per minute at all other times.

- He would have to accept it; there was no other way.

- They will then have more money to spend on other things.

ADJ: det ADJ, ADJ n

4. other
Also a pronoun.

- This issue, more than any other, has divided her cabinet.

- Some of these methods will work. Others will not.

PRON

5. other
You use other to refer to the second of two things or people when the identity of the first is already known or understood, or has already been mentioned.

- The Captain was at the other end of the room.

- You deliberately went in the other direction.

- Half of PML's scientists have first degrees, the other half have PhDs.

ADJ: det ADJ

6. other
Also a pronoun.

- Almost everybody had a cigarette in one hand and a martini in the other.

- While one of them tried to put his hand in my pocket, the other held me from behind.

PRON-SING: the PRON

7. other
You use other at the end of a list or a group of examples, to refer generally to people or things like the ones just mentioned.

- Queensway Quay will incorporate shops, restaurants and other amenities.

- Place them in a jam jar, porcelain bowl, or other similar container.

ADJ: det ADJ, ADJ n

8. other
Also a pronoun.

- Descartes received his stimulus from the new physics and astronomy of Copernicus, Galileo, and others.

PRON

9. other
You use other to refer to the rest of the people or things in a group, when you are talking about one particular person or thing.

- When the other pupils were taken to an exhibition, he was left behind.

ADJ: det ADJ

10. other
Also a pronoun.

- Aubrey's on his way here, with the others.

PRON: the PRON

11. other
Other people are people in general, as opposed to yourself or a person you have already mentioned.

- The suffering of other people appals me.

- She likes to be with other people.

ADJ: ADJ n

12. other
Others means the same as other people .

- His humour depended on contempt for others.

PRON-PLURAL

13. other
You use other in informal expressions of time such as the other day , the other evening , or the other week to refer to a day, evening, or week in the recent past.

- I rang her the other day and she said she'd like to come round.

- The other evening we had a party.

ADJ: the ADJ n

14. other
You use expressions like among other things or among others to indicate that there are several more facts, things, or people like the one or ones mentioned, but that you do not intend to mention them all.

- He moved to England in 1980 where, among other things, he worked as a journalist.

- His travels took him to Dublin, among other places.

- He is expected to be supported at the meeting by Dennis Skinner and Tony Benn among others.

PHR: PHR with cl, oft PHR n vagueness

15. other
If something happens, for example, every other day or every other month , there is a day or month when it does not happen between each day or month when it happens.

- Their food is adequate. It includes meat at least every other day, vegetables and fruit.

- Now that their children have grown up she joins Paddy in London every other week.

PHR: usu PHR after v

16. other
You use every other to emphasize that you are referring to all the rest of the people or things in a group.

- The same will apply in every other country.

PHR: PHR n emphasis

17. other
You use none other than and no other than to emphasize the name of a person or thing when something about that person or thing is surprising in a particular situation.

- He called together all his employees and announced that the manager was none other than his son.

PHR: PHR n emphasis

18. other
You use nothing other than and no other than when you are going to mention a course of action, decision, or description and emphasize that it is the only one possible in the situation.

- Nothing other than an immediate custodial sentence could be justified.

- The rebels would not be happy with anything other than the complete removal of the current regime.

- They have left us with no other choice than to take formal action.

PHR: PHR n emphasis

19. other
You use or other in expressions like somehow or other and someone or other to indicate that you cannot or do not want to be more precise about the information that you are giving.

- I was going to have him called away from the house on some pretext or other.

- The Foundation is holding a dinner in honour of something or other.

- Somehow or other he's involved.

PHR: n/adv PHR vagueness

20. other
You use other than after a negative statement to say that the person, item, or thing that follows is the only exception to the statement.

- She makes no reference to any feminist work other than her own.

- The journey by road to Wolverhampton is not recommended to anyone other than the most experienced cyclist.

PHR: with brd-neg, PHR n/-ing
= apart from except

other

adjective

1.

additional

added

alternative

auxiliary

extra

further

more

spare

supplementary

2.

different

contrasting

dissimilar

distinct

diverse

separate

unrelated

variant

otherness

[D.J.:ˈʌðənis]

[K.K.:ˈʌðənɪs]

n.

相异,不同,另一物

otherness

otherness
Otherness is the quality that someone or something has which is different from yourself or from the things that you have experienced.

- I like the otherness of men's minds and bodies.

N-UNCOUNT

otherwise

[D.J.:ˈʌðəwaiz]

[K.K.:ˈʌðɚˌwaɪz]

adv.

用别的方法, 不同地

在其他方面; 除此以外

conj.

否则; 要不然

otherwise ****

1. otherwise
You use otherwise after stating a situation or fact, in order to say what the result or consequence would be if this situation or fact was not the case.

- Make a note of the questions you want to ask. You will invariably forget some of them otherwise.

- I'm lucky that I'm interested in school work, otherwise I'd go mad.

- ...men who want to provide positive role models for kids who might otherwise be out on the streets.

ADV: ADV with cl

2. otherwise
You use otherwise before stating the general condition or quality of something, when you are also mentioning an exception to this general condition or quality.

- The decorations for the games have lent a splash of colour to an otherwise drab city.

- ...a blue and gold caravan, slightly travel-stained but otherwise in good condition.

ADV: ADV group

3. otherwise
You use otherwise to refer in a general way to actions or situations that are very different from, or the opposite to, your main statement. (WRITTEN)

- Take approximately 60mg up to four times a day, unless advised otherwise by a doctor.

- There is no way anything would ever happen between us, and believe me I've tried to convince myself otherwise.

- All photographs are by the author unless otherwise stated.

ADV: ADV with v

4. otherwise
You use otherwise to indicate that other ways of doing something are possible in addition to the way already mentioned.

- The studio could punish its players by keeping them out of work, and otherwise controlling their lives.

ADV: ADV before v

5. otherwise
You use or otherwise or and otherwise to mention something that is not the thing just referred to or is the opposite of that thing.

- It was for the police to assess the validity or otherwise of the evidence.

- He didn't want company, talkative or otherwise.

- I was feeling really ill, mentally and otherwise.

PHR: n/adj PHR

otherwise

conjunction

1.

or else

if not

or then

adverb

2.

differently

any other way

contrarily

other-worldly

adj.

超脱尘世的;超俗的

other-worldly

other-worldly
Other-worldly people, things, and places seem strange or spiritual, and not much connected with ordinary things.

- They encourage an image of the region as an other-worldly sort of place.

- The girl looked up, and smiled a strange, other-worldly smile.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ worldly

OTT

abbr.

over-the-top 过多的

OTT

abbr.

over-the-top 过多的

OTT

OTT
If you describe something as OTT , you mean that it is exaggerated and extreme. OTT is an abbreviation for `over the top'. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...an OTT comedy cabaret revue...

- Some of the designs are subtle, some gloriously OTT.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ understated

otter

[D.J.:ˈɔtə]

[K.K.:ˈɑtɚ]

n.

(水)獭

獭皮

otter *

otter otters
An otter is a small animal with brown fur, short legs, and a long tail. Otters swim well and eat fish.
N-COUNT

ouch

[D.J.:aʊtʃ]

[K.K.:aʊtʃ]

int.

(痛苦或惊讶时的叫声)哎哟

ouch

ouch
People say ouch when they suddenly feel pain.

- She was barefoot and stones dug into her feet. `Ouch, ouch,' she cried.

EXCLAM
= ow

ought

[D.J.:ɔ:t]

[K.K.:ɔt]

aux.v.

应该(指道义上有责任)

应当(显示所采取行动正确或明智)

可能会; 预料会做(某事)

ought ***

( Ought to is a phrasal modal verb. It is used with the base form of a verb. The negative form of ought to is ought not to , which is sometimes shortened to oughtn't to in spoken English.)

1. ought
You use ought to to mean that it is morally right to do a particular thing or that it is morally right for a particular situation to exist, especially when giving or asking for advice or opinions.

- Mark, you've got a good wife. You ought to take care of her.

- The people who already own a bit of money or land ought to have a voice in saying where it goes.

- You ought to be ashamed of yourselves. You've created this problem.

PHR-MODAL
= should

2. ought
You use ought to when saying that you think it is a good idea and important for you or someone else to do a particular thing, especially when giving or asking for advice or opinions.

- You don't have to be alone with him and I don't think you ought to be.

- You ought to ask a lawyer's advice.

- She wondered if she ought to take some coffee out to Alfred.

- We ought not to be quarrelling now.

PHR-MODAL
= should

3. ought
You use ought to to indicate that you expect something to be true or to happen. You use ought to have to indicate that you expect something to have happened already.

- `This ought to be fun,' he told Alex, eyes gleaming.

PHR-MODAL
= should

4. ought
You use ought to to indicate that you think that something should be the case, but might not be.

- By rights the Social Democrats ought to be the favourites in the election. But nothing looks less certain.

- Though this gives them a nice feeling, it really ought to worry them.

PHR-MODAL
= should

5. ought
You use ought to to indicate that you think that something has happened because of what you know about the situation, but you are not certain.

- He ought to have reached the house some time ago.

PHR-MODAL vagueness
= should

6. ought
You use ought to have with a past participle to indicate that something was expected to happen or be the case, but it did not happen or was not the case.

- Basically the system ought to have worked.

- The money to build the power station ought to have been sufficient.

PHR-MODAL
= should have

7. ought
You use ought to have with a past participle to indicate that although it was best or correct for someone to do something in the past, they did not actually do it.

- I realize I ought to have told you about it.

- Perhaps we ought to have trusted people more.

- I ought not to have asked you a thing like that. I'm sorry.

- I'm beginning to feel now we oughtn't to have let her go away like that.

PHR-MODAL
= should have

8. ought
You use ought to when politely telling someone that you must do something, for example that you must leave.

- I really ought to be getting back now.

- I think I ought to go.

PHR-MODAL politeness
= should

oughtn't

[ˈɔtnt]

ought to的缩写

oughtn't

oughtn't
Oughtn't is a spoken form of `ought not'.

= shouldn't

ouija board

ouija board ouija boards
A ouija board is a board with the letters of the alphabet written on it. It is used to ask questions which are thought to be answered by the spirits of dead people.
N-COUNT

ounce

[D.J.:auns]

[K.K.:aʊns]

n.

盎司

〈口〉少量; 一点儿

ounce **

1. ounce ounces
An ounce is a unit of weight used in Britain and the USA. There are sixteen ounces in a pound and one ounce is equal to 28.35 grams.

- ...four ounces of sugar.

N-COUNT: num N, oft N of n

2. ounce
You can refer to a very small amount of something, such as a quality or characteristic, as an ounce .

- If only my father had possessed an ounce of business sense.

- I spent every ounce of energy trying to hide.

N-SING: usu N of n

ounce

noun

shred

atom

crumb

drop

grain

scrap

speck

trace

our

[D.J.:ˈauə]

[K.K.:aʊr]

pron.

我们的

our *****

( Our is the first person plural possessive determiner.)

1. our
You use our to indicate that something belongs or relates both to yourself and to one or more other people.

- We're expecting our first baby.

- I locked myself out of our apartment and had to break in.

- Clear it away so we can put our mugs down.

DET-POSS

2. our
A speaker or writer sometimes uses our to indicate that something belongs or relates to people in general.

- The quality of our life depends on keeping well.

- We are all entirely responsible for our actions, and for our reactions.

DET-POSS

3. our
Speakers sometimes use our with the name of a member of their family. (BRIT, DIALECT)

- Our Barry had a habit of doing that sort of thing.

DET-POSS

Our Lady *

Our Lady
Some Christians, especially Catholics, refer to Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ, as Our Lady .

- Will you pray to Our Lady for me?

N-PROPER
= the Virgin Mary

Our Lord

Our Lord
Christians refer to Jesus Christ as Our Lord .

- Let us remember the words of Our Lord from the gospel of Mark.

N-PROPER
= Jesus Christ Jesus

ours

[D.J.:ˈauəz]

[K.K.:aʊrz]

pron.

我们的

ours **

( Ours is the first person plural possessive pronoun.)

ours
You use ours to refer to something that belongs or relates both to yourself and to one or more other people.

- Japanese democracy is certainly different from ours.

- There are few strangers in a town like ours.

- Half the houses had been fitted with alarms and ours hadn't.

PRON-POSS

ourself

[D.J.:ˈauəself]

[K.K.:aʊrˈsɛlf, ɑr-]

pron.

(我们)自己

ourself

ourself
Ourself is sometimes used instead of `ourselves' when it clearly refers to a singular subject. Some people consider this use to be incorrect.

- ...the way we think of ourself and others.

PRON-REFL: v PRON, prep PRON

ourselves

[D.J.:ˌauəˈselvz]

[K.K.:aʊrˈsɛlvz, ɑr-]

pron.

(we的反身代词)我们自己

(we的强调形式)我们亲自

ourselves ***

( Ourselves is the first person plural reflexive pronoun.)

1. ourselves
You use ourselves to refer to yourself and one or more other people as a group.

- We sat round the fire to keep ourselves warm.

- It was the first time we admitted to ourselves that we were tired.

PRON-REFL: v PRON, prep PRON

2. ourselves
A speaker or writer sometimes uses ourselves to refer to people in general. Ourselves is used as the object of a verb or preposition when the subject refers to the same people.

- We all know that when we exert ourselves our heart rate increases.

PRON-REFL: v PRON, prep PRON

3. ourselves
You use ourselves to emphasize a first person plural subject. In more formal English, ourselves is sometimes used instead of `us' as the object of a verb or preposition, for emphasis.

- Others are feeling just the way we ourselves would feel in the same situation.

- The people who will suffer won't be people like ourselves.

PRON-REFL-EMPH emphasis

4. ourselves
If you say something such as `We did it ourselves ', you are indicating that the people you are referring to did it, rather than anyone else.

- We villagers built that ourselves, we had no help from anyone.

PRON-REFL-EMPH

oust

[D.J.:aust]

[K.K.:aʊst]

vt.

驱逐, 革职, 罢黜

剥夺

oust **

1. oust ousts ousting ousted
If someone is ousted from a position of power, job, or place, you force them to leave it. (FORMAL)

- The leaders have been ousted from power by nationalists.

- Last week they tried to oust him in a parliamentary vote of no confidence.

- ...the ousted government.

VB

2. ousting

- The ousting of his predecessor was one of the most dramatic coups the business world had seen in years.

N-UNCOUNT
= removal

oust

verb

expel

depose

dislodge

displace

dispossess

eject

throw out

topple

turn out

unseat

out

[D.J.:aut]

[K.K.:aʊt]

adv.

离开某地, 不在里面

不在家, 不在工作地点; (书等)已借出

表示远离陆地、祖国、城镇等

显露, 暴露, 问世

过时, 不再流行

大声地; 出声地

到尽头; 全部, 彻底

无知觉

(火或灯)熄灭

outing

[D.J.:ˈaʊtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtɪŋ]

n.

远足, 郊游, 短途旅行

out 1 adverb uses *****

( Out is often used with verbs of movement, such as `walk' and `pull', and also in phrasal verbs such as `give out' and `run out'.)

1. out
When something is in a particular place and you take it out , you remove it from that place.

- Carefully pull out the centre pages.

- He took out his notebook and flipped the pages.

- They paid in that cheque a couple of days ago, and drew out around two thousand in cash.

ADV: ADV after v

2. out
You can use out to indicate that you are talking about the situation outside, rather than inside buildings.

- It's hot out -- very hot, very humid.

ADV: ADV after v
= outside

3. out
If you are out , you are not at home or not at your usual place of work.

- I tried to get in touch with you yesterday evening, but I think you were out.

- She had to go out.

ADV: be ADV, ADV after v
≠ in

4. out
If you say that someone is out in a particular place, you mean that they are in a different place, usually one far away.

- The police tell me they've finished their investigations out there.

- Rosie's husband was now out East.

ADV: ADV adv/prep

5. out
When the sea or tide goes out , the sea moves away from the shore.

- The tide was out and they walked among the rock pools.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV
≠ in

6. out
If you are out a particular amount of money, you have that amount less than you should or than you did. (mainly AM)

- Me and my friends are out ten thousand dollars, with nothing to show for it!

ADV: ADV n

out 2 adjective and adverb uses *****

1. out
If a light or fire is out or goes out , it is no longer shining or burning.

- All the lights were out in the house.

- Several of the lights went out, one after another.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

2. out
If flowers are out , their petals have opened.

- Well, the daffodils are out in the gardens and they're always a beautiful show.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

3. out
Also an adverb.

- I usually put it in my diary when I see the wild flowers coming out.

ADV: ADV after v

4. out
If something such as a book or record is out , it is available for people to buy.

- ...cover versions of 40 British Number Ones -- out now.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

5. out
Also an adverb.

- The French edition came out in early 1992.

ADV: ADV after v

6. out
If workers are out , they are on strike. (INFORMAL)

- We've been out for two and a half months and we're not going back until we get what we're asking for.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
= on strike

7. out
Also an adverb.

- In June last year, 26 people came out on strike protesting against a compulsory 65-hour week.

ADV: ADV after v

8. out
In a game or sport, if someone is out , they can no longer take part either because they are unable to or because they have been defeated.
ADJ: v-link ADJ

9. out
In baseball, a player is out if they do not reach a base safely. When three players in a team are out in an inning, then the team is out .
ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

10. out
If you say that a proposal or suggestion is out , you mean that it is unacceptable.

- That's right out, I'm afraid.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

11. out
If you say that a particular thing is out , you mean that it is no longer fashionable at the present time.

- Romance is making a comeback. Reality is out.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
≠ in

12. out
If you say that a calculation or measurement is out , you mean that it is incorrect.

- When the two ends of the tunnel met in the middle they were only a few inches out.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft amount ADJ

13. out
If someone is out to do something, they intend to do it. (INFORMAL)

- Most companies these days are just out to make a quick profit.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to-inf

out 3 verb use

1. out outs outing outed
If a group of people out a public figure or famous person, they reveal that person's homosexuality against their wishes.

- The New York gay action group `Queer Nation' recently outed an American Congressman.

VB

2. outing

- The gay and lesbian rights group, Stonewall, sees outing as completely unhelpful.

N-UNCOUNT

out 4 preposition uses *****

( Out of is used with verbs of movement, such as `walk' and `pull', and also in phrasal verbs such as `do out of' and `grow out of'. In American English and informal British English, out is often used instead of out of .)

1. out of
If you go out of a place, you leave it.

- She let him out of the house.

PHR-PREP
≠ into

2. out of
If you take something out of the container or place where it has been, you remove it so that it is no longer there.

- I always took my key out of my bag and put it in my pocket.

PHR-PREP

3. out of
If you look or shout out of a window, you look or shout away from the room where you are towards the outside.

- He went on staring out of the window.

- He looked out the window at the car on the street below.

PHR-PREP

4. out of
If you are out of the sun, the rain, or the wind, you are sheltered from it.

- People can keep out of the sun to avoid skin cancer.

PHR-PREP

5. out of
If someone or something gets out of a situation, especially an unpleasant one, they are then no longer in it. If they keep out of it, they do not start being in it.

- In the past army troops have relied heavily on air support to get them out of trouble.

- The economy is starting to climb out of recession.

- The Salvation Army has worked in the big cities to keep endangered young people out of a life of crime.

PHR-PREP

6. out of
You can use out of to say that someone leaves an institution.

- You come out of university and find there are no jobs available.

- Doctors should be able to decide who they can safely let out of hospital early.

PHR-PREP

7. out of
If you are out of range of something, you are beyond the limits of that range.

- Shaun was in the bedroom, out of earshot, watching television.

- He turned to look back, but by then she was out of sight.

PHR-PREP

8. out of
You use out of to say what feeling or reason causes someone to do something. For example, if you do something out of pity, you do it because you pity someone.

- He took up office out of a sense of duty.

- Some people have left out of embarrassment at what's happened to them.

PHR-PREP

9. out of
If you get something such as information or work out of someone, you manage to make them give it to you, usually when they are unwilling to give it.

- `Where is she being held prisoner?' I asked. `Did you get it out of him?'.

- We knew we could get better work out of them.

PHR-PREP

10. out of
If you get pleasure or an advantage out of something, you get it as a result of being involved with that thing or making use of it.

- We all had a lot of fun out of him.

- To get the most out of your money, you have to invest.

PHR-PREP
= from

11. out of
If you are out of something, you no longer have any of it.

- I can't find the sugar -- and we're out of milk.

PHR-PREP

12. out of
If something is made out of a particular material, it consists of that material because it has been formed or constructed from it.

- Would you advise people to make a building out of wood or stone?

PHR-PREP
= from

13. out of
You use out of to indicate what proportion of a group of things something is true of. For example, if something is true of one out of five things, it is true of one fifth of all things of that kind.

- Two out of five thought the business would be sold privately on their retirement or death.

- In 99 cases out of a hundred this will be done more effectively by the army.

PHR-PREP: num PREP num
= in

outing **

1. outing outings
An outing is a short enjoyable trip, usually with a group of people, away from your home, school, or place of work.

- One evening, she made a rare outing to the local discotheque.

- ...families on a Sunday afternoon outing.

N-COUNT
= excursion

2. outing outings
In sport, an outing is an occasion when a player competes in a particular contest or competition.

- Playing against Zebre in England's first outing, he suffered a whiplash injury to his neck.

N-COUNT

out

adjective

1.

away

abroad

absent

elsewhere

gone

not at home

outside

2.

extinguished

at an end

dead

ended

exhausted

expired

finished

used up

outing

noun

trip

excursion

expedition

jaunt

spin informal

out-

[D.J.:aut]

[K.K.:aʊt]

pref.

表示“向外,出外”

out-

out-
You can use out- to form verbs that describe an action as being done better by one person than by another. For example, if you can outswim someone, you can swim further or faster than they can.

- European investors may outspend the Japanese this year.

- ...a younger brother who always outperformed him.

PREFIX

outage

[D.J.:ˈaʊtɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtɪdʒ]

n.

(尤指电力的)断供期;断供

outage

outage outages
An outage is a period of time when the electricity supply to a building or area is interrupted, for example because of damage to the cables. (AM; in BRIT use power cut )

- A windstorm in Washington is causing power outages throughout the region.

N-COUNT

out-and-out

[D.J.:ˈautəndaut]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtnˈaʊt]

adj.

完全的,彻底的

out-and-out

out-and-out
You use out-and-out to emphasize that someone or something has all the characteristics of a particular type of person or thing.

- The Olympic theme tune `Amigos para Siempre' (Friends for Life) proved an out-and-out success.

- Much of what has been written about us is out-and-out lies.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= absolute thorough

outback

[D.J.:ˈautbæk]

[K.K.:ˌaʊtˈbæk]

n.

内地(指澳大利亚等偏僻而人口稀少的地方)

adj.

内地的

adv.

在内地

outback

outback
The parts of Australia that are far away from towns are referred to as the outback .
N-SING: the N

outbid

[D.J.:aʊtˈbɪd]

[K.K.:aʊtˈbɪd]

vt.

出价高于(别人)

outbid

outbid outbids outbidding
If you outbid someone, you offer more money than they do for something that you both want to buy.

- The Museum has antagonised rivals by outbidding them for the world's greatest art treasures.

- Last year, Cray failed to take over the software company, when it was outbid by Electronic Data Systems.

VB The form outbid is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= top

outboard

[D.J.:ˈautbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

adj. & adv.

向舷外的[地]

outboard *

outboard
An outboard motor is one that you can fix to the back of a small boat.
ADJ: ADJ n

outbound

[D.J.:ˈautbaund]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌbaʊnd]

adj.

开往外地的,开往外国的

outbound

outbound
An outbound flight is one that is leaving or about to leave a particular place.
ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ inbound

outbreak

[D.J.:ˈautbreik]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌbrek]

n.

爆发, 突然发生

outbreak **

outbreak outbreaks
If there is an outbreak of something unpleasant, such as violence or a disease, it suddenly starts to happen.

- The four-day festival ended a day early after an outbreak of violence involving hundreds of youths.

- ...the outbreak of war in the Middle East...

- In Peru, a cholera outbreak continues to spread.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

outbreak

noun

eruption

burst

epidemic

explosion

flare-up

outburst

rash

upsurge

outbuilding

[D.J.:ˈautbildiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌbɪldɪŋ]

n.

外屋(指车库、谷仓等)

outbuilding

outbuilding outbuildings
Outbuildings are small buildings for keeping things in or working in which are near a house, on the land belonging to it.
N-COUNT: usu pl

outburst

[D.J.:ˈaʊtˌbɜ:st]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌbə..st]

n.

(蒸汽, 怒气等的)爆发, 突发

outburst *

1. outburst outbursts
An outburst of an emotion, especially anger, is a sudden strong expression of that emotion.

- ...an outburst of anger.

- ...a spontaneous outburst of cheers and applause...

- There has been another angry outburst against the new local tax introduced today.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n
= explosion

2. outburst outbursts
An outburst of violent activity is a sudden period of this activity.

- Five people were reported killed today in a fresh outburst of violence.

- ...this first great outburst of nationalist student protest.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= eruption

outburst

noun

outpouring

eruption

explosion

flare-up

outbreak

paroxysm

spasm

surge

outcast

[D.J.:ˈaʊtˌkæst]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌkæst]

n.

被抛弃者;被排斥者

outcast *

outcast outcasts
An outcast is someone who is not accepted by a group of people or by society.

- He had always been an outcast, unwanted and alone.

- All of us felt like social outcasts.

N-COUNT
= pariah

outcast

noun

pariah

castaway

exile

leper

persona non grata

refugee

vagabond

wretch

outclass

[D.J.:autˈklɑ:s]

[K.K.:aʊtˈklæs]

v.

比…高一等,大大超过

outclass

1. outclass outclasses outclassing outclassed
If you are outclassed by someone, they are a lot better than you are at a particular activity.

- Mason was outclassed by Lennox Lewis in his tragic last fight at Wembley.

- Few city hotels can outclass the Hotel de Crillon.

- ...the hopelessly outclassed French champion.

VB

2. outclass outclasses outclassing outclassed
If one thing outclasses another thing, the first thing is of a much higher quality than the second thing.

- These planes are outclassed by the most recent designs from the former Soviet Union.

- The story outclasses anything written by Frederick Forsyth.

VB
= outshine

outclass

verb

surpass

eclipse

excel

leave standing informal

outdo

outshine

outstrip

overshadow

run rings around informal

outcome

[D.J.:ˈautkʌm]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌkʌm]

n.

结果

outcome ***

outcome outcomes
The outcome of an activity, process, or situation is the situation that exists at the end of it.

- Mr. Singh said he was pleased with the outcome.

- It's too early to know the outcome of her illness.

- ...a successful outcome.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft the N of n
= result

outcome

noun

result

conclusion

consequence

end

issue

payoff informal

upshot

outcrop

[D.J.:ˈautkrɔp]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌkrɑp]

n.

露出地面的岩层

outcrop

outcrop outcrops
An outcrop is a large area of rock sticking out of the ground.

- ...an outcrop of rugged granite.

- ...rocky outcrops, covered in trees and bushes.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) outcropping

outcry

[D.J.:ˈaʊtˌkraɪ]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌkraɪ]

n.

高声叫喊, 尖叫;公开反对

outcry *

outcry outcries
An outcry is a reaction of strong disapproval and anger shown by the public or media about a recent event.

- The killing caused an international outcry.

- There was public outcry from those opposed to abortion.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= protest

outcry

noun

protest

clamour

commotion

complaint

hue and cry

hullaballoo

outburst

uproar

outdated

[D.J.:aʊtˈdeɪtɪd]

[K.K.:aʊtˈdetɪd]

adj.

过时的;无用的

outdated *

outdated
If you describe something as outdated , you mean that you think it is old-fashioned and no longer useful or relevant to modern life.

- ...outdated and inefficient factories.

- ...outdated attitudes...

- Caryl Churchill's play about Romania is already outdated.

ADJ-GRADED
= outmoded

outdated

adjective

old-fashioned

antiquated

archaic

obsolete

outmoded

out of date

pass´e

unfashionable

outdid

[D.J.:autˈdid]

[K.K.:aʊtˈdɪd]

outdo的过去式

outdo

[D.J.:aʊtˈdu:]

[K.K.:aʊtˈdu]

vt.

胜过

outdone

[autˈdʌn]

outdo的过去分词

outdid

Outdid is the past tense of outdo .

outdo *

1. outdo outdoes outdoing outdid outdone
If you outdo someone, you are a lot more successful than they are at a particular activity.

- It was important for me to outdo them, to feel better than they were.

- Both sides have tried to outdo each other to show how tough they can be.

VB

2. outdo
You use not to be outdone to introduce an action which someone takes in response to a previous action.

- Not to be outdone, the Croats came up with a peacekeeping proposal of their own.

- She wore a lovely tiara but the groom, not to be outdone, had on a very smart embroidered waistcoat.

PHR: PHR with cl

outdo

verb

surpass

beat

best

eclipse

exceed

get the better of

outclass

outmanoeuvre

overcome

top

transcend

outdistance

[D.J.:aʊtˈdɪstəns]

[K.K.:aʊtˈdɪstəns]

vt.

把(竞争者)远远抛在后面

outdistance

1. outdistance outdistances outdistancing outdistanced
If you outdistance someone, you are a lot better and more successful than they are at a particular activity over a period of time.

- It didn't matter that Ingrid had outdistanced them as a movie star.

VB
= outstrip

2. outdistance outdistances outdistancing outdistanced
If you outdistance your opponents in contest of some kind, you beat them easily.

- ...a millionaire businessman who easily outdistanced his major rivals for the nomination.

VB
= outstrip

outdoor

[D.J.:ˈautdɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌdɔr, -ˌdor]

adj.

户外的, 露天的

喜欢户外活动的

outdoor **

outdoor
Outdoor activities or things happen or are used outside and not in a building.

- If you enjoy outdoor activities, this is the trip for you.

- There were outdoor cafes on almost every block.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ indoor

outdoor

adjective

open-air

alfresco

out-of-door(s)

outside

outdoors

[D.J.:ˈautdɔ:z]

[K.K.:aʊtˈdɔrz, -ˈdorz]

adv.

在户外

outdoors *

1. outdoors
If something happens outdoors , it happens outside in the fresh air rather than in a building.

- It was warm enough to be outdoors all afternoon.

- The ceremony was being held outdoors.

ADV: be ADV, ADV after v
= out of doors ≠ indoors

2. outdoors
You refer to the outdoors when talking about work or leisure activities which take place outside away from buildings.

- I'm a lover of the outdoors.

- Life in the great outdoors isn't supposed to be luxurious.

N-SING: the N

outer

[D.J.:ˈautə]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtɚ]

adj.

外面的, 外表的

远离内部[中心]的

outer **

outer
The outer parts of something are the parts which contain or enclose the other parts, and which are furthest from the centre.

- He heard a voice in the outer room.

- ...the outer suburbs of the city.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ inner

outer

adjective

external

exposed

exterior

outlying

outside

outward

peripheral

surface

outermost

[D.J.:ˈaʊtəˌməʊst]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtɚˌmost]

adj.

最外面的;离中心最远的

outermost

outermost
The outermost thing in a group is the one that is furthest from the centre.

- ...the outermost corners of each room.

- ...Pluto, the outermost known planet.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ innermost

outer space *

outer space
Outer space is the area outside the earth's atmosphere where the other planets and stars are situated.

- In 1957, the Soviets launched Sputnik 1 into outer space.

N-UNCOUNT

outerwear

[D.J.:ˈautəweə]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtɚˌwɛr]

n.

(总称)外衣,外套

outerwear

outerwear
Outerwear is clothing that is not worn underneath other clothing.

- The latest in sports bras are colorful tops designed as outerwear.

N-UNCOUNT

outfall

[D.J.:ˈautfɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌfɔl]

n.

河口,排水口

outfall

outfall outfalls
An outfall is a place where water or waste flows out of a drain, often into the sea.

- During the winter months, great flocks of gulls gather at rubbish tips and sewage outfalls.

N-COUNT

outfield

[D.J.:ˈaʊtˌfi:ld]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌfild]

n.

(板球及棒球)外场

outfield

outfield
In baseball and cricket, the outfield is the part of the field that is furthest from the batting area.
N-SING: the N

outfielder

[D.J.:ˈautfi:ldə]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌfildɚ]

n.

外场手

outfielder

outfielder outfielders
In baseball and cricket, the outfielders are the players in the part of the field that is furthest from the batting area.
N-COUNT

outfit

[D.J.:ˈautfit]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌfɪt]

n.

全套装备, 全套工具

一套服装

集体; 组织

outfitting

舾装

outfit **

1. outfit outfits
An outfit is a set of clothes.

- She was wearing an outfit she'd bought the previous day.

- I spent lots of money on smart new outfits for work.

N-COUNT

2. outfit outfits
You can refer to an organization as an outfit .

- He works for a private security outfit.

- We are a professional outfit and we do require payment for our services.

N-COUNT: oft supp N
= organization

3. outfit outfits outfitting outfitted
To outfit someone or something means to provide them with equipment for a particular purpose. (mainly AM)

- They outfitted him with artificial legs.

- I outfitted an attic bedroom as a studio.

VB
= fit out

outfit

noun

1.

costume

clothes

ensemble

garb

get-up informal

kit

suit

2.

group

company

crew

organization

setup informal

squad

team

unit

outfitter

[ˈautfitə]

n.

旅行用品商,运动用具商

outfitter

outfitter outfitters
An outfitter or an outfitters is a shop that sells clothes and equipment for a specific purpose. (mainly BRIT)

- ...J. Hepworth, the men's outfitter...

- He went into a sports outfitters and made a few purchases.

N-COUNT: oft supp N also outfitters .

outflank

[D.J.:autˈflæŋk]

[K.K.:aʊtˈflæŋk]

v.

翼侧包围

outflank

1. outflank outflanks outflanking outflanked
In a battle, when one group of soldiers outflanks another, it succeeds in moving past the other group in order to be able to attack it from the side.

- ...plans designed by General Schwarzkopf to outflank them from the west.

VB

2. outflank outflanks outflanking outflanked
If you outflank someone, you succeed in getting into a position where you can defeat them, for example in an argument.

- He had tried to outflank them.

- His own ideas were outflanked by those of more radical reformers.

VB
= outdo

outflow

[D.J.:ˈautfləu]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌflo]

n.

流出, 外流

outflow *

outflow outflows
When there is an outflow of money or people, a large amount of money or people move from one place to another.

- There was a net outflow of about £650m in short-term capital.

- ...an increasing outflow of refugees.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
≠ inflow

outfox

[D.J.:aʊtˈfɔks]

[K.K.:aʊtˈfɑks]

vt.

<非正>智胜;以计谋胜过;比…更狡猾

outfox

outfox outfoxes outfoxing outfoxed
If you outfox someone, you defeat them in some way because you are cleverer than they are.

- There is no greater thrill than to bluff a man, trap him and outfox him.

VB
= outwit outsmart

outgoing

[D.J.:ˈaʊtˌgəʊɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌɡoɪŋ]

adj.

对人友好的;开朗的

即将离职的

outgoing *

1. outgoing
You use outgoing to describe a person in charge of something who is soon going to leave that position.

- ...the outgoing director of the Edinburgh International Festival.

ADJ: ADJ n
= retiring

2. outgoing
Outgoing things such as planes, mail, and passengers are leaving or being sent somewhere.

- All outgoing flights were grounded.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ incoming

3. outgoing
Someone who is outgoing is very friendly and likes meeting and talking to people.

- She's very outgoing.

- ...his outgoing behaviour.

ADJ-GRADED
= extrovert

outgoing

adjective Informal

1.

leaving

departing

former

retiring

withdrawing

2.

sociable

approachable

communicative

expansive

extrovert

friendly

gregarious

open

warm

outgoings

n.

开支

outgoings

outgoings
Your outgoings are the regular amounts of money which you have to spend every week or every month, for example in order to pay your rent or bills. (BRIT; in AM usually use outlay or expenses )

- She suggests you first assess your income and outgoings.

- ...monthly outgoings.

N-PLURAL
= expenses

outgoings

plural noun

expenses

costs

expenditure

outlay

overheads

outgrow

[D.J.:aʊtˈgrəʊ]

[K.K.:aʊtˈɡro]

vt.

长〔发展〕 得超过(某物)的范围;长〔发展〕得不能再要(某物)

长得比…快;生长速度超过

生长或进步超过了…

outgrow *

1. outgrow outgrows outgrowing outgrew outgrown
If a child outgrows a piece of clothing, they grow bigger, so that it no longer fits them.

- She outgrew her clothes so rapidly that Patsy was always having to buy new ones.

- ...outgrown baby clothes.

VB
= grow out of

2. outgrow outgrows outgrowing outgrew outgrown
If you outgrow a particular way of behaving or thinking, you change and become more mature, so that you no longer behave or think in that way.

- The girl may or may not outgrow her interest in fashion.

VB
= grow out of

outgrowth

[D.J.:ˈaʊtˌgrəʊθ]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌɡroθ]

n.

自然结果;副产物；生长物

outgrowth

outgrowth outgrowths
Something that is an outgrowth of another thing has developed naturally as a result of it.

- Her first book is an outgrowth of an art project she began in 1988.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= consequence

outguess

[D.J.:autˈɡes]

[K.K.:aʊtˈɡɛs]

vt.

看透,智胜

outguess

outguess outguesses outguessing outguessed
If you outguess someone, you try to predict what they are going to do in order to gain some advantage.

- Only by being him can you hope to out-guess him.

- A very good investor will outguess the market.

VB

outgun

[D.J.:autˈɡʌn]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˈɡʌn]

n.

在武器上超过

outgun

1. outgun outguns outgunning outgunned
In a battle, if one army is outgunned , they are in a very weak position because the opposing army has more or better weapons.

- First Airborne Division was heavily outgunned by German forces.

- They met little resistance from outgunned government troops.

VB: usu passive

2. outgun outguns outgunning outgunned
If you are outgunned in a contest, you are beaten because your rival is stronger or better than you.

- Clearly, the BBC is being outgunned by ITV's original drama.

- He soon hit top speed to outgun all his rivals in the opening qualifying session.

VB

outhouse

[D.J.:ˈauthaus]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌhaʊs]

n.

外屋,厕所

outhouse

1. outhouse outhouses
An outhouse is a small building attached to a house or very close to the house, used, for example, for storing things in.
N-COUNT

2. outhouse outhouses
An outhouse is an outside toilet. (AM)
N-COUNT

outlandish

[D.J.:aʊtˈlændɪʃ]

[K.K.:aʊtˈlændɪʃ]

adj.

(看或听起来很)古怪的, 奇异的

outlandish *

outlandish
If you describe something as outlandish , you disapprove of it because you think it is very unusual, strange, or unreasonable.

- They appeared at parties in outlandish clothes.

- This idea is not as outlandish as it sounds.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= bizarre

outlandish

adjective

strange

bizarre

exotic

fantastic

far-out slang

freakish

outr´e

preposterous

unheard-of

weird

outlast

[D.J.:autˈlɑ:st]

[K.K.:aʊtˈlæst]

vt.

比…长久,比…活得长

outlast

outlast outlasts outlasting outlasted
If one thing outlasts another thing, the first thing lives or exists longer than the second.

- These naturally dried flowers will outlast a bouquet of fresh blooms.

- People should listen to his music -- it will outlast us all.

VB: no passive

outlaw

[D.J.:ˈautlɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌlɔ]

n.

歹徒, 亡命之徒

vt.

宣布…为不合法

outlaw **

1. outlaw outlaws outlawing outlawed
When something is outlawed , it is made illegal.

- In 1975 gambling was outlawed.

- The German government has outlawed some fascist groups.

- ...the outlawed political parties.

VB
= ban

2. outlaw outlaws
An outlaw is a criminal who is hiding from the authorities. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Jesse was an outlaw, a bandit, a criminal.

N-COUNT
= fugitive

outlaw

noun

1.

bandit

brigand

desperado

fugitive

highwayman

marauder

outcast

robber

verb

2.

forbid

ban

bar

disallow

exclude

prohibit

proscribe

outlay

[D.J.:ˈaʊtˌleɪ]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌle]

n.

支出;费用

outlay *

outlay outlays
Outlay is the amount of money that you have to spend in order to buy something or start a project.

- Apart from the capital outlay of buying the machine, dishwashers can actually save you money.

- A beginner could really enjoy the hobby for an outlay of between £5 or £10 a month.

N-VAR: usu with supp

outlay

noun

expenditure

cost

expenses

investment

outgoings

spending

outlet

[D.J.:ˈautlet]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌlɛt, -lɪt]

n.

出口, 出路

发泄的途径

经销店

outlet **

1. outlet outlets
An outlet is a shop or organization which sells the goods made by a particular manufacturer.

- ...the largest retail outlet in the city.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

2. outlet outlets
An outlet or an outlet store is a place which sells slightly damaged or outdated goods from a particular manufacturer, or goods that it made in greater quantities than needed.

- ...the factory outlet store in Belmont.

N-COUNT: also N n

3. outlet outlets
If someone has an outlet for their feelings or ideas, they have a means of expressing and releasing them.

- Her father had found an outlet for his ambition in his work.

N-COUNT: oft N for n
= channel

4. outlet outlets
An outlet is a hole or pipe through which liquid or air can flow away.

- ...a warm air outlet.

- ...an underwater outlet pipe discharging waste into the sea.

N-COUNT

5. outlet outlets
An outlet is a place, usually in a wall, where you can connect electrical devices to the electricity supply. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use socket )
N-COUNT
= power point

outlet

noun

1.

release

avenue

channel

duct

exit

opening

vent

2.

shop

market

store

outline

[D.J.:ˈautlain]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌlaɪn]

n.

提纲, 要点, 概要

外形, 轮廓, 略图

vt.

画[标]出…的轮廓

概述, 列提纲

outlining

描绘轮廓

outline ***

1. outline outlines outlining outlined
If you outline an idea or a plan, you explain it in a general way.

- The mayor outlined his plan to clean up the town's image.

- The methods outlined in this book are only suggestions.

VB
= sketch out

2. outline outlines
An outline is a general explanation or description of something.

- Following is an outline of the survey findings.

- The proposals were given in outline by the Secretary of State.

N-COUNT: also in N
= sketch

3. outline outlined
You say that an object is outlined when you can see its general shape because there is light behind it.

- The Ritz was outlined against the lights up there.

- It was a beautiful sight outlined above the starry sky.

V-PASSIVE

4. outline outlines
The outline of something is its general shape, especially when it cannot be clearly seen.

- He could see only the hazy outline of the goalposts.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

outline

noun

1.

summary

recapitulation

r´esum´e

rundown

synopsis

thumbnail sketch

2.

shape

configuration

contour

delineation

figure

form

profile

silhouette

verb

3.

summarize

adumbrate

delineate

draft

plan

rough out

sketch (in)

trace

outlive

[D.J.:aʊtˈlɪv]

[K.K.:aʊtˈlɪv]

vt.

比(某人)长寿;活到(某事)已被遗忘

outlive *

outlive outlives outliving outlived
If one person outlives another, they are still alive after the second person has died. If one thing outlives another thing, the first thing continues to exist after the second has disappeared or been replaced.

- I'm sure Rose will outlive many of us.

- Khrushchev predicted that Communism would outlive Capitalism.

- By the early 1980s, the power station had outlived its purpose.

VB

outlive

verb

survive

outlast

outlook

[D.J.:ˈautluk]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌlʊk]

n.

景色, 景致

观点; 见解

展望; 前景

outlook **

1. outlook outlooks
Your outlook is your general attitude towards life.

- The illness had a profound effect on his outlook.

- I adopted a positive outlook on life.

- We were quite different in outlook, Philip and I.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp, also in N
= perspective

2. outlook
The outlook for something is what people think will happen in relation to it.

- The economic outlook is one of rising unemployment.

- Has motherhood changed your career outlook?

- ...the uncertain outlook for the motor industry.

N-SING: oft supp N
= prospect

outlook

noun

1.

attitude

angle

frame of mind

perspective

point of view

slant

standpoint

viewpoint

2.

prospect

expectations

forecast

future

outlying

[D.J.:ˈaʊtˌlaɪɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌlaɪɪŋ]

adj.

偏僻的,边远的

outlying *

outlying
Outlying places are far away from the main cities of a country.

- Tourists can visit outlying areas like the Napa Valley Wine Country.

- The main industry on the outlying islands is farming.

ADJ: ADJ n
= remote

outlying

adjective

remote

distant

far-flung

out-of-the-way

peripheral

provincial

outmanoeuvre

[D.J.:ˌautməˈnu:və]

[K.K.:ˌaʊtməˈnuvɚ, -ˈnju-]

vt.

比(对手等)技高一着，智胜一筹

outmanoeuvre

outmanoeuvre outmanoeuvres outmanoeuvring outmanoeuvred
When you outmanoeuvre someone, you gain an advantage over them in a particular situation by behaving in a clever and skilful way.

- He has shown once again that he's able to outmanoeuvre the military.

- Great Britain's hockey players were outmanoeuvred by Germany.

VB (AM) outmaneuver

outmoded

[D.J.:aʊtˈməʊdɪd]

[K.K.:aʊtˈmodɪd]

adj.

过时的

不流行的

outmoded

outmoded
If you describe something as outmoded , you mean that you think it is old-fashioned and no longer useful or relevant to modern life.

- Romania badly needs aid to modernise its outmoded industries.

- What hope is there, if people in positions of power continue to promote outmoded attitudes?.

- The political system has become thoroughly outmoded.

ADJ-GRADED
= outdated

outmoded

adjective

old-fashioned

anachronistic

antiquated

archaic

obsolete

out-of-date

outworn

pass´e

unfashionable

outnumber

[D.J.:aʊtˈnʌmbə]

[K.K.:aʊtˈnʌmbɚ]

vt.

数量多于;比…多

outnumbering

超过,超出数量

outnumber *

outnumber outnumbers outnumbering outnumbered
If one group of people or things outnumbers another, the first group has more people or things in it than the second group.

- ...a town where men outnumber women four to one...

- Donkeys outnumber cars in this landscape of tiny stone-walled fields.

VB

out-of-body

out-of-body
An out-of-body experience is one in which you feel as if you are outside your own body, watching it and what is going on around it.
ADJ: ADJ n

out of date *

out of date
Something that is out of date is old-fashioned and no longer useful.

- Think how rapidly medical knowledge has gone out of date in recent years.

- ...out-of-date nuclear power stations.

ADJ-GRADED also out-of-date .

out of doors

out of doors
If you are out of doors , you are outside a building rather than inside it.

- Sometimes we eat out of doors.

- Don't you worry about them when they're out of doors?

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV also out-of-doors .
= outdoors ≠ indoors

out-of-pocket

[D.J.:ˈautəvˈpɔkit]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtəvˈpɑkɪt]

adj.

(需)现款支付的,不列入预算的

out-of-pocket

out-of-pocket
Out-of-pocket expenses are those which you pay out of your own money on behalf of someone else, and which are often paid back to you later.

- I charge twenty dollars an hour plus out-of-pocket expenses.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also pocket .

out-of-the-way

[D.J.:autəvðəˈwei]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtəvðəˈwe]

adj.

偏僻的,偏远的,非凡的,少有的

out-of-the-way *

out-of-the-way
Out-of-the-way places are difficult to reach and are therefore not often visited.

- ...an out-of-the-way spot.

- ...the difficulty of travelling anywhere out of the way.

ADJ-GRADED also out of the way .
= remote

out of touch *

1. out of touch
Someone who is out of touch with a situation is not aware of recent changes in it.

- Washington politicians are out of touch with the American people.

- If they really believe in this then they must be completely out of touch.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n

2. out of touch
If you are out of touch with someone, you have not been in contact with them recently and are not familiar with their present situation.

- James wasn't invited. We've been out of touch for years. But I did invite Caleb.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n
= in touch

out-of-town

[D.J.:ˈautəvˈtaun]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtəvˈtaʊn]

adj.

外地的

out-of-town *

1. out-of-town
Out-of-town shops or facilities are situated away from the centre of a town or city.

- ...shopping at cheaper, out-of-town supermarkets.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. out-of-town
Out-of-town is used to describe people who do not live in a particular town or city, but have travelled there for a particular purpose.

- ...a deluxe hotel for out-of-town visitors.

ADJ: ADJ n

out of work *

out of work
Someone who is out of work does not have a job.

- ...a town where half the men are usually out of work.

- ...an out of work actor.

ADJ also out-of-work .
= unemployed

outpace

[D.J.:autˈpeis]

[K.K.:aʊtˈpes]

vt.

超过…速度,赶过

outpace *

outpace outpaces outpacing outpaced
To outpace someone or something means to perform a particular action faster or better than they can.

- These hovercraft can easily outpace most boats.

- The Japanese economy will continue to outpace its foreign rivals for years to come.

- She outpaced the former Olympic champion Evelyn Ashford.

VB
= outstrip

outpatient

[D.J.:ˈaʊtˌpeɪʃənt]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌpeʃənt]

n.

门诊病人, 不住院病人

outpatient *

outpatient outpatients
An outpatient is someone who receives treatment at a hospital but does not spend the night there.

- ...the outpatient clinic...

- She received psychiatric care as an outpatient.

N-COUNT: oft N n also out-patient .
≠ in-patient

outperform

[D.J.:ˌaʊtpəˈfɔ:m]

[K.K.:ˌaʊtpɚˈfɔrm]

vt.

做得比…更好;胜过

outperform *

outperform outperforms outperforming outperformed
If one thing outperforms another, the first is more successful or efficient than the second. (JOURNALISM)

- In recent years the Austrian economy has outperformed most other industrial economies.

- It was yet another case where the human eye outperformed radar.

VB

outplacement

[D.J.:ˈaʊtˌpleɪsmənt]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌplesmənt]

（解雇后的）新职介绍

outplacement

[D.J.:ˈaʊtˌpleɪsmənt]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌplesmənt]

n.

(被解雇后的)新职介绍

outplacement

outplacement
An outplacement agency gives advice to managers and other professional people who have recently become unemployed, and helps them find new jobs.
N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

outplay

[D.J.:autˈplei]

[K.K.:aʊtˈple]

vt.

胜过,击败

outplay

outplay outplays outplaying outplayed
In sports, if one person or team outplays an opposing person or team, they play much better than their opponents.

- We outplayed the Australians.

- He was outplayed by the Swedish 21-year-old.

VB

outpoint

[D.J.:autˈpɔint]

[K.K.:aʊtˈpɔɪnt]

vt.

得分多于…,比…更向逆风航行

outpoint

outpoint outpoints outpointing outpointed
In boxing, if one boxer outpoints another, they win the match by getting more points then their opponent.

- Kane won the world title in 1938 when he outpointed Jackie Durich.

VB

outpost

[D.J.:ˈaʊtˌpəʊst]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌpost]

n.

前哨, 哨兵, 哨站

边远居民点

outpost *

outpost outposts
An outpost is a small group of buildings used for trading or military purposes, either in a distant part of your own country or in a foreign country.

- ...a remote mountain outpost, linked to the outside world by the poorest of roads.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft supp N, N of n

outpouring

[D.J.:ˈautpɔ:riŋ]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌpɔrɪŋ, -ˌpor-]

n.

倾泄,流出,流露

outpouring

outpouring outpourings
An outpouring of something such as an emotion or a reaction is the expression of it in an uncontrolled way.

- The news of his death produced an instant outpouring of grief.

- ...an outpouring of anti-Western feeling.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n
= flood

outpouring

noun

stream

cascade

effusion

flow

spate

spurt

torrent

output

[D.J.:ˈautput]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌpʊt]

n.

产量

输出, 输出功率

output ***

1. output outputs
Output is used to refer to the amount of something that a person or thing produces.

- Manual workers need a good breakfast for high-energy output.

- Government statistics show the largest drop in industrial output for ten years.

N-VAR: usu supp N

2. output outputs
The output of a computer or word processor is the information that it displays on a screen or prints on paper as a result of a particular program.

- You run the software, you look at the output, you make modifications.

N-VAR

output

noun

production

achievement

manufacture

productivity

yield

outrage

[D.J.:ˈautreidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌredʒ]

n.

义愤, 愤慨

暴行

骇人听闻的事件

vt.

引起…的义愤, 激怒

outrage **

1. outrage outrages outraging outraged
If you are outraged by something, it makes you extremely shocked and angry.

- Many people have been outraged by some of the things that have been said.

- Reports of torture and mass executions in Serbia's detention camps have outraged the world's religious leaders.

VB

2. outraged

- He is truly outraged about what's happened to him.

- Some outraged readers said the story was extremely offensive and distressing.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ at/about n
= appalled

3. outrage
Outrage is an intense feeling of anger and shock.

- The decision provoked outrage from women and human rights groups.

- The Treaty has failed to arouse genuine public outrage.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
= indignation

4. outrage outrages
You can refer to an act or event which you find very shocking as an outrage .

- The latest outrage was to have been a co-ordinated gun and bomb attack on the station.

- Tom, this is an outrage!

N-COUNT

outrage

noun

1.

violation

abuse

affront

desecration

indignity

insult

offence

sacrilege

violence

2.

indignation

anger

fury

hurt

resentment

shock

wrath

verb

3.

offend

affront

incense

infuriate

madden

scandalize

shock

outrageous

[D.J.:aʊtˈreɪdʒəs]

[K.K.:aʊtˈredʒəs]

adj.

骇人的;残暴的;无耻的;不道德的

outrageously

[D.J.:aʊtˈreɪd ʒəslɪ]

[K.K.:aʊtˈred ʒəslɪ]

adv.

凶残地;肆无忌惮地;令人不能容忍地

不寻常地;惊人地

outrageous **

1. outrageous
If you describe something as outrageous , you are emphasizing that it is unacceptable or very shocking.

- I must apologise for my outrageous behaviour.

- Charges for local telephone calls are particularly outrageous.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= scandalous

2. outrageously

- Car-parks are few, crammed, and outrageously expensive.

- She flirted with him outrageously at times.

ADV: usu ADV adj

outrageous

adjective

1.

offensive

atrocious

disgraceful

flagrant

heinous

iniquitous

nefarious

unspeakable

villainous

wicked

2.

shocking

exorbitant

extravagant

immoderate

preposterous

scandalous

steep informal

unreasonable

outran

[D.J.:ˌautˈræn]

[K.K.:aʊtˈræn]

outrun的过去式

outrun

[D.J.:aʊtˈrʌn]

[K.K.:aʊtˈrʌn]

vt.

跑得比…快

逃脱;逃走

超出;超过

outran

Outran is the past tense of outrun .

outrun

1. outrun outruns outrunning outran
If you outrun someone, you run faster than they do, and therefore are able to escape from them or to arrive somewhere before they do.

- There are not many players who can outrun me.

VB The form outrun is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= outstrip

2. outrun outruns outrunning outran
If one thing outruns another thing, the first thing develops faster than the second thing.

- Spending could outrun the capacity of businesses to produce the goods.

VB The form outrun is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= exceed

outrank

[D.J.:autˈræŋk]

[K.K.:aʊtˈræŋk]

v.

居…的上位,地位高于

outrank

outrank outranks outranking outranked
If one person outranks another person, he or she has a higher position or grade within an organization than the other person.

- The most junior executive officer outranked the senior engineer officer aboard ship.

VB

outr´e

outr´e
Something that is outr´e is very unusual and strange. (FORMAL)

- ...outr´e outfits designed by students at the Royal College of Art.

ADJ-GRADED
= way-out

outr´e

adjective

eccentric

bizarre

fantastic

freakish

odd

off-the-wall slang

outlandish

unconventional

weird

outreach

[D.J.:autˈri:tʃ]

[K.K.:aʊtˈritʃ]

v.

到达顶端,超越

outreach

outreach
Outreach programmes and schemes try to find people who need help or advice rather than waiting for those people to come and ask for help.

- Their brief is to undertake outreach work essentially aimed at the young African Caribbeans on the South Acton Estate.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

outrider

[D.J.:ˈautˌraidə]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌraɪdɚ]

n.

骑马侍从,先驱者,摩托车警卫

outrider

outrider outriders
Outriders are people such as policemen who ride on motorcycles or horses beside or in front of an official vehicle, in order to protect the people in the vehicle.

- ...a black Mercedes with motorcycle outriders provided by the city's police.

N-COUNT: usu n N

outright

[D.J.:ˈautrait]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˈraɪt, -ˌraɪt]

adv.

完全地; 彻底地

坦率地; 直率地; 无保留地

立即, 当场

adj.

完全的; 彻底的

outright **

1. outright
You use outright to describe behaviour and actions that are open and direct, rather than indirect.

- Kawaguchi finally resorted to an outright lie.

- ...outright condemnation.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. outright
Also an adverb.

- Why are you so mysterious? Why don't you tell me outright?.

- Sharon laughed outright.

ADV: ADV after v
= openly

3. outright
Outright means complete and total.

- She had failed to win an outright victory.

- The response of the audience varied from outright rejection to warm hospitality.

ADJ: ADJ n
= absolute

4. outright
If someone is killed outright , they die immediately, for example in an accident.

- The peace plan wasn't rejected outright.

- My driver was killed outright.

PHR: V inflects

outright

adjective

1.

absolute

complete

out-and-out

perfect

thorough

thoroughgoing

total

unconditional

unmitigated

unqualified

2.

direct

definite

flat

straightforward

unequivocal

unqualified

adverb

3.

absolutely

completely

openly

overtly

straightforwardly

thoroughly

to the full

outsell

[D.J.:autˈsel]

[K.K.:aʊtˈsɛl]

vt.

卖得比…多

outsold

[D.J.:autˈsəuld]

[K.K.:aʊtˈsold]

outsell的过去式及过去分词

outsell

outsell outsells outselling outsold
If one product outsells another product, the first product is sold more quickly or in larger quantities than the second.

- The team's products easily outsell those of other American baseball clubs overseas.

- Armani consistently outsells all other European designers.

VB

outsold

Outsold is the past tense and past participle of outsell .

outset

[D.J.:ˈautset]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌsɛt]

n.

开始, 开端

outset **

outset
If something happens at the outset of an event, process, or period of time, it happens at the beginning of it. If something happens from the outset it happens from the beginning and continues to happen.

- Decide at the outset what kind of learning programme you want to follow.

- From the outset he had put his trust in me, the son of his old friend.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR cl

outset

noun

beginning

commencement

inauguration

inception

kickoff informal

onset

opening

start

outshine

[D.J.:aʊtˈʃaɪn]

[K.K.:aʊtˈʃaɪn]

vt.

比…更出色,更优异

outshine

outshine outshines outshining outshone
If you outshine someone at a particular activity, you are much better at it than they are.

- Jesse has begun to outshine me in sports.

VB
= outclass

outshine

verb

overshadow

eclipse

leave or put in the shade

outclass

outdo

outstrip

surpass

transcend

upstage

outside

[D.J.:ˌautˈsaid]

[K.K.:aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd]

adv.

在外面, 向外面

在户外; 露天

n.

外面, 外部

adj.

外部的, 在外面的, 对着外面的

不在主建筑物内的; 外面的

集团外的, 组织外的, 外界的, 局外的

(选择余地、可能性等)非常小

可能性最大的, 最可能的

prep.

(表示位置)在[向]…的外面

(表示范围)超出…的范围

(表示排斥)除了(某人)

outside *****

(The form outside of can also be used as a preposition. This form is more usual in American English.)

1. outside outsides
The outside of something is the part which surrounds or encloses the rest of it.

- ...the outside of the building...

- Cook over a fairly high heat until the outsides are browned.

N-COUNT: usu the N, oft N of n
≠ inside

2. outside
Also an adjective.

- ...high up on the outside wall.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. outside
If you are outside , you are not inside a building but are quite close to it.

- `Was the car inside the garage?' --- `No, it was still outside.'.

- I stepped outside and pulled up my collar against the cold mist.

- Outside, the light was fading rapidly.

- The shouting outside grew louder.

ADV: be ADV, ADV after v, n ADV, ADV with cl
≠ inside

4. outside
Also a preposition.

- The victim was outside a shop when he was attacked.

PREP
≠ inside

5. outside
Also an adjective.

- ...the outside temperature.

- ...an outside toilet.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. outside
If you are outside a room, you are not in it but are in the passage or area next to it.

- She'd sent him outside the classroom.

- He stood in the narrow hallway just outside the door.

PREP
≠ inside

7. outside
Also an adverb.

- They heard voices coming from outside in the corridor.

- She heard the dog on the landing outside.

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV
≠ inside

8. outside
When you talk about the outside world, you are referring to things that happen or exist in places other than your own home or community.

- ...a side of Morris's character she hid carefully from the outside world...

- It's important to have outside interests.

ADJ: ADJ n

9. outside
Also an adverb.

- The scheme was good for the prisoners because it brought them outside into the community.

ADV: ADV after v

10. outside
People or things outside a country, town, or region are not in it.

- ...an old castle outside Budapest...

- The number of warships stationed outside European waters roughly doubled.

- ...theatres both in and outside London.

PREP: n/-ed PREP n
≠ in

11. outside
Also a noun.

- Peace cannot be imposed from the outside by the United States or anyone else.

N-SING: the N

12. outside
On a wide road, the outside lanes are the ones which are closest to its centre.

- It was travelling in the outside lane at 78mph.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ inside

13. outside
Also a noun.

- ...coming up on the outside.

N-SING: the N

14. outside
Outside people or organizations are not part of a particular organization or group.

- The company now makes much greater use of outside consultants.

- ...church services given on Sundays by outside chaplains.

ADJ: ADJ n

15. outside
Also a preposition.

- He is hoping to recruit a chairman from outside the company.

PREP

16. outside
Outside a particular institution or field of activity means in other fields of activity or in general life.

- The condition is practically unknown outside psychiatry clinics.

- ...the largest merger ever to take place outside the oil industry.

PREP

17. outside
Something that is outside a particular range of things is not included within it.

- She is a beautiful boat, but way, way outside my price range.

- When Cathy sings about love, you feel that she's singing about something outside her experience.

PREP
= beyond ≠ within

18. outside
Something that happens outside a particular period of time happens at a different time from the one mentioned.

- They are open outside normal daily banking hours.

- ...nor does it help if your job involves working outside normal office hours.

PREP
≠ in within

19. outside
Outside of is used to introduce the only thing or person that prevents your main statement from being completely true.

- Every single relationship I've had with a man, outside of my husband, has ended in disaster.

PHR-PREP: PREP n/-ing
= apart from

20. outside
You use at the outside to say that you think that a particular amount is the largest possible in a particular situation, or that a particular time is the latest possible time for something to happen.

- Give yourself forty minutes at the outside.

PHR: PHR with cl, amount PHR

outside

adjective

1.

external

exterior

extraneous

outer

outward

an outside chance

2.

unlikely

distant

faint

marginal

remote

slight

slim

small

noun

3.

surface

exterior

fa¸cade

face

front

skin

topside

outside broadcast

outside broadcast outside broadcasts
An outside broadcast is a radio or television programme that is not recorded or filmed in a studio, but in another building or in the open air. (BRIT; in AM use remote broadcast )
N-COUNT

outsider

[D.J.:aʊtˈsaɪdə]

[K.K.:aʊtˈsaɪdɚ]

n.

局外人, 圈外人, 门外汉

outsider **

1. outsider outsiders
An outsider is someone who does not belong to a particular group or organization.

- The most likely outcome may be to subcontract much of the work to an outsider.

N-COUNT

2. outsider outsiders
An outsider is someone who is not accepted by a particular group, or who feels that they do not belong in it.

- Malone, a cop, felt as much an outsider as any of them.

N-COUNT
= odd man out

3. outsider outsiders
In a competition, an outsider is a competitor who is unlikely to win.

- He was an outsider in the race to be the new UN Secretary-General.

N-COUNT
≠ favourite

outsider

noun

interloper

incomer

intruder

newcomer

odd man out

stranger

outsize

[D.J.:ˈautˌsaizç〖]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌsaɪz]

adj.

特大的

n.

特大号

outsize

1. outsize
Outsize or outsized things are much larger than usual or much larger than you would expect. (BRIT)

- ...an outsize pair of scissors...

- An outsized photograph hung above her bedroom fireplace.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also outsized .

2. outsize
Outsize clothes are clothes for very large people. (BRIT)

- Often outsize clothes are made from cheap fabric and look like ugly tents.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

outsize

adjective

extra-large

giant

gigantic

huge

jumbo informal

mammoth

monster

oversized

outskirts

[ˈautskə:ts]

n.

外围地区, 郊区, 郊外

outskirts **

outskirts
The outskirts of a city or town are the parts of it that are farthest away from its centre.

- Hours later we reached the outskirts of New York.

N-PLURAL: the N, oft N of n

outskirts

plural noun

edge

boundary

environs

periphery

suburbia

suburbs

outsmart

[D.J.:autˈsmɑ:t]

[K.K.:aʊtˈsmɑrt]

vt.

比…更聪明,智胜

outsmart

outsmart outsmarts outsmarting outsmarted
If you outsmart someone, you defeat them or gain an advantage over them in a clever and sometimes dishonest way.

- Troy was very clever for his age and had already figured out ways to outsmart her.

VB
= outwit

outsource

[D.J.:autˈsɔ:s]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌsɔrs, -ˌsors]

vt.

①外购(指从外国供应商等处获得货物或服务)②外包(工程)

outsourcing

[D.J.:ˈaʊtˌsɔ:sɪŋ, -ˌsəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌsɔrsɪŋ, -ˌsor-]

资源外取

outsourcing

[D.J.:ˈautˌsɔ:siŋ]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌsɔrsɪŋ, -ˌsor-]

n.

外部采办,外购

outsource

1. outsource outsources outsourcing outsourced
If a company outsources work or things, it pays workers from outside the company to do the work or supply the things.

- Increasingly, corporate clients are seeking to outsource the management of their facilities.

VB

2. outsourcing

- The difficulties of outsourcing have been compounded by the increasing resistance of trade unions.

N-UNCOUNT

outspoken

[D.J.:aʊtˈspəʊkən]

[K.K.:aʊtˈspokən]

adj.

直言的;坦率的

outspoken *

1. outspoken
Someone who is outspoken gives their opinions about things openly and honestly, even if they are likely to shock or offend people.

- Some church leaders have been outspoken in their support for political reform in Kenya.

- He was an outspoken critic of apartheid.

- ...his outspoken criticism of the prime minister.

ADJ-GRADED
= forthright

2. outspokenness

- His outspokenness has ensured that he has at least one senior enemy within the BBC hierarchy.

N-UNCOUNT

outspoken

adjective

forthright

abrupt

blunt

explicit

frank

open

plain-spoken

unceremonious

unequivocal

outstanding

[D.J.:ˌautˈstændiŋ]

[K.K.:aʊtˈstændɪŋ, ˈaʊtˌstæn-]

adj.

突出的; 杰出的

未偿付的, 未解决的

地位显著的; 为人瞩目的

outstanding ***

1. outstanding
If you describe someone or something as outstanding , you think that they are very remarkable and impressive.

- Derartu is an outstanding athlete and deserved to win.

- ...an area of outstanding natural beauty...

- He was outstanding at tennis and golf.

ADJ-GRADED

2. outstanding
Money that is outstanding has not yet been paid and is still owed to someone.

- The total debt outstanding is $70 billion.

- You have to pay your outstanding bill before joining the scheme.

ADJ

3. outstanding
Outstanding issues or problems have not yet been resolved.

- We still have some outstanding issues to resolve before we'll have a treaty that is ready to sign.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= remaining

4. outstanding
Outstanding means very important or obvious.

- The company is an outstanding example of a small business that grew into a big one.

- His mother, whose influence on his development was outstanding, came of a distinguished American family.

ADJ
= notable

outstanding

adjective

1.

excellent

exceptional

great

important

impressive

special

superior

superlative

2.

unpaid

due

payable

pending

remaining

uncollected

unsettled

outstandingly

[D.J.:ˈaʊtˈstændɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˈstændɪ ŋlɪ]

adv.

醒目地;显著地

outstandingly

outstandingly
You use outstandingly to emphasize how good, or occasionally how bad, something is.

- Salzburg is an outstandingly beautiful place to visit.

- All his novels were outstandingly well written.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv emphasis
= exceptionally

outstretched

[D.J.:autˈstretʃt]

adj.

伸出的;伸展的

outstretched *

outstretched
If a part of the body of a person or animal is outstretched , it is stretched out as far as possible.

- She was staring into the fire muttering, and holding her arms outstretched to warm her hands.

- ...an eagle with outstretched wings.

ADJ

outstrip

[D.J.:aʊtˈstrɪp]

[K.K.:aʊtˈstrɪp]

vt.

做得比…更好;(在赛跑等中)超过

outstrip *

outstrip outstrips outstripping outstripped
If one thing outstrips another, the first thing becomes larger in amount, or more successful or important, than the second thing.

- In the mid-eighteenth century the production of food far outstripped the rise in population.

- In 1989 and 1990 demand outstripped supply, and prices went up by more than a third.

VB
= surpass

outstrip

verb

surpass

better

eclipse

exceed

excel

outdistance

outdo

overtake

transcend

out-take

[D.J.:ˈautteik]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtˌtek]

n.

〈电影〉剪余片

out-take

out-take out-takes
An out-take is a piece of film or a song that is not in the final version of a programme, film, or record, for example because it contains a mistake.

- ...an exclusive showing of hilarious out-takes from the show.

N-COUNT also outtake .

out tray

out tray out trays
An out tray is a shallow container used in offices to put letters and documents in when they have been dealt with and are ready to be sent somewhere else.
N-COUNT also out-tray .
≠ in tray

outvote

[D.J.:autˈvəut]

[K.K.:aʊtˈvot]

vt.

以票数胜过

outvote

outvote outvotes outvoting outvoted
If you are outvoted , more people vote against what you are suggesting than vote for it, so that your suggestion is defeated.

- They walked out in protest after being outvoted by the National Salvation Front majority.

- Twice his colleagues have outvoted him.

VB
= vote down

outward

[D.J.:ˈautwəd]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtwəd]

adj.

外出的, 往外的

外表的, 表面的

outward *

1. outward
An outward journey is a journey that you make away from a place that you are intending to return to later.

- Tickets must be bought seven days in advance, with outward and return journey dates specified.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ return

2. outward
The outward feelings, qualities, or attitudes of someone or something are the ones they appear to have rather than the ones that they actually have.

- In spite of my outward calm I was very shaken.

- What the military rulers have done is to restore the outward appearance of order.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. outward
The outward features of something are the ones that you can see from the outside.

- Mark was lying unconscious but with no outward sign of injury.

ADJ: ADJ n

outward

adjective

apparent

noticeable

observable

obvious

ostensible

perceptible

surface

visible

outwardly

[D.J.:ˈaʊtwədli:]

[K.K.:ˈaʊtwədli]

adv.

外表上;表面上

outwardly *

outwardly
You use outwardly to indicate the feelings or qualities that a person or situation may appear to have, rather than the ones that they actually have.

- They may feel tired and though outwardly calm, can be irritable.

- Outwardly this looked like the beginning of a terrific programme but the stage was actually set for a major disaster.

ADV: ADV adj/adv, ADV with cl
= on the surface

outwardly

adverb

ostensibly

apparently

externally

on the face of it

on the surface

seemingly

superficially

to all intents and purposes

outwards

[ˈautwədzçəˈautwəd]

adv.

向外

离家, 离出发地

outwards *

1. outwards
If something moves or faces outwards , it moves or faces away from the place you are in or the place you are talking about.

- The top door opened outwards.

- The idea is to spread social democracy and economics outwards from Europe.

ADV: ADV after v (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) outward
≠ inwards

2. outwards
If you say that a person or a group of people, such as a government, looks outwards , you mean that they turn their attention to another group that they are interested in or would like greater involvement with.

- Other poor countries looked outward, strengthening their ties to the economic superpowers.

- His belief is that the future of the Community lies in looking outwards.

ADV: ADV after v (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) outward

outweigh

[D.J.:aʊtˈweɪ]

[K.K.:aʊtˈwe]

vt.

在重量上超过

在重要性或价值方面超过

outweigh *

outweigh outweighs outweighing outweighed
If one thing outweighs another, the first thing is of greater importance, benefit, or significance than the second thing. (FORMAL)

- The medical benefits of x-rays far outweigh the risk of having them.

- The advantages of this deal largely outweigh the disadvantages.

VB

outweigh

verb

override

cancel (out)

compensate for

eclipse

prevail over

take precedence over

tip the scales

outwit

[D.J.:aʊtˈwɪt]

[K.K.:aʊtˈwɪt]

vt.

以智取胜, 以计击败

outwit

outwit outwits outwitting outwitted
If you outwit someone, you use your intelligence or a clever trick to defeat them or to gain an advantage over them.

- To win the presidency he had first to outwit his rivals within the Socialist Party.

- Seeing how cleverly he had been outwitted he made no complaint.

VB
= outsmart

outwit

verb

outthink

cheat

dupe

get the better of

outfox

outmanoeuvre

outsmart informal

put one over on informal

swindle

take in informal

outwith

[ˈautwið,ˈautwiiθ]

prep.

〈苏格兰〉在…外

outwith

outwith
In Scottish English, outwith means outside.

- It is, however, necessary on occasion to work outwith these hours.

PREP

outworn

[D.J.:autˈwɔ:n]

[K.K.:aʊtˈwɔrn, -ˈworn]

adj.

用旧的,废弃的

outworn

outworn
If you describe a belief or custom as outworn , you mean that it is old-fashioned and no longer has any meaning or usefulness.

- ...an ancient nation irretrievably sunk in an outworn culture.

ADJ

outworn

adjective

outdated

antiquated

discredited

disused

hackneyed

obsolete

outmoded

out-of-date

worn-out

ouzo

[D.J.:ˈu:zəu]

[K.K.:ˈuzo]

n.

茴香烈酒(希腊产的饭后酒的一种)

ouzo

1. ouzo
Ouzo is a strong aniseed-flavoured alcoholic drink that is made in Greece.
N-UNCOUNT

2. ouzo ouzos
A glass of ouzo can be referred to as an ouzo .
N-COUNT

ova

[D.J.:ˈəʊvə]

[K.K.:ˈovə]

(ovum的复数)

ovum

[D.J.:ˈəʊvəm]

[K.K.:ˈovəm]

n.

<生>卵子,卵细胞

ova

Ova is the plural of ovum .

ovum

ovum ova
An ovum is one of the eggs of a woman or female animal. (TECHNICAL)

- Once the ovum is released it has a lifespan of 12 to 36 hours.

N-COUNT
= egg

oval

[D.J.:ˈəuvəl]

[K.K.:ˈovəl]

n.

椭圆形

adj.

椭圆形的

oval **

1. oval
Oval things have a shape that is like a circle but is wider in one direction than the other.

- He was a man in his late thirties, with fine, dark hair and a pale oval face.

- ...the small oval framed picture of a little boy.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. oval ovals
Also a noun.

- Using 2 spoons, mould the cheese into small balls or ovals.

N-COUNT: usu sing

oval

adjective

elliptical

egg-shaped

ovoid

ovarian

[D.J.:əʊˈveəri:ən]

[K.K.:oˈvɛriən]

adj.

卵巢的;子房的

ovarian *

ovarian
Ovarian means in or relating to the ovaries.

- ...a new treatment for ovarian cancer.

ADJ: ADJ n

ovary

[D.J.:ˈəʊvəri:]

[K.K.:ˈovəri]

n.

(妇女或雌性动物的)卵巢

(植物的)子房

ovary *

ovary ovaries
A woman's ovaries are the two organs in her body that produce eggs.
N-COUNT

ovation

[D.J.:əʊˈveɪʃən]

[K.K.:oˈveʃən]

n.

热烈欢迎

ovation *

ovation ovations
An ovation is a large amount of applause from an audience for a particular performer or speaker. (FORMAL)

- They became civic heroes and received a tumultuous ovation on their appearance in New York City.

N-COUNT
See also standing ovation .

ovation

noun

applause

acclaim

acclamation

big hand

cheers

clapping

plaudits

tribute

oven

[D.J.:ˈʌvən]

[K.K.:ˈʌvən]

n.

烤箱, 炉

oven **

oven ovens
An oven is a device for cooking that is like a box with a door. You heat it and cook food inside it.

- Put the onions and ginger in the oven and let them roast for thirty minutes.

N-COUNT

ovenproof

[D.J.:ˈʌvənˌpru:f]

[K.K.:ˈʌvənˌpruf]

adj.

耐热的

ovenproof

ovenproof
An ovenproof dish is one that has been specially made to be used in an oven without being damaged by the heat.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

over

[D.J.:ˈəuvə]

[K.K.:ˈovɚ]

prep.

(表示位置)在…的正上方; 在…的上面; 在…的上空

(表示位置)遍布在…上面, 扩展到…全部

(表示方向)越过, 从一边至…的另一边

(表示方向)从…的边缘向下

(表示等级或数目)高于; 在…之上, 超过

(表示时间或过程)在…期间; 在从事…的时候

(表示论及)关于, 在…方面

adv.

(倒)下, (掉)下, 翻过来

从一边至另一边, 从一方至另一方

全部地, 从头至尾

再一次, 重复地

过分地; 太

结束, 了结

overs

[ˈəuvəs]

n.

套鞋

over 1 position and movement *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, over is used after some verbs, nouns, and adjectives in order to introduce extra information. Over is also used in phrasal verbs such as `hand over' and `glaze over'.)

1. over
If one thing is over another thing or is moving over it, the first thing is directly above the second, either resting on it, or with a space between them.

- He looked at himself in the mirror over the table.

- ...a bridge over the river Danube.

- ...helicopters flying low over the crowd.

PREP

2. over
Also an adverb.

- ...planes flying over every 10 or 15 minutes.

ADV: ADV after v

3. over
If one thing is over another thing, it is supported by it and its ends are hanging down on each side of it.

- A grey mackintosh was folded over her arm.

- Joe's clothing was flung over the back of a chair.

PREP: usu -ed PREP n

4. over
If one thing is over another thing, it covers part or all of it.

- His hair fell over his brow instead of being brushed straight back.

- Mix the ingredients and pour over the mushrooms.

- He was wearing a light-grey suit over a shirt.

- He pulled the cap halfway over his ears.

PREP

5. over
Also an adverb.

- Heat this syrup and pour it over.

ADV: ADV after v

6. over
If you lean over an object, you bend your body so that the top part of it is above the object.

- They stopped to lean over a gate.

- Everyone in the room was bent over her desk.

PREP: v PREP n

7. over
Also an adverb.

- Sam leant over to open the door of the car.

ADV: ADV after v

8. over
If you look over or talk over an object, you look or talk across the top of it.

- I went and stood beside him, looking over his shoulder.

- ...conversing over the fence with your friend...

- I heard various scraps of conversation over the dinner table.

PREP: usu v PREP n

9. over
If a window has a view over an area of land or water, you can see the land or water through the window.

- ...a light and airy bar with a wonderful view over the River Amstel...

- His rooms looked out over a narrow lane behind the college.

PREP: n PREP n, v PREP n
= onto

10. over
If someone or something goes over a barrier, obstacle, or boundary, they get to the other side of it by going across it, or across the top of it.

- Policemen jumped over the wall of the Spanish Embassy in pursuit.

- I stepped over a broken piece of wood.

- Nearly one million people crossed over the river into Moldavia.

- He'd just come over the border.

PREP: v PREP n

11. over
Also an adverb.

- I climbed over into the back seat.

ADV: ADV after v

12. over
If someone or something moves over an area or surface, they move across it, from one side to the other.

- She ran swiftly over the lawn to the gate.

- Joe passed his hand over his face and looked puzzled.

PREP
= across

13. over
If something is on the opposite side of a road or river, you can say that it is over the road or river.

- ...Richard Garrick, who lived in the house over the road.

- ...a fashionable neighbourhood, just over the river from Manhattan.

PREP
= across

14. over
If you go over to a place, you go to that place.

- I got out the car and drove over to Dervaig.

- I thought you might have invited her over.

ADV: ADV after v, oft ADV to n

15. over
You can use over to indicate a particular position or place a short distance away from someone or something.

- He noticed Rolfe standing silently over by the window.

- John reached over and took Joanna's hand.

- He tossed over a cigarette.

ADV: ADV after v, oft ADV prep

16. over
You use over to say that someone or something falls towards or onto the ground, often suddenly or violently.

- If he drinks more than two glasses of wine he falls over.

- He was knocked over by a bus and broke his leg.

- The truck had gone off the road and toppled over.

ADV: ADV after v

17. over
If something rolls over or is turned over , its position changes so that the part that was facing upwards is now facing downwards.

- His car rolled over after a tyre was punctured.

- The alarm did go off but all I did was yawn, turn over and go back to sleep.

ADV: ADV after v

18. over
All over a place means in every part of it.

- ...doctors who work all over the country.

- ...the letters she received from people all over the world.

PHR-PREP

19. over
Over here means near you, or in the country you are in.

- Why don't you come over here tomorrow evening.

- My father was in the U.S. army over here.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR

20. over
Over there means in a place a short distance away from you, or in another country.

- The cafe is just across the road over there.

- She'd married some American and settled down over there.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR

over 2 amounts and occurrences *****

1. over
If something is over a particular amount, measurement, or age, it is more than that amount, measurement, or age.

- Cigarettes kill over a hundred thousand Britons every year.

- I met George well over a year ago.

- ...equipment costs of over £100m.

PREP: PREP amount
= more than

2. over
Also an adverb.

- ...people aged 65 and over.

ADV: amount and ADV

3. over
Over and above an amount, especially a normal amount, means more than that amount or in addition to it.

- Expenditure on education has gone up by seven point eight per cent over and above inflation.

- Consider supplements over and above this healthy diet.

PHR-PREP
= in addition to

4. over
If you say that you have some food or money over , you mean that it remains after you have used all that you need.

- Larsons pay me well enough, but there's not much over for luxuries when there's two of you to live on it.

- Primrose was given an apple, left over from our picnic lunch.

ADV: be ADV, n ADV, ADV after v

5. over
If you do something over , you do it again or start doing it again from the beginning. (AM)

- She said if she had the chance to do it over, she would have hired a press secretary.

- Dave, the pianist, played it over a couple of times.

ADV: ADV after v
= again

6. over
If you say that something happened twice over , three times over and so on, you are stating the number of times that it happened and emphasizing that it happened more than once.

- He had to have everything spelled out twice over for him.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

7. over
If you do something over again , you do it again or start doing it again from the beginning.

- When you realise they are singing the same songs over again, the novelty wears off.

- If I was living my life over again I wouldn't have attended so many committee meetings.

PHR: PHR after v

8. over
If you say that something is happening all over again , you are emphasizing that it is happening again, and you are suggesting that it is tiring, boring, or unpleasant.

- He doesn't want the hassle all over again.

- The whole process started all over again.

- He had to prove himself all over again.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

9. over
If you say that something happened over and over or over and over again , you are emphasizing that it happened many times.

- He plays the same songs over and over.

- `I don't understand it,' he said, over and over again.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis
= again and again repeatedly

over 3 other uses *****

1. over
If an activity is over or all over , it is completely finished.

- Warplanes that have landed there will be kept until the war is over.

- The bad times were over.

- I am glad it's all over.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
= finished

2. over
If you are over an illness or an experience, it has finished and you have recovered from its effects.

- I'm glad that you're over the flu.

- She was still getting over the shock of what she had been told.

PREP

3. over
If you have control or influence over someone or something, you are able to control them or influence them.

- He's never had any influence over her.

- For two decades she has sought complete control over her film career.

- The oil companies have lost their power over oil price and oil production.

PREP: n PREP n

4. over
You use over to indicate what a disagreement or feeling relates to or is caused by.

- The women were making a fuss over nothing.

- ...concern over recent events in Burma...

- Staff at some air and sea ports are beginning to protest over pay.

- They had already begun fighting over her.

PREP: n PREP n, v PREP n
= about

5. over
If something happens over a particular period of time or over something such as a meal, it happens during that time or during the meal.

- The number of attacks on the capital had gone down over the past week.

- Many strikes over the last few years have not ended successfully.

- Over breakfast we discussed plans for the day.

- ...discussing the problem over a glass of wine.

PREP

6. over
You use over to indicate that you give or receive information using a telephone, radio, or other piece of electrical equipment.

- I'm not prepared to discuss this over the telephone.

- The head of state addressed the nation over the radio.

- Announcements were made over the loudspeaker system.

PREP
= on

7. over
The presenter of a radio or television programme says ` over to someone' to indicate the person who will speak next.

- With the rest of the sports news, over to Colin Maitland.

PHR-PREP

8. over
When people such as the police or the army are using a radio to communicate, they say ` Over ' to indicate that they have finished speaking and are waiting for a reply.
CONVENTION formulae

9. over overs
In cricket, an over consists of six correctly bowled balls.

- At the start of the last over, bowled by Chris Lewis, the Welsh county were favourites.

N-COUNT

over

preposition

1.

on

above

on top of

upon

2.

exceeding

above

in excess of

more than

adverb

3.

above

aloft

on high

overhead

4.

extra

beyond

in addition

in excess

left over

adjective

5.

finished

bygone

closed

completed

concluded

done (with)

ended

gone

past

over-

[D.J.:ˈəuvə]

[K.K.:ˈovɚ]

pref.

表示“在…上面,优越”之义

over-

over-
You can add over- to an adjective or verb to indicate that a quality exists or an action is done to too great an extent. For example, if you say that someone is being over-cautious, you mean that they are being too cautious.

- Tony looked tired and over-anxious.

- When depressed, they dramatically overindulge in chocolate and sweets.

PREFIX

overachieve

[D.J.:ˌəuvərəˈtʃi:v]

[K.K.:ˌovərəˈtʃiv]

vi.

①(学生)成绩超出智力测验预示水平②完成得比预期要好；超过预期目的

vt.

超过(预期目的等)

overachiever

[ˈəuvərəˈtʃi:və]

n.

成绩超过预料的学生

overachieve

1. overachieve overachieves overachieving overachieved
If someone overachieves in something such as school work or a job, they work very hard and are successful because it is very important to them to do well.

- ...emotions such as guilt, compulsion to please or overachieve, or depression.

VB

2. overachiever overachievers

- He comes from a family of overachievers.

N-COUNT

overact

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈækt]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈækt]

vt. & vi.

过火地表演(角色)

overact

overact overacts overacting overacted
If you say that someone overacts , you mean they exaggerate their emotions and movements, usually when acting in a play.

- Sometimes he had overacted in his role as Prince.

VB

overact

verb

exaggerate

ham or ham up informal

overdo

overplay

over-age

1. over-age
If you are over-age , you are officially too old to do something.

- He was a couple of months over-age for the youth team.

ADJ

2. over-age
You use over-age to describe someone who is doing something that is usually done by much younger people, and which therefore seems inappropriate or silly.

- ...an over-age nightclub singer.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

overall

[D.J.:ˈəuvərɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌrɔl]

adj.

总体的; 全面的; 综合的

全面考虑的

adv.

大体上, 总的来说

一切包括在内, 全部的

n.

长罩衣

工装裤; 工作裤

overall ****

1. overall
You use overall to indicate that you are talking about a situation in general or about the whole of something.

- ...the overall rise in unemployment...

- Cut down your overall amount of physical activity.

- It is usually the woman who assumes overall care of the baby.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. overall
Also an adverb.

- Overall, I like Connie. I think she's great.

- Overall I was disappointed.

- The college has few ways to assess the quality of education overall.

ADV: ADV with cl

3. overall overalls
Overalls consist of a single piece of clothing that combines trousers and a jacket. You wear overalls over your clothes in order to protect them while you are working.

- ...workers in blue overalls.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

4. overall overalls
Overalls are trousers that are attached to a piece of cloth which covers your chest and which has straps going over your shoulders. (AM; in BRIT use dungarees )

- An elderly man dressed in faded overalls took the witness stand.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

5. overall overalls
An overall is a piece of clothing shaped like a coat that you wear over your clothes in order to protect them while you are working. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

overall

adjective

1.

total

all-embracing

blanket

complete

comprehensive

general

global

inclusive

adverb

2.

in general

on the whole

overall majority *

overall majority overall majorities
If a political party wins an overall majority in an election or vote, they get more votes than the total number of votes or seats won by all their opponents.
N-COUNT: usu sing

overarch

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈɑ:tʃ]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈɑrtʃ]

vt.

在…上方成拱形

overarching

adj.

overarching

overarching
You use overarching to indicate that you are talking about something that includes or affects everything or everyone. (FORMAL)

- The overarching question seems to be what happens when the US pulls out?.

- Home ownership has been an overarching and innate desire of the British.

ADJ: ADJ n

overarm

[D.J.:ˈəuvərɑ:m]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌɑrm]

adj.

举手过肩而投球的

overarm

overarm
You use overarm to describe actions, such as throwing a ball, in which you stretch your arm over your shoulder.

- ...a single overarm stroke.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ underarm

overawe

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈɔ:]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈɔ]

vt.

吓倒,吓住

overawe

1. overawe overawes overawing overawed
If you are overawed by something or someone, you are very impressed by them and a little afraid of them.

- Don't be overawed by people in authority, however important they are.

- He's never been overawed or intimidated by big occasions.

VB: usu passive
= intimidate

2. overawed

- Benjamin said that he had been rather overawed to meet one of the Billington family.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= intimidated

overawe

verb

intimidate

abash

alarm

daunt

frighten

scare

terrify

overbalance

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈbæləns]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈbæləns]

vt. & vi.

(使)失去平衡而歪倒

overbalance

overbalance overbalances overbalancing overbalanced
If you overbalance , you fall over or nearly fall over, because you are not standing properly.

- He overbalanced and fell head first, his towel flying and his modesty shattered.

VB

overbalance

verb

overturn

capsize

keel over

slip

tip over

topple over

tumble

turn turtle

overbearing

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈbeərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈbɛrɪŋ]

adj.

专横的,傲慢的

难忍的

overbearing

overbearing
An overbearing person tries to make other people do what he or she wants in an unpleasant and forceful way.

- My husband can be quite overbearing with our son.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= domineering

overbearing

adjective

arrogant

bossy informal

dictatorial

domineering

haughty

high-handed

imperious

supercilious

superior

overblown

[D.J.:əuvəˈbləun]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈblon]

adj.

停息的,盛开过的

overblown

overblown
Something that is overblown makes something seem larger, more important, or more significant than it really is.

- Warnings of disaster may be overblown.

- The reporting of the hostage story was fair, if sometimes overblown.

- ...overblown dreams.

ADJ-GRADED

overblown

adjective

excessive

disproportionate

immoderate

inflated

overdone

over the top

undue

overboard

[D.J.:ˈəʊvəˌbɔ:d, -ˌbəʊrd]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

adv.

越过船边坠入水中, 在船外

go overboard (about/for sb/sth)

充满热情；全身心投入；非常热中

throw sth overboard

拒绝； 丟弃

overboard *

1. overboard
If you fall overboard , you fall over the side of a boat into the water.

- His sailing instructor fell overboard and drowned during a lesson.

- He had jumped overboard in New York harbor and swum to shore.

ADV: ADV after v

2. overboard
If you say that someone goes overboard , you mean that they do something to a greater extent than is necessary or reasonable. (INFORMAL)

- Women sometimes damage their skin by going overboard with abrasive cleansers.

- What do you think causes the police to go overboard, to use excessive violence?

PHR: V inflects
= go over the top

3. overboard
If you throw something overboard , for example an idea or suggestion, you reject it completely.

- They had thrown their neutrality overboard in the crisis.

PHR: V inflects

overbook

[D.J.:əuvəˈbuk]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈbʊk]

vt.

超额订出,预订过多

overbook

overbook overbooks overbooking overbooked
If an organization such as an airline or a theatre company overbooks , they sell more tickets than they have places for.

- Planes are crowded, airlines overbook, and departures are almost never on time.

VB

overbooked

overbooked
If something such as a hotel, bus, or aircraft is overbooked , more people have booked than the number of places that are available.

- Sorry, the plane is overbooked.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

overburdened

1. overburdened
If a system or organization is overburdened , it has too many people or things to deal with and so does not function properly.

- The city's hospitals are overburdened by casualties.

- ...an overburdened air traffic control system.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with/by n

2. overburdened
If you are overburdened with something such as work or problems, you have more of it than you can cope with.

- The Chief Inspector disliked being overburdened with insignificant detail.

- ...overburdened teachers.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with/by n

overcame

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈkeim]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈkem]

overcome的过去式

overcome

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈkʌm]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈkʌm]

vt. & vi.

战胜; 克服

vt.

被(烟、感情等)熏[压]倒, 使受不了

overcame

overcame
Overcame is the past tense of overcome .

overcome ***

1. overcome overcomes overcoming overcame
If you overcome a problem or a feeling, you successfully deal with it and control it.

- Molly had fought and overcome her fear of flying.

- Find a way to overcome your difficulties.

VB The form overcome is used in the present tense and is also the past participle

2. overcome overcomes overcoming overcame
If you are overcome by a feeling or event, it is so strong or has such a strong effect that you cannot think clearly.

- The night before the test I was overcome by fear and despair.

- A dizziness overcame him, blurring his vision.

VB The form overcome is used in the present tense and is also the past participle
= overwhelm

3. overcome overcomes overcoming overcame
If you are overcome by smoke or a poisonous gas, you become very ill or die from breathing it in.

- The residents were trying to escape from the fire but were overcome by smoke.

VB: usu passive The form overcome is used in the present tense and is also the past participle

overcome

verb

1.

conquer

beat

defeat

master

overpower

overwhelm

prevail

subdue

subjugate

surmount

triumph over

vanquish

adjective

2.

affected

at a loss for words

bowled over informal

overwhelmed

speechless

swept off one's feet

overcast

[D.J.:ˈəʊvəˌkæst, ˌəʊvəˈkæst]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌkæst, ˌovɚˈkæst]

adj.

天阴的, 多云的

overcast

overcast
If it is overcast , or if the sky or the day is overcast , the sky is completely covered with cloud and there is not much light.

- For three days it was overcast.

- The weather forecast is for showers and overcast skies.

- It was a cold, windy, overcast afternoon in Washington.

ADJ

overcast

adjective

cloudy

dismal

dreary

dull

grey

leaden

louring or lowering

murky

overcharge

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈtʃɑ:dʒ]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈtʃɑrdʒ]

vt.

对…要价过高

n.

过高的要价

overcharging

过充风

overcharge *

1. overcharge overcharges overcharging overcharged
If someone overcharges you, they charge you too much for their goods or services.

- If you feel a taxi driver has overcharged you, say so.

- She claims she was overcharged by £7,000.

VB

2. overcharging

- ...protests of overcharging and harsh treatment of small businesses.

N-UNCOUNT

overcharge

verb

cheat

diddle informal

fleece

rip off slang

short-change

sting informal

surcharge

overcoat

[D.J.:ˈəuvəkəut]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌkot]

n.

大衣

overcoat *

overcoat overcoats
An overcoat is a thick warm coat that you wear in winter.
N-COUNT

overcrowded

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd]

[K.K.: ˌovɚˈkraʊdɪd]

(overcrowd的过去式或过去分词)

adj.

过于拥挤的

overcrowded *

overcrowded
An overcrowded place has too many things or people in it.

- ...one of the most overcrowded prisons in the country.

- ...a windswept, overcrowded, unattractive beach...

- Morocco's capital, until independence, was badly overcrowded.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

overcrowded

adjective

congested

bursting at the seams

choked

jam-packed

overloaded

overpopulated

packed (out)

swarming

overcrowding

过度拥挤,挤满

overcrowding *

overcrowding
If there is a problem of overcrowding , there are more people living in a place than it was designed for.

- Students were protesting at overcrowding in the university hostels.

- ...overcrowding and lack of facilities for patients.

N-UNCOUNT

overdid

overdo的过去式

overdo

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈdu:]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈdu]

vt.

做得过分;太夸张

把…煮得太久

overdo it/things

(工作等)过度

overdone

[D.J.:ˈəuvəˈdʌn]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈdʌn]

overdo的过去分词

overdo *

1. overdo overdoes overdoing overdid overdone
If someone overdoes something, they behave in an exaggerated or extreme way.

- ...a recognition by the US central bank that it may have overdone its tightening when it pushed rates up to 6 per cent...

- He wants to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is overdoing it a bit.

VB

2. overdo overdoes overdoing overdid overdone
If you overdo an activity, you try to do more than you can physically manage.

- It is important never to overdo new exercises.

- The taxi drivers' association is urging its members, who can work as many hours as they want, not to overdo it.

VB

overdone

1. overdone
If food is overdone , it has been spoiled by being cooked for too long.

- The meat was overdone and the vegetables disappointing.

ADJ-GRADED
= overcooked ≠ underdone

2. overdone
If you say that something is overdone , you mean that you think it is excessive or exaggerated.

- In fact, the panic is overdone. As the map shows, the drought has been confined to the south and east of Britain.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

overdo

verb

1.

exaggerate

belabour

gild the lily

go overboard informal

overindulge

overreach

overstate

overdo it

2.

overwork

bite off more than one can chew

burn the candle at both ends informal

overload

strain or overstrain oneself

wear oneself out

overdone

adjective

1.

excessive

exaggerated

fulsome

immoderate

inordinate

overelaborate

too much

undue

unnecessary

2.

overcooked

burnt

charred

dried up

spoiled

overdose

[D.J.:ˈəʊvəˈdəʊs ]

[K.K.: ˈovɚˈdos]

vt.

使…用药过量

[D.J.:ˈəʊvəˌdəʊs]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌdos]

n.

过量用药

overdose *

1. overdose overdoses
If someone takes an overdose of a drug, they take more of it than is safe.

- Each year, one in 100 girls aged 15-19 takes an overdose.

- In 1970, guitarist Jimi Hendrix died of a drug overdose.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. overdose overdoses overdosing overdosed
If someone overdoses on a drug, they take more of it than is safe.

- He'd overdosed on heroin.

- Medical opinion varies on how many tablets it takes to overdose.

VB

3. overdose overdoses
You can refer to too much of something, especially something harmful, as an overdose .

- An overdose of sun, sea, sand and chlorine can give lighter hair a green tinge.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

4. overdose overdoses overdosing overdosed
You can say that someone overdoses on something if they have or do too much of it.

- The city, he concluded, had overdosed on design.

- ...tourists that tend to overdose on the regional specialities of goose, duck and Armagnac.

VB

overdraft

[D.J.:ˈəʊvəˌdræft]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌdræft]

n.

透支, 透支额

overdraft *

overdraft overdrafts
If you have an overdraft , you have spent more money than you have in your bank account, and so you are in debt to the bank.

- When I left Cambridge I had a £600 overdraft.

- Her bank warned that unless she repaid the overdraft she could face legal action.

N-COUNT

overdrawn

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈdrɔ:n]

(overdraw的过去分词)

overdrawn

overdrawn
If you are overdrawn or if your bank account is overdrawn , you have spent more money than you have in your account, and so you are in debt to the bank.

- Nick's bank sent him a letter saying he was £100 overdrawn.

- Talk to the bank before you go overdrawn.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

overdressed

overdressed
If you say that someone is overdressed , you are criticizing them for wearing clothes that are not appropriate for the occasion because they are too formal or too smart.
ADJ-GRADED

overdrive

[D.J.:ˈəuvəˈdraiv]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌdraɪv]

vt.

驱使过度,虐待;超速传动

overdrive

1. overdrive overdrives
The overdrive in a vehicle is a very high gear that is used when you are driving at high speeds.

- The overdrive switch was on the steering column.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N n

2. overdrive
If you go into overdrive , you begin to work very hard or perform a particular activity in a very intense way.

- I have a peculiar response to crises. I either become immobile or go into overdrive.

PHR: PHR after v

overdue

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈdju:]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈdu, -ˈdju]

adj.

迟到的; 延误的

过期的, 到期未付的

overdue *

1. overdue
If you say that a change or an event is overdue , you mean that you think it should have happened before now.

- This debate is long overdue.

- I'll go home and pay an overdue visit to my mother.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

2. overdue
Overdue sums of money have not been paid, even though it is later than the date on which they should have been paid.

- Teachers have joined a strike aimed at forcing the government to pay overdue salaries and allowances.

ADJ-GRADED

3. overdue
An overdue library book has not been returned to the library, even though the date on which it should have been returned has passed.
ADJ-GRADED

overdue

adjective

late

behindhand

behind schedule

belated

owing

tardy

unpunctual

overate

[D.J.:ˈəuvəˈet]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈet]

overeat的过去式

overeat

[D.J.:ˌəuvərˈi:t]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈit]

vt. & vi.

(使)吃得过多

overeaten

overeat的过去分词

overeating

过度饱食;饱食

overeat *

1. overeat overeats overeating overate overeaten
If you say that someone overeats , you mean they eat more than they need to or more than is healthy.

- If you tend to overeat because of depression, first take steps to recognize the source of your sadness.

- ...people who overeat spicy foods.

VB

2. overeater overeaters

- She eats in secret like most compulsive overeaters.

N-COUNT

3. overeating

- If you have a serious problem with overeating you should get together with others who share this problem.

N-UNCOUNT

overeat

verb

overindulge

binge informal

gorge

gormandize

guzzle

pig out slang

stuff oneself

overemphasis

[ˌəuvərˈemfəsis]

n.

过分的强调

overemphasis

overemphasis
If you say that there is an overemphasis on a particular thing, you mean that more importance or attention is given to it than is necessary.

- He attributed the party's lack of success to an overemphasis on ideology and ideas.

N-SING: also no det, usu N on n

overemphasize

[D.J.:ˈəuvəˈemfəsaiz]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈɛmfəˌsaɪz]

v.

过分强调

overemphasized

adj.

过分强调的

v.

过分强调

overemphasize

1. overemphasize overemphasizes overemphasizing overemphasized
If you say that someone overemphasizes something, you mean that they give it more importance than it deserves or than you consider appropriate.

- In the public discussion of nuclear policies, technology has usually been overemphasized and morality neglected.

- Democrats will complain he overemphasizes punishment at the expense of prevention and treatment.

VB (BRIT) also overemphasise

2. overemphasize overemphasizes overemphasizing overemphasized
If you say that something cannot be overemphasized , you are emphasizing that you think it is very important.

- The importance of education cannot be overemphasised.

- I can't overemphasize the cleanliness of this place.

VB: with brd-neg (BRIT) also overemphasise emphasis

overemphasize

verb

overstress

belabour

blow up out of all proportion

make a mountain out of a molehill informal

overdramatize

overestimate

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈestəˌmeɪt]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈɛstəˌmet]

vt.

对(数量)估计过高;对…作过高的评价

overestimate *

1. overestimate overestimates overestimating overestimated
If you say that someone overestimates something, you mean that they think it is greater in amount or importance than it really is.

- With hindsight, he was overestimating their desire for peace.

VB
≠ underestimate

2. overestimate overestimates
Also a noun.

- Average earnings in the South East were about £59,000, although that may be an overestimate.

N-COUNT

3. overestimation

- This led to an overestimation of what conceptual thinking could contribute to practical life.

- ...excessive overestimation of one's own importance.

N-SING: also no det, usu N of n
≠ underestimation

4. overestimate overestimates overestimating overestimated
If you say that something cannot be overestimated , you are emphasizing that you think it is very important.

- The importance of participating in the life of the country cannot be overestimated.

- It is hard to overestimate the potential gains from this process.

VB: with brd-neg emphasis

5. overestimate overestimates overestimating overestimated
If you overestimate someone, you think that they have more of a skill or quality than they really have.

- I think you overestimate me, Fred.

VB
≠ underestimate

over-excited

over-excited
If you say that someone is over-excited , you mean that they are more excited than you think is desirable.

- You'll need to provide continuous, organised entertainment or children may get over-excited.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ also overexcited .

overexposed

overexposed
An overexposed photograph is of poor quality because the film has been exposed to too much light, either when the photograph was taken or during the developing process.
ADJ-GRADED
≠ underexposed

overextended

[ˌəuvəiksˈtendid]

adj.

冒过多风险的，放账过多的

overextended

overextended
If a person or organization is overextended , they have become involved in more activities than they can financially or physically manage.

- The British East India Tea Company was overextended and faced bankruptcy.

- The overworked, overextended parent may be seen as unloving, but may simply be exhausted.

ADJ-GRADED
= overstretched

overflight

[D.J.:ˈəuvəflait]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌflaɪt]

n.

飞越领空

overflight

overflight overflights
An overflight is the passage of an aircraft from one country over another country's territory.

- Nations react strongly to unauthorized overflights.

N-VAR

overflow

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈfləu]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈflo]

vt. & vi.

溢出; 淹没

充满

n.

溢出

溢出物

容纳不下的人[物]

overflowing

[ˌəuvəˈfləuiŋ]

n.

溢出,过剩;溢出物

adj.

溢出的,过剩的;充满的

overflow *

1. overflow overflows overflowing overflowed
If a liquid or a river overflows , it flows over the edges of the container or place it is in.

- Pour in some of the syrup, but not all of it, as it will probably overflow.

- Rivers and streams have overflowed their banks in countless places.

VB: no passive

2. overflow overflows overflowing overflowed
If a place or container is overflowing with people or things, it is too full of them.

- The great hall was overflowing with people.

- Jails and temporary detention camps are overflowing.

- He emptied a few overflowing ashtrays.

VB: usu cont

3. overflow overflows overflowing overflowed
If someone is overflowing with a feeling or if the feeling overflows , the person is experiencing it very strongly and shows this in their behaviour.

- Kenneth overflowed with friendliness and hospitality.

- Ridley's anger finally overflowed.

VB

4. overflow overflows
The overflow is the extra people or things that something cannot contain or deal with because it is not large enough.

- Tents have been set up next to hospitals to handle the overflow.

- The loch's overflow cascades into the waterfalls of a Japanese water garden.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

5. overflow overflows
An overflow is a hole or pipe through which liquid can flow out of a container when it gets too full.

- ...the overflow pipe.

N-COUNT

6. overflow
If a place or container is filled to overflowing , it is so full of people or things that no more can fit in.

- The kitchen garden was full to overflowing with fresh vegetables.

- He was one of the few teachers who always filled the lecture room to overflowing.

PHR: adj PHR, PHR after v

overflow

verb

1.

spill

brim over

bubble over

pour over

run over

well over

noun

2.

surplus

overabundance

spilling over

overflew

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈflu:]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈflu]

overfly的过去式

overfly

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈflai]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈflaɪ]

v.

飞跃

overfly

overfly overflies overflying overflew overflown
When an aircraft overflies an area, it flies over it. (FORMAL)

- Permission has not yet been granted for the airline to overfly Tanzania.

VB
= fly over

overground

[ˈəuvəɡraund]

adj.

地上的

overground

1. overground
In an overground transport system, vehicles run on the surface of the ground, rather than below it. (BRIT)

- Bus routes and railways, both overground and underground, converged on the station.

- ...the overground section of the Metropolitan line.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ underground

2. overground
Also an adverb.

- There are plans to run the line overground close to the village of Boxley.

ADV: ADV after v

overgrown

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈgrəun]

adj.

长得很快

杂草丛生

overgrown *

1. overgrown
If a garden or other place is overgrown , it is covered with a lot of untidy plants because it has not been looked after.

- We hurried on until we reached a courtyard overgrown with weeds.

- As the equipment was unpacked, I led Lee around the overgrown garden.

ADJ-GRADED

2. overgrown
If you describe an adult as an overgrown child, you mean that their behaviour and attitudes are like those of a child, and that you dislike this.

- ...a bunch of overgrown kids...

- Daphne Farlow, at forty-five, still looked and spoke like an overgrown schoolgirl.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

overhang

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈhæŋ]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈhæŋ]

vt. & vi.

伸出;悬挂于…之上

overhanging

出挑

overhung

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈhʌŋ]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈhʌŋ]

adj.

从上悬垂的

overhang的过去式及过去分词

overhang *

1. overhang overhangs overhanging overhung
If one thing overhangs another, it sticks out over and above it.

- Part of the rock wall overhung the path at one point.

- These restored houses overhang a system of quiet canals.

- ...the low, overhanging branches of a giant pine tree.

VB

2. overhang overhangs
An overhang is the part of something that sticks out over and above something else.

- A sharp overhang of rock gave them cover.

- There is a wide veranda under the overhang of the roof.

N-COUNT

3. overhang overhangs overhanging overhung
If one thing overhangs another, it is supported by it and hangs down its sides.

- Let the pastry overhang the rim and brush between the layers with the melted butter.

VB

overhung

overhung
Overhung is the past tense and past participle of overhang .

overhang

verb

project

extend

jut

loom

protrude

stick out

overhaul

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈhɔ:l, ˈəʊvəˌhɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈhɔl, ˈovɚˌhɔl]

vt.

彻底检查;大修

赶上,追上;超越

n.

检查;大修

overhauling

[ˌəuvəˈhɔ:liŋ]

n.

大修;拆修;卸修;翻修

overhaul *

1. overhaul overhauls overhauling overhauled
If a piece of equipment is overhauled , it is cleaned, checked thoroughly, and repaired if necessary.

- They had ensured the plumbing was overhauled a year ago.

- Our mud-encrusted Citroen was towed away to have its suspension overhauled.

VB: usu passive
= service

2. overhaul
Also a noun.

- ...the overhaul of aero engines.

N-COUNT

3. overhaul overhauls overhauling overhauled
If you overhaul a system or method, you examine it carefully and make many changes in it in order to improve it.

- The government said it wanted to overhaul the employment training scheme to make it cost effective.

- The legal system needs to be overhauled.

VB

4. overhaul overhauls
Also a noun.

- The study says there must be a complete overhaul of air traffic control systems.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

5. overhaul overhauls overhauling overhauled
If someone overhauls a person who is ahead of them, especially in a sports competition, they pass them or become more successful than them.

- Argentina need to beat Peru by at least four goals to overhaul Brazil and reach the final itself.

- Beattie led for several laps before he was overhauled by Itoh.

VB
= overtake

overhaul

verb

1.

repair

check

do up informal

examine

inspect

recondition

restore

service

2.

overtake

catch up with

get ahead of

pass

noun

3.

checkup

check

examination

going-over informal

inspection

reconditioning

service

overhead

[D.J.:ˈəuvəhed]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌhɛd]

adj.

离地面的; 头顶上的; 上空的, 架空的

adv.

在头顶上; 在空中

在楼上

n.

(企业的)经费

overhead **

1. overhead
You use overhead to indicate that something is above you or above the place that you are talking about.

- She turned on the overhead light and looked around the little room.

- ...people who live under or near overhead cables.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. overhead
Also an adverb.

- ...planes passing overhead...

- Now there were only the stars overhead.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV

overhead

adverb

1.

above

aloft

in the sky

on high

skyward

up above

upward

adjective

2.

aerial

overhanging

upper

overhead projector

overhead projector overhead projectors
An overhead projector is a machine that has a light inside it and makes the writing or pictures on a sheet of plastic appear on a screen or wall. The abbreviation OHP is also used.
N-COUNT
= OHP

overheads

[D.J.:ˈəuvəhedz]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌhɛdz]

n.

(企业等的)经费(如房租、电费、取暖费、薪金)

overheads *

overheads
The overheads of a business are its regular and essential expenses, such as salaries, rent, electricity, and telephone bills.

- We are having to cut our costs to reduce overheads and remain competitive.

N-PLURAL

overheads

plural noun

running costs

operating costs

overhear

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈhiə]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈhɪr]

vt.

偶然听到

overhearing

串音

overhear *

overhear overhears overhearing overheard
If you overhear someone, you hear what they are saying when they are not talking to you and they do not know that you are listening.

- I overheard two doctors discussing my case.

- ...snatches of overheard conversation.

VB

overheat

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈhi:t]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈhit]

vt. & vi.

使过热, 变得过热

overheated

过热的

overheating

过热;热度过高

overheat *

1. overheat overheats overheating overheated
If something overheats or if you overheat it, it becomes hotter than is necessary or desirable.

- The engine was overheating and the car was not handling well.

- Why do we pay to overheat pubs and hotels?

V-ERG

2. overheated

- ...that stuffy, overheated apartment.

ADJ-GRADED

3. overheat overheats overheating overheated
If a country's economy overheats or if conditions overheat it, it grows so rapidly that inflation and interest rates rise very quickly.

- The private sector is increasing its spending so sharply that the economy is overheating.

- Their prime consideration has been not to overheat the economy.

V-ERG

4. overheated

- ...the disastrous consequences of an overheated market.

ADJ-GRADED

overheated

overheated
Someone who is overheated is very angry about something.

- I think the reaction has been a little overheated.

- In America, overheated drivers have been known to shoot each other.

ADJ-GRADED

overindulge

[D.J.:ˈəuvərinˈdʌldʒ]

[K.K.:ˌovərɪnˈdʌldʒ]

v.

溺爱;过度放纵

overindulge

overindulge overindulges overindulging overindulged
If you overindulge , or overindulge in something that you like very much, usually food or drink, you allow yourself to have more of it than is good for you.

- We all overindulge occasionally.

- Don't abuse your body by overindulging in alcohol.

VB

overjoyed

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈdʒɔid]

adj.

万分高兴的, 欣喜若狂的

overjoyed

overjoyed
If you are overjoyed , you are extremely pleased about something.

- Shelley was overjoyed to see me.

- He was overjoyed at his son's return.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to-inf, ADJ at n
= delighted

overjoyed

adjective

delighted

cock-a-hoop

elated

euphoric

jubilant

on cloud nine informal

over the moon informal

thrilled

overkill

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈkil]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌkɪl]

n.

过度的杀伤威力

vt.

过度地杀伤

overkill

overkill
You can say that something is overkill when you think that there is more of it than is necessary or appropriate.

- Every time I switch on the TV, there's football. It's overkill.

- Such security measures may well be overkill.

N-UNCOUNT

overland

[D.J.:ˈəʊvəˌlænd, -lənd]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌlænd, -lənd]

adj.

经由陆路的, 横跨大陆的

overland *

1. overland
An overland journey is made across land rather than by ship or aeroplane.

- ...an overland journey through Iraq, Turkey, Iran and Pakistan...

- The overland route is across some really tough mountains.

- Militia leaders had halted overland food convoys in the region.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. overland
Also an adverb.

- They're travelling to Baghdad overland.

ADV: ADV after v

overlap

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈlæp]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈlæp]

vt. & vi.

部分重叠

n.

重叠的部分

overlapped

重叠的

overlapping

[ˈəuvəˈlæpiŋ]

n.

重叠,搭接

overlap **

1. overlap overlaps overlapping overlapped
If one thing overlaps another, or if you overlap them, a part of the first thing occupies the same area as a part of the other thing. You can also say that two things overlap .

- When the bag is folded flat, the bag bottom overlaps one side of the bag.

- Overlap the slices carefully so there are no gaps.

- Use vinyl seam adhesive where vinyls overlap.

- The edges must overlap each other or weeds will push through the gaps.

- ...neat overlapping circles.

V-RECIP-ERG

2. overlap overlaps overlapping overlapped
If one idea or activity overlaps another, or overlaps with another, they involve some of the same subjects, people, or periods of time.

- Elizabeth met other Oxford intellectuals some of whom overlapped Naomi's world.

- Christian holy week overlaps with the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover.

- The needs of patients invariably overlap.

- Their life-spans overlapped by six years.

V-RECIP

3. overlap overlaps
Also a noun.

- ...the overlap between civil and military technology...

- We may begin to discover overlaps.

N-VAR: oft N between pl-n

overlaid

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈleid]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈled]

覆盖

overlay

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈleɪ]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈle]

vt.

在…上铺或盖

n.

覆盖物, 涂盖层

overlaying

镀;覆盖;重复占位

overlays

重复占位程序段;重复占位段

overlay *

1. overlay overlays overlaying overlaid
If something is overlaid with something else, it is covered by it.

- The floor was overlaid with rugs of oriental design.

- ...woollen cloth, overlaid with gold and silver embroidery.

VB: usu passive

2. overlay overlays
You can use overlay to refer to a substance which covers the surface of something.

- Silver overlay is bonded to the entire surface.

- ...an overlay of snow on the tops of the iron fences.

N-VAR: usu with supp

3. overlay overlays overlaying overlaid
If something is overlaid with a feeling or quality, that feeling or quality is the most noticeable one, but there may be deeper and more important ones involved.

- The party had been overlaid with a certain nervousness.

- ...a surge of feeling which at this moment overlaid all others.

VB

4. overlay overlays
Also a noun.

- There can be an emotional overlay to the frustration of solving real problems.

- ...the thin overlay of success.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

overleaf

[D.J.:ˈəʊvəˌli:f]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌlif]

adv.

<正>在本页背面

overleaf

overleaf
Overleaf is used in books and magazines to say that something is on the other side of the page you are reading.

- Answer the questionnaire overleaf.

- There are two types of contraceptive pill available and these are described overleaf.

ADV: n ADV, ADV after v, ADV with cl

overload

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈləʊd]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈlod]

vt.

使负担太重

使超载, 使过载

overloading

[ˈəuvəˈləudiŋ]

n.

过载,超载,过负载

overload *

1. overload overloads overloading overloaded
If you overload something such as a vehicle, you put more things or people into it than it was designed to carry.

- Don't overload the boat or it will sink.

- Large meals overload the digestive system.

VB

2. overloaded

- Some trains were so overloaded that their suspension collapsed.

ADJ-GRADED

3. overload overloads overloading overloaded
To overload someone with work, problems, or information means to give them more work, problems, or information than they can cope with.

- ...an effective method that will not overload staff with yet more paperwork.

VB

4. overload
Also a noun.

- 57 per cent complained of work overload.

- The greatest danger is that we simply create information overload for our executives.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

5. overloaded

- The bar waiter was already overloaded with orders.

ADJ-GRADED

6. overload overloads overloading overloaded
If you overload an electrical system, you cause too much electricity to flow through it, and so damage it.

- Never overload an electrical socket.

VB

overload

verb

overburden

burden

encumber

oppress

overtax

saddle (with)

strain

weigh down

overlook

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈluk]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈlʊk]

vt.

忽视

原谅

监督, 管理

俯视

overlook **

1. overlook overlooks overlooking overlooked
If a building or window overlooks a place, you can see the place clearly from the building or window.

- Pretty and comfortable rooms overlook a flower-filled garden.

- Jack Aldwych lived in a huge, old two-storeyed house overlooking Harbord.

VB
= look over

2. overlook overlooks overlooking overlooked
If you overlook a fact or problem, you do not notice it, or do not realize how important it is.

- We overlook all sorts of warning signals about our own health.

- ...a fact that we all tend to overlook.

VB

3. overlook overlooks overlooking overlooked
If you overlook someone's faults or bad behaviour, you forgive them and take no action.

- ...satisfying relationships that enable them to overlook each other's faults.

VB
= excuse

overlook

verb

1.

forget

disregard

miss

neglect

omit

pass

2.

ignore

condone

disregard

excuse

forgive

make allowances for

pardon

turn a blind eye to

wink at

3.

have a view of

look over or out on

overlord

[D.J.:ˈəʊvəˌlɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌlɔrd]

n.

最高领主;霸主

overlordship

n.

overlordship

封建君主的权位

overlord

1. overlord overlords
If you refer to someone as an overlord , you mean that they have great power and are likely to use it in a bad way. (WRITTEN)

- We really don't want to be the overlords of the Palestinian population.

- The running of Welsh rugby was left in chaos yesterday after a vote of no confidence in the game's overlords.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. overlord overlords
In former times, an overlord was someone who had power over many people.

- Henry II was the first king to be recognized as overlord of Ireland.

N-COUNT

overly

[D.J.:ˈəʊvəli:]

[K.K.:ˈovəli]

adv.

过度地

overly *

overly
Overly means more than is normal, necessary, or reasonable.

- Employers may become overly cautious about taking on new staff.

ADV: ADV adj/adv/-ed

overmanned

[ˌəuvəˈmænd]

adj.

(指工厂等)人手过多的，人浮于事的

overmanned

overmanned
If you say that a place or an industry is overmanned , you mean that you think there are more people working there or doing the work than is necessary.

- Many factories were chronically overmanned.

ADJ-GRADED
= overstaffed ≠ undermanned

overmanning

overmanning
If there is a problem of overmanning in an industry, there are more people working there or doing the work than is necessary.
N-UNCOUNT

overmuch

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈmʌtʃ]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈmʌtʃ]

adv. & adj.

过多地(的)

overmuch

overmuch
If something happens overmuch , it happens too much or very much. (FORMAL)

- He was not a man who thought overmuch about clothes.

ADV: usu ADV after v, also ADV -ed
= unduly

overnight

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈnait]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌnaɪt]

adv.

在晚上, 在夜里

突然, 很快

adj.

一整夜的, 晚上的

突然的; 很快的

overnight ***

1. overnight
If something happens overnight , it happens throughout the night or at some point during the night.

- The weather remained calm overnight.

- The decision was reached overnight.

- Overnight a man died after being shot and wounded yesterday.

ADV: ADV after v

2. overnight
Also an adjective.

- Travel and overnight accommodation are included.

- Overnight buying in the Far East also helped the dollar.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. overnight
You can say that something happens overnight when it happens very quickly and unexpectedly.

- The rules are not going to change overnight.

- He's realistic enough to know he's not going to succeed overnight.

- Almost overnight, she had aged ten years and become fat.

ADV: ADV after v

4. overnight
Also an adjective.

- In 1970 he became an overnight success in America.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. overnight
Overnight bags or clothes are ones that you take when you go and stay somewhere for one or two nights.

- He realized he'd left his overnight bag at Mary's house.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. overnight overnights overnighting overnighted
If you overnight somewhere, you spend the night there.

- They had told her she would be overnighting in Sydney.

VB

7. overnight
Also a noun.

- Overnights can be arranged.

N-COUNT

overpaid

[ˈəuvəˈpeid]

overpay的过去式和过去分词

overpay

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈpeɪ]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈpe]

vt.

多付给(某人)钱;给(某人)过高报酬

overpaid

overpaid
If you say that someone is overpaid , you mean that you think they are paid more than they deserve for the work they do.

- ...grossly overpaid corporate lawyers.

ADJ-GRADED
See also overpay .

overpay

overpay overpays overpaying overpaid
If you overpay someone, or if you overpay for something, you pay more than is necessary or reasonable.

- Absurdly, the EC makes shoppers overpay farmers to grow too much food.

- The council is said to have been overpaying for repairs made by its housing department.

- The scheme will overpay some lawyers and underpay others.

VB
See also overpaid .

overpass

[D.J.:ˈəuvəpɑ:s]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌpæs]

n.

立交桥, 天桥; 高架道路

overpass

overpass overpasses
An overpass is a structure which carries one road over the top of another one. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use flyover )

- ...a $16 million highway overpass over Route 1.

N-COUNT

overplay

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈplei]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈple]

v.

夸大…的重要性,表演过火,打(或踢)得比…好

overplay

1. overplay overplays overplaying overplayed
If you say that someone is overplaying something such as a problem, you mean that they are making it seem more important than it really is.

- ...overplaying the depth of the economic crisis...

- I think the historical factor is overplayed, that it really doesn't mean much.

VB
= exaggerate ≠ underplay

2. overplay
If someone overplays their hand , they act more confidently than they should because they believe that they are in a stronger position than they actually are.

- The United States has to be careful it doesn't overplay its hand.

PHR: V inflects

overpopulated

[ˌəuvəˈpɔpjəleitəd]

adj.

(城市等)人口过密[过多]的

overpopulated

overpopulated
If an area is overpopulated , there are problems because it has too many people living there.

- Environmentalists say Australia is already overpopulated.

- ...the overpopulated valleys of the north Omah region.

ADJ-GRADED
= overcrowded

overpopulation

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˌpɔpjəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˌpɑpjəˈleʃən]

n.

人口过剩

overpopulation

overpopulation
If there is a problem of overpopulation in an area, there are more people living there than can be supported properly.

- ...young persons who are concerned about overpopulation in the world.

N-UNCOUNT
= overcrowding

overpower

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈpaʊə]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈpaʊɚ]

vt.

压服, 击败

(感情等)压倒;使无法忍受

overpowering

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈpaʊərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈpaʊərɪŋ]

adj.

压倒(优势)的,不可抗拒的;使人无法忍受的

overpower *

1. overpower overpowers overpowering overpowered
If you overpower someone, you manage to take hold of and keep hold of them, although they struggle a lot.

- It took ten guardsmen to overpower him.

- The rebels were overpowered and arrested.

VB
= overwhelm

2. overpower overpowers overpowering overpowered
If a feeling overpowers you, it suddenly affects you very strongly.

- A sudden dizziness overpowered him.

- I was so overpowered by my guilt and my shame that I was unable to speak.

VB
= overwhelm

3. overpower overpowers overpowering overpowered
In a sports match, when one team or player overpowers the other, they play much better than them and beat them easily.

- Britain's tennis No 1 yesterday overpowered American Brian Garrow 7-6, 6-3.

VB

4. overpower overpowers overpowering overpowered
If something such as a colour or flavour overpowers another colour or flavour, it is so strong that it makes the second one less noticeable.

- On fair skin, pale shades are delicate enough not to overpower your colouring.

- Vegetables such as peppers can overpower the flavor of the stock.

VB
= overwhelm

overpowering *

1. overpowering
An overpowering feeling is so strong that you cannot resist it.

- ...hard, cold, overpowering anger...

- The desire for revenge can be overpowering.

ADJ-GRADED
= overwhelming

2. overpowering
An overpowering smell or sound is so strong that you cannot smell or hear anything else.

- There was an overpowering smell of alcohol.

- The noise was overpowering.

ADJ-GRADED
= overwhelming

3. overpowering
An overpowering person makes other people feel uncomfortable because they have such a strong personality.

- Mrs Winter was large and somewhat overpowering.

- ...an overpowering manner.

ADJ-GRADED
= overwhelming

overpower

verb

overwhelm

conquer

crush

defeat

master

overcome

overthrow

quell

subdue

subjugate

vanquish

overpowering

adjective

irresistible

forceful

invincible

irrefutable

overwhelming

powerful

strong

overpriced

overpriced
If you say that something is overpriced , you mean that you think it costs much more than it should.

- I went and had an overpriced cup of coffee in the hotel cafeteria.

- Any property which does not sell within six weeks is overpriced.

ADJ-GRADED

overran

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈræn]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈræn]

overrun的过去式

overrun

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈrʌn]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈrʌn]

vt.

蔓延, 占领, 侵害, 蹂躏

超过(范围)

overrunning

[ˈənvəˈrʌniŋ]

n.

凌驾

adj.

溢流的

overran

overran
Overran is the past tense of overrun .
also over-ran .

overrun *

1. overrun overruns overrunning overran
If an army or an armed force overruns a place, area, or country, it succeeds in occupying it very quickly.

- A group of rebels overran the port area and most of the northern suburbs.

- The centre of New Delhi was overrun by an armed mob which attacked government buildings.

VB also over-run .

2. overrun
If you say that a place is overrun with things that you consider undesirable, you mean that there are a large number of them there.

- The flower beds were overrun with grasses.

- The Hotel has been ordered to close because it is overrun by mice and rats.

- Padua and Vicenza are prosperous, well-preserved cities, not overrun by tourists.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with/by n also over-run .

3. overrun overruns overrunning overran
If an event or meeting overruns by, for example, ten minutes, it continues for ten minutes longer than it was intended to.

- Tuesday's lunch overran by three-quarters of an hour.

- The talks overran their allotted time.

VB also over-run .

4. overrun overruns overrunning overran
If costs overrun , they are higher than was planned or expected.

- We should stop the nonsense of taxpayers trying to finance joint weapons whose costs always overrun hugely.

- Costs overran the budget by about 30%.

VB also over-run .

5. overrun overruns
Also a noun.

- He was stunned to discover cost overruns of at least $1 billion.

N-COUNT: usu n N also over-run .

overrun

verb

1.

invade

occupy

overwhelm

rout

2.

infest

choke

inundate

permeate

ravage

spread over

swarm over

3.

exceed

go beyond

overshoot

run over or on

overrate

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈreɪt]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈret]

vt.

对(质量、能力等)估价过高

overrating

定额过高

overrate

1. overrate overrates overrating overrated
If you say that something or someone is overrated , you mean that people have a higher opinion of them than they deserve.

- More men are finding out that the joys of work have been overrated.

- If you consider him a miracle man, you're overrating him.

VB also over-rate .
= overvalue ≠ underrate

2. overrated

- Success in the eyes of others is an overrated achievement.

- Life in the wild is vastly overrated.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ underrated

overrate

verb

overestimate

exaggerate

overvalue

overreach

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈri:tʃ]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈritʃ]

vt.

因过于雄心勃勃而失败

overreach

overreach overreaches overreaching overreached
If you say that someone overreaches themselves, you mean that they fail at something because they are trying to do more than they are able to.

- He overreached himself and lost much of his fortune.

- The company had overreached itself and made unwise investments.

- The people who sustain the worst losses are usually those who overreach.

VB also over-reach .
= overstretch

overreact

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəri:ˈækt]

[K.K.:ˌovəriˈækt]

vi.

反应过火

overreaction

n.

overreact

1. overreact overreacts overreacting overreacted
If you say that someone overreacts to something, you mean that they have and show more of an emotion than is necessary or appropriate.

- Is the council right to be concerned, or is it overreacting?.

- The market appeared to overreact, but this is not the case.

- I overreact to anything sad.

VB also over-react .

2. overreaction overreactions

- This is actually an outrageous overreaction.

N-VAR

overridden

override的过去分词

override

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈraid]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈraɪd]

vt.

不顾, 不理

优先于, 压倒

overriding

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈraɪdɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈraɪdɪŋ]

adj.

最重要的；高于一切的

override *

1. override overrides overriding overrode overridden
If one thing in a situation overrides other things, it is more important than them.

- The welfare of a child should always override the wishes of its parents.

- Their work is frequently an obsession that overrides all other considerations.

VB The spelling over-ride is also used.

2. override overrides overriding overrode overridden
If someone in authority overrides a person or their decisions, they cancel their decisions.

- The president vetoed the bill, and the Senate failed by a single vote to override his veto.

- I'm applying in advance for the authority to override him.

- Big companies think they can sometimes override local opinion.

VB The spelling over-ride is also used.
= overrule

3. override overrides
An override is an attempt to cancel someone's decisions by using your authority over them or by gaining more votes than them in an election or contest. (AM)

- The bill now goes to the House where an override vote is expected to fail.

- An override of the veto appears unlikely.

N-COUNT The spelling over-ride is also used.

overriding *

overriding
In a particular situation, the overriding factor is the one that is the most important.

- My overriding concern is to raise the standards of state education.

- Given the overriding need to cut the budget deficit, the administration will ask congress for only $15 million this summer.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also over-riding .

override

verb

overrule

annul

cancel

countermand

nullify

outweigh

supersede

overriding

adjective

ultimate

dominant

paramount

predominant

primary

supreme

overrule

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈru:l]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈrul]

vt.

批驳, 推翻, 拒绝

overrule *

overrule overrules overruling overruled
If someone in authority overrules a person or their decision, they officially decide that the decision is incorrect or not valid.

- In 1991, the Court of Appeal overruled this decision.

- I told them it was a lousy idea, but I was overruled.

VB also over-rule .
= override

overrule

verb

reverse

alter

annul

cancel

countermand

override

overturn

repeal

rescind

veto

overseas

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈsi:z]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈsiz, ˈovɚˌsiz]

adv.

在[向]海外; 在[向]国外

adj.

(在)海外的, (在)国外的

(向或来自)外国的

overseas ***

1. overseas
You use overseas to describe things that involve or are in foreign countries, usually across a sea or an ocean.

- He has returned to South Africa from his long overseas trip.

- ...overseas trade figures.

ADJ: ADJ n
= foreign

2. overseas
Also an adverb.

- If you're staying for more than three months or working overseas, a full 10-year passport is required.

- Much of the investment was overseas.

ADV: ADV after v, be ADV
= abroad

3. overseas
An overseas student or visitor comes from a foreign country, usually across a sea or an ocean.

- Every year nine million overseas visitors come to London.

ADJ: ADJ n
= foreign

oversaw

[D.J.:ˈəuvəˈsɔ:]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈsɔ]

oversee的过去式

oversee

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈsi:]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈsi]

vt.

监督, 监视

oversee **

oversee oversees overseeing oversaw overseen
If someone in authority oversees a job or an activity, they make sure that it is done properly.

- Use a surveyor or architect to oversee and inspect the different stages of the work.

- ...the agreement to set up a commission to oversee the peace process.

VB
= supervise

overseer

[D.J.:ˈəʊvəˌsi:ə]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌsiɚ]

n.

监工,监督者

overseer

1. overseer overseers
An overseer is someone whose job is to make sure that employees are working properly.

- I was put in the tailor shop, and I loved it, I really did. I was promoted to overseer.

N-COUNT
= supervisor

2. overseer overseers
If a person or organization is the overseer of a particular system or activity, they are responsible for making sure that the system or activity works properly and is successful.

- ...the department's dual role as overseer of oil production and safety.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

overseer

noun

supervisor

boss informal

chief

foreman

master

superintendent

oversell

[D.J.:ˈəuvəˈsel]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈsɛl]

v.

销售过多,卖空,吹嘘过度

oversold

[D.J.:ˈəuvəˈsəuld]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈsold]

oversell的过去式及过去分词

oversell

oversell oversells overselling oversold
If you say that something or someone is oversold , you mean that people say they are better or more useful than they really are.

- The couple idea is certainly oversold. There's so much pressure to become a couple that people feel failure if they don't conform.

- I think the reformers have at times oversold the reforms.

VB
≠ undersell

oversexed

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈsekst]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈsɛkst]

adj.

性欲过剩的

oversexed

oversexed
If you describe someone as oversexed , you mean that they are more interested in sex or more involved in sexual activities than you think they should be.
ADJ-GRADED disapproval

overshadow

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈʃædəʊ]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈʃædo]

vt.

使(某物)被遮暗;使阴暗

使(某事物)令人不快或减少乐趣

使(某人)相形见绌或黯然失色

overshadow *

1. overshadow overshadows overshadowing overshadowed
If an unpleasant event or feeling overshadows something, it makes it less happy or enjoyable.

- Fears for the President's safety could overshadow his peace-making mission.

- Her childhood was overshadowed by her mother's incarceration in a psychiatric hospital.

VB
= cloud

2. overshadow overshadows overshadowing overshadowed
If you are overshadowed by a person or thing, you are less successful, important, or impressive than they are.

- Hester is overshadowed by her younger and more attractive sister.

VB: usu passive
= eclipse

3. overshadow overshadows overshadowing overshadowed
If one building, tree, or large structure overshadows another, it stands near it, is much taller than it, and casts a shadow over it.

- He also designed one of the Edinburgh University towers that overshadows George Square.

- She said stations should be in the open, near housing, not overshadowed by trees or walls.

VB

overshadow

verb

1.

outshine

dominate

dwarf

eclipse

leave or put in the shade

surpass

tower above

2.

spoil

blight

mar

put a damper on

ruin

temper

overshoot

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈʃu:t]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈʃut]

vt.

超过

overshoot the mark

言过其实；夸张

overshooting

[ˈəuvəˈʃu:tiŋ]

n.

过幅射

overshot

[D.J.:ˈəuvəˈʃɔt]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈʃɑt]

adj.

(水车等)上射式的,上颚突出的

overshoot的过去式和过去分词

overshoot

1. overshoot overshoots overshooting overshot
If you overshoot a place that you want to get to, you go past it by mistake.

- The plane apparently overshot the runway after landing.

- They had already overshot the corner once.

VB

2. overshoot overshoots overshooting overshot
If a government or organization overshoots its budget, it spends more than it had planned to.

- The government usually overshot its original spending target.

VB

3. overshoot overshoots
Also a noun.

- ...the 100 million pounds overshoot in the cost of building the hospital.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

oversight

[D.J.:ˈəʊvəˌsaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌsaɪt]

n.

疏忽, 失察

oversight *

1. oversight oversights
If there has been an oversight , someone has forgotten to do something which they should have done.

- William was angered and embarrassed by his oversight.

- By an unfortunate oversight, full instructions do not come with the product.

N-COUNT

2. oversight
If someone has oversight of a process or system, they are responsible for making sure that it works efficiently and correctly.

- ...a new system, where there'll be greater oversight of doctors...

- I had the oversight of their collection of books and manuscripts.

- The UN will also be given a loose oversight role.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

oversight

noun

mistake

blunder

carelessness

error

fault

lapse

neglect

omission

slip

oversimplification

n.

过度单纯化(的事物)

oversimplify

[D.J.:ˈəuvəˈsimplifai]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈsɪmpləˌfaɪ]

v.

(使)过分地单纯化

oversimplify

1. oversimplify oversimplifies oversimplifying oversimplified
If you say that someone is oversimplifying something, you mean that they are describing or explaining it so simply that what they say is no longer true or reasonable.

- One should not oversimplify the situation.

- To judge trips as if they're successes or failures may be oversimplifying things.

VB

2. oversimplified

- ...an oversimplified view of mathematics and the sciences.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. oversimplification oversimplifications

- There is an old saying that `we are what we eat'. Obviously this is an oversimplification.

N-VAR

oversize

[D.J.:ˈəuvəˈsaizç〖]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌsaɪz]

adj.

太大的

n.

特大型

oversize *

oversize
Oversize or oversized things are too big, or much bigger than usual.

- She brought out the oversize white sweater she had worn at school.

- ...an oversized bed.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

oversleep

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈsli:p]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈslip]

vi.

睡得太久,睡过头

overslept

oversleep的过去式和过去分词

oversleep

oversleep oversleeps oversleeping overslept
If you oversleep , you sleep longer than you should have done.

- I'm really sorry I'm late, Andrew. I forgot to set my alarm and I overslept.

VB

overspend

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈspend]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈspɛnd]

vt. & vi.

超支

overspending

[ˌəuvəˈspendiŋ]

adj.

超支的，花钱过多的

overspend

1. overspend overspends overspending overspent
If you overspend , you spend more money than you can afford to.

- Don't overspend on your home and expect to get the money back when you sell.

- I overspent by £1 on your shopping so I'm afraid you owe me.

- He argued that local councils which overspend should be forced to face fresh elections.

VB

2. overspend overspends
If an organization or business has an overspend , it spends more money than was planned or allowed in its budget. (BRIT; in AM use overrun )

- Efforts are under way to avoid a £800,000 overspend.

N-COUNT: usu sing

overspill

[D.J.:ˈəuvəspil]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈspɪl]

n.

溢落的东西,过剩人口

overspill

1. overspill
Overspill is used to refer to people who live near a city because there is no room in the city itself. (BRIT)

- ...new towns built to absorb overspill from nearby cities.

- ...overspill council housing.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft N n

2. overspill
You can use overspill to refer to things or people which there is no room for in the usual place because it is full.

- There is often overspill, with the office piled high with parts and the shop jammed full of goods waiting to be posted out.

- With the best seats taken, it was ruled that the overspill could stand at the back of the court.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

overstaffed

[ˌəuvəˈstɑ:ft]

adj.

(指办公室等)超编的，人浮于事的

overstaffed

overstaffed
If you say that a place is overstaffed , you think there are more people working there than is necessary.

- Many workers believe the factory is overstaffed.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ understaffed

overstate

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈsteɪt]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈstet]

vt.

夸大(某事)

overstate *

overstate overstates overstating overstated
If you say that someone is overstating something, you mean they are describing it in a way that makes it seem more important or serious than it really is.

- The authors no doubt overstated their case with a view to catching the public's attention.

- The importance of health education cannot be overstated.

VB
= exaggerate ≠ understate

overstatement

n.

大话

overstatement

overstatement overstatements
If you refer to the way something is described is an overstatement , you mean it is described in a way that makes it seem more important or serious than it really is.

- This may have been an improvement, but `breakthrough' was an overstatement.

- True emotion ought not to require overstatement.

N-VAR
= exaggeration ≠ understatement

overstay

[D.J.:ˈəuvəˈstei]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈste]

v.

逗留过久,停留超过(时间)

overstay

overstay overstays overstaying overstayed
If you overstay your time, you stay somewhere for longer than you should.

- Up to forty per cent of the students had overstayed their visas.

VB: no passive
= outstay

to overstay your welcome : see welcome .

overstep

[D.J.:ˈəuvəstep]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈstɛp]

vt.

踏过,逾越,超出…的限度

overstep

overstep oversteps overstepping overstepped
If someone oversteps the mark , they behave in a way that is considered unacceptable.

- The Commission is sensitive to accusations that it is overstepping its authority.

- In male company, perhaps he did overstep the bounds of propriety.

- He overstepped the mark and we had no option but to suspend him.

PHR: V inflects
= go too far

overstretch

[D.J.:ˈəuvəˈstretʃ]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈstrɛtʃ]

vt.

延伸过长

overstretch

overstretch overstretches overstretching overstretched
If you overstretch something or someone, you force them to do something they are not really capable of, and they may be harmed as a result.

- Dr Boutros Ghali said the operation would overstretch resources.

- Do what you know you can do well and don't overstretch yourself.

- Never force your legs to overstretch, or you can cause injuries.

V-ERG

overstretched

overstretched
If a system or organization is overstretched , it is being forced to work more than it is supposed to.

- The crime rate is rising rapidly at present and the police force is overstretched.

- Analysts fear the overstretched air traffic control system could reach breaking point.

ADJ-GRADED

oversubscribed

adj.

过多订购的

oversubscribed

oversubscribed
If something such as an event or a service is oversubscribed , too many people apply to attend the event or use the service.

- The popular schools -- the sort you really might drive across town for -- tend to be heavily oversubscribed.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
≠ undersubscribed

overt

[D.J.:ˈəuvə:t]

[K.K.:oˈvɚt, ˈoˌvɚt]

adj.

公开的; 不隐蔽的

overtly

[D.J.:ˈəʊvɜ:tlɪ]

[K.K.:oˈvə..tlɪ]

adv.

明显地;公然

<律>蓄意地

overt *

1. overt
An overt action or attitude is done or shown in an open and obvious way.

- His recent productions have been beautifully crafted works with little overt political content.

- Although there is no overt hostility, black and white students do not mix much.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ covert

2. overtly

- He's written a few overtly political lyrics over the years.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

overt

adjective

open

blatant

manifest

observable

obvious

plain

public

unconcealed

undisguised

overtake

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈteik]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈtek]

vt. & vi.

追上, 赶上, 超过

vt.

突然来临, 突然遭遇

overtaken

overtake的过去分词

overtaking

超车

overtook

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈtuk]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈtʊk]

overtake的过去式

overtake **

1. overtake overtakes overtaking overtook overtaken
If you overtake a vehicle or a person that is ahead of you and moving in the same direction, you pass them. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use pass )

- When he eventually overtook the last truck he pulled over to the inside lane.

- The red car was pulling out ready to overtake.

VB

2. overtake overtakes overtaking overtook overtaken
If someone or something overtakes a competitor, they become more successful than them.

- It's the first time at these games that the Americans have overtaken the Cubans.

- Lung cancer has now overtaken breast cancer as a cause of death for women in the US.

- Sales are booming in Japan, which has overtaken Britain as the Mini's biggest market.

VB

3. overtake overtakes overtaking overtook overtaken
If an event overtakes you, it happens unexpectedly or suddenly.

- Tragedy was shortly to overtake him, however.

VB
= befall

4. overtake overtakes overtaking overtook overtaken
If a feeling overtakes you, it affects you very strongly. (LITERARY)

- Something like panic overtook me in a flood.

- From the moment Edward had told her of the escape attempt, she had been overtaken by a sense of impending doom.

VB
= engulf

overtook

Overtook is the past tense of overtake .

overtake

verb

1.

pass

catch up with

get past

leave behind

outdistance

outdo

outstrip

overhaul

2.

befall

engulf

happen

hit

overwhelm

strike

overtax

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈtæks]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈtæks]

vt.

使负担过重; 使过度疲劳

对…征税过重

overtax

1. overtax overtaxes overtaxing overtaxed
If you overtax someone or something, you force them to work harder than they can really manage, and may do them harm as a result.

- ...a contralto who has overtaxed her voice.

VB
= overstretch

2. overtax overtaxes overtaxing overtaxed
If you say that a government is overtaxing its people, you mean that it is making them pay more tax than you think they should pay.

- You can't help Britain by overtaxing its people.

VB
≠ undertax

overthrew

overthrow的过去式

overthrow

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈθrəu]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈθro]

vt.

打倒; 推翻

使终止

n.

推翻; 终止, 结束

overthrown

overthrow的过去分词

overthrow **

1. overthrow overthrows overthrowing overthrew overthrown
When a government or leader is overthrown , they are removed from power by force.

- That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.

- ...an attempt to overthrow the president.

VB
= topple

2. overthrow
Also a noun.

- They were charged with plotting the overthrow of the state.

N-SING: oft N of n

overthrow

verb

1.

defeat

bring down

conquer

depose

dethrone

oust

overcome

overpower

topple

unseat

vanquish

noun

2.

downfall

defeat

destruction

dethronement

fall

ousting

undoing

unseating

overtime

[D.J.:ˈəʊvəˌtaɪm]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌtaɪm]

n.

超出的时间;额外的时间

加班费

adv.

超时地

be working overtime

非常活跃；过于兴奋

overtime *

1. overtime
Overtime is time that you spend doing your job in addition to your normal working hours.

- He would work overtime, without pay, to finish a job.

- Union leaders had urged miners to vote in favour of an overtime ban.

N-UNCOUNT

2. overtime
If you say that someone is working overtime to do something, you mean that they are using a lot of energy, effort, or enthusiasm trying to do it. (INFORMAL)

- We had to battle very hard and our defence worked overtime to keep us in the game.

- She works overtime with her vacuum cleaner to keep grit out of the kitchen.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to-inf

3. overtime
Overtime is an additional period of time that is added to the end of a sports match in which the two teams are level, as a way of allowing one of the teams to win. (AM; in BRIT use extra time )

- Denver had won the championship by defeating the Cleveland Browns 23-20 in overtime.

N-UNCOUNT

overtired

overtired
If you are overtired , you are so tired that you feel unhappy or bad-tempered, or feel that you cannot do things properly.

- Make sure you avoid getting overtired or missing meals, when at all possible.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

overtone

[D.J.:ˈəʊvəˌtəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌton]

n.

暗示, 含义, 弦外之音

overtones

[ˈəuvətəunz]

n.

暗示，含意;弦外之音

overtone *

overtone overtones
If something has overtones of a particular thing or quality, it suggests that thing or quality but does not openly express it.

- The strike has taken on overtones of a civil rights campaign.

- It's a quite profound story, with powerful religious overtones.

N-COUNT: usu pl, with supp

overtone

noun

connotation

hint

implication

innuendo

intimation

nuance

sense

suggestion

undercurrent

overture

[D.J.:ˈəʊvəˌtʃʊə]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌtʃʊr]

n.

(向某人做出的)友好表示、姿态或提议

(歌剧、芭蕾舞、音乐剧等的)序曲, 前奏曲

overture *

1. overture overtures
An overture is a piece of music, often one that is the introduction to an opera or play.

- ...Wagner's Mastersingers Overture.

N-COUNT: oft in names

2. overture overtures
If you make overtures to someone, you behave in a friendly or romantic way towards them.

- He had lately begun to make clumsy yet endearing overtures of friendship.

- If only the West had been more responsive to his peace overtures in the fifties.

N-COUNT: usu pl

overture

noun

1.

introduction

opening

prelude

overtures

2.

approach

advance

invitation

offer

proposal

proposition

overturn

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈtə:n]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈtɚn]

vt. & vi.

(使)翻倒

vt.

使垮台; 推翻

overturned

倒转的

overturn **

1. overturn overturns overturning overturned
If something overturns or if you overturn it, it turns upside down or on its side.

- The lorry veered out of control, overturned and smashed into a wall.

- Alex jumped up so violently that he overturned his glass of sherry.

- A dozen cartons of books had been overturned and strewn about the floor.

- ...a battered overturned boat.

V-ERG

2. overturn overturns overturning overturned
If someone in authority overturns a legal decision, they officially decide that that decision is incorrect or not valid.

- When the Russian parliament overturned his decision, he backed down.

- His nine-month sentence was overturned by Appeal Court judge Lord Justice Watkins.

VB
= overrule

3. overturn overturns overturning overturned
To overturn a government or system means to remove it or destroy it.

- He accused his opponents of wanting to overturn the government.

- ...a society where all the old values had been overturned.

VB
= overthrow

overturn

verb Music

1.

tip over

capsize

keel over

overbalance

topple

upend

upturn

2.

overthrow

bring down

depose

destroy

unseat

overuse

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈju:z]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈjuz]

vt.

使用过度

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈju:s]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈjus]

n.

过度的使用

overuse

1. overuse overuses overusing overused
If someone overuses something, they use more of it than necessary, or use it more often than necessary.

- A nasal spray or drops would ease your symptoms, but don't overuse them or further congestion could result.

- Don't overuse heated appliances on you hair.

VB

2. overuse
Also a noun.

- Supplies are under increasing threat from overuse and pollution.

N-UNCOUNT

3. overuse overuses overusing overused
If you say that people overuse a word or idea, you mean that they use it so often that it no longer has any real meaning or effect.

- Which words or phrases do you most overuse?

VB

4. overused

- `Just Do It' has become one of the most overused catch phrases in recent memory.

ADJ-GRADED
= overworked

overvaluation

[ˌəuvəvæljuˈeiʃən]

n.

过高估价;定价过高

overvalue

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈvælju:]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈvælju]

vt.

对…估价过高

对…看得过重

overvaluation

n.

overvalued

估价过高的

overvalue *

1. overvalue
To overvalue something, often a cost or rate of exchange, means to fix its value at too high a level compared with other similar things.

- ...a rate which does not overvalue the pound...

- He argues that men tend to overvalue independence, and to undervalue connection.

VB

2. overvaluation

- These problems were aggravated by the overvaluation of the pound.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. overvalued

- It still can be argued that Japanese shares are overvalued in terms of the return they offer.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ undervalued

overview

[D.J.:ˈəʊvəˌvju:]

[K.K.:ˈovɚˌvju]

n.

综览,概观,概述

overview *

overview overviews
An overview of a situation is a general understanding or description of it as a whole.

- The central section of the book is a historical overview of drug use.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

overweening

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈwi:nɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈwinɪŋ]

adj.

自负的

过分的；不合理的

overweening

overweening
If you want to emphasize your disapproval of someone's great ambition or pride, you can refer to their overweening ambition or pride. (FORMAL)

- `Your modesty is a cover for your overweening conceit,' she said.

ADJ: usu ADJ n disapproval

overweight

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈweɪt]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈwet]

adj.

超重的

overweight *

overweight
Someone who is overweight weighs more than is considered healthy or attractive.

- Being even moderately overweight increases your risk of developing high blood pressure.

- ...a middle-aged, overweight farmer's wife.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ underweight

overweight

adjective

fat

bulky

chubby

chunky

corpulent

heavy

hefty

obese

plump

portly

stout

tubby informal

overwhelm

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈhwelm]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈhwɛlm, -ˈwɛlm]

vt.

覆盖, 淹没

压倒, 制服; 打败

使某人不知所措

overwhelming

[D.J.:ˌəuvəˈhwelmiŋ]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈhwɛlmɪŋ, -ˈwɛl-]

adj.

势不可挡的, 压倒一切的; 巨大的

overwhelmingly

[D.J.:ˌovəˈh welmɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈh w ɛlmɪ ŋlɪ]

adv.

压倒地;无法抵抗地

overwhelm **

1. overwhelm overwhelms overwhelming overwhelmed
If you are overwhelmed by a feeling or event, it affects you very strongly, and you do not know how to deal with it.

- He was overwhelmed by a longing for times past.

- The need to talk to someone, anyone, overwhelmed her.

VB

2. overwhelmed

- Sightseers may be a little overwhelmed by the crowds and noise.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

3. overwhelm overwhelms overwhelming overwhelmed
If a group of people overwhelm a place or another group, they gain complete control or victory over them.

- It was clear that one massive Allied offensive would overwhelm the weakened enemy.

VB
= overpower

overwhelming ***

1. overwhelming
If something is overwhelming , it affects you very strongly, and you do not know how to deal with it.

- The task won't feel so overwhelming if you break it down into small, easy-to-accomplish steps.

- She felt an overwhelming desire to have another child.

ADJ-GRADED
= overpowering

2. overwhelmingly

- Women of his own middle class found him overwhelmingly attractive.

- ...the overwhelmingly strange medieval city of Fès.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj

3. overwhelming
You can use overwhelming to emphasize that an amount or quantity is much greater than other amounts or quantities.

- The overwhelming majority of small businesses go broke within the first twenty-four months.

- The party won an overwhelming victory in Burma's general elections last May.

- The vote was overwhelming -- 283 in favour, and only twenty-nine against.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis

4. overwhelmingly

- The House of Commons has overwhelmingly rejected calls to bring back the death penalty for murder.

- Although things are changing the medical establishment is still overwhelmingly male.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

overwhelm

verb

1.

devastate

bowl over informal

knock (someone) for six informal

overcome

stagger

sweep (someone) off his or her feet

take (someone's) breath away

2.

destroy

crush

cut to pieces

massacre

overpower

overrun

rout

overwhelming

adjective

devastating

breathtaking

crushing

irresistible

overpowering

shattering

stunning

towering

overwork

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈwɜ:k]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈwə..k]

vt. & vi.

工作过度或时间过长

vt.

滥用(词等)

n.

工作过度或时间过长

overwork *

1. overwork overworks overworking overworked
If you overwork or if someone overworks you, you work too hard, and are likely to become very tired or ill.

- He's overworking and has got a lot on his mind.

- He overworks and underpays the poor clerk whom he employs.

V-ERG

2. overwork
Also a noun.

- He died of a heart attack brought on by overwork.

N-UNCOUNT

3. overworked

- ...an overworked doctor.

ADJ-GRADED

overworked

overworked
If you describe a word, expression, or idea as overworked , you mean it has been used so often that it no longer has much effect or meaning.

- `Ecological' has become one of the most overworked adjectives among manufacturers of garden supplies.

- ...an overworked simile.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= overused

overwork

verb

1.

strain

burn the midnight oil

sweat informal

work one's fingers to the bone

2.

overuse

exhaust

exploit

fatigue

oppress

wear out

weary

overwrought

[D.J.:ˌəʊvəˈrɔ:t]

[K.K.:ˌovɚˈrɔt]

adj.

神经紧张的;忧虑的,烦恼的

overwrought

overwrought
Someone who is overwrought is very upset and is behaving in an uncontrolled way.

- One overwrought member had to be restrained by friends.

ADJ-GRADED
= distraught

overwrought

adjective

agitated

distracted

excited

frantic

keyed up

on edge

overexcited

tense

uptight informal

ovulate

[D.J.:ˈəuvjuleit]

[K.K.:ˈovjəˌlet, ˈɑvjə-]

vi.

排卵

ovulation

[ˌɔvjuˈleiʃən,ˌəuvjuˈleiʃən]

n.

排卵,产卵作用

ovulate *

1. ovulate ovulates ovulating ovulated
When a woman or female animal ovulates , an egg is produced from one of her ovaries.

- Some girls may first ovulate even before they menstruate.

VB

2. ovulation

- By noticing these changes, the woman can tell when ovulation is about to occur.

N-UNCOUNT

ow

[D.J.:au]

[K.K.:aʊ]

int.

表示突然疼痛所发出的声音

ow

ow
` Ow! ' is used in writing to represent the noise that people make when they suddenly feel pain.

- Ow! Don't do that!

EXCLAM
= ouch

owe

[D.J.:əu]

[K.K.:o]

vt.

欠…债; 应当给予

应把…归功于

感激

owes

v.

亏欠,负债,感恩

owing

[D.J.:ˈəuiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈoɪŋ]

adj.

欠着的, 应付的, 未付的

owe ***

1. owe owes owing owed
If you owe money to someone, they have lent it to you and you have not yet paid it back. You can also say that the money is owing .

- The company owes money to more than 60 banks.

- Blake already owed him nearly £50.

- I'm broke, Livy, and I owe a couple of million dollars.

- He could take what was owing for the rent.

VB

2. owe owes owing owed
If someone or something owes a particular quality or their success to a person or thing, they only have it because of that person or thing.

- I always suspected she owed her first job to her friendship with Roger.

- He owed his survival to his strength as a swimmer.

- The fruit owes its extraordinary aroma to a mixture of three main chemicals.

- The city essentially owes its fame and beauty to the Moors who transformed it into the Muslim capital of Spain.

- I owe him my life.

VB: no passive

3. owe owes owing owed
If you say that you owe a great deal to someone or something, you mean that they have helped you or influenced you a lot, and you feel very grateful to them.

- As a professional composer I owe much to Radio 3.

- He's been fantastic. I owe him a lot.

VB

4. owe owes owing owed
If you say that something owes a great deal to a person or thing, you mean that it exists, is successful, or has its particular form mainly because of them.

- The island's present economy owes a good deal to whisky distilling.

- Mrs Allen's style of cooking owes much to her mother-in-law.

VB

5. owe owes owing owed
If you say that you owe someone gratitude, respect, or loyalty, you mean that they deserve it from you. (FORMAL)

- Perhaps we owe these people more respect.

- I owe you an apology. You must have found my attitude very annoying.

- I owe a big debt of gratitude to her.

VB

6. owe owes owing owed
If you say that you owe it to someone to do something, you mean that you should do that thing because they deserve it.

- I can't go. I owe it to him to stay.

- You owe it to yourself to get some professional help.

- Of course she would have to send a letter; she owed it to the family.

VB: no passive

7. owe
You use owing to when you are introducing the reason for something.

- He was out of work owing to a physical injury.

- Owing to staff shortages, there was no restaurant car on the train.

PHR-PREP: PREP n
= due to

owe

verb

be in debt

be in arrears

be obligated or indebted

owing

adjective

unpaid

due

outstanding

overdue

owed

payable

unsettled

owl

[D.J.:aul]

[K.K.:aʊl]

n.

猫头鹰

owl **

owl owls
An owl is a bird with a flat face, large eyes, and a small sharp beak. Most owls obtain their food by hunting small animals at night.
N-COUNT
See also night owl .

owlish

[D.J.:ˈaʊlɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈaʊlɪʃ]

adj.

像猫头鹰的

面孔严肃的

owlish

owlish
An owlish person looks rather like an owl, especially because they wear glasses, and seems to be very serious and clever.

- With his owlish face, it is easy to understand why he was called `The Professor'.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

own

[D.J.:əun]

[K.K.:on]

adj.

属于自己的

自己做的, 为自己的

vt.

拥有

承认

owned

[əund]

adj.

自身拥有的

own *****

1. own
You use own to indicate that something belongs to a particular person or thing.

- My wife decided I should have my own shop.

- ...another group of patients who were taught to change their own dressings...

- Why can't I live a normal life in my own country?.

- He could no longer trust his own judgement.

- His office had its own private entrance.

ADJ: poss ADJ

2. own
Also a pronoun.

- He saw the Major's face a few inches from his own.

PRON: poss PRON

3. own
You use own to indicate that something is used by, or is characteristic of, only one person, thing, or group.

- Jennifer insisted on her own room.

- I let her tell me about it in her own way.

- Each nation has its own peculiarities when it comes to doing business.

ADJ: poss ADJ

4. own
Also a pronoun.

- This young lady has a sense of style that is very much her own.

PRON: poss PRON

5. own
You use own to indicate that someone does something without any help from other people.

- They enjoy making their own decisions.

- Tony also built his own house from his own plans.

- He'll have to make his own arrangements.

ADJ: poss ADJ

6. own
Also a pronoun.

- There's no career structure, you have to create your own.

PRON: poss PRON

7. own owns owning owned
If you own something, it is your property.

- His father owns a local pub.

- At least three British golf courses are now owned by the Japanese.

VB

8. own
If you have something you can call your own , it belongs only to you, rather than being controlled by or shared with someone else.

- They don't yet have a country to call their own.

- I would like a place I could call my own.

PHR

9. own
If someone or something comes into their own , they become very successful or start to perform very well because the circumstances are right.

- The goalkeeper came into his own with a series of brilliant saves.

- This is when geraniums and petunias come into their own.

PHR: V inflects

10. own
If you get your own back on someone, you have your revenge on them because of something bad that they have done to you. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Renshaw reveals 20 bizarre ways in which women have got their own back on former loved ones.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR on n

11. own
If you make something your own , you become involved in it in such a way that people think of it as being related only to you or belonging only to you, rather than to anyone else.

- Here again is the song that Pavarotti has made his own.

PHR: V inflects

12. own
If you say that someone has a particular thing of their own , you mean that that thing belongs or relates to them, rather than to other people.

- You see, we have a problem of our own.

- He set out in search of ideas for starting a company of his own.

PHR: n PHR

13. own
If someone or something has a particular quality or characteristic of their own , that quality or characteristic is especially theirs, rather than being shared by other things or people of that type.

- Groups have a personality of their own.

- The cries of the seagulls gave this part of the harbour a fascinating character all of its own.

PHR: n PHR

14. own
When you are on your own , you are alone.

- He lives on his own.

- I told him how scared I was of being on my own.

- I need some time on my own.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR
= alone

15. own
If you do something on your own , you do it without any help from other people.

- I work best on my own.

- ...the jobs your child can do on her own.

PHR: PHR after v
= by yourself

16. own
If you say that someone does something as if they own the place or like they own the place , you are critical of them because they do it in a very arrogant way.

- He struts around town like he owns the place.

PHR: V inflects, PHR after v disapproval

own

adjective

1.

personal

individual

particular

private

pronoun

hold one's own

2.

compete

keep going

keep one's end up

keep one's head above water

on one's own

3.

alone

by oneself

independently

singly

unaided

unassisted

under one's own steam

verb

4.

possess

be in possession of

enjoy

have

hold

keep

retain

5.

acknowledge

admit

allow

concede

confess

grant

recognize

own up

6.

confess

admit

come clean

make a clean breast

tell the truth

own up *****

own up owns up; owning up; owned up
If you own up to something wrong that you have done, you admit that you did it.

- The headmaster is waiting for someone to own up.

- Last year my husband owned up to a secret affair with his secretary.

PHR-V

-owned

-owned
-owned combines with nouns, adjectives, and adverbs to form adjectives that indicate who owns something.

- More than 50 state-owned companies have been sold since the early 1980s.

- ...the Japanese-owned Bel Air Hotel in Los Angeles...

- Most local radio stations are privately-owned.

COMB in ADJ

owner

[ˈəunə]

n.

物主, 所有人

owner ****

owner owners
The owner of something is the person to whom it belongs.

- The owner of the store was sweeping his floor when I walked in.

- Every pet owner knows their animal has its own personality.

- New owners will have to wait until September before moving in.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
See also home owner , landowner .

owner

noun

possessor

holder

landlord or landlady

proprietor

owner-occupier

n.

〈英〉业主居住者,住在自家私房的人

owner-occupier

owner-occupier owner-occupiers
An owner-occupier is a person who owns the house or flat that they live in. (BRIT)

- The Northern Region has a lower proportion of owner-occupiers than any other English region.

N-COUNT

ownership

[D.J.:ˈəunəʃip]

[K.K.:ˈonɚˌʃɪp]

n.

物主的身份; 所有(权), 所有制

ownership ***

ownership
Ownership of something is the state of owning it.

- On January 23rd, America decided to relax its rules on the foreign ownership of its airlines.

- ...the growth of home ownership in Britain...

- He said that anyone trying to export goods without proof of ownership would have them seized.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

ownership

noun

possession

dominion

title

own goal *

1. own goal own goals
In sport, if someone scores an own goal , they accidentally score a goal for the team they are playing against. (BRIT)

- Southampton took the lead through a Richard Shaw own goal after only 30 seconds.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. own goal own goals
If a course of action that someone takes harms their own interests, you can refer to it as an own goal . (BRIT)

- Because of the legislation I could not employ a woman. Women have made themselves unemployable. They have scored an own goal.

N-COUNT: usu sing

ox

[D.J.:ɔks]

[K.K.:ɑks]

n.

牛, 阉牛

oxen

[D.J.:ˈɔksən]

[K.K.:ˈɑksən]

n.

牛,公牛(ox的复数)

ox *

ox oxen
An ox is a bull that has been castrated. Oxen are used in some countries for pulling vehicles or carrying things.
N-COUNT

Oxbridge

[D.J.:ˈɔksˌbrɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈɑksˌbrɪdʒ]

n.

牛津剑桥(牛津大学和〔或〕剑桥大学, 以区别英国其他大学)

Oxbridge *

Oxbridge
Oxbridge is used to refer to the British universities of Oxford and Cambridge together. (BRIT)

- Last year Oxbridge graduates accounted for 41% of entrants to the civil service's fast stream to promotion.

- ...an offer of a place at Oxbridge.

N-PROPER

oxcart

[ˈɔkskɑ:t]

n.

牛车

oxcart

oxcart oxcarts
An oxcart is a cart pulled by an ox or oxen.
N-COUNT also ox-cart .

oxidation

[D.J.:ˌɔksɪˈdeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌɑksɪˈdeʃən]

n.

氧化

oxidation

oxidation
Oxidation is a process in which a chemical substance changes because of the addition of oxygen. (TECHNICAL)

- Carbon dioxide is a necessary result of the oxidation of carbon compounds.

N-UNCOUNT

oxide

[D.J.:ˈɔksaid]

[K.K.:ˈɑkˌsaɪd]

n.

氧化物

oxide *

oxide oxides
An oxide is a compound of oxygen and another chemical element.

- Atoms of iron in the nail combine with atoms of oxygen from the air to form molecules of iron oxide, or rust.

N-MASS: usu supp N

oxidize

[D.J.:ˈɔksɪˌdaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈɑksɪˌdaɪz]

vt. & vi.

(使某物)氧化;(使某物)生锈

oxidize *

oxidize oxidizes oxidizing oxidized
When a substance is oxidized or when it oxidizes , it changes chemically because of the effect of oxygen on it.

- Aluminium is rapidly oxidized in air.

- The original white lead pigments have oxidized and turned black.

V-ERG (BRIT) also oxidise

oxtail

[D.J.:ˈɔksteil]

[K.K.:ˈɑksˌtel]

n.

牛尾

oxtail

oxtail oxtails
Oxtail is meat from the tail of a cow. It is used for making soups and stews.

- ...oxtail soup.

N-VAR

oxygen

[D.J.:ˈɔksidʒən]

[K.K.:ˈɑksɪdʒən]

n.

〈化〉氧, 氧气

oxygen **

oxygen
Oxygen is a colourless gas that exists in large quantities in the air. All plants and animals need oxygen in order to live.

- The human brain needs to be without oxygen for only four minutes before permanent damage occurs.

N-UNCOUNT

oxygenate

[D.J.:ˈɔksidʒineit]

[K.K.:ˈɑksɪdʒəˌnet]

v.

以氧处理,氧化

oxygenated

充了氧的

oxygenate

oxygenate oxygenates oxygenating oxygenated
To oxygenate something means to mix or dissolve oxygen into it.

- Previous attempts at filtering and oxygenating aquarium water had failed.

- Vessels which carry freshly oxygenated blood are called arteries.

VB

oxygen mask

oxygen mask oxygen masks
An oxygen mask is a device that is connected to a cylinder of oxygen by means of a tube. It is placed over the nose and mouth of someone who is having difficulty in breathing in order to help them breath more easily.
N-COUNT

oxymoron

[D.J.:ɔksiˈmɔ:rɔn]

[K.K.:ˌɑksiˈmɔrˌɑn, -ˈmor-]

n.

矛盾形容法; 逆喻

oxymoron

oxymoron oxymorons
If you describe a phrase as an oxymoron , you mean that what it refers to combines two opposite qualities or ideas and therefore seems impossible. (TECHNICAL)

- This has made many Americans conclude that business ethics is an oxymoron.

N-COUNT

oyster

[D.J.:ˈɔistə]

[K.K.:ˈɔɪstɚ]

n.

牡蛎

oyster *

1. oyster oysters
An oyster is a large flat shellfish. Some oysters can be eaten and others produce valuable objects called pearls.

- He had two dozen oysters and enjoyed every one of them.

N-COUNT

2. oyster
If you say that the world is someone's oyster , you mean that they can do anything or go anywhere that they want to.

- You're young, you've got a lot of opportunity. The world is your oyster.

PHR: V inflects

oyster bed

oyster bed oyster beds
An oyster bed is a place where oysters breed and grow naturally or are kept for food or pearls.
N-COUNT

oystercatcher

[D.J.:ˈɔɪstəˌkætʃə]

[K.K.:ˈɔɪstɚˌkætʃɚ]

n.

蛎鹬

oystercatcher

oystercatcher oystercatchers
An oystercatcher is a black and white bird with a long red beak. It lives near the sea and eats small shellfish.
N-COUNT

oz.

abbr.

ounce 盎斯

oz.

abbr.

ounce 盎斯

oz **

oz
Oz is a written abbreviation for ounce .

- Whisk 25g (1 oz) of butter into the sauce.

ozone

[D.J.:ˈəuzəun]

[K.K.:ˈoˌzon]

n.

〈化〉臭氧

清新空气

ozone **

ozone
Ozone is a colourless gas which is a form of oxygen. There is a layer of ozone high above the earth's surface.

- Ozone is best known for its role in screening the Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays from the Sun.

- What they find could provide clues to what might happen worldwide if ozone depletion continues.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

P

[pi:]

abbr.

〈军〉personnel 人员

p.

abbr.

page 页

p.

abbr.

page 页

P, p

1. P, p P's, p's
P is the sixteenth letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

2. p
p is an abbreviation for pence or penny .

- They cost 5p each.

- ...to increase income tax by 1p.

= pence penny

3. p.
You write p. before a number as an abbreviation for `page'. The plural form is `pp.'.

- See p. 246 for Thom Bean's response.

- ...examined in Chapter 4 (pp. 109-13).

4. P, p
P or p is used as an abbreviation for words beginning with p, such as `per' or `parking'.

5. p
In a piece of music, p is a written abbreviation for piano and indicates that the piece should be played quietly.

pa

[D.J.:pɑ:]

[K.K.:pɑ]

n.

<口>爸

pas

[D.J.:pɑ:]

[K.K.:pɑ]

n.

舞步,舞蹈

pa

pa pas
Some people address or refer to their father as pa . (INFORMAL)

- `Pa,' he said, `I don't feel well.'.

- Pa used to be in the army.

N-FAMILY
= dad

p.a.

abbr.

per annum 每年

p.a.

abbr.

per annum 每年

p.a.

p.a.
p.a. is a written abbreviation for per annum .

- ...dentists with an average net income of £48,000 p.a.

- ... a yield of 10.5% p.a.

PA

[D.J.:pɑ:]

[K.K.:pɑ]

abbr.

=Pennsylvania

=public-address system 扩音装置,扩音机;有线广播

PA

1. PA PAs
A PA is the same as a personal assistant .
N-COUNT

2. PA PAs
If you refer to the PA or the PA system in a place, you are referring to the public address system.

- A voice came booming over the PA.

- Elvis comes on the coffee shop PA system.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

pace

[D.J.:peis]

[K.K.:pes]

vt. & vi.

踱步于, 走动

vt.

以步测量, 步测

为…定步速

n.

步速; 计划进度

一步, 步子

溜蹄, 步法

paced

[peist]

adj.

步调的,步伐的

pacing

起搏

pace ***

1. pace
The pace of something is the speed at which it happens or is done.

- Many people were not satisfied with the pace of change.

- ...people who prefer to live at a slower pace...

- They could not stand the pace or the workload.

- Interest rates would come down as the recovery gathered pace.

N-SING: usu with supp
= speed

2. pace
Your pace is the speed at which you walk.

- He moved at a brisk pace down the rue St Antoine.

- Their pace quickened as they approached their cars.

N-SING: usu with supp

3. pace paces
A pace is the distance that you move when you take one step.

- He'd only gone a few paces before he stopped again.

- I took a pace backwards.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. pace paces pacing paced
If you pace a small area, you keep walking up and down it, because you are anxious or impatient.

- As they waited, Kravis paced the room nervously.

- He found John pacing around the flat, unable to sleep.

- She stared as he paced and yelled.

VB

5. pace paces pacing paced
If you pace yourself when doing something, you do it at a steady rate.

- It was a tough race and I had to pace myself.

VB

6. pace
If something keeps pace with something else that is changing, it changes quickly in response to it.

- Farmers are angry because the rise fails to keep pace with inflation.

- ...a world changing far too fast for her to keep pace.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR with n
= keep up

7. pace
If you keep pace with someone who is walking or running, you succeed in going as fast as them, so that you remain close to them.

- With four laps to go, he kept pace with the leaders.

- Daisy strode alongside her, breathing heavily but keeping pace.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR with n
= keep up

8. pace
If you do something at your own pace , you do it at a speed that is comfortable for you.

- The computer will give students the opportunity to learn at their own pace.

- She was going too fast so I decided to keep riding at my own pace.

PHR: PHR after v
= at your own speed

9. pace
If you put someone through their paces or make them go through their paces , you get them to show you how well they can do something.

- The eleven boxers are in the hands of the British coach, who is putting them through their paces.

- A group of the world's best waterskiers will be going through their paces.

PHR: V inflects

paced

paced
If you talk about the way that something such as a film or book is paced , you are referring to the speed at which the story is told.

- This excellent thriller is fast paced and believable.

- ...good special effects and well-paced action.

ADJ: adv ADJ

pace

noun

1.

step

gait

stride

tread

walk

2.

speed

rate

tempo

velocity

verb

3.

stride

march

patrol

pound

pace out

4.

measure

count

mark out

step

pace out, pace off ***

pace out paces out; pacing out; paced out
If you pace out or pace off a distance, you measure it by walking from one end of it to the other.

- Nash saw Colin pace out the length of the field in which he had landed to ensure that he could fly safely out of it.

- I marked the ground and then paced it out to be sure.

PHR-V

pacemaker

[D.J.:ˈpeismeikə]

[K.K.:ˈpesˌmekɚ]

n.

领跑者,带头人,标兵,起搏器

pacemaker

1. pacemaker pacemakers
A pacemaker is a device that is placed inside someone's body in order to help their heart beat in the right way.

- She was fitted with a pacemaker after suffering serious heart trouble.

N-COUNT

2. pacemaker pacemakers
A pacemaker is a competitor in a race whose task is to start the race very quickly in order to help the other runners achieve a very fast time. Pacemakers usually stop before the race is finished.
N-COUNT

pacesetter

[D.J.:ˈpeɪsˌsetə]

[K.K.:ˈpesˌsɛtɚ]

n.

步调调整者,先导者

pacesetter

1. pacesetter pacesetters
A pacesetter is someone who is in the lead during part of a race or competition and therefore decides the speed or standard of the race or competition for that time.

- Real's victory keeps them five points behind the pacesetters, Barcelona.

- Hammond was the early pace-setter.

N-COUNT also pace-setter .

2. pacesetter pacesetters
A pacesetter is a person or a company that is considered to be the leader in a particular field or activity.

- Mongolia seemed an unlikely candidate as the pacesetter for political change in Asia.

N-COUNT also pace-setter .

pachyderm

[D.J.:ˈpækɪˌdɜ:m]

[K.K.:ˈpækɪˌdə..m]

n.

大的厚皮动物(如象和犀牛)

<喻>厚脸皮的人; 麻木不仁的人; 迟钝的人

pachydermatous

adj.

pachydermatous

[D.J.:ˌpækiˈdə:mətəs]

[K.K.:ˌpækɪˈdɚmətəs]

adj.

厚皮类动物的,迟钝的

pachyderm

pachyderm pachyderms
A pachyderm is a large thick-skinned animal such as an elephant or rhinoceros. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

pacific

[D.J.:pəˈsɪfɪk]

[K.K.:pəˈsɪfɪk]

adj.

和平的, 爱好和平的;平静的

pacific

pacific
A pacific person, country, or course of action is peaceful or has the aim of bringing about peace. (FORMAL)

- The Liberals were traditionally seen as the more pacific party.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= peaceable ≠ belligerent

Pacific

[D.J.:pəˈsɪfɪk]

[K.K.:pəˈsɪfɪk]

n.

太平洋

adj.

太平洋的

Pacific ***

1. Pacific
The Pacific or the Pacific Ocean is a very large sea to the west of North and South America, and to the east of Asia and Australia.

- ...an island in the Pacific.

N-PROPER: the N

2. Pacific
Pacific is used to describe things that are in or that relate to the Pacific Ocean.

- ...the tiny Pacific island of Pohnpei.

ADJ: ADJ n

pacifier

[D.J.:ˈpæsəˌfaɪə]

[K.K.:ˈpæsəˌfaɪɚ]

n.

<美>橡皮奶头;安抚奶嘴

镇静剂;镇静物

pacifier

pacifier pacifiers
A pacifier is a rubber or plastic object that you give to a baby to suck so that he or she feels comforted. (AM; in BRIT use dummy )
N-COUNT

pacifism

[D.J.:ˈpæsəˌfɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈpæsəˌfɪzəm]

n.

和平主义,反战主义

pacifism

pacifism
Pacifism is the belief that war and violence are always wrong.
N-UNCOUNT

pacifist

[D.J.:ˈpæsɪfɪst]

n.

和平主义者,反战主义者

pacifist *

1. pacifist pacifists
A pacifist is someone who believes that violence is wrong and refuses to take part in wars.
N-COUNT

2. pacifist
If someone has pacifist views, they believe that war and violence are always wrong.
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

pacifist

noun

peace lover

conscientious objector

dove

pacification

[D.J.:ˌpæsəfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌpæsəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

平定;绥靖

和解;讲和

pacify

[D.J.:ˈpæsəˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpæsəˌfaɪ]

vt.

使(某人)安静, 息怒;抚慰

在(有战争的地区、国家等)实现和平

pacify *

1. pacify pacifies pacifying pacified
If you pacify someone who is angry, upset, or not pleased, you succeed in making them calm or pleased.

- Is this a serious step, or is this just something to pacify the critics?.

- She shrieked again, refusing to be pacified.

VB
= placate

2. pacify pacifies pacifying pacified
If the army or the police pacify a group of people, they use force to overcome their resistance or protests.

- Government forces have found it difficult to pacify the rebels.

- They were eventually pacified by officers of the local police.

VB

3. pacification

- ...the pacification of the country.

N-UNCOUNT

pacify

verb

calm

allay

appease

assuage

mollify

placate

propitiate

soothe

pack

[D.J.:pæk]

[K.K.:pæk]

n.

包裹; 背包

小纸盒, 小纸包

一群; 一伙; 一堆

(纸牌的)一副

vt. & vi.

(把…)打包, 收拾行李

塞进; 拥进

(使)聚集成团

vt.

装罐

把…裹起来

携带; 装备有

挑选…使之偏袒自己

packed

[D.J.:pækt]

[K.K.:pækt]

adj.

①异常拥挤的;挤满人的

有大量…的;…极多的

紧密地压在一起

<非正>收拾好行李

packed (together) like sardines

挤得像沙丁鱼罐头一样；拥挤不堪

packing

[D.J.:ˈpækɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpækɪŋ]

n.

(货物)包装, 包装法

包装材料

send sb packing

撵某人走；叫某人卷铺盖走人

pack ****

1. pack packs packing packed
When you pack a bag, you put clothes and other things into it, because you are leaving a place or going on holiday.

- When I was 17, I packed my bags and left home.

- I decided to pack a few things and take the kids to my Mum's.

- I packed and said goodbye to Charlie.

VB

2. packing

- She left Frances to finish her packing.

N-UNCOUNT

3. pack packs packing packed
When people pack things, for example in a factory, they put them into containers or parcels so that they can be transported and sold.

- They offered me a job packing goods in a warehouse.

- Machines now exist to pack olives in jars.

- ...sardines packed in oil.

VB

4. packing

- His onions cost 9p a lb wholesale; packing and transport costs 10p.

N-UNCOUNT

5. pack packs packing packed
If people or things pack into a place or if they pack a place, there are so many of them that the place is full.

- Hundreds of thousands of people packed into the mosque.

- Seventy thousand people will pack the stadium.

VB
= cram

6. pack packs
A pack of things is a collection of them that is sold or given together in a box or bag.

- The club will send a free information pack.

- ...a pack of cigarettes...

- She read the back of the pack and said it had the same ingredients.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

7. pack packs
A pack is a bag containing your possessions that you carry on your back when you are travelling.

- I hid the money in my pack.

N-COUNT
= rucksack backpack

8. pack packs
You can refer to a group of people who go around together as a pack , especially when it is a large group that you feel threatened by.

- He thus avoided a pack of journalists eager to question him.

- Sal was the leader of the pack.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= gang

9. pack packs
A pack of wolves or dogs is a group of them that hunt together.
N-COUNT: oft N of n

10. pack packs
A pack of playing cards is a complete set of playing cards. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use deck )

- ...a pack of cards.

- ...shuffle the pack.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

11. pack packs packing packed
If someone packs a gun, they carry it. (INFORMAL)

- ...eight bodyguards, at least one of them packing a pistol.

VB
= carry

12. pack packs packing packed
If someone packs a jury, committee, or meeting, they make sure that it includes people who support them.

- Opposition parties have boycotted the proceedings, saying the government has packed the conference with its own supporters.

- John Major will not try to pack the House of Lords.

VB

13. pack
If you say that an account is a pack of lies , you mean that it is completely untrue.

- You told me a pack of lies.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

14. pack
If something packs a punch , it has a very powerful effect.

- W. Somerset Maugham's novel still packs an emotional punch.

- ...drinks that pack a punch.

PHR: V inflects

15. pack
If you send someone packing , you make them go away. (INFORMAL)

- I decided I wanted to live alone and I sent him packing.

PHR: V inflects

16. pack
You can say that someone is ahead of the pack or leading the pack if they are ahead of everyone else in a race or competition.

- The Socialists may still finish ahead of the pack.

- Europe has got used to following rather than leading the pack.

PHR

pack in ****

1. pack in packs in; packing in; packed in
If you pack something in , you stop doing it. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I'd just packed in a job the day before.

- Pack it in. Stop being spiteful.

PHR-V
= give up

2. pack packs in; packing in; packed in
If a play, film or event packs them in , lots of people go to see it. (INFORMAL)

- Prison authorities concentrate too much on packing in as many inmates as possible.

- It's kind of a referendum, though a lot of issues are packed in.

- `Blow your head!' is still packing them in at Camden's Jazz Caf´e every Friday night.

PHR: V inflects

packed **

1. packed
A place that is packed is very crowded.

- From 3.30 until 7pm, the shop is packed.

- ...a packed meeting at Westminster...

- The streets were packed with men, women and children.

ADJ-GRADED

2. packed
Something that is packed with things contains a very large number of them.

- The Encyclopedia is packed with clear illustrations and over 250 recipes.

- Fish and chips are packed with protein.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with n

packing **

packing
Packing is the paper, plastic, or other material which is put round things that are being sent somewhere.
N-UNCOUNT
See also pack .

pack

verb

1.

package

bundle

load

store

stow

2.

cram

compress

crowd

fill

jam

press

ram

stuff

pack off

3.

send away

dismiss

send packing informal

noun

4.

bundle

back pack

burden

kitbag

knapsack

load

parcel

rucksack

5.

packet

package

6.

group

band

bunch

company

crowd

flock

gang

herd

mob

troop

pack in

verb Brit. informal

stop

cease

chuck informal

give up or over

kick informal

packed

adjective

full

chock-a-block

chock-full

crammed

crowded

filled

jammed

jam-packed

pack into ****

1. pack into packs into; packing into; packed into
If someone packs a lot of something into a limited space or time, they fit a lot into it.

- ...packing more events or tasks into less time...

- I have tried to pack a good deal into a few words.

PHR-V
= cram into

2. pack into packs into; packing into; packed into
If people or things are packed into a place, so many of them are put in there that the place becomes very full.

- Some 700 people were packed into a hotel room.

PHR-V: usu passive
= cram into

pack off ****

pack off packs off; packing off; packed off
If you pack someone off somewhere, you send them there to stay for a period of time. (INFORMAL)

- Malcolm packed off Vivienne and the two children to stay in a caravan somewhere in Wales.

- I finally succeeded in packing her off to bed.

PHR-V

pack up ****

1. pack up packs up; packing up; packed up
If you pack up or if you pack up your things, you put your possessions or the things you have been using in a case or bag, because you are leaving.

- They packed up and went home.

- He began packing up his things.

PHR-V

2. pack up packs up; packing up; packed up
If a machine or a part of the body packs up , it stops working. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- In the end it was his stomach and lungs that packed up.

- Our car packed up.

PHR-V

pack up

verb

1.

put away

store

2.

stop

finish

give up

pack in Brit. informal

3.

break down

conk out informal

fail

package

[D.J.:ˈpækidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈpækɪdʒ]

vt.

把…包成一包

包装

n.

包, 包裹, 包在一起的东西

一整套东西, 一揽子交易

packaged

成套

packaging

[D.J.:ˈpækədʒɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpækədʒɪŋ]

n.

包装材料;包装材料的设计和生产

package ****

1. package packages
A package is a small parcel.

- I tore open the package.

- ...a package addressed to Miss Claire Montgomery.

N-COUNT

2. package packages
A package is a small container in which a quantity of something is sold. Packages are either small boxes made of thin cardboard, or bags or envelopes made of paper or plastic. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use packet )

- ...a package of doughnuts...

- It is listed among the ingredients on the package.

N-COUNT

3. package packages
A package is a set of proposals that are made by a government or organization and which must be accepted or rejected as a group.

- The government has announced a package of measures to help the British film industry.

- They are putting together a Western economic aid package for Moscow.

N-COUNT

4. package packages packaging packaged
When a product is packaged , it is put into containers to be sold.

- The beans are then ground and packaged for sale as ground coffee.

- Most packaged foods have to show a list of ingredients in order of weight.

VB: usu passive

5. package packages packaging packaged
If something is packaged in a particular way, it is presented or advertised in that way in order to make it seem attractive or interesting.

- A city is like any product, it has to be packaged properly to be attractive to the consumer.

- ...entertainment packaged as information.

VB: usu passive

6. package packages
A package tour, or in British English a package holiday, is a holiday arranged by a travel company in which your travel and your accommodation are booked for you.

- If you are on a package holiday, your travel company's rep should act on your behalf.

N-COUNT: usu N n

packaging **

packaging
Packaging is the container or covering that something is sold in.

- It is selling very well, in part because the packaging is so attractive.

- ...layers of expensive, wasteful packaging.

N-UNCOUNT

package

noun

1.

parcel

box

carton

container

packet

2.

unit

combination

whole

verb

3.

pack

box

parcel (up)

wrap

package deal

package deal package deals
A package deal is a set of offers or proposals which is made by a government or an organization, and which must be accepted or rejected as a whole.
N-COUNT: usu sing

pack animal

pack animal pack animals
A pack animal is an animal such as a horse or donkey that is used to carry things on journeys.
N-COUNT

packed lunch

packed lunch packed lunches
A packed lunch is food, for example sandwiches, which you take to work, to school, or on a trip and eat as your lunch. (BRIT; in AM use box lunch )
N-COUNT

packed out

packed out
If a place is packed out , it is very full of people. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use packed )

- There are 350 cinemas in Paris and most are packed out.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

packer

[D.J.:ˈpækə]

[K.K.:ˈpækɚ]

n.

包装工人,包装公司,包装机

packer *

packer packers
A packer is a worker whose job is to pack things into containers.

- Norma Jones worked as a packer in a local chemical factory.

N-COUNT

packet

[D.J.:ˈpækit]

[K.K.:ˈpækɪt]

n.

小包, 小盒; 小包裹

大笔款项

邮船, 班轮

packet **

1. packet packets
A packet is a small container in which a quantity of something is sold. Packets are either small boxes made of thin cardboard, or bags or envelopes made of paper or plastic. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use pack or package )

- Cook the rice according to instructions on the packet.

- We gave her our phone number on the back of a cigarette packet.

N-COUNT
= pack

2. packet packets
A packet of something is an amount of it contained in a packet.

- He had smoked half a packet of cigarettes.

- Elinor bought her a packet of biscuits.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= pack

3. packet packets
A packet is a small flat parcel. (mainly BRIT)

- ...to send letters and packets abroad.

- ...a packet of photographs.

N-COUNT

4. packet
You can refer to a lot of money as a packet . (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use bundle )

- It'll cost you a packet.

- You could save yourself a packet.

- Someone's making a packet out of it.

N-SING: a N
= fortune

packet

noun

1.

package

bag

carton

container

parcel

2.

fortune

bomb Brit. slang

king's ransom informal

pile informal

small fortune

tidy sum informal

packet switching

packet switching
Packet-switching is a method of sending computer data on telephone lines which automatically divides the data into short pieces in order to send it and puts it together again when it is received. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT also packet-switching

pack ice

pack ice
Pack ice is an area of ice that is floating on the sea. It is made up of pieces of ice that have been pushed together.
N-UNCOUNT

packing box

packing box packing boxes
A packing box is the same as a packing case . (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

packing case

packing case packing cases
A packing case is a large wooden box in which things are put so that they can be stored or taken somewhere. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use packing box )
N-COUNT
= tea chest

packing house

packing house packing houses
A packing house is a company that processes and packs food, especially meat, to be sold. (AM)
N-COUNT

pact

[D.J.:pækt]

[K.K.:pækt]

n.

条约, 协定, 协议

pact ***

pact pacts
A pact is a formal agreement between two or more people, organizations, or governments to do a particular thing or to help each other.

- Last month he signed a new non-aggression pact with Germany.

- The other two opposition parties cannot agree on an electoral pact between themselves.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

pact

noun Informal

agreement

alliance

bargain

covenant

deal

treaty

understanding

pacy

1. pacy pacier paciest
You use pacy to describe someone, especially a sports player, who has the ability to move very quickly. (BRIT)

- ...United's pacey new striker.

ADJ-GRADED also pacey

2. pacy pacier paciest
If you describe a story or a film as pacy , you mean that it is exciting because the events happen very quickly one after another.(BRIT)

- Set in contemporary Dublin, this pacy thriller features kidnapping, mayhem and murder.

ADJ-GRADED also pacey

pad

[pæd]

vt.

给…装衬垫, 加垫子

vi.

步行, 放轻脚步走

n.

垫, 护垫

便笺本, 拍纸簿

肉趾, 肉垫

发射台

住所, 房间, 公寓

padded

[ˈpædid]

adj.

(服装)有衬里的; 带衬垫的

padding

[D.J.:ˈpædiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpædɪŋ]

n.

衬料; 衬垫

赘语; 废话; 凑篇幅的文字

pad **

1. pad pads
A pad is a fairly thick, flat piece of a material such as cloth or rubber. Pads are used, for example, to clean things, to protect things, or to change their shape.

- He withdrew the needle and placed a pad of cotton-wool over the spot.

- ...a scouring pad.

- ...a flowered dress with shoulder pads.

N-COUNT

2. pad pads
A pad of paper is a number of pieces of paper which are fixed together along the top or the side, so that each piece can be torn off when it has been used.

- She wrote on a pad of paper.

- Have a pad and pencil ready and jot down some of your thoughts.

- `Here's your ticket,' he said, and he tore it off the pad.

N-COUNT

3. pad pads padding padded
When someone pads somewhere, they walk there with steps that are fairly quick, light, and quiet.

- Freddy speaks very quietly and pads around in soft velvet slippers.

- ...a dog padding through the streets...

- Kissinger rages as he pads the corridors.

VB

4. pad pads
A pad is a platform or an area of flat, hard ground where helicopters take off and land or rockets are launched.

- ...a little round helicopter pad.

- ...a landing pad on the back of the ship...

- Journalists report seeing a fire on the pad after the launch.

N-COUNT
See also launch pad .

5. pad pads
People can refer to the place where they live as their pad , especially if it is a flat. (INFORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED)

- I moved on round the big house to reach my pad.

- It wouldn't have occurred to me to get myself a bachelor pad.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu poss N

6. pad pads
The pads of a person's fingers and toes or of an animal's feet are the soft, fleshy parts of them.

- Tap your cheeks all over with the pads of your fingers.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu N of n

7. pad pads padding padded
If you pad something, you put something soft in it or over it in order to make it less hard, to protect it, or to give it a different shape.

- Pad the back of a car seat with a pillow.

- I can tell you I always padded my bras.

VB

8. padded

- ...a padded jacket.

- ...back-rests padded with camel's wool.

ADJ

padding

1. padding
Padding is soft material which is put on something or inside it in order to make it less hard, to protect it, or to give it a different shape.

- ...the foam rubber padding on the headphones...

- Players must wear padding to protect them from injury.

- ...the fat on our bodies, which acts as padding.

N-UNCOUNT

2. padding
Padding is unnecessary words or information used to make a piece of writing or a speech longer.

- Of the sonnet eleven of the lines are mere padding and say nothing.

- ...the kind of subject that politicians put in their speeches for a bit of padding.

N-UNCOUNT

pad

noun

1.

cushion

buffer

protection

stuffing

wad

2.

notepad

block

jotter

writing pad

3.

paw

foot

sole

4.

home

apartment

flat

place

verb

5.

pack

cushion

fill

protect

stuff

pad out

6.

lengthen

elaborate

fill out

flesh out

protract

spin out

stretch

pad

verb Slang

sneak

creep

go barefoot

steal

padding

noun

1.

filling

packing

stuffing

wadding

2.

waffle informal chiefly Brit.

hot air informal

verbiage

verbosity

wordiness

pad out **

pad out pads out; padding out; padded out
If you pad out a piece of writing or a speech with unnecessary words or pieces of information, you include them in it to make it longer and hide the fact that you have not got very much to say.

- The reviewer padded out his review with a lengthy biography of the author.

- If I wanted to pad out my sermon a little, I might offer my congregation one of my favourite quotations.

PHR-V

padded cell

padded cell padded cells
A padded cell is a small room with padded walls in a mental hospital or prison, where a person who may behave violently can be put so that they do not hurt themselves.
N-COUNT

paddle

[D.J.:ˈpædl]

[K.K.:ˈpædl..]

n.

短桨

桨状物

划船, 荡桨

vi.

用桨划, 划小船

涉水, 玩水

paddling

[D.J.:ˈpædlɪŋ, ˈpædlɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpædlɪŋ, ˈpædlɪŋ]

划动

paddle *

1. paddle paddles
A paddle is a short pole with a wide flat part at one end or at both ends. You hold it in your hands and use it as an oar to move a small boat through water.

- We might be able to push ourselves across with the paddle.

- ...a piece of driftwood which he used as a paddle.

N-COUNT

2. paddle paddles paddling paddled
If you paddle a boat, you move it through water using a paddle.

- ...the skills you will use to paddle the canoe.

- ...paddling around the South Pacific in a kayak.

VB

3. paddle paddles paddling paddled
If you paddle , you walk or stand in shallow water, for example at the edge of the sea, for pleasure.

- Wear sandals when you paddle.

- ...a lovely little stream that you can paddle in.

VB

4. paddle
Also a noun.

- Ruth enjoyed her paddle.

N-SING

paddle

noun

1.

oar

scull

verb

2.

row

propel

pull

scull

paddle

verb

1.

wade

slop

splash (about)

2.

dabble

stir

paddle boat

paddle boat paddle boats
A paddle boat or a paddle steamer is a large boat that is pushed through the water by the movement of large wheels that are attached to its sides.
N-COUNT

paddling pool

paddling pool paddling pools
A paddling pool is a shallow artificial pool for children to paddle in. (BRIT; in AM use wading pool )
N-COUNT

paddock

[D.J.:ˈpædək]

[K.K.:ˈpædək]

n.

(放牧或驯马的)小围场

(准备参赛的马或车的)检阅场

paddock *

1. paddock paddocks
A paddock is a small field where horses are kept.

- The family kept horses in the paddock in front of the house.

N-COUNT

2. paddock paddocks
In horse racing or motor racing, the paddock is the place where the horses or cars are kept just before each race.
N-COUNT

paddy

[D.J.:ˈpædi]

[K.K.:ˈpædi]

n.

稻,谷,〈俚〉爱尔兰人,警察,〈英口〉狂怒,大怒

paddy *

1. paddy paddies
A paddy or a paddy field is a field that is kept flooded with water and is used for growing rice.

- ...the paddy fields of China.

N-COUNT

2. paddy
A Paddy is an Irishman. This use could cause offence. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT; N-VOC

padlock

[D.J.:ˈpædˌlɔk]

[K.K.:ˈpædˌlɑk]

n.

挂锁,扣锁

vt.

(用挂锁)锁上

padlocked

〈美〉(剧院等)奉当局命令关掉的

padlocking

加锁

padlock

1. padlock padlocks
A padlock is a lock which is used for fastening two things together. It consists of a block of metal with a U-shaped bar attached to it. One end of the bar is released by turning a key in the lock.

- They had put a padlock on the door of his flat.

N-COUNT

2. padlock padlocks padlocking padlocked
If you padlock something, you lock it or fasten it to something else using a padlock.

- Eddie parked his cycle against a lamp post and padlocked it.

- An old mailbox has been padlocked shut.

VB

padre

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:dri]

[K.K.:ˈpɑdre, -dri]

n.

教士,〈俚〉随军牧师

padre

padre
A padre is a Christian priest, especially one who works with the armed forces. (INFORMAL)

- Could I speak to you in private a moment, padre.

N-COUNT; N-VOC

paean

[D.J.:ˈpi:ən]

[K.K.:ˈpiən]

n.

赞歌,凯歌

paean

paean paeans
A paean is a piece of music, writing, or film that expresses praise, admiration, or happiness. (LITERARY)

- ...a paean to deep, passionate love.

N-COUNT: usu N to n
= eulogy

paediatrician

[ˌpi:diəˈtriʃən]

n.

儿科医师

paediatrician

paediatrician paediatricians
A paediatrician is a doctor who specializes in treating sick children.
N-COUNT (AM) pediatrician

paediatrics

[ˌpi:diˈætriks]

n.

儿科学

paediatrics

paediatrics
Paediatrics is the area of medicine that is concerned with the treatment of children's illnesses.
N-UNCOUNT The spelling pediatrics is used in American English. The form paediatric is used as a modifier.

paedophile

n.

恋童癖者

paedophile

paedophile paedophiles
A paedophile is a person, usually a man, who is sexually attracted to children.
N-COUNT (AM) pedophile

paedophilia

[ˌpi:dəˈfiliə]

n.

恋童癖

paedophilia

paedophilia
Paedophilia is sexual activity with children or the condition of being sexually attracted to children.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) pedophilia

paella

[D.J.:pɑ:ˈelə]

[K.K.:pɑˈɛlə, pɑˈeljɑ, -ˈejɑ]

n.

(西班牙)肉菜饭

paella

paella paellas
Paella is a dish cooked especially in Spain, which consists of rice mixed with small pieces of vegetables, fish, and chicken.
N-VAR

pagan

[D.J.:ˈpeɪgən]

[K.K.:ˈpeɡən]

n.

异教徒, 非基督教徒

adj.

异教徒的, 无宗教信仰的

pagan **

1. pagan
Pagan beliefs and activities do not belong to any of the main religions of the world and take nature and a belief in many gods as a basis. They are older, or are believed to be older, than other religions.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. pagan pagans
In former times, pagans were people who did not believe in Christianity and who many Christians considered to be inferior people.

- The new religion was eager to convert the pagan world.

- ...female saints who took vows of virginity rather than submit to an undesired marriage with a pagan.

N-COUNT: oft N n
= heathen ≠ Christian

pagan

adjective

1.

heathen

idolatrous

infidel

polytheistic

noun

2.

heathen

idolater

infidel

polytheist

paganism

[D.J.:ˈpeɪ gənɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈpeɡənˌɪzəm]

n.

信奉异教;不信教

异教徒的信仰和实践

paganism

paganism
Paganism is pagan beliefs and activities.

- The country swayed precariously between Christianity and paganism.

N-UNCOUNT

page

[D.J.:peidʒ]

[K.K.:pedʒ]

n.

页; 张

〈文〉重要事件

vt.

标记…的页数; 翻页

喊出名字以寻找

paging

[D.J.:ˈpeidʒiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpedʒɪŋ]

n.

内存分页,页面调度

page *****

1. page pages
A page is one side of one of the pieces of paper in a book, magazine, or newspaper. Each page usually has a number printed at the top or bottom.

- Where's your book? Take it out and turn to page 4.

- ...the front page of the Guardian.

- ...1,400 pages of top-secret information.

N-COUNT: oft N num

2. page pages
The pages of a book, magazine, or newspaper are the pieces of paper it consists of.

- He turned the pages of his notebook.

- Over the page you can read all about the six great books on offer.

N-COUNT

3. page pages
You can refer to an important event or period of time as a page of history. (LITERARY)

- ...a new page in the country's political history.

N-COUNT: with supp

4. page pages paging paged
If someone who is in a public place is paged , they receive a message, often over a speaker, telling them that someone is trying to contact them.

- He was paged repeatedly as the flight was boarding.

- I'll have them paged and tell them you're here.

VB

5. page pages
A page is a small boy who accompanies the bride at a wedding. (mainly AM; in BRIT use pageboy )
N-COUNT

6. page pages
A page is a young person who takes messages or does small jobs for members of the United States Congress or state legislatures. (AM)
N-COUNT

7. page pages
In former times, a page was a young boy who was a knight's servant and was learning to be a knight.
N-COUNT: oft poss N

page

noun

folio

leaf

sheet

side

page

noun

1.

attendant

pageboy

servant

squire

verb

2.

call

send for

summon

pageant

[D.J.:ˈpædʒənt]

[K.K.:ˈpædʒənt]

n.

盛装的游行,壮丽的场面,伟观

pageant *

1. pageant pageants
A pageant is a colourful public procession, show, or ceremony. Pageants are usually held out of doors and often celebrate events or people from history.
N-COUNT

2. pageant pageants
A pageant or a beauty pageant is a competition in which young women are judged to decide which one is the most beautiful.

- In August 1968 women held a demonstration at the Miss America Beauty Pageant.

N-COUNT

pageant

noun

show

display

parade

procession

spectacle

tableau

pageantry

[D.J.:ˈpædʒəntri:]

[K.K.:ˈpædʒəntri]

n.

壮丽的展示,盛况;正规庆典的传统特征

pageantry

pageantry
People use pageantry to refer to the colourful and formal things that are done for special official or royal occasions, for example the wearing of special clothes and the playing of special music.

- He was greeted with all the pageantry of an official state visit.

N-UNCOUNT

pageantry

noun

spectacle

display

grandeur

parade

pomp

show

splendour

theatricality

pageboy

[D.J.:ˈpeɪdʒˌbɔɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpedʒˌbɔɪ]

n.

头发内卷,小听差

pageboy

1. pageboy pageboys
A pageboy is a small boy who accompanies the bride at a wedding. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use page )
N-COUNT also page-boy .

2. pageboy
A pageboy or a pageboy hairstyle is a hairstyle in which all the hair is smooth and the same medium length and the ends are curled under.
N-SING also page-boy .

pager

[D.J.:ˈpeɪdʒə]

[K.K.:ˈpedʒɚ]

n.

寻呼机

pager

pager pagers
A pager is a small electronic device which you can carry around with you and which gives you a number or a message when someone is trying to contact you. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use beeper )
N-COUNT

pagoda

[D.J.:pəˈgəʊdə]

[K.K.:pəˈɡodə]

n.

塔, 宝塔

pagoda

pagoda pagodas
A pagoda is a tall building which is used for religious purposes, especially by Buddhists, in China, Japan, and South-East Asia. Pagodas are usually very highly decorated.
N-COUNT

pah

[D.J.:pɑ:]

[K.K.:pɑ]

int.

表示轻蔑,不快的感叹词

pah

pah
Pah is used in writing to represent the sound someone makes when showing disgust or contempt.
EXCLAM

paid

[D.J.:peɪd]

[K.K.:ped]

pay的过去式和过去分词

adj.

有报酬的;领取报酬的;领钱的

(不工作期间)带薪水的,支取薪水的

put paid to sth

了结；结束；使成为泡影

pay

[D.J.:pei]

[K.K.:pe]

vt. & vi.

付给; 付款

有利可图; (对…)有利, (对…)值得

vt.

给予

n.

工资

paying

[ˈpeiiŋ]

adj.

支付的,有利的

n.

付,支付

paid **

1. Paid is the past tense and past participle of pay .

2. paid
Paid workers, or people who do paid work, receive money for the work that they do.

- Apart from a small team of paid staff, the organisation consists of unpaid volunteers.

- ...tourist visas, which prohibit paid work.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ unpaid

3. paid
If you are given paid holiday, you get your wages or salary even though you are not at work.

- ...10 days' paid holiday for house hunting...

- He has been placed on a paid leave of absence while investigations are made.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. paid
If you are well paid , you receive a lot of money for the work that you do. If you are badly paid , you do not receive much money.

- ...a well-paid accountant...

- Travel and tourism employees in the UK are among the worst paid in the developed world.

- Fruit-picking is boring, badly paid and very hard work.

ADJ: adv ADJ

5. paid
If an unexpected event puts paid to someone's hopes, chances, or plans, it completely ends or destroys them. (mainly BRIT)

- ...a series of airforce strikes that put paid to the General's hopes of fighting on...

- Only six months ago I ran my own business. The recession put paid to that.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

pay *****

1. pay pays paying paid
When you pay an amount of money to someone, you give it to them because you are buying something from them or because you owe it to them. When you pay something such as a bill or a debt, you pay the amount that you owe.

- Accommodation is free -- all you pay for is breakfast and dinner.

- We paid £35 for each ticket.

- The wealthier may have to pay a little more in taxes.

- He proposes that businesses should pay taxes to the federal government.

- You can pay by credit card.

VB

2. pay pays paying paid
When you are paid , you get your wages or salary from your employer.

- The lawyer was paid a huge salary.

- I get paid monthly.

- They could wander where they wished and take jobs from who paid best.

VB

3. pay
Your pay is the money that you get from your employer as wages or salary.

- ...their complaints about their pay and conditions.

- ...the workers' demand for a twenty per cent pay rise.

N-UNCOUNT

4. pay pays paying paid
If you are paid to do something, someone gives you some money so that you will help them or perform some service for them.

- Students were paid substantial sums of money to do nothing all day but lie in bed.

- If you help me, I'll pay you anything.

VB

5. pay pays paying paid
If a government or organization makes someone pay for something, it makes them responsible for providing the money for it, for example by increasing prices or taxes.

- ...a legally binding international treaty that establishes who must pay for environmental damage...

- If you don't subsidize things like ballet and opera it means that seat prices are going to have to go up to pay for it.

VB

6. pay pays paying paid
If a job, deal, or investment pays a particular amount, it brings you that amount of money.

- We're stuck in jobs that don't pay very well.

- The account does not pay interest on a credit balance.

VB

7. pay pays paying paid
If a job, deal, or investment pays , it brings you a profit or earns you some money.

- There are some agencies now specialising in helping older people to find jobs which pay.

- They owned land; they made it pay.

VB

8. pay pays paying paid
When you pay money into a bank account, you put the money in the account.

- He paid £20 into his savings account.

- There is nothing more annoying than queueing when you only want to pay in a few cheques.

VB

9. pay pays paying paid
If a course of action pays , it results in some advantage or benefit for you.

- It pays to invest in protective clothing.

- He talked of defending small nations, of ensuring that aggression does not pay.

VB

10. pay pays paying paid
If you pay for something that you do or have, you suffer as a result of it.

- Britain was to pay dearly for its lack of resolve.

- Why should I pay the penalty for somebody else's mistake?.

- She feels it's a small price to pay for the pleasure of living in this delightful house.

VB

11. pay pays paying paid
You use pay with some nouns, for example in the expressions pay a visit and pay attention , to indicate that something is given or done.

- Do pay us a visit next time you're in Birmingham.

- He felt a heavy bump, but paid no attention to it.

- He had nothing to do with arranging the funeral, but came along to pay his last respects.

VB

12. pay
Pay television consists of programmes and channels which are not part of a public broadcasting system, and for which people have to pay.

- The company has set up joint-venture pay-TV channels in Belgium, Spain, and Germany.

ADJ: ADJ n

13. pay
If something that you buy or invest in pays for itself after a period of time, the money you gain from it, or save because you have it, is greater than the amount you originally spent or invested.

- ...investments in energy efficiency that would pay for themselves within five years.

PHR: V inflects

14. pay
If you say that someone is in the pay of a certain person or group, you disapprove of the fact that they are being paid by and are working for that person or group, often secretly or illegally.

- He was murdered at a presidential rally by gunmen in the pay of drug traffickers.

PHR: PHR n disapproval

15. pay
If you pay your way , you have or earn enough money to pay for what you need, without needing other people to give or lend you money.

- I went to college anyway, as a part-time student, paying my own way.

- The British film industry could not pay its way without a substantial export market.

PHR: V inflects

pay

verb

1.

reimburse

compensate

give

recompense

remit

remunerate

requite

reward

settle

2.

give

bestow

extend

grant

hand out

present

3.

benefit

be worthwhile

repay

4.

be profitable

make a return

make money

5.

yield

bring in

produce

return

noun

6.

wages

allowance

earnings

fee

income

payment

recompense

reimbursement

remuneration

reward

salary

stipend

paid-up

adj.

已付的

paid-up *

1. paid-up
If a person or country is a paid-up member of a group, they are an enthusiastic member or are recognized by most people as being a member of it.

- ...our future as an independent nation lies as a fully paid-up member of Europe.

ADJ: ADJ n also paid up .

2. paid-up
If someone is a paid-up member of a political party or other organization, they have paid the money needed to become an official member.

- ...a fully paid-up member of the Labour Party.

ADJ: ADJ n also paid up .

pail

[D.J.:peɪl]

[K.K.:pel]

n.

桶, 木桶, 铁桶

pail

pail pails
A pail is a bucket, usually made of metal or wood. (mainly AM; ALSO BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

pain

[D.J.:pein]

[K.K.:pen]

n.

痛苦

身体某部分的疼痛[不适]

令人厌烦的人[事物]

劳苦, 辛劳, 烦劳

vt. & vi.

(使)疼痛; (使)痛苦; 伤害

pained

[D.J.:peɪnd]

adj.

显示痛苦〔难过、苦恼〕的

pain ****

1. pain pains
If you are in pain , you feel pain in a part of your body, because you are injured or ill.

- ...back pain.

- ...a bone disease that caused excruciating pain...

- To help ease the pain, heat can be applied to the area with a hot water bottle.

- I felt a sharp pain in my lower back.

- The illness began with a nagging pain.

- ...chest pains.

- She was writhing in pain, bathed in perspiration.

PHR: PHR after v

2. pain
Pain is the feeling of unhappiness that you have when something unpleasant or upsetting happens.

- ...grey eyes that seemed filled with pain.

N-UNCOUNT
= anguish

3. pain pains pained
If a fact or idea pains you, it makes you feel upset and disappointed.

- This public acknowledgment of Ted's disability pained my mother.

- It pains me to think of you struggling all alone.

VB: no cont

4. pain
In informal English, if you call someone or something a pain or a pain in the neck , you mean that they are very annoying or irritating. Expressions such as a pain in the arse and a pain in the backside in British English, or a pain in the ass and a pain in the butt in American English, are also used, but most people consider them offensive. (INFORMAL)
PHR: pain inflects, v-link PHR, PHR to-inf disapproval

5. pain
If someone is at pains to do something, they are very eager and anxious to do it, especially because they want to avoid a difficult situation.

- Mobil is at pains to point out that the chances of an explosion at the site are remote.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to-inf
= anxious

6. pain
You say that something was all you got for your pains when you are mentioning the disappointing result of situation into which you put a lot of work or effort.

- All Corfield got for his pains was a bullet in the head.

- The Professor lavished his learning on the young visitor but gained little gratitude for his pains.

PHR: PHR with cl

7. pain
If someone is ordered not to do something on pain of or under pain of death, imprisonment, or arrest, they will be killed, put in prison, or arrested if they do it.

- We were forbidden, under pain of imprisonment, to use our native language.

PHR-PREP

8. pain
If you take pains to do something or go to great pains to do something, you try hard to do it, because you think it is important to do it.

- Social workers went to great pains to acknowledge men's domestic rights.

- I had taken great pains with my appearance.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to-inf
= go to great lengths

pained *

pained
If you have a pained expression or look, you look upset, worried, or slightly annoyed.
ADJ-GRADED

pain

noun

1.

hurt

ache

discomfort

irritation

pang

soreness

tenderness

throb

twinge

2.

suffering

agony

anguish

distress

heartache

misery

torment

torture

verb

3.

hurt

smart

sting

throb

4.

distress

agonize

cut to the quick

grieve

hurt

sadden

torment

torture

pained

adjective

distressed

aggrieved

hurt

injured

offended

upset

wounded

pains

plural noun

trouble

bother

care

diligence

effort

pain barrier

pain barrier
If you say that a sports player has gone through the pain barrier , you mean that he or she is continuing to make a great effort in spite of being injured or exhausted. (BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- England's World Cup hero is determined to play through the pain barrier.

N-SING: the N

painful

[D.J.:ˈpeinful]

[K.K.:ˈpenfəl]

adj.

痛苦的, (肉体)疼的

费力的, 伤脑筋的, 棘手的

painfully

[D.J.:ˈpeɪnfəlɪ]

adv.

①非常;令人痛苦地;令人烦恼地;令人苦恼地;使人疼痛地

吃力地;艰难地

painful ***

1. painful
If a part of your body is painful , it hurts because it is injured or because there is something wrong with it.

- Her glands were swollen and painful.

- Sampras awaits the results of a bone scan on a painful left shin.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf
= sore

2. painfully

- His tooth had started to throb painfully again.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. painful
If something such as an illness, injury, or operation is painful , it causes you a lot of physical pain.

- ...a painful back injury...

- Sunburn is painful and potentially dangerous.

ADJ-GRADED

4. painfully

- ...cracking his head painfully against the cupboard.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. painful
Situations, memories, or experiences that are painful are difficult and unpleasant to deal with, and often make you feel sad and upset.

- Remarks like that brought back painful memories.

- ...the painful transition to democracy...

- She finds it too painful to return there without him.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf

6. painfully

- ...their old relationship, which he had painfully broken off.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

7. painful
If a performance or interview is painful , it is so bad that it makes you feel embarrassed for the people taking part in it. (INFORMAL)

- It was a joint interview with the BBC and ITV and was painful both to watch and to listen to.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf
= embarrassing

painfully *

painfully
You use painfully to emphasize a quality or situation that is undesirable.

- Things are moving painfully slowly.

- ...a painfully shy young man...

- I am painfully aware that staff have a heavy work schedule.

ADV: ADV adv/adj emphasis

painful

adjective

1.

distressing

disagreeable

distasteful

grievous

unpleasant

2.

sore

aching

agonizing

smarting

tender

3.

difficult

arduous

hard

laborious

troublesome

trying

painfully

adverb

distressingly

clearly

dreadfully

sadly

unfortunately

painkiller

[D.J.:ˈpeɪnˌkɪlə]

[K.K.:ˈpenˌkɪlɚ]

n.

止痛药

painkiller *

painkiller painkillers
A painkiller is a drug which reduces or stops physical pain.
N-COUNT
= analgesic

painkiller

noun

analgesic

anaesthetic

anodyne

drug

painless

[D.J.:ˈpeɪnlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈpenlɪs]

adj.

无痛的,不引起痛苦的

painlessly

adv.

无痛地

painless *

1. painless
Something such as a treatment that is painless causes no physical pain.

- Acupuncture treatment is gentle, painless, and, invariably, most relaxing.

- The operation itself is a brief, painless procedure.

- ...a quick and painless death.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ painful

2. painlessly

- ...a technique to eliminate unwanted facial hair quickly and painlessly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
≠ painfully

3. painless
If a process or activity is painless , there are no difficulties involved, and you do not have to make a great effort or suffer in any way.

- House-hunting is in fact relatively painless, in this region.

- There are no easy or painless solutions to the nation's economic ills.

ADJ-GRADED
= easy trouble-free ≠ difficult

4. painlessly

- ...a game for children which painlessly teaches essential pre-reading skills.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

painless

adjective

simple

easy

effortless

fast

quick

painstaking

[D.J.:ˈpeɪnzˌteɪkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpenzˌtekɪŋ]

adj.

极小心的;辛勤的, 辛苦的

painstakingly

[D.J.:ˈpeɪnsˌteɪkɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpensˌtekɪ ŋlɪ]

adv.

刻苦地;煞费苦心地

painstaking *

1. painstaking
A painstaking search, examination, or investigation is done extremely carefully and thoroughly.

- Forensic experts carried out a painstaking search of the debris.

ADJ-GRADED; usu ADJ n
= careful thorough

2. painstakingly

- Broken bones were painstakingly pieced together and reshaped.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV before v

painstaking

adjective

thorough

assiduous

careful

conscientious

diligent

meticulous

scrupulous

paint

[D.J.:peint]

[K.K.:pent]

n.

油漆, 涂料

颜料

涂层, 漆层

化妆品

vt. & vi.

画; 绘画

vt.

在…上涂涂料[油漆]

涂, 搽

描绘, 描述

painted

[D.J.:ˈpeintid]

[K.K.:ˈpentɪd]

adj.

描画的,着色的

painting

[D.J.:ˈpeintiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpentɪŋ]

n.

上油漆; 绘画艺术

(一幅)水彩画, 油画

paint ****

1. paint paints
Paint is a coloured liquid that you put onto a surface with a brush in order to protect the surface or to make it look nice, or that you use to produce a picture.

- ...a pot of red paint...

- They saw some large letters in white paint.

- ...water-based artist's paints.

N-MASS

2. paint
On a wall or object, the paint is the covering of dried paint on it.

- The paint was peeling on the window frames.

- They'll probably scrape the paint off and make it look like a regular patrol car.

N-SING: the N

3. paint paints painting painted
If you paint a wall or an object, you cover it with paint.

- They started to mend the woodwork and paint the walls.

- I made a guitar and painted it red.

- ...painted furniture.

VB

4. paint paints painting painted
If you paint something or paint a picture of it, you produce a picture of it using paint.

- He is painting a huge volcano.

- Why do people paint pictures?.

- I had come here to paint.

VB

5. paint paints painting painted
When you paint a design or message on a surface, you put it on the surface using paint.

- ...a machine for painting white lines down roads...

- They went around painting rude slogans on cars.

- The recesses are decorated with gold stars, with smaller stars painted along the edges.

VB

6. paint paints painting painted
If a woman paints her lips or nails, she puts a coloured cosmetic on them.

- She propped the mirror against her handbag and began to paint her lips.

- She painted her fingernails bright red.

VB

7. paint paints painting painted
If you paint a grim or vivid picture of something, you give a description of it that is grim or vivid.

- The report paints a grim picture of life there.

- He went on to paint a rosy picture about how much has already been accomplished.

VB

painting ****

1. painting paintings
A painting is a picture which someone has painted.

- ...a large oil-painting of Queen Victoria.

N-COUNT

2. painting
Painting is the activity of painting pictures.

- ...two hobbies she really enjoyed, painting and gardening.

N-UNCOUNT

3. painting
Painting is the activity of painting doors, walls, and some other parts of buildings.

- ...painting and decorating.

N-UNCOUNT

paint

noun

1.

colouring

colour

dye

pigment

stain

tint

verb

2.

depict

draw

picture

portray

represent

sketch

3.

coat

apply

colour

cover

daub

paintbox

n.

绘具箱

paintbox

paintbox paintboxes
A paintbox is a small flat plastic or metal container with a number of little blocks of paint inside which can be made wet and used to paint a picture.
N-COUNT

paintbrush

[D.J.:ˈpeɪntˌbrʌʃ]

[K.K.:ˈpentˌbrʌʃ]

n.

漆刷;画刷,画笔

paintbrush

paintbrush paintbrushes
A paintbrush is a brush which you use for painting.
N-COUNT also paint brush , paint-brush .

painter

[D.J.:ˈpeintə]

[K.K.:ˈpentɚ]

n.

画家

油漆匠

painter **

1. painter painters
A painter is an artist who paints pictures.
N-COUNT

2. painter painters
A painter is someone who paints walls, doors, and some other parts of buildings as their job.
N-COUNT

painterly

[D.J.:ˈpeɪntəli:]

[K.K.:ˈpentəli]

adj.

美术的

painterly

painterly
Painterly means relating to or characteristic of painting or painters.

- ...his painterly talents...

- The film has a painterly eye.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

paint stripper

paint stripper paint strippers
Paint stripper is a liquid which you use in order to remove old paint from things such as doors or pieces of furniture.
N-MASS

paintwork

[ˈpeintwə:k]

n.

油漆工作,涂上的油漆

paintwork

paintwork
The paintwork of a building, room, or vehicle is the covering of paint on it, or the parts of it that are painted.

- The paintwork, the wardrobes and the bedside cupboards were coffee-cream.

N-UNCOUNT

pair

[D.J.:pɛə]

[K.K.:pɛr]

n.

一副, 一条, 一把; 一双, 一对

一对男女, 一对夫妇

雌雄成对的动物

套在一起的两匹马

vt. & vi.

(使…)成对, (使…)成双

vi.

交配, 交尾

paired

配对的

pairing

[ˈpɛəriŋ]

n.

配对[偶];(核子等)成对

pair ****

1. pair pairs
A pair of things are two things of the same size and shape that are used together or are both part of something, for example shoes, earrings, or parts of the body.

- ...a pair of socks.

- ...trainers that cost up to 90 pounds a pair...

- 72,000 pairs of hands clapped in unison to the song.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. pair pairs
Some objects that have two main parts of the same size and shape are referred to as a pair , for example a pair of trousers or a pair of scissors .

- ...a pair of faded jeans.

- ...a pair of binoculars.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. pair
You can refer to two people as a pair when they are standing or walking together or when they have some kind of relationship with each other.

- A pair of teenage boys were smoking cigarettes.

- The pair admitted that their three-year-old marriage was going through `a difficult time'.

- He and Paula made an unlikely pair.

N-SING

4. pair pairs pairing paired
If one thing is paired with another, it is put with it or considered with it.

- The trainees will then be paired with experienced managers.

VB: usu passive

5. pairing

- ...the pairing of these two fine musicians.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n

6. pair
If you say that someone is or has a safe pair of hands , you mean that they are reliable and will not make any serious mistakes. (BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- He has now held five cabinet posts and remains a safe pair of hands.

PHR: PHR after v

pairing *

pairing pairings
Two people, especially sports players, actors, or musicians, who are working together as a pair can be referred to as a pairing .

- In first place we now find the Belgian pairing of Nancy Feber and Laurence Courtois.

N-COUNT
= pair

pair

noun

1.

couple

brace

duo

twins

verb

2.

couple

bracket

join

match (up)

team

twin

pair off ****

pair off pairs off; pairing off; paired off
When people pair off or are paired off , they form a pair, often in order to become girlfriend and boyfriend.

- I knew she wouldn't be able to resist pairing me off with someone.

- The squad members paired off to find places to eat and sleep.

PHR-V-RECIP-ERG

pair up ****

pair up pairs up; pairing up; paired up
If people pair up or are paired up , they form a pair, especially in order to do something together.

- They asked us to pair up with the person next to us and form teams.

- Men and teenage girls pair up to dance.

- Smokers and nonsmokers are paired up as roommates.

PHR-V-RECIP-ERG

paisley

[ˈpeizli]

n.,adj.

佩斯利螺旋花纹呢[细毛披巾](的)

paisley *

paisley paisleys
Paisley is a special pattern of curving shapes and colours, used especially on fabric.

- He was elegantly dressed in a grey suit, blue shirt and paisley tie.

N-VAR

Pakistani

[ˌpɑ:kisˈtɑ:ni]

adj.

巴基斯坦的

n.

巴基斯坦人

Pakistani ***

1. Pakistani
Pakistani means belonging or relating to Pakistan, or to its people or culture.

- ...the Pakistani city of Hyderabad.

- ...Pakistani cricketers.

ADJ

2. Pakistani Pakistanis
A Pakistani is a Pakistani citizen, or a person of Pakistani origin.
N-COUNT: usu pl

pal

[D.J.:pæl]

[K.K.:pæl]

n.

朋友

老兄, 老弟, 兄弟;小子, 老家伙

vi.

pal around (with sb)

(和某人)结伴，共度时光

pal up (with sb)

成为(某人的)朋友

pal **

pal pals
Your pals are your friends. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu with poss

pal

noun Informal

friend

buddy informal

chum informal

companion

comrade

crony

mate informal

palace

[D.J.:ˈpælis]

[K.K.:ˈpælɪs]

n.

宫, 宫殿

palace ***

1. palace palaces
A palace is a very large impressive house, especially one which is the official home of a king, queen, or president.

- ...Buckingham Palace...

- They entered the palace courtyard.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n, N n

2. palace
When the members of a royal palace make an announcement through an official spokesperson, they can be referred to as the Palace .

- `We couldn't possibly comment', is the palace's response to all questions about the family's private life.

N-SING: the N

3. palace palaces
You can refer to any large splendid house or other building as a palace .

- They'd bought a huge barn with some land and planned to turn it into a palace.

N-COUNT

palaeontology

[ˌpæliɔnˈtɔlədʒi]

n.

古生物学

palaeontology

1. palaeontology
Palaeontology is the study of fossils as a guide to the history of life on earth.
N-UNCOUNT also paleontology .

2. palaeontologist palaeontologists

- ...just as a palaeontologist can reconstruct a dinosaur from one of its toes.

N-COUNT

palatable

[D.J.:ˈpælətəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈpælətəbəl]

adj.

可口的,美味的

合意的,认可的,认同的

palatably

adv.

合意地,可口地

palatably

adv.

美味地,称心愉快地

palatable *

1. palatable
If you describe food or drink as palatable , you mean that it tastes pleasant. (FORMAL)

- ...flavourings and preservatives, designed to make the food look more palatable.

ADJ-GRADED
= tasty ≠ unpalatable

2. palatable
If you describe something such as an idea or method as palatable , you mean that people are willing to accept it.

- ...a palatable way of sacking staff...

- That option is not very palatable.

ADJ-GRADED
= acceptable

palatable

adjective

delicious

appetizing

luscious

mouthwatering

tasty

palate

[D.J.:ˈpælɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpælɪt]

n.

<解>腭

味觉;品味的能力

palate *

1. palate palates
Your palate is the top part of the inside of your mouth.
N-COUNT: usu poss N

2. palate palates
You can refer to someone's palate as a way of talking about their ability to judge good food or drink.

- ...fresh pasta sauces to tempt more demanding palates.

- ...a discerning palate.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

palate

noun

taste

appetite

stomach

palatial

[D.J.:pəˈleɪʃəl]

[K.K.:pəˈleʃəl]

adj.

宫殿(似)的,宏伟的,壮丽的

palatial

palatial
A palatial house, hotel, or office building is very large and impressive.

- ...a palatial Hollywood mansion.

- ...the academy's palatial headquarters in Moscow.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

palatial

adjective

magnificent

grand

imposing

majestic

opulent

regal

splendid

stately

palaver

[D.J.:pəˈlævə, -ˈlɑ:və]

[K.K.:pəˈlævɚ, -ˈlɑvɚ]

n.

<口>废话,空话

palaver

palaver
Palaver is unnecessary fuss and bother about the way something is done. (INFORMAL)

- We don't want all that palaver, do we?

N-UNCOUNT

palaver

noun

fuss

business informal

carry-on informal chiefly Brit.

pantomime informal chiefly Brit.

performance informal

rigmarole

song and dance Brit. informal

to-do

pale

[D.J.:peil]

[K.K.:pel]

adj.

苍白的, 灰白的

浅色的; 淡的

vi.

变得苍白, 失色, 变得暗淡

paled

围栅的

paleness

[D.J.:ˈpeɪlnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈpelnɪs]

n.

苍白;暗淡;失色

paling

[D.J.:ˈpeiliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpelɪŋ]

n.

木栅,围篱

pale ***

1. pale paler palest
If something is pale , it is very light in colour or almost white.

- Migrating birds filled the pale sky.

- As we age, our skin becomes paler.

- ...a circle of pale light.

ADJ-GRADED
= light ≠ dark

2. pale
Also a combining form.

- ...a pale blue sailor dress...

- In the background, dressed in pale green, stood Eunice.

COMB in COLOUR

3. pale paler palest
If someone looks pale , their face looks a lighter colour than usual, usually because they are ill, frightened, or shocked.

- She looked pale and tired.

- He went deathly pale.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

4. paleness

- ...his paleness when he realized that he was bleeding.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

5. pale pales paling paled
If one thing pales in comparison with another, it is made to seem much less important, serious, or good by it.

- When someone you love has a life-threatening illness, everything else pales in comparison.

- ...a soap opera against which other soaps pale into insignificance.

VB

6. pale
If you think that someone's actions or behaviour are not acceptable, you can say that they are beyond the pale .

- This sort of thing really is quite beyond the pale.

- ...beyond the pale of acceptable human behaviour.

PHR: PHR after v, oft PHR of n
= unacceptable

pale

adjective

1.

white

ashen

bleached

colourless

faded

light

pallid

pasty

wan

verb

2.

become pale

blanch

go white

lose colour

whiten

Palestinian

[ˌpæliˈstiniən]

adj.

巴勒斯坦的

n.

巴勒斯坦人[居民]

Palestinian ***

1. Palestinian
Palestinian means belonging or relating to the region between the River Jordan and the Mediterranean Sea which used to be called Palestine, or to the Arabs who come from this region.
ADJ

2. Palestinian Palestinians
A Palestinian is an Arab who comes from the region that used to be called Palestine.
N-COUNT: usu pl

palette

[D.J.:ˈpælɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpælɪt]

n.

调色板

palette *

1. palette palettes
A palette is a flat piece of wood or plastic on which an artist mixes paints.
N-COUNT

2. palette palettes
You can refer to the range of colours that are used by a particular artist or group of artists as their palette .

- David Fincher paints from a palette consisting almost exclusively of grey and mud brown.

N-COUNT: usu sing

palette knife

palette knife palette knives
A palette knife is a knife with a broad, flat, flexible blade, used in cookery and in oil painting.
N-COUNT

palimony

[D.J.:ˈpæliməni]

[K.K.:ˈpæləˌmoni]

n.

〈美〉(非婚同居者分居后经法院判定由一方付给另一方的)同居生活费，同居津贴

palimony

palimony
Palimony is money that a person pays to a partner they have lived with for a long time and are now separated from. Compare alimony .
N-UNCOUNT

palindrome

[D.J.:ˈpælindrəum]

[K.K.:ˈpælɪnˌdrom]

n.

回文(指顺读和倒读都一样的词语)

palindrome

palindrome palindromes
A palindrome is a word or a phrase that is the same whether you read it backwards or forwards, for example the word `refer'.
N-COUNT

palisade

[D.J.:ˌpælɪˈseɪd]

[K.K.:ˌpælɪˈsed]

n.

(用尖桩做的)栅栏

vt.

用栅栏围绕

palisades

[D.J.:ˌpælɪˈseɪdz]

[K.K.:ˌpælɪˈsedz]

岩壁

palisade

palisade palisades
A palisade is a fence of wooden posts which are driven into the ground in order to protect people from attack.
N-COUNT

pall

[D.J.:pɔ:l]

[K.K.:pɔl]

vi.

(因过多或过久而)生厌, 感到乏味, 厌烦

n.

柩衣, 墓衣, 棺罩

深色或厚重的覆盖物

pall *

1. pall palls palled
If something palls , it becomes less interesting or less enjoyable after a period of time.

- Already the allure of meals in restaurants had begun to pall.

VB: no cont
= wear off

2. pall palls
If a pall of smoke hangs over a place, there is a thick cloud of smoke above it.

- A pall of oily black smoke drifted over the cliff-top.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= cloud

3. pall
If something unpleasant casts a pall over an event or occasion, it makes it less enjoyable than it should be.

- The unrest has cast a pall over what is usually a day of national rejoicing.

- We don't want to cast a pall over the festivities.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= spoil

pall

noun

1.

cloud

mantle

shadow

shroud

veil

2.

gloom

check

damp

damper

pall

verb

become boring

become dull

become tedious

cloy

jade

sicken

tire

weary

pallbearer

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:lbeərə]

[K.K.:ˈpɔlˌbɛrɚ]

n.

护柩者,棺侧送葬者

pallbearer

pallbearer pallbearers
At a funeral, a pallbearer is a person who helps to carry the coffin or who walks beside it.
N-COUNT

pallet

[D.J.:ˈpælit]

[K.K.:ˈpælɪt]

n.

扁平工具,棘爪,货盘

pallet

1. pallet pallets
A pallet is a narrow mattress filled with straw which is put on the floor for someone to sleep on.
N-COUNT

2. pallet pallets
A pallet is a hard, narrow bed.

- He was given only a wooden pallet with a blanket.

N-COUNT

3. pallet pallets
A pallet is a flat wooden or metal platform on which goods are stored so that they can be lifted and moved using a forklift truck.

- The warehouse will hold more than 90,000 pallets storing 30 million Easter eggs.

N-COUNT

palliative

[D.J.:ˈpæliətiv]

[K.K.:ˈpæliˌetɪv, -iətɪv]

n.

治标药物; 缓解剂; 治标措施; 保守疗法

权宜之计; 消极措施; 缓冲剂

palliative

1. palliative palliatives
A palliative is a drug or medical treatment that relieves suffering without treating the cause of the suffering.
N-COUNT

2. palliative palliatives
A palliative is an action that is intended to make the effects of a problem less severe but does not actually solve the problem. (FORMAL)

- The society's board realised that the loan was a palliative, not a cure, for ever-increasing financial troubles.

- The increase in the number of rooms available in private homes acted as a palliative to the general accommodation shortage.

N-COUNT

pallid

[D.J.:ˈpælɪd]

[K.K.:ˈpælɪd]

adj.

苍白的,病态的

无生气的

pallid

1. pallid
Someone or something that is pallid is pale in an unattractive or unnatural way.

- ...helpless grief on pallid faces.

- ...pallid grey vapour.

ADJ-GRADED

2. pallid
You can describe something such as a performance or book as pallid if it is weak or not at all exciting.

- ...a pallid account of the future of transport.

- ...a pallid unsuccessful romance.

ADJ-GRADED

pallid

adjective

pale

anaemic

ashen

colourless

pasty

wan

pallor

[D.J.:ˈpælə]

[K.K.:ˈpælɚ]

n.

(脸色等的)苍白,灰白

pallor

pallor
If you refer to the pallor of someone's face or skin, you mean that it is pale and unhealthy.

- The deathly pallor of her skin had been replaced by the faintest flush of color.

- My face had a greenish pallor.

N-SING: usu with supp

pallor

noun

paleness

lack of colour

pallidness

wanness

whiteness

pally

[D.J.:ˈpæli]

[K.K.:ˈpæli]

adj.

〈口〉亲密的

pally

pally
If you are pally with someone, you are friendly with them. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n
= friendly

palm

[pɑ:m]

n.

手掌, 掌状物

(象征胜利的)棕榈叶

palm **

1. palm palms
A palm or a palm tree is a tree that grows in hot countries. It has long leaves growing at the top, and no branches.
N-COUNT

2. palm palms
The palm of your hand is the inside part.

- Dornberg slapped the table with the palm of his hand.

- He wiped his sweaty palm.

N-COUNT: usu poss N, N of n

3. palm
If you have someone or something in the palm of your hand , you have control over them.

- Johnson thought he had the board of directors in the palm of his hand.

- They held his fate in the palms of their ancient hands.

PHR: Ns inflect

palm off **

palm off palms off; palming off; palmed off
If you say that someone has palmed something off on you, you feel annoyed because they have made you accept it although it is not valuable or is not your responsibility.

- I couldn't keep palming her off on friends.

- Joseph Smith made sure that he was never palmed off with such inferior stuff.

PHR-V disapproval

palm off with **

palm off palms off; palming off; palmed off
If you say that you are palmed off with a lie or an excuse, you are annoyed because you are told something in order to stop you asking any more questions. (mainly BRIT)

- Mark was palmed off with a series of excuses.

PHR-V: usu passive disapproval

palm off

verb

fob off

foist off

pass off

palmcorder

palmcorder palmcorders
A palmcorder is a small video camera that you can hold in the palm of your hand.
N-COUNT

palmistry

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:mistri]

[K.K.:ˈpɑmɪstri]

n.

相手术

palmistry

palmistry
Palmistry is the practice and art of trying to find out what people are like and what will happen in their future life by examining the lines on the palms of their hands.
N-UNCOUNT

palm oil

palm oil
Palm oil is a yellow oil which comes from the fruit of certain palm trees and is used in making soap and sometimes as a fat in cooking.
N-UNCOUNT

Palm Sunday

Palm Sunday
Palm Sunday is the Sunday before Easter. It is the day when Christians remember Jesus Christ's arrival in Jerusalem a few days before he was killed.
N-UNCOUNT

palmtop

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:mˌtɔp]

[K.K.:ˈpɑmˌtɑp]

掌上型电脑

palmtop

palmtop palmtops
A palmtop is a small computer that you can hold in your hand.
N-COUNT

palomino

[D.J.:ˌpæləˈmi:nəu]

[K.K.:ˌpæləˈmino]

n.

巴洛米诺马(身体淡褐色并有白色鬣毛和尾的一种马)

palomino

palomino palominos
A palomino is a horse which is yellowish or cream in colour and has a white tail.
N-COUNT

palpable

[D.J.:ˈpælpəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈpælpəbəl]

adj.

可触知的, 摸得出的

明显的;明白的

palpably

[D.J.:ˈpælpəblɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpælpəblɪ]

adv.

可触之地

易觉察地

palpable *

1. palpable
You describe something as palpable when it is obvious or intense and easily noticed.

- The tension between Amy and Jim is palpable.

- There is an almost palpable feeling of hopelessness.

ADJ-GRADED

2. palpably

- The scene was palpably intense to watch.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group

palpable

adjective

obvious

clear

conspicuous

evident

manifest

plain

unmistakable

visible

palpitate

[D.J.:ˈpælpɪˌteɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpælpɪˌtet]

vi.

① (心脏)悸动,突突跳,急速地跳动

颤抖

palpitate

1. palpitate palpitates palpitating palpitated
If someone's heart palpitates , it beats very fast in an irregular way, because they are frightened or anxious.

- He felt suddenly faint, and his heart began to palpitate.

VB
= pound

2. palpitate palpitates palpitating palpitated
If something palpitates , it shakes or seems to shake. (LITERARY)

- She lay on the bed, her eyes closed and her bosom palpitating.

VB

palpitate

verb

beat

flutter

pound

pulsate

throb

tremble

palpitation

[D.J.:pælpiˈteiʃ(ə)n]

[K.K.:ˌpælpɪˈteʃən]

n.

心悸

palpitation

palpitation palpitations
When someone has palpitations , their heart beats very fast in an irregular way.

- Caffeine can cause palpitations and headaches.

N-VAR

palsy

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:lzi]

[K.K.:ˈpɔlzi]

n.

瘫痪

palsy

palsy
Palsy is a loss of feeling in part of your body.
N-UNCOUNT
= paralysis

See also cerebral palsy .

paltry

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:ltri:]

[K.K.:ˈpɔltri]

adj.

微小的;不重要的;无价值的;可鄙的

paltry *

1. paltry
A paltry amount of money or something else is one that you consider to be very small.

- ...a paltry fine of £150...

- They suffered an electoral catastrophe, winning a paltry 3 seats.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n, oft a ADJ amount

2. paltry
You can use paltry to describe something or someone that you consider to be small or unimportant.

- The parents had little interest in paltry domestic concerns.

ADJ-GRADED:usu ADJ n

paltry

adjective

insignificant

contemptible

despicable

inconsiderable

meagre

mean

measly

minor

miserable

petty

poor

puny

slight

small

trifling

trivial

unimportant

worthless

pampas

[D.J.:ˈpæmpəs]

[K.K.:ˈpæmpəz, -pəs]

n.

南美无树木的大草原

pampas

pampas
The pampas is the large area of flat, grassy land in South America.
N-SING: the N

pamper

[D.J.:ˈpæmpə]

[K.K.:ˈpæmpɚ]

vt.

纵容;宠;娇养

pampered

adj.

饮食过量的,饮食奢侈的

pamper *

1. pamper pampers pampering pampered
If you pamper someone, you make them feel comfortable by doing things for them or giving them expensive or luxurious things, sometimes in a way which has a bad effect on their character.

- Why don't you let your mother pamper you for a while?.

- Pamper yourself with our luxury gifts.

- The only son had been pampered and spoiled.

VB

2. pampered

- ...today's pampered superstars...

- He felt pampered and at home.

ADJ-GRADED

pamper

verb

spoil

coddle

cosset

indulge

mollycoddle

pet

pamphlet

[D.J.:ˈpæmflit]

[K.K.:ˈpæmflɪt]

n.

小册子

pamphlet *

pamphlet pamphlets
A pamphlet is a very thin book, with a paper cover, which gives information about something.
N-COUNT
= booklet

pamphlet

noun

booklet

brochure

circular

leaflet

tract

pamphleteer

[D.J.:ˌpæmfliˈtiə]

[K.K.:ˌpæmflɪˈtɪr]

n.

小册子作者

vi.

写小册子

pamphleteer

pamphleteer pamphleteers
A pamphleteer is a person who writes pamphlets, especially about political subjects.
N-COUNT

pan

[D.J.:pæn]

[K.K.:pæn]

n.

平底锅; 盘子

panning

[ˈpæniŋ]

n.

装鱼箱,装鱼盘

pan ***

1. pan pans
A pan is a round metal container with a long handle, which is used for cooking things in, usually on top of a cooker or stove.

- Heat the butter and oil in a large pan.

N-COUNT
= saucepan

2. pan pans
A pan is a shallow metal container used for baking foods. (AM; in BRIT use baking tin )
N-COUNT

3. pan pans panning panned
If something such as a film or a book is panned by journalists, they say it is very bad. (INFORMAL)

- His first high-budget movie, called `Brain Donors', was panned by the critics.

VB: usu passive
= slate

4. pan pans panning panned
If you pan a film or television camera or if it pans somewhere, it moves slowly round so that a wide area is filmed.

- The camera panned along the line of players.

- He panned over the crowd for a few minutes before swivelling back to the right.

- A television camera panned the stadium.

- He panned the camera, giving a sense of motion.

V-ERG

5. pan pans panning panned
If someone pans for gold, they use a shallow metal container to try to find small pieces of gold from a river.

- People came westward in the 1800s to pan for gold in the stream beds of the Sierra Nevada.

- Every year they panned about a ton and a half of gold.

VB

pan

noun

1.

pot

container

saucepan

verb

2.

sift out

look for

search for

3.

criticize

censure

knock informal

slam slang

tear into informal

pan

verb Informal

move

follow

sweep

track

pan out ***

pan out pans out; panning out; panned out
If something, for example a project or some information, pans out , it produces something useful or valuable. (INFORMAL)

- None of Morgan's proposed financings panned out.

PHR-V

pan-

[D.J.:pæn]

[K.K.:pæn]

pref.

表示“全,总,泛”之义

pan-

pan-
pan- is added to the beginning of adjectives and nouns to form other adjectives and nouns that describe something as being connected with all places or people of a particular kind.

- ...a pan-European defence system.

- ...the ideology of pan-Arabism.

PREFIX

panacea

[D.J.:ˌpænəˈsi:ə]

[K.K.:ˌpænəˈsiə]

n.

治百病的药,万灵药

panacea *

panacea panaceas
If you say that something is not a panacea for a particular set of problems, you mean that it will not solve all those problems.

- Membership of the ERM is not a panacea for Britain's economic problems.

- Western aid may help but will not be a panacea.

N-COUNT: usu with brd-neg
= cure-all

panacea

noun

cure-all

nostrum

universal cure

panache

[D.J.:pəˈnæʃ, -ˈnɑ:ʃ]

[K.K.:pəˈnæʃ, -ˈnɑʃ]

n.

神气十足,炫耀自负

panache *

panache
If you do something with panache , you do it in a confident, stylish, and elegant way.

- The BBC Symphony Orchestra played with great panache.

- Her panache at dealing with the world's media is quite astonishing.

N-UNCOUNT
= flair

panache

noun

style

dash

´elan

flamboyance

panama hat

panama hat panama hats
A panama hat or a panama is a hat, worn especially by men, that is woven from the leaves of a palm-like plant and worn when it is sunny.
N-COUNT

pancake

[D.J.:ˈpænˌkeɪk]

[K.K.:ˈpænˌkek]

n.

烙饼,薄饼

(化妆品的)粉饼

(as) flat as a pancake

完全平的；非常平的

pancake *

pancake pancakes
A pancake is a thin, flat, circular piece of cooked batter made from milk, flour, and eggs. Pancakes are often rolled up or folded and eaten hot with a sweet or savoury filling inside. In America, pancakes are usually eaten for breakfast, with butter and maple syrup.
N-COUNT
= crepe

flat as a pancake : see flat .

Pancake Day

Pancake Day
Pancake Day is the popular name for Shrove Tuesday . (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT
= Shrove Tuesday

pancake roll

pancake roll pancake rolls
A pancake roll is an item of Chinese food consisting of a small roll of thin crisp pastry filled with vegetables and sometimes meat.
N-COUNT
= spring roll

pancreas

[D.J.:ˈpæŋkri:əs, ˈpæn-]

[K.K.:ˈpæŋkriəs, ˈpæn-]

n.

胰,胰腺

pancreas *

pancreas pancreases
Your pancreas is an organ in your body that is situated behind your stomach. It produces insulin and substances that help your body digest food.
N-COUNT

pancreatic

[ˌpæŋkriˈætik]

adj.

胰腺的

pancreatic

pancreatic
Pancreatic means relating to or involving the pancreas.

- Pancreatic juices dissolve proteins that were not digested in the stomach.

ADJ: ADJ n

panda

[D.J.:ˈpændə]

[K.K.:ˈpændə]

n.

熊猫

panda *

panda pandas
A panda or a giant panda is a large animal rather like a bear, which has black and white fur and lives in the bamboo forests of China.
N-COUNT

panda car

panda car panda cars
A panda car is a police car. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

pandemic

[D.J.:pænˈdemɪk]

[K.K.:pænˈdɛmɪk]

adj.

(疾病)大流行的

普遍的, 全世界的

pandemic

pandemic pandemics
A pandemic is an occurrence of a disease that affects many people over a very wide area. (FORMAL)

- They feared a new cholera pandemic.

- One pandemic of Spanish flu took nearly 22 million lives worldwide.

N-COUNT

pandemonium

[D.J.:ˌpændəˈməʊni:əm]

[K.K.:ˌpændəˈmoniəm]

n.

喧嚣, 嘈杂

大混乱

大混乱的场面, 嘈杂, 无序的地方

pandemonium

pandemonium
If there is pandemonium in a place, the people there are behaving in a very noisy and uncontrolled way.

- There was pandemonium in court as the judge gave his summing up.

- Pandemonium broke out as they ran into the street shouting.

N-UNCOUNT

pandemonium

noun

uproar

bedlam

chaos

confusion

din

hullabaloo

racket

rumpus

turmoil

pander

[D.J.:ˈpændə]

[K.K.:ˈpændɚ]

vi.

迎合(他人的低级趣味或淫欲);纵容某人;迁就某事物

pander to sb/sth

迎合；奉迎；投其所好

pander *

pander panders pandering pandered
If you pander to someone or to their wishes, you do everything that they want, often to get some advantage for yourself.

- He said the government had pandered to the terrorists for too long.

- ...books which don't pander to popular taste.

VB disapproval

pander

verb

pander to

indulge

cater to

gratify

play up to informal

please

satisfy

Pandora

[D.J.:pænˈdɔ:rə]

[K.K.:pænˈdɔrə, -ˈdorə]

n.

〈希神〉潘多拉(火神用粘土做成的地上的第一个女人)

Pandora

Pandora
If someone or something opens Pandora's box or opens a Pandora's box , they do something that causes a lot of problems to appear that did not exist or were not known about before.
PHR: V inflects

p & p

p & p
You use p & p as a written abbreviation for `postage and packing', when stating the cost of packing goods in a parcel and sending them through the post to a customer. (BRIT)

- They also publish an excellent cookery book called `The Flavours Of Gujarat' (£12.95, plus £2.25 p & p).

- The guide costs £9.95 (inc. p & p).

also p and p .

pane

[D.J.:peɪn]

[K.K.:pen]

n.

窗玻璃

pane *

pane panes
A pane of glass is a flat sheet of glass in a window or door.
N-COUNT: oft N of n

panegyric

[D.J.:ˌpænəˈdʒɪrɪk, -ˈdʒaɪərɪk]

[K.K.:ˌpænəˈdʒɪrɪk, -ˈdʒaɪrɪk]

n.

赞美, 称颂, 颂词；颂扬的演讲或文章

panegyric

panegyric panegyrics
A panegyric is a speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something. (FORMAL)

- ...Prince Charles's panegyric on rural living.

N-COUNT
= eulogy

panel

[D.J.:ˈpænəl]

[K.K.:ˈpænəl]

n.

专门小组

面; 板

控制板, 仪表盘

panel ***

1. panel panels
A panel is a small group of people who are chosen to do something, for example to discuss something in public or to make a decision.

- He assembled a panel of scholars to advise him.

- All the writers on the panel agreed Quinn's book should be singled out for special praise.

- The advisory panel disagreed with the decision.

N-COUNT-COLL

2. panel panels
A panel is a flat rectangular piece of wood or other material that forms part of a larger object such as a door.

- ...the frosted glass panel set in the centre of the door.

N-COUNT

3. panel panels
A control panel or instrument panel is a board or surface which contains switches and controls to operate a machine or piece of equipment.

- The equipment was extremely sophisticated and was monitored from a central control-panel.

- They had failed to recognise signs on their instrument panel indicating a serious problem.

N-COUNT: n N

panelled *

1. panelled
A panelled room has decorative wooden panels covering its walls.

- ...a large, comfortable, panelled room...

- The cheerful room was panelled in pine.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) paneled

2. panelled
- panelled combines with nouns to form adjectives that describe the way a room or wall is decorated or the way a door or window is made.

- ...a wood-panelled dining room...

- The walls are oak-panelled.

COMB in ADJ (AM) paneled

3. panelled
A panelled wall, door, or window does not have a flat surface but has square or rectangular areas set into its surface.

- The panelled walls were covered with portraits.

- The doors are panelled.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) paneled

panelling

[D.J.:ˈpænlɪŋ]

n.

镶板木料

panelling *

panelling
Panelling consists of boards or strips of wood covering a wall inside a building.

- It was a huge apartment with oak beams and rosewood panelling.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) paneling

panellist

[ˈpænəlist]

n.

小组辩论,猜谜参加者

panellist

panellist panellists
A panellist is a person who is a member of a panel and speaks in public, especially on a radio or television programme.
N-COUNT (AM) panelist

pan-fried

pan-fried
Pan-fried food is is food that has been cooked in hot fat or oil in a frying pan.

- ...pan-fried chicken breast.

ADJ

pang

[D.J.:pæŋ]

[K.K.:pæŋ]

n.

突然的剧痛

悲痛

pang *

pang pangs
A pang is a sudden strong feeling or emotion, for example of sadness or pain.

- For a moment she felt a pang of guilt about the way she was treating him.

- ...hunger pangs.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, n N

pang

noun

twinge

ache

pain

prick

spasm

stab

sting

panhandle

[D.J.:ˈpænˌhændl]

[K.K.:ˈpænˌhændl]

n.

锅柄,狭长的土地

v.

行乞,讨钱

panhandle

1. panhandle panhandles
A panhandle is a narrow strip of land joined to a larger area of land. (AM)

- Thunderstorms caused flooding in the Texas panhandle early today.

N-COUNT

2. panhandle panhandles panhandling panhandled
If someone panhandles , they stop people in the street and ask them for food or money. (INFORMAL) (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use beg )

- Many of these street people seemed to support themselves by panhandling and doing odd jobs.

- There was also a guy panhandling for quarters.

VB

3. panhandling

- Sergeant Rivero says arrests for panhandling take place every day.

N-UNCOUNT

panhandler

[D.J.:ˈpænˌhændlə]

[K.K.:ˈpænˌhændlɚ]

n.

乞丐

panhandlers

〈美〉西弗吉尼亚、得克萨斯、爱达荷各州人的别名

panhandler

panhandler panhandlers
A panhandler is a person who stops people in the street and asks them for food or money. (INFORMAL) (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use beggar )
N-COUNT

panic

[D.J.:ˈpænik]

[K.K.:ˈpænɪk]

vt. & vi.

(使)恐慌

n.

恐慌, 惊慌, 慌乱

panic ***

1. panic panics
Panic is a very strong feeling of anxiety or fear, which makes you act without thinking carefully.

- An earthquake has hit the capital, causing damage to buildings and panic among the population.

- I phoned the doctor in a panic, crying that I'd lost the baby.

N-VAR

2. panic
Panic or a panic is a situation in which people are affected by a strong feeling of anxiety.

- There was a moment of panic in Britain as it became clear just how vulnerable the nation was.

- I'm in a panic about getting everything done in time.

- ...the wave of panic buying which broke out after the announcement of impending food price increases.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

3. panic panics panicking panicked
If you panic or if someone panics you, you suddenly feel anxious or afraid, and act quickly and without thinking carefully.

- Guests panicked and screamed when the bomb exploded.

- The unexpected and sudden memory briefly panicked her.

- The Government has been panicked into giving us a promise to abolish it.

V-ERG

panic

noun

1.

fear

alarm

fright

hysteria

scare

terror

verb

2.

go to pieces

become hysterical

lose one's nerve

3.

alarm

scare

unnerve

panicky

[D.J.:ˈpænɪkɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpænɪkɪ]

adj.

恐慌的；由恐慌引起的

易恐慌的

panicky

panicky
A panicky feeling or panicky behaviour is characterized by panic.

- Amy felt a moment of pure, panicky loneliness.

- Many women feel panicky travelling home at night alone.

- ...yesterday's panicky decision by the Bank of Ireland.

ADJ-GRADED

panic-stricken

[D.J.:ˈpænɪkˌstrɪkən]

[K.K.:ˈpænɪkˌstrɪkən]

adj.

受恐慌的,惊慌失措的

panic-stricken

panic-stricken
If someone is panic-stricken or is behaving in a panic-stricken way, they are so anxious or afraid that they may act without thinking carefully.

- Panic-stricken travellers fled for the borders.

- A wall collapsed and 39 people, were killed in the panic-stricken stampede.

ADJ-GRADED

panic-stricken

adjective

frightened

frightened out of one's wits

hysterical

in a cold sweat informal

panicky

scared

scared stiff

terrified

pannier

[D.J.:ˈpæniə]

[K.K.:ˈpænjɚ, ˈpæniɚ]

n.

箩,筐,背篓,撑裙

pannier

1. pannier panniers
A pannier is one of two bags or boxes for carrying things in, which are fixed on each side of the back wheel of a bicycle or motorbike.
N-COUNT

2. pannier panniers
A pannier is a large basket or bag, usually one of two that are put over an animal and used for carrying loads.
N-COUNT

panoply

[D.J.:ˈpænəpli:]

[K.K.:ˈpænəpli]

n.

全套礼服,盛装

全副甲胄

雄伟的阵式

panoply

panoply
A panoply of things is a wide range of them, especially one that is considered impressive. (FORMAL)

- On a modern battlefield an infantryman can expect to be the target of the whole panoply of weaponry.

- ...the marvellous panoply of exhibitions laid on this year.

N-SING: usu N of n
= array

panoply

noun

array

attire

dress

garb

regalia

trappings

panorama

[D.J.:ˌpænəˈrɑ:mə]

[K.K.:ˌpænəˈræmə, -ˈrɑmə]

n.

全景画, 全景照片

全景

一连串景象或事

panorama *

1. panorama panoramas
A panorama is a view in which you can see a long way over a wide area of land, usually because you are on high ground.

- Horton looked out over a panorama of fertile valleys and gentle hills.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= vista

2. panorama panoramas
A panorama is a broad view of a state of affairs or of a constantly changing series of events.

- The play presents a panorama of the history of communism.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

panorama

noun

view

prospect

vista

panoramic

[D.J.:ˌpænəˈræmɪk]

[K.K.: ˌpænəˈræmɪk]

adj.

全景的;活动画景的

panoramic *

panoramic
If you have a panoramic view, you can see a long way over a wide area.

- The terrain's high points provide a panoramic view of Los Angeles.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

panoramic

adjective

wide

comprehensive

extensive

overall

sweeping

pansy

[D.J.:ˈpænzi]

[K.K.:ˈpænzi]

n.

三色紫罗兰,〈俚〉脂粉气男子,同性恋男子

pansy

1. pansy pansies
A pansy is a small brightly coloured garden flower with large round petals.
N-COUNT

2. pansy pansies
If someone describes a man as a pansy , they mean that he is a homosexual. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT

pant

[D.J.:pænt]

[K.K.:pænt]

n.

喘气

vi.

喘气;喘息

喘着气说

panting

[ˈpæntiŋ]

adj.

喘气的

v.

脉动,波动,晃动,振动

pants

[pænts]

n.

〈英〉(紧身的)短裤

〈美〉 裤子

pant *

pant pants panting panted
If you pant , you breathe quickly and loudly with your mouth open, because you have been doing something energetic.

- She climbed rapidly until she was panting with the effort.

VB
= gasp

See also pants .

pants **

1. pants
Pants are a piece of underwear which have two holes to put your legs through and elastic around the top to hold them up round your waist or hips. (BRIT; in AM usually use underpants )

- I wash and dry myself and put on my bra and pants.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N
= knickers

2. pants
Pants are a piece of clothing that covers the lower part of your body and each leg. (AM; in BRIT use trousers )

- She described him as wearing brown corduroy pants and a white cotton shirt.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

3. pants
If someone bores, charms, or scares the pants off you, for example, they bore, charm, or scare you a lot. (INFORMAL)

- You'll bore the pants off your grandchildren.

- We all love to frighten the pants off ourselves by going on hair-raising rides at funfairs.

PHR: v PHR emphasis

4. pants
If you fly by the seat of your pants or do something by the seat of your pants , you use your instincts to tell you what to do in a new or difficult situation rather than following a plan or relying on equipment.
PHR: V inflects

pant

verb

puff

blow

breathe

gasp

heave

wheeze

pants

plural noun

1.

underpants

boxer shorts

briefs

drawers

knickers

panties

2.

trousers

slacks

pantaloons

n.

(男式)马裤

pantaloons

pantaloons
Pantaloons are long trousers with very wide legs, gathered at the ankle.

- Hallah wears the stylish tunic and pantaloons common in Kurdistan.

N-PLURAL

pantheism

[D.J.:ˈpænθi(:)izəm]

[K.K.:ˈpænθiˌɪzəm]

n.

泛神论

pantheism

1. pantheism
Pantheism is the religious belief that God is in everything in nature and the universe.
N-UNCOUNT

2. pantheism
Pantheism is a willingness to worship and believe in all gods.
N-UNCOUNT

pantheistic

[ˌpænθi:ˈistik]

adj.

泛神论的

pantheistic

pantheistic
Pantheistic religions involve believing that God is in everything in nature and the universe.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

pantheon

[D.J.:ˈpænθi:ˌɔn, -ən]

[K.K.:ˈpænθiˌɑn, -ən]

n.

(古罗马或希腊的)万神庙

(一国或一民族信奉的)众神

先贤祠,伟人祠

pantheon *

pantheon pantheons
You can refer to a group of gods or a group of important people as a pantheon . (WRITTEN)

- ...the birthplace of Krishna, another god of the Hindu pantheon...

- ...the Communist Party's pantheon of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

panther

[D.J.:ˈpænθə]

[K.K.:ˈpænθɚ]

n.

豹, 黑豹

美洲豹

panther *

panther panthers
A panther is a large wild animal that belongs to the cat family. Panthers are usually black.
N-COUNT

panties

[ˈpæntiz]

n.

(妇女或儿童的)短衬裤

panties

panties
Panties are short, close-fitting underpants worn by women or girls. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use pants or knickers )
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

panto

[ˈpæntəu]

n.

〈口〉手势,哑剧,舞剧

v.

打手势,演哑剧

panto

panto pantos
A panto is the same as a pantomime . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...a Christmas panto...

- I had one of my most embarrassing moments in panto in Nottingham.

N-VAR

pantomime

[D.J.:ˈpæntəˌmaɪm]

[K.K.:ˈpæntəˌmaɪm]

n.

童话剧

(讲故事时)面部和身体的表意动作

pantomime *

1. pantomime pantomimes
A pantomime is a funny musical play for children. Pantomimes are usually based on fairy stories and are performed at Christmas. (BRIT)
N-COUNT
= panto

2. pantomime
Pantomime is the form of entertainment which involves producing a pantomime. (BRIT)

- What she does very well is pantomime.

- He is currently starring in pantomime in Weston-super-Mare.

N-UNCOUNT

3. pantomime
Pantomime is acting something out without speaking.

- Chaplin feared that the art of pantomime was under threat.

N-UNCOUNT
= mime

4. pantomime
If you say that a situation or a person's behaviour is a pantomime , you mean that it is silly or exaggerated and that there is something false about it. (mainly BRIT)

- They were made welcome with the usual pantomime of exaggerated smiles and gestures.

- The rights of every American to good government have been damaged by the pantomime on Capitol Hill.

N-SING
= farce

pantry

[D.J.:ˈpæntri:]

[K.K.:ˈpæntri]

n.

(食品、餐具的)储藏室

pantry

pantry pantries
A pantry is a small room or large cupboard in a house, usually near the kitchen, where food is kept.
N-COUNT
= larder

pantyhose

pantyhose
Pantyhose are nylon tights worn by women. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use tights )
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N also panty hose .

pap

[D.J.:pæp]

[K.K.:pæp]

n.

奶头,半流质食物,〈美〉政治上的偏护

pap

pap
If you describe something such as information, writing, or entertainment as pap , you mean that you consider it to be of no worth, value, or serious interest.
N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= drivel

papa

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:pə, pəˈpɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈpɑpə, pəˈpɑ]

n.

(儿语)爸爸

papas

[ˈpɑ:pɑ:s]

n.

希腊教会的教区牧师

papa *

papa papas
Some people refer to or address their father as papa . (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He was so much older than me, older even than my papa.

N-FAMILY

papacy

[D.J.:ˈpeipəsi]

[K.K.:ˈpepəsi]

n.

罗马教皇职位,教皇的在位期间

papacy

papacy
The papacy is the position, power, and authority of the Pope, including the period of time that a particular person holds this position.

- Throughout his papacy, John Paul has called for a second evangelization of Europe.

N-SING: usu the N also Papacy .

papal

[D.J.:ˈpeɪpəl]

[K.K.:ˈpepəl]

adj.

教皇的,教皇职位或权力的,罗马教廷的,教皇任期的

papal *

papal
Papal is used to describe things relating to the Pope.

- ...the doctrine of papal infallibility.

ADJ: ADJ n

paparazzo

[D.J.:ˌpɑ:pəˈrɑ:tsəʊ]

[K.K.:ˌpɑpəˈrɑtso]

n.

专门追逐名人的摄影记者

paparazzo

paparazzo paparazzi
The paparazzi are photographers who follow famous people around, hoping to take interesting or shocking photographs of them that they can sell to a newspaper.

- The paparazzi pursue Armani wherever he travels.

N-COUNT: usu pl

papaya

[D.J.:pəˈpaiə]

[K.K.:pəˈpɑjə]

n.

番木瓜树,番木瓜果

papaya

papaya papayas
A papaya is a fruit with a green skin, sweet yellow flesh, and small black seeds. Papayas grow on trees in hot countries such as the West Indies.
N-COUNT
= pawpaw

paper

[D.J.:ˈpeipə]

[K.K.:ˈpepɚ]

n.

纸, 墙纸

〈口〉报纸

文件

文章, 论文

试卷

vt. & vi.

贴纸

vt.

用纸覆盖

隐瞒; 掩饰

papering

裱糊;墙纸

paper *****

1. paper
Paper is a material that you write on or wrap things with. The pages of this book are made of paper.

- He wrote his name down on a piece of paper for me.

- She sat at the table with pen and paper.

- ...a sheet of pretty wrapping paper.

- ...a paper bag.

N-UNCOUNT

2. paper papers
A paper is a newspaper.

- I might get a paper in the village.

- I'll cook and you read the paper.

N-COUNT

3. paper papers
You can refer to newspapers in general as the paper or the papers .

- You can't believe everything you read in the paper.

- There's been a lot in the papers about the problems facing stepchildren.

N-COUNT: the N
= the press

4. paper papers
Your papers are sheets of paper with writing or information on them, which you might keep in a safe place at home.

- After her death, her papers -- including unpublished articles and correspondence -- were deposited at the library.

N-PLURAL: usu with poss
= documents

5. paper papers
Your papers are official documents, for example your passport or identity card, which prove who you are or which give you official permission to do something.

- A young Moroccan stopped by police refused to show his papers.

- They have arrested four people who were trying to leave the country with forged papers.

N-PLURAL: usu poss N
= identification

6. paper papers
A paper is a long, formal piece of writing about an academic subject.

- He just published a paper in the journal Nature analyzing the fires.

N-COUNT

7. paper papers
A paper is an essay written by a student. (mainly AM)

- ...the ten common errors that appear most frequently in student papers.

N-COUNT
See also term paper .

8. paper papers
A paper is a part of a written examination in which you answer a number of questions in a particular period of time.

- We sat each paper in the Hall.

- She finished the exam paper.

- ...the applied mathematics paper.

N-COUNT

9. paper papers
A paper prepared by a government or a committee is a report on a question they have been considering or a set of proposals for changes in the law.

- ...a new government paper on European policy.

N-COUNT
See also Green Paper , White Paper .

10. paper
Paper agreements, qualifications, or profits are ones that are stated by official documents to exist, although they may not really be effective or useful.

- They expressed deep mistrust of the paper promises.

- We're looking for people who have experience rather than paper qualifications.

ADJ: ADJ n

11. paper papers papering papered
If you paper a wall, you put wallpaper on it.

- We papered all four bedrooms.

- We have papered this bedroom in softest grey.

- The room was strange, the walls half papered, half painted.

VB

12. paper
If you put your thoughts down on paper , you write them down.

- It is important to get something down on paper.

- It was the first time I had put it all down on paper. I found it helped.

PHR: PHR after v

13. paper
If something seems to be the case on paper , it seems to be the case from what you read or hear about it, but it may not really be the case.

- On paper, their country is a multi-party democracy.

- The family is estimated to have been worth, on paper at least, more than £1.1billion.

PHR
= in theory

14. paper
If you say that a promise, an agreement, or a guarantee is not worth the paper it's written on , you mean that although it has been written down and seems to be official, it is in fact worthless because what has been promised will not be done.
PHR: Vs inflect disapproval

paper

noun U.S.

1.

newspaper

daily

gazette

journal

2.

essay

article

dissertation

report

treatise

papers

3.

documents

certificates

deeds

records

letters

archive

diaries

documents

dossier

file

records

verb

4.

wallpaper

hang

paper over *****

paper over papers over; papering over; papered over
If people paper over a disagreement between them, they find a temporary solution to it in order to give the impression that things are going well.

- ...his determination to paper over the cracks in his party and avoid confrontation...

- Differences were papered over but by no means were they fully resolved.

PHR-V

paperback

[D.J.:ˈpeipəbæk]

[K.K.:ˈpepɚˌbæk]

n.

平装本, 平装书

paperback **

paperback paperbacks
A paperback is a book with a thin cardboard or paper cover. Compare hardback and softback .

- She said she would buy the book when it comes out in paperback.

N-COUNT: also in N

paperboy

[D.J.:ˈpeɪpəˌbɔɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpepɚˌbɔɪ]

n.

报童;送报人

paperboy

paperboy paperboys
A paperboy is a boy who delivers newspapers to people's homes.
N-COUNT also paper boy .

paper clip

paper clip paper clips
A paper clip is a small piece of bent wire that is used to fasten papers together.
N-COUNT also paper-clip , paperclip .

papergirl

[D.J.:ˈpeɪpəˌgɜ:l]

[K.K.:ˈpepɚˌɡɚl]

n.

女报童;女送报人

papergirl

papergirl papergirls
A papergirl is a girl who delivers newspapers to people's homes.
N-COUNT also paper girl .

paper knife

paper knife paper knives
A paper knife is a tool shaped like a knife, which is used for opening envelopes.
N-COUNT also paper-knife .

paperless

[D.J.:ˈpeipəlis]

[K.K.:ˈpepəlɪs]

adj.

无纸传输信息(或数据)的

paperless

paperless
Paperless is used to describe business or office work which is done by computer or telephone, rather than by writing things down.

- Paperless trading can save time and money.

- ...the paperless office.

ADJ: ADJ n

paper money

paper money
Paper money is money which is made of paper. Paper money is usually worth more than coins.
N-UNCOUNT

paper round

paper round paper rounds
A paper round is a job of delivering newspapers to houses along a particular route. Paper rounds are usually done by children before or after school. (BRIT; in AM use paper route )
N-COUNT

paper route

paper route paper routes
A paper route is the same as a paper round . (AM)
N-COUNT

paper shop

paper shop paper shops
A paper shop is a shop that sells newspapers and magazines, and also things such as tobacco, sweets, and cards. (BRIT)
N-COUNT
= newsagent

paper-thin

[D.J.:ˈpeipəˈθin]

[K.K.:ˌpepɚˈθɪn]

adj.

极薄的

paper-thin

paper-thin
If something is paper-thin , it is very thin.

- Cut the onion into paper-thin slices.

- The walls are paper thin; you can hear everything that goes on.

ADJ also paper thin .

paper tiger

paper tiger paper tigers
If you say that an institution, a country, or a person is a paper tiger , you mean that although they seem powerful they do not really have any power.
N-COUNT

paper trail

paper trail
Documents which provide evidence of someone's activities can be referred to as a paper trail . (mainly AM)

- Criminals are very reluctant to leave a paper trail.

N-SING

paperweight

[D.J.:ˈpeɪpəˌweɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpepɚˌwet]

n.

镇纸

paperweight

paperweight paperweights
A paperweight is a small heavy object which you place on papers to prevent them from being disturbed or blown away.
N-COUNT

paperwork

[D.J.:ˈpeɪpəˌwɜ:k]

[K.K.:ˈpepɚˌwə..k]

n.

文书工作

paperwork *

paperwork
Paperwork is the routine part of a job which involves writing or dealing with letters, reports, and records.

- At every stage in the production there will be paperwork -- forms to fill in, permissions to obtain, letters to write.

N-UNCOUNT

papery

[D.J.:ˈpeɪpəri:]

[K.K.:ˈpepəri]

adj.

纸一样的;薄而干的

papery

papery
Something that is papery is thin and dry like paper.

- Leave each garlic clove in its papery skin.

ADJ

papier-mâch´e

papier-mâch´e
Papier-mâch´e is a mixture of pieces of paper and glue. It can be made, while still damp, into objects such as bowls, ornaments, and models.

- Hannah Downes designs, makes and decorates papier-mâch´e bowls, plates, mirror frames, shelves and wall plaques.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

papist

[D.J.:ˈpeipist]

[K.K.:ˈpepɪst]

n.

教皇制信奉者,天主教徒

papist

papist papists
Some Protestants refer to Catholics as Papists . (OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT also Papist .

paprika

[D.J.:ˈpæprikə]

[K.K.:pæˈprikə, pə-, ˈpæprɪkə]

n.

红辣椒,辣椒粉

paprika

paprika
Paprika is a red powder used for flavouring meat and other food.
N-UNCOUNT

pap smear

pap smear pap smears
A pap smear is a medical test in which cells are taken from a woman's cervix and analysed to see if any cancer cells are present. (AM; in BRIT use smear )
N-COUNT also pap test

papyrus

[D.J.:pəˈpaɪərəs]

[K.K.:pəˈpaɪrəs]

n.

纸莎草

纸莎草纸

papyrus

1. papyrus
Papyrus is a tall water plant that grows in Africa.
N-UNCOUNT

2. papyrus
Papyrus is a type of paper made from papyrus stems that was used in ancient Egypt, Rome, and Greece.
N-UNCOUNT

3. papyrus papyri
A papyrus is an ancient document that is written on papyrus.
N-COUNT

par

[D.J.:pɑ:]

[K.K.:pɑr]

n.

同等,同价,同位

平均,标准

(健康等的)常态

平价;票面价值

(高尔夫球中的)标准杆数

adj.

与票面价值相等的,平价的

常态的,平均的,一般标准的

be below/under par

不够标准；不太好；不及平常(或预期的)好

be on a par with sb/sth

与…相等；与…不相上下

be (about) par for the course

意料之中；没什么不寻常

be up to/above par

达到/超过标准(或质量等)

par **

1. par
If you say that two people or things are on a par with each other, you mean that they are equally good or bad, or equally important.

- Parts of Glasgow are on a par with the worst areas of London and Liverpool for burglaries.

PHR: PHR n/-ing, usu v-link PHR, PHR after v

2. par
In golf, par is the number of strokes that a good player should take to get the ball into a hole or into all the holes on a particular golf course.

- He was five under par after the first round.

N-UNCOUNT: N with num, under/over N

3. par
If you say that someone or something is below par or under par , you are disappointed in them because they are below the standard you expected.

- Duffy's primitive guitar playing is well below par.

- A teacher's job is relatively safe, even if they perform under par in the classroom.

- ...a below par effort.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v, PHR n
≠ up to scratch

4. par
If you say that someone or something is not up to par , you are disappointed in them because they are below the standard you expected.

- His performance was not up to par.

- It's a constant struggle to try to keep them up to par.

PHR: usu with neg, v-link PHR, PHR after v

5. par
If you feel below par or under par , you feel tired and unable to perform as well as you normally do.
PHR: usu v-link PHR
= under the weather

6. par
If you say that something that happens is par for the course , you mean that you are not pleased with it but it is what you expected to happen.

- He said long hours are par for the course.

PHR: v-link PHR
= typical

par

noun

average

level

mean

norm

standard

usual

para

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:rə]

[K.K.:pɑˈrɑ, ˈpɑrɑ]

n.

〈口〉帕拉胶

paras

[ˈpærəz]

n.

〈英〉〈非正〉伞兵部队，空降部队

para

para paras
A para is a paratrooper . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...some guys who had just come out of the paras.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu the N

para.

para.
Para. is a written abbreviation for paragraph .

- See Chapter 9, para. 1.2.

= paragraph

parable

[D.J.:ˈpærəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈpærəbəl]

n.

(圣经中的)寓言故事

parable *

parable parables
A parable is a short story, which is told in order to make a moral or religious point, like those in the Bible.

- ... the parable of the Good Samaritan...

- The story is a pleasing parable of the problems created by an excess of wealth.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

parable

noun

lesson

allegory

fable

moral tale

story

parabola

[D.J.:pəˈræbələ]

[K.K.:pəˈræbələ]

n.

抛物线

parabola

parabola parabolas
A parabola is a type of curve such as the path of something that is thrown up into the air and comes down in a different place. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT
= arc

parabolic

[D.J.:ˌpærəˈbɔlik]

[K.K.:ˌpærəˈbɑlɪk]

adj.

比喻的,寓言似的

parabolic

parabolic
A parabolic object or curve is shaped like a parabola.

- ...a parabolic mirror.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

paracetamol

n.

扑热息痛

paracetamol

paracetamol
Paracetamol is a mild drug which reduces pain and fever. (BRIT)

- I often take paracetamol at work if I get a bad headache.

- I took 2 paracetamol.

N-VAR paracetamol is both the singular and the plural form

parachute

[D.J.:ˈpærəʃu:t]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌʃut]

n.

降落伞

vt. & vi.

用降落伞降落

parachute *

1. parachute parachutes
A parachute is a device which enables a person to jump from an aircraft and float safely to the ground. It consists of a large piece of thin cloth attached to your body by strings.

- They fell 41,000 ft. before opening their parachutes.

- UN troops could be landed by helicopter or even by parachute.

N-COUNT: also by N

2. parachute parachutes parachuting parachuted
If a person parachutes or someone parachutes them somewhere, they jump from an aircraft using a parachute.

- He was a courier for the Polish underground and parachuted into Warsaw.

- He was parachuted in.

V-ERG

3. parachute parachutes parachuting parachuted
To parachute something somewhere means to drop it somewhere by parachute.

- Planes parachuted food, clothing, blankets, medicine and water into the rugged mountainous border region.

- Supplies were parachuted into the mountains.

VB
= drop

parachuting

parachuting
Parachuting is the activity or sport of jumping from an aircraft with a parachute.

- His hobby is freefall parachuting.

N-UNCOUNT

parachutist

[D.J.:ˈpærəʃu:tɪst ]

n.

跳伞者

parachutist

parachutist parachutists
A parachutist is a person who jumps from an aircraft using a parachute.

- He was an experienced parachutist who had done over 150 jumps.

N-COUNT

parade

[D.J.:pəˈreid]

[K.K.:pəˈred]

vt. & vi.

(使)集合接受检阅

游行; 列队行进

vt.

展示; 炫耀

n.

(部队的)检阅

游行

parade **

1. parade parades
A parade is a procession of people or vehicles moving through a public place in order to celebrate an important day or event.

- A military parade marched slowly and solemnly down Pennsylvania Avenue.

N-COUNT

2. parade parades parading paraded
When people parade somewhere, they walk together in a formal group or a line, usually with other people watching them.

- More than four thousand soldiers, sailors and airmen paraded down the Champs Elysee.

- Everybody was beginning to parade back to the village.

VB

3. parade parades
Parade is a formal occasion when soldiers stand in lines to be seen by an officer or important person, or march in a group.

- He had them on parade at six o'clock in the morning.

- Morning parade was in progress on the parade ground.

N-VAR: oft on N

4. parade parades parading paraded
If flags or statues are paraded , they are carried in a procession.

- Banners were paraded from church to church on feast days.

VB: usu passive

5. parade parades parading paraded
If prisoners are paraded through the streets of a town or on television, they are shown to the public, usually in order to make the people who are holding them seem more powerful or important.

- Five leading fighter pilots have been captured and paraded before the media.

VB: usu passive

6. parade parades parading paraded
If you say that someone parades a person, you mean that they show that person to others only in order to gain some advantage for themselves.

- Every day in this election campaign children have been paraded alongside the party leaders to publicise the latest issue.

VB: usu passive

7. parade parades parading paraded
If people parade something, they show it in public so that it can be admired.

- Valentino is keen to see celebrities parading his clothes at big occasions.

VB
= show off

8. parade parades parading paraded
If someone parades , they walk about somewhere in order to be seen and admired.

- I love to put on a bathing suit and parade on the beach.

- They danced and paraded around.

VB

9. parade parades parading paraded
If someone parades a real or pretended feeling or quality, they draw attention to themselves by displaying it.

- They parade their virtuous beliefs and hide their vices.

- Women were not supposed to parade their ambition nakedly.

VB
= flaunt

10. parade parades parading paraded
If you say that something parades as or is paraded as a good or important thing, you mean that some people say that it is good or important but you think it probably is not.

- The Chancellor will be able to parade his cut in interest rates as a small victory.

- She might have been paraded as a woman who was working hard to change her ways.

- ...all the fashions that parade as modern movements in art.

V-ERG

11. parade parades
If you talk about a parade of people or things, you mean that there is a series of them that seems never to end.

- When I ask Nick about his childhood, he remembers a parade of baby-sitters.

- ...an endless parade of advertisements.

N-COUNT: N of n

12. parade parades
A parade is a short row of shops, usually set back from the main street. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

13. parade
Parade is used as part of the name of a street.

- Queens Hotel, Clarence Parade, Southsea.

N-IN-NAMES

parade

noun

1.

procession

array

cavalcade

march

pageant

2.

show

display

spectacle

verb

3.

flaunt

display

exhibit

show off informal

4.

march

process

parade ground

parade ground parade grounds
A parade ground is an area of ground where soldiers practise marching and have parades.
N-COUNT

paradigm

[D.J.:ˈpærəˌdaɪm, -ˌdɪm]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌdaɪm, -ˌdɪm]

n.

(一词的)词形变化表

范例;样式;模范

paradigm *

1. paradigm paradigms
A paradigm is a model for something which explains it or shows how it can be produced. (FORMAL)

- ...a new paradigm of production.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= pattern

2. paradigm paradigms
A paradigm is a clear and typical example of something. (FORMAL)

- By the time the war was over he had become the paradigm of the successful man.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

paradigm

noun

model

example

ideal

pattern

paradigmatic

[D.J.:ˌpærədɪgˈmætɪk]

[K.K.:ˌpærədɪɡˈmætɪk]

adj.

范例的

<语>词形变化(表)的

paradigmatic

paradigmatic
You can describe something as paradigmatic if it acts as a model or example for something. (FORMAL)

- Their great academic success was paraded as paradigmatic.

ADJ

paradise

[D.J.:ˈpærədais]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌdaɪs, -ˌdaɪz]

n.

天堂, 天国

伊甸园

理想[完美]的地方, 乐园, 乐土

完美快乐的境界, 至福, 极乐

paradise **

1. paradise
According to some religions, paradise is a wonderful place where people go after they die, if they have led good lives.

- The Koran describes paradise as a place containing a garden of delight.

- If they were captured they wished to die, believing that they would go to paradise.

N-PROPER
= heaven

2. paradise paradises
You can refer to a place or situation that seems beautiful or perfect as paradise or a paradise .

- ...one of the world's great natural paradises...

- Scott is living and working at a mission for the homeless. He calls it a paradise compared to the camp.

N-VAR

3. paradise paradises
You can also use paradise to say that a place is very attractive to a particular kind of person and has everything they need for a particular activity.

- The Algarve is a golfer's paradise.

- Very few people have the money to take advantage of this consumer paradise.

N-COUNT: supp N
See also fool's paradise .

paradise

noun

1.

heaven

Elysian fields

Happy Valley

Promised Land

2.

bliss

delight

felicity

heaven

utopia

paradox

[D.J.:ˈpærədɔks]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌdɑks]

n.

似非而是的隽语, 看似矛盾而实际却可能正确的说法

用于语言文学中的上述隽语

有矛盾特点的人[事物, 情况]

paradox *

1. paradox paradoxes
You describe a situation as a paradox when it involves two or more facts or qualities which seem to contradict each other.

- The paradox is that the region's most dynamic economies have the most primitive financial systems.

- The paradox of exercise is that while using a lot of energy it seems to generate more.

- Death itself is a paradox, the end yet the beginning.

N-COUNT
= enigma

2. paradox paradoxes
A paradox is a statement in which it seems that if one part of it is true, the other part of it cannot be true.

- The story contains many levels of paradox.

- Although I'm so successful I'm really rather a failure. That's a paradox, isn't it?

N-VAR

paradox

noun

contradiction

anomaly

enigma

oddity

puzzle

paradoxical

[ˌpærəˈdɔksikl]

adj.

事与愿违的; 出乎意料的; 怪诞的

自相矛盾的

paradoxical *

1. paradoxical
If something is paradoxical , it involves two facts or qualities which seem to contradict each other.

- Some sedatives produce the paradoxical effect of making the person more anxious.

- We were a team of individuals -- as paradoxical as that sounds.

ADJ-GRADED

2. paradoxically

- Paradoxically, the less you have to do the more you may resent the work that does come your way.

- ...a growing up that paradoxically involves remaining a child, too.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with cl/group, ADV with v

paradoxical

adjective

contradictory

baffling

confounding

enigmatic

puzzling

paraffin

[D.J.:ˈpærəfɪn]

[K.K.:ˈpærəfɪn]

n.

煤油

石蜡

paraffin

1. paraffin
Paraffin is a strong-smelling liquid which is used as a fuel in heaters, lamps, and engines. (mainly BRIT; in AM use kerosene )

- ...a paraffin lamp.

N-UNCOUNT
= kerosene

2. paraffin
Paraffin wax, or in American English paraffin , is a white wax obtained from petrol or coal. It is used to make candles and in beauty treatments.
N-UNCOUNT

paraglide

1. paraglide paraglides paragliding paraglided
If a person paraglides , they jump from an aircraft or off a hill or tall building while wearing a special parachute which allows them to control the way they float to the ground.

- They planned to paraglide from Long Mountain.

VB

2. paragliding

- Hang gliding and paragliding are allowed from the top of Windy Hill.

N-UNCOUNT

paraglider

[D.J.:ˈpærəˌɡlaidə]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌɡlaɪdɚ]

n.

翼伞飞行器,滑翔伞,翼伞

paraglider

1. paraglider
A paraglider is a special type of parachute that you use for paragliding.
N-COUNT

2. paraglider paragliders
A paraglider is a person who paraglides.
N-COUNT

paragon

[D.J.:ˈpærəˌgɔn, -gən]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌɡɑn, -ɡən]

n.

模范,典型,完美的人或物

a paragon of virtue

十全十美的人；完美无缺的人

paragon *

paragon paragons
If you refer to someone as a paragon , you mean that they are perfect or have a lot of a good quality.

- We don't expect candidates to be paragons of virtue.

- ...a paragon of neatness, efficiency and reliability...

- He was not a paragon. He would never be perfect.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

paragon

noun

model

epitome

exemplar

ideal

nonpareil

pattern

quintessence

paragraph

[D.J.:ˈpærəɡrɑ:f]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌɡræf]

n.

段落

短篇报道

paragraph **

paragraph paragraphs
A paragraph is a section of a piece of writing. A paragraph always begins on a new line and contains at least one sentence.

- The length of a paragraph depends on the information it conveys.

- Paragraph 81 sets out the rules that should apply if a gift is accepted.

N-COUNT

paragraph

noun

section

clause

item

part

passage

subdivision

parakeet

[D.J.:ˈpærəˌki:t]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌkit]

n.

<动>长尾小鹦鹉

parakeet

parakeet parakeets
A parakeet is a type of small parrot which is brightly coloured and has a long tail.
N-COUNT also parrakeet .

paralegal

[D.J.:ˌpærəˈli:ɡəl]

[K.K.:ˌpærəˈliɡəl]

adj.

辅助律师业务的

n.

律师的专职助手,律师帮办

paralegal

paralegal paralegals
A paralegal is someone who helps lawyers with their work but is not yet completely qualified as a lawyer. (AM)
N-COUNT

parallax

[D.J.:ˈpærəˌlæks]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌlæks]

n.

视差(量)；视差角度

parallax

parallax parallaxes
Parallax is when an object appears to change its position because the person or instrument observing it has changed their position. (TECHNICAL)
N-VAR

parallel

[D.J.:ˈpærəlel]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌlɛl]

adj.

(指至少两条线)平行的

类似的; 相对应的

n.

平行线[面]

极相似的人[事物]

类似(点), 相似(之处)

比较

纬线, 纬圈

vt.

与…平行; 与…相当

parallels

[ˈpærəˌlels]

n.

导轨

parallel **

1. parallel parallels
If something has a parallel , it is similar to something else, but exists or happens in a different place or at a different time. If it has no parallel or is without parallel , it is not similar to anything else.

- Readers familiar with English history will find a vague parallel to the suppression of the monasteries.

- It's an ecological disaster with no parallel anywhere else in the world.

- ...an achievement without parallel in the modern era.

N-COUNT
= equivalent

2. parallel parallels
If there are parallels between two things, they are similar in some ways.

- Detailed study of folk music from a variety of countries reveals many close parallels.

- There are significant parallels with the 1980s.

- Friends of the dead lawyer were quick to draw a parallel between the two murders.

N-COUNT: oft N between/to/with n

3. parallel parallels parallelling parallelled
If one thing parallels another, they happen at the same time or are similar, and often seem to be connected.

- Often there are emotional reasons paralleling the financial ones.

- The change in smoking is paralleled by a change in the incidence of lung cancer.

- His remarks paralleled those of the president.

VB (AM) paralleling , paralleled
= echo

4. parallel
Parallel events or situations happen at the same time as one another, or are similar to one another.

- ...parallel talks between the two countries' Foreign Ministers...

- Their instincts do not always run parallel with ours.

- This is a real world, running parallel to our own.

ADJ: oft ADJ with/to n

5. parallel
If two lines, two objects, or two lines of movement are parallel , they are the same distance apart along their whole length.

- ...seventy-two ships, drawn up in two parallel lines...

- Farthing Lane's just above the High Street and parallel with it.

- This trail was roughly parallel to the border.

ADJ: oft ADJ to/with n

6. parallel parallels
A parallel is an imaginary line round the earth that is parallel to the equator. Parallels are shown on maps.

- ...the area south of the 38th parallel.

N-COUNT: usu the ord N

7. parallel
Something that occurs in parallel with something else occurs at the same time as it.

- Davies has managed to pursue his diverse interests in parallel with his fast-moving career.

- Progress on this issue must be made in parallel to any moves on the economic front.

PHR: PHR after v, usu PHR with/to n
= in concurrence

parallel

adjective

1.

equidistant

alongside

side by side

2.

matching

analogous

corresponding

like

resembling

similar

noun

3.

equivalent

analogue

counterpart

equal

match

twin

4.

similarity

analogy

comparison

likeness

resemblance

parallel bars

parallel bars
Parallel bars consist of a pair of horizontal bars on posts, which are used for doing physical exercises.
N-PLURAL

parallelism

[D.J.:ˈpærəlelizəm]

[K.K.:ˈpærəlɛlˌɪzəm]

n.

平行,对应,类似

parallelism

parallelism
When there is parallelism between two things, there are similarities between them. (FORMAL)

- The commission sees growing parallelism between the priorities of the European Community and the United States.

N-UNCOUNT

parallelogram

[D.J.:ˌpærəˈleləˌgræm]

[K.K.:ˌpærəˈlɛləˌɡræm]

n.

<数>平行四边形

parallelogram

parallelogram parallelograms
A parallelogram is a four-sided shape in which each side is parallel to the side opposite it.
N-COUNT

parallel processing

parallel processing
In computing, parallel processing is a system in which several instructions are carried out at the same time instead of one after the other. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

paralyse

[D.J.:ˈpærəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使瘫痪[麻痹]

使不能正常活动

paralysed

麻痹[瘫痪]的;惊呆的

paralyse *

1. paralyse paralyses paralysing paralysed
If someone is paralysed by an accident or an illness, they have no feeling in their body, or in part of their body, and are unable to move.

- Her married sister had been paralysed in a road accident.

- ...a virus which paralysed his legs.

VB (AM) paralyze
= immobilize

2. paralysed

- The disease left him with a paralysed right arm.

- ...sports for people paralysed by illness or injury.

ADJ

3. paralyse paralyses paralysing paralysed
If a person, place, or organization is paralysed by something, they become unable to act or function properly.

- For weeks now the government has been paralysed by indecision.

- He was suddenly paralysed by fear.

- The strike has virtually paralysed the island.

VB (AM) paralyze

4. paralysed

- He was absolutely paralysed with shock.

- ...an indefinite period of chaos, with disrupted air services and a paralysed civil service.

ADJ

5. paralysing

- ...paralysing shyness.

- ...a wave of paralysing strikes.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

paralyse

verb

1.

disable

cripple

incapacitate

lame

2.

immobilize

freeze

halt

numb

petrify

stun

paralysis

[D.J.:pəˈrælɪsɪs]

[K.K.:pəˈrælɪsɪs]

n.

<医>麻痹,瘫痪,中风;能力的丧失,无能

paralysis *

1. paralysis
Paralysis is the loss of the ability to move and feel in all or part of your body.

- ...paralysis of the leg.

N-UNCOUNT

2. paralysis
Paralysis is the state of being unable to act or function properly.

- The paralysis of the leadership leaves the army without its supreme command.

- ...a kind of mental paralysis.

N-UNCOUNT

paralysis

noun

1.

immobility

palsy

2.

standstill

breakdown

halt

stoppage

paralytic

[D.J.:ˌpærəˈlitik]

[K.K.:ˌpærəˈlɪtɪk]

adj.

瘫痪的

n.

瘫痪病人

paralytic

1. paralytic
Paralytic means suffering from or related to paralysis.

- We were able to reverse paralytic disease in laboratory animals.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. paralytic
Someone who is paralytic is very drunk. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- By the end of the evening they were all absolutely paralytic.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

paralytic

adjective

paralysed

crippled

disabled

incapacitated

lame

palsied

paramedic

[D.J.:ˌpærəˈmedɪk]

[K.K.:ˌpærəˈmɛdɪk]

n.

<美>护理人员,医务辅助人员

paramedic

paramedic paramedics
A paramedic is a person whose training is similar to that of a nurse and who helps to do medical work.

- We intend to have a paramedic on every ambulance within the next three years.

N-COUNT

paramedical

[D.J.:ˌpærəˈmedikəl]

[K.K.:ˌpærəˈmɛdɪkəl]

adj.

辅助医务的

paramedical

paramedical
Paramedical workers and services help doctors and nurses in medical work.

- ...doctors and paramedical staff.

ADJ: ADJ n

parameter

[D.J.:pəˈræmitə]

[K.K.:pəˈræmɪtɚ]

n.

(限定性的)因素, 特性, 界限

〈物〉〈数〉参量, 参数

parameter *

parameter parameters
Parameters are factors or limits which affect the way that something can be done or made. (FORMAL)

- That would be enough to make sure we fell within the parameters of our loan agreement.

- ...some of the parameters that determine the taste of a wine.

N-COUNT: usu pl

parameter

noun Informal

limit

framework

limitation

restriction

specification

paramilitary

[D.J.:ˌpærəˈmɪlɪˌteri:]

[K.K.:ˌpærəˈmɪlɪˌtɛri]

adj.

与正规军有联系的, 辅助正规军的, 准军事性质的

像正规军的, 企图作正规军使用的

paramilitary *

1. paramilitary
A paramilitary organization is organized like an army and performs either civil or military functions in a country.

- Searches by the army and paramilitary forces have continued today.

- Paramilitary police units are taking part in rescue efforts.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. paramilitary paramilitaries
Paramilitaries are members of a paramilitary organization.

- Paramilitaries and army recruits patrolled the village.

- They had cropped heads and wore paramilitary uniforms.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. paramilitary
A paramilitary organization is an illegal group that is organized like an army.

- ...a law which said that all paramilitary groups must be disarmed...

- There are signs of paramilitary activity supported from abroad.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. paramilitary paramilitaries
Paramilitaries are members of an illegal paramilitary organization.

- Loyalist paramilitaries were blamed for the shooting.

N-COUNT: usu pl

paramount

[D.J.:ˈpærəˌmaʊnt]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌmaʊnt]

adj.

最高的, 至上的;首要的, 主要的

paramount *

paramount
Something that is paramount or of paramount importance is more important than anything else.

- The child's welfare must be seen as paramount.

- Nitrogen is of paramount importance to life on earth.

- ...the paramount need for a peaceful solution to the crisis.

ADJ

paramount

adjective

principal

cardinal

chief

first

foremost

main

primary

prime

supreme

paramour

[D.J.:ˈpærəmuə]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌmʊr]

n.

情夫,情妇,〈古〉情人

paramour

paramour paramours
Someone's paramour is their lover. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT: oft poss N
= beloved

paranoia

[D.J.:ˌpærəˈnɔɪə]

[K.K.:ˌpærəˈnɔɪə]

n.

<医>妄想狂,偏执狂

(对别人的)瞎猜疑,疑神疑鬼

paranoia *

1. paranoia
If you say that someone suffers from paranoia , you think that they are too suspicious and afraid of other people.

- The mood is one of paranoia and expectation of war.

- ...the mounting paranoia with which he viewed the world around him.

N-UNCOUNT

2. paranoia
In psychology, if someone suffers from paranoia , they wrongly believe that other people are trying to harm them, or believe themselves to be much more important than they really are.
N-UNCOUNT

paranoiac

[D.J.:ˌpærəˈnɔiæk]

[K.K.:ˌpærəˈnɔɪˌæk, -ˈnɔɪɪk]

adj.

偏执狂的

n.

偏执狂患者

paranoiac

paranoiac
Paranoiac means the same as paranoid . (FORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED

paranoid

[D.J.:ˈpærəˌnɔɪd]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌnɔɪd]

adj.

(似)患妄想狂的;(似)多疑的

paranoid *

1. paranoid
If you say that someone is paranoid , you mean that they are extremely suspicious and afraid of other people.

- I'm not going to get paranoid about it.

- ...a paranoid politician who saw enemies all around him.

- ...an increasingly paranoid and fearful society.

ADJ-GRADED

2. paranoid
Someone who is paranoid suffers from the mental illness of paranoia.

- ...paranoid delusions.

- ...a paranoid schizophrenic.

ADJ

3. paranoid paranoids
A paranoid is someone who is paranoid.
N-COUNT

paranoid

adjective

1.

mentally ill

deluded

disturbed

manic

neurotic

paranoiac

psychotic

2.

suspicious

fearful

nervous

worried

paranormal

[D.J.:ˌpærəˈnɔ:məl]

[K.K.:ˌpærəˈnɔrməl]

adj.

超出科学可知范围的,不正常的, 奇异的

paranormal

1. paranormal
A paranormal event or power, for example the appearance of a ghost, cannot be explained by scientific laws and is thought to involve strange, unknown forces.

- Science may be able to provide some explanations of paranormal phenomena.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= supernatural

2. paranormal
You can refer to paranormal events and matters as the paranormal .

- We have been looking at the shadowy world of the paranormal.

N-SING: the N
= supernatural

parapet

[D.J.:ˈpærəpit]

[K.K.:ˈpærəpɪt, -ˌpɛt]

n.

护墙, 矮墙

〈军〉(战壕前作掩护用的)胸墙

parapet

1. parapet parapets
A parapet is a low wall along the edge of something high such as a bridge or roof.
N-COUNT

2. parapet
If you say that someone puts their head above the parapet , you mean they take a risk. If you say they keep their head below the parapet , you mean they avoid taking a risk. (BRIT)
PHR: V and head inflect

paraphernalia

[D.J.:ˌpærəfəˈneɪljə, -fəˈneɪljə]

[K.K.:ˌpærəfɚˈneljə, -fəˈneljə]

n.

个人用品,随身用具

必要但烦琐的手续,复杂的程序

paraphernalia *

1. paraphernalia
You can refer to a large number of objects that someone has with them or that are connected with a particular activity as paraphernalia .

- ...a large courtyard full of builders' paraphernalia...

- Get rid of all cigarettes and ashtrays and other paraphernalia associated with smoking.

N-UNCOUNT
= stuff

2. paraphernalia
If you disapprove of the things and events that are involved in a particular system or activity, and you think they are unnecessary, you can refer to them as paraphernalia .

- The public don't necessarily want the paraphernalia of a full hearing.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n disapproval
= trappings

paraphernalia

noun Informal

equipment

apparatus

baggage

belongings

effects

gear

stuff

tackle

things

trappings

paraphrase

[D.J.:ˈpærəˌfreɪz]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌfrez]

n.

释义, 意译

paraphrase

1. paraphrase paraphrases paraphrasing paraphrased
If you paraphrase someone or paraphrase something that they have said or written, you express what they have said or written in a different way.

- Parents, to paraphrase Philip Larkin, can seriously damage your health.

- Baxter paraphrased the contents of the press release.

- I'm paraphrasing but this is honestly what he said.

VB

2. paraphrase paraphrases
A paraphrase of something written or spoken is the same thing expressed in a different way.
N-COUNT: oft N of n

paraphrase

noun

1.

rewording

rephrasing

restatement

verb

2.

reword

express in other words or one's own words

rephrase

restate

paraplegia

[D.J.:ˌpærəˈpli:dʒiə]

[K.K.:ˌpærəˈplidʒiə, -dʒə]

n.

截瘫,下身麻痹

paraplegia

paraplegia
Paraplegia is the condition of being unable to move the lower half of your body. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

paraplegic

adj.

(患)截瘫的

n.

截瘫患者

paraplegic

1. paraplegic paraplegics
A paraplegic is someone who cannot move the lower half of their body, for example because of an injury to their spine.
N-COUNT

2. paraplegic
Also an adjective.

- A passenger was injured so badly he will be paraplegic for the rest of his life.

ADJ

parapsychology

[D.J.:ˌpærəsaɪˈkɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˌpærəsaɪˈkɑlədʒi]

n.

诡异心理学,通灵学

parapsychology

parapsychology
Parapsychology is the study of strange mental abilities that seem to exist but cannot be explained by accepted scientific theories.
N-UNCOUNT

paraquat

[D.J.:ˈpærəˌkwæt]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌkwɑt]

n.

百草枯(一种除草剂)

paraquat

paraquat
Paraquat is a very poisonous substance that is used to kill weeds. (TRADEMARK)
N-UNCOUNT

parasite

[D.J.:ˈpærəsait]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌsaɪt]

n.

寄生物

靠他人为生的人

parasites

寄生现象;寄生效应;寄生振荡;诸虫

parasite *

1. parasite parasites
A parasite is a small animal or plant that lives on or inside a larger animal or plant, and gets its food from it.
N-COUNT

2. parasite parasites
If you disapprove of someone because you think that they get money or other things from other people but do not do anything in return, you can call them a parasite .
N-COUNT disapproval
= sponger

parasite

noun

sponger informal

bloodsucker informal

hanger-on

leech

scrounger informal

parasitic

[D.J.:ˌpærəˈsɪtɪk]

[K.K.:ˌpærəˈsɪtɪk]

adj.

寄生的;寄生虫的

由寄生虫引起的

parasitically

adv.

寄生地;由寄生虫引起地

parasitic *

1. parasitic
Parasitic diseases are caused by parasites.

- Will global warming mean the spread of tropical parasitic diseases?

ADJ: usu ADJ n also parasitical .

2. parasitic
Parasitic animals and plants live on or inside larger animals or plants and get their food from them.

- ...tiny parasitic insects.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also parasitical .

3. parasitic
If you describe a person or organization as parasitic , you mean that they get money or other things from people without doing anything in return.
ADJ also parasitical . disapproval

parasitic parasitical

adjective

scrounging informal

bloodsucking informal

sponging informal

parasol

[D.J.:ˈpærəˌsɔ:l, -ˌsɔl]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌsɔl, -ˌsɑl]

n.

太阳伞

parasol

parasol parasols
A parasol is an object like an umbrella that provides shade from the sun.
N-COUNT
= sunshade

paratrooper

[D.J.:ˈpærətru:pə]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌtrupɚ]

n.

伞兵

paratrooper *

paratrooper paratroopers
Paratroopers are soldiers who are trained to be dropped by parachute into battle or into enemy territory.
N-COUNT: usu pl
= para

paratroops

[D.J.:ˈpærətru:ps]

[K.K.:ˈpærəˌtrups]

n.

伞兵部队

paratroops

paratroops
Paratroops are soldiers who are trained to be dropped by parachute into battle or into enemy territory.

- The airport is in the hands of French paratroops.

- ...special paratroop regiments.

N-PLURAL The form paratroop is used as a modifier
= paras

parboil

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:bɔil]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrˌbɔɪl]

vt.

煮半熟,使过热

parboil

parboil parboils parboiling parboiled
If you parboil food, especially vegetables, you boil it until it is partly cooked.

- Roughly chop and parboil the potatoes, then saut´e them in butter.

VB

parcel

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:səl]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrsəl]

n.

包裹

一块地

vt.

给…打成包裹

分成若干部分

parcel **

1. parcel parcels
A parcel is something wrapped in paper, usually so that it can be sent to someone by post. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use package )

- ...parcels of food and clothing...

- He had a large brown paper parcel under his left arm.

N-COUNT (AM) parceling , parceled

2. parcel parcels
A parcel of land is a piece of land.

- These small parcels of land were purchased for the most part by local people.

N-COUNT: N of n (AM) parceling , parceled

3. parcel parcels
A parcel of things or people is a quantity of them. (mainly BRIT)

- The woman who became his wife would be acquiring not just a husband but a run-down house and a parcel of financial worries.

N-COUNT: N of n (AM) parceling , parceled

4. parcel
If you say that something is part and parcel of something else, you are emphasizing that it is involved or included in it.

- Payment was part and parcel of carrying on insurance business within the UK.

- It's all part and parcel -- just a day's work really you know.

PHR: v-link PHR, usu PHR of n (AM) parceling , parceled emphasis

parcel

noun

1.

package

bundle

pack

verb

often with up 2.

wrap

do up

pack

package

tie up

parcel out **

parcel out parcels out; parcelling out; parcelled out
If you parcel out something, you divide it into several parts or amounts and give them to different people.

- They signed an agreement that parcelled out the Middle East into several spheres of influence.

PHR-V (AM) parceling , parceled
= divide

parcel bomb

parcel bomb parcel bombs
A parcel bomb is a small bomb which is sent in a parcel through the post and which is designed to explode when the parcel is opened. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

parched

[pɑ:tʃt]

adj.

炎热的

parched

1. parched
If something, especially the ground or a plant, is parched , it is very dry, because there has been no rain.

- The clouds gathered and showers poured down upon the parched earth.

- ...a hill of parched brown grass.

ADJ-GRADED

2. parched
If your mouth, throat, or lips are parched , they are unpleasantly dry.
ADJ-GRADED
= dry

3. parched
If you say that you are parched , you mean that you are very thirsty. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

parched

adjective

dried out or up

arid

dehydrated

dry

thirsty

parchment

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:tʃmənt]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrtʃmənt]

n.

羊皮纸

羊皮纸古文稿

上等纸;印在上等纸上的正式文字

parchment

1. parchment
In former times, parchment was the skin of a sheep or goat that was used for writing on.

- ...old manuscripts written on parchment.

N-UNCOUNT

2. parchment
Parchment is a kind of thick yellowish paper.

- ...an old lamp with a parchment shade...

- Cover with a sheet of non-stick baking parchment.

N-UNCOUNT

3. parchment parchments
A parchment is a document written on parchment.
N-COUNT

pardon

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:dən]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrdn]

vt.

宽恕, 原谅

n.

饶恕, 原谅

赦免

pardon **

1. pardon
You say ` Pardon? ' or ` I beg your pardon? ' or, in American English, ` Pardon me? ' when you want someone to repeat what they have just said because you have not heard or understood it. (SPOKEN)

- `Will you let me open it?' --- `Pardon?' --- `Can I open it?'.

- `Does it have wires coming out of it?' --- `Pardon me?' --- `Does it have wires coming out of it?'

CONVENTION formulae

2. pardon
People say ` I beg your pardon? ' when they are surprised or offended by something that someone has just said. (SPOKEN)

- `Would you get undressed, please?' --- `I beg your pardon?' --- `Will you get undressed?'

CONVENTION feelings

3. pardon
You say ` I beg your pardon ' or ` I do beg your pardon ' as a way of apologizing for accidentally doing something wrong, such as disturbing someone or making a mistake. (SPOKEN)

- I was impolite and I do beg your pardon.

- `We're meant to do it quarterly actually.' --- `Oh quarterly, I beg your pardon, I thought it was monthly.'

CONVENTION formulae

4. pardon
Some people say ` Pardon me ' instead of `Excuse me' when they want to politely get someone's attention or interrupt them. (SPOKEN) (mainly BRIT; in AM use excuse me )

- Pardon me, are you finished, madam?

CONVENTION formulae

5. pardon
You can say things like ` Pardon me for asking ' or ` Pardon my frankness ' as a way of showing you understand that what you are going to say may sound rude. (SPOKEN)

- That, if you'll pardon my saying so, is neither here nor there.

CONVENTION politeness

6. pardon
Some people say things like ` If you'll pardon the expression ' or ` Pardon my French ' just before or after saying something which they think might offend people. (SPOKEN)

- It's enough to make you wet yourself, if you'll pardon the expression.

CONVENTION formulae

7. pardon pardons pardoning pardoned
If someone who has been found guilty of a crime is pardoned , they are officially allowed to go free and are not punished.

- Hundreds of political prisoners were pardoned and released.

VB: usu passive

8. pardon pardons
Also a noun.

- They lobbied the government on his behalf and he was granted a presidential pardon.

N-COUNT

pardon

verb

1.

forgive

absolve

acquit

excuse

exonerate

let off informal

overlook

noun

2.

forgiveness

absolution

acquittal

amnesty

exoneration

pardonable

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:dənəbl]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrdn..əbl..]

adj.

可原谅的，可宽恕的

pardonable

pardonable
You describe someone's action or attitude as pardonable if you think it is wrong but you understand why they did that action or have that attitude.

- `I have', he remarked with pardonable pride, `done what I set out to do.'

ADJ-GRADED

pardonable

adjective

forgivable

excusable

minor

understandable

venial

pare

[D.J.:peə]

[K.K.:pɛr]

vt.

削掉

pare away

削皮；去皮

pare off

削皮；去皮

paring

[D.J.:ˈpɛəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpɛrɪŋ]

n.

削下的皮

pare *

1. pare pares paring pared
When you pare something, or pare part of it off or away, you cut off its skin or its outer layer.

- Pare the brown skin from the meat with a very sharp knife.

- He took out a slab of cheese, pared off a slice and ate it hastily.

- ...thinly pared lemon rind.

VB
See also paring .

2. pare pares paring pared
If you pare something down or back , or if you pare it, you reduce it.

- The number of Ministries has been pared down by a third.

- The luxury tax won't really do much to pare down the budget deficit.

- The United States can pare back its military presence in Asia as well.

- Local authorities must pare their budgets.

VB

paring

paring parings
Parings are thin pieces that have been cut off things such as a fingernails, fruit, or vegetables.

- ...nail parings.

- ...vegetable parings.

N-COUNT: usu pl

pare

verb

1.

peel

clip

cut

shave

skin

trim

2.

cut back

crop

cut

decrease

dock

reduce

pared-down

pared-down
If you describe something as pared-down , you mean that it has no unnecessary features, and has been reduced to a very simple form.

- Her style is pared-down and simple.

- The new NATO will be a pared-down military organization.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ elaborate

parent

[D.J.:ˈpɛərənt]

[K.K.:ˈpɛrənt, ˈpær-]

n.

父亲, 母亲; 家长

parent *****

1. parent parents
Your parents are your mother and father.

- Children need their parents.

- This is where a lot of parents go wrong.

- When you become a parent the things you once cared about seem to have less value.

N-COUNT: usu pl
See also foster parent, one-parent family , single parent .

2. parent
An organization's parent organization is the organization that created it and usually still controls it.

- Each unit including the parent company has its own, local management.

- ...the zoo's parent body, the Zoological Society of London.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. parent
The parent animal, plant, or organism of a particular animal, plant or organism is the one that it comes from or is produced by.

- Parent birds began to hunt for food for their young.

ADJ: ADJ n

parent

noun

father or mother

procreator

progenitor

sire

parentage

[D.J.:ˈpeərəntɪdʒ, ˈpær-]

[K.K.:ˈpɛrəntɪdʒ, ˈpær-]

n.

父母亲的身份,出身,门第

parentage *

parentage
Your parentage is the identity and origins of your parents. For example, if you are of Greek parentage , your parents are Greek.

- She's a Londoner of mixed parentage (English and Jamaican).

- We are all the result of our parentage and up-bringing.

N-UNCOUNT: oft of adj N

parentage

noun

family

ancestry

birth

descent

lineage

pedigree

stock

parental

[D.J.:pəˈrentl]

[K.K.:pəˈrɛntl..]

adj.

父母的

parentally

adv.

父母般地

parental home

问题儿童教养院

parentally

adv.

像双亲地

parental *

parental
Parental is used to describe something that relates to parents in general, or to one or both of the parents of a particular child.

- Medical treatment was sometimes given to children without parental consent.

- Parental attitudes vary widely.

- ...the removal of children from the parental home.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

parentheses

n.

圆括号,插入语,插曲

parenthesis

[D.J.:pəˈrenθɪsɪs]

[K.K.:pəˈrɛnθɪsɪs]

n.

插入语,插入成分

圆括号

间歇,插曲

parenthetic

adj.

parenthetic

[D.J.:ˌpærənˈθetɪk]

[K.K.:ˌpærənˈθɛtɪk]

adj.

作为插入句〔语〕的

parenthetically

adv.

parenthesis

1. parenthesis parentheses
Parentheses are a pair of curved marks that you put around words or numbers to indicate that they are additional, separate, or less important. (This sentence is in parentheses.)
N-COUNT: usu pl
= bracket

2. parenthesis parentheses
A parenthesis is a remark that is made in the middle of a piece of speech or writing, and which gives a little more information about the subject being discussed.
N-COUNT
= aside

3. parenthesis
You say ` in parenthesis ' to indicate that you are about to add something before going back to the main topic.

- In parenthesis, I'd say that there were two aspects to writing you must never lose sight of.

PHR: PHR cl

parenthetical

[D.J.:ˌpærənˈθetɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌpærənˈθɛtɪkəl]

adj.

插句的, 附加说明的

parenthetical

1. parenthetical
A parenthetical remark or section is put into something written or spoken but is not essential to it.

- Fox was making a long parenthetical remark about his travels on the border of the country.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. parenthetically

- Well, parenthetically, I was trying to quit smoking at the time.

- And what, we may ask parenthetically, does it mean?

ADV: ADV with cl, ADV with v, ADV adj

parenthood

[D.J.:ˈp eərənthʊd]

[K.K.:ˈp ɛrəntˌhʊd]

n.

父母身份;双亲立场

parenthood *

parenthood
Parenthood is the state of being a parent.

- She may feel unready for the responsibilities of parenthood.

N-UNCOUNT

parenting

[D.J.:ˈpɛərəntiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpɛrəntɪŋ, ˈpær-]

n.

养育; 抚养; 教养

parenting *

parenting
Parenting is the activity of bringing up and looking after your child.

- Parenting is not fully valued by society.

- ...parenting classes.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

parent-teacher association

parent-teacher association parent-teacher associations
A parent-teacher association is the same as a PTA .
N-COUNT

par excellence

1. par excellence
You say that something is a particular kind of thing par excellence in order to emphasize that it is a very good example of that kind of thing.

- He has been a meticulous manager, a manager par excellence.

ADJ: n ADJ emphasis

2. par excellence
Also an adverb.

- Bresson is par excellence the Catholic film-maker.

ADV: ADV after v

pariah

[D.J.:pəˈraɪə]

[K.K.:pəˈraɪə]

n.

被社会遗弃者

<史>贱民

pariah

pariah pariahs
If you describe someone as a pariah , you mean that other people dislike them so much that they refuse to associate with them.

- His landlady had treated him like a dangerous criminal, a pariah.

N-COUNT disapproval
= outcast

pariah

noun

outcast

exile

undesirable

untouchable

parish

[D.J.:ˈpærɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈpærɪʃ]

n.

教区

郡以下的地方行政区

知识领域, 职权范围, 工作区域

parish **

1. parish parishes
A parish is a village or part of a town which has its own church and priest.

- ...the parish of St Mark's, Lakenham...

- Parish priests have referred to it in their sermons.

- ...a 13th century parish church.

N-COUNT: oft N n

2. parish parishes
A parish is a small country area in England which has its own elected council.

- ...a closely fought parish council election.

- ...elected representatives, such as County and Parish Councillors.

N-COUNT: usu N n

parish

noun

community

church

congregation

flock

parishioner

[D.J.:pəˈriʃənə]

[K.K.:pəˈrɪʃənɚ]

n.

教区居民

parishioner

parishioner parishioners
A priest's parishioners are the people who live in his or her parish, especially the ones who go to his or her church.
N-COUNT: usu pl

Parisian

[pəˈrizjən]

n.

巴黎人

adj.

巴黎的,巴黎人的

Parisian *

1. Parisian
Parisian means belonging or relating to Paris.

- ...a Parisian restaurant.

- ...Parisian fashion.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Parisian Parisians
A Parisian is a person who comes from Paris.
N-COUNT

parity

[D.J.:ˈpærɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈpærɪti]

n.

同等,相等,对等

parity check

<自>奇偶校验

parity *

1. parity
If there is parity between two things, they are equal. (FORMAL)

- Women have yet to achieve wage or occupational parity in many fields.

- Italy wanted naval parity with France.

N-UNCOUNT
= equality

2. parity parities
If there is parity between the units of currency of two countries, the exchange rate is such that the units are equal to each other. (TECHNICAL)

- The government was ready to let the pound sink to parity with the dollar if necessary.

N-VAR

parity

noun

equality

consistency

equivalence

uniformity

unity

park

[D.J.:pɑ:k]

[K.K.:pɑrk]

n.

公园

停车场

vt. & vi.

泊车, 停车

vt.

将…放置在某处

parking

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:kɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrkɪŋ]

n.

(车辆等的)停放

停车场所, 停车位

park ****

1. park parks
A park is a public area of land with grass and trees, usually in a town, where people go in order to relax and enjoy themselves.

- ...Regent's Park.

- ...a brisk walk with the dog around the park...

- They stopped and sat on a park bench.

N-COUNT

2. park parks parking parked
When you park a vehicle or park somewhere, you drive the vehicle into a position where it can stay for a period of time, and leave it there.

- Greenfield turned into the next side street and parked.

- He found a place to park the car.

- Ben parked across the street.

- ...rows of parked cars.

VB
See also double-park .

3. park parks
You can refer to a place where a particular activity is carried out as a park .

- ...a science and technology park.

- ...a business park.

N-COUNT: supp N

4. park parks
A private area of grass and trees around a large country house is referred to as a park . (BRIT)

- ...a 19th century manor house in six acres of park and woodland.

N-VAR

5. park
Some people refer to a soccer or rugby field as the park . (BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- Chris was also the best player on the park.

N-SING: usu on the N

6. park
A park is a park or stadium where baseball is played. Park is also used in the names of some parks. (AM)

- ...a spot where professional baseball has been played in one park or another since 1896...

- The network was broadcasting the World Series from Candlestick Park when the quake struck.

N-COUNT; also N-IN-NAMES

parked *

parked
If you are parked somewhere, you have parked your car there.

- My sister was parked down the road.

- We're parked out front.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

parking **

1. parking
Parking is the action of moving a vehicle into a place in a car park or by the side of the road where it can be left.

- In many towns parking is allowed only on one side of the street.

- I knew I'd never find a parking space in the Square.

N-UNCOUNT

2. parking
Parking is space for parking a vehicle in.

- Cars allowed, but parking is limited.

N-UNCOUNT

park

noun

parkland

estate

garden

grounds

woodland

parka

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:kə]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrkə]

n.

风雪大衣

parka

parka parkas
A parka is a jacket or coat which has a thick lining and a hood with fur round the edge.
N-COUNT
= anorak

parking garage

parking garage parking garages
A parking garage is a building where people can leave their cars. (AM; in BRIT use car park or multi-storey car park )

- ...a multi-level parking garage.

N-COUNT

parking light

parking light parking lights
The parking lights on a vehicle are the small lights at the front that help other drivers to notice the vehicle and to judge its width. (AM; in BRIT use sidelights )
N-COUNT

parking lot *

parking lot parking lots
A parking lot is an area of ground where people can leave their cars. (AM; in BRIT use car park )

- A block up the street I found a parking lot.

N-COUNT

parking meter

parking meter parking meters
A parking meter is a device which you have to put money into when you park in a parking space.
N-COUNT
= meter

parking ticket

parking ticket parking tickets
A parking ticket is a piece of paper with instructions to pay a fine, and is put on your car when you have parked it somewhere illegally.

- I've just got a parking ticket -- my first in years.

N-COUNT

park-keeper

park-keeper park-keepers
A park-keeper is a person whose job is to look after a park. (mainly BRIT)

- We saw the Park Keeper telling a bunch of older boys to get off the swings.

N-COUNT also park keeper .

parkland

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:kˌlænd]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrkˌlænd]

n.

邸园

公园用地, 适宜用作公园的土地

parkland *

parkland
Parkland is land with grass and trees on it.

- Its beautiful gardens and parkland are also open to the public.

- The resort is surrounded by extensive national and regional parklands.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

parkway

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:kˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrkˌwe]

n.

<美>(有草木的)大路;绿化道路;林阴大道

parkway

parkway parkways
A parkway is a wide road with trees and grass on both sides. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

parlance

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:ləns]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrləns]

n.

腔调,说法,用语

parlance

parlance
You use parlance when indicating that the expression you are using is normally used by a particular group of people. (FORMAL)

- Under the Communists local councils became, in official parlance, `agencies of the state authority'.

N-UNCOUNT: supp N, usu in N
= phraseology

parlance

noun

language

idiom

jargon

phraseology

speech

talk

tongue

parley

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:li:]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrli]

vi.

和谈,谈判

n.

和谈,谈判

parley

1. parley parleys
A parley is a discussion between two opposing people or groups in which both sides try to come to an agreement. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-VAR

2. parley parleys parleying parleyed
When two opposing people or groups parley , they meet to discuss something in order to come to an agreement. (INFORMAL or HUMOROUS)

- ...a place where we meet and parley...

- I don't think you've ever tried parleying with Gleed, have you?

V-RECIP

parliament

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:ləmənt]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrləmənt]

n.

议会, 国会

parliament ****

1. parliament
The parliament of some countries, for example Britain, is the group of people who make or change its laws, and decide what policies the country should follow.

- The Bangladesh Parliament today (Monday) approved the policy, but it has not yet become law.

N-COUNT; N-PROPER also Parliament .
See also Houses of Parliament , Member of Parliament .

2. parliament parliaments
A particular parliament is a particular period of time in which a parliament is doing its work, between two elections or between two periods of holiday.

- The legislation is expected to be passed in the next parliament.

N-COUNT also Parliament .

parliament

noun

assembly

congress

convention

council

legislature

senate

parliamentarian

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:ləmenˈteəriən]

[K.K.:ˌpɑrləmɛnˈtɛriən]

n.

议事法规专家,国会议员

adj.

议会的

parliamentarian *

1. parliamentarian parliamentarians
Parliamentarians are Members of a Parliament; used especially to refer to a group of Members of Parliament who are dealing with a particular task.

- He's been meeting with British parliamentarians and government officials.

N-COUNT

2. parliamentarian parliamentarians
A parliamentarian is a Member of Parliament who is an expert on the rules and procedures of Parliament and takes an active part in debates.

- He is a veteran parliamentarian whose views enjoy widespread respect.

N-COUNT

parliamentary

[D.J.:ˌpɑ:ləˈmentəri:, -ˈmentri:]

[K.K.:ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri, -ˈmɛntri]

adj.

议会的,国会的

parliamentary language

慎重有礼的言语

parliamentary ***

parliamentary
Parliamentary is used to describe things that are connected with a parliament or with Members of Parliament.

- He used his influence to make sure she was not selected as a parliamentary candidate.

ADJ: ADJ n

parliamentary

adjective

governmental

law-making

legislative

parlour

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:lə]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrlɚ]

n.

客厅; 接待室

营业室, 业务室

parlour *

1. parlour parlours
A parlour is a room in a house for sitting in. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT (AM) parlor

2. parlour parlours
Parlour is used in the names of some types of shops which provide a service, rather than selling things.

- ...a funeral parlour.

- ...a notorious massage parlour.

N-COUNT: n N (AM) parlor

parlour

noun Old-fashioned

sitting room

drawing room

front room

living room

lounge

parlour game

parlour game parlour games
A parlour game is a game that is played indoors by families or at parties, for example a guessing game or word game.
N-COUNT (AM) parlor game

parlourmaid

n.

(侍候用餐,负责应门等的)客厅女侍

parlourmaid

parlourmaid parlourmaids
In former times, a parlourmaid was a female servant in a private house whose job involved serving people at table.
N-COUNT (AM) parlormaid

parlous

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:ləs]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrləs]

adj.

危险的;不确定的;难对付的

parlous

parlous
If something is in a parlous state, it is in a bad or dangerous condition. (FORMAL)

- ...the parlous state of our economy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= dire

parlous

adjective Archaic or humorous

dangerous

hazardous

risky

Parmesan

[D.J.:ˌpɑ:miˈzæn]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrməˌzɑn, -ˌzæn, -zən]

n.

用脱脂乳制成的坚硬的意大利干酪

Parmesan *

Parmesan
Parmesan or Parmesan cheese is a hard cheese with a strong flavour which is often used in Italian cooking.
N-UNCOUNT also parmesan .

parochial

[D.J.:pəˈrəʊki:əl]

[K.K.:pəˈrokiəl]

adj.

教区的

范围有限的;狭小的;狭隘的

parochialism

n.

教区制度

地方观念;眼界狭小

parochiality

n.

教区制度

地方观念;眼界狭小

parochialize

vt.

使成教区

使地方化;使眼界狭小

parochialism

[pəˈrəukiəlizəm]

n.

教区(管理)制度,乡土观念,偏狭,狭隘

parochialize

使施行教区制

parochial *

1. parochial
If you describe someone as parochial , you are critical of them because you think they are too concerned with their own affairs and should be thinking about more important things.
ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= insular

2. parochial
Parochial is used to describe things that relate to the parish connected with a particular church.

- She was a secretary on the local parochial church council.

ADJ: ADJ n

parochial

adjective

provincial

insular

limited

narrow

narrow-minded

petty

small-minded

parochialism

parochialism
Parochialism is the quality of being parochial in your attitude.

- We have been guilty of parochialism, of resistance to change.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

parody

[D.J.:ˈpærədi:]

[K.K.:ˈpærədi]

n.

滑稽的模仿诗文

拙劣的模仿;荒谬的替代物

vt.

滑稽地模仿, 拙劣地模仿

parody *

1. parody parodies
A parody is a humorous piece of writing, drama, or music which imitates the style of a well-known person or represents a familiar situation in an exaggerated way.

- `The Scarlet Capsule' was a parody of the popular 1959 TV series `The Quatermass Experiment'.

- Throughout the Twenties, Lardner tried in vain to write a hit song, so at last he turned to parody.

N-VAR: oft N of n

2. parody parodies parodying parodied
When someone parodies a particular work, thing, or person, they imitate it in an amusing or exaggerated way.

- ...a sketch parodying the views of Jean-Marie Le Pen...

- Any style can be parodied.

VB
= mimic

3. parody parodies
When you say that something is a parody of a particular thing, you are criticizing it because you think it is a very poor example or bad imitation of that thing.

- After the first trial, a parody of justice, defence lawyers are now allowed a bit of a say.

N-COUNT: usu N of n disapproval
= travesty

parody

noun

1.

takeoff informal

burlesque

caricature

satire

send-up Brit. informal

skit

spoof informal

verb

2.

take off informal

burlesque

caricature

do a takeoff of informal

satirize

send up Brit. informal

parole

[D.J.:pəˈrəʊl]

[K.K.:pəˈrol]

n.

假释, 有条件释放

vt.

假释, 使获假释

parole *

1. parole
If a prisoner is on parole , he or she is released before the official end of their prison sentence and will not be sent back to prison if their behaviour is good.

- Although sentenced to life, he will become eligible for parole after serving 10 years.

- If released, he will continue to be on parole for eight more years.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

2. parole paroles paroling paroled
If a prisoner is paroled , he or she is given parole.

- He faces at most 12 years in prison and could be paroled after eight years.

VB: usu passive

paroxysm

[D.J.:ˈpærəkˌsɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈpærəkˌsɪzəm]

n.

突然发作；发作,阵发

paroxysmal

adj.

发作性的,爆发性的

paroxysmal

[ˌpærəkˈsizməl]

adj.

发作性的,突发性的

paroxysm

1. paroxysm paroxysms
A paroxysm of emotion is a sudden, very strong occurrence of it.

- Later the same day, he exploded in a paroxysm of rage which continued for half an hour.

- ...a paroxysm of grief.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= fit

2. paroxysm paroxysms
A paroxysm is a series of sudden, violent, uncontrollable movements that your body makes because you are coughing, laughing, or in great pain.

- If he lay on his right side, he broke into a paroxysm of coughing.

N-COUNT: usu N of n/-ing
= spasm

paroxysm

noun

outburst

attack

convulsion

fit

seizure

spasm

parquet

[D.J.:pɑ:ˈkeɪ]

[K.K.:pɑrˈke]

n.

镶木地板

parquet circle

<美>(剧场的)正厅后排

parquet

parquet
Parquet is a floor covering made of small rectangular blocks of wood fitted together in a pattern.

- ...expensive rugs and carpets on the polished parquet floors.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

parrot

[D.J.:ˈpærət]

[K.K.:ˈpærət]

n.

鹦鹉

应声虫, 学舌者

vt.

机械地重复

parrot *

1. parrot parrots
A parrot is a tropical bird with a curved beak and brightly-coloured or grey feathers. Parrots can be kept as pets. Some parrots are able to copy what people say.
N-COUNT

2. parrot parrots parroting parroted
If you disapprove of the fact that someone is just repeating what someone else has said, often without really understanding it, you can say that they are parroting it.

- Generations of students have learnt to parrot the standard explanations.

VB disapproval
= repeat

3. parrot
If you say that you feel as sick as a parrot , you feel very disappointed about something. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
PHR: v-link PHR

parrot

verb

repeat

copy

echo

imitate

mimic

parrot-fashion

鹦鹉学舌地,机械模仿地

parrot-fashion

parrot-fashion
If you learn or repeat something parrot-fashion , you do it accurately but without really understanding what it means. (BRIT)

- Under the old system pupils often had to stand to attention and repeat lessons parrot fashion.

ADV: ADV after v also parrot fashion .
= by rote

parry

[D.J.:ˈpæri:]

[K.K.:ˈpæri]

vt.

挡开, 避开, 闪开(打击、武器)

n.

挡开, 避开, 闪避

parry

1. parry parries parrying parried
If you parry a question or argument, you cleverly avoid answering it or dealing with it.

- Mr King had to endure an awkward press conference, in which he parried questions on the depth of the divisions between Britain and its allies.

VB
= counter

2. parry parries parrying parried
If you parry a blow from someone who is attacking you, you push aside their arm or weapon so that you are not hurt.

- I did not want to wound him, but to restrict myself to defence, to parry his attacks.

- I parried, and that's when my sword broke.

VB
= deflect

parry

verb

1.

ward off

block

deflect

rebuff

repel

repulse

2.

evade

avoid

dodge

sidestep

parse

[D.J.:pɑ:s]

[K.K.:pɑrs]

vt.

从语法上描述或分析(词句等)

parse

parse
In grammar, if you parse a sentence, you examine each word and clause in order to work out what grammatical type each one is. (TECHNICAL)
V n

parsimonious

[D.J.:ˌpɑ:səˈməʊni:əs]

[K.K.:ˌpɑrsəˈmoniəs]

adj.

过分节俭的;吝啬的;小气的

parsimonious

parsimonious
Someone who is parsimonious is very unwilling to spend money. (FORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= stingy

parsimonious

adjective

mean

close

frugal

miserly

niggardly

penny-pinching informal

stingy

tightfisted

parsimony

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:səˌməʊni:]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrsəˌmoni]

n.

异常俭省,极度节俭

吝啬,小气

parsimony

parsimony
Parsimony is extreme unwillingness to spend money. (FORMAL)

- Due to official parsimony only the one machine was built.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

parsley

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:sli:]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrsli]

n.

<植>西芹,欧芹

parsley **

parsley
Parsley is a small plant with curly leaves that are used for flavouring or decorating savoury food.

- ...parsley sauce.

N-UNCOUNT

parsnip

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:snip]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrsnɪp]

n.

欧洲防风草

parsnip

parsnip parsnips
A parsnip is a long cream-coloured root vegetable.
N-COUNT

parson

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:sn]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrsən]

n.

(基督教)教区长

parson **

parson parsons
A parson is a priest in the Church of England with responsibility for a small local area, or can be used to refer to any clergyman in some other churches. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

parson

noun

clergyman

churchman

cleric

minister

pastor

preacher

priest

vicar

parsonage

[D.J.:pɑ:snidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrsənɪdʒ]

n.

牧师住宅,圣职薪俸

parsonage

parsonage parsonages
A parsonage is the house where a parson lives. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

part

[D.J.:pɑ:t]

[K.K.:pɑrt]

n.

一部分; 局部

零件

角色

vt. & vi.

(使)分裂成几部分, 断裂

(使)分离[开]

parted

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:tid]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrtɪd]

adj.

分开的

parting

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:tɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrtɪŋ]

adj.

分别时做〔给〕的

n.

分离, 分开, 离别

(头发的)分缝, 分界

a/the parting of the ways

叉路口；分道扬镳的地方；分手处

分道扬镳的时刻；各自分离(开始新生活)的时候

a parting shot

临别时不友好的话(或行为)

parts

组装零件;部件

part 1 noun uses, quantifier uses, and phrases *****

1. part parts
A part of something is one of the pieces, sections, or elements that it consists of.

- I like that part of Cape Town.

- Respect is a very important part of any relationship.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= bit piece

2. part parts
A part for a machine or vehicle is one of the smaller pieces that is used to make it.

- ...spare parts for military equipment...

- This engine has only got three moving parts.

N-COUNT
= component

3. part
Part of something is some of it.

- It was a very severe accident and he lost part of his foot.

- Mum and he were able to walk part of the way together.

- Woodhead spent part of his childhood in Rhodesia.

QUANT: QUANT of sing-n/n-uncount
= some

4. part
If you say that something is part one thing, part another, you mean that it is to some extent the first thing and to some extent the second thing.

- The television producer today has to be part news person, part educator.

- Several people looked over the part-Jacobean, part-Georgian building.

ADV: ADV n, ADV adj
= half

5. part parts
You can use part when you are talking about the proportions of substances in a mixture. For example, if you are told to use five parts water to one part paint, the mixture should contain five times as much water as paint.

- Use turpentine and linseed oil, three parts to two.

N-COUNT

6. part parts
A part in a play or film is one of the roles in it which an actor or actress can perform.

- Alf Sjoberg offered her a large part in the play he was directing.

- He was just right for the part.

N-COUNT
= role

7. part
Your part in something that happens is your involvement in it.

- If only he could conceal his part in the accident.

- He felt a sense of relief that his part in this business was now over.

N-SING: poss N in n
= involvement

8. part
If something or someone is part of a group or organization, they belong to it or are included in it.

- ...voting on whether to remain part of the Union or become independent...

- I was a part of the team and wanted to remain a part of the team.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, N of n

9. part parts
The part in someone's hair is the line running from the front to the back of their head where their hair lies in different directions. (AM; in BRIT use parting )

- The straight white part in her ebony hair seemed to divide the back of her head in half.

N-COUNT

10. part
If something or someone plays a large or important part in an event or situation, they are very involved in it and have an important effect on what happens.

- These days work plays an important part in a single woman's life.

- We believe she may have played a part in hiding the cash.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR in n/-ing

11. part
If you take part in an activity, you do it together with other people.

- Thousands of students have taken part in demonstrations.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR in n/-ing

12. part
If you say that you want no part of something, you mean that you do not want to be involved in it at all.

- What some other clubs do is unfortunate, but we want no part of it.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

13. part
When you are describing people's thoughts or actions, you can say for her part or for my part , for example, to introduce what a particular person thinks or does. (FORMAL)

- For my part, I feel elated and close to tears.

- The soldiers, for their part, agreed not to disrupt the election campaign.

PHR: PHR with cl

14. part
If you talk about a feeling or action on someone's part , you are referring to something that they feel or do.

- ...techniques on their part to keep us from knowing exactly what's going on...

- There is no need for any further instructions on my part.

- There have been numerous instances of excessive force on the part of security police.

PHR: PHR with cl/group

15. part
For the most part means mostly or usually.

- For the most part the Germans kept out of local disputes.

- Professors, for the most part, are firmly committed to teaching, not research.

PHR: PHR with cl
= by and large

16. part
You use in part to indicate that something exists or happens to some extent but not completely. (FORMAL)

- The levels of blood glucose depend in part on what you eat and when you eat.

- In part this attitude was due to fear of trade union and employee reactions.

PHR: PHR with cl/group
= to some degree

17. part
If you say that something happened for the best part or the better part of a period of time, you mean that it happened for most of that time.

- He had been in Israel for the best part of twenty-four hours.

- We spent the better part of an hour searching for her.

PHR: PHR n
= most

part 2 verb uses ***

1. part parts parting parted
If things that are next to each other part or if you part them, they move in opposite directions, so that there is a space between them.

- Her lips parted as if she were about to take a deep breath.

- He crossed to the window of the sitting-room and parted the curtains.

V-ERG
= open

2. part parts parting parted
If you part your hair in the middle or at one side, you make it lie in two different directions so that there is a straight line running from the front of your head to the back.

- Picking up a brush, Joanna parted her hair.

- His hair was slicked back and neatly parted.

VB

3. part parts parting parted
When two people part , or if one person parts from another, they leave each other. (FORMAL)

- He gave me the envelope and we parted.

- He has confirmed he is parting from his Swedish-born wife Eva.

V-RECIP

4. part parts parting parted
If you are parted from someone you love, you are prevented from being with them.

- I don't believe Lotte and I will ever be parted.

- A stay in hospital may be the first time a child is ever parted from its parents.

V-RECIP
= separate

parting *

1. parting partings
Parting is the act of leaving a particular person or place. A parting is an occasion when this happens.

- Parting from any one of you for even a short time is hard.

- It was a dreadfully emotional parting.

N-VAR

2. parting
Your parting words or actions are the things that you say or do as you are leaving a place or person.

- Her parting words left him feeling empty and alone.

- ...his bold parting kiss.

ADJ: ADJ n
= final

3. parting partings
The parting in someone's hair is the line running from the front to the back of their head where their hair lies in different directions. (BRIT; in AM use part )
N-COUNT

4. parting
When there is a parting of the ways , two or more people or groups of people stop working together or travelling together.

- ...a negotiated parting of the ways for the three Baltic republics.

PHR

part

noun

1.

piece

bit

fraction

fragment

portion

scrap

section

share

2.

component

branch

constituent

division

member

unit

3.

role

character

lines

4.

side

behalf

cause

concern

interest

often plural 5.

region

area

district

neighbourhood

quarter

vicinity

in good part

6.

good-naturedly

cheerfully

well

without offence

in part

7.

partly

a little

in some measure

partially

somewhat

verb

8.

divide

break

come apart

detach

rend

separate

sever

split

tear

9.

separate

depart

go

go away

leave

split up

withdraw

parting

noun

1.

going

farewell

goodbye

2.

division

breaking

rift

rupture

separation

split

part with ***

part with parts with; parting with; parted with
If you part with something that is valuable or that you would prefer to keep, you give it or sell it to someone else.

- Buyers might require further assurances before parting with their cash.

- He parted with much of his collection to pay his gardening bills.

PHR-V
= surrender

part-

part-
Part- combines with adjectives, nouns, and verbs to mean partly but not completely. (BRIT)

- ...part-baked breads and rolls...

- Some associations provide homes to buy or part-buy.

PREFIX

partake

[D.J.:pɑ:ˈteɪk]

[K.K.:pɑrˈtek]

vi.

①参加,参与

吃,喝

partake of sth

吃；喝

partaker

n.

参与者,分担者

partaken

partake的过去分词

partaker

[pɑ:ˈteikə,pəˈteikə]

n.

参与者

partook

[D.J.:pɑ:ˈtʊk]

[K.K.:pɑrˈtʊk]

partake的过去式

partake

1. partake partakes partaking partook partaken
If you partake of food or drink, you eat or drink some of it. (FORMAL)

- They were happy to partake of our feast, but not to share our company.

VB

2. partake partakes partaking partook partaken
If you partake in an activity, you take part in it. (FORMAL)

- You will probably be asked about whether you partake in very vigorous sports.

VB
= participate

3. partake partakes partaking partook partaken
If something partakes of a particular quality, it has that quality to some extent. (FORMAL)

- Miracles are not generally regarded as magical. Nevertheless, they do partake of the same nature.

VB

partook

Partook is the past tense of partake .

partake

verb Theatre

partake of

1.

consume

eat

take

partake in

2.

participate in

engage in

share in

take part in

part exchange

part exchange
If you give an old item in part exchange for something you are buying, the seller accepts the old item as part of the payment, so you do not have to give them as much money. (BRIT)

- Electrical retailers will often take away old appliances if you buy a new one, sometimes in part-exchange.

- ...part-exchange deals.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N also part-exchange .

partial

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:ʃəl]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrʃəl]

adj.

部分的, 不完全的

partiality

[D.J.:ˌpɑ:ʃi:ˈælɪti:, pɑ:ˈʃæl-]

[K.K.:ˌpɑrʃiˈælɪti, pɑrˈʃæl-]

n.

<正>①<贬>偏袒

特别喜爱;酷爱

partial **

1. partial
You use partial to refer to something that is not complete or whole.

- He managed to reach a partial agreement with both republics.

- ...a partial ban on the use of cars in the city.

- ...partial blindness.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. partial
If you are partial to something, you like it.

- He's partial to sporty women with blue eyes.

- Mollie confesses she is rather partial to pink.

- I am partial to baking cookies.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n/-ing
= fond of

3. partiality

- He has a great partiality for chocolate biscuits.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n
= fondness

4. partial
Someone who is partial supports a particular person or thing, for example in a competition or dispute, instead of being completely fair.

- I might be accused of being partial.

- A newspaper criticized the president's proposal, saying that it was partial to Israel.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
= biased ≠ impartial

5. partiality

- She is criticized by some others for her one-sidedness and partiality.

N-UNCOUNT
= bias ≠ impartiality

partial

adjective

1.

incomplete

imperfect

uncompleted

unfinished

2.

biased

discriminatory

one-sided

partisan

prejudiced

unfair

unjust

partiality

noun

1.

bias

favouritism

preference

prejudice

2.

liking

fondness

inclination

love

penchant

predilection

taste

weakness

partially

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:ʃəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrʃəlɪ]

adv.

部分地

<古>偏袒地;偏爱地

partially **

partially
If something happens or exists partially , it happens or exists to some extent, but not completely.

- Lisa is deaf in one ear and partially blind.

ADV: ADV with cl/group
= partly

partially

adverb

partly

fractionally

incompletely

in part

not wholly

somewhat

participant

[D.J.:pɑ:ˈtisipənt]

[K.K.:pɑrˈtɪsəpənt]

n.

参加者, 参与者

participant **

participant participants
The participants in an activity are the people who take part in it.

- 40 of the course participants are offered employment with the company.

- You are expected to be an active participant.

N-COUNT

participant

noun

participator

contributor

member

player

stakeholder

participate

[D.J.:pɑ:ˈtisipeit]

[K.K.:pɑrˈtɪsəˌpet]

vt. & vi.

参加, 参与

participating

由多人[多方]一起参加的;(股票等)持有人有权分享利益的

participation

[D.J.:pɑ:ˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən]

[K.K.:pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeʃən]

n.

参加,参与

分享

participate ***

1. participate participates participating participated
If you participate in an activity, you take part in it.

- They expected him to participate in the ceremony.

- Over half the population of this country participate in sport.

- ...special contracts at lower rates for participating corporations.

VB

2. participation

- ...participation in religious activities.

N-UNCOUNT
= involvement

participate

verb

take part

be involved in

join in

partake

perform

share

participation

noun

taking part

contribution

involvement

joining in

partaking

sharing in

participative

[pɑ:tisiˈpeitiv]

adj.

参与的；(尤指经营管理上)下级职员参与决策的

participative

participative
Participative management or decision-making involves the participation of all the people engaged in an activity or affected by certain decisions. (FORMAL)

- A participative management style has developed in Japan to induce better cooperation.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

participatory

[D.J.:pɑ:ˈtisipeitəri]

[K.K.:pɑrˈtɪsəpəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

供人分享的

participatory

participatory
A participatory system, activity, or role involves a particular person or group of people taking part in it.

- Fishing is said to be the most popular participatory sport in the U.K.

- Studies have shown that women tend to be more participatory in their management style.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

participial

[D.J.:ˌpɑ:tiˈsipiəl]

[K.K.:ˌpɑrtɪˈsɪpiəl]

adj.

分词的

participial

participial
In grammar, participial means relating to a participle.
ADJ

participle

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:tɪˌsɪpəl]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrtɪˌsɪpəl]

n.

<语>分词

participle

participle participles
In grammar, a participle is a form of a verb that can be used in compound tenses of the verb. There are two participles in English: the past participle, which usually ends in `-ed', and the present participle, which ends in `-ing'.
N-COUNT

particle

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:tikl]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrtɪkəl]

n.

微粒, 颗粒, 〈物〉粒子

极少量

小品词

particles

碎木料

particle **

1. particle particles
A particle of something is a very small piece or amount of it.

- ...a particle of hot metal...

- There is a particle of truth in his statement.

- ...food particles.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. particle particles
In physics, a particle is a piece of matter smaller than an atom, for example an electron or a proton. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

3. particle particles
In grammar, a particle is a preposition such as `into' or an adverb such as `out' which can combine with a verb to form a phrasal verb.
N-COUNT

particle

noun

bit

grain

iota

jot

mite

piece

scrap

shred

speck

particle accelerator

particle accelerator particle accelerators
A particle accelerator is a machine used for research in nuclear physics which can make particles that are smaller than atoms move very fast.
N-COUNT

particle physics

particle physics
Particle physics is the study of the qualities of atoms and molecules and the way they behave and react.
N-UNCOUNT

particular

[D.J.:pəˈtikjulə]

[K.K.:pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ, pəˈtɪk-]

adj.

特定的, 某一的

特殊的, 特别的, 特有的

(过分)讲究的, 挑剔的

详细的, 详尽的

n.

详情; 细目

particular ****

1. particular
You use particular to emphasize that you are talking about one thing or one kind of thing rather than other similar ones.

- I remembered a particular story about a postman who was a murderer.

- I have to know exactly why it is I'm doing a particular job.

- ...if there are particular things you're interested in.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= specific

2. particular
If a person or thing has a particular quality or possession, it is distinct and belongs only to them.

- I have a particular responsibility to ensure I make the right decision.

- Fatigue is a particular problem for women.

ADJ: ADJ n
= special

3. particular
You can use particular to emphasize that something is greater or more intense than usual.

- Particular emphasis will be placed on oral language training.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= especial

4. particular
If you say that someone is particular , you mean that they choose things and do things very carefully, and are not easily satisfied.

- Ted was very particular about the colors he used.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n
= fussy

5. particular
You use in particular to indicate that what you are saying applies especially to one thing or person.

- The situation in Ethiopia in particular is worrying.

- Why should he notice her car in particular?.

- In particular I admire Gary Lineker.

PHR: PHR with cl/group
= particularly

6. particular
You use nothing in particular or nobody in particular to mean nothing or nobody important or special.

- I went along thinking of nothing in particular only looking at things around me.

- Drew made some remarks to nobody in particular and said goodbye.

PHR

particular

adjective

1.

specific

distinct

exact

peculiar

precise

special

2.

special

especial

exceptional

marked

notable

noteworthy

remarkable

singular

uncommon

unusual

3.

fussy

choosy informal

demanding

fastidious

finicky

pernickety informal

picky informal

noun

usually plural 4.

detail

circumstance

fact

feature

item

specification

in particular

5.

especially

distinctly

exactly

particularly

specifically

particularity

[D.J.:pəˌtikjuˈlæriti]

[K.K.:pɚˌtɪkjəˈlærɪti, pəˈtɪk-]

n.

特性

particularity

1. particularity
The particularity of something is its quality of being different from other things. The particularities of something are the features that make it different. (FORMAL)

- What is lacking is an insight into the particularity of our societal system.

- Time inevitably glosses over the particularities of each situation.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. particularity
Particularity is the giving or showing of details. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

particularize

[D.J.:pəˈtɪkjələˌraɪz, pətɪk-]

[K.K.:pɚˈtɪkjələˌraɪz, pətɪk-]

vt.

列举, 逐一叙述

详述, 特别指出

particularize

particularize particularizes particularizing particularized
If you particularize something that you have been talking about in a general way, you give details or specific examples of it. (FORMAL)

- Mr Johnson particularizes the general points he wants to make.

- A farmer is entitled to a certain particularized tax treatment.

VB (BRIT) also particularise
= detail

particularly

[D.J.:pəˈtikjuləli]

[K.K.:pɚˈtɪkjələli, pəˈtɪk-]

adv.

特别; 尤其

particularly ****

1. particularly
You use particularly to indicate that what you are saying applies especially to one thing or situation.

- Keep your office space looking good, particularly your desk.

- More local employment will be created, particularly in service industries.

- I often do absent-minded things, particularly when I'm worried.

ADV: ADV with cl/group
= especially

2. particularly
Particularly means more than usual or more than other things.

- Progress has been particularly disappointing.

- I particularly liked the wooden chests and chairs.

ADV: ADV with cl/group emphasis
= especially

particularly

adverb

1.

especially

exceptionally

notably

singularly

uncommonly

unusually

2.

specifically

distinctly

especially

explicitly

expressly

in particular

particulars

particulars
The particulars of something or someone are facts or details about them which are written down and kept as a record.

- You will find all the particulars in Chapter 9.

- The nurses at the admission desk asked her for particulars.

- ...a written statement of particulars of employment.

N-PLURAL
= details

parting shot

parting shot parting shots
If someone makes a parting shot , they make an unpleasant or forceful remark at the end of a conversation, and then leave so that no-one has the chance to reply.

- He turned to face her for his parting shot. `You're one coldhearted woman, you know that?'

N-COUNT

partisan

[D.J.:ˌpɑ:tiˈzæn]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrtɪzən]

adj.

党派性的

n.

游击队员

党人, 党羽, 帮伙

partisan *

1. partisan
Someone who is partisan strongly supports a particular person or cause, often without thinking carefully about the matter.

- He is clearly too partisan to be a referee.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= prejudiced

2. partisan partisans
A partisan is someone who is partisan.

- At first the eager young poet was a partisan of the Revolution.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= champion

3. partisan partisans
Partisans are ordinary people, rather than soldiers, who join together to fight enemy soldiers who are occupying their country.

- He was rescued by some Italian partisans.

- ...serving in resistance and partisan activities.

N-COUNT

partisan

noun

1.

supporter

adherent

devotee

upholder

2.

underground fighter

guerrilla

resistance fighter

adjective

3.

prejudiced

biased

interested

one-sided

partial

sectarian

partisanship

[ˌpɑ:tiˈzænʃip,ˈpɑ:tizənʃip]

n.

党派性,党派偏见

partisanship

partisanship
Partisanship is support for a person or group without fair consideration of the facts and circumstances.

- His politics were based on loyal partisanship.

N-UNCOUNT
= prejudice

partition

[D.J.:pɑ:ˈtiʃən]

[K.K.:pɑrˈtɪʃən]

n.

分开, 分割

分割物, 隔墙

vt.

分开, 隔开

partitioned

分段的

partitioning

[pɑ:ˈtiʃəniŋ]

n.

分割法，分区技术，分割

partition *

1. partition partitions
A partition is a wall or screen that separates one part of a room or vehicle from another.

- ...new offices divided only by glass partitions...

- Her taxicab has a thick perspex partition between the passengers' seats and the driver.

N-COUNT

2. partition partitions partitioning partitioned
If you partition a room, you separate one part of it from another by means of a partition.

- Bedrooms have again been created by partitioning a single larger room.

- He sat on the two-seater sofa in the partitioned office.

VB

3. partition partitions partitioning partitioned
If a country is partitioned , it is divided into two or more independent countries.

- Korea was partitioned in 1945.

- Britain was accused of trying to partition the country `because of historic enmity'.

- The island has been partitioned since the mid-seventies.

VB

4. partition
Also a noun.

- ...areas ruled by the Russian Tsar during Poland's period of partition.

- ...fighting which followed the partition of India.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

partition

noun

1.

screen

barrier

wall

2.

division

segregation

separation

3.

allotment

apportionment

distribution

verb

4.

separate

divide

screen

partly

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:tli]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrtli]

adv.

在一定程度上

部分地, 不完全地

partly ***

partly
You use partly to indicate that something happens or exists to some extent, but not completely.

- It's partly my fault.

- He let out a long sigh, mainly of relief, partly of sadness.

- I have not worried so much this year, partly because I have had other things to think about.

- I feel partly responsible for the problems we're in.

ADV: ADV with cl/group
= partially

partly

adverb

partially

slightly

somewhat

partner

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:tnə]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrtnɚ]

n.

伙伴, 同伙, 合伙人, 股东

同伴, 搭档

配偶, 情人

vt.

做…的搭档

partner ****

1. partner partners
Your partner is the person you are married to or are having a romantic or sexual relationship with.

- Wanting other friends doesn't mean you don't love your partner.

- ...his choice of marriage partner.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

2. partner partners
Your partner is the person you are doing something with, for example dancing with or playing with in a game against two other people.

- ...to dance with a partner...

- My partner for the event was the marvellous American player.

- ...a partner in crime.

N-COUNT

3. partner partners
The partners in a firm or business are the people who share the ownership of it.

- He's a partner in a Chicago law firm.

- ...her business partner Max Hampshire.

N-COUNT
= associates

4. partner partners
The partner of a country or organization is another country or organization with which they work or do business.

- Spain has been one of Cuba's major trading partners.

- ...the main coalition partner in the Slovak government.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

5. partner partners partnering partnered
If you partner someone, you are their partner in a game or in a dance.

- He had partnered the famous Russian ballerina.

- He will be partnered by Ian Baker, the defending champion.

- He partnered Andre Agassi to victory.

VB

partner

noun

1.

spouse

consort

husband or wife

mate

significant other U.S. informal

2.

companion

ally

associate

colleague

comrade

helper

mate

partnership

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:tnəʃip]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrtnɚˌʃɪp]

n.

伙伴关系; 合伙人身份

合作关系; 合作

合伙企业

partnership ***

partnership partnerships
Partnership or a partnership is a relationship in which two or more people, organizations, or countries work together as partners.

- ...the partnership between Germany's banks and its businesses...

- Alex and Mikhail were in partnership then: Mikhail handled the creative side; Alex was the financier.

N-VAR

partnership

noun

company

alliance

cooperative

firm

house

society

union

part of speech

part of speech parts of speech
A part of speech is a particular grammatical class of word, for example noun, adjective, or verb.
N-COUNT

partridge

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:trɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrtrɪdʒ]

n.

山鹑

partridge

1. partridge partridges
A partridge is a wild bird with brown feathers, a round body, and a short tail.

- ...to shoot a partridge.

N-COUNT

2. partridge
Partridge is the flesh of this bird eaten as food.

- ...a main course of partridge.

N-UNCOUNT

part-time

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:tˌtaɪm]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrtˌtaɪm]

adj.

部分时间的,非全日的

兼任的,兼职的

part-time **

1. part-time
If someone is a part-time worker or has a part-time job, they work for only part of each day or week.

- Many businesses are cutting back by employing lower-paid part-time workers.

- Part-time work is generally hard to find.

- I'm part-time. I work three days a week.

ADJ

2. part-time
Also an adverb.

- I want to work part-time.

ADV: ADV after v The adverb is also spelled part time .

part-timer

n.

兼职的人

part-timer

part-timer part-timers
A part-timer is a person who works part-time.

- Customer service departments are often staffed by part-timers.

N-COUNT

part way

part way
Part way means part of the way or partly.

- Local authorities will run out of money part way through the financial year.

- She was on the hillside, part way up.

- It might go part way to repaying the debt.

ADV: ADV after v, ADV prep/adv also part-way .

party

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:ti]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrti]

n.

社交聚会

党, 政党

一方, 当事人

party *****

1. party parties
A party is a political organization whose members have similar aims and beliefs. Usually the organization tries to get its members elected to the government of a country.

- ...a member of the Labour party.

- ...India's ruling party.

- ...opposition parties.

- ...her resignation as party leader.

N-COUNT

2. party parties
A party is a social event, often in someone's home, at which people enjoy themselves doing things such as eating, drinking, dancing, talking, or playing games.

- The couple met at a party.

- We threw a huge birthday party.

- Most teenagers like to go to parties.

N-COUNT
See also dinner party , garden party , hen party , stag party .

3. party parties partying partied
If you party , you enjoy yourself doing things such as going out to parties, drinking, dancing, and talking to people.

- They come to eat and drink, to swim, to party. Sometimes they never go to bed.

- After a long evening of partying he looked tired.

VB

4. party parties
A party of people is a group of people who are doing something together, for example travelling together.

- They became separated from their party.

- ...a party of sightseers.

- ...a research party of scientists.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
See also search party , working party .

5. party parties
One of the people involved in a legal agreement or dispute can be referred to as a particular party . (LEGAL)

- It has to be proved that they are the guilty party.

- ...he was the injured party.

- ...a court, the decision of which may not satisfy either party.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
See also third party .

6. party
Someone who is a party to or is party to an action or agreement is involved in it, and therefore partly responsible for it.

- Crook had resigned his post rather than be party to such treachery.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

party

noun

1.

get-together informal

celebration

do informal

festivity

function

gathering

reception

social gathering

2.

group

band

company

crew

gang

squad

team

unit

3.

faction

camp

clique

coterie

league

set

side

4.

person

individual

someone

party-goer

party-goer party-goers
A party-goer is someone who likes going to parties or someone who is at a particular party.

- Chants from the drunken party-goers woke residents and the police were called.

- At least half the partygoers were under 15.

N-COUNT also partygoer .

party line *

party line
The party line on a particular issue is the official view taken by a political party, which its members are expected to support.

- They ignored the official party line.

N-SING

party piece

party piece party pieces
Someone's party piece is something that they often do to entertain people, especially at parties, for example singing a particular song or saying a particular poem. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: oft poss N

party political *

party political
Party political matters relate to political parties. (BRIT)

- The debate is being conducted almost exclusively on party political lines.

ADJ: ADJ n

party political broadcast

party political broadcast party political broadcasts
A party political broadcast is a short broadcast on radio or television made by a political party, especially before an election. It explains their views and often criticizes other political parties. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

party politics *

1. party politics
Party politics is political activity involving political parties.

- He thinks the Archbishop has identified himself too closely with party politics.

N-UNCOUNT

2. party politics
If politicians are accused of playing party politics , they are being accused of saying or doing something in order to make their party seem good or another party seem bad, rather than for a better reason.

- Usually when Opposition MPs question Ministers they are just playing party politics.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

party pooper

party pooper party poopers
You describe someone as a party pooper when you think that they spoil other people's fun and their enjoyment of something. (INFORMAL)

- I hate to be a party pooper, but I am really tired.

N-COUNT disapproval

party spirit

party spirit
If you talk about someone being in the party spirit , you mean that they are in the mood to enjoy a party or to have fun.

- Sparkling wine can also put you in the party spirit.

N-UNCOUNT
= party mood

parvenu

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:vəˌnu:, -ˌnju:]

[K.K.:ˈpɑrvəˌnu, -ˌnju]

n.

暴富者,暴发户

新贵,傲慢自负的人

parvenu

parvenu parvenus
If you describe someone as a parvenu , you think that although they have acquired wealth or high status they are not very cultured or well-educated. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval
= upstart

pas de deux

pas de deux
In ballet, a pas de deux is a dance sequence for two dancers.
N-COUNT pas de deux is both the singular and the plural form; both forms are pronounced

pass

[D.J.:pɑ:s]

[K.K.:pæs]

vt. & vi.

走过, 经过

通过; 批准

度过; 花费

vt.

递给; 传

n.

越过, 通过

通行证, 许可证

通道, 山口

passed

[D.J.:pɑ:st]

[K.K.:pæst]

adj.

已经通过的,已被传递的

passing

in passing

顺便地；附带地

adv.

很,非常

passingly

adv.

暂时地;顺便地;仓促地

passing bell

丧钟

passing light

<空>通过灯

passingly

adv.

顺便

pass *****

1. pass passes passing passed
To pass someone or something means to go past them without stopping.

- As she passed the library door, the telephone began to ring.

- Jane stood aside to let her pass.

- I sat in the garden and watched the passing cars.

VB

2. pass passes passing passed
When someone or something passes in a particular direction, they move in that direction.

- He passed through the doorway into Ward B.

- He passed down the tunnel.

- The car passed over the body twice, once backward and then forward.

VB
= go

3. pass passes passing passed
If something such as a road or pipe passes along a particular route, it goes along that route.

- After going over the Col de Vars, the route passes through St-Paul-sur-Ubaye.

- The road passes a farmyard.

VB

4. pass passes passing passed
If you pass something through, over, or round something else, you move or push it through, over, or round that thing.

- She passed the needle through the rough cloth, back and forth.

- `I don't understand,' the Inspector mumbled, passing a hand through his hair.

- He passed a hand wearily over his eyes.

VB

5. pass passes passing passed
If you pass something to someone, you take it in your hand and give it to them.

- Ken passed the books to Sergeant Parrott.

- Pass me that bottle.

VB
= hand

6. pass passes passing passed
If something passes or is passed from one person to another, the second person then has it instead of the first.

- His mother's small estate had passed to him after her death.

- These powers were eventually passed to municipalities.

- ...a genetic trait, which can be passed from one generation to the next.

V-ERG

7. pass passes passing passed
If you pass information to someone, you give it to them because it concerns them.

- Officials failed to pass vital information to their superiors.

- He passed the letters to the Department of Trade and Industry.

VB

8. pass on passes on; passing on; passed on
Pass on means the same as pass .

- I do not know what to do with the information if I cannot pass it on.

- From time to time he passed on confidential information to him.

- He has written a note asking me to pass on his thanks.

PHR-V

9. pass passes passing passed
If you pass the ball to someone in your team in a game such as soccer, basketball, hockey, or rugby, you kick, hit, or throw it to them.

- Your partner should then pass the ball back to you.

- Dodd passed back to Flowers.

VB

10. pass passes
Also a noun.

- Hirst rolled a short pass to Merson.

N-COUNT

11. pass passes passing passed
When a period of time passes , it happens and finishes.

- He couldn't imagine why he had let so much time pass without contacting her.

- As the years passed he felt trapped by certain realities of marriage.

- Several minutes passed before the girls were noticed.

VB
= go by

12. pass passes passing passed
If you pass a period of time in a particular way, you spend it in that way.

- The children passed the time playing in the streets.

- To pass the time they sang songs and played cards.

VB

13. pass passes passing passed
If you pass through a stage of development or a period of time, you experience it.

- The country was passing through a grave crisis.

- `Have you ever been at all religious?' --- `No. I never passed through that phase.'

VB
= go

14. pass passes passing passed
If an amount passes a particular total or level, it becomes greater than that total or level.

- They became the first company in their field to pass the £2 billion turn-over mark.

VB
= exceed

15. pass passes passing passed
If someone or something passes a test, they are considered to be of an acceptable standard.

- Kevin has just passed his driving test.

- ...new drugs which have passed early tests to show that they are safe...

- I didn't pass.

VB
≠ fail

16. pass passes
A pass in an examination, test, or course is a successful result in it.

- An A-level pass in Biology is preferred for all courses.

- Passes are graded from `A' down to `E'.

N-COUNT
≠ fail

17. pass passes passing passed
If someone in authority passes a person or thing, they declare that they are of an acceptable standard or have reached an acceptable standard.

- Several popular beaches were found unfit for bathing although the government passed them last year.

- The medical board would not pass him fit for General Service.

VB

18. pass passes passing passed
When people in authority pass a new law or a proposal, they formally agree to it or approve it.

- The Estonian parliament has passed a resolution declaring the republic fully independent.

- Race Relations Acts were passed in 1968 and 1976.

VB

19. pass passes passing passed
When a judge passes sentence on someone, he or she says what their punishment will be.

- Passing sentence, the judge said it all had the appearance of a con trick.

- Before sentence was passed, Mr Mills escaped from jail.

VB

20. pass passes passing passed
If you pass comment or pass a comment, you say something.

- I don't really know so I could not pass comment on that.

- We passed a few remarks about the weather.

VB

21. pass passes passing passed
If something passes without comment, or passes unnoticed, nobody comments on it, reacts to it, or notices it.

- This practice embarrassed Luther, but he let it pass without comment.

- The cocktails were so sweet that the strength of them might pass unnoticed until it was too late.

VB
= go

22. pass passes passing passed
If someone or something passes for or passes as something that they are not, they are accepted as that thing or mistaken for that thing.

- Children's toy guns now look so realistic that they can often pass for the real thing.

- It is doubtful whether Ted, even with his fluent French, passed for one of the locals.

- ...a woman passing as a man.

VB

23. pass passes passing passed
If someone makes you an offer or asks you a question and you say that you will pass on it, you mean that you do not want to accept or answer it now. (INFORMAL)

- I think I'll pass on the hiking next time.

- `You can join us if you like.' Brad shook his head. `I'll pass, thanks.'

VB

24. pass passes passing passed
If someone passes water or passes urine, they urinate.

- A sensitive bladder can make you feel the need to pass water frequently.

VB

25. pass passes
A pass is a document that allows you to do something.

- I got myself a pass into the barracks.

- Malaysian Railways has a rail pass for foreign visitors: 10 days' unlimited travel costs around £53.

N-COUNT
= permit

26. pass passes
A pass is a narrow path or route between mountains.

- The monastery is in a remote mountain pass.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

27. pass
If someone makes a pass at you, they try to begin a romantic or sexual relationship with you. (INFORMAL)

- Nancy wasn't sure if Dirk was making a pass at her.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR at n

pass on *****

1. pass on passes on; passing on; passed on
If you pass something on to someone, you give it to them so that they have it instead of you.

- The Queen is passing the money on to a selection of her favourite charities.

- There is a risk of passing the virus on.

- The late Earl passed on much of his fortune to his daughter.

- Tenants remain liable if they pass on their lease.

PHR-V

2. pass on passes on; passing on; passed on
If you pass on costs or savings to someone else, you make them pay for your costs or allow them to benefit from your savings.

- They pass on their cost of borrowing and add to it their profit margin.

- I found we could make some saving and it is right to pass the savings on to the customer.

PHR-V

3. pass on passes on; passing on; passed on
You can say that someone passed on to mean that they died, if you want to avoid using the word `die' because you think it might upset or offend people.

- He passed on with a heart attack at the age of 72.

PHR-V
= pass away

passing **

1. passing
A passing fashion, activity, or feeling lasts for only a short period of time and is not worth taking very seriously.

- Hamnett does not believe environmental concern is a passing fad.

- He had never taken more than a passing interest in the girl.

ADJ: ADJ n
= fleeting ≠ lasting

2. passing
The passing of something such as a time or system is the fact of its coming to an end.

- It was an historic day, yet its passing was not marked by the slightest excitement.

- When the Fifties faded into history, there wasn't a lot of mourning for the passing of an era.

N-SING: with poss

3. passing
You can refer to someone's death as their passing , if you want to avoid using the word `death' because you think it might upset or offend people.

- His passing will be mourned by many people.

- ...the passing of one of this century's great artists, Miles Davis.

N-SING: with poss
= death

4. passing
The passing of a period of time is the fact or process of its going by.

- The passing of time brought a sense of emptiness.

- The passing of the years has been kind to Dan. He looks like a man of half his age.

N-SING: the N of n

5. passing
A passing mention or reference is brief and is made while you are talking or writing about something else.

- It was just a passing comment, he didn't go on about it.

- The colonies received only a passing mention.

ADJ: ADJ n
= casual

6. passing
If you mention something in passing , you mention it briefly while you are talking or writing about something else.

- In passing, it should be noted that.

- The army is only mentioned in passing.

PHR: PHR with cl, PHR after v
= incidentally

7. passing
If something changes with each passing year or with every passing day , it changes continuously.

- His stomach had grown more prominent with every passing year.

- Work becomes harder with each passing day.

PHR

pass

verb Informal

1.

go by or past

elapse

go

lapse

move

proceed

run

2.

qualify

do

get through

graduate

succeed

3.

spend

fill

occupy

while away

4.

give

convey

deliver

hand

send

transfer

5.

approve

accept

decree

enact

legislate

ordain

ratify

6.

exceed

beat

go beyond

outdo

outstrip

surpass

7.

end

blow over

cease

go

noun

8.

gap

canyon

gorge

ravine

route

9.

licence

authorization

passport

permit

ticket

warrant

passing

adjective

1.

momentary

brief

ephemeral

fleeting

short-lived

temporary

transient

transitory

2.

superficial

casual

cursory

glancing

quick

short

pass around *****

pass around passes around; passing around; passed around
If a group of people pass something around or pass it round , they each take it and then give it to the next person.

- Serve the pudding, and pass around a bowl of yogurt to go with it.

- Just pass this round as I'm talking and take a little look at it.

- A bottle of whisky was passed around.

PHR-V (BRIT) also pass round

pass away *****

pass away passes away; passing away; passed away
You can say that someone passed away to mean that they died, if you want to avoid using the word `die' because you think it might upset or offend people.

- He unfortunately passed away last year.

PHR-V
= pass on

pass away

verb Euphemistic

die

expire

kick the bucket slang

pass on

pass over

shuffle off this mortal coil

snuff it informal

pass by *****

pass by passes by; passing by; passed by
If you pass by something, you go past it or near it on your way to another place.

- I told him to drop in and spend a few days with us if he passed by here on his way back.

- They were injured when a parked car exploded as their convoy passed by.

PHR-V

pass off *****

pass off passes off; passing off; passed off
If an event passes off without any trouble, it happens and ends without any trouble.

- The main demonstration passed off peacefully.

- The event passed off without any major incidents.

PHR-V

pass off as *****

pass off passes off; passing off; passed off
If you pass something off as another thing, you convince people that it is that other thing.

- He passed himself off as a senior psychologist.

- I've tried to pass off my accent as a convent school accent.

- ...horse meat being passed off as ground beef.

PHR-V

pass off

verb

fake

counterfeit

make a pretence of

palm off

pass out *****

1. pass out passes out; passing out; passed out
If you pass out , you faint or collapse.

- He felt sick and dizzy and then passed out.

- She passed out drunk.

PHR-V

2. pass out passes out; passing out; passed out
When a police, army, navy, or air force cadet passes out , he or she completes his or her training. (BRIT)

- He passed out in November 1924 and was posted to No 24 Squadron.

PHR-V

pass out

verb Informal

faint

become unconscious

black out informal

lose consciousness

pass over *****

1. pass over passes over; passing over; passed over
If someone is passed over for a job or position, they do not get the job or position and someone younger or less experienced is chosen instead.

- She claimed she was repeatedly passed over for promotion while less experienced white male colleagues were given postings.

- They've been rejected, disappointed, ignored, passed over.

PHR-V: usu passive

2. pass over passes over; passing over; passed over
If you pass over a topic in a conversation or speech, you do not talk about it.

- He largely passed over the government's record.

- They seem to think her crimes should be passed over in silence.

PHR-V

pass over

verb

disregard

ignore

overlook

take no notice of

pass up *****

pass up passes up; passing up; passed up
If you pass up a chance or an opportunity, you do not take advantage of it.

- The official urged the government not to pass up the opportunity that has now presented itself.

- `I can't pass this up.' She waved the invitation.

PHR-V

pass up

verb Informal

miss

abstain

decline

forgo

give (something) a miss informal

let slip

neglect

passable

[D.J.:ˈpæsəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈpæsəbəl]

adj.

过得去的;尚可的

通行无阻

passably

[ˈpɑ:səbli]

adv.

尚可地,也还过得去地

passable

1. passable
If something is a passable effort or of passable quality, it is satisfactory or quite good.

- Stan puffed out his thin cheeks in a passable imitation of his dad.

- Ms Campbell speaks passable French.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= adequate fair

2. passably

- She has always been quick to pick things up, doing passably well in school without really trying.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/adv, also ADV after v

3. passable
If a road is passable , it is not completely blocked, and people can still use it.

- The airport road is passable today for the first time in a week.

- ...muddy mountain roads that are barely passable.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

passable

adjective

adequate

acceptable

all right

average

fair

mediocre

so-so informal

tolerable

passage

[D.J.:ˈpæsidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈpæsɪdʒ]

n.

通道, 过道

(文章的)一段, 一节

经过, 通过; 消逝

passage ***

1. passage passages
A passage is a long narrow space with walls or fences on both sides, which connects one place or room with another.

- Harry stepped into the passage and closed the door behind him.

- ...up some stairs and along a narrow passage towards a door.

N-COUNT
= passageway corridor

2. passage passages
A passage in a book, speech, or piece of music is a section of it that you are considering separately from the rest.

- He reads a passage from Milton.

- ...the passage in which Blake spoke of the world of imagination...

- Compare the following passages.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= excerpt extract

3. passage passages
A passage is a long narrow hole or tube in your body, which air or liquid can pass along.

- ...cells that line the air passages.

- ...blocked nasal passages.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

4. passage passages
A passage through a crowd of people or things is an empty space that allows you to move through them.

- He cleared a passage for himself through the crammed streets.

- Two men suddenly elbowed a passage through the shoppers.

N-COUNT: oft N through n
= way

5. passage
The passage of someone or something is their movement from one place to another.

- Germany had not requested Franco's consent for the passage of troops through Spain.

- The passage of heat through rock is extremely slow.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss
= movement

6. passage
The passage of someone or something is their progress from one situation or one stage in their development to another.

- ...to ease their passage to a market economy.

- ...the passage from school to college.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N from/to n, oft with poss
= transition

7. passage
The passage of a bill or act is the official acceptance of it by a parliament or legislature.

- It's been 200 years since the passage of the Bill of Rights.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= passing

8. passage
The passage of a period of time is its passing.

- An asset that increases in value with the passage of time.

- ...after the passage of eighteen months.

N-SING: the N of n
= passing

9. passage passages
A passage is a journey by ship.

- We'd arrived the day before after a 10-hour passage from Swansea.

N-COUNT
= crossing

10. passage
If you are granted passage through a country or area of land, you are given permission to go through it.

- Mr Thomas would be given safe passage to and from Jaffna.

- You may have free passage across our territory whenever you require it.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N prep

passage

noun

1.

way

alley

avenue

channel

course

path

road

route

2.

corridor

hall

lobby

vestibule

3.

extract

excerpt

piece

quotation

reading

section

text

4.

journey

crossing

trek

trip

voyage

5.

safe-conduct

freedom

permission

right

passageway

[D.J.:ˈpæsɪdʒˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpæsɪdʒˌwe]

n.

(尤指两面有墙的)通道;走廊

passageway *

passageway passageways
A passageway is a long narrow space with walls or fences on both sides, which connects one place or room with another.

- Outside, in the passageway, I could hear people moving about.

- There's an underground passageway that connects the five buildings.

N-COUNT
= passage

passageway

noun

corridor

aisle

alley

hall

hallway

lane

passage

passbook

[D.J.:ˈpæsˌbʊk]

[K.K.:ˈpæsˌbʊk]

n.

<英>(建房互助会的)存取款记录簿

<南非>(种族隔离时期所有黑人随身携带的)有色人种身份证

passbook

passbook passbooks
A passbook is a small book recording the amount of money you pay in or take out of a savings account at a bank or building society. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

pass´e

pass´e
If someone describes something as pass´e , they think that it is no longer fashionable or that it is no longer effective.

- Punk is pass´e.

- She has publicly proclaimed that the Socialist Party is pass´e and that it is time to create a new party.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ disapproval
= old hat dated

pass´e

adjective

out-of-date

dated

obsolete

old-fashioned

old hat

outdated

outmoded

unfashionable

passenger

[D.J.:ˈpæsindʒə]

[K.K.:ˈpæsəndʒɚ]

n.

乘客, 旅客

passenger ***

1. passenger passengers
A passenger in a vehicle such as a bus, boat, or plane is a person who is travelling in it, but who is not driving it or working on it.

- Mr Fullemann was a passenger in the car when it crashed.

- ...a flight from Milan with more than forty passengers on board.

N-COUNT

2. passenger
Passenger is used to describe something that is designed for passengers, rather than for drivers or goods.

- I sat in the passenger seat.

- ...a passenger train.

ADJ: ADJ n

passenger

noun

traveller

fare

rider

passer-by

[D.J.:ˈpæsəˌbaɪ, -ˈbaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpæsɚˌbaɪ, -ˈbaɪ]

n.

过路人,经过者

passer-by *

passer-by passers-by
A passer-by is a person who is walking past someone or something.

- A passer-by described what he saw moments after the car bomb had exploded.

- I went and sat in a cafe and watched the passers-by.

N-COUNT also passerby .

passer-by

noun

bystander

onlooker

witness

passim

[D.J.:ˈpæsim]

[K.K.:ˈpæsɪm]

adv.

各处,到处

passim

passim
In indexes and notes, passim indicates that a particular name or subject occurs frequently throughout a particular piece of writing or section of a book.

- ...The Theories of their Relation (London, 1873), p. 8 and passim.

passion

[D.J.:ˈpæʃən]

[K.K.:ˈpæʃən]

n.

激情, 热情

狂怒, 盛怒

爱好, 酷爱

passion ***

1. passion
Passion is strong sexual feelings towards someone.

- ...my passion for a dark-haired, slender boy named James.

- ...the expression of love and passion.

- ...Maggy, the object of his passions.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
= desire

2. passion
Passion is a very strong feeling about something or a strong belief in something.

- He spoke with great passion.

- ...the passion and commitment of the Republican candidate.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
= feeling

3. passion passions
If you have a passion for something, you have a very strong interest in it and like it very much.

- She had a passion for gardening.

- His other great passion was Italy.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

passion

noun

1.

love

ardour

desire

infatuation

lust

2.

emotion

ardour

excitement

feeling

fervour

fire

heat

intensity

warmth

zeal

3.

rage

anger

fit

frenzy

fury

outburst

paroxysm

storm

4.

mania

bug informal

craving

craze

enthusiasm

fascination

obsession

passionate

[D.J.:ˈpæʃənit]

[K.K.:ˈpæʃənɪt]

adj.

多情的

表现[充满]激情的, 激昂的

热切的; 强烈的

passionately

[D.J.:ˈpæʃənɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpæʃənɪtlɪ]

adv.

热情地;激昂地

passionate **

1. passionate
A passionate person has very strong feelings about something or a strong belief in something.

- ...his passionate commitment to peace...

- I'm a passionate believer in public art.

- He is very passionate about the project.

- ...a passionate and combative speech.

ADJ-GRADED
= fervent

2. passionately

- I am passionately opposed to the death penalty.

ADV-GRADED
= fervently

3. passionate
A passionate person has strong romantic or sexual feelings and expresses them in their behaviour.

- ...a beautiful, passionate woman of twenty-six.

- ...the story of a passionate love affair...

- We were both very tender and passionate towards one another.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ passionless

4. passionately

- He was passionately in love with her.

- She kissed him passionately.

ADV-GRADED

passionate

adjective

1.

loving

amorous

ardent

erotic

hot

lustful

2.

emotional

ardent

eager

fervent

fierce

heartfelt

impassioned

intense

strong

passion fruit

passion fruit
A passion fruit is a small, round, brown fruit that is produced by certain types of tropical flower.
N-VAR passion fruit is both the singular and the plural form

passionless

[D.J.:ˈpæʃənlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈpæʃənlɪs]

adj.

没热情的

passionless

passionless
If you describe someone or something as passionless , you mean that they do not have or show strong feelings.

- ...a passionless academic.

- ...their late and apparently passionless marriage.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ passionate

passive

[D.J.:ˈpæsiv]

[K.K.:ˈpæsɪv]

adj.

被动的; 消极的; 不抵抗的

冷漠的, 不关心的

passively

adv.

被动地,顺从地

passivity

[D.J.:pæˈsiviti]

[K.K.:pæˈsɪvɪti]

n.

被动性

passive **

1. passive
If you describe someone as passive , you mean that they do not take action but instead let things happen to them.

- His passive attitude made things easier for me.

- Even passive acceptance of the regime was a kind of collaboration.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= docile ≠ active

2. passively

- He sat there passively, content to wait for his father to make the opening move.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. passivity

- ...the passivity of the public under the military occupation.

N-UNCOUNT

4. passive
A passive activity involves watching, looking at, or listening to things rather than doing things.

- They want less passive ways of filling their time.

- ...the passive enjoyment one gets from looking at a painting or sculpture.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ active

5. passive
Passive resistance involves showing opposition to the people in power in your country by not co-operating with them and protesting in non-violent ways.

- They made it clear that they would only exercise passive resistance in the event of a military takeover.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ active

6. passive
In grammar, the passive or the passive voice is formed using `be' and the past participle of a verb. The subject of a passive clause does not perform the action expressed by the verb but is affected by it. For example, in `He's been murdered', the verb is in the passive. Compare active .
N-SING: the N

passive

adjective

submissive

compliant

docile

inactive

quiescent

receptive

passive smoking

passive smoking
Passive smoking involves breathing in the smoke from other people's cigarettes because you happen to be near them.

- ...the dangers of passive smoking.

N-UNCOUNT

passivize

[ˈpæsivaiz]

v.

(使)变成被动

passivize

passivize passivizes passivizing passivized
If you can passivize a verb or clause, or if it can passivize , you can put the verb in the passive voice. (TECHNICAL)
V-ERG: V n, V (BRIT) also passivise

Passover

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:səuvə]

[K.K.:ˈpæsˌovɚ]

n.

逾越节,逾越节祭神的羔羊

Passover

Passover
Passover is a Jewish festival that begins in March or April and lasts for seven or eight days. Passover begins with a special meal that reminds Jewish people of how God helped their ancestors escape from Egypt.

- Tomorrow night at sundown, the Jewish holiday of Passover begins.

- Kate had invited Alan to spend the Passover with her.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N

passport

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:spɔ:t]

[K.K.:ˈpæsˌpɔrt, -ˌport]

n.

护照

手段, 保障

passport **

1. passport passports
Your passport is an official document containing your name, photograph, and personal details, which you need to show when you enter or leave a country.

- You should take your passport with you when changing money.

- ...a South African businessman travelling on a British passport.

N-COUNT

2. passport passports
If you say that a thing is a passport to success or happiness, you mean that this thing makes success or happiness possible.

- Victory would give him a passport to the riches he craves.

- If the interview goes well it could be the passport to an exciting new career.

N-COUNT: N to n

password

[D.J.:ˈpæsˌwɜ:d]

[K.K.:ˈpæsˌwə..d]

n.

(进入房间、建筑或某个地区的)口令

<计>(使用计算机操作系统的)密码

password

password passwords
A password is a secret word or phrase that you must know in order to be allowed to enter a place such as a military base, or to be allowed to use a computer system.

- Advance and give the password.

- No-one could use the computer unless they had a password.

N-COUNT

password

noun

signal

key word

watchword

past

[pɑ:st]

adj.

以前的, 过去的

结束了的; 不复存在的

前任的; 已卸任的

n.

过去, 昔时; 往事

过去的生活[经历]

prep.

(表示时间)迟于, 在…之后, 晚于

(表示距离)远于, 在…的更远处

(表示关涉)从…旁边过去, 通过

(表示程度)超出, 超越

(表示数目)超过, 过于

adv.

经过, 过

past *****

(In addition to the uses shown below, past is used in the phrasal verb `run past'.)

1. past
If you accuse someone of living in the past , you mean that they think too much about the past or believe that things are the same as they were in the past.

- In the past, about a third of the babies born to women with diabetes were lost.

- He should learn from the mistakes of the past. We have been here before.

- We would like to put the past behind us.

- What was the point in living in the past, thinking about what had or had not happened?

PHR: V inflects

2. past pasts
Your past consists of all the things that you have done or that have happened to you.

- ...revelations about his past.

- ...Germany's recent past.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp
= history

3. past
Past events and things happened or existed before the present time.

- I knew from past experience that alternative therapies could help.

- ...a return to the turbulence of past centuries...

- The list of past champions includes many British internationals.

ADJ: ADJ n
= former

4. Also used after periods of time. (LITERARY)

- A South Korean newspaper said today the event will be smaller than in years past.

5. past
You use past to talk about a period of time that has just finished. For example, if you talk about the past five years , you mean the period of five years that has just finished.

- Most shops have remained closed for the past three days.

- ...the momentous events of the past few days.

ADJ: det ADJ n
= last ≠ next

6. past
If a situation is past , it has ended and no longer exists. (LITERARY)

- Many economists believe the worst of the economic downturn is past.

- The time for loyalty is past.

- ...images from years long past.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
= gone

7. past
In grammar, the past tenses of a verb are the ones used to talk about things that happened at some time before the present. The simple past tense uses the past form of a verb, which for regular verbs ends in `-ed', as in `They walked back to the car'.
ADJ: ADJ n
See also past perfect .

8. past
You use past when you are stating a time which is thirty minutes or less after a particular hour. For example, if it is twenty past six, it is twenty minutes after six o'clock.

- It's ten past eleven.

- I arrived at half past ten.

PREP: num PREP num
≠ to

9. past
Also an adverb.

- I have my lunch at half past.

ADV: num ADV
≠ to

10. past
If it is past a particular time, it is later than that time.

- It was past midnight.

- It's past your bedtime.

PREP
= gone after

11. past
If you go past someone or something, you go near them and keep moving, so that they are then behind you.

- I dashed past him and out of the door.

- A steady procession of people filed past the coffin.

- He was never able to get past the border guards.

PREP
= by

12. past
Also an adverb.

- An ambulance drove past.

ADV
= by

13. past
If you look or point past a person or thing, you look or point at something behind them.

- She stared past Christine at the bed.

PREP: v PREP n
= beyond

14. past
If something is past a place, it is on the other side of it.

- Go north on I-15 to the exit just past Barstow.

- Just past the Barlby roundabout there's temporary traffic lights.

PREP: v-link PREP n
≠ before

15. past
If someone or something is past a particular point or stage, they are no longer at that point or stage.

- He was well past retirement age.

- They felt that, at 69 or so, Mr Peters was past his prime.

- ...a piece of cheese four weeks past its sell-by date...

- The situation is long past the stage when anyone's advice would help.

PREP: usu v-link PREP n
= beyond

16. past
If you say that someone or something is past it , they are no longer able to do what they used to do. (INFORMAL)

- The aeroplane seats were somewhat narrow, but by that time she was past caring.

- Often by the time they do accept the truth they are past being able to put words to feelings.

- I suppose they're saying that I'm past it.

- We could do with a new car. The one we've got at the moment is getting a bit past it.

PHR: v-link PHR disapproval

17. past
If you say that you would not put it past someone to do something bad, you mean that you would not be surprised if they did it because you think their character is bad.

- You know what she's like. I wouldn't put it past her to call the police and say I stole them.

PHR: oft PHR to-inf

past

adjective

1.

former

ancient

bygone

early

olden

previous

2.

over

done

ended

finished

gone

noun

3.

background

history

life

past life

the past

4.

former times

days gone by

long ago

olden days

preposition

5.

after

beyond

later than

6.

beyond

across

by

over

pasta

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:stə]

[K.K.:ˈpɑstə]

n.

面团(用以制意大利通心粉,细面条等)；意大利面食

pasta **

pasta pastas
Pasta is a type of food made from a mixture of flour, eggs, and water that is formed into different shapes and then boiled. Spaghetti, macaroni, and noodles are types of pasta.
N-MASS

paste

[D.J.:peist]

[K.K.:pest]

n.

面团, 糊状物

糨糊

vt.

粘, 贴

鞭笞; 打

pasting

[ˈpeistiŋ]

n.

涂,裱糊

paste *

1. paste pastes
Paste is a soft, wet, sticky mixture of a substance and a liquid, which can be spread easily. Some types of paste are used to stick things together.

- He then sticks it back together with flour paste.

- Blend a little milk with the custard powder to form a paste.

- ...wallpaper paste.

N-MASS

2. paste pastes
Paste is a soft smooth mixture made of crushed meat, fruit, or vegetables. You can, for example, spread it onto bread or use it in cooking.

- ...tomato paste.

- ...fish paste sandwiches.

N-MASS

3. paste pastes pasting pasted
If you paste something on a surface, you put glue or paste on it and stick it on the surface.

- ...pasting labels on bottles...

- Activists pasted up posters criticizing the leftist leaders.

VB

4. paste
Paste is a hard shiny glass that is used for making imitation jewellery.

- ...paste emeralds.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

pasting

1. pasting
If something or someone takes a pasting , they are severely criticized. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The people who run Lloyd's of London took a pasting yesterday.

- ...the critical pasting that the film received.

N-SING

2. pasting
If a sports team or political party is given a pasting , they are heavily defeated. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-SING
= thrashing

paste

noun

1.

adhesive

cement

glue

gum

verb

2.

stick

cement

glue

gum

pastel

[D.J.:pæˈstel]

[K.K.:pæˈstɛl]

n.

彩色粉笔

彩色粉笔画,蜡笔画

轻淡柔和的色彩

adj.

彩色粉笔画的,蜡笔画的

(色彩)淡的,柔和的

pastel *

1. pastel
Pastel colours are pale rather than dark or bright.

- ...delicate pastel shades.

- ...pastel pink, blue, peach and green.

- ...pretty pastel-coloured houses.

ADJ: ADJ n, ADJ colour

2. pastel pastels
Also a noun.

- The lobby is decorated in pastels.

N-COUNT

3. pastel pastels
Pastels are also small sticks of different coloured chalks that are used for drawing pictures.

- ...pastels and charcoal.

- ...the portrait in pastels.

N-COUNT: usu pl

4. pastel pastels
A pastel is a picture that has been done using pastels.

- ...Degas's paintings, pastels, and prints.

- ...a pastel by Toulouse-Lautrec.

- ...a pastel drawing.

N-COUNT

pastel

adjective

pale

delicate

light

muted

soft

pasteurized

[D.J.:ˈp ɑ:stəraɪzd]

[K.K.:ˈpæstəraɪzd]

adj.

(牛奶等)巴氏消毒的

pasteurized

pasteurized
Pasteurized milk, cream, or cheese has had bacteria removed from it by a special heating process to make it safer to eat or drink.
ADJ: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also pasteurised

pastiche

[D.J.:pæˈsti:ʃ, pɑ:-]

[K.K.:pæˈstiʃ, pɑ-]

n.

模仿作品

拼凑的艺术作品,集锦

模仿的艺术风格

pastiche *

pastiche pastiches
A pastiche is something such as a piece of writing or music in which the style is copied from somewhere else, or which contains a mixture of different styles. (FORMAL)

- Peter Baker's bathroom is a brilliant pastiche of expensive interior design.

N-VAR

pastiche

noun

medley

blend

hotchpotch

m´elange

miscellany

mixture

pastille

[D.J.:ˈpæstil,pæsˈti:l]

[K.K.:pæˈstil]

n.

(药的)锭剂,芳香重剂;含药(锭,片),粉蜡笔

pastille

pastille pastilles
A pastille is a small, round sweet or piece of candy that has a fruit flavour. Some pastilles contain medicine and you can suck them if you have a sore throat or a cough.
N-COUNT

pastime

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:staim]

[K.K.:ˈpæsˌtaɪm]

n.

消遣, 娱乐

pastime *

pastime pastimes
A pastime is something that you do in your spare time because you enjoy it or are interested in it.

- His favourite pastime is golf.

N-COUNT
= hobby

pastime

noun

activity

amusement

diversion

entertainment

game

hobby

recreation

past master

past master past masters
If you are a past master at something, you are very skilful at it because you have had a lot of experience doing it.

- He was a past-master at manipulating the media for his own ends.

- She is an adept rock-climber and a past master of the assault course.

N-COUNT: usu N at/in/of n
= expert

pastor

[D.J.:ˈpæstə]

[K.K.:ˈpæstɚ]

n.

(基督教的)牧师

pastor *

pastor pastors
A pastor is a member of the Christian clergy in some Protestant churches.
N-COUNT

pastor

noun

clergyman

churchman

ecclesiastic

minister

parson

priest

rector

vicar

pastoral

[D.J.:ˈpæstərəl]

[K.K.:ˈpæstərəl]

adj.

牧师的, 圣职的;牧师职责的

有关田园生活的, 农村生活的

(土地)长满草的;宜于放牧的

n.

牧函, 主教教书

pastoral *

1. pastoral
The pastoral duties of a priest or other religious leader involve looking after the people he or she has responsibility for, especially by helping them with their personal problems.

- ...the pastoral care of the sick...

- Many churches provide excellent pastoral counselling.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. pastoral
If a school offers pastoral care, it is concerned with the personal needs and problems of its pupils, not just with their schoolwork. (mainly BRIT)

- A few schools now offer counselling sessions; all have some system of pastoral care.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. pastoral
A pastoral place, atmosphere, or idea is characteristic of peaceful country life and scenery.

- ...the pastoral beauty of a park.

- ...a tranquil pastoral scene.

- ...the pastoral joys of rural districts.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= rustic bucolic

4. pastoral
A pastoral way of life is one in which people keep animals such as cows and sheep that feed off the land.

- ...the Israelites, who were a pastoral people.

- ...a system of pastoral farming.

ADJ: ADJ n

pastoral

adjective

1.

rustic

bucolic

country

rural

2.

ecclesiastical

clerical

ministerial

priestly

past participle

past participle past participles
In grammar, the past participle of a verb is a form that is usually the same as the past form and so ends in `-ed'. A number of verbs have irregular past participles, for example `break' - past participle `broken', and `come' - past participle `come'. Past participles are used to form perfect tenses and the passive voice, and many of them can be used like an adjective in front of a noun.
N-COUNT

past perfect

past perfect
In grammar, the past perfect tenses of a verb are the ones used to talk about things that happened before a specific time. The simple past perfect tense uses `had' and the past participle of the verb, as in `She had seen him before'. It is sometimes called the pluperfect .
ADJ: ADJ n

pastrami

[D.J.:pəsˈtrɑ:mi]

[K.K.:pəˈstrɑmi]

n.

五香熏牛(肩)肉

pastrami

pastrami
Pastrami is strongly seasoned smoked beef.
N-UNCOUNT

pastry

[D.J.:ˈpeistri]

[K.K.:ˈpestri]

n.

糕点

pastry **

1. pastry
Pastry is a food made from flour, fat, and water that is mixed together, rolled flat, and baked in the oven. It is used, for example, for making pies.
N-UNCOUNT

2. pastry pastries
A pastry is a small cake made with sweet pastry.
N-COUNT

pasture

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:stʃə]

[K.K.:ˈpæstʃɚ]

n.

牧草地, 牧场

牧草

vt. & vi.

放牧

vi.

吃草

pasture *

1. pasture pastures
Pasture is land with grass growing on it for farm animals to eat.

- The cows are out now, grazing in the pasture.

- ...mountain pastures.

N-VAR

2. pasture
If someone leaves for greener pastures , or in British English pastures new , they leave their job, their home, or the situation they are in for something they think will be much better.

- Michael decided he wanted to move on to pastures new for financial reasons.

- ...nurses seeking greener pastures overseas.

PHR: prep PHR, v PHR

3. pasture
If you put animals out to pasture , you move them out into the fields so they can eat the grass.
PHR: V inflects

4. pasture
If you say that someone is being put out to pasture , you mean they are no longer being employed because they are considered to be too old or no longer useful. (INFORMAL)

- I'm retiring next month. They're putting me out to pasture.

PHR: V inflects disapproval
= retire

pasture

noun

grassland

grass

grazing

meadow

pasties

[D.J.:ˈpæsti:z]

[K.K.:ˈpeˌstiz]

n.

(脱衣舞女等粘戴在乳头上的)乳头罩

pasty

[D.J.:ˈpeɪsti:]

[K.K.:ˈpesti]

n.

肉馅饼

adj.

苍白的

pasty

1. pasty
If you are pasty or if you have a pasty face , you look pale and unhealthy.

- My complexion remained pale and pasty.

- Ron Freeman appeared pasty faced and nervous.

ADJ-GRADED
= sallow

2. pasty pasties
In Britain, a pasty is a small pie which consists of pastry folded around meat, vegetables, or cheese.

- ...meat pasties.

N-COUNT
See also Cornish pasty .

pasty

adjective

pale

anaemic

pallid

sickly

wan

pat

[D.J.:pæt]

[K.K.:pæt]

vt. & vi.

轻拍

拍成, 拍至

n.

轻拍

轻拍某物发出的声音

小团, 小块

adj.

恰好的; 适当的

过于快的; 伶牙俐齿的

pat **

1. pat pats patting patted
If you pat something or someone, you tap them lightly, usually with your hand held flat.

- `Don't you worry about any of this,' she said patting me on the knee.

- The landlady patted her hair nervously.

- Wash the lettuce and pat it dry.

VB

2. pat pats
Also a noun.

- He gave her an encouraging pat on the shoulder.

N-COUNT

3. pat pats
A pat of butter or something else that is soft is a small lump of it.
N-COUNT: usu N of n

4. pat
If you say that an answer or explanation is pat , you disapprove of it because it is too simple and sounds as if it has been prepared in advance.

- There's no pat answer to that.

- Despite the film's merits I felt it was too pat.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= glib facile

5. pat
If you give someone a pat on the back or if you pat them on the back , you show them that you think they have done well and deserve to be praised.

- The players deserve a pat on the back.

- If you do something well, give yourself a pat on the back.

PHR: V inflects approval

6. pat
If you have an answer or explanation down pat or off pat , you have prepared and learned it so you are ready to say it at any time.

- I have my story down pat.

- He had his answer off pat.

PHR: V inflects

7. pat
If you stand pat , you refuse to change your mind about something. (mainly AM)

- On the other side, the men stood pat and were unyielding.

- It makes it hard for the Fed to do anything but stand pat till the economy's direction becomes clearer.

PHR: V inflects

pat

verb

1.

stroke

caress

fondle

pet

tap

touch

noun

2.

stroke

clap

tap

patch

[D.J.:pætʃ]

[K.K.:pætʃ]

n.

补丁, 补片

眼罩

斑, 块

小块, 小片

小块土地

vt.

补

修理

调停, 解决

patching

[ˈpætʃiŋ]

n.

(炉衬,泥芯,砂型)修补,(路面)补坑,搪衬

patch **

1. patch patches
A patch on a surface is a part of it which is different in appearance from the area around it.

- ...the bald patch on the top of his head...

- There was a small patch of blue in the grey clouds.

- ...two big damp patches on the carpet.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. patch patches
A patch of land is a small area of land where a particular plant or crop grows.

- ...a patch of land covered in forest.

- ...the little vegetable patch in her backyard.

- ...a patch of wild cornflowers.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

3. patch patches
A patch is a piece of material which you use to cover a hole in something.

- ...jackets with patches on the elbows.

- ...trying to fix the flat tire by putting a patch on it.

N-COUNT

4. patch patches
A patch is a small piece of material which you wear to cover an injured eye.

- She went to the hospital and found him lying down with a patch over his eye.

N-COUNT
See also eye patch .

5. patch patches patching patched
If you patch something that has a hole in it, you mend it by fastening a patch over the hole.

- He and Walker patched the barn roof.

- One of the mechanics took off the damaged tyre, and took it back to the station to be patched.

- ...their patched clothes.

VB

6. patch
If you have or go through a bad patch or a rough patch , you have a lot of problems for a time. (mainly BRIT)

- His marriage was going through a bad patch.

- The company I work for went through a rough patch.

PHR: N inflects

7. patch
If you say that someone or something is not a patch on another person or thing, you mean that they are not as good as that person or thing. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He's not a patch on the rest of the Cabinet.

- Handsome, she thought, but not a patch on Alex.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR n

patch

noun

1.

reinforcement

2.

spot

bit

scrap

shred

small piece

3.

plot

area

ground

land

tract

verb

4.

mend

cover

reinforce

repair

sew up

patch together **

patch together patches together; patching together; patched together
If you patch something together , you form it from a number of parts in a quick, hurried way.

- ...to avoid an election by patching together a new government...

- A hasty deal was patched together.

- ...this patched-together Commonwealth.

PHR-V

patch up **

1. patch up patches up; patching up; patched up
If you patch up a quarrel or relationship, you try to be friendly again and not to quarrel any more.

- She has gone on holiday with her husband to try to patch up their marriage.

- He has now patched up his differences with the Minister.

- France patched things up with New Zealand.

- They managed to patch it up.

PHR-V-RECIP

2. patch up patches up; patching up; patched up
If you patch up something which is damaged, you mend it or patch it.

- We can patch up those holes.

- He did not have enough money to have the tire patched up, let alone buy a new one.

PHR-V

3. patch up patches up; patching up; patched up
If doctors patch someone up or patch their wounds up , they treat their injuries.

- ...the medical staff who patched her up after the accident...

- Emergency surgery patched up his face.

PHR-V

4. patch up patches up; patching up; patched up
If people or countries patch up a deal, they manage to agree on it after difficult discussions.

- Trade ministers patched up a compromise.

PHR-V

patchwork

[D.J.:ˈpætʃˌwɜ:k]

[K.K.:ˈpætʃˌwə..k]

n.

缝缀而成的各色布片;补缀的手工

patchwork *

1. patchwork
A patchwork quilt, cushion, or piece of clothing is made by sewing together small pieces of material of different colours or patterns.

- ...beds covered in patchwork quilts.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. patchwork
Also a noun.

- For centuries, quilting and patchwork have been popular needlecrafts.

N-UNCOUNT

3. patchwork
If you refer to something as a patchwork , you mean that it is made up of many different parts, pieces or colours.

- The low mountains were a patchwork of green and brown.

- ...this complex republic, a patchwork of cultures, religions and nationalities.

N-SING: oft N of n

patchwork

noun

mixture

hotchpotch

jumble

medley

pastiche

patchy

[D.J.:ˈpætʃi:]

[K.K.:ˈpætʃi]

adj.

斑驳的

不完整的

部分尚好的

patchy *

1. patchy
A patchy substance or colour exists in some places but not in others, or is thick in some places and thin in others.

- Thick patchy fog and irresponsible driving were to blame.

- Bottle tans can make your legs, arms and face look a patchy orange colour.

- ...the brown, patchy grass.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ even

2. patchy
If something is patchy , it is not completely reliable or satisfactory because it is not always good.

- The evidence is patchy.

- Transport is difficult, communications are patchy.

- The rest of the acting is patchy at best.

ADJ-GRADED

patchy

adjective

uneven

erratic

fitful

irregular

sketchy

spotty

variable

pate

[D.J.:peɪt]

[K.K.:pet]

n.

<旧,幽>头顶;(尤指)秃顶,光顶

pate

pate pates
Your pate is the top of your head. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...Bryan's bald pate.

N-COUNT

pât´e *

pât´e pât´es
Pât´e is a soft mixture of meat, fish, or vegetables with various flavourings, and is eaten cold.
N-MASS

patent

[D.J.:ˈpeitənt]

[K.K.:ˈpætnt]

n.

专利, 专利权

专利品

adj.

专利的, 特评的

公开的, 明显的

vt.

获得…专利, 给予…专利权

patently

[D.J.:ˈpeɪtntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpetn..tlɪ]

adv.

明白地;公然地

patent **

1. patent patents
A patent is an official right to be the only person or company allowed to make or sell a new product for a certain period of time.

- P&G applied for a patent on its cookies.

- He held a number of patents for his many innovations.

- It sued Centrocorp for patent infringement.

N-COUNT The pronunciation is used in American English.

2. patent patents
If you patent something, you obtain a patent for it.

- He patented the idea that the atom could be split.

- The invention has been patented by the university.

- ...a patented machine called the VCR II.

VB The pronunciation is used in American English.

3. patent
You use patent to describe something, especially something bad, in order to indicate in an emphatic way that you think its nature or existence is clear and obvious.

- This was patent nonsense.

- ...a patent lie.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= obvious clear

4. patently

- He made his displeasure patently obvious.

- This is patently absurd.

ADV-GRADED
= clearly

patent

noun

1.

copyright

licence

adjective

2.

obvious

apparent

clear

evident

glaring

manifest

patent leather

patent leather
Patent leather is leather which has a shiny surface. It is used to make shoes, bags, and belts.

- He wore patent leather shoes.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

paternal

[D.J.:pəˈtɜ:nəl]

[K.K.:pəˈtə..nəl]

adj.

父亲(般)的

家长式管制的

父系的,父方的

paternally

adv.

父亲似地

paternally

adv.

父亲一般地

paternal *

1. paternal
Paternal is used to describe feelings or actions which are typical of those of a kind father towards his child.

- ...paternal love for his children...

- He put his hand under her chin in an almost paternal gesture.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= fatherly

2. paternal
A paternal relative is one that is related through a person's father rather than their mother.

- ...my paternal grandparents.

ADJ: ADJ n

paternal

adjective

fatherly

concerned

protective

solicitous

paternalism

[D.J.:pəˈtɜ:nəˌlɪzəm]

[K.K.:pəˈtə..nəˌlɪzəm]

n.

家长式制度

paternalistic

adj.

家长式的

paternalistic

[pəˈtə:nəˈlistik]

adj.

家长式作风的

paternalism

paternalism
Paternalism means taking all the decisions for the people you govern, employ, or are responsible for, so that they cannot or do not have to make their own decisions.

- The government should be guided by the criteria of efficiency and not State paternalism.

- ...the company's reputation for paternalism.

N-UNCOUNT

paternalist

[pəˈtə:nəlist]

n.

实行家长制统治的人,家长主义者

paternalist

1. paternalist paternalists
A paternalist is a person who acts in a paternalistic way.

- Primo de Rivera himself was a benevolent and sincere paternalist.

N-COUNT
≠ libertarian

2. paternalist
Paternalist means the same as paternalistic .

- The whole place was the romantic vision of the paternalist local squire.

- ...a paternalist policy of state welfare for the deserving poor.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

paternalistic

paternalistic
Someone who is paternalistic takes all the decisions for the people they govern, employ, or are responsible for.

- The doctor is being paternalistic. He's deciding what information the patient needs to know.

- IBM has always been a paternalistic employer.

ADJ-GRADED

paternity

[D.J.:pəˈtɜ:nɪti:]

[K.K.:pəˈtə..nɪti]

n.

父亲的身份〔地位〕

paternity

paternity
Paternity is the state or fact of being the father of a particular child. (FORMAL)

- He was tricked into marriage by a false accusation of paternity.

N-UNCOUNT

paternity

noun

1.

fatherhood

2.

parentage

descent

extraction

family

lineage

paternity leave

paternity leave
If a man has paternity leave , his employer allows him some time off work because his child has just been born.

- Paternity leave is rare and, where it does exist, it's unlikely to be for any longer than two weeks.

N-UNCOUNT

paternity suit

paternity suit paternity suits
If a woman starts or takes out a paternity suit , she asks a court of law to help her to prove that a particular man is the father of her child, often in order to claim financial support from him.
N-COUNT

path

[D.J.:pɑ:θ]

[K.K.:pæθ, pɑθ]

n.

小路, 小径

路线, 途径, 路径, 轨迹

path ***

1. path paths
A path is a long strip of ground which people walk along to get from one place to another.

- We followed the path along the clifftops.

- Feet had worn a path in the rock.

- He went up the garden path to knock on the door.

N-COUNT

2. path paths
Your path is the space ahead of you as you move along.

- A group of reporters blocked his path.

- She did not notice the man until he moved into her path.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

3. path paths
The path of something is the line which it moves along in a particular direction.

- He stepped without looking into the path of a reversing car.

- ...people who live near airports or under the flight path of airplanes...

- The storm wrecked homes in its path.

N-COUNT: with poss

4. path paths
A path that you take is a particular course of action or way of achieving something.

- The opposition appear to have chosen the path of cooperation rather than confrontation.

- He promised that within 100 days he would put the country on the path to economic recovery.

N-COUNT: oft N of/to n
= way road route

5. path paths
You can say that something is in your path or blocking your path to mean that it is preventing you from doing or achieving what you want.

- The Church of England put a serious obstacle in the path of women who want to become priests.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= way

6. path
If you cross someone's path or if your paths cross , you meet them by chance.

- It was highly unlikely that their paths would cross again.

- Over the years, Yul and Kirk had crossed paths many times.

PHR: V inflects

path

noun

1.

way

footpath

road

track

trail

2.

course

direction

road

route

way

pathetic

[D.J.:pəˈθetik]

[K.K.:pəˈθɛtɪk]

adj.

凄惨的; 可怜的

毫无成功希望的

pathetically

adv.

哀婉动人的,可怜地,情绪上地

pathetic **

1. pathetic
If you describe a person or animal as pathetic , you mean that they are sad and weak or helpless, and they make you feel very sorry for them.

- ...a pathetic little dog with a curly tail...

- The small group of onlookers presented a pathetic sight.

- She now looked small, shrunken and pathetic.

ADJ-GRADED
= pitiful

2. pathetically

- She was pathetically thin.

ADV-GRADED

3. pathetic
If you describe someone or something as pathetic , you mean that they make you feel impatient or angry, often because they are very bad or weak.

- What pathetic excuses.

- It's a pound for a small glass of wine, which is pathetic.

- ...the pathetic attempts at public speaking made by members of all parties...

- Don't be so pathetic.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

4. pathetically

- Five women in a group of 18 people is a pathetically small number.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj

pathetic

adjective

sad

affecting

distressing

heart-rending

moving

pitiable

plaintive

poignant

tender

touching

pathfinder

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:θfaində]

[K.K.:ˈpæθˌfaɪndɚ, ˈpɑθ-]

n.

探险者,开创者

pathfinder

pathfinder pathfinders
A pathfinder is someone whose job is to find routes across areas.
N-COUNT

pathogen

[D.J.:ˈpæθədʒ(ə)n]

[K.K.:ˈpæθədʒən]

n.

病菌,病原体

pathogens

[ˈpæθədʒəns]

n.

病原体(物)

pathogen

pathogen pathogens
A pathogen is any organism which can cause disease in a person, animal, or plant. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

pathogenic

[D.J.:ˌpæθəˈdʒenɪk]

[K.K.:ˌpæθəˈdʒɛnɪk]

adj.

引起疾病的

pathogenic

pathogenic
A pathogenic organism can cause disease in a person, animal, or plant. (TECHNICAL)
ADJ: usu ADJ n

pathological

[D.J.:ˌpæθəˈlɔdʒɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌpæθəˈlɑdʒɪkəl]

adj.

<医>病理学的

由疾病引起的;病态的

莫名其妙的;反常的

pathologically

adv.

病理学地

由疾病引起地

莫名其妙地,反常地,病态地

pathological *

1. pathological
You describe a person or their behaviour as pathological when they behave in an extreme and unacceptable way, and have very powerful feelings which they cannot control.

- He experiences chronic, almost pathological jealousy.

- He's a pathological liar.

- ...a pathological fear of snakes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. pathological
Pathological means relating to pathology or illness. (MEDICAL)

- ...pathological conditions in animals.

ADJ

pathologist

[D.J.:pæˈ θ ɔləd ʒɪst]

[K.K.:pæˈ θ ɑləd ʒɪst]

n.

病理学家

pathology

[D.J.:pæˈθɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:pæˈθɑlədʒi]

n.

病理(学)

pathologist

n.

<医>病理学家

pathologist *

pathologist pathologists
A pathologist is someone who studies or investigates diseases and illnesses, and examines dead bodies in order to find out the cause of death.
N-COUNT

pathology *

pathology
Pathology is the study of the way diseases and illnesses develop. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

pathos

[D.J.:ˈpeɪˌθɔs, -ˌθɔ:s]

[K.K.:ˈpeˌθɑs, -ˌθɔs]

n.

激起怜悯的因素,哀婉,伤感力

pathos *

pathos
Pathos is a quality in a situation, film, or play that makes people feel sadness and pity.

- ...the pathos of man's isolation...

- With touching pathos he described the pangs of hunger.

N-UNCOUNT

pathos

noun

sadness

pitifulness

plaintiveness

poignancy

pathway

[D.J.:ˈpɑ:θwei]

[K.K.:ˈpæθˌwe, ˈpɑθ-]

n.

路,径

pathway *

1. pathway pathways
A pathway is a path which you can walk along or a route which you can take.

- Richard was coming up the pathway.

- ...a pathway leading towards the nearby river.

N-COUNT

2. pathway pathways
A pathway is a particular course of action or a way of achieving something.

- Diplomacy will smooth your pathway to success.

- ... the call to arms that opened the pathway to freedom for the Brazilian people.

N-COUNT: oft N to n
= path

patience

[D.J.:ˈpeiʃəns]

[K.K.:ˈpeʃəns]

n.

耐性, 忍耐力, 耐心

坚忍, 坚持, 毅力

patience **

1. patience
If you have patience , you are able to stay calm and not get annoyed, for example when something takes a long time, or when someone is not doing what you want them to do.

- He doesn't have the patience to wait.

- It was exacting work and required all his patience.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ impatience

2. patience
Patience is also a card game for only one player. (BRIT; in AM use solitaire )

- He would often sit and play patience.

N-UNCOUNT

3. patience
If someone tries your patience or tests your patience , they annoy you so much that it is very difficult for you to stay calm.

- He tended to stutter whenever he spoke to her. It undermined her confidence in him and tried her patience.

- I feel that she would try the patience of a saint.

PHR: V inflects

patience

noun

1.

forbearance

calmness

restraint

serenity

sufferance

tolerance

2.

endurance

constancy

fortitude

long-suffering

perseverance

resignation

stoicism

submission

patient

[D.J.:ˈpeiʃənt]

[K.K.:ˈpeʃənt]

adj.

忍耐的, 有耐心的

n.

患者, 病人

patiently

[D.J.:ˈpeɪʃəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpeʃəntlɪ]

adv.

耐心地;坚韧不拔地

patient ****

1. patient patients
A patient is a person who is receiving medical treatment from a doctor or hospital. A patient is also someone who is registered with a particular doctor.

- The earlier the treatment is given, the better the patient's chances.

- She was tough but wonderful with her patients.

- He specialized in treatment of cancer patients.

N-COUNT

2. patient
If you are patient , you stay calm and do not get annoyed, for example when something takes a long time, or when someone is not doing what you want them to do.

- Please be patient -- your cheque will arrive.

- He was endlessly kind and patient with children.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ impatient

3. patiently

- She waited patiently for Frances to finish.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

patient

adjective

1.

long-suffering

calm

enduring

persevering

philosophical

resigned

stoical

submissive

uncomplaining

2.

forbearing

even-tempered

forgiving

indulgent

lenient

mild

tolerant

understanding

noun

3.

sick person

case

invalid

sufferer

patina

[D.J.:ˈpætnə]

[K.K.:ˈpætnə]

n.

(青铜器上的)铜绿,绿锈

(旧木器等表面)年久而产生的光泽

神情，气氛

patina

1. patina
A patina is a thin layer of something that has formed on the surface of something.

- The trophy is very impressive and rather special because it has a beautiful green patina.

- He allowed a fine patina of old coffee to develop around the inside of the mug.

N-SING: with supp

2. patina
The patina on an old object is an attractive soft shine that has developed on its surface, usually because it has been used a lot.

- ...a mahogany door that is golden brown with the patina of age.

N-SING: with supp

3. patina
If you say that someone has a patina of a quality or characteristic, you mean that they have a small but impressive amount of this quality or characteristic.

- ...a superficial patina of knowledge...

- Except for a patina of charisma, he was like a thousand other bright young men in Toronto.

N-SING: with supp, oft N of n

patio

[D.J.:ˈpæti:ˌəʊ, ˈpɑ:ti:ˌəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈpætiˌo, ˈpɑtiˌo]

n.

<西>露台,平台

patio *

patio patios
A patio is an area of flat blocks or concrete next to a house, where people can sit and relax or eat.
N-COUNT

patio door

patio door patio doors
Patio doors are glass doors that lead onto a patio.
N-COUNT

patisserie

[D.J.:pəˈtisəri]

[K.K.:pəˈtɪsəri, pɑtisˈri]

n.

法式蛋糕,专售法式蛋糕的店

patisserie

1. patisserie patisseries
A patisserie is a shop where cakes and pastries are sold.

- ...real cakes from a patisserie.

N-COUNT

2. patisserie
Patisserie is cakes and pastries.

- Blois is famous for patisserie.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

patois

[D.J.:ˈpætwɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈpætˌwɑ, pæˈtwɑ]

n.

方言,行话

plural

[D.J.:ˈpluərəl]

[K.K.:ˈplʊrəl]

n.

复数, 复数形式

adj.

复数的

不止一个

singular

[D.J.:ˈsiŋɡjulə]

[K.K.:ˈsɪŋɡjəlɚ]

adj.

〈语〉单数的

〈正〉突出的, 卓越的, 非凡的

n.

单数形式(的词)

singularity

[D.J.:ˌsɪŋgjəˈlærɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌsɪŋɡjəˈlærɪti]

n.

<正>异常,奇怪,奇特

奇点

singularly

[D.J.:ˈsɪ ŋ gjʊləlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈsɪ ŋɡjəlɚlɪ]

adv.

非常地,格外地

奇怪地,异常地

patois

1. patoissingular plural
A patois is a form of a language, especially French, that is spoken in a particular area of a country.

- In France patois was spoken in rural, less developed regions.

N-VAR patois is both the singular and the plural form.
= dialect

2. patoissingular plural
A patois is a language that has developed from a mixture of other languages.

- A substantial proportion of the population speak a French-based patois.

N-VAR patois is both the singular and the plural form.
= creole

plural *

1. plural
The plural form of a word is the form that is used when referring to more than one person or thing.

- `Data' is the Latin plural form of `datum'.

- ...his use of the plural pronoun `we'.

ADJ
≠ singular

2. plural plurals
The plural of a noun is the form of it that is used to refer to more than one person or thing.

- What is the plural of `person'?

- ...irregular plurals.

N-COUNT

3. plural
A plural society or system involves different kinds of people. (FORMAL)

- Britain is a plural society in which the secular predominates.

- His government has pledged to move the country towards a plural democracy.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

pr´ecis

pr´ecissingular plural
A pr´ecis is a short written or spoken account of something, which gives the important points but not the details. (FORMAL)

- A nine-page pr´ecis of the manuscript was sent to the Australian magazine New Idea.

N-COUNT: oft N of n The form pr´ecis is both the singular and the plural form.
= summary

singular *

1. singular
The singular form of a word is the form that is used when referring to one person or thing.

- ...the fifteen case endings of the singular form of the Finnish noun...

- The word `you' can be singular or plural.

ADJ
≠ plural

2. singular
The singular of a noun is the form of it that is used to refer to one person or thing.

- The inhabitants of the Arctic are known as the Inuit. The singular is Inuk.

N-SING: the N
≠ plural

3. singular
Singular means very great and remarkable. (FORMAL)

- ...a smile of singular sweetness...

- Barre was quickly drawn into the electoral arena, although with singular lack of success.

ADJ: ADJ n
= remarkable

4. singularly

- At the time, however, it seemed a singularly ill-judged enterprise for Truman to undertake.

- ...a former sales executive singularly unsuited for the job.

ADV: ADV adj/adv
= extremely remarkably

5. singular
If you describe someone or something as singular , you mean that they are strange or unusual. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Cardinal Meschia was without doubt a singular character.

- Where he got that singular notion I just can't think.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= peculiar

6. singularity

- ...his abrupt, turbulent style and the singularity of his appearance.

N-UNCOUNT
= peculiarity

pr´ecis

noun

1.

summary

abridgment

outline

r´esum´e

synopsis

verb

2.

summarize

abridge

outline

shorten

sum up

singular

adjective

1.

single

individual

separate

sole

2.

remarkable

eminent

exceptional

notable

noteworthy

outstanding

3.

unusual

curious

eccentric

extraordinary

odd

peculiar

queer

strange

singularly

adverb

remarkably

especially

exceptionally

notably

outstandingly

particularly

uncommonly

unusually

patriarch

[D.J.:ˈpeɪtri:ˌɑ:k]

[K.K.:ˈpetriˌɑrk]

n.

家长, 族长

主教

patriarch *

1. patriarch patriarchs
A patriarch is the male head of a family or tribe.

- The patriarch of the house, Mr Jawad, rules it with a ferocity renowned throughout the neighbourhood.

- Joseph Kennedy, the clan's patriarch, communicated with Bobby in a series of notes.

N-COUNT

2. patriarch
A patriarch is the head of one of a number of Eastern Christian Churches.

- ...the new head of the Russian Orthodox church, Patriarch Alexei the Second.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

patriarchal

[D.J.:ˌpeɪtri:ˈɑ:kəl]

[K.K.:ˌpetriˈɑrkəl]

adj.

由男人统治或控制的,家长统治下的

家长(似)的,族长(似)的,可尊敬的,威严的

patriarchal-feudal

adj.

宗法封建性的

patriarchal-feudal

adj.

宗法封建性的

patriarchal *

patriarchal
A patriarchal society, family, or system is one in which the men have all or most of the power and importance.

- To feminists she is a classic victim of the patriarchal society.

- I think marriage is used to uphold patriarchal control.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

patriarchy

[D.J.:ˈpeɪtri:ˌɑ:ki:]

[K.K.:ˈpetriˌɑrki]

n.

父权制

patriarchy *

1. patriarchy
Patriarchy is a system in which men have all or most of the power and importance in a society or group.

- The main cause of women's and children's oppression is patriarchy.

N-UNCOUNT

2. patriarchy patriarchies
A patriarchy is a patriarchal society.
N-COUNT

patrician

[D.J.:pəˈtrɪʃən]

[K.K.:pəˈtrɪʃən]

n.

(古罗马的)统治阶层成员

贵族,显贵

adj.

隶属于古罗马统治阶层的

贵族(似)的

patrician *

1. patrician patricians
A patrician is a person who comes from a family of high social rank. (FORMAL)

- ...the patrician banker Sir Charles Villiers.

N-COUNT
≠ plebeian

2. patrician
If you describe someone as patrician , you mean that they behave in a sophisticated way, and look as though they are from a high social rank.

- He was a lean, patrician gent in his early sixties.

- ...her crisp, patrician voice.

ADJ-GRADED
= refined

patrimony

[D.J.:ˈpætriməni]

[K.K.:ˈpætrəˌmoni]

n.

祖传的财物,〈喻〉继承物,遗产

patrimony

1. patrimony
Someone's patrimony is the possessions that they have inherited from their father or ancestors. (FORMAL)

- I left my parents' house, relinquished my estate and my patrimony.

N-SING

2. patrimony
A country's patrimony is its land, buildings, and works of art. (FORMAL)

- In the 1930's, The National Trust began its campaign to save Britain's patrimony of threatened country houses.

N-SING
= heritage

patriot

[D.J.:ˈpeitriət]

[K.K.:ˈpetriət, -ˌɑt]

n.

爱国者; 爱国主义者

patriot **

patriot patriots
Someone who is a patriot loves their country and feels very loyal towards it.

- They were staunch British patriots and had portraits of the Queen in their flat.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

patriot

noun

nationalist

chauvinist

loyalist

patriotic

[D.J.:ˌpætriˈɔtik]

[K.K.:ˌpetriˈɑtɪk]

adj.

爱国的, 有爱国心的

patriotic **

patriotic
Someone who is patriotic loves their country and feels very loyal towards it.

- Woosnam is fiercely patriotic.

- The crowd sang `Land of Hope and Glory' and other patriotic songs.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unpatriotic

patriotic

adjective

nationalistic

chauvinistic

jingoistic

loyal

patriotism

[D.J.:ˈpeɪtri:əˌtɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈpetriəˌtɪzəm]

n.

爱国主义;爱国心, 爱国精神

patriotism *

patriotism
Patriotism is love for your country and loyalty towards it.

- He was a country boy who had joined the army out of a sense of patriotism and adventure.

- We live in an age when patriotism is often sneered at.

N-UNCOUNT

patriotism

noun

nationalism

jingoism

patrol

[D.J.:pəˈtrəul]

[K.K.:pəˈtrol]

n.

巡逻; 巡查

巡逻队

vt. & vi.

巡逻

patrol **

1. patrol patrols patrolling patrolled
When soldiers, police, or guards patrol an area or building, they move around it in order to make sure that there is no trouble there.

- Prison officers continued to patrol the grounds within the jail.

VB

2. patrol patrols
Also a noun.

- He failed to return from a patrol.

N-COUNT

3. patrol
Soldiers, police, or guards who are on patrol are patrolling an area.

- The army is now on patrol in Srinagar and a curfew has been imposed.

- Security forces remained on patrol until late into the night.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

4. patrol patrols
A patrol is a group of soldiers or vehicles that are patrolling an area.

- Guerrillas attacked a patrol with hand grenades.

- ...a border patrol operating near the Burmese frontier.

N-COUNT

patrol

noun

1.

policing

guarding

protecting

vigilance

watching

2.

guard

patrolman

sentinel

watch

watchman

verb

3.

police

guard

inspect

keep guard

keep watch

safeguard

patrol car

patrol car patrol cars
A patrol car is a police car used for patrolling streets and roads.
N-COUNT
= squad car

patrolman

[D.J.:pəˈtrəulmən]

[K.K.:pəˈtrolmən]

n.

巡逻者(尤指警官)

patrolman

1. patrolman patrolmen
A patrolman is a policeman who patrols a particular area. (AM)

- In Petersburg, 30 patrolmen have died violently in the past five years.

N-COUNT

2. patrolman patrolmen
A patrolman is a person employed by a motoring organization to help members of the organization when their cars break down. (BRIT)

- Mal's car had broken down en route and the AA patrolman had taken an hour to arrive.

N-COUNT

patrol wagon

patrol wagon patrol wagons
A patrol wagon is a van or truck which the police use for transporting prisoners. (AM)
N-COUNT

patron

[D.J.:ˈpeitrən]

[K.K.:ˈpetrən]

n.

赞助人, 资助人

老主顾, 顾客

patron **

1. patron patrons
A patron is a person who supports and gives money to artists, writers, or musicians.

- Catherine the Great was a patron of the arts and sciences.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n
= sponsor

2. patron patrons
The patron of a charity, group, or campaign is an important person who allows his or her name to be used for publicity.

- Fiona and Alastair have become patrons of the National Missing Person's Helpline.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

3. patron patrons
The patrons of a place such as a pub, bar, or hotel are its customers. (FORMAL)

- He spent the night at the Savoy: like so many of its patrons, he could not resist the exclusively English cooking.

N-COUNT
= client

patron

noun

1.

supporter

backer

benefactor

champion

friend

helper

philanthropist

sponsor

2.

customer

buyer

client

frequenter

habitu´e

shopper

patronage

[D.J.:ˈpeɪtrənɪdʒ, ˈpætrə-]

[K.K.:ˈpetrənɪdʒ, ˈpætrə-]

n.

支持,赞助,资助

(顾客的)光顾,惠顾

恩赐的态度

patronage *

patronage
Patronage is the support and money given by someone to a person or a group such as a charity.

- ...government patronage of the arts in Europe...

- The Vevey Festival was founded 12 years ago under the patronage of Oona Chaplin.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss
= sponsorship

patronage

noun

1.

support

aid

assistance

backing

help

promotion

sponsorship

2.

custom

business

clientele

commerce

trade

trading

traffic

patroness

[D.J.:ˈpeitrənis,ˈpætrəni]

[K.K.:ˈpetrənɪs]

n.

女资助人,女赞助者,女主顾

patroness

patroness patronesses
A woman who is a patron of something can be described as a patroness .
N-COUNT: usu with supp
= sponsor

patronize

[D.J.:ˈpætrənaiz]

[K.K.:ˈpetrəˌnaɪz, ˈpætrə-]

vt.

以高人一等的态度对待

光顾, 惠顾

patronizing

[ˈpætrənaiziŋ]

adj.

俨然以恩人态度的,要人领情的

patronize *

1. patronize patronizes patronizing patronized
If someone patronizes you, they speak or behave towards you in a way which seems friendly, but which shows that they think they are superior to you in some way.

- Don't you patronize me!.

- Cornelia often felt patronised by her tutors.

VB (BRIT) also patronise disapproval

2. patronize patronizes patronizing patronized
Someone who patronizes artists, writers, or musicians supports them and gives them money. (FORMAL)

- The Japanese Imperial family patronises the Japanese Art Association.

VB (BRIT) also patronise
= sponsor

3. patronize patronizes patronizing patronized
If someone patronizes a place such as a pub, bar, or hotel, they are one of its customers. (FORMAL)

- The ladies of Berne liked to patronize the Palace for tea and little cakes.

VB (BRIT) also patronise
= frequent

patronizing *

1. patronizing
If someone is patronizing , they speak or behave towards you in a way that seems friendly, but which shows that they think they are superior to you.

- The tone of the interview was unnecessarily patronizing .

- ...his patronising attitude to the homeless.

ADJ-GRADED (BRIT) also patronising disapproval

2. patronizingly

- Schneider patted the girl patronizingly on the cheek.

ADV-GRADED
= condescending

patronize

verb

1.

talk down to

look down on

2.

be a customer or client of

do business with

frequent

shop at

3.

support

back

fund

help

maintain

promote

sponsor

patronizing

adjective

condescending

disdainful

gracious

haughty

snobbish

supercilious

superior

patron saint

patron saint patron saints
The patron saint of a place, an activity, or a group of people is a saint who is believed to give them special help and protection.

- Chiswick church is dedicated to St Nicholas, patron saint of sailors.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

patsy

[D.J.:ˈpætsi]

[K.K.:ˈpætsi]

n.

容易受骗的人,懦夫

patsy

patsy patsies
If you describe someone as a patsy , you mean that they are rather stupid and are easily tricked by other people, or can be made to take the blame for other people's actions. (AM, INFORMAL)

- Davis was nobody's patsy.

- He has long felt that Ray was set up, that he was a patsy.

N-COUNT disapproval
= mug

patter

[D.J.:ˈpætə]

[K.K.:ˈpætɚ]

vi.

发出急速轻的拍声;嗒嗒地跑

n.

嗒嗒声

喋喋叫卖,念念有词;顺口溜

行话,暗语

the patter of tiny feet

宝宝啪嗒的脚步声(借指有孩子)

patter song

节奏快的滑稽歌曲

patter *

1. patter patters pattering pattered
If something patters on a surface, it hits it quickly several times, making quiet, tapping sounds.

- Rain pattered gently outside, dripping on to the roof from the pines.

VB

2. patter
A patter is a series of quick, quiet, tapping sounds.

- ...the patter of the driving rain on the roof.

N-SING: oft the N of n

3. patter
Someone's patter is a series of things that they say quickly and easily, usually in order to entertain people or to persuade them to buy or do something.

- There's no doubt women found him charming. It must have been his patter because he's certainly not at all good-looking.

- Fran began her automatic patter about how Jon had been unavoidably detained.

N-SING: usu poss N
= spiel

patter

verb

1.

tap

beat

pat

pitter-patter

2.

walk lightly

scurry

scuttle

skip

trip

noun

3.

tapping

pattering

pitter-patter

patter

noun

1.

spiel informal

line

pitch

2.

chatter

gabble

jabber

nattering

prattle

3.

jargon

argot

cant

lingo informal

patois

slang

vernacular

verb

4.

chatter

jabber

prate

rattle on

spout informal

pattern

[D.J.:ˈpætən]

[K.K.:ˈpætən]

n.

型, 样式

花样, 图案

方式, 形式

榜样, 典范

vt.

模仿; 仿制

以图案装饰

pattern ****

1. pattern patterns
A pattern is the repeated or regular way in which something happens or is done.

- All three attacks followed the same pattern.

- A change in the pattern of his breathing became apparent.

N-COUNT: oft the N of n

2. pattern patterns
A pattern is an arrangement of lines or shapes, especially a design in which the same shape is repeated at regular intervals over a surface.

- ...a golden robe embroidered with red and purple thread stitched into a pattern of flames.

N-COUNT

3. pattern patterns
A pattern is a diagram or shape that you can use as a guide when you are making something such as a model or a piece of clothing.

- ...cutting out a pattern for trousers...

- Send for our free patterns to knit yourself.

- ...sewing patterns.

N-COUNT

pattern

noun

1.

design

arrangement

decoration

device

figure

motif

2.

order

method

plan

sequence

system

3.

plan

design

diagram

guide

original

stencil

template

verb

4.

model

copy

follow

form

imitate

mould

style

patterned

[D.J.:ˈpætənd]

[K.K.:ˈpætɚnd]

adj.

有图案的,组成图案的

patterned *

1. patterned
Something that is patterned is covered with a pattern or design.

- ...a plain carpet with a patterned border.

- ...bone china patterned with flowers.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n

2. patterned
If something new is patterned on something else that already exists, it is deliberately made so that it has similar features. (mainly AM)

- New York City announced a 10-point policy patterned on the federal bill of rights for taxpayers.

- He says this contract should not be patterned after the Deere pact.

V-PASSIVE
= is modelled

patterning

[D.J.:ˈpætəniŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpætənɪŋ]

n.

图案装饰,图案结构;图形;制定模式

patterning

1. patterning
Patterning is the forming of fixed ways of behaving or of doing things by constantly repeating something or copying other people. (FORMAL)

- ...social patterning.

- ...the patterning of behaviour.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. patterning
You can refer to lines, spots, or other patterns as patterning .

- ...geometric patterning.

- ...a jazzy patterning of lights.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

patty

[D.J.:ˈpæti]

[K.K.:ˈpæti]

n.

小馅饼

patty

1. patty patties
A patty is a small, round meat pie. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

2. patty patties
A patty is an amount of minced beef formed into a flat, round shape.

- ...the beef patties frying on the grill behind the counter.

N-COUNT

paucity

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:sɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈpɔsɪti]

n.

少量;缺乏;不足

paucity

paucity
If you say that there is a paucity of something, you mean that there is not enough of it. (FORMAL)

- Even the film's impressive finale can't hide the first hour's paucity of imagination.

- ...the paucity of good British women sprinters.

N-SING: N of n
= lack

paucity

noun Formal

scarcity

dearth

deficiency

lack

rarity

scantiness

shortage

sparseness

paunch

[D.J.:pɔ:ntʃ]

[K.K.:pɔntʃ, pɑntʃ]

n.

腹,瘤胃,大肚子

vt.

剖腹

paunch

paunch paunches
If a man has a paunch , he has a fat stomach.

- He finished his dessert and patted his paunch.

- His once lean figure was developing a paunch.

N-COUNT
= pot-belly

paunch

noun

belly

pot

potbelly

spare tyre Brit. slang

paunchy

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:ntʃi]

[K.K.:ˈpɔntʃi, ˈpɑn-]

adj.

大肚子的

paunchy

paunchy paunchier paunchiest
A man who is paunchy has a fat stomach.

- He was a heavy man, paunchy, with a lined, kind face.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= pot-bellied

pauper

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:pə]

[K.K.:ˈpɔpɚ]

n.

穷人,贫民,靠救济过活的人

pauperdom

n.

穷人,贫民

贫穷

pauperdism

n.

穷人,贫民

贫穷

pauperdom

[ˈpɔ:pədəm]

n.

有被救济的资格,贫困

pauper

pauper paupers
A pauper is a very poor person. (FORMAL)

- He did die a pauper and is buried in an unmarked grave.

N-COUNT

pauper

noun

down-and-out

bankrupt

beggar

mendicant

poor person

pause

[D.J.:pɔ:z]

[K.K.:pɔz]

n.

停顿, 暂停

vi.

停顿; 暂停

pause ***

1. pause pauses pausing paused
If you pause while you are doing something, you stop for a short period and then continue.

- `It's rather embarrassing,' he began, and paused.

- He had to pause to clear his throat.

- He worked steadily, and fast, pausing only to toss away clumps of grass roots.

- On leaving, she paused for a moment at the door.

- He talked for two hours without pausing for breath.

VB

2. pause pauses
A pause is a short period when you stop doing something before continuing.

- After a pause Alex said sharply: `I'm sorry if I've upset you'.

- There was a pause while the barmaid set down two plates in front of us.

N-COUNT

3. pause
If something gives you pause for thought , it makes you think carefully about something, especially in a different way than you have thought about it before.

- An opposition spokesman said he hoped the agreement would give them pause for thought about the futility of violence.

PHR: V inflects

pause

verb

1.

stop briefly

break

cease

delay

halt

have a breather informal

interrupt

rest

take a break

wait

noun

2.

stop

break

breather informal

cessation

gap

halt

interlude

intermission

interval

lull

respite

rest

stoppage

pave

[D.J.:peiv]

[K.K.:pev]

vt.

铺

为…铺平道路

paving

[D.J.:ˈpeiviŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpevɪŋ]

n.

块石面路

pave **

1. pave paves paving paved
If a road or an area of ground has been paved , it has been covered with flat blocks of stone or concrete, so that it is suitable for walking or driving on.

- The avenue had never been paved, and deep mud made it impassable in winter.

VB: usu passive

2. paved

- ...a small paved courtyard...

- The sidewalks were paved with brick and lined with trees.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n

3. pave
If one thing paves the way for another , it creates a situation in which it is possible or more likely that the other thing will happen. (JOURNALISM)

- ...a new proposal intended to pave the way for the signing of a chemical weapons reduction agreement...

- The discussions are aimed at paving the way for formal negotiations between the two countries.

PHR: V inflects

paving

paving
Paving is flat blocks of stone or concrete covering an area.

- In the centre of the paving stood a statue.

- ...concrete paving.

N-UNCOUNT: oft supp N

pave

verb

cover

concrete

floor

surface

tile

pavement

[D.J.:ˈpeɪvmənt]

[K.K.:ˈpevmənt]

n.

人行道

硬路面

铺过的路面

pavement **

1. pavement pavements
A pavement is a path with a hard surface, usually by the side of a road. (BRIT; in AM use sidewalk )

- He was hurrying along the pavement.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

2. pavement pavements
The pavement is the hard surface of a road. (AM)
N-COUNT

pavilion

[D.J.:pəˈvɪljən]

[K.K.:pəˈvɪljən]

n.

临时展出馆

pavilion *

1. pavilion pavilions
A pavilion is a building on the edge of a sports field where players can change their clothes and wash. (BRIT)

- ...the cricket pavilion.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

2. pavilion pavilions
A pavilion is a large temporary structure such as a tent, which is used at outdoor public events.

- ...heading across the beautiful green lawn towards the International Pavilion.

- ...the United States pavilion at the Expo '70 exhibition in Japan.

N-COUNT: oft supp N
= marquee

3. pavilion pavilions
A pavilion is an ornamental building in a garden or park.

- ...Humphrey Repton's design for a garden pavilion at Durham Park.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

paving stone

paving stone paving stones
Paving stones are flat pieces of stone or concrete, usually square in shape, that are put on the ground, for example to make a path. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

pavlova

[D.J.:pævˈləʊvə, pɑ:v-, ˈpævlə-, ˈpɑ:v-]

[K.K.:pævˈlovə, pɑv-, ˈpævlə-, ˈpɑv-]

n.

奶油水果蛋白饼

pavlova

pavlova pavlovas
A pavlova is a dessert which consists of a hard base made of egg whites and sugar with fruit and cream on top.
N-VAR

paw

[D.J.:pɔ:]

[K.K.:pɔ]

n.

爪子

手

vt.

用爪抓, 用蹄触

摸弄

paw at sb/sth

(动物)用爪子抓，用蹄刨

paw *

1. paw paws
The paws of an animal such as a cat, dog, or bear are its feet, which have claws for gripping things and soft pads for walking on.

- The kitten was black with white front paws and a white splotch on her chest.

- He removes a thorn from a lion's paw.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

2. paw paws
You can describe someone's hand as their paw , especially if it is very large or if they are very clumsy. (INFORMAL, mainly HUMOROUS)

- He shook Keaton's hand with his big paw.

N-COUNT: oft poss N, adj N

3. paw paws pawing pawed
If an animal paws something, it draws its foot over it or down it.

- Madigan's horse pawed the ground.

- The dogs continued to paw and claw frantically at the chain mesh.

VB

4. paw paws pawing pawed
If one person paws another, they touch or stroke them in a way that the other person finds offensive.

- Stop pawing me, Giles!.

- He pawed at my jacket with his free hand.

VB disapproval

paw

verb Informal

manhandle

grab

handle roughly

maul

molest

pawn

[D.J.:pɔ:n]

[K.K.:pɔn]

n.

(国际象棋中的)兵, 卒

被人利用的人;小卒

vt.

典当, 抵押

以(某事物)担保

pawn *

1. pawn pawns pawning pawned
If you pawn something that you own, you leave it with a pawnbroker, who gives you money for it and who can sell it if you do not pay back the money before a certain time.

- He is contemplating pawning his watch.

VB

2. pawn pawns
In chess, a pawn is the smallest and least valuable playing piece. Each player has eight pawns at the start of the game.
N-COUNT

3. pawn pawns
If you say that someone is using you as a pawn , you mean that they are using you for their own advantage.

- It looks as though he is being used as a political pawn by the President.

- They are the pawns in the power game played by their unseen captors.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N in n
= dupe

pawn

verb

hock informal chiefly U.S.

deposit

mortgage

pledge

pawn

noun

tool

cat's-paw

instrument

plaything

puppet

stooge slang

pawnbroker

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:nˌbrəʊkə]

[K.K.:ˈpɔnˌbrokɚ]

n.

当铺老板

pawnbroker

pawnbroker pawnbrokers
A pawnbroker is a person who lends people money. People give the pawnbroker something they own, which can be sold if they do not pay back the money before a certain time.
N-COUNT

pawn shop

pawn shop pawn shops
A pawn shop is a pawnbroker's shop.
N-COUNT also pawnshop .

pawpaw

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:pɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈpɔpɔ]

n.

木瓜,万寿果或其果实

pawpaw

pawpaw pawpaws
A pawpaw is a fruit with green skin, sweet yellow flesh, and black seeds and grows in hot countries such as the West Indies. (BRIT; in AM use papaya )
N-VAR also paw-paw .
= papaya

pay back *****

1. pay back pays back; paying back; paid back
If you pay back some money that you have borrowed or taken from someone, you give them an equal sum of money at a later time.

- He burst into tears, begging her to forgive him and swearing to pay back everything he had stolen.

- I'll pay you back that two quid tomorrow.

PHR-V

2. pay back pays back; paying back; paid back
If you pay someone back for doing something unpleasant to you, you take your revenge on them or make them suffer for what they did.

- Some day I'll pay you back for this!

PHR-V
= get someone back

pay back

verb

1.

repay

refund

reimburse

settle up

square

2.

get even with informal

get one's own back

hit back

retaliate

pay off *****

1. pay off pays off; paying off; paid off
If you pay off a debt, you give someone all the money that you owe them.

- It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.

PHR-V

2. pay off pays off; paying off; paid off
If you pay off someone, you give them the amount of money that you owe them or that they are asking for, so that they will not take action against you or cause you any trouble.

- ...his bid to raise funds to pay off his creditors...

- In societies where corruption is endemic, decision-making is slowed as more politicians and officials have to be paid off.

PHR-V

3. pay off pays off; paying off; paid off
If an action pays off , it is successful or profitable after a period of time.

- Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off.

PHR-V

pay off

verb

1.

settle

clear

discharge

pay in full

square

2.

succeed

be effective

work

pay out *****

1. pay out pays out; paying out; paid out
If you pay out money, usually a large amount, you spend it on something.

- ...football clubs who pay out millions of pounds for players.

PHR-V

2. pay out pays out; paying out; paid out
When an insurance policy pays out , the person who has the policy receives the money that they are entitled to receive.

- Many policies pay out only after a period of weeks or months.

PHR-V

pay out

verb

spend

disburse

expend

fork out or over or up slang

shell out informal

pay up *****

pay up pays up; paying up; paid up
If you pay up , you give someone the money that you owe them or that they are entitled to, even though you would prefer not to give it.

- We claimed a refund from the association, but they would not pay up.

PHR-V

payable

[D.J.:ˈpeɪəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈpeəbəl]

adj.

应付的,可付的

payably

adv.

可获利地

payably

可获利地

payable *

1. payable
If an amount of money is payable , it has to be paid or it can be paid.

- Purchase tax was not payable on goods for export.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ on/to n

2. payable
If a cheque or postal order is made payable to you, it has your name written on it to indicate that you are the person who will receive the money.

- Write, enclosing a cheque made payable to Cobuild Limited.

ADJ: v n ADJ, n ADJ, ADJ to n

payable

adjective

due

outstanding

owed

owing

pay-as-you-go

费用发生拨款制

pay-as-you-go

pay-as-you-go
Pay-as-you-go is a system in which a person or organization pays for the costs of something when they occur rather than before or afterwards.

- Pensions are paid by the state on a pay-as-you-go basis.

ADJ also pay as you go

payback

投资回收率

payback

1. payback paybacks
You can use payback to refer to the profit or benefit that you obtain from something that you have spent money, time, or effort on. (mainly AM)

- There is a substantial payback in terms of employee and union relations.

- They are prepared to wait longer for a pay-back from investment rather than concentrate on short-term profits.

N-COUNT: usu sing also pay-back .

2. payback
The payback period of a loan is the time in which you are required or allowed to pay it back.
ADJ: ADJ n also pay-back .

3. payback
Payback time is when someone has to take the consequences of what they have done in the past. You can use this expression to talk about good or bad consequences.

- This was payback time. I've proved once and for all I can become champion.

- They have done absolutely nothing to develop young players and this summer will be the payback time.

PHR: v-link PHR also pay-back .

pay cheque

pay cheque pay cheques
Your pay cheque is a piece of paper that your employer gives you as your wages or salary, and which you can then cash at a bank. You can also use pay cheque as a way of referring to your wages or salary.

- They've worked for about two weeks without a paycheck.

N-COUNT: oft poss N (AM) paycheck

pay day

1. pay day
Pay day is the day of the week or month on which you receive your wages or salary.

- Until next payday, I was literally without any money.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl also payday .

2. pay day pay days
If a sports player has a big pay day , he or she earns a lot of money from winning or taking part in a game or contest. (JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT: oft adj N also payday .

paydirt

paydirt
If you say that someone has struck paydirt or has hit paydirt , you mean that they have achieved sudden success or gained a lot of money very quickly. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- Movies have not seen such a fixation with the same story since Howard Hawks hit paydirt with `Rio Bravo'.

PHR: V inflects also pay dirt .

PAYE

abbr.

Pay As You Enter 开车入内付费

Pay As You Earn <英>(所得税的)发薪时扣除制

PAYE

abbr.

Pay As You Enter 开车入内付费

Pay As You Earn 〈英〉(所得税的)发薪时扣除制

PAYE

PAYE
In Britain, PAYE is a system of paying income tax in which your employer pays your tax directly to the government, and then takes this amount from your salary or wages. PAYE is an abbreviation for `pay as you earn'.
N-UNCOUNT

payee

[D.J.:peɪˈi:]

[K.K.:peˈi]

n.

收款人

payee

payee payees
The payee of a cheque or similar document is the person who should receive the money. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu sing
≠ payer

pay envelope

pay envelope pay envelopes
Your pay envelope is the envelope containing your wages, which your employer gives you at the end of every week. (AM; in BRIT use pay packet )
N-COUNT: oft poss N

payer

[D.J.:ˈpeɪə]

[K.K.:ˈpeɚ]

n.

付款人,交款人

payer *

1. payer payers
You can refer to someone as a payer if they pay a particular kind of bill or fee. For example, a mortgage payer is someone who pays a mortgage.

- Lower interest rates pleased millions of mortgage payers.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft n N
≠ payee

See also ratepayer , taxpayer .

2. payer payers
A good payer pays you quickly or pays you a lot of money. A bad payer takes a long time to pay you, or does not pay you very much.

- Small businesses, hit hard by the recession, blame the government, banks and late payers.

N-COUNT: adj N

paying guest

paying guest paying guests
A paying guest is a person who pays to stay with someone in their home, usually for a short time.

- At that time my mother took in paying guests.

N-COUNT

payload

[D.J.:ˈpeiˌləud]

[K.K.:ˈpeˌlod]

n.

有效载荷

payload

1. payload payloads
The payload of an aircraft or spacecraft is the amount or weight of things or people that it is carrying. (TECHNICAL)

- With these very large passenger payloads one question looms above all others -- safety.

N-VAR
= cargo

2. payload payloads
The payload of a missile or similar weapon is the quantity of explosives it contains. (MILITARY)

- ...a hypervelocity gun capable of delivering substantial payloads to extreme ranges.

N-VAR

paymaster

[D.J.:ˈpeiˌmɑ:stə]

[K.K.:ˈpeˌmæstɚ]

n.

发薪人员,工薪出纳员

paymaster

1. paymaster paymasters
A paymaster is a person or organization that pays and therefore controls another person or organization.

- ...the ruling party's paymasters in business and banking...

- Germany is the European Community's biggest country, its most powerful economy and the paymaster of its budget.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

2. paymaster paymasters
A paymaster is an official in the armed forces who is responsible for the payment of wages and salaries. (MILITARY)
N-COUNT

payment

[D.J.:ˈpeimənt]

[K.K.:ˈpemənt]

n.

支付, 付款, 缴纳, 报酬

付出的[要付出的]款项

报答, 报偿

payment ****

1. payment payments
A payment is an amount of money that is paid to someone, or the act of paying this money.

- Thousands of its customers are in arrears with loans and mortgage payments.

- The fund will make payments of just over £1 billion next year.

N-COUNT: oft n N, N to/of/on n

2. payment
Payment is the act of paying money to someone or of being paid.

- He had sought to obtain payment of a sum which he had claimed was owed to him.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of/for n

payment

noun

1.

paying

discharge

remittance

settlement

2.

remittance

advance

deposit

instalment

premium

3.

wage

fee

hire

remuneration

reward

payment card

payment card payment cards
A payment card is a plastic card which you use like a credit card in order to pay for things, but which takes the money directly from your bank account.
N-COUNT
= debit card

payoff

[D.J.:ˈpeɪˌɔ:f, -ˌɔf]

[K.K.:ˈpeˌɔf, -ˌɑf]

n.

结果, 报偿

payoff *

1. payoff payoffs
The payoff from an action is the advantage or benefit that you get from it.

- If such materials became generally available to the optics industry the payoffs from such a breakthrough would be enormous.

- You're doing what you really love to do, which is making music -- that's the payoff.

N-COUNT: oft N from n also pay-off .

2. payoff payoffs
A payoff is a payment which is made to someone, often secretly or illegally, so that they will not cause trouble.

- Soldiers in both countries supplement their incomes with payoffs from drugs exporters.

N-COUNT: oft N from n also pay-off .

3. payoff payoffs
A payoff is a large payment made to someone by their employer when the person has been forced to leave their job.

- The ousted chairman received a £1.5 million payoff from the loss-making oil company.

N-COUNT also pay-off .

payola

[D.J.:peiˈəulə]

[K.K.:peˈolə]

n.

贿赂

payola

payola
Payola is the illegal practice of paying radio broadcasters to play certain records, so that the records will become more popular and therefore make more profits for the record company. (AM)
N-UNCOUNT

payout

[D.J.:ˈpeiaut]

[K.K.:ˈpeˌaʊt]

n.

支出

payout *

payout payouts
A payout is a sum of money, especially a large one, that is paid to someone, for example by an insurance company or as a prize.

- And there's time to win more, with a £10,000 payout still to play for over the next few days.

- ...long delays in receiving insurance payouts.

N-COUNT also pay-out .

pay packet

1. pay packet pay packets
Your pay packet is the envelope containing your wages, which your employer gives you at the end of every week. (BRIT; in AM use pay envelope )
N-COUNT: oft poss N

2. pay packet pay packets
You can refer to someone's wages or salary as their pay packet . (BRIT; in AM use paycheck or pay )
N-COUNT: oft poss N

pay-per-view

[D.J.:ˈpeɪpəˌvju:]

[K.K.:ˈpepɚˌvju]

按次计费的

pay-per-view

pay-per-view
Pay-per-view is a cable or satellite television system in which you have to pay a fee if you want to watch a particular programme.

- The match appeared on pay-per-view television.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

payphone

公用电话

payphone

payphone payphones
A payphone is a telephone which you need to put coins or a card in before you can make a call. Payphones are usually in public places.
N-COUNT also pay phone .

payroll

[D.J.:ˈpeirəul]

[K.K.:ˈpeˌrol]

n.

(公司员工的)工资名单

(公司的)工资总支出; 工薪总额

payroll *

payroll payrolls
The people on the payroll of a company or an organization are the people who work for it and are paid by it.

- They had 87,000 employees on the payroll.

N-COUNT: oft on N

payslip

[ˈpeislip]

n.

工资单

payslip

payslip payslips
A payslip is a piece of paper given to an employee at the end of each week or month, which states how much money he or she has earned and how much has been taken from that sum for things such as tax and national insurance. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also pay slip .

PC

abbr.

Personal Computer 个人计算机,个人电脑

Patrol Car 巡逻车

PC

n. abbr.

Personal Computer 个人计算机，个人电脑

Patrol Car 巡逻车

PC **

1. PC PCs
In Britain, a PC is a male police officer of the lowest rank. PC is an abbreviation for `police constable'.

- The PCs took her to the local station.

- PC Keith Gate helped arrest the men.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

2. PC PCs
A PC is a computer that is used by one person at a time in a business, a school, or at home. PC is an abbreviation for `personal computer'.

- The price of a PC has fallen by an average of 25% a year since 1982.

- Drawing offices may use PCs for computer-aided design.

N-COUNT

3. PC
If you say that someone is PC , you mean that they are extremely careful not to offend or upset any group of people in society who have a disadvantage. PC is an abbreviation for `politically correct'.
ADJ-GRADED

pcm

abbr.

percentage of moisture 含水率,湿度百分数

pcm

abbr.

percentage of moisture 含水率,湿度百分数

pcm

pcm
pcm is used in advertisements for housing, when indicating how much the rent will be. pcm is a written abbreviation for `per calendar month'. (BRIT)

pd

abbr.

per day 每日

pd

abbr.

per day 每日

pd.

abbr.

paid 已付的,支出

pd.

abbr.

paid 已付的,支出

pd

pd
pd is a written abbreviation for paid . It is written on a bill to indicate that it has been paid.

PE

abbr.

=Prince Edward Island 爱德华太子岛

=price-earnings 股票收益率

=physical education 体育

=polyethylene 聚乙烯

PE *

PE
In schools, PE is a lesson in which pupils do physical exercises or sport. PE is an abbreviation for `physical education'.
N-UNCOUNT

pea

[pi:]

n.

豌豆

pea **

pea peas
Peas are round green seeds which grow in long thin cases and are eaten as a vegetable.
N-COUNT: usu pl

peace

[D.J.:pi:s]

[K.K.:pis]

n.

和平, 和平时期

治安, 社会安定

安心; 平静

peace *****

1. peace
If countries or groups involved in a war or violent conflict are discussing peace , they are talking to each other in order to try to end the conflict.

- The agreement was reached during peace talks sponsored by the European Community.

- Leaders of some rival factions signed a peace agreement last week.

- They hope the treaty will bring peace and stability to Southeast Asia.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

2. peace
If there is peace in a country or in the world, there are no wars or violent conflicts going on.

- The President spoke of a shared commitment to world peace and economic development.

- ...the Nobel Peace Prize.

N-UNCOUNT: oft at N
≠ war

3. peace
If you disapprove of weapons, especially nuclear weapons, you can use peace to refer to campaigns and other activities intended to reduce their numbers or stop their use.

- ...two peace campaigners accused of causing damage to an F1-11 nuclear bomber...

- He campaigned for peace and against the spread of nuclear weapons.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

4. peace
If you have peace , you are not being disturbed, and you are in calm, quiet surroundings.

- All I want is to have some peace and quiet and spend a couple of nice days with my grandchildren.

- One more question and I'll leave you in peace.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N

5. peace
If you have a feeling of peace , you feel contented and calm and not at all worried. You can also say that you are at peace .

- I had a wonderful feeling of peace and serenity when I saw my husband.

- The peace of the Lord be always with you.

- I know you will never be at peace until you have discovered where your brother is.

N-UNCOUNT: oft at N

6. peace
If there is peace among a group of people, they live or work together in a friendly way and do not quarrel. You can also say that people live or work in peace with each other.

- ...a period of relative peace in the country's industrial relations...

- If you can't live in peace with your little brother then get out of the house.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N
= harmony

7. peace
The Peace of a particular place is a treaty or an agreement that was signed there, bringing an end to a war. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- The Peace of Ryswick was signed in September 1697.

N-IN-NAMES: the N of n

8. peace
If you hold or keep your peace , you do not speak, even though there is something you want or ought to say. (FORMAL)

- ...people who knew about this evil man but held their peace...

- I felt it politic to keep my peace and play the part of the attentive listener.

PHR: V inflects
= keep quiet

9. peace
If someone in authority, such as the army or the police, keeps the peace , they make sure that people behave and do not fight or quarrel with each other.

- ...the first UN contingent assigned to help keep the peace in Cambodia...

- How did your mother succeed in keeping the peace between these two very different men?

PHR: V inflects

10. peace
If the law requires you to keep the peace , you must behave well and not cause any trouble in public. (LEGAL)

- The demonstrators were bound over to keep the peace.

PHR

11. peace
If you make peace with someone or make your peace with them, you put an end to your quarrel with them, often by apologizing.

- The President ought to seize this opportunity to make his peace with political parties and negotiate a speedy return to democracy.

- All of a sudden she seemed to want to make peace and patch up our quarrel.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, PHR with n, pl-n PHR

12. peace
If something gives you peace of mind , it stops you from worrying about a particular problem or difficulty.

- The main appeal these bonds hold for individual investors is the safety and peace of mind they offer.

- He began to insist upon a bullet-proof limousine, just for peace of mind.

PHR: PHR after v, for PHR

13. peace
If you express the wish that a dead person may rest in peace , you are showing respect and sympathy for him or her. ` Rest in peace ' is also sometimes written on gravestones. (FORMAL)
PHR: usu PHR after modal

14. peace
If you are at peace with yourself or at peace with the world , you feel calm and contented, and you have no emotional conflicts within yourself or with other people.

- Once I knew I was forgiven I could be at peace with myself at last.

- They make you relax. They make you feel at peace with the world.

PHR: usu v-link PHR n

peace

noun

1.

stillness

calm

calmness

hush

quiet

repose

rest

silence

tranquillity

2.

serenity

calm

composure

contentment

repose

3.

harmony

accord

agreement

concord

4.

truce

armistice

treaty

peaceable

[D.J.:ˈpi:səbəl]

[K.K.:ˈpisəbəl]

adj.

和平的;息事宁人的

peaceableness

n.

和平

peaceably

adv.

息事宁人地

peaceably

adv.

和平地,温和地

peaceable

peaceable
Someone who is peaceable tries to avoid quarrelling or fighting with other people. (WRITTEN)

- ...an attempt by ruthless people to impose their will on a peaceable majority...

- John was always so extraordinarily peaceable, one who invariably saw an opponent's point of view.

ADJ-GRADED

peaceable

adjective

peace-loving

conciliatory

friendly

gentle

mild

peaceful

unwarlike

peaceably

peaceably
If you do something peaceably , you do it quietly or peacefully, without violence or anger. (WRITTEN)

- The rival guerrilla groups had agreed to stop fighting and settle their differences peaceably.

- `OK, whatever you say,' he had agreed peaceably.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
≠ violently

Peace Corps *

Peace Corps
The Peace Corps is an American organization that sends young people to help with projects in developing countries. The British equivalent is VSO .
N-PROPER: the N also peace corps .

peace dividend

peace dividend peace dividends
The peace dividend is the economic benefit that was expected in the world after the end of the Cold War, as a result of money previously spent on defence and arms becoming available for other purposes.

- The peace dividend has not materialised despite military spending going down in most countries.

N-COUNT: usu sing

peaceful

[D.J.:ˈpi:sful]

[K.K.:ˈpisfəl]

adj.

和平的, 没有战争的

爱好[寻求]和平的

安静的, 平静的

peacefully

[D.J.:ˈpi:sfʊlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpisfʊlɪ]

adv.

平静地;和平地

peaceful ***

1. peaceful
Peaceful activities and situations do not involve war.

- He has attempted to find a peaceful solution to the Ossetian conflict.

- They emphasised that their equipment was for peaceful and not military purposes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ violent

2. peacefully

- The US military expects the matter to be resolved peacefully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. peaceful
Peaceful occasions happen without violence or serious disorder.

- The farmers staged a noisy but peaceful protest outside the headquarters of the organization.

- Despite the violence that preceded the elections, reports say that polling was orderly and peaceful.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ violent

4. peacefully

- Ten thousand people are reported to have taken part in the protest which passed off peacefully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. peaceful
Peaceful people are not violent and try to avoid quarrelling or fighting with other people.

- ...warriors who killed or enslaved the peaceful farmers.

ADJ-GRADED

6. peacefully

- They've been living and working peacefully with members of various ethnic groups.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

7. peaceful
A peaceful place or time is quiet, calm, and free from disturbance.

- ...a peaceful Georgian house in the heart of Dorset...

- Mornings are usually quiet and peaceful in Hueytown.

ADJ-GRADED

8. peacefully

- Except for traffic noise the night passed peacefully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

9. peaceful
Someone who feels or looks peaceful feels or looks calm and free from worry.

- I feel relaxed and peaceful.

- The animals look peaceful and happy.

ADJ-GRADED
= worried anxious

10. peacefully

- Would she wake to find Gaston sleeping peacefully at her side?

ADV-GRADED

peacefully *

peacefully
If you say that someone died peacefully , you mean that they suffered no pain or violence when they died.

- He died peacefully on 10th December after a short illness.

ADV: ADV after v

peaceful

adjective

1.

at peace

amicable

friendly

harmonious

nonviolent

2.

calm

placid

quiet

restful

serene

still

tranquil

undisturbed

3.

peace-loving

conciliatory

peaceable

unwarlike

peacekeeper

[D.J.:ˈpi:ski:pə]

[K.K.:ˈpisˌkipɚ]

n.

维和士兵

peacekeeper *

1. peacekeeper peacekeepers
Peacekeepers are soldiers who are members of a peacekeeping force.

- There's been much fear that the United Nations peacekeepers would be under attack in a situation like that.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft supp N also peace-keeper .

2. peacekeeper peacekeepers
If you describe a country or an organization as a peacekeeper , you mean that it often uses its influence or armed forces to try to prevent wars or violent conflicts in the world.

- They want the United Nations to play a bigger role as the world's peacekeeper.

- Russia's record as a peace-keeper is mixed.

N-COUNT: usu sing also peace-keeper .

peacekeeping

[D.J.:ˈpi:sˌki:piŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpisˌkipɪŋ]

adj.

维护和平的;执行(或监督)停火协定的

peacekeeping **

peacekeeping
A peacekeeping force is a group of soldiers that is sent to a country where there is war or fighting, in order to try to prevent more violence. Peacekeeping forces are usually made up of troops from several different countries.

- ...the possibilities of a UN peacekeeping force monitoring the ceasefire in the country.

- ...Nigerian warplanes involved in peace-keeping operations in Liberia.

- ...Marrack Goulding, the UN's undersecretary-general in charge of peacekeeping.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n also peace-keeping .

peace-loving

adj.

爱好和平的

peace-loving

peace-loving
If you describe someone as peace-loving , you mean that they try to avoid quarrelling or fighting with other people.

- By and large, these people are peace-loving, law-abiding citizens.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

peacemaker

[D.J.:ˈpi:sˌmeɪkə]

[K.K.:ˈpisˌmekɚ]

n.

调解人;调停人

peacemaker

peacemaker peacemakers
You can describe an organization, a country or a person as a peacemaker when they try to persuade countries or people to stop fighting or quarrelling.

- ...the Labour government's vision of acting as a peacemaker and mediator...

- Daniel tried to act as peacemaker.

N-COUNT also peace-maker , peace maker .

peacemaker

noun

mediator

arbitrator

conciliator

pacifier

peacemaking

[ˈpi:sˌmeikiŋ]

n.

调解,调停

peacemaking

peacemaking
Peacemaking efforts are attempts to persuade countries or groups to stop fighting with each other.

- ...the failure of international peacemaking efforts...

- The United States is more than ever the prime mover in Middle East peace-making.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n also peace-making .

peacenik

[D.J.:ˈpi:snik]

[K.K.:ˈpisnɪk]

n.

〈美俚〉〈贬〉参加反战示威的人,反战分子

peacenik

peacenik peaceniks
If you describe someone as a peacenik , you mean that they are strongly opposed to war. (INFORMAL)

- His campaign attracted the support of feminists, peaceniks and ecologists.

N-COUNT

peace offering

peace offering peace offerings
You can use peace offering to refer to something that you give someone to show that you want to end the quarrel between you.

- `A peace offering,' Roberts said as he handed the box of cigars to Cohen.

N-COUNT: usu sing

peace process

peace process peace processes
A peace process consists of all the meetings, agreements, and negotiations in which people such as politicians are involved when they are trying to arrange peace between countries or groups that are fighting with each other.
N-COUNT: usu sing, oft the N

peacetime

[D.J.:ˈpi:sˌtaɪm]

[K.K.:ˈpisˌtaɪm]

n.

和平时期

peacetime *

peacetime
Peacetime is a period of time during which a country is not at war.

- The British could afford to reduce defence spending in peacetime without excessive risk.

- He served during peace-time as an intelligence officer in the Navy.

- ...one of the greatest peacetime Prime Ministers of this country.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N also peace-time .

peach

[D.J.:pi:tʃ]

[K.K.:pitʃ]

n.

桃

桃树

〈口〉美人

〈口〉(同类事物中)极好的[极吸引人的]事物

peach **

1. peach peaches
A peach is a soft, round, slightly furry fruit with sweet yellow flesh and pinky-orange skin. Peaches grow in warm countries.
N-COUNT: oft N n

2. peach peaches
Something that is peach is pale pinky-orange in colour.

- ...the romantic Tower Suite, decorated throughout in peach and ivory.

- ...a peach silk blouse.

COLOUR

3. peach
If you describe someone or something as a peach , you find them very pleasing or attractive. (INFORMAL)

- Frank was there and he is a perfect peach.

- ...a peach of a goal from Beardsley.

N-SING: oft a N of n approval

peaches and cream

peaches and cream
If you say that a woman or a girl has a peaches and cream complexion , you mean that she has very clear, smooth, pale skin.

- ...pretty young things with peaches-and-cream complexions.

ADJ: usu ADJ n approval

peachy

[D.J.:ˈpi:tʃi]

[K.K.:ˈpitʃi]

adj.

桃色的

peachy

1. peachy
If you describe something as peachy , you mean that it tastes or smells like a peach or is similar in colour to a peach.

- ...a rich, peachy dessert wine.

- ...peachy pink.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n, ADJ colour

2. peachy
If you say that something is peachy or peachy keen , you mean that it is very nice. (AM, INFORMAL)

- Everything in her life is just peachy.

ADJ-GRADED

peacock

[D.J.:ˈpi:ˌkɔk]

[K.K.:ˈpiˌkɑk]

n.

(雄)孔雀

peacock *

1. peacock peacocks
A peacock is a large bird. The male has a very large tail covered with blue and green spots, which it can spread out like a fan.

- ...peacocks strutting slowly across the garden.

- ...peacock feathers.

N-COUNT

2. peacock peacocks
If you describe someone, especially a man, as a peacock , you mean that they are arrogant or like dressing or behaving in a way that draws attention to themselves.

- He was a born peacock.

- He introduced himself as `the leader' and strutted up and down like a peacock.

N-COUNT disapproval

peacock blue

peacock blue
Something that is peacock blue is a deep, bright, greeny-blue in colour.

- ...Lady Henrietta's peacock blue, silk cocktail frock.

COLOUR

peak

[D.J.:pi:k]

[K.K.:pik]

n.

山峰, 山顶; 有尖峰的高山

尖端

最高点, 最高水平; 高峰

vi.

达到高峰, 达到最大值

peaked

[D.J.:pikt]

[K.K.:pikt, ˈpikɪd]

adj.

尖的

peaking

[ˈpi:kiŋ]

n.

剧烈增加

peak ***

1. peak peaks
The peak of a process or an activity is the point at which it is at its strongest, most successful, or most fully developed.

- The party's membership has fallen from a peak of fifty-thousand after the Second World War.

- The bomb went off in a concrete dustbin at the peak of the morning rush hour.

- ...a flourishing career that was at its peak at the time of his death...

- Economies have peaks and troughs.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp
= height

2. peak peaks peaking peaked
When something peaks , it reaches its highest value or its highest level.

- Temperatures have peaked at over thirty degrees Celsius.

- The crisis peaked in July 1974.

- His career peaked during the 1970's.

VB

3. peak
The peak level or value of something is its highest level or value.

- Calls cost 36p (cheap rate) and 48p (peak rate) per minute.

- We bought it at the wrong time and paid the peak price.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. peak
Peak times are the times when there is most demand for something or most use of something.

- It's always crowded at peak times.

- During peak periods, reservations are difficult to make at some of the hotels.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ off-peak

See also peak time .

5. peak peaks
A peak is a mountain or the top of a mountain.

- ...the snow-covered peaks.

N-COUNT

6. peak peaks
The peak of a cap is the part at the front that sticks out above your eyes.

- The man touched the peak of his cap.

N-COUNT

peaked

peaked
A peaked cap has a pointed or rounded part that sticks out above your eyes.

- ...a man in a blue-grey uniform and peaked cap.

ADJ: ADJ n

peak

noun

1.

point

apex

brow

crest

pinnacle

summit

tip

top

2.

high point

acme

climax

crown

culmination

zenith

verb

3.

culminate

climax

come to a head

peak time

peak time
Programmes which are broadcast at peak time are broadcast when the greatest number of people are watching television or listening to the radio. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use prime time )

- The news programme goes out four times a week at peak time.

- ...peak-time television drama.

N-UNCOUNT: oft at / in N, N n

peal

[D.J.:pi:l]

[K.K.:pil]

n.

(声音大而持续或重复的)洪亮的响声;隆隆声

洪亮的钟声

钟乐

(奏钟乐的)编钟

vt. & vi.

(使)(钟等)鸣响;(雷等)发出隆隆声

peal

1. peal peals pealing pealed
When bells peal , they ring one after another, making a musical sound.

- Church bells pealed at the stroke of midnight.

VB

2. peal peals
Also a noun.

- ...the great peal of the Abbey bells.

N-COUNT

3. peal peals
A peal of laughter or thunder consists of a long, loud series of sounds.

- I heard a peal of merry laughter.

- ...great peals of thunder.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

peal

noun

1.

ring

blast

chime

clang

clap

crash

reverberation

roar

rumble

verb

2.

ring

chime

crash

resound

roar

rumble

peanut

[D.J.:ˈpi:nʌt]

[K.K.:ˈpiˌnʌt]

n.

花生; 落花生

peanuts

[D.J.:ˈpi:nʌts]

[K.K.:ˈpiˌnʌts]

n.

〈非正〉微不足道的一小笔钱

peanut *

1. peanut peanuts
Peanuts are small nuts that grow under the ground. Peanuts are often eaten as a snack, especially roasted and salted.

- ...a packet of peanuts...

- Add 2 tablespoons of peanut oil.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N n

2. peanut peanuts
If you say that a sum of money is peanuts , you mean that it is very small. (INFORMAL)

- The cost was peanuts compared to a new kitchen.

- The jobs they offer pay peanuts.

N-PLURAL disapproval

peanut butter *

peanut butter
Peanut butter is a brown paste made out of crushed peanuts which you can spread on bread and eat.
N-UNCOUNT

pear

[D.J.:pɛə]

[K.K.:pɛr]

n.

梨(树)

pear *

pear pears
A pear is a sweet, juicy fruit which is narrow near its stalk, and wider and rounded at the bottom. Pears have white flesh and thin green or yellow skin.
N-COUNT

pearl

[D.J.:pə:l]

[K.K.:pɚl]

n.

珍珠

珠状物

珍品

pearl **

1. pearl pearls
A pearl is a hard round object which is shiny and creamy white in colour. Pearls grow inside the shell of an oyster and are used for making expensive jewellery.

- She wore a string of pearls at her throat.

- I put on the pearl earrings Daddy had bought me.

N-COUNT
See also mother-of-pearl .

2. pearl
Pearl is used to describe something which looks like a pearl.

- ...tiny pearl buttons.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. pearl
If you say that someone is casting pearls before swine , you mean that they are wasting their time by offering something that is helpful or valuable to someone who does not appreciate or understand it.

- You do not value what should be valued, I see I was casting pearls before swine.

PHR: V inflects

4. pearl
People describe what someone says as pearls of wisdom to suggest that it is wise or helpful, often when they are joking.

- And what is that pearl of wisdom supposed to mean?.

- Her advice includes perfectly true but rather fulsome pearls of wisdom.

PHR: N inflects

pearly

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:li:]

[K.K.:ˈpə..li]

adj.

珍珠似的;用珍珠装饰的

pearliness

n.

pearly

1. pearly
Something that is pearly is pale and shines softly, like a pearl.

- ...the pearly light of early morning.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. pearly
Also a combining form.

- ...pearly pink lipstick...

- Her skin was pearly white.

COMB in COLOUR

pear-shaped

adj.

①梨子形的②圆润的

pear-shaped

1. pear-shaped
Something that is pear-shaped has a shape like a pear.

- ...her pear-shaped diamond earrings.

ADJ

2. pear-shaped
If someone, especially a woman, is pear-shaped , they are wider around their hips than around the top half of their body.
ADJ

3. pear-shaped
If a situation goes pear-shaped , bad things start happening.

- Things start to go pear-shaped when Shree's dad shoots a business associate in the middle of a drug deal.

PHR: V inflects

peasant

[D.J.:ˈpezənt]

[K.K.:ˈpɛzənt]

n.

农民, 农夫

peasant **

peasant peasants
A peasant is a poor person of low social status who works on the land; used of people who live in countries where farming is still a common way of life.

- ...the peasants in the Peruvian highlands...

- Chinese peasants farm their own plots.

N-COUNT: oft supp N, N n

peasant

noun

rustic

countryman

peasantry

[D.J.:ˈpezəntri:]

[K.K.:ˈpɛzəntri]

n.

(总称)农民

peasantry *

peasantry
You can refer to all the peasants in a particular country as the peasantry .

- The Russian peasantry stood on the brink of disappearance.

N-SING-COLL: also no det, usu the N

peat

[D.J.:pi:t]

[K.K.:pit]

n.

泥煤; 泥炭

peat *

peat
Peat is decaying plant material which is found under the ground in some cool, wet regions. Peat can be added to soil to help plants grow, or can be burnt on fires instead of coal.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

peaty

[ˈpi:ti]

adj.

泥煤似的,多泥煤的

peaty

peaty
Peaty soil or land contains a large quantity of peat.
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

pebble

[D.J.:ˈpebl]

[K.K.:ˈpɛbəl]

n.

卵石, 小圆石

pebble *

pebble pebbles
A pebble is a small, smooth, round stone which is found on beaches and at the bottom of rivers.
N-COUNT

pebbly

[ˈpebli]

adj.

多卵石的,有卵石花纹的

pebbly

pebbly
A pebbly beach is covered in pebbles.

- ...the lake's pebbly shore.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

pec

[D.J.:pek]

[K.K.:pɛk]

n.

〈美口〉膺

pecs

[peks]

n.

〈口〉(尤指健美运动员或举重运动员的)胸肌

pec

pec pecs
Your pecs are the main muscles in your chest. (INFORMAL)

- Initially, I wanted Stallone to play the part because he has such marvelous pecs.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= pectoral

pecan

[D.J.:pɪˈkɑ:n, -ˈkæn, ˈpi:kæn]

[K.K.:pɪˈkɑn, -ˈkæn, ˈpikæn]

n.

美洲山核桃

美洲山核桃树

pecan

pecan pecans
Pecans or pecan nuts are nuts with a thin, smooth shell that grow on trees in the southern United States and central America and that you can eat.
N-COUNT

peccadillo

[D.J.:ˌpekəˈdɪləʊ]

[K.K.:ˌpɛkəˈdɪlo]

n.

轻罪,小过失

peccadillo

peccadillo peccadilloes or peccadillos
Peccadilloes are small, unimportant sins or faults. (WRITTEN)

- People are prepared to be tolerant of extra-marital peccadilloes by public figures.

N-COUNT: usu pl

peccadillo

noun

misdeed

error

indiscretion

lapse

misdemeanour

slip

peck

[D.J.:pek]

[K.K.:pɛk]

vt. & vi.

啄; 啄食; 小口地吃

vt.

匆匆地吻

n.

啄

匆匆的一吻

peck *

1. peck pecks pecking pecked
If a bird pecks at something or pecks something, it moves its beak forward quickly and bites at it.

- It was winter and the sparrows were pecking at whatever they could find.

- Chickens pecked in the dust.

- It pecked his leg.

- They turn on their own kind and peck each other to death.

- These birds peck off all the red flowers.

VB

2. peck pecks pecking pecked
If you peck someone on the cheek, you give them a quick, light kiss.

- Elizabeth walked up to him and pecked him on the cheek.

- She pecked his cheek.

VB

3. peck pecks
Also a noun.

- He gave me a little peck on the cheek.

N-COUNT: usu a N

peck

noun

pick

dig

hit

jab

poke

prick

strike

tap

pecker

[D.J.:ˈpekə]

[K.K.:ˈpɛkɚ]

n.

啄木鸟,鹤嘴锄,〈俚〉精神

pecker

1. pecker
If you tell someone to keep their pecker up , you are encouraging them to be cheerful in a difficult situation. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
PHR
= keep one's chin up

2. pecker peckers
A man's pecker is his penis. (AM, INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-COUNT

pecking order

pecking order pecking orders
The pecking order of a group is the way that the positions people have are arranged according to their status or power within the group.

- He knew his place in the pecking order.

- They both came from families fairly far down the social pecking order.

N-COUNT: usu sing

peckish

[D.J.:ˈpekɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈpɛkɪʃ]

adj.

<英,非正>有点饿的

peckish

peckish
If you say that you are feeling peckish , you mean that you are slightly hungry. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

pectin

[D.J.:ˈpektin]

[K.K.:ˈpɛktɪn]

n.

胶质

pectin

pectin pectins
Pectin is a substance that is found in fruit. It is used when making jam to help it become firm.
N-MASS

pectoral

[D.J.:ˈpektərəl]

[K.K.:ˈpɛktərəl]

adj.

胸部的,戴在胸部的

n.

胸鳍,胸肌

pectoral

pectoral pectorals
Your pectorals are the large chest muscles that help you to move your shoulders and your arms.

- I was required to hold out my arms and flex my pectorals.

N-COUNT: usu pl

peculiar

[D.J.:piˈkju:ljə]

[K.K.:pɪˈkjuljɚ]

adj.

奇怪的, 异常的

特有的, 独具的

〈非正〉不舒服, 有病的

peculiarly

[D.J.:pɪˈkju:lɪəlɪ]

adv.

异常地;尤其地

古怪地

单独地;独特地

peculiar **

1. peculiar
If you describe someone or something as peculiar , you think that they are strange or unusual, sometimes in an unpleasant way.

- Mr Kennet has a rather peculiar sense of humour.

- Rachel thought it tasted peculiar.

ADJ-GRADED
= odd strange

2. peculiarly

- His face had become peculiarly expressionless.

ADV-GRADED

3. peculiar
If something is peculiar to a particular thing, person, or situation, it belongs or relates only to that thing, person, or situation.

- Punks, soldiers, hippies, and Sumo wrestlers all have distinct hair styles, peculiar to their group.

ADJ: oft ADJ to n
= unique

4. peculiarly

- But cricket, surely, is so peculiarly English that the continentals will never catch on.

ADV-GRADED

5. peculiar
If you say that you feel peculiar , you mean that you feel slightly ill or unsteady.

- All this has made me feel quite peculiar.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

peculiar

adjective

1.

odd

abnormal

bizarre

curious

eccentric

extraordinary

freakish

funny

offbeat

outlandish

outr´e

quaint

queer

singular

strange

uncommon

unconventional

unusual

weird

2.

specific

characteristic

distinctive

particular

special

unique

peculiarity

[D.J.:pɪˌkju:li:ˈærɪti:, -kju:lˈjær-]

[K.K.:pɪˌkjuliˈærɪti, -kjulˈjær-]

n.

古怪, 怪癖

特色, 特性

奇形怪状, 独特性

peculiarity

1. peculiarity peculiarities
A peculiarity that someone or something has is a strange or unusual characteristic or habit.

- Joe's other peculiarity was that he was constantly munching hard candy.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

2. peculiarity peculiarities
A peculiarity is a characteristic or quality which belongs or relates only to one person or thing.

- Each nation can have its own peculiarities when it comes to doing business.

- ...a strange peculiarity of the Soviet system.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

peculiarity

noun

1.

eccentricity

abnormality

foible

idiosyncrasy

mannerism

oddity

quirk

2.

characteristic

attribute

feature

mark

particularity

property

quality

trait

pecuniary

[D.J.:pɪˈkju:ni:ˌeri:]

[K.K.:pɪˈkjuniˌɛri]

adj.

金钱的,金钱上的

pecuniary

pecuniary
Pecuniary means concerning or involving money. (FORMAL)

- She denies obtaining a pecuniary advantage by deception.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= monetary

pedagogic

[D.J.:pedəˈɡɔdʒik]

[K.K.:ˌpɛdəˈɡɑdʒɪk, -ˈɡodʒɪk]

adj.

教师的,教育学的,教授法的

pedagogic

ADJ: ADJ n
Pedagogic means the same as pedagogical .

pedagogical

[D.J.:ˌpedəˈ g ɔd ʒɪkl]

[K.K.:ˌp ɛdəˈɡ ɑd ʒɪkl]

adj.

教师的；适宜于教师的；教学(法)的(pedagogical)

pedagogical

pedagogical
Pedagogical means concerning the methods and theory of teaching. (FORMAL)

- With a teacher like Mr Innes, the pedagogical method used in the classroom was by no means standardized.

ADJ: ADJ n

pedagogue

[D.J.:ˈpedəɡɔɡ]

[K.K.:ˈpɛdəˌɡɑɡ, -ˌɡɔɡ]

n.

教师, 卖弄学问的教师

pedagogue

pedagogue pedagogues
If you describe someone as a pedagogue , you mean that they like to teach people things in a firm way as if they know more than anyone else. (FORMAL)

- De Gaulle was a born pedagogue who used the public platform and the television screen to great effect.

N-COUNT

pedagogue

noun

teacher

instructor

master or mistress

schoolmaster or schoolmistress

pedagogy

[D.J.:ˈpedəˌgəʊdʒi:, -ˌgɔdʒi:]

[K.K.:ˈpɛdəˌɡodʒi, -ˌɡɑdʒi]

n.

教育学,教学法

pedagogic(al)

adj.

pedagogy

pedagogy
Pedagogy is the study and theory of the methods and principles of teaching. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

pedal

[D.J.:ˈpedl]

[K.K.:ˈpɛdl]

n.

(自行车或其他机器的)踏板

vt. & vi.

踩自行车的踏板

pedals

方向舵脚蹬

pedal *

1. pedal pedals
The pedals on a bicycle are the two parts that you push with your feet in order to make the bicycle move.
N-COUNT (AM) pedaling , pedaled

2. pedal pedals pedalling pedalled
When you pedal a bicycle, you push the pedals around with your feet to make it move.

- She climbed on her bike with a feeling of pride and pedalled the five miles home.

- She was too tired to pedal back.

VB (AM) pedaling , pedaled
See also back-pedal , soft-pedal .

3. pedal pedals
A pedal in a car or on a machine is a lever that you press with your foot in order to control the car or machine.

- ...the brake or accelerator pedals.

N-COUNT (AM) pedaling , pedaled

pedal bin

pedal bin pedal bins
A pedal bin is a container for waste, usually in a kitchen or bathroom. It has a lid which is controlled by a pedal that you press with your foot. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

pedant

[D.J.:ˈpednt]

[K.K.:ˈpɛdn..t]

n.

<贬>卖弄学问的人,学究,书呆子

pedantic

adj.

pedantry

n.

pedantic

[D.J.:pəˈdæntɪk]

[K.K.:pəˈdæntɪk]

adj.

卖弄学问的

学究式的,迂腐的

pedantry

[D.J.:ˈpedntri:]

[K.K.:ˈpɛdn..tri]

n.

假学问;卖弄学问;迂腐

pedant

pedant pedants
If you say that someone is a pedant , you mean that they are too concerned with unimportant details or traditional rules, especially in connection with academic subjects.

- I am no pedant and avoid being dogmatic concerning English grammar and expression.

N-COUNT disapproval

pedant

noun

hairsplitter

nit-picker informal

quibbler

pedantic

pedantic
If you think someone is pedantic , you mean that they are too concerned with unimportant details or traditional rules, especially in connection with academic subjects.

- His lecture was so pedantic and uninteresting.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

pedantic

adjective

hairsplitting

academic

bookish

donnish

formal

fussy

nit-picking informal

particular

precise

punctilious

pedantry

pedantry
If you accuse someone of pedantry , you mean that you disapprove of them because they pay excessive attention to unimportant details or traditional rules, especially in connection with academic subjects.
N-UNCOUNT disapproval

pedantry

noun

hairsplitting

punctiliousness

quibbling

peddle

[D.J.:ˈpedl]

[K.K.:ˈpɛdl]

vt. & vi.

(沿街)叫卖; 兜售

宣传, 散播

peddling

[ˈpedliŋ]

adj.

忙于琐事的,无关紧要的

n.

行商

peddle *

1. peddle peddles peddling peddled
Someone who peddles things goes from place to place trying to sell them. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- His attempts to peddle his paintings around London's tiny gallery scene proved unsuccessful.

VB

2. peddle peddles peddling peddled
Someone who peddles drugs sells illegal drugs.

- When a drug pusher offered the Los Angeles youngster $100 to peddle drugs, Jack refused.

VB
= push

3. peddling

- The war against drug peddling is all about cash.

N-UNCOUNT

4. peddle peddles peddling peddled
If someone peddles an idea or piece of information, they try very hard to get people to accept it.

- They even set up their own news agency to peddle anti-isolationist propaganda.

VB disapproval

peddle

verb

sell

flog slang

hawk

market

push informal

trade

peddler

[D.J.:ˈpedlə]

[K.K.:ˈpɛdlɚ]

n.

<主新闻>不法商贩;(尤指)毒贩

peddler

1. peddler peddlers
A peddler is someone who goes from place to place in order to sell something. (AM; ALSO BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT The spelling pedlar is also used in British English

2. peddler peddlers
A drug peddler is a person who sells illegal drugs.
N-COUNT

3. peddler peddlers
A peddler of information or ideas is someone who frequently expresses such ideas to other people.

- ...the peddlers of fear.

N-COUNT: usu N of n The spelling pedlar is also used in British English disapproval

pedestal

[D.J.:ˈpedɪstəl]

[K.K.:ˈpɛdɪstəl]

n.

底座, 基座

put sb on a pedestal

把某人奉为完人；盲目崇拜某人

pedestal *

1. pedestal pedestals
A pedestal is the base on which something such as a statue stands.

- ...a larger than life sized bronze statue on a granite pedestal.

N-COUNT

2. pedestal pedestals
If you put someone on a pedestal , you admire them very much and think that they cannot be criticized. If someone is knocked off a pedestal they are no longer admired.

- Since childhood, I put my own parents on a pedestal. I felt they could do no wrong.

- That failure knocked me off my pedestal.

N-COUNT

pedestal

noun

support

base

foot

mounting

plinth

stand

pedestrian

[D.J.:piˈdestriən]

[K.K.:pəˈdɛstriən]

n.

步行者

pedestrian *

1. pedestrian pedestrians
A pedestrian is a person who is walking, especially in a town or city, rather than travelling in a vehicle.

- Ingrid was a walker, even in Los Angeles, where a pedestrian is a rare spectacle.

- More than a third of all pedestrian injuries are to children.

N-COUNT: oft N n

2. pedestrian
If you describe something as pedestrian , you mean that it is ordinary and not at all interesting.

- His style is so pedestrian that the book becomes a real bore.

- I drove home contemplating my own more pedestrian lifestyle.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= dull

pedestrian

noun

1.

walker

foot-traveller

adjective

2.

dull

banal

boring

commonplace

humdrum

mediocre

mundane

ordinary

prosaic

run-of-the-mill

uninspired

pedestrian crossing

pedestrian crossing pedestrian crossings
A pedestrian crossing is a place where pedestrians can cross a street and where motorists must stop to let them cross. (BRIT; in AM use crosswalk )

- He was knocked down on a pedestrian crossing.

N-COUNT

pedestrianized

pedestrianized
A pedestrianized area has been made into an area that is intended for pedestrians, not vehicles.

- You may want to spend a day here to go shopping in the pedestrianized streets.

- There's plans to make Birmingham city centre pedestrianized.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also pedestrianised

pedestrian mall

pedestrian mall pedestrian malls
A pedestrian mall is the same as a pedestrian precinct . (AM)
N-COUNT

pedestrian precinct

pedestrian precinct pedestrian precincts
A pedestrian precinct is a street or part of a town where vehicles are not allowed. (BRIT; in AM usually use pedestrian mall )
N-COUNT

pedicure

[D.J.:ˈpedikjuə]

[K.K.:ˈpɛdɪˌkjʊr]

n.

(修趾甲)医师

vt

修脚

pedicure

pedicure pedicures
If you have a pedicure , you have your toenails cut and the skin on your feet softened.

- I have a manicure and a pedicure every week.

N-COUNT

pedigree

[D.J.:ˈpedɪˌgri:]

[K.K.:ˈpɛdɪˌɡri]

n.

世系

门第;出身

家谱;系谱

adj.

纯种的

pedigreed

adj.

有血统来源的

pedigreed

[ˈpediɡri:d]

adj.

有来历的,血统明白的

pedigree *

1. pedigree pedigrees
If a dog, cat, or other animal has a pedigree , its ancestors are known and recorded. An animal is considered to have a good pedigree when all its known ancestors are of the same type.

- 60 per cent of dogs and ten per cent of cats have pedigrees.

N-COUNT

2. pedigree
A pedigree animal is descended from animals which have all been of a particular type, and is therefore considered to be of good quality.

- ...a pedigree dog.

- ...pedigree horses.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. pedigree pedigrees
Someone's pedigree is their background or their ancestors.

- Hammer's business pedigree almost guaranteed him the acquaintance of U.S. presidents.

- She had an impeccable aristocratic pedigree.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

pedigree

noun

1.

lineage

ancestry

blood

breed

descent

extraction

family

family tree

genealogy

line

race

stock

adjective

2.

purebred

full-blooded

thoroughbred

pediment

[D.J.:ˈpedimənt]

[K.K.:ˈpɛdəmənt]

n.

山形墙,三角墙

pediment

pediment pediments
A pediment is a large triangular structure built over a door or window as a decoration.
N-COUNT

pee

[D.J.:pi:]

[K.K.:pi]

vi.

小便;撒尿

n.

小便;去撒尿

pee *

1. pee pees peeing peed
When someone pees , they urinate. (INFORMAL)

- He needed to pee.

VB

2. pee
Also a noun.

- The driver was probably having a pee.

N-SING: a N

peek

[D.J.:pi:k]

[K.K.:pik]

vi.

很快地看;偷看;窥视

n.

偷看;窥视

peek *

1. peek peeks peeking peeked
If you peek at something or someone, you have a quick look at them, often secretly.

- On two occasions she had peeked at him through a crack in the wall.

VB
= peep

2. peek
Also a noun.

- American firms have been paying outrageous fees for a peek at the technical data.

N-COUNT: usu a N, oft N at/into n
= peep

peek

verb

1.

glance

look

peep

noun

2.

glance

glimpse

look

look-see slang

peep

peekaboo

[D.J.:ˈpi:kəbu:]

[K.K.:ˈpikəˌbu]

n.

〈主美〉躲躲猫(一种把脸一隐一现以逗小孩的游戏)

peekaboo

peekaboo
Peekaboo is a game you play with babies in which you cover your face with your hands or hide behind something and then suddenly show your face, saying `peekaboo!'
N-UNCOUNT, also EXCLAM also peek-a-boo .
= peepbo

peel

[D.J.:pi:l]

[K.K.:pil]

vt.

削[剥]去(水果或蔬菜的皮)

vi.

剥落; 脱落

n.

果皮, 蔬菜皮

peeled

去皮的

peeling

[D.J.:ˈpi:liŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpilɪŋ]

n.

剥皮,剥下的皮

peel **

1. peel
The peel of a fruit such as a lemon or an apple is its skin.

- ...grated lemon peel.

N-UNCOUNT

2. peel
You can also refer to a peel . (AM)

- ...a banana peel.

N-COUNT

3. peel peels peeling peeled
When you peel fruit or vegetables, you remove their skins.

- She sat down in the kitchen and began peeling potatoes.

VB

4. peel peels peeling peeled
If you peel off something that has been sticking to a surface or if it peels off, it comes away from the surface.

- One of the kids was peeling plaster off the wall.

- It took me two days to peel off the labels.

- Paint was peeling off the walls.

- The wallpaper was peeling away close to the ceiling.

- ...an unrenovated bungalow with slightly peeling blue paint.

V-ERG

5. peel peels peeling peeled
If a surface is peeling , the paint on it is coming away.

- Its once-elegant white pillars are peeling.

VB: usu cont

6. peel peels peeling peeled
If you are peeling or if your skin is peeling , small pieces of skin are coming off, usually because you have been burned by the sun.

- His face, at the moment, was peeling from sunburn.

VB: usu cont

peel

verb

1.

skin

flake off

pare

scale

strip off

noun

2.

skin

peeling

rind

peel off **

peel off peels off; peeling off; peeled off
If you peel off a tight piece of clothing, you take it off, especially by turning it inside out.

- She peeled off her gloves.

PHR-V

peeler

[D.J.:ˈpi:lə]

[K.K.:ˈpilɚ]

n.

(通常构成复合词)去皮器;削皮器

peeler

peeler peelers
A peeler is a special tool used for removing the skin from fruit and vegetables.

- Peel the aubergines with a potato peeler.

N-COUNT

peelings

[D.J.:ˈpi:lɪŋz]

[K.K.:ˈpilɪŋz]

n.

(尤指马铃薯)削下的皮

peelings

peelings
Peelings are pieces of skin removed from vegetables and fruit.

- ...potato peelings.

N-PLURAL: usu supp N

peep

[D.J.:pi:p]

[K.K.:pip]

n.

(汽车喇叭的)嘟嘟声

(鼠、小鸟等的)吱吱声

窥视

vi.

窥视, 偷看

隐现, 慢慢露出

peep *

1. peep peeps peeping peeped
If you peep , or peep at something, you have a quick look at it, often secretly and quietly.

- Children came to peep at him round the doorway.

- Now and then she peeped to see if he was noticing her.

VB
= peek

2. peep
Also a noun.

- `Fourteen minutes,' Chris said, taking a peep at his watch.

N-SING: a N
= peek

3. peep peeps peeping peeped
If something peeps out from behind or under something, a small part of it is visible or becomes visible.

- Purple and yellow flowers peeped up between rocks.

- Here and there a face peeped out from the shop doorway.

VB

4. peep
If you say that you don't hear a peep from someone, you mean that they do not say anything or make any noise. (INFORMAL)

- You don't hear a peep from her once she's gone to bed.

PHR: V inflects

peep

verb

1.

peek

look

sneak a look

steal a look

noun

2.

look

glimpse

look-see slang

peek

peep

noun

tweet

cheep

chirp

squeak

peepbo

[ˈpi:pbəu]

n.

藏猫游戏(面孔一隐一现以逗小孩的游戏)

peepbo

peepbo
Peepbo is a game you play with babies in which you cover your face with your hands or hide behind something and then suddenly show your face, saying `peepbo'. (BRIT; in AM use peekaboo )
N-UNCOUNT; EXCLAM
= peekaboo

peephole

[D.J.:ˈpi:phəul]

[K.K.:ˈpipˌhol]

n.

窥视孔

peephole

peephole peepholes
A peephole is small hole in a door or wall through which you can look secretly at what is happening on the other side.

- The guards checked at the peephole before entering.

N-COUNT
= spyhole

peephole

noun

spyhole

aperture

chink

crack

hole

opening

Peeping Tom

Peeping Tom Peeping Toms
If you refer to someone as a Peeping Tom , you mean that they secretly watch other people, especially when those people are taking their clothes off.
N-COUNT disapproval
= voyeur

peepshow

peepshow peepshows
A peepshow is box containing moving pictures which you can look at through a small hole. Peepshows used to be a form of entertainment at fairs.
N-COUNT

peer

[D.J.:piə]

[K.K.:pɪr]

vi.

凝视, 盯着看

n.

贵族

同辈; 同龄人

peering

对等操作

peer ***

1. peer peers peering peered
If you peer at something, you look at it very hard, usually because it is difficult to see clearly.

- I had been peering at a computer print-out that made no sense at all.

- He watched the Customs official peer into the driver's window.

VB

2. peer peers
In Britain, a peer is a member of the nobility who has or had the right to vote in the House of Lords.

- Lord Swan was made a life peer in 1981.

N-COUNT

3. peer peers
Your peers are the people who are the same age as you or who have the same status as you.

- ...children who are much cleverer than their peers...

- His engaging personality made him popular with his peers.

N-COUNT: usu pl, poss N

peer

noun

1.

noble

aristocrat

lord

nobleman

2.

equal

compeer

fellow

like

peer

verb

squint

gaze

inspect

peep

scan

snoop

spy

peerage

[D.J.:ˈpɪərɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈpɪrɪdʒ]

n.

(统称)贵族

贵族的爵位

peerage *

1. peerage peerages
If someone has a peerage , they have the rank of a peer.

- The Prime Minister offered him a peerage.

- It's thought she may eventually accept a peerage and move to the House of Lords.

N-COUNT

2. peerage
The peers of a particular country are referred to as the peerage .
N-SING: the N

peerage

noun

aristocracy

lords and ladies

nobility

peers

peeress

[D.J.:ˈpiəris]

[K.K.:ˈpɪrɪs]

n.

贵族夫人,有爵位的妇女

peeress

peeress peeresses
In Britain, a peeress is a female peer or a peer's wife.
N-COUNT

peer group

peer group peer groups
Your peer group is the group of people you know who are the same age as you or who have the same social status as you.

- It is important for a manager to be able to get the support of his peer group.

- ...peer group pressure.

N-COUNT

peerless

[D.J.:ˈpɪəlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈpɪrlɪs]

adj.

无与伦比的,盖世无双的

peerless

peerless
Something that is peerless is so beautiful or wonderful that you feel that nothing can equal it. (FORMAL)

- ...two days of clear sunshine under peerless blue skies.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= matchless

peerless

adjective

unequalled

beyond compare

excellent

incomparable

matchless

outstanding

unmatched

unparalleled

unrivalled

peer of the realm

peer of the realm peers of the realm
In Britain, a peer of the realm is a member of the nobility who has the right to sit in the House of Lords.
N-COUNT

peeved

[pi:vd]

adj.

〈美口〉恼怒的,不高兴的

peeved

peeved
If you are peeved about something, you are annoyed about it. (INFORMAL)

- Susan couldn't help feeling a little peeved.

- ...complaints from peeved citizens who pay taxes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

peevish

[D.J.:ˈpi:vɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈpivɪʃ]

adj.

脾气坏的;易动怒的

peevishly

adv.

peevishness

n.

peevishly

[D.J.:ˈpi:vɪʃlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpivɪʃlɪ]

adv.

动不动就发脾气地,急躁地

peevish

1. peevish
Someone who is peevish is bad-tempered.

- Aubrey had slept little and that always made him peevish.

- She glared down at me with a peevish expression on her face.

ADJ-GRADED
= bad-tempered

2. peevishly

- Brian sighed peevishly.

- She had grown ever more peevishly dependent on him.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. peevishness

- He complained with characteristic peevishness.

N-UNCOUNT

peevish

adjective

irritable

cantankerous

childish

churlish

cross

crotchety informal

fractious

fretful

grumpy

petulant

querulous

snappy

sulky

sullen

surly

peg

[D.J.:peɡ]

[K.K.:pɛɡ]

n.

挂钉, 挂钩

系帐篷的桩

衣夹

vt.

用夹子或钉子固定

使固定在某水平

pegging

[ˈpeɡiŋ]

n.

外汇钉住;固定证券价格

peg ***

1. peg pegs
A peg is a small hook or knob that is attached to a wall or door and is used for hanging things on.

- His work jacket hung on the peg in the kitchen.

N-COUNT

2. peg pegs
A peg is a small device which you use to fasten clothes to a washing line. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use clothespin )
N-COUNT
= clothes peg

3. peg pegs
A peg is a small piece of wood or metal that is used for fastening something to something else.

- He builds furniture using wooden pegs instead of nails.

- ...the noise of the hammer striking the steel pegs.

N-COUNT

4. peg pegs pegging pegged
If you peg something somewhere or peg it down, you fix it there with pegs.

- ...trying to peg a double sheet on a washing line on a blustery day...

- Peg down netting over the top to keep out leaves.

- ...a tent pegged to the ground nearby for the kids.

VB

5. peg pegs pegging pegged
If a price or amount of something is pegged at a particular level, it is fixed at that level.

- They'll have to set the rate at which the pound is pegged to the deutschmark.

- UK trading profits were pegged at £40 million.

- The Bank wants to peg rates at 9%.

- ...a pegged European currency.

VB
See also level-pegging .

6. peg
If you say that someone should be brought down a peg or be taken down a peg , you mean that they should be made to realize that they are not so important or wonderful as they think they are.

- We thought it was time they were brought down a peg or two.

- We'd have liked to see her taken down a peg, but not this way.

PHR: V inflects

7. peg
Off-the-peg clothes are made in large numbers and sent to shops, not made specially for a particular person. (BRIT; in AM use off-the-rack )

- ...an off-the-peg two-piece suit...

- Instead of dining in top restaurants and wearing expensive suits, he likes to eat hamburgers and buys clothes off the peg.

PHR: PHR n, PHR after v
≠ made-to-measure

8. peg
If you describe someone as a square peg in a round hole , you mean that they are in a situation or doing something that does not suit them at all.

- Taylor is clearly the wrong man for the job -- a square peg in a round hole.

PHR: v-link PHR
= misfit

peg

verb

fasten

attach

fix

join

secure

peg out ***

1. peg out pegs out; pegging out; pegged out
If someone pegs out , they are too exhausted to carry on with what they have been doing. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I nipped round the corner for a quick beer and nearly pegged out on the spot.

PHR-V
= flake out

2. peg out pegs out; pegging out; pegged out
If you say that someone pegs out , you mean that they die. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I thought the oldest were going to peg out.

PHR-V

peg leg

peg leg peg legs
A peg leg is an artificial leg made out of wood. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= wooden leg

pejorative

[D.J.:pɪˈdʒɔ:rətɪv, -ˈdʒɔr-, ˈpedʒəˌreɪtɪv, ˈpi:dʒə-]

[K.K.:pɪˈdʒɔrətɪv, -ˈdʒɑr-, ˈpɛdʒəˌretɪv, ˈpidʒə-]

adj.

轻蔑的,贬损的

n.

轻蔑语

pejorative

pejorative
A pejorative word or expression is one that expresses criticism of someone or something. (FORMAL)

- I agree I am ambitious, and I don't see that as a pejorative term.

- Isn't there a suggestion that `poetess' is slightly pejorative?

ADJ-GRADED
= derogatory disparaging

pejorative

adjective

derogatory

deprecatory

depreciatory

disparaging

negative

uncomplimentary

unpleasant

pekinese

pekinese pekineses
A pekinese is a type of small dog with long hair, short legs, and a short, flat nose.
N-COUNT also pekingese .

pelican

[D.J.:ˈpelɪkən]

[K.K.:ˈpɛlɪkən]

n.

<动>鹈鹕

pelican

pelican pelicans
A pelican is a type of large water bird. It catches fish and keeps them in the bottom part of its beak which is shaped like a large bag.
N-COUNT

pelican crossing

pelican crossing pelican crossings
A pelican crossing is a place where people who are walking can cross a busy road. They press a button at the side of the road, which operates traffic lights to stop the traffic. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

pellet

[D.J.:ˈpelɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpɛlɪt]

n.

坚硬小球或小丸

pellet bomb

珠形炸弹

pellet *

pellet pellets
A pellet is a small ball of paper, mud, lead, or other material.

- He was shot in the head by an air gun pellet.

- A beetle was rolling a pellet of dried dung up the hill.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

pell-mell

[D.J.:ˈpelˈmel]

[K.K.:ˈpɛlˈmɛl]

adv.

凌乱地;匆忙地

adj.

胡乱的;匆忙的

n.

混乱

pell-mell

pell-mell
If you move pell-mell somewhere, you move there in a hurried, uncontrolled way.

- All three of us rushed pell-mell into the kitchen.

ADV: ADV after v

pellucid

[D.J.:pəˈlu:sɪd]

[K.K.:pəˈlusɪd]

adj.

透明的,清澈的

pellucid

pellucid
Something that is pellucid is extremely clear. (LITERARY)

- ...her pellucid blue eyes...

- The anchor chain had rattled out in that warm pellucid water.

ADJ
= limpid

pelmet

[ˈpelmət]

n.

门帘盒,窗帘盒

pelmet

pelmet pelmets
A pelmet is a long, narrow piece of wood or fabric which is fitted at the top of a window for decoration and to hide the curtain rail. (BRIT; in AM use valance )
N-COUNT

pelota

[D.J.:piˈləutə]

[K.K.:pəˈlotə]

n.

〈西〉回力球

pelota

pelota
Pelota is a game that is played in Spain, America, and the Philippines, in which the players hit a ball against a wall using a long basket tied to their wrist.
N-UNCOUNT

pelt

[D.J.:pelt]

[K.K.:pɛlt]

vt.

(连续地)投掷

连续抨击,攻击

剥去…的皮

vi.

(连续地)投掷;开火

(雨等)急降,猛落

<口>迅猛前进

n.

投掷;打击

抨击;质问

(雨等的)大降,猛落

速度

<英><方>一阵大怒

(动物的)生皮;毛皮

(at) full pelt

全速； 大力地

pelting

[D.J.:ˈpeltiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpɛltɪŋ]

adj.

〈古〉微不足道的,无价值的;〈英方〉盛怒的

pelt *

1. pelt pelts
The pelt of an animal is its skin, which can be used to make clothing or rugs.

- ...a bed covered with beaver pelts.

- ...rapidly diminishing suppliers of furs and pelts.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= hide

2. pelt pelts pelting pelted
If you pelt someone with things, you throw things at them.

- Some of the younger men began to pelt one another with snowballs.

- Crowds started to pelt police cars with stones.

VB

3. pelt pelts pelting pelted
If the rain is pelting down , or if it is pelting with rain, it is raining very hard. (INFORMAL)

- The rain now was pelting down.

- It's pelting with rain.

- We drove through pelting rain.

VB: usu cont
= pouring

4. pelt pelts pelting pelted
If you pelt somewhere, you run there very fast. (INFORMAL)

- Without thinking, she pelted down the stairs in her nightgown.

VB
= dash

5. pelt
If you do something full pelt or at full pelt , you do it very quickly indeed. (INFORMAL)

- Alice leapt from the car and ran full pelt towards the emergency room.

- He drove his car through the gates at full pelt.

PHR: PHR after v

pelt

verb

1.

throw

batter

bombard

cast

hurl

pepper

shower

sling

strike

2.

rush

belt slang

charge

dash

hurry

run fast

shoot

speed

tear

3.

pour

bucket down informal

rain cats and dogs informal

rain hard

teem

pelt

noun

coat

fell

hide

skin

pelvic

[D.J.:ˈpelvɪk]

[K.K.:ˈpɛlvɪk]

adj.

骨盆的;关于骨盆的

pelvic fin

<动>腹鳍

pelvic *

pelvic
Pelvic means near or relating to your pelvis.
ADJ: ADJ n

pelvis

[D.J.:ˈpelvɪs]

[K.K.:ˈpɛlvɪs]

n.

<解>骨盆

pelvis *

pelvis pelvises
Your pelvis is the wide, curved group of bones at the level of your hips.
N-COUNT

pen

[D.J.:pen]

[K.K.:pɛn]

n.

笔; 钢笔; 圆珠笔

写作

圈, 围栏

vt.

写(信等)

vt.

把…关入栏中

penning

[ˈpeniŋ]

n.

石块铺砌,护坡

pen ***

1. pen pens
A pen is a long thin object which you use to write in ink.
N-COUNT
See also fountain pen .

2. pen pens penning penned
If someone pens a letter, article, or book, they write it. (FORMAL)

- I really intended to pen this letter to you early this morning.

- She penned a short memo to his private secretary.

VB
= draft write

3. pen pens
A pen is also a small area with a fence round it in which farm animals are kept for a short time.

- ...a holding pen for sheep...

- He wasn't sure exactly how a fox could have got into the sheep's pen.

N-COUNT
= enclosure

See also playpen .

4. pen pens penning penned
If people or animals are penned somewhere or are penned up , they are forced to remain in a very small area.

- ...to drive the cattle back to the house so they could be milked and penned for the night...

- The goats are penned in and fodder has to be cut and carried each day.

- I don't have to stay in my room penned up like a prisoner.

VB: usu passive

5. pen pens
People sometimes say the pen to refer to a prison. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu sing, the N
= penitentiary

6. pen
If you put pen to paper , you write something.

- Whenever he put pen to paper he was at a loss for the right words to break the news.

PHR: V inflects

pen

verb

write

compose

draft

draw up

jot down

pen

noun

1.

enclosure

cage

coop

fold

hutch

pound

sty

verb

2.

enclose

cage

confine

coop up

fence in

hedge

shut up or in

penal

[D.J.:ˈpi:nəl]

[K.K.:ˈpinəl]

adj.

与刑罚有关的

penally

adv.

与刑罚有关地

penally

adv.

用刑罚,刑事上

penal *

1. penal
Penal means relating to the punishment of criminals.

- ...director-general of penal affairs at the justice ministry.

- ...penal and legal systems.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. penal
A penal institution or colony is one where criminals are kept as punishment.

- ...imprisoned on an island that has served as a penal colony since Roman times.

ADJ: ADJ n

penal

adjective

disciplinary

corrective

punitive

penal code

penal code penal codes
The penal code of a country consists of all the laws that are related to crime and punishment. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

penalize

[D.J.:ˈpi:nəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈpinəˌlaɪz, ˈpɛnə-]

vt.

对…予以惩罚

使处于不利地位

penalize *

penalize penalizes penalizing penalized
If a person or group is penalized for something, they are made to suffer in some way because of it.

- Some of the players may, on occasion, break the rules and be penalized.

- Use of the car is penalized by increasing the fares of parking lots.

- Bad teaching is not penalized in a formal way.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also penalise
= punish

penalize

verb

punish

discipline

handicap

impose a penalty on

penal servitude

penal servitude
Penal servitude is the punishment of being sent to prison and forced to do hard physical work. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= hard labour

penalty

[D.J.:ˈpenəlti]

[K.K.:ˈpɛnəlti]

n.

惩罚, 处罚

不利后果, 损失

penalty ***

1. penalty penalties
A penalty is a punishment that someone is given for doing something which is against a law or rule.

- One of those arrested could face the death penalty.

- The maximum penalty is up to 7 years imprisonment or an unlimited fine.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. penalty penalties
In sports such as soccer, rugby, and hockey, a penalty is an opportunity to score a goal, which is given to the attacking team if the defending team breaks a rule near their own goal.

- Referee Michael Reed had no hesitation in awarding a penalty.

- Jonathan Davies scored a penalty goal.

N-COUNT

3. penalty penalties
The penalty that you pay for something you have done is something unpleasant that you experience as a result.

- Why should I pay the penalty for somebody else's mistake?.

- It's a penalty of us being girls -- sons have an easy time.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing
= price

penalty

noun

punishment

fine

forfeit

handicap

price

penalty area *

penalty area penalty areas
In soccer, the penalty area is the rectangular area in front of the goal. Inside this area the goalkeeper is allowed to handle the ball, and if the defending team breaks a rule here, the opposing team gets a penalty. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT
= penalty box

penalty box

1. penalty box penalty boxes
In soccer, the penalty box is the same as the penalty area . (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

2. penalty box penalty boxes
In ice hockey, the penalty box is an area in which players who have broken a rule have to sit for a period of time.
N-COUNT

penalty shoot-out

penalty shoot-out penalty shoot-outs
In soccer, a penalty shoot-out is a way of deciding the result of a game that has ended in a draw. Players from each team try to score a goal in turn until one player fails to score and their team loses the game. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

penance

[D.J.:ˈpenəns]

[K.K.:ˈpɛnəns]

n.

(赎罪的)苦行,苦修

penance

penance penances
If you do penance for something wrong that you have done, you do something that you find unpleasant to show that you are sorry.

- ...a time of fasting, penance and pilgrimage...

- The Koran recommends fasting as a penance before pilgrimages.

N-VAR

penance

noun

atonement

penalty

reparation

sackcloth and ashes

pen and ink

pen and ink
A pen and ink drawing is done using a pen rather than a pencil.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

penchant

[D.J.:ˈpentʃənt]

[K.K.:ˈpɛntʃənt]

n.

(强烈的)爱好,嗜好

penchant *

penchant
If someone has a penchant for something, they have a special liking for it or a tendency to do it. (FORMAL)

- ...a stylish woman with a penchant for dark glasses...

- He had a penchant for playing jokes on people.

N-SING: N for n/-ing
= fondness

penchant

noun

liking

bent

bias

fondness

inclination

leaning

partiality

predilection

proclivity

propensity

taste

tendency

pencil

[D.J.:ˈpensəl]

[K.K.:ˈpɛnsəl]

n.

铅笔, 彩色铅笔

光线锥

vt.

用铅笔写、画或标记(某物)

pencilling

画白线

pencil **

1. pencil pencils
A pencil is an object that you write or draw with. It consists of a thin piece of wood with a rod of a black or coloured substance through the middle. If you write or draw something in pencil , you do it using a pencil.

- I found a pencil and some blank paper in her desk.

- He had written her a note in pencil.

N-COUNT: also in N

2. pencil pencils pencilling pencilled
If you pencil a letter or a note, you write it using a pencil.

- He pencilled a note to Joseph Daniels.

VB

3. pencilled.

- ...folded notepaper with the pencilled block letters on the outside.

ADJ

pencil in **

pencil in pencils in; pencilling in; pencilled in
If an event or appointment is pencilled in , it has been agreed that it should take place, but it will have to be confirmed later.

- He told us that the tour was pencilled in for the following March.

PHR-V: usu passive

pencil pusher

pencil pusher pencil pushers
If you call someone a pencil pusher , you mean that their work consists of writing or dealing with documents, and does not seem very useful or important. (AM; in BRIT use pen-pusher )

- ...the pencil pushers who decide the course of people's lives.

N-COUNT disapproval
= bureaucrat

pendant

[D.J.:ˈpendənt]

[K.K.:ˈpɛndənt]

n.

(装在项链等上的)垂饰,坠儿

pendant

pendant pendants
A pendant is an ornament on a chain that you wear round your neck.
N-COUNT

pending

[D.J.:ˈpendiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpɛndɪŋ]

prep.

直到, 在等待…期间

adj.

未决的, 未定的, 待定的

即将发生的

pending **

1. pending
If something such as a legal procedure is pending , it is waiting to be dealt with or settled. (FORMAL)

- The cause of death was listed as pending.

- In 1989, the court had 600 pending cases.

- She had a libel action against the magazine pending.

ADJ

2. pending
If something is done pending a future event, it is done until that event happens. (FORMAL)

- Mendoza is here pending his request for political asylum.

- A judge has suspended a ban on the magazine pending a full inquiry.

PREP

3. pending
Something that is pending is going to happen soon. (FORMAL)

- A growing number of customers have been inquiring about the pending price rises.

ADJ
= imminent

pending

adjective

undecided

awaiting

imminent

impending

in the balance

undetermined

unsettled

pendulous

[D.J.:ˈpendʒələs, ˈpendjə-, -də-]

[K.K.:ˈpɛndʒələs, ˈpɛndjə-, -də-]

adj.

吊着的,下垂的；摆动的

pendulous

pendulous
Something that is pendulous hangs downwards and moves loosely, usually in an unattractive way. (LITERARY)

- ...a stout, gloomy man with a pendulous lower lip.

- ...pendulous cheeks.

ADJ
= sagging

pendulum

[D.J.:ˈpendjuləm]

[K.K.:ˈpɛndʒələm, ˈpɛndjə-, ˈpɛndə-]

n.

摆, 钟摆

摇摆不定的事态(或局面)

pendulum *

1. pendulum pendulums
The pendulum of a clock is a rod with a weight at the end which swings from side to side in order to make the clock work.
N-COUNT

2. pendulum
You can use the idea of a pendulum and the way it swings regularly as a way of talking about regular changes in a situation or in people's opinions.

- The pendulum has swung back and the American car companies have made dramatic advances in safety.

- The political pendulum has swung in favour of the liberals.

N-SING: usu the N

penetrate

[D.J.:ˈpenitreit]

[K.K.:ˈpɛnɪˌtret]

vt. & vi.

穿过, 刺入, 渗入

了解

vt.

看穿

penetrating

[D.J.:ˈpenɪˌtreɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpɛnɪˌtretɪŋ]

adj.

敏锐的,有洞察力的;聪明的

响亮的

penetratingly

adv.

敏锐地,响亮地

penetratingly

尖锐地;深入地

penetration

[D.J.:ˌpenɪˈtreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌpɛnɪˈtreʃən]

n.

穿透;穿透能力;穿透深度

渗透;侵入

<军>突破;(空战中)深入敌方的飞行

敏锐;洞察力

penetrate **

1. penetrate penetrates penetrating penetrated
If something or someone penetrates a physical object or an area, they succeed in getting into it or passing through it.

- X-rays can penetrate many objects.

- His men had been ordered to shoot on sight anyone trying to penetrate the area.

VB

2. penetration penetrations

- The exterior walls are three to three and a half feet thick to prevent penetration by bombs.

- ...moves designed to block enemy penetrations.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

3. penetrate penetrates penetrating penetrated
If someone penetrates an organization, a group, or a profession, they succeed in entering it although it is difficult to do so.

- ...the continuing failure of women to penetrate the higher levels of engineering...

- The drugs industry is complex and hard to penetrate.

VB
= get into

4. penetrate penetrates penetrating penetrated
If someone penetrates an enemy group or a rival organization, they succeed in joining it in order to get information or cause trouble.

- The CIA had requested our help to penetrate a drugs ring operating out of Munich.

- The army was one of the few institutions the secret police were not encouraged to penetrate.

VB
= infiltrate

5. penetration

- ...the successful penetration by the KGB of the French intelligence service.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp
= infiltration

6. penetrate penetrates penetrating penetrated
If a company or country penetrates a market or area, they succeed in selling their products there.

- There have been around 15 attempts from outside France to penetrate the market.

VB

7. penetration

- ...import penetration across a broad range of heavy industries.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

8. penetrate penetrates penetrating penetrated
If you penetrate something that is difficult to understand, you succeed in understanding it. (FORMAL)

- ...long answers that were often difficult to penetrate.

VB
= grasp fathom

penetrating *

1. penetrating
A penetrating sound is loud and usually high-pitched.

- Mary heard the penetrating bell of an ambulance.

- Her voice was nasal and penetrating.

ADJ-GRADED
= piercing

2. penetrating
If someone gives you a penetrating look, it makes you think that they know what you are thinking.

- He gazed at me with a sharp, penetrating look that made my heart pound.

- ...dark penetrating eyes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= piercing

3. penetrating
Someone who has a penetrating mind understands and recognizes things quickly and thoroughly.

- ...a thoughtful, penetrating mind...

- He never stopped asking penetrating questions.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= sharp keen

penetrate

verb

1.

pierce

bore

enter

go through

prick

stab

2.

grasp

comprehend

decipher

fathom

figure out informal

get to the bottom of

suss (out) slang

work out

penetrating

adjective

1.

sharp

carrying

harsh

piercing

shrill

2.

perceptive

acute

astute

incisive

intelligent

keen

perspicacious

quick

sharp

sharp-witted

shrewd

penetration

noun

1.

piercing

entrance

entry

incision

puncturing

2.

perception

acuteness

astuteness

insight

keenness

sharpness

shrewdness

penetrative

[D.J.:ˈpenitreitiv]

[K.K.:ˈpɛnɪˌtretɪv]

adj.

渗透的,深刻的

penetrative

penetrative
If a man has penetrative sex with someone, he inserts his penis into his partner's vagina or anus.
ADJ: ADJ n

pen-friend

pen-friend pen-friends
A pen-friend is someone you write friendly letters to and receive letters from, although the two of you may never have met. (BRIT; in AM use pen pal )
N-COUNT also penfriend .
= pen pal

penguin

[D.J.:ˈpeŋɡwin]

[K.K.:ˈpɛŋɡwɪn, ˈpɛn-]

n.

企鹅

penguin **

penguin penguins
A penguin is a type of large black and white sea bird found mainly in the Antarctic. Penguins cannot fly but use their short wings for swimming.
N-COUNT

penicillin

[D.J.:ˌpenɪˈsɪlɪn]

[K.K.:ˌpɛnɪˈsɪlɪn]

n.

青霉素,盘尼西林

penicillin

penicillin
Penicillin is a drug that kills bacteria and is used to treat infections.
N-UNCOUNT

penile

[D.J.:ˈpi:nail]

[K.K.:ˈpiˌnaɪl, -nəl]

adj.

阴茎的,用阴茎的,影响阴茎的

penile

penile
Penile means relating to a penis. (FORMAL)

- ...penile cancer.

ADJ: ADJ n

peninsula

[D.J.:piˈninsjulə]

[K.K.:pəˈnɪnsjələ, -sələ]

n.

半岛

peninsula **

peninsula peninsulas
A peninsula is a long narrow piece of land which sticks out from a larger piece of land and is almost completely surrounded by water.

- ...the political situation in the Korean peninsula...

- I had walked around the entire peninsula.

N-COUNT: oft in names

penis

[D.J.:ˈpi:nɪs]

[K.K.:ˈpinɪs]

n.

阴茎

penis **

penis penises
A man's penis is the part of his body that he uses when urinating and when having sex.
N-COUNT

penitence

[D.J.:ˈpenɪtəns]

[K.K.:ˈpɛnɪtəns]

n.

忏悔;赎罪

penitent

[D.J.:ˈpenɪtənt]

[K.K.:ˈpɛnɪtənt]

adj.

悔罪的,悔过的

n.

后悔者

忏悔者

penitence

n.

penitently

adv.

penitence

penitence
Penitence is sincere regret for wrong or evil things that you have done.
N-UNCOUNT
= repentance

penitence

noun

repentance

compunction

contrition

regret

remorse

shame

sorrow

penitent

1. penitent
Someone who is penitent is very sorry for something wrong that they have done, and regrets their actions. (LITERARY)

- Robert Gates sat before them, almost penitent about the past.

- She is deeply penitent.

- ...penitent criminals.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

2. penitently

- He sat penitently in his chair by the window.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

penitent

adjective

repentant

abject

apologetic

conscience-stricken

contrite

regretful

remorseful

sorry

penitential

[D.J.:ˌpeniˈtenʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌpɛnɪˈtɛnʃəl]

adj.

后悔的,忏悔的,苦行赎罪的

n.

赎罪规则书

penitential

penitential
Penitential means expressing deep sorrow and regret at having done something wrong. (FORMAL)

- They made their way from church to church, singing penitential psalms.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

penitentiary

[D.J.:ˌpenɪˈtenʃəri:]

[K.K.:ˌpɛnɪˈtɛnʃəri]

n.

<美>监狱

adj.

用作教养的,感化(院)的,教养所的

penitentiary

penitentiary penitentiaries
A penitentiary is a prison. (AM, FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= jail

penknife

[D.J.:ˈpenˌnaɪf]

[K.K.:ˈpɛnˌnaɪf]

n.

折叠式小刀

penknife

penknife penknives
A penknife is a small knife with a blade that folds back into the handle.
N-COUNT

penmanship

[D.J.:ˈpenmənˌʃɪp]

[K.K.:ˈpɛnmənˌʃɪp]

n.

<正>书写艺术;书法;书写技巧

penmanship

penmanship
Penmanship is the art and skill of writing by hand. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

pen name

pen name pen names
A writer's pen name is the name that he or she uses on books and articles instead of his or her real name.

- ...Baroness Blixen, also known by her pen-name Isak Dinesen.

N-COUNT also pen-name .
= nom de plume pseudonym

pen name

noun

pseudonym

nom de plume

pennant

[D.J.:ˈpenənt]

[K.K.:ˈpɛnənt]

n.

校旗,锦标旗;<海>长三角旗;信号旗

pennant *

1. pennant pennants
A pennant is a long, narrow, triangular flag.

- The second car was flying the Ghanaian pennant.

N-COUNT
= flag

2. pennant pennants
In baseball, a pennant is a flag that is given each year to the top team in a league. The championship is also called the pennant . (AM)

- The Red Sox lost the pennant to Detroit by a single game.

N-COUNT

pennant

noun

flag

banner

ensign

pennon

streamer

pennies

[ˈpeniz]

pl.

of penny

pennies

pennies
Pennies is the plural of penny . Pennies is mainly used to refer only to coins, rather than to amounts.

penniless

[D.J.:ˈpeni:lɪs, ˈpenə-]

[K.K.:ˈpɛnilɪs, ˈpɛnə-]

adj.

一文不名的;贫穷的

penniless *

penniless
Someone who is penniless has hardly any money at all.

- They'd soon be penniless and homeless if she couldn't find suitable work.

- ...a penniless refugee.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

penniless

adjective

poor

broke informal

destitute

dirt-poor informal

down and out

flat broke informal

impecunious

impoverished

indigent

penurious

poverty-stricken

skint Brit. slang

stony-broke Brit. slang

penn'orth

[ˈpenəθ]

n.

一便士之值,一便士的东西

penn'orth

penn'orth
During a discussion about something, if you have your two penn'orth or put in your two penn'orth , you add your own opinion. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use two cents' worth )

- Please do be patient -- I'm sure you want to have your two penn'orth.

PHR: det-poss PHR, usu PHR after v

pence

[D.J.:pens]

[K.K.:pɛns]

n.

penny的复数

penny

[D.J.:ˈpeni]

[K.K.:ˈpɛni]

n.

便士

(美国、加拿大的)一分钱

少量的钱

penny ***

1. penny pence
In Britain, a penny is one hundredth of a pound, or a coin worth this amount of money.

- Cider also goes up by a penny a pint while sparkling wine will cost another eight pence a bottle.

- ...a shiny newly minted penny.

N-COUNT The form pence is used for the plural

2. penny pence
A penny is a British coin used before 1971 that was worth one twelfth of a shilling.
N-COUNT

3. penny pence
A penny is one cent, or a coin worth one cent. (AM, INFORMAL)

- Unleaded gasoline rose more than a penny a gallon.

N-COUNT

4. penny
If you say, for example, that you do not have a penny , or that something does not cost a penny , you are emphasizing that you do not have any money at all, or that something did not cost you any money at all.

- From the day you arrive at my house, you need not spend a single penny.

- The Brilliantons paid their rent on time and did not owe him a penny.

- I asked her if he had given her any money. `Not a penny.'

N-SING: a N emphasis

5. penny
If you say the penny dropped , you mean that someone suddenly understood or realized something. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- `Did he know who you are?' --- `I think so. I think the penny dropped.'

PHR: V inflects

6. penny
If someone says that they are going to spend a penny , they mean that they are going to go to the toilet. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
PHR: V inflects politeness

7. penny
Things that are said to be two a penny or ten a penny are not valuable or interesting because they are very common and easy to find. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use a dime a dozen )

- Leggy blondes are two a penny in Hollywood.

PHR: v-link PHR

8. penny
If you say that something or someone is worth every penny , you mean that they are worth all the money that is spent on them.

- The operation cost £100,000 and it was worth every penny.

- The directors of this company feel he's worth every penny.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

penny farthing

penny farthing penny farthings
A penny farthing is an old-fashioned bicycle that had a very large front wheel and a small back wheel. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

penny-pinching

[D.J.:ˈpeniˌpintʃiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpɛniˌpɪntʃɪŋ]

adj.

一毛不拔的; 吝啬的; 小气的

penny-pinching

1. penny-pinching
Penny-pinching is the practice of trying to spend as little money as possible.

- The bridges have not been painted regularly and this penny-pinching has exposed them to the corroding effects of salt and water.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

2. penny-pinching
Penny-pinching people spend as little money as possible.

- ...small-minded penny-pinching administrators.

ADJ disapproval
= mean

pen pal *

pen pal pen pals
A pen pal is someone you write friendly letters to and receive letters from, although the two of you may never have met.
N-COUNT also pen-pal .
= pen-friend

pen-pusher

pen-pusher pen-pushers
If you call someone a pen-pusher , you mean that their work consists of writing or dealing with documents, and does not seem very useful or important. (BRIT; in AM use pencil pusher )

- As a result, industry was overmanned and pen-pushers were everywhere.

N-COUNT also penpusher . disapproval
= bureaucrat

pension

[D.J.:ˈpenʃən]

[K.K.:ˈpɛnʃən]

n.

退休金, 养老金

vt.

发给…养老金[退休金]

pension ***

pension pensions
Someone who has a pension receives a regular sum of money from the state or from a former employer because they have retired or because they are widowed or disabled.

- ...struggling by on a pension.

- ...if you are not a member of a company pension scheme.

N-COUNT

pension

noun

allowance

annuity

benefit

superannuation

pension off ***

pension off pensions off; pensioning off; pensioned off
If someone is pensioned off , they are made to retire from work and are given a pension.

- Many successful women do not want to be pensioned off at 60.

- When his employees were no longer of use to him, he pensioned them off.

PHR-V

pensionable

[ˈpenʃənəbl]

adj.

可领取退休、养老金或抚恤金的

pensionable

pensionable
Pensionable means relating to someone's right to receive a pension.

- ...civil servants who were nearing pensionable age.

- ...if his wife has no pensionable earnings.

ADJ: ADJ n

pension book

pension book pension books
In Britain, a pension book is a small book which is given to pensioners by the government. Each week, one page can be exchanged for money at a Post Office.
N-COUNT

pensioner

[D.J.:ˈpenʃənə]

[K.K.:ˈpɛnʃənɚ]

n.

领取退休、养老金或抚恤金的人

pensioner **

pensioner pensioners
A pensioner is someone who receives a pension, especially a pension paid by the state to retired people.
N-COUNT
= OAP

pensioner

noun

senior citizen

O.A.P.

retired person

pensive

[D.J.:ˈpensɪv]

[K.K.:ˈpɛnsɪv]

adj.

沉思的,深思的

pensively

adv.

pensively

adv.

沉思地,焦虑地

pensive

1. pensive
If you are pensive , you are thinking deeply about something, especially something that worries you slightly.

- He looked suddenly sombre, pensive.

ADJ-GRADED
= thoughtful

2. pensively

- Angela stared pensively out of the window.

ADV: ADV with v

pensive

adjective

thoughtful

contemplative

dreamy

meditative

musing

preoccupied

reflective

sad

serious

solemn

wistful

pentagon

[D.J.:ˈpentəˌgɔn]

[K.K.:ˈpɛntəˌɡɑn]

n.

五边形;五角形

pentagon

pentagon pentagons
A pentagon is a shape with five sides.
N-COUNT

Pentagon **

Pentagon
The Pentagon is the main building of the US Defense Department, in Washington. The US Defense Department is often referred to as the Pentagon .

- ...a news conference at the Pentagon...

- The Pentagon says bad weather is hampering the allied air raids.

- A Pentagon spokesman refused to comment.

N-PROPER: the N, N n

pentameter

[D.J.:penˈtæmitə]

[K.K.:pɛnˈtæmɪtɚ]

n.

五步格诗

adj.

有五音步的

pentameter

pentameter pentameters
In literary criticism, a pentameter is a line of poetry that has five strong beats in it. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

pentathlon

[D.J.:penˈtæθlɔn]

[K.K.:pɛnˈtæθlən, -ˌlɑn]

n.

五项全能运动

pentathlon

pentathlon pentathlons
A pentathlon is an athletics competition in which each person must compete in five different events.
N-COUNT: oft the N

Pentecost

[D.J.:ˈpentikɔst]

[K.K.:ˈpɛntɪˌkɔst, -ˌkɑst]

n.

圣灵降临节

Pentecost

1. Pentecost
Pentecost is a Christian festival that takes place on the seventh Sunday after Easter and celebrates the sending of the Holy Spirit to the first followers of Christ.
N-UNCOUNT

2. Pentecost
Pentecost is a Jewish festival that takes place 50 days after Passover and celebrates the harvest.
N-UNCOUNT

Pentecostal

[D.J.:ˌpentiˈkɔstl]

[K.K.:ˌpɛntɪˈkɑstəl, -ˈkɔstəl]

adj.

五旬节的

Pentecostal

Pentecostal
Pentecostal churches are Christian churches that emphasize the work of the Holy Spirit and the exact truth of the Bible.

- ...one of the fastest growing Pentecostal religious groups in the United States today.

ADJ: ADJ n

penthouse

[D.J.:ˈpentˌhaʊs]

[K.K.:ˈpɛntˌhaʊs]

n.

(大楼平顶上的)楼顶房屋;遮篷

penthouse

penthouse penthouses
A penthouse or a penthouse apartment or suite is a luxurious flat or set of rooms at the top of a tall building.

- ...her swish Manhattan penthouse.

- ...his penthouse flat in Chelsea.

N-COUNT: oft N n

pent-up

[D.J.:ˈpentˈʌp]

[K.K.:ˈpɛntˈʌp]

(感情等)被压抑的,被抑制的

pent-up *

pent-up
Pent-up emotions, energies, or forces have been held back and not expressed, used, or released.

- He still had a lot of pent-up anger to release.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

pent-up

adjective

suppressed

bottled up

curbed

held back

inhibited

repressed

smothered

stifled

penultimate

[D.J.:pɪˈnʌltəmɪt]

[K.K.:pɪˈnʌltəmɪt]

adj.

倒数第二的

penultimate *

penultimate
The penultimate thing in a series of things is the last but one. (FORMAL)

- ...on the penultimate day of the Asian Games.

- ...in the penultimate chapter.

ADJ: det ADJ

penumbra

[D.J.:pɪˈnʌmbrə]

[K.K.:pɪˈnʌmbrə]

n.

黑影周围的半阴影;半影

边缘；外围

penumbral

adj.

penumbral

adj.

日月半影的

penumbra

penumbra penumbras
A penumbra is an area of light shadow. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

penury

[D.J.:ˈpenjəri:]

[K.K.:ˈpɛnjəri]

n.

赤贫,缺乏

penury

penury
Penury is the state of being extremely poor. (FORMAL)

- He was brought up in penury, without education.

N-UNCOUNT

penury

noun

poverty

beggary

destitution

indigence

need

privation

want

peony

[D.J.:ˈpi:əni:]

[K.K.:ˈpiəni]

n.

牡丹；芍药

peony

peony peonies
A peony is a medium-sized garden plant which has large round flowers, usually pink, red, or white.
N-COUNT also paeony .

people

[D.J.:ˈpi:pl]

[K.K.:ˈpipəl]

n.

人, 人们; 一般的人

人民; 平民; 老百姓

种族, 民族

家人, 亲属

vt.

居住于; 使…充满

people *****

1. people peoples
People are men, women, and children. People is normally used as the plural of person , instead of `persons'.

- Millions of people have lost their homes.

- ...the people of Angola.

- ...homeless young people...

- I don't think people should make promises they don't mean to keep.

- It is illegal and could endanger other people's lives.

N-PLURAL

2. people peoples
The people is sometimes used to refer to ordinary men and women, in contrast to the government or the upper classes.

- ...the will of the people.

- ...a tremendous rift between the people and their leadership.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. people peoples
A people is all the men, women, and children of a particular country or race.

- ...the native peoples of Central and South America...

- It's a triumph for the American people.

N-COUNT-COLL

4. people peoples peopling peopled
If a place or country is peopled by a particular group of people, that group of people live there.

- It was peopled by a fiercely independent race of peace-loving Buddhists.

- ...a small town peopled by lay workers and families.

VB: usu passive
= populate

5. people peoples peopling peopled
If something such as a story or a time in history is peopled with people of a particular kind, those people occur or exist in it. (LITERARY)

- Grass's novels are peopled with outlandish characters.

- British history of the 19th Century is peopled by energetic reformers.

- Other people had the gift of peopling their lives with friends and colleagues.

VB

people

plural noun

1.

persons

humanity

mankind

men and women

mortals

2.

nation

citizens

community

folk

inhabitants

population

public

3.

family

clan

race

tribe

verb

4.

inhabit

colonize

occupy

populate

settle

people carrier

people carrier people carriers
A people carrier is a large family car which looks similar to a van and has three rows of seats for passengers.
N-COUNT

people mover

1. people mover people movers
A people mover is the same as a people carrier .
N-COUNT also people-mover

2. people mover people movers
A people mover is a transport system for moving large numbers of people over short distances, for example by means of a moving platform or along a short track.

- The automated people mover carries 20 to 100 passengers and is used in places such as airports.

N-COUNT also people-mover

pep

[D.J.:pep]

[K.K.:pɛp]

n.

<美><口>活力,锐气,劲头

vt.

激励;使精力充沛,使充满活力

pep up

增加…的趣味；使兴致勃勃；激励；使活跃

pep *

pep
Pep is liveliness and energy. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- Many say that, given a choice, they would opt for a holiday to put the pep back in their lives.

N-UNCOUNT
= sparkle

pep up *

pep up peps up; pepping up; pepped up
If you try to pep something up , you try to make it more lively, more interesting, or stronger. (INFORMAL)

- The prime minister aired some ideas about pepping up trade in the region.

- How about pepping up plain tiles with transfers?

PHR-V
= perk up

pepper

[D.J.:ˈpepə]

[K.K.:ˈpɛpɚ]

n.

胡椒粉

辣椒

vt.

在…上撒胡椒粉; 使布满

以…密击, 接二连三地提问

peppered

加胡椒的,撒胡椒粉的

pepper ***

1. pepper
Pepper is a hot-tasting spice which is used to flavour food.

- Season with salt and pepper.

- ...freshly ground black pepper.

N-UNCOUNT

2. pepper peppers
A pepper or, in American English a bell pepper , is a hollow green, red, or yellow vegetable with seeds inside it.
N-COUNT
= capsicum

3. pepper peppers peppering peppered
If something is peppered with small objects, a lot of those objects hit it.

- He was wounded in both legs and severely peppered with shrapnel.

- Suddenly the garden was peppered with pellets.

VB: usu passive

4. pepper peppers peppering peppered
If something is peppered with things, it has a lot of those things in it or on it.

- While her English was correct, it was peppered with French phrases.

- Outside, the road was peppered with glass.

- Yachts peppered the tranquil waters of Botafogo Bay.

VB

pepper

noun

1.

seasoning

flavour

spice

verb

2.

sprinkle

dot

fleck

spatter

speck

3.

pelt

bombard

shower

peppercorn

[D.J.:ˈpepəkɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈpɛpɚˌkɔrn]

n.

胡椒子,空有其名的地租

peppercorn

peppercorn peppercorns
Peppercorns are the small berries which are dried and crushed to make pepper. They are sometimes used whole in cooking.
N-COUNT

peppercorn rent

peppercorn rent peppercorn rents
A peppercorn rent is an extremely low rent. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

peppermill

peppermill peppermills
A peppermill is a container in which peppercorns are crushed to make pepper. You turn the top of the container and the pepper comes out of the bottom.
N-COUNT

peppermint

[D.J.:ˈpepəˌmɪnt]

[K.K.:ˈpɛpɚˌmɪnt]

n.

薄荷

薄荷糖

peppermint *

1. peppermint
Peppermint is a strong, sharp flavouring that is obtained from the peppermint plant or that is made artificially.
N-UNCOUNT

2. peppermint peppermints
A peppermint is a peppermint-flavoured sweet or piece of candy.
N-COUNT

pepperoni

[D.J.:ˌpepəˈrəʊni:]

[K.K.:ˌpɛpəˈroni]

n.

意大利辣香肠

pepperoni

pepperoni
Pepperoni is a kind of spicy sausage which is often sliced and put on pizzas.
N-UNCOUNT

pepperpot

pepperpot pepperpots
A pepperpot is a small container with holes in the top, used for shaking pepper onto food. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use pepper shaker )
N-COUNT also pepper pot .

pepper shaker

pepper shaker pepper shakers
A pepper shaker is the same as a pepperpot . (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

peppery

[D.J.:ˈpepəri:]

[K.K.:ˈpɛpəri]

adj.

胡椒味的;似胡椒的

急躁的;易怒的

peppery

peppery
Food that is peppery has a strong, hot taste like pepper.

- ...a crisp green salad with a few peppery radishes.

ADJ-GRADED

peppy

[D.J.:ˈpepi]

[K.K.:ˈpɛpi]

adj.

精神充沛的,活泼的

peppy

peppy
Someone or something that is peppy is lively and full of energy. (INFORMAL)

- At the end of every day, jot down a brief note on how peppy or tired you felt.

- ...peppy dance-numbers.

ADJ-GRADED
= lively

pep rally

pep rally pep rallies
A pep rally at a school, college, or university is a gathering to support a football team or sports team. (AM)
N-COUNT

pep talk

pep talk pep talks
A pep talk is a speech which is intended to encourage someone to make more effort or feel more confident. (INFORMAL)

- Powell and Cheney spent the day giving pep talks to the troops.

N-COUNT also pep-talk .

peptic ulcer

peptic ulcer peptic ulcers
A peptic ulcer is an ulcer that occurs in the digestive system.
N-COUNT

per

[D.J.:pə:, pə]

[K.K.:pɚ]

prep.

〈拉〉(表示关涉)通过, 由

(表示根据)依照, 根据

(表示比率)(尤指数量, 价格, 时间)每

per ****

1. per
You use per to express rates and ratios. For example, if something costs £50 per year, you must pay £50 each year for it. If a vehicle is travelling at 40 miles per hour, it travels 40 miles each hour.

- Social Security refused to pay her more than £17 per week.

- Buses and trains use much less fuel per person than cars.

PREP: amount PREP n
per head : see head .

2. per
If something happens as per a particular plan or suggestion, it happens in the way planned or suggested. (FORMAL)

- When they reach here they complain that they are not being paid as per the agreement.

- I approached an Intourist official, as per instructions.

PHR-PREP

perambulate

[D.J.:pəˈræmbjəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:pəˈræmbjəˌlet]

vt.

穿过,走过,徘徊于,巡行

perambulation

n.

perambulation

[pəˌræmbjuˈleiʃən]

n.

巡视

perambulate

1. perambulate perambulates perambulating perambulated
When someone perambulates , they walk about for pleasure. (OLD-FASHIONED)
VB

2. perambulation perambulations

- It was time now to end our perambulation round Paris.

N-COUNT

per annum *

per annum
A particular amount per annum means that amount each year.

- ...a fee of £35 per annum...

- Kenya's population is growing at 4.1 per cent per annum.

ADV: amount ADV

per capita *

1. per capita
The per capita amount of something is the total amount of it in a country or area divided by the number of people in that country or area.

- They have the world's largest per capita income.

- The per capita consumption of alcohol has dropped over the past two years.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. per capita
Also an adverb.

- Ethiopia has almost the lowest oil consumption per capita in the world.

- This year Americans will eat about 40% more fresh apples per capita than the Japanese.

ADV: n ADV
= per head

perceive

[D.J.:pəˈsi:v]

[K.K.:pɚˈsiv]

vt.

感觉, 察觉, 理解

perceive **

1. perceive perceives perceiving perceived
If you perceive something, you see, notice, or realize it, especially when it is not obvious.

- A key task is to get pupils to perceive for themselves the relationship between success and effort.

- `Precisely what other problems do you perceive?' she asked.

VB

2. perceive perceives perceiving perceived
If you perceive someone or something as doing or being a particular thing, it is your opinion that they do this thing or that they are that thing.

- Stress is widely perceived as contributing to coronary heart disease.

- They strangely perceive television as entertainment.

VB

perceive

verb

1.

see

behold

discern

discover

espy

make out

note

notice

observe

recognize

spot

2.

understand

comprehend

gather

grasp

learn

realize

see

suss (out) slang

per cent *****

1. per cent
You use per cent to talk about amounts. For example, if an amount is 10 per cent (10%) of a larger amount, it is equal to 10 hundredths of the larger amount.

- 20 to 40 per cent of the voters are undecided.

- We aim to increase sales by 10 per cent.

- The area has an unemployment level of 40 per cent.

N-COUNT: num N, oft N of n The spelling percent is also used. Per cent is both the singular and the plural form.

2. per cent
Also an adjective.

- There has been a ten per cent increase in the number of new students arriving at polytechnics this year.

ADJ: ADJ n The spelling percent is also used. Per cent is both the singular and the plural form.

3. per cent
Also an adverb.

- ...its prediction that house prices will fall 5 per cent over the year...

- It's 50 per cent wool, 50 per cent acrylic.

ADV: ADV with v The spelling percent is also used. Per cent is both the singular and the plural form.

percentage

[D.J.:pəˈsentidʒ]

[K.K.:pɚˈsɛntɪdʒ]

n.

百分比, 百分率

比例

percentage ***

percentage percentages
A percentage is a fraction of an amount expressed as a particular number of hundredths of that amount.

- Only a few vegetable-origin foods have such a high percentage of protein.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

perceptibility

[pəˌseptəˈbiləti]

n.

可感知(性),可感觉(性),可察觉(性),可辨(性)

perceptible

[D.J.:pəˈseptəbəl]

[K.K.:pɚˈsɛptəbəl]

adj.

可感觉〔感受〕到的,可理解的,可认识的

perceptibility

n.

perceptibly

adv.

perceptibly

adv.

可察觉,可感觉

perceptible

1. perceptible
Something that is perceptible can only just be seen or noticed.

- Pasternak gave him a barely perceptible smile.

- There was a slight but perceptible air of neglect.

ADJ-GRADED
= discernible

2. perceptibly

- The tension was mounting perceptibly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

perceptible

adjective

visible

apparent

appreciable

clear

detectable

discernible

evident

noticeable

observable

obvious

recognizable

tangible

perception

[D.J.:pəˈsepʃən]

[K.K.:pɚˈsɛpʃən]

n.

感知(能力); 觉察(力)

认识, 观念, 看法

perception **

1. perception perceptions
Your perception of something is the way that you think about it or the impression you have of it.

- He is interested in is how our perceptions of death affect the way we live.

- ...their perception of foreigners.

N-COUNT: usu poss N, N of n

2. perception
Someone who has perception realizes or notices things that are not obvious.

- It did not require a great deal of perception to realise the interview was over.

N-UNCOUNT

3. perception perceptions
Perception is the recognition of things using your senses, especially the sense of sight.
N-COUNT: usu with supp

perception

noun

understanding

awareness

conception

consciousness

feeling

grasp

idea

impression

notion

sensation

sense

perceptive

[D.J.:pəˈseptɪv]

[K.K.:pɚˈsɛptɪv]

adj.

洞察力强的;敏锐的;理解力强的

perceptively

adv.

洞察力强地;敏锐地

perceptiveness

n.

洞察力强;敏锐;理解力

perceptive *

1. perceptive
If you describe a person or their remarks or thoughts as perceptive , you think that they are good at noticing or realizing things, especially things that are not obvious.

- He was one of the most perceptive US political commentators.

- ...a very perceptive critique of Wordsworth.

ADJ-GRADED approval

2. perceptively

- The stages in her love affair with Harry are perceptively written.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. perceptiveness

- The task I have in mind requires little more than perceptiveness and a good memory.

N-UNCOUNT

perceptive

adjective

observant

acute

alert

astute

aware

percipient

perspicacious

quick

sharp

perceptual

[D.J.:pəˈseptjuəl]

[K.K.:pɚˈsɛptʃuəl]

adj.

知觉的,有知觉的

perceptual

perceptual
Perceptual means relating to the way people interpret and understand what they see or notice. (FORMAL)

- Some children have more finely trained perceptual skills than others.

ADJ: ADJ n

perch

[D.J.:pə:tʃ]

[K.K.:pɚtʃ]

n.

栖息处, 栖枝, 栖木

高处, 较高的位置

鲈鱼

vi.

(鸟)飞落, 暂栖, 停留

vt. & vi.

(在较高处或物体边缘)坐着; 把…置于较高或危险处

perching

铲软

perch **

1. perch perches perching perched
If you perch on something, you sit down lightly on the very edge or tip of it.

- He lit a cigarette and perched on the corner of the desk.

- He perched himself on the side of the bed.

VB

2. perched

- She was perched on the edge of the sofa.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep/adv

3. perch perches perching perched
To perch somewhere means to be on the top or edge of something.

- ...the vast slums that perch precariously on top of the hills around which the city was built.

VB

4. perched

- St. John's is a small college perched high up in the hills.

- Frank's tinted glasses are perched precariously on his head.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep/adv

5. perch perches perching perched
If you perch something on something else, you put or balance it on the top or edge of that thing.

- The use of steel and concrete has allowed the builders to perch a light concrete dome on eight slender columns.

VB

6. perch perches perching perched
When a bird perches on something such as a branch or a wall, it lands on it and stands there.

- A blackbird flew down and perched on the parapet outside his window.

VB

7. perch perches
A perch is a short rod for a bird to stand on.
N-COUNT

8. perch perches
You can refer to a high place where someone is sitting as their perch .
N-COUNT: usu poss N

9. perch
If someone is knocked off their perch , they are no longer admired or no longer thought of as important or clever.

- There is a trend for knocking public-school headmasters and headmistresses off their perches.

PHR: V inflects

10. perch perches
A perch is an edible fish. There are several kinds of perch. The form perch is used for both singular and plural.
N-COUNT

perch

noun

1.

resting place

branch

pole

post

verb

2.

sit

alight

balance

land

rest

roost

settle

perchance

[D.J.:pə(:)ˈtʃɑ:ns]

[K.K.:pɚˈtʃæns]

adv.

偶然,恐怕

perchance

perchance
Perchance means perhaps . (OLD-FASHIONED, LITERARY)
ADV: ADV with group/cl

percolate

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:kəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpə..kəˌlet]

vi.

①滤,渗透

(思想等)渗透,渗入

vt.

(用渗滤壶)煮(咖啡)

渗滤

percolation

n.

percolating

[ˈpə:kəleitiŋ]

n.

渗透

percolation

[ˌpə:kəˈleiʃən]

n.

过滤,浸透

percolate

1. percolate percolates percolating percolated
If an idea, feeling, or piece of information percolates through a group of people or a thing, it spreads slowly through the group or thing.

- New fashions took a long time to percolate down.

- ...all of these thoughts percolated through my mind.

VB
= filter

2. percolate percolates percolating percolated
When you percolate coffee or when coffee percolates , you prepare it in a percolator.

- She percolated the coffee and put croissants in the oven to warm.

V-ERG

3. percolate percolates percolating percolated
To percolate somewhere means to pass slowly through something that has very small holes or gaps in it.

- Rain water will only percolate through slowly.

VB

percolator

[D.J.:ˈpə:kəleitə]

[K.K.:ˈpɚkəˌletɚ]

n.

过滤器,抽出器

percolator

percolator percolators
A percolator is a piece of equipment for making and serving coffee, in which steam passes through crushed coffee beans.
N-COUNT

percussion

[D.J.:pəˈkʌʃən]

[K.K.:pɚˈkʌʃən]

n.

打击(乐器组)

percussionist

n.

打击乐器演奏者

percussion instrument

<音>打击乐器

percussion lock

<军>击发装置

percussionist

[D.J.:pəˈkʌʃənɪst]

[K.K.:pɚˈkʌʃənɪst]

n.

打击乐器演奏者

percussion *

percussion
Percussion instruments are musical instruments that you hit, such as drums.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

percussion

noun

impact

blow

bump

clash

collision

crash

knock

smash

thump

percussionist

percussionist percussionists
A percussionist is a person who plays percussion instruments such as drums.
N-COUNT

percussive

[D.J.:pə:ˈkʌsiv]

[K.K.:pɚˈkʌsɪv]

adj.

敲击的

percussive

percussive
Percussive sounds are like the sound of drums.

- ...using all manner of percussive effects.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

per diem

per diem
A per diem is an amount of money that someone is given to cover their daily expenses while they are working. (mainly AM)

- He received a per diem allowance to cover his travel expenses.

N-SING: oft N n

perdition

[D.J.:pə:ˈdiʃən]

[K.K.:pɚˈdɪʃən]

n.

毁灭

perdition

perdition
If you say that someone is on the road to perdition , you mean that their behaviour is likely to lead them to failure and disaster. (LITERARY)
N-UNCOUNT: usu prep N

peregrine falcon

peregrine falcon peregrine falcons
A peregrine falcon or a peregrine is a bird of prey.
N-COUNT

peremptorily

adv.

紧急地,不容分说地,专横地

peremptory

[D.J.:pəˈremptəri:]

[K.K.:pəˈrɛmptəri]

adj.

断然的,不容置辩的,强制的

傲慢的,专横的,独断的

peremptorily

adv.

peremptory

1. peremptory
Someone who does something in a peremptory way does it in a way that shows that they expect to be obeyed immediately. (FORMAL)

- With a brief, almost peremptory gesture he pointed to a chair.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

2. peremptorily

- `Hello!' the voice said, more peremptorily. `Who is it? Who do you want?'

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

peremptory

adjective

1.

imperative

absolute

binding

compelling

decisive

final

obligatory

2.

imperious

authoritative

bossy informal

dictatorial

dogmatic

domineering

overbearing

perennial

[D.J.:pəˈreni:əl]

[K.K.:pəˈrɛniəl]

adj.

经常出现的;长期的;持久的

perennially

adv.

经常出现地;长期地;持久地

perennially

adv.

永久地

perennial **

1. perennial
You use perennial to describe situations or states that keep occurring or which seem to exist all the time; used especially to describe problems or difficulties.

- ...the perennial urban problems of drugs and homelessness...

- There's a perennial shortage of teachers with science qualifications.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= constant continual

2. perennially

- Both services are perennially short of staff.

ADV: usu ADV adj

3. perennial
A perennial plant lives for several years and has flowers each year.

- ...a perennial herb with greenish-yellow flowers.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. perennial perennials
Also a noun.

- ...a low-growing perennial.

N-COUNT

perennial

adjective

lasting

abiding

constant

continual

enduring

incessant

persistent

recurrent

perestroika

[D.J.:periˈstrɔikə]

[K.K.:ˌpɛrɪˈstrɔɪkə, pjɛrjɪˈstrɔɪkɑ]

n.

(前苏联经济政治体制)重建, 改革(政策)

perestroika **

perestroika
Perestroika is a term which was used to describe the changing political and social structure of the former Soviet Union during the late 1980s.
N-UNCOUNT

perfect

[D.J.:ˈpə:fikt]

[K.K.:ˈpɚfɪkt]

adj.

完美的, 完善的, 理想的

完整的; 完好无损的; 无缺陷的

完全的, 绝对的

正确的, 精确的

[pəˈfekt]

vt.

使…完美; 改善

perfect ****

1. perfect
Something that is perfect is as good as it could possibly be.

- He spoke perfect English.

- Hiring a nanny has turned out to be the perfect solution.

- It's a perfect example of a house reflecting the person who lives there.

- Nobody is perfect.

ADJ-GRADED
practice makes perfect : see practice .

2. perfect
If you say that something is perfect for a particular person, thing, or activity, you are emphasizing that it is very suitable for them or for that activity.

- Carpet tiles are perfect for kitchens because they're easy to take up and wash.

- So this could be the perfect time to buy a home.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ for n emphasis
= ideal

3. perfect
If an object or surface is perfect , it does not have any marks on it, or does not have any lumps, hollows, or cracks in it.

- Use only clean, Grade A, perfect eggs.

- ...their perfect white teeth.

ADJ
= flawless

4. perfect
You can use perfect to give emphasis to the noun following it.

- She was a perfect fool.

- Some people are always coming up to perfect strangers and asking them what they do.

- What he had said to her made perfect sense.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= complete

5. perfect perfects perfecting perfected
If you perfect something, you improve it so that it becomes as good as it can possibly be.

- We perfected a hand-signal system so that he could keep me informed of hazards.

- I removed the fibroid tumours, using the techniques that I have perfected.

- ...girls who needed to perfect their English.

VB

6. perfect
The perfect tenses of a verb are the ones used to talk about things that happened or began before a particular time, as in `He's already left' and `They had always liked her'. The present perfect tense is sometimes called the perfect tense.
ADJ: ADJ n
See also future , present perfect , past perfect .

perfect

adjective

1.

complete

absolute

consummate

entire

finished

full

sheer

unmitigated

utter

whole

2.

faultless

flawless

immaculate

impeccable

pure

spotless

unblemished

3.

excellent

ideal

splendid

sublime

superb

superlative

supreme

4.

exact

accurate

correct

faithful

precise

true

unerring

verb

5.

improve

develop

polish

refine

6.

accomplish

achieve

carry out

complete

finish

fulfil

perform

perfection

[D.J.:pəˈfekʃən]

[K.K.:pɚˈfɛkʃən]

n.

完美; 完善

perfection **

1. perfection
Perfection is the quality of being as good as it is possible for something of a particular kind to be.

- His quest for perfection is relentless.

- Physical perfection in a human being is exceedingly rare.

N-UNCOUNT

2. perfection
If you say that something is perfection , you mean that you think it is as good as it could possibly be.

- The house and garden were perfection.

N-UNCOUNT

3. perfection
The perfection of something such as a skill, system, or product involves making it as good as it could possibly be.

- Madame Clicquot is credited with the perfection of this technique.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n

4. perfection
If something is done to perfection , it is done so well that it could not be done any better.

- Like the old trouper he is, he timed his entry to perfection.

- ...fresh fish, cooked to perfection.

PHR: PHR after v

perfection

noun

1.

completeness

maturity

2.

purity

integrity

perfectness

wholeness

3.

excellence

exquisiteness

sublimity

superiority

4.

exactness

faultlessness

precision

perfectionism

[D.J.:pəˈfekʃəniz(ə)m]

[K.K.:pɚˈfɛkʃəˌnɪzəm]

n.

十全十美主义,至善论

perfectionism

perfectionism
Perfectionism is the attitude or behaviour of a perfectionist.
N-UNCOUNT

perfectionist

[D.J.:pəˈfekʃɵnɪst]

n.

完美主义者

perfectionist *

perfectionist perfectionists
Someone who is a perfectionist refuses to do or accept anything that is not as good as it could possibly be.
N-COUNT

perfectionist

noun

stickler

precisionist

purist

perfectly

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:fɪktli:]

[K.K.:ˈpə..fɪktli]

adv.

完美地;理想地

完全地;十足地

know sth perfectly well

非常清楚；完全明白

perfectly ***

1. perfectly
You can use perfectly to emphasize an adjective or adverb, especially when you think the person you are talking to might doubt what you are saying.

- There's no reason why you can't have a perfectly normal child.

- They made it perfectly clear that it was pointless to go on.

- They are perfectly safe to eat.

- You know perfectly well what happened.

ADV: ADV adj/adv emphasis
= quite

2. perfectly
If something is done perfectly , it is done so well that it could not possibly be done better.

- This ambitious adaptation perfectly captures the spirit of Kurt Vonnegut's acclaimed novel.

- The system worked perfectly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. perfectly
If you describe something as perfectly good or acceptable, you are emphasizing that there is no reason to use or get something else, although other people may disagree.

- Bunbury, ignoring a perfectly good pedestrian crossing twenty yards further along, marched boldly out into the traffic.

ADV: ADV adj/adv emphasis

perfectly

adverb

1.

completely

absolutely

altogether

fully

quite

thoroughly

totally

utterly

wholly

2.

flawlessly

faultlessly

ideally

impeccably

superbly

supremely

wonderfully

perfect pitch

perfect pitch
Someone who has perfect pitch is able to identify or sing musical notes correctly.
N-UNCOUNT

perfidious

[D.J.:pəˈfɪdi:əs]

[K.K.:pɚˈfɪdiəs]

adj.

不诚实的;背信弃义的

perfidy

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:fɪdi:]

[K.K.:ˈpə..fɪdi]

n.

背信弃义,背叛,出卖

perfidious

adj.

perfidious

perfidious
If you describe someone as perfidious , you mean that they have betrayed someone or cannot be trusted. (LITERARY)

- Their feet will trample on the dead bodies of their perfidious aggressors.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= treacherous

perfidious

adjective Literary

treacherous

disloyal

double-dealing

traitorous

two-faced

unfaithful

perfidy

perfidy
Perfidy is the action of betraying someone or behaving very badly towards someone. (LITERARY)
N-UNCOUNT
= treachery

perforate

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:fəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpə..fəˌret]

vt.

穿孔于,在…上打眼

(在纸张等上)打齿孔〔孔眼线〕

perforation

n.

perforated

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:fəˌreɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈpɚfəˌretɪd]

穿孔的,凿孔的

perforating

穿孔性的

perforation

[D.J.:ˌpɜ:fəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌpə..fəˈreʃən]

n.

穿孔;贯穿

针孔;齿孔

perforate

1. perforate perforates perforating perforated
To perforate something means to make a hole or holes in it.

- I refused to wear headphones because they can perforate your eardrums.

VB

2. perforated

- Keep good apples in perforated polythene bags.

ADJ: ADJ n

perforate

verb

pierce

bore

drill

penetrate

punch

puncture

perforations

齿孔

perforation

perforation perforations
Perforations are small holes that are made in something, especially in paper.

- From the perforations on the sides of the paper, she could tell the letter had been written on a computer.

- When held to the light the small oblong leaves are seen to possess tiny perforations.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= holes

perforce

[D.J.:pəˈfɔ:s]

[K.K.:pɚˈfɔrs, -ˈfors]

adv.

必然, 必要地, 不得已

perforce

perforce
Perforce is used to indicate that something happens or is the case because it cannot be prevented or avoided. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- The war in 1939 perforce ushered in an era of more grime and drabness.

ADV: ADV with cl, ADV with v

perform

[D.J.:pəˈfɔ:m]

[K.K.:pɚˈfɔrm]

vt. & vi.

执行; 履行

表演; 扮演

performing

[D.J.:pəˈfɔ:mɪŋ]

[K.K.:pɚˈfɔrmɪŋ]

adj.

表演的, 履行的

perform ****

1. perform performs performing performed
When you perform a task or action, especially a complicated one, you do it.

- We're looking for people of all ages who have performed outstanding acts of bravery, kindness or courage.

- His council had had to perform miracles on a tiny budget.

- Several grafts may be performed at one operation.

VB

2. perform performs performing performed
If something performs a particular function, it has that function.

- A complex engine has many separate components, each performing a different function.

VB

3. perform performs performing performed
If you perform a play, a piece of music, or a dance, you do it in front of an audience.

- Gardiner has pursued relentlessly high standards in performing classical music.

- This play was first performed in 411 BC.

- He began performing in the early fifties, singing and playing guitar.

VB

4. perform performs performing performed
If someone or something performs well , they work well or achieve a good result. If they perform badly , they work badly or achieve a poor result.

- He had not performed well in his exams.

- England performed so well against France at Wembley.

- `State-owned industries will always perform poorly,' John Moore informed readers.

- When there's snow and ice, how's this car going to perform?

VB

perform

verb

1.

carry out

accomplish

achieve

complete

discharge

do

execute

fulfil

pull off

work

2.

present

act

enact

play

produce

put on

represent

stage

performance

[D.J.:pəˈfɔ:məns]

[K.K.:pɚˈfɔrməns]

n.

演出, 表演

履行, 执行

表现, 行为, 成就

性能, 工作情况

performance ****

1. performance performances
A performance involves entertaining an audience by doing something such as singing, dancing, or acting.

- Inside the theatre, they were giving a performance of Bizet's Carmen.

- ...her performance as the betrayed Medea...

- The Festival Of Asian Arts & Music will include two days of live performances.

N-COUNT

2. performance performances
Someone's or something's performance is how successful they are or how well they do something.

- That study looked at the performance of 18 surgeons.

- The poor performance has been blamed on the recession and cheaper sports car imports.

- The job of the new director-general was to ensure that performance targets were met.

N-VAR: oft with poss

3. performance
A car's performance is its ability to go fast and to increase its speed quickly.
N-UNCOUNT

4. performance
A performance car is one that can go very fast and can increase its speed very quickly.
ADJ: ADJ n
See also high-performance .

5. performance
The performance of a task is the fact or action of doing it.

- He devoted in excess of seventy hours a week to the performance of his duties.

- The people believe that the performance of this ritual is the will of the Great Spirit.

N-SING: usu the N of n

6. performance
You can describe something that is or looks complicated or difficult to do as a performance . (INFORMAL)

- The whole process is quite a performance.

- She made a big performance of sprinkling all the spices on.

N-SING: usu a N

performance

noun

1.

carrying out

accomplishment

achievement

act

completion

execution

fulfilment

work

2.

presentation

acting

appearance

exhibition

gig informal

play

portrayal

production

show

performance art

performance art
Performance art is a theatrical presentation that includes various art forms such as dance, music, painting, and sculpture.
N-UNCOUNT

performer

[D.J.:pəˈfɔ:mə(r)]

[K.K.: pɚˈfɔrmɚ]

n.

演出者;演奏者;表演者

履行者;执行者;完成者

performer **

1. performer performers
A performer is a person who acts, sings, or does other entertainment in front of audiences.

- A performer in evening dress plays classical selections on the violin.

N-COUNT

2. performer performers
You can use performer when describing someone or something in a way that indicates how well they do a particular thing.

- Until 1987, Canada's industry had been the star performer.

- He is a world class performer.

N-COUNT: supp N

performer

noun

artiste

actor or actress

player

Thespian

trouper

performing arts

performing arts
Dance, drama, music, and other forms of entertainment that are usually performed live in front of an audience are referred to as the performing arts .
N-PLURAL: usu the N

perfume

[D.J.:ˈpə:fju:m]

[K.K.:ˈpɚˌfjum, pɚˈfjum]

n.

香气, 芳香

香水

vt.

使充满香气

喷香水于

perfumed

香味的

perfume **

1. perfume perfumes
Perfume is a pleasant-smelling liquid which women put on their skin to make themselves smell nice.

- The hall smelled of her mother's perfume.

- ...a bottle of perfume.

- ...the manufacture of soaps and perfumes.

N-MASS
= scent

2. perfume perfumes
Perfume is the ingredient that is added to some products to make them smell nice.

- ...a delicate white soap without perfume.

- ...a perfume for skin creams.

N-MASS

3. perfume perfumes
The perfume of something is the pleasant smell it has. (LITERARY)

- ...the perfume of roses...

- There were two lemon trees and I paused to enjoy their perfume.

N-COUNT: with poss
= fragrance

4. perfume perfumes perfuming perfumed
If the smell of something perfumes a place or area, it makes it smell nice. (LITERARY)

- Flowers started to perfume the air.

- As they bake, they perfume the whole house with the aroma of apples and spices.

- ...gardens perfumed with jasmine.

VB

5. perfume perfumes perfuming perfumed
If something is used to perfume a product, it is added to the product to make it smell nice.

- The oil is used to flavour and perfume soaps, foam baths, and scents.

- ...shower gel perfumed with the popular Paris fragrance.

VB

perfumed *

1. perfumed
Something such as fruit or wine that is perfumed has a sweet pleasant smell.

- Champenois wines can be particularly fragrant and perfumed.

- ...sweetly perfumed, creamy yellow flowers.

ADJ-GRADED

2. perfumed
Perfumed things have a sweet pleasant smell, either naturally or because perfume has been added to them.

- She opened the perfumed envelope.

- ...perfumed roses.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= scented

perfume

noun

fragrance

aroma

bouquet

odour

scent

smell

perfumery

[D.J.:pə:ˈfju:məri]

[K.K.:pɚˈfjuməri]

n.

香料店

perfumery

1. perfumery
Perfumery is the activity or business of producing perfume.

- ...the perfumery trade...

- Provence is the home of perfumery.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. perfumery perfumeries
A perfumery is a shop or a department in a store where perfume is the main product that is sold.

- ...a perfumery called Bayley's of Bond Street.

- ...the perfumery department.

N-COUNT

perfunctorily

[D.J.:pəˈf ʌ ŋktərɪlɪ]

[K.K.:pɚˈf ʌ ŋktərɪlɪ]

adv.

敷衍地,马虎地,随便地,得过且过地

perfunctory

[D.J.:pəˈfʌŋktəri:]

[K.K.:pɚˈfʌŋktəri]

adj.

敷衍的,马虎的,例行公事的

肤浅的,浅薄的

perfunctorily

adv.

perfunctory

1. perfunctory
A perfunctory action is done quickly and carelessly, and shows a lack of interest in what you are doing.

- She gave the list only a perfunctory glance.

- ...a perfunctory handshake...

- Our interest was purely perfunctory.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. perfunctorily

- Melina was perfunctorily introduced to the men.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

perfunctory

adjective

offhand

cursory

heedless

indifferent

mechanical

routine

sketchy

superficial

pergola

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:gələ]

[K.K.:ˈpə..ɡələ]

n.

凉亭,藤架,(藤架等底下的)小径

pergola

pergola pergolas
In a garden, a pergola is an arch or a structure with a roof over which climbing plants can be grown.
N-COUNT

perhaps

[D.J.:pəˈhæps]

[K.K.:pɚˈhæps]

adv.

或许, 大概, 可能

perhaps *****

1. perhaps
You use perhaps to express uncertainty, for example, when you do not know that something is definitely true, or when you are mentioning something that may possibly happen in the future in the way you describe.

- Millson regarded her thoughtfully. Perhaps she was right.

- In the end they lose millions, perhaps billions.

- He does not paint for very long on any one painting, perhaps for two and a half hours at a time.

- It was bulky, perhaps three feet long and almost as high.

- Perhaps, in time, the message will get through.

- They'd come soon, perhaps when the radio broadcast was over.

ADV: ADV with cl/group vagueness
= possibly maybe ≠ definitely

2. perhaps
You use perhaps in opinions and remarks to make them appear less definite or more polite.

- Perhaps the most important lesson to be learned is that you simply cannot please everyone.

- His very last paintings are perhaps the most puzzling.

- The lesson from all of this is perhaps a broader one.

- Do you perhaps disapprove of Agatha Christie and her Poirot and Miss Marple?.

- He was not perhaps physically the strongest in the class.

ADV: ADV with cl/group vagueness

3. perhaps
You use perhaps when you are making suggestions or giving advice. Perhaps is also used in formal English to introduce requests.

- Perhaps I may be permitted a few suggestions.

- Well, perhaps you'll come and see us at our place?.

- Perhaps if you rang me when you got back to your office?

ADV: ADV with cl politeness

4. perhaps
You can say perhaps as a response to a question or remark, when you do not want to agree or accept, but think that it would be rude to disagree or refuse.

- `You know it doesn't make sense for you.' --- `Perhaps. I don't know. Maybe it does maybe it doesn't.'.

- `I'm sure we can make it,' he says. Perhaps, but it will not be easy.

ADV: ADV as reply

perhaps

adverb

maybe

conceivably

feasibly

it may be

perchance archaic

possibly

peril

[D.J.:ˈperil]

[K.K.:ˈpɛrəl]

n.

极大危险

危险的事(或环境)

peril *

1. peril perils
Perils are great dangers. (FORMAL)

- ...the perils of the sea...

- In spite of great peril, I have survived.

- We are in the gravest peril.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= danger

2. peril perils
The perils of a particular activity or course of action are the dangers or problems it may involve.

- ...the perils of starring in a television commercial.

N-PLURAL: with poss

3. peril
If you say that someone does something at their peril , you are warning them that they will probably suffer as a result of doing it.

- Ignore it at your peril.

- Anyone who breaks the law does so at their peril.

PHR: PHR after v

peril

noun

danger

hazard

jeopardy

menace

risk

uncertainty

perilous

[D.J.:ˈperələs]

[K.K.:ˈpɛrələs]

adj.

危险的;冒险的

perilously

[D.J.:ˈperɪləslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈp ɛrɪləslɪ]

adv.

充满危险地,危机四伏地

perilous *

1. perilous
Something that is perilous is very dangerous. (LITERARY)

- ...a perilous journey across the war-zone...

- The road grew even steeper and more perilous.

- ...perilous cliffs.

ADJ-GRADED
= dangerous

2. perilously

- The track snaked perilously upwards.

- ...a perilously narrow bridge.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV adj

perilous

adjective

dangerous

hazardous

precarious

risky

threatening

unsafe

perimeter

[D.J.:pəˈrɪmɪtə]

[K.K.:pəˈrɪmɪtɚ]

n.

周边;周围;边缘

perimeter *

perimeter perimeters
The perimeter of an area of land is the whole of its outer edge or boundary.

- ...the perimeter of the airport...

- Officers dressed in riot gear are surrounding the perimeter fence.

N-COUNT

perimeter

noun

boundary

ambit

border

bounds

circumference

confines

edge

limit

margin

periphery

perinatal

[D.J.:ˌperiˈneitl]

[K.K.:ˌpɛrəˈnetl]

adj.

围产期的

perinatal

perinatal
Perinatal deaths, problems, or experiences happen at the time of birth or soon after the time of birth. (MEDICAL)

- Premature birth is the main cause of perinatal mortality.

ADJ: ADJ n

period

[D.J.:ˈpiəriəd]

[K.K.:ˈpɪriəd]

n.

(一段)时间

时期, 时代

学时, 课时

句号, 句点

periods

n.

周期

period ****

1. period periods
A period is a length of time.

- This crisis might last for a long period of time.

- ...a period of a few months.

- ...for a limited period only.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. period periods
A period in the life of a person, organization, or society is a length of time which is remembered for a particular situation or activity.

- ...a period of economic good health and expansion...

- He went through a period of wanting to be accepted.

- The South African years were his most creative period.

N-COUNT: with supp
= phase

3. period periods
A particular length of time in history is sometimes called a period . For example, you can talk about the Victorian period or the Elizabethan period in Britain.

- ...the Roman period...

- No reference to their existence appears in any literature of the period.

- ...the most difficult periods of history.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. period
Period costumes, furniture, and instruments were made at an earlier time in history, or look as if they were made then.

- ...dressed in full period costume.

- ...replicas of period instruments.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. period periods
Exercise, training, or study periods are lengths of time that are set aside for exercise, training, or study.

- They accompanied him during his exercise periods.

N-COUNT: usu n N

6. period periods
At a school or college, a period is one of the parts that the day is divided into during which lessons or other activities take place.

- ...periods of private study.

- ...taking his scripts to school in order to learn the lines in free periods.

N-COUNT

7. period periods
When a woman has a period , she bleeds from her womb. This usually happens once a month, unless she is pregnant.
N-COUNT

8. period
Some people say period after stating a fact or opinion when they want to emphasize that they are definite about something and do not want to discuss it further.

- I don't want to do it, period.

ADV: cl ADV emphasis
= full stop

9. period periods
A period is the punctuation mark (.) which you use at the end of a sentence when it is not a question or an exclamation. (AM; in BRIT use full stop )
N-COUNT
= full stop

period

noun

time

interval

season

space

span

spell

stretch

term

while

periodic

[D.J.:ˌpiəriˈɔdik]

[K.K.:ˌpɪriˈɑdɪk]

adj.

周期的; 定期的, 定期发生的

periodic *

periodic
Periodic events or situations happen occasionally, at fairly regular intervals.

- Periodic checks are taken to ensure that high standards are maintained.

- ...periodic bouts of illness.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= periodical

periodic

adjective

recurrent

cyclical

intermittent

occasional

regular

repeated

sporadic

periodical

[D.J.:ˌpiəriˈɔdikəl]

[K.K.:ˌpɪriˈɑdɪkəl]

n.

期刊

periodically

[D.J.:pɪərɪˈ ɔdɪklɪ]

[K.K.:pɪrɪˈ ɑdɪklɪ]

adv.

周期性地

定期地;偶尔

periodical *

1. periodical periodicals
Periodicals are magazines, especially serious or academic ones, that are published at regular intervals.

- The walls would be lined with books and periodicals.

- ...a monthly periodical.

N-COUNT

2. periodical
Periodical events or situations happen occasionally, at fairly regular intervals.

- She made periodical visits to her dentist.

- ...periodical screening for cancer.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= periodic

3. periodically

- Meetings are held periodically to monitor progress on the case.

- Police were periodically patrolling the area.

ADV: ADV with v

periodical

noun

publication

journal

magazine

monthly

paper

quarterly

weekly

periodic table

periodic table
In chemistry, the periodic table is a table showing the chemical elements arranged according to their atomic numbers.
N-SING: the N

periodontal

[D.J.:ˌperiəuˈdɔntl]

[K.K.:ˌpɛriəˈdɑntl]

adj.

牙齿周围的,齿根膜的

periodontal

periodontal
Periodontal disease is disease of the gums. (TECHNICAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

period pain

period pain period pains
Period pain is the pain that some women have when they have a monthly period.
N-VAR

period piece

period piece period pieces
A period piece is a play, book, or film that is set at a particular time in history and describes life at that time.
N-COUNT

peripatetic

[D.J.:ˌperəpəˈtetɪk]

[K.K.:ˌpɛrəpəˈtɛtɪk]

adj.

(教师)在多所学校兼课的

徒步游历的,漫游的

巡回的,巡游的

peripatetic

peripatetic
If someone has a peripatetic life or career, they travel around a lot, living or working in places for short periods of time. (FORMAL)

- Her father was in the army and the family led a peripatetic existence.

- ...a hectic, peripatetic life full of people and parties.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

peripheral

[D.J.:pəˈrɪfərəl]

[K.K.:pəˈrɪfərəl]

adj.

非本质的;非主要的, 次要的, 外围的

周围的, 边缘的

n.

(计算机的)外围设备, 周边设备

peripherally

adv.

外围地,外面地

peripheral *

1. peripheral
A peripheral activity or issue is one which is not very important compared with other activities or issues.

- Companies are increasingly keen to contract out peripheral activities like training.

- ...peripheral and boring information...

- Science is peripheral to that debate.

ADJ-GRADED

2. peripherally

- The Marshall Plan did not include Britain, except peripherally.

ADV-GRADED

3. peripheral
Peripheral areas of land are ones which are on the edge of a larger area.

- ...peripheral regions beyond the reach of powerful rulers.

- ...urban development in the outer peripheral areas of large towns.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. peripheral peripherals
Peripherals are devices that can be attached to computers. (TECHNICAL)

- ...peripherals to expand the use of our computers.

- ... peripheral products for the basic computer.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N n

peripheral

adjective

1.

incidental

inessential

irrelevant

marginal

minor

secondary

unimportant

2.

outermost

exterior

external

outer

outside

periphery

[D.J.:pəˈrɪfəri:]

[K.K.:pəˈrɪfəri]

n.

外围;边缘

<解>(神经)末梢周围

periphery *

1. periphery peripheries
If something is on the periphery of an area, place, or thing, it is on the edge of it. (FORMAL)

- Geographically, the UK is on the periphery of Europe, while Paris is at the heart of the continent.

- Taste buds are concentrated at the tip and rear of the tongue and around its periphery.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= edge

2. periphery peripheries
The periphery of a subject or area of interest is the part of it that is not considered to be as important or basic as the main part.

- The sociological study of religion moved from the centre to the periphery of sociology.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

periscope

[D.J.:ˈperɪˌskəʊp]

[K.K.:ˈpɛrɪˌskop]

n.

潜望镜

periscope

periscope periscopes
A periscope is a vertical tube which people inside submarines can look through to see above the surface of the water.
N-COUNT

perish

[D.J.:ˈperiʃ]

[K.K.:ˈpɛrɪʃ]

vi.

丧生; 消亡; 死亡

损坏, 腐烂

perishing

[D.J.:ˈperɪʃɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpɛrɪʃɪŋ]

adj.

(饥、寒等)令人极难受的；冷极的

<英><俚>讨厌的，该死的

adv.

<英><俚>该死地

perish *

1. perish perishes perishing perished
If people or animals perish , they die as a result of very harsh conditions or as the result of an accident. (WRITTEN)

- Most of the butterflies perish in the first frosts of autumn.

- ...the ferry disaster in which 193 passengers perished.

VB
= die

2. perish perishes perishing perished
If something perishes , it comes to an end or is destroyed for ever. (WRITTEN)

- Buddhism had to adapt to the new world or perish.

- Civilizations do eventually decline and perish.

VB
= collapse

3. perish perishes perishing perished
If a substance or material perishes , it starts to fall to pieces and becomes useless. (mainly BRIT)

- Obviously the plaster's just perished and all fallen off.

- Their tyres are slowly perishing.

VB
= disintegrate

4. perished

- ...tattered pieces of ancient, perished leather.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

5. perish
If someone says perish the thought , they mean that they think that a suggestion or possibility is unpleasant or ridiculous.

- Me a policeman! Perish the thought!.

- We don't have a computer (perish the thought) and have only recently bought an electric typewriter.

CONVENTION feelings
= God forbid

perished

perished
If someone is perished , they are extremely cold. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I was absolutely perished.

- I was perished. No jacket, no torch, wet through, exhausted.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

perish

verb

1.

die

be killed

expire

lose one's life

pass away

2.

be destroyed

collapse

decline

disappear

fall

vanish

3.

rot

decay

decompose

disintegrate

moulder

waste

perishable

[D.J.:ˈperɪʃəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈpɛrɪʃəbəl]

adj.

易腐烂的,易腐败的

易毁灭的;易消亡的

n.

容易腐坏的东西(尤指食品)

perishable

perishable
Goods such as food that are perishable go bad after quite a short length of time.

- ...perishable food like fruit, vegetables and meat...

- Raw eggs are highly perishable and must be chilled before and after cooking.

ADJ

perishable

adjective

short-lived

decaying

decomposable

peritonitis

[D.J.:ˌperitəˈnaitis]

[K.K.:ˌpɛrɪtnˈaɪtɪs]

n.

腹膜炎

peritonitis

peritonitis
Peritonitis is a disease in which the inside wall of your abdomen becomes swollen and very painful. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

periwinkle

[D.J.:ˈperɪˌwɪŋkəl]

[K.K.:ˈpɛrɪˌwɪŋkəl]

n.

长春花

玉黍螺(食用海螺)

periwinkle

1. periwinkle periwinkles
Periwinkle is a plant that grows along the ground and has blue flowers.
N-VAR

2. periwinkle periwinkles
Periwinkles are small sea snails that can be eaten.
N-COUNT
= winkle

perjure

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:dʒə]

[K.K.:ˈpə..dʒɚ]

vt.

发假誓,作伪证

perjurer

n.

perjured

[ˈpə:dʒəd]

adj.

伪证的,犯伪证罪的

perjurer

[ˈpə:dʒərə]

n.

伪誓者,伪证者

perjure

perjure perjures perjuring perjured
If someone perjures themselves in a court of law, they lie, even though they have promised to tell the truth.

- Witnesses lied and perjured themselves.

- She would rather perjure herself than admit to her sins.

VB

perjured

perjured
In a court of law, perjured evidence or perjured testimony is a false statement of events.

- The judgment depended on information that was based on perjured testimony.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

perjure

verb Criminal law

perjure oneself

commit perjury

bear false witness

forswear

give false testimony

lie under oath

swear falsely

perjury

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:dʒəri:]

[K.K.:ˈpə..dʒəri]

n.

假誓,伪证,伪证罪

perjury

perjury
If someone who is giving evidence in a court of law commits perjury , they lie. (LEGAL)

- This witness has committed perjury and no reliance can be placed on her evidence.

- ...charges of perjury.

N-UNCOUNT

perjury

noun

lying under oath

bearing false witness

false statement

forswearing

giving false testimony

perk

[D.J.:pɜ:k]

[K.K.:pə..k]

vt. & vi.

高兴起来;活跃起来

perk up

(使)活跃，高兴，振奋

(使)增值；上扬；增加

使更有趣；使更诱人

n.

额外津贴;附带福利;外快

perk *

perk perks
Perks are special benefits that are given to people who have a particular job or belong to a particular group.

- ...a company car, private medical insurance and other perks...

- One of the perks of being a student is cheap travel.

N-COUNT: usu pl

perk

noun Brit. informal

bonus

benefit

extra

fringe benefit

perquisite

plus

perk up *

1. perk up perks up; perking up; perked up
If something perks you up or if you perk up , you become cheerful and lively, after feeling tired, bored, or depressed.

- He perks up and jokes with them.

- ...suggestions to make you smile and perk you up.

PHR-V-ERG

2. perk up perks up; perking up; perked up
If you perk something up , you make it more interesting.

- To make the bland taste more interesting, the locals began perking it up with local produce.

- Psychological twists perk up an otherwise predictable story line.

PHR-V

3. perk up perks up; perking up; perked up
If sales, prices, or economies perk up , or if something perks them up , they begin to increase or improve. (JOURNALISM)

- House prices could perk up during the autumn.

- Anything that could save the company money and perk up its cash flow was examined.

PHR-V-ERG

perky

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:ki:]

[K.K.:ˈpə..ki]

adj.

得意扬扬的;神气的

活泼的;有生气的

漂亮的

perky

perky perkier perkiest
If someone is perky , they are cheerful and lively.

- He wasn't quite as perky as normal.

- She had a perky, independent spirit.

ADJ-GRADED

perm

[D.J.:pɜ:m]

[K.K.:pə..m]

n.

烫发, 冷烫

vt.

烫发, 冷烫

perm *

1. perm perms
If you have a perm , your hair is curled and treated with chemicals so that it stays curly for several months. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use permanent )
N-COUNT

2. perm perms perming permed
When a hair stylist perms someone's hair, they curl it and treat it with chemicals so that it stays curly for several months.

- Her cousin, a hairdresser, was perming her hair as a special treat.

- She had her hair permed.

VB

3. permed

- ...dry, damaged or permed hair.

ADJ

permafrost

[D.J.:ˈpə:məfrɔst]

[K.K.:ˈpɚməˌfrɔst, -ˌfrɑst]

n.

(如极地的)永久冻土

permafrost

permafrost
Permafrost is land that is permanently frozen to a great depth.
N-UNCOUNT

permanence

[D.J.:ˈpə:mənəns]

[K.K.:ˈpɚmənəns]

n.

永久,持久

permanency

[D.J.:ˈpə:mənənsi]

[K.K.:ˈpɚmənənsi]

n.

恒久的人[物、地位],永存

permanent

[D.J.:ˈpə:mənənt]

[K.K.:ˈpɚmənənt]

adj.

永久(性)的, 固定的

permanently

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:mənəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpə..mənəntlɪ]

adv.

永久地;长期不变地

permanent ***

1. permanent
Something that is permanent lasts for ever.

- Heavy drinking can cause permanent damage to the brain.

- ...a permanent solution to the problem...

- The ban is intended to be permanent.

ADJ
≠ temporary

2. permanently

- His reason had been permanently affected by what he had witnessed.

- The only way to lose weight permanently is to completely change your attitudes toward food.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj
≠ temporarily

3. permanence

- Anything which threatens the permanence of the treaty is a threat to stability and to peace.

N-UNCOUNT

4. permanency

- They gradually realized the permanency of their condition.

N-UNCOUNT

5. permanent
You use permanent to describe situations or states that keep occurring or which seem to exist all the time; used especially to describe problems or difficulties.

- ...a permanent state of tension...

- They feel under permanent threat.

- There was a permanent 20-yard queue for the portable toilets.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= constant

6. permanently

- ...the heavy, permanently locked gate.

ADV
= constantly

7. permanent
A permanent employee is one who is employed for an unlimited length of time.

- At the end of the probationary period you will become a permanent employee.

- ...a permanent job.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ temporary

8. permanently

- ...permanently employed registered dockers.

ADV: ADV with v

9. permanent
Your permanent home or your permanent address is the one at which you spend most of your time or the one that you return to after having stayed in other places.

- York Cottage was as near to a permanent home as the children knew.

- They had no permanent address.

ADJ: ADJ n

10. permanent permanents
A permanent is a treatment where a hair stylist curls your hair and treats it with a chemical so that it stays curly for several months. (AM; in BRIT use perm )
N-COUNT

permanence

noun

continuity

constancy

continuance

durability

endurance

finality

indestructibility

perpetuity

stability

permanent

adjective

lasting

abiding

constant

enduring

eternal

everlasting

immutable

perpetual

persistent

stable

steadfast

unchanging

permanent wave

permanent wave permanent waves
A permanent wave is the same as a perm . (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT
= perm

permeability

[D.J.:ˌpə:miəˈbiliti]

[K.K.:ˌpɚmiəˈbɪlɪti]

n.

渗透性

permeable

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:mi:əbəl]

[K.K.:ˈpə..miəbəl]

adj.

可渗透的,具渗透性的

permeability

n.

permeable

1. permeable
If a substance is permeable , something such as water or gas can pass through it or soak into it.

- A number of products have been developed which are permeable to air and water.

ADJ-GRADED
= porous ≠ impermeable

2. permeability

- ...ingenious devices for adjusting the permeability of the exterior wall.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ impermeability

permeate

[D.J.:ˈpə:mieit]

[K.K.:ˈpɚmiˌet]

vt. & vi.

弥漫, 遍布, 散布

渗入, 渗透

permeate *

1. permeate permeates permeating permeated
If an idea, feeling, or attitude permeates a system or permeates society, it affects every part of it or is present throughout it.

- Bias against women permeates every level of the judicial system.

- An obvious change of attitude at the top will permeate through the system.

VB

2. permeate permeates permeating permeated
If something permeates a place, it spreads throughout it.

- The smell of roast beef permeated the air.

- Eventually, the water will permeate through the surrounding concrete.

VB

permeate

verb

pervade

charge

fill

imbue

impregnate

infiltrate

penetrate

saturate

spread through

permissible

[D.J.:pəˈmisəbl]

[K.K.:pɚˈmɪsəbəl]

adj.

可允许的, 许可的

permissible *

permissible
If something is permissible , it is considered to be acceptable because it does not break any laws or rules.

- Religious practices are permissible under the Constitution.

- He said it was just not permissible to postpone the main issue by allowing business to carry on as usual.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ
≠ forbidden

permissible

adjective

permitted

acceptable

allowable

all right

authorized

lawful

legal

legitimate

O.K. or okay informal

permission

[D.J.:pəˈmiʃən]

[K.K.:pɚˈmɪʃən]

n.

允许, 许可, 准许

permission ***

1. permission
If someone who has authority over you gives you permission to do something, they say that they will allow you to do it.

- He asked permission to leave the room.

- Finally his mother relented and gave permission for her youngest son to marry.

- Police said permission for the march had not been granted.

- They cannot leave the country without permission.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to-inf, N for n to-inf, N for n

2. permission permissions
A permission is a formal, written statement from an official group or place allowing you to do something.

- ...oil exploration permissions.

N-COUNT: usu pl
see also planning permission .

permission

noun

authorization

allowance

approval

assent

consent

dispensation

go-ahead informal

green light

leave

liberty

licence

sanction

permissive

[D.J.:pəˈmɪsɪv]

[K.K.:pɚˈmɪsɪv]

adj.

宽大的,放任的,宽容的;自由的,随意的

容许的,许可的

permissiveness

n.

permissive

1. permissive
A permissive person, society, or way of behaving allows or tolerates things which other people disapprove of.

- The call for law and order replaced the `permissive tolerance' of the 1960s.

- Single parents are more likely to be permissive.

ADJ-GRADED

2. permissiveness

- Permissiveness and democracy go together.

N-UNCOUNT

permissive

adjective

tolerant

easy-going

forbearing

free

indulgent

lax

lenient

liberal

permit

[D.J.:pəˈmit]

[K.K.:pɚˈmɪt]

vt. & vi.

允许; 许可

n.

许可

许可证, 执照

permit ***

1. permit permits permitting permitted
If someone permits something, they allow it to happen. If they permit you to do something, they allow you to do it. (WRITTEN, FORMAL)

- He can let the court's decision stand and permit the execution.

- The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder.

- Employees are permitted to use the golf course during their free hours.

- No outside journalists have been permitted into the country.

- If they appear to be under 12, then the doorman is not allowed to permit them entry to the film.

VB
= allow

2. permit permits
A permit is an official document which says that you may do something. For example you usually need a permit to work in a foreign country.

- The majority of foreign nationals working here have work permits.

- He has to apply for a permit, and we have to find him a job.

N-COUNT

3. permit permits permitting permitted
If a situation permits something, it makes it possible for that thing to exist, happen, or be done or it provides the opportunity for it. (FORMAL)

- He sets about creating an environment that just doesn't permit experiment, it encourages it.

- Try to go out for a walk at lunchtime, if the weather permits.

- This method of cooking also permits heat to penetrate evenly from both sides.

VB
= allow

4. permit permits permitting permitted
If you permit yourself something, you allow yourself to do something that you do not normally do or that you think you probably should not do.

- Captain Bowen permitted himself one cigar a day.

- Only once in his life had Douglas permitted himself to lose control of his emotions.

VB
= allow

5. permit
You can use permit me when you are about to say something or to make a suggestion. (FORMAL)

- Permit me to give you some advice.

- Permit me to offer you my sincere congratulations.

PHR: PHR to-inf politeness
= allow me

permit

verb

1.

allow

authorize

consent

enable

entitle

give leave or permission

give the green light to

grant

let

license

sanction

noun

2.

licence

authorization

pass

passport

permission

warrant

permutation

[D.J.:ˌpɜ:mjʊˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌpə..mjʊˈteʃən]

n.

(一组事物可能的一种)序列,排列;排列中的任一组数字或文字

permutation

permutation permutations
A permutation is one of the ways in which a number of things can be ordered or arranged.

- The possibilities of variation among members of the human species are limited to the possible permutations of our genes.

N-COUNT: usu pl

permutation

noun

transformation

alteration

change

transposition

pernicious

[D.J.:pəˈnɪʃəs]

[K.K.:pɚˈnɪʃəs]

adj.

很有害的;恶性的

pernicious *

pernicious
If you describe something as pernicious , you mean that it is very harmful. (FORMAL)

- I did what I could, but her mother's influence was pernicious.

- There is a pernicious culture of excellence: everything has to be not merely good but the best.

ADJ-GRADED

pernicious

adjective Formal

wicked

bad

damaging

dangerous

deadly

destructive

detrimental

evil

fatal

harmful

hurtful

malign

poisonous

pernicious anaemia

pernicious anaemia
Pernicious anaemia is a very severe blood disease.
N-UNCOUNT also pernicious anemia .

pernickety

[D.J.:pəˈnikəti]

[K.K.:pɚˈnɪkɪti]

adj.

爱挑剔的,难以取悦的

pernickety

pernickety
If you describe someone as pernickety , you think that they pay too much attention to small, unimportant details. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use persnickety )

- Customs officials can get extremely pernickety about things like that.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= fussy

pernickety

adjective Informal

fussy

exacting

fastidious

finicky

overprecise

particular

picky informal

peroration

[D.J.:ˌperəˈreɪʃɵn]

n.

(演说等的)结束语,结论

夸夸其谈的演说

peroration

1. peroration perorations
A peroration is the last part of a speech, especially the part where the speaker sums up his or her argument. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. peroration perorations
If someone describes a speech as a peroration , they mean that they dislike it because they think it is very long and not worth listening to.
N-COUNT disapproval

peroxide

[D.J.:pəˈrɔkˌsaɪd]

[K.K.:pəˈrɑkˌsaɪd]

n.

过氧化氢

过氧化物

vt.

用过氧化氢漂白(头发等)

peroxide

peroxide peroxides
Peroxide is a chemical that is often used for making hair lighter in colour. It can also be used to kill germs.
N-MASS
= hydrogen peroxide

See also hydrogen peroxide .

peroxide blonde

peroxide blonde peroxide blondes
You can refer to a woman whose hair has been artificially been made lighter in colour as a peroxide blonde , especially when you want to show that you disapprove of this, or that you think her hair looks unnatural or unattractive.
N-COUNT

perpendicular

[D.J.:ˌpɜ:pənˈdɪkjələ]

[K.K.:ˌpə..pənˈdɪkjəlɚ]

adj.

垂直的;成直角的

直立的

perpendicular

1. perpendicular
A perpendicular line or surface points straight up, rather than being sloping or horizontal.

- We made two slits for the eyes and a perpendicular line for the nose.

- The sides of the loch are almost perpendicular.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= vertical ≠ horizontal

2. perpendicular
If one thing is perpendicular to another, it is at an angle of 90 degrees to it. (FORMAL)

- The left wing dipped until it was perpendicular to the ground.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ to n

perpendicular

adjective

upright

at right angles to

on end

plumb

straight

vertical

perpetrate

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:pɪˌtreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpə..pɪˌtret]

vt.

犯(罪),作(恶),做(坏事)

perpetration

n.

perpetrator

n.

perpetration

n.

做坏事,犯罪

perpetrator

[D.J.:ˌpɜ:pɪˈtreɪtə]

[K.K.:ˌpə..pəˈtretɚ]

n.

做坏事者;犯罪者

加害者;行凶者

perpetrate *

1. perpetrate perpetrates perpetrating perpetrated
If someone perpetrates a crime or any other immoral or harmful act, they do it. (FORMAL)

- A high proportion of crime in any country is perpetrated by young males in their teens and twenties.

- Tremendous wrongs were being perpetrated on the poorest and least privileged human beings.

- You begin to ask yourself what kind of person perpetrated this crime.

VB
= commit

2. perpetration

- ...a very small minority who persist in the perpetration of these crimes.

N-SING: usu N of n

3. perpetrator perpetrators

- It's time the death penalty was used for perpetrators of terrorist acts.

N-COUNT

perpetrate

verb

commit

carry out

do

enact

execute

perform

wreak

perpetual

[D.J.:pəˈpetʃuəl]

[K.K.:pɚˈpɛtʃuəl]

adj.

永久的; 终身的

不断的; 常发生的

perpetually

[D.J.:pəˈpetʃʊəlɪ]

[K.K.:pɚˈp ɛtʃʊəlɪ]

adv.

永恒地

终身地

不断地

perpetual *

1. perpetual
A perpetual feeling, state, or quality is one that never ends or changes.

- ...the creation of a perpetual union.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= permanent

2. perpetually

- They were all perpetually starving.

- He and his wife would be compelled to live perpetually as second-class citizens.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj/prep
= permanently

3. perpetual
A perpetual act, situation, or state is one that happens again and again and so seems never to end.

- I thought her perpetual complaints were going to prove too much for me.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= continual

4. perpetually

- ...a perpetually renewed miracle...

- He perpetually interferes in political affairs.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj/prep
= continually

perpetual

adjective

1.

everlasting

endless

eternal

infinite

lasting

never-ending

perennial

permanent

unchanging

unending

2.

continual

constant

continuous

endless

incessant

interminable

never-ending

persistent

recurrent

repeated

perpetual motion

perpetual motion
The idea of perpetual motion is the idea of something continuing to move for ever without getting energy from anything else.
N-UNCOUNT also perpetual-motion .

perpetuate

[D.J.:pəˈpetʃu:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:pɚˈpɛtʃuˌet]

vt.

使永存;使人记住不忘

perpetuation

n.

永存,不朽

perpetuate *

1. perpetuate perpetuates perpetuating perpetuated
If someone or something perpetuates a situation, system, or belief, especially a bad one, they cause it to continue.

- We must not perpetuate the religious divisions of the past.

- This image is a myth perpetuated by the media.

VB

2. perpetuation

- The perpetuation of nuclear deployments is morally unacceptable.

N-SING: usu N of n

perpetuate

verb

maintain

immortalize

keep going

preserve

perpetuity

[D.J.:ˌpɜ:pɪˈtu:ɪti:, -ˈtju:-]

[K.K.:ˌpə..pɪˈtuɪti, -ˈtju-]

n.

永久;永恒;永远

in perpetuity

永远；永久

perpetuity

perpetuity
If something is done in perpetuity , it is intended to last for ever. (FORMAL)

- The US Government gave the land to the tribe in perpetuity.

PHR: PHR after v

perplex

[D.J.:pəˈpleks]

[K.K.:pɚˈplɛks]

vt.

使迷惑; 使混乱

perplexed

[D.J.:pəˈplekst]

[K.K.:pɚˈplɛkst]

adj.

困惑的;糊涂的

perplexing

[D.J.:pəˈpleksɪŋ]

[K.K.:pɚˈpl ɛksɪŋ]

adj.

使人困惑的;令人费解的

perplex

perplex perplexes perplexing perplexed
If something perplexes you, it confuses and worries you because you do not understand it or because it causes you difficulty.

- It perplexed him because he was tackling it the wrong way.

VB
= puzzle bewilder

perplexed *

perplexed
If you are perplexed , you feel confused and slightly worried by something because you do not understand it.

- She is perplexed about what to do for her daughter.

- Japan's perplexed bankers need not worry.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= puzzled

perplexing

perplexing
If you find something perplexing , you do not understand it or do not know how to deal with it.

- It took years to understand many perplexing diseases.

- British Parliamentary procedure is perplexing at the best of times.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= puzzling

perplex

verb

puzzle

baffle

bewilder

confound

confuse

mystify

stump

perplexing

adjective

puzzling

baffling

bewildering

complex

complicated

confusing

difficult

enigmatic

hard

inexplicable

mystifying

perplexity

[D.J.:pəˈpleksɪti:]

[K.K.:pɚˈplɛksɪti]

n.

困惑;混乱

复杂,困难

perplexity

1. perplexity
Perplexity is a feeling of being confused and frustrated because you do not understand something.

- He began counting them and then, with growing perplexity, counted them a second time.

N-UNCOUNT
= puzzlement anxiety

2. perplexity perplexities
The perplexities of something are those things about it which are difficult to understand because they are complicated.

- ...the perplexities of quantum mechanics.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= difficulty complexity

perplexity

noun

1.

puzzlement

bafflement

bewilderment

confusion

incomprehension

mystification

2.

puzzle

difficulty

fix informal

mystery

paradox

perquisite

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:kwɪzɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpə..kwɪzɪt]

n.

(工资以外的)财务补贴,额外收入,津贴,奖金,小费

(随职位而得到的)好处,利益,便利,特权,优待

perquisite

perquisite perquisites
A perquisite is the same as a perk . (FORMAL)

- ...cost-free long-distance calls, a perquisite of her employment.

N-COUNT
= perk

perquisite

noun Formal

bonus

benefit

dividend

extra

perk Brit. informal

plus

persecute

[D.J.:ˈpə:sikju:t]

[K.K.:ˈpɚsɪˌkjut]

vt.

(尤指宗教或政治信仰的)迫害

persecute *

1. persecute persecutes persecuting persecuted
If someone is persecuted , they are treated cruelly and unfairly, often because of their race or beliefs.

- Mr Weaver and his family have been persecuted by the authorities for their beliefs.

- They began by brutally persecuting the Catholic Church.

- ...a persecuted minority.

VB

2. persecute persecutes persecuting persecuted
If you say that someone is persecuting you, you mean that they are deliberately making your life difficult.

- He also described his first wife as persistently persecuting him and ruining his life with her unreasonable demands.

- Vic was bullied by his father and persecuted by his sisters.

VB
= harass

persecute

verb

1.

victimize

afflict

ill-treat

maltreat

oppress

torment

torture

2.

harass

annoy

badger

bother

hassle informal

pester

tease

persecution

[D.J.:ˌpɜ:sɪˈkju:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌpə..sɪˈkjuʃən]

n.

迫害或受迫害

persecution *

persecution
Persecution is cruel and unfair treatment of a person or group, especially because of their religious or political beliefs, or their race.

- ...the persecution of minorities.

- ...victims of political persecution...

- We had to leave the country because of the persecutions.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

persecutor

n.

迫害者

persecutor

persecutor persecutors
The persecutors of a person or group treat them cruelly and unfairly, especially because of their religious or political beliefs, or their race.
N-COUNT: usu pl

perseverance

[D.J.:ˌpɜ:səˈvɪərəns]

[K.K.:ˌpə..səˈvɪrəns]

n.

坚持不懈;不屈不挠

perseverance

perseverance
Perseverance is the quality of continuing with something even though it is difficult.
N-UNCOUNT
= persistence

perseverance

noun

persistence

determination

diligence

doggedness

endurance

pertinacity

resolution

tenacity

persevere

[D.J.:ˌpə:siˈviə]

[K.K.:ˌpɚsəˈvɪr]

vi.

坚忍, 坚持

persevering

[D.J.:ˌpɜ:sɪˈvɪərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˌpə..səˈvɪrɪŋ]

adj.

坚忍的;固执的

persevere *

1. persevere perseveres persevering persevered
If you persevere with something, you keep trying to do it and do not give up, even though it is difficult.

- This ability to persevere despite obstacles and setbacks is the quality people most admire in others.

- ...a school with a reputation for persevering with difficult and disruptive children...

- She persevered in her idea despite obvious objections raised by friends.

VB
= persist

2. persevering

- He is a persevering, approachable family man.

ADJ-GRADED

persevere

verb

keep going

carry on

continue

go on

hang on

persist

remain

stick at or to

Persian

[D.J.:ˈpə:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˈpɚʒən, -ʃən]

adj.

波斯(现称伊朗)的; 波斯人的, 波斯语的

Persian ***

1. Persian
Something that is Persian belongs or relates to the ancient kingdom of Persia, or sometimes to the modern state of Iran.

- ...the Persian Empire.

- ...Persian poetry.

ADJ

2. Persian Persians
Persians were the people who came from the ancient kingdom of Persia.
N-COUNT

3. Persian
Persian carpets and rugs traditionally come from Iran. They are made by hand from silk or wool and usually have patterns in deep colours.
ADJ

4. Persian
Persian is the language that is spoken in Iran, and was spoken in the ancient Persian empire.
N-UNCOUNT

Persian cat

Persian cat Persian cats
A Persian cat is a type of cat which has a round face and long hair.
N-COUNT

Persian Gulf ***

Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf is the area of sea between Saudi Arabia and Iran.
N-PROPER: usu the N

persimmon

[D.J.:pə(:)ˈsimən]

[K.K.:pɚˈsɪmən]

n.

柿子

persimmon

persimmon persimmons
A persimmon is a soft, orange fruit that looks rather like a large tomato. Persimmons grow on trees in hot countries.
N-COUNT

persist

[D.J.:pəˈsist]

[K.K.:pɚˈsɪst, -ˈzɪst]

vt. & vi.

坚持, 固执

persist **

1. persist persists persisting persisted
If something undesirable persists , it continues to exist.

- Contact your doctor if the cough persists.

- These problems persisted for much of the decade.

VB
= continue

2. persist persists persisting persisted
If you persist in doing something, you continue to do it, even though it is difficult or other people are against it.

- Why does Britain persist in running down its defence forces?.

- He urged the United States to persist with its efforts to bring about peace.

- `You haven't answered me,' she persisted.

- When I set my mind to something, I persist.

VB

persist

verb

1.

continue

carry on

keep up

last

linger

remain

2.

persevere

continue

insist

stand firm

persistence

[D.J.:pəˈsɪstəns, -ˈzɪs-]

[K.K.:pɚˈsɪstəns, -ˈzɪs-]

n.

坚持不懈;执意;持续;留存

继续存在

persistence *

1. persistence
If you have persistence , you continue to do something even though it is difficult or other people are against it.

- Skill comes only with practice, patience and persistence.

- Chandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off.

N-UNCOUNT
= perseverance

2. persistence
The persistence of something, especially something bad, is the fact of its continuing to exist for a long time.

- ...an expression of concern at the persistence of inflation and high interest rates.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N of n

persistence

noun

determination

doggedness

endurance

grit

perseverance

pertinacity

resolution

tenacity

tirelessness

persistent

[D.J.:pəˈsistənt]

[K.K.:pɚˈsɪstənt, -ˈzɪs-]

adj.

持续的; 不断的

persistent **

1. persistent
Something that is persistent continues to exist or happen for a long time; used especially about bad or undesirable states or situations.

- Her position as national leader has been weakened by persistent fears of another coup attempt.

- His cough grew more persistent until it never stopped.

- Shoppers picked their way through puddles caused by persistent rain.

ADJ-GRADED

2. persistent
Someone who is persistent continues trying to do something, even though it is difficult or other people are against it.

- ...a persistent critic of the government's transport policies...

- He phoned again this morning. He's very persistent.

ADJ-GRADED

persistent

adjective

1.

continuous

constant

continual

endless

incessant

never-ending

perpetual

repeated

2.

determined

dogged

obdurate

obstinate

persevering

pertinacious

steadfast

steady

stubborn

tenacious

tireless

unflagging

persistently

[D.J.:pəˈsɪstə ntlɪ]

[K.K.:pɚˈsɪstəntlɪ]

adv.

坚持不放弃地;持续不断地;频繁地

persistently *

1. persistently
If something happens persistently , it happens again and again or for a long time.

- The allegations have been persistently denied by ministers.

- People with rail season tickets will get refunds if trains are persistently late.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj
= continually

2. persistently
If someone does something persistently , they do it with determination even though it is difficult or other people are against it.

- Rachel gently but persistently imposed her will upon Douglas.

- Slowly, persistently, patiently, we will end this conflict.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

persistent vegetative state

persistent vegetative state persistent vegetative states
If someone is in a persistent vegetative state , they are unable to think, speak, or move because they have severe brain damage, and their condition is not likely to improve. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

persnickety

[D.J.:pəˈsnɪkɪti:]

[K.K.:pɚˈsnɪkɪti]

adj.

<口>爱挑剔的;要求极度精确的

persnickety

persnickety
If you describe someone as persnickety , you think that they pay too much attention to small, unimportant details. (INFORMAL) (AM; in BRIT use pernickety )

- He is a very rigorous man, very persnickety.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= fussy

person

[ˈpə:sən]

n.

人

(语法)人称

person *****

1. person persons
A person is a man, woman, or child.

- At least one person died and several others were injured.

- Everyone knows he's the only person who can do the job.

- My great-grandfather was a person of some importance here.

- The amount of sleep we need varies from person to person.

- They were both lovely, friendly people.

- At least fifty four people have been killed and a further fifty are missing.

N-COUNT The usual word for `more than one person' is people . The form persons is used as the plural in formal or legal language

2. person persons
Persons is used as the plural of person in formal, legal, and technical writing.

- ...removal of the right of accused persons to remain silent...

- Persons who wish to adopt a child may contact their local social services department.

- ...persons with neck problems.

N-PLURAL The usual word for `more than one person' is people . The form persons is used as the plural in formal or legal language

3. person persons
If you talk about someone as a person , you are considering them from the point of view of their real nature.

- I've a lot of time for him as a person now.

- Robin didn't feel good about herself as a person.

N-COUNT The usual word for `more than one person' is people . The form persons is used as the plural in formal or legal language

4. person persons
If someone says, for example,` I'm an outdoor person ' or ` I'm not a coffee person ', they are saying whether or not they like that particular activity or thing. (mainly SPOKEN)

- I am not a country person at all. I prefer the cities.

N-COUNT: a supp N The usual word for `more than one person' is people . The form persons is used as the plural in formal or legal language

5. person
If you do something in person , you do it yourself rather than letting someone else do it for you.

- You must collect the mail in person and take along some form of identification.

- She went to New York to receive the award in person.

PHR: PHR after v The usual word for `more than one person' is people . The form persons is used as the plural in formal or legal language

6. person
If you meet, hear, or see someone in person , you are in the same place as them, rather than, for example, speaking to them on the telephone, writing to them, or seeing them on television.

- It was the first time she had seen him in person.

- ...a trip to Hollywood to meet his favorite actor in person...

- She wanted to hear him sing in person.

PHR: PHR after v The usual word for `more than one person' is people . The form persons is used as the plural in formal or legal language

7. person persons
Your person is your body. (FORMAL)

- The suspect had refused to give any details of his identity and had carried no documents on his person.

N-COUNT: poss N The usual word for `more than one person' is people . The form persons is used as the plural in formal or legal language

8. person
You can use in the person of when mentioning the name of someone you have just referred to in a more general or indirect way. (WRITTEN)

- We had a knowledgeable guide in the person of George Adams.

PHR: PHR n The usual word for `more than one person' is people . The form persons is used as the plural in formal or legal language

9. person persons
In grammar, we use the term first person when referring to `I' and `we', second person when referring to `you', and third person when referring to `he', `she', `it', `they', and all other noun groups. Person is also used like this when referring to the verb forms that go with these pronouns and noun groups.
N-COUNT: usu supp N The usual word for `more than one person' is people . The form persons is used as the plural in formal or legal language
See also first person , second person , third person .

person

noun

1.

individual

being

body

human

soul

in person

2.

personally

bodily

in the flesh

oneself

-person

1. -person
-person is added to numbers to form adjectives which indicate how many people are involved in something or can use something. People is not used in this way.

- ...two-person households.

- ...the spa's 32-person staff.

- ...his 1971 one-person exhibition.

- ...two-person tents.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

2. -person
-person is added to nouns to form nouns which refer to someone who does a particular job or is in a particular group. -person is used by people who do not want to use a term which indicates whether someone is a man or a woman. -people can also be used in this way.

- ...Mrs. Sahana Pradhan, chairperson of the United Leftist Front.

- ...Jessie Marshall, a contemporary craftsperson...

- He had a staff of six salespeople working for him.

COMB in N-COUNT

persona

[D.J.:pəˈsəunə]

[K.K.:pɚˈsonə]

n.

人格面貌, 外表形象

personae

[pə:ˈsəuni:]

n.

人,角色(persona的复数)

persona *

persona personas or personae
Someone's persona is the aspect of their character or nature that they present to other people, perhaps in contrast to their real character or nature. (FORMAL)

- The contradictions between her private life and the public persona are not always fully explored.

- From time to time he will take on a new persona.

N-COUNT
= image

See also persona non grata .

personable

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:sənəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈpə..sənəbəl]

adj.

英俊的;风度好的

personably

adv.

personable

personable
Someone who is personable has a pleasant appearance and character.

- The people I met were intelligent, mature, personable.

ADJ-GRADED approval

personable

adjective

pleasant

agreeable

amiable

attractive

charming

good-looking

handsome

likable or likeable

nice

personage

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:sənɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈpə..sənɪdʒ]

n.

人;(尤指)要人,名人

personage

1. personage personages
A personage is a famous or important person. (FORMAL)

- ...MPs, film stars and other important personages.

N-COUNT
= person

2. personage personages
A personage is a character in a play or book, or in history. (FORMAL)

- There is no evidence for such a historical personage.

- ...Shakespeare's famous personages.

N-COUNT
= character

personage

noun

personality

big shot informal

celebrity

dignitary

luminary

megastar informal

notable

public figure

somebody

V.I.P.

personal

[D.J.:ˈpə:sənəl]

[K.K.:ˈpɚsənəl]

adj.

个人的; 私人的

亲自的

人身攻击的, 无礼的

personal ****

1. personal
A personal opinion, quality, or thing belongs or relates to one particular person rather than to other people.

- He learned this lesson the hard way -- from his own personal experience.

- That's my personal opinion.

- ...books, furniture, and other personal belongings...

- Refugees also complain that soldiers steal food and personal property from them and demand bribes in exchange for food or shelter.

- The President arrived, followed by his personal bodyguard.

- ...an estimated personal fortune of almost seventy million dollars.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. personal
If you give something your personal care or attention, you deal with it yourself rather than letting someone else deal with it.

- ...a business that requires a great deal of personal contact.

- ...a personal letter from the President's secretary...

- People do not mind paying a bit extra for the personal touch.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. personal
Personal matters relate to your feelings, relationships, and health.

- ...teaching young people about marriage and personal relationships...

- You never allow personal problems to affect your performance.

- We sacrifice our personal lives to our work.

- Mr Knight said that he had resigned for personal reasons.

ADJ

4. personal
Personal comments refer to someone's appearance or character in an offensive way.

- Newspapers resorted to personal abuse.

- Myra was attacking something I'd written, and her attack got a little personal.

ADJ-GRADED

5. personal
Personal care involves looking after your body and appearance.

- ...the new breed of men who take as much time and trouble over personal hygiene as the women in their lives.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. personal
A personal relationship is one that is not connected with your job or public life.

- He was a great and valued personal friend whom I've known for many many years.

- What began as a professional relationship became a personal one pretty quickly, despite us coming from very different backgrounds.

ADJ

personal

adjective

1.

private

exclusive

individual

intimate

own

particular

peculiar

special

2.

offensive

derogatory

disparaging

insulting

nasty

personal assistant

personal assistant personal assistants
A personal assistant is a person who does office work and administrative work for someone. The abbreviation PA is also used.
N-COUNT

personal best *

personal best personal bests
A sports player's personal best is the highest score or fastest time that they have ever achieved.

- She ran a personal best of 13.01 sec in the 100m hurdles.

N-COUNT: usu sing

personal column

personal column personal columns
The personal column in a newspaper or magazine contains messages for individual people and advertisements of a private nature. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use personals )
N-COUNT

personal computer **

personal computer personal computers
A personal computer is a computer that is used by one person at a time in a business, a school, or at home. The abbreviation PC is also used.
N-COUNT

personalities

[ˌpə:səˈnælitiz]

n.

(对某人容貌、性格等所进行的)人身攻击

personality

[D.J.:ˌpə:səˈnæliti]

[K.K.:ˌpɚsəˈnælɪti]

n.

人格, 个性

人物, 名人

人身攻击, 诽谤

personality ***

1. personality personalities
Your personality is your whole character and nature.

- She has such a kind, friendly personality.

- Through sheer force of personality Hugh Trenchard had got his way.

- These personality traits get passed on from generation to generation.

- The contest was as much about personalities as it was about politics.

N-VAR: usu with supp

2. personality personalities
If someone has personality or is a personality , they have a strong and lively character.

- ...a woman of great personality...

- He is such a personality -- he is so funny.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= character

3. personality personalities
You can refer to a famous person, especially in entertainment, broadcasting, or sport, as a personality .

- ...the radio and television personality, Jimmy Saville.

N-COUNT

personality

noun

1.

nature

character

disposition

identity

individuality

make-up

temperament

2.

celebrity

famous name

household name

megastar informal

notable

personage

star

personalize

[D.J.:ˈpə:sənəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈpɚsənəlaɪz]

vt.

在(某物上)作物主标志(尤指表示物主的地址或姓名的首字母)

使(某事物)针对个人、带有个人感情或个性化

personalize *

1. personalize personalizes personalizing personalized
If an object is personalized , it is marked with the name or initials of its owner.

- The clock has easy-to-read numbers and is personalised with the child's name and birth date.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also personalise

2. personalized

- ...a unique collection of personalised presents, colourful toys & games.

- ...a Rolls-Royce with a personalised number plate.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. personalize personalizes personalizing personalized
If you personalize something, you do or design it specially according to the needs of an individual or to your own needs.

- Personalising your car has never been cheaper.

- ...an ideal centre for professional men or women who need intensive, personalised French courses.

VB (BRIT) also personalise
= customize

4. personalize personalizes personalizing personalized
If you personalize an argument, discussion, idea, or issue, you consider it from the point of view of individual people and their characters or relationships, rather than considering the facts in a general or abstract way.

- Women tend to personalise rejection more than men.

- I hope they won't make the mistake of personalising the issue.

- The contest has become personalised, if not bitter.

VB (BRIT) also personalise

personally

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:sənəli:]

[K.K.:ˈpə..sənəli]

adv.

亲自地

就个人而言

就人而论

take sth personally

认为某泛指的话针对自己而不悅

personally ***

1. personally
You use personally to emphasize that you are giving your own opinion.

- Personally I think it's a waste of time.

- You can disagree about them, and I personally do, but they are great ideas that have made people think.

- I think it's going to cause chaos personally but never mind.

ADV: ADV with cl emphasis

2. personally
If you do something personally , you do it yourself rather than letting someone else do it.

- The minister is returning to Paris to answer the allegations personally.

- When the great man arrived, the club's manager personally escorted him upstairs.

- You'll deal with it personally? Good.

ADV: ADV with v

3. personally
If you meet or know someone personally , you meet or know them in real life, rather than knowing about them or knowing their work.

- He did not know them personally, but he was familiar with their reputation.

- I have orders to deliver it to Mr Demiris personally.

- It is important for us to meet personally although we have been in touch in various ways.

ADV: ADV with v

4. personally
You can use personally to say that something refers to an individual person rather than to other people.

- To a far greater degree than other leaders, he was personally responsible for all that the people had suffered under his rule.

- In order for me to spend three months on something it has to interest me personally.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

5. personally
You can use personally to show that you are talking about someone's private life rather than their professional or public life.

- This has taken a great toll on me personally and professionally.

- Personally he was quiet, modest and unobtrusive.

- Parks has a tendency to become personally involved with his photographic subjects.

ADV: oft ADV with cl

6. personally
If you take someone's remarks personally , you are upset because you think that they are criticizing you in particular.

- I take everything too personally.

- Remember, stick to the issues and don't take it personally.

PHR: V inflects

personally

adverb

1.

by oneself

alone

independently

on one's own

solely

2.

in one's opinion

for one's part

from one's own viewpoint

in one's books

in one's own view

3.

individually

individualistically

privately

specially

subjectively

personal organizer

personal organizer personal organizers
A personal organizer is a book containing personal or business information, which you can add pages to or remove pages from to keep the information up to date. Small computers with a similar function are also called personal organizers .
N-COUNT (BRIT) also personal organiser

personal pronoun

personal pronoun personal pronouns
A personal pronoun is a pronoun such as `I', `you', `she', or `they' which is used to refer to the speaker or the person spoken to, or to a person or thing whose identity is clear, usually because they have already been mentioned.
N-COUNT

personals

personals
The section in a newspaper or magazine which contains messages for individual people and advertisements of a private nature is called the personals . (AM; in BRIT usually use personal column )
N-PLURAL: usu the N
= personal column

personal space

1. personal space
If someone invades your personal space , they stand or lean too close to you, so that you feel uncomfortable.

- I felt my body involuntarily stiffen against her invasion of my personal space.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N

2. personal space
If you need your personal space , you need time on your own, with the freedom to do something that you want to do or to think about something.

- Self-confidence means being relaxed enough to allow your lover their personal space.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N

personal stereo

personal stereo personal stereos
A personal stereo is a small cassette or CD player with very light headphones, which people carry round so that they can listen to music while doing something else.
N-COUNT
= Walkman

persona non grata

persona non grata
If someone becomes or is declared persona non grata , they become unwelcome or unacceptable because of something they have said or done.

- The government has declared the French ambassador persona non grata and ordered him to leave the country.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

personification

[D.J.:pəˌsɔnəfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:pɚˌsɑnəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

人格化;拟人化

人格化;拟人化;象征;化身

极具某品质或特点的人

personification

1. personification
If you say that someone is the personification of a particular thing or quality, you mean that they are a perfect example of that thing or that they have a lot of that quality.

- Janis Joplin was the personification of the '60s female rock singer.

- He was usually the personification of kindness.

N-SING: usu the N of n

2. personification personifications
A personification of something abstract is its representation in the form of a person.

- ...personifications of the attributes of Justice, Prudence and Truth.

N-VAR: usu N of n

personification

noun

embodiment

epitome

image

incarnation

portrayal

representation

personify

[D.J.:pəˈsɔnəˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:pɚˈsɑnəˌfaɪ]

vt.

将(某事物)人格化、拟人化

以人的形象表现(思想、品质等);象征

为某品质或特点的化身(尤指极典型的)

personify *

personify personifies personifying personified
If you say that someone personifies a particular thing or quality, you mean that they seem to be a perfect example of that thing, or to have that quality to a very large degree.

- She seemed to personify goodness and nobility.

- ...the world of inter-war decency as personified by Stanley Baldwin...

- On other occasions she can be charm personified.

VB

personify

verb

embody

epitomize

exemplify

represent

symbolize

typify

personnel

[D.J.:ˌpə:səˈnel]

[K.K.:ˌpɚsəˈnɛl]

n.

(总称)人员; 员工

人事部门

personnel ***

1. personnel
The personnel of an organization are the people who work for it.

- Since 1954 Japan has never dispatched military personnel abroad.

- There has been very little renewal of personnel in higher education.

- If you need help at work, your Personnel Manager should be able to help.

N-PLURAL: oft N n
= staff

2. personnel
Personnel is the department in a large company or organization that deals with employees, keeps their records, and helps with any problems they might have.

- Her first job was in personnel.

N-UNCOUNT
= human resources

personnel

noun

employees

helpers

human resources

people

staff

workers

workforce

person-to-person

[D.J.:ˈpə:səntəˈpə:sən]

[K.K.:ˈpɚsəntəˈpɚsən]

adj.

私人间的,个人的

person-to-person

person-to-person
If you make a person-to-person call, you say that you want to talk to one person in particular. If that person cannot come to the telephone, you do not have to pay for the call. (FORMAL)
ADJ

perspective

[D.J.:pəˈspektiv]

[K.K.:pɚˈspɛktɪv]

n.

远景, 景

前途; 希望

透视

透视图

观点, 想法

perspective ***

1. perspective perspectives
A particular perspective is a particular way of thinking about something, especially one that is influenced by your beliefs or experiences.

- He says the death of his father 18 months ago has given him a new perspective on life.

- ...two different perspectives on the nature of adolescent development...

- Most literature on the subject of immigrants in France has been written from the perspective of the French themselves.

- I would like to offer a historical perspective.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= view

2. perspective
If you get something in perspective or into perspective , you judge its real importance by considering it in relation to everything else. If you get something out of perspective , you fail to judge its real importance in relation to everything else.

- Remember to keep things in perspective.

- It helps to put their personal problems into perspective.

- Labor economist Harley Shaekin argues the cost needs to be viewed in perspective.

- I let things get out of perspective.

PHR: PHR after v

3. perspective
Perspective is the art of making some objects or people in a picture look further away than others.
N-UNCOUNT

perspective

noun

1.

outlook

angle

attitude

context

frame of reference

2.

objectivity

proportion

relation

relative importance

relativity

perspex

[ˈpə:speks]

n.

塑胶[有机,防风]玻璃,透明塑胶;聚合的２－甲基丙烯酸甲酯

perspex

perspex
Perspex is a strong clear plastic which is sometimes used instead of glass. (BRIT, TRADEMARK)
N-UNCOUNT: usu N n also Perspex .

perspicacious

[D.J.:ˌpɜ:spɪˈkeɪʃəs]

[K.K.:ˌpə..spɪˈkeʃəs]

adj.

有洞察力的;判断力强的;有识别力的

perspicacity

[D.J.:ˌpə:spiˈkæsiti]

[K.K.:ˌpɚspɪˈkæsɪti]

n.

敏锐

perspicacious

1. perspicacious
Someone who is perspicacious notices, realizes, and understands things quickly. (FORMAL)

- Ordinary British people become steadily more worldly, knowing, perspicacious and cynical.

ADJ-GRADED
= perceptive astute

2. perspicacity

- Channel 4's overseas buyers have foreseen the audience demand with their usual perspicacity.

N-UNCOUNT
= astuteness

perspicacious

adjective Formal

perceptive

acute

alert

astute

discerning

keen

percipient

sharp

shrewd

perspiration

[D.J.:ˌpɜ:spəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌpə..spəˈreʃən]

n.

汗;汗水

出汗;流汗

perspiration

perspiration
Perspiration is the liquid which comes out on the surface of your skin when you are hot or frightened. (FORMAL)

- His hands were wet with perspiration.

- ...night sweats and excessive perspiration.

N-UNCOUNT
= sweat

perspiration

noun

sweat

moisture

wetness

perspirable

汗液通过的,可随汗液排出的

perspiratory

[pəsˈpaiərətəri]

adj.

汗的,汗水的,引起出汗的

perspire

[D.J.:pəˈspaɪə]

[K.K.:pɚˈspaɪr]

vi.

出汗;流汗

perspirable

adj.

汗液可通过的;可随汗液排出的

perspiratory

adj.

排汗的;引起排汗的

perspire

perspire perspires perspiring perspired
When you perspire , a liquid comes out on the surface of your skin, because you are hot or frightened. (FORMAL)

- He began to perspire heavily.

- ...mopping their perspiring brows.

VB
= sweat

perspire

verb

sweat

exude

glow

pour with sweat

secrete

swelter

persuade

[D.J.:pəˈsweid]

[K.K.:pɚˈswed]

vt. & vi.

说服, 劝告

persuader

[pə(:)ˈsweidə]

n.

说服者,强制的工具

persuade ***

1. persuade persuades persuading persuaded
If you persuade someone to do something, you cause them to do it by giving them good reasons for doing it.

- My husband persuaded me to come.

- We're trying to persuade manufacturers to sell them here.

- They were eventually persuaded by the police to give themselves up.

VB

2. persuader persuaders

- All great persuaders and salesmen are the same.

N-COUNT

3. persuade persuades persuading persuaded
If something persuades someone to take a particular course of action, it causes them to take that course of action because it is a good reason for doing so.

- The Conservative Party's victory in April's general election persuaded him to run for President again.

- It was the lack of privacy that eventually persuaded us to move after Ben was born.

VB

4. persuade persuades persuading persuaded
If you persuade someone that something is true, you say things that eventually make them believe that it is true.

- I've persuaded Mrs Tennant that it's time she retired.

- We had managed to persuade them that it was worth working with us.

- Derek persuaded me of the feasibility of the idea.

VB
= convince

5. persuaded

- He is not persuaded of the need for electoral reform.

- I remain persuaded that the decisions we made last year were broadly right.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, ADJ of n, ADJ that

persuade

verb

1.

talk into

bring round informal

coax

entice

impel

incite

induce

influence

sway

urge

win over

2.

convince

cause to believe

satisfy

persuasion

[D.J.:pəˈsweiʒən]

[K.K.:pɚˈsweʒən]

n.

劝说; 说服(力)

信仰

persuasion *

1. persuasion
Persuasion is the act of persuading someone to do something or to believe that something is true.

- Only after much persuasion from Ellis had she agreed to hold a show at all.

- She was using all her powers of persuasion to induce the Griffins to remain in Rollway.

N-UNCOUNT

2. persuasion persuasions
If you are of a particular persuasion , you have a particular belief or set of beliefs. (FORMAL)

- It is a national movement and has within it people of all political persuasions.

- Fortunately for me, my kids are of the persuasion that their failings are of their own making.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

persuasion

noun

1.

urging

cajolery

enticement

inducement

wheedling

2.

persuasiveness

cogency

force

potency

power

pull informal

3.

creed

belief

conviction

credo

faith

opinion

tenet

views

4.

faction

camp

denomination

party

school

school of thought

side

persuasive

[D.J.:pəˈsweɪsɪv, -zɪv]

[K.K.:pɚˈswesɪv, -zɪv]

adj.

能说服的;善于游说的

persuasively

adv.

口才好地

persuasive *

1. persuasive
Someone or something that is persuasive is likely to persuade a person to believe or do a particular thing.

- What do you think were some of the more persuasive arguments on the other side?.

- I can be very persuasive when I want to be.

- Michael Grade's persuasive powers overcame their objections.

ADJ-GRADED

2. persuasively

- ...a trained lawyer who can present arguments persuasively.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. persuasiveness

- He was convinced that his eloquence and persuasiveness would tip them into supporting him.

N-UNCOUNT

persuasive

adjective

convincing

cogent

compelling

credible

effective

eloquent

forceful

influential

plausible

sound

telling

valid

weighty

pert

[D.J.:pɜ:t]

[K.K.:pɚt]

abbr.

Program Evaluation and Review Technic 计划评价与审查技术

pert

[D.J.:pɜ:t]

[K.K.:pɚt]

abbr.

Program Evaluation and Review Technic 计划评价与审查技术

pert

1. pert
If someone describes a young woman as pert , they mean that they like her because she is lively and not afraid to say what she thinks. This use could cause offence.

- A pert redhead in uniform read off the printed schedule for him.

- ...pert replies by servant girls.

ADJ-GRADED
= saucy

2. pert
If you say that someone has, for example, a pert bottom or nose, you mean that it is quite small and neat, and you think it is attractive.

- But there is more to Charles than his pert bottom and hairy chest.

- ...the tiny drops of rain gleaming on her wide forehead and her pert nose.

ADJ approval

pert

adjective

impudent

bold

cheeky

forward

impertinent

insolent

sassy U.S. informal

saucy

pertain

[D.J.:pəˈtein]

[K.K.:pɚˈten]

vi.

关于, 有关

pertaining

[pə(:)ˈteiniŋ]

n.

与…有关系的,附属…的,为…固有的(to)

pertain *

pertain pertains pertaining pertained
If one thing pertains to another, it relates, belongs, or applies to it. (FORMAL)

- The restrictions he imposed pertained to the type and height of buildings and the activities for which they could be used.

- I would much rather that you asked Mrs Zuckerman any questions pertaining to herself.

- ...matters pertaining to naval district defense.

VB
= relate

pertain

verb

relate

apply

befit

belong

be relevant

concern

refer

regard

pertinacious

[D.J.:ˌpɜ:tnˈeɪʃəs]

[K.K.:ˌpə..tn..ˈeʃəs]

adj.

坚持的;固执的;坚决的

pertinaciously

adv.

坚持地;固执地;坚决地

pertinacity

n.

执拗;顽固

pertinaciously

adv.

执拗地,顽强地

pertinacity

[D.J.:ˌpə:tiˈnæsəti]

[K.K.:ˌpɚtnˈæsɪti]

n.

顽固

pertinacious

pertinacious
Someone who is pertinacious continues trying to do something difficult rather than giving up quickly. (FORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED
= persistent tenacious

pertinence

[ˈpə:tinəns]

n.

有关性,相关性,针对性

pertinent

[D.J.:ˈpə:tinənt]

[K.K.:ˈpɚtnənt]

adj.

有关的; 中肯的; 恰当的

pertinently

adv.

适切地

pertinent *

1. pertinent
Something that is pertinent is relevant to a particular subject. (FORMAL)

- She had asked some pertinent questions.

- Pertinent information will be forwarded to the appropriate party.

- ...knowledge and skills pertinent to classroom teaching.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
= relevant

2. pertinently

- `If we pay players, how far do we go?' Gresson asked pertinently.

- Where had they learned all this, or, more pertinently, why had they remembered it?

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV with cl

3. pertinence

- I do not see the pertinence of most of this material.

N-UNCOUNT

pertinent

adjective

relevant

applicable

apposite

appropriate

apt

fit

fitting

germane

material

proper

to the point

perturb

[D.J.:pəˈtɜ:b]

[K.K.:pɚˈtə..b]

vt.

使(某人)烦恼;不安

perturb

perturb perturbs perturbing perturbed
If something perturbs you, it worries you quite a lot. (FORMAL)

- What perturbs me is that magazine articles are so much shorter nowadays.

VB
= alarm worry

See also perturbed .

perturbed

perturbed
If someone is perturbed by something, they are worried by it. (FORMAL)

- He apparently was not perturbed by the prospect of a policeman coming to call.

- She was really quite perturbed at the prospect.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ by/at n, ADJ that
= alarmed

perturb

verb

disturb

agitate

bother

disconcert

faze

fluster

ruffle

trouble

unsettle

vex

worry

perturbed

adjective

disturbed

agitated

anxious

disconcerted

flustered

shaken

troubled

uncomfortable

uneasy

worried

perturbation

[D.J.:ˌpɜ:təˈbeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌpə..tɚˈbeʃən]

n.

<正>忧虑;不安;烦恼

<术>摄动;微扰;小变异

perturbation

1. perturbation perturbations
A perturbation is a small change in the movement, quality, or behaviour of something, especially an unusual change. (TECHNICAL)

- ...perturbations in Jupiter's gravitational field.

N-VAR

2. perturbation
Perturbation is worry caused by some event. (FORMAL)

- This message caused perturbation in the Middle East Headquarters.

N-UNCOUNT
= alarm

pertussis

[D.J.:pə(:)ˈtʌsis]

[K.K.:pɚˈtʌsɪs]

n.

百日咳

pertussis

pertussis
Pertussis is the medical term for whooping cough .
N-UNCOUNT

perusal

[pəˈru:zəl]

n.

熟读,精读

perusal

perusal
Perusal something such as a letter, article, or document is the action of reading it. (FORMAL)

- Peter Cooke undertook to send each of us a sample contract for perusal.

- A perusal of the letters which we have published has satisfied him of the reality of our claim.

- ...a casual perusal of this list.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

peruse

[D.J.:pəˈru:z]

[K.K.:pəˈruz]

vt.

读(某篇文字);(尤指)细阅;审阅

匆匆读或心不在焉地浏览(某篇文字)

peruse

peruse peruses perusing perused
If you peruse something such as a letter, article, or document, you read it. (FORMAL)

- In making our decision we perused the company's financial statements for the past five years.

- She found the information while she was perusing a copy of Life magazine.

VB
= read

peruse

verb

read

browse

check

examine

inspect

scan

scrutinize

study

Peruvian

[pəˈru:vjən]

adj.

秘鲁的

n.

秘鲁人

Peruvian ***

1. Peruvian
Peruvian means belonging or related to Peru, or to its people or culture.

- ...the high, fertile valleys of the Peruvian Andes.

ADJ

2. Peruvian Peruvians
A Peruvian is someone who is Peruvian.

- The disease has killed thousands of Peruvians this year.

N-COUNT

pervade

[D.J.:pəˈveɪd]

[K.K.:pɚˈved]

vt.

遍及;弥漫

pervade *

pervade pervades pervading pervaded
If something pervades a place or thing, it is a noticeable feature throughout it. (FORMAL)

- The smell of sawdust and glue pervaded the factory.

- ...the corruption that pervades every stratum of the country...

- Throughout the book there is a pervading sense of menace.

VB

pervade

verb

spread through

charge

fill

imbue

infuse

penetrate

permeate

suffuse

pervasive

[D.J.:pəˈveɪsɪv, -zɪv]

[K.K.:pɚˈvesɪv, -zɪv]

adj.

无处不在的;遍布的;充斥各处的

pervasively

adv.

无处不在地;遍布地

pervasiveness

n.

无处不在;遍布

pervasive *

1. pervasive
Something, especially something bad, that is pervasive is present or felt throughout a place or thing. (FORMAL)

- ...the pervasive influence of the army in national life...

- She lives with a pervasive sense of guilt.

ADJ-GRADED

2. pervasiveness

- ...the pervasiveness of computer technology.

N-UNCOUNT

pervasive

adjective

widespread

common

extensive

general

omnipresent

prevalent

rife

ubiquitous

universal

perverse

[D.J.:pəˈvɜ:s, ˈpɜ:ˌvɜ:s]

[K.K.:pɚˈvə..s, ˈpə..ˌvə..s]

adj.

任性的,固执的

错误的,荒谬的;反常的

perversely

adv.

倔强地

perversity

[D.J.:pəˈvɜ:sɪti:]

[K.K.:pɚˈvə..sɪti]

n.

乖僻;倔强;任性；刚愎

性变态

perverse *

1. perverse
Someone who is perverse deliberately does things that are unreasonable or that result in harm for themselves.

- It would be perverse to stop this healthy trend.

- Psychotherapists often take a perverse delight in criticizing other psychotherapists.

- In some perverse way the ill-matched partners do actually need each other.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf disapproval

2. perversely

- She was perversely pleased to be causing trouble.

- Some saw it, perversely, as a victory.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. perversity

- It would be wrong to continue out of perversity.

N-UNCOUNT

perverse

adjective

1.

abnormal

contrary

deviant

disobedient

improper

rebellious

refractory

troublesome

unhealthy

2.

wilful

contrary

dogged

headstrong

intractable

intransigent

obdurate

wrong-headed

3.

stubborn

contrary

cussed informal

mulish

obstinate

pig-headed

stiff-necked

wayward

4.

ill-natured

churlish

cross

fractious

ill-tempered

peevish

stroppy Brit. slang

surly

perversity

noun

contrariness

contradictoriness

intransigence

obduracy

refractoriness

waywardness

wrong-headedness

perversion

[D.J.:pəˈvɜ:ʒən, -ʃən]

[K.K.:pɚˈvə..ʒən, -ʃən]

n.

歪曲

变坏

变态心理

perversion *

1. perversion perversions
You can refer to a sexual desire or action that you consider to be abnormal and unacceptable as a perversion .
N-VAR

2. perversion perversions
A perversion of something is a form of it that is bad or wrong, or the changing of it into this form.

- What monstrous perversion of the human spirit leads a sniper to open fire on a bus carrying children?.

- The past has been scarred by countless perversions of justice.

N-VAR: usu with supp

perversion

noun

1.

deviation

aberration

abnormality

debauchery

depravity

immorality

kink Brit. informal

kinkiness slang

unnaturalness

vice

2.

distortion

corruption

falsification

misinterpretation

misrepresentation

twisting

pervert

[D.J.:pəˈvɜ:t]

[K.K.:pɚˈvə..t]

vt.

使堕落, 把…引入邪路, 使变坏

滥用

pervert the course of justice

做伪证；妨碍司法公正

perverted

[D.J.:pə:ˈvə:tid]

[K.K.:pɚˈvɚtɪd]

adj.

不正当的

pervert *

1. pervert perverts perverting perverted
If you pervert something such as a process or society, you interfere with it so that it is not as good as it used to be or as it should be. (FORMAL)

- Any reform will destroy and pervert our constitution.

- He perverted her mind.

VB

2. pervert
If someone perverts the course of justice , they deliberately do something that will make it difficult to discover who really committed a particular crime, for example, destroying evidence or lying to the police. (LEGAL)

- He was charged with conspiring to pervert the course of justice.

PHR: V inflects

3. pervert perverts
If you say that someone is a pervert , you mean that you consider their behaviour, especially their sexual behaviour, to be immoral or unacceptable.
N-COUNT
= deviant

perverted

1. perverted
If you say that someone is perverted , you mean that you consider their behaviour, especially their sexual behaviour, to be immoral or unacceptable.

- You've been protecting sick and perverted men.

- His actions, to his small perverted mind, were surely forgivable.

ADJ-GRADED

2. perverted
You can use perverted to describe actions or ideas which you think are wrong, unnatural, or harmful.

- ...a perverted form of knowledge.

- ...the assertion of a perverted patriotism.

ADJ-GRADED

pervert

verb

1.

distort

abuse

falsify

garble

misrepresent

misuse

twist

warp

2.

corrupt

debase

debauch

degrade

deprave

lead astray

noun

3.

deviant

degenerate

sicko informal

weirdo or weirdie informal

perverted

adjective

unnatural

abnormal

corrupt

debased

debauched

depraved

deviant

kinky slang

pervy slang

sick

twisted

unhealthy

warped

peseta

[D.J.:pəˈsetə]

[K.K.:pəˈsetə]

n.

西班牙银币

peseta *

peseta pesetas
The peseta is the unit of money that is used in Spain.
N-COUNT

pesky

[D.J.:ˈpeski:]

[K.K.:ˈpɛski]

adj.

<非正>烦人的;让人讨厌的

pesky

pesky
Pesky means irritating. (INFORMAL)

- ...as if he were a pesky tourist asking silly questions of a busy man.

ADJ: ADJ n

peso

[D.J.:ˈpeisəu]

[K.K.:ˈpeso]

n.

比索(一种外国货币单位)

peso

peso pesos
The peso is the unit of money that is used in Argentina, Colombia, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, the Philippines, and Uruguay.
N-COUNT

pessary

[D.J.:ˈpesəri]

[K.K.:ˈpɛsəri]

n.

(纠正子宫错位用的)子宫托,(女子避孕用的)子宫帽,阴道栓剂

pessary

1. pessary pessaries
A pessary is a small block of a medicine or a contraceptive chemical that a woman puts in her vagina.
N-COUNT

2. pessary pessaries
A pessary is a device that is put in a woman's vagina to support her womb.
N-COUNT

pessimism

[D.J.:ˈpesəˌmɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈpɛsəˌmɪzəm]

n.

悲观主义

pessimism *

pessimism
Pessimism is the belief that bad things are going to happen.

- ...universal pessimism about the economy...

- My first reaction was one of deep pessimism.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N about/over n
≠ optimism

pessimism

noun

gloominess

dejection

depression

despair

despondency

distrust

gloom

hopelessness

melancholy

pessimist

[D.J.:ˈpesɪmɪst]

n.

悲观主义者

pessimist *

pessimist pessimists
A pessimist is someone who thinks that bad things are going to happen.

- I'm a natural pessimist; I usually expect the worst.

- It looks as if the pessimists are being proved right.

N-COUNT
≠ optimist

pessimist

noun

wet blanket informal

cynic

defeatist

killjoy

prophet of doom

worrier

pessimistic

[ˌpesiˈmistik]

adj.

悲观的; 悲观主义的

pessimistically

adv.

悲观地

pessimistic *

1. pessimistic
Someone who is pessimistic thinks that bad things are going to happen.

- Not everyone is so pessimistic about the future.

- Hardy has often been criticised for an excessively pessimistic view of life.

- ...one of the most pessimistic forecasts for 1992.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n
≠ optimistic

2. pessimistically

- `But it'll not happen,' she concluded pessimistically.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

pessimistic

adjective

gloomy

bleak

cynical

dark

dejected

depressed

despairing

despondent

glum

hopeless

morose

pest

[D.J.:pest]

[K.K.:pɛst]

n.

有害的人或物, 令人讨厌的人或物

pest **

1. pest pests
Pests are insects or small animals which damage crops or food supplies.

- ...crops which are resistant to some of the major insect pests and diseases...

- Each year ten percent of the crop is lost to a pest called corn rootworm.

- ...new and innovative methods of pest control.

N-COUNT

2. pest pests
You can describe someone, especially a child, as a pest if they keep bothering you. (INFORMAL)

- He climbed on the table, pulled my hair, and was generally a pest.

N-COUNT disapproval
= nuisance

pest

noun

1.

nuisance

annoyance

bane

bother

drag informal

irritation

pain informal

thorn in one's flesh

trial

vexation

2.

infection

blight

bug

epidemic

pestilence

plague

scourge

pester

[D.J.:ˈpestə]

[K.K.:ˈpɛstɚ]

vt.

使烦恼; 纠缠

pester *

pester pesters pestering pestered
If you say that someone is pestering you, you mean that they keep asking you to do something, or keep talking to you, and you find this annoying.

- I thought she'd stop pestering me, but it only seemed to make her worse.

- I know he gets fed up with people pestering him for money.

- ...that creep who's been pestering you to go out with him.

VB disapproval
= badger nag

pester

verb

annoy

badger

bedevil

be on one's back slang

bother

bug informal

harass

harry

hassle informal

nag

plague

torment

pesticide

[D.J.:ˈpestisaid]

[K.K.:ˈpɛstɪˌsaɪd]

n.

杀虫剂

pesticide **

pesticide pesticides
Pesticides are chemicals which farmers put on their crops to kill harmful insects.
N-MASS

pestilence

[D.J.:ˈpestiləns]

[K.K.:ˈpɛstələns]

n.

瘟疫; (尤指)腺鼠疫

pestilence

pestilence pestilences
Pestilence is any disease that spreads quickly and kills large numbers of people. (LITERARY)
N-VAR
= plague

pestilence

noun

plague

epidemic

visitation

pestilential

[D.J.:ˌpestiˈlenʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌpɛstəˈlɛnʃəl]

adj.

瘟疫的, 传染病的, 疫病(尤指鼠疫)的

有害的, 危害社会的, 伤风败俗的

pestilential

1. pestilential
Pestilential is used to refer to things that cause disease or are caused by disease. (FORMAL)

- ...people who were dependent for their water supply on this pestilential stream.

- ...a pestilential fever.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. pestilential
Pestilential animals destroy crops or exist in such large numbers that they cause harm. (FORMAL)

- ...the robust and pestilential grey squirrel.

ADJ: ADJ n

pestilential

adjective

deadly

dangerous

destructive

detrimental

harmful

hazardous

injurious

pernicious

pestle

[D.J.:ˈpesəl, ˈpestəl]

[K.K.:ˈpɛsəl, ˈpɛstəl]

n.

(捣碎或碾磨用的)杵

pestle

pestle pestles
A pestle is a short rod with a thick round end. It is used for crushing things such as herbs, spices, or grain in a bowl called a mortar.
N-COUNT

pesto

[D.J.:ˈpestəu]

[K.K.:ˈpɛsto]

n.

〈美〉(浇在面条或通心粉等上的)香蒜沙司,香蒜酱

pesto

pesto
Pesto is an Italian sauce made from basil, garlic, pine nuts, cheese, and olive oil.
N-UNCOUNT

pet

[D.J.:pet]

[K.K.:pɛt]

n.

宠物; 宠儿

vt.

宠爱, 抚摸

vi.

〈非正〉亲吻; 爱抚

pets

[pets]

n.

动物照片

petting

[D.J.:ˈpetiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpɛtɪŋ]

n.

〈美口〉(异性间的)抚摸,爱抚

pet ***

1. pet pets
A pet is an animal that you keep in your home to give you company and pleasure.

- It is plainly cruel to keep turtles as pets.

- ...a bachelor living alone in a flat with his pet dog...

- They would sell the meat off as pet food.

N-COUNT

2. pet
Someone's pet theory, project, or subject is one that they particularly support or like.

- He would not stand by and let his pet project be killed off.

- The example is chosen solely for its aptness in illustrating the current pet theory of the critic.

ADJ

3. pet pets
Some people call the person they are talking to ` pet ' to show affection or friendliness. (BRIT, SPOKEN)

- It's all right, pet, let me do it.

N-VOC feelings
= dear

4. pet pets petting petted
If you pet a person or animal, you touch them in an affectionate way.

- The policeman reached down and petted the wolfhound.

- I petted and smoothed her hair.

VB

petting

1. petting
Petting is when two people kiss and touch each other in a sexual way, but without having sexual intercourse.
N-UNCOUNT

2. petting
A petting zoo or a petting farm is a place with animals which small children can safely stroke or play with.

- ...a petting zoo in a park adjacent to the New York Public Library.

N-UNCOUNT: N n

pet

noun

1.

favourite

darling

idol

jewel

treasure

adjective

2.

favourite

cherished

dearest

dear to one's heart

verb

3.

pamper

baby

coddle

cosset

mollycoddle

spoil

4.

fondle

caress

pat

stroke

5.

cuddle

canoodle slang

kiss

neck informal

smooch informal

snog Brit. slang

petal

[D.J.:ˈpetl]

[K.K.:ˈpɛtl]

n.

花瓣

petals

翼瓣

petal *

petal petals
The petals of a flower are the thin coloured or white parts which together form the flower.

- ...bowls of dried rose petals.

N-COUNT

petard

[D.J.:peˈtɑ:d]

[K.K.:pɪˈtɑrd]

n.

(古代)攻城炸药箱,爆竹

petard

petard
If someone who has planned to harm someone else is hoist with their own petard or hoist by their own petard , their plan in fact results in harm to themselves.

- The students were hoist by their own petards, however, as Granada decided to transmit the programme anyway.

PHR: N inflects

peter out **

peter out peters out; petering out; petered out
If something peters out , it gradually comes to an end.

- The six-month strike seemed to be petering out.

- ...where the road petered out into a rutted track.

PHR-V

peter out

verb Informal

die out

dwindle

ebb

fade

fail

run out

stop

taper off

wane

Peter

[D.J.:ˈpi:tə]

[K.K.:ˈpitɚ]

n.

彼得 (男子名)

rob Peter to pay Paul

借新债还旧账；拆东墙补西墙

Peter

Peter
If you say that someone is robbing Peter to pay Paul , you mean that they are transferring money from one group of people or place to another, rather than providing extra money.

- Sometimes he was moving money from one account to another, robbing Peter to pay Paul.

PHR: rob inflects disapproval

petit bourgeois

petit bourgeois
Someone or something that is petit bourgeois belongs or relates to the lower middle class.

- He had a petit bourgeois mentality.

ADJ also petty bourgeois . disapproval

petit bourgeoisie

petit bourgeoisie
The petit bourgeoisie are people in the lower middle class.
N-SING-COLL: the N also petty bourgeoisie . disapproval

petite

[D.J.:pəˈti:t]

[K.K.:pəˈtit]

adj.

<法>(指女孩和妇女)娇小的

petite *

petite
If you describe a woman as petite , you are politely saying that she is small and is not fat.
ADJ-GRADED

petite

adjective

small

dainty

delicate

elfin

little

slight

petit four

petit four petits fours or petit fours
Petits fours are very small sweet cakes. They are sometimes served with coffee at the end of a meal.
N-COUNT: usu pl

petition

[D.J.:piˈtiʃən]

[K.K.:pəˈtɪʃən]

n.

(许多人签名的向当权者提出某种要求的)请愿书

petition **

1. petition petitions
A petition is a document signed by a lot of people which asks a government or other official group to do a particular thing.

- People feel so strongly that we recently presented the government with a petition signed by 4,500 people.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. petition petitions
A petition is a formal request made to a court of law for some legal action to be taken. (LEGAL)

- His lawyers filed a petition for all charges to be dropped.

- The court rejected their petition.

N-COUNT

3. petition petitions petitioning petitioned
If you petition someone in authority, you make a formal request to them. (mainly FORMAL or LEGAL)

- ...couples petitioning for divorce...

- All the attempts to petition the Congress had failed.

- Twenty-five of his supporters petitioned him to restore the monarchy.

- She's petitioning to regain custody of the child.

VB

petition

noun

1.

appeal

entreaty

plea

prayer

request

solicitation

suit

supplication

verb

2.

appeal

adjure

ask

beg

beseech

entreat

plead

pray

solicit

supplicate

petitioner

[D.J.:pəˈtɪʃənə(r)]

[K.K.: pəˈtɪʃənɚ]

n.

请求人;请愿人

<英>离婚案原告

petitioner

1. petitioner petitioners
A petitioner is a person who presents or signs a petition.
N-COUNT

2. petitioner petitioners
A petitioner is a person who brings a legal case to a court of law. (LEGAL)

- The judge awarded the costs of the case to the petitioners.

N-COUNT

3. petitioner petitioners
A petitioner is someone who goes to a court of law to ask for a divorce. (BRIT, LEGAL)

- Both the petitioner and respondent provide for the upkeep of the children.

N-COUNT

pet name

pet name pet names
A pet name is a special name that you use for a close friend or a member of your family instead of using their real name.
N-COUNT

petrel

[D.J.:ˈpetrəl]

[K.K.:ˈpɛtrəl]

n.

海燕

petrel

petrel petrels
A petrel is a type of sea bird which often flies a long way from land. There are many kinds of petrel.
N-COUNT

petrified

石化

petrify

[D.J.:ˈpetrəˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpɛtrəˌfaɪ]

vt. & vi.

吓呆,使麻木

petrified *

1. petrified
If you are petrified , you are extremely frightened, perhaps so frightened that you cannot think or move.

- I've always been petrified of being alone.

- Most people seem to be petrified of snakes.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of n/-ing, ADJ that
= terrified

2. petrified
A petrified plant or animal has died and has gradually turned into stone.

- ...a block of petrified wood.

ADJ: ADJ n

petrify

1. petrify petrifies petrifying petrified
If something petrifies you, it makes you feel very frightened.

- Prison petrifies me and I don't want to go there.

VB
= terrify

2. petrifying

- I have to say it's the funniest thing I've ever done, but it was absolutely petrifying.

ADJ
= terrifying

3. petrify petrifies petrifying petrified
If something such as a society or institution petrifies , or if something petrifies it, it stops changing and developing. (FORMAL)

- ...the fear that a political deadlock may petrify economic initiatives.

V-ERG

petrify

verb

1.

terrify

horrify

immobilize

paralyse

stun

stupefy

transfix

2.

fossilize

calcify

harden

turn to stone

petrochemical

[D.J.:ˌpetrəʊˈkemɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌpɛtroˈkɛmɪkəl]

n.

石油化学产品

petrochemicals

石油化学制品

petrochemical *

petrochemical petrochemicals
Petrochemicals are chemicals that are obtained from petroleum or natural gas.
N-COUNT: usu pl also petro-chemical .

petrodollars

petrodollars
Petrodollars are a unit of money used to calculate how much a country has earned by exporting petroleum or natural gas.
N-PLURAL also petro-dollars .

petrol

[D.J.:ˈpetrəl]

[K.K.:ˈpɛtrəl]

n.

汽油

petrol **

petrol
Petrol is a liquid which is used as a fuel for motor vehicles. (BRIT; in AM use gas or gasoline )
N-UNCOUNT

petrol bomb *

petrol bomb petrol bombs
A petrol bomb is a simple bomb consisting of a bottle full of petrol with a cloth in it that is lit just before the bottle is thrown. (mainly BRIT; in AM use Molotov cocktail )
N-COUNT

petroleum

[D.J.:piˈtrəuliəm]

[K.K.:pəˈtroliəm]

n.

石油

petroleum **

petroleum
Petroleum is oil which is found under the surface of the earth or under the sea bed. Petrol and paraffin are obtained from petroleum.
N-UNCOUNT

petroleum jelly

petroleum jelly
Petroleum jelly is a soft, clear substance obtained from oil or petroleum. It is put on the skin to protect or soften it, or put on surfaces to make them move against each other easily.
N-UNCOUNT

petrol station *

petrol station petrol stations
A petrol station is a garage by the side of the road where petrol is sold and put into vehicles. (BRIT; in AM use gas station )
N-COUNT

petrol tank

petrol tank petrol tanks
The petrol tank in a motor vehicle is the container for petrol. (BRIT; in AM use gas tank )
N-COUNT

petticoat

[D.J.:ˈpeti:ˌkəʊt]

[K.K.:ˈpɛtiˌkot]

n.

衬裙

petticoat

petticoat petticoats
A petticoat is a piece of clothing like a thin skirt, which is worn under a skirt or dress. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT
= slip underskirt

pettifogging

[ˈpetifɔɡiŋ]

adj.

讼棍的,骗人的,诡辩的

n.

讼棍,诡辩,欺骗

pettifogging

pettifogging
You can describe an action or situation as pettifogging when you think that unnecessary attention is being paid to unimportant, boring details. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...pettifogging bureaucratic interference.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

pettiness

[ˈpetinis]

n.

琐碎,小气,卑鄙

petty

[D.J.:ˈpeti]

[K.K.:ˈpɛti]

adj.

不重要的

卑鄙的; 小气的

petty **

1. petty pettier pettiest
You can use petty to describe things such as problems, rules, or arguments which you think are unimportant or relate to unimportant things.

- He was miserable all the time and rows would start over petty things.

- ...endless rules and petty regulations...

- The meeting degenerated into petty squabbling.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

2. petty pettier pettiest
If you describe someone's behaviour as petty , you mean that they care too much about small, unimportant things and perhaps that they are unnecessarily unkind.

- He was petty-minded and obsessed with detail.

- I think that attitude is a bit petty.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ disapproval

3. pettiness

- Never had she met such spite and pettiness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. petty
Petty is used of people or actions that are less important, serious, or great than others.

- Wilson was not a man who dealt with petty officials.

- ...petty crime, such as handbag-snatching and minor break-ins.

ADJ: ADJ n

petty

adjective

1.

trivial

contemptible

inconsiderable

insignificant

little

measly informal

negligible

paltry

slight

small

trifling

unimportant

2.

small-minded

mean

mean-minded

shabby

spiteful

ungenerous

petty cash

petty cash
Petty cash is money that is kept in the office of a company, for making small payments in cash when necessary.
N-UNCOUNT

petty officer

petty officer
A petty officer is an officer of low rank in the navy.

- Petty officers are the backbone of a navy.

- ...Petty Officer Amy Gaskill.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

petulance

[ˈpetjuləns]

n.

闹气,性急

petulant

[D.J.:ˈpetʃələnt]

[K.K.:ˈpɛtʃələnt]

adj.

易怒的,使性子的,脾气坏的

petulance

n.

petulantly

adv.

petulance

petulance
Petulance is unreasonable, childish bad temper over something unimportant.

- His petulance made her impatient.

N-UNCOUNT

petulance

noun

sulkiness

bad temper

ill humour

irritability

peevishness

pique

sullenness

petulant

1. petulant
Someone who is petulant is unreasonably angry and upset in a childish way.

- His critics say he's just being silly and petulant.

- He picked the pen up with a petulant gesture.

ADJ-GRADED

2. petulantly

- `I don't need help,' he said petulantly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

petulant

adjective

sulky

bad-tempered

huffy

ill-humoured

moody

peevish

sullen

petunia

[D.J.:pɪˈtu:njə, -ˈtju:n-]

[K.K.:pɪˈtunjə, -ˈtjun-]

n.

矮牵牛(花)

petunia

petunia petunias
A petunia is a type of garden plant with pink, white, or purple flowers shaped like short, wide cones.
N-COUNT

pew

[D.J.:pju:]

[K.K.:pju]

n.

教堂的条凳式座位

pew *

pew pews
A pew is a long wooden seat with a back, which people sit on in church.

- Claire sat in the front pew.

N-COUNT

pewter

[D.J.:ˈpju:tə]

[K.K.:ˈpjutɚ]

n.

锡铅合金,白镴

pewter *

pewter
Pewter is a grey metal which is made by mixing tin and lead. Pewter was often used in former times to make ornaments or containers for eating and drinking.

- ...pewter plates.

- ...the best 18th century pewter.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

pfennig

[D.J.:ˈpfeniɡ]

[K.K.:ˈfɛnɪɡ]

n.

芬尼(德国硬币, 为一马克的百分之一)

pfennig *

pfennig pfennigs
A pfennig is a German coin worth one hundredth of a mark.
N-COUNT

PG

[D.J.:ˈpi:ˈdʒi:]

[K.K.:ˈpiˈdʒi]

abbr.

paternal guidance (电影)宜在家长指导下观看的

PG

[D.J.:ˈpi:ˈdʒi:]

[K.K.:ˈpiˈdʒi]

abbr.

paternal guidance （电影）宜在家长指导下观看的

PG *

PG
In Britain, films that are labelled PG are not considered suitable for younger children to see without an adult being with them. PG is an abbreviation for `parental guidance'.

PG-13

PG-13
In the United States, films that are labelled PG-13 are not considered suitable for children under the age of thirteen, but parents can decide whether or not to allow their children to see the films. PG is an abbreviation for `parental guidance'.

PGCE

PGCE PGCEs
In Britain, a PGCE is a teaching qualification that qualifies someone with a degree to teach in a state school. PGCE is an abbreviation for `Postgraduate Certificate of Education'. Compare BEd .
N-COUNT

pH

n.

(表示氢离子活度的)pH值

pH *

pH
The pH of a solution indicates how acid or alkaline the solution is. A pH of less than 7 indicates that it is an acid, and a pH of more than 7 indicates that it is an alkali.

- ...the pH of sea water...

- Skin is naturally slightly acidic and has a pH of 5.5.

- The fluid that emerges from the vents is acidic (pH 3) and hot.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft N of n, N num

phalanges

[D.J.:fæˈlændʒi:z]

[K.K.:fəˈlændʒiz, fe-]

n.

方阵,密集队,密集人群,指骨,趾骨(phalanx的复数)

phalanx

[D.J.:ˈfælæŋks]

[K.K.:ˈfeˌlæŋks, ˈfælˌæŋks]

n.

方阵,密集队,密集人群,指骨;趾骨

phalanx

1. phalanx phalanxes or phalanges
A phalanx is a group of soldiers or police who are standing or marching close together ready to fight. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. phalanx phalanxes or phalanges
A phalanx of people is a large group who are brought together for a particular purpose. (FORMAL)

- ...a phalanx of waiters with silver dishes balanced at shoulder height.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

phallic

[D.J.:ˈfælik]

[K.K.:ˈfælɪk]

adj.

生殖器崇拜的,阴茎崇拜的,生殖器的,阴茎的,阴茎状的

phallic

phallic
Something that is phallic is shaped like an erect penis. It can also relate to male sexual powers.
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

phallus

[D.J.:ˈfæləs]

[K.K.:ˈfæləs]

n.

阴茎,阴蒂,交接器原基(分化后则成为阴蒂或阴茎)

phallus

1. phallus phalluses or phalli
A phallus is a model of an erect penis, especially one used as a symbol in ancient religions.
N-COUNT

2. phallus phalluses or phalli
A phallus is a penis . (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

phantasmagorical

phantasmagorical
Phantasmagorical means very strange, like something in a dream. (LITERARY)
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

phantom

[D.J.:ˈfæntəm]

[K.K.:ˈfæntəm]

n.

鬼怪;幽灵

phantom *

1. phantom phantoms
A phantom is a ghost. (mainly LITERARY)

- They vanished down the stairs like two phantoms.

- The phantom used to appear unexpectedly, but mostly during the winter.

N-COUNT
= ghost

2. phantom
You use phantom to describe something which you think you experience but which is not real.

- She was always taking regular days off for what her colleagues considered phantom illnesses.

- ...phantom pregnancies.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. phantom
Phantom can refer to something that is done by an unknown person, especially something criminal.

- Up to 30 victims of alleged `phantom' withdrawals from high-street cash machines are to issue a High Court writ against their banks and building societies.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. phantom
Phantom is used to describe business organizations, agreements, or goods which do not really exist, but which someone pretends do exist in order to cheat people.

- A phantom trading scheme at a Wall Street investment bank went unnoticed for three years.

ADJ: ADJ n

phantom

noun

1.

spectre

apparition

ghost

phantasm

shade literary

spirit

spook informal

wraith

2.

illusion

figment of the imagination

hallucination

vision

pharaoh

pharaoh
A pharaoh was a king of ancient Egypt.

- ...Rameses II, Pharaoh of All Egypt.

N-COUNT; N-PROPER

Pharisee

[D.J.:ˈfærisi:]

[K.K.:ˈfærɪsi]

n.

法利赛人

自以为公正善良的人, 自以为有道德的人

伪君子, 虚伪的人

Pharisee

Pharisee
The Pharisees were a group of Jews, mentioned in the New Testament of the Bible, who believed in strictly obeying the laws of Judaism.
N-PROPER-PLURAL

pharmaceutical

[D.J.:ˌfɑ:məˈsu:tɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌfɑrməˈsutɪkəl]

adj.

制药的;配药的

pharmaceuticals

[ˌfɑ:məˈsju:tikəlz]

n.

医药品

pharmaceutical **

1. pharmaceutical
Pharmaceutical means connected with the industrial production of medicine.

- ...a Swiss pharmaceutical company...

ADJ: ADJ n

2. pharmaceutical pharmaceuticals
Pharmaceuticals are medicines.

- Antibiotics were of no use, neither were other pharmaceuticals.

N-PLURAL

pharmacist

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:məsɪst]

[K.K.:ˈfɑrməsɪst]

n.

药剂师

pharmacist *

1. pharmacist pharmacists
A pharmacist is a person who is qualified to prepare and sell medicines.
N-COUNT
= chemist

2. pharmacist pharmacists
A pharmacist or a pharmacist's is a shop in which drugs and medicines are sold by a pharmacist. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use pharmacy )
N-COUNT
= chemist chemist's

pharmacological

[ˌfɑ:məkəˈlɔdʒikəl]

adj.

药理学的

pharmacologist

[D.J.:ˌf ɑ:məˈk ɔləd ʒɪst]

[K.K.:ˌf ɑrməˈk ɑləd ʒɪst]

n.

药理学家

pharmacology

[D.J.:ˌfɑ:məˈkɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˌfɑrməˈkɑlədʒi]

n.

药理学,药物学

pharmacological

adj.

pharmacologist

n.

pharmacology

1. pharmacology
Pharmacology is the branch of science relating to drugs and medicines.
N-UNCOUNT

2. pharmacological

- As little as 50mg of caffeine can produce pharmacological effects.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. pharmacologist pharmacologists

- ...a pharmacologist from the University of California.

N-COUNT

pharmacopoeia

[D.J.:ˌfɑ:məkəˈpi:ə]

[K.K.:ˌfɑrməkəˈpiə]

n.

药典;一批备用药品

pharmacopoeia

pharmacopoeia pharmacopoeias
A pharmacopoeia is an official book that lists all the drugs that can be used to treat people in a particular country, and describes how to use them.
N-COUNT The spelling pharmacopeia is also used, mainly in American English.

pharmacy

[D.J.:ˈfɑ:məsi]

[K.K.:ˈfɑrməsi]

n.

制药, 配方, 制药学

药店; 药房

pharmacy *

1. pharmacy pharmacies
A pharmacy is a shop or a department in a shop where medicines are sold or given out. Compare chemist , drugstore .

- Make sure you understand exactly how to take your medicines before you leave the pharmacy.

- ...the pharmacy section of the drugstore.

N-COUNT

2. pharmacy
Pharmacy is the job or the science of preparing medicines.

- He spent four years studying pharmacy.

N-UNCOUNT

phase

[D.J.:feiz]

[K.K.:fez]

n.

阶段, 时期

(月亮、行星的)位相

vt.

分阶段计划[安排]

phased

[D.J.:feizd]

[K.K.:fezd]

adj.

定相的

phasing

[ˈfeiziŋ]

n.

定相,相位调整

phase ***

1. phase phases
A phase is a particular stage in a process or in the gradual development of something.

- This autumn, 6000 residents will participate in the first phase of the project.

- The crisis is entering a crucial, critical phase.

- Most kids will go through a phase of being faddy about what they eat.

N-COUNT
= period

2. phase phases phasing phased
If an action or change is phased over a period of time, it is done in stages.

- The redundancies will be phased over two years.

- Both countries agree on the need for a phased withdrawal of American forces from the Philippines.

VB: usu passive

3. phase
If two things are out of phase with each other, they are not working or happening together as they should. If two things are in phase , they are working or occurring together as they should.

- With most insects, the middle leg on one side moves in phase with the front and back legs on the other side.

- ...uncomfortable jet-lag symptoms of indigestion and out-of-phase sleeping and waking.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR

phase

noun

stage

chapter

development

juncture

period

point

position

step

time

phase in ***

phase in phases in; phasing in; phased in
If a new way of doing something is phased in , it is introduced gradually.

- The Health Secretary told Parliament that the reforms would be phased in over three years.

- The change is part of the government's policy of phasing in Arabic as the official academic language.

PHR-V

phase out ***

phase out phases out; phasing out; phased out
If something is phased out , people gradually stop using it.

- They said the present system of military conscription should be phased out.

- They phased out my job in favor of a computer.

PHR-V

phase out

verb

wind down

close

ease off

eliminate

pull out

remove

run down

terminate

wind up

withdraw

PhD

[D.J.:ˌpi:eɪtʃˈdi:]

n.

(哲学)博士学位

(用于人名后,表明该人获得了)哲学博士学位

(哲学)博士

PhD *

1. PhD PhDs
A PhD is a degree awarded to people who have done advanced research into a particular subject. PhD is an abbreviation for `Doctor of Philosophy'.

- He is more highly educated, with a PhD in Chemistry.

- ...an unpublished PhD thesis.

N-COUNT also Ph.D.

2. PhD
PhD is written after someone's name to indicate that they have a PhD.

- ...R.D. Combes, PhD.

also Ph.D.

pheasant

[D.J.:ˈfezənt]

[K.K.:ˈfɛzənt]

n.

雉;野鸡

野鸡肉

pheasant *

1. pheasant pheasants
A pheasant is a bird with a long tail. Pheasants are often shot as a sport and then eaten.
N-COUNT pheasant can also be used as the plural form

2. pheasant
Pheasant is the flesh of this bird eaten as food.

- ...roast pheasant.

N-UNCOUNT pheasant can also be used as the plural form

phenomena

[D.J.:fiˈnɔminə]

[K.K.:fɪˈnɑmənə]

n.

现象

phenomenon

[D.J.:fiˈnɔminən]

[K.K.:fɪˈnɑməˌnɑn, -nən]

n.

现象

特殊的人[事物]

phenomena

phenomena
Phenomena is the plural of phenomenon .

phenomenon **

phenomenon phenomena
A phenomenon is something that is observed to happen or exist. (FORMAL)

- ...scientific explanations of natural phenomena...

- This form of civil disobedience isn't a particularly new phenomenon.

N-COUNT

phenomenon

noun

1.

occurrence

circumstance

episode

event

fact

happening

incident

2.

wonder

exception

marvel

miracle

prodigy

rarity

sensation

phenomenal

[D.J.:fɪˈnɔmənəl]

[K.K.:fɪˈnɑmənəl]

adj.

非凡的

phenomenally

[fiˈnɔminəli]

adv.

现象上地,明白地

phenomenal *

1. phenomenal
Something that is phenomenal is so great or good that it is very unusual indeed.

- Exports of Australian wine are growing at a phenomenal rate.

- The performances have been absolutely phenomenal.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= incredible

2. phenomenally

- Scots-born Annie, 37, has recently re-launched her phenomenally successful singing career.

- Food production once again rose phenomenally, by 4 per cent or more a year.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv, ADV after v

phenomenal

adjective

extraordinary

exceptional

fantastic

marvellous

miraculous

outstanding

prodigious

remarkable

unusual

phenomenological

[fiˌnɔminəˈlɔdʒikəl,fəˌnɔminəˈlɔdʒikəl]

adj.

现象学的,现象的

phenomenology

[D.J.:fiˌnɔmiˈnɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:fɪˌnɑməˈnɑlədʒi]

n.

现象学

phenomenology

1. phenomenology
Phenomenology is a branch of philosophy which deals with consciousness, thought, and experience.
N-UNCOUNT

2. phenomenological

- ...a phenomenological approach to the definition of `reality'.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

pheromone

[D.J.:ˈferəməun]

[K.K.:ˈfɛrəˌmon]

n.

信息素

pheromone *

pheromone pheromones
Some animals and insects produce chemicals called pheromones which affect the behaviour of other animals and insects of the same type, for example by attracting them sexually. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

phew

[D.J.:fju:]

[K.K.:fju]

int.

(表示厌恶、不安、松一口气等)唷！呸！哎呀！

phew

phew
Phew is used in writing to represent the soft whistling sound that you make when you breathe out quickly, for example when you are relieved or shocked about something or when you are very hot.

- Phew, what a relief!

EXCLAM

phial

[D.J.:ˈfaɪəl]

[K.K.:ˈfaɪəl]

n.

小玻璃瓶

phial

phial phials
A phial is a small tube-shaped glass bottle used, for example, to hold medicine. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

philander

[D.J.:fɪˈlændə]

[K.K.:fɪˈlændɚ]

vi.

调戏,玩弄女性

philanderer

n.

philanderer

[fiˈlændərə]

n.

爱和女人调情的男人,玩弄女性的男人

philanderer

philanderer philanderers
If you say that a man is a philanderer , you mean that he has a lot of casual sexual relationships with women.
N-COUNT disapproval
= womanizer

philanderer

noun

womanizer informal

Casanova

Don Juan

flirt

ladies' man

lady-killer informal

Lothario

playboy

stud slang

wolf informal

philandering

1. philandering
A philandering man has a lot of casual sexual relationships with women.

- ...her philandering husband.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

2. philandering
Philandering means having a lot of casual sexual relationships with women.

- She intended to leave her husband because of his philandering.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl disapproval

philanthropic

[D.J.:ˌfɪlənˈθrɔpɪk]

[K.K.:ˌfɪlənˈθrɑpɪk]

adj.

博爱的,慈善的

philanthropically

adv.

philanthropy

[D.J.:fɪˈlænθrəpi:]

[K.K.:fɪˈlænθrəpi]

n.

博爱

慈善活动,慈善事业

philanthropic

adj.

philanthropist

n.

philanthropic

philanthropic
A philanthropic person or organization freely gives money or other help to people who need it.

- Some of the best services for the ageing are sponsored by philanthropic organizations.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

philanthropic

adjective

humanitarian

beneficent

benevolent

charitable

humane

kind

kind-hearted

munificent

public-spirited

philanthropist

[D.J.:fɪˈlænθrəpɪst]

[K.K.: fəˈlænθrəpɪst]

n.

慈善家

philanthropist

philanthropist philanthropists
A philanthropist is someone who freely gives money and help to people who need it.
N-COUNT

philanthropist

noun

humanitarian

benefactor

contributor

donor

giver

patron

philanthropy

philanthropy
Philanthropy is the giving of money to people who need it, without wanting anything in return.

- ...a retired banker well known for his philanthropy.

N-UNCOUNT

philanthropy

noun

humanitarianism

almsgiving

beneficence

benevolence

brotherly love

charitableness

charity

generosity

kind-heartedness

philatelist

[D.J.:fɪˈlætəlɪst]

[K.K.:fəˈlæt l..ɪst]

n.

集邮家

philately

[D.J.:fɪˈlætli:]

[K.K.:fɪˈlætli]

n.

集邮

philatelist

n.

philatelist

philatelist philatelists
A philatelist is a person who collects and studies postage stamps. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

philately

philately
Philately is the hobby of collecting and learning about postage stamps. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

-phile

-phile
-phile or -ophile occurs in words which refer to someone who has a very strong liking for people or things of a particular kind.

- ...the operaphile Hirotaro Higuchi, president of the tour's chief sponsors.

- ...essential reading for the culture-hungry Yankophile.

SUFFIX

philharmonic

[D.J.:filɑ:ˈmɔnik]

[K.K.:ˌfɪlhɑrˈmɑnɪk, ˌfɪlə-]

adj.

爱好音乐的

n.

交响乐团

philharmonic *

1. philharmonic
A philharmonic orchestra is a large orchestra which plays classical music.

- The Lithuanian Philharmonic Orchestra played Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. philharmonic
Also a noun.

- He will conduct the Vienna Philharmonic in the final concert of the season.

N-IN-NAMES

Philippine

[ˈfilipi:n]

adj.

菲律宾的,菲律宾人的

Philippine *

Philippine
Philippine means belonging or relating to the Philippines, or to their people or culture.
ADJ

philistine

[D.J.:ˈfɪlɪˌsti:n, fɪˈlɪstɪn, -ˌti:n]

[K.K.:ˈfɪlɪˌstin, fɪˈlɪstɪn, -ˌtin]

n.

市侩,庸人

adj.

市侩的,庸俗的,低级的

philistinism

n.

philistinism

[D.J.:ˈfilistinizəm]

[K.K.:ˈfɪlɪstiˌnɪzəm, fɪˈlɪstəˌnɪzəm, -tiˌnɪzəm]

n.

庸俗,没有文化修养

philistine

1. philistine philistines
If you call someone a philistine , you mean that they do not care about or understand good art, music, or literature, and do not think that they are important.
N-COUNT disapproval

2. philistine
You can use philistine to describe people or organizations who you think do not care about or understand the value of good art, music, or literature.

- ...a philistine government that is blamed for allowing the arts to decline.

- ...a philistine city lacking in elegance.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n disapproval

philistine

noun

1.

boor

barbarian

ignoramus

lout

lowbrow

vulgarian

yahoo

adjective

2.

uncultured

boorish

ignorant

lowbrow

tasteless

uncultivated

uneducated

unrefined

philistinism

philistinism
Philistinism is the attitude or quality of not caring about, understanding, or liking good art, music, or literature.
N-UNCOUNT disapproval

philological

[filəˈlɔdʒikəl]

adj.

语言学的,文献学的

philologist

[fiˈlɔlədʒist]

n.

语言学者,文献学者

philology

[D.J.:fɪˈlɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:fɪˈlɑlədʒi]

n.

语文学

philological

adj.

philologist

n.

philology

1. philology
Philology is the study of words, especially the history and development of the words in a particular language or group of languages.
N-UNCOUNT

2. philologist philologists

- He is a philologist, specialising in American poetry.

N-COUNT

philosopher

[D.J.:fiˈlɔsəfə]

[K.K.:fɪˈlɑsəfɚ]

n.

哲学家

豁达的人

philosopher **

1. philosopher philosophers
A philosopher is a person who studies or writes about philosophy.

- ...the Greek philosopher Plato.

N-COUNT

2. philosopher philosophers
If you refer to someone as a philosopher , you mean that they think deeply and seriously about life and other basic matters.
N-COUNT

philosopher

noun

thinker

logician

metaphysician

sage

theorist

wise man

philosophic

[ˌfiləˈsɔfik]

adj.

哲学的,贤明的

philosophic

philosophic
Philosophic means the same as philosophical .
ADJ-GRADED

philosophical

[D.J.:ˌfɪləˈsɔfɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl]

adj.

哲学上的

冷静的;明达的

philosophically

[D.J.:ˌfɪləˈs ɔfɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌfɪləˈs ɑfɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

哲学上；富有哲理性地

贤明地;冷静地

philosophical **

1. philosophical
Philosophical means concerned with or relating to philosophy.

- He was more accustomed to cocktail party chatter than to political or philosophical discussions.

ADJ

2. philosophically

- Wiggins says he's not a coward, but that he's philosophically opposed to war.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj, ADV with cl

3. philosophical
Someone who is philosophical does not get upset when disappointing or disturbing things happen.

- Lewis has grown philosophical about life.

ADJ-GRADED approval

4. philosophically

- She says philosophically: `It could have been far worse.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

philosophical philosophic

adjective

1.

wise

abstract

logical

rational

sagacious

theoretical

thoughtful

2.

stoical

calm

collected

composed

cool

serene

tranquil

unruffled

philosophize

[D.J.:fɪˈlɔsəˌfaɪz]

[K.K.:fɪˈlɑsəˌfaɪz]

vi.

推究哲理,哲理性思维或推理;推理,进行理论研究

philosophize

1. philosophize philosophizes philosophizing philosophized
If you say that someone is philosophizing , you mean that they are talking or thinking about important subjects, sometimes instead of doing something practical.

- He philosophized, he admitted, not because he was certain of establishing the truth, but because it gave him pleasure.

- ...a tendency to philosophize about racial harmony.

VB (BRIT) also philosophise
= theorize

2. philosophizing

- The General was anxious to cut short the philosophizing and get down to more urgent problems.

N-UNCOUNT

philosophy

[D.J.:fiˈlɔsəfi]

[K.K.:fɪˈlɑsəfi]

n.

哲学

人生哲学, 人生观

达观

philosophy ***

1. philosophy
Philosophy is the study or creation of theories about basic things such as the nature of existence, knowledge, and thought, or about how people should live.

- He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.

- ...a very detailed discussion of traditional Chinese philosophy.

N-UNCOUNT

2. philosophy philosophies
A philosophy is a particular set of ideas that a philosopher has.

- ...the philosophies of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

- ...a whole spectrum of political philosophies.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= ideology

3. philosophy philosophies
A philosophy is a particular theory that someone has about how to live or how to deal with a particular situation.

- The best philosophy is to change your food habits to a low-sugar, high-fibre diet.

- When I interviewed Shakira I felt in tune with her philosophy of life.

- Annie's work reflects her philosophy that life is full of mysteries.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n, N that

philosophy

noun

1.

thought

knowledge

logic

metaphysics

rationalism

reasoning

thinking

wisdom

2.

outlook

beliefs

convictions

doctrine

ideology

principles

tenets

thinking

values

viewpoint

world view

3.

stoicism

calmness

composure

equanimity

self-possession

serenity

phlegm

[D.J.:flem]

[K.K.:flɛm]

n.

痰

冷静,镇定

迟钝,冷漠

adj.

迟钝的; 冷淡的; 不动感情的

phlegm

phlegm
Phlegm is the thick yellowish substance that develops in your throat and at the back of your nose when you have a cold.
N-UNCOUNT
= mucus

phlegmatic

[D.J.:flegˈmætɪk]

[K.K.:flɛɡˈmætɪk]

adj.

冷静的,镇定的;迟钝的,冷漠的

phlegmatic

phlegmatic
Someone who is phlegmatic stays calm even when upsetting or exciting things happen. (FORMAL)

- ...a most phlegmatic man, steadily working on as the rain splashed down.

ADJ-GRADED
= stoic ≠ nervous

phlegmatic

adjective

unemotional

apathetic

impassive

indifferent

placid

stoical

stolid

undemonstrative

unfeeling

-phobe

-phobe
-phobe or -ophobe occurs in words which refer to someone who has a very strong, irrational fear or hatred of people or things of a particular kind.

- Its design makes it suitable for the computerphobe who just wants to type and see something come out looking right.

SUFFIX

phobia

[D.J.:ˈfəʊbi:ə]

[K.K.:ˈfobiə]

n.

恐惧, 厌恶

phobia *

phobia phobias
A phobia is a very strong irrational fear or hatred of something.

- The man had a phobia about flying.

N-COUNT: oft N about/of n/-ing

phobia

noun

terror

aversion

detestation

dread

fear

hatred

horror

loathing

repulsion

revulsion

thing informal

-phobia

-phobia
-phobia occurs in words which refer to a very strong, irrational fear or hatred of people or things of a particular kind.

- The place seethed with Europhobia.

- Technophobia increases with age.

SUFFIX

phobic

[D.J.:ˈfəubik]

[K.K.:ˈfobɪk]

adj.

病态性恐惧的

phobic

1. phobic
A phobic feeling or reaction results from or is related to a strong, irrational fear or hatred of something.

- Many children acquire a phobic horror of dogs.

ADJ

2. phobic
Someone who is phobic has a strong, irrational fear or hatred of something.

- In Victorian times people were phobic about getting on trains. They weren't used to it.

ADJ-GRADED

3. phobic phobics
Also a noun.

- Social phobics quake at the thought of meeting strangers.

N-COUNT

-phobic

-phobic
-phobic occurs in words which describe something relating to a strong, irrational fear or hatred of people or things of a particular kind.

- I'm statistic-phobic, and hopelessly ignorant of medicine.

SUFFIX

phoenix

[D.J.:ˈfi:nɪks]

[K.K.:ˈfinɪks]

n.

凤凰；长生鸟(神话中的鸟, 在阿拉伯沙漠中, 可活数百年, 然后自焚为灰而再生)

phoenix

1. phoenix phoenixes
A phoenix is an imaginary bird which, according to ancient stories, burns itself to ashes every five hundred years and is then born again.
N-COUNT: usu sing

2. phoenix
If you describe someone or something as a phoenix , you mean that they return again after seeming to disappear or be destroyed. (LITERARY)

- Out of the ashes of the economic shambles, a phoenix of recovery can arise.

N-SING

phone

[D.J.:fəun]

[K.K.:fon]

n.

电话

vt. & vi.

打电话(给某人)

phone ****

1. phone
The phone is an electrical system that you use to talk to someone else in another place, by dialling a number on a piece of equipment and speaking into it.

- `I didn't tell you over the phone,' she said. `I didn't know who might be listening.

- She looked forward to talking to her daughter by phone.

- Do you have an address and phone number for him?

N-SING: usu the N, also by N
= telephone

2. phone phones
The phone is the piece of equipment that you use when you dial someone's phone number and talk to them.

- Two minutes later the phone rang.

- Doug's 14-year-old son Jamie answered the phone.

N-COUNT: usu the N
= telephone

See also cellular phone , mobile phone .

3. phone
If you say that someone picks up or puts down the phone , you mean that they lift or replace the receiver.

- She picked up the phone, and began to dial Maurice Campbell's number.

- Trembling, she put the phone down. It rang again almost immediately.

N-SING: usu the N
= receiver

4. phone phones phoning phoned
When you phone someone, you dial their phone number and speak to them by phone.

- He'd phoned Laura to see if she was better.

- I got more and more angry as I waited for her to phone.

VB
= telephone ring

5. phone
If you say that someone is on the phone , you mean that they are speaking to someone else by phone.

- She's always on the phone, wanting to know what I've been up to.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

6. phone
If you are on the phone , you have a phone in your home or place of work, so that you can be contacted by phone. (mainly BRIT)

- The Frosts were not on the phone.

PHR: v-link PHR

phone

noun

1.

telephone

blower informal

2.

call

ring informal chiefly Brit.

tinkle Brit. informal

verb

3.

call

get on the blower informal

give someone a call

give someone a ring informal chiefly Brit.

give someone a tinkle Brit. informal

make a call

ring (up) informal chiefly Brit.

telephone

phone up ****

phone up phones up; phoning up; phoned up
When you phone someone up , you dial their phone number and speak to them by phone.

- Phone him up and tell him to come and have dinner with you one night.

PHR-V

phone book

phone book phone books
A phone book is a book that contains an alphabetical list of the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the people in a town or area.
N-COUNT
= directory

phone booth

1. phone booth phone booths
A phone booth is a place in a station, hotel, or other public building where there is a public telephone.
N-COUNT

2. phone booth phone booths
A phone booth is the same as a phone box . (AM)
N-COUNT
= call box phone box

phone box

phone box phone boxes
A phone box is a small shelter in the street in which there is a public telephone. (BRIT; in AM use phone booth )
N-COUNT

phone call **

phone call phone calls
If you make a phone call , you dial someone's phone number and speak to them by phone.

- Wait there for a minute. I have to make a phone call.

N-COUNT

phonecard

n.

电话磁卡

phonecard

phonecard phonecards
A phonecard is a plastic card that you can use instead of money in some public telephones.
N-COUNT also phone card

phone-in

(电台或电视台的)听众可来电话的直播节目(向主持人提问或作评论)

phone-in *

phone-in phone-ins
A phone-in is a programme on radio or television in which people telephone with questions or opinions and their calls are broadcast. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use call-in )

- She took part in a BBC radio phone-in programme.

N-COUNT

phoneme

[D.J.:ˈfəuni:m]

[K.K.:ˈfoˌnim]

n.

音位,音素

phoneme

phoneme phonemes
A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound which is significant in a language. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

phone-tapping

n.

(利用电子设备进行的)电话窃听

phone-tapping

phone-tapping
Phone-tapping is the activity of listening secretly to someone's phone conversations using special electronic equipment. In most cases phone-tapping is illegal.

- There have also been claims of continued phone-tapping and bugging.

N-UNCOUNT
See also tap .

phonetic

[D.J.:fəˈnetɪk]

[K.K.:fəˈnɛtɪk]

adj.

语音的,语音学的;音形一致的,表示语音的

phonetically

adv.

phonetically

adv.

按照发音地,语音学上

phonetics

[D.J.:fəˈnetɪks]

[K.K.:fəˈnɛtɪks]

n.

语音(学)

phonetics

1. phonetics
In linguistics, phonetics is the study of speech sounds.
N-UNCOUNT The form phonetic is used as a modifier

2. phonetics
Phonetic means relating to the sound of a word or to the sounds that are used in languages.

- ...the Japanese phonetic system, with its relatively few, simple sounds...

- I thought a phonetic spelling might aid in pronunciation.

ADJ: usu ADJ n The form phonetic is used as a modifier

3. phonetically

- It's wonderful to watch her now going through things phonetically learning how to spell things.

ADV: ADV with v

phoney

[D.J.:ˈfəʊni:]

[K.K.:ˈfoni]

adj.

假的;伪造的;不诚恳的

n.

冒充者,虚伪的人

phoney *

1. phoney
If you describe something as phoney , you disapprove of it because it is false rather than genuine. (INFORMAL)

- He'd telephoned with some phoney excuse she didn't believe for a minute.

- He didn't really have that moustache. It was phoney.

- He used a phoney accent.

ADJ-GRADED also phony . disapproval

2. phoney
If you say that someone is phoney , you disapprove of them because they are pretending to be someone that they are not in order to deceive people. (INFORMAL)

- He looks totally phoney to me.

- ...phoney `experts'.

ADJ-GRADED also phony . disapproval

3. phoney phoneys
Also a noun.

- `He's false, a phoney,' Harry muttered.

N-COUNT also phony .

phoney

adjective Informal

1.

fake

bogus

counterfeit

ersatz

false

imitation

pseudo informal

sham

noun

2.

fake

counterfeit

forgery

fraud

impostor

pseud informal

sham

phoney war

phoney war
A phoney war is when two opposing groups are openly hostile towards each other or are in competition with each other, as if they were at war, but there is no real fighting. (BRIT)

- There is a chance that the phoney war of the past three months will turn into real fighting.

N-SING also phony war .

phonic

[D.J.:ˈfəunik]

[K.K.:ˈfɑnɪk]

adj.

声音的,有声的,声学的

phonic

phonic
In linguistics, phonic means relating to the sounds of speech. (TECHNICAL)

- ...the phonic system underlying a particular language.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

phonograph

[D.J.:ˈfəʊnəˌgræf]

[K.K.:ˈfonəˌɡræf]

n.

<美>留声机

phonograph

phonograph phonographs
A phonograph is a record player. (AM; ALSO BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...old phonograph records.

N-COUNT

phonology

[D.J.:fəuˈnɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:fəˈnɑlədʒi, fo-]

n.

音韵学,语音体系

phonology

phonology
In linguistics, phonology is the study of speech sounds in a particular language. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

phosphate

[D.J.:ˈfɔsˌfeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈfɑsˌfet]

n.

磷酸盐(尤指用作肥料)

phosphate *

phosphate phosphates
A phosphate is a chemical compound that contains phosphorus. Phosphates are often used in fertilizers.
N-MASS

phosphorescence

[D.J.:ˌfɔsfəˈresəns]

[K.K.:ˌfɑsfəˈrɛsəns]

n.

磷光(现象)

phosphoresce

vi.

phosphorescent

adj.

phosphorescent

[ˌfɔsfəˈresnt]

adj.

发出磷光的,磷光性的

phosphorescence

phosphorescence
Phosphorescence is a glow or soft light which is produced in the dark without using heat.
N-UNCOUNT

phosphorescent

phosphorescent
A phosphorescent object or colour glows in the dark with a soft light, but gives out little or no heat.

- ...phosphorescent paint.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= luminescence

phosphoric acid

phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid is a type of acid which contains phosphorus. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

phosphorus

[D.J.:ˈfɔsfərəs]

[K.K.:ˈfɑsfərəs]

n.

磷

phosphorus *

phosphorus
Phosphorus is a poisonous yellowish-white chemical element. It glows slightly, and burns when air touches it.
N-UNCOUNT

photo

[D.J.:ˈfəutəu]

[K.K.:ˈfoto]

n.

照片, 相片

vt. & vi.

(给…)拍照

photo *****

photo photos
A photo is the same as a photograph .

- We must take a photo!.

- I've got a photo of him on the wall.

N-COUNT

photo-

pref.

表示“光,照相,像片”之义

photo-

photo-
Photo- is added to nouns and adjectives in order to form other nouns and adjectives which refer or relate to photography or photographic processes, or to light.

- ...an eight-day photo-trip to northern Greece.

- ...a photo-sensitive detector system.

PREFIX

photocopier

[D.J.:ˈfəʊtəˌkɔpi:ə]

[K.K.:ˈfotəˌkɑpiɚ]

n.

影印机,复印机

photocopier

photocopier photocopiers
A photocopier is a machine which quickly copies documents onto paper by photographing them.
N-COUNT

photocopy

[D.J.:ˈfəʊtəˌkɔpi:]

[K.K.:ˈfotəˌkɑpi]

n.

影印本

photocopy *

1. photocopy photocopies
A photocopy is a copy of a document made using a photocopier.
N-COUNT

2. photocopy photocopies photocopying photocopied
If you photocopy a document, you make a copy of it using a photocopier.

- Staff photocopied the cheque before cashing it.

VB

photo-finish

photo-finish photo-finishes
If the end of a race is a photo-finish , two or more of the competitors cross the finishing line so close together that a photograph of the finish has to be examined to decide who has won.

- He was just beaten in a photo-finish.

N-COUNT also photo finish .

Photofit

[ˈfəutəufit]

n.

(警方根据证人对嫌疑犯或罪犯脸部和头发特征的描述综合多张照片而成的)照片拼凑人像法

Photofit

Photofit Photofits
A Photofit is a picture of someone wanted by the police which is made up of several photographs or drawings of different parts of the face. Compare identikit . (BRIT, TRADEMARK)

- The girl sat down with a police artist to compile a Photofit of her attacker.

N-COUNT

photogenic

[D.J.:ˌfəutəuˈdʒenik]

[K.K.:ˌfotəˈdʒɛnɪk]

n.

易上镜头的

photogenic

photogenic
Someone who is photogenic looks nice in photographs.

- I've got a million photos of my boy. He's very photogenic.

ADJ-GRADED

photograph

[D.J.:ˈfəutəɡrɑ:f]

[K.K.:ˈfotəˌɡræf]

n.

照片, 相片

vt. & vi.

(给…)拍照

photograph ****

1. photograph photographs
A photograph is a picture that is made using a camera.

- He wants to take some photographs of the house.

- Her photograph appeared on the front page of The New York Times.

N-COUNT

2. photograph photographs photographing photographed
When you photograph someone or something, you use a camera to obtain a picture of them.

- She photographed the children.

- I hate being photographed.

- They were photographed kissing on the platform.

VB

photograph

noun

1.

picture

photo informal

print

shot

snap informal

snapshot

transparency

verb

2.

take a picture of

film

record

shoot

snap informal

take (someone's) picture

photographer

[D.J.:fɵˈtɔgrəfə]

n.

摄影者;(尤指)摄影师

photographer ***

photographer photographers
A photographer is someone who takes photographs as a job or hobby.

- ...a group of TV cameramen and press photographers.

- ...a keen amateur photographer with a special interest in natural history subjects.

N-COUNT

photographic

[D.J.:ˌfəʊtəˈgræfɪk]

[K.K.:ˌfotəˈɡræfɪk]

adj.

摄影(术)的;摄影用的;摄制的

(指某人的记忆)记得详细准确的

photographically

摄影术地

photographic **

1. photographic
Photographic means connected with photographs or photography.

- ...photographic equipment...

- The bank is able to provide photographic evidence of who used the machine.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. photographically

- ...photographically reproduced copies of his notes.

ADV

3. photographic
If you have a photographic memory, you are able to remember things in great detail after you have seen them.

- He had a photographic memory for maps.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

photographic

adjective

1.

lifelike

graphic

natural

pictorial

realistic

visual

vivid

2.

accurate

exact

faithful

precise

retentive

photography

[D.J.:fəˈtɔgrəfi:]

[K.K.:fəˈtɑɡrəfi]

n.

摄影术

photography **

photography
Photography is the skill, job, or process of producing photographs.

- Photography is one of her hobbies.

- ...some of the top names in fashion photography.

N-UNCOUNT

photojournalism

[D.J.:ˌfəutəuˈdʒə:nəlizm]

[K.K.:ˌfotoˈdʒɚnəˌlɪzəm]

n.

摄影新闻工作

photojournalist

摄影记者

photojournalism

1. photojournalism
Photojournalism is a form of journalism in which stories are presented mainly through photographs rather than words.

- ...some of the finest photo-journalism of the Civil Rights era.

N-UNCOUNT also photo-journalism .

2. photojournalist photojournalists

- ...the agency for many international photojournalists, Magnum Photos.

N-COUNT

photon

[D.J.:ˈfəʊˌtɔn]

[K.K.:ˈfoˌtɑn]

n.

<物>光子;光量子

photons

n.

光子,光量子

photon *

photon photons
A photon is a particle of light. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

photo opportunity

photo opportunity photo opportunities
If a politician or other public figure arranges a photo opportunity , they invite the newspapers and television to photograph them doing something which they think will interest or impress the public.
N-COUNT

photostat

[D.J.:ˈfəutəustæt]

[K.K.:ˈfotəˌstæt]

n.

直接复印件,直接复印机

vt.

复印照片

photostat

photostat photostats
A photostat is a particular type of photocopy. (TRADEMARK)

- ...a photostat of the actual script.

N-COUNT

photosynthesis

[D.J.:ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθɪsɪs]

[K.K.:ˌfotoˈsɪnθɪsɪs]

n.

光合作用; 光能合成

photosynthesis

photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the way that green plants make their food using sunlight. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

phrasal verb

phrasal verb phrasal verbs
A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and an adverb or preposition, for example `shut up' or `look after', which together have a particular meaning.
N-COUNT

phrase

[D.J.:freiz]

[K.K.:frez]

n.

〈语〉短语, 词组; 成语

说法, 简洁的语句, 警句

vt.

叙述; 措词

phrasing

[D.J.:ˈfreiziŋ]

[K.K.:ˈfrezɪŋ]

n.

措词

phrase ***

1. phrase phrases
A phrase is a short group of words that people often use as a way of saying something. The meaning of a phrase is often not obvious from the meaning of the individual words in it.

- He used a phrase I hate: `You have to be cruel to be kind.'

- ...the American phrase `laying an egg' meaning to fail at something.

N-COUNT

2. phrase phrases
A phrase is a small group of words which forms a unit, either on its own or within a sentence.

- A writer spends many hours going over and over a scene -- changing a phrase here, a word there.

N-COUNT

3. phrase phrases phrasing phrased
If you phrase something in a particular way, you express it in words in that way.

- I would have phrased it quite differently.

- The speech was carefully phrased.

- They phrased it as a question.

VB
= express put

4. phrase
If someone has a particular turn of phrase , they have a particular way of expressing themselves in words.

- Rose's stories weren't bad; she had a nice turn of phrase.

- ...Schwarzkopf's distinctive turn of phrase.

PHR: N inflects
to coin a phrase : see coin .

phrasing

1. phrasing
The phrasing of something that is said or written is the exact words that are chosen to express the ideas in it.

- The phrasing of the question was vague.

- ...a letter to the Pope, which necessitates careful phrasing.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= wording

2. phrasing
The phrasing of someone who is singing, playing a piece of music, acting, or reading something aloud is the way in which they divide up the work by pausing slightly in appropriate places.

- ...certain features that make a performance good or bad -- the timing, the phrasing, and so on.

N-UNCOUNT

phrase

noun Of a person's memory

1.

expression

group of words

idiom

remark

saying

verb

2.

express

put

put into words

say

voice

word

phrase book

phrase book phrase books
A phrase book is a book used by people travelling to a foreign country. It has lists of useful words and expressions, together with the translation of each word or expression in the language of that country.

- We bought a Danish phrase book.

N-COUNT

phraseological

[ˌfreiziəˈlɔdʒikl]

adj.

措词上的,语法上的

phraseology

[D.J.:ˌfreɪzi:ˈɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˌfreziˈɑlədʒi]

n.

说法,措词,用语,表达方式,术语

phraseological

adj.

phraseology

phraseology
If something is expressed using a particular type of phraseology , it is expressed in words and expressions of that type.

- This careful phraseology is clearly intended to appeal to various sides of the conflict.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
= terminology

phraseology

noun

wording

choice of words

expression

idiom

language

parlance

phrase

phrasing

speech

style

syntax

phrenologist

n.

颅相学者

phrenology

[D.J.:friˈnɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:frɪˈnɑlədʒi]

n.

颅相学

phrenology

1. phrenology
Phrenology is the study of the size and shape of people's heads in the belief that you can find out about their characters and abilities from this.

- ...the ancient science of phrenology.

N-UNCOUNT

2. phrenologist phrenologists

- Queen Victoria had her own personal phrenologist.

N-COUNT

physical

[D.J.:ˈfizikəl]

[K.K.:ˈfɪzɪkəl]

adj.

身体的, 肉体的

物质的

自然规律的, 按自然法则的

自然(界)的

物理学的

n.

身体检查, 体格检查

physically

[D.J.:ˈfɪzɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈfɪzɪkl..ɪ]

adv.

体格上，身体上

<非正>完全地

physicals

实际货物

physical ****

1. physical
Physical qualities, actions, or things are connected with a person's body, rather than with their mind.

- ...the physical and mental problems caused by the illness...

- Physical activity promotes good health.

- The attraction between them is physical.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. physically

- You may be physically and mentally exhausted after a long flight.

- ...disabled people who cannot physically use a telephone.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v

3. physical
Physical things are real things that can be touched and seen, rather than ideas or spoken words.

- Physical and ideological barriers had come down in Eastern Europe.

- ...physical evidence to support the story.

- ...the physical similarities among the towns.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. physically

- ...physically cut off from every other country.

ADV

5. physical
Physical means relating to the structure, size, or shape of something that can be touched and seen.

- ...the physical characteristics of the terrain.

- ...the physical properties (weight, volume, hardness, etc.) of a substance.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. physical
Physical means connected with physics or the laws of physics.

- ...the physical laws of combustion and thermodynamics.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. physical
Someone who is physical touches people a lot, either in an affectionate way or in a rough way.

- We decided that in the game we would be physical and aggressive.

ADJ-GRADED

8. physical
Physical is used in expressions such as physical love and physical relationships to refer to sexual relationships between people.

- the book celebrated the sublime joys of physical love.

- It had been years since they had shared any meaningful form of physical relationship.

ADJ: ADJ n

9. physical physicals
A physical is a medical examination, done in order to see if someone is fit and well enough to do a particular job or to join the army.

- Bob failed his physical.

- Routine physicals are done by a nurse.

N-COUNT
= medical

physical

adjective

1.

bodily

corporal

corporeal

earthly

fleshly

incarnate

mortal

2.

material

natural

palpable

real

solid

substantial

tangible

physical education

physical education
Physical education is the school subject in which children do physical exercises or take part in physical games and sports.
N-UNCOUNT
= PE games

physicality

[fiziˈkæliti]

n.

肉体性

physicality

physicality
If you refer to the physicality of something such as an artist's or a musician's work, you mean that their energy and enthusiasm is obvious in the work they produce.

- There's not another guitarist to rival the sheer physicality of his work.

N-UNCOUNT

physical science

physical science physical sciences
The physical sciences are branches of science such as physics, chemistry, and geology that are concerned with natural forces and with things that do not have life.

- ...the rapid growth of interest in both the natural and physical sciences.

N-COUNT: usu pl

physical therapy

physical therapy.
Physical therapy is the same as physiotherapy .
N-UNCOUNT

physician

[D.J.:fiˈziʃən]

[K.K.:fɪˈzɪʃən]

n.

医生, 内科医生

physician **

physician physicians
A physician is a doctor. (mainly AM, FORMAL; ALSO BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

physician

noun

doctor

doc informal

doctor of medicine

general practitioner

G.P.

M.D.

medic informal

medical practitioner

physicist

[D.J.:ˈfizisist]

[K.K.:ˈfɪzɪsɪst]

n.

物理学家

physicist **

physicist physicists
A physicist is a person who does research connected with physics or who studies physics.

- ...a nuclear physicist.

N-COUNT

physics

[D.J.:ˈfiziks]

[K.K.:ˈfɪzɪks]

n.

物理学

physics **

physics
Physics is the scientific study of forces such as heat, light, sound, pressure, gravity, and electricity, and the way that they affect objects.

- ...the laws of physics.

- ...experiments in particle physics.

N-UNCOUNT

physio

n.

理疗,物理疗法

physio

1. physio physios
A physio is a physiotherapist . (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The athlete is checked by their physio or doctor.

N-COUNT
= physiotherapist

2. physio
Physio is physiotherapy . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I have been for some physio.

N-UNCOUNT
= physiotherapy

physiognomy

[D.J.:ˌfiziˈɔnəmi]

[K.K.:ˌfɪziˈɑɡnəmi, -ˈɑnəmi]

n.

人相学,人相,脸,相面术,相貌,地貌,地势

physiognomy

physiognomy physiognomies
Your physiognomy is your face, especially when it is considered to show your real character. (FORMAL)

- He was fascinated by her physiognomy -- the prominent nose, brooding eyes and thick hair.

N-COUNT
= face

physiological

[D.J.:ˌfiziəˈlɔdʒikəl]

[K.K.:ˌfɪziəˈlɑdʒɪkəl]

adj.

生理学的

生理的

physiologist

[ˌfiziˈɔlədʒist]

n.

生理学者

physiology

[D.J.:ˌfɪzi:ˈɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˌfɪziˈɑlədʒi]

n.

生理学

physiology *

1. physiology
Physiology is the scientific study of how people's and animals' bodies function, and of how plants function.

- ...the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology.

N-UNCOUNT

2. physiologist physiologists

- ... a retired plant physiologist.

N-COUNT

3. physiology
The physiology of a human or animal's body or of a plant is the way that it functions.

- ...the physiology of respiration.

- ...insect physiology.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

4. physiological

- ...the physiological effects of stress.

ADJ

5. physiologically

- Camels are among the most physiologically resilient creatures on Earth.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v

physiotherapist

理疗医师

physiotherapist *

physiotherapist physiotherapists
A physiotherapist is a person who treats people using physiotherapy.
N-COUNT
= physio

physiotherapy

[D.J.:ˌfiziəuˈθerəpi]

[K.K.:ˌfɪzioˈθɛrəpi]

n.

物理疗法

physiotherapy

physiotherapy
Physiotherapy is medical treatment for problems of the joints, muscles, or nerves, which involves doing exercises or having part of your body massaged or warmed.

- He'll need intensive physiotherapy.

N-UNCOUNT

physique

[D.J.:fɪˈzi:k]

[K.K.:fɪˈzik]

n.

体格

physique *

physique physiques
Someone's physique is the shape and size of their body.

- He has the physique and energy of a man half his age.

- ...men of powerful physique.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp
= build

physique

noun

build

body

constitution

figure

form

frame

shape

structure

pi

[D.J.:pai]

[K.K.:paɪ]

n.

圆周率(π)

pi

pi
Pi is a number, approximately 3.142, which is equal to the distance round a circle divided by its width. It is usually represented by the Greek letter $#x03C0;.
NUM

pianissimo

[D.J.:pjæˈnisiməu,piəˈnisiməu]

[K.K.:ˌpiəˈnɪsəˌmo]

adv.

极弱地

n.

乐曲中以最弱音演奏之一节或一个乐章

pianissimo

pianissimo
A piece of music that is played pianissimo is played very quietly. (TECHNICAL)
ADV: ADV after v
≠ fortissimo

pianist

[D.J.:pi:ˈænɪst, ˈpi:ənɪst]

[K.K.:piˈænɪst, ˈpiənɪst]

n.

钢琴家

pianist *

pianist pianists
A pianist is a person who plays the piano.

- ...the brilliant Romanian pianist Radu Lupu.

N-COUNT

piano

[D.J.:piˈænəu]

[K.K.:piˈæno, ˈpjæno]

n.

钢琴

piano **

1. piano pianos
A piano is a large musical instrument with a row of black and white keys. When you press these keys with your fingers, little hammers hit wire strings inside the piano which vibrate to produce musical notes.

- I taught myself how to play the piano.

- He started piano lessons at the age of 7.

- ...sonatas for cello and piano.

- ...Rachmaninov's Fourth Piano Concerto.

N-VAR: oft the N
See also grand piano , upright piano .

2. piano
A piece of music that is played piano is played quietly. (TECHNICAL)
ADV: ADV after v

pianoforte

[D.J.:pi:ˌænəʊˈfɔ:teɪ, -ˈfɔ:ti:, pi:ˈænəʊˌfɔ:t]

[K.K.:piˌænoˈfɔrte, -ˈfɔrti, piˈænoˌfɔrt]

n.

钢琴(旧称)

pianoforte

pianoforte pianofortes
A pianoforte is a piano . (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

pianola

[pjæˈnəulə]

n.

自动钢琴,轻而易举之事

pianola

pianola pianolas
A pianola is a type of mechanical piano. When you press the pedals, air is forced through holes in a roll of paper to press the keys and play a tune. (TRADEMARK) (BRIT; in AM use player piano )
N-VAR: oft the N

piazza

[D.J.:pi:ˈæzə, -ˈɑ:zə]

[K.K.:piˈæzə, -ˈɑzə]

n.

广场;市场

piazza *

piazza piazzas
A piazza is a large open square in a town or city, especially in Italy.

- They were seated at a table outside a pub in a pleasant piazza close by St Paul's.

- Turn south at Mulinello to reach Piazza Armerina.

N-COUNT: oft in names before n

pic

[D.J.:pik]

[K.K.:pɪk]

n.

照片,电影

pic *

1. pic pics
A pic is a cinema film. (INFORMAL)

- `Angels with Dirty Faces' is a Cagney gangster pic.

N-COUNT
= picture

2. pic pics
A pic is a photograph. (INFORMAL)

- Photographer Weegee shot to fame with his shocking pics of New York crime in the 30s.

N-COUNT
= picture

picaresque

[D.J.:ˌpikəˈresk]

[K.K.:ˌpɪkəˈrɛsk, ˌpikə-]

adj.

以歹徒为题材的

n.

歹徒

picaresque

picaresque
A picaresque story is one in which a dishonest but likeable person travels around and has lots of exciting experiences. (LITERARY)

- ...a picaresque novel about the life and crimes of Joey Blueglass.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

piccolo

[D.J.:ˈpɪkəˌləʊ]

[K.K.:ˈpɪkəˌlo]

n.

短笛

adj.

(乐器)小型的

piccolo

piccolo piccolos
A piccolo is a small musical instrument that is like a flute but produces higher notes.
N-VAR

pick

[D.J.:pik]

[K.K.:pɪk]

vt. & vi.

采, 摘

啄, 叼, 啃

vt.

挑选, 选择

挖, 剔

n.

挑选; 选择

最佳选择, 精华

镐, 锄

picked

[D.J.:pikt]

[K.K.:pɪkt]

adj.

精选的,摘下的

picking

[D.J.:ˈpikiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpɪkɪŋ]

v.

采摘

pick ****

1. pick picks picking picked
If you pick a particular person or thing, you choose that one.

- Mr Nowell had picked ten people to interview for six sales jobs in London.

- I had deliberately picked a city with a tropical climate.

VB
= choose

2. pick
You can refer to the best things or people in a particular group as the pick of that group.

- The boys here are the pick of the under-15 cricketers in the country.

- We had the pick of suits from the shop.

N-SING: the N, usu the N of n
= cream

3. pick picks picking picked
When you pick flowers, fruit, or leaves, you break them off the plant or tree and collect them.

- She used to pick flowers in the Cromwell Road.

- He helps his mother pick fruit.

VB

4. pick picks picking picked
If you pick something from a place, you remove it from there with your fingers or your hand.

- He picked the napkin from his lap and placed it alongside his plate.

- He picked the telephone off the wall bracket.

VB

5. pick picks picking picked
If you pick your nose or teeth , you remove substances from inside your nose or between your teeth.

- Edgar, don't pick your nose, dear.

- He had just had a meal and was picking his teeth after it.

VB

6. pick picks picking picked
If you pick a fight or quarrel with someone, you deliberately cause one.

- He picked a fight with a waiter and landed in jail.

- He was clearly in a mood to pick a quarrel with anybody.

VB

7. pick picks picking picked
If someone such as a thief picks a lock, they open it without a key, for example by using a piece of wire.

- He picked each lock deftly, and rifled the papers within each drawer.

VB

8. pick picks
A pick is the same as a pickaxe .
N-COUNT

9. pick
If you pick and choose , you carefully choose only things that you really want and reject the others.

- As a vocational teacher I could pretty much pick and choose my work.

- We, the patients, cannot pick and choose our doctors.

PHR: Vs inflect, usu PHR n

10. pick
If you have your pick of a group of things, you are able to choose any of them that you want.

- Here is an actress who could have her pick of any part.

- Klein could have had his pick of the world's top models.

PHR: V inflects, PHR of n

11. pick
If you are told to take your pick , you can choose any one that you like from a group of things.

- Accountants can take their pick of company cars.

- Take your pick from ten luxury hotels.

- See our selection of autumn favourites and take your pick.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR of/from n

12. pick
If you pick your way across an area, you walk across it very carefully in order to avoid obstacles or dangerous things.

- The girls were afraid of snakes and picked their way along with extreme caution.

- I moved away from the shack and picked my way among the rubble.

PHR: V inflects, PHR prep/adv

pick up ****

1. pick up picks up; picking up; picked up
When you pick something up , you lift it up.

- He picked his cap up from the floor and stuck it back on his head.

- Ridley picked up a pencil and fiddled with it.

PHR-V

2. pick up picks up; picking up; picked up
When you pick yourself up after you have fallen or been knocked down, you stand up rather slowly.

- Anthony picked himself up and set off along the track.

PHR-V

3. pick up picks up; picking up; picked up
When you pick up someone or something that is waiting to be collected, you go to the place where they are and take them away, often in a car.

- We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.

- She was going over to her parents' house to pick up some clean clothes for Owen.

- I picked her up at Covent Garden to take her to lunch with my mother.

PHR-V

4. pick up picks up; picking up; picked up
If someone is picked up by the police, they are arrested and taken to a police station.

- Rawlings had been picked up by police at his office.

- The police picked him up within the hour.

PHR-V

5. pick up picks up; picking up; picked up
If you pick up something such as a skill or an idea, you acquire it without effort over a period of time. (INFORMAL)

- Where did you pick up your English?.

- Young people are picking up ideas about good drugs and bad drugs.

PHR-V

6. pick up picks up; picking up; picked up
If you pick up someone you do not know, you talk to them and try to start a sexual relationship with them. (INFORMAL)

- He had picked her up at a nightclub on Kallari Street, where she worked as a singer.

PHR-V

7. pick up picks up; picking up; picked up
If you pick up an illness, you get it from somewhere or something.

- They've picked up a really nasty infection from something they've eaten.

PHR-V
= catch

8. pick up picks up; picking up; picked up
If a piece of equipment, for example a radio or a microphone, picks up a signal or sound, it receives it or detects it.

- We can pick up Italian television.

- The crew of Philante picked up a distress signal from the yacht Sans Peur III.

PHR-V
= receive

9. pick up picks up; picking up; picked up
If you pick up something, such as a feature or a pattern, you discover or identify it.

- Consumers in Europe are slow to pick up trends in the use of information technology.

PHR-V

10. pick up picks up; picking up; picked up
If someone picks up a point or topic that has already been mentioned, or if they pick up on it, they refer to it or develop it.

- Can I just pick up that gentleman's point?.

- I'll pick up on what I said a couple of minutes ago.

PHR-V

11. pick up picks up; picking up; picked up
If trade or the economy of a country picks up , it improves.

- Chinese officials hope that trade will pick up when the two countries switch to hard currency.

- Industrial production is beginning to pick up.

PHR-V
= improve

12. pick up picks up; picking up; picked up
If someone picks up , or their health picks up , they get better.

- A good dose of tonic will help you to pick up.

PHR-V

13. pick up picks up; picking up; picked up
If you pick someone up on something that they have said or done, you mention it and tell them that you think it is wrong. (mainly BRIT)

- If I may pick you up on that point.

- Don't pick me up on words.

PHR-V

14. pick
When you pick up the pieces after a disaster, you do what you can to get the situation back to normal again.

- Do we try and prevent problems or do we try and pick up the pieces afterwards?.

- She died, and somehow I never picked up the pieces and started again.

PHR: V inflects

15. pick
When a vehicle picks up speed , it begins to move more quickly.

- Brian started the engine and pulled away slowly, but picked up speed once he entered Oakwood Drive.

PHR: V inflects
= accelerate

pick

verb

1.

select

choose

decide upon

elect

fix upon

hand-pick

opt for

settle upon

single out

2.

gather

collect

harvest

pluck

pull

3.

nibble

have no appetite

peck at

play or toy with

push the food round the plate

4.

provoke

incite

instigate

start

5.

open

break into

break open

crack

force

noun

6.

choice

decision

option

preference

selection

7.

the best

crème de la crème

elect

elite

the cream

pick up

verb

1.

lift

gather

grasp

raise

take up

uplift

2.

obtain

buy

come across

find

purchase

3.

recover

be on the mend

get better

improve

mend

rally

take a turn for the better

turn the corner

4.

learn

acquire

get the hang of informal

master

5.

collect

call for

get

pick at ****

pick at picks at; picking at; picked at
If you pick at the food that you are eating, you eat only very small amounts of it.

- Sarah picked at a plate of cheese for supper, but she wasn't really hungry.

PHR-V
= nibble

pick off ****

pick off picks off; picking off; picked off
If someone picks off people or aircraft, they shoot them down one by one, aiming carefully at them from a distance.

- Both groups on either side are just picking off innocent bystanders.

- Any decent shot with telescopic sights could pick us off at random.

PHR-V

pick on ****

1. pick on picks on; picking on; picked on
If someone picks on you, they repeatedly criticize you unfairly or treat you unkindly. (INFORMAL)

- Bullies pick on younger children.

- Mr Adams was repeatedly bullied and picked on by manageress Elizabeth Archer.

PHR-V
= get at

2. pick on picks on; picking on; picked on
If someone picks on a particular person or thing, they choose them, for example for special attention or treatment. (mainly BRIT)

- When you have made up your mind, pick on a day when you will not be under much stress.

- I picked on simple things -- rice and peas, meat and bread.

PHR-V
= pick

pick on

verb

torment

badger

bait

bully

goad

hector

tease

pick out ****

1. pick out picks out; picking out; picked out
If you pick out someone or something, you recognize them when it is difficult to see them, for example because they are among a large group.

- The detective-constable picked out the words with difficulty.

- Steven describes himself as `a regular guy -- you couldn't pick me out of a crowd'.

PHR-V
= spot

2. pick out picks out; picking out; picked out
If you pick out someone or something, you choose them from a group of people or things.

- I will pick out three new plays particularly.

- I have been picked out to represent the whole team.

- There are so many great newscasters it's difficult to pick one out.

PHR-V
= choose select

3. pick out picks out; picking out; picked out
If part of something is picked out in a particular colour, it is painted in that colour so that it can be seen clearly beside the other parts.

- The name is picked out in gold letters over the shop-front.

PHR-V: usu passive
= highlight

pick out

verb

identify

discriminate

distinguish

make out

perceive

recognize

tell apart

pick over ****

pick over picks over; picking over; picked over
If you pick over a quantity of things, you examine them carefully, for example to reject the ones you do not want.

- Pick over the fruit and pile on top of the cream.

PHR-V

pickaxe

[D.J.:ˈpiˌkæks]

[K.K.:ˈpɪkˌæks]

n.

镐

pickaxe

pickaxe pickaxes
A pickaxe is a large tool consisting of a curved, pointed piece of metal with a long handle joined to the middle. Pickaxes are used for breaking up rocks or the ground.
N-COUNT (AM) pickax
= pick

picker

[D.J.:ˈpɪkə]

n.

采摘者;采集者;采摘机;采摘工具

picker *

picker pickers
A fruit picker or cotton picker , for example, is a person who picks fruit or cotton, usually for money.
N-COUNT: usu supp N

picket

[D.J.:ˈpikit]

[K.K.:ˈpɪkɪt]

n.

罢工纠察员

vt.

监视

vi.

当纠察员

picket *

1. picket pickets picketing picketed
When a group of people, usually trade union members, picket a place of work, they stand outside it in order to protest about something, to prevent people from going in, or to persuade the workers to join a strike.

- The miners went on strike and picketed the power stations.

- 100 union members and supporters picketed outside.

VB

2. picket pickets
Also a noun.

- ...forty demonstrators who have set up a twenty four hour picket.

N-COUNT

3. picketing

- There was widespread picketing of mines where work was continuing.

N-UNCOUNT

4. picket pickets
Pickets are people who are picketing a place of work.

- Ten hotels were damaged by pickets in the weekend strike of hotel workers.

- The strikers agreed to remove their pickets and hold talks with the government.

N-COUNT

picket

noun

1.

protester

demonstrator

picketer

2.

lookout

guard

patrol

sentinel

sentry

watch

3.

stake

pale

paling

post

stanchion

upright

verb

4.

blockade

boycott

demonstrate

picket fence

picket fence picket fences
A picket fence is a fence made of pointed wooden sticks fixed into the ground, with pieces of wood nailed across them.
N-COUNT

picket line *

picket line picket lines
A picket line is a group of pickets outside a place of work.

- The miners are trying to get factory workers to join them on the picket line.

- No one tried to cross the picket lines.

N-COUNT

pickings

[ˈpikiŋs]

n.

①轻易挣得的或来路不正的财物、好处、利益等②残留的食物等

pickings

pickings
You can refer to the money that can be made easily in a particular place or area of activity as the pickings .

- Traditional hiding places are easy pickings for experienced burglars.

- Other rich pickings, including season ticket sales, are expected to exceed last year's £3m.

N-PLURAL: usu supp N

pickle

[D.J.:ˈpɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈpɪkəl]

vt.

腌渍(泡菜等)

n.

腌菜

in a (real, right, etc.) pickle

处于困境；遇到麻烦

pickled

[D.J.:ˈpikld]

[K.K.:ˈpɪkəld]

adj.

烂醉如泥的,盐渍的

pickling

[ˈpikliŋ]

n.

浸酸,酸洗,浸蚀[洗,封,藏]

pickle *

1. pickle pickles
Pickles are vegetables or fruit, sometimes cut into pieces, which have been kept in vinegar or salt water for a long time so that they have a strong, sharp taste.

- Another strong Yorkshire country tradition is making pickles and chutneys.

N-PLURAL

2. pickle pickles
Pickle is a cold spicy sauce with pieces of vegetables and fruit in it.

- ...jars of pickle.

N-MASS

3. pickle pickles pickling pickled
When you pickle food, you keep it in vinegar or salt water so that it does not go bad and it develops a strong, sharp taste.

- Select your favourite fruit or veg and pickle them while they are still fresh.

- Herrings can be salted, smoked and pickled.

VB

4. pickling

- Small pickling onions can be used instead of sliced ones.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

5. pickle
If you are in a pickle , you are in a difficult and awkward situation. (INFORMAL)

- Companies find themselves in a pickle when their markets change.

- Caroline had sure as hell got herself into a pickle this time.

N-SING: a N
= mess jam

pickled *

1. pickled
Pickled food, such as vegetables, fruit, and fish, has been kept in vinegar or salt water to preserve them.

- ...a jar of pickled fruit.

- ...little tins of pickled herring.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. pickled
If you say that someone is pickled , you mean that they are drunk. (INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= plastered

pickle

noun

1.

predicament

bind informal

difficulty

dilemma

fix informal

hot water informal

jam informal

quandary

scrape informal

tight spot

verb

2.

preserve

marinade

steep

pick-me-up

[D.J.:ˈpikmi:ʌp]

[K.K.:ˈpɪkmiˌʌp]

n.

含酒精的饮料,提神的酒

pick-me-up

pick-me-up pick-me-ups
A pick-me-up is something that you have or do when you are tired or depressed in order to make you feel better. (INFORMAL)

- When you crave a pick-me-up, don't reach for chocolate or coffee -- try peppermint oil instead.

- This is an ideal New Year pick-me-up -- a five day holiday in the Bahamas.

N-COUNT
= tonic

pick-me-up

noun Informal

tonic

bracer informal

refreshment

restorative

shot in the arm informal

stimulant

pick 'n' mix

pick 'n' mix
Pick 'n' mix is used to describe a way of getting a collection of things together by choosing a number of different ones. (BRIT)

- It is, as some senior officials conceded, a pick 'n' mix approach to policy.

- ...a pick-and-mix selection of fabrics and wallpapers.

ADJ: ADJ n also pick and mix .

pickpocket

[D.J.:ˈpɪkˌpɔkɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpɪkˌpɑkɪt]

n.

扒手

pickpocket

pickpocket pickpockets
A pickpocket is a person who steals things from people's pockets or bags in public places.
N-COUNT

pick-up

n.

提取,搭便车

pick-up ***

1. pick-up pick-ups
A pick-up or a pick-up truck is a small truck with low sides that can be easily loaded and unloaded.
N-COUNT also pickup .

2. pick-up
A pick-up in trade or in a country's economy is an improvement in it.

- ...a pick-up in the housing market...

- The economy remains deep in recession with few signs of a pick-up.

N-SING: usu N in n also pickup .
= improvement

3. pick-up pick-ups
A pick-up takes place when someone picks up a person or thing that is waiting to be collected.

- The company had pick-up points in most cities.

- Trains will operate from Waterloo with a pick-up stop at Ashford.

N-COUNT: usu N n also pickup .

4. pick-up pick-ups
When a pick-up takes place, someone talks to a person in a friendly way in the hope of having a casual sexual relationship with them. (INFORMAL)

- They had come to the world's most famous pick-up joint.

N-COUNT also pickup .

pick-up

noun

improvement

change for the better

rally

recovery

revival

rise

strengthening

upswing

upturn

picky

[D.J.:ˈpiki]

[K.K.:ˈpɪki]

adj.

吹毛求疵的,好挑剔的,过分讲究的

picky

picky
Someone who is picky is difficult to please and only likes a small range of things. (INFORMAL)

- Some people are very picky about who they choose to share their lives with.

- Everyone knows children are picky eaters.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= fussy choosy

picnic

[D.J.:ˈpiknik]

[K.K.:ˈpɪknɪk]

n.

郊游, 野餐

vi.

去郊游; 去野餐

picnicker

[ˈpiknikə]

n.

郊游的人

picnic **

1. picnic picnics
When people have a picnic , they eat a meal out of doors, usually in a field or a forest, or at the beach.

- We're going on a picnic tomorrow.

- We'll take a picnic lunch.

N-COUNT

2. picnic picnics picnicking picnicked
When people picnic somewhere, they have a picnic.

- Afterwards, we picnicked on the riverbank.

- ...such a perfect day for picnicking.

VB

3. picnicker picnickers

- ...fires started by careless picnickers.

N-COUNT

4. picnic
If you say that an experience, task, or activity is no picnic , you mean that it is quite difficult or unpleasant. (INFORMAL)

- Emigrating is no picnic.

PHR: V inflects

picnic

noun

excursion

outdoor meal

outing

pictorial

[D.J.:pɪkˈtɔ:ri:əl, -ˈtəʊr-]

[K.K.:pɪkˈtɔriəl, -ˈtor-]

adj.

以图画表示的;有画面的

pictorially

adv.

绘画般地

pictorial *

1. pictorial
Pictorial means using or relating to pictures.

- ...a pictorial history of the Special Air Service.

- ...pictorial images.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. pictorially

- Each section is explained pictorially.

ADV

pictorial

adjective

graphic

illustrated

picturesque

representational

scenic

picture

[D.J.:ˈpiktʃə]

[K.K.:ˈpɪktʃɚ]

n.

图画, 肖像; 照片

(生动的)描述, 写照

影片; 电影; 画面

美景, 景色

情况, 事态, 局面

vt.

绘画; 描绘

想像

pictures

[ˈpiktʃəz]

n.

〈非正〉①(过时)电影院②电影业

picture ****

1. picture pictures
A picture consists of lines and shapes which are drawn, painted, or printed on a surface and show a person, thing, or scene.

- A picture of Rory O'Moore hangs in the dining room at Kildangan.

- ...drawing a small picture with coloured chalks.

N-COUNT

2. picture pictures
A picture is a photograph.

- The tourists have nothing to do but take pictures of each other.

- The Observer carries a big front-page picture of rioters in a litter-strewn street.

N-COUNT

3. picture pictures
Television pictures are the scenes which you see on a television screen.

- ...heartrending television pictures of human suffering.

N-COUNT: usu pl

4. picture pictures picturing pictured
To be pictured somewhere, for example in a newspaper or magazine, means to appear in a photograph or picture.

- The golfer is pictured on many of the front pages, kissing his trophy as he holds it aloft.

- ...a woman who claimed she had been pictured dancing with a celebrity in Stringfellows nightclub...

- The rattan and wrought-iron chair pictured here costs £125.

VB: usu passive

5. picture pictures
You can refer to a film as a picture .

- Warner Communications Inc. has refused to distribute the picture in the United States.

- ...a director of epic action pictures.

N-COUNT
= motion picture

6. picture pictures
If you go to the pictures , you go to a cinema to see a film. (BRIT; in AM use the movies )

- We're going to the pictures tonight.

- I'd rather see it at the pictures than on video anyway.

N-PLURAL: the N
= cinema

7. picture pictures
If you have a picture of something in your mind, you have a clear idea or memory of it in your mind as if you were actually seeing it.

- They have in their mind a picture of what an alcoholic should look like.

- We are just trying to get our picture of the whole afternoon straight.

- I tried to put the picture from my mind.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= image

8. picture pictures picturing pictured
If you picture something in your mind, you think of it and have such a clear memory or idea of it that you seem to be able to see it.

- He pictured her with long black braided hair.

- I never would have pictured this as her home.

- He pictured Claire sitting out in the car, waiting for him.

- She pictured herself working with animals.

- I tried to picture the place, but could not.

VB
= imagine

9. picture pictures
A picture of something is a description of it or an indication of what it is like.

- I'll try and give you a better picture of what the boys do.

- Her book paints a bleak picture of the problems women now face.

- From the files that have now been released, a truer picture emerges.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

10. picture
When you refer to the picture in a particular place, you are referring to the situation there.

- But as with other charitable bodies, these figures mask the true picture.

- It's a similar picture across the border in Ethiopia.

N-SING: oft the N
= situation

11. picture
If you get the picture , you understand the situation, especially one which someone is describing to you.

- Luke never tells you the whole story, but you always get the picture.

PHR: V inflects
= get the idea

12. picture
If you say that someone is in the picture , you mean that they are involved in the situation that you are talking about. If you say that they are out of the picture , you mean that they are not involved in the situation.

- Meyerson is back in the picture after disappearing in July.

- Sometimes security was so tight that people who might have had something important to offer were left out of the picture.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

13. picture
You use picture to describe what someone looks like. For example, if you say that someone is a picture of health or the picture of misery , you mean that they look extremely healthy or extremely miserable.

- We found her standing on a chair, the picture of terror, screaming hysterically.

PHR: v-link PHR

14. picture
If you put someone in the picture , you tell them about a situation which they need to know about.

- Has Inspector Fayard put you in the picture?

PHR: V inflects

picture

noun

1.

representation

drawing

engraving

illustration

image

likeness

painting

photograph

portrait

print

sketch

2.

description

account

depiction

image

impression

report

3.

double

carbon copy

copy

dead ringer slang

duplicate

image

likeness

lookalike

replica

spitting image informal

twin

4.

personification

embodiment

epitome

essence

5.

film

flick slang

motion picture

movie U.S. informal

verb

6.

imagine

conceive of

envision

see

visualize

7.

represent

depict

draw

illustrate

paint

photograph

show

sketch

picture book

picture book picture books
A picture book is a book with a lot of pictures in and not much writing. Many picture books are intended for children.
N-COUNT also picture-book .

picture library

picture library picture libraries
A picture library is a collection of photographs that is held by a particular company or organization. Newspapers or publishers can pay to use the photographs in their publications.
N-COUNT: oft in names

picture postcard

1. picture postcard picture postcards
A picture postcard is a postcard with a photograph of a place on it. People often buy picture postcards of places they visit when on holiday.
N-COUNT

2. picture postcard
You can use picture postcard to describe a place that is very attractive.

- ...picture-postcard Normandy villages.

ADJ: ADJ n The spelling picture-postcard is also used
= picturesque

picture rail

picture rail picture rails
A picture rail is a continuous narrow piece of wood which is fixed round a room just below the ceiling. Pictures can be hung from it using string and hooks. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT also picture-rail .

picture show

picture show picture shows
A picture show is a film or cinema. (AM, OLD-FASHIONED)

- We might go into Salinas for dinner at a restaurant, and then to a picture show -- to celebrate, you see.

- ...The Rocky Horror Picture Show.

N-COUNT

picturesque

[D.J.:ˌpiktʃəˈresk]

[K.K.:ˌpɪktʃəˈrɛsk]

adj.

美丽的, 有趣的, 风景如画的

生动的; 活泼的

picturesque *

1. picturesque
A picturesque place is attractive and interesting, and has no ugly modern buildings.

- Alte, in the hills northwest of Loule, is the Algarve's most picturesque village.

ADJ-GRADED

2. picturesque
You can refer to picturesque things as the picturesque .

- ...lovers of the picturesque.

N-SING: the N

3. picturesquely

- ...the shanty-towns perched picturesquely on the hillsides.

ADV-GRADED

4. picturesque
Picturesque words and expressions are unusual or poetic.

- Every inn had a quaint and picturesque name -- the Black Locust Inn, the Blueberry Inn, the Old Cutter Inn.

ADJ-GRADED
= colourful

5. picturesquely

- The historian Yakut described it picturesquely as a `mother of castles'.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

picturesque

adjective

1.

pretty

attractive

beautiful

charming

quaint

scenic

striking

2.

vivid

colourful

graphic

picture window

picture window picture windows
A picture window is a window containing one large sheet of glass, so that people have a good view of what is outside.
N-COUNT

piddle

[D.J.:ˈpidl]

[K.K.:ˈpɪdl]

vi.

撒尿,鬼混,游荡

piddle

piddle
To piddle means to urinate. (INFORMAL)
VERB

piddling

[D.J.:ˈpidliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpɪdlɪŋ]

adj.

不重要的,微不足道的

piddling

piddling
Piddling means small or unimportant. (INFORMAL)

- ...arguing over piddling amounts of money.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= paltry

pidgin

[D.J.:ˈpidʒin]

[K.K.:ˈpɪdʒən]

n.

(在贸易或交往中形成的不同语种的)混杂语言,事务

pidgin

1. pidgin
Pidgin is a simple form of a language which speakers of a different language use to communicate. Pidgin is not anyone's first language.

- He's at ease speaking pidgin with the factory workers and guys on the docks.

N-VAR

2. pidgin
If someone is speaking their own language simply or another language badly and is trying to communicate, you can say that they are speaking, for example, pidgin English or pidgin Italian.

- The restaurant owner could only speak pidgin English.

ADJ: ADJ n

pie

[D.J.:pai]

[K.K.:paɪ]

n.

馅饼, 派

pie **

1. pie pies
A pie consists of meat, vegetables, or fruit baked in pastry.

- ...a pork pie.

- ...apple pie and custard.

N-VAR
See also cottage pie , shepherd's pie .

2. pie
If you describe an idea, plan, or promise of something good as pie in the sky , you mean that you think that it is very unlikely to happen.

- The true regeneration of devastated Docklands seemed like pie in the sky.

- He can't help thinking it's all just `pie in the sky' talk.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
to eat humble pie : see humble .

piebald

[D.J.:ˈpaibɔ:ld]

[K.K.:ˈpaɪˌbɔld]

adj.

花斑的

n.

花马

piebald

piebald
A piebald animal has patches of black and white on it.

- ...a piebald pony.

ADJ

piebald

adjective

pied

black and white

brindled

dappled

flecked

mottled

speckled

spotted

piece

[D.J.:pi:s]

[K.K.:pis]

n.

片, 块, 段, 件

断片, 碎块

部分, 部件

vt.

凑合; 凑成

修补, 补缀

pieces

只

piece ****

1. piece pieces
A piece of something is an amount of it that has been broken off, torn off, or cut off.

- ...a piece of cake.

- ...a piece of wood.

- ...a few words scrawled on a piece of paper...

- Cut the ham into pieces.

- Do you want another piece?

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= bit

2. piece pieces
A piece of an object is one of the individual parts or sections which it is made of, especially a part that can be removed.

- ...assembling objects out of standard pieces...

- The equipment was taken down the shaft in pieces.

N-COUNT
= bit

3. piece pieces
A piece of land is an area of land.

- People struggle to get the best piece of land.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

4. piece pieces
You can use piece of with many uncount nouns to refer to an individual thing of a particular kind. For example, you can refer to some advice as a piece of advice .

- When I produced this piece of work, my lecturers were very critical.

- It is a highly complex piece of legislation.

- ...an interesting piece of information.

- ...a sensitive piece of equipment used to detect radiation.

- ...a sturdy piece of furniture...

- What essential piece of clothing would you take?

N-COUNT: N of n
= bit

5. piece pieces
You can refer to an article in a newspaper or magazine, some music written by someone, a broadcast, or a play as a piece .

- I disagree with Andrew Russell over his piece on British Rail.

- ...a vaguely familiar orchestral piece...

- The day after his death there was a piece about him on television.

N-COUNT

6. piece pieces
You can refer to a work of art as a piece . (FORMAL)

- Each piece is unique, an exquisite painting of a real person, done on ivory.

- None of the pieces is insured.

N-COUNT

7. piece pieces
You can refer to specific coins as pieces . For example, a 10p piece is a coin that is worth 10p.
N-COUNT: supp N

8. piece pieces
The pieces which you use when you play a board game such as chess are the specially made objects which you move around on the board.
N-COUNT

9. piece
A piece of something is part of it or a share of it. (AM)

- They got a small piece of the net profits and a screen credit.

- ...the disclosure that Texas Air might sell a piece or all of Continental.

QUANT: QUANT of def-n

10. piece
If you give someone a piece of your mind , you tell them very clearly that you think they have behaved badly. (INFORMAL)

- How very thoughtless. I'll give him a piece of my mind.

PHR: V inflects

11. piece
If something with several different parts is all of a piece , each part is consistent with the others. If one thing is of a piece with another , it is consistent with it.

- At its peak in the Thirties, Underground design and architecture was all of a piece.

- The essays that Parsons completed in the latter part of his life are of a piece with his earlier work.

PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR with n

12. piece
If someone or something is still in one piece after a dangerous journey or experience, they are safe and not damaged or hurt.

- ...providing that my brother gets back alive and in one piece from his mission.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v
= intact

13. piece
If you say your piece , you say everything you want to say about a particular matter without being interrupted, although people may be wanting to express opposing views.

- I'll answer your questions when I've said my piece.

PHR: V inflects

14. piece
You use to pieces in expressions such as `smash to pieces', and mainly in British English `fall to pieces' or `take something to pieces', when you are describing how something is broken or comes apart so that it is in separate pieces.

- If the shell had hit the boat, it would have blown it to pieces.

- He took it all to pieces, cleaned it inside and out and put it together again.

- Do you wear your old clothes until they fall to pieces?.

PHR: PHR after v
= to bits

15. piece
If you go to pieces , you are so upset or nervous that you lose control of yourself and cannot do what you should do. (INFORMAL)

- She's a strong woman, but she nearly went to pieces when Arnie died.

PHR: V inflects

16. piece
If someone tears you to pieces , pulls your work to pieces , or picks your work to pieces , they criticize you or your work very severely. (INFORMAL)

- He made numerous errors of fact and was torn to pieces during the subsequent question time.

- Every error is captured, every decision picked to pieces.

PHR: V inflects

17. piece
If you say that someone is a nasty piece of work , you mean that they are very unkind or unpleasant. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
PHR: usu v-link PHR disapproval

piece

noun

1.

bit

chunk

fragment

morsel

part

portion

quantity

segment

slice

2.

work

article

composition

creation

item

study

work of art

piece together ****

1. piece together pieces together; piecing together; pieced together
If you piece together the truth about something, you gradually discover it.

- They've pieced together his movements for the last few days before his death.

- In the following days, Francis was able to piece together what had happened.

- Frank was beginning to piece things together.

PHR-V

2. piece together pieces together; piecing together; pieced together
If you piece something together , you gradually make it by joining several things or parts together.

- This process is akin to piecing together a jigsaw puzzle.

- Doctors painstakingly pieced together the broken bones.

PHR-V
= assemble

-piece

-piece
-piece combines with numbers to form adjectives indicating that something consists of a particular number of items.

- ...his well-cut three-piece suit.

- ...a hundred-piece dinner service.

- ...a four-piece band from Belgium.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

pièce de r´esistance

pièce de r´esistance
The pièce de r´esistance of a collection or series of things is the most impressive thing in it. (FORMAL)

- The pièce de r´esistance, however, was a gold evening gown.

N-SING

piecemeal

[D.J.:ˈpi:sˌmi:l]

[K.K.:ˈpisˌmil]

adv.

一块一块地;一件一件地;零碎地

adj.

一块一块的;一件一件的;零碎的

piecemeal *

1. piecemeal
If you describe a change or process as piecemeal , you disapprove of it because it happens gradually, usually at irregular intervals, and is probably not satisfactory.

- Instead of the government's piecemeal approach, what is needed is a radical shake-up of 16-19 education.

- ...piecemeal changes to the constitution.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= sporadic

2. piecemeal
Also an adverb.

- The government plans to sell the railways piecemeal to the private sector.

- It was built piecemeal over some 130 years.

ADV: ADV after v

piecemeal

adverb

bit by bit

by degrees

gradually

little by little

piecework

[D.J.:ˈpi:sˌwɜ:k]

[K.K.:ˈpisˌwə..k]

n.

计件工作,按件计酬的工作

piecework

piecework
If you do piecework , you are paid according to the amount of work that you do rather than the length of time that you work.

- All my men are on piece-work.

- The tobacco workers were paid on a piecework basis.

N-UNCOUNT also piece-work .

pie chart

pie chart pie charts
A pie chart is a circle divided into sections to show the relative proportions of a set of things.
N-COUNT

pied-à-terre

pied-à-terre pieds-à-terre
A pied-à-terre is a small house or flat, especially in a town, which you own or rent but only use occasionally.

- ...my London pied-à-terre.

N-COUNT

pier

[D.J.:piə]

[K.K.:pɪr]

n.

水上平台, 码头

pier *

pier piers
A pier is a platform sticking out into water, usually the sea, which people walk along or use when getting onto or off boats.

- ...Brighton Pier.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

pier

noun

1.

jetty

landing place

promenade

quay

wharf

2.

pillar

buttress

column

pile

post

support

upright

pierce

[D.J.:piəs]

[K.K.:pɪrs]

vt. & vi.

刺入; 刺穿; 穿透

pierced

[D.J.:pɪəst]

[K.K.:pɪrst]

穿通的;穿耳的

piercing

[D.J.:ˈpɪəsɪŋ]

adj.

(指声音等)尖锐的;刺耳的

(指风、寒冷等)刺骨的;穿透的

piercingly

adv.

刺透地,感动地

punching,piercing

冲孔

punching

凿孔;冲板;冲孔;冲孔工作;冲压;冲制;穿孔

pierce **

1. pierce pierces piercing pierced
If a sharp object pierces something, or if you pierce something with a sharp object, the object goes into it and makes a hole in it.

- One bullet pierced the left side of his chest.

- Pierce the skin of the potato with a fork.

VB

2. pierce pierces piercing pierced
If you have your ears or some other part of your body pierced , you have a small hole made through them so that you can wear a piece of jewellery in them.

- I'm having my ears pierced on Saturday.

- ...her pierced ears with their tiny gold studs.

VB

3. pierce pierces piercing pierced
If a light or sound pierces something or pierces through it, it is suddenly seen or heard very clearly. (LITERARY)

- A spotlight pierced the darkness.

- Then he spoke, in a voice that pierced the thick air.

- The clock striking the hour pierced through his thoughts.

VB
= penetrate

4. pierce pierces piercing pierced
If a thought, feeling, or sound pierces someone's heart, it makes them experience a feeling, especially sadness, very strongly. (LITERARY)

- This sound, like all music, pierced my heart like a dagger.

VB

5. pierce pierces piercing pierced
If someone pierces something that acts as a barrier, they manage to get through it.

- German armoured divisions pierced the Russian lines.

VB
= penetrate

piercing *

1. piercing
A piercing sound or voice is high-pitched and very sharp and clear in an unpleasant way.

- A piercing scream split the air.

- ...a piercing whistle.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. piercingly

- She screamed again, piercingly.

ADV-GRADED

3. piercing
If someone has piercing eyes or a piercing stare, they seem to look at you very intensely. (WRITTEN)

- ...his sandy blond hair and piercing blue eyes...

- He fixes you with a piercing stare.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= penetrating

4. piercingly

- Ben looked at him piercingly.

ADV-GRADED

5. piercing
If you describe a quality or feeling as piercing , you mean that it makes you experience a feeling, especially sadness, very strongly. (LITERARY)

- She was aware of a sharp piercing regret.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

6. piercing
A piercing wind makes you feel very cold.
ADJ-GRADED

pierce

verb

penetrate

bore

drill

enter

perforate

prick

puncture

spike

stab

stick into

piercing

adjective

1.

penetrating

ear-splitting

high-pitched

loud

sharp

shrill

2.

keen

alert

penetrating

perceptive

perspicacious

quick-witted

sharp

shrewd

3.

cold

arctic

biting

bitter

freezing

nippy

wintry

4.

sharp

acute

agonizing

excruciating

intense

painful

severe

stabbing

pieties

pieties
You refer to statements about what is morally right as pieties when you think they are insincere or unrealistic.

- ...politicians who constantly intone pieties about respect for the rule of law.

N-PLURAL disapproval

piety

[D.J.:ˈpaiəti]

[K.K.:ˈpaɪɪti]

n.

虔诚, 虔敬

piety

piety
Piety is strong religious belief, or behaviour that is religious or morally correct.
N-UNCOUNT

piety

noun Usually of weather

holiness

faith

godliness

piousness

religion

reverence

piffle

[D.J.:ˈpifl]

[K.K.:ˈpɪfəl]

vi.

做无聊事,讲废话

n.

废话,蠢话

piffle

piffle
If you describe what someone says as piffle , you think that it is nonsense. (INFORMAL)

- He talks such a load of piffle.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= rubbish

piffling

adj.

琐碎的,不足道的

piffling

piffling
If you describe something as piffling , you are critical of it because it is very small or unimportant. (INFORMAL)

- ...some piffling dispute regarding visiting rights.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= trifling

pig

[D.J.:piɡ]

[K.K.:pɪɡ]

n.

猪

pigging

[ˈpiɡiŋ]

n.

生铁

pig **

1. pig pigs
A pig is a pink or black animal with short legs and not much hair on its skin. Pigs are often kept on farms for their meat, which is called pork, ham, bacon, or gammon.

- ...the grunting of the pigs.

- ...a pig farmer.

N-COUNT
= hog

See also guinea pig .

2. pig pigs
If you call someone a pig , you think that they are unpleasant in some way, especially that they are greedy or unkind. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

3. pig
If you say that something is, for example, a pig of a job, you mean it is very difficult. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- According to the British show jumping team manager, `It's a pig of a course -- much too big and also very technical.'

N-SING: a N, usu N of n

4. pig pigs pigging pigged
If you say that people are pigging themselves, you are criticizing them for eating a very large amount at one meal. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- A vicar's wife accused them of `pigging themselves' at the expense of churchgoers.

VB disapproval
= gorge pig out

5. pig
If you make a pig's ear of something you are doing, you do it very badly. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He and Dermott Reeve almost made a complete pig's ear of the final push for victory.

PHR: V inflects
= bungle make a mess of

6. pig
If you say ` pigs might fly ' after someone has said that something might happen, you are emphasizing that you think it is very unlikely. (INFORMAL, HUMOROUS)

- `There's a chance he won't get involved in this, of course.' --- `And pigs might fly.'

PHR emphasis

7. pig
If you say that someone is making a pig of themselves , you are criticizing them for eating a very large amount at one meal. (INFORMAL)

- I'm afraid I made a pig of myself at dinner.

PHR: V and N inflect disapproval

pig

noun

1.

hog

boar

porker

sow

swine

2.

slob slang

boor

brute

glutton

swine

pig out **

pig out pigs out; pigging out; pigged out
If you say that people are pigging out , you are criticizing them for eating a very large amount at one meal. (INFORMAL)

- He had probably pigged out in a fast-food place beforehand.

PHR-V disapproval
= gorge

pigeon

[D.J.:ˈpidʒin]

[K.K.:ˈpɪdʒən]

n.

鸽子

pigeons

杂波;噪扰

pigeon *

pigeon pigeons
A pigeon is a bird, usually grey in colour, which has a fat body. Pigeons often live in towns.
N-COUNT
to put the cat among the pigeons : see cat .

pigeon-hole

1. pigeon-hole pigeon-holes
A pigeon-hole is one of the sections in a frame on a wall where letters and messages can be left for someone, or one of the sections in a writing desk where you can keep documents.
N-COUNT also pigeonhole .

2. pigeon-hole pigeon-holes pigeon-holing pigeon-holed
To pigeon-hole someone or something means to decide that they belong to a particular class or category, often without considering all their qualities or characteristics.

- He felt they had pigeonholed him.

- I don't want to be pigeonholed as a kids' presenter.

VB also pigeonhole .
= label

3. pigeon-hole pigeon-holes
If you put someone in a particular pigeon-hole , you decide that they belong in a particular category.

- Because I had an unusual accent people were not able to put me into a pigeon-hole.

N-COUNT also pigeonhole .

pigeon-toed

[D.J.:ˈpɪdʒənˌtəʊd]

[K.K.:ˈpɪdʒənˌtod]

adj.

足内翻的,脚趾向内弯的,内八字脚

pigeon-toed

pigeon-toed
Someone who is pigeon-toed walks with their toes pointing slightly inwards.
ADJ-GRADED

pigged off

pigged off
If you are feeling pigged off , you feel rather angry or unhappy. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

piggery

[D.J.:ˈpiɡəri]

[K.K.:ˈpɪɡəri]

n.

猪舍,肮脏的场所

piggery

piggery piggeries
A piggery is a farm or building where pigs are kept. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

piggy

[D.J.:ˈpiɡi]

[K.K.:ˈpɪɡi]

n.

小猪

adj.

贪心的

piggy

1. piggy piggies
A piggy is a child's word for a pig or a piglet.
N-COUNT

2. piggy
If someone has piggy eyes, their eyes are small and unattractive.
ADJ: ADJ n

piggyback

[D.J.:ˈpɪgi:ˌbæk]

[K.K.:ˈpɪɡiˌbæk]

n.

背着;肩驮

piggybacking

[ˈpiɡibækiŋ]

n.

借道(法)

piggyback

1. piggyback piggybacks
If you give someone a piggyback , you carry them high on your back, supporting them under their knees.

- They give each other piggy-back rides.

N-COUNT also piggy-back .

2. piggyback
Also an adverb.

- My father carried me up the hill, piggyback.

ADV: ADV after v also piggy-back .

3. piggyback piggybacks piggybacking piggybacked
If you piggyback on something that someone else has thought of or done, you use it to your advantage.

- I was just piggybacking on Stokes's idea.

- They are piggybacking onto developed technology.

VB also piggy-back .

piggy bank

piggy bank piggy banks
A piggy bank is a small container shaped like a pig, with a narrow hole in the top through which to put coins. Children often use piggy banks to save money.
N-COUNT also piggybank .

piggy-in-the-middle

1. piggy-in-the-middle
Piggy-in-the-middle or pig-in-the-middle is a game in which two children throw a ball to each other and a child standing between them tries to catch it. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT also pig-in-the-middle .

2. piggy-in-the-middle
If someone is piggy-in-the-middle or pig-in-the-middle , they are unwillingly involved in a dispute between two people or groups. (BRIT)
N-SING: also no det also pig-in-the-middle .

pig-headed

1. pig-headed
If you describe someone as pig-headed , you are critical of them because they refuse to change their mind about things, and you think they are unreasonable.

- She, in her pig-headed way, insists that she is right and that everyone else is wrong.

ADJ-GRADED also pigheaded . disapproval
= stubborn obstinate

2. pig-headedness

- I am not sure whether this was courage or pig-headedness.

N-UNCOUNT

pig-headed

adjective

stubborn

contrary

inflexible

mulish

obstinate

self-willed

stiff-necked

unyielding

piglet

[D.J.:ˈpɪglɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpɪɡlɪt]

n.

小猪

piglet

piglet piglets
A piglet is a young pig.
N-COUNT

pigment

[D.J.:ˈpɪgmənt]

[K.K.:ˈpɪɡmənt]

n.

(粉状)颜料

天然色素

pigment *

pigment pigments
A pigment is a substance that gives something a particular colour. (FORMAL)

- The Romans used natural pigments on their fabrics and walls.

- ...the brown pigment in the skin.

N-MASS

pigment

noun

colour

colouring

dye

paint

stain

tincture

tint

pigmentation

[D.J.:ˌpiɡmənˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌpɪɡmənˈteʃən]

n.

染色,着色,色素沉着

pigmentation

pigmentation
The pigmentation of a person's or animal's skin is its natural colouring. (FORMAL)

- I have a skin disorder, it destroys the pigmentation in my skin.

N-UNCOUNT

pigmented

[ˈpiɡməntid]

adj.

有颜色的

pigmented

pigmented
Pigmented skin has a lot of natural colouring. (FORMAL)

- ...deeply pigmented areas on the skin.

ADJ-GRADED

pigpen

[D.J.:ˈpiɡpen]

[K.K.:ˈpɪɡˌpɛn]

n.

猪舍,猪舍似的地方

pigpen

pigpen pigpens
A pigpen is an enclosed place where pigs are kept on a farm. (mainly AM; in BRIT use pigsty )
N-COUNT also pig pen
= pigsty

pigskin

[D.J.:ˈpɪgˌskɪn]

[K.K.:ˈpɪɡˌskɪn]

n.

猪皮;猪皮革

pigskin

pigskin
Pigskin is leather made from the skin of a pig.

- ...handmade pigskin luggage.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

pigsty

[D.J.:ˈpɪgˌstaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpɪɡˌstaɪ]

n.

猪圈；脏房间

pigsty

1. pigsty pigsties
A pigsty is an enclosed place where pigs are kept on a farm. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use pigpen )
N-COUNT also pig sty .
= pigpen

2. pigsty pigsties
If you describe a room or a house as a pigsty , you are criticizing the fact that it is very dirty and untidy. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The office is a pigsty.

N-COUNT: usu sing also pig sty . disapproval
= tip dump

pigswill

[ˈpiɡˌswil]

n.

泔水; 猪食

pigswill

1. pigswill
Pigswill is waste food that is fed to pigs.
N-UNCOUNT

2. pigswill
If you describe food as pigswill , you are criticizing it because it is of very poor quality. (INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT disapproval

pigtail

[D.J.:ˈpɪgˌteɪl]

[K.K.:ˈpɪɡˌtel]

n.

女孩垂在头两侧编或不编成辫子的长发,发辫;辫子

pigtailed

adj.

pigtailed

[ˈpiɡteild]

adj.

梳辫子的

pigtail

pigtail pigtails
If someone has a pigtail or pigtails , their hair is plaited or braided into one or two lengths.

- ...a little girl with pigtails.

N-COUNT
= plait braid

pike

[D.J.:paik]

[K.K.:paɪk]

n.

(昔日士兵用的)矛

梭鱼, 狗鱼

pike *

1. pike pikes
A pike is a large fish that lives in rivers and lakes and eats other fish.
N-VAR The form pike can be used as the plural

2. pike
Pike is this fish eaten as food.
N-UNCOUNT The form pike can be used as the plural

3. pike pikes
In former times, a pike was a weapon consisting of a pointed blade on the end of a long pole.

- Some of them carried pikes with shrivelled heads on top.

N-COUNT

4. pike
When something comes down the pike , it happens or occurs. (AM, INFORMAL)

- There have been threats to veto any legislation that comes down the pike.

PHR: V inflects
= come up

pilaf

[D.J.:piˈlɑ:f]

[K.K.:pɪˈlɑf, ˈpiˌlɑf]

n.

肉饭(由大米加鱼或肉及调料煮成)

pilaf

pilaf pilafs
Pilaf is the same as pilau .
N-MASS also pilaff .

pilaster

[D.J.:piˈlæstə]

[K.K.:pɪˈlæstɚ]

n.

壁柱,半露柱

pilaster

pilaster pilasters
Pilasters are shallow decorative pillars attached to a wall.
N-COUNT: usu pl

pilau

[D.J.:piˈlau]

[K.K.:pɪˈlæstɚ]

n.

肉饭(由大米加鱼或肉及调料煮成)

pilau

pilau pilaus
Pilau or pilau rice is rice flavoured with spices, often mixed with pieces of meat or fish.
N-MASS

pilchard

[D.J.:ˈpɪltʃəd]

[K.K.:ˈpɪltʃəd]

n.

沙丁鱼

pilchard

pilchard pilchards
Pilchards are small fish that live in the sea. Pilchards can be eaten as food.

- ...tinned pilchards.

N-COUNT

pile

[D.J.:pail]

[K.K.:paɪl]

n.

一堆, 一叠

大量的钱; 财产

vt.

堆起; 堆叠

piled

adj.

有细毛的

piles

[D.J.:paɪlz]

[K.K.:paɪlz]

n.

痔,痔疮

piling

[D.J.:ˈpailiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpaɪlɪŋ]

n.

打桩,打桩工程

pile ***

1. pile piles
A pile of things is a mass of them that is high in the middle and has sloping sides.

- ...a pile of sand.

- ...a little pile of crumbs...

- The leaves had been swept into huge piles.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= heap mound

2. pile piles
A pile of things is a quantity of things that have been put neatly somewhere so that each thing is on top of the one below.

- ...a pile of boxes...

- We sat in Sam's study, among the piles of books.

- The clothes were folded in a neat pile.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= stack

3. pile piles piling piled
If you pile things somewhere, you put them there so that they form a pile.

- He was piling clothes into the suitcase.

- A few newspapers and magazines were piled on a table.

VB
= stack

4. pile piles piling piled
If something is piled with things, it is covered or filled with piles of things.

- Tables were piled high with local produce.

- ...trucks piled with luggage.

VB: usu passive
= heap stack

5. pile
If you talk about a pile of something or piles of something, you mean a large amount of it. (INFORMAL)

- I've got a pile of questions afterwards for you.

- ...a whole pile of disasters.

QUANT: QUANT of pl-n/n-uncount
= stacks heaps

6. pile piles piling piled
If a group of people pile into or out of a vehicle, they all get into it or out of it in a disorganized way.

- They all piled into Jerrold's car.

- A fleet of police cars suddenly arrived. Dozens of officers piled out.

VB

7. pile piles
You can refer to a large impressive building as a pile , especially when it is the home of a rich important person.

- ...some stately pile in the country.

N-COUNT

8. pile piles
Piles are wooden, concrete, or metal posts which are pushed into the ground and on which buildings or bridges are built. Piles are often used in very wet areas so that the buildings do not flood.

- ...settlements of wooden houses, set on piles along the shore.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= piling

9. pile piles
Piles are painful swellings that can appear in the veins inside a person's anus.
N-PLURAL
= haemorrhoids

10. pile
The pile of a carpet or of a fabric such as velvet is its soft surface. It consists of a lot of little threads standing on end.

- ...the carpet's thick pile.

N-SING

11. pile
Someone who is at the bottom of the pile is low down in society or low down in an organization. Someone who is at the top of the pile is high up in society or high up in an organization. (INFORMAL)
PHR: oft v-link PHR

piling

piling pilings
Pilings are wooden, concrete, or metal posts which are pushed into the ground and on which buildings or bridges are built. Pilings are often used in very wet areas so that the buildings do not flood.

- ...bridges set on stone pilings.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= piles

pile

noun

1.

heap

accumulation

collection

hoard

mass

mound

mountain

stack

often plural 2.

a lot

great deal

ocean

quantity

stacks

3.

building

edifice

erection

structure

verb

4.

collect

accumulate

amass

assemble

gather

heap

hoard

stack

5.

crowd

crush

flock

flood

jam

pack

rush

stream

pile

noun Informal

foundation

beam

column

pillar

post

support

upright

pile

noun

nap

down

fibre

fur

hair

plush

pile up ***

1. pile up piles up; piling up; piled up
If you pile up a quantity of things or if they pile up , they gradually form a pile.

- Bulldozers piled up huge mounds of dirt.

- Mail was still piling up at the office.

PHR-V-ERG

2. pile up piles up; piling up; piled up
If you pile up work, problems, or losses or if they pile up , you get more and more of them.

- Problems were piling up at work.

- He piled up huge debts.

PHR-V-ERG
= mount up

pile-up

n.

几辆车相撞

pile-up *

pile-up pile-ups
A pile-up is a road accident in which a lot of vehicles crash into each other.

- ...a 54-car pile-up.

N-COUNT (AM) pileup

pile-up

noun Informal

collision

accident

crash

multiple collision

smash

smash-up informal

pilfer

[D.J.:ˈpɪlfə]

[K.K.:ˈpɪlfɚ]

vt. & vi.

偷窃(小东西);小偷

pilferage

n.

pilferage

[ˈpilfəridʒ]

n.

行窃,偷盗

pilfer

1. pilfer pilfers pilfering pilfered
If someone pilfers , they steal things, usually small cheap things.

- Staff were pilfering behind the bar.

- When food stores close, they go to work, pilfering food for resale on the black market.

VB

2. pilfering

- Precautions had to be taken to prevent pilfering.

N-UNCOUNT

pilfer

verb

steal

appropriate

embezzle

filch

knock off slang

lift informal

nick slang chiefly Brit.

pinch informal

purloin

snaffle Brit. informal

swipe slang

take

pilgrim

[D.J.:ˈpilɡrim]

[K.K.:ˈpɪlɡrəm]

n.

香客, 朝圣者

pilgrim **

pilgrim pilgrims
Pilgrims are people who make a journey to a holy place for a religious reason.
N-COUNT

pilgrim

noun

traveller

wanderer

wayfarer

pilgrimage

[D.J.:ˈpɪlgrəmɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈpɪlɡrəmɪdʒ]

n.

朝圣者的旅程

pilgrimage *

1. pilgrimage pilgrimages
If you make a pilgrimage to a holy place, you go there for a religious reason.

- ...the pilgrimage to Mecca.

N-COUNT

2. pilgrimage pilgrimages
A pilgrimage is a journey that someone makes to a place that is very important to them.

- ...a private pilgrimage to family graves...

- His father took him on a sentimental pilgrimage to Ireland.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

pilgrimage

noun

journey

excursion

expedition

mission

tour

trip

pill

[D.J.:pil]

[K.K.:pɪl]

n.

药丸, 药片

口服避孕药

pill ***

1. pill pills
Pills are small solid round masses of medicine or vitamins that you swallow without chewing.

- Why do I have to take all these pills?

- ...sleeping pills.

N-COUNT
= tablet

2. pill
If a woman is on the pill , she takes a special pill that prevents her from becoming pregnant.

- She had been on the pill for three years.

- ...the contraceptive pill.

N-SING: the N

3. pill
If a person or group has to accept a failure or an unpleasant piece of news, you can say that it was a bitter pill or a bitter pill to swallow .

- You're too old to be given a job. That's a bitter pill to swallow.

PHR: N inflects

4. pill
If someone does something to sweeten the pill or sugar the pill , they do it to make some unpleasant news or an unpleasant measure more acceptable.

- He sweetened the pill by increasing wages, although by slightly less than he raised prices.

PHR: V inflects

pill

noun

1.

tablet

capsule

pellet

the pill

2.

oral contraceptive

pillage

[D.J.:ˈpɪlɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈpɪlɪdʒ]

vt. & vi.

抢劫,掠夺

n.

抢劫,掠夺

pillager

n.

掠夺者

pillager

抢劫者,掠夺者

pillage *

1. pillage pillages pillaging pillaged
If a group of people pillage a place, they steal property from it using violent methods.

- Soldiers went on a rampage, pillaging stores and shooting.

- ...the boldness to pillage and rape.

VB
= plunder

2. pillage
Also a noun.

- There were no signs of violence or pillage.

N-UNCOUNT

3. pillaging

- ...pillaging by people looking for something to eat.

N-UNCOUNT

pillage

verb

1.

plunder

despoil

loot

maraud

raid

ransack

ravage

sack

noun

2.

plunder

marauding

robbery

sack

spoliation

pillar

[D.J.:ˈpilə]

[K.K.:ˈpɪlɚ]

n.

柱, 支柱

台柱, 栋梁

pillar,post

支柱

pillar **

1. pillar pillars
A pillar is a tall solid structure, which is usually used to support part of a building.

- ...the pillars supporting the roof.

N-COUNT
= column

2. pillar pillars
If something is the pillar of a system or agreement, it is the most important part of it or what makes it strong and successful.

- The pillar of her economic policy was keeping tight control over money supply.

- ...the last pillar of apartheid.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. pillar pillars
If you describe someone as a pillar of society or as a pillar of the community, you approve of them because they play an important and active part in society or in the community.

- My father had been a pillar of the community.

- ...well-respected pillars of society.

N-COUNT: N of n approval

pillar

noun

1.

support

column

pier

post

prop

shaft

stanchion

upright

2.

supporter

leader

leading light informal

mainstay

upholder

pillar box

pillar box pillar boxes
In Britain, a pillar box is a tall red box in the street in which you put letters that you are sending by post. (BRIT; in AM use mailbox )
N-COUNT also pillar-box .

pillared

adj.

有柱的,成柱状的

pillared

pillared
A pillared building is a building that is supported by pillars.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

pillbox

[D.J.:ˈpilbɔks]

[K.K.:ˈpɪlˌbɑks]

n.

碉堡,药丸盒

pillbox

1. pillbox pillboxes
A pillbox is a small tin or box in which you can keep pills.
N-COUNT also pill box .

2. pillbox pillboxes
A pillbox is a small building made of concrete and is used to defend a place.
N-COUNT also pill box .

3. pillbox pillboxes
A pillbox or a pillbox hat is a small round hat for a woman.
N-COUNT also pill box .

pillion

[D.J.:ˈpɪljən]

[K.K.:ˈpɪljən]

n.

(摩托车等的)后座

pillion

1. pillion
If someone rides pillion on a motorcycle or bicycle, they sit behind the person who is controlling it.

- She rode pillion on her son's motor bike.

ADV: ADV after v

2. pillion pillions
On a motorcycle, the pillion is the seat or part behind the rider.

- As a learner rider you must not carry a pillion passenger.

N-COUNT: oft N n

pillock

[ˈpilək]

n.

〈英〉〈俚〉愚蠢无用的人

pillock

pillock pillocks
If you call someone a pillock , you are showing that you think they are very stupid. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The guy you put in charge is a complete pillock.

N-COUNT disapproval
= idiot

pillory

[D.J.:ˈpɪləri:]

[K.K.:ˈpɪləri]

n.

颈手枷

vt.

使受公众嘲笑,将…示众

<史>给…上颈手枷,处…以枷刑

pillory

1. pillory pillories pillorying pilloried
If someone is pilloried , a lot of people, especially journalists, criticize them and make them look stupid.

- A man has been forced to resign as a result of being pilloried by some of the press.

VB: usu passive
= ridicule

2. pillory pillories
A pillory is a wooden frame with holes for the head and hands. In Europe in former times criminals were sometimes locked in a pillory as a form of punishment.
N-COUNT

pillory

verb

ridicule

brand

denounce

stigmatize

pillow

[D.J.:ˈpiləu]

[K.K.:ˈpɪlo]

n.

枕头

用作枕头的东西

pillow **

pillow pillows
A pillow is a rectangular cushion which you rest your head on when you are in bed.
N-COUNT

pillowcase

[D.J.:ˈpɪləʊˌkeɪs]

[K.K.:ˈpɪloˌkes]

n.

枕套

pillowcase *

pillowcase pillowcases
A pillowcase is a cover for a pillow, which can be removed and washed.
N-COUNT also pillow case .

pillow slip

pillow slip pillow slips
A pillow slip is the same as a pillowcase .
N-COUNT

pillow talk

pillow talk
Conversations that people have when they are in bed together can be referred to as pillow talk , especially when they are about secret or private subjects.
N-UNCOUNT

pilot

[D.J.:ˈpailət]

[K.K.:ˈpaɪlət]

n.

飞行员, 宇航员

引航员; 舵手

vt.

驾驶

带领, 指引, 引导

试验, 试用

adj.

试验性的; 引导的

piloted

[ˈpailətid]

adj.

先导控制的,带先导阀的;有人驾驶的

piloting

[D.J.:ˈpailətiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpaɪlətɪŋ]

n.

领航的职业,(船)近岸航行法,(航空)地标领航

pilot ***

1. pilot pilots
A pilot is a person who is trained to fly an aircraft.

- He spent seventeen years as an airline pilot.

- ...fighter pilots of the British Royal Air Force.

N-COUNT

2. pilot pilots
A pilot is a person who steers a ship through a difficult stretch of water, for example the entrance to a harbour.
N-COUNT

3. pilot pilots piloting piloted
If someone pilots an aircraft or ship, they act as its pilot.

- He piloted his own plane part of the way to Washington.

VB

4. pilot pilots
A pilot scheme or a pilot project is one which is used to test an idea before deciding whether to introduce it on a larger scale.

- The service is being expanded following the success of a pilot scheme.

- ...a ten-year pilot project backed by the trade and industry department.

N-COUNT: usu N n

5. pilot pilots piloting piloted
If a government or organization pilots a programme or a scheme , they test it, before deciding whether to introduce it on a larger scale.

- The trust is looking for 50 schools to pilot a programme aimed at teenage pupils preparing for work.

VB

6. pilot pilots piloting piloted
If a government minister pilots a new law or bill through parliament, he or she makes sure that it is introduced successfully.

- We are now piloting through Parliament, as promised, the most comprehensive strategy in a generation to tackle youth crime.

VB

7. pilot pilots
A pilot or a pilot episode is a single television programme that is shown in order to find out whether a particular series of programmes is likely to be popular.

- A pilot episode of Nothing's Impossible has already been filmed.

N-COUNT: oft N n

8. pilot pilots
A pilot is the pilot light on a gas cooker or stove, boiler, or fire.
N-COUNT

pilot

noun

1.

airman

aviator

flyer

2.

helmsman

navigator

steersman

adjective

3.

trial

experimental

model

test

verb

4.

fly

conduct

direct

drive

guide

handle

navigate

operate

steer

pilot light

pilot light pilot lights
A pilot light is a small gas flame in a cooker, stove, boiler, or fire. It burns all the time and lights the main large flame when the gas is turned fully on.
N-COUNT

pilot officer

pilot officer
In the British Royal Air Force, a pilot officer is someone who has the rank below Flying Officer.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

pimento

[D.J.:piˈmentəu]

[K.K.:pɪˈmɛnto]

n.

西班牙甘椒,甘椒树

pimento

pimento pimentos
A pimento is a small red pepper.
N-VAR

pimp

[D.J.:pimp]

[K.K.:pɪmp]

n.

〈美俚〉男妓,皮条客

vi.

拉皮条

pimping

[ˈpimpiŋ]

adj.

无足轻重的,微不足道的

pimp *

1. pimp pimps
A pimp is a man who gets clients for prostitutes and takes a large part of the money the prostitutes earn.
N-COUNT

2. pimp pimps pimping pimped
Someone who pimps gets clients for prostitutes and takes a large part of the money the prostitutes earn.

- He stole, lied, deceived and pimped his way out of poverty.

VB

3. pimping

- ...corruption, pimping and prostitution.

N-UNCOUNT

pimpernel

[D.J.:ˈpimpənel]

[K.K.:ˈpɪmpɚˌnɛl, -nəl]

n.

海绿属植物

pimpernel

pimpernel pimpernels
A pimpernel is a small wild plant that usually has red flowers.
N-VAR

pimple

[D.J.:ˈpɪmpəl]

[K.K.:ˈpɪmpəl]

n.

丘疹,粉刺,小脓疱

pimply

adj.

pimply

[D.J.:ˈpɪmplɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpɪmplɪ]

adj.

肿泡的;有疙瘩的;多粉刺的;有丘疹的

pimple

pimple pimples
Pimples are small raised spots, especially on the face.

- ...spots and pimples...

- His face was covered with pimples.

N-COUNT

pimple

noun

spot

boil

plook Scot.

pustule

zit slang

pimply

pimply
If someone is pimply or has a pimply face, they have a lot of pimples on their face.

- ...pimply teenagers.

- ...an old man with a pimply nose.

ADJ-GRADED

pin

[D.J.:pin]

[K.K.:pɪn]

n.

大头针, 别针

饰针

锁, 钉, 插头, 闩

腿

vt.

把…别住, 把…钉住

压住, 使不能动

pinning

[ˈpiniŋ]

n.

销连接

pins

[pinz]

n.

插脚,(烧陶瓷用)烧针

pin ***

1. pin pins
Pins are very small thin pointed pieces of metal. They are used in sewing to fasten pieces of material together until they have been sewn.

- ...needles and pins...

- Use pins to keep the braid in place as you work.

N-COUNT

2. pin pins pinning pinned
If you pin something on or to something, you attach it with a pin, a drawing pin, or a safety pin.

- They pinned a notice to the door.

- Everyone was supposed to dance with the bride and pin money on her dress.

- He had pinned up a map of Finland.

VB

3. pin pins pinning pinned
If someone pins you to something, they press you against a surface so that you cannot move.

- I pinned him against the wall.

- I'd try to get away and he'd pin me down, saying he would kill me.

- She fought at the bulk that pinned her.

VB

4. pin pins
A pin is any long narrow piece of metal or wood that is not sharp, especially one that is used to fasten two things together.

- ...the 18-inch steel pin holding his left leg together.

- ...a two-pin continental adaptor.

N-COUNT

5. pin pins pinning pinned
If someone tries to pin something on you or to pin the blame on you, they say, often unfairly, that you were responsible for something bad or illegal.

- They're trying to pin it on us.

- The trade unions are pinning the blame for the violence on the government.

VB

6. pin pins pinning pinned
If you pin your hopes on something or pin your faith on something, you hope very much that it will produce the result you want.

- The Democrats are pinning their hopes on the next election.

VB

7. pin pins pinning pinned
If someone pins their hair up or pins their hair back, they arrange their hair away from their face using hair pins.

- Cleanse your face thoroughly and pin back your hair.

- In an effort to look older she has pinned her fair hair into a French pleat.

VB

8. pin pins
A pin is something worn on your clothing, for example as jewellery, which is fastened with a pointed piece of metal. (AM)

- ...necklaces, bracelets, and pins.

N-COUNT

9. pin pins
A pin is the part of a hand grenade that is pulled out in order to make the grenade explode.
N-COUNT

10. pin
You can say you could have heard a pin drop when a place is extremely quiet, especially because everyone is waiting for someone to speak or when someone has made a shocking remark.
PHR emphasis

pin

verb

1.

fasten

affix

attach

fix

join

secure

2.

hold fast

fix

hold down

immobilize

pinion

pin down ***

1. pin down pins down; pinning down; pinned down
If you try to pin something down , you try to discover exactly what, where, or when it is.

- It has taken until now to pin down its exact location.

- I can only pin it down to between 1936 and 1942.

- If we cannot pin down exactly what we are supposed to be managing, how can we manage it?

PHR-V

2. pin down pins down; pinning down; pinned down
If you pin someone down , you force them to make a decision or to tell you what their decision is, when they have been trying to avoid doing this.

- She couldn't pin him down to a date.

- ...their repeated efforts to pin him down on a number of topics...

- If you pin people down, they will tell you some puzzling things about stress.

PHR-V

pin down

verb

1.

force

compel

constrain

make

press

pressurize

2.

determine

identify

locate

name

pinpoint

specify

PIN

abbr.

personal identification number 个人身份号码

PIN

abbr.

personal identification number 个人身份号码

PIN

PIN
Someone's PIN or PIN number is the secret number they use with a bank card to withdraw money from a cash machine or ATM. PIN is an abbreviation for `personal identification number'.
N-SING: oft N n

pina colada

pina colada pina coladas
A pina colada is a drink made from rum, coconut juice, and pineapple juice.
N-COUNT

pinafore

[D.J.:ˈpɪnəˌfɔ:, -ˌfəʊr]

[K.K.:ˈpɪnəˌfɔr, -ˌfor]

n.

围裙,尤指小孩的围涎

无袖连衣裙,学生裙

pinafore

pinafore pinafores
A pinafore or a pinafore dress is a sleeveless dress. It is worn over a blouse or sweater. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use jumper )
N-COUNT: oft N n

pinball

[D.J.:ˈpinbɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈpɪnˌbɔl]

n.

钉球戏,弹球戏

pinball

pinball
Pinball is a game in which a player presses two buttons on each side of a pinball machine in order to hit a small ball to the top of the machine. The aim of the game is to prevent the ball reaching the bottom of the machine by pressing the buttons.
N-UNCOUNT

pinball machine

pinball machine pinball machines
A pinball machine is a games machine on which pinball is played. It consists of a sloping table with objects that a ball hits as it rolls down.
N-COUNT

pince-nez

[D.J.:ˈpænsˈneɪ, ˈpɪns-]

[K.K.:ˈpænsˈne, ˈpɪns-]

n.

夹鼻眼镜

pince-nez

pince-nez
Pince-nez are old-fashioned glasses that consist of two lenses that fit tightly onto the top of your nose and do not have parts that rest on your ears.

- His secretary was a tall woman in pince-nez.

N-PLURAL: also a N

pincer

[D.J.:ˈpinsə]

[K.K.:ˈpɪnsɚ]

n.

①(甲壳动物的)螯②钳子

pincers

[D.J.:ˈpɪnsəz]

[K.K.:ˈpɪnsəz]

n.

钳子

(虾、蟹等的)螯

pincer

1. pincer pincers
Pincers consist of two pieces of metal that are hinged in the middle. They are used as a tool for gripping things or for pulling things out.

- His surgical instruments were a knife and a pair of pincers.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

2. pincer pincers
The pincers of an animal such as a crab or a lobster are its front claws.
N-COUNT: usu pl

pincer movement

pincer movement pincer movements
A pincer movement is an attack by an army or other group in which they attack their enemies in two places at once with the aim of surrounding them.

- They are moving in a pincer movement to cut the republic in two.

N-COUNT

pinch

[D.J.:pintʃ]

[K.K.:pɪntʃ]

vt.

盗窃, 偷

逮捕, 拘留

夹痛, 扎痛

vt. & vi.

捏, 掐, 夹, 拧

n.

捏, 掐, 夹, 拧

一撮, 微量

困苦, 穷苦

pinched

[D.J.:pɪntʃt]

[K.K.:pɪntʃt]

adj.

短缺的，匮乏的

pinching

[ˈpintʃiŋ]

v.

收聚

adj.

引起痛苦[拮据]的;吝啬的

pinch **

1. pinch pinches pinching pinched
If you pinch a part of someone's body, you take a piece of their skin between your thumb and first finger and give it a short squeeze.

- She pinched his arm as hard as she could.

- We both kept pinching ourselves to prove that it wasn't all a dream.

VB

2. pinch pinches
Also a noun.

- She gave him a little pinch.

N-COUNT

3. pinch pinches
A pinch of an ingredient such as salt is the amount of it that you can hold between your thumb and your first finger.

- Put all the ingredients, including a pinch of salt, into a food processor.

- ...a pinch of nutmeg.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
to take something with a pinch of salt : see salt .

4. pinch pinches pinching pinched
To pinch something, especially something of little value, means to steal it. (INFORMAL)

- Do you remember when I pinched your glasses?

- ...pickpockets who pinched his wallet.

VB
= steal

5. pinch
If you say that something is possible at a pinch , or in American English if you say that something is possible in a pinch , you mean that it would be possible if it was necessary, but it might not be very comfortable or convenient.

- Six people, and more at a pinch, could be seated comfortably at the table.

PHR: PHR with cl/group

6. pinch
If a person or company is feeling the pinch , they do not have as much money as they used to, and so they cannot buy the things they would like to buy.

- Consumers are spending less and traders are feeling the pinch.

PHR: V inflects

7. pinch
If you are in a pinch , you are in a difficult situation.

- I'd trust her in a pinch.

- Everyone knew he was in a pinch.

PHR: oft PHR with cl

pinched

pinched
If someone's face is pinched , it looks thin and pale, usually because they are ill or old.

- Her face was pinched and drawn.

- She was a small, silent woman with pinched features and thin hair.

ADJ-GRADED

pinch

verb

1.

squeeze

compress

grasp

nip

press

2.

hurt

cramp

crush

pain

3.

steal

filch

knock off slang

lift informal

nick slang chiefly Brit.

pilfer

purloin

snaffle Brit. informal

swipe slang

noun

4.

squeeze

nip

5.

dash

bit

jot

mite

soup¸con

speck

6.

hardship

crisis

difficulty

emergency

necessity

plight

predicament

strait

pinched

adjective Informal

thin

drawn

gaunt

haggard

peaky

worn

pinch-hit

[D.J.:ˈpintʃhit]

[K.K.:ˈpɪntʃˌhɪt]

vi.

紧急时代打球

pinch-hit

1. pinch-hit pinch-hits pinch-hitting pinch-hit
If you pinch-hit for someone, you do something for them because they are unexpectedly unable to do it. (AM)

- The staff here can pinch hit for each other when the hotel is busy.

VB also pinch hit

2. pinch-hit pinch-hits pinch-hitting pinch-hit
In a game of baseball, if you pinch-hit for another player, you hit the ball instead of them. (AM)

- Davalillo goes up to pinch-hit.

VB also pinch hit

3. pinch-hitter pinch-hitters

- Pinch-hitter Francisco Cabrera lashed a single to left field.

N-COUNT

pincushion

[D.J.:ˈpinkuʃin]

[K.K.:ˈpɪnˌkʊʃən]

n.

针垫

pincushion

pincushion pincushions
A pincushion is a very small cushion that you stick pins and needles into so that you can get them easily when you need them.
N-COUNT also pin-cushion .

pine

[D.J.:pain]

[K.K.:paɪn]

n.

松树

松木

vi.

消瘦, 憔悴; 痛苦

渴望

pining

[ˈpainiŋ]

adj.

渴望的;苦思的

n.

牛羊的贫血病

pine **

1. pine pines
A pine tree or a pine is a tall tree which has very thin, sharp leaves and a fresh smell. Pine trees have leaves all year round.

- ...high mountains covered in pine trees.

N-VAR

2. pine
Pine is the wood of this tree.

- ...a big pine table.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

3. pine pines pining pined
If you pine for someone who has died or gone away, you want them to be with you very much and feel sad because they are not there.

- She'd be sitting at home pining for her lost husband.

- Make sure your pet won't pine while you're away.

VB

4. pine pines pining pined
If you pine for something, you want it very much, especially when it is unlikely that you will be able to have it.

- I pine for the countryside.

- ...the democracy they have pined for since 1939.

VB
= yearn for

pine

verb

often with for 1.

long

ache

crave

desire

eat one's heart out over

hanker

hunger for

thirst for

wish for

yearn for

2.

waste

decline

fade

languish

sicken

pineapple

[D.J.:ˈpainˌæpl]

[K.K.:ˈpaɪnˌæpəl]

n.

菠萝, 凤梨

pineapple *

pineapple pineapples
A pineapple is a large oval fruit that grows in hot countries. It is sweet, juicy, and yellow inside. It has a thick brownish skin.
N-VAR

pine cone

pine cone pine cones
A pine cone is one of the brown oval seed cases produced by a pine tree.
N-COUNT

pine needle

pine needle pine needles
Pine needles are very thin, sharp leaves that grow on pine trees.
N-COUNT: usu pl

pine nut

pine nut pine nuts
Pine nuts are small cream-coloured seeds that grow on pine trees. They can be used in salads and other dishes.
N-COUNT: usu pl

pinewood

[D.J.:ˈpaɪnˌwʊd]

[K.K.:ˈpaɪnˌwʊd]

n.

松林

松木

pinewood

1. pinewood pinewoods
A pinewood is a wood which consists mainly of pine trees.

- ...the hilly pinewoods of northeast Georgia.

N-COUNT The spelling pine wood is also used

2. pinewood
Pinewood is wood that has come from a pine tree.

- ...Italian pinewood furniture.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

ping

[D.J.:pɪŋ]

[K.K.:pɪŋ]

n.

<非正>砰,乒

vt.

<非正>发出砰的声响

pinging

[ˈpiŋiŋ]

n.

震性

ping *

1. ping pings pinging pinged
If a bell or a piece of metal pings , it makes a short, high-pitched noise.

- The lift bell pinged at the fourth floor.

VB

2. ping pings
Also a noun.

- ...a metallic ping.

N-COUNT

ping-pong

[D.J.:ˈpɪŋˌpɔ:ŋ, -ˌpɔŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpɪŋˌpɔŋ, -ˌpɑŋ]

n.

乒乓球

ping-pong

ping-pong
Ping-pong is the game of table tennis . (INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

pinhead

[D.J.:ˈpinhed]

[K.K.:ˈpɪnˌhɛd]

n.

大头针的平头

pinhead

1. pinhead pinheads
A pinhead is the small metal or plastic part on the top of a pin.

- It may even be possible to make computers the size of a pinhead one day.

N-COUNT

2. pinhead pinheads
If you think someone is very stupid, you can say they are a pinhead . (INFORMAL)

- ...the pinheads with the money and connections.

N-COUNT disapproval

pinhole

[D.J.:ˈpɪnˌhəʊl]

[K.K.:ˈpɪnˌhol]

n.

针孔,小孔

pinholes

针孔;大头针孔;小洞

pinhole

pinhole pinholes
A pinhole is a tiny hole.
N-COUNT

pinion

[D.J.:ˈpɪnjən]

[K.K.:ˈpɪnjən]

vt.

抓住〔捆住〕(双臂)

n.

<术>小齿轮

pinioned

有翅膀的;被捆住的

pinion

pinion pinions pinioning pinioned
If you are pinioned , someone prevents you from moving or escaping, especially by holding or tying your arms.

- At nine the next morning Bentley was pinioned, hooded and hanged.

VB

pinion

verb

immobilize

bind

chain

fasten

fetter

manacle

shackle

tie

pink

[D.J.:piŋk]

[K.K.:pɪŋk]

adj.

粉红色的, 淡红色的

略带左翼政治观点的

n.

粉红色

典范, 模范

pinkish

[D.J.:ˈpɪŋkɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈpɪŋkɪʃ]

adj.

带桃红色的

较为激进的

pink ****

1. pink pinks pinker pinkest
Pink is the colour between red and white.

- ...pink lipstick.

- ...white flowers edged in pink.

- ...sweaters in a variety of pinks and blues.

COLOUR

2. pinkish

- Her nostrils and eyelids were always a little pinkish, as though she had a cold.

ADJ

3. pinkness

- Only eat meat which has been cooked thoroughly and shows no traces of blood or pinkness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. pink pinks pinker pinkest
If you go pink , your face turns a slightly redder colour than usual because you are embarrassed or angry, or because you are doing something energetic.

- She went pink again as she remembered her mistake.

COLOUR: usu v-link COLOUR
= flush

5. pink
Pink is used to refer to things relating to or connected with homosexuals.

- I think business now realises that they've got to be more aware of the so-called `pink pound'.

ADJ

6. pink pinks
Pinks are small plants that people grow in their gardens. They have sweet-smelling pink, white, or red flowers.
N-COUNT: usu pl

7. pink
If you are in the pink , you are fit, healthy, and happy.

- A glass of red wine keeps you in the pink.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

pink

adjective

rosy

flushed

reddish

rose

roseate

salmon

pinkie

[D.J.:ˈpiŋki]

[K.K.:ˈpɪŋki]

n.

小(手)指

pinkie *

pinkie pinkies
Your pinkie is the smallest finger on your hand. (INFORMAL)

- He pushes his glasses up his nose with his pinkie.

N-COUNT also pinky .

pinko

[D.J.:ˈpiŋkəu]

[K.K.:ˈpɪŋko]

n.

有左倾政治思想的人,左倾分子

adj.

左倾的

pinko

pinko pinkos or pinkoes
If you call someone a pinko , you mean that they have left-wing views. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

pin money

pin money
Pin money is small amounts of extra money that someone earns or gets in order to buy things that they want but that they do not really need. (INFORMAL)

- She'd do anything for a bit of pin money.

N-UNCOUNT

pinnace

[D.J.:ˈpinəs]

[K.K.:ˈpɪnɪs]

n.

装载于舰上的中型艇

pinnace

pinnace pinnaces
A pinnace is a small boat carried on a large ship. Pinnaces are used to carry goods and people from the ship to the shore.
N-COUNT

pinnacle

[D.J.:ˈpɪnəkəl]

[K.K.:ˈpɪnəkəl]

n.

顶峰,顶点,极点

尖顶,小尖塔

pinnacle *

1. pinnacle pinnacles
A pinnacle is a pointed piece of stone or rock that is high above the ground.

- A walker broke his arms, legs and pelvis yesterday when he plunged 80ft from a rocky pinnacle.

N-COUNT

2. pinnacle pinnacles
If someone reaches the pinnacle of their career or the pinnacle of a particular area of life, they are at the highest point of it.

- John Major has reached the pinnacle of British politics.

- She was still a screen goddess at the pinnacle of her career.

- ...trophies that represent the pinnacle of sporting achievement.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n

pinnacle

noun

peak

apex

crest

crown

height

summit

top

vertex

zenith

pinny

[ˈpini]

n.

围嘴儿,围巾

pinny

pinny pinnies
A pinny is an apron . (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

pinpoint

[D.J.:ˈpinpɔint]

[K.K.:ˈpɪnˌpɔɪnt]

n.

一点点

vt.

准确地找出或描述

为…准确定位

adj.

非常精确的

非常小因而需精确瞄准的

pinpoint *

1. pinpoint pinpoints pinpointing pinpointed
If you pinpoint the cause of something, you discover or explain the cause exactly.

- It was almost impossible to pinpoint the cause of death.

- ...if you can pinpoint exactly what the anger is about...

- The commission pinpoints inadequate housing as a basic problem threatening village life.

VB
= identify

2. pinpoint pinpoints pinpointing pinpointed
If you pinpoint something or its position, you discover or show exactly where it is.

- I could pinpoint his precise location on a map.

- Computers pinpointed where the shells were coming from.

VB
= locate

3. pinpoint
If something is placed with pinpoint accuracy, it is placed in exactly the right place or position.

- ...the pinpoint accuracy of the bombing campaigns.

ADJ: ADJ n

pinpoint

verb

identify

define

distinguish

locate

pinprick

[D.J.:ˈpinprik]

[K.K.:ˈpɪnˌprɪk]

n.

针刺的孔,小孔,小烦恼

pinprick

pinprick pinpricks
A very small spot of something can be described as a pinprick .

- ...a pinprick of light...

- She looked up at me with pinpricks of sweat along her hairline.

N-COUNT: with supp also pin-prick , pin prick .

pins and needles

pins and needles
If you have pins and needles in part of your body, you feel small sharp pains there for a short period of time. It usually happens when that part of your body has been in an uncomfortable position.

- I had pins and needles in the tips of my fingers.

N-UNCOUNT

pinstripe

[D.J.:ˈpinstraip]

[K.K.:ˈpɪnˌstraɪp]

n.

细条纹,细条纹的布料

pinstripes

[ˈpinstraips]

n.

细条纹做的衣服[西装]

pinstripe

pinstripe pinstripes
Pinstripes are very narrow vertical stripes found on certain types of clothing. Businessmen's suits often have pinstripes.

- He wore an expensive, dark blue pinstripe suit.

N-COUNT: usu N n also pin-stripe .

pinstriped

pinstriped
A pinstriped suit is made of cloth that has very narrow vertical stripes.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

pint

[paint]

n.

品脱

一品脱啤酒

pint **

1. pint pints
A pint is a unit of measurement for liquids. In Britain, it is equal to 568 cubic centimetres or one eighth of an imperial gallon. In America, it is equal to 473 cubic centimetres or one eighth of an American gallon.

- ...a pint of milk...

- The military requested 6,000 pints of blood from the American Red Cross.

- ...glasses which can hold a full pint.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

2. pint pints
If you go for a pint , you go to the pub to drink a pint of beer or more. (BRIT)

- He sits down and reads the paper, then goes out for a pint.

N-COUNT

pint-sized

adj.

小型的,比标准的要小一些的

pint-sized

pint-sized
If you describe someone or something as pint-sized , you think they are smaller than is normal or smaller than they should be. (INFORMAL)

- Two pint-sized kids emerged from a doorway.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= diminutive

pin-up

[D.J.:ˈpɪnˌʌp]

[K.K.:ˈpɪnˌʌp]

adj.

钉在壁上的

可钉在壁上作装饰的

受欢迎的;美女照片的

n.

<口>(钉在壁上的)美女照片

钉在壁上的东西

pin-up

pin-up pin-ups
A pin-up is an attractive man or woman who appears on posters, often wearing very few clothes.

- ...pin-up boys...

- She was already a famous model and pin-up by the time she made her film debut.

N-COUNT also pinup .

pioneer

[D.J.:ˌpaiəˈniə]

[K.K.:ˌpaɪəˈnɪr]

n.

拓荒者; 开发者

先驱者; 创始者; 先锋

vt.

开拓, 开发, 创始

pioneering

[ˌpaiəˈniəriŋ]

adj.

开创性的, 先驱的

pioneer **

1. pioneer pioneers
Someone who is referred to as a pioneer in a particular area of activity is one of the first people to be involved in it and develop it.

- ...one of the leading pioneers of British photo journalism...

- What they lacked in speed those pioneer pilots made up for by flying only a few feet above the ground.

N-COUNT: oft N of/in n, N n

2. pioneer pioneers pioneering pioneered
Someone who pioneers a new activity, invention, or process is one of the first people to do it.

- ...Professor Alec Jeffreys, who invented and pioneered DNA tests...

- The campaigns are part of American-style innovations being pioneered by the new universities.

- In the end, the battle followed the pattern pioneered by the Russians themselves during World War II.

VB

3. pioneer pioneers
Pioneers are people who leave their own country or the place where they were living, and go and live in a place that has not been lived in before.

- ...abandoned settlements of early European pioneers.

N-COUNT

pioneering *

pioneering
Pioneering work or a pioneering individual does something that has not been done before, for example by developing or using new methods or techniques.

- The school has won awards for its pioneering work with the community.

- America has always retained her pioneering spirit.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= innovative

pioneer

noun

1.

settler

colonist

explorer

2.

founder

developer

innovator

leader

trailblazer

verb

3.

develop

create

discover

establish

initiate

instigate

institute

invent

originate

show the way

start

pious

[D.J.:ˈpaɪəs]

[K.K.:ˈpaɪəs]

adj.

虔诚的, 信神的

虚伪的, 伪善的

不可能实现的

piously

adv.

虔诚地

pious *

1. pious
Someone who is pious is very religious and moral.

- He was brought up by pious female relatives.

- ...pious acts of charity.

ADJ-GRADED
= devout

2. piously

- Conti kneeled and crossed himself piously.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. pious
If you describe someone's words as pious , you think that their words are full of good intentions but do not lead to anything useful being done.

- What we need is not manifestos of pious intentions, but real action.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n disapproval

4. piously

- The groups at the conference spoke piously of their fondness for democracy.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. pious
If you describe someone as pious , you disapprove of the fact that they pretend to be very religious without being sincere.

- His attitude is compassionate without being pious.

- ...an expression of pious innocence.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

6. piously

- `Life,' said Dr Holly piously, `is the only wealth, and I gave you life.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

pious

adjective

religious

devout

God-fearing

godly

holy

reverent

righteous

saintly

pip

abbr.

Product Improcement Program 产品改进计划

pip

[pip]

n.

果核, 种子

短而尖的声音, 报时信号

pip *

1. pip pips
Pips are the small hard seeds in a fruit such as an apple, orange, or pear.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. pip pips pipping pipped
If someone is pipped to something such as a prize or an award, they are defeated by only a small amount. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- It's still possible for the losers to be pipped by West Germany for a semi-final place.

- She pipped actress Meryl Streep to the part.

VB

3. pip pips
In Britain, the pips on the radio are a series of short, high-pitched sounds that are used as a time signal.
N-PLURAL: usu the N

4. pip pips
In Britain, when you make a telephone call from a public telephone, the pips are a signal that you need to put in more money.
N-PLURAL: usu the N

5. pip
If someone is pipped at the post or pipped to the post they are just beaten in a competition or in a race to achieve something. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I didn't want us to be pipped to the post.

PHR

pipe

[D.J.:paip]

[K.K.:paɪp]

n.

管子, 管道

烟斗

管乐器, 笛子

vt.

以管输送

传送

吹哨子下令(表示欢迎)

滚边, 镶花边

vt. & vi.

用笛子吹奏; 鸣啭, 唱

piped

[paipt]

adj.

(服装)拷边的,滚边的

pipes

[paips]

n.

小管(一种通心粉制品)

piping

[D.J.:ˈpaɪpɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpaɪpɪŋ]

n.

①管材;管子

(衣服、椅罩等的)滚边

(食品上装饰用的)奶油花饰,糖霜花饰

adj.

尖声的，高声的

平静的；平和的

pipe ***

1. pipe pipes
A pipe is a long, round, hollow object, usually made of metal or plastic, through which a liquid or gas can flow.

- The liquid can't escape into the air, because it's inside a pipe.

- The plant makes plastic covered steel pipes for the oil and gas industries.

N-COUNT

2. pipe pipes
A pipe is an object which is used for smoking tobacco. You put the tobacco into the cup-shaped part at the end of the pipe, light it, and breathe in the smoke through a narrow tube.
N-COUNT

3. pipe pipes
A pipe is a simple musical instrument in the shape of a tube with holes in it. You play a pipe by blowing into it while covering and uncovering the holes with your fingers.
N-COUNT

4. pipe pipes
Pipes are the same as bagpipes .
N-PLURAL

5. pipe pipes
An organ pipe is one of the long hollow tubes in which air vibrates and produces a musical note.
N-COUNT

6. pipe pipes piping piped
If liquid or gas is piped somewhere, it is transferred from one place to another through a pipe.

- The heated gas is piped through a coil surrounded by water.

- The Communists brought electricity to his village and piped in drinking water from the reservoir.

- Most of the houses in the capital don't have piped water.

VB

7. pipe pipes piping piped
If someone, especially a child, pipes something, they say it in a high-pitched voice. (WRITTEN)

- `But I want to help,' Bessie piped.

VB

8. pipe pipes
In some computer systems, a pipe is a method of passing information from one program to another.
N-COUNT

piping *

1. piping
Piping is metal, plastic, or another substance made in the shape of a pipe or tube.

- ...rolls of bright yellow plastic piping.

N-UNCOUNT

2. piping
Piping is cloth made into a narrow tube. Piping is used to decorate the edges of clothing and things such as cushions.

- The red dress had slim black piping around the neck.

N-UNCOUNT

3. piping
A piping voice is high-pitched. (WRITTEN)

- As she was about to follow there came a piping voice from upstairs. `Is that Daddy back?'

ADJ: ADJ n

pipe

noun

1.

tube

conduit

duct

hose

line

main

passage

pipeline

verb

2.

whistle

cheep

peep

play

sing

sound

warble

3.

convey

channel

conduct

pipe down ***

pipe down pipes down; piped down
If you tell someone who is talking a lot or talking too loudly to pipe down , you are telling them to stop talking. (INFORMAL)

- Just pipe down and I'll tell you what I want.

PHR-V: no cont, usu imper

pipe down

verb Informal

be quiet

hold one's tongue

hush

quieten down

shush

shut one's mouth

shut up informal

pipe up ***

pipe up pipes up; piped up
If someone who has been silent for a while pipes up , they say something, especially something surprising or strange.

- `That's right, mister,' another child piped up.

- At which point I piped up and asked whether it might be at all possible to have some positive input.

PHR-V: no cont

pipe bomb

pipe bomb pipe bombs
A pipe bomb is a small bomb in a narrow tube made by someone such as a terrorist.
N-COUNT

pipe cleaner

pipe cleaner pipe cleaners
A pipe cleaner is a piece of wire covered with a soft substance which is used to clean a tobacco pipe.
N-COUNT

piped music

piped music
Piped music is recorded music which is played in some supermarkets, restaurants, and other public places. (BRIT; in AM use Muzak )
N-UNCOUNT

pipe dream

pipe dream pipe dreams
A pipe dream is a hope or plan that you have which you know will never really happen.

- You could waste your whole life on a pipe-dream.

N-COUNT also pipe-dream .

pipeline

[D.J.:ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn]

n.

管道,管线

in the pipeline

在考虑(或规划、准备) 中； 在酿中

pipeline **

1. pipeline pipelines
A pipeline is a large pipe which is used for carrying oil or gas over a long distance, often underground.

- A consortium plans to build a natural-gas pipeline from Russia to supply eastern Germany.

N-COUNT

2. pipeline
If something is in the pipeline , it has already been planned or begun.

- Already in the pipeline is a 2.9 per cent pay increase for teachers.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

pipeline

noun

tube

conduit

duct

passage

pipe

piper

[D.J.:ˈpaipə]

[K.K.:ˈpaɪpɚ]

n.

吹笛人, 吹风笛的人

piper *

1. piper pipers
A piper is a musician who plays the bagpipes.
N-COUNT

2. piper
If you say ` He who pays the piper ' or ` He who pays the piper calls the tune ', you mean that the person who provides the money for something decides what will be done, or has a right to decide what will be done.
PHR

pipework

管道工程管(组)

pipework

pipework
Pipework consists of the pipes that are part of a machine, building, or structure.

- The stainless steel pipework has been constructed, tested and inspected to very high standards.

N-UNCOUNT

piping hot

piping hot
Food or water that is piping hot is very hot.

- ...large cups of piping-hot coffee...

- Serve piping hot, with herbs sprinkled on top.

ADJ also piping-hot .

piquancy

[ˈpi:kənsi]

n.

辛辣,辣味,痛快

piquant

[D.J.:ˈpi:kənt, -ˌkɑ:nt, pi:ˈkɑ:nt]

[K.K.:ˈpikənt, -ˌkɑnt, piˈkɑnt]

adj.

辛辣的,开胃的,刺激的

有趣的

piquancy

n.

piquant

1. piquant
Food that is piquant has a pleasantly spicy taste. (WRITTEN)

- ...a crisp mixed salad with an unusually piquant dressing.

ADJ-GRADED

2. piquancy

- A little mustard is served on the side to add further piquancy.

N-UNCOUNT

3. piquant
Something that is piquant is interesting and exciting. (WRITTEN)

- There may well have been a piquant novelty about her books when they came out.

ADJ-GRADED

4. piquancy

- Piquancy was added to the situation because Dr Porter was then on the point of marrying Hugh Miller.

N-UNCOUNT

piquant

adjective

1.

spicy

biting

pungent

savoury

sharp

tangy

tart

zesty

2.

interesting

lively

provocative

scintillating

sparkling

stimulating

pique

[D.J.:pi:k]

[K.K.:pik]

vt.

伤害…的自尊心

激起(好奇心)

pique sb’s interest, curiosity, etc.

使…兴趣盎然；引起…的好奇

n.

愤恨,不满

(自尊心受损时的)不悦,愠怒

pique

1. pique
Pique is the feeling of annoyance you have when you think someone has not treated you properly.

- Mimi had gotten over her pique at Susan's refusal to accept the job.

N-UNCOUNT

2. pique piques piquing piqued
If something piques your interest or curiosity, it makes you interested or curious.

- This phenomenon piqued Dr Morris' interest.

- Their curiosity piqued, they stopped writing.

VB
= arouse

3. pique
If someone does something in a fit of pique , they do it suddenly because they are annoyed at being not treated properly.

- Lawrence, in a fit of pique, left the Army and took up a career in the City.

PHR

piqued

piqued
If someone is piqued , they are offended or annoyed, often by something that is not very important.

- Granny was astounded and a little piqued, I think, because it had all been arranged without her knowledge.

- She wrinkled her nose, piqued by his total lack of enthusiasm.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

pique

noun

1.

resentment

annoyance

displeasure

huff

hurt feelings

irritation

offence

umbrage

wounded pride

verb

2.

displease

affront

annoy

get informal

irk

irritate

nettle

offend

rile

sting

3.

arouse

excite

rouse

spur

stimulate

stir

whet

piracy

[D.J.:ˈpaɪərəsi:]

[K.K.:ˈpaɪrəsi]

n.

海盗行为,海上掠夺

piracy

1. piracy
Piracy is robbery at sea carried out by pirates.

- Seven of the fishermen have been formally charged with piracy.

N-UNCOUNT

2. piracy
You can refer to the illegal copying of things such as video tapes and computer programs as piracy .

- ...protection against piracy of books, films and other intellectual property.

N-UNCOUNT

piracy

noun

robbery

buccaneering

freebooting

stealing

theft

piranha

[D.J.:piˈrɑ:niə]

[K.K.:pɪˈrɑnjə, -ˈrænjə, -ˈrɑnə, -ˈrænə]

n.

水虎鱼(产于南美产的一种小鱼)

piranha

piranha piranhas
A piranha is a small, fierce fish which is found in South America.
N-COUNT piranha can also be used as the plural form

pirate

[D.J.:ˈpaiərit]

[K.K.:ˈpaɪrɪt]

vt.

剽窃, 非法翻印, 侵犯专利

n.

海盗

剽窃者, 侵犯版权者

pirate **

1. pirate pirates
Pirates are sailors who attack other ships and steal property from them.

- In the nineteenth century pirates roamed the seas.

N-COUNT

2. pirate pirates
You can refer to someone who behaves in an immoral or illegal way as a pirate .

- Of course I knew Max was a rogue, a bit of a pirate.

N-COUNT

3. pirate pirates pirating pirated
Someone who pirates video tapes, cassettes, books, or computer programs copies and sells them when they have no right to do so.

- A school technician pirated anything from video nasties to computer games.

- ...American manufacturers who've seen their designs pirated in other countries.

VB

4. pirated

- Pirated copies of music tapes are flooding the market.

- A pirated edition of the book was published in August 1986.

ADJ

5. pirate
A pirate version of something is an illegal copy of it.

- Pirate copies of the video are already said to be in Britain.

ADJ: ADJ n

pirate

noun

1.

buccaneer

corsair

freebooter

marauder

raider

2.

plagiarist

cribber informal

infringer

plagiarizer

verb

3.

copy

appropriate

crib informal

plagiarize

poach

reproduce

steal

pirate radio

pirate radio pirate radios
Pirate radio is the broadcasting of radio programmes illegally. (BRIT)

- ...a pirate radio station.

N-VAR

pirouette

[D.J.:ˌpɪru:ˈet]

[K.K.:ˌpɪruˈɛt]

n.

(芭蕾)皮鲁埃特旋转(竖趾旋转)

vi.

作皮鲁埃特旋转

pirouette

1. pirouette pirouettes
A pirouette is a movement in ballet dancing. The dancer stands on one foot and spins their body round fast.

- Virginia Zucci of the Russian Ballet was famous for her pirouettes.

N-COUNT

2. pirouette pirouettes pirouetting pirouetted
If someone pirouettes , they perform one or more pirouettes.

- She pirouetted in front of the glass.

VB

Pisces

[D.J.:ˈpaisi:z]

[K.K.:ˈpaɪsiz]

n.

双鱼座, 双鱼宫

出生于双鱼宫时段的人

Pisces **

1. Pisces
Pisces is one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. Its symbol is two fish. People who are born between the 19th of February and the 20th of March come under this sign.
N-UNCOUNT

2. Pisces
A Pisces is a person whose sign of the zodiac is Pisces.
N-SING: a N

piss

[D.J.:pis]

[K.K.:pɪs]

n.

尿

撒尿

vi.

撒尿

倾盆而下

pissed

[D.J.:pist]

[K.K.:pɪst]

adj.

愤怒的,醉的

piss **

1. piss pisses pissing pissed
To piss means to urinate. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
VB: V

2. piss
If someone has a piss , they urinate. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-SING: a N

3. piss
Piss is urine. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-UNCOUNT

4. piss pisses pissing pissed
If it is pissing with rain, it is raining very hard.
VB: usu cont

5. piss down pisses down; pissing down; pissed down
Piss down means the same as piss . (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- It was pissing down out there.

PHR-V

6. piss pisses pissing pissed
If someone is pissing themselves, or is pissing themselves laughing, they are laughing a lot. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- I just pissed myself with laughter.

VB

7. piss
If you take the piss out of someone, you tease them and make fun of them. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
PHR: V inflects

pissed *

1. pissed
Someone who is pissed is drunk. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- He was just lying there completely pissed.

ADJ-GRADED

2. pissed
If you say that someone is pissed , you mean that they are annoyed. (AM, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- You know Molly's pissed at you.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ at n
= annoyed

piss around **

1. piss around pisses around; pissing around; pissed around
If you say that someone pisses around or pisses about , you mean they waste a lot of time doing unimportant things. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- Now, let's stop pissing about, shall we?

PHR-V (BRIT) also piss about disapproval
= muck about

2. piss around pisses around; pissing around; pissed around
If you say that someone pisses around or pisses about , you mean they behave in a silly, childish way. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- We just pissed about, laughing.

PHR-V
= muck about

piss off **

1. piss off pisses off; pissing off; pissed off
If someone or something pisses you off , they annoy you. (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- It pisses me off when they start moaning about going to war.

PHR-V

2. pissed off

- I was really pissed off.

ADJ-GRADED

3. piss off pisses off; pissing off; pissed off
If someone tells a person to piss off , they are telling the person in a rude way to go away. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
PHR-V: V P

piss-take

n.

〈俚〉开(某人的)玩笑

piss-take

piss-take piss-takes
A piss-take is an act of making fun of someone or something. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-COUNT: usu sing

piss-up

n.

痛饮,狂饮

piss-up

piss-up piss-ups
If a group of people have a piss-up , they drink a lot of alcohol. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-COUNT: usu sing

pistachio

[D.J.:pisˈtɑ:ʃiəu]

[K.K.:pɪˈstæʃiˌo, -ˈstɑʃiˌo]

n.

阿月浑子树,阿月浑子果实,淡黄绿色

pistachio

pistachio pistachios
Pistachios or pistachio nuts are small, green, edible nuts.
N-VAR

piste

[D.J.:pi:st]

[K.K.:pist]

n.

滑雪道

piste

piste pistes
A piste is a track of firm snow for skiing on.
N-COUNT

pistol

[D.J.:ˈpistl]

[K.K.:ˈpɪstəl]

n.

手枪

pistol **

pistol pistols
A pistol is a small gun.
N-COUNT

piston

[D.J.:ˈpistən]

[K.K.:ˈpɪstən]

n.

〈机〉活塞

piston *

piston pistons
A piston is a cylinder or metal disc that is part of an engine. Pistons slide up and down inside tubes and cause various parts of the engine to move.
N-COUNT

pit

[D.J.:pit]

[K.K.:pɪt]

n.

坑

煤矿, 矿坑

vt.

使有麻子; 使有凹陷

pits

凹点

pitted

[D.J.:ˈpitid]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtɪd]

adj.

有凹痕的,去核的

pitting

[ˈpitiŋ]

n.

蚀损斑,氢气泡疤

pit ***

1. pit pits
A pit is a coal mine.

- It was a better community then when all the pits were working.

N-COUNT

2. pit pits
A pit is a large hole that is dug in the ground.

- Eric lost his footing and began to slide into the pit.

N-COUNT

3. pit pits
A gravel pit or clay pit is a very large hole that is left where gravel or clay has been dug from the ground.

- This area of former farmland was worked as a gravel pit until 1964.

N-COUNT: supp N

4. pit pits pitting pitted
If two opposing things or people are pitted against one another, they are in conflict.

- You will be pitted against two, three, or four people who are every bit as good as you are.

- This was one man pitted against the universe.

VB: usu passive

5. pit pits
In motor racing, the pits are the areas at the side of the track where drivers stop to get more fuel and to repair their cars during races.

- He moved quickly into the pits and climbed rapidly out of the car.

N-COUNT: usu pl
See also pit stop .

6. pit pits
If you describe something as the pits , you mean that it is extremely bad. (SPOKEN)

- Mary Ann asked him how dinner had been. `The pits,' he replied.

N-PLURAL: the N

7. pit pits
A pit is the stone of a fruit or vegetable. (AM)
N-COUNT
= stone

8. pit
If you pit your wits against someone, you compete with them in a test of knowledge or intelligence.

- I'd like to manage at the very highest level and pit my wits against the best.

PHR: V inflects

9. pit
If you have a feeling in the pit of your stomach , you have a tight or sick feeling in your stomach, usually because you are afraid or anxious.

- I had a funny feeling in the pit of my stomach.

PHR

pitted

1. pitted
Pitted fruits have had their stones removed.

- ...green and black pitted olives.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. pitted
If the surface of something is pitted , it is covered with a lot of small, shallow holes.

- Everywhere building facades are pitted with shell and bullet holes.

- ...the pitted surface of the moon.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n

pit

noun

1.

hole

abyss

cavity

chasm

crater

dent

depression

hollow

verb

2.

scar

dent

indent

mark

pockmark

pit bull terrier

pit bull terrier pit bull terriers
A pit bull terrier or a pit bull is a very fierce kind of dog. Some people train pit bull terriers to fight other dogs.
N-COUNT

pitch

[D.J.:pitʃ]

[K.K.:pɪtʃ]

n.

球场

音调, 音高

程度; 强度; 高度

沥青

颠簸

斜度, 坡度

商贩摊位, 艺人表演场地

推销商品的话

vt.

投, 掷, 扔

为…定音调

用人们易懂的方式表述

vt. & vi.

搭(帐篷), 扎(营)

(使)突然向前倒下

vi.

颠簸

向下倾斜

pitched

[D.J.:pitʃt]

[K.K.:pɪtʃt]

adj.

(屋顶)有坡度的

pitching

[D.J.:ˈpitʃiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtʃɪŋ]

n.

铺地石,俯仰

pitch ***

1. pitch pitches
A pitch is an area of ground that is marked out and used for playing a game such as soccer, cricket, or hockey. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use field )

- There was a swimming-pool, cricket pitches, playing fields.

- In their conduct, both on and off the pitch, the Danes were a credit to the game.

N-COUNT: oft n N

2. pitch pitches pitching pitched
If you pitch something somewhere, you throw it with quite a lot of force, usually aiming it carefully.

- Simon pitched the empty bottle into the lake.

VB

3. pitch pitches pitching pitched
To pitch somewhere means to fall forwards suddenly and with a lot of force.

- The movement took him by surprise, and he pitched forward.

- Alan staggered sideways, pitched head-first over the low wall and fell into the lake.

- I was pitched into the water and swam ashore.

VB

4. pitch pitches pitching pitched
If someone is pitched into a new situation, they are suddenly forced into it.

- They were being pitched into a new adventure in which they would have to fight the whole world.

- This could pitch the government into confrontation with the work-force.

VB

5. pitch pitches pitching pitched
In the game of baseball or rounders, when you pitch the ball, you throw it to the batter for them to hit it.

- We passed long, hot afternoons pitching a baseball.

VB

6. pitching

- His pitching was a legend among major league hitters.

N-UNCOUNT

7. pitch
The pitch of a sound is how high or low it is.

- He raised his voice to an even higher pitch.

N-UNCOUNT
See also perfect pitch .

8. pitch pitches pitching pitched
If a sound is pitched at a particular level, it is produced at the level indicated.

- His cry is pitched at a level that makes it impossible to ignore.

- His voice was pitched high, the words muffled by his crying.

- Her voice was well pitched and brisk.

VB: usu passive
See also high-pitched , low-pitched .

9. pitch pitches pitching pitched
If something is pitched at a particular level or degree of difficulty, it is set at that level.

- Whilst this is very important material I think it's probably pitched at rather too high a level for our purposes.

- The government has pitched High Street interest rates at a new level.

VB

10. pitch
If something such as a feeling or a situation rises to a high pitch , it rises to a high level.

- I feel very sorry for the competitors who have all worked themselves up to a very high pitch for this first day.

- Tension has reached such a pitch that the armed forces say soldiers may have to use their weapons to defend themselves against local people.

N-SING: usu with supp
See also fever pitch .

11. pitch pitches pitching pitched
If you pitch your tent , or pitch camp , you put up your tent in a place where you are going to stay.

- He had pitched his tent in the yard.

- At dusk we pitched camp in the middle of nowhere.

VB

12. pitch pitches pitching pitched
If a boat pitches , it moves violently up and down with the movement of the waves when the sea is rough.

- The ship is pitching and rolling in what looks like about fifteen foot seas.

VB

13. pitch
Pitch is a black substance that is sticky when it is hot and very hard when it is dry. Pitch is used on the bottoms of boats and on the roofs of houses to prevent water getting in.

- The timbers of similar houses were painted with pitch.

N-UNCOUNT
See also pitch-black .

14. pitch
If someone makes a pitch for something, they try to persuade people to do or buy it.

- The President speaks in New York today, making another pitch for his economic program.

- Prue invited the magazine's editor to lunch and made her pitch.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR for n
See also sales pitch .

pitched

pitched
A pitched roof is one that slopes as opposed to one that is flat.

- ...a rather quaint lodge with a steeply-pitched roof.

ADJ-GRADED
= slanting

See also high-pitched , low-pitched .

pitch

verb

1.

throw

cast

chuck informal

fling

heave

hurl

lob informal

sling

toss

2.

set up

erect

put up

raise

settle

3.

fall

dive

drop

topple

tumble

4.

toss

lurch

plunge

roll

noun

5.

sports field

field of play

ground

park U.S. & Canad.

6.

level

degree

height

highest point

point

summit

7.

slope

angle

dip

gradient

incline

tilt

8.

tone

modulation

sound

timbre

9.

sales talk

patter

spiel informal

pitch for ***

pitch for pitches for; pitching for; pitched for
If someone is pitching for something, they are trying to persuade other people to give it to them.

- ...laws prohibiting the state's accountants from pitching for business...

- It was middle-class votes they were pitching for.

PHR-V: usu cont

pitch in ***

pitch in pitches in; pitching in; pitched in
If you pitch in , you join in and help with an activity. (INFORMAL)

- The agency says international relief agencies also have pitched in.

- Cartoonists have pitched in with their favourites from their own and other hands.

- The entire company pitched in to help.

PHR-V

pitch in

verb

help

chip in informal

contribute

cooperate

do one's bit

join in

lend a hand

participate

pitch-black

[D.J.:ˈpɪtʃˈblæk]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtʃˈblæk]

adj.

漆黑的,墨黑的

pitch-black

pitch-black
If a place or the night is pitch-black , it is completely dark.

- ...a cold pitch-black winter morning.

ADJ
= pitch-dark

pitch-black

adjective

jet-black

dark

inky

pitch-dark

unlit

pitch-dark

[D.J.:ˈpɪtʃˈdɑ:k]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtʃˈdɑrk]

adj.

漆黑的

pitch-dark

pitch-dark
Pitch-dark means the same as pitch-black .

- It was pitch-dark in the room and I couldn't see a thing.

ADJ also pitch dark .
= pitch-black

pitched battle

pitched battle pitched battles
A pitched battle is a very fierce and violent fight involving a large number of people.

- For the next three nights pitched battles were fought with the police.

N-COUNT

pitcher

[D.J.:ˈpɪtʃə]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtʃɚ]

n.

大水罐

pitchers

瓷渣

pitcher *

1. pitcher pitchers
A pitcher is a jug. (mainly AM)

- ...a pitcher of iced water.

N-COUNT
= ewer

2. pitcher pitchers
A pitcher is a large container made of clay. Pitchers are usually round in shape and have a narrow neck and two handles shaped like ears.
N-COUNT

3. pitcher pitchers
In baseball, the pitcher is the person who throws the ball to the batter, who tries to hit it.

- Over the next five years, he became one of the greatest pitchers in baseball.

N-COUNT

pitchfork

[D.J.:ˈpɪtʃˌfɔ:k]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtʃˌfɔrk]

n.

杈子;干草叉

pitchfork

pitchfork pitchforks
A pitchfork is a tool with a long handle and two pointed parts that is used on a farm for lifting hay or cut grass.
N-COUNT

pitch invasion

pitch invasion pitch invasions
If there is a pitch invasion during or after a football, rugby, or cricket match, fans run on to the pitch. (BRIT)

- There was a peaceful pitch invasion after Milan's eighth goal.

N-COUNT

piteous

[D.J.:ˈpɪti:əs]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtiəs]

adj.

使人怜悯的,可怜的

piteously

adv.

piteousness

n.

piteously

[D.J.:ˈpɪtɪəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtɪəslɪ]

adv.

可怜地;凄惨地

慈悲地

piteous

piteous
Something that is piteous is so sad that you feel great pity for the person involved. (WRITTEN)

- As they pass by, a piteous wailing is heard.

ADJ-GRADED
= pitiful

piteous

adjective

pathetic

affecting

distressing

harrowing

heartbreaking

heart-rending

moving

pitiable

pitiful

plaintive

poignant

sad

pitfall

[D.J.:ˈpitfɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtˌfɔl]

n.

(捕猎野兽用的)陷阱

意想不到的困难; 易犯的错误

pitfall *

pitfall pitfalls
The pitfalls involved in a particular activity or situation are the things that may go wrong or may cause problems.

- The pitfalls of working abroad are numerous.

- He also points out that forward planning can help avoid stressful pitfalls.

N-COUNT: usu pl

pitfall

noun

danger

catch

difficulty

drawback

hazard

peril

snag

trap

pith

[D.J.:pɪθ]

[K.K.:pɪθ]

n.

(木)髓

橙子等外皮之下的海绵层,中果皮

(争论、思想等)核心,精髓,要点

精力, 体力, 力气

pith

pith
The pith of an orange, lemon, or similar fruit is the white substance between the skin and the inside of the fruit.
N-UNCOUNT: usu the N

pith

noun

essence

core

crux

gist

heart

kernel

nub

point

quintessence

salient point

pithead

[ˈpithed]

n.

坑口,其附近建筑物

pithead

pithead pitheads
The pithead at a coal mine is all the buildings and machinery which are above ground.

- Across the river the railway track ran up to the pithead.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

pithily

[ˈpiθili]

adv.

有力地,简洁地

pithiness

[ˈpiθinis]

n.

有力,简洁

pithy

[D.J.:ˈpɪθi:]

[K.K.:ˈpɪθi]

adj.

简练的,精辟的,简洁扼要的

pithily

adv.

pithiness

n.

pithy

1. pithy pithier pithiest
A pithy comment or piece of writing is short, direct, and full of meaning. (WRITTEN)

- His pithy advice to young painters was, `Above all, keep your colours fresh.'.

- Many of them made a point of praising the film's pithy dialogue.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. pithily

- Louis Armstrong defined jazz pithily as `what I play for a living'.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

pithy

adjective

succinct

brief

cogent

concise

epigrammatic

laconic

pointed

short

terse

to the point

trenchant

pitiable

[D.J.:ˈpɪti:əbəl]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtiəbəl]

adj.

使人怜悯的,可怜的,可鄙的

pitiably

adv.

pitiably

adv.

可怜地,卑劣地

pitiable

1. pitiable
Someone who is pitiable is in such a sad or weak state that you feel pity for them. (WRITTEN)

- Her grandmother seemed to her a pitiable figure.

ADJ-GRADED
= pitiful

2. pitiably

- Their main grievance was that they had not received their pitiably low pay.

- She found Frances lying on the bed crying pitiably.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj
= pitifully

pitiful

[D.J.:ˈpɪtɪfəl]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtɪfəl]

adj.

值得同情的,可怜的

可鄙的,可耻的

pitifully

[D.J.:ˈpɪtɪfʊlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtɪfʊlɪ]

adv.

可怜地

可恨地

pitiful *

1. pitiful
Someone or something that is pitiful is so sad, weak, or small that you feel pity for them.

- He sounded both pitiful and eager to get what he wanted.

- It was the most pitiful sight I had ever seen.

ADJ-GRADED

2. pitifully

- His legs were pitifully thin compared to the rest of his bulk.

ADV-GRADED

3. pitiful
If you describe something as pitiful , you mean that it is completely inadequate.

- The choice is pitiful and the quality of some of the products is very low.

- The farmers pay pitiful wages, often in the form of food and clothes.

ADJ-GRADED
= meagre

4. pitifully

- State help for the mentally handicapped is pitifully inadequate.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

5. pitiful
If you describe something as pitiful , you mean that it does not deserve respect or consideration.

- This argument seems to show a pitiful lack of confidence in the capabilities of our juries.

ADJ-GRADED
= pathetic

pitiful

adjective

1.

pathetic

distressing

grievous

harrowing

heartbreaking

heart-rending

piteous

pitiable

sad

wretched

2.

contemptible

abject

base

low

mean

miserable

paltry

shabby

sorry

pitiless

[D.J.:ˈpɪtɪlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtɪlɪs]

adj.

没有怜悯心的,无情的

pitilessly

adv.

pitilessly

[D.J.:ˈpɪtɪlɪslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtɪlɪslɪ]

adv.

无情地;冷酷地

pitiless

1. pitiless
Someone or something that is pitiless shows no pity or kindness. (LITERARY)

- He saw the pitiless eyes of his enemy.

- His judgements are immediate, pitiless.

ADJ-GRADED
= merciless

2. pitilessly

- She had scorned him pitilessly.

ADV-GRADED

3. pitiless
If you describe something such as the weather or the heat as pitiless , you mean that it is very extreme. (LITERARY)

- John Steinbeck used the dust and the pitiless skies as the backcloth to his novel.

ADJ-GRADED

pitiless

adjective

merciless

callous

cold-blooded

cold-hearted

cruel

hardhearted

heartless

implacable

relentless

ruthless

unmerciful

pitman

[D.J.:ˈpitmən]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtmən]

n.

矿工(尤指煤矿工人)

pitman *

pitman pitmen
Pitmen are coal miners . (BRIT, JOURNALISM; ALSO AM)

- Many of the older pitmen may never work again.

N-COUNT: usu pl

pit stop

1. pit stop pit stops
In motor racing, if a driver makes a pit stop , he or she stops in a special place at the side of the track to get more fuel and to make repairs.

- He had to make four pit stops during the race.

N-COUNT

2. pit stop pit stops
A pit stop is a brief stop for rest and food, especially when you are on a journey. (INFORMAL)

- They went around the world in a week without a pit stop.

N-COUNT

pitta

[D.J.:ˈpɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtə]

n.

(希腊和中东地区的)皮塔饼

pitta

pitta pittas
Pitta or pitta bread is a type of bread in the shape of a flat oval. It can be split open and filled with food such as meat and salad.

- ...pitta bread stuffed with slices of home-cooked ham.

N-VAR The spelling pita is used in American English, pronounced

pittance

[D.J.:ˈpɪtns]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtn..s]

n.

少量，少许

微薄的工资,少量的收入

pittance

pittance pittances
If you say that you receive a pittance , you are emphasizing that you get only a very small amount of money, probably not as much as you think you deserve.

- Her secretaries work tirelessly for a pittance.

N-COUNT: usu sing emphasis

pittance

noun

peanuts slang

chicken feed slang

drop

mite

slave wages

trifle

pituitary gland

pituitary gland pituitary glands
The pituitary gland or the pituitary is a gland that is attached to the base of the brain. It produces hormones which affect growth, sexual development, and other functions of the body. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT: usu sing

pity

[D.J.:ˈpiti]

[K.K.:ˈpɪti]

n.

怜悯, 同情

可惜的事; 憾事

vt.

同情; 怜悯

觉得…可鄙

pitying

[D.J.:ˈpɪtɪɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtɪɪŋ]

adj.

怜悯的;同情的

pityingly

[D.J.:ˈpɪtɪɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpɪtɪɪ ŋlɪ]

adv.

可怜地;同情地

pity **

1. pity
If you feel pity for someone, you feel very sorry for them.

- He felt a sudden tender pity for her.

- She knew that she was an object of pity among her friends.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n
See also self-pity .

2. pity pities pitying pitied
If you pity someone, you feel very sorry for them.

- I don't know whether to hate or pity him.

VB

3. pity
If you say that it is a pity that something is the case, you mean that you feel disappointment or regret about it.

- It is a great pity that all pupils in the city cannot have the same chances.

- Pity you haven't got your car, isn't it.

- It seemed a pity to let it all go to waste.

N-SING: a N, oft it v-link N that/to-inf feelings

4. pity
If someone shows pity , they do not harm or punish someone they have power over.

- Non-communist forces have some pity towards people here.

- She saw no pity in their faces.

N-UNCOUNT
= mercy

5. pity
If you add more's the pity to a comment, you are expressing your disappointment or regret about something.

- But my world isn't your world, more's the pity.

PHR with cl feelings

6. pity
You can say for pity's sake to add emphasis to what you are saying, especially when you are annoyed or upset.

- `Run, Katherine. For pity's sake run!' he screamed.

PHR: usu PHR with cl emphasis

7. pity
If you take pity on someone, you feel sorry for them and help them.

- No woman had ever felt the need to take pity on him before.

PHR: V inflects

8. pity
If you say the pity is that , or the pity of it is that , before a comment, you are emphasizing your disappointment or regret about something.

- The pity is that it was all completely unnecessary.

- The pity of it was that the Americans didn't play cricket.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

pitying

1. pitying
A pitying look shows that someone feels pity and perhaps slight contempt.

- She gave him a pitying look; that was the sort of excuse her father would use.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. pityingly

- Stasik looked at him pityingly and said nothing.

ADV: ADV after v

pity

noun

1.

compassion

charity

clemency

fellow feeling

forbearance

kindness

mercy

sympathy

2.

shame

bummer slang

crying shame

misfortune

sin

verb

3.

feel sorry for

bleed for

feel for

grieve for

have compassion for

sympathize with

weep for

pivot

[D.J.:ˈpɪvət]

[K.K.:ˈpɪvət]

n.

枢,枢轴,支点

vi.

(似)在枢轴上转动

vt.

把…放在枢轴上

pivot on/around sth

以…为核心；围绕(主旨)展开

pivoted

[ˈpivətid]

adj.

转动的,回转的,装在枢轴上的

pivoting

[ˈpivətiŋ]

n.

绕轴旋转,绕公共法线旋转

pivot *

1. pivot pivots
The pivot in a situation is the most important thing which everything else is based on or arranged around.

- Forming the pivot of the exhibition is a large group of watercolours.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing, oft the N of n

2. pivot pivots pivoting pivoted
If something pivots , it balances or turns on a central point.

- The boat pivoted on its central axis and pointed straight at the harbour entrance.

- She pivots gracefully on the stage.

- He pivoted his whole body through ninety degrees.

VB

3. pivot pivots
A pivot is the pin or the central point on which something balances or turns.

- The pedal had sheared off at the pivot.

N-COUNT: usu sing

pivot

noun

1.

axis

axle

fulcrum

spindle

swivel

2.

hub

centre

heart

hinge

kingpin

verb

3.

turn

revolve

rotate

spin

swivel

twirl

4.

rely

be contingent

depend

hang

hinge

pivot on *

pivot on pivots on; pivoting on; pivoted on
If one thing pivots on another, it depends on it.

- Peace brought no solution to the economic problems that pivoted on overseas trade.

PHR-V

pivotal

[D.J.:ˈpivətl]

[K.K.:ˈpɪvətl]

adj.

作为支点的, 枢轴的

中枢的, 关键的

pivotal *

pivotal
A pivotal role, point or figure in something is one that is very important and affects the success of that thing.

- The Court of Appeal has a pivotal role in the English legal system.

- The elections may prove to be pivotal in Colombia's political history.

ADJ
= critical

pivotal

adjective

crucial

central

critical

decisive

vital

pix

[D.J.:piks]

[K.K.:pɪks]

v.

检查(硬币的)重量和纯度

n.

照片,影片

pix

pix
Pix is an informal way of spelling pics meaning `photographs' or `films'.

- ...splendid pix by ace photographer Mike Goldwater.

- ...a deluge of gangster pix.

N-PLURAL

pixel

[D.J.:ˈpiksəl]

[K.K.:ˈpɪksəl, -ˌsɛl]

n.

(显示器或电视机图像的)像素

pixel

pixel pixels
A pixel is the smallest area on a computer screen which can be given a separate colour by the computer. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

pixie

[D.J.:ˈpiksi]

[K.K.:ˈpɪksi]

n.

小精灵,小仙子

pixie

pixie pixies
A pixie is an imaginary little creature like a fairy. Pixies have pointed ears and wear pointed hats.
N-COUNT

pixie

noun

elf

brownie

fairy

sprite

pizza

[D.J.:ˈpitsə]

[K.K.:ˈpitsə]

n.

意大利薄饼, 比萨饼

pizza **

pizza pizzas
A pizza is a flat, round piece of dough covered with tomatoes, cheese, and other savoury food, and then baked in an oven.

- ...the last piece of pizza...

- We went for a pizza together at lunch-time.

N-VAR

pizzazz

[D.J.:piˈzæz]

[K.K.:pɪˈzæz]

n.

精力,潇洒

pizzazz

pizzazz
If you say that someone or something has pizzazz , you mean that they are very exciting, energetic, and stylish. (INFORMAL)

- ...a young woman with a lot of energy and pizzazz.

N-UNCOUNT also pzazz or pizazz . approval

pizzeria

[D.J.:pi:tsəˈri:ə]

[K.K.:ˌpitsəˈriə]

n.

匹萨饼店,意大利肉饼店

pizzeria

pizzeria pizzerias
A pizzeria is a place where pizza is made, sold, and eaten.
N-COUNT

pizzicato

[D.J.:ˌpitsiˈkɑ:təu]

[K.K.:ˌpɪtsɪˈkɑto]

n.

拨奏曲,用指弹的乐曲

adj.

指弹的

pizzicato

1. pizzicato
If a stringed instrument is played pizzicato , it is played by pulling the strings with the fingers rather than by using the bow. (TECHNICAL)

- ...a piece designed to be played pizzicato.

ADV: ADV after v

2. pizzicato pizzicatos
Also a noun.

- ...an extended pizzicato section.

N-COUNT: oft N n

pkt

pkt
Pkt is used in recipes as a written abbreviation for packet .

pl

abbr.

Poland 波兰

pl

abbr.

Poland 波兰

pl *

1. Pl
In addresses and on maps and signs, Pl is often used as a written abbreviation for Place .

- 27 Queensdale Pl, London W11, England.

The spelling pl. is also used

2. pl
In grammar, pl is often used as a written abbreviation for plural .
The spelling pl. is also used

3. pl.
Pl. is sometimes used a written abbreviation for please .
The spelling pl. is also used

placard

[D.J.:ˈplækˌɑ:d, -əd]

[K.K.:ˈplækˌɑrd, -əd]

n.

招贴,布告,广告

vt.

张贴布告于,在…上贴广告

placard *

placard placards
A placard is a large notice that is carried in a march or displayed in a public place.

- The protesters sang songs and waved placards.

N-COUNT

placard

noun

notice

advertisement

bill

poster

placate

[D.J.:ˈpleɪˌkeɪt, ˈplækˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpleˌket, ˈplækˌet]

vt.

安抚,抚慰,使平静

placate *

placate placates placating placated
If you placate someone, you do or say something to make them stop feeling angry. (FORMAL)

- He smiled, and made a gesture intended to placate me.

- `I didn't mean to upset you,' Agnew said in a placating voice.

VB
= appease pacify

placate

verb

calm

appease

assuage

conciliate

humour

mollify

pacify

propitiate

soothe

placatory

[D.J.:ˈpleɪkɵtərɪ]

[K.K.:ˈplekɵtərɪ]

adj.

安抚的，抚慰的

placatory

placatory
A placatory remark or action is intended to make someone stop feeling angry. (FORMAL)

- When next he spoke he was more placatory.

- He raised a placatory hand. `All right, we'll see what we can do.'

ADJ-GRADED
= appeasing

place

[D.J.:pleis]

[K.K.:ples]

n.

地方, 场所, 所在地

城, 村, 镇

建筑物, 场所

某点; 某处; 某段落

座位, 位置

等级, 地位, 身份

职位, 职务; 学习的机会

自然或恰当的位置[地方]

位

vt.

放置, 安排

使…处于某处境[环境]

定名次

辨认

评价, 分类

发订单; 打赌

placing

[ˈpleisiŋ]

n.

配售

place *****

1. place places
A place is any point, building, area, town, or country.

- ...Temple Mount, the place where the Temple actually stood.

- ...a list of museums and places of interest...

- We're going to a place called Mont-St-Jean.

- ...the opportunity to visit new places...

- The best place to catch fish on a canal is close to a lock.

- The pain is always in the same place.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. place
You can use the place to refer to the point, building, area, town, or country that you have already mentioned.

- Except for the remarkably tidy kitchen, the place was a mess.

- For a ruin it was in good condition, as though the place was still being used.

N-SING: the N

3. place places
You can refer to somewhere that provides a service, such as a hotel, restaurant, or institution, as a particular kind of place .

- He found a bed-and-breakfast place.

- My wife and I discovered some superb places to eat.

- My hospital is one of many places that benefited from the support of Queen Alexandra.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= establishment

4. place
When something takes place , it happens, especially in a controlled or organized way.

- The discussion took place in a famous villa on the lake's shore.

- She wanted Hugh's wedding to take place quickly.

- Elections will now take place on November the twenty-fifth.

PHR: V inflects

5. place
Place can be used after `any', `no', `some', or `every' to mean `anywhere', `nowhere', `somewhere', or `everywhere'. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- The poor guy obviously didn't have any place to go for Easter.

- Why not go out and see if there's some place we can dance?

N-SING: det N

6. place
If you go places , you visit pleasant or interesting places. (mainly AM)

- I don't have money to go places.

- People were talking to him, listening to him, taking him places.

ADV: ADV after v

7. place places
You can refer to the position where something belongs, or where it is supposed to be, as its place .

- He returned the album to its place on the shelf.

- He returned to his place on the sofa.

N-COUNT: poss N

8. place places
A place is a seat or position that is available for someone to occupy.

- He walked back to the table and sat at the nearest of two empty places.

- I found a place to park beside a station wagon.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

9. place places
Someone's or something's place in a society, system, or situation is their position in relation to other people or things.

- They want to see more women take their place higher up the corporate or professional ladder.

- It would be foolish to exclude Christianity from the curriculum, in view of its important place in our national culture.

N-COUNT: with poss

10. place places
Your place in a race or competition is your position in relation to the other competitors. If you are in first place, you are ahead of all the other competitors.

- Jane's goals helped Britain win third place in the Barcelona games.

- He has risen second place in the opinion polls.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu ord N

11. place places
If you get a place in a team, on a committee, or on a course of study, for example, you are accepted as a member of the team or committee or as a student on the course.

- He has found a place in the first team.

- All the candidates won places on the ruling council.

- I eventually got a place at York University.

- They should be in residential care but there are no places available.

- To book your place fill in the coupon on page 187 and return it by 1st October.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

12. place
A good place to do something in a situation or activity is a good time or stage at which to do it.

- It seemed an appropriate place to end somehow.

- This is not the place for a lengthy discussion.

N-SING: with supp, oft N to-inf, N for n/-ing
= time

13. place places
Your place is the house or flat where you live. (INFORMAL)

- Let's all go back to my place!.

- He kept encouraging Rosie to find a place of her own.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu poss N

14. place places
Your place in a book or speech is the point you have reached in reading the book or making the speech.

- ...her finger marking her place in the book...

- He lost his place in his notes.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu poss N

15. place places
If you say how many decimal places there are in a number, you are saying how many numbers there are to the right of the decimal point.

- A pocket calculator only works to eight decimal places.

N-COUNT: usu num N

16. place places placing placed
If you place something somewhere, you put it in a particular position, especially in a careful, firm, or deliberate way.

- Brand folded it in his handkerchief and placed it in the inside pocket of his jacket.

- Chairs were hastily placed in rows for the parents.

VB
= put

17. place places placing placed
To place a person or thing in a particular state means to cause them to be in it.

- Widespread protests have placed the President under serious pressure.

- The crisis could well place the relationship at risk.

- The remaining 30 percent of each army will be placed under UN control.

VB
= put

18. place places placing placed
You can use place instead of `put' or `lay' in certain expressions where the meaning is carried by the following noun. For example, if you place emphasis on something, you emphasize it, and if you place the blame on someone, you blame them.

- We should teach the young by placing responsibility on them and by trusting them in real endeavors.

- He placed great emphasis on the importance of family life and ties.

- She seemed to be placing most of the blame on her mother.

- His government is placing its faith in international diplomacy.

VB
= put

19. place places placing placed
If you place someone or something in a particular class or group, you label or judge them in that way.

- The authorities have placed the drug in Class A, the same category as heroin and cocaine.

- Dr. Boris Sidis was a Russian-born psychiatrist who enjoyed considerable prestige; some placed him on a par with Pierre Janet and Morton Prince.

VB
= put rank

20. place places placing placed
If a competitor is placed first, second, or last, for example, that is their position at the end of a race or competition. In American English, be placed often means `finish in second position'.

- I had been placed 2nd and 3rd a few times but had never won.

- Second-placed Auxerre suffered a surprising 2-0 home defeat to Nantes.

VB: usu passive

21. place places placing placed
If you place an order for a product or for a meal, you ask for it to be sent or brought to you.

- It is a good idea to place your order well in advance as delivery can often take months rather than weeks.

- Before placing your order for a meal, study the menu.

VB

22. place places placing placed
If you place an advertisement in a newspaper, you arrange for the advertisement to appear in the newspaper.

- They placed an advertisement in the local paper for a secretary.

VB
= put

23. place places placing placed
If you place a telephone call to a particular place, you give the telephone operator the number of the person you want to speak to and ask them to connect you.

- I'd like to place an overseas call.

VB

24. place places placing placed
If you place a bet , you bet money on something.

- For this race, though, he had already placed a bet on one of the horses.

VB

25. place places placing placed
If an agency or organization places someone, it finds them a job or somewhere to live.

- In 1861, they managed to place fourteen women in paid positions in the colonies.

- In cases where it proves very difficult to place a child, the reception centre might end by providing relatively long-term care.

VB

26. place places placing placed
If you say that you cannot place someone, you mean that you recognize them but cannot remember exactly who they are or where you have met them before.

- Something about the man was familiar, although Hillsden could not immediately place him.

- It was a voice he recognized, though he could not immediately place it.

VB

27. place
If something is happening all over the place , it is happening in many different places.

- Businesses are closing down all over the place.

- There are picket lines all over the place.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

28. place
If things are all over the place , they are spread over a very large area, usually in a disorganized way.

- Our fingerprints are probably all over the place.

- There was ammunition lying all over the place.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

29. place
If you say that someone is all over the place , you mean that they are confused or disorganized, and unable to think clearly or act properly. (mainly BRIT)

- He was careful and diligent. I was all over the place.

PHR: v-link PHR

30. place
If you change places with another person, you start being in their situation or role, and they start being in yours.

- When he has tried to identify all the items, you can change places, and he can test you.

- With his door key in his hand, knowing Millie and the kids awaited him, he wouldn't change places with anyone.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, pl-n PHR, PHR with n
= swap

31. place
If you have been trying to understand something puzzling and then everything falls into place or clicks into place , you suddenly understand how different pieces of information are connected and everything becomes clearer.

- When the reasons behind the decision were explained, of course, it all fell into place.

- But it wasn't until I saw the photograph in the paper that everything clicked into place.

PHR: V inflects

32. place
If things fall into place , events happen naturally to produce a situation you want.

- Once the decision was made, things fell into place rapidly.

- Keep your options open and everything will fall into place.

PHR: V inflects

33. place
If you say that someone is going places , you mean that they are showing a lot of talent or ability and are likely to become very successful.

- You always knew Barbara was going places, she was different.

PHR: V inflects, oft cont

34. place
People in high places are people who have powerful and influential positions in a government, society, or organization.

- He had friends in high places.

- The discontent has been fuelled by allegations of corruption in high places.

PHR: usu n PHR

35. place
If something is in place , it is in its correct or usual position. If it is out of place , it is not in its correct or usual position.

- Geoff hastily pushed the drawer back into place.

- Not a strand of her golden hair was out of place.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

36. place
If something such as a law, a policy, or an administrative structure is in place , it is working or able to be used.

- Similar legislation is already in place in Wales.

- They're offended by the elaborate security measures the police have put in place.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

37. place
If one thing or person is used or does something in place of another, they replace the other thing or person.

- Cooked kidney beans can be used in place of French beans.

- Laurence Waters visited us in place of John Trethewy who was unfortunately ill.

- They're nice pictures and we've nothing to put in their place.

PHR

38. place
If something has particular characteristics or features in places , it has them at several points within an area.

- Even now the snow along the roadside was five or six feet deep in places.

- His face was scarred and oddly puffy in places.

PHR: PHR with cl/group

39. place
If you say what you would have done in someone else's place , you say what you would have done if you had been in their situation and had been experiencing what they were experiencing.

- In her place I wouldn't have been able to resist it.

- What would you have done in my place, my dear?

PHR

40. place
You say in the first place when you are talking about the beginning of a situation or about the situation as it was before a series of events.

- What brought you to Washington in the first place?.

- The emphasis is swinging away from simply finding cures for illness to ways of preventing illness in the first place.

- I don't think we should have been there in the first place.

PHR: PHR after v

41. place
You say in the first place and in the second place to introduce the first and second in a series of points or reasons. In the first place can also be used to emphasize a very important point or reason.

- In the first place you are not old, Norman. And in the second place, you are a very strong and appealing man.

- She could not have taken these massive doses orally. In the first place, she did not have enough pills.

PHR: PHR with cl
= firstly

42. place
If you say that it is not your place to do something, you mean that it is not right or appropriate for you to do it, or that it is not your responsibility to do it.

- He says that it is not his place to comment on government commitment to further funds.

- It's not my place to do their job.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to-inf

43. place
If someone or something seems out of place in a particular situation, they do not seem to belong there or to be suitable for that situation.

- I felt out of place in my suit and tie.

- Her use of the word hate sounded strange and out of place.

- ...a noble building that would not have been out of place along the Grand Canal in Venice.

PHR: v-link PHR

44. place
If you say that someone has found their place in the sun , you mean that they are in a job or a situation where they will be happy and have everything that they want.
PHR: usu poss PHR

45. place
If you place one thing above , before , or over another , you think that the first thing is more important than the second and you show this in your behaviour.

- Many provincial governments have taken advantage of this to place local interests above those of the central government.

- He continued to place security above all other objectives.

PHR
= put

46. place
If you put someone in their place , you show them that they are less important or clever than they think they are.

- In a few words she had not only put him in his place but delivered a precise and damning assessment of his movie.

PHR: V inflects
= humble

47. place
If you say that someone should be shown their place or be kept in their place , you are saying that they should be made aware of their low status, often in a humorous way.

- ...an uppity publican who needs to be shown his place.

- ...discrimination intended to keep women soldiers in their place.

PHR

48. place
If one thing takes second place to another, it is considered to be less important and is given less attention than the other thing.

- My personal life has had to take second place to my career.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR to n

49. place
If one thing or person takes the place of another or takes another's place , they replace the other thing or person.

- Optimism was gradually taking the place of pessimism.

- He eventually took Charlie's place in a popular Latin band.

PHR: V inflects
= replace

place

noun

1.

spot

area

location

point

position

site

venue

whereabouts

2.

region

district

locale

locality

neighbourhood

quarter

vicinity

3.

position

grade

rank

station

status

4.

space

accommodation

room

5.

home

abode

domicile

dwelling

house

pad slang

property

residence

6.

duty

affair

charge

concern

function

prerogative

responsibility

right

role

7.

job

appointment

employment

position

post

take place

8.

happen

come about

go on

occur

transpire informal

verb

9.

put

deposit

install

lay

locate

position

rest

set

situate

stand

station

stick informal

10.

classify

arrange

class

grade

group

order

rank

sort

11.

identify

know

put one's finger on

recognize

remember

12.

assign

allocate

appoint

charge

entrust

give

Place **

Place
Place is used as part of the name of a square or short street in a town.

- ...15 Portland Place, London W1A 4DD.

N-IN-NAMES

placebo

[D.J.:pləˈsi:bəʊ]

[K.K.:pləˈsibo]

n.

安慰剂

安慰物, 宽心话

placebo *

placebo placebos
A placebo is a substance with no effects that a doctor gives to a patient instead of a drug. Placebos are used when testing new drugs or sometimes when a patient has imagined their illness.
N-COUNT

placebo effect

placebo effect placebo effects
The placebo effect is the fact that some patients' health improves after taking what they believe is an effective drug but which is in fact only a placebo.

- The placebo effect can be understood only if we acknowledge the unity of mind and body.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

place card

place card place cards
A place card is a small card with a person's name on it which is put on a table at a formal meal to indicate where that person is to sit.
N-COUNT

-placed

1. -placed
-placed combines with adverbs to form adjectives which describe how well or badly someone is able to do a particular task.

- A member of the Royal Commission on Criminal Justice, Miss Rafferty is well-placed to comment.

- I imagine he thought you were better-placed than most to know the truth.

- Fund managers are poorly placed to monitor firms.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

2. -placed
-placed combines with adverbs to form adjectives which indicate how good or bad the position of a building or area is considered to be.

- The hotel is wonderfully placed only a minute's walk from the city centre.

- Chicago is perfectly-placed for exploring the US by rail.

- In the absence of any well-placed pub, this was the perfect spot to flop down for a packed lunch.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

placeman

[D.J.:ˈpleismən]

[K.K.:ˈplesmən]

n.

〈英〉〈贬〉禄虫(指为个人私利而任命的官吏)

placeman

placeman placemen
If you refer to a public official as a placeman , you disapprove of the fact that they use their position for their own personal benefit or to provide political support for those who appointed them. (BRIT)

- ...the party's programme to purify the Commons by the removal of placemen.

N-COUNT: usu pl disapproval

place mat

place mat place mats
Place mats are mats that are put on a table before a meal for people to put their plates or bowls on.
N-COUNT also placemat .

placement

[D.J.:ˈpleɪsmənt]

[K.K.:ˈplesmənt]

n.

安置,就业安排

placement *

1. placement
The placement of something or someone is the act of putting them in a particular place or position.

- The treatment involves the placement of twenty-two electrodes in the inner ear.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, usu the N of n

2. placement placements
If someone who is training gets a placement , they get a job for a period of time which is intended to give them experience in the work they are training for.

- He spent a year studying Japanese in Tokyo, followed by a six-month work placement with the Japanese government.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

3. placement
The placement of someone in a job, home, or school is the act or process of finding them a job, home, or school.

- The children were waiting for placement in a foster care home.

- A job placement program exists to help those who are unemployed.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

4. placement placements
You can refer to a home that is found for someone who is unable to look after themselves, for example a child, as a placement .

- This home seemed like a good placement for Sarah.

N-COUNT

placenta

[D.J.:pləˈsentə]

[K.K.:pləˈsɛntə]

n.

胎盘,胎座

placenta

placenta placentas
The placenta is the mass of veins and tissue inside the womb of a pregnant woman or animal, which the unborn baby is attached to.

- The drug can be transferred from the mother to the baby in the womb via the placenta.

N-COUNT: usu the N

place setting

1. place setting place settings
A place setting is an arrangement of knives, forks, spoons, and glasses that has been laid out on a table for the use of one person at a meal.

- He saw the note on the kitchen table, next to one of the two place settings.

N-COUNT

2. place setting place settings
A place setting of china or of knives, forks, and spoons is a complete set of all the things that one person might use at a meal.

- A seven-piece place setting costs about £45.

N-COUNT

placid

[D.J.:ˈplæsɪd]

[K.K.:ˈplæsɪd]

adj.

温和的

placidly

adv.

平稳地,平静地

placid *

1. placid
A placid person or animal is calm and does not easily become excited, angry, or upset.

- She was a placid child who rarely cried.

- Marcus remained placid in the face of her outburst.

ADJ-GRADED
= calm

2. placidly

- `No matter, we will pay the difference,' Helena said placidly.

- The cow in the nearby field was still chewing placidly on its cud.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= calmly

3. placid
A placid place, area of water, or life is calm and peaceful.

- ...the placid waters of Lake Erie...

- He had been leading a placid life for the past eight years.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= tranquil

placid

adjective

calm

collected

composed

equable

even-tempered

imperturbable

serene

tranquil

unexcitable

unruffled

untroubled

placings *

placings
The placings in a competition are the relative positions of the competitors at the end or at a particular stage of the competition.

- The placings remained unaltered.

- Northampton were third in the League placings.

N-PLURAL: usu the N, oft supp N

plagiarism

[D.J.:ˈpleɪdʒəˌrɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈpledʒəˌrɪzəm]

n.

剽窃,抄袭

剽窃物,抄袭物

plagiarist

n.

plagiaristic

adj.

plagiarist

[ˈpleidʒiərist]

n.

剽窃者,文抄公

plagiarism

1. plagiarism
Plagiarism is the practice of using or copying someone else's idea or work and pretending that you thought of it or created it.

- Now he's in real trouble. He's accused of plagiarism.

N-UNCOUNT

2. plagiarist plagiarists

- Colleagues call Oates an unlikely plagiarist.

N-COUNT

3. plagiarism plagiarisms
A plagiarism is an idea or a piece of writing or music that has been secretly copied from someone else's work.

- Most famous political quotes are plagiarisms and this was no exception.

N-COUNT

plagiarism

noun

copying

borrowing

cribbing informal

infringement

piracy

theft

plagiarize

[D.J.:ˈpleɪdʒəˌraɪz]

[K.K.:ˈpledʒəˌraɪz]

vt.

剽窃,抄袭

plagiarizer

n.

plagiarize

plagiarize plagiarizes plagiarizing plagiarized
If someone plagiarizes another person's idea or work, they use it or copy it and pretend that they thought of it or created it.

- He has pointed out that moderates are plagiarizing his ideas in hopes of wooing voters.

- The poem employs as its first lines a verse plagiarized from a billboard.

VB (BRIT) also plagiarise

plagiarize

verb

copy

borrow

crib informal

lift informal

pirate

steal

plague

[D.J.:pleiɡ]

[K.K.:pleɡ]

n.

瘟疫

vt.

使染瘟疫

plague **

1. plague plagues
A plague is a very infectious disease that spreads quickly and kills large numbers of people.

- A cholera plague had been killing many prisoners of war at the time.

N-COUNT: oft supp N
= epidemic

2. plague
Plague or the plague is a very infectious disease which usually results in death. The patient has a severe fever and swellings on his or her body.

- ...a fresh outbreak of plague.

- ...illnesses such as smallpox, typhus and the plague.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N

3. plague plagues
A plague of unpleasant things is a large number of them that arrive or happen at the same time.

- The city is under threat from a plague of rats.

- Last year there was a plague of robbery and housebreaking.

N-COUNT: N of n
= epidemic

4. plague plagues
If you describe something as a plague , you mean that it causes a great deal of trouble or harm.

- Inflation will remain a recurrent plague.

- Tim seems to have escaped the cynicism which is the absolute plague of our generation.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= curse

5. plague plagues plaguing plagued
If you are plagued by unpleasant things, they continually cause you a lot of trouble or suffering.

- She was plagued by weakness, fatigue, and dizziness.

- Fears about job security plague nearly half the workforce.

VB

6. plague plagues plaguing plagued
If someone plagues you, they keep bothering you or asking you for something.

- I'm not going to plague you with a lot more questions, Miss Culver.

- Tommy Cook had been plaguing Pinner for months.

VB
= pester

7. plague
If you say that you avoid someone or something like the plague , you are emphasizing that you deliberately avoid them completely.

- I would avoid him like the plague when his wife and my parents were around.

- I normally avoid cheap wine like the plague.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

8. plague
You say a plague on a particular person or thing when you are very irritated by them and do not want to bother with them any more. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- A plague on you and your damned percentages!

PHR: PHR n feelings

plague

noun

1.

disease

epidemic

infection

pestilence

2.

affliction

bane

blight

curse

evil

scourge

torment

verb

3.

pester

annoy

badger

bother

harass

harry

hassle informal

tease

torment

torture

trouble

vex

plaice

[D.J.:pleɪs]

[K.K.:ples]

n.

鲽(一种可食用的海鱼)

plaice *

1. plaice
Plaice are a type of flat sea fish.
N-VAR plaice is both the singular and the plural form

2. plaice
Plaice is this fish eaten as food.

- ...a fillet of plaice with saut´ed rice and vegetables.

N-UNCOUNT plaice is both the singular and the plural form

plaid

[D.J.:plæd]

[K.K.:plæd]

n.

彩格呢

plaid *

1. plaid plaids
Plaid is material with a check design on it. Plaid is also the design itself.

- Eddie wore blue jeans and a plaid shirt.

N-MASS: oft N n

2. plaid plaids
A plaid is a long piece of tartan material that is worn over the shoulder as part of the Scottish Highland traditional dress.
N-COUNT

plain

[D.J.:plein]

[K.K.:plen]

n.

平原

adj.

清晰的; 明白的

朴素的; 简单的; 平常的

坦白的, 坦率的, 真诚的

完全的; 十足的; 彻底的

plainer

[ˈpleinə]

n.

〈方〉抱怨者

plainly

[D.J.:ˈpleɪnlɪ]

adv.

简单地,清楚地,直率地

很清楚,显然

plain ***

1. plain
A plain object, surface, or fabric is entirely in one colour and has no pattern, design, or writing on it.

- In general, a plain carpet makes a room look bigger.

- He placed the paper in a plain envelope.

- He wore a plain blue shirt, open at the collar.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. plain plainer plainest
Something that is plain is very simple in style.

- Bronwen's dress was plain but it hung well on her.

- It was a plain, grey stone house, distinguished mainly by its largely unspoilt simplicity.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ fancy elaborate

3. plainly

- He was very tall and plainly dressed.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed

4. plain plainer plainest
If a fact, situation, or statement is plain , it is easy to recognize or understand.

- It was plain to him that I was having a nervous breakdown.

- He's made it plain that he loves the game and wants to be involved still.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ that
= clear

See also plain-spoken .

5. plain plainer plainest
If you describe someone as plain , you think they look ordinary and not at all beautiful.

- ...a shy, rather plain girl with a pale complexion.

ADJ-GRADED

6. plain plains
A plain is a large flat area of land with very few trees on it.

- Once there were 70 million buffalo on the plains.

N-COUNT

7. plain
You can use plain before an adjective in order to emphasize it.

- The food was just plain terrible.

ADV: ADV adj emphasis

8. plain
Also used before a noun.

- Is it love of publicity or plain stupidity on her part?

ADJ: ADJ n

9. plain
You can use plain before a name to emphasize how simple and ordinary it is, especially when you are comparing it with another more unusual or impressive name.

- Why couldn't they call you plain Ann or Alice like the rest?

ADJ: ADJ n-proper emphasis

10. plain
If a police officer is in plain clothes , he or she is wearing ordinary clothes instead of a police uniform.

- Three officers in plain clothes told me to get out of the car.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v
≠ in uniform

plain sailing : see sailing .

plainly *

1. plainly
You use plainly to indicate that you believe something is obviously true, often when you are trying to convince someone else that it is true.

- The judge's conclusion was plainly wrong.

- Plainly, a more objective method of description must be adopted.

- The administration plainly has some serious charges to answer.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl, not last in cl emphasis
= undoubtedly

2. plainly
You use plainly to indicate that something is easily seen, noticed, or recognized.

- He was plainly annoyed.

- I could plainly see him turning his head to the right and left.

- Loch plainly felt guilty about it.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj
= clearly

3. plainly
If you say something plainly , you say it in a direct and honest way, without trying to hide the facts.

- `You're a coward,' Mark said very plainly and soberly.

- Few of our political leaders are willing to talk plainly and honestly about the emergency facing the country.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
See also plain .

plain

adjective

1.

clear

comprehensible

distinct

evident

manifest

obvious

overt

patent

unambiguous

understandable

unmistakable

visible

2.

honest

blunt

candid

direct

downright

forthright

frank

open

outspoken

straightforward

upfront informal

3.

unadorned

austere

bare

basic

severe

simple

Spartan

stark

unembellished

unfussy

unornamented

4.

ugly

ill-favoured

no oil painting informal

not beautiful

unattractive

unlovely

unprepossessing

5.

ordinary

common

commonplace

everyday

simple

unaffected

unpretentious

noun

6.

flatland

grassland

plateau

prairie

steppe

veld

plain chocolate

plain chocolate
Plain chocolate is dark brown chocolate that has a stronger and less sweet taste than milk chocolate. (BRIT; in AM use dark chocolate )
N-UNCOUNT

plain-clothes

adj.

(警察)穿便衣的

plain-clothes

plain-clothes
Plain-clothes police officers wear ordinary clothes instead of a police uniform.

- He was arrested by plain-clothes detectives as he walked through the customs hall.

ADJ: ADJ n also plainclothes .
≠ uniformed

in plain clothes : see plain .

plain flour

plain flour
Plain flour is flour that does not make cakes and biscuits rise when they are cooked because it has no chemicals added to it. (BRIT; in AM use all-purpose flour )
N-UNCOUNT

plain-spoken

adj.

坦率的,说话直截了当的

plain-spoken

plain-spoken
If you say that someone is plain-spoken , you mean that they say exactly what they think, even when they know that what they say may not please other people.

- ...a plain-spoken American full of scorn for pomp and pretense.

ADJ-GRADED also plainspoken . approval
= candid frank

plain-spoken

adjective

blunt

candid

direct

downright

forthright

frank

outspoken

plaint

[D.J.:pleint]

[K.K.:plent]

n.

〈诗〉悲叹,感叹,抱怨,诉苦

plaint

plaint plaints
A plaint is a complaint or a sad cry. (LITERARY)

- Somewhere a dog was howling, a forlorn, haunting plaint that echoed eerily upon the sea-misted air.

N-COUNT

plaintiff

[D.J.:ˈpleɪntɪf]

[K.K.:ˈplentɪf]

n.

<律>原告

plaintiff *

plaintiff plaintiffs
A plaintiff is a person who brings a legal case against someone in a court of law.
N-COUNT

plaintive

[D.J.:ˈpleɪntɪv]

[K.K.:ˈplentɪv]

adj.

表示悲痛的,哭诉的

表示哀怨的,忧郁的

plaintively

[D.J.:ˈpleɪntɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈplentɪvlɪ]

adv.

悲哀地,哀怨地

plaintive *

1. plaintive
A plaintive sound or voice sounds sad. (LITERARY)

- They lay on the firm sands, listening to the plaintive cry of the seagulls.

- Her voice was small and plaintive.

ADJ-GRADED
= mournful

2. plaintively

- `Why don't we do something?' Davis asked plaintively.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

plaintive

adjective

sorrowful

heart-rending

mournful

pathetic

piteous

pitiful

sad

plait

[D.J.:pleɪt, plæt]

[K.K.:plet, plæt]

vt.

把…编成辫绳

n.

发辫,辫子

plaited

褶叠的;编成的

plaiting

折布,码布

plait *

1. plait plaits plaiting plaited
If you plait three or more lengths of hair, rope, or other material together, you twist them over and under each other to make one thick length. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use braid )

- Joanna parted her hair, and then began to plait it into two thick braids.

- ...a plaited leather belt.

VB
= braid

2. plait plaits
A plait is a length of hair that has been plaited (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use braid )
N-COUNT
= braid

plan

[D.J.:plæn]

[K.K.:plæn]

n.

计划, 打算, 方案

平面图, 示意图

vt. & vi.

计划, 打算, 设计

plan,schedule

进程表

planned

[plænd]

adj.

计划了的,根据计划的

planning

[D.J.:ˈplænɪŋ]

n.

(做某事物的)计划

planning,shaping

刨削

plan *****

1. plan plans
A plan is a method of achieving something that you have worked out in detail beforehand.

- The three leaders had worked out a peace plan.

- The project is part of a United Nations plan for refugees.

- ...a detailed plan of action for restructuring the group...

- He maintains that everything is going according to plan.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, also according to N
= strategy

2. plan plans planning planned
If you plan what you are going to do, you decide in detail what you are going to do, and you intend to do it.

- If you plan what you're going to eat, you reduce your chances of overeating.

- He planned to leave Baghdad on Monday.

- It would be difficult for schools to plan for the future.

- I had been planning a trip to the West Coast.

- A planned demonstration in the capital later today has been called off by its organisers.

VB

3. plan plans
If you have plans , you are intending to do a particular thing.

- `I'm sorry,' she said. `I have plans for tonight.'.

- The Bonn government is making plans to evacuate more than two hundred of its citizens from the troubled area.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp, oft N for n/-ing, N to-inf
= arrangements

4. plan plans planning planned
When you plan something that you are going to make, build, or create, you decide what the main parts of it will be and do a drawing of how it should be made.

- It is no use trying to plan an 18-hole golf course on a 120-acre site if you have to ruin the environment to do it.

VB
= design think out

5. plan plans
A plan of something that is going to be built or made is a detailed diagram or drawing of it.

- ...when you have drawn a plan of the garden.

N-COUNT: oft N of/for n

planning ***

1. planning
Planning is the process of deciding in detail how to do something before you actually start to do it.

- The trip needs careful planning.

- The new system is still in the planning stages.

N-UNCOUNT
See also family planning .

2. planning
Planning is control by the local government of the way that land is used in an area and of what new buildings are built there.

- ...a masterpiece of 18th-century town planning...

- He supported the planning authority in refusing the application because of pressures on the Green Belt.

N-UNCOUNT

plan

noun

1.

scheme

design

method

plot

programme

proposal

strategy

suggestion

system

2.

diagram

blueprint

chart

drawing

layout

map

representation

sketch

verb

3.

devise

arrange

contrive

design

draft

formulate

organize

outline

plot

scheme

think out

4.

intend

aim

mean

propose

purpose

plan on *****

plan on plans on; planning on; planned on
If you plan on doing something, you intend to do it.

- They were planning on getting married.

- They are planning on a trip to Guyana next month.

PHR-V

plan out *****

plan out plans out; planning out; planned out
If you plan out the future, you decide in detail what you are going to do.

- I have started planning out what I shall be doing next week.

PHR-V

plane

[D.J.:plein]

[K.K.:plen]

n.

飞机

水平, 程度; 标准

平面

planes

n.

位面

planing

整平;刨;刨削

plane ****

1. plane planes
A plane is a vehicle with wings and one or more engines, which can fly through the air.

- He had plenty of time to catch his plane.

- Her mother was killed in a plane crash.

- ...fighter planes.

N-COUNT
= aeroplane airplane

2. plane planes
A plane is a flat, level surface which may be sloping at a particular angle.

- ...a building with angled planes.

N-COUNT

3. plane
If a number of points are in the same plane , one line or one flat surface could pass through them all.

- All the planets orbit the Sun in roughly the same plane, round its equator.

N-SING

4. plane planes
If you say that something is on a higher plane , you mean that it is more spiritual or less concerned with ordinary things. (LITERARY)

- ...life on a higher plane of existence...

- We felt we were living life on several different planes.

N-COUNT: adj N
= level

5. plane planes
A plane is a tool that has a flat bottom with a sharp blade in it. You move the plane over a piece of wood in order to remove thin pieces of its surface.
N-COUNT

6. plane planes planing planed
If you plane a piece of wood, you make it smaller or smoother by using a plane.

- She watches him plane the surface of a walnut board.

- Again I planed the surface flush.

VB

7. plane down planes down; planing down; planed down
Plane down means the same as plane .

- The piece was reduced in size by planing down the four corners.

PHR-V

8. plane planes planing planed
If something such as a boat planes across water, it moves quickly across the water, just touching the surface.

- All four of the boats planed across the Solent with the greatest of ease.

VB
= skim

9. plane planes
A plane or a plane tree is a large tree with broad leaves which often grows in towns.
N-COUNT

plane

noun

1.

aeroplane

aircraft

jet

2.

flat surface

level surface

3.

level

condition

degree

position

adjective

4.

level

even

flat

horizontal

regular

smooth

verb

5.

skim

glide

sail

skate

planeload

[D.J.:ˈpleinləud]

[K.K.:ˈplenˌlod]

n.

飞机负载量

planeload

planeload planeloads
A planeload of people or goods is as many people or goods as a plane can carry.

- The British Red Cross has sent four planeloads of relief supplies to the stricken areas.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

planet

[D.J.:ˈplænit]

[K.K.:ˈplænɪt]

n.

行星

planet ***

planet planets
A planet is a large, round object in space that moves around a star. The Earth is a planet.

- The picture shows six of the nine planets in the solar system.

N-COUNT

planetarium

[D.J.:ˌplænɪˈteəri:əm]

[K.K.:ˌplænɪˈtɛriəm]

n.

天文馆

天象仪

planetarium

planetarium planetariums
A planetarium is a building where lights are shone on the ceiling to represent the planets and the stars and to show how they appear to move.
N-COUNT

planetary

[D.J.:ˈplænɪˌteri:]

[K.K.:ˈplænɪˌtɛri]

adj.

(似)行星的

planetary *

planetary
Planetary means relating to or belonging to planets.

- Within our own galaxy there are probably tens of thousands of planetary systems.

ADJ: ADJ n

plangent

[D.J.:ˈplændʒənt]

[K.K.:ˈplændʒənt]

adj.

<正>(声音)洪亮的;轰鸣的

<文>(声音或图像)哀婉的;凄凉的

plangent

plangent
A plangent sound is a deep, loud sound, which may be sad. (LITERARY)

- ...plangent violins supported by soft chords on viols.

ADJ-GRADED

plank

[D.J.:plæŋk]

[K.K.:plæŋk]

n.

(厚)木板

政纲条目, 政策要点

plank *

1. plank planks
A plank is a long, flat, rectangular piece of wood.

- It was very strong, made of three solid planks of wood.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= board

2. plank planks
The main plank of a particular group or political party is the main principle on which it bases its policy, or its main aim. (JOURNALISM)

- The Saudi authorities have made agricultural development a central plank of policy to make the country less dependent on imports.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n

planking

[D.J.:ˈplæŋkiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈplæŋkɪŋ]

v.

加衬

planking

planking
Planking is wood that has been cut into long flat pieces. It is used especially to make floors.
N-UNCOUNT

plankton

[D.J.:ˈplæŋktən]

[K.K.:ˈplæŋktən]

n.

浮游生物

plankton

plankton
Plankton is a mass of tiny animals and plants that live in the surface layer of the sea.

- ...its usual diet of plankton and other small organisms.

N-UNCOUNT

planner

[D.J.:ˈplænə]

n.

规划者,策划人

planner **

planner planners
Planners are people whose job is to make decisions about what is going to be done in the future. For example, town planners decide how land should be used and what new buildings should be built.

- ...a panel that includes city planners, art experts and historians.

- ...a national meeting of economic planners.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

planning permission *

planning permission planning permissions
In Britain, planning permission is official permission that you must get from the local authority before building something new or adding something to an existing building.
N-COUNT

plant

[D.J.:plɑ:nt]

[K.K.:plænt]

n.

植物

工厂

重型机械, 机械设备

vt.

种植, 栽种

放置; 安插

planting

[ˈplɑ:ntiŋ]

n.

种植,栽培,装备

plant *****

1. plant plants
A plant is a living thing that grows in the earth and has a stem, leaves, and roots.

- Water each plant as often as required.

- ...exotic plants.

N-COUNT
See also bedding plant , pot plant , rubber plant .

2. plant plants planting planted
When you plant a seed, plant, or young tree, you put it into the ground so that it will grow there.

- He says he plans to plant fruit trees and vegetables.

VB

3. planting

- Extensive flooding in the country has delayed planting and many crops are still under water.

N-UNCOUNT

4. plant plants planting planted
When someone plants land with a particular type of plant or crop, they put plants, seeds, or young trees into the land to grow them there.

- They plan to plant the area with grass and trees.

- Recently much of their energy has gone into planting a large vegetable garden.

- ...newly planted fields.

VB

5. plant plants
A plant is a factory or a place where power is produced.

- ...Ford's British car assembly plants...

- The plant provides forty per cent of the country's electricity.

N-COUNT

6. plant
Plant is large machinery that is used in industrial processes.

- Firms may start to invest in plant and equipment abroad where costs may be lower.

N-UNCOUNT
= machinery

7. plant plants planting planted
If you plant something somewhere, you put it there firmly.

- She planted her feet wide and bent her knees slightly.

- ...with his enormous feet planted heavily apart.

VB

8. plant plants planting planted
To plant something such as a bomb means to hide it somewhere so that it explodes or works there.

- So far no one has admitted planting the bomb.

VB

9. plant plants planting planted
If something such as a weapon or drugs is planted on someone, it is put among their possessions or in their house so that they will be wrongly accused of a crime.

- He always protested his innocence and claimed that the drugs had been planted to incriminate him.

VB: oft passive

10. plant plants planting planted
If an organization plants someone somewhere, they send that person there so that they can get information or watch someone secretly.

- Journalists informed police who planted an undercover detective to trap Smith.

VB

11. plant plants planting planted
If you plant a kiss on someone, you give them a kiss.

- She planted a kiss on each of his leathery cheeks.

VB

12. plant plants planting planted
If you plant an idea in someone's mind, they begin to accept the idea without realizing that it has originally come from you and not from them.

- He hoped that he could plant the idea in such a way that Abramov would believe it was his own.

VB

plant

noun

1.

vegetable

bush

flower

herb

shrub

weed

2.

factory

foundry

mill

shop

works

yard

3.

machinery

apparatus

equipment

gear

verb

4.

sow

put in the ground

scatter

seed

transplant

5.

place

establish

fix

found

insert

put

set

plant out *****

plant out plants out; planting out; planted out
When you plant out young plants, you plant them in the ground in the place where they are to be left to grow.

- Plant out the spring cabbage whenever opportunities arise.

PHR-V

plantain

[D.J.:ˈplæntin]

[K.K.:ˈplæntən]

n.

车前草;香蕉之一种

plantain

1. plantain plantains
A plantain is a type of green banana which can be cooked and eaten as a vegetable.

- ...fried plantain.

N-VAR

2. plantain plantains
A plantain is a wild plant with broad leaves and a head of tiny green flowers on a long stem.
N-VAR

plantation

[D.J.:plænˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:plænˈteʃən]

n.

种植园, 大农场

plantation **

1. plantation plantations
A plantation is a large piece of land, especially in a tropical country, where crops such as rubber, coffee, tea, or sugar are grown.

- ...banana plantations in Costa Rica.

N-COUNT

2. plantation plantations
A plantation is a large number of trees that have been planted together.

- ...a plantation of almond trees.

N-COUNT

planter

[D.J.:ˈplæntə]

[K.K.:ˈplæntɚ]

n.

种植园主, 大农场主

播种机

花盆

planter *

1. planter planters
Planters are people who own or manage plantations in tropical countries.
N-COUNT

2. planter planters
A planter is a container for plants that people keep in their homes.
N-COUNT

plant pot

plant pot plant pots
A plant pot is a container that is used for growing plants. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use pot or planter )
N-COUNT
= flowerpot

plaque

[D.J.:plæk]

[K.K.:plæk]

n.

饰板,匾

<医>牙斑

<微生物>空斑

plaque *

1. plaque plaques
A plaque is a flat piece of metal or stone with writing on it which is fixed to a wall or other structure to remind people of an important person or event.

- After touring the hospital, Her Majesty unveiled a commemorative plaque.

N-COUNT

2. plaque
Plaque is a substance containing bacteria that forms on the surface of your teeth.

- Deposits of plaque build up between the tooth and the gum.

N-UNCOUNT

plasma

[D.J.:ˈplæzmə]

[K.K.:ˈplæzmə]

n.

<解>血浆

<物>等离子体

plasma *

plasma
Plasma is the clear liquid part of blood which contains the blood cells.
N-UNCOUNT

plaster

[D.J.:ˈplɑ:stə]

[K.K.:ˈplæstɚ]

n.

灰泥

膏, 药膏

石膏

vt.

敷贴膏药; 在…上涂灰泥

粘贴, 使紧贴

plastered

[D.J.:ˈplæstəd]

[K.K.:ˈplæstəd]

adj.

喝醉了的

plastering

[D.J.:ˈplɑ:stəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈplæstərɪŋ]

n.

涂以灰泥,石膏工艺

plaster *

1. plaster
Plaster is a smooth paste made of sand, lime, and water which goes hard when it dries. Plaster is used to cover walls and ceilings and is also used to make sculptures.

- There were huge cracks in the plaster, and the green shutters were faded.

- In the Mus´ee d'Orsay in Paris is a sculpture in plaster by Rodin.

N-UNCOUNT

2. plaster plasters plastering plastered
If you plaster a wall or ceiling , you cover it with a layer of plaster.

- The ceiling he had just plastered fell in and knocked him off his ladder.

VB

3. plaster plasters plastering plastered
If you plaster a surface or a place with posters or pictures, you stick a lot of them all over it.

- He has plastered the city with posters proclaiming his qualifications and experience.

- His room is plastered with pictures of Porsches and Ferraris.

VB

4. plaster plasters plastering plastered
If you plaster yourself in some kind of sticky substance, you cover yourself in it.

- She gets sunburnt even when she plasters herself from head to toe in Factor 7 sun lotion.

VB

5. plaster plasters
A plaster is a strip of sticky material used for covering small cuts or sores on your body. (BRIT; in AM usually use Band-Aid )
N-COUNT

6. plaster
If you have a leg or arm in plaster , you have a cover made of plaster of Paris around your leg or arm, in order to protect a broken bone and allow it to mend. (mainly BRIT; in AM use in a cast )
PHR

plastered *

1. plastered
If something is plastered to a surface, it is sticking to the surface.

- His hair was plastered down to his scalp by the rain.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep/adv

2. plastered
If something or someone is plastered with a sticky substance, they are covered with it.

- My hands, boots and trousers were plastered with mud.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with/in n

3. plastered
If a story or photograph is plastered all over the front page of a newspaper, it is given a lot of space on the page and made very noticeable.

- His picture was plastered all over the newspapers on the weekend.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep/adv

4. plastered
If someone gets plastered , they get very drunk. (INFORMAL)

- With gin at 9p a tot, getting plastered is cheap and easy.

ADJ: v-link ADJ
= sloshed

5. plastered
If someone's broken arm or leg is plastered , it has a hard cover of plaster of Paris around it to protect the broken bone while it is mending.

- She was sitting in a hospital bed, her plastered leg up in the air.

ADJ

plaster

noun

1.

mortar

gypsum

plaster of Paris

stucco

2.

bandage

adhesive plaster

dressing

Elastoplast Trademark

sticking plaster

verb

3.

cover

coat

daub

overlay

smear

spread

plasterboard

[D.J.:ˈplɑ:stəbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈplæstɚˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

石膏板

plasterboard

plasterboard
Plasterboard is cardboard covered with plaster which is used for covering walls and ceilings instead of using plaster.
N-UNCOUNT

plaster cast

1. plaster cast plaster casts
A plaster cast is a cover made of plaster of Paris which is used to protect a broken bone by keeping part of the body stiff.

- A few years ago I broke my leg and had a plaster cast on up to my hip.

N-COUNT

2. plaster cast plaster casts
A plaster cast is a copy of a statue or other object, made from plaster of Paris.

- ...a plaster cast of the Venus de Milo.

N-COUNT

plasterer

[ˈplɑ:stərə]

n.

泥水匠,石膏师

plasterer

plasterer plasterers
A plasterer is a person whose job it is to cover walls and ceilings with plaster.
N-COUNT

plaster of Paris

plaster of Paris
Plaster of Paris is a type of plaster made from white powder and water which dries quickly. It is used to make plaster casts.
N-UNCOUNT

plastic

[D.J.:ˈplɑ:stik]

[K.K.:ˈplæstɪk]

n.

塑料; 塑料制品

〈口〉信用卡

adj.

(指物品)塑料的

(指材料或物质)可塑的

plasticity

[D.J.:plæˈstɪsətɪ]

[K.K.:plæˈstɪsətɪ]

n.

粘性；成形性，柔软性

<生>可塑性(指生物体对环境的适应性)

plastics

n.

整形外科,外科修补术

plastic ***

1. plastic plastics
Plastic is a material which is produced by a chemical process and which is used to make many objects. It is light in weight and does not break easily.

- ...a wooden crate, sheltered from wetness by sheets of plastic...

- A lot of the plastics that carmakers are using cannot be recycled.

- ...a black plastic bag.

N-MASS: oft N n

2. plastic
If you describe something as plastic , you mean that you think it looks or tastes unnatural or not real.

- You wanted proper home-cooked meals, you said you had enough plastic hotel food and airline food.

- When girls put on too much eye-shadow, they look plastic.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

3. plastic
If you use plastic or plastic money to pay for something, you pay for it with a credit card instead of using cash. (INFORMAL)

- Using plastic to pay for an order is simplicity itself.

- ...shopping with their plastic money.

N-UNCOUNT

4. plastic
Something that is plastic is soft and can easily be made into different shapes.

- You can also enjoy mud packs with the natural mud, smooth, gray, soft, and plastic as butter.

ADJ
= pliable flexible

5. plasticity

- ...the plasticity of the flesh.

N-UNCOUNT

plastic

adjective

1.

manageable

docile

malleable

pliable

receptive

responsive

tractable

2.

pliant

ductile

flexible

mouldable

pliable

soft

supple

plastic bullet

plastic bullet plastic bullets
A plastic bullet is a large bullet made of plastic, which is intended to make people stop rioting, rather than to kill people.
N-COUNT

plastic explosive

plastic explosive plastic explosives
Plastic explosive is a substance which explodes and which is used in making small bombs.
N-MASS

Plasticine

n.

橡皮泥；代用黏土（商标名称）

Plasticine

Plasticine
Plasticine is a soft coloured substance like clay which children use for making models. (BRIT, TRADEMARK)
N-UNCOUNT

plastic surgeon

plastic surgeon plastic surgeons
A plastic surgeon is a doctor who performs operations to repair or replace skin which has been damaged, or to improve people's appearance.
N-COUNT

plastic surgery *

plastic surgery
Plastic surgery is the practice of performing operations to repair or replace skin which has been damaged, or to improve people's appearance.

- She even had plastic surgery to change the shape of her nose.

N-UNCOUNT

plastic wrap

plastic wrap
Plastic wrap is a thin, clear, stretchy plastic which you use to cover food to keep it fresh. (AM; in BRIT use clingfilm )
N-UNCOUNT
= Saran wrap

plate

[D.J.:pleit]

[K.K.:plet]

n.

盘子, 碟

金属牌

平板, 薄片

vt.

镀, 电镀

plate,slab

板

plates

板材

plate ***

1. plate plates
A plate is a round or oval flat dish that is used to hold food.

- Anita pushed her plate away; she had eaten virtually nothing.

N-COUNT

2. plate plates
A plate of food is the amount of food on the plate.

- ...a huge plate of bacon and eggs.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. plate plates
A plate is a flat piece of metal, especially on machinery or a building.
N-COUNT

4. plate plates
A plate is a small, flat piece of metal with someone's name written on it, which you usually find beside the front door of an office or house.
N-COUNT

5. plate plates
On a road vehicle, the plates are the panels at the front and back which display the license number in the United States, and the registration number in Britain.

- ...dusty-looking cars with New Jersey plates.

N-PLURAL
See also number plate , license plate .

6. plate
Plate is dishes, bowls, and cups that are made of precious metal, especially silver or gold.

- ...gold and silver plate, jewellery, and roomfuls of antique furniture.

N-UNCOUNT

7. plate plates
In printing, a plate is a sheet of metal which is carved or specially treated with chemicals so that it can be used to print text or pictures.
N-COUNT

8. plate plates
In photography, a plate is a thin sheet of glass that is covered with a layer of chemicals which react to the light and on which an image can be formed.
N-COUNT

9. plate plates
A plate in a book is a picture or photograph which takes up a whole page and is usually printed on better quality paper than the rest of the book.

- Fermor's book has 55 colour plates.

N-COUNT
= illustration

10. plate plates
In a microscope, the plate is a small rectangular piece of glass onto which you put a small amount of the substance that you want to look at. You then slide the plate under the microscope to look at the substance.
N-COUNT
= slide

11. plate plates
A dental plate is a piece of plastic which is shaped to fit inside a person's mouth and which a set of false teeth is attached to.
N-COUNT

12. plate plates
In geology, a plate is a large piece of the earth's surface, perhaps as large as a continent, which moves very slowly. (TECHNICAL)

- The United States Geological Survey has revealed that the earthquake was not caused by a simple horizontal movement of one plate past another.

N-COUNT

13. plate plates
In baseball, the plate is the same as the home plate . (AM)
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

14. plate
If you have enough on your plate or have a lot on your plate , you have a lot of work to do or a lot of things to deal with.

- We have enough on our plate. There is plenty of work to be done on what we have.

PHR: V inflects

15. plate
If you say that someone has things handed to them on a plate , you disapprove of them because they get good things easily. (mainly BRIT)

- Even the presidency was handed to him on a plate.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

plate

noun

1.

platter

dish

trencher archaic

2.

helping

course

dish

portion

serving

3.

layer

panel

sheet

slab

4.

illustration

lithograph

print

verb

5.

coat

cover

gild

laminate

overlay

plateau

[D.J.:ˈplætəu]

[K.K.:plæˈto]

n.

高原

平稳时期, 稳定状态, 停滞时期

plateau *

1. plateau plateaus
A plateau is a large area of high and fairly flat land.

- A broad valley opened up leading to a high, flat plateau of cultivated land.

N-COUNT The plural can be either plateaus or plateaux

2. plateau plateaus
If you say that an activity or process has reached a plateau , you mean that it has reached a stage where there is no further change or development.

- The US heroin market now appears to have reached a plateau.

- I think the economy is stuck on a kind of plateau of slow growth.

N-COUNT The plural can be either plateaus or plateaux

3. plateau plateaus plateauing plateaued
If something such as an activity, process, or cost plateaus or plateaus out , it reaches a stage where there is no further change or development.

- Evelyn's career is accelerating, and mine is plateauing out a bit.

- The shares plateaued at 153p.

VB The plural can be either plateaus or plateaux

plateau

noun

1.

upland

highland

table

tableland

2.

levelling off

level

stability

stage

plated

[D.J.:ˈpleitid]

[K.K.:ˈpletɪd]

adj.

镀金的,装甲的

plated *

plated
If something made of metal is plated with a thin layer of another type of metal, it is covered with it.

- ...a range of jewellery, plated with 22-carat nickel-free gold.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with n

-plated

-plated
Something made of metal that is plated is covered with a thin layer of another type of metal such as gold and silver.

- ...a gold-plated watch.

COMB in ADJ

plateful

[D.J.:ˈpleɪtˌfʊl]

[K.K.:ˈpletˌfʊl]

n.

(一)满盘;一盘

plateful

plateful platefuls
A plateful of food is an amount of food that is on a plate and fills it.

- ...a greasy plateful of bacon and eggs.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

plate glass

plate glass
Plate glass is thick glass made in large, flat pieces, which is used especially to make large windows and doors.
N-UNCOUNT also plate-glass .

platelet

[D.J.:ˈpleitlit]

[K.K.:ˈpletlɪt]

n.

血小板,小盘,小板

platelet

platelet platelets
Platelets are a kind of blood cell. If you cut yourself and you are bleeding, platelets help to stop the bleeding. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl

plate tectonics

plate tectonics
Plate tectonics is the way that large pieces of the earth's surface move slowly around. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

platform

[D.J.:ˈplætfɔ:m]

[K.K.:ˈplætˌfɔrm]

n.

台, 平台, 讲台, 舞台, 戏台

站台, 月台

纲领; 政纲; 宣言

platform ***

1. platform platforms
A platform is a flat, raised structure, usually made of wood, which people stand on when they make speeches or give a performance.

- Nick finished what he was saying and jumped down from the platform.

N-COUNT
= stage dais

2. platform platforms
A platform is a flat raised structure or area, usually one which something can stand on or land on.

- Some of these flood shelters are on raised platforms, which have allowed government helicopters to land amid the continuing floods.

- They found a spot on a rocky platform where they could pitch their tents.

N-COUNT

3. platform platforms
A platform is a structure built for people to work and live on when drilling for oil or gas at sea, or when extracting it.
N-COUNT

4. platform platforms
A platform in a railway station is the area beside the rails where you wait for or get off a train.

- The train was about to leave and I was not even on the platform.

N-COUNT

5. platform platforms
The platform of a political party is what they say they will do if they are elected.

- The party has announced a platform of political and economic reforms as it campaigns for the country's first multiparty elections next month.

- The Socialist Party won a landslide victory on a nationalist platform.

N-COUNT: with supp
= programme

6. platform platforms
If someone has a platform , they have an opportunity to tell people what they think or want.

- The demonstration provided a platform for a broad cross section of speakers.

N-COUNT
= stage

7. platform
In a bus, the platform is the area of floor at the front or back where you get on and off. (BRIT)

- I stood on the crowded back platform of the seven o'clock bus as it lurched along the wet damp street.

N-SING: usu the N

platform

noun

1.

stage

dais

podium

rostrum

stand

2.

policy

manifesto

objective(s)

party line

principle

programme

plating

[D.J.:ˈpleitiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpletɪŋ]

n.

电镀,被覆金属

plating

plating
Plating is a thin layer of metal on something, or a covering of metal plates.

- The tanker began spilling oil the moment her outer plating ruptured.

N-UNCOUNT

platinum

[D.J.:ˈplætnəm]

[K.K.:ˈplætnəm]

n.

铂;白金

platinum *

1. platinum
Platinum is a very valuable, silvery-grey metal. It is often used for making jewellery.
N-UNCOUNT

2. platinum
Platinum hair is very fair, almost white.

- ...a platinum blonde with thick eye shadow and scarlet lipstick.

COLOUR

platitude

[D.J.:ˈplætɪˌtu:d, -ˌtju:d]

[K.K.:ˈplætɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

平常的话,老生常谈,陈词滥调

platitudinous

adj.

platitudinous

[ˌplætiˈtju:dinəs]

adj.

平凡的,陈腐的

platitude

platitude platitudes
A platitude is a statement which is considered meaningless and boring because it has been made many times before in similar situations.

- Why couldn't he, for once, say something vital and original instead of just spouting the same old platitudes?

- ...a stream of platitudes, outlining many problems but offering few solutions.

N-COUNT disapproval

platitude

noun

clich´e

banality

commonplace

truism

platonic

[D.J.:pləˈtɔnɪk, pleɪ-]

[K.K.:pləˈtɑnɪk, ple-]

adj.

柏拉图(哲学)的

理想的;不切实际的

(两性之间关系)纯精神友谊的

platonic

1. platonic
Platonic relationships or feelings of affection do not involve sex.

- She values the platonic friendship she has had with Chris for ten years.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ sexual

2. platonic
Platonic means relating to the ideas of the Greek philosopher Plato.

- ...the Platonic tradition of Greek philosophy.

ADJ: usu ADJ n The spelling Platonic is also used

platoon

[D.J.:pləˈtu:n]

[K.K.:pləˈtun]

n.

<军>排

platoon *

platoon platoons
A platoon is a small group of soldiers, usually one which is commanded by a lieutenant.
N-COUNT

platoon

noun

squad

company

group

outfit informal

patrol

squadron

team

platter

[D.J.:ˈplætə]

[K.K.:ˈplætɚ]

n.

<美>大浅盘

(一般为木制的)浅盘

on a silver platter

不图回报地(给予)；拱手相让

platter *

1. platter platters
A platter is a large, flat plate used for serving food. (mainly AM)

- The food was being served on silver platters.

- ...platters of ham and chicken sandwiches.

N-COUNT

2. platter platters
A platter is a large flat plate which has different kinds of the same food on, especially cheese and fruit.

- ...a low-calorie fruit mousse or souffle for dessert, or a cheese platter.

N-COUNT

platter

noun

plate

dish

salver

tray

trencher archaic

plaudits

plaudits
If a person or a thing receives plaudits from a group of people, those people express their admiration for or approval of that person or thing. (FORMAL)

- They won plaudits and prizes for their accomplished films.

N-PLURAL
= acclaim ≠ criticism

plaudits

plural noun

approval

acclaim

acclamation

applause

approbation

praise

plausibility

[ˌplɔ:zəˈbiləti]

n.

似乎有理,善辩

plausible

[D.J.:ˈplɔ:zəbl]

[K.K.:ˈplɔzəbəl]

adj.

(声明、争论等)似乎是真的

花言巧语的, 能说会道的

plausibly

adv.

似真地

plausible *

1. plausible
An explanation or statement that is plausible seems likely to be true or valid.

- A more plausible explanation would seem to be that people are fed up with the Conservative government.

- That explanation seems entirely plausible to me.

ADJ-GRADED
= reasonable ≠ implausible

2. plausibly

- Having bluffed his way in without paying, he could not plausibly demand his money back.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. plausibility

- ...the plausibility of the theory.

N-UNCOUNT
= credibility

4. plausible
If you say that someone is plausible , you mean that although they seem to be telling the truth and they seem to be sincere and honest, they may be deceiving people.

- All I can say is that he was so plausible it wasn't just me that he conned.

ADJ-GRADED
= believable

plausible

adjective

1.

reasonable

believable

conceivable

credible

likely

persuasive

possible

probable

tenable

2.

glib

smooth

smooth-talking

smooth-tongued

specious

play

[plei]

n.

游戏, 玩耍; 娱乐

比赛, 竞赛, 运动

戏剧; 剧本

自由活动

赌博

vt. & vi.

玩, 玩耍

参加比赛

演奏; 播放

演出, 扮演

vt.

开某人玩笑, 嘲弄

play *****

1. play plays playing played
When children, animals, or perhaps adults play , they spend time doing enjoyable things, such as using toys and taking part in games.

- ...invite the children round to play...

- They played in the little garden.

- Polly was playing with her teddy bear.

VB

2. play
Also a noun.

- ...a few hours of play until the baby-sitter takes them off to bed.

N-UNCOUNT

3. play plays playing played
When you play a sport, game, or match, you take part in it.

- While the twins played cards, Francis sat reading.

- Alain was playing cards with his friends.

- I used to play basketball.

- I want to play for my country.

- He captained the team but he didn't actually play.

V-RECIP

4. play
Also a noun.

- Both sides adopted the Continental style of play.

N-UNCOUNT

5. play plays playing played
When one person or team plays another or plays against them, they compete against them in a sport or game.

- Northern Ireland will play Latvia.

- I've played against him a few times.

VB

6. play
Also a noun.

- Fischer won after 5 hours and 41 minutes of play.

N-UNCOUNT

7. play plays playing played
When you play the ball or play a shot in a game or sport, you kick or hit the ball.

- Think first before playing the ball.

- Sikander Bakht played a bad shot.

- I played the ball back slightly.

VB

8. play plays playing played
If you play a joke or a trick on someone, you deceive them or give them a surprise in a way that you think is funny, but that often causes problems for them or annoys them.

- Someone had played a trick on her, stretched a piece of string at the top of those steps.

- I thought: `This cannot be happening, somebody must be playing a joke'.

VB

9. play plays playing played
If you play with an object or with your hair, you keep moving it or touching it with your fingers, perhaps because you are bored or nervous.

- She stared at the floor, idly playing with the strap of her handbag.

VB
= toy

10. play plays
A play is a piece of writing which is performed in a theatre, on the radio, or on television.

- The company put on a play about the homeless.

- It's my favourite Shakespeare play.

N-COUNT

11. play plays playing played
If an actor plays a role or character in a play or film, he or she performs the part of that character.

- ...Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, in which he played Hyde...

- His ambition is to play the part of Dracula.

VB

12. play plays playing played
You can use play to describe how someone behaves, when they are deliberately behaving in a certain way or like a certain type of person. For example, to play the innocent , means to pretend to be innocent, and to play deaf means to pretend not to hear something.

- Hill tried to play the peacemaker.

- She was just playing the devoted mother.

- So you want to play nervous today?

V-LINK
= act

13. play plays playing played
You can describe how someone deals with a situation by saying that they play it in a certain way. For example, if someone plays it cool , they keep calm and do not show much emotion, and if someone plays it straight , they behave in an honest and direct way.

- Investors are playing it cautious, and they're playing it smart.

VB

14. play plays playing played
If you play a musical instrument or play a tune on a musical instrument, or if a musical instrument plays , music is produced from it.

- Nina had been playing the piano.

- Two people played jazz on a piano.

- He played for me.

- Place your baby in her seat and play her a lullaby.

- The guitars played.

V-ERG

15. play plays playing played
If you play a record, a compact disc, or a tape, you put it into a machine and sound is produced. If a record or tape is playing , sound is being produced from it.

- She played her records too loudly.

- Every evening in those days the BBC played `God Save The King'.

- The records were played on the radio.

- There is classical music playing in the background.

V-ERG

16. play plays playing played
If a musician or group of musicians plays or plays a concert, they perform music for people to listen or dance to.

- A band was playing.

- He will play concerts in Amsterdam and Paris.

VB
= perform

17. play plays playing played
When light plays somewhere, it moves about on a surface in an unsteady way. (LITERARY)

- The sun played on the frosty roofs.

VB

18. play
If you ask what someone is playing at , you are angry because you think they are doing something stupid or wrong. (INFORMAL)

- What the hell are you playing at?

PHR: V inflects feelings

19. play
When something comes into play or is brought into play , it begins to be used or to have an effect.

- The real existence of a military option will come into play.

- Breathing brings many muscles into play.

PHR: V inflects

20. play
If something or someone plays a part or plays a role in a situation, they are involved in it and have an effect on it.

- They played a part in the life of their community.

- The UN would play a major role in monitoring a ceasefire.

- ...the role played by diet in disease.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR in n

play

verb

1.

amuse oneself

entertain oneself

fool

have fun

revel

romp

sport

trifle

2.

compete

challenge

contend against

participate

take on

take part

3.

act

act the part of

perform

portray

represent

noun

4.

drama

comedy

dramatic piece

farce

pantomime

piece

show

stage show

tragedy

5.

amusement

diversion

entertainment

fun

game

pastime

recreation

sport

6.

fun

humour

jest

joking

lark informal

prank

sport

7.

space

elbowroom

latitude

leeway

margin

room

scope

play along *****

play along plays along; playing along; played along
If you play along with a person, with what they say, or with their plans, you appear to agree with them and do what they want, even though you are not sure whether they are right.

- My mother has learnt to play along with the bizarre conversations begun by father.

- He turned and led the way to the lift. Fox played along, following him.

PHR-V: no passive

play at *****

1. play at plays at; playing at; played at
If you say that someone is playing at something, you disapprove of the fact that they are doing it casually and not very seriously.

- We were still playing at war -- dropping leaflets instead of bombs.

PHR-V: no passive disapproval

2. play at plays at; playing at; played at
If someone, especially a child, plays at being someone or doing something, they pretend to be that person or do that thing as a game.

- Ed played at being a pirate.

PHR-V: no passive

3. play at plays at; playing at; played at
If you do not know what someone is playing at , you do not understand what they are doing or what they are trying to achieve. (INFORMAL)

- She began to wonder what he was playing at.

- `What do you think you're playing at?' he said. `I can't sell this.'

PHR-V

play around *****

1. play around plays around; playing around; played around
If you play around , you behave in a silly way to amuse yourself or other people. (INFORMAL)

- Stop playing around and eat!.

- There was no doubt he was serious, it wasn't just playing around.

- Had he taken the keys and played around with her car?

PHR-V
= mess about fool around

2. play around plays around; playing around; played around
If you play around with a problem or an arrangement of objects, you try different ways of organizing it in order to find the best solution or arrangement. (INFORMAL)

- I can play around with the pictures in all sorts of ways to make them more eye-catching.

PHR-V

3. play around plays around; playing around; played around
If someone plays around , they have sex with people other than the person they are married to or having a serious relationship with. (INFORMAL)

- Up to 75 per cent of married men may be playing around.

- Robert was playing around with another woman.

PHR-V
= fool around

play back *****

play back plays back; playing back; played back
When you play back a tape or film, you listen to the sounds or watch the pictures after recording them.

- He bought an answering machine that plays back his messages when he calls.

- Ted might benefit from hearing his own voice recorded and played back.

- I played the tape back.

PHR-V
See also playback .

play down *****

play down plays down; playing down; played down
If you play down something, you try to make people believe that it is not particularly important.

- Western diplomats have played down the significance of the reports.

- He plays down rumours that he aims to become a Labour MP.

- Both London and Dublin are playing the matter down.

PHR-V
= underplay ≠ play up

play down

verb

minimize

gloss over

make light of

make little of

soft-pedal informal

underplay

underrate

play off against *****

play off plays off; playing off; played off
If you play people off against each other, you make them compete or argue, so that you gain some advantage.

- Gregory would interview them, and would play one off against the other.

PHR-V

play on *****

play on plays on; playing on; played on
If you play on someone's fears, weaknesses, or faults, you deliberately use them in order to persuade that person to do something, or to achieve what you want.

- ...an election campaign which plays on the population's fear of change...

- I felt guilty saying that, playing on her generosity.

PHR-V
= exploit

play on upon

verb

take advantage of

abuse

capitalize on

exploit

impose on

trade on

play out *****

play out plays out; playing out; played out
If a dramatic event is played out , it gradually takes place.

- The political turmoil is being played out against a backdrop of terror attacks by far-right bombers.

- The film has eerie parallels with the drama being played out in real life.

PHR-V: usu passive
= unfold

play up *****

1. play up plays up; playing up; played up
If you play up something, you emphasize it and try to make people believe that it is important.

- The media played up the prospects for a settlement.

- His Japanese ancestry has been played up by some of his opponents.

PHR-V
= emphasize ≠ play down underplay

2. play up plays up; playing up; played up
If something such as a machine or a part of your body is playing up or is playing you up , it is causing problems because it is not working properly. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The engine had been playing up.

- It was his back playing him up.

PHR-V: usu cont, no passive

3. play up plays up; playing up; played up
When children play up , they are naughty and difficult to control. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Patrick often plays up when he knows I'm in a hurry.

PHR-V

play up

verb

1.

emphasize

accentuate

highlight

stress

underline

2.

be awkward

be disobedient

be stroppy Brit. slang

give trouble

misbehave

3.

hurt

be painful

be sore

bother

pain

trouble

4.

malfunction

be on the blink slang

not work properly

play upon *****

play upon plays upon; playing upon; played upon
To play upon something means the same as to play on it. (FORMAL)
PHR-V

play-act

v.

表演;装扮,假扮

play-act

play-act play-acts play-acting play-acted
If someone is play-acting , they are pretending to have attitudes or feelings that they do not really have.

- The `victim' revealed he was only play acting.

VB: usu cont

play-acting

play-acting.
Play-acting is behaviour where someone pretends to have attitudes or feelings that they do not really have.

- It was just a piece of play-acting.

N-UNCOUNT

playback

[D.J.:ˈpleibæk]

[K.K.:ˈpleˌbæk]

n.

录音重放,录音重放装置,重放

playback

playback playbacks
The playback of a tape is the operation of playing it on a machine in order to listen to the sound or watch the pictures recorded on it.

- I heard a playback of one of the tapes.

N-COUNT: usu sing

playboy

[D.J.:ˈpleɪˌbɔɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpleˌbɔɪ]

n.

花花公子;纨绔子弟

playboy

playboy playboys
You can refer to a rich man who spends most of his time enjoying himself as a playboy .

- Father was a rich playboy.

- ...the playboy millionaire.

N-COUNT

playboy

noun

womanizer

ladies' man

lady-killer informal

philanderer

rake

rou´e

Play-Doh

Play-Doh
Play-Doh is a soft coloured substance like clay which children use for making models. (TRADEMARK)
N-UNCOUNT

player

[D.J.:ˈpleɪə]

[K.K.:ˈpleɚ]

n.

游戏的人,打牌的人,选手,比赛者

演员;演奏者

播放器

player *****

1. player players
A player in a sport or game is a person who takes part, either as a job or for fun.

- ...his greatness as a player...

- She was a good golfer and tennis player.

- ...top chess-players.

N-COUNT

2. player players
You can use player to refer to a musician. For example, a piano player is someone who plays the piano.

- ...a professional trumpet player.

N-COUNT

3. player players
If a person, country, or organization is a player in something, they are involved in it and important in it.

- Big business has become a major player in the art market.

- America is not a party to the negotiations, yet it is a key player.

N-COUNT: oft supp N, N in n

4. player players
A player is an actor.

- ...a company of players...

- Oscar nominations went to all five leading players.

N-COUNT

player

noun

1.

sportsman or sportswoman

competitor

contestant

participant

2.

musician

artist

instrumentalist

performer

virtuoso

3.

performer

actor or actress

entertainer

Thespian

trouper

player piano

player piano player pianos.
A player piano is a type of mechanical piano. When you press the pedals, air is forced through holes in a roll of paper to press the keys and play a tune. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use pianola )
N-COUNT

playful

[D.J.:ˈpleɪfəl]

[K.K.:ˈplefəl]

adj.

活泼快乐的;爱玩的

戏谑的,闹着玩的

playfully

adv.

爱玩地,戏谑地

playfulness

n.

活泼快乐,戏谑

playfully

[D.J.:ˈpleɪfəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈplefəlɪ]

adv.

好游玩地

开玩笑地

playful *

1. playful
A playful gesture or person is friendly or humorous.

- ...a playful kiss on the tip of his nose.

- ...a playful fight...

- Her manner is playful and girlish.

ADJ-GRADED

2. playfully

- She pushed him away playfully.

ADV-GRADED

3. playfulness

- ...the child's natural playfulness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. playful
A playful animal is lively and cheerful.

- ...a playful puppy.

ADJ-GRADED

playful

adjective

lively

frisky

impish

merry

mischievous

spirited

sportive

sprightly

vivacious

playground

[D.J.:ˈpleiɡraund]

[K.K.:ˈpleˌɡraʊnd]

n.

操场; 游乐场, 娱乐场

playground *

1. playground playgrounds
A playground is a piece of land, at school or in a public area, where children can play.
N-COUNT
See also adventure playground .

2. playground playgrounds
If you describe a place as a playground for a certain group of people, you mean that those people like to enjoy themselves there or go on holiday there.

- ...St Tropez, playground of the rich and famous.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N supp

playgroup

[ˈpleiɡru:p]

n.

(三至五岁孩子的)幼儿园

playgroup *

playgroup playgroups
A playgroup is an informal school for very young children, where they learn things by playing.
N-COUNT: also prep N also play group .
= playschool

playhouse

[D.J.:ˈpleɪˌhaʊs]

[K.K.:ˈpleˌhaʊs]

n.

剧场,戏院

(像房子一样的)儿童游戏屋

playhouse *

1. playhouse playhouses
A playhouse is a theatre.

- The Theatre Royal is one of the oldest playhouses in Britain.

N-COUNT
= theatre

2. playhouse playhouses
A playhouse is a small house made for children to play in.

- My father built me a playhouse.

N-COUNT
= wendy house

playing card

playing card playing cards
Playing cards are thin pieces of cardboard with numbers or pictures printed on them, which are used to play various games.
N-COUNT
= card

playing field *

1. playing field playing fields
A playing field is a large area of grass where people play sports.

- ...the playing fields of the girls' Grammar School.

N-COUNT

2. playing field
You talk about a level playing field to mean a situation that is fair, because no competitor or opponent in it has an advantage over another.

- American businessmen ask for a level playing field when they compete with foreign companies.

PHR: N inflects

playmate

[D.J.:ˈpleɪˌmeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpleˌmet]

n.

一起玩耍的朋友, 游戏的伙伴

playmate

playmate playmates
A child's playmate is another child who often plays with him or her.

- The young girl loved to play with her playmates.

N-COUNT

playmate

noun

friend

chum informal

companion

comrade

pal informal

playfellow

play-off

[D.J.:ˈpleɪˌɔ:f, -ˌɔf]

[K.K.:ˈpleˌɔf, -ˌɑf]

n.

(比赛平局之后为决定冠军而举行的)最后决赛;加时比赛

play-off *

1. play-off play-offs
A playoff is an extra game which is played to decide the winner of a sports competition when two or more people have got the same score.

- Nick Faldo was beaten by Peter Baker in a play-off.

- ...a playoff game to determine who is the league winner.

N-COUNT also playoff .

2. play-off play-offs
You use playoffs to refer to a series of games between the winners of different leagues, to decide which teams will play for a championship. (AM)

- The winner of the American League East race will face the powerful Oakland A's in the playoffs this weekend.

N-COUNT: usu N in pl also playoff .

play on words

play on words plays on words
A play on words is the same as a pun .
N-COUNT: usu a N in sing

playpen

[D.J.:ˈpleɪˌpen]

[K.K.:ˈpleˌpɛn]

n.

(供幼儿在内玩耍的)护栏

playpen

playpen playpens
A playpen is a small structure which is designed for a baby or young child to play safely in. It has bars or a net round the sides and is open at the top.
N-COUNT

playroom

[D.J.:ˈpleiru:m]

[K.K.:ˈpleˌrum, -ˌrʊm]

n.

游戏室,娱乐室

playroom

playroom playrooms
A playroom is a room in a house for children to play in.
N-COUNT

playschool

[ˈpleisku:l]

n.

幼儿游戏组

playschool

playschool playschools
A playschool is an informal type of school for very young children where they learn things by playing. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT: also prep N also play school .
= playgroup

plaything

[D.J.:ˈpleɪˌθɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpleˌθɪŋ]

n.

玩物;供消遣的东西

<正>玩具

plaything

1. plaything playthings
A plaything is a toy or other object that a child plays with.

- ...an untidy garden scattered with children's playthings.

N-COUNT
= toy

2. plaything playthings
If you say that someone is treating you as a plaything , you think that they are using you for their amusement or advantage, and do not care about you.

- ...an unfaithful husband who treated women as playthings...

- He would not allow anyone to make him into a political plaything for their own ends.

N-COUNT disapproval
= toy

plaything

noun

toy

amusement

game

pastime

trifle

playtime

n.

游戏时间,娱乐时间

playtime

playtime
In a school for young children playtime is the period of time between lessons when they can play outside.

- Any child who is caught will be kept in at playtime.

N-UNCOUNT
= break

playwright

[D.J.:ˈpleɪˌraɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpleˌraɪt]

n.

剧作家

playwright **

playwright playwrights
A playwright is a person who writes plays.
N-COUNT
= dramatist

plaza

[D.J.:ˈplɑ:zə, ˈplæzə]

[K.K.:ˈplɑzə, ˈplæzə]

n.

<西>广场,集市场所

plaza *

1. plaza plazas
A plaza is an open square in a city.

- Across the busy plaza, vendors sell hot dogs and croissant sandwiches.

N-COUNT

2. plaza plazas
A plaza is a group of stores or buildings that are joined together or share common areas. (AM)
N-COUNT

plc **

plc plcs
In Britain, plc means a company whose shares can be bought by the public and is usually used after the name of a company. plc is an abbreviation for `public limited company'. Compare Ltd .

- ...British Telecommunications plc...

- This licence would not allow him to trade as a plc.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu n N also PLC .

plea

[D.J.:pli:]

[K.K.:pli]

n.

请愿, 请求

借口, 托辞

plea **

1. plea pleas
A plea is an appeal or request for something, made in an intense or emotional way. (JOURNALISM)

- Mr Nicholas made his emotional plea for help in solving the killing.

- ...an impassioned plea to mankind to act to save the planet.

N-COUNT: oft N for n, N to-inf
= appeal

2. plea pleas
In a court of law, a person's plea is the answer that they give when they have been charged with a crime, saying whether or not they are guilty of that crime.

- The judge questioned him about his guilty plea.

- We will enter a plea of not guilty.

- Her plea of guilty to manslaughter through provocation was rejected.

N-COUNT: usu adj N, N of adj

3. plea pleas
A plea is a reason which is given, to a court of law or to other people, as an excuse for doing something or for not doing something.

- Phillips murdered his wife, but got off on a plea of insanity.

- Mr Dunn's pleas of poverty are only partly justified.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

plea

noun Brit. informal

1.

appeal

entreaty

intercession

petition

prayer

request

suit

supplication

2.

excuse

defence

explanation

justification

plea bargain

1. plea bargain plea bargains
In some legal systems, a plea bargain is an agreement that, if an accused person says they are guilty, they will be charged with a less serious crime or will receive a less severe punishment.

- A plea bargain was offered by the state assuring her that she wouldn't have to serve time in prison.

N-COUNT

2. plea bargain plea bargains plea bargaining plea bargained
If an accused person plea bargains , they accept a plea bargain.

- More and more criminals will agree to plea-bargain.

VB

3. plea bargaining

- ...the introduction of a system of plea bargaining.

N-UNCOUNT

plead

[D.J.:pli:d]

[K.K.:plid]

vi.

恳求, 请求

vt.

提出…为借口[理由]

vt. & vi.

申诉; 答辩; 为…辩护

pleading

[D.J.:ˈpli:dɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈplidɪŋ]

n.

辩护;答辩

请求;恳求

(常复数)诉状

adj.

诉愿的;恳求的

pleadingly

[D.J.:ˈpli:dɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈplidɪ ŋlɪ]

adv.

祈求地;诉愿地

plead **

1. plead pleads pleading pleaded
If you plead with someone to do something, you ask them in an intense, emotional way to do it.

- The lady pleaded with her daughter to come back home.

- He was kneeling on the floor pleading for mercy.

- `Do not say that,' she pleaded.

- I pleaded to be allowed to go.

VB
= beg

2. plead pleads pleading pleaded
When someone charged with a crime pleads guilty or not guilty in a court of law, they officially state that they are guilty or not guilty of the crime.

- Morris had pleaded guilty to robbery.

VB

3. plead pleads pleading pleaded
If you plead the case or cause of someone or something, you speak out in their support or defence.

- He appeared before the Committee to plead his case.

- He would plead the cause of Russian unity.

VB

4. plead pleads pleading pleaded
If you plead a particular thing as the reason for doing or not doing something, you give it as your excuse.

- Mr Burke, pleading poverty, changed his mind.

- Mr Giles pleads ignorance as his excuse.

- It was no defence for the guards to plead that they were only obeying orders.

VB

pleading *

1. pleading
A pleading expression or gesture shows someone that you want something very much.

- ...his pleading eyes.

- ...the pleading expression on her face...

- Her voice was pleading.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= beseeching

2. pleadingly

- He looked at me pleadingly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. pleading
Pleading is asking someone for something you want very much, in an intense or emotional way.

- He simply ignored Sid's pleading.

- ...the pleadings of the poorer countries.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
= entreaty

See also special pleading .

plead

verb

appeal

ask

beg

beseech

entreat

implore

petition

request

pleasant

[D.J.:ˈplezənt]

[K.K.:ˈplɛzənt]

adj.

令人愉快的, 舒适的

可爱的; 友善的

晴朗的

pleasantly

[D.J.:ˈplezntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpl ɛz n..tlɪ]

adv.

愉快地,快活地

和气地,和蔼地

pleasant ***

1. pleasant pleasanter pleasantest
Something that is pleasant is nice, enjoyable, or attractive.

- I've got a pleasant little apartment.

- It's always pleasant to do what you're good at doing.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf, ADJ to-inf

2. pleasantly

- We talked pleasantly of old times.

- The room was pleasantly warm.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. pleasant pleasanter pleasantest
Someone who is pleasant is friendly and likeable.

- The woman had a pleasant face.

- Lloyd George was most anxious to be agreeable and pleasant.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf
≠ unpleasant

pleasant

adjective

1.

pleasing

agreeable

amusing

delightful

enjoyable

fine

lovely

nice

pleasurable

2.

nice

affable

agreeable

amiable

charming

congenial

engaging

friendly

genial

likable or likeable

pleasantry

[D.J.:ˈplezəntri:]

[K.K.:ˈplɛzəntri]

n.

<正>客气话;客套;礼仪

pleasantry

pleasantry pleasantries
Pleasantries are casual, friendly remarks which you make in order to be polite.

- He exchanged pleasantries about his hotel and the weather.

N-COUNT: usu pl

pleasantry

noun

joke

badinage

banter

jest

quip

witticism

please

[D.J.:pli:z]

[K.K.:pliz]

int.

请

vt. & vi.

(使…)高兴; (使…)满意

想要; 喜欢

pleased

[D.J.:pli:zd]

adj.

高兴的;喜欢的;满意的

I’m (very) pleased to meet you

(用于初次见面握手时)很高兴认识您

none too pleased

不悅；气愤

only too pleased (to do sth)

十分情愿，巴不得(做某事)

(as) pleased as Punch

称心满意；非常高兴

pleased with yourself

自鸣得意；飘飘然

pleasing

[D.J.:ˈpli:zɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈplizɪŋ]

adj.

令人喜爱的;使人愉快的;令人满意的

please ****

1. please
You say please when you are politely asking or inviting someone to do something.

- Can you help us please?.

- Would you please open the door?.

- Please come in.

- `May I sit here?' `Please do.'.

- Can we have the bill please?

ADV: ADV with cl politeness

2. please
You say please when you are accepting something politely.

- `Tea?' --- `Yes, please.'.

- `You want an apple with your cheese?' --- `Please.'

ADV: ADV with cl, ADV as reply formulae

3. please
You can say please to indicate that you want someone to stop doing something or stop speaking. You would say this if, for example, what they are doing or saying makes you angry or upset.

- Please, Mary, this is all so unnecessary.

- Isabella. Please. I don't have time for this.

CONVENTION feelings

4. please
You can say please in order to attract someone's attention politely. Children in particular say ` please ' to attract the attention of a teacher or other adult. (mainly BRIT)

- Please sir, can we have some more?.

- Please, Miss Smith, a moment.

CONVENTION politeness

5. please pleases pleasing pleased
If someone or something pleases you, they make you feel happy and satisfied.

- More than anything, I want to please you.

- Much of the food pleases rather than excites.

- It pleased him to talk to her.

VB

6. please
You use please in expressions such as as she pleases , whatever you please , and anything he pleases to indicate that someone can do or have whatever they want.

- Women should be free to dress and act as they please.

- He does whatever he pleases.

- Isabel can live where she pleases.

PHR: PHR after v

7. please
You can use as you please in expressions such as bold as you please or casually as you please or charming as you please in order to emphasize what you are saying. (INFORMAL)

- He walked by my table and, casually as you please, picked up my address book.

- Bold as you please, she grabbed me by the sleeve.

PHR: adj/adv PHR emphasis

8. please
If you please is sometimes used as a very polite and formal way of attracting someone's attention or of asking them to do something.

- Ladies and gentlemen, if you please. Miss Taylor's going to play for us.

- Sir Harry! Stop, if you please!

CONVENTION politeness

9. please
You can say if you please to indicate that a situation surprises or annoys you, or is difficult to believe.

- She was pretty unforthcoming. Made Sally wait till she'd cooked Selby's lunch, if you please.

PHR: PHR with cl feelings

10. please
You say ` please yourself ' to indicate in a rather rude way that you do not mind or care whether the person you are talking to does a particular thing or not. (INFORMAL)

- `Do you mind if I wait?' I asked. Melanie shrugged: `Please yourself.'

CONVENTION feelings

pleased ***

1. pleased
If you are pleased , you are happy about something or satisfied with something.

- Felicity seemed pleased at the suggestion.

- I think he's going to be pleased that we identified the real problems.

- They're pleased to be going home.

- He glanced at her with a pleased smile.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ prep/that/to-inf
≠ displeased

2. pleased
If you say you will be pleased to do something, you are saying in a polite way that you are willing to do it.

- We will be pleased to answer any questions you may have.

- I shall be very pleased to help you in every way I can.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to-inf politeness
= happy willing

3. pleased
You can tell someone that you are pleased with something they have done in order to express your approval.

- I'm pleased with the way things have been going.

- I am very pleased about the result.

- We are pleased that the problems have been resolved.

- We were very pleased to hear this encouraging news.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ prep/that/to-inf feelings
= happy

4. pleased
If someone is not too pleased or is none too pleased , they are annoyed about something or do not think something is acceptable.

- I was not too pleased with the record you sent me.

- He's not too pleased that I don't seem to be doing my bit.

- Marianne was none too pleased to find Simon seated beside her.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ prep/that/to-inf feelings

5. pleased
When you are about to give someone some news which you know will please them, you can say that you are pleased to tell them the news or that they will be pleased to hear it.

- I'm pleased to say that he is now doing well.

- You'll be very pleased to know that we offered help immediately.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to-inf
= happy

6. pleased
In official letters, people often say they will be pleased to do something, as a polite way of introducing what they are going to do or inviting people to do something.

- We will be pleased to delete the charge from the original invoice.

- We are always pleased to hear from our customers.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to-inf politeness

7. pleased
If someone seems very satisfied with something they have done, you can say that they are pleased with themselves , especially if you think they are more satisfied than they should be.

- `I dare say Sophie was glad to see you,' he said, pleased with himself again for having remembered her name.

- He had reason to be pleased with himself, since he was one of only seven out of forty candidates who were successful.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR with cl

8. pleased
You can say ` Pleased to meet you ' as a polite way of greeting someone who you are meeting for the first time.
CONVENTION formulae

pleasing *

1. pleasing
Something that is pleasing gives you pleasure and satisfaction.

- This area of France has a pleasing climate in August.

- Such a view is pleasing.

- It's pleasing to listen to.

- It's pleasing to see some criminals have a conscience.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n, ADJ to-inf
= agreeable

2. pleasingly

- The interior design is pleasingly simple.

- He sets the atmosphere and shapes the scenes pleasingly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

please

verb

delight

amuse

entertain

gladden

gratify

humour

indulge

satisfy

suit

pleased

adjective

happy

chuffed Brit. slang

contented

delighted

euphoric

glad

gratified

over the moon informal

satisfied

thrilled

pleasing

adjective

enjoyable

agreeable

charming

delightful

engaging

gratifying

likable or likeable

pleasurable

satisfying

pleasurable

[D.J.:ˈpleʒərəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈplɛʒərəbəl]

adj.

令人快乐的,愉快的,舒适的

pleasurableness

n.

快乐

pleasurably

adv.

愉快地,舒适地

pleasurably

adv.

快乐地,欢愉地

pleasurable *

1. pleasurable
Pleasurable experiences or sensations are pleasant and enjoyable.

- The most pleasurable experience of the evening was the wonderful fireworks display.

- He found sailing more pleasurable than skiing.

ADJ-GRADED
= enjoyable ≠ unpleasurable

2. pleasurably

- I will teach him, she thought pleasurably. I will show him how it is done.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

pleasurable

adjective

enjoyable

agreeable

delightful

fun

good

lovely

nice

pleasant

pleasure

[D.J.:ˈpleʒə]

[K.K.:ˈplɛʒɚ]

n.

愉快, 快乐, 满足

娱乐, 消遣

快乐的事物, 乐事

方便而乐意做的事

愿望, 意愿

pleasure ***

1. pleasure
If something gives you pleasure , you get a feeling of happiness, satisfaction, or enjoyment from it.

- Watching sport gave him great pleasure.

- Everybody takes pleasure in eating.

- He gets huge pleasure from ballet and contemporary dance.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N from/in n/-ing

2. pleasure
Pleasure is the activity of enjoying yourself, especially rather than working or doing what you have a duty to do.

- He mixed business and pleasure in a perfect and dynamic way.

- I read for pleasure.

N-UNCOUNT

3. pleasure pleasures
A pleasure is an activity, experience or aspect of something that you find very enjoyable or satisfying.

- Watching TV is our only pleasure.

- ...the pleasure of seeing a smiling face.

- ...the conveniences and pleasures of modern life.

N-COUNT: oft N of n/-ing

4. pleasure
If you meet someone for the first time, you can say, as a way of being polite, that it is a pleasure to meet them. You can also ask for the pleasure of someone's company as a polite and formal way of inviting them somewhere.

- `A pleasure to meet you, sir,' he said.

- Mr and Mrs James Stephens request the pleasure of your company at the marriage of their daughter Caroline Mary to Mr David Smith.

CONVENTION politeness

5. pleasure
You can say ` It's a pleasure ' or ` My pleasure ' as a polite way of replying to someone who has just thanked you for doing something.

- `Thanks very much anyhow.' --- `It's a pleasure.'.

- `Thanks for your call.' --- `My pleasure.'

CONVENTION formulae

6. pleasure
You can say ` With pleasure ' as a polite way of saying that you are very willing to do something.

- `Could you photocopy the advert and put it in the post to us?' --- `With pleasure John.'

CONVENTION formulae

pleasure

noun

happiness

amusement

bliss

delectation

delight

enjoyment

gladness

gratification

joy

satisfaction

pleasure boat

pleasure boat pleasure boats
A pleasure boat is a large boat which takes people for trips on rivers, lakes, or on the sea for pleasure.
N-COUNT

pleasure craft

pleasure craft
A pleasure craft is the same as a pleasure boat .
N-COUNT pleasure craft is both the singular and the plural form

pleat

[D.J.:pli:t]

[K.K.:plit]

n.

(衣服上的)褶

vt.

使打褶

pleat *

pleat pleats
A pleat in a piece of clothing is a permanent fold that is made in the cloth by folding one part over the other and sewing across the top end of the fold.
N-COUNT

pleated

[D.J.:ˈpli:tɪd]

[K.K.:ˈplitɪd]

adj.

打褶裥的,起褶的

pleated

pleated
A pleated piece of clothing has pleats in it.

- ...a short white pleated skirt.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

pleb

[D.J.:pleb]

[K.K.:plɛb]

n.

平民,庶民

plebs

[D.J.:plebz]

[K.K.:plɛbz]

n.

平民,庶民

pleb

pleb plebs
If someone refers to people as plebs , they mean they are of a low social class or do not appreciate culture. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl disapproval
= prole

plebeian

[D.J.:plɪˈbi:ən]

[K.K.:plɪˈbiən]

n.

平民,庶民

平民百姓,平庸粗俗的人

adj.

平民的,庶民的,百姓的

无教养的,鄙俗的;粗俗的

plebeian

1. plebeian
A person, especially one from an earlier period of history, who is plebeian , comes from a low social class.

- In the 1790s Tom Paine taught plebeian radicals that mankind would live in harmony were it not for the vested interest which princes, diplomats and soldiers had in promoting wars to enrich themselves.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also plebian .

2. plebeian
If someone describes something as plebeian , they think that it is unsophisticated and connected with or typical of people from a low social class. (FORMAL)

- ...a philosophy professor with a cockney accent and an alarmingly plebeian manner...

- He spent all day playing rackets on the beach, a plebeian sport if there ever was one.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also plebian . disapproval
= common ≠ sophisticated refined

plebeian

adjective

1.

common

base

coarse

low

lower-class

proletarian

uncultivated

unrefined

vulgar

working-class

noun

2.

commoner

common man

man in the street

pleb

prole derogatory slang chiefly Brit.

proletarian

plebiscite

[D.J.:ˈplebɪˌsaɪt, -sɪt]

[K.K.:ˈplɛbɪˌsaɪt, -sɪt]

n.

公民投票

plebiscite *

plebiscite plebiscites
A plebiscite is a direct vote by the people of a country or region in which they say whether they agree or disagree with a particular policy, for example whether a region should become an independent state.
N-COUNT
= referendum

pledge

[D.J.:pledʒ]

[K.K.:plɛdʒ]

n.

保证; 誓言

信物

抵押品

vt. & vi.

保证, 许诺; 发誓

vt.

典当

pledge ***

1. pledge pledges
When someone makes a pledge , they make a serious promise that they will do something.

- The meeting ended with a pledge to step up cooperation between the six states of the region.

- ...a £1.1m pledge of support from the Spanish ministry of culture.

N-COUNT: usu N to-inf
= promise

2. pledge pledges pledging pledged
When someone pledges to do something, they promise in a serious way to do it. When they pledge something, they promise to give it.

- The Communists have pledged to support the opposition's motion.

- Philip pledges support and offers to help in any way that he can.

- I pledge that by next year we will have the problem solved.

VB

3. pledge
If you pledge a sum of money to an organization or activity, you promise to pay that amount of money to it at a particular time or over a particular period.

- The French President is pledging $150 million in French aid next year.

- The government has now pledged £170m over the next six years for improving primary care.

VB

4. pledge pledges
Also a noun.

- ...pledge of forty two million dollars a month.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

5. pledge pledges pledging pledged
If you pledge yourself to something, you commit yourself to following a particular course of action or to supporting a particular person, group, or idea.

- The President pledged himself to increase taxes for the rich but not the middle classes.

- Tony Cottee has pledged himself to Everton Football Club for another three years.

- The treaties renounce the use of force and pledge the two countries to co-operation.

VB
= commit

6. pledge pledges pledging pledged
If you pledge something such as a valuable possession or a sum of money, you leave it with someone as a guarantee that you will repay money that you have borrowed.

- He asked her to pledge the house as security for a loan.

VB
= guarantee

pledge

noun

1.

promise

assurance

covenant

oath

undertaking

vow

warrant

word

2.

guarantee

bail

collateral

deposit

pawn

security

surety

verb

3.

promise

contract

engage

give one's oath

give one's word

swear

vow

plenary

[D.J.:ˈpli:nəri:, ˈplenə-]

[K.K.:ˈplinəri, ˈplɛnə-]

adj.

全体出席的

plenary

1. plenary
A plenary session or plenary meeting is one that is attended by everyone who has the right to attend. (TECHNICAL)

- The programme was approved at a plenary session of the Central Committee last week.

ADJ: ADJ n
= plenum

2. plenary plenaries
Also a noun.

- There'll be another plenary at the end of the afternoon after the workshop.

N-COUNT

plenipotentiary

[D.J.:ˌplenəpəˈtenʃi:ˌeri:, -ʃəri:]

[K.K.:ˌplɛnəpəˈtɛnʃiˌɛri, -ʃəri]

n.

全权大使,全权代表

adj.

全权大使的,全权代表的

plenipotentiary

1. plenipotentiary plenipotentiaries
A plenipotentiary is a person who has full power to make decisions or take action on behalf of their government, especially in a foreign country. (FORMAL)

- ...the Polish government in exile's plenipotentiary in Warsaw.

- ...the British Plenipotentiary to the UN conference.

N-COUNT also Plenipotentiary .

2. plenipotentiary
An ambassador plenipotentiary or minister plenipotentiary has full power or authority to represent their country. (FORMAL)

- She became Her Britannic Majesty's new ambassador plenipotentiary to the Republic of Lebanon.

- Edwin H. Conger was envoy extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.

ADJ: n ADJ also Plenipotentiary .

3. plenipotentiary
If someone such as an ambassador has plenipotentiary powers , they have full power or authority to represent their country. (FORMAL)

- The Constitution grants the president plenipotentiary powers to use military force to protect our national security.

ADJ: ADJ n also Plenipotentiary .

plenitude

[D.J.:ˈplenɪˌtu:d, -ˌtju:d]

[K.K.:ˈplɛnɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

<文> ①充分,完全

丰富

plenitude

1. plenitude
Plenitude is a feeling that an experience is satisfying because it is full or complete. (FORMAL)

- The music brought him a feeling of plenitude and freedom.

- ...the safety and plenitude of their life.

N-UNCOUNT
= fullness completeness ≠ emptiness

2. plenitude
If there is a plenitude of something, there is a great quantity of it. (FORMAL)

- What is the use of a book about interior design without a plenitude of pictures in color?

N-SING: usu N of n
= abundance plenty ≠ dearth

plentiful

[D.J.:ˈplentiful]

[K.K.:ˈplɛntɪfəl]

adj.

丰富的, 大量的

plentiful *

1. plentiful
Things that are plentiful exist in such large amounts or numbers that there is enough for people's wants or needs.

- Fish are plentiful in the lake.

- ...a plentiful supply of vegetables and salads and fruits.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

2. plentifully

- Nettle grows plentifully on any rich waste ground.

ADV-GRADED

plentiful

adjective

abundant

ample

bountiful

copious

generous

lavish

liberal

overflowing

plenteous

profuse

plenty

[D.J.:ˈplenti]

[K.K.:ˈplɛnti]

n.

充裕, 大量, 富庶

adv.

相当地, 充分地

十分; 非常

plenty ***

1. plenty
If there is plenty of something, there is a large amount of it. If there are plenty of things, there are many of them. It is used especially to indicate that there is enough of something, or more than you need.

- There was still plenty of time to take Jill out for pizza.

- Most businesses face plenty of competition.

- Taking plenty of exercise can be of great benefit.

- Are there plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables in your diet?

QUANT: QUANT of n-uncount/pl-n
= lots

2. plenty
Also a pronoun.

- I don't believe in long interviews. Fifteen minutes is plenty.

- She's got plenty to do these days.

PRON
= lots

3. plenty
Plenty is a situation in which people have a lot to eat or a lot of money to live on. (FORMAL)

- You are all fortunate to be growing up in a time of peace and plenty.

- ...an area that has become a symbol of despair in the midst of America's plenty.

N-UNCOUNT

4. plenty
You use plenty in front of adjectives or adverbs to emphasize the degree of the quality they are describing. (INFORMAL)

- The water looked plenty deep.

- The compartment is plenty big enough.

- Keep in mind you're going to be fighting lots of men who hit plenty hard.

ADV: ADV adj/adv emphasis

5. plenty
If there are things in plenty , those things exist or happen in large amounts or numbers.

- There were thrills in plenty on Saturday at Terrassa, where Germany won the gold medal.

- School inspectors visit regularly, finding everything satisfactory, books in plenty and five computer terminals.

PHR: n PHR, PHR after v

plenty

noun

1.

lots informal

abundance

enough

great deal

heap(s) informal

masses

pile(s) informal

plethora

quantity

stack(s)

2.

abundance

affluence

copiousness

fertility

fruitfulness

plenitude

profusion

prosperity

wealth

plenum

[D.J.:ˈpli:nəm]

[K.K.:ˈplinəm, ˈplɛnəm]

n.

充实,充满,全体会议,高压

plenum *

plenum plenums
A plenum is a meeting that is attended by all the members of a committee or conference. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT
= plenary

plethora

[D.J.:ˈpleθərə]

[K.K.:ˈplɛθərə]

n.

过多,过剩,过量

plethora *

plethora
A plethora of something is a large amount of it, especially an amount of it that is greater than you need, want, or can cope with. (FORMAL)

- A plethora of new operators will be allowed to enter the market.

N-SING: N of n

plethora

noun

excess

glut

overabundance

profusion

superabundance

surfeit

surplus

pleurisy

[D.J.:ˈpluərisi]

[K.K.:ˈplʊrɪsi]

n.

肋膜炎,胸膜炎

pleurisy

pleurisy
Pleurisy is a serious illness in which a person's lungs are sore and breathing is difficult.
N-SING

pliability

[plaiəˈbiliti]

n.

柔韧性

pliable

[D.J.:ˈplaɪəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈplaɪəbəl]

adj.

易弯的,柔韧的,易受影响的

柔顺的,顺从的

能适应的,圆通的

pliability

n.

pliable

1. pliable
If something is pliable , you can bend it easily without cracking or breaking it.

- As your baby grows bigger, his bones become less pliable.

- The finely twined baskets are made with young, pliable spruce roots.

ADJ-GRADED
= supple pliant ≠ rigid

2. pliable
Someone who is pliable can be easily influenced and controlled by other people.

- If we go on expecting our daughters to be decorative and pliable and empty-headed, they'll be inadequately prepared for the future.

ADJ-GRADED
= pliant compliant

pliable

adjective

1.

flexible

bendable

bendy

malleable

plastic

pliant

supple

2.

impressionable

adaptable

compliant

docile

easily led

pliant

receptive

responsive

susceptible

tractable

pliancy

[ˈplaiənsi]

n.

柔软,柔顺

pliant

[D.J.:ˈplaɪənt]

[K.K.:ˈplaɪənt]

adj.

易弯的,柔韧的;能适应的

pliancy

n.

pliant

1. pliant
A pliant person can be easily influenced and controlled by other people.

- She's proud and stubborn, you know, under that pliant exterior.

ADJ-GRADED
= compliant pliable

2. pliant
If something is pliant , you can bend it easily without breaking it.

- ...pliant young willows.

ADJ-GRADED
= pliable supple

pliant

adjective

1.

flexible

bendable

bendy

plastic

pliable

supple

2.

impressionable

biddable

compliant

easily led

pliable

susceptible

tractable

pliers

[D.J.:ˈplaɪəz]

n.

钳子,老虎钳

pliers

pliers
Pliers are a tool with two handles at one end and two hard, flat, metal parts at the other. Pliers are used for holding or pulling out things such as nails, or for bending or cutting wire.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

plight

[D.J.:plait]

[K.K.:plaɪt]

n.

境况, 困境

plight **

plight plights
If you refer to someone's plight , you mean that they are in a difficult or distressing situation that is full of problems.

- ...the worsening plight of Third World countries plagued by debts, economic dependency, corruption and militarism.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

plight

noun

difficulty

condition

jam informal

predicament

scrape informal

situation

spot informal

state

trouble

plimsoll

[D.J.:ˈplɪmsəl, -ˌsɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈplɪmsəl, -ˌsɔl]

n.

橡皮底帆布鞋

plimsolls

n.

橡胶底帆布鞋

plimsoll

plimsoll plimsolls
Plimsolls are canvas shoes with flat rubber soles. People wear plimsolls for sports and leisure activities. (BRIT; in AM use sneakers )
N-COUNT: usu pl

plinth

[D.J.:plɪnθ]

[K.K.:plɪnθ]

n.

<建>(柱的)底座;基座

(花瓶、塑像等的)底座

plinth

plinth plinths
A plinth is a rectangular block of stone on which a statue or pillar stands.
N-COUNT

plod

[D.J.:plɔd]

[K.K.:plɑd]

vt. & vi.

沉重缓慢地走(路)

vi.

努力从事,沉闷地苦干

plod along/ on

缓慢进行(尤指艰难枯燥的工作)

plod away (at sth)

坚持不懈地做(困难或枯燥的事)

plodding

[ˈplɔdiŋ]

adj.

沉重缓慢的,单调乏味的

plod *

1. plod plods plodding plodded
If someone plods , they walk slowly and heavily.

- Crowds of French and British families plodded around in yellow plastic macs.

VB

2. plod plods plodding plodded
If you say that someone plods on or plods along with a job, you mean that the job is taking a long time.

- He is plodding on with negotiations.

- Aircraft production continued to plod along at an agonizingly slow pace.

VB

3. plodding

- The plot unfolds at a plodding pace.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

plod

verb

1.

trudge

clump

drag

lumber

tramp

tread

2.

slog

grind informal

labour

persevere

plough through

plug away informal

soldier on

toil

plodder

[ˈplɔdə]

n.

沉重行走的人,辛勤工作的人

plodder

plodder plodders
If you say that someone is a plodder , you have a low opinion of them because they work slowly and steadily but without showing enthusiasm or having new ideas. (INFORMAL)

- He was quiet, conscientious, a bit of a plodder.

N-COUNT disapproval

plonk

[D.J.:plɔŋk, plʌŋk]

[K.K.:plɑŋk, plʌŋk]

vt.

<英,非正> ①随意放下;砰然扔下

重重地坐下;不经意地坐下

n.

<非正,尤英> ①廉价劣质酒;便宜酒

(重物落下碰到物体表面发出的)嘭的声响,扑通声

plonk

1. plonk plonks plonking plonked
If you plonk something somewhere, you put it or drop it there heavily and carelessly. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use plunk )

- She plonked the beer on the counter.

VB
= plunk

2. plonk plonks plonking plonked
If you plonk yourself somewhere, you sit down carelessly without paying attention to the people around you. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use plunk )

- Steve plonked himself down on a seat and stayed motionless as the bus moved away.

VB

3. plonk
Plonk is cheap or poor quality wine. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-MASS

4. plonk
A plonk is a heavy, hollow sound. (mainly BRIT)

- ...the dry plonk of tennis balls...

- Then plonk, down went the fork.

N-SING; SOUND

plonker

n.

傻瓜,笨蛋;〈俗〉鸡巴

plonker

plonker plonkers
If someone calls a person, especially a man, a plonker , they think he is stupid. (BRIT, INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT disapproval

plop

[D.J.:plɔp]

[K.K.:plɑp]

n.

扑通声,啪嗒声

vi.

扑通地坠落

plop

1. plop
A plop is a soft, gentle sound, like the sound made by something dropping into water without disturbing the surface much.

- Another drop of water fell with a soft plop.

N-COUNT; SOUND

2. plop plops plopping plopped
If something plops somewhere, it drops there with a soft, gentle sound.

- The ice cream plopped to the ground.

VB

3. plop plops plopping plopped
If you plop something somewhere, you drop it there gently and without making a loud noise. (INFORMAL)

- Just plop the noodles over the center of the sauce.

- She picked up the coffee pot, then plopped it down and went into the living room.

VB
= put down

plop down

plop down plops down; plopping down; plopped down
If you plop down or plop yourself down somewhere, you sit down quickly but gently. (INFORMAL)

- I plopped down on one of the dark red sofas.

- He plopped himself down on the grass.

PHR-V
= sit down

plot

[D.J.:plɔt]

[K.K.:plɑt]

n.

故事情节

(秘密)计划, 密谋

小块地皮

vt.

把…分成小块; 划分

绘制; 标出

vt. & vi.

密谋

plotted

标绘的

plotting

[ˈplɔtiŋ]

n.

测绘,标图

plot ***

1. plot plots
A plot is a secret plan by a group of people to do something that is illegal or wrong, usually against a person or a government.

- Security forces have uncovered a plot to overthrow the government.

- He was responding to reports of an assassination plot against him.

N-COUNT: usu N to-inf, N against n
= conspiracy

2. plot plots plotting plotted
If people plot to do something or plot something that is illegal or wrong, they plan secretly to do it.

- Prosecutors in the trial allege the defendants plotted to overthrow the government.

- The military were plotting a coup.

- They are awaiting trial on charges of plotting against the state.

VB
= conspire

3. plot plots plotting plotted
When people plot a strategy or a course of action, they carefully plan each step of it.

- Yesterday's meeting was intended to plot a survival strategy for the party.

- For the next five years she plotted her career.

VB

4. plot plots
The plot of a film, novel, or play is the connected series of events which make up the story.
N-VAR
see also sub-plot .

5. plot plots
A plot of land is a small piece of land, especially one that has been measured or marked out for a special purpose, such as building houses or growing vegetables.

- I thought that I'd buy myself a small plot of land and build a house on it.

- The bottom of the garden was given over to vegetable plots.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

6. plot plots plotting plotted
When someone plots something on a graph, they mark certain points on it and then join the points up.

- So we form the cumulative distribution in the usual way and plot about eight points on the graph.

VB

7. plot plots plotting plotted
When someone plots the position or course of a plane or ship, they mark it on a map using instruments to obtain accurate information.

- We were trying to plot the course of the submarine.

VB
= chart map

8. plot plots plotting plotted
If someone plots the progress or development of something, they make a diagram or a plan which shows how it has developed in order to give some indication of how it will develop in the future.

- They used a computer to plot the movements of everyone in the police station on December 24, 1990.

VB
= chart

9. plot
If someone loses the plot , they become confused and do not know what they should do. (INFORMAL)

- The Tories have lost the plot on law and order.

PHR: V inflects

plot

noun

1.

plan

cabal

conspiracy

intrigue

machination

scheme

stratagem

2.

story

action

narrative

outline

scenario

story line

subject

theme

verb

3.

plan

collude

conspire

contrive

intrigue

machinate

manoeuvre

scheme

4.

devise

conceive

concoct

contrive

cook up informal

design

hatch

lay

5.

chart

calculate

locate

map

mark

outline

plot

noun

patch

allotment

area

ground

lot

parcel

tract

plotter

[D.J.:ˈplɔtə]

[K.K.:ˈplɑtɚ]

n.

密谋策划者; 搞阴谋的人

plotter *

1. plotter plotters
A plotter is a person who secretly plans with others to do something that is illegal or wrong, usually against a person or government.

- Coup plotters tried to seize power in Moscow.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= conspirator

2. plotter plotters
A plotter is a person or instrument that marks the position of something such as a ship on a map or chart.
N-COUNT

plough

[D.J.:plau]

[K.K.:plaʊ]

n.

犁

耕地

vt. & vi.

用犁耕田; 耕

开路; 破浪前进; 艰苦前进

ploughing

[ˈplauiŋ]

v.

耕作

ploughing,plowing

犁沟

plough **

1. plough ploughs
A plough is a large farming tool with sharp blades which is pulled across the soil to turn it over, usually before seeds are planted.
N-COUNT (AM) plow
See also snowplough .

2. plough ploughs ploughing ploughed
When someone ploughs an area of land, they turn over the soil using a plough.

- They ploughed nearly 100,000 acres of virgin moorland.

- ...a carefully ploughed field.

VB (AM) plow

3. ploughing

- In Roman times November was a month of hard work in ploughing and sowing.

N-UNCOUNT

4. plough
If an area of land is under the plough , it is used for growing crops. If land is brought or put under the plough , it is ploughed for the first time and is then used for growing crops.

- There was not one inch of soil that was not under the plough.

- ...as we put more and more wilderness under the plough.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v (AM) plow

plough

verb

1.

turn over

cultivate

dig

till

usually with through 2.

forge

cut

drive

plunge

press

push

wade

plough back **

plough back ploughs back; ploughing back; ploughed back
If profits are ploughed back into a business, they are used to increase the size of the business or to improve it.

- About 70 per cent of its profits are being ploughed back into the investment programme.

PHR-V: usu passive (AM) plow

plough into **

1. plough into ploughs into; ploughing into; ploughed into
If something, for example a car, ploughs into something else, it goes out of control and crashes violently into it.

- A young girl and her little brother were seriously hurt when a car ploughed into them on a crossing.

PHR-V (AM) plow

2. plough into ploughs into; ploughing into; ploughed into
If you say that money is ploughed into something such as a business or a service, you are emphasizing that the amount of money which is invested in it or spent on it in order to improve it is very large.

- Huge sums of private capital will be ploughed into the ailing industries of the east.

- He claimed he ploughed all his money into his antique business.

PHR-V (AM) plow emphasis

plough on **

plough on ploughs on; ploughing on; ploughed on
If you plough on , you continue moving or trying to complete something, even though it takes a lot of effort to go on.

- The King, however dispirited, ploughs on.

- The Chancellor has opted to plough on with policies that could run his coalition on to the rocks.

PHR-V: no passive (AM) plow

plough through **

1. plough through ploughs through; ploughing through; ploughed through
If you plough through something such as a large meal or a long piece of work, you finally finish it although it takes a lot of effort.

- Researchers have ploughed through 16,000 different pieces of classical, rock and jazz music.

- He used to watch body building videos and plough through a daily diet of a dozen eggs and four pints of milk.

PHR-V: no passive (AM) plow

2. plough through ploughs through; ploughing through; ploughed through
If someone ploughs through a place or if a ship ploughs through water, they move through it, especially with great effort.

- Mr. Dambar watched her plough through the grass.

- The ship ploughed through the waves.

PHR-V: no passive (AM) plow

3. plough through ploughs through; ploughing through; ploughed through
If a vehicle or a missile ploughs through something, it goes violently or carelessly through it as though it is out of control.

- The car ploughed through three gardens and flattened a tree.

PHR-V: no passive (AM) plow

plough up **

plough up ploughs up; ploughing up; ploughed up
If someone ploughs up an area of land, they plough it, usually in order to turn it into land used for growing crops.

- It would pay farmers to plough up the scrub and plant wheat.

PHR-V (AM) plow

ploughman

[ˈplaumən]

n.

农夫,犁田者

ploughman

ploughman ploughmen
A ploughman is a man whose job it is to plough the land, especially with a plough pulled by horses or oxen.
N-COUNT

ploughman's lunch

ploughman's lunch ploughman's lunches
A ploughman's lunch or a ploughman's is a meal consisting of bread, cheese, salad, and pickle, usually eaten in a pub. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

ploughshare

[ˈplauʃeə]

n.

(犁)铧,铧头

ploughshare

ploughshare
If you say that swords have been turned into ploughshares or beaten into ploughshares , you mean that a state of conflict between two or more groups of people has ended and a period of peace has begun. (JOURNALISM)
PHR: V inflects (AM) plowshare

plover

[D.J.:ˈplʌvə]

[K.K.:ˈplʌvɚ, ˈplovɚ]

n.

珩,珩科鸟(如凤头麦鸡)

plover *

plover plovers
A plover is a bird with a rounded body, a short tail, and a short beak that is found by the sea or by lakes.
N-COUNT

ploy

[D.J.:plɔɪ]

[K.K.:plɔɪ]

n.

策略,手法

ploy *

ploy ploys
A ploy is a way of behaving that someone plans carefully and secretly in order to gain an advantage for themselves.

- Christmas should be a time of excitement and wonder, not a cynical marketing ploy.

N-COUNT: oft adj N, N to-inf, N of -ing

ploy

noun

tactic

device

dodge

manoeuvre

move

ruse

scheme

stratagem

trick

wile

pluck

[D.J.:plʌk]

[K.K.:plʌk]

n.

勇气, 精神

vt.

采; 摘; 拔

弹, 拔

vi.

拉, 拽

plucking

[ˈplʌkiŋ]

n.

(水果,茶叶等)采摘

pluck *

1. pluck plucks plucking plucked
If you pluck a fruit, flower, or leaf, you take it between your fingers and pull it in order to remove it from its stalk where it is growing. (WRITTEN)

- I plucked a lemon from the tree.

- He plucked a stalk of dried fennel.

VB

2. pluck plucks plucking plucked
If you pluck something from somewhere, you take it between your fingers and pull it sharply from where it is. (WRITTEN)

- He plucked the cigarette from his mouth and tossed it out into the street.

- He plucked the baby out of my arms.

- He plucks Brazil nuts off the ground and tosses them into the basket.

VB

3. pluck plucks plucking plucked
If you pluck a guitar or other musical instrument, you pull the strings with your fingers and let them go, so that they make a sound.

- Nell was plucking a harp.

VB

4. pluck plucks plucking plucked
If you pluck a chicken or other dead bird, you pull its feathers out to prepare it for cooking.

- She looked relaxed as she plucked a chicken.

VB

5. pluck plucks plucking plucked
If a woman plucks her eyebrows , she pulls out some of the hairs using tweezers.

- You've plucked your eyebrows at last!

VB

6. pluck plucks plucking plucked
If someone unknown is given an important job or role and quickly becomes famous because of it, you can say that they have been plucked from obscurity or plucked from an unimportant position. (WRITTEN)

- She was plucked from the corps de ballet in her first season at the Birmingham Royal Ballet to take on Juliet.

- The New York agency plucked Naomi from obscurity as a shop assistant in south London, and turned her into one of the world's top models.

VB: usu passive

7. pluck plucks plucking plucked
If someone is rescued from a dangerous situation, you can say that they are plucked from it or are plucked to safety .

- A workman was plucked from the roof of a burning power station by a police helicopter last night.

- Ten fishermen were plucked to safety from life-rafts yesterday.

VB: usu passive

8. pluck
If you say that someone has pluck , you mean that they show courage and determination when they are in a difficult or frightening situation.

- Little companies are known for their pluck and perseverance, even in the face of a recession.

N-UNCOUNT approval
= courage spirit

9. pluck
If you pluck up the courage to do something that you feel nervous about, you make an effort to be brave enough to do it.

- It took me about two hours to pluck up courage to call.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR to-inf

10. pluck
If you say that someone plucks a figure, name, or date out of the air , you mean that they say it without thinking much about it before they speak.

- Accurate valuations are becoming almost impossible to make. Numbers are simply being plucked out of the air.

PHR: V inflects

pluck

verb

1.

pull out or off

collect

draw

gather

harvest

pick

2.

tug

catch

clutch

jerk

pull at

snatch

tweak

yank

3.

strum

finger

pick

twang

noun

4.

courage

backbone

boldness

bottle Brit. slang

bravery

grit

guts informal

nerve

pluck at *

pluck at plucks at; plucking at; plucked at
If you pluck at something, you take it between your fingers and pull it sharply but gently.

- The boy plucked at Adam's sleeve.

PHR-V

pluckily

adv.

有勇气地,大胆地

plucky

[D.J.:ˈplʌki:]

[K.K.:ˈplʌki]

adj.

(尤指成功的希望渺茫时仍)勇敢的,坚决的

pluckily

adv.

pluckiness

n.

plucky

plucky
If someone, for example a sick child, is described as plucky , it means that although they are weak, they face their difficulties with courage. (JOURNALISM)

- The plucky schoolgirl amazed doctors at Newcastle's Freeman Hospital by hanging on to life for nearly two months.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

plucky

adjective

courageous

bold

brave

daring

game

gutsy slang

have-a-go informal

intrepid

plug

[D.J.:plʌɡ]

[K.K.:plʌɡ]

n.

插头, 插座

塞子, 栓

vt. & vi.

插上插头

vt.

以(塞子)塞住

plugged

[ˈplʌɡid]

adj.

塞紧的

plugging

[ˈplʌɡiŋ]

n.

(用木塞)堵漏

plug **

1. plug plugs
A plug on a piece of electrical equipment is a small plastic object with two or three metal pins which fit into the holes of an electric socket and connects the equipment to the electricity supply.
N-COUNT

2. plug plugs
A plug is an electric socket. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

3. plug plugs
A plug is a thick, circular piece of rubber or plastic that you use to block the hole in a bath or sink when it is filled with water.

- She put the plug in the sink and filled it with cold water.

N-COUNT

4. plug plugs
A plug is a small, round piece of wood, plastic, or wax which is used to block holes.

- A plug had been inserted in the drill hole.

N-COUNT

5. plug plugs plugging plugged
If you plug a hole, you block it with something.

- Crews are working to plug a major oil leak.

VB

6. plug plugs plugging plugged
If someone plugs a commercial product, especially a book or a film, they praise it in order to encourage people to buy it or see it because they have an interest in it doing well.

- We did not want people on the show who are purely interested in plugging a book or film.

VB
= promote

7. plug plugs
Also a noun.

- Let's do this show tonight and it'll be a great plug, a great promotion.

N-COUNT

8. plug
If someone in a position of power pulls the plug on a project or on someone's activities, they use their power to stop them continuing.

- The banks have the power to pull the plug on the project.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR on n

plug

noun

1.

stopper

bung

cork

spigot

2.

mention

advert Brit. informal

advertisement

hype

publicity

push

verb

3.

seal

block

bung

close

cork

fill

pack

stop

stopper

stop up

stuff

4.

mention

advertise

build up

hype

promote

publicize

push

plug away

5.

slog

grind informal

labour

peg away

plod

toil

plug away **

plug away plugs away; plugging away; plugged away
If you plug away , you keep trying very hard to do something or achieve something even though you find it difficult.

- My confidence is still there and I'll just keep plugging away.

PHR-V

plug in, plug into **

1. plug in plugs in; plugging in; plugged in
If you plug a piece of electrical equipment into an electricity supply or if you plug it in , you push its plug into an electric socket so that it can work.

- They plugged in their tape-recorders.

- I filled the kettle while she was talking and plugged it in.

- He took the machine from its bag and plugged it into the wall socket.

- Some barbecues can be plugged into a household electricity supply.

PHR-V

2. plug in plugs in; plugging in; plugged in
If you plug one piece of electrical equipment into another or if you plug it in , you make it work by connecting the two.

- They plugged their guitars into amplifiers.

- He plugged in his guitar.

PHR-V

3. plug in plugs in; plugging in; plugged in
If one piece of electrical equipment plugs in or plugs into another piece of electrical equipment, it works by being connected by an electrical cord or lead to an electricity supply or to the other piece of equipment.

- A CD-I deck looks like a video recorder and plugs into the home television and stereo system.

- They plug into the mains.

- They've found out where the other speaker plugs in.

PHR-V

4. plug in plugs in; plugging in; plugged in
If you plug something into a hole, you push it into the hole.

- Her instructor plugged live bullets into the gun's chamber.

PHR-V

plug into **

1. plug into plugs into; plugging into; plugged into
If you plug into a computer system, you are able to use it or see the information stored on it.

- It is possible to plug into remote databases to pick up information.

PHR-V

2. plug into plugs into; plugging into; plugged into
If you plug into a group of people or their ideas, you find out about them and try to understand them. (INFORMAL)

- The Centre for European Policy Studies is plugged into the thinking of the people who matter.

PHR-V

plughole

插孔;(压载水柜)放水孔;密封采空区的密封孔道

plughole

1. plughole plugholes
A plughole is a small hole in a bath or sink which allows the water to flow away and into which you can put a plug. (BRIT; in AM use drain )
N-COUNT

2. plughole
If you say that something has gone down the plughole , you mean that it has failed or has been lost or wasted. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use down the drain )

- Millions of pounds have gone down the plughole.

- Germans worry that their economy is going down the plughole.

PHR: V inflects
= down the drain

plug-in

[D.J.:ˈplʌgˌɪn]

[K.K.:ˈplʌɡˌɪn]

n.

插件程序

plug-in

1. plug-in
A plug-in machine is a piece of electrical equipment that is operated by being connected to an electricity supply or to another piece of electrical equipment by means of a plug.

- ...a plug-in radio.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. plug-in plug-ins
A plug-in is something such as a piece of software that can be added to a computer system to give extra features or functions.

- ...a plug-in memory card.

- ...plug-in software modules.

N-COUNT: oft N n

plum

[D.J.:plʌm]

[K.K.:plʌm]

n.

李子; 李子树

理想之物(尤指高薪的职位)

plum *

1. plum plums
A plum is a small, sweet fruit with a smooth red or yellow skin and a stone in the middle.
N-COUNT

2. plum plums
Something that is plum or plum-coloured is a dark reddish-purple colour.

- ...plum-coloured silk.

COLOUR

3. plum
A plum job, contract, or role is a very good one that a lot of people would like. (JOURNALISM)

- Laura landed a plum job with a smart art gallery.

ADJ: ADJ n

plum

adjective Informal

choice

best

first-class

prize

plumage

[D.J.:ˈplu:mɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈplumɪdʒ]

n.

鸟类的羽毛

plumage *

plumage
A bird's plumage is all the feathers on its body.
N-UNCOUNT

plumb

[D.J.:plʌm]

[K.K.:plʌm]

n.

铅锤, 测锤

adv.

恰恰, 正

垂直地

adj.

垂直的

vt.

用铅垂线校正

(为建筑物等)敷设管道

当管子工

用铅锤测量

经历, 经受(极端强烈的感情)

探究, 探索

plumb the depths of sth

陷入…的深渊；到了…的极点

plumbed

铅垂的

plumbing

[D.J.:ˈplʌmɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈplʌmɪŋ]

n.

装修水管的工作

(建筑物内的)水管装置

plumb *

1. plumb plumbs plumbing plumbed
If you plumb something mysterious or difficult to understand, you succeed in understanding it. (LITERARY)

- She never abandoned her attempts to plumb my innermost emotions.

- Magda had plumbed her own heart for answers.

VB
= fathom

2. plumb
If something is plumb in a particular place, it is exactly in that place. (INFORMAL)

- The hotel is set plumb in the middle of the high street.

- Grenville took another wallop plumb on the jaw.

ADV: ADV prep
= right

3. plumb plumbs plumbing plumbed
When someone plumbs a building, they put in all the pipes for carrying water.

- She learned to wire and plumb the house herself.

VB

4. plumb
Plumb is used to give emphasis to an adjective or verb that describes a feeling or condition. (AM, SPOKEN, INFORMAL)

- I find I'm plumb depressed by it.

- This thing has plumb worn me out.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v emphasis

5. plumb
If someone plumbs the depths of an unpleasant emotion or quality, they experience it or show it to an extreme degree.

- They frequently plumb the depths of loneliness, humiliation and despair.

- Is this the first of many questions that will plumb the depths of stupidity?

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR of n

6. plumb
If you say that something plumbs new depths , you mean that it is worse than all the things of its kind that have existed before, even though some of them have been very bad.

- Relations between the two countries have plumbed new depths.

- Last night's harrowing television pictures plumbed new depths of depravity.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR of n

plumbing *

1. plumbing
The plumbing in a building consists of the water and drainage pipes, baths, and toilets in it.

- The electrics and the plumbing were sound but everything else had to be cleaned up.

N-UNCOUNT

2. plumbing
Plumbing is the work of connecting and repairing things such as water and drainage pipes, baths, and toilets.

- She learned the rudiments of brick-laying, wiring and plumbing.

N-UNCOUNT

plumb

verb

1.

delve

explore

fathom

gauge

go into

penetrate

probe

unravel

noun

2.

weight

lead

plumb bob

plummet

adverb

3.

exactly

bang

precisely

slap

spot-on Brit. informal

plumb in *

plumb in plumbs in; plumbing in; plumbed in
When someone plumbs in a device such as a washing machine, toilet, or bath, they connect it to the water and waste pipes in a building. (BRIT)

- Please come and plumb in my new central heating system.

- He had a washing machine plumbed in.

PHR-V

plumber

[D.J.:ˈplʌmə]

[K.K.:ˈplʌmɚ]

n.

管子工

plumber *

plumber plumbers
A plumber is a person whose job is to connect and repair things such as water and drainage pipes, baths, and toilets.
N-COUNT

plumb line

plumb line plumb lines
A plumb line is a piece of string with a weight attached to the end that is used to check that something such as a wall is vertical or that it slopes at the correct angle.
N-COUNT

plume

[D.J.:plu:m]

[K.K.:plum]

n.

羽毛; 羽毛饰; 羽毛状物

升上空中的羽状物

vt.

(指鸟)整理羽毛

(为某事)自喜, 自豪

plume *

1. plume plumes
A plume of smoke, dust, fire, or water is a large quantity of it that rises into the air in a column.

- The rising plume of black smoke could be seen all over Kabul.

- ...the volcano's towering ash plume.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

2. plume plumes
A plume is a large, soft bird's feather.

- ...broad straw hats decorated with ostrich plumes.

N-COUNT

3. plume plumes
A plume is a bunch of long, thin pieces of material which is used to decorate something such as a soldier's helmet.
N-COUNT

plume

noun

feather

crest

pinion

quill

plumed

[plu:md]

adj.

饰有羽毛的

plumed

plumed
Plumed means decorated with a plume or plumes.

- ...a young man wearing a plumed hat...

- Three plumed horses entered.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

plummet

[D.J.:ˈplʌmɪt]

[K.K.:ˈplʌmɪt]

vi.

垂直落下, 骤然跌落

plummet *

plummet plummets plummeting plummeted
If an amount, rate, or price plummets , it decreases quickly by a large amount. (JOURNALISM)

- In Tokyo share prices have plummeted for the sixth successive day.

- The Prime Minister's popularity has plummeted to an all-time low in recent weeks.

- The shares have plummeted from 130p to 2.25p in the past year.

VB
= tumble plunge

plummet

verb

plunge

crash

descend

dive

drop down

fall

nose-dive

tumble

plummy

[D.J.:ˈplʌmi]

[K.K.:ˈplʌmi]

adj.

李子似的,多葡萄干的,好的,有利的

plummy

plummy
If you say that someone has a plummy voice or accent , you mean that they sound very upper-class. You usually use plummy to criticize the way someone speaks. (BRIT)

- ...those precious, plummy-voiced radio announcers.

- ...a plummy accent.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

plump

[D.J.:plʌmp]

[K.K.:plʌmp]

adj.

(指动物、人)圆胖的; 丰满的

adv.

突然; 猛地一下子

vt. & vi.

(使)圆胖, (使)鼓起, (使)丰满

(使)突然沉重地落下

有信心地选择, 投票赞成

plumper

n.

含在嘴里的东西,猛跌

plump *

1. plump plumper plumpest
You can describe someone or something as plump to indicate that they are rather fat or rounded, usually when you think this is a good quality.

- Maria was a pretty little thing, small and plump with a mass of curly hair.

- He pushed a plump little hand towards me.

- ...red pears, ripe peaches and plump nectarines.

ADJ-GRADED approval

2. plumpness

- There was a sturdy plumpness about her hips.

N-UNCOUNT

3. plump plumps plumping plumped
If you plump a pillow or cushion , you shake it and hit it gently so that it goes back into a rounded shape.

- She panics when people pop in unexpectedly, rushing round plumping cushions.

VB

4. plump up; plumps up; plumping up; plumped up
Plump up means the same as plump .

- `You need to rest,' she told her reassuringly as she moved to plump up her pillows.

PHR-V

5. plump plumps plumping plumped
If you plump for someone or something, you choose them, often after hesitating or thinking carefully. (mainly BRIT)

- I think Tessa should play it safe and plump for Malcolm, her long-suffering admirer.

VB

plump

adjective

chubby

corpulent

dumpy

fat

podgy

roly-poly

rotund

round

stout

tubby

plum pudding

plum pudding plum puddings
Plum pudding is a special pudding eaten at Christmas which is made with dried fruit, spices, and suet. (AM; ALSO BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT
= Christmas pudding

plum tomato

plum tomato plum tomatoes
Plum tomatoes are long egg-shaped tomatoes.
N-VAR

plunder

[D.J.:ˈplʌndə]

[K.K.:ˈplʌndɚ]

vt. & vi.

掠夺; 抢劫

n.

掠夺(物)

赃物

plunder *

1. plunder plunders plundering plundered
If someone plunders a place or plunders things from a place, they steal things from it. (LITERARY)

- They plundered and burned the market town of Leominster.

- She faces charges of helping to plunder her country's treasury of billions of dollars.

- This has been done by plundering £4 billion from the Government reserves.

VB
= loot

2. plunder
Also a noun.

- ...a guerrilla group infamous for torture and plunder.

N-UNCOUNT

3. plunder
Plunder is property that is stolen. (LITERARY)

- The thieves are often armed and in some cases have killed for their plunder.

N-UNCOUNT

plunder

verb

1.

loot

pillage

raid

ransack

rifle

rob

sack

strip

noun

2.

loot

booty

ill-gotten gains

pillage

prize

spoils

swag slang

plunge

[D.J.:plʌndʒ]

[K.K.:plʌndʒ]

vi.

颠簸

vt. & vi.

(使)陷入

n.

投身入水

猛跌, 骤降

plunging

[ˈplʌndʒiŋ]

adj.

跳进的,突进的

plunge ***

1. plunge plunges plunging plunged
If something or someone plunges in a particular direction, especially into water, they fall, rush, or throw themselves in that direction.

- At least 50 people died when a bus plunged into a river.

- He ran down the steps to the pool terrace and plunged in.

VB

2. plunge plunges
Also a noun.

- ...a plunge into cold water.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. plunge plunges plunging plunged
If you plunge an object into something, you push it quickly or violently into it.

- A soldier plunged a bayonet into his body.

- She plunged her face into a bowl of cold water.

- I plunged in my knife and fork.

VB
= thrust

4. plunge plunges plunging plunged
If a person or thing is plunged into a particular state or situation, or if they plunge into it, they are suddenly in that state or situation.

- The government's political and economic reforms threaten to plunge the country into chaos.

- 8,000 homes were plunged into darkness as electricity cables crashed down.

- Eddy finds himself plunged into a world of brutal violence.

- The economy is plunging into recession.

V-ERG

5. plunge plunges
Also a noun.

- That peace often looked like a brief truce before the next plunge into war.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N into n

6. plunge plunges plunging plunged
If you plunge into an activity or are plunged into it, you suddenly get very involved in it.

- The two men plunged into discussion.

- The prince should be plunged into work.

- Take the opportunity to plunge yourself into your career.

V-ERG

7. plunge plunges
Also a noun.

- His sudden plunge into the field of international diplomacy is a major surprise.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N into n

8. plunge plunges plunging plunged
If an amount or rate plunges , it decreases quickly and suddenly.

- His weight began to plunge.

- The Pound plunged to a new low on the foreign exchange markets yesterday.

- Shares have plunged from £17 to £7.55.

- The bank's profits plunged by 87 per cent.

- Its net profits plunged 73% last year.

VB
= plummet

9. plunge plunges
Also a noun.

- Japan's banks are in trouble because of bad loans and the stock market plunge.

N-COUNT

10. plunge
If you take the plunge , you decide to do something that you consider difficult or risky.

- If you have been thinking about buying shares, now could be the time to take the plunge.

PHR: V inflects

plunging

plunging
A dress or blouse with a plunging neckline is cut in a very low V-shape at the front.
ADJ: ADJ n

plunge

verb

1.

throw

cast

pitch

2.

hurtle

career

charge

dash

jump

rush

tear

3.

descend

dip

dive

drop

fall

nose-dive

plummet

sink

tumble

noun

4.

dive

descent

drop

fall

jump

plunger

[D.J.:ˈplʌndʒə]

[K.K.:ˈplʌndʒɚ]

n.

橡胶吸盘, 搋子

活塞, 柱塞

plunger *

plunger plungers
A plunger is a device for clearing waste pipes. It consists of a rubber cup on the end of a stick which you press down several times over the end of the pipe.
N-COUNT

plunk

[D.J.:plʌŋk]

[K.K.:plʌŋk]

vt. & vi.

(使)(发出扑嗵声地)重重掉下

n.

(物体落下)扑嗵声

plunk

1. plunk plunks plunking plunked
If you plunk something somewhere, you put it there without great care. (INFORMAL) (AM; in BRIT use plonk )

- Melanie plunked her cosmetic case down on a chair.

- She swept up a hat from where it had fallen on the ground, and plunked it on her hair.

VB

2. plunk plunks plunking plunked
If you plunk yourself somewhere, or plunk down , you sit down heavily and clumsily. (INFORMAL) (AM; in BRIT use plonk )

- I watched them go and plunked down on one of the small metal chairs.

VB

pluperfect

[D.J.:ˈplu:ˈpə:fikt]

[K.K.:pluˈpɚfɪkt]

n.

过去完成时

adj.

过去完成时的

pluperfect

pluperfect
The pluperfect is the same as the past perfect .
N-SING: the N

pluralism

[D.J.:ˈplʊərəˌlɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈplʊrəˌlɪzəm]

n.

多元主义, 多元文化

(尤指在教会中的)兼职, 兼任

pluralism *

pluralism
If there is pluralism within a society, it has many different groups and political parties. (FORMAL)

- ...as the country shifts towards political pluralism.

N-UNCOUNT

pluralist

[D.J.:ˈpluərəlist]

[K.K.:ˈplʊrəlɪst]

n.

兼管数个教堂者,兼职者

pluralist *

pluralist
A pluralist society is one in which many different groups and political parties are allowed to exist. (FORMAL)

- ...an attempt to create a pluralist democracy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= pluralistic

pluralistic

[D.J.:ˌploɔrəˈlɪstɪk]

[K.K.:ˌploɑrəˈlɪstɪk]

adj.

兼职的

多元论的；多元化的

pluralistic

pluralistic
Pluralistic means the same as pluralist . (FORMAL)

- Our objective is a free, open and pluralistic society.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

plurality

[D.J.:pluəˈræliti]

[K.K.:plʊˈrælɪti]

n.

处于多数

多元化, 多重性

诸多, 众多

(选举中的)相对多数(票)

plurality

1. plurality
If there is a plurality of things, a number of them exist. (FORMAL)

- Federalism implies a plurality of political authorities, each with its own powers.

QUANT-PL

2. plurality
If a candidate, political party, or idea has the support of a plurality of people, they have more support than any other candidate, party, or idea. (FORMAL)

- The Conservative party retained a plurality of the votes.

- 35% of the population, a plurality, believed that the economic reforms would result in only insignificant change.

QUANT-PL

3. plurality pluralities
A plurality in an election is the number of votes that the winner gets, when this is less than the total number of votes for all the other candidates. (AM)

- He only got a plurality on November 3rd, just 49 percent.

N-COUNT

4. plurality pluralities
A plurality in an election is the difference in the number of votes between the candidate who gets the most votes and the candidate who comes second. (AM)

- Franklin had won with a plurality in electoral votes of 449 to 82.

N-COUNT
= majority

plus

[D.J.:plʌs]

[K.K.:plʌs]

prep.

(表示包容)外加; 另有

(表示运算)加, 加上

(表示数目)在零(度)以上, 正

n.

加号, 正号

adj.

正的

比所示数量多的

附加的, 称心的, 有利的

plus ****

1. plus
You say plus to show that one number or quantity is being added to another.

- Send a cheque for £18.99 plus £2 for postage and packing.

- They will pay about $673 million plus interest.

CONJ-COORD
≠ minus

2. plus
Plus before a number or quantity means that the number or quantity is greater than zero.

- The aircraft was subjected to temperatures of minus 65 degrees and plus 120 degrees.

ADJ: ADJ amount
≠ minus

plus or minus : see minus .

3. plus
You can use plus when mentioning an additional item or fact. (INFORMAL)

- There's easily enough room for two adults and three children, plus a dog in the boot.

- We had to have an actor who could generate real empathy. Plus he had to carry the audience through a lot of plot.

CONJ-COORD
= and

4. plus
You use plus after a number or quantity to indicate that the actual number or quantity is greater than the one mentioned.

- There are only 35 staff to serve 30,000-plus customers.

- Among the guests were 16 high-flying executives, all on salaries of £50,000 a year plus.

ADJ: amount ADJ

5. plus
Teachers use plus in grading work in schools and colleges. `B plus' is a better grade than `B', but it is not as good as `A'.

≠ minus

6. plus pluses or plusses
A plus is an advantage or benefit. (INFORMAL)

- Experience of any career in sales is a big plus.

- There are plenty of plus points about being an older first-time mum.

N-COUNT
≠ drawback minus

plus

preposition

1.

and

added to

coupled with

with

adjective

2.

additional

added

add-on

extra

supplementary

noun

3.

advantage

asset

benefit

bonus

extra

gain

good point

plus-fours

plus-fours
Plus-fours are short wide trousers fastened below the knees which people used to wear when hunting or playing golf. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N also plus fours .

plush

[D.J.:plʌʃ]

[K.K.:plʌʃ]

adj.

豪华的;舒适的;高级的

n.

长绒棉

plushly

adv.

漂亮地;舒服地

plush *

1. plush plusher plushest
If you describe something as plush , you mean that it is very smart, comfortable, or expensive.

- ...a plush, four-storey, Georgian house in Mayfair.

- ...one of the plushest posts in US diplomacy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. plush
Plush is a thick soft material like velvet, used especially for carpets and to cover furniture.

- All the seats were in red plush.

N-UNCOUNT

plush

adjective Informal

luxurious

de luxe

lavish

luxury

opulent

rich

sumptuous

plus sign

plus sign plus signs
A plus sign is the sign + which is put between two numbers in order to show that the second number is being added to the first. It can also be put before a number to show that the number is greater than zero +3, and after a number to indicate a number that is more than a minimum number or amount 18+.
N-COUNT

plutocracy

[D.J.:plu:ˈtɔkrəsi:]

[K.K.:pluˈtɑkrəsi]

n.

富豪统治,财阀统治

富豪〔财阀〕统治集团,富豪,财阀

plutocracy

plutocracy plutocracies
A plutocracy is a country which is ruled by its wealthiest people, or a class of wealthy people who rule a country. (FORMAL)

- Financial, not moral, considerations will prevail in a plutocracy.

N-COUNT

plutocrat

[ˈplu:təkræt]

n.

富豪,财阀

plutocrat

plutocrat plutocrats
If you describe someone as a plutocrat , you disapprove of them because you believe they are powerful only because they are rich. (FORMAL)

- He proclaimed his fellow-feeling with workers, and denounced plutocrats and the idle rich in terms which caused them alarm.

N-COUNT disapproval

plutonium

[D.J.:plu:ˈtəʊni:əm]

[K.K.:pluˈtoniəm]

n.

<化>(尤指用于生产原子能的)钚

plutonium *

plutonium
Plutonium is a radioactive element used especially in nuclear weapons and as a fuel in nuclear power stations.
N-UNCOUNT

ply

[D.J.:plaɪ]

[K.K.:plaɪ]

vt. & vi.

使用(工具)

固定往来

经营生意

经常供应(食物、饮料), 不断提出(质问), 经常提供(消息等)

ply with

持续大量提供(食物和饮料)

不停地提问

n.

(毛线、绳等的)股

(夹板的)层片

plying

通过

ply *

1. ply plies plying plied
If you ply someone with food or drink, you keep giving them more of it.

- Elsie, who had been told that Maria wasn't well, plied her with food.

- The poor priest was plied with drink at a dinner party.

VB

2. ply plies plying plied
If you ply someone with questions, you keep asking them questions.

- Giovanni plied him with questions and comments with the deliberate intention of prolonging his stay.

VB

3. ply plies plying plied
If you ply a trade, you do a particular kind of work regularly as your job, especially a kind of work that involves trying to sell goods or services to people outdoors.

- ...the market traders noisily plying their wares...

- It's illegal for unmarked mini-cabs to ply for hire.

VB

4. ply plies plying plied
If a ship, aircraft, or vehicle plies a route, it makes regular journeys along that route.

- Eighteen boats plied the 1,000 miles of river along a trading route.

- The brightly-coloured boats ply between the islands.

VB

ply

verb

1.

work at

carry on

exercise

follow

practise

pursue

2.

use

employ

handle

manipulate

wield

-ply

-ply
You use -ply after a number to indicate how many pieces are twisted together to make a type of wool, thread, or rope.

- You need 3 balls of any 4-ply knitting wool.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

plywood

[D.J.:ˈplaɪˌwʊd]

[K.K.:ˈplaɪˌwʊd]

n.

胶合板,合板,夹板

plywood *

plywood
Plywood is wood that consists of thin layers of wood stuck together.

- ...a sheet of plywood.

N-UNCOUNT

PM

abbr.

Prime Minister首相,总理

PM ***

PM PMs
The PM is an abbreviation for the Prime Minister . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The reform will help meet the PM's pledge to make life better for the poorest families.

N-COUNT: the N

p.m.

[D.J.:ˈpi:ˈem]

[K.K.:ˈpiˈ ɛm]

abbr.

=<拉>post meridiem 下午

pm. **

p.m
p.m. is used after a number to show that you are referring to a particular time between 12 noon and 12 midnight. Compare a.m.

- The spa is open from 7:00 am to 9:00 pm every day of the year.

ADV: num ADV also pm .

PMS

abbr.

Pre-Menstrual Syndrome 月经前不快症状

PMS

abbr.

Pre-Menstrual Syndrome 月经前不快症状

PMS *

PMS
PMS is an abbreviation for premenstrual syndrome .
N-UNCOUNT

PMT

abbr.

Pre-Menstrual Tension 月经前的紧张

PMT

abbr.

Pre-Menstrual Tension 月经前的紧张

PMT

PMT
PMT is an abbreviation for premenstrual tension . (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

pneumatic

[D.J.:nu:ˈmætɪk, nju:-]

[K.K.:nuˈmætɪk, nju-]

adj.

充气的

由压缩空气操作〔推动〕的,风动的

pneumatic

1. pneumatic
A pneumatic drill is operated by air under pressure and is very powerful. Pneumatic drills are often used for digging up roads.

- ...the sound of a pneumatic drill hammering away.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. pneumatic
Pneumatic means filled with air.

- Use a bicycle pump to keep the pneumatic tyres full of air.

ADJ: ADJ n

pneumonia

[D.J.:nju:ˈməunjə]

[K.K.:nʊˈmonjə, njʊ-]

n.

〈医〉肺炎

pneumonia *

pneumonia
Pneumonia is a serious disease which affects your lungs and makes it difficult for you to breathe.

- She nearly died of pneumonia.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

PO

abbr.

postal order 邮政汇票

post office 邮局

PO

abbr.

postal order 邮政汇票

post office 邮局

PO

PO
PO is an abbreviation for Post Office or postal order .
also P.O.

poach

[D.J.:pəʊtʃ]

[K.K.:potʃ]

vt.

水煮(荷包蛋)

vt. & vi.

侵入他人地界偷猎

poacher

[D.J.:ˈpəʊtʃə]

[K.K.:ˈpotʃɚ]

n.

煮蛋用的锅;蒸锅

侵入他人地界者

偷猎者;非法捕鱼者

poacher turned gamekeeper

偷猎者成了猎物保护人；角色易位的人；当年造反今天掌权的人

poaching

偷猎

poach *

1. poach poaches poaching poached
If someone poaches fish, animals, or birds, they illegally catch them on someone else's property.

- Many national parks set up to provide a refuge for wildlife are regularly invaded by people poaching game.

VB

2. poacher poachers

- Security cameras have been installed to guard against poachers.

N-COUNT

3. poaching

- The poaching of elephants for their tusks could start to decline soon.

N-UNCOUNT

4. poach poaches poaching poached
If an organization poaches members or customers from another organization, they secretly or dishonestly persuade them to join them or become their customers.

- The company authorised its staff to poach customers and instigate dirty tricks against the opposition.

- ...allegations that it had poached members from other unions.

VB
= steal

5. poaching

- The union was accused of poaching.

N-UNCOUNT

6. poach poaches poaching poached
If someone poaches an idea, they dishonestly or illegally use the idea.

- The opposition parties have complained that the government has poached many of their ideas.

VB
= steal

7. poach poaches poaching poached
When you poach an egg , you cook it gently in boiling water without its shell.

- Poach the eggs for 4 minutes.

- He had a light breakfast of poached eggs and tea.

VB

8. poach poaches poaching poached
If you poach food such as fish, you cook it gently in boiling water, milk, or other liquid.

- Poach the chicken until just cooked.

- ...a pear poached in red wine...

- The main course was to be a whole poached salmon.

VB

9. poaching

- You will need a pot of broth for poaching.

N-UNCOUNT

poach

verb

encroach

appropriate

infringe

intrude

trespass

PO Box **

PO Box
PO Box is used before a number as a kind of address. The Post Office keeps letters addressed to the PO Box until they are collected by the person who has paid for the service.
also P.O Box .

pocked

pocked
Pocked means the same as pockmarked .

- ...a bus pocked with bullet holes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n

pocket

[D.J.:ˈpɔkit]

[K.K.:ˈpɑkɪt]

n.

袋, 口袋

vt.

把…装入袋内

侵吞, 盗用

adj.

袖珍的; 小型的

pocketing

做口袋的各种布料

pocket ***

1. pocket pockets
A pocket is a kind of small bag which forms part of a piece of clothing, and which is used for carrying small things such as money or a handkerchief.

- He took his flashlight from his jacket pocket and switched it on.

- The man stood with his hands in his pockets.

N-COUNT: oft poss N, n N

2. pocket pockets
You can use pocket in a lot of different ways to refer to money that people have, get, or spend. For example, if someone gives or pays a lot of money, you can say that they dig deep into their pocket . If you approve of something because it is very cheap to buy, you can say that it suits people's pockets .

- When you come to choosing a dining table, it really is worth digging deep into your pocket for the best you can afford.

- ...ladies' fashions to suit all shapes, sizes and pockets...

- You would be buying a piece of history as well as a boat, if you put your hand in your pocket for this one.

- We don't believe that they have the economic reforms in place which would justify putting huge sums of Western money into their pockets.

N-COUNT

3. pocket
You use pocket to describe something that is small enough to fit into a pocket, often something that is a smaller version of a larger item.

- ...a pocket calculator.

- ...my pocket edition of the Oxford English Dictionary.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. pocket pockets
A pocket of something is a small area where something is happening, or a small area which has a particular quality, and which is different from the other areas around it.

- Trapped in a pocket of air, they had only 40 minutes before the tide flooded the chamber.

- The newly established government controls the bulk of the city apart from a few pockets of resistance.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

5. pocket pockets pocketing pocketed
If someone who is in possession of something valuable such as a sum of money pockets it, they steal it or take it for themselves, even though it does not belong to them.

- Dishonest importers would be able to pocket the VAT collected from customers.

VB

6. pocket pockets pocketing pocketed
If you say that someone pockets something such as a prize or sum of money, you mean that they win or obtain it, often without needing to make much effort or in a way that seems unfair. (JOURNALISM)

- He pocketed more money from this tournament than in his entire three years as a professional.

VB

7. pocket pockets pocketing pocketed
If someone pockets something, they put it in their pocket, for example because they want to steal it or hide it.

- Anthony snatched his letters and pocketed them.

- He pocketed a wallet containing £40 cash from the bedside of a dead man.

VB

8. pocket
If you say that some money is burning a hole in someone's pocket , you mean that they want to spend it as soon as possible.

- It's Saturday, you're down the high street and you've got a few quid burning a hole in your pocket.

PHR: V inflects

9. pocket
If you say that someone is in someone else's pocket , you disapprove of the fact that the first person is willing to do whatever the second person tells them, for example out of weakness or in return for money.

- The board of directors must surely have been in Johnstone's pocket.

PHR: usu v-link PHR disapproval

10. pocket
If you say that someone is lining their own or someone else's pockets , you disapprove of them because they are making money dishonestly or unfairly.

- It is estimated that 5,000 bank staff could be lining their own pockets from customer accounts.

- ...a government that ignores the needs of the majority in order to line the pockets of the favoured few.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

11. pocket
If you are out of pocket , you have less money than you should have or than you intended, for example because you have spent too much or because of a mistake.

- They were well out of pocket -- they had spent far more in Hollywood than he had earned.

- Statements with errors could still be going out, but customers who notify us will not be left out of pocket.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v
See also out-of-pocket .

12. pocket
If someone picks your pocket , they steal something from your pocket, usually without you noticing.

- They were more in danger of having their pockets picked than being shot at.

PHR: V and N inflect

pocket

noun

1.

pouch

bag

compartment

receptacle

sack

verb

2.

steal

appropriate

filch

lift informal

pilfer

purloin

take

adjective

3.

small

abridged

compact

concise

little

miniature

portable

pocketbook

[D.J.:ˈpɔkɪtˌbʊk]

[K.K.:ˈpɑkɪtˌbʊk]

n.

<美>必须花费的钱;资力, 财力

女用钱袋

皮夹; 皮包

小本子, 小笔记本

pocketbook

1. pocketbook pocketbooks
You can use pocketbook to refer to people's concerns about the money they have or hope to earn. (AM, JOURNALISM)

- People feel pinched in their pocketbooks and insecure about their futures.

- ...the voters' concerns over pocketbook issues.

N-COUNT

2. pocketbook pocketbooks
A pocketbook is a small bag which a woman uses to carry things such as her money and keys in when she goes out. (AM; in BRIT use handbag or bag )
N-COUNT

3. pocketbook pocketbooks
A pocketbook is a small flat folded case, usually made of leather or plastic, where you can keep banknotes and credit cards. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use wallet )
N-COUNT
= billfold wallet

pocket knife

pocket knife pocket knives
A pocket knife is a small knife with several blades which fold into the handle so that you can carry it around with you safely.
N-COUNT also pocketknife .
= penknife

pocket money *

1. pocket money
Pocket money is money which children are given by their parents, usually every week. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use allowance )

- We agreed to give her £6 a week pocket money.

N-UNCOUNT also pocket-money .

2. pocket money
Pocket money is a small amount of money which you earn, and which you can use for buying things that you want. (mainly BRIT)

- Volunteers receive £21 pocket money each week, accommodation and expenses.

N-UNCOUNT also pocket-money .

pocket-sized

pocket-sized
If you describe something as pocket-sized , you approve of it because it is small enough to fit in your pocket.

- ...a handy pocket-sized reference book.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also pocket-size . approval

pockmark

[D.J.:ˈpɔkmɑ:k]

[K.K.:ˈpɑkˌmɑrk]

n.

痘痕,麻子

pockmark

pockmark pockmarks
Pockmarks are small hollows on the surface of something.

- She has a poor complexion and pock marks on her forehead.

- The pockmarks made by her bullets are still on the wall.

N-COUNT: usu pl also pock mark .

pockmarked

[ˈpɔkmɑ:kt]

adj.

有痘疮的

pockmarked

pockmarked
If the surface of something is pockmarked , it has small hollow marks covering it.

- He had a pockmarked face.

- The living room is pockmarked with bullet holes.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n also pock-marked .
= pocked

pod

[D.J.:pɔd]

[K.K.:pɑd]

n.

豆荚

(飞机机翼下的)容器, 箱;吊舱

(宇宙飞船的)可分离舱

as like as (two) peas in a pod

简直是一个模子刻出来的；外表极为相似

vt.

把(豆等)剥出荚

pod *

pod pods
A pod is a seed container that grows on plants such as peas or beans.

- ...fresh peas in the pod.

- ...hot red pepper pods.

N-COUNT

pod

verb

shell

hull

husk

shuck

podgy

[ˈpɔdʒi]

adj.

矮胖的,短粗的

podgy

podgy
If you describe someone as podgy , you think that they are slightly fat. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use pudgy )
ADJ-GRADED

podgy

adjective

tubby

chubby

dumpy

fat

plump

roly-poly

rotund

stout

podiatrist

[pəuˈdaiətrist]

n.

足病医生

podiatrist

podiatrist podiatrists
A podiatrist is a person whose job is to treat and care for people's feet. Podiatrist is a more modern term for chiropodist .
N-COUNT

podiatry

[D.J.:pəˈdaɪətri:]

[K.K.:pəˈdaɪətri]

n.

<美>足部医疗

podiatry

podiatry
Podiatry is the professional care and treatment of people's feet. Podiatry is a more modern term for chiropody and also deals with correcting foot problems relating to the way people stand and walk.
N-UNCOUNT
= chiropody

podium

[D.J.:ˈpəʊdi:əm]

[K.K.:ˈpodiəm]

n.

表演台;讲台;乐队指挥台

podiums

裙房

podium *

podium podiums
A podium is a small platform on which someone stands in order to give a lecture or conduct an orchestra.
N-COUNT: usu sing
= dais

podium

noun

platform

dais

rostrum

stage

poem

[D.J.:ˈpəuim]

[K.K.:ˈpoəm]

n.

诗, 韵文

poem ***

poem poems
A poem is a piece of writing in which the words are chosen for their beauty and sound and are carefully arranged, often in short lines which rhyme.
N-COUNT

poem

noun

verse

lyric

ode

rhyme

song

sonnet

poet

[D.J.:ˈpəuit]

[K.K.:ˈpoɪt]

n.

诗人

poet ***

poet poets
A poet is a person who writes poems.

- He was a painter and poet.

N-COUNT

poet

noun

bard

lyricist

rhymer

versifier

poetess

[D.J.:ˈpəʊɪtɪs]

[K.K.:ˈpoɪtɪs]

n.

女诗人

poetess

poetess poetesses
A poetess is a female poet. Most female poets prefer to be called poets.
N-COUNT

poetic

[D.J.:pəʊˈetɪk]

[K.K.:poˈɛtɪk]

adj.

诗的,有诗意的,诗人的,诗人似的

poetic justice

应得的赏罚；善有善报，恶有恶报

poetically

adv.

有诗意地,用韵文

poetic *

1. poetic
Something that is poetic is very beautiful and expresses emotions in a sensitive or moving way.

- Nikolai Demidenko gave an exciting yet poetic performance.

ADJ-GRADED

2. poetically

- The speech was as poetically written as any he'd ever heard.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. poetic
Poetic means relating to poetry.

- There's a very rich poetic tradition in Gaelic.

ADJ

poetic

adjective

lyrical

elegiac

lyric

metrical

poetical

[D.J.:pəʊˈetɪkəl]

[K.K.:poˈɛtɪkəl]

adj.

似诗人的;诗一般的;韵文的

富有诗意的;具有想像力的

poetical

poetical
Poetical means the same as poetic .

- ...a work of real merit and genuine poetical feeling.

ADJ-GRADED

poetic justice

poetic justice
If you describe something bad that happens to someone as poetic justice , you mean that it is exactly what they deserve because of the things that that person has done.
N-UNCOUNT

poetic licence

poetic licence
If someone such as a writer or film director uses poetic licence , they break the usual rules of language or style, or they change the facts, in order to create a particular effect.

- All that stuff about catching giant fish was just a bit of poetic licence.

N-UNCOUNT

poet laureate

poet laureate poet laureates or poets laureate
The poet laureate is the official poet of a country. In Britain the poet laureate is paid by the government for the rest of their life. In the United States they are paid for a fixed period.
N-COUNT: usu the N

poetry

[D.J.:ˈpəuitri]

[K.K.:ˈpoɪtri]

n.

诗篇, 诗歌, 诗集

作诗法, 诗歌艺术

诗情, 诗意, 诗一般的美

poetry ***

1. poetry
Poems, considered as a form of literature, are referred to as poetry .

- ...Russian poetry...

- Lawrence Durrell wrote a great deal of poetry.

- Since when have you been interested in poetry?

N-UNCOUNT

2. poetry
You can describe something very beautiful as poetry .

- His music is purer poetry than a poem in words.

N-UNCOUNT

poetry

noun

verse

poems

rhyme

rhyming

po-faced

adj.

面无表情的,一本正经的

po-faced

po-faced
If you describe someone as po-faced , you think that they are being unnecessarily serious about something. (BRIT)

- Coltrane took a rather po-faced view of this.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

pogrom

[D.J.:ˈpɔɡrəm]

[K.K.:pəˈɡrɑm, ˈpoɡrəm]

n.

大屠杀

pogrom

pogrom pogroms
A pogrom is organized, official violence against a group of people for racial or religious reasons.

- ...a systematic and brutal pogrom against southern black Mauritanians.

N-COUNT
= massacre

poignancy

[D.J.:ˈpɔɪnjənsɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpɔɪnjənsɪ]

n.

辛辣

辛酸(事)

poignancy

poignancy
Poignancy is the quality that something has when it affects you deeply and makes you feel very sad.

- The fact that he had been talking to the victims only minutes before their deaths gave the tragedy greater poignancy.

- There is a certain poignancy about Eric.

N-UNCOUNT
= pathos

poignancy

noun

1.

sadness

emotion

feeling

pathos

sentiment

tenderness

2.

sharpness

bitterness

intensity

keenness

poignant

[D.J.:ˈpɔinənt]

[K.K.:ˈpɔɪnjənt]

adj.

伤心至极的; 辛酸的, 痛切的

令人心碎的, 深深打动人的; 强烈的, 深刻的

poignant *

1. poignant
Something that is poignant affects you deeply and makes you feel sadness or regret.

- ...a poignant combination of beautiful surroundings and tragic history.

- ...a poignant love story...

- Harry thought the sight of her was inexpressibly poignant.

ADJ-GRADED
= moving

2. poignantly

- Naomi's mothering experiences are poignantly described in her fiction.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

poignant

adjective

moving

bitter

distressing

heart-rending

intense

painful

pathetic

sad

touching

poinsettia

[D.J.:pɔinˈsetiə]

[K.K.:pɔɪnˈsɛtiə, -ˈsɛtə]

n.

猩猩木

poinsettia

poinsettia poinsettias
A poinsettia is a plant with groups of bright red or pink leaves that grows in Central and South America. Poinsettias are very popular in Britain and the United States, especially at Christmas.
N-COUNT

point

[D.J.:pɔint]

[K.K.:pɔɪnt]

n.

要点, 论点, 观点

尖端; 尖儿

点; 小数点

(某一)时刻; (某一)地点

分数, 得分

目的, 意图

条款; 细目

vt.

削尖

增强

vt. & vi.

指; 指向

pointed

[D.J.:ˈpɔɪntɪd]

[K.K.:ˈpɔɪntɪd]

adj.

尖的

明显的,直截了当的

(言语)尖锐的;犀利的

pointedly

adv.

尖地;明显地

pointedness

n.

尖角;尖锐

pointedly

[D.J.:ˈp ɔɪntɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈp ɔɪntɪdlɪ]

adv.

尖锐地

指向地

强调地

pointing

[D.J.:ˈpɔintiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpɔɪntɪŋ]

n.

弄尖,指示

points

[pɔints]

n.

〈英〉(铁道的)道岔，转辙器

point *****

1. point points
You use point to refer to something that someone has said or written.

- We disagree with every point Mr Blunkett makes.

- Dave Hill's article makes the right point about the Taylor Report.

- The following tale will clearly illustrate this point.

N-COUNT

2. point
If you say that someone has a point , or if you take their point , you mean that you accept that what they have said is important and should be considered.

- `If he'd already killed once, surely he'd have killed Sarah?' She had a point there.

- Oh I take your point, John, about that.

N-SING: a N, poss N

3. point
The point of what you are saying or discussing is the most important part that provides a reason or explanation for the rest.

- `Did I ask you to talk to me?' --- `That's not the point.'.

- The American Congress and media mostly missed the point about all this.

N-SING: the N

4. point
If you ask what the point of something is, or say that there is no point in it, you are indicating that a particular action has no purpose or would not be useful.

- What was the point of thinking about him?.

- There was no point in staying any longer.

N-SING: usu N of/in n/-ing

5. point points
A point is a detail, aspect, or quality of something or someone.

- Many of the points in the report are correct.

- The most interesting point about the village was its religion.

- Science was never my strong point at school.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

6. point points
A point is a particular place or position where something happens.

- As a mark of respect the emperor met him at a point several weeks' march from the capital.

- The pain originated from a point in his right thigh.

N-COUNT
= spot

7. point
You use point to refer to a particular time, or to a particular stage in the development of something.

- We're all going to die at some point.

- At one point, around 70,000 members had failed to pay.

- At this point Diana arrived.

- It got to the point where he had to leave.

N-SING: with supp, oft at N
= time

8. point points
The point of something such as a pin, needle, or knife is the thin, sharp end of it.
N-COUNT: oft N of n

9. point
In spoken English, you use point to refer to the dot or mark in a decimal number that separates the whole numbers from the fractions.

- This is FM stereo one oh three point seven.

- Inflation at nine point four percent is the worst for eight years.

10. point points
In some sports, competitions, and games, a point is one of the single marks that are added together to give the total score.

- They lost the 1977 World Cup final to Australia by a single point.

- Chamberlain scored 50 or more points four times in the season.

N-COUNT

11. point points
The points of the compass are directions such as North, South, East, and West.

- Sightseers arrived from all points of the compass.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

12. point points
On a railway track, the points are the levers and rails at a place where two tracks join or separate. The points enable a train to move from one track to another. (BRIT; in AM use switch )

- ...the rattle of the wheels across the points.

N-PLURAL

13. point points
A point is an electric socket. (BRIT)

- ...too far away from the nearest electrical point.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

14. point points pointing pointed
If you point at a person or thing, you hold out your finger towards them in order to make someone notice them.

- I pointed at the boy sitting nearest me.

- He pointed at me with the stem of his pipe.

- He pointed to a chair, signalling for her to sit.

VB

15. point points pointing pointed
If you point something at someone, you aim the tip or end of it towards them.

- David Khan pointed his finger at Mary.

- A man pointed a gun at them and pulled the trigger.

VB

16. point points pointing pointed
If something points to a place or points in a particular direction, it shows where that place is or it faces in that direction.

- An arrow pointed to the toilets.

- You can go anywhere and still the compass points north or south.

- He controlled the car until it was pointing forwards again.

VB

17. point points pointing pointed
If something points to a particular situation, it suggests that the situation exists or is likely to occur.

- Earlier reports pointed to pupils working harder, more continuously, and with enthusiasm.

- Private polls and embassy reports pointed to a no vote.

VB
= indicate

18. point points pointing pointed
If you point to something that has happened or that is happening, you are using it as proof that a particular situation exists.

- George Fodor points to other weaknesses in the way the campaign has progressed.

- Gooch last night pointed to their bowling as the key to World Cup success.

VB
= call attention

19. point
When builders point a wall, they put a substance such as cement into the gaps between the bricks or stones in order to make the wall stronger and seal it.
VERB: V n

20. point
If you say that something is beside the point , you mean that it is not relevant to the subject that you are discussing.

- Brian didn't like it, but that was beside the point.

PHR: v-link PHR
= irrelevant

21. point
When someone comes to the point or gets to the point , they start talking about the thing that is most important to them.

- He came to the point at once. `You did a splendid job on this case.'.

- Was she ever going to get to the point?

PHR: V inflects

22. point
If you make your point or prove your point , you prove that something is true, either by arguing about it or by your actions or behaviour.

- I think you've made your point, dear.

- Dr David McCleland, of Boston University, studied one-hundred people, aged eighteen to sixty, to prove the point.

- The tie-break proved the point.

PHR: V inflects

23. point
If you make a point of doing something, you do it in a very deliberate or obvious way.

- She made a point of spending as much time as possible away from Osborne House.

PHR: V inflects, PHR -ing

24. point
If you are on the point of doing something, you are about to do it.

- He was on the point of saying something when the phone rang.

- She looked on the point of tears.

PHR: v-link PHR n/-ing
= on the verge of

25. point
Something that is to the point is relevant to the subject that you are discussing, or expressed neatly without wasting words or time.

- Mr. Baker was smiling and to the point.

- The description which he had been given was brief and to the point.

PHR: v-link PHR

26. point
If you say that something is true up to a point , you mean that it is partly but not completely true.

- `Was she good?' --- `Mmm. Up to a point.'.

- It worked up to a point.

PHR: PHR with cl

pointed **

1. pointed
Something that is pointed has a point at one end.

- ...a pointed roof.

- ...pointed shoes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. pointed
Pointed comments or behaviour express criticism in a clear and direct way.

- I couldn't help notice the pointed remarks slung in my direction.

- Her new book is a pointed look at life in a small community, and the position of women within it.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. pointedly

- They were pointedly absent from the news conference.

- `This is my house,' Blair said rather pointedly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

pointing

1. pointing
Pointing is a way of filling in the gaps between the bricks or stones on the outside of a building so that the surface becomes sealed.

- He did the pointing in the stonework himself.

N-UNCOUNT

2. pointing
Pointing is the cement between the bricks or stones in a wall.

- Cracks, bulges, crumbling pointing and damp patches mean trouble.

N-UNCOUNT

point

noun

1.

essence

crux

drift

gist

heart

import

meaning

nub

pith

question

subject

thrust

2.

aim

end

goal

intent

intention

motive

object

objective

purpose

reason

3.

item

aspect

detail

feature

particular

4.

characteristic

aspect

attribute

quality

respect

trait

5.

place

location

position

site

spot

stage

6.

full stop

dot

mark

period

stop

7.

end

apex

prong

sharp end

spike

spur

summit

tip

top

8.

headland

cape

head

promontory

9.

stage

circumstance

condition

degree

extent

position

10.

moment

instant

juncture

time

very minute

11.

unit

score

tally

verb

12.

indicate

call attention to

denote

designate

direct

show

signify

13.

aim

direct

level

train

pointed

adjective

1.

sharp

acute

barbed

edged

2.

cutting

acute

biting

incisive

keen

penetrating

pertinent

sharp

telling

point out *****

1. point out points out; pointing out; pointed out
If you point out an object or place, you make people look at it or show them where it is.

- They kept standing up to take pictures and point things out to each other.

- They'd already driven along the wharf so that she could point out her father's boat.

PHR-V

2. point out points out; pointing out; pointed out
If you point out a fact or mistake, you tell someone about it or draw their attention to it.

- Critics point out that the prince, on his income, should be paying tax.

- I should point out that these estimates cover just the hospital expenditures.

- We all too easily point out our mothers' failings.

PHR-V

point out

verb

mention

allude to

bring up

identify

indicate

show

specify

point-blank

[D.J.:ˈpɔɪntˈblæŋk]

[K.K.:ˈpɔɪntˈblæŋk]

adj.

近距离平射的;直射的

断然的;直截了当的

adv.

近距离平射地;直射地

断然地;直截了当地

point-blank *

1. point-blank
If you say something point-blank , you say it very directly or rudely, without explaining or apologizing.

- The army apparently refused point blank to do what was required of them.

- Mr Patterson was asked point blank if he would resign.

ADV: ADV after v
= outright

2. point-blank
Also an adjective.

- ...a point-blank refusal.

ADJ: ADJ n
= outright

3. point-blank
If someone or something is shot point-blank , they are shot when the gun is touching them or extremely close to them.

- He put a gun through the open window of the car and fired point-blank at Bernadette.

ADV: ADV after v

4. point-blank
Also an adjective.

- He had been shot at point-blank range in the back of the head.

ADJ: ADJ n

point-blank

adjective

1.

direct

blunt

downright

explicit

express

plain

adverb

2.

directly

bluntly

candidly

explicitly

forthrightly

frankly

openly

plainly

straight

pointer

[D.J.:ˈpɔɪntə]

[K.K.:ˈpɔɪntɚ]

n.

指物棒,教鞭

(仪表等的)指针

忠告,点子;线索

指示猎犬

pointer *

1. pointer pointers
A pointer is a piece of advice or information which helps you to understand a situation or to find a way of making progress.

- I hope at least my daughter was able to offer you some useful pointers.

- Here are a few pointers to help you make a choice.

N-COUNT: with supp
= tip

2. pointer pointers
A pointer to something suggests that it exists or gives an idea of what it is like. (mainly BRIT)

- His victory in the first race here on Tuesday was a timely pointer to his chance of remaining unbeaten.

- Sunday's elections should be a pointer to the public mood.

N-COUNT: N to/towards n

3. pointer pointers
A pointer is a long stick that is used to point at something such as a large chart or diagram when explaining something to people.

- She tapped on the world map with her pointer.

N-COUNT

4. pointer pointers
The pointer on a measuring instrument is the long, thin piece of metal that points to the numbers.
N-COUNT
= needle

pointer

noun

1.

hint

advice

caution

information

recommendation

suggestion

tip

2.

indicator

guide

hand

needle

pointless

[D.J.:ˈpɔɪntlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈpɔɪntlɪs]

adj.

无意义的;不可能有结果的;无用的;无益的

pointlessly

adv.

无意义地;无用地;无益地

pointlessness

n.

无意义,空洞

pointless *

1. pointless
If you say that something is pointless , you are criticizing it because it has no sense or purpose.

- Violence is always pointless.

- Without an audience the performance is pointless.

- ...pointless arguments.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ disapproval
= senseless

2. pointlessly

- Chemicals were pointlessly poisoning the soil.

- ...lying awake pointlessly going over and over again something we need to do.

ADV: usu ADV with v
= senselessly

3. pointlessness

- You cannot help wondering about the pointlessness of it all.

N-UNCOUNT
= senselessness

pointless

adjective

senseless

absurd

aimless

fruitless

futile

inane

irrelevant

meaningless

silly

stupid

useless

point of order

point of order points of order
In a formal debate, a point of order is an official complaint that someone makes because the rules about how the debate is meant to be organized have been broken. (FORMAL)

- A point of order was raised in parliament by Mr Ben Morris.

- The postponement was demanded and won on a point of order.

N-COUNT: usu sing

point of reference

point of reference points of reference
A point of reference is something which you use to help you understand a situation or communicate with someone.

- Do we still have any fixed point of reference in the teaching of English?

N-COUNT

point of view ***

1. point of view points of view
You can refer to the opinions or attitudes that you have about something as your point of view .

- Thanks for your point of view, John.

- Try to look at this from my point of view.

N-COUNT: oft with poss
= viewpoint

2. point of view points of view
If you consider something from a particular point of view , you are using one aspect of a situation in order to judge that situation.

- Do you think that, from the point of view of results, this exercise was worth the cost?.

- The average man doing hard physical work has the best record, from the point of view of heart disease.

- Lennox has taken the point of view that money is not everything.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu from N with poss

pointy

[D.J.:ˈpɔɪnti:]

[K.K.:ˈpɔɪnti]

adj.

有尖头的;尖的

pointy

pointy pointier pointiest
Something that is pointy has a point at one end. (INFORMAL)

- ...a pointy little beard.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= pointed

poise

[D.J.:pɔiz]

[K.K.:pɔɪz]

n.

泰然自若; 自信

体态, 姿态

vt.

使平衡, 使平稳

poise

1. poise
If someone has poise , they are calm, dignified, and self-controlled.

- What amazed him even more than her appearance was her poise.

- It took a moment for Mark to recover his poise.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N

2. poise
Poise is a graceful, very controlled way of standing and moving.

- Ballet classes are important for poise and grace.

- Even when he moved he did so without poise.

N-UNCOUNT

poise

noun

composure

aplomb

assurance

calmness

cool slang

dignity

presence

sang-froid

self-possession

poised

[D.J.:pɔɪzd]

[K.K.:pɔɪzd]

adj.

处于(危险的)不稳定的状态之中

准备行动的

似悬着不动的

小心地平衡着的

沉着的;镇定的

poised **

1. poised
If a part of your body is poised , it is completely still but ready to move at any moment.

- He studied the keyboard carefully, one finger poised.

ADJ

2. poised
If someone is poised to do something, they are ready to take action at any moment.

- Britain was poised to fly medical staff to the country at short notice.

- US forces are poised for a massive air, land and sea assault.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to-inf, ADJ for n
= all set

3. poised
If you are poised , you are calm, dignified, and self-controlled.

- She was self-assured, poised, almost self-satisfied.

- Rachel appeared poised and calm.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= self-possessed

poised

adjective

1.

ready

all set

prepared

standing by

waiting

2.

composed

calm

collected

dignified

self-confident

self-possessed

together informal

poison

[D.J.:ˈpɔizən]

[K.K.:ˈpɔɪzən]

n.

毒药, 毒物

酒

极糟的食物

vt.

毒死, 毒杀

放毒于

污染

对…有不良影响, 毒化

poisoned

[D.J.:ˈpɔɪznd]

adj.

有毒的；中过毒的；发炎的

a poisoned chalice

金杯毒酒；看似诱人实则令人讨厌的事物

poisoning

[D.J.:ˈpɔɪznɪŋ]

n.

中毒; 毒害; 投毒

poison **

1. poison poisons
Poison is a substance that harms or kills people or animals if they swallow it or absorb it.

- Poison from the weaver fish causes paralysis, swelling, and nausea.

- Mercury is a known poison.

N-MASS
= toxin

2. poison poisons poisoning poisoned
If someone poisons another person, they kill the person or make them ill by giving them poison.

- The rumours that she had poisoned him could never be proved.

VB

3. poisoning

- She was sentenced to twenty years' imprisonment for poisoning and attempted murder.

N-UNCOUNT

4. poison poisons poisoning poisoned
If you are poisoned by a substance, it makes you very ill and sometimes kills you.

- Employees were taken to hospital yesterday after being poisoned by fumes.

- Toxic waste could endanger lives and poison fish.

VB

5. poisoning

- ...acute alcohol poisoning...

- His illness was initially diagnosed as food poisoning.

N-UNCOUNT: supp N

6. poison poisons poisoning poisoned
If someone poisons a food, drink, or weapon, they add poison to it so that it can be used to kill someone.

- If I was your wife I would poison your coffee.

VB

7. poisoned

- He was terrified to eat, suspecting that the food was poisoned.

- ...an umbrella tipped with a poisoned dart.

ADJ

8. poison poisons poisoning poisoned
To poison water, air, or land means to damage it with harmful substances such as chemicals.

- ...the textile and fibre industries that taint the air, poison the water and use vast amounts of natural resources...

- The land has been completely poisoned by chemicals.

- ...dying forests, poisoned rivers and lakes.

VB
= contaminate

9. poison poisons poisoning poisoned
Something that poisons a good situation or relationship spoils it or destroys it.

- The whole atmosphere has really been poisoned.

- ...ill-feeling that will poison further talk of a common foreign policy.

VB
= taint

10. poison
If someone poisons your mind against another person, they make you dislike that person, usually by telling you things that are not true.
PHR: V inflects, usu PHR against n

poison

noun

1.

toxin

bane

venom

verb

2.

murder

give (someone) poison

kill

3.

contaminate

infect

pollute

4.

corrupt

defile

deprave

pervert

subvert

taint

undermine

warp

poisoner

[ˈpɔizənə]

n.

毒害者

poisoner

poisoner poisoners
A poisoner is someone who has killed or harmed another person by using poison.

- Soon they were dead, victims of a mysterious poisoner.

N-COUNT

poison gas

poison gas
Poison gas is a gas that is poisonous and is usually used to kill people in war or to execute criminals.
N-UNCOUNT

poison ivy

poison ivy
Poison ivy is a wild plant that grows in North America and that causes a rash or skin problems if you touch it.
N-UNCOUNT

poisonous

[D.J.:ˈpɔizənəs]

[K.K.:ˈpɔɪzənəs]

adj.

有毒的

引起中毒的, 有害的

讨厌的, 恶意的

poisonous *

1. poisonous
Something that is poisonous will kill you or make you ill if you swallow or absorb it.

- All parts of the yew tree are poisonous, including the berries.

- ...a large cloud of poisonous gas.

ADJ-GRADED
= toxic

2. poisonous
An animal that is poisonous produces a poison that will kill you or make you ill if the animal bites you.

- There are hundreds of poisonous spiders and snakes.

ADJ-GRADED

3. poisonous
If you describe something as poisonous , you mean that it is extremely unpleasant and likely to spoil or destroy a good relationship or situation.

- ...poisonous comments.

- ...lying awake half the night tormented by poisonous suspicions.

- ...poisonous attacks on the state-run church.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= vicious

poisonous

adjective

1.

toxic

deadly

fatal

lethal

mortal

noxious

venomous

virulent

2.

evil

baleful

corrupting

malicious

noxious

pernicious

poison-pen letter

poison-pen letter poison-pen letters
A poison-pen letter is an unpleasant unsigned letter which is sent in order to upset someone or to cause trouble.
N-COUNT

poke

[D.J.:pəuk]

[K.K.:pok]

vt. & vi.

伸出; 戳出

戳, 刺; 拨弄

戏弄

poke *

1. poke pokes poking poked
If you poke someone or something, you quickly push them with your finger or with a sharp object.

- Lindy poked him in the ribs.

VB
= jab

2. poke pokes
Also a noun.

- John smiled at them and gave Richard a playful poke.

N-COUNT
= prod

3. poke pokes poking poked
If you poke one thing into another, you push the first thing into the second thing.

- He poked his finger into the hole.

VB

4. poke pokes poking poked
If something pokes out of or through another thing, you can see part of it appearing from behind or underneath the other thing.

- He saw the dog's twitching nose poke out of the basket.

- His fingers poked through the worn tips of his gloves.

VB
= stick

5. poke pokes poking poked
If you poke your head through an opening or if it pokes through an opening, you push it through, often so that you can see something more easily.

- Julie tapped on my door and poked her head in.

- We hadn't been able to poke our heads out and see what was going on.

- Raymond's head poked through the doorway.

V-ERG

poke

verb

1.

jab

dig

nudge

prod

push

shove

stab

stick

thrust

noun

2.

jab

dig

nudge

prod

thrust

poke around *

poke around pokes around; poking around; poked around
If you poke around or poke about for something, you search for it, usually by moving lots of objects around. (INFORMAL)

- He poked around the top of his cupboard for the bottle of whisky.

- We opened up the car bonnet and he started poking around in my engine.

PHR-V (BRIT) also poke about
= grope around

poke at *

poke at pokes at; poking at; poked at
If you poke at something, you make lots of little pushing movements at it with a sharp object.

- She poked at her food with a fork.

- Reggie threw more wood on the fire and poked at it.

PHR-V
= prod

poker

[D.J.:ˈpəʊkə]

[K.K.:ˈpokɚ]

n.

拨火铁棒

纸牌;扑克

(as) stiff as a poker

(通常指人)(坐或站得)直挺挺的，僵硬的

poker *

1. poker
Poker is a card game that people usually play in order to win money.

- Lon and I play in the same weekly poker game.

N-UNCOUNT

2. poker pokers
A poker is a metal bar which you use to move coal or wood in a fire in order to make it burn better.

- Mrs Malone took up the poker and stirred at the little fire burning beside her.

N-COUNT

poker face

poker face poker faces
A poker face is an expression on your face that shows none of your feelings. (INFORMAL)

- In business a poker face can be very useful.

- She managed to keep a poker face.

N-COUNT
= straight face

poker-faced

[ˈpəukəfeist]

adj.

没有表情的,一本正经的

poker-faced

poker-faced
If you are poker-faced , you have a calm expression on your face which shows none of your thoughts or feelings. (INFORMAL)

- His expressions varied from poker-faced to blank.

- The officer listened, poker-faced.

ADJ-GRADED

poky

[D.J.:ˈpəʊki:]

[K.K.:ˈpoki]

adj.

(房屋等)狭小的

poky

1. poky pokier pokiest
A room or house that is poky is uncomfortably small. (INFORMAL)

- ...apartments which were poky, dimly lit and poorly furnished.

- ...pokey little offices.

ADJ-GRADED The spelling pokey is also used, especially for meanings 1 and 3. disapproval
= cramped

2. poky
If you say that someone is poky , you are criticizing them for moving or reacting very slowly. (AM, INFORMAL)

- `Move!' she cried. `Don't be so darn poky!'

ADJ The spelling pokey is also used, especially for meanings 1 and 3. disapproval

3. poky
If someone is in the pokey , they are in prison. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- They threw him in the pokey, kept him under very harsh conditions.

N-SING: usu the N The spelling pokey is also used, especially for meanings 1 and 3.
= jail

poky

adjective

small

confined

cramped

narrow

tiny

polar

[D.J.:ˈpəulə]

[K.K.:ˈpolɚ]

adj.

(近)北[南]极的

正好相反的

polar *

1. polar
Polar means near the North and South Poles.

- ...the rigours of life in the polar regions...

- There was a period of excessive warmth which melted some of the polar ice.

- ...polar explorers.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. polar
Polar is used to describe things which are completely opposite in character, quality, or type. (FORMAL)

- The nomads' lifestyle was the polar opposite of collectivization.

- ...economists at polar ends of the politico-economic spectrum.

ADJ: ADJ n

polar bear

polar bear polar bears
A polar bear is a large white bear which is found near the North Pole.
N-COUNT

polarity

[D.J.:pəʊˈlærɪti:, pə-]

[K.K.:poˈlærɪti, pə-]

n.

反向性;分歧,对立

<物>极性

polarity

polarity polarities
If there is a polarity between two people or things, they are completely different from each other in some way. (FORMAL)

- ...the ideological polarity between nations.

- ...the polarities of good and evil...

- In him the polarities of life are resolved and balanced: male and female, strength and compassion, severity and mercy.

N-VAR

polarization

[D.J.:ˌpəʊlərɪˈzeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌpolərɪˈzeʃən]

n.

产生极性;极化

(光)偏振

对立;分裂

polarize

[D.J.:ˈpəʊləˌraɪz]

[K.K.:ˈpoləˌraɪz]

vi.

使分化为不同的看法

polarize *

1. polarize polarizes polarizing polarized
If something polarizes people or if something polarizes , two separate groups are formed with opposite opinions or positions.

- Missile deployment did much to further polarize opinion in Britain.

- As the car rental industry polarizes, business will go to the bigger companies.

- The green debate tends to polarise into science-as-saviour versus science-as-devil camps.

V-ERG (BRIT) also polarise
= divide

2. polarized

- Since Independence the electorate has been polarized equally between two parties.

ADJ-GRADED

3. polarization

- There is increasing polarization between the blacks and whites in the US.

N-UNCOUNT
= division

Polaroid

[D.J.:ˈpəʊləˌrɔɪd]

[K.K.:ˈpoləˌrɔɪd]

n.

<物>人造偏光板

(商标名)宝丽来一次成像照相机(或照片)

Polaroid *

1. Polaroid
A Polaroid camera is a small camera that can take, develop, and print a photograph in a few seconds. (TRADEMARK)

- He called the Polaroid camera a godsend to his work.

- Polaroid film is very sensitive.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. Polaroid Polaroids
A Polaroid is a photograph taken with a Polaroid camera.

- I took a Polaroid of them so I could remember them when they were gone.

N-COUNT

3. Polaroid
Polaroid sunglasses have been treated with a special substance in order to make the sun seem less bright.
ADJ: ADJ n

pole

[D.J.:pəul]

[K.K.:pol]

n.

柱, 杆

地极; 磁极, 电极

截然相反的两极之一, 极端

pole ***

1. pole poles
A pole is a long thin piece of wood or metal, used especially for supporting things.

- The truck crashed into a telegraph pole.

- He reached up with a hooked pole to roll down the metal shutter.

N-COUNT

2. pole poles
The earth's poles are the two opposite ends of its axis, its most northern and southern points.

- For six months of the year, there is hardly any light at the poles.

N-COUNT
See also North Pole , South Pole .

3. pole poles
The two poles of a range of qualities, opinions, or beliefs are the completely opposite qualities, opinions, or beliefs at either end of the range.

- The two politicians represent opposite poles of the political spectrum.

N-COUNT

4. pole
If you say that two people or things are poles apart , you mean that they have completely different beliefs, opinions, or qualities.
PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

pole

noun

rod

bar

mast

post

shaft

spar

staff

stick

Pole

[pəul]

n.

波兰人

Pole ***

Pole Poles
A Pole is a Polish citizen, or a person of Polish origin.
N-COUNT

pole-axed

pole-axed
If someone is pole-axed , they are so surprised or shocked that they do not know what to say or do. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Sitting pole-axed on the sofa, Mahoney stared in astonishment at the spectacle before him.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ also poleaxed .

polecat

[D.J.:ˈpəulkæt]

[K.K.:ˈpolˌkæt]

n.

臭猫,北美产之臭鼬类

polecat

polecat polecats
A polecat is a small, thin, fierce wild animal. Polecats have a very unpleasant smell.
N-COUNT

polemic

[D.J.:pəˈlemɪk]

[K.K.:pəˈlɛmɪk]

n.

争论, 辩论, 论战

辩论术, 辩论法

polemics

[D.J.:pɔˈlemiks]

[K.K.:pəˈlɛmɪks]

n.

辩论术;辩论法

polemic *

1. polemic polemics
A polemic is a very strong written or spoken attack on, or defence of, a particular belief or opinion.

- ...a polemic against the danger of secret societies...

- The book is both a history and a passionate polemic for tolerance.

N-VAR
= argument

2. polemic
Polemics is the skill or practice of arguing very strongly for or against a belief or opinion.

- He enjoys polemics, persuasion, and controversy.

N-UNCOUNT
= debate

polemical

[D.J.:pəˈlemɪkɵl]

[K.K.:pəˈlɛmɪkl..]

adj.

辩论法的, 辩论术的, 好辩的, 挑起争端的

polemical

polemical
Polemical means arguing very strongly for or against a belief or opinion.

- Daniels is at his best when he's cool and direct, rather than combative and polemical.

- ...Kramer's biting polemical novel.

ADJ-GRADED

polemicist

[D.J.:pəˈlemisist]

[K.K.:pəˈlɛmɪsɪst]

n.

善辩论者

polemicist

polemicist polemicists
A polemicist is someone who is skilled at arguing very strongly for or against a belief or opinion. (FORMAL)

- The greatest polemicist of the 20th century must be Leon Trotsky.

N-COUNT
= debater

pole position *

pole position
When a racing car is in pole position , it is in front of the other cars at the start of a race.

- Gardner recorded the fastest lap in qualifying to earn pole position for today's US Grand Prix.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

pole vault

pole vault
The pole vault is an athletics event in which athletes jump over a high bar, using a long flexible pole to help lift themselves up.
N-SING: the N

pole vaulter

pole vaulter pole vaulters
A pole vaulter is an athlete who performs the pole vault.
N-COUNT

police

[D.J.:pəˈli:s]

[K.K.:pəˈlis]

n.

警察部门; 警方; 警察

police *****

1. police
The police are the official organization that is responsible for making sure that people obey the law.

- The police are also looking for a second car.

- Police say they have arrested twenty people following the disturbances.

- I noticed a police car shadowing us.

N-SING-COLL

2. police
Police are men and women who are members of the official organization that is responsible for making sure that people obey the law.

- More than one hundred police have ringed the area.

N-PLURAL

3. police polices policing policed
If the police or military forces police an area or event, they make sure that law and order is preserved in that area or at that event.

- ...the tiny UN observer force whose job it is to police the border...

- The march was well-organised, heavily policed and largely good-humoured.

VB
See also secret police .

4. policing

- ...the policing of public places.

N-UNCOUNT
See also community policing .

5. police polices policing policed
If a person or group in authority polices a law or an area of public life, they make sure that what is done is fair and legal.

- ...Imro, the self-regulatory body that polices the investment management business.

VB

6. policing

- Policing of business courses varies widely.

N-UNCOUNT

police

noun

1.

the law informal

boys in blue informal

constabulary

fuzz slang

police force

the Old Bill slang

verb

2.

control

guard

patrol

protect

regulate

watch

police constable

police constable
A police constable is a policeman or policewoman of the lowest rank. (BRIT; in AM use police officer )

- A police constable is handling all inquiries.

- ...Police Constable David Casey.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

police dog

police dog police dogs
A police dog is a working dog which is owned by the police.
N-COUNT

police force **

police force police forces
A police force is the police organization in a particular country or area.

- ...the South Wales police force.

N-COUNT: oft N n

policeman

[D.J.:pəˈli:smən]

[K.K.:pəˈlismən]

n.

(男)警察

policemen

n.

警察

policeman ***

policeman policemen
A policeman is a man who is a member of the police force.
N-COUNT

policeman

noun

cop slang

bobby informal

constable

copper slang

fuzz slang

officer

police officer ***

police officer police officers
A police officer is a member of the police force.

- ...a meeting of senior police officers.

N-COUNT

police state

police state police states
A police state is a country in which the government controls people's freedom by means of the police, especially secret police.

- Their land has been turned into a police state.

N-COUNT disapproval

police station **

police station police stations
A police station is the local office of a police force in a particular area.

- Two police officers arrested him and took him to Kensington police station.

N-COUNT: oft in names

policewoman

[D.J.:pəˈli:sˌwʊmən]

[K.K.:pəˈlisˌwʊmən]

n.

女警察

policewoman *

policewoman policewomen
A policewoman is a woman who is a member of the police force.
N-COUNT

policy

[D.J.:ˈpɔləsi]

[K.K.:ˈpɑlɪsi]

n.

政策, 方针

策略, 精明的行为, 上策

保险单

policy *****

1. policy policies
A policy is a set of ideas or plans that is used as a basis for making decisions, especially in politics, economics, or business.

- ...plans which include changes in foreign policy and economic reforms.

- ...the UN's policy-making body.

N-VAR

2. policy policies
An official organization's policy on a particular issue or towards a country is their attitude and actions regarding that issue or country.

- ...the organisation's future policy towards South Africa.

- ...the government's policy on repatriation.

- ...the corporation's policy of forbidding building on common land.

N-COUNT: usu poss N
= stance

3. policy policies
An insurance policy is a document which shows the agreement that you have made with an insurance company.

- You are advised to read the small print of household and motor insurance policies.

N-COUNT: usu N n

policy

noun

procedure

action

approach

code

course

custom

plan

practice

rule

scheme

policyholder

[D.J.:ˈpɔlɪsi:ˌhəʊldə]

[K.K.:ˈpɑlɪsiˌholdɚ]

n.

保险客户

policyholder *

policyholder policyholders
A policyholder is a person who has an insurance policy with an insurance company.

- The first 10 per cent of legal fees will be paid by the policy-holder.

N-COUNT also policy-holder .

policymaker

[ˈpɔləsiˌmeikə]

n.

政策制定者,决策人

policymaker

policymaker policymakers
In politics, policymakers are people who are involved in making policies and policy decisions.

- ...the top economic policymakers of the seven leading industrial nations.

N-COUNT: usu pl also policy-maker .

policy-making *

policy-making
Policy-making is the making of policies.

- The Central Committee is the party's policymaking body.

- He will play a key background role in government policy-making.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also policymaking .

polio

[D.J.:ˈpəʊli:ˌəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈpoliˌo]

n.

<医>脊髓灰质炎,小儿麻痹症

polio *

polio
Polio is a serious infectious disease which often makes people unable to use their legs.

- Gladys was crippled by polio at the age of 3.

N-UNCOUNT

poliomyelitis

[D.J.:ˌpəʊli:əʊˌmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs]

[K.K.:ˌpolioˌmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs]

n.

脊髓灰质炎,小儿麻痹症

poliomyelitis

poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis is the same as polio . (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

polish

[D.J.:ˈpɔliʃ]

[K.K.:ˈpɑlɪʃ]

vt. & vi.

(使)光滑, 擦亮

vt.

文饰

n.

光泽剂, 上光蜡, 亮漆

光亮, 光滑

擦亮, 磨光

优美, 高雅, 完善

polished

[D.J.:ˈpɔlɪʃt]

[K.K.:ˈpɑlɪʃt]

adj.

(艺术品、表演等)精致的,完美的,优雅的

(行为、举止等)有礼貌的,文雅的

polishing

[ˈpɔliʃiŋ]

n.

(大理石雕像,铜版等)磨[抛,擦,打]光,磨料

polish **

1. polish polishes
Polish is a substance that you put on the surface of an object in order to clean it, protect it, and make it shine.

- The still air smelt faintly of furniture polish.

- ...soap powders, detergents, and polishes.

N-MASS

2. polish polishes polishing polished
If you polish something, you put polish on it or rub it with a cloth to make it shine.

- Each morning he shaved and polished his shoes.

- He removed his glasses and began polishing them with his handkerchief.

VB

3. polish
Also a noun.

- He gave his counter a polish with a soft duster.

N-SING: a N

4. polished

- ...a highly polished floor.

ADJ-GRADED

5. polish
If you say that someone has polish , you mean that they show confidence and know how to behave socially.
N-UNCOUNT approval

6. polish
If you say that a performance or piece of work has polish , you mean that it is of a very high standard.

- The opera lacks the polish of his later work.

N-UNCOUNT approval

7. polish polishes polishing polished
If you polish your technique, performance, or skill at doing something, you work on improving it.

- They just need to polish their technique.

VB

8. polish up polishes up; polishing up; polished up
Polish up means the same as polish .

- Polish up your writing skills on a one-week professional course.

PHR-V

polished *

1. polished
Someone who is polished shows confidence and knows how to behave socially.

- He is polished, charming, articulate and an excellent negotiator.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ approval

2. polished
If you describe a performance, ability, or skill as polished , you mean that it is of a very high standard.

- It was simply a very polished performance.

- ...polished promotional skills.

ADJ-GRADED approval

polish

verb

1.

shine

brighten

buff

burnish

rub

smooth

wax

2.

perfect

brush up

enhance

finish

improve

refine

touch up

noun

3.

varnish

wax

4.

sheen

brightness

finish

glaze

gloss

lustre

5.

style

breeding

class informal

elegance

finesse

finish

grace

refinement

polished

adjective

1.

accomplished

adept

expert

fine

masterly

professional

skilful

superlative

2.

shining

bright

burnished

gleaming

glossy

smooth

3.

elegant

cultivated

polite

refined

sophisticated

well-bred

polish off **

1. polish off polishes off; polishing off; polished off
If you polish off food or drink, you eat or drink all of it, or finish it. (INFORMAL)

- No matter what he is offered to eat he polishes it off in an instant.

- He polished off his scotch and slammed the glass down.

PHR-V

2. polish off polishes off; polishing off; polished off
If you polish off an opponent, especially in sports, you beat them. (mainly JOURNALISM)

- He polished off his opponents 21-2, 21-8 and 21-8.

- South Africa resume this morning on 278 for seven and England could well polish them off first thing.

PHR-V

Polish

[D.J.:ˈpəʊlɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈpolɪʃ]

adj.

波兰的,与波兰有关的

波兰人的,波兰语的

n.

波兰语

Polish ***

1. Polish
Polish means belonging or relating to Poland, or to its people, language, or culture.

- The press conference was broadcast live on Polish television.

- ...the new Polish government.

ADJ

2. Polish
Polish is the language spoken in Poland.
N-UNCOUNT

Politburo

[D.J.:ˈpɔlɪtˌbjʊərəʊ, pəˈlɪt-]

[K.K.:ˈpɑlɪtˌbjʊro, pəˈlɪt-]

n.

政治局(共产党的中央执行委员会)

Politburo *

Politburo Politburos
In communist countries the Politburo is the chief committee that decides on government policy and makes decisions.

- The Politburo has been meeting in Peking to discuss the situation.

N-COUNT: usu the N

polite

[D.J.:pəˈlait]

[K.K.:pəˈlaɪt]

adj.

有礼貌的, 客气的

有教养的; 文雅的

politely

[D.J.:pəˈlaɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:pəˈlaɪtlɪ]

adv.

有礼貌地;客气地;委婉地

politeness

[D.J.:pəˈlaɪtnɪs]

[K.K.:pəˈlaɪtnɪs]

n.

有礼貌;客气;文雅

有礼貌的行为;客气的词语

politer

adj.

有礼貌的,优雅的

politest

adj.

有礼貌的,优雅的

polite **

1. polite politer politest
Someone who is polite has good manners and behaves in a way that is socially correct and not rude to other people.

- Everyone around him was trying to be polite, but you could tell they were all bored.

- It's not polite to point or talk about strangers in public.

- Gately, a quiet and very polite young man, made a favourable impression.

- I hate having to make polite conversation.

ADJ-GRADED
= courteous ≠ rude

2. politely

- `Your home is beautiful,' I said politely.

- Learning difficulties, as they are politely called, make children a target for bullies.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj
= courteously ≠ rudely

3. politeness

- She listened to him, but only out of politeness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. polite
You can refer to people who consider themselves to be socially superior and to set standards of behaviour for everyone else as polite society or polite company .

- Certain words are vulgar and not acceptable in polite society.

ADJ: ADJ n

polite

adjective

1.

mannerly

civil

complaisant

courteous

gracious

respectful

well-behaved

well-mannered

2.

refined

civilized

cultured

elegant

genteel

polished

sophisticated

well-bred

politeness

noun

courtesy

civility

courteousness

decency

etiquette

mannerliness

politic

[D.J.:ˈpɔlɪtɪk]

[K.K.:ˈpɑlɪtɪk]

adj.

(计划、言行)考虑周到的,有见识的,恰当的

谨慎的,慎重的,有洞察力的

v.

从政

politic

politic
If it seems politic to do a particular thing, that seems to be the most sensible thing to do in the circumstances. (FORMAL)

- Many towns often found it politic to change their allegiance.

ADJ-GRADED: usu it v-link ADJ to-inf
= wise

See also politics ; body politic .

politic

adjective

wise

advisable

diplomatic

expedient

judicious

prudent

sensible

political

[D.J.:pəˈlitikəl]

[K.K.:pəˈlɪtɪkəl]

adj.

政治的; 政治上的

政党的, 党派的

对政治有兴趣的, 政治上活跃的

politically

[D.J.:pəˈlɪtɪkɵlɪ]

[K.K.:pəˈlɪtɪkl..ɪ]

adv.

政治地；政党地

politically correct

政治上正确的(即言行不会冒犯特定人群)

political *****

1. political
Political means relating to the way power is achieved and used in a country or society.

- All other political parties there have been completely banned.

- The Canadian government is facing another political crisis.

- ...a democratic political system...

- Abortion is once again a controversial political and moral issue.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
See also party political .

2. politically

- They do not believe the killings were politically motivated.

- Politically and economically this is an extremely difficult question.

ADV: ADV adj/adv, ADV with v, ADV with cl

3. political
Someone who is political is interested or involved in politics and holds strong beliefs about it.

- Oh I'm not political, I take no interest in politics.

- This play is very political.

ADJ-GRADED

political

adjective

governmental

parliamentary

policy-making

political asylum *

political asylum
Political asylum is the right to live in a foreign country and is given by the government of that country to people who have to leave their own country for political reasons.

- ...a university teacher who is seeking political asylum in Britain...

- Fewer than 10 percent of applicants are granted political asylum by German courts.

N-UNCOUNT

political correctness *

political correctness
Political correctness is the attitude or policy of being extremely careful not to offend or upset any group of people in society who have a disadvantage, or who have been treated differently because of their sex, race, or disability.

- In some sectors, where political correctness is a powerful force, I've been criticized for that.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ political incorrectness

political economy *

political economy
Political economy is the study of the way in which a government influences or organizes a nation's wealth.
N-UNCOUNT

political incorrectness

political incorrectness
Political incorrectness is the attitude or policy shown by someone who does not care if they offend or upset any group of people in society who have a disadvantage, or who have been treated differently because of their sex, race, or disability.

- ...allegations of political incorrectness.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ political incorrectness

politically correct *

1. politically correct
If you say that someone is politically correct , you mean that they are extremely careful not to offend or upset any group of people in society who have a disadvantage, or who have been treated differently because of their sex, race, or disability.
ADJ-GRADED
≠ politically incorrect

2. politically correct
The politically correct are people who are politically correct.
N-PLURAL: the N

politically incorrect

1. politically incorrect
If you say that someone is politically incorrect , you mean that they do not care if they offend or upset other people in society, for example with their attitudes towards sex, race, or disability.

- Gershwin's lyrics would today probably be deemed politically incorrect.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ politically correct

2. politically incorrect
The politically incorrect are people who are politically incorrect.
N-PLURAL: the N

political prisoner *

political prisoner political prisoners
A political prisoner is someone who has been imprisoned for criticizing or disagreeing with their own government.
N-COUNT

political science *

political science
Political science is the study of the ways in which political power is acquired and used in a country.
N-UNCOUNT

political scientist *

political scientist political scientists
A political scientist is someone who studies, writes, or lectures about political science.
N-COUNT

politician

[D.J.:ˌpɔliˈtiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌpɑlɪˈtɪʃən]

n.

政治家

政客, 玩弄权术者

politician ****

politician politicians
A politician is a person whose job is in politics, especially a member of parliament or congress.

- They have arrested a number of leading opposition politicians.

N-COUNT

politician

noun

statesman

legislator

Member of Parliament

M.P.

office bearer

public servant

politicize

[D.J.:pəˈlitisaiz]

[K.K.:pəˈlɪtɪˌsaɪz]

vt.

使政治化, 使具有政治性

使对政治有兴趣

politicize *

1. politicize politicizes politicizing politicized
If you politicize someone or something, you make them more interested in politics or more involved with politics.

- ...ideas which might politicize the labouring classes and cause them to question the status quo...

- Some feminists had attempted to politicize personal life.

VB (BRIT) also politicise

2. politicized

- ...the highly politicized nature of China's legal system.

ADJ-GRADED

3. politicization

- There has been increasing politicization of the civil service.

N-UNCOUNT

politicking

[ˈpɔlitikiŋ]

n.

政治活动;竞选活动

politicking

politicking
If you describe someone's political activity as politicking , you think that they are engaged in it to gain votes or personal advantage for themselves.

- The politicking at Westminster is extremely intense.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

politico

[D.J.:pəˈlitikəu]

[K.K.:pəˈlɪtɪˌko]

n.

(职业)政治活动家,政客

politico

politico politicos
You can describe a politician as a politico , especially if you do not like them or approve of what they do.
N-COUNT disapproval

politico-

[pəˈlitikəu]

pref.

表示“政治与…上的”之义

politico-

politico-
Politico- is added to adjectives to form other adjectives that describe something as being both political and the other thing that is mentioned.

- ...the capitalist politico-economic system.

- ...the old politico-military struggle for supremacy.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

politics

[D.J.:ˈpɔlitiks]

[K.K.:ˈpɑlɪtɪks]

n.

政治活动

政治学

政论, 政见; 党派倾向

权术; 派别之争

politics ****

1. politics
Politics are the actions or activities concerned with achieving and using power in a country or society. The verb that follows politics may be either singular or plural.

- The key question in British politics was how long the prime minister could survive.

- He quickly involved himself in local politics.

- The film takes no position on the politics of Northern Ireland.

- Politics is by no means the only arena in which women are excelling.

N-PLURAL
See also party politics .

2. politics
Your politics are your beliefs about how a country ought to be governed.

- My politics are well to the left of centre.

N-PLURAL: usu with poss

3. politics
Politics is the study of the ways in which countries are governed.

- He began studying politics and medieval history.

- ...young politics graduates.

N-UNCOUNT

4. politics
Politics can be used to talk about the ways that power is shared in an organization and the ways it is affected by personal relationships between people who work together. The verb that follows politics may be either singular or plural.

- You need to understand how office politics influence the working environment.

N-PLURAL

politics

noun

statesmanship

affairs of state

civics

government

political science

polity

[D.J.:ˈpɔliti]

[K.K.:ˈpɑlɪti]

n.

政治组织,国家组织,政治,政体

polity

polity polities
A polity is an organized society, such as a nation, city, or church, together with its government and administration. (FORMAL)

- In the United States, citizenship rested on choices by individuals about the polity in which they wished to participate.

N-COUNT

polka

[D.J.:ˈpɔlkə]

[K.K.:ˈpolkə, ˈpokə]

n.

波尔卡舞,女用紧身短上衣

polka *

polka polkas
A polka is a fast lively dance that was popular in the nineteenth century.
N-COUNT

polka dots

polka dots
Polka dots are very small spots printed on a piece of cloth.

- Bethany wore a yellow bikini with polka dots.

- She wore a tight-fitting polka dot blouse.

N-PLURAL: oft N n The spelling polka-dot is also used, especially as a modifier. The word polka is usually pronounced in AMerican ENglish when it is part of this compound.

poll

[D.J.:pəul]

[K.K.:pol]

n.

民意调查, 民意调查的结果

投票选举

投票数

vt.

获得…张票数

对…进行调查

切短

vi.

投票

polled

adj.

剪去了树梢的;剪了毛[发]的;秃头的;锯了角的;(牛等)无角(品种)的

polling

[D.J.:ˈpəʊlɪŋ]

n.

投票

poll ****

1. poll polls
A poll is a survey in which people are asked their opinions about something, usually in order to find out how popular something is or what people intend to do in the future.

- Polls show that the European treaty has gained support in Denmark.

- We are doing a weekly poll on the president, and clearly his popularity has declined.

- The Socialist Party, which won a convincing victory in elections in June, has been losing support in the polls recently.

N-COUNT
See also opinion poll , straw poll .

2. poll polls polling polled
If you are polled on something, you are asked what you think about it as part of a survey.

- More than 18,000 people were polled.

- Audiences were going to be polled on which of three pieces of contemporary music they liked best.

- More than 70 per cent of those polled said that they approved of his record as president.

VB: usu passive

3. poll polls
The polls means an election for a country's government, or the place where people go to vote in an election.

- In 1945, Winston Churchill was defeated at the polls.

- Voters are due to go to the polls on Sunday to elect a new president.

- The polls have closed in the Pakistan parliamentary elections.

N-PLURAL: the N

4. poll polls polling polled
If a political party or a candidate polls a particular number or percentage of votes, they get that number or percentage of votes in an election.

- It was a disappointing result for the Greens who polled three percent.

- The result showed he had polled enough votes to force a second ballot.

VB
= net win

polling *

polling
Polling is the act of voting in an election.

- There has been a busy start to polling in today's local elections.

- Elections were postponed the day before polling was due to take place.

N-UNCOUNT
= voting

poll

noun

1.

canvass

ballot

census

count

sampling

survey

2.

vote

figures

returns

tally

voting

verb

3.

tally

register

4.

question

ballot

canvass

interview

sample

survey

pollen

[D.J.:ˈpɔlən]

[K.K.:ˈpɑlən]

n.

花粉

pollen *

pollen pollens
Pollen is a fine powder produced by flowers. It fertilizes other flowers of the same species so that they produce seeds.
N-MASS

pollen count

pollen count pollen counts
The pollen count is a measure of how much pollen is in the air at a particular place and time. Information about the pollen count is given to help people who are made ill by pollen.

- Avoid trips to the country while the pollen count is high.

N-COUNT

pollinate

[D.J.:ˈpɔləˌneɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpɑləˌnet]

vt.

给…传授花粉

pollination

n.

pollination

[D.J.:p ɔlɪˈneɪʃn]

[K.K.:ˈp ɑləneʃən]

n.

<植>授粉(作用)

pollinate

1. pollinate pollinates pollinating pollinated
To pollinate a plant or tree means to fertilize it with pollen. This is often done by insects.

- Many of the indigenous insects are needed to pollinate the local plants.

VB

2. pollination

- Without sufficient pollination, the growth of the corn is stunted.

N-UNCOUNT

pollinator

授花粉器

pollinator

pollinator pollinators
A pollinator is something which pollinates plants, especially a type of insect. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

polling booth

1. polling booth polling booths
Polling booths are the places where people go to vote in an election.

- In Darlington, queues formed at some polling booths.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= polling station

2. polling booth polling booths
A polling booth is one of the partly enclosed areas in a polling station, where people can vote in private.

- When you are there, in the polling booth, nobody can see where you put your cross.

N-COUNT

polling day

polling day
Polling day is the day on which people vote in an election. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use election day )
N-UNCOUNT

polling place

polling place polling places
A polling place is the same as a polling station . (AM)

- Voters were lining up at polling places as early as 6.00 this morning, an hour before voting started.

N-COUNT

polling station *

polling station polling stations
A polling station is a place where people go to vote at an election. It is often a school or other public building. (BRIT; in AM use polling place )

- The voting was said to be very brisk and queues formed even before polling stations opened.

N-COUNT

pollster

[D.J.:ˈpəʊlstə]

[K.K.:ˈpolstɚ]

n.

民意调查(分析)者

pollster *

pollster pollsters
A pollster is a person or organization who asks large numbers of people questions to find out their opinions on particular subjects.
N-COUNT

pollutant

[D.J.:pəˈlu:tnt]

[K.K.:pəˈlutn..t]

n.

污染物质(尤指工业废物)

pollutants

污染物

pollutant *

pollutant pollutants
Pollutants are substances that pollute the environment, especially gases from vehicles and poisonous chemicals produced as waste by industrial processes.

- A steady stream of California traffic clogs the air with pollutants.

N-VAR

pollute

[D.J.:pəˈlu:t]

[K.K.:pəˈlut]

vt.

污染

腐蚀

polluted

[pəˈlu:tid]

污染,玷污

polluting

n.

污染,玷污

pollute **

1. pollute pollutes polluting polluted
To pollute water, air, or land means to make it dirty and dangerous to live in or to use, especially with poisonous chemicals or sewage.

- Heavy industry pollutes our rivers with noxious chemicals.

- A number of beaches in the region have been polluted by sewage pumped into the Irish Sea.

VB
= contaminate poison

2. polluted

- The police have warned the city's inhabitants not to bathe in the polluted river.

ADJ-GRADED

pollute

verb

1.

contaminate

dirty

foul

infect

poison

soil

spoil

stain

taint

2.

defile

corrupt

debase

debauch

deprave

desecrate

dishonour

profane

sully

polluter

污染者;污染物质

polluter *

polluter polluters
A polluter is someone or something that pollutes the environment.
N-COUNT

pollution

[D.J.:pəˈluʃən]

[K.K.:pəˈluʃən]

n.

污染, 弄脏

pollution ***

1. pollution
Pollution is the process of polluting water, air, or land, especially with poisonous chemicals.

- The fine was for the company's pollution of the air near its plants.

- Recycling also helps control environmental pollution by reducing the need for waste dumps.

N-UNCOUNT
= contamination

2. pollution
Pollution is poisonous or dirty substances that are polluting the water, air, or land somewhere.

- The level of pollution in the river was falling.

N-UNCOUNT
= contamination

pollution

noun

contamination

corruption

defilement

dirtying

foulness

impurity

taint

uncleanness

polo

[D.J.:ˈpəʊləʊ]

[K.K.:ˈpolo]

n.

马球戏

polo *

polo
Polo is a game played between two teams of players. The players ride horses and use wooden hammers with long handles to hit a ball.
N-UNCOUNT
See also water polo .

polo neck

polo neck polo necks
A polo neck or a polo neck sweater is a sweater with a high neck which folds over. (BRIT; in AM use turtleneck )
N-COUNT also polo-neck .

polo shirt

polo shirt polo shirts
A polo shirt is a soft short-sleeved piece of clothing with a collar, which you put on over your head.
N-COUNT

poltergeist

[D.J.:ˈpəultəɡaist]

[K.K.:ˈpoltɚˌɡaɪst]

n.

敲击作响闹恶作剧的鬼

poltergeist

poltergeist poltergeists
A poltergeist is a ghost or supernatural force which is believed to move furniture or throw objects around.
N-COUNT

poly *

poly polys
A poly is the same as a polytechnic . (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...theatre design students from Birmingham Poly.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

poly-

[D.J.:ˈpɔli]

[K.K.:ˈpɑli]

pref.

表示“多的,多个的,多于一的”之义

poly-

poly-
Poly- is used to form adjectives and nouns which indicate that many things or types of something are involved in something. For example, a polysyllabic word contains many syllables.

- He portrays the psyche as polycentric.

- ...polyclinics that integrate primary and secondary health care.

PREFIX

polyester

[D.J.:ˌpɔliˈestə]

[K.K.:ˈpɑliˌɛstɚ, ˌpɑliˈɛstɚ]

n.

聚酯纤维, 涤纶

polyester *

polyester polyesters
Polyester is a type of artificial cloth used especially to make clothes.

- ...a green polyester shirt.

N-MASS

polyethylene

[D.J.:ˌpɔliˈeθili:n]

[K.K.:ˌpɑliˈɛθəˌlin]

n.

聚乙烯

polyethylene

polyethylene
Polyethylene is a type of plastic made into thin sheets or bags and used especially to keep food fresh or to keep things dry. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use polythene )
N-UNCOUNT

polygamous

[D.J.:pɔˈliɡəməs]

[K.K.:pəˈlɪɡəməs]

adj.

一夫多妻的,一妻多夫的

polygamous

polygamous
In a polygamous society, people can be legally married to more than one person at the same time. A polygamous person, especially a man, is married to more than one person.

- Less than 1 percent of the men in any Muslim country are polygamous.

ADJ

polygamy

[D.J.:pəˈlɪgəmi:]

[K.K.:pəˈlɪɡəmi]

n.

多配偶(制),一夫多妻(制)或一妻多夫(制)

polygamy

polygamy
Polygamy is the custom in some societies in which someone can be legally married to more than one person at the same time.
N-UNCOUNT

polyglot

[D.J.:ˈpɔli:ˌglɔt]

[K.K.:ˈpɑliˌɡlɑt]

adj.

(人)通晓、使用多种语言的,(书等)用多种语言写的

n.

通晓多种语言的人

polyglot

1. polyglot
Polyglot is used to describe something such as a book or society in which several different languages are used. (FORMAL)

- ...Chicago's polyglot population.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= multilingual

2. polyglot polyglots
A polyglot is a person who speaks or understands many languages.

- ...a polyglot who speaks four languages.

N-COUNT

polygraph

[D.J.:ˈpɔli:ˌgræf]

[K.K.:ˈpɑliˌɡræf]

n.

(描记脉搏、呼吸速率的)多种波动描记器

polygraph

polygraph polygraphs
A polygraph or a polygraph test is a test which is used by the police to try to find out whether someone is telling the truth.

- Hill's lawyers announced she had taken and passed a polygraph test.

N-COUNT
= lie detector

polymer

[D.J.:ˈpɔləmə]

[K.K.:ˈpɑləmɚ]

n.

<化>聚合物(体)

polymeric

adj.

聚合的

polymeric

[D.J.:ˌpɔliˈmerik]

[K.K.:ˌpɑləˈmɛrɪk]

adj.

聚合的,聚合体的

polymers

高分子材料

polymer *

polymer polymers
A polymer is a chemical compound with large molecules made of many smaller molecules of the same kind. Some polymers exist naturally and others are produced in laboratories and factories.
N-COUNT

polyp

[D.J.:ˈpɔlip]

[K.K.:ˈpɑlɪp]

n.

珊瑚虫(水螅型),息肉

polyp

1. polyp polyps
A polyp is a small unhealthy growth on a surface inside your body, especially inside your nose.

- It takes ten years or more for a benign polyp to turn malignant.

N-COUNT

2. polyp polyps
A polyp is a small animal that lives in the sea. It has a hollow body like a tube and long parts called tentacles around its mouth.
N-COUNT

polypropylene

[D.J.:ˌpɔliˈprəupili:n]

[K.K.:ˌpɑliˈpropəˌlin]

n.

聚丙烯

polypropylene

polypropylene
Polypropylene is a strong, flexible artificial material that is used to make things such as rope, carpet, and pipes.
N-UNCOUNT

polystyrene

[D.J.:ˌpɔliˈstaiəri:n]

[K.K.:ˌpɑliˈstaɪrin]

n.

聚苯乙烯

polystyrene

polystyrene
Polystyrene is a very light plastic substance used to make containers or to keep things warm, cool, or protected from damage.

- ...polystyrene cups.

N-UNCOUNT

polytechnic

[D.J.:ˌpɔli:ˈteknɪk]

[K.K.:ˌpɑliˈtɛknɪk]

n.

理工学院

polytechnics

综合技术

polytechnic **

1. polytechnic polytechnics
In Britain, a polytechnic was a college where you could go after leaving school in order to study academic subjects up to degree level, or to train for particular jobs. In 1992, all the polytechnics in Britain became universities.
N-VAR: oft in names
= poly

2. polytechnic polytechnics
In the United States, polytechnic is the former name for a school, college, or university which specialized in courses in science and technology.
N-VAR: oft in names

polythene

[D.J.:ˈpɔləˌθi:n]

[K.K.:ˈpɑləˌθin]

n.

<化>聚乙烯

polythene *

polythene
Polythene is a type of plastic made into thin sheets or bags and used especially to keep food fresh or to keep things dry. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use polyethylene )

- Simply put them into a polythene bag and store them in the freezer for a day.

N-UNCOUNT

polyunsaturate

[ˌpɔliʌnˈsætʃərit]

n.

多不饱和物(如脂肪等)

polyunsaturate

polyunsaturate polyunsaturates
Polyunsaturates are types of animal or vegetable fats which are used to make cooking oil and margarine. They are thought to be less harmful to your body than other fats.
N-COUNT: usu pl

polyunsaturated

[D.J.:ˌpɔliʌnˈsætʃəreitid]

[K.K.:ˌpɑliʌnˈsætʃəˌretɪd]

adj.

〈化〉(油脂等)多重不饱和的

polyunsaturated *

polyunsaturated
Polyunsaturated oils and margarines are made mainly from vegetable fats and are considered healthier than those made from animal fats.

- Use polyunsaturated spread instead of butter.

ADJ

polyurethane

[D.J.:ˌpɔliˈjuəriθein]

[K.K.:ˌpɑliˈjʊrəˌθen]

n.

聚亚安酯

polyurethane

polyurethane polyurethanes
Polyurethane is a plastic material used especially to make paint or substances which prevent water or heat from passing through.

- ...polyurethane varnish.

N-MASS

pom

[pɔm]

n.

砰的一声

vi.

发出砰砰声

pom

pom poms
A pom is the same as a pommy .
N-COUNT

pomegranate

[D.J.:ˈpɔmˌgrænɪt, ˈpɔmɪ-, ˈpʌm-, ˈpʌmɪ-]

[K.K.:ˈpɑmˌɡrænɪt, ˈpɑmɪ-, ˈpʌm-, ˈpʌmɪ-]

n.

石榴

石榴树

pomegranate

pomegranate pomegranates
A pomegranate is a round fruit with a thick reddish skin. It contains lots of small seeds with juicy flesh around them.
N-VAR

pommel

[D.J.:ˈpʌml]

[K.K.:ˈpʌməl, ˈpɑm-]

n.

(刀剑柄)圆头,(马鞍)前鞍

pommel

pommel pommels
A pommel is the part of a saddle that rises up at the front, or a knob that is fixed there.
N-COUNT

pommy

[D.J.:ˈpɔmi]

[K.K.:ˈpɑmi]

n.

英国移民

pommy

pommy pommies
A pommy is an English person. This use could cause offence. (mainly AUSTRALIAN, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also pommie . disapproval

pomp

[D.J.:pɔmp]

[K.K.:pɑmp]

n.

壮丽, 壮观, 炫耀

pomp and circumstance

隆重的仪式

pomp *

pomp
Pomp is the use of a lot of ceremony, fine clothes, and decorations, especially on a special occasion.

- ...the pomp and splendour of the English aristocracy.

N-UNCOUNT

pomp

noun

1.

ceremony

flourish

grandeur

magnificence

pageant

pageantry

splendour

state

2.

show

display

grandiosity

ostentation

pom-pom

n.

(装饰性的)绒球

pom-pom

pom-pom pom-poms
A pom-pom is a ball of threads which is used to decorate things such as hats or furniture. In the United States, cheerleaders wave large pom-poms at football matches.

- ...wide-brimmed hats with red pom-poms worn by the local girls.

N-COUNT also pompom , pom-pon .

pomposity

[D.J.:pɔmˈpɔsətɪ]

[K.K.:pɑmˈpɑsətɪ]

n.

浮华；虚夸；炫耀；自负

浮化的言词；自负的行动；虚夸的作风

pomposity

pomposity
Pomposity means speaking or behaving in a very serious manner which shows that you think you are more important than you really are.

- Einstein was a scientist who hated pomposity and disliked being called a genius.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl disapproval
= self-importance

pomposity

noun

self-importance

affectation

airs

grandiosity

pompousness

portentousness

pretension

pretentiousness

pompous

[D.J.:ˈpɔmpəs]

[K.K.:ˈpɑmpəs]

adj.

自高自大的;自负的;夸张的

pompously

adv.

傲慢地,盛大壮观地

pompous *

1. pompous
If you describe someone as pompous , you mean that they behave or speak in a very serious way because they think they are more important than they really are.

- He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= grandiose

2. pompously

- Robin told me firmly and pompously that he had an important business appointment.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. pompous
A pompous building or ceremony is very grand and elaborate.

- The service was grand without being pompous.

ADJ-GRADED

pompous

adjective

1.

self-important

arrogant

grandiose

ostentatious

pretentious

puffed up

showy

2.

grandiloquent

boastful

bombastic

high-flown

inflated

ponce

[D.J.:pɔns]

[K.K.:pɑns]

n.

靠妓女为生的人;为妓女拉客的人;男妓

ponce

1. ponce ponces
A ponce is the same as a pimp . (BRIT, INFORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

2. ponce ponces
If you call a man a ponce , you are insulting him because you think the way he dresses or behaves is too feminine. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- The younger ones as far as I am concerned are a bunch of ponces.

N-COUNT disapproval

ponce around

ponce around ponces around; poncing around; ponced around
If you say that someone is poncing around or poncing about , you mean that they are not doing something properly, quickly, or seriously. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- I spent my working life poncing around on a beach instead of doing a proper job.

PHR-V (BRIT) also ponce about disapproval

poncey

poncey
If you say that someone or something is poncey , you mean you do not like them because they are too feminine or artistic. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- ...a poncy male model.

ADJ-GRADED also poncy disapproval

poncho

[D.J.:ˈpɔntʃəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈpɑntʃo]

n.

斗篷

poncho

poncho ponchos
A poncho is a piece of clothing that consists of a long piece of material, usually wool, with a hole cut in the middle through which you put your head. Some ponchos have a hood.
N-COUNT

pond

[D.J.:pɔnd]

[K.K.:pɑnd]

n.

池塘

pond **

pond ponds
A pond is a small area of water that is smaller than a lake. Ponds are often made artificially.

- She chose a bench beside the duck pond and sat down.

- ...a garden pond.

N-COUNT: oft n N
= pool

pond

noun

pool

duck pond

fish pond

millpond

small lake

tarn

ponder

[D.J.:ˈpɔndə]

[K.K.:ˈpɑndɚ]

vt. & vi.

考虑; 深思熟虑

ponder **

ponder ponders pondering pondered
If you ponder something, you think about it carefully.

- I found myself constantly pondering the question: `How could anyone do these things?'.

- The Prime Minister pondered on when to go to the polls.

- I'm continually pondering how to improve the team.

VB
= deliberate

ponder

verb

think

brood

cogitate

consider

contemplate

deliberate

meditate

mull over

muse

reflect

ruminate

ponderous

[D.J.:ˈpɔndərəs]

[K.K.:ˈpɑndərəs]

adj.

沉重的, 笨重的

呆板的;沉闷的

ponderous *

1. ponderous
Ponderous writing or speech is very serious, uses more words than necessary, and is rather dull.

- He had a dense, ponderous style.

ADJ-GRADED

2. ponderously

- ...the rather ponderously titled `Recommendation for National Reconciliation and Salvation'.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. ponderous
A movement or action that is ponderous is very slow or clumsy. (WRITTEN)

- His steps were heavy and ponderous.

ADJ-GRADED

4. ponderously

- Wilson shifted ponderously in his chair.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

ponderous

adjective

1.

dull

heavy

long-winded

pedantic

tedious

2.

unwieldy

bulky

cumbersome

heavy

huge

massive

weighty

3.

clumsy

awkward

heavy-footed

lumbering

pong

[pɔŋ]

n.

恶臭,难闻的气味

pong

pong pongs
A pong is an unpleasant smell. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...the pong of milk and sick and nappies.

N-COUNT
= smell

pontiff

[D.J.:ˈpɔntif]

[K.K.:ˈpɑntɪf]

n.

罗马教皇,主教,大祭司

pontiff

pontiff pontiffs
The Pontiff is the Pope. (FORMAL)

- The Pontiff celebrated mass before a crowd of tens of thousands of worshippers in Mexico City.

N-COUNT: usu the N
= Pope

pontificate

[D.J.:pɔnˈtifikit]

[K.K.:pɑnˈtɪfɪkɪt, -ˌket]

n.

教皇的职位,主教的地位

vi.

装作教皇的说话

pontificate

1. pontificate pontificates pontificating pontificated
If someone pontificates about something, they state their opinions as if they are the only correct ones and nobody could possibly argue against them. (FORMAL)

- Politicians like to pontificate about falling standards.

VB
= preach

2. pontificate pontificates
The pontificate of a pope is the period of time during which he is pope.

- Pope Formosus died of natural causes in 896 after a pontificate of four and a half years.

N-COUNT

pontificate

verb

expound

hold forth

lay down the law

preach

pronounce

sound off

pontoon

[D.J.:pɔnˈtu:n]

[K.K.:pɑnˈtun]

n.

平底船

(架设浮桥用的)浮舟

二十一点牌戏

pontoon

pontoon pontoons
A pontoon is a floating platform, often one used to support a bridge.

- ...a pontoon bridge.

N-COUNT

pony

[D.J.:ˈpəuni]

[K.K.:ˈponi]

n.

矮种马, 小型马

pony **

pony ponies
A pony is a type of small horse.
N-COUNT

pony up **

pony up ponies up; ponying up; ponied up
If you pony up a sum of money, you pay the money that is needed for something, often unwillingly. (AM, INFORMAL)

- The IMF is not prepared to pony up the second half of the $4 billion.

- People can't even afford to pony up for movie tickets.

PHR-V
= stump up

ponytail

[D.J.:ˈpəʊni:ˌteɪl]

[K.K.:ˈponiˌtel]

n.

马尾发;马尾辫

ponytail

ponytail ponytails
A ponytail is a hairstyle in which someone's hair is tied up at the back of the head and hangs down like a tail.

- Her long, fine hair was swept back in a ponytail.

N-COUNT also pony-tail .

poo *

poo poos
Poo is a child's word for faeces. (INFORMAL)
N-VAR

pooch

[D.J.:pu:tʃ]

[K.K.:putʃ]

n.

〈美俚〉狗,杂种狗

pooch

pooch pooches
A pooch is a dog. (INFORMAL, JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT

poodle

[D.J.:ˈpu:dl]

[K.K.:ˈpudl]

n.

卷毛小狗

poodle *

poodle poodles
A poodle is a type of dog with thick curly hair.
N-COUNT

poof

[puf,pu:f]

n.

吹熄蜡烛的声音

poof

1. poof poofs
A poof is a homosexual man. (BRIT, INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT also pouf .

2. poof
Some people say poof to indicate that something happened very suddenly.

- They approach, embrace, and poof! they disappear in a blinding flash of light.

EXCLAM also pouf .

poofter

n.

〈澳俚〉脂粉气的男子,搞同性恋的男子

poofter

poofter poofters
A poofter is a homosexual man. (BRIT, INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT

pooh-pooh

[D.J.:pu:ˈpu:]

[K.K.:ˈpuˈpu]

v.

呸(藐视,嘲笑);发呸声

pooh-pooh

pooh-pooh pooh-poohs pooh-poohing pooh-poohed
If someone pooh-poohs an idea or suggestion, they say or imply that it is foolish, impractical, or unnecessary.

- In the past he has pooh-poohed suggestions that he might succeed Isaacs.

VB
= scorn dismiss

pool

[D.J.:pu:l]

[K.K.:pul]

n.

水池

(液体等的)一滩, 一片

共同储金; 共用物; 共用人员

vt.

集中…共同使用; 共用

pooled

合并的

pooling

联营

pools

n.

(前面与the连用)足球场

pool ***

1. pool pools
A pool is the same as a swimming pool .

- ...a heated indoor pool...

- During winter, many people swim and the pool is crowded.

N-COUNT

2. pool pools
A pool is a fairly small area of still water.

- The pool had dried up and was full of bracken and reeds.

- ...beautiful gardens filled with pools, fountains and rare birds.

N-COUNT
See also rock pool .

3. pool pools
A pool of liquid or light is a small area of it on the ground or on a surface.

- She was found lying in a pool of blood.

- It was raining quietly and steadily and there were little pools of water on the gravel drive.

- The lamps on the side-tables threw warm pools of light on the polished wood.

N-COUNT: N of n

4. pool pools
A pool of people, money, or things is a quantity or number of them that is available for an organization or group to use.

- The available pool of healthy manpower was not as large as military officials had expected.

- The new proposal would create a reserve pool of cash.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n
See also car pool .

5. pool pools pooling pooled
If a group of people or organizations pool their money, knowledge, or equipment, they share it or put it together so that it can be used for a particular purpose.

- We pooled ideas and information.

- Philip and I pooled our savings to start up my business.

VB

6. pool
Pool is a game played on a large table covered with a cloth. Players use a long stick called a cue to hit a white ball across the table so that it knocks coloured balls with numbers on them into six holes around the edge of the table.

- We played pool together and were good mates.

- The Seaman was a bar for pool players and hard drinkers.

- He was shooting pool with two other men.

N-UNCOUNT

7. pool pools
If you do the pools , you take part in a gambling competition in which people try to win money by guessing correctly the results of football matches. (BRIT)

- The odds of winning the pools are about one in 20 million.

N-PLURAL: the N
= football pools

pool

noun

1.

pond

lake

mere

puddle

tarn

2.

swimming pool

swimming bath

pool

noun

1.

syndicate

collective

consortium

group

team

trust

2.

kitty

bank

funds

jackpot

pot

verb

3.

combine

amalgamate

join forces

league

merge

put together

share

poop

[D.J.:pu:p]

[K.K.:pup]

n.

船尾,船尾楼,〈俚〉傻子,真实的消息

v.

冲打(船尾),使精疲力尽;疲乏

poop

poop poops
The poop of an old-fashioned sailing ship is the raised structure at the back end of it.

- ...the poop deck.

N-COUNT

pooped

[pu:pt]

adj.

〈俚〉筋疲力竭的

pooped

pooped
If you are pooped , you are very tired. (AM, INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

poor

[D.J.:puə]

[K.K.:pʊr]

adj.

贫困的, 贫穷的

贫乏的

低劣的; 次等的

(身体)衰弱的

可怜的; 不幸的

poorly

[D.J.:ˈpʊəli:]

[K.K.:ˈpʊrli]

adv.

拙劣地;蹩脚地

poor ****

1. poor poorer poorest
Someone who is poor has very little money and few possessions.

- The reason our schools cannot afford better teachers is because people here are poor.

- He was one of thirteen children from a poor family.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ rich

2. poor
The poor are people who are poor.

- Even the poor have their pride.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. poor poorer poorest
The people in a poor country or area have very little money and few possessions.

- Many countries in the Third World are as poor as they have ever been.

- ...a settlement house for children in a poor neighborhood.

ADJ-GRADED
= impoverished ≠ rich

4. poor
You use poor to express your sympathy for someone.

- I feel sorry for that poor child.

- Poor chap -- he was killed in that air crash when a lot of our athletes were coming back from Paris.

- Poor Gordon!

ADJ: ADJ n

5. poor poorer poorest
If you describe something as poor , you mean that it is of a low quality or standard or that it is in bad condition.

- The flat was in a poor state of repair.

- The gap between the best and poorest childcare provision in the European Community has widened.

- The wine was poor.

ADJ-GRADED
= bad

6. poorly

- Some are living in poorly built dormitories, even in tents.

- They were dressed and fed poorly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed, ADV after v

7. poor poorer poorest
If you describe an amount, rate, or number as poor , you mean that it is less than expected or less than is considered reasonable.

- ...poor wages and working conditions.

ADJ-GRADED
= bad

8. poorly

- During the first week, the evening meetings were poorly attended.

- For one of the top ten releases in rock history, the record sold poorly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed, ADV after v
= badly

9. poor poorer poorest
You use poor to describe someone who is not very skilful in a particular activity.

- He was a poor actor.

- Hospitals are poor at collecting information.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n, also v-link ADJ at -ing/n

10. poorly

- That is the fact of Hungarian football -- they can play very well or very poorly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

11. poor poorer poorest
If something is poor in a particular quality or substance, it contains very little of the quality or substance.

- Fats and sugar are very rich in energy but poor in vitamins, minerals and dietary fibre.

- ...soil that is poor in zinc.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ in n
= low in

poorly *

poorly
If someone is poorly , they are ill. (INFORMAL) (mainly BRIT; in AM use sick )

- I've just phoned Julie and she's still poorly.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
See also poor .

poor

adjective

1.

impoverished

broke informal

destitute

down and out

hard up informal

impecunious

indigent

needy

on the breadline

penniless

penurious

poverty-stricken

short

skint Brit. slang

stony-broke Brit. slang

2.

inadequate

deficient

incomplete

insufficient

lacking

meagre

measly

scant

scanty

skimpy

3.

inferior

below par

low-grade

mediocre

no great shakes informal

not much cop Brit. slang

rotten informal

rubbishy

second-rate

substandard

unsatisfactory

4.

unfortunate

hapless

ill-fated

luckless

pitiable

unlucky

wretched

poorly

adverb

1.

badly

inadequately

incompetently

inexpertly

insufficiently

unsatisfactorily

unsuccessfully

adjective

2.

ill

below par

off colour

rotten informal

seedy informal

sick

under the weather informal

unwell

poorhouse

[D.J.:ˈpʊəˌhaʊs]

[K.K.:ˈpʊrˌhaʊs]

n.

贫民院

poorhouse

poorhouse poorhouses
In former times in Britain, a poorhouse was an institution in which poor people could live. It was paid for by the public.

- I was certain I was on the brink of poverty, going to the poorhouse.

N-COUNT: usu the N also poor-house .
= workhouse

poor relation

poor relation poor relations
If you describe one thing as a poor relation of another, you mean that it is similar to or part of the other thing, but is considered to be inferior to it.

- Watercolour still seems somehow to be the poor relation of oil painting.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

pop

[D.J.:pɔp]

[K.K.:pɑp]

vi.

发出爆裂声

突然离去

vt.

使破裂, 发出短促清脆的声音

n.

(发出)砰的一声

流行音乐

popped

[pɔpt]

adj.

〈美俚〉被逮捕的;被警察局拘押的

popping

[ˈpɔpiŋ]

n.

爆音[裂](收音机障碍),汽船声

adj.

间歇(振荡)的

pop ***

1. pop
Pop is modern music that usually has a strong rhythm and uses electronic equipment.

- ...the perfect combination of Caribbean rhythms, European pop, and American soul...

- Which great British pop band had a hit with `In the Army Now'?

- ...a life-size poster of a pop star...

- I know nothing about pop music.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. pop
You can refer to fizzy drinks such as lemonade as pop . (INFORMAL) (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use soda pop )

- He still visits the village shop for buns and fizzy pop.

- ...glass pop bottles.

N-UNCOUNT

3. pop
Pop is used to represent a short sharp sound, for example the sound made by bursting a balloon or by pulling a cork out of a bottle.

- Each corn kernel will make a loud pop when cooked.

- His back tyre just went pop on a motorway.

N-COUNT; SOUND

4. pop pops popping popped
If something pops , it makes a short sharp sound.

- He untwisted the wire off the champagne bottle, and the cork popped and shot to the ceiling.

VB

5. pop pops popping popped
If your eyes pop , you look very surprised or excited when you see something. (INFORMAL)

- My eyes popped at the sight of the rich variety of food on show.

VB

6. pop pops popping popped
If you pop something somewhere, you put it there quickly. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Marianne got a couple of mugs from the dresser and popped a teabag into each of them.

- He plucked a purple grape from the bunch and popped it in his mouth.

VB

7. pop pops popping popped
If you pop somewhere, you go there for a short time. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He does pop down to the pub, but he seldom stays longer than an hour.

- Wendy popped in for a quick bite to eat on Monday night.

VB

8. pop pops
Some people call their father pop . (INFORMAL) (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use dad )

- I looked at Pop and he had big tears in his eyes.

- Yes, Pop, I made a big mistake -- you and Mark made me realize that.

N-FAMILY

pop.

pop.
Pop. is an abbreviation for population . It is used before a number when indicating the total population of a city or country.

- Somalia, pop. 7.9 million, income per head about £1.60 a week.

pop

verb Informal

1.

burst

bang

crack

explode

go off

snap

2.

put

insert

push

shove

slip

stick

thrust

tuck

noun

3.

bang

burst

crack

explosion

noise

report

pop off ***

1. pop off pops off; popping off; popped off
When someone pops off , they die. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- None of Olive's relatives looked likely to pop off for the time being, thank God.

PHR-V

2. pop off pops off; popping off; popped off
If you pop off , you leave and go somewhere else. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I'll make the tea and you pop off for a while.

- She should pop off back to Scotland.

PHR-V

3. pop off pops off; popping off; popped off
If someone pops off , they say or write something very angrily or in a very emotional way. (AM, INFORMAL)

- The others are meeting to see what they can do to shut him up. He's been popping off to the press.

PHR-V

pop up ***

pop up pops up; popping up; popped up
If someone or something pops up , they appear in a place or situation unexpectedly. (INFORMAL)

- She was startled when Lisa popped up at the door all smiles.

- You solved one problem and another would immediately pop up.

PHR-V
= crop up appear

See also pop-up .

POP3

abbr.

Post Office Protocol 邮局协议3

POP

abbr.

Point of Presence[Post Office Protocol]电话接入网(站)点;邮局协议,用于电子邮件的接收

POP

abbr.

Point of Presence[Post Office Protocol]电话接入网(站)点；邮局协议,用于电子邮件的接收

POP3

abbr.

Post Office Protocol 邮局协议3

POP

POP POPs
A POP is equipment that gives access to the Internet. POP is an abbreviation for `point of presence'.
N-COUNT

pop art

pop art
Pop art is a style of modern art which began in the 1960s. It uses bright colours and takes a lot of its techniques and subject matter from everyday, modern life.

- ...a massive pop-art silk-screen of Buddy Holly.

N-UNCOUNT

popcorn

[D.J.:ˈpɔpkɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈpɑpˌkɔrn]

n.

爆米花

popcorn *

popcorn
Popcorn is a snack which consists of grains of maize or corn that have been heated until they have burst and become large and light. It can be eaten with salt or sometimes sugar.
N-UNCOUNT

pope

[D.J.:pu:p]

[K.K.:pop]

n.

罗马教皇,主教,蒲柏(1688-1744,英国诗人),大腿上要害部位

vt.

打大腿上的要害部位

pope **

pope popes
The Pope is the head of the Roman Catholic Church.

- The highlight of the Pope's visit will be his message to the people.

- ...Pope John Paul II.

N-COUNT: usu the N; N-TITLE
= Pontiff

pope

noun

Holy Father

Bishop of Rome

pontiff

Vicar of Christ

poplar

[D.J.:ˈpɔplə]

[K.K.:ˈpɑplɚ]

n.

杨树

杨木

poplar *

poplar poplars
A poplar is a type of tall thin tree.
N-VAR

poplin

[D.J.:ˈpɔplin]

[K.K.:ˈpɑplɪn]

n.

毛葛,府绸

poplin

poplin
Poplin is a type of cotton material used to make clothes.
N-UNCOUNT

poppadom

n.

(通常夹着咖哩吃的)一种印度薄饼

poppadom

poppadom poppadoms
A poppadom is a very thin circular crisp made from a mixture of flour and water, which is fried in oil. Poppadoms are usually eaten with Indian food.
N-COUNT

popper

[D.J.:ˈpɔpə]

[K.K.:ˈpɑpɚ]

n.

发出砰的响声的人(或物),服药成瘾者

popper

1. popper poppers
A popper is a device for fastening clothes. It consists of two pieces of plastic or metal which you press together. (BRIT; in AM use snap fastener or snap )
N-COUNT

2. popper poppers
A popper is a pan or basket that you use when making popcorn. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

poppy

[D.J.:ˈpɔpi:]

[K.K.:ˈpɑpi]

n.

<植>罂粟

poppy *

1. poppy poppies
A poppy is a plant with a large, delicate flower, usually red in colour. The drug opium is obtained from one type of poppy.

- ...a field of poppies.

N-COUNT

2. poppy poppies
In Britain, on a particular day in November, people wear an artificial poppy in memory of the people who died in the two world wars.

- She pinned the poppy to his raincoat.

- ...a wreath of poppies.

N-COUNT

Popsicle

Popsicle Popsicles
A Popsicle is a piece of flavoured ice or ice cream on a stick. (TRADEMARK) (AM; in BRIT use ice lolly )
N-COUNT

populace

[D.J.:ˈpɔpjəlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈpɑpjəlɪs]

n.

百姓, 平民

populace *

populace
The populace of a country is its people. (FORMAL)

- ...a large proportion of the populace.

N-UNCOUNT: usu the N
= population

populace

noun

people

general public

hoi polloi

masses

mob

multitude

popular

[D.J.:ˈpɔpjulə]

[K.K.:ˈpɑpjəlɚ]

adj.

流行的, 受大众欢迎的

通俗的, 大众(化)的

普通的; 一般的; 广泛的

公众的

popularity

[D.J.:ˌpɔpjəˈlærɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌpɑpjəˈlærɪti]

n.

普遍,流行;受欢迎;有声望

popular ****

1. popular
Something that is popular is enjoyed or liked by a lot of people.

- This is the most popular ball game ever devised.

- Chocolate sauce is always popular with youngsters.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unpopular

2. popularity

- ...the growing popularity of Australian wines among consumers...

- Walking and golf increased in popularity during the 1980s.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

3. popular
Someone who is popular is liked by most people, or by most people in a particular group.

- He remained the most popular politician in France.

- He was not only talented but immensely popular with his colleagues.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unpopular

4. popularity

- It is his popularity with ordinary people that sets him apart.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

5. popular
Popular newspapers, television programmes, or forms of art are aimed at ordinary people and not at experts or intellectuals.

- Once again the popular press in Britain has been rife with stories about their marriage.

- ...one of the classics of modern popular music.

- ...the popular culture of his native Mexico.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. popular
Popular ideas, feelings, or attitudes are approved of or held by most people.

- Contrary to popular belief, the oil companies can't control the price of crude.

- The military government has been unable to win popular support.

- Popular anger has been expressed in demonstrations.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

7. popularity

- Over time, though, Watson's views gained in popularity.

N-UNCOUNT

8. popular
Popular is used to describe political activities which involve the ordinary people of a country, and not just members of political parties.

- The late President Ferdinand Marcos was overthrown by a popular uprising in 1986.

ADJ: ADJ n

popular

adjective

1.

well-liked

accepted

approved

fashionable

favourite

in

in demand

in favour

liked

sought-after

2.

common

conventional

current

general

prevailing

prevalent

universal

popularity

noun

favour

acceptance

acclaim

approval

currency

esteem

regard

vogue

popularization

n.

普及

popularize

[D.J.:ˈpɔpjələˌraɪz]

[K.K.:ˈpɑpjələˌraɪz]

vt.

使受欢迎, 使有名望

普及, 推广

使通俗化;使易懂

popularize *

1. popularize popularizes popularizing popularized
To popularize something means to make a lot of people interested in it and able to enjoy it.

- Irving Brokaw, who had studied figure skating in Europe, returned to the US and popularized the new sport.

VB (BRIT) also popularise

2. popularization

- ...the popularisation of sport through television.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. popularize popularizes popularizing popularized
To popularize an academic subject or scientific idea means to make it more easy to understand for ordinary people.

- It was Aristotle who proved the world is round. Plato popularized the concept.

VB (BRIT) also popularise

4. popularization

- He became world famous for his popularisation of science.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

popularize

verb

make popular

disseminate

give currency to

give mass appeal

make available to all

spread

universalize

popularly

[D.J.:ˈpɔpjʊləlɪ]

adv.

一般地;广泛地

popularly *

1. popularly
If something or someone is popularly known as something, most people call them that, although it is not their official name or title.

- ...the Mesozoic era, more popularly known as the age of dinosaurs.

- ...an infection popularly called mad cow disease.

- ...the United States Immigration Commission, known popularly as the Dillingham Commission.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with -ed
= commonly

2. popularly
If something is popularly believed or supposed to be the case, most people believe or suppose it to be the case, although it may not be true.

- Schizophrenia is not a `split mind' as is popularly believed.

- She possessed the vibrant personality that is so often popularly associated with Spanish women.

ADV: ADV -ed
= commonly

3. popularly
A popularly elected leader or government has been elected by a majority of the people in a country.

- Walesa was Poland's first popularly elected President.

ADV: ADV -ed
= democratically

popularly

adverb

generally

commonly

conventionally

customarily

ordinarily

traditionally

universally

usually

widely

populate

[D.J.:ˈpɔpjəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpɑpjəˌlet]

vt.

居住于, 生活于

移民于, 落户于

populated

粒子数增加的

populate *

1. populate populates populating populated
If an area is populated by certain people or animals, those people or animals live there, often in large numbers.

- Before all this the island was populated by native American Arawaks.

- ...native Sindhis, who populate the surrounding villages.

VB
= inhabit

2. populated

- The southeast is the most densely populated area.

- Rural areas are sparsely populated.

ADJ-GRADED: adv ADJ

3. -populated

- Shelling from federal army tanks razed half the houses in the Croat-populated part of Glina.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

4. populate populates populating populated
To populate an area means to cause people to live there.

- Successive regimes annexed the region and populated it with lowland people.

VB

5. populate populates populating populated
The people or characters who populate an area of public life or a piece of entertainment are the people or characters in it.

- ...the diligent and discreet technocrats who populate the upper reaches of French power.

- ...the sort of low-life characters who populate the film.

VB

populate

verb

inhabit

colonize

live in

occupy

settle

population

[D.J.:ˌpɔpjuˈleiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən]

n.

人口

全体居民

特定人[动物]群

population ****

1. population populations
The population of a country or area is all the people who live in it.

- Bangladesh now has a population of about 110 million.

- ...the annual rate of population growth.

- ...the local population.

N-COUNT

2. population populations
If you refer to a particular type of population in a country or area, you are referring to all the people or animals of that type there. (FORMAL)

- ...75.6 per cent of the male population over sixteen.

- ...areas with a large black population.

- ...the elephant populations of Tanzania and Kenya.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

population

noun

inhabitants

community

denizens

folk

natives

people

residents

society

populism

[D.J.:ˈpɔpjulizəm]

[K.K.:ˈpɑpjəˌlɪzəm]

n.

平民主义，平民论

populism

populism
Populism refers to political activities or ideas that claim to promote the interests and opinions of ordinary people. (FORMAL)

- ...an artful blend of Russian nationalism and economic populism.

- ...a wave of populism.

N-UNCOUNT

populist

[D.J.:ˈpɔpjulist]

[K.K.:ˈpɑpjəlɪst]

n.

平民主义者, 平民论者

平民党党员

populist *

1. populist
If you describe a politician or an artist as populist , you mean that they claim to care about the interests and opinions of ordinary people rather than those of a small group. (FORMAL)

- ...Jose Sarney, the current populist president...

- The city of Memphis is promoting a populist approach to culture.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ ´elitist

2. populist populists
A populist is someone who expresses populist views.
N-COUNT
≠ ´elitist

populous

[D.J.:ˈpɔpjələs]

[K.K.:ˈpɑpjələs]

adj.

人口众多的;人口稠密的

populous *

populous
A populous country or area has a lot of people living in it. (FORMAL)

- Indonesia, with 216 million people, is the fourth most populous country in the world.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

populous

adjective

populated

crowded

heavily populated

overpopulated

packed

swarming

teeming

pop-up

[D.J.:ˈpɔpˌʌp]

[K.K.:ˈpɑpˌʌp]

n.

〈美〉枪击,弹出

pop-up *

1. pop-up
A pop-up book , usually a children's book, has pictures that stand up when you open the pages.
ADJ: ADJ n

2. pop-up
A pop-up toaster has a mechanism that pushes slices of bread up when they are toasted.
ADJ: ADJ n

porcelain

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:slin]

[K.K.:ˈpɔrsəlɪn, ˈpor-, ˈpɔrslɪn, ˈpors-]

n.

瓷, 瓷器

porcelain *

1. porcelain
Porcelain is a hard, shiny substance made by heating clay. It is used to make delicate cups, plates, and ornaments.

- There were lilies everywhere in tall white porcelain vases.

N-UNCOUNT

2. porcelain porcelains
A porcelain is an ornament that is made of porcelain. You can refer to a number of such ornaments as porcelain .

- ...decorative 17th and 18th century porcelains.

- ...a priceless collection of English porcelain.

N-VAR

porch

[D.J.:pɔ:tʃ]

[K.K.:pɔrtʃ, portʃ]

n.

门廊

porch *

1. porch porches
A porch is a sheltered area at the entrance to a building. It has a roof and sometimes has walls.

- Is there a light in the porch or garden?

N-COUNT

2. porch porches
A porch is a raised platform built along the outside wall of a house and often covered with a roof. (AM; in BRIT usually use veranda )

- We'd eat during the hot summer evenings on the front porch.

N-COUNT

porcupine

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:kjəˌpaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈpɔrkjəˌpaɪn]

n.

豪猪;箭猪

porcupine

porcupine porcupines
A porcupine is an animal with many long, thin, sharp spikes on its back that stick out as protection when it is attacked.
N-COUNT

pore

[D.J.:pɔ:]

[K.K.:pɔr, por]

n.

(皮肤上的)毛孔, 微孔

vi.

仔细阅读, 熟读

pore *

1. pore pores
Your pores are the tiny holes in your skin.

- The size of your pores is determined by the amount of oil they produce.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. pore pores
The pores of a plant are the tiny holes on its surface.

- A plant's lungs are the microscopic pores in its leaves.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. pore pores poring pored
If you pore over or through information, you look at it and study it very carefully.

- We spent hours poring over travel brochures.

- It will take several more months to pore through the volumes of documents.

VB

4. pore
You can say that someone has a certain quality or emotion coming from every pore to emphasize the strength of that quality or emotion.

- She oozes sexuality from every pore.

- Waves of misery penetrated every pore.

PHR emphasis

pore

verb

pore over

study

examine

peruse

ponder

read

scrutinize

pore

noun

opening

hole

orifice

outlet

pork

[D.J.:pɔ:k]

[K.K.:pɔrk, pork]

n.

猪肉

pork **

pork
Pork is meat from a pig, usually fresh and not smoked or salted.

- ...fried pork chops.

- ...a packet of pork sausages.

N-UNCOUNT

pork barrel

pork barrel
If you say that someone is using pork barrel politics, you mean that they are spending a lot of government money on a local project in order to win the votes of the people who live in that area. (mainly AM)

- Pork-barrel politicians hand out rents to win votes and influence people.

N-SING: usu N n also pork-barrel . disapproval

pork pie

pork pie pork pies
A pork pie is a round, tall pie with cooked pork inside, which is eaten cold. (BRIT)
N-VAR

porn

[D.J.:pɔ:n]

[K.K.:pɔrn]

n.

〈口〉色情文学,色情描写

porn *

porn
Porn is the same as pornography . (INFORMAL)

- ...a porn cinema.

N-UNCOUNT
See also soft porn , hard porn .

porno

[ˈpɔ:nəu]

n.

pornographer [pornography] 色情书刊

porno

porno
Porno is the same as pornographic .

- ...porno mags.

ADJ

pornographer

[pɔ:ˈnɔɡrəfə]

n.

色情作品作者(发行人或出售商)

pornographer

pornographer pornographers
A pornographer is a person who produces or sells pornography.
N-COUNT disapproval

pornographic

[D.J.:ˌpɔ:nəˈgræfɪk]

adj.

色情的,淫秽的

pornographic *

pornographic
Pornographic materials such as films, videos, and magazines are designed to cause sexual excitement by showing naked people or referring to sexual acts.

- I found out he'd been watching pornographic videos.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

pornographic

adjective

obscene

blue

dirty

filthy

indecent

lewd

salacious

smutty

pornography

[D.J.:pɔ:ˈnɔgrəfi:]

[K.K.:pɔrˈnɑɡrəfi]

n.

色情描绘, 色情表演

色情作品

pornography *

pornography
Pornography refers to books, magazines, and films that are designed to cause sexual excitement by showing naked people or referring to sexual acts.

- China's leading newspaper has called for a new campaign against pornography in China.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

pornography

noun

obscenity

dirt

filth

indecency

porn informal

smut

porosity

[D.J.:pɔ:ˈrɔsiti]

[K.K.:pəˈrɑsɪti, pɔ-]

n.

多孔性,有孔性

porosity

porosity
Porosity is the quality of being porous. (FORMAL)

- ...the porosity of the coal.

N-UNCOUNT

porous

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:rəs, ˈpəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈpɔrəs, ˈpor-]

adj.

能穿透的, 能渗透的

有毛孔或气孔的

porous *

porous
Something that is porous has many small holes in it, which water and air can pass through.

- The local limestone is so porous that all the rainwater immediately sinks below ground.

ADJ-GRADED
= permeable

porous

adjective

permeable

absorbent

absorptive

penetrable

spongy

porpoise

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:pəs]

[K.K.:ˈpɔrpəs]

n.

<动>鼠海豚

porpoise

porpoise porpoises
A porpoise is a sea animal that looks like a large grey fish. Porpoises usually swim about in groups.
N-COUNT

porridge

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:rɪdʒ, ˈpɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈpɔrɪdʒ, ˈpɑr-]

n.

粥, 麦片粥

do porridge

坐牢；蹲班房

porridge *

porridge
Porridge is a thick sticky food made from oats cooked in water or milk and eaten hot, especially for breakfast. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use oatmeal )
N-UNCOUNT

port

[D.J.:pɔ:t]

[K.K.:pɔrt, port]

n.

港口, 商港

港埠, 港口城镇

port ***

1. port ports
A port is a town by the sea or on a river, which has a harbour.

- Port-Louis is an attractive little fishing port.

- ...the Mediterranean port of Marseilles.

N-COUNT

2. port ports
A port is a harbour area where ships load and unload goods or passengers.

- ...the bridges which link the port area to the city centre.

- ...the city's port authority.

N-COUNT: oft N n

3. port ports
A port on a computer is a place where you can attach another piece of equipment, for example a printer.
N-COUNT

4. port
In sailing, the port side of a ship is the left side when you are on it and facing towards the front. (TECHNICAL)

- Her official number is carved on the port side of the forecabin.

ADJ
≠ starboard

5. port
Also a noun.

- USS Ogden turned to port.

N-UNCOUNT: usu to N
≠ starboard

6. port
Port is a type of strong, sweet red wine.

- He asked for a glass of port after dinner.

N-UNCOUNT

port

noun

harbour

anchorage

haven

seaport

portability

[ˌpɔ:təˈbiləti]

n.

可携带,轻便

portable

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:təbl]

[K.K.:ˈpɔrtəbəl, ˈpor-]

adj.

便于携带的; 手提式的; 轻便的

portable **

1. portable
A portable machine or device is designed to be easily carried or moved.

- There was a little portable television switched on behind the bar.

- I always carry a portable computer with me.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. portability

- When it came to choosing photographic equipment portability was as important as reliability.

N-UNCOUNT

3. portable portables
A portable is something such as a television, radio, or computer which can be easily carried or moved.

- We bought a colour portable for the bedroom.

N-COUNT

portable

adjective

light

compact

convenient

easily carried

handy

manageable

movable

Portakabin

n.

活动房屋（商标名称）

Portakabin

Portakabin Portakabins
A Portakabin is a small building that can be moved by truck and that can be used for a short period of time, for example as a temporary office. (TRADEMARK)
N-COUNT

portal

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:təl]

[K.K.:ˈpɔrtl, ˈpor-]

n.

入口

portal

1. portal portals
A portal is a large impressive doorway at the entrance to a building. (LITERARY)

- I went in through the royal portal.

N-COUNT

2. portal portals
On the Internet, a portal is a site that consists of links to other websites.
N-COUNT
= gateway

portcullis

[D.J.:pɔ:tˈkʌlis]

[K.K.:pɔrtˈkʌlɪs, port-]

n.

铁闸门,吊闸

vt.

给…装吊闸

portcullis

portcullis portcullises
A portcullis is a strong gate above an entrance to a castle and used to be lowered to the ground in order to keep out enemies.
N-COUNT

portend

[D.J.:pɔ:ˈtend, pəʊr-]

[K.K.:pɔrˈtɛnd, por-]

vt.

预示,预兆;给…以警告,预告

portend

portend portends portending portended
If something portends an event or occurrence, it indicates that it is likely to happen in the future. (FORMAL)

- The change did not portend a basic improvement in social conditions.

VB

portend

verb

foretell

augur

betoken

bode

foreshadow

herald

indicate

predict

prognosticate

promise

warn of

portent

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:ˌtent, ˈpəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈpɔrˌtɛnt, ˈpor-]

n.

预兆,征兆

怪事,奇物,奇迹

portent

portent portents
A portent is something that indicates what is likely to happen in the future. (FORMAL)

- The savage civil war there could be a portent of what's to come in the rest of the region.

- I hope this is a portent for the rest of the year.

- As for her engagement with Adam, I would say the portents are gloomy.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= indication sign

portent

noun

omen

augury

forewarning

indication

prognostication

sign

warning

portentous

[D.J.:pɔ:ˈtentəs, pəʊr-]

[K.K.:pɔrˈtɛntəs, por-]

adj.

预兆的,凶兆的

自命不凡的,装腔作势的

portentous

1. portentous
If someone's way of speaking, writing, or behaving is portentous , they speak, write, or behave more seriously than necessary because they want to impress other people. (FORMAL)

- There was nothing portentous or solemn about him. He was bubbling with humour.

- ...portentous prose.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= pompous

2. portentously

- `The difference is,' he said portentously, `you are Anglo-Saxons, we are Latins.'

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. portentous
Something that is portentous is important in indicating or affecting future events. (FORMAL)

- In social politics, too, the city's contribution to 20th century thought and culture was no less portentous.

- Portentous choices were forced on him by the dozen.

ADJ-GRADED

portentous

adjective

1.

significant

crucial

fateful

important

menacing

momentous

ominous

2.

pompous

ponderous

self-important

solemn

porter

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:tə]

[K.K.:ˈpɔrtɚ, ˈpor-]

n.

搬运工人

门童

porter **

1. porter porters
A porter is a person whose job is to be in charge of the entrance of a building such as a hotel. (BRIT; in AM use doorman )
N-COUNT
= concierge

2. porter porters
A porter is a person whose job is to carry things, for example people's luggage at a railway station or in a hotel.
N-COUNT

3. porter porters
A porter on a train is a person whose job is to make up beds in the sleeping car and to help passengers. (AM; in BRIT usually use attendant )
N-COUNT

4. porter porters
In a hospital, a porter is someone whose job is to move patients from place to place. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use orderly )
N-COUNT

porter

noun

baggage attendant

bearer

carrier

porter

noun

doorman

caretaker

concierge

gatekeeper

janitor

portfolio

[D.J.:pɔ:tˈfəʊli:ˌəʊ, pəʊrt-]

[K.K.:pɔrtˈfoliˌo, port-]

n.

公事包, 文件夹

投资组合

大臣或部长的职位或职责

portfolio **

1. portfolio portfolios
A portfolio is a set of pictures by someone, or photographs of examples of their work, which they use when entering competitions or applying for work.

- After dinner that evening, Edith showed them a portfolio of her own political cartoons.

N-COUNT

2. portfolio portfolios
In finance, a portfolio is the combination of shares or other investments that a particular person or company has.

- Short-term securities can also be held as part of an investment portfolio.

- ...Roger Early, a portfolio manager at Federated Investors Corp.

N-COUNT

3. portfolio portfolios
A minister without portfolio is a politician who is given the rank of minister without being given responsibility for any particular area of a government's activities. (FORMAL)

- He has held the defence portfolio since the first free elections in 1990.

- He was appointed government leader in the senate, and minister without portfolio.

PHR: minister inflects

4. portfolio portfolios
A company's portfolio of products or designs is their range of products or designs. (FORMAL)

- The company has continued to invest heavily in a strong portfolio of products.

N-COUNT
= range

porthole

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:tˌhəʊl, ˈpəʊrt-]

[K.K.:ˈpɔrtˌhol, ˈport-]

n.

舷窗

porthole

porthole portholes
A porthole is a small round window in the side of a ship or aircraft.

- Dan was in his cabin, staring out of a porthole.

N-COUNT

portico

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:tɪˌkəʊ, ˈpəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈpɔrtɪˌko, ˈpor-]

n.

柱廊;(有圆柱的)门廊

portico

portico porticoes or porticos
A portico is a large covered area at the entrance to a building, with pillars supporting the roof. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

portion

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˈpɔrʃən, ˈpor-]

n.

一部分, 一份

vt.

把…分成份额, 分配

portion **

1. portion portions
A portion of something is a part of it.

- Damage was confined to a small portion of the castle.

- I have spent a fairly considerable portion of my life here.

- I had learnt a portion of the Koran.

- Insurance can represent a significant portion of the total price of a holiday.

N-COUNT: N of n
= part

2. portion portions
A portion is the amount of food that is given to one person at a meal.

- Desserts can be substituted by a portion of fresh fruit.

- The portions were generous.

- ...fish and chips at about £2.70 a portion.

N-COUNT
= serving

portion

noun

1.

part

bit

fragment

morsel

piece

scrap

section

segment

2.

share

allocation

allotment

allowance

lot

measure

quantity

quota

ration

3.

helping

piece

serving

4.

destiny

fate

fortune

lot

luck

verb

portion out

5.

divide

allocate

allot

apportion

deal

distribute

dole out

share out

portly

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:tli:, ˈpəʊrt-]

[K.K.:ˈpɔrtli, ˈport-]

adj.

肥胖的

portly

portly portlier portliest
A portly person, especially a man, is rather fat. (FORMAL)

- ...a portly middle-aged man.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= stout

portly

adjective

stout

burly

corpulent

fat

fleshy

heavy

large

plump

port of call

1. port of call ports of call
A port of call is a place where a ship stops during a journey.

- Their first port of call will be Cape Town.

N-COUNT

2. port of call ports of call
A port of call is any place where you stop for a short time when you are visiting several places, shops, or people. (INFORMAL)

- The local tourist office should be your first port of call in any town.

N-COUNT

portrait

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:trit]

[K.K.:ˈpɔrtrɪt, -ˌtret, ˈpor-]

n.

肖像, 画像

生动的描写

portrait ***

portrait portraits
A portrait is a painting, drawing, or photograph of a particular person.

- Lucian Freud has been asked to paint a portrait of the Queen.

- ...the English portrait painter Augustus John.

N-COUNT

portrait

noun

1.

picture

image

likeness

painting

photograph

representation

2.

description

characterization

depiction

portrayal

profile

thumbnail sketch

portraitist

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:tritist]

[K.K.:ˈpɔrtrətɪst, por-]

n.

肖像画家,人像摄影家

portraitist

portraitist portraitists
A portraitist is an artist who paints or draws people's portraits. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

portraiture

[D.J.:ˈpɔ:trɪˌtʃʊə, ˈpəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈpɔrtrɪˌtʃʊr, ˈpor-]

n.

肖像画法

描绘,描写,描述

肖像,画像,照片

portraiture

portraiture
Portraiture is the art of painting or drawing portraits. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

portray

[D.J.:pɔ:ˈtrei]

[K.K.:pɔrˈtre, por-]

vt.

画像; 描述

扮演

portray **

1. portray portrays portraying portrayed
When an actor or actress portrays someone, he or she plays that person in a play or film.

- In 1975 he portrayed the king in a Los Angeles revival of `Camelot'.

- ...the busty and rumbustious Mrs Hall, excellently portrayed by Toni Palmer.

VB

2. portray portrays portraying portrayed
When a writer or artist portrays something, he or she writes a description or produces a painting of it.

- ...this northern novelist, who accurately portrays provincial domestic life.

- ...the landscape as portrayed by painters such as Claude and Poussin.

VB
= depict

3. portray portrays portraying portrayed
If a film, book, or television programme portrays someone in a certain way, it represents them in that way.

- She says the programme portrayed her as a `lady of easy virtue'.

- ...complaints about the way women are portrayed in adverts.

VB
= represent

portray

verb

1.

represent

depict

draw

figure

illustrate

paint

picture

sketch

2.

describe

characterize

depict

put in words

3.

play

act the part of

represent

portrayal

[D.J.:pɔ:ˈtreɪəl, pəʊr-]

[K.K.:pɔrˈtreəl, por-]

n.

画像,描述;描写,扮演;描摹,表现

portrayal *

1. portrayal portrayals
An actor's portrayal of a character in a play or film is the way that he or she plays the character.

- Mr Ying is well-known for his portrayal of a prison guard in the film `The Last Emperor'.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu poss N of n

2. portrayal portrayals
An artist's portrayal of something is a drawing, painting, or photograph of it.

- `Scene with a Winding River' (1827) is a near-monochrome portrayal of a wood infused with silvery light.

- ...a moving portrayal of St John the Evangelist by Simone Martini.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= depiction representation

3. portrayal portrayals
The portrayal of something in a book or film is the act of describing it or showing it.

- This is a sensitive and often funny portrayal of a friendship between two 11-year-old boys.

- ...Leigh's portrayal of English society.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n
= depiction

4. portrayal portrayals
The portrayal of something in a book, film, or programme is the way that it is made to appear.

- The media persists in its portrayal of us as muggers, dope sellers and gangsters.

- I get criticized for the portrayal of women in that movie.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= depiction

portrayal

noun

representation

characterization

depiction

interpretation

performance

picture

Portuguese

[D.J.:ˌpɔ:tʃəˈgi:z, -ˈgi:s, ˌpəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˌpɔrtʃəˈɡiz, -ˈɡis, ˌpor-]

n.

葡萄牙人,葡萄牙语

adj.

葡萄牙的,葡萄牙人的,葡语的

Portuguese ***

1. Portuguese
Something that is Portuguese belongs or relates to Portugal, or its people, language, or culture.

- ...a former Portuguese colony.

- ...a Portuguese woman.

- ...the Portuguese Grand Prix.

ADJ

2. Portuguese
The Portuguese are the people of Portugal.

- ...a former palace built by the Portuguese.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. Portuguese
Portuguese is the language spoken in Portugal, Brazil, Angola, and Mozambique.

- If you are intent on learning to speak Portuguese, there is no better place.

- ...the leading news agency in the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking world.

N-UNCOUNT

pos

〈美口〉便壶,夜壶(po的复数)

pos.

pos.
Pos. is the written abbreviation for positive .

pose

[D.J.:pəuz]

[K.K.:poz]

vt. & vi.

使摆姿势; 以…身份出现

vt.

提出

n.

姿势, 姿态

装腔作势, 伪装

pose ***

1. pose poses posing posed
If something poses a problem or a danger, it is the cause of that problem or danger.

- This could pose a threat to jobs in the coal industry.

- His ill health poses serious problems for the future.

VB

2. pose poses posing posed
If you pose a question, you ask it. If you pose an issue that needs considering, you mention the issue. (FORMAL)

- When I finally posed the question, `Why?' he merely shrugged.

- ...the moral issues posed by new technologies.

VB
= raise

3. pose poses posing posed
If you pose as someone, you pretend to be that person in order to deceive people.

- The team posed as drug dealers to trap the ringleaders.

VB

4. pose poses posing posed
If you pose for a photograph or painting, you stay in a particular position so that someone can photograph you or paint you.

- Before going into their meeting the six foreign ministers posed for photographs.

VB

5. pose poses posing posed
You can say that people are posing when you think that they are behaving in an insincere or exaggerated way because they want to make a particular impression on other people.

- He criticized them for dressing outrageously and posing pretentiously.

VB: usu cont disapproval

6. pose poses
A pose is a particular way that you stand, sit, or lie, for example when you are being photographed or painted.

- We have had several preliminary sittings in various poses.

N-COUNT

7. pose poses
A pose is an insincere or exaggerated way of behaving that is intended to make a particular impression on other people.

- In many writers modesty is a pose, but in Ford it seems to have been genuine.

N-COUNT disapproval

pose

verb

1.

position

model

sit

2.

put on airs

posture

show off informal

pose as

3.

impersonate

masquerade as

pass oneself off as

pretend to be

profess to be

noun

4.

posture

attitude

bearing

position

stance

5.

act

affectation

air

fa¸cade

front

mannerism

posturing

pretence

poser

[D.J.:ˈpəʊzə]

[K.K.:ˈpozɚ]

n.

<非正>难题;困难;棘手的事

<贬>装腔作势的人;装模作样的人

poser

1. poser posers
A poser is the same as a poseur .

- He's such a poser.

N-COUNT disapproval

2. poser posers
A poser is a difficult problem or puzzle. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- Here is a little poser for you.

N-COUNT
= puzzle

poser

noun

puzzle

enigma

problem

question

riddle

poseur

[D.J.:pəʊˈzɜ:r]

[K.K.:poˈzə..r]

n.

装腔作势的人

poseur

poseur poseurs
You can describe someone as a poseur when you think that they behave in an insincere or exaggerated way because they want to make a particular impression on other people.

- I am sometimes accused of being an inveterate poseur.

N-COUNT disapproval
= poser

posh

[D.J.:pɔʃ]

[K.K.:pɑʃ]

adj.

精美的;豪华的;漂亮的

时髦的;优雅的

上等阶层的

poshly

adv.

精美地;豪华地;漂亮地

poshness

n.

精美,豪华,优雅

posh *

1. posh posher poshest
If you describe something as posh , you mean that it is smart, fashionable, and expensive. (INFORMAL)

- Celebrating a promotion, I took her to a posh hotel for a cocktail.

- ...a posh car.

- ...a posh dinner party.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= swish grand

2. posh posher poshest
If you describe a person as posh , you mean that they belong to or behave as if they belong to the upper classes. (INFORMAL)

- I wouldn't have thought she had such posh friends.

- He sounded so posh on the phone.

ADJ-GRADED
= upper class

posh

adjective Informal

upper-class

classy slang

grand

high-class

luxurious

ritzy slang

smart

stylish

swanky informal

swish informal chiefly Brit.

up-market

posit

[D.J.:ˈpɔzɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpɑzɪt]

vt.

假定,设想,假设

posit

posit posits positing posited
If you posit something, you suggest or assume it as the basis for an argument or calculation. (FORMAL)

- Several writers have posited the idea of a universal consciousness.

- Callahan goes further, positing that chemical elements radiate electromagnetic signals.

VB
= postulate

posit

verb

put forward

advance

assume

postulate

presume

propound

state

position

[D.J.:pəˈziʃən]

[K.K.:pəˈzɪʃən]

n.

方位, 位置

地位, 身份

职位, 职务

姿势, 姿态

状态, 状况, 境况, 形势

态度, 立场

阵地

vt.

将(某物)放在(某一)位置上

positioning

[pəˈziʃəniŋ]

n.

配置,布置

position *****

1. position positions
The position of someone or something is the place where they are in relation to other things.

- The ship was identified, and its name and position were reported to the coastguard.

- This conservatory enjoys an enviable position overlooking a leafy expanse.

N-COUNT
= location

2. position positions
When someone or something is in a particular position , they are sitting, lying, or arranged in that way.

- It is crucial that the upper back and neck are held in an erect position to give support for the head.

- Ensure the patient is turned into the recovery position.

- Mr. Dambar had raised himself to a sitting position.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. position positions positioning positioned
If you position something somewhere, you put it there carefully, so that it is in the right place or position.

- Position trailing plants near the edges and in the sides of the basket to hang down.

- Place the pastry circles on to a baking sheet and position one apple on each circle.

VB
= place

4. position positions
Your position in society is the role and the importance that you have in it.

- Adjustment to their changing role and position in society can be painful for some old people.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

5. position positions
A position in a company or organization is a job. (FORMAL)

- He left a career in teaching to take up a position with the Arts Council.

- Hyundai said this week it is scaling back its U.S. operations by eliminating 50 positions.

N-COUNT
= post

6. position positions
Your position in a race or competition is how well you did in relation to the other competitors or how well you are doing.

- Agassi and Sampras resumed their battle for the world's No. 1 position, both winning their opening matches.

- By the ninth hour the car was running in eighth position.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= place

7. position positions
You can describe your situation at a particular time by saying that you are in a particular position .

- He's going to be in a very difficult position indeed if things go badly for him.

- Companies should be made to reveal more about their financial position.

- It was not the only time he found himself in this position.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp
= situation

8. position positions
Your position on a particular matter is your attitude towards it or your opinion of it. (FORMAL)

- He could be depended on to take a moderate position on most of the key issues.

- Mr Howard is afraid to state his true position on the republic, which is that he is opposed to it.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= stance

9. position
If you are in a position to do something, you are able to do it. If you are in no position to do something, you are unable to do it.

- The UN system will be in a position to support the extensive relief efforts needed.

- I am not in a position to comment.

N-SING: N to-inf

10. position
If someone or something is in position , they are in their correct or usual place or arrangement.

- This second door is an extra security measure and can be locked in position during the day.

- Some 28,000 US troops are moving into position.

PHR: usu PHR after v

position

noun

1.

place

area

bearings

locale

location

point

post

situation

spot

station

whereabouts

2.

posture

arrangement

attitude

pose

stance

3.

attitude

belief

opinion

outlook

point of view

slant

stance

view

viewpoint

4.

status

importance

place

prestige

rank

reputation

standing

station

stature

5.

job

duty

employment

occupation

office

place

post

role

situation

verb

6.

place

arrange

lay out

locate

put

set

stand

position paper

position paper position papers
A position paper is a detailed report which usually explains or recommends a particular course of action.
N-COUNT

positive

[D.J.:ˈpɔzitiv]

[K.K.:ˈpɑzɪtɪv]

adj.

确实的, 明确的

积极的; 肯定的

表现得有信心和有希望的, 确信的

〈数〉〈电〉正的, 阳性的

完全的; 纯粹的

n.

〈语〉原级形容词

确实; 正量, 正数

正片

positively

[D.J.:ˈpɔzətɪvlɪ]

adv.

极其;绝对地;十分肯定地;坚定地

positive ****

1. positive
If you are positive about things, you are hopeful and confident, and think of the good aspects of a situation rather than the bad ones.

- Be positive about your future and get on with living a normal life.

- Her husband became much more positive and was soon back in full-time employment.

- ...a positive frame of mind.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n
= optimistic ≠ negative

2. positively

- You really must try to start thinking positively.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. positive
A positive fact, situation, or experience is pleasant and helpful to you in some way.

- The parting from his sister had a positive effect on John.

- Working abroad should be an exciting and positive experience for all concerned.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= constructive ≠ negative

4. positive
The positive in a situation is the good and pleasant aspects of it.

- Work on the positive, creating beautiful, loving and fulfilling relationships.

N-SING: the N
≠ negative

5. positive
If you make a positive decision or take positive action, you do something definite in order to deal with a task or problem.

- There are positive changes that should be implemented in the rearing of animals.

- He was expected to make a very positive contribution to the 1996 Games organisation.

- Having a good diet gives me a sense that I'm doing something positive and that I'm in control.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ negative

6. positive
A positive response to something indicates agreement, approval, or encouragement.

- There's been a positive response to the UN Secretary-General's recent peace efforts.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ negative

7. positively

- He responded positively and accepted the fee of £1000 I had offered.

ADV: ADV after v

8. positive
If you are positive about something, you are completely sure about it.

- I'm as positive as I can be about it.

- `She's never late. You sure she said eight?' --- `Positive.'

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= certain

9. positive
Positive evidence gives definite proof of the truth or identity of something.

- There was no positive evidence that any birth defects had arisen as a result of Vitamin A intake.

ADJ: ADJ n
= conclusive

10. positively

- He has positively identified the body as that of his wife.

ADV: ADV with v

11. positive
If a medical or scientific test is positive , it shows that something has happened or is present.

- If the test is positive, a course of antibiotics may be prescribed.

- He was stripped of his Olympic Hundred Metres gold medal after testing positive for steroids.

ADJ
≠ negative

HIV positive : see HIV .

12. positive
You can use positive to emphasize a noun. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Good day to you, Bernard! It's a positive delight to see you.

- He was in a positive fury.

- The man was being a positive embarrassment.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= real

See also positively .

13. positive
A positive number is greater than zero.

- It's really a simple numbers game with negative and positive numbers.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ negative

14. positive
If something has a positive electrical charge , it has the same charge as a proton and the opposite charge to an electron. (TECHNICAL)
ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ negative

15. positively

- The atom was pictured as a small positively charged core or nucleus.

ADV: ADV adj

positively *

1. positively
You use positively to emphasize that you really mean what you are saying.

- This is positively the worst thing that I can even imagine.

- This is positively the last chance for the industry to establish such a system.

ADV: ADV adj-superl emphasis
= definitely absolutely

2. positively
You use positively to emphasize that something really is the case, although it may sound surprising or extreme.

- He's changed since he came back -- he seems positively cheerful.

- Parents are positively encouraged to be at school whenever possible.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV before v emphasis

positive

adjective

1.

certain

assured

confident

convinced

sure

2.

definite

absolute

categorical

certain

clear

conclusive

decisive

explicit

express

firm

real

3.

helpful

beneficial

constructive

practical

productive

progressive

useful

4.

absolute

complete

consummate

downright

out-and-out

perfect

thorough

utter

positively

adverb Informal

definitely

absolutely

assuredly

categorically

certainly

emphatically

firmly

surely

unequivocally

unquestionably

positive discrimination

positive discrimination
Positive discrimination means making sure that people such as women, members of smaller racial groups, and disabled people get a fair share of the opportunities available. (BRIT; in AM use affirmative action )

- Mr Singh wanted to reserve places for low-caste Indians within the country's public sector, as a form of positive discrimination.

N-UNCOUNT

positivism

[D.J.:ˈpɔzitivizəm]

[K.K.:ˈpɑzɪtɪˌvɪzəm]

n.

确定,自信,实证论,实证主义

positivist

[ˈpɔzitivist]

n.

实证哲学家,实证主义者

poss

可能的;所有格的

positivism

1. positivism
Positivism is a philosophy which accepts only things that can be seen or proved.
N-UNCOUNT
= empiricism

2. positivist positivists

- By far the most popular idea is the positivist one that we should keep only the facts.

N-COUNT: usu N n
= empiricist

3. poss
` If poss ' means the same as `if possible'. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- We'll rush it round today if poss.

PHR: PHR with cl

4. poss
` As poss ' means the same as `as possible'. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Tell them I'll be there as soon as poss.

PHR: PHR with cl

posse

[D.J.:ˈpɔsi]

[K.K.:ˈpɑsi]

n.

地方武装团队

posse *

1. posse posses
A posse of people is a group of people with the same job or purpose. (INFORMAL)

- He refused to engage in conversation with a posse of reporters when leaving Belmont.

- A posse of Marsh's friends persuaded them that this was a bad idea.

N-COUNT: N of n
= group

2. posse posses
In former times, in the United States, a posse was a group of men who were brought together by the local law officer to help him chase and capture a criminal.
N-COUNT

possess

[D.J.:pəˈzes]

[K.K.:pəˈzɛs]

vt.

具有

占据

possessed

[D.J.:pəˈzest]

[K.K.:pəˈzɛst]

adj.

着魔的;疯狂的

冷静的

like a man/woman possessed; like one possessed

着了魔似地；拼命地；猛烈地

what(ever) possessed sb to do sth?

(用于责问某人为什么做坏事、蠢事或意想不到的事等)究竟是为什么，怎么会这样鬼迷心窍

possess **

1. possess possesses possessing possessed
If you possess something, you have it or own it.

- He was then arrested and charged with possessing an offensive weapon.

- He is said to possess a fortune of more than two-and-a-half-thousand million dollars.

VB: no passive

2. possess possesses possessed
If someone or something possesses a particular quality, ability, or feature, they have it. (FORMAL)

- ...individuals who are deemed to possess the qualities of sense, loyalty and discretion...

- This figure has long been held to possess miraculous power.

VB: no cont
= have

3. possess possesses possessing possessed
If a feeling or belief possesses you, it strongly influences your thinking or behaviour. (LITERARY)

- Absolute terror possessed her.

- Tsvetayeva was possessed by a frenzied urge to get out of Moscow.

VB

4. possess
If you ask what possessed someone to do something, you are emphasizing your great surprise that they have done something which you consider foolish or dangerous.

- What on earth had possessed her to agree to marry him?

PHR: V inflects feelings

possessed *

1. possessed
If someone is described as being possessed by an evil spirit, it is believed that their mind and body are controlled by an evil spirit.

- She even claimed the couple's daughter was possessed by the devil.

- He behaved like someone possessed.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ by n

2. possessed
If someone or something is possessed of a particular quality, ability, or feature, they have that quality, ability, or feature. If someone is possessed of a particular feeling or belief, they have that feeling or belief. (FORMAL)

- He is possessed of the most brilliant talents.

- She was possessed of a terrifying sensation that the life was being squeezed slowly out of her.

ADJ: v-link ADJ of n

possess

verb

1.

have

enjoy

hold

own

2.

control

acquire

dominate

hold

occupy

seize

take over

possessed

adjective

crazed

berserk

demented

frenzied

obsessed

raving

possession

[D.J.:pəˈzeʃən]

[K.K.:pəˈzɛʃən]

n.

占有, 持有, 拥有

个人财产, 私人财物

领地, 属地, 殖民地

possession **

1. possession
If you are in possession of something, you have it, because you have obtained it or because it belongs to you. (FORMAL)

- Those documents are now in the possession of the Guardian.

- We should go up and take possession of the land.

- He was also charged with illegal possession of firearms.

- Religious pamphlets were found in their possession.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N of n

2. possession possessions
Your possessions are the things that you own or have with you at a particular time.

- People had lost their homes and all their possessions.

- She had tidied away her possessions.

N-COUNT: usu pl, poss N
= belongings

3. possession possessions
A country's possessions are countries or territories that it controls. (FORMAL)

- All of them were French possessions at one time or another.

- ...Britain's imperial possessions.

N-COUNT: usu pl, supp N
= colonies

4. possession
Possession by an evil spirit is the situation when a person's mind and body is controlled by an evil spirit.

- They were convinced the girls' behaviour was due to possession by the devil.

N-UNCOUNT

possession

noun

1.

ownership

control

custody

hold

occupation

tenure

title

possessions

2.

property

assets

belongings

chattels

effects

estate

things

possessive

[D.J.:pəˈzesɪv]

[K.K.:pəˈzɛsɪv]

adj.

所有(权)的;不愿分享的

<语>所属关系的,所有格的

n.

表示所属关系的词或词语形式

possessively

adv.

占有地;所属关系地

possessiveness

n.

占有,占有欲

possessive adjective

<语>所有格形容词

possessive *

1. possessive
Someone who is possessive about another person wants all that person's love and attention.

- Danny could be very jealous and possessive about me.

- He used to ring his possessive mother several times a day.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about/of n
= jealous

2. possessively

- Leaning over, he kissed her possessively on the mouth.

ADV

3. possessiveness

- I've ruined every relationship with my possessiveness.

N-UNCOUNT
= jealousy

4. possessive
Someone who is possessive about things that they own does not like other people to use them.

- People were very possessive about their coupons.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ about n

5. possessive
In grammar, a possessive determiner or possessive adjective is a word such as `my' or `his' which shows who or what something belongs to or is connected with. The possessive form of a name or noun has 's added to it, as in `Jenny's' or `cat's'.
ADJ: ADJ n

6. possessive possessives
A possessive is a possessive determiner or the possessive form of a name or noun.
N-COUNT

possessive

adjective

jealous

controlling

covetous

dominating

domineering

overprotective

selfish

possessive pronoun

possessive pronoun possessive pronouns
A possessive pronoun is a pronoun such as `mine', `yours', or `theirs' which is used to refer to the thing of a particular kind that belongs to someone, as in `Can I borrow your pen? I've lost mine.'
N-COUNT

possessor

[D.J.:pəˈzesə]

[K.K.:pəˈzɛsɚ]

n.

<正>拥有者

possessor

possessor possessors
The possessor of something is the person who has it. (FORMAL)

- Ms Nova is the proud possessor of a truly incredible voice.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

possibility

[D.J.:ˌpɔsəˈbiliti]

[K.K.:ˌpɑsəˈbɪlɪti]

n.

可能性

可能的事

可以利用和改善的余地; 潜力

possibility ****

1. possibility possibilities
If you say there is a possibility that something is the case or that something will happen, you mean that it might be the case or it might happen.

- We were not in the least worried about the possibility that sweets could rot the teeth.

- Tax on food has become a very real possibility.

N-COUNT: oft N that

2. possibility possibilities
A possibility is one of several different things that could be done.

- The government now owns a lot of our land -- one possibility would be to compensate us with other property.

- There were several possibilities open to each manufacturer.

N-COUNT
= option

3. possibility
You can say ` It is not beyond the realms of possibility ' or ` It is not beyond the bounds of possibility ' when you are stating something that you believe is possibly true, but which other people might consider unlikely or impossible.

- It's not beyond the realms of possibility that the security services do bug important public figures.

PHR: usu PHR that

possibility

noun

1.

feasibility

likelihood

potentiality

practicability

workableness

2.

likelihood

chance

hope

liability

odds

probability

prospect

risk

often plural 3.

potential

capabilities

potentiality

promise

prospects

talent

possible

[D.J.:ˈpɔsəbl]

[K.K.:ˈpɑsəbəl]

adj.

可能的, 可能存在[发生, 做到]的; 潜在的

也许(会发生)的

可接受的, 合适的

possible *****

1. possible
If it is possible to do something, it can be done.

- If it is possible to find out where your brother is, we shall.

- Everything is possible if we want it enough.

- This morning he had tried every way possible to contact her.

- Live as you like, leave home if you want -- that was never possible when I was young.

- It's been a beautiful evening and you have made it all possible.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

2. possible
A possible event is one that might happen.

- He referred the matter to the Attorney General for possible action against several newspapers.

- Her family is discussing a possible move to America.

- One possible solution, if all else fails, is to take legal action.

- Department officials have warned of possible terrorist attacks.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= likely ≠ unlikely

3. possible
If you say that it is possible that something is true or correct, you mean that although you do not know whether it is true or correct, you accept that it might be.

- It is possible that there's an explanation for all this.

- It was possible that Harry himself did not know what he had intended to do.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ that vagueness
= conceivable ≠ unlikely

4. possible
If you do something as soon as possible , you do it as soon as you can. If you get as much as possible of something, you get as much of it as you can.

- Please make your decision as soon as possible.

- Mrs. Pollard decided to learn as much as possible about the People's Republic of China.

- Michael sat down as far away from her as possible.

- Buy fresh produce as often as possible.

ADJ: as adv/pron as ADJ

5. possible
You use possible with superlative adjectives to emphasize that something has more or less of a quality than anything else of its kind.

- They have joined the job market at the worst possible time.

- We expressed in the clearest possible way our disappointment, hurt and anger.

- He is doing the best job possible.

ADJ: adj-superl ADJ n, adj-superl n ADJ emphasis

6. possible
You use possible in expressions such as ` if possible ' and ` if at all possible ' when stating a wish or intention, to show that although this is what you really want, you may have to accept something different.

- I need to see you, right away if possible.

- It is wise to get insurance cover for this kind of care, if at all possible.

ADJ politeness

7. possible
If you describe someone as, for example, a possible Prime Minister, you mean that they may become Prime Minister.

- Government sources are now openly speculating about a possible successor for Dr Lawrence.

- Bradley has been considered a possible presidential contender himself.

ADJ: ADJ n
= potential

8. possible possibles
Also a noun.

- Kennedy, who divorced wife Joan in 1982, was tipped as a presidential possible.

- He had been on the Nobel Prize committee's list of possibles.

N-COUNT

9. possible
The possible is everything that can be done in a situation.

- He is a democrat with the skill, nerve, and ingenuity to push the limits of the possible.

N-SING: the N

possible

adjective

1.

conceivable

credible

hypothetical

imaginable

likely

potential

2.

likely

hopeful

potential

probable

promising

3.

feasible

attainable

doable

practicable

realizable

viable

workable

possibly

[ˈpɔsəbli]

adv.

可能地

也许, 或许

possibly ****

1. possibly
You use possibly to indicate that you are not sure whether something is true or might happen.

- Exercise will not only lower blood pressure but possibly protect against heart attacks.

- They were smartly but casually dressed; possibly students.

- Do you think that he could possibly be right?

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV with v vagueness
= perhaps

2. possibly
You use possibly to emphasize that you are surprised, puzzled, or shocked by something that you have seen or heard.

- It was the most unexpected piece of news one could possibly imagine.

- I mean, how could they possibly eat that stuff?.

- What could this possibly mean?

ADV: ADV before v emphasis
= conceivably

3. possibly
You use possibly to emphasize that someone has tried their hardest to do something, or has done it as well as they can.

- They've done everything they can possibly think of.

- It's one of the nicest feelings you can possibly have.

ADV: ADV before v emphasis

4. possibly
You use possibly to emphasize that something definitely cannot happen or definitely cannot be done.

- No I really can't possibly answer that!.

- There's nothing more they can possibly do right.

- We cannot possibly risk so many innocent lives.

- That can't possibly be right.

ADV: with brd-neg, ADV before v emphasis

possibly

adverb

perhaps

maybe

perchance archaic

possum

[D.J.:ˈpɔsəm]

[K.K.:ˈpɑsəm]

n.

负鼠

vi.

装死

possum

possum possums
A possum is the same as an opossum . (mainly AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= opossum

post

[D.J.:pəust]

[K.K.:post]

n.

柱, 杆, 桩

终点标志

邮政

邮件

邮局, 邮筒

职位

岗位, 哨位

vt.

张贴; 贴在…上

宣布; 公告

邮寄

设岗

委派

posted

adj.

有地位的,消息灵通的

posting

[D.J.:ˈpəʊstɪŋ]

n.

任命,委派

post 1 letters, parcels, and information ****

1. post
The post is the public service or system by which letters and packages are collected and delivered. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use mail )

- You'll receive your book through the post.

- The winner will be notified by post.

- The cheque is in the post.

N-SING: the N, also by N
= mail

2. post
You can use post to refer to letters and packages that are delivered to you. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use mail )

- He flipped through the post without opening any of it.

- There has been no post in three weeks.

N-UNCOUNT
= mail

3. post
Post is used to refer to an occasion when letters or packages are delivered. For example, first post on a particular day is the first time that things are delivered. (mainly BRIT)

- Entries must arrive by first post next Wednesday.

- They just have to wait patiently for the next post.

N-UNCOUNT: supp N
= delivery

4. post posts posting posted
If you post a letter or package, you send it to someone by putting it in a post box or by taking it to a post office. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use mail )

- If I write a letter, would you post it for me?.

- I'm posting you a cheque tonight.

- I posted a letter to Stanley saying I was an old Army friend.

VB
= mail

5. post off; posts off; posting off; posted off
Post off means the same as post .

- He'd left me to pack up the mail and post it off.

- All you do is complete and post off a form.

PHR-V

6. post posts posting posted
If you post notices, signs, or other pieces of information somewhere, you fix them to a wall or board so that everyone can see them.

- Officials began posting warning notices.

- She has posted photographs on bulletin boards.

VB

7. post up; posts up; posting up; posted up
Post up means the same as post .

- He has posted a sign up that says `No Fishing'.

- We post up a set of rules for the house.

PHR-V

8. post posts posting posted
If you post information on the Internet, you make the information available to other people on the Internet.

- A consultation paper has been posted on the Internet inviting input from Net users.

VB

9. post
If you keep someone posted , you keep giving them the latest information about a situation that they are interested in.

- Keep me posted on your progress.

PHR: keep inflects, oft PHR on/with n

post 2 jobs and places ****

1. post posts
A post in a company or organization is a job or official position in it, usually one that involves responsibility. (FORMAL)

- She had earlier resigned her post as President Menem's assistant.

- Sir Peter has held several senior military posts.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of/as n
= position

2. post posts posting posted
If you are posted somewhere, you are sent there by the organization that you work for and usually work there for several years.

- After training she was posted to Brixton.

- It is normal to spend two or three years working in this country before being posted overseas.

VB: usu passive

3. post posts
You can use post to refer to the place where a soldier, guard, or other person has been told to remain and to do his or her job.

- Quick men, back to your post!

N-COUNT: usu poss N
= station position

4. post posts posting posted
If a soldier, guard, or other person is posted somewhere, they are told to stand there, in order to supervise an activity or guard a place.

- Police have now been posted outside all temples.

- British Rail had to post a signalman at the entrance to the tunnel.

- We have guards posted near the windows.

VB
= position

post 3 poles **

1. post posts
A post is a strong upright pole made of wood or metal that is fixed into the ground.

- You have to get eight wooden posts, and drive them into the ground.

- The device is fixed to a post.

N-COUNT
= pole

2. post posts
A post is the same as a goalpost .

- Wimbledon were unlucky not to win after hitting the post twice.

N-COUNT
= goalpost

3. post
On a horse-racing track, the post is a pole which marks the finishing point.
N-SING: the N

posting *

1. posting postings
If you get a posting to a different town or country, your employers send you to work there, usually for several years. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use assignment )

- He was rewarded with a posting to New York.

- Relevant work experience is required for overseas postings.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N to n
See also post .

2. posting postings
If a member of an armed force gets a posting to a particular place, they are sent to live and work there for a period.

- ...awaiting his posting to a field ambulance corps in early 1941.

- ...a prestigious military posting.

N-COUNT: oft with supp, oft N to n

post

noun

1.

mail

collection

delivery

postal service

verb

2.

send

dispatch

mail

transmit

keep someone posted

3.

notify

advise

brief

fill in on informal

inform

report to

post

noun

1.

support

column

picket

pillar

pole

shaft

stake

upright

verb

2.

put up

affix

display

pin up

post

noun

1.

job

appointment

assignment

employment

office

place

position

situation

2.

station

beat

place

position

verb

3.

station

assign

place

position

put

situate

post-

[D.J.:pəʊst]

[K.K.:post]

pref.

表示“在…后”之义

post-

post-
Post- is used to form words that indicate that something takes place after a particular date, period, or event.

- For most of the post-1945 era defence policy was not a salient political issue.

- ...the transition from industrial to post-industrial society.

- ...post-election euphoria.

PREFIX
≠ pre-

postage

[D.J.:ˈpəustidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈpostɪdʒ]

n.

邮费, 邮资

postage *

postage
Postage is the money that you pay for sending letters and packages by post.
N-UNCOUNT

postage stamp

postage stamp postage stamps
A postage stamp is a small piece of gummed paper that you buy from the post office and stick on an envelope or package before you post it. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= stamp

postal

[D.J.:ˈpəʊstəl]

[K.K.:ˈpostəl]

adj.

邮政的;邮务的;邮递的;邮寄的

go postal

大动肝火； 大发脾气

postal **

1. postal
Postal is used to describe things or people connected with the public service of carrying letters and packages from one place to another.

- Compensation for lost or damaged mail will be handled by the postal service.

- Include your full postal address.

- ...postal workers.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. postal
Postal is used to describe activities that involve sending things by post.

- Unions would elect their leadership by secret postal ballot.

- ...a postal course in freelance photography.

ADJ: ADJ n

postal order

postal order postal orders
A postal order is a piece of paper representing a sum of money which you can buy at a post office and send to someone as a way of sending them money by post. (BRIT; in AM usually use money order )
N-COUNT

postbag

[ˈpəustbæɡ]

n.

邮袋

postbag

postbag postbags
The letters that are received by an important person, a newspaper, or a television or radio company can be referred to as the postbag . (mainly BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- Here's another selection of recent letters from our postbag.

- Marling's article on Northumbria attracted a large postbag.

N-COUNT: usu sing also post-bag .

post box

post box post boxes
A post box is a metal box in a public place, where you put letters and packets to be collected. They are then sorted and delivered. Compare letterbox . (BRIT; in AM use mailbox )
N-COUNT also post-box .

postcard

[ˈpəustkɑ:d]

n.

明信片

postcard **

postcard postcards
A postcard is a piece of thin card, often with a picture on one side, which you can write on and send to people without using an envelope.
N-COUNT also post card .
See also picture postcard .

postcode

[ˈpəustkəud]

n.

邮政编码

postcode

postcode postcodes
Your postcode is a short sequence of numbers and letters at the end of your address, which helps the post office to sort the mail. (BRIT; in AM use zip code )
N-COUNT also post code .

post-dated

填迟日期

post-dated

post-dated
On a post-dated cheque, the date is a later one than the date when the cheque was actually written. You write a post-dated cheque to allow a period of time before the money is taken from your account.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

poster

[D.J.:ˈpəustə]

[K.K.:ˈpostɚ]

n.

招贴, 海报

印成的大幅画

poster **

poster posters
A poster is a large notice or picture that you stick on a wall or board, often in order to advertise something.
N-COUNT

poster

noun

notice

advertisement

announcement

bill

placard

public notice

sticker

poste restante

poste restante
Poste restante is a service operated by post offices by which letters and packages that are sent to you are kept at a particular post office until you collect them. (mainly BRIT; in AM use general delivery )
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

posterior

[D.J.:pɔˈstɪəri:ə, pəʊ-]

[K.K.:pɑˈstɪriɚ, po-]

adj.

(时间上)较晚的,在后的,(次序上)其次的

后面的,尾部的

n.

身体后部,臀部

posterior

1. posterior posteriors
Someone's bottom can be referred to as their posterior . (mainly HUMOROUS)
N-COUNT
= backside

2. posterior
Posterior describes something that is situated at the back of something else. (MEDICAL)

- ...the posterior leg muscles.

ADJ: ADJ n
= rear ≠ anterior

posterity

[D.J.:pɔˈsterɪti:]

[K.K.:pɑˈstɛrɪti]

n.

后代;后世

子孙;后裔

posterity *

posterity
You can refer to everyone who will be alive in the future as posterity . (FORMAL)

- A photographer recorded the scene on video for posterity.

- Was he making these notes for the benefit of posterity?

N-UNCOUNT: oft for N

posterity

noun

1.

future

succeeding generations

2.

descendants

children

family

heirs

issue

offspring

progeny

poster paint

poster paint poster paints
Poster paint is a type of brightly coloured paint which contains no oil and is used for painting pictures. (mainly BRIT)
N-MASS

postgrad

[ˌpəustˈɡræd]

adj.，n.

研究所学生，研究生毕业后的

postgrad

postgrad postgrads
A postgrad is the same as a postgraduate . (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use grad student )
N-COUNT also post-grad .

postgraduate

[D.J.:pəʊstˈgrædʒu:ɪt, -ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:postˈɡrædʒuɪt, -ˌet]

adj.

研究生的

n.

研究生

postgraduate *

1. postgraduate postgraduates
A postgraduate or a postgraduate student is a student with a first degree from a university who is studying or doing research at a more advanced level. (BRIT; in AM use graduate student )
N-COUNT also post-graduate .

2. postgraduate
Postgraduate study or research is done by a student who has a first degree and is studying or doing research at a more advanced level. (BRIT; in AM use graduate )

- ...postgraduate courses...

- Dr Hoffman did his postgraduate work at Leicester University.

ADJ: ADJ n also post-graduate .

post-haste

Ⅰadv.

急速地；尽可能快速地

Ⅱn.

〈古〉火速，赶紧

post-haste

post-haste
If you go somewhere or do something post-haste , you go there or do it as quickly as you can. (FORMAL)

- The pilot wisely decided to return to Farnborough post haste.

ADV: ADV after v also post haste .

posthumous

[D.J.:ˈpɔstʃəməs]

[K.K.:ˈpɑstʃəməs]

adj.

死后发生的;死后获得的

作者死后出版的

死后出生的, 遗腹的

posthumously

[D.J.:ˈp ɔstjʊməslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈp ɑstʃəməslɪ]

adv.

于死后,于身后

于著作者死后出版地

posthumous *

1. posthumous
Posthumous is used to describe something that happens after a person's death but relates to something they did before they died.

- His family and supporters have campaigned for many years for a posthumous pardon.

- ...the posthumous publication of his first novel.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. posthumously

- After the war she was posthumously awarded the George Cross.

ADV: ADV with v

postie

[ˈpəusti]

n.

〈澳口〉邮递员

postie

postie posties
A postie is a postman . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...a second visit from the postie, this time clasping a box.

N-COUNT

post-industrial

post-industrial
Post-industrial is used to describe many Western societies whose economies are no longer based on heavy industry.
ADJ: ADJ n (AM) usually postindustrial
≠ pre-industrial

postman

[D.J.:ˈpəustmən]

[K.K.:ˈpostmən]

n.

邮递员, 邮差

postmen

n.

邮差

postman *

postman postmen
A postman is a man whose job is to collect and deliver letters and packages that are sent by post. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use mailman )
N-COUNT

postmark

[D.J.:ˈpəʊstˌmɑ:k]

[K.K.:ˈpostˌmɑrk]

n.

(信件或包裹上的)邮戳

postmark

vt.

postmark

postmark postmarks
A postmark is a mark which is printed on letters and packages at a post office. It shows the time and place at which something was posted.

- All the letters bore an Aberdeen postmark.

N-COUNT

postmarked

postmarked
If a letter is postmarked , it has a printed mark on the envelope showing when and where the letter was posted.

- The envelope was postmarked Helsinki.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

postmaster

[D.J.:ˈpəʊstˌmæstə]

[K.K.:ˈpostˌmæstɚ]

n.

邮政局长

postmaster

postmaster postmasters
A postmaster is a man who is in charge of a local post office. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

postmistress

[D.J.:ˈpəustˌmistris]

[K.K.:ˈpostˌmɪstrɪs]

n.

女性邮局局长

postmistress

postmistress postmistresses
A postmistress is a woman who is in charge of a local post office. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

post-modern

adj.

后现代主义的,后现代派的

post-modern *

post-modern
Post-modern is used to describe something or someone that is influenced by post-modernism.

- Ripe with in-jokes, self-references, and post-modern metaphor, the movie questions a too-civilized world.

- ...post-modern architecture.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also postmodern .
= post-modernist

post-modernism

后现代主义

post-modernism *

post-modernism
Post-modernism is a late twentieth century approach in art, architecture, and literature which typically mixes styles, ideas, and references to modern society, often in an ironic way.
N-UNCOUNT also postmodernism .

post-modernist *

1. post-modernist post-modernists
A post-modernist is a writer, artist, or architect who is influenced by post-modernism.

- Postmodernists say there is no objective truth. Why should anyone believe them?

N-COUNT also postmodernist .

2. post-modernist
Also an adjective.

- ...the post-modernist suspicion of grand ideological narratives.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also postmodernist .
= post-modern

post-mortem *

1. post-mortem post-mortems
A post-mortem is a medical examination of a dead person's body in order to find out how they died.
N-COUNT also post mortem , postmortem .
= autopsy

2. post-mortem post-mortems
A post-mortem is an examination of something that has recently happened, especially something that has failed or gone wrong.

- The postmortem on the presidential campaign is under way.

N-COUNT: oft N on n also post mortem , postmortem .

postnatal

[D.J.:ˈpəustˌneitil]

[K.K.:postˈnetl]

adj.

出生后的

postnatal

postnatal
Postnatal means happening after and relating to the birth of a baby.

- One study suggests that nearly 40 per cent of women suffer postnatal depression.

- After the birth, midwives on the postnatal ward will provide care until you go home.

ADJ: ADJ n also post-natal .
≠ antenatal

post office **

1. post office
The Post Office is the national organization that is responsible for postal services.

- The Post Office has confirmed that up to fifteen thousand jobs could be lost in sorting offices over the next five years.

N-SING: usu the N

2. post office post offices
A post office is a building where you can buy stamps, post letters and packages, and use other services provided by the national postal service.
N-COUNT

post office box

post office box post office boxes
A post office box is a numbered box in a post office where a person's mail is kept for them until they come to collect it.
N-COUNT
= PO Box

postoperative

[D.J.:ˈpəustˈɔpərətiv]

[K.K.:postˈɑpərətɪv, -ˈɑprə-, -ˈɑpəˌre-]

adj.

手术后的

postoperative

postoperative
Postoperative means occurring after and relating to a medical operation.

- Relaxation techniques can sometimes help to reduce post-operative pain.

ADJ: ADJ n also post-operative .

postpone

[D.J.:ˌpəustˈpəun]

[K.K.:postˈpon, posˈpon]

vt.

延期; 推迟

postponed

延期,缓办

postpone **

postpone postpones postponing postponed
If you postpone an event, you delay it or arrange for it to take place at a later time than was originally planned.

- He decided to postpone the expedition until the following day.

- The visit has now been postponed indefinitely.

VB
= delay

postpone

verb

put off

adjourn

defer

delay

put back

put on the back burner informal

shelve

suspend

postponement

[pəustˈpəunmənt]

n.

延期, 推迟

延期的事

postponement *

postponement postponements
The postponement of an event is the act of delaying it happening or arranging for it to take place at a later time than originally planned.

- The postponement was due to a dispute over where the talks should be held.

N-VAR: oft N of n
= deferral

postponement

noun

delay

adjournment

deferment

deferral

stay

suspension

post-prandial

post-prandial
You use post-prandial to refer to things you do or have after a meal. (FORMAL)

- He was taking a post-prandial nap in the hotel lounge.

- ...a post-prandial cigar.

ADJ: ADJ n also postprandial .

post-production

post-production
In film and television, post-production is the work such as editing that takes place after the film has been shot.

- The film's post-production will be completed early next year.

- Her father Edward runs a film post-production company in Michigan.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also post production

postscript

[ˈpəustskript]

n.

(信末签名后的)附言, 又及

(正文后的)补充说明

postscript

1. postscript postscripts
A postscript is something written at the end of a letter after you have signed your name. You usually write `PS' in front of it.

- A brief, hand-written postscript lay beneath his signature.

N-COUNT

2. postscript postscripts
A postscript is an addition to a finished story, account, or statement, which gives further information.

- As the editor's postscript reminds the reader, she was to endure two more spells of mental illness before the book was published.

- I should like to add a postscript to your obituary for John Cage.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

postscript

noun

P.S.

addition

afterthought

supplement

post-traumatic stress disorder

post-traumatic stress disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental illness that can develop after someone has been involved in a very bad experience such as a war. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

postulate

[D.J.:ˈpɔstʃəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpɑstʃəˌlet]

vt.

假定, 假设

n.

假定;假设

postulate *

1. postulate postulates postulating postulated
If you postulate something, you suggest it as the basis for a theory, argument, or calculation, or assume that it is the basis. (FORMAL)

- He dismissed arguments postulating differing standards for human rights in different cultures and regions.

- Freud postulated that we all have a death instinct as well as a life instinct.

VB
= posit

2. postulate postulates
A postulate is an idea that is suggested as or assumed to be the basis for a theory, argument, or calculation. (FORMAL)

- Offe also challenges the postulate of an `organized capitalism'.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, N that

postulate

verb

presuppose

assume

hypothesize

posit

propose

suppose

take for granted

theorize

postural

[ˈpɔstjurəl]

adj.

姿势的,位置的

postural

postural
Postural means relating to the way a person stands or sits. (FORMAL)

- Children can develop bad postural habits from quite an early age.

- ...postural exercises.

ADJ: ADJ n

posture

[D.J.:ˈpɔstʃə]

[K.K.:ˈpɑstʃɚ]

n.

姿势, 姿态

看法; 态度

vt.

做出某种姿势

posture **

1. posture postures
Your posture is the position in which you stand or sit.

- You can make your stomach look flatter instantly by improving your posture.

- Exercise, fresh air, and good posture are all helpful.

- Sit in a relaxed upright posture.

N-VAR

2. posture postures
A posture is an attitude that you have towards something. (FORMAL)

- The military machine is ready to change its defensive posture to one prepared for action.

- None of the banks changed their posture on the deal as a result of the inquiry.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu adj N
= position stance

3. posture postures posturing postured
You can say that someone is posturing when you disapprove of their behaviour because you think they are trying to give a particular impression in order to deceive people. (FORMAL)

- She says the President may just be posturing.

VB: usu cont disapproval

4. posturing

- Any calls for a new UN resolution are largely political posturing.

- There's been a lot of posturing on both sides.

N-UNCOUNT

posture

noun

1.

bearing

attitude

carriage

disposition

set

stance

verb

2.

show off informal

affect

pose

put on airs

post-viral fatigue syndrome

post-viral fatigue syndrome
Post-viral fatigue syndrome is a long-lasting illness that is thought to be caused by a virus. Its symptoms include feeling tired all the time and muscle pain. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT also post-viral syndrome
= ME

post-war

[ˌpəustˈwɔ:]

adj. & adv.

战后的[地]

post-war **

post-war
Post-war is used to describe things that happened, existed, or were made in the period immediately after a war, especially the Second World War, 1939-45.

- In the post-war years her writing regularly appeared in The New Journal.

- He really was one of the finest boxers in post-war Britain.

- ...postwar architecture.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also postwar .
≠ pre-war

posy

[D.J.:ˈpəʊzi:]

[K.K.:ˈpozi]

n.

花朵,花束

posy

posy posies
A posy is a small bunch of flowers. In American English, it can also consist of a single flower.
N-COUNT: oft N of n

pot

[D.J.:pɔt]

[K.K.:pɑt]

n.

罐, 锅, 壶

potted

[D.J.:ˈpɔtid]

[K.K.:ˈpɑtɪd]

adj.

盆栽的,瓶或罐装的,浓缩的

potting

[ˈpɔtiŋ]

n.

陶器制造

pot ***

1. pot pots
A pot is a deep round container used for cooking stews, soups, and other food.

- ...metal cooking pots.

N-COUNT

2. pot pots
A pot of stew, soup, or other food is an amount of it contained in a pot.

- He was stirring a pot of soup.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. pot pots
You can use pot to refer to a teapot or coffee pot.

- There's tea in the pot.

N-COUNT

4. pot pots
A pot of tea or coffee is an amount of it contained in a pot.

- He spilt a pot of coffee.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

5. pot pots
A pot is a cylindrical container for jam, paint, or some other thick liquid.

- Hundreds of jam pots lined her scrubbed shelves.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft n N

6. pot pots
A pot of jam, paint, or some other thick liquid is an amount of it contained in a pot.

- ...a pot of red paint.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

7. pot pots
A pot is the same as a flowerpot .
N-COUNT

8. pot pots potting potted
If you pot a young plant, or part of a plant, you put it into a container filled with soil, so it can grow there.

- Pot the cuttings individually.

- ...potted plants.

VB

9. pot
Pot is sometimes used to refer to the drugs cannabis and marijuana. (INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= cannabis

10. pot
If you have pots of money , you have a lot of it. (INFORMAL)

- He must have pots of money.

QUANT: QUANT of pl-n/n-uncount

11. pot
In a card game, the pot is the money from all the players which the winner of the game will take as a prize.
N-SING: the N
= pool kitty

12. pot
You can refer to a fund consisting of money from several people as the pot . (mainly AM)

- I've taken some money from the pot for wrapping paper.

N-SING: the N
= kitty

13. pot pots
Someone who has a pot has a round, fat stomach which sticks out, either because they eat or drink too much, or because they have had very little to eat for some time. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT
= pot belly tummy

14. pot pots
A pot is a deep bowl which a small child uses instead of a toilet.
N-COUNT
= potty

15. pot pots potting potted
In the games of snooker and billiards, if you pot a ball, you succeed in hitting it into one of the pockets.

- He did not pot a ball for the next two frames.

VB
= pocket

16. pot
If something goes to pot , it loses all its good qualities because nobody looks after it or works at it. (INFORMAL)

- The neighbourhood really is going to pot.

PHR: V inflects
= deteriorate

17. pot
If you take pot luck , you decide to do something even though you do not know what you will get as a result.

- If you haven't made an appointment, take pot luck and knock on the door.

- He scorns the `pot-luck' approach.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n
pot of gold : see gold .

potted

1. potted
Potted meat or fish is cooked meat or fish, usually in the form of a paste, which has been put into a small sealed container.

- ...potted shrimps.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. potted
A potted history or biography contains just the main facts about someone or something. (BRIT)

- The film is a potted history of the band.

- I would give them a potted version of a book I've just finished reading.

ADJ: ADJ n
= condensed

pot

noun

container

bowl

pan

vessel

potable

[D.J.:ˈpəʊtəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈpotəbəl]

adj.

可以喝的,适合饮用的

n.

饮料

potable

potable
Potable water is clean and safe for drinking. (mainly AM)
ADJ: usu ADJ n
= drinkable

potash

[D.J.:ˈpɔtæʃ]

[K.K.:ˈpɑtˌæʃ]

n.

碳酸钾,苛性钾

potash

potash
Potash is a white powder obtained from the ashes of burnt wood and is sometimes used as a fertilizer.
N-UNCOUNT

potassium

[D.J.:pəˈtæsi:əm]

[K.K.:pəˈtæsiəm]

n.

<化>钾

potassium *

potassium
Potassium is a soft silvery-white chemical element, which occurs mainly in compounds. These compounds are used in making such things as glass, soap, and fertilizers.
N-UNCOUNT

potato

[D.J.:pəˈteitəu]

[K.K.:pəˈteto]

n.

马铃薯, 土豆

小人物

potato ***

1. potato potatoes
Potatoes are quite round vegetables with brown or red skins and white insides. They grow under the ground.
N-VAR
See also sweet potato .

2. potato
You can refer to a difficult subject that people disagree on as a hot potato .

- ...a political hot potato such as abortion.

PHR: N inflects

potato chip

1. potato chip potato chips
Potato chips are very thin slices of potato that have been fried until they are hard, dry, and crisp. (AM; in BRIT use crisps )
N-COUNT: usu pl
= chips

2. potato chip potato chips
Potato chips are long, thin pieces of potato fried in oil or fat and eaten hot, usually with a meal. (BRIT; in AM use French fries )
N-COUNT: usu pl
= chips

potato crisp

potato crisp potato crisps
Potato crisps are the same as crisps . (BRIT, FORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl

pot-bellied

pot-bellied
Someone, usually a man, who is pot-bellied has a pot belly.
ADJ-GRADED also potbellied .

pot belly

pot belly pot bellies
Someone who has a pot belly has a round, fat stomach which sticks out, either because they eat or drink too much, or because they have had very little to eat for some time.
N-COUNT also potbelly .

potboiler

[D.J.:ˈpɔtbɔilə]

[K.K.:ˈpɑtˌbɔɪlɚ]

n.

为混饭吃而粗制滥造的文艺作品,粗制作品作家(或画家)

potboiler

potboiler potboilers
If you describe a book or film as a potboiler , you mean that it has been created in order to earn money quickly and is of poor quality.
N-COUNT also pot-boiler . disapproval

potency

[D.J.:ˈpəʊtnsi:]

[K.K.:ˈpotn..si]

n.

威力, 力量;权力;效力, 效能

(男人的)性交能力

potency *

1. potency
Potency is the power and influence that a person, action, or idea has to affect or change people's lives, feelings, or beliefs.

- They testify to the extraordinary potency of his personality.

- All their songs have a lingering potency.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
= power

2. potency
The potency of a drug, poison, or other chemical is its strength.

- Sunscreen can lose its potency if left over winter in the bathroom cabinet.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

3. potency
Potency is the ability of a man to have sex.

- Alcohol abuse in men can cause loss of sex drive and reduced potency.

N-UNCOUNT

potency

noun

power

effectiveness

force

influence

might

strength

potent

[D.J.:ˈpəutənt]

[K.K.:ˈpotnt]

adj.

(药等)效力大的; 威力大的

强有力的; 有说服力的

potent **

potent
Something that is potent is very effective and powerful.

- Their most potent weapon was the Exocet missile.

- The drug is extremely potent, but causes unpleasant side effects.

ADJ-GRADED
= effective

potent

adjective

1.

powerful

authoritative

commanding

dominant

dynamic

influential

2.

strong

forceful

mighty

powerful

vigorous

potentate

[D.J.:ˈpəʊtnˌteɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpotn..ˌtet]

n.

君主,统治者

有权势的人

potentate

potentate potentates
A potentate is a ruler who has complete power over his people. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= autocrat

potential

[D.J.:pəˈtenʃəl]

[K.K.:pəˈtɛnʃəl]

adj.

潜在的, 有可能的

n.

潜力, 潜势, 可能性

potentially

[D.J.:pəˈtenʃəlɪ]

[K.K.:pəˈt ɛnʃəlɪ]

adv.

潜在地;可能地

<古>强有力地;权威地

potential ****

1. potential
You use potential to say that someone or something is capable of developing into the particular kind of person or thing mentioned.

- The firm has identified 60 potential customers at home and abroad.

- ...potential party members...

- We are aware of the potential problems and have taken every precaution.

ADJ: ADJ n
= likely possible

2. potentially

- Clearly this is a potentially dangerous situation.

- Potentially this could damage the reputation of the whole industry.

ADV: ADV with cl/group

3. potential
If you say that someone or something has potential , you mean that they have the necessary abilities or qualities to become successful or useful in the future.

- The boy has great potential.

- The school strives to treat pupils as individuals and to help each one to achieve their full potential.

- Denmark recognised the potential of wind energy early.

- ...the economic potentials of Eastern and Western Europe.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

4. potential
If you say that someone or something has potential for doing a particular thing, you mean that it is possible they may do it. If there is the potential for something, it may happen.

- John seemed as horrified as I about his potential for violence.

- The meeting has the potential to be a watershed event.

- The potential for conflict is great.

- Death and murder always lurk as potentials in very violent relationships.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, with supp, oft N for n/-ing

potential

adjective

1.

possible

dormant

future

hidden

inherent

latent

likely

promising

noun

2.

ability

aptitude

capability

capacity

possibility

potentiality

power

wherewithal

potentiality

[D.J.:pəˌtenʃiˈæliti]

[K.K.:pəˌtɛnʃiˈælɪti]

n.

可能力,(用复数)潜能,潜力.可能性

potentiality

potentiality potentialities
If something has potentialities or potentiality , it is capable of being used or developed in particular ways. (FORMAL)

- The breathtaking potentialities of mechanization set the minds of manufacturers and merchants on fire.

- All of these are quite useful breeds whose potentiality has not been realised.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= potential

pothole

[D.J.:ˈpɔthəul]

[K.K.:ˈpɑtˌhol]

n.

壶穴

pothole

1. pothole potholes
A pothole is a large hole in the surface of a road, caused by traffic and bad weather.
N-COUNT also pot-hole .

2. pothole potholes
A pothole is a deep hole in the ground. Potholes often lead to underground caves and tunnels.
N-COUNT also pot-hole .

pot-holed

pot-holed
A pot-holed road has a lot of potholes in it.
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also potholed .

potholing

n.

探勘地上坑洞(运动)

potholing

potholing
Potholing is the leisure activity of going into underground caves and tunnels. (mainly BRIT; in AM use spelunking )
N-UNCOUNT

potion

[D.J.:ˈpəʊʃən]

[K.K.:ˈpoʃən]

n.

(药物、毒物或有魔力的)饮料

potion *

potion potions
A potion is a drink that contains medicine, poison, or something that is supposed to have magic powers.
N-COUNT

potion

noun

concoction

brew

dose

draught

elixir

mixture

philtre

pot plant

pot plant pot plants
A pot plant is a plant which is grown in a container, especially indoors. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use house plant )
N-COUNT

potpourri

[D.J.:ˌpəʊpʊˈri:]

[K.K.:ˌpopʊˈri]

n.

<法>百花香(指放在罐内的干燥花瓣和香料混合物,能散发香味)

(文学作品的)集锦,杂录;<音>集锦引曲

混杂物;杂烩

potpourri

1. potpourri potpourris
Potpourri is a mixture of dried petals and leaves from different flowers. Potpourri is used to make rooms smell pleasant.
N-MASS also pot-pourri , pot pourri .

2. potpourri
A potpourri of things is a collection of various different items which were not originally intended to form a group.

- Displaying a potpourri of architectural styles from all over the world, the village looks as outlandish as a colourful film set.

N-SING: usu N of n also pot-pourri , pot pourri .
= miscellany

pot roast

pot roast pot roasts
A pot roast is a piece of meat that is cooked very slowly with a small amount of liquid in a covered pot.
N-VAR

pot shot

1. pot shot pot shots
To take a pot shot at someone or something means to shoot at them without taking the time to aim carefully. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also pot-shot .

2. pot shot pot shots
A pot shot is a criticism of someone which may be unexpected and unfair. (INFORMAL)

- ...Republican rivals taking pot shots at the president.

N-COUNT also pot-shot .

potter

[D.J.:ˈpɔtə]

vi.

懒散地工作, 漫无目的地走动

n.

制陶工人, 陶工

potter **

potter potters
A potter is someone who makes pottery.
N-COUNT

potter

verb

mess about

dabble

footle informal

tinker

potter around, potter about **

potter around potters around; pottering around; pottered around
If you potter around or potter about , you do pleasant but unimportant things, without hurrying. (BRIT; in AM use putter around )

- I was perfectly happy just pottering around doing up my flat.

- At weekends he would potter around the garden.

PHR-V

potter's wheel

potter's wheel potter's wheels
A potter's wheel is a piece of equipment with a flat disc which spins round, on which a potter puts soft clay in order to shape it into a pot.
N-COUNT

pottery

[D.J.:ˈpɔtəri]

[K.K.:ˈpɑtəri]

n.

陶器, 陶器器皿

陶器制造(术)

陶器厂

pottery *

1. pottery
You can use pottery to refer to pots, dishes, and other objects which are made from clay and then baked in an oven until they are hard.
N-UNCOUNT

2. pottery
You can use pottery to refer to the hard clay that some pots, dishes, and other objects are made of.

- Some bowls were made of pottery and wood.

N-UNCOUNT

3. pottery
Pottery is the craft or activity of making objects out of clay.
N-UNCOUNT

4. pottery potteries
A pottery is a factory or other place where pottery is made.
N-COUNT

pottery

noun

ceramics

earthenware

stoneware

terracotta

potting compost

potting compost potting composts
Potting compost is soil that is specially prepared to help plants to grow, especially in containers. (BRIT; in AM use compost )
N-MASS

potting shed

potting shed potting sheds
A potting shed is a small building in a garden, in which you can keep things such as seeds or garden tools.
N-COUNT

potty

[D.J.:ˈpɔti]

[K.K.:ˈpɑti]

adj.

微不足道的,琐碎的

n.

便壶

potty

1. potty potties
A potty is a deep bowl which a small child uses instead of a toilet.
N-COUNT

2. potty
If you say that someone is potty , you think that they are crazy or foolish. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ disapproval
= crazy

potty trained

potty trained
Potty trained means the same as toilet trained . (BRIT)
ADJ also potty-trained .
= toilet trained

potty training

potty training
Potty training is the same as toilet training . (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT also potty-training .
= toilet training

pouch

[D.J.:paʊtʃ]

[K.K.:paʊtʃ]

n.

(放在衣袋里或连在腰带上的)小袋

皮肤的松弛下垂处

育儿袋

vt. & vi.

(使)成为袋状

pouch *

1. pouch pouches
A pouch is a flexible container like a small bag.
N-COUNT

2. pouch pouches
The pouch of an animal such as a kangaroo or a koala bear is the pocket of skin on its stomach in which its baby grows.
N-COUNT

pouch

noun

bag

container

pocket

purse

sack

poultice

[D.J.:ˈpəultis]

[K.K.:ˈpoltɪs]

n.

膏状药

vt.

敷膏状药于

poultice

poultice poultices
A poultice is a piece of cloth with a soft, often hot, substance such as clay or a mixture of herbs on it. It is put over a painful or swollen part of someone's body in order to reduce the pain or swelling.
N-COUNT

poultry

[D.J.:ˈpəultri]

[K.K.:ˈpoltri]

n.

家禽

家禽肉

poultry *

1. poultry
You can refer to chickens, ducks, and other birds that are kept for their eggs and meat as poultry .

- Dr Binger keeps poultry, pigs and goats.

- Most poultry farmers have to rely on commercially manufactured feeds.

N-PLURAL

2. poultry
Meat from these birds is also referred to as poultry .

- The menu features roast meats and poultry.

N-UNCOUNT

pounce

[D.J.:paʊns]

[K.K.:paʊns]

vi.

突然袭击, 猛扑

pounce on

一眼看出；抓住机会(进行抨击)

n.

突然的袭击, 猛扑的动作

pouncing

印花粉印图

pounce *

1. pounce pounces pouncing pounced
If someone pounces on you, they come up towards you suddenly and take hold of you.

- He pounced on the photographer, beat him up and smashed his camera.

- Fraud squad officers had bugged the phone and were ready to pounce.

VB

2. pounce pounces pouncing pounced
If someone pounces on something such as a mistake, they quickly draw attention to it, usually in order to gain an advantage for themselves or to prove that they are right.

- The Democrats were ready to pounce on any Republican failings or mistakes.

- `That's much too subtle, even for Sam.' --- `Even for Sam!' He pounced on the phrase with a sound of triumph.

VB

3. pounce pounces pouncing pounced
When an animal or bird pounces on something, it jumps on it and holds it, in order to kill it.

- ...like a tiger pouncing on its prey...

- Before I could get the pigeon the cat pounced.

VB

pounce

verb

1.

spring

attack

fall upon

jump

leap at

strike

swoop

noun

2.

spring

assault

attack

bound

jump

leap

swoop

pound

[D.J.:paund]

[K.K.:paʊnd]

n.

磅

英镑

vt. & vi.

连续重击

pounding

[ˈpaundiŋ]

n.

重击;重击声

pound *****

1. pound pounds
The pound is the unit of money which is used in Britain. It is represented by the symbol £. One British pound is divided into a hundred pence. Some other countries, for example Egypt, also have a unit of money called a pound .

- Beer cost three pounds a bottle.

- A thousand pounds worth of jewellery and silver has been stolen.

- ...multi-million pound profits.

- ...a pound coin.

N-COUNT: num N

2. pound
The pound is used to refer to the British currency system, and sometimes to the currency systems of other countries which use pounds.

- The pound is expected to continue to increase against most other currencies.

N-SING: the N

3. pound pounds
A pound is a unit of weight used mainly in Britain, America, and other countries where English is spoken. One pound is equal to 0.454 kilograms. A pound of something is a quantity of it that weighs one pound.

- Her weight was under ninety pounds.

- ...a pound of cheese.

N-COUNT: num N, N of n

4. pound pounds
A pound is a place where dogs and cats found wandering in the street are taken and kept until they are claimed by their owners. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

5. pound pounds
A pound is a place where cars that have been parked illegally are taken by the police and kept until they have been claimed by their owners.
N-COUNT

6. pound pounds pounding pounded
If you pound something or pound on it, you hit it with great force, usually loudly and repeatedly.

- He pounded the table with his fist.

- Somebody began pounding on the front door.

- She came at him, pounding her fists against his chest.

- ...the pounding waves.

VB
= hammer

7. pound pounds pounding pounded
If you pound something, you crush it into a paste or a powder or into very small pieces.

- She paused as she pounded the maize grains.

VB
= pulverize

8. pound pounds pounding pounded
If your heart is pounding , it is beating with an unusually strong and fast rhythm, usually because you are afraid.

- I'm sweating, my heart is pounding. I can't breathe.

VB

9. pounding

- ...the fast pounding of her heart.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

10. pound
If you say that someone demands their pound of flesh , you mean that they insist on getting something they are entitled to, even though it may cause distress to the person it is demanded from.

- Banks are quick to demand their pound of flesh when overdrafts run a little over the limit.

PHR: usu poss PHR disapproval

pounding

1. pounding poundings
If someone or something takes a pounding , they are severely injured or damaged. (INFORMAL)

- Sarajevo took one of its worst poundings in weeks.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu supp N

2. pounding poundings
If a person or team gets a pounding , they are severely defeated. (INFORMAL)

- The prospects are that he will give opponents a thorough pounding.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu supp N

pound

verb

1.

beat

batter

belabour

clobber slang

hammer

pummel

strike

thrash

thump

2.

crush

powder

pulverize

3.

pulsate

beat

palpitate

pulse

throb

4.

stomp informal

march

thunder

tramp

pound

noun

enclosure

compound

pen

yard

-pounder

1. -pounder
-pounder can be added to numbers to form nouns that refer to animals or fish that weigh a particular number of pounds.

- My fish average 2 lb 8 oz and I've had two eight-pounders.

COMB in N-COUNT

2. -pounder
-pounder can be added to numbers to form nouns that refer to guns that fire shells weighing a particular number of pounds.

- The guns were twelve-pounders.

COMB in N-COUNT

pour

[D.J.:pɔ:]

[K.K.:pɔr, por]

vt. & vi.

涌出

倾; 倒

pouring

[ˈpɔ:riŋ]

n.

传布

pour ***

1. pour pours pouring poured
If you pour a liquid or other substance, you make it flow steadily out of a container by holding the container at an angle.

- Pour a pool of sauce on two plates and arrange the meat neatly.

- Francis poured a generous measure of the whisky into a fresh glass.

- Heat the oil in a non-stick frying-pan, then pour in the egg mixture.

VB

2. pour pours pouring poured
If you pour someone a drink, you put some of the drink in a cup or glass so that they can drink it.

- He got up and poured himself another drink.

- She asked Tillie to pour her a cup of coffee.

- Quietly Mark poured and served drinks for all of them.

VB

3. pour pours pouring poured
When a liquid or other substance pours somewhere, for example through a hole, it flows quickly and in large quantities.

- Blood was pouring from his broken nose.

- There was dense smoke pouring from all four engines.

- Tears poured down both our faces.

- The tide poured in from the south.

VB

4. pour pours pouring poured
When it rains very heavily, you can say that it is pouring .

- It has been pouring in Delhi almost non stop for the past three days, disrupting normal life.

- It has been pouring with rain all week.

- The rain was pouring down.

- We drove all the way through pouring rain.

VB: usu cont

5. pour pours pouring poured
If people pour into or out of a place, they go there quickly and in large numbers.

- Any day now, the Northern forces may pour across the new border.

- Holidaymakers continued to pour down to the coast in search of surf and sun.

- At six p.m. large groups poured from the numerous offices.

VB
= stream

6. pour pours pouring poured
If something such as information pours into a place, a lot of it is obtained or given.

- Martin, 78, died yesterday. Tributes poured in from around the globe.

- The commission has invited interested parties to submit comments, and these are now pouring in.

VB
= flood

7. pour
If someone pours cold water on a plan or idea, they criticize it so much that people lose their enthusiasm for it.

- The education secretary poured cold water on the recommendations of a working party set up to look at physical education.

PHR: V inflects
= dismiss

to pour scorn on something : see scorn .

pour

verb

1.

flow

course

emit

gush

run

rush

spew

spout

stream

2.

let flow

decant

spill

splash

3.

rain

bucket down informal

pelt (down)

teem

4.

stream

crowd

swarm

teem

throng

pour into ***

pour into pours into; pouring into; poured into
If you pour money or supplies into an activity or organization, or if it pours in , a lot of money or supplies are given in order to do the activity or help the organization.

- The Government continues to pour billions of pounds into its massive road-building programme.

- Food donations have poured in from all over the country.

PHR-V-ERG

pour out ***

1. pour out pours out; pouring out; poured out
If you pour out a drink, you put some of it in a cup or glass.

- Larry was pouring out four glasses of champagne.

- Carefully and slowly he poured the beer out.

PHR-V

2. pour out pours out; pouring out; poured out
If you pour out your thoughts, feelings, or experiences, you tell someone all about them.

- They have started pouring out their hearts and expressing their hopes and fears about the present situation.

- I poured my thoughts out on paper in an attempt to rationalize my feelings.

PHR-V

pout

[D.J.:paʊt]

[K.K.:paʊt]

vt. & vi.

撅(嘴)

n.

撅嘴；生气

pout *

1. pout pouts pouting pouted
If someone pouts , they stick out their lips, usually in order to show that they are annoyed or to make themselves sexually attractive.

- Like one of the kids, he whined and pouted when he did not get what he wanted.

- ...gorgeous pouting models.

VB

2. pout pouts
Also a noun.

- She shot me a reproachful pout.

N-COUNT

3. pout pouts pouting pouted
If someone pouts , they say something with a pout.

- `You're no fun,' she pouted.

VB

pout

verb

1.

sulk

glower

look petulant

pull a long face

noun

2.

sullen look

glower

long face

poverty

[D.J.:ˈpɔvəti]

[K.K.:ˈpɑvəti]

n.

贫穷, 贫困

缺少; 贫乏

低劣; 劣质

poverty ***

1. poverty
Poverty is the state of being extremely poor.

- According to World Bank figures, 41 per cent of Brazilians live in absolute poverty.

- Garvey died in loneliness and poverty.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ wealth

2. poverty
You can use poverty to refer to any situation in which there is not enough of something or its quality is poor. (FORMAL)

- Britain has suffered from a poverty of ambition.

- ...a poverty of ideas.

N-SING: also no det, N of n
≠ wealth

poverty

noun

1.

pennilessness

beggary

destitution

hardship

indigence

insolvency

need

penury

privation

want

2.

scarcity

dearth

deficiency

insufficiency

lack

paucity

shortage

poverty line

poverty line
If someone is on the poverty line , they have just enough income to buy the things they need in order to live.

- Thirteen per cent of the population live below the poverty line.

N-SING: the N

poverty-stricken

[D.J.:ˈpɔvəti:ˌstrɪkən]

[K.K.:ˈpɑvətiˌstrɪkən]

adj.

为贫穷所困恼的,非常贫穷的

poverty-stricken

poverty-stricken
Poverty-stricken people or places are extremely poor.

- ...a teacher of poverty-stricken kids...

- The Pope is visiting some of the most poverty-stricken areas of the city.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= poor

poverty-stricken

adjective

penniless

broke informal

destitute

down and out

flat broke informal

impecunious

impoverished

indigent

poor

poverty trap

poverty trap poverty traps
If someone is in a poverty trap , they are very poor but cannot improve their income because the money they get from the government decreases as the money they earn increases.
N-COUNT

POW

[D.J.:ˌpi:əʊˈdʌbəlju:, -jʊ]

[K.K.:ˌpioˈdʌbəlju, -jʊ]

abbr.

prisoner of war 战俘

POW

[D.J.:ˌpi:əʊˈdʌbəlju:, -jʊ]

[K.K.:ˌpioˈdʌbəlju, -jʊ]

abbr.

prisoner of war 战俘

POW *

POW POWs
A POW is the same as a prisoner of war .
N-COUNT

powder

[D.J.:ˈpaudə]

[K.K.:ˈpaʊdɚ]

n.

粉, 粉末

粉状物质

vt.

在…搽粉

powdered

[D.J.:ˈpaʊdəd]

adj.

经干燥而成粉的

powdering

分型粉;撒粉

powder **

1. powder powders
Powder consists of many tiny particles of a solid substance.

- Put a small amount of the powder into a container and mix with water.

- The wood turns to powder in his fingers.

- ...a fine white powder.

- ...cocoa powder.

N-MASS

2. powder powders
Powder is the same as face powder .
N-MASS

3. powder powders powdering powdered
If a woman powders her face or some other part of her body, she puts face powder or talcum powder on it.

- She powdered her face and applied her lipstick and rouge.

- ...the old woman's powdered face.

VB

4. powder
Powder is the same as gunpowder . (OLD-FASHIONED)

- The smell of powder was in the air.

N-UNCOUNT
= gunpowder

5. powder
Powder is very fine snow.

- ...a day's powder skiing.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

powdered *

powdered
A powdered substance is one which is in the form of a powder although it can come in a different form.

- There are only two tins of powdered milk left.

- ...powdered gelatine.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

powder

noun

1.

dust

fine grains

loose particles

talc

verb

2.

dust

cover

dredge

scatter

sprinkle

strew

powder blue

powder blue
Something that is powder blue is a pale greyish-blue colour.

- ...a powder blue leisure suit.

COLOUR also powder-blue .

powder keg

powder keg powder kegs
If you describe a situation or a place as a powder keg , you mean that it could easily become very dangerous.

- Unless these questions are solved, the region will remain a powder keg.

N-COUNT also powder-keg .

powder room

powder room powder rooms
A powder room is a room for women in a public building such as a hotel, where they can use the toilet, have a wash, or put on make-up. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

powdery

[D.J.:ˈpaʊdəri:]

[K.K.:ˈpaʊdəri]

adj.

粉(状)的

布满粉(或灰尘)的

powdery

powdery
Something that is powdery looks or feels like powder.

- A couple of inches of dry, powdery snow had fallen.

ADJ-GRADED

powdery

adjective

fine

crumbly

dry

dusty

grainy

granular

power

[D.J.:ˈpauə]

[K.K.:ˈpaʊɚ]

n.

权力, 势力; 影响力

政权

职权

能力, 天赋; 体力, 力量

功力, 动力, 功率

强国, 有权势的人[团体等]

幂, 乘方

vt.

向…提供动力

powered

[D.J.:ˈpauəd]

adj.

有动力装置的;用动力推动的

powering

[ˈpauəriŋ]

n.

动[马]力估计

power *****

1. power
If someone has power , they have a lot of control over people and activities.

- She interviewed six women who have reached positions of great power and influence.

- In a democracy, power must be divided.

- ...a political power struggle between the Liberals and National Party.

N-UNCOUNT

2. power
Your power to do something is your ability to do it.

- Human societies have the power to solve the problems confronting them.

- Fathers have the power to dominate children and young people.

- He was so drunk that he had lost the power of speech.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N to-inf, N of n

3. power
If it is in or within your power to do something, you are able to do it or you have the resources to deal with it.

- Your debt situation is only temporary, and it is within your power to resolve it.

- Although it is not in his power to do so, he said he would rebuild the Air Base.

- We must do everything in our power to ensure the success of the conference.

N-UNCOUNT: poss N

4. power
If someone in authority has the power to do something, they have the legal right to do it.

- The Prime Minister has the power to dismiss and appoint senior ministers.

- The police have the power of arrest.

- The legal powers of British Customs officers are laid out in the Customs and Excise Management Act of 1969.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, oft the N to-inf

5. power
If people take power or come to power , they take charge of a country's affairs. If a group of people are in power , they are in charge of a country's affairs.

- In 1964 Labour came into power.

- He first assumed power in 1970.

- The party has been in power since independence in 1964.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N

6. power powers
You can use power to refer to a country that is very rich or important, or has strong military forces.

- In Western eyes, Iraq is a major power in an area of great strategic importance.

- ...the emergence of the new major economic power, Japan.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

7. power
The power of something is the ability that it has to move or affect things.

- The Roadrunner had better power, better tyres, and better brakes.

- ...massive computing power.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

8. power
Power is energy, especially electricity, that is obtained in large quantities from a fuel source and used to operate lights, heating, and machinery.

- Nuclear power is cleaner than coal.

- Power has been restored to most parts that were hit last night by high winds.

- There is enough power to run up to four lights.

N-UNCOUNT

9. power powers powering powered
The device or fuel that powers a machine provides the energy that the machine needs in order to work.

- The `flywheel' battery, it is said, could power an electric car for 600 miles on a single charge.

- The planes are powered by Rolls Royce engines.

VB
= drive

10. -powered

- ...battery-powered radios.

- ...nuclear-powered submarines.

COMB in ADJ
See also high-powered .

11. power
Power tools are operated by electricity.

- ...large power tools, such as chainsaws.

- ...a power drill.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ mechanical

12. power
In mathematics, power is used in expressions such as 2 to the power of 4 or 2 to the 4th power to indicate that 2 must be multiplied by itself 4 times. This is written in numbers as 2 4 or 2 x 2 x 2 x 2, which equals 16.

- Any number to the power of nought is equal to one.

N-SING: to the N of num, to the ord N

13. power
You can refer to people in authority as the powers that be , especially when you want to say that you disagree with them or do not understand what they say or do.

- The powers that be, in this case the independent Television Association, banned the advertisement altogether.

- The powers that be may keep us from building a house just where we want to.

PHR

power

noun

1.

ability

capability

capacity

competence

competency

faculty

potential

2.

control

ascendancy

authority

command

dominance

domination

dominion

influence

mastery

rule

3.

authority

authorization

licence

prerogative

privilege

right

warrant

4.

strength

brawn

energy

force

forcefulness

intensity

might

muscle

potency

vigour

power base *

power base power bases
The power base of a politician or other leader is the area or the group of people from which they get most support, and which enables him or her to become powerful.

- Milan was Mr Craxi's home town and his power base during his 16-year rule as party leader.

N-COUNT: oft with poss also power-base .

powerboat

[D.J.:ˈpauəbəut]

[K.K.:ˈpaʊɚˌbot]

n.

机动船

powerboat

powerboat powerboats
A powerboat is a very fast, powerful motorboat.
N-COUNT

power breakfast

power breakfast power breakfasts
If business people have a power breakfast , they go to a restaurant early in the morning so that they can have a meeting while they eat breakfast.
N-COUNT

power cut

power cut power cuts
A power cut is a period of time when the electricity supply to a particular building or area is stopped, sometimes deliberately. (mainly BRIT; in AM use outage )
N-COUNT

power failure

power failure power failures
A power failure is a period of time when the electricity supply to a particular building or area is interrupted, for example because of damage to the cables.
N-VAR
= outage

powerful

[D.J.:ˈpauəful]

[K.K.:ˈpaʊəfəl]

adj.

强健的, 强而有力的

强大的, 作用大的

权力大的, 有势力的

powerfully

[D.J.:ˈpaʊəfəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpaʊɚfəlɪ]

adv.

强大地;强烈地

有效地

powerful ****

1. powerful
A powerful person or organization is able to control or influence people and events.

- You're a powerful man -- people will listen to you.

- ...Russia and India, two large, powerful countries.

- ...Hong Kong's powerful business community.

ADJ-GRADED
= influential ≠ powerless

See also all-powerful .

2. powerful
You say that someone's body is powerful when it is physically strong.

- Hans flexed his powerful muscles.

- It's such a big powerful dog.

ADJ-GRADED
= strong ≠ weak

3. powerfully

- He is described as a strong, powerfully-built man of 60.

- You can contract your muscles more powerfully by linking up your breathing to the exercise.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

4. powerful
A powerful machine or substance is effective because it is very strong.

- The more powerful the car the more difficult it is to handle.

- ...powerful computer systems...

- Alcohol is also a powerful and fast-acting drug.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. powerfully

- Crack is a much cheaper, smokable form of cocaine which is powerfully addictive.

ADV: ADV adj

6. powerful
A powerful smell is very strong.

- There was a powerful smell of stale beer.

- ...tiny creamy flowers with a powerful scent.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= strong

7. powerfully

- The railway station smelt powerfully of cats and drains.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

8. powerful
A powerful voice is loud and can be heard from a long way away.

- At that moment Mrs. Jones's powerful voice interrupted them, announcing a visitor.

ADJ-GRADED
= loud

9. powerful
You describe a piece of writing, speech, or work of art as powerful when it has a strong effect on people's feelings or beliefs.

- ...Bleasdale's powerful 11-part drama about a corrupt city leader.

- ...one of the world's most powerful and moving operas, Verdi's `Otello'.

- ...a powerful new style of dance-theatre.

ADJ-GRADED

10. powerfully

- It's a play -- painful, funny and powerfully acted.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed, ADV after v

powerful

adjective

1.

controlling

authoritative

commanding

dominant

influential

prevailing

2.

strong

energetic

mighty

potent

strapping

sturdy

vigorous

3.

persuasive

cogent

compelling

convincing

effectual

forceful

impressive

striking

telling

weighty

power game

power game power games
You can refer to a situation in which different people or groups are competing for power as a power game , especially if you disapprove of the methods they are using in order to try to win power.

- ...the dangerous power games in the Kremlin following Stalin's death.

N-COUNT: oft adj N

powerhouse

[D.J.:ˈpaʊəˌhaʊs]

[K.K.:ˈpaʊɚˌhaʊs]

n.

强大的集团〔组织〕

精力充沛的人;身强力壮的人

powerhouse *

1. powerhouse powerhouses
A powerhouse is a country or organization that has a lot of power or influence.

- ...Shanghai, China's industrial powerhouse.

N-COUNT

2. powerhouse powerhouses
If you say that someone is a powerhouse , you mean that they are very energetic. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

powerless

[D.J.:ˈpaʊəlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈpaʊəlɪs]

adj.

无权力的;无力量的

对某事无能为力的

powerlessly

adv.

无权力地;无力量地

powerlessness

n.

无力;无能为力

powerless *

1. powerless
Someone who is powerless is unable to control or influence events.

- If you don't have money, you're powerless.

- ...political and economic systems that keep women poor and powerless.

ADJ-GRADED
= helpless ≠ powerful influential

2. powerlessness

- If we can't bring our problems under control, feelings of powerlessness and despair often ensue.

N-UNCOUNT
= impotence helplessness

3. powerless
If you are powerless to do something, you are completely unable to do it.

- People are being murdered every day and I am powerless to stop it.

- He was sympathetic, but powerless to help.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ to-inf
= unable ≠ able

powerless

adjective

1.

defenceless

dependent

ineffective

subject

tied

unarmed

vulnerable

2.

helpless

debilitated

disabled

feeble

frail

impotent

incapable

incapacitated

ineffectual

weak

power line *

power line power lines
A power line is a cable, especially above ground, along which electricity is passed to an area or building.
N-COUNT

power of attorney

power of attorney
Power of attorney is a legal document which allows you to appoint someone, for example a lawyer, to act on your behalf in specified matters.
N-UNCOUNT

power plant *

power plant power plants
A power plant is a place where electricity is produced.
N-COUNT
= power station

power play

1. power play power plays
A power play is an attempt to gain an advantage by showing that you are more powerful than another person or organization, for example in a business relationship or negotiation.

- Their politics consisted of unstable power-plays between rival groups.

N-COUNT also power-play

2. power play
In a game of ice hockey, power play is a period of time when one team has more players because one or more of the other team is in the penalty box.
N-UNCOUNT also power-play

power point

power point power points
A power point is a place in a wall where you can connect electrical equipment to the electricity supply. (BRIT; in AM usually use outlet or wall socket )
N-COUNT

power-sharing

n.

权力分享

power-sharing *

power-sharing
Power-sharing is a political arrangement in which different or opposing groups all take part in government together.
N-UNCOUNT also power sharing .

power station **

power station power stations
A power station is a place where electricity is produced.
N-COUNT
= power plant

power steering

power steering
In a vehicle, power steering is a system for steering which uses power from the engine so that it is easier for the driver to steer the vehicle.
N-UNCOUNT

pow-wow

1. pow-wow pow-wows
A pow-wow is a meeting or conference of Native Americans.
N-COUNT also powwow .

2. pow-wow pow-wows
People sometimes refer to a meeting or discussion as a pow-wow . (INFORMAL)

- Every year my father would call a family powwow to discuss where we were going on vacation.

N-COUNT also powwow .
= meeting

pox

[D.J.:pɔks]

[K.K.:pɑks]

n.

发疹的疾病,痘,疹,瘟疫

pox

pox
People sometimes refer to the disease syphilis as the pox . (INFORMAL)
N-SING: the N
See also chickenpox , smallpox .

poxy

poxy
If you describe something or someone as poxy , you think that they are insignificant, too small, or bad in some other way. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)

- ...some poxy band from Denver.

- ...a poxy one per cent of the transport budget.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval
= crummy

pp.

abbr.

pages 页

pp.

abbr.

pages 页

pp ***

1. pp
pp is written before a person's name at the bottom of a formal or business letter in order to indicate that they have signed the letter on behalf of the person whose name appears before theirs.

- ...J.R. Adams, pp D. Philips.

2. pp
pp. is the plural of `p.' and means `pages'. (WRITTEN)

- See chapter 6, pp. 137-41.

3. pp
In a piece of music, pp is a written abbreviation for pianissimo .

PPS

abbr.

Parliamentary Private Secretary 政务次官

PPS

abbr.

Parliamentary Private Secretary 政务次官

PPS

PPS PPS's
In Britain, a PPS is a Member of Parliament who is appointed by a more senior Member to help them with their duties. PPS is an abbreviation for `parliamentary private secretary'.
N-COUNT

PPV

abbr.

Pay Per View 付费点看

PPV

abbr.

Pay Per View 付费点看

PPV

PPV
PPV is an abbreviation for pay-per-view .
N-UNCOUNT

PR

abbr.

public relation 公共关系

PR

abbr.

public relation 公共关系

PR **

1. PR
PR is an abbreviation for public relations .

- It will be good PR.

- ...a PR firm.

N-UNCOUNT

2. PR
PR is an abbreviation for proportional representation .
N-UNCOUNT

practicability

[ˌpræktikəˈbiliti]

n.

有实行可能,实用性

practicable

[D.J.:ˈpræktikəbl]

[K.K.:ˈpræktɪkəbəl]

adj.

可行的; 适用的

practicable

1. practicable
If a task, plan, or idea is practicable , people are able to carry it out. (FORMAL)

- It is not reasonably practicable to offer her the original job back.

- Teachers can only be expected to do what is reasonable and practicable.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= feasible ≠ impracticable unfeasible

2. practicability

- Knotman and I first thought of the idea and discussed the practicability of it one night in March.

N-UNCOUNT
= feasibility

practicability

noun

feasibility

advantage

possibility

practicality

use

usefulness

viability

practicable

adjective

feasible

achievable

attainable

doable

possible

viable

practical

[D.J.:ˈpræktikəl]

[K.K.:ˈpræktɪkəl]

adj.

实际的, 实践的

实用的

注重实际的; 有实际工作能力的

practical ***

1. practical
The practical aspects of something involve real situations and events, rather than just ideas and theories.

- We can offer you practical suggestions on how to increase the fibre in your daily diet.

- This practical guidebook teaches you about relaxation, coping skills, and time management.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ theoretical

2. practical
You describe people as practical when they make sensible decisions and deal effectively with problems.

- You were always so practical, Maria.

- How could she be so practical when he'd just told her something so shattering?.

- He lacked any of the practical common sense essential in management.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= down-to-earth ≠ impractical

3. practical
Practical ideas and methods are likely to be effective or successful in a real situation.

- Although the causes of cancer are being uncovered, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.

- It is not easy to make practical suggestions for helping her.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. practical
You can describe clothes and things in your house as practical when they are suitable for a particular purpose rather than just being fashionable or attractive.

- Our clothes are lightweight, fashionable, practical for holidays.

ADJ-GRADED
= useful ≠ impractical

5. practical practicals
A practical is an examination or a lesson in which you make things or do experiments rather than simply writing answers to questions. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

practical

adjective

1.

functional

applied

empirical

experimental

factual

pragmatic

realistic

utilitarian

2.

sensible

businesslike

down-to-earth

hard-headed

matter-of-fact

ordinary

realistic

3.

feasible

doable

practicable

serviceable

useful

workable

4.

skilled

accomplished

efficient

experienced

proficient

practicality

[D.J.:ˌpræktɪˈkælətɪ]

[K.K.:ˌpræktɪˈkælətɪ]

n.

实践性；实际性；实用性

实际事物；实例

practicality *

practicality practicalities
The practicalities of a situation are the practical aspects of it, as opposed to its theoretical aspects.

- Decisions about your children should be based on the practicalities of everyday life.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N of n

practical joke

practical joke practical jokes
A practical joke is a trick that is intended to embarrass someone or make them look ridiculous.
N-COUNT
= prank

practically

[D.J.:ˈpræktikəli]

[K.K.:ˈpræktɪkli]

adv.

几乎; 简直

实际地, 实事求是地

practically **

1. practically
Practically means almost, but not completely or exactly.

- He'd known the old man practically all his life.

- I know people who find it practically impossible to give up smoking.

ADV: ADV with group/cl
= almost

2. practically
You use practically to describe something which involves real actions or events rather than ideas or theories.

- The course is more practically based than the Masters degree.

- The British are not famed for their philosophy and tend to be more practically minded.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed
≠ theoretically

practically

adverb

1.

almost

all but

basically

essentially

fundamentally

in effect

just about

nearly

very nearly

virtually

well-nigh

2.

sensibly

clearly

matter-of-factly

rationally

realistically

reasonably

practice

[D.J.:ˈpræktis]

[K.K.:ˈpræktɪs]

n.

练习, 实习

实践, 实际

(医生或律师的)业务; 诊所; 律师事务所

惯例, 常规

practice ****

1. practice practices
You can refer to something that people do regularly as a practice .

- Some firms have reached agreements to cut workers' pay below the level set in their contract, a practice that is illegal in Germany.

- Gordon Brown has demanded a public inquiry into bank practices.

N-COUNT
= procedure

2. practice practices
Practice means doing something regularly in order to be able to do it better. A practice is one of these periods of doing something.

- She was taking all three of her daughters to basketball practice every day.

- ...the hard practice necessary to develop from a learner to an accomplished musician...

- The defending world racing champion recorded the fastest time in a final practice today.

N-VAR: usu supp N

3. practice
The work done by doctors and lawyers is referred to as the practice of medicine and law. People's religious activities are referred to as the practice of a religion.

- ...maintaining or improving his skills in the practice of internal medicine...

- I eventually realized I had to change my attitude toward medical practice.

- ...a law guaranteeing the people freedom of conscience and religious practice.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

4. practice practices
A doctor's or lawyer's practice is his or her business, often shared with other doctors or lawyers.

- The new doctor's practice was miles away from where I lived.

- My law practice isn't the most important thing in my life, you know.

N-COUNT

5. practice
What happens in practice is what actually happens, in contrast to what is supposed to happen.

- ...the difference between foreign policy as presented to the public and foreign policy in actual practice...

- In practice, workers do not work to satisfy their needs.

PHR: PHR with cl
≠ in theory

6. practice
If something such as a procedure is normal practice or standard practice , it is the usual thing that is done in a particular situation.

- It is normal practice not to reveal details of a patient's condition.

- The transcript is full of codewords, which is standard practice in any army.

PHR: v-link PHR

7. practice
If you are out of practice at doing something, you have not had much experience of it recently, although you used to do it a lot or be quite good at it.

- `How's your German?' --- `Not bad, but I'm out of practice.'

PHR: v-link PHR

8. practice
If you say ` practice makes perfect ', you mean that it is possible to learn something or develop a skill if you practise enough. People often say this to encourage someone to keep practising.
PHR

9. practice
If you put a belief or method into practice , you behave or act in accordance with it.

- Now that he is back, the prime minister has another chance to put his new ideas into practice.

- We weren't allowed to put into practice in our daily lives the teachings we received.

PHR: V inflects

practice

noun

1.

custom

habit

method

mode

routine

rule

system

tradition

usage

way

wont

2.

rehearsal

drill

exercise

preparation

repetition

study

training

3.

profession

business

career

vocation

work

4.

use

action

application

exercise

experience

operation

practise

[D.J.:ˈpræktis]

[K.K.:ˈpræktɪs]

vt. & vi.

练习; 实习

积极从事

practised

[D.J.:ˈpræktɪst]

adj.

<美>熟练的, 老练的

practise **

1. practise practises practising practised
If you practise something, you keep doing it regularly in order to be able to do it better.

- Lauren practises the piano every day.

- When she wanted to get something right, she would practise and practise and practise.

VB (AM) practice
See also practised .

2. practise practises practising practised
When people practise something such as a custom, craft, or religion, they take part in the activities associated with it.

- It was suggested that American aid should be directed towards countries which practised multi-party politics.

- Acupuncture was practised in China as long ago as the third millennium BC.

- He was brought up in a family which practised traditional Judaism.

VB (AM) practice

3. practising

- The church has broken the agreement, by insisting all employees must be practising Christians.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. practise practises practising practised
If something cruel is regularly done to people, you can say that it is practised on them.

- There are consistent reports of electrical torture being practised on inmates.

VB: usu passive (AM) practice

5. practise practises practising practised
Someone who practises medicine or law works as a doctor or a lawyer.

- In Belgium only qualified doctors may practise alternative medicine.

- He was born in Hong Kong where he subsequently practised as a lawyer until his retirement.

- The ways in which solicitors practise are varied.

- An art historian and collector, he was also a practising architect.

VB (AM) practice

practised

practised
Someone who is practised at doing something is good at it because they have had experience and have developed their skill at it.

- Once you are practised at this sort of relaxation you will feel quite refreshed afterwards.

- ...a practised and experienced surgeon.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ at n (AM) practiced

practise

verb

1.

rehearse

drill

exercise

go over

go through

prepare

repeat

study

train

2.

do

apply

carry out

follow

observe

perform

3.

work at

carry on

engage in

pursue

practised

adjective

skilled

able

accomplished

experienced

expert

proficient

seasoned

trained

practitioner

[D.J.:prækˈtiʃənə]

[K.K.:prækˈtɪʃənɚ]

n.

习艺者, 实习者

从业者(尤指医师)

practitioner **

practitioner practitioners
Doctors are sometimes referred to as practitioners or medical practitioners . (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
See also GP .

praetorian guard

praetorian guard
You can use praetorian guard to refer to a group of people who are close associates and loyal supporters of someone important. (FORMAL)
N-SING-COLL

pragmatic

[D.J.:prægˈmætɪk]

[K.K.:præɡˈmætɪk]

adj.

务实的;实事求是的;注重实效的

实用主义的,实用主义观点的

pragmatic *

1. pragmatic
A pragmatic way of dealing with something is based on practical considerations, rather than theoretical ones. A pragmatic person deals with things in a practical way.

- Robin took a pragmatic look at her situation.

- ...a pragmatic approach to the problems faced by Latin America.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= realistic practical

2. pragmatically

- `I can't ever see us doing anything else,' states Brian pragmatically.

- Pragmatically, MTV's survival depends on selling the youth market to advertisers.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV with cl, ADV adj

pragmatic

adjective

practical

businesslike

down-to-earth

hard-headed

realistic

sensible

utilitarian

pragmatics

[D.J.:præɡˈmætiks]

[K.K.:præɡˈmætɪks]

n.

语用论

pragmatics

pragmatics
Pragmatics is the branch of linguistics that deals with the meanings and effects which come from the use of language in particular situations.
N-SING

pragmatism

[D.J.:ˈprægməˌtɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈpræɡməˌtɪzəm]

n.

实用的观点或使用方法

<哲>实用主义

pragmatist

n.

实用主义者

pragmatistic

adj.

实用主义的

pragmatist

[ˈpræɡmətist]

n.

实用主义者,爱管闲事的人

pragmatistic

[ˌpræɡməˈtistik]

adj.

实用主义的

pragmatism *

1. pragmatism
Pragmatism means thinking of or dealing with problems in a practical way, rather than by using theory or abstract principles. (FORMAL)

- She had a reputation for clear thinking and pragmatism.

N-UNCOUNT

2. pragmatist pragmatists

- He is a political pragmatist, not an idealist.

N-COUNT

prairie

[D.J.:ˈprɛəri]

[K.K.:ˈprɛri]

n.

(尤指北美的)大草原

prairie *

prairie prairies
A prairie is a large area of flat, grassy land in North America. Prairies have very few trees.
N-VAR

prairie dog

prairie dog prairie dogs
A prairie dog is a type of small furry animal that lives underground in the prairies of North America.
N-COUNT

praise

[D.J.:preiz]

[K.K.:prez]

vt.

称赞, 赞赏

赞美; 颂扬; 崇拜

n.

称赞, 赞美; 赞扬, 表扬

崇拜; 荣耀

赞美的话

praise ***

1. praise praises praising praised
If you praise someone or something, you express approval for their achievements or qualities.

- The American president praised Turkey for its courage.

- Many others praised Sanford for taking a strong stand.

- He praised the excellent work of the UN weapons inspectors.

VB
= compliment

2. praise
Praise is what you say or write about someone when you are praising them.

- All the ladies are full of praise for the staff and service they received.

- I have nothing but praise for the police.

- That is high praise indeed.

N-UNCOUNT
= commendation

3. praise praises praising praised
If you praise God, you express your respect, honour, and thanks to God.

- She asked the church to praise God.

VB

4. praise
Praise is the expression of respect, honour, and thanks to God.

- Hindus were singing hymns in praise of the god Rama.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

5. praise
If someone damns something with faint praise , they say something about it which sounds quite nice but is not enthusiastic, and shows that they do not have a high opinion of it.

- ...the belief that the US had signalled a policy shift by damning with faint praise the mediation efforts.

PHR

6. praise
If you sing someone's praises , you praise them in an enthusiastic way.

- Ottershaw's been singing your praises for years.

- Andy Sinton is not a man given to singing his own praises.

PHR: V inflects

praise

verb

1.

approve

acclaim

admire

applaud

cheer

compliment

congratulate

eulogize

extol

honour

laud

2.

give thanks to

adore

bless

exalt

glorify

worship

noun

3.

approval

acclaim

acclamation

approbation

commendation

compliment

congratulation

eulogy

plaudit

tribute

4.

thanks

adoration

glory

homage

worship

praiseworthy

[D.J.:ˈpreɪzˌwɜ:ði:]

[K.K.:ˈprezˌwə..ði]

adj.

<正>值得称赞的;值得表扬的

praiseworthy

praiseworthy
If you say that something is praiseworthy , you mean that you approve of it and it deserves to be praised. (FORMAL)

- ...the government's praiseworthy efforts to improve efficiency in health and education.

ADJ-GRADED approval

praiseworthy

adjective

creditable

admirable

commendable

laudable

meritorious

worthy

praline

[D.J.:ˈprɑ:li:n]

[K.K.:ˈprɑˌlin, ˈpre-]

n.

果仁糖

praline

praline
Praline is a sweet substance made from nuts cooked in boiling sugar. It is used in desserts and as a filling for chocolates.
N-UNCOUNT

pram

[D.J.:præm]

[K.K.:præm]

n.

<英,口>(手推的)婴儿车

pram *

pram prams
A pram is a small vehicle in which a baby can lie as it is pushed along. (BRIT; in AM usually use baby carriage )
N-COUNT

prance

[D.J.:præns]

[K.K.:præns]

vi.

(马)腾跃

n.

(马的)腾跃;欢蹦乱跳;昂首阔步

prance

1. prance prances prancing pranced
If someone prances around, they walk or move around with exaggerated movements, usually because they want people to look at them and admire them.

- He was horrified at the thought of any son of his prancing about on a stage in tights.

VB disapproval

2. prance prances prancing pranced
When a horse prances , it moves with quick, high steps.

- As they neared the corral, both their horses pranced and whinnied.

- ...as the carriage horses pranced through the bustling thoroughfares.

- ...a prancing light-footed mare named Princess.

VB

prance

verb

1.

dance

caper

cavort

frisk

gambol

romp

skip

2.

strut

parade

show off informal

stalk

swagger

swank informal

prank

[D.J.:præŋk]

[K.K.:præŋk]

n.

玩笑;恶作剧

prankish

adj.

爱开玩笑的;恶作剧的

开玩笑性质的

prankish

[D.J.:ˈpræŋkiʃ]

[K.K.:ˈpræŋkɪʃ]

adj.

戏弄的,恶作剧的

prank *

prank pranks
A prank is a childish trick. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

prank

noun

trick

escapade

jape

lark informal

practical joke

prankster

[D.J.:ˈpræŋkstə]

[K.K.:ˈpræŋkstɚ]

n.

顽皮的人,爱开玩笑的人

prankster

prankster pranksters
A prankster is someone who plays tricks and practical jokes on people. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT
= joker

prat

[D.J.:præt]

[K.K.:præt]

n.

<英,俚>笨；屁股

prat

prat prats
If you describe someone as a prat , you are saying in an unkind way that you think that they are very stupid or foolish. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- What's that prat doing out there now?

N-COUNT disapproval
= idiot

pratfall

[D.J.:ˈprætfɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈprætˌfɔl]

n.

屁股着地的摔倒,不像样的失态

pratfall

1. pratfall pratfalls
If someone takes a pratfall , they make an embarrassing mistake. (mainly AM)

- They're waiting for the poor little rich girl to take a pratfall.

N-COUNT

2. pratfall pratfalls
A pratfall is a fall onto your bottom. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

prattle

[D.J.:ˈprætl]

[K.K.:ˈprætl..]

vt. & vi.

(小孩般)天真无邪地说话,发出连续而无意义的声音；闲扯,东拉西扯

n.

闲扯,东拉西扯,(小孩般)咿咿呀呀的话

prattle

1. prattle prattles prattling prattled
If you say that someone prattles on about something, you are criticizing them because they are talking a great deal without saying anything important. (INFORMAL)

- Lou prattled on about various trivialities till I wanted to scream.

- She prattled on as she drove out to the Highway.

- Archie, shut up. You're prattling.

VB disapproval
= witter

2. prattle
Also a noun.

- What a bore it was to listen to the woman's prattle!

N-UNCOUNT

prattle

verb

chatter

babble

blather

blether

gabble

jabber

rabbit (on) Brit. informal

waffle informal chiefly Brit.

witter informal

prawn

[D.J.:prɔ:n]

[K.K.:prɔn]

n.

对虾, 明虾

prawn *

prawn prawns
A prawn is a small shellfish with a long tail and many legs, which can be eaten. (BRIT; in AM use shrimp )

- ...a prawn sandwich.

N-COUNT

prawn cocktail

prawn cocktail prawn cocktails
A prawn cocktail is a dish that consists of prawns, salad, and a sauce. It is usually eaten at the beginning of a meal. (BRIT; in AM use shrimp cocktail )
N-VAR

pray

[D.J.:prei]

[K.K.:pre]

vt. & vi.

祈祷, 祷告

vt.

〈文或旧〉请求, 恳求

prays

祈求

pray **

1. pray prays praying prayed
When people pray , they speak to God in order to give thanks or to ask for his help.

- He spent his time in prison praying and studying.

- Now all we have to do is help ourselves and to pray to God.

- ...all those who work and pray for peace...

- Kelly prayed that God would judge her with mercy.

VB

2. pray prays praying prayed
When someone is hoping very much that something will happen, you can say that they are praying that it will happen.

- I'm just praying that somebody in Congress will do something before it's too late.

- One can only pray that the team's manager learns something from it.

- By the time it came to vote, many of the centrists were secretly praying for a compromise.

VB: usu cont
= hope

3. pray
Pray is used when asking a question in a rather unfriendly way or in an angry but calm way. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- And what, pray, do you buy and sell, Major?

ADV: ADV with cl

4. pray
Pray was used to add politeness to a command. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- I beg your pardon, pray continue.

ADV: ADV cl politeness
= please

pray

verb

1.

say one's prayers

offer a prayer

recite the rosary

2.

beg

adjure

ask

beseech

entreat

implore

petition

plead

request

solicit

prayer

[D.J.:prɛə]

[K.K.:prɛr]

n.

祈祷, 祈祷文

祈祷(习惯)

prayer **

1. prayer
Prayer is the activity of speaking to God.

- They had joined a religious order and dedicated their lives to prayer and good works.

- The night was spent in prayer.

N-UNCOUNT

2. prayer prayers
A prayer is the words a person says when they speak to God.

- They should take a little time and say a prayer for the people on both sides.

- ...prayers of thanksgiving.

N-COUNT

3. prayer prayers
You can refer to a strong hope that you have as your prayer .

- This drug could be the answer to our prayers.

N-COUNT: poss N

4. prayer prayers
A short religious service at which people gather to pray can be referred to as prayers .

- He promised that the boy would be back at school in time for evening prayers.

- ...Muslims attending prayers in the main mosque.

N-PLURAL

5. prayer
If you say that someone hasn't got a prayer , you mean that it is impossible for them to succeed in what they are trying to do. (INFORMAL)

- She'd been caught from behind and hadn't a prayer of freeing herself.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR of -ing

prayer

noun

1.

orison

devotion

invocation

litany

supplication

2.

plea

appeal

entreaty

petition

request

supplication

prayer book

prayer book prayer books
A prayer book is a book which contains the prayers which are used in church or at home.
N-COUNT

prayer meeting

prayer meeting prayer meetings
A prayer meeting is a religious meeting where people say prayers to God.
N-COUNT

pre-

pref.

…之前

pre-

pre-
Pre- is used to form words that indicate that something takes place before a particular date, period, or event.

- It was 1950 before he returned to his pre-war job at the British Museum.

- Last year the company offered to buy pre-1971 cars for $700 apiece.

- ...life in pre-industrial England.

PREFIX
≠ post-

preach

[D.J.:pri:tʃ]

[K.K.:pritʃ]

vt. & vi.

讲道

劝诫; 说教

preaching

[ˈpri:tʃiŋ]

n.

讲道,讲道法

preach **

1. preach preaches preaching preached
When a member of the clergy preaches a sermon, he or she gives a talk on a religious or moral subject during a religious service.

- At High Mass the priest preached a sermon on the devil.

- The bishop preached to a crowd of several hundred local people.

- He denounced the decision to invite his fellow archbishop to preach.

VB

2. preach preaches preaching preached
When people preach a belief or a course of action, they try to persuade other people to accept the belief or to take the course of action.

- The Prime Minister said he was trying to preach peace and tolerance to his people.

- Health experts are now preaching that even a little exercise is far better than none at all.

- For many years I have preached against war.

VB
= advocate

3. preach preaches preaching preached
If someone gives you advice in a very serious, boring way, you can say that they are preaching at you.

- `Don't preach at me,' he shouted.

VB disapproval

4. preach
If you say that someone practises what they preach , you mean that they behave in the way that they encourage other people to behave in.

- He ought to practise what he preaches.

PHR: Vs inflect

5. preach
If you say that someone is preaching to the converted , you mean that they are wasting their time because they are trying to persuade people to think or believe in things that they already think or believe in.
PHR: V inflects

preach

verb

1.

deliver a sermon

address

evangelize

2.

lecture

advocate

exhort

moralize

sermonize

preacher

[D.J.:ˈpri:tʃə]

[K.K.:ˈpritʃɚ]

n.

说教者;鼓吹者;传道人, 讲道的道士

preacher *

preacher preachers
A preacher is a person, usually a member of the clergy, who preaches sermons as part of a church service.
N-COUNT

preacher

noun

clergyman

evangelist

minister

missionary

parson

preamble

[D.J.:ˈpri:ˌæmbəl, pri:ˈæm-]

[K.K.:ˈpriˌæmbəl, priˈæm-]

n.

序,绪言,开场白

(法令、文件等的)序文,前言

preamble

preamble preambles
A preamble is an introduction that comes before something you say or write.

- The controversy has arisen over the text of the preamble to the unification treaty.

- `I would like you to return to the villa as soon as possible,' she said without preamble.

N-VAR: oft N to/of n, without N

preamble

noun

introduction

foreword

opening statement or remarks

preface

prelude

prearrange

[D.J.:ˌpri:əˈreindʒ]

[K.K.:ˌpriəˈrendʒ]

vt.

预先安排, 预先商定

prearrange

prearrange prearranges prearranging prearranged
If you prearrange something, you plan or arrange it before the time when it actually happens.

- When you prearrange your funeral, you can pick your own flowers and music.

VB also pre-arrange .

prearranged

prearranged
You use prearranged to indicate that something has been planned or arranged before the time when it actually happens.

- Working to a prearranged plan, he rang the First Secretary and requested an appointment with the Ambassador.

ADJ: ADJ n also pre-arranged .

precarious

[D.J.:priˈkɛəriəs]

[K.K.:prɪˈkɛriəs]

adj.

依靠机会的; 不确定的

不安全的; 不稳固的

precariously

[D.J.:prɪˈk eərɪəslɪ]

[K.K.:prɪˈk ɛrɪəslɪ]

adv.

不安全地,危险地

碰机会地,不稳定地,靠不住地

precarious *

1. precarious
If your situation is precarious , you are not in complete control of events and might fail in what you are doing at any moment.

- Our financial situation had become precarious.

- ...the Government's precarious position.

ADJ-GRADED
= uncertain unstable ≠ stable secure

2. precariously

- We lived precariously. I suppose I wanted to squeeze as much pleasure from each day as I possibly could.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj/adv

3. precariousness

- Wells was well aware of the precariousness of human life.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

4. precarious
Something that is precarious is not securely held in place and seems likely to fall or collapse at any moment.

- They looked rather comical as they crawled up precarious ladders.

ADJ-GRADED

5. precariously

- One of my grocery bags was still precariously perched on the car bumper.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj/adv

precarious

adjective

dangerous

dodgy Brit. Austral. & N.Z. informal

hazardous

insecure

perilous

risky

shaky

tricky

unreliable

unsafe

unsure

precaution

[D.J.:priˈkɔ:ʃən]

[K.K.:prɪˈkɔʃən]

n.

预防措施

precaution **

precaution precautions
A precaution is an action that is intended to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening.

- Could he not, just as a precaution, move to a place of safety?.

- I had taken the precaution of doing a little research before I left London.

- Extra safety precautions are essential in homes where older people live.

N-COUNT

precaution

noun

1.

safeguard

insurance

protection

provision

safety measure

2.

forethought

care

caution

providence

prudence

wariness

precautionary

[D.J.:prɪˈkɔ:ʃəˌneri:]

[K.K.:prɪˈkɔʃəˌnɛri]

adj.

预先警戒的;小心的

precautionary

precautionary
Precautionary actions are taken in order to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening. (FORMAL)

- The local administration says the curfew is a precautionary measure.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

precede

[D.J.:ˌpriˈsi:d]

[K.K.:prɪˈsid]

vt. & vi.

在…之前, 先于

preceding

[D.J.:priˈsi:diŋ]

[K.K.:prɪˈsidɪŋ]

adj.

(时间或地点上)在先的, 在前的, 前面的

precede **

1. precede precedes preceding preceded
If one event or period of time precedes another, it happens before it. (FORMAL)

- Intensive negotiations between the main parties preceded the vote.

- The earthquake was preceded by a loud roar and lasted 20 seconds.

- Industrial orders had already fallen in the preceding months.

VB

2. precede precedes preceding preceded
If you precede someone somewhere, you go in front of them. (FORMAL)

- He gestured to Alice to precede them from the room.

- They were preceded by mounted cowboys.

VB

3. precede precedes preceding preceded
A sentence, paragraph, or chapter that precedes another one comes just before it.

- Look at the information that precedes the paragraph in question.

- In the preceding chapter we traced the redefinition of Britain's global position in the years 1942-73.

VB
≠ follow

precede

verb

go before

antedate

come first

head

introduce

lead

preface

preceding

adjective

previous

above

aforementioned

aforesaid

earlier

foregoing

former

past

prior

precedence

[D.J.:ˈpresɪdəns, prɪˈsi:dns]

[K.K.:ˈprɛsɪdəns, prɪˈsidn..s]

n.

领先于…的权利;优先权

precedence *

precedence
If one thing takes precedence over another, it is regarded as more important than the other thing.

- Have as much fun as possible at college, but don't let it take precedence over work.

- As the King's representative he took precedence over everyone else on the island.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N over n
= priority

precedence

noun

priority

antecedence

pre-eminence

primacy

rank

seniority

superiority

supremacy

precedent

[D.J.:ˈpresidənt]

[K.K.:ˈprɛsɪdənt]

n.

范例, 判例

precedents

n.

引用单元

precedent **

precedent precedents
If there is a precedent for an action or event, it has happened before, and this can be regarded as an argument for doing it again. (FORMAL)

- The trial could set an important precedent for dealing with large numbers of similar cases.

- There are plenty of precedents in Hollywood for letting people out of contracts.

N-VAR: oft N for n

precedent

noun

instance

antecedent

example

model

paradigm

pattern

prototype

standard

precept

[D.J.:ˈpri:ˌsept]

[K.K.:ˈpriˌsɛpt]

n.

规诫,戒律,箴言

precept

precept precepts
A precept is a general rule that helps you to decide how you should behave in particular circumstances. (FORMAL)

- ...an electoral process based on the central precept that all men are born equal regardless of race or colour.

- ...the precepts of Buddhism.

N-COUNT
= maxim principle

precept

noun

rule

canon

command

commandment

decree

instruction

law

order

principle

regulation

statute

precinct

[D.J.:ˈpri:ˌsɪŋkt]

[K.K.:ˈpriˌsɪŋkt]

n.

区域

城镇中有某种用途或受限制的地区;行人专用区

分区

界限,范围;周围地区,附近;郊区,近郊

precinct *

1. precinct precincts
A shopping precinct is an area in the centre of a town in which cars are not allowed. (BRIT)

- The Centre was a pedestrian precinct with a bandstand in the middle.

N-COUNT
= shopping centre

2. precinct precincts
A precinct is a part of a city which has its own police force and fire service. (AM)

- The shooting occurred in the 34th Precinct.

N-COUNT: usu ord N

3. precinct precincts
The precincts of an institution are its buildings and land. (FORMAL)

- No one carrying arms is allowed within the precincts of a temple.

N-PLURAL

precinct

noun

1.

enclosure

confine

limit

2.

area

district

quarter

section

sector

zone

precious

[D.J.:ˈpreʃəs]

[K.K.:ˈprɛʃəs]

adj.

宝贵的, 珍贵的, 贵重的, 珍爱的

矫揉造作的

adv.

〈口〉很, 非常

precious **

1. precious
If you say that something such as a resource is precious , you mean that it is valuable and should not be wasted or used badly.

- After four months in foreign parts, every hour at home was precious.

- A family break allows you to spend precious time together.

- Water is becoming an increasingly precious resource.

ADJ-GRADED
= valuable

2. precious
Precious objects and materials are worth a lot of money because they are rare.

- ...jewellery and precious objects belonging to her mother.

ADJ-GRADED
= valuable

3. precious
If something is precious to you, you regard it as important and do not want to lose it.

- Her family's support is particularly precious to Josie.

- Mary left her most precious possession -- a small bookcase -- to her niece.

ADJ-GRADED

4. precious
People sometimes use precious to emphasize their dislike for things which other people think are important. (INFORMAL)

- You don't care about anything but yourself and your precious face.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

5. precious
If you describe someone as precious , you mean that they behave in a formal and unnatural way.

- Actors, he decided, were too precious and neurotic.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= affected mannered

6. precious
If you say that there is precious little of something, you are emphasizing that there is very little of it, and that it would be better if there were more. Precious few has a similar meaning.

- The battered banks of Japan have had precious little to celebrate recently.

- Precious few homebuyers will notice any reduction in their monthly repayments.

PHR emphasis

precious

adjective

1.

valuable

costly

dear

expensive

fine

invaluable

priceless

prized

2.

loved

adored

beloved

cherished

darling

dear

prized

treasured

3.

affected

artificial

overnice

overrefined

twee Brit. informal

precious metal *

precious metal precious metals
A precious metal is a valuable metal such as gold or silver.
N-VAR

precious stone

precious stone precious stones
A precious stone is a valuable stone, such as a diamond or a ruby, that is used for making jewellery.
N-COUNT
= gem jewel

precipice

[D.J.:ˈpresəpɪs]

[K.K.:ˈprɛsəpɪs]

n.

悬崖,峭壁

precipice,steep

峭壁

precipice

1. precipice precipices
A precipice is a very steep cliff on a mountain.
N-COUNT

2. precipice precipices
If you say that someone is on the edge of a precipice , you mean that they are in a dangerous situation in which they are extremely close to disaster or failure.

- I was beginning to admit to myself that our marriage was rolling toward the edge of a precipice.

- The King now stands on the brink of a political precipice.

N-COUNT

precipice

noun

cliff

bluff

crag

height

rock face

precipitate

[D.J.:priˈsipiteit]

[K.K.:prɪˈsɪpɪˌtet]

vt.

(突如其来地)使发生; 促成

猛然摔下

使沉淀, 使淀析

vi.

沉淀, 淀析; 凝结

[priˈsipitit]

n.

〈化〉沉淀物; 析出物; 冷凝物

[priˈsipitit]

adj.

(指行动)急促的, 迅猛的

(指行动)未经考虑的, 仓促的

(指人)鲁莽的, 仓促行事的, 感情用事的

precipitated

沉淀碳酸钡

precipitately

adv.

猛进地

precipitating

[priˈsipiteitiŋ]

adj.

急落的;猛冲的

precipitate *

1. precipitate precipitates precipitating precipitated
If something precipitates an event or situation, usually a bad one, it causes it to happen suddenly or sooner than normal. (FORMAL)

- The killings in Vilnius have precipitated the worst crisis yet.

- A slight mistake could precipitate a disaster.

VB
= bring about hasten

2. precipitate
A precipitate action or decision happens or is made more quickly or suddenly than most people think is sensible. (FORMAL)

- I don't think we should make precipitate decisions.

- Many of our current problems have been caused by precipitate policy making in the past.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= hasty

3. precipitately

- Somebody hired from another country is not likely to resign precipitately.

- He hurried precipitately away.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

precipitate

verb

1.

quicken

accelerate

advance

bring on

expedite

hasten

hurry

speed up

trigger

2.

throw

cast

fling

hurl

launch

let fly

adjective

3.

hasty

heedless

impetuous

impulsive

precipitous

rash

reckless

4.

swift

breakneck

headlong

rapid

rushing

5.

sudden

abrupt

brief

quick

unexpected

without warning

precipitation

[D.J.:prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:prɪˌsɪpɪˈteʃən]

n.

匆促,仓促,鲁莽

沉淀,析出

(雨等)降落;某地区降雨等的量

precipitation

1. precipitation
Precipitation is rain, snow, or hail. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

2. precipitation
Precipitation is a process in a chemical reaction which causes solid particles to become separated from a liquid. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

precipitous

[D.J.:prɪˈsɪpɪtəs]

[K.K.:prɪˈsɪpɪtəs]

adj.

险峻的, 陡峭的

precipitously

[D.J.:prɪˈsɪpɪtəslɪ]

[K.K.:prɪˈsɪpɪtəslɪ]

adv.

陡峭地;陡然地,出乎意料地

precipitous *

1. precipitous
A precipitous slope or drop is very steep and often dangerous.

- The town is perched on the edge of a steep, precipitous cliff.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. precipitously

- The ground beyond the road fell away precipitously.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v, also ADV adj

3. precipitous
A precipitous change is sudden and unpleasant.

- The stock market's precipitous drop frightened foreign investors.

- Meryl's health started a precipitous decline.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. precipitously

- The company has seen its profits fall precipitously over the past few years.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. precipitous
A precipitous action happens very quickly and often without being planned.

- ...a precipitous decision.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

6. precipitously

- They've got to act precipitously to make the deals.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

precipitous

adjective

1.

sheer

abrupt

dizzy

high

perpendicular

steep

2.

hasty

heedless

hurried

precipitate

rash

reckless

precise

[D.J.:priˈsais]

[K.K.:prɪˈsaɪs]

adj.

精确的, 准确的

恰好的; 正是的

周密的, 细密的, 精细的

precise **

1. precise
You use precise to emphasize that you are referring to an exact thing, rather than something vague.

- I can remember the precise moment when my daughter came to see me and her new baby brother in hospital.

- The precise location of the wreck was discovered in 1988.

- He was not clear on the precise nature of his mission.

- We will never know the precise details of his death.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n emphasis
= exact

2. precise
Something that is precise is exact and accurate in all its details.

- They speak very precise English.

- He does not talk too much and what he has to say is precise and to the point.

ADJ-GRADED

3. precise
You say ` to be precise ' to indicate that you are giving more detailed or accurate information than you have just given.

- More than a week ago, Thursday evening to be precise, Susanne was at her evening class.

- The restaurant in which we ate that night had more people in it at 11pm, 51 more to be precise, than it did at 10pm.

PHR: cl/group PHR

precise

adjective

1.

exact

absolute

accurate

correct

definite

explicit

express

particular

specific

strict

2.

strict

careful

exact

fastidious

finicky

formal

meticulous

particular

punctilious

rigid

scrupulous

stiff

precisely

[D.J.:prɪˈsaɪsli:]

[K.K.:prɪˈsaɪsli]

adv.

精确地;恰好;细心地

对, 的确如此

precisely ***

1. precisely
Precisely means accurately and exactly.

- Nobody knows precisely how many people are still living in the camp.

- The meeting began at precisely 4.00 p.m.

- Breakfast television arrived in British life precisely a decade ago.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV with cl/group
= exactly

2. precisely
You can use precisely to emphasize that a reason or fact is the only important one there is, or that it is obvious.

- Children come to zoos precisely to see captive animals.

- That is precisely the result the system is designed to produce.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group emphasis

3. precisely
You can say ` precisely ' to confirm in an emphatic way that what someone has just said is true.

- `So, you're trying to put trained, responsible people in every place where you think they might be able to help?' --- `Precisely.'

ADV as reply emphasis
= exactly

precisely

adverb

exactly

absolutely

accurately

correctly

just so

plumb informal

smack informal

square

squarely

strictly

precision

[D.J.:priˈsiʒən]

[K.K.:prɪˈsɪʒən]

n.

精确度, 准确(性)

precision **

precision
If you do something with precision , you do it exactly as it should be done.

- The choir sang with precision.

- The interior is planned with a precision the military would be proud of.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with N

precision

noun

exactness

accuracy

care

meticulousness

particularity

preciseness

preclude

[D.J.:priˈklu:d]

[K.K.:prɪˈklud]

vt.

阻止; 排除; 妨碍; 使…行不通

preclude *

1. preclude precludes precluding precluded
If something precludes an event or action, it prevents the event or action from happening. (FORMAL)

- At 84, John feels his age precludes too much travel.

- He would rebuff enquiries in such a way as to preclude any further discussion.

VB
= prevent

2. preclude precludes precluding precluded
If something precludes you from doing something or going somewhere, it prevents you from doing it or going there. (FORMAL)

- A constitutional amendment precludes any president from serving more than two terms.

- In some cases poor English precluded them from ever finding a job.

VB
= prevent

preclude

verb

prevent

check

debar

exclude

forestall

inhibit

obviate

prohibit

rule out

stop

precocious

[D.J.:prɪˈkəʊʃəs]

[K.K.:prɪˈkoʃəs]

adj.

早熟的,较早具备某种能力的,超常的

较早显出的,超常的

(儿童)老气的

precociously

adv.

发育过早地;过早发展地

precociousness

n.

早熟,早成

precocious *

1. precocious
A precocious child is very clever, mature, or good at something, often in a way that you usually only expect to find in an adult.

- Margaret was always a precocious child.

- She burst on to the world tennis scene as a precocious 14-year old.

- Despite her precocious talent for music and art, she failed both subjects at school.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. precociously

- He was a precociously bright school boy.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj, also ADV with v

precocious

adjective

advanced

ahead

bright

developed

forward

quick

smart

precocity

[priˈkɔsiti]

n.

早熟,早成

precocity

precocity
Precocity is the quality of being precocious. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

preconceived

[D.J.:ˌpri:kənˈsi:vd]

[K.K.:ˌprikənˈsivd]

adj.

预想的，先入为主的

preconceived

preconceived
If you have preconceived ideas about something, you have already formed an opinion about it before you have enough information or experience.

- Five minutes after he had arrived for the interview, I had abandoned my preconceived ideas about boxers.

- We all start with preconceived notions of what we want from life.

ADJ: ADJ n

preconceived

adjective

presumed

forejudged

prejudged

presupposed

preconception

[D.J.:ˌpri:kənˈsepʃən]

[K.K.:ˌprikənˈsɛpʃən]

n.

事先形成的观点或思想;先入之见

preconception *

preconception preconceptions
Your preconceptions about something are beliefs formed about it before you have enough information or experience.

- Did you have any preconceptions about the sort of people who did computing?.

- He did not allow his preconceptions to compromise his scientific work.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

preconception

noun

preconceived idea or notion

bias

notion

predisposition

prejudice

presupposition

precondition

[D.J.:ˈprikənˈdiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌprikənˈdɪʃən]

n.

前提, 先决条件

precondition *

precondition preconditions
If one thing is a precondition for another, it must happen or be done before the second thing can happen or exist. (FORMAL)

- They have been demanding the release of three of their colleagues from prison as a precondition for further negotiation.

N-COUNT: oft N for/of/to n/-ing
= prerequisite

pre-cooked

pre-cooked
Pre-cooked food has been prepared and cooked in advance so that it only needs to be heated quickly before you eat it.

- ...pre-cooked baby food.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also precooked .

precursor

[D.J.:prɪˈkɜ:sə, ˈpri:ˌkɜ:sə]

[K.K.:prɪˈkə..sɚ, ˈpriˌkə..sɚ]

n.

先驱;先行者;先兆,前兆

初期形式

precursor *

precursor precursors
A precursor of something is a similar thing that happened or existed before it, often something which led to the existence or development of that thing.

- Real tennis, an ancient precursor of the modern game, originated in the eleventh century.

- He said that the deal should not be seen as a precursor to a merger.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of/to n
= forerunner

precursor

noun

1.

herald

forerunner

harbinger

vanguard

2.

forerunner

antecedent

forebear

predecessor

predate

[D.J.:ˈpri:ˈdeit]

[K.K.:priˈdet]

v.

提早日期,居先

predate

predate predates predating predated
If you say that one thing predated another, you mean that the first thing happened or existed some time before the second thing.

- His troubles predated the recession.

- The monument predates the arrival of the druids in Britain.

VB

predator

[D.J.:ˈpredətə, -ˌtɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈprɛdətɚ, -ˌtɔr]

n.

食肉动物

奴役他人者(尤指在财务或性关系方面)

predator *

1. predator predators
A predator is an animal that kills and eats other animals.
N-COUNT

2. predator predators
People sometimes refer to predatory people or organizations as predators .

- Rumours of a takeover by Hanson are probably far-fetched, but the company is worried about other predators.

N-COUNT

predatory

[D.J.:ˈpredəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:]

[K.K.:ˈprɛdəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

食肉的

掠夺的, 以掠夺为目的的;企图奴役他人的

predatory *

1. predatory
Predatory animals live by killing other animals for food.

- ...predatory birds like the eagle.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. predatory
Predatory people or organizations are eager to gain something out of someone else's weakness or suffering.

- People will not set up new businesses while they are frightened by the predatory behaviour of the banks.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

predatory

adjective

hunting

carnivorous

predacious

raptorial

predecease

[D.J.:ˈpri:diˈsi:s]

[K.K.:ˌpridɪˈsis]

n.

〈罕〉先死

v.

比…先死;先死

predecease

predecease predeceases predeceasing predeceased
If one person predeceases another, they die before them. (FORMAL)

- His wife of 63 years, Mary, predeceased him by 11 months.

VB

predecessor

[D.J.:ˈpri:disesə]

[K.K.:ˈprɛdɪˌsɛsɚ, ˈpridɪ-]

n.

前任, 前辈

(被取代的)原有事物, 前身

predecessor **

1. predecessor predecessors
Your predecessor is the person who had your job before you.

- He maintained that he learned everything he knew from his predecessor Kenneth Sisam.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

2. predecessor predecessors
The predecessor of an object or machine is the object or machine that came before it in a sequence or process of development.

- Although the car is some 40mm shorter than its predecessor, its boot is 20 per cent larger.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= forerunner

predecessor

noun

1.

previous job holder

antecedent

forerunner

precursor

2.

ancestor

antecedent

forebear

forefather

predestination

[D.J.:pri:destiˈneiʃ(ə)n]

[K.K.:priˌdɛstəˈneʃən]

n.

预定,预言

predestination

predestination
If you believe in predestination , you believe that people have no control over events because everything has already been decided by a power such as God or fate.
N-UNCOUNT

predestination

noun

fate

destiny

foreordainment

foreordination

predetermination

predestined

predestined
If you say that something was predestined , you mean that it could not have been prevented or changed because it had already been decided by a power such as God or fate.

- His was not a political career predestined from birth.

- He wished that he could be like other children instead of pursuing his lonely predestined path.

ADJ

predestined

adjective

fated

doomed

meant

preordained

predetermined

predetermined
If you say that something is predetermined , you mean that its form or nature was decided by previous events or by people rather than by chance.

- The Prince's destiny was predetermined from the moment of his birth.

- The capsules can be made to release the pesticides at a predetermined time.

ADJ

predetermined

adjective

prearranged

agreed

fixed

preplanned

set

predeterminer

[D.J.:ˌpri:diˈtə:rminə]

[K.K.:ˌpridɪˈtɚmənɚ]

n.

前置限定词, 前置限定成分

predeterminer

predeterminer predeterminers
In grammar, a predeterminer is a word that is used before a determiner, but is still part of the noun group. For example, `all' in `all the time' and `both' in `both our children' are predeterminers.
N-COUNT

predicament

[D.J.:prɪˈdɪkəmənt]

[K.K.:prɪˈdɪkəmənt]

n.

困难的处境;窘境

predicament *

predicament predicaments
If you are in a predicament , you are in an unpleasant situation that is difficult to get out of.

- Hank explained our predicament.

- The decision will leave her in a peculiar predicament.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= dilemma

predicament

noun

fix informal

dilemma

hole slang

jam informal

mess

pinch

plight

quandary

scrape informal

situation

spot informal

predicate

[D.J.:ˈpredɪˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈprɛdɪˌket]

vt.

断言；断定

[D.J.: ˈpredɪkət]

[K.K.: ˈprɛdɪkɪt]

n.

谓语

predicate

1. predicate predicates
In some systems of grammar, the predicate of a clause is the part of it that is not the subject. For example, in `I decided what to do', `decided what to do' is the predicate.
N-COUNT

2. predicate predicates predicating predicated
If you say that one situation is predicated on another, you mean that the first situation can be true or real only if the second one is true or real. (FORMAL)

- Financial success is usually predicated on having money or being able to obtain it.

VB: usu passive
= be dependent upon

predict

[D.J.:priˈdikt]

[K.K.:prɪˈdɪkt]

vt. & vi.

预言; 预测; 预示

predict ***

predict predicts predicting predicted
If you predict an event, you say that it will happen.

- The latest opinion polls are predicting a very close contest.

- He predicted that my hair would grow back `in no time'.

- It's hard to predict how a jury will react.

- `The war will continue another two or three years,' he predicted.

VB

predict

verb

foretell

augur

divine

forecast

portend

prophesy

predictability

[priˌdiktəˈbiliti]

n.

可预言

predictable

[D.J.:prɪˈdɪktəbl]

adj.

可预言〔预报〕的

不出所料的,可以想见的;平庸的;墨守成规的;毫无想像力的

predictability

n.

可预测性

predictably

[D.J.:prɪˈdɪktəblɪ]

[K.K.:prɪˈdɪktəblɪ]

adv.

可预见地；果不出所料地;脱不出老一套地

predictable **

1. predictable
If you say that an event is predictable , you mean that it is obvious in advance that it will happen.

- This was a predictable reaction, given the bitter hostility between the two countries.

- The result was entirely predictable.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unpredictable

2. predictably

- His article is, predictably, a scathing attack on capitalism.

- The central London hospitals have reacted predictably.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl, ADV with v, ADV adj/adv

3. predictability

- Your mother values the predictability of your Sunday calls.

N-UNCOUNT

predictable

adjective

likely

anticipated

certain

expected

foreseeable

reliable

sure

prediction

[D.J.:prɪˈdɪkʃən]

[K.K.:prɪˈdɪkʃən]

n.

预言;预言的事物

prediction **

prediction predictions
If you make a prediction about something, you say what you think will happen.

- He was unwilling to make a prediction for the coming year: `It's hard to tell which of our books are going to sell.'.

- Predictions that the recession will be short are small comfort to those already affected.

- Weather prediction has never been a perfect science, and it isn't one now.

N-VAR

prediction

noun

prophecy

augury

divination

forecast

prognosis

prognostication

predictive

[priˈdiktiv]

adj.

预言性的,成为前兆的

predictive

predictive
You use predictive to describe something such as a test, science, or theory that is concerned with determining what will happen in the future. (FORMAL)

- ...the predictive branch of economics.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

predictor

[priˈdiktə]

n.

预言者,预报器

predictor

predictor predictors
You can refer to something that helps you predict something that will happen in the future as a predictor of that thing.

- Opinion polls are an unreliable predictor of election outcomes.

- The child's reaction to the arrival of the new baby was a very good predictor of how they would get on during the year that followed.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n
= indication

predilection

[D.J.:ˌpredlˈekʃən, ˌpri:d-]

[K.K.:ˌprɛdl..ˈɛkʃən, ˌprid-]

n.

偏爱,偏好,嗜好

predilection

predilection predilections
If you have a predilection for something, you have a strong liking for it. (FORMAL)

- ...his predilection for fast cars and fast horses.

N-COUNT: oft N for n/-ing
= fondness

predilection

noun

liking

bias

fondness

inclination

leaning

love

partiality

penchant

preference

propensity

taste

weakness

predispose

[D.J.:ˌpri:dɪˈspəʊz]

[K.K.:ˌpridɪˈspoz]

vt.

使预先有倾向,使预先有意向

使易接受,使易受感染,有…的倾向

predispose to

使倾向于做；使易于患(病)

predisposition

n.

predisposed

先倾向于…的

predisposing

素因性的

predisposition

[D.J.:ˌpri:dɪspəˈzɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌpridɪspəˈzɪʃən]

n.

倾向;素质

易染病体质

predispose

1. predispose predisposes predisposing predisposed
If something predisposes you to think or behave in a particular way, it makes it likely that you will think or behave in that way. (FORMAL)

- They take pains to hire people whose personalities predispose them to serve customers well.

- There is evidence to suggest that factors such as personality and attitude predispose some individuals to criminal behaviour.

VB

2. predisposed

- Franklin was predisposed to believe him.

- ...people who are predisposed to violent crime.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to-inf, ADJ to n

3. predispose predisposes predisposing predisposed
If something predisposes you to a disease or illness, it makes it likely that you will suffer from that disease or illness. (FORMAL)

- ...a gene that predisposes people to alcoholism.

VB

4. predisposed

- Some people are genetically predisposed to diabetes.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to n

predispose

verb

incline

affect

bias

dispose

influence

lead

prejudice

prompt

predisposed

adjective

inclined

given

liable

minded

ready

subject

susceptible

willing

predisposition

1. predisposition predispositions
If you have a predisposition to behave in a particular way, you tend to behave like that because of the kind of person that you are or the attitudes that you have. (FORMAL)

- ...a woman's predisposition to use the right side of her brain...

- There is a thin dividing line between educating the public and creating a predisposition to panic.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N to-inf, N to/towards n/-ing

2. predisposition predispositions
If you have a predisposition to a disease or illness, it is likely that you will suffer from that disease or illness. (FORMAL)

- ...a genetic predisposition to lung cancer.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N to/towards n

predominance

[D.J.:prɪˈdɔmənəns]

[K.K.:prɪˈdɑmənəns]

n.

优势

主导或支配的地位

predominance

1. predominance
If there is a predominance of one type of person or thing, there are many more of that type than of any other type. (FORMAL)

- Another interesting note was the predominance of London club players.

N-SING: usu N of n
= preponderance

2. predominance
If someone or something has predominance , they have the most power or importance among a group of people or things. (FORMAL)

- Eventually even their economic predominance was to suffer.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

predominant

[D.J.:priˈdɔminənt]

[K.K.:prɪˈdɑmənənt]

adj.

占主导地位的, 显著的

predominant *

predominant
If something is predominant , it is more important or noticeable than anything else in a set of people or things.

- Amanda's predominant emotion was that of confusion.

ADJ-GRADED

predominant

adjective

main

ascendant

chief

dominant

leading

paramount

prevailing

prevalent

prime

principal

predominantly

[D.J.:prɪˈd ɔmɪnəntlɪ]

[K.K.:prɪˈd ɑmɪnəntlɪ]

adv.

占主导地位地;占优势地;显著地

predominantly **

predominantly
You use predominantly to indicate which feature or quality is most noticeable in a situation.

- The landscape has remained predominantly rural in appearance.

- ...a predominantly female profession...

- Although it is predominantly a teenage problem, acne can occur in early childhood.

- His audience consists predominantly of groups of rugby-club revellers.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV group, also ADV after v
= mainly

predominantly

adverb

mainly

chiefly

for the most part

generally

largely

mostly

primarily

principally

predominate

[D.J.:prɪˈdɔməˌneɪt]

[K.K.:prɪˈdɑməˌnet]

vi.

占支配地位

vt.

在…中占优势

predominate *

1. predominate predominates predominating predominated
If one type of person or thing predominates in a group, there is more of that type of person or thing in the group than of any other. (FORMAL)

- In older age groups women predominate because men tend to die younger.

- All nationalities were represented -- but the English predominated.

VB

2. predominate predominates predominating predominated
When a feature or quality predominates , it is the most important or noticeable one in a situation. (FORMAL)

- He wants to create a society where Islamic principles predominate.

VB

predominate

verb

prevail

be most noticeable

carry weight

hold sway

outweigh

overrule

overshadow

predominately

predominately
Predominately means the same as predominantly .

- ...a predominately white, middle-class suburb.

ADV: usu ADV group, also ADV after v

pre-eminent

adj.

卓越的,优秀的

pre-eminent *

1. pre-eminent
If someone or something is pre-eminent in a group, they are more important, powerful, or capable than other people or things in the group. (FORMAL)

- ...his fifty years as the pre-eminent political figure in the country...

- For a decade `X' was the pre-eminent punk band in Los Angeles.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) usually preeminent

2. pre-eminence

- ...London's continuing pre-eminence among European financial centres...

- For those under 40 the pre-eminence of post-war US literature goes unquestioned.

N-UNCOUNT

pre-eminence

noun

superiority

distinction

excellence

predominance

prestige

prominence

renown

supremacy

pre-eminent

adjective

outstanding

chief

distinguished

excellent

foremost

incomparable

matchless

predominant

renowned

superior

supreme

pre-eminently

pre-eminently
Pre-eminently means to a very great extent.

- The party was pre-eminently the party of the landed interest.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj/adv, ADV n (AM) usually preeminently

pre-empt

v.

〈美〉先占,先取得;先发制人地叫牌

pre-emption

收买权

pre-empt *

1. pre-empt pre-empts pre-empting pre-empted
If you pre-empt an action, you prevent it from happening by doing something which makes it unnecessary or impossible.

- You can pre-empt pain by taking a painkiller at the first warning sign.

- He pre-empted any decision to sack him.

- The government pre-empted a threatened strike at the state-owned copper company.

VB (AM) usually preempt

2. pre-emption

- ...strategic plans which demanded pre-emption as the only method of averting defeat.

N-UNCOUNT

pre-empt

verb

anticipate

appropriate

assume

usurp

pre-emptive

pre-emptive
A pre-emptive attack or strike is intended to weaken or damage an enemy or opponent, for example by destroying their weapons before they can do any harm.

- Pitt wanted to cripple Spain's war-making ability by launching a pre-emptive strike against her South American treasure fleet.

- In a pre-emptive move the Interior Ministry arrested a number of suspected dissidents.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) usually preemptive

preen

[D.J.:pri:n]

[K.K.:prin]

vt. & vi.

(鸟)用嘴整理(羽毛)

preening

梳理

preen

1. preen preens preening preened
If someone preens themselves, they spend a lot of time making themselves look neat and attractive; used especially if you want to show that you disapprove of this behaviour or that you find it ridiculous and amusing.

- 50% of men under 35 spend at least 20 minutes preening themselves every morning in the bathroom.

- Bill turned to preen his beard and study his reflection in the dark mirror.

VB disapproval

2. preen preens preening preened
If someone preens , they think in a pleased way about how attractive, clever, or good at something they are.

- She stood preening in their midst, delighted with the attention.

- He preened himself on the praise he had received.

- He disrobes like a preening prize fighter about to enter a ring.

VB disapproval

3. preen preens preening preened
When birds preen their feathers, they clean them and arrange them neatly using their beaks.

- Rare birds, normally too shy to be seen, preen themselves right in front of your camera.

VB

preen

verb

1.

clean

plume

2.

smarten

dress up

spruce up

titivate

preen oneself (on)

3.

pride oneself

congratulate oneself

pre-existing

pre-existing
A pre-existing situation or thing exists already or existed before something else.

- ...the pre-existing tensions between the two countries.

- ...people who have been infected in the course of their NHS treatment for a pre-existing illness.

ADJ: ADJ n also preexisting .

prefab

[D.J.:ˈpri:ˈfæb]

[K.K.:ˈpriˌfæb]

adj.

预制的

n.

活动房屋

prefab

1. prefab prefabs
A prefab is a house built with parts which have been made in a factory and then quickly put together at the place where the house was built. (mainly BRIT)

- ...some ugly Sixties prefabs.

N-COUNT

2. prefab
A prefab building or structure is one that has been made from parts which were made in a factory and then quickly put together at the place where the structure was built .

- ...a city of 50,000 with prefab concrete high-rise buildings.

ADJ: ADJ n

prefabricated

[ˈpri:ˈfæbrikeitid]

adj.

(建筑物、船等)预制构件的

prefabricated

prefabricated
Prefabricated buildings are built with parts which have been made in a factory so that they can be easily carried and put together.

- ...high-quality, Scandinavian prefabricated wooden homes.

ADJ

preface

[D.J.:ˈprefis]

[K.K.:ˈprɛfɪs]

n.

序言, 前言

开端, 前奏

vt.

作为…的序言, 作为…的开端

preface *

1. preface prefaces
A preface is an introduction at the beginning of a book, which explains what the book is about or why it was written.
N-COUNT
= foreword introduction

2. preface prefaces prefacing prefaced
If you preface an action or speech with something else, you do or say this other thing first.

- I will preface what I am going to say with a few lines from Shakespeare.

- The president prefaced his remarks by saying he has supported unemployment benefits all along.

VB

preface

noun Of birds

1.

introduction

foreword

preamble

preliminary

prelude

prologue

verb

2.

introduce

begin

open

prefix

prefect

[D.J.:ˈpri:ˌfekt]

[K.K.:ˈpriˌfɛkt]

n.

级长,监督生

高级行政长官;警察局长

prefectoral,-orial

adj.

级长的,监督生的

高级行政长官的,警察局长的

prefect *

1. prefect prefects
In some schools, especially in Britain, a prefect is an older pupil who does special duties and helps the teachers to control the younger pupils.
N-COUNT

2. prefect prefects
In some countries, a prefect is the head of the local government administration or of a local government department.

- ...the prefect of the city.

- ...the police prefect for the district of Mehedinti.

N-COUNT

prefecture

[D.J.:ˈpri:fektʃuə]

[K.K.:ˈpriˌfɛktʃɚ]

n.

地方官的任期,辖区

prefecture

prefecture prefectures
In some countries, administrative areas are called prefectures .

- He was born in Yamagata prefecture, north of Tokyo.

N-COUNT: oft in names

prefer

[D.J.:priˈfə:]

[K.K.:prɪˈfɚ]

vt.

选择某事物(而不选择他事物); 更喜欢

对…起诉

preferred

[D.J.:priˈfə:d]

[K.K.:prɪˈfɚd]

adj.

首选的

prefer ****

prefer prefers preferred
If you prefer someone or something, you like that person or thing better than another, and so you are more likely to choose them if there is a choice.

- Does he prefer a particular sort of music?.

- I became a teacher because I preferred books and people to politics.

- I prefer to go on self-catering holidays.

- I would prefer him to be with us next season.

- Bob prefers making original pieces rather than reproductions.

- The woodwork's green now. I preferred it blue.

- Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides.

VB: no cont

prefer

verb

like better

be partial to

choose

desire

fancy

favour

go for

incline towards

opt for

pick

preferable

[D.J.:ˈprefərəbl]

[K.K.:ˈprɛfərəbəl, ˈprɛfrə-]

adj.

更好的, 更适合的, 更可取的

preferably

[D.J.:ˈprefərəblɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpr ɛfərəblɪ]

adv.

更可取地;更好地;宁可

preferable **

1. preferable
If you say that one thing is preferable to another, you mean that it is more desirable or suitable.

- A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby.

- The hazards of the theatre seemed preferable to joining the family paint business.

- Was an evening with Peter in their company preferable to being left at home alone?

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to n/-ing, it v-link ADJ to-inf/that

2. preferably

- Do something creative or take exercise, preferably in the fresh air.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with cl/group

preferable

adjective

better

best

chosen

favoured

more desirable

superior

preferably

adverb

rather

by choice

first

in or for preference

sooner

preference

[D.J.:ˈprefərəns]

[K.K.:ˈprɛfərəns, ˈprɛfrəns]

n.

较喜欢的东西, 偏爱

优待, 优惠, 优先权

preferences

n.

参数选择

preference **

1. preference preferences
If you have a preference for something, you would like to have or do that thing rather than something else.

- The Bill will allow parents the right to express a preference for the school their child attends.

- Many of these products were bought in preference to their own.

N-VAR: usu N for n

2. preference
If you give preference to someone with a particular qualification or feature, you choose them rather than someone else.

- The Pentagon has said it will give preference to companies with which it can do business electronically.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N to n
= priority

preference

noun

1.

first choice

choice

desire

favourite

option

partiality

pick

predilection

selection

2.

priority

favoured treatment

favouritism

first place

precedence

preferential

[D.J.:ˌprefəˈrenʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌprɛfəˈrɛnʃəl]

adj.

优先的, 优惠的, 特惠的

preferential *

1. preferential
If you get preferential treatment, you are treated better than other people and therefore have an advantage over them.

- Despite her status, the Duchess will not be given preferential treatment.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= special

2. preferentially

- His face collapses when the baby preferentially reaches for the mother.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

preferential

adjective

privileged

advantageous

better

favoured

special

preferment

[D.J.:priˈfə:mənt]

[K.K.:prɪˈfɚmənt]

n.

优先

preferment

preferment preferments
Preferment is the act of being given a better and more important job in an organization. (FORMAL)

- He was told by the governors that he could expect no further preferment.

N-VAR
= advancement promotion

preferment

noun

promotion

advancement

elevation

exaltation

rise

upgrading

prefiguration

[D.J.:ˌpri:fiɡjuˈreiʃn]

[K.K.:priˌfɪɡjəˈreʃən]

n.

预示

prefigurative

[pri:ˈfiɡjurətiv]

adj.

预示的

prefigure

[D.J.:pri:ˈfɪgjə]

[K.K.:priˈfɪɡjɚ]

vt.

预示,预兆

prefiguration

n.

预示,预兆;预想

prefigurative

adj.

预示的,预兆的

prefigure

prefigure prefigures prefiguring prefigured
If one thing prefigures another, it is a first indication which suggests or determines that the second thing will happen. (FORMAL)

- The wall through Berlin was finally ruptured, prefiguring the reunification of Germany.

VB

prefix

[D.J.:ˈpri:fiks]

[K.K.:ˈpriˌfɪks]

n.

〈语〉前缀

人名前的称谓

[pri:ˈfiks]

vt.

在…前加前缀

在…前加上

prefix

1. prefix prefixes
A prefix is a letter or group of letters, for example `un-' or `multi-', which is added to the beginning of a word in order to form a different word. For example, the prefix `un-' is added to `happy' to form `unhappy'. Compare affix and suffix .
N-COUNT

2. prefix prefixes
A prefix is one or more numbers or letters added to the beginning of a code number to indicate, for example, what area something belongs to.

- To telephone from the US use the prefix 011 33 before the numbers given here.

- I soon learnt to read the licence plates' prefixes.

N-COUNT

prefixed

prefixed
A word or code number that is prefixed by one or more letters or numbers has them as its prefix.

- Sulphur-containing compounds are often prefixed by the term `thio', derived from the Greek word for sulphur.

- Calls to Dublin should now be prefixed with 010 3531.

V-PASSIVE

pregnancy

[D.J.:ˈpreɡnənsi]

[K.K.:ˈprɛɡnənsi]

n.

怀孕; 妊娠

pregnancy ***

pregnancy pregnancies
Pregnancy is the condition of being pregnant or the period of time during which a female is pregnant.

- It would be wiser to cut out all alcohol during pregnancy.

- She was exhausted by eight pregnancies in 13 years.

N-VAR

pregnancy test

pregnancy test pregnancy tests
A pregnancy test is a medical test which women have to find out if they have become pregnant.
N-COUNT

pregnant

[D.J.:ˈpreɡnənt]

[K.K.:ˈprɛɡnənt]

adj.

怀孕的, 怀胎的

含蓄的, 意味深长的

孕育着…的, 预示着…前景的

pregnant ***

1. pregnant
If a woman or female animal is pregnant , she has a baby or babies developing in her body.

- Lena got pregnant and married.

- Tina was pregnant with their first daughter.

ADJ-GRADED

2. pregnant
A pregnant silence or moment has a special meaning which is not obvious but which people are aware of.

- There was a long, pregnant silence, which Mrs. Madrigal punctuated by reaching for the check.

- ...a deceptive peace, pregnant with invisible threats.

ADJ: ADJ n, v-link ADJ with n

pregnant

adjective

1.

expectant

big or heavy with child

expecting informal

in the club Brit. slang

with child

2.

meaningful

charged

eloquent

expressive

loaded

pointed

significant

telling

weighty

preheat

[D.J.:ˌpri:ˈhi:t]

[K.K.:priˈhit]

vt.

预热

preheating

[ˈpri:hi:tiŋ]

v.

预热

preheat *

preheat preheats preheating preheated
If you preheat an oven, you switch it on and allow it to reach a certain temperature before you put food inside it.

- Preheat the oven to 400 degrees.

- Bake in the preheated oven for 25 minutes or until golden brown.

VB

prehistoric

[D.J.:ˌpri:hɪˈstɔ:rɪk, -ˈstɔr-]

[K.K.:ˌprihɪˈstɔrɪk, -ˈstɑr-]

adj.

史前的

prehistoric *

prehistoric
Prehistoric people and things existed at a time before information was written down.

- ...the famous prehistoric cave paintings of Lascaux.

ADJ

prehistoric

adjective

earliest

early

primeval

primitive

primordial

prehistory

[D.J.:ˌpri:ˈhistəri]

[K.K.:priˈhɪstəri]

n.

史前时期

prehistory

prehistory
Prehistory is the time in history before any information was written down.
N-UNCOUNT also pre-history .

pre-industrial

pre-industrial
Pre-industrial refers to the time before machines were introduced to produce goods on a large scale.

- ...the transition from pre-industrial to industrial society.

ADJ: ADJ n (AM) usually preindustrial
= post-industrial

prejudge

[D.J.:ˈpri:ˈdʒʌdʒ]

[K.K.:priˈdʒʌdʒ]

v.

预先判断

prejudge

prejudge prejudges prejudging prejudged
If you prejudge a situation, you form an opinion about it before you know all the facts. (FORMAL)

- They tried to prejudge the commission's findings.

VB

prejudge

verb

jump to conclusions

anticipate

presume

presuppose

prejudice

[D.J.:ˈpredʒudis]

[K.K.:ˈprɛdʒədɪs]

n.

成见, 偏见, 歧视

vt.

使有偏见

不利于, 损害

prejudiced

[D.J.:ˈpredʒʊdɪst]

[K.K.: ˈprɛdʒədɪst]

adj.

怀偏见的;有成见的

prejudice **

1. prejudice prejudices
Prejudice is an unreasonable dislike of a particular group of people or things, or a preference for a one group of people or things over another.

- There was a deep-rooted racial prejudice long before the two countries became rivals and went to war.

- There is widespread prejudice against workers over 45.

- He said he hoped the Swiss authorities would investigate the case thoroughly and without prejudice.

N-VAR: oft supp N, N against n
= discrimination bias

2. prejudice prejudices prejudicing prejudiced
If you prejudice someone or something, you influence them so that they are unfair in some way.

- I think your South American youth has prejudiced you.

- The report was held back for fear of prejudicing his trial.

- He claimed his case would be prejudiced if it became known he was refusing to answer questions.

VB

3. prejudice prejudices prejudicing prejudiced
If someone prejudices another person's situation, they do something which makes it worse than it should be. (FORMAL)

- Her study was not in any way intended to prejudice the future development of the college.

- They claim the council has prejudiced their health by failing to deal with asbestos.

VB
= damage harm

4. prejudice
If you take an action without prejudice to an existing situation, your action does not change or harm that situation. (FORMAL)

- I think we can say without prejudice to our position, let's get our arms around all the issues that'll be involved in autonomy.

PHR: PHR n

prejudiced *

prejudiced
A person who is prejudiced against someone has an unreasonable dislike of them. A person who is prejudiced in favour of someone has an unreasonable preference for them.

- Some landlords and landladies are racially prejudiced.

- I like to think I'm not prejudiced.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= biased

prejudice

noun

1.

bias

partiality

preconceived notion

preconception

prejudgment

2.

discrimination

bigotry

chauvinism

injustice

intolerance

narrow-mindedness

unfairness

verb

3.

bias

colour

distort

influence

poison

predispose

slant

4.

harm

damage

hinder

hurt

impair

injure

mar

spoil

undermine

prejudiced

adjective

biased

bigoted

influenced

intolerant

narrow-minded

one-sided

opinionated

unfair

prejudicial

[D.J.:ˌpredʒəˈdɪʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌprɛdʒəˈdɪʃəl]

adj.

引起偏见的;有损害的

prejudicially

adv.

prejudicial

prejudicial
If an action or situation is prejudicial to someone or something, it is harmful to them. (FORMAL)

- You could face up to eight years in jail for spreading rumours considered prejudicial to security.

- The judge agreed with the prosecution that such information would be too prejudicial for the jury to hear.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n

prejudicial

adjective

harmful

damaging

deleterious

detrimental

disadvantageous

hurtful

injurious

unfavourable

prelate

[D.J.:ˈprelit]

[K.K.:ˈprɛlɪt]

n.

高级教士

prelate

prelate prelates
A prelate is a member of the clergy holding a high rank, for example a bishop or an archbishop.
N-COUNT

preliminary

[D.J.:priˈliminəri]

[K.K.:prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri]

adj.

初步的, 预备的, 开端的

n.

准备工作, 初步行动

preliminary **

1. preliminary
Preliminary activities or discussions take place at the beginning of an event, often as a form of preparation.

- Preliminary results show the Republican party with 11 percent of the vote.

- Preliminary talks on the future of the bases began yesterday.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. preliminary preliminaries
A preliminary is something that you do at the beginning of an activity, often as a form of preparation.

- It had taken about ten minutes to cover the preliminaries.

- A background check is normally a preliminary to a presidential appointment.

N-COUNT: oft N to n/-ing

3. preliminary preliminaries
A preliminary is the first part of a competition to see who will go on to the main competition.

- The winner of each preliminary goes through to the final.

N-COUNT

preliminary

adjective

1.

first

initial

introductory

opening

pilot

prefatory

preparatory

prior

test

trial

noun

2.

introduction

beginning

opening

overture

preamble

preface

prelude

start

prelude

[D.J.:ˈprelˌju:d, ˈpreɪˌlu:d, ˈpri:-]

[K.K.:ˈprɛlˌjud, ˈpreˌlud, ˈpri-]

n.

开端, 序幕, 前奏

序曲

短篇作品

prelude *

1. prelude preludes
You can describe an event as a prelude to a more important event when it happens before it and acts as an introduction to it.

- The protests in Brasov in 1987 are today seen as the prelude to last year's uprising against Ceausescu.

- The conference, which closed yesterday, was a prelude to a Communist Party Central Committee meeting.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N to n

2. prelude preludes
A prelude is a short piece of music for the piano or organ.

- ...the famous E minor prelude of Chopin.

N-COUNT

prelude

noun

introduction

beginning

foreword

overture

preamble

preface

prologue

start

premarital

[D.J.:pri:ˈmærɪtl]

[K.K.:priˈmærɪtl..]

adj.

婚前的

premarital

premarital
Premarital means happening at some time before someone gets married.

- I rejected the teaching that premarital sex was immoral.

ADJ: ADJ n also pre-marital .

premature

[D.J.:ˌpreməˈtjuə]

[K.K.:ˌpriməˈtjʊr, -ˈtʊr, -ˈtʃʊr]

adj.

过早的, 提前的, 未到期的

早产的

prematurely

[D.J.:ˌpri:məˈtjʊəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌpriməˈtjʊrlɪ]

adv.

过早地;贸然地

premature **

1. premature
Something that is premature happens earlier than usual or earlier than people expect.

- Accidents are still the number one cause of premature death for Americans.

- His career was brought to a premature end by a succession of knee injuries.

- ...a twenty-four-year-old man who suffered from premature baldness.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. prematurely

- The war and the years in the harsh mountains had prematurely aged him.

- The heavy rain driving against the windows made the room prematurely dark.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. premature
You can say that something is premature when it happens too early and is therefore inappropriate.

- It now seems their optimism was premature.

- I think it's premature for restaurants to come out with that advice.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

4. prematurely

- Holmgren is careful not to celebrate prematurely.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

5. premature
A premature baby is one that was born before the date when it was expected to be born.

- Even very young premature babies respond to their mother's presence.

- When my daughter Emma was born she was two and a half months premature.

ADJ-GRADED

6. prematurely

- Danny was born prematurely, weighing only 3lb 3oz.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

premature

adjective

1.

early

forward

unseasonable

untimely

2.

hasty

ill-timed

overhasty

previous informal

rash

too soon

untimely

premeditated

[D.J.:pri:ˈmedɪˌteɪtɪd]

[K.K.:priˈmɛdɪˌtetɪd]

adj.

预谋的,预先策划的

premeditatedly

adv.

预谋地,预先策划地

premeditated

premeditated
A premeditated crime is planned or thought about before it is done.

- In a case of premeditated murder a life sentence is mandatory.

- The attack was premeditated and preplanned.

ADJ
= deliberate intentional ≠ spontaneous

premeditated

adjective

planned

calculated

conscious

considered

deliberate

intentional

wilful

premeditation

[D.J.:ˈpri:ˌmediˈteiʃn]

[K.K.:priˌmɛdɪˈteʃən]

n.

预谋,预先策划

premeditation

premeditation
Premeditation is thinking about something or planning it before you actually do it. (FORMAL)

- The judge finally concluded there was insufficient evidence of premeditation.

N-UNCOUNT

premeditation

noun

planning

design

forethought

intention

plotting

prearrangement

predetermination

purpose

premenstrual

[D.J.:pri:ˈmenstruəl]

[K.K.:priˈmɛnstruəl]

adj.

经期前的

premenstrual

premenstrual
Premenstrual is used to refer to the time immediately before menstruation and a woman's behaviour and feelings at this time.

- ...premenstrual symptoms.

ADJ: ADJ n

premenstrual syndrome

premenstrual syndrome
Premenstrual syndrome is used to refer to the problems, including strain and tiredness, that many women experience before menstruation.

- About 70% of women suffer from premenstrual syndrome.

N-UNCOUNT
= premenstrual tension PMT

premenstrual tension

premenstrual tension
Premenstrual tension is the same as premenstrual syndrome . (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT
= PMT

premier

[D.J.:ˈpremiə]

[K.K.:prɪˈmɪr, -ˈmjɪr, ˈprimɪr]

n.

总理, 首相

adj.

最好的, 最重要的

premier ***

1. premier premiers
The leader of the government of a country is sometimes referred to as the country's premier .

- ...Australian premier Paul Keating.

N-COUNT

2. premier
Premier is used to describe something that is considered to be the best or most important thing of a particular type.

- ...the country's premier opera company.

ADJ: ADJ n
= principal

premier

noun

1.

head of government

chancellor

chief minister

P.M.

prime minister

adjective

2.

chief

first

foremost

head

highest

leading

main

primary

prime

principal

premiere

[D.J.:prɪˈmɪə, -ˈmjeə]

[K.K.:prɪˈmɪr, -ˈmjɛr]

n.

(戏剧、电影等)首次公演

premiere **

1. premiere premieres
The premiere of a new play or film is the first public performance of it.

- A new Czechoslovak film has had its premiere at the Karlovy Vary film festival.

- ...a royal film premiere.

N-COUNT

2. premiere premieres premiering premiered
When a film or show premieres or is premiered , it is shown to an audience for the first time.

- The documentary premiered at the Jerusalem Film Festival.

- The opera is due to be premiered by ENO next year.

V-ERG

premiere

noun

first night

debut

opening

premiership

[ˈpremjəʃip,priˈmiəʃip]

n.

总理,首相的职位与任期

premiership *

premiership
The premiership of a leader of a government is the period of time during which they are the leader.

- ...the final years of Margaret Thatcher's premiership...

- So far, his premiership has been dominated by crisis-management.

N-SING

premise

[D.J.:ˈpremis]

[K.K.:ˈprɛmɪs]

n.

前提

(逻辑学中的)大[小]前提

premises

[D.J.:ˈpremɪsɪz]

[K.K.:ˈprɛmɪsɪz]

n.

(包括附属建筑、土地等在内的)房屋或其他建筑物

<律>(契约)前言，契据的缘起部分(记述财产的详情、当事人姓名等)

premise **

1. premise premises
The premises of a business or an institution are all the buildings and land that it occupies in one place.

- There is a kitchen on the premises.

- The business moved to premises in Brompton Road.

N-PLURAL: oft on the N

2. premise premises
A premise is something that you suppose is true and that you use as a basis for developing an idea. (FORMAL)

- The premise is that schools will work harder to improve if they must compete.

- The programme started from the premise that men and women are on equal terms in this society.

N-COUNT: oft N that The spelling premiss is also used in British English
= assumption hypothesis

premise

noun

assumption

argument

assertion

hypothesis

postulation

presupposition

proposition

supposition

premises

plural noun

building

establishment

place

property

site

premised

premised
If a theory or attitude is premised on an idea or belief, that idea or belief has been used as the basis for it. (FORMAL)

- All our activities are premised on the basis of `Quality with Equality'.

V-PASSIVE

premium

[D.J.:ˈpri:miəm]

[K.K.:ˈprimiəm]

n.

保险费

奖; 奖金

额外费用

premium ***

1. premium premiums
A premium is a sum of money that you pay regularly to an insurance company for an insurance policy.

- It is too early to say whether insurance premiums will be affected.

N-COUNT

2. premium premiums
A premium is a sum of money that you have to pay for something in addition to the normal cost.

- Even if customers want `solutions', most are not willing to pay a premium for them.

- Callers are charged a premium rate of 48p a minute.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N n

3. premium
Premium goods are of a higher than usual quality and are often expensive.

- At the premium end of the market, business is booming.

- ...the most popular premium ice cream in this country.

ADJ: ADJ n
= quality luxury

4. premium
If something is at a premium , it is wanted or needed, but is difficult to get or achieve.

- If space is at a premium, choose adaptable furniture that won't fill the room.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
= scarce

5. premium
If you buy or sell something at a premium , you buy or sell it at a higher price than usual, for example because it is in short supply.

- He eventually sold the shares back to the bank at a premium.

PHR: PHR after v

6. premium
If you place a high premium on a quality or characteristic or put a high premium on it, you regard it as very important.

- I place a high premium on what someone is like as a person.

- They put a high premium on prevention and primary care.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

premium

noun

1.

bonus

bounty

fee

perk Brit. informal

perquisite

prize

reward

at a premium

2.

in great demand

hard to come by

in short supply

rare

scarce

premium bond

premium bond premium bonds
In Britain, premium bonds are numbered tickets that are sold by the government. Each month, a computer selects several numbers, and the people whose tickets have those numbers win money.
N-COUNT

premonition

[D.J.:ˌpri:məˈnɪʃən, ˌpremə-]

[K.K.:ˌpriməˈnɪʃən, ˌprɛmə-]

n.

预感;预兆

premonition *

premonition premonitions
If you have a premonition , you have a feeling that something is going to happen, often something unpleasant.

- He had an unshakable premonition that he would die.

- ...a real, genuine premonition of bad news.

N-COUNT

premonition

noun

feeling

foreboding

hunch

idea

intuition

presentiment

suspicion

prenatal

[D.J.:pri:ˈneɪtl]

[K.K.:priˈnetl..]

adj.

出生前的,胎儿期的

prenatal

prenatal
Prenatal is used to describe things relating to the medical care of women during pregnancy.

- I'd met her briefly in a prenatal class.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= antenatal ≠ postnatal

preoccupation

[D.J.:pri:ˌɔkjəˈpeɪʃən]

[K.K.:priˌɑkjəˈpeʃən]

n.

全神贯注,入神

当务之急;使人全神贯注的事物

preoccupation *

1. preoccupation preoccupations
If you have a preoccupation with something or someone, you keep thinking about them because they are important to you.

- Karouzos's poetry shows a profound preoccupation with the Orthodox Church.

- In his preoccupation with Robyn, Crook had neglected everything.

N-COUNT: oft N with n

2. preoccupation
Preoccupation is a state of mind in which you think about something so much that you do not consider other things to be important.

- It was hard for him to be aware of her; he kept sinking back into black preoccupation.

N-UNCOUNT
= obsession

preoccupation

noun

1.

obsession

bee in one's bonnet

fixation

2.

absorption

absent-mindedness

abstraction

daydreaming

engrossment

immersion

reverie

woolgathering

preoccupied

[D.J.:pri:ˈɔkjəˌpaɪd]

[K.K.:priˈɑkjəˌpaɪd]

adj.

全神贯注的;入神的

被抢先占有的

preoccupy

[D.J.:priˈɔkjupai]

[K.K.:priˈɑkjəˌpaɪ]

vt.

占据(某人)思想; 使对…全神贯注, 使专心于

preoccupied *

preoccupied
If you are preoccupied , you are thinking a lot about something or someone, and so you hardly notice other things.

- Tom Banbury was preoccupied with the missing Shepherd child and did not want to devote time to the new murder.

- She looked very preoccupied.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with/by n

preoccupy

preoccupy preoccupies preoccupying preoccupied
If something is preoccupying you, you are thinking about it a lot.

- Crime and the fear of crime preoccupy the community.

- ...the particular issues, problems and theories that preoccupied him.

VB

preoccupied

adjective

absorbed

absent-minded

distracted

engrossed

immersed

lost in

oblivious

rapt

wrapped up

preordained

preordained
If you say that something is preordained , you mean you believe it to be happening in the way that has been decided by a power such as God or fate. (FORMAL)

- ...the belief that our actions are the unfolding of a preordained destiny.

ADJ
= predestined

prep

[D.J.:prep]

[K.K.:prɛp]

n.

家庭作业(=preparation)

vi.

进预备学校

做家庭作业

vt.

使(某人)做好进行手术〔考试〕的准备

adj.

预备的

prep.

介词

prepping

[ˈprepiŋ]

n.

〈美口〉运动前的练习

prep *

1. prep preps prepping prepped
If you prep something, you prepare it. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- After prepping the boat, they sailed it down to Carloforte.

VB

2. prep preps prepping prepped
If a doctor or nurse preps a patient, they get them ready for surgery or another procedure. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- I was already prepped for surgery so I went straight into theatre.

VB

3. prep
In some British private schools, prep is the name given to school work that children do in the evening after school has finished. (BRIT)

- Anne struggled to help Peter and Zara with their prep.

N-UNCOUNT
= homework

pre-packaged

pre-packaged
Pre-packaged foods have been prepared in advance and put in plastic or cardboard containers to be sold.

- ...pre-packaged duck and orange sauce.

ADJ also prepackaged .

pre-packed

pre-packed
Pre-packed goods are packed or wrapped before they are sent to the shop where they are sold.

- ...pre-packed bacon.

ADJ also prepacked .

prepaid

[ˈpri:ˈpeid]

adj.

预付款的; 资费已付的

prepaid

prepaid
Prepaid items are paid for in advance, before the time when you would normally pay for them.

- Return the enclosed Donation Form today in the prepaid envelope provided.

- ...prepaid funerals.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also pre-paid .

preparation

[D.J.:ˌprepəˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌprɛpəˈreʃən]

n.

准备, 预备

安排, 筹备

配制剂

preparation ***

1. preparation
Preparation is the process of getting something ready for use or for a particular purpose or making arrangements for something.

- Rub the surface of the wood in preparation for the varnish.

- Few things distracted the Pastor from the preparation of his weekly sermons.

- Behind any successful event lay months of preparation.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N for/of n

2. preparation preparations
Preparations are all the arrangements that are made for a future event.

- The United States is making preparations for a large-scale airlift of 1,200 American citizens.

- Final preparations are under way for celebrations to mark German unification.

N-PLURAL

3. preparation preparations
A preparation is a mixture that has been prepared for use as food, medicine, or a cosmetic.

- ...anti-ageing creams and sensitive-skin preparations.

N-COUNT

preparation

noun

1.

groundwork

getting ready

preparing

often plural 2.

arrangement

measure

plan

provision

3.

mixture

compound

concoction

medicine

preparatory

[D.J.:prɪˈpærəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:, -ˈpeər-, ˈprepərə-]

[K.K.:prɪˈpærəˌtɔri, -ˌtori, -ˈpɛr-, ˈprɛpərə-]

adj.

预备的, 准备的

preparatory *

1. preparatory
Preparatory actions are done before doing something else as a form of preparation or as an introduction.

- At least a year's preparatory work will be necessary before building can start.

- ...preparatory talks for this week's summit in the Maldive Islands.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= preliminary

2. preparatory
If one action is done preparatory to another, it is done before the other action, usually as preparation for it. (FORMAL)

- Sloan cleared his throat preparatory to speaking.

- She lit the oven, preparatory to putting the pie into it.

PHR-PREP

preparatory

adjective

introductory

opening

prefatory

preliminary

primary

preparatory school

preparatory school preparatory schools
A preparatory school is the same as a prep school . (BRIT)
N-VAR

prepare

[D.J.:priˈpɛə]

[K.K.:prɪˈpɛr]

vt.

准备

vt. & vi.

筹备, 进行各项准备工作

做好思想准备

prepared

[D.J.:prɪˈpeəd]

[K.K.:prɪˈpɛrd]

adj.

事先准备好的

愿意的

期望的

preparedly

adv.

事先准备好地

愿意地

期望地

preparing

[priˈpɛəriŋ]

adj.

准备的,预备的

prepare ****

1. prepare prepares preparing prepared
If you prepare something, you make it ready for something that is going to happen.

- Two technicians were preparing a videotape recording of last week's programme.

- On average each report requires 1,000 hours to prepare.

- The crew of the Iowa has been preparing the ship for storage.

VB

2. prepare prepares preparing prepared
If you prepare for an event or action that will happen soon, you get yourself ready for it or make the necessary arrangements.

- The Party leadership is using management consultants to help prepare for the next election.

- President Castro has warned Cubans to prepare for a profound economic emergency.

- He had to go back to his hotel and prepare to catch a train for New York.

- His doctor had told him to prepare himself for surgery.

VB
= get

3. prepare prepares preparing prepared
When you prepare food, you get it ready to be eaten, for example by cooking it.

- She made her way to the kitchen, hoping to find someone preparing dinner.

- The best way of preparing the nuts is to rehydrate them by soaking overnight.

VB

prepared ****

1. prepared
If you are prepared to do something, you are willing to do it if necessary.

- Are you prepared to take industrial action?.

- Members of the KGB service were only prepared to take orders from the President.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to-inf
= willing

2. prepared
If you are prepared for something that you think is going to happen, you are ready for it.

- Police are prepared for large numbers of demonstrators.

- I'm well prepared for a 12-round fight.

ADJ: v-link ADJ for n
≠ unprepared

3. prepared
You can describe something as prepared when it has been done or made beforehand, so that it is ready when it is needed.

- He ended his prepared statement by thanking the police.

ADJ: ADJ n

prepare

verb

make or get ready

adapt

adjust

arrange

practise

prime

train

warm up

prepared

adjective

1.

ready

arranged

in order

in readiness

primed

set

2.

willing

disposed

inclined

preparedness

[D.J.:priˈpɛədnis,priˈpɛəridnis]

[K.K.:prɪˈpɛrɪdnɪs]

n.

有准备,已准备

preparedness

preparedness
Preparedness is the state of being ready for something to happen, especially for war or a disaster. (FORMAL)

- The situation in the capital forced them to maintain military preparedness.

- ...red alert, the maximum state of preparedness.

N-UNCOUNT
= readiness

preponderance

[D.J.:prɪˈpɔndərəns]

[K.K.:prɪˈpɑndərəns]

n.

数量上的优势

preponderance

preponderance
If there is a preponderance of one type of person or thing in a group, there is more of that type than of any other.

- ...a preponderance of bright, middle-class children in one group.

- ...Bath, with its preponderance of small businesses.

N-SING: usu N of n

preponderance

noun

predominance

dominance

domination

extensiveness

greater numbers

greater part

lion's share

mass

prevalence

supremacy

preposition

[D.J.:ˌprepəˈziʃən]

[K.K.:ˌprɛpəˈzɪʃən]

n.

介词

preposition

preposition prepositions
A preposition is a word such as `by', `for', `into', or `with' which usually has a noun group as its object.

- There is nothing in the rules of grammar to suggest that ending a sentence with a preposition is wrong.

N-COUNT

prepositional phrase

prepositional phrase prepositional phrases
A prepositional phrase is a structure consisting of a preposition and its object. Examples are `on the table' and `by the sea'.
N-COUNT

preposterous

[D.J.:prɪˈpɔstərəs]

[K.K.:prɪˈpɑstərəs]

adj.

反常的,荒谬的;荒谬可笑的

preposterously

adv.

反常地,荒谬地;荒谬可笑地

preposterously

adv.

不合理地,荒谬地

preposterous *

1. preposterous
If you describe something as preposterous , you mean that it is extremely unreasonable and foolish.

- The whole idea was preposterous.

- ...their preposterous claim that they had unearthed a plot.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= absurd ludicrous

2. preposterously

- Some prices are preposterously high.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/adv

preposterous

adjective

ridiculous

absurd

crazy

incredible

insane

laughable

ludicrous

nonsensical

out of the question

outrageous

unthinkable

preppy

[D.J.:ˈprepi]

[K.K.:ˈprɛpi]

Ⅰn.

①预备学校学生[毕业生]②(尤指在衣着、举止等方面)像预备学校学生的人

Ⅱadj.

预备学校学生的

preppy

1. preppy preppies
Preppies are young people, especially in America, who have often been to an expensive private school and who are conventional and conservative in their attitudes, behaviour, and style of dress. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

2. preppy
If you describe someone or their clothes, attitudes, or behaviour as preppy , you mean that they are like a preppy. (mainly AM)

- I couldn't believe how straight-looking he was, how preppy.

- ...a preppy collar and tie.

ADJ-GRADED

pre-prandial

pre-prandial
You use pre-prandial to refer to things you do or have before a meal. (FORMAL)

- The elegant Palm Terrace Lounge is perfect for cocktails or pre-prandial drinks.

ADJ: ADJ n also preprandial .
≠ post-prandial

prep school *

1. prep school prep schools
In Britain, a prep school is a private school where children are educated until the age of 11 or 13.
N-VAR: oft prep N

2. prep school prep schools
In the United States, a prep school is a private school for students who intend to go to college after they leave.

- ...an exclusive prep school in Washington.

N-VAR

prepubescent

[D.J.:ˌpri:pju:ˈbesənt]

[K.K.:ˌpripjuˈbɛsənt]

Ⅰadj.

青春期前的

Ⅱn.

青春期前的青少年

prepubescent

prepubescent
Prepubescent means relating to the time just before someone's body becomes physically mature. (FORMAL)

- Prepubescent boys and girls look very similar in terms of size and the amount of muscle and fat that they carry.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

prequel

[D.J.:ˈpri:kwəl]

[K.K.:ˈprikwəl]

n.

(据已问世文艺作品的情节凭想象上溯创作的)先行篇,前篇

prequel

prequel prequels
A prequel is a film that is made about an earlier stage of a story or a character's life when the later part of it has already been made into a successful film.

- ...`Fire Walk With Me', David Lynch's prequel to the TV series `Twin Peaks'.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

Pre-Raphaelite

1. Pre-Raphaelite Pre-Raphaelites
The Pre-Raphaelites were a group of British painters in the nineteenth century who painted mainly scenes from medieval history and old stories.
N-COUNT

2. Pre-Raphaelite
Pre-Raphaelite art was created by the Pre-Raphaelites.

- ...a number of pre-Raphaelite murals designed by Dante Gabriel Rossetti in 1857.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. Pre-Raphaelite
If you say that a woman looks Pre-Raphaelite , you mean that she looks like a character in a Pre-Raphaelite painting, for example because she has long wavy hair.
ADJ

pre-recorded

adj.

(指磁带)已录影的，已录音的

pre-recorded

pre-recorded
Something that is pre-recorded has been recorded in advance so that it can be broadcast or played later.

- ...a pre-recorded interview.

ADJ also prerecorded .

prerequisite

[D.J.:pri:ˈrekwɪzɪt]

[K.K.:priˈrɛkwɪzɪt]

n.

先决条件,前提

prerequisite *

prerequisite prerequisites
If one thing is a prerequisite for another, it must happen or exist before the other thing is possible.

- Good self-esteem is a prerequisite for a happy life.

- Party membership was an essential prerequisite of a successful career.

N-COUNT: N for/of n
= precondition

prerequisite

noun

1.

requirement

condition

essential

must

necessity

precondition

qualification

requisite

sine qua non

adjective

2.

required

essential

indispensable

mandatory

necessary

obligatory

requisite

vital

prerogative

[D.J.:prɪˈrɔgətɪv]

[K.K.:prɪˈrɑɡətɪv]

n.

权利,特权

prerogative court

<英史>大主教法庭

<美史>总督委任组成的法庭

prerogative *

prerogative prerogatives
If something is the prerogative of a particular person or group, it is a privilege or a power that only they have. (FORMAL)

- Constitutional changes are exclusively the prerogative of the parliament.

- It is your prerogative to stop seeing that particular therapist and find another one.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

prerogative

noun

right

advantage

due

exemption

immunity

liberty

privilege

presage

[D.J.:ˈpresɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈprɛsɪdʒ]

vt.

预示,预兆

n.

预示,预兆,预感

presage

presage presages presaging presaged
If something presages a situation or event, it is considered to be a warning or sign of what is about to happen. (FORMAL)

- ...the dawn's loud chorus that seemed to presage a bright hot summer's day.

VB

presage

verb

portend

augur

betoken

bode

foreshadow

foretoken

signify

Presbyterian

[D.J.:ˌprezbɪˈtɪəri:ən, ˌpres-]

[K.K.:ˌprɛzbɪˈtɪriən, ˌprɛs-]

n.

<宗>长老会教徒,长老会

adj.

长老会教徒的,长老会的

Presbyterianism

n.

长老制,长老派;长老会教义

Presbyterianism

[ˌprezbiˈtiəriənizəm,ˌpres-]

n.

长老会制,长老派主义

Presbyterian *

1. Presbyterian
Presbyterian means belonging or relating to a Protestant church, found especially in Scotland or the United States, which is governed by a body of official people all of equal rank.

- ...a Presbyterian minister.

- ...long Presbyterian sermons.

ADJ

2. Presbyterian Presbyterians
A Presbyterian is a member of the Presbyterian church.
N-COUNT

presbytery

[D.J.:ˈprezbitəri]

[K.K.:ˈprɛzbɪˌtɛri, ˈprɛs-]

n.

长老会,长老会辖区,内殿

presbytery

presbytery presbyteries
A presbytery is the house in which a Roman Catholic priest lives.
N-COUNT

pre-school

[D.J.:ˈpri:sku:l]

[K.K.:ˈpriˈskul]

adj.

学龄前的；入学前的

pre-school

1. pre-school
Pre-school is used to describe things relating to the care and education of children before they reach the age when they have to go to school. (WRITTEN)

- Looking after pre-school children is very tiring.

- The Halsey Report emphasized the value of a pre-school education.

ADJ: ADJ n The spelling preschool is also used.

2. pre-school pre-schools
In the United States, a pre-school is a school for children between the ages of 2 and 5 or 6.

- Children graduate to the kindergarten, then pre-school, and then school.

N-VAR The spelling preschool is also used.

preschooler

[D.J.:ˈpri:ˌsku:lə]

[K.K.:ˈpriˌskulɚ]

学龄前儿童

preschoolers

学龄前儿童

preschooler

preschooler preschoolers
Children who are no longer babies but are not yet old enough to go to school are sometimes referred to as preschoolers . (WRITTEN)

- ...preschoolers and toddlers.

N-COUNT: usu pl also pre-schooler .

prescience

[D.J.:ˈpri:ʃi:əns, -ʃəns, ˈpreʃi:əns, ˈpreʃəns]

[K.K.:ˈpriʃiəns, -ʃəns, ˈprɛʃiəns, ˈprɛʃəns]

n.

预知;先见

prescient

[D.J.:ˈpri:ʃi:ənt, -ʃənt, ˈpreʃi:ənt, ˈpreʃənt]

[K.K.:ˈpriʃiənt, -ʃənt, ˈprɛʃiənt, ˈprɛʃənt]

adj.

有预知能力的,有先见之明的

prescience

n.

prescient

1. prescient
If you say that someone or something was prescient , you mean that they were able to know or predict what was going to happen in the future. (FORMAL)

- ...`Bob Roberts', an eerily prescient comedy about a populist multimillionaire political candidate.

ADJ-GRADED
= prophetic

2. prescience

- Over the years he's demonstrated a certain prescience in foreign affairs.

N-UNCOUNT

prescience

noun

foresight

clairvoyance

foreknowledge

precognition

second sight

prescribe

[D.J.:priˈskraib]

[K.K.:prɪˈskraɪb]

vt. & vi.

开药方; 指示

规定, 指定遵守

prescribed

[D.J.:prɪˈskraɪbd]

[K.K.:prɪˈskraɪbd]

adj.

规定的，法定的

prescribe **

1. prescribe prescribes prescribing prescribed
If a doctor prescribes medicine or treatment for you, he or she tells you what medicine or treatment to have.

- Our doctor diagnosed a throat infection and prescribed antibiotic and junior aspirin.

- She took twice the prescribed dose of sleeping tablets.

- The law allows doctors to prescribe contraception to the under 16s.

VB

2. prescribe prescribes prescribing prescribed
If a person or set of laws or rules prescribes an action or duty, they state that it must be carried out. (FORMAL)

- ...article II of the constitution, which prescribes the method of electing a president...

- Alliott told Singleton he was passing the sentence prescribed by law.

VB

prescribe

verb

order

decree

dictate

direct

lay down

ordain

recommend

rule

set

specify

stipulate

prescription

[D.J.:prisˈkripʃən]

[K.K.:prɪˈskrɪpʃən]

n.

药, 治疗方法

处方, 药方

开处方, 开药

prescription **

1. prescription prescriptions
A prescription is the piece of paper on which your doctor writes an order for medicine and which you give to a chemist or pharmacist to get the medicine.

- You will have to take your prescription to a chemist.

N-COUNT

2. prescription prescriptions
If a medicine is available on prescription , you can only get it from a chemist or pharmacist if a doctor gives you a prescription for it.

- I'm not sleeping even with the prescription Ackerman gave me.

- The drug is available on prescription only.

PHR: usu PHR after v
≠ over the counter

3. prescription prescriptions
A prescription is a proposal or a plan which gives ideas about how to solve a problem or improve a situation.

- There's not much difference in the economic prescriptions of Ireland's two main political parties.

N-COUNT

prescription

noun

1.

instruction

direction

formula

recipe

2.

medicine

drug

mixture

preparation

remedy

prescriptive

[D.J.:priˈskriptiv]

[K.K.:prɪˈskrɪptɪv]

adj.

规定的, 指定的, 制定(规则)的

约定俗成的, 惯例的

prescriptive

prescriptive
A prescriptive approach to something involves telling people what they should do, rather than simply giving suggestions or describing what is done. (FORMAL)

- ...prescriptive attitudes to language on the part of teachers...

- The psychologists insist, however, that they are not being prescriptive.

ADJ-GRADED

presence

[D.J.:ˈprezəns]

[K.K.:ˈprɛzəns]

n.

出席, 到场, 存在

仪表, 仪态

presence ****

1. presence
Someone's presence in a place is the fact that they are there.

- They argued that his presence in the village could only stir up trouble.

- Her Majesty later honoured the Headmaster with her presence at lunch.

N-SING: with poss
≠ absence

2. presence
If you say that someone has presence , you mean that they impress people by their appearance and manner.

- They do not seem to have the vast, authoritative presence of those great men.

- Hendrix's stage presence appealed to thousands of teenage rebels.

N-UNCOUNT: oft supp N

3. presence presences
A presence is a person or creature that you cannot see, but that you are aware of. (LITERARY)

- The forest was dark and silent, haunted by shadows and unseen presences.

- She started to be affected by the ghostly presence she could feel in the house.

N-COUNT

4. presence
If a country has a military presence in another country, it has some of its armed forces there.

- The Philippine government wants the US to maintain a military presence in Southeast Asia.

N-SING: usu supp N

5. presence
If you refer to the presence of a substance in another thing, you mean that it is in that thing.

- The somewhat acid flavour is caused by the presence of lactic acid.

- ...the presence of a carcinogen in the water...

- Although the fluid presents no symptoms to the patient, its presence can be detected by a test.

N-UNCOUNT: with poss
≠ absence

6. presence
If you make your presence felt , you do something which makes people notice you or pay attention to you.

- Rather than politely lobbying politicians, Gay Dignity will be making its presence felt through demonstrations.

PHR: make inflects

7. presence
If you are in someone's presence , you are in the same place as that person, and are close enough to them to be seen or heard.

- The talks took place in the presence of a diplomatic observer.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

8. presence
If you say that someone had the presence of mind to do something, you approve of them because they were able to think and act calmly in a difficult situation.

- He had the presence of mind to put his emergency oxygen tube in his mouth.

PHR: usu PHR after v approval

presence

noun

1.

being

attendance

existence

inhabitance

occupancy

residence

2.

personality

air

appearance

aspect

aura

bearing

carriage

demeanour

poise

self-assurance

present

[D.J.:ˈprezənt]

[K.K.:ˈprɛznt]

adj.

出席的, 到场的

现在的, 目前的

存在的, 含有的

正在处理或讨论中的

n.

现在; 目前

礼物, 赠品

[priˈzent]

vt.

出现; 出席; 显示

介绍

赠与; 交给

presentation

[D.J.:ˌprezənˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌprɛzənˈteʃən, ˌprizən-]

n.

提供, 显示

外观

授予(物), 赠送(仪式)

报告

表演

present 1 existing or happening now ****

1. present
You use present to describe things and people that exist now, rather than those that existed in the past or those that may exist in the future.

- He has brought much of the present crisis on himself.

- ...the government's present economic difficulties...

- It has been skilfully renovated by the present owners.

- No statement can be made at the present time.

ADJ: ADJ n
= current

2. present
The present is the period of time that we are in now and the things that are happening now.

- ...his struggle to reconcile the past with the present.

- ...continuing right up to the present...

- Then her thoughts would switch to the present.

N-SING: the N

3. present
In grammar, the present tenses of a verb are the ones that are used to talk about things that happen regularly or situations that exist at this time. The simple present tense uses the base form or the `s' form of a verb, as in `I play tennis twice a week' and `He works in a bank'.
ADJ: ADJ n

4. present
A situation that exists at present exists now, although it may change.

- There is no way at present of predicting which individuals will develop the disease.

- At present children under 14 are not permitted in bars.

PHR: PHR with cl/group
= at the moment

5. present
The present day is the period of history that we are in now.

- ...Western European art from the period of Giotto to the present day.

- ...monastic music of the present day.

PHR: prep PHR
= today

6. present
Something that exists or will be done for the present exists now or will continue for a while, although the situation may change later.

- The ministers had expressed the unanimous view that sanctions should remain in place for the present.

PHR: PHR with cl
= for the time being

7. present
If you say ` There's no time like the present ', you are suggesting to someone that they should do something now, not later.

- Don't wait until New Year to resolve to organise your life. There's no time like the present.

PHR

present 2 being somewhere ****

1. present
If someone is present at an event, they are there.

- The president was not present at the meeting.

- Nearly 85 per cent of men are present at the birth of their children.

- The whole family was present.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ at n
≠ absent

2. present
If something, especially a substance or disease, is present in something else, it exists within that thing.

- This special form of vitamin D is naturally present in breast milk.

- One theory is that the infection has been present in humans for a very long time.

- If the gene is present, a human embryo will go on to develop as a male.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ in n
≠ absent

present 3 gift **

present presents
A present is something that you give to someone, for example at Christmas or when you visit them.

- The carpet was a wedding present from the Prime Minister.

- I bought a birthday present for my mother.

- This book would make a great Christmas present.

N-COUNT
= gift

present 4 verb uses ****

1. present presents presenting presented
If you present someone with something such as a prize or document, or if you present it to them, you formally give it to them.

- The mayor presented him with a gold medal at an official city reception.

- Prince Michael of Kent presented the prizes.

- The group intended to present this petition to the parliament.

VB

2. presentation

- Then came the presentation of the awards by the Queen Mother.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. present presents presenting presented
If something presents a difficulty, challenge, or opportunity, it causes it or provides it.

- This presents a problem for many financial consumers.

- The future is going to be one that presents many challenges.

- This summer school presents an opportunity to experience all aspects of dance.

- Public policy on the family presents liberals with a dilemma.

VB

4. present presents presenting presented
If an opportunity or problem presents itself, it occurs, often when you do not expect it.

- Their colleagues insulted them whenever the opportunity presented itself.

- A further obstacle has presented itself, however.

VB

5. present presents presenting presented
When you present information, you give it to people in a formal way.

- We spend the time collating and presenting the information in a variety of chart forms.

- We presented three options to the unions for discussion.

- In effect, Parsons presents us with a beguilingly simple outline of social evolution.

VB

6. presentation presentations

- ...in his first presentation of the theory to the Berlin Academy.

- ...a fair presentation of the facts to a jury...

- No amount of slick presentation can disguise the gap between what the government promised and what it has delivered.

N-VAR: oft N of n

7. present presents presenting presented
If you present someone or something in a particular way, you describe them in that way.

- The government has presented these changes as major reforms.

- The British like to present themselves as a nation of dog-lovers.

- In Europe, Aga Khan III presented himself in a completely different light.

VB

8. present presents presenting presented
The way you present yourself is the way you speak and act when meeting new people.

- ...all those tricks which would help him to present himself in a more confident way in public.

VB

9. present presents presenting presented
If someone or something presents a particular appearance or image, that is how they appear or try to appear.

- The small group of onlookers presented a pathetic sight.

- But some feel in presenting a more professional image the party risks losing its radical edge and its individuality.

- ...presenting a calm and dignified face to the world at large.

VB

10. present presents presenting presented
If you present yourself somewhere, you officially arrive there, for example for an appointment.

- She was told to present herself at the Town Hall at 11.30 for the induction ceremony.

- We presented ourselves to the authorities promptly.

VB

11. present presents presenting presented
If someone presents a programme on television or radio, they introduce each item in it. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use host or introduce )

- She presents a monthly magazine programme on the BBC.

VB

12. present presents presenting presented
When someone presents something such as a production of a play or an exhibition, they organize it.

- The Lyric Theatre is presenting a new production of `Over the Bridge'.

VB

13. present presents presenting presented
If you present someone to someone else, often an important person, you formally introduce them.

- Fox stepped forward, welcomed him in Malay, and presented him to Jack.

- Allow me to present my wife's cousin, Mr Zachary Colenso.

VB
= introduce

presentation **

1. presentation
Presentation is the appearance of something, which someone has worked to create.

- We serve traditional French food cooked in a lighter way, keeping the presentation simple.

- Check the presentation. Get it properly laid out with a title page.

N-UNCOUNT

2. presentation presentations
A presentation is a formal event at which someone is given a prize or award.

- ...after receiving his award at a presentation in London yesterday.

- ...at the presentation ceremony.

N-COUNT

3. presentation presentations
When someone gives a presentation , they give a formal talk, often in order to sell something or get support for a proposal.

- James Watson, Philip Mayo and I gave a slide and video presentation.

- I always ask how much time I have to make my presentation.

- ...a business presentation.

N-COUNT

4. presentation presentations
A presentation is something that is performed in front of an audience, for example a play or a ballet. (FORMAL)

- ...Blackpool Opera House's presentation of Buddy, the musical.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= production

present

adjective

1.

here

at hand

near

nearby

ready

there

2.

current

contemporary

existent

existing

immediate

present-day

noun

the present

3.

now

here and now

the present moment

the time being

today

at present

4.

just now

at the moment

now

right now

for the present

5.

for now

for the moment

for the time being

in the meantime

temporarily

present

noun

1.

gift

boon

donation

endowment

grant

gratuity

hand-out

offering

prezzie informal

verb

2.

introduce

acquaint with

make known

3.

put on

display

exhibit

give

show

stage

4.

give

award

bestow

confer

grant

hand out

hand over

presentation

noun

1.

giving

award

bestowal

conferral

donation

offering

2.

production

demonstration

display

exhibition

performance

show

presentable

[D.J.:prɪˈzentəbəl]

[K.K.:prɪˈzɛntəbəl]

adj.

拿得出的;像样的;中看的;中听的

presentable

1. presentable
If you say that someone looks presentable , you mean that they look fairly tidy or attractive.

- She managed to make herself presentable in time for work.

- ...wearing his most presentable suit.

ADJ-GRADED
= respectable

2. presentable
If you describe something as presentable , you mean that it is acceptable or quite good. (mainly BRIT)

- His score of 29 had helped Leicestershire reach a presentable total.

- Sometimes when I performed in New Zealand, I was doing a very presentable job.

ADJ-GRADED
= respectable

presentable

adjective

decent

acceptable

becoming

fit to be seen

O.K. or okay informal

passable

respectable

satisfactory

suitable

present-day

[D.J.:ˈprezəntˈdeɪ]

[K.K.:ˈprɛzəntˈde]

adj.

现在的

present-day *

present-day
Present-day things, situations, and people exist at the time in history we are now in.

- Even by present-day standards these were large aircraft.

- ...a huge area of northern India, stretching from present-day Afghanistan to Bengal.

- ...present-day champions of the cause.

ADJ: ADJ n also present day .

presenter

[D.J.:prɪˈzentə]

n.

节目主持人,演播员

presenter **

presenter presenters
A radio or television presenter is a person who introduces the items in a particular programme. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use host or anchorman or anchorwoman )

- ...the television presenter Esther Rantzen...

- Marcel Berlins is the presenter of the BBC radio programme Law in Action.

N-COUNT

presentiment

[D.J.:priˈzentimənt]

[K.K.:prɪˈzɛntəmənt]

n.

(对不祥事物的)预感

presentiment

presentiment presentiments
A presentiment is a feeling that a particular event, for example someone's death, will soon take place. (FORMAL)

- I had a presentiment that he represented a danger to me.

- He had a presentiment of disaster.

N-COUNT: usu N that, N of n

presently

[D.J.:ˈprezəntli]

[K.K.:ˈprɛzəntli]

adv.

不久, 一会儿

现在, 目前

presently *

1. presently
If you say that something is presently happening, you mean that it is happening now.

- She is presently developing a number of projects.

- The island is presently uninhabited.

- He is presently the medical director for the Fellowship of World Christians.

ADV: ADV before v, ADV group
= at present currently

2. presently
You use presently to indicate that something happened quite a short time after the time or event that you have just mentioned. (WRITTEN)

- He was shown to a small office. Presently, a young woman in a white coat came in.

- `You're not looking too well, Thomas,' he said presently.

ADV: ADV with cl

3. presently
If you say that something will happen presently , you mean that it will happen quite soon. (FORMAL)

- `Who's Agnes?' --- `You'll be meeting her presently.'.

- `Just take it easy,' David said. `You'll feel better presently.'

ADV: ADV after v
= shortly

presently

adverb

soon

anon archaic

before long

by and by

shortly

present participle

present participle present participles
In grammar, the present participle of a verb is the form which ends in `-ing'. Present participles are used to form continuous tenses, as in `She was wearing a neat blue suit'. They are often nouns, as in `I hate cooking' and `Cooking can be fun'. Many of them can be used like an adjective in front of a noun, as in `their smiling faces'.
N-COUNT

present perfect

present perfect
In grammar, the present perfect tenses of a verb are the ones used to talk about things which happened before the time you are speaking or writing but are relevant to the present situation, or things that began in the past and are still happening. The simple present perfect tense uses `have' or `has' and the past participle of the verb, as in `They have decided what to do'.
ADJ: ADJ n

preservationist

[D.J.:ˌprezəˈveiʃənist]

[K.K.:ˌprɛzɚˈveʃənɪst]

n.

(对野生动物、自然区、古迹和传统事物等的)保护主义者

preservationist

preservationist preservationists
A preservationist is someone who takes action to preserve something such as old buildings or an area of countryside.

- The house fell into disrepair but a group of preservationists have reconstructed the roofs.

N-COUNT

preservation order

preservation order preservation orders
In Britain, a preservation order is an official order that makes it illegal for anyone to alter or destroy something such as an old building or an area of countryside.

- The entire city is under a preservation order.

- ...a tree preservation order.

N-COUNT

preservative

[D.J.:prɪˈzɜ:vətɪv]

[K.K.:prɪˈzə..vətɪv]

n.

防腐剂

preservative *

preservative preservatives
A preservative is a chemical that prevents things from decaying. Some preservatives are added to food, and others are used to treat wood or metal.

- Nitrates are used as preservatives in food manufacture.

- Though the panels come pre-treated, they needed a final sealing with two coats of preservative.

N-MASS

preservation

[D.J.:ˌprezəˈveiʃən]

n.

保存, 保藏, 储藏, 保持

preserve

[D.J.:priˈzə:v]

[K.K.:prɪˈzɚv]

vt.

保护

维持

preserved

豆豉

preserving

保存,保留

preserve ***

1. preserve preserves preserving preserved
If you preserve a situation or condition, you make sure that it remains as it is, and does not change or end.

- We will do everything to preserve peace.

- The meeting will be about squeezing in more students while preserving standards.

VB
= maintain

2. preservation

- ...the preservation of the status quo.

N-UNCOUNT
= maintenance

3. preserve preserves preserving preserved
If you preserve something, you take action to save it or protect it from damage or decay.

- We need to preserve the forest.

- Conservation is an issue which gets a lot of attention these days-whether it means preserving old buildings, or protecting the environment.

- ...perfectly preserved medieval houses.

VB
= conserve ≠ destroy

4. preservation

- ...the preservation of buildings of architectural or historic interest.

N-UNCOUNT

5. preserve preserves preserving preserved
If you preserve food, you treat it in order to prevent it from decaying so that you can store it for a long time.

- I like to make puree, using only enough sugar to preserve the plums.

- ...preserved ginger in syrup.

VB

6. preserve preserves
Preserves are foods such as jam that are made by cooking fruit with a large amount of sugar so that they can be stored for a long time.
N-PLURAL

7. preserve preserves
If you say that a job or activity is the preserve of a particular person or group of people, you mean that they are the only ones who take part in it.

- The making and conduct of foreign policy is largely the preserve of the president.

- With the menfolk away at war, women got their first crack at the male preserves of employment and sport.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= domain

8. preserve preserves
A nature preserve is an area of land or water where animals are protected from hunters. (AM)

- ...Pantanal, one of the world's great wildlife preserves.

N-COUNT: usu supp N
= reserve

preservation

noun

protection

conservation

maintenance

safeguarding

safekeeping

safety

salvation

support

preserve

verb

1.

save

care for

conserve

defend

keep

protect

safeguard

shelter

shield

2.

maintain

continue

keep

keep up

perpetuate

sustain

uphold

noun

3.

area

domain

field

realm

sphere

preset

[D.J.:pri:ˈset]

[K.K.:priˈsɛt]

vt.

预先布置,事先调整

presetting

(轧辊位置的)预调整

preset

preset presets presetting
If a piece of equipment is preset , its controls have been set in advance of the time you want it to work.

- ...a computerised timer that can be preset to a variety of programs...

- Bake the cake in a preset oven.

VB: usu passive The spelling pre-set is also used. The form preset is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle.

preside

[D.J.:priˈzaid]

[K.K.:prɪˈzaɪd]

vi.

主持; 主管

presiding

[priˈzaidiŋ]

adj.

主持会议的,指挥的

preside **

preside presides presiding presided
If you preside over a meeting or an event, you are in charge.

- The PM returned to Downing Street to preside over a meeting of his inner Cabinet.

- He presided at the trial of the Maguire Seven.

- The presiding officer ruled that the motion was out of order.

VB

preside

verb

run

administer

chair

conduct

control

direct

govern

head

lead

manage

officiate

presidency

[D.J.:ˈprezɪdənsi:, -ˌden-]

[K.K.:ˈprɛzɪdənsi, -ˌdɛn-]

n.

总统的职位

总统的任期

presidency ***

presidency presidencies
The presidency of a country or organization is the position of being the president or the period of time during which someone is president.

- Britain will support him as a candidate for the presidency of the organisation.

- Poverty had declined during his presidency.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, poss N

president

[D.J.:ˈprezidənt]

[K.K.:ˈprɛzɪdənt, -ˌdɛnt]

n.

总统, 主席

(大学)校长; 会长; 董事长; 总裁

president *****

1. president
The president of a country that has no king or queen is the person who is the head of state of that country.

- ...President Mubarak...

- The White House says the president would veto the bill.

N-TITLE; N-COUNT: oft the N; N-VOC

2. president presidents
The president of an organization is the person who has the highest position in it.

- Research and marketing operations will be Mr. Furlaud's job as president of the new company.

- ...Alexandre de Merode, the president of the medical commission.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

president-elect

[ˈprezidntiˈlekt]

n.

已当选而尚未就职的总统,总统当选人

president-elect **

president-elect
The president-elect is the person who has been elected as the president of an organization or country, but who has not yet taken office.

- ...one of the president-elect's best proposals during the campaign.

N-SING

presidential

[D.J.:ˌprezɪˈdenʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl]

adj.

总统的;总统选举的;总统制的

总裁的;大学校长的;会长的

<旧>统辖的;掌管的

presidential ****

presidential
Presidential activities or things relate or belong to a president.

- ...campaigning for Peru's presidential election...

- There are several presidential candidates.

ADJ: ADJ n

press

[D.J.:pres]

[K.K.:prɛs]

n.

压; 按; 挤

印刷机

出版社; 通讯社

报刊, 报界, 新闻界

vt.

按, 压

逼迫, 强迫

vi.

紧迫

pressed

[D.J.:prest]

[K.K.:prɛst]

adj.

紧缺的，缺少的

(食物)压成某种形状的；压平的

be pressed/pushed for money, space, time,etc.

金钱(或空间、时间等) 有限

pressing

[D.J.:ˈpresɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈprɛsɪŋ]

adj.

紧迫的;迫切的

再三要求的, 恳切要求的

n.

同一批压制的唱片(之中的一张)

press *****

1. press presses pressing pressed
If you press something somewhere, you push it firmly against something else.

- He pressed his back against the door.

- They pressed the silver knife into the cake.

VB

2. press presses pressing pressed
If you press a button or switch, you push it with your finger in order to make a machine or device work.

- Drago pressed a button and the door closed.

- There was no-one at the reception desk, so he pressed a bell for service.

VB

3. press presses
Also a noun.

- ...a TV which rises from a table at the press of a button.

N-COUNT: usu sing

4. press presses pressing pressed
If you press something or press down on it, you push hard against it with your foot or hand.

- The engine stalled. He pressed the accelerator hard.

- She stood up and leaned forward with her hands pressing down on the desk.

VB

5. press presses pressing pressed
If you press for something, you try hard to persuade someone to give it to you or to agree to it.

- Police might now press for changes in the law.

- They had pressed for their children to be taught French.

VB
= push

6. press presses pressing pressed
If you press someone, you try hard to persuade them to do something.

- Trade unions are pressing him to stand firm.

- Mr King seems certain to be pressed for further details.

- She smiles coyly when pressed about her private life.

VB

7. press presses pressing pressed
If someone presses their claim, demand, or point, they state it in a very forceful way.

- The protest campaign has used mass strikes and demonstrations to press its demands.

- His officials have visited Washington to press their case for economic aid.

VB

8. press presses pressing pressed
If an unpleasant feeling or worry presses on you, it affects you very much or you are always thinking about it.

- The weight of irrational guilt pressed on her.

- Right now, I've got other problems that are pressing on me.

VB

9. press presses pressing pressed
If you press something on someone, you give it to them and insist that they take it.

- All I had was money, which I pressed on her reluctant mother.

- Food and cigarettes were pressed on him.

VB

10. press presses pressing pressed
If you press clothes, you iron them in order to get rid of the creases.

- Vera pressed his shirt.

- There's a couple of dresses to be pressed.

- ...clean, neatly pressed, conservative clothes.

VB
= iron

11. press presses pressing pressed
If you press fruits or vegetables, you squeeze them or crush them, usually in order to extract the juice.

- The grapes are hand-picked and pressed.

- I pressed the juice of half a lemon into a glass of water.

- ...1 clove fresh garlic, pressed or diced.

VB

12. press
Newspapers are referred to as the press .

- Today the British press is full of articles on India's new prime minister.

- ...freedom of the Press...

- Press reports revealed that ozone levels in the upper atmosphere fell during the past month.

N-SING-COLL: the N

13. press
Journalists are referred to as the press .

- Christie looked relaxed and calm as he faced the press afterwards.

- A meeting was promised, but the Press was not admitted.

N-SING-COLL: the N
= reporters

14. press presses
A press or a printing press is a machine used for printing things such as books and newspapers.

- ...the invention of the printing press...

- He was writing the book up to the moment the presses rolled.

N-COUNT

15. press
If someone or something gets a bad press , they are criticized, especially in the newspapers, on television, or on radio. If they get a good press , they are praised.

- ...the bad press that career women consistently get in this country...

- Men get more bad press in her new novel.

PHR: V inflects

16. press
If you press charges against someone, you make an official accusation against them which has to be decided in a court of law.

- I could have pressed charges against him.

- Police have announced they will not be pressing charges.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR against n

17. press
When a newspaper or magazine goes to press , it starts being printed.

- We check prices at the time of going to press.

- As this column went to press, I learnt that the man had died.

PHR: V inflects

18. press
To press someone or something into service means to use them temporarily for a particular purpose.

- The local bar has been pressed into service as a school.

- Kenny had been pressed into service to guard the door.

PHR: V inflects

pressed

pressed
If you say that you are pressed for time or pressed for money , you mean that you do not have enough time or money at the moment.

- Are you pressed for time, Mr Bayliss? If not, I suggest we have lunch.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ for n
See also hard-pressed .

pressing *

pressing
A pressing problem, need, or issue has to be dealt with immediately.

- It is one of the most pressing problems facing this country.

- There is a pressing need for more funds.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= urgent

press

verb

1.

force down

compress

crush

depress

jam

mash

push

squeeze

2.

hug

clasp

crush

embrace

fold in one's arms

hold close

squeeze

3.

smooth

flatten

iron

4.

urge

beg

entreat

exhort

implore

petition

plead

pressurize

5.

crowd

flock

gather

herd

push

seethe

surge

swarm

throng

noun

the press

6.

newspapers

Fleet Street

fourth estate

news media

the papers

journalists

columnists

correspondents

newsmen

pressmen

reporters

pressing

adjective

urgent

crucial

high-priority

imperative

important

importunate

serious

vital

press on, press ahead *****

1. press on presses on; pressing on; pressed on
If you press on or press ahead , you continue with a task or activity in a determined way, and do not allow any problems or difficulties to delay you.

- Organizers of the strike are determined to press on.

- He was persuaded by his advisers to press ahead.

- Poland pressed on with economic reform.

PHR-V
= continue

2. press on presses on; pressing on; pressed on
If you press on , you continue with a journey, even though it is becoming more difficult or more dangerous.

- I considered turning back, but it was getting late, so I pressed on.

PHR-V
= go on

press agency

press agency press agencies
A country's press agency is an organization that gathers news from that country and supplies it to journalists from all over the world.

- The Saudi Press Agency reported that 29 people were injured.

N-COUNT

press agent

press agent press agents
A press agent is a person who is employed by a famous person to give information about that person to the press.

- The child actor's press agent says: `He does not talk to the press on such matters.'

N-COUNT: oft with poss

press box

press box press boxes
The press box at a sports ground is a room or area which is reserved for journalists to watch sporting events.
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

press conference **

press conference press conferences
A press conference is a meeting held by a famous or important person in which they answer journalists' questions.

- She gave her reaction to his release at a press conference.

- The opposition parties called a press conference to denounce the actions of the police.

N-COUNT

press corps

press corps
The press corps is a group of journalists who are all working in a particular place, for different newspapers.

- David McNeil is travelling with the White House press corps.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu the N press corps is both the singular and the plural form

press gallery

press gallery press galleries
The press gallery is the area in a parliament, legislature, or council which is reserved for journalists who report on its activities.
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

press-gang

vt.

强征入伍

press-gang

1. press-gang press-gangs press-ganging press-ganged
If you are press-ganged into doing something, you are made or persuaded to do it, even though you do not really want to. (mainly BRIT)

- I was press-ganged into working in that business.

- She was a volunteer, she hadn't had to be press-ganged.

VB: usu passive
= force

2. press-gang press-gangs press-ganging press-ganged
If people are press-ganged , they are captured and forced to join the army or navy. (mainly BRIT)

- They left their villages to evade being press-ganged into the army.

- The government denies that the women were press-ganged.

VB: usu passive

3. press-ganging

- ...the press-ganging of young people into the country's armed forces.

N-SING: the N of n

4. press-gang press-gangs
In former times, a press-gang was a group of men who used to capture boys and men and force them to join the navy.

- The navy resorted to the press-gang.

N-COUNT

pressman

[D.J.:ˈpresmæn]

[K.K.:ˈprɛsmən, -ˌmæn]

n.

印刷工人,〈英口〉新闻工作者,记者

pressman

pressman pressmen
A pressman is a journalist, especially a man, who works for a newspaper or magazine. (JOURNALISM) (BRIT; in AM use newspaperman )

- There were television crews and pressmen from all around the world.

N-COUNT
= reporter newspaperman

press officer *

press officer press officers
A press officer is a person who is employed by an organization to give information about that organization to the press.

- ...the Press Officer of the Bavarian Government.

N-COUNT

press release *

press release press releases
A press release is a written statement about a matter of public interest which is given to the press by an organization concerned with the matter.

- The government had put out a press release naming the men.

N-COUNT

press room

press room press rooms
A press room is a room for journalists to use at a special event.
N-COUNT also pressroom

press secretary

press secretary press secretaries
A government's or political leader's press secretary is someone who is employed by them to give information to the press.

- The Prime Minister's official press secretary told reporters that a majority of one would be a sufficient mandate.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

press stud

press stud press studs
A press stud is a small metal object used to fasten clothes and is made up of two parts which can be pressed together. (BRIT; in AM use snap fastener or snap )
N-COUNT
= popper

press-up

n.

俯卧撑

press-up

press-up press-ups
Press-ups are exercises to strengthen your arms and chest muscles. They are done by lying with your face towards the floor and pushing with your hands to raise your body until your arms are straight. (BRIT; in AM use push-ups )

- He made me do 30 press-ups.

N-COUNT: usu pl

pressure

[D.J.:ˈpreʃə]

[K.K.:ˈprɛʃɚ]

n.

压(力), 压强

强制, 压迫

pressure *****

1. pressure
Pressure is force that you produce when you press hard on something.

- She kicked at the door with her foot, and the pressure was enough to open it.

- The pressure of his fingers had relaxed.

- The best way to treat such bleeding is to apply firm pressure.

N-UNCOUNT

2. pressure
The pressure in a place or container is the force produced by the quantity of gas or liquid in that place or container.

- The window in the cockpit had blown in and the pressure dropped dramatically.

- Warm air is now being drawn in from another high pressure area over the North Sea.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

3. pressure
If there is pressure on a person, someone is trying to persuade or force them to do something.

- He may have put pressure on her to agree.

- Its government is under pressure from the European Commission.

- The political pressures to do something are pretty enormous.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

4. pressure
If you are experiencing pressure , you feel that you must do a lot of tasks or make a lot of decisions in very little time, or that people expect a lot from you.

- Can you work under pressure?.

- Even if I had the talent to play tennis I couldn't stand the pressure.

- The pressures of modern life are great.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
= stress

5. pressure pressures pressuring pressured
If you pressure someone to do something, you try forcefully to persuade them to do it.

- He will never pressure you to get married.

- The Government should not be pressured into making hasty decisions.

- Don't pressure me.

- His boss did not pressure him for results.

VB

6. pressured

- You're likely to feel anxious and pressured.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

pressure

noun

1.

force

compressing

compression

crushing

squeezing

weight

2.

power

coercion

compulsion

constraint

force

influence

sway

3.

stress

burden

demands

hassle informal

heat

load

strain

urgency

pressure cooker

pressure cooker pressure cookers
A pressure cooker is a large metal container with a lid that fits tightly, in which you can cook food quickly using steam at high pressure.
N-COUNT

pressure group *

pressure group pressure groups
A pressure group is an organized group of people who are trying to persuade a government or other authority to do something, for example to change a law.

- ...the environmental pressure group Greenpeace.

N-COUNT

pressurization

[ˌpreʃəraiˈzeiʃən]

n.

增压;加压;耐压

pressurize

[D.J.:ˈpreʃəˌraɪz]

[K.K.:ˈprɛʃəˌraɪz]

vt.

对…施加压力

维持(某物内部的)大气压力水平,给…增压

pressurization

n.

压力输送,挤压

气密,密封

增压,加压

pressurized

[D.J.:ˈpreʃəraɪzd]

[K.K.:ˈpr ɛʃəraɪzd]

adj.

(容器、机舱等)增压的,加压的

感到忙不过来的,紧迫的,感受压力的

pressurizing

[ˈpreʃəraiziŋ]

n.

加压,增压

pressurize

pressurize pressurizes pressurizing pressurized
If you are pressurized into doing something, you are forcefully persuaded to do it.

- Do not be pressurized into making your decision immediately.

- He thought she was trying to pressurize him.

VB (BRIT) also pressurise
= pressure

See also pressurized .

pressurized *

pressurized
In a pressurized container or area, the pressure inside is different from the pressure outside.

- Supplementary oxygen is rarely needed in pressurized aircraft.

- Certain types of foods are also dispensed in pressurized canisters.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also pressurised

pressy

pressy pressies
A pressy is something that you give to someone, for example at Christmas, or when you visit them. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...Christmas pressies.

N-COUNT also pressie
= present gift

prestige

[D.J.:presˈti:ʒ]

[K.K.:prɛˈstiʒ, -ˈstidʒ]

n.

威信, 威望, 声望

adj.

炫耀的, 讲究排场的, 摆阔气的

prestige **

1. prestige
If a person, a country, or an organization has prestige , they are admired and respected because of the position they hold or the things they have achieved.

- ...efforts to build up the prestige of the United Nations...

- It was his responsibility for foreign affairs that gained him international prestige.

- ...high prestige jobs.

N-UNCOUNT
= status

2. prestige
Prestige is used to describe products, places, or activities which people admire because they are associated with being rich or having a high social position.

- ...such prestige cars as Cadillac, Mercedes, Porsche and Jaguar.

ADJ: ADJ n
= luxury

prestige

noun

status

credit

distinction

eminence

fame

honour

importance

kudos

renown

reputation

standing

prestigious

[D.J.:preˈsti:dʒəs, -ˈstɪdʒəs]

[K.K.:prɛˈstidʒəs, -ˈstɪdʒəs]

adj.

受尊敬的, 有声望的, 有威信的

prestigious **

prestigious
A prestigious institution, job, or activity is respected and admired by people.

- It's one of the best equipped and most prestigious schools in the country.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= reputable

prestigious

adjective

celebrated

eminent

esteemed

great

illustrious

important

notable

prominent

renowned

respected

presumably

[priˈzju:məbli]

adv.

据推测, 大概, 可能

presumably ***

presumably
If you say that something is presumably the case, you mean that you think it is very likely to be the case, although you are not certain.

- Presumably the front door was locked when you came down this morning?.

- The spear is presumably the murder weapon.

- He had gone to the reception desk, presumably to check out.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV before v vagueness

presumably

adverb

it would seem

apparently

in all likelihood

in all probability

on the face of it

probably

seemingly

presume

[D.J.:priˈzju:m]

[K.K.:prɪˈzum]

vt.

以为; 假定

vi.

冒昧地做某事; 错用

自作主张, 放肆

presumed

假定的;推测的

presuming

[D.J.:priˈzju:miŋ]

[K.K.:prɪˈzumɪŋ]

adj.

专横的

presume **

1. presume presumes presuming presumed
If you presume that something is the case, you think that it is the case, although you are not certain.

- I presume you're here on business.

- Dido's told you the whole sad story, I presume?.

- `Had he been home all week?' --- `I presume so.'

- ...areas that have been presumed to be safe...

- The missing person is presumed dead.

VB
= assume

2. presume presumes presuming presumed
If you say that someone presumes to do something, you mean that they do it even though they have no right to do it. (FORMAL)

- They're resentful that outsiders presume to meddle in their affairs.

- I wouldn't presume to question your judgement.

VB

3. presume presumes presuming presumed
If an idea, theory, or plan presumes certain facts, it regards them as true so that they can be used as a basis for further ideas and theories. (FORMAL)

- The legal definition of `know' often presumes mental control.

- The arrangement presumes that both lenders and borrowers are rational.

VB

presume

verb

1.

believe

assume

conjecture

guess informal chiefly U.S. & Canad.

infer

postulate

suppose

surmise

take for granted

think

2.

dare

go so far

make so bold

take the liberty

venture

presumption

[D.J.:prɪˈzʌmpʃən]

[K.K.:prɪˈzʌmpʃən]

n.

假定, 认定, 推测

<律>推定, 论定

放肆, 冒昧, 自以为是

presumption *

1. presumption presumptions
A presumption is something that is accepted as true but is not certain to be true.

- ...the presumption that a defendant is innocent until proved guilty...

- I'm having to make a lot of presumptions since I don't really know anything about the case.

N-COUNT
= assumption

2. presumption
If you describe someone's behaviour as presumption , you disapprove of it because they are doing something that they have no right to do. (FORMAL)

- They were angered by his presumption.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

presumption

noun

1.

cheek informal

audacity

boldness

effrontery

gall informal

impudence

insolence

nerve informal

2.

probability

basis

chance

likelihood

presumptuous

[D.J.:prɪˈzʌmptʃu:əs]

[K.K.:prɪˈzʌmptʃuəs]

adj.

自以为是的,专横的;冒失的

presumptuously

adv.

自以为是地,专横地;冒失地

presumptuousness

n.

自以为是,专横;冒失

presumptuous

presumptuous
If you describe someone or their behaviour as presumptuous , you disapprove of them because they are doing something that they have no right or authority to do.

- It would be presumptuous to judge what the outcome will be.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ disapproval

presumptuous

adjective

pushy informal

audacious

bold

forward

insolent

overconfident

too big for one's boots

uppish Brit. informal

presuppose

[D.J.:ˌpri:səˈpəʊz]

[K.K.:ˌprisəˈpoz]

vt.

预先假定, 假设

以…为先决条件, 意味着

presuppose

presuppose presupposes presupposing presupposed
If one thing presupposes another, the first thing cannot be true or exist unless the second thing is true or exists.

- All your arguments presuppose that he's a rational, intelligent man.

- The end of an era presupposes the start of another.

VB
= assume

presuppose

verb

presume

assume

imply

posit

postulate

take as read

take for granted

presupposition

[D.J.:ˌpri:sʌpəˈziʃn]

n.

假设的事情;假定;预设

presupposition

presupposition presuppositions
A presupposition is something that you assume to be true, especially something which you must assume is true in order to continue with what you are saying or thinking. (FORMAL)

- ...the presupposition within medical science that human life must be sustained for as long as possible.

N-COUNT
= assumption

presupposition

noun

assumption

belief

preconception

premise

presumption

supposition

pre-tax

adj.

纳税前的

pre-tax **

1. pre-tax
Pre-tax profits or losses are the total profits or losses made by a company before tax has been taken away.

- Storehouse made pre-tax profits of £3.1m.

ADJ: ADJ n also pretax .

2. pre-tax
Also an adverb.

- Last year it made £2.5m pre-tax.

ADV: ADV after v also pretax .

pre-teen

pre-teen pre-teens
A pre-teen is a child aged between nine and thirteen.

- Some preteens are able to handle a good deal of responsibility.

- ...a programme aimed at a pre-teen audience.

- ...pre-teen children.

N-COUNT: oft N n also preteen .

pretence

[D.J.:ˈpri:ˌtens, prɪˈtens]

[K.K.:ˈpriˌtɛns, prɪˈtɛns]

n.

假装, 作假, 做作

自命, 自称, 自吹, 炫耀

pretence *

1. pretence pretences
A pretence is an action or way of behaving that is intended to make people believe something that is not true.

- Welland made a pretence of writing a note in his pad.

- We have to go along with the pretence that things are getting better.

- The government abandoned any pretence of reform.

N-VAR (AM) pretense

2. pretence
If you do something under false pretences , you do it when people do not know the truth about you and your intentions.

- I could not go on living with a man who had married me under false pretences.

- Conrad had been imprisoned for a year for gaining money by false pretences.

PHR: usu under PHR (AM) pretense

pretence

noun

1.

deception

acting

charade

deceit

falsehood

feigning

sham

simulation

trickery

2.

show

affectation

artifice

display

fa¸cade

veneer

pretend

[D.J.:priˈtend]

[K.K.:prɪˈtɛnd]

vt. & vi.

假装, 伪装

pretended

[D.J.:prɪˈtendɪd]

[K.K.:prɪˈtɛndɪd]

adj.

假装的;徒有外表的

传说的;号称的

pretending

假装的,矫饰的,僭望的

pretend **

1. pretend pretends pretending pretended
If you pretend that something is the case, you act in a way that is intended to make people believe that it is the case, although in fact it is not.

- I pretend that things are really okay when they're not.

- Sometimes the boy pretended to be asleep.

- I had no option but to pretend ignorance.

VB

2. pretend pretends pretending pretended
If children or adults pretend that they are doing something, they imagine that they are doing it, for example as part of a game.

- She can sunbathe and pretend she's in Spain.

- The children pretend to be different animals dancing to the music.

VB

3. pretend pretends pretending pretended
If you pretend that something is the case, you claim that it is the case.

- We do not pretend that the past six years have been without problems for us.

- Within this lecture I cannot pretend to deal adequately with dreams.

VB: with neg

pretend

verb

1.

feign

affect

allege

assume

fake

falsify

impersonate

profess

sham

simulate

2.

make believe

act

imagine

make up

suppose

pretended

adjective

feigned

bogus

counterfeit

fake

false

phoney or phony informal

pretend informal

pseudo informal

sham

so-called

pretender

[D.J.:priˈtendə]

[K.K.:prɪˈtɛndɚ]

n.

觊觎高位者

pretender *

pretender pretenders
A pretender to a position is someone who claims the right to that position, and whose claim is disputed by others.

- ...the Comte de Paris, pretender to the French throne.

N-COUNT: usu N to n, adj N

pretender

noun

claimant

aspirant

pretension

[D.J.:prɪˈtenʃən]

[K.K.:prɪˈtɛnʃən]

n.

自称,自命

自命不凡,自负

要求, 主张; 权力, 资格

pretension *

1. pretension pretensions
If you say that someone has pretensions , you disapprove of them because they claim or pretend that they are more important than they really are.

- Her wide-eyed innocence soon exposes the pretensions of the art world.

- We like him for his honesty, his lack of pretension.

N-VAR disapproval
= pretentiousness

2. pretension
If someone has pretensions to something, they claim to be or do that thing.

- The city has unrealistic pretensions to world-class status.

- It will remain as a pressure group, but no longer has any pretension to be a political party.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, N to n/-ing, N to-inf
= claim

pretension

noun

1.

claim

aspiration

assumption

demand

pretence

profession

2.

affectation

airs

conceit

ostentation

pretentiousness

self-importance

show

snobbery

vanity

pretentious

[D.J.:priˈtenʃəs]

[K.K.:prɪˈtɛnʃəs]

adj.

狂妄的, 自命不凡的, 自负的

pretentiousness

[D.J.:prɪˈtenʃəsnɪs]

[K.K.:prɪˈt ɛnʃəsnɪs]

n.

矫饰,炫耀;自负,狂妄

pretentious *

1. pretentious
If you say that someone or something is pretentious , you mean that they try to seem important or significant, but you do not think that they are.

- His response was full of pretentious nonsense.

- This pub was of a very different type, smaller, less pretentious.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. pretentiousness

- He has a tendency towards pretentiousness.

N-UNCOUNT

pretentious

adjective

affected

conceited

grandiloquent

grandiose

high-flown

inflated

mannered

ostentatious

pompous

puffed up

showy

snobbish

preternatural

[D.J.:ˌpri:təˈnætʃərəl, -ˈnætʃrəl]

[K.K.:ˌpritɚˈnætʃərəl, -ˈnætʃrəl]

adj.

异常的,奇特的

超自然的

不可思议的

preternatural

1. preternatural
Preternatural abilities, qualities, or events are very unusual in a way that might make you think that unknown forces are involved. (FORMAL)

- Their parents had an almost preternatural ability to understand what was going on in their children's minds.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. preternaturally

- It was suddenly preternaturally quiet.

ADV: ADV adj

pretext

[D.J.:ˈpri:tekst]

[K.K.:ˈpriˌtɛkst]

n.

借口; 托辞

pretext *

pretext pretexts
A pretext is a reason which you pretend has caused you to do something.

- They wanted a pretext for subduing the region by force.

- He excused himself on the pretext of a stomach upset.

- They would now find some dubious pretext to restart the war.

N-COUNT

pretext

noun

guise

cloak

cover

excuse

ploy

pretence

ruse

show

prettify

[D.J.:ˈpritifai]

[K.K.:ˈprɪtɪˌfaɪ]

v.

修饰

prettify

prettify prettifies prettifying prettified
To prettify something, especially something that is not beautiful, means to make it appear pretty.

- ...just a clever effort to prettify animal slaughter...

- It presented an intolerably prettified view of the countryside.

VB disapproval

prettily

[D.J.:ˈprɪtɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈprɪtɪlɪ]

adv.

漂亮地;可爱地;优美地

合适地;恰如其分地

prettiness

[ˈpritinis]

n.

漂亮,可爱

pretty

[D.J.:ˈpriti]

[K.K.:ˈprɪti]

adj.

漂亮的, 可爱的, 精致的

adv.

相当; 颇

pretty ****

1. pretty prettier prettiest
If you describe someone, especially a girl, as pretty , you mean that they look nice and are attractive in a delicate way.

- She's a very charming and very pretty girl.

ADJ-GRADED
= good-looking

2. prettily

- She was laughing prettily at me.

ADV-GRADED

3. prettiness

- Her prettiness had been much admired.

N-UNCOUNT

4. pretty prettier prettiest
A place or a thing that is pretty is attractive and pleasant, in a charming but not particularly unusual way.

- Whitstable is still a very pretty little town.

- ...comfortable sofas covered in a pretty floral print.

ADJ-GRADED
= charming

5. prettily

- The living-room was prettily decorated.

ADV-GRADED

6. prettiness

- ...shells of quite unbelievable prettiness.

N-UNCOUNT

7. pretty
You can use pretty before an adjective or adverb to mean `quite' or `rather'. (INFORMAL)

- I had a pretty good idea what she was going to do.

- Pretty soon after my arrival I found lodgings.

ADV: ADV adj/adv

8. pretty
Pretty much or pretty well means `almost'. (INFORMAL)

- His new government looks pretty much like the old one.

- I travel pretty well every week.

PHR
= almost practically

9. pretty
If you say that someone is sitting pretty , you mean that they are in a good, safe, or comfortable position. (INFORMAL)

- When the war started, they thought they were sitting pretty, because they had all that extra grain.

PHR: V inflects

pretty

adjective

1.

attractive

beautiful

bonny

charming

comely

fair

good-looking

lovely

adverb

2.

fairly

kind of informal

moderately

quite

rather

reasonably

somewhat

pretzel

[D.J.:ˈpretsəl]

[K.K.:ˈprɛtsəl]

n.

椒盐卷饼,〈美俚〉法国号

pretzel

pretzel pretzels
A pretzel is a small, crisp, shiny biscuit, which has salt on the outside. Pretzels are usually shaped like knots or sticks.
N-COUNT

prevail

[D.J.:priˈveil]

[K.K.:prɪˈvel]

vi.

说服, 劝说; 诱使

盛行, 流行

获胜; 占优势

prevailing

[D.J.:prɪˈveɪlɪŋ]

[K.K.:prɪˈvelɪŋ]

adj.

占优势的;主要的

流行的;普遍的

prevail **

1. prevail prevails prevailing prevailed
If a proposal, principle, or opinion prevails , it gains influence or is accepted, often after a struggle or argument.

- We hope that common sense would prevail.

- Rick still believes that justice will prevail.

- Political and personal ambitions are starting to prevail over economic interests.

VB
= triumph

2. prevail prevails prevailing prevailed
If a situation, attitude, or custom prevails in a particular place at a particular time, it is normal or most common in that place at that time.

- A similar situation prevails in America.

- ...the confusion which had prevailed at the time of the revolution...

- How people in a certain era bury their dead says much about the prevailing attitudes toward death.

VB

3. prevail prevails prevailing prevailed
If one side in a battle, contest, or dispute prevails , it wins.

- He appears to have the votes he needs to prevail.

- I do hope he will prevail over the rebels.

VB
= be victorious

4. prevail prevails prevailing prevailed
If you prevail upon someone to do something, you succeed in persuading them to do it. (FORMAL)

- We must, each of us, prevail upon our congressman to act.

- Do you think she could be prevailed upon to do those things?

VB

prevailing

prevailing
The prevailing wind in an area is the type of wind that blows over that area most of the time.

- The direction of the prevailing winds should be taken into account.

ADJ: ADJ n

prevail

verb Informal

1.

win

be victorious

overcome

overrule

succeed

triumph

2.

be widespread

abound

be current

be prevalent

exist generally

predominate

prevailing

adjective

1.

widespread

common

current

customary

established

fashionable

general

in vogue

ordinary

popular

prevalent

usual

2.

predominating

dominant

main

principal

ruling

prevalence

[D.J.:ˈprevələns]

[K.K.:ˈprɛvələns]

n.

流行,盛行;普遍,广泛

(疾病等的)流行程度

prevalent

[D.J.:ˈprevələnt]

[K.K.:ˈprɛvələnt]

adj.

普遍的, 盛行的, 流行的

prevalent *

1. prevalent
A condition or belief that is prevalent is common.

- This condition is more prevalent in women than in men.

- Smoking is becoming increasingly prevalent among younger women.

- The prevalent view is that interest rates will fall.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= common

2. prevalence

- ...the prevalence of asthma in Britain and western Europe.

N-UNCOUNT

prevalence

noun

commonness

currency

frequency

popularity

universality

prevalent

adjective

common

current

customary

established

frequent

general

popular

universal

usual

widespread

prevaricate

[D.J.:prɪˈværɪˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:prɪˈværɪˌket]

vi.

①支吾,搪塞

说谎

prevarication

n.

支吾,搪塞;说谎

prevaricator

n.

推诿的人;撒谎的人

prevarication

n.

支吾,搪塞

prevaricator

[priˈværikeitə]

n.

说话支吾的人,说话搪塞的人

prevaricate

1. prevaricate prevaricates prevaricating prevaricated
If you prevaricate , you avoid giving a direct answer or making a firm decision.

- British ministers continued to prevaricate.

VB

2. prevarication prevarications

- After months of prevarication, the political decision had at last been made.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

prevaricate

verb

evade

beat about the bush

cavil

deceive

dodge

equivocate

flannel Brit. informal

hedge

prevent

[D.J.:priˈvent]

[K.K.:prɪˈvɛnt]

vt.

预防

vt. & vi.

阻止

prevention

[D.J.:prɪˈvenʃən]

[K.K.:prɪˈvɛnʃən]

n.

防止,预防

prevention is better than cure

治病不如防病；防患于未然是上策

prevent ****

1. prevent prevents preventing prevented
To prevent something means to ensure that it does not happen.

- These methods prevent pregnancy.

- Further treatment will prevent cancer from developing.

- We recognized the possibility and took steps to prevent it happening.

VB
= stop

2. prevention

- ...the prevention of heart disease.

- ...crime prevention.

N-UNCOUNT

3. prevent prevents preventing prevented
To prevent someone from doing something means to make it impossible for them to do it.

- He said this would prevent companies from creating new jobs.

- Its nationals may be prevented from leaving the country.

- The police have been trying to prevent them carrying weapons.

VB
= stop

prevent

verb

stop

avert

avoid

foil

forestall

frustrate

hamper

hinder

impede

inhibit

obstruct

obviate

preclude

thwart

prevention

noun

elimination

avoidance

deterrence

precaution

safeguard

thwarting

preventable

[D.J.:prɪˈventəbl]

[K.K.:prɪˈv ɛntəb l..]

adj.

可阻止的;可预防的

preventable

preventable
Preventable diseases, illnesses, or deaths could be stopped from occurring.

- Forty-thousand children a day die from preventable diseases.

- Most common health upsets that spoil a holiday are easily preventable.

ADJ

preventative

[D.J.:priˈventətiv]

[K.K.:prɪˈvɛntətɪv]

adj.

预防性的

preventative

preventative
Preventative means the same as preventive .
ADJ: ADJ n

preventive

[D.J.:prɪˈventɪv]

[K.K.:prɪˈvɛntɪv]

n.

预防,防止

adj.

预防的,防止的

preventive medicine

预防医学

预防药,预防剂

preventive *

preventive
Preventive actions are intended to help prevent things such as disease or crime.

- Too much is spent on expensive curative medicine and too little on preventive medicine.

- People accused the ministry of failing to take adequate preventive measures.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= preventative

preventive preventative

adjective

1.

hindering

hampering

impeding

obstructive

2.

protective

counteractive

deterrent

precautionary

noun

3.

hindrance

block

impediment

obstacle

obstruction

4.

protection

deterrent

prevention

remedy

safeguard

shield

preview

[D.J.:ˌpri:ˈvju:]

[K.K.:ˈpriˌvju]

n.

预展, 试映, 预演

vt.

预映, 预演, 预习

previewing

[ˈpri:ˌvju:iŋ]

n.

预视

preview **

1. preview previews
A preview is an opportunity to see something such as a film, exhibition, or invention before it is open or available to the public.

- He had gone to see the preview of a play.

- ...a sneak preview of the type of car that could be commonplace within ten years.

N-COUNT

2. preview previews previewing previewed
If a journalist previews something such as a film, exhibition, or invention, they see it and describe it to the public before the public see it for themselves.

- He knew about the interview prior to its publication and had actually previewed the piece.

- Nick Sullivan previews this season's collections from Paris and Milan.

VB

preview

noun

advance showing

foretaste

sneak preview

taster

trailer

previous

[D.J.:ˈpri:viəs]

[K.K.:ˈpriviəs]

adj.

先前的, 以前的

过早的, 过急的

previous ****

1. previous
A previous event or thing is one that happened or came before the one that you are talking about.

- She has a teenage daughter from a previous marriage.

- He has no previous convictions.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. previous
You refer to the period of time or the thing immediately before the one that you are talking about as the previous one.

- It was a surprisingly dry day after the rain of the previous week.

- He recalled exactly what Bob had told him the previous night.

ADJ: det ADJ
= preceding

previous

adjective

earlier

erstwhile

foregoing

former

past

preceding

prior

previously

[D.J.:ˈpri:vjəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈprivɪəslɪ]

adv.

事先;以前

<美><口>仓促地;不成熟地

previously ***

1. previously
Previously means at some time before the period that you are talking about.

- Guyana's railways were previously owned by private companies.

- The contract was awarded to a previously unknown company.

- Previously she had very little time to work in her own garden.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj, ADV with cl

2. previously
You can use previously to say how much earlier one event was than another event.

- He had first entered the House 12 years previously.

- She had rented the flat from the council some fourteen months previously.

ADV: n ADV
= before

previously

adverb

before

beforehand

earlier

formerly

hitherto

in the past

once

pre-war

[ˌpri:ˈwɔ:]

adj. & adv.

(尤指第一次和第二次世界大战)战前(的)

pre-war *

pre-war
Pre-war is used to describe things that happened, existed, or were made in the period immediately before a war, especially the Second World War, 1939-45.

- ...Poland's pre-war leader.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also prewar .
≠ post-war

prey

[D.J.:prei]

[K.K.:pre]

n.

被捕食的动物, 猎物, 牺牲品

捕食(习性), 掠食

vi.

捕食, 掠食

折磨

(人)靠欺诈为生

prey **

1. prey
A creature's prey are the creatures that it hunts and eats in order to live.

- Electric rays stun their prey with huge electrical discharges.

- These animals were the prey of hyenas.

N-UNCOUNT-COLL: usu with poss
See also bird of prey .

2. prey preys preying preyed
A creature that preys on other creatures lives by catching and eating them.

- The effect was to disrupt the food chain, starving many animals and those that preyed on them.

- The larvae prey upon small aphids.

VB
= feed

3. prey
You can refer to the people who someone tries to harm or trick as their prey .

- Police officers lie in wait for the gangs who stalk their prey at night.

- This burglar thought old people are easy prey.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

4. prey preys preying preyed
If someone preys on other people, especially people who are unable to protect themselves, they take advantage of them or harm them in some way.

- Pam had never learned that there were men who preyed on young runaways.

- The survey claims loan companies prey on weak families already in debt.

VB

5. prey preys preying preyed
If something preys on your mind, you cannot stop thinking and worrying about it.

- The absence of children at Christmas preyed on Liz's mind.

- It was a misunderstanding. Herr Kettner was unwise and it preyed on his conscience.

VB
= weigh

6. prey
If someone is prey to something bad, they have a tendency to let themselves be affected by it.

- He was prey to a growing despair.

- You were both a prey to compulsions.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, N to n

7. prey
To fall prey to something bad means to be taken over or affected by it.

- On the flight from Paris to Toulon, Mechiche fell prey to panic.

- Children in evacuation centres are falling prey to disease.

PHR: V inflects

prey

noun

1.

quarry

game

kill

2.

victim

dupe

fall guy informal

mug Brit. slang

target

price

[D.J.:prais]

[K.K.:praɪs]

n.

价格, 价钱

代价

vt.

标价; 定价

问价; 估价

priced

[D.J.:praɪst]

[K.K.:praɪst]

adj.

附有定价的

pricing

[ˈpraisiŋ]

n.

定价

price *****

1. price prices
The price of something is the amount of money that you have to pay in order to buy it.

- ...a sharp increase in the price of petrol...

- They expected house prices to rise.

- They haven't come down in price.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, also in N

2. price
The price that you pay for something that you want is an unpleasant thing that you have to do or suffer in order to get it.

- Slovenia will have to pay a high price for independence.

- There may be a price to pay for such relentless activity, perhaps ill health or even divorce.

- He's paying the price for working his body so hard.

N-SING: usu N for n/-ing
= penalty

3. price prices pricing priced
If something is priced at a particular amount, the price is set at that amount.

- The shares are expected to be priced at about 330p.

- Analysts predict that Digital will price the new line at less than half the cost of comparable IBM mainframes.

- There is a very reasonably priced menu.

VB

4. pricing

- It's hard to maintain competitive pricing.

N-UNCOUNT

5. price
If you want something at any price , you are determined to get it, even if unpleasant things happen as a result.

- If they wanted a deal at any price, they would have to face the consequences.

- We obviously want to see the hostages home, but not at any price.

PHR: PHR after v
= at any cost

6. price
If you can buy something that you want at a price , it is for sale, but it is extremely expensive.

- Most goods are available, but at a price.

PHR: PHR with cl

7. price
If you get something that you want at a price , you get it but something unpleasant happens as a result.

- Fame comes at a price.

- Theismann's precious information came at a price, however.

PHR: usu PHR after v

8. price
If there is a price on someone's head , an amount of money has been offered for the capture or killing of that person.

- He remains at large despite the high price put on his head by the authorities.

PHR: head inflects

9. price
If you say that you cannot put a price on something, you mean that it is very valuable.

- You can't put a price on friendship.

- You can't put a price on the value of the work done by our nurses.

PHR: with brd-neg, PHR n

10. price
You use what price in front of a word or expression that refers to something happening when you want to ask how likely it is to happen. You usually do this to emphasize either that it is very likely or very unlikely.

- What price a glorious repeat of last week's triumph?

PHR: PHR n

11. price
You use `at what price ?' to comment on the fact that the consequences of doing something are unpleasant.

- Yes, they are free of him, but at what price to themselves, their families, those left behind?.

- What price success!

PHR

price

noun

1.

cost

amount

charge

damage informal

estimate

expense

fee

figure

rate

value

worth

2.

consequences

cost

penalty

toll

verb

3.

evaluate

assess

cost

estimate

rate

value

priceless

[D.J.:ˈpraɪslɪs]

[K.K.:ˈpraɪslɪs]

adj.

无价的, 贵重的, 无法估价的

极荒唐而有趣的

priceless *

1. priceless
If you say that something is priceless , you are emphasizing that it is worth a very large amount of money.

- They are priceless, unique and irreplaceable.

- ...the priceless treasures of the Royal Collection.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis

2. priceless
If you say that something is priceless , you approve of it because it is extremely useful.

- They are a priceless record of a brief period in British history.

- The influence of someone like David York will be priceless.

ADJ-GRADED approval

priceless

adjective

1.

valuable

costly

dear

expensive

invaluable

precious

2.

hilarious

amusing

comic

droll

funny

rib-tickling

side-splitting

price tag *

1. price tag price tags
If something has a price tag of a particular amount, that is the amount that you must pay in order to buy it. (WRITTEN)

- I can't say it justifies the price tag of £150.

- The price tag on the 34-room white Regency mansion is £17.5 million.

N-COUNT also price-tag .

2. price tag price tags
In a shop, the price tag on an article for sale is a small piece of card or paper which is attached to the article and which has the price written on it.
N-COUNT also price-tag .

price war *

price war price wars
If competing companies are involved in a price war , they each try to gain an advantage by lowering their prices as much as possible in order to sell more of their products and damage their competitors financially.

- Their loss was partly due to a vicious price war between manufacturers that has cut margins to the bone.

N-COUNT

pricey

[D.J.:ˈpraisi]

[K.K.:ˈpraɪsi]

adj.

价格高的;昂贵的

pricey

pricey pricier priciest
If you say that something is pricey , you mean that it is expensive. (INFORMAL)

- Medical insurance is very pricey.

ADJ-GRADED also pricy .

pricey pricy

adjective Informal

expensive

costly

dear

high-priced

steep informal

prick

[D.J.:prik]

[K.K.:prɪk]

vt.

刺, 扎, 戳

vt. & vi.

刺伤, 刺痛; 使剧痛

(使)觉得刺痛

n.

刺痛

刺孔, 刺痕

植物的刺

pricking

[ˈprikiŋ]

n.

刺;刺痕;刺痛感

prick *

1. prick pricks pricking pricked
If you prick something or prick holes in it, you make small holes in it with a sharp object such as a pin.

- Prick the potatoes and rub the skins with salt.

- He pricks holes in the foil with a pin.

VB

2. prick pricks pricking pricked
If something sharp pricks you or if you prick yourself with something sharp, it sticks into you or presses your skin and causes you pain.

- She had just pricked her finger with the needle.

VB

3. prick pricks pricking pricked
If tears prick your eyes , you feel as if you are about to cry. (LITERARY)

- Davydd felt tears prick his eyes.

VB

4. prick pricks pricking pricked
If something pricks your conscience , you suddenly feel guilty about it. If you are pricked by an emotion, you suddenly experience that emotion.

- Most were sympathetic once we pricked their consciences.

- I was pricked by the needle of curiosity.

VB

5. prick pricks
A prick is a small, sharp pain that you get when something pricks you.

- At the same time she felt a prick on her neck.

N-COUNT

6. prick pricks
If someone calls a man a prick , they are indicating that they do not like him and that they think he is stupid. (INFORMAL) ( VERY RUDE)
N-COUNT disapproval

7. prick pricks
A man's prick is his penis. (INFORMAL) ( VERY RUDE)
N-COUNT: poss N

prick

verb

1.

pierce

jab

lance

perforate

punch

puncture

stab

2.

sting

bite

itch

prickle

smart

tingle

noun

3.

puncture

hole

perforation

pinhole

wound

prick up *

prick up pricks up; pricking up; pricked up
If someone pricks up their ears or if their ears prick up , they listen eagerly when they suddenly hear an interesting sound or an important piece of information.

- She stopped talking to prick up her ears.

- Ears which prick up at the mention of royalty are sure to be disappointed.

PHR-V-ERG

prickle

[D.J.:ˈprɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈprɪkəl]

n.

(动植物的)刺,棘

刺痛感

vt. & vi.

感到刺痛,引起刺痛

prickle

1. prickle prickles prickling prickled
If your skin prickles , it feels as if a lot of small sharp points are being stuck into it, either because of something touching it or because you feel a strong emotion.

- He paused, feeling his scalp prickling under his hat.

- Her skin prickled with apprehension.

VB

2. prickle prickles
Also a noun.

- I felt a prickle of disquiet.

N-COUNT

3. prickle prickles
Prickles are small sharp points that stick out from leaves or from the stalks of plants.

- ...an erect stem covered at the base with a few prickles.

N-COUNT: usu pl

prickle

noun

1.

spike

barb

needle

point

spine

spur

thorn

verb

2.

tingle

itch

smart

sting

3.

prick

jab

stick

prickly

[D.J.:ˈprɪkli:]

[K.K.:ˈprɪkli]

adj.

多刺的

刺痛的,扎人的

棘手的,难处理的

prickly *

1. prickly
Something that is prickly feels rough and uncomfortable, as if it has a lot of prickles.

- The bunk mattress was hard, the blankets prickly and slightly damp.

- The grass was prickly and cold.

ADJ-GRADED

2. prickly
Someone who is prickly loses their temper or gets upset very easily.

- You know how prickly she is.

ADJ-GRADED
= touchy

3. prickly
A prickly issue or subject is one that is rather complicated and difficult to discuss or resolve.

- The issue is likely to prove a prickly one.

ADJ-GRADED
= thorny

prickly

adjective

1.

spiny

barbed

bristly

thorny

2.

itchy

crawling

scratchy

sharp

smarting

stinging

tingling

prickly heat

prickly heat
Prickly heat is a condition caused by very hot weather, in which your skin becomes hot, uncomfortable, and covered with tiny bumps.
N-UNCOUNT

prickly pear

prickly pear prickly pears
A prickly pear is a kind of cactus that has round fruit with prickles on. The fruit, which you can eat, is also called a prickly pear .
N-COUNT

pride

[D.J.:praid]

[K.K.:praɪd]

n.

得意, 自豪

自尊

骄傲; 傲慢

vt.

以…而自豪, 得意于…

pride ***

1. pride
Pride is a feeling of satisfaction which you have because you or people close to you have done something good or possess something good.

- ...the sense of pride in a job well done...

- We take pride in offering you the highest standards.

- They can look back on their endeavours with pride.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N in n/ing

2. pride
Pride is a sense of the respect that other people have for you, and that you have for yourself.

- Davis had to salvage his pride.

- It was a severe blow to Kendall's pride.

N-UNCOUNT
= self-esteem

3. pride
Someone's pride is the feeling that they have that they are better or more important than other people.

- His pride may still be his downfall.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= arrogance

4. pride prides priding prided
If you pride yourself on a quality or skill that you have, you are very proud of it.

- Smith prides himself on being able to organise his own life.

- Doyle prides himself on his accuracy.

VB

5. pride prides
A pride of lions is a group of lions that live together.
N-COUNT: usu N of n

6. pride
Someone or something that is your pride and joy is very important to you and makes you feel very happy.

- The bike soon became his pride and joy.

PHR: v-link PHR

7. pride
If something takes pride of place , it is treated as the most important thing in a group of things.

- A three-foot-high silver World Championship cup takes pride of place near a carved wooden chair.

- The manifesto gives pride of place to job creation.

PHR: PHR after v

8. pride
If you swallow your pride , you decide to do something even though you think it will cause you to lose some respect.

- No doubt his old mother would now swallow her pride and go and live with Gladys.

PHR: V inflects

pride

noun

1.

satisfaction

delight

gratification

joy

pleasure

2.

self-respect

dignity

honour

self-esteem

self-worth

3.

conceit

arrogance

egotism

hubris

pretension

pretentiousness

self-importance

self-love

superciliousness

vanity

4.

gem

jewel

pride and joy

treasure

priest

[D.J.:pri:st]

[K.K.:prist]

n.

(基督教和罗马天主教的)神父, 牧师

priest ***

1. priest priests
A priest is a member of the Christian clergy in the Catholic, Anglican, or Orthodox church.

- He had trained to be a Catholic priest.

N-COUNT

2. priest priests
In many non-Christian religions a priest is a man who has particular duties and responsibilities in a place where people worship.
N-COUNT

priest

noun

clergyman

cleric

curate

divine

ecclesiastic

father

minister

pastor

vicar

priestess

[D.J.:ˈpri:stɪs]

[K.K.:ˈpristɪs]

n.

(基督教以外某些宗教中的)女神职人员

priestess *

priestess priestesses
A priestess is a woman in a non-Christian religion who has particular duties and responsibilities in a place where people worship.
N-COUNT
See also high priestess .

priesthood

[D.J.:ˈpri:stˌhʊd]

[K.K.:ˈpristˌhʊd]

n.

牧师〔教士、神父、司铎〕的职位;司祭品

(统称教会或国家的)全体教士,全体神职人员;司祭团

priesthood *

1. priesthood
Priesthood is the position of being a priest or the period of time during which someone is a priest.

- ...the early rites of priesthood...

- He spent the first twenty-five years of his priesthood as an academic.

N-UNCOUNT

2. priesthood
The priesthood is all the members of the Christian clergy, especially in a particular Church.

- Should the General Synod vote women into the priesthood?

N-SING: the N

priestly

[D.J.:ˈpri:stli:]

[K.K.:ˈpristli]

adj.

僧的,僧侣似的

priestly

priestly
Priestly is used to describe things that belong or relate to a priest.

- Priestly robes hang on the walls.

- ...his priestly duties.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

prig

[D.J.:prɪg]

[K.K.:prɪɡ]

n.

一本正经的人

prig

prig prigs
If you call someone a prig , you disapprove of them because they behave in a very moral way and disapprove of other people's behaviour as though they are superior.
N-COUNT disapproval

prig

noun

goody-goody informal

prude

puritan

stuffed shirt informal

priggish

[ˈpriɡiʃ]

adj.

自负的

priggish

priggish
If you describe someone as priggish , you think that they are a prig.
ADJ-GRADED disapproval

priggish

adjective

self-righteous

goody-goody informal

holier-than-thou

prim

prudish

puritanical

prim

[D.J.:prɪm]

[K.K.:prɪm]

adj.

循规蹈矩的

整洁的

prim and proper

(人)一本正经；循规蹈矩

primly

adv.

循规蹈矩地;整洁地

primness

n.

循规蹈矩;整洁

primly

[D.J.:ˈprɪmlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈprɪmlɪ]

adv.

呆滞地;拘谨地

primness

[D.J.:ˈprɪmnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈprɪmnɪs]

n.

呆滞;拘谨;一本正经

prim

1. prim
If you describe someone as prim , you disapprove of them because they behave too correctly and are too easily shocked by anything rude.

- We tend to imagine that the Victorians were very prim and proper.

- ...a rather prim British spinster.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= prissy

2. primly

- We sat primly at either end of a long settee.

- She sipped her white wine primly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. prim
If you describe something as prim , you mean that it is very neat, tidy, or sensible.

- On her blonde wavy hair, the white hat looked nicely prim.

ADJ-GRADED

prim

adjective

prudish

demure

fastidious

fussy

priggish

prissy informal

proper

puritanical

strait-laced

primacy

[D.J.:ˈpraiməsi]

[K.K.:ˈpraɪməsi]

n.

首位, 首要

大主教的职位

primacy *

primacy
The primacy of something is the fact that it is the most important or most powerful thing in a particular situation. (FORMAL)

- The political idea at the heart of this is the primacy of the individual.

- ...the primacy of experience over analysis.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n
= supremacy

prima donna

1. prima donna prima donnas
A prima donna is the main female singer in an opera.

- Her career began as prima donna with the Royal Carl Rosa Opera Company.

N-COUNT

2. prima donna prima donnas
If you describe someone as a prima donna , you disapprove of them because they think they can behave badly or get what they want because they have a particular talent.

- Nobody who comes to this club is allowed to behave like a prima donna.

- ...prima donna behaviour.

N-COUNT disapproval

prima donna

noun

diva

leading lady

star

prima facie

prima facie
Prima facie is used to describe something which appears to be true when you first consider it. (FORMAL)

- There was a prima facie case that a contempt of court had been committed.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

primal

[D.J.:ˈpraiməl]

[K.K.:ˈpraɪməl]

adj.

(似乎)原始的; 最初的

主要的, 首要的

primal *

primal
Primal is used to describe something that relates to the origins of things or that is very basic. (FORMAL)

- Jealousy is a primal emotion.

- ...the primal mysteries of the earth.

ADJ-GRADED

primarily

[D.J.:ˈpraimərili]

[K.K.:praɪˈmɛrəli, -ˈmɛr-]

adv.

主要地, 首要地; 本来

首先

primarily **

primarily
You use primarily to say what is mainly true in a particular situation.

- ...a book aimed primarily at high-energy physicists...

- Public order is primarily an urban problem.

- Investment remains tiny primarily because of the exorbitant cost of land.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV with cl/group
= chiefly essentially

primarily

adverb

1.

chiefly

above all

essentially

fundamentally

generally

largely

mainly

mostly

principally

2.

at first

at or from the start

first and foremost

initially

in the beginning

in the first place

originally

primaries

主翼羽;比较原色

primary

[D.J.:ˈpraiməri]

[K.K.:ˈpraɪˌmɛri, -məri]

adj.

首要的; 主要的; 基本的

最初的; 初级的

primary ***

1. primary
You use primary to describe something that is very important. (FORMAL)

- That's the primary reason the company's share price has held up so well.

- I don't think young people's primary aim in life is to get drunk.

- His misunderstanding of language was the primary cause of his other problems.

- The family continues to be the primary source of care and comfort for people as they grow older.

ADJ: ADJ n
= main

2. primary
Primary education is given to pupils between the ages of 5 and 11. (BRIT; in AM use elementary )

- Britain did not introduce compulsory primary education until 1880.

- Ninety-nine per cent of primary pupils now have hands-on experience of computers.

- ...primary teachers.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. primary
Primary is used to describe something that occurs first.

- It is not the primary tumour that kills, but secondary growths elsewhere in the body.

- They have been barred from primary bidding for clients.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. primary primaries
A primary or a primary election is an election in an American state in which people vote for someone to become a candidate for a political office.

- ...the 1968 New Hampshire primary...

- She won the Democratic primary.

- New York holds its primary election on Tuesday.

N-COUNT

primary

adjective

1.

chief

cardinal

first

greatest

highest

main

paramount

prime

principal

2.

elementary

introductory

rudimentary

simple

primary colour

primary colour primary colours
Primary colours are basic colours that can be mixed together to produce other colours. They are usually considered to be red, yellow, blue, and sometimes green.

- It comes in bright primary colours that kids will love.

N-COUNT: usu pl (AM) primary color

primary school **

primary school primary schools
A primary school is a school for children between the ages of 5 and 11. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use elementary school )

- ...eight-to nine-year-olds in their third year at primary school...

- Greenside Primary School.

N-VAR: oft in names

primate

[D.J.:ˈpraɪmɪt, -ˌmeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpraɪmɪt, -ˌmet]

n.

灵长目动物

大主教

primate *

1. primate primates
A primate is a member of the group of mammals which includes humans, monkeys, and apes.

- The woolly spider monkey is the largest primate in the Americas.

N-COUNT

2. primate primates
The Primate of a particular country or region is the most important priest in that country or region.

- ...the Roman Catholic Primate of All Ireland.

N-COUNT: usu the N of n

prime

[D.J.:praim]

[K.K.:praɪm]

adj.

首要的; 主要的; 基本的

最好的, 第一流的

n.

全盛时期

vt.

使准备好, 使完成准备工作

事先指导, 事先向…提供情况

primed

待发的

primes

一级品

priming

[D.J.:ˈpraimiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpraɪmɪŋ]

n.

雷管,装填物,起爆药,底漆

prime ***

1. prime
You use prime to describe something that is most important in a situation.

- Political stability, meanwhile, will be a prime concern.

- It could be a prime target for guerrilla attack.

- The police will see me as the prime suspect!.

- Prime candidate to take over his job is Margaret Ramsay.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. prime
You use prime to describe something that is of the best possible quality.

- It was one of the City's prime sites, giving a clear view of the Stock Exchange and the Bank of England.

ADJ: ADJ n
= top

3. prime
You use prime to describe an example of a particular kind of thing that is absolutely typical.

- The prime example is Macy's, once the undisputed king of California retailers.

ADJ: ADJ n
= classic

4. prime
If someone or something is in their prime , they are at the stage in their existence when they are at their strongest, most active, or most successful.

- Maybe I'm just coming into my prime now.

- She was in her intellectual prime.

- We've had a series of athletes trying to come back well past their prime.

- ...young persons in the prime of life.

N-UNCOUNT: usu poss N

5. prime primes priming primed
If you prime someone to do something, you prepare them to do it, for example by giving them information about it beforehand.

- Claire wished she'd primed Sarah beforehand.

- Marianne had not known until Arnold primed her for her duties that she was to be the sole female.

- The White House press corps has been primed to leap to the defense of the fired officials.

VB
= brief

6. prime primes priming primed
If someone primes a bomb or a gun , they prepare it so that it is ready to explode or fire.

- He was priming the bomb to go off in an hour's time.

- Tom keeps a primed 10-foot shotgun in his office.

VB

prime

adjective

1.

main

chief

leading

predominant

pre-eminent

primary

principal

2.

best

choice

excellent

first-class

first-rate

highest

quality

select

top

noun

3.

peak

bloom

flower

height

heyday

zenith

verb

4.

inform

brief

clue in informal

fill in informal

notify

tell

5.

prepare

coach

get ready

make ready

train

Prime Minister *****

Prime Minister Prime Ministers
The leader of the government in some countries is called the Prime Minister .

- ...the former Prime Minister of Pakistan, Miss Benazir Bhutto...

- This had been a disastrous week for Prime Minister Major.

N-COUNT: usu the N; N-TITLE; N-VOC
= PM premier

prime mover

prime mover prime movers
The prime mover behind a plan, idea, or situation is someone who has an important influence in starting it.

- He was the prime mover behind the coup.

- He has been named as the prime mover in the conspiracy to murder Carroll.

N-COUNT: usu N behind/in n
= driving force

prime number

prime number prime numbers
In mathematics, a prime number is a whole number greater than 1 that cannot be divided exactly by any whole number except itself and the number 1, for example 17.
N-COUNT

primer

[D.J.:ˈprɪmə]

[K.K.:ˈprɪmɚ]

n.

底漆;打底剂,底层涂料

火帽;雷管

<旧>初级读本;入门书;识字课本

primer

1. primer primers
Primer is a type of paint that is put onto wood in order to prepare it for the main layer of paint.
N-MASS

2. primer primers
A primer is a book containing basic facts about a subject, which is used by someone who is beginning to study that subject. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

prime rate *

prime rate prime rates
A bank's prime rate is the lowest rate of interest which it charges at a particular time and which is offered only to certain customers.

- At least one bank cut its prime rate today.

N-COUNT

prime time *

prime time
Prime time television or radio programmes are broadcast when the greatest number of people are watching television or listening to the radio, usually in the evenings.

- ...a prime-time television show.

- ...prime time viewing in mid-evening.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n also primetime .

primeval

[D.J.:praɪˈmi:vəl]

[K.K.:praɪˈmivəl]

adj.

原始的

太古的,太初的

primevally

adv.

原始地;太古地,太初地

primeval

1. primeval
You use primeval to describe things that belong to a very early period in the history of the world. (FORMAL)

- ...the dense primeval forests that once covered inland Brittany.

- ...a vast expanse of primeval swamp.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also primaeval
= primordial

2. primeval
You use primeval to describe feelings and emotions that are basic and not the result of thought.

- ...a primeval urge to hit out at that which causes him pain.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also primaeval

primeval

adjective

earliest

ancient

early

first

old

prehistoric

primal

primitive

primordial

primitive

[D.J.:ˈprimitiv]

[K.K.:ˈprɪmɪtɪv]

adj.

原始的, 早期的

简单的; 粗糙的

n.

文艺复兴前的画家或雕刻家; 早期的艺术家

原始人, 原始事物

primitive **

1. primitive
Primitive means belonging to a society in which people live in a very simple way, usually without industries or a writing system.

- ...studies of primitive societies.

- ...primitive tribes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. primitive
Primitive means belonging to a very early period in the development of an animal or plant.

- ...primitive whales...

- Primitive humans needed to be able to react like this to escape from dangerous animals.

- It is a primitive instinct to flee a place of danger.

ADJ-GRADED

3. primitive
If you describe something as primitive , you mean that it is very simple in style or very old-fashioned.

- The conditions are primitive by any standards.

- The primitive surgery of those days left him virtually deaf in one ear.

- It's using some rather primitive technology.

ADJ-GRADED
= crude ≠ sophisticated

primitive

adjective

1.

early

earliest

elementary

first

original

primary

primeval

primordial

2.

crude

rough

rudimentary

simple

unrefined

primordial

[D.J.:praɪˈmɔ:di:əl]

[K.K.:praɪˈmɔrdiəl]

adj.

初生的,初发的,原始的

primordial

primordial
You use primordial to describe things that belong to a very early time in the history of the world. (FORMAL)

- Twenty million years ago, Idaho was populated by dense primordial forest.

- ...the original primordial explosion.

ADJ
= primeval

primrose

[D.J.:ˈprɪmˌrəʊz]

[K.K.:ˈprɪmˌroz]

n.

<植>报春花

淡黄色

the primrose path

追求享乐(招至恶果)

primrose *

primrose primroses
A primrose is a wild plant which has pale yellow flowers in the spring.
N-VAR

primula

[ˈprimjulə]

n.

樱草属的植物,樱草属

primula

primula primulas
A primula is a plant that has brightly coloured flowers in the spring.
N-VAR

Primus

Primus
A Primus or a Primus stove is a small cooker or stove that burns paraffin and is often used in camping. (BRIT, TRADEMARK)
N-SING

prince

[D.J.:prins]

[K.K.:prɪns]

n.

王子, 亲王

小国的君主

巨头, 巨子

prince ****

1. prince
A prince is a male member of a royal family, especially the son of the king or queen of a country.

- ...Prince Edward and other royal guests...

- The Prince won warm applause for his ideas.

N-TITLE; N-COUNT

2. prince
A prince is the male royal ruler of a small country or state.

- He was speaking without the prince's authority.

N-TITLE; N-COUNT

3. prince princes
If someone describes a man as the prince of a particular type of work, they mean that he is the best man doing that type of work. (LITERARY)

- To his 19th-century peers, Robert Brown was the prince of botany.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

prince

noun

ruler

lord

monarch

sovereign

Prince Charming

Prince Charming
A woman's Prince Charming is a man who seems to her to be a perfect lover or boyfriend, because he is attractive, kind, and considerate.

- To begin with he was Prince Charming.

N-SING: also no det approval

princely

[D.J.:ˈprɪnsli:]

[K.K.:ˈprɪnsli]

adj.

王子的,王孙的,亲王的;国君的

<正,褒>高贵的,堂皇的;慷慨的

巨大的;庞大的

princely

1. princely
A princely sum of money is a large sum of money.

- It'll cost them the princely sum of seventy-five pounds.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= handsome

2. princely
Princely means belonging to a prince or suitable for a prince.

- It was the embodiment of princely magnificence.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

princely

adjective

1.

regal

imperial

majestic

noble

royal

sovereign

2.

generous

bounteous

gracious

lavish

liberal

munificent

open-handed

rich

princess

[D.J.:prinˈses]

[K.K.:ˈprɪnsɪs, -ˌsɛs, prɪnˈsɛs]

n.

公主; 王妃

princess ****

princess
A princess is a female member of a royal family, usually the daughter of a king or queen or the wife of a prince.

- Princess Anne topped the guest list.

- ...Caroline Lindon, Princess of Monaco.

N-TITLE; N-COUNT

principal

[D.J.:ˈprinsəpəl]

[K.K.:ˈprɪnsəpəl]

adj.

最重要的; 主要的

n.

负责人, 校长

资本, 本金

被代理人, 委托人

principal ***

1. principal
Principal means first in order of importance.

- The principal reason for my change of mind is this.

- ...the country's principal source of foreign exchange earnings...

- Their principal concern is bound to be that of winning the next general election.

ADJ: ADJ n
= main

2. principal principals
The principal of a school, or in Britain the principal of a college, is the person in charge of the school or college.

- Donald King is the principal of Dartmouth High School.

N-COUNT
= head headteacher

principal

adjective

1.

main

cardinal

chief

essential

first

foremost

key

leading

paramount

pre-eminent

primary

prime

noun

2.

head informal

dean

headmaster or headmistress

head teacher

master or mistress

rector

3.

star

lead

leader

4.

capital

assets

money

principality

[D.J.:ˌprinsiˈpæliti]

[K.K.:ˌprɪnsəˈpælɪti]

n.

公国,侯国

principality

principality principalities
A principality is a country that is ruled by a prince.

- ...the tiny principality of Liechtenstein.

N-COUNT

principally

[D.J.:ˈprɪnsəplɪ]

adv.

主要地

principally *

principally
Principally means more than anything else.

- This is principally because the major export markets are slowing.

- Embryonic development seems to be controlled principally by a very small number of master genes.

ADV: ADV with cl/group
= chiefly mainly

principally

adverb

mainly

above all

chiefly

especially

largely

mostly

predominantly

primarily

principle

[D.J.:ˈprinsəpl]

[K.K.:ˈprɪnsəpəl]

n.

原则, 原理

准则, 规范

操守, 道义

工作原理

principle ****

1. principle principles
A principle is a general belief that you have about the way you should behave, which influences your behaviour.

- Buck never allowed himself to be bullied into doing anything that went against his principles.

- ...moral principles...

- It's not just a matter of principle.

- ...a man of principle.

N-VAR: usu poss N, adj N, prep N

2. principle principles
The principles of a particular theory or philosophy are its basic rules or laws.

- ...a violation of the basic principles of Marxism...

- The doctrine was based on three fundamental principles.

N-COUNT: usu N of n, adj N

3. principle principles
Scientific principles are general scientific laws which explain how something happens or works.

- These people lack all understanding of scientific principles.

- ...the principles of quantum theory.

N-COUNT: usu adj N, N of n

4. principle
If you agree with something in principle , you agree in general terms to the idea of it, although you do yet know the details or know if it will be possible.

- I agree with it in principle but I doubt if it will happen in practice.

PHR: usu PHR after v

5. principle
If something is possible in principle , there is no known reason why it should not happen, even though it has not happened before.

- Even assuming this to be in principle possible, it will not be achieved soon.

PHR
= in theory

6. principle
If you refuse to do something on principle , you refuse to do it because of a particular belief that you have.

- He would vote against it on principle.

- His father, on principle, did not like to hear requests for money.

PHR: usu with brd-neg, PHR after v

principle

noun

1.

rule

canon

criterion

doctrine

dogma

fundamental

law

maxim

precept

standard

truth

2.

morals

conscience

integrity

probity

scruples

sense of honour

in principle

3.

in theory

ideally

theoretically

principled

[D.J.:ˈprinsəpld]

[K.K.:ˈprɪnsəpəld]

adj.

原则性强的,有(道德)原则的

principled

principled
If you describe someone as principled , you approve of them because they have strong moral principles.

- She was a strong, principled woman.

- You have to take a principled stand.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

print

[D.J.:print]

[K.K.:prɪnt]

n.

印刷字体

印成的图画, 图案, 版画

(由底片印出的)照片

vt.

印刷, 出版

vt. & vi.

用印刷体写

冲洗(照片)

printed

adj.

印刷的,已印好的

printing

[D.J.:ˈprɪntɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈprɪntɪŋ]

n.

印刷(术)

一次的印数,印刷次数

用印刷体书写的英文字

print ****

1. print prints printing printed
If someone prints something such as a book or newspaper, they produce it in large quantities using a machine.

- He started to print his own posters to distribute abroad.

- The Slovene bank has printed a specimen bank note.

- Our brochure is printed on environmentally-friendly paper.

- We found that television and radio gave rise to far fewer complaints than did the printed media.

VB

2. print up prints up; printing up; printed up
In American English, print up means the same as print .

- Community workers here are printing up pamphlets for peace demonstrations.

- Hey, I know what, I'll get a bumper sticker printed up.

PHR-V

3. printing

- His brother ran a printing and publishing company.

- ...stocks of paper and printing ink.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

4. print prints printing printed
If a newspaper or magazine prints a piece of writing, it includes it or publishes it.

- We can only print letters which are accompanied by the writer's name and address.

- ...a questionnaire printed in the magazine recently.

VB
= published

5. print prints printing printed
If numbers, letters, or designs are printed on a surface, they are put on it in ink or dye using a machine. You can also say that a surface is printed with numbers, letters, or designs.

- ...the number printed on the receipt...

- The company has for some time printed its phone number on its products.

- The shirts were printed with a paisley pattern.

- `Ecu' was printed in lower case rather than capital letters.

VB

6. print prints
A print is a piece of clothing or material with a pattern printed on it. You can also refer to the pattern itself as a print .

- Her mother wore one of her dark summer prints.

- In this living room we've mixed glorious floral prints.

- ...multi-coloured print jackets.

N-COUNT

7. print prints printing printed
When you print a photograph, you produce it from a negative.

- Printing a black-and-white negative on to colour paper produces a similar monochrome effect.

- I selected two negatives to print from.

VB

8. print prints
A print is a photograph from a film that has been developed.

- ...black and white prints of Margaret and Jean as children.

- ...35mm colour print films.

N-COUNT
= photo

9. print prints
A print of a cinema film is a particular copy or set of copies of it.

- First released in 1957, the movie now appears in a new print.

N-COUNT

10. print prints
A print is one of a number of copies of a particular picture. It can be either a photograph, something such as a painting, or a picture made by an artist who puts ink on a prepared surface and presses it against paper.

- ...12 original copper plates engraved by William Hogarth for his famous series of prints.

N-COUNT

11. print
Print is used to refer to letters and numbers as they appear on the pages of a book, newspaper, or printed document.

- ...columns of tiny print...

- Laser printers are popular because of their high quality print and silent working.

N-UNCOUNT

12. print
The print media consists of newspapers and magazines, but not television or radio.

- I have been convinced that the print media are more accurate and more reliable than television.

- ...print journalists.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ broadcasting

13. print prints printing printed
If you print words, you write in letters that are not joined together and that look like the letters in a book or newspaper.

- Print your name and address on a postcard and send it to us.

VB
= write

14. print prints
You can refer to a mark left by someone's foot as a print .

- He crawled from print to print, sniffing at the earth, following the scent left in the tracks.

- ...boot prints.

N-COUNT
= footprint

15. print prints
You can refer to invisible marks left by someone's fingers as their prints .

- Fresh prints of both girls were found in the flat.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= fingerprint

16. print
If you appear in print , or get into print , what you say or write is published in a book, newspaper, or magazine.

- Many of these poets appeared in print only long after their deaths.

- There was no immediate prospect of the diaries getting into print.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

17. print
If a book is in print , copies of it are still being produced.

- Many of their books have been in print for nearly 40 years.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
≠ out of print

18. print
If a book is out of print , copies of it are no longer being produced.

- I believe the book is now out of print, but it can easily be borrowed from libraries.

PHR: v-link PHR
≠ in print

19. print
The small print or the fine print of something such as an advertisement or a contract consists of the technical details and legal conditions, which are often printed in much smaller letters than the rest of the text.

- I'm looking at the small print; I don't want to sign anything that I shouldn't sign.

- The US embassy says the fine print needs to be worked out on the trade agreement between the United States and the European Community.

PHR

printing

printing printings
If copies of a book are printed and published on a number of different occasions, you can refer to each of these occasions as a printing .

- The American edition of `Cloud Street' is already in its third printing.

N-COUNT: oft ord N
See also print .

print

verb

1.

publish

engrave

impress

imprint

issue

mark

stamp

noun

2.

publication

book

magazine

newspaper

newsprint

periodical

printed matter

3.

reproduction

copy

engraving

photo informal

photograph

picture

print out ****

print out prints out; printing out; printed out
If a computer or a machine attached to a computer prints something out , it produces a copy of it on paper.

- You measure yourself, enter measurements and the computer will print out the pattern.

- The images of the moon's surface were transmitted back to earth and printed out.

- I shall just print this out and put it in the post.

PHR-V
See also printout .

printable

[D.J.:ˈprintəb(ə)l]

[K.K.:ˈprɪntəbəl]

adj.

可印刷的

printable

printable
If you say that someone's words or remarks are not printable , you mean that they are likely to offend people, and are therefore not suitable to be repeated in writing or speech. (JOURNALISM)

- His team-mates opened hotel windows, shouting `Jump!' and somewhat less printable banter.

ADJ-GRADED: usu with brd-neg

printed circuit board

printed circuit board printed circuit boards
A printed circuit board is an electronic circuit in which some of the parts and connections consist of thin metal lines and shapes on a thin board. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

printed word

printed word
The printed word is the same as the written word .
N-SING: the N

printer

[D.J.:ˈprɪntə]

[K.K.:ˈprɪntɚ]

n.

印刷业从业人员,印刷工人

印刷机,印照片机

打印机

printer’s ink

油墨;印刷品

printer **

1. printer printers
A printer is a machine that can be connected to a computer in order to make copies on paper of documents or other information held by the computer.
N-COUNT
See also laser printer .

2. printer printers
A printer is a person or company whose job is printing things such as books.

- The manuscript had already been sent off to the printers.

N-COUNT

printing press

printing press printing presses
A printing press is a machine used for printing, especially one that can print books, newspapers, or documents in large numbers.
N-COUNT

printmaking

[D.J.:ˈprintˌmeikiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈprɪntˌmekɪŋ]

n.

版画复制(术)

printmaking

printmaking
Printmaking is an artistic technique which consists of making a series of pictures from an original, or from a specially prepared surface.
N-UNCOUNT

printout

[D.J.:ˈprɪntˌaʊt]

[K.K.:ˈprɪntˌaʊt]

n.

(电脑)打印出来的资料

printout

printout printouts
A printout is a piece of paper on which information from a computer or similar device has been printed.

- ...a computer printout of various financial projections.

N-COUNT also print-out .

print run

print run print runs
In publishing, a print run of something such as a book or a newspaper is the number of copies of it that are printed and published at one time.

- It was launched last year in paperback with an initial print run of 7,000 copies.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, supp N, N of n

print shop

print shop print shops
A print shop is a small business which prints and copies things such as documents and cards for customers.
N-COUNT

prior

[D.J.:ˈpraiə]

[K.K.:ˈpraɪɚ]

adj.

优先的; 在前的; 较早的

prior ***

1. prior
You use prior to indicate that something has already happened, or must happen, before another event takes place.

- He claimed he had no prior knowledge of the protest.

- The Constitution requires the president to seek the prior approval of Congress for military action.

- For the prior year, they reported net income of $1.1 million.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ subsequent

2. prior
A prior claim or duty is more important than other claims or duties and needs to be dealt with first.

- The firm I wanted to use had prior commitments.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. prior
A prior is a monk who is in charge of a priory or a monk who is the second most important person in a monastery.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

4. prior
If something happens prior to a particular time or event, it happens before that time or event. (FORMAL)

- In the car industry, the August sales will involve a build up of stocks prior to this date.

- A man seen hanging around the area prior to the shooting could have been involved.

PHR-PREP
= before

prior

adjective

1.

earlier

foregoing

former

preceding

pre-existent

pre-existing

previous

prior to

2.

before

earlier than

preceding

previous to

prioress

[D.J.:ˈpraiəris]

[K.K.:ˈpraɪərɪs]

n.

大女修道院副院长,小女修道院院长

prioress

prioress
A prioress is a nun who is in charge of a convent.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

prioritize

[D.J.:praiˈɔritaiz]

[K.K.:praɪˈɔrɪˌtaɪz, -ˈɑr-]

vt.

把…区分优先次序

prioritize

1. prioritize prioritizes prioritizing prioritized
If you prioritize something, you treat it as more important than other things.

- The government is prioritising the service sector, rather than investing in industry and production.

VB (BRIT) also prioritise

2. prioritize prioritizes prioritizing prioritized
If you prioritize the tasks that you have to do, you decide which are the most important and do them first.

- Make lists of what to do and prioritize your tasks.

VB (BRIT) also prioritise

priority

[D.J.:praiˈɔriti]

[K.K.:praɪˈɔrɪti, -ˈɑr-]

n.

优先权, 重点

优先考虑的事

priority ***

1. priority priorities
If something is a priority , it is the most important thing you have to do or deal with, or must be done or dealt with before everything else you have to do.

- Being a parent is her first priority.

- The government's priority is to build more power plants.

- Getting your priorities in order is a good way to not waste energy on meaningless pursuits.

N-COUNT

2. priority
If you give priority to something or someone, you treat them as more important than anything or anyone else.

- The school will give priority to science, maths and modern languages.

- The proposals deserve support as they give priority to the needs of children.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to n
= give precedence

3. priority
If something takes priority or has priority over other things, it is regarded as being more important than them and is dealt with first.

- The fight against inflation took priority over measures to combat the deepening recession.

- I disagree with the premise that economic development has priority over the environment.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR over n
= take precedence

priority

noun

precedence

pre-eminence

preference

rank

right of way

seniority

priory

[D.J.:ˈpraiəri]

[K.K.:ˈpraɪəri]

n.

小修道院

priory *

priory priories
A priory is a place where a small group of monks live and work together.

- ...Lindisfarne Priory on Holy Island.

N-COUNT: oft in names after n

priory

noun

monastery

abbey

convent

nunnery

religious house

prism

[D.J.:ˈprɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈprɪzəm]

n.

<数>棱柱体

棱镜

prism

1. prism prisms
A prism is a block of clear glass or plastic which separates the light passing through it into different colours.
N-COUNT

2. prism prisms
If you see something through a prism of something such as time or memory, your idea of it is affected by that thing. (LITERARY)

- Through the smoky prism of time, I could just barely make out my father as a young man.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n

prison

[D.J.:ˈprizən]

[K.K.:ˈprɪzən]

n.

监狱, 看守所

牢笼, 禁锢之地

监禁; 入狱; 坐牢

prison ****

prison prisons
A prison is a building where criminals are kept as punishment or where people accused of a crime are kept before their trial.

- The prison's inmates are being kept in their cells.

- He was sentenced to life in prison.

- They released Mr Mandela from prison in 1990.

- ...the gas chamber at San Quentin Prison.

N-VAR: oft in names after n
= jail

prison

noun

jail

clink slang

confinement

cooler slang

dungeon

jug slang

lockup

nick Brit. slang

penitentiary U.S.

slammer slang

prison camp

1. prison camp prison camps
A prison camp is a guarded camp where prisoners of war or political prisoners are kept.

- He was shot down over Denmark and spent three years in a prison camp.

N-COUNT

2. prison camp prison camps
A prison camp is a prison where the prisoners are not considered dangerous and are allowed to work outside the prison. (AM)
N-COUNT

prisoner

[D.J.:ˈprizənə]

[K.K.:ˈprɪzənɚ, ˈprɪznɚ]

n.

囚徒

俘虏

被夺去自由的人[动物]等

prisoner ****

1. prisoner prisoners
A prisoner is a person who is kept in a prison as a punishment for a crime that they have committed.

- The committee is concerned about the large number of prisoners sharing cells.

N-COUNT
= inmate

2. prisoner prisoners
A prisoner is a person who has been captured by an enemy, for example in war.

- ...wartime hostages and concentration-camp prisoners...

- He was held prisoner in Vietnam from 1966 to 1973.

- He was taken prisoner in North Africa in 1942.

N-COUNT: also hold/take n N
= captive

3. prisoner prisoners
If you say that you are a prisoner of a situation, you mean that your are trapped by it.

- We are all prisoners of our childhood and feel an obligation to it.

- She was a prisoner of her own ego.

N-COUNT: N of n

prisoner

noun

1.

convict

con slang

jailbird

lag slang

2.

captive

detainee

hostage

internee

prisoner of conscience

prisoner of conscience prisoners of conscience
Prisoners of conscience are people who have been put into prison for their political or social beliefs or for breaking the law while protesting against a political or social system.

- The boost to human rights came with the release of prisoners of conscience in Eastern Europe.

N-COUNT
= political prisoner

prisoner of war *

prisoner of war prisoners of war
Prisoners of war are soldiers who have been captured by their enemy during a war and kept as prisoners until the end of the war.
N-COUNT
= POW

prissy

[D.J.:ˈprɪsi:]

[K.K.:ˈprɪsi]

adj.

谨小慎微的,过分讲究的,拘谨的,刻板的

prissily

adv.

prissiness

n.

prissy

prissy prissier prissiest
If you say that someone is prissy , you are critical of them because they are very easily shocked by anything rude or bad. (INFORMAL)

- I grew to dislike the people from my background -- they were rather uptight and prissy.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= prim

prissy

adjective

prim

old-maidish informal

prim and proper

prudish

strait-laced

pristine

[D.J.:ˈprɪsˌti:n, prɪˈsti:n]

[K.K.:ˈprɪsˌtin, prɪˈstin]

adj.

原始状态的;未受损的

新鲜而纯净的, 清新的

原始的;远古的

pristine *

pristine
Pristine things are extremely clean or new. (FORMAL)

- Now the house is in pristine condition.

- ...pristine white shirts.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= immaculate

pristine

adjective

new

immaculate

pure

uncorrupted

undefiled

unspoiled

unsullied

untouched

virginal

privacy

[D.J.:ˈpraivəsi]

[K.K.:ˈpraɪvəsi]

n.

隐居, (不受干扰的)独处

私事, 隐私

privacy **

1. privacy
If you have privacy , you are in a place or situation which allows you to do things without other people seeing you or disturbing you.

- He greatly resented the publication of this book, which he saw as an embarrassing invasion of his privacy.

- Thatched pavilions provide shady retreats for relaxing and reading in privacy.

- ...a collection of over 60 designs to try on in the privacy of your own home.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N

2. privacy
If someone or something invades your privacy , they interfere in your life without your permission.

- He said the press invaded people's privacy unfairly and unjustifiably every day.

PHR: V inflects

privacy

noun

seclusion

isolation

retirement

retreat

solitude

private

[D.J.:ˈpraivit]

[K.K.:ˈpraɪvɪt]

adj.

私人的; 个人的

秘密的

私有的, 私营的

n.

列兵, 士兵

privately

[D.J.:ˈpraɪvɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpraɪvɪtlɪ]

adj.

私下地;不公开地

privates

[ˈpraivətiz]

n.

(从插塞外壳引出的)第三导线

private ****

1. private
Private industries and services are owned or controlled by an individual person or a commercial company, rather than by the state or an official organization.

- ...a joint venture with private industry...

- Bupa runs private hospitals in Britain.

- Brazil says its constitution forbids the private ownership of energy assets.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. privately

- No other European country had so much state ownership and so few privately owned businesses.

- She was privately educated at schools in Ireland and Paris.

ADV: ADV with v

3. private
Private individuals are acting only for themselves, and are not representing any group, company, or organization.

- ...the law's insistence that private citizens are not permitted to have weapons...

- The King was on a private visit to enable him to pray at the tombs of his ancestors.

- The family tried to bring a private prosecution against him for assault.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. private
Your private things belong only to you, or may only be used by you.

- The landowners have had to sell their private aircraft.

- ...They want more State control over private property...

- There are 76 individually furnished bedrooms, all with private bathrooms.

- I took the precaution of clearing out my desk before I left, and only my private secretary knows it.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

5. private
Private places or gatherings may be attended only by a particular group of people, rather than by the general public.

- 673 private golf clubs took part in a recent study.

- The door is marked `Private'.

- Brian Epstein was buried in a private ceremony at Long Lane Cemetery, Liverpool.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ public

6. private
Private meetings, discussions, and other activities involve only a small number of people, and very little information about them is given to other people.

- Don't bug private conversations, and don't buy papers that reprint them.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

7. privately

- Few senior figures have issued any public statements but privately the resignation's been welcomed.

- I had not talked to Winnette privately for weeks.

ADV: usu ADV with cl, also ADV after v

8. private
Your private life is that part of your life that is concerned with your personal relationships and activities, rather than with your work or business.

- I've always kept my private and professional life separate.

- My private affairs are no one's business but my own.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= personal

9. private
Your private thoughts or feelings are ones that you do not talk about to other people.

- We all felt as if we were intruding on his private grief.

- ...the enactment of her private sexual fantasies...

- It's just that it's something very private, and I simply can't talk about it.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

10. privately

- Privately, she worries about whether she's really good enough.

- He had privately resolved he would buy her the dress.

ADV: ADV with cl, ADV with v

11. private
You can use private to describe situations or activities that are understood only by the people involved in them, and not by anyone else.

- Chinese waiters stood in a cluster, sharing a private joke.

- As many as 40 per cent of twins have a private language that excludes the rest of the family.

ADJ: ADJ n

12. private
If you describe a place as private , or as somewhere where you can be private , you mean that it is a quiet place and you can be alone there without being disturbed.

- It was the only reasonably private place they could find.

- ...a very attractive country house set within a uniquely beautiful and private position...

- We were alone, completely private, with not even Angela present.

ADJ-GRADED

13. private
If you describe someone as a private person, you mean that they are very quiet by nature and do not reveal their thoughts and feelings to other people.

- She has always been a rather private person.

- Gould was an intensely private individual.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

14. private
You can use private to describe lessons that are not part of ordinary school activity, and which are given by a teacher to an individual pupil or a small group, usually in return for payment.

- Martial arts: Private lessons: £8 per hour.

- ...Donald Tovey, who took her as his private pupil for the piano.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

15. private
A private is a soldier of the lowest rank in an army or the marines.

- One gunner in each battery was an NCO and the rest were privates.

- ...Private Martin Ferguson.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

16. private privates
Your privates are your genitals. (INFORMAL)

- You should wash your feet and your privates every day.

N-PLURAL: usu poss N
= private parts

17. private
If you do something in private , you do it without other people being present, often because it is something that you want to keep secret.

- Some of what we're talking about might better be discussed in private.

PHR: usu PHR after v

privately *

privately
If you buy or sell something privately , you buy it from or sell it to another person directly, rather than in a shop or through a business.

- The whole process makes buying a car privately as painless as buying from a garage.

- A great deal of food is distributed and sold privately without ever reaching the shops.

ADV: ADV after v
See also private .

private

adjective

1.

exclusive

individual

intimate

own

personal

reserved

special

2.

secret

clandestine

confidential

covert

hush-hush informal

off the record

unofficial

3.

secluded

isolated

secret

separate

sequestered

solitary

private detective

private detective private detectives
A private detective is someone who you can pay to find missing people or do other kinds of investigation for you.

- The money enabled her to hire a private detective to search for evidence that would clear him.

N-COUNT
= private investigator

private enterprise *

private enterprise
Private enterprise is industry and business which is owned by individual people or commercial companies, and not by the government or an official organization.

- ...the government's plans to sell state companies to private enterprise.

N-UNCOUNT

private eye *

private eye private eyes
You can refer to a private detective as a private eye , especially when he or she is a character in a film or story. (INFORMAL)

- Harmon plays a private eye hired by Mimi Rogers to investigate her husband's disappearance.

N-COUNT

private investigator

private investigator private investigators
A private investigator is the same as a private detective .
N-COUNT

Private Member's Bill

Private Member's Bill Private Members' Bills
In Britain, a Private Member's Bill is a law that is proposed by a Member of Parliament acting as an individual rather than as a member of his or her political party.
N-COUNT

private parts

private parts
Your private parts are your genitals. (INFORMAL)
N-PLURAL: usu poss N
= privates

private school *

private school private schools
A private school is a school which is not supported financially by the government and which parents have to pay for their children to go to.

- He attended Eton, the most exclusive private school in Britain.

N-VAR
= public school ≠ state school

private sector **

private sector
The private sector is the part of a country's economy which consists of industries and commercial companies that are not owned or controlled by the government.

- ...small firms in the private sector.

- ...the gap between the salaries of public and private sector employees.

N-SING: the N, N n
≠ public sector state sector

private soldier

private soldier private soldiers
A private soldier is a soldier of the lowest rank in an army or the marines. (FORMAL)

- Sergeants and corporals outnumber private soldiers.

N-COUNT
= private

privation

[D.J.:praɪˈveɪʃən]

[K.K.:praɪˈveʃən]

n.

(生活必需品的)匮乏,贫困

privation

privation
If you suffer privation or privations , you have to live without many of the things that are thought to be necessary in life, such as food, clothing, or comfort. (FORMAL)

- They endured five years of privation during the second world war.

- The privations of monastery life were evident in his appearance.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
= hardship

privatize

[D.J.:ˈpraɪvəˌtaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈpraɪvəˌtaɪz]

vt.

使私有化

privatization

n.

privatize ***

1. privatize privatizes privatizing privatized
If a company, industry, or service that is owned by the state is privatized , the government sells it and makes it a private company.

- The water boards are about to be privatized.

- ...a pledge to privatise the rail and coal industries.

- ...the newly privatized FM radio stations.

VB (BRIT) also privatise
= denationalize ≠ nationalize

2. privatization privatizations

- ...the privatisation of British Rail.

- ...fresh rules governing the conduct of future privatizations.

N-VAR: oft N of n
= denationalization ≠ nationalization

privet

[D.J.:ˈprivit]

[K.K.:ˈprɪvɪt]

n.

女贞

privet

privet
Privet is a type of bush with small leaves that stay green all year round. It is often grown in gardens to form hedges.

- The garden was enclosed by a privet hedge.

N-UNCOUNT

privilege

[D.J.:ˈprivilidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ, ˈprɪvlɪdʒ]

n.

特权, 特别待遇

(因财富和社会地位而仅有部分人享有的)权益

特殊荣幸

privileged

[D.J.:ˈprɪvəlɪdʒd, ˈprɪvlɪdʒd]

[K.K.:ˈprɪvəlɪdʒd, ˈprɪvlɪdʒd]

adj.

保密的, 秘密的

享有特权的

privileging

[ˈprivilidʒiŋ]

n.

(藏卵器或半子囊中)某些核优先配子化作用

privilege **

1. privilege privileges
A privilege is a special right or advantage that only one person or group has.

- The Russian Federation has issued a decree abolishing special privileges for government officials.

- ...the ancient powers and privileges of the House of Commons.

N-COUNT

2. privilege
If you talk about privilege , you are talking about the power and advantage that only a small group of people have, usually because of their wealth or their high social class.

- Pironi was the son of privilege and wealth, and it showed.

- Having been born to privilege in old Hollywood, she was carrying on a family tradition by acting.

N-UNCOUNT

3. privilege
You can use privilege in expressions such as be a privilege or have the privilege when you want to show your appreciation of someone or something or to show your respect.

- It must be a privilege to know such a man.

- I once had the privilege of meeting the late philosopher CLR James.

N-SING
= honour

4. privilege privileges privileging privileged
To privilege someone or something means to treat them better or differently than other people or things rather than treat them all equally.

- We want to privilege them because without the top graduate students, we can't remain a top university.

- They are privileging a tiny number to the disadvantage of the rest.

VB
= favour

privileged **

1. privileged
Someone who is privileged has an advantage or opportunity that most other people do not have, often because of their wealth or high social class.

- They were, by and large, a very wealthy, privileged elite.

- ...I felt very privileged to work at the university.

ADJ-GRADED

2. privileged
The privileged are people who are privileged.

- They are only interested in preserving the power of the privileged and the well off.

- Family problems are found in every class, he said, but were more common among the less privileged.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. privileged
Privileged information is known by only a small group of people, who are not legally required to give it to anyone else.

- The data is privileged information, not to be shared with the general public.

- Mr Nixon argued the tapes were privileged.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= confidential

privilege

noun

right

advantage

claim

concession

due

entitlement

freedom

liberty

prerogative

privileged

adjective

special

advantaged

elite

entitled

favoured

honoured

privy

[D.J.:ˈprivi]

[K.K.:ˈprɪvi]

adj.

个人的

n.

有利害关系的人

privy *

1. privy
If you are privy to something secret, you have been allowed to know about it. (FORMAL)

- Only three people, including a policeman, will be privy to the facts.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n

2. privy privies
A privy is a toilet, especially one that is in a small building outside a house. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

privy

adjective

privy to

1.

informed of

apprised of

aware of

cognizant of

in on

in the know about informal

wise to slang

noun

2.

lavatory

latrine

outside toilet

Privy Council

Privy Council
In Britain, the Privy Council is a group of people who are appointed to advise the king or queen on political affairs.
N-PROPER: the N

prize

[D.J.:praiz]

[K.K.:praɪz]

n.

奖赏, 奖金, 奖品

值得竞争的东西

vt.

珍视, 珍惜

prized

[D.J.:praɪzd]

[K.K.:praɪzd]

adj.

被看作最重要的,被看作最有价值的

prize ****

1. prize prizes
A prize is money or something valuable that is given to someone who has the best results in a competition or game, or as a reward for doing good work.

- You must claim your prize by telephoning our claims line.

- He won first prize at the Leeds Piano Competition.

- He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1985.

- They were going all out for the prize-money, £6,500 for the winning team.

N-COUNT

2. prize
You use prize to describe things that are of such good quality that they win prizes or deserve to win prizes.

- ...a prize bull.

- ...prize blooms.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. prize prizes
You can refer to someone or something as a prize when people consider them to be of great value or importance.

- With no lands of his own, he was no great matrimonial prize.

N-COUNT

4. prize prizes prizing prized
Something that is prized is wanted and admired because it is considered to be very valuable or very good quality.

- Military figures, made out of lead are prized by collectors.

- One of the gallery's most prized possessions is the portrait of Ginevra da Vinci.

VB: usu passive

5. prize prizes prizing prized
If you prize something open or prize it away from a surface, you force it to open or force it to come away from the surface. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use pry )

- He tried to prize the dog's mouth open.

- I prised off the metal rim surrounding one of the dials.

- Your dad would prise bullets out of old dead trees.

VB The spelling prise is also used in British English

6. prize prizes prizing prized
If you prize something such as information out of someone, you persuade them to tell you although they may be very unwilling to. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use pry )

- Alison and I had to prize conversation out of him.

VB The spelling prise is also used in British English

prize

noun

1.

reward

accolade

award

honour

trophy

2.

winnings

haul

jackpot

purse

stakes

adjective

3.

champion

award-winning

best

first-rate

outstanding

top

winning

prize

verb

value

cherish

esteem

hold dear

treasure

prize fight

prize fight prize fights
A prize fight is a boxing match where the boxers are paid to fight, especially one that is not official.

- Banning boxing would achieve nothing, and may result in worse injuries from illegal prize fights.

N-COUNT also prizefight .

prize fighter

prize fighter prize fighters
A prize fighter is a boxer who fights to win money.
N-COUNT also prizefighter .

prize-giving

n.

(学校的)颁奖

prize-giving

prize-giving prize-givings
A prize-giving is a ceremony where prizes are awarded to people who have produced a very high standard of work. (BRIT)

- Neil had been at a prize giving ceremony at a school in Birmingham.

- ...a prize-giving for cattle-breeding.

N-COUNT also prizegiving .

pro

[D.J.:prəʊ]

[K.K.:pro]

n.

赞成的意见, 赞成的理由

quid pro quo

抵偿物；交换物

pro **

1. pro pros
A pro is a professional. (INFORMAL)

- In the professional theater, there is a tremendous need to prove that you're a pro.

- I have enjoyed playing with some of the top pros from Europe and America.

N-COUNT
= professional ≠ amateur

2. pro
A pro player is a professional sportsman or woman. You can also use pro to refer to sports that are played by professional sportsmen or women. (AM)

- ...a former college and pro basketball player...

- Corsin played pro football for nine years.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. pro
If you are pro a particular course of action or belief, you agree with it or support it. (mainly BRIT)

- They're still very pro the Communist party.

PREP
= for ≠ against

4. pro
The pros and cons of something are its advantages and disadvantages, which you consider carefully so that you can make a sensible decision.

- They sat for hours debating the pros and cons of setting up their own firm.

- Motherhood has both its pros and cons.

PHR: PHR after v, oft PHR of -ing/n

pro-

[D.J.:prəʊ]

[K.K.:pro]

pref.

表示“居前,领先”之义

pro-

pro-
You can add pro- to adjectives and nouns in order to form adjectives that describe people who support or admire a particular person, system, or idea.

- He was at the forefront of the pro-democracy campaign in the country.

- Younger voters are strongly pro-European.

- The mood of the crowd was essentially pro-Agassi.

PREFIX

proactive

[D.J.:ˌprəuˈæktiv]

[K.K.:proˈæktɪv]

adj.

前摄的

proactive

proactive
Proactive actions are intended to cause changes, rather than just reacting to change.

- In order to survive the competition a company should be proactive not reactive.

- Industry must adopt a much more proactive approach to formulating environmental policy.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ reactive

pro-am

[D.J.:ˈprəʊˌæm]

[K.K.:ˈproˌæm]

n.

职业选手和业余选手混合赛

pro-am

pro-am pro-ams
A pro-am is a sports competition in which professional and amateur players compete together.

- ...a sponsored pro-am golf tournament.

N-COUNT: oft N n also pro am .

probabilistic

[D.J.:ˌprɔbəbiˈlistik]

[K.K.:ˌprɑbəbəˈlɪstɪk]

adj.

盖然论的,或然说的

probabilistic

probabilistic
Probabilistic actions, methods, or arguments are based on the idea that you cannot be certain about results or future events but you can judge whether or not they are likely, and act on the basis of this judgement. (FORMAL)

- ...probabilistic exposure to risk.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

probability

[D.J.:ˌprɔbəˈbiliti]

[K.K.:ˌprɑbəˈbɪlɪti]

n.

可能性, 可能发生的事

〈数〉概率

probability *

1. probability probabilities
The probability of something happening is how likely it is to happen, sometimes expressed as a fraction or a percentage.

- Without a transfusion, the victim's probability of dying was 100%.

- The probabilities of crime or victimization are higher with some situations than with others.

- You cannot prove conclusively that Sellafield caused cancer. You can only work on the basis of probability.

N-VAR
= likelihood

2. probability probabilities
You say that there is a probability that something will happen when it is likely to happen.

- There's an excellent probability that unless action is quickly taken, pipes will freeze.

- If you've owned property for several years, the probability is that values have increased.

- Formal talks are still said to be a possibility, not a probability.

- His story-telling can push the bounds of probability a bit far at times.

N-VAR vagueness

3. probability
If you say that something will happen in all probability , you mean that you think it is very likely to happen.

- The Republicans had better get used to the fact that in all probability, they are going to lose.

- In all probability, the final upturn in their fortunes is some months away yet.

PHR: PHR with cl vagueness

probability

noun

likelihood

chance(s)

expectation

liability

likeliness

odds

prospect

probable

[D.J.:ˈprɔbəbl]

[K.K.:ˈprɑbəbəl]

adj.

很可能的, 大概的; 或有的

probable *

1. probable
If you say that something is probable , you mean that it is likely to be true or likely to happen.

- It is probable that the medication will suppress the symptom without treating the condition.

- She does not want to be taken to an optician with the probable result of having to wear glasses.

- An airline official said a bomb was the incident's most probable cause.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ that vagueness
= likely ≠ unlikely

2. probable
You can use probable to describe a role or function that someone or something is likely to have.

- The Socialists united behind their probable presidential candidate, Michel Rocard.

ADJ: ADJ n
= likely

probable

adjective

likely

apparent

credible

feasible

plausible

possible

presumable

reasonable

probably

[D.J.:ˈprɔbəbli]

[K.K.:ˈprɑbəbli]

adv.

大概; 或许; 可能

probably *****

1. probably
If you say that something is probably the case, you think that it is likely to be the case, although you are not sure.

- The White House probably won't make this plan public until July.

- Van Gogh is probably the best-known painter in the world.

- ...a new and probably highly dangerous development in the area.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group vagueness

2. probably
You can use probably when you want to make your opinion sound less forceful or definite, so that you do not offend people.

- What would he think of their story. He'd probably think she and Lenny were both crazy!

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group vagueness

probably

adverb

likely

doubtless

maybe

most likely

perchance archaic

perhaps

possibly

presumably

probate

[D.J.:ˈprəʊˌbeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈproˌbet]

n.

遗嘱检验;经检验的遗嘱文本

probate

probate
Probate is the act or process of officially proving a will to be valid.

- Probate cases can go on for two years or more.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

probation

[D.J.:prəˈbeiʃən]

[K.K.:proˈbeʃən]

n.

缓刑(期), (以观后效的)察看

试用(期), 试读(期)

probation *

1. probation
Probation is a period of time during which a person who has committed a crime has to obey the law and be supervised by a probation officer, rather than being sent to prison.

- A young woman admitted three theft charges and was put on probation for two years.

N-UNCOUNT

2. probation
Probation is a period of time during which someone is judging your character and ability while you work, in order to see if you are suitable for that type of work.

- Employee appointment to the Council will be subject to a term of probation of 6 months.

- After a further four-month extension of her probation period, she was sacked.

N-UNCOUNT

probation

noun

trial period

apprenticeship

trial

probationary

[prəuˈbeiʃənəri]

adj.

试用的,缓刑的

probationary

probationary
A probationary period is a period after someone starts a job, during which their employer can decide whether the person is suitable and should be allowed to continue.

- The National Union of Teachers said it wanted the probationary period extended to two years.

ADJ: ADJ n
= trial

probationer

[D.J.:prəˈbeiʃənə]

[K.K.:proˈbeʃənɚ]

n.

试读生,缓刑犯

probationer

1. probationer probationers
A probationer is someone who has been found guilty of committing a crime but is on probation rather than in prison.
N-COUNT

2. probationer probationers
A probationer is someone who is still being trained to do a job and is on trial.

- He was a probationer policeman before he decided to return to his job as security guard.

N-COUNT

probation officer *

probation officer probation officers
A probation officer is a person whose job is to supervise and help people who have committed crimes and been put on probation.
N-COUNT

probe

[D.J.:prəub]

[K.K.:prob]

n.

探索, 调查

探针, 探测器

vt. & vi.

探索; 用探针(或探测器等)探查, 探测

probing

[D.J.:ˈprəʊbɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈprobɪŋ]

adj.

探索的,寻根究底的;寻求真理的;(问题)深入锐利的

probe **

1. probe probes probing probed
If you probe into something, you ask questions or try to discover facts about it.

- The more they probed into his background, the more inflamed their suspicions would become.

- For three years, I have probed for understanding.

- The Office of Fair Trading has been probing banking practices.

- The form asks probing questions.

VB

2. probe probes
Also a noun.

- ...a federal grand-jury probe into corruption within the FDA.

N-COUNT

3. probing probings

- If he remains here, he'll be away from the press and their probings.

N-COUNT

4. probe probes probing probed
If a doctor or dentist probes , he or she uses a long instrument to examine part of a patient's body.

- The surgeon would pick up his instruments, probe, repair and stitch up again.

- Dr Amid probed around the sensitive area.

- A doctor probed deep in his shoulder wound for shrapnel.

VB

5. probe probes
A probe is a long thin instrument that doctors and dentists use to examine parts of the body.

- ...a fibre-optic probe.

N-COUNT

6. probe probes probing probed
If you probe a place, you search it in order to find someone or something that you looking for.

- A flashlight beam probed the underbrush only yards away from their hiding place.

- I probed around for some time in the bushes.

VB

7. probe probes probing probed
In a conflict such as a war, if one side probes another side's defences, they try to find their weaknesses, for example by attacking them in specific areas using a small number of troops. (JOURNALISM)

- He probes the enemy's weak positions, ignoring his strongholds.

- Squads of prison officers have been probing the rioters' defences.

VB

8. probe probes
Also a noun.

- Small probes would give the allied armies some combat experience before the main battle started.

N-COUNT

9. probe probes
A space probe is a spacecraft which travels into space with no people in it, usually in order to study the planets and send information about them back to earth.

- Its rings were discovered by telescope from Earth, but space probes later found that spectacular rings surround some other planets.

- The Pioneer probes have on board ultra-violet instruments which are measuring light that we can't measure on the earth.

N-COUNT: usu n N

probe

verb

1.

examine

explore

go into

investigate

look into

scrutinize

search

2.

explore

feel around

poke

prod

noun

3.

examination

detection

exploration

inquiry

investigation

scrutiny

study

probity

[D.J.:ˈprəʊbɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈprobɪti]

n.

正直,诚实

probity

probity
Probity is a high standard of correct moral behaviour. (FORMAL)

- He asserted his innocence and his financial probity.

N-UNCOUNT

problem

[D.J.:ˈprɔbləm]

[K.K.:ˈprɑbləm]

n.

问题, 疑难问题

习题, 思考题, 讨论题

problem *****

1. problem problems
A problem is a situation that is unsatisfactory and causes difficulties for people.

- ...the economic problems of the inner city...

- The main problem is unemployment.

- He told Americans that solving the energy problem was very important.

- I do not have a simple solution to the drug problem.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of/with n

2. problem problems
A problem is a puzzle that requires logical thought or mathematics to solve it.

- With mathematical problems, you can save time by approximating.

N-COUNT

3. problem
Problem children or problem families have serious problems or cause serious problems for other people.

- In some cases a problem child is placed in a special school.

- She is afraid to contact the social services in case they are labelled a problem family.

ADJ: ADJ n
= difficult

4. problem
You say ` no problem ' to show that you are willing to do what you have been asked. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- `Can you repair it?' - `No problem'.

- If the property needs a new dishwasher, no problem, just put it on a credit card.

CONVENTION

5. problem
You say ` no problem ' to let someone know that you do not mind them doing something they have said they are going to do. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- `I ought to think about going actually. If that's all right with you.' - `Yeah. No problem.'.

- If they don't want to speak to me, fine. No problem.

CONVENTION

problem

noun

1.

difficulty

complication

dilemma

dispute

predicament

quandary

trouble

2.

puzzle

conundrum

enigma

poser

question

riddle

problematic

[D.J.:ˌprɔbləˈmætɪk]

[K.K.:ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk]

adj.

成问题的;有疑问的;阴暗的

problematically

adv.

成问题地,有疑问地

problematic *

problematic
Something that is problematic involves problems and difficulties.

- Some places are more problematic than others for women traveling alone.

- ...the problematic business of running an economy.

ADJ-GRADED
= problematical

problematic

adjective

tricky

debatable

doubtful

dubious

problematical

puzzling

problematical

adj.

问题的,有疑问的

problematical

problematical
Problematical means the same as problematic . (FORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED

procedural

[D.J.:prəˈsi:dʒərəl]

[K.K.:prəˈsidʒərəl]

adj.

程序上的

procedural *

procedural
Procedural means involving a formal procedure. (FORMAL)

- A Spanish judge rejected the suit on procedural grounds.

- The Paris talks will mainly be about procedural matters.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

procedure

[D.J.:prəˈsi:dʒə]

[K.K.:prəˈsidʒɚ]

n.

程序, 步骤

手续

procedures

规程

procedure ***

procedure procedures
A procedure is a way of doing something, especially the usual or correct way.

- A biopsy is usually a minor surgical procedure.

- Police insist that Michael did not follow the correct procedure in applying for a visa.

- The White House said there would be no change in procedure.

N-VAR
= practice

procedure

noun

method

action

conduct

course

custom

modus operandi

policy

practice

process

routine

strategy

system

proceed

[D.J.:prəˈsi:d]

[K.K.:proˈsid, prə-]

vi.

前进; 行进

进行; 继续下去

proceeding

[D.J.:prəˈsi:diŋ]

[K.K.:proˈsidɪŋ, prə-]

n.

进程, 过程, 议程

诉讼, 诉讼程序

会议记录; 公报

proceeds

[D.J.:ˈprəʊsi:dz]

n.

(买卖等的)收入,收益

proceed ***

1. proceed proceeds proceeding proceeded
If you proceed to do something, you do it, often after doing something else first.

- He proceeded to tell me of my birth.

- He asked for ice for his whiskey and proceeded to get contentedly drunk.

VB

2. proceed proceeds proceeding proceeded
If you proceed with a course of action, you continue with it. (FORMAL)

- The group proceeded with a march they knew would lead to bloodshed.

- The trial has been delayed until November because the defence is not ready to proceed.

VB
= continue

3. proceed proceeds proceeding proceeded
If an activity, process, or event proceeds , it goes on and does not stop.

- The ideas were not new. Their development had proceeded steadily since the war.

- Efforts to reform the Interior Ministry have not yet proceeded very far.

VB

4. proceed proceeds proceeding proceeded
If you proceed in a particular direction, you go in that direction. (FORMAL)

- She climbed the steps and proceeded along the upstairs hallway.

- The freighter was allowed to proceed after satisfying them that it was not breaking sanctions.

VB
= continue

5. proceed proceeds
The proceeds of an event or activity are the money that has been obtained from it.

- The proceeds of the arms sales were then funneled to Contra fighters in Central America.

- The proceeds from the concert will go towards famine relief.

N-PLURAL: the N, oft the N of/from n

proceeding **

1. proceeding proceedings
Legal proceedings are legal action taken against someone. (FORMAL)

- ...criminal proceedings against the former prime minister...

- The Council had brought proceedings to stop the store from trading on Sundays.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. proceeding proceedings
The proceedings are an organized series of events that take place in a particular place. (FORMAL)

- The proceedings of the enquiry will take place in private.

- He viewed the proceedings with doubt and alarm.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu the N

3. proceeding proceedings
You can refer to a written record of the discussions at a meeting or conference as the proceedings .

- The Department of Transport is to publish the conference proceedings.

N-PLURAL: the N
= minutes

proceed

verb

1.

go on

carry on

continue

go ahead

move on

press on

progress

2.

arise

come

derive

emanate

flow

issue

originate

result

spring

stem

proceeding

noun

1.

action

act

deed

measure

move

procedure

process

step

proceedings

2.

business

account

affairs

archives

doings

minutes

records

report

transactions

proceeds

plural noun

income

earnings

gain

products

profit

returns

revenue

takings

yield

process

[D.J.:ˈprəuses]

[K.K.:ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs]

n.

过程, 进程

工序, 制作法

vt.

加工; 处理

vi.

列队行进

processing

[D.J.:prəʊˈsesɪŋ]

n.

(数据)处理, 加工

整理, 调整, 配合, 变换

配置, 操作

选矿

工艺(生产方法)设计, 工艺过程

机组作业线上精整带材的过程

搬运

process *****

1. process processes
A process is a series of actions which are carried out in order to achieve a particular result.

- There was total agreement to start the peace process as soon as possible.

- They decided to spread the building process over three years.

- The best way to proceed is by a process of elimination.

N-COUNT: oft supp N, N of n

2. process processes
A process is a series of things which happen naturally and result in a biological or chemical change.

- It occurs in elderly men, apparently as part of the ageing process.

- The regularity with which this occurs suggests that the process is genetically determined.

N-COUNT

3. process processes processing processed
When raw materials or foods are processed , they are prepared in factories before they are used or sold.

- ...fish which are processed by the best methods: from freezing to canning and smoking...

- The material will be processed into plastic pellets.

- ...diets high in refined and processed foods.

VB

4. process processes
Also a noun.

- ...the cost of re-engineering the production process.

N-COUNT

5. processing

- America sent cotton to England for processing.

- ...nuclear fuel processing plant.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

6. process processes processing processed
When people process information, they put it through a system or into a computer in order to deal with it.

- ...facilities to process the data, and the right to publish the results...

- The information gathered by the telescopes will be processed by computers.

VB

7. processing

- ...data processing...

- The advances in communications altered the nature of information processing.

N-UNCOUNT: supp N
See also word processing .

8. process processes processing processed
When people are processed by officials, their case is dealt with in stages and they pass from one stage of the process to the next.

- Patients took more than two hours to be processed through the department.

VB: usu passive

9. process
If you are in the process of doing something, you have started to do it and are still doing it.

- The administration is in the process of drawing up a peace plan.

- Her novel is in the process of being turned into a television series.

PHR: V inflects, usu v-link PHR

10. process
If you are doing something and you do something else in the process , you do the second thing as part of doing the first thing.

- He finished ahead of the Spaniard, and in the process picked up his first time trial win as a pro.

- You have to let us struggle for ourselves, even if we must die in the process.

PHR: PHR with cl

process

noun

1.

procedure

action

course

manner

means

measure

method

operation

performance

practice

system

2.

development

advance

evolution

growth

movement

progress

progression

verb

3.

handle

deal with

fulfil

processed cheese

processed cheese processed cheeses
Processed cheese is cheese that has been specially made so that it can be sold and stored in large quantities. It is sometimes sold in the form of single wrapped slices.
N-MASS

procession

[D.J.:prəˈseʃən]

[K.K.:prəˈsɛʃən]

n.

队伍, 行列

列队行进

procession **

procession processions
A procession is a group of people who are walking, riding, or driving in a line as part of a public event.

- ...a funeral procession.

- ...religious processions.

N-COUNT

procession

noun

parade

cavalcade

cortege

file

march

train

processional

[D.J.:prəˈseʃənl]

[K.K.:prəˈsɛʃənəl]

adj.

供(宗教)游行用的; 列队行进的

processional

processional
Processional means used for or taking part in a ceremonial procession.

- The processional route along the town's main streets was festooned with flowers.

ADJ: ADJ n

processor

[D.J.:ˈprɔsˌesə, ˈprəʊˌses-]

[K.K.:ˈprɑsˌɛsɚ, ˈproˌsɛs-]

n.

加工、处理事物的人〔设备、产业〕

(计算机的)中央处理器

processor data

数据处理机

processor **

1. processor processors
A processor is the part of a computer that interprets commands and performs the processes the user has requested.
N-COUNT
= CPU

See also word processor .

2. processor processors
A processor is someone or something which carries out a process.

- The frozen-food industry could be supplied entirely by growers and processors outside the country.

N-COUNT

pro-choice

[D.J.:prəuˈtʃɔis]

[K.K.:proˈtʃɔɪs]

adj.

主张人工流产为合法的

pro-choice

pro-choice
Someone who is pro-choice thinks that women have a right to choose whether or not to give birth to a child they have conceived, and to have an abortion if they do not want the child.

- ...the pro-choice movement...

- most of the electorate is pro-choice.

ADJ also prochoice
≠ pro-life

proclaim

[D.J.:prəˈkleim]

[K.K.:proˈklem, prə-]

vt.

正式宣布

显示

proclaim **

1. proclaim proclaims proclaiming proclaimed
If people proclaim something, they formally make it known to the public.

- The Boers rebelled against British rule, proclaiming their independence on 30 December 1880.

- Britain proudly proclaims that it is a nation of animal lovers.

- He still proclaims himself a believer in the Revolution.

VB
= declare announce

2. proclaim proclaims proclaiming proclaimed
If you proclaim something, you state it in an emphatic way.

- `I think we have been heard today,' he proclaimed.

- He confidently proclaims that he is offering the best value in the market.

VB

proclaim

verb

declare

advertise

announce

circulate

herald

indicate

make known

profess

publish

proclamation

[D.J.:ˌprɔkləˈmeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌprɑkləˈmeʃən]

n.

宣布,声明,公告

proclamation *

proclamation proclamations
A proclamation is a public announcement about something important, often about something of national importance.

- The proclamation of independence was broadcast over the radio.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= declaration announcement

proclamation

noun

declaration

announcement

decree

edict

notice

notification

pronouncement

publication

proclivity

[D.J.:prəʊˈklɪvɪti:]

[K.K.:proˈklɪvɪti]

n.

倾向,癖性

proclivity

proclivity proclivities
A proclivity is a tendency to behave in a particular way or to like a particular thing, often a bad way or thing. (FORMAL)

- He was indulging his own sexual proclivities.

- ...a proclivity to daydream.

N-COUNT
= tendency

procrastinate

[D.J.:prəʊˈkræstəˌneɪt, prə-]

[K.K.:proˈkræstəˌnet, prə-]

vi.

拖延,耽搁

procrastination

n.

procrastination

[prəuˌkræstiˈneiʃən]

n.

延迟,拖延

procrastinate

1. procrastinate procrastinates procrastinating procrastinated
If you procrastinate , you keep leaving things you should do until later, often because you do not want to do them. (FORMAL)

- Most often we procrastinate when faced with something we do not want to do.

VB
= stall

2. procrastination

- He hates delay and procrastination in all its forms.

N-UNCOUNT

procrastinate

verb

delay

dally

drag one's feet informal

gain time

play for time

postpone

put off

stall

temporize

procreate

[D.J.:ˈprəʊkri:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈprokriˌet]

vt. & vi.

生(儿、女),生育,生殖

procreation

n.

procreative

adj.

procreation

n.

生产,生殖

procreative

[D.J.:ˈprəukrieitiv]

[K.K.:ˈprokriˌetɪv]

adj.

生产的,有生殖力的

procreate

1. procreate procreates procreating procreated
When animals or people procreate , they produce young or babies. (FORMAL)

- Most young women feel a biological need to procreate.

VB
= reproduce

2. procreation

- Early marriage and procreation are no longer discouraged there.

N-UNCOUNT
= reproduction

procurator

[D.J.:ˈprɔkjuəreitə]

[K.K.:ˈprɑkjəˌretɚ]

n.

代理人

procurator

procurator procurators
A procurator is an administrative official with legal powers, especially in the former Soviet Union, the Roman Catholic Church, or the ancient Roman Empire.
N-COUNT

procurator fiscal

procurator fiscal procurators fiscal
In the Scottish legal system, the procurator fiscal is a public official who puts people on trial.
N-COUNT: usu the N

procure

[D.J.:prəʊˈkjʊə, prə-]

[K.K.:proˈkjʊr, prə-]

vt.

(努力)取得, (设法)获得

vt. & vi.

拉皮条

procure *

1. procure procures procuring procured
If you procure something, especially something that is difficult to get, you obtain it. (FORMAL)

- It remained very difficult to procure food, fuel and other daily necessities.

VB

2. procure procures procuring procured
If someone procures a prostitute, they introduce the prostitute to a client.

- He procured girls of 16 and 17 to be mistresses for his influential friends.

VB

procure

verb

obtain

acquire

buy

come by

find

gain

get

pick up

purchase

score slang

secure

win

procurement

[D.J.:prəˈkjʊəment]

n.

获得;采购

procurement *

procurement
Procurement is the act of obtaining something such as supplies for an army or other organization. (FORMAL)

- Russia was cutting procurement of new weapons `by about 80 per cent', he said.

N-UNCOUNT
= acquisition

prod

[D.J.:prɔd]

[K.K.:prɑd]

vt. & vi.

刺, 戳

vt.

刺激;促使

prod at

(用手指或尖物)戳，捅，杵

prod *

1. prod prods prodding prodded
If you prod someone or something, you give them a quick push with your finger or with a pointed object.

- He prodded Murray with the shotgun.

- Prod the windowsills to check for signs of rot.

- Cathy was prodding at a boiled egg.

VB
= poke

2. prod prods
Also a noun.

- He gave the donkey a mighty prod in the backside.

N-COUNT
= poke

3. prod prods prodding prodded
If you prod someone into doing something, you remind or persuade them to do it.

- The report was a shock tactic to prod the Government into spending more on the Health Service.

- `I thought a nice cosy dinner for two,' he said. That prodded her to say: `Where has Mora gone, then?'

VB
= stimulate stir

4. prodding

- She did her chores without prodding.

N-UNCOUNT
= prompting

prod

verb

1.

poke

dig

drive

jab

nudge

push

shove

2.

prompt

egg on

goad

impel

incite

motivate

move

rouse

spur

stimulate

urge

noun

3.

poke

dig

jab

nudge

push

shove

4.

prompt

cue

reminder

signal

stimulus

prodigal

[D.J.:ˈprɔdɪgəl]

[K.K.:ˈprɑdɪɡəl]

adj.

浪费的;铺张的;挥霍的

慷慨的, 不吝啬的

a/the prodigal son

回头的浪子；改邪归正的人

prodigal

1. prodigal
You can describe someone as a prodigal son or daughter if they leave their family or friends, often after a period of behaving badly, and then return at a later time as a better person. (LITERARY)

- ...the parable of the prodigal son.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. prodigal prodigals
Also a noun.

- ...the prodigal had returned.

N-COUNT

3. prodigal
Someone who behaves in a prodigal way spends a lot of money carelessly without thinking about what will happen when they have none left.

- Prodigal habits die hard.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

prodigal

adjective

extravagant

excessive

immoderate

improvident

profligate

reckless

spendthrift

wasteful

prodigious

[D.J.:prəˈdɪdʒəs]

[K.K.:prəˈdɪdʒəs]

adj.

异常的,惊人的,奇异的;巨大的

prodigiously

adv.

异常地,惊人地;巨大地

prodigious *

1. prodigious
Something that is prodigious is very large or impressive. (LITERARY)

- This business generates cash in prodigious amounts.

- He impressed all who met him with his prodigious memory.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. prodigiously

- She ate prodigiously.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adv/adj

prodigious

adjective

1.

huge

colossal

enormous

giant

gigantic

immense

massive

monstrous

vast

2.

wonderful

amazing

exceptional

extraordinary

fabulous

fantastic informal

marvellous

phenomenal

remarkable

staggering

prodigy

[D.J.:ˈprɔdidʒi]

[K.K.:ˈprɑdədʒi]

n.

奇才; 天才(尤指神童)

prodigy *

prodigy prodigies
A prodigy is someone young who has a great natural ability for something such as music, mathematics, or sport.

- The Russian tennis prodigy is well on the way to becoming the youngest world champion of all time.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

prodigy

noun

1.

genius

mastermind

talent

whizz informal

wizard

2.

wonder

marvel

miracle

phenomenon

sensation

produce

[D.J.:prəˈdju:s]

[K.K.:prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro-]

vt. & vi.

生产, 产生, 出产

制作, 创作

vt.

出示, 提供

引起; 导致

出版; 上演

n.

产品, 农产品

produced

[prəˈdju:st]

adj.

(叶子等)畸形伸长的,引长的

producing

n.

生产的

produce *****

1. produce produces producing produced
To produce something means to cause it to happen.

- The drug is known to produce side-effects in women.

- Talks aimed at producing a new world trade treaty have been under way for six years.

VB
= bring about

2. produce produces producing produced
If you produce something, you make or create it.

- The company produced circuitry for communications systems.

- I'm quite pleased that we do have the capacity to produce that much food.

VB

3. produce produces producing produced
When things or people produce something, it comes from them or slowly forms from them, especially as the result of a biological or chemical process.

- These plants are then pollinated and allowed to mature and produce seed.

- Acid rain forms when gases produced by burning coal and oil are dissolved in the atmosphere.

VB

4. produce produces producing produced
If you produce evidence or an argument, you show it or explain it to people in order to make them agree with you.

- They challenged him to produce evidence to support his allegations.

- Scientists have produced powerful arguments against his ideas.

VB
= come up with

5. produce produces producing produced
If you produce an object from somewhere, you show it or bring it out so that it can be seen.

- To hire a car you must produce a passport and a current driving licence.

- She produced the knife during arguments with her friends.

VB

6. produce produces producing produced
If someone produces something such as a film, a magazine, or a record, they organize it and decide how it should be done.

- He has produced his own sports magazine called Yes Sport.

- He produced `A Chorus Line', Broadway's longest running show.

VB

7. produce
Produce is food or other things that are grown in large quantities to be sold.

- We manage to get most of our produce in Britain.

- Winter produce will cost more for the next few weeks.

N-UNCOUNT

produce

verb

1.

cause

bring about

effect

generate

give rise to

2.

bring forth

bear

beget

breed

deliver

3.

show

advance

demonstrate

exhibit

offer

present

4.

make

compose

construct

create

develop

fabricate

invent

manufacture

5.

present

direct

do

exhibit

mount

put on

show

stage

noun

6.

fruit and vegetables

crop

greengrocery

harvest

product

yield

producer

[D.J.:prəˈdu:sə, -ˈdju:-, prəʊ-]

[K.K.:prəˈdusɚ, -ˈdju-, pro-]

n.

生产者, 制造者

制片人

producer ****

1. producer producers
A producer is a person whose job is to produce plays, films, programmes, or records.

- Vanya Kewley is a freelance film producer.

- ...Mike Morley, the producer of Central Television's Dennis Nilsen documentary.

N-COUNT

2. producer producers
A producer of a food or material is a company or country that grows or manufactures a large amount of it.

- The estate is generally a producer of high quality wines.

- ...Saudi Arabia, the world's leading oil producer.

N-COUNT

producer

noun

1.

director

impresario

2.

maker

farmer

grower

manufacturer

product

[D.J.:ˈprɔdʌkt]

[K.K.:ˈprɑdəkt]

n.

产品, 产物

乘积

product *****

1. product products
A product is something that is produced and sold in large quantities, often as a result of a manufacturing process.

- Try to get the best product at the lowest price.

- South Korea's imports of consumer products jumped 33% in this year.

N-COUNT

2. product products
If you say that someone or something is a product of a situation or process, you mean that the situation or process has had a significant effect in making them what they are.

- We are all products of our time.

- The bank is the product of a 1971 merger of two Japanese banks.

N-COUNT: N of n

product

noun

1.

goods

artefact

commodity

creation

invention

merchandise

produce

work

2.

result

consequence

effect

outcome

upshot

production

[D.J.:prəˈdʌkʃən]

[K.K.:prəˈdʌkʃən, pro-]

n.

生产, 制作; 产量

产品, 作品

出示, 提供

production ****

1. production
Production is the process of manufacturing or growing something in large quantities.

- That model won't go into production before late 1990.

- ...tax incentives to encourage domestic production of oil.

N-UNCOUNT: oft into N

2. production
Production is the amount of goods manufactured or grown by a company or country.

- We needed to increase the volume of production.

- It expected to maintain production of cars at the same level as last year.

N-UNCOUNT
= output

3. production
The production of something is its creation as the result of a natural process.

- These proteins stimulate the production of blood cells.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

4. production
Production is the process of organizing and preparing a play, film, programme, or record, in order to present it to the public.

- During the film's production, the director wanted to shoot a riot scene but the filming was blocked.

- She is head of the production company.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

5. production productions
A production is a play, opera, or other show that is performed in a theatre.

- For this production she has learnt the role in Spanish.

- ...a critically proclaimed production of Othello.

N-COUNT

6. production
When you can do something on production of or on the production of documents, you need to show someone those documents in order to be able to do that thing.

- Entry to the show is free to members on production of their membership cards.

PHR: PHR n
= on presentation of

production

noun

1.

producing

construction

creation

fabrication

formation

making

manufacture

manufacturing

2.

presentation

direction

management

staging

production line *

production line production lines
A production line is an arrangement of machines in a factory where the products pass from machine to machine until they are finished.

- Their first car rolls off the production line on December 16.

N-COUNT
= assembly line

productive

[D.J.:prəˈdʌktiv]

[K.K.:prəˈdʌktɪv, pro-]

adj.

多产的, 富饶的

富有成效的; 有益的

productively

adv.

有结果地,有成果地

productive **

1. productive
Someone or something that is productive produces or does a lot for the amount of resources used.

- Training makes workers highly productive.

- More productive farmers have been able to provide cheaper food.

- ...fertile and productive soils.

ADJ-GRADED

2. productively

- The company is certain to reinvest its profits productively.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. productive
If you say that a relationship between people is productive , you mean that a lot of good or useful things happen as a result of it.

- He was hopeful that the next round of talks would also be productive.

- I was sorry he had left, although I soon developed a productive relationship with his successors.

ADJ-GRADED
= fruitful

4. productively

- They feel they are interacting productively with elderly patients.

ADV: ADV with v

5. productive
Something that is productive of a situation or feeling creates it. (FORMAL)

- Land, labor and capital are all productive of wealth.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of n

productive

adjective

1.

fertile

creative

fecund

fruitful

inventive

plentiful

prolific

rich

2.

useful

advantageous

beneficial

constructive

effective

profitable

rewarding

valuable

worthwhile

productivity

[D.J.:ˌprɔdʌkˈtiviti]

[K.K.:ˌprodʌkˈtɪvɪti, ˌprɑdək-]

n.

生产率, 生产力

productivity **

productivity
Productivity is the rate at which goods are produced.

- The third-quarter results reflect continued improvements in productivity.

- His method of obtaining a high level of productivity is demanding.

N-UNCOUNT
= output

productivity

noun

output

production

work rate

yield

Prof.

abbr.

professor 教授

Prof.

abbr.

professor 教授

Prof. *

1. Prof.
Prof. is a written abbreviation for Professor .

- ...Prof. Richard Joyner of Liverpool University.

N-TITLE also prof .

2. Prof Profs
People sometimes refer to a professor as a prof . (INFORMAL)

- Write a note to my prof and tell him why I missed an exam this morning.

N-COUNT also prof .

3. Prof
In newspaper advertisements for things such as flats or apartments that are for rent, prof. means professional .

- Single room in lovely flat, roof terrace, non-smoking prof., woman pref.

also prof .

profanation

[D.J.:ˌprɔfəˈneiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌprɑfəˈneʃən]

n.

亵渎

profane

[D.J.:prəʊˈfeɪn, prə-]

[K.K.:proˈfen, prə-]

adj.

不敬(神)的,渎神的,好咒骂的

亵渎的,不圣洁的

世俗的,非宗教的

vt.

不敬

亵渎,玷污

profanation

n.

profane

1. profane
Profane behaviour shows disrespect for a religion or religious things. (FORMAL)

- ...profane language.

ADJ-GRADED

2. profane
Something that is profane is concerned with everyday life rather than religion and spiritual things.

- Cardinal Daly has said that churches should not be used for profane or secular purposes.

ADJ
≠ spiritual

3. profane profanes profaning profaned
If someone profanes a religious belief or institution, they treat it with disrespect. (FORMAL)

- They have profaned the long upheld traditions of the Church.

VB

4. profanation

- They called for demonstrations to express revulsion at the profanation of a Jewish cemetery.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= violation

profane

adjective

1.

sacrilegious

disrespectful

godless

impious

impure

irreligious

irreverent

sinful

ungodly

wicked

2.

crude

blasphemous

coarse

filthy

foul

obscene

vulgar

verb

3.

desecrate

commit sacrilege

debase

defile

violate

profanity

[D.J.:prəʊˈfænɪti:, prə-]

[K.K.:proˈfænɪti, prə-]

n.

渎神

亵渎语言

profanity

1. profanity
Profanity is an act that shows disrespect for a religion or religious beliefs. (FORMAL)

- To desecrate a holy spring is considered profanity.

N-UNCOUNT
= sacrilege

2. profanity profanities
Profanities are swear words. (FORMAL)

- We have grown accustomed to having our ears assailed by mindless cursing and profanities.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= obscenities

profanity

noun

1.

sacrilege

blasphemy

impiety

profaneness

2.

swearing

curse

cursing

irreverence

obscenity

profess

[D.J.:prəˈfes]

[K.K.:prəˈfɛs, pro-]

vt.

声称; 公开表明

professed

[prəˈfest]

adj.

公开声称的,伪称的,已立誓信教的

profess *

1. profess professes professing professed
If you profess to do or have something, you claim that you do it or have it, often when you do not. (FORMAL)

- She professed to hate her nickname.

- Why do organisations profess that they care?.

- `I don't know,' Pollard replied, professing innocence.

- ...the Republicans' professed support for traditional family values.

VB
= claim

2. profess professes professing professed
If you profess a feeling, opinion, or belief, you express it. (FORMAL)

- He professed to be content with the arrangement.

- Bacher professed himself pleased with the Indian tour.

- ...a right to profess their faith in Islam.

VB
= declare

profess

verb

1.

claim

allege

fake

feign

make out

pretend

purport

2.

state

admit

affirm

announce

assert

avow

confess

declare

proclaim

vouch

professed

adjective

1.

supposed

alleged

ostensible

pretended

purported

self-styled

so-called

would-be

2.

declared

avowed

confessed

confirmed

proclaimed

self-acknowledged

self-confessed

profession

[D.J.:prəˈfeʃən]

[K.K.:prəˈfɛʃən]

n.

职业, 自由职业

同业, 同行

profession ***

1. profession professions
A profession is a type of job that requires advanced education or training.

- Harper was a teacher by profession.

- Only 20 per cent of jobs in the professions are held by women.

N-COUNT: also by N

2. profession professions
You can use profession to refer to all the people who have the same profession.

- The attitude of the medical profession is very much more liberal now.

N-COUNT-COLL: oft supp N

profession

noun

1.

occupation

business

calling

career

employment

office

position

sphere

vocation

2.

declaration

affirmation

assertion

avowal

claim

confession

statement

professional

[D.J.:prəˈfeʃənəl]

[K.K.:prəˈfɛʃənəl]

adj.

职业的, 专业的

内行的, 有经验的

有意的, 故意的

n.

具有某专业资格的人, 专业人士

内行, 专家

专门职业者, 职业选手

professionally

[D.J.:prəˈfeʃənəlɪ]

[K.K.:prəˈf ɛʃənəlɪ]

adv.

专业地;内行地

professionals

内行

professional ****

1. professional
Professional means relating to a person's work, especially work that requires special training.

- His professional career started at Liverpool University.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. professionally

- ...a professionally-qualified architect...

- The opening months of 1987 were difficult, personally and professionally.

ADV: ADV -ed/adj, ADV with cl

3. professional
Professional people have jobs that require advanced education or training.

- ...highly qualified professional people like doctors and engineers.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. professional professionals
Also a noun.

- My father wanted me to become a professional and have more stability.

N-COUNT

5. professional
You use professional to describe people who do a particular thing to earn money rather than as a hobby.

- This has been my worst time for injuries since I started as a professional footballer.

- Jack Nicklaus has played in every Major Championship since he turned professional in 1961.

ADJ
≠ amateur

6. professional professionals
Also a noun.

- He had been a professional since March 1985.

N-COUNT

7. professionally

- By age 16 he was playing professionally with bands in Greenwich Village.

ADV: ADV after v

8. professional
Professional sports are played for money rather than as a hobby.

- ...an art student who had played professional football for a short time.

ADJ: ADJ n

9. professional
If you say that something that someone does or produces is professional , you approve of it because you think that it is of a very high standard.

- They run it with a truly professional but personal touch.

ADJ-GRADED approval
≠ amateur

10. professional professionals
Also a noun.

- ...a dedicated professional who worked harmoniously with the cast and crew.

N-COUNT

11. professionally

- These tickets have been produced very professionally.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

professional

adjective

1.

expert

adept

competent

efficient

experienced

masterly

proficient

qualified

skilled

noun

2.

expert

adept

maestro

master

past master

pro informal

specialist

virtuoso

professional foul

professional foul professional fouls
In soccer, if a player commits a professional foul , they deliberately do something which is against the rules in order to prevent another player from scoring a goal.
N-COUNT

professionalism

[D.J.:prəˈfeʃənəˌlɪzəm]

[K.K.:prəˈfɛʃənəˌlɪzəm]

n.

职业特征, 职业行为, 专业技巧

专业人员的特质

professionalism *

professionalism
Professionalism in a job is a combination of skill and high standards.

- American companies pride themselves on their professionalism.

- There was a lack of professionalism in their dealings.

N-UNCOUNT approval

professionalize

[D.J.:prəˈfeʃənəlaiz]

[K.K.:prəˈfɛʃənəˌlaɪz]

v.

使专业化

professionalize

1. professionalize professionalizes professionalizing professionalized
To professionalize an organization, an institution, or an activity means to make it more professional, for example by paying the people who are involved in it.

- ...the possibility of professionalising local government by offering salaries to senior councillors.

VB (BRIT) also professionalise

2. professionalization

- The professionalisation of politics is a major source of our ills.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

professor

[D.J.:prəˈfesə]

[K.K.:prəˈfɛsɚ]

n.

教授

professor ****

1. professor
A professor in a British university is the most senior teacher in a department.

- ...Professor Cameron...

- In 1979, only 2% of British professors were female.

N-TITLE; N-COUNT; N-VOC

2. professor
A professor in an American or Canadian university or college is a teacher of the highest rank.

- Robert Dunn is a professor of economics at George Washington University.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC

professor

noun

don Brit.

fellow Brit.

prof informal

professorial

[ˌprɔfeˈsɔ:riəl]

adj.

教授的,学者派头的

professorial

1. professorial
If you describe someone as professorial , you mean that they look or behave like a professor.

- His manner is not so much regal as professorial.

- I raised my voice to a professorial tone.

ADJ-GRADED

2. professorial
Professorial means relating to the work of a professor.

- ...the cuts which have led to 36 per cent of professorial posts remaining unfilled.

ADJ: ADJ n

professorship

[D.J.:prəˈfesəʃɪp]

[K.K.:prəˈfɛsɚˌʃɪp]

n.

教授职位

professorship

professorship professorships
A professorship is the post of professor in a university or college.

- He has accepted a research professorship at Cambridge University.

N-COUNT

proffer

[D.J.:ˈprɔfə]

[K.K.:ˈprɑfɚ]

vt.

提供,贡献,提出

proffer *

1. proffer proffers proffering proffered
If you proffer something to someone, you hold it towards them so that they can take it or touch it. (FORMAL)

- He rose and proffered a silver box full of cigarettes.

VB
= offer

2. proffer proffers proffering proffered
If you proffer something such as advice to someone, you offer it to them. (FORMAL)

- The army has not yet proffered an explanation of how and why the accident happened.

VB
= volunteer

proficiency

[D.J.:prəˈfiʃənsi]

[K.K.:prəˈfɪʃənsi]

n.

熟练, 精通

proficiency

proficiency
If you show proficiency in something, you show ability or skill at it.

- Evidence of basic proficiency in English is part of the admission requirement.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N in n
= ability

proficiency

noun

skill

ability

aptitude

competence

dexterity

expertise

knack

know-how informal

mastery

proficient

[D.J.:prəˈfɪʃənt]

[K.K.:prəˈfɪʃənt]

adj.

精通的, 熟练的

proficient

proficient
If you are proficient in something, you can do it well.

- A great number of Egyptians are proficient in foreign languages.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ in/at n
= competent

proficient

adjective

skilled

able

accomplished

adept

capable

competent

efficient

expert

gifted

masterly

skilful

profile

[D.J.:ˈprəufail]

[K.K.:ˈproˌfaɪl]

n.

侧面, 侧面像

轮廓, 外形

简介, 概况, 传略

profiles

剖面图

profiling

[ˈprəufailiŋ]

n.

压型

profile ***

1. profile profiles
Your profile is the outline of your face as it is seen when someone is looking at you from the side.

- His handsome profile was turned away from us.

N-COUNT

2. profile
If you see someone in profile , you see them from the side.

- This picture shows the girl in profile.

N-UNCOUNT: in N

3. profile profiles
A profile of someone is a short article or programme in which their life and character are described.

- A Washington newspaper published comparative profiles of the candidates' wives.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n

4. profile profiles profiling profiled
To profile someone means to give an account of that person's life and character. (JOURNALISM)

- Tamar Golan, a Paris-based journalist, profiles the rebel leader.

VB

5. profile
If someone has a high profile , people notice them and what they do. If you keep a low profile , you avoid doing things that will make people notice you.

- ...a move that would give Egypt a much higher profile in the upcoming peace talks...

- Football is a high profile business.

- The police deliberately kept a low profile in most places.

PHR: PHR after v
See also high-profile .

profile

noun

1.

outline

contour

drawing

figure

form

side view

silhouette

sketch

2.

biography

characterization

sketch

thumbnail sketch

vignette

profit

[D.J.:ˈprɔfit]

[K.K.:ˈprɑfɪt]

n.

利润, 收益, 赢利

益处, 得益

vt. & vi.

获益; 得利于

profit ****

1. profit profits
A profit is an amount of money that you gain when you are paid more for something than it cost you to make, get, or do it.

- The bank made pre-tax profits of £3.5 million.

- You can improve your chances of profit by sensible planning.

- The profit motive is inherently at odds with principles of fairness and equity.

N-VAR
≠ loss

2. profit profits profiting profited
If you profit from something, you earn a profit from it.

- Footballers are accustomed to profiting handsomely from bonuses.

- He has profited by selling his holdings to other investors.

- The dealers profited shamefully at the expense of my family.

VB

3. profit profits profiting profited
If you profit from something, or it profits you, you gain some advantage or benefit from it. (FORMAL)

- Jennifer wasn't yet totally convinced that she'd profit from a more relaxed lifestyle.

- So far the French alliance had profited the rebels little.

- Whom would it profit to terrify or to kill James Sinclair?

V-ERG

4. profit
Also a noun.

- The artist found more to his profit in the sculpture collections of the Louvre and other museums.

N-UNCOUNT

profit

noun

often plural 1.

earnings

gain

proceeds

receipts

return

revenue

takings

yield

2.

benefit

advancement

advantage

gain

good

use

value

verb

3.

benefit

be of advantage to

gain

help

improve

promote

serve

4.

make money

earn

gain

profitability

[D.J.:ˌprɔfɪtəˈbɪlətɪ]

[K.K.:ˌprɑfɪtəˈbɪlətɪ]

n.

获利(状况)，盈利(情况)

profitable

[D.J.:ˈprɔfitəbl]

[K.K.:ˈprɑfɪtəbəl]

adj.

有利可图的; 有益的

profitably

[D.J.:ˈpr ɔfɪtəblɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpr ɑfɪtəblɪ]

adv.

有利地;有益地

profitable **

1. profitable
A profitable organization or practice makes a profit.

- Drug manufacturing is the most profitable business in America.

- It was profitable for them to produce large amounts of food.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

2. profitably

- The 28 French stores are trading profitably.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. profitability

- Changes were made in operating methods in an effort to increase profitability.

N-UNCOUNT

4. profitable
Something that is profitable results in some benefit for you.

- ...close collaboration with industry which leads to a profitable exchange of personnel and ideas.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. profitably

- In fact he could scarcely have spent his time more profitably.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

profitable

adjective

1.

money-making

commercial

cost-effective

fruitful

lucrative

paying

remunerative

worthwhile

2.

beneficial

advantageous

fruitful

productive

rewarding

useful

valuable

worthwhile

profiteer

[D.J.:ˈprɔfɪˈtɪə]

[K.K.:ˈprɑfɪˈtɪr]

vi.

投机,牟求暴利

profiteer

profiteer profiteers
If you describe someone as a profiteer , you are critical of them because they make large profits by charging high prices for goods that are hard to get.

- ...a new social class composed largely of war profiteers and gangsters.

N-COUNT: usu pl disapproval
= racketeer

profiteer

noun

1.

racketeer

exploiter

verb

2.

racketeer

exploit

make a quick buck slang

profiteering

[D.J.:ˌprɔfɪˈtɪərɪŋ]

[K.K.: ˌprɑfəˈtɪrɪŋ]

n.

暴利, 不正当利益

adj.

牟取暴利的

profiteering

profiteering
Profiteering involves making large profits by charging high prices for goods that are hard to get.

- There's been a wave of profiteering and corruption.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= racketeering

profit-making

profit-making
A profit-making business or organization makes a profit.

- He wants to set up a profit-making company, owned mostly by the university.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
See also non-profit-making .

profit margin *

profit margin profit margins
A profit margin is the difference between the selling price of a product and the cost of producing and marketing it.

- The group had a net profit margin of 30% last year.

N-COUNT

profit-sharing

profit-sharing
Profit-sharing is a system by which all the people who work in a company have a share in its profits.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

profit-taking *

profit-taking
Profit-taking is the selling of stocks and shares at a profit after their value has risen or just before their value falls.
N-UNCOUNT

profligacy

[ˈprɔfliɡəsi]

n.

放荡,不检点,肆意挥霍

profligate

[D.J.:ˈprɔflɪgɪt, -ˌgeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈprɑflɪɡɪt, -ˌɡet]

adj.

挥霍的,浪费的

放荡的,行为不检点的

n.

放荡的人,浪子,肆意挥霍者

profligacy

n.

profligacy

profligacy
Profligacy is the spending of too much money or the using of too much of something. (FORMAL)

- ...the continuing profligacy of certain states.

N-UNCOUNT
= wastefulness

profligate

profligate
Someone who is profligate spends too much money or uses too much of something. (FORMAL)

- ...the most profligate consumer of energy in the world.

ADJ-GRADED
= wasteful ≠ careful

profligate

adjective

1.

extravagant

immoderate

improvident

prodigal

reckless

spendthrift

wasteful

2.

depraved

debauched

degenerate

dissolute

immoral

licentious

shameless

wanton

wicked

wild

noun

3.

spendthrift

squanderer

waster

wastrel

4.

degenerate

debauchee

libertine

rake

reprobate

rou´e

pro forma

pro forma
In banking, a company's pro forma balance or earnings are their expected balance or earnings. (TECHNICAL)
ADJ: usu ADJ n also pro-forma .

profound

[D.J.:prəˈfaund]

[K.K.:prəˈfaʊnd, pro-]

adj.

深度的; 深切的; 深远的

知识渊博的, 见解深刻的, 深奥的

profoundly

[D.J.:prəˈfaʊndlɪ]

[K.K.:prəˈfaʊndlɪ]

adv.

深深地;深切地;深刻地

极度地

profound **

1. profound profounder profoundest
You use profound to emphasize that something is very great or intense.

- ...discoveries which had a profound effect on many areas of medicine.

- ...profound disagreement...

- The overwhelming feeling is just deep, profound shock and anger.

- Anna's patriotism was profound.

ADJ-GRADED
= great

2. profoundly

- This has profoundly affected my life.

- In politics, as in other areas, he is profoundly conservative.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj/-ed

3. profound profounder profoundest
A profound idea, work, or person shows great intellectual depth and understanding.

- This is a book full of profound, original and challenging insights.

- ...one of the country's most profound minds.

ADJ-GRADED
= deep ≠ shallow

profound

adjective

1.

wise

abstruse

deep

learned

penetrating

philosophical

sagacious

sage

2.

intense

acute

deeply felt

extreme

great

heartfelt

keen

profundity

[D.J.:prəˈfʌndɪti:, prəʊ-]

[K.K.:prəˈfʌndɪti, pro-]

n.

深奥;深刻;深厚

profundity

1. profundity
Profundity is great intellectual depth and understanding.

- The profundity of this book is achieved with breathtaking lightness.

N-UNCOUNT
= depth

2. profundity
If you refer to the profundity of a feeling, experience, or change, you mean that it is deep, powerful, or serious.

- ...the profundity of the structural problems besetting the country.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. profundity profundities
A profundity is a remark that shows great intellectual depth and understanding.

- His work is full of profundities and asides concerning the human condition.

N-COUNT
≠ banality

profuse

[D.J.:prəˈfju:s, prəʊ-]

[K.K.:prəˈfjus, pro-]

adj.

毫不吝惜的,慷慨的,挥霍的,浪费的

profusely

adv.

profusely

[D.J.:prəˈfju:slɪ]

[K.K.:prəˈfjuslɪ]

adv.

十分慷慨地;毫不吝惜地

丰富地;繁茂地

挥霍地;浪费地

profuse

1. profuse
Profuse sweating , bleeding , or vomiting is sweating, bleeding, or vomiting large amounts.

- ...a remedy that produces profuse sweating.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. profusely

- He was bleeding profusely.

- Profusely sweating and quivering with chills, he murmured his last words.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. profuse
If you offer profuse apologies or thanks , you apologize or thank someone a lot.

- Then the policeman recognised me, breaking into profuse apologies.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. profusely

- They were very grateful to be put right and thanked me profusely.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

profuse

adjective

plentiful

abundant

ample

bountiful

copious

luxuriant

overflowing

prolific

profusion

[D.J.:prəˈfju:ʒən, prəʊ-]

[K.K.:prəˈfjuʒən, pro-]

n.

大量,丰富,充沛

profusion *

profusion
If there is a profusion of something or if it occurs in profusion , there is a very large quantity or variety of it. (FORMAL)

- The Dart is a delightful river with a profusion of wild flowers along its banks.

- Olive groves, grapes, and citrus fruits grow in profusion.

N-SING-COLL: usu N of n, also in N
= abundance

profusion

noun

abundance

bounty

excess

extravagance

glut

plethora

quantity

surplus

wealth

progenitor

[D.J.:prəʊˈdʒenɪtə]

[K.K.:proˈdʒɛnɪtɚ]

n.

祖先

先驱,前辈

原本,正本

progenitor

1. progenitor progenitors
A progenitor of someone is a direct ancestor of theirs. (FORMAL)

- He was also a progenitor of seven presidents of Nicaragua.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= forefather

2. progenitor progenitors
The progenitor of an idea or invention is the person who first thought of it. (FORMAL)

- ...Clive Sinclair, progenitor of the C5 electric car.

N-COUNT: usu with poss
= originator

progeny

[D.J.:ˈprɔdʒəni:]

[K.K.:ˈprɑdʒəni]

n.

子孙,后裔,后代

结果,结局,成果

progeny

1. progeny
You can refer to a person's children or to an animal's young as their progeny . (FORMAL)

- Davis was never loquacious on the subject of his progeny.

N-PLURAL: usu with poss
= offspring

2. progeny
The progeny of a particular thing are the things that develop from it.

- Among its many progeny, the 1944 Education Act gave birth to the modern youth service.

N-PLURAL: usu with poss
= offspring

progeny

noun

children

descendants

family

issue

lineage

offspring

race

stock

young

progesterone

[D.J.:prəuˈdʒestərəun]

[K.K.:proˈdʒɛstəˌron]

n.

孕酮,黄体酮

progesterone *

progesterone
Progesterone is a hormone that is produced in the ovaries of women and female animals and helps prepare the body for pregnancy.

- If the egg is not fertilised oestrogen and progesterone decrease.

N-UNCOUNT

prognoses

预测,预后

prognosis

[D.J.:prɔgˈnəʊsɪs]

[K.K.:prɑɡˈnosɪs]

n.

预测

<医>预后(指医生对疾病结果的预测)

prognosis *

prognosis prognoses
A prognosis is an estimate of the future of someone or something, especially about whether a patient will recover from an illness. (FORMAL)

- The hospital physiotherapist's prognosis was that Laurence might walk within 12 months.

- ...a gloomy prognosis of the Scots' championship prospects.

N-COUNT

prognosis

noun

forecast

diagnosis

prediction

prognostication

projection

prognosticate

[D.J.:prɔgˈnɔstɪˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:prɑɡˈnɑstɪˌket]

vt. & vi.

预言;预示

prognostication

n.

prognostication

[prɔɡnɔstiˈkeiʃ(ə)n]

n.

预言

prognostication

prognostication prognostications
A prognostication is a statement about what you think will happen in the future. (FORMAL)

- The country is currently obsessed with gloomy prognostications about its future.

N-VAR
= prediction

program

[D.J.:ˈprəuɡræm]

[K.K.:ˈproˌɡræm, -ɡrəm]

n.

程序

vt.

为(计算机)编制程序

programme

[D.J.:ˈprəu-ɡræm]

[K.K.:ˈproˌɡræm, -ɡrəm]

n.

节目; 节目单

计划; 规划; 大纲

vt.

计划, 安排

programmed

[D.J.:ˈprəʊˌgræmd, -grəmd]

[K.K.:ˈproˌɡræmd, -ɡrəmd]

可程式化

programming

[D.J.:ˈprəuɡræmiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈproˌɡræmɪŋ, -ɡrəmɪŋ]

n.

规划,设计

program ****

1. program programs
A program is a set of instructions that a computer follows in order to perform a particular task.

- The chances of an error occurring in a computer program increase with the size of the program.

N-COUNT

2. program programs programming programmed
When you program a computer , you give it a set of instructions to make it able to perform a particular task.

- He programmed his computer to compare the 1431 possible combinations of pairs in this population.

- ...45 million people, about half of whom can program their own computers.

- ...a computer programmed to translate a story given to it in Chinese.

VB

3. programming

- ...programming skills...

- Nicklaus Wirth designed Pascal to teach the concepts of programming.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

programme *****

1. programme programmes
A programme of actions or events is a series of actions or events that are planned to be done.

- The general argued that the nuclear programme should still continue.

- The programme of sell-offs has been implemented by the new chief executive.

N-COUNT: usu with supp (AM) program

2. programme programmes
A television or radio programme is something that is broadcast on television or radio.

- ...a series of TV programmes on global environment.

- ...local news programmes.

N-COUNT: oft n N (AM) program

3. programme programmes
A theatre or concert programme is a small book or sheet of paper which gives information about the play or concert you are attending.
N-COUNT (AM) program

4. programme programmes programming programmed
When you programme a machine or system, you set its controls so that it will work in a particular way.

- Parents can programme the machine not to turn on at certain times.

VB (AM) program

5. programme programmes programming programmed
If a living creature is programmed to behave in a particular way, they are likely to behave in that way because of social or biological factors that they cannot control.

- We are all genetically programmed to develop certain illnesses.

VB: usu passive (AM) program

programme

noun

1.

schedule

agenda

curriculum

line-up

list

listing

order of events

plan

syllabus

timetable

2.

show

broadcast

performance

presentation

production

programmable

[ˈprəuɡræməbl]

adj.

可设计的,可编程的

programmable

programmable
A programmable machine can be programmed, so that for example it will switch on and off automatically or do things in a particular order.

- Most CD-players are programmable.

ADJ

programmatic

[D.J.:ˌprəuɡrəˈmætik]

[K.K.:ˌproɡrəˈmætɪk]

adj.

标题音乐的,节目的

programmatic

programmatic
Programmatic ideas or policies follow a particular programme.

- He gave up on programmatic politics and turned his back on public life.

ADJ

programme note

programme note programme notes
A programme note is an article written in a programme for a play or concert, which gives information about the performance or production.
N-COUNT (AM) program note

programmer

[D.J.:ˈprəʊˌgræmə]

[K.K.:ˈproˌɡræmɚ]

n.

(计算机的)程序员

programmer *

programmer programmers
A computer programmer is a person whose job involves writing programs for computers.
N-COUNT

progress

[D.J.:ˈprəuɡres]

[K.K.:ˈprɑɡˌrɛs, -rəs, ˈproˌɡrɛs]

n.

前进; 进展

进步, 发展

vt. & vi.

(使)进步; (使)进行

progress ****

1. progress
Progress is the process of gradually improving or getting nearer to achieving or completing something.

- The medical community continues to make progress in the fight against cancer.

- The two sides made little if any progress towards agreement.

N-UNCOUNT

2. progress
The progress of a situation or action is the way in which it develops.

- The Chancellor is reported to have been delighted with the progress of the first day's talks.

- Ellen would keep me abreast of the progress by phone.

N-SING: the N, oft N of n

3. progress progresses progressing progressed
To progress means to move over a period of time to a stronger, more advanced, or more desirable state.

- He will visit once a fortnight to see how his new staff are progressing.

- Were you surprised that his disease progressed so quickly?.

- He started only five years ago, sketching first and then progressing to painting.

VB

4. progress progresses progressing progressed
If events progress , they continue to happen gradually over a period of time.

- As the evening progressed, sadness turned to rage.

- Life was hard, and it became harder as the war progressed.

VB

5. progress
If something is in progress , it has started and is still continuing.

- The game was already in progress when we took our seats.

- The diaries are a mixture of confession, work in progress and observation.

PHR

progress

noun

1.

development

advance

breakthrough

gain

growth

headway

improvement

2.

movement

advance

course

passage

way

in progress

3.

going on

being done

happening

occurring

proceeding

taking place

under way

verb

4.

develop

advance

gain

grow

improve

5.

move on

advance

continue

go forward

make headway

proceed

travel

progression

[D.J.:prəˈgreʃən]

[K.K.:prəˈɡrɛʃən]

n.

(事件的)连续;一系列

<数>级数

progression *

1. progression progressions
A progression is a gradual development from one state to another.

- Both drugs slow the progression of HIV, but neither cures the disease.

- I think they saw it as a natural progression for me.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp
= development

2. progression progressions
A progression of things is a number of things which come one after the other. (FORMAL)

- There is a complete progression of habitats from dry meadows through marshes and reed-beds to open water.

N-COUNT: N of n

progression

noun

1.

progress

advance

advancement

furtherance

gain

headway

movement forward

2.

sequence

chain

course

cycle

series

string

succession

progressive

[D.J.:prəˈɡresiv]

[K.K.:prəˈɡrɛsɪv]

adj.

不断前进的, 有进展的, 逐渐上升的

进步的, 先进的

progressively

[D.J.:prəˈ gresɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:prəˈɡr ɛsɪvlɪ]

adv.

前进地;日益增加地

progressive **

1. progressive
Someone who is progressive or has progressive ideas has modern ideas about how things should be done, rather than traditional ones.

- ...a progressive businessman who had voted for Roosevelt in 1932 and 1936...

- Willan was able to point to the progressive changes he had already introduced.

- The children go to a progressive school.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ conservative

2. progressive progressives
A progressive is someone who is progressive.

- The Republicans were deeply split between progressives and conservatives.

N-COUNT
≠ conservative

3. progressive
A progressive change happens gradually over a period of time.

- One prominent symptom of the disease is progressive loss of memory.

- ...the progressive development of a common foreign and security policy.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= gradual ≠ sudden

4. progressively

- Her symptoms became progressively worse.

- The amount of grant the council received from the Government was progressively reduced.

ADV: ADV compar, ADV with v
= gradually

5. progressive
In grammar, progressive means the same as continuous .
ADJ: ADJ n

progressive

adjective

1.

enlightened

advanced

avant-garde

forward-looking

liberal

modern

radical

reformist

revolutionary

2.

growing

advancing

continuing

developing

increasing

ongoing

prohibit

[D.J.:prəˈhibit]

[K.K.:proˈhɪbɪt]

vt.

禁止; 阻止

prohibition

[D.J.:ˌprəʊəˈbɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌproəˈbɪʃən]

n.

禁令,禁律

禁酒

prohibit **

1. prohibit prohibits prohibiting prohibited
If a law or someone in authority prohibits something, they forbid it or make it illegal. (FORMAL)

- ...a law that prohibits tobacco advertising in newspapers and magazines...

- Fishing is prohibited.

- Federal law prohibits foreign airlines from owning more than 25% of any U.S. airline.

VB
= ban ≠ allow

2. prohibition

- The Air Force and the Navy retain and codify their prohibition of women on air combat missions.

N-UNCOUNT
= banning

prohibition *

prohibition prohibitions
A prohibition is a law or rule forbidding something.

- ...a prohibition on discrimination.

- ...prohibitions against feeding birds at the airport.

N-COUNT

prohibit

verb

1.

forbid

ban

debar

disallow

outlaw

proscribe

veto

2.

prevent

hamper

hinder

impede

restrict

stop

prohibition

noun

1.

prevention

constraint

exclusion

obstruction

restriction

2.

ban

bar

boycott

embargo

injunction

interdict

proscription

veto

Prohibition

Prohibition
In the United States, Prohibition was the law that prevented the manufacture, sale, and transporting of alcoholic drinks between 1919 and 1933. Prohibition also refers to the period when this law existed.
N-UNCOUNT

prohibitive

[D.J.:prəʊˈhɪbɪtɪv]

[K.K.:proˈhɪbɪtɪv]

adj.

禁止使用或购买的,禁止性的

(指价格等)高得买不起的

禁止的

prohibitively

adv.

禁止地

prohibitiveness

n.

禁止

prohibitively

[D.J.:prəʊˈhɪbɪtɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:proˈhɪbɪtɪvlɪ]

adv.

禁止地

(费用等)过高地,过分地

prohibitive *

1. prohibitive
If the cost of something is prohibitive , it is so high that many people cannot afford it. (FORMAL)

- The cost of private treatment can be prohibitive.

- ...the prohibitive prices charged for seats at the opera.

ADJ-GRADED

2. prohibitively

- Meat and butter were prohibitively expensive.

ADV: ADV adj

prohibitive

adjective

exorbitant

excessive

extortionate

steep informal

project

[D.J.:prəˈdʒekt]

[K.K.:prəˈdʒɛkt]

vt.

规划

抛; 投; 射

vt. & vi.

伸出, 突出; 表达特点

[ˈprɔdʒekt]

n.

项目, 计划, 方案, 课题

projected

[D.J.:prəˈdʒektɪd]

[K.K.:prəˈdʒɛktɪd]

adj.

规划的，设计的

预期的，估计的

projecting

[prəuˈdʒektiŋ]

adj.

突出的,伸出的

project ****

1. project projects
A project is a task that requires a lot of time and effort.

- Money will also go into local development projects in Vietnam.

- ...an international science project...

- Besides film and record projects, I have continued to work in the theater.

N-COUNT: oft supp N
= scheme

2. project projects
A project is a detailed study of a subject by a pupil or student.

- Students complete projects for a personal tutor, working at home at their own pace.

N-COUNT

3. project projects projecting projected
If something is projected , it is planned or expected.

- Africa's mid-1993 population is projected to more than double by 2025.

- The government had been projecting a 5% consumer price increase for the entire year.

- ...a projected deficit of $1.5 million.

VB

4. project projects projecting projected
If you project someone or something in a particular way, you try to make people see them in that way. If you project a particular feeling or quality, you show it in your behaviour.

- Bradley projects a natural warmth and sincerity.

- He just hasn't been able to project himself as the strong leader.

- His first job will be to project Glasgow as a friendly city.

- The initial image projected was of a caring, effective president.

VB

5. project projects projecting projected
If you project feelings or ideas on to other people, you imagine that they have the same ideas or feelings as you.

- He projects his own thoughts and ideas onto her.

VB

6. project projects projecting projected
If you project a film or picture onto a screen or wall, you make it appear there.

- The team tried projecting the maps with two different projectors onto the same screen.

VB

7. project projects projecting projected
If something projects , it sticks out above or beyond a surface or edge. (FORMAL)

- ...the remains of a war-time defence which projected out from the shore.

- ...a piece of projecting metal.

VB

project

noun

1.

scheme

activity

assignment

enterprise

job

occupation

plan

task

undertaking

venture

work

verb

2.

forecast

calculate

estimate

extrapolate

gauge

predict

reckon

3.

stick out

bulge

extend

jut

overhang

protrude

stand out

projectile

[D.J.:prəˈdʒektəl, -ˌtaɪl]

[K.K.:prəˈdʒɛktəl, -ˌtaɪl]

n.

抛射体

(炮弹、子弹等)射弹;(火箭等)自动推进的武器

adj.

向前开进的；推进的

抛掷的，弹射的

projectile

projectile projectiles
A projectile is an object that is fired from a gun or other weapon. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

projectile

noun

missile

bullet

rocket

shell

projection

[D.J.:prəˈdʒekʃən]

[K.K.:prəˈdʒɛkʃən]

n.

投掷,发射,喷射

投影,投影图

预测；推断；设想

projection room

(电影)放映室

projection **

1. projection projections
A projection is an estimate of a future amount.

- ...the company's projection of 11 million visitors for the first year.

- ...sales projections.

N-COUNT
= forecast estimate

2. projection
The projection of a film or picture is the act of projecting it onto a screen or wall.

- They took me into a projection room to see a picture.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

projection

noun

1.

protrusion

bulge

ledge

overhang

protuberance

ridge

shelf

2.

forecast

calculation

computation

estimate

estimation

extrapolation

reckoning

projectionist

[D.J.:prəˈdʒekʃənist]

[K.K.:prəˈdʒɛkʃənɪst]

n.

〈美〉电影放映员,幻灯放映员,电视播放员

projectionist

projectionist projectionists
A projectionist is someone whose job is to work a projector at a cinema.
N-COUNT

projector

[D.J.:prəˈdʒektə]

[K.K.:prəˈdʒɛktɚ]

n.

电影放映机, 幻灯机

projector *

projector projectors
A projector is a machine that projects films or slides onto a screen or wall.

- ...a 35-millimetre slide projector.

N-COUNT
See also overhead projector .

prolapse

[D.J.:ˈprəulæps]

[K.K.:proˈlæps]

vi.,n.

下垂,脱垂

prolapse

1. prolapse prolapses
A prolapse is when one of the organs in the body moves down from its normal position. (MEDICAL)

- One complication which can arise is a prolapse.

- ...the causes and treatment of uterine prolapse.

N-VAR

2. prolapse prolapses prolapsing prolapsed
If an organ in someone's body prolapses , it moves down from its normal position. (MEDICAL)

- Sometimes the original abortion was done so badly that the uterus prolapsed.

VB

prole

[D.J.:prəul]

[K.K.:prol]

n.

穷人

proles

[ˈprəuli:z]

n.

(集合词)子孙,后代

prole

prole proles
A prole is someone in a low social class. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- We had proles working alongside university types as equals.

N-COUNT disapproval
= pleb

proletarian

[D.J.:ˌprəʊlɪˈteəri:ən]

[K.K.:ˌprolɪˈtɛriən]

adj.

无产阶级的, (大工业的)工人阶级的

n.

无产阶级一员, 无产者, 产业工人, 劳工

proletarian

1. proletarian
Proletarian means relating to the proletariat.

- ...a proletarian revolution.

ADJ

2. proletarian proletarians
A proletarian is a member of the proletariat.
N-COUNT

proletarian

adjective

1.

working-class

common

plebeian

noun

2.

worker

commoner

man of the people

pleb

plebeian

prole derogatory slang chiefly Brit.

proletariat

[D.J.:ˌprəuleˈtɛəriət]

[K.K.:ˌprolɪˈtɛriɪt]

n.

(古罗马社会中的)最下层阶级,工人阶级,尤指无产阶级

proletariat

proletariat
The proletariat is a term used to refer to workers without high status, especially industrial workers.

- ...a struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

N-SING-COLL: the N
= working class

proletariat

noun

working class

commoners

hoi polloi

labouring classes

lower classes

plebs

proles derogatory slang chiefly Brit.

the common people

the masses

pro-life

[D.J.:prəuˈlaif]

[K.K.:proˈlaɪf]

adj.

反对人工流产合法化的，反堕胎的

pro-life *

pro-life.
Someone who is pro-life thinks that women do not have a right to choose whether or not to give birth to a child they have conceived, and that abortion is wrong in most or all circumstances.

- The pro-life movement remains vigilant about measures that expand abortion rights.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

proliferate

[D.J.:prəuˈlifəreit]

[K.K.:prəˈlɪfəˌret]

vi.

激增; (迅速)繁殖; 增生

扩散

proliferation

[prəuˌlifəˈreiʃən]

n.

增殖,分芽繁殖

proliferate **

1. proliferate proliferates proliferating proliferated
If things proliferate , they increase in number very quickly. (FORMAL)

- Computerized data bases are proliferating fast.

- In recent years commercial, cultural, travel and other contacts have proliferated between Europe and China.

VB
= multiply

2. proliferation

- ...the proliferation of nuclear weapons...

- Smoking triggers off cell proliferation.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n, n N

proliferate

verb

increase

breed

expand

grow rapidly

multiply

proliferation

noun

multiplication

expansion

increase

spread

prolific

[D.J.:prəˈlɪfɪk]

[K.K.:prəˈlɪfɪk]

adj.

多产的, 多育的

作品很多的

prolific *

1. prolific
A prolific writer, artist, or composer produces a large number of works.

- She is a prolific writer of novels and short stories.

- During the Seventies, Rundgren was astonishingly prolific.

ADJ-GRADED

2. prolific
A prolific sports player scores a lot of goals or wins a lot of matches or races.

- Another prolific scorer is Dean Saunders.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. prolific
An animal, person, or plant that is prolific produces a large number of babies, young plants, or fruit.

- They are prolific breeders, with many hens laying up to six eggs.

- ...a prolific crop of creamy gold coloured pods.

ADJ-GRADED

4. prolific
If animals are prolific somewhere, there are a lot of them there. (FORMAL)

- All the big game congregate here, and birdlife is particularly prolific.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= numerous

prolific

adjective

productive

abundant

copious

fecund

fertile

fruitful

luxuriant

profuse

prologue

[D.J.:ˈprəʊˌlɔ:g, -ˌlɔg]

[K.K.:ˈproˌlɔɡ, -ˌlɑɡ]

n.

序言,开场白

prologuize

vi.

作序言,作开场白

prologuize

[ˈprəulɔɡaiz]

vi.

作序;写序诗念开场白

prologue *

1. prologue prologues
A prologue is a speech or section of text that introduces a play or book.

- The prologue to the novel is written in the form of a newspaper account.

N-COUNT
≠ epilogue

2. prologue prologues
If one event is a prologue to another event, it leads to it. (FORMAL)

- I am convinced that it was a prologue to today's bloodless revolution in the countries of Eastern Europe.

N-COUNT: usu N to n

prologue

noun

introduction

foreword

preamble

preface

prelude

prolong

[D.J.:prəˈlɔŋ]

[K.K.:prəˈlɔŋ, -ˈlɑŋ]

vt.

延长; 拉长; 拖延

prolongation

[ˌprəulɔŋˈɡeiʃən]

n.

延伸,延长部分

prolonged

[D.J.:prəˈlɔŋd]

adj.

持续很久的,长时间的

prolong *

1. prolong prolongs prolonging prolonged
To prolong something means to make it last longer.

- Mr Chesler said foreign military aid was prolonging the war.

- The actual action of the drug can be prolonged significantly.

VB
= extend ≠ shorten

2. prolongation prolongations

- ...the prolongation of productive human life.

N-VAR: usu N of n

prolonged **

prolonged
A prolonged event or situation continues for a long time, or for longer than expected.

- ...a prolonged period of low interest rates.

- ...a prolonged drought.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= lengthy

prolong

verb

lengthen

continue

delay

drag out

draw out

extend

perpetuate

protract

spin out

stretch

prom

[D.J.:prɔm]

[K.K.:prɑm]

n.

正式舞会

prom *

1. prom proms
A prom is a formal dance at a school or college which is usually held at the end of the academic year. (AM)

- I didn't want to go to the prom with Craig.

- ...my senior prom.

N-COUNT

2. prom
The prom is the road by the sea where people go for a walk. (BRIT)
N-SING: usu the N
= promenade

3. prom proms
The Proms are a series of concerts of mainly classical music that are held each year in London and some other cities. There is usually an area at these concerts where people stand, as well as seats. (mainly BRIT)

- ...the Last Night of the Proms.

- ...his final Prom performance of Elgar's First Symphony.

N-PLURAL: also N n The spelling Prom is usually used

4. prom proms
A Prom is an individual concert in the series.

- Wednesday's Prom featured the London Mozart Players.

N-COUNT The spelling Prom is usually used

promenade

[D.J.:ˌprɔməˈneɪd, -ˈnɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˌprɑməˈned, -ˈnɑd]

n.

人行道;散步场所

散步;闲逛

promenade *

1. promenade promenades
In a seaside town, the promenade is the road by the sea where people go for a walk.
N-COUNT
= sea-front prom

2. promenade promenades
A promenade is an area that is used for walking, for example a wide road or a deck on a ship. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

3. promenade promenades promenading promenaded
If someone promenades somewhere, for example along a beach, the edge of a lake, or a main street, they go for a walk there. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- People came out in smarter clothes to promenade along the front.

VB
= stroll

4. promenade promenades
A promenade is a formal dance at a school or college which is usually held at the end of the academic year. (AM)
N-COUNT
= prom ball

promenade

noun

1.

walkway

esplanade

parade

prom

2.

stroll

constitutional

saunter

turn

walk

verb

3.

stroll

perambulate

saunter

take a walk

walk

prominence

[D.J.:ˈprɔmənəns]

[K.K.:ˈprɑmənəns]

n.

声望, 杰出

突出;重要;要事

prominence *

prominence
If someone or something is in a position of prominence , they are well-known and important.

- He came to prominence during the World Cup in Italy.

- Crime prevention had to be given more prominence.

N-UNCOUNT

prominence

noun

1.

conspicuousness

markedness

2.

fame

celebrity

distinction

eminence

importance

name

prestige

reputation

prominent

[D.J.:ˈprɔminənt]

[K.K.:ˈprɑmənənt]

adj.

突起的, 凸出的

显著的; 突出的

杰出的, 著名的, 卓越的

prominently

[D.J.:ˈpr ɔmɪnəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpr ɑmənəntlɪ]

adv.

显著地;重要地

prominent ***

1. prominent
Someone who is prominent is important.

- ...a prominent member of the Law Society.

- ...the children of very prominent or successful parents.

ADJ-GRADED
= well-known

2. prominent
Something that is prominent is very noticeable or is an important part of something else.

- Here the window plays a prominent part in the design.

- ...Romania's most prominent independent newspaper.

ADJ-GRADED

3. prominently

- Trade will figure prominently in the second day of talks in Washington.

- Entries will be prominently displayed in the exhibition hall.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

prominent

adjective

1.

noticeable

conspicuous

eye-catching

obtrusive

obvious

outstanding

pronounced

2.

famous

distinguished

eminent

foremost

important

leading

main

notable

renowned

top

well-known

promiscuity

[D.J.:ˌprɔmɪˈskju:ɪti:, ˌprəʊmɪ-]

[K.K.:ˌprɑmɪˈskjuɪti, ˌpromɪ-]

n.

混杂;混乱

(男女的)乱交

promiscuous

[D.J.:prəˈmɪskju:əs]

[K.K.:prəˈmɪskjuəs]

adj.

男女乱交的

promiscuous *

1. promiscuous
Someone who is promiscuous has sex with many different people.

- She is perceived as vain, spoilt and promiscuous.

- You know the risks of promiscuous sex.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. promiscuity

- Johnson's excuse for his promiscuity was that women would be waiting outside his hotel room.

N-UNCOUNT

3. promiscuous
Promiscuous means including a wide range of different things. (FORMAL)

- ...the dazzling, promiscuous display of new styles.

- ...fifty years of promiscuous reading in pursuit of pleasure.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= wide

promiscuity

noun

licentiousness

debauchery

immorality

looseness

permissiveness

promiscuousness

wantonness

promiscuous

adjective

licentious

abandoned

debauched

fast

immoral

libertine

loose

wanton

wild

promise

[D.J.:ˈprɔmis]

[K.K.:ˈprɑmɪs]

vt. & vi.

允诺; 答应

有…希望; 预示

n.

承诺, 诺言

希望, 前途

promises

n.,v.

承诺,允诺

promising

[D.J.:ˈprɔmisiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈprɑmɪsɪŋ]

adj.

有希望的, 有前途的

promise ****

1. promise promises promising promised
If you promise that you will do something, you say to someone that you will definitely do it.

- The post office has promised to resume first class mail delivery to the area on Friday.

- He had promised that the rich and privileged would no longer get preferential treatment.

- Promise me you will not waste your time.

- `We'll be back next year,' he promised.

- ` You promise?' --- `All right, I promise.'

VB

2. promise promises promising promised
If you promise someone something, you tell them that you will definitely give it to them or make sure that they have it.

- In 1920 the great powers promised them an independent state.

- The officers promise a return to multiparty rule.

VB

3. promise promises
A promise is a statement which you make to a person in which you say that you will definitely do something or give them something.

- If you make a promise, you should keep it.

- The program has lived up to its promise to promote family welfare.

N-COUNT: oft N to-inf, N that

4. promise promises promising promised
If a situation or event promises to have a particular quality or to be a particular thing, it shows signs that it will have that quality or be that thing.

- While it will be fun, the seminar also promises to be most instructive.

VB

5. promise
If someone or something shows promise , they seem likely to be very good or successful.

- The boy first showed promise as an athlete in grade school.

N-UNCOUNT
= potential

promising **

promising
Someone or something that is promising seems likely to be very good or successful.

- A school has honoured one of its brightest and most promising former pupils.

ADJ-GRADED

promise

verb

1.

guarantee

assure

contract

give an undertaking

give one's word

pledge

swear

take an oath

undertake

vow

warrant

2.

seem likely

augur

betoken

indicate

look like

show signs of

suggest

noun

3.

guarantee

assurance

bond

commitment

oath

pledge

undertaking

vow

word

4.

potential

ability

aptitude

capability

capacity

talent

promising

adjective

1.

encouraging

auspicious

bright

favourable

hopeful

likely

propitious

reassuring

rosy

2.

talented

able

gifted

rising

promised land

promised land promised lands
If you refer to a place or a state as a promised land , you mean that people desire it and expect to find happiness or success there.

- Sweden has already reached the promised land of near-zero inflation.

N-COUNT: usu sing

promisingly

promisingly
If something or someone starts promisingly , they begin well but often fail in the end.

- It all started so promisingly when Speed scored a tremendous first goal.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

promissory note

promissory note promissory notes
A promissory note is a written promise to pay a specific sum of money to a particular person. (mainly AM)

- ...a $36.4 million, five-year promissory note.

N-COUNT

promo

[D.J.:ˈprəuməu]

[K.K.:ˈpromo]

n.

商品推销;商品广告,广告片

promo **

promo promos
A promo is something such as a short video film which is used to promote a product. (INFORMAL, JOURNALISM)

- He races his cars, and hires them out for film, TV and promo videos.

N-COUNT: oft N n

promontory

[D.J.:ˈprɔməntəri]

[K.K.:ˈprɑmənˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

n.

岬,隆起,海角

promontory

promontory promontories
A promontory is a cliff that stretches out into the sea.

- ...a promontory jutting out into the bay.

N-COUNT

promontory

noun

point

cape

foreland

head

headland

promote

[D.J.:prəˈməut]

[K.K.:prəˈmot]

vt.

提升, 提拔

筹划, 发起, 创立

推销

〈正〉促进; 推动; 增进

promotion

[D.J.:prəˈməʊʃən]

[K.K.:prəˈmoʃən]

n.

提升,晋级

宣传;推销

promote ****

1. promote promotes promoting promoted
If people promote something, they help or encourage it to happen, increase, or spread.

- You don't have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.

- In many ways, our society actively promotes alcoholism.

VB
= encourage ≠ discourage

2. promotion

- The government has pledged to give the promotion of democracy higher priority.

- ...disease prevention and health promotion.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, usu N of n

3. promote promotes promoting promoted
If a firm promotes a product, it tries to increase the sales or popularity of that product.

- Paul Weller has announced a full British tour to promote his second solo album.

- ...a special St Lucia week where the island could be promoted as a tourist destination.

VB

4. promote promotes promoting promoted
If someone is promoted , they are given a more important job or rank in the organization that they work for.

- I was promoted to editor and then editorial director.

- In fact, those people have been promoted.

VB: usu passive

5. promote promotes promoting promoted
If a team that competes in a league is promoted , it starts competing in a higher division in the next season because it was one of the most successful teams in the lower division. (BRIT)

- Woodford Green won the Second Division title and are promoted to the First Division.

VB: usu passive
≠ relegate

6. promotion

- Fans of Leeds United football club have been celebrating their team's promotion to the first division.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ relegation

See also promote .

promotion ***

1. promotion promotions
If you are given promotion or a promotion in your job, you are given a more important job or rank in the organization that you work for.

- Consider changing jobs or trying for promotion.

- ...rewarding outstanding employees with promotions to higher-paid posts.

N-VAR

2. promotion promotions
A promotion is an attempt to make a product or event popular or successful, especially by advertising.

- During 1984, Remington spent a lot of money on advertising and promotion.

- Ask about special promotions and weekend deals too.

N-COUNT
See also promote .

promote

verb

1.

help

advance

aid

assist

back

boost

encourage

forward

foster

support

2.

raise

elevate

exalt

upgrade

3.

advertise

hype

plug informal

publicize

push

sell

promotion

noun

1.

rise

advancement

elevation

exaltation

honour

move up

preferment

upgrading

2.

publicity

advertising

plugging informal

3.

encouragement

advancement

boosting

furtherance

support

promoter

[D.J.:prəˈməʊtə]

[K.K.:prəˈmotɚ]

n.

(房地产、证券和体育赛事的)承办人, 出资人, 赞助人

promoter **

1. promoter promoters
A promoter is a person who helps organize and finance an event, especially a sports event.

- ...one of the top boxing promoters in Britain.

N-COUNT

2. promoter promoters
The promoter of a cause or idea tries to make it become popular.

- Aaron Copland was always the most energetic promoter of American music.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

promotional

[D.J.:prəˈməuʃənl]

adj.

促销的

promotional *

promotional
Promotional material, events, or ideas are designed to increase the sales of a product or service.

- `Jeans,' according to one company's promotional material, `are designed and made to be worn hard'.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

prompt

[D.J.:prɔmpt]

[K.K.:prɑmpt]

adj.

立刻的, 迅速的, 准时的

准时到达的; 行动迅速的

vt. & vi.

为(演员)提示台词

vt.

促使, 推动, 引起

为(发言者)提示

prompting

[D.J.:ˈprɔmptɪŋ]

n.

推动,奖励,驱使

prompt ***

1. prompt prompts prompting prompted
To prompt someone to do something means to make them decide to do it.

- Japan's recession has prompted consumers to cut back on buying cars.

- The need for villagers to control their own destinies has prompted a new plan.

VB

2. prompt prompts prompting prompted
If you prompt someone when they stop speaking, you encourage or help them to continue. If you prompt an actor, you tell them what their next line is when they have forgotten what comes next.

- `You wouldn't have wanted to bring those people to justice anyway, would you?' Brand prompted him.

- How exactly did he prompt her, Mr Markham?.

VB

3. prompt prompts
Also a noun.

- Her blushes were saved by a prompt from one of her hosts.

N-COUNT

4. prompt
A prompt action is done without any delay.

- It is not too late, but prompt action is needed.

- ...an inflammation of the eyeball which needs prompt treatment.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. prompt
If you are prompt to do something, you do it without delay or you are not late.

- You have been so prompt in carrying out all these commissions.

- We didn't worry because they were always so prompt with their rental payment.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

prompting *

prompting
If you respond to prompting , you do what someone encourages or reminds you to do.

- New York needed little prompting from their coach Bill Parcells.

- ...the promptings of your subconscious.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

prompt

verb

1.

cause

elicit

give rise to

occasion

provoke

2.

remind

assist

cue

help out

adjective

3.

immediate

early

instant

quick

rapid

speedy

swift

timely

adverb

4.

exactly

on the dot

promptly

punctually

sharp

promptly

[D.J.:pr ɔmptlɪ]

[K.K.:pr ɑmptlɪ]

adv.

敏捷地;迅速地;立即地

准时地,正好

promptly **

1. promptly
If you do something promptly , you do it immediately.

- Sister Francesca entered the chapel, took her seat, and promptly fell asleep.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= immediately

2. promptly
If you do something promptly at a particular time, you do it at exactly that time.

- Promptly at a quarter past seven, we left the hotel.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV at/on n
= punctually

promptly

adverb Informal

immediately

at once

directly

on the dot

on time

punctually

quickly

speedily

swiftly

promulgate

[D.J.:ˈprɔməlˌgeɪt, prəʊˈmʌlˌgeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈprɑməlˌɡet, proˈmʌlˌɡet]

vt.

宣扬(某事物);传播

公布,颁布(法令、新法律等)

promulgator

n.

颁布者,公布者

promulgation

[ˌprɔməlˈɡeiʃən]

n.

颁布

promulgator

[ˈprɔməlɡeitə]

n.

发布者,广传者

promulgate *

1. promulgate promulgates promulgating promulgated
If people promulgate a new law or a new idea, they make it widely known. (FORMAL)

- The oil and shipping industries undertook to promulgate a voluntary code.

VB

2. promulgate promulgates promulgating promulgated
If a new law is promulgated by a government or national leader, it is publicly approved or made official. (FORMAL)

- The constitution is expected to be promulgated by King Birendra before the end of September.

VB: usu passive

3. promulgation

- ...the promulgation of the constitution.

N-UNCOUNT

promulgate

verb

make known

broadcast

circulate

communicate

disseminate

make public

proclaim

promote

publish

spread

prone

[D.J.:prəun]

[K.K.:pron]

adj.

易于…的; 很可能…的

俯卧的

prone **

1. prone
To be prone to something, usually something bad, means to have a tendency to be affected by it or to do it.

- For all her experience as a television reporter, she was still prone to camera nerves.

- People with fair skin who sunburn easily are very prone to develop skin cancer.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, ADJ to n, ADJ to-inf

2. prone
-prone combines with nouns to make adjectives that describe people who are frequently affected by something bad.

- ...the most injury-prone rider on the circuit.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED
See also accident prone .

3. prone
If you are lying prone , you are lying on your front. (FORMAL)

- Bob slid from his chair and lay prone on the floor.

- Since 1991, parents have been advised not to put their infants down to sleep in the prone position.

ADJ: ADJ after v, ADJ n

prone

adjective

1.

liable

apt

bent

disposed

given

inclined

likely

predisposed

subject

susceptible

tending

2.

face down

flat

horizontal

prostrate

recumbent

prong

[D.J.:prɔ:ŋ, prɔŋ]

[K.K.:prɔŋ, prɑŋ]

n.

叉子齿

(进攻、论点等的)方面

(构成形容词)有…齿的;分…方面的

prongs

[prɔŋz]

n.

(岩心采取器的)弹簧

prong

1. prong prongs
The prongs of something such as a fork are the long, thin pointed parts.

- Mark the loaf with the prongs of a fork in a criss-cross pattern.

- ...a prong attached to the back of a rider's boot.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. prong prongs
The prongs of something such as a policy or plan are the separate parts of it.

- The shareholder rights movement has two prongs.

- The second prong of the strategy is the provision of basic social services for the poor.

N-COUNT

prong

noun

point

spike

tine

-pronged

-pronged
A two -pronged or three -pronged attack, plan, or approach has two or three parts.

- ...a two-pronged attack on the recession...

- The bank has a three-pronged strategy for recovery.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

pronominal

[D.J.:prəˈnɔminl]

[K.K.:proˈnɑmənəl]

adj.

代词的,代词性质的

pronominal

pronominal
Pronominal means relating to pronouns or like a pronoun. (TECHNICAL)

- ...a pronominal use.

ADJ

pronoun

[D.J.:ˈprəunaun]

[K.K.:ˈproˌnaʊn]

n.

〈语〉代词

pronoun

pronoun pronouns
A pronoun is a word that you use to refer to someone or something when you do not need to use a noun, often because the person or thing has been mentioned earlier. Examples are `it', `she', `something', and `myself'.
N-COUNT
See also indefinite pronoun , personal pronoun , reflexive pronoun , relative pronoun .

pronounce

[D.J.:prəˈnauns]

[K.K.:prəˈnaʊns]

vt. & vi.

发音, 读

vt.

宣布; 宣称

vi.

宣判

pronounced

[D.J.:prəˈnaʊnst]

[K.K.:prəˈnaʊnst]

adj.

明显的;显著的

pronouncing

[D.J.:prəuˈnaunsiŋ]

[K.K.:prəˈnaʊnsɪŋ]

adj.

发音的,表示发音的

pronounce **

1. pronounce pronounces pronouncing pronounced
To pronounce a word means to say it using particular sounds.

- Have I pronounced your name correctly?.

- He pronounced it Per-sha, the way the English do.

VB

2. pronounce pronounces pronouncing pronounced
If you pronounce something to be true, you state that it is the case. (FORMAL)

- A specialist has now pronounced him fully fit.

- I now pronounce you man and wife.

VB
= declare

3. pronounce pronounces pronouncing pronounced
If someone pronounces a verdict or opinion on something, they give their verdict or opinion. (FORMAL)

- The authorities took time to pronounce their verdicts.

- `As for me,' he pronounced, `I can recognize a good deal when I see one'.

- He walked around the garden and pronounced himself satisfied.

- Men feel perfectly free to pronounce on the way women should look.

VB

pronounced *

pronounced
Something that is pronounced is very noticeable.

- Most of the art exhibitions have a pronounced Scottish theme.

- ...a pronounced Australian accent...

- Since then, the contrast between his two careers has become even more pronounced.

ADJ-GRADED
= noticeable distinct

pronounce

verb

1.

say

accent

articulate

enunciate

sound

speak

2.

declare

affirm

announce

decree

deliver

proclaim

pronounced

adjective

noticeable

conspicuous

decided

definite

distinct

evident

marked

obvious

striking

pronouncement

[D.J.:prəˈnaunsmənt]

[K.K.:prəˈnaʊnsmənt]

n.

声明; 公告

pronouncement *

pronouncement pronouncements
Pronouncements are public or official statements on an important subject.

- ...the President's latest pronouncements about the protection of minorities.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= statement

pronouncement

noun

announcement

declaration

decree

dictum

edict

judgment

proclamation

statement

pronto

[D.J.:ˈprɔntəu]

[K.K.:ˈprɑnto]

adv.

〈美俚〉很快地,急速地

pronto

pronto
If you say that something must be done pronto , you mean that it must be done quickly and at once. (INFORMAL)

- Get down to the post office pronto!

ADV: ADV after v
= sharpish now

pronunciation

[D.J.:prəˌnʌnsiˈeiʃən]

[K.K.:prəˌnʌnsiˈeʃən]

n.

(一种语言的)发音(法)

(某个单词的)读法

(一个人的)发音, 发音方式

pronunciation *

pronunciation pronunciations
The pronunciation of a word or language is the way in which it is pronounced.

- She gave the word its French pronunciation.

- You're going to have to forgive my pronunciation.

N-VAR

pronunciation

noun

intonation

accent

articulation

diction

enunciation

inflection

speech

stress

proof

[D.J.:pru:f]

[K.K.:pruf]

n.

证明, 论证; 证据, 证物

校样, 样张

proof ***

1. proof proofs
Proof is a fact, argument, or piece of evidence which shows that something is definitely true or definitely exists.

- You have to have proof of residence in the state of Texas, such as a Texas ID card.

- This is not necessarily proof that he is wrong.

- Economists have been concerned with establishing proofs for their arguments.

N-VAR: oft N of n, N that

2. proof proofs
In publishing, the proofs of a book, magazine, or article are a first copy of it that is printed so that mistakes can be corrected before more copies are printed and published.

- I'm correcting the proofs of the Spanish edition right now.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N of n

3. proof
Also an adjective.

- ...an uncorrected proof copy of the book.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. proof
Proof is used after a number of degrees or a percentage, when indicating the strength of a strong alcoholic drink such as whisky.

- ...a glass of Wild Turkey bourbon: 101 degrees proof.

ADJ: amount ADJ

5. proof
If something or someone is proof against a particular thing, they cannot be damaged, harmed, or affected by it. (WRITTEN)

- The fortress was proof against the techniques of attack then in use.

- His papers were proof against all but the most expert of scrutinies.

ADJ: v-link ADJ against n

6. proof
If you say that someone is living proof of something, you mean that their actions or personal qualities show that a particular fact is true or that a particular quality exists.

- He is living proof that some players just get better with age.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft PHR that, PHR of n

7. proof
To be proof positive of a particular fact or quality means to be evidence that it is true or that it exists. (FORMAL)

- The Windermere Golf Club is proof positive that golf and ecology can co-exist in perfect harmony.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft PHR that, PHR of n

proof

noun

1.

evidence

authentication

confirmation

corroboration

demonstration

substantiation

testimony

verification

adjective

2.

impervious

impenetrable

repellent

resistant

strong

-proof

1. -proof
-proof combines with nouns and verbs to form adjectives which indicate that something cannot be damaged or badly affected by the thing or action mentioned.

- ...a bomb-proof aircraft...

- In a large microwave-proof dish, melt butter for 20 seconds.

- ...tamper-proof medicine bottles.

COMB in ADJ

2. -proof
-proof combines with nouns to form verbs which refer to protecting something against being damaged or badly affected by the thing mentioned.

- ...home energy efficiency grants towards the cost of draught-proofing your home.

- ...inflation-proofed pensions.

COMB in VB

proofread

[D.J.:ˈpru:fˌri:d]

[K.K.:ˈprufˌrid]

vt.

校对;校勘

vi.

做校对工作

proofread *

proofread proofreads proofreading
When someone proofreads something such as a book or an article, they read it before it is published in order to find and mark mistakes that need to be corrected.

- I didn't even have the chance to proofread my own report.

VB also proof-read .

prop

[D.J.:prɔp]

[K.K.:prɑp]

n.

支柱, 支柱物

vt.

支撑, 支持, 维持

propping

[ˈprɔpiŋ]

n.

支撑

props

n.

小道具

prop **

1. prop props propping propped
If you prop an object on or against something, you support it by putting something underneath it or by resting it somewhere.

- He rocked back in the chair and propped his feet on the desk.

- He propped his bike against the bus.

VB

2. prop up props up; propping up; propped up
Prop up means the same as prop .

- Sam slouched back and propped his elbows up on the bench behind him.

- If you have difficulty sitting like this, prop up your back against a wall.

PHR-V

3. prop props
A prop is a stick or other object that you use to support something.
N-COUNT

4. prop props
To be a prop for a system, institution, or person means to be the main thing that keeps them strong or helps them survive.

- The army is one of the main props of the government.

- I had two props in my life; one was alcohol, the other work.

N-COUNT

5. prop props
The props in a play or film are all the objects or pieces of furniture that are used in it.

- ...the backdrop and props for a stage show.

- ...stage props.

N-COUNT: usu pl

6. prop props
In rugby, a prop or prop forward is one of the two players who position themselves in the front row when a group called a scrum is formed.
N-COUNT: usu sing

7. prop props
A prop is the same as a propeller . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

prop up **

prop up props up; propping up; propped up
To prop up something means to support it or help it to survive.

- Investments in the U.S. money market have propped up the American dollar.

- On the Tokyo Stock Exchange, aggressive buying propped the market up after yesterday's slide.

PHR-V

prop

verb

1.

support

bolster

brace

buttress

hold up

stay

sustain

uphold

noun

2.

support

brace

buttress

mainstay

stanchion

stay

propaganda

[ˌprɔpəˈɡændə]

n.

宣传, 宣传运动

propaganda **

propaganda
Propaganda is information, often inaccurate information, which a political organization publishes or broadcasts in order to influence people.

- The Front adopted an aggressive propaganda campaign against its rivals.

- ...anti-European propaganda movies.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n disapproval

propaganda

noun

information

advertising

disinformation

hype

promotion

publicity

propagandist

[ˌprɔpəˈɡændist]

n.

宣传员

adj.

宣传的

propagandist

propagandist propagandists
A propagandist is a person who tries to persuade people to support a particular idea or group, often by giving inaccurate information.

- He was in large part a journalist and propagandist.

- He was also a brilliant propagandist for free trade.

N-COUNT disapproval

propagandize

[D.J.:ˌprɔpəˈɡændaiz]

[K.K.:ˌprɑpəˈɡænˌdaɪz]

v.

宣传

propagandize

propagandize propagandizes propagandizing propagandized
If you say that a group of people propagandize , you think that they are dishonestly trying to persuade other people to share their views.

- You can propagandize just by calling attention to something.

- This government shouldn't propagandize its own people.

VB (BRIT) also propagandise disapproval

propagate

[D.J.:ˈprɔpəɡeit]

[K.K.:ˈprɑpəˌɡet]

vt. & vi.

繁衍, 增殖

vt.

传播; 宣传, 普及

propagation

[D.J.:ˌprɔpəˈgeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌprɑpəˈɡeʃən]

n.

繁殖;增殖

宣传;波及

遗传

propagate *

1. propagate propagates propagating propagated
If people propagate an idea or piece of information, they spread it and try to make people believe it or support it. (FORMAL)

- They propagated political doctrines which promised to tear apart the fabric of British society.

VB
= disseminate

2. propagation

- These two countries must work together towards the propagation of true Buddhism.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. propagate propagates propagating propagated
If you propagate plants, you grow more of them from the original ones. (TECHNICAL)

- The easiest way to propagate a vine is to take hardwood cuttings.

- The pasque flower can be propagated from seed.

VB

4. propagation

- Few things give more pleasure in gardening than the successful propagation of a batch of plants.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

propagate

verb

1.

spread

broadcast

circulate

disseminate

promote

promulgate

publish

transmit

2.

reproduce

beget

breed

engender

generate

increase

multiply

procreate

produce

propane

[D.J.:ˈprəupein]

[K.K.:ˈproˌpen]

n.

丙烷

propane

propane
Propane is a gas that is used for cooking and heating.

- ...a propane gas cylinder.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

propel

[D.J.:prəˈpel]

[K.K.:prəˈpɛl]

vt.

推进; 推动

propel *

1. propel propels propelling propelled
To propel something in a particular direction means to cause it to move in that direction.

- The tiny rocket is attached to the spacecraft and is designed to propel it toward Mars.

VB

2. propel
-propelled combines with nouns to form adjectives which indicate how something, especially a weapon, is propelled.

- ...rocket-propelled grenades.

- ...the first jet-propelled aeroplane.

COMB in ADJ

3. propel propels propelling propelled
If something propels you into a particular activity, it causes you to do it.

- It was a shooting star that propelled me into astronomy in the first place.

- He is propelled by both guilt and the need to avenge his father.

VB

propel

verb

drive

force

impel

launch

push

send

shoot

shove

thrust

propellant

[D.J.:prəˈpelənt]

[K.K.:prəˈpɛlənt]

adj.

推进的

n.

推进物

propellant

1. propellant propellants
Propellant is a substance that causes something to move forwards.

- ...an enormous amount of propellant.

- ...a propellant for nuclear rockets.

N-MASS

2. propellant propellants
Propellant is a gas that is used in spray cans to force the contents out of the can when you press the button.

- By 1978, in the USA, the use of CFCs in aerosol propellants was banned.

N-MASS

propeller

[D.J.:prəˈpelə]

[K.K.:prəˈpɛlɚ]

n.

螺旋桨,推进器

propellers

螺旋辊

propeller *

propeller propellers
A propeller is a device with blades which is attached to a boat or aircraft. The engine makes the propeller spin round and causes the boat or aircraft to move.

- ...a fixed three-bladed propeller.

N-COUNT

propensity

[D.J.:prəˈpensɪti:]

[K.K.:prəˈpɛnsɪti]

n.

倾向;习性

propensity *

propensity propensities
A propensity to do something or a propensity for something is a natural tendency that you have to behave in a particular way. (FORMAL)

- Mr Bint has a propensity to put off decisions to the last minute.

- She hasn't reckoned on his propensity for violence.

N-COUNT: oft N to-inf, N for n
= tendency

propensity

noun

tendency

bent

disposition

inclination

liability

penchant

predisposition

proclivity

proper

[D.J.:ˈprɔpə]

[K.K.:ˈprɑpɚ]

adj.

适合的; 适当的; 适用的; 恰当的

遵守规则的; 正确的

严格意义的; 本身的

合乎体统的; 正派的

固有的; 特有的

proper ***

1. proper
You use proper to describe things that you consider to be real and satisfactory rather than inadequate in some way.

- Two out of five people lack a proper job.

- I always cook a proper evening meal.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. proper
The proper thing is the one that is correct or most suitable.

- The Supreme Court will ensure that the proper procedures have been followed.

- He helped to put things in their proper place.

ADJ: ADJ n
= correct ≠ incorrect

3. proper
If you say that a way of behaving is proper , you mean that it is considered socially acceptable and right.

- In those days it was not thought entirely proper for a woman to be on the stage.

- It is right and proper to do this.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= fitting decent ≠ improper

4. proper
You can add proper after a word to indicate that you are referring to the central and most important part of a place, event, or object and want to distinguish it from other things which are not regarded as being important or central to it.

- A distinction must be made between archaeology proper and science-based archaeology.

ADJ: n ADJ

proper

adjective

1.

suitable

appropriate

apt

becoming

befitting

fit

fitting

right

2.

correct

accepted

conventional

established

formal

orthodox

precise

right

3.

polite

decent

decorous

genteel

gentlemanly

ladylike

mannerly

respectable

seemly

properly

[D.J.:ˈprɔpəlɪ]

adv.

适当地;正当地;正确地

真实地, 实在地

properly ***

1. properly
If something is done properly , it is done in a correct and satisfactory way.

- You're too thin. You're not eating properly.

- There needs to be a properly informed public debate.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj
= correctly

2. properly
If someone behaves properly , they behave in a way that is considered acceptable and not rude.

- He's a spoilt brat and it's about time he learnt to behave properly.

- They will be concerned to do the right thing -- to dress properly, for instance.

ADV: ADV after v
= correctly ≠ improperly

properly

adverb

1.

suitably

appropriately

aptly

fittingly

rightly

2.

correctly

accurately

3.

politely

decently

respectably

proper noun

proper noun proper nouns
A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place, organization, or thing. Proper nouns begin with a capital letter. Examples are `Margaret', `London', and `the United Nations'. Compare common noun .
N-COUNT also proper name

propertied

[D.J.:ˈprɔpətid]

[K.K.:ˈprɑpətid]

adj.

有财产的,使用道具的

propertied

propertied
Propertied people own land or property. (FORMAL)

- ...the propertied classes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

properties

道具

property

[D.J.:ˈprɔpəti]

[K.K.:ˈprɑpəti]

n.

财产; 资产; 所有物

房地产, 不动产; (一处)房地产

性质, 特性, 性能

property ****

1. property
Someone's property is all the things that belong to them or something that belongs to them. (FORMAL)

- Richard could easily destroy her personal property to punish her for walking out on him.

- Security forces searched thousands of homes, confiscating weapons and stolen property.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss
= belongings possessions

2. property properties
A property is a building and the land belonging to it. (FORMAL)

- Cecil inherited a family property near Stamford.

- This vehicle has been parked on private property.

N-VAR

3. property properties
The properties of a substance or object are the ways in which it behaves in particular conditions.

- A radio signal has both electrical and magnetic properties.

N-COUNT: usu pl

property

noun

1.

possessions

assets

belongings

capital

effects

estate

goods

holdings

riches

wealth

2.

land

estate

freehold

holding

real estate

3.

quality

attribute

characteristic

feature

hallmark

trait

prophecy

[D.J.:ˈprɔfisi]

[K.K.:ˈprɑfɪsi]

n.

预言, 预言能力

prophecy *

prophecy prophecies
A prophecy is a statement in which someone says they strongly believe that a particular thing will happen.

- The youth, too, fulfilled the prophecy.

- ...Biblical prophecy.

N-VAR

prophecy

noun

prediction

augury

divination

forecast

prognostication

second sight

soothsaying

prophesy

[D.J.:ˈprɔfɪˌsaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈprɑfɪˌsaɪ]

vt.

预告;预言

prophesy

prophesy prophesies prophesying prophesied
If you prophesy that something will happen, you say that you strongly believe that it will happen.

- He prophesied that within five years his opponent would either be dead or in prison.

- She prophesied a bad ending for the expedition.

VB
= predict ≠ foretell

prophesy

verb

predict

augur

divine

forecast

foresee

foretell

prognosticate

prophet

[D.J.:ˈprɔfit]

[K.K.:ˈprɑfɪt]

n.

预言家, 先知

prophet *

1. prophet prophets
A prophet is a person who is believed to be chosen by God to say the things that God wants to tell people.

- ...the sacred name of the Holy Prophet of Islam.

N-COUNT

2. prophet prophets
A prophet is someone who predicts that something will happen in the future. (LITERARY)

- I promised myself I'd defy all the prophets of doom and battle back to fitness.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n

prophet

noun

soothsayer

diviner

forecaster

oracle

prophesier

seer

sibyl

prophetic

[D.J.:prəˈfetɪk]

[K.K.:prəˈfɛtɪk]

adj.

预言(性)的,先知的

prophetic *

1. prophetic
If something was prophetic , it described or suggested something that did actually happen later.

- This ominous warning soon proved prophetic.

- Friends recalled Elisabeth's prophetic words of several years ago.

ADJ-GRADED

2. prophetic
Prophetic means related to a prophecy or a prophet.

- ...a charming romance intermingled with scientific fact and prophetic vision.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

prophetic

adjective

predictive

oracular

prescient

prognostic

sibylline

prophylactic

[D.J.:ˌprəʊfəˈlæktɪk, ˌprɔfə-]

[K.K.:ˌprofəˈlæktɪk, ˌprɑfə-]

adj.

预防(性)的

n.

预防剂,预防用品,预防法

避孕用品

prophylactic

1. prophylactic
Prophylactic means concerned with preventing disease. (MEDICAL)

- Vaccination and other prophylactic measures can be carried out.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= preventive

2. prophylactic prophylactics
A prophylactic is a substance or device used for preventing disease. (MEDICAL)

- The region began to use quinine successfully as a prophylactic.

N-COUNT

3. prophylactic prophylactics
A prophylactic is a condom. (FORMAL)

- The prospect of teachers passing out prophylactics to their pupils has infuriated some parents.

N-COUNT

propitiate

[D.J.:prəʊˈpɪʃi:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:proˈpɪʃiˌet]

vt.

劝解,抚慰,使息怒

propitiation

n.

propitiatory

adj.

propitiation

[D.J.:prəʊˌpɪʃi:ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:proˌpɪʃiˈeʃən]

n.

安抚,和解

propitiatory

[D.J.:prəʊˈpɪʃi:əˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:, -ˈpɪʃə-]

[K.K.:proˈpɪʃiəˌtɔri, -ˌtori, -ˈpɪʃə-]

adj.

<正>劝解的,抚慰的;谋求好感的;哄人息怒的

propitiate

propitiate propitiates propitiating propitiated
If you propitiate someone, you stop them being angry or impatient by doing something to please them. (FORMAL)

- I've never gone out of my way to propitiate people.

- These ancient ceremonies propitiate the spirits of the waters.

VB
= appease placate

propitious

[D.J.:prəˈpɪʃəs]

[K.K.:prəˈpɪʃəs]

adj.

有利的,吉祥的,吉利的

合适的

propitious

propitious
If something is propitious , it is likely to lead to success. (FORMAL)

- They should wait for the most propitious moment between now and the next election.

- The omens for the game are still not propitious.

ADJ-GRADED
= favourable ≠ unfavourable

propitious

adjective

favourable

auspicious

bright

encouraging

fortunate

happy

lucky

promising

proponent

[D.J.:prəˈpəʊnənt]

[K.K.:prəˈponənt]

n.

(某事业、理论等的)支持者,拥护者

proponent *

proponent proponents
If you are a proponent of a particular idea or course of action, you actively support it. (FORMAL)

- Halsey was identified as a leading proponent of the values of progressive education.

N-COUNT: with poss, usu N of n
= advocate ≠ critic

proportion

[D.J.:prəˈpɔ:ʃən]

[K.K.:prəˈpɔrʃən, -ˈpor-]

n.

均衡; 相称, 协调

一物与他物在数量、大小等方面的关系; 比例

部分; 份儿

proportion ***

1. proportion proportions
A proportion of a group or an amount is a part of it. (FORMAL)

- A large proportion of the dolphins in that area will eventually die.

- A proportion of the rent is met by the city council.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n
= percentage

2. proportion proportions
The proportion of one kind of person or thing in a group is the number of people or things of that kind compared to the total number of people or things in the group.

- The proportion of women in the profession had risen to 17.3%.

- The radio station has to include a substantial proportion of classical music.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n

3. proportion proportions
The proportion of one amount to another is the relationship between the two amounts in terms of how much there is of each thing.

- Women's bodies tend to have a higher proportion of fat to water.

N-COUNT: oft N of n to n
= ratio

4. proportion proportions
If you refer to the proportions of something, you are referring to its size, usually when this is extremely large. (WRITTEN)

- In the tropics plants grow to huge proportions.

- ...a fraud of breathtaking proportions.

N-PLURAL: usu supp N
= dimensions

5. proportion proportions
If you refer to the proportions in a work of art or design, you are referring to the relative sizes of its different parts.

- You can vary the relative proportions of things in a picture very simply.

N-PLURAL
= dimensions

6. proportion
If one thing increases or decreases in proportion to another thing, it increases or decreases to the same degree as that thing.

- The pressure in the cylinders would go up in proportion to the boiler pressure.

PHR-PREP

7. proportion
If something is small or large in proportion to something else, it is small or large when compared with that thing.

- Children tend to have relatively larger heads than adults in proportion to the rest of their body.

PHR-PREP
= in relation to

8. proportion
If you say that something is out of all proportion to something else, you think that it is far greater or more serious than it should be.

- The punishment was out of all proportion to the crime.

PHR-PREP: usu v-link PREP
≠ commensurate with

9. proportion
If you get something out of proportion , you think it is more important or worrying than it really is. If you keep something in proportion , you have a realistic view of how important it is.

- Everything just got blown out of proportion.

- We've got to keep this in proportion.

PHR: PHR after v

10. proportion
If someone has a sense of proportion , they know what is really important and what is not.

- We must not lose our sense of proportion.

PHR

proportion

noun

1.

relative amount

ratio

relationship

2.

balance

congruity

correspondence

harmony

symmetry

3.

part

amount

division

fraction

percentage

quota

segment

share

proportions

4.

dimensions

capacity

expanse

extent

size

volume

proportional

[D.J.:prəˈpɔ:ʃənəl]

[K.K.:prəˈpɔrʃənəl, -ˈpor-]

adj.

比例的, 成比例的

proportionally

按比例地,相配合地;适当地

proportional *

1. proportional
If one amount is proportional to another, the two amounts increase and decrease at the same rate so there is always the same relationship between them. (FORMAL)

- Loss of weight is directly proportional to the rate at which the disease is progressing.

- ...a proportional fee based on the final sale price.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ to n

2. proportionally

- You have proportionally more fat on your thighs and hips than anywhere else on your body.

- Candidates would be elected proportionally.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV with cl/group

proportional proportionate

adjective

balanced

commensurate

compatible

consistent

corresponding

equitable

even

in proportion

proportionality

[prəˌpɔ:ʃəˈnæliti]

n.

比例(性);均衡(性);相称

proportionality

proportionality
The principle of proportionality is the idea that an action should not be more severe than is necessary, especially in a war or when punishing someone for a crime. (FORMAL)

- Nuclear weapons seem to violate the just war principle of proportionality.

- He said there was a need for proportionality in sentencing.

N-UNCOUNT

proportional representation *

proportional representation
Proportional representation is a system of voting in which each political party is represented in a parliament or legislature in proportion to the number of people who vote for it in an election.
N-UNCOUNT

proportionate

[D.J.:prəˈpɔ:ʃənɪt, -ˈpəʊr-]

[K.K.:prəˈpɔrʃənɪt, -ˈpor-]

adj.

成比例的;均衡的;相称的

proportionately

[D.J.:prəˈp ɔ:ʃənɪt]

[K.K.:prəˈp ɔrʃənɪt]

adv.

成比例地;相称地

proportionate *

1. proportionate
Proportionate means the same as proportional .

- Republics will have voting rights proportionate to the size of their economies.

- The extra field cultivated meant a proportionate increase in work.

ADJ: oft ADJ to n

2. proportionately

- We have significantly increased the number of people in education but the size of the classes hasn't changed proportionately.

- Proportionately more Americans get married nowadays than ever before.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV with cl/group

-proportioned

-proportioned
-proportioned is added to adverbs to form adjectives that indicate that the proportions of the different parts of something or someone are good or bad.

- The flat has high ceilings and well-proportioned rooms.

- ...a perfectly-proportioned young woman.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

proposal

[D.J.:prəˈpəuzəl]

[K.K.:prəˈpozəl]

n.

提议; 建议

求婚

proposal ****

1. proposal proposals
A proposal is a plan or an idea, often a formal or written one, which is suggested for people to think about and decide upon.

- The President is to put forward new proposals for resolving the country's constitutional crisis.

- ...the government's proposals to abolish free health care...

- The Security Council has rejected the latest peace proposal.

N-COUNT: oft N for n, N to-inf
= plan

2. proposal proposals
A proposal is the act of asking someone to marry you.

- After a three-weekend courtship, Pamela accepted Randolph's proposal of marriage.

N-COUNT

proposal

noun

suggestion

bid

offer

plan

presentation

programme

project

recommendation

scheme

propose

[D.J.:prəˈpəuz]

[K.K.:prəˈpoz]

vt. & vi.

提议; 建议

proposed

被提议的

proposer

n.

申请人,提案人

propose ****

1. propose proposes proposing proposed
If you propose something such as a plan or an idea, you suggest it for people to think about and decide upon.

- Britain is about to propose changes to European Community institutions.

- It was George who first proposed that we dry clothes in that locker.

VB
= suggest

2. propose proposes proposing proposed
If you propose to do something, you intend to do it.

- It's still far from clear what action the government proposes to take over the affair.

- And where do you propose building such a huge thing?

VB

3. propose proposes proposing proposed
If you propose a theory or an explanation, you state that it is possibly or probably true, because it fits in with the evidence that you have considered. (FORMAL)

- This highlights a problem faced by people proposing theories of ball lightning.

- Newton proposed that heavenly and terrestrial motion could be unified with the idea of gravity.

VB
= propound posit

4. propose proposes proposing proposed
If you propose a motion for debate, or a candidate for election, you begin the debate or the election procedure by formally stating your support for that motion or candidate.

- A delegate from Siberia proposed a resolution that he stand down as party chairman.

- I asked Robin Balfour and Derek Haig to propose and second me.

VB

5. proposer proposers

- ...Mr Ian Murch, the proposer of the motion.

N-COUNT

6. propose proposes proposing proposed
If you propose a toast to someone or something, you ask people to drink a toast to them.

- Usually the bride's father proposes a toast to the health of the bride and groom.

VB

7. propose proposes proposing proposed
If you propose to someone, or propose marriage to them, you ask them to marry you.

- He had proposed to Isabel the day after taking his seat in Parliament.

VB

propose

verb

1.

put forward

advance

present

submit

suggest

2.

nominate

name

present

recommend

3.

intend

aim

design

have in mind

mean

plan

scheme

4.

offer marriage

ask for someone's hand (in marriage)

pop the question informal

proposition

[D.J.:ˌprɔpəˈziʃən]

[K.K.:ˌprɑpəˈzɪʃən]

n.

论点; 主张

建议; 提案

命题

proposition **

1. proposition propositions
If you describe something such as a task or an activity as, for example, a difficult proposition or an attractive proposition , you mean that it is difficult or pleasant to do.

- Making easy money has always been an attractive proposition.

- Even among seasoned mountaineers Pinnacle Ridge is considered quite a tough proposition.

N-COUNT: usu sing, adj N

2. proposition propositions
A proposition is a statement or an idea which people can consider or discuss to decide whether it is true. (FORMAL)

- The proposition that democracies do not fight each other is based on a tiny historical sample.

N-COUNT: oft N that
= suggestion theory

3. proposition propositions
In the United States, a proposition is a question or statement about an issue of public policy which appears on a voting paper so that people can vote for or against it.

- Vote Yes on Proposition 136, but No on Propositions 129, 133 and 134.

N-COUNT: oft N num

4. proposition propositions
A proposition is an offer or a suggestion that someone makes to you, usually concerning some work or business that you might be able to do together.

- You came to see me at my office the other day with a business proposition.

- I want to make you a proposition.

N-COUNT

5. proposition propositions propositioning propositioned
If someone who you do not know very well propositions you, they suggest that you have sex with them.

- Mr Whitfield had allegedly tried to proposition Miss Hawes.

VB

6. proposition propositions
Also a noun.

- ...unwanted sexual propositions.

N-COUNT

proposition

noun

1.

proposal

plan

recommendation

scheme

suggestion

verb

2.

make a pass at

accost

make an improper suggestion

solicit

propound

[D.J.:prəˈpaʊnd]

[K.K.:prəˈpaʊnd]

vt.

提出(问题、计划等)供考虑〔讨论〕,提议

propound

propound propounds propounding propounded
If someone propounds an idea or point of view they have, they suggest it for people to consider. (FORMAL)

- Zoologist Eugene Morton has propounded a general theory of the vocal sounds that animals make.

VB
= put forward

propound

verb

put forward

advance

postulate

present

propose

submit

suggest

proprietary

[D.J.:prəˈpraɪɪˌteri:]

[K.K.:prəˈpraɪɪˌtɛri]

adj.

私有的

专利的, 有专利权的, 独占的

业主的

proprietary *

1. proprietary
Proprietary substances or products are sold under a trade name. (FORMAL)

- ...some proprietary brands of dog food...

- We had to take action to protect the proprietary technology.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ generic

2. proprietary
If someone has a proprietary attitude towards something, they act as though they own it. (FORMAL)

- Directors weren't allowed any proprietary airs about the product they made.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= proprietorial

proprieties

n.

礼仪,礼节

proprieties

proprieties
The proprieties are the standards of social behaviour which most people consider socially or morally acceptable. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...respectable couples who observe the proprieties but loathe each other.

N-PLURAL: usu the N
= civilities

proprietor

[D.J.:prəˈpraɪɪtə]

[K.K.:prəˈpraɪɪtɚ]

n.

所有人,业主

proprietor *

proprietor proprietors
The proprietor of a hotel, shop, newspaper, or other business is the person who owns it. (FORMAL)

- ...the proprietor of a local restaurant...

- He was the sole proprietor with total management control.

N-COUNT
= owner

proprietor proprietress

noun

owner

landlord or landlady

titleholder

proprietorial

[prəˌpraiəˈtɔ:riəl]

adj.

所有(权)的

proprietorial

proprietorial
If your behaviour is proprietorial , you are behaving in a proud way because you are, or feel like you are, the owner of something. (FORMAL)

- The longer I live alone the more proprietorial I become about my home.

ADJ-GRADED
= proprietary

proprietress

[D.J.:prəˈpraiətris]

[K.K.:prəˈpraɪɪtrɪs]

n.

女所有人,女业主

proprietress

proprietress proprietresses
The proprietress of a hotel, shop, or business is the woman who owns it. (FORMAL)

- The proprietress was alone in the bar.

N-COUNT
= owner

propriety

[D.J.:prəˈpraɪɪti:]

[K.K.:prəˈpraɪɪti]

n.

<正> ①礼貌,规矩

正当,妥当;合适,适当,适宜

propriety

propriety
Propriety is the quality of being socially or morally acceptable. (FORMAL)

- Their sense of social propriety is eroded.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ impropriety

propriety

noun

1.

correctness

aptness

fitness

rightness

seemliness

2.

decorum

courtesy

decency

etiquette

manners

politeness

respectability

seemliness

propulsion

[D.J.:prəˈpʌlʃən]

[K.K.:prəˈpʌlʃən]

n.

推进

propulsion *

propulsion
Propulsion is the power that moves something, especially a vehicle, in a forward direction. (FORMAL)

- Interest in jet propulsion was now growing at the Air Ministry.

- ...the submarine's propulsion system.

N-UNCOUNT: oft n N, N n

propulsion

noun

drive

impetus

impulse

propelling force

push

thrust

pro rata

1. pro rata
If something is distributed pro rata , it is distributed in proportion to the amount or size of something. (FORMAL)

- All part-timers should be paid the same, pro rata, as full-timers doing the same job.

ADV: ADV after v also pro-rata .

2. pro rata
Also an adjective.

- They are paid their salaries and are entitled to fringe benefits on a pro-rata basis.

ADJ: ADJ n also pro-rata .

prosaic

[D.J.:prəʊˈzeɪɪk]

[K.K.:proˈzeɪk]

adj.

无灵感的;无想像力的

无聊的;平淡的;乏味的

prosaically

adv.

无聊地;乏味地

prosaically

adv.

散文式地,平凡地

prosaic *

1. prosaic
Something that is prosaic is dull and uninteresting. (FORMAL)

- His instructor offered a more prosaic explanation for the surge in interest.

- The truth is more prosaic.

ADJ-GRADED
= mundane ≠ interesting

2. prosaically

- Arabian jam is also known as angels' hair preserve, or more prosaically as carrot jam.

- His father wrote briefly and prosaically.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl, ADV with v

prosaic

adjective

dull

boring

everyday

humdrum

matter-of-fact

mundane

ordinary

pedestrian

routine

trite

unimaginative

proscenium

[D.J.:prəuˈsi:niəm]

[K.K.:proˈsiniəm, prə-]

n.

(古希腊,古罗马的)舞台,舞台前部装置(包括幕布,拱形墙等)

proscenium

proscenium prosceniums
A proscenium or a proscenium arch is an arch in a theatre which separates the stage from the audience.
N-COUNT: usu sing

proscribe

[D.J.:prəʊˈskraɪb]

[K.K.:proˈskraɪb]

vt.

正式宣布(某事物)有危险或被禁止

proscribe

proscribe proscribes proscribing proscribed
If something is proscribed by people in authority, the existence or the use of that thing is forbidden. (FORMAL)

- In some cultures surgery is proscribed.

- They are proscribed by federal law from owning guns.

VB: usu passive
= prohibit ≠ permit

proscribe

verb

1.

prohibit

ban

embargo

forbid

interdict

2.

outlaw

banish

deport

exclude

exile

expatriate

expel

ostracize

proscription

[D.J.:prəusˈkripʃən]

[K.K.:proˈskrɪpʃən]

n.

禁止; 剥夺权利

proscription

proscription proscriptions
The proscription of something is the official forbidding of its existence or use. (FORMAL)

- ...the proscription against any religious service.

- ...the proscription of his records.

N-VAR
= prohibition

prose

[D.J.:prəuz]

[K.K.:proz]

n.

散文

prose **

prose
Prose is ordinary written language, in contrast to poetry.

- Shute's prose is stark and chillingly unsentimental.

- What he has to say is expressed in prose of exceptional lucidity and grace.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N, in N
≠ poetry

prosecute

[D.J.:ˈprɔsikju:t]

[K.K.:ˈprɑsɪˌkjut]

vt.

检举、告发某人; 对某人提起公诉

继续从事(某事物)

prosecute **

1. prosecute prosecutes prosecuting prosecuted
If the authorities prosecute someone, they charge them with a crime and put them on trial.

- The police have decided not to prosecute because the evidence is not strong enough.

- Photographs taken by roadside cameras will soon be enough to prosecute drivers for speeding.

- He is being prosecuted for two criminal offences.

VB

2. prosecute prosecutes prosecuting prosecuted
When a lawyer prosecutes a case, he or she tries to prove that the person who is on trial is guilty.

- The attorney who will prosecute the case says he cannot reveal how much money is involved.

- ...the prosecuting attorney.

VB

prosecute

verb Law

put on trial

arraign

bring to trial

indict

litigate

sue

take to court

try

prosecution

[D.J.:ˌprɔsɪˈkju:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌprɑsɪˈkjuʃən]

n.

起诉, 诉讼

原告

prosecution ***

1. prosecution prosecutions
Prosecution is the action of charging someone with a crime and putting them on trial.

- Yesterday the head of government called for the prosecution of those responsible for the deaths.

N-VAR: usu N of n

2. prosecution
The lawyers who try to prove that a person on trial is guilty are called the prosecution .

- Colonel Pugh, for the prosecution, said that the offences occurred over a six-year period.

N-SING: the N

prosecutor

[D.J.:ˈprɔsɪˌkju:tə]

[K.K.:ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɚ]

n.

检举人;告发人;起诉人;公诉人;原告

prosecutor **

prosecutor prosecutors
In some countries, a prosecutor is a lawyer or official who brings charges against someone or tries to prove in a trial that they are guilty.
N-COUNT

proselytize

[D.J.:ˈprɔsəlɪˌtaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈprɑsəlɪˌtaɪz]

vt.

(使)改变宗教信仰〔政治信仰、意见等〕,使变节

proselytize

proselytize proselytizes proselytizing proselytized
If you proselytize , you try to persuade someone to share your beliefs, especially religious or political beliefs. (FORMAL)

- I assured him we didn't come here to proselytize.

- Christians were arrested for trying to convert people, to proselytise them.

VB (BRIT) also proselytise

prospect

[D.J.:ˈprɔspekt]

[K.K.:ˈprɑsˌpɛkt]

n.

景象, 景色

前景; 前途

可能成为主顾的人; 有希望的候选人

vi.

勘探; 勘察

prospecting

[prəsˈpektiŋ]

n.

探矿

prospector

[D.J.:ˈprɔsˌpektə]

[K.K.:ˈprɑsˌpɛktɚ]

n.

勘探者;探矿者

prospects

景象;可能的主顾

prospect ****

1. prospect prospects
If there is some prospect of something happening, there is a possibility that it will happen.

- Unfortunately, there is little prospect of seeing these big questions answered.

- The prospects for peace in the country's eight-year civil war are becoming brighter.

- There is a real prospect that the bill will be defeated in parliament.

N-VAR: with supp, oft N of n/-ing
= possibility

2. prospect
A particular prospect is something that you expect or know is going to happen.

- They now face the prospect of having to wear a cycling helmet by law.

- After supper he'd put his feet up and read. It was a pleasant prospect.

N-SING: usu with supp, oft N of n/-ing

3. prospect prospects
Someone's prospects are their chances of being successful, especially in their career.

- I chose to work abroad to improve my career prospects.

- ...a detailed review of the company's prospects.

N-PLURAL: usu supp N

4. prospect prospects prospecting prospected
When people prospect for oil, gold, or some other valuable substance, they look for it in the ground or under the sea.

- He had prospected for minerals everywhere from the Gobi Desert to the Transvaal.

- In fact, the oil companies are already prospecting not far from here.

VB

5. prospecting

- He was involved in oil, zinc and lead prospecting.

N-UNCOUNT

6. prospector prospectors

- The discovery of gold and silver had brought a flood of prospectors into the Arizona and New Mexico Territories.

N-COUNT

prospect

noun

1.

expectation

anticipation

future

hope

odds

outlook

probability

promise

sometimes plural 2.

likelihood

chance

possibility

3.

view

landscape

outlook

scene

sight

spectacle

vista

verb

4.

look for

search for

seek

prospective

[D.J.:prəsˈpektiv]

[K.K.:prəˈspɛktɪv]

adj.

预期的; 未来的; 可能的

prospective **

1. prospective
You use prospective to describe someone who wants to be the thing mentioned or who is likely to be the thing mentioned.

- The story should act as a warning to other prospective buyers.

- When his prospective employers learned that he smoked, they said they wouldn't hire him.

ADJ: ADJ n
= would-be

2. prospective
You use prospective to describe something that is likely to happen soon.

- The terms of the prospective deal are most clearly spelt out in the Financial Times.

ADJ: ADJ n
= forthcoming

prospective

adjective

future

anticipated

coming

destined

expected

forthcoming

imminent

intended

likely

possible

potential

prospectus

[D.J.:prəˈspektəs]

[K.K.:prəˈspɛktəs]

n.

章程,简章,简介

prospectus *

prospectus prospectuses
A prospectus is a detailed document produced by a college, school, or company, which gives details about it.
N-COUNT

prospectus

noun

catalogue

list

outline

programme

syllabus

synopsis

prosper

[D.J.:ˈprɔspə]

[K.K.:ˈprɑspɚ]

vi.

成功; 兴旺

prosper *

prosper prospers prospering prospered
If people or businesses prosper , they are successful and do well. (FORMAL)

- The high street banks continue to prosper.

- His teams have always prospered in cup competitions.

VB
= thrive

prosper

verb

succeed

advance

do well

flourish

get on

progress

thrive

prosperity

[D.J.:prɔsˈperiti]

[K.K.:prɑˈspɛrɪti]

n.

幸运; 顺利

兴旺, 繁荣

prosperity **

prosperity
Prosperity is a condition in which a person or community is doing well financially.

- ...a new era of peace and prosperity.

- ...Japan's economic prosperity.

N-UNCOUNT
= affluence

prosperity

noun

success

affluence

fortune

good fortune

luxury

plenty

prosperousness

riches

wealth

prosperous

[D.J.:ˈprɔspərəs]

[K.K.:ˈprɑspərəs]

adj.

成功的, 繁荣的, 兴旺的

prosperous *

prosperous
Prosperous people, places, and economies are rich and successful. (FORMAL)

- ...the youngest son of a relatively prosperous British family...

- The place looks more prosperous than ever.

ADJ-GRADED
= wealthy well-off

prosperous

adjective

1.

wealthy

affluent

moneyed

rich

well-heeled informal

well-off

well-to-do

2.

successful

booming

doing well

flourishing

fortunate

lucky

thriving

prostate

[D.J.:ˈprɔsteit]

[K.K.:ˈprɑsˌtet]

n.

(雄性哺乳动物的)前列腺

prostate *

prostate prostates
The prostate or the prostate gland is an organ in the body of male mammals which is situated at the neck of the bladder and produces a liquid which forms part of semen.
N-COUNT

prosthesis

[D.J.:ˈprɔsθisis]

[K.K.:prɑsˈθisɪs]

n.

假体(如假肢、假眼或假牙等)

〈医〉人体修复(术)

prosthesis

prosthesis prostheses
A prosthesis is an artificial body part that is used to replace a natural part. (MEDICAL)

- The woman whose leg had been amputated could get a prosthesis and learn to walk on it.

N-COUNT

prosthetic

[D.J.:prɔsˈθetɪk]

[K.K.:prɑsˈθɛtɪk]

adj.

<医>义肢的,假体的

prosthetic

prosthetic
Prosthetic parts of the body are artificial ones used to replace natural ones. (MEDICAL)
ADJ: ADJ n
= artificial

prostitute

[D.J.:ˈprɔstɪˌtu:t, -ˌtju:t]

[K.K.:ˈprɑstɪˌtut, -ˌtjut]

n.

卖淫者;妓女;男妓

prostitute **

1. prostitute prostitutes
A prostitute is a person, usually a woman, who has sex with men in exchange for money.

- He admitted last week he paid for sex with a prostitute.

- ...male prostitutes.

N-COUNT

2. prostitute prostitutes prostituting prostituted
If someone prostitutes a woman or if a woman prostitutes herself, she has sex or is made to have sex with men for money.

- ...this terrible story of famine and a woman who's forced to prostitute herself in order to get food.

- ...prostituting his beautiful daughters.

VB

3. prostitute prostitutes prostituting prostituted
If you prostitute yourself or your talents, you do work for money or to be famous, rather than because you think it is good work or the right thing to do.

- Higher education is being forced to prostitute itself to market forces.

- ...haunted by the idea of his friends whispering about his having prostituted his talent.

VB

prostitute

noun

1.

whore

call girl

fallen woman

harlot

hooker U.S. slang

loose woman

pro slang

scrubber Brit. & Austral. slang

streetwalker

strumpet

tart informal

trollop

verb

2.

cheapen

debase

degrade

demean

devalue

misapply

pervert

profane

prostitution

[D.J.:ˌprɔstɪˈtu:ʃən, -ˈtju:-]

[K.K.:ˌprɑstɪˈtuʃən, -ˈtju-]

n.

卖淫;作践自己

滥用某事物

prostitution *

prostitution
Prostitution means having sex with people in exchange for money.

- She eventually drifts into prostitution.

- ...the leader of a drugs and prostitution ring.

N-UNCOUNT

prostrate

[D.J.:ˈprɔsˌtreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈprɑsˌtret]

adj.

卧倒的, 俯卧的, 拜倒的(尤指因筋疲力尽或为表示顺从、敬意等)

被某事物所制服的;瓦解的;无能为力的

vt.

使俯伏;使拜倒

(指疾病、天气等)使某人无能为力

prostrating

虚弱的

prostrate

1. prostrate prostrates prostrating prostrated
If you prostrate yourself, you lie down flat on the ground, on your front, usually to show respect for God or a person in authority.

- They reached the throne of their king, and prostrated themselves in awe and fear.

VB

2. prostrate
If you are lying prostrate , you are lying flat on the ground, on your front.

- Percy was lying prostrate, his arms outstretched and his eyes closed.

ADJ: ADJ after v

3. prostrate
If someone is prostrate , they are so distressed or affected by a very bad experience that they are unable to do anything at all. (FORMAL)

- Immediately after my father's death my stepmother was prostrate.

- I was prostrate with grief.

- ...his country's prostrate economy.

ADJ: oft ADJ with n
= devastated

prostrate

adjective

1.

prone

flat

horizontal

2.

exhausted

dejected

depressed

desolate

drained

inconsolable

overcome

spent

worn out

verb

3.

exhaust

drain

fatigue

sap

tire

wear out

weary

prostrate oneself

4.

bow down to

abase oneself

fall at (someone's) feet

grovel

kneel

kowtow

protagonist

[D.J.:prəʊˈtægənɪst]

[K.K.:proˈtæɡənɪst]

n.

(戏剧的)主角

(故事的)主人公;现实事件(尤指冲突和争端的)主要参与者, 主要人物

领导者;倡导者;拥护者

protagonist *

1. protagonist protagonists
Someone who is a protagonist of an idea or movement is a supporter of it. (FORMAL)

- He was one of the most active protagonists of British membership of the EEC.

- ...the main protagonists of their countries' integration into the world market.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= proponent champion ≠ critic

2. protagonist protagonists
A protagonist in a play, novel, or real event is one of the main people in it. (FORMAL)

- ...the protagonist of J. D. Salinger's novel `The Catcher in the Rye'...

- The chief protagonists in the row are Visa and Mastercard, the world's leading credit-card brands.

N-COUNT

protagonist

noun

1.

supporter

advocate

champion

exponent

2.

leading character

central character

hero or heroine

principal

protean

[D.J.:ˈprəʊti:ən, prəʊˈti:-]

[K.K.:ˈprotiən, proˈti-]

adj.

多变的;易变的;变化多端的

protean

protean
If you describe someone or something as protean , you mean that they have the ability to continually change their nature, appearance, or behaviour. (FORMAL)

- He is a protean stylist who can move from blues to ballads and grand symphony.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

protect

[D.J.:prəˈtekt]

[K.K.:prəˈtɛkt]

vt.

保护; 保卫

关税保护

protected

保护性成色剂

protect ****

1. protect protects protecting protected
To protect someone or something means to prevent them from being harmed or damaged.

- So, what can women do to protect themselves from heart disease?.

- A long thin wool coat and a purple headscarf protected her against the wind.

- The government is committed to protecting the interests of tenants.

VB
= defend

2. protect protects protecting protected
If an insurance policy protects you against an event such as death, injury, fire, or theft, the insurance company will give you or your family money if that event happens.

- Many manufacturers have policies to protect themselves against blackmailers.

VB

protected

protected
Protected is used to describe animals, plants, and areas of land which are not allowed, by law, to be destroyed, harmed, or damaged.

- In England, thrushes are a protected species so you will not find them on any menu.

- ...a protected zone of national forest.

ADJ

protect

verb

keep safe

defend

guard

look after

preserve

safeguard

save

screen

shelter

shield

stick up for informal

support

watch over

protection

[D.J.:prəˈtekʃən]

[K.K.:prəˈtɛkʃən]

n.

保护, 保卫

贸易保护措施

防护物

(向歹徒缴纳的)保护费

protection ****

1. protection protections
To give or be protection against something unpleasant means to prevent people or things from being harmed or damaged by it.

- Such a diet is widely believed to offer protection against a number of cancers.

- It is clear that the primary duty of parents is to provide protection for our children.

- Innocence and decent living are no protection from the evil elements within our society.

- The birch is still considered a protection against evil spirits by some people in northern Europe.

N-VAR

2. protection
If an insurance policy gives you protection against an event such as death, injury, fire, or theft, the insurance company will give you or your family money if that event happens.

- The new policy is believed to be the first scheme to offer protection against an illness.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N against n
= security

3. protection protections
Protections are laws and other official measures intended to protect people's rights and freedoms.

- ...civil rights bills providing a myriad of protections for gays, women and the disabled.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= safeguard

4. protection
If a government has a policy of protection , it helps its own industries by putting a tax on imported goods or by restricting imports in some other way.

- Over the same period trade protection has increased in the rich countries.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ free trade

5. protection
If criminals offer people protection , they demand money from them and in return promise not to hurt them or damage their property.

- A businessman who refused to pay protection money was shot nine times.

- ...protection rackets.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

protection

noun

1.

safety

aegis

care

custody

defence

protecting

safeguard

safekeeping

security

2.

safeguard

barrier

buffer

cover

guard

screen

shelter

shield

protectionism

[D.J.:prəˈtekʃənizəm]

[K.K.:prəˈtɛkʃəˌnɪzəm]

n.

保护主义; 贸易保护制度

protectionism *

protectionism
Protectionism is the policy some countries have of helping their own industries by putting a large tax on imported goods or by restricting imports in some other way.

- The aim of the current round of talks is to promote free trade and to avert the threat of increasing protectionism.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ free trade

protectionist

[prəˈtekʃənist]

n.

贸易保护主义者

protectionist *

1. protectionist protectionists
A protectionist is someone who agrees with and supports protectionism.

- Trade frictions between the two countries had been caused by trade protectionists.

N-COUNT

2. protectionist
Protectionist policies, measures, and laws are meant to stop or reduce imports.

- ...the European Community's protectionist agricultural policies.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ free trade

protective

[D.J.:prəˈtektiv]

[K.K.:prəˈtɛktɪv]

adj.

保护的, 防护的

显示保护意愿的

protectively

[D.J.:prəˈtektɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:prəˈt ɛktɪvlɪ]

adv.

保护(性)地;防护地

protective **

1. protective
Protective means designed or intended to protect something or someone from harm.

- Protective gloves reduce the absorption of chemicals through the skin.

- Protective measures are necessary if the city's monuments are to be preserved.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. protective
If someone is protective towards you, they look after you and show a strong desire to keep you safe.

- He is very protective towards his mother.

- Glynis was beside her, putting a protective arm around her shoulders.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ towards/of n

3. protectively

- Simon drove me to the airport, gave me a bear-hug and protectively told me to look after myself.

ADV: ADV with v

4. protectiveness

- What she felt now was protectiveness towards her brothers, her sister and her new baby.

N-UNCOUNT

protective

adjective

protecting

defensive

fatherly

maternal

motherly

paternal

vigilant

watchful

protective custody

protective custody
If a witness in a court case is being held in protective custody , they are being kept in prison in order to prevent them from being harmed.

- They might be doing me a good turn if they took me into protective custody.

N-UNCOUNT

protector

[D.J.:prəˈtektə]

[K.K.:prəˈtɛktɚ]

n.

保护者, 防御者

保护装置;保护器;保护物

protector *

1. protector protectors
If you refer to someone as your protector , you mean that they protect you from being harmed.

- Many mothers see their son as a potential protector and provider.

N-COUNT

2. protector protectors
A protector is a device that protects someone or something from physical harm.

- He was the only National League umpire to wear an outside chest protector.

N-COUNT: usu n N

protector

noun

defender

bodyguard

champion

guard

guardian

patron

protectorate

[D.J.:prəˈtektərɪt]

[K.K.:prəˈtɛktərɪt]

n.

受保护国;受保护领地

protectorate

protectorate protectorates
A protectorate is a country that is controlled and protected by a more powerful country.

- In 1914 the country became a British protectorate.

N-COUNT

prot´eg´e *

prot´eg´e prot´eg´es
The prot´eg´e of an older and more experienced person is a young person who is helped and guided by them over a period of time.

- He had been a prot´eg´e of Captain James.

- ...Klimt's young prot´eg´e, Egon Schiele.

N-COUNT The spelling prot´eg´ee is often used when referring to a woman.

protein

[D.J.:ˈprəuti:n]

[K.K.:ˈproˌtin, -tiɪn]

n.

蛋白质

protein ***

protein proteins
Protein is a substance found in food and drink such as meat, eggs, and milk. You need protein in order to grow and be healthy.

- Fish was a major source of protein for the working man.

- ...a high protein diet.

N-MASS

pro tem

pro tem
If someone has a particular position or job pro tem , they have it temporarily. (FORMAL)

- ...the president pro tem of the California State Senate.

ADV: n ADV

protest

[D.J.:ˈprəutest]

[K.K.:ˈprotɛst ]

n.

抗议; 反对

[prəˈtest]

vt. & vi.

声明; 抗议

protest ****

1. protest protests protesting protested
If you protest against something or about something, you say or show publicly that you object to it. In American English, you usually say that you protest it.

- Groups of women took to the streets to protest against the arrests.

- The students were protesting at overcrowding in the university hostels.

- They were protesting soaring prices.

- He picked up the cat before Rosa could protest.

VB

2. protest protests
A protest is the act of saying or showing publicly that you object to something.

- The opposition now seems too weak to stage any serious protests against the government.

- The unions called a two-hour strike in protest at the railway authority's announcement.

- ...a protest march.

N-VAR: oft N against/at/about n

3. protest protests protesting protested
If you protest that something is the case, you insist that it is the case, when other people think that it may not be.

- When we tried to protest that Mo was beaten up they didn't believe us.

- `I never said any of that to her,' he protested.

- He has always protested his innocence.

VB

4. protest protests
A protest that something is true is a strong declaration that it is true.

- That was how she usually dealt with their protests that she was spoiling her grandchildren.

N-COUNT: usu N that
= protestation

protest

noun

1.

objection

complaint

dissent

outcry

protestation

remonstrance

verb

2.

object

complain

cry out

demonstrate

demur

disagree

disapprove

express disapproval

oppose

remonstrate

3.

assert

affirm

attest

avow

declare

insist

maintain

profess

Protestant

[D.J.:ˈprɔtistənt]

[K.K.:ˈprɑtɪstənt]

n.

新教徒(指16世纪脱离罗马天主教之基督教团体或后来由其形成的教派成员)

adj.

新教徒的

Protestant **

1. Protestant Protestants
A Protestant is a Christian who belongs to the branch of the Christian church which separated from the Catholic church in the sixteenth century.
N-COUNT

2. Protestant
Protestant means relating to Protestants or their churches.

- Most Protestant churches now have women ministers.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

Protestantism

[D.J.:ˈprɔtɪstənˌtɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈprɑtɪstənˌtɪzəm]

n.

新教;新教教义;新教教会

Protestantism

Protestantism
Protestantism is the set of Christian beliefs that are held by Protestants.

- ...the spread of Protestantism.

N-UNCOUNT

protestation

[D.J.:ˌprɔtɪˈsteɪʃən, ˌprəʊtɪ-, -te-]

[K.K.:ˌprɑtɪˈsteʃən, ˌprotɪ-, -tɛ-]

n.

(严正的)声明

protestation

protestation protestations
A protestation is a strong declaration that something is true or not true. (FORMAL)

- Despite his constant protestations of devotion and love, her doubts persisted.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= avowal

protestation

noun

declaration

affirmation

avowal

profession

vow

protester

[D.J.:prəʊˈtestə]

[K.K.:proˈt ɛstɚ]

n.

抗议者;反对者;拒绝者

断言者

protester **

protester protesters
Protesters are people who protest publicly about an issue.

- The protesters say the government is corrupt and inefficient.

- ...anti-abortion protesters.

N-COUNT also protestor .

protester

noun

demonstrator

agitator

rebel

protest vote

protest vote protest votes
In an election, a protest vote is a vote against the party you usually support in order to show disapproval of something they are doing or planning to do.
N-COUNT

proto-

pref.

表示“第一,主要”之义

proto-

proto-
Proto- is used to form adjectives and nouns which indicate that something is in the early stages of its development.

- ...the proto-fascist tendencies of some of its supporters.

- ...Albion, whose own legend stretches back to the mists of proto-history.

PREFIX

protocol

[D.J.:ˈprəʊtəˌkɔ:l, -ˌkəʊl, -ˌkɔl]

[K.K.:ˈprotəˌkɔl, -ˌkol, -ˌkɑl]

n.

礼仪;外交礼仪

(外交条约的)草案,草约;(尤指)议定的条款,议定书

protocol *

1. protocol protocols
Protocol is a system of rules about the correct way to act in formal situations.

- He has become something of a stickler for the finer observances of royal protocol.

- ...minor breaches of protocol.

N-VAR

2. protocol protocols
A protocol is a set of rules for exchanging information between computers.
N-COUNT

3. protocol protocols
A protocol is a written record of a treaty or agreement that has been made by two or more countries. (FORMAL)

- ...the Montreal Protocol to phase out use and production of CFCs...

- There are also protocols on the testing of nuclear weapons.

N-COUNT
= accord

4. protocol protocols
A protocol is a plan for a course of medical treatment, or a plan for a scientific experiment. (AM, FORMAL)

- ...the detoxification protocol.

N-COUNT

protocol

noun

code of behaviour

conventions

customs

decorum

etiquette

manners

propriety

proton

[D.J.:ˈprəʊˌtɔn]

[K.K.:ˈproˌtɑn]

n.

质子

proton *

proton protons
A proton is an atomic particle that has a positive electrical charge. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

prototype

[D.J.:ˈprəutətaip]

[K.K.:ˈprotəˌtaɪp]

n.

原型, 雏形, 蓝本

prototype **

1. prototype prototypes
A prototype is a new type of machine or device which is not yet ready to be made in large numbers and sold.

- Chris Retzler has built a prototype of a machine called the wave rotor.

- ...the first prototype aircraft.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, N n

2. prototype prototypes
If you say that someone or something is a prototype of a type of person or thing, you mean that they are the first or most typical one of that type.

- He was the prototype of the elder statesman.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

prototype

noun

original

example

first

model

pattern

standard

type

prototypical

prototypical
Prototypical is used to indicate that someone or something is a very typical example of a type of person or thing. (FORMAL)

- Park Ridge is the prototypical American suburb.

- ...a prototypical socialist.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= typical

protozoa

[prəutəuˈzəuə]

n.

杀原生动物药;原生动物

protozoan

[D.J.:ˌprəutəuˈzəuən]

[K.K.:ˌprotəˈzoən]

n.

原生动物

protozoan

protozoan protozoa or protozoans
Protozoa are very small organisms which often live inside larger animals. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl

protracted

[D.J.:prəˈtræktɪd]

[K.K.: proˈtræktɪd]

adj.

拖延的;长时间的；延长的

protracted *

protracted
Something, usually something unpleasant, that is protracted lasts a long time, especially longer than usual or longer than you hoped. (FORMAL)

- However, after protracted negotiations Ogden got the deal he wanted.

- ...a protracted civil war...

- The struggle would be bitter and protracted.

ADJ-GRADED
= lengthy prolonged

protracted

adjective

extended

dragged out

drawn-out

long-drawn-out

prolonged

spun out

protractor

[D.J.:prəˈtræktə]

[K.K.:proˈtræktɚ, prə-]

n.

量角器, 分度规

protractor

protractor protractors
A protractor is a flat, semi-circular piece of plastic or metal which is used for measuring angles.
N-COUNT

protrude

[D.J.:prəʊˈtru:d]

[K.K.:proˈtrud]

vt. & vi.

(使某物)伸出;(使某物)突出

protrude *

1. protrude protrudes protruding protruded
If something protrudes from somewhere, it sticks out. (FORMAL)

- ...a huge round mass of smooth rock protruding from the water...

- The tip of her tongue was protruding slightly.

VB
= stick out

2. protruding

- ...protruding ears.

ADJ-GRADED

protrude

verb

stick out

bulge

come through

extend

jut

obtrude

project

stand out

protrusion

[D.J.:prəˈtru:ʒən]

[K.K.:proˈtruʒən]

n.

伸出,突出

protrusion

protrusion protrusions
A protrusion is something that sticks out from something. (FORMAL)

- He grabbed at a protrusion of rock with his right hand.

N-COUNT
= lump

protrusion

noun

projection

bulge

bump

lump

outgrowth

protuberance

protuberance

[D.J.:prəʊˈtu:bərəns, -ˈtju:-, prə-]

[K.K.:proˈtubərəns, -ˈtju-, prə-]

n.

突起

瘤;结节

protuberant

[D.J.:prəʊˈtu:bərənt, -ˈtju:-, prə-]

[K.K.:proˈtubərənt, -ˈtju-, prə-]

adj.

隆起的

凸出的,显眼的,显著的

protuberance

n.

protuberance

protuberance protuberances
A protuberance is a rounded part that sticks out from the surface of something. (FORMAL)

- ...a protuberance on the upper jawbone.

N-COUNT
= lump

protuberance

noun

bulge

bump

excrescence

hump

knob

lump

outgrowth

process

prominence

protrusion

swelling

protuberant

protuberant
Protuberant eyes, lips, noses, or teeth stick out more than usual from the face. (FORMAL)

- ...a high-beaked nose and large protuberant eyes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= protruding

proud

[D.J.:praud]

[K.K.:praʊd]

adj.

有自尊心的

自豪的, 得意的

骄傲的, 傲慢的, 妄自尊大的

proudly

[D.J.:ˈpraʊdlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpraʊdlɪ]

adv.

自豪地；高兴地；感到光荣地

得意扬扬地；骄傲地；夸耀地

傲慢地,自负地

堂皇地,壮丽地

proud ***

1. proud prouder proudest
If you feel proud , you feel pleased about something good that you possess or have done, or about something good that a person close to you has done.

- I felt proud of his efforts.

- They are proud that she is doing well at school.

- I am proud to be a Canadian.

- Derek is now the proud father of a bouncing baby girl.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of n, ADJ that/to-inf
≠ ashamed

2. proudly

- `That's the first part finished,' he said proudly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. proud prouder proudest
Your proudest moments or achievements are the ones that you are most proud of.

- This must have been one of the proudest moments of his busy and hard working life.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n, usu ADJ-superl

4. proud prouder proudest
Someone who is proud has respect for themselves and does not want to lose the respect that other people have for them.

- He was too proud to ask his family for help and support.

- We are a proud people. We are not used to begging or taking things.

ADJ-GRADED

5. proud prouder proudest
Someone who is proud feels that they are better or more important than other people.

- She was said to be proud and arrogant.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= arrogant vain ≠ humble

6. proud
If one object stands proud of another object that it is attached to or next to, it extends beyond it. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- The handles stand proud of the doors of the car.

ADJ: ADJ after v

7. proud
If someone does you proud , they treat you very well, for example by welcoming you and giving you good food and entertainment. (INFORMAL)

- The hotel has indeed done them proud.

PHR: V inflects

proud

adjective

1.

satisfied

content

glad

gratified

pleased

well-pleased

2.

conceited

arrogant

boastful

disdainful

haughty

imperious

lordly

overbearing

self-satisfied

snobbish

supercilious

prove

[D.J.:pru:v]

[K.K.:pruv]

vt.

证明

检验; 试验

proved

被证实的

proven

[D.J.:ˈpru:vən]

[K.K.:ˈpruvən]

adj.

经过验证或证实的

proving

[D.J.:ˈpru:viŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpruvɪŋ]

n.

校对

prove ****

1. prove proves proving proved proven
If something proves to be true or to have a particular quality, it becomes clear after a period of time that it is true or has that quality.

- We have been accused of exaggerating before, but unfortunately all our reports proved to be true.

- In the past this process of transition has often proven difficult.

- ...an experiment which was to prove a source of inspiration for many years to come.

V-LINK The forms proved and proven can both be used as a past participle
= turn out

2. prove proves proving proved proven
If you prove that something is true, you show by means of argument or evidence that it is definitely true.

- You brought this charge. You prove it! I have nothing to say.

- The results prove that regulation of the salmon farming industry is inadequate.

- ...trying to prove how groups of animals have evolved...

- That made me hopping mad and determined to prove him wrong.

- History will prove him to have been right all along.

- ...a proven cause of cancer.

VB The forms proved and proven can both be used as a past participle

3. prove proves proving proved proven
If you prove yourself to have a certain good quality, you show by your actions that you have it.

- Margaret proved herself to be a good mother.

- As a composer he proved himself adept at large dramatic forms.

- A man needs time to prove himself.

- Few would argue that this team has experience and proven ability.

VB The forms proved and proven can both be used as a past participle

4. prove
If you prove a point , you show other people that you know something or can do something, although your action may have no other purpose.

- It seemed pretty pointless to me to make a 3,000 mile detour simply to prove a point.

PHR: V inflects The forms proved and proven can both be used as a past participle

proven

Proven is a past participle of prove . Proven is the usual form of the past participle when you are using it as an adjective.

prove

verb

1.

verify

authenticate

confirm

demonstrate

determine

establish

justify

show

substantiate

2.

test

analyse

assay

check

examine

try

3.

turn out

come out

end up

result

proven

adjective

established

attested

confirmed

definite

proved

reliable

tested

verified

provenance

[D.J.:ˈprɔvənəns, -ˌnɑ:ns]

[K.K.:ˈprɑvənəns, -ˌnɑns]

n.

起源;出处

provenance

provenance provenances
The provenance of something is the place that it comes from or that it originally came from. (FORMAL)

- Kato was fully aware of the provenance of these treasures.

- He had no idea of its provenance.

N-VAR: usu with poss
= origin source

proverb

[D.J.:ˈprɔvəb]

[K.K.:ˈprɑvˌɚb]

n.

谚语, 格言

proverb

proverb proverbs
A proverb is a short sentence that people often quote, which gives advice or tells you something about life.

- An old Arab proverb says, `The enemy of my enemy is my friend'.

N-COUNT
= saying

proverb

noun

saying

adage

dictum

maxim

saw

proverbial

[D.J.:prəˈvə:biəl]

[K.K.:prəˈvɚbiəl]

adj.

出名的, 众所周知的

谚语的, 谚语所表达的

proverbial *

1. proverbial
You use proverbial to show that you know the way you are describing something is one that is often used or is part of a popular saying.

- The limousine sped off down the road in the proverbial cloud of dust.

- My audience certainly isn't the proverbial man in the street.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. proverbial
Something that is proverbial is very well-known by a lot of people.

- His mastery of the French language was proverbial.

ADJ

proverbial

adjective

conventional

acknowledged

axiomatic

current

famed

famous

legendary

notorious

traditional

typical

well-known

provide

[D.J.:prəˈvaid]

[K.K.:prəˈvaɪd]

vt. & vi.

提供; 供给; 供应

vt.

规定

provided

[D.J.:prəˈvaidid]

[K.K.:prəˈvaɪdɪd]

conj.

如果, 假如

只有…才…; 以…为条件

provider

[D.J.:prəˈvaɪdə]

[K.K.:prəˈvaɪdɚ]

n.

供应者;提供者;(尤指)维持家庭生计者

providing

[D.J.:prəˈvaɪdɪŋ]

[K.K.:prəˈvaɪdɪŋ]

conj.

如果；假如；在…条件下

provide *****

1. provide provides providing provided
If you provide something that someone needs or wants, or if you provide them with it, you give it to them or make it available to them.

- I'll be glad to provide a copy of this.

- They would not provide any details.

- The government was not in a position to provide them with food.

VB
= supply

2. provider providers

- They remain the main providers of sports facilities.

N-COUNT

3. provide provides providing provided
If a law or agreement provides that something will happen, it states that it will happen. (FORMAL)

- The treaty provides that, by the end of the century, the United States must have removed its bases.

- The Act provides that only the parents of a child have a responsibility for that child's financial support.

VB
= stipulate

provided **

provided
If you say that something will happen provided or provided that something else happens, you mean that the first thing will happen only if the second thing also happens.

- The other banks are going to be very eager to help, provided that they see that he has a specific plan.

- Provided they are fit I see no reason why they shouldn't go on playing for another four or five years.

CONJ-SUBORD
= so long as providing

providing *

providing
If you say that something will happen providing or providing that something else happens, you mean that the first thing will happen only if the second thing also happens.

- I do believe in people being able to do what they want to do, providing they're not hurting someone else.

- Providing they do not panic, I believe that their chances of survival will be beyond 95 per cent.

CONJ-SUBORD
= provided so long as

provide

verb

1.

supply

cater

equip

furnish

outfit

purvey

stock up

2.

give

add

afford

bring

impart

lend

present

produce

render

serve

yield

provide for or against

3.

take precautions

anticipate

forearm

plan ahead

plan for

prepare for

provide for

4.

support

care for

keep

maintain

sustain

take care of

provider

noun

1.

supplier

donor

giver

source

2.

breadwinner

earner

supporter

wage earner

providing provided

conjunction

on condition that

as long as

given

provide for *****

1. provide for provides for; providing for; provided for
If you provide for someone, you support them financially and make sure that they have the things that they need.

- Elaine wouldn't let him provide for her.

- Her father always ensured she was well provided for.

PHR-V

2. provide for provides for; providing for; provided for
If you provide for something that might happen or that might need to be done, you make arrangements to deal with it.

- James had provided for just such an emergency.

PHR-V

3. provide for provides for; providing for; provided for
If a law or agreement provides for something, it makes it possible. (FORMAL)

- The bill also provides for the automatic review by the appeal court of all death sentences.

PHR-V

providence

[D.J.:ˈprɔvɪdəns, -ˌdens]

[K.K.:ˈprɑvɪdəns, -ˌdɛns]

n.

天道,天意

远见;卓识

tempt providence

玩命；冒险

providence *

providence
Providence is God, or a force which is believed by some people to arrange the things that happen to us. (LITERARY)

- The first Slav pope, John Paul, said that providence had chosen him to proclaim the spiritual unity of Europe.

- These women regard his death as an act of providence.

N-UNCOUNT
= fate

providence

noun

fate

destiny

fortune

providential

[D.J.:ˌprɔviˈdenʃl]

[K.K.:ˌprɑvɪˈdɛnʃəl]

adj.

凑巧的; 幸运的

providentially

照天意,靠天佑

providential

1. providential
A providential event is lucky because it happens at exactly the right time. (FORMAL)

- He explained the yellow fever epidemic as a providential act to discourage urban growth.

- The pistols were loaded so our escape is indeed providential.

ADJ-GRADED
= fortunate

2. providentially

- Providentially, he had earlier made friends with a Russian Colonel.

ADV

providential

adjective

lucky

fortuitous

fortunate

happy

heaven-sent

opportune

timely

province

[D.J.:ˈprɔvins]

[K.K.:ˈprɑvɪns]

n.

省份, 大行政区

范围, 职责, 领域

province ***

1. province provinces
A province is a large section of a country which has its own administration.

- The Algarve, Portugal's southernmost province, has become one of the most popular destinations for British holidaymakers.

N-COUNT

2. province provinces
The provinces are all the parts of a country except the part where the capital is situated.

- The government plans to transfer some 30,000 government jobs from Paris to the provinces.

N-PLURAL: usu the N

3. province
If you say that a subject or activity is a particular person's province , you mean that this person has a special interest in it, a special knowledge of it, or a special responsibility for it.

- Arvo avoided committing himself. `I'm afraid that's not my province,' he replied.

- Industrial research is the province of the Department of Trade and Industry.

N-SING: with poss
= area

province

noun

1.

region

colony

department

district

division

domain

patch

section

zone

2.

area

business

capacity

concern

duty

field

function

line

responsibility

role

sphere

provincial

[D.J.:prəˈvɪnʃəl]

[K.K.:prəˈvɪnʃəl]

adj.

大行政区的;省的

<贬>褊狭的;守旧的;迂腐的

n.

<贬>首都以外的人;地区居民

provincially

adv.

外省地;地方地

provincial **

1. provincial
Provincial means connected with the parts of a country away from the capital city.

- Jeremy Styles, 34, was the house manager for a provincial theatre for ten years.

- ...in Rasht, the provincial capital of Gilan province.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. provincial
If you describe someone or something as provincial , you disapprove of them because you think that they are old-fashioned and boring.

- He decided to revamp the company's provincial image.

- The audience was dull and very provincial.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ sophisticated

3. provincial provincials
A provincial is someone who comes from a part of a country away from the capital city.

- Owen died an unknown provincial.

N-COUNT

provincial

adjective

1.

rural

country

hick informal chiefly U.S. & Canad.

homespun

local

rustic

2.

narrow-minded

insular

inward-looking

limited

narrow

parochial

small-minded

small-town chiefly U.S.

unsophisticated

noun

3.

yokel

country cousin

hayseed U.S. & Canad. informal

hick informal chiefly U.S. & Canad.

rustic

provincialism

[D.J.:prəˈvinʃlˌɪzəm]

[K.K.:prəˈvɪnʃəˌlɪzəm]

n.

地方主义; 地方偏狭观念

provincialism

provincialism
Provincialism is the holding of old-fashioned attitudes and opinions, which some people think is typical of people in areas away from the capital city of a country.

- ...the stifling bourgeois provincialism of Buxton.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

proving ground

proving ground proving grounds
If you describe a place as a proving ground , you mean that new things or ideas are tried out or tested there.

- New York is a proving ground today for the Democratic presidential candidates.

N-COUNT

provision

[D.J.:prəˈviʒən]

[K.K.:prəˈvɪʒən]

n.

供应, 提供, 供给

准备, 防备

食物和饮料

规定, 条款, 条件

provision ***

1. provision
The provision of something is the act of giving it or making it available to people who need or want it.

- The department is responsible for the provision of residential care services.

- ...nursery provision for children with special needs.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, with supp, oft N of n

2. provision provisions
If you make provision for something that might happen or that might need to be done, you make arrangements to deal with it.

- Mr King asked if it had ever occurred to her to make provision for her own pension.

- There is no provision for funding performance-related pay rises.

N-VAR: usu N for n/-ing

3. provision
If you make provision for someone, you support them financially and make sure that they have the things that they need.

- Special provision should be made for children.

- There are very generous provisions for the mother.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, N for n

4. provision provisions
A provision in a law or an agreement is an arrangement which is included in it.

- He backed a provision that would allow judges to delay granting a divorce decree in some cases.

- The bill's provision for the sale and purchase of land faces stiff opposition from conservatives.

N-COUNT

5. provision provisions
Provisions are supplies of food. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- On board were enough provisions for two weeks.

N-PLURAL
= supplies

provision

noun

1.

supplying

catering

equipping

furnishing

providing

2.

condition

clause

demand

proviso

requirement

rider

stipulation

term

provisions

plural noun

food

comestibles

eatables

edibles

fare

foodstuff

rations

stores

supplies

victuals

provisional

[D.J.:prəˈvɪʒənəl]

[K.K.:prəˈvɪʒənəl]

adj.

暂时的;临时的

provisionally

adv.

暂时地,临时地

provisional **

1. provisional
You use provisional to describe something that has been arranged or appointed for the present, but may be changed in the future.

- ...the possibility of setting up a provisional coalition government...

- If you have never held a driving licence before, you should apply for a provisional licence.

- It was announced that the times were provisional and subject to confirmation.

ADJ

2. provisionally

- The European Community has provisionally agreed to increase the quotas.

ADV: ADV with v

provisional

adjective

1.

temporary

interim

2.

conditional

contingent

limited

qualified

tentative

proviso

[D.J.:prəˈvaɪzəʊ]

[K.K.:prəˈvaɪzo]

n.

限制性条款;附文

proviso

proviso provisos
A proviso is a condition in an agreement. You agree to do something if this condition is fulfilled.

- I told Norman I would invest in his venture as long as he agreed to one proviso.

- Okay, with the proviso that Jane agrees, I accept.

N-COUNT: oft N that
= condition

proviso

noun

condition

clause

qualification

requirement

rider

stipulation

provocation

[D.J.:ˌprɔvəˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌprɑvəˈkeʃən]

n.

挑衅;激怒;刺激

愤怒的原因;激怒人的事

provocation *

provocation provocations
If you describe a person's action as provocation or a provocation , you mean that it is a reason for someone else to react angrily, violently, or emotionally.

- He denies murder on the grounds of provocation.

- The soldiers fired without provocation.

- The Deputy Commander has condemned this weekend's protest as deliberate provocation.

N-VAR: usu prep N

provocation

noun

1.

cause

grounds

incitement

motivation

reason

stimulus

2.

offence

affront

annoyance

challenge

dare

grievance

indignity

injury

insult

taunt

provocative

[D.J.:prəˈvɔkətiv]

[K.K.:prəˈvɑkətɪv]

adj.

煽动性的, 刺激性的, 挑衅的

provocative *

1. provocative
If you describe something as provocative , you mean that it is intended to make people react angrily or argue against it.

- He has made a string of outspoken and sometimes provocative speeches in recent years.

- His behavior was called provocative and antisocial.

ADJ-GRADED

2. provocatively

- The soldiers fired into the air when the demonstrators behaved provocatively.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. provocative
If you describe someone's clothing or behaviour as provocative , you mean that it is intended to make someone feel sexual desire.

- Some adolescents might be more sexually mature and provocative than others.

ADJ-GRADED

4. provocatively

- She smiled provocatively.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

provocative

adjective

offensive

annoying

galling

goading

insulting

provoking

stimulating

provoke

[D.J.:prəˈvəuk]

[K.K.:prəˈvok]

vt.

激起; 惹怒

provoking

[D.J.:prəˈvəʊkɪŋ]

[K.K.:prəˈvokɪŋ]

adj.

令人生气的；使人恼火的

刺激的

provoke ***

1. provoke provokes provoking provoked
If you provoke someone, you deliberately annoy them and try to make them behave aggressively.

- He started beating me when I was about fifteen but I didn't do anything to provoke him.

- I provoked him into doing something really stupid.

VB
= goad

2. provoke provokes provoking provoked
If something provokes a reaction, it causes it.

- His election success has provoked a shocked reaction.

- The destruction of the mosque has provoked anger throughout the Muslim world.

VB

provoke

verb

1.

anger

aggravate informal

annoy

enrage

hassle informal

incense

infuriate

irk

irritate

madden

rile

2.

cause

bring about

elicit

evoke

incite

induce

occasion

produce

promote

prompt

rouse

stir

provost

[D.J.:ˈprɔvəst]

[K.K.:ˈproˌvost, -vəst, ˈprɑvəst]

n.

(英国某些大学中的)学院院长

(美国某些大学的)教务长

(苏格兰的)市长, 镇长, 区长

座堂主任; 教区长

provost

1. provost provosts
In some university colleges in Britain, the provost is the head.
N-COUNT

2. provost provosts
In some colleges and universities in the United States, a provost is an official who deals with matters such as the teaching staff and the courses of study.
N-COUNT

3. provost provosts
A provost is the chief magistrate of a Scottish administrative area.
N-COUNT

4. provost provosts
In the Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches, a provost is the person who is in charge of the administration of a cathedral.
N-COUNT

prow

[D.J.:praʊ]

[K.K.:praʊ]

n.

<正>船首

prow

prow prows
The prow of a ship or boat is the front part of it.
N-COUNT

prowess

[D.J.:ˈpraʊɪs]

[K.K.:ˈpraʊɪs]

n.

勇敢;勇猛

高超的技艺;非凡的才能

prowess *

prowess
Someone's prowess is their great skill at doing something. (FORMAL)

- He's always bragging about his prowess as a cricketer.

- The best and the brightest pupils competed to demonstrate their intellectual prowess.

N-UNCOUNT

prowess

noun

1.

skill

accomplishment

adeptness

aptitude

excellence

expertise

genius

mastery

talent

2.

bravery

courage

daring

fearlessness

heroism

mettle

valiance

valour

prowl

[D.J.:praʊl]

[K.K.:praʊl]

vi.

小心翼翼地移动

徘徊

n.

徘徊

be/go on the prowl

(动物)悄然潜行(以觅食)

(人)(为抓捕或行窃等)潜行；悄悄巡行以寻找

prowl *

1. prowl prowls prowling prowled
If an animal or a person prowls around, they move around quietly, for example when they are hunting.

- He prowled around the room, not sure what he was looking for or even why he was there.

VB

2. prowl
If an animal is on the prowl , it is hunting. If a person is on the prowl , they are hunting for something such as a sexual partner or a business deal.

- Their fellow travellers are a mix of honeymooners, single girls on the prowl and elderly couples.

- The new administration are on the prowl for ways to reduce spending.

PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR for n

prowl

verb

move stealthily

skulk

slink

sneak

stalk

steal

prowler

[D.J.:ˈpraʊlə(r)]

[K.K.: ˈpraʊlɚ]

n.

徘徊者

小偷

prowler

prowler prowlers
A prowler is someone who secretly follows people or hides near their houses, especially at night, in order to steal something, frighten them, or perhaps harm them.
N-COUNT

proximity

[D.J.:prɔkˈsimiti]

[K.K.:prɑkˈsɪmɪti]

n.

接近, 附近

proximity *

proximity
Proximity to a place or person is nearness to that place or person. (FORMAL)

- Part of the attraction is Darwin's proximity to Asia.

- He became aware of the proximity of the Afghans.

- Families are no longer in close proximity to each other.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N to/of n, in N
= closeness

proximity

noun

nearness

closeness

proxy

[D.J.:ˈprɔksi:]

[K.K.:ˈprɑksi]

n.

代表权;代理权(尤指投票);代理人,代表

proxy *

1. proxy
If you do something by proxy , you arrange for someone else to do it for you.

- Those not attending the meeting may vote by proxy.

N-UNCOUNT: usu by N

2. proxy proxies
A proxy is a person or thing that is acting or being used in the place of someone or something else.

- Price differences are used as a proxy for differences in quality.

N-COUNT: usu N for n

proxy

noun

representative

agent

delegate

deputy

factor

substitute

Prozac

Prozac
Prozac is a drug that is used to treat people who are suffering from depression. (TRADEMARK)
N-UNCOUNT

prude

[D.J.:pru:d]

[K.K.:prud]

n.

<贬>极端或过分拘谨的人;(尤指对性问题)大惊小怪的人

prude

prude prudes
If you call someone a prude , you mean that they are too easily shocked by things relating to sex.
N-COUNT disapproval

prudence

[D.J.:ˈpru:dns]

[K.K.:ˈprudn..s]

n.

智慧;远见

prudence *

prudence
Prudence is care and good sense that someone shows when making a decision or taking action. (FORMAL)

- Western businessmen are showing remarkable prudence in investing in the region.

- A lack of prudence may lead to financial problems.

N-UNCOUNT
= good sense ≠ rashness stupidity

prudence

noun

common sense

care

caution

discretion

good sense

judgment

vigilance

wariness

wisdom

prudent

[D.J.:ˈpru:dnt]

[K.K.:ˈprudnt]

adj.

审慎的; 有先见之明的; 判断力强的

prudently

[D.J.:ˈpru:dəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈprudəntlɪ]

adv.

智虑地

谨慎地;慎重地

精明地

prudent *

1. prudent
Someone who is prudent is sensible and careful.

- It is always prudent to start any exercise programme gradually at first.

- Being a prudent and cautious person, you realise that the problem must be resolved.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
= sensible ≠ rash

2. prudently

- I believe it is essential that we act prudently.

- Prudently, Joanna spoke none of this aloud.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

prudent

adjective

1.

sensible

careful

cautious

discerning

discreet

judicious

politic

shrewd

vigilant

wary

wise

2.

thrifty

canny

careful

economical

far-sighted

frugal

provident

sparing

prudery

[D.J.:ˈpru:dəri:]

[K.K.:ˈprudəri]

n.

拘谨;(尤指对性问题)大惊小怪

prudery

prudery
Prudery is prudish behaviour or attitudes.
N-UNCOUNT disapproval

prudish

[D.J.:ˈpru:dɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈprudɪʃ]

adj.

过分拘谨的

prudishly

adv.

过分拘谨地

prudish

1. prudish
If you describe someone as prudish , you mean that they are too easily shocked by things relating to sex.

- I'm not prudish but I think these photographs are obscene.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. prudishness

- Older people will have grown up in a time of greater sexual prudishness.

N-UNCOUNT
= prudery

prudish

adjective

prim

old-maidish informal

overmodest

priggish

prissy informal

proper

puritanical

starchy informal

strait-laced

stuffy

Victorian

prune

[D.J.:pru:n]

[K.K.:prun]

n.

西梅脯, 西梅干

vt.

修剪(树木等)

精简某事物; 除去某事物多余的部分

pruning

[D.J.:ˈpru:niŋ]

[K.K.:ˈprunɪŋ]

n.

修枝,剪枝,修剪

prune **

1. prune prunes
A prune is a dried plum.
N-COUNT

2. prune prunes pruning pruned
When you prune a tree or bush, you cut off some of the branches so that it will grow better the next year.

- You have to prune a bush if you want fruit.

- There is no best way to prune, apart from making sure tools are sharp and every cut is clean.

VB

3. prune back prunes back; pruning back; pruned back
Prune back means the same as prune .

- Apples, pears and cherries can be pruned back when they've lost their leaves.

PHR-V

4. prune prunes pruning pruned
If you prune something, you cut out all the parts that you do not need.

- Firms are cutting investment and pruning their product ranges.

VB

5. prune back prunes back; pruning back; pruned back
Prune back means the same as prune .

- The company has pruned back its workforce by 20,000 since 1989.

PHR-V

prune

verb

cut

clip

dock

reduce

shape

shorten

snip

trim

prurience

[D.J.:ˈprʊərɪəns]

[K.K.:ˈprʊrɪəns]

n.

<正><贬>好色；迷恋；淫欲

(焦躁等的)渴望

prurient

[D.J.:ˈprʊəri:ənt]

[K.K.:ˈprʊriənt]

adj.

好色的,淫秽的,引起淫欲的

prurience

n.

prurience

prurience
Prurience is a strong interest that someone shows in sexual matters. (FORMAL)

- Nobody ever lost money by overestimating the public's prurience.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

prurient

prurient
If you describe someone as prurient , you mean that they show too much interest in sexual matters. (FORMAL)

- We read the gossip written about them with prurient interest.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= salacious

pry

[D.J.:prai]

[K.K.:praɪ]

vi.

打听, 刺探(他人的私事)

vt.

撬开

prying

[D.J.:ˈpraiiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpraɪɪŋ]

adj.

爱打听的

pry *

1. pry pries prying pried
If someone pries , they try to find out about someone else's private affairs, or look at their personal possessions.

- We do not want people prying into our affairs.

- Imelda might think she was prying.

- She thought she was safe from prying eyes and could do as she wished.

VB
= snoop

2. pry pries prying pried
If you pry something open or pry it away from a surface, you force it open or away from a surface.

- They pried open a sticky can of blue paint.

- I pried the top off a can of chilli.

- Prying off the plastic lid, she took out a small scoop.

VB
= prize

3. pry pries prying pried
If you pry something such as information out of someone, you persuade them to tell you although they may be very unwilling to. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use prize )

- ...their attempts to pry the names from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms.

VB

pry

verb

be inquisitive

be nosy informal

interfere

intrude

meddle

poke

snoop informal

prying

adjective

inquisitive

curious

interfering

meddlesome

meddling

nosy informal

snooping informal

spying

PS

postscript附言,附录,跋

Postscript页描述语言文件的后缀

PS *

PS
You write PS to introduce something that you add at the end of a letter after you have signed it.

- PS. Please show your friends this letter and the enclosed leaflet.

also P.S.

psalm

[D.J.:sɑ:m]

[K.K.:sɑm]

n.

赞美诗,圣诗,圣歌

(《圣经旧约》中的)《诗篇》

psalm

psalm psalms
The Psalms are the 150 songs, poems, and prayers which together form the Book of Psalms in the Bible.

- He recited a verse of the twenty-third psalm.

N-COUNT

psalm

noun

hymn

chant

psephology

[D.J.:si:ˈfɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:siˈfɑlədʒi]

n.

选举学

psephologist

n.

psephologist

psephologist psephologists
A psephologist studies how people vote in elections.
N-COUNT

pseud

adj.

假的,伪的;不诚实的,伪善的

pseud

pseud pseuds
If you say that someone is a pseud , you mean that they are trying to appear very intellectual but you think that they appear silly. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval
= poser

pseudo-

pref.

表示“伪,假拟,虚”之义

pseudo-

pseudo-
Pseudo- is used to form adjectives and nouns that indicate that something is not the thing it is claimed to be. For example, if you describe a country as a pseudo-democracy, you mean that it is not really a democracy, although its government claims that it is.

- ...pseudo-intellectual images.

PREFIX

pseudo-

adjective

false

artificial

fake

imitation

mock

phoney or phony informal

pretended

sham

spurious

pseudonym

[D.J.:ˈsu:dnˌɪm]

[K.K.:ˈsudn..ˌɪm]

n.

假名;化名;(尤指)笔名

pseudonym

pseudonym pseudonyms
A pseudonym is a name which someone, usually a writer, uses instead of his or her real name.

- Both plays were published under the pseudonym of Philip Dayre.

N-COUNT: oft N of/for n
= alias

pseudonym

noun

false name

alias

assumed name

incognito

nom de plume

pen name

psoriasis

[D.J.:psɔ(:)ˈraiəsis]

[K.K.:səˈraɪəsɪs]

n.

牛皮癣,银屑癣

psoriasis

psoriasis
Psoriasis is a disease that causes dry red patches on the skin.
N-UNCOUNT

psst

[D.J.:pst]

[K.K.:pst]

int.

为引起人的注意时所发的声音

psst

psst
Psst is a sound that someone makes when they want to attract another person's attention secretly or quietly.

- `Psst! Come over here!' one youth hissed furtively.

psych up

psych up psychs up; psyching up; psyched up
If you psych yourself up before a contest or a difficult task, you prepare yourself for it mentally, especially by telling yourself that you can win or succeed. (INFORMAL)

- After work, it is hard to psych yourself up for an hour at the gym.

- Before the game everyone gets psyched up and starts shouting.

PHR-V also psyche .

psych out

psych out psychs out; psyching out; psyched out
If you psych out your opponent in a contest, you try to make them feel less confident by behaving in a very confident or aggressive way. (INFORMAL)

- They are like heavyweight boxers, trying to psych each other out and build themselves up.

PHR-V also psyche .

psyche

[D.J.:saɪk]

[K.K.:saɪk]

n.

灵魂;心灵

vt.

使进入正常的心理状态

使激动：使…在情感上兴奋

psyche *

psyche psyches
In psychology, your psyche is your mind and your deepest feelings and attitudes. (TECHNICAL)

- `It probably shows up a deeply immature part of my psyche,' he confesses.

- His exploration of the myth brings insight into the American psyche.

N-COUNT

psyche

noun

soul

anima

individuality

mind

personality

self

spirit

psychedelia

[D.J.:ˌsaikiˈdi:liə]

[K.K.:ˌsaɪkɪˈdiliə, -ˈdiljə]

n.

幻觉剂(服用后可使人兴奋的一种麻醉剂)

psychedelia

psychedelia
Psychedelia refers to psychedelic objects, clothes, and music.
N-UNCOUNT

psychedelic

[D.J.:ˌsaɪkɪˈdelɪk]

[K.K.:ˌsaɪkɪˈdɛlɪk]

adj.

(指药物)引起幻觉的,致幻觉的

(色彩、声音等)产生迷幻效果的

psychedelic *

1. psychedelic
Psychedelic means relating to drugs such as LSD which have a strong effect on your mind, often making you see things that are not there.

- Grof describes his research with psychedelic drugs and the experiences they triggered.

- ...his first real, full-blown psychedelic experience.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= hallucinogenic

2. psychedelic
Psychedelic art has bright colours and strange patterns.

- ...psychedelic patterns.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. psychedelic
Psychedelic music is pop music, especially of the late 1960s and early 1970s, which is closely associated with drugs such as LSD.

- ...at a time when, you know, everyone was doing kind of trippy, psychedelic music.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

psychiatric

[D.J.:ˌsaɪkɪˈætrɪk]

adj.

精神病学的;治疗精神病的

psychiatric **

1. psychiatric
Psychiatric means relating to psychiatry.

- We finally insisted that he seek psychiatric help.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. psychiatric
Psychiatric means involving mental illness.

- About 4% of the prison population have chronic psychiatric illnesses.

ADJ: ADJ n

psychiatrist

[D.J.:ˌsaikiˈætrist]

[K.K.:sɪˈkaɪətrɪst, saɪ-]

n.

精神病专家, 精神病医生

psychiatrist **

psychiatrist psychiatrists
A psychiatrist is a doctor who treats people suffering from mental illness.

- Alex will probably be seeing a psychiatrist for many months or even years.

N-COUNT

psychiatrist

noun

psychotherapist

analyst

headshrinker slang

psychoanalyst

psychologist

shrink slang

therapist

psychiatry

[D.J.:sɪˈkaɪətri:, saɪ-]

[K.K.:sɪˈkaɪətri, saɪ-]

n.

精神病学;精神病治疗

psychiatry *

psychiatry
Psychiatry is the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of mental illness.
N-UNCOUNT

psychic

[D.J.:ˈsaɪkɪk]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪkɪk]

adj.

关于通灵的;超自然的

灵魂的;心灵的

(自称)通灵的,有特异功能的

n.

(自称)通灵的或有特异功能的人;巫师

psychics

[ˈsaikiks]

n.

心理学,心灵学

psychic **

1. psychic
If you believe that someone is psychic or has psychic powers , you believe that they have strange mental powers, such as being able to read the minds of other people or to see into the future.

- Trevor helped police by using his psychic powers.

ADJ-GRADED

2. psychic psychics
A psychic is someone who seems to be psychic.
N-COUNT

3. psychic
Psychic means relating to ghosts and the spirits of the dead.

- He declared his total disbelief in psychic phenomena.

ADJ

4. psychic
Psychic means relating to the mind rather than the body. (FORMAL)

- These truths cause individuals much psychic pain.

ADJ

psychic

adjective

1.

supernatural

mystic

occult

2.

mental

psychological

spiritual

psychical

[D.J.:ˈsaɪkɪkɵl]

adj.

有关特异功能现象的;有关特异功能官能的

灵魂的;心灵的

psychically

adv.

psychical

psychical
Psychical means relating to ghosts and the spirits of the dead. (FORMAL)
ADJ

psycho

[D.J.:ˈsaɪkəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪko]

n.

<非正>精神病患者;精神病人

psycho *

psycho psychos
A psycho is someone who has serious mental problems and who may act in a violent way without feeling sorry for what they have done. (INFORMAL)

- Some psycho picked her up, and killed her.

N-COUNT
= psychopath

psycho-

pref.

表示“灵魂,精神”之义

psycho-

psycho-
Psycho- is added to words in order to form other words which describe or refer to things connected with the mind or with mental processes.

- ...the psycho-social aspects of youth unemployment.

PREFIX

psychoactive

[D.J.:ˌsaɪkəʊˈæktɪv]

[K.K.:ˌsaɪkoˈæktɪv]

adj.

影响心灵的

psychoactive

psychoactive
Psychoactive drugs are drugs that affect your mind.

- Nicotine is a psychoactive drug.

ADJ

psychoanalyse

[D.J.:ˌsaɪkəʊˈænəlaɪz]

vt.

用精神分析法治疗(某人);给(某人)作精神分析

psychoanalyse

psychoanalyse psychoanalyses psychoanalysing psychoanalysed
When a psychotherapist or psychiatrist psychoanalyses someone who has mental problems, he or she examines or treats them using psychoanalysis.

- The movie sees Burton psychoanalysing Firth to cure him of his depression.

VB (AM) psychoanalyze

psychoanalysis

[D.J.:ˌsaɪkəʊəˈnælɪsɪs]

[K.K.:ˌsaɪkoəˈnælɪsɪs]

n.

精神分析(学)

psychoanalysis *

psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis is the treatment of someone who has mental problems by asking them about their feelings and their past in order to try to discover what may be causing their condition.
N-UNCOUNT
= analysis

psychoanalyst

[D.J.:ˌsaikəuˈænəlist]

n.

精神分析学家

psychoanalyst *

psychoanalyst psychoanalysts
A psychoanalyst is someone who treats people who have mental problems using psychoanalysis.
N-COUNT
= analyst

psychoanalytic

[ˈpsaikəuˌænəˈlitik]

adj.

心理分析的

psychoanalytic

psychoanalytic
Psychoanalytic means relating to psychoanalysis.

- ...psychoanalytic therapy...

- Much of her work is speculative, based on psychoanalytic theory rather than empirical data.

ADJ: ADJ n

psychobabble

[D.J.:ˌpsaikəuˈbæbl]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪkoˌbæbəl]

n.

〈美口〉心理呓语

psychobabble

psychobabble
If you refer to language about people's feelings or behaviour as psychobabble , you mean that it is very complicated and perhaps meaningless.

- Beneath the sentimental psychobabble, there's a likeable movie trying to get out.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

psychodrama

[D.J.:ˌsaikəuˈdrɑ:mə]

[K.K.:ˌsaɪkəˈdrɑmə, -ˈdræmə]

n.

心理剧

psychodrama

psychodrama psychodramas
Psychodrama is a type of psychotherapy in which people express their problems by acting them out in front of other people.
N-VAR

psychokinesis

[D.J.:ˌsaikəukiˈni:sis]

[K.K.:ˌsaɪkokɪˈnisɪs, -kaɪ-]

n.

意志力

psychokinesis

psychokinesis
Psychokinesis is the ability, which some people believe exists, to move objects using the power of your mind.
N-UNCOUNT

psychological

[D.J.:ˌsaikəˈlɔdʒikəl]

[K.K.:ˌsaɪkəˈlɑdʒɪkəl]

adj.

心理的; 精神的

心理学的; 关于心理学的

psychologically

[D.J.:saɪkəˈl ɔd ʒɪklɪ]

[K.K.:saɪkəˈl ɑd ʒɪklɪ]

adv.

心理上地;心理学地

psychological ***

1. psychological
Psychological means concerned with a person's mind and thoughts.

- John received constant physical and psychological abuse from his father.

- Robyn's loss of memory is a psychological problem, rather than a physical one.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= mental

2. psychologically

- It was very important psychologically for us to succeed.

- ...a psychologically disturbed person.

ADV: ADV with cl, ADV adj/adv

3. psychological
Psychological also means relating to psychology.

- ...psychological testing.

ADJ: ADJ n

psychological

adjective

1.

mental

cerebral

intellectual

2.

imaginary

all in the mind

irrational

psychosomatic

unreal

psychological warfare

psychological warfare
Psychological warfare consists of attempts to make your enemy lose confidence, give up hope, or feel afraid, so that you can win.
N-UNCOUNT

psychologist

[D.J.:saɪˈkɔlədʒɪst]

[K.K.:saɪˈkɑlədʒɪst]

n.

心理学研究者;心理学家

psychologist **

psychologist psychologists
A psychologist is a person who studies the human mind and tries to explain why people behave in the way that they do.

- Psychologists tested a group of six-year-olds with a video.

N-COUNT

psychology

[D.J.:saiˈkɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:saɪˈkɑlədʒi]

n.

心理学

心理; 心理特点

psychology **

1. psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and the reasons for people's behaviour.

- ...Professor of Psychology at Bedford College.

N-UNCOUNT

2. psychology
The psychology of a person is the kind of mind that they have, which makes them think or behave in the way that they do.

- ...a fascination with the psychology of murderers.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

psychology

noun

1.

behaviourism

science of mind

study of personality

2.

way of thinking

attitude

mental make-up

mental processes

thought processes

what makes one tick

psychometric

[ˌpsaikəuˈmetrik]

adj.

心理测量的,心理测量学的

psychometric

psychometric
Psychometric tests are designed to test a person's mental state, personality, and thought processes.

- Psychometric testing is simply a way of measuring people's individual talents and capabilities.

ADJ: ADJ n

psychopath

[D.J.:ˈsaɪkəˌpæθ]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪkəˌpæθ]

n.

精神变态者,精神病患者

psychopath

psychopath psychopaths
A psychopath is someone who has serious mental problems and who may act in a violent way without feeling sorry for what they have done.

- She was abducted by a dangerous psychopath.

N-COUNT

psychopath

noun Informal

madman

headbanger informal

headcase informal

lunatic

maniac

nutcase slang

nutter Brit. slang

psychotic

sociopath

psychopathic

[D.J.:ˌsaikəuˈpæθik]

[K.K.:ˌsaɪkəˈpæθɪk]

adj.

精神病的,精神错乱的,要发疯似的

n.

精神变态者

psychopathic

psychopathic
Someone who is psychopathic is a psychopath.

- ...a report labelling him psychopathic.

- ...a psychopathic killer.

ADJ

psychosis

[D.J.:saɪˈkəʊsɪs]

[K.K.:saɪˈkosɪs]

n.

精神病

psychosis *

psychosis psychoses
Psychosis is mental illness of a severe kind which can make people lose contact with reality. (MEDICAL)

- He may have some kind of neurosis or psychosis later in life.

- ...senile psychoses.

N-VAR

psychosomatic

[D.J.:ˌsaikəusəuˈmætik]

[K.K.:ˌsaɪkosoˈmætɪk]

adj.

受心理影响的,精神身体相关的

psychosomatic

psychosomatic
If someone has a psychosomatic illness, their symptoms are caused by worry or unhappiness rather than by a physical problem.

- Doctors refused to treat her, claiming that her problems were all psychosomatic.

ADJ

psychotherapist

[D.J.:ˈsaikəuˈθerəpist]

[K.K.:ˌsaɪkoˈθɛrəpɪst]

n.

采用精神治疗法的医生

psychotherapist *

psychotherapist psychotherapists
A psychotherapist is a person who treats people who are mentally ill using psychotherapy.
N-COUNT

psychotherapy

[D.J.:ˌsaɪkəʊˈθerəpi:]

[K.K.:ˌsaɪkoˈθɛrəpi]

n.

精神疗法;心理疗法

psychotherapy *

psychotherapy
Psychotherapy is the use of psychological methods in treating people who are mentally ill, rather than using physical methods such as drugs or surgery.

- For milder depressions, certain forms of psychotherapy do work well.

- ...monthly psychotherapy sessions.

N-UNCOUNT

psychotic

[D.J.:saɪˈkɔtɪk]

[K.K.:saɪˈkɑtɪk]

adj.

精神病的;患精神病的

psychotic *

1. psychotic
Someone who is psychotic has a type of severe mental illness. (MEDICAL)

- The man, who police believe is psychotic, is thought to be responsible for eight attacks.

ADJ

2. psychotic psychotics
Also a noun.

- A religious psychotic in Las Vegas has killed four people.

N-COUNT

psychotic

adjective

mad

certifiable

demented

deranged

insane

lunatic

mental slang

non compos mentis

unbalanced

psychotropic

[D.J.:ˌsaikəuˈtrɔpik]

[K.K.:ˌsaɪkəˈtropɪk, -ˈtrɑpɪk]

adj.

(药物)作用于精神的

psychotropic

psychotropic
Psychotropic drugs are drugs that affect your mind.
ADJ

pt

abbr.

Portugal 葡萄牙

pt

abbr.

Portugal 葡萄牙

pt *

1. pt
pt is a written abbreviation for pint .

- ...1 pt single cream.

The spelling pt. is also used, mainly in American English. The plural is either pt or pts

2. pt
pt is the written abbreviation for point .

- Here's how it works. 3 pts for a correct result, 1 pt for the correct winning team.

The spelling pt. is also used, mainly in American English.

PTA

abbr.

Parent-Teacher Asociation 家庭教师协会

PTA

abbr.

Parent-Teacher Asociation 家庭教师协会

PTA

PTA PTAs
A PTA is a school association run by some of the parents and teachers to discuss matters that affect the children and to organize events to raise money. PTA is an abbreviation for `parent-teacher association'.
N-COUNT

Pte

Pte
Pte is used before a person's name as a written abbreviation for the military title Private . (BRIT; in AM use Pvt. )

- ...Pte Owen Butler.

N-TITLE

PTO

abbr.

Power Take Off 动力输出

Please Turn Over 请翻过来

PTO

abbr.

Power Take Off 动力输出

Please Turn Over 请翻过来

PTO

PTO
PTO is a written abbreviation for `please turn over'. You write it at the bottom of a page to indicate that there is more writing on the other side.
also P.T.O .

PTSD

PTSD
PTSD is an abbreviation for post-traumatic stress disorder .
N-UNCOUNT

pub

[D.J.:pʌb]

[K.K.:pʌb]

n.

酒店, 酒馆

pub ***

pub pubs
A pub is a building where people can have drinks, especially alcoholic drinks, and talk to their friends. Many pubs also serve food. (mainly BRIT)

- He was in the pub until closing time.

- Richard used to run a pub.

N-COUNT

pub public house

noun

tavern

bar

inn

pub crawl

pub crawl pub crawls
If people go on a pub crawl , they go from one pub to another having drinks in each one. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- David had been on a pub crawl with pals from his rugby club.

N-COUNT

puberty

[D.J.:ˈpju:bəti:]

[K.K.:ˈpjubəti]

n.

青春期

puberty *

puberty
Puberty is the stage in someone's life when their body starts to become physically mature.

- Margaret had reached the age of puberty.

N-UNCOUNT

puberty

noun

adolescence

pubescence

teens

pubescent

[D.J.:pju(:)ˈbesnt]

[K.K.:pjuˈbɛsənt]

adj.

思春期的,有软毛的

pubescent

pubescent
A pubescent girl or boy has reached the stage in their life when their body is becoming physically like an adult's. (FORMAL)

- ...a horde of pubescent boys and girls who tug at his microphone.

ADJ

pubic

[D.J.:ˈpju:bik]

[K.K.:ˈpjubɪk]

adj.

阴毛的,阴部的,耻骨的

pubic

pubic
Pubic means relating to the area just above a person's genitals.

- ...pubic hair.

ADJ: ADJ n

public

[D.J.:ˈpʌblik]

[K.K.:ˈpʌblɪk]

adj.

公众的

公共的, 公用的

公开的, 当众的

n.

公众, 大众, 民众

…界; 某一阶层的人们

publicly

[D.J.:ˈpʌblɪkli:]

[K.K.:ˈpʌblɪkli]

adv.

公开地,公然地

由公众(或政府);为公众所同意;以公众名义

public *****

1. public
You can refer to people in general, or to all the people in a particular country or community, as the public .

- Lauderdale House is now open to the public.

- Pure alcohol is not for sale to the general public.

- Trade unions are regarding the poll as a test of the public's confidence in the government.

N-SING-COLL: the N

2. public
You can refer to a set of people in a country who share a common interest, activity, or characteristic as a particular kind of public .

- Market research showed that 93% of the viewing public wanted a hit film channel.

- ...the American voting public.

N-SING-COLL: supp N

3. public
Public means relating to all the people in a country or community.

- The President is attempting to drum up public support for his economic program.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. public
Public means relating to the government or state, or things that are done for the people by the state.

- The social services account for a substantial part of public spending.

ADJ: ADJ n
= government state

5. publicly

- ...publicly funded legal services.

ADV: ADV -ed

6. public
Public buildings and services are provided for everyone to use.

- ...the New York Public Library...

- The new museum must be accessible by public transport.

- ...a public health service available to all.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ private

7. public
A public place is one where people can go about freely and where you can easily be seen and heard.

- ...the heavily congested public areas of international airports...

- I avoid working in places which are too public.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ private

8. public
If someone is a public figure or in public life , many people know who they are because they are often mentioned in newspapers and on television.

- The Archbishop of Canterbury yesterday hit out at public figures who commit adultery.

- I'd like to see more women in public life, especially Parliament.

ADJ: ADJ n

9. public
Public is used to describe statements, actions, and events that are made or done in such a way that any member of the public can see them or be aware of them.

- The National Heritage Committee has conducted a public inquiry to find the answer.

- The comments were the ministry's first detailed public statement on the subject.

- Marilyn made her last public appearance at Madison Square Garden.

ADJ: ADJ n

10. publicly

- He never spoke publicly about the affair.

- Every move the President makes is publicly discussed as openly as possible.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

11. public
If a fact is made public or becomes public , it becomes known to everyone rather than being kept secret.

- Blair wants any new evidence on IRA pub bombs made public.

- The facts could cause embarrassment if they ever became public.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

12. public
If someone is in the public eye , many people know who they are, because they are famous or because they are often mentioned on television or in the newspapers.

- One expects people in the public eye to conduct their personal lives with a certain decorum.

- He has kept his wife and daughter out of the public eye.

PHR: prep PHR

13. public
If a company goes public , it starts selling its shares on the stock exchange.

- In 1951 AC went public, having achieved an average annual profit of more than £50,000.

PHR: V inflects

14. public
If you say or do something in public , you say or do it when a group of people are present.

- By-laws are to make it illegal to smoke in public.

PHR: PHR after v
= publicly

public

adjective

1.

general

civic

common

national

popular

social

state

universal

widespread

2.

communal

accessible

open

unrestricted

3.

well-known

important

prominent

respected

4.

plain

acknowledged

known

obvious

open

overt

patent

noun

5.

people

citizens

community

electorate

everyone

nation

populace

society

public address system

public address system public address systems
A public address system is a set of electrical equipment which allows someone's voice, or music, to be heard throughout a large building or area. The abbreviation PA is also used.

- The news was announced on the public address system at the high school.

N-COUNT

publican

[D.J.:ˈpʌblikən]

[K.K.:ˈpʌblɪkən]

n.

收税员,酒馆老板

publican

publican publicans
A publican is a person who owns or manages a pub. (BRIT, FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= landlady landlord

publication

[D.J.:ˌpʌbliˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌpʌblɪˈkeʃən]

n.

发表, 公布

出版, 刊行, 发行

出版物, 书刊

publication ***

1. publication
The publication of a book or magazine is the act of printing it and sending it to shops to be sold.

- The guide is being translated into several languages for publication near Christmas.

- The publication of his collected poems was approaching the status of an event.

N-UNCOUNT

2. publication publications
A publication is a book or magazine that has been published.

- They have started legal proceedings against two publications which spoke of an affair.

N-COUNT

3. publication
The publication of something such as information is the act of making it known to the public, for example by informing journalists or by publishing a government document.

- A spokesman said: `We have no comment regarding the publication of these photographs.'

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

publication

noun

1.

pamphlet

brochure

issue

leaflet

magazine

newspaper

periodical

title

2.

announcement

broadcasting

declaration

disclosure

notification

proclamation

publishing

reporting

public bar

public bar public bars
In a British pub, a public bar is a room where the furniture is plain and the drinks are cheaper than in the pub's other bars.
N-COUNT

public company *

public company public companies
A public company is a company whose shares can be bought by the general public.
N-COUNT

public convenience

public convenience public conveniences
A public convenience is a toilet in a public place for everyone to use. (BRIT, FORMAL)
N-COUNT

public defender

public defender public defenders
A public defender is a lawyer who is employed by a city or county to represent people who are accused of crimes but cannot afford to pay for a lawyer themselves. (AM)
N-COUNT

public domain

public domain
If information is in the public domain , it is not secret and can be used or discussed by anyone.

- It is outrageous that the figures are not in the public domain.

- The state of their marriage has been put into the public domain.

N-SING: usu in the N

public house

public house public houses
A public house is the same as a pub . (BRIT, FORMAL)
N-COUNT

publicist

[D.J.:ˈpʌblɪsɪst]

[K.K.:ˈpʌblɪsɪst]

n.

宣传人员;宣传代理人

政论家;时事评论员

publicist *

publicist publicists
A publicist is a person whose job involves getting publicity for people, events, or things such as films or books.
N-COUNT

publicity

[D.J.:pʌbˈlisiti]

[K.K.:pʌˈblɪsɪti]

n.

公众的注意, 众所周知

宣传, 宣扬

publicity ***

1. publicity
Publicity is information or actions that are intended to attract the public's attention to someone or something.

- Much advance publicity was given to the talks.

- ...government publicity campaigns...

- It was all a publicity stunt.

N-UNCOUNT

2. publicity
When the news media and the public show a lot of interest in something, you can say that it is receiving publicity .

- The case has generated enormous publicity in Brazil.

- ...the renewed publicity over the Casey affair.

N-UNCOUNT

publicity

noun

advertising

attention

boost

hype

plug informal

press

promotion

publicity agent

publicity agent publicity agents
A publicity agent is a person whose job is to make sure that a large number of people know about a person, show, or event so that they are successful.
N-COUNT

publicize

[D.J.:ˈpʌblɪˌsaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈpʌblɪˌsaɪz]

vt.

宣传(某事物)(尤指用广告)

publicize **

publicize publicizes publicizing publicized
If you publicize a fact or event, you make it widely known to the public.

- The author appeared on television to publicize her latest book.

- He never publicized his plans.

- ...his highly publicized trial this summer.

VB (BRIT) also publicise

publicize

verb

advertise

hype

make known

play up

plug informal

promote

push

public limited company

public limited company public limited companies
A public limited company is the same as a public company . The abbreviation plc is used after such companies' names.
N-COUNT

public nuisance

public nuisance public nuisances
If something or someone is, or causes, a public nuisance , they break the law by harming or annoying members of the public. (LEGAL)

- ...the 45-day jail sentence he received for causing a public nuisance after taking part in a demonstration...

- Back in the 1980s drug users were a public nuisance in Zurich.

N-COUNT: usu sing

public opinion **

public opinion
Public opinion is the opinion or attitude of the public regarding a particular matter.

- He mobilized public opinion all over the world against hydrogen-bomb tests.

N-UNCOUNT

public property

1. public property
Public property is land and other assets that belong to the general public and not to a private owner.

- ...vandals who wrecked public property...

- Half of the north-west's timber land is public property.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ private property

2. public property
If you describe a person or thing as public property , you mean that information about them is known and discussed by everyone.

- He couldn't handle being public property.

- She complained that intimate aspects of her personal life had been made public property.

N-UNCOUNT

public prosecutor

public prosecutor public prosecutors
A public prosecutor is an official who puts people on trial on behalf of the government and people of a particular country.
N-COUNT

public relations **

1. public relations
Public relations is the part of an organization's work that is concerned with obtaining the public's approval for what it does. The abbreviation PR is often used.

- The move was good public relations.

- George is a public relations officer for The John Bennett Trust.

N-UNCOUNT
= PR

2. public relations
You can refer to the opinion that the public has of an organization as public relations .

- Limiting casualties is important for public relations.

N-PLURAL

public school **

1. public school public schools
In Britain, a public school is a private school that provides secondary education which parents have to pay for. The pupils often live at the school during the school term.

- He was headmaster of a public school in the West of England.

- ...the boy from the streets who went to public school.

N-VAR
≠ state school

2. public school public schools
In the United States, Australia, and many other countries, a public school is a school that is supported financially by the government and usually provides free education.

- ...Milwaukee's public school system.

N-VAR

public sector **

public sector
The public sector is the part of a country's economy which is controlled or supported financially by the government.

- ...Carlos Menem's policy of reducing the public sector and opening up the economy to free-market forces...

- To keep economic reform on track, 60,000 public-sector jobs must be cut.

N-SING: the N
≠ private sector

public servant

public servant public servants
A public servant is a person who is appointed or elected to a public office, for example working for a local or state government.
N-COUNT

public service *

1. public service public services
A public service is something such as health care, transport, or the removal of waste which is organized by the government or an official body in order to benefit all the people in a particular society or community.

- The money is used by local authorities to pay for public services.

- ...a strike by public service workers.

N-COUNT

2. public service
You use public service to refer to activities and jobs which are provided or paid for by a government, especially through the civil service.

- ...a distinguished career in public service.

- ...the idea of low-wage public service jobs.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

3. public service
Public service broadcasting consists of television and radio programmes supplied by an official or government organization, rather than by a commercial company. Such programmes often provide information or education, as well as entertainment.
ADJ: ADJ n

4. public service
Public service activities and types of work are concerned with helping people and providing them with what they need, rather than making a profit.

- ...the notion of public service and obligation which has been under such attack.

- ...an egalitarian society based on cooperation and public service.

N-UNCOUNT

5. public service public services
If you perform a public service , you do something that helps or benefits the people in a particular community.

- Sportsmen are performing a public service by bringing the joys of major-league baseball to their communities.

N-COUNT: usu sing

public-spirited

[D.J.:ˈpʌblikˈspiritid]

[K.K.:ˌpʌblɪkˈspɪrɪtɪd]

adj.

有公德心的,有爱国心的

public-spirited

public-spirited
A public-spirited person tries to help the community that they belong to.

- Thanks to a group of public-spirited citizens, the Krippendorf garden has been preserved.

ADJ-GRADED

public-spirited

adjective

altruistic

charitable

humanitarian

philanthropic

unselfish

public utility

public utility public utilities
Public utilities are services provided by the government or state, such as the supply of electricity and gas, or the train network.

- Officials said water supplies and other public utilities in the capital were badly affected.

N-COUNT
= public service

public works *

public works
Public works are buildings, roads, and other projects that are built by the government or state for the public.
N-PLURAL

publish

[D.J.:ˈpʌbliʃ]

[K.K.:ˈpʌblɪʃ]

vt. & vi.

出版

公布

publishing

[D.J.:ˈpʌblɪʃɪŋ]

n.

出版(业)

publishing house

出版社

publish ****

1. publish publishes publishing published
When a company publishes a book or magazine, it prints copies of it, which are sent to shops to be sold.

- They publish reference books.

- His latest book of poetry will be published by Faber in May.

VB

2. publish publishes publishing published
When the people in charge of a newspaper or magazine publish a piece of writing or a photograph, they print it in their newspaper or magazine.

- The ban was imposed after the magazine published an article satirising the government.

- I don't encourage people to take photographs like this without permission, but by law we can publish.

VB
= print

3. publish publishes publishing published
If someone publishes a book or an article that they have written, they arrange to have it published.

- John Lennon found time to publish two books of his humorous prose.

VB

4. publish publishes publishing published
If you publish information or an opinion, you make it known to the public by having it printed in a newspaper, magazine, or official document.

- The demonstrators called on the government to publish a list of registered voters.

VB

publishing ***

publishing
Publishing is the profession of publishing books.

- I had a very high-powered job in publishing.

N-UNCOUNT

publish

verb

1.

put out

issue

print

produce

2.

announce

advertise

broadcast

circulate

disclose

divulge

proclaim

publicize

reveal

spread

publisher

[D.J.:ˈpʌblɪʃə]

[K.K.:ˈpʌblɪʃɚ]

n.

出版者;出版商;出版社

publisher ***

publisher publishers
A publisher is a person or a company that publishes books, newspapers, or magazines.

- The publishers planned to produce the journal on a weekly basis.

N-COUNT

publishing house *

publishing house publishing houses
A publishing house is a company which publishes books.
N-COUNT
= publishers

puce

[D.J.:pju:s]

[K.K.:pjus]

n.

深褐色

adj.

深褐色的

puce

puce
Something that is puce is a dark purple colour.

- ...Mrs Carstairs, a large, solid, round-faced woman in puce and black lace.

COLOUR

puck

[D.J.:pʌk]

[K.K.:pʌk]

n.

恶作剧的小妖精

puck

puck pucks
In the game of ice hockey, the puck is the small rubber disc that is used instead of a ball.
N-COUNT

pucker

[D.J.:ˈpʌkə]

[K.K.:ˈpʌkɚ]

vt. & vi.

(使某物)起褶子或皱纹

n.

(衣服上的)皱纹, 褶子

puckering

皱纹[褶];深压延件壁部的波纹

puckers

拉延件壁上皱纹;拉延件侧壁皱纹

pucker

1. pucker puckers puckering puckered
When a part of your face puckers or when you pucker it, it becomes tight or stretched, often because you are trying not to cry or are going to kiss someone.

- Toby's face puckered.

- She puckered her lips into a rosebud and kissed him on the nose.

V-ERG

2. puckered

- ...puckered lips...

- Across his upper arm there was a long puckered scar.

ADJ-GRADED

pucker

verb

1.

wrinkle

contract

crease

draw together

gather

knit

purse

screw up

tighten

noun

2.

wrinkle

crease

fold

puckish

[D.J.:ˈpʌkiʃ]

[K.K.:ˈpʌkɪʃ]

adj.

淘气的,恶作剧的

puckish

puckish
If you describe someone as puckish , you mean that they play tricks on people or tease them. (OLD-FASHIONED, WRITTEN)

- He had a puckish sense of humour, but was just as ready to apply it to himself as to others.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= impish

pud

[pʌd]

n.

手,前脚

pud

pud puds
Pud is the same as pudding . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...rice pud.

N-VAR

pudding

[D.J.:ˈpudiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpʊdɪŋ]

n.

(一道)甜食; 甜点心

布丁(通常用面粉经烘烤或蒸煮做成的美味甜食品)

肥胖而迟钝的人

pudding **

1. pudding puddings
A pudding is a cooked sweet food made with flour, fat, and eggs, and usually served hot.

- ...a cherry sponge pudding with warm custard.

N-VAR

2. pudding puddings
Some people refer to the sweet course of a meal as the pudding . (BRIT)

- ...a menu featuring canapes, a starter, a main course and a pudding...

- I tend to stick to fresh fruit for pudding.

N-VAR
= dessert sweet

3. pudding
If you say that the proof of the pudding is in the eating, you mean that something new can only be judged to be good or bad after it has been tried or used.
PHR

pudding

noun

dessert

afters Brit. informal

pud informal

sweet

pudding basin

pudding basin pudding basins
A pudding basin is a deep round bowl that is used in the kitchen, especially for mixing or for cooking puddings. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

puddle

[D.J.:ˈpʌdl]

[K.K.:ˈpʌdl]

n.

水坑; (尤指道路上的)雨水坑

puddle *

puddle puddles
A puddle is a small, shallow pool of liquid that has spread on the ground.

- The road was shiny with puddles, but the rain was at an end.

- ...puddles of oil.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

pudgy

[D.J.:ˈpɔdʒi]

[K.K.:ˈpʌdʒi]

adj.

矮胖的

pudgy

pudgy
If you describe someone as pudgy , you mean that they are rather fat in an unattractive way. (AM)

- He put a pudgy arm around Harry's shoulder.

ADJ-GRADED
= podgy

puerile

[D.J.:ˈpju:ərəl, ˈpjʊərəl, -ˌaɪl]

[K.K.:ˈpjuərəl, ˈpjʊrəl, -ˌaɪl]

adj.

<贬>幼稚的;孩子气的;愚蠢的

puerilely

adv.

<贬>幼稚地;孩子气地

puerilely

adv.

幼稚地,天真地

puerile

puerile
If you describe someone or something as puerile , you mean that they are silly and childish.

- Concert organisers branded the group's actions as puerile.

- The story is simple, even puerile.

- ...puerile, schoolboy humour.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= juvenile

puerile

adjective

childish

babyish

foolish

immature

juvenile

silly

trivial

puff

[D.J.:pʌf]

[K.K.:pʌf]

n.

(呼吸或风的)呼, 吹, 喷(之声)

一缕(烟、蒸汽等)

(烟斗或香烟的)一吸, 一口

puffed

疏松的

puffing

噗噗吹,夸奖

puff *

1. puff puffs puffing puffed
If someone puffs at a cigarette, cigar, or pipe, they smoke it.

- He lit a cigar and puffed at it twice.

- He nodded and puffed on a stubby pipe as he listened.

VB

2. puff puffs
Also a noun.

- She was taking quick puffs at her cigarette like a beginner.

N-COUNT
= drag

3. puff puffs puffing puffed
If you puff smoke or moisture from your mouth or if it puffs from your mouth, you breathe it out.

- Richard lit another cigarette and puffed smoke towards the ceiling.

- The weather was dry and cold; wisps of steam puffed from their lips.

V-ERG

4. puff out puffs out; puffing out; puffed out
Puff out means the same as puff .

- He drew heavily on his cigarette and puffed out a cloud of smoke.

PHR-V

5. puff puffs puffing puffed
If an engine, chimney, or boiler puffs smoke or steam, clouds of smoke or steam come out of it.

- As I completed my 26th lap the Porsche puffed blue smoke.

VB

6. puff puffs
A puff of something such as air or smoke is a small amount of it that is blown out from somewhere.

- Wind caught the sudden puff of dust and blew it inland.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

7. puff puffs puffing puffed
If you are puffing , you are breathing loudly and quickly with your mouth open because you are out of breath after a lot of physical effort.

- I know nothing about boxing, but I could see he was unfit, because he was puffing.

VB: usu cont

8. puff puffs
A puff for something such as a book, film, product, or organization is something that is done or said in order to attract people's attention and tell them how good it is. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- What is presented to the public as a critical evaluation is really an elaborate puff for him and his magazine.

N-COUNT
= plug

9. puff puffs puffing puffed
Also a verb.

- He puffed the new system by showing how badly his existing system performed by comparison.

VB

10. puff puffs
A puff is the same as a poof . (BRIT, INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT

puff out *

puff out puffs out; puffing out; puffed out
If you puff out your cheeks , you make them larger and rounder by filling them with air.

- He puffed out his fat cheeks and let out a lungful of steamy breath.

PHR-V
See also puff 2.

puffed

1. puffed
If a part of your body is puffed or puffed up , it is swollen because of an injury or because you are unwell.

- His face was a little puffed.

- His mouth was all puffed up where he had taken a rifle butt.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= swollen puffy

2. puffed
If you are puffed or puffed out , you are breathing with difficulty because you have been using a lot of energy. (INFORMAL)

- Do you get puffed out easily or can you run up and down the stairs without panting?

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= breathless

puff

noun

1.

blast

breath

draught

gust

whiff

2.

smoke

drag slang

pull

verb

3.

blow

breathe

exhale

gasp

gulp

pant

wheeze

4.

smoke

drag slang

draw

inhale

pull at or on

suck

usually with up 5.

swell

bloat

dilate

distend

expand

inflate

puff up *

puff up puffs up; puffing up; puffed up
If part of your body puffs up as a result of an injury or illness, it becomes swollen.

- Her body bloated and puffed up till pain seemed to burst out through her skin.

PHR-V
= swell

See also puffed up .

puffed up

puffed up
If you describe someone as puffed up , you disapprove of them because they are very proud of themselves and think that they are very important.

- He was too puffed up with his own importance, too blinded by vanity to accept their verdict on him.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ with n disapproval
See also puffed .

puffball

[D.J.:ˈpʌfbɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈpʌfˌbɔl]

n.

马勃(菌)

puffball

puffball puffballs
A puffball is a round fungus which bursts when it is ripe and sends a cloud of seeds into the air.
N-COUNT also puff-ball .

puffin

[D.J.:ˈpʌfin]

[K.K.:ˈpʌfɪn]

n.

角嘴海雀

puffin

puffin puffins
A puffin is a black and white seabird with a large, brightly-coloured beak.
N-COUNT

puff pastry

puff pastry
Puff pastry is a type of pastry which is very light and consists of a lot of thin layers.
N-UNCOUNT

puffiness

n.

虚胖

puffy

[D.J.:ˈpʌfɪ]

adj.

膨胀的;肿胀的

puffiness

n.

膨胀;肿胀

puffy

1. puffy puffier
If a part of someone's body, especially their face, is puffy , it has a round, swollen appearance.

- Her cheeks were puffy with crying.

- ...dark-ringed puffy eyes.

ADJ-GRADED
= swollen

2. puffiness

- He noticed some slight puffiness beneath her eyes.

N-UNCOUNT

3. puffy puffier
If you describe a cloud as puffy , you mean that it looks like a large ball of white cotton wool. Puffy clouds appear during fine weather. (LITERARY)

- The sea was blue, and white puffy clouds sailed by.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= fluffy

puffy

adjective

swollen

bloated

distended

enlarged

puffed up

pug

[D.J.:pʌɡ]

[K.K.:pʌɡ]

n.

哈巴狗,泥料,拳师,(兽)脚印,足迹

vt.

捣,拌,跟踪追寻

pug

pug pugs
A pug is a small, fat, short-haired dog with a flat face.
N-COUNT

pugilist

[ˈpju:dʒilist]

n.

拳击运动员, 职业拳师

pugilist

pugilist pugilists
A pugilist is a boxer. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

pugilist

noun

boxer

fighter

prizefighter

pugnacious

[D.J.:pʌgˈneɪʃəs]

[K.K.:pʌɡˈneʃəs]

adj.

好战的;好斗的;好挑衅的

pugnacious

pugnacious
Someone who is pugnacious is always ready to quarrel or start a fight. (FORMAL)

- The President was in a pugnacious mood when he spoke to journalists about the rebellion.

ADJ-GRADED
= argumentative

pugnacious

adjective

aggressive

belligerent

combative

hot-tempered

quarrelsome

pugnacity

[D.J.:p ʌ gˈnæsɪtɪ]

[K.K.:p ʌɡˈnæsətɪ]

n.

好斗;好战

pugnacity

pugnacity
Pugnacity is the quality of being pugnacious. (FORMAL)

- He is legendary for his fearlessness and pugnacity.

N-UNCOUNT

puke

[D.J.:pju:k]

[K.K.:pjuk]

n.

呕吐,呕吐物,吐剂

v.

呕吐

puking

冒顶

puke

1. puke pukes puking puked
When someone pukes , they vomit . (INFORMAL)

- He's puked.

- They got drunk and puked out the window.

VB

2. puke up; pukes up; puking up; puked up
Puke up means the same as puke .

- He peered at me like I'd just puked up on his jeans.

- I figured, why eat when I was going to puke it up again?

PHR-V

3. puke
Puke is the same as vomit. (INFORMAL)

- He was fully clothed and covered in puke and piss.

N-UNCOUNT

pukka

[D.J.:ˈpʌkə]

[K.K.:ˈpʌkə]

adj.

份量充足的,纯良的

pukka

pukka
If you describe something or someone as pukka , you mean that they are real or genuine, and of good quality. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...a pukka English gentleman.

ADJ-GRADED

pull

[D.J.:pul]

[K.K.:pʊl]

vt. & vi.

拉, 扯, 拔

拉过来, 拉动, 移动

划(船)

vt.

赢得, 招来, 吸引

n.

拖, 拉, 拔

爬, 攀登

影响力, 吸引力

pulled

扯[摘]下来的

pulling

[ˈpuliŋ]

n.

拉,牵引,拔,拖

pull ****

1. pull pulls pulling pulled
When you pull something, you hold it firmly and use force in order to move it towards you or away from its previous position.

- They have pulled out patients' teeth unnecessarily.

- He pulled on a jersey.

- Erica was solemn, pulling at her blonde curls.

- I helped pull him out of the water.

- Someone pulled her hair.

- He knew he should pull the trigger, but he was suddenly paralysed by fear.

- Pull as hard as you can.

- I let myself out into the street and pulled the door shut.

VB

2. pull pulls
Also a noun.

- The feather must be removed with a straight, firm pull.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. pull pulls pulling pulled
When you pull an object from a bag, pocket, or cupboard, you put your hand in and bring the object out.

- Jack pulled the slip of paper from his shirt pocket.

- Wade walked quickly to the refrigerator and pulled out another beer.

VB
= take out

4. pull pulls pulling pulled
When a vehicle, animal, or person pulls a cart or piece of machinery, they are attached to it or hold it, so that it moves along behind them when they move forward.

- This is early-20th-century rural Sussex, when horses still pulled the plough.

- He pulls a rickshaw, probably the oldest form of human taxi service.

VB

5. pull pulls pulling pulled
If you pull yourself or pull a part of your body in a particular direction, you move your body or a part of your body with effort or force.

- Hughes pulled himself slowly to his feet.

- He pulled his arms out of the sleeves.

- She tried to pull her hand free.

- Lillian brushed his cheek with her fingertips. He pulled away and said, `Don't!'

VB

6. pull pulls pulling pulled
When a driver or vehicle pulls to a stop or a halt , the vehicle stops.

- He pulled to a stop behind a pickup truck.

- The train pulled to a halt at the platform.

VB

7. pull pulls pulling pulled
In a race or contest, if you pull ahead of or pull away from an opponent, you gradually increase the amount by which you are ahead of them.

- He pulled away, extending his lead to 15 seconds.

- The six states he won in 1988 are the same states in which he has yet to pull ahead of his opponent.

VB

8. pull pulls pulling pulled
If you pull something apart , you break or divide it into small pieces, often in order to put them back together again in a different way.

- If I wanted to improve the car significantly I would have to pull it apart and start again.

VB

9. pull pulls pulling pulled
If someone pulls a gun or a knife on someone else, they take out a gun or knife and threaten the other person with it. (INFORMAL)

- They had a fight. One of them pulled a gun on the other.

- I pulled a knife and threatened her.

VB

10. pull pulls pulling pulled
To pull crowds, viewers, or voters means to attract them. (INFORMAL)

- The organisers have to employ performers to pull a crowd.

VB
= attract

11. pull in pulls in; pulling in; pulled in
Pull in means the same as pull .

- They provided a far better news service and pulled in many more viewers.

- She is still beautiful, and still pulling them in at sixty.

PHR-V

12. pull pulls pulling pulled
If something pulls you or pulls your thoughts or feelings in a particular direction, it strongly attracts you or influences you in a particular way.

- Joe felt there was little he could do to help Betty, and his heart was pulling him elsewhere.

VB

13. pull pulls
Also a noun.

- No matter how much you feel the pull of the past, make a determined effort to look to the future.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

14. pull pulls
A pull is a strong physical force which causes things to move in a particular direction.

- ...the pull of gravity.

N-COUNT

15. pull pulls pulling pulled
If you are pulling for someone, you support and encourage them, especially in a competition. (INFORMAL)

- We're all pulling for each other because we're desperate to win the Cup back.

- You know I've been pulling for you.

VB: usu cont
= root for

16. pull pulls pulling pulled
If you pull a muscle , you injure it by straining it.

- Dave pulled a back muscle and could barely kick the ball.

- He suffered a pulled calf muscle.

VB

17. pull pulls pulling pulled
If someone pulls on a cigarette , they take a deep breath with the cigarette in their mouth.

- Jeff leaned back and pulled on his cigarette.

VB
= draw

18. pull pulls
Also a noun.

- He took a deep pull of his cigarette and exhaled the smoke.

N-COUNT: usu sing

19. pull pulls pulling pulled
To pull a stunt or a trick on someone means to do something dramatic or silly in order to get their attention or trick them. (INFORMAL)

- Everyone saw the stunt you pulled on me.

VB

20. pull
If someone pulls someone else, they succeed in attracting them sexually and in spending the rest of the evening or night with them. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
VERB: V n, V

21. pull
You can say to someone ` Pull the other one ' or ` Pull the other one, it's got bells on ' to tell them that you do not believe what they have told you and you think they must be joking. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- What! A big bloke like you, beaten by his wife! Pull the other one; it's got bells on.

PHR

pull in ****

1. pull in pulls in; pulling in; pulled in
When a vehicle or driver pulls in somewhere, the vehicle stops there.

- He pulled in at the side of the road.

- The van pulled in and waited.

PHR-V

2. pull in pulls in; pulling in; pulled in
If the police pull someone in , they arrest them and take them to the police station. (INFORMAL)

- `Brady looks like a suspect.' --- `I'd pull him in.'

PHR-V

3. pull in pulls in; pulling in; pulled in
If you pull in an amount of money, you earn or collect that amount. (INFORMAL)

- I only pull in 15,000 a year as a social worker.

PHR-V

pull

verb

1.

draw

drag

haul

jerk

tow

trail

tug

yank

2.

strain

dislocate

rip

sprain

stretch

tear

wrench

3.

extract

draw out

gather

pick

pluck

remove

take out

uproot

4.

attract

draw

entice

lure

magnetize

noun

5.

tug

jerk

twitch

yank

6.

puff

drag slang

inhalation

7.

influence

clout informal

muscle

power

weight

pull away ****

1. pull away pulls away; pulling away; pulled away
When a vehicle or driver pulls away , the vehicle starts moving forward.

- I stood in the driveway and watched him back out and pull away.

PHR-V

2. pull away pulls away; pulling away; pulled away
If you pull away from someone that you have had close links with, you deliberately become less close to them.

- Other daughters, faced with their mother's emotional hunger, pull away.

- He'd pulled away from her as if she had leprosy.

PHR-V

pull back ****

1. pull back pulls back; pulling back; pulled back
If someone pulls back from an action, they decide not to do it or continue with it, because it could have bad consequences.

- They will plead with him to pull back from confrontation.

- The British government threatened to make public its disquiet but then pulled back.

PHR-V
= withdraw

2. pull back pulls back; pulling back; pulled back
If troops pull back or if their leader pulls them back , they go some or all of the way back to their own territory.

- They were asked to pull back from their artillery positions around the city.

- He pulled back forces from Mongolia, and he withdrew from Afghanistan.

PHR-V-ERG
= retreat

pull down ****

pull down pulls down; pulling down; pulled down
To pull down a building or statue means to deliberately destroy it.

- They'd pulled the registry office down which then left an open space.

- A small crowd attempted to pull down a statue.

PHR-V
= demolish

pull down

verb Informal

demolish

bulldoze

destroy

raze

remove

pull into ****

pull into pulls into; pulling into; pulled into
When a vehicle or driver pulls into a place, the vehicle moves into the place and stops there.

- He pulled into the driveway in front of her garage.

- She pulled the car into a tight parking space on a side street.

PHR-V

pull off ****

1. pull off pulls off; pulling off; pulled off
If you pull off something very difficult, you succeed in achieving it.

- The National League for Democracy pulled off a landslide victory.

- It will be a very, very fine piece of mountaineering if they pull it off.

PHR-V
= carry off

2. pull off pulls off; pulling off; pulled off
If a vehicle or driver pulls off the road , the vehicle stops by the side of the road.

- I pulled off the road at a small village pub.

- One evening, crossing a small creek, he pulled the car off the road.

PHR-V

pull off

verb

succeed

accomplish

carry out

do the trick

manage

pull out ****

1. pull out pulls out; pulling out; pulled out
When a vehicle or driver pulls out , the vehicle moves out into the road or nearer the centre of the road.

- She pulled out into the street.

- He was about to pull out to overtake the guy in front of him.

PHR-V

2. pull out pulls out; pulling out; pulled out
If you pull out of an agreement, a contest, or an organization, you withdraw from it.

- The World Bank should pull out of the project.

- France was going to pull out of NATO.

- A racing injury forced Stephen Roche to pull out.

PHR-V
= withdraw

3. pull out pulls out; pulling out; pulled out
If troops pull out of a place or if their leader pulls them out , they leave it.

- The militia in Lebanon has agreed to pull out of Beirut.

- Economic sanctions will be lifted once two-thirds of their forces have pulled out.

- His government decided to pull its troops out of Cuba.

PHR-V-ERG
= withdraw

4. pull out pulls out; pulling out; pulled out
If a country pulls out of recession or if someone pulls it out , it begins to recover from it.

- Sterling has been hit by the economy's failure to pull out of recession.

- What we want to see today are policies to pull us out of this recession.

PHR-V-ERG

pull out

verb

withdraw

depart

evacuate

leave

quit

retreat

pull over ****

1. pull over pulls over; pulling over; pulled over
When a vehicle or driver pulls over , the vehicle moves closer to the side of the road and stops there.

- He noticed a man behind him in a blue Ford gesticulating to pull over.

PHR-V

2. pull over pulls over; pulling over; pulled over
If the police pull over a driver or vehicle, they make the driver stop at the side of the road, usually because the driver has been driving dangerously.

- The officers pulled him over after a high-speed chase.

- Police pulled over his Mercedes near Dieppe.

PHR-V

pull through ****

pull through pulls through; pulling through; pulled through
If someone with a serious illness or someone in a very difficult situation pulls through , they recover.

- Everyone was very concerned whether he would pull through or not.

- It is only our determination to fight that has pulled us through.

- Finding ways of helping Russia pull through its upheavals will be the most pressing task.

PHR-V-ERG

pull through

verb

survive

get better

rally

recover

pull together ****

1. pull together pulls together; pulling together; pulled together
If people pull together , they help each other or work together in order to deal with a difficult situation.

- The nation was urged to pull together to avoid a slide into complete chaos.

- They would be far better off, materially and emotionally, if they all pulled together.

PHR-V
= join forces

2. pull together pulls together; pulling together; pulled together
If you are upset or depressed and someone tells you to pull yourself together , they are telling you to control your feelings and behave calmly again.

- Pull yourself together, you stupid woman!.

- He pulled himself together, as always, by throwing himself back into his work.

PHR-V
= get a grip on yourself

3. pull together pulls together; pulling together; pulled together
If you pull together different facts or ideas, you link them to form a single theory, argument, or story.

- Let me now pull together the threads of my argument.

- Data exists but it needs pulling together.

PHR-V
= draw together

pull up ****

1. pull up pulls up; pulling up; pulled up
When a vehicle or driver pulls up , the vehicle slows down and stops.

- The cab pulled up and the driver jumped out.

PHR-V
= draw up

2. pull up pulls up; pulling up; pulled up
If you pull up a chair , you move it closer to something or someone and sit on it.

- He pulled up a chair behind her and put his chin on her shoulder.

PHR-V
= draw up

3. pull up pulls up; pulling up; pulled up
If you pull up or if something pulls you up , you suddenly stop what you are doing.

- Suddenly, he pulled up sharply in his stride, and fell to the floor.

- She recognized at the same instant Rachel's presence. It pulled her up short.

PHR-V-ERG

4. pull up pulls up; pulling up; pulled up
If someone pulls you up or if you pull yourself up , you improve your situation or your skill at something.

- We had a very good mathematics mistress who pulled me up.

- He was made redundant and now he's trying to pull himself up again.

PHR-V

pull up on ****

pull up pulls up; pulling up; pulled up
If someone pulls you up on something, they criticize you for something wrong that you have done. (INFORMAL)

- He pulls me up on it but I don't even know where I got it from.

PHR-V
= reprimand

pull up

verb

1.

stop

brake

halt

2.

reprimand

admonish

bawl out informal

rap over the knuckles

read the riot act

rebuke

reprove

slap on the wrist

tear (someone) off a strip Brit. informal

tell off informal

pulley

[D.J.:ˈpʊli:]

[K.K.:ˈpʊli]

n.

滑轮(组);滑车

皮带轮

pulley

pulley pulleys
A pulley is a device consisting of a wheel over which a rope or chain is pulled in order to lift heavy objects.

- The weights are moved via a cable and pulley system.

N-COUNT

Pullman

[D.J.:ˈpʊlmən]

[K.K.:ˈpʊlmən]

n.

普尔曼式客车

普尔曼式卧车

Pullman

1. Pullman Pullmans
A Pullman is a type of train or railway carriage which is extremely comfortable and luxurious. You can also refer to a Pullman train or a Pullman carriage . (BRIT)
N-COUNT: oft N n

2. Pullman Pullmans
A Pullman or a Pullman car on a train is a railway car that provides beds for passengers to sleep in. (AM; in BRIT use sleeping car )
N-COUNT: oft N n

pull-out

n.

(书籍、杂志中)可拉下来的活页

pull-out

1. pull-out pull-outs
In a newspaper or magazine, a pull-out is a section which you can remove easily and keep.

- ...an eight-page pull-out supplement.

N-COUNT: usu N n

2. pull-out
When there is a pull-out of armed forces from a place, troops which have occupied an area of land withdraw from it.

- ...a pull-out from the occupied territories...

- The pull-out of the army paves the way for independence.

N-SING: oft N from/of n

pullover

[D.J.:ˈpʊlˌəʊvə]

[K.K.:ˈpʊlˌovɚ]

n.

套衫

pullover

pullover pullovers
A pullover is a piece of woollen clothing that covers the upper part of your body and your arms. You put it on by pulling it over your head.
N-COUNT
= jumper

pulmonary

[D.J.:ˈpʊlməˌneri:, ˈpʌl-]

[K.K.:ˈpʊlməˌnɛri, ˈpʌl-]

adj.

肺的,肺部的;有肺〔肺状器官〕的,肺状的;患肺部疾病的,易患肺部疾病的

pulmonary

pulmonary
Pulmonary means relating to your lungs. (MEDICAL)

- ...respiratory and pulmonary disease.

ADJ: ADJ n

pulp

[D.J.:pʌlp]

[K.K.:pʌlp]

n.

水果的肉质部分; 果肉

纸浆

低级书刊; (尤指)有刺激性的通俗读物

pulped

〈美俚〉被打得要死的

pulping

成浆;制浆

pulp *

1. pulp
If an object is pressed into a pulp , it is crushed or beaten until it is soft, smooth, and wet.

- The olives are crushed to a pulp by stone rollers.

N-SING: also no det

2. pulp
In fruit or vegetables, the pulp is the soft part inside the skin.

- Make maximum use of the whole fruit, including the pulp which is high in fibre.

N-SING: the N, also no det

3. pulp
Wood pulp is material made from crushed wood. It is used to make paper.
N-UNCOUNT

4. pulp
People refer to stories or novels as pulp fiction when they consider them to be of poor quality and intentionally shocking or sensational.

- ...lurid '50s pulp novels.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. pulp pulps pulping pulped
If paper, vegetables, or fruit are pulped , they are crushed into a smooth, wet paste.

- Onions can be boiled and pulped to a puree.

- ...creamed or pulped tomatoes.

VB: usu passive

6. pulp pulps pulping pulped
If money or documents are pulped , they are destroyed. This is done to stop the money being used or to stop the documents being seen by the public.

- 25 million pounds worth of five pound notes have been pulped because the designers made a mistake.

VB: usu passive
= shredded

7. pulp
If someone is beaten to a pulp or beaten to pulp , they are hit repeatedly until they are very badly injured.

- I tried to talk myself out of a fight and got beaten to a pulp instead by three other boys.

PHR: V inflects

pulp

noun

1.

paste

mash

mush

2.

flesh

soft part

verb

3.

crush

mash

pulverize

squash

adjective

4.

cheap

lurid

rubbishy

trashy

pulpit

[D.J.:ˈpʊlpɪt, ˈpʌl-]

[K.K.:ˈpʊlpɪt, ˈpʌl-]

n.

(教堂中的)讲坛

神职人员(的讲道)

pulpit *

pulpit pulpits
A pulpit is a small raised platform with a rail or barrier around it in a church, where a member of the clergy stands to speak.
N-COUNT

pulpy

[ˈpʌlpi]

adj.

果肉状的,多汁的,柔软的

pulpy

pulpy
Something that is pulpy is soft, smooth, and wet, often because it has been crushed or beaten.

- The chutney should be a thick, pulpy consistency.

ADJ-GRADED

pulsar

[D.J.:ˈpʌlˌsɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈpʌlˌsɑr]

n.

脉冲星;(快速)脉冲射电源

pulsar *

pulsar pulsars
A pulsar is a star that spins very fast and cannot be seen but produces regular radio signals.
N-COUNT

pulsate

[D.J.:ˈpʌlˌseɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpʌlˌset]

vi.

①有节奏地舒张及收缩;跳动;脉动

受(激情)震动,感动;激动

vt.

(使某物)有规律地振动;颤动

pulsating

[D.J.:pʌlˈseɪtɪŋ]

adj.

搏动的; 脉冲的

pulsation

[D.J.:pʌlˈseɪʃən]

[K.K.:pʌlˈseʃən]

n.

脉搏;悸动;脉动

pulsate *

1. pulsate pulsates pulsating pulsated
If something pulsates , it beats, moves in and out, or shakes with strong, regular movements.

- The Pole Star appears to be changing rapidly from a star that pulsates into one that is stable.

- ...a pulsating blood vessel.

VB

2. pulsation pulsations

- Several astronomers noted that the star's pulsations seemed less pronounced.

N-VAR

pulsate

verb

throb

beat

palpitate

pound

pulse

quiver

thump

pulse

[D.J.:pʌls]

[K.K.:pʌls]

n.

脉搏

脉冲

vi.

(心脏)跳动; 脉动

pulsed

脉冲[振,动]的;脉冲调制的;受脉冲作用的

pulsing

[ˈpʌlsiŋ]

n.

脉冲调制

pulse **

1. pulse pulses
Your pulse is the regular beating of blood through your body, which you can feel when you touch particular parts of your body, especially your wrist.

- Mahoney's pulse was racing, and he felt confused.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. pulse pulses
In music, a pulse is a regular beat, which is often produced by a drum.

- ...the repetitive pulse of the music.

N-COUNT
= tempo beat

3. pulse pulses
A pulse of electrical current, light, or sound is a temporary increase in its level.

- The switch works by passing a pulse of current between the tip and the surface.

N-COUNT

4. pulse
If you refer to the pulse of a group in society, you mean the ideas, opinions, or feelings they have at a particular time.

- The White House insists that the president is in touch with the pulse of the black community.

N-SING: the N of n

5. pulse pulses pulsing pulsed
If something pulses , it moves, appears, or makes a sound with a strong regular rhythm.

- His temples pulsed a little, threatening a headache.

- It was a slow, pulsing rhythm that seemed to sway languidly in the air.

VB
= throb

6. pulse pulses
Some seeds which can be cooked and eaten are called pulses , for example peas, beans, and lentils.
N-PLURAL

7. pulse
If you have your finger on the pulse of something, you know all the latest opinions or developments concerning it.

- He claims to have his finger on the pulse of the industry.

- It's important to keep your finger on the pulse by reading all the right magazines.

PHR: Ns inflect, usu PHR after v

8. pulse
When someone takes your pulse or feels your pulse , they find out how quickly your heart is beating by feeling the pulse in your wrist.
PHR: V and N inflect

pulse

noun

1.

beat

beating

pulsation

rhythm

throb

throbbing

vibration

verb

2.

beat

pulsate

throb

vibrate

pulverization

[ˌpʌlvəraiˈzeiʃən]

n.

弄成粉,粉碎

pulverize

[D.J.:ˈpʌlvəˌraɪz]

[K.K.:ˈpʌlvəˌraɪz]

vt.

将…弄碎,将…弄成粉末或尘埃

摧毁,粉碎

pulverization

n.

pulverizing

粉碎的

pulverize

1. pulverize pulverizes pulverizing pulverized
To pulverize something means to do great damage to it or to destroy it completely.

- ...the economic policies which pulverised the economy during the 1980s...

- A factory making armaments had been bombed the night before and a residential area not far away had been pulverized.

VB (BRIT) also pulverise
= destroy

2. pulverize pulverizes pulverizing pulverized
If someone pulverizes an opponent in an election or competition, they thoroughly defeat them. (INFORMAL)

- He is set to pulverise his two opponents in the race for the presidency.

VB (BRIT) also pulverise
= thrash

3. pulverize pulverizes pulverizing pulverized
If you pulverize something, you make it into a powder by crushing it.

- Using a pestle and mortar, pulverise the bran to a coarse powder.

- The fries are made from pellets of pulverised potato.

VB (BRIT) also pulverise
= grind

pulverize

verb

1.

crush

granulate

grind

mill

pound

2.

defeat

annihilate

crush

demolish

destroy

flatten

smash

wreck

puma

[D.J.:ˈpju:mə, ˈpu:-]

[K.K.:ˈpjumə, ˈpu-]

n.

美洲狮

puma

puma pumas
A puma is a wild animal that is a member of the cat family. Pumas have brownish-grey fur and live in mountain regions of North and South America. (mainly BRIT; in AM use mountain lion , cougar )
N-COUNT
= mountain lion cougar

pumice

[D.J.:ˈpʌmɪs]

[K.K.:ˈpʌmɪs]

n.

浮岩,浮石,轻石(轻而多孔,可以去除皮肤污垢或使皮肤光滑,其粉剂可作清洁剂或抛光剂)

pumice

pumice
Pumice is a kind of grey stone from a volcano and is very light in weight. It can be rubbed over surfaces, especially your skin, that you want to clean or make smoother.
N-UNCOUNT
= pumice stone

pumice stone

1. pumice stone pumice stones
A pumice stone is a piece of pumice that you rub over your skin in order to clean the skin or make it smoother.
N-COUNT

2. pumice stone
Pumice stone is the same as pumice .
N-UNCOUNT

pummel

[D.J.:ˈpʌməl]

[K.K.:ˈpʌməl]

vt.

(尤指用拳头)连续打

pummel

pummel pummels pummelling pummelled
If you pummel someone or something, you hit them many times using your fists.

- He trapped Conn in a corner and pummeled him ferociously for thirty seconds.

VB (AM) pummeling , pummeled

pummel

verb

beat

batter

hammer

pound

punch

strike

thump

pump

[D.J.:pʌmp]

[K.K.:pʌmp]

n.

泵, 打气筒

vt. & vi.

用抽水机汲水; 给…打气

pumped

[D.J.:pʌmpt]

[K.K.:pʌmpt]

adj.

〈俚〉喘得上气不接下气的

pumping

[ˈpʌmpiŋ]

n.

抽吸[动、水、空];泵唧[送];汲取;充[打]气,泵作用

pump ***

1. pump pumps
A pump is a machine or device that is used to force a liquid or gas to flow in a particular direction.

- ...pumps that circulate the fuel around in the engine...

- There was no water in the building, just a pump in the courtyard.

- You'll need a bicycle pump to keep the tyres topped up with air.

N-COUNT

2. pump pumps pumping pumped
To pump a liquid or gas in a particular direction means to force it to flow in that direction using a pump.

- It's not enough to get rid of raw sewage by pumping it out to sea.

- The money raised will be used to dig bore holes to pump water into the dried-up lake.

- ...drill rigs that are busy pumping natural gas...

- Age diminishes the heart's ability to pump harder and faster under exertion.

VB

3. pump pumps
A petrol or gas pump is a machine with a tube attached to it that you use to fill a car with petrol.

- There are already long queues of vehicles at petrol pumps.

- ...gas pumps.

N-COUNT: oft n N

4. pump pumps pumping pumped
If someone has their stomach pumped , doctors remove the contents of their stomach, for example because they have swallowed poison or drugs.

- She was released from hospital yesterday after having her stomach pumped.

VB: usu passive

5. pump pumps pumping pumped
If you pump money or other resources into something such as a project or an industry, you invest a lot of money or resources in it. (INFORMAL)

- Services for the elderly and disabled will necessarily be cut unless the Government pumps more money into community care.

VB
= pour

6. pump pumps pumping pumped
If you pump someone about something, you keep asking them questions in order to get information. (INFORMAL)

- He ran in every five minutes to pump me about the case.

- He must have pumped Janey for details.

- Stop trying to pump information out of me.

VB
= grill

7. pump pumps pumping pumped
To pump bullets into someone means to fire a lot of bullets into them very quickly. (WRITTEN)

- A gunman burst in and pumped five bullets into her head.

VB

8. pump pumps
Pumps are canvas shoes with flat rubber soles which people wear for sports and leisure. (mainly BRIT; in AM use trainers )
N-COUNT
= plimsoll

9. pump pumps
Pumps are women's shoes that do not cover the top part of the foot and are usually made of plain leather. (AM; in BRIT use court shoes )
N-COUNT

10. pump
To prime the pump means to do something to encourage the success or growth of something, especially the economy. (mainly AM)

- ...the use of tax money to prime the pump of the state's economy.

PHR: V inflects

pump

verb

often with into 1.

drive

force

inject

pour

push

send

supply

2.

interrogate

cross-examine

probe

quiz

pump out ***

1. pump out pumps out; pumping out; pumped out
To pump out something means to produce or supply it continually and in large amounts.

- Japanese companies have been pumping out plenty of innovative products.

- World Service Television is pumping out 24-hour news to 38 countries in Asia.

PHR-V

2. pump out pumps out; pumping out; pumped out
If pop music pumps out , it plays very loudly.

- Teenage disco music pumped out at every station.

PHR-V

pump up ***

1. pump up pumps up; pumping up; pumped up
If you pump up something such as a tyre, you fill it with air using a pump.

- I tried to pump up my back tyre.

PHR-V

2. pump up pumps up; pumping up; pumped up
If you pump yourself up for something, you prepare yourself for it mentally, especially by telling yourself that you can succeed. (INFORMAL)

- They find it difficult to pump themselves up for the games.

PHR-V
= psych up

pumpernickel

[D.J.:ˈpʌmpənikl]

[K.K.:ˈpʌmpɚˌnɪkəl]

n.

裸麦粉粗面包

pumpernickel

pumpernickel
Pumpernickel is a dark brown, heavy bread, which is eaten especially in Germany.
N-UNCOUNT

pumpkin

[D.J.:ˈpʌmpkin]

[K.K.:ˈpʌmpkɪn, ˈpʌm-, ˈpʌŋ-]

n.

南瓜

南瓜的果肉, 南瓜囊

pumpkin *

pumpkin pumpkins
A pumpkin is a large, round, orange vegetable with a thick skin.

- Quarter the pumpkin and remove the seeds.

- ...pumpkin pie.

N-VAR

pun

[D.J.:pʌn]

[K.K.:pʌn]

n.

双关语;俏皮话

vi.

说双关语;说俏皮话

punning

意联

pun *

1. pun puns
A pun is a clever and amusing use of a word or phrase with two meanings, or of words with the same sound but different meanings. For example, if someone says `The peasants are revolting', this is a pun because it can be interpreted as meaning either that the peasants are fighting against authority, or that they are disgusting.
N-COUNT
= play on words

2. pun puns punning punned
If you pun , you try to amuse people by making a pun.

- He is constantly punning, constantly playing with language.

VB

3. punning

- ...his son's incorrigible punning.

N-UNCOUNT

pun

noun

play on words

double entendre

quip

witticism

punch

[pʌntʃ]

vt.

用拳猛击

打孔

n.

猛击, 拳打

冲床, 穿孔机

力量

puncher

[ˈpʌntʃə]

n.

打印机,穿孔者

punch ***

1. punch punches punching punched
If you punch someone or something, you hit them hard with your fist.

- After punching him on the chin she wound up hitting him over the head.

- He punched the wall angrily, then spun round to face her.

VB

2. punch out; punches out; punching out; punched out
In American English, punch out means the same as punch .

- `I almost lost my job today.' --- `What happened?' --- `Oh, I punched out this guy.'.

- In the past, many kids would settle disputes by punching each other out.

PHR-V

3. punch punches
Also a noun.

- He was hurting Johansson with body punches in the fourth round.

N-COUNT

4. puncher punchers

- ...the awesome range of blows which have confirmed him as boxing's hardest puncher.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

5. punch punches punching punched
If you punch the air , you put one or both of your fists forcefully above your shoulders as a gesture of delight or victory.

- At the end, Graf punched the air in delight, a huge grin on her face.

VB

6. punch punches punching punched
If you punch something such as the buttons on a keyboard, you touch them in order to store information on a machine such as a computer or to give the machine a command to do something.

- Mrs. Baylor strode to the elevator and punched the button.

VB
= push

7. punch punches punching punched
If you punch holes in something, you make holes in it by pushing or pressing it with something sharp.

- I took a ballpoint pen and punched a hole in the carton.

VB

8. punch punches
A punch is a tool that you use for making holes in something.

- Make two holes with a hole punch.

N-COUNT

9. punch
If you say that something has punch , you mean that it has force or effectiveness.

- My nervousness made me deliver the vital points of my address without sufficient punch.

- Hurricane Andrew may be slowly losing its punch, but its winds are still around 100 miles an hour.

N-UNCOUNT

10. punch punches
Punch is a drink made from wine or spirits mixed with things such as sugar, lemons, and spices.
N-MASS

11. punch
If you say that someone does not pull their punches when they are criticizing a person or thing, you mean that they say exactly what they think, even though this might upset or offend people.

- She has a reputation for getting at the guts of a subject and never pulling her punches.

PHR: V and N inflect, oft with brd-neg
to pack a punch : see pack .

punch

verb

1.

hit

belt informal

bop informal

box

pummel

smash

sock slang

strike

noun

2.

blow

bop informal

hit

jab

sock slang

wallop informal

3.

effectiveness

bite

drive

forcefulness

impact

verve

vigour

punch

verb Informal

pierce

bore

cut

drill

perforate

prick

puncture

stamp

punch in ***

punch in punches in; punching in; punched in
If you punch in a number on a machine or punch numbers into it, you push the machine's buttons or keys in order to give it a command to do something.

- You can bank by phone in the USA, punching in account numbers on the phone.

- ...a code which allows them into the hotel once they punch the number into a special keyboard.

PHR-V

Punch and Judy show

Punch and Judy show Punch and Judy shows
A Punch and Judy show is a puppet show for children, often performed at fairs or at the seaside. Punch and Judy, the two main characters, are always fighting.
N-COUNT

punchbag

punchbag punchbags
A punchbag is a heavy leather bag, filled with a firm material, that hangs on a rope. Punchbags are used by boxers and other sportsmen for exercise and training. (BRIT; in AM use punching bag )
N-COUNT also punch bag .

punch bowl

punch bowl punch bowls
A punch bowl is a large bowl in which drinks, especially punch, are mixed and served.
N-COUNT

punch-drunk

[D.J.:ˈpʌntʃˌdrʌŋk]

[K.K.:ˈpʌntʃˌdrʌŋk]

adj.

被打得头晕眼花的,东倒西歪的

punch-drunk

1. punch-drunk
A punch-drunk boxer shows signs of brain damage, for example by being unsteady and unable to think clearly, after being hit too often on the head.
ADJ: usu ADJ n also punch drunk .

2. punch-drunk
If you say that someone is punch-drunk , you mean that they are very tired or confused, for example because they have been working too hard.

- He was punch-drunk with fatigue and depressed by the rain.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ also punch drunk .

punching bag

punching bag punching bags
A punching bag is the same as a punchbag . (AM)
N-COUNT

punchline

punchline punchlines
The punchline of a joke or funny story is its last sentence or phrase, which gives it its humour.
N-COUNT also punch line , punch-line .

punch-up

[D.J.:ˈpʌntʃˌʌp]

[K.K.:ˈpʌntʃˌʌp]

n.

打群架

punch-up

punch-up punch-ups
A punch-up is a fight in which people hit each other. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He was involved in a punch-up with Sarah's former lover.

N-COUNT
= brawl

punchy

[D.J.:ˈpʌntʃi:]

[K.K.:ˈpʌntʃi]

adj.

强力的,因受拳击而脑部昏沉的

punchy

punchy punchier punchiest.
If you describe something as punchy , you mean that it expresses its meaning in a forceful or effective way.

- A good way to sound confident is to use short punchy sentences.

ADJ-GRADED
= incisive

punctilious

[D.J.:pʌŋkˈtɪli:əs]

[K.K.:pʌŋkˈtɪliəs]

adj.

拘礼的,拘谨的

谨小慎微的,拘泥形式的

punctiliously

adv.

punctiliousness

n.

punctilious

1. punctilious
Someone who is punctilious is very careful to behave correctly. (FORMAL)

- He was punctilious about being ready and waiting in the entrance hall exactly on time.

- He was a punctilious young man.

ADJ-GRADED
= meticulous

2. punctiliously

- Given the circumstances, his behaviour to Laura had been punctiliously correct.

ADV-GRADED

punctilious

adjective

particular

exact

finicky

formal

fussy

meticulous

nice

precise

proper

strict

punctual

[D.J.:ˈpʌŋktʃuəl]

[K.K.:ˈpʌŋktʃuəl]

adj.

严守时刻的; 准时的; 正点的

punctuality

[D.J.:ˌp ʌ ŋktjʊˈælɪtɪ]

[K.K.:ˌp ʌ ŋktʃʊˈælətɪ]

n.

严守时间

正确;规矩

punctually

[D.J.:ˈp ʌ ŋktʃʊəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈp ʌ ŋktʃʊəlɪ]

adv.

如期地,准时地

punctual *

1. punctual
If you are punctual , you do something or arrive somewhere at the right time and are not late.

- He's always very punctual. I'll see if he's here yet.

ADJ-GRADED

2. punctually

- My guest arrived punctually.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. punctuality

- I'll have to have a word with them about punctuality.

N-UNCOUNT

punctual

adjective

on time

exact

on the dot

precise

prompt

timely

punctuality

noun

promptness

promptitude

readiness

punctuate

[D.J.:ˈpʌŋktʃu:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpʌŋktʃuˌet]

vt. & vi.

(在文字中)加标点符号,加标点

vt.

不时打断某事物

punctuate *

punctuate punctuates punctuating punctuated
If an activity or situation is punctuated by particular things, it is interrupted by them at intervals. (WRITTEN)

- The silence of the night was punctuated by the distant rumble of traffic.

VB: usu passive
= intersperse

punctuate

verb

1.

interrupt

break

intersperse

pepper

sprinkle

2.

emphasize

accentuate

stress

underline

punctuation

[D.J.:ˌpʌŋktʃu:ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌpʌŋktʃuˈeʃən]

n.

标点法, 标点符号的使用

标点符号

punctuation

1. punctuation
Punctuation is the use of symbols such as full stops or periods, commas, or question marks to divide written words into sentences and clauses.

- He was known for his poor grammar and punctuation.

N-UNCOUNT

2. punctuation
Punctuation is the symbols that you use to divide written words into sentences and clauses.

- Jessica had rapidly scanned the lines, none of which boasted a capital letter or any punctuation.

N-UNCOUNT
= punctuation marks

punctuation mark

punctuation mark punctuation marks
A punctuation mark is a symbol such as a full stop or period, comma, or question mark that you use to divide written words into sentences and clauses.
N-COUNT

puncture

[D.J.:ˈpʌŋktʃə]

[K.K.:ˈpʌŋktʃɚ]

n.

(尖物刺成的)小孔;(尤指)轮胎穿孔

vt.

在(某物)上穿孔;刺穿(某物)

削弱(某人的傲气、信心等);泄某人的气

vi.

(指轮胎等)被刺穿

punctured

具刻点的

puncture *

1. puncture punctures
A puncture is a small hole in a car tyre or bicycle tyre that has been made by a sharp object.

- Somebody helped me mend the puncture.

- ...a tyre that has a slow puncture.

N-COUNT

2. puncture punctures
A puncture is a small hole in someone's skin that has been made by or with a sharp object.

- An instrument called a trocar makes a puncture in the abdominal wall.

- ...people with puncture wounds.

N-COUNT

3. puncture punctures puncturing punctured
If a sharp object punctures something, it makes a hole in it.

- The bullet punctured the skull.

VB

4. puncture punctures puncturing punctured
If a car tyre or bicycle tyre punctures or if something punctures it, a hole is made in the tyre.

- The tyre is guaranteed never to puncture or go flat.

- Then the Englishman made a mistake, brushing a wall and apparently puncturing a tyre.

V-ERG

5. puncture punctures puncturing punctured
If someone's feelings or beliefs are punctured , their feelings or beliefs are made to seem wrong or foolish, especially when this makes the person feel disappointed or upset.

- He sat and watched, his tiny enthusiasm for fishing having been punctured by the sight of what he might catch.

VB
= deflate

puncture

noun

1.

hole

break

cut

damage

leak

nick

opening

slit

2.

flat tyre

flat

verb

3.

pierce

bore

cut

nick

penetrate

perforate

prick

rupture

pundit

[D.J.:ˈpʌndɪt]

[K.K.:ˈpʌndɪt]

n.

某一学科的权威;专家

pundit *

pundit pundits
A pundit is a person who knows a lot about a subject and is often asked to give information or opinions about it to the public.

- ...a well known political pundit.

N-COUNT: oft supp N
= expert

pungency

[D.J.:ˈpʌndʒənsɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpʌndʒənsɪ]

n.

(气味等的)刺激性；辣

(言语等的)辛辣，尖刻

pungent

[D.J.:ˈpʌndʒənt]

[K.K.:ˈpʌndʒənt]

adj.

(味道或气味)有刺激味的, 辛辣的, 刺鼻的

(指言语)尖刻的, 刺人的, 刻薄的

pungent *

1. pungent
Something that is pungent has a strong, sharp smell or taste which is often so strong that it is unpleasant.

- The more herbs you use, the more pungent the sauce will be.

- ...the pungent smell of burning rubber.

ADJ-GRADED
= powerful ≠ delicate

2. pungency

- ...the spices that give Jamaican food its pungency.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

3. pungent
If you describe what someone has said or written as pungent , you approve of it because it has a direct and powerful effect and often criticizes something very cleverly. (FORMAL)

- He enjoyed the play's shrewd and pungent social analysis.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= biting pointed

pungent

adjective

strong

acrid

bitter

hot

peppery

piquant

sharp

sour

spicy

tart

punish

[D.J.:ˈpʌniʃ]

[K.K.:ˈpʌnɪʃ]

vt.

罚, 处罚, 惩罚

粗暴地对待, 痛打

punishing

[ˈpʌniʃiŋ]

adj.

十分吃力的; 使人筋疲力尽的; 严厉的

punish **

1. punish punishes punishing punished
To punish someone means to make them suffer in some way because they have done something wrong.

- I don't believe that George ever had to punish the children.

- According to present law, the authorities can only punish smugglers with small fines.

- Don't punish your child for being honest.

VB

2. punish punishes punishing punished
To punish a crime means to punish anyone who commits that crime.

- The government voted to punish corruption in sport with up to four years in jail.

- Such behaviour is unacceptable and will be punished.

VB

punishing *

punishing
A punishing schedule, activity, or experience requires a lot of physical effort and makes you very tired or weak.

- He claimed his punishing work schedule had made him resort to taking the drug.

- Besides diets, he devised punishing exercise routines.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= crippling

punish

verb

discipline

castigate

chasten

chastise

correct

penalize

sentence

punishing

adjective

hard

arduous

backbreaking

exhausting

gruelling

strenuous

taxing

tiring

wearing

punishable

[D.J.:ˈpʌnɪʃəbl]

[K.K.:ˈpʌnɪʃəbl..]

adj.

(人或罪行)该处罚的；可惩罚的

punishable

punishable
If a crime is punishable in a particular way, anyone who commits it is punished in that way.

- Treason in this country is still punishable by death.

- They called on the authorities to make slavery a punishable offence.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ by/with n

punishable

adjective

culpable

blameworthy

criminal

indictable

punishment

[D.J.:ˈpʌnɪʃmənt]

[K.K.:ˈpʌnɪʃmənt]

n.

处罚, 受罚

punishment **

1. punishment
Punishment is the act of punishing someone or of being punished.

- ...a group which campaigns against the physical punishment of children...

- I have no doubt that the man is guilty and that he deserves punishment.

N-UNCOUNT

2. punishment punishments
A punishment is a particular way of punishing someone.

- The government is proposing tougher punishments for officials convicted of corruption.

- The usual punishment is a fine.

N-VAR

3. punishment
You can use punishment to refer to severe physical treatment of any kind.

- Don't expect these types of boot to take the punishment that gardening will give them.

N-UNCOUNT

punishment

noun

penalty

chastening

chastisement

correction

discipline

penance

retribution

punitive

[D.J.:ˈpju:nɪtɪv]

[K.K.:ˈpjunɪtɪv]

adj.

处罚的;惩罚性的

令人受苦的;严厉的

punitive *

punitive
Punitive actions are intended to punish people. (FORMAL)

- ...a punitive bombing raid...

- Other economists say any punitive measures against foreign companies would hurt US interests.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

punitive

adjective

retaliatory

in reprisal

retaliative

Punjabi

[D.J.:pʌnˈdʒɑ:bi]

[K.K.:pʌnˈdʒɑbi, -ˈdʒæbi]

n.

Punjab 语

adj.

Punjab 的

Punjabi *

1. Punjabi
Punjabi means belonging or relating to the Punjab region of India or Pakistan, its people, or its language.

- He comes from a middle-class Punjabi family.

- ...Punjabi cuisine.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Punjabi Punjabis
A Punjabi is a person who comes from the Punjab.
N-COUNT

3. Punjabi
Punjabi is the language spoken by people who live in the Punjab.
N-UNCOUNT

punk

[D.J.:pʌŋk]

[K.K.:pʌŋk]

n.

蓬克(一种摇滚乐, 自70年代末期起流行, 是对传统的反叛)

蓬克摇滚乐迷

行为不端的男性青少年; 小流氓

无用的东西; 废物

punk **

1. punk
Punk or punk rock is rock music that is played in a fast, loud, and aggressive way and is often a protest against conventional attitudes and behaviour. Punk rock was particularly popular in the late 1970s.

- I was never really into punk.

- ...a punk rock band.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. punk
Punk clothes or styles are associated with punk music and are very noticeable and unconventional.

- ...a punk hairdo.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. punk punks
A punk or a punk rocker is a young person who likes punk music and dresses in a very noticeable and unconventional way, for example by having brightly coloured hair and wearing metal chains.
N-COUNT

4. punk punks
A punk is a young person who behaves in a rude, aggressive, or violent way. (AM, INFORMAL)

- He is fast getting a reputation as a young punk.

N-COUNT

punnet

[ˈpʌnet]

n.

薄木片制扁篮

punnet

punnet punnets
A punnet is a small light box in which soft fruits such as strawberries or raspberries are often sold. You can also use punnet to refer to the amount of fruit that a punnet contains. (BRIT)

- ...a punnet of strawberries.

N-COUNT

punt

[D.J.:pʌnt]

[K.K.:pʌnt]

n.

(用篙撑的)长而浅的方头平底船

vi.

用篙撑方头平底船

乘方头平底船沿河航行(尤指游览)

(在某些牌戏中)对庄家下赌注

进行股票投机、对赛马下赌注;赌博

vt.

踢(从手中落下而未着地之球);踢(悬空球)

punt *

1. punt punts
A punt is a long boat with a flat bottom. You move the boat along by standing at one end and pushing a long pole against the bottom of the river. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. punt punts punting punted
When you punt , you travel along a river in a punt. (mainly BRIT)

- We punted up towards Grantchester and had a picnic in a meadow.

VB

3. punting

- The one thing I look forward to is going punting in Cambridge.

N-UNCOUNT

4. punt punts
The punt is the unit of money used in the Irish Republic.

- The round-trip fare to Havana is 550 Irish punts ($673).

N-COUNT: num N

5. punt
The punt is also used to refer to the Irish currency system.

- ...the cost of defending the punt against speculators.

N-SING: the N

6. punt
In rugby and American football, a punt is a kick where you drop the ball and then kick it before it reaches the ground, so that it goes a long way.

- He caught a punt and scored the winning touchdown, with a minute left to play.

- ...a 66-yard punt return

N-COUNT

7. punt punts punting punted
Also a verb.

- The referee told him to punt or kick the ball off the ground.

- The Redskins punted. Dallas then marched 79 yards to seal the victory.

VB

punt

verb

1.

bet

back

gamble

lay

stake

wager

noun

2.

bet

gamble

stake

wager

punter

[ˈpʌntə]

n.

(赛马, 足球赛时)下赌注者

punter *

1. punter punters
A punter is a person who bets money, especially on horse races. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Punters are expected to gamble £70m on the Grand National.

N-COUNT

2. punter punters
People sometimes refer to their customers or clients as punters . (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Should anyone attack the stripper, the punters know that it is likely to be the end of the show.

N-COUNT

3. punter punters
In American football, a punter is someone who kicks the ball by punting it.
N-COUNT

punter

noun

1.

gambler

backer

better

2.

person

man in the street

puny

[D.J.:ˈpju:ni:]

[K.K.:ˈpjuni]

adj.

小于一般尺寸的,微不足道的

弱小的,微弱的

puny

puny punier puniest
Someone or something that is puny is very small or weak.

- Our Kevin was a very puny lad, always dashing off to do weight-training exercises to build up his body.

- The resources at the central banks' disposal are simply too puny.

ADJ-GRADED
= feeble

puny

adjective Informal

feeble

frail

little

sickly

stunted

tiny

weak

pup

[D.J.:pʌp]

[K.K.:pʌp]

n.

小狗,幼犬

(小狐,小海豹等)幼小的动物

自负的傻小子

sell a pup

卖给/买到伪劣货

vi.

生小狗;生小动物

vt.

生(小狗等小动物)

pup *

1. pup pups
A pup is a young dog.

- I'll get you an Alsatian pup for Christmas.

N-COUNT
= puppy

2. pup pups
The young of some other animals, for example seals, are called pups .

- Two thousand grey seal pups are born there every autumn.

N-COUNT: oft n N

pupa

[D.J.:ˈpju:pə]

[K.K.:ˈpjupə]

n.

蛹

pupae

n.

蛹

pupa

pupa pupae
A pupa is an insect that is in the stage of development between a larva and a fully grown adult. It has a protective covering and does not move. (TECHNICAL)

- The pupae remain dormant in the soil until they emerge as adult moths in the winter.

N-COUNT

pupil

[D.J.:ˈpju:pəl]

[K.K.:ˈpjupəl]

n.

学生, 小学生

瞳孔

pupil ***

1. pupil pupils
The pupils of a school are the children who go to it.

- Over a third of those now at secondary school in Wales attend schools with over 1,000 pupils.

- Eleanor was a reluctant, anxious pupil.

N-COUNT

2. pupil pupils
A pupil of a painter, musician, or other expert is someone who studies under that expert and learns his or her skills.

- After his education, Goldschmidt became a pupil of the composer Franz Schreker.

N-COUNT: with poss

3. pupil pupils
The pupils of your eyes are the small, round, black holes in the centre of them.
N-COUNT

pupil

noun

learner

beginner

disciple

novice

schoolboy or schoolgirl

student

puppet

[D.J.:ˈpʌpit]

[K.K.:ˈpʌpɪt]

n.

木偶, 玩偶

受他人操纵的人或集团, 傀儡

puppet *

1. puppet puppets
A puppet is a doll that you can move, either by pulling strings which are attached to it or by putting your hand inside its body and moving your fingers.
N-COUNT
= marionette

2. puppet puppets
You can refer to a person or country as a puppet when you mean that their actions are controlled by a more powerful person or government, even though they may appear to be independent.

- When the invasion occurred he seized power and ruled the country as a puppet of the occupiers.

- He warned there would be a `social explosion' if the army installed another puppet prime minister.

N-COUNT: oft N n disapproval

puppet

noun

1.

marionette

doll

2.

pawn

cat's-paw

instrument

mouthpiece

stooge

tool

puppeteer

[D.J.:pʌpiˈtiə]

[K.K.:ˌpʌpɪˈtɪr]

n.

操纵木偶的人,操纵傀儡

puppeteer

puppeteer puppeteers
A puppeteer is a person who gives shows using puppets.
N-COUNT

puppy

[D.J.:ˈpʌpi]

[K.K.:ˈpʌpi]

n.

小狗, 幼犬

浅薄自负的年轻男子

puppy *

puppy puppies
A puppy is a young dog.

- One Sunday he began trying to teach the two puppies to walk on a leash.

N-COUNT
= pup

puppy fat

puppy fat
Puppy fat is fat that some children have on their bodies when they are young but that disappears when they grow older and taller.

- Her face had already lost its puppy-fat.

N-UNCOUNT also puppy-fat .

purchase

[D.J.:ˈpə:tʃəs]

[K.K.:ˈpɚtʃɪs]

vt.

购买

n.

购买, 购置

买到的东西

purchaser

[ˈpə:tʃəsə]

n.

买方,购买者

purchasers

用户

purchase ****

1. purchase purchases purchasing purchased
When you purchase something, you buy it. (FORMAL)

- He purchased a ticket and went up on the top deck.

- Most of those shares were purchased from brokers.

VB
= buy

2. purchaser purchasers

- The broker will get 5% if he finds a purchaser.

- The group is the second largest purchaser of fresh fruit in the US.

N-COUNT
= buyer

3. purchase
The purchase of something is the act of buying it. (FORMAL)

- This week he is to visit China to discuss the purchase of military supplies.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
See also hire purchase .

4. purchase purchases
A purchase is something that you buy. (FORMAL)

- She opened the tie box and looked at her purchase. It was silk, with maroon stripes.

N-COUNT

5. purchase
If you get a purchase on something, you manage to get a firm grip on it. (FORMAL)

- I got a purchase on the rope and pulled.

- I couldn't get any purchase with the screwdriver on the damn screws.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N
= hold grip

purchase

verb

1.

buy

acquire

come by

gain

get

obtain

pay for

pick up

score slang

noun

2.

buy

acquisition

asset

gain

investment

possession

property

3.

grip

foothold

hold

leverage

support

purchasing power

1. purchasing power
The purchasing power of a currency is the amount of goods or services that you can buy with it.

- The real purchasing power of the rouble has plummeted.

N-UNCOUNT

2. purchasing power
The purchasing power of a person or group of people is the amount of goods or services that they can afford to buy.

- Stores have been smartening up their window displays to match the new found purchasing power of their customers.

N-UNCOUNT

purdah

[D.J.:ˈpə:dɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈpɚdə]

n.

窗帘,帷幕,面纱,(妇女闭门不出的)身闺制度

purdah

purdah
Purdah is a custom practised in some Muslim and Hindu societies, in which women either remain in a special part of the house or cover their faces and bodies to avoid being seen by men who are not related to them. If a woman is in purdah , she lives according to this custom.
N-UNCOUNT: oft in N

pure

[D.J.:pjuə]

[K.K.:pjʊr]

adj.

纯的; 纯净的; 贞洁的

血统纯的, 纯种的

纯理论的; 非实用的

单纯的; 仅仅的; 完全的

purity

[D.J.:ˈpjuəriti]

[K.K.:ˈpjʊrɪti]

n.

纯, 纯洁, 纯正, 洁净

pure ***

1. pure purer purest
A pure substance is not mixed with anything else.

- ...a carton of pure orange juice.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. pure purer purest
Something that is pure is clean and does not contain any harmful substances.

- In remote regions, the air is pure and the crops are free of poisonous insecticides.

- ...demands for purer and cleaner river water.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ contaminated

3. purity

- They worried about the purity of tap water.

N-UNCOUNT: with poss

4. pure purer purest
If you describe something such as a colour, a sound, or a type of light as pure , you mean that it is very clear and represents a perfect example of its type.

- These flowers bring to the garden a whole family of blue colours with the occasional pure white.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. purity

- The soaring purity of her voice conjured up the frozen bleakness of the Far North.

N-UNCOUNT

6. pure purer purest
If you describe a form of art or a philosophy as pure , you mean that it is produced or practised according to a standard or form that is expected of it. (FORMAL)

- Nicholson never swerved from his aim of making pure and simple art.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

7. purity

- ...verse of great purity, sonority of rhythm, and symphonic form.

N-UNCOUNT

8. pure
Pure science or pure research is concerned only with theory and not with how this theory can be used in practical ways.

- Physics isn't just about pure science with no immediate applications.

- They did not approach their subject solely as a matter of `pure' theory.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ applied

9. pure purer purest
Pure means complete and total.

- The old man turned to give her a look of pure surprise.

- To sleep on my own and not hear the boys snore or grunt was pure bliss.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis
= sheer

10. pure purer purest
A person, especially a woman, who is described as pure is considered to be morally good, especially because they have no sexual experience or sexual thoughts. (LITERARY)

- She was baptized and she was pure and clean of sin.

ADJ-GRADED
= unsullied

11. purity

- The American Female Reform Society promoted sexual purity.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

12. pure
You use pure and simple to emphasize that the thing you are mentioning is the only thing that is involved or that should be considered.

- It's blackmail, pure and simple.

PHR: n PHR, PHR n emphasis

pure

adjective

1.

unmixed

authentic

flawless

genuine

natural

neat

real

simple

straight

unalloyed

2.

clean

germ-free

sanitary

spotless

squeaky-clean

sterilized

uncontaminated

unpolluted

untainted

wholesome

3.

innocent

blameless

chaste

impeccable

modest

uncorrupted

unsullied

virginal

virtuous

4.

complete

absolute

outright

sheer

thorough

unmitigated

unqualified

utter

purity

noun

1.

cleanness

cleanliness

faultlessness

immaculateness

pureness

wholesomeness

2.

innocence

chasteness

chastity

decency

honesty

integrity

virginity

virtue

pure-bred

pure-bred
A pure-bred animal is one whose parents and ancestors all belong to the same breed.

- ...pure-bred Arab horses.

ADJ: ADJ n also purebred .

puree

[ˈpjuərei]

n.

菜泥,浓汤

v.

(将菜、水果等)煮成浓汤,面包的一种

puree *

1. puree purees
Puree is food which has been crushed or beaten so that it forms a thick, smooth liquid.

- ...a can of tomato puree...

- Push the potatoes through a sieve to make a puree.

N-VAR also pur´ee

2. puree purees pureeing pureed
If you puree food, you make it into a puree.

- Puree the apricots in a liquidiser until completely smooth.

VB also pur´ee

purely

[D.J.:ˈpjʊəlɪ]

adv.

完全地;十足地

purely **

1. purely
You use purely to emphasize that the thing you are mentioning is the most important feature or that it is the only thing which should be considered.

- It is a racing machine, designed purely for speed.

- The government said the moves were purely defensive.

ADV: ADV with cl/group emphasis

2. purely
You use purely and simply to emphasize that the thing you are mentioning is the only thing involved.

- If Arthur was attracted here by the prospects of therapy, John came down purely and simply to make money.

- The society said the move was `purely and simply a business decision' aimed at reducing costs.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

purely

adverb

absolutely

completely

entirely

exclusively

just

merely

only

simply

solely

wholly

purgative

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:gətɪv]

[K.K.:ˈpə..ɡətɪv]

adj.

净化的,清洗的

通便的

n.

泻剂

purgative

1. purgative purgatives
A purgative is a medicine that causes you to get rid of unwanted waste from your body. (FORMAL)

- The doctors attempted to reduce his high fever by inducing diarrhea with a purgative.

N-COUNT
= laxative

2. purgative
A purgative substance acts as a purgative. (FORMAL)

- ...purgative oils.

- ...a purgative tea.

ADJ: ADJ n

purgatory

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:gəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:]

[K.K.:ˈpə..ɡəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

n.

炼狱, (在炼狱中的)涤罪

暂时受苦的地方, 暂时的苦难

adj.

净化的, 清洗的

purgatory

1. purgatory
Purgatory is the place where Roman Catholics believe the spirits of dead people are sent to suffer for their sins before they go to heaven.

- Prayers were said for souls in Purgatory.

N-PROPER

2. purgatory
You can describe a very unpleasant experience as purgatory .

- Every step of the last three miles was purgatory.

- ...five years of economic purgatory.

N-UNCOUNT
= hell

purge

[D.J.:pə:dʒ]

[K.K.:pɚdʒ]

vt.

清除(政敌等); 清洗

涤除(罪恶等)

〈律〉消除(错事等)的不良影响; 以认错赎(罪)

〈医〉使通便

n.

清除异己, 整肃(行动), 清洗

〈医〉泻药

purging

[ˈpə:dʒiŋ]

n.

清洗;清除,净化,洗炉,吹洗

purge *

1. purge purges purging purged
To purge an organization of its unacceptable members means to remove them from it. You can also talk about purging people from an organization.

- The leadership voted to purge the party of `hostile and anti-party elements'.

- He recently purged the armed forces, sending hundreds of officers into retirement.

- They have purged thousands from the upper levels of the civil service.

VB

2. purge purges
Also a noun.

- The army have called for a more thorough purge of people associated with the late President.

- His own father died during Stalin's purges.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

3. purge purges purging purged
If you purge something of undesirable things, you get rid of them.

- He closed his eyes and lay still, trying to purge his mind of anxiety.

- The only way to purge the economy of this new burst of inflation is a short, sharp recession.

VB
= rid

purge

verb

1.

get rid of

do away with

eradicate

expel

exterminate

remove

wipe out

noun

2.

removal

ejection

elimination

eradication

expulsion

purifier

[ˈpjuərifaiə]

n.

清洁者,清洁器,精制的,精炼者

purifier

purifier purifiers
A purifier is a device or a substance that is used to purify something such as water, air, or blood.

- I hope to see aromatic air purifiers being used in antenatal clinics.

N-COUNT: oft n N

purification

[D.J.:ˌpjʊərəfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌpjʊrəfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

洗净,净化

提纯,精炼

涤罪,洗罪;斋戒

(犹太妇女按教规在月经后行的)洁净礼

purified

纯化的

purify

[D.J.:ˈpjuərifai]

[K.K.:ˈpjʊrəˌfaɪ]

vt.

使纯净, 使洁净

purifying

[ˈpjuərifaiiŋ]

n.

精制,提纯,净化,精炼

purify *

1. purify purifies purifying purified
If you purify a substance, you make it pure by removing any harmful, dirty, or inferior substances from it.

- I take wheat and yeast tablets daily to purify the blood.

- Only purified water is used.

VB
≠ contaminate

2. purification

- ...a water purification plant.

N-UNCOUNT

purify

verb

1.

clean

clarify

cleanse

decontaminate

disinfect

refine

sanitize

wash

2.

absolve

cleanse

redeem

sanctify

purist

[D.J.:ˈpjuərist]

[K.K.:ˈpjʊrɪst]

n.

(在语法、用词等上)力求纯正者, 语言纯正癖者

purist *

1. purist purists
A purist is a person who wants something to be totally correct or unchanged, especially something they know a lot about.

- The new edition of the dictionary carries 7000 additions to the language, which purists say is under threat.

N-COUNT

2. purist
Purist attitudes are the kind of attitudes that purists have.

- Britain wanted a `more purist' approach.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

purist

noun

stickler

formalist

pedant

puritan

[D.J.:ˈpjʊərɪtn]

[K.K.:ˈpjʊrɪtn..]

n.

<史>清教徒

(任何政党中的)纯粹主义者

道德或宗教上极拘谨的人

puritanism

n.

puritanism

[D.J.:ˈpjʊərɪtnˌɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈpjʊrɪtnˌɪzəm]

n.

清教徒的行为和教义；清教主义

puritan

1. puritan puritans
You describe someone as a puritan when they live according to strict moral or religious principles, especially when they disapprove of physical pleasures.

- Bykov had forgotten that Malinin was something of a puritan.

- As for the subjects that so enrage puritans, they will continue to form the focus of her work.

N-COUNT disapproval

2. puritan
Puritan attitudes are based on strict moral or religious principles and often involve disapproval of physical pleasures.

- Paul was someone who certainly had a puritan streak in him.

- ...puritan self-denial.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

puritan

noun

1.

moralist

fanatic

prude

rigorist

zealot

adjective

2.

strict

ascetic

austere

moralistic

narrow-minded

prudish

severe

strait-laced

Puritan

[D.J.:ˈpjʊərɪtn]

[K.K.:ˈpjʊrɪtn..]

n.

清教徒;严格的人

adj.

严格的;严肃的;清教徒的

Puritan

Puritan Puritans
The Puritans were a group of English Protestants in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who lived in a very strict and religious way.
N-COUNT

puritanical

[D.J.:ˌpjʊərɪˈtænɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˌpjʊrɪˈtænɪkəl]

adj.

<贬>清教徒式的,道德极严格的

puritanically

adv.

puritanical

puritanical
If you describe someone as puritanical , you mean that they have very strict moral principles, and often try to make other people behave in a more moral way.

- ...puritanical fathers...

- He has a puritanical attitude towards sex.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

puritanical

adjective

strict

ascetic

austere

narrow-minded

proper

prudish

puritan

severe

strait-laced

puritanism

puritanism
Puritanism is behaviour or beliefs that are based on strict moral or religious principles, especially the principle that people should avoid physical pleasures.

- ...the tight-lipped puritanism of the Scottish literary world.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

Puritanism

[ˈpjuəritənizəm]

n.

清教,清教徒主义

Puritanism

Puritanism
Puritanism is the set of beliefs that were held by the Puritans.

- Out of Puritanism came the intense work ethic.

N-UNCOUNT

purloin

[D.J.:pəˈlɔɪn, ˈpɜ:ˌlɔɪn]

[K.K.:pɚˈlɔɪn, ˈpə..ˌlɔɪn]

vt.

偷窃

purloin

purloin purloins purloining purloined
If someone purloins something, they steal it or borrow it without asking permission. (FORMAL)

- Each side purloins the other's private letters.

VB

purloin

verb

steal

appropriate

filch

nick slang chiefly Brit.

pilfer

pinch informal

swipe slang

thieve

purple

[D.J.:ˈpə:pl]

[K.K.:ˈpɚpəl]

adj.

紫的

n.

紫色

紫(红)衣, 紫(红)袍

purples

[ˈpə:plz]

n.

散黑穗病

purple ****

1. purple purples
Something that is purple is of a reddish-blue colour.

- She wore purple and green silk.

- ...sinister dark greens and purples.

COLOUR

2. purple
Purple prose or a purple patch, is a piece of writing that contains very elaborate language or images.

- ...passages of purple prose describing intense experiences.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. purple
If someone, especially a sports player or team, goes through a purple patch , they are very successful or lucky for a period. (JOURNALISM)

- In the last 10 minutes Tranmere struck a purple patch which culminated in their goal.

PHR

Purple Heart

Purple Heart Purple Hearts
The Purple Heart is a medal that is given to members of the US Armed Forces who have been wounded during battle.
N-COUNT

purplish

[D.J.:ˈpə:pliʃ]

[K.K.:ˈpɚplɪʃ]

adj.

略带紫色的

purplish

purplish
Purplish means slightly purple in colour.

- The large, purplish blue flowers appear in early June.

ADJ

purport

[D.J.:pəˈpɔ:t, -ˈpəʊrt]

[K.K.:pɚˈpɔrt, -ˈport]

vt.

声称是…;(装得)像是…的样子

n.

(某一言论或行动的)意义,要旨

purported

[D.J.:pə:ˈpɔ:tid]

[K.K.:pɚˈpɔrtɪd, -ˈpor-]

adj.

传说的,谣传的

purport *

purport purports purporting purported
If you say that someone or something purports to do or be a particular thing, you mean that they claim to do or be that thing, although you may not always believe that claim. (FORMAL)

- ...a book that purports to tell the whole truth.

VB
= claim

purport

verb

1.

claim

allege

assert

profess

noun

2.

significance

drift

gist

idea

implication

import

meaning

purportedly

[pə:ˈpɔ:tidli]

adv.

据称

purportedly

purportedly
If you say that something has purportedly been done, you mean that you think that it has been done but you cannot be sure. (FORMAL)

- He was given a letter purportedly signed by the Prime Minister.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV cl/group
= supposedly

purpose

[D.J.:ˈpə:pəs]

[K.K.:ˈpɚpəs]

n.

目的; 意图

作用; 用途; 效果

意志; 毅力; 决心

vt.

有意, 打算

purpose ****

1. purpose purposes
The purpose of something is the reason for which it is made or done.

- The purpose of the occasion was to raise money for medical supplies.

- Various insurance schemes already exist for this purpose.

- ...the use of nuclear energy for military purposes...

- He was asked about casualties, but said it would serve no purpose to count bodies.

- Most of them are destroyed because they've served their purpose.

N-COUNT: with supp
= aim

2. purpose purposes
Your purpose is the thing that you want to achieve.

- They might well be prepared to do you harm in order to achieve their purpose.

- His purpose was to make a profit by improving the company's performance.

N-COUNT: with poss
= aim objective

3. purpose
Purpose is the feeling of having a definite aim and of being determined to achieve it.

- The teachers are enthusiastic and have a sense of purpose.

N-UNCOUNT
= resolve

4. purpose
You use for all practical purposes or to all intents and purposes to suggest that a situation is not exactly as you describe it, but the effect is the same as if it were.

- For all practical purposes the treaty has already ceased to exist.

- To all intents and purposes the case was closed.

PHR: PHR with cl
= in effect effectively

5. purpose
If you do something on purpose , you do it intentionally.

- Was it an accident or did David do it on purpose?

PHR: PHR after v
= intentionally ≠ by mistake

purpose

noun

1.

reason

aim

idea

intention

object

point

2.

aim

ambition

desire

end

goal

hope

intention

object

plan

wish

3.

determination

firmness

persistence

resolution

resolve

single-mindedness

tenacity

will

on purpose

4.

deliberately

designedly

intentionally

knowingly

purposely

purpose-built

[ˈpə:pəsbilt]

adj.

为特定目的建造的

purpose-built *

purpose-built
A purpose-built building has been specially designed and built for a particular use. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use custom-built )

- The company has recently moved into a new purpose-built factory.

ADJ

purposeful

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:pəsfəl]

[K.K.:ˈpə..pəsfəl]

adj.

(人或行为)有明确目标的;果断的;坚定的

purposefully

adv.

果断地,有明确目标地

purposefully

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:pəsfʊlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpə..pəsfʊlɪ]

adv.

有目的地

坚定地；有决心地

purposeful *

1. purposeful
If someone is purposeful , they show that they have a definite aim and a strong desire to achieve it.

- She had a purposeful air, and it became evident that this was not a casual visit.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ aimless

2. purposefully

- He strode purposefully towards the barn.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v
≠ aimlessly

purposeless

[D.J.:ˈpə:pəslis]

[K.K.:ˈpɚpəslɪs]

adj.

无目的的; 无意义的

purposeless

purposeless
If an action is purposeless , it does not seem to have a sensible purpose.

- Time may also be wasted in purposeless meetings.

- Surely my existence cannot be so purposeless?

ADJ-GRADED
= senseless pointless

purposeless

adjective

pointless

aimless

empty

motiveless

needless

senseless

uncalled-for

unnecessary

purposely

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:pəsli:]

[K.K.:ˈpə..pəsli]

adv.

故意地;蓄意地

purposely

purposely
If you do something purposely , you do it intentionally. (FORMAL)

- They are purposely withholding information.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj
= intentionally

purposely

adverb

deliberately

consciously

expressly

intentionally

knowingly

on purpose

with intent

purr

[D.J.:pɜ:]

[K.K.:pə..]

n.

咕噜咕噜的响声;(猫发出的)咕噜声

vi.

(猫在高兴时)发咕噜声

(人)用轻快的轻声表示满意

vt.

用柔音表示〔说出〕

purring

猫喘鸣;猫喘音样的

purr *

1. purr purrs purring purred
When a cat purrs , it makes a low vibrating sound with its throat because it is contented.

- The plump ginger kitten had settled comfortably in her arms and was purring enthusiastically.

VB

2. purr purrs purring purred
When the engine of a machine such as a car purrs , it is working and making a quiet, continuous, vibrating sound.

- Both boats purred out of the cave mouth and into open water.

- The Rolls Royce purred down the country road.

VB

3. purr
Also a noun.

- Carmela heard the purr of a motor-cycle coming up the drive.

N-SING

4. purr purrs purring purred
When someone purrs , they speak in a soft, gentle voice because they are pleased or because they want to persuade you to do something for them.

- `You can tell me the truth,' she purred.

VB

purse

[D.J.:pə:s]

[K.K.:pɚs]

n.

钱包; 女用小提包

钱; 资财

款项, 奖金

purse **

1. purse purses
A purse is a very small bag that people, especially women, keep their money in. (BRIT; in AM use change purse )
N-COUNT
= wallet

2. purse purses
A purse is a small bag that women carry. (AM; in BRIT use bag or handbag )

- She looked at me and then reached in her purse for cigarettes.

N-COUNT

3. purse
Purse is used to refer to the total amount of money that a country, family, or group has.

- The money could simply go into the public purse, helping to lower taxes.

N-SING: with supp

4. purse purses pursing pursed
If you purse your lips , you move them into a small, rounded shape, usually because you disapprove of something or when you are thinking.

- She pursed her lips in disapproval.

VB

purse

noun

1.

pouch

money-bag

wallet

2.

money

exchequer

funds

means

resources

treasury

wealth

verb

3.

pucker

contract

pout

press together

tighten

purser

[D.J.:ˈpɜ:sə]

[K.K.:ˈpə..sɚ]

n.

(轮船、班机等)事务长,(尤指客轮上的)乘务长

purser

purser pursers
On a ship, the purser is an officer who deals with the accounts and official papers. On a passenger ship, the purser is also responsible for the welfare of the passengers.
N-COUNT

purse strings

purse strings
If you say that someone holds or controls the purse strings , you mean that they control the way that money is spent in a particular family, group, or country.

- Women control the purse-strings of most families.

- The bank has been too slow in loosening the purse strings.

N-PLURAL: the N

pursuance

[D.J.:pəˈsju:əns]

[K.K.:pɚˈsuəns]

n.

追求

pursuance

pursuance
If you do something in pursuance of a particular activity, you do it as part of carrying out that activity. (FORMAL)

- He ordered disclosure of a medical report to the Metropolitan Police in pursuance of an investigation of murder.

N-UNCOUNT: usu in N of n

pursuant

[D.J.:pəˈsju:ənt]

[K.K.:pɚˈsuənt]

adj.

追踪的,依照的

pursuant

pursuant
If someone does something pursuant to a law or regulation, they obey that law or regulation. (FORMAL)

- He should continue to act pursuant to the United Nations Security Council resolutions.

PHR-PREP

pursue

[D.J.:pəˈsju:]

[K.K.:pɚˈsu]

vt.

追捕, 追击

追求

继续; 从事, 经营

pursue ***

1. pursue pursues pursuing pursued
If you pursue an activity, interest, or plan, you carry it out or follow it. (FORMAL)

- It became harder for women married to diplomats to pursue their own interests.

- He said Japan would continue to pursue the policies laid down at the London summit.

- She had come to England to pursue an acting career.

VB
= follow

2. pursue pursues pursuing pursued
If you pursue a particular aim or result, you make efforts to achieve it, often over a long period of time. (FORMAL)

- The implication seems to be that it is impossible to pursue economic reform and democracy simultaneously.

- Mr. Menendez has aggressively pursued new business.

VB
= strive for

3. pursue pursues pursuing pursued
If you pursue a particular topic, you try to find out more about it by asking questions. (FORMAL)

- If your original request is denied, don't be afraid to pursue the matter.

VB
= follow up ≠ drop

4. pursue pursues pursuing pursued
If you pursue a person, vehicle, or animal, you follow them, usually in order to catch them. (FORMAL)

- She pursued the man who had stolen a woman's bag.

VB
= follow

pursue

verb

1.

follow

chase

dog

hound

hunt

hunt down

run after

shadow

stalk

tail informal

track

2.

try for

aim for

desire

seek

strive for

work towards

3.

engage in

carry on

conduct

perform

practise

4.

continue

carry on

keep on

maintain

persevere in

persist in

proceed

pursuer

[D.J.:pəˈsju:ə]

[K.K.:pɚˈsɪɚ]

n.

追赶者;追捕者;追求者

从事者;研究者

<苏格兰>起诉者;原告

pursuer

pursuer pursuers
Your pursuers are the people who are chasing or searching for you. (FORMAL)

- They had shaken off their pursuers.

N-COUNT: oft poss N in pl

pursuit

[D.J.:pəˈsju:t]

[K.K.:pɚˈsut]

n.

追赶, 追捕

工作; 消遣; 嗜好

pursuit **

1. pursuit
Your pursuit of something is your attempts at achieving it. If you do something in pursuit of a particular result, you do it in order to achieve that result.

- ...a young man whose relentless pursuit of excellence is conducted with single-minded determination.

- ...individuals who impoverish their families in pursuit of some dream.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n, oft in N of n

2. pursuit
The pursuit of an activity, interest, or plan consists of all the things that you do when you are carrying it out.

- The vigorous pursuit of policies is no guarantee of success.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

3. pursuit
Someone who is in pursuit of a person, vehicle, or animal is chasing them.

- ...a police officer who drove a patrol car at more than 120mph in pursuit of a motor cycle.

N-UNCOUNT: usu in N of n

4. pursuit
In cycling and skating, the pursuit is a race in which two competitors or teams start on opposite sides of a circular track and try to catch up with each other.

- Moreau took gold in the five-kilometre individual pursuit competition.

N-SING: the N, oft N n

5. pursuit pursuits
Your pursuits are your activities, usually activities that you enjoy when you are not working.

- They both love outdoor pursuits.

- His favourite childhood pursuits were sailing, swimming and cycling.

N-COUNT: usu pl, with supp

6. pursuit
If you are in hot pursuit of someone, you are chasing after them with great determination.

- I rushed through with Sue in hot pursuit.

PHR

pursuit

noun

1.

pursuing

chase

hunt

quest

search

seeking

trailing

2.

occupation

activity

hobby

interest

line

pastime

pleasure

purvey

[D.J.:pəˈveɪ, ˈpɜ:ˌveɪ]

[K.K.:pɚˈve, ˈpə..ˌve]

vt.

<正>提供;供应

purveyor

n.

purveyor

[D.J.:pəˈveiə]

[K.K.:pɚˈveɚ]

n.

承办商,伙食承办商

purvey

1. purvey purveys purveying purveyed
If you purvey something such as information, you tell it to people. (FORMAL)

- The Director of the Institute of Education, accused me of purveying `silly gossip' about practices in schools.

VB
= transmit

2. purvey purveys purveying purveyed
If someone purveys goods or services, they provide them. (FORMAL)

- They have two restaurants that purvey dumplings and chicken noodle soup.

VB
= supply sell

purvey

verb

supply

cater

deal in

furnish

provide

sell

trade in

purveyor

purveyor purveyors
A purveyor of goods or services is a person or company that provides them. (FORMAL)

- ...purveyors of gourmet foods.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= supplier

purview

[D.J.:ˈpə:vju:]

[K.K.:ˈpɚˌvju]

n.

(文件等的)范围

眼界, 视野, 见识

purview

purview
The purview of something such as an organization or activity is the range of things it deals with. (FORMAL)

- That, however, was beyond the purview of the court; it was a diplomatic matter.

N-SING: usu N of n

pus

[D.J.:pʌs]

[K.K.:pʌs]

n.

脓

pus

pus
Pus is a thick yellowish liquid that forms in wounds when they are infected.
N-UNCOUNT

push

[D.J.:puʃ]

[K.K.:pʊʃ]

vt. & vi.

推, 推动

vt.

对…施加压力, 按

逼迫, 驱策, 敦促

n.

推

大规模攻势

毅力; 推动力

pushed

[puʃt]

adj.

〈非正〉①(时间、钱等)不够用的②没有空的，忙碌的

pushing

[D.J.:ˈpʊʃɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpʊʃɪŋ]

adj.

莽撞的;有进取心的

<口>接近(某个年龄)的

be pushing 40, 50, etc.

接近40岁(或50岁等)

be pushing up (the) daisies

死后下葬

push ****

1. push pushes pushing pushed
When you push something, you use force to make it move away from you or away from its previous position.

- The woman pushed back her chair and stood up.

- They pushed him into the car.

- ...a woman pushing a pushchair...

- He put both hands flat on the door and pushed as hard as he could.

- When there was no reply, he pushed the door open.

VB

2. push pushes
Also a noun.

- He gave me a sharp push.

- Information is called up at the push of a button.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. push pushes pushing pushed
If you push through things that are blocking your way or push your way through them, you use force in order to move past them.

- I pushed through the crowds and on to the escalator.

- Dix pushed forward carrying a glass.

- He pushed his way towards her, laughing.

VB

4. push pushes pushing pushed
If an army pushes into a country or area that it is attacking or invading, it moves further into it.

- One detachment pushed into the eastern suburbs towards the airfield.

- The army may push southwards into the Kurdish areas.

VB
= advance

5. push pushes
Also a noun.

- All that was needed was one final push, and the enemy would be vanquished once and for all.

N-COUNT: usu sing

6. push pushes pushing pushed
To push a value or amount up or down means to cause it to increase or decrease.

- Any shortage could push up grain prices.

- The government had done everything it could to push down inflation.

- Interest had pushed the loan up to $27,000.

VB

7. push pushes pushing pushed
If someone or something pushes an idea or project in a particular direction, they cause it to develop or progress in a particular way.

- China would use its influence to help push forward the peace process.

- The government seemed intent on pushing local and central government in opposite directions.

VB

8. push pushes pushing pushed
If you push someone to do something or push them into doing it, you encourage or force them to do it.

- She thanks her parents for keeping her in school and pushing her to study.

- James did not push her into stealing the money.

- I knew he was pushing himself to the limit and felt rather anxious.

- There is no point in pushing them unless they are talented and they enjoy it.

VB

9. push pushes
Also a noun.

- We need a push to take the first step.

N-COUNT: usu sing

10. push pushes pushing pushed
If you push for something, you try very hard to achieve it or to persuade someone to do it.

- Britain's health experts are pushing for a ban on all cigarette advertising.

- Germany is pushing for direct flights to be established.

VB
= press for

11. push pushes
Also a noun.

- In its push for economic growth it has ignored projects that would improve living standards.

- They urged negotiators to make a final push to arrive at an agreement.

N-COUNT: usu sing

12. push pushes pushing pushed
If someone pushes an idea, a point, or a product, they try in a forceful way to convince people to accept it or buy it.

- Ministers will push the case for opening the plant.

- She knew enough about publishing to know that they could push a hundred thousand copies into the bookshops.

VB

13. push pushes pushing pushed
When someone pushes drugs, they sell them illegally. (INFORMAL)

- She was sent for trial yesterday accused of pushing drugs.

VB
= deal

14. push pushes pushing pushed
If you say that someone is pushing it , you mean that their actions or claims are rather excessive or risky. (INFORMAL)

- I think that he was pushing it a bit when he said it was the best stadium in the world.

VB: usu cont

15. push
If you get the push or are given the push , you are told that you are not wanted any more, either in your job or by someone you are having a relationship with. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Two cabinet ministers also got the push.

PHR: V inflects

pushed

1. pushed
If you are pushed for something such as time or money, you do not have enough of it. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use pressed for )

- He's going to be a bit pushed for money.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ for n

2. pushed
If you are hard pushed to do something, you find it very difficult to do it. (BRIT)

- I'd be hard pushed to teach him anything.

PHR: V inflects
= hard-pressed

pushing

pushing
If you say that someone is pushing a particular age, you mean that they are nearly that age. (INFORMAL)

- Pushing 40, he was an ageing rock star.

PREP
= almost going on

push

verb

1.

shove

depress

drive

press

propel

ram

thrust

2.

make or force one's way

elbow

jostle

move

shoulder

shove

squeeze

thrust

3.

urge

encourage

hurry

impel

incite

persuade

press

spur

noun

4.

shove

butt

nudge

thrust

5.

drive

ambition

dynamism

energy

enterprise

go informal

initiative

vigour

vitality

the push

6.

dismissal

discharge

one's cards informal

the boot slang

the sack informal

pushed

adjective Informal, chiefly Brit.

often with for

short of

hurried

pressed

rushed

under pressure

push ahead, push forward ****

push ahead pushes ahead; pushing ahead; pushed ahead
If you push ahead or push forward with something, you make progress with it.

- The government intends to push ahead with its reform programme.

PHR-V
= press forward

push around ****

push around pushes around; pushing around; pushed around
If someone pushes you around , they give you orders in a rude and insulting way. (INFORMAL)

- We don't like somebody coming in with lots of money and trying to push people around.

PHR-V
= bully

push aside ****

push aside pushes aside; pushing aside; pushed aside
If you push something aside , you ignore it or refuse to think about it.

- By pushing aside unpleasant thoughts they merely repress these thoughts.

- For a moment her husband came to mind, but she pushed the guilt aside.

PHR-V
= ignore

push in ****

push in pushes in; pushing in; pushed in
When someone pushes in , they unfairly join a queue or line in front of other people who have been waiting longer.

- Nina pushed in next to Liddie.

PHR-V disapproval

push off ****

push off pushes off; pushing off; pushed off
If you tell someone to push off , you are telling them rather rudely to go away. (INFORMAL)

- Push off, Bob.

PHR-V: usu imper disapproval

push on ****

push on pushes on; pushing on; pushed on
When you push on , you continue with a journey or task.

- Although the journey was a long and lonely one, Tumalo pushed on.

PHR-V
= press on

push over ****

push over pushes over; pushing over; pushed over
If you push someone or something over , you push them so that they fall onto the ground.

- We have had trouble with people damaging hedges, uprooting trees and pushing over walls.

- Anna is always attacking other children, pushing them over.

PHR-V
= knock over

See also pushover .

push through ****

push through pushes through; pushing through; pushed through
If someone pushes through a law, they succeed in getting it accepted although some people oppose it.

- The vote will enable the Prime Minister to push through tough policies.

- He tried to push the amendment through Parliament.

PHR-V

push bike

push bike push bikes
A push bike is a bicycle which you move by turning the pedals with your feet. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

push-button

adj.

按钮操作的

push-button

push-button
A push-button machine or process is controlled by means of buttons or switches.

- ...push-button phones.

ADJ: ADJ n

pushcart

[D.J.:ˈpuʃkɑ:t]

[K.K.:ˈpʊʃˌkɑrt]

n.

手推车

pushcart

pushcart pushcarts
A pushcart is a cart from which fruit or other goods are sold in the street. (AM; in BRIT use barrow )
N-COUNT

pushchair

[ˈpuʃtʃeə]

n.

折叠式婴儿车

pushchair

pushchair pushchairs
A pushchair is a small chair on wheels, in which a baby or small child can sit and be wheeled around. (BRIT; in AM use stroller )
N-COUNT

pusher

[D.J.:ˈpuʃə]

[K.K.:ˈpʊʃɚ]

n.

贩毒者

有干劲的人, 咄咄逼人的人

pusher *

pusher pushers
A pusher is a person who sells illegal drugs. (INFORMAL)

- His father accused him of acting as a carrier for some drug pushers.

N-COUNT

pushover

[D.J.:ˈpuʃəuvə]

[K.K.:ˈpʊʃˌovɚ]

n.

〈俚〉容易打败的对手,容易做的事情

pushover

1. pushover pushovers
You say that someone is a pushover when you find it easy to persuade them to do what you want. (INFORMAL)

- He is a tough negotiator. We did not expect to find him a pushover and he has not been one.

N-COUNT

2. pushover pushovers
You say that something is a pushover when it is easy to do or easy to get. (INFORMAL)

- You might think Hungarian a pushover to learn. It is not.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= doddle

pushover

noun

1.

piece of cake Brit. informal

breeze U.S. & Canad. informal

child's play informal

cinch slang

doddle Brit. slang

picnic informal

plain sailing

walkover informal

2.

sucker slang

easy game informal

easy or soft mark informal

mug Brit. slang

soft touch slang

walkover informal

push-up

n.

俯卧撑

push-up *

push-up push-ups
Push-ups are exercises to strengthen your arms and chest muscles. They are done by lying with your face towards the floor and pushing with your hands to raise your body until your arms are straight. (AM; in BRIT use press-ups )
N-COUNT

pushy

[D.J.:ˈpuʃi]

[K.K.:ˈpʊʃi]

adj.

有进取心的

pushy

pushy pushier pushiest
If you describe someone as pushy , you mean that they try in a forceful way to get things done as they would like or to increase their status or influence. (INFORMAL)

- She was a confident and pushy young woman.

- My mother encouraged us, but was never pushy.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= forceful

pushy

adjective

forceful

ambitious

assertive

bold

brash

bumptious

obtrusive

presumptuous

self-assertive

pusillanimity

[D.J.:ˌpju:siləˈnimiti]

[K.K.:ˌpjusələˈnɪmɪti]

n.

无气力,胆怯

pusillanimous

[D.J.:ˌpju:səˈlænəməs]

[K.K.:ˌpjusəˈlænəməs]

adj.

懦弱的,胆怯的

pusillanimity

n.

pusillanimous

pusillanimous
If you say that someone is pusillanimous , you mean that they are timid or afraid. (FORMAL)

- The authorities have been too pusillanimous in merely condemning the violence.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= cowardly ≠ brave

puss

[D.J.:pʊs]

[K.K.:pʊs]

n.

<口>猫咪

淘气的小女孩

puss

puss
People sometimes call a cat by saying ` Puss '.
N-VOC

pussy

[D.J.:ˈpʊsi:]

[K.K.:ˈpʊsi]

n.

小猫咪

pussy *

1. pussy pussies
Pussy is a child's word for a cat.
N-COUNT

2. pussy pussies
Some people use pussy to refer to a woman's genitals. (INFORMAL) ( VERY RUDE)
N-COUNT

pussycat

[D.J.:ˈpusikæt]

[K.K.:ˈpʊsiˌkæt]

n.

猫,有毛的柔软东西

pussycat

1. pussycat pussycats
Children or people talking to children often refer to a cat as a pussycat .
N-COUNT
= pussy

2. pussycat pussycats
If you describe someone as a pussycat , you think that they are kind and gentle.
N-COUNT
= sweetie

pussyfoot

[D.J.:ˈpusifut]

[K.K.:ˈpʊsiˌfʊt]

vi.

偷偷走路,轻轻地走,谨慎行事

pussyfoot

pussyfoot pussyfoots pussyfooting pussyfooted
If you say that someone is pussyfooting around, you are criticizing them for behaving in a too cautious way because they are not sure what to do and are afraid to commit themselves.

- Why don't they stop pussyfooting around and say what they really mean?

VB disapproval
= prevaricate

pussyfoot

verb

hedge

beat about the bush

be noncommittal

equivocate

flannel Brit. informal

hum and haw

prevaricate

sit on the fence

pustule

[D.J.:ˈpʌstju:l]

[K.K.:ˈpʌstʃul, ˈpʌstjul]

n.

脓疱

pustule

pustule pustules
A pustule is a small infected swelling on the skin. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT
= boil

put

[D.J.:put]

[K.K.:pʊt]

vt.

放; 置

使处于(某种状态)

表达, 叙述, 说明

putt

[D.J.:pʌt]

[K.K.:pʌt]

vt. & vi.

(高尔夫球)轻击(球)

putting

[D.J.:ˈputiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpʌtɪŋ]

n.

(高尔夫球)打球入洞;投掷

put *****

1. put puts putting
When you put something in a particular place or position, you move it into that place or position.

- Leaphorn put the photograph on the desk.

- She hesitated, then put her hand on Grace's arm.

- Mishka put down a heavy shopping bag.

VB The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. put puts putting
If you put someone somewhere, you cause them to go there and to stay there for a period of time.

- Rather than put him in the hospital, she had been caring for him at home.

- I'd put the children to bed.

VB The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

3. put puts putting
To put someone or something in a particular state or situation means to cause them to be in that state or situation.

- This is going to put them out of business.

- He was putting himself at risk.

- My doctor put me in touch with a psychiatrist.

- The British people put us back in power.

VB The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= place

4. put puts putting
To put something on people or things means to cause them to have it, or to cause them to be affected by it.

- The ruling will put extra pressure on health authorities to change working practices and shorten hours.

- Be aware of the terrible strain it can put on a child when you expect the best reports.

- They will also force schools to put more emphasis on teaching basic subjects.

VB The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= place

5. put puts putting
If you put your trust, faith, or confidence in someone or something, you trust them or have faith or confidence in them.

- He had decided long ago that he would put his trust in socialism when the time came.

- How much faith should we put in anti-ageing products?

VB The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= place

6. put puts putting
If you put time, strength, or energy into an activity, you use it in doing that activity.

- We're not saying that activists should put all their effort and time into party politics.

- Eleanor did not put much energy into the discussion.

VB The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

7. put puts putting
If you put money into a business or project, you invest money in it.

- Investors should consider putting some money into an annuity.

- Put $10,000 into this investment and in 10 years, you'll have almost $18,000.

VB The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= invest

8. put puts putting
When you put an idea or remark in a particular way, you express it in that way. You can use expressions like to put it simply and to put it bluntly before saying something when you want to explain how you are going to express it.

- I had already met Pete a couple of times through -- how should I put it -- friends in low places.

- He doesn't, to put it very bluntly, give a damn about the woman or the baby.

- If I was auditioning for a vocalist, let me put it this way, he wouldn't get to sing in my band.

- He admitted the security forces might have made some mistakes, as he put it.

- You can't put that sort of fear into words.

VB The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= express

9. put puts putting
When you put a question to someone, you ask them the question.

- Is this fair? Well, I put that question today to Deputy Counsel Craig Gillen.

- He thinks that some workers may be afraid to put questions publicly.

VB The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

10. put puts putting
If you put a case, opinion, or proposal, you explain it and list the reasons why you support or believe it.

- He always put his point of view with clarity and with courage.

- He put the case to the Saudi Foreign Minister.

- He sat there listening as we put suggestions to him.

VB The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= present

11. put puts putting
If you put something at a particular value or in a particular category, you consider that it has that value or that it belongs in that category.

- I would put her age at about 50 or so.

- All the more technically advanced countries put a high value on science.

- It is not easy to put the guilty and innocent into clear-cut categories.

VB The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

12. put puts putting
If you put written information somewhere, you write, type, or print it there.

- Mary's family were so pleased that they put an announcement in the local paper to thank them.

- I think what I put in that book is now pretty much the agenda for this country.

- He crossed out `Screenplay' and put `Written by' instead.

VB The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

13. put
If someone puts one over on you, they make you do or believe something by telling you things that are not true. (INFORMAL)

- He considered himself a crafty man -- a man would have to get up very early in the morning to put one over on Alf Tandy.

PHR: V inflects The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= get the better of

14. put
If you put it to someone that something is true, you suggest that it is true, especially when you think that they will be unwilling to admit this.

- But I put it to you that they're useless.

- I put this to Kenyon. `Absolutely untrue,' he said.

PHR: V inflects The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

15. put
If you say that something is bigger or better than several other things put together , you mean that it is bigger or has more good qualities than all of those other things if they are added together.

- London has more pubs and clubs than the rest of the country put together.

PHR: n PHR The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

16. put
You say ` Put it there! ' to someone when you are asking them to shake hands with you, because you agree with them or want to congratulate them. (INFORMAL)

- Put it there, Pal, put it there!

PHR The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle formulae

putt **

1. putt putts
A putt is a stroke in golf that you make when the ball has reached the green in an attempt to get the ball in the hole.

- ...a 5-foot putt.

N-COUNT

2. putt putts putting putted
In golf, when you putt the ball, you hit a putt.

- Turner, however, putted superbly, twice holing from 40 feet.

VB

put

verb

1.

place

deposit

lay

position

rest

set

settle

situate

2.

express

phrase

state

utter

word

3.

throw

cast

fling

heave

hurl

lob

pitch

toss

put about *****

put about puts about; putting about
If you put something about , you tell it to people that you meet and cause it to become well-known. (mainly BRIT)

- Moderate Republicans in America are putting it about that minority groups really shouldn't take some of the things said at the recent Republican Convention too seriously.

- The King had been putting about lurid rumours for months.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

put across, put over *****

put across puts across; putting across
When you put something across or put it over , you succeed in describing or explaining it to someone.

- He has taken out a half-page advertisement in his local paper to put his point across.

- This is actually a very entertaining book putting over serious health messages.

- He really enjoys putting across a technical argument.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= get across

put across over

verb

communicate

convey

explain

get across

make clear

make oneself understood

put aside *****

1. put aside puts aside; putting aside
If you put something aside , you keep it to be dealt with or used at a later time.

- She took up a slice of bread, broke it nervously, then put it aside.

- Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket-money to buy Christmas presents.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= put to one side

2. put aside puts aside; putting aside
If you put a feeling or disagreement aside , you forget about it or ignore it in order to solve a problem or argument.

- We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have in common.

- We admitted that the attraction was there, but decided that we would put the feelings aside.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= forget

put aside by

verb

save

deposit

lay by

stockpile

store

put away *****

1. put away puts away; putting away
If you put something away , you put it into the place where it is normally kept when it is not being used, for example in a drawer.

- She finished putting the milk away and turned around.

- `Yes, Mum,' replied Cheryl as she slowly put away her doll.

- Her bed was crisply made, her clothes put away.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. put away puts away; putting away
If someone is put away , they are sent to prison or to a mental hospital for a long time. (INFORMAL)

- He's an animal! He should be put away.

- His testimony could put Drago away for life.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= lock up

put away

verb

1.

save

deposit

keep

put by

2.

commit

certify

institutionalize

lock up

3.

consume

devour

eat up

gobble

wolf down

4.

put back

replace

tidy away

put back *****

put back puts back; putting back
To put something back means to delay it or arrange for it to happen later than you previously planned. (mainly BRIT)

- There are always new projects which seem to put the reunion back further.

- News conferences due to be held by both men have been put back.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= delay

put by *****

put by puts by; putting by
If you put money by , you save it so that you can use it later. (BRIT)

- Dermot's putting his money by, in a Deposit Account.

- There was enough put by for her fare.

- Well we need to put by £400 for the pump valves to be renewed.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= save

put down *****

1. put down puts down; putting down
If you put something down somewhere, you write or type it there.

- Never put anything down on paper which might be used in evidence against you at a later date.

- We've put down on our staff development plan for this year that we would like some technology courses.

- I had prepared for the meeting by putting down what I wanted from them.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. put down puts down; putting down
If you put down some money, you pay part of the price of something, and will pay the rest later.

- He bought an investment property for $100,000 and put down $20,000.

- He's got to put cash down.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

3. put down puts down; putting down
When soldiers, police, or the government put down a riot or rebellion, they stop it by using force.

- Soldiers went in to put down a rebellion.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= crush

4. put down puts down; putting down
If someone puts you down , they treat you in an unpleasant way by criticizing you in front of other people or making you appear foolish. (INFORMAL)

- I know that I do put people down occasionally.

- She learned to stop putting herself down and comparing herself to others.

- Racist jokes come from wanting to put down other kinds of people we feel threatened by.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= humiliate

See also put-down .

5. put down puts down; putting down
When an animal is put down , it is killed because it is dangerous or very ill. (mainly BRIT)

- Magistrates ordered his dog Samson to be put down immediately.

- They think that any legislation that involved putting down dogs was wrong.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

put down as *****

put down puts down; putting down
If you put someone or something down as a particular type of person or thing, you consider that they are that thing.

- I think they'll put her down as being one of our best Prime Ministers.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= classify as

put down for *****

put down puts down; putting down
If you put someone down for something, you write down their name and the fact that they are going to do, give, or buy that thing.

- Put her down for a `yes' vote.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

put down to *****

put down puts down; putting down
If you put something down to a particular thing, you believe that it is caused by that thing.

- You may be a sceptic and put it down to life's inequalities.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= attribute

put down

verb

1.

record

enter

set down

take down

write down

2.

stamp out

crush

quash

quell

repress

suppress

usually with to 3.

attribute

ascribe

impute

set down

4.

put to sleep

destroy

do away with

put out of its misery

5.

humiliate

disparage

mortify

shame

slight

snub

put forth *****

put forth puts forth; putting forth
If someone puts forth a plan or proposal, they suggest it. (FORMAL)

- The rebels put forth a five-point plan.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

put forward *****

put forward puts forward; putting forward
If you put forward a plan, proposal, or name, you suggest that it should be considered for a particular purpose or job.

- He has put forward new peace proposals.

- I rang the Colonel and asked him to put my name forward for the vacancy in Zurich.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= submit

put forward

verb Slang

recommend

advance

nominate

propose

submit

suggest

tender

put in *****

1. put in puts in; putting in
If you put in an amount of time or effort doing something, you spend that time or effort doing it.

- Wade was going to be paid a salary, instead of by the hour, whether he put in forty hours or not.

- They've put in time and effort to keep the strike going.

- If we don't put money in we will lose our investment.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. put in puts in; putting in
If you put in a request or put in for something, you formally request or apply for that thing.

- The ministry ordered 113 of these and later put in a request for 21 more.

- I decided to put in for a job as deputy secretary.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

3. put in puts in; putting in
If you put in a remark, you interrupt someone or add to what they have said with the remark.

- `He was a lawyer before that,' Mary Ann put in.

- `Helen had something to eat before she left,' put in Cecil anxiously.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= interject

4. put in puts in; putting in
When a ship puts in or puts into a port, it goes into the port for a short stop.

- It's due to put in at Aden and some other ports before arriving in Basra.

- They had asked Hong Kong for permission to put into port there.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

put off *****

1. put off puts off; putting off
If you put something off , you delay doing it.

- Women who put off having a baby often make the best mothers.

- The Association has put the event off until October.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= postpone

2. put off puts off; putting off
If you put someone off , you make them wait for something that they want.

- The old priest tried to put them off, saying that the hour was late.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

3. put off puts off; putting off
If something puts you off something, it makes you dislike it, or decide not to do or have it.

- The high divorce figures don't seem to be putting people off marriage.

- His personal habits put them off.

- The country's worsening reputation does not seem to be putting off the tourists.

- We tried to visit the Abbey but were put off by the queues.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= deter

4. put off puts off; putting off
If someone or something puts you off , they take your attention from what you are trying to do and make it more difficult for you to do it.

- She asked me to be serious -- said it put her off if I laughed.

- It put her off revising for her exams.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= distract

put off

verb

1.

postpone

defer

delay

hold over

put on the back burner informal

take a rain check on U.S. & Canad. informal

2.

disconcert

confuse

discomfit

dismay

faze

nonplus

perturb

throw informal

unsettle

3.

discourage

dishearten

dissuade

put on *****

1. put on puts on; putting on
When you put on clothing or make-up, you place it on your body in order to wear it.

- She put on her coat and went out.

- Maximo put on a pair of glasses.

- I haven't even put any lipstick on.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
≠ take off

2. put on puts on; putting on
When people put on a show, exhibition, or service, they perform it or organize it.

- The band are hoping to put on a UK show before the end of the year.

- British Airways is putting on an extra flight to London tomorrow.

- We put it on and everybody said `Oh it's a brilliant production'.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

3. put on puts on; putting on
If someone puts on weight, they become heavier.

- I can eat what I want but I never put on weight.

- Luther's put on three stone.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= gain

4. put on puts on; putting on
If you put on a piece of equipment or a device, you make it start working, for example by pressing a switch or turning a knob.

- I put the radio on.

- I put on the light by the bed.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

5. put on puts on; putting on
If you put a record, tape, or CD on , you place it in a record, tape, or CD player and listen to it.

- She poured them drinks, and put a record on loud.

- Let's go into the study and put on some music.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
≠ take off

6. put on puts on; putting on
If you put something on , you begin to cook or heat it.

- She immediately put the kettle on.

- Put some rice on now.

- Put on a pan of water to simmer and gently poach the eggs.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

7. put on puts on; putting on
If you put a sum of money on something, you make a bet about it. For example, if you put £10 on a racehorse, you bet £10 that it will win.

- They each put £20 on Matthew scoring the first goal.

- He'll be back in an hour. I'd put money on it.

- I'll put a bet on for you.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= lay

8. put on puts on; putting on
To put a particular amount on the cost or value of something means to add that amount to it.

- The proposal could put 3p on a loaf of bread.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
≠ take off

9. put on puts on; putting on
If you put on a way of behaving, you behave in a way that is not natural to you or that does not express your real feelings.

- Stop putting on an act and be yourself.

- She had hoped the couple would put on a show of unity.

- It was hard to believe she was ill, she was putting it on.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

put on

verb

1.

don

change into

dress

get dressed in

slip into

2.

fake

affect

assume

feign

pretend

sham

simulate

3.

present

do

mount

produce

show

stage

4.

add

gain

increase by

put onto *****

put onto puts onto; putting onto
If you put someone onto something useful, you tell them about it.

- This elastic is a powerful variety which a friend in the clothing trade put me onto.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

put out *****

1. put out puts out; putting out
If you put out an announcement or story, you make it known to a lot of people.

- The French news agency put out a statement from the Trade Minister.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= broadcast

2. put out puts out; putting out
If you put out a fire, candle, or cigarette, you make it stop burning.

- Firemen tried to free the injured and put out the blaze.

- He lit a half-cigarette and almost immediately put it out again.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= extinguish

3. put out puts out; putting out
If you put out an electric light, you make it stop shining by pressing a switch.

- He crossed to the bedside table and put out the light.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= turn out

4. put out puts out; putting out
If you put out things that will be needed, you place them somewhere ready to be used.

- Paula had put out her luggage for the coach.

- I slowly unpacked the teapot and put it out on the table.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

5. put out puts out; putting out
If you put out your hand , you move it forward, away from your body.

- He put out his hand to Alfred.

- She put her hand out and tried to touch her mother's arm.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= stretch out

6. put out puts out; putting out
If you put someone out , you cause them trouble because they have to do something for you.

- It is a very sociable diet to follow because you don't have to put anyone out.

- I've always put myself out for others and I'm not doing it any more.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= inconvenience

7. put out puts out; putting out
In a sporting competition, to put out a player or team means to defeat them so that they are no longer in the competition.

- Another Spaniard, Emilio Sanchez, put out Jens Woehrmann in three sets.

- ...the debatable goal that put Villa out of the UEFA Cup in Milan.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= knock out

put out **

put out
If you feel put out , you feel rather annoyed or upset.

- I did not blame him for feeling put out.

- He was plainly very put out at finding her there.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= annoyed

put out

verb

1.

annoy

anger

exasperate

irk

irritate

nettle

vex

2.

extinguish

blow out

douse

quench

3.

inconvenience

bother

discomfit

discommode

impose upon

incommode

trouble

put through *****

1. put through puts through; putting through
When someone puts through someone who is making a telephone call, they make the connection that allows the telephone call to take place.

- The operator will put you through.

- He asked to be put through to Charley Lunn.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= connect

2. put through puts through; putting through
If someone puts you through an unpleasant experience, they make you experience it.

- She wouldn't want to put them through the ordeal of a huge ceremony.

- Those two husbands put me through hell.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

put together *****

1. put together puts together; putting together
If you put something together , you join its different parts to each other so that it can be used.

- He took it apart brick by brick, and put it back together again.

- The factories no longer relied upon a mechanic to put together looms within the plant.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= assemble

2. put together puts together; putting together
If you put together a group of people or things, you form them into a team or collection.

- It will be able to put together a governing coalition.

- He is trying to put a team together for next season.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= form assemble

3. put together puts together; putting together
If you put together an agreement, plan, or product, you design and create it.

- We wouldn't have time to put together an agreement.

- Reports speak of Bonn putting together an aid package for Moscow.

- We got to work on putting the book together.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
See also put 15.

put up *****

1. put up puts up; putting up
If people put up a wall, building, tent, or other structure, they construct it so that it is upright.

- Protesters have been putting up barricades across a number of major intersections.

- He was putting up a new fence at his home.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= erect ≠ take down

2. put up puts up; putting up
If you put up a poster or notice, you fix it to a wall or board.

- They're putting new street signs up.

- The teacher training college put up a plaque to the college's founder.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
≠ take down

3. put up puts up; putting up
To put up resistance to something means to resist it.

- In the end the Kurds surrendered without putting up any resistance.

- He'd put up a real fight to keep you there.

- The fish put up a spectacular 20 minute struggle before being netted.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

4. put up puts up; putting up
If you put up money for something, you provide the money that is needed to pay for it.

- The state agreed to put up $69,000 to start his company.

- The merchant banks raise capital for industry. They don't actually put it up themselves.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= provide

5. put up puts up; putting up
To put up the price of something means to cause it to increase.

- Their friends suggested they should put up their prices.

- They know he would put their taxes up.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= raise increase

6. put up puts up; putting up
If a person or hotel puts you up or if you put up somewhere, you stay there for one or more nights.

- I wanted to know if she could put me up for a few days.

- Hundreds of junior civil servants have to be put up in hotel rooms and temporary hostels.

- He decided that he would drive back to town instead of putting up for the night at the hotel.

PHR-V-ERG The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

7. put up puts up; putting up
If a political party puts up a candidate in an election or if the candidate puts up , the candidate takes part in the election.

- The new party is putting up 15 candidates for 22 seats.

- He put up as a candidate.

PHR-V-ERG The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

put up for *****

put up puts up; putting up
If you put something up for sale or auction, for example, you make it available to be sold or auctioned.

- The company should put its claims up for review by an arbitrator.

- The old flower and fruit market has been put up for sale.

- She put up her daughter for adoption in 1967.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

put up to *****

put up puts up; putting up
If you put someone up to something wrong or foolish or something which they would not normally do, you suggest that they do it and you encourage them to do it.

- How do you know he asked me out? You put him up to it.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

put up with *****

put up puts up; putting up
If you put up with something, you tolerate or accept it, even though you find it unpleasant or unsatisfactory.

- They had put up with behaviour from their son which they would not have tolerated from anyone else.

PHR-V The form put is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= tolerate endure

put up

verb

1.

erect

build

construct

fabricate

raise

2.

accommodate

board

house

lodge

take in

3.

recommend

nominate

offer

present

propose

put forward

submit

put up with

4.

stand

abide

bear

endure

stand for

swallow

take

tolerate

putative

[D.J.:ˈpju:tətɪv]

[K.K.:ˈpjutətɪv]

adj.

一般认定的,推定的,假定存在的

putative

putative
If you describe someone or something as putative , you mean that they are generally thought to be the thing mentioned. (FORMAL or LEGAL)

- ...a putative father.

ADJ: ADJ n

put-down

[D.J.:ˈpʊtˌdaʊn]

[K.K.:ˈpʊtˌdaʊn]

n.

〈口〉贬低(或奚落)的行为,使对方不再做声的反驳,(飞机的)降落

put-down **

put-down put-downs
A put-down is something that you say or do to criticize someone or make them appear foolish. (INFORMAL)

- I see the term as a put-down of women.

- She was getting very sick of Mick's put-downs.

N-COUNT also put down .

putrefaction

[D.J.:ˌpju:trəˈfækʃən]

[K.K.:ˌpjutrəˈfækʃən]

n.

化脓

腐败

堕落

putrefaction,spoilage

腐败

putrefactive

[D.J.:ˌpju:triˈfæktiv]

[K.K.:ˌpjutrəˈfæktɪv]

adj.

腐败的,易腐败的,腐烂的

putrefy

[D.J.:ˈpju:trəˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈpjutrəˌfaɪ]

vt. & vi.

(使)腐烂,(使)腐败

(使)化脓

vi.

腐化,堕落

putrefaction

n.

putrefactive

adj.

putrefaction

putrefaction
Putrefaction is the process of decay. (FORMAL)

- ...the lingering stench of putrefaction.

N-UNCOUNT
= decay decomposition

putrefy

putrefy putrefies putrefying putrefied
When something putrefies , it decays and produces a very unpleasant smell. (FORMAL)

- The meat in all of the open flasks putrefied.

- ...putrefying corpses.

VB
= rot

putrid

[D.J.:ˈpju:trɪd]

[K.K.:ˈpjutrɪd]

adj.

已腐烂的,腐败的

有毒的,有害的

腐化的,堕落的

卑劣的,极令人不快的

putridity

n.

putridity

[pju:ˈtridəti]

n.

腐败

putrid

putrid
Something that is putrid has decayed and smells very unpleasant. (FORMAL)

- ...a foul, putrid stench.

ADJ-GRADED
= rotten

putrid

adjective

rotten

bad

decayed

decomposed

off

putrefied

rancid

rotting

spoiled

putsch

[D.J.:pʊtʃ]

[K.K.:pʊtʃ]

n.

仓促起义,暴动

putsch

putsch putsches
A putsch is a sudden attempt to get rid of a government by force.

- Spectacular changes have taken place at the top since the failed putsch.

N-COUNT
= coup

putter

[D.J.:ˈputə]

[K.K.:ˈpʌtɚ]

n.

置放者,(高尔夫球)轻击棒

v.

闲荡,行为懒散,混过

putter *

1. putter putters
A putter is a club used for hitting a golf ball a short distance once it is on the green.
N-COUNT

2. putter putters puttering puttered
If you putter around, you do unimportant but quite enjoyable things, without hurrying. (AM; in BRIT use potter )

- I started puttering around outside, not knowing what I was doing.

- She liked to putter in the kitchen.

VB
= potter

putting green

putting green putting greens
A putting green is a very small golf course on which the grass is kept very short and on which there are no obstacles.
N-COUNT

putty

[D.J.:ˈpʌti:]

[K.K.:ˈpʌti]

n.

(嵌装玻璃等用的)油灰

vt.

用油灰固定、填塞等

putty in sb.’s hands

(像)某人手中的面团；任某人摆布；易受某人的影响

putty

putty
Putty is a stiff paste used to fix sheets of glass into window frames.
N-UNCOUNT

put-upon

adj.

被利用的;被占了便宜的

put-upon

put-upon
If you are put-upon , you are treated badly by someone who takes advantage of your willingness to help them. (INFORMAL)

- Volunteers from all walks of life are feeling put upon.

- ...Bernard's put-upon wife Maud.

ADJ-GRADED also put upon .
= used

puzzle

[D.J.:ˈpʌzl]

[K.K.:ˈpʌzəl]

vt.

使迷惑, 使难解

vt. & vi.

为难, 伤脑筋, 苦思

n.

智力测验, 智力玩具, 谜

难题; 令人费解的事[人]; 谜一般的事物

puzzled

[D.J.:ˈpʌzəld]

[K.K.:ˈpʌzəld]

adj.

困惑的,搞糊涂的,茫然的

puzzling

[D.J.:ˈpʌzlɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈpʌzlɪŋ]

adj.

使为难的；费解的；令人困惑的

puzzle **

1. puzzle puzzles puzzling puzzled
If something puzzles you, you do not understand it and feel confused.

- My sister puzzles me and causes me anxiety.

VB

2. puzzling

- His letter poses a number of puzzling questions.

ADJ-GRADED

3. puzzle puzzles puzzling puzzled
If you puzzle over something, you try hard to think of the answer to it or the explanation for it.

- In rehearsing Shakespeare, I puzzle over the complexities of his verse and prose.

VB

4. puzzle puzzles
A puzzle is a question, game, or toy which you have to think about carefully in order to answer it correctly or put it together properly.

- ...a word puzzle.

N-COUNT: oft supp N
See also crossword .

5. puzzle
You can describe a person or thing that is hard to understand as a puzzle .

- Data from Voyager II has presented astronomers with a puzzle about why our outermost planet exists.

- She was a puzzle.

N-SING: a N
= mystery

puzzled *

puzzled
Someone who is puzzled is confused because they do not understand something.

- Critics remain puzzled by the British election results.

- Norman looked puzzled.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ by/about/at n
= mystified

puzzle

verb Informal

1.

perplex

baffle

bewilder

confound

confuse

mystify

stump

noun

2.

problem

conundrum

enigma

mystery

paradox

poser

question

riddle

puzzled

adjective

perplexed

at a loss

at sea

baffled

bewildered

confused

lost

mystified

puzzling

adjective

perplexing

abstruse

baffling

bewildering

enigmatic

incomprehensible

involved

mystifying

puzzle out **

puzzle out puzzles out; puzzling out; puzzled out
If you puzzle out a problem, you find the answer to it by thinking hard about it.

- He left for his summer cottage to puzzle out what he might try next.

- Nosenko puzzled out Kutya's surname.

- The risks can be so complex that banks hire mathematicians to puzzle them out.

PHR-V

puzzlement

[D.J.:ˈpʌzəlmənt]

[K.K.:ˈpʌzəlmənt]

n.

迷惑;费解

谜

puzzlement

puzzlement
Puzzlement is the confusion that you feel when you do not understand something.

- He frowned in puzzlement.

N-UNCOUNT
= bafflement

puzzlement

noun

perplexity

bafflement

bewilderment

confusion

doubt

mystification

PVC

[D.J.:ˌpi:vi:ˈsi:]

[K.K.:ˌpiviˈsi]

n.

聚氯乙烯

PVC

PVC
PVC is a plastic material that is used for many purposes, for example to make clothing or shoes or to cover chairs. PVC is an abbreviation for `polyvinyl chloride'.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

Pvt.

n.

私密信件 Private 士兵

Pvt.

Pvt.
Pvt. is used before a person's name as a written abbreviation for the military title Private . (AM; in BRIT use Pte )

- ...Pvt. Carlton McCarthy of the Richmond Howitzers.

N-TITLE

pw

abbr.

Palau 帕劳

pw

abbr.

Palau 帕劳

pw

pw
pw is used especially when stating the weekly cost of something. pw is the written abbreviation for `per week'.

- ...single room - £55 pw.

pygmy

[D.J.:ˈpɪgmi:]

[K.K.:ˈpɪɡmi]

n.

俾格米人

特别矮小的人或动物,特别小的东西

adj.

非常小的

pygmy

1. pygmy
Pygmy means belonging to a species of animal which is the smallest of a group of related species.

- Reaching a maximum height of 56cm the pygmy goat is essentially a pet.

ADJ: ADJ n also pigmy .

2. pygmy pygmies
A pygmy is a member of a group of very short people who live in Africa or south-east Asia.

- ...the pygmy tribes of Papua New Guinea.

N-COUNT also pigmy .

pyjamas

[D.J.:pəˈdʒɑ:məz]

n.

(一套)睡衣裤

pyjamas *

pyjamas
A pair of pyjamas consists of loose trousers and a loose jacket that people, especially men, wear in bed.

- My brother was still in his pyjamas.

- ...a pyjama jacket.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N The spelling pajamas is used in American English. The forms pyjama and pajama are used as modifiers.

pylon

[D.J.:ˈpaɪˌlɔn]

[K.K.:ˈpaɪˌlɑn]

n.

(架高压输电线的)电缆塔

pylon

pylon pylons
Pylons are very tall metal structures which hold electric cables high above the ground so that electricity can be transmitted over long distances.

- ...electricity pylons.

N-COUNT

pyramid

[D.J.:ˈpirəmid]

[K.K.:ˈpɪrəmɪd]

n.

金字塔

棱锥(体), 角锥(体)

pyramid *

1. pyramid pyramids
Pyramids are ancient stone buildings with four triangular sloping sides. The most famous pyramids are those built in ancient Egypt to contain the bodies of their kings and queens.

- We set off to see the Pyramids and Sphinx.

N-COUNT

2. pyramid pyramids
A pyramid is a shape, object, or pile of things with a flat base and sloping triangular sides that meet at a point.

- On a plate in front of him was piled a pyramid of flat white biscuits.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. pyramid pyramids
You can describe something as a pyramid when it is organized so that there are fewer people at each level as you go towards the top.

- Traditionally, the Brahmins, or the priestly class, are set at the top of the social pyramid.

N-COUNT

pyramidal

[piˈræmidl]

adj.

金字塔形的,锥体的

pyramidal

pyramidal
Something that is pyramidal is shaped like a pyramid. (FORMAL)

- ...a black pyramidal tent.

ADJ

pyre

[D.J.:paɪə]

[K.K.:paɪr]

n.

大堆可燃物,(尤指火葬用的)柴堆

pyre

pyre pyres
A pyre is a high pile of wood built outside on which people burn a dead body or other things in a ceremony.
N-COUNT

Pyrex

[D.J.:ˈpaireks]

[K.K.:ˈpaɪˌrɛks]

n.

耐热玻璃,其商标名

Pyrex

Pyrex
Pyrex is a type of strong glass which is used for making bowls and dishes that do not break when you cook things in them. (TRADEMARK)
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

pyromania

[D.J.:ˌpaɪərəʊˈmeɪni:ə, -ˈmeɪnjə]

[K.K.:ˌpaɪroˈmeniə, -ˈmenjə]

n.

纵火狂

pyromaniac

n. & adj.

pyromaniac

[ˌpairəuˈmeiniæk]

n.

放火狂

adj.

放火狂的

pyromaniac

pyromaniac pyromaniacs
A pyromaniac is a person who has an uncontrollable desire to start fires.
N-COUNT

pyrotechnics

[D.J.:ˌpaiərəuˈtekniks]

[K.K.:ˌpaɪrəˈtɛknɪks]

n.

烟火制造术,烟火使用

pyrotechnics

1. pyrotechnics
Pyrotechnics is the making or displaying of fireworks.

- The festival will feature pyrotechnics, live music, and sculptures.

N-UNCOUNT

2. pyrotechnics
Impressive and exciting displays of skill are sometimes referred to as pyrotechnics .

- ...the soaring pyrotechnics of the singer's voice.

N-PLURAL

pyrrhic victory

pyrrhic victory pyrrhic victories
If you describe a victory as a pyrrhic victory , you mean that although someone has won or gained something, they have also lost something which was worth even more.
N-COUNT

Q

[kju:]

n.

字母q

Q, q

1. Q, q Q's, q's
Q is the seventeenth letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

2. Q, q
Q or q is used as an abbreviation for words beginning with q, such as `question' or `queen'.

- Q: Should I dress up or dress down on the first date? A: It depends..

QC

abbr.

Quality Control 质量控制

Quality Control 质量控制,质量管理

QC

abbr.

Quality Control 质量控制

Quality Control 质量控制，质量管理

QC **

QC QCs
In Britain, a QC is a senior barrister. QC is an abbreviation for `Queen's Counsel'.

- The Sun hired a top QC to defend Kay.

- ...Channel 4's counsel, George Carman QC.

N-COUNT

quack

[D.J.:kwæk]

[K.K.:kwæk]

n.

<英>江湖医生,庸医

医生

vi.

(鸭子)发出嘎嘎声

quack

1. quack quacks
If you call someone a quack or a quack doctor , you mean that they claim to be skilled in medicine but are not.

- I went everywhere for treatment, tried all sorts of quacks.

N-COUNT: oft N n disapproval

2. quack
Quack remedies or quack cures are medical treatments that you think are unlikely to work because they are not scientific.

- Why do intelligent people find quack remedies so appealing?

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

3. quack quacks quacking quacked
When a duck quacks , it makes the noise that ducks typically make.

- There are plenty of ducks and geese quacking on the lawn.

VB

4. quack
Also a noun.

- Suddenly he heard a quack.

N-COUNT; SOUND

quack

noun

charlatan

fake

fraud

humbug

impostor

mountebank

phoney or phony informal

quackery

[ˈkwækəri]

n.

庸医的医术,骗子的行为

quackery

quackery
If you refer to a form of medical treatment as quackery , you think that it is unlikely to work because it is not scientific.

- To some people, herbal remedies smell of quackery.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

quad

[D.J.:kwɔd]

[K.K.:kwɑd]

n.

空铅,方庭,四方院子,嵌块

vt.

在…填补空铅

quad

1. quad quads
Quads are the same as quadruplets .

- ...a 34-year-old mother of quads.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. quad quads
A quad is the same as a quadrangle . (INFORMAL)

- His rooms were on the left-hand side of the quad.

N-COUNT: usu the N

quad bike

quad bike quad bikes
A quad bike is a kind of motorbike with four large wheels that people ride for fun or in races.
N-COUNT

quadrangle

[D.J.:ˈkwɔdˌræŋgəl]

[K.K.:ˈkwɑdˌræŋɡəl]

n.

四边形

(尤指大学的学院等的)四方院子

quadrangular

adj.

quadrangular

[kwɔdˈræɡjulə]

adj.

四边形的

quadrangle

quadrangle quadrangles
A quadrangle is an open square area with buildings round it, especially in a college or school.
N-COUNT: oft the N

quadrant

[D.J.:ˈkwɔdrənt]

[K.K.:ˈkwɑdrənt]

n.

四分之一圆,扇形体,四分之一圆周

象限仪;四分仪

quadrant

quadrant quadrants
A quadrant is one of four equal parts into which a circle or other shape has been divided.

- The player appears in an upper quadrant of the screen, answering a question, while the game continues.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, adj N, N of n

quadrille

[D.J.:kwɔˈdril]

[K.K.:kwɑˈdrɪl, kwə-, kə-]

n.

四人用四十张纸牌玩的牌戏,四对方舞,四对方舞曲

quadrille

quadrille quadrilles
A quadrille is a type of old-fashioned dance for four or more couples.
N-COUNT

quadriplegic

[ˌkwɔdriˈpledʒik]

n.

四肢瘫痪者

adj.

四肢瘫痪的

quadriplegic

1. quadriplegic quadriplegics
A quadriplegic is a person who is permanently unable to use their arms and legs.
N-COUNT

2. quadriplegic
Also an adjective.

- He is now quadriplegic and confined to a wheelchair.

ADJ

quadruped

[D.J.:ˈkwɔdrəˌped]

[K.K.:ˈkwɑdrəˌpɛd]

n.

四足动物

adj.

四足的

quadruped

quadruped quadrupeds
A quadruped is any animal with four legs. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

quadruple

[D.J.:kwɔˈdru:pəl, -ˈdrʌpəl, ˈkwɔdrʊpəl]

[K.K.:kwɑˈdrupəl, -ˈdrʌpəl, ˈkwɑdrʊpəl]

adj.

四倍的;四重的;四部组成的

n.

四倍数

vt. & vi.

(使)成四倍

quadrupling

[kwɔˈdru:pliŋ]

n.

四倍

quadruple *

1. quadruple quadruples quadrupling quadrupled
If someone quadruples an amount or if it quadruples , it becomes four times bigger.

- China seeks to quadruple its income in twenty years.

- The price has quadrupled in the last few years.

V-ERG

2. quadruple
If one amount is quadruple another amount, it is four times bigger.

- Fifty-nine percent of its residents have attended graduate school -- quadruple the national average.

PREDET: PREDET det n

3. quadruple
You use quadruple to indicate that something has four parts or happens four times.

- The quadruple murder has replaced property prices as the sole topic of interest.

ADJ: ADJ n

quadruplet

[D.J.:ˈkwɔdruplit]

[K.K.:kwɑˈdrʌplɪt, -ˈdruplɪt, ˈkwɑdrəplɪt]

n.

四组,四胞胎中之一

quadruplets

四胎

quadruplet

quadruplet quadruplets
Quadruplets are four children who are born to the same mother at the same time.
N-COUNT: usu pl

quaff

[D.J.:kwɔf, kwæf, kwɔ:f]

[K.K.:kwɑf, kwæf, kwɔf]

vt. & vi.

<文>痛饮,畅饮;大口大口将…喝干,一饮而尽

quaff

quaff quaffs quaffing quaffed
If you quaff an alcoholic drink, you drink a lot of it in a short time. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- By the time he had quaffed his third, he was winking playfully at a plump woman who sat across from him.

VB

quaff

verb

drink

down

gulp

imbibe

swallow

swig informal

quagmire

[D.J.:ˈkwægˌmaɪə, ˈkwɔg-]

[K.K.:ˈkwæɡˌmaɪr, ˈkwɑɡ-]

n.

沼泽地,泥潭

quagmire *

1. quagmire quagmires
A quagmire is a difficult, complicated, or unpleasant situation which is not easy to avoid or escape from.

- His people had fallen further and further into a quagmire of confusion.

- We have no intention of being drawn into a political quagmire.

N-COUNT: usu sing with supp

2. quagmire quagmires
A quagmire is a soft, wet area of land which your feet sink into if you try to walk across it.

- Overnight rain had turned the grass airstrip into a quagmire.

N-COUNT: usu sing

quagmire

noun

bog

fen

marsh

mire

morass

quicksand

slough

swamp

quail

[D.J.:kweɪl]

[K.K.:kwel]

n.

鹌鹑

鹌鹑肉

vi.

害怕,发抖,畏缩

quail *

1. quail quails
A quail is a type of small bird which is often shot and eaten.

- I've shot hundreds of quail with that gun.

N-COUNT quail can also be used as the plural form

2. quail
Quail is the meat of this bird eaten as food.

- They dined off salmon, quail, and fruit.

N-UNCOUNT quail can also be used as the plural form

3. quail quails quailing quailed
If someone or something makes you quail , they make you feel very afraid, often so that you hesitate. (LITERARY)

- The very words make many of us quail.

- He told Naomi she was becoming just like Maya. Naomi quailed at the thought.

VB quail can also be used as the plural form

quail

verb

shrink

blanch

blench

cower

cringe

falter

flinch

have cold feet informal

recoil

shudder

quaint

[D.J.:kweint]

[K.K.:kwent]

adj.

古色古香的

少见的, 古怪的

quaintly

adv.

古雅别致,离奇有趣地,优雅地

quaintness

n.

离奇有趣,古怪的事物

quaint *

1. quaint quainter quaintest
Something that is quaint is attractive because it is unusual and rather old-fashioned.

- ...a small, quaint town with narrow streets and traditional half-timbered houses...

- That's how concepts like general welfare start to sound quaint in this age.

ADJ-GRADED

2. quaintly

- This may seem a quaintly old-fashioned idea.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

3. quaintness

- ...the quaintness of the rural north.

N-UNCOUNT

quaint

adjective

1.

unusual

bizarre

curious

droll

eccentric

fanciful

odd

old-fashioned

peculiar

queer

rum Brit. slang

singular

strange

2.

old-fashioned

antiquated

old-world

picturesque

quake

[D.J.:kweɪk]

[K.K.:kwek]

vi.

颤抖, (因害怕或寒冷而)发抖

(地面)震动

quake *

1. quake quakes
A quake is the same as an earthquake .

- The quake destroyed mud buildings in many remote villages.

N-COUNT
= earthquake

2. quake quakes quaking quaked
If you quake , you shake, usually because you are very afraid.

- I just stood there quaking with fear.

- Her shoulders quaked.

VB

3. quake
If you are quaking in your boots or quaking in your shoes , you feel very nervous or afraid, and may be feeling slightly weak as a result.

- If you stand up straight you'll give an impression of self-confidence even if you're quaking in your boots.

PHR: V inflects

quake

verb

shake

move

quiver

rock

shiver

shudder

tremble

vibrate

Quaker

[D.J.:ˈkweɪkə]

[K.K.:ˈkwekɚ]

n.

公谊会教徒,贵格会教徒,教友会教徒(基督教教派,反对暴力,宗教仪式简单且无神职人员)

Quaker *

Quaker Quakers
A Quaker is a person who belongs to a Christian group called the Society of Friends.
N-COUNT

qualification

[D.J.:ˌkwɔlifiˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌkwɑləfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

合格证书

资格, 条件

限制, 限定性条件

qualification **

1. qualification qualifications
Your qualifications are the examinations that you have passed.

- They will be encouraged to mix academic A-levels with vocational qualifications.

- Lucy Thomson, 16, wants to study theatre but needs more qualifications.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. qualification
Qualification is the act of passing the examinations you need to work in a particular profession.

- Following qualification, he worked as a social worker.

N-UNCOUNT

3. qualification qualifications
The qualifications you need for an activity or task are the qualities and skills that you need to be able to do it.

- Responsibility and reliability are necessary qualifications, as well as a friendly and outgoing personality.

- That time with him is my qualification to write this book.

N-COUNT

4. qualification qualifications
If something is stated or accepted without qualification , it is stated or accepted as it is, without the need for any changes.

- The empirical evidence considered here is subject to many qualifications.

- This statement requires qualification and clarification.

- The government has also conceded, almost without qualification, to most of the students' other demands.

PHR: PHR with cl/group
= without reservation

qualification

noun

1.

attribute

ability

aptitude

capability

eligibility

fitness

quality

skill

suitability

2.

condition

caveat

limitation

modification

proviso

requirement

reservation

rider

stipulation

qualified

[D.J.:ˈkwɔləˌfaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈkwɑləˌfaɪd]

adj.

有资格的, 适合的, 胜任的

有限制的;不完全的

qualifier

[D.J.:ˈkwɔlifaiə]

[K.K.:ˈkwɑləˌfaɪɚ]

n.

合格者, 已取得资格的人

修饰语

qualify

[D.J.:ˈkwɔlifai]

[K.K.:ˈkwɑləˌfaɪ]

vt. & vi.

(使)具有资格, (使)合格

vt.

限定, 修饰

qualifying

adj.

使具有资格的

qualified ***

1. qualified
Someone who is qualified has passed the examinations that they need to pass in order to work in a particular profession.

- Demand has far outstripped supply of qualified teachers.

- The reader should seek the services of a qualified professional for such advice.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. qualified
If you give someone or something qualified support or approval, your support or approval is not total because you have some doubts.

- The government has in the past given qualified support to the idea of tightening the legislation.

- Mr Wade answers both questions with a qualified yes.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ unqualified

3. qualified
If you describe something as a qualified success , you mean that it is only partly successful.

- Even as a humanitarian mission it has been only a qualified success.

PHR: v-link PHR

qualify ***

1. qualify qualifies qualifying qualified
When someone qualifies , they pass the examinations that they need to be able to work in a particular profession.

- But when I'd qualified and started teaching it was a different story.

- I qualified as a doctor from London University over 30 years ago.

VB

2. qualify qualifies qualifying qualified
If you qualify for something or if something qualifies you for it, you have the right to do it or have it.

- To qualify for maternity leave you must have worked for the same employer for two years.

- The basic course does not qualify you to practise as a therapist.

- A few useful skills -- English-teaching, for example -- qualified foreigners for work visas.

- ...highly trained staff who are well qualified to give unbiased, practical advice.

V-ERG

3. qualify qualifies qualifying qualified
To qualify as something or to be qualified as something means to have all the features that are needed to be that thing.

- 13 percent of American households qualify as poor, says Mr. Mishel.

- These people seem to think that reading a few books on old age qualifies them as experts.

V-ERG

4. qualify qualifies qualifying qualified
If you qualify in a competition, you are successful in one part of it and go on to the next stage.

- Nottingham Forest qualified for the final by beating Tranmere on Tuesday.

- Cameroon have also qualified after beating Sierra Leone.

- Canada scored an unexpected victory in a World Cup qualifying match in Buenos Aires.

VB

5. qualifier qualifiers

- Kenya's Robert Kibe was the fastest qualifier for the 800 metres final.

N-COUNT

6. qualify qualifies qualifying qualified
If you qualify a statement, you make it less strong or less general by adding a detail or explanation to it.

- I would qualify that by putting it into context.

VB

qualified

adjective

1.

capable

able

adept

competent

efficient

experienced

expert

fit

practised

proficient

skilful

trained

2.

restricted

bounded

conditional

confined

contingent

limited

modified

provisional

reserved

qualify

verb

1.

certify

empower

equip

fit

permit

prepare

ready

train

2.

moderate

diminish

ease

lessen

limit

reduce

regulate

restrain

restrict

soften

temper

qualifier **

1. qualifier qualifiers
A qualifier is an early round or match in some competitions. The players or teams who are successful are able to continue to the next round or to the main competition.

- Last week Wales lost 5-1 to Romania in a World Cup qualifier.

N-COUNT

2. qualifier qualifiers
In grammar, a qualifier is a word or group of words that comes after a noun and gives more information about the person or thing that the noun refers to.
N-COUNT

qualitative

[D.J.:ˈkwɔlitətiv]

[K.K.:ˈkwɑlɪˌtetɪv]

adj.

定性的, 性质(上)的; 质量的

qualitatively

adv.

质量上

qualitative *

1. qualitative
Qualitative means relating to the nature or standard of something, rather than to its quantity. (FORMAL)

- There are qualitative differences in the way children of different ages and adults think.

- That's the whole difference between quantitative and qualitative research.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. qualitatively

- The new media are unlikely to prove qualitatively different from the old.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v

quality

[D.J.:ˈkwɔliti]

[K.K.:ˈkwɑlɪti]

n.

质, 质量

优点, 优质

品质, 特征, 特性

特点, 特色

quality ****

1. quality
The quality of something is how good or bad it is.

- Everyone can greatly improve the quality of life.

- Other services vary dramatically in quality.

- ...high quality paper and plywood.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. quality
Something of quality is of a high standard.

- ...a college of quality...

- As a measure of our concern for quality, we took the decision to withdraw a quantity of stock from sale.

- We have been successful because we are offering a quality service.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N n

3. quality qualities
Someone's qualities are the good characteristics that they have which are part of their nature.

- Sometimes you wonder where your kids get their good qualities.

- He wanted to introduce mature people with leadership qualities.

- A job analysis should also include what skills and personal qualities are required.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu supp N

4. quality qualities
You can describe a particular characteristic of a person or thing as a quality .

- ...a childlike quality.

- ...the pretentious quality of the poetry...

- Thyme tea can be used by adults for its antiseptic qualities.

N-COUNT: oft adj N

5. quality
The quality papers or the quality press are the more serious newspapers which give detailed accounts of world events, as well as reports on business, culture, and society. (BRIT)

- Even the quality papers agreed that it was a triumph.

ADJ: ADJ n

quality

noun

1.

excellence

calibre

distinction

grade

merit

position

rank

standing

status

2.

characteristic

aspect

attribute

condition

feature

mark

property

trait

3.

nature

character

kind

make

sort

quality control *

quality control
In an organization that produces goods or provides services, quality control is the activity of checking that the goods or services are of an acceptable standard.
N-UNCOUNT

quality time

quality time
If people spend quality time together, they spend a period of time relaxing or doing things that they both enjoy, and not worrying about work or other responsibilities.
N-UNCOUNT approval

qualm

[D.J.:kwɑ:m, kwɔ:m]

[K.K.:kwɑm, kwɔm]

n.

不安, (对某事是否正确感到的)疑虑

qualm *

qualm qualms
If you have no qualms about doing something, you are not worried that it may be wrong in some way.

- I have no qualms about recommending the same approach to other doctors.

- Did she see her husband as capable of murder? She had used the word without a qualm.

N-COUNT

qualm

noun

misgiving

anxiety

apprehension

compunction

disquiet

doubt

hesitation

scruple

twinge or pang of conscience

uneasiness

quandary

[D.J.:ˈkwɔndəri:, -dri:]

[K.K.:ˈkwɑndəri, -dri]

n.

窘困,不知所措

in a quandary

左右为难； 不知所措

quandary

quandary quandaries
If you are in a quandary , you have to make a decision but cannot decide what to do.

- The government appears to be in a quandary about what to do with so many people.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= dilemma

quandary

noun

difficulty

cleft stick

dilemma

impasse

plight

predicament

puzzle

strait

quango

n.

半独立国家的政府组织;半官方机构

quango

quango quangos
In Britain, a quango is a committee which is appointed by the government but works independently. A quango has responsibility for a particular area of activity, for example the giving of government grants to arts organizations.
N-COUNT

quantifiable

adj.

可以计量的

quantifiable

quantifiable
Something that is quantifiable can be measured or counted in a scientific way.

- A clearly quantifiable measure of quality is not necessary.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unquantifiable

quantifier

[D.J.:ˈkwɔntifaiə]

[K.K.:ˈkwɑntəˌfaɪɚ]

n.

数量词,量词

quantifier

quantifier quantifiers
In grammar, a quantifier is a word or phrase such as `plenty' or `a lot' which you use to refer to a quantity of something without being precise. It is often followed by `of', as in `a lot of money'.
N-COUNT

quantification

[ˌkwɔntifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n]

n.

量(化)

quantify

[D.J.:ˈkwɔntifai]

[K.K.:ˈkwɑntəˌfaɪ]

vt.

确定…的数量

quantifying

[ˈkwɔntifaiiŋ]

n.

定量法

quantify *

1. quantify quantifies quantifying quantified
If you try to quantify something, you try to calculate how much of it there is.

- It is difficult to quantify an exact figure as firms are reluctant to declare their losses.

VB: usu with brd-neg

2. quantification

- Others are more susceptible to attempts at quantification.

N-UNCOUNT

quantitative

[D.J.:ˈkwɔntitətiv]

[K.K.:ˈkwɑntɪˌtetɪv]

adj.

数量(上)的

quantitatively

adv.

数量上

quantitative *

1. quantitative
Quantitative means relating to different sizes or amounts of things. (FORMAL)

- ...the advantages of quantitative and qualitative research.

- ...the quantitative analysis of migration.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. quantitatively

- We cannot predict quantitatively the value or the cost of a new technology.

ADV

quantities

工程量

quantity

[D.J.:ˈkwɔntiti]

[K.K.:ˈkwɑntɪti]

n.

数目, 数量

量, 大小

quantity ***

1. quantity quantities
A quantity is an amount that you can measure or count.

- ...a small quantity of water.

- ...vast quantities of food...

- The bowl needs to be re-frozen after each use, so it takes a long time to make a large quantity.

- Cheap goods are available, but not in sufficient quantities to satisfy demand.

- Uranium is available in considerable quantity from various areas of the world.

N-VAR
= amount

2. quantity
Things that are produced or available in quantity are produced or available in large amounts.

- After some initial problems, acetone was successfully produced in quantity.

- But even with those databases, the sheer quantity of data can still cause problems.

N-UNCOUNT

3. quantity
You can use quantity to refer to the amount of something that there is, especially when you want to contrast it with its quality.

- ...the less discerning drinker who prefers quantity to quality...

- In terms of quantity, production grew faster than ever before.

N-UNCOUNT
= amount

4. quantity
If you say that someone or something is an unknown quantity , you mean that not much is known about what they are like or how they will behave.

- She had known Max for some years now, but he was still pretty much an unknown quantity.

PHR: v-link PHR

quantity

noun

1.

amount

lot

number

part

sum

total

2.

size

bulk

capacity

extent

length

magnitude

mass

measure

volume

quantity surveyor

quantity surveyor quantity surveyors
A quantity surveyor is a person who calculates the cost and amount of materials and workers needed for a job such as building a house or a road. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

quantum

[D.J.:ˈkwɔntəm]

[K.K.:ˈkwɑntəm]

n.

<物>量子

定量;总量

a quantum leap

剧增；突飞猛进；重大进展

quantum **

1. quantum
In physics, quantum theory and quantum mechanics are concerned with the behaviour of atomic particles.

- Both quantum mechanics and chaos theory suggest a world constantly in flux.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. quantum
A quantum leap or quantum jump in something is a very great and sudden increase in its size, amount, or quality.

- A vaccine which can halt this suffering represents a quantum leap in healthcare in this country.

- The scale of migration took a quantum leap in the early 1970s.

ADJ: ADJ n

quarantine

[D.J.:ˈkwɔ:rənˌti:n, ˈkwɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈkwɔrənˌtin, ˈkwɑr-]

n.

(人或动物生病之后被隔离的)检疫期

vt.

对…进行检疫隔离

quarantine *

1. quarantine
If a person or animal is in quarantine , they are being kept separate from other people or animals for a set period of time, usually because they have or may have a disease.

- She was sent home to Oxford and put in quarantine.

- No mammals other than people may enter the country without lengthy quarantine.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in/into n

2. quarantine quarantines quarantining quarantined
If people or animals are quarantined , they are stopped from having contact with other people or animals. If a place is quarantined , people and animals are prevented from entering or leaving it.

- Dogs have to be quarantined for six months before they'll let them in.

VB: usu passive

quark

[D.J.:kwɑ:k]

[K.K.:kwɔrk, kwɑrk]

n.

夸克(构成原子的最小粒子)

quark *

quark quarks
In physics, a quark is one of the basic units of matter.
N-COUNT

quarrel

[D.J.:ˈkwɔrəl]

[K.K.:ˈkwɔrəl, ˈkwɑr-]

n.

争吵, 不和, 口角

抱怨…的原因[理由]

vi.

争吵, 争辩

不同意; 挑剔

quarrel **

1. quarrel quarrels
A quarrel is an angry argument between two or more friends or family members.

- I had a terrible quarrel with my other brothers.

- It could have happened during a quarrel between them over Naomi.

N-COUNT

2. quarrel quarrels
Quarrels between countries or groups of people are disagreements, which may be diplomatic or include fighting. (JOURNALISM)

- New Zealand's quarrel with France over the Rainbow Warrior incident was formally ended.

- The quarrel between the Serbs and the Croats is old and bitter.

N-COUNT

3. quarrel quarrels quarrelling quarrelled
When two or more people quarrel , they have an angry argument.

- At one point we quarrelled, over something silly.

- My brother quarrelled with my father.

V-RECIP (AM) quarreling , quarreled

4. quarrel
If you say that you have no quarrel with someone or something, you mean that you do not disagree with them.

- We have no quarrel with the people of Spain or of any other country.

- She had no quarrel with much of what had been said at dinner.

N-SING: with neg

5. quarrel quarrels quarrelling quarrelled
If you say that you would quarrel with someone or with something that they have said, you mean that you disagree with them.

- I would quarrel with you on that figure.

- While some of his peers might quarrel with the title, his credentials remain impressive.

VB (AM) quarreling , quarreled

quarrel

noun

1.

disagreement

argument

brawl

breach

contention

controversy

dispute

dissension

feud

fight

row

squabble

tiff

verb

2.

disagree

argue

bicker

brawl

clash

differ

dispute

fall out informal

fight

row

squabble

quarrelsome

[D.J.:ˈkwɔ:rəlsəm, ˈkwɔr-]

[K.K.:ˈkwɔrəlsəm, ˈkwɑr-]

adj.

<贬>(人)好争吵的,动辄争吵的

quarrelsomeness

n.

quarrelsomeness

n.

喜吵架

quarrelsome

quarrelsome
A quarrelsome person often gets involved in arguments.

- Benedict had been a wild boy and a quarrelsome young man.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= argumentative

quarrelsome

adjective

argumentative

belligerent

combative

contentious

disputatious

pugnacious

quarry

[D.J.:ˈkwɔ:ri:, ˈkwɔri:]

[K.K.:ˈkwɔri, ˈkwɑri]

n.

(采)石场;露天矿场

(知识等的)丰富源泉;(消息等的)来源

猎物(指鸟,兽等)

被追逐的目标

(格窗等的)方形玻璃,菱形玻璃

方形石,菱形石

vt.

从采石场采得

从(书本等中)努力发掘(资料等)

vi.

在采石场采石

努力发掘

quarrying

[ˈkwɔriiŋ]

v.

采石

quarry *

1. quarry quarries
A quarry is an area that is dug out from a piece of land or the side of a mountain in order to get stone or minerals.

- ...an old limestone quarry.

N-COUNT

2. quarry quarries quarrying quarried
When stone or minerals are quarried or when an area is quarried for them, they are removed from the area by digging, drilling, or using explosives.

- The large limestone caves are also quarried for cement.

- ...locally quarried stone.

VB

3. quarrying

- Farming, quarrying and other local industries have declined.

N-UNCOUNT

4. quarry
A person's or animal's quarry is the person or animal that they are hunting.
N-SING

quarry

noun

prey

aim

game

goal

objective

prize

victim

quart

[D.J.:kwɔ:t]

[K.K.:kwɔrt]

n.

夸脱(液体或固体的容积单位)

quart

quart quarts
A quart is a unit of volume that is equal to two pints.

- Pick up a quart of milk or a loaf of bread.

N-COUNT: num N, oft N of n

quarter

[D.J.:ˈkwɔ:tə]

[K.K.:ˈkwɔrtɚ]

n.

四分之一

每小时之前或之后的一刻钟, 第十五分钟

两角五分的硬币; 四分之一元

三个月, 一个季度

上弦[下弦]; 月球周期的四分之一

方向; 地区; 城镇的一部分

住处; 营房

人, 团体

vt.

把…四等分

使(士兵)驻扎, 供…住宿

quartered

[ˈkwɔ:təd]

adj.

四分的,提供住所的

quartering

[ˈkwɔ:təriŋ]

n.

四等分,军营或其他住所的分配

adj.

从斜后侧方向吹来的

quarters

n.

住处,岗位

quarter ****

1. quarter
A quarter is one of four equal parts of something.

- A quarter of the residents are over 55 years old.

- I've got to go and collect my son in about a quarter of an hour.

- Prices have fallen by a quarter since January.

- Cut the peppers into quarters.

FRACTION

2. quarter
Also a predeterminer.

- The largest asteroid is Ceres, which is about a quarter the size of the moon.

PREDET

3. quarter
Also an adjective.

- ...the past quarter century...

- He closed his door and started the quarter-mile walk down the hill.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. quarter quarters
A quarter is a fixed period of three months. Companies often divide their financial year into four quarters.

- The group said results for the third quarter are due on October 29.

N-COUNT: usu sing

5. quarter
When you are telling the time, you use quarter to talk about the fifteen minutes before or after an hour. For example, 8.15 is quarter past eight, and 8.45 is quarter to nine. In American English, you can also say that 8.15 is a quarter after eight and 8.45 is a quarter of nine.

- It was a quarter to six.

- See you about quarter to nine.

- I got a call at quarter of seven one night.

- Nobody else turned up till a quarter past ten.

- The time was recorded at a quarter after five.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

6. quarter quarters quartering quartered
If you quarter something such as a fruit or a vegetable, you cut it into four roughly equal parts.

- Chop the mushrooms and quarter the tomatoes.

VB

7. quarter quarters quartering quartered
If the number or size of something is quartered , it is reduced to about a quarter of its previous number or size.

- The doses I suggested for adults could be halved or quartered.

VB: usu passive

8. quarter quarters
A quarter is an American or Canadian coin that is worth 25 cents.

- I dropped a quarter into the slot of the pay phone.

N-COUNT

9. quarter quarters
A particular quarter of a town is a part of the town where a particular group of people traditionally live or work.

- We wandered through the Chinese quarter.

N-COUNT: supp N

10. quarter quarters
To refer to a person or group you may not want to name, you can talk about the reactions or actions from a particular quarter .

- Help came from an unexpected quarter.

- There are fears in some quarters that the republic would have little chance of surviving on its own.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

11. quarter quarters
The rooms provided for soldiers, sailors, or servants to live in are called their quarters .

- Mckinnon went down from deck to the officers' quarters.

N-PLURAL: poss N

12. quarter quarters quartering quartered
If people are quartered somewhere, they are provided with accommodation for a short time, usually while they are working away from home.

- Our soldiers are quartered in Peredelkino.

VB: usu passive

13. quarter
If you do something at close quarters , you do it very near to a particular person or thing.

- You can watch aircraft take off or land at close quarters.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

14. quarter
If you say that someone was given no quarter , you mean that they were not treated kindly by someone who had power or control over them.

- This is not war as you learned it. It is brutal work, with no quarter given.

PHR: PHR with v

quarter

noun

1.

district

area

locality

neighbourhood

part

place

province

region

side

zone

2.

mercy

clemency

compassion

forgiveness

leniency

pity

verb

3.

accommodate

billet

board

house

lodge

place

post

station

quarters

plural noun

lodgings

abode

barracks

billet

chambers

dwelling

habitation

residence

rooms

quarterback

[D.J.:ˈkwɔ:təˌbæk]

[K.K.:ˈkwɔrtɚˌbæk]

n.

(美式足球)(指挥进攻的)四分卫,枢纽前卫

vi.

(美式足球)打四分卫;担任枢纽前卫

vt.

指挥;组织

quarterback

quarterback quarterbacks
In American football, a quarterback is the player on the attacking team who begins each play and who decides which play to use. (AM)
N-COUNT

quarter-final

[D.J.:ˈkwɔ:təfain(ə)l]

[K.K.:ˌkwɔrtɚˈfaɪnəl]

adj.

四分之一决赛的,复赛的

n.

复赛

quarter-final **

quarter-final quarter-finals
A quarter-final is one of the four matches in a competition which decides which four players or teams will compete in the semi-final.

- The very least I'm looking for at Wimbledon is to reach the quarter-finals.

N-COUNT (AM) quarterfinal

quarter-finalist

n.

进入复赛的人

quarter-finalist

quarter-finalist quarter-finalists
A quarter-finalist is a person or team that is competing in a quarter-final.
N-COUNT

quarterly

[D.J.:ˈkwɔ:təli]

[K.K.:ˈkwɔrtəli]

n.

季刊

adj.

一年四次的, 每季的

adv.

一年四次地, 每季地

quarterly **

1. quarterly
A quarterly event happens four times a year, at intervals of three months.

- ...the latest Bank of Japan quarterly survey of 5,000 companies.

ADJ

2. quarterly
Also an adverb.

- It makes no difference whether dividends are paid quarterly or annually.

ADV: ADV after v

3. quarterly quarterlies
A quarterly is a magazine that is published four times a year, at intervals of three months.

- The quarterly had been a forum for sound academic debate.

- ...`Foreign Policy', a quarterly journal published in Paris.

N-COUNT: oft N n

quarter note

quarter note quarter notes
A quarter note is a musical note that has a time value equal to two eighth notes. (AM; in BRIT use crotchet )
N-COUNT

quarter pounder

quarter pounder quarter pounders
A quarter pounder is a hamburger that weighs four ounces before it is cooked. Four ounces is a quarter of a pound.
N-COUNT

quartet

[D.J.:kwɔ:ˈtet]

[K.K.:kwɔrˈtɛt]

n.

四重唱(奏)曲

四重唱, 四重唱奏, 四重唱(奏)表演小组

quartet **

1. quartet quartets
A quartet is a group of four people who play musical instruments or sing together.

- ...a string quartet.

- ...a quartet of singers.

N-COUNT-COLL

2. quartet quartets
A quartet is a piece of music for four instruments or four singers.
N-COUNT

3. quartet quartets
A quartet of people or things is a group or set of four people or things. (WRITTEN)

- ...a quartet of books.

- ...a quartet of local women in their mid-forties.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

quartz

[D.J.:kwɔ:ts]

[K.K.:kwɔrts]

n.

〈矿〉石英

quartz

quartz
Quartz is a mineral in the form of a hard, shiny crystal. It is used in making electronic equipment and very accurate watches and clocks.

- ...a quartz crystal.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

quasar

[D.J.:ˈkweɪˌzɑ:, -ˌsɑ:, -zə, -sə]

[K.K.:ˈkweˌzɑr, -ˌsɑr, -zɚ, -sɚ]

n.

<天>类星体

quasar *

quasar quasars
A quasar is an object far away in space that produces bright light and radio waves.
N-COUNT

quash

[D.J.:kwɔʃ]

[K.K.:kwɑʃ]

vt.

拒绝接受, 废除, 撤销

镇压;平息;压服;压倒

quash *

1. quash quashes quashing quashed
If a court or someone in authority quashes a decision or judgement, they officially reject it.

- The Appeal Court has quashed the convictions of all eleven people.

VB
= overturn

2. quash quashes quashing quashed
If someone quashes rumours, they say or do something to demonstrate that the rumours are not true.

- Graham attempted to quash rumours of growing discontent in the dressing room.

VB

3. quash quashes quashing quashed
To quash a rebellion or protest means to stop it, often in a violent way.

- Troops were displaying an obvious reluctance to get involved in quashing demonstrations.

VB
= put down

quash

verb

1.

annul

cancel

invalidate

overrule

overthrow

rescind

reverse

revoke

2.

suppress

beat

crush

overthrow

put down

quell

repress

squash

subdue

quasi-

[D.J.:ˈkweisai]

[K.K.:ˈkweˌzaɪ, -ˌsaɪ, ˈkwɑzi, -si]

pref.

表示“类似,准,半”之义

quasi-

quasi-
Quasi- is used to form adjectives and nouns that describe something as being in many ways like something else, without actually being that thing.

- The flame is a quasi-religious emblem of immortality.

- ...a few key quasi-governmental institutions.

COMB in ADJ

quasi-

adjective

pseudo-

apparent

seeming

semi-

so-called

would-be

quaver

[D.J.:ˈkweɪvə]

[K.K.:ˈkwevɚ]

vi.

发颤音;(声音或音乐)颤抖

用颤抖的声音说

n.

颤音

quavering

adj.

震动的,颤抖的

quaver *

1. quaver quavers quavering quavered
If someone's voice quavers , it sounds unsteady, usually because they are nervous or uncertain.

- Her voice quavered and she fell silent.

VB
= tremble

2. quaver quavers
Also a noun.

- There was a quaver in Beryl's voice.

N-COUNT

3. quaver quavers
A quaver is a musical note that is half as long as a crotchet. (mainly BRIT; in AM use eighth note )
N-COUNT

quaver

verb

1.

tremble

flicker

flutter

quake

quiver

shake

vibrate

waver

noun

2.

trembling

quiver

shake

tremble

tremor

vibration

quay

[ki:]

n.

码头

quay *

quay quays
A quay is a long platform beside the sea or a river where boats can be tied up and loaded or unloaded.

- Jack and Stephen were waiting for them on the quay.

N-COUNT

quayside

[D.J.:ˈki:said]

[K.K.:ˈkiˌsaɪd]

n.

码头周围

quayside

quayside quaysides
A quayside is the same as a quay .

- A large group had gathered on the quayside to see them off.

- ...an old quayside warehouse.

N-COUNT: oft N n

queasily

adv.

令人恶心地

queasiness

n.

恶心

queasy

[D.J.:ˈkwi:zi:]

[K.K.:ˈkwizi]

adj.

(指人)想呕吐的,感到恶心的

易反胃的

(指良心等)感到不自在的,感到不安的

queasily

adv.

queasiness

n.

queasy

1. queasy queasier queasiest
If you feel queasy or if you have a queasy stomach, you feel rather ill, as if you are going to be sick. (INFORMAL)

- He was very prone to seasickness and already felt queasy.

ADJ-GRADED

2. queasiness

- The food did nothing to stifle her queasiness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. queasy queasier queasiest
If you feel queasy about something, you are a little worried about it. (INFORMAL)

- Some people feel queasy about how their names and addresses have been obtained.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= uneasy

4. queasiness

- Despite their queasiness, if war comes, most MPs will back our lads.

N-UNCOUNT
= unease

queasy

adjective

1.

sick

bilious

green around the gills informal

ill

nauseated

off colour

squeamish

upset

2.

uneasy

anxious

fidgety

ill at ease

restless

troubled

uncertain

worried

queen

[D.J.:kwi:n]

[K.K.:kwin]

n.

女王

王后

出众的女性[地方, 事物]

雌蜂, 雌蚁; 蜂王, 蚁王

queen ****

1. queen
A queen is a woman who rules a country as its monarch.

- ...Queen Victoria.

- ...the time she met the Queen.

N-TITLE; N-COUNT: oft the N

2. queen
A queen is a woman who is married to a king.

- The king and queen had fled.

N-TITLE; N-COUNT: oft the N

3. queen queens
If you refer to a woman as the queen of a particular activity, you mean that she is well-known for being very good at it.

- ...the queen of crime writing.

N-COUNT: with supp, N of n, n N
See also beauty queen .

4. queen queens
A queen is a male homosexual who dresses and speaks rather like a woman. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

5. queen queens
In chess, the queen is the most powerful piece. It can be moved in any direction.
N-COUNT

6. queen queens
A queen is a playing card with a picture of a queen on it.

- ...the queen of spades.

N-COUNT: oft the N of n

7. queen queens
A queen or a queen bee is a large female bee which can lay eggs.
N-COUNT

queen

noun

1.

sovereign

consort

monarch

ruler

2.

ideal

mistress

model

star

queenly

[D.J.:ˈkwi:nli]

[K.K.:ˈkwinli]

adj.

女王的;威严的;慷慨的

queenly

queenly
You use queenly to describe a woman's appearance or behaviour if she looks very dignified or behaves as if she is very important.

- She was a queenly, organizing type.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= regal

Queen Mother *

Queen Mother
The Queen Mother is the mother of a ruling king or queen.
N-PROPER: the N

queen-size

[D.J.:ˈkwi:nˌsaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈkwinˌsaɪz]

adj.

大号的

queen-size

queen-size
A queen-size bed is larger than a double bed, but smaller than a king-size bed.
ADJ: ADJ n also queen-sized

queer

[D.J.:kwiə]

[K.K.:kwɪr]

adj.

古怪的

可疑的

(身子)不舒服的

queer *

1. queer queerer queerest
Something that is queer is strange. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- If you ask me, there's something a bit queer going on.

ADJ-GRADED

2. queer queers
People sometimes call homosexual men queers . (INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT

3. queer
Also an adjective.
ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

4. queer
Queer means relating to homosexual people, and is used by some homosexuals.

- ...contemporary queer culture.

- ...queer activism.

ADJ: ADJ n
= gay

queer

adjective

1.

strange

abnormal

curious

droll

extraordinary

funny

odd

peculiar

uncommon

unusual

weird

2.

faint

dizzy

giddy

light-headed

queasy

quell

[D.J.:kwel]

[K.K.:kwɛl]

vt.

(用武力)制止,结束,镇压

quell *

1. quell quells quelling quelled
To quell opposition or violent behaviour means to stop it.

- Troops eventually quelled the unrest.

VB

2. quell quells quelling quelled
If you quell an unpleasant feeling such as fear or anger, you stop yourself or other people from having that feeling.

- The Information Minister is trying to quell fears of a looming oil crisis.

VB

quell

verb

1.

suppress

conquer

crush

defeat

overcome

overpower

put down

quash

subdue

vanquish

2.

assuage

allay

appease

calm

mollify

pacify

quiet

soothe

quench

[D.J.:kwentʃ]

[K.K.:kwɛntʃ]

vt.

(用水)扑灭(火焰等)

解(渴)

终止(某事物)

将(热物体)放入水中急速冷却

quenching

[ˈkwentʃiŋ]

n.

淬火,熄

quench

quench quenches quenching quenched
If someone who is thirsty quenches their thirst, they lose their thirst by having a drink.

- He stopped to quench his thirst at a stream.

VB

quench

verb

1.

satisfy

allay

appease

sate

satiate

slake

2.

put out

crush

douse

extinguish

smother

stifle

suppress

querulous

[D.J.:ˈkwerələs, ˈkwerjə-]

[K.K.:ˈkwɛrələs, ˈkwɛrjə-]

adj.

抱怨的,爱发牢骚的

易怒的

querulously

adv.

querulously

adv.

抱怨地,易怒地

querulous

querulous
Someone who is querulous often complains about things. (FORMAL)

- A querulous male voice said, `Look, are you going to order, or what?'

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

querulous

adjective

complaining

captious

carping

critical

discontented

dissatisfied

fault-finding

grumbling

peevish

whining

query

[D.J.:ˈkwiəri]

[K.K.:ˈkwɪri]

n.

问题, 疑问

vt.

质疑, 对…表示疑问

query **

1. query queries
A query is a question, especially one that you ask an organization, publication, or expert.

- If you have any queries about this insurance, please contact Travel Insurance Services Limited.

N-COUNT: oft N about n
= question

2. query queries querying queried
If you query something, you check it by asking about it because you are not sure if it is correct.

- It's got a number you can ring to query your bill.

- No one queried my decision.

VB
= question

3. query queries querying queried
To query means to ask a question.

- `Is there something else?' Ryle queried as Helen stopped speaking.

- One of the journalists queried whether sabotage could have been involved.

VB

query

noun

1.

question

doubt

inquiry

objection

problem

suspicion

verb

2.

doubt

challenge

disbelieve

dispute

distrust

mistrust

suspect

3.

ask

inquire or enquire

question

quest

[D.J.:kwest]

[K.K.:kwɛst]

n.

探求, 寻找

vt.

寻找; 探索

quest **

quest quests
If you go in quest of something, you try to find or obtain it.

- My quest for a better bank continues.

- ...his quest to find true love...

- Waite spent his life on a spiritual quest.

- He went on to say that he was going to New York in quest of peace.

- The Puritans became fugitives in quest of liberty.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR, PHR n

quest

noun

search

adventure

crusade

enterprise

expedition

hunt

journey

mission

questing

questing
If you are questing for something, you are searching for it. (LITERARY)

- The knights searching for the Holy Grail were questing for vision and wisdom.

- ...his questing mind and boundless enthusiasm.

VB: only cont

question

[D.J.:ˈkwestʃən]

[K.K.:ˈkwɛstʃən]

n.

问题

议题; 难题

疑问, 不能肯定的事

vt.

问(某人)问题

对(某事物)表示[感到]怀疑

questioning

[D.J.:ˈkwestʃɵnɪŋ]

adj.

怀疑的,探询的

questioningly

[D.J.:ˈkwɛstʃənɪŋlɪ]

adv.

怀疑地

question *****

1. question questions
A question is something that you say or write in order to ask a person about something.

- They asked a great many questions about England.

- The President refused to answer further questions on the subject.

- Right, next question.

- `Do you feel that the British gamble more than they should?' --- `Well, that's a very difficult question to answer.'

N-COUNT: oft N about/on n

2. question questions questioning questioned
If you question someone, you ask them a lot of questions about something.

- This led the therapist to question Jim about his parents and their marriage.

- A man is being questioned by police in connection with an attack on a disabled woman.

VB

3. questioning

- The police have detained thirty-two people for questioning.

N-UNCOUNT

4. question questions questioning questioned
If you question something, you have or express doubts about whether it is true, reasonable, or worthwhile.

- It never occurs to them to question the doctor's decisions.

- Weber is challenging his audience to question their own beliefs.

VB

5. question
If you say that there is some question about something, you mean that there is doubt or uncertainty about it. If something is in question or has been called into question , doubt or uncertainty has been expressed about it.

- There's no question about their success.

- There's some question as to whether he will sign this resolution.

- As a footballer, Le Saux's ability was beyond question.

- The paper says the President's move has called into question the whole basis of democracy in the country.

- Why Marlowe was killed may be open to question, but where he is buried is not.

- With the loyalty of key military units in question, that could prove an extraordinarily difficult task.

N-SING: with supp, also prep N

6. question questions
A question is a problem, matter, or point which needs to be considered.

- But the whole question of aid is a tricky political one.

- That decision raised questions about the secretary of state's powers and the fairness of his procedure.

- The question is: Is this what we really want?

- ...if the security question is not resolved...

- It was just a question of having the time to re-adjust.

N-COUNT: oft N of n/wh

7. question questions
The questions in an examination are the problems which are set in order to test your knowledge or ability.

- He'd heard somewhere that the questions in economics examination papers stayed the same from year to year.

- That question did come up in the examination.

N-COUNT

8. question
If you say ` Good question ' in reply to a question, you mean that it is a difficult question to answer, or perhaps that you are embarrassed about the answer or do not know the answer. (SPOKEN)

- `Why didn't you appoint Ron twelve months ago?' --- `Good question.'

CONVENTION

9. question
The person, thing, or time in question is one which you have just been talking about or which is relevant.

- The player in question is Mark Williams.

- Add up all the income you've received over the period in question.

PHR: n PHR
= concerned

10. question
If you say that something is out of the question , you are emphasizing that it is completely impossible or unacceptable.

- For the homeless, private medical care is simply out of the question.

- Is a tax increase still out of the question?

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

11. question
If you pop the question , you ask someone to marry you. (INFORMAL, JOURNALISM)

- Stuart got serious quickly and popped the question six months later.

PHR: V inflects
= propose

12. question
If you say there is no question of something happening, you are emphasizing that it is not going to happen.

- As far as he was concerned there was no question of betraying his own comrades.

- There is no question of the tax-payer picking up the bill for the party.

PHR: V inflects, PHR -ing, PHR n -ing emphasis

13. question
If you do something without question , you do it without arguing or asking why it is necessary.

- ...military formations, carrying out without question the battle orders of superior officers.

PHR: PHR after v

14. question
You use without question to emphasize the opinion you are expressing.

- He was our greatest storyteller, without question.

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

questioning

1. questioning
If someone has a questioning expression on their face, they look as if they want to know the answer to a question. (WRITTEN)

- He raised a questioning eyebrow.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also question .

2. questioningly

- Brenda looked questioningly at Daniel.

ADV: ADV with v

question

noun

1.

issue

motion

point

point at issue

proposal

proposition

subject

theme

topic

2.

difficulty

argument

contention

controversy

dispute

doubt

problem

query

in question

3.

under discussion

at issue

in doubt

open to debate

out of the question

4.

impossible

inconceivable

unthinkable

verb

5.

ask

cross-examine

examine

inquire

interrogate

interview

probe

quiz

6.

dispute

challenge

disbelieve

doubt

mistrust

oppose

query

suspect

questionable

[D.J.:ˈkwestʃənəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈkwɛstʃənəbəl]

adj.

可疑的;有疑问的

questionably

adv.

可疑地;不真实地

questionably

adv.

可疑地,有问题地,不确定地

questionable *

questionable
If you say that something is questionable , you mean that it is not completely honest, reasonable, or acceptable. (FORMAL)

- He has been dogged by allegations of questionable business practices.

- It is questionable whether the expenditure on this project is really justified.

- The film is a comedy in highly questionable taste.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ wh
= dubious

questionable

adjective

dubious

controversial

debatable

dodgy Brit. Austral. & N.Z. informal

doubtful

iffy informal

moot

suspect

suspicious

questioner

[D.J.:ˈk westʃənə]

[K.K.:ˈk w ɛstʃənɚ]

n.

发问者;质问者

questioner *

questioner questioners
A questioner is a person who is asking a question.

- He agreed with the questioner that the debts now to be forgiven are only a drop in the ocean.

N-COUNT

question mark *

1. question mark question marks
A question mark is the punctuation mark ? which is used in writing at the end of a question.
N-COUNT

2. question mark question marks
If there is doubt or uncertainty about something, you can say that there is a question mark over it.

- There are bound to be question marks over his future.

- There's now a huge question mark hanging over the success of the negotiations.

N-COUNT: oft N over n

questionnaire

[D.J.:ˌkwestiəˈnɛə]

[K.K.:ˌkwɛstʃəˈnɛr]

n.

调查表,问卷

questionnaire *

questionnaire questionnaires
A questionnaire is a written list of questions which are answered by a lot of people in order to provide information for a report or a survey.

- Headteachers will be asked to fill in a questionnaire.

N-COUNT

question tag

question tag question tags
In grammar, a question tag is a very short clause at the end of a statement which changes the statement into a question. For example, in `She said half price, didn't she?', the words `didn't she' are a question tag.
N-COUNT

queue

[D.J.:kju:]

[K.K.:kju]

n.

(人或车辆)行列, 长队

queuing

[ˈkju:iŋ]

n.

排队技术

queue **

1. queue queues
A queue is a line of people or vehicles that are waiting for something. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use line )

- I watched as he got a tray and joined the queue.

- She pondered on this as she waited in the bus queue.

- There was still a queue for tickets on the night.

- Behind him was a long queue of angry motorists.

N-COUNT: oft N for n, N of n

2. queue queues
If you say there is a queue of people who want to do or have something, you mean that a lot of people are waiting for an opportunity to do it or have it. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use line )

- Manchester United would be at the front of a queue of potential buyers.

- Single parents got priority in the housing queue.

- The queue for places at the school has never been longer.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

3. queue queues queuing queued
When people queue , they stand in a line waiting for something. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use line up )

- I had to queue for quite a while.

- ...a line of women queueing for bread.

VB queueing can also be used as the continuous form

4. queue up queues up; queuing up; queued up
Queue up means the same as queue .

- A mob of journalists are queuing up at the gate to photograph him.

- We all had to queue up for our ration books.

PHR-V queueing can also be used as the continuous form

queue up **

queue up queues up; queuing up; queued up
If you say that people are queuing up to do or have something, you mean that a lot of them want the opportunity to do it or have it. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use line up )

- People are queueing up to work for me!.

- There are a growing number of countries queueing up for membership.

PHR-V: usu cont queueing can also be used as the continuous form
See also queue 3.

queue

noun

line

chain

file

sequence

series

string

train

queue-jumping

queue-jumping
If you accuse someone of queue-jumping , you mean that they are trying to get to the front of a queue or waiting list unfairly. (BRIT)

- ...queue-jumping within the National Health Service.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

quibble

[D.J.:ˈkwɪbəl]

[K.K.:ˈkwɪbəl]

n.

吹毛求疵的反对意见或批评;遁词,模棱两可的话

vi.

使用遁词,含糊其辞,吹毛求疵

quibbling

n.

诡辩,找碴子

quibble

1. quibble quibbles quibbling quibbled
When people quibble over a small matter, they argue about it even though it is not important.

- Council members spent the day quibbling over the final wording of the resolution.

- Let's not quibble.

V-RECIP

2. quibble quibbles
A quibble is a small and unimportant complaint about something.

- These are minor quibbles.

N-COUNT

quibble

verb

1.

split hairs

carp

cavil

noun

2.

objection

cavil

complaint

criticism

nicety

niggle

quiche

[D.J.:ki:ʃ]

[K.K.:kiʃ]

n.

乳蛋饼

quiche

quiche quiches
A quiche is a pastry case filled with a savoury mixture of eggs, cheese, and often other foods.
N-VAR

quick

[D.J.:kwik]

[K.K.:kwɪk]

adj.

快的, 迅速的

短时间做成的

易受激发的; 敏感的

灵活的, 灵敏的; 伶俐的, 机警的

聪明的, 有能力的

quickly

[D.J.:ˈk wɪklɪ]

[K.K.:ˈk wɪklɪ]

adv.

快,迅速地

立即,马上

quickness

n.

急速,迅速地,尖锐化

quick *****

1. quick quicker quickest
Someone or something that is quick moves or does things with great speed.

- You'll have to be quick. The flight leaves in about three hours.

- I think I'm a reasonably quick learner.

- Europe has moved a long way since then at a very quick pace.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ slow

2. quickly

- Cussane worked quickly and methodically.

- Stop me if I'm speaking too quickly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
≠ slowly

3. quickness

- ...the natural quickness of his mind.

N-UNCOUNT

4. quick
Quicker is sometimes used to mean `at a greater speed', and quickest to mean `at the greatest speed'. (INFORMAL) Quick is sometimes used to mean `with great speed'. Some people consider this to be non-standard.

- Warm the sugar slightly first to make it dissolve quicker.

- Prost went quickest.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

5. quick quicker quickest
Something that is quick takes or lasts only a short time.

- He took one last quick look about the room.

- I just popped in for a quick drink.

- Although this recipe looks long, it is actually very quick to prepare.

- My father would have driven me to Cornwall, but we decided it would be quicker by train.

ADJ-GRADED

6. quickly

- You can become fitter quite quickly and easily.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

7. quick quicker quickest
Quick means happening without delay or with very little delay.

- Officials played down any hope for a quick end to the bloodshed.

- These investors feel the need to make quick profits.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= speedy

8. quickly

- We need to get it back as quickly as possible.

- It quickly became the most popular men's fragrance in the world.

- `Not me,' Robarts said quickly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

9. quick
Quick is sometimes used to mean `with very little delay'. (INFORMAL)

- I got away as quick as I could.

- Quick! John! It's Carmela. I think she's taken an overdose.

- The advantage in going faster is that you get there quicker.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

10. quick quicker quickest
If you are quick to do something, you do not hesitate to do it.

- Mark says the ideas are Katie's own, and is quick to praise her talent.

- Furthermore, as Gervaise was quick to point out, Mr Scully was not a detective.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to-inf

11. quick quicker quickest
If someone has a quick temper, they are easily made angry.
ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

12. quick
If someone bites their nails to the quick , they bite off all the white part at the end of each nail.

- Her fingernails are bitten to the quick.

PHR: V inflects

13. quick
If something cuts you to the quick , it makes you feel very upset. (LITERARY)

- I once heard her weeping in her bedroom, which cut me to the quick.

PHR: V inflects

quick

adjective

1.

fast

brisk

express

fleet

hasty

rapid

speedy

swift

2.

brief

cursory

hasty

hurried

perfunctory

3.

sudden

prompt

4.

intelligent

acute

alert

astute

bright informal

clever

perceptive

quick-witted

sharp

shrewd

smart

5.

deft

adept

adroit

dexterous

skilful

6.

excitable

irascible

irritable

passionate

testy

touchy

quickly

adverb

swiftly

abruptly

apace

briskly

fast

hastily

hurriedly

promptly

pronto informal

rapidly

soon

speedily

quick-

quick-
quick- is added to words, especially present participles, to form adjectives which indicate that a person or thing does something quickly.

- Quick-thinking young Alice shut the cupboard, which prevented the fire from spreading.

- ...quick-drying paint.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

quicken

[D.J.:ˈkwɪkən]

[K.K.:ˈkwɪkən]

vt. & vi.

(使)变快, 增速, 加快

vt.

苏醒;使有生机

quickening

[ˈkwikəniŋ]

n.

复生,活泼,兴奋;胎动初觉

quicken *

quicken quickens quickening quickened
If something quickens or if you quicken it, it becomes faster or moves at a greater speed.

- Ainslie's pulse quickened in alarm.

- He quickened his pace a little.

V-ERG
≠ slow

quicken

verb

1.

speed

accelerate

expedite

hasten

hurry

impel

precipitate

2.

invigorate

arouse

energize

excite

incite

inspire

revive

stimulate

vitalize

quickfire

quickfire
Quickfire speech or action is very fast with no pauses in it.

- ...that talent for quickfire response.

ADJ: ADJ n also quick-fire .

quick fix

quick fix quick fixes
If you refer to a quick fix to a problem, you mean a way of solving a problem that is easy but temporary or inadequate.

- Any tax measures enacted now as a quick fix would only be reversed in a few years when the economy picks up.

N-COUNT: oft with neg disapproval

quickie

[D.J.:ˈkwɪki:]

[K.K.:ˈkwɪki]

n.

<口>迅速做成的事,匆匆做成的事

(酒的)一饮而尽,匆匆喝下的酒

草草完事的性交

adj.

快的,草率的,匆忙做的

quickie

quickie quickies
A quickie is something that only takes a very short time. (INFORMAL)

- ...a quickie divorce...

- I'm off down to the pub for a quickie.

N-COUNT: oft N n

quicksand

[D.J.:ˈkwiksænd]

[K.K.:ˈkwɪkˌsænd]

n.

流沙,敏捷,危险而捉摸不定的事物

quicksand

1. quicksand
Quicksand is deep, wet sand that you sink into if you try to walk on it.
N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. quicksand
You can refer to a situation as quicksand when you want to suggest that it is dangerous or difficult to escape from, or does not provide a strong basis for what you are doing.

- I was about to sink into the quicksand of sin.

- The research seemed founded on quicksand.

N-UNCOUNT, also N in pl

quicksilver

[D.J.:ˈkwɪkˌsɪlvə]

[K.K.:ˈkwɪkˌsɪlvɚ]

adj.

<文>变化〔移动〕极快的;瞬息万变的

quicksilver

1. quicksilver
Quicksilver is the same as mercury . (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-UNCOUNT

2. quicksilver
Quicksilver movements or changes are very fast and unpredictable.

- ...her quicksilver changes of mood.

ADJ: ADJ n

quick-tempered

[D.J.:kwikˈtempəd]

[K.K.:ˈkwɪkˌtɛmpəd]

adj.

性急的,易怒的

quick-tempered

quick-tempered
Someone who is quick-tempered often gets angry without having a good reason.
ADJ-GRADED

quick-tempered

adjective

hot-tempered

choleric

fiery

irascible

irritable

quarrelsome

ratty Brit. & N.Z. informal

testy

tetchy

quick-witted

[D.J.:kwikˈwitid]

[K.K.:ˈkwɪkˌwɪtɪd]

adj.

富有机智的,机敏的

quick-witted

quick-witted
Someone who is quick-witted is intelligent and good at thinking quickly.
ADJ-GRADED

quick-witted

adjective

clever

alert

astute

bright informal

keen

perceptive

sharp

shrewd

smart

quid

[D.J.:kwɪd]

[K.K.:kwɪd]

n.

一英镑

quid pro quo

抵偿物；交换物

quid *

quid
A quid is a pound in money. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- It cost him five hundred quid.

N-COUNT quid is both the singular and the plural form

quid pro quo

quid pro quo quid pro quos
A quid pro quo is a gift or advantage that is given to someone in return for something that they have done. (FORMAL)

- The statement is emphatic in stating that there must be a quid pro quo.

- They share a great deal of information on a quid pro quo basis.

N-COUNT

quids

n.

〈英俚〉钱,现金(quid的复数)

quids

quids
If you are quids in , you have more money left than you expected or get more for your money than you expected. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Still, we were quids in, we didn't care!

PHR: V inflects

quiescence

n.

静止

quiescent

[D.J.:kwi:ˈesənt, kwaɪ-]

[K.K.:kwiˈɛsənt, kwaɪ-]

adj.

不活动的,静态的

休眠的

quiescence

n.

quiescent

1. quiescent
Someone or something that is quiescent is quiet and inactive. (LITERARY)

- ...a society which was politically quiescent and above all deferential.

- ...a quiescent Southern seaside town.

ADJ-GRADED

2. quiescence

- ...a long period of quiescence.

N-UNCOUNT

quiet

[D.J.:ˈkwaiət]

[K.K.:ˈkwaɪɪt]

adj.

轻声的, 安静的

不激动的; 平静的; 宁静的

不起眼的, 不显眼的; 暗中的

vt. & vi.

安静下来; 使…安静, 平静

quieter

[ˈkwaiətə]

n.

防音装置;内燃机的消音装置;消声器

quieting

[ˈkwaiətiŋ]

n.

镇静,脱氧

quietly

[D.J.:ˈk waɪətlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈk waɪətlɪ]

adv.

轻声地;安静地

平静地;文静地;温和地；朴素地

静止地,寂静地

在暗中,秘密地;不张扬地

quietness

[D.J.:ˈk waɪətnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈk waɪətnɪs]

n.

安静,肃静

平静

朴素

quiet ****

1. quiet quieter quietest
Someone or something that is quiet makes only a small amount of noise.

- Tania kept the children reasonably quiet and contented.

- A quiet murmur passed through the classroom.

- The airlines have invested enormous sums in new, quieter aircraft.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ noisy

2. quietly

- `This is goodbye, isn't it?' she said quietly.

- He closed the door quietly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. quietness

- ...the smoothness and quietness of the flight.

N-UNCOUNT

4. quiet quieter quietest
If a place is quiet , there is very little noise there.

- She was received in a small, quiet office.

- The street was unnaturally quiet.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ noisy

5. quietness

- I miss the quietness of the countryside.

N-UNCOUNT

6. quiet quieter quietest
If a place, situation, or time is quiet , there is no excitement, activity, or trouble.

- ...a quiet rural backwater...

- It is very quiet without him.

- While he wanted Los Angeles and partying, she wanted a quiet life.

- The city is now relatively quiet but there's palpable anger as people cope with shortages.

ADJ-GRADED

7. quietly

- His most prized time, though, will be spent quietly on his farm in Karklaaf, Durban.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

8. quietness

- I do very much appreciate the quietness and privacy here.

N-UNCOUNT

9. quiet
Quiet is silence.

- He called for quiet and announced that the next song was in our honor.

- Jeremy wants some peace and quiet before his big match.

N-UNCOUNT

10. quiet quieter quietest
If you are quiet , you are not saying anything.

- I told them to be quiet and go to sleep.

- I just went quiet, embarrassed, and couldn't answer.

- They were both quiet for a while. Then Charlie said: `I must go.'.

- Then a voice called out, `Quiet, everybody, please!'

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= silent

11. quietly

- Amy stood quietly in the doorway watching him.

ADV: ADV with v

12. quiet
If you refer, for example, to someone's quiet confidence or quiet despair, you mean that they do not say much about the way they are feeling.

- He has a quiet confidence in his ability.

- All through his life he has shown a quiet determination to get things done.

ADJ: ADJ n

13. quietly

- Nigel Deering, the publisher, is quietly confident about the magazine's chances.

ADV: ADV adj

14. quiet
You describe activities as quiet when they happen in secret or in such a way that people do not notice them.

- The Swedes had sought his freedom through quiet diplomacy.

- Then it was back to the house for a quiet celebration.

- Can I have a quiet word with you, son?

ADJ: ADJ n
= discreet

15. quietly

- I slipped away quietly.

- The goal of shifting freight from road to rail has been quietly abandoned.

- Lee's body was flown to the US, where he was quietly buried in Seattle.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

16. quiet quieter quietest
A quiet person behaves in a calm way and is not easily made angry or upset.

- He's a nice quiet man.

ADJ-GRADED
= placid

17. quiet quieter quietest
You describe colours or clothes as quiet when they are not bright or not very noticeable.

- They dress in quiet colors so as not to call attention to themselves.

ADJ-GRADED
= muted

18. quiet quiets quieting quieted
If someone or something quiets or if you quiet them, they become less noisy, less active, or silent. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use quieten )

- The wind dropped and the sea quieted.

- Estela started to say something but a gesture from her husband quieted her at once.

V-ERG

19. quiet quiets quieting quieted
To quiet fears or complaints means to persuade people that there is no good reason for them. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use quieten )

- Supporters of the Constitution had to quiet fears that aristocrats plotted to steal the fruits of the Revolution.

VB

20. quiet
If someone does not go quietly , they do not leave a particular job or a place without complaining or resisting.

- She's not going to go quietly.

PHR: V inflects

21. quiet
If you keep quiet about something or keep something quiet , you do not say anything about it.

- I told her to keep quiet about it.

- I think I found it easier than Nell to keep our engagement quiet.

PHR: V inflects

22. quiet
If something is done on the quiet , it is done secretly or in such a way that people do not notice it.

- She'd promised to give him driving lessons, on the quiet, when no one could see.

PHR: PHR after v
= secretly

quiet

adjective

1.

silent

hushed

inaudible

low

noiseless

peaceful

soft

soundless

2.

calm

mild

peaceful

placid

restful

serene

smooth

tranquil

3.

undisturbed

isolated

private

secluded

sequestered

unfrequented

4.

reserved

gentle

meek

mild

retiring

sedate

shy

noun

5.

peace

calmness

ease

quietness

repose

rest

serenity

silence

stillness

tranquillity

quietly

adverb

1.

silently

in an undertone

inaudibly

in silence

mutely

noiselessly

softly

2.

calmly

mildly

patiently

placidly

serenely

quietness

noun

peace

calm

hush

quiet

silence

stillness

tranquillity

quiet down ****

quiet down quiets down; quieting down; quieted down
If someone or something quiets down or if you quiet them down , they become less noisy or less active. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use quieten down )

- Once the vote was taken, things quieted down quickly.

- Try gradually to quiet them down as bedtime approaches.

PHR-V-ERG

quieten

[D.J.:ˈkwaɪɪtn]

[K.K.:ˈkwaɪɪtn..]

vt. & vi.

①(使)安静;(使)平静;(使)平息

<主文>(使)(感情)减轻

quieten

1. quieten quietens quietening quietened
If you quieten someone or something, or if they quieten , you make them become less noisy, less active, or silent. (mainly BRIT)

- She tried to quieten her breathing.

- A man shouted and the dogs suddenly quietened.

V-ERG In AM, usually use quiet

2. quieten quietens quietening quietened
To quieten fears or complaints means to persuade people that there is no good reason for them. (mainly BRIT)

- Russian intelligence will take a long time to quieten the paranoia of the West.

VB

quieten

verb

1.

silence

compose

hush

muffle

mute

quell

quiet

stifle

still

stop

subdue

2.

soothe

allay

appease

blunt

calm

deaden

dull

quieten down

quieten down quietens down; quietening down; quietened down
If someone or something quietens down or if you quieten them down , they become less noisy or less active. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use quiet down )

- The labour unrest which swept the country last week has quietened down.

- Somehow I managed to quieten her down.

- Tom's words before the match might also have quietened down our own supporters.

PHR-V-ERG
= calm down

quietude

[D.J.:ˈkwaiətju:d]

[K.K.:ˈkwaɪɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

平静,寂静

quietude

quietude
Quietude is quietness and calm. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= tranquillity

quiff

[D.J.:kwif]

[K.K.:kwɪf]

n.

一缕头发,(尤指)额发

quiff

quiff quiffs
If a man has a quiff , his hair has been combed upwards and backwards from his forehead. (mainly BRIT)

- I attempted a classic rock and roll quiff.

N-COUNT

quill

[D.J.:kwɪl]

[K.K.:kwɪl]

n.

<鸟>翮;翮羽

羽毛管;(羽毛管制成的)羽毛笔;琴拨;牙签

(刺猬或豪猪的)刺

<纺>纡管,纬管

vt.

给(织物或衣服)作皱褶

<纺>卷(纬线)

使(豪猪等)长满刺;(豪猪等)用刺刺

quill

1. quill quills
A quill is a pen made from a bird's feather.

- She dipped a quill in ink, then began to write.

N-COUNT

2. quill quills
A bird's quills are large, stiff feathers on its wings and tail.
N-COUNT

3. quill quills
The quills of a porcupine are the long sharp points on its body.
N-COUNT

quilt

[D.J.:kwilt]

[K.K.:kwɪlt]

n.

被子

quilt *

1. quilt quilts
A quilt is a thin cover filled with feathers or some other warm, soft material, which you put over your blankets when you are in bed.

- ...an old patchwork quilt.

N-COUNT

2. quilt quilts
A quilt is the same as a duvet . (BRIT)
N-COUNT

quilt

noun

bedspread

continental quilt

counterpane

coverlet

duvet

eiderdown

quilted

[D.J.:ˈkwɪltɪd]

[K.K.:ˈkwɪltɪd]

adj.

中间夹有轻软之物的

quilted

quilted
Something that is quilted consists of two layers of fabric with a layer of thick material between them, often decorated with lines of stitching which form a pattern.

- ...a quilted bedspread.

ADJ

quince

[D.J.:kwins]

[K.K.:kwɪns]

n.

温柏,温柏树

quince

quince quinces
A quince is a hard yellow fruit. Quinces are used for making jelly or jam.
N-VAR

quinine

[D.J.:ˈkwaɪˌnaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈkwaɪˌnaɪn]

n.

奎宁,金鸡纳碱

quinine

quinine
Quinine is a drug that is used to treat fevers such as malaria.
N-UNCOUNT

quintessence

[D.J.:kwɪnˈtesəns]

[K.K.:kwɪnˈtɛsəns]

n.

典范,完美典型

精华,精髓

quintessential

adj.

quintessentially

adv.

quintessential

[D.J.:ˌkwɪntəˈsenʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌkwɪntəˈsɛnʃəl]

adj.

精髓的;典型的

<史>第五元素的

quintessence

1. quintessence
The quintessence of something is the most perfect or typical example of it. (FORMAL)

- He was the quintessence of all that Eva most deeply loathed.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, usu the N of n

2. quintessence
The quintessence of something is the aspect of it which seems to represent its central nature. (FORMAL)

- According to this tradition, religious institutions represented the quintessence of civilized culture.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, usu the N of n

quintessence

noun

essence

distillation

soul

spirit

quintessential *

1. quintessential
Quintessential means representing a perfect or typical example of something. (FORMAL)

- This was quintessential Midwestern farming country.

- Everybody thinks of him as the quintessential New Yorker.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. quintessentially

- It is a familiar, and quintessentially British, ritual.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj

3. quintessential
Quintessential means representing the central nature of something. (FORMAL)

- ...the quintessential charm of his songs.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

quintessential

adjective

ultimate

archetypal

definitive

prototypical

typical

quintet

[D.J.:kwɪnˈtet]

[K.K.:kwɪnˈtɛt]

n.

五重奏(曲)

五重奏小组

五个一组,五件一套

quintet

1. quintet quintets
A quintet is a group of five singers or musicians singing or playing together.
N-COUNT

2. quintet quintets
A quintet is a piece of music written for five instruments or five singers.
N-COUNT

quip

[D.J.:kwɪp]

[K.K.:kwɪp]

n.

(即兴的)俏皮话,妙语

vi.

说俏皮话,说妙语

quip *

1. quip quips
A quip is a remark that is intended be amusing or clever. (WRITTEN)

- The commentators make endless quips about the female players' appearance.

N-COUNT

2. quip quips quipping quipped
To quip means to say something that is intended to be amusing or clever. (WRITTEN)

- `He'll have to go on a diet,' Ballard quipped.

- The chairman of American Airlines quipped that he would rather sell his airline than his computer systems.

VB

quip

noun

joke

gibe

jest

pleasantry

retort

riposte

sally

wisecrack informal

witticism

quirk

[D.J.:kwɜ:k]

[K.K.:kwə..k]

n.

奇事, 巧合

怪癖

quirk *

1. quirk quirks
A quirk is something unusual or interesting that happens by chance.

- By a tantalising quirk of fate, the pair have been drawn to meet in the first round of the championship.

- The spate of storms and hurricanes in recent years could be a statistical quirk.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, N of n, adj N
= fluke

2. quirk quirks
A quirk is a habit or aspect of a person's character which is odd or unusual.

- Brown was always fascinated by the quirks and foibles of people in everyday situations.

N-COUNT

quirk

noun

peculiarity

aberration

characteristic

eccentricity

foible

habit

idiosyncrasy

kink

mannerism

oddity

trait

quirkiness

n.

诡诈,离奇

quirky

[ˈkwə:ki]

adj.

诡诈的,离奇的

quirky *

1. quirky quirkier quirkiest
Something or someone that is quirky is rather odd or unpredictable in their appearance, character, or behaviour.

- We've developed a reputation for being quite quirky and original.

ADJ-GRADED

2. quirkiness

- You will probably notice an element of quirkiness in his behaviour.

N-UNCOUNT

quirky

adjective

odd

eccentric

idiosyncratic

offbeat

peculiar

unusual

quisling

[D.J.:ˈkwɪzlɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈkwɪzlɪŋ]

n.

卖国贼,内奸

quisling

quisling quislings
A quisling is someone who helps an enemy army that has taken control of their country. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

quit

[D.J.:kwit]

[K.K.:kwɪt]

vt. & vi.

从(某处)离开; 离去

vt.

停止

quits

[D.J.:kwɪts]

[K.K.:kwɪts]

adj.

互不欠债的;抵消的

quit **

1. quit quits quitting
If you quit your job, you choose to leave it. (INFORMAL)

- He quit his job as an office boy in Athens.

- He figured he would quit before Johnson fired him.

VB The form quit is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. quit quits quitting
If you quit an activity or quit doing something, you stop doing it. (mainly AM)

- A nicotine spray can help smokers quit the habit without putting on weight.

- I was trying to quit smoking at the time.

VB The form quit is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= give up

3. quit quits quitting
If you quit a place, you leave it completely and do not go back to it.

- Science fiction writers have long dreamt that humans might one day quit the earth to colonise other planets.

- Police were called when he refused to quit the building.

VB The form quit is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

4. quit
If you say that you are going to call it quits , you mean that you have decided to stop doing something or being involved in something.

- They raised $630,000 through listener donations, and then called it quits.

- You can decide whether there is hope in working for mutual happiness, or if you should call it quits.

PHR: V inflects The form quit is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

quit

verb

1.

stop

abandon

cease

discontinue

drop

end

give up

halt

2.

resign

abdicate

go

leave

pull out

retire

step down informal

3.

depart

go

leave

pull out

quite

[D.J.:kwait]

[K.K.:kwaɪt]

adv.

完全地; 整体地; 十分地

有几分; 颇; 相当

〈尤英〉同意, 不错; 对的

quite *****

1. quite
You use quite to indicate that something is the case to a fairly great extent. Quite is less emphatic than `very' and `extremely'.

- I felt quite bitter about it at the time.

- I was doing quite well, but I wasn't earning a lot of money.

- Well, actually it requires quite a bit of work and research.

- I was quite a long way away, on the terrace.

- I quite enjoy living here.

ADV: ADV adj/adv, ADV a n, ADV before v vagueness

2. quite
You use quite to emphasize what you are saying.

- It is quite clear that we were firing in self defence.

- That's a general British failing. In the USA it's quite different.

- I can state quite definitely it will be terrible.

- This was a serious breach of trust quite apart from the gravity of any offence.

- I quite agree with you. That's a good way of looking at it.

ADV: ADV group, ADV before v emphasis

3. quite
You use quite after a negative to make what you are saying weaker or less definite.

- Something here is not quite right.

- After treatment he was able to continue but he was never quite the same.

- We still can't quite believe he's here with us after all this time.

- And at the beginning, I didn't quite understand what all this was about.

- That wasn't quite what I meant.

ADV: with brd-neg, ADV group, ADV before v vagueness
= exactly

4. quite
You use quite in front of a noun group to emphasize that a person or thing is very impressive or unusual.

- `Oh, he's quite a character,' Sean replied.

- It's quite a city, Boston.

PREDET: PREDET a n approval

5. quite
You can say ` quite ' to express your agreement with someone. (SPOKEN)

- `And if you buy the record it's your choice isn't it.' --- `Quite'.

- `I won't say over the air who it is.' --- `No, quite.'

ADV: ADV as reply formulae

quite

adverb

1.

somewhat

fairly

moderately

rather

reasonably

relatively

2.

absolutely

completely

entirely

fully

perfectly

totally

wholly

3.

truly

in fact

in reality

in truth

really

quitter

[D.J.:ˈkwɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈkwɪtɚ]

n.

<贬>有始无终的人;虎头蛇尾的人;半途而废者

quitter

quitter quitters
If you say that someone is not a quitter , you mean that they continue doing something even though it is very difficult.

- He won't resign because he's not a quitter.

N-COUNT: usu with brd-neg

quiver

[D.J.:ˈkwivə]

[K.K.:ˈkwɪvɚ]

vt. & vi.

微颤, 抖动

vt.

使震动

n.

抖动; 颤音

quivering

[ˈkwivəriŋ]

adj.

颤抖的

quiver *

1. quiver quivers quivering quivered
If something quivers , it shakes with very small movements.

- Her bottom lip quivered and big tears rolled down her cheeks.

VB
= tremble

2. quiver quivers quivering quivered
If you say that someone or their voice is quivering with an emotion such as rage or excitement, you mean that they are strongly affected by this emotion and show it in their appearance or voice.

- Cooper arrived, quivering with rage.

- Mack made his voice quiver with fear on these last two words.

VB

3. quiver quivers
Also a noun.

- I recognized it instantly and felt a quiver of panic.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

4. quiver quivers
A quiver is a container for carrying arrows in.
N-COUNT

quiver

verb

1.

shake

oscillate

quake

quaver

shiver

shudder

tremble

vibrate

noun

2.

shake

oscillation

shiver

shudder

tremble

tremor

vibration

quixotic

[D.J.:kwɪkˈsɔtɪk]

[K.K.:kwɪkˈsɑtɪk]

adj.

堂吉诃德式的,愚侠的,不切实际的

quixotically

adv.

quixotically

adv.

唐吉诃德式地

quixotic

quixotic
If you describe someone's ideas or plans as quixotic , you mean that they are imaginative or hopeful but unrealistic. (FORMAL)

- He has always lived his life by a hopelessly quixotic code of honour.

ADJ-GRADED

quixotic

adjective

unrealistic

dreamy

fanciful

idealistic

impractical

romantic

quiz

[D.J.:kwiz]

[K.K.:kwɪz]

n.

问答比赛(游戏)

〈尤美〉小测验

quiz *

1. quiz quizzes
A quiz is a game or competition in which someone tests your knowledge by asking you questions.

- We'll have a quiz at the end of the show.

N-COUNT

2. quiz quizzes quizzing quizzed
If you are quizzed by someone about something, they ask you questions about it.

- He was quizzed about his income, debts and eligibility for state benefits.

- Sybil quizzed her about life as a working girl.

VB

quiz

noun

1.

examination

investigation

questioning

test

verb

2.

question

ask

examine

interrogate

investigate

quizmaster

[D.J.:ˈkwɪzˌmæstə]

[K.K.:ˈkwɪzˌmæstɚ]

n.

主持测验的人

quizmaster

quizmaster quizmasters
A quizmaster is the person who asks the questions in a game or quiz on the television or radio. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

quizzical

[D.J.:ˈkwɪzɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈkwɪzɪkəl]

adj.

疑问的;戏弄的

quizzically

adv.

疑问地;戏弄地

quizzically

[D.J.:ˈk wɪzɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈk wɪzɪkəlɪ]

adv.

取笑地;疑惑地

quizzical

1. quizzical
If you give someone a quizzical look or smile, you look at them in a way that shows that you are surprised or amused by their behaviour.

- He gave Robin a mildly quizzical glance.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. quizzically

- She looked at him quizzically.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

quizzical

adjective

mocking

arch

questioning

sardonic

teasing

quoit

[D.J.:kwɔit,kweit]

[K.K.:kwɔɪt, kɔɪt]

n.

金属环,铁环,绳圈

vt.

掷(圈环)

quoit

1. quoit
Quoits is a game which is played by throwing rings over a small post. Quoits is usually played on board ships.
N-UNCOUNT

2. quoit quoits
A quoit is a ring used in the game of quoits.
N-COUNT

Quonset hut

Quonset hut Quonset huts
A Quonset hut is a military hut made of metal. The walls and roof form the shape of a semi-circle. (AM; in BRIT use Nissen hut )
N-COUNT

quorate

adj.

具有法定人数的

quorate

quorate
When a committee is quorate , there are enough people present for it to conduct official business and make decisions. (BRIT)

- Saturday's session was still technically quorate.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

quorum

[D.J.:ˈkwɔ:rəm, ˈkwəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈkwɔrəm, ˈkwor-]

n.

法定人数

quorum

quorum
A quorum is the minimum number of people that a committee needs in order to carry out its business officially. When a meeting has a quorum, there are at least that number of people present.

- It's not certain enough deputies will show up to make a quorum.

N-SING

quota

[D.J.:ˈkwəutə]

[K.K.:ˈkwotə]

n.

(正式限定的)定量, 定额, 配额

rating,quota

定额

quota **

1. quota quotas
A quota is the limited number or quantity of something which is officially allowed.

- The quota of four tickets per person had been reduced to two.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. quota quotas
A quota is a fixed maximum or minimum proportion of people from a particular group who are allowed to do something, such as come and live in a country or work for the government.

- The bill would force employers to adopt a quota system when recruiting workers.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, N n

3. quota quotas
Someone's quota of something is their expected or deserved share of it.

- They have the usual quota of human weaknesses, no doubt.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= share

quota

noun

share

allowance

assignment

part

portion

ration

slice

whack informal

quotable

[D.J.:ˈkwəutəbl]

[K.K.:ˈkwotəbəl]

adj.

值得引用的

quotable

quotable
Quotable comments are written or spoken comments that people think are interesting and worth quoting.

- `I deal in ends rather than means' was another of his more quotable sayings.

ADJ-GRADED

quotation

[D.J.:kwəuˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:kwoˈteʃən]

n.

引用, 引述

引文, 引语, 语录

时价, 报价, 行情

quotations

填空铅

quotation *

1. quotation quotations
A quotation is a sentence or phrase taken from a book, poem, or play, which is repeated by someone else.

- He illustrated his argument with quotations from Pasternak.

- The second quotation is from an essay that D H Lawrence wrote in the nineteen-twenties.

N-COUNT
= quote

2. quotation quotations
When someone gives you a quotation , they tell you how much they will charge to do a particular piece of work.

- Get several written quotations and check exactly what's included in the cost.

N-COUNT
= quote

quotation

noun

1.

passage

citation

excerpt

extract

quote informal

reference

2.

estimate

charge

cost

figure

price

quote informal

rate

tender

quotation mark

quotation mark quotation marks
Quotation marks are punctuation marks that are used in writing to show where speech or a quotation begins and ends. They are usually written or printed as "..." or, in Britain, ` ...' .
N-COUNT: usu pl
= inverted commas

quote

[D.J.:kwəut]

[K.K.:kwot]

vt. & vi.

引用, 援引

vt.

提到…以支持某论点

报(价); 开(价)

quotes

引号

quoting

引用

quote ****

1. quote quotes quoting quoted
If you quote someone as saying something, you repeat what they have written or said.

- He quoted Mr Polay as saying that peace negotiations were already underway.

- She was quoted in the Express by an unnamed source as saying: `I won't bail out those two silly girls.'.

- She quoted a great line from a book by Romain Gary.

- Yesterday the Belgian newspaper Le Soir quoted a professor who said he witnessed the killings.

- I gave the letter to our local press and they quoted from it.

VB

2. quote quotes
A quote from a book, poem, play, or speech is a passage or phrase from it.

- The paper starts its editorial comment with a quote from an unnamed member of the Cabinet.

N-COUNT: oft N from n
= quotation

3. quote quotes quoting quoted
If you quote something such as a law or a fact, you state it because it supports what you are saying.

- Mr Meacher quoted statistics saying that the standard of living of the poorest people had fallen.

VB

4. quote quotes quoting quoted
If someone quotes a price for doing something, they say how much money they would charge you for a service they are offering or a for a job that you want them to do.

- A travel agent quoted her £160 for a flight from Bristol to Palma.

- He quoted a price for the repairs.

VB

5. quote quotes
A quote for a piece of work is the price that someone says they will charge you to do the work.

- Never agree to even the smallest extra job without getting a quote first.

N-COUNT
= quotation

6. quote quoted
If a company's shares, a substance, or a currency is quoted at a particular price, that is its current market price.

- In early trading in Hong Kong yesterday, gold was quoted at $368.20 an ounce.

- Heron is a private company and is not quoted on the Stock Market.

V-PASSIVE

7. quote quotes
Quotes are the same as quotation marks . (INFORMAL)

- The word `remembered' is in quotes.

N-PLURAL

8. quote
You can say ` quote ' to show that you are about to quote someone's words. (SPOKEN)

- William Schneider predicts the Democrats will have, quote, `an awful lot of explaining to do.'

CONVENTION

quote

verb Commerce

repeat

cite

detail

instance

name

recall

recite

recollect

refer to

quoth

[D.J.:kwəuθ]

[K.K.:kwoθ]

v.

〈古〉说(用在第一与第三人称的过去式)

quoth

quoth
Quoth means `said'. (OLD-FASHIONED or HUMOROUS) Quoth comes before the subject of the verb.

- `I blame the selectors,' quoth he.

VB

quotidian

[D.J.:kwəʊˈtɪdi:ən]

[K.K.:kwoˈtɪdiən]

adj.

每日的,每日发生的

平凡的,普通的

quotidian

quotidian
Quotidian activities or experiences are basic, everyday activities or experiences. (FORMAL)

- ...the minutiae of their quotidian existence.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

quotient

[D.J.:ˈkwəʊʃənt]

[K.K.:ˈkwoʃənt]

n.

商,商数

quotient

quotient quotients
Quotient is used when indicating the presence or degree of a characteristic in someone or something.

- Being rich doesn't actually increase your happiness quotient.

- The island has a high quotient of clergymen.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu n N, N of n
intelligence quotient : see IQ .

Quran

[kuˈrɑ:n,-ˈræn]

n.

(伊斯兰教)可兰经

Quran

Quran
The Quran is the holy book on which the religion of Islam is based.
N-PROPER: the N also Koran , Qur'an .

Quranic

Quranic
Quranic is used to describe something which belongs or relates to the Quran.
ADJ: ADJ n also Koranic , Qur'anic .

r

[ɑ:]

n.

字母r

r.

abbr.

repeat 重复

r.

abbr.

repeat 重复

R, r

1. R, r R's, r's
R is the eighteenth letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR
See also three Rs .

2. R, r
R is a written abbreviation meaning king or queen. R is short for the Latin words `rex' and `regina'.

- ...Elizabeth R.

N-TITLE: n N

3. R, r
R is used as an abbreviation for words beginning with r. For example, it is used on maps as a written abbreviation for `river'.

4. R
In the United States, some cinema films are marked R to show that children under 17 years old are only allowed to see them if an adult is with them.

rabbi

[D.J.:ˈræbaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈræbaɪ]

n.

犹太教祭司;犹太教律法专家;大师

rabbi *

rabbi
A rabbi is a Jewish religious leader, usually one who is in charge of a synagogue, one who is qualified to teach Judaism, or one who is an expert on Jewish law.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

rabbinical

[D.J.:ˈræbinikəl]

[K.K.:rəˈbɪnɪkəl]

adj.

希伯莱语的

rabbinical

rabbinical
Rabbinical or rabbinic refers to the teachings of Jewish religious teachers and leaders.

- The statements of earlier rabbinic scholars imply such a belief.

ADJ

rabbit

[D.J.:ˈræbit]

[K.K.:ˈræbɪt]

n.

兔子

兔子皮毛, 兔子肉

rabbit **

1. rabbit rabbits
A rabbit is a small furry animal with long ears. Rabbits are sometimes kept as pets, or live wild in holes in the ground.
N-COUNT

2. rabbit
Rabbit is the flesh of this animal eaten as food.

- ...rabbit stew.

N-UNCOUNT

rabbit on **

rabbit on rabbits on; rabbiting on; rabbited on
If you describe someone as rabbiting on , you do not like the way they keep talking for a long time about something that is not very interesting. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- What are you rabbiting on about?

PHR-V: usu cont disapproval

rabble

[D.J.:ˈræbəl]

[K.K.:ˈræbəl]

n.

乌合之众,暴民

下等人,群氓

rabble

1. rabble
A rabble is a crowd of noisy people who seem likely to cause trouble.

- He seems to attract a rabble of supporters more loyal to the man than to the cause.

N-SING: usu with supp

2. rabble
People sometimes refer to ordinary people in general as the rabble to suggest that they are superior to them.

- In 40 years, the Guards' Polo Club has changed, but it has managed to keep most of the rabble out.

N-SING: the N disapproval

rabble

noun

mob

canaille

crowd

herd

horde

swarm

throng

rabble-rouser

[D.J.:ˈræbəlˌraʊzə]

[K.K.:ˈræbəlˌraʊzɚ]

n.

(暴动等的)煽动者

rabble-rouser

rabble-rouser rabble-rousers
A rabble-rouser is a clever speaker who can persuade a group of people to behave violently or aggressively, often for the speaker's own political advantage.
N-COUNT disapproval

rabble-rousing

adj.

煽动民心的,蛊惑民心的

rabble-rousing

rabble-rousing
Rabble-rousing is encouragement that a person gives to a group of people to behave violently or aggressively, often for that person's own political advantage.

- Critics have accused him of rabble-rousing and opportunism.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

rabid

[D.J.:ˈræbɪd]

[K.K.:ˈræbɪd]

adj.

患狂犬病的, 疯狂的

狂暴的, 狂热的

rabid

1. rabid
You can use rabid to describe someone who has very strong and unreasonable opinions or beliefs about a subject, especially in politics.

- The party has distanced itself from the more rabid nationalist groups in the country.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

2. rabidly

- Mead calls the group `rabidly right-wing'.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV -ed

3. rabid
A rabid dog or other animal has the disease rabies.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

rabid

adjective

1.

fanatical

extreme

fervent

irrational

narrow-minded

zealous

2.

mad

hydrophobic

rabies

[D.J.:ˈreɪbi:z]

[K.K.:ˈrebiz]

n.

狂犬病;恐水症

rabies *

rabies
Rabies is a serious disease which causes people and animals to go mad and die. Rabies is particularly common in dogs.
N-UNCOUNT

raccoon

[D.J.:ræˈku:n]

[K.K.:ræˈkun]

n.

浣熊

浣熊毛皮

raccoon

raccoon raccoons
A raccoon is a small animal that has dark-coloured fur with white stripes on its face and on its long tail. Raccoons live in forests in North and Central America and the West Indies.
N-COUNT The spelling racoon is also used. Raccoon can also be used as the plural form.

race

[D.J.:reis]

[K.K.:res]

n.

人种, 种族

(速度)比赛, 赛跑; 竞争

vt. & vi.

和…比速度; (使)参加比赛

(使)快速移动

races

[ˈreisiz]

n.

赛马会

racing

[D.J.:ˈreisiŋ]

n.

赛马, 跑马

汽车或自行车等比赛

adj.

专为比赛而设计或饲养的;比赛用的

race *****

1. race races
A race is a competition to see who is the fastest, for example in running, swimming, or driving.

- The women's race was won by the only American in the field, Patti Sue Plumer.

N-COUNT

2. race races racing raced
If you race , you take part in a race.

- In the 10 years I raced in Europe, 30 drivers were killed.

- They may even have raced each other -- but not regularly.

VB

3. race races
The races are a series of horse races that are held in a particular place on a particular day. People go to watch and to bet on which horse will win.

- The high point of this trip was a day at the races.

N-PLURAL: the N

4. race races
A race is a situation in which people or organizations compete with each other for power or control.

- The race for the White House begins in earnest today.

- The race is on to build up membership fast.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp
See also arms race , rat race .

5. race races
A race is one of the major groups which human beings can be divided into according to their physical features, such as the colour of their skin.

- The College welcomes students of all races, faiths, and nationalities.

- Discrimination by employers on the grounds of race and nationality was illegal.

N-VAR
See also human race , race relations .

6. race races racing raced
If you race somewhere, you go there as quickly as possible.

- He raced across town to the State House building.

- The hares raced away out of sight.

VB

7. race races racing raced
If something races towards a particular state or position, it moves very fast towards that state or position.

- Do they realize we are racing towards complete economic collapse?.

- American economic growth raced ahead.

VB

8. race races racing raced
If you race a vehicle or animal, you prepare it for races and make it take part in races.

- He still raced sports cars as often as he could.

VB

9. race races racing raced
If your mind races , or if thoughts race through your mind, you think very fast about something, especially when you are in a difficult or dangerous situation.

- I made sure I sounded calm but my mind was racing.

- Already her mind was racing ahead to the hundred and one things she had to do.

- Bits and pieces of the past raced through her mind.

VB

10. race races racing raced
If your heart races , it beats very quickly because you are excited or afraid.

- Her heart raced uncontrollably.

VB

11. race
You describe a situation as a race against time when you have to work very fast in order to do something before a particular time, or before another thing happens.

- An air force spokesman said the rescue operation was a race against time.

PHR

racing ***

racing
Racing refers to races between animals, especially horses, or between vehicles.

- Mr Honda was himself a keen racing driver in his younger days.

- If he could play golf all day and watch horse racing at the same time life would be paradise for him.

- In that 2.7-litre form it really was a terrific racing car.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N n

race

noun

1.

contest

chase

competition

dash

pursuit

rivalry

verb

2.

run

career

compete

contest

dart

dash

fly

gallop

hurry

speed

tear

zoom

race

noun

people

blood

folk

nation

stock

tribe

type

racecourse

[D.J.:ˈreɪsˌkɔ:s, -ˌkəʊrs]

[K.K.:ˈresˌkɔrs, -ˌkors]

n.

赛马跑道, 赛马场

(赛马、赛车、赛跑的)跑道

racecourse *

racecourse racecourses
A racecourse is a track on which horses race. (BRIT; in AM use racetrack )
N-COUNT also race course .

racegoer

n.

经常去看赛马或赛车的人

racegoer

racegoer racegoers
Racegoers are people who regularly go to watch horse races. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu pl also race-goer .

racehorse

[D.J.:ˈreishɔ:s]

[K.K.:ˈresˌhɔrs]

n.

比赛用的马

racehorse *

racehorse racehorses
A racehorse is a horse that is trained to run in races.
N-COUNT also race horse .

race meeting

race meeting race meetings
A race meeting is an occasion when a series of horse races are held at the same place, often during a period of several days. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

racer

[D.J.:ˈreɪsə]

[K.K.:ˈresɚ]

n.

专供比赛用的动物;比赛用的车辆

racer *

1. racer racers
A racer is a person or animal that takes part in races.

- Tim Powell is a former champion powerboat racer.

N-COUNT

2. racer racers
A racer is a vehicle such as a car or bicycle that is designed to be used in races and therefore travels fast.
N-COUNT

race relations *

race relations
Race relations are the ways in which people of different races living together in the same community behave towards one another.

- In some communities there is a particular need to develop tolerance and improve race relations.

- ...the development of race relations legislation.

N-PLURAL: oft N n

race riot

race riot race riots
Race riots are violent fights between people of different races living in the same community.
N-COUNT: usu pl

racetrack

[D.J.:ˈreɪsˌtræk]

[K.K.:ˈresˌtræk]

n.

跑道;赛马场;赛车场

racetrack

1. racetrack racetracks
A racetrack is a track on which horses race. (AM; in BRIT use racecourse )
N-COUNT also race track .

2. racetrack racetracks
A racetrack is a track for races, for example car or bicycle races.
N-COUNT also race track .

racial

[D.J.:ˈreiʃəl]

[K.K.:ˈreʃəl]

adj.

种族的; 存在或发生于种族之间的

racially

[D.J.:ˈreɪʃəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈreʃəlɪ]

adv.

按人种地;人种上

racial ***

1. racial
Racial describes things relating to people's race.

- ...the protection of national and racial minorities.

- ...the elimination of racial discrimination and the promotion of equal opportunity between people of different racial groups.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. racially

- We are both children of racially mixed marriages.

- There are no indications that the killings were racially motivated.

ADV: ADV -ed/adj, ADV with cl

racial

adjective

ethnic

ethnological

folk

genealogical

genetic

national

tribal

racialism

[D.J.:ˈreiʃəliz(ə)m]

[K.K.:ˈreʃəˌlɪzəm]

n.

种族主义,人种偏见,种族歧视

racialist

[ˈreiʃəlist]

n.

种族主义者

racialism

1. racialism
Racialism means the same as racism . (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use racism )

- The cause of their beliefs, however, was not racialism pure and simple.

N-UNCOUNT
= racism

2. racialist

- I felt that these racialist groups were getting more organised.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

racism

[D.J.:ˈreisizəm]

[K.K.:ˈreˌsɪzəm]

n.

种族主义

种族偏见

racism **

racism
Racism is the belief that people of some races are inferior to others, and the behaviour which is the result of this belief.

- There is a feeling among some black people that the level of racism is declining.

N-UNCOUNT

racist

[D.J.:ˈreisist]

n.

种族歧视者

racist **

1. racist
If you describe people, things, or behaviour as racist , you mean that they are influenced by the belief that some people are inferior because they belong to a particular race.

- You have to acknowledge that we live in a racist society.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. racist racists
A racist is someone who is racist.

- He has a hard core of support among white racists.

N-COUNT

rack

[D.J.:ræk]

[K.K.:ræk]

n.

行李架

刑架, 拷问台

vt.

使痛苦, 使焦虑; 绞尽脑汁

racking

[ˈrækiŋ]

adj.

拷问的,痛苦的

rack **

1. rack racks
A rack is a frame or shelf, usually with bars or hooks, that is used for holding things or for hanging things on.

- A luggage rack, which fits over the spare wheel, is a sensible option.

- You have to fight to reach the racks of clothes but the bargains are amazing.

N-COUNT: oft supp N The spelling wrack is also used, mainly for meanings 2 and 3, and mainly in old-fashioned or American English.
See also roof rack , toast rack .

2. rack racks racking racked
If someone is racked by something such as illness or anxiety, it causes them great suffering or pain.

- His already infirm body was racked by high fever.

- The country is now racked by three violent separatist movements.

- ...a teenager racked with guilt and anxiety.

VB: usu passive The spelling wrack is also used, mainly for meanings 2 and 3, and mainly in old-fashioned or American English.
See also racking .

3. rack
If you rack your brains , you try very hard to think of something.

- She began to rack her brains to remember what had happened at the nursing home.

PHR: V and N inflect The spelling wrack is also used, mainly for meanings 2 and 3, and mainly in old-fashioned or American English.

4. rack
If you say that someone is on the rack , you mean that they are suffering either physically or mentally. (JOURNALISM)

- Only a year ago, he was on the rack with a heroin addiction that began when he was 13.

PHR: usu PHR after v The spelling wrack is also used, mainly for meanings 2 and 3, and mainly in old-fashioned or American English.

5. rack
If you say that a place is going to rack and ruin , you are emphasizing that it is slowly becoming less attractive or less pleasant because no-one is bothering to look after it.
PHR: V inflects The spelling wrack is also used, mainly for meanings 2 and 3, and mainly in old-fashioned or American English. emphasis

6. rack
Off-the-rack clothes or goods are made in large numbers, rather than being made specially for a particular person. (AM; in BRIT use off-the-peg )

- ...the same off-the-rack dress she's been wearing since the night before...

- For our clothes, we went to a shop on Hollywood Boulevard, and we just picked it all off the rack.

PHR: PHR n, PHR after v The spelling wrack is also used, mainly for meanings 2 and 3, and mainly in old-fashioned or American English.

racking

racking
A racking pain or emotion is a distressing one which you feel very strongly.

- She was now shaking with long, racking sobs.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also nerve-racking .

rack

noun

1.

frame

framework

stand

structure

verb

2.

torture

afflict

agonize

crucify

harrow

oppress

pain

torment

rack up **

rack up racks up; racking up; racked up
If a business racks up profits, losses, or sales, it makes a lot of them. If a sportsman, sportswoman, or team racks up wins, they win a lot of matches or races.

- Lower rates mean that firms are more likely to rack up profits in the coming months.

- India while not racking up such an impressive score beat Japan 3-0.

PHR-V: no passive The spelling wrack is also used, mainly for meanings 2 and 3, and mainly in old-fashioned or American English.

racket

[D.J.:ˈrækit]

[K.K.:ˈrækɪt]

n.

(网球等)球拍

吵闹声

敲诈, 勒索, 诈骗, 非法勾当

racket *

1. racket
A racket is a loud unpleasant noise.

- He makes such a racket I'm afraid he disturbs the neighbours.

- My dream was interrupted by the most awful racket coming through the walls.

- The racket of drills and electric saws went on past midnight.

N-SING
= din

2. racket rackets
You can refer to an illegal activity used to make money as a racket . (INFORMAL)

- I'm sure he'll admit he was in the drugs racket in the end.

- Suspicious fans exposed the racket and police arrested a man in Nottingham.

N-COUNT: oft n N

3. racket rackets
A racket is an oval-shaped bat with strings across it. Rackets are used in tennis, squash, and badminton.

- Tennis rackets and balls are provided.

N-COUNT: oft n N The spelling racquet is also used

4. racket
Rackets is a game which is similar to squash but which is played with a hard ball.
N-UNCOUNT The spelling racquet is also used

racket

noun

1.

noise

clamour

din

disturbance

fuss

outcry

pandemonium

row

2.

fraud

scheme

racketeer

[D.J.:ˌrækɪˈtɪə]

[K.K.:ˌrækɪˈtɪr]

n.

干非法勾当者,骗子

racketeering

n.

racketeering

[ˌrækiˈtiəriŋ]

n.

敲诈勒索,诈骗

racketeer

racketeer racketeers
A racketeer is someone who makes money from illegal activities such as threatening people or selling worthless, immoral, or illegal goods or services.
N-COUNT

racketeering *

racketeering
Racketeering is making money from illegal activities such as threatening people or selling worthless, immoral, or illegal goods or services.

- Edwards was indicted on racketeering charges but never convicted.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

raconteur

[D.J.:ˌrækɔnˈtɜ:]

[K.K.:ˌrækɑnˈtə..]

n.

善于讲轶事的人

raconteur

raconteur raconteurs
A raconteur is someone, usually a man, who can tell stories in an interesting or amusing way.

- He spoke eight languages and was a noted raconteur.

N-COUNT

racy

[D.J.:ˈreɪsi:]

[K.K.:ˈresi]

adj.

(风格)活泼的

味美的, 新鲜的

不雅的;猥亵的; 挑逗性的

racy

racy racier raciest
Racy writing or behaviour is lively, amusing, and slightly shocking.
ADJ-GRADED
= risqu´e

racy

adjective

1.

risqu´e

bawdy

blue

naughty

near the knuckle informal

smutty

suggestive

2.

lively

animated

energetic

entertaining

exciting

sparkling

spirited

radar

[D.J.:ˈreidə]

[K.K.:ˈredɑr]

n.

雷达

雷达装置

radar **

radar radars
Radar is a way of discovering the position or speed of objects such as aircraft or ships when they cannot be seen, by using radio signals.

- Pilots complained that the radars in the Mirages malfunctioned during conditions of high humidity.

- The aircraft was on a flight from Milan when it disappeared from radar screens.

N-VAR: oft N n

radial

[D.J.:ˈreɪdi:əl]

[K.K.:ˈrediəl]

adj.

辐射状的;放射式的;径向的;星形的

n.

子午线轮胎;辐射状轮胎

radials

[ˈreidiəlz]

n.

辐板

radial

1. radial
Radial refers to the pattern that you get when straight lines are drawn from the centre of a circle to a number of points round the edge.

- The white marble floors were inlaid in a radial pattern of brass.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. radial radials
A radial or a radial tyre is a tyre which is strengthened inside by cords that point towards the centre of the wheel. Radials are less likely to slide sideways on wet or icy roads than other tyres.
N-COUNT

radiance

[D.J.:ˈreɪdi:əns]

[K.K.:ˈrediəns]

n.

发光;光辉

辐射

欣喜的神色

radiance

1. radiance
Radiance is great happiness which shows in someone's face and makes them look very attractive.

- She has the vigour and radiance of someone young enough to be her grand-daughter.

- There was about her a new radiance.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

2. radiance
Radiance is a glowing light shining from something.

- The dim bulb of the bedside lamp cast a soft radiance over his face.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

radiance

noun

1.

happiness

delight

gaiety

joy

pleasure

rapture

warmth

2.

brightness

brilliance

glare

gleam

glow

light

lustre

shine

radiant

[D.J.:ˈreidiənt]

[K.K.:ˈrediənt]

adj.

放热的; 发光的; 辐射的

喜悦的, 容光焕发的

radiantly

adv.

辉煌地,清朗地

radiant *

1. radiant
Someone who is radiant is so happy that their happiness shows in their face.

- Kathy smiled at her daughter's radiant face.

- On her wedding day the bride looked truly radiant.

ADJ-GRADED

2. radiantly

- He smiled radiantly and embraced her.

- She looks radiantly happy.

ADV-GRADED

3. radiant
Something that is radiant glows brightly.

- The evening sun warms the old red brick wall to a radiant glow.

- Out on the bay the morning is radiant.

ADJ-GRADED

4. radiantly

- The sun was still shining radiantly.

ADV-GRADED

5. radiant
Radiant heat or energy is sent out in the form of rays.

- The earth would be a frozen ball if it were not for the radiant heat of the sun.

ADJ: ADJ n

radiant

adjective

1.

happy

blissful

delighted

ecstatic

glowing

joyful

joyous

on cloud nine informal

rapturous

2.

bright

brilliant

gleaming

glittering

glowing

luminous

lustrous

shining

radiate

[D.J.:ˈreidieit]

[K.K.:ˈrediˌet]

vt.

发射出(光、热等)

vi.

射出, 向四周伸出

radiated

[ˈreidieitid]

adj.

(装饰物等)有辐射棱线的,辐射的

radiating

散热;散热的;辐射状的;放射

radiate *

1. radiate radiates radiating radiated
If things radiate out from a place, they form a pattern that is like lines drawn from the centre of a circle to various points on its edge.

- Many kinds of woodland can be seen on the various walks which radiate from the Heritage Centre.

- From here, contaminated air radiates out to the open countryside.

VB

2. radiate radiates radiating radiated
If you radiate an emotion or quality or if it radiates from you, people can see it very clearly in your face and in your behaviour.

- She radiates happiness and health.

- Her voice hadn't changed but I felt the anger that radiated from her.

VB

3. radiate radiates radiating radiated
If something radiates heat or light, heat or light comes from it.

- The metal plate behind my head radiated heat like a cooker's hotplate.

VB

radiate

verb

1.

spread out

branch out

diverge

issue

2.

emit

diffuse

give off or out

pour

scatter

send out

shed

spread

radiation

[D.J.:ˌreidiˈeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrediˈeʃən]

n.

辐射(能); 放射

放射物

radiation **

1. radiation
Radiation consists of very small particles of a radioactive substance. Large amounts of radiation can cause illness and death.

- They suffer from health problems and fear the long term effects of radiation.

- If the cancer returns, radiation therapy is successful in 90 per cent of cases.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, oft N n

2. radiation
Radiation is energy, especially heat, that comes from a particular source.

- The $617 million satellite will study energy radiation from the most violent stars in the universe.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, usu with supp

radiation sickness

radiation sickness
Radiation sickness is an illness that people get when they are exposed to too much radiation.
N-UNCOUNT

radiator

[D.J.:ˈreɪdi:ˌeɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈrediˌetɚ]

n.

(暖气设备的)散热器

汽车引擎的冷却器, 散热器

radiator *

1. radiator radiators
A radiator is a hollow metal device, usually connected by pipes to a central heating system, that is used to heat a room.
N-COUNT

2. radiator radiators
The radiator in a car is the part of the engine which is filled with water in order to cool the engine.
N-COUNT

radical

[D.J.:ˈrædikəl]

[K.K.:ˈrædɪkəl]

adj.

根本的, 基本的; 彻底的, 完全的

激进的, 激进派的

radically

[D.J.:ˈrædɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈrædɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

根本地;彻底地;完全地

激进地;极端地

radical ****

1. radical
Radical changes and differences are very important and great in degree.

- The country needs a period of calm without more surges of radical change.

- The Football League has announced its proposals for a radical reform of the way football is run in England.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= fundamental

2. radically

- ...two large groups of people with radically different beliefs and cultures.

ADV-GRADED
= fundamentally

3. radical
Radical people believe that there should be great changes in society and try to bring about these changes.

- ...threats by left-wing radical groups to disrupt the proceedings.

- ...political tension between radical and conservative politicians.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ reactionary conservative

4. radical radicals
A radical is someone who has radical views.
N-COUNT

radical

adjective

1.

fundamental

basic

deep-seated

innate

natural

profound

2.

extreme

complete

drastic

entire

extremist

fanatical

severe

sweeping

thorough

noun

3.

extremist

fanatic

militant

revolutionary

radicalism

[D.J.:ˈrædɪkəˌlɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈrædɪkəˌlɪzəm]

n.

激进主义;激进的思想和原则

radicalism *

radicalism
Radicalism is radical beliefs, ideas, or behaviour.

- Jones himself was a curious mixture of radicalism and conservatism.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ conservatism

radicalization

[ˌrædikəlaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

激进化,激进

radicalize

[D.J.:ˈrædikəlɑiz]

[K.K.:ˈrædɪkəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使激进

radicalize

1. radicalize radicalizes radicalizing radicalized
If something radicalizes a process, situation, or person, it makes them more radical.

- He says the opposition will radicalize its demands if these conditions aren't met.

- Many women radicalized by feminism have maintained a quest for new forms of community.

- Whatever the trial's outcome, it was bound to be a radicalizing experience for her.

VB (BRIT) also radicalise

2. radicalization

- ...the radicalization of the conservative right.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

radicchio

[D.J.:rəˈdi:kiəu]

[K.K.:rəˈdikio, rɑ-]

n.

菊苣

radicchio

radicchio
Radicchio is a vegetable with purple and white leaves that is usually eaten raw in salads.
N-UNCOUNT

radii

[D.J.:ˈreidiai]

[K.K.:ˈrediˌaɪ]

n.

半径

radius

[D.J.:ˈreidjəs]

[K.K.:ˈrediəs]

n.

半径(距离)

用半径度量的圆形面积; 半径范围

radii

Radii is the plural of radius .

radius *

1. radius
The radius around a particular point is the distance from it in any direction.

- Nigel has searched for work in a ten-mile radius around his home.

N-SING: with supp

2. radius radii
The radius of a circle is the distance from its centre to its outside edge.

- He indicated a semicircle with a radius of about thirty miles.

N-COUNT

radio

[D.J.:ˈreidiəu]

[K.K.:ˈredio]

n.

收音机, 无线电设备

无线电广播台

无线电, 无线电传送, 无线电广播

vt. & vi.

用无线电发送讯息

radioed

[ˈreidiəud]

adj.

无线电传送的

radio *****

1. radio
Radio is the broadcasting of programmes for the public to listen to, by sending out signals from a transmitter.

- The last 12 months have been difficult ones for local radio.

- The announcement was broadcast on radio and television.

- ...Britain's first national commercial radio station.

- ...BBC Radio 4.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. radio
You can refer to the programmes broadcast by radio stations as the radio .

- A lot of people tend to listen to the radio in the mornings.

- He's been on the radio a lot recently.

- They've been saying on the radio she was missing.

N-SING: the N

3. radio radios
A radio is the piece of equipment that you use in order to listen to radio programmes.

- He sat down in the armchair and turned on the radio.

N-COUNT

4. radio
Radio is a system of sending sound over a distance by transmitting electrical signals.

- They are in twice daily radio contact with the rebel leader.

- ...radio waves.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

5. radio radios
A radio is a piece of equipment that is used for sending and receiving messages.

- Judge Bruce Laughland praised the courage of the young constable, who managed to raise the alarm on his radio.

- The radio message was brief.

N-COUNT

6. radio radios radioing radioed
If you radio someone, you send a message to them by radio.

- The officer radioed for advice.

- A few minutes after take-off, the pilot radioed that a fire had broken out.

VB

radioactive

[D.J.:ˌreidiəuˈæktiv]

[K.K.:ˌredioˈæktɪv]

adj.

放射性的

radioactivity

[D.J.:ˌreɪdi:əʊækˈtɪvɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌredioækˈtɪvɪti]

n.

放射(性)

辐射能

radioactive **

1. radioactive
Something that is radioactive contains a substance that produces energy in the form of powerful and harmful rays.

- The government has been storing radioactive waste at Fernald for 50 years.

ADJ-GRADED

2. radioactivity

- ...the storage and disposal of solid waste which is contaminated with low levels of radioactivity.

N-UNCOUNT

radio astronomy

radio astronomy
Radio astronomy is a branch of science in which radio telescopes are used to receive and analyse radio waves from space.
N-UNCOUNT

radiocarbon

[D.J.:ˈreidiəuˈkɑ:bən]

[K.K.:ˌredioˈkɑrbən]

n.

放射性碳,碳的放射性同位元素

radiocarbon

radiocarbon
Radiocarbon is a type of carbon which is radioactive, and which therefore breaks up slowly at a regular rate. Its presence in an object can be measured in order to find out how old the object is.

- The most frequently used method is radiocarbon dating.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n also radio carbon .

radio cassette

radio cassette radio cassettes
A radio cassette is a radio and a cassette player together in a single machine. (BRIT)

- ...a radio cassette player.

N-COUNT: oft N n

radio-controlled

[ˈreidiəukənˈtrəuld]

adj.

无线电操纵的

radio-controlled

radio-controlled
A radio-controlled device works by receiving radio signals which operate it.

- ...radio-controlled model planes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

radiographer

n.

放射线技师

radiographer

radiographer radiographers
A radiographer is a person who is trained to take X-rays.
N-COUNT

radiography

[D.J.:reidiˈɔɡrəfi]

[K.K.:ˌrediˈɑɡrəfi]

n.

X光线照相术,放射线照相术

radiography

radiography
Radiography is the process of taking X-rays.
N-UNCOUNT

radiological

[D.J.:reɪdɪəʊˈl ɔd ʒɪkəl]

[K.K.:redɪoˈl ɑd ʒɪkəl]

adj.

放射学的,(应用)辐射学的

radiological

1. radiological
Radiological means relating to radiology.

- Patients subjected to extensive radiological examinations can face a risk as high as one in a few hundred.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. radiological
Radiological means relating to radioactive materials.

- This is the limit set by the National Radiological Protection Board in guidelines for storing solid nuclear waste.

ADJ: ADJ n

radiologist

[ˌreidiˈɔlədʒist]

n.

放射线学者

radiology

[D.J.:ˌreɪdi:ˈɔlədʒi:]

[K.K.:ˌrediˈɑlədʒi]

n.

<医>放射学,辐射学

radiologist

n.

radiologist

radiologist radiologists
A radiologist is a doctor who is trained in radiology.
N-COUNT

radiology

radiology
Radiology is the branch of medical science that uses X-rays and radioactive substances to treat diseases.
N-UNCOUNT

radio telephone

radio telephone radio telephones
A radio telephone is a telephone which carries sound by sending radio signals rather than by using wires. Radio telephones are often used in cars.
N-COUNT

radio telescope

radio telescope radio telescopes
A radio telescope is an instrument that receives radio waves from space and finds the position of stars and other objects in space.
N-COUNT

radiotherapist

[ˈreidiəuˈθer(ə)pist]

n.

放射线治疗医师

radiotherapist

radiotherapist radiotherapists
A radiotherapist is a person who treats diseases such as cancer by using radiation.
N-COUNT

radiotherapy

[D.J.:ˌreɪdi:əʊˈθerəpi:]

[K.K.:ˌredioˈθɛrəpi]

n.

放射疗法

radiotherapy

radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is the treatment of diseases such as cancer by using radiation.
N-UNCOUNT

radish

[D.J.:ˈrædɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈrædɪʃ]

n.

(做色拉用的)小萝卜

radish

radish radishes
Radishes are small red or white vegetables that are the roots of a plant. They are eaten raw in salads.
N-VAR

radium

[D.J.:ˈreɪdi:əm]

[K.K.:ˈrediəm]

n.

<化>镭

radium

radium
Radium is a radioactive element which is used in the treatment of cancer.
N-UNCOUNT

radon

[D.J.:ˈreɪdɔn]

[K.K.:ˈredɑn]

n.

<化>氡

radon *

radon
Radon is a radioactive element in the form of a gas.
N-UNCOUNT

RAF

abbr.

Royal Air Force 英国皇家空军

RAF

abbr.

Royal Air Force 英国皇家空军

RAF **

RAF
The RAF is the air force of the United Kingdom. RAF is an abbreviation for `Royal Air Force'.

- An RAF helicopter rescued the men after the boat began taking in water.

N-PROPER: the N

raffia

[D.J.:ˈræfiə]

[K.K.:ˈræfiə]

n.

酒椰,酒椰叶的纤维

raffia

raffia
Raffia is a fibre made from palm leaves. It is used to make mats and baskets.

- Some embroidered tablecloths or made raffia mats.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

raffish

[D.J.:ˈræfɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈræfɪʃ]

adj.

声名狼藉的,放荡的

俗艳的

raffish

raffish
Raffish people and places are not very respectable but are attractive and stylish in spite of this. (WRITTEN)

- He was handsome in a raffish kind of way.

- The theatre's raffish auditorium recalls an earlier era.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

raffle

[D.J.:ˈræfl]

[K.K.:ˈræfəl]

n.

抽彩售物

vt.

以抽彩方式售(物)

raffle *

1. raffle raffles
A raffle is a competition in which you buy tickets with numbers on them. Afterwards some numbers are chosen, and if your ticket has one of these numbers on it, you win a prize.

- Any more raffle tickets? Twenty-five pence each or five for a pound.

N-COUNT
= lottery draw

2. raffle raffles raffling raffled
If someone raffles something, they give it as a prize in a raffle.

- During each show we will be raffling a fabulous prize.

VB

raffle

noun

draw

lottery

sweep

sweepstake

raft

[D.J.:rɑ:ft]

[K.K.:ræft]

n.

木筏

raft *

1. raft rafts
A raft is a floating platform made from large pieces of wood or other materials tied together.

- ...a river trip on bamboo rafts through dense rainforest.

N-COUNT

2. raft rafts
A raft is a small rubber or plastic boat that you blow air into to make it float.

- The crew spent two days and nights in their raft.

N-COUNT
See also life raft .

3. raft rafts
A raft of people or things is a lot of them.

- He has surrounded himself with a raft of advisers who are very radical.

- This is likely to revive consumer spending and a whole raft of consumer industries.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n
= host of

rafter

[D.J.:ˈræftə]

[K.K.:ˈræftɚ]

n.

椽

rafter *

rafter rafters
Rafters are the sloping pieces of wood that support a roof.

- From the rafters of the thatched roofs hung strings of dried onions and garlic.

N-COUNT: usu pl

rafting

[ˈrɑ:ftiŋ]

n.

筏运

rafting

rafting
Rafting is the sport of travelling down a river on a raft.

- Winter Park offers innumerable opportunities for water sports such as boating, fishing, and rafting.

N-UNCOUNT

rag

[ræɡ]

n.

破布, 碎布

破旧衣服

(质量差的)报纸

ragged

[D.J.:ˈræɡid]

[K.K.:ˈræɡɪd]

adj.

衣着破烂的; 褴褛的

参差不齐的, 凹凸不平的

raggedly

adv.

破烂地,粗糙地

ragging

[ˈræɡiŋ]

n.

〈口〉欺负;开玩笑,恶作剧,(学生的)胡闹

rag **

1. rag rags
A rag is a piece of old cloth which you can use to clean or wipe things.

- He was wiping his hands on an oily rag.

- ...a bundle of old rags...

- It looked like a piece of rag.

N-VAR

2. rag rags
Rags are old torn clothes.

- There were men, women and small children, some dressed in rags.

N-PLURAL

3. rag rags
People refer to a newspaper as a rag when they have a poor opinion of it. (INFORMAL)

- `This man Tom works for a local rag,' he said.

N-COUNT disapproval

4. rag rags ragging ragged
To rag someone means to make fun of them in an unkind way. (BRIT)

- She was about thirty, ten years older than the youngsters ragging her.

VB
= tease

5. rag
If you lose your rag , you suddenly become so angry that you are not in control of yourself. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I've only once seen him lose his rag.

PHR: V inflects

6. rag
You use rags to riches to describe the way in which someone quickly becomes very rich after they have been quite poor.

- His was a rags-to-riches story and people admire that.

PHR

7. rag
If you describe something as a red rag to a bull , you mean that it is certain to make a particular person or group very angry. (mainly BRIT)

- This sort of information is like a red rag to a bull for the tobacco companies.

PHR: v-link PHR, like PHR

ragged *

1. ragged
Someone who is ragged looks untidy and is wearing clothes that are old and torn.

- The five survivors eventually reached safety, ragged, half-starved and exhausted.

ADJ-GRADED

2. raggedly

- ...a dismal London district of broken-down buildings and raggedly dressed children.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed

3. ragged
Ragged clothes are old and torn.
ADJ-GRADED

4. ragged
You can say that something is ragged when it is untidy or uneven.

- She could hear his ragged breathing, as if he had been running.

- O'Brien formed the men into a ragged line.

ADJ-GRADED
= uneven

5. raggedly

- Some people tried to sing, but their voices soon died raggedly away.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

6. ragged
If someone runs you ragged , they make you do so much that you become exhausted. (INFORMAL)

- They'd send me here, there and everywhere and I'd run myself ragged and get no place.

- Spain ran England ragged early on but goalkeeper Ian Walker proved a formidable barrier.

PHR: V inflects

ragged

adjective

1.

tattered

in rags

in tatters

shabby

tatty

threadbare

torn

unkempt

2.

rough

jagged

rugged

serrated

uneven

unfinished

rags

plural noun

tatters

castoffs

old clothes

tattered clothing

raga

[D.J.:ˈrɑ:ɡə]

[K.K.:ˈrɑɡə]

n.

拉格(印度教的一种传统曲调)

raga

raga ragas
A raga is a piece of Indian music based on a traditional scale or pattern of notes which is also called a raga .
N-COUNT

ragamuffin

[D.J.:ˈræɡəˌmʌfin]

[K.K.:ˈræɡəˌmʌfɪn]

n.

衣裳褴褛的而又肮脏的人(尤指儿童)

ragamuffin

ragamuffin ragamuffins
A ragamuffin is someone, especially a child, who is dirty and has torn clothes. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...two small figures, black against the white snow, two ragamuffins with a torch.

N-COUNT

ragamuffin

noun

urchin

guttersnipe

rag-and-bone man

rag-and-bone man rag-and-bone men
A rag-and-bone man is a person who goes from street to street in a vehicle or with a horse and cart buying things such as old clothes and furniture. (BRIT; in AM use junkman or junk dealer )
N-COUNT

ragbag

[D.J.:ˈræɡbæɡ]

[K.K.:ˈræɡˌbæɡ]

n.

装破布的袋

ragbag

ragbag
A ragbag of things is a group of things which do not have much in common with each other, but which are being considered together.

- The government was still in effect a ragbag of ex-Communists, Social Democrats and Liberals.

N-SING: usu N of n also rag-bag .

rag doll

rag doll rag dolls
A rag doll is a soft doll made of cloth.
N-COUNT

rage

[reidʒ]

vi.

大发脾气, 动怒

猛烈地继续下去

n.

狂怒, 盛怒

raging

[D.J.:ˈreɪdʒɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈredʒɪŋ]

adj.

极端的;痛苦的

rage ***

1. rage rages
Rage is strong anger that is difficult to control.

- He was red-cheeked with rage.

- I flew into a rage.

- He admitted shooting the man in a fit of rage.

N-VAR
= fury

2. rage rages raging raged
You say that something powerful or unpleasant rages when it continues with great force or violence.

- Train services were halted as the fire raged for more than four hours.

- ...the fierce arguments raging over the future of the Holy City...

- The war rages on and the time has come to take sides.

VB

3. rage rages raging raged
If you rage about something, you speak or think very angrily about it.

- Monroe was on the phone, raging about her mistreatment by the brothers.

- Inside, Frannie was raging.

- `I can't see it's any of your business,' he raged.

VB

4. rage
You can refer to the strong anger that someone feels in a particular situation as a particular rage , especially when this results in violent or aggressive behaviour.

- Cabin crews are reporting up to nine cases of air rage a week.

N-UNCOUNT: n N
See also road rage .

5. rage
When something is popular and fashionable, you can say that it is the rage or all the rage . (INFORMAL)

- Badges are all the rage in France, Mr Toff explains.

N-SING: the N

raging *

1. raging
Raging water moves very forcefully and violently.

- The field trip involved crossing a raging torrent.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. raging
Raging fire is very hot and fierce.

- As he came closer he saw a gigantic wall of raging flame before him.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. raging
Raging is used to describe things, especially bad things, that are very intense.

- If raging inflation returns, then interest rates will shoot up.

- There may be the occasional criticism but it's clear there is no raging debate right now.

- He felt a raging thirst.

ADJ: ADJ n

rage

noun

1.

fury

anger

frenzy

ire

madness

passion

rampage

wrath

all the rage

2.

craze

enthusiasm

fad informal

fashion

latest thing

vogue

verb

3.

be furious

blow one's top

blow up informal

fly off the handle informal

fume

go ballistic slang chiefly U.S.

go up the wall slang

lose the plot informal

seethe

storm

raging

adjective

furious

beside oneself

enraged

fuming

incensed

infuriated

mad

raving

seething

ragga

[D.J.:ˈræɡə]

[K.K.:ˈrɑɡə]

n.

〈主英〉雷格乐(一种快节奏舞曲)

ragga

ragga
Ragga is a style of pop music similar to rap music which began in the West Indies.
N-UNCOUNT

raggedy

[D.J.:ˈræɡidi]

[K.K.:ˈræɡɪdi]

adj.

褴褛的,破烂的

raggedy

raggedy
People and things that are raggedy are dirty and untidy. Raggedy clothes are old and torn. (INFORMAL)

- The people there, quite raggedy, stare at us.

- ...an old man in a raggedy topcoat.

ADJ-GRADED

ragout

[D.J.:ˈræɡu:,ræˈɡu:]

[K.K.:ræˈɡu]

n.

〈法〉(味浓)蔬菜炖肉

vt.

将…煮成菜炖肉

ragout

ragout ragouts
A ragout is a strongly flavoured stew of meat or vegetables or both.
N-VAR

rag rug

rag rug rag rugs
A rag rug is a small carpet made of old pieces of cloth stitched or woven together.
N-COUNT

ragtag

[D.J.:ˈræɡtæɡ]

[K.K.:ˈræɡˌtæɡ]

n.

贱民,下等人

ragtag

ragtag
If you want to say that a group of people or an organization is badly organized and not very respectable, you can describe it as a ragtag group or organization. (INFORMAL)

- We started out with that little rag-tag team of 30 people, and now we're up to 150.

ADJ: ADJ n also rag-tag .

ragtime

[D.J.:ˈrægˌtaɪm]

[K.K.:ˈræɡˌtaɪm]

n.

雷格泰姆音乐

ragtime

ragtime
Ragtime is a kind of jazz piano music that was invented in America in the early 1900s.
N-UNCOUNT

rag trade

rag trade
The rag trade is the business and industry of making and selling clothes, especially women's clothes.

- The rag trade is extremely competitive, and one needs plenty of contacts in order to survive.

N-SING: the N

raid

[D.J.:reid]

[K.K.:red]

n.

突然袭击

劫掠, 劫夺

突然查抄[搜捕]

vt.

突然袭击[抢劫]; 突然搜查

raid ***

1. raid raids raiding raided
When soldiers raid a place, they make a sudden armed attack against it, with the aim of causing damage rather than occupying any of the enemy's land.

- The guerrillas raided banks and destroyed a police barracks and an electricity substation.

VB

2. raid raids
Also a noun.

- The rebels attempted a surprise raid on a military camp.

- Its planes are carrying out heavy bombing raids against the guerrillas.

N-COUNT: oft N on/against n
See also air raid .

3. raid raids raiding raided
If the police raid a building, they enter it suddenly and by force in order to look for dangerous criminals or for evidence of something illegal, such as drugs or weapons.

- Fraud squad officers raided the firm's offices.

VB

4. raid raids
Also a noun.

- They were arrested early this morning after a raid on a house by thirty armed police.

N-COUNT: oft N on n

5. raid raids raiding raided
If someone raids a building or place, they enter it by force in order to steal something. (BRIT)

- A 19-year-old man has been found guilty of raiding a bank.

VB

6. raid raids
Also a noun.

- ...an armed raid on a small Post Office...

- He carried out a series of bank raids.

N-COUNT: oft N on n

7. raid raids raiding raided
If you raid the fridge or the larder, you take food from it to eat instead of a meal or in between meals. (INFORMAL)

- She made her way to the kitchen, hoping to find someone preparing dinner and if not, to raid the fridge.

VB

raid

noun

1.

attack

foray

incursion

inroad

invasion

sally

sortie

verb

2.

attack

assault

foray

invade

pillage

plunder

sack

raider

[D.J.:ˈreidə]

n.

进行袭击、抢劫或搜查的人;进行突袭的舰队、飞机等

raider *

1. raider raiders
Raiders are people who enter a building or place by force in order to steal something. (BRIT)

- The raiders escaped with cash and jewellery.

N-COUNT
= robber thief

2. raider raiders
Raiders are soldiers who make a sudden armed attack on a place, with the aim of causing damage or taking something, rather than occupying any of the enemy's land.

- The raiders continued on their mission -- to seek out and destroy American air and sea forces.

N-COUNT

raider

noun

attacker

invader

marauder

plunderer

robber

thief

rail

[D.J.:reil]

[K.K.:rel]

vt.

将…围起来, 隔开

vi.

责备; 辱骂; 抱怨

railing

[D.J.:ˈreɪlɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrelɪŋ]

n.

栏杆

由横木做成的篱笆

railings

栅栏

rails

[reilz]

n.

〈非正〉铁路公司股票

rail ***

1. rail rails
A rail is a horizontal bar attached to posts or fixed round the edge of something as a fence or support.

- They had to walk across an emergency footbridge, holding onto a rope that served as a rail.

- She gripped the hand rail in the lift.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

2. rail rails
A rail is a horizontal bar that you hang things on.

- ...frocks hanging from a rail...

- This pair of curtains will fit a rail up to 7ft 6in wide.

N-COUNT

3. rail rails
Rails are the steel bars which trains run on.

- The train left the rails but somehow forced its way back onto the line.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= track

4. rail
If you travel or send something by rail , you travel or send it on a train.

- The president traveled by rail to his home town.

- ...the electric rail link between Manchester and Sheffield.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

5. rail rails railing railed
If you rail against something, you criticize it loudly and angrily. (WRITTEN)

- He railed against hypocrisy and greed.

- I'd cursed him and railed at him.

VB

6. rail
If something is back on the rails , it is beginning to be successful again after a period when it almost failed. (JOURNALISM)

- They are keen to get the negotiating process back on the rails.

- Her career is back on the rails.

PHR

7. rail
If someone goes off the rails , they start to behave in a way that other people think is unacceptable or very strange, for example they start taking drugs or breaking the law.

- They've got to do something about these children because clearly they've gone off the rails.

PHR: V inflects

railing *

railing railings
A fence made from metal bars is called a railing or railings .

- He walked out on to the balcony where he rested his arms on the railing.

- ...the iron railings of the convent grounds.

N-COUNT

railing

noun

fence

balustrade

barrier

paling

rails

railcard

railcard railcards
A railcard is an identity card that allows people to buy train tickets cheaply. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

railroad

[D.J.:ˈreilrəud]

[K.K.:ˈrelˌrod]

n.

铁路, 铁道

铁路系统

railroading

[D.J.:ˈreilˌrəudiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrelˌrodɪŋ]

n.

铁路建设,仓促行事

railroad *

1. railroad railroads
A railroad is a route between two places along which trains travel on steel rails. (AM; in BRIT use railway )

- ...railroad tracks that led to nowhere...

- The railroad finally reached Santa Barbara in 1877.

N-COUNT

2. railroad railroads
A railroad is a company or organization that operates railway routes. (AM; in BRIT use railway )

- The Chicago and Northwestern Railroad wouldn't go along with that arrangement and said it would shut down completely.

N-COUNT

3. railroad railroads railroading railroaded
If you railroad someone into doing something, you make them do it although they do not really want to, by hurrying them and putting pressure on them.

- He more or less railroaded the rest of Europe into recognising the new `independent' states.

- He railroaded the reforms through.

VB

railway

[D.J.:ˈreilwei]

[K.K.:ˈrelˌwe]

n.

铁路, 铁道

铁路系统

railway ***

1. railway railways
A railway is a route between two places along which trains travel on steel rails. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use railroad )

- The road ran beside a railway.

- ...a disused railway line.

N-COUNT

2. railway railways
A railway is a company or organization that operates railway routes. (BRIT; in AM use railroad )

- ...the state-owned French railway.

- ...the privatisation of the railways.

N-COUNT

3. railway railways
A railway is the system and network of tracks that trains travel on. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

railwayman

[ˈreilweimæn]

n.

〈主英〉铁路员工

railwayman

railwayman railwaymen
Railwaymen are men who work for the railway. (BRIT; in AM use rail workers or railroad workers )
N-COUNT

raiment

[D.J.:ˈreɪmənt]

[K.K.:ˈremənt]

n.

<古>服装,衣饰

raiment

raiment
Raiment is clothing. (LITERARY)

- I want nothing but raiment and daily bread.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
= clothing

rain

[D.J.:rein]

[K.K.:ren]

n.

雨

vt. & vi.

(雨)降下; (使)降落

raining

淋降现象

rains

[reinz]

n.

(热带国家的)雨季

rain ****

1. rain
Rain is water that falls from the clouds in small drops.

- I hope you didn't get soaked standing out in the rain.

- A spot of rain fell on her hand.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N

2. rain rains
In countries where rain only falls in certain seasons, this rain is referred to as the rains .

- ...the spring, when the rains came...

- The rains have failed again in the Horn of Africa.

N-PLURAL: usu the N

3. rain rains raining rained
When rain falls, you can say that it is raining .

- It rained the whole weekend.

- It was raining hard, and she hadn't an umbrella.

VB

4. rain rains raining rained
If someone rains blows, kicks, or bombs on a person or place, the person or place is attacked by many blows, kicks, or bombs.

- The police, raining blows on rioters and spectators alike, cleared the park.

- Rockets, mortars and artillery rounds rained on buildings.

V-ERG

5. rain down; rains down; raining down; rained down
Rain down means the same as rain .

- Fighter aircraft rained down high explosives.

- Grenades and mortars rained down on Dubrovnik.

PHR-V-ERG

6. rain
A rain of things is a large number of things that fall from the sky at the same time.

- A rain of stones descended on the police.

N-SING: N of n

7. rain
You can use the expression it never rains but it pours to mean that several unfortunate events often happen at the same time.
PHR

8. rain
If you say that someone is as right as rain , you mean that they are completely well or healthy again, for example when they have recovered from an illness or a shock. (INFORMAL)

- You'll be as right as rain as soon as you are back in your own home with your baby.

PHR: v-link PHR

9. rain
If you say that someone does something rain or shine , you mean that they do it regularly, without being affected by the weather or other circumstances.

- Frances took her daughter walking every day, rain or shine.

PHR

rain

noun

1.

rainfall

cloudburst

deluge

downpour

drizzle

fall

raindrops

showers

verb

2.

pour

bucket down informal

come down in buckets informal

drizzle

pelt (down)

teem

3.

fall

deposit

drop

shower

sprinkle

rain off ****

1. rain off rains off; raining off; rained off
If a sports game is rained off , it has to stop, or it is not able to start, because of rain. (BRIT; in AM use be rained out )

- Most of the games have been rained off.

- ...a rained-off cricket match.

PHR-V-PASSIVE

2. rain out rains out; raining out; rained out
If a sports game is rained out , it has to stop, or it is not able to start, because of rain. (AM; in BRIT use be rained off )

- Saturday's game was rained out.

PHR-V-PASSIVE

rainbow

[D.J.:ˈreinbəu]

[K.K.:ˈrenˌbo]

n.

彩虹

rainbow **

1. rainbow rainbows
A rainbow is an arch of different colours that you can sometimes see in the sky when it is raining.

- Oh look, a rainbow!

- ...silk brocade of every colour of the rainbow.

N-COUNT

2. rainbow rainbows
A rainbow of colours is a wide range of bright colours.

- ...a rainbow of coloured cushions.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. rainbow
If you say that something is at the end of the rainbow , you mean that people want it but it is almost impossible to obtain or achieve.

- The promise of a cure -- the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow -- often makes sensible people do irrational things.

PHR

rain check

1. rain check
If you say you will take a rain check on an offer or suggestion, you mean that you do not want to accept it now, but you might accept it at another time.

- I was planning to ask you in for a brandy, but if you want to take a rain check, that's fine.

- Can I take a rain check on that?

PHR: PHR after v

2. rain check rain checks
A rain check is a free ticket that is given to people when an outdoor game or event is stopped because of rain or bad weather, so that they can go to it when it is held again. (AM)
N-COUNT

raincoat

[D.J.:ˈreinkəut]

[K.K.:ˈrenˌkot]

n.

雨衣

raincoat *

raincoat raincoats
A raincoat is a waterproof coat.
N-COUNT

raindrop

[D.J.:ˈreɪnˌdrɔp]

[K.K.:ˈrenˌdrɑp]

n.

雨点;雨滴

raindrop

raindrop raindrops
A raindrop is a single drop of rain.
N-COUNT

rainfall

[D.J.:ˈreɪnˌfɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈrenˌfɔl]

n.

下雨，降雨

雨量

rainfall *

rainfall
Rainfall is the amount of rain that falls in a place during a particular period.

- There have been four years of below average rainfall.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

rainforest

[ˈreinfɔrist]

n.

(热带)雨林

rainforest *

rainforest rainforests
A rainforest is a thick forest of tall trees which is found in tropical areas where there is a lot of rain.

- There is worldwide concern about the destruction of the rainforests.

- ...a vast area of tropical rainforest.

N-VAR (AM) also rain forest

rainstorm

[D.J.:ˈreɪnˌstɔ:m]

[K.K.:ˈrenˌstɔrm]

n.

暴风雨，大暴雨

rainstorm

rainstorm rainstorms
A rainstorm is a fall of very heavy rain.

- His car collided with another car during a heavy rainstorm.

N-COUNT

rain-swept

rain-swept
A rain-swept place is a place where it is raining heavily.

- He looked up and down the rain-swept street.

- ...a cold and rainswept evening.

ADJ: ADJ n also rainswept .

rainwater

[D.J.:ˈreinwɔ:tə]

[K.K.:ˈrenˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ]

n.

雨水,软水

rainwater

rainwater
Rainwater is water that has fallen as rain.
N-UNCOUNT

rainy

[D.J.:ˈreini]

[K.K.:ˈreni]

adj.

下雨的, 多雨的

rainy *

1. rainy rainier rainiest
During a rainy day, season, or period it rains a lot.

- They walked along the promenade on a rainy night.

- The rainy season in the Andes normally starts in December.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. rainy
If you say that you are saving something, especially money, for a rainy day , you mean that you are saving it until a time in the future when you might need it.

- I'll put the rest in the bank for a rainy day.

PHR

rainy

adjective

wet

damp

drizzly

showery

raise

[D.J.:reiz]

[K.K.:rez]

vt.

提起; 举起; 竖起

增加; 提升

抚养; 饲养

n.

(工资、薪金的)提升, 增加

raised

[D.J.:reizd]

[K.K.:rezd]

adj.

凸起的,浮雕的,有凸起花纹的,发酵的

raises

n.

举起,加薪,增加

v.

举起,扬起,建造,饲养

raising

[ˈreiziŋ]

n.

举,提高,高岗,高地,浮雕装饰

raise *****

1. raise raises raising raised
If you raise something, you move it so that it is in a higher position.

- He raised his hand to wave.

- She went to the window and raised the blinds.

- Milton raised the glass to his lips.

- ...a small raised platform.

VB
= lift

2. raise raises raising raised
If you raise a flag, you display it by moving it up a pole or into a high place where it can be seen.

- They had raised the white flag in surrender.

- At midnight, the German flag will be raised over the Reichstag.

VB

3. raise raises raising raised
If you raise yourself, you lift your body so that you are standing up straight, or so that you are no longer lying flat.

- He raised himself into a sitting position.

- She raised herself on one elbow.

VB
= lift

4. raise raises raising raised
If you raise the rate or level of something, you increase it.

- The Republic of Ireland is expected to raise interest rates.

- Two incidents in recent days have raised the level of concern.

- ...a raised body temperature.

VB
= increase

5. raise raises raising raised
To raise the standard of something means to improve it.

- ...a new drive to raise standards of literacy in Britain's schools.

VB
= improve

6. raise raises raising raised
If you raise your voice, you speak more loudly, usually because you are angry.

- Don't you raise your voice to me, Henry Rollins!.

- Anne raised her voice in order to be heard.

VB

7. raise raises
A raise is an increase in your wages or salary. (AM; in BRIT use rise )

- Within two months Kelly got a raise.

N-COUNT

8. raise raises raising raised
If you raise money for a charity or an institution, you ask people for money which you collect on its behalf.

- ...events held to raise money for Help the Aged...

- All funds raised will be used by Children With Leukaemia.

VB

9. raise raises raising raised
If a person or company raises money that they need, they manage to get it, for example by selling their property or by borrowing.

- They raised the money to buy the house and two hundred acres of grounds.

VB

10. raise raises raising raised
If an event raises a particular emotion or question, it makes people feel the emotion or consider the question.

- The agreement has raised hopes that the war may end soon.

- The accident again raises questions about the safety of the plant.

- ...a joke that raised a smile on everyone's lips.

VB
= provoke

11. raise raises raising raised
If you raise a subject, an objection, or a question, you mention it or bring it to someone's attention.

- In the meeting Mrs. Ashrawi raised the three main concerns that the Palestinians had.

- He had been consulted and had raised no objections.

VB

12. raise raises raising raised
Someone who raises a child looks after it until it is grown up.

- My mother was an amazing woman. She raised four of us kids virtually singlehandedly.

- ...the house where she was raised.

VB
= bring up

13. raise raises raising raised
If someone raises a particular type of animal or crop, they breed that type of animal or grow that type of crop.

- He raises 2,000 acres of wheat and hay.

- ...a perfectly cooked farm-raised chicken.

VB

raise

verb

1.

lift

build

elevate

erect

heave

hoist

rear

uplift

2.

increase

advance

amplify

boost

enhance

enlarge

heighten

inflate

intensify

magnify

strengthen

3.

collect

assemble

form

gather

mass

obtain

rally

recruit

4.

cause

create

engender

occasion

originate

produce

provoke

start

5.

bring up

develop

nurture

rear

6.

suggest

advance

broach

introduce

moot

put forward

raisin

[D.J.:ˈreɪzɪn]

[K.K.:ˈrezɪn]

n.

葡萄干

raisin *

raisin raisins
Raisins are dried grapes.

- For breakfast I have porridge made with water, to which I add raisins.

N-COUNT

raison d'etre

raison d'etre
A person's or organization's raison d'etre is the most important reason for them existing in the way that they do.

- The armed forces are caught up in a debate about their raison d'etre.

N-SING: usu with poss also raison d'être .

Raj *

Raj
The British Raj was the period of British rule in India which ended in 1947.

- ...Indian living conditions under the Raj.

N-SING: the N

rake

[D.J.:reik]

[K.K.:rek]

n.

耙子

vt. & vi.

以耙子耙平(泥土等)

用耙子把…耙在一起; 把…耙出来

(翻阅旧记录、文件等以)搜寻事实等

向(船只等)开枪扫射

raking

[ˈreikiŋ]

n.

粗筛

rake *

1. rake rakes
A rake is a garden tool consisting of a row of metal or wooden teeth attached to a long handle. You can use a rake to make the earth smooth and level before you put plants in, or to gather leaves together.
N-COUNT

2. rake rakes raking raked
If you rake a surface, you move a rake across it in order to make it smooth and level.

- Rake the soil, press the seed into it, then cover it lightly.

- The beach is raked and cleaned daily.

VB

3. rake rakes raking raked
If you rake leaves or ashes, you move them somewhere using a rake or a similar tool.

- I watched the men rake leaves into heaps.

- She raked out the ashes from the boiler.

VB

4. rake rakes raking raked
If someone rakes an area with gunfire or with light, they cover it thoroughly by moving the gun or the light across from one side of the area to another.

- Planes dropped bombs and raked the beach with machine gun fire.

- The caravan was raked with bullets.

- The headlights raked across a painted sign.

VB

5. rake rakes raking raked
If branches or someone's finger nails rake your skin, they scrape across it. (LITERARY)

- Ragged fingernails raked her skin.

- He found the man's cheeks and raked them with his nails.

VB
= scrape

6. rake rakes raking raked
If you rake through a pile of objects or rubbish, you search through it thoroughly with your hands.

- Many can survive only by raking through dustbins.

VB
= rummage through

7. rake rakes
If you call a man a rake , you mean that he is rather immoral, for example because he gambles, drinks, or has sexual relationships with many women. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT disapproval

raked

raked
A raked stage or other surface is sloping, for example so that all the audience can see more clearly.

- The action takes place on a steeply raked stage.

ADJ: ADJ n

rake

verb

1.

gather

collect

remove

2.

search

comb

scour

scrutinize

rake

noun

libertine

debauchee

lecher

playboy

rou´e

rake in *

rake in rakes in; raking in; raked in
If you say that someone is raking in money, you mean that they are making a lot of money very easily, more easily than you think they should. (INFORMAL)

- The privatisation allowed companies to rake in huge profits.

PHR-V

rake over *

rake over rakes over; raking over; raked over
If you say that someone is raking over something that has been said, done, or written in the past, you mean that they are examining and discussing it in detail, in a way that you do not think is very pleasant.

- ...raking over lifestyles of victims and perpetrators in a manner that reeks of tabloid journalism.

PHR-V

rake up *

rake up rakes up; raking up; raked up
If someone is raking up something unpleasant or embarrassing that happened in the past, they are talking about it when you would prefer them not to mention it.

- Raking up the past won't help anyone.

PHR-V
= drag up

rake-off

[D.J.:ˈreikɔf]

[K.K.:ˈrekˌɔf, -ˌɑf]

n.

〈俚〉佣金,回扣

rake-off

rake-off rake-offs
If someone who has helped to arrange a business deal takes or gets a rake-off , they illegally or unfairly take a share of the profits. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= cut

rakish

[D.J.:ˈreɪkɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈrekɪʃ]

adj.

纵情酒色的,放荡的

潇洒的,不拘俗套的

rakishly

adv.

rakishness

n.

rakish

1. rakish
A rakish person or appearance is stylish in a confident, bold way.

- ...a soft-brimmed hat which he wore at a rakish angle.

- ...rakish young gentlemen.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. rakishly

- ...a hat cocked rakishly over one eye.

ADV-GRADED

rakish

adjective

dashing

dapper

debonair

devil-may-care

jaunty

natty informal

raffish

smart

rally

[D.J.:ˈræli]

[K.K.:ˈræli]

n.

集会, (群众)大会

公路汽车赛

vt. & vi.

集合起来

恢复; 复原

rally ***

1. rally rallies
A rally is a large public meeting that is held in order to show support for something such as a political party.

- About three thousand people held a rally to mark international human rights day.

- Supporters of the policy are reported to be gathering in Delhi for a mass rally.

N-COUNT

2. rally rallies rallying rallied
When people rally to something or when something rallies them, they unite to support it.

- Her cabinet colleagues have continued to rally to her support.

- He rallied his own supporters for a fight.

V-ERG

3. rally rallies rallying rallied
When someone or something rallies , they begin to recover or improve after having been weak.

- He rallied enough to thank his doctors.

- Markets began to rally worldwide.

VB
= recover

4. rally rallies
Also a noun.

- After a brief rally the shares returned to 126p.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= recovery

5. rally rallies
A rally is a competition in which vehicles are driven over public roads.

- Carlos Sainz of Spain has won the New Zealand Motor Rally.

- ...an accomplished rally driver.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

6. rally rallies
A rally in tennis, badminton, or squash is a continuous series of shots that the players exchange without stopping.

- ...a long rally.

N-COUNT

rally

noun

1.

gathering

assembly

congress

convention

meeting

2.

recovery

improvement

recuperation

revival

verb

3.

reassemble

regroup

reorganize

unite

4.

gather

assemble

collect

convene

marshal

muster

round up

unite

5.

recover

get better

improve

recuperate

revive

rally around ***

rally around rallies around; rallying around; rallied around
When people rally around or rally round , they work as a group in order to support someone or something at a difficult time.

- So many people have rallied round to help the family.

- Connie's friends rallied round her.

PHR-V (BRIT) also rally round

rallying cry

rallying cry rallying cries
A rallying cry or rallying call is something such as a word or phrase, an event, or a belief which encourages people to unite and to act in support of a particular group or idea.

- ...an issue that is fast becoming a rallying cry for many Democrats: national health care.

N-COUNT

rallying point

rallying point rallying points
A rallying point is a place, event, or person that people are attracted to as a symbol of a political group or ideal.

- Students used the death of political activists as a rallying point for anti-government protests.

N-COUNT
= focus

ram

[D.J.:ræm]

[K.K.:ræm]

n.

公羊

<天>(R-)白羊(星)座

攻城槌

<机>夯,打桩机;撞杆,撞锤

vt.

夯实(土等);把(杆,株等)埋实

猛压;硬塞;装(弹药)

猛撞,撞击

反复灌输,迫使接受

vi.

猛撞

迅速移动

ram sth home

迫使…明白；反复灌输

ram into

(使)猛烈撞击

rammed

冲压成的,捣打成的

ramming

[ˈræmiŋ]

n.

打结炉底

ram *

1. ram rams ramming rammed
If a vehicle rams something such as another vehicle, it crashes into it with a lot of force, usually deliberately.

- The thieves fled, ramming the policeman's car.

- They used a lorry to ram the main gate.

VB

2. ram rams ramming rammed
If you ram something somewhere, you push it there with great force.

- He rammed the key into the lock and kicked the front door open.

VB

3. ram rams
A ram is an adult male sheep.
N-COUNT

4. ram
If something rams home a message or a point, it makes it clear in a way that is very forceful and that people are likely to listen to.

- Railway lines are dangerous places and it is up to parents to ram home the dangers to their children.

- The report by Marks & Spencer's chairman will ram this point home.

PHR: V inflects
to ram something down someone's throat : see throat .

ram

verb

1.

hit

butt

crash

dash

drive

force

impact

smash

2.

cram

crowd

force

jam

stuff

thrust

RAM

Random Access Memory 随机存取存贮器

Royal Academy of Music 皇家音乐学院

RAM

abbr.

Royal Academy of Music<英>皇家音乐学院

RAM

abbr.

Royal Academy of Music〈英〉皇家音乐学院

RAM

RAM
RAM is the part of a computer in which information is stored while you are using it. RAM is an abbreviation for `Random Access Memory'. (TECHNICAL)

- ...an IBM PC with hard disk drive and 256k RAM minimum. 512k RAM is recommended and 640k RAM is preferred.

N-UNCOUNT

Ramadan

[D.J.:ˌræməˈdɑ:n, ˈræməˌdɑ:n]

[K.K.:ˌræməˈdɑn, ˈræməˌdɑn]

n.

斋月(该月内伊斯兰教徒每日从黎明到日落禁食)

Ramadan *

Ramadan
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim year, when Muslims do not eat between the rising and setting of the sun. During Ramadan, Muslims celebrate the fact that it was in this month that God first revealed the words of the Quran to Mohammed.
N-UNCOUNT

ramble

[D.J.:ˈræmbəl]

[K.K.:ˈræmbəl]

vi.

(无目的地)漫游, 漫步;(喻)漫谈, 说话东拉西扯

ramble on (about sb/sth)

扯淡；长篇大论

n.

漫步, 漫游

rambling

[D.J.:ˈræmblɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈræmblɪŋ]

adj.

布局凌乱的

ramblingly

adv.

布局凌乱地

ramble *

1. ramble rambles
A ramble is a long walk in the countryside.

- ...an hour's ramble through the woods.

N-COUNT
= walk

2. ramble rambles rambling rambled
If you ramble , you go on a long walk in the countryside.

- ...freedom to ramble across the moors.

VB
= walk

3. ramble rambles rambling rambled
If you say that a person rambles in their speech or writing, you mean they do not make much sense because they keep going off the subject in a confused way.

- Sometimes she spoke sensibly; sometimes she rambled.

- It would have been best written in a more concise way as it does tend to ramble.

VB

rambling *

1. rambling
A rambling building is big and old with an irregular shape.

- ...that rambling house and its bizarre contents.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. rambling
If you describe a speech or piece of writing as rambling , you are criticizing it for being too long and very confused.

- His actions were accompanied by a rambling monologue.

- Cameron wrote a rambling letter to his wife.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

ramble

verb

1.

walk

range

roam

rove

saunter

stray

stroll

wander

2.

babble

rabbit (on) Brit. informal

waffle informal chiefly Brit.

witter on informal

noun

3.

walk

hike

roaming

roving

saunter

stroll

tour

rambling

adjective

long-winded

circuitous

digressive

disconnected

discursive

disjointed

incoherent

wordy

ramble on *

ramble on rambles on; rambling on; rambled on
If you say that someone is rambling on , you mean that they have been talking for a long time in a boring and rather confused way.

- She only half-listened as Ella rambled on.

- He stood in my kitchen drinking beer, rambling on about Lillian.

PHR-V
= rattle on

rambler

[D.J.:ˈræmblə]

[K.K.:ˈræmblɚ]

n.

漫步者; 漫谈者

攀缘蔷薇

rambler *

rambler ramblers
A rambler is a person whose hobby is going on long walks in the countryside, often as part of an organized group. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

rambler

noun

walker

hiker

rover

wanderer

wayfarer

ramblings

ramblings
If you describe a speech or piece of writing as someone's ramblings , you are saying that it is meaningless because the person who said or wrote it was very confused or insane.

- The official dismissed the speech as the ramblings of a desperate lunatic.

N-PLURAL: usu with poss disapproval

rambunctious

[D.J.:ræmˈbʌŋkʃəs]

[K.K.:ræmˈbʌŋkʃəs]

adj.

<美><口>粗暴的;喧闹的

rambunctious

rambunctious
A rambunctious person is energetic in a cheerful, noisy way. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use rumbustious )

- ...a very rambunctious and energetic class.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= boisterous

ramekin

[D.J.:ˈræmikin]

[K.K.:ˈræmɪkɪn]

n.

小干酪蛋糕

ramekin

ramekin ramekins
A ramekin or a ramekin dish is a small dish in which food for one person can be baked in the oven.
N-COUNT

ramification

[D.J.:ˌræməfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌræməfɪˈkeʃən]

n.

结果, 后果

ramification *

ramification ramifications
The ramifications of a decision, plan, or event are all its consequences and effects, especially ones which are not obvious at first.

- The book analyses the social and political ramifications of AIDS for the gay community.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft with poss
= consequence effect

ramification

noun

ramifications

consequences

developments

results

sequel

upshot

ramp

[D.J.:ræmp]

[K.K.:ræmp]

n.

土堤斜坡; 斜道; 斜路

ramp *

1. ramp ramps
A ramp is a sloping surface between two places that are at different levels.

- Lillian was coming down the ramp from the museum.

- ...a ramp to facilitate entry into the pool from a wheelchair.

N-COUNT

2. ramp ramps
An entrance ramp is a road which cars use to drive onto a major road, and an exit ramp is a road which cars use to drive off a major road. (AM; in BRIT use slip road )
N-COUNT

ramp

noun

slope

gradient

incline

rise

rampage

[D.J.:ˈræmˌpeɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈræmˌpedʒ]

vi.

(因兴奋或愤怒而)乱跑, 乱冲

n.

be/go on the rampage

(在街上)橫冲直撞，撒野

rampage *

1. rampage rampages rampaging rampaged
When people or animals rampage through a place, they rush about there in a wild or violent way, causing damage or destruction.

- Hundreds of youths rampaged through the town, shop windows were smashed and cars overturned.

- He used a sword to try to defend his shop from a rampaging mob.

VB

2. rampage
If people go on the rampage , they rush about in a wild or violent way, causing damage or destruction.

- The prisoners went on the rampage destroying everything in their way.

- ...a bull on the rampage.

PHR: v PHR, v-link PHR

rampage

verb

1.

go berserk

rage

run amok

run riot

storm

noun

on the rampage

2.

berserk

amok

out of control

raging

riotous

violent

wild

rampant

[D.J.:ˈræmpənt]

[K.K.:ˈræmpənt]

adj.

(尤指疾病, 社会弊端)猖獗的; 无法控制的

(指动物)只用后腿站起来的

rampant *

rampant
If you describe something bad, such as a crime or disease, as rampant , you mean that it is very common and is increasing in an uncontrolled way.

- Inflation is rampant and industry in decline.

- ...the rampant corruption of the administration.

ADJ-GRADED

rampant

adjective

1.

widespread

prevalent

profuse

rife

spreading like wildfire

unchecked

uncontrolled

unrestrained

2.

upright

erect

rearing

standing

rampart

[D.J.:ˈræmˌpɑ:t, -pət]

[K.K.:ˈræmˌpɑrt, -pət]

n.

(城堡等周围宽阔的)防御土墙

防御;保护

rampart

rampart ramparts
The ramparts of a castle or city are the earth walls, often with stone walls on them, that were built to protect it.

- ...a walk along the ramparts of the Old City.

N-COUNT: usu pl

rampart

noun Heraldry

defence

bastion

bulwark

fence

fortification

wall

ram-raid

1. ram-raid ram-raids
A ram-raid is the crime of using a car to drive into and break a shop window in order to steal things from the shop. (BRIT)

- A shop in Station Road was the target of a ram-raid early yesterday.

N-COUNT

2. ram-raid ram-raids ram-raiding ram-raided
If people ram-raid , they use a car to drive into and break a shop window in order to steal things from the shop. (BRIT)

- The kids who are joyriding and ramraiding are unemployed.

VB

3. ram-raider ram-raiders

- Ram-raiders smashed their way into a high-class store.

N-COUNT

ramrod

[D.J.:ˈræmrɔd]

[K.K.:ˈræmˌrɑd]

n.

推弹杆,严厉的负责人

adj.

严厉的,生硬的

ramrod

1. ramrod ramrods
A ramrod is a long, thin rod which can be used for pushing something into a narrow tube. Ramrods were used, for example, for forcing an explosive substance down the barrel of an old-fashioned gun, or for cleaning the barrel of a gun.
N-COUNT

2. ramrod
If someone sits or stands like a ramrod or straight as a ramrod , they have a very straight back and appear rather stiff and formal.

- ...a woman with iron grey hair, high cheekbones and a figure like a ramrod.

- ...his dashing military moustache and straight-as-a-ramrod back.

PHR

3. ramrod
If someone has a ramrod back or way of standing, they have a very straight back and hold themselves in a rather stiff and formal way.

- I don't have the ramrod posture I had when I was in the Navy.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. ramrod
Also an adverb.

- At 75, she's still ramrod straight.

ADV: ADV adj

ramshackle

[D.J.:ˈræmˌʃækəl]

[K.K.:ˈræmˌʃækəl]

adj.

破旧不堪的，难以修复的

ramshackle *

1. ramshackle
A ramshackle building is badly made or in bad condition, and looks as if it is likely to fall down.

- They entered the shop, which was a curious ramshackle building.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= tumbledown

2. ramshackle
A ramshackle system, union, or collection of things has been put together without much thought and is not likely to work very well.

- They joined with a ramshackle alliance of other rebels.

- ...the present tax system, which the opposition says is ramshackle and complicated.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

ramshackle

adjective

rickety

crumbling

decrepit

derelict

flimsy

shaky

tumbledown

unsafe

unsteady

ran

[D.J.:ræn]

[K.K.:ræn]

(run的过去式)

run

[D.J.:rʌn]

[K.K.:rʌn]

vt. & vi.

跑

移动

(使)流动

n.

跑, 奔跑

旅行, 旅程

行驶路线

时期; 一段时间

running

[D.J.:ˈrʌnɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrʌnɪŋ]

n.

跑步

adj.

流动的

come running

赶紧做某人喜欢的事；欣然顺从某人的要求

in/out of the running (for sth)

有/没有成功的机会；能/不能获得(某物)

make the running

领先；积极带头

a running battle

持续的争论；持久战

take a running jump

滚开；走开

up and running

运行良好地

ran

Ran is the past tense of run .

run *****

1. run runs running ran
When you run , you move more quickly than when you walk, for example because you are in a hurry to get somewhere, or for exercise.

- I excused myself and ran back to the telephone.

- Police believe the gunmen ran off into the woods.

- Neighbouring shopkeepers ran after the man and caught him.

- He ran the last block to the White House with two cases of gear.

- Antonia ran to meet them.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

2. run runs
Also a noun.

- After a six-mile run, Jackie returns home for a substantial breakfast.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. run runs running ran
When someone runs in a race, they run in competition with other people.

- ...when I was running in the New York Marathon...

- Phyllis Smith ran a controlled race to qualify in 51.32 sec.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

4. run runs running ran
When a horse runs in a race or when its owner runs it, it competes in a race.

- He was overruled by the owner, Peter Bolton, who insisted on Cool Ground running in the Gold Cup.

- If we have a wet spell, Cecil could also run Armiger in the Derby.

V-ERG The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

5. run runs running ran
If you say that something long, such as a road, runs in a particular direction, you are describing its course or position. You can also say that something runs the length or width of something else.

- ...the sun-dappled trail which ran through the beech woods.

- ...a gas-filled glass tube with a thin wire running down the centre...

- The hallway ran the length of the villa.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

6. run runs running ran
If you run a wire or tube somewhere, you fix it or pull it from, to, or across a particular place.

- Our host ran a long extension cord out from the house and set up a screen and a projector.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

7. run runs running ran
If you run your hand or an object through something, you move your hand or the object through it.

- He laughed and ran his fingers through his hair.

- I ran the brush through my hair and dashed out.

- Fumbling, he ran her card through the machine.

- It hurt to breathe, and he winced as he ran his hand over his ribs.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

8. run runs running ran
If you run something through a machine, process, or series of tests, you make it go through the machine, process, or tests.

- They have gathered the best statistics they can find and run them through their own computers.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

9. run runs running ran
If someone runs for office in an election, they take part as a candidate.

- It was only last February that he announced he would run for president.

- It is no easy job to run against John Glenn, Ohio's Democratic senator.

- Women are running in nearly all the contested seats in Los Angeles.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= stand

10. run
A run for office is an attempt to be elected to office. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use bid )

- He was already preparing his run for the presidency.

N-SING: N for n The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

11. run runs running ran
If you run something such as a business or an activity, you are in charge of it or you organize it.

- His stepfather ran a prosperous paint business.

- Is this any way to run a country?.

- Each teacher will run a different workshop that covers a specific area of the language.

- ...a well-run, profitable organisation.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

12. run runs running ran
If you talk about how a system, an organization, or someone's life is running , you are saying how well it is operating or progressing.

- Officials in charge of the camps say the system is now running extremely smoothly.

- ...the staff who have kept the bank running.

VB: usu cont The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

13. run runs running ran
If you run an experiment, computer program, or other process, or start it running , you start it and let it continue.

- He ran a lot of tests and it turned out I had an infection called mycoplasma.

- You can check your program one command at a time while it's running.

V-ERG The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

14. run runs running ran
When you run a recording tape or video tape or when it runs , it moves through the machine as the machine operates.

- Leaphorn pushed the play button again, ran the tape, pushed stop, pushed rewind.

- When I checked my answering machine, I found the tape had run to the end but recorded nothing.

V-ERG The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= play

15. run runs running ran
When a machine is running or when you are running it, it is switched on and is working.

- He had failed to realise that the tape recorder was still running.

- We told him to wait out front with the engine running.

- ...with everybody running their appliances all at the same time.

V-ERG: usu cont The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

16. run runs running ran
A machine or equipment that runs on or off a particular source of energy functions using that source of energy.

- Black cabs run on diesel.

- Rows of stalls are given over to restaurants running off gas cylinders.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

17. run runs running ran
If you run a car or a piece of equipment, you have it and use it. (mainly BRIT)

- I ran a 1960 Rover 100 from 1977 until 1983.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

18. run runs running ran
When you say that vehicles such as trains and buses run from one place to another, you mean they regularly travel along that route.

- A shuttle bus runs frequently between the Inn and the Country Club.

- ...a government which can't make the trains run on time.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

19. run runs running ran
If you run someone somewhere in a car, you drive them there. (INFORMAL)

- Could you run me up to Baltimore?

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= drive

20. run runs running ran
If you run over or down to a place that is quite near, you drive there. (INFORMAL)

- I'll run over to Short Mountain and check on Mrs Adams.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= drive

21. run runs
A run is a journey somewhere.

- A run to Southampton showed the car was capable of a reasonable journey.

- ...doing the morning school run.

- ...after their bombing runs against ground troops.

N-COUNT The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

22. run runs running ran
If a liquid runs in a particular direction, it flows in that direction.

- Tears were running down her cheeks.

- There were cisterns to catch rainwater as it ran off the castle walls.

- Wash the rice in cold water until the water runs clear.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= flow

23. run runs running ran
If you run water, or if you run a tap or a bath, you cause water to flow from a tap.

- She went to the sink and ran water into her empty glass.

- They heard him running the kitchen tap.

- I threw off my clothing quickly and ran a warm bath.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

24. run runs running ran
If a tap or a bath is running , water is coming out of a tap.

- You must have left a tap running in the bathroom.

- He came fully awake to hear the bath running.

VB: only cont The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

25. run runs running ran
If your nose is running , liquid is flowing out of it, usually because you have a cold.

- Timothy was crying, mostly from exhaustion, and his nose was running.

VB: usu cont The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= drip

26. run runs running ran
If a surface is running with a liquid, that liquid is flowing down it.

- After an hour he realised he was completely running with sweat.

- The window panes were running with condensation.

VB: usu cont The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

27. run runs running ran
If the dye in some cloth or the ink on some paper runs , it comes off or spreads when the cloth or paper gets wet.

- The ink had run on the wet paper.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

28. run runs running ran
If a feeling runs through your body or a thought runs through your mind, you experience it or think it quickly.

- She felt a surge of excitement run through her.

- All sorts of thoughts were running through my head.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= go

29. run runs running ran
If a feeling or noise runs through a group of people, it spreads among them.

- A buzz of excitement ran through the crowd.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= go

30. run runs running ran
If a theme or feature runs through something such as someone's actions or writing, it is present in all of it.

- Another thread running through this series is the role of doctors in the treatment of the mentally ill.

- ...the theme running through the book...

- There was something of this mood running throughout the Congress's deliberations.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

31. run runs running ran
When newspapers or magazines run a particular item or story or if it runs , it is published or printed.

- The New Orleans Times-Picayune ran a series of four scathing editorials entitled `The Choice of Our Lives.'

- ...an editorial that ran this weekend entitled `Mr. Cuomo Backs Out.'

V-ERG The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= carry print

32. run runs running ran
You can use run to indicate that you are quoting someone else's words or ideas.

- `Whoa, I'm goin' to Barbay-dos!' ran the jaunty lyrics of a 1970s hit song.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= go

33. run runs running ran
If an amount is running at a particular level, it is at that level.

- Today's RPI figure shows inflation running at 10.9 per cent.

- The deficit is now running at about 300 million dollars a year.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= stand

34. run runs running ran
If a play, event, or legal contract runs for a particular period of time, it lasts for that period of time.

- It pleased critics but ran for only three years in the West End.

- The contract was to run from 1992 to 2020.

- I predict it will run and run.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

35. run runs running ran
If someone or something is running late, they have taken more time than had been planned. If they are running to time or ahead of time, they have taken the time planned or less than the time planned.

- Tell her I'll call her back later, I'm running late again.

- The steward will be able to tell you whether the event is running to time or is ahead of schedule.

VB: usu cont The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

36. run runs running ran
If you are running a temperature or a fever, you have a high temperature because you are ill.

- The little girl is running a fever and she needs help.

VB The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

37. run runs
A run of a play or television programme is the period of time during which performances are given or programmes are shown.

- The show will transfer to the West End on October 9, after a month's run in Birmingham.

- Meanwhile, Dusty Springfield's new TV series began a run on BBC 1.

N-COUNT: with supp The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

38. run
A run of successes or failures is a series of successes or failures.

- The England skipper is haunted by a run of low scores.

- The Scottish Tories' run of luck is holding.

N-SING: usu N of n The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

39. run runs
A run of a product is the amount that a company or factory decides to produce at one time.

- Wayne plans to increase the print run to 1,000.

- Their defense markets are too small to sustain economically viable production runs.

N-COUNT: usu supp N The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

40. run runs
In cricket or baseball, a run is a score of one, which is made by players running between marked places on the field after hitting the ball.

- At 20 he became the youngest player to score 2,000 runs in a season.

N-COUNT The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

41. run
If someone gives you the run of a place, they give you permission to go where you like in it and use it as you wish.

- He had the run of the house and the pool.

N-SING: the N of n The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

42. run
If you say that someone or something is different from the average run or common run of people or things, you mean that they are different from ordinary people or things.

- ...a man who was outside the common run of professional athletes at the time.

- ...trying to accomplish the usual run of maintenance jobs and write a column too.

N-SING: with supp The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

43. run
If there is a run on something, a lot of people want to buy it or get it at the same time.

- A run on sterling has killed off hopes of a rate cut.

- Loss of confidence could trigger a run on Citibank that would threaten the entire financial system.

N-SING: N on n The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

44. run runs
A ski run or bobsleigh run is a course or route that has been designed for skiing or for riding in a bobsleigh.
N-COUNT: usu n N The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= course

45. run
If something happens against the run of play or against the run of events , it is different from what is generally happening in a game or situation. (BRIT)

- The decisive goal arrived against the run of play.

- Against the run of the polls, the Socialist Workers' Party won Sunday's general election by an unexpectedly large margin.

PHR The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

46. run
If you run someone close , run them a close second , or run a close second , you almost beat them in a race or competition.

- The Under-21 team has defeated Wales and Scotland this season, and ran England very close.

- The party won at least one county, and ran a close second in several others.

PHR: V inflects The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

47. run
If a river or well runs dry , it no longer has any water in it. If an oil well runs dry , it no longer produces any oil.

- Streams had run dry for the first time in memory.

PHR: V inflects The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= dry up

48. run
If a source of information or money runs dry , no more information or money can be obtained from it.

- Three days into production, the kitty had run dry.

PHR: V inflects The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= dry up

49. run
If a characteristic runs in someone's family , it often occurs in members of that family, in different generations.

- The insanity which ran in his family haunted him.

PHR: V inflects The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

50. run
If you make a run for it or if you run for it , you run away in order to escape from someone or something.

- A helicopter hovered overhead as one of the gang made a run for it.

- Cody, get out, run for it.

PHR: V inflects The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

51. run
If people's feelings are running high , they are very angry, concerned, or excited.

- Feelings there have been running high in the wake of last week's killing.

PHR: V inflects The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

52. run
If you talk about what will happen in the long run , you are saying what you think will happen over a long period of time in the future. If you talk about what will happen in the short run , you are saying what you think will happen in the near future.

- Sometimes expensive drugs or other treatments can be economical in the long run.

- In fact, things could get worse in the short run.

PHR: PHR with cl, PHR with v The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

53. run
If you say that someone would run a mile if faced with something, you mean that they are very frightened of it and would try to avoid it.

- Yasmin admits she would run a mile if Mark asked her out.

PHR: V inflects The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

54. run
If you say that someone could give someone else a run for their money , you mean you think they are almost as good as the other person.

- ...a youngster who even now could give Meryl Streep a run for her money.

PHR: V inflects The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

55. run
If someone is on the run , they are trying to escape or hide from someone such as the police or an enemy.

- Fifteen-year-old Danny is on the run from a local authority home.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

56. run
If someone is on the run , they are being severely defeated in a contest or competition.

- His opponents believe he is definitely on the run.

- I knew I had him on the run.

PHR: usu v-link PHR The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

57. run
If you say that a person or group is running scared , you mean that they are frightened of what someone might do to them or what might happen.

- The administration is running scared.

PHR: V inflects The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

58. run
If you are running short of something or running low on something, you do not have much of it left. If a supply of something is running short or running low , there is not much of it left.

- Government forces are running short of ammunition and fuel.

- We are running low on drinking water.

- Time is running short.

PHR: V inflects The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

running ****

1. running
Running is the activity of moving fast on foot, especially as a sport.

- We chose to do cross-country running.

- ...running shoes.

N-UNCOUNT

2. running
The running of something such as a business is the managing or organizing of it.

- ...the committee in charge of the day-to-day running of the party.

N-SING: the N of n

3. running
You use running to describe things that continue or keep occurring over a period of time.

- He also began a running feud with Dean Acheson.

- The song turned into a running joke between him and the press.

ADJ: ADJ n
= ongoing

4. running
A running total is a total which changes because numbers keep being added to it as something progresses.

- He kept a running tally of who had called him, who had visited, who had sent flowers.

- So far, his running total in transfers fees is £12million.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. running
You can use running when indicating that something keeps happening. For example, if something has happened every day for three days, you can say that it has happened for the third day running or for three days running .

- He said drought had led to severe crop failure for the second year running.

- She changes her look so often that she never seems the same woman two days running.

ADV: n ADV
= in a row on the trot

6. running
Running water is water that is flowing rather than standing still.

- The forest was filled with the sound of running water.

- Wash the lentils under cold running water.

ADJ: ADJ n

7. running
If a house has running water, water is supplied to the house through pipes and taps.

- ...a house without electricity or running water in a tiny African village.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. running
If someone is in the running for something, they have a good chance of winning or obtaining it. If they are out of the running , they have no chance of winning or obtaining it.

- Her role in Death and the Maiden, which put her in the running for the Laurence Olivier Award,.

- Until this week he appeared to have ruled himself out of the running because of his age.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

9. running
If someone is making the running in a situation, they are more active than the other people involved. (mainly BRIT)

- Republicans are furious that the Democrats currently seem to be making all the running.

PHR: V inflects

10. running
If something such as a system or place is up and running , it is operating normally.

- We're trying to get the medical facilities up and running again.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

run

verb

1.

race

bolt

dash

gallop

hare Brit. informal

hurry

jog

leg it informal

lope

rush

scurry

sprint

2.

flee

beat a retreat

beat it slang

bolt

do a runner slang

escape

leg it informal

make a run for it

take flight

take off informal

take to one's heels

3.

move

course

glide

go

pass

roll

skim

4.

work

function

go

operate

perform

5.

manage

administer

be in charge of

control

direct

handle

head

lead

operate

6.

continue

extend

go

proceed

reach

stretch

7.

flow

discharge

go

gush

leak

pour

spill

spout

stream

8.

melt

dissolve

go soft

liquefy

9.

publish

display

feature

print

10.

compete

be a candidate

contend

put oneself up for

stand

take part

11.

smuggle

bootleg

traffic in

noun

12.

race

dash

gallop

jog

rush

sprint

spurt

13.

ride

drive

excursion

jaunt

outing

spin informal

trip

14.

sequence

course

period

season

series

spell

stretch

string

15.

enclosure

coop

pen

in the long run

16.

eventually

in the end

ultimately

running

adjective

1.

continuous

constant

incessant

perpetual

unbroken

uninterrupted

2.

flowing

moving

streaming

noun

3.

management

administration

control

direction

leadership

organization

supervision

4.

working

functioning

maintenance

operation

performance

ranch

[D.J.:rɑ:ntʃ]

[K.K.:ræntʃ]

n.

〈美〉大农场, (兼种果树, 养鸡等的)大牧场

ranch *

ranch ranches
A ranch is a large farm used for raising animals, especially cattle, horses, or sheep.

- He lives on a cattle ranch in Australia.

N-COUNT
See also dude ranch .

rancher

[D.J.:ˈræntʃə]

[K.K.:ˈræntʃɚ]

n.

大农场主

rancher *

rancher ranchers
A rancher is someone who owns or manages a large farm, especially one used for raising cattle, horses, or sheep.

- ...a cattle rancher.

N-COUNT

ranching

[D.J.:ˈræntʃɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈræntʃɪŋ]

n.

经营大牧场

ranching

ranching
Ranching is the activity of running a large farm, especially one used for raising cattle, horses, or sheep.
N-UNCOUNT

rancid

[D.J.:ˈrænsɪd]

[K.K.:ˈrænsɪd]

adj.

(指含有油脂食物)因变质而有陈腐味道或气味的;(指气味或味道)如陈腐脂肪味的

rancid

rancid
If butter, bacon, or other oily foods are rancid , they have gone bad and taste old and unpleasant.

- Butter is perishable and can go rancid.

- ...the odour of rancid milk.

ADJ-GRADED

rancid

adjective

rotten

bad

fetid

foul

off

putrid

rank

sour

stale

strong-smelling

tainted

rancorous

[D.J.:ˈræ ŋkərəs]

[K.K.:ˈræ ŋkərəs]

adj.

怨恨的;满怀恶意的

rancorous

rancorous
A rancorous argument or person is full of bitterness and anger. (FORMAL)

- The deal ended after a series of rancorous disputes.

ADJ-GRADED
= bitter acrimonious

rancour

[D.J.:ˈræŋkə]

[K.K.:ˈræŋkɚ]

n.

深仇;积怨;怨恨

rancour

rancour
Rancour is a feeling of bitterness and anger. (FORMAL)

- `That's too bad,' Teddy said without rancour.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) rancor
= bitterness

rancour

noun

hatred

animosity

bad blood

bitterness

hate

ill feeling

ill will

rand

[rænd]

n.

鞋后根与鞋底中间的垫皮,边缘

rand

1. rand rands
The rand is the unit of currency used in South Africa.

- ...12 million rand.

N-COUNT: usu num N rand can also be used as the plural form

2. rand
The rand is also used to refer to the South African currency system.

- The rand slumped by 22% against the dollar.

N-SING: the N rand can also be used as the plural form

R&B

abbr.

Rhythm and Blues 蓝调音乐

R&B

abbr.

Rhythm and Blues 蓝调音乐

R&B *

R&B
R&B is a style of popular music developed in the 1940's from blues music, but using electrically amplified instruments. R&B is an abbreviation for `rhythm and blues'.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

R&D

abbr.

Research and Development 研究与开发

R&D

abbr.

Research and Development 研究与开发

R&D *

R&D
R&D refers to the research and development work or department within a large company or organization. R&D is an abbreviation for `Research and Development'.

- Businesses need to train their workers better, and spend more on R&D.

- ...investment in R&D.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in/on N also R and D .

random

[D.J.:ˈrændəm]

[K.K.:ˈrændəm]

adj.

任意的; 无计划的

(统计)随机的

randomly

adv.

随便地,未加计划地

randomness

n.

随意,无安排

random **

1. random
A random sample or method is one in which all the people or things involved have an equal chance of being chosen.

- The survey used a random sample of two thousand people across England and Wales.

- The competitors will be subject to random drug testing.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. randomly

- ...interviews with a randomly selected sample of thirty girls aged between 13 and 18.

ADV: ADV with v

3. random
If you describe events as random , you mean that they do not seem to follow a definite plan or pattern.

- ...random violence against innocent victims...

- Children's words and actions are often fairly random.

- ...random variations of the wind.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. randomly

- ...drinks and magazines left scattered randomly around.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

5. randomness

- Isn't this a demand to control the randomness of life?

N-UNCOUNT

6. random
If you choose people or things at random , you do not use any particular method, so they all have an equal chance of being chosen.

- We received several answers, and we picked one at random.

PHR: PHR after v

7. random
If something happens at random , it happens without a definite plan or pattern.

- Three black people were killed by shots fired at random from a minibus.

PHR: PHR after v

random

adjective

1.

chance

accidental

adventitious

casual

fortuitous

haphazard

hit or miss

incidental

noun

at random

2.

haphazardly

arbitrarily

by chance

randomly

unsystematically

willy-nilly

randomize

[D.J.:ˈrændəmaiz]

[K.K.:ˈrændəˌmaɪz]

v.

使随机化,完全打乱,(使)作任意排列

randomized

随机法

randomizing

[ˈrəndəmaiziŋ]

n.

随机化，随机分组技术

randomize

randomize randomizes randomizing randomized
If you randomize the events or people in scientific experiments or academic research, you use a method that gives them all an equal chance of happening or being chosen. (TECHNICAL)

- The wheel is designed with obstacles in the ball's path to randomise its movement.

- Properly randomized studies are only now being completed.

VB (BRIT) also randomise
≠ bias skew

randy

[D.J.:ˈrændi:]

[K.K.:ˈrændi]

adj.

性欲冲动的;好色的

randy *

randy randier randiest
Someone who is randy is sexually excited and eager to have sex. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- It was extremely hot and I was feeling rather randy.

ADJ-GRADED
= horny

randy

adjective Informal

aroused

amorous

horny slang

hot

lascivious

lustful

turned-on slang

rang

[D.J.:ræŋ]

[K.K.:ræŋ]

(ring的过去式)

ring

[D.J.:riŋ]

[K.K.:rɪŋ]

n.

戒指, 指环

环状物, 圆圈

团伙, 帮派

铃声

打电话

特性

vt.

把…圈起来; 环绕; 包围

打电话给

vt. & vi.

(使)鸣, 响

按铃; 敲钟

ringed

[D.J.:riŋd]

[K.K.:rɪŋd]

adj.

镶环(轮,圈)的,轮状的,被包围的

ringing

[ˈriŋiŋ]

adj.

响亮的, 清脆的; 银铃般的

干脆的; 斩钉截铁的

n.

响声, 鸣响

rings

吊环

rung

[D.J.:rʌŋ]

[K.K.:rʌŋ]

n.

阶梯

职位的高层

rang

rang
Rang is the past tense of ring .

ring 1 telephoning or making a sound ****

1. ring rings ringing rang rung
When you ring someone, you telephone them. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use call )

- He rang me at my mother's.

- If you'd like more information, ring the Hotline on 414 3929.

- I would ring when I got back to the hotel.

- She has rung home just once.

- Could someone ring for a taxi?

VB
= phone

2. ring up rings up; ringing up; rang up; rung up
Ring up means the same as ring .

- You can ring us up anytime.

- John rang up and invited himself over for dinner.

- A few months ago I rang up about some housing problems.

- Nobody rings up a doctor in the middle of the night for no reason.

PHR-V

3. ring rings ringing rang rung
When a telephone rings , it makes a sound to let you know that someone is phoning you.

- As soon as he got home, the phone rang.

- The phone never stopped ringing.

VB

4. ring rings
Also a noun.

- After at least eight rings, an ancient-sounding maid answered the phone.

N-COUNT

5. ringing

- She was jolted out of her sleep by the ringing of the telephone.

N-UNCOUNT

6. ring rings ringing rang rung
When you ring a bell or when a bell rings , it makes a sound.

- He heard the school bell ring.

- The door was opened before she could ring the bell.

V-ERG

7. ring rings
Also a noun.

- There was a ring at the bell.

N-COUNT

8. ringing

- ...the ringing of church bells.

N-UNCOUNT

9. ring rings ringing rang rung
If you ring for something, you ring a bell to call someone to bring it to you. If you ring for someone, you ring a bell so that they will come to you.

- Shall I ring for a fresh pot of tea?.

- He rang for the guard to let him out.

VB

10. ring rings ringing rang rung
If you say that a place is ringing with sound, usually pleasant sound, you mean that the place is completely filled with that sound. (LITERARY)

- The whole place was ringing with music.

VB

11. ring
You can use the word ring to describe a quality that something such as a statement, discussion, or argument seems to have. For example, if an argument has a familiar ring , it seems familiar.

- His proud boast of leading `the party of low taxation' has a hollow ring.

N-SING: usu a adj N
= feel

12. ring
If you say that someone rings the changes , you mean that they make changes or improvements to the way something is organized or done.

- Ring the changes by adding spices, dried fruit or olives.

PHR: V inflects

13. ring
If you say that someone's words ring in your ears or ring in your head , you mean that you remember them very clearly, usually when you would prefer to forget them. (LITERARY)

- She shivered as the sound of that man's abuse rang in her ears.

PHR: V and N inflect

14. ring
If you give someone a ring , you phone them. (INFORMAL) (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use call )

- We'll give him a ring as soon as we get back.

PHR: V inflects

15. ring
If a statement rings true , it seems to be true or genuine. If it rings hollow , it does not seem to be true or genuine.

- Joanna's denial rang true.

- The rumpus has made all the optimistic statements about unity and harmony ring a little hollow.

PHR: V inflects

ring 2 shapes and groups ***

1. ring rings
A ring is a small circle of metal or other substance that you wear on your finger as jewellery.

- She wore several diamond rings.

- ...a gold wedding ring.

N-COUNT

2. ring rings
An object or substance that is in the shape of a circle can be described as a ring .

- Frank took a large ring of keys from his pocket.

- ...a ring of blue smoke.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. ring rings
A group of people or things arranged in a circle can be described as a ring .

- They then formed a ring around the square.

- ...grilled fish surrounded by a ring of thinly cut carrots.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= circle

4. ring rings
A gas or electric ring is one of the small flat areas on top of a stove which heat up and which you use for cooking. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use burner )
N-COUNT: usu supp N

5. ring rings
At a boxing or wrestling match or a circus, the ring is the place where the contest or performance takes place. It consists of an enclosed space with seats round it.

- He will never again be allowed inside a British boxing ring.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

6. ring rings
You can refer to an organized group of people who are involved in an illegal activity as a ring .

- Police are investigating the suspected drug ring at the school.

- ...an international spy ring.

N-COUNT: usu n N

7. ring rings ringing ringed
If a building or place is ringed with or by something, it is surrounded by it.

- The areas are sealed off and ringed by troops.

VB: usu passive
= surrounded

8. ring rings ringing ringed
If you ring a bird, you put a small metal ring around its leg so that you can identify it and study its movements and habits. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use tag )

- He demonstrated his techniques for ringing birds.

VB

9. ring
If you say that someone runs rings round you or runs rings around you, you mean that they are a lot better or a lot more successful than you at a particular activity. (INFORMAL)

- Mentally, he can still run rings round men half his age!

PHR: V inflects

ring up ****

1. ring up rings up; ringing up; rang up; rung up
If a shop assistant rings up a sale on a cash register, he or she presses the keys in order to record the amount that is being spent.

- She was ringing up her sale on an ancient cash register.

PHR-V

2. ring up rings up; ringing up; rang up; rung up
If a company rings up an amount of money, usually a large amount of money, it makes that amount of money in sales or profits.

- The advertising agency rang up 1.4 billion dollars in yearly sales.

PHR-V

ringing *

1. ringing
A ringing sound is loud and can be heard very clearly.

- He hit the metal steps with a ringing crash.

ADJ: ADJ n
= resounding

2. ringing
A ringing statement or declaration is one that is made forcefully and is intended to make a powerful impression.

- So far we have had ringing declarations, but only limited action.

- ...the party's 14th Congress, which gave a ringing endorsement to capitalist-style economic reforms.

ADJ: ADJ n

rung *

1. rung
Rung is the past participle of ring .

2. rung rungs
The rungs on a ladder are the wooden or metal bars that form the steps.

- I swung myself onto the ladder and felt for the next rung.

N-COUNT

3. rung rungs
If you reach a particular rung in your career, in an organization, or in a process, you reach that level in it.

- I first worked with him in 1971 when we were both on the lowest rung of our careers.

- There has never been a better time to get on the first rung of the property ladder.

N-COUNT: with supp

ring

verb

1.

chime

clang

peal

reverberate

sound

toll

2.

phone

buzz informal

call

telephone

noun

3.

chime

knell

peal

4.

call

buzz informal

phone call

ring

noun

1.

circle

band

circuit

halo

hoop

loop

round

2.

arena

circus

enclosure

rink

3.

gang

association

band

cartel

circle

group

mob

syndicate

verb

4.

encircle

enclose

gird

girdle

surround

range

[D.J.:reindʒ]

[K.K.:rendʒ]

n.

一系列

变化幅度, 范围

射程, 距离

(山)脉

vi.

变化

vt.

排列

ranging

[ˈreindʒiŋ]

n.

距离修正,广泛搜索

range ****

1. range ranges
A range of things is a number of different things of the same general kind.

- A wide range of colours and patterns are available.

- The two men discussed a range of issues.

- The range includes chests of drawers, tables and wardrobes.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

2. range ranges
A range is the complete group that is included between two points on a scale of measurement or quality.

- The average age range is between 35 and 55.

- ...properties available in the price range they are looking for.

- ...top-of-the-range products for which people are prepared to pay a little bit more.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft n N

3. range ranges
The range of something is the maximum area in which it can reach things or detect things.

- The 120mm mortar has a range of 18,000 yards.

- The trees on the mountains within my range of vision had all been felled.

- Tactical nuclear weapons have shorter ranges.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. range ranges ranging ranged
If things range between two points or range from one point to another, they vary within these points on a scale of measurement or quality.

- They range in price from $3 to $15.

- ...offering merchandise ranging from the everyday to the esoteric.

- ...temperatures ranging between 5°C and 20°C.

VB

5. range ranges ranging ranged
If a piece of writing or speech ranges over a group of topics, it includes all those topics.

- The conversation ranged over the desirability of such restaurants, the shortcomings of men, and why it had only taken 15 minutes to cross a continent.

VB

6. range ranges ranging ranged
If people or things are ranged somewhere, they are arranged in a row or in lines. (FORMAL)

- Some 300 trees have been ranged along the perimeter hedge.

- More than 1,500 police and troops are ranged against them.

VB: usu passive

7. range ranges ranging ranged
If animals or people range somewhere, they move around in a place without having a particular destination in mind.

- Feeding is not a problem because the birds range over such a large area.

- They range widely in search of carrion.

VB
= roam

8. range ranges
A range of mountains or hills is a line of them.

- ...the massive mountain ranges to the north.

- ...an impressive range of hills topped with trees.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

9. range ranges
A range is a large area of open land, especially land in the United States where cattle are kept. (AM)
N-COUNT: usu the N

10. range ranges
A rifle range or a shooting range is a place where people can practise shooting at targets.

- It reminds me of my days on the rifle range preparing for duty in Vietnam.

- ...an Army firing range.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

11. range ranges
A range or kitchen range is an old-fashioned metal cooker. (BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu with supp

12. range ranges
A range or kitchen range is a large metal device for cooking food using gas or electricity. A range consists of a grill, an oven, and some gas or electric rings. (AM; in BRIT usually use cooker )
N-COUNT

13. range
If something is in range or within range , it is near enough to be reached or detected. If it is out of range , it is too far away to be reached or detected.

- Cars are driven through the mess, splashing everyone in range.

- ...within range of their aircraft.

- ...out of range of their rockets...

- The fish stayed 50 yards offshore, well out of range.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

14. range
If you see or hit something at close range or from close range , you are very close to it when you see it or hit it. If you do something at a range of half a mile, for example, you are half a mile away from it when you do it.

- He was shot in the head at close range.

- McCoist knocked the ball in from close range.

- ...photographing wild animals from close range...

- The enemy opened fire at a range of only 20 yards.

PHR: PHR after v

range

noun

1.

limits

area

bounds

orbit

province

radius

reach

scope

sphere

2.

series

assortment

collection

gamut

lot

selection

variety

verb

3.

vary

extend

reach

run

stretch

4.

roam

ramble

rove

traverse

wander

rangefinder

[D.J.:ˈreindʒˌfaində]

[K.K.:ˈrendʒˌfaɪndɚ]

n.

测距仪

rangefinder

rangefinder rangefinders
A rangefinder is an instrument, usually part of a camera or a piece of military equipment, that measures the distance between things that are far away from each other.
N-COUNT

ranger

[D.J.:ˈreindʒə]

[K.K.:ˈrendʒɚ]

n.

护林者

〈美〉突击队员

ranger *

ranger rangers
A ranger is a person whose job is to look after a forest or large park.

- Bill Justice is a park ranger at the Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

N-COUNT

rangy

[D.J.:ˈreindʒi]

[K.K.:ˈrendʒi]

adj.

适于(或喜欢)漫游的,〈美〉(动物或人)四肢瘦长的

rangy

rangy
If you describe a person or animal as rangy , you mean that they have long, thin, powerful legs. (WRITTEN)

- ...a tall, rangy, redheaded girl.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= long-legged

rangy

adjective

long-limbed

gangling

lanky

leggy

long-legged

rank

[D.J.:ræŋk]

[K.K.:ræŋk]

n.

军衔, 职衔

地位; 社会阶层

排; 横列; 行列

vt. & vi.

分属某类

vt.

超过; 高于

ranking

[D.J.:ˈræŋkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈræŋkɪŋ]

n.

地位;等级

rank ***

1. rank ranks
Someone's rank is the position or grade that they have in an organization.

- He eventually rose to the rank of captain.

- The former head of counter-intelligence had been stripped of his rank and privileges.

- ...officers of equivalent rank in the other branches.

N-VAR: with supp

2. rank ranks
Someone's rank is the social class, especially the high social class, that they belong to. (FORMAL)

- Each rank of the peerage was represented.

- He must be treated as a hostage of high rank, not as a common prisoner.

N-VAR: usu with supp

3. rank ranks ranking ranked
If an official organization ranks someone or something 1st, 5th, or 50th, for example, they calculate that the person or thing has that position on a scale.

- The report ranks the UK 20th out of 22 advanced nations.

- He was at the time ranked 10th in the world and had a regular place in the Swedish Davis Cup team.

- The United States ranks 20th in its infant mortality rate.

- ...the only British woman to be ranked in the top 50 of the women's world rankings...

- Mr Short does not even rank in the world's top ten.

V-ERG

4. rank ranks ranking ranked
If you say that someone or something ranks high or low on a scale, you are saying how good or important you think they are.

- His prices rank high among those of other contemporary photographers.

- Investors ranked South Korea high among Asian nations.

- St Petersburg's night life ranks as more exciting than the capital's.

- 18 per cent of women ranked sex as very important in their lives.

- The Ritz-Carlton in Aspen has to rank as one of the most extraordinary hotels I have ever been to.

- Since the 1930s, cancer has always been ranked as the disease people are most concerned about.

V-ERG

5. rank ranks ranking ranked
If you say that someone or something ranks with a group of famous people or things, you mean that they are extremely good and should be included in that group.

- ...a performance of heroic calibre that must rank with the most memorable in international rugby...

- As a novel, Nineteen Eighty-four hardly ranks with the greats.

VB

6. rank ranks
The ranks of a group or organization are the people who belong to it.

- There were some misgivings within the ranks of the media too.

- The General Assembly welcomed five new members to its ranks.

- ...the growing ranks of companies building personal computers.

N-PLURAL: with supp

7. rank ranks
The ranks are the ordinary members of an organization, especially of the armed forces.

- Top military leaders say there have been reports of demoralization in the ranks.

- Most store managers have worked their way up through the ranks.

N-PLURAL: the N, oft prep N

8. rank ranks
A rank of people or things is a row of them.

- Ranks of police in riot gear stood nervously by.

- She continued to smile at the ranks of cameras on their doorstep.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= row

9. rank ranks
A taxi rank is a place on a city street where taxis park when they are available for hire. (mainly BRIT; in AM use stand )

- The man led the way to the taxi rank.

- He walked towards the first taxi on the rank.

N-COUNT

10. rank
You can use rank to emphasize a bad or undesirable quality that exists in an extreme form. (FORMAL)

- He called it `rank hypocrisy' that the government was now promoting equal rights.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= sheer

11. rank
You can describe something as rank when it has a strong and unpleasant smell. (OLD-FASHIONED, WRITTEN)

- The kitchen was rank with the smell of drying uniforms.

- ...the rank smell of unwashed clothes.

ADJ

12. rank
If you say that a member of a group or organization breaks ranks , you mean that they disobey the instructions of their group or organization.

- `Even the President's staunchest supporters have some issues where they simply must break ranks,' says Senator Lott.

- Britain appears unlikely to break ranks with other members of the European Union.

PHR: V inflects

13. rank
If you say that the members of a group close ranks , you mean that they are supporting each other only because their group is being criticized.

- Conservative MPs intend to put aside their differences over Europe and close ranks behind the Prime Minister.

- Institutions tend to close ranks when a member has been accused of misconduct.

PHR: V inflects

14. rank
If you experience something, usually something bad, that other people have experienced, you can say that you have joined their ranks .

- Last month, 370,000 Americans joined the ranks of the unemployed.

- Many have now joined Amnesty's growing ranks of prisoners of conscience.

PHR: V inflects

15. rank
If one of the people in a competition is described as a rank outsider , they are considered to have very little chance of winning.

- The rank outsiders, Cameroon, beat the defending champions, Argentina, by one goal to nil.

PHR: N inflects emphasis

16. rank
If you say that someone in authority pulls rank , you mean that they unfairly force other people to do what they want because of their higher rank or position.

- The Captain pulled rank and made his sergeant row the entire way.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

ranking **

1. ranking rankings
In many sports, the list of the best players made by an official organization is called the rankings .

- ...the 25 leading teams in the world rankings...

- Goellner has shot up the rankings.

N-PLURAL: the N

2. ranking rankings
Someone's ranking is their position in an official list of the best players of a sport.

- Agassi was playing well above his world ranking of 12.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

3. ranking
The ranking member of a group, usually a political group, is the most senior person in it. (AM)

- ...the ranking Republican on the senate intelligence committee.

- ...the ranking American diplomat in Baghdad.

ADJ: ADJ n

rank

noun

1.

status

caste

class

degree

division

grade

level

order

position

sort

type

2.

row

column

file

group

line

range

series

tier

verb

3.

arrange

align

array

dispose

line up

order

sort

rank

adjective

1.

absolute

arrant

blatant

complete

downright

flagrant

gross

sheer

thorough

total

utter

2.

foul

bad

disgusting

noisome

noxious

offensive

rancid

revolting

stinking

3.

abundant

dense

lush

luxuriant

profuse

rank and file *

rank and file
The rank and file are the ordinary members of an organization or the ordinary workers in a company, as opposed to its leaders or managers. (JOURNALISM)

- There was widespread support for him among the rank and file.

- Substantial numbers of rank and file members ignored their union's advice.

- It seems that the rank and file of the party hadn't been consulted.

N-SING: usu the N

rank and file

noun

general public

majority

mass

masses

-ranked

-ranked
-ranked is added to words, usually numbers like `first', `second', and `third', to form adjectives which indicate what position someone or something has in a list or scale.

- ...Cheryl Thibedeau, Canada's second-ranked sprinter.

- ...the world's ten highest-ranked players.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

-ranking

-ranking
-ranking is used to form adjectives which indicate what rank someone has in an organization.

- ...a colonel on trial with three lower-ranking officers...

- He was the third-ranking official of the CIA from 1984 to 1987.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

rankle

[D.J.:ˈræŋkəl]

[K.K.:ˈræŋkəl]

vt. & vi.

(使)痛苦不已;(使)怨恨不已

rankle

rankle rankles rankling rankled
If an event or situation rankles , it makes you feel angry or bitter afterwards, because you think it was unfair or wrong.

- They paid him only £10 for it and it really rankled.

- Britain's refusal to sell Portugal arms in 1937 still rankled with him.

- The only thing that rankles me is what she says about Ireland.

VB

rankle

verb

annoy

anger

gall

get on one's nerves informal

irk

irritate

rile

ransack

[D.J.:ˈrænˌsæk]

[K.K.:ˈrænˌsæk]

vt.

彻底搜查

抢劫;掠夺

ransack *

1. ransack ransacks ransacking ransacked
If people ransack a building, they damage things in it or make it very untidy, often because they are looking for something in a quick and careless way.

- Demonstrators ransacked and burned the house where he was staying.

- He returned from hospital to find thieves had ransacked his home.

- ...the wrecked schools and churches, the ransacked embassies and homes.

VB

2. ransacking

- Nor did he explicitly denounce the ransacking of the opposition parties' offices.

N SING: the N of n

ransack

verb

1.

search

comb

explore

go through

rummage

scour

turn inside out

2.

plunder

loot

pillage

raid

strip

ransom

[D.J.:ˈrænsəm]

[K.K.:ˈrænsəm]

n.

付赎金救人; 赎金

ransom *

1. ransom ransoms
A ransom is the money that has to be paid to someone so that they will set free a person they have kidnapped.

- Her kidnapper successfully extorted a £175,000 ransom for her release.

- The president has said the United States will never pay ransom for the hostages.

- The ransom demand was made by telephone.

N-VAR

2. ransom ransoms ransoming ransomed
If you ransom someone who has been kidnapped, you pay the money to set them free.

- The same system was used for ransoming or exchanging captives.

VB

3. ransom
If a kidnapper is holding someone to ransom or holding them ransom in British English, or is holding a person for ransom in American English, they keep that person prisoner until they are given what they want

- He is charged with kidnapping a businessman last year and holding him for ransom.

- In Rio, nearly forty people have been held to ransom this year alone.

- A bus-load of schoolchildren were held ransom until the gang were given a plane.

PHR: V inflects

4. ransom
If you say that someone is holding you to ransom in British English, or holding you for ransom in American English, you mean that they are using their power to try to force you to do something which you do not want to do.

- He said terrorists would not be allowed to hold Britain to ransom.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

5. ransom
If you refer to a sum of money as a king's ransom , you are emphasizing that it is very large. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...clients happy to pay a king's ransom for a haircut.

PHR: usu v PHR emphasis

ransom

noun

payment

money

payoff

price

rant

[D.J.:rænt]

[K.K.:rænt]

vt. & vi.

夸夸其谈，大叫大嚷地以…说教

rant and rave

气愤地)大叫大嚷；不停地大声抱怨

rant *

1. rant rants ranting ranted
If you say that someone rants , you mean that they talk loudly or angrily, and exaggerate or say foolish things.

- As the boss began to rant, I stood up and went out.

- ...the mentally ill patient we heard ranting about demons...

- Even their three dogs got bored and fell asleep as he ranted on.

- `Let's get it over and done with, and to hell with them,' he ranted.

VB

2. rant
Also a noun.

- Part I is a rant against organised religion.

N-COUNT

3. ranting rantings

- He had been listening to Goldstone's rantings all night.

- There was no occasion for ranting.

N-VAR

4. rant
If you say that someone rants and raves , you mean that they talk loudly and angrily in an uncontrolled way.

- I don't rant and rave or throw tea cups.

PHR: Vs inflect disapproval

rant

verb

shout

cry

declaim

rave

roar

yell

rap

[D.J.:ræp]

[K.K.:ræp]

vt. & vi.

连续敲叩

突然说出

n.

(轻快的)敲击(声); 急敲(声)

速度快的谈话; 唠叨

rapping

[ˈræpiŋ]

n.

轻击修光(锻造中)

rap **

1. rap
Rap is a type of music in which the words are not sung but are spoken in a rapid, rhythmic way.

- For some people, rap -- the music of the hip-hop generation -- is just so much noise.

- Her favorite music was by Run DMC, a rap group.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. rap raps rapping rapped
Someone who raps performs rap music.

- ...the unexpected pleasure of hearing the Kids not only rap but even sing...

- New Yorkers rap about parties and clubs, I rap about car chases and guns.

VB

3. rap raps
A rap is a piece of music performed in rap style, or the words that are used in it.

- Every member contributes to the rap, singing either solo or as part of a rap chorus.

N-COUNT

4. rap raps rapping rapped
If you rap on something or rap it, you hit it with a series of quick blows.

- Mary Ann turned and rapped on Simon's door.

- ...rapping the glass with the knuckles of his right hand...

- A guard raps his stick on a metal hand rail.

VB

5. rap raps
Also a noun.

- There was a sharp rap on the door.

N-COUNT: usu N on n

6. rap raps
A rap is a statement in a court of law that someone has committed a particular crime, or the punishment for committing it. (AM, INFORMAL)

- You'll be facing a Federal rap for aiding and abetting an escaped convict.

N-COUNT: oft adj N for n/-ing

7. rap raps
A rap is an act of criticizing or blaming someone. (JOURNALISM)

- Paul Ringer faces a rap after playing for Penarth on Boxing Day.

- Timeshare companies also come in for a rap as they continue to flout the rules.

N-COUNT: usu sing

8. rap raps rapping rapped
If you rap someone for something, you criticize or blame them for it. (JOURNALISM)

- Water industry chiefs were rapped yesterday for failing their customers.

- The minister rapped banks over their treatment of small businesses.

VB
= criticize

9. rap
The rap about someone or something is their reputation, often a bad reputation which they do not deserve. (AM, INFORMAL)

- The rap against Conn was that he was far too reckless.

- The rap on this guy is that he doesn't really care.

- He said statisticians gave them a bad rap by `lying with figures'.

N-SING: usu with supp

10. rap raps rapping rapped
If you rap with someone about something, you talk about it in a relaxed or informal way. (AM, INFORMAL)

- Today we are going to rap about relationships.

VB

11. rap
If someone in authority raps your knuckles or raps you on the knuckles , they criticize you or blame you for doing something they think is wrong. (JOURNALISM)

- We rap the manufacturers on their knuckles if the toy is shoddy.

- I joined the workers on strike and was rapped over the knuckles.

- Ms Tyson also had her knuckles rapped for doing this.

PHR: V inflects

12. rap
If someone in authority gives you a rap on the knuckles , they criticize you or blame you for doing something they think is wrong. (JOURNALISM)

- The remark earned him a rap on the knuckles.

- Britain gave them a diplomatic rap over the knuckles.

PHR: PHR after v

13. rap
If you take the rap , you are blamed or punished for something, especially something that is not your fault or for which other people are equally guilty. (INFORMAL)

- When the client was murdered, his wife took the rap, but did she really do it?

PHR: V inflects

14. rap
If you beat the rap , you avoid being blamed for something wrong that you have done. (INFORMAL)

- ...their decision to help Minnie beat the murder rap.

PHR: V inflects

rap

verb

1.

hit

crack

knock

strike

tap

noun

2.

blow

clout informal

crack

knock

tap

3.

punishment

blame

responsibility

rap out **

rap out raps out; rapping out; rapped out
If you rap out an order or a question, you say it quickly and sharply.

- She kept rapping out orders: `Up a bit, down a bit, do it like that.'.

- `How do we know that?' rapped out Lester.

PHR-V

rapacious

[D.J.:rəˈpeɪʃəs]

[K.K.:rəˈpeʃəs]

adj.

贪婪的;(尤指)贪财的

抢劫的,掠夺的

rapaciously

adv.

贪婪地

rapaciousness

n.

贪婪

rapaciously

adv.

强取地,贪婪地

rapaciousness

n.

强取,贪婪

rapacious

rapacious
If you describe a person or their behaviour as rapacious , you disapprove of their greedy or selfish behaviour. (FORMAL)

- He had a rapacious appetite for bird's nest soup.

- The oil fields have been depleted by a rapacious exploitation policy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

rapacious

adjective Slang

greedy

avaricious

grasping

insatiable

predatory

preying

voracious

rapacity

[D.J.:rəˈpæsɪtɪ]

n.

贪婪;贪心;劫掠的欲望

rapacity

rapacity
Rapacity is very greedy or selfish behaviour. (FORMAL)

- He argued that the overcrowded cities were the product of a system based on `selfishness' and `rapacity'.

- ...the rapacity of landlords and the misery of tenants.

- ...their sexual desire and rapacity.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss disapproval

rape

[D.J.:reip]

[K.K.:rep]

vt.

以暴力夺取, 强夺

强奸

n.

芸苔, 油菜

rape ***

1. rape rapes raping raped
If someone is raped , they are forced to have sex, usually by violence or threats of violence.

- A young woman was brutally raped in her own home.

- They'd held him down and raped him.

VB

2. rape rapes
Rape is the crime of forcing someone to have sex.

- Her party opposes abortion, except in cases of rape or incest.

- Almost ninety per cent of all rapes and violent assaults went unreported.

N-VAR

3. rape
The rape of an area or of a country is the destruction or spoiling of it. (LITERARY)

- As a result of the rape of the forests, parts of the country are now short of water.

N-SING: the N of n

rape

verb

1.

sexually assault

abuse

force

outrage

ravish

violate

noun

2.

sexual assault

outrage

ravishment

violation

3.

desecration

abuse

defilement

violation

rapid

[D.J.:ˈræpid]

[K.K.:ˈræpɪd]

adj.

〈正〉快的; 急速的

rapidity

[D.J.:rəˈpɪdɪtɪ]

[K.K.:rəˈpɪdətɪ]

n.

快,迅速

陡,险峻

rapidly

[D.J.:ˈræpɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈræpɪdlɪ]

adv.

很快地,立即,迅速地

rapid ****

1. rapid
A rapid change is one that happens very quickly.

- ...the country's rapid economic growth in the 1980's...

- This signals a rapid change of mind by the government.

- ...the rapid decline in the birth rate in Western Europe.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= fast

2. rapidly

- ...countries with rapidly growing populations...

- Try to rip it apart as rapidly as possible.

- `Operating profit is rising more rapidly,' he said.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj
= quickly

3. rapidity

- ...the rapidity with which the weather can change.

N-UNCOUNT
= speed

4. rapid
A rapid movement is one that is very fast.

- He walked at a rapid pace along Charles Street.

- ...whether the Tunnel will provide more rapid car transport than ferries...

- Breathing becomes more rapid and sweating starts.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= fast

5. rapidly

- He was moving rapidly around the room.

- They rapidly spread out over the field.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= quickly

6. rapidity

- The water rushed through the holes with great rapidity.

N-UNCOUNT
= speed

rapid

adjective

quick

brisk

express

fast

hasty

hurried

prompt

speedy

swift

rapidity

noun

speed

alacrity

briskness

fleetness

haste

hurry

promptness

quickness

rush

swiftness

velocity

rapidly

adverb

quickly

briskly

fast

hastily

hurriedly

in haste

promptly

pronto informal

speedily

swiftly

rapid-fire

[D.J.:ˈræpidˈfaiə]

[K.K.:ˈræpɪdˈfaɪr]

adj.

速射的,急速的

rapid-fire

1. rapid-fire
A rapid-fire gun is one that shoots a lot of bullets very quickly, one after the other.

- In the back of the truck was a 12.7 millimeter rapid-fire machine gun.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. rapid-fire
A rapid-fire conversation or speech is one in which people talk or reply very quickly.

- Yul listened to their sophisticated, rapid-fire conversation.

- ...arguing a point in rapid-fire Spanish.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. rapid-fire
A rapid-fire economic activity or development is one that takes place very quickly. (mainly AM, JOURNALISM)

- ...the rapid-fire buying and selling of stocks...

- The company made a rapid-fire series of settlements with 25 States.

- ...Japan's rapid-fire industrialization.

ADJ: ADJ n

rapids

[D.J.:ˈræpɪdz]

n.

急流;湍流

rapids *

rapids
Rapids are a section of a river where the water moves very fast, often over rocks.

- His canoe was there, on the river below the rapids.

N-PLURAL

rapid transit

rapid transit
A rapid transit system is a transport system in a city which allows people to travel quickly, using trains that run underground or above the streets.

- ...a rapid transit link with the City and London's underground system...

- Two rapid transit trains collided early this morning in Boston.

ADJ: ADJ n

rapier

[D.J.:ˈreipiə]

[K.K.:ˈrepiɚ, ˈrepjɚ]

n.

轻剑

rapier

1. rapier rapiers
A rapier is a very thin sword with a long sharp point.
N-COUNT

2. rapier
If you say that someone has a rapier wit, you mean that they are very intelligent and quick at making clever comments or jokes in a conversation.

- Julie Burchill is famous for her precocity and rapier wit.

ADJ: ADJ n

rapist

[D.J.:ˈreɪpɪst]

[K.K.:ˈrepɪst]

n.

强奸犯

rapist *

rapist rapists
A rapist is a man who has raped someone.

- The convicted murderer and rapist is scheduled to be executed next Friday.

N-COUNT

rappel

[D.J.:ræˈpel]

[K.K.:ræˈpɛl]

n.

用绳索下口

rappel

rappel rappels rappelling rappelled
To rappel down a cliff or rock face means to slide down it in a controlled way using a rope, with your feet against the cliff or rock. (AM; in BRIT use abseil )

- They learned to rappel down a cliff.

VB

rapper

[D.J.:ˈræpə]

[K.K.:ˈræpɚ]

n.

叩击者,敲门者

rapper *

rapper rappers
A rapper is a person who performs rap music.

- The British pop charts have been dominated by rappers like MC Hammer in recent months.

N-COUNT

rapport

[D.J.:ræˈpɔ:, -ˈpəʊr, rə-]

[K.K.:ræˈpɔr, -ˈpor, rə-]

n.

融洽;和谐

rapport *

rapport
If two people or groups have a rapport , they have a good relationship in which they are able to understand each other's ideas or feelings very well.

- He said he wanted `to establish a rapport with the Indian people'.

- The success depends on good rapport between interviewer and interviewee.

- You have an intellectual rapport, a kind of easy companionship that makes me really jealous.

N-SING: also no det, oft N with/between n

rapport

noun

bond

affinity

empathy

harmony

link

relationship

sympathy

tie

understanding

rapporteur

[D.J.:ˌræpɔ:ˈtuə]

[K.K.:ˌræpɔrˈtɚ, -ˈtɚr]

n.

大会报告起草人

rapporteur

rapporteur rapporteurs
A rapporteur is a person who is officially appointed by an organization to investigate a problem or attend a meeting and to report on it. (FORMAL)

- ...the United Nations special rapporteur on torture.

- ...UN human rights rapporteurs.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

rapprochement

[D.J.:ˌrɑ:prɔ:ʃˈmɑ:ŋ]

[K.K.:ˌrɑprɔʃˈmɑŋ]

n.

(外交)(尤指两国间的)友好关系恢复

rapprochement *

rapprochement
A rapprochement is an increase in friendliness between two countries, groups, or people, especially after a period of unfriendliness. (FORMAL)

- There have been growing signs of a rapprochement with Vietnam.

- ...the process of political rapprochement between the two former foes.

N-SING: also no det, oft N with/between n
= reconciliation

rapprochement

noun

reconciliation

detente

reunion

rapt

[D.J.:ræpt]

[K.K.:ræpt]

adj.

全神贯注的;入迷的

rapt

1. rapt
If someone watches or listens with rapt attention, they are extremely interested or fascinated. (LITERARY)

- I noticed that everyone was watching me with rapt attention.

- Delegates sat in rapt silence as Mrs Fisher spoke.

- Phillips had a rapt expression on his face.

- He had held his audience rapt.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. raptly

- ...listening raptly to stories about fascinating people.

ADV: ADV with v

rapt

adjective

spellbound

absorbed

engrossed

enthralled

entranced

fascinated

gripped

raptor

[D.J.:ˈræptə]

[K.K.:ˈræptɚ]

n.

猛禽,肉食鸟

raptor

raptor raptors
Raptors are birds of prey, such as eagles and hawks. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT
= bird of prey

rapture

[D.J.:ˈræptʃə]

[K.K.:ˈræptʃɚ]

n.

极度欢喜

rapture

rapture
Rapture is a feeling of extreme happiness or pleasure. (LITERARY)

- The film was shown to gasps of rapture at the Democratic Convention.

- His speech was received with rapture by his supporters.

- I stare in rapture at the ball.

- What joy, what rapture, what glory to see him again!

N-UNCOUNT
= delight

rapture

noun

ecstasy

bliss

delight

euphoria

joy

rhapsody

seventh heaven

transport

raptures

raptures
If you are in raptures or go into raptures about something, you are extremely impressed by it and enthusiastic about it. (mainly BRIT, WRITTEN)

- They will be in raptures over the French countryside.

- Davies goes into raptures over the brilliantly coloured paintwork.

- His goal sent the crowd into raptures.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

rapturous

[D.J.:ˈræptʃərəs]

[K.K.:ˈræptʃərəs]

adj.

着迷的,痴迷的;狂喜的;销魂的

rapturously

adv.

兴高采烈地,狂喜地

rapturous

1. rapturous
A rapturous feeling or reaction is one of extreme happiness or enthusiasm. (JOURNALISM)

- The students gave him a rapturous welcome.

- Pope John Paul received a rapturous reception when he visited East Timor.

- The conference greeted the speech with rapturous applause.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. rapturously

- He was rapturously received by the American Congress.

- They were kissing each other rapturously.

ADV: ADV with v

rapturous

adjective

ecstatic

blissful

euphoric

in seventh heaven

joyful

overjoyed

over the moon informal

transported

rare

[D.J.:rɛə]

[K.K.:rɛr]

adj.

稀少的, 罕见的

稀薄的

极好的, 极度的

rarer

adj.

更稀罕的,更珍贵的(rare的最高级)

rarest

adj.

最稀罕的,最珍贵的(rare的比较级)

rare ***

1. rare rarer rarest
Something that is rare is not common and is therefore interesting or valuable.

- ...the black-necked crane, one of the rarest species in the world...

- She collects rare plants.

- Do you want to know about a particular rare stamp or rare stamps in general?

ADJ-GRADED
= uncommon ≠ common

2. rare rarer rarest
An event or situation that is rare does not occur very often.

- ...on those rare occasions when he did eat alone...

- Heart attacks were extremely rare in babies, he said.

- It's apparently rare for anyone to have two legs the same length.

- I think it's very rare to have big families nowadays.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
= uncommon ≠ common

3. rare
You use rare to emphasize an extremely good or remarkable quality.

- Ferris has a rare ability to record her observations on paper.

- It was a rare pleasure to see him in action.

- ...a leader of rare strength and instinct.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= uncommon

4. rare rarer rarest
Meat that is rare is cooked very lightly so that the inside is still red.

- Thick tuna steaks are eaten rare, like beef.

- Waiter, I specifically asked for this steak rare.

ADJ-GRADED

rare

adjective

1.

uncommon

few

infrequent

scarce

singular

sparse

strange

unusual

2.

superb

choice

excellent

fine

great

peerless

superlative

rarefied

[D.J.:ˈrɛəriˌfaid]

[K.K.:ˈrɛrəˌfaɪd]

adj.

纯净的,稀薄的

rarefied

1. rarefied
If you talk about the rarefied atmosphere of a place or institution, you are expressing your disapproval of it, because it has a special social or academic status that makes it very different from ordinary life.

- ...the fear and loneliness that working class students can feel when they are plunged into the rarefied atmosphere of university...

- It is important for the state's future administrators to get out of the rarefied air of the capital.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

2. rarefied
Rarefied air is air that does not contain much oxygen, for example in mountain areas.

- Both animals and people were gasping for breath in the rarefied air.

- ...living at very high altitudes where the atmosphere is rarefied.

ADJ-GRADED

rarefied

adjective

exalted

elevated

high

lofty

noble

spiritual

sublime

rarely

[D.J.:ˈrɛəli]

[K.K.:ˈrɛrli]

adv.

不常, 很少地, 难得地

rarely ***

rarely
If something rarely happens, it does not happen very often.

- They battled against other Indian tribes, but rarely fought with the whites.

- I very rarely wear a raincoat because I spend most of my time in a car.

- Money was plentiful, and rarely did anyone seem very bothered about levels of expenditure.

- They were rarely seen together and certainly did not travel together.

- Adolescent suicide is rarely an impulsive reaction to immediate distress.

- Rarely does a grand jury publicly disagree with a prosecutor.

ADV-BRD-NEG: ADV before v, ADV with cl/group
= seldom ≠ often

rarely

adverb

seldom

hardly

hardly ever

infrequently

raring

[D.J.:ˈreərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrɛrɪŋ]

adj.

<口>渴望的,一心向往的

raring

1. raring
If you say that you are raring to go , you mean that you are very eager to start doing something.

- After a good night's sleep, Paul said he was raring to go.

PHR: V inflects

2. raring
If you are raring to do something or are raring for it, you are very eager to do it or very eager that it should happen.

- Sarah's here and raring to meet you.

- He is raring to charge into the fray and lay down the law.

- Baker suggested the administration wasn't raring for a fight.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, ADJ to-inf, ADJ for n
= eager keen

raring

adjective

raring to

eager

desperate

enthusiastic

impatient

keen

longing

ready

rarity

[D.J.:ˈreərɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈrɛrɪti]

n.

稀有, 罕见

稀罕的东西;珍品

rarity *

1. rarity rarities
If someone or something is a rarity , they are interesting or valuable because they are so unusual. (JOURNALISM)

- Motorized wheelchairs are a rarity here.

- He was a rarity among Wall Street lawyers.

- Sontag has always been that rarity, a glamorous intellectual.

- Other rarities include an interview with Presley.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N in/among n

2. rarity
The rarity of something is the fact that it is very uncommon.

- This indicates the rarity of such attacks.

- It was a real prize due to its rarity and good condition.

- `Its rarity value is high,' Gibson announced gravely.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

rarity

noun

1.

curio

collector's item

find

gem

treasure

2.

uncommonness

infrequency

scarcity

shortage

sparseness

strangeness

unusualness

rascal

[D.J.:ˈræskəl]

[K.K.:ˈræskəl]

n.

流氓, 无赖

(开玩笑说法)淘气的人(尤指小孩), 恶作剧的人

rascal

rascal rascals
If you call a man or child a rascal , you mean that they behave badly and are rude or dishonest. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- What's that old rascal been telling you?

N-COUNT
= rogue

rascal

noun

rogue

blackguard

devil

good-for-nothing

imp

ne'er-do-well

scamp

scoundrel

villain

rascally

[ˈrɑ:skəli]

adj.

流氓的,无赖的,卑鄙的

adv.

无赖地

rascally

rascally
If you describe someone as a rascally person, you mean that they behave badly and are wicked or dishonest. (LITERARY)

- They stumble across a ghost town inhabited by a rascally gold prospector.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

rash

[D.J.:ræʃ]

[K.K.:ræʃ]

n.

发疹, 疹子

adj.

太急速的; 鲁莽的; 轻率的

rashly

[D.J.:ˈræʃlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈræʃlɪ]

adv.

鲁莽地,轻率地,仓促地

rashness

[D.J.:ˈræʃnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈræʃnɪs]

n.

轻率;鲁莽

rash **

1. rash
If someone is rash or does rash things, they act without thinking carefully first, and therefore make mistakes or behave foolishly.

- It would be rash to rely on such evidence.

- Mr. Major is making no rash promises.

- Don't do anything rash until the feelings subside.

ADJ-GRADED
= hasty impulsive ≠ careful

2. rashly

- I made quite a lot of money, but I rashly gave most of it away.

- My sister always said I acted rashly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl, ADV after v

3. rashness

- With characteristic rashness and valor, Peter plunged into the icy water.

- ...the rashness of youth.

N-UNCOUNT

4. rash rashes
A rash is an area of red spots that appears on your skin when you are ill or have a bad reaction to something that you have eaten or touched.

- I noticed a rash on my leg.

- He may break out in a rash when he eats these nuts.

- The symptoms include skin rashes, fever, and painful joints.

N-COUNT

5. rash
If you talk about a rash of events or things, you mean a large number of unpleasant events or undesirable things, which have happened or appeared within a short period of time.

- They believe this confusion is responsible for a rash of suicides this spring.

- ...one of the few major airlines left untouched by the industry's rash of takeovers...

- Now a rash of scruffy little shops bordered one side of the street.

N-SING: N of n
= spate of

rash

adjective

reckless

careless

foolhardy

hasty

heedless

ill-advised

impetuous

imprudent

impulsive

incautious

rash

noun

1.

outbreak

eruption

2.

spate

flood

outbreak

plague

series

wave

rashness

noun

recklessness

carelessness

foolhardiness

hastiness

heedlessness

indiscretion

thoughtlessness

rasher

[D.J.:ˈræʃə]

[K.K.:ˈræʃɚ]

n.

咸肉(或火腿)的薄片

rasher

rasher rashers
A rasher of bacon is a slice of bacon. (BRIT; in AM use slice )
N-COUNT: oft N of n

rasp

[D.J.:ræsp]

[K.K.:ræsp]

n.

粗锉

vt. & vi.

以粗锉打磨, 锉去

发出摩擦的刺耳声

rasped

[rɑ:spt;ræspt]

adj.

刺耳的,易怒的

rasping

[ˈrɑ:spiŋ]

adj.

锉磨声的,令人焦躁的

rasp *

1. rasp rasps rasping rasped
If someone rasps , their voice or breathing is harsh and unpleasant to listen to.

- `Where've you put it?' he rasped.

- He fell back into the water, his breath rasping in his heaving chest.

- In a rasping voice, she told of her long and agonising battle.

VB

2. rasp
Also a noun.

- He was still laughing when he heard the rasp of Rennie's voice.

N-SING: with supp

3. rasp rasps rasping rasped
If something rasps , it makes a harsh, unpleasant sound as it rubs against something hard or rough.

- Sabres rasped from scabbards and the horsemen spurred forward.

- Foden rasped a hand across his chin.

- He pulled the cloth and it came away with a rasping sound.

V-ERG

4. rasp
Also a noun.

- ...the rasp of something being drawn across the sand.

N-SING: with supp

5. rasp rasps
A rasp is a long metal tool with rough surfaces, used to rub solid objects and give them smooth surfaces.
N-COUNT
= file

raspberry

[D.J.:ˈræzˌberi:]

[K.K.:ˈræzˌbɛri]

n.

悬钩子(树), 木莓(树), 山莓(树)

raspberry *

1. raspberry raspberries
Raspberries are small, soft, red fruit that grow on bushes.
N-COUNT

2. raspberry raspberries
If you blow a raspberry , you make a sound by putting your tongue out and blowing, in order to insult someone. (INFORMAL)

- He blows a raspberry down the telephone line and hangs up.

- They're all making raspberry noises.

N-COUNT

3. raspberry raspberries
If you blow a raspberry at someone or something, you reject them completely or criticize them severely. (mainly BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- ...a time to blow a modest raspberry at politics...

N-COUNT

raspy

[D.J.:ˈrɑ:spi]

[K.K.:ˈræspi]

adj.

刺耳的,焦躁的,易怒的

raspy

raspy
If someone has a raspy voice, they make rough sounds as if they have a sore throat or have difficulty in breathing. (LITERARY)

- Both men sang in a deep, raspy tone.

- Her voice was raspy with nicotine and whiskey.

ADJ
= hoarse

Rasta

[D.J.:ˈræstə,ˈrɑ:stə]

[K.K.:ˈrɑstə, ˈræstə]

adj.

（牙买加）塔法里教的

Rasta

1. Rasta Rastas
A Rasta is the same as a Rastafarian . (INFORMAL)

- The LP was called Rastas Never Die.

N-COUNT

2. Rasta
Rasta means the same as Rastafarian . (INFORMAL)

- ...Rasta singer Pablo Moses.

ADJ: ADJ n

Rastafarian

[D.J.:ˌrɑ:stəˈfɑ:ri:ən, ˌræstəˈfær-]

[K.K.:ˌrɑstəˈfɑriən, ˌræstəˈfær-]

adj.

（牙买加）塔法里教的

Rastafarian

1. Rastafarian Rastafarians
A Rastafarian is a member of a Jamaican religious group which considers Haile Selassie, the former Emperor of Ethiopia, to be God. Rastafarians often have long hair which they wear in a hairstyle called dreadlocks.

- He was one of the few thousand committed Rastafarians in South Africa.

N-COUNT
= Rasta

2. Rastafarian
Rastafarian is used to describe Rastafarians and their beliefs and lifestyle.

- Rastafarian poet Benjamin Zephaniah is a special guest in the programme.

- He refused to cut his hair due to his Rastafarian beliefs.

ADJ: ADJ n
= Rasta

rat

[D.J.:ræt]

[K.K.:ræt]

n.

大老鼠

卑鄙小人, 叛徒

rats

[ræts]

int.

胡说,瞎扯

ratted

[ˈrætid]

adj.

〈俚〉醉了的，喝醉的

rat **

1. rat rats
A rat is an animal which has a long tail and looks like a large mouse.

- This was demonstrated in a laboratory experiment with rats.

- ...a rat-infested derelict building.

N-COUNT

2. rat rats
If you call someone a rat , you mean that you are angry with them or dislike them, often because they have cheated you or betrayed you. (INFORMAL)

- What did you do with the gun you took from that little rat Turner?

N-COUNT disapproval

3. rat rats ratting ratted
If someone rats on you, they tell someone in authority about things that you have done, especially bad things. (INFORMAL)

- They were accused of encouraging children to rat on their parents.

VB
= grass on

4. rat rats ratting ratted
If someone rats on an agreement, they do not do what they said they would do. (INFORMAL)

- She claims he ratted on their divorce settlement.

VB
= renege on

5. rat
If you smell a rat , you begin to suspect or realize that something is wrong in a particular situation, for example that someone is trying to deceive you or harm you.

- If I don't send a picture, he will smell a rat.

- Though Lloyd George's behaviour seemed curious, Haig still did not smell a rat.

PHR: V inflects

rat-a-tat

[ˈrætəˈtæt]

n.

敲门的声音,砰砰声

rat-a-tat

rat-a-tat
You use rat-a-tat to represent a series of sharp, repeated sounds, for example the sound of someone knocking at a door.

- ...the rat-a-tat at the door.

- ...the rat-a-tat of machine guns.

N-SING; SOUND

ratatouille

n.

蹩脚的炖菜

ratatouille

ratatouille
Ratatouille is a cooked dish made with vegetables such as tomatoes, onions, aubergines, courgettes, and peppers.

- You should have prepared something other than lamb and ratatouille.

- ...a delicious ratatouille.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

ratbag

n.

乖僻的人,怪人

ratbag

ratbag ratbags
If you call someone a ratbag , you are insulting them. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Lying ratbags, that's what they are.

N-COUNT disapproval

ratchet

[D.J.:ˈrætʃit]

[K.K.:ˈrætʃɪt]

n.

(防倒转的)棘齿

ratcheting

[ˈrætʃitiŋ]

n.

棘轮效应;齿合;联轴节;离合器

ratchet

1. ratchet ratchets
In a tool or machine, a ratchet is a wheel or bar with sloping teeth, which can move only in one direction, because a piece of metal stops the teeth from moving backwards.

- The chair has a ratchet below it to adjust the height.

- A ratchet mechanism transfers the thread from spool to bobbin.

N-COUNT

2. ratchet ratchets ratcheting ratcheted
If a tool or machine ratchets or if you ratchet it, it makes a clicking noise as it operates, because it has a ratchet in it.

- The rod bent double, the reel shrieked and ratcheted.

- She took up a sheet and ratcheted it into the typewriter.

V-ERG

3. ratchet
If you describe a situation as a ratchet , you mean that it is bad and can only become worse. (mainly BRIT)

- ...another raising of the ratchet of violence in the conflict.

N-SING: with supp

ratchet down

ratchet down ratchets down; ratcheting down; ratcheted down
If something ratchets down or is ratcheted down , it decreases by a fixed amount or degree, and seems unlikely to increase again. (mainly JOURNALISM)

- We're trying to ratchet down the administrative costs.

- He fears inflation will ratchet up as the year ends.

PHR-V-ERG
≠ ratchet up

ratchet up

ratchet up ratchets up; ratcheting up; ratcheted up
If something ratchets up or is ratcheted up , it increases by a fixed amount or degree, and seems unlikely to decrease again. (JOURNALISM)

- ...an attempt to ratchet up the pressure on Israel...

- He fears inflation will ratchet up as the year ends.

- Audiences' expectations are ratcheted up as they are exposed to high-budget productions.

PHR-V-ERG
= escalate ≠ ratchet down

rate

[D.J.:reit]

[K.K.:ret]

n.

比率, 率

(运动、变化等的)速度; 进度

费用, 价格

房地产税, 市政服务税

等级, 水准

vt.

估价; 评估征税现值

vt. & vi.

认为; 把…算作

vt., link v.

定级

rated

[ˈreitid]

adj.

定价的,额定的

rating

[D.J.:ˈreitiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈretɪŋ]

n.

等级, 类别(尤指船只以吨位计算的等级)

(船上人员的)等级, 类别

(海军)水兵

rate *****

1. rate rates
The rate at which something happens is the speed with which it happens.

- The rate at which hair grows can be agonisingly slow.

- The world's tropical forests are disappearing at an even faster rate than experts had thought.

N-COUNT: with supp

2. rate rates
The rate at which something happens is the number of times it happens over a period of time.

- New diet books appear at a rate of nearly one a week.

- His heart rate was 30 beats per minute slower.

- Britain held the unenviable record of having the highest divorce rate in Europe.

N-COUNT: with supp

3. rate rates
A rate is the amount of money that is charged for goods or services.

- Calls cost 36p per minute cheap rate and 48p at all other times.

- ...specially reduced rates for travellers using Gatwick Airport...

- East German wages were converted at the rate of one old East mark for one Deutschmark.

N-COUNT: with supp
See also exchange rate .

4. rate rates
The rate of taxation or interest is the amount of tax or interest that needs to be paid. It is expressed as a percentage of the amount that is earned, gained as profit, or borrowed.

- The government insisted that it would not be panicked into interest rate cuts.

N-COUNT: with supp

5. rate rates
In Britain, the rates were a local tax which you paid if you owned property or if you rented property without furniture.

- Soldiers were exempt from paying rates.

- The new council tax combines elements of both the community charge and the rates.

N-PLURAL

6. rate rates rated
If you rate someone or something as good or bad, you consider them to be good or bad.

- Of all the men in the survey, they rate themselves the least fun-loving and the most responsible.

- The film was rated excellent by 90 per cent of children.

- Most rated it a hit.

- We rate him as one of the best.

- She rated the course highly.

- Reading books does not rate highly among Britons as a leisure activity.

- ...the most highly rated player in English football.

V-ERG: no cont

7. rate rates rating rated
If you rate someone or something, you think that they are good. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- It's flattering to know that other clubs have shown interest and seem to rate me.

- Its artistic value failed to move Paddy Clegg. `I don't know what all the fuss is about. I didn't rate it at all,' he said.

VB

8. rate rated
If someone or something is rated at a particular position or rank, they are calculated or considered to be in that position on a list.

- He is generally rated Italy's No. 3 industrialist.

- He came here rated 100th on the tennis computer.

V-PASSIVE: no cont
= ranked

9. rate rates rated
If you say that someone or something rates a particular reaction, you mean that this is the reaction you consider to be appropriate.

- This is so extraordinary, it rates a medal and a phone call from the President.

- In those crowded streets her attire did not rate a second glance.

VB: no cont
= merit

10. rate
You use at any rate to indicate that what you have just said might be incorrect or unclear in some way, and that you are now being more precise.

- She modestly suggests that `sex, or at any rate gender, may account for the difference'.

- He is the least appealing character, to me at any rate.

PHR: PHR with cl

11. rate
You use at any rate to indicate that the important thing is what you are saying now, and not what was said before.

- At any rate, Pankin said that relations between the two nations will be restored before the conference.

- Well, at any rate, let me thank you for all you did.

PHR: PHR with cl

12. rate
If you say that at this rate something bad or extreme will happen, you mean that it will happen if things continue to develop as they have been doing.

- At this rate, she would be almost seven feet tall by then.

- At this rate they'd be lucky to get home before eight-thirty or nine.

PHR: PHR with cl

rating ***

1. rating ratings
A rating of something is a score or measurement of how good or popular it is.

- ...a value-for-money rating of ten out of ten...

- New public opinion polls show the president's approval rating at its lowest point since he took office.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
See also credit rating .

2. rating ratings
The ratings are the statistics published each week which show how popular each television programme is.

- Eurocops was beaten in the ratings on Channel 4 by Kate and Allie, Hill Street Blues and St Elsewhere.

- CBS's ratings again showed huge improvement over the previous year.

N-PLURAL

3. rating ratings
Ratings are the sailors in some national navies who are not officers or who have no rank. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu pl

4. rating ratings
The rating of a member of the armed forces is the level they have achieved, according to their job or the skills they have. (mainly AM)
N-COUNT: oft with poss

rate

noun

1.

speed

pace

tempo

velocity

2.

degree

proportion

ratio

scale

standard

3.

charge

cost

fee

figure

price

at any rate

4.

in any case

anyhow

anyway

at all events

verb

5.

evaluate

consider

count

estimate

grade

measure

rank

reckon

value

6.

deserve

be entitled to

be worthy of

merit

rating

noun

position

class

degree

grade

order

placing

rank

rate

status

rateable value

rateable value rateable values
In Britain, the rateable value of a building was a value based on its size and facilities, which was used in calculating local taxes called rates.
N-COUNT

rate-cap

vt.

〈英〉(中央政府)限定(市议会可以征收的)税额

rate-capping

n.

征税额上限,课税上限

rate-cap

1. rate-cap rate-caps rate-capping rate-capped
In Britain, when a local council was rate-capped , the government prevented it from increasing local taxes called rates, in order to force the council to reduce its spending or make it more efficient.

- Notts County Council is to cut 200 jobs in a bid to escape being rate-capped.

VB: usu passive

2. rate-capping

- The project is seriously threatened by rate-capping.

N-UNCOUNT

3. rate-cap rate-caps
A rate cap is a limit placed by the government on the amount of interest that banks or credit card companies can charge their customers. (AM)
N-COUNT

rate of exchange

rate of exchange rates of exchange
A rate of exchange is the same as an exchange rate .

- ...four thousand dinars -- about four hundred dollars at the official rate of exchange.

N-COUNT
= exchange rate

ratepayer

[D.J.:ˈreitˌpeiə]

[K.K.:ˈretˌpeɚ]

n.

地方税纳税人

ratepayer

1. ratepayer ratepayers
In Britain, a ratepayer was a person who owned or rented property and therefore had to pay local taxes called rates. The citizens of a district are sometimes still called the ratepayers when their interests and the use of local taxes are being considered.

- The Conservatives saw this as stopping the waste of ratepayers' money.

N-COUNT

2. ratepayer ratepayers
In the United States, a ratepayer is a person whose property is served by an electricity, water, or telephone company, and who pays for these services.

- The new law could create a `no lose' situation for the phone companies that could leave ratepayers worse off.

N-COUNT

rather

[D.J.:ˈrɑ:ðə]

[K.K.:ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ]

adv.

在一定程度上; 颇

或多或少; 有几分; 相当

rather *****

1. rather
You use rather than when you are contrasting two things or situations. Rather than introduces the thing or situation that is not true or that you do not want.

- The problem was psychological rather than physiological.

- Sedge is similar in appearance to grass but has a solid rather than a hollow stem.

- The dark star in Nova Muscae 1991 is a black hole rather than a neutron star.

- When I'm going out in the evening I use the bike if I can rather than the car.

PHR-PREP

2. rather
Also a conjunction.

- Rather than break her appointment and disappoint me, Katie again took the car.

- She made students think for themselves, rather than telling them what to think.

- I suggest that rather than the show season starting in June, it should be brought forward to April or May.

- Most of these will be fleeing cold and hunger, rather than fighting.

- She prefers to stay in detention rather than be released and go into exile.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

3. rather
You use rather when you are correcting something that you have just said, especially when you are describing a particular situation after saying what it is not.

- Twenty million years ago, Idaho was not the arid place it is now. Rather, it was warm and damp, populated by dense primordial forest.

- But there must be no talk of final victory; rather, the long, hard slog to a solution.

- The process is not a circle but rather a spiral.

- He explained what the Crux is, or rather, what it was.

ADV: ADV with cl/group

4. rather
If you say that you would rather do something or you 'd rather do it, you mean that you would prefer to do it. If you say that you would rather not do something, you mean that you do not want to do it.

- If it's all the same to you, I'd rather work at home.

- Which programme would you rather appear on?.

- Kids would rather play than study.

- I have no information one way or the other, but I would rather he do it than not do it.

- I would rather Lionel took it on.

- Sorry. I'd rather not talk about it.

- Would you like that? Don't hesitate to say no if you'd rather not.

PHR-MODAL

5. rather
You use rather to indicate that something is true to a fairly great extent, especially when you are talking about something unpleasant or undesirable.

- I grew up in rather unusual circumstances.

- It had made some rather bad mistakes which I thought should be corrected.

- He had had an excellent dinner at a rather good local hotel.

- The first speaker began to talk, very fast and rather loudly.

- We got along rather well.

- I'm afraid it's rather a long story.

- The reality is rather more complex.

- As you can see, he did rather better for himself than I did.

- ...a figure rather too good to be true...

- The fruit is rather like a sweet chestnut.

- Robbie was there with his family, keeping rather in the background.

ADV: ADV adj/adv, ADV a n, ADV compar, ADV too adj/adv, ADV prep

6. rather
You use rather before verbs that introduce your thoughts and feelings, in order to express your opinion politely, especially when a different opinion has been expressed.

- I rather think he was telling the truth.

- I rather like the decorative effect.

ADV: ADV before v

7. rather
People sometimes say rather to express agreement or acceptance. (BRIT, mainly FORMAL, OLD-FASHIONED)

- `Well, he did have a sort of family connection with it, didn't he.' --- `Oh yes. Rather.'

CONVENTION

rather

adverb

1.

to some extent

a little

fairly

moderately

quite

relatively

somewhat

to some degree

2.

preferably

more readily

more willingly

sooner

ratification

[D.J.:ˌrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃɵn]

n.

正式批准;认可

ratification *

ratification ratifications
The ratification of a treaty or written agreement is the process of ratifying it.

- We welcome this development and we look forward to early ratification by China of the treaty.

N-VAR: usu sing, oft N of n

ratified

批准

ratify

[D.J.:ˈrætifai]

[K.K.:ˈrætəˌfaɪ]

vt.

批准, 签认(合约等)

ratify **

ratify ratifies ratifying ratified
When national leaders or organizations ratify a treaty or written agreement, they make it official by giving their formal approval to it, usually by signing it or voting for it.

- The parliaments of Australia and Indonesia have yet to ratify the treaty.

VB

ratify

verb

approve

affirm

authorize

confirm

endorse

establish

sanction

uphold

ratio

[D.J.:ˈreiʃiəu]

[K.K.:ˈreʃo, ˈreʃiˌo]

n.

比, 比率

ratio **

ratio ratios
The ratio of something is the relationship between two things when it is expressed in numbers or amounts. For example, if there are ten boys and thirty girls in a room, the ratio of boys to girls is 1:3, or one to three.

- In 1978 there were 884 students at a lecturer/student ratio of 1:15.

- The bottom chart shows the ratio of personal debt to personal income.

- The adult to child ratio is 1 to 6.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n to n
= proportion

ratio

noun

proportion

fraction

percentage

rate

relation

ration

[D.J.:ˈræʃən]

[K.K.:ˈræʃən, ˈreʃən]

n.

定量; 配给量

vt.

限量供应; 配给供应

rationing

[D.J.:ˈræʃənɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈræʃənɪŋ]

n.

定量配给

ration *

1. ration rations
When there is not enough of something, your ration of it is the amount that you are allowed to have.

- The meat ration was down to one pound per person per week.

- They have begun to issue ration cards for basic necessities such as rice and flour.

N-COUNT

2. ration rations rationing rationed
When something is rationed by a person or government, you are only allowed to have a limited amount of it, usually because there is not enough of it.

- Staples such as bread, rice and tea are already being rationed.

- The decision to ration food comes as Muscovites have overrun bakeries.

- Motorists will be rationed to thirty litres of petrol a month.

- There's a black market in rationed goods.

VB

3. ration rations
Rations are the food which is given to people who do not have enough food or to soldiers.

- Aid officials said that the first emergency food rations of wheat and oil were handed out here last month.

- The Russian soldiers sampled the officers' rations and wolfed the superior food with delight.

N-PLURAL

4. ration rations
Your ration of something is the amount of it that you normally have.

- ...after consuming his ration of junk food and two cigarettes.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

rationing *

rationing
Rationing is the system of limiting the amount of food, water, petrol, or other necessary substances that each person is allowed to have or buy when there is not enough of them.

- The municipal authorities here are preparing for food rationing.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

ration

noun

1.

allowance

allotment

helping

measure

part

portion

quota

share

verb

2.

limit

budget

control

restrict

rational

[D.J.:ˈræʃənl]

[K.K.:ˈræʃənəl]

adj.

神智清楚的

理性的; 理智的; 合理的; 出于理性的

rationality

[D.J.:ˌræʃəˈnælɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌræʃəˈnælɪti]

n.

合理性

(常复数)合理的行动(或见解、措施等)

rationally

adv.

讲道理地,理性地

rational **

1. rational
Rational decisions and thoughts are based on reason rather than on emotion.

- He's asking you to look at both sides of the case and come to a rational decision.

- Mary was able to short-circuit her stress response by keeping her thoughts calm and rational.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ irrational

2. rationally

- It can be very hard to think rationally when you're feeling so vulnerable and alone.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v
≠ irrationally

3. rationality

- We live in an era of rationality.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ irrationality

4. rational
A rational person is someone who is sensible and is able to make decisions based on intelligent thinking rather than on emotion.

- Did he come across as a sane rational person?.

- Rachel looked calmer and more rational now.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ irrational

rational

adjective

sane

intelligent

logical

lucid

realistic

reasonable

sensible

sound

wise

rationale

[D.J.:ˌræʃəˈnæl]

[K.K.:ˌræʃəˈnæl]

n.

理由;逻辑依据

rationale *

rationale rationales
The rationale for a course of action, practice, or belief is the set of reasons on which it is based. (FORMAL)

- However, the rationale for such initiatives is not, of course, solely economic.

- The rationale of reprocessing spent nuclear fuel is inevitably being questioned.

N-COUNT: oft N for n/-ing

rationale

noun

reason

grounds

logic

motivation

philosophy

principle

raison d'être

theory

rationalism

[D.J.:ˈræʃənəlizəm]

[K.K.:ˈræʃənəˌlɪzəm]

n.

理性主义,唯理论

rationalism

rationalism
Rationalism is the belief that your life should be based on reason and logic, rather than emotions or religious beliefs.

- Coleridge was to spend the next thirty years attacking rationalism.

- ...the scientific rationalism of the West.

N-UNCOUNT

rationalist

[ˈræʃənəlist]

n.

唯理论者,理性主义者

rationalist

1. rationalist
If you describe someone as rationalist , you mean that their beliefs are based on reason and logic rather than emotion or religion.

- ...the rationalist philosopher Lakatos.

- ...the rationalist and liberal ideas of the nineteenth century...

- White was both visionary and rationalist.

ADJ

2. rationalist rationalists
If you describe someone as a rationalist , you mean that they base their life on rationalist beliefs.
N-COUNT

rationalization

[D.J.:ˌræʃənəlaiˈzeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌræʃənəlɪˈzeʃən]

n.

合理化,合于经济原则

rationalize

[D.J.:ˈræʃənəˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈræʃənəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使合理化

vt. & vi.

为错误的或有害的行为找理由

rationalize *

1. rationalize rationalizes rationalizing rationalized
If you try to rationalize attitudes or actions that are difficult to accept, you think of reasons to justify or explain them.

- He further rationalized his activity by convincing himself that he was actually promoting peace.

- I poured my thoughts out on paper in an attempt to rationalize my feelings.

VB (BRIT) also rationalise

2. rationalization rationalizations

- ...this rationalization of his bedside grief.

N-VAR

3. rationalize rationalizes rationalizing rationalized
When a company, system, or industry is rationalized , it is made more efficient, usually by getting rid of staff and equipment that are not essential. (mainly BRIT)

- The network of 366 local offices is being rationalised to leave the company with 150 to 200 larger branch offices.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also rationalise
= streamline

4. rationalization

- ...the rationalization of the textile industry.

N-UNCOUNT

rationalize

verb

justify

account for

excuse

vindicate

rat pack

rat pack
People sometimes refer to the group of journalists and photographers who follow famous people around as the rat pack , especially when they think that their behaviour is unacceptable. (BRIT)
N-SING: usu the N disapproval
= paparazzi

rat race

rat race
If you talk about getting out of the rat race , you mean leaving a job or way of life in which people compete aggressively with each other to be successful.

- I had to get out of the rat race and take a look at the real world again.

N-SING: the N

rat run

rat run rat runs
A rat run is a small street which drivers use during busy times in order to avoid heavy traffic on the main roads. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

rattan

[D.J.:rəˈtæn]

[K.K.:ræˈtæn, rə-]

n.

藤杖,藤条

rattan

rattan
Rattan furniture is made from the woven strips of stems of a plant which grows in South East Asia.

- ...a light airy room set with cloth-covered tables and rattan chairs.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

rattle

[D.J.:ˈrætl]

[K.K.:ˈrætl]

vt. & vi.

(使)发出格格的响声, (使)作嘎嘎声

喋喋不休地说话

vi.

迅速而嘎嘎作响地移动, 堕下或走动

n.

发出嘎嘎声的儿童玩具; 嘎嘎声

rattled

[ˈrætld]

adj.

慌乱的,恼火的

rattling

[D.J.:ˈrætliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrætlɪŋ]

adj.

咔嗒咔嗒的,活泼的,很好的

adv.

极佳,很,非常

rattle **

1. rattle rattles rattling rattled
When something rattles or when you rattle it, it makes short sharp knocking sounds because it is being shaken or it keeps hitting against something hard.

- She slams the kitchen door so hard I hear dishes rattle.

- He gently rattled the cage and whispered to the canary.

- The truck pulled away, and she listened to the rattling noises fade down the lane.

V-ERG

2. rattle rattles
Also a noun.

- There was a rattle of rifle-fire.

N-COUNT

3. rattling

- At that moment, there was a rattling at the door.

N-SING

4. rattle rattles
A rattle is a baby's toy with loose bits inside which make a noise when the baby shakes it.
N-COUNT

5. rattle rattles
A rattle is a wooden instrument that people shake to make a loud knocking noise at football matches or tribal ceremonies.
N-COUNT

6. rattle rattles
A rattlesnake's rattle is the hard part at the end of its tail which makes a rattling sound when it is shaken.
N-COUNT

7. rattle rattles rattling rattled
If something or someone rattles you, they make you nervous.

- The news from Body Shop rattled the rest of the retail sector.

- She refused to be rattled by his £3,000-a-day lawyer.

VB
= unnerve

8. rattled

- He swore in Spanish, another indication that he was rattled.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

9. rattle rattles rattling rattled
You can say that a bus, train or car rattles somewhere when it moves noisily from one place to another.

- The bus from Odense rattled into a dusty village called Pozo Almonte.

- Somewhere close at hand a train rattled by.

VB

rattle

verb

1.

clatter

bang

jangle

2.

shake

bounce

jar

jolt

vibrate

3.

fluster

disconcert

disturb

faze

perturb

shake

upset

rattle around **

rattle around rattles around; rattling around; rattled around
If you say that someone rattles around in a room or other space, you mean that the space is too large for them.

- We don't want to move, but we're rattling around in our large house.

PHR-V

rattle off **

rattle off rattles off; rattling off; rattled off
If you rattle off something, you say it or do it very quickly and without much effort.

- Asked what English he knew, Mr Semko rattled off `One, two, three'.

- Hendry, playing an afternoon match, rattled off a 6-1 win over the Englishman.

PHR-V
= reel off

rattle on **

rattle on rattles on; rattling on; rattled on
When you say that someone rattles on about something, you mean that they talk about it for a long time in a way that annoys you.

- I heard my mother rattling on and on about the day I get married, what I must wear, how I must act, who I must invite.

- He listened in silence as Niccolini rattled on, emphasizing his remarks with one hand and steering with the other.

PHR-V disapproval
= prattle on

rattle through **

rattle through rattles through; rattling through; rattled through
If you rattle through something, you deal with it quickly in order to finish it. (mainly BRIT)

- She rattled through a translation from Virgil's Aeneid.

PHR-V

rattler

[D.J.:ˈrætlə]

[K.K.:ˈrætlɚ]

n.

嘎声,喋喋不休者,绝顶典型

rattler

rattler rattlers
A rattler is the same as a rattlesnake . (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

rattlesnake

[D.J.:ˈrætlˌsneɪk]

[K.K.:ˈrætl..ˌsnek]

n.

响尾蛇

rattlesnake

rattlesnake rattlesnakes
A rattlesnake is a poisonous American snake which can make a rattling noise with its tail.

- He had been bitten by a rattlesnake.

N-COUNT

ratty

[D.J.:ˈræti]

[K.K.:ˈræti]

adj.

像老鼠的,〈俚〉破烂的,易怒的

ratty

1. ratty rattier rattiest
If someone is ratty , they get angry and irritated easily. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- I had spent too many hours there and was beginning to get a bit ratty and fed up.

ADJ-GRADED
= grumpy irritable

2. ratty rattier rattiest
Ratty clothes and objects are torn or in bad condition, especially because they are old. (AM)

- I towelled myself dry and slipped into my ratty old flannel pyjamas.

ADJ-GRADED

raucous

[D.J.:ˈrɔ:kəs]

[K.K.:ˈrɔkəs]

adj.

粗声的;沙哑的

raucously

adv.

粗声地;沙哑地

raucousness

n.

粗声;沙哑

raucously

adv.

沙哑地,粗声地

raucousness

n.

沙哑声,粗声

raucous *

1. raucous
A raucous sound is loud, harsh, and rather unpleasant.

- They heard a bottle being smashed, then more raucous laughter.

- ...the raucous cries of the sea-birds.

- ...a raucous crowd of 25,000 delirious fans.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. raucously

- They laughed together raucously.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

raucous

adjective Informal

harsh

grating

hoarse

loud

noisy

rough

strident

raunchy

[D.J.:ˈrɔ:ntʃi]

[K.K.:ˈrɔntʃi, ˈrɑn-]

adj.

脏的; 臭的

淫秽的; 色情的

raunchy *

raunchy raunchier raunchiest
If a film, a person, or the way that someone is dressed is raunchy , they are sexually exciting. (INFORMAL)

- ...her raunchy new movie.

- ...bands playing slow raunchy dance tunes.

ADJ-GRADED
= sexy

raunchy

adjective Slang

sexy

coarse

earthy

lusty

sexual

steamy informal

ravage

[D.J.:ˈrævɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈrævɪdʒ]

vt. & vi.

毁坏;蹂躏

劫掠, 抢劫

n.

破坏;蹂躏;坏的结果

ravage *

ravage ravages ravaging ravaged
A town, country, or economy that has been ravaged is one that has been damaged so much that it is almost completely destroyed.

- For two decades the country has been ravaged by civil war and foreign intervention.

- ...the ravaged streets of Sarajevo.

- ...Nicaragua's ravaged economy.

VB: usu passive

ravages

ravages
The ravages of time, war, or the weather are the damaging effects that they have.

- Carol Drinkwater is blessed with a fine bone structure that stands up better to the ravages of time.

- ...a hi-tech grass pitch that can survive the ravages of a cold, wet climate.

N-PLURAL: usu the N of n

ravage

verb

1.

destroy

demolish

despoil

devastate

lay waste

ransack

ruin

spoil

noun

ravages

2.

damage

destruction

devastation

havoc

ruin

ruination

spoliation

rave

[D.J.:reiv]

[K.K.:rev]

vi.

胡言乱语, 愤怒地说, 咆哮, 怒喊

痴心地说

raving

[D.J.:ˈreɪvɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrevɪŋ]

n.

语无伦次

stark raving mad

完全疯掉的；暴怒的

stark raving bonkers

完全疯掉的；暴怒的

rave **

1. rave raves raving raved
If someone raves , they talk in an excited and uncontrolled way.

- She cried and raved for weeks, and people did not know what to do.

- `What is wrong with you, acting like that,' she raved, pacing up and down frantically.

VB

2. rave raves raving raved
If you rave about something, you speak or write about it with great enthusiasm.

- Rachel raved about the new foods she ate while she was there.

- `Such lovely clothes. I'd no idea Milan was so wonderful,' she raved.

VB
= enthuse

3. rave raves
A rave is a big event at which young people dance to electronic music in a large building or in the open air. Raves are often associated with illegal drugs. (BRIT)

- ...an all-night rave at Castle Donington.

N-COUNT

4. rave
Also an adjective.

- Old faces and new talents are making it big on the rave scene.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. rave raves
A rave is the same as a rave review . (INFORMAL)

- The resulting show, `Only the Truth is Funny', has drawn raves from the critics.

N-COUNT
= rave review

raving *

1. raving
You use raving to describe someone who you think is completely mad. (INFORMAL)

- Malcolm looked at her as if she were a raving lunatic.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. raving
Also an adverb.

- I'm afraid Jean-Paul has gone raving mad.

ADV: ADV adj

rave

verb

1.

rant

babble

be delirious

go mad informal

rage

roar

2.

enthuse

be mad about informal

be wild about informal

gush

praise

raving

adjective

mad

crazed

crazy

delirious

hysterical

insane

irrational

wild

raven

[D.J.:ˈreɪvən]

[K.K.:ˈrevən]

n.

渡鸦

adj.

(指头发)乌亮的

ravens

[ˈrævənz]

n.

低质煤

raven *

1. raven ravens
A raven is a large bird with shiny black feathers and a deep harsh call.
N-COUNT

2. raven
Raven hair is black, shiny, and smooth.

- ...a striking woman with long raven hair...

- The picture shows a dreamy, raven-haired young woman.

ADJ

ravenous

[D.J.:ˈrævənəs]

[K.K.:ˈrævənəs]

adj.

极饿的

(指饥饿、渴求等)极度的

ravenously

[D.J.:ˈrævənəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈrævənəslɪ]

adv.

大嚼地;饥饿地

ravenous

1. ravenous
If you are ravenous , you are extremely hungry.

- Amy realized that she had eaten nothing since leaving Bruton Street, and she was ravenous.

- ...a pack of ravenous animals.

ADJ
= starving

2. ravenously

- She began to eat ravenously.

- She emerged looking ravenously hungry.

ADV

ravenous

adjective Informal

starving

famished

starved

raver

[ˈreivə]

n.

说胡话的人,社交场常客

raver

raver ravers
A raver is a young person who has a busy social life and goes to a lot of parties, raves, or nightclubs. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

rave review

rave review rave reviews
When journalists write rave reviews , they praise something such as a play or book in a very enthusiastic way.

- The play received rave reviews from the critics.

N-COUNT: usu pl

ravine

[D.J.:rəˈvi:n]

[K.K.:rəˈvin]

n.

既深又狭、坡度很大的山谷

ravine *

ravine ravines
A ravine is a very deep narrow valley with steep sides.

- The bus is said to have overturned and fallen into a ravine.

N-COUNT
= gorge canyon

ravine

noun

canyon

defile

gorge

gulch U.S.

gully

pass

ravings

ravings
If you describe what someone says or writes as their ravings , you mean that it makes no sense because they are mad or very ill.

- Haig and Robertson saw it as the lunatic ravings of a mad politician.

N-PLURAL: usu the N of n

ravioli

[D.J.:ˌrævi:ˈəʊli:, ˌrɑ:vi:-]

[K.K.:ˌræviˈoli, ˌrɑvi-]

n.

小方饺

ravioli

ravioli raviolis
Ravioli is a type of pasta that is shaped into small squares, filled with minced meat or cheese and served in a sauce.
N-MASS

ravish

[D.J.:ˈrævɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈrævɪʃ]

vt.

使欣喜若狂;使着迷;使心醉

ravishing

[D.J.:ˈrævɪʃɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrævɪʃɪŋ]

adj.

极其美丽的

ravish

ravish ravishes ravishing ravished
If a woman is ravished by a man, she is raped by him. (LITERARY)

- She'll never know how close she came to being dragged off and ravished.

VB: usu passive
= rape

ravishing

1. ravishing
If you describe someone or something as ravishing , you mean that they are very beautiful. (LITERARY)

- She looked ravishing.

- ...driving through the ravishing scenery of Cumbria and Yorkshire.

ADJ-GRADED

2. ravishingly

- The Beaujolais hills are ravishingly pretty.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj

ravish

verb

1.

enchant

captivate

charm

delight

enrapture

entrance

fascinate

spellbind

2.

rape

abuse

force

sexually assault

violate

ravishing

adjective

enchanting

beautiful

bewitching

charming

entrancing

gorgeous

lovely

raw

[D.J.:rɔ:]

[K.K.:rɔ]

adj.

生的, 未煮过的

天然的; 未加工过的

未经过训练的; 没有经验的

刺痛的

rawness

n.

生,无经验

raw ***

1. raw
Raw materials or substances are in their natural state before being processed or used in manufacturing.

- We import raw materials and energy and export mainly industrial products.

- ...two ships carrying raw sugar from Cuba.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. raw
Raw food is food that is eaten uncooked, that has not yet been cooked, or that has not been cooked enough.

- ...a popular dish made of raw fish...

- This versatile vegetable can be eaten raw or cooked.

- Half of it is burned and half of it is raw.

ADJ
≠ cooked

3. raw rawer rawest
If a part of your body is raw , it is red and painful, perhaps because the skin has come off or has been burnt.

- ...the drag of the rope against the raw flesh of my shoulders...

- Her feet hurt and her hands were rubbed raw from unaccustomed work.

ADJ-GRADED

4. raw rawer rawest
Raw emotions are strong basic feelings or responses which are not weakened by other influences.

- ...the raw passions of nationalism...

- Her grief was still raw and he did not know how to help her.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. rawness

- The rawness of his greed was frank and uninhibited.

N-SING

6. raw rawer rawest
If you describe something as raw , you mean that it is simple, powerful, and real.

- ...the raw power of instinct.

- ...the raw vitality of his earlier painting.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

7. rawness

- Recorded almost live, there's a certain seductive rawness about the whole thing.

N-UNCOUNT

8. raw
Raw data is facts or information that has not yet been sorted, analysed, or prepared for use.

- Analyses were conducted on the raw data.

- ...a statistical model that fully adjusts the census's raw figures.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

9. raw rawer rawest
If you describe someone in a new job as raw , or as a raw recruit, you mean that they lack experience in that job.

- ...replacing experienced men with raw recruits...

- Davies is still raw but his potential shows.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= inexperienced ≠ experienced

10. raw rawer rawest
Raw weather feels unpleasantly cold.

- Once they cleared the housetops, the wind was raw and biting.

- ...a raw December morning.

ADJ-GRADED
= bitter

11. raw
Raw sewage is sewage that has not been treated to make it cleaner.

- ...contamination of bathing water by raw sewage.

ADJ: ADJ n
= untreated ≠ treated

12. raw
If you say that you are getting a raw deal , you mean that you are being treated unfairly. (INFORMAL)

- They feel that Quebec is getting a raw deal.

- I think women have a raw deal.

PHR: v PHR
≠ a fair deal

13. raw
You use in the raw to describe something that is in its true state, and has not been made civilized or respectable.

- This is nature in the raw.

- He also wanted to see Bangladesh in the raw.

- It exposes capitalism in the raw.

PHR: n PHR

raw

adjective

1.

uncooked

fresh

natural

2.

unrefined

basic

coarse

crude

natural

rough

unfinished

unprocessed

3.

inexperienced

callow

green

immature

new

4.

chilly

biting

bitter

cold

freezing

parky Brit. informal

piercing

rawhide

[D.J.:ˈrɔ:ˌhaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈrɔˌhaɪd]

n.

生皮;未经加工的皮革

rawhide

rawhide
Rawhide is leather that comes from cattle, and has not been treated or tanned. (AM)

- At his belt he carried a rawhide whip.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

ray

[D.J.:rei]

[K.K.:re]

n.

光束, 光线

射线

微量, 丝毫

ray ***

1. ray rays
Rays of light are narrow beams of light.

- ...the first rays of light spread over the horizon...

- It can be seen clearly in a ray of sunlight or under a lamp.

- The sun's rays can penetrate water up to 10 feet.

N-COUNT
See also cosmic rays , gamma rays , X-ray .

2. ray rays
A ray of hope, comfort, or other positive quality is a small amount of it that you welcome because it makes a bad situation seem less bad.

- They could provide a ray of hope amid the general business and economic gloom.

- The one ray of sunlight in this depressing history is her meeting and falling in love with Martin.

N-COUNT: N of n
= glimmer

3. ray rays
A ray is a fairly large sea fish which has a flat body, eyes on the top of its body, and a long tail.
N-COUNT

ray

noun

beam

bar

flash

gleam

shaft

rayon

[D.J.:ˈreɪɔn]

[K.K.:ˈreɑn]

n.

人造丝;人造纤维丝

rayon

rayon
Rayon is a smooth artificial fabric that is made from cellulose.

- ...the old woman's rayon dress.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

raze

[D.J.:reɪz]

[K.K.:rez]

vt.

彻底摧毁;将… 夷为平地

raze

raze razes razing razed
If buildings, villages or towns are razed or razed to the ground, they are completely destroyed.

- Dozens of villages have been razed.

- Towns such as Mittelwihr and Bennwihr were virtually razed to the ground.

VB: usu passive

raze

verb

destroy

demolish

flatten

knock down

level

pull down

ruin

razor

[D.J.:ˈreizə]

[K.K.:ˈrezɚ]

n.

剃刀, 刮面刀

razor *

razor razors
A razor is a tool that people use for shaving.
N-COUNT

razor blade

razor blade razor blades
A razor blade is a small flat piece of metal with a very sharp edge which is put into a razor and used for shaving.

- ...an adequate supply of towels, soap, razor blades, toothpaste, etc.

- ...a pencil sharpened with a razor blade.

N-COUNT

razor-sharp

[ˈreizəʃɑ:p]

adj.

锋利的,犀利的

razor-sharp

1. razor-sharp
A cutting tool that is razor-sharp is extremely sharp.

- ...a razor sharp butcher's knife.

- ...razor-sharp teeth.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. razor-sharp
If you describe someone or someone's mind as razor-sharp , you mean that they have a very accurate and clear understanding of things.

- ...his razor-sharp intelligence.

ADJ

razor wire

razor wire
Razor wire is strong wire with sharp blades sticking out of it. In wars or civil conflict it is sometimes used to prevent people from entering or leaving buildings or areas of land.

- ...plans to use razor wire to seal off hostels for migrant workers.

N-UNCOUNT

razz

[D.J.:ræz]

[K.K.:ræz]

n.

〈美俚〉嘲弄,戏弄

vt.

冷笑,嘲弄

razz

razz razzes razzing razzed
To razz someone means to tease them, especially in an unkind way. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- Molly was razzing me as usual about my rotten sense of direction.

VB
= rag

razzamatazz

[ˈræzəmətæz]

n.

〈俚〉活力,精力

razzamatazz

razzamatazz
Razzamatazz is the same as razzmatazz . (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

razzle-dazzle

[D.J.:ˈræzlˌdæzl]

[K.K.:ˌræzl..ˈdæzl..]

n.

<俚>哄闹；狂饮喧闹

(娱乐场的)晕旋转台

razzle-dazzle

razzle-dazzle
Razzle-dazzle is the same as razzmatazz .

- ...a razzle-dazzle marketing man.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

razzmatazz

[D.J.:ˈræzmətæz]

[K.K.:ˈræzməˌtæz]

n.

〈俚〉活力,精力

razzmatazz

razzmatazz
Razzmatazz is a noisy and showy display.

- ...the colour and razzmatazz of a US election.

N-UNCOUNT

RC

abbr.

Remote Control 遥控

Roman Catholic 罗马天主教

Reinforced Concrete 钢筋混凝土

资源模板文件扩展名

RC

abbr.

Remote Control 遥控

Roman Catholic 罗马天主教

Reinforced Concrete 钢筋混凝土

资源模板文件扩展名

RC2

资源定义文件，供一些特殊情况下使用

RC **

RC
RC is an abbreviation for Roman Catholic .

- ...St Mary's RC Cathedral.

ADJ The spelling R.C. is also used, especially in American English.

Rd

abbr.

Road 路;街道

Rd

abbr.

Road 路；街道

Rd.

abbr.

Road (in names)…路(用于路名)

Rd **

Rd
Rd is a written abbreviation for road . It is used especially in addresses and on maps or signs.

- St Pancras Library, 100 Euston Rd, London, NW1.

The seplling Rd. is also used, especially in American English.

-rd

-rd
-rd is added to numbers that end in 3, except those ending in 13, in order to form ordinal numbers such as 3rd or 33rd. 3rd is pronounced `third'.

- ...September 3rd 1990.

- ...the 33rd Boston Marathon.

- ...Canada's 123rd birthday.

RDA

abbr.

recommended dietary [daily] allowance 推荐的日摄食量

RDA

abbr.

recommended dietary [daily] allowance 推荐的日摄食量

RDA

RDA RDAs
The RDA of a particular vitamin or mineral is the amount that people need each day to stay healthy. RDA is an abbreviation for `recommended daily amount'.
N-COUNT: usu singular

re

[D.J.:reɪ]

[K.K.:re]

abbr.

=revised edition 修订版

re.

abbr.

reference 参考,参见

regarding 关于

re.

abbr.

reference 参考,参见

regarding 关于

re

re
You use re in business letters, faxes, or other documents to introduce a subject or item which you are going to discuss or refer to in detail.

- Dear Mrs Cox, Re: Household Insurance. We note from our files that we have not yet received your renewal instructions.

= regarding concerning

re

preposition

concerning

about

apropos

regarding

with reference to

with regard to

re-

pref.

表示“又,再”之义

re-

1. re-
Re- is added to verbs and nouns to form new verbs and nouns that refer to the repeating of an action or process. For example, to `re-read' something means to read it again, and someone's `re-election' is their being elected again.
PREFIX

2. re-
Re- is added to verbs and nouns to form new verbs and nouns that refer to a process opposite to one that has already taken place. For example, to `reappear' means to appear after disappearing, and to `regain' something means to gain it after you have lost it.
PREFIX

3. re-
Re- is added to verbs and nouns to form new verbs and nouns which describe a change in the position or state of something. For example, to `relocate' something means to locate it in a different place and to `rearrange' something means to arrange it in a different way.
PREFIX

R.E.

R.E.
R.E. is a school subject in which children learn about religion and other social matters. R.E. is an abbreviation for `religious education'. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

-'re

-'re
're is the usual spoken form of `are'. It is added to the end of the pronoun or noun which is the subject of the verb. For example, `they are' can be shortened to `they're'.

reach

[D.J.:ri:tʃ]

[K.K.:ritʃ]

vt.

到达

联络

vt. & vi.

伸出手臂; 延伸

n.

伸手可及的距离

(江河的)河段

reach *****

1. reach reaches reaching reached
When someone or something reaches a place, they arrive there.

- He did not stop until he reached the door.

- When the bus reached High Holborn, Tony rang the bell and they jumped off together.

- He reached Cambridge shortly before three o'clock.

VB
= get to

2. reach reaches reaching reached
If someone or something has reached a certain stage, level, or amount, they are at that stage, level, or amount.

- The process of political change in South Africa has reached the stage where it is irreversible.

- The Belgian player Eduardo Masso has reached the final of the Dutch Open in Hilversum.

- We're told the figure could reach 100,000 next year.

VB
= get to

3. reach reaches reaching reached
If you reach somewhere, you move your arm and hand to take or touch something.

- Judy reached into her handbag and handed me a small printed leaflet.

- I reached across the table and squeezed his hand.

- One day while he was bathing in a river, he reached up for an overhanging branch.

VB
= stretch

4. reach reaches reaching reached
If you can reach something, you are able to touch it by stretching out your arm or leg.

- Can you reach your toes with your fingertips?

VB

5. reach reaches reaching reached
If you try to reach someone, you try to contact them, usually by telephone.

- Has the doctor told you how to reach him or her in emergencies?.

- If I see her, I'll tell her you've been trying to reach her.

VB
= contact

6. reach reaches reaching reached
If something reaches a place, point, or level, it extends as far as that place, point, or level.

- ...a nightshirt which reached to his knees...

- The water level in Lake Taihu has reached record levels.

- Eventually those ideas should reach the capital city.

VB

7. reach reaches reaching reached
When people reach an agreement or a decision, they succeed in achieving it.

- A meeting of agriculture ministers in Luxembourg today has so far failed to reach agreement over farm subsidies.

- They are meeting in Lusaka in an attempt to reach a compromise.

VB

8. reach
Someone's or something's reach is the distance or limit to which they can stretch, extend, or travel.

- Isabelle placed a wine cup on the table within his reach.

- ...a heavyweight who possesses a longer reach and more strength.

- ...long-handled shears, secateurs and long-reach tree pruners.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N

9. reach
If a place or thing is within reach , it is possible to have it or get to it. If it is out of reach , it is not possible to have it or get to it.

- It is located within reach of many important Norman towns, including Bayeux.

- The clothes they model for Littlewoods are all within easy reach of every woman.

- These products are normally bought and stored carefully out of reach of children.

- The price is ten times what it normally is and totally beyond the reach of ordinary people.

N-UNCOUNT

reaches *

1. reaches
The upper, middle, or lower reaches of a river are parts of a river. The upper reaches are nearer to the river's source and the lower reaches are nearer to the sea into which it flows.

- This year water levels in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze are unusually high.

N-PLURAL: usu the adj N of n

2. reaches
You can refer to the distant or outer parts of a place or area as the far, farthest, or outer reaches . (FORMAL)

- ...the outer reaches of the solar system.

- ...the farthest reaches of Cambodia.

N-PLURAL: usu the adj N of n

3. reaches
You can refer to the higher or lower levels of an organization as its upper or lower reaches . (FORMAL)

- ...the upper reaches of the legal profession.

- ...the lower reaches of the accounting world.

N-PLURAL: usu the adj N of n
= levels echelons

reach

verb

1.

arrive at

attain

get to

make

2.

touch

contact

extend to

grasp

stretch to

3.

contact

communicate with

get hold of

get in touch with

get through to

noun

4.

range

capacity

distance

extension

extent

grasp

influence

power

scope

stretch

react

[D.J.:riˈækt]

[K.K.:riˈækt]

vi.

起反应; 有影响

反对; 对抗

reacting

起反应;反应;反应的

react ***

1. react reacts reacting reacted
When you react to something that has happened to you, you behave in a particular way because of it.

- They reacted violently to the news.

- It's natural to react with disbelief if your child is accused of bullying.

- `How did he react?' --- `Very calmly.'

VB
= respond

2. react reacts reacting reacted
If you react against someone's way of behaving, you deliberately behave in a different way because you do not like the way they behave.

- She reacted against the mindlessness and luxury of their lives.

- My father never saved and perhaps I reacted against that.

VB
= rebel

3. react reacts reacting reacted
If you react to a substance such as a drug, or to something you have touched, you are affected unpleasantly or made ill by it.

- Someone allergic to milk is likely to react to cheese.

- He reacted very badly to the radiation therapy.

VB

4. react reacts reacting reacted
When one chemical substance reacts with another, or when two chemical substances react , they combine chemically to form another substance.

- Calcium reacts with water but less violently than sodium and potassium do.

- Under normal circumstances, these two gases react readily to produce carbon dioxide and water.

V-RECIP

react

verb

1.

respond

answer

reply

2.

act

behave

function

operate

proceed

work

reaction

[D.J.:riˈækʃən]

[K.K.:riˈækʃən]

n.

反应; 回应

反作用力

回复到以前的状态, 倒退

反动

reaction ****

1. reaction reactions
Your reaction to something that has happened or something that you have experienced is what you feel, say, or do because of it.

- Reaction to the visit is mixed.

- The initial reaction of most participants is fear.

- He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong reaction.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= response

2. reaction reactions
A reaction against something is a way of behaving or doing something that is deliberately different from what has been done before.

- All new fashion starts out as a reaction against existing convention.

- Her three years of freedom seemed like a reaction against that childhood.

N-COUNT: N against n

3. reaction
If there is a reaction against something, it becomes unpopular.

- Premature moves in this respect might well provoke a reaction against the reforms.

- The government response seems to be the result of strong public reaction against the police apathy.

N-SING: also no det, N against n

4. reaction reactions
Your reactions are your ability to move quickly in response to something, for example when you are in danger.

- If his reactions are so slow, he shouldn't be in charge of a bus.

- The sport requires very fast reactions.

N-PLURAL: oft poss N
= reflexes

5. reaction
Reaction is the belief that the political or social system of your country should not change.

- Thus, he aided reaction and thwarted progress.

- ...their victory against the forces of reaction and censorship.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

6. reaction reactions
A chemical reaction is a process in which two substances combine together chemically to form another substance.

- Ozone is produced by the reaction between oxygen and ultra-violet light.

- Catalysts are materials which greatly speed up chemical reactions.

N-COUNT

7. reaction reactions
If you have a reaction to a substance such as a drug, or to something you have touched, you are affected unpleasantly or made ill by it.

- Every year, 5000 people have life-threatening reactions to anaesthetics.

- Common foods which cause this kind of reaction are fish, eggs, and shellfish.

N-COUNT: oft adj N to n

reaction

noun

1.

response

answer

reply

2.

recoil

counteraction

3.

conservatism

the right

reactionary

[D.J.:ri:ˈækʃəˌneri:]

[K.K.:riˈækʃəˌnɛri]

adj.

反动的,反动派的;极端保守的

n.

反动分子,反动派

reactionary *

1. reactionary
A reactionary person or group tries to prevent changes in the political or social system of their country.

- It grew ever more clear to everyone that the Minister was too reactionary, too blinkered.

- As long as I have strength, I shall be trying to remove the reactionary forces from the party.

- ...narrow and reactionary ideas about family life.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ radical

2. reactionary reactionaries
A reactionary is someone with reactionary views.

- Critics viewed him as a reactionary, even a monarchist.

N-COUNT
≠ radical

reactionary

adjective

1.

conservative

right-wing

noun

2.

conservative

die-hard

right-winger

reactivate

[D.J.:ri:ˈæktəˌveɪt]

[K.K.:riˈæktəˌvet]

vt.

使恢复活动;重起作用

reactivate

reactivate reactivates reactivating reactivated
If people reactivate a system or organization, they make it work again after a period in which it has not been working.

- The government today is expected to announce a series of economic reforms to reactivate the economy.

- It was also agreed to reactivate two joint committees on negotiations.

VB

reactive

[D.J.:ri:ˈæktɪv]

[K.K.:riˈæktɪv]

adj.

反应的

起反应的

易起化学反应的,活性的

reactive *

1. reactive
Something that is reactive is able to react chemically with a lot of different substances.

- Ozone is a highly reactive form of oxygen gas.

ADJ-GRADED

2. reactive
If someone is reactive , they behave in response to what happens to them, rather than deciding in advance how they want to behave.

- I want our organization to be less reactive and more pro-active.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
≠ proactive

reactor

[D.J.:ri:ˈæktə]

[K.K.:riˈæktɚ]

n.

起反应的人

反应装置

原子炉;核反应堆

reactor **

reactor reactors
A reactor is the same as a nuclear reactor .
N-COUNT

read

[D.J.:ri:d]

[K.K.:rid]

vt. & vi.

读; 看懂, 理解

vt.

显示; 标明

reading

[ˈri:diŋ]

n.

阅读, 读书

读物, 选读

读数, 仪表指示数

read *****

1. read reads reading read
When you read something such as a book or article, you look at and understand the words that are written there.

- Have you read this book?.

- I read about it in the paper.

- He read through the pages slowly and carefully.

- It was nice to read that the Duke will not be sending his son off to boarding school.

- She spends her days reading and watching television.

VB

2. read
Also a noun.

- I settled down to have a good read.

N-SING: a N

3. read reads reading read
When you read a piece of writing to someone, you say the words aloud.

- Jay reads poetry so beautifully.

- I like it when she reads to us.

- I sing to the boys or read them a story before tucking them in.

VB

4. read reads reading read
People who can read have the ability to look at and understand written words.

- He couldn't read or write.

- He could read words at 18 months.

VB

5. read reads reading read
If you can read music, you have the ability to look at and understand the symbols that are used in written music to represent musical sounds.

- Later on I learned how to read music.

VB

6. read reads reading read
You can use read when saying what is written on something or in something. For example, if a notice reads `Entrance', the word `Entrance' is written on it.

- The sign on the bus read `Private: Not In Service'.

VB: no cont

7. read reads reading read
If you refer to how a piece of writing reads , you are referring to its style.

- The book reads like a ballad.

- It reads very awkwardly.

VB

8. read reads
If you say that a book or magazine is a good read , you mean that it is very enjoyable to read.

- Ben Okri's latest novel is a good read.

N-COUNT: adj N

9. read reads reading read
If something is read in a particular way, it is understood or interpreted in that way.

- The play is being widely read as an allegory of imperialist conquest.

- South Africans were praying last night that he has read the situation correctly.

- Now how do you read his remarks on that subject?

VB
= interpret

10. read reads reading read
If you read someone's mind or thoughts, you know exactly what they are thinking without them telling you.

- From behind her, as if he could read her thoughts, Benny said, `You're free to go any time you like, Madame.'

VB

11. read reads reading read
If you can read someone or you can read their gestures, you can understand what they are thinking or feeling by the way they behave or the things they say.

- If you have to work in a team you must learn to read people.

- Under the shaded light her expression was difficult to read.

VB

12. read reads reading read
If someone who is trying to talk to you with a radio transmitter says, `Do you read me?', they are asking you if you can hear them.

- Alpha-Bravo-Zulu 643 to Saltezar, do you read me? Over.

- We read you loud and clear. Over.

VB
= hear

13. read reads reading read
When you read a measuring device, you look at it to see what the figure or measurement on it is.

- When officials like gas and electricity men call to read the meter, ask for identification.

- It is essential that you are able to read a thermometer.

VB

14. read reads reading read
If a measuring device reads a particular amount, it shows that amount.

- The thermometer read 105 degrees Fahrenheit.

- The fuel gauge reads below zero.

VB

15. read reads reading read
If you read a subject at university, you study it. (FORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use major or study )

- She read French and German at Cambridge University.

- He is now reading for a maths degree at Surrey University.

VB
= study

16. read
If you take something as read , you accept it as true or right and therefore feel that it does not need to be discussed or proved.

- We took it as read that he must have been a KGB agent.

- The case for aid to eastern Europe is taken as read.

PHR: V inflects

reading ***

1. reading
Reading is the activity of reading books.

- I have always loved reading.

- ...young people who find reading and writing difficult.

N-UNCOUNT

2. reading readings
A reading is an event at which poetry or extracts from books are read to an audience.

- This year's event consisted of readings, lectures and workshops.

- ...a poetry reading.

N-COUNT

3. reading readings
Your reading of a word, text, or situation is the way in which you understand or interpret it.

- My reading of her character makes me feel that she was too responsible a person to do those things.

- Local public housing authorities disagree with this reading of the law.

N-COUNT: with supp, usu N of n

4. reading readings
The reading on a measuring device is the figure or measurement that it shows.

- Once you have recorded the reading, shake the thermometer down to below 36 degrees.

- The gauge must be giving a faulty reading.

N-COUNT

5. reading readings
In the British Parliament or the US Congress, a reading is one of the three stages of introducing and discussing a new bill before it can be passed as law.

- The bill is expected to pass its second reading with a comfortable majority.

N-COUNT: usu ord N

6. reading
If you say that a book or an article makes interesting reading or makes for interesting reading , you mean that it is interesting to read.

- The list of drinks, a dozen pages long, makes fascinating reading.

- The report, called `Child Poverty and Deprivation in the UK', makes for depressing reading.

PHR: V inflects

read

verb

1.

look at

peruse

pore over

scan

study

2.

interpret

comprehend

construe

decipher

discover

see

understand

3.

register

display

indicate

record

show

reading

noun

1.

perusal

examination

inspection

scrutiny

study

2.

recital

lesson

performance

sermon

3.

interpretation

grasp

impression

version

4.

learning

education

erudition

knowledge

scholarship

read into *****

read into reads into; reading into
If you read a meaning into something, you think it is there although it may not actually be there.

- The addict often misinterprets the signals coming to him, reading disapproval into people's reactions to him even where it does not exist.

- It would be wrong to try to read too much into such a light-hearted production.

PHR-V

read out *****

read out reads out; reading out
If you read out a piece of writing, you say it aloud.

- He's obliged to take his turn at reading out the announcements.

- Shall I read them out?

PHR-V

read up on *****

read up reads up; reading up
If you read up on a subject, you read a lot about it so that you become informed about it.

- I've read up on the dangers of all these drugs.

PHR-V

readable

[D.J.:ˈri:dəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈridəbəl]

adj.

易读的;清晰的

readable *

1. readable
If you say that a book or article is readable , you mean that it is enjoyable and easy to read.

- This is an impeccably researched and very readable book.

ADJ-GRADED

2. readable
A piece of writing that is readable is written or printed clearly and can be read easily.

- My secretary worked long hours translating my almost illegible writing into a typewritten and readable script.

ADJ-GRADED
= legible

readable

adjective

1.

enjoyable

entertaining

enthralling

gripping

interesting

2.

legible

clear

comprehensible

decipherable

reader

[D.J.:ˈri:də]

[K.K.:ˈridɚ]

n.

读者

审稿人, 校对员

初级读物

reader ****

1. reader readers
The readers of a newspaper, magazine, or book are the people who read it.

- If you are a regular reader of Homes & Gardens you will know what an invaluable source of inspiration it is.

- These texts give the reader an insight into the Chinese mind.

N-COUNT

2. reader readers
A reader is a person who reads, especially one who reads for pleasure.

- Thanks to that job I became an avid reader.

- Their books are loved by young readers the world over.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. reader readers
A reader is a person who reads books for a publisher in order to give an opinion on whether they should be published or not.
N-COUNT

4. reader readers
In British universities, a reader is a senior lecturer, with a rank just below that of a professor.

- John Stevenson is Reader in History at the University of Sheffield.

N-COUNT

5. reader readers
In American universities and colleges, a reader is an assistant to a teacher. Readers' duties include reading and marking examination papers and other work.
N-COUNT

6. reader readers
A reader is a book to help children to learn to read, or to help people to learn a foreign language. It contains passages of text, and often exercises to give practice in reading and writing.
N-COUNT

readership

[D.J.:ˈri:dəˌʃɪp]

[K.K.:ˈridɚˌʃɪp]

n.

(报纸杂志拥有者的)读者(数)

readership *

1. readership readerships
The readership of a book, newspaper, or magazine is the number or type of people who read it.

- Its readership has grown to over 15,000 subscribers.

- A new format would alienate its ageing readership without attracting young readers.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

2. readership readerships
In Britain, a readership is the post of a reader at a university.
N-COUNT

readily

[D.J.:ˈredili]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdəli, ˈrɛdli]

adv.

乐意地,欣然,容易地

readily **

1. readily
If you do something readily , you do it in a way which shows that you are very willing to do it.

- I asked her if she would allow me to interview her, and she readily agreed.

- When I was invited to the party, I readily accepted.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= willingly

2. readily
You also use readily to say that something can be done or obtained quickly and easily. For example, if you say that something can be readily understood, you mean that people can understand it quickly and easily.

- The components are readily available in hardware shops.

- I don't readily make friends.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v
= easily

readily

adverb

1.

willingly

eagerly

freely

gladly

promptly

quickly

2.

easily

effortlessly

quickly

smoothly

speedily

unhesitatingly

readiness

[D.J.:ˈredɪnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdɪnɪs]

n.

准备就绪

愿意，乐意

readiness

1. readiness
If someone is very willing to do something, you can talk about their readiness to do it.

- ...their readiness to co-operate with the new US envoy.

N-UNCOUNT

2. readiness
If you do something in readiness for a future event, you do it so that you are prepared for that event.

- Security tightened in the capital in readiness for the president's arrival.

N-UNCOUNT: usu in N

readiness

noun

1.

willingness

eagerness

keenness

2.

ease

adroitness

dexterity

facility

promptness

reading glasses

reading glasses
Reading glasses are glasses that are worn by people, for example when they are reading, because they cannot see things close to them very well.
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

reading lamp

reading lamp reading lamps
A reading lamp is a small lamp that you keep on a desk or table. You can move part of it in order to direct the light to where you need it for reading.
N-COUNT

reading room

reading room reading rooms
A reading room is a quiet room in a library or museum where you can read and study.
N-COUNT

readjust

[D.J.:ˌri:əˈdʒʌst]

[K.K.:ˌriəˈdʒʌst]

vt. & vi.

再整理,再调整

readjustment

n.

readjustment

[ri:əˈdʒʌstmənt]

n.

再调整,重新整理

readjust

1. readjust readjusts readjusting readjusted
When you readjust to a new situation, usually one you have been in before, you adapt to it.

- I can understand why astronauts find it difficult to readjust to life on earth.

- They are bound to take time to readjust after a holiday.

VB

2. readjust readjusts readjusting readjusted
If you readjust the level of something, your attitude to something, or the way you do something, you change it to make it more effective or appropriate.

- The rebel army has readjusted its strategy.

- In the end you have to readjust your expectations.

- We are simply going to readjust her medication and see how things are.

VB

3. readjust readjusts readjusting readjusted
If you readjust something such as a piece of clothing or a mechanical device, you correct or alter its position or setting.

- Michael groaned and readjusted his shorts.

- Readjust your watch. You are now on Moscow time.

VB

readjustment

1. readjustment readjustments
Readjustment is the process of adapting to a new situation, usually one that you have been in before.

- The next few weeks will be a period of readjustment, and will probably not be easy.

- The readjustment to peace and home is slow and painful.

N-VAR: usu with supp

2. readjustment readjustments
A readjustment of something is a change that you make to it so that it is more effective or appropriate.

- The organization denies that it is seeking any readjustment of state borders.

- ...the effects of economic readjustment.

N-VAR: usu with supp

readout

[D.J.:ˈri:daut]

[K.K.:ˈridˌaʊt]

n.

读出器,读出

readout

readout readouts
If an electronic measuring device gives you a readout , it displays information about the level of something such as a speed, height, or sound.

- The system provides a digital readout of the vehicle's speed.

- The visibility readout is .019.

N-COUNT

ready

[D.J.:ˈredi]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdi]

adj.

准备就绪的

乐意的, 情愿的

(思维)敏捷的

ready ****

1. ready
If someone is ready , they are properly prepared for something. If something is ready , it has been properly prepared and is now able to be used.

- It took her a long time to get ready for church.

- The cocaine was ready for distribution.

- Are you ready to board, Mr. Daly?.

- In a few days time the sprouts will be ready to eat.

- Tomorrow he would tell his pilot to get the aircraft ready.

- It's eight-fifteen, dear, and your breakfast's ready.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ for n, ADJ to-inf

2. ready
If you are ready for something or ready to do something, you have enough experience to do it or you are old enough and sensible enough to do it.

- She says she's not ready for marriage.

- You'll have no trouble getting him into a normal school when you feel he's ready to go.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ for n, ADJ to-inf

3. ready readier readiest
If you are ready to do something, you are willing to do it.

- They were ready to die for their beliefs.

- She was always ready to give interviews.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to-inf
= willing

4. ready
If you are ready for something, you need it or want it.

- I don't know about you, but I'm ready for bed.

- After five days in the heat of Bangkok, we were ready for the beach.

ADJ: v-link ADJ for n

5. ready
To be ready to do something means to be about to do it or likely to do it.

- She looked ready to cry.

- Just as we were ready to sit down to dinner, a little boy came running in.

- He says it's like a volcano ready to erupt.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to-inf

6. ready readier readiest
You use ready to describe things that are able to be used very quickly and easily.

- I didn't have a ready answer for this dilemma.

- `But not quite yet,' he says quickly, with that ready smile of his.

- Why does German industry enjoy such a ready supply of well-trained and well-motivated workers?

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

7. ready
Ready money is in the form of notes and coins rather than cheques or credit cards, and so it can be used immediately.

- I'm afraid I don't have enough ready cash, but I'll call a colleague from another store.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. ready readies
Ready money is sometimes referred to as the readies . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She was a bit short of the readies.

N-PLURAL: usu the N

9. ready readies readying readied
When you ready something, you prepare it for a particular purpose. (FORMAL)

- John's soldiers were readying themselves for the final assault.

- In Egypt, two new camps were readied for the absorption of refugees.

- Cameramen readied tripods.

VB
= prepare

10. ready
Ready combines with past participles to indicate that something has already been done, and that therefore you do not have to do it yourself.

- You can buy ready-printed forms for wills at stationery shops.

- If you buy the fish ready filleted, make sure the flesh is firm and springy.

COMB in ADJ

11. ready
If you have something at the ready , you have it in a position where it can be quickly and easily used.

- Soldiers came charging through the forest, guns at the ready.

PHR: usu n PHR

12. ready
If you want to emphasize that a person is properly prepared for something, or that something can now be used, you can say that they are ready and waiting .

- She liked to be ready and waiting at home when Bernard returned from work.

- The chalet was kept ready and waiting for them at all times.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

13. ready
If you say to someone ` Ready when you are ', you are telling them that you are now ready to do something and that as soon as they are ready, you will do it.

- `Are you ready to pull out?' --- `I'm ready when you are, Captain.'

CONVENTION

ready

adjective

1.

prepared

arranged

fit

organized

primed

ripe

set

2.

willing

agreeable

disposed

eager

glad

happy

inclined

keen

prone

3.

prompt

alert

bright

clever

intelligent

keen

perceptive

quick

sharp

smart

4.

available

accessible

convenient

handy

near

present

ready-made

[D.J.:ˌredi:ˈmeɪd]

[K.K.:ˌrɛdiˈmed]

adj.

现成的,做好的,平凡的,陈旧的

ready-made *

1. ready-made
If something that you buy is ready-made , you can use it immediately, because the work you would normally have to do has already been done.

- We rely quite a bit on ready-made meals -- they are so convenient.

- You can buy it ready-made at Chinese groceries.

- The ready-made bedcovers cost from £200.

ADJ

2. ready-made
Ready-made means extremely convenient or useful for a particular purpose.

- Those wishing to study urban development have a ready-made example on their doorstep.

- It provides perfect strangers with a ready-made and infinitely adaptable topic of conversation.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

ready meal

ready meal ready meals
Ready meals are complete meals that are sold in shops. They are already prepared and you need only heat them before eating them.
N-COUNT

ready-to-wear

[D.J.:ˈredi:təˈweə]

[K.K.:ˈrɛditəˈwɛr]

adj.

现成的,做好的

ready-to-wear

ready-to-wear
Ready-to-wear clothes are made in standard sizes so that they fit most people, rather than being made specially for a particular person.

- In 1978 he launched his first major ready-to-wear collection for the Austin Reed stores.

ADJ: ADJ n
= off-the-peg

reaffirm

[D.J.:ˌri:əˈfɜ:m]

[K.K.:ˌriəˈfə..m]

vt.

重申;再确认

reaffirm *

reaffirm reaffirms reaffirming reaffirmed
If you reaffirm something, you state it again clearly and firmly. (FORMAL)

- He reaffirmed his commitment to the country's economic reform programme.

- The government has reaffirmed that it will take any steps necessary to maintain law and order.

VB

reafforestation

n.

重新植林

reafforestation

reafforestation
Reafforestation is the same as reforestation . (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

reagent

[D.J.:ri:ˈeɪdʒənt]

[K.K.:riˈedʒənt]

n.

反应物,试剂

reagent

reagent reagents
A reagent is a substance that is used to cause a chemical reaction. Reagents are often used in order to indicate the presence of another substance. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

real

[D.J.:riəl]

[K.K.:ˈriəl, ril]

adj.

真的

真实的; 现实的

adv.

非常

real *****

1. real
Something that is real actually exists and is not imagined, invented, or theoretical.

- No, it wasn't a dream. It was real.

- Legends grew up around a great many figures, both real and fictitious.

ADJ
= genuine ≠ imaginary

2. real
If something is real to someone, they experience it as though it really exists or happens, even though it does not.

- Whitechild's life becomes increasingly real to the reader.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n

3. real
A material or object that is real is natural or functioning, and not artificial or an imitation.

- ...the smell of real leather...

- Who's to know if they're real guns or not?.

- Desmond did not believe the diamond was real.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= genuine ≠ fake imitation

4. real
You can use real to describe someone or something that has all the characteristics or qualities that such a person or thing typically has.

- ...his first real girlfriend...

- He's not a real alcoholic.

- The only real job I'd ever had was as manager of the local cafe.

ADJ: ADJ n
= proper

5. real
You can use real to describe something that is the true or original thing of its kind, in contrast to one that someone wants you to believe is true.

- This was the real reason for her call.

- Her real name had been Miriam Pinckus.

ADJ: ADJ n
= true

6. real
You can use real to describe something that is the most important or typical part of a thing.

- When he talks, he only gives glimpses of his real self.

- The smart executive has people he can trust doing all the real work.

- ...a solo journey to discover the real America.

ADJ: ADJ n
= true

7. real
You can use real when you are talking about a situation or feeling to emphasize that it exists and is important or serious.

- Global warming is a real problem.

- The prospect of civil war is very real.

- There was never any real danger of the children being affected.

- Political defeat seemed a real possibility at the end of 1981.

- At least they have a real chance to find work.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n emphasis

8. real
You can use real to emphasize a quality that is genuine and sincere.

- You've been drifting from job to job without any real commitment.

- Germany has shown real determination to come to terms with the anti-Semitism of its past.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n emphasis

9. real
You can use real before nouns to emphasize your description of something or someone. (mainly SPOKEN)

- `It's a fabulous deal, a real bargain.'.

- `You must think I'm a real idiot.'

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

10. real
The real cost or value of something is its cost or value after other amounts have been added or subtracted and when factors such as the level of inflation have been considered.

- ...the real cost of borrowing.

ADJ: ADJ n
= actual net

11. real
You can also talk about the cost or value of something in real terms .

- In real terms the cost of driving is cheaper than a decade ago.

- Pensions have increased in real terms over the last twenty years.

PHR: PHR with cl

12. real
You can use real to emphasize an adjective or adverb. (AM, INFORMAL)

- He is finding prison life `real tough'.

- I don't think you are trying real hard.

ADV: ADV adj/adv emphasis
= really

13. real
If you say that someone does something for real , you mean that they actually do it and do not just pretend to do it.

- The sex scenes were just good acting. We didn't do it for real.

PHR: usu PHR after v

14. real
If you think that someone or something is very surprising, you can ask if they are for real . (AM, INFORMAL)

- Is this guy for real?

PHR: v-link PHR

15. real
If you say that a thing or event is the real thing , you mean that it is the thing or event itself, rather than an imitation or copy.

- The counterfeits sell for about $20 less than the real thing.

- The Blairgowrie Highland Games, on the other hand, are the real thing rather than a media event.

PHR

real

adjective

genuine

actual

authentic

factual

rightful

sincere

true

unfeigned

valid

real ale

real ale real ales
Real ale is beer which is stored in a barrel and is pumped from it without the use of carbon dioxide. (mainly BRIT)
N-MASS

real estate **

1. real estate
Real estate is property in the form of land and buildings, rather than personal possessions. (mainly AM)

- By investing in real estate, he was one of the richest men in the United States.

- ...the most spectacular piece of real estate he had ever imagined.

N-UNCOUNT
= property

2. real estate
Real estate businesses or real estate agents sell houses, buildings, and land. (AM; in BRIT use estate agency or estate agents )

- ...the real estate agent who sold you your house.

- ...the real estate industry...

- He had a long career in real estate.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

realign

[D.J.:ˌriəˈlain]

[K.K.:ˌriəˈlaɪn]

v.

重新排列,再结盟

realigning

重新定线

realign

1. realign realigns realigning realigned
If you realign your ideas, policies, or plans, you organize them in a different way in order to take account of new circumstances.

- She has, almost single-handedly, realigned British politics.

VB
= restructure

2. realign realigns realigning realigned
If you realign objects, you move some or all of them in order to make them into a particular pattern.

- I turned aside to realign the photographs of my children on the shelf.

VB
= re-position

realignment

[ˌri:əˈlainmənt]

n.

重新排列,再结盟

realignment *

realignment realignments
If a company, economy, or system goes through a realignment , it is organized or arranged in a new way.

- ...a realignment of the existing political structure.

N-VAR: usu N of n
= restructuring

realism

[D.J.:ˈri:əˌlɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈriəˌlɪzəm]

n.

现实主义的态度和行为

(文艺的)现实主义,写实主义

<哲>唯实论;实在论

realism *

1. realism
When people show realism in their behaviour, they recognize and accept the true nature of a situation and try to deal with it in a practical way.

- It was time now to show more political realism.

- The early ambitions of youthful enthusiasm soon become tempered with realism.

N-UNCOUNT approval

2. realism
If things and people are presented with realism in paintings, stories, or films, they are presented in a way that is like real life.

- Greene's stories had an edge of realism that made it easy to forget they were fiction.

- Sincere performances and gritty Boston settings add to the film's realism.

N-UNCOUNT approval

realist

[D.J.:ˈri:əlɪst]

[K.K.:ˈriəlɪst]

n.

现实主义者,写实主义者

realist *

1. realist realists
A realist is someone who recognizes and accepts the true nature of a situation and tries to deal with it in a practical way.

- I see myself not as a cynic but as a realist.

- Realists would agree with many of these criticisms.

N-COUNT approval

2. realist
A realist painter or writer is one who represents things and people in a way that is like real life.

- ...perhaps the foremost realist painter of our times.

ADJ: ADJ n

realistic

[D.J.:ˌriəˈlistik]

[K.K.:ˌriəˈlɪstɪk]

adj.

现实的, 实际可行的; 现实主义的

realistically

[D.J.:ˌrɪəˈlɪstɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌrɪəˈlɪstɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

现实地;实际地

写实地;逼真地

realistic **

1. realistic
If you are realistic about a situation, you recognize and accept its true nature and try to deal with it in a practical way.

- Police have to be realistic about violent crime.

- It's only realistic to acknowledge that something, some time, will go wrong.

- ...a realistic view of what we can afford.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n, it v-link ADJ to-inf

2. realistically

- As an adult, you can assess the situation realistically.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. realistic
Something such as a goal or target that is realistic is one which you can sensibly expect to achieve.

- Is EC membership a realistic goal for Eastern European countries?.

- A more realistic figure is eleven million.

- Establish deadlines that are more realistic.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= sensible

4. realistic
You say that a painting, story, or film is realistic when the people and things in it are like people and things in real life.

- ...extraordinarily realistic paintings of Indians...

- The language is foul and the violence horribly realistic.

ADJ-GRADED

5. realistically

- The film starts off realistically and then develops into a ridiculous fantasy.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

realistically *

realistically
You use realistically when you want to emphasize that what you are saying is true, even though you would prefer it not to be true.

- Realistically, there is never one right answer.

ADV: ADV with cl emphasis
= frankly

See also realistic .

realistic

adjective

1.

practical

common-sense

down-to-earth

level-headed

matter-of-fact

real

sensible

2.

lifelike

authentic

faithful

genuine

natural

true

true to life

reality

[D.J.:riˈæliti]

[K.K.:riˈælɪti]

n.

现实, 实际

真实的事物

reality ****

1. reality
You use reality to refer to real things or the real nature of things rather than imagined, invented, or theoretical ideas.

- Fiction and reality were increasingly blurred.

- Psychiatrists become too caught up in their theories to deal adequately with reality.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ fiction

See also virtual reality .

2. reality realities
The reality of a situation is the truth about it, especially when it is unpleasant or difficult to deal with.

- ...the harsh reality of top international competition...

- Other psychoanalysts do accept the reality of child sexual abuse.

N-COUNT: usu the N of n

3. reality
You say that something has become a reality when it actually exists or is actually happening.

- ...the whole procedure that made this book become a reality...

- The reality is that they are poor.

N-SING

4. reality
You can use in reality to introduce a statement about the real nature of something, when it contrasts with something incorrect that has just been described.

- He came across as streetwise, but in reality he was not.

PHR: PHR with cl
= in fact

reality

noun

truth

actuality

fact

realism

validity

verity

realizable

[ˈriəlaizəbl]

adj.

可实现的,可实行的,可了解的

realizable

1. realizable
If your hopes or aims are realizable , there is a possibility that the things that you want to happen will happen. (FORMAL)

- ...the reasonless assumption that one's dreams and desires were realizable.

ADJ (BRIT) also realisable
= attainable

2. realizable
Realizable wealth is money that can be easily obtained by selling something. (TECHNICAL)

- In many cases this realizable wealth is not realized during the lifetime of the home owner.

- They must prove they own £250,000 of realisable assets.

ADJ (BRIT) also realisable

realization

[D.J.:ˌri:əlɪˈzeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌriəlɪˈzeʃən]

n.

认识, 领会

实现

realize

[D.J.:ˈriəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈriəˌlaɪz]

vt.

实现

了解; 认识到

vt. & vi.

变卖; 赚得

realizing

[ˈriəlaiziŋ]

adj.

明确无误的,清晰生动的

realize ****

1. realize realizes realizing realized
If you realize that something is true, you become aware of that fact or understand it.

- As soon as we realised something was wrong, we moved the children away.

- People don't realize how serious this recession has actually been.

- Once they realised their mistake the phone was reconnected again.

- `That's my brother.' --- `Oh, I hadn't realized.'

VB (BRIT) also realise

2. realization realizations.

- There is now a growing realisation that things cannot go on like this for much longer.

- He nearly cried out at the sudden realization of how much Randall looked like him.

N-VAR: usu N that, N of n

3. realize realizes realizing realized
If your hopes, desires, or fears are realized , the things that you hope for, desire, or fear actually happen.

- Straightaway our worst fears were realised.

- Those are our hopes; we are starting this clinical trial to investigate whether those hopes will be realised.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also realise

4. realization

- In Kravis's venomous tone he recognized the realization of his worst fears.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

5. realize realizes realizing realized
When someone realizes a design or an idea, they make or organize something based on that design or idea. (FORMAL)

- Various textile techniques will be explored to realise design possibilities.

- The kaleidoscopic quality of the book is brilliantly realised on stage.

VB (BRIT) also realise

6. realize realizes realizing realized
If someone or something realizes their potential, they do everything they are capable of doing, because they have been given the opportunity to do so.

- The support systems to enable women to realize their potential at work are seriously inadequate.

- I think probably that the laser has not realised the potential that was expected of it in that domain.

VB (BRIT) also realise
= achieve

7. realize realizes realizing realized
If something realizes a particular amount of money when it is sold, that amount of money is paid for it. (TECHNICAL)

- A selection of correspondence from P G Wodehouse realised £1,232.

VB (BRIT) also realise
= make raise

8. realization

- I have taken this course solely to assist the realisation of my assets for the benefit of all my creditors.

N-VAR

realization

noun

1.

awareness

cognizance

comprehension

conception

grasp

perception

recognition

understanding

2.

achievement

accomplishment

fulfilment

realize

verb

1.

become aware of

comprehend

get the message

grasp

take in

understand

2.

achieve

accomplish

carry out or through

complete

do

effect

fulfil

perform

real life **

1. real life
If something happens in real life , it actually happens and is not just in a story or in someone's imagination.

- In real life men like Richard Gere don't marry street girls.

- Children use fantasy to explore worrying aspects of real life.

N-UNCOUNT: usu in N
≠ fiction fantasy

2. real life
Also an adjective.

- ...a real-life horror story.

ADJ: ADJ n

reallocate

[ri:ˈæləkeit]

v.

再分配,再指派

reallocate

reallocate reallocates reallocating reallocated
When organizations reallocate money or resources, they decide to change the way they spend the money or use the resources.

- ...a cost-cutting program to reallocate people and resources within the company...

- Other areas are to lose aid so that money can be reallocated to towns devastated by pit closures.

VB
= redistribute

really

[D.J.:ˈriəli]

[K.K.:ˈriəˌli, ˈrili]

adv.

真正地; 确实地; 实际上

很, 十分, 全然

really *****

1. really
You can use really to emphasize a statement. (SPOKEN)

- I'm very sorry. I really am.

- It really is best to manage without any medication if you possibly can.

- I really do feel that some people are being unfair.

- You know, we really ought to get another car.

- I'm fine, really I'm fine.

ADV: usu ADV with v emphasis

2. really
You can use really to emphasize an adjective or adverb.

- It was really good.

- They were really nice people.

- I know her really well.

ADV: ADV adj/adv emphasis
= very

3. really
You use really when you are discussing the real facts about something, in contrast to the ones someone wants you to believe.

- My father didn't really love her.

- What was really going on?.

- You make them feel that it was their decision when it wasn't really.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

4. really
People use really in questions and negative statements when they want you to answer `no'.

- Do you really think he would be that stupid?.

- You can't really expect me to believe you didn't know him.

ADV: ADV before v emphasis
= honestly actually

5. really
If you refer to a time when something really begins to happen, you are emphasizing that it starts to happen at that time to a much greater extent and much more seriously than before.

- That's when the pressure really started.

- He only really started going out with girls at college.

ADV: ADV before v emphasis

6. really
People sometimes use the word really to slightly reduce the force of a negative statement. (SPOKEN)

- I'm not really surprised.

- `Did they hurt you?' --- `Not really'.

- I didn't really notice what I was eating.

- I don't think that's very fair really.

ADV: ADV after neg, usu ADV with v, also ADV with cl vagueness

7. really
People sometimes add really to statements in order to make them less definite and more uncertain. (SPOKEN)

- She is a quiet girl really.

- I'm happy most of the time, really.

ADV: ADV with cl vagueness

8. really
People use the word really to show that they are surprised or that the person they are speaking to may be surprised about something. (mainly BRIT, SPOKEN)

- Actually it was quite good really.

- I was really rather fond of Arthur.

ADV: ADV with cl feelings

9. really
You can say really to express surprise or disbelief at what someone has said. (SPOKEN)

- `We discovered it was totally the wrong decision.' --- `Really?'.

- `We saw a very bright shooting star.' --- `Did you really?'

CONVENTION feelings

10. really
You can say ` really ' in a conversation to show that you are interested in what someone is saying.

- `We had a very interesting chat.' --- `Really? About what?'

CONVENTION

11. really
Some people say really when they are slightly annoyed or offended by something. (BRIT, SPOKEN)

- Really, Mr Riss, I expected better of you.

EXCLAM feelings

really

adverb

truly

actually

certainly

genuinely

in actuality

indeed

in fact

positively

surely

realm

[D.J.:relm]

[K.K.:rɛlm]

n.

领域; 范围

王国, 国度

realm **

1. realm realms
You can use realm to refer to any area of activity, interest, or thought. (FORMAL)

- ...the realm of politics...

- Students' interests are mostly limited to the academic realm.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n, adj N

2. realm realms
A realm is a country that has a king or queen. (FORMAL)

- Defence of the realm is crucial.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. realm
If you say that something is not beyond the realms of possibility , you mean that it is possible.

- A fall of 50 per cent or more on prices is not beyond the realms of possibility.

- This is a target which is surely within the realm of possibility.

PHR: realm inflects, v-link prep PHR

realm

noun

1.

kingdom

country

domain

dominion

empire

land

2.

sphere

area

branch

department

field

province

territory

world

real property

real property
Real property is property in the form of land and buildings, rather than personal possessions. (AM)
N-UNCOUNT
= real estate

real time

real time
If something is done in real time , there is no noticeable delay between the action and its effect or consequence.

- ...umpires, who have to make every decision in real time.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N

real-time

[D.J.:ˈri:əlˌtaɪm, ˈri:l-]

[K.K.:ˈriəlˌtaɪm, ˈril-]

adj.

(计算机)即时处理的；实时的

real-time

real-time
Real-time processing is a type of computer programming or data processing in which the information received is processed by the computer almost immediately.

- ...real-time language translations.

ADJ: ADJ n

Realtor

Realtor Realtors
A Realtor is a person whose job is to sell houses, buildings, and land, and who is a member of the National Association of Realtors. (TRADEMARK) (AM; in BRIT use estate agent )
N-COUNT also realtor .

real world **

real world
If you talk about the real world , you are referring to the world and life in general, in contrast to a particular person's own life, experience, and ideas, which may seem untypical and unrealistic.

- When they eventually leave the school they will be totally ill-equipped to deal with the real world.

- I was Olympic champion but I had to go out into the real world and work for a living.

N-SING: the N

ream

[D.J.:ri:m]

[K.K.:rim]

n.

令(纸张的计数单位)

许多(文字)

ream *

ream reams
If you say that there are reams of paper or reams of writing, you mean that there are large amounts of it. (INFORMAL)

- Their specific task is to sort through the reams of information and try to determine what it may mean.

- Kelly spent three hours going through reams of paper.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu N of n

reap

[D.J.:ri:p]

[K.K.:rip]

vt. & vi.

收割庄稼; 收获

vt.

(因自己或他人所为)获得(某事物)

reaping

v.

收割

reap *

1. reap reaps reaping reaped
If you reap the benefits or the rewards of something, you enjoy the good things that happen as a result of it.

- You'll soon begin to reap the benefits of being fitter.

- We are not in this to reap immense financial rewards.

VB

2. reap reaps reaping reaped
To reap crops means to cut them down and gather them.

- The painting depicted a group of peasants reaping a harvest of fruits and vegetables.

VB

reap

verb

1.

collect

bring in

cut

garner

gather

harvest

2.

obtain

acquire

derive

gain

get

reaper

[D.J.:ˈri:pə]

[K.K.:ˈripɚ]

n.

收割者;收获者

收割机

reaper

reaper reapers
A reaper is a machine used to cut and gather crops.
N-COUNT
See also Grim Reaper .

reappear

[D.J.:ˌri:əˈpiə]

vi.

再(出)现

reappear *

reappear reappears reappearing reappeared
When people or things reappear , they return again after they have been away or out of sight for some time.

- Thirty seconds later she reappeared and beckoned them forward.

VB

reappearance

n.

再现

reappearance

reappearance reappearances
The reappearance of someone or something is their return after they have been away or out of sight for some time.

- His sudden reappearance must have been a shock.

- ...the reappearance of Cossack culture in Russia.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

reappraisal

[D.J.:ˌri:əˈpreɪzəl]

[K.K.:ˌriəˈprezəl]

n.

再评价

reappraisal

reappraisal reappraisals
If there is a reappraisal of something such as an idea or plan, people think about the idea carefully and decide whether they want to change it. (FORMAL)

- Britain's worst jail riot will force a fundamental reappraisal of prison policy.

- It is a time for quiet analysis and reappraisal.

N-VAR
= review reassessment

reappraise

[D.J.:ˈri:əˈpreiz]

[K.K.:ˌriəˈprez]

vt.

重新评估,重新评价

reappraise

reappraise reappraises reappraising reappraised
If you reappraise something such as an idea or a plan, you think carefully about it and decide whether it needs to be changed. (FORMAL)

- It did not persuade them to abandon the war but it did force them to reappraise their strategy.

VB
= rethink

rear

[D.J.:riə]

[K.K.:rɪr]

vt.

饲养; 养育

vt. & vi.

抬起

n.

后部, 背

臀部

rearing

(盘类制品竖着装窑)竖码

rear ***

1. rear
The rear of something such as a building or vehicle is the back part of it.

- He settled back in the rear of the taxi.

- ...a stairway in the rear of the building.

N-SING: the N, usu N of n
= back ≠ front

2. rear
Also an adjective.

- Manufacturers have been obliged to fit rear seat belts in all new cars.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. rear
If you are at the rear of a moving line of people, you are the last person in it. (FORMAL)

- Musicians played at the front and rear of the procession.

- The Lord Mayor follows at the rear in his gilded coach.

N-SING: the N, usu N of n
= back ≠ front

4. rear rears
Your rear is the part of your body that you sit on. (INFORMAL)

- I turned away from the phone to see Lewis pat a waitress on her rear.

N-COUNT: usu poss N
= behind buttocks

5. rear rears rearing reared
If you rear children, you look after them until they are old enough to look after themselves.

- She reared sixteen children, six her own and ten her husband's.

- I was reared in east Texas.

VB
= bring up raise

6. rear rears rearing reared
If you rear a young animal, you keep and look after it until it is old enough to be used for work or food, or until it can look after itself. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use raise )

- She spends a lot of time rearing animals.

VB

7. rear rears rearing reared
When a horse rears , it moves the front part of its body upwards, so that its front legs are high in the air and it is standing on its back legs.

- The horse reared and threw off its rider.

VB

8. rear up rears up; rearing up; reared up
Rear up means the same as rear .

- ...an army pony that didn't rear up at the sound of gunfire.

PHR-V

9. rear rears rearing reared
If you say that something such as a building or mountain rears above you, you mean that is very tall and close to you.

- The exhibition hall reared above me behind a high fence.

- The mountains reared up on each side, steep and white.

VB
= loom

10. rear
If a person or vehicle is bringing up the rear , they are the last person or vehicle in a moving line of them.

- ...police motorcyclists bringing up the rear of the procession.

PHR: V inflects

11. rear
If something unpleasant rears its head or rears its ugly head , it becomes visible or noticeable.

- The threat of strikes reared its head again this summer.

- The extreme right reared its ugly head in the 1980s.

PHR: V and N inflect

rear

noun

1.

back

end

rearguard

stern

tail

tail end

adjective

2.

back

following

hind

last

rear

verb

1.

bring up

breed

educate

foster

nurture

raise

train

2.

rise

loom

soar

tower

Rear Admiral

Rear Admiral Rear Admirals
Rear Admiral is a rank in the navy. It is the rank below Vice Admiral .

- ...Rear Admiral Douglas Cap, commander of the USS America.

N-TITLE; N-COUNT

rear-end

[D.J.:ˌriərˈend]

[K.K.:ˈrɪrˈɛnd]

adj.

在尾端的

rear-end

rear-end rear-ends rear-ending rear-ended
If a driver or vehicle rear-ends the vehicle in front, they crash into the back of it. (INFORMAL)

- A few days earlier somebody had rear-ended him.

VB

rearguard

[D.J.:ˈrɪəˌgɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈrɪrˌɡɑrd]

n.

后卫

rearguard

1. rearguard
In a battle, the rearguard is a group of soldiers who protect the back part of an army, especially when the army is leaving the battle.
N-SING: the N

2. rearguard
If someone is fighting a rearguard action or mounting a rearguard action , they are trying very hard to prevent something from happening, even though it is probably too late for them to succeed. (JOURNALISM)

- Mr Urban looks increasingly like someone fighting a rearguard action to keep their job.

PHR: V inflects

rearm

[D.J.:ri:ˈɑ:m]

[K.K.:riˈɑrm]

vt. & vi.

再武装;改善(…的)装备

rearming

重新装备;重新装定

rearm

rearm rearms rearming rearmed
If a country rearms or is rearmed , it starts to build up a new stock of military weapons.

- They neglected to rearm in time and left Britain exposed to disaster.

- ...NATO's decision to rearm West Germany.

V-ERG also re-arm .

rearmament

n.

重整军备,改良装备

rearmament

rearmament
Rearmament is the process of building up a new stock of military weapons.
N-UNCOUNT

rearrange

[D.J.:ˌri:əˈreɪndʒ]

[K.K.:ˌriəˈrendʒ]

vt.

重新安排, 重新布置

改变既定的(计划等)

rearrange the deckchairs on the Titanic

做无用功，于事无补(就像重新摆放泰坦尼克号上的甲板躺椅一样)

rearrange *

1. rearrange rearranges rearranging rearranged
If you rearrange things, you change the way in which they are organized or ordered.

- When she returned, she found Malcolm had rearranged all her furniture.

- A waiter was rapidly rearranging tables for the big group.

VB

2. rearrange rearranges rearranging rearranged
If you rearrange a meeting or an appointment, you arrange for it to take place at a different time to that originally intended.

- You may cancel or rearrange the appointment.

- The meeting on 31 October is rearranged for 30 January.

VB
= reschedule

rearrangement

[ˌri:əˈreindʒmənt]

n.

重新整理

rearrangement

rearrangement rearrangements
A rearrangement is a change in the way that something is arranged or organized.

- ...a rearrangement of the job structure.

N-VAR

rear-view mirror

rear-view mirror rear-view mirrors
Inside a car, the rear-view mirror is the mirror that enables you to see the traffic behind when you are driving.
N-COUNT also rearview mirror

rearward

[D.J.:ˈriəwəd]

[K.K.:ˈrɪrwəd]

adv.

在后面,向后面

n.

后面,后部

adj.

向后方的

rearward

1. rearward
If something moves or faces rearward , it moves or faces backwards.

- ...a rearward facing infant carrier...

- The centre of pressure moves rearward and the aeroplane becomes unbalanced.

ADV: ADV with v
= backward ≠ forward

2. rearward
Also an adjective.

- ...the rearward window.

ADJ: ADJ n

reason

[D.J.:ˈri:zən]

[K.K.:ˈrizən]

n.

理由; 原因

理性, 理智

vt. & vi.

推理; 思考

争辩

reasoned

[ˈri:zənd]

adj.

合乎逻辑的; 经过周密思考的

reasoning

[D.J.:ˈri:zənɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrizənɪŋ]

n.

运用思考、理解、推想等能力的做法或过程;推理

reason *****

1. reason reasons
The reason for something is a fact or situation which explains why it happens or what causes it to happen.

- There is a reason for every important thing that happens.

- Who would have a reason to want to kill her?

- ...the reason why Italian tomatoes have so much flavour...

- The only reason I went was because I was told to.

- My parents came to Germany for business reasons.

- The exact locations are being kept secret for reasons of security.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N for n, N to-inf

2. reason
If you say that you have reason to believe something or to have a particular emotion, you mean that you have evidence for your belief or there is a definite cause of your feeling.

- They had reason to believe there could be trouble.

- He had every reason to be upset.

- He doesn't trust me. With good reason.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N to-inf
= cause

3. reason
The ability that people have to think and to make sensible judgements can be referred to as reason .

- ...a conflict between emotion and reason...

- Mike is my voice of reason. He thinks logically and points out where I'm going wrong.

N-UNCOUNT
= common sense

4. reason reasons reasoning reasoned
If you reason that something is true, you decide that it is true after thinking carefully about all the facts.

- I reasoned that changing my diet would lower my cholesterol level.

- `Listen,' I reasoned, `it doesn't take a genius to figure out what Adam's up to.'

VB
See also reasoned , reasoning .

5. reason
If you do not know why someone did something, you can say that they did it for reasons best known to themselves . You usually use this expression when you do not agree with what they did.

- For reasons best known to himself, Algie changed his name.

PHR: PHR with cl

6. reason
If one thing happens by reason of another, it happens because of it. (FORMAL)

- The boss retains enormous influence by reason of his position.

- He pleaded innocent by reason of insanity.

PHR: PHR n

7. reason
If you try to make someone listen to reason , you try to persuade them to listen to sensible arguments and be influenced by them.

- The company's top executives had refused to listen to reason.

PHR: V inflects

8. reason
If you say that something happened or was done for no reason , for no good reason , or for no reason at all , you mean that there was no obvious reason why it happened or was done.

- The guards, he said, would punch them for no reason.

- For no reason at all the two men started to laugh.

PHR: PHR with cl

9. reason
If a person or thing is someone's reason for living or their reason for being , they are the most important thing in that person's life.

- Chloe is my reason for living.

PHR: usu poss PHR

10. reason
If you say that something happened or is true for some reason , you mean that you know it happened or is true, but you do not know why.

- For some reason, the curtains were shut.

- For some inexplicable reason she was attracted to Patrick.

PHR: PHR with cl vagueness

11. reason
If you say that you will do anything within reason , you mean that you will do anything that is fair or reasonable and not too extreme.

- I will take any job that comes along, within reason.

- It means working, within reason, for whatever time is necessary.

PHR: PHR with cl, n PHR

reasoned *

reasoned
A reasoned discussion or argument is based on sensible reasons, rather than on an appeal to people's emotions.

- Abortion is an issue which produces a lot of sound and fury, but little reasoned argument.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval
= rational ≠ irrational

reasoning *

reasoning reasonings
Reasoning is the process by which you reach a conclusion after thinking about all the facts.

- ...the reasoning behind the decision...

- She was not really convinced by this line of reasoning.

N-VAR

reason

noun

1.

cause

aim

goal

grounds

incentive

intention

motive

object

purpose

2.

sense(s)

intellect

judgment

logic

mind

rationality

sanity

soundness

understanding

verb

3.

deduce

conclude

infer

make out

think

work out

reason with

4.

persuade

bring round informal

prevail upon

talk into or out of

urge

win over

reasoned

adjective

sensible

clear

logical

well-thought-out

reasoning

noun

thinking

analysis

logic

thought

reason with *****

reason with reasons with; reasoning with; reasoned with
If you try to reason with someone, you try to persuade them to do or accept something by using sensible arguments.

- I have watched parents trying to reason with their children and have never seen it work.

PHR-V

reasonable

[D.J.:ˈri:zənəbl]

[K.K.:ˈrizənəbəl]

adj.

通情达理的, 合理的

适度的; 公道的

reasonableness

n.

合理,妥当

reasonably

[D.J.:ˈri:znəblɪ]

[K.K.:ˈriz n..əblɪ]

adv.

明辨道理地,合理地;有理性地

相当地,适度地

reasonable ***

1. reasonable
If you think that someone is fair and sensible you can say that they are reasonable .

- He's a reasonable sort of chap.

- Oh, come on, be reasonable.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unreasonable

2. reasonably

- `I'm sorry, Andrew,' she said reasonably.

ADV

3. reasonableness

- `I can understand how you feel,' Desmond said with great reasonableness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. reasonable
If you say that a decision or action is reasonable , you mean that it is fair and sensible.

- ...a perfectly reasonable decision...

- At the time, what he'd done had seemed reasonable.

ADJ-GRADED
= fair

5. reasonable
If you say that an expectation or explanation is reasonable , you mean that there are good reasons why it may be correct.

- It seems reasonable to expect rapid urban growth.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

6. reasonably

- You can reasonably expect your goods to arrive within six to eight weeks.

ADV: ADV with v

7. reasonable
If you say that the price of something is reasonable , you mean that it is fair and not too high.

- You get an interesting meal for a reasonable price.

- His fees were quite reasonable.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ overpriced

8. reasonably

- ...reasonably priced accommodation.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

9. reasonable
You can use reasonable to describe something that is fairly good, but not very good.

- The boy answered him in reasonable French.

- He had never been able to make a reasonable living from his writing.

ADJ-GRADED

10. reasonably

- I can dance reasonably well.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv

11. reasonable
A reasonable amount of something is a fairly large amount of it.

- They will need a reasonable amount of desk area and good light.

ADJ-GRADED

12. reasonably

- From now on events moved reasonably quickly.

ADV: ADV adj/adv

reasonable

adjective

1.

sensible

logical

plausible

practical

sane

sober

sound

tenable

wise

2.

moderate

equitable

fair

fit

just

modest

O.K. or okay informal

proper

right

reassemble

[D.J.:ˌri:əˈsembəl]

[K.K.:ˌriəˈsɛmbəl]

n.

重新组装

reassembling

[ˌri:əˈsembliŋ]

n.

重(组)装

reassemble

1. reassemble reassembles reassembling reassembled
If you reassemble something, you put it back together after it has been taken apart.

- We will now try to reassemble pieces of the wreckage.

- The table had to be taken apart and hoisted through the window before it was reassembled.

VB

2. reassemble reassembles reassembling reassembled
If a group of people reassembles or if you reassemble them, they gather together again in a group.

- We shall reassemble in the car park in thirty minutes.

- Mr Lucas reassembled his team in September.

V-ERG

reassert

[ˈri:əˈsə:t]

vt.

再断言,重复主张

reassert *

1. reassert reasserts reasserting reasserted
If you reassert your control or authority, you make it clear that you are still in a position of power, or you strengthen the power that you had.

- ...the government's continuing effort to reassert its control in the region...

- The adults had reasserted their old authority.

VB

2. reassert reasserts reasserting reasserted
If something such as an idea or habit reasserts itself, it becomes noticeable again.

- His sense of humour was beginning to reassert itself.

VB

reassess

[ˈri:əˈses]

v.

再估价,再评价,再课税

reassess *

reassess reassesses reassessing reassessed
If you reassess something, you think about it and decide whether you need to change your opinion about it.

- I will reassess the situation when I get home.

- Security in the area will have to be reassessed.

VB
= reappraise

reassessment

[D.J.:ˌri:əˈsesmənt]

n.

重新估计

reassessment

reassessment reassessments
If you make a reassessment of something, you think about it and decide whether you need to change your opinion about it.

- Forty, more than any other birthday seems to mark the moment when we make a reassessment of ourselves.

N-VAR
= reappraisal

reassurance

[D.J.:ˌri:əˈʃʊərɵns]

n.

消除恐惧或疑虑;恢复信心

使人消除恐惧或疑虑的事物;使人恢复信心的事物

reassurance *

1. reassurance
If someone needs reassurance , they are very worried and need someone to help them stop worrying by saying kind or helpful things.

- She needed reassurance that she belonged somewhere.

- `You really won't tell?' she asked, begging for reassurance.

N-UNCOUNT

2. reassurance reassurances
Reassurances are things that you say to help people stop worrying about something.

- ...reassurances that pesticides are not harmful.

N-COUNT

reassure

[D.J.:ˌri:əˈʃuə]

[K.K.:ˌriəˈʃʊr]

vt.

消除恐惧或疑虑; 恢复信心

reassuring

[D.J.:ˌri:əʃʊərɪŋ]

[K.K.: ˌriəˈʃʊrɪŋ]

adj.

安慰的;鼓气的;可靠的

reassuringly

[D.J.:ˌri:əˈʃʊərɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌriəˈʃʊrɪ ŋlɪ]

adv.

安慰地,鼓励地

reassure **

reassure reassures reassuring reassured
If you reassure someone, you say or do things to make them stop worrying about something.

- I tried to reassure her, `Don't worry about it. We won't let it happen again.'.

- She just reassured me that everything was fine.

VB

reassured *

reassured
If you feel reassured , you feel less worried about something, usually because you have received help or advice.

- I feel much more reassured when I've been for a health check.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

reassuring *

1. reassuring
If you find someone's words or actions reassuring , they make you feel less worried about something.

- It was reassuring to hear John's familiar voice.

- She gave me some reassuring news.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf/that
= comforting

2. reassuringly

- `It's okay now,' he said reassuringly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

reassure

verb

encourage

comfort

hearten

put or set one's mind at rest

restore confidence to

reawaken

[ri:əˈweikən]

vi.

再度觉醒

reawaken

1. reawaken reawakens reawakening reawakened
If something reawakens an issue, or an interest or feeling that you used to have, it makes you think about it or feel it again.

- The King's stand is bound to reawaken the painful debate about abortion.

- The food reawakens memories of dishes that their mothers once cooked.

VB
= rekindle

2. reawakening

- These sales heralded a reawakening of interest in stained glass.

N-UNCOUNT

rebate

[D.J.:ˈri:ˌbeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈriˌbet]

n.

(债、税等的)可减免的款额;折扣;部分退款

rebate *

rebate rebates
A rebate is an amount of money which is paid to you when you have paid more tax, rent, or rates than you needed to.

- ...a tax rebate...

- Customers are to benefit from a rebate on their electricity bills.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft n N, adj N, N on n
= refund

rebate

noun

refund

allowance

bonus

deduction

discount

reduction

rebel

[D.J.:ˈrebəl]

[K.K.:rɪˈbɛl]

n.

反政府的人; 反叛者; 造反者

叛逆者

[riˈbel]

vi.

反抗政府; 造反

反抗权威; 叛逆

rebelled

反叛,造反

rebel ****

1. rebel rebels
Rebels are people who are fighting against their own country's army in order to change the political system there.

- ...fighting between rebels and government forces.

- ...rebel forces in Liberia.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. rebel rebels
Politicians who oppose some of their own party's policies can be referred to as rebels .

- The rebels want another 1% cut in interest rates.

- ...rebel MPs.

N-COUNT

3. rebel rebels rebelling rebelled
If politicians rebel against one of their own party's policies, they show that they oppose it.

- More than forty Conservative MPs rebelled against the government and voted against the bill.

- ...MPs planning to rebel over the proposed welfare cuts...

VB

4. rebel rebels
You can say that someone is a rebel if you think that they behave differently from other people and have rejected the values of society or of their parents.

- She had been a rebel at school.

N-COUNT

5. rebel rebels rebelling rebelled
When someone rebels , they start to behave differently from other people and reject the values of society or of their parents.

- The child who rebels is unlikely to be overlooked.

- I was very young and rebelling against everything.

VB

rebel

verb

1.

revolt

mutiny

resist

rise up

2.

defy

disobey

dissent

noun

3.

revolutionary

insurgent

revolutionist

secessionist

4.

nonconformist

apostate

dissenter

heretic

schismatic

adjective

5.

rebellious

insurgent

insurrectionary

revolutionary

rebellion

[D.J.:riˈbeliən]

[K.K.:rɪˈbɛljən]

n.

对政府的(尤指武装)反抗; 造反

背叛行为

rebellion **

1. rebellion rebellions
A rebellion is a violent organized action by a large group of people who are trying to change their country's political system.

- The British soon put down the rebellion.

- ...the ruthless and brutal suppression of rebellion.

N-VAR
= revolt insurrection

2. rebellion rebellions
A situation in which politicians show their opposition to their own party's policies can be referred to as a rebellion .

- On Tuesday night, on the Budget vote, there was a Labour rebellion when some left-wing MPs voted against the Chancellor's tax cuts.

N-VAR
= revolt

rebellion

noun

1.

resistance

mutiny

revolt

revolution

rising

uprising

2.

nonconformity

defiance

heresy

schism

rebellious

[D.J.:rɪˈbeljəs]

[K.K.:rɪˈbɛljəs]

adj.

反叛的, 难控制的

rebelliousness

n.

造反,难以控制

rebellious *

1. rebellious
If you think someone behaves in an unacceptable way and does not do what they are told, you can say they are rebellious .

- ...a rebellious teenager...

- He grew older and more rebellious.

ADJ-GRADED

2. rebelliousness

- ...the normal rebelliousness of youth.

N-UNCOUNT

3. rebellious
A rebellious group of people is a group involved in taking violent action against the rulers of their own country, usually in order to change the system of government there.

- The rebellious officers, having seized the radio station, broadcast the news of the overthrow of the monarchy.

ADJ: ADJ n

rebellious

adjective

1.

revolutionary

disloyal

disobedient

disorderly

insurgent

mutinous

rebel

seditious

unruly

2.

defiant

difficult

refractory

resistant

unmanageable

rebirth

[D.J.:ri:ˈbɜ:θ, ˈri:ˌbɜ:θ]

[K.K.:riˈbə..θ, ˈriˌbə..θ]

n.

(皈依后等精神上的)再生, 新生, 启蒙

复活, 复兴

rebirth *

rebirth
You can refer to a change that leads to a new period of growth and improvement in something as its rebirth .

- ...the rebirth of democracy in Latin America...

- The hotel is awaiting its rebirth.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n
= revival

reborn

[D.J.:ri:ˈbɔ:n]

[K.K.:riˈbɔrn]

adj.

(精神上)再生的,新生的,启蒙的

重新获得生命的;复活的

reborn *

reborn
If you say that someone or something has been reborn , you mean that they have become active again after a period of being inactive.

- Shilling has been reborn as an artist.

- Russia was being reborn as a great power.

V-PASSIVE

rebound

[D.J.:ˈri:ˈbaʊnd, rɪ-]

[K.K.:ˈriˈbaʊnd, rɪ-]

vi.

弹回;反弹

产生反作用;未能奏效

on the rebound

(尤指关系破裂以后)处于伤心困惑的状态，心灰意懒之余

rebounding

[riˈbaundiŋ]

n.

蹦跳运动

rebound *

1. rebound rebounds rebounding rebounded
If something rebounds from a solid surface, it bounces or springs back from it.

- His shot in the 21st minute of the game rebounded from a post.

- The hot liquid splashed down on the concrete and rebounded.

VB

2. rebound rebounds rebounding rebounded
If an action or situation rebounds on you, it has an unpleasant effect on you, especially when this effect was intended for someone else.

- Mia realised her trick had rebounded on her.

- The CIA was extremely wary of interfering with the foreign Press; in the past, such interference had rebounded.

VB

3. rebound
If you say that someone is on the rebound , you mean that they have just ended a relationship with a girlfriend or boyfriend. This often makes them do things they would not normally do.

- He took heroin for the first time when he was on the rebound from a broken relationship.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

4. rebound
In basketball, a rebound is a shot which someone catches after it has hit the board behind the basket.
N-COUNT

rebound

verb

1.

bounce

recoil

ricochet

2.

misfire

backfire

boomerang

recoil

rebrand

rebrand rebrands rebranding rebranded
To rebrand a product or organization means to present it to the public in a new way, for example by changing its name or appearance.

- There are plans to rebrand many Texas stores.

VB

rebuff

[D.J.:rɪˈbʌf]

[K.K.:rɪˈbʌf]

n.

粗暴拒绝,轻蔑回绝

vt.

粗暴拒绝;冷落

rebuff *

1. rebuff rebuffs rebuffing rebuffed
If you rebuff someone or rebuff a suggestion that they make, you refuse to do what they suggest.

- He wanted sex with Julie but she rebuffed him.

- His proposals have already been rebuffed by the Prime Minister.

VB
= reject

2. rebuff rebuffs
Also a noun.

- The results of the poll dealt a humiliating rebuff to Mr Jones.

N-VAR: usu with supp

rebuff

verb

1.

reject

cold-shoulder

cut

knock back slang

refuse

repulse

slight

snub

spurn

turn down

noun

2.

rejection

cold shoulder

kick in the teeth slang

knock-back slang

refusal

repulse

slap in the face informal

slight

snub

rebuild

[D.J.:ri:ˈbɪld]

[K.K.:riˈbɪld]

vt.

重建, 重新组装

再形成某事物;恢复

rebuilding

重建

rebuild **

1. rebuild rebuilds rebuilding rebuilt
When people rebuild something such as a building or a city, they build it again after it has been damaged or destroyed.

- They say they will stay to rebuild their homes rather than retreat to refugee camps.

- The castle was rebuilt by his great grandson in 1859.

VB
= restore

2. rebuild rebuilds rebuilding rebuilt
When people rebuild something such as an institution, a system, or an aspect of their lives, they take action to bring it back to its previous condition.

- The President's message was that everyone would have to work hard together to rebuild the economy.

- Jane began to rebuild her social life which had been non-existent since her marriage.

- The agency has been rebuilding under new management.

VB

3. rebuild rebuilds rebuilding rebuilt
If doctors rebuild part of someone's body that has been damaged, they operate on that person to make them well again.

- Two weeks later, surgeons carried out the operation to rebuild his face.

VB

rebuke

[D.J.:riˈbju:k]

[K.K.:rɪˈbjuk]

vt.

责难或指责

n.

非难; 责难

rebuke *

1. rebuke rebukes rebuking rebuked
If you rebuke someone, you speak severely to them because they have said or done something that you do not approve of. (FORMAL)

- The president rebuked the House and Senate for not passing those bills within 100 days.

VB
= reprimand

2. rebuke rebukes
Also a noun.

- UN member countries delivered a strong rebuke to both countries for persisting with nuclear testing programs.

- `Silly little boy' was his favourite expression of rebuke to his pupils.

N-VAR: usu with supp
= reprimand

rebuke

verb

1.

scold

admonish

castigate

censure

chide

dress down informal

give a rocket Brit. & N.Z. informal

haul (someone) over the coals informal

reprimand

reprove

tear (someone) off a strip informal

tell off informal

noun

2.

scolding

admonition

censure

dressing down informal

reprimand

row

telling-off informal

rebut

[D.J.:rɪˈbʌt]

[K.K.:rɪˈbʌt]

vt.

反驳,驳回

击退

rebuttal

n.

rebuttal

[D.J.:rɪˈbʌtl]

[K.K.:rɪˈbʌtl..]

n.

举反例;反驳;抗辩

rebut

rebut rebuts rebutting rebutted
If you rebut a charge or criticism that is made against you, you give reasons why it is untrue or unacceptable. (FORMAL)

- He spent most of his speech rebutting criticisms of his foreign policy.

VB
= refute

rebut

verb

disprove

confute

invalidate

negate

overturn

prove wrong

refute

rebuttal

rebuttal rebuttals
If you make a rebuttal of a charge or accusation that has been made against you, you make a statement which gives reasons why the accusation is untrue. (FORMAL)

- He is conducting a point-by-point rebuttal of charges from former colleagues.

- Pakistan has still not issued an official rebuttal to the latest Indian statements.

N-COUNT: oft N of/to n

rebuttal

noun

disproof

confutation

invalidation

negation

refutation

recalcitrance

[D.J.:rɪˈkælsɪtrəns]

[K.K.:rɪˈkælsɪtrəns]

n.

反抗;顽强;不听话

recalcitrant

[D.J.:rɪˈkælsɪtrənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈkælsɪtrənt]

adj.

倔强对抗的;拒不服从的

recalcitrance

n.

recalcitrant

1. recalcitrant
If you describe someone or something as recalcitrant , you mean that they are unwilling to obey orders or are difficult to deal with. (FORMAL)

- King William moved rapidly to establish Norman power over a recalcitrant Saxon majority.

- He had a knack for coaxing even the most recalcitrant engine to life.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= disobedient

2. recalcitrance

- It is losing patience with their recalcitrance over introducing even the smallest political reform.

N-UNCOUNT
= stubbornness

recalcitrant

adjective

disobedient

defiant

insubordinate

refractory

unmanageable

unruly

wayward

wilful

recall

[D.J.:riˈkɔ:l]

[K.K.:rɪˈkɔl]

vt. & vi.

回忆起, 回想

vt.

召回, 收回

n.

召回, 唤回

记忆力

recall ****

1. recall recalls recalling recalled
When you recall something, you remember it and tell others about it.

- Henderson recalled that he first met Pollard during a business trip to Washington.

- Her teacher recalled: `She was always on about modelling.'.

- Colleagues today recall with humor how meetings would crawl into the early morning hours.

- I recalled the way they had been dancing together.

- I have no idea what she said, something about airline travel, I seem to recall.

VB
= remember

2. recall recalls recalling recalled
You can say as I recall , you might recall , or you will recall to someone that you are talking to when you want to mention something that you are both already aware of which is relevant to the discussion.

- As I recall, you're not on the board, Joe; you're only a minor shareholder.

- You will recall that I sent you a warning of troubled times. Well now, almost everything I forecast has come about.

VB

3. recall
Recall is the ability to remember something that has happened in the past or the act of remembering it.

- He had a good memory, and total recall of her spoken words.

N-UNCOUNT

4. recall recalls recalling recalled
If you are recalled to your home, country, or the place where you work, you are ordered to return there.

- Spain has recalled its Ambassador after a row over refugees seeking asylum at the embassy.

- Parliament was recalled from its summer recess.

VB

5. recall
Also a noun.

- The recall of ambassador Alan Green is a public signal of America's concern.

N-SING: the N of n

6. recall recalls recalling recalled
In sport, if a player is recalled to a team, he or she is included in that team again after being left out.

- Dean Richards has been recalled to the England squad for Saturday's match with Wales.

- I had done enough after being recalled against Pakistan to have got on the tour to India.

VB

7. recall
Also a noun.

- It would be great to get a recall to the England squad for Sweden.

N-SING

8. recall recalls recalling recalled
If a company recalls a product, it asks the shops or the people who have bought that product to return it because there is something wrong with it.

- The company said it was recalling one of its drugs and had stopped selling two others.

- More than 3,000 cars were recalled yesterday because of a brake problem.

VB

9. recall
If something is beyond recall , it is no longer possible to remember how it was or to bring it back to its original condition.

- The ground has been polluted beyond recall.

- ...the realities of operating a traditional canal boat can be readily imagined, even if the life itself is beyond recall.

PHR

recall

verb

1.

recollect

bring or call to mind

evoke

remember

2.

annul

cancel

countermand

repeal

retract

revoke

withdraw

noun

3.

recollection

memory

remembrance

4.

annulment

cancellation

repeal

rescindment

retraction

withdrawal

recant

[D.J.:rɪˈkænt]

[K.K.:rɪˈkænt]

vt.

撤回(声明),放弃(信仰或主张)

recantation

n.

recantation

[D.J.:ˌri:kænˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrikænˈteʃən]

n.

改变论调;取消主张

recant

recant recants recanting recanted
If you recant , you say publicly that you no longer hold a set of beliefs that you had in the past. (FORMAL)

- Alarmed by the furor the letter created, White House officials ordered Williams to recant.

- ...a man who had refused after torture to recant his heresy.

VB

recant

verb

withdraw

disclaim

forswear

renege

repudiate

retract

revoke

take back

recap

[D.J.:ri:ˈkæp]

[K.K.:riˈkæp]

vt.

翻新(轮胎)的胎面

vt. & vi.

扼要重述;概括

n.

胎面翻新的轮胎

重述要点

<新闻>简明新闻

recap

1. recap recaps recapping recapped
You can say that you are going to recap when you want to draw people's attention to the fact that you are going to repeat the main points of an explanation, argument, or description, as a summary of it.

- To recap briefly, an agreement negotiated to cut the budget deficit in the coming year was rejected 10 days ago by a large majority.

- Can you recap the points included in the regional conference proposal?

VB
= sum up recapitulate

2. recap
Also a noun.

- Each report starts with a summary of the last month, a recap of how we did versus our projections, and a rundown on the significant events of the period.

N-SING

recapitalization

[ri:ˌkæpitəlaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

资本结构的改变,资本额的调整

recapitalize

[D.J.:ˈri:kəˈpitəlaiz]

[K.K.:riˈkæpɪtlˌaɪz]

vt.

调整…的资本

recapitalize

1. recapitalize recapitalizes recapitalizing recapitalized
If a company recapitalizes , it changes the way it manages its financial affairs, for example by borrowing money or reissuing shares. (AM)

- Mr Warnock resigned as the company abandoned a plan to recapitalize.

- He plans to recapitalize the insurance fund.

VB

2. recapitalization recapitalizations

- A substantial thrust of the effort of management is to explore a recapitalization of the company.

N-COUNT

recapitulate

[D.J.:ˌri:kəˈpɪtʃəˌleɪt]

[K.K.:ˌrikəˈpɪtʃəˌlet]

vt.

总结,扼要重述

recapitulation

[D.J.:ri:kəpitjuˈleiʃ(ə)n]

[K.K.:ˈrikəˌpɪtʃəˈleʃən]

n.

摘要重述

recapitulate

1. recapitulate recapitulates recapitulating recapitulated
You can say that you are going to recapitulate the main points of an explanation, argument, or description when you want to draw attention to the fact that you are going to repeat the most important points as a summary.

- Let's just recapitulate the essential points.

- It will shortly be put up for sale under the terms already communicated to you, which, to recapitulate, call for a very minimum of publicity.

VB
= recap sum up

2. recapitulation

- Chapter 9 provides a valuable recapitulation of the material already presented.

N-SING

recapitulate

verb

repeat

outline

recap informal

recount

restate

summarize

recapture

[D.J.:ri:ˈkæptʃə]

[K.K.:riˈkæptʃɚ]

vt.

重新捕获〔夺回〕

再次经历、体验或产生

n.

重新捕获;再次体验

recapture *

1. recapture recaptures recapturing recaptured
When soldiers recapture an area of land or a place, they gain control of it again from an opposing army who had taken it from them.

- They said the bodies were found when rebels recaptured the area.

VB
= retake

2. recapture
Also a noun.

- ...an offensive to be launched for the recapture of the city.

N-SING: usu N of n

3. recapture recaptures recapturing recaptured
When people recapture something that they have lost to a competitor, they get it back again.

- I do genuinely believe that he would be the best possibility to recapture the centre vote and also the youngsters' vote in the forthcoming election.

VB
= win back

4. recapture recaptures recapturing recaptured
To recapture a person or animal which has escaped from somewhere means to catch them again.

- Police have recaptured Alan Lord, who escaped from a police cell in Bolton.

VB

5. recapture
Also a noun.

- ...the recapture of a renegade police chief in Panama.

N-SING: usu n of n

6. recapture recaptures recapturing recaptured
When you recapture something such as an experience, emotion, or a quality that you had in the past, you experience it again. When something recaptures an experience for you, it makes you remember it.

- He couldn't recapture the form he'd shown in getting to the semi-final.

- These cookies seem to recapture all the textures and flavors we remember from childhood.

VB

recast

[D.J.:ri:ˈkæst]

[K.K.:riˈkæst]

vt.

再铸

重塑,改造;改正; 改作

改进(安排)

n.

重铸(物)

重新塑造(物)

recast

1. recast recasts recasting
If you recast something, you change it by organizing it in a different way.

- The shake-up aims to recast IBM as a federation of flexible and competing subsidiaries.

VB The form recast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. recasting

- ...the recasting of the political map of Europe.

N-SING: N of n

3. recast recasts recasting
To recast an actor's role means to give the role to another actor.

- Stoppard had to recast four of the principal roles.

VB The form recast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

recce

[D.J.:ˈreki]

[K.K.:ˈrɛki]

v.

侦察,搜索

n.

侦察

recce

1. recce recces recceing recced
If you recce an area, you visit that place in order to become familiar with it. People usually recce an area when they are going to return at a later time to do something there. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- The first duty of a director is to recce his location before asking a cameraman to shoot a single foot of film.

VB
= check out

2. recce recces
Also a noun.

- Uncle Jim took the air rifle and went on a recce to the far end of the quarry.

N-COUNT

recd

abbr.

received 被接受的

recd

abbr.

received 被接受的

recd.

recd.
In written English, recd. can be used as an abbreviation for received .

recede

[D.J.:riˈsi:d]

[K.K.:rɪˈsid]

vi.

自原处后退或避开别人的注视

向后倾斜

recede *

1. recede recedes receding receded
If something recedes from you, it moves away.

- Luke's footsteps receded into the night.

- As she receded he waved goodbye.

- ...the receding lights of the car.

VB

2. recede recedes receding receded
When something such as a quality, problem, or illness recedes , it becomes weaker, smaller, or less intense.

- Just as I started to think that I was never going to get well, the illness began to recede.

- Dealers grew concerned over the sliding dollar and receding prospects for economic recovery.

VB

3. recede recedes receding receded
If a man's hair starts to recede , it no longer grows on the front of his head.

- ...a youngish man with dark hair just beginning to recede...

- The bartender had a florid face and a receding hairline.

VB

4. recede recedes receding receded
If your gums start to recede , they begin to cover less of your teeth, usually as the result of an infection.

- If untreated, the gums recede, become swollen and bleed.

- Receding gums can be the result of disease or simply incorrect brushing.

VB

recede

verb

fall back

abate

ebb

regress

retire

retreat

return

subside

withdraw

receipt

[D.J.:riˈsi:t]

[K.K.:rɪˈsit]

n.

收据, 发票

收到

收入

receipts

[riˈsi:ts]

n.

(企业、银行等)收到的款，进款

receipt **

1. receipt receipts
A receipt is a piece of paper that you get from someone as proof that they have received money or goods from you. In British English, a receipt is a piece of paper that you get in a shop when you buy something, but in American English, the more usual term for this is sales slip .

- I wrote her a receipt for the money.

N-COUNT

2. receipt receipts
Receipts are the amount of money received during a particular period, for example by a shop or theatre.

- The film opened to healthy box office receipts before rapidly falling off.

- He was tallying the day's receipts.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp
= takings

3. receipt
The receipt of something is the act of receiving it. (FORMAL)

- Goods should be supplied within 28 days after the receipt of your order.

N-UNCOUNT

4. receipt
If you are in receipt of something, you have received it or you receive it regularly. (FORMAL)

- We are taking action, having been in receipt of a letter from him.

- I am in receipt of a pension.

PHR

receipt

noun

1.

sales slip

counterfoil

proof of purchase

2.

receiving

acceptance

delivery

reception

receive

[D.J.:riˈsi:v]

[K.K.:rɪˈsiv]

vt. & vi.

收到, 接到

接纳; 接待

received

[D.J.:riˈsi:vd]

[K.K.:rɪˈsivd]

adj.

被一般承认的,被认为标准的

receiving

[D.J.:riˈsi:viŋ]

[K.K.:rɪˈsivɪŋ]

n.

接受

adj.

接受的

receive *****

1. receive receives receiving received
When you receive something, you get it after someone gives it to you or sends it to you.

- They will receive their awards at a ceremony in Stockholm.

- I received your letter of November 7.

VB
= get

2. receive receives receiving received
You can use receive to say that certain kinds of thing happen to someone. For example if they are injured, you can say that they received an injury.

- He received more of the blame than anyone when the plan failed to work.

- She was suffering from whiplash injuries received in a car crash.

VB

3. receive receives receiving received
When you receive a visitor or a guest, you greet them.

- The following evening the duchess was again receiving guests.

- The shop assistant received me indifferently while leaning on a counter.

VB

4. receive receives receiving received
If you say that something is received in a particular way, you mean that people react to it in that way.

- The resolution had been received with great disappointment within the PLO.

- The proposals have been well received by many deputies.

VB: usu passive

5. receive receives receiving received
When a radio or television receives signals that are being transmitted, it picks them up and converts them into sound or pictures.

- The reception was a little faint but clear enough for him to receive the signal.

VB

6. receive receives receiving received
If someone receives stolen goods, they buy or are given things that have been stolen (LEGAL) (mainly BRIT; in AM use handle )

- He went to prison for receiving stolen scrap iron.

- He received the shoes when stolen, and then passed them on to the men who would sell them.

VB
= fence

7. receive
If you are on the receiving end or at the receiving end of something unpleasant, you are the person that it happens to.

- You saw hate in their eyes and you were on the receiving end of that hate.

- Bullying can indeed be distressing and frightening for those at the receiving end.

PHR

received

received
The received opinion about something or the received way of doing something is generally accepted by people as being correct. (FORMAL)

- He was among the first to question the received wisdom of the time.

- The judgments expressed are largely what is called received opinion.

ADJ: ADJ n

receive

verb

1.

get

accept

acquire

be given

collect

obtain

pick up

take

2.

experience

bear

encounter

suffer

sustain

undergo

3.

greet

accommodate

admit

entertain

meet

welcome

Received Pronunciation

Received Pronunciation
Received Pronunciation is a way of pronouncing British English that is often used as a standard in the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language. The abbreviation RP is also used. The accent represented by the pronunciations in this dictionary is Received Pronunciation.
N-UNCOUNT

receiver

[D.J.:riˈsi:və]

[K.K.:rɪˈsivɚ]

n.

接受者

听筒, 接收器

receiver **

1. receiver receivers
A telephone's receiver is the part that you hold near to your ear and speak into.
N-COUNT

2. receiver receivers
A receiver is the part of a radio or television that picks up signals and converts them into sound or pictures.

- Auto-tuning VHF receivers are now common in cars.

N-COUNT

3. receiver receivers
The receiver is someone who is appointed by a court of law to manage the affairs of a business, usually when it is facing financial failure.

- Between July and September, a total of 1,059 firms called in the receiver.

N-COUNT: usu the N

receivership

[D.J.:riˈsi:vəʃip]

[K.K.:rɪˈsivɚˌʃɪp]

n.

〈律〉破产案产业管理人的职务或任期

receivership *

receivership receiverships
If a company goes into receivership , it faces financial failure and the administration of its business is handled by the receiver.

- The company has now gone into receivership with debts of several million.

- Accountants Touche Ross say that there were 45 receiverships among hotels and caterers.

N-VAR: oft in/into N

recent

[D.J.:ˈri:snt]

[K.K.:ˈrisənt]

adj.

不久前的, 近来的

recent *****

recent
A recent event or period of time happened only a short while ago.

- In the most recent attack one man was shot dead and two others were wounded.

- Sales have fallen by more than 75 percent in recent years.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

recent

adjective

new

current

fresh

late

modern

novel

present-day

up-to-date

recently

[ˈri:səntli]

adv.

最近; 近来

recently ****

recently
If you have done something recently or if something happened recently , it happened only a short time ago.

- The bank recently opened a branch in Germany.

- It is only fairly recently that historians have begun to investigate the question.

- He was until very recently the most powerful banker in the city.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, until ADV

recently

adverb

newly

currently

freshly

lately

latterly

not long ago

of late

receptacle

[D.J.:rɪˈseptəkəl]

[K.K.:rɪˈsɛptəkəl]

n.

容器;放置物品的地方

receptacle

receptacle receptacles
A receptacle is an object which you use to put or keep things in. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= container

receptacle

noun

container

holder

repository

reception

[D.J.:riˈsepʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈsɛpʃən]

n.

接待, 接见

招待会, 欢迎会

接待处, 服务台, 问询处

接收效果

reception **

1. reception
The reception in a hotel is the desk or office that books rooms for people and answers their questions. (mainly BRIT; in AM use front desk )

- Have him bring a car round to the reception.

- ...the hotel's reception desk.

N-SING: the N, oft N n, also at N

2. reception
The reception in an office or hospital is the place where people's appointments and questions are dealt with. (mainly BRIT)

- Wait at reception for me.

N-SING: the N, oft N n, also at N

3. reception receptions
A reception is a formal party which is given to welcome someone or to celebrate a special event.

- At the reception they served smoke salmon.

- ...a glittering wedding reception.

N-COUNT

4. reception receptions
If someone or something has a particular kind of reception , that is the way that people react to them.

- Mr Mandela was given a tumultuous reception in Washington.

- He received a cool reception to his speech.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu supp N

5. reception
The reception of guests is the act of formally welcoming them. (FORMAL)

- The preparations for the reception of his Royal Highness proceeded.

N-SING: the N of n

6. reception
If you get good reception from your radio or television, the sound or picture is clear because the signal is strong. If the reception is poor, the sound or picture is unclear because the signal is weak.

- Adjust the aerial's position and direction for the best reception.

N-UNCOUNT

reception

noun

1.

party

function

levee

soir´ee

2.

welcome

acknowledgment

greeting

reaction

response

treatment

reception centre

reception centre reception centres
A reception centre is a place where people who have no homes or are being looked after by the government can live until somewhere else is found for them to live. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

reception class

reception class reception classes
A reception class is a class that children go into when they first start school at the age of four or five. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

receptionist

[D.J.:rɪˈsepʃənɪst]

[K.K.:rɪˈsɛpʃənɪst]

n.

(旅馆、事务所等雇用的)接待员

receptionist *

1. receptionist receptionists
In a hotel, the receptionist is the person whose job is to book rooms for people and answer their questions. (mainly BRIT; in AM use desk clerk )
N-COUNT

2. receptionist receptionists
In an office or hospital, the receptionist is the person whose job is to answer the telephone, arrange appointments, and deal with people when they first arrive.
N-COUNT

reception room

reception room reception rooms
A reception room is a room in a house, for example a living room, where people can sit. This expression is often used in descriptions of houses that are for sale. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

receptive

[D.J.:riˈseptiv]

[K.K.:rɪˈsɛptɪv]

adj.

(对新的思想等)善于接受的

receptivity

[risepˈtiviti]

n.

感受性,接受能力

receptive *

1. receptive
Someone who is receptive to new ideas or suggestions is prepared to consider them or accept them.

- The voters had seemed receptive to his ideas.

- Do you think that there is any receptive audience for his remarks.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

2. receptiveness

- There was less receptiveness to liberalism in some areas.

N-UNCOUNT

3. receptivity

- There was a lack of receptivity to the advances in science.

N-UNCOUNT

4. receptive
If someone who is ill is receptive to treatment, they start to get better when they are given treatment.

- For those patients who are not receptive to treatment, the chance for improvement is small.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n

receptive

adjective

open

amenable

interested

open-minded

open to suggestions

susceptible

sympathetic

receptor

[D.J.:rɪˈseptə]

[K.K.:rɪˈsɛptɚ]

n.

<生>感受器;受体

receptor *

receptor receptors
Receptors are nerve endings in your body which react to changes and stimuli and make your body respond in a particular way. (TECHNICAL)

- Our sense of smell is just as crucial to the information receptors in our brain as our other senses.

N-COUNT

recess

[D.J.:riˈses]

[K.K.:ˈriˌsɛs, rɪˈsɛs]

n.

(工作或业务活动的)中止或暂停期间

学校的课间休息

壁凹; 壁龛

某物内部的凹形空间

遥远或隐秘的地方

vt.

把某物放在墙壁的凹处

将(墙)做成凹形; 在(墙)上做壁龛

vi.

休息; 休会; 休庭

recessing

开凹槽

recess *

1. recess recesses
A recess is a break between the periods of work of an official body such as a committee, a court of law, or a government.

- The conference broke for a recess, but the 10-minute break stretched to two hours.

- Some in Congress are concerned the war option could be adopted in November when Congress is in recess.

- Parliament returns to work today after its summer recess.

N-COUNT: also in/from N

2. recess recesses recessing recessed
When formal meetings or court cases recess , they stop temporarily. (FORMAL)

- The hearings have now recessed for dinner.

- Before the trial recessed today, the lawyer read her opening statement.

VB

3. recess recesses
In a room, a recess is part of a wall which is built further back than the rest of the wall. Recesses are often used as a place to put furniture such as shelves.

- ...a discreet recess next to a fireplace.

N-COUNT
= alcove

4. recess recesses
The recesses of something or somewhere are the parts of it which are hard to see because light does not reach them or they are hidden from view.

- He emerged from the dark recesses of the garage.

- From the recesses of his coat Richard produced a bottle of champagne.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp

5. recess recesses
If you refer to the recesses of someone's mind or soul, you are referring to thoughts or feelings they have which are hidden or difficult to describe.

- ...the inner recesses of the soul...

- There was something in the darker recesses of his unconscious that was troubling him.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp

recessed

recessed
If something such as a door or window is recessed , it is set into the wall that surrounds it.

- ...a wide passage, lit from one side by recessed windows.

- ...thick glass recessed into the ceiling.

ADJ

recess

noun

1.

alcove

bay

corner

hollow

niche

nook

2.

break

holiday

intermission

interval

respite

rest

vacation

recession

[D.J.:riˈseʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈsɛʃən]

n.

经济衰退; 不景气

后退; 撤退; 撤回

recession ****

recession recessions
A recession is a period when the economy of a country is doing badly, for example because industry is producing less and more people are becoming unemployed.

- The recession caused sales to drop off.

- We should concentrate on sharply reducing interest rates to pull the economy out of recession.

- The oil price increases sent Europe into deep recession.

N-VAR
= slump

recession

noun

depression

decline

drop

slump

recessional

[D.J.:riˈseʃənl]

[K.K.:rɪˈsɛʃənəl]

n.

礼拜结束时唱的圣诗, 退场赞美诗

recessional

1. recessional
The recessional is a religious song which is sung at the end of a church service.
N-SING

2. recessional
Recessional means related to an economic recession.

- Despite stirrings in the property market, many home sellers remain stuck in a recessional rut.

ADJ: ADJ n

recessionary

[riˈseʃənəri]

adj.

(经济)萧条的; 疲软的

可能使经济活动减慢的

recessionary *

recessionary
Recessionary means relating to an economic recession or having the effect of creating a recession.

- Reduced interest rates would help ease recessionary pressures in the economy.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

recessive

[D.J.:rɪˈsesɪv]

[K.K.:rɪˈsɛsɪv]

adj.

有倒退倾向的,逆行的

(遗传特征)隐性的

recessive

recessive
A recessive gene produces a particular characteristic only if a person has two of these genes, one from each parent. Compare dominant . (TECHNICAL)

- It's possible for two brown-eyed parents to have a child with blue eyes if both parents have inherited a recessive gene for blue eyes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

recharge

[D.J.:ri:ˈtʃɑ:dʒ]

[K.K.:riˈtʃɑrdʒ]

vt.

给(电池)再充电;给(枪)再装弹药

recharge your batteries

养精蓄锐；休整

recharging

再充电

recharge *

1. recharge recharges recharging recharged
If you recharge a battery, you put an electrical charge back into the battery by connecting it to a machine that draws power from another source of electricity such as the mains.

- He is using your mains electricity to recharge his car battery.

VB

2. recharge
If you recharge your batteries , you take a break from activities which are tiring or difficult in order to relax and feel better when you return to these activities.

- He wanted to recharge his batteries and come back feeling fresh and positive.

PHR: V inflects

rechargeable

adj.

可再充电的

rechargeable

1. rechargeable
Rechargeable batteries can be recharged and used again. Some electrical products are described as rechargeable when they contain rechargeable batteries.

- ...a portable phone which will run for a month on a rechargeable battery.

- ...a rechargeable drill.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. rechargeable rechargeables
Also a noun.

- It is more expensive to run a personal stereo on disposable batteries than on rechargeables.

N-COUNT

recherch´e

recherch´e
If you describe something as recherch´e , you mean that it is very sophisticated or is associated with people who like things which are unusual and of a very high quality. (FORMAL)

- Only extra-virgin, cold-pressed olive oil will do on the most recherch´e dinner tables.

ADJ-GRADED

recidivism

[D.J.:rɪˈsɪdəˌvɪzəm]

[K.K.:rɪˈsɪdəˌvɪzəm]

n.

<律>再犯;累犯(行为或倾向)

recidivist

[riˈsidivist]

n.

惯犯, 累犯

recidivist

1. recidivist recidivists
A recidivist is someone who has committed crimes in the past and has begun to commit crimes again, for example after a period in prison. (FORMAL)

- Six prisoners are still at large along with four dangerous recidivists.

N-COUNT

2. recidivism

- Their basic criticism was that prisons do not reduce the crime rate, they cause recidivism.

N-UNCOUNT

recipe

[D.J.:ˈresəpi]

[K.K.:ˈrɛsəˌpi]

n.

烹饪法; 食谱

方法; 秘诀; 诀窍

recipe **

1. recipe recipes
A recipe is a list of ingredients and a set of instructions that tell you how to cook something.

- ...a traditional recipe for oatmeal biscuits.

- ...a recipe book.

N-COUNT

2. recipe
If you say that something is a recipe for a particular situation, you mean that it is likely to result in that situation.

- Large-scale inflation is a recipe for disaster.

N-SING: a N for n

recipe

noun

1.

directions

ingredients

instructions

2.

method

formula

prescription

procedure

process

technique

recipient

[D.J.:riˈsipiənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈsɪpiənt]

n.

接受者

recipients

n.

收件人

recipient **

recipient recipients
The recipient of something is the person who receives it. (FORMAL)

- ...the largest recipient of American foreign aid...

- A suppressed immune system puts a transplant recipient at risk of other infections.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

reciprocal

[D.J.:riˈsiprəkəl]

[K.K.:rɪˈsɪprəkəl]

adj.

互相给予的; 互惠的; 相互的

reciprocally

adv.

相互地,相反地

reciprocal *

1. reciprocal
A reciprocal action or agreement involves two people or groups who do the same thing to each other or agree to help each another in a similar way. (FORMAL)

- They expected a reciprocal gesture before more hostages could be freed.

- The department said many countries had reciprocal agreements for health care with Britain.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. reciprocally

- Both sides had reciprocally observed restraints.

ADV

reciprocal

adjective

mutual

alternate

complementary

correlative

corresponding

equivalent

exchanged

interchangeable

reciprocate

[D.J.:rɪˈsɪprəˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:rɪˈsɪprəˌket]

vt. & vi.

报答;酬答

vi.

(机器的部件)直线往复运动

reciprocating

[D.J.:riˈsiprəkeitiŋ]

[K.K.:rɪˈsɪprəˌketɪŋ]

adj.

往复的,来回的,交替的,互换的;摆动的

reciprocation

[D.J.:riˌsiprəˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˌsɪprəˈkeʃən]

n.

互换

reciprocate *

1. reciprocate reciprocates reciprocating reciprocated
If your feelings or actions towards someone are reciprocated , the other person feels or behaves in the same way towards you as you have felt or behaved towards them.

- ...he reciprocated Mr Prescott's good wishes...

- Their attraction to each other as friends is reciprocated.

- He needs these people to fulfill his ambitions and reciprocates by bringing out the best in each of them.

VB

2. reciprocation

- There was no reciprocation of esteem, let alone affection.

N-UNCOUNT

reciprocate

verb

return

exchange

reply

requite

respond

swap

trade

reciprocity

[D.J.:ˌresəˈprɔsɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌrɛsəˈprɑsɪti]

n.

相互性

相互作用

互给,互惠

reciprocity

reciprocity
Reciprocity is the exchange of something between people or groups of people when each person or group gives or allows something to the other. (FORMAL)

- The protest went ahead despite government assurances that they would press for reciprocity with Greece in the issuing of visas.

N-UNCOUNT

recital

[D.J.:rɪˈsaɪtl]

[K.K.:rɪˈsaɪtl..]

n.

独唱会;独奏会;小型音乐会、舞蹈表演会等

一系列事件等的详述

背诵, 朗诵

recital *

1. recital recitals
A recital is a performance of music or poetry, usually given by one person.

- ...a solo recital by the harpsichordist Maggie Cole.

N-COUNT: oft with supp

2. recital recitals
If someone speaks for a long time, or says something that is boring or that has been heard many times before, you can describe it as a recital . (WRITTEN)

- Before long we all grew bored with his frequent recital of the foods he couldn't eat.

- I had their total attention during the thirty-five minutes that my recital took.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

recital

noun

1.

performance

rehearsal

rendering

2.

recitation

account

narrative

reading

relation

statement

telling

recitation

[D.J.:resiˈteiʃ(ə)n]

[K.K.:ˌrɛsɪˈteʃən]

n.

朗诵,背诵,叙述,背诵的东西

recitation

1. recitation recitations
When someone does a recitation , they say aloud a piece of poetry or other writing that they have learned.

- The transmission began with a recitation from the Koran.

N-VAR

2. recitation recitations
A recitation of something is a statement of it. (WRITTEN)

- The letter was short -- a simple recitation of their problem.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

recitation

noun

recital

lecture

passage

performance

piece

reading

recite

[D.J.:riˈsait]

[K.K.:rɪˈsaɪt]

vt. & vi.

背诵

vt.

详述; 列举

recite *

1. recite recites reciting recited
When someone recites a poem or other piece of writing, they say it aloud after they have learned it.

- They recited poetry to one another.

VB

2. recite recites reciting recited
If you recite something such as a list, you say it aloud.

- All he could do was recite a list of Government failings.

- She suddenly realized that Wim was reciting Kirk's telephone number.

VB

recite

verb

repeat

declaim

deliver

narrate

perform

speak

reckless

[D.J.:ˈreklis]

[K.K.:ˈrɛklɪs]

adj.

轻率的; 鲁莽的; 不顾危险的

recklessly

[D.J.:ˈreklɪslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈr ɛklɪslɪ]

adv.

不在乎地;鲁莽地;不顾一切地

recklessness

[D.J.:ˈreklɪsnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈr ɛklɪsnɪs]

n.

鲁莽,轻率,不顾一切

reckless *

1. reckless
If you say that someone is reckless , you mean that they act in a way which shows that they do not care about danger or the effect their behaviour will have on other people.

- She loved to ride; on horseback, she was reckless and utterly without fear.

- He is charged with causing death by reckless driving.

ADJ-GRADED

2. recklessly

- He was leaning recklessly out of the unshuttered window.

- A congressional report charges that federal safety laws were recklessly violated.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. recklessness

- He felt a surge of recklessness.

- The headstrong recklessness of youth may be fine in some areas, but not behind the wheel of a car.

N-UNCOUNT

reckless

adjective

careless

hasty

headlong

heedless

imprudent

mindless

precipitate

rash

thoughtless

wild

reckon

[D.J.:ˈrekən]

[K.K.:ˈrɛkən]

vt.

猜想; 估计

〈非正〉思忖; 设想

考虑; 认为

〈正〉计算

reckoning

[D.J.:ˈrekənɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrɛkənɪŋ]

n.

计算;估计

船只位置的推算;推算定位

账目，账单

into the reckoning

(尤指体育运动)属于可能胜出者行列之内，有可能获胜

reckon ***

1. reckon reckons reckoning reckoned
If you reckon that something is true, you think that it is true. (INFORMAL)

- Toni reckoned that it must be about three o'clock.

- He reckoned he was still fond of her.

VB
= think

2. reckon reckons reckoning reckoned
If you say that something is reckoned to be true, you mean that people think that it is true. (INFORMAL)

- The sale has been held up because the price is reckoned to be too high.

VB: usu passive
= thought

3. reckon reckons reckoning reckoned
If you say that someone reckons to do something, you mean that they expect to do it. (INFORMAL)

- The merged banks reckon to raise 4 billion dollars of new equity next year.

- Police officers on the case are reckoning to charge someone very shortly.

VB
= expect

4. reckon reckons reckoning reckoned
If something is reckoned to be a particular figure, it is calculated to be roughly that amount.

- The market's revised threshold is now reckoned to be 22,000-22,500 on the Nikkei index.

- The `normal' by-election swing against a government is reckoned at about 5 percent.

VB: usu passive
= calculate

reckon with ***

1. reckon with reckons with; reckoning with; reckoned with
If you say that you had not reckoned with something, you mean that you had not expected it and so were not prepared for it.

- Giles had not reckoned with the strength of Sally's feelings for him.

PHR-V: with brd-neg

2. reckon
If you say that there is someone or something to be reckoned with , you mean that they must be dealt with and it will be difficult.

- This act was a signal to his victim's friends that he was someone to be reckoned with.

- He will have to demonstrate that his Movement for Democracy is really a force to be reckoned with in Algerian politics.

PHR: n PHR

reckoning *

1. reckoning reckonings
Someone's reckoning is a calculation they make about something, especially a calculation that is not very exact.

- By my reckoning we were seven or eight kilometres from Borj Mechaab.

N-VAR: usu poss N

2. reckoning reckonings
If you say that you will have a reckoning with someone, you mean that you will face them at some time in the future and punish them for something they have done.

- She knew their truce would not last. There would be a reckoning. There would be another fight.

N-COUNT: usu sing
see also day of reckoning .

reckon

verb

1.

think

assume

believe

guess informal chiefly U.S. & Canad.

imagine

suppose

2.

consider

account

count

deem

esteem

judge

rate

regard

3.

count

add up

calculate

compute

figure

number

tally

total

reckoning

noun

1.

count

addition

calculation

estimate

2.

bill

account

charge

due

score

reckon on ***

reckon on reckons on; reckoning on; reckoned on
If you reckon on something, you feel certain that it will happen and are therefore prepared for it.

- They are typical of couples who plan a family without reckoning on the small fortune it will cost.

- He reckons on being world heavyweight champion.

PHR-V

reckon without ***

reckon without reckons without; reckoning without; reckoned without
If you say that you had reckoned without something, you mean that you had not expected it and so were not prepared for it.

- I thought that it would take only a day of hard driving to reach Chengdu. But I had reckoned without the landslides.

PHR-V

reclaim

[D.J.:riˈkleim]

[K.K.:rɪˈklem]

vt.

要求收回

开拓(荒地); 开垦

从废料中回收(有用的材料)

纠正; 教化, 改造

reclaimed

再生的;翻造的;收复的;回收的

reclaiming

回收;翻造

reclaim *

1. reclaim reclaims reclaiming reclaimed
If you reclaim something that you have lost or that has been taken away from you, you succeed in getting it back.

- In 1986, they got the right to reclaim South African citizenship.

- `I've come to reclaim my property,' she announced to the desk clerk.

VB

2. reclaim reclaims reclaiming reclaimed
If you reclaim an amount of money, for example tax that you have paid, you claim it back.

- There are an estimated eight million people currently thought to be eligible to reclaim income tax.

VB

3. reclaim reclaims reclaiming reclaimed
When people reclaim land, they make it suitable for a purpose such as farming or building, for example by draining it or by building a barrier against the sea.

- The Netherlands has been reclaiming farmland from water.

- ...a scheme to build a residential development on 1,100 acres of reclaimed land in Tokyo Bay.

VB

4. reclaim reclaims reclaiming reclaimed
If a piece of land that was used for farming or building is reclaimed by a desert, forest, or the sea, it turns back into desert, forest, or sea.

- The diamond towns are gradually being reclaimed by the desert.

- This method of spraying would allow the land to be reclaimed by the rain forests.

VB: usu passive

5. reclaim reclaims reclaiming reclaimed
If you reclaim a person who has been involved in bad or criminal behaviour, you cause them to stop acting in that way.

- He set out to fight the drug infestation of Omaha by reclaiming a youth from the local gangs.

VB

reclaim

verb

regain

recapture

recover

redeem

reform

retrieve

salvage

reclamation

[D.J.:ˌrekləˈmeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛkləˈmeʃən]

n.

开垦,开拓

改造,感化

废物回收利用,再造,再生

reclamation

reclamation
Reclamation is the process of changing land that is unsuitable for farming or building into land that can be used.

- ...centuries of sea-wall construction and the reclamation of dry land from the marshes...

- The area is needed for a land reclamation project.

N-UNCOUNT

recline

[D.J.:rɪˈklaɪn]

[K.K.:rɪˈklaɪn]

vi.

斜倚, 倚靠，躺卧

recline *

1. recline reclines reclining reclined
If you recline on something, you sit or lie on it with the upper part of your body supported at an angle.

- She proceeded to recline on a chaise longue.

- Move to a reclining position on the mattress and rest for 15 minutes.

VB
= lie

2. recline reclines reclining reclined
When a seat reclines or when you recline it, you lower the back so that it is more comfortable to sit in.

- Air France first-class seats recline almost like beds.

- Ramesh had reclined his seat and was lying back smoking.

- He was comfortably seated in a soft reclining chair.

V-ERG

recline

verb

lean

lie (down)

loll

lounge

repose

rest

sprawl

recluse

[D.J.:ˈrekˌlu:s, rɪˈklu:s]

[K.K.:ˈrɛkˌlus, rɪˈklus]

n.

隐居者,遁世者,隐士

recluse

recluse recluses
A recluse is a person who lives alone and deliberately avoids other people.

- His widow became a virtual recluse for the remainder of her life.

N-COUNT: usu sing

recluse

noun

hermit

anchoress

anchorite

monk

solitary

reclusive

[D.J.:riˈklu:siv]

[K.K.:rɪˈklusɪv, -zɪv]

adj.

隐遁的,隐居的

reclusive

reclusive
A reclusive person or animal lives alone and deliberately avoids the company of others.

- A reclusive millionaire left his luxury home to the housekeeper he had hardly spoken to for 21 years.

- She had become increasingly ill and reclusive.

ADJ-GRADED

reclusive

adjective

solitary

hermit-like

isolated

retiring

withdrawn

recognition

[D.J.:ˌrekəɡˈniʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛkəɡˈnɪʃən]

n.

认识; 认出; 承认

〈正〉酬谢, 酬劳

recognition ***

1. recognition
Recognition is the act of recognizing someone or identifying something when you see it.

- George said, `Ida, how are you?' She frowned for a moment and then recognition dawned. `George Black. Well, I never.'.

- He searched for a sign of recognition on her face, but there was none.

N-UNCOUNT

2. recognition
Recognition of something is an understanding and acceptance of it.

- The CBI welcomed the Chancellor's recognition of the recession and hoped for a reduction in interest rates.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp
= acceptance

3. recognition
When a government gives diplomatic recognition to another country, they officially accept that its status is valid.

- South Africa gave diplomatic recognition to Rwanda's new government on September 15.

- His government did not receive full recognition by Britain until July.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

4. recognition
When a person receives recognition for the things that they have done, people acknowledge the value or skill of their work.

- At last, her father's work has received popular recognition.

- He is an outstanding goalscorer who doesn't get the recognition he deserves.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

5. recognition
If you say that someone or something has changed beyond recognition or out of all recognition , you mean that person or thing has changed so much that you can no longer recognize them.

- The bodies were mutilated beyond recognition.

- The facilities have improved beyond all recognition.

- The situation in Eastern Europe has changed out of all recognition.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

6. recognition
If something is done in recognition of someone's achievements, it is done as a way of showing official appreciation of them.

- Brazil is about to normalise its diplomatic relations with South Africa in recognition of the steps taken to end apartheid.

- He had just received a doctorate in recognition of his contributions to seismology.

PHR-PREP

recognition

noun

1.

identification

discovery

recollection

remembrance

2.

acceptance

admission

allowance

confession

3.

appreciation

notice

respect

recognizable

[D.J.:ˈrekəgnaizəbl]

adj.

可认出的;可承认的;可认可的

recognizably

adv.

可被认识地,可辨别地

recognizable *

1. recognizable
If something can be easily recognized or identified, you can say that it is easily recognizable .

- The vault was opened and the body found to be well preserved, his features easily recognizable.

- This tree is always recognizable by its extremely beautiful silvery bark.

- ...the world's most recognizable athlete.

ADJ-GRADED: oft adv ADJ, ADJ as/by/to n (BRIT) also recognisable

2. recognizably

- The request, naturally, is politely phrased but is still recognizably a command.

- At seven weeks, an embryo is about three-fourths of an inch long and recognizably human.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV n, ADV adj

recognize

[D.J.:ˈrekəɡnaiz]

[K.K.:ˈrɛkəɡˌnaɪz]

vt.

认出, 识别出某人[某事物]

承认…有效[属实]; 认可

承认[认清](某事物); 认识到

recognized

adj.

公认的,经过验证的

recognize ****

1. recognize recognizes recognized
If you recognize someone or something, you know who that person is or what that thing is.

- The receptionist recognized him at once.

- He did not think she could recognize his car in the snow.

- A man I easily recognized as Luke's father sat with a newspaper on his lap.

VB: no cont (BRIT) also recognise

2. recognize recognizes recognized
If someone says that they recognize something, they acknowledge that it exists or that it is true.

- I recognize my own shortcomings.

- Well, of course I recognize that evil exists.

VB: no cont (BRIT) also recognise
= accept

3. recognize recognizes recognizing recognized
If people or organizations recognize something as valid, they officially accept it or approve of it.

- Most doctors appear to recognize homeopathy as a legitimate form of medicine.

- France is on the point of recognizing the independence of the Baltic States.

- ...a nationally recognized expert on psychology.

VB (BRIT) also recognise
= accept

4. recognize recognizes recognizing recognized
When people recognize the work that someone has done, they show their appreciation of it, often by giving that person an award of some kind.

- The RAF recognized him as an outstandingly able engineer.

- He had the insight to recognize their talents.

- Nichols was recognized by the Hall of Fame in 1949.

VB (BRIT) also recognise

recognize

verb

1.

identify

know

notice

place

recall

recollect

remember

spot

2.

accept

acknowledge

admit

allow

concede

grant

3.

appreciate

notice

respect

recoil

[D.J.:rɪˈkɔɪl]

[K.K.:rɪˈkɔɪl]

vi.

畏缩, 退缩

报应，返回，回报

n.

(尤指枪炮的)反冲, 后坐力

recoiling

反冲;再绕

recoil *

1. recoil recoils recoiling recoiled
If something makes you recoil , you move your body quickly away from it because it frightens, offends, or hurts you.

- For a moment I thought he was going to kiss me. I recoiled in horror.

- We are attracted by nice smells and recoil from nasty ones.

VB

2. recoil
Also a noun.

- His reaction was as much of a rebuff as a physical recoil.

- ...his small body jerking in recoil from the volume of his shouting.

N-UNCOUNT

3. recoil recoils recoiling recoiled
If you recoil from doing something or recoil at the idea of something, you refuse to do it or accept it because you dislike it so much.

- People used to recoil from the idea of getting into debt.

- She recoiled at the number of young girls who had to live by selling their bodies.

VB

4. recoil
The recoil of a gun is the quick backward movement that it makes when it is fired.

- The policeman fires again, tensed against the recoil, unleashing round after round at his assailant.

- I assembled the weapon, checked the firing and recoil mechanism and loaded it.

N-SING: also no det

recoil

verb

1.

jerk back

kick

react

rebound

spring back

2.

draw back

falter

quail

shrink

3.

backfire

boomerang

misfire

rebound

noun

4.

reaction

backlash

kick

rebound

repercussion

recollect

[D.J.:ˌrekəˈlekt]

[K.K.:ˌrɛkəˈlɛkt]

vt.

记起;想起

recollected

[ˌrekəˈlektid]

adj.

冷静的,镇定的,被回忆起的,沉思默想的

recollect

recollect recollects recollecting recollected
If you recollect something, you remember it.

- Ramona spoke with warmth when she recollected the doctor who used to be at the county hospital.

- His efforts, the Duke recollected many years later, were distinctly half-hearted.

VB
= remember

recollect

verb

remember

place

recall

summon up

recollection

[D.J.:ˌrekəˈlekʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛkəˈlɛkʃən]

n.

回忆, 追忆

往事, 回忆录

recollection *

recollection recollections
If you have a recollection of something, you remember it.

- Pat has vivid recollections of the trip, and remembers some of the frightening aspects I had forgotten.

- He had no recollection of the crash.

- Suddenly his mind filled with the recollection of a song she used to sing.

- She had a sudden burst of recollection and had to share it with me.

N-VAR
= memory

recollection

noun

memory

impression

recall

remembrance

reminiscence

recommence

[ˈri:kəˈmens]

v.

(使)重新开始

recommence

recommence recommences recommencing recommenced
If you recommence something or if it recommences , it begins again after having stopped. (WRITTEN)

- He recommenced work on his novel.

- His course at Sheffield University will not recommence until next year.

V-ERG

recommend

[D.J.:ˌrekəˈmend]

[K.K.:ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd]

vt.

推荐, 介绍, 赞许某人[某事物]

劝告, 建议

(特质等)使…显得可取

recommended

被推荐的

recommend ****

1. recommend recommends recommending recommended
If someone recommends a person or thing to you, they suggest that you would find that person or thing good or useful.

- I have just spent a holiday there and would recommend it to anyone.

- `You're a good worker, boy,' he told him. `I'll recommend you for a promotion.'.

- Ask your doctor to recommend a suitable therapist.

VB

2. recommended

- Though ten years old, this book is highly recommended.

ADJ-GRADED

3. recommend recommends recommending recommended
If you recommend that something is done, you suggest that it should be done.

- The judge recommended that he serve 20 years in prison.

- We strongly recommend reporting the incident to the police.

- It is recommended that you should consult your doctor.

- The recommended daily dose is 12 to 24 grams.

VB

4. recommend recommends recommending recommended
If something or someone has a particular quality to recommend them, that quality makes them attractive or gives them an advantage over similar things or people.

- La Noblesse restaurant has much to recommend it.

- He had little but his enthusiasm to recommend him.

- These qualities recommended him to Olivier.

VB

recommend

verb

1.

advise

advance

advocate

counsel

prescribe

propose

put forward

suggest

2.

praise

approve

commend

endorse

recommendation

[D.J.:ˌrekəmenˈdeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛkəmɛnˈdeʃən]

n.

推荐, 劝告, 建议(尤做法)

推荐信, 介绍信

recommendation ***

1. recommendation recommendations
The recommendations of a person or a committee are their suggestions or advice on what is the best thing to do.

- The committee's recommendations are unlikely to be made public.

- Lord Justice Woolf will make recommendations for reform in his report.

- The decision was made on the recommendation of the Interior Minister.

N-VAR: oft with poss

2. recommendation recommendations
A recommendation of something is the suggestion that someone should have or use it because it is good.

- On O'Leary's recommendation, they started with tortellini.

- The best way of finding a solicitor is though personal recommendation.

N-VAR

recommendation

noun

1.

advice

counsel

proposal

suggestion

2.

praise

advocacy

approval

commendation

endorsement

reference

sanction

testimonial

recompense

[D.J.:ˈrekəmˌpens]

[K.K.:ˈrɛkəmˌpɛns]

vt.

赔偿，补偿

酬报, 酬谢

n.

报酬

赔偿，补偿

报应；惩罚

recompense

1. recompense
If you are given something, usually money, in recompense , you are given it as a reward or because you have suffered. (FORMAL)

- He demands no financial recompense for his troubles.

- Substantial damages were paid in recompense.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n, in N
= compensation

2. recompense recompenses recompensing recompensed
If you recompense someone for their efforts or their loss, you give them something, usually money, as a payment or reward. (FORMAL)

- The fees offered by the NHS do not recompense dental surgeons for their professional time.

- If they succeed in court, they will be fully recompensed for their loss.

VB
= compensate

recompense

verb

1.

reward

pay

remunerate

2.

compensate

make up for

pay for

redress

reimburse

repay

requite

noun

3.

compensation

amends

damages

payment

remuneration

reparation

repayment

requital

restitution

4.

reward

payment

return

wages

reconcile

[D.J.:ˈrekənsail]

[K.K.:ˈrɛkənˌsaɪl]

vt.

使和好; 和解

使一致, 使和谐

reconcile **

1. reconcile reconciles reconciling reconciled
If you reconcile two beliefs, facts, or demands that seem to be opposed or completely different, you find a way in which they can both be true or both be successful.

- It's difficult to reconcile the demands of my job and the desire to be a good father.

- We suggest that it is possible to reconcile these apparently opposing perspectives.

- Negotiators must now work out how to reconcile these demands with American demands for access.

VB

2. reconcile
If you are reconciled with someone, you become friendly with them again after a quarrel or disagreement.

- He never believed he and Susan would be reconciled.

- Devlin was reconciled with the Catholic Church in his last few days.

V-RECIP-PASSIVE

3. reconcile reconciles reconciling reconciled
If you reconcile two people, you make them become friends again after a quarrel or disagreement.

- ...my attempt to reconcile him with Toby.

VB

4. reconcile reconciles reconciling reconciled
If you reconcile yourself to an unpleasant situation, you accept it, although it does not make you happy to do so.

- She had reconciled herself to never seeing him again.

VB

5. reconciled

- She felt, if not grateful for her own lot, at least a little more reconciled to it.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n/-ing

reconcile

verb

1.

resolve

adjust

compose

put to rights

rectify

settle

square

2.

reunite

appease

conciliate

make peace between

propitiate

3.

accept

put up with informal

resign oneself

submit

yield

reconciliation

[D.J.:ˌrekənsiliˈeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛkənˌsɪliˈeʃən]

n.

和解, 调和; 一致; 勉强接受

(争吵等的)止息; 和解

reconciliation **

1. reconciliation reconciliations
Reconciliation between two people or countries who have quarrelled is the process of their becoming friends again. A reconciliation is an instance of this.

- ...an appeal for reconciliation between Catholics and Protestants...

- The couple have separated but he wants a reconciliation.

- Their handshake appeared to be a gesture of reconciliation.

N-VAR: oft N between/with/of n

2. reconciliation
The reconciliation of two beliefs, facts, or demands that seem to be opposed is the process of finding a way in which they can both be true or both be successful.

- ...the ideal of democracy based upon a reconciliation of the values of equality and liberty.

N-SING: N between/of/with n

reconciliation

noun

reunion

conciliation

pacification

reconcilement

recondite

[D.J.:ˈrekənˌdaɪt, rɪˈkɔnˌdaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈrɛkənˌdaɪt, rɪˈkɑnˌdaɪt]

adj.

深奥的

晦涩的

recondite

recondite
Recondite areas of knowledge or learning are difficult to understand, and not many people know about them. (FORMAL)

- Her poems are modishly experimental in style and recondite in subject-matter.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= esoteric

recondite

adjective

obscure

arcane

concealed

dark

deep

difficult

hidden

mysterious

occult

profound

secret

recondition

[D.J.:ˌri:kənˈdɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrikənˈdɪʃən]

vt.

修理,修复,修补翻新

reconditioning

[ˈri:kənˈdiʃəniŋ]

n.

重加热(煮),再调理

recondition

recondition reconditions reconditioning reconditioned
To recondition a machine or piece of equipment means to repair or replace all the parts that are damaged or broken.

- He made contact with someone with an idea for reconditioning laser copiers.

- They sell used and reconditioned motorcycle parts.

VB

recondition

verb

restore

do up informal

overhaul

remodel

renew

renovate

repair

revamp

reconfirm

[D.J.:ˌri:kənˈfɜ:m]

[K.K.:ˌrikənˈfə..m]

vt.

重新确认,使更巩固,重新批准

reconfirmation

n.

reconfirmation

[ˌri:kɔnfəˈmeiʃən]

n.

再证实,再确认

reconfirm

reconfirm reconfirms reconfirming reconfirmed
Reconfirm means the same as confirm .
VB

reconnaissance

[D.J.:rɪˈkɔnəsəns, -zəns]

[K.K.:rɪˈkɑnəsəns, -zəns]

n.

(对某地区的)侦察或观测(尤指为军事目的);(执行侦察任务的)巡逻队、飞行队等

reconnaissance *

reconnaissance
Reconnaissance is the activity of obtaining military information about a place by sending soldiers or planes there, or by the use of satellites.

- The helicopter was returning from a reconnaissance mission.

- The aircraft will be used for reconnaissance rather than combat.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

reconnaissance

noun

inspection

exploration

investigation

observation

recce slang

scan

survey

reconnect

[ˌri:kəˈnekt]

vt.

再供应(水电等); 再接通(电话)

reconnection

[ˈri:kəˈnekʃən]

n.

重接

reconnect

1. reconnect reconnects reconnecting reconnected
If a company reconnects your electricity, water, gas, or telephone after it has been stopped, they provide you with it once again.

- They charge a £66.10 fee for reconnecting cut-off customers.

- Local electricity companies say some homes won't be reconnected until the end of the week.

VB

2. reconnection

- The cost of reconnection after supplies are cut off is high.

N-UNCOUNT

reconnoitre

[ˌrekəˈnɔitə]

v.

侦察,勘探

reconnoitre

reconnoitre reconnoitres reconnoitring reconnoitred
To reconnoitre an area means to obtain information about its geographical features or about the size and position of an army there.

- He was sent to Eritrea to reconnoitre the enemy position.

- I left a sergeant in command and rode forward to reconnoitre.

VB (AM) reconnoiter

reconnoitre

verb

inspect

case slang

explore

investigate

observe

scan

spy out

survey

reconquer

[ˈri:ˈkɔŋkə]

v.

再征服,夺回

reconquer

reconquer reconquers reconquering reconquered
If an army reconquers a country or territory after having lost it, they win control over it again.

- A crusade left Europe in an attempt to reconquer the Holy City.

VB

reconsider

[D.J.:ˌri:kənˈsɪdə]

[K.K.:ˌrikənˈsɪdɚ]

vt.

重新考虑

reconsideration

n.

再考虑,再审议,新审议

reconsider *

1. reconsider reconsiders reconsidering reconsidered
If you reconsider a decision or opinion, you think about it and try to decide whether it should be changed.

- We want you to reconsider your decision to resign from the board.

- This has forced the United States to seriously reconsider its position.

- If at the end of two years you still feel the same, we will reconsider.

VB

2. reconsideration

- The report urges reconsideration of the decision.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

reconsider

verb

rethink

reassess

review

revise

think again

reconstitute

[D.J.:ri:ˈkɔnstɪˌtu:t, -ˌtju:t]

[K.K.:riˈkɑnstɪˌtut, -ˌtjut]

vt.

再组成, 再构成

加水使(脱水食物)复原

reconstituted

[ˌri:ˈkɔnstitju:tid]

adj.

再造的,再生的

reconstitution

n.

补充头寸

reconstitute *

1. reconstitute reconstitutes reconstituting reconstituted
If an organization or state is reconstituted , it is formed again in a different way.

- Slowly Jewish communities were reconstituted and Jewish life began anew.

- ...the reconstituted Communist Party, now called the Party of Democratic Socialism.

VB: usu passive

2. reconstitution

- The report recommended suspension and reconstitution of the district party under redrafted rules.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

3. reconstitute reconstitutes reconstituting reconstituted
To reconstitute dried food means to add water to it so that it can be eaten.

- To reconstitute dried tomatoes, simmer in plain water until they are tender.

- Try eating reconstituted dried prunes, figs or apricots.

VB

reconstruct

[D.J.:ˌri:kənˈstrʌkt]

[K.K.:ˌrikənˈstrʌkt]

vt.

重建

重现, 重整

reconstructed

[ˌri:kənˈstrʌktid]

adj.

重建的,改造的

reconstruct *

1. reconstruct reconstructs reconstructing reconstructed
If you reconstruct something that has been destroyed or badly damaged, you build it and make it work again.

- The government must reconstruct the shattered economy.

- He had plastic surgery to help reconstruct his badly damaged face.

- Although this part of Normandy was badly bombed during the war it has been completely reconstructed.

VB
= rebuild

2. reconstruct reconstructs reconstructing reconstructed
To reconstruct a system or policy means to change it so that it works in a different way.

- She actually wanted to reconstruct the state and transform society.

- It is important to think about how these institutions might be reconstructed in our own societies.

VB

3. reconstruct reconstructs reconstructing reconstructed
If you reconstruct an event that happened in the past, you try to get a complete understanding of it by combining a lot of small pieces of information.

- He began to reconstruct the events of 21 December 1988, when flight 103 disappeared.

- Elaborate efforts were made to reconstruct what had happened.

VB

reconstruct

verb

1.

rebuild

recreate

regenerate

remake

remodel

renovate

restore

2.

deduce

build up

piece together

reconstruction

[D.J.:ˌri:kənˈstrʌkʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrikənˈstrʌkʃən]

n.

重建,再建;再现,复原

重建物;复原物

reconstruction **

1. reconstruction
Reconstruction is the process of making a country normal again after a war, for example by making the economy stronger and by replacing buildings that have been damaged.

- ...America's part in the post-war reconstruction of Germany.

N-UNCOUNT

2. reconstruction
The reconstruction of a building, structure, or road is the activity of building it again, because it has been damaged.

- Work began on the reconstruction of the road.

N-UNCOUNT

3. reconstruction reconstructions
The reconstruction of a crime or event is when people try to understand or show exactly what happened, often by acting it out.

- Mrs Kerr was too upset to take part in a reconstruction of her ordeal.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

reconstructive

[D.J.:ˌri:kənˈstrʌktiv]

[K.K.:ˌrikənˈstrʌktɪv]

adj.

重建的,改造的

reconstructive

reconstructive
Reconstructive surgery or treatment involves rebuilding a part of someone's body because it has been badly damaged, or because the person wants to change its shape.

- I needed reconstructive surgery to give me a new nose.

ADJ: ADJ n

reconvene

[ˈri:kənˈvi:n]

vt.

重新集合,重新召集

reconvene *

reconvene reconvenes reconvening reconvened
If a parliament, court, or conference reconvenes or if someone reconvenes it, it meets again after a break.

- The Commons reconvenes in mid-October.

- It was certainly serious enough for him to reconvene Parliament.

- He insisted that the security council be reconvened that night to authorise the rapid reaction force.

V-ERG

record

[D.J.:riˈkɔ:d]

[K.K.:rɪˈkɚd]

vt. & vi.

记录; 录音, 拍摄

vt.

显示; 自动记下

[ˈrekɔ:d]

n.

记录, 记载

最好的成绩, 水平; 纪录

经历, 履历; 功过

recorded

已记录的

recording

[D.J.:rɪˈkɔ:dɪŋ]

[K.K.:rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ]

n.

记录;录音;录像

唱片;录制品

adj.

记录的;录音的;录影的

record *****

1. record records
If you keep a record of something, you keep a written account or photographs of it so that it can be referred to later.

- Keep a record of all the payments.

- There's no record of any marriage or children.

- The result will go on your medical records.

N-COUNT

2. record records recording recorded
If you record a piece of information or an event, you write it down, photograph it, or put it into a computer so that in the future people can refer to it.

- Her letters record the domestic and social details of diplomatic life in China.

- ...a place which has rarely suffered a famine in its recorded history.

VB

3. record records recording recorded
If you record something such as a speech or performance, you put it on tape or film so that it can be heard or seen again later.

- There is nothing to stop viewers recording the films on videotape.

- The call was answered by a recorded message saying the company had closed early.

VB

4. record records recording recorded
If a musician or performer records a piece of music or a television or radio show, they perform it so that it can be put onto record, tape, or film.

- It took the musicians two and a half days to record their soundtrack for the film.

- She has recently recorded a programme for television.

VB

5. record records
A record is a round, flat piece of black plastic on which sound, especially music, is stored, and which can be played on a record player. You can also refer to the music stored on this piece of plastic as a record .

- This is one of my favourite records.

- ...the biggest and best-known record company in England.

N-COUNT

6. record records recording recorded
If a dial or other measuring device records a certain measurement or value, it shows that measurement or value.

- The test records the electrical activity of the brain.

- The index of the performance of leading shares recorded a 16 per cent fall.

VB

7. record records
A record is the best result that has ever been achieved in a particular sport or activity, for example the fastest time, the furthest distance, or the greatest number of victories.

- Roger Kingdom set the world record of 12.92 seconds.

- The painting was sold for £665,000 -- a record for the artist.

- ...the 800 metres, where she is the world record holder.

N-COUNT

8. record
You use record to say that something is higher, lower, better, or worse than has ever been achieved before.

- Profits were at record levels.

- She won the race in record time.

ADJ: ADJ n

9. record records
Someone's record is the facts that are known about their achievements or character.

- His record reveals a tough streak.

- He had a distinguished record as a chaplain.

- His country is making a big effort to improve its human rights record.

N-COUNT: with supp

10. record records
If someone has a criminal record , it is officially known that they have committed crimes in the past.

- ...a heroin addict with a criminal record going back 15 years...

- Where the accused has a record of violence, they should always be kept in custody.

N-COUNT

11. record
If you say that what you are going to say next is for the record , you mean that you are saying it publicly and officially and you want it to be written down and remembered.

- We're willing to state for the record that it has enormous value.

PHR

12. record
If you give some information for the record , you give it in case people might find it useful at a later time, although it is not a very important part of what you are talking about.

- For the record, most Moscow girls leave school at about 18.

- Perhaps you'd like to tell me what you were doing Monday. Just for the record.

PHR

13. record
If something that you say is off the record , you do not intend it to be considered as official, or published with your name attached to it.

- May I speak off the record?.

- At the end of the lunch, I said I had some off-the-record comments.

PHR: usu PHR after v, PHR n

14. record
If you are on record as saying something, you have said it publicly and officially and it has been written down.

- The Chancellor is on record as saying that the increase in unemployment is `a price worth paying' to keep inflation down.

PHR

15. record
If you keep information on record , you write it down or store it in a computer so that it can be used later.

- The practice is to keep on record any analysis of samples.

PHR

16. record
If something is the best, worst, or biggest on record , it is the best, worst, or biggest thing of its kind that has been noticed and written down.

- It's the shortest election campaign on record.

- The 1980s were the hottest decade on record.

PHR

17. record
If you set the record straight or put the record straight , you show that something which has been regarded as true is in fact not true.

- Let me set the record straight on the misconceptions contained in your article.

PHR

recording ***

1. recording recordings
A recording of something is a record, CD, tape, or video of it.

- ...a video recording of a police interview.

N-COUNT

2. recording
Recording is the process of making records, tapes, or videos.

- ...the recording industry.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

record

noun

1.

document

account

chronicle

diary

entry

file

journal

log

register

report

2.

evidence

documentation

testimony

trace

witness

3.

disc

album

LP

single

vinyl

4.

background

career

history

performance

off the record

5.

confidential

not for publication

private

unofficial

verb

6.

write down

chronicle

document

enter

log

minute

note

register

set down

take down

7.

tape

make a recording of

tape-record

video

video-tape

8.

register

give evidence of

indicate

say

show

recording

noun

record

disc

tape

video

record-breaker

n.

破记录者,破记录的表演或事件等

record-breaker

record-breaker record-breakers
A record-breaker is someone or something that beats the previous best result in a sport or other activity.

- The movie became a box-office record breaker.

N-COUNT also record breaker .

record-breaking

n.

破纪录

adj.

破纪录的

record-breaking *

record-breaking
A record-breaking success, result, or performance is one that beats the previous best success, result, or performance.

- Australia's rugby union side enjoyed a record-breaking win over France.

ADJ: ADJ n

recorded delivery

recorded delivery
If you send a letter or parcel recorded delivery , you send it using a Post Office service which gives you an official record of the fact that it has been posted and delivered. (BRIT; in AM usually use registered mail )

- Use recorded delivery for large cheques or money orders.

N-UNCOUNT

recorder

[D.J.:riˈkɔ:də]

[K.K.:rɪˈkɔrdɚ]

n.

录音机, 录像机

recorder **

1. recorder recorders
You can refer to a cassette recorder, a tape recorder, or a video recorder as a recorder .

- Rodney put the recorder on the desk top and pushed the play button.

N-COUNT
See also cassette recorder , tape recorder , video recorder .

2. recorder recorders
A recorder is a wooden or plastic musical instrument in the shape of a pipe. You play the recorder by blowing into the top of it and covering and uncovering the holes with your fingers.
N-VAR: oft the N

3. recorder
In the legal system of England and Wales, a recorder is a lawyer who is appointed as a part-time judge in the Crown Court.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE
= district judge

4. recorder recorders
A recorder is a machine or instrument that keeps a record of something, for example in an experiment or on a vehicle.

- Data recorders also pin-point mechanical faults rapidly, reducing repair times.

N-COUNT
See also flight recorder .

recorder

noun

chronicler

archivist

clerk

diarist

historian

scribe

record holder

record holder record holders
The record holder in a particular sport or activity is the person or team that holds the record for doing it fastest or best.

- ...the British record holder for the 200m backstroke.

N-COUNT: usu the N

record player

record player record players
A record player is a machine on which you can play a record in order to listen to the music or other sounds on it.
N-COUNT also record-player .

recount

[D.J.:rɪˈkaʊnt]

[K.K.:rɪˈkaʊnt]

vt.

详细叙述某事;讲述某事

重新计算

[D.J.:ˈrɪˌkaʊnt]

[K.K.:ˈrɪˌkaʊnt]

n.

重数, 重新计算选票

recount *

1. recount recounts recounting recounted
If you recount a story or event, you tell or describe it to people. (FORMAL)

- He then recounted the story of the interview for his first job.

- He recounted how heavily armed soldiers forced him from the presidential palace.

VB

2. recount recounts
A recount is a second count of votes in an election when the result is very close.

- She wanted a recount. She couldn't believe that I had got more votes than her.

N-COUNT

recount

verb

tell

depict

describe

narrate

recite

relate

repeat

report

recoup

[D.J.:rɪˈku:p]

[K.K.:rɪˈkup]

vt.

重获(所失的东西)

补偿, 偿还

recoup *

recoup recoups recouping recouped
If you recoup a sum of money that you have spent or lost, you get it back.

- Insurance companies are trying to recoup their losses by increasing premiums.

VB
= recover

recoup

verb

1.

regain

recover

retrieve

win back

2.

compensate

make up for

refund

reimburse

repay

requite

recourse

[D.J.:ˈri:ˌkɔ:s, -ˌkəʊrs, rɪˈkɔ:s, -ˈkəʊrs]

[K.K.:ˈriˌkɔrs, -ˌkors, rɪˈkɔrs, -ˈkors]

n.

求助对象

recourse *

recourse
If you achieve something without recourse to a particular course of action, you succeed without carrying out that action. To have recourse to a particular course of action means to have to do that action in order to achieve something. (FORMAL)

- It enabled its members to settle their differences without recourse to war.

- The public believes its only recourse is to take to the streets.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N to n

recourse

noun

option

alternative

choice

expedient

remedy

resort

resource

way out

recover

[riˈkʌvə]

vt.

恢复; 重新获得, 找回

〈正〉恢复(适当的状态或位置)

vi.

恢复健康(体力、能力等)

recovering

再生

recover ***

1. recover recovers recovering recovered
When you recover from an illness or an injury, you become well again.

- He is recovering from a knee injury.

- A policeman was recovering in hospital last night after being stabbed.

- He is fully recovered from the virus.

VB

2. recover recovers recovering recovered
If you recover from an unhappy or unpleasant experience, you stop being upset by it.

- ...a tragedy from which he never fully recovered...

- Her plane broke down and it was 18 hours before she got there. It took her three days to recover.

VB

3. recover recovers recovering recovered
If something recovers from a period of weakness or difficulty, it improves or gets stronger again.

- He recovered from a 4-2 deficit to reach the quarter-finals.

- The stockmarket index fell by 80% before it began to recover.

VB

4. recover recovers recovering recovered
If you recover something that has been lost or stolen, you find it or get it back.

- Police raided five houses in south-east London and recovered stolen goods.

- Rescue teams recovered more bodies from the rubble.

VB
= retrieve

5. recover recovers recovering recovered
If you recover a mental or physical state, it comes back again. For example, if you recover consciousness, you become conscious again.

- For a minute he looked uncertain, and then recovered his composure.

- She had a severe attack of asthma and it took an hour to recover her breath.

- She never recovered consciousness.

VB
= regain

6. recover recovers recovering recovered
If you recover money that you have spent, invested, or lent to someone, you get the same amount back.

- Legal action is being taken to try to recover the money.

- The British market alone was not large enough to recover their costs of production.

VB
= recoup

recover

verb

1.

get better

convalesce

get well

heal

improve

mend

rally

recuperate

revive

2.

regain

get back

recapture

reclaim

redeem

repossess

restore

retrieve

recoverable

[riˈkʌvərəbl]

adj.

可重获的

recoverable

recoverable
If something is recoverable , it is possible for you to get it back.

- If you decide not to buy, the money you have spent on the survey is not recoverable.

ADJ

recoveries

追回款

recovery

[D.J.:riˈkʌvəri]

[K.K.:rɪˈkʌvəri]

n.

重获, 复得

恢复健康, 复原

recovery ***

1. recovery recoveries
If a sick person makes a recovery , he or she becomes well again.

- He made a remarkable recovery from a shin injury.

- He had been given less than a one in 500 chance of recovery by his doctors.

N-VAR

2. recovery recoveries
When there is a recovery in a country's economy, it improves.

- Interest-rate cuts have failed to bring about economic recovery.

- In many sectors of the economy the recovery has started.

N-VAR

3. recovery
You talk about the recovery of something when you get it back after it has been lost or stolen.

- A substantial reward is being offered for the recovery of a painting by Turner.

- She has a reasonable prospect of recovery from the insurer.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

4. recovery
You talk about the recovery of someone's physical or mental state when they return to this state.

- ...the abrupt loss and recovery of consciousness.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

5. recovery
If someone is in recovery , they are being given a course of treatment to help them recover from something such as a drug habit or mental illness.

- ...Carole, a compulsive pot smoker and alcoholic in recovery.

PHR

recovery

noun

1.

improvement

convalescence

healing

mending

recuperation

revival

2.

retrieval

reclamation

repossession

restoration

recreate

[D.J.:ˈrekri:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈrɛkriˌet]

vt.

再创造;再现

recreate *

recreate recreates recreating recreated
If you recreate something, you succeed in making it exist or seem to exist in a different time or place to its original time or place.

- The rooms are furnished and recreate the atmosphere of the castle's medieval heyday.

- I am trying to recreate family life far from home.

VB

recreation

[D.J.:ˌrekriˈeiʃn]

[K.K.:ˌrɛkriˈeʃən]

n.

娱乐(方式); 消遣(方式)

recreation **

1. recreation recreations
Recreation consists of things that you do in your spare time to relax.

- Saturday afternoon is for recreation and outings.

- All the family members need to have their own interests and recreations.

N-VAR

2. recreation recreations
A recreation of something is the process of making it exist or seem to exist again in a different time or place.

- They are seeking to build a faithful recreation of the original Elizabethan theatre.

N-COUNT

recreation

noun

pastime

amusement

diversion

enjoyment

entertainment

fun

hobby

leisure activity

play

relaxation

sport

recreational

[D.J.:ˌrekriˈeiʃənəl]

[K.K.:ˌrɛkriˈeʃənəl]

adj.

休养的,娱乐的

recreational *

recreational
Recreational means relating to things people do in their spare time to relax.

- ...parks and other recreational facilities.

- ...recreational use of alcohol.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

recrimination

[D.J.:rɪˌkrɪməˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˌkrɪməˈneʃən]

n.

吵架;相互指责

recrimination *

recrimination
Recriminations are accusations that two people or groups make about each other.

- The bitter rows and recriminations have finally ended the relationship.

- The war sweeps up everyone in hatred and recrimination.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

recrimination

noun

bickering

counterattack

mutual accusation

quarrel

squabbling

recruit

[D.J.:riˈkru:t]

[K.K.:rɪˈkrut]

n.

新兵

(机构中的)新成员

vt.

招聘; 吸引(新成员)

吸收某人为新成员

vt. & vi.

招募, 征募(新兵)

恢复健康, 恢复体力

recruiter

[D.J.:rɪˈkru:tə]

[K.K.:rɪˈkrutɚ]

n.

招聘人员;征兵人员

recruit ***

1. recruit recruits recruiting recruited
If you recruit people for an organization, you select them and persuade them to join it or work for it.

- The police are trying to recruit more black and Asian officers.

- She set up her stand to recruit students to the Anarchist Association.

- He helped to recruit volunteers to go to Pakistan to fight.

VB

2. recruiter recruiters

- ...a Marine recruiter.

N-COUNT

3. recruiting

- A bomb exploded at an army recruiting office.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

4. recruit recruits
A recruit is a person who has recently joined an organization or an army.
N-COUNT

recruit

verb

1.

enlist

draft

enrol

levy

mobilize

muster

raise

2.

win (over)

engage

obtain

procure

noun

3.

beginner

apprentice

convert

helper

initiate

learner

novice

trainee

recruitment

[D.J.:rɪˈkru:tmənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈkrutmənt]

n.

征募新兵

补充

recruitment *

recruitment
The recruitment of workers, soldiers, or members is the act or process of selecting them for an organization or army and persuading them to join.

- ...the examination system for the recruitment of civil servants.

- ...a crisis in teacher recruitment.

N-UNCOUNT

rectal

[D.J.:ˈrekt(ə)l]

[K.K.:ˈrɛktəl]

adj.

直肠的

rectal

rectal
Rectal means relating to the rectum. (MEDICAL)

- ...rectal cancer.

ADJ: ADJ n

rectangle

[D.J.:ˈrektæŋɡl]

[K.K.:ˈrɛkˌtæŋɡəl]

n.

〈数〉长方形, 矩形

rectangle *

rectangle rectangles
A rectangle is a four-sided shape whose corners are all ninety degree angles. Each side of a rectangle is the same length as the one opposite to it.
N-COUNT

rectangular

[D.J.:rekˈtæŋɡjulə]

[K.K.:rɛkˈtæŋɡjəlɚ]

adj.

〈数〉长方形的; 矩形的

rectangular *

rectangular
Something that is rectangular is shaped like a rectangle.

- ...a rectangular table.

ADJ

rectification

[D.J.:ˌrektɪfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌr ɛktəfəˈkeʃən]

n.

矫正;改正

<电>整流

<化>精馏

<数>求长

rectification

rectification
The rectification of something that is wrong is the act of changing it to make it correct or satisfactory.

- ...the rectification of an injustice.

N-UNCOUNT

rectify

[D.J.:ˈrektifai]

[K.K.:ˈrɛktəˌfaɪ]

vt.

改正, 矫正

精馏

rectifying

整流;求曲线长

rectify *

rectify rectifies rectifying rectified
If you rectify something that is wrong, you change it so that it becomes correct or satisfactory.

- Only an act of Congress could rectify the situation.

- That mistake could have been rectified within 28 days.

VB
= correct

rectify

verb

correct

adjust

emend

fix

improve

redress

remedy

repair

right

rectitude

[D.J.:ˈrektɪˌtu:d, -ˌtju:d]

[K.K.:ˈrɛktɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

操行端正

rectitude

rectitude
Rectitude is a quality or attitude that is shown by people who behave honestly and morally according to accepted standards. (FORMAL)

- ...people of the utmost moral rectitude.

N-UNCOUNT

rectitude

noun

morality

decency

goodness

honesty

honour

integrity

principle

probity

virtue

rector

[D.J.:ˈrektə]

[K.K.:ˈrɛktɚ]

n.

(英国国教、圣公会等的)教区牧师,教区长

(天主教神学院的)院长,校长

(某些学校、大学的)校长

主任,主事人

rector *

1. rector rectors
A rector is a priest in the Church of England who is in charge of a particular area.

- He was rector of All Hallows Church in Wellingborough.

N-COUNT

2. rector rectors
A rector is an important official in some universities or colleges.

- ...the Rector of Imperial College, London.

N-COUNT

rectory

[D.J.:ˈrektəri:]

[K.K.:ˈrɛktəri]

n.

教区长的住宅

rectory

rectory rectories
A rectory is a house in which a Church of England rector and his family live.
N-COUNT

rectum

[D.J.:ˈrektəm]

[K.K.:ˈrɛktəm]

n.

直肠

rectum

rectum rectums
Someone's rectum is the bottom end of the tube down which waste food passes out of their body. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

recumbent

[D.J.:rɪˈkʌmbənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈkʌmbənt]

adj.

躺着的

斜靠的

recumbent

recumbent
A recumbent figure or person is lying down. (FORMAL)

- He looked down at the recumbent figure.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

recuperate

[D.J.:rɪˈku:pəˌreɪt, -ˈkju:-]

[K.K.:rɪˈkupəˌret, -ˈkju-]

vt. & vi.

恢复(健康、体力等);复原

recuperation

n.

复原;恢复;挽回;弥补

recuperative

adj.

(帮助)复原的;(帮助)恢复的

recuperation

n.

恢复

recuperative

[D.J.:rɪˈkju:pərətɪv]

[K.K.:rɪˈkjupəˌretɪv]

adj.

恢复中的;具恢复力的

recuperate *

1. recuperate recuperates recuperating recuperated
When you recuperate , you recover your health or strength after you have been ill or injured.

- I went away to the country to recuperate.

- He is recuperating from a serious back injury.

VB
= recover

2. recuperation

- Leonard was very pleased with his powers of recuperation.

N-UNCOUNT
= recovery

recuperate

verb

recover

convalesce

get better

improve

mend

recuperative

recuperative
Something that is recuperative helps you to recover your health and strength after an illness or injury.

- Human beings have great recuperative powers.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

recur

[D.J.:riˈkə:]

[K.K.:rɪˈkɚ]

vi.

再发生; 复发

recur *

recur recurs recurring recurred
If something recurs , it happens more than once.

- ...a theme that was to recur frequently in his work.

- ...a recurring nightmare she has had since childhood.

VB

recur

verb

happen again

come again

persist

reappear

repeat

return

revert

recurrence

[D.J.:riˈkʌrəns]

n.

复发;反复;重现

recurrence *

recurrence recurrences
If there is a recurrence of something, it happens again.

- Police are out in force to prevent a recurrence of the violence.

N-VAR: oft N of n

recurrent

[D.J.:rɪˈkɜ:rənt, -ˈkʌr-]

[K.K.:rɪˈkə..rənt, -ˈkʌr-]

adj.

经常发生的;周期性的

recurrent *

recurrent
A recurrent event or feeling happens or is experienced more than once.

- Race is a recurrent theme in the work.

- ...buildings in which staff suffer recurrent illness.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= recurring

recurrent

adjective

periodic

continued

frequent

habitual

recurring

recyclable

[ˌri:ˈsaikləbl]

adj.

可循环再用的

recyclable

recyclable
Recyclable waste or materials can be processed and used again.

- ...a separate bin for recyclable waste products.

ADJ-GRADED

recycle

[D.J.:ˌri:ˈsaikl]

[K.K.:riˈsaɪkəl]

vt.

回收利用

recycling

[ri:ˈsaikliŋ]

n.

再循环

recycle **

1. recycle recycles recycling recycled
If you recycle things that have already been used, such as bottles or sheets of paper, you process them so that they can be used again.

- The objective would be to recycle 98 per cent of domestic waste.

- All glass bottles which can't be refilled can be recycled.

- It is printed on recycled paper.

VB

2. recycling

- ...a recycling scheme.

N-UNCOUNT

recycle

verb

reprocess

reclaim

reuse

salvage

save

red

[D.J.:red]

[K.K.:rɛd]

adj.

红色的; 褐红色的; 深红的; 深紫色的

布满血丝的; 眼眶发红的; 充血的; 涨红的

支持左翼政治观点的; 社会党的

n.

红色

红衣服

拥护社会主义和共产主义的人; 革命分子, 激进分子

redder

red的比较级

reddest

red的最高级

red *****

1. red reds redder reddest
Something that is red is the colour of blood or fire.

- ...a bunch of red roses...

- She had small hands with nails painted bright red.

COLOUR

2. red redder reddest
If you say that someone's face is red , you mean that it is redder than its normal colour, because they are embarrassed, angry, or out of breath.

- With a bright red face I was forced to admit that I had no real idea.

- She was red with shame.

ADJ-GRADED

3. red
You describe someone's hair as red when it is between red and brown in colour.

- ...a girl with red hair...

- He is still vain enough to dye his hair red.

ADJ

4. red
Your red blood cells or red corpuscles are the cells in your blood which carry oxygen around your body.
ADJ: ADJ n

5. red reds
You can refer to red wine as red .

- The spicy flavours in these dishes call for reds rather than whites.

N-MASS

6. red reds
If you refer to someone as a red or a Red , you disapprove of the fact that they are a communist, a socialist or have left-wing ideas. (INFORMAL)

- They're all so terrified of Reds.

N-COUNT disapproval

7. red
If a person or company is in the red or if their bank account is in the red , they have spent more money than they have in their account and therefore they owe money to the bank.

- The theatre is £500,000 in the red.

- If you do go into the red you get charged 30p for each transaction.

PHR: v-link PHR
= in debt

8. red
If you see red , you suddenly become very angry.

- I didn't mean to break his nose. I just saw red.

PHR: V inflects

red

adjective

1.

crimson

carmine

cherry

coral

ruby

scarlet

vermilion

2.

chestnut

carroty

flame-coloured

reddish

sandy

titian

3.

flushed

blushing

embarrassed

florid

shamefaced

noun

in the red

4.

in debt

in arrears

insolvent

overdrawn

see red

5.

lose one's temper

blow one's top

crack up informal

fly off the handle informal

go ballistic slang chiefly U.S.

go mad informal

red alert

red alert red alerts
If a hospital, a police force, or a military force is on red alert , they have been warned that there may be an emergency, so they can be ready to deal with it.

- All the Plymouth hospitals are on red alert.

- Sirens sounded an end to the red alert.

N-VAR

red-blooded

[D.J.:ˈredˈblʌdɪd]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdˈblʌdɪd]

adj.

精力充沛的,活跃的

red-blooded

red-blooded
If a man is described as red-blooded , he is considered to be strong and healthy and have a strong interest in sex. (INFORMAL)

- Hers is a body which every red-blooded male cannot fail to have noticed.

ADJ: ADJ n
= virile

red-blooded

adjective Informal

vigorous

lusty

robust

strong

virile

redbrick

[D.J.:ˈredbrik]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdˌbrɪk]

adj.

新大学的

n.

新大学,新学院

redbrick

redbrick
In Britain, a redbrick university is one of the universities that were established in large cities outside London in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as opposed to much older universities such as Oxford and Cambridge.
ADJ: ADJ n

red cabbage

red cabbage red cabbages
A red cabbage is a cabbage with dark red leaves.
N-VAR

red card

1. red card red cards
In soccer or rugby, if a player is shown the red card , the referee holds up a red card to indicate that the player must leave the pitch for breaking the rules.
N-COUNT: usu singular

2. red card red cards red carding red carded
In soccer or rugby, if a player is red carded , the referee holds up a red card to indicate that the player must leave the pitch for breaking the rules. (JOURNALISM)

- Aitchison was red-carded for two fouls on Umberto.

VB

red carpet

red carpet red carpets
The red carpet is special treatment given to an important or honoured guest, for example the laying of a strip of red carpet for them to walk on.

- We'll give her some VIP treatment and roll out the red carpet.

- He is embarrassed by the red carpet treatment.

N-COUNT: usu sing

Red Crescent

Red Crescent
The Red Crescent is an organization in Muslim countries that helps people who are suffering, for example as a result of war, floods, or disease.
N-PROPER: the N

Red Cross **

Red Cross
The Red Cross is an international organization that helps people who are suffering, for example as a result of war, floods, or disease.
N-PROPER: the N

redcurrant

n.

红浆果树丛

redcurrant

redcurrant redcurrants
Redcurrants are very small, bright red berries that grow in bunches on a bush and can be eaten as a fruit or cooked to make a sauce for meat. The bush on which they grow can also be called a redcurrant . (BRIT)

- ...roast lamb and redcurrant jelly.

N-COUNT

redden

[D.J.:ˈredn]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdn..]

vt. & vi.

(使)变红

vi.

(由于羞愧、愤怒、天气热等)脸变红

reddening

红化

redden

redden reddens reddening reddened
If someone reddens or their face reddens , their face turns pink or red, often because they are embarrassed or angry. (WRITTEN)

- He was working himself up to a fury, his face reddening.

- She reddened instantly.

- Pearson massaged his reddened cheek.

VB

redden

verb

flush

blush

colour (up)

crimson

go red

reddish

[D.J.:ˈredɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdɪʃ]

adj.

淡红色的, 微红的

reddish *

reddish
Reddish means slightly red in colour.

- He had reddish brown hair.

- A pale reddish glow lit the sky.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

redecorate

[D.J.:ri:ˈdekəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:riˈdɛkəˌret]

vt. & vi.

(给建筑物的内部)再装修

redecoration

n.

重新装饰,再装饰(装修)

redecorate *

1. redecorate redecorates redecorating redecorated
If you redecorate a room or a building, you put new paint or wallpaper on it.

- Americans redecorate their houses and offices every few years.

- Our children have left home, and we now want to redecorate.

VB

2. redecoration

- The house is in desperate need of redecoration.

N-UNCOUNT

redeem

[D.J.:riˈdi:m]

[K.K.:rɪˈdim]

vt.

实践; 履行

使…免受责难; 挽回

补偿; 补救

用金钱赎回

解救, 使摆脱; 为…赎罪

redeemed

债券收回溢价

redeeming

[riˈdi:miŋ]

adj.

补偿的,弥补的

redeem *

1. redeem redeems redeeming redeemed
If you redeem yourself or your reputation, you do something that makes people have a good opinion of you again after you have behaved or performed badly.

- He had realized the mistake he had made and wanted to redeem himself.

- The sole redeeming feature of your behaviour is that you're not denying it.

VB

2. redeem redeems redeeming redeemed
When something redeems an unpleasant thing or situation, it prevents it from being completely bad.

- Work is the way that people seek to redeem their lives from futility.

- ...a long face with too prominent features that were redeemed by a fine pair of brown eyes...

- It was not a year to linger in the memory even if it did have some redeeming features.

VB

3. redeem redeems redeeming redeemed
If you redeem a debt or money that you have promised to someone, you pay money that you owe or that you promised to pay.

- The amount required to redeem the mortgage was £358,587.

- Take the voucher to your local branch of Woolworths and it will be redeemed for one toy.

VB

4. redeem redeems redeeming redeemed
If you redeem an object that belongs to you, you get it back from someone by repaying them money that you borrowed from them, after using the object as a guarantee.

- Make sure you know exactly what you will be paying back at the date upon which you plan to redeem the item.

VB

5. redeem redeems redeeming redeemed
In religions such as Christianity, to redeem someone means to save them by freeing them from sin and evil.

- ...a new female spiritual force to redeem the world.

VB
= save

redeem

verb

1.

make up for

atone for

compensate for

make amends for

2.

reinstate

absolve

restore to favour

3.

save

deliver

emancipate

free

liberate

ransom

4.

buy back

reclaim

recover

regain

repurchase

retrieve

redeemable

[riˈdi:məbl]

adj.

可赎回的; 可补救的

redeemable

redeemable
If something is redeemable , it can be exchanged for a particular sum of money or for goods worth a particular sum.

- Their full catalogue costs $5, redeemable against a first order.

ADJ: oft ADJ against/for n

Redeemer

n.

耶稣基督；救世主

Redeemer

Redeemer
In the Christian religion, the Redeemer is Jesus Christ.
N-PROPER: the N

redefine

[ˈri:diˈfain]

v.

重新定义

redefining

重新定义

redefine *

redefine redefines redefining redefined
If you redefine something, you cause people to consider it in a new way.

- We will finally have to redefine our relationship with neighbouring states in north Africa.

- Feminists have redefined the role of women.

VB

redefinition

n.

重新定义

redefinition

redefinition
The redefinition of something is the act or process of causing people to consider it in a new way.

- ...the redefinition of the role of the intellectual.

N-UNCOUNT

redemption

[D.J.:rɪˈdempʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈdɛmpʃən]

n.

赎回;补救;兑现

redemption *

1. redemption redemptions
Redemption is the act of redeeming something or of being redeemed by something.

- He craves redemption for his sins.

- ...redemption of the loan.

- ...regional differences in the frequency of cash redemptions and quota payment.

N-VAR

2. redemption
If you say that someone or something is beyond redemption , you mean that they are so bad it is unlikely that anything can be done to improve them.

- No man is beyond redemption.

- I have no doubt that we are polluting the environment beyond redemption.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

redemption

noun

1.

compensation

amends

atonement

reparation

2.

salvation

deliverance

emancipation

liberation

release

rescue

3.

repurchase

reclamation

recovery

repossession

retrieval

redemptive

[riˈdemptiv]

adj.

赎回的,挽回的,用于补偿的

redemptive

redemptive
In Christianity, a redemptive act or quality is something which leads to freedom from the consequences of sin and evil.

- ...the redemptive power of Christ.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

redeploy

[D.J.:ˌri:diˈplɔi]

[K.K.:ˌridɪˈplɔɪ]

vt.

重新部署; 调遣(士兵); 调配(工人、设备)

redeploy

1. redeploy redeploys redeploying redeployed
If forces or troops are redeployed or if they redeploy , they go to new positions so that they are ready for action.

- We were forced urgently to redeploy our forces.

- US troops are redeploying to positions held earlier.

V-ERG

2. redeploy redeploys redeploying redeployed
If resources or workers are redeployed , they are used for a different purpose or task.

- Some of the workers there will be redeployed to other sites.

- It would give us an opportunity to redeploy our resources.

VB

redeployment

[ˌri:diˈplɔimənt]

n.

调动; 调配; 重新布署

redeployment

redeployment redeployments
The redeployment of forces, troops, workers, or resources involves putting them in a different place from where they were before, or using them for a different task or purpose.

- ...a redeployment of troops in the border areas...

- Moira had accepted their offer of redeployment to the school in Tarbert.

N-VAR

redesign

[D.J.:ˌri:diˈzain]

[K.K.:ˌridɪˈzaɪn]

v.

重新设计

n.

重新设计,新设计

redesign *

redesign redesigns redesigning redesigned
If a building, vehicle, or system is redesigned , it is rebuilt according to a new design in order to improve it.

- The hotel has recently been redesigned and redecorated.

- The second step is to redesign the school system so that it produces a well-educated population.

- ...the completely redesigned car.

VB

redevelop

[D.J.:ˌri:diˈveləp]

[K.K.:ˌridɪˈvɛləp]

vt.

重建, 重新开发

redevelop

redevelop redevelops redeveloping redeveloped
When an area is redeveloped , existing buildings and roads are removed and new ones are built in their place.

- Birmingham is now going to be redeveloped again.

VB

redevelopment

n.

恢复(促进)经济发展,重点恢复

redevelopment *

redevelopment
When redevelopment takes place, the buildings in one area of a town are knocked down and new ones are built in their place.
N-UNCOUNT

red-eye

n.

熬夜航班，红眼航班

red-eye

1. red-eye red-eyes
A red-eye or a red-eye flight is a plane journey during the night. (INFORMAL)

- She was running to catch a red-eye to New York.

- He decided not to take the red-eye flight home but to wait and take a nine o'clock flight the following morning.

N-COUNT

2. red-eye
In photography, redeye is the unwanted effect that you sometimes get in photographs of people or animals where their eyes appear red because of the reflection of a camera flash or other light.

- Quite surprisingly for a budget-priced camera, it incorporates a redeye reduction facility.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n The spelling redeye is also used

red-faced

[D.J.:ˈredˈfeɪst]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdˈfest]

adj.

(因尴尬、羞愧等)脸红

red-faced

red-faced
A red-faced person has a face that looks red, often because they are embarrassed or angry.

- A red-faced Mr Jones was led away by police.

- Whenever he felt ill from any cause he became red-faced.

ADJ-GRADED

red flag

1. red flag red flags
A red flag is a flag that is red in colour and is used as a symbol to represent communism and socialism or to indicate danger or as a sign that you should stop.

- They waved red flags and shouted, `Lenin, yes'.

- Then the rain came and the red flag went up to signal a halt.

N-COUNT

2. red flag red flags
If you refer to something as a red flag , you mean that it acts as a danger signal.

- The abnormal bleeding is your body's own red flag of danger.

N-COUNT

red-handed

[D.J.:ˈredˈhændɪd]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdˈhændɪd]

adj.

现行犯的,正在作案的

手染血的

adv.

在犯罪现场,当场

手染血地

catch sb red-handed

当场抓住某人( 做坏事或犯罪)；现场捕获

red-handed

red-handed
If someone is caught red-handed , they are caught while they are in the act of doing something wrong.

- My boyfriend and I robbed a store and were caught red-handed.

PHR: V inflects

red-handed

adjective

in the act

bang to rights slang

(in) flagrante delicto

redhead

[D.J.:ˈredˌhed]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdˌhɛd]

n.

红发的人

红头啄木鸟

redhead

redhead redheads
A redhead is person, especially a woman, whose hair is a colour that is between red and brown.
N-COUNT

redheaded

[D.J.:ˈredˈhedid]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdˌhɛdɪd]

adj.

(人)红发的,(鸟)红头的,急躁的

redheaded

redheaded
A redheaded person is a person whose hair is between red and brown in colour.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

red herring

red herring red herrings
If you say that something is a red herring , you mean that it is not important and it takes your attention away from the main subject or problem you are considering.

- As Dr Smith left he said that the inquiry was something of a red herring.

N-COUNT

red-hot

[D.J.:ˈredˈhɔt]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdˈhɑt]

adj.

炽热的,非常激动的,最新的

red-hot *

1. red-hot
Red-hot metal or rock has been heated to such a high temperature that it has turned red.

- ...red-hot iron.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. red-hot
A red-hot object is too hot to be touched safely.

- In the main rooms red-hot radiators were left exposed.

ADJ

3. red-hot
Red-hot is used to describe a person or thing that is very popular, especially someone who is very good at what they do or something that is new and exciting. (JOURNALISM)

- Some traders are already stacking the red-hot book on their shelves.

- ...red-hot guitarist David Grissom.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. red-hot
If someone or something is described as red-hot , they show a lot of passion, enthusiasm, or excitement. (INFORMAL)

- ...a red-hot sex-life.

- ...a red-hot fury she had never realized she possessed.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

5. red-hot
The red-hot favourite in a race or contest is a person or team that is strongly expected to win. (INFORMAL)

- His team are red-hot favourites.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

Red Indian

Red Indian Red Indians
Native Americans who were living in North America when Europeans arrived there used to be called Red Indians . This use could cause offence. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

redirect

[D.J.:ˌri:dɪˈrekt, -daɪ-]

[K.K.:ˌridɪˈrɛkt, -daɪ-]

vt.

(以新的方式或目的)重新使用

改寄;改变投递方向

redirection

n.

redirection

[D.J.:ˈri:dɪˈrekʃən]

[K.K.:ˌridəˈr ɛkʃən]

n.

改方向;改寄

redirect *

1. redirect redirects redirecting redirected
If you redirect your energy, resources, or ability, you begin doing something different or trying to achieve something different.

- Controls were used to redistribute or redirect resources.

VB

2. redirection

- A redirection of resources would be required.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, usu N of n

3. redirect redirects redirecting redirected
If you redirect someone or something, you change their course or destination.

- She redirected them to the men's department.

VB

4. redirection

- ...the Royal Mail redirection service.

N-UNCOUNT

rediscover

[ri:diˈskʌvə]

vt.

再次(重新)发现

rediscover *

rediscover rediscovers rediscovering rediscovered
If you rediscover something good or valuable that you had forgotten or lost, you become aware of it again or find it again.

- Since Alan was disabled she has rediscovered the comfort of the Catholic faith in which she was brought up.

- Some of Naomi's earlier writings have been rediscovered in the 1980s and 1990s.

- Despite the newly rediscovered friendship, there's no doubt that more difficulties lie ahead.

VB

rediscovery

n.

重新发现

rediscovery

rediscovery rediscoveries
The rediscovery of something good that you had forgotten or lost is the fact or process of becoming aware of it again or finding it again.

- The best part of his expedition had been the rediscovery of his natural passion for making things.

N-VAR: N of n

redistribute

[D.J.:ˌri:dɪˈstrɪbju:t]

[K.K.:ˌridɪˈstrɪbjut]

vt.

重新分配

redistribution

n.

重新分配

redistribution

[D.J.:ˈri:distriˈbju:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌridɪstrəˈbjuʃən]

n.

重新分配,再区分

redistribute *

1. redistribute redistributes redistributing redistributed
If something such as money or property is redistributed , it is shared among people or organizations in a different way from the way that it was previously shared.

- Wealth was redistributed more equitably among society.

- Taxes could be used to redistribute income.

VB

2. redistribution

- One of a government's primary duties is to achieve some redistribution of income so that the better off can help to keep the worse off out of poverty.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

red-letter day

red-letter day red-letter days
A red-letter day is a day that you will always remember because something good happens to you then.
N-COUNT

red light *

1. red light red lights
A red light is a traffic signal which shines red to indicate that drivers must stop.
N-COUNT

2. red light
The red-light district of a city is the area where prostitutes work.
ADJ: ADJ n

red meat

red meat red meats
Red meat is meat such as beef or lamb, which is dark brown in colour after it has been cooked.
N-MASS

redneck

[D.J.:ˈredˌnek]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdˌnɛk]

n.

乡下人,农人

redneck

redneck rednecks
If someone describes a white man, especially a lower class American from the countryside, as a redneck , they disapprove of him because they think he is uneducated and has strong, unreasonable opinions. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- A large Texan redneck was shouting obscenities at Ali.

N-COUNT disapproval

redness

[ˈrednis]

n.

红,红色

redness

redness
Redness is the quality of being red.

- Slowly the redness left Sophie's face.

N-UNCOUNT

redid

[D.J.:ri:ˈdid]

[K.K.:riˈdɪd]

再做,重做(redo的过去式)

redo

[D.J.:ri:ˈdu:]

[K.K.:riˈdu]

vt.

再做;改装

redone

[D.J.:ˌri:ˈdʌn]

[K.K.:riˈdʌn]

redo的过去分词

redo

redo redoes redoing redid redone
If you redo a piece of work, you do it again in order to improve it or change it.

- They had redone their sums.

VB

redolent

[D.J.:ˈredlənt]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdlənt]

adj.

有强烈气味的

使人联想或回想起某事物的

redolent

1. redolent
If something is redolent of something else, it has features that make you think of that other thing. (LITERARY)

- ...percussion instruments, redolent of Far Eastern cultures.

- ...a sad tale, redolent with regret.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ of n

2. redolent
If something is redolent of something else, it smells strongly of that other thing. (LITERARY)

- ...the air redolent of cinnamon and apple.

- ...redolent with the scent of rosemary.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ of n

redolent

adjective

1.

reminiscent

evocative

suggestive

2.

scented

aromatic

fragrant

odorous

perfumed

sweet-smelling

redouble

[D.J.:ri:ˈdʌbəl]

[K.K.:riˈdʌbəl]

vt. & vi.

进一步加强,大大增加

vi.

再加倍,翻两番

redoubling

再折叠

redouble

redouble redoubles redoubling redoubled
If you redouble your efforts, you try much harder to achieve something. If something redoubles , it increases in volume or intensity.

- The president also called on nations to redouble their efforts to negotiate an international trade agreement.

- The applause redoubled.

V-ERG

redoubt

[D.J.:riˈdaut]

[K.K.:rɪˈdaʊt]

n.

(防御系统中的)最后阵地

孤立的前哨站

redoubt

redoubt redoubts
A redoubt is a place or situation in which someone feels safe because they know that nobody can attack them or spoil their peace. (LITERARY)

- ...the last redoubt of hippy culture.

N-COUNT
= haven

redoubtable

[D.J.:rɪˈdaʊtəbəl]

[K.K.:rɪˈdaʊtəbəl]

adj.

可怕的,厉害的

redoubtable

redoubtable
If you describe someone as redoubtable , you respect them because they have a very strong character, even though you are slightly afraid of them.

- ...the redoubtable Mr Brooks...

- He is a redoubtable fighter.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= formidable

redoubtable

adjective

formidable

fearful

fearsome

mighty

powerful

strong

redound

[D.J.:rɪˈdaʊnd]

[K.K.:rɪˈdaʊnd]

vt. & vi.

有助益,及于

报偿,报应

redound

redound redounds redounding redounded
If an action or situation redounds to your benefit or advantage, it gives people a good impression of you or brings you something that can improve your situation.

- The success in the Middle East redounds to his benefit.

- My skill in such matters might redound to my advantage.

VB

red pepper *

1. red pepper red peppers
Red peppers are peppers which are sweet-tasting and can be used in cooking or eaten raw in salads.

- ...2 large green or red peppers.

- ...cheese, lettuce and chopped red pepper.

N-VAR
= capsicum

2. red pepper red peppers
Red pepper is a hot-tasting spicy powder made from the flesh and seeds of small, dried, red peppers. It is used for flavouring food.

- ...oil flavored with hot red peppers.

N-MASS
= cayenne pepper

redraft

[ˈri:ˈdrɑ:ft]

n.

改写的草稿,反汇票

vt.

改写,重新起草

redraft

redraft redrafts redrafting redrafted
If you redraft something you have written, you write it again in order to improve it or change it.

- Parliament plans to redraft the law on privatisation.

- The speech had already been redrafted 22 times.

VB

redraw

[ri:ˈdrɔ:]

v.

重画;刷新屏幕

redrawing

重拉伸;再拉拔

redrew

[ˌri:ˈdru:]

redraw的过去式

redraw *

1. redraw redraws redrawing redrew redrawn
If people in a position of authority redraw the boundaries or borders of a country or region, they change the borders so that the country or region covers a slightly different area than before.

- They have redrawn the country's boundaries along ethnic lines.

- The map of post-war Europe was redrawn.

VB

2. redraw redraws redrawing redrew redrawn
If people redraw something, for example an arrangement or plan, they change it because circumstances have changed.

- With both countries experiencing economic revolutions, it might be time to redraw the traditional relationship.

- The Treaty of Union should be redrawn.

VB
= revise

redress

[D.J.:rɪˈdres]

[K.K.:rɪˈdrɛs]

n.

补偿, 赔偿;矫正

vt.

改正, 修正;矫正

redress the balance

重加权衡；恢复平衡；恢复公平合理的情况

redressing

划眼

redress *

1. redress redresses redressing redressed
If you redress something such as a wrong or a complaint, you do something to correct it or to improve things for the person who has been badly treated. (FORMAL)

- More and more victims turn to litigation to redress wrongs done to them.

VB

2. redress redresses redressing redressed
If you redress the balance or the imbalance between two things that have become unfair or unequal, you make them fair and equal again. (FORMAL)

- So we're trying to redress the balance and to give teachers a sense that both spoken and written language are equally important.

- ...to redress the economic imbalance between the developed countries and the developing countries.

VB

3. redress
Redress is money that someone pays you because they have caused you harm or loss. (FORMAL)

- They are continuing their legal battle to seek some redress from the government.

N-UNCOUNT
= compensation

redress

verb

1.

make amends for

compensate for

make up for

2.

put right

adjust

balance

correct

even up

rectify

regulate

noun

3.

amends

atonement

compensation

payment

recompense

reparation

red tape *

red tape
You refer to official rules and procedures as red tape when they seem unnecessary and cause delay.

- The little money that was available was tied up in bureaucratic red tape.

N-UNCOUNT

reduce

[D.J.:riˈdju:s]

[K.K.:rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus]

vt.

缩减, 减少; 降低

降低某人的级别或地位; 降职

使…陷入某种状态[状况]中

将…概括[简化]

将…还原

vi.

减轻体重; 节食

reduced

[riˈdju:st]

adj.

减少的,简化的

reducing

[D.J.:riˈdju:siŋ]

[K.K.:rɪˈdusɪŋ, -ˈdju-]

n.

减轻体重法

reduce ****

1. reduce reduces reducing reduced
If you reduce something, you make it smaller in size or amount, or less in degree.

- It reduces the risks of heart disease.

- Consumption is being reduced by 25 per cent.

- The reduced consumer demand is also affecting company profits.

VB
≠ increase

2. reduce reduces reducing reduced
If someone is reduced to a weaker or inferior state, they become weaker or inferior as a result of something that happens to them.

- They were reduced to extreme poverty.

- They wanted the army reduced to a police force.

VB: usu passive

3. reduce reduces reducing reduced
If you say that someone is reduced to doing something, you mean that they have to do it, although it is unpleasant or embarrassing.

- He was reduced to begging for a living.

VB: usu passive

4. reduce reduces reducing reduced
If something is changed to a different or less complicated form, you can say that it is reduced to that form.

- All the buildings in the town have been reduced to rubble.

- Politics has been reduced to class struggle.

VB: usu passive

5. reduce reduces reducing reduced
If you reduce liquid when you are cooking, or if it reduces , it is boiled in order to make it less in quantity and thicker.

- Boil the liquid in a small saucepan to reduce it by half.

- Simmer until mixture reduces.

V-ERG

6. reduce
If you say that someone is living in reduced circumstances , you mean that they do not have as much money as they used to have. (FORMAL)

- They are the descendants of emperors and kings and are now living in reduced circumstances.

PHR: usu in PHR

7. reduce
If someone or something reduces you to silence , they make you feel so upset or confused that you cannot speak.

- Her challenge reduced them to silence.

PHR: V inflects

8. reduce
If someone or something reduces you to tears , they make you feel so sad that you cry.

- The attentions of the media reduced her to tears.

PHR: V inflects

reduce

verb

1.

lessen

abate

curtail

cut down

decrease

diminish

lower

moderate

shorten

weaken

2.

degrade

break

bring low

downgrade

humble

reducible

[riˈdju:səbl]

adj.

可减少的,可约的,可还原的,可简化的

reducible

reducible
If you say that an idea, problem, or situation is not reducible to something simple, you mean that it is complicated and cannot be described in a simple way. (FORMAL)

- The structure of the universe may not be reducible to a problem in physics.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n, usu with brd-neg

reduction

[D.J.:riˈdʌkʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈdʌkʃən]

n.

减少, 缩小; 减少的量, 降价

reduction ***

1. reduction reductions
When there is a reduction in something, it is made smaller.

- ...a future reduction in UK interest rates...

- Many companies have announced dramatic reductions in staff.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
≠ increase

2. reduction
Reduction is the act of making something smaller in size or amount, or less in degree.

- ...a new strategic arms reduction agreement.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

reductionist

reductionist
Reductionist describes a way of analysing problems and things by dividing them into simpler parts.

- ...reductionist science...

- This encourages reductionist explanations of fascist ideology.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

reductive

[D.J.:riˈdʌktiv]

[K.K.:rɪˈdʌktɪv]

adj.

减少的,还原的

n.

还原剂

reductive

reductive
If you describe something such as a theory or a work of art as reductive , you disapprove of it because it reduces complex things to simple elements. (FORMAL)

- Jill Mann persuasively resists such a cynical reductive interpretation.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

redundancy

[D.J.:rɪˈdʌndənsi:]

[K.K.:rɪˈdʌndənsi]

n.

过多,过剩,多余

(尤指文字)冗长,累赘

(机器的)多余度,冗余;(自动)重复

redundancy **

1. redundancy redundancies
When there are redundancies , an organization tells some of its employees to leave because their jobs are no longer necessary or because the organization can no longer afford to pay them. (BRIT; in AM use dismissals or layoffs )

- The ministry has said it hopes to avoid compulsory redundancies.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. redundancy
Redundancy means being made redundant.

- Thousands of bank employees are facing redundancy as their employers cut costs.

- The company has had to make redundancy payments of £472 million.

N-UNCOUNT

redundancy

noun

unemployment

joblessness

layoff

the axe informal

the sack informal

redundant

[D.J.:riˈdʌndənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈdʌndənt]

adj.

因人员过剩而被解雇的

不需要的; 多余的

redundant **

1. redundant
If you are made redundant , your employer tells you to leave because your job is no longer necessary or because your employer cannot afford to keep paying you. (BRIT; in AM use be dismissed )

- My husband was made redundant late last year.

- ...a redundant miner.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

2. redundant
Something that is redundant is no longer needed because its job is being done by something else or because its job is no longer necessary or useful.

- Changes in technology may mean that once-valued skills are now redundant.

- ...the conversion of redundant buildings to residential use.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ
= unwanted

redundant

adjective

superfluous

extra

inessential

supernumerary

surplus

unnecessary

unwanted

redwood

[D.J.:ˈredˌwʊd]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdˌwʊd]

n.

(美国加州产的高大的)红杉

redwood

1. redwood redwoods
A redwood is an extremely tall tree which grows in California.
N-COUNT

2. redwood
Redwood is the wood from this tree.
N-UNCOUNT

reed

[ri:d]

n.

芦苇; 芦丛

簧舌; 簧片

reeds

钢坯梳状裂纹

reed *

1. reed reeds
Reeds are tall plants that grow in large groups in shallow water or on ground that is always wet and soft. They have strong, hollow stems that can be used for making things such as mats or baskets.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. reed reeds
A reed is a small piece of cane or metal inserted into the mouthpiece of a woodwind instrument. The reed vibrates when you blow through it and makes a sound.
N-COUNT

re-educate

[ri:ˈedjukeit]

vt.

对(某人)再培训或再教育

re-education

再训练

re-educate

1. re-educate re-educates re-educating re-educated
If an organization such as a government tries to re-educate a group of people, they try to make them adopt new attitudes, beliefs, or types of behaviour.

- We are having to re-educate the public very quickly about something they have always taken for granted.

VB (AM) also reeducate

2. re-education

- ...a programme of punishment and re-education of political dissidents.

N-UNCOUNT

reedy

[D.J.:ˈri:di]

[K.K.:ˈridi]

adj.

芦苇丛生的,芦苇做的,芦苇状的,细长的,脆弱的,尖声的,似笛声的

reedy

reedy
If you say that someone has a reedy voice, you think their voice is unpleasant because it is high and unclear.

- The big man had a high-pitched reedy voice.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

reef

[D.J.:ri:f]

[K.K.:rif]

n.

礁, 暗礁

reefs

礁体

reef *

reef reefs
A reef is a long line of rocks or sand, the top of which is just above or just below the surface of the sea.

- An unspoilt coral reef encloses the bay.

N-COUNT

reefer

[D.J.:ˈri:fə]

[K.K.:ˈrifɚ]

n.

收帆的人,双排扣水手上衣;〈美俚〉大麻卷烟,冷藏车,冰箱

reefer

1. reefer reefers
A reefer or reefer coat is a short thick coat which is often worn by sailors. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. reefer reefers
A reefer is a cigarette containing cannabis or marijuana. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= joint

reek

[D.J.:ri:k]

[K.K.:rik]

n.

恶臭

vi.

发出浓烈的臭气

reek of

散发(难闻的气味)

明显带有(令人不快或生疑的跡象)

reek *

1. reek reeks reeking reeked
To reek of something, usually something unpleasant, means to smell very strongly of it.

- Your breath reeks of stale cigar smoke.

- The entire house reeked for a long time.

VB
= stink

2. reek
Also a noun.

- He smelt the reek of whisky.

N-SING: usu N of n

3. reek reeks reeking reeked
If you say that something reeks of unpleasant ideas, feelings, or practices, you disapprove of it because it gives a strong impression that it involves those ideas, feelings, or practices.

- The whole thing reeks of hypocrisy.

VB disapproval

reek

verb

1.

stink

pong Brit. informal

smell

noun

2.

stink

fetor

odour

pong Brit. informal

smell

stench

reel

[D.J.:ri:l]

[K.K.:ril]

n.

卷轴; 卷筒; 线轴

vt.

把东西用卷轴卷起来; 从卷轴上放出来

vi.

蹒跚地走路; 摇晃着移动

发昏; 发热

reeling

[D.J.:ˈri:lɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrilɪŋ]

矫直

reel ***

1. reel reels
A reel is a cylindrical object around which you wrap something such as cinema film, magnetic tape, fishing line, or cotton thread. American English usually uses spool to refer to thicker reels.

- ...a 30m reel of cable.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. reel reels
You can talk about a reel as a way of referring to all the scenes in a film which fit onto one reel of film.

- I shall not reveal the movie's final reel.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. reel reels reeling reeled
If someone reels , they move about in an unsteady way as if they are going to fall.

- He was reeling a little. He must be very drunk.

- He lost his balance and reeled back.

- I stood up and almost fell, reeling against the deck rail.

VB

4. reel reels reeling reeled
If you are reeling from a shock, you are feeling extremely surprised or upset because of it.

- I'm still reeling from the shock of hearing of it.

- It left us reeling with disbelief.

VB: usu cont

5. reel reels reeling reeled
If you say that your brain or your mind is reeling , you mean that you are very confused because you have too many things to think about.

- His mind reeled at the question.

VB

6. reel reels
A reel is a type of fast Scottish dance, or fast country dance.
N-COUNT

reel

verb

1.

stagger

lurch

pitch

rock

roll

sway

2.

whirl

revolve

spin

swirl

reel in ***

reel in reels in; reeling in; reeled in
If you reel in something such as a fish, you pull it towards you by winding around a reel the wire or line that it is attached to.

- Gleacher reeled in the first fish.

- The crew of the US space shuttle Atlantis were preparing to reel in the craft.

PHR-V

reel off ***

reel off reels off; reeling off; reeled off
If you reel off information, you repeat it from memory quickly and easily.

- She reeled off the titles of a dozen or so of the novels.

PHR-V

re-elect

[ˈri:iˈlekt]

n.,vt.

重选,重新推选

re-elect **

1. re-elect re-elects re-electing re-elected
When someone such as a politician or an official who has been elected is re-elected , they win another election and are therefore able to continue in their position as, for example, president, or an official in an organization.

- The president will pursue lower taxes if he is re-elected.

- ...Ramon Mendoza was re-elected president of Real for a third successive four-year term...

- He was overwhelmingly re-elected as party leader.

VB (AM) also reelect

2. re-election

- I would like to see him stand for re-election.

- His re-election campaign is floundering.

N-UNCOUNT

re-enact

[ˈri:iˈnækt]

vt.

再次扮演;再次展现

re-enact

re-enact re-enacts re-enacting re-enacted
If you re-enact a scene or incident, you repeat the actions that occurred in the scene or incident.

- He re-enacted scenes from his TV series.

VB (AM) and sometimes (BRIT) reenact

re-enactment

re-enactment re-enactments
When a re-enactment of a scene or incident takes place, people re-enact it.
N-COUNT: usu N of n

re-enter

[ri:ˈentə]

v.

再次进入或加入(某事物)中；重返；重新报名或再次报名(尤指参加考试)

re-entering

再返

re-enter *

re-enter re-enters re-entering re-entered
If you re-enter a place, organization, or area of activity that you have left, you return to it.

- Ten minutes later he re-entered the hotel.

VB (AM) also reenter

re-entry

[D.J.:ri:ˈentrɪ]

[K.K.:riˈɛntrɪ]

n.

再进入

re-entry

1. re-entry
Re-entry is the act of returning to a place, organization, or area of activity that you have left.

- The house has been barred and bolted to prevent re-entry.

- The military men are contemplating a re-entry into politics.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N (AM) also reentry

2. re-entry
Re-entry is used to refer to the moment when a spacecraft comes back into the earth's atmosphere after being in space.

- The station would burn up on re-entry into the earth's atmosphere.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N (AM) also reentry

re-examine

[D.J.:ˌri:ɪgˈzæmɪn]

[K.K.:ˌriɪɡˈzæmɪn]

vt.

再次检查

re-examine *

1. re-examine re-examines re-examining re-examined
If a person or group of people re-examines their ideas, beliefs, or attitudes, they think about them carefully because they are no longer sure if they are correct.

- The European Community is to re-examine its policy towards South Africa.

- Her husband and children will also have to re-examine their expectations.

VB (AM) also reexamine
= reassess

2. re-examination re-examinations

- It was time for a re-examination of the situation.

- Energy policy is badly in need of radical re-examination.

N-VAR: usu N of n
= reassessment

ref

[D.J.:ref]

[K.K.:rɛf]

n.

裁判员

ref. *

1. ref.
Ref. is an abbreviation for reference . It is written in front of a code at the top of business letters and documents. The code refers to a file where all the letters and documents about the same matter are kept.

- Our Ref: JAH/JW.

2. ref refs
The ref in a sports game, such as soccer or boxing, is the same as the referee . (INFORMAL)

- The ref gave a penalty and Platini scored.

N-COUNT: usu the N

refectory

[D.J.:rɪˈfektəri:]

[K.K.:rɪˈfɛktəri]

n.

(修道院、学院等的)食堂,餐厅

refectory

refectory refectories
A refectory is a large room in a school, university or other institution, where meals are served and eaten.
N-COUNT
= canteen

refer

[D.J.:riˈfə:]

[K.K.:rɪˈfɚ]

vi.

提到; 针对; 关系到

vt.

送交; 提交

归于

vt. & vi.

参考; 查阅

referring

谈及,提交,咨询

refer ****

1. refer refers referring referred
If you refer to a particular subject or person, you talk about them or mention them.

- In his speech, he referred to a recent trip to Canada.

VB

2. refer refers referring referred
If you refer to someone or something as a particular thing, you use a particular word, expression, or name to mention or describe them.

- Marcia had referred to him as a dear friend.

- He simply referred to him as Ronnie.

- Our economy is referred to as a free market.

VB

3. refer refers referring referred
If a word refers to a particular thing, situation, or idea, it describes it in some way.

- The term electronics refers to electrically-induced action.

VB

4. refer refers referring referred
If a person who is ill is referred to a hospital or a specialist, they are sent there by a doctor in order to be treated.

- Patients are mostly referred to hospital by their general practitioners.

- The patient should be referred for tests immediately.

VB: usu passive

5. refer refers referring referred
If you refer a task or a problem to a person or an organization, you formally tell them about it, so that they can deal with it.

- He could refer the matter to the high court.

VB

6. refer refers referring referred
If you refer someone to a person or organization, you send them there for the help they need.

- Now and then I referred a client to him.

VB

7. refer refers referring referred
If you refer to a book or other source of information, you look at it in order to find something out.

- He referred briefly to his notebook.

VB

8. refer refers referring referred
If you refer someone to a source of information, you tell them the place where they will find the information which they need or which you think will interest them.

- Mr Bryan also referred me to a book by the American journalist Anthony Scaduto.

VB

refer

verb

1.

allude

bring up

cite

mention

speak of

2.

relate

apply

belong

be relevant to

concern

pertain

3.

consult

apply

go

look up

turn to

4.

direct

guide

point

send

referee

[D.J.:ˌrefəˈri:]

[K.K.:ˌrɛfəˈri]

n.

裁判员

证明人; 咨询人; 介绍人; 推荐人

公断人, 仲裁人

vt. & vi.

当裁判

referee **

1. referee referees
The referee is the official who controls a sports event such as a soccer game or a boxing match.
N-COUNT

2. referee referees refereeing refereed
When someone referees a sports event or contest, they act as referee.

- The match will be refereed by Derek Bevan from Wales.

- Vautrot has refereed in two World Cups.

VB

3. referee referees
A referee is a person who gives you a reference, for example when you are applying for a job. (mainly BRIT; in AM use reference )
N-COUNT

referee

noun

1.

umpire

adjudicator

arbiter

arbitrator

judge

ref informal

verb

2.

umpire

adjudicate

arbitrate

judge

mediate

reference

[D.J.:ˈrefrəns]

[K.K.:ˈrɛfərəns, ˈrɛfrəns]

n.

提及, 涉及

参考, 查阅

引文; 参考书目

证明书; 推荐信; 证明人; 推荐人

referenced

adj.

参考的,引用的

reference ***

1. reference references
Reference to someone or something is the act of talking about them or mentioning them. A reference is a particular example of this.

- He made no reference to any agreement.

- The crowd chanted `No Poll Tax', a reference to the government's new local taxation system.

- He summed up his philosophy, with reference to Calvin.

N-VAR

2. reference
Reference is the act of consulting someone or something in order to get information or advice.

- This might be done without reference to Parliament.

- Please keep this sheet in a safe place for reference.

N-UNCOUNT

3. reference
Reference books are ones that you look at when you need specific information or facts about a subject.

- There are several reference books which have been compiled to help you make your choice.

- ...a useful reference work for teachers.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. reference references
A reference is a word, phrase, or idea which comes from something such as a book, poem, or play and which you use when making a point about something.

- ...a reference from the Quran.

- ...historical references.

N-COUNT

5. reference references
A reference is something such as a number or a name that tells you where you can obtain the information you want.

- ...a map reference...

- Make a note of the reference number shown on the form.

N-COUNT

6. reference references
A reference is a letter that is written by someone who knows you and which describes your character and abilities. When you apply for a job, an employer might ask for references .

- The firm offered to give her a reference.

N-COUNT

7. reference references
A reference is a person who gives you a reference, for example when you are applying for a job. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use referee )
N-COUNT

8. reference references referencing referenced
If you reference a particular book or writer, you make a precise reference to them in what you are saying or writing.

- It specifically referenced Hermann Noordung's classic 1928 book on this subject.

VB
= refer to

9. reference
If you keep information for future reference , you keep it because it might be useful in the future.

- Read these notes carefully and keep them for future reference.

PHR: PHR after v

10. reference
You use with reference to or in reference to in order to indicate what something relates to.

- I am writing with reference to your article on salaries for scientists.

- I'm calling in reference to your series on prejudice.

PHR-PREP

reference

noun

1.

citation

allusion

mention

note

quotation

2.

testimonial

character

credentials

endorsement

recommendation

3.

relevance

applicability

bearing

connection

relation

reference library

reference library reference libraries
A reference library is a library that contains books which you can look at in the library itself but which you cannot borrow.
N-COUNT

referenda

[D.J.:ˌrefəˈrendə]

n.

(referendum的复数)普通投票

referendum

[D.J.:ˌrefəˈrendəm]

[K.K.:ˌrɛfəˈrɛndəm]

n.

(就某政治问题的)公民投票

referendum ***

referendum referendums or referenda
If a country holds a referendum on a particular policy, they ask the people to vote on the policy and show whether or not they agree with it.

- Estonia said today it too plans to hold a referendum on independence.

N-COUNT: oft N on n

referendum

noun

public vote

plebiscite

popular vote

referral

[riˈfə:rəl]

n.

转交; 呈交; 提供

referral *

referral referrals
Referral is the act of officially sending someone to a person or authority that is qualified to deal with them. A referral is an instance of this.

- Legal Aid can often provide referral to other types of agencies.

- Ask your doctor for a referral to a clinical psychologist.

N-VAR: oft N to n

refill

[D.J.:ri:ˈfɪl]

[K.K.:riˈfɪl]

vt.

再注满;重新装满

n.

[D.J.:ˈri:fɪl]

[K.K.:ˈrifɪl]

(放在容器中)可重新注满某物的材料

refilling

再充填;重新蓄水

refill *

1. refill refills refilling refilled
If you refill something, you fill it again after it has been emptied.

- I refilled our wine glasses.

VB

2. refill refills
Also a noun. (INFORMAL)

- Max held out his cup for a refill.

N-COUNT

3. refill refills
A refill of a particular product, such as soap powder, is a quantity of that product sold in a cheaper container than the one it is usually sold in. You use a refill to fill the more permanent container when it is empty.

- Refill packs are cheaper and lighter.

N-COUNT

refinance

[D.J.:ˈrifiˈnæns]

[K.K.:ˌrifəˈnæns, riˈfaɪˌnæns]

vt.

再为…筹钱,再供…资金

refinancing

[rifiˈnænsiŋ]

n.

重新募集资金;发行新债取代旧债

refinance *

refinance refinances refinancing refinanced
If a person or a company refinances a debt or if they refinance , they borrow money in order to pay the debt.

- A loan was arranged to refinance existing debt.

- It can be costly to refinance.

VB

refine

[D.J.:riˈfain]

[K.K.:rɪˈfaɪn]

vt.

精炼; 精制; 使纯净

使文雅高尚; 使去掉粗俗言行; 使变得完善

refined

[D.J.:rɪˈfaɪnd]

[K.K.:rɪˈfaɪnd]

adj.

举止优雅的

经过改良的;经过提炼的

精制的；精良的

refining

[riˈfainiŋ]

n.

精炼

refine *

1. refine refines refining refined
When a substance is refined , it is made pure by having all other substances removed from it.

- Oil is refined to remove naturally occurring impurities.

VB: usu passive

2. refining

- ...oil refining.

N-UNCOUNT

3. refine refines refining refined
If something such as a process, theory, or machine is refined , it is improved by having small changes made to it.

- Surgical techniques are constantly being refined.

VB: usu passive
= improve

refined *

1. refined
A refined substance has been made pure by having other substances removed from it.

- ...refined sugar.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. refined
If you say that someone is refined , you mean that they are very polite and have good manners and good taste.

- ...refined and well-dressed ladies...

- His speech and manner are refined.

ADJ-GRADED
= genteel

3. refined
If you describe a machine or a process as refined , you mean that it has been carefully developed and is therefore very efficient or elegant.

- ...a more refined engine...

- This technique is becoming more refined and more acceptable all the time.

ADJ-GRADED

refine

verb

1.

purify

clarify

cleanse

distil

filter

process

2.

improve

hone

perfect

polish

refined

adjective

1.

cultured

civilized

cultivated

elegant

polished

polite

well-bred

2.

pure

clarified

clean

distilled

filtered

processed

purified

3.

discerning

delicate

discriminating

fastidious

fine

precise

sensitive

refinement

[D.J.:rɪˈfaɪnmənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈfaɪnmənt]

n.

细微的改良

优雅或高贵的动作、举止等

refinement *

1. refinement refinements
Refinements are small changes or additions that you make to something in order to improve it. Refinement is the process of making refinements.

- Older cars inevitably lack the latest safety refinements.

- ...development and refinement of the game.

N-VAR

2. refinement
Refinement is politeness and good manners, combined with a way of behaving which shows that you dislike anything vulgar.

- ...a girl who possessed both dignity and refinement.

N-UNCOUNT

refinement

noun

1.

sophistication

breeding

civility

courtesy

cultivation

culture

discrimination

gentility

good breeding

polish

taste

2.

subtlety

fine point

nicety

nuance

3.

purification

clarification

cleansing

distillation

filtering

processing

refiner

[riˈfainə]

n.

精炼者,精炼机

refiner

refiner refiners
Refiners are people or organizations that refine substances such as oil or sugar in order to sell them.
N-COUNT

refinery

[D.J.:rɪˈfaɪnəri:]

[K.K.:rɪˈfaɪnəri]

n.

精炼厂

refinery *

refinery refineries
A refinery is a factory where a substance such as oil or sugar is refined.
N-COUNT

refit

[D.J.:ˌri:ˈfit]

[K.K.:riˈfɪt]

vt. & vi.

(尤指船)整修, 重新装置; 给…整修

n.

整修, 重新装置

refit *

1. refit refits refitting refitted
When a ship is refitted , it is repaired or is given new parts, equipment, or furniture.

- During the war, Navy ships were refitted here.

VB: usu passive

2. refit refits
Also a noun.

- The ship finished an extensive refit last year.

N-COUNT

reflate

[riˈfleit]

v.

〈美〉(使)通货再膨胀

reflation

[ri:ˈfleiʃ(ə)n]

n.

〈美〉通货再膨胀

reflate

1. reflate reflates reflating reflated
If a government tries to reflate its country's economy, it increases the amount of money that is available in order to encourage more economic activity. (TECHNICAL)

- The administration may try to reflate the economy next year.

VB

2. reflation

- Ministers are again talking about reflation and price controls.

N-UNCOUNT

reflect

[D.J.:riˈflekt]

[K.K.:rɪˈflɛkt]

vt. & vi.

反射(光、热、声或影像)

考虑

vt.

表达; 反映

reflected

[riˈflektid]

adj.

反射的,得自他人的

reflecting

[D.J.:rɪˈflektɪŋ]

[K.K.:rɪˈflɛktɪŋ]

adj.

反射的;引起反射的

沉思的

reflect ****

1. reflect reflects reflecting reflected
If something reflects an attitude or situation, it shows that the attitude or situation exists or it shows what it is like.

- The Los Angeles riots reflected the bitterness between the black and Korean communities in the city.

- Concern at the economic situation was reflected in the government's budget.

VB
= show

2. reflect reflects reflecting reflected
When light, heat or other rays reflect off a surface or when a surface reflects them, they are sent back from the surface and do not pass through it.

- The sun reflected off the snow-covered mountains.

- The glass appears to reflect light naturally.

V-ERG

3. reflect reflects reflecting reflected
When something is reflected in a mirror or in water, you can see its image in the mirror or in the water.

- His image seemed to be reflected many times in the mirror.

VB: usu passive

4. reflect reflects reflecting reflected
When you reflect , you think deeply about something.

- We should all give ourselves time to reflect.

- I reflected on the child's future.

VB

5. reflect reflects reflecting reflected
You can use reflect to indicate that a particular thought occurs to someone.

- Things were very much changed since before the war, he reflected.

VB

6. reflect reflects reflecting reflected
If an action or situation reflects in a particular way on someone or something, it gives people a good or bad impression of them.

- The affair hardly reflected well on the British.

- Your own personal behavior as a teacher, outside of school hours, reflects on the school itself.

VB

reflect

verb

1.

throw back

echo

mirror

reproduce

return

2.

show

demonstrate

display

indicate

manifest

reveal

3.

think

cogitate

consider

meditate

muse

ponder

ruminate

wonder

reflection

[D.J.:riˈflekʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈflɛkʃən]

n.

映像, 倒影

反映, 表达

深思; 回忆; 考虑; 看法

reflection **

1. reflection reflections
A reflection is an image that you can see in a mirror or in glass or water.

- Meg stared at her reflection in the bedroom mirror.

N-COUNT

2. reflection
Reflection is the process by which light and heat are sent back from a surface and do not pass through it.

- ...the reflection of a beam of light off a mirror.

N-UNCOUNT

3. reflection reflections
If you say that something is a reflection of a particular person's attitude or of a situation, you mean that it is caused by that attitude or situation and therefore reveals something about it.

- Inhibition in adulthood seems to be very clearly a reflection of a person's experiences as a child.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

4. reflection
If something is a reflection or a sad reflection on a person or thing, it gives a bad impression of them.

- Infection with head lice is no reflection on personal hygiene.

- The library is unique and its break-up would be a sad reflection on the value we place on our heritage.

N-SING: usu N on n

5. reflection
If someone admits or accepts something on reflection , they admit or accept it after having thought carefully about it.

- After days of reflection she decided to write back.

- He paused, absorbed by his reflections.

- On reflection, he says, he very much regrets the comments.

PHR

6. reflection reflections
Reflections on something are comments or writings that express someone's ideas about it.

- In his latest collection of poems readers are confronted with a series of reflections on death.

N-COUNT: usu pl

reflection

noun

1.

image

echo

mirror image

2.

thought

cogitation

consideration

contemplation

idea

meditation

musing

observation

opinion

thinking

reflective

[D.J.:rɪˈflektɪv]

[K.K.:rɪˈflɛktɪv]

adj.

(指人、心情等)深思熟虑的

(指物体表面)反光的

reflectively

adv.

深思熟虑地

反光地

reflectiveness

n.

深思熟虑

反光

reflectively

[D.J.:rɪˈflektɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:rɪˈfl ɛktɪvlɪ]

adv.

反照地,反映地

沉思地

reflective *

1. reflective
If you are reflective , you are thinking deeply about something. (WRITTEN)

- I walked on in a reflective mood to the car, thinking about the poor honeymooners.

- Mike is a quiet, reflective man.

ADJ-GRADED
= thoughtful

2. reflectively

- `The first part of her life hasn't been all that good,' he said reflectively.

- He gazed reflectively at his companion.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. reflective
If something is reflective of a particular situation or attitude, it is typical of that situation or attitude, or is a consequence of it.

- The German government's support of the US is not entirely reflective of German public opinion.

- The pupil's answers may not have been reflective of what the class as a whole had understood.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of n

4. reflective
A reflective surface or material sends back light or heat. (FORMAL)

- ...a garden of flowing streams, water basins, waterfalls, and a reflective pool...

- Avoid pans with a shiny, reflective base as the heat will be reflected back.

ADJ-GRADED

reflective

adjective

thoughtful

contemplative

meditative

pensive

reflector

[D.J.:rɪˈflektə]

[K.K.:rɪˈflɛktɚ]

n.

反射器;反射光〔热、声音〕的物体

reflectorize

vt.

加工某物使之反射光线

在…上装反射器

reflectorize

[D.J.:riˈflektəraiz]

[K.K.:rɪˈflɛktəˌraɪz]

vt.

装反射器

reflector

1. reflector reflectors
A reflector is a small piece of specially patterned glass or plastic which is fitted to the back of a bicycle or car or to a post beside the road, and which glows when light shines on it.
N-COUNT

2. reflector reflectors
A reflector is a type of telescope which uses a mirror that is shaped like a ball.
N-COUNT

reflex

[D.J.:ˈri:ˌfleks]

[K.K.:ˈriˌflɛks]

n.

反应能力；反射作用

reflex *

1. reflex reflexes
A reflex or a reflex action is something that you do automatically and without thinking, as a habit or as a reaction to something.

- Walsh fumbled in his pocket, a reflex from his smoking days.

- I turned to look inside the house in a reflex action.

N-COUNT

2. reflex reflexes
A reflex or a reflex action is a normal, uncontrollable reaction of your body to something that you feel, see, or experience.

- ...tests for reflexes, like tapping the knee or the heel with a rubber hammer.

- ...the stress hormone adrenaline, released by reflex action from the adrenal glands.

N-COUNT

3. reflex reflexes
Your reflexes are your ability to react quickly with your body when something unexpected happens, for example when you are involved in sport or when you are driving a car.

- It takes great skill, cool nerves and the reflexes of an athlete.

N-PLURAL
= reactions

reflexive

[D.J.:rɪˈfleksɪv]

[K.K.:rɪˈflɛksɪv]

adj.

<语>(词或词形)反身的

(动词)用反身代词作宾语的

反射(性)的

n.

反身词或反身形式

reflexive

1. reflexive
A reflexive reaction or movement occurs immediately in response to something that happens. (FORMAL)

- ...that reflexive urge for concealment.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. reflexively

- He felt his head jerk reflexively.

ADV: usu ADV with v

reflexive pronoun

reflexive pronoun reflexive pronouns
A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun such as `myself' which refers back to the subject of a sentence or clause. For example, in the sentence `He made himself a cup of tea', the reflexive pronoun `himself' refers back to `he'.
N-COUNT

reflexive verb

reflexive verb reflexive verbs
A reflexive verb is a transitive verb whose subject and object always refer to the same person or thing, so the object is always a reflexive pronoun. An example is `to enjoy yourself', as in `Did you enjoy yourself?'.
N-COUNT

reflexology

[D.J.:ˌri:flekˈsɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:ˌriflɛkˈsɑlədʒi]

n.

反射论

reflexology *

1. reflexology
Reflexology is the practice of massaging particular areas of the body, especially the feet, in the belief that it can heal particular organs.
N-UNCOUNT

2. reflexologist reflexologists

- A reflexologist can often tell what is wrong with his client by the condition of certain parts of the feet.

N-COUNT

reforest

[D.J.:ˈri:ˈfɔrist]

[K.K.:riˈfɔrɪst, -ˈfɑrɪst]

vt.

重新造林

reforest

reforest reforests reforesting reforested
To reforest an area where there used to be a forest means to plant trees over it.

- He decided to do something about reforesting man-made wastes of western Australia.

VB

reforestation

[D.J.:ˌri:f ɔrɪsˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrif ɔrɪsˈteʃən]

n.

重新造林

reforestation

reforestation
Reforestation of an area where there used to be a forest is planting trees over it.

- ...the reforestation of the Apennine Mountains.

- ...a reforestation project.

N-UNCOUNT

reform

[D.J.:riˈfɔ:m]

[K.K.:rɪˈfɔrm]

n.

改革, 改良, 改造

vt. & vi.

改革; 改造; 改善

reformed

[D.J.:riˈfɔ:md]

[K.K.:rɪˈfɔrmd]

adj.

改革过的,革新的

reforming

[riˈfɔ:miŋ]

v.

重整

reform ****

1. reform reforms
Reform consists of changes and improvements to a law, social system, or institution. A reform is an instance of such a change or improvement.

- The party embarked on a programme of economic reform.

- He has urged reform of the welfare system.

- The Socialists introduced fairly radical reforms.

N-VAR

2. reform reforms reforming reformed
If someone reforms something such as a law, social system, or institution, they change or improve it.

- ...his plans to reform the country's economy...

- The reformed Communist Party is still a force to be reckoned with.

VB

3. reform reforms reforming reformed
When someone reforms or when something reforms them, they stop doing things that society does not approve of, such as breaking the law or drinking too much alcohol.

- When his court case was coming up, James promised to reform.

- We will try to reform him within the community.

V-ERG

4. reformed

- ...a reformed alcoholic.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

reform

noun

1.

improvement

amendment

betterment

rehabilitation

verb

2.

improve

amend

correct

mend

rectify

restore

3.

mend one's ways

clean up one's act informal

go straight informal

pull one's socks up Brit. informal

shape up informal

turn over a new leaf

re-form

[D.J.:riˈfɔ:m]

[K.K.:riˈfɔrm]

v.

再形成,再组成

re-form

re-form re-forms re-forming re-formed
When an organization, group, or shape re-forms , or when someone re-forms it, it is created again after a period during which it did not exist or existed in a different form.

- The appearance of Colonel Washington's cavalry had given the militia opportunity to re-form.

- The 40-year-old singer reformed his band.

V-ERG also reform .

reformation

[D.J.:ˌrefəˈmeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛfɚˈmeʃən]

n.

改进;改革;改善

reformational

adj.

改进的;改革的;改善的

reformational

adj.

改革的

reformation *

1. reformation
The reformation of something is the act or process of changing and improving it.

- He devoted his energies to the reformation of science.

N-UNCOUNT

2. reformation
The Reformation is the movement to reform the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century, which led to the Protestant church being set up.

- ...a famous statue of the Virgin which was destroyed during the Reformation.

N-PROPER: the N

reformer

[D.J.:riˈfɔ:mə]

n.

社会改革者

reformer **

reformer reformers
A reformer is someone who tries to change and improve something such as a law or a social system.
N-COUNT

reformism

[D.J.:riˈfɔ:miz(ə)m]

[K.K.:rɪˈfɔrˌmɪzəm]

n.

改革主义

reformism

reformism
Reformism is the belief that a system or law should be reformed.
N-UNCOUNT

reformist

[riˈfɔ:mist]

n.

改革主义者,改革者

reformist *

1. reformist
Reformist groups or policies are trying to reform a system or law.

- ...a strong supporter of reformist policies.

ADJ-GRADED

2. reformist reformists
A reformist is someone with reformist views.
N-COUNT

refract

[D.J.:rɪˈfrækt]

[K.K.:rɪˈfrækt]

vt. & vi.

<物>(使)折射

refraction

[D.J.:rɪˈfrækʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈfrækʃən]

n.

折射(程度)

angle of refraction

n.

折射角

refract

1. refract refracts refracting refracted
When a ray of light or a sound wave refracts or is refracted , the path it follows bends at a particular point, for example when it enters water or glass.

- As we age the lenses of the eyes thicken, and thus refract light differently.

V-ERG

2. refraction

- ...the refraction of the light on the dancing waves.

N-UNCOUNT

refractory

[D.J.:rɪˈfræktəri:]

[K.K.:rɪˈfræktəri]

adj.

执拗的,倔强的,难驾驭的

难治疗的

耐熔的,难熔炼的

refractory

refractory
Refractory people are difficult to deal with or control, for example because they are unwilling to obey orders. (FORMAL)

- ...refractory priests who refused to side with the king.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= recalcitrant

refractory

adjective

unmanageable

difficult

disobedient

headstrong

intractable

uncontrollable

unruly

wilful

refrain

[D.J.:riˈfrein]

[K.K.:rɪˈfren]

vi.

抑制; 克制; 戒除

n.

(诗歌的)叠句, 副歌

refrain *

1. refrain refrains refraining refrained
If you refrain from doing something, you deliberately do not do it.

- Mrs Hardie refrained from making any comment.

- He appealed to all factions to refrain from violence.

VB

2. refrain refrains
A refrain is a short, simple part of a song, which is repeated many times.

- ...a refrain from an old song.

N-COUNT

3. refrain refrains
A refrain is a comment or saying that people often repeat.

- Rosa's constant refrain is that she doesn't have a life.

N-COUNT

refrain

verb

stop

abstain

avoid

cease

desist

forbear

leave off

renounce

refrain

noun

chorus

melody

tune

refresh

[D.J.:riˈfreʃ]

[K.K.:rɪˈfrɛʃ]

vt.

使恢复; 使振作

使…记起

refreshing

[D.J.:rɪˈfreʃɪŋ]

[K.K.:rɪˈfrɛʃɪŋ]

adj.

耳目一新的;新颖的;新鲜的

使人精神焕发的;使恢复精神的

refreshingly

adv.

清爽地,有精神地

refresh *

1. refresh refreshes refreshing refreshed
If something refreshes you when you have become hot, tired, or thirsty, it makes you feel cooler or more energetic.

- The lotion cools and refreshes the skin.

- They had stopped by a spring to refresh themselves.

VB

2. refreshed

- He awoke feeling completely refreshed.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

3. refresh refreshes refreshing refreshed
If you refresh something old or dull, you make it as good as it was when it was new.

- Many view these meetings as an occasion to share ideas and refresh friendship.

- Lettie appeared, her make-up refreshed.

VB

4. refresh refreshes refreshing refreshed
If someone refreshes your memory, they tell you something that you had forgotten.

- Allow me to refresh your memory.

- He walked on the opposite side of the street to refresh his memory of the building.

VB
= remind

refreshing **

1. refreshing
You say that something is refreshing when it is pleasantly different from what you are used to.

- It's refreshing to hear somebody speaking common sense.

- It made a refreshing change to see a good old-fashioned movie.

ADJ-GRADED

2. refreshingly

- He was refreshingly honest.

ADV-GRADED

3. refreshing
A refreshing bath or drink makes you feel energetic or cool again after you have been tired or hot.

- Herbs have been used for centuries to make refreshing drinks.

ADJ-GRADED

refresh

verb

1.

revive

brace

enliven

freshen

reinvigorate

revitalize

stimulate

2.

stimulate

jog

prompt

renew

refreshing

adjective

1.

stimulating

bracing

fresh

invigorating

2.

new

novel

original

refresher course

refresher course refresher courses
A refresher course is a training course in which people improve their knowledge or skills and learn about new developments that are related to the job that they do.
N-COUNT

refreshment

[D.J.:riˈfreʃmənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈfrɛʃmənt]

n.

茶点; 点心

(精力的)恢复, 精神爽快

refreshment *

1. refreshment refreshments
Refreshments are drinks and small amounts of food that are provided, for example, during a meeting or a journey.
N-PLURAL

2. refreshment
You can refer to food and drink as refreshment . (FORMAL)

- May I offer you some refreshment?

N-UNCOUNT

refreshment

noun

refreshments

food and drink

drinks

snacks

titbits

refrigerate

[D.J.:rɪˈfrɪdʒəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:rɪˈfrɪdʒəˌret]

vt.

冷藏;冷冻

refrigeration

n.

冷藏;冷冻

refrigerative

adj.

冷藏的;冷冻的

refrigerated

冷冻的;冷却的

refrigeration

[D.J.:rɪˌfrɪd ʒəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˌfrɪd ʒəˈreʃən]

n.

制冷;冷藏;冷冻

refrigerative

[riˈfridʒəreitiv]

adj.

使冷却的

refrigerate *

1. refrigerate refrigerates refrigerating refrigerated
If you refrigerate food, you make it cold, for example by putting it in a fridge, usually in order to preserve it.

- Refrigerate the dough overnight.

- ...a lorry with refrigerated cargo.

VB

2. refrigeration

- Refrigeration will make olive oil cloudy.

N-UNCOUNT

refrigerate

verb

cool

chill

freeze

keep cold

refrigerator

[D.J.:riˈfridʒəreitə]

[K.K.:rɪˈfrɪdʒəˌretɚ]

n.

冰箱

refrigerator *

refrigerator refrigerators
A refrigerator is a large container which is kept cool inside, usually by electricity, so that the food and drink in it stays fresh.
N-COUNT
= fridge

refuel

[D.J.:ri:ˈfju:əl]

[K.K.:riˈfjuəl]

vt. & vi.

(给)加油,(给)加燃料

refuelling

中途加油;装燃料

refuel *

1. refuel refuels refuelling refuelled
When an aircraft or other vehicle refuels or when someone refuels it, it is filled with more fuel so that it can continue its journey.

- His plane stopped in France to refuel.

- The airline's crew refuelled the plane.

V-ERG (AM) refueling , refueled

2. refuelling

- Tankers will accompany the Tornados for in-flight refuelling.

N-UNCOUNT

refuge

[D.J.:ˈrefju:dʒ]

[K.K.:ˈrɛfjudʒ]

n.

避难(所, 处), 庇护

refuge **

1. refuge
If you take refuge somewhere, you try to protect yourself from physical harm by going there.

- They took refuge in a bomb shelter.

- His home became a place of refuge for the believers.

N-UNCOUNT

2. refuge refuges
A refuge is a place where you go for safety and protection, for example from violence or from bad weather.

- Eventually Suzanne fled to a refuge for battered women.

- We climbed up a winding track towards a mountain refuge.

N-COUNT

3. refuge
If you take refuge in a particular way of behaving or thinking, you try to protect yourself from unhappiness or unpleasantness by behaving or thinking in that way.

- All too often, they get bored, and seek refuge in drink and drugs.

- Father Rowan took refuge in silence.

N-UNCOUNT

refuge

noun

shelter

asylum

haven

hide-out

protection

retreat

sanctuary

refugee

[D.J.:ˌrefjuˈdʒi:]

[K.K.:ˌrɛfjʊˈdʒi]

n.

避难者; 难民

refugee ****

refugee refugees
Refugees are people who have been forced to leave their homes or their country, either because there is a war there or because of their political or religious beliefs.
N-COUNT

refugee

noun

exile

displaced person

´emigr´e

escapee

refund

[ˈri:fʌnd]

n.

归还, 偿还额, 退款

[ri:ˈfʌnd]

vt.

归还, 退还

refunding

[ri:ˈfʌndiŋ]

n.

借新债还旧债;再融资;债务延展;发行新债券取代旧债券

refund **

1. refund refunds
A refund is a sum of money which is returned to you, for example because you have paid too much or because you have returned goods to a shop.
N-COUNT

2. refund refunds refunding refunded
If someone refunds your money, they return it to you, for example because you have paid too much or because you have returned goods to a shop.

- We guarantee to refund your money if you're not delighted with your purchase.

- Take the goods back to your retailer who will refund you the purchase price.

VB

refund

verb

1.

repay

pay back

reimburse

restore

return

noun

2.

repayment

reimbursement

return

refundable

[D.J.:rɪˈfʌndəbl]

[K.K.:rɪˈfʌndəbl..]

adj.

可归还的，可退还的

refundable

refundable
A refundable payment will be paid back to you in certain circumstances.

- A refundable deposit of 700 francs per apartment is payable on arrival.

- Tickets are not refundable.

ADJ

refurbish

[D.J.:ri:ˈfɜ:bɪʃ]

[K.K.:riˈfə..bɪʃ]

vt.

刷新;擦亮;使清洁；整修

refurbish *

refurbish refurbishes refurbishing refurbished
To refurbish a building or room means to clean it and decorate it and make it more attractive or better equipped.

- We have spent money on refurbishing the offices.

- This hotel has recently been completely refurbished.

VB

refurbish

verb

renovate

clean up

do up informal

mend

overhaul

repair

restore

revamp

refurbishment *

refurbishment
The refurbishment of something is the act or process of cleaning it, decorating it, and providing it with new equipment or facilities.
N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

refusal

[D.J.:riˈfju:zəl]

[K.K.:rɪˈfjuzəl]

n.

拒绝

优先取舍权

refusal **

1. refusal refusals
Someone's refusal to do something is the fact of them showing or saying that they will not do it, allow it, or accept it.

- Her country suffered through her refusal to accept change.

- His letter in response to her request had contained a firm refusal.

- ...the Council's refusal of planning permission for a major shopping centre...

- We would appreciate confirmation of your refusal of our invitation to take part.

N-VAR

2. refusal
If someone has first refusal on something that is being sold or offered, they have the right to decide whether or not to buy it or take it before it is offered to anyone else.

- If you have a good rapport with a dealer, they will always let you have first refusal on anything interesting.

- A tenant may have a right of first refusal if a property is offered for sale.

PHR: PHR after v

refusal

noun

denial

knock-back slang

rebuff

rejection

refuse

[D.J.:riˈfju:z]

[K.K.:rɪˈfjuz]

vt. & vi.

拒绝; 回绝

[ˈrefju:s]

n.

废物; 垃圾

refuse ****

1. refuse refuses refusing refused
If you refuse to do something, you deliberately do not do it, or you say firmly that you will not do it.

- He refused to comment after the trial.

- He expects me to stay on here and I can hardly refuse.

VB

2. refuse refuses refusing refused
If someone refuses you something, they do not give it to you or do not allow you to have it.

- The United States has refused him a visa.

- She was refused access to her children.

- The town council had refused permission for the march.

VB

3. refuse refuses refusing refused
If you refuse something that is offered to you, you do not accept it.

- He offered me a second drink which I refused.

- The patient has the right to refuse treatment.

VB
= turn down

4. refuse
Refuse consists of the rubbish and all the things that are not wanted in a house, shop, or factory, and that are regularly thrown away; used mainly in official language.

- The District Council made a weekly collection of refuse.

N-UNCOUNT
= waste rubbish

refuse

verb

reject

decline

deny

say no

spurn

turn down

withhold

refuse

noun

rubbish

garbage

junk informal

litter

trash

waste

refutation

[D.J.:refju:ˈteiʃ(ə)n]

[K.K.:ˌrɛfjʊˈteʃən]

n.

驳斥

refutation

refutation refutations
A refutation of an argument, accusation, or theory is something that proves it is wrong or untrue. (FORMAL)

- He concentrated on preparing a complete refutation of the Republicans' most serious charges.

N-VAR

refute

[D.J.:riˈfju:t]

[K.K.:rɪˈfjut]

vt.

驳斥, 驳倒

refute *

1. refute refutes refuting refuted
If you refute an argument, accusation, or theory, you prove that it is wrong or untrue. (FORMAL)

- It was the kind of rumour that it is impossible to refute.

VB
= disprove

2. refute refutes refuting refuted
If you refute an argument or accusation, you say that it is not true. (FORMAL)

- Isabelle is quick to refute any suggestion of intellectual snobbery.

VB
= deny

refute

verb

disprove

discredit

negate

overthrow

prove false

rebut

regain

[D.J.:ri:ˈgeɪn]

[K.K.:riˈɡen]

vt.

复得;赢回

重回, 复至某地

regain **

1. regain regains regaining regained
If you regain something that you have lost, you get it back again.

- Troops have regained control of the city.

- It took him a while to regain his composure.

VB

2. regain regains regaining regained
If you regain a place that you have left, you succeed in getting back there. (FORMAL)

- Davis went to regain his carriage.

VB

regain

verb

1.

recover

get back

recapture

recoup

retrieve

take back

win back

2.

get back to

reach again

return to

regal

[D.J.:ˈri:gəl]

[K.K.:ˈriɡəl]

adj.

华丽的, 堂皇的

regally

adv.

为王,像帝王地

regal *

1. regal
If you describe something as regal , you mean that it is suitable for a king or queen, because it is very impressive or beautiful.

- He sat with such regal dignity.

- Never has she looked more regal.

ADJ-GRADED

2. regally

- He inclined his head regally.

ADV-GRADED

regal

adjective

royal

kingly or queenly

magnificent

majestic

noble

princely

regale

[D.J.:rɪˈgeɪl]

[K.K.:rɪˈɡel]

vt.

宴请,款待

(以笑谈等)娱人

regale with

逗人欢乐

regale

regale regales regaling regaled
If someone regales you with stories or jokes, they tell you a lot of them, whether you want to hear them or not.

- He was constantly regaled with tales of woe.

VB

regale

verb

entertain

amuse

delight

divert

regalia

[D.J.:riˈɡeiljə]

[K.K.:rɪˈɡeljə, -ˈɡeliə]

n.

王权,王位的标志(如王冠等),(等级、社团等的)标记,徽章

regalia

regalia
Regalia consists of all the traditional clothes and items which someone such as a king or a judge wears and carries on official occasions.

- ...a military band in full regalia.

N-UNCOUNT

regalia

plural noun

emblems

accoutrements

decorations

finery

paraphernalia

trappings

regard

[D.J.:riˈɡɑ:d]

[K.K.:rɪˈɡɑrd]

vt.

注视; 注意

认作

n.

注意, 关心

尊重; 尊敬

致意; 问候

regarding

[D.J.:riˈɡɑ:diŋ]

[K.K.:rɪˈɡɑrdɪŋ]

prep.

(表示论及)关于; 至于; 就…而论

regards

[D.J.:rɪˈgɑ:dz]

[K.K.:rɪˈɡɑrdz]

n.

问候

as regards sb/sth

关于； 至于

regard ****

1. regard regards regarding regarded
If you regard someone or something as being a particular thing or as having a particular quality, you believe that they are that thing or have that quality.

- He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.

- I regard creativity both as a gift and as a skill.

VB

2. regard regards regarding regarded
If you regard something or someone with a feeling such as dislike or respect, you have that feeling about them.

- He regarded drug dealers with loathing.

- Displays of emotion are regarded with suspicion.

- He was a highly regarded scholar.

VB

3. regard regards regarding regarded
If you regard someone in a certain way, you look at them in that way. (LITERARY)

- She regarded him curiously for a moment.

- The clerk regarded him with benevolent amusement.

VB
= look at

4. regard
If you have regard for someone or something, you respect them and care about them. If you hold someone in high regard , you have a lot of respect for them.

- I have a very high regard for him and what he has achieved.

- There were armed people about, people with little regard for human life.

- The Party ruled the country without regard for the people's views.

N-UNCOUNT

5. regard regards
Regards are greetings. You use regards in expressions such as best regards and with kind regards as a way of expressing friendly feelings towards someone, especially in a letter.

- Give my regards to your family.

- My best regards to Mary.

N-PLURAL: oft N to n formulae

6. regard
You can use as regards to indicate the subject that is being talked or written about.

- As regards the war, Haig believed in victory at any price.

PHR-PREP
= regarding

7. regard
You can use with regard to or in regard to to indicate the subject that is being talked or written about.

- The department is reviewing its policy with regard to immunisation.

PHR-PREP
= regarding

8. regard
You can use in this regard or in that regard to refer back to something that you have just said.

- In this regard nothing has changed.

- I may have made a mistake in that regard.

PHR: PHR with cl

regarding **

regarding
You can use regarding to indicate the subject that is being talked or written about.

- He refused to divulge any information regarding the man's whereabouts.

PREP
= concerning about

regard

verb

1.

consider

believe

deem

esteem

judge

rate

see

suppose

think

view

2.

look at

behold

check out informal

clock Brit. slang

eye

gaze at

observe

scrutinize

view

watch

3.

heed

attend

listen to

mind

pay attention to

take notice of

as regards

4.

concerning

pertaining to

regarding

relating to

noun

5.

heed

attention

interest

mind

notice

6.

respect

care

concern

consideration

esteem

thought

7.

look

gaze

glance

scrutiny

stare

regarding

preposition

concerning

about

as regards

in or with regard to

on the subject of

re

respecting

with reference to

regards

plural noun

good wishes

best wishes

compliments

greetings

respects

regardless

[D.J.:riˈɡɑ:dlis]

[K.K.:rɪˈɡɑrdlɪs]

adv.

不顾后果地

不管怎样, 无论如何

regardless **

1. regardless
If something happens regardless of something else, it is not affected or influenced at all by that other thing.

- It takes in anybody regardless of religion, colour, or creed.

- Regardless of whether he is right or wrong, we have to abide by his decisions.

PHR-PREP

2. regardless
If you say that someone did something regardless , you mean that they did it even though there were problems or factors that could have stopped them, or perhaps should have stopped them.

- Despite her recent surgery she has been carrying on regardless.

ADV: ADV after v
= anyway

regardless

adjective

1.

heedless

inconsiderate

indifferent

neglectful

negligent

rash

reckless

unmindful

adverb

2.

anyway

in any case

in spite of everything

nevertheless

regatta

[D.J.:rɪˈgɑ:tə, -ˈgætə]

[K.K.:rɪˈɡɑtə, -ˈɡætə]

n.

划船比赛

regattas

里加塔条子布

regatta *

regatta regattas
A regatta is a sports event consisting of races between yachts or rowing boats.
N-COUNT: oft in names

regency

[D.J.:ˈri:dʒənsi]

[K.K.:ˈridʒənsi]

n.

摄政权,摄政统治,摄政统治区

regency

1. regency
Regency is used to refer to the period in Britain at the beginning of the nineteenth century, and to the style of architecture, literature, and furniture that was popular at the time.

- ...a huge, six-bedroomed Regency house.

- ...the Regency period.

ADJ: usu ADJ n The spelling Regency is usually used

2. regency regencies
A regency is a period of time when a country is governed by a regent, because the king or queen is unable to rule.
N-COUNT

regenerate

[D.J.:rɪˈdʒenəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:rɪˈdʒɛnəˌret]

vt. & vi.

新生;再生

regeneration

[D.J.:rɪˌdʒenəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˌdʒɛnəˈreʃən]

n.

恢复;新生;革新;复兴

<宗>(灵魂的)重生,新生

<生>再生

<电子>正反馈

regenerate *

1. regenerate regenerates regenerating regenerated
To regenerate something means to develop and improve it to make it more active, successful, or important, especially after a period when it has been getting worse.

- The government will continue to try to regenerate inner city areas.

VB

2. regeneration

- ...the physical and economic regeneration of the area.

N-UNCOUNT

3. regenerate regenerates regenerating regenerated
If organs or tissues regenerate or if something regenerates them, they heal and grow again after they have been damaged.

- Nerve cells have limited ability to regenerate if destroyed.

- Newts can regenerate their limbs.

V-ERG

4. regeneration

- Vitamin B assists in red-blood-cell regeneration.

N-UNCOUNT

regenerate

verb

renew

breathe new life into

invigorate

reawaken

reinvigorate

rejuvenate

restore

revive

regenerative

[D.J.:rɪˈdʒenəˌreɪtɪv, -ərətɪv]

[K.K.:rɪˈdʒɛnəˌretɪv, -ərətɪv]

adj.

恢复的;新生的

再生的;回热的

regenerative

regenerative
Regenerative powers or processes cause something to heal or become active again after it has been damaged or inactive.

- ...the regenerative power of nature.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

regent

[D.J.:ˈri:dʒənt]

[K.K.:ˈridʒənt]

n.

摄政者

adj.

(用在名词后)摄政的

regent

regent regents
A regent is a person who rules a country when the king or queen is unable to rule, for example because they are too young or too ill.
N-COUNT

reggae

[D.J.:ˈreˌɡei]

[K.K.:ˈrɛɡe]

n.

瑞格舞(西印度群岛的一种舞蹈及舞曲)

reggae **

reggae
Reggae is a kind of West Indian popular music with a very strong beat.

- Many people will remember Bob Marley for providing them with their first taste of Reggae music.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

regicide

[D.J.:ˈredʒisaid]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdʒɪˌsaɪd]

n.

弑君者,弑君

regicide

1. regicide
Regicide is the act of killing a king.

- He had become czar through regicide.

N-UNCOUNT

2. regicide regicides
A regicide is a person who kills a king.

- Some of the regicides were sentenced to death.

N-COUNT

regime

[D.J.:reiˈʒi:m]

[K.K.:reˈʒim, rɪ-]

n.

政治制度, 政权, 政体

regime ***

1. regime regimes
If you refer to a government or system of running a country as a regime , you are critical of it because you think it is not democratic and uses unacceptable methods.

- ...the collapse of the Fascist regime at the end of the war...

- Pujol was imprisoned and tortured under the Franco regime.

N-COUNT: oft supp N disapproval

2. regime regimes
A regime is the way that something such as an institution, company, or economy is run, especially when it involves tough or severe action.

- The authorities moved him to the less rigid regime of an open prison.

- ...a drastic regime of economic reform and financial discipline.

N-COUNT

3. regime regimes
A regime is a set of rules about food, exercise, or beauty that some people follow in order to stay healthy or attractive.

- He has a new fitness regime to strengthen his back.

N-COUNT: oft supp N
= regimen

regime

noun

government

leadership

management

reign

rule

system

regimen

[D.J.:ˈredʒəmən, -ˌmen]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdʒəmən, -ˌmɛn]

n.

(为病人规定的)生活规则,养生法

regimen

regimen regimens
A regimen is a set of rules about food and exercise that some people follow in order to stay healthy.

- Whatever regimen has been prescribed should be rigorously followed.

N-COUNT
= regime

regiment

[D.J.:ˈredʒimənt]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdʒəmənt]

n.

(军队的)团

大量的人或物

vt.

严格地管制; 严密地编组

regiment **

1. regiment regiments
A regiment is a large group of soldiers that is commanded by a colonel.
N-COUNT

2. regiment regiments
A regiment of people is a large number of them.

- ...robust food, good enough to satisfy a regiment of hungry customers.

N-COUNT: N of n
= army

regimental

[D.J.:ˌredʒiˈmentl]

[K.K.:ˌrɛdʒəˈmɛntl]

adj.

团的

regimental *

regimental
Regimental means belonging to a particular regiment.

- Mills was regimental colonel.

ADJ: ADJ n

regimentation

[D.J.:ˌred ʒɪmenˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌr ɛd ʒəm ɛnˈteʃən]

n.

编组团队

组织化;系统化

regimentation

regimentation
Regimentation is very strict control over the way a group of people behave or the way something is done.

- Democracy is incompatible with excessive, bureaucratic regimentation of social life.

N-UNCOUNT

regimented

regimented
Something that is regimented is very strictly controlled.

- ...the regimented atmosphere of the orphanage.

ADJ-GRADED

regimented

adjective

controlled

disciplined

ordered

organized

regulated

systematized

region

[D.J.:ˈri:dʒən]

[K.K.:ˈridʒən]

n.

地区; 地带; 区域; 范围

region ****

1. region regions
A region is a large area of land that is different from other areas of land, for example because it is one of the different parts of a country with its own customs and characteristics, or because it has a particular geographical feature.

- ...Barcelona, capital of the autonomous region of Catalonia.

- ...a remote mountain region.

N-COUNT

2. region regions
The regions are the parts of a country that are not the capital city and its surrounding area. (BRIT)

- ...London and the regions...

- Tax incentives would be used to attract firms to the regions, away from the South-East.

N-PLURAL: the N
= provinces

3. region regions
You can refer to a part of your body as a region .

- ...the pelvic region.

- ...the frontal region of the brain.

N-COUNT: with supp
= area

4. region
You say in the region of to indicate that an amount that you are stating is approximate.

- The scheme will cost in the region of six million pounds.

PHR
= around

region

noun

area

district

locality

part

place

quarter

section

sector

territory

tract

zone

regional

[D.J.:ˈri:dʒənəl]

[K.K.:ˈridʒənəl]

adj.

地区的;区域的

regionally

[ˈri:dʒənəli]

adv.

地方的,地域性的

regional ****

1. regional
Regional is used to describe things which relate to a particular area of a country or of the world.

- ...the autonomous regional government of Andalucia.

- ...concern about regional security...

- Many people in Minnesota and Tennessee have noticeable regional accents.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. regionally

- The impact of these trends has varied regionally.

ADV

regional

adjective

local

district

parochial

provincial

zonal

regionalism

[D.J.:ˈri:dʒənəˌlizəm]

[K.K.:ˈridʒənəˌlɪzəm]

n.

行政区域划分,地方(分权)主义

regionalism

regionalism
Regionalism is a strong feeling of pride or loyalty that people in a region have for that region, often including a desire to govern themselves.

- A grass-roots regionalism appears to be emerging.

N-UNCOUNT

register

[D.J.:ˈredʒistə]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdʒɪstɚ]

vt. & vi.

记录; 登记; 注册

显出

注意到, 记住

n.

登记(表), 注册(簿)

记录器

暖气, 调风器

registered

[D.J.:ˈredʒɪstəd]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdʒɪstəd]

adj.

注册的;登记过的;已挂号的

(动物)附有血统证明的

(证券等)记名的

registering

[ˈredʒistəriŋ]

n.

寄存

register ***

1. register registers
A register is an official list or record of people or things.

- ...registers of births, deaths and marriages...

- He signed the register at the hotel.

- She calls the register for her class of thirty 12 year olds.

N-COUNT

2. register registers registering registered
If you register to do something, you put your name on an official list, in order to be able to do that thing or to receive a service.

- Have you come to register at the school?.

- Thousands lined up to register to vote.

- Many students register for these courses to widen skills for use in their current job .

- About 26 million people are not registered with a dentist.

- ...registered voters.

VB

3. register registers registering registered
If you register something, such as the name of a person who has just died or information about something you own, you have these facts recorded on an official list.

- In order to register a car in Japan, the owner must have somewhere to park it.

- We registered his birth.

- The house is registered in her name, not her husband's.

- ...a registered charity.

VB

4. register registers registering registered
When something registers on a scale or measuring instrument, it shows on the scale or instrument.

- It will only register on sophisticated X-ray equipment.

- The earthquake registered 5.3 points on the Richter scale.

- The scales registered a gain of 1.3 kilograms.

V-ERG

5. register registers registering registered
If you register your feelings or opinions about something, you do something that makes them clear to other people.

- Voters wish to register their dissatisfaction with the ruling party.

- Workers stopped work to register their protest.

VB

6. register registers registering registered
If a feeling registers on someone's face, their expression shows clearly that they have that feeling.

- Surprise again registered on Rodney's face.

VB
= show

7. register registers registering registered
If a piece of information does not register or if you do not register it, you do not really pay attention to it, and so you do not remember it or react to it.

- It wasn't that she couldn't hear me, it was just that what I said sometimes didn't register in her brain.

- The sound was so familiar that she didn't register it.

V-ERG

8. register registers
If you sing or play something in a high or low register , you sing, or play it using high or low notes. If you say something in a high or low register , you say it in a high or low voice.
N-COUNT

9. register registers
In linguistics, the register of a piece of speech or writing is its level and style of language, which is usually appropriate to the situation or circumstances in which it is used. (TECHNICAL)
N-VAR

registered *

registered
A registered letter or parcel is sent by a special postal service, for which you pay extra money for insurance in case it gets lost.

- He asked his mother to send it by registered mail.

- ...an urgent registered letter.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

register

noun

1.

list

archives

catalogue

chronicle

diary

file

log

record

roll

roster

verb

2.

record

catalogue

chronicle

enlist

enrol

enter

list

note

3.

show

display

exhibit

express

indicate

manifest

mark

reveal

registered nurse

registered nurse registered nurses
A registered nurse is someone who is qualified to work as a nurse. (AM, AUSTRALIAN)
N-COUNT

register office

register office register offices
A register office is a place where births, marriages, and deaths are officially recorded, and where people can get married without a religious ceremony. (BRIT)
N-COUNT
= registry office

registrar

[D.J.:ˈredʒɪˌstrɑ:, ˌredʒɪˈstrɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdʒɪˌstrɑr, ˌrɛdʒɪˈstrɑr]

n.

主管注册者;记录者;登记员;注册主任

registrar *

1. registrar registrars
In Britain, a registrar is a person whose job is to keep official records, especially of births, marriages, and deaths.
N-COUNT

2. registrar registrars
A registrar is a senior administrative official in a British college or university.
N-COUNT

registration

[D.J.:ˌredʒɪˈstreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛdʒɪˈstreʃən]

n.

登记,注册,挂号

登记项目,记录事项

登记(或注册、挂号)人数

<音>(管风琴)音栓配合(法)

registration **

registration
The registration of something such as a person's name or the details of an event is the recording of it in an official list.

- They have campaigned strongly for compulsory registration of dogs.

- With the high voter registration, many will be voting for the first time.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

registration number

registration number registration numbers
The registration number or the registration of a car or other road vehicle is the series of letters and numbers that are shown at the front and back of it. (BRIT; in AM use license number )

- Another driver managed to get the registration number of the car.

N-COUNT

registry

[D.J.:ˈredʒɪstri:]

[K.K.:ˈrɛdʒɪstri]

n.

档案室;登记簿存放处;注册处；挂号处

registry *

registry registries
A registry is a collection of all the official records relating to something, or the place where they are kept.

- It agreed to set up a central registry of arms sales.

N-COUNT

registry office

registry office registry offices
A registry office is the same as a register office . (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

regress

[D.J.:rɪˈgres]

[K.K.:rɪˈɡrɛs]

vi.

退化, 退步, 倒退

regression

[D.J.:riˈɡreʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈɡrɛʃən]

n.

衰退

regress *

1. regress regresses regressing regressed
When people or things regress , they return to an earlier and less advanced stage of development. (FORMAL)

- If your child regresses to babyish behaviour, all you know for certain is that the child is under stress.

- Such countries are not `developing' at all, but regressing.

VB

2. regression regressions

- Calderdale accepts that this can cause regression in a pupil's learning process.

N-VAR

regress

verb

revert

backslide

degenerate

deteriorate

fall away or off

go back

lapse

relapse

return

regressive

[D.J.:rɪˈgresɪv]

[K.K.:rɪˈɡrɛsɪv]

adj.

后退的;逆行的;退化的

回归的

税率递减的

regressive

regressive
Regressive behaviour, activities, or processes involve a return to an earlier and less advanced stage of development. (FORMAL)

- This regressive behaviour is more common in boys.

ADJ-GRADED

regret

[D.J.:riˈɡret]

[K.K.:rɪˈɡrɛt]

vt. & vi.

懊悔, 惋惜, 遗憾

n.

痛惜, 懊悔, 遗憾, 失望, 悔恨

regrets

[riˈɡrets]

n.

(用于礼貌地表示拒绝)辞谢邀请的短柬或口信

regret ***

1. regret regrets regretting regretted
If you regret something that you have done, you wish that you had not done it.

- I simply gave in to him, and I've regretted it ever since.

- Ellis seemed to be regretting that he had asked the question.

- Five years later she regrets having given up her home.

VB

2. regret regrets
Regret is a feeling of sadness or disappointment, which is caused by something that has happened or something that you have done or not done.

- My great regret in life is that I didn't bring home the America's Cup.

- Lillee said he had no regrets about retiring.

N-VAR

3. regret regrets regretting regretted
You can say that you regret something as a polite way of saying that you are sorry about it. You use expressions such as I regret to say or I regret to inform you to show that you are sorry about something.

- `I very much regret the injuries he sustained,' he said.

- I regret that the United States has added its voice to such protests.

- Her lack of co-operation is nothing new, I regret to say.

- I regret to inform you he died as a consequence of his injuries.

VB politeness

4. regret
If someone expresses regret about something, they say that they are sorry about it. (FORMAL)

- He expressed great regret and said that surgeons would attempt to reverse the operation.

- President Aquino says she has accepted his resignation with regret.

N-UNCOUNT

regret

verb

1.

feel sorry about

bemoan

bewail

deplore

grieve

lament

miss

mourn

repent

rue

noun

2.

sorrow

bitterness

compunction

contrition

penitence

remorse

repentance

ruefulness

regretful

[D.J.:rɪˈgretfəl]

[K.K.:rɪˈɡrɛtfəl]

adj.

后悔的;失望的;令人惋惜的,遗憾的

regretfully

[D.J.:rɪˈ gretfəlɪ]

[K.K.:rɪˈɡr ɛtfəlɪ]

adv.

懊悔地;抱歉地

regretful

1. regretful
If you are regretful , you show that you regret something.

- Mr Griffin gave a regretful smile.

- Surprisingly, she didn't feel nervous, or regretful about her actions.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n, ADJ that

2. regretfully

- He shook his head regretfully.

ADV-GRADED

regretful

adjective

sorry

apologetic

contrite

penitent

remorseful

repentant

rueful

sad

sorrowful

regrettable

[D.J.:rɪˈgretəbəl]

[K.K.:rɪˈɡrɛtəbəl]

adj.

令人遗憾的;使人懊悔的

regrettably

adv.

令人遗憾地,使人懊悔地

regrettably

[D.J.:riˈɡretəbli]

[K.K.:rɪˈɡrɛtəbli]

adv.

抱歉地,遗憾地,可悲地

regrettable *

1. regrettable
You describe something as regrettable when you think that it is bad and that it should not happen or have happened. (FORMAL)

- The army said it had started an investigation into what it described as a regrettable incident.

- It is regrettable that strike leaders seem intent on spoiling holidays.

ADJ-GRADED feelings
= unfortunate

2. regrettably

- Regrettably we could find no sign of the man and the search was terminated.

- The incidents are regrettably true.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl, ADV adj
= unfortunately

regrettable

adjective

unfortunate

disappointing

distressing

lamentable

sad

shameful

regroup

[D.J.:ri:ˈgru:p]

[K.K.:riˈɡrup]

vt. & vi.

(使)重新组合;(使)重新编组

regroup *

regroup regroups regrouping regrouped
When people, especially soldiers, regroup , or when someone regroups them, they form an organized group again, in order to continue fighting.

- Now the rebel army has regrouped and reorganised.

- The armed forces have refused to observe the truce, saying that the rebels may simply be using it to regroup their forces.

V-ERG

regular

[D.J.:ˈreɡjulə]

[K.K.:ˈrɛɡjəlɚ]

adj.

有规律的, 定期的, 定时的

合乎原则的; 符合规定的; 正当的; 适当的

均匀的; 整齐的; 对称的

正常的, 经常的

连续的; 习惯性的; 固定不变的

regularity

[D.J.:ˌre gjʊˈlærɪtɪ]

[K.K.:ˌr ɛɡjəˈlærətɪ]

n.

规则性,规律性,一致性

端正,整齐,匀称

有规律的事物

正规;经常,定期

regularly

[D.J.:ˈre gjʊləlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈr ɛɡjəlɚlɪ]

adv.

有规律地

定期地

经常地,习惯性地

整齐地,均匀地

regular ****

1. regular
Regular events have equal amounts of time between them, so that they happen, for example, at the same time each day or each week.

- Take regular exercise.

- Now it's time for our regular look at the world of international sport.

- We're going to be meeting there on a regular basis.

- The cartridge must be replaced at regular intervals.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ irregular

2. regularly

- Exercise regularly.

- He also writes regularly for `International Management' magazine.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. regularity

- The overdraft arrangements had been generous because of the regularity of the half-yearly payments.

N-UNCOUNT

4. regular
Regular events happen often.

- ...after a morning punctuated by regular volleys of gunfire...

- Although it may look unpleasant, this condition is harmless, and usually clears up with regular shampooing.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= frequent ≠ infrequent

5. regularly

- Fox, badger, weasel and stoat are regularly seen here.

- Potentially dangerous bacteria are regularly sent from one laboratory to another.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v
= frequently

6. regularity

- Closures and job losses are again being announced with monotonous regularity.

N-UNCOUNT

7. regular
If you are, for example, a regular customer at a shop or a regular visitor to a place, you go there often.

- `Tell me, Mr Mentakis, was Mrs Savalas one of your regular customers?'.

- She has become a regular visitor to Houghton Hall.

- ...people who are not regular churchgoers.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

8. regular regulars
The regulars at a place or in a team are the people who often go to the place or are often in the team.

- Regulars at his local pub have set up a fund to help out.

- I wasn't one of their regulars.

N-COUNT

9. regular
You use regular when referring to the thing, person, time, or place that is usually used by someone. For example, someone's regular place is the place where they usually sit.

- The man shook his hand and then sat at his regular table near the windows.

- ...samples from one of their regular suppliers.

ADJ: det ADJ n
= usual

10. regular
A regular rhythm consists of a series of sounds or movements with equal periods of time between them.

- ...a very regular beat...

- He stood in the doorway, listening to her quiet, regular breathing.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ irregular

11. regularly

- Remember to breathe regularly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

12. regularity

- Experimenters have succeeded in controlling the rate and regularity of the heartbeat.

N-UNCOUNT

13. regular
Regular is used to mean `normal'. (mainly AM)

- The product looks and burns like a regular cigarette.

- He describes himself as just a regular guy from suburban Chicago.

ADJ: ADJ n
= ordinary

14. regular
In some restaurants, a regular drink or quantity of food is of medium size. (mainly AM)

- ...a cheeseburger and regular fries.

ADJ: ADJ n

15. regular
A regular pattern or arrangement consists of a series of things with equal spaces between them.

- ...strange small rounded sandy hillocks, that look as if they've been scattered in a regular pattern on the ground.

- ...regular rows of wooden huts.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ irregular

16. regular
If something has a regular shape, both halves are the same and it has straight edges or a smooth outline.

- ...some regular geometrical shape.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ irregular

17. regularity

- ...the chessboard regularity of their fields.

N-UNCOUNT

18. regular
Regular troops are professional soldiers who are a permanent part of an official national army.

- Most schemes attempt to reduce the cost of defence through a smaller regular army.

- Only about a third of the reinforcements will be regular troops.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ irregular

19. regular regulars
Regulars are regular troops.

- ...the presence of a garrison of British regulars.

N-COUNT: usu pl
≠ irregular

20. regular
In grammar, a regular verb, noun, or adjective inflects in the same way as most verbs, nouns, or adjectives in the language.
ADJ
≠ irregular

regularity *

regularity regularities
A regularity is the fact that the same thing always happens in the same circumstances. (FORMAL)

- Children seek out regularities and rules in acquiring language.

N-COUNT

regular

adjective

1.

normal

common

customary

habitual

ordinary

routine

typical

usual

2.

even

balanced

flat

level

smooth

straight

symmetrical

uniform

3.

systematic

consistent

constant

even

fixed

ordered

set

stated

steady

uniform

regularize

[D.J.:ˈreɡjuləraiz]

[K.K.:ˈrɛɡjələˌraɪz]

vt.

使有规则,使有秩序,调整,使系统化,使合法化

regularize

regularize regularizes regularizing regularized
If someone regularizes a situation or system, they make it officially acceptable or put it under a system of rules. (FORMAL)

- Cohabiting couples would regularise their unions, they said.

- The whole system of financing is being regularized.

VB (BRIT) also regularise

regulate

[D.J.:ˈreɡjuleit]

[K.K.:ˈrɛɡjəˌlet]

vt.

控制, 管理

调整; 调节

regulating

[ˈreɡjuleitiŋ]

n.

调节

regulate **

1. regulate regulates regulating regulated
To regulate an activity or process means to control it, especially by means of rules.

- The powers of the European Commission to regulate competition in the Community are increasing.

- As we get older the temperature-regulating mechanisms in the body tend to become a little less efficient.

VB

2. regulated

- ...a planned, state-regulated economy...

- It's a treatment that can carry risks, and in Britain it's strictly regulated.

ADJ-GRADED

regulate

verb

1.

control

direct

govern

guide

handle

manage

rule

run

supervise

2.

adjust

balance

fit

moderate

modulate

tune

regulation

[D.J.:ˌreɡjuˈleiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛɡjəˈleʃən]

n.

管理, 控制

规章; 规则

regulations

规程;规章;守则;条例

regulation ***

1. regulation regulations
Regulations are rules made by a government or other authority in order to control the way something is done or the way people behave.

- The European Community has proposed new regulations to control the hours worked by its employees.

- Under pressure from the American government, Fiat and other manufacturers obeyed the new safety regulations.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= rule

2. regulation
Also an adjective.

- ...a noisy cheerful group of people in regulation black parade tunics.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. regulation
Regulation is the controlling of an activity or process, usually by means of rules.

- Social services also have responsibility for the regulation of nurseries.

- Some in the market now want government regulation in order to reduce costs.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

regulation

noun

1.

rule

decree

dictate

edict

law

order

precept

statute

2.

control

direction

government

management

supervision

3.

adjustment

modulation

tuning

regulator

[D.J.:ˈreɡjuleitə]

[K.K.:ˈrɛɡjəˌletɚ]

n.

调节器; 校准器; 整时器

regulatory

[ˈreɡjulətəri]

adj.

调整的

regulator ***

1. regulator regulators
A regulator is a person or organization appointed by a government to regulate an area of activity such as banking or industry.

- Congress is being asked to investigate why it took so long for government regulators to shut the plant down.

- An independent regulator will be appointed to ensure fair competition.

N-COUNT

2. regulatory

- ...the UK's financial regulatory system.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. regulator regulators
A regulator is a device or mechanism that automatically controls something, such as the temperature in a room or the growth of a person's body.

- An automatic voltage regulator ensured a constant output from the generator.

N-COUNT

regurgitate

[D.J.:ri:ˈgɜ:dʒɪˌteɪt]

[K.K.:riˈɡə..dʒɪˌtet]

vt.

使反胃,使反哺,使反刍

依样复述

regurgitation

n.

regurgitation

[riˌɡə:dʒiˈteiʃən,ri:ˌɡə:dʒiˈteiʃən]

n.

回流

regurgitate

1. regurgitate regurgitates regurgitating regurgitated
If you say that someone is regurgitating ideas or facts, you mean that they are repeating them without understanding them properly.

- You can get sick to death of a friend regurgitating her partner's opinions.

VB disapproval
= repeat

2. regurgitate regurgitates regurgitating regurgitated
If a person or animal regurgitates food, they bring it back up from their stomach before it has been digested. (FORMAL)

- Sometimes he regurgitates the food we give him because he cannot swallow.

VB
= bring up

regurgitate

verb

vomit

disgorge

puke slang

sick up informal

spew (out or up)

throw up informal

rehab

[D.J.:ˈri:hæb]

[K.K.:ˈriˌhæb]

n.

修复,复兴,恢复名誉,复职

rehab

rehab
Rehab is the process of helping someone to lead a normal life again after they have been ill, or when they have had a drug or alcohol problem. Rehab is short for rehabilitation. (INFORMAL)

- She went through the drug rehab programme twice because she was such an extreme case.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

rehabilitate

[D.J.:ˌri:həˈbiliteit]

[K.K.:ˌrihəˈbɪlɪˌtet]

vt.

改造(罪犯等); 使恢复正常生活

使恢复原状; 修复

恢复…的名誉

rehabilitation

[D.J.:ˌri:həˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrihəˌbɪləˈteʃən]

n.

修复;复兴

复职;恢复名誉,昭雪

(病残人的)康复,更新;(罪犯的)改过迁善

rehabilitate **

1. rehabilitate rehabilitates rehabilitating rehabilitated
To rehabilitate someone who has been ill or in prison means to help them to live a normal life again. To rehabilitate someone who has a drug or alcohol problem means to help them stop using drugs or alcohol.

- Considerable efforts have been made to rehabilitate patients who have suffered in this way.

VB

2. rehabilitation

- A number of other techniques are now being used by psychologists in the rehabilitation of young offenders.

- ...an alcohol and drug rehabilitation centre.

N-UNCOUNT

3. rehabilitate rehabilitates rehabilitating rehabilitated
If someone is rehabilitated , they begin to be considered acceptable again after a period during which they have been rejected or severely criticized. (FORMAL)

- Ten years later, Dreyfus was rehabilitated.

- His candidacy has divided the Republican Party; while most have scorned him, others have sought to rehabilitate him.

VB

4. rehabilitation

- The party has taken an important step towards the rehabilitation of the disgraced MP.

N-UNCOUNT

5. rehabilitate rehabilitates rehabilitating rehabilitated
To rehabilitate a building or an area means to improve its condition so that it can be used again.

- ...a program for rehabilitating low-income housing.

VB

6. rehabilitation

- Money will be directed primarily towards the maintenance and rehabilitation of schools, clinics and machinery.

N-UNCOUNT

rehabilitate

verb

1.

reintegrate

adjust

2.

redeem

clear

reform

restore

save

rehash

vt.

[D.J.:ri:ˈhæʃ]

[K.K.:riˈhæʃ]

改头换面

n.

[D.J.:ˈri:hæʃ]

[K.K.:ˈrihæʃ]

用旧材料改编成的作品

一味的重复

rehashing

重散列

rehash

1. rehash rehashes
If you describe something as a rehash , you are criticizing it because it repeats old ideas, facts, or themes, though some things have been changed to make it appear new.

- The Observer found the play `a feeble rehash of familiar Miller themes'.

- Most of the `new' models promised by American car makers look set to be little more than rehashes of existing products.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N of n disapproval

2. rehash rehashes rehashing rehashed
If you say that someone rehashes old ideas, facts, or accusations, you disapprove of the fact that they present them in a slightly different way so that they seem new or original.

- They've taken some of the best bits out of the best things and rehashed them.

- They are just bringing up all their old rehashed claims with no prospect or vision for the future.

VB disapproval

3. rehashing

- ...the embarrassing rehashing of an old scandal.

N-SING: usu N of n

rehash

verb

1.

rework

refashion

rejig informal

reuse

rewrite

noun

2.

reworking

new version

rearrangement

rewrite

rehearsal

[D.J.:riˈhə:səl]

[K.K.:rɪˈhɚsəl]

n.

练习, 排练, 排演

rehearsal **

1. rehearsal rehearsals
A rehearsal of a play, dance, or piece of music is a practice of it in preparation for a performance.

- The band was scheduled to begin rehearsals for a concert tour.

- When `Can-Can' was in rehearsal, Porter felt that the title song needed a musical introduction.

N-VAR: oft N for/of n
See also dress rehearsal .

2. rehearsal rehearsals
You can describe an event or object which is a preparation for a more important event or object as a rehearsal for it.

- The sketch should be a kind of rehearsal for the eventual painting.

- Daydreams may seem to be rehearsals for real-life situations, but we know they are not.

N-COUNT: N for n

rehearsal

noun

practice

drill

preparation

rehearsing

run-through

rehearse

[D.J.:rɪˈhɜ:s]

[K.K.:rɪˈhə..s]

vt. & vi.

排练, 排演

vt.

详述

rehearse *

1. rehearse rehearses rehearsing rehearsed
When people rehearse a play, dance, or piece of music, they practise it in order to prepare for a performance.

- In his version, a group of actors are rehearsing a play about Joan of Arc.

- Tens of thousands of people have been rehearsing for the opening ceremony in the workers' stadium.

- The cast and crew, who'd never worked together, were only given three and a half weeks to rehearse.

VB

2. rehearse rehearses rehearsing rehearsed
If you rehearse something that you are going to say or do, you silently practise it by imagining that you are saying or doing it.

- Anticipate any tough questions and rehearse your answers.

- We encouraged them to rehearse what they were going to say.

VB

3. rehearse rehearses rehearsing rehearsed
If you rehearse something, you repeat it in detail. (FORMAL)

- Yesterday's speech to the Scottish party conference rehearsed the arguments again.

VB

rehearse

verb

practise

drill

go over

prepare

recite

repeat

run through

train

rehouse

[D.J.:ri:ˈhaʊz]

[K.K.:riˈhaʊz]

n.

给(某人)提供新住房

rehouse

rehouse rehouses rehousing rehoused
If someone is rehoused , their council, local government, or other authority provides them with a different house to live in.

- Many of the 100,000 or so families who lost their homes in the earthquake have still not been rehoused.

- The council has agreed to rehouse the family.

VB

reign

[D.J.:rein]

[K.K.:ren]

vi.

当政, 统治

占主导地位

n.

君主的统治, 君主统治时期, 朝代

reigning

[ˈreiniŋ]

adj.

本届的; 比赛的最近获胜者的

reign **

1. reign reigns reigning reigned
If you say, for example, that silence reigns in a place or confusion reigns in a situation, you mean that the place is silent or the situation is confused.

- Last night confusion reigned about how the debate, which continues today, would end.

- A relative calm reigned over the city.

VB

2. reign reigns reigning reigned
When a king or queen reigns , he or she rules a country.

- ...Henry II, who reigned from 1154 to 1189.

- ...George III, Britain's longest reigning monarch.

VB

3. reign reigns
Also a noun.

- ...Queen Victoria's reign.

N-COUNT: with poss

4. reign reigns reigning reigned
If you say that a person reigns in a situation or area, you mean that they are very powerful or successful.

- Connors reigned as the world No. 1 for 159 consecutive weeks.

- Coco Chanel reigned over fashion for half a century.

VB

5. reign reigns
Also a noun.

- ...a new book celebrating 21 years of Giles Havergal's reign as artistic director of the Citizens' Theatre.

N-COUNT: with poss

6. reign
Someone or something that reigns supreme is the most important or powerful element in a situation or period of time.

- The bicycle reigned supreme as Britain's most popular mode of transport.

- Senator Sam Nunn reigns supreme over the Senate Armed Services Committee.

PHR: V inflects

7. reign
A reign of terror is a period during which there is a lot of violence and killing, especially by people who are in a position of power.

- The commanders accused him of carrying out a reign of terror.

PHR

reigning *

reigning
The reigning champion is the most recent winner of a contest or competition at the time you are talking about.

- The result means that the reigning world champion has extended his lead in this season's championship.

ADJ: ADJ n

reign

noun

1.

rule

command

control

dominion

monarchy

power

verb

2.

rule

be in power

command

govern

influence

3.

be supreme

hold sway

predominate

prevail

reimburse

[D.J.:ˌri:ɪmˈbɜ:s]

[K.K.:ˌriɪmˈbə..s]

vt.

偿还；付还

reimburse *

reimburse reimburses reimbursing reimbursed
If you reimburse someone for something, you pay them back the money that they have spent or lost because of it. (FORMAL)

- I'll be happy to reimburse you for any expenses you might have incurred.

- The funds are supposed to reimburse policyholders in the event of insurer failure.

VB

reimburse

verb

pay back

compensate

recompense

refund

remunerate

repay

return

reimbursement

[D.J.:ˌri:ɪmˈbɜ:smənt]

[K.K.:ˌriɪmˈbə..smənt]

n.

偿还;退款

补偿;赔偿

reimbursement *

reimbursement reimbursements
If you receive reimbursement for money that you have spent, you get your money back, for example because the money should have been paid by someone else. (FORMAL)

- She is demanding reimbursement for medical and other expenses.

- It can take up to six months before reimbursements are paid.

N-VAR

rein

[D.J.:rein]

[K.K.:ren]

n.

缰, 缰绳

控制手段

vt.

勒缰绳使(马)停步, 驾驭

reins

[D.J.:reinz]

[K.K.:renz]

n.

感情,激情

rein **

1. rein reins
Reins are the thin leather straps attached round a horse's neck which are used to control the horse.
N-PLURAL

2. rein reins
Journalists sometimes use the expression the reins or the reins of power to refer to the control of a country or organization.

- He indicated he was determined to see the party keep a hold on the reins of power.

N-PLURAL: oft the N of n

3. rein
If you give free rein to someone, you give them a lot of freedom to do what they want.

- The government continued to believe it should give free rein to the private sector in transport.

PHR: V inflects
= carte blanche

4. rein
If you keep a tight rein on someone, you control them firmly.

- Her parents had kept her on a tight rein with their narrow and inflexible views.

PHR: V inflects

rein

verb

1.

control

check

curb

halt

hold back

limit

restrain

restrict

noun

2.

control

brake

bridle

check

curb

harness

hold

restraint

rein back **

rein back reins back; reining back; reined back
To rein back something such as spending means to control it strictly.

- He promised that between now and the end of the year the government would try to rein back inflation.

PHR-V
= check

rein in **

1. rein in reins in; reining in; reined in
To rein in something means to control it.

- His administration's economic policy would focus on reining in inflation and reducing the budget deficit.

- Mary spoiled both her children, then tried too late to rein them in.

PHR-V
= control

2. rein in reins in; reining in; reined in
If you rein in a horse, you stop it or cause it to go more slowly by pulling its reins.

- The horsemen reined in and shouted at the men behind to turn back.

- Mrs Glick reined in the horse and stopped at the crossroads.

PHR-V

reincarnate

[D.J.:ˌri:ɪnˈkɑ:neɪt]

[K.K.:ˌriɪnˈkɑrnet]

vt.

赋予新形体,使转世化身

[D.J.:ˌri:ɪnˈkɑ:nət]

[K.K.:ˌriɪnˈkɑrnət]

adj.

转世化身的

reincarnate

reincarnate reincarnates reincarnating reincarnated
If people believe that they will be reincarnated when they die, they believe that their spirit will be born again and will live in the body of another person or animal.

- ...their belief that human souls were reincarnated in the bodies of turtles.

- ...a reincarnated soul.

VB: usu passive

reincarnation

[D.J.:ˌri:ɪnkɑ:ˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌriɪnkɑrˈneʃən]

n.

再投胎,再生,转世

化身而成的生物;再生化身

reincarnation *

1. reincarnation
If you believe in reincarnation , you believe that you will be reincarnated after you die.

- Many African tribes believe in reincarnation.

N-UNCOUNT

2. reincarnation reincarnations
A reincarnation is a person or animal whose body is believed to contain the spirit of a dead person.
N-COUNT

reincarnation

noun

rebirth

transmigration of souls

reindeer

[D.J.:ˈreɪnˌdɪə]

[K.K.:ˈrenˌdɪr]

n.

<动>驯鹿

reindeer

reindeer
A reindeer is a deer with large horns called antlers that lives in northern areas of Europe, Asia, and America.
N-COUNT Reindeer is both the singular and the plural form

reinforce

[D.J.:ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:s]

[K.K.:ˌriɪnˈfɔrs, -ˈfors]

vt.

增强; 加强

reinforced

加固的;增强的

reinforcing

网衣补强

reinforce **

1. reinforce reinforces reinforcing reinforced
If something reinforces a feeling, situation, or process, it makes it stronger or more intense.

- A stronger European Parliament would, they fear, only reinforce the power of the larger countries.

- This sense of privilege tends to be reinforced by the outside world.

VB
= consolidate

2. reinforce reinforces reinforcing reinforced
If something reinforces an idea or point of view, it provides more evidence or support for it.

- The delegation hopes to reinforce the idea that human rights are not purely internal matters.

VB
= strengthen

3. reinforce reinforces reinforcing reinforced
To reinforce an object means to make it stronger or harder.

- Eventually, they had to reinforce the walls with exterior beams.

VB

4. reinforced

- Its windows were of reinforced glass.

ADJ

5. reinforce reinforces reinforcing reinforced
To reinforce an army or a police force means to make it stronger by increasing its size or providing it with more weapons. To reinforce a position or place means to make it stronger by sending more soldiers or weapons.

- Both sides have been reinforcing their positions after yesterday's fierce fighting.

- Troops and police have been reinforced in the southern Pakistan city of Hyderabad.

VB

reinforce

verb

support

bolster

emphasize

fortify

prop

strengthen

stress

supplement

toughen

reinforced concrete

reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete is concrete that is made with pieces of metal inside it to make it stronger.

- The prison was the safest building in the whole area because it was made of reinforced concrete.

N-UNCOUNT

reinforcement

[D.J.:ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:smənt, -ˈfəʊrs-]

[K.K.:ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənt, -ˈfors-]

n.

援军;增援警力

(感情或思想等的)巩固,加强,强化

reinforcements

[ˌri:inˈfɔ:smənts]

n.

援兵

reinforcement *

1. reinforcement reinforcements
Reinforcements are soldiers or policemen who are sent to join an army or group of police in order to make it stronger.

- Mr Vlok promised new measures to protect residents, including the despatch of police and troop reinforcements.

N-PLURAL

2. reinforcement reinforcements
The reinforcement of something is the process of making it stronger.

- I am sure that this meeting will contribute to the reinforcement of peace and security all over the world.

- What the teacher now has to do is remove the reinforcement for this bad behaviour.

- There are reinforcement bars on all doors.

N-VAR: oft N of n

reinforcement

noun

1.

strengthening

augmentation

fortification

increase

2.

support

brace

buttress

prop

stay

reinforcements

3.

reserves

additional or fresh troops

auxiliaries

support

reinstate

[D.J.:ˌri:ɪnˈsteɪt]

[K.K.:ˌriɪnˈstet]

vt.

使恢复原职;使恢复原有权利

reinstate *

1. reinstate reinstates reinstating reinstated
If you reinstate someone, you give them back a job or position which had been taken away from them.

- The governor is said to have agreed to reinstate five senior workers who were dismissed.

- Thailand's prime minister announced his resignation today, but he is widely expected to be reinstated within a few days.

VB

2. reinstate reinstates reinstating reinstated
To reinstate a law, facility, or practice means to start having it again.

- She says the public response was a factor in the decision to reinstate the grant.

- There have now been 139 executions since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976.

VB
= restore

reinstate

verb

restore

recall

re-establish

replace

return

reinstatement

n.

复原,复职

reinstatement *

1. reinstatement
Reinstatement is the act of giving someone back a job or position which has been taken away from them.

- Parents campaigned in vain for her reinstatement.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss

2. reinstatement
The reinstatement of a law, facility, or practice is the act of causing it to exist again.

- He welcomed the reinstatement of the 10 per cent bank base rate.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss
= restoration

reinvent

[D.J.:ˌri:inˈvent]

[K.K.:ˌriɪnˈvɛnt]

vt.

(在不知他人以发明的情况下)重复发明,彻底改造,重新使用

reinvent

1. reinvent reinvents reinventing reinvented
To reinvent something means to change it so that it seems different and new.

- They have tried to reinvent their retail stores.

- He was determined to reinvent himself as a poet and writer.

VB

2. reinvention

- ...a reinvention of the styles of the 1940s.

N-UNCOUNT

3. reinvent
If someone is trying to reinvent the wheel , they are trying to think of a new way of doing something that has been done in the same way for a very long time.

- Some of these ideas are worth pursuing, but there is no need to reinvent the wheel.

PHR: V inflects

reissue

[D.J.:ˌri:ˈisju:]

[K.K.:riˈɪʃu]

vt.

再版, 再印

reissue *

1. reissue reissues
A reissue is a book, record, or film that has not been available for some time but is now is published or produced again.

- ...this welcome reissue of a 1955 Ingmar Bergman classic.

N-COUNT

2. reissue reissues reissuing reissued
If something such as a book, record, or film is reissued after it has not been available for some time, it is published or produced again.

- Evelyn Waugh's novels have just been reissued by Penguin with eye-catching new covers.

VB: usu passive

reiterate

[D.J.:ri:ˈɪtəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:riˈɪtəˌret]

vt.

反复地说,重申

reiteration

n.

反复地说,重申

reiterative

adj.

反复说的,重申的

reiteration

[ri:ˌitəˈreiʃən]

n.

重复,反复

reiterative

[ri:ˈitərətiv]

adj.

反复的

n.

反复语

reiterate *

1. reiterate reiterates reiterating reiterated
If you reiterate something, you say it again, usually in order to emphasize it. (FORMAL or JOURNALISM)

- He reiterated his opposition to the creation of a central bank.

- I want to reiterate that our conventional weapons are superior.

VB
= repeat

2. reiteration reiterations

- It was really a reiteration of the same old entrenched positions.

N-VAR: oft N of n
= repetition

reiterate

verb

repeat

do again

restate

say again

reject

[D.J.:riˈdʒekt]

[K.K.:rɪˈdʒɛkt]

vt.

拒绝, 谢绝; 驳回

舍弃, 排斥, 退掉

[ˈri:dʒekt]

n.

被拒货品, 不合格产品

rejection

[D.J.:rɪˈdʒekʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈdʒɛkʃən]

n.

拒绝;退回;剔除

摒弃,厌弃,废弃

剔除物,废弃物;呕出物

<医>排斥

rejects

选矿废渣

reject ****

1. reject rejects rejecting rejected
If you reject something such as a proposal, a request, or an offer, you do not accept it or you do not agree to it.

- The British government is expected to reject the idea of state subsidy for a new high speed railway.

- Seventeen publishers rejected the manuscript before Jenks saw its potential.

VB

2. rejection rejections

- The rejection of such initiatives by no means indicates that voters are unconcerned about the environment.

N-VAR: oft N of n

3. reject rejects rejecting rejected
If you reject a belief or a political system, you refuse to believe in it or to live by its rules.

- ...the children of Eastern European immigrants who had rejected their parents' political and religious beliefs.

VB

4. rejection

- His rejection of our values is far more complete than that of D. H. Lawrence.

N-VAR

5. reject rejects rejecting rejected
If someone is rejected for a job or course of study, it is not offered to them.

- One of my most able students was rejected by another university.

VB

6. rejection

- Be prepared for lots of rejections before you land a job.

N-COUNT

7. reject rejects rejecting rejected
If someone rejects another person who expects affection from them, they are cold and unfriendly towards them.

- You make friends with people and then make unreasonable demands so that they reject you.

- ...people who had been rejected by their lovers.

VB

8. rejection

- These feelings of rejection and hurt remain.

N-VAR

9. reject rejects rejecting rejected
If a person's body rejects something such as a new heart that has been transplanted into it, it tries to attack and destroy it.

- It was feared his body was rejecting a kidney he received in a transplant four years ago.

VB

10. rejection

- ...a special drug which stops rejection of transplanted organs.

N-VAR

11. reject rejects rejecting rejected
If a machine rejects a coin that you put in it, the coin comes out and the machine does not work.
VB

12. reject rejects
A reject is a product that has not been accepted for use or sale, because there is something wrong with it.
N-COUNT

reject

verb

1.

deny

decline

disallow

exclude

renounce

repudiate

veto

2.

rebuff

jilt

refuse

repulse

say no to

spurn

turn down

3.

discard

eliminate

jettison

scrap

throw away or out

noun

4.

castoff

discard

failure

second

rejection

noun

1.

denial

dismissal

exclusion

renunciation

repudiation

thumbs down

veto

2.

rebuff

brushoff slang

kick in the teeth slang

knock-back slang

refusal

rejig

[D.J.:ri:ˈdʒɪg]

[K.K.:riˈdʒɪɡ]

重新装备

rejig

rejig rejigs rejigging rejigged
If someone rejigs an organization or a piece of work, they arrange or organize it in a different way, in order to improve it. (BRIT; in AM use rejigger )

- The adjustments needed to rejig the industry are undeniably complex.

VB

rejig

verb

rearrange

alter

juggle

manipulate

reorganize

tweak

rejigger

[D.J.:ˈri:ˈdʒiɡə]

[K.K.:riˈdʒɪɡɚ]

v.

〈美俚〉重新安排,重新装备,更改

rejigger

rejigger rejiggers rejiggering rejiggered
If someone rejiggers an organization or a piece of work, they arrange or organize it in a different way, in order to improve it. (AM; in BRIT use rejig )

- The result is that the government is rejiggering some of the assessment methods for social charges and adopting some new tax credits.

VB

rejoice

[D.J.:riˈdʒɔis]

[K.K.:rɪˈdʒɔɪs]

vt. & vi.

(使)欣喜[高兴, 快乐]

rejoicing

[D.J.:rɪˈd ʒ ɔɪsɪŋ]

[K.K.:rɪˈd ʒ ɔɪsɪŋ]

n.

欣喜,喜悦,高兴

庆祝,欢庆

rejoice *

1. rejoice rejoices rejoicing rejoiced
If you rejoice , you are very pleased about something and you show it in your behaviour.

- Garbo plays the Queen, rejoicing in the love she has found with Antonio.

- A Foreign Ministry statement said that the French government rejoiced at the happy outcome to events.

- Party activists in New Hampshire rejoiced that the presidential campaign had finally started.

VB

2. rejoicing

- There was general rejoicing at the news.

N-UNCOUNT

3. rejoice
If you say that a person or thing rejoices in the name of something, you mean that they have a silly or amusing name.

- ...their tortoise, who rejoiced in the name of Carruthers.

PHR: V inflects

rejoice

verb

be glad

be happy

be overjoyed

celebrate

exult

glory

rejoicing

noun

happiness

celebration

elation

exultation

gladness

joy

jubilation

merrymaking

rejoin

[D.J.:rɪˈdʒɔɪn]

[K.K.:rɪˈdʒɔɪn]

vt.

重返,返回

与…再会合,与…团聚

重新加入

再连接,重新接合

回答;反驳

vi.

重新会合;重新加入;重新接合

回答;反驳

<律>(被告对原告的辩驳所作的)第二次答辩

rejoining

重勾灰缝

rejoin *

1. rejoin rejoins rejoining rejoined
If you rejoin a group, club, or organization, you become a member of it again after not being a member for a period of time.

- The Prime Minister of Fiji has said Fiji is in no hurry to rejoin the Commonwealth.

- He rejoined Sadler's Wells Royal Ballet as Assistant Administrator in 1988.

VB

2. rejoin rejoins rejoining rejoined
If you rejoin someone, you go back to them after a short time away from them.

- Mimi and her family went off to Tunisia to rejoin her father.

VB

3. rejoin rejoins rejoining rejoined
If you rejoin a route, you go back to it after travelling along a different route for a time.

- At Dorset Wharf go left to rejoin the river.

- In the morning I rejoined Highway 127 south.

VB

4. rejoin rejoins rejoined
To rejoin means to answer quickly what someone has said, usually in a clever or critical manner. (WRITTEN, FORMAL)

- `I dare say they do,' rejoined his wife drily. `And who's to say who's right?'

VB: no cont
= retort

rejoin

verb

reply

answer

respond

retort

riposte

rejoinder

[D.J.:rɪˈdʒɔɪndə]

[K.K.:rɪˈdʒɔɪndɚ]

n.

回答;反驳,答辩

rejoinder

rejoinder rejoinders
A rejoinder is a reply, especially a quick, witty, or critical one, to a question or remark. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT
= retort

rejoinder

noun

reply

answer

comeback informal

response

retort

riposte

rejuvenate

[D.J.:rɪˈdʒu:vəˌneɪt]

[K.K.:rɪˈdʒuvəˌnet]

vt.

使变得年轻, 使恢复活力

rejuvenated

更生的

rejuvenation

n.

返老还童,恢复活力,回春,复壮

rejuvenate *

1. rejuvenate rejuvenates rejuvenating rejuvenated
If something rejuvenates you, it makes you feel or look young again.

- Shelley was advised that the Italian climate would rejuvenate him.

- When it was time to leave and return to civilization we both felt rejuvenated.

- This rejuvenated economy will turn its face to the people.

VB

2. rejuvenating

- The hotel's new Spa offers every kind of rejuvenating treatment and therapy.

ADJ

3. rejuvenate rejuvenates rejuvenating rejuvenated
If you rejuvenate an organization or system, you make it more lively and more efficient, for example by introducing new ideas.

- The government pushed through schemes to rejuvenate the inner cities.

- They should concentrate on rejuvenating the existing vegetation, like grass and shrubs.

VB

4. rejuvenation

- The way Britain organises its politics needs rejuvenation.

N-UNCOUNT

rejuvenate

verb

revitalize

breathe new life into

refresh

regenerate

reinvigorate

renew

restore

rekindle

[D.J.:ri:ˈkɪndl]

[K.K.:riˈkɪndl..]

vt.

使再燃

rekindling

重点火

rekindle *

1. rekindle rekindles rekindling rekindled
If something rekindles an interest, feeling, or thought that you used to have, it makes you think about it or feel it again.

- Ben Brantley's article on Sir Ian McKellen rekindled many memories.

- Her interest was rekindled when she saw herbs in everyday medicinal use there.

VB
= reawaken

2. rekindle rekindles rekindling rekindled
If something rekindles an unpleasant situation, it makes the unpleasant situation happen again.

- There are fears that the series could rekindle animosity between the two countries.

VB

relapse

[D.J.:rɪˈlæps]

[K.K.:rɪˈlæps]

n.

再度恶化;旧病复发；故态复萌

vi.

再度恶化;故态复萌

relapse *

1. relapse relapses relapsing relapsed
If you say that someone relapses into a way of behaving that is undesirable, you mean that they start to behave in that way again.

- `I wish I did,' said Phil Jordan, relapsing into his usual gloom.

- It is by no means clear that the financial markets will not relapse into panic.

VB

2. relapse relapses
Also a noun.

- ...a relapse into the nationalism of the nineteenth century.

N-COUNT: oft N into n

3. relapse relapses relapsing relapsed
If a sick person relapses , their health suddenly gets worse after it had been improving.

- In 90 per cent of cases the patient will relapse within six months.

VB

4. relapse relapses
Also a noun.

- The treatment is usually given to women with a high risk of relapse after surgery.

- The sufferer can experience frequent relapses.

N-VAR

relapse

verb

1.

lapse

backslide

degenerate

fail

regress

revert

slip back

2.

worsen

deteriorate

fade

fail

sicken

sink

weaken

noun

3.

lapse

backsliding

regression

retrogression

4.

worsening

deterioration

turn for the worse

weakening

relate

[D.J.:riˈleit]

[K.K.:rɪˈlet]

vt. & vi.

(把…)联系起来

vt.

讲述; 叙述

related

[D.J.:rɪˈleɪtɪd]

[K.K.:rɪˈletɪd]

adj.

与…有亲戚关系的

有关系的

relatedly

adv.

与…有亲戚关系地;有关系地

relatedness

n.

与…有亲戚关系;有关系

relating

关联

relate ***

1. relate relates relating related
If something relates to a particular subject, it concerns that subject.

- Other recommendations relate to the details of how such data is stored.

- It does not matter whether the problem you have relates to food, drink, smoking or just living.

- I had papers relating to the children which my wife and I had to sign.

VB

2. relate relates relating related
The way that two things relate , or the way that one thing relates to another, is the sort of connection that exists between them.

- More studies will be required before we know what the functions of these genes are and whether they relate to each other.

- Cornell University offers a course that investigates how language relates to particular cultural codes.

- Many Christians today feel the need to relate their experience to that of the Hindu, the Buddhist and the Muslim.

- ...a paper called `Language and freedom' in which Chomsky tries to relate his linguistic and political views.

V-RECIP-ERG

3. relate relates relating related
If you can relate to someone, you can understand how they feel or behave so that you are able to communicate with them or deal with them easily.

- He is unable to relate to other people.

- I think it is important for children to have brothers and sisters they can relate to.

- When people are cut off from contact with others for any length of time, they lose all ability to relate.

V-RECIP

4. relate relates relating related
If you relate a story, you tell it. (FORMAL)

- In Kathmandu there were Tibetan-speaking officials to whom he could relate the whole story.

- The poet sought support for a point he was making by relating the tale of an Irish peasant.

VB
= tell

related ***

1. related
If two or more things are related , there is a connection between them.

- The philosophical problems of chance and of free will are closely related.

- ...equipment and accessories for diving and related activities.

ADJ
= connected

2. related
People who are related belong to the same family.

- ...people in countries like Bangladesh who have been able to show they are related to a spouse or parent living in Britain.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n

3. related
If you say that different types of animal or different languages are related , you mean that they have developed from the same type of animal or language.

- He recognized that Sanskrit, the language of India, was related very closely to Latin, Greek, and the Germanic and Celtic languages.

- ...closely related species.

ADJ: oft ADJ to n

relate

verb

1.

connect

associate

correlate

couple

join

link

2.

concern

apply

be relevant to

have to do with

pertain

refer

3.

tell

describe

detail

narrate

recite

recount

report

related

adjective

1.

akin

kindred

2.

associated

affiliated

akin

connected

interconnected

joint

linked

-related

-related
-related combines with nouns to form adjectives with the meaning `connected with the thing referred to by the noun'.

- More than 50 arrests were made, mostly for drug-related offences.

- Twelve people die every hour from smoking-related diseases.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n

relation

[D.J.:riˈleiʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈleʃən]

n.

关系, 联系, 交往

亲戚(关系); 亲属(关系)

relations

[riˈleiʃənz]

n.

彼此间的看法；两者的关系

relation ****

1. relation relations
Relations between people, groups, or countries are contacts between them and the way in which they behave towards each other.

- Greece has established full diplomatic relations with Israel.

- Apparently relations between husband and wife had not improved.

- The company has a track record of good employee relations.

N-COUNT: usu pl
See also industrial relations , public relations , race relations .

2. relation relations
If you talk about the relation of one thing to another, you are talking about the ways in which they are connected.

- It is a question of the relation of ethics to economics.

- ...a relation between youthful unemployment and drug-related offences...

- This theory bears no relation to reality.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of/to/between n
= relationship

3. relation relations
Your relations are the members of your family.

- ...visits to friends and relations...

- In America they are touting Hugh Grant as the next Cary Grant (no relation).

N-COUNT
= relative

See also poor relation .

4. relation
You can talk about something in relation to something else when you want to compare the size, condition, or position of the two things.

- The money he'd been ordered to pay was minimal in relation to his salary.

- ...women's position in relation to men in the context of the family...

- You are given a map so that you can see where your villa is in relation to the swimming pool.

PHR-PREP

5. relation
If something is said or done in relation to a subject, it is said or done in connection with that subject.

- ...a question which has been asked many times in relation to Irish affairs...

- He is the sixth person to be arrested in relation to the coup plot.

PHR-PREP
= in connection with

relation

noun

1.

connection

bearing

bond

comparison

correlation

link

2.

relative

kin

kinsman or kinswoman

3.

kinship

affinity

kindred

relations

plural noun

1.

dealings

affairs

connections

contact

interaction

intercourse

relationship

2.

family

clan

kin

kindred

kinsfolk

kinsmen

relatives

tribe

relationship

[D.J.:riˈleiʃənʃip]

[K.K.:rɪˈleʃənˌʃɪp]

n.

关系, 联系

relationship ****

1. relationship relationships
The relationship between two people or groups is the way in which they feel and behave towards each other.

- The Chinese President has said that China will maintain its traditional friendly relationship with Bangladesh.

- Money problems place great stress on close family relationships.

N-COUNT: with supp

2. relationship relationships
A relationship is a close friendship between two people, especially one involving romantic or sexual feelings.

- We had been together for two years, but both of us felt the relationship wasn't really going anywhere.

N-COUNT

3. relationship relationships
The relationship between two things is the way in which they are connected.

- A number of small-scale studies have already indicated that there is a relationship between diet and cancer.

- ...an analysis of market mechanisms and their relationship to state capitalism and political freedom.

N-COUNT: N between/to/of n

relationship

noun

1.

association

affinity

bond

connection

kinship

rapport

2.

affair

liaison

3.

connection

correlation

link

parallel

similarity

tie-up

relative

[D.J.:ˈrelətiv]

[K.K.:ˈrɛlətɪv]

adj.

相对的; 比较的

n.

亲属, 亲戚

relative ***

1. relative relatives
Your relatives are the members of your family.

- Do relatives of yours still live in Siberia?.

- Get a relative to look after the children.

N-COUNT
= relation

2. relative
You use relative to say that something is true to a certain degree, especially when compared with other things of the same kind.

- The fighting resumed after a period of relative calm.

- It is a cancer that can be cured with relative ease.

- Pedestrian zones mean that children can play in relative safety.

ADJ: ADJ n
= comparative

3. relative
You use relative when you are comparing the quality or size of two things.

- They chatted about the relative merits of London and Paris as places to live.

- I reflected on the relative importance of education in 50 countries.

- ...the relative strength of the central and state governments.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. relative
Relative to something means with reference to it or in comparison with it.

- Japanese interest rates rose relative to America's.

- House prices now look cheap relative to earnings.

- The satellite remains in one spot relative to the earth's surface.

PHR-PREP
= in relation to

5. relative
If you say that something is relative , you mean that it needs to be considered and judged in relation to other things.

- Fitness is relative; one must always ask `Fit for what?'.

- Truth is relative.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
≠ absolute

6. relative relatives
If one animal, plant, language, or invention is a relative of another, they have both developed from the same type of animal, plant, language, or invention.

- The pheasant is a close relative of the Guinea hen.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

relative

adjective

1.

dependent

allied

associated

comparative

contingent

corresponding

proportionate

related

2.

relevant

applicable

apposite

appropriate

apropos

germane

pertinent

noun

3.

relation

kinsman or kinswoman

member of one's or the family

relative clause

relative clause relative clauses
In grammar, a relative clause is a subordinate clause which specifies or gives information about a person or thing. Relative clauses come after a noun or pronoun and, in English, often begin with a relative pronoun such as `who', `which', or `that'.
N-COUNT

relatively

[D.J.:ˈrelətɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈrɛlətɪvlɪ]

adv.

相对地,比较而言;相当

relatively speaking

相对来说；相比较而言

relatively ***

relatively
Relatively means to a certain degree, especially when compared with other things of the same kind.

- The sums needed are relatively small.

- I like to think I'm relatively easy to get along with.

ADV: ADV adj/adv
= comparatively

relatively

adverb

comparatively

rather

somewhat

relative pronoun

relative pronoun relative pronouns
A relative pronoun is a word such as `who', `that', or `which' that is used to introduce a relative clause. `Whose', `when', `where', and `why' are generally called relative pronouns , though they are actually adverbs.
N-COUNT

relativism

[D.J.:ˈrelətivizəm]

[K.K.:ˈrɛlətɪˌvɪzəm]

n.

相对论,相对主义

relativism

relativism
Relativism is the belief that the truth is not always the same but varies according to circumstances.

- Traditionalists may howl, but in today's world, cultural relativism rules.

- Bennett launched a crusade for `moral values' against decadent `liberal relativism.'

N-UNCOUNT
≠ absolutism

relativist

[D.J.:ˈrelətivist]

[K.K.:ˈrɛlətɪvɪst]

n.

相对论者,相对主义者

relativist

1. relativist
A relativist position or argument is one according to which the truth is not always the same, but varies according to circumstances.

- Bonger advocated a relativist position. In his view, what is considered immoral depends on the social structure.

ADJ
≠ absolutist

2. relativist relativists
A relativist is someone with relativist views.
N-COUNT

relativity

[D.J.:ˌreləˈtiviti]

[K.K.:ˌrɛləˈtɪvɪti]

n.

〈物〉相对论

相关性

relativity *

relativity
The theory of relativity is Einstein's theory concerning space, time, and motion. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

relax

[D.J.:riˈlæks]

[K.K.:rɪˈlæks]

vt. & vi.

(使)轻松

(使)松弛; 放宽

relaxed

[D.J.:rɪˈlækst]

[K.K.:rɪˈlækst]

adj.

(人)轻松的;自在的,随便的;无拘无束的

舒适的;得到休息的

relaxedly

adv.

轻松地;自在地;舒适地;随便地

relaxedly

[riˈlæksidli]

adv.

缓慢地,松弛地,宽心地

relaxing

[riˈlæksiŋ]

adj.

使人懒洋洋的

relax ***

1. relax relaxes relaxing relaxed
If you relax or if something relaxes you, you feel more calm and less worried or tense.

- I ought to relax and stop worrying about it.

- For the first time since his arrival he relaxed slightly.

- Do something that you know relaxes you.

V-ERG

2. relax relaxes relaxing relaxed
When a part of your body relaxes , or when you relax it, it becomes less stiff or firm.

- Massage is used to relax muscles, relieve stress and improve the circulation.

- His face relaxes into a contented smile.

V-ERG

3. relax relaxes relaxing relaxed
If you relax your grip or hold on something, you hold it less tightly than before.

- He gradually relaxed his grip on the arms of the chair.

VB
≠ tighten

4. relax relaxes relaxing relaxed
If you relax a rule or your control over something, or if it relaxes , it becomes less firm or strong.

- Rules governing student conduct relaxed somewhat in recent years.

- How much can the President relax his grip over the nation without emboldening it to rise in open revolt?.

- Some analysts believe that the government soon will begin relaxing economic controls.

V-ERG
≠ tighten

relaxed **

1. relaxed
If you are relaxed , you are calm and not worried or tense.

- As soon as I had made the final decision, I felt a lot more relaxed.

- Try to adopt a more relaxed manner.

ADJ-GRADED

2. relaxed
If a place or situation is relaxed , it is calm and peaceful.

- The atmosphere at lunch was relaxed.

ADJ-GRADED

relaxing *

relaxing
Something that is relaxing is pleasant and helps you to relax.

- I find cooking very relaxing.

- We come here once a year expecting a quiet, relaxing holiday.

ADJ-GRADED
= restful

relax

verb

1.

be or feel at ease

calm

chill out slang chiefly U.S.

lighten up slang

rest

take it easy

unwind

2.

lessen

abate

ease

ebb

let up

loosen

lower

moderate

reduce

relieve

slacken

weaken

relaxed

adjective

easy-going

casual

comfortable

easy

free and easy

informal

laid-back informal

leisurely

relaxation

[D.J.:ˌri:lækˈseɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrilækˈseʃən]

n.

消遣, 娱乐

松懈;松弛;放松;放宽

relaxation **

1. relaxation
Relaxation is a way of spending time in which you rest and feel comfortable.

- You should be able to find the odd moment for relaxation.

- Relaxation techniques are taught in hospitals in order to help all sorts of conditions.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. relaxation
If there is relaxation of a rule or control, it is made less firm or strong.

- The relaxation of travel restrictions means they are free to travel and work.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of/in n

relaxation

noun

leisure

enjoyment

fun

pleasure

recreation

rest

relay

[ˈri:lei]

n.

接替人员, 替班

中继转播(设备)

[riˈlei]

vt.

转述; 转达

转播

relaying

继电保护

relay **

1. relay relays
A relay or a relay race is a race between two or more teams, for example teams of runners or swimmers. Each member of the team runs or swims one section of the race.

- Britain's prospects of beating the United States in the relay looked poor.

N-COUNT

2. relay relays relaying relayed
To relay television or radio signals means to send them or broadcast them.

- The satellite will be used mainly to relay television programmes.

- This system continuously monitors levels of radiation and relays the information to a central computer.

- The event will be relayed to a giant TV screen a mile away.

VB

3. relay relays
Also a noun.

- More than a thousand people outside listened to a relay of the proceedings.

N-COUNT

4. relay relays
A relay is a piece of equipment that receives television or radio signals from one place and sends them to another place.

- ...a security system with satellite relays.

- ...a television relay station.

N-COUNT

5. relay relays relaying relayed
If you relay something that has been said to you, you repeat it to another person. (FORMAL)

- She relayed the message, then frowned.

- The decision will be relayed to Iraq's ambassador at the UN.

VB

relay

noun

1.

shift

relief

turn

2.

message

dispatch

transmission

verb

3.

pass on

broadcast

carry

communicate

send

spread

transmit

release

[riˈli:s]

vt.

释放; 放开

发布; 发行; 发售

n.

释放, 排放, 解除

释放令

公映的新影片, 发布的新闻[消息]

releasing

释放

release *****

1. release releases releasing released
If a person or animal is released from somewhere where they have been locked up or looked after, they are set free or allowed to go.

- He was released from custody the next day.

- He is expected to be released from hospital today.

- Fifty-five foxes were released from a fur farm by animal rights activists.

- He was released on bail.

VB: usu passive

2. release releases
When someone is released, you refer to their release .

- He called for the immediate release of all political prisoners.

- ...the secret negotiations necessary to secure hostage releases...

- Serious complications have delayed his release from hospital.

N-COUNT: with supp

3. release releases releasing released
If someone or something releases you from a duty, task, or feeling, they free you from it. (FORMAL)

- Divorce releases both the husband and wife from all marital obligations to each other.

- This releases the teacher to work with individuals who are having extreme difficulty.

VB

4. release
Also a noun.

- Our therapeutic style offers release from stored tensions, traumas and grief.

- They look on life at college as a blessed release from the obligation to work.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft N from N

5. release releases releasing released
To release feelings or abilities means to allow them to be expressed.

- Becoming your own person releases your creativity.

- I personally don't want to release my anger on anyone else.

- Humour is wonderful for releasing tension.

VB

6. release
Also a noun.

- She felt the sudden sweet release of her own tears.

N-UNCOUNT

7. release releases releasing released
If someone in authority releases something such as a document or information, they make it available.

- They're not releasing any more details yet.

- Figures released yesterday show retail sales were down in March.

VB

8. release releases
Also a noun.

- Action had been taken to speed up the release of cheques.

N-COUNT: with supp

9. release releases releasing released
If you release someone or something, you stop holding them. (FORMAL)

- He stopped and faced her, releasing her wrist.

- ...the twisting action before a bowler releases the ball.

VB
= let go

10. release releases releasing released
If you release a device, you move it so that it stops holding something.

- Wade released the hand brake and pulled away from the curb.

VB

11. release releases releasing released
If something releases gas, heat, or a substance, it causes it to leave its container or the substance that it was part of and enter the surrounding atmosphere or area.

- ...a weapon which releases toxic nerve gas...

- The contraction of muscles uses energy and releases heat.

- The drug is surgically implanted into a woman's arm where it gradually releases the hormones into the body.

VB

12. release releases
Also a noun.

- Under the agreement, releases of cancer-causing chemicals will be cut by about 80 per cent.

N-COUNT: with supp

13. release releases releasing released
When an entertainer or company releases a new record, video, or film, it becomes available so that people can buy it or see it.

- He is releasing an album of love songs.

VB

14. release releases
A new release is a new record, video, or film that has just become available for people to buy or see.

- Of the new releases that are out there now, which do you think are really good?

N-COUNT

15. release
If a film or video is on release or on general release , it is available for people to see in public cinemas or for people to buy.

- The video has sold three million copies in its first three weeks on release.

N-UNCOUNT: on N

release

verb

1.

set free

discharge

drop

extricate

free

liberate

loose

unbridle

undo

unfasten

2.

acquit

absolve

exonerate

let go

let off

3.

issue

circulate

distribute

launch

make known

make public

publish

put out

noun

4.

liberation

deliverance

discharge

emancipation

freedom

liberty

5.

acquittal

absolution

exemption

exoneration

6.

issue

proclamation

publication

relegate

[D.J.:ˈreliɡeit]

[K.K.:ˈrɛlɪˌɡet]

vt.

使降级, 使降职

relegation

[ˌreliˈɡeiʃən]

n.

驱逐

relegate **

1. relegate relegates relegating relegated
If you relegate someone or something to a less important position, you give them this position.

- Might it not be better to relegate the King to a purely ceremonial function?.

- Other newspapers relegated the item to the middle pages.

VB

2. relegate relegates relegating relegated
If a team that competes in a league is relegated , it has to compete in a lower division in the next competition, because it was one of the least successful teams in the higher division. (BRIT)

- If Leigh lose, they'll be relegated.

- ...a team about to be relegated to the second division.

VB: usu passive
= demote ≠ promote

3. relegation

- Relegation to the Third Division would prove catastrophic.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ promotion

relegate

verb

demote

downgrade

relent

[D.J.:rɪˈlent]

[K.K.:rɪˈlɛnt]

vi.

怜悯;变温和;变宽厚

relent *

1. relent relents relenting relented
If you relent , you allow someone to do something that you had previously refused to allow them to do.

- Finally his mother relented and gave permission for her youngest son to marry.

VB

2. relent relents relenting relented
If bad weather relents , it improves.

- If the weather relents, the game will be finished today.

VB

relent

verb

be merciful

capitulate

change one's mind

come round

have pity

show mercy

soften

yield

relentless

[D.J.:riˈlentlis]

[K.K.:rɪˈlɛntlɪs]

adj.

残酷的, 不留情的, 无怜悯心的

relentlessly

[D.J.:rɪˈlentlɪslɪ]

[K.K.:rɪˈl ɛntlɪslɪ]

adv.

无情地;残酷地

不懈地;不屈不挠地；持续不断地

relentless **

1. relentless
Something bad that is relentless never stops or never becomes less intense.

- The pressure now was relentless.

ADJ-GRADED
= remorseless

2. relentlessly

- The sun is beating down relentlessly.

ADV-GRADED

3. relentless
Someone who is relentless is determined to do something and refuses to give up, even if what they are doing is unpleasant or cruel.

- Relentless in his pursuit of quality, his technical ability was remarkable.

- He was the most relentless enemy I have ever known.

ADJ-GRADED

4. relentlessly

- She always questioned me relentlessly.

ADV-GRADED

relentless

adjective

1.

unremitting

incessant

nonstop

persistent

unrelenting

unrelieved

2.

merciless

cruel

fierce

implacable

pitiless

remorseless

ruthless

unrelenting

relevance

[D.J.:ˈreləvəns]

[K.K.:ˈrɛləvəns]

n.

关联；切题

relevance *

relevance
Something's relevance to a situation or person is its importance or significance in that situation or to that person.

- Politicians' private lives have no relevance to their public roles.

- There are additional publications of special relevance to new graduates.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, oft N to n

relevant

[D.J.:ˈreləvənt]

[K.K.:ˈrɛləvənt]

adj.

有关的, 切题的

relevant **

1. relevant
Something that is relevant to a situation or person is important or significant in that situation or to that person.

- Is socialism still relevant to people's lives?.

- We have passed all relevant information on to the police.

ADJ-GRADED
= pertinent ≠ irrelevant

2. relevant
The relevant thing of a particular kind is the one that is appropriate.

- Make sure you enclose all the relevant certificates.

ADJ: the ADJ n

relevant

adjective

significant

apposite

appropriate

apt

fitting

germane

pertinent

related

to the point

reliability

[D.J.:rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪlətɪ]

[K.K.:rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪlətɪ]

n.

可靠，可信赖

reliable

[D.J.:riˈlaiəbl]

[K.K.:rɪˈlaɪəbəl]

adj.

可靠的, 可信赖的

reliably

[D.J.:rɪˈlaɪəblɪ]

[K.K.:rɪˈlaɪəblɪ]

adv.

可靠地;确实地

reliable ***

1. reliable
People or things that are reliable can be trusted to work well or to behave in the way that you want them to.

- She was efficient and reliable.

- Japanese cars are so reliable.

ADJ-GRADED
= dependable

2. reliably

- It's been working reliably for years.

ADV-GRADED

3. reliability

- He's not at all worried about his car's reliability.

N-UNCOUNT

4. reliable
Information that is reliable or that is from a reliable source is very likely to be correct.

- There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.

- It's very difficult to give a reliable estimate.

- We have reliable sources.

ADJ-GRADED

5. reliably

- Sonia, we are reliably informed, loves her family very much.

ADV-GRADED

6. reliability

- Both questioned the reliability of recent opinion polls.

N-UNCOUNT

reliable

adjective

dependable

faithful

safe

sound

staunch

sure

true

trustworthy

reliance

[D.J.:riˈlaiəns]

[K.K.:rɪˈlaɪəns]

n.

依靠, 依赖

reliance *

reliance
A person's or thing's reliance on something is the fact that they need it and often cannot live or work without it.

- ...the country's increasing reliance on foreign aid.

N-UNCOUNT: usu poss N on/upon n
= dependence

reliance

noun

trust

belief

confidence

dependence

faith

reliant

[D.J.:rɪˈlaɪənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈlaɪənt]

adj.

依赖的;依靠的

reliant *

reliant
A person or thing that is reliant on something needs it and often cannot live or work without it.

- These people are not wholly reliant on Western charity.

- Lithuania is heavily reliant on Moscow for almost all its oil.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ on/upon n
= dependent

See also self-reliant .

relic

[D.J.:ˈrelik]

[K.K.:ˈrɛlɪk]

n.

遗物, 遗迹, 遗产

遗体, 尸骸

relics

崩溃

relic *

1. relic relics
If you refer to something or someone as a relic of an earlier period, you mean that they belonged to that period but have survived into the present.

- The tower is a relic of grim days when big houses had to be fortified against invaders.

- Germany's asylum law is a relic of an era in European history which has passed.

- He found himself thinking of the man as a relic from the past.

N-COUNT: usu N of/from n

2. relic relics
A relic is something which was made or used a long time ago and which is kept for its historical significance.

- ...a museum of war relics.

- ...ancient Egyptian relics.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. relic relics
A relic is the body of a saint or something else associated with a saint, which some people regard as holy.
N-COUNT

relic

noun

remnant

fragment

keepsake

memento

souvenir

trace

vestige

relief

[D.J.:riˈli:f]

[K.K.:rɪˈlif]

n.

(痛苦等)缓解, 减轻, 解除

轻松, 宽慰

换班[接替]人, 加班[增开]的公共汽车、火车等

relief ****

1. relief
If you feel a sense of relief , you feel happy because something unpleasant has not happened or is no longer happening.

- I breathed a sigh of relief.

- The news will come as a great relief to the French authorities.

- To his relief a loud knock on the door spared him from giving an explanation.

- It's a relief to get out of the office once in a while.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

2. relief
If something provides relief from pain or distress, it stops the pain or distress.

- This brought considerable relief from the pain.

- ...a self-help programme which can give lasting relief from the torment of hay fever.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N from n
= respite

3. relief
Relief is money, food, or clothing that is provided for people who are very poor, or who have been affected by war or a natural disaster.

- Relief agencies are stepping up efforts to provide food, shelter and agricultural equipment.

- ...famine relief.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n, n N

4. relief reliefs
A relief worker is someone who does your work when you go home, or who is employed to do it instead of you when you are sick.

- No relief drivers were available.

N-COUNT: usu N n

5. relief reliefs
A relief is a sculpture that is carved out of a flat vertical surface. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

relief

noun

1.

ease

comfort

cure

deliverance

mitigation

release

remedy

solace

2.

rest

break

breather informal

relaxation

respite

3.

aid

assistance

help

succour

support

relieve

[D.J.:riˈli:v]

[K.K.:rɪˈliv]

vt.

缓解, 消除, 减少

换班, 换岗

relieved

[D.J.:rɪˈli:vd]

adj.

宽慰的,减轻的,解除的

relieving

[riˈli:viŋ]

adj.

救助的,救援的

relieve **

1. relieve relieves relieving relieved
If something relieves an unpleasant feeling or situation, it makes it less unpleasant or causes it to disappear completely.

- Drugs can relieve much of the pain.

- This should save her from boredom and will also relieve the pressure on you to keep her entertained.

VB

2. relieve relieves relieving relieved
If someone or something relieves you of an unpleasant feeling or difficult task, they take it from you.

- A part-time bookkeeper will relieve you of the burden of chasing unpaid invoices and paying bills.

VB

3. relieve relieves relieving relieved
If someone relieves you of something, they take it away from you. (FORMAL)

- A porter relieved her of the three large cases.

VB

4. relieve relieves relieving relieved
If you relieve someone, you take their place and continue to do the job or duty that they have been doing.

- At seven o'clock the night nurse came in to relieve her.

VB

5. relieve relieves relieving relieved
If someone is relieved of their duties or is relieved of their post, they are told that they are no longer required to continue in their job. (FORMAL)

- The officer involved was relieved of his duties because he had violated strict guidelines.

- The party leader has been relieved of his post.

VB: usu passive

6. relieve relieves relieving relieved
If an army relieves a town or another place which has been surrounded by enemy forces, it frees it.

- The offensive began several days ago as an attempt to relieve the town.

VB

7. relieve relieves relieving relieved
If people or animals relieve themselves, they urinate or defecate. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- It is not difficult to train your dog to relieve itself on command.

VB

relieved **

relieved
If you are relieved , you feel happy because something unpleasant has not happened or is no longer happening.

- We are all relieved to be back home.

- I am very relieved that it is over.

- He was relieved at the result.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to-inf/that

relieve

verb

1.

ease

alleviate

assuage

calm

comfort

console

cure

mitigate

relax

soften

soothe

2.

help

aid

assist

succour

support

sustain

religion

[D.J.:riˈlidʒən]

[K.K.:rɪˈlɪdʒən]

n.

宗教, 宗教信仰

支配自己生活的大事

religion ***

1. religion
Religion is belief in a god or gods and the activities that are connected with this belief, such as praying or worshipping in a building such as a church or temple.

- ...his understanding of Indian philosophy and religion...

- Do avoid potentially contentious subjects such as religion, sex or politics.

N-UNCOUNT

2. religion religions
A religion is a particular system of belief in a god or gods and the activities that are connected with this system.

- ...the Christian religion.

N-COUNT

3. religion
If you say that someone has got religion , you are referring in a mocking way to the fact that they have suddenly decided to follow a particular religion. (INFORMAL)

- This guy got religion about a year back.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

religiosity

[D.J.:riˌlidʒiˈɔsiti]

[K.K.:rɪˌlɪdʒiˈɑsɪti]

n.

笃信宗教,虔诚

religiosity

religiosity
If you refer to a person's religiosity , you are referring to the fact that they are religious in a way which seems exaggerated and insincere. (FORMAL)

- ...their skin-deep religiosity which denounced only the most open scandal.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

religious

[D.J.:riˈlidʒəs]

[K.K.:rɪˈlɪdʒəs]

adj.

宗教的

笃信宗教的, 虔诚的

谨慎的, 认真的

religiously

[D.J.:rɪˈlɪd ʒəslɪ]

[K.K.:rɪˈlɪd ʒəslɪ]

adv.

笃信地;虔诚地

religious ****

1. religious
You use religious to describe things that are connected with religion or with one particular religion.

- Religious groups are now able to meet quite openly.

- ...different religious beliefs.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. religiously

- India has always been one of the most religiously diverse countries.

ADV: usu ADV adj/adv, ADV -ed

3. religious
Someone who is religious has a strong belief in a god or gods.

- They are both very religious and felt it was a gift from God.

ADJ-GRADED

religiously

religiously
If you do something religiously , you do it very regularly because you feel you have to.

- She didn't stick religiously to the program.

- Do these exercises religiously every day.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

religious

adjective

1.

devout

devotional

faithful

godly

holy

pious

sacred

spiritual

2.

conscientious

faithful

meticulous

punctilious

rigid

scrupulous

relinquish

[D.J.:rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ]

[K.K.:rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ]

vt.

交出, 让给

放弃

relinquish *

relinquish relinquishes relinquishing relinquished
If you relinquish something such as power or control, you give it up. (FORMAL)

- He does not intend to relinquish power.

VB
= give up

relinquish

verb

give up

abandon

abdicate

cede

drop

forsake

leave

let go

renounce

surrender

reliquary

[D.J.:ˈrelikwəri]

[K.K.:ˈrɛlɪˌkwɛri]

n.

圣骨匣,遗骨匣,圣物箱,遗物箱

reliquary

reliquary reliquaries
A reliquary is a container where religious objects connected with a saint are kept.
N-COUNT

relish

[D.J.:ˈreliʃ]

[K.K.:ˈrɛlɪʃ]

n.

滋味, 美味; 乐趣

(大量的)享受; 快乐

调味酱汁, 泡菜酱

vt.

欣赏, 享受, 爱好

relish **

1. relish relishes relishing relished
If you relish something, you get a lot of enjoyment from it.

- I relish the challenge of doing jobs that others turn down.

- He ate quietly, relishing his meal.

VB
= enjoy

2. relish
Also a noun.

- The three men ate with relish.

N-UNCOUNT

3. relish relishes relishing relished
If you relish the idea, thought, or prospect of something, you are looking forward to it very much.

- Jacqueline is not relishing the prospect of another spell in prison.

- He relished the idea of getting some cash.

VB
= look forward to

4. relish relishes
Relish is a sauce or pickle that you eat with other food in order to give the other food more flavour.
N-MASS

relish

verb

1.

enjoy

delight in

fancy

like

revel in

savour

noun

2.

enjoyment

fancy

fondness

gusto

liking

love

partiality

penchant

predilection

taste

3.

condiment

sauce

seasoning

4.

flavour

piquancy

smack

spice

tang

taste

trace

relive

[D.J.:ri:ˈlɪv]

[K.K.:riˈlɪv]

vt.

(在想像中)重新过…的生活,再经历

relive *

relive relives reliving relived
If you relive something that has happened to you in the past, you remember it and imagine that you are experiencing it again.

- There is no point in reliving the past.

- Last night he relived his terrifying ordeal.

VB

reload

[D.J.:ri:ˈləʊd]

[K.K.:riˈlod]

vt.

再装；重新装

reloading

重复荷载

reload

reload reloads reloading reloaded
If someone reloads a gun, they load it again by putting in more bullets or explosive. If you reload a container, you fill it again.

- She reloaded the gun as quickly as she could.

- He reloaded and nodded to the gamekeeper.

VB

relocate

[D.J.:ri:ˈləʊkeɪt]

[K.K.:riˈloket]

vt. & vi.

迁移

relocation

n.

迁移

relocation

[ˈri:ləuˈkeiʃən]

n.

再布置,变换布置

relocate *

1. relocate relocates relocating relocated
If people or businesses relocate or if someone relocates them, they move to a different place.

- If the company was to relocate, most employees would move.

- Ray Bonner first relocated to Africa several years ago.

- There will be the problem of where to relocate the returning troops.

- Its headquarters will soon be relocated from Westminster to the Greenwich site.

V-ERG

2. relocation relocations

- The company says the cost of relocation will be negligible.

- ...the forcible relocation of large numbers of civilians from urban to rural areas.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

reluctance

[D.J.:rɪˈlʌktəns]

[K.K.:rɪˈlʌktəns]

n.

不愿意；勉强

reluctant

[D.J.:riˈlʌktənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈlʌktənt]

adj.

不情愿的, 勉强的

reluctantly

[D.J.:rɪˈl ʌktəntlɪ]

[K.K.:rɪˈl ʌktəntlɪ]

adv.

不情愿地;勉强地

reluctant ***

1. reluctant
If you are reluctant to do something, you are unwilling to do it and hesitate before doing it, or do it slowly and without enthusiasm.

- Mr Spero was reluctant to ask for help.

- The police are very reluctant to get involved in this sort of thing.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ to-inf
≠ eager keen willing

2. reluctantly

- We have reluctantly agreed to let him go.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. reluctance

- Ministers have shown extreme reluctance to explain their position to the media.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to-inf

reluctance

noun

unwillingness

aversion

disinclination

dislike

distaste

loathing

repugnance

reluctant

adjective

unwilling

disinclined

hesitant

loath

unenthusiastic

rely

[D.J.:riˈlai]

[K.K.:rɪˈlaɪ]

vi.

信任; 信赖; 依赖, 依靠

rely ***

1. rely relies relying relied
If you rely on someone or something, you need them and depend on them in order to live or work properly.

- They relied heavily on the advice of their professional advisers.

- The Association relies on member subscriptions for most of its income.

VB

2. rely relies relying relied
If you can rely on someone to work well or to behave as you want them to, you can trust them to do this.

- I know I can rely on you to sort it out.

- The Red Cross are relying on us.

VB

rely

verb

depend

bank

bet

count

trust

REM

[D.J.:rem]

[K.K.:rɛm]

n.

DOS命令：指定由DOS忽略的命令行

REM

REM
REM sleep is a period of sleep that is very deep, during which your eyes and muscles make many small movements. It is the period during which most of your dreams occur. REM is an abbreviation for `rapid eye movement'.
ADJ: ADJ n

remain

[D.J.:riˈmein]

[K.K.:rɪˈmen]

n.

剩余物; 残余

残骸; 遗体

遗迹, 遗址, 废墟

vi.

留下, 逗留

剩下, 余留

留待

vi. & link v.

仍然是, 依旧是

remaining

[D.J.:rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ]

[K.K.: rɪˈmenɪŋ]

adj.

剩余的,剩下的

remains

[D.J.:riˈmeins]

[K.K.:rɪˈmenz]

n.

残余,遗迹,遗体

remain *****

1. remain remains remaining remained
If someone or something remains in a particular state or condition, they stay in that state or condition and do not change.

- The three men remained silent.

- The situation remains tense.

- The government remained in control.

- He remained a formidable opponent.

- It remains possible that bad weather could tear more holes in the tanker's hull.

V-LINK

2. remain remains remaining remained
If you remain in a place, you stay there and do not move away.

- Souness will have to remain in hospital for at least 10 days.

- From time to time, James remained at home with his family.

VB
≠ leave

3. remain remains remaining remained
You can say that something remains when it still exists.

- Many of the differences in everyday life remain.

- The wider problem remains.

- There remains deep mistrust of his government.

VB

4. remain remains remaining remained
If something remains to be done, it has not yet been done and still needs to be done.

- Major questions remain to be answered about his work.

- Huge amounts of weapons remain to be collected.

V-LINK

5. remain remains
The remains of something are the parts of it that are left after most of it has been taken away or destroyed.

- They were tidying up the remains of their picnic.

- ...the charred remains of a tank.

- ...the remains of an ancient mosque.

N-PLURAL: usu the N of n

6. remain remains
The remains of a person or animal are the parts of their body that are left after they have died, sometimes after they have been dead for a long time.

- The unrecognizable remains of a man had been found.

- More human remains have been unearthed in the north of the country.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp

7. remain remains
Historical remains are things that have been found from an earlier period of history, usually buried in the ground, for example parts of buildings and pieces of pottery.

- There are Roman remains all around us.

N-PLURAL: usu supp N

8. remain remains remaining remained
You can use remain in expressions such as the fact remains that or the question remains whether to introduce and emphasize something that you want to talk about.

- The fact remains that inflation is unacceptably high.

- The question remains whether he was fully aware of the claims.

V-LINK

9. remain
If you say that it remains to be seen whether something will happen, you mean that nobody knows whether it will happen.

- It remains to be seen whether her parliamentary colleagues will agree.

PHR: usu it PHR whether vagueness

remaining ***

remaining
The remaining things or people out of a group are the things or people that still exist, are still present, or have not yet been dealt with.

- The three parties will meet next month to work out remaining differences.

- The United States has withdrawn the remaining staff from its embassy.

- Stir in the remaining ingredients.

ADJ: ADJ n

remain

verb

1.

continue

abide

dwell

endure

go on

last

persist

stand

stay

survive

2.

stay behind

be left

delay

linger

wait

remaining

adjective

left-over

lingering

outstanding

persisting

surviving

unfinished

remains

plural noun

1.

remnants

debris

dregs

leavings

leftovers

relics

residue

rest

2.

body

cadaver

carcass

corpse

remainder

[D.J.:riˈmeində]

[K.K.:rɪˈmendɚ]

n.

剩余物; 残余部分

remainder **

1. remainder
The remainder of a group are the things or people that still remain after the other things or people have gone or have been dealt with.

- He gulped down the remainder of his coffee.

- I spent the remainder of the day feeling terrible.

QUANT: QUANT of def-n
= rest

2. remainder
Also a pronoun.

- Only 5.9 per cent of the area is now covered in trees. Most of the remainder is farmland.

- Of the 59 committee members, 40 were against legalisation, 13 were in favour and the remainder were undecided.

PRON

3. remainder
In arithmetic, the remainder is the amount that remains when one amount cannot be exactly divided by another. For example, if you divide 22 by 7, the answer is 3 and the remainder is 1.
N-SING: the N

4. remainder remainders remaindering remaindered
If a book is remaindered , it is sold at a reduced price because it has not been selling very well and will not be published again.

- It failed to sell and was soon remaindered.

VB: usu passive

5. remainder remainders
A remainder is a book that has been remaindered.
N-COUNT

remainder

noun

rest

balance

excess

leavings

remains

remnant

residue

surplus

remade

[D.J.:ri:ˈmeɪd]

[K.K.:riˈmed]

remake的过去式及过去分词

remake

[D.J.:ri:ˈmeɪk]

[K.K.:riˈmek]

n.

重制品,翻新品

vt.

重制,改造

remake *

1. remake remakes
A remake is a film that has the same story, and often the same title, as a film that was made earlier.

- ...a 1952 remake of the thirties musical `Roberta'.

N-COUNT

2. remake remakes remaking remade
If a film is remade , a new film is made that has the same story, and often the same title, as a film that was made earlier.

- `A Face In The Crowd' is tipped to be remade with Richard Gere.

VB: usu passive

3. remake remakes remaking remade
If you have something remade , you ask someone to make it again, especially in a way that is better than before.

- He had paid hundreds of pounds to have all the window frames in the room remade so that they would fit perfectly.

VB

remand

[D.J.:rɪˈmænd]

[K.K.:rɪˈmænd]

n.

遣回;送还

<律>还押;发回重审

vt.

遣回;送还

<律>将…还押候审;将…发回重审

remand *

1. remand remands remanding remanded
If a person who is accused of a crime is remanded in custody or on bail, they are told to return to the court at a later date, when their trial will take place.

- Carter was remanded in custody for seven days.

- Both were remanded on bail by Wrexham magistrates until March 24.

VB: usu passive

2. remand
Remand is used to refer to the process of remanding someone in custody or on bail, or to the period of time until their trial begins.

- The remand hearing is often over in three minutes.

- This will mean more remand prisoners being held in police cells.

- She has already served a year on remand.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, oft N n, on N

remand centre

remand centre remand centres
In Britain, a remand centre is an institution where people who are accused of a crime are sent until their trial begins or until a decision about their punishment has been made.
N-COUNT

remark

[D.J.:riˈmɑ:k]

[K.K.:rɪˈmɑrk]

n.

话语, 评论

注意; 看; 观察

vt. & vi.

谈论, 评论

vt.

注意到…

remarks

摘要栏;附记;备注

remark ***

1. remark remarks remarking remarked
If you remark that something is the case, you say that it is the case.

- I remarked that I would go shopping that afternoon.

- `Some people have more money than sense,' Winston had remarked.

- On several occasions she had remarked on the boy's improvement.

- Everyone has remarked on what a lovely lady she is.

VB

2. remark remarks
If you make a remark about something, you say something about it.

- She has made outspoken remarks about the legalisation of cannabis in Britain.

- Geoff Cooke's recent remark that no one is indispensable will certainly not have escaped him.

N-COUNT: with supp
= comment

remark

verb

1.

comment

declare

mention

observe

pass comment

reflect

say

state

2.

notice

espy

make out

mark

note

observe

perceive

see

noun

3.

comment

observation

reflection

statement

utterance

remarkable

[D.J.:riˈmɑ:kəbl]

[K.K.:rɪˈmɑrkəbəl]

adj.

异常的; 引人注目的; 不寻常的

remarkably

[D.J.:rɪˈm ɑ:kəblɪ]

[K.K.:rɪˈm ɑrkəblɪ]

adv.

引人注目地;明显地;非常地

remarkable ***

1. remarkable
Someone or something that is remarkable is unusual or special in a way that makes people notice them and be surprised or impressed.

- He was a remarkable man.

- It was a remarkable achievement.

- It is quite remarkable that doctors have been so wrong about this.

ADJ-GRADED

2. remarkably

- The Scottish labour market has been remarkably successful in absorbing the increase in the number of graduates.

- Remarkably, the child recovered from a disease which had swept the world, killing and crippling millions.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/adv, also ADV with cl

remarkable

adjective

extraordinary

notable

outstanding

rare

singular

striking

surprising

uncommon

unusual

wonderful

remarriage

[D.J.:ri:ˈmærɪd ʒ]

[K.K.:riˈmærɪd ʒ]

n.

再婚

remarriage

remarriage remarriages
Remarriage is the act of remarrying.

- The question of divorce and remarriage in church remains highly contentious.

N-VAR

remarry

[D.J.:ˌri:ˈmærɪ]

vi.

再婚

vt.

与某人复婚

remarry *

remarry remarries remarrying remarried
If someone remarries , they marry again after they have obtained a divorce from their previous husband or wife, or after their previous husband or wife has died.

- Her mother had never remarried.

VB

remaster

[D.J.:ri:ˈmɑ:stə]

[K.K.:riˈmæstɚ]

vt.

(根据旧唱片或磁带的)重新灌录

remaster

remaster remasters remastering remastered
If a film or musical recording is remastered , a new recording is made of the old version, using modern technology to improve the quality.

- A special remastered version of Casablanca is being released on video.

VB

rematch

[D.J.:ˈri:ˈmætʃ]

[K.K.:riˈmætʃ, ˈriˌmætʃ]

v.

(运动竞赛、桥牌等的)重赛

rematch

1. rematch rematches
A rematch is a second game that is played between two people or teams, for example because their first match was a draw or because there was a dispute about some aspect of it. (mainly BRIT)

- Duff said he would be demanding a rematch.

N-COUNT

2. rematch rematches
A rematch is a second game or contest between two people or teams who have already faced each other. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use return match )

- Stanford will face UCLA in a rematch -- probably for the national crown.

- The debate this week was a rematch of last year's.

N-COUNT

remedial

[D.J.:rɪˈmi:di:əl]

[K.K.:rɪˈmidiəl]

adj.

补习的,补救的

remedial *

1. remedial
Remedial education is intended to improve a person's ability to read, write, or do mathematics, especially when they find these things difficult.

- ...children who required special remedial education...

- His remedial teacher sees signs of progress in his reading and writing.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. remedial
Remedial activities are intended to improve a person's health when they are ill. (FORMAL)

- He is already walking normally and doing remedial exercises.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. remedial
Remedial action is intended to correct something that has been done wrong or that has not been successful. (FORMAL)

- Some authorities are now having to take remedial action.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

remedies

救济方法

remedy

[D.J.:ˈremidi]

[K.K.:ˈrɛmɪdi]

n.

药品, 治疗法

补救办法, 纠正办法

remedy **

1. remedy remedies
A remedy is a successful way of dealing with a problem.

- The remedy lies in the hands of the government.

- ...a remedy for economic ills.

N-COUNT

2. remedy remedies
A remedy is something that is intended to cure you when you are ill or in pain.

- There are many different kinds of natural remedies to help overcome winter infections.

N-COUNT

3. remedy remedies remedying remedied
If you remedy something that is wrong or harmful, you correct it or improve it.

- A great deal has been done internally to remedy the situation.

VB

remedy

noun

1.

cure

medicine

nostrum

treatment

verb

2.

put right

correct

fix

rectify

set to rights

remember

[D.J.:riˈmembə]

[K.K.:rɪˈmɛmbɚ]

vt. & vi.

记得; 牢记

vt.

送钱[礼物]给…

remembering

存储

remember *****

1. remember remembers remembering remembered
If you remember people or events from the past, you still have an idea of them in your mind and you are able to think about them.

- You wouldn't remember me. I was in another group.

- I certainly don't remember talking to you at all.

- I remember her being a dominant figure.

- I remembered that we had drunk the last of the coffee the week before.

- I can remember where and when I bought each one.

- I used to do that when you were a little girl, remember?

VB

2. remember remembers remembering remembered
If you remember that something is the case, you become aware of it again after a time when you did not think about it.

- She remembered that she was going to the social club that evening.

- Then I remembered the cheque, which cheered me up.

VB

3. remember remembers remembering remembered
If you cannot remember something, you are not able to bring it back into your mind when you make an effort to do so.

- If you can't remember your number, write it in code in a diary.

- I couldn't remember ever having felt so safe and secure.

- I don't remember you asking me about that.

- I can't remember what I said.

- Don't tell me you can't remember.

VB: usu with brd-neg

4. remember remembers remembering remembered
If you remember to do something, you do it when you intend to.

- I did remember to take the present.

- Please remember to enclose a stamped addressed envelope when writing.

VB
≠ forget

5. remember remembers remembering remembered
You tell someone to remember that something is the case when you want to emphasize its importance. It may be something that they already know about or a new piece of information.

- It is important to remember that each person reacts differently.

- It is worth remembering that children tend to copy their parents in this respect.

- It should be remembered that this loss of control can never be regained.

VB emphasis

6. remember remembers remembering remembered
If you say that someone will be remembered for something that they have done, you mean that people will think of this whenever they think about the person.

- At his grammar school he is remembered for being bad at games.

- He will always be remembered as one of the great Chancellors of the Exchequer.

VB: usu passive

7. remember remembers remembered
If you ask someone to remember you to a person who you have not seen for a long time, you are asking them to pass your greetings on to that person.

- `Remember me to Lyle, won't you?' I said.

- She asked to be remembered to you.

VB: no cont, usu imper

8. remember remembers remembering remembered
If you make a celebration an occasion to remember , you make it very enjoyable for all the people involved.

- We'll give everyone a night to remember.

- I'll make it a birthday to remember.

VB: only to-inf

remember

verb

1.

recall

call to mind

commemorate

look back (on)

recollect

reminisce

think back

2.

bear in mind

keep in mind

remembrance

[D.J.:rɪˈmembrəns]

[K.K.:rɪˈmɛmbrəns]

n.

纪念；纪念品

记忆, 回忆, 纪念

remembrance *

1. remembrance
If you do something in remembrance of a dead person, you do it as a way of showing that you want to remember them and that you respect them. (FORMAL)

- They wore black in remembrance of those who had died.

N-UNCOUNT

2. remembrance remembrances
A remembrance is a memory that you have of someone or something. (FORMAL)

- He had clung to the remembrance of things past.

- ...happier remembrances of family holidays.

N-VAR

remembrance

noun

1.

memory

recall

recollection

reminiscence

thought

2.

souvenir

commemoration

keepsake

memento

memorial

monument

reminder

token

Remembrance Day

Remembrance Day
In Britain, Remembrance Day or Remembrance Sunday is the Sunday nearest to the 11th of November, when people honour the memory of those who died in the two world wars.

- During their stay, they will attend a Remembrance Day service at a cemetery for British prisoners of war.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

remind

[D.J.:riˈmaind]

[K.K.:rɪˈmaɪnd]

vt.

使想起

remind ***

1. remind reminds reminding reminded
If someone reminds you of a fact or event that you already know about, they say something which makes you think about it.

- So she simply welcomed him and reminded him of the last time they had met.

- I had to remind myself that being confident is not the same as being perfect!

VB

2. remind reminds reminding reminded
You use remind in expressions such as Let me remind you that and May I remind you that to introduce a piece of information that you want to emphasize. It may be something that the hearer already knows about or a new piece of information. Sometimes these expressions can sound unfriendly. (SPOKEN)

- `Let me remind you,' said Marianne, `that Manchester is also my home town.'.

- May I remind you that the care of your health is a religious duty.

- Need I remind you who the enemy is?

VB emphasis

3. remind reminds reminding reminded
If someone reminds you to do a particular thing, they say something which makes you remember to do it.

- Can you remind me to buy a bottle of Martini?.

- The note was to remind him about something he had to explain to one of his students.

VB

4. remind reminds reminding reminded
If you say that someone or something reminds you of another person or thing, you mean that they are similar to the other person or thing and that they make you think about them.

- She reminds me of the wife of the pilot who used to work for you.

- This reminds me of Christmas parties.

VB

remind

verb

call to mind

jog one's memory

make (someone) remember

prompt

reminder

[D.J.:rɪˈmaɪndə]

n.

令人回忆起…的东西, 提醒…的东西

reminder **

1. reminder reminders
Something that serves as a reminder of another thing makes you think about the other thing. (WRITTEN)

- The British are about to be given a sharp reminder of what fighting abroad really means.

- Violence has broken out in the capital, a stark reminder that the religious tensions are refusing to go away.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n/wh, N that

2. reminder reminders
A reminder is a letter or note that is sent to tell you that you have not done something such as pay a bill or return library books. (mainly BRIT)

- ...the final reminder for the gas bill.

N-COUNT

reminisce

[D.J.:ˌreməˈnɪs]

[K.K.:ˌrɛməˈnɪs]

vi. & vt.

追忆;回想

reminisce *

reminisce reminisces reminiscing reminisced
If you reminisce about something from your past, you write or talk about it, often with pleasure. (FORMAL)

- Ray and I ate our meal and reminisced about the trip.

- I don't like reminiscing because it makes me feel old.

VB

reminisce

verb

recall

hark back

look back

recollect

remember

think back

reminiscence

[D.J.:ˌreməˈnɪsəns]

[K.K.:ˌrɛməˈnɪsəns]

n.

旧事, 回忆

reminiscence *

reminiscence reminiscences
Someone's reminiscences are things that they remember from the past, and which they talk or write about. Reminiscence is the process of remembering these things and talking or writing about them. (FORMAL)

- Here I am boring you with my reminiscences.

- ...reminiscences of her Jewish childhood...

- A faint smile of reminiscence appeared on her face..

N-VAR: oft poss N, N of n
= memory

reminiscence

noun

recollection

anecdote

memoir

memory

recall

remembrance

reminiscent

[D.J.:ˌremiˈnisnt]

[K.K.:ˌrɛməˈnɪsənt]

adj.

提醒的, 暗示的; 像…的; 使人想起…的

reminiscently

adv.

回忆地,怀旧地

reminiscent **

1. reminiscent
If you say that one thing is reminiscent of another, you mean that it reminds you of it. (FORMAL)

- The decor was reminiscent of a municipal arts-and-leisure centre.

- She bowed her head in a gesture somehow reminiscent of royalty.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of n

2. reminiscent
A reminiscent look or smile is a look or smile which shows that you are remembering something from the past, usually with pleasure. (FORMAL)

- A slow, reminiscent smile spread over her face.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. reminiscently

- Both of them smiled at the picture reminiscently.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

reminiscent

adjective

suggestive

evocative

similar

remiss

[D.J.:rɪˈmɪs]

[K.K.:rɪˈmɪs]

adj.

玩忽职守的;马虎

remissly

adv.

玩忽职守地

remissness

n.

玩忽职守,马虎

remissly

adv.

怠慢地,不小心地

remissness

n.

怠慢,不小心

remiss

remiss
If someone is remiss , they are careless about doing things which ought to be done. (FORMAL)

- I would be remiss if I did not do something about it.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ in n/-ing
= negligent

remiss

adjective

careless

forgetful

heedless

lax

neglectful

negligent

thoughtless

remission

[D.J.:rɪˈmɪʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈmɪʃən]

n.

缓和, 减轻

remission *

1. remission remissions
If someone who has had a serious disease such as cancer is in remission or if the disease is in remission , the disease has been controlled so that they are not as ill as they were.

- Brain scans have confirmed that the disease is in remission.

- After six years of remission, cancer reappeared.

N-VAR

2. remission
If someone in prison gets remission , their prison sentence is reduced, usually because they have behaved well. (BRIT)

- With remission for good behaviour, she could be freed in a year.

N-UNCOUNT

remission

noun

1.

pardon

absolution

amnesty

discharge

exemption

release

reprieve

2.

lessening

abatement

alleviation

ebb

lull

relaxation

respite

remit

[D.J.:rɪˈmɪt]

[K.K.:rɪˈmɪt]

vt.

免除(债务);宽恕

使某事缓和

vt. & vi.

寄回, 传送

remit *

1. remit remits
Someone's remit is the area of activity which they are expected to deal with, or which they have authority to deal with. (BRIT)

- That issue is not within the remit of the working group.

- The centre has a remit to advise Asian businesses and entrepreneurs.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft poss N, N of n
= brief

2. remit remits remitting remitted
If you remit money to someone, you send it to them. (FORMAL)

- Many immigrants regularly remit money to their families.

VB
= send

3. remit remits remitting remitted
In an appeal court, if a case is remitted to the court where it was originally dealt with, it is sent back to be dealt with there. (LEGAL)

- The matter was remitted to the justices for a rehearing.

VB: usu passive

remit

verb

1.

send

dispatch

forward

mail

post

transmit

2.

cancel

halt

repeal

rescind

stop

3.

postpone

defer

delay

put off

shelve

suspend

noun

4.

instructions

brief

guidelines

orders

remittance

[D.J.:rɪˈmɪtns]

[K.K.:rɪˈmɪtn..s]

n.

汇寄

汇款;汇款额

remittance *

remittance remittances
A remittance is a sum of money that you send to someone. (FORMAL)

- Please enclose your remittance, making cheques payable to Thames Valley Technology.

N-VAR
= payment

remittance

noun

payment

allowance

fee

remix

[D.J.:ˈri:ˈmiks]

[K.K.:riˈmɪks]

vt.

使再混合,再搅拌

remixing

重拌和;再混合;复拌

remix *

1. remix remixes
A remix is a new version of a piece of music which has been created by putting together the individual instrumental and vocal parts in a different way.

- Their new album features remixes of some of their previous hits.

N-COUNT

2. remix remixes remixing remixed
To remix a piece of music means to make a new version of it by putting together the individual instrumental and vocal parts in a different way.

- The band are remixing some tracks.

- Both tracks are remixed versions of tracks from her forthcoming album.

VB

remnant

[D.J.:ˈremnənt]

[K.K.:ˈrɛmnənt]

n.

剩余部分, 残余

零料, 零头布

remnant *

1. remnant remnants
The remnants of something are small parts of it that are left over when the main part has disappeared or been destroyed.

- After twenty-four hours of fighting, the remnants of the force were fleeing.

- Beneath the present church were remnants of Roman flooring.

- Obedience by women towards men is a remnant of religious teaching.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

2. remnant remnants
A remnant is a small piece of cloth that is left over when most of the cloth has been sold. Shops usually sell remnants cheaply.
N-COUNT

remnant

noun

remainder

end

fragment

leftovers

remains

residue

rest

trace

vestige

remodel

[D.J.:ri:ˈmɔdl]

[K.K.:riˈmɑdl..]

vt.

改变…的结构〔形状〕

remodel

1. remodel remodels remodelling remodelled
To remodel something such as a building or a room means to give it a different form or shape.

- Workmen were hired to remodel and enlarge the farm buildings.

- The house was remodelled by its present owner.

VB (AM) remodeling , remodeled

2. remodelling

- ...the remodelling of Barcelona's airport.

N-UNCOUNT

remonstrate

[D.J.:rɪˈmɔnˌstreɪt]

[K.K.:rɪˈmɑnˌstret]

vi.

抗议

vt.

告诫

remonstration

n.

remonstration

n.

抗议,规劝

remonstrate

1. remonstrate remonstrates remonstrating remonstrated
If you remonstrate with someone, you protest to them about something you do not approve of or agree with, and you try to get it changed or stopped. (FORMAL)

- He remonstrated with the referee.

- I jumped in the car and went to remonstrate.

VB

2. remonstration remonstrations

- There had been remonstrations from the Town Clerk.

N-VAR

remonstrate

verb

argue

dispute

dissent

object

protest

take issue

remorse

[D.J.:riˈmɔ:s]

[K.K.:rɪˈmɔrs]

n.

懊悔, 悔恨, 自责

remorse *

remorse
Remorse is a strong feeling of sadness and regret about something wrong that you have done.

- He was full of remorse and asked Beatrice what he could do to make amends.

- He has shown no remorse for his actions.

N-UNCOUNT
= regret

remorse

noun

regret

anguish

compunction

contrition

grief

guilt

penitence

repentance

shame

sorrow

remorseful

[D.J.:rɪˈmɔ:sfəl]

[K.K.:rɪˈmɔrsfəl]

adj.

懊悔的;悔恨的

remorsefully

adv.

remorsefully

adv.

极为懊悔地

remorseful

1. remorseful
If you are remorseful , you feel very guilty and sorry about something wrong that you have done.

- He was genuinely remorseful.

ADJ-GRADED

2. remorsefully

- `My poor wife!' he said, remorsefully.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

remorseful

adjective

regretful

apologetic

ashamed

conscience-stricken

contrite

guilty

penitent

repentant

sorry

remorseless

[D.J.:rɪˈmɔ:slɪs]

[K.K.:rɪˈmɔrslɪs]

adj.

<书>(尤指不愉快的情形)持续恶化的

残酷的;无情的;无同情心的

remorselessly

adv.

remorselessly

adv.

冷酷地,无悔意地

remorseless

1. remorseless
If you describe something, especially something unpleasant, as remorseless , you mean that it goes on for a long time and cannot be stopped.

- ...the remorseless pressure of recession and financial constraint.

- ...General Sherman's remorseless progress through Georgia.

ADJ-GRADED
= relentless

2. remorselessly

- There have been record bankruptcies and remorselessly rising unemployment.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. remorseless
Someone who is remorseless is prepared to be cruel to other people and feels no pity for them.

- ...the capacity for quick, remorseless violence.

- ...remorseless thieves.

ADJ-GRADED
= merciless

4. remorselessly

- They remorselessly beat up anyone they suspected of supporting the opposition.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

remorseless

adjective

1.

pitiless

callous

cruel

inhumane

merciless

ruthless

2.

relentless

inexorable

remote

[D.J.:riˈməut]

[K.K.:rɪˈmot]

adj.

(时间上)遥远的; (亲属关系上)远的

远离的, 遥远的; 偏僻的

冷淡的, 疏远的, 漠不关心的

微小的; 轻微的

remoteness

n.

远离,遥远

remote ***

1. remote remoter remotest
Remote areas are far away from cities and places where most people live, and are therefore difficult to get to.

- Landslides have cut off many villages in remote areas.

- ...a remote farm in the Yorkshire dales.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. remoteness

- ...the remoteness of the island.

N-UNCOUNT

3. remote remoter remotest
The remote past or remote future is a time that is many years distant from the present.

- Slabs of rock had slipped sideways in the remote past, and formed this hole.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= distant

4. remote remoter remotest
If something is remote from a particular subject or area of experience, it is not relevant to it because it is very different.

- This government depends on the wishes of a few who are remote from the people.

- Teenagers are forced to study subjects that seem remote from their daily lives.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ from n

5. remoteness

- ...the remoteness of the officers from their men.

N-UNCOUNT

6. remote remoter remotest
If you say that there is a remote possibility or chance that something will happen, you are emphasizing that there is only a very small chance that it will happen.

- I use a sunscreen whenever there is even a remote possibility that I will be in the sun.

- The chances of his surviving are pretty remote.

ADJ-GRADED emphasis

7. remote remoter remotest
If you describe someone as remote , you mean that they behave as if they do not want to be friendly or closely involved with other people.

- She looked so beautiful, and at the same time so remote.

ADJ-GRADED

8. remoteness

- His remoteness was resented.

N-UNCOUNT

remote

adjective

1.

distant

far

inaccessible

in the middle of nowhere

isolated

out-of-the-way

secluded

2.

aloof

abstracted

cold

detached

distant

reserved

standoffish

uncommunicative

withdrawn

3.

slight

doubtful

dubious

faint

outside

slender

slim

small

unlikely

remote control *

1. remote control
Remote control is a system of controlling a machine or a vehicle from a distance by using radio or electronic signals.

- The bomb was detonated by remote control.

N-UNCOUNT

2. remote control remote controls
The remote control for a television or video recorder is the device that you use to control the machine from a distance, by pressing the buttons on it.
N-COUNT

remote-controlled

remote-controlled
A remote-controlled machine or device is controlled from a distance by the use of radio or electronic signals.

- Three soldiers were killed by a remote-controlled bomb.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

remotely

[D.J.:rɪˈməʊtlɪ]

adv.

遥远地,偏僻地,冷淡地,极小地,极细微地

remotely *

1. remotely
You use remotely with a negative statement to emphasize the statement.

- We had never seen anything remotely like it before.

- Nobody was remotely interested.

- ...a reluctance to say or do anything that might remotely provoke or offend.

ADV: with brd-neg, usu ADV group, also ADV before v emphasis

2. remotely
If someone or something is remotely placed or situated, they are a long way from other people or places.

- ...the remotely situated, five bedroom house.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed

remote sensing

remote sensing
Remote sensing is the gathering of information about something by observing it from space or from the air.

- It can translate data from maps or remote sensing instruments into images.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

remould

[ˈri:ˈməuld]

v.

改造,改铸

remould

1. remould remoulds
A remould is an old tyre which has been given a new surface or tread and can be used again. (BRIT; in AM use retread )
N-COUNT The spelling remold is used in American English.
= retread

2. remould remoulds remoulding remoulded
To remould something such as an idea or an economy means to change it so that it has a new structure or is based on new principles.

- ...a new phase in the attempt to remould Labour's image.

VB The spelling remold is used in American English.

remount

[D.J.:ˈri:ˈmaunt]

[K.K.:riˈmaʊnt]

v.

再上,重登;重新安装

n.

替班马匹,新马

remount

remount remounts remounting remounted
When you remount a bicycle or horse, you get back on it after you have got off it or fallen off it.

- He was told to remount his horse and to accompany the officers back to Lexington.

- The pony scrabbled up and waited for the rider, who remounted and carried on.

VB

removable

[D.J.:riˈmu:vəbl]

[K.K.:rɪˈmuvəbəl]

adj.

抽取式的,可移动的

removable

removable
A removable part of something is a part that can easily be moved from its place or position.

- ...a cake tin with a removable base.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

removal

[D.J.:riˈmu:vəl]

[K.K.:rɪˈmuvəl]

n.

移走, 脱掉

removal **

1. removal
The removal of something is the act of removing it.

- What they expected to be the removal of a small lump turned out to be major surgery.

- Parliament had decided that his removal from power was illegal.

- ...popular methods of hair removal.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. removal removals
Removal is the process of transporting furniture or equipment from one building to another. (mainly BRIT; in AM use moving )

- Home removals are best done in cool weather.

- They were in the furniture removal business.

- ...a removal van.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N n

removal

noun

1.

taking away or off or out

dislodgment

ejection

elimination

eradication

extraction

uprooting

withdrawal

2.

dismissal

expulsion

3.

move

departure

flitting Scot. & Northern English dialect

relocation

transfer

removal man

removal man removal men
Removal men are men whose job is to move furniture or equipment from one building to another. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use movers )
N-COUNT

remove

[D.J.:riˈmu:v]

[K.K.:rɪˈmuv]

vt.

移走; 排除

开除

vi.

迁移; 移居

removed

[D.J.:riˈmu:vd]

[K.K.:rɪˈmuvd]

adj.

离开的,远离…的,与…无关的

removes

引语排版

removing

[riˈmu:viŋ]

n.

消除,排除,除去

remove ****

1. remove removes removing removed
If you remove something from a place, you take it away. (WRITTEN)

- As soon as the cake is done, remove it from the oven.

- At least three bullets were removed from his wounds.

- Often, the simplest answer is just to remove yourself from the situation.

- He went to the refrigerator and removed a bottle of wine.

VB

2. remove removes removing removed
If you remove clothing, you take it off. (WRITTEN)

- He removed his jacket.

VB

3. remove removes removing removed
If you remove a stain from something, you make the stain disappear by treating it with a chemical or by washing it.

- This treatment removes the most stubborn stains.

- Try using lemon juice to remove tobacco stains from your fingers.

VB

4. remove removes removing removed
If people remove someone from power or from something such as a committee, they stop them being in power or being a member of the committee.

- The student senate voted to remove Fuller from office.

- The president could only be removed from power once free elections were organised.

- All senior officers involved in the coup will have to be removed.

VB

5. remove removes removing removed
If you remove an obstacle, a restriction, or a problem, you get rid of it.

- The agreement removes the last serious obstacle to the signing of the arms treaty.

- Most of her fears had been removed.

VB

6. remove
If you do or experience something at one remove , you do not do it or experience it yourself, but someone else does it or experiences it instead of you. (mainly BRIT)

- She enjoyed his company and the excitement of feeling herself linked at one remove to London society.

- She can know the world only at several removes.

PHR: N inflects, usu PHR after v,

removed *

1. removed
If you say that an idea or situation is far removed from something, you mean that it is very different from it.

- He found it hard to concentrate on conversation so far removed from his present preoccupations.

- The country had witnessed scenes of tumult not far removed from civil war.

- His style could scarcely be further removed from that of his predecessor.

ADJ: v-link adv ADJ from n

2. removed
If someone is your cousin once removed , they are your cousin's child or your parent's cousin.
ADJ: n ADJ

remove

verb

1.

take away or off or out

abolish

delete

detach

displace

eject

eliminate

erase

excise

extract

get rid of

wipe from the face of the earth

withdraw

2.

dismiss

depose

dethrone

discharge

expel

oust

throw out

3.

move

depart

flit Scot. & Northern English dialect

relocate

remover

[riˈmu:və]

n.

搬运工,去除剂

remover

remover removers
Remover is a substance that you use for removing an unwanted stain, mark, or coating from a surface.

- We got some paint remover and scrubbed it off.

N-MASS: usu supp N

remunerate

[D.J.:rɪˈmju:nəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:rɪˈmjunəˌret]

vt.

酬劳

remuneration

n.

remunerative

adj.

remuneration

[D.J.:rɪˌmju:nəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˌmjunəˈreʃən]

n.

酬报,酬劳;偿还,赔偿

酬金;工资;赔偿金

remunerative

[D.J.:rɪˈmju:nərətɪv, -nəˌreɪtɪv]

[K.K.:rɪˈmjunərətɪv, -nəˌretɪv]

adj.

酬报的,报偿性的

付酬的;有利可图的

remunerate

remunerate remunerates remunerating remunerated
If you are remunerated for work that you do, you are paid for it. (FORMAL)

- You will be remunerated and so will your staff.

- ...an adequately remunerated job.

VB: usu passive
= pay

remunerate

verb

pay

compensate

recompense

reimburse

repay

requite

reward

remuneration

remuneration remunerations
Someone's remuneration is the amount of money that they are paid for the work that they do. (FORMAL)

- ...the continuing marked increase in the remuneration of the company's directors...

- $31,000 is a generous remuneration.

N-VAR

remuneration

noun

payment

earnings

fee

income

pay

return

reward

salary

stipend

wages

remunerative

remunerative
Remunerative work is work that you are paid for. (FORMAL)

- A doctor advised her to seek remunerative employment.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= paid

remunerative

adjective

profitable

economic

lucrative

moneymaking

paying

rewarding

worthwhile

renaissance

[D.J.:riˈneisns]

[K.K.:ˌrɛnɪˈsɑns, -ˈzɑns, ˈrɛnɪˌsɑns, -ˌzɑns, rɪˈnesəns]

n.

文艺复兴, 文艺复兴时期

renaissance **

1. renaissance
The Renaissance was the period in Europe, especially Italy, in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries, when there was a new interest in art, literature, science, and learning.

- ...the Renaissance masterpieces in London's galleries...

- Science took a new and different turn in the Renaissance.

N-PROPER: the N, oft N n

2. renaissance
If something experiences a renaissance , it becomes popular or successful again after a time when people were not interested in it.

- Popular art is experiencing a renaissance.

- They gathered to protest against the renaissance of the extreme right.

N-SING
= revival

renaissance renascence

noun

rebirth

reappearance

reawakening

renewal

restoration

resurgence

revival

Renaissance man

Renaissance man Renaissance men
If you describe a man as a Renaissance man , you mean that he has a wide range of abilities and interests, especially in the arts and sciences.
N-COUNT approval

renal

[D.J.:ˈri:nəl]

[K.K.:ˈrinəl]

adj.

肾脏的

renal

renal
Renal describes things that concern or are related to the kidneys. (MEDICAL)

- He collapsed from acute renal failure.

- Blood enters the kidneys via the renal artery.

ADJ: ADJ n

rename

[D.J.:ˌri:ˈneɪm]

vt.

给…重新取名,改名

rename *

rename renames renaming renamed
If you rename something, you change its name to a new name.

- The Prime Minister is being pressed to rename child benefit `child allowance'.

- The party leader said the street should be renamed Freedom Avenue.

- The former Communist party, now renamed Socialists, have won nearly half the vote.

VB

rend

[D.J.:rend]

[K.K.:rɛnd]

vt.

撕碎,扯破

(因愤怒、痛苦等而)揪扯(衣服或头发等)

分裂,割裂

夺去,抢走;摘下;扯下

(声音等)刺破,划破

vi.

撕开,裂开;分裂

rent

[D.J.:rent]

[K.K.:rɛnt]

n.

租金; 地租

vt. & vi.

租用; 出租(房屋等)

rented

adj.

租用的,租金的

rend

1. rend rends rending rent
To rend something means to tear it. (LITERARY)

- ...pain that rends the heart.

- ...a twisted urge to rend and tear.

VB

2. rend rends rending rent
If a loud sound rends the air, it is sudden and violent. (LITERARY)

- He bellows, rends the air with anguish.

VB

rent ***

1. rent rents renting rented
If you rent something, you regularly pay its owner a sum of money in order to be able to have it and use it yourself.

- She rents a house with three other girls.

- He left his hotel in a rented car.

VB

2. rent rents renting rented
If you rent something to someone, you let them have it and use it in exchange for a sum of money which they pay you regularly.

- She rented rooms to university students.

VB

3. rent out rents out; renting out; rented out
Rent out means the same as rent .

- Last summer Brian Williams rented out his house and went camping.

- He repaired the boat, and rented it out for $150.

PHR-V

4. rent rents
Rent is the amount of money that you pay regularly to use a house, flat, or piece of land.

- She worked to pay the rent while I went to college.

- Traders in Marble Arch are facing huge rent increases.

N-VAR

5. rent
Rent is the past tense and past participle of rend .

See also ground rent , peppercorn rent .

rend

verb

tear

rip

rupture

separate

wrench

rent

verb

1.

hire

charter

lease

let

noun

2.

hire

fee

lease

payment

rental

rent

noun

tear

gash

hole

opening

rip

slash

slit

split

render

[D.J.:ˈrendə]

[K.K.:ˈrɛndɚ]

vt.

报答; 归还; 给予

呈递; 提供; 开出

演出; 扮演; 演奏

翻译

使; 致使

rendered

纳

rendering

[D.J.:ˈrendərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrɛndərɪŋ]

n.

(戏剧或乐曲的)表演,演奏

(文字的)翻译,译文

render **

1. render renders rendering rendered
You can use render with an adjective that describes a particular state to say that someone or something is changed into that state. For example, if someone or something makes a thing harmless, you can say that they render it harmless.

- It contained so many errors as to render it worthless.

- ...barrel-makers whose trade was rendered obsolete by the introduction of stainless steel wine vats.

VB
= make

2. render renders rendering rendered
If you render someone help or service, you help them. (FORMAL)

- He had a chance to render some service to his country.

- Any assistance you can render him will be appreciated.

- The money was in fact payment by the CIA for services rendered.

VB
= give

3. render renders rendering rendered
When a jury or authority renders a verdict, decision, or response, they announce it. (FORMAL)

- The Board had been slow to render its verdict.

VB
= announce

4. render renders rendering rendered
To render something in a particular language or in a particular way means to translate it into that language or in that way. (FORMAL)

- ...`Zensho shimasu,' which the translator rendered literally as, `I will do my best.'...

- All the signs and announcements were rendered in English and Spanish.

VB
= translate

5. render renders rendering rendered
To render a wall means to cover it with a layer of plaster or cement, usually in order to protect it. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use stucco )
VB

rendering *

1. rendering renderings
A rendering of a play, poem, or piece of music is a performance of it.

- ...a rendering of Verdi's Requiem by the BBC Symphony Orchestra.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= performance

2. rendering renderings
A rendering of an expression or piece of writing or speech is a translation of it.

- This phrase may well have been a rendering of a popular Arabic expression.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= translation

3. rendering renderings
The rendering on a wall is a layer of plaster or cement which covers and protects it. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use stucco )
N-COUNT

render

verb

1.

make

cause to become

leave

2.

provide

furnish

give

hand out

pay

present

submit

supply

tender

3.

portray

act

depict

do

give

perform

play

represent

rendezvous

[D.J.:ˈrɑ:ndeɪˌvu:, -də-]

[K.K.:ˈrɑndeˌvu, -də-]

n.

约会, 幽会

约会的地点(和时间)

公共聚会场所

vi.

约会, 会合

rendezvous *

1. rendezvous rendezvous
A rendezvous is a meeting, often a secret one, that you have arranged with someone for a particular time and place.

- I had almost decided to keep my rendezvous with Tony.

N-COUNT

2. rendezvous rendezvous
A rendezvous is the place where you have arranged to meet someone, often secretly.

- Their rendezvous would be the Penta Hotel at Heathrow Airport.

N-COUNT

3. rendezvous rendezvous rendezvousing rendezvoused
If you rendezvous with someone or if the two of you rendezvous , you meet them at a time and place that you have arranged.

- The plan was to rendezvous with him on Sunday afternoon.

- She wondered where they were going to rendezvous afterwards.

V-RECIP
= meet

rendezvous

noun

1.

appointment

assignation

date

engagement

meeting

tryst archaic

2.

meeting place

gathering point

venue

verb

3.

meet

assemble

come together

gather

join up

rendition

[D.J.:renˈdɪʃən]

[K.K.:rɛnˈdɪʃən]

n.

演唱, 表演

rendition *

rendition renditions
A rendition of a play, poem, or piece of music is a performance of it.

- The musicians burst into a rousing rendition of `Paddy Casey's Reel'.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= performance

rendition

noun

1.

performance

arrangement

interpretation

portrayal

presentation

reading

rendering

version

2.

translation

interpretation

reading

transcription

version

renegade

[D.J.:ˈrenɪˌgeɪd]

[K.K.:ˈrɛnɪˌɡed]

n.

叛徒, 变节者

renegade *

1. renegade renegades
A renegade is a person who abandons the religious, political, or philosophical beliefs that he or she used to have, and accepts opposing or different beliefs.
N-COUNT

2. renegade
Renegade is used to describe a member of a group or profession who behaves in a way that is opposed to the normal behaviour or beliefs of that group or profession.

- Three men were shot dead by a renegade policeman.

ADJ: ADJ n

renegade

noun

1.

deserter

apostate

defector

traitor

turncoat

adjective

2.

rebellious

apostate

disloyal

traitorous

unfaithful

renege

[D.J.:rɪˈnɪg, -ˈneg, -ˈni:g]

[K.K.:rɪˈnɪɡ, -ˈnɛɡ, -ˈniɡ]

vi.

违约,食言

renege *

renege reneges reneging reneged
If someone reneges on a promise or an agreement, they do not do what they have promised or agreed to do.

- He reneged on a promise to leave his wife.

VB

renege

verb

break one's word

back out

break a promise

default

go back

renew

[D.J.:riˈnju:]

[K.K.:rɪˈnu, -ˈnju]

vt. & vi.

(使)复原; (使)更新; 赋予新的生命和活力

vt.

重新开始; 继续

补充; 加强

延长…的期限

renewed

[riˈnju:d]

adj.

更新的,重建的,复兴的,重申的

renewing

整新

renew ***

1. renew renews renewing renewed
If you renew an activity, you begin it again.

- He renewed his attack on government policy towards Europe.

- He believes the peace talks will be renewed soon.

- Reports from Lebanon say there was renewed fighting yesterday.

VB
= resume

2. renew renews renewing renewed
If you renew a relationship with someone, you start it again after you have not seen them or have not been friendly with them for some time.

- When the two men met again after the war they renewed their friendship.

- In December 1989 Syria renewed diplomatic relations with Egypt.

V-RECIP
= resume

3. renew renews renewing renewed
When you renew something such as a licence or a contract, you extend the period of time for which it is valid.

- Larry's landlord threatened not to renew his lease.

- The job was for a fixed term and the contract is not being renewed.

VB

4. renew renews renewing renewed
You can say that something is renewed when it grows again or is replaced after it has been destroyed or lost.

- Nature's repair process is slow and steady, with cells being constantly renewed.

- ...a renewed interest in public transport systems.

VB: usu passive

renew

verb

1.

recommence

continue

extend

reaffirm

recreate

reopen

repeat

resume

2.

restore

mend

modernize

overhaul

refit

refurbish

renovate

repair

3.

replace

refresh

replenish

restock

renewable

[D.J.:rɪˈnu:əbəl, -ˈnju:-]

[K.K.:rɪˈnuəbəl, -ˈnju-]

adj.

可继续的,可续订的

renewable *

1. renewable
Renewable resources are natural ones such as wind, water, and sunlight, which are always available.

- ...renewable energy sources.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. renewable renewables
Renewables are natural energy sources such as wind, water, and sunlight which are always available.
N-COUNT: usu plural

3. renewable
If a contract or agreement is renewable , it can be extended when it reaches the end of a fixed period of time.

- A formal contract is signed which is renewable annually.

ADJ

renewal

[D.J.:rɪˈnu:əl, -ˈnju:-]

[K.K.:rɪˈnuəl, -ˈnju-]

n.

重建;更新

重生

renewal **

1. renewal
If there is a renewal of an activity or a situation, it starts again.

- They will discuss the possible renewal of diplomatic relations.

- Is he really considering a renewal of hostilities at this stage?

N-SING: usu N of n

2. renewal renewals
The renewal of a document such as a licence or a contract is an official increase in the period of time for which it remains valid.

- His contract came up for renewal.

- The premium should be received in this office within fourteen days of the renewal date.

N-VAR

3. renewal
Renewal of something lost, dead, or destroyed is the process of it growing again or being replaced.

- ...a political lobbyist concentrating on urban renewal and regeneration...

- Now it is spring, a time of renewal.

N-UNCOUNT: oft supp N

renounce

[D.J.:riˈnauns]

[K.K.:rɪˈnaʊns]

vt.

宣布放弃

renounce *

1. renounce renounces renouncing renounced
If you renounce a belief or a way of behaving, you decide and declare publicly that you no longer have that belief or will no longer behave in that way.

- After a period of imprisonment she renounced terrorism.

- A substantial minority, unable to renounce Marxism, left to form a new party called Communist Refoundation.

VB

2. renounce renounces renouncing renounced
If you renounce a claim, rank, or title, you officially give it up.

- He renounced his claim to the French throne.

VB
= give up

renounce

verb

give up

abjure

deny

disown

forsake

forswear

quit

recant

relinquish

waive

renovate

[D.J.:ˈrenəveit]

[K.K.:ˈrɛnəˌvet]

vt.

翻新; 修复; 整修

renovation

[D.J.:ˌrenəˈveiʃən]

n.

翻新;修复;整修

renovate *

1. renovate renovates renovating renovated
If someone renovates an old building, they repair and improve it and get it back into good condition.

- The couple spent thousands renovating the house.

- She lives in a large, renovated farmhouse.

VB

2. renovation renovations

- ...a property which will need extensive renovation.

N-VAR

renovate

verb

restore

do up informal

modernize

overhaul

recondition

refit

refurbish

renew

repair

renown

[D.J.:riˈnaun]

[K.K.:rɪˈnaʊn]

n.

名望; 声誉

renown

renown
A person of renown is well known, usually because they do or have done something good.

- She used to be a singer of some renown.

- Mailly's work achieved little renown.

N-UNCOUNT: oft n of N

renown

noun

fame

distinction

eminence

note

reputation

repute

renowned

[D.J.:rɪˈnaʊnd]

[K.K.:rɪˈnaʊnd]

adj.

有名的;享有声誉的

renowned **

renowned
A person or place that is renowned for something, usually something good, is well known because of it.

- The area is renowned for its Romanesque churches.

- James was renowned as a forward thinker.

- ...Sir William Crookes, the renowned chemist.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ for/as n

renowned

adjective

famous

celebrated

distinguished

eminent

esteemed

notable

noted

well-known

rental

[D.J.:ˈrentl]

[K.K.:ˈrɛntl..]

n.

租费, 租金额

rental **

1. rental
The rental of something such as a car or piece of equipment is the activity or process of renting it.

- We can organise car rental from Chicago O'Hare Airport.

- ...Scotland's largest video rental company.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, with supp

2. rental rentals
The rental is the amount of money that you pay when you rent something such as a car, property, or piece of equipment.

- It has been let at an annual rental of £393,000.

N-COUNT

3. rental
You use rental to describe things that are connected with the renting out of goods, properties, and services.

- A friend drove her to Oxford, where she picked up a rental car.

- Repairs and improvements can lead to higher rental rates.

ADJ: ADJ n

rent boy

rent boy rent boys
A rent boy is a boy or young man who has sex with men for money. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

rent-free

[D.J.:ˈrentˈfri:]

[K.K.:ˈrɛntˈfri]

adj.

免地租的

rent-free

1. rent-free
If you have a rent-free house or office, you do not have to pay anything to use it.

- He was given a new rent-free apartment.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. rent-free
Also an adverb.

- They told James he could no longer live rent-free.

ADV: ADV after v

renunciation

[D.J.:rɪˌnʌnsi:ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˌnʌnsiˈeʃən]

n.

声明放弃(权利等),宣布断绝关系

克己

放弃,抛弃

renunciation

1. renunciation
The renunciation of a belief or a way of behaving is the public declaration that you reject it and have decided to stop having that belief or behaving in that way.

- The talks were dependent on a renunciation of terrorism.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. renunciation
The renunciation of a claim, title, or privilege is the act of officially giving it up.

- ...the renunciation of territory in the Mediterranean.

N-UNCOUNT

3. renunciation
Renunciation is the act of not allowing yourself certain pleasures for moral or religious reasons.

- Gandhi exemplified the virtues of renunciation, asceticism and restraint.

N-UNCOUNT
= self-denial

renunciation

noun

giving up

abandonment

abdication

abjuration

denial

disavowal

forswearing

rejection

relinquishment

repudiation

reopen

[D.J.:ri:ˈəʊpən]

[K.K.:riˈopən]

vt. & vi.

重新开始, 再开

reopen old wounds

揭旧疮疤；重提伤心事

reopen **

1. reopen reopens reopening reopened
If you reopen a public building such as a factory, airport, or school, or if it reopens , it opens and starts working again after it has been closed for some time.

- Iran reopened its embassy in London.

- It plans to reopen the shipyard tomorrow.

- The Theatre Royal, Norwich, will reopen in November.

V-ERG

2. reopen reopens reopening reopened
If police or the courts reopen a legal case, they investigate it again because it has never been solved or because there was something wrong in the way it was investigated before.

- There was a call today to reopen the investigation into the bombing.

VB

3. reopen reopens reopening reopened
If people or countries reopen talks or negotiations or if talks or negotiations reopen , they begin again after they have stopped for some time.

- But now high level delegations will reopen talks that broke up earlier this year.

- ...the possibility of reopening negotiations with the government...

- Middle East peace talks reopen in Washington on Wednesday.

V-RECIP-ERG
= resume

4. reopen reopens reopening reopened
If people or countries reopen ties or relations, they start being friendly again after a time when they were not friendly.

- He reopened ties with Moscow earlier this year.

- Britain and Argentina reopened diplomatic relations.

V-RECIP

5. reopen reopens reopening reopened
If something reopens a question or debate, it makes the question or debate relevant again and causes people to start discussing it again.

- His results are likely to reopen the debate on race and education.

VB

6. reopen reopens reopening reopened
If a country reopens a border or route, or if it reopens , it becomes possible to cross or travel along it again after it has been closed.

- Jordan reopened its border with Iraq.

- The important Peking Shanghai route has reopened.

V-ERG

reorganization

[D.J.:ri:ˌɔ:gənɪˈzeɪʃən]

[K.K.:riˌɔrɡənɪˈzeʃən]

n.

改组;改编;重新制定;整顿

reorganize

[D.J.:ri:ˈɔ:gəˌnaɪz]

[K.K.:riˈɔrɡəˌnaɪz]

vt. & vi.

改组, 改编, 整顿

reorganize **

1. reorganize reorganizes reorganizing reorganized
To reorganize something means to change the way in which it is organized, arranged, or done.

- It is the mother who is expected to reorganize her busy schedule.

- Four thousand troops have been reorganized into a fighting force.

- They'll have to reorganise and that might cause them problems.

- ...the newly reorganized local health service.

V-ERG (BRIT) also reorganise

2. reorganization reorganizations

- ...the reorganization of the legal system...

- David was worried about major reorganisations taking place at work.

N-VAR

reorganize

verb

rearrange

reshuffle

restructure

rep

[D.J.:rep]

[K.K.:rɛp]

n.

售货员, 推销员，销售代表

定期换演剧目的剧场(或剧团)

reps

[reps]

n.

条花织品之一种

rep *

1. rep reps
A rep is a person whose job is to sell a company's products or services, especially by travelling round and visiting other companies. Rep is short for representative.

- I'd been working as a sales rep for a photographic company.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

2. rep reps
A rep is a person who acts as a representative for a group of people, usually a group of people who work together.

- Contact the health and safety rep at your union.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

3. rep
In the theatre, rep is the same as repertory .

- A play is tested in rep before ever hitting a West End stage.

N-UNCOUNT

Rep.

abbr.

Republic 共和国

Rep.

abbr.

Republic 共和国

Rep. **

Rep.
Rep. is a written abbreviation for Representative . (AM)

- ...Rep. Barbara Boxer.

repaid

[D.J.:rɪˈpeɪd]

[K.K.:rɪˈped]

repay的过去式和过去分词

repay

[D.J.:ri:ˈpei]

[K.K.:rɪˈpe]

vt.

偿还; 付还

报答, 酬报

repaid

repaid
Repaid is the past tense and past participle of repay .

repay **

1. repay repays repaying repaid
If you repay a loan or a debt, you pay back the money that you owe to the person who you borrowed or took it from.

- It will take 30 years to repay the loan.

- He advanced funds of his own to his company, which was unable to repay him.

VB

2. repay repays repaying repaid
If you repay a favour that someone did for you, you do something for them in return.

- It was very kind. I don't know how I can ever repay you.

- I owe them a debt that cannot easily be repaid.

VB

repay

verb

1.

pay back

compensate

recompense

refund

reimburse

requite

return

square

2.

get even with informal

avenge

get one's own back on informal

hit back

reciprocate

retaliate

revenge

repair

[D.J.:riˈpɛə]

[K.K.:rɪˈpɛr]

n.

修理, 修补

修补的地方

vt.

修理; 修补

纠正, 补救

repairer

n.

修理工人,修补者

repair ***

1. repair repairs repairing repaired
If you repair something that has been damaged or is not working properly, you mend it.

- Goldsmith has repaired the roof to ensure the house is wind-proof.

- The cost of repairing earthquake damage could be more than seven-thousand-million dollars.

- A woman drove her car to the garage to have it repaired.

VB

2. repairer repairers

- ...services provided by builders, plumbers and TV repairers.

N-COUNT: usu n N
= repairman

3. repair repairs repairing repaired
If you repair a relationship or someone's reputation after it has been damaged, you do something to improve it.

- The government continued to try to repair the damage caused by the minister's interview.

- The first and most important thing was to repair my relationship with my father.

VB

4. repair repairs
A repair is something that you do to mend a machine, building, piece of clothing, or other thing that has been damaged or is not working properly.

- Many women know how to carry out repairs on their cars.

- Many of the buildings are in need of repair.

- There is no doubt now that her marriage is beyond repair.

N-VAR

5. repair repairs repairing repaired
If someone repairs to a particular place, they go there. (FORMAL)

- We then repaired to the pavilion for lunch.

VB
= go

6. repair
If something such as a building is in good repair , it is in good condition. If it is in bad repair , it is in bad condition.

- The monks of Ettal keep the abbey in good repair.

- The road was in bad repair in parts.

PHR

repair

verb

1.

mend

fix

heal

patch

patch up

renovate

restore

noun

2.

mend

darn

overhaul

patch

restoration

3.

condition

form

shape informal

state

repairman

[D.J.:riˈpeəmæn]

[K.K.:rɪˈpɛrˌmæn, -mən]

n.

修理工

repairman

repairman repairmen
A repairman is a man who mends broken machines such as televisions and telephones.

- ...a cheerful telephone repairman.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

reparation

[D.J.:ˌrepəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛpəˈreʃən]

n.

赔款;补偿;赔偿

reparation *

1. reparation
Reparations are sums of money that are paid after a war by the defeated country for the damage and injuries it caused in other countries.

- Israel accepted billions of dollars in war reparations.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. reparation
Reparation is help or payment that someone gives you for damage, loss, or suffering that they have caused you.

- There is a clear demand amongst victims for some sort of reparation from offenders.

N-UNCOUNT

reparation

noun

compensation

atonement

damages

recompense

restitution

satisfaction

repartee

[D.J.:ˌrepəˈti:, -ˈteɪ, -ɑ:-]

[K.K.:ˌrɛpɚˈti, -ˈte, -ɑr-]

n.

(做出)机敏的应答,机智的反驳

repartee

repartee
Repartee is conversation that consists of quick, witty comments and replies.

- She was good at repartee.

N-UNCOUNT

repartee

noun

wit

badinage

banter

riposte

wittiness

wordplay

repast

[D.J.:riˈpɑ:st]

[K.K.:rɪˈpæst]

n.

餐

vi.

设宴,就餐

repast

repast repasts
A repast is a meal. (LITERARY)
N-COUNT

repast

noun

meal

food

repatriate

[D.J.:ri:ˈpeɪtri:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:riˈpetriˌet]

vt.

把(某人)遣送回国, 遣返

repatriation

[ˌri:pætriˈeiʃən,ˌripeitriˈeiʃən]

n.

遣送回国,归国

repatriate **

1. repatriate repatriates repatriating repatriated
If a country repatriates someone, it sends them back to their home country.

- It was not the policy of the government to repatriate genuine refugees.

- About 300 French hostages are to be repatriated.

VB

2. repatriation repatriations

- Today they begin the forced repatriation of Vietnamese boat people.

N-VAR

3. repatriate repatriates repatriating repatriated
If a company repatriates profits that it has made in another country, it brings them back into its home country.

- Foreign investors are to be allowed to repatriate profits over one billion rupees.

VB

4. repatriation

- ...penalties on the repatriation of profits.

N-VAR

repayable

[D.J.:rɪˈpeɪəbɵl]

[K.K.:rɪˈpeəbl..]

adj.

(指钱)可付还的，应偿还的

repayable

repayable
A loan that is repayable within a certain period of time must be paid back within that time. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use payable )

- The loan is repayable over twenty years.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ

repayment

[D.J.:ri:ˈpeimənt]

n.

偿还;报答;偿付的钱物

repayment **

1. repayment repayments
Repayments are amounts of money which you pay at regular intervals to a person or organization in order to repay a debt.

- They were unable to meet their mortgage repayments.

- You can pay it off or make a minimum repayment.

N-COUNT

2. repayment
The repayment of money is the act or process of paying it back to the person you owe it to.

- He failed to meet last Friday's deadline for repayment of a £114m loan.

- Brazil is putting forward a new debt repayment plan.

N-UNCOUNT

repeal

[D.J.:riˈpi:l]

[K.K.:rɪˈpil]

vt.

撤销, 废除

repeal *

1. repeal repeals repealing repealed
If the government repeals a law, it officially ends it, so that it is no longer valid.

- The government has just repealed the law segregating public facilities.

VB

2. repeal
Also a noun.

- Next year will be the 60th anniversary of the repeal of Prohibition.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

repeal

verb

1.

abolish

annul

cancel

invalidate

nullify

recall

reverse

revoke

noun

2.

abolition

annulment

cancellation

invalidation

rescindment

repeat

[D.J.:riˈpi:t]

[K.K.:rɪˈpit]

vt. & vi.

重说, 重做

vt.

复述, 背诵

再次供应

vi.

吃后仍留有余味

n.

重复; 复述; 背诵

(节目)重演, 重播

repeated

[D.J.:rɪˈpi:tɪd]

[K.K.:rɪˈpitɪd]

adj.

反复的,再三的,重复的

repeatedly

adv.

反复地,再三地,重复地

repeatedly

[D.J.:riˈpi:tidli]

[K.K.:rɪˈpitɪdli]

adv.

重复地,再三地

repeating

[D.J.:riˈpi:tiŋ]

[K.K.:rɪˈpitɪŋ]

adj.

反复的,重复的

repeat ****

1. repeat repeats repeating repeated
If you repeat something, you say or write it again. You can say I repeat to show that you feel strongly about what you are repeating.

- He repeated that he had been mis-quoted.

- I repeat that medicine is on the brink of a revolution.

- The Libyan leader Colonel Gadaffi repeated his call for the release of hostages.

- `You fool,' she kept repeating.

VB
= reiterate

2. repeat repeats repeating repeated
If you repeat something that someone else has said or written, you say or write the same thing, or tell it to another person.

- She had an irritating habit of repeating everything I said to her.

- I trust you not to repeat that to anyone else.

- Now, brother, repeat after me, `All praise to Allah, Lord of All the Worlds'.

VB

3. repeat repeats repeating repeated
If you repeat yourself, you say something which you have said before, usually by mistake.

- He spoke well to begin with, but then started rambling and repeating himself.

VB

4. repeat
People sometimes say repeat before saying again a word they have just said, in order to emphasize it or to make sure that people hear it. (FORMAL)

- We are not, I repeat, not actually in the negotiating process.

- Find and destroy, repeat destroy, these units.

CONVENTION emphasis

5. repeat repeats repeating repeated
If you repeat an action, you do it again.

- The next day I repeated the procedure.

- He said Japan would never repeat its mistakes.

- Hold this position for 30 seconds, release and repeat on the other side.

VB

6. repeat repeats repeating repeated
If an event or series of events repeats itself, it happens again.

- The UN will have to work hard to stop history repeating itself.

- The cycle then repeats itself.

VB

7. repeat repeats
If there is a repeat of an event, usually an undesirable event, it happens again.

- There were fears that there might be a repeat of last year's campaign of strikes.

- ...in order to prevent a repeat tragedy.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n
= repetition

8. repeat
If a company gets repeat business or repeat customers, people who have bought their goods or services before buy them again.

- Nearly 60% of our bookings come from repeat business and personal recommendation.

ADJ: ADJ n

9. repeat repeats
A repeat is a television or radio programme that has been broadcast before. (BRIT; in AM use re-run )

- There's nothing except sport and repeats on TV.

N-COUNT

10. repeat
If there is a repeat performance of something, usually something undesirable, it happens again.

- This year can only see a repeat performance of the decline.

PHR
= repeat

repeated **

repeated
Repeated actions or events are ones which happen many times.

- Mr Lawssi apparently did not return the money, despite repeated reminders.

- During that time there have been repeated attempts to re-introduce capital punishment.

ADJ: ADJ n
= frequent

repeat

verb

1.

reiterate

echo

replay

reproduce

rerun

reshow

restate

retell

noun

2.

repetition

echo

reiteration

replay

rerun

reshowing

repeatedly **

repeatedly
If you do something repeatedly , you do it many times.

- Both men have repeatedly denied the allegations.

- The rebel soldiers tried repeatedly to storm the building.

ADV: ADV with v

repeatedly

adverb

over and over

frequently

many times

often

repeat offender

repeat offender repeat offenders
A repeat offender is someone who commits the same sort of crime more than once.
N-COUNT

repeat prescription

repeat prescription repeat prescriptions
A repeat prescription is a prescription for a medicine that you have taken before or that you use regularly. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

repel

[D.J.:riˈpel]

[K.K.:rɪˈpɛl]

vt.

击退, 抵制

使厌恶, 使反感

repel *

1. repel repels repelling repelled
When an army repels an attack, they successfully fight and drive back soldiers from another army who have attacked them. (FORMAL)

- They have fifty thousand troops along the border ready to repel any attack.

VB
= repulse

2. repel repels repelling repelled
When a magnetic pole repels another magnetic pole, it gives out a force that pushes the other pole away. You can also say that two magnetic poles repel each other or that they repel . (TECHNICAL)

- Like poles repel, unlike poles attract.

- As these electrons are negatively charged they will attempt to repel each other.

V-RECIP

3. repel repels repelled
If something repels you, you find it horrible and disgusting.

- ...a violent excitement that frightened and repelled her.

VB: no cont
= revolt

4. repelled

- She was very striking but in some way I felt repelled.

ADJ-GRADED

repel

verb

1.

disgust

gross out U.S. slang

nauseate

offend

revolt

sicken

2.

drive off

fight

hold off

parry

rebuff

repulse

resist

ward off

repellent

[D.J.:rɪˈpelənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈpɛlənt]

n.

驱虫剂

adj.

令人反感的;令人厌恶的

repellent *

1. repellent
If you think that something is horrible and disgusting you can say that it is repellent . (FORMAL)

- ...a very large, very repellent toad...

- She still found the place repellent.

ADJ-GRADED
= repugnant repulsive

2. repellent repellents
Insect repellent is a product containing chemicals that you spray into the air or on your body in order to keep insects away.

- ...mosquito repellent.

N-MASS: usu n N The spelling repellant is also used

repellent

adjective

1.

disgusting

abhorrent

hateful

horrid

loathsome

nauseating

noxious

offensive

repugnant

repulsive

revolting

sickening

2.

proof

impermeable

repelling

resistant

repent

[D.J.:rɪˈpent]

[K.K.:rɪˈpɛnt]

vt. & vi.

对(自己的所为)感到懊悔或忏悔

repent

repent repents repenting repented
If you repent , you show or say that you are sorry for something wrong you have done.

- Those who refuse to repent, he said, will be punished.

- Did he repent of anything in his life?

VB

repent

verb

regret

be sorry

feel remorse

rue

repentance

[D.J.:rɪˈpentəns]

[K.K.:rɪˈpɛntəns]

n.

悔悟;悔改;后悔;忏悔

repentance

repentance
If you show repentance for something wrong that you have done, you make it clear that you are sorry for doing it.

- They showed no repentance during their trial.

N-UNCOUNT
= remorse

repentance

noun

regret

compunction

contrition

grief

guilt

penitence

remorse

repentant

[D.J.:rɪˈpentənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈpɛntənt]

adj.

后悔的;悔改的

repentant

repentant
Someone who is repentant shows or says that they are sorry for something wrong they have done.

- He was feeling guilty and depressed, repentant and scared.

- ...a repentant criminal.

ADJ-GRADED
= penitent ≠ unrepentant

repentant

adjective

regretful

contrite

penitent

remorseful

rueful

sorry

repercussion

[D.J.:ˌri:pəˈkʌʃən]

[K.K.:ˌripɚˈkʌʃən, ˈrɛpə-]

n.

后果, 反响

repercussions

反响

repercussion *

repercussion repercussions
If an action or event has repercussions , it causes unpleasant things to happen some time after the original action or event. (FORMAL)

- It was an effort which was to have painful repercussions.

- Members of congress were warned of possible repercussions if their vote went through.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= consequence

repercussion

noun

repercussions

consequences

backlash

result

sequel

side effects

repertoire

[D.J.:ˈrepətwɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈrɛpɚˌtwɑr]

n.

全部节目

repertoire *

1. repertoire repertoires
A performer's repertoire is all the plays or pieces of music that he or she has learned and can perform.

- Meredith D'Ambrosio has thousands of songs in her repertoire.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp
= repertory

2. repertoire
The repertoire of a person or thing is all the things of a particular kind that the person or thing is capable of doing.

- What I do remember is Mike's impressive repertoire of funny stories from childhood to present day.

- This has been one of the most successful desserts in my repertoire.

N-SING: with supp

3. repertoire
You can refer to all the plays or music of a particular kind as, for example, the classical repertoire or the jazz repertoire .

- It is no coincidence that the works in the `standard repertoire' tend to have names.

N-SING: with supp

repertoire

noun

range

collection

list

repertory

stock

store

supply

repertory

[D.J.:ˈrepəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:]

[K.K.:ˈrɛpɚˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

n.

全部剧目;轮演剧目

repertory *

1. repertory
A repertory company is a group of actors and actresses who perform a small number of plays for just a few weeks at a time. They work in a repertory theatre.

- ...a well-known repertory company in Boston...

- He was in repertory in Dundee.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n
= rep

2. repertory
A performer's repertory is all the plays or pieces of music that he or she has learned and can perform.

- Her repertory was vast and to her it seemed that each song told some part of her life.

N-SING: usu poss N
= repertoire

repetition

[D.J.:ˌrepiˈtiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛpɪˈtɪʃən]

n.

重复, 反复, 重复的事

复制品, 副本

repetition *

1. repetition repetitions
If there is a repetition of an event, usually an undesirable event, it happens again.

- Today the city government has taken measures to prevent a repetition of last year's confrontation.

- Collins wants to avoid repetition of the confusion that followed the discovery in 1989 of the cystic fibrosis gene.

N-VAR: usu N of n

2. repetition repetitions
Repetition means using the same words again.

- He could also have cut out much of the repetition and thus saved many pages.

N-VAR

repetition

noun

repeating

echo

recurrence

reiteration

renewal

replication

restatement

tautology

repetitious

[D.J.:ˌrepɪˈtɪʃəs]

[K.K.:ˌrɛpɪˈtɪʃəs]

adj.

重复的;反复的

repetitious

repetitious
Something that is repetitious involves actions or elements that are repeated many times and is therefore boring.

- The manifesto is long-winded, repetitious and often ambiguous or poorly drafted.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= repetitive

repetitious

adjective

long-winded

prolix

tautological

tedious

verbose

wordy

repetitive

[D.J.:rɪˈpetɪtɪv]

[K.K.:rɪˈpɛtɪtɪv]

adj.

重复的, 啰嗦的

repetitive *

1. repetitive
Something that is repetitive involves actions or elements that are repeated many times and is therefore boring.

- ...factory workers who do repetitive jobs...

- Suddenly music that seemed dull and repetitive comes alive.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. repetitive
Repetitive movements or sounds are repeated many times.

- This technique is particularly successful where problems occur as the result of repetitive movements.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

repetitive

adjective

monotonous

boring

dull

mechanical

recurrent

tedious

unchanging

unvaried

repetitive strain injury

repetitive strain injury
People who suffer from repetitive strain injury have pain in their hands and arms as a result of repeating similar movements over a long period of time, usually as part of their job. The abbreviation RSI is also used.

- One problem known to be associated with the increasing use of word processors is repetitive strain injury.

N-UNCOUNT

rephrase

[D.J.:ri:ˈfreiz]

[K.K.:riˈfrez]

vt.

改述,改撰

rephrase

rephrase rephrases rephrasing rephrased
If you rephrase a question or statement, you ask it or say it again in a different way.

- Holidays can be horrendous. All right, I'll rephrase that. The first few days are invariably hell.

- Again, the executive rephrased the question.

VB

rephrase

verb

reword

paraphrase

put differently

replace

[D.J.:riˈpleis]

[K.K.:rɪˈples]

vt.

取代, 代替; 更换, 替换

把…放回原位

replacing

更换,替代

replace ****

1. replace replaces replacing replaced
If one thing or person replaces another, the first is used or acts instead of the second.

- The council tax replaces the poll tax next April.

- ...the city lawyer who replaced Bob as chairman of the company...

- The smile disappeared to be replaced by a doleful frown.

VB

2. replace replaces replacing replaced
If you replace one thing or person with another, you put something or someone else in their place to do their job.

- I clean out all the grease and replace it with oil so it works better in very low temperatures.

- The BBC decided it could not replace her.

VB

3. replace replaces replacing replaced
If you replace something that is broken, damaged, or lost, you get a new one to use instead.

- The shower that we put in a few years back has broken and we cannot afford to replace it.

VB

4. replace replaces replacing replaced
If you replace something, you put it back where it was before.

- The line went dead. Whitlock replaced the receiver.

- Replace the caps on the bottles.

VB

replace

verb

take the place of

follow

oust

substitute

succeed

supersede

supplant

take over from

replaceable

[riˈpleisəbl]

adj.

可代替的

replaceable

1. replaceable
If something is replaceable , you can throw it away when it is finished and put a new one in its place.

- ...replaceable butane gas cartridges.

ADJ
= disposable

2. replaceable
If you say that someone is replaceable , you mean that they are not so important that someone else could not take their place.

- Things would be better now. He would see I was not so easily replaceable.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
≠ irreplaceable

replacement

[D.J.:riˈpleismənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈplesmənt]

n.

代替, 替换, 更换

替换的人[物]

replacement ***

1. replacement
If you refer to the replacement of one thing by another, you mean that the second thing takes the place of the first.

- ...the replacement of damaged or lost books.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp
= substitution

See also hormone replacement therapy .

2. replacement replacements
Someone who takes someone else's place in an organization, government, or team can be referred to as their replacement .

- Taylor has nominated Adams as his replacement.

- The 18-year-old made his debut last week as a replacement for the injured Gordon Durie.

N-COUNT

replacement

noun

successor

double

proxy

stand-in

substitute

surrogate

understudy

replay

[D.J.:ri:ˈpleɪ]

[K.K.:riˈple]

n.

重播, 重放

vt.

重放

replay **

1. replay replays replaying replayed
If a match between two sports teams is replayed , the two teams play it again, because neither team won the first time, or because the match was stopped because of bad weather. (mainly BRIT)

- Drawn matches were replayed three or four days later.

VB: usu passive

2. replay replays
You can refer to a match that is replayed as a replay .

- If there has to be a replay we are confident of victory.

N-COUNT

3. replay replays replaying replayed
If you replay something that you have recorded on film or tape, you play it again in order to watch it or listen to it.

- He stopped the machine and replayed the message.

VB

4. replay replays
Also a noun.

- I watched a slow-motion videotape replay of his fall.

N-COUNT

5. replay replays replaying replayed
If you replay an event in your mind, you think about it again and again.

- She spends her nights lying in bed, replaying the fire in her mind.

VB

replenish

[D.J.:rɪˈplenɪʃ]

[K.K.:rɪˈplɛnɪʃ]

vt.

补充

replenish *

replenish replenishes replenishing replenished
If you replenish something, you make it full or complete again. (FORMAL)

- Three hundred thousand tons of cereals are needed to replenish stocks.

- The insurance fund will need to be replenished.

VB

replenish

verb

refill

fill

provide

reload

replace

restore

top up

replenishment

n.

补给,补充

replenishment

replenishment
Replenishment is the process by which something is made full or complete again. (FORMAL)

- There is a concern about replenishment of the population.

- ...cell replenishment.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

replete

[D.J.:rɪˈpli:t]

[K.K.:rɪˈplit]

adj.

饱食的

充满的,供应充足的

repletion

n.

repletion

[D.J.:rɪˈpli:ʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈpliʃən]

n.

充满;客满;饱食

<医>多血(症)

replete

1. replete
To be replete with something means to be full of it. (FORMAL)

- The Harbor was replete with boats.

- History is replete with examples of populations out of control.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with n
= full of

2. replete
If you are replete , you are pleasantly full of food and drink. (FORMAL)

- Replete, guests can then retire to the modern conservatory for coffee.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ
= full up

replete

adjective

full

crammed

filled

full up

glutted

gorged

stuffed

replica

[D.J.:ˈreplɪkə]

[K.K.:ˈrɛplɪkə]

n.

复制品

replica *

1. replica replicas
A replica of something such as a statue, building, or weapon is an accurate copy of it.

- ...a human-sized replica of the Statue of Liberty...

- Royce Hall was an exact replica of the basilica of Sant Ambrogio in Milan.

- It was a replica gun, for display only.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= model

2. replica replicas
If you say that one person is a replica of another, you mean that the first person looks very like the second.

- Tina as a child was a replica of her mother.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n

replica

noun

duplicate

carbon copy informal

copy

facsimile

imitation

model

reproduction

replicate

[D.J.:ˈreplɪˌkeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈrɛplɪˌket]

vt.

复制;重复

replication

[D.J.:ˌrepliˈkeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛplɪˈkeʃən]

n.

复制

replicate *

1. replicate replicates replicating replicated
If you replicate someone's experiment, work, or research, you do it yourself in exactly the same way. (FORMAL)

- He invited her to his laboratory to see if she could replicate the experiment.

VB
= duplicate repeat

2. replicate replicates replicating replicated
If a molecule replicates , it divides into smaller molecules which are exact copies of itself. (TECHNICAL)

- Cells can reproduce but only molecules can replicate.

VB

3. replication

- The process of replication is very quick and efficient.

N-UNCOUNT

replicate

verb

copy

duplicate

mimic

recreate

reduplicate

reproduce

reply

[D.J.:riˈplai]

[K.K.:rɪˈplaɪ]

n.

回答, 答复

vt. & vi.

回答, 答复

vi.

作答; 回答

reply ****

1. reply replies replying replied
When you reply to something that someone has said or written to you, you say or write an answer to them.

- `That's a nice dress,' said Michael. `Thanks,' she replied solemnly.

- He replied that this was absolutely impossible.

- Grace was too terrified to reply.

- I've not replied to Lee's letter yet.

- To their surprise, hundreds replied to the advertisement.

VB
= answer

2. reply replies
A reply is something that you say or write when you answer someone or answer a letter or advertisement.

- I called out a challenge, but there was no reply.

- David has had 12 replies to his ad.

- They went ahead without waiting for a reply from the Germans.

- He said in reply that the question was unfair.

N-COUNT: oft N to/from n, also in N
= answer response

3. reply replies replying replied
In sports, if you reply to a goal or a number of points scored by your opponents, you also score a goal or a number of points. (JOURNALISM)

- Graeme Hick scored an unbeaten 58 as Worcestershire replied to Middlesex's 202 with 132-3.

- Deryck Fox gave Featherstone the lead early in the first half with a penalty, but Saints were quick to reply.

VB

4. reply replies replying replied
If you reply to something such as an attack with violence or with another action, you do something in response.

- During a number of violent incidents farmers threw eggs and empty bottles at police, who replied with tear gas.

- The National Salvation Front has already replied to this series of opposition moves with its own demonstrations.

VB

reply

verb

1.

answer

counter

reciprocate

rejoin

respond

retaliate

retort

noun

2.

answer

counter

counterattack

reaction

rejoinder

response

retaliation

retort

report

[D.J.:riˈpɔ:t]

[K.K.:rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport]

n.

报告, 报道

成绩报告单, 工作鉴定书

传闻; 流言蜚语

vt. & vi.

报告; 报道

公布; 宣告; 当记者

报到

vt.

告发, 举报

reported

[riˈpɔ:tid]

adj.

据报告的;据报导的;据传闻的

reporting

[riˈpɔ:tiŋ]

n.

报告

report *****

1. report reports reporting reported
If you report something that has happened, you tell people about it.

- They had been called in to clear drains after local people reported a foul smell.

- I reported the theft to the police.

- The officials also reported that two more ships were apparently heading for Malta.

- `He seems to be all right now,' reported a relieved Taylor.

- The foreign secretary is reported as saying that force will have to be used if diplomacy fails.

- She reported him missing the next day.

- Between forty and fifty people are reported to have died in the fighting.

VB

2. report reports reporting reported
If you report on an event or subject, you tell people about it, because it is your job or duty to do so.

- Many journalists based outside of Sudan have been refused visas to enter the country to report on political affairs.

- I'll now call at the vicarage and report to you in due course.

VB

3. report reports
A report is a news article or broadcast which gives information about something that has just happened.

- According to a report in London's Independent newspaper, he still has control over the remaining shares.

- With a report on these developments, here's Jim Fish in Belgrade.

- Press reports said that 65mm of water fell in twenty four hours.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. report reports
A report is an official document which a group of people issue after investigating a situation or event.

- The education committee will today publish its report on the supply of teachers for the 1990's.

- A report by the Association of University Teachers finds that only 22 per cent of lecturers in our universities are women.

N-COUNT: oft N on n, N by n

5. report reports
If you give someone a report on something, you tell them what has been happening.

- She came back to give us a progress report on how the project is going.

- It seemed obvious from his report of that meeting that you were trying to focus suspicion on Mr Hirsch.

N-COUNT

6. report reports
If you say that there are reports that something has happened, you mean that some people say it has happened but you have no direct evidence of it.

- There are unconfirmed reports that two people have been shot in the neighbouring town of Lalitpur.

- There were no reports of casualties.

N-COUNT: usu pl, N of n, N that vagueness

7. report reports reporting reported
If someone reports you to a person in authority, they tell that person about something wrong that you have done.

- His ex-wife reported him to police a few days later.

- The Princess was reported for speeding twice on the same road within a week.

VB

8. report reports reporting reported
If you report to a person or place, you go to that person or place and say that you are ready to start work or say that you are present.

- According to protocol, he first reported to the Director of the hospital.

- Mr Ashwell has to surrender his passport and report to the police every five days.

- None of the men had reported for duty.

VB

9. report reports reported
If you say that one employee reports to another, you mean that the first employee is told what to do by the second one and is responsible to them. (FORMAL)

- He reported to a section chief, who reported to a division chief, and so on up the line.

VB: no cont

10. report reports
A school report is an official written account of how well or how badly a pupil has done during the term or year that has just finished. (BRIT; in AM use report card )

- And now she was getting bad school reports.

N-COUNT

11. report reports
A report is a sudden loud noise, for example the sound of a gun being fired or an explosion. (FORMAL)

- Soon afterwards there was a loud report as the fuel tanks exploded.

N-COUNT

reporting ****

reporting
Reporting is the presenting of news in newspapers, on radio, and on television.

- This newspaper has achieved a reputation for honest and impartial political reporting.

N-UNCOUNT

report

verb

1.

communicate

broadcast

cover

describe

detail

inform of

narrate

pass on

recount

relate

state

tell

2.

present oneself

appear

arrive

come

turn up

noun

3.

account

communication

description

narrative

news

record

statement

word

4.

article

piece

story

write-up

5.

rumour

buzz

gossip

hearsay

talk

6.

bang

blast

boom

crack

detonation

discharge

explosion

noise

sound

report back *****

1. report back reports back; reporting back; reported back
If you report back to someone, you tell them about something that they asked you to find out about.

- The teams are due to report back to the Prime Minister early next year.

- I'll report back the moment I have located him.

- He would, of course, report back on all deliberations.

- The repairman reported back that the computer had a virus.

PHR-V

2. report back reports back; reporting back; reported back
If you report back to a place, you go back there and say that you are ready to start work or say that you are present.

- The authorities have ordered all soldiers who have returned from the front line to report back to barracks.

- They were sent home and told to report back in the afternoon.

PHR-V

3. report back reports back; reporting back; reported back
If you report back a comment or remark, often a critical one, you repeat it to the person it was made about.

- We reported this back to Krajicek.

- They're scared that their sentiments might be reported back to the government.

PHR-V

reportage

[D.J.:ˌrepɔ:ˈtɑ:ʒ]

[K.K.:ˌrɛpɚˈtɑʒ, rɪˈpɔrtɪdʒ, -ˈpor-]

n.

报道,报道的消息,报告文学

reportage

reportage
Reportage is the reporting of news and other events of general interest for newspapers, television, and radio. (FORMAL)

- ...the magazine's acclaimed mix of reportage, fashion/beauty, and human interest stories.

N-UNCOUNT

report card

1. report card report cards
A report card is an official written account of how well or how badly a pupil has done during the term or year that has just finished. (AM; in BRIT use report )

- The only time I got their attention was when I brought home straight A's on my report card.

N-COUNT

2. report card report cards
A report card is a report on how well a person, organization, or country has been doing recently. (AM, JOURNALISM)

- The President today issued his final report card on the state of the economy.

N-COUNT

reported clause

reported clause reported clauses
A reported clause is a subordinate clause that indicates what someone said or thought. For example, in `She said that she was hungry', `she was hungry' is a reported clause. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

reportedly

[D.J.:riˈpɔ:tidli]

[K.K.:rɪˈpɔrtɪdli, -ˈpor-]

adv.

据报道, 据传说

reportedly **

reportedly
If you say that something is reportedly true, you mean that someone has said that it is true, but you have no direct evidence of it. (FORMAL)

- More than two hundred people have reportedly been killed in the past week's fighting.

- Now Moscow has reportedly agreed that the sale can go ahead.

- General Breymann had been shot dead, reportedly by one of his own men.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV before v vagueness
= apparently allegedly

reported question

reported question reported questions
A reported question is a question which is reported using a clause beginning with a word such as `why' or `whether', as in `I asked her why she'd done it'. (BRIT)
N-COUNT
= indirect question

reported speech

reported speech
Reported speech is speech which tells you what someone said, but does not use the person's actual words: for example, `They said you didn't like it', `I asked him what his plans were', and `Citizens complained about the smoke'. (BRIT; in AM use indirect discourse )
N-UNCOUNT
= indirect speech

reporter

[D.J.:riˈpɔ:tə]

[K.K.:rɪˈpɔrtɚ, -ˈpor-]

n.

记者

reporter ****

reporter reporters
A reporter is someone who writes news articles or who broadcasts news reports.

- ...a TV reporter.

- ...a trainee sports reporter...

- Our reporter Chris Loosemore sums up the findings.

N-COUNT
= correspondent

reporter

noun

journalist

correspondent

hack derogatory

journo slang

pressman

writer

reporting clause

reporting clause reporting clauses
A reporting clause is a clause which indicates that you are talking about what someone said or thought. For example, in `She said that she was hungry', `She said' is a reporting clause. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

report structure

report structure report structures
A report structure is a structure containing a reporting clause and a reported clause or a quote. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

repose

[D.J.:rɪˈpəʊz]

[K.K.:rɪˈpoz]

n.

休息;安眠;宁静

repose

1. repose
Repose is a state in which you are resting and feeling calm. (LITERARY)

- He had a still, almost blank face in repose.

- Its atmosphere is one of repose rather than excitement.

N-UNCOUNT

2. repose reposes reposing reposed
If something reposes somewhere, it is there. (FORMAL)

- Exquisite china soup dishes reposed on silver plates.

VB
= lie

repose

noun

1.

peace

ease

quietness

relaxation

respite

rest

stillness

tranquillity

2.

composure

calmness

poise

self-possession

3.

sleep

slumber

verb

4.

rest

lie

lie down

recline

rest upon

reposition

[D.J.:ˌri:pəˈziʃən]

[K.K.:ˌripəˈzɪʃən, ˌrɛpə-]

n.

重新配置

reposition

1. reposition repositions repositioning repositioned
To reposition an object means to move it to another place or to change its position.

- It is not possible to reposition the carpet without damaging it.

VB

2. reposition repositions repositioning repositioned
To reposition something such as a product or service means to try to interest more or different people in it, for example by changing certain things about it or the way it is marketed.

- The sell-off is aimed at repositioning the company as a publisher principally of business information.

- Mazda needs to reposition itself if it is to boost its sales and reputation.

VB

repository

[D.J.:rɪˈpɔzɪˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:]

[K.K.:rɪˈpɑzɪˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

n.

存放处, 储藏室

仓库;宝库

repository *

1. repository repositories
A repository is a place where something is kept safely. (FORMAL)

- A church in Moscow became a repository for police files.

N-COUNT: usu N for n
= store

2. repository repositories
A repository of information is a person or group of people who know a lot of information about a particular place or subject.

- The repository of all important knowledge in a small town was the chief barman of the local pub.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

repository

noun

store

depository

storehouse

treasury

vault

repossess

[D.J.:ˌri:pəˈzes]

[K.K.:ˌripəˈzɛs]

vt.

取回,收回

repossessed

[ˌri:pəˈzest]

adj.

被重新占有的,第二手(旧货)的

repossess *

repossess repossesses repossessing repossessed
If your car or house is repossessed , the people who supplied it take it back because they are still owed money for it.

- His car was repossessed by the company.

- The firm's sales of repossessed properties is up by 40 per cent.

VB: usu passive

repossession

n.

取回,恢复

repossession *

1. repossession repossessions
The repossession of someone's house is the act of repossessing it.

- ...the problem of home repossessions.

- ...families facing repossession of their homes.

N-VAR

2. repossession repossessions
You can refer to a house or car that has been repossessed as a repossession .

- Many of the cars you will see at auction are repossessions.

N-COUNT

repossession order

repossession order repossession orders
If a bank or building society issues a repossession order , they officially tell someone that they are going to repossess their home. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

repot

[ˈri:ˈpɔt]

vt.

移植

repot

repot repots repotting repotted
If you repot a plant, you take it out of its pot and put it in a larger one.

- As your plants flourish, you'll need to repot them in bigger pots.

VB

reprehensible

[D.J.:ˌreprɪˈhensəbəl]

[K.K.:ˌrɛprɪˈhɛnsəbəl]

adj.

应受谴责的

reprehensible

reprehensible
If you think that a type of behaviour or an idea is very bad and morally wrong, you can say that it is reprehensible . (FORMAL)

- Mr Cramer said the violence by anti-government protestors was reprehensible.

- ...behaving in the most reprehensible manner.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

reprehensible

adjective

blameworthy

bad

culpable

disgraceful

shameful

unworthy

represent

[D.J.:ˌrepriˈzent]

[K.K.:ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt]

vt.

表现, 描绘

代表, 象征, 表示

作为…的代表

represent ****

1. represent represents representing represented
If someone such as a lawyer or a politician represents a person or group of people, they act on behalf of that person or group.

- ...the politicians we elect to represent us...

- The offer has yet to be accepted by the lawyers representing the victims.

VB

2. represent represents representing represented
If you represent a person or group at an official event, you go there on their behalf.

- The general secretary may represent the president at official ceremonies.

VB

3. represent represents representing represented
If you represent your country or town in a competition or sports event, you take part in it on behalf of the country or town where you live.

- My only aim is to represent Britain at the Olympics.

VB

4. represent represented
If a group of people or things is well represented in a particular activity or in a particular place, a lot of them can be found there.

- Women are already well represented in the area of TV drama.

- In New Mexico all kinds of cuisines are represented.

V-PASSIVE

5. represent represents representing represented
If you say that something represents a change, achievement, or victory, you mean that it is a change, achievement, or victory. (WRITTEN or FORMAL)

- The pieces on view are not grouped around any one theme, but rather represent superb examples from various periods.

- These developments represented a major change in the established order.

V-LINK
= amount to constitute

6. represent represents represented
If a sign or symbol represents something, it is accepted as meaning that thing.

- ...a black dot in the middle of the circle is supposed to represent the source of the radiation.

VB: no cont
= stand for symbolize

7. represent represents represented
To represent an idea or quality means to be a symbol or an expression of that idea or quality.

- We believe you represent everything British racing needs.

VB: no cont, no passive
= embody

8. represent represents representing represented
If you represent a person or thing as a particular thing, you describe them as being that thing.

- The popular press tends to represent him as an environmental guru.

VB
= depict portray

represent

verb

1.

stand for

act for

betoken

mean

serve as

speak for

symbolize

2.

symbolize

embody

epitomize

exemplify

personify

typify

3.

portray

denote

depict

describe

illustrate

outline

picture

show

representation

[D.J.:ˌreprɪzenˈteɪʃən, -zən-]

[K.K.:ˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteʃən, -zən-]

n.

表现, 表示, 代理

表现…的事物, 图画, 雕塑

representations

[ˌreprizenˈteiʃənz]

n.

陈述；投诉；抗议

representation **

1. representation
If a group or person has representation in a parliament or on a committee, someone in the parliament or on the committee supports them and makes decisions on their behalf.

- Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens but they have no representation in Congress.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N prep
See also proportional representation .

2. representation representations
You can describe a picture, model, or statue of a person or thing as a representation of them. (FORMAL)

- ...a lifelike representation of Christ...

- Historians looked to artists' representations of the lion to piece together a picture of how the lion once looked.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

3. representation representations
If you make representations to a government or other official group, you make formal complaints or requests to them.

- We have made representations to ministers but they just don't seem to be listening.

N-PLURAL: oft N to/from n

representation

noun

portrayal

account

depiction

description

illustration

image

likeness

model

picture

portrait

representational

[D.J.:ˌreprizenˈteiʃənl]

[K.K.:ˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteʃənəl, -zən-]

adj.

代表性的,具象派的

representational

representational
In a representational painting, the artist attempts to show things as they really are. (FORMAL)

- His painting went through both representational and abstract periods.

ADJ-GRADED

representative

[D.J.:ˌrepriˈzentətiv]

[K.K.:ˌrɛprɪˈzɛntətɪv]

n.

代表

代理人

adj.

有代表性的, 典型的

representativeness

典型性

representative ****

1. representative representatives
A representative is a person who has been chosen to act or make decisions on behalf of another person or a group of people.

- ...trade union representatives...

- Employees from each department elect a representative.

N-COUNT
= delegate

2. representative representatives
A representative is a person whose job is to sell a company's products or services, especially by travelling round and visiting other companies. (FORMAL)

- She had a stressful job as a sales representative.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= rep

3. representative
A representative group consists of a small number of people who have been chosen to make decisions on behalf of a larger group.

- The new head of state should be chosen by an 87 member representative council.

- ...the institutions of a representative government.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. representative
Someone who is typical of the group to which they belong can be described as representative .

- He was in no way representative of dog-trainers in general.

- ...fairly representative groups of adults.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of n

5. representativeness

- ...a process designed to ensure the representativeness of the sample interviewed.

N-UNCOUNT

6. representative representatives
In the United States, a Representative is a member of the House of Representatives, the less powerful of the two parts of Congress.
N-COUNT

representative

noun

1.

delegate

agent

deputy

member

proxy

spokesman or spokeswoman

2.

salesman

agent

commercial traveller

rep

adjective

3.

typical

archetypal

characteristic

exemplary

symbolic

repress

[D.J.:rɪˈpres]

[K.K.:rɪˈprɛs]

vt.

抑制,压制;约束

镇压,平息;制止

<心>压抑

vi.

抑制;镇压

repressed

[D.J.:riˈprest]

[K.K.:rɪˈprɛst]

adj.

被抑制的,被压抑的

repressing

再压;补加压力

repress *

1. repress represses repressing repressed
If you repress a feeling, you make a deliberate effort not to show or have this feeling.

- People who repress their emotions risk having nightmares.

- It is anger that is repressed that leads to violence and loss of control.

- ...repressed aggression.

VB
= suppress

2. repress represses repressing repressed
If you repress a smile, sigh, or moan, you try hard not to smile, sigh, or moan.

- He repressed a smile.

- I couldn't repress a sigh of admiration.

VB

3. repress represses repressing repressed
If a section of society is repressed , their freedom is restricted by the people who have authority over them.

- Turkish Kurds have been repressed for decades by the Ankara Government.

- ...a UN resolution banning him from repressing his people.

VB disapproval
= subjugate

repressed

repressed
A repressed person is someone who does not allow themselves to have natural feelings and desires, especially sexual ones.

- Some have charged that the Puritans were sexually repressed and inhibited.

ADJ-GRADED

repress

verb

1.

inhibit

bottle up

check

control

curb

hold back

restrain

stifle

suppress

2.

subdue

quell

subjugate

repression

[D.J.:riˈpreʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈprɛʃən]

n.

压抑; 约束; 抑制; 镇压

repression **

1. repression
Repression is the use of force to restrict and control a society or other group of people.

- ...a society conditioned by violence and repression.

- ...the repressions of the 1930s.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl disapproval
= oppression

2. repression
Repression of feelings, especially sexual ones, is a person's unwillingness to allow themselves to have natural feelings and desires.

- Much of the anger he's felt during his life has stemmed from the repression of his feelings about men.

N-UNCOUNT

repression

noun

subjugation

constraint

control

despotism

domination

restraint

suppression

tyranny

repressive

[D.J.:rɪˈpresɪv]

[K.K.:rɪˈprɛsɪv]

adj.

(法律或其他控制形式)抑制的,镇压的,残暴的

repressive *

1. repressive
A repressive government is one that restricts people's freedom and controls them by using force.

- The military regime in power was unpopular and repressive.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. repressively

- The country, which had been repressively ruled for ten years, became increasingly engulfed in a civil war.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

repressive

adjective

oppressive

absolute

authoritarian

despotic

dictatorial

tyrannical

reprieve

[D.J.:rɪˈpri:v]

[K.K.:rɪˈpriv]

n.

(死刑)缓期执行令

暂缓，暂止

vt.

缓期执行(死刑)

reprieve *

1. reprieve reprieves reprieved
If someone who has been sentenced in a court is reprieved , their punishment is officially delayed or cancelled.

- Fourteen people, waiting to be hanged for the murder of a former prime minister, have been reprieved.

VB: usu passive, no cont

2. reprieve reprieves
Also a noun

- A man awaiting death by lethal injection has been saved by a last minute reprieve.

N-VAR

3. reprieve reprieves
A reprieve is a delay before a very unpleasant or difficult situation which may or may not take place.

- It looked as though the college would have to shut, but this week it was given a reprieve.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= respite

reprieve

verb

1.

grant a stay of execution to

let off the hook slang

pardon

2.

relieve

abate

allay

alleviate

mitigate

palliate

noun

3.

stay of execution

amnesty

deferment

pardon

postponement

remission

4.

relief

alleviation

mitigation

palliation

respite

reprimand

[D.J.:ˈreprəˌmænd]

[K.K.:ˈrɛprəˌmænd]

n.

训斥, 惩戒

vt.

申斥, 惩戒, 谴责

reprimand *

1. reprimand reprimands reprimanding reprimanded
If someone is reprimanded , they are spoken to angrily or seriously for doing something wrong, usually by a person in authority. (FORMAL)

- He was reprimanded by a teacher for talking in the corridor.

- Her attempts to reprimand him were quickly shouted down.

VB
= admonish

2. reprimand reprimands
Also a noun.

- He has been fined five thousand pounds and given a severe reprimand.

N-VAR

reprimand

verb

1.

blame

censure

dress down informal

haul over the coals informal

rap over the knuckles

rebuke

scold

tear (someone) off a strip Brit. informal

noun

2.

blame

censure

dressing-down informal

rebuke

reproach

reproof

talking-to informal

reprint

[D.J.:ˈri:ˌprɪnt]

[K.K.:ˈriˌprɪnt]

n.

重印书, 再版书

vt.

转载

vi.

(书籍)重印, 再版

reprint *

1. reprint reprints reprinting reprinted
If a book is reprinted , further copies of it are printed when all the other ones have been sold.

- It remained an exceptionally rare book until it was reprinted in 1918.

VB: usu passive

2. reprint reprints
A reprint is a process in which new copies of a book or article are printed because all the other ones have been sold.

- Demand picked up and a reprint was required last November.

N-COUNT

3. reprint reprints
A reprint is a new copy of a book or article, printed because all the other ones have been sold or because minor changes have been made to the original.

- ...a reprint of a 1962 novel.

N-COUNT

reprisal

[D.J.:riˈpraizəl]

[K.K.:rɪˈpraɪzəl]

n.

报复(行为)

reprisal *

reprisal reprisals
If you do something to a person in reprisal , you hurt or punish them because they have done something violent or unpleasant to you.

- There were fears that some of the Western hostages might be killed in reprisal.

- Witnesses are unwilling to testify through fear of reprisals.

N-VAR
= retaliation

reprisal

noun

retaliation

retribution

revenge

vengeance

reprise

[D.J.:riˈpraiz]

[K.K.:rɪˈpriz]

n.

重新开始

vt.

重新开始

reprise *

1. reprise reprises
In music, if there is a reprise , an earlier section of music is repeated.
N-COUNT

2. reprise reprises reprising reprised
If someone reprises a role or a song, they play or sing it again. (WRITTEN)

- He then proceeded to play for more than two hours, reprising every one of his hits.

VB

reproach

[D.J.:riˈprəutʃ]

[K.K.:rɪˈprotʃ]

v.

责备

reproach *

1. reproach reproaches reproaching reproached
If you reproach someone, you say or show that you are disappointed, upset, or angry because they have done something wrong.

- She is quick to reproach anyone who doesn't live up to her own high standards.

- She had not even reproached him for breaking his promise.

VB

2. reproach reproaches
If you look at or speak to someone with reproach , you show or say that you are disappointed, upset, or angry because they have done something wrong.

- He looked at her with reproach.

- Women in public life must be beyond reproach.

N-VAR

3. reproach reproaches reproaching reproached
If you reproach yourself, you think with regret about something you have done wrong.

- You've no reason to reproach yourself, no reason to feel shame.

- We begin to reproach ourselves for not having been more careful.

VB
= blame

4. reproach
If you consider someone's actions or behaviour to be a reproach to a group of people, you consider them to be harmful or insulting to that group.

- The shootings and bombings were `a scandal and reproach to all of us in Europe'.

N-SING: usu N to n

reproach

noun

1.

blame

censure

condemnation

disapproval

opprobrium

rebuke

verb

2.

blame

censure

condemn

criticize

lambast(e)

read the riot act

rebuke

reprimand

scold

upbraid

reproachful

[D.J.:rɪˈprəʊtʃfəl]

[K.K.:rɪˈprotʃfəl]

adj.

责备的;斥责的

reproachfully

adv.

reproachfully

[D.J.:rɪˈprəʊtʃfəlɪ]

[K.K.:rɪˈprotʃfəlɪ]

adv.

责备地

reproachful

1. reproachful
Reproachful expressions or remarks show that you are disappointed, upset, or angry because someone has done something wrong.

- She gave Isabelle a reproachful look.

- He turned to Alex and his tone was reproachful.

ADJ-GRADED

2. reproachfully

- Luke's mother stopped smiling and looked reproachfully at him.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

reproachful

adjective

critical

censorious

condemnatory

disapproving

fault-finding

reproving

reprobate

[D.J.:ˈreprəˌbeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈrɛprəˌbet]

n.

道德败坏的人,恶棍

reprobate

reprobate reprobates
If you describe someone as a reprobate , you mean that they behave in a way that is not respectable or morally correct. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Far from being the drunken reprobate of popular legend, they found him punctual and hard-working.

N-COUNT disapproval

reprobate

noun

1.

scoundrel

bad egg old-fashioned informal

blackguard

degenerate

evildoer

miscreant

ne'er-do-well

profligate

rake

rascal

villain

adjective

2.

depraved

abandoned

bad

base

corrupt

degenerate

dissolute

immoral

sinful

wicked

reproduce

[D.J.:ˌri:prəˈdju:s]

[K.K.:ˌriprəˈdus, -ˈdjus]

vt. & vi.

复制; 重现; 再版

生殖, 繁殖

reproducing

再制造

reproduction

[D.J.:ˌri:prəˈdʌkʃən]

[K.K.:ˌriprəˈdʌkʃən]

n.

繁殖,生殖,繁殖方式

复制,再现

复制品

reproduce **

1. reproduce reproduces reproducing reproduced
If you try to reproduce something, you try to copy it.

- I shall not try to reproduce the policemen's English.

- The effect has proved hard to reproduce.

VB
= copy

2. reproduce reproduces reproducing reproduced
If you reproduce a picture, speech, or a piece of writing, you make a photograph or printed copy of it.

- We are grateful to you for permission to reproduce this article.

VB

3. reproduce reproduces reproducing reproduced
If you reproduce an action or an achievement, you repeat it.

- If we can reproduce the form we have shown in the last couple of months we will be successful.

VB
= repeat

4. reproduce reproduces reproducing reproduced
When people, animals, or plants reproduce , they produce young.

- ...a society where women are defined by their ability to reproduce...

- We are reproducing ourselves at such a rate that our numbers threaten the ecology of the planet.

VB
= procreate

5. reproduction

- Genes are those tiny bits of biological information swapped in sexual reproduction.

- ...the acids which are vital for normal cell reproduction.

N-UNCOUNT

reproduction *

1. reproduction reproductions
A reproduction is a copy of something such as a piece of furniture or a work of art.

- ...a reproduction of a popular religious painting.

- ...high-quality reproduction furniture.

N-COUNT: oft N n

2. reproduction
Sound reproduction is the recording of sound onto tapes, CDs, or films so that it can be heard by a large number of people.

- ...the increasingly high technology of music reproduction.

N-UNCOUNT

reproduce

verb

1.

copy

duplicate

echo

imitate

match

mirror

recreate

repeat

replicate

2.

breed

multiply

procreate

propagate

spawn

reproduction

noun

1.

breeding

generation

increase

multiplication

2.

copy

duplicate

facsimile

imitation

picture

print

replica

reproductive

[D.J.:ˌri:prəˈdʌktɪv]

[K.K.:ˌriprəˈdʌktɪv]

adj.

(生物)生殖的

reproductive *

reproductive
Reproductive processes and organs are concerned with the reproduction of living things.

- ...the female reproductive system.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

reproof

[D.J.:rɪˈpru:f]

[K.K.:rɪˈpruf]

n.

<正>责备，责难，指责

reproof

reproof reproofs
If you say or do something in reproof , you say or do it to show that you disapprove of what someone has done or said. (FORMAL)

- She raised her eyebrows in reproof.

- They spoke in tones of gentle reproof.

- ...a reproof that she responded to right away.

N-VAR

reproof

noun

rebuke

blame

censure

condemnation

criticism

reprimand

scolding

reprove

[D.J.:rɪˈpru:v]

[K.K.:rɪˈpruv]

vt.

<正>责骂，指摘，非难

reproving

[D.J.:rɪˈpru:vɪŋ]

[K.K.:rɪˈpruvɪŋ]

adj.

责备的,指摘的

reprovingly

[D.J.:rɪˈpru:vɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:rɪˈpruvɪ ŋlɪ]

adv.

责备地;挑剔地

reprove

reprove reproves reproving reproved
If you reprove someone, you speak angrily or seriously to them because they have behaved in a wrong or foolish way. (FORMAL)

- `There's no call for talk like that,' Mrs Evans reproved him.

- Women were reproved if they did not wear hats in court.

VB
= reprimand admonish

reproving

1. reproving
If you give someone a reproving look or speak in a reproving voice, you show or say that you think they have behaved in a wrong or foolish way. (FORMAL)

- `Flatterer,' she said giving him a mock reproving look.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. reprovingly

- `I'm trying to sleep,' he lied, speaking reprovingly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

reprove

verb

rebuke

berate

blame

censure

condemn

read the riot act

reprimand

scold

tear into informal

tear (someone) off a strip Brit. informal

tell off informal

reptile

[D.J.:ˈreptail]

[K.K.:ˈrɛptɪl, -ˌtaɪl]

n.

爬行动物, 爬虫

reptiles

爬行动物

reptile *

reptile reptiles
Reptiles are a group of cold-blooded animals which have skins covered with small hard plates called scales and lay eggs. Snakes, lizards, and crocodiles are reptiles.
N-COUNT

reptilian

[D.J.:repˈtɪlɪən]

[K.K.:rɛpˈtɪlɪən]

adj.

(像)爬行动物的；(像)爬虫的

卑躬屈节的，卑鄙的，鬼鬼祟祟的

n.

爬虫, 爬行动物; 两栖动物

卑劣的人

reptilian

1. reptilian
A reptilian creature is a reptile.

- ...a prehistoric jungle occupied by reptilian creatures.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. reptilian
You can also use the word reptilian to describe something that is characteristic of a reptile or that is like a reptile.

- The chick hatches after 43-45 days. Dark, ugly and almost reptilian in its appearance.

ADJ

republic

[D.J.:riˈpʌblik]

[K.K.:rɪˈpʌblɪk]

n.

共和国, 共和政体

成员具有平等权利的)团体，界

republic ****

republic republics
A republic is a country where power is held by the people or the representatives that they elect. Republics have presidents who are elected, rather than kings or queens.

- In 1918, Austria became a republic.

- ...the Baltic republics.

- ...the Republic of Ireland.

N-COUNT: oft in names
See also banana republic .

republican

[D.J.:riˈpʌblikən]

[K.K.:rɪˈpʌblɪkən]

adj.

共和国的, 共和政体的

n.

拥护共和政体者, 共和主义者

republican ****

1. republican
Republican means relating to a republic. In republican systems of government, power is held by the people or the representatives that they elect.

- ...the nations that had adopted the republican form of government.

ADJ

2. republican
In the United States, if someone is Republican , they belong to or support the Republican Party.

- Lower taxes made Republican voters happier with their party.

- Some families have been republican for generations.

ADJ

3. republican republicans
A Republican is someone who supports or belongs to the Republican Party.

- What made you decide to become a Republican, as opposed to a Democrat?

N-COUNT

4. republican
In Northern Ireland, if someone is Republican , they believe that Northern Ireland should not be ruled by Britain but should become part of the Republic of Ireland.

- ...a Republican paramilitary group.

ADJ

5. republican republicans
A Republican is someone who has Republican views.

- ...a Northern Ireland republican.

N-COUNT

republicanism

[riˈpʌblikənizəm]

n.

共和主义

republicanism

1. republicanism
Republicanism is the belief that the best system of government is a republic.
N-UNCOUNT

2. republicanism
Republicanism is support for or membership of the Republican Party in the United States.
N-UNCOUNT

Republican Party *

Republican Party
The Republican Party is one of the two main political parties in the United States. It is more right-wing or conservative than the Democratic Party.
N-PROPER

repudiate

[D.J.:rɪˈpju:di:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:rɪˈpjudiˌet]

vt.

拒绝接受, 否认, 否定

拒绝偿付

repudiation

[D.J.:rɪˌpju:di:ˈeɪʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˌpjudiˈeʃən]

n.

拒绝;否认;断绝关系;抛弃

repudiate *

1. repudiate repudiates repudiating repudiated
If you repudiate something or someone, you show that you strongly disagree with them and do not want to be connected with them in any way. (WRITTEN or FORMAL)

- Leaders urged people to turn out in large numbers to repudiate the violence.

- The Prime Minister has repudiated racist remarks made by a member of the Conservative Party.

VB
= reject denounce

2. repudiation repudiations

- He believes his public repudiation of the conference decision will enhance his standing as a leader.

N-VAR
= rejection denunciation

repudiate

verb

reject

deny

disavow

disclaim

disown

renounce

repugnance

[D.J.:rɪˈpʌgnəns]

[K.K.:rɪˈpʌɡnəns]

n.

厌恶,憎恶

抵触,不一致

repugnant

[D.J.:rɪˈpʌgnənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈpʌɡnənt]

adj.

令人厌恶的

矛盾的

repugnant

1. repugnant
If you think that something is horrible and disgusting, you can say that it is repugnant . (FORMAL)

- The odour of vitamin in skin is repugnant to insects.

- The Committee said his actions were improper and repugnant.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
= repellent

2. repugnance

- She felt a deep sense of shame and repugnance.

N-UNCOUNT
= disgust

repugnance

noun

distaste

abhorrence

aversion

disgust

dislike

hatred

loathing

repugnant

adjective

distasteful

abhorrent

disgusting

loathsome

nauseating

offensive

repellent

revolting

sickening

vile

repulse

[D.J.:rɪˈpʌls]

[K.K.:rɪˈpʌls]

vt.

击退

驳斥

拒绝

n.

击败

驳斥

repulse

1. repulse repulses repulsing repulsed
If you are repulsed by something, you think that it is horrible and disgusting and you want to avoid it.

- Evil has charisma. Though people are repulsed by it, they also are drawn to its power.

VB: usu passive
= repel ≠ attract

2. repulse repulses repulsing repulsed
If an army or other group repulses a group of people, they drive it back using force.

- The armed forces were prepared to repulse any attacks.

VB

repulse

verb

1.

drive back

beat off

fight off

rebuff

repel

ward off

2.

rebuff

refuse

reject

snub

spurn

turn down

repulsion

[D.J.:rɪˈpʌlʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈpʌlʃən]

n.

厌恶,反感

<物>推斥,排斥力

repulsion

1. repulsion
Repulsion is an extremely strong feeling of disgust.

- She gave a dramatic shudder of repulsion.

N-UNCOUNT
= revulsion

2. repulsion
Repulsion is a force that pushes two things apart, such as the force that there is in magnets.

- ...the electric repulsion between charged electrons.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ attraction

repulsion

noun

distaste

abhorrence

aversion

detestation

disgust

hatred

loathing

repugnance

revulsion

repulsive

[D.J.:rɪˈpʌlsɪv]

[K.K.:rɪˈpʌlsɪv]

adj.

令人厌恶的,可憎的

repulsively

adv.

repulsively

adv.

冷淡地

repulsive

1. repulsive
If you describe something or someone as repulsive , you mean that they are horrible and disgusting and you want to avoid them.

- ...repulsive fat white slugs.

- ...the most repulsive mass murderer America has known.

ADJ-GRADED
= revolting disgusting

2. repulsively

- He once fired at a repulsively large rat as it dragged itself across the lane.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj

3. repulsive
A repulsive force is a force which pushes away what is around it. (TECHNICAL)

- The repulsive force within the nucleus is enormous.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

repulsive

adjective

disgusting

abhorrent

foul

loathsome

nauseating

repellent

revolting

sickening

vile

reputable

[D.J.:ˈrepjətəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈrɛpjətəbəl]

adj.

值得尊敬的;声誉好的

reputably

adv.

声誉好地

reputably

adv.

好评地,卓越地

reputable *

reputable
A reputable company or person is reliable and can be trusted.

- You are well advised to buy your car through a reputable dealer.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= reliable

reputable

adjective

respectable

creditable

excellent

good

honourable

reliable

trustworthy

well-thought-of

worthy

reputation

[D.J.:ˌrepjuˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛpjəˈteʃən]

n.

名气, 名声, 名誉

reputation ***

1. reputation reputations
To have a reputation for something means to be known or remembered for it.

- Alice Munro has a reputation for being a very depressing writer.

- ...Barcelona's reputation as a design-conscious, artistic city.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. reputation reputations
Something's or someone's reputation is the opinion that people have about how good they are. If they have a good reputation, people think they are good.

- This college has a good academic reputation.

- The stories ruined his reputation.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. reputation
If you know someone by reputation , you have never met them but you have heard of their reputation.

- She was by reputation a good organiser.

PHR

reputation

noun

estimation

character

esteem

name

renown

repute

standing

stature

repute

[D.J.:rɪˈpju:t]

[K.K.:rɪˈpjut]

n.

名气;美名;声望;名誉

vt.

把…称为,认为

repute

1. repute
A person or thing of repute or of high repute is respected and known to be good. (FORMAL)

- He was a writer of repute.

- Chicago has 6 graduate and professional schools of high repute.

PHR: n PHR

2. repute
A person's or organization's repute is their reputation, especially when this is good. (FORMAL)

- Under his stewardship, the UN's repute has risen immeasurably.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
= reputation

3. repute
If you know someone by repute , you have never met them but you have heard or read about them. (FORMAL)

- I only knew him by repute.

PHR
= by reputation

repute

noun

reputation

celebrity

distinction

eminence

fame

name

renown

standing

stature

reputed

[D.J.:rɪˈpju:tɪd]

[K.K.:rɪˈpjutɪd]

adj.

号称的;认为的

reputedly

[riˈpju:tidli]

adv.

据说,根据风评

reputed *

1. reputed
If you say that something is reputed to be true, you mean that people say it is true, but you do not know if it is definitely true. (FORMAL)

- The monster, which is reputed to live in the deep dark water of a Scottish loch.

V-PASSIVE vagueness

2. reputedly

- He reputedly earns two million pounds a year.

- Both women have dramatic dark looks and, reputedly, fiery temperaments.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV before v

reputed

adjective

supposed

alleged

believed

considered

deemed

estimated

held

reckoned

regarded

reputedly

adverb

supposedly

allegedly

apparently

seemingly

request

[D.J.:riˈkwest]

[K.K.:rɪˈkwɛst]

n.

要求, 请求

所请求的事物

vt.

请求, 要求

requested

被请求的

request ****

1. request requests requesting requested
If you request something, you ask for it politely or formally. (FORMAL)

- Mr Dennis said he had requested access to a telephone.

- She had requested that the door to her room be left open.

VB

2. request requests requesting requested
If you request someone to do something, you politely or formally ask them to do it. (FORMAL)

- They requested him to leave.

- Students are requested to park at the rear of the Department.

VB

3. request requests
If you make a request , you politely or formally ask someone to do something.

- France had agreed to his request for political asylum.

- Vietnam made an official request that the meeting be postponed.

N-COUNT: oft N for n, N that/to-inf

4. request requests
A request is a song or piece of music which someone has asked a performer or disc jockey to play.

- If you have any requests, I'd be happy to play them for you.

N-COUNT

5. request
If you do something at someone's request , you do it because they have asked you to.

- The evacuation is being organised at the request of the United Nations Secretary General.

PHR

6. request
If something is given or done on request , it is given or done whenever you ask for it.

- Leaflets giving details are available on request.

- Chambermaids will bring an iron or hair dryer on request.

PHR

request

verb

1.

ask (for)

appeal for

demand

desire

entreat

invite

seek

solicit

noun

2.

asking

appeal

call

demand

desire

entreaty

suit

requiem

[D.J.:ˈrekwi:əm, ˈri:kwi:-]

[K.K.:ˈrɛkwiəm, ˈrikwi-]

n.

(天主教)安魂弥撒仪式,安魂曲

requiem *

1. requiem requiems
A requiem or a requiem mass is a Catholic church service in memory of someone who has recently died.
N-COUNT

2. requiem requiems
A requiem is a piece of music for singers and musicians that can be performed either as part of a requiem mass or as part of a concert.

- ...a performance of Verdi's Requiem.

N-COUNT: oft in names

require

[D.J.:riˈkwaiə]

[K.K.:rɪˈkwaɪr]

vt.

有赖于…; 需要

命令, 指示

要求, 规定

想要

required

[D.J.:rɪˈkwaɪəd]

[K.K.:rɪˈkwaɪrd]

adj.

必须的;<美>(学科)必修的

require ****

1. require requires requiring required
If you require something or if something is required , you need it or it is necessary. (FORMAL)

- If you require further information, you should consult the registrar.

- This isn't the kind of crisis that requires us to drop everything else.

- Some of the materials required for this technique may be difficult to obtain.

VB
= need

2. require requires requiring required
If a law or rule requires you to do something, you have to do it. (FORMAL)

- The rules also require employers to provide safety training.

- At least 35 manufacturers have flouted a law requiring prompt reporting of such malfunctions.

- The law now requires that parents serve on the committees that plan and evaluate school programs.

- Then he'll know exactly what's required of him.

VB

3. require
If you say that something is required reading for a particular group of people, you mean that you think it is essential for them to read it because it will give them information which they should have.

- ...an important research study that should be required reading for every member of the cabinet.

PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR for n

require

verb

1.

need

crave

desire

lack

miss

want

wish

2.

demand

ask

bid

call upon

command

compel

exact

insist upon

oblige

order

required

adjective

needed

called for

essential

necessary

obligatory

requisite

requirement

[D.J.:riˈkwaiəmənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈkwaɪrmənt]

n.

要求, 必要条件

需要, 需要的东西

requirements

调整需要量

requirement ***

1. requirement requirements
A requirement is a quality or qualification that you must have in order to be allowed to do something or to be suitable for something.

- Its products met all legal requirements.

- Graduate status is the minimum requirement for entry to the teaching profession.

- I knew that concentration was the first requirement for learning.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. requirement requirements
Your requirements are the things that you need. (FORMAL)

- Variations of this programme can be arranged to suit your requirements.

- ...a packaged food which provides 100 percent of your daily requirement of one vitamin.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp

requirement

noun

necessity

demand

essential

lack

must

need

prerequisite

stipulation

want

requisite

[D.J.:ˈrekwɪzɪt]

[K.K.:ˈrɛkwɪzɪt]

n.

必要的事物

adj.

需要的, 必要的

requisite *

1. requisite
You can use requisite to indicate that something is necessary for a particular purpose. (FORMAL)

- She filled in the requisite paperwork.

ADJ: usu the ADJ n
= required

2. requisite requisites
A requisite is something which is necessary for a particular purpose. (FORMAL)

- An understanding of accounting techniques is a major requisite for the work of the analysts.

- ...his little bag of hunting requisites.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

requisite

adjective

1.

necessary

called for

essential

indispensable

needed

needful

obligatory

required

noun

2.

necessity

condition

essential

must

need

prerequisite

requirement

requisition

[D.J.:ˌrekwɪˈzɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛkwɪˈzɪʃən]

n.

征用；(财产或材料的正式)征用令

申请书

vt.

征用,征发

requisitioning

[ˌrekwiˈziʃəniŋ]

n.

征用

requisition

1. requisition requisitions requisitioning requisitioned
If people in authority requisition a vehicle, building, or food, they formally demand it and take it for official use. (FORMAL)

- Authorities requisitioned hotel rooms to lodge more than 3,000 stranded Christmas vacationers.

VB
= commandeer

2. requisition requisitions
A requisition is a written document which allows a person or organization to obtain goods.

- ...a requisition for a replacement typewriter.

N-COUNT

requisition

verb

1.

demand

call for

request

noun

2.

demand

call

request

summons

re-route

vt.

按不同路线发送,改道发送

re-route

re-route re-routes re-routing re-routed
If vehicles or planes are re-routed , they are directed along a different route because the usual route cannot be used.

- The heavy traffic was re-routed past my front door.

- They rerouted the planes at La Guardia airport.

VB also reroute .
= redirect

re-run *

1. re-run
If you say that something is a re-run of a particular event or experience, you mean that what happens now is very similar to what happened in the past.

- It was the world's second worst air disaster, a horrific re-run of the runway collision in 1977.

- It seems likely that this year will see a re-run of last year's fight over the elementary-school budget.

N-SING: N of n The spelling rerun is also used.
= repeat

2. re-run re-runs re-running re-ran
If someone re-runs a process or event, they do it or organize it again.

- Edit the input text and re-run the software.

- He re-ran in his mind his conversation with Smith.

VB The spelling rerun is also used. The form re-run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb.

3. re-run re-runs
Also a noun.

- In the re-run he failed to make the final at all, finishing sixth.

N-COUNT The spelling rerun is also used.

4. re-run re-runs re-running re-ran
If an election is re-run , it is organized again, for example because the correct procedures were not followed or because no candidate got a large enough majority.

- The ballot was re-run on Mr Todd's insistence after accusations of malpractice.

VB: usu passive The spelling rerun is also used. The form re-run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb.
= repeat

5. re-run re-runs
Also a noun.

- The opposition has demanded a re-run of parliamentary elections held yesterday.

N-COUNT: oft N of n The spelling rerun is also used.

6. re-run re-runs re-running re-ran
To re-run a film, play, or television programme means to show it or put it on again.

- In honour of Jane Fonda's visit they re-ran one of her films at the cinema.

VB The spelling rerun is also used. The form re-run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb.

7. re-run re-runs
A re-run is a film, play, or television programme that is shown or put on again.

- Viewers will have to make do with tired re-runs and second-rate movies.

- Thames television announced a re-run of the Benny Hill Show.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n The spelling rerun is also used.
= repeat

resale

[D.J.:ˌri:ˈseil]

[K.K.:ˈriˌsel, riˈsel]

n.

再卖

resale

resale
The resale price of something that you own is the amount of money that you would get if you sold it.

- ...a well-maintained used car with a good resale value.

N-UNCOUNT: N n

resat

resit的过去式和过去分词

resit

[ˈri:sit]

v.

〈英〉(尤指考试不及格后)再参加(考试);(考试不及格后)再考,重考

resitting

[ri:ˈsitiŋ]

n.

再次开会,再次开庭

resat

resat
Resat is the past tense and past participle of resit .

resit

1. resit resits resitting resat
If someone resits a test or examination, they take it again, usually because they failed the first time. (BRIT; in AM use retake )

- This year, Jim is resitting the exams he failed.

- If they fail, they can often resit the next year.

VB
= retake

2. resit resits
Also a noun.

- He failed his First Year exams and didn't bother about the resits.

N-COUNT
= retake

reschedule

[D.J.:riˈskedʒul]

[K.K.:riˈskɛdʒul]

vt.

重订时间表

rescheduling

重安排

reschedule *

1. reschedule reschedules rescheduling rescheduled
If someone reschedules an event, they change the time at which it is supposed to happen.

- Since I'll be away, I'd like to reschedule the meeting.

- They've rescheduled the vigil for February 14th.

- The programme was rescheduled to 9.30pm by Alan Yentob, controller of BBC1.

VB

2. rescheduling reschedulings

- All this could lead up to a rescheduling of the trip to Asia.

N-VAR: usu N of n

3. reschedule reschedules rescheduling rescheduled
To reschedule a debt means to arrange for the person, organization, or country that owes money to pay it back over a longer period because they are in financial difficulty.

- ...companies that have gone bust or had to reschedule their debts...

- The Commonwealth Development Corporation has agreed to reschedule Tanzania's debt.

VB

4. rescheduling

- The President is also expected to request a rescheduling of loan repayments.

N-VAR: usu N of n

rescind

[D.J.:rɪˈsɪnd]

[K.K.:rɪˈsɪnd]

vt.

废除;取消

rescind *

rescind rescinds rescinding rescinded
If a government or a group of people in power rescind a law or agreement, they officially withdraw it and state that it is no longer valid. (FORMAL)

- Trade Union leaders have demanded the government rescind the price rise.

VB

rescind

verb

annul

cancel

countermand

declare null and void

invalidate

repeal

set aside

rescue

[D.J.:ˈreskju:]

[K.K.:ˈrɛskju]

n.

营救, 救援

营救[救援]行动

vt.

营救, 救援; 使免遭损失

rescuer

n.

救助者

rescue ***

1. rescue rescues rescuing rescued
If you rescue someone, you get them out of a dangerous or unpleasant situation.

- Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building.

- He had rescued her from a horrible life.

VB

2. rescuer rescuers

- It took rescuers 90 minutes to reach the trapped men.

N-COUNT

3. rescue
Rescue is help which gets someone out of a dangerous or unpleasant situation.

- Lights clipped onto life jackets improve the chances of rescue.

- A big rescue operation has been launched for a trawler missing in the English Channel.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

4. rescue rescues
A rescue is an attempt to save someone from a dangerous or unpleasant situation.

- A major air-sea rescue is under way.

- Five children were pulled from the smoke-filled house in heroic rescues by fire crews.

N-COUNT

5. rescue
If you go to someone's rescue or come to their rescue , you help them when they are in danger or difficulty.

- The 23-year-old's screams alerted a passerby who went to her rescue.

- The crisis puts strong political pressure on the state government to come to the rescue.

PHR: V inflects

rescue

verb

1.

save

deliver

get out

liberate

recover

redeem

release

salvage

noun

2.

liberation

deliverance

recovery

redemption

release

salvage

salvation

saving

research

[D.J.:riˈsə:tʃ]

[K.K.:rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ]

n.

研究; 探讨

vi.

做研究, 探究, 研究, 探讨

vt.

从事…的研究, 为…而做研究

researcher

[D.J.:rɪˈsɜ:tʃə(r)]

[K.K.: rɪˈsə..tʃɚ]

n.

研究员;调查者

researches

研究报告;研究工作

research *****

1. research
Research is work that involves studying something and trying to discover facts about it.

- 65 percent of the 1987 budget went for nuclear weapons research and production.

- ...cancer research.

- ...his researches into which kinds of flowers bees get their best honey from.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

2. research researches researching researched
If you research something, you try to discover facts about it.

- She spent two years in South Florida researching and filming her documentary.

- So far we haven't been able to find anything, but we're still researching.

VB

3. researcher researchers

- He chose to join the company as a market researcher.

N-COUNT

research

noun

1.

investigation

analysis

examination

exploration

probe

study

verb

2.

investigate

analyse

examine

explore

probe

study

research fellow

research fellow research fellows
A research fellow is a member of an academic institution whose job is to do research.
N-COUNT

resell

[D.J.:ˈri:ˈsel]

[K.K.:ˈriˈsɛl]

vt.

再卖,转售

resold

resell的过去式及过去分词

resell

resell resells reselling resold
If you resell something that you have bought, you sell it again.

- Shopkeepers buy them in bulk and resell them for £150 each.

- It makes sense to buy at dealer prices so you can maximize your profits if you resell.

VB

resold

resold
Resold is the past tense and past participle of resell .

resemblance

[D.J.:riˈzembləns]

[K.K.:rɪˈzɛmbləns]

n.

相似, 形似

resemblance *

resemblance resemblances
If there is a resemblance between two people or things, they are similar to each other.

- There was a remarkable resemblance between him and Pete.

- Our tour prices bore little resemblance to those in the holiday brochures.

N-VAR: oft adj N, N between/to n
= likeness similarity

resemblance

noun

similarity

correspondence

kinship

likeness

parallel

sameness

similitude

resemble

[D.J.:riˈzembl]

[K.K.:rɪˈzɛmbəl]

vt.

像…, 类似于

resemble **

resemble resembles resembled
If one thing or person resembles another, they are similar to each other.

- Some of the commercially produced venison resembles beef in flavour.

- She so resembles her mother.

VB: no cont

resemble

verb

be like

bear a resemblance to

be similar to

look like

mirror

parallel

resent

[D.J.:riˈzent]

[K.K.:rɪˈzɛnt]

vt.

对…感到愤怒

resent **

resent resents resenting resented
If you resent someone or something, you feel bitter and angry about them.

- She resents her mother for being so tough on her.

- I resent being dependent on her.

VB

resent

verb

be bitter about

begrudge

grudge

object to

take exception to

take offence at

resentful

[D.J.:rɪˈzentfəl]

[K.K.:rɪˈzɛntfəl]

adj.

感到愤恨的, 表示愤恨的, 憎恨的

resentfully

adv.

充满愤恨地

resentful *

1. resentful
If you are resentful , you feel resentment.

- At first I felt very resentful and angry about losing my job.

- He turned away in sullen, resentful silence.

ADJ-GRADED
= aggrieved angry

2. resentfully

- For a moment she continued to look at him resentfully.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

resentful

adjective

bitter

angry

embittered

grudging

indignant

miffed informal

offended

piqued

resentment

[D.J.:rɪˈzentmənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈzɛntmənt]

n.

(因受虐待而)愤恨,不满,怨恨

resentment **

resentment
Resentment is bitterness and anger that someone feels about something.

- She expressed resentment at being interviewed by a social worker.

- But the problems of inflation and unemployment still cause a lot of resentment.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
= anger bitterness

resentment

noun

bitterness

animosity

bad blood

grudge

ill feeling

ill will

indignation

pique

rancour

umbrage

reservation

[D.J.:ˌrezəˈveiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛzɚˈveʃən]

n.

保留的座位[住处]等; 预订

保留意见; 保留态度

(美洲印第安部落的)居留地

reservation **

1. reservation reservations
If you have reservations about something, you are not sure that it is entirely good or right.

- I told him my main reservation about his film was the ending.

- After three days, the strikers' demands were met almost without reservation.

N-VAR: oft N about n

2. reservation reservations
If you make a reservation , you arrange for something such as a table in a restaurant or a room in a hotel to be kept for you.

- He went to the desk to enquire and make a reservation.

- Accommodation is restricted so a reservation is essential.

N-COUNT
= booking

3. reservation reservations
A reservation is an area of land that is kept separate for a particular group of people to live in.

- Seventeen thousand Indians live in Arizona on a reservation.

N-COUNT

reservation

noun

1.

doubt

hesitancy

scruple

2.

condition

proviso

qualification

rider

stipulation

3.

reserve

preserve

sanctuary

territory

reserve

[D.J.:riˈzə:v]

[K.K.:rɪˈzɚv]

vt.

保留[储备]某物

具有或保持(某种权利)

预订或保留(座位、住处等); 订购

n.

贮藏; 储备

保护区

矜持, 拘谨; 寡言

reserved

[D.J.:rɪˈzɜ:vd]

[K.K.:rɪˈzə..vd]

adj.

预定的,保留的

说话不多的;不苟言笑的；矜持的；含蓄的

reservedly

adv.

预定地,保留地

说话不多地,不苟言笑地

reservedly

adv.

客气地,隔阂地

reserves

n.

储量

reserve ****

1. reserve reserves reserving reserved
If something is reserved for a particular person or purpose, it is kept specially for that person or purpose.

- A double room with a balcony overlooking the sea had been reserved for him.

- In the United States lanes are reserved for cars with more than one occupant.

VB: usu passive
= set aside

2. reserve reserves reserving reserved
If you reserve something such as a table, ticket, or magazine, you arrange for it to be kept specially for you, rather than sold or given to someone else.

- I'll reserve a table for five.

- Demand will be huge, so ask your newsagent to reserve your copy today.

VB

3. reserve reserves
A reserve is a supply of something that is available for use when it is needed.

- The Gulf has 65 per cent of the world's oil reserves.

- A friend can be a reserve of help in times of trouble.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. reserve reserves
In sports, a reserve is someone who is available to play as part of a team if one of the members is ill or cannot play. (mainly BRIT; in AM use substitute )

- He ended up as a reserve, but still qualified for a team gold medal.

N-COUNT
= substitute

5. reserve reserves
A nature reserve is an area of land where the animals, birds, and plants are officially protected.

- Marine biologists are calling for Cardigan Bay to be created a marine nature reserve to protect the dolphins.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

6. reserve
If someone shows reserve , they keep their feelings hidden.

- The subject is one which must be discussed with reserve.

- I do hope that you'll overcome your reserve and let me know.

N-UNCOUNT

7. reserve
If you have something in reserve , you have it available for use when it is needed.

- He poked around the top of his cupboard for the bottle of whisky that he kept in reserve.

- There were patrol cars on the streets and riot police standing by in reserve.

PHR: PHR after v

8. reserve reserves
A military reserve is a group of soldiers who are ready to join a military operation if they are needed.
N-COUNT

reserved **

1. reserved
Someone who is reserved keeps their feelings hidden.

- He was unemotional, quite quiet, and reserved.

- Even though I'm quite a reserved person, I like meeting people.

ADJ-GRADED
= aloof

2. reserved
A table in a restaurant or a seat in a theatre that is reserved is being kept for someone rather than given or sold to anyone else.

- Seats, or sometimes entire tables, were reserved.

ADJ

reserve

verb

1.

keep

hoard

hold

put by

retain

save

set aside

stockpile

store

2.

book

engage

prearrange

secure

noun

3.

store

cache

fund

hoard

reservoir

savings

stock

supply

4.

reservation

park

preserve

sanctuary

tract

5.

shyness

constraint

reservation

restraint

reticence

secretiveness

silence

taciturnity

adjective

6.

substitute

auxiliary

extra

fall-back

secondary

spare

reserved

adjective

1.

uncommunicative

restrained

reticent

retiring

secretive

shy

silent

standoffish

taciturn

undemonstrative

2.

set aside

booked

engaged

held

kept

restricted

retained

spoken for

taken

reserve price

reserve price reserve prices
A reserve price is the lowest price which is acceptable to the owner of property being auctioned or sold. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

reservist

[D.J.:riˈzə:vist]

[K.K.:rɪˈzɚvɪst]

n.

预备役军人

reservist *

reservist reservists
Reservists are soldiers who are not serving in the regular army of a country, but who can be called to serve whenever they are needed.
N-COUNT

reservoir

[D.J.:ˈrezəvwɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈrɛzɚˌvwɑr, -ˌvwɔr, -ˌvɔr]

n.

水库

储藏, 汇集

reservoir **

1. reservoir reservoirs
A reservoir is a lake that is used for storing water before it is supplied to people.
N-COUNT

2. reservoir reservoirs
A reservoir of something is a large quantity of it that is available for use when needed.

- ...the huge oil reservoir beneath the Kuwaiti desert.

- ...the body's short-term reservoir of energy.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n, adj N

reservoir

noun

1.

lake

basin

pond

tank

2.

store

pool

reserves

source

stock

supply

reset

[D.J.:ˌri:ˈset]

[K.K.:riˈsɛt]

vt.

重新安放或安置

重拨(测量仪器指针)

为(考试、测试等)出一套新题

resetting

复位;重复定位;重新给定;重新接入

reset *

1. reset resets resetting
If you reset a machine or device, you adjust or set it, so that it is ready to work again or ready to perform a particular function.

- As soon as you arrive at your destination, step out of the aircraft and reset your wrist-watch.

VB The form reset is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. reset resets resetting
If a doctor resets a broken bone, they put it back into its correct position.

- He is recovering from an operation to reset his arm.

VB The form reset is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

resettle

[D.J.:ˌri:ˈsetl]

vt. & vi.

帮助(尤指难民)定居他国

vt.

使(土地、地区等)重新成为定居点

resettle *

resettle resettles resettling resettled
If people are resettled by a government or organization, or if people resettle , they move to a different place to live because they are no longer able or allowed to stay in the area where they used to live.

- The refugees were put in camps in Italy before being resettled.

- In 1990, 200,000 Soviet Jews resettled on Israeli territory.

V-ERG

resettlement

n.

再定居,重新安置

resettlement *

resettlement
Resettlement is the process of moving people to a different place to live, because they are no longer allowed to stay in the area where they used to live.

- Only refugees are eligible for resettlement abroad.

- ...the forcible resettlement of villagers from the countryside into towns.

- ...resettlement agencies.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

reshape

[D.J.:ˌri:ˈʃeip]

[K.K.:riˈʃep]

vt.

改变…的形状[结构]; 重塑; 改组

reshaping

整形

reshape *

1. reshape reshapes reshaping reshaped
To reshape something means to change its structure or organization.

- If they succeed on Europe, then they will have reshaped the political and economic map of the world.

- Recession has simply accelerated changes that have been reshaping the industry anyway.

VB

2. reshaping

- This thesis led to a radical reshaping of Labour policies.

N-SING: also no det, usu N of n

reshuffle

[D.J.:ri:ˈʃʌfəl]

[K.K.:riˈʃʌfəl]

vt.

对(某集体)作岗位或职责的调整,改组(某集团)

vt. & vi.

重新洗(牌)

n.

改组(尤指政治组织)

reshuffle *

1. reshuffle reshuffles reshuffling reshuffled
When a political leader reshuffles the ministers in a government, he or she changes their jobs so that some of the ministers change their responsibilities. (mainly BRIT)

- The prime minister told reporters this morning that he plans to reshuffle his entire cabinet.

VB
= reorganize

2. reshuffle reshuffles
Also a noun.

- The Prime Minister is expected to announce details of a government reshuffle later today.

- He has carried out a partial cabinet reshuffle.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

reshuffle

noun

1.

reorganization

change

rearrangement

redistribution

regrouping

restructuring

revision

verb

2.

reorganize

change around

rearrange

redistribute

regroup

restructure

revise

reside

[D.J.:riˈzaid]

[K.K.:rɪˈzaɪd]

vi.

居住; 定居

reside *

1. reside resides residing resided
If someone resides somewhere, they live there or are staying there. (FORMAL)

- Margaret resides with her invalid mother in a London suburb.

- All single full-time students must reside in university residence halls.

VB
= live

2. reside resides resided
If a quality resides in something, the thing has that quality. (FORMAL)

- Happiness does not reside in strength or money.

- The military is based on the principle that the ultimate authority resides in the armed forces.

VB: no cont

reside

verb

live

abide

dwell

inhabit

lodge

stay

residence

[D.J.:ˈrezidəns]

[K.K.:ˈrɛzɪdəns, -ˌdɛns]

n.

住处; 住宅; 公馆

居住; 居留期间

residence **

1. residence residences
A residence is a house where people live. (FORMAL)

- The house is currently run as a country house hotel, but could easily convert back into a private residence.

- She travels constantly, moving among her several residences around the world.

N-COUNT
= home house

2. residence
Your place of residence is the place where you live. (FORMAL)

- The were significant differences among women based on age, place of residence and educational levels.

N-UNCOUNT

3. residence
Someone's residence in a particular place is the fact that they live there or that they are officially allowed to live there.

- They had entered the country and had applied for permanent residence.

- She moved out of 28 Barbary Lane to take up residence in a house in Pacific Heights.

N-UNCOUNT

4. residence
If someone is in residence in a particular place, they are living there.

- Windsor is open to visitors when the Royal Family is not in residence.

PHR: v-link PHR

5. residence
An artist or writer in residence is one who teaches in an institution such as a university or theatre company.

- Wakoski is writer in residence at Michigan State University.

- ...former Chicago Symphony composer in residence, John Corliano.

PHR: n PHR

residence

noun

home

abode

domicile

dwelling

flat

habitation

house

lodging

place

residency

[D.J.:ˈrezɪdənsi:, -ˌden-]

[K.K.:ˈrɛzɪdənsi, -ˌdɛn-]

n.

(作家、诗人、艺术家等在某个大学或机构工作时的)驻留时间, 驻留期

(音乐人、流行音乐节目主持人在夜总会等地的)驻留演出期

定居权

(实习医师的)高级专科住院实习期

住所

residency *

1. residency
Someone's residency in a particular place, especially in a country, is the fact that they live there or that they are officially allowed to live there.

- He applied for British residency.

- Foreigners found without residency cards can be fined or imprisoned.

N-UNCOUNT

2. residency residencies
A doctor's residency is the period of specialized training in a hospital that he or she receives after leaving university. (AM)

- He completed his pediatric residency at Stanford University Hospital.

N-COUNT

resident

[D.J.:ˈrezidənt]

[K.K.:ˈrɛzɪdənt, -ˌdɛnt]

adj.

定居的; 常驻的

n.

居民

(旅馆的)住宿者

resident ****

1. resident residents
The residents of a house or area are the people who live there.

- The Archbishop called upon the government to build more low cost homes for local residents.

- More than 10 percent of Munich residents live below the poverty line.

N-COUNT: usu pl, with supp

2. resident
Someone who is resident in a country or a town lives there.

- He moved to Belgium in 1990 to live with his son, who had been resident in Brussels since 1967.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ in n

3. resident
A resident doctor or teacher lives in the place where he or she works. (BRIT)

- The morning after your arrival, you meet with the resident physician for a private consultation.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= live-in

4. resident residents
A resident or a resident doctor is a doctor who is receiving a period of specialized training in a hospital after leaving university. (AM)
N-COUNT

5. resident
If an institution has a resident specialist, that specialist works for the institution.

- Having begun her career at Gray's Pottery, she stayed there as resident designer for seven years.

ADJ: ADJ n

resident

noun

inhabitant

citizen

local

lodger

occupant

tenant

residential

[D.J.:ˌreziˈdenʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl]

adj.

住宅的, 适于作住宅的

与居住有关的

residential **

1. residential
A residential area contains houses rather than offices or factories.

- He was born in Kensington, West London, then a smart residential area of large terrace houses.

- Fontbonne is a liberal arts college, located in a residential suburb of St. Louis.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. residential
A residential institution is one where people live while they are studying there or being cared for there.

- Training involves a two-year residential course.

- She works as an officer in charge of a residential home for children with disabilities.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

residents' association

residents' association residents' associations
A residents' association is an organization of people who live in a particular area. Residents' associations have meetings and take action to make the area more pleasant to live in.
N-COUNT

residual

[D.J.:rɪˈzɪdʒu:əl]

[K.K.:rɪˈzɪdʒuəl]

adj.

存留下来的;剩余的;残余的

residual *

residual
Residual is used to describe what remains of something when most of it has gone.

- ...residual radiation from nuclear weapons testing...

- Turn the hotplate off and allow the residual heat to keep the mixture simmering.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

residual

adjective

remaining

leftover

unconsumed

unused

vestigial

residue

[D.J.:ˈrezɪˌdu:, -ˌdju:]

[K.K.:ˈrɛzɪˌdu, -ˌdju]

n.

剩余,余渣

<律>剩余财产

residue *

residue residues
A residue of something is a small amount that remains after most of it has gone.

- Always using the same shampoo means that a residue can build up on the hair.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

residue

noun

remainder

dregs

excess

extra

leftovers

remains

remnant

rest

surplus

resign

[riˈzain]

vt. & vi.

辞职, 放弃

resigned

[D.J.:rɪˈzaɪnd]

[K.K.:rɪˈzaɪnd]

adj.

已辞职的，已放弃的

顺从的,听从的

resignedly

adv.

顺从地,听从地

resignedly

adv.

听从地,服从地

resign ***

1. resign resigns resigning resigned
If you resign from a job or position, you formally announce that you are leaving it.

- A hospital administrator has resigned over claims he lied to get the job.

- Mr Robb resigned his position last month.

VB
= quit

2. resign resigns resigning resigned
If you resign yourself to an unpleasant situation or fact, you accept it because you realize that you cannot change it.

- Pat and I resigned ourselves to yet another summer without a boat.

- He had resigned himself to watching the European Championships on television.

VB
= reconcile

resigned **

1. resigned
If you are resigned to an unpleasant situation or fact, you accept it without complaining because you realize that you cannot change it.

- He is resigned to the noise, the mess, the constant upheaval.

- Pauline was already resigned to losing her home.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to n/-ing
= reconciled

2. resignedly

- `I know you don't believe me,' I said resignedly.

ADV: ADV with v

resign

verb

1.

quit

abdicate

give in one's notice

leave

step down informal

vacate

2.

give up

abandon

forgo

forsake

relinquish

renounce

surrender

yield

resign oneself

3.

accept

acquiesce

give in

submit

succumb

yield

resigned

adjective

stoical

compliant

long-suffering

patient

subdued

unresisting

resignation

[D.J.:ˌrezɪgˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛzɪɡˈneʃən]

n.

辞职

辞职书

顺从, 听从

resignation ***

1. resignation resignations
Your resignation is a formal statement of your intention to leave a job or position.

- Mr Morgan has offered his resignation and it has been accepted.

- The minister has agreed to withdraw his letter of resignation.

N-VAR: usu with poss

2. resignation
Resignation is the acceptance of an unpleasant situation or fact because you realize that you cannot change it.

- There was no grief in his expression, only deep resignation.

- He sighed with profound resignation.

N-UNCOUNT

resignation

noun

1.

leaving

abandonment

abdication

departure

2.

endurance

acceptance

acquiescence

compliance

nonresistance

passivity

patience

submission

sufferance

resilience

[D.J.:rɪˈzɪljəns]

[K.K.:rɪˈzɪljəns]

n.

弹回;弹性

恢复力；适应力

resilient

[D.J.:rɪˈzɪljənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈzɪljənt]

adj.

(指物体或材料)能复原的;有弹性的;有弹力的

(指人的性格)能迅速恢复或重新振作的;达观的;适应性强的

resilient *

1. resilient
Something that is resilient is strong and not easily damaged by being hit, stretched, or squeezed.

- Cotton is more resistant to being squashed and polyester is more resilient.

- ...an armchair of some resilient plastic material.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

2. resilience

- Do you feel that your muscles do not have the strength and resilience that they should have?

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

3. resilient
People and things that are resilient are able to recover easily and quickly from unpleasant or damaging events.

- George Fraser was clearly a good soldier, calm and resilient.

- When the U.S. stock market collapsed in October 1987, the Japanese stock market was the most resilient.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

4. resilience

- ...the resilience of human beings to fight after they've been attacked.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

resilient

adjective

1.

tough

buoyant

hardy

irrepressible

strong

2.

flexible

elastic

plastic

pliable

rubbery

springy

supple

resin

[D.J.:ˈrezɪn]

[K.K.:ˈrɛzɪn]

n.

树脂,松香

resin *

1. resin resins
Resin is a sticky substance that is produced by some trees.

- ...a tropical tree which is bled regularly for its resin.

N-MASS

2. resin resins
Resin is a substance that is produced chemically and used to make plastics.

- Two of the lorries, carrying industrial resin and paint thinner, burst into flames.

N-MASS

resinous

[ˈrezinəs]

adj.

树脂质的,含树脂的,用树脂做的

resinous

resinous
Something that is resinous is like resin or contains resin.

- Propolis is a hard resinous substance made by bees from the juices of plants.

- ...great resinous logs burning in the wide hearth.

ADJ-GRADED

resist

[D.J.:riˈzist]

[K.K.:rɪˈzɪst]

vt. & vi.

使用武力阻止(某事)发生[取得成功]; 抵抗; 对抗

vt.

不受(某事物的)损害[影响]; 抗; 耐

不屈从(某事物或某人); 经得住

resist ***

1. resist resists resisting resisted
If you resist something such as a change, you refuse to accept it and try to prevent it.

- The Prime Minister says she will resist a single European currency being imposed.

- They resisted our attempts to modernize the distribution of books.

VB
= oppose

2. resist resists resisting resisted
If you resist someone or resist an attack by them, you fight back against them.

- The man was shot outside his house as he tried to resist arrest.

- When she had attempted to cut his nails he resisted.

VB

3. resist resists resisting resisted
If you resist doing something, or resist the temptation to do it, you stop yourself from doing it although you would like to do it.

- Students should resist the temptation to focus on exams alone.

- She cannot resist giving him advice.

VB: oft with neg

4. resist resists resisting resisted
If someone or something resists damage of some kind, they are not damaged.

- ...bodies trained and toughened to resist the cold...

- Chemicals form a protective layer that resists both oil and water-based stains.

VB
= withstand

resist

verb

1.

oppose

battle

combat

defy

hinder

stand up to

2.

refrain from

abstain from

avoid

forbear

forgo

keep from

3.

withstand

be proof against

resistance

[D.J.:riˈzistəns]

[K.K.:rɪˈzɪstəns]

n.

抵抗, 反抗, 抵抗能力

阻力

电阻, 热阻

resistance ***

1. resistance
Resistance to something such as a change or a new idea is a refusal to accept it.

- The US wants big cuts in European agricultural export subsidies, but this is meeting resistance.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n

2. resistance
Resistance to an attack consists of fighting back against the people who have attacked you.

- A BBC correspondent in Colombo says the troops are encountering stiff resistance.

- Police in riot gear cleared the noisy demonstrators, who offered no resistance.

N-UNCOUNT

3. resistance
The resistance of your body to germs or diseases is its power to remain unharmed or unaffected by them.

- This disease is surprisingly difficult to catch as most people have a natural resistance to it.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N to n

4. resistance
Wind or air resistance is a force which slows down a moving object or vehicle.

- The design of the bicycle has managed to reduce the effects of wind resistance and drag.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

5. resistance resistances
In electrical engineering or physics, resistance is the ability of a substance or an electrical circuit to stop the flow of an electrical current through it.

- Superconductors, materials that lose all their electrical resistance, conduct electricity faster than ordinary materials.

N-VAR

6. resistance
In a country which is occupied by the army of another country, or which has a very harsh and strict government, the resistance is an organized group of people who are involved in illegal activities against the people in power.

- They managed to escape after being arrested by the resistance.

N-SING: the N

7. resistance
If you take the line of least resistance in a situation, you do what is easiest, even though you think that it may not be the right thing to do. In American English, you usually talk about the path of least resistance .

- They would rather take the line of least resistance than become involved in arguments.

PHR: PHR after v

resistance

noun

fighting

battle

defiance

fight

hindrance

impediment

obstruction

opposition

struggle

resistant

[riˈzistənt]

adj.

有抵抗力的, 抵抗的

resistant **

1. resistant
Someone who is resistant to something is opposed to it and wants to prevent it.

- Some people are very resistant to the idea of exercise.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

2. resistant
If something is resistant to a particular thing, it is not harmed by it.

- ...how to improve plants to make them more resistant to disease...

- The body may be less resistant if it is cold.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

resistant

adjective

1.

impervious

hard

proof against

strong

tough

unaffected by

2.

opposed

antagonistic

hostile

intractable

intransigent

unwilling

-resistant

-resistant
-resistant is added to nouns to form adjectives that describe something as not being harmed or affected by the thing mentioned.

- Children's suncare products are normally water-resistant.

- ...heat-resistant glass dishes.

- ...bullet-resistant glass.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED
= -proof

resistor

[D.J.:rɪˈzɪstə]

[K.K.:rɪˈzɪstɚ]

n.

电阻器

resistor

resistor resistors
A resistor is a device which is designed to increase the ability of an electric circuit to stop the flow of an electric current through it. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

resolute

[D.J.:ˈrezəˌlu:t]

[K.K.:ˈrɛzəˌlut]

adj.

坚决的;刚毅的

resolutely

[D.J.:ˈrezəlu:tlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈr ɛzəˌlutlɪ]

adv.

坚决地;毅然地

resolute *

1. resolute
If you describe someone as resolute , you approve of them because they are very determined not to change their mind or not to give up a course of action. (FORMAL)

- Voters perceive him as a decisive and resolute international leader.

- He described the situation as very dangerous and called for resolute action.

ADJ-GRADED
= firm determined ≠ irresolute

2. resolutely

- He resolutely refused to speak English unless forced to.

- The United States remains resolutely opposed to this.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

resolute

adjective

determined

dogged

firm

fixed

immovable

inflexible

set

steadfast

strong-willed

tenacious

unshakable

unwavering

resolution

[D.J.:ˌrezəˈlu:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛzəˈluʃən]

n.

正式决定, 决议

决心, 决定

坚决; 坚定; 坚毅

解决, 解答

分辨力, 分辨率[度]

resolution ****

1. resolution resolutions
A resolution is a formal decision taken at a meeting by means of a vote.

- He replied that the UN had passed two major resolutions calling for a complete withdrawal.

- ...a draft resolution on the occupied territories.

N-COUNT: usu N supp, oft N num

2. resolution resolutions
If you make a resolution , you decide to try very hard to do something.

- They made a resolution to lose all the weight gained during the Christmas period.

N-COUNT
See also New Year's resolution .

3. resolution
Resolution is determination to do something or not do something.

- `I think I'll try a hypnotist,' I said with sudden resolution.

N-UNCOUNT

4. resolution
The resolution of a problem or difficulty is the final solving of it. (FORMAL)

- ...the successful resolution of a dispute involving UN inspectors in Baghdad.

- ...in order to find a peaceful resolution to the crisis.

N-SING: oft N to/of n

5. resolution
The resolution of an image is how clear the image is. (TECHNICAL)

- Now this machine gives us such high resolution that we can see very small specks of calcium.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

resolution

noun

1.

determination

doggedness

firmness

perseverance

purpose

resoluteness

resolve

steadfastness

tenacity

willpower

2.

decision

aim

declaration

determination

intent

intention

purpose

resolve

resolve

[D.J.:riˈzɔlv]

[K.K.:rɪˈzɑlv]

vt. & vi.

决定; 决心

vt.

(指委员会或集会)表决

解决(问题、疑问等)

分解, 解析(某物)

resolved

[riˈzɔlvd]

adj.

下定决心的,断然的

resolving

[riˈzɔlviŋ]

n.

分解(作用);溶解(作用);解析过程

resolve ***

1. resolve resolves resolving resolved
To resolve a problem, argument, or difficulty means to find a solution to it. (FORMAL)

- We must find a way to resolve these problems before it's too late.

- They hoped the crisis could be resolved peacefully.

VB
= sort out solve

2. resolve resolves resolving resolved
If you resolve to do something, you make a firm decision to do it. (FORMAL)

- She resolved to report the matter to the hospital's nursing manager.

- She resolved that, if Mimi forgot this promise, she would remind her.

VB

3. resolve resolves
Resolve is determination to do what you have decided to do. (FORMAL)

- So you're saying this will strengthen the American public's resolve to go to war if necessary?

N-VAR: oft N to-inf
= determination

4. resolve resolves resolving resolved
If you resolve something into a clearer form, or if it resolves into a clearer form, its shape or the different parts it contains become clear. (FORMAL)

- ...like a musician resolving a confused mass of sound into melodic or harmonic order...

- Each of the spirals of light resolved into points.

V-ERG

resolved *

resolved
If you are resolved to do something, you are determined to do it. (FORMAL)

- Most folk with property to lose were resolved to defend it.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to-inf
= determined

resolve

verb

1.

decide

agree

conclude

determine

fix

intend

purpose

2.

break down

analyse

reduce

separate

3.

work out

answer

clear up

crack

fathom

noun

4.

determination

firmness

resoluteness

resolution

steadfastness

willpower

5.

decision

intention

objective

purpose

resolution

resonance

[D.J.:ˈrezənəns]

[K.K.:ˈrɛzənəns]

n.

回响, 回荡; 洪亮; 共鸣

resonances

共振态

resonance *

1. resonance resonances
If something has a resonance for someone, it has a special meaning or is particularly important to to them.

- The ideas of order, security, family, religion and country had the same resonance for them as for Michael.

N-VAR

2. resonance
If a sound has resonance , it is deep, clear, and strong.

- His voice had lost its resonance; it was tense and strained.

N-UNCOUNT

3. resonance resonances
A resonance is the sound which is produced by an object when it vibrates at the same rate as the sound waves from another object. (TECHNICAL)

- The ear has a set of filaments to vibrate in resonance with incoming sound-waves.

N-VAR

resonant

[D.J.:ˈrezənənt]

[K.K.:ˈrɛzənənt]

adj.

(指声音)回响的, 回荡的, 洪亮的

(指房间、物体等)激起回响的, 引起共鸣的, 产生共振的

(指处所)产生某种回响的, 回荡着某种声音的

resonantly

adv.

共鸣地,反响地

resonant *

1. resonant
A sound that is resonant is deep and strong.

- His voice sounded oddly resonant in the empty room.

- He responded with a resonant laugh.

ADJ-GRADED

2. resonant
Something that is resonant has a special meaning or is particularly important to people. (LITERARY)

- It is a country resonant with cinematic potential, from its architecture to its landscape.

ADJ

3. resonantly

- The third resonantly poetic language of Scotland this century is Gaelic.

ADV-GRADED

resonant

adjective

echoing

booming

resounding

reverberating

ringing

sonorous

resonate

[D.J.:ˈrezəneit]

[K.K.:ˈrɛzəˌnet]

vi.

产生回声、共鸣或共振

resonate *

1. resonate resonates resonating resonated
If something resonates , it vibrates and produces a deep, strong sound.

- The bass guitar began to thump so loudly that it resonated in my head.

VB

2. resonate resonates resonating resonated
You say that something resonates when it has a special meaning or when it is particularly important to someone.

- London is confident and alive, resonating with all the qualities of a civilised city.

VB

resort

[riˈzɔ:t]

vi.

求助于或诉诸某事物; 采取某手段或方法应急或作为对策

n.

求助, 凭借, 诉诸

求助[凭借]的对象; 采用的办法

度假胜地

resort ***

1. resort resorts resorting resorted
If you resort to a course of action that you do not really approve of, you adopt it because you cannot see any other way of achieving what you want.

- His punishing work schedule had made him resort to drugs.

- Some schools have resorted to recruiting teachers from overseas.

VB
= turn

2. resort
If you achieve something without resort to a particular course of action, you succeed without carrying out that action. To have resort to a particular course of action means to have to do that action in order to achieve something.

- Congress has a responsibility to ensure that all peaceful options are exhausted before resort to war.

N-UNCOUNT: N to n
= recourse

3. resort
If you do something as a last resort , you do it because you can find no other way of getting out of a difficult situation or of solving a problem.

- Nuclear weapons should be used only as a last resort.

- As a last resort you may have to accept their point of view.

PHR: PHR with cl

4. resort
You use in the last resort when stating the most basic or important fact that will still be true in a situation whatever else happens.

- ...telling the Americans that the British would in the last resort support them whatever they did.

PHR: PHR with cl
= ultimately

5. resort resorts
A resort is a place where a lot of people spend their holidays.

- The ski resorts are expanding to meet the growing number of skiers that come here.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

resort

verb

resort to

1.

use

employ

fall back on

have recourse to

turn to

utilize

noun

2.

holiday centre

haunt

retreat

spot

tourist centre

3.

recourse

reference

resound

[D.J.:rɪˈzaʊnd]

[K.K.:rɪˈzaʊnd]

vi.

(指声音等)回荡于某处;产生回响

(指某处)回荡着声音;回响

(指名声、事件等)广为传颂, 广泛传播

resounding

[D.J.:rɪˈzaʊndɪŋ]

adj.

鸣响的,回响的,回荡的,响亮的

(指事件等)令人瞩目的

resoundingly

adv.

鸣响地,回响地,回荡地,响亮地

令人瞩目地

resoundingly

adv.

轰动地,成功地

resound

1. resound resounds resounding resounded
When a noise resounds , it is heard very loudly and clearly. (LITERARY)

- A roar of approval resounded through the Ukrainian parliament.

- The soldiers' boots resounded in the street.

VB
= resonate

2. resound resounds resounding resounded
If a place resounds with particular noises, it is filled with them. (LITERARY)

- The whole place resounded with music.

- Tonight the Maysfield Leisure Centre will resound to the strains of the Richie Valens song `La Bamba'.

VB

resounding *

1. resounding
A resounding sound is loud and clear.

- There was a resounding slap as Andrew struck him violently across the face.

- She got a resounding round of applause.

- The answer, Segal says, was a resounding yes!

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. resoundingly

- Leatherdale was hit resoundingly on the side of the head.

ADV

3. resounding
You can refer to a very great success as a resounding success.

- The good weather helped to make the occasion a resounding success.

ADJ: usu ADJ n emphasis

4. resoundingly

- They resoundingly support government programs for the poor.

- International trading remains resoundingly successful.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

resound

verb

echo

re-echo

resonate

reverberate

ring

resounding

adjective

echoing

booming

full

powerful

resonant

reverberating

ringing

sonorous

resource

[D.J.:riˈsɔ:s]

[K.K.:ˈriˌsɔrs, -ˌsors, -ˌzɔrs, -ˌzors, rɪˈsɔrs, -ˈsors, -ˈzɔrs, -ˈzors]

n.

资源

(必要时可给予)帮助、支持或安慰的事物

才智; 机敏; 创造精神

resources

资源

resource ****

1. resource resources
The resources of an organization or person are the materials, money, and other things that they have and can use in order to function properly.

- Some families don't have the resources to feed themselves properly.

- There's a great shortage of resource materials in many schools.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. resource resources
A country's resources are the things that it has and can use to increase its wealth, such as coal, oil, or land.

- ...resources like coal, tungsten, oil and copper...

- Today we are overpopulated, straining the earth's resources.

N-COUNT: usu pl

resource

noun

1.

ingenuity

ability

capability

cleverness

initiative

inventiveness

2.

means

course

device

expedient

resort

resources

plural noun

reserves

assets

capital

funds

holdings

money

riches

supplies

wealth

resourced

resourced
If an organization is resourced , it has all the things, such as money and materials, that it needs to function properly. (BRIT)

- We are not yet fully resourced in Northern Ireland.

- The school is very well resourced -- we have a language laboratory and use computers and videos.

ADJ: usu adv ADJ

resourceful

[D.J.:rɪˈsɔ:sfəl, -ˈsəʊrs-, -ˈzɔ:s-, -ˈzəʊrs-]

[K.K.:rɪˈsɔrsfəl, -ˈsors-, -ˈzɔrs-, -ˈzors-]

adj.

资源丰富的;富于机智的;有策略的

resourcefulness

n.

足智多谋

resourceful *

1. resourceful
Someone who is resourceful is good at finding ways of dealing with problems.

- He was amazingly inventive and resourceful, and played a major role in my career.

- Her mother was a resourceful and energetic woman.

ADJ-GRADED

2. resourcefulness

- Because of his adventures, he is a person of far greater experience and resourcefulness.

N-UNCOUNT

resourceful

adjective

ingenious

able

bright

capable

clever

creative

inventive

respect

[D.J.:risˈpekt]

[K.K.:rɪˈspɛkt]

vt.

尊重, 敬佩

n.

尊敬, 尊重

考虑, 关心, 顾虑

细节, 方面

敬意, 问候

respecting

[D.J.:risˈpektiŋ]

[K.K.:rɪˈspɛktɪŋ]

prep.

关于; 至于

respect ****

1. respect respects respecting respected
If you respect someone, you have a good opinion of their character or ideas.

- I want him to respect me as a career woman.

- He needs the advice of people he respects, and he respects you.

VB

2. respect
If you have respect for someone, you have a good opinion of them.

- I have tremendous respect for Dean.

- His voice was warm with friendship and respect.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N for n
See also self-respect .

3. respect
You can say with respect when you are politely disagreeing with someone or criticizing them.

- With respect, Minister, you still haven't answered my question.

- With respect, I hardly think that's the point.

PHR: PHR with cl politeness

4. respect respects respecting respected
If you respect someone's wishes, rights, or customs, you avoid doing things that they would dislike or regard as wrong.

- Finally, trying to respect her wishes, I said I'd leave.

VB

5. respect
If you show respect for someone's wishes, rights, or customs, you avoid doing anything they would dislike or regard as wrong.

- They will campaign for the return of traditional lands and respect for aboriginal rights and customs.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N for n

6. respect respects respecting respected
If you respect a law or moral principle, you agree not to break it.

- It is about time tour operators respected the law and their own code of conduct.

VB

7. respect
Also a noun.

- ...respect for the law and the rejection of the use of violence.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N for n

8. respect
If you pay your respects to someone, you go to see them or speak to them. You usually do this to be polite, and not necessarily because you want to do it. (FORMAL)

- Carl had asked him to visit the hospital and to pay his respects to Francis.

PHR: V inflects

9. respect
If you pay your last respects to someone who has just died, you show your respect or affection for them by coming to see their body or their grave.

- The son had nothing to do with arranging the funeral, but came along to pay his last respects.

PHR: V inflects

10. respect
You use expressions like in this respect and in many respects to indicate that what you are saying applies to the feature you have just mentioned or to many features of something.

- The children are not unintelligent -- in fact, they seem quite normal in this respect.

- In many respects Asian women see themselves as equal to their men.

PHR: PHR with cl

11. respect
You use with respect to to say what something relates to. In British English, you can also say in respect of . (FORMAL)

- Parents often have little choice with respect to the way their child is medically treated.

- Where Dr Shapland feels the system is not working most effectively is in respect of professional training.

PHR: PHR with cl

respected **

respected
Someone or something that is respected is admired and considered important by many people.

- He is highly respected for his novels and plays as well as his translations of American novels.

- She is a well respected member of the international community.

ADJ-GRADED: oft adv ADJ
= admired

respect

noun

1.

regard

admiration

consideration

deference

esteem

estimation

honour

recognition

2.

point

aspect

characteristic

detail

feature

matter

particular

sense

way

3.

relation

bearing

connection

reference

regard

verb

4.

think highly of

admire

defer to

esteem

have a good or high opinion of

honour

look up to

value

5.

show consideration for

abide by

adhere to

comply with

follow

heed

honour

obey

observe

respectability

[D.J.:rɪˌspektəˈbɪlɪti:]

[K.K.:rɪˌspɛktəˈbɪlɪti]

n.

体面;名望;得体；高尚；崇高

respectable

[D.J.:rɪˈspektəbəl]

[K.K.:rɪˈspɛktəbəl]

adj.

可敬的，值得尊敬的

正派的;文雅的;高尚的

有名望的，有相当身份的

体面的

相当大的，可观的

(质量等)过得去的，不错的

respectably

[D.J.:rɪˈspektəblɪ]

[K.K.:rɪˈsp ɛktəblɪ]

adv.

可敬地;高尚地;体面地

尚可地;相当地

respectable **

1. respectable
Someone or something that is respectable is approved of by society and considered to be morally correct.

- He came from a perfectly respectable middle-class family.

- It was a highly respectable and what was called an `old-fashioned' hotel situated not far from Piccadilly.

ADJ-GRADED
= reputable

2. respectably

- She's respectably dressed in jeans and sweatshirt.

ADV-GRADED

3. respectability

- If she divorced Tony, she would lose the respectability she had as Mrs Tony Tatterton.

N-UNCOUNT

4. respectable
You can say that something is respectable when you mean that it is good enough or acceptable.

- ...investments that offer respectable and highly attractive rates of return...

- At last I have something respectable to wear!

ADJ-GRADED
= decent

respectable

adjective

1.

honourable

decent

estimable

good

honest

reputable

upright

worthy

2.

reasonable

ample

appreciable

considerable

decent

fair

sizable or sizeable

substantial

respecter

[D.J.:rɪˈspektə]

[K.K.:rɪˈspɛktɚ]

n.

尊重者，尊敬者

be no respecter of persons

对任何人一视同仁

respecter

1. respecter respecters
If you say that someone is a respecter of something such as a belief or idea, you mean that they behave in a way which shows that they have a high opinion of it.

- Ford was a respecter of proprieties and liked to see things done properly.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

2. respecter
If you say that someone or something is no respecter of a rule or tradition, you mean that the rule or tradition is not important to them.

- The British Sports Council is no respecter of privacy or careers as it tries to stamp out the cheats.

- Accidents and sudden illnesses are no respecters of age.

PHR: v-link PHR

respectful

[D.J.:rɪˈspektfəl]

[K.K.:rɪˈspɛktfəl]

adj.

有礼貌的;恭敬的

respectfully

[D.J.:rɪˈspektfəlɪ]

[K.K.:rɪˈsp ɛktfəlɪ]

adv.

恭敬地

respectful *

1. respectful
If you are respectful , you show respect for someone.

- He was always so polite and respectful.

- The children in our family are always respectful to their elders.

- The patient has the right to considerate and respectful care.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of/towards/to n

2. respectfully

- `You are an artist,' she said respectfully.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

respectful

adjective

polite

civil

courteous

deferential

mannerly

reverent

well-mannered

respective

[D.J.:risˈpektiv]

[K.K.:rɪˈspɛktɪv]

adj.

各自的; 各个的

respective *

respective
Respective means relating or belonging separately to the individual people you have just mentioned.

- Steve and I were at very different stages in our respective careers.

- They went into their respective bedrooms to pack.

ADJ: ADJ n, usu poss ADJ pl-n

respective

adjective

specific

individual

own

particular

relevant

respectively

[D.J.:risˈpektivli]

[K.K.:rɪˈspɛktɪvli]

adv.

各自地, 各个地, 分别地

respectively **

respectively
Respectively means in the same order as the items that you have just mentioned.

- Their sons, Ben and Jonathan, were three and six respectively.

- They finished first and second respectively.

ADV: ADV with cl/group

respiration

[D.J.:ˌrespəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛspəˈreʃən]

n.

呼吸, 一次呼吸

(植物的)呼吸

respiration

respiration
Your respiration is your breathing. (MEDICAL)

- His respiration grew fainter throughout the day.

N-UNCOUNT
= breathing

See also artificial respiration .

respirator

[D.J.:ˈrespəˌreɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈrɛspəˌretɚ]

n.

口罩,防毒面具

(人工)呼吸机

respirator

1. respirator respirators
A respirator is a device that allows people to breathe when they cannot breathe naturally, for example because they are ill or have been injured.

- She was so ill that she was put on a respirator.

N-COUNT

2. respirator respirators
A respirator is a device you wear over your mouth and nose in order to breathe when you are surrounded by smoke or poisonous gas.
N-COUNT

respiratory

[D.J.:ˈrespərəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:, rɪˈspaɪərə-]

[K.K.:ˈrɛspərəˌtɔri, -ˌtori, rɪˈspaɪrə-]

adj.

呼吸的,呼吸用的

respiratory *

respiratory
Respiratory means relating to breathing. (MEDICAL)

- ...people with severe respiratory problems...

- If you smoke then the whole respiratory system is constantly under attack.

ADJ: ADJ n

respite

[D.J.:ˈrespɪt]

[K.K.:ˈrɛspɪt]

n.

休息(时间), 暂时的缓解或轻松

(义务的)暂缓履行;(刑罚的)缓期执行

respite *

1. respite
A respite is a short period of rest from something unpleasant. (FORMAL)

- It was some weeks now since they had had any respite from shellfire.

N-SING: also no det, oft N from n

2. respite
A respite is a short delay before a very unpleasant or difficult situation which may or may not take place. (FORMAL)

- Devaluation would only give the economy a brief respite.

N-SING: also no det
= reprieve

respite

noun

pause

break

cessation

halt

interval

lull

recess

relief

rest

resplendent

[D.J.:rɪˈsplendənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈsplɛndənt]

adj.

华丽灿烂的;辉煌的

resplendent

resplendent
If you describe someone or something as resplendent , you mean that their appearance is very impressive and expensive-looking. (FORMAL)

- Bessie, resplendent in royal blue velvet, was hovering beside the table.

- ...the resplendent hotel banqueting-room.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ in n
= dazzling

resplendent

adjective

brilliant

bright

dazzling

glorious

radiant

shining

splendid

respond

[D.J.:riˈspɔnd]

[K.K.:rɪˈspɑnd]

vt. & vi.

回答; 回报; 响应

vi.

有反应; 有效果; 有影响

respond ****

1. respond responds responding responded
When you respond to something that is done or said, you react to it by doing or saying something yourself.

- They are likely to respond positively to the President's request for aid.

- The army responded with gunfire and tear gas.

- `Are you well enough to carry on? --- `Of course,' she responded scornfully.

- The Belgian Minister of Foreign Affairs responded that the protection of refugees was a matter for an international organization.

VB

2. respond responds responding responded
When you respond to a need, crisis, or challenge, you take the necessary or appropriate action.

- This modest group size allows our teachers to respond to the needs of each student.

VB
= react

3. respond responds responding responded
If a patient or their injury or illness is responding to treatment, the treatment is working and they are getting better.

- I'm pleased to say that he is now doing well and responding to treatment.

VB

respond

verb

answer

counter

react

reciprocate

rejoin

reply

retort

return

respondent

[D.J.:rɪˈspɔndənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈspɑndənt]

n.

<律>(尤指离婚案的)被告

respondent *

1. respondent respondents
A respondent is a person who replies to something such as a survey or set of questions.

- 60 percent of the respondents said they disapproved of the president's performance.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. respondent respondents
A respondent is someone who has to defend a case in a law court. (LEGAL)

- In addition, the respondent disclosed professional confidences to one of the patients.

N-COUNT
≠ complainant appellant

response

[D.J.:riˈspɔns]

[K.K.:rɪˈspɑns]

n.

回答; 回音; 答复

反应, 响应

response ****

response responses
Your response to an event or to something that is said is your reply or reaction to it.

- There has been no response to his remarks from the government.

- Your positive response will reinforce her actions.

- The meeting was called in response to a request from Venezuela.

N-COUNT: oft N to/from n, also in N

response

noun

answer

counterattack

feedback

reaction

rejoinder

reply

retort

return

responsibility

[D.J.:riˌspɔnsəˈbiliti]

[K.K.:rɪˌspɑnsəˈbɪlɪti]

n.

责任

责任感, 可信赖性

职责, 所负责任的事

responsibility ****

1. responsibility
If you have responsibility for something or someone, or if they are your responsibility , it is your job or duty to deal with them and to take decisions relating to them.

- Each manager had responsibility for just under 600 properties.

- We need to take responsibility for looking after our own health.

- `She's not your responsibility,' he said gently.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n/-ing

2. responsibility
If you accept responsibility for something that has happened, you agree that you were to blame for it or you caused it.

- British Rail has admitted responsibility for the accident.

- Someone had to give orders and take responsibility for mistakes.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n

3. responsibility responsibilities
Your responsibilities are the duties that you have because of your job or position.

- I am told that he handled his responsibilities as a counselor in a highly intelligent and caring fashion.

- ...programmes to help employees balance work and family responsibilities.

N-PLURAL: usu with supp

4. responsibility
If someone is given responsibility , they are given the right or opportunity to make important decisions or to take action without having to get permission from anyone else.

- She would have loved to have a better-paying job with more responsibility.

- Carrington held a position of responsibility within the government.

N-UNCOUNT

5. responsibility
If you think that you have a responsibility to do something, you feel that you ought to do it because it is morally right to do it.

- The court feels it has a responsibility to ensure that customers are not misled.

- As parents we have a responsibility to give our children a sense of belonging.

N-SING: usu N to-inf
= duty

6. responsibility
If you think that you have a responsibility to someone, you feel that it is your duty to take action that will protect their interests.

- She had decided that as a doctor she had a responsibility to her fellow creatures.

N-SING: N to/towards n

responsibility

noun

1.

authority

importance

power

2.

fault

blame

culpability

guilt

3.

duty

care

charge

liability

obligation

onus

4.

level-headedness

conscientiousness

dependability

rationality

sensibleness

trustworthiness

responsible

[D.J.:riˈspɔnsəbl]

[K.K.:rɪˈspɑnsəbəl]

adj.

负有责任的, 需承担责任的

需对…负责的

尽责的, 可靠的

责任重大的

responsibly

[D.J.:rɪˈsp ɔnsəblɪ]

[K.K.:rɪˈsp ɑnsəblɪ]

adv.

负责地;有责任感地

有鉴别力地,能明辨是非地

responsible ****

1. responsible
If someone or something is responsible for a particular event or situation, they are the cause of it or they can be blamed for it.

- He still felt responsible for her death.

- I want you to do everything you can to find out who's responsible.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ for n/-ing

2. responsible
If you are responsible for something, it is your job or duty to deal with it and make decisions relating to it.

- ...the minister responsible for the environment...

- The man responsible for finding the volunteers is Dr. Charles Weber.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ for n/-ing

3. responsible
If you are responsible to a person or group, they have authority over you and you have to report to them about what you do.

- I'm responsible to my board of directors.

- The government will be responsible to the President alone.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n

4. responsible
Responsible people behave properly and sensibly, without needing to be supervised.

- He's a very responsible sort of person.

- He feels that the media should be more responsible in what they report.

ADJ-GRADED

5. responsibly

- He urged everyone to act responsibly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

6. responsible
Responsible jobs involve making important decisions or carrying out important tasks.

- I work in a government office. It's a responsible position, I suppose, but not very exciting.

- They have been demoted to less responsible jobs.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

responsible

adjective

1.

in charge

in authority

in control

2.

to blame

at fault

culpable

guilty

3.

accountable

answerable

liable

4.

sensible

dependable

level-headed

rational

reliable

trustworthy

responsive

[D.J.:rɪˈspɔnsɪv]

[K.K.:rɪˈspɑnsɪv]

adj.

反应热烈或良好的;赞同的;支持的

反应灵敏的;易受控制的

回答的, 答应的

responsiveness

响应性;易起反应

responsive *

1. responsive
A responsive person is quick to react to people or events and to show emotions such as pleasure and affection.

- Harriet was an easy, responsive little girl.

- This is a responsive class with plenty of ideas.

- Three months before birth babies are already responsive to sound.

ADJ-GRADED

2. responsiveness

- This condition decreases sexual desire and responsiveness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. responsive
If someone or something is responsive , they react quickly and favourably.

- With an election coming soon, your MP should be very responsive to your request.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ to n

4. responsiveness

- Such responsiveness to public pressure is extraordinary.

N-UNCOUNT

5. responsive
A responsive action is made as a reaction to something that has just been said or done.

- At hearing his name spoken, the dog gave a responsive wag of his tail.

ADJ: ADJ n

responsive

adjective

sensitive

alive

impressionable

open

reactive

receptive

susceptible

rest

[D.J.:rest]

[K.K.:rɛst]

n.

休息, 睡眠

静止(状态)

支持物

剩余(部分), 余下的人[物]

vt. & vi.

(使)休息

(使)倚靠[支撑]

vi.

停止, 不再谈论

resting

[D.J.:ˈrestiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrɛstɪŋ]

adj.

静止的,不动的,休眠的

rest 1 quantifier uses ****

1. rest
The rest is used to refer to all the parts of something or all the things in a group that remain or that you have not already mentioned.

- It was an experience I will treasure for the rest of my life.

- I'm going to throw a party, then invest the rest of the money.

- He was unable to travel to Barcelona with the rest of the team.

QUANT: QUANT of def-n

2. rest
Also a pronoun.

- Only 55 per cent of the raw material is canned. The rest is thrown away, or fed to cows.

PRON

3. rest
You can add and the rest or all the rest of it to the end of a statement or list when you want to refer in a vague way to other things that are associated with the ones you have already mentioned. (SPOKEN)

- ...a man with nice clothes, a Range Rover and the rest...

- And what about racism and all the rest of it?

PHR vagueness
= and so on et cetera

rest 2 verb and noun uses ****

1. rest rests resting rested
If you rest or if you rest your body, you do not do anything active for a time.

- He's tired and exhausted, and has been advised to rest for two weeks.

- Try to rest the injured limb as much as possible.

VB

2. rest rests
If you get some rest or have a rest , you do not do anything active for a time.

- `You're worn out, Laura,' he said. `Go home and get some rest.'.

- After I've had a good rest, I'll tell you everything.

N-VAR

3. rest rests resting rested
If something such as a theory or someone's success rests on a particular thing, it depends on that thing. (FORMAL)

- Such a view rests on a number of incorrect assumptions.

- The long-term future of the country rests on how we teach our children.

VB
= hang depend

4. rest rests resting rested
If authority, a responsibility, or a decision rests with you, you have that authority or responsibility, or you are the one who will make that decision. (FORMAL)

- The judge said that `whether Miss Bergman wishes to admit it or not, the responsibility rests with her.'.

- The final decision rested with the President.

VB

5. rest rests resting rested
If you rest something somewhere, you put it there so that its weight is supported.

- He rested his arms on the back of the chair.

- He rested one of his crutches against the rail.

VB
= lean

6. rest rests resting rested
If something is resting somewhere, or if you are resting it there, it is in a position where its weight is supported.

- His head was resting on her shoulder.

- He had been resting his head in his hands, deep in thought.

V-ERG

7. rest rests resting rested
If you rest on or against someone or something, you lean on them so that they support the weight of your body.

- He rested on his pickaxe for a while.

VB
= lean

8. rest rests
A rest is an object that is used to support something, especially your head, arms, or feet.

- When you are sitting, keep your elbow on the arm rest.

N-COUNT: usu n N
= support

9. rest rests resting rested
If your eyes rest on a particular person or object, you look directly at them, rather than somewhere else. (WRITTEN)

- As she spoke, her eyes rested on her husband's face.

VB
= settle

10. rest
When an object that has been moving comes to rest , it finally stops. (FORMAL)

- The plane had plowed a path through a patch of forest before coming to rest in a field.

PHR: V inflects
= stop

11. rest
If you say that someone can rest easy , you mean that they don't need to worry about a particular situation.

- In that case, we can rest easy. Gagnier is the most helpful superintendent they have.

PHR

12. rest
If someone tells you to give something a rest, they want you to stop doing it because it annoys them or because they think it is harming you. (INFORMAL)

- Give it a rest, will you? We're trying to get some sleep.

- I think you ought to give football a rest for a time.

PHR: V inflects

13. rest
If you say that someone who has died is laid to rest , you mean that they are buried.

- His dying wish was to be laid to rest at the church near his Somerset home.

PHR: V inflects

14. rest
If you lay something such as fears or rumours to rest or if you put them to rest , you succeed in proving that they are not true.

- His speech should lay those fears to rest.

- I am determined to put to rest these rumours that we are in financial trouble.

PHR: V inflects
= allay

15. rest
If someone refuses to let a subject rest , they refuse to stop talking about it, especially after they have been talking about it for a long time.

- I am not prepared to let this matter rest.

- Let it rest, Rachel. Leave her in peace.

PHR: V inflects
= drop

16. rest
To put someone's mind at rest or set their mind at rest means to tell them something that stops them worrying.

- She was quick to put his mind at rest. `Mrs Barrett will be delighted to have your brothers back,' she said.

- A brain scan last Friday finally set his mind at rest.

PHR: V and N inflect
= reassure

rested

rested
If you feel rested , you feel more energetic because you have just had a rest.

- He looked tanned and well rested after his vacation.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

rest

noun

1.

repose

calm

inactivity

leisure

relaxation

relief

stillness

tranquillity

2.

pause

break

cessation

halt

interlude

intermission

interval

lull

respite

stop

3.

support

base

holder

prop

stand

verb

4.

relax

be at ease

put one's feet up

sit down

take it easy

5.

be supported

lean

lie

prop

recline

repose

sit

rest

noun

remainder

balance

excess

others

remains

remnants

residue

surplus

restart

[D.J.:ri:ˈstɑ:t]

[K.K.:riˈstɑrt]

v.

重新开始,重新启动

restarting

再起动;再引弧

restart *

1. restart restarts restarting restarted
If you restart something that has been interrupted or stopped, or if it restarts , it starts to happen or function again.

- The commissioners agreed to restart talks as soon as possible.

- The race was restarted after a break of around 20 minutes.

- The trial will restart today with a new jury.

V-ERG

2. restart restarts
Also a noun.

- After a goalless first half, Australia took the lead within a minute of the restart.

N-COUNT

restate

[D.J.:ri:ˈsteɪt]

[K.K.:riˈstet]

vt.

重述或以另一种方式重申(某事物)

restate *

restate restates restating restated
If you restate something, you say it again in words or writing, usually in a slightly different way. (FORMAL)

- He continued throughout to restate his opposition to violence.

- The letter merely restated the law of the land.

VB
= reiterate

restatement

n.

再声明,重述

restatement

restatement restatements
A restatement of something that has been said or written is another statement that repeats it, usually in a slightly different form. (FORMAL)

- I hope this book is not yet another restatement of the prevailing wisdom.

- Mr Prescott concentrated on offering a classic restatement of Labour values.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= reiteration

restaurant

[D.J.:ˈrestərənt]

[K.K.:ˈrɛstərənt, -təˌrɑnt]

n.

饭店, 餐馆

restaurant ****

restaurant restaurants
A restaurant is a place where you can eat a meal and pay for it. In restaurants your food is usually served to you at your table by a waiter or waitress.

- They ate in an Italian restaurant in Forth Street.

- We had dinner in the hotel's restaurant.

N-COUNT

restaurant

noun

bistro

caf´e

cafeteria

diner chiefly U.S. & Canad.

eatery

tearoom

restaurant car

restaurant car restaurant cars
A restaurant car is a carriage on a train where passengers can have a meal. (BRIT; in AM use dining car )
N-COUNT

restaurateur

[D.J.:restərəˈtə]

[K.K.:ˌrɛstərəˈtɚ]

n.

餐馆老板,饭店主人

restaurateur *

restaurateur restaurateurs
A restaurateur is a person who owns and manages a restaurant. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

restful

[D.J.:ˈrestfəl]

[K.K.:ˈrɛstfəl]

adj.

平静的,悠闲的,让人得到休息的

restfully

adv.

restfulness

n.

restfully

adv.

平安地

restful

restful
Something that is restful helps you to feel calm and relaxed.

- Adjust the lighting so it is soft and restful.

- After a joyous and restful three days, I left this beautiful city.

ADJ-GRADED
= soothing peaceful

restful

adjective

relaxing

calm

calming

peaceful

quiet

relaxed

serene

soothing

tranquil

rest home

rest home rest homes
A rest home is the same as an old people's home .
N-COUNT

resting place

1. resting place resting places
A resting place is a place where you can stay and rest, usually for a short period of time.

- The area was an important resting place for many types of migrant birds.

N-COUNT

2. resting place resting places
You can refer to the place where a dead person is buried as their resting place or their final resting place .

- The hill is supposed to be the resting place of the legendary King Lud.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

restitution

[D.J.:ˌrestɪˈtu:ʃən, -ˈtju:-]

[K.K.:ˌrɛstɪˈtuʃən, -ˈtju-]

n.

归还原主, 恢复原状

(尤指用钱)赔偿, 补偿

restitution

restitution
Restitution is the act of giving back to a person something that was lost or stolen, or of paying them money for the loss. (FORMAL)

- The victims are demanding full restitution.

- We have asked that they rehire the people that were fired and that they make restitution to them.

N-UNCOUNT

restitution

noun

compensation

amends

recompense

reparation

requital

restive

[D.J.:ˈrestɪv]

[K.K.:ˈrɛstɪv]

adj.

焦躁不安的

难以驾驭的,不受管束的

restiveness

n.

倔强,难以驾御

restive

1. restive
If you are restive , you are impatient, bored, or dissatisfied. (FORMAL)

- The audience grew restive.

- ...restive national minorities.

ADJ-GRADED

2. restiveness

- There were signs of restiveness among the younger members.

N-UNCOUNT

restive

adjective

restless

edgy

fidgety

impatient

jumpy

nervous

on edge

restless

[D.J.:ˈrestlis]

[K.K.:ˈrɛstlɪs]

adj.

焦躁不安的, 不安静的

不得休息的

restlessly

[D.J.:ˈrestlɪslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈr ɛstlɪslɪ]

adv.

不安地;慌张地;无休止地

restlessness

[D.J.:ˈrestlɪsnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈr ɛstlɪsnɪs]

n.

坐立不安;心神不定;无休止

restless **

1. restless
If you are restless , you are bored, impatient, or dissatisfied, and you want to do something else.

- By 1982, she was restless and needed a new impetus for her talent.

- ...a major new initiative to placate the country's restless intellectuals.

ADJ-GRADED

2. restlessness

- From the audience came increasing sounds of restlessness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. restless
If someone is restless , they keep moving around because they find it difficult to keep still.

- My father seemed very restless and excited.

ADJ-GRADED
= fidgety

4. restlessness

- Karen complained of hyperactivity and restlessness.

N-UNCOUNT

5. restlessly

- He paced up and down restlessly, trying to put his thoughts in order.

ADV: usu ADV with v

6. restless
If you have a restless sleep, you do not sleep properly and when you wake up you feel tired and uncomfortable.

- The shocking revelations of the 700-page report had caused him several restless nights.

- Hurt had spent a restless few hours on the plane from Paris.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
≠ restful

restless

adjective

1.

moving

nomadic

roving

transient

unsettled

unstable

wandering

2.

unsettled

edgy

fidgeting

fidgety

jumpy

nervous

on edge

restive

restlessness

noun

1.

movement

activity

bustle

unrest

unsettledness

2.

restiveness

edginess

jitters informal

jumpiness

nervousness

restock

[D.J.:ˈri:ˈstɔk]

[K.K.:riˈstɑk]

vt.

重新进货,再储存

restocking

立木重建

restock

1. restock restocks restocking restocked
If you restock something such as a shelf, fridge, or shop, you fill it with food or other goods to replace what you have used or sold.

- I have to restock the freezer.

- Back on Flatbush Avenue, Pong is busy restocking his shelves with cucumbers and coconuts.

VB

2. restock restocks restocking restocked
To restock a lake means to put more fish in it because there are very few left.

- McNicholl will use her stock of Orkney oysters to restock lochs and estuaries throughout Scotland and England.

VB

Restoration **

1. Restoration
The Restoration was the event in 1660 when Charles the Second became King of England, Scotland, and Ireland after a period when there had been no King or Queen.
N-PROPER: the N

2. Restoration
Restoration is used to refer to the style of drama and architecture that was popular during and just after the rule of Charles the Second in England.

- ...a Restoration comedy.

ADJ: ADJ n

restorative

[D.J.:rɪˈstɔ:rətɪv, -ˈstəʊr-]

[K.K.:rɪˈstɔrətɪv, -ˈstor-]

adj.

有恢复健康作用的,滋补的

n.

滋补品,补药

兴奋剂

restorative

1. restorative
Something that is restorative makes you feel healthier, stronger, or more cheerful after you have been feeling tired, weak, or miserable.

- She opened the door to her bedroom, thinking how restorative a hot bath would feel tonight.

ADJ-GRADED

2. restorative restoratives
If you describe something as a restorative , you mean that it makes you feel healthier, stronger, or more cheerful after you have been feeling tired, weak, or miserable.

- Seven days off could be a wonderful restorative.

N-COUNT

restoration

[D.J.:ˌrestəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛstəˈreʃən]

n.

(遗失等物的)归还原主

回到原处或原状, 恢复

重新采用

(损坏的建筑物、艺术品等的)修复, 整修

(毁坏后重建的)建筑物;重建

restore

[D.J.:riˈstɔ:]

[K.K.:rɪˈstɔr, -ˈstor]

vt.

归还; 交还

使恢复

修复; 重建

restore ***

1. restore restores restoring restored
To restore a situation or practice means to cause it to exist again.

- The army has recently been brought in to restore order.

- As they smiled at each other, harmony was restored again.

- The death penalty was never restored.

VB

2. restoration

- His visit is expected to lead to the restoration of diplomatic relations.

- They were committed to the eventual restoration of a traditional monarchy.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. restore restores restoring restored
To restore someone or something to a previous condition means to cause them to be in that condition once again.

- We will restore her to health but it may take time.

- He said the ousted president must be restored to power.

- His country desperately needs Western aid to restore its ailing economy.

VB

4. restoration

- I owe the restoration of my hearing to this remarkable new technique.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

5. restore restores restoring restored
When someone restores something such as an old building, painting, or piece of furniture, they repair and clean it, so that it looks like it did when it was new.

- ...experts who specialise in examining and restoring ancient parchments.

- ...the beautifully restored old town square.

VB

6. restoration restorations

- I specialized in the restoration of old houses.

- The bones were `mislaid' during the seventeenth-century restorations.

N-VAR

7. restore restores restoring restored
If something that was lost or stolen is restored to its owner, it is returned to them. (FORMAL)

- The following day their horses and goods were restored to them.

- The looted property was restored and the charg´e d'affaires was told that the soldiers responsible had been arrested.

VB: usu passive
= return

restoration

noun

1.

repair

reconstruction

renewal

renovation

revitalization

revival

2.

reinstatement

re-establishment

replacement

restitution

return

restore

verb

1.

repair

fix

mend

rebuild

recondition

reconstruct

refurbish

renew

renovate

2.

revive

build up

refresh

revitalize

strengthen

3.

return

bring back

give back

hand back

recover

reinstate

replace

send back

4.

reinstate

reintroduce

restorer

[risˈtɔ:rə]

n.

修补者,修建者

restorer

restorer restorers
A restorer is someone whose job it is to repair old buildings, paintings, and furniture so that they are look like they did when they were new.

- ...an antiques restorer.

N-COUNT: oft n N

restrain

[D.J.:risˈtrein]

[K.K.:rɪˈstren]

vt.

抑制, 遏制; 管制, 克制, 约束

restrained

[D.J.:rɪsˈtreɪnd]

adj.

克制的,节制的,受到控制的

restraining

[riˈstreiniŋ]

adj.

抑制的,遏制的,控制的

restrain **

1. restrain restrains restraining restrained
If you restrain someone, you stop them from doing what they intended or wanted to do, usually by using your physical strength.

- Wally gripped my arm, partly to restrain me and partly to reassure me.

- One onlooker had to be restrained by police.

VB

2. restrain restrains restraining restrained
If you restrain an emotion or you restrain yourself from doing something, you prevent yourself from showing that emotion or doing what you wanted or intended to do.

- She was unable to restrain her desperate anger.

- Unable to restrain herself, she rose and went to the phone.

- Gladys wanted to ask, `Aren't you angry with him?' But she restrained herself from doing so.

VB

3. restrain restrains restraining restrained
To restrain something that is growing or increasing means to prevent it from getting too large.

- The radical 500-day plan was very clear on how it intended to try to restrain inflation.

- In the 1970s, the government tried to restrain corruption.

VB
= curb check

restrained *

1. restrained
Someone who is restrained is very calm and unemotional.

- In the circumstances he felt he'd been very restrained.

- Livy thought Caroline's greeting seemed a little restrained.

ADJ-GRADED

2. restrained
If you describe someone's clothes or the decorations in a house as restrained , you mean that you like them because they are simple and not too brightly-coloured.

- Her black suit was restrained and expensive.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= tasteful

restrain

verb

hold back

check

constrain

contain

control

curb

curtail

hamper

hinder

inhibit

restrict

restrained

adjective

controlled

calm

mild

moderate

self-controlled

undemonstrative

restraining order

restraining order restraining orders
A restraining order is an order by a court of law that someone should stop doing something until a court decides whether they are legally allowed to continue doing it. (mainly AM, LEGAL)

- His estranged wife had taken out a restraining order against him.

N-COUNT

restraint

[D.J.:risˈtreint]

[K.K.:rɪˈstrent]

n.

抑制, 遏制, 管制, 约束

克制物, 管制措施, 约束力

克制, 节制, 适度

restraint **

1. restraint restraints
Restraints are rules or conditions that limit or restrict someone or something.

- The Prime Minister is calling for new restraints on trade unions.

- With open frontiers and lax visa controls, criminals could cross into the country without restraint.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N on n

2. restraint
Restraint is calm, controlled, and unemotional behaviour.

- They behaved with more restraint than I'd expected.

- I'll speak to the staff and ask them to exercise restraint and common sense.

N-UNCOUNT

3. restraint
Restraint of something is the act of preventing it from increasing too much or from being done freely. (FORMAL)

- For a year and a half, wage restraint on a voluntary basis worked.

- He sued them for restraint of trade and won.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

restraint

noun

1.

self-control

control

inhibition

moderation

self-discipline

self-possession

self-restraint

2.

limitation

ban

check

curb

embargo

interdict

limit

rein

restrict

[D.J.:risˈtrikt]

[K.K.:rɪˈstrɪkt]

vt.

限制; 约束

restricted

[D.J.:rɪˈstrɪktɪd]

[K.K.:rɪˈstrɪktɪd]

adj.

有一定限制的,有限的,受约束的

<英>(指土地)对公众不完全开放的

<美>(指土地)对军人不完全开放的

restrictedly

adv.

有限地,受约束地

对公众不完全开放地

对军人不完全开放地

restrictedness

n.

有限,约束

restrictedly

adv.

限制地

restricting

限燃层;扼流;表面覆层

restriction

[D.J.:rɪˈstrɪkʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈstrɪkʃən]

n.

约束, 限制

管制, 限定;法律, 规章

restrict **

1. restrict restricts restricting restricted
If you restrict something, you put a limit on it in order to reduce it or prevent it becoming too great.

- There is talk of raising the admission requirements to restrict the number of students on campus.

- The French, I believe, restrict Japanese imports to a maximum of 3 per cent of their market.

VB
= limit

2. restriction

- Since the costs of science were rising faster than inflation, some restriction on funding was necessary.

N-UNCOUNT
= limit

3. restrict restricts restricting restricted
To restrict the movement or actions of someone or something means to prevent them from moving or acting freely.

- Villagers say the fence would restrict public access to the hills.

- The government imprisoned dissidents, forbade travel, and restricted the press.

- These dams have restricted the flow of the river downstream.

VB

4. restriction

- ...the justification for this restriction of individual liberty.

N-UNCOUNT

5. restrict restricts restricting restricted
If you restrict someone or their activities to one thing, they can only do, have, or deal with that thing. If you restrict them to one place, they cannot go anywhere else.

- He was, however, allowed to stay on at the temple as long as he restricted himself to his studies.

- The patient isn't restricted to a meagre diet.

- For the first two weeks patients are restricted to the grounds.

VB
= confine

6. restrict restricts restricting restricted
If you restrict something to a particular group, only that group can do it or have it. If you restrict something to a particular place, it is allowed only in that place.

- Ministers had decided to restrict university entry to about 30 per cent of a declining school-leaving population.

- Camping is restricted to five designated campgrounds.

VB
= confine

restricted **

1. restricted
Something that is restricted is quite small or limited.

- ...the monotony of a heavily restricted diet...

- Plants, like animals, often have restricted habitats.

ADJ-GRADED

2. restricted
If something is restricted to a particular group, only members of that group have it. If it is restricted to a particular place, it exists only in that place.

- Discipline problems are by no means restricted to children in families dependent on benefits.

- The problem is not restricted to the southeast.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to n

3. restricted
A restricted area is one that only people with special permission can enter.

- ...a highly restricted area close to the old Khodinka airfield.

ADJ-GRADED

4. restricted
A restricted document is one that only people with special permission can read. (BRIT; in AM use classified )

- The charge was that, in February 1975, he had leaked a restricted document to a journalist.

ADJ

restriction ***

1. restriction restrictions
A restriction is an official rule that limits what you can do or that limits the amount or size of something.

- ...the lifting of restrictions on political parties and the news media...

- The relaxation of travel restrictions means they are free to travel and work.

N-COUNT: oft N on n

2. restriction restrictions
You can refer to anything that limits what you can do as a restriction .

- His parents are trying to make up to him for the restrictions of urban living.

- The second restriction upon the president's power is the limited time at his disposal.

N-COUNT
= limitation

restrict

verb

limit

bound

confine

contain

hamper

handicap

inhibit

regulate

restrain

restriction

noun

limitation

confinement

control

curb

handicap

inhibition

regulation

restraint

rule

restrictive

[D.J.:rɪˈstrɪktɪv]

[K.K.:rɪˈstrɪktɪv]

adj.

限制(性)的,约束(性)的

<语>限制性的

restrictively

adv.

限制(性)地,约束(性)地

restrictiveness

n.

限制(性),约束(性)

restrictively

adv.

限制性地

restrictive *

restrictive
Something that is restrictive prevents people from doing what they want to do, or from moving freely.

- Britain is to adopt a more restrictive policy on arms sales.

- ...increasingly restrictive immigration laws...

- Do not wear restrictive clothing.

ADJ-GRADED

restrictive practice

restrictive practice restrictive practices
Restrictive practices are ways in which people involved in an industry, trade, or profession protect their own interests, rather than having a system which is fair to the public, employers, and other workers. (BRIT)

- The Act was introduced to end restrictive practices in the docks.

N-COUNT: usu pl

rest room

rest room rest rooms
In a restaurant, theatre, or other public place, a rest room is a room with a toilet for customers to use. (AM; in BRIT usually use toilet )
N-COUNT also restroom .

restructure

[D.J.:ˌri:ˈstrʌktʃə]

[K.K.:riˈstrʌktʃɚ]

vt.

重建, 改建, 重组

restructuring

重组

restructure **

1. restructure restructures restructuring restructured
To restructure an organization or system means to change the way it is organized, usually in order to make it work more effectively.

- The President called on educators and politicians to help him restructure American education.

- How can I begin to restructure my life so that I'm happier with it?

VB

2. restructuring restructurings

- Pirelli, the Italian tyre company, is to lay off 1,520 workers as part of a restructuring.

N-VAR

rest stop

1. rest stop rest stops
On a long journey by road, a rest stop is a short period when you stop and leave your vehicle, for example to eat or go to the toilet.
N-COUNT

2. rest stop rest stops
A rest stop or rest area is a place beside a motorway or freeway where you can buy petrol and other things, or have a meal. (mainly AM; in BRIT use services )
N-COUNT The form rest area is also used

result

[D.J.:riˈzʌlt]

[K.K.:rɪˈzʌlt]

n.

结果; 效果; 后果; 成效

比分, 成绩

vi.

发生, 产生; 导致, 结果是

resulting

[riˈzʌltiŋ]

adj.

作为结果的,因而发生的

result *****

1. result results
A result is something that happens or exists because of something else that has happened.

- Compensation is available for people who have developed asthma as a direct result of their work.

- A real pizza oven gives better results than an ordinary home oven.

N-COUNT: oft as a N

2. result results resulting resulted
If something results in a particular situation or event, it causes that situation or event to happen.

- Fifty per cent of road accidents result in head injuries.

- Regular trips back to her adopted motherland have resulted in her first book, Tiger Balm.

VB

3. result results resulting resulted
If something results from a particular event or action, it is caused by that event or action.

- Many hair problems result from what you eat.

- Ignore the early warnings and illness could result.

VB

4. result results
A result is the situation that exists at the end of a contest.

- `What was the result?' --- `One-nil to Leeds.'.

- The final election results will be announced on Friday.

- ...the football results.

N-COUNT

5. result results
A result is the number that you get when you do a calculation.

- They found their computers producing different results from exactly the same calculation.

N-COUNT
= answer

6. result results
Your results are the marks or grades that you get for examinations you have taken. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use scores )

- Kate's exam results were excellent.

N-COUNT: usu pl

result

noun

1.

consequence

effect

end

end result

outcome

product

sequel

upshot

verb

2.

happen

appear

arise

derive

develop

ensue

follow

issue

spring

result in

3.

end in

culminate in

finish with

resultant

[D.J.:riˈzʌltənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈzʌltənt]

adj.

因而发生的, 必然产生的

resultant *

resultant
Resultant means caused by the event just mentioned. (FORMAL)

- At least a quarter of a million people have died in the fighting and the resultant famines.

ADJ: ADJ n
= consequent ensuing

resume

[D.J.:riˈzju:m]

[K.K.:rɪˈzum]

vt. & vi.

重新开始; 恢复

vt.

重新取得; 再占有

resumé

[rezju:mei]

n.

摘要,概略,〈美〉履历

resumption

[D.J.:rɪˈzʌmpʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈzʌmpʃən]

n.

<正>重新开始;继续

resume ***

1. resume resumes resuming resumed
If you resume an activity or if it resumes , it begins again. (FORMAL)

- After the war he resumed his duties at Emmanuel College.

- The search is expected to resume early today.

V-ERG
= recommence

2. resumption

- It is premature to speculate about the resumption of negotiations.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. resume resumes resuming resumed
If you resume your seat or position, you return to the seat or position you were in before you moved. (FORMAL)

- `I changed my mind,' Blanche said, resuming her seat.

VB
= return to

4. resume resumes resuming resumed
If someone resumes , they begin speaking again after they have stopped for a short time. (WRITTEN)

- `Hey, Judith,' he resumed, `tell me all about yourself.'

VB

resume

verb

begin again

carry on

continue

go on

proceed

reopen

restart

resumption

noun

continuation

carrying on

re-establishment

renewal

reopening

restart

resurgence

r´esum´e *

1. r´esum´e r´esum´es
A r´esum´e is a short account, either spoken or written, of something that has happened or that someone has said or written.

- I will leave with you a resum´e of his most recent speech.

- We used to begin each so-called planning meeting with a r´esum´e of how we were doing as a division.

N-COUNT: oft N of n/wh also resum´e .
= summary

2. r´esum´e r´esum´es
Your rusee1sum´e is a brief account of your personal details, your education, and the jobs you have had. You are often asked to send a r´esum´e when you are applying for a job. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually = curriculum vitae )
N-COUNT also resum´e .

r´esum´e

noun

summary

pr´ecis

recapitulation

rundown

synopsis

resurface

[D.J.:ˌri:ˈsə:fis]

[K.K.:riˈsɚfəs]

vt.

给(路等)铺设新路面

vi.

重新升至表面, 重新露面

resurfacing

[ri:ˈsə:fisiŋ]

n.

再铺平;再涂层

resurface *

1. resurface resurfaces resurfacing resurfaced
If something such as an idea or problem resurfaces , it becomes important or noticeable again.

- These ideas resurfaced again in the American civil rights movement.

- The disease was said to have resurfaced in three countries.

VB

2. resurface resurfaces resurfacing resurfaced
If someone who has not been seen for a long time resurfaces , they suddenly appear again. (INFORMAL)

- It is likely that they would go into hiding for a few weeks, and resurface when the publicity has died down.

VB
= reappear

3. resurface resurfaces resurfacing resurfaced
If someone or something that has been under water resurfaces , they come back to the surface of the water again.

- George struggled wildly, going under and resurfacing at regular intervals.

VB

4. resurface resurfaces resurfacing resurfaced
To resurface something such as a road means to put a new surface on it.

- Meanwhile the race is on to resurface the road before next Wednesday.

VB

resurgence

[D.J.:rɪˈsɜ:dʒəns]

[K.K.:rɪˈsə..dʒəns]

n.

复苏

resurgence *

resurgence
If there is a resurgence of an attitude or activity, it reappears and grows. (FORMAL)

- Police say drugs traffickers are behind the resurgence of violence.

- ...a period of economic resurgence.

N-SING: also no det, oft N of n

resurgence

noun

revival

rebirth

re-emergence

renaissance

resumption

resurrection

return

resurgent

[D.J.:rɪˈsɜ:dʒənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈsə..dʒənt]

adj.

复活的,复兴的

resurgent

resurgent
You use resurgent to say that something is becoming stronger and more popular after a period when it has been weak and unimportant. (FORMAL)

- ...the threat from the resurgent nationalist movement.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

resurrect

[D.J.:ˌrezəˈrekt]

[K.K.:ˌrɛzəˈrɛkt]

vt.

使复活;使复苏

使再活跃;使再流行

挖出

vi.

复活；复苏

resurrection

[D.J.:ˌrezəˈrekʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛzəˈrɛkʃən]

n.

<宗>耶稣复活

<宗>(最后审判日)所有死者的复活

恢复使用、活动等;重新流行

resurrectional

adj.

复活的,复兴的

resurrectionist

n.

盗尸者

使复活者,使复兴者

相信复活的人

resurrection man

n.

盗尸者

resurrectional

复活的;耶稣复活的;复活节的

resurrectionist

[D.J.:ˌrezəˈrekʃənɪst]

[K.K.:ˌrɛzəˈrɛkʃənɪst]

掘尸的人[贼]

resurrect *

1. resurrect resurrects resurrecting resurrected
If you resurrect something, you cause it to exist again after it had disappeared or ended.

- Attempts to resurrect the ceasefire have already failed once.

- Sam Torrance is the man I have to thank for resurrecting my career.

VB

2. resurrection

- This is a resurrection of an old story from the mid-70s.

N-UNCOUNT

resurrect

verb

revive

bring back

reintroduce

renew

resurrection

noun

revival

reappearance

rebirth

renaissance

renewal

restoration

resurgence

return

Resurrection *

Resurrection
In Christian belief, the Resurrection is the event in which Jesus Christ came back to life after he had been killed.
N-PROPER: the N

resuscitate

[D.J.:rɪˈsʌsɪˌteɪt]

[K.K.:rɪˈsʌsɪˌtet]

vt.

使(某人或某物)恢复知觉,苏醒

resuscitation

n.

恢复知觉,苏醒

resuscitative

adj.

使恢复知觉的,苏醒的

resuscitator

n.

使苏醒或复活的人

<医>复苏器

resuscitation

[D.J.:rɪˌs ʌsɪˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˌs ʌsəˈteʃən]

n.

复活;复苏

恢复;复兴

resuscitative

adj.

使复生的,使复兴的

resuscitator

[D.J.:riˈsʌsiteitə]

[K.K.:rɪˈsʌsɪˌtetɚ]

n.

使复活的人,人工呼吸器

resuscitate *

1. resuscitate resuscitates resuscitating resuscitated
If you resuscitate someone who has stopped breathing, you cause them to start breathing again.

- A policeman and then a paramedic tried to resuscitate her.

VB

2. resuscitation

- Despite attempts at resuscitation, Mr Lynch died a week later in hospital.

N-UNCOUNT

3. resuscitate resuscitates resuscitating resuscitated
If you resuscitate something, you cause it to become active or successful again.

- He has submitted a bid to resuscitate the weekly magazine, which closed in April with losses of £1million a year.

VB
= revive

4. resuscitation

- The economy needs vigorous resuscitation.

N-UNCOUNT

resuscitate

verb

revive

bring round

resurrect

revitalize

save

retail

[D.J.:ˈri:teil]

[K.K.:ˈriˌtel]

n.

零售

[ri:ˈteil]

vt. & vi.

零售

vt.

传播, 转述

retailing

[D.J.:ˈri:teiliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈriˌtelɪŋ]

n.

零售业

retail ***

1. retail
Retail is the activity of selling goods direct to the public, usually in small quantities. Compare wholesale .

- Retail stores usually count on the Christmas season to make up to half of their annual profits.

- Retail sales grew just 3.8 percent last year.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

2. retail
If something is sold retail , it is sold in ordinary shops direct to the public.
ADV: ADV after v

3. retail retails retailing retailed
If an item in a shop retails at or for a particular price, it is on sale at that price.

- It originally retailed at £23.50.

VB
= sell

4. retail retails retailing retailed
If someone retails a story or event, they tell it to someone else, often in detail and in an exciting way. (LITERARY)

- Mr Hastings gleefully retailed the story to Mr Anderson over lunch.

VB
= recount

retailing *

retailing
Retailing is the activity of selling goods direct to the public, usually in small quantities. Compare wholesaling .

- She spent fourteen years in retailing.

- ...the car retailing industry.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

retailer

[D.J.:ˈri:teɪlə]

[K.K.:ˈritelɚ]

n.

零售商;零售店

[D.J.:rɪˈteɪlə]

[K.K.:rɪˈtelɚ]

n.

详述者;复述者;传播者

retailer **

retailer retailers
A retailer is a person or business that sells goods to the public.

- Furniture and carpet retailers are among those reporting the sharpest annual decline in sales.

N-COUNT

retail park

retail park retail parks
A retail park is a large, specially built area usually at the edge of a town or city where there are a lot of large shops, and sometimes other facilities such as cinemas and restaurants.
N-COUNT

retail price index

retail price index
The retail price index is a list of the prices of typical goods which shows how much the cost of living changes from one month to the next. (BRIT; in AM use cost-of-living index )

- The retail price index for September, to be released on Friday, is expected to show inflation edging up to about 10.8 per cent.

N-PROPER: the N

retain

[D.J.:riˈtein]

[K.K.:rɪˈten]

vt.

保持; 保留

止住; 容纳

retain ***

1. retain retains retaining retained
To retain something means to continue to have that thing. (FORMAL)

- The interior of the shop still retains a nineteenth-century atmosphere.

- He retains a deep respect for the profession.

- Other countries retained their traditional and habitual ways of doing things.

- If left covered in a warm place, this rice will retain its heat for a good hour.

VB
= keep

2. retain retains retaining retained
If you retain a lawyer, you pay him or her a fee to make sure that he or she will represent you when your case comes before the court. (LEGAL)

- He decided to retain him for the trial.

VB

retain

verb

1.

keep

hold

hold back

maintain

preserve

reserve

save

2.

hire

commission

employ

engage

pay

reserve

retainer

[D.J.:riˈteinə]

[K.K.:rɪˈtenɚ]

n.

(尤指付给讼务律师的)聘用定金

(为外出期间保留租房等而付的)定金

(尤指服务多年的)仆人

retainer *

1. retainer retainers
A retainer is a fee that you pay to someone in order to make sure that they will be available to do work for you if you need them to.

- I'll need a five-hundred-dollar retainer.

- Liz was being paid a regular monthly retainer.

N-COUNT

2. retainer retainers
A servant who has been with one family for a long time can be referred to as a retainer . (OLD-FASHIONED)

- I found the gardener, a family retainer, morosely surveying the scene.

N-COUNT
= servant

retainer

noun

1.

fee

advance

deposit

2.

servant

attendant

domestic

retaining wall

retaining wall retaining walls
A retaining wall is a wall that is built to prevent the earth behind it from moving.
N-COUNT

retake

[D.J.:ri:ˈteɪk]

[K.K.:riˈtek]

vt.

再拿,再取,夺回

重拍(照片、影片等)

重新(考试等),补考

n.

电影镜头的重拍

重考,补考;参加重考或补考的人

retook

[D.J.:ˈri:ˈtuk]

[K.K.:riˈtʊk]

retake的过去式

retake *

1. retake retakes retaking retook retaken
If a military force retakes a place or building which it has lost in a war or battle, it captures it again.

- Residents were moved 30 miles away as the rebels retook the town.

VB
= recapture

2. retake retakes
If during the making of a film there is a retake of a particular scene, that scene is filmed again because it needs to be changed or improved.

- The director, Ron Howard, was dissatisfied with Nicole's response even after several retakes.

N-COUNT

3. retake retakes retaking retook retaken
If you retake a course or an examination, you take it again because you failed it the first time.

- I had one year in the sixth form to retake my O levels.

VB

4. retake retakes
Also a noun.

- Limits will be placed on the number of exam retakes students can sit.

N-COUNT
= resit

retook

Retook is the past tense of retake .

retaliate

[D.J.:riˈtælieit]

[K.K.:rɪˈtæliˌet]

vi.

报复, 反击

retaliation

[D.J.:rɪˌtælɪˈeɪʃn]

[K.K.: rɪˌtælɪˈeʃən]

n.

报复；反击

retaliate **

1. retaliate retaliates retaliating retaliated
If you retaliate when someone harms or annoys you, you do something which harms or annoys them in return.

- I was sorely tempted to retaliate.

- Christie retaliated by sending his friend a long letter detailing Carl's utter incompetence.

- The militia responded by saying it would retaliate against any attacks.

- They may retaliate with sanctions on other products if the bans are disregarded.

VB

2. retaliation

- Police said they believed the attack was in retaliation for the death of the drug trafficker.

N-UNCOUNT

retaliate

verb

pay (someone) back

get even with informal

get one's own back informal

hit back

reciprocate

strike back

take revenge

retaliation

noun

revenge

an eye for an eye

counterblow

reciprocation

repayment

reprisal

requital

vengeance

retaliatory

[riˈtæliətri]

adj.

报复的

retaliatory

retaliatory
If you take retaliatory action, you try to harm or annoy someone who has harmed or annoyed you. (FORMAL)

- There's been talk of a retaliatory blockade to prevent supplies getting through.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

retard

[D.J.:rɪˈtɑ:d]

[K.K.:rɪˈtɑrd]

vt.

使减速;妨碍;阻止

推迟,延迟

<机>使(点火)延迟

vi.

减慢;受到阻滞

n.

减速;阻滞;延迟

retarded

[D.J.:riˈtɑ:dəd]

[K.K.:rɪˈtɑrdɪd]

adj.

(尤指儿童)(智力)发育迟缓的, 弱智的

retarding

迟滞;减速

retard

1. retard retards retarding retarded
If something retards a process, or the development of something, it makes it happen more slowly. (FORMAL)

- Continuing violence will retard negotiations over the country's future.

VB
= slow down

2. retard retards
If you describe someone as a retard , you mean that they have not developed normally, either mentally or socially. (INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)

- What the hell do I want with an emotional retard?

N-COUNT disapproval

retarded *

retarded
Someone who is retarded is much less advanced mentally than most people of their age. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...a special school for mentally retarded children.

ADJ-GRADED

retard

verb

slow down

arrest

check

delay

handicap

hinder

hold back or up

impede

set back

retardation

[D.J.:ˌri:tɑ:ˈdeiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌritɑrˈdeʃən]

n.

延迟

retardation

retardation
Retardation is the process of making something happen or develop more slowly, or the fact of being less well developed than other people or things of the same kind. (FORMAL)

- Meeting other parents whose children had mental retardation helped us accept some of Ted's limitations.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

retch

[D.J.:retʃ]

[K.K.:rɛtʃ]

vi.

干呕

retching

干呕

retch

retch retches retching retched
If you retch , your stomach moves as if you are vomiting.

- The smell made me retch.

VB
= heave

retch

verb

gag

be sick

heave

puke slang

regurgitate

spew

throw up informal

vomit

retd

retd
retd is a written abbreviation for retired . It is used after someone's name to indicate that they have retired from the army, navy, or air force.

- ...Commander J. R. Simpson, RN (retd).

= retired

retell

[D.J.:ri:ˈtel]

[K.K.:riˈtɛl]

vt.

(以不同的方式或语言)复述；重述

retold

[D.J.:ri:ˈtəuld]

[K.K.:riˈtold]

retell的过去式及过去分词

retell

1. retell retells retelling retold
If you retell a story, you write it, tell it, or present it again, often in a different way from its original form.

- Lucilla often asks her sisters to retell the story.

- It is a tale which has often been retold within West Indian literature.

VB

2. retelling retellings

- ...this briskly attractive retelling of the Biblical creation story.

N-COUNT

retold

Retold is the past tense and past participle of retell .

retention

[D.J.:riˈtenʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈtɛnʃən]

n.

具有, 具备, 享有, 享用

记忆力, 记性

挡住, 拦阻; 保持, 保留, 容纳

retention *

retention
The retention of something is the keeping of it. (FORMAL)

- The Citizens' Forum supported special powers for Quebec but also argued for the retention of a strong central government.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n, n N

retentive

[D.J.:rɪˈtentɪv]

[K.K.:rɪˈtɛntɪv]

adj.

(指记忆力)有记性的,记性强的

能保持或容纳液体等的

retentively

adv.

有记性地,记性强地

retentiveness

n.

有记性,记性强

retentivity

n.

保持力

<物>顽磁性

retentively

adv.

保持地,记性好地

retentiveness

n.

保持力,好记性

retentivity

[D.J.:ˌri:tenˈtiviti]

[K.K.:ˌritɛnˈtɪvɪti]

n.

保持力,记忆力

retentive

retentive
If you have a retentive memory, you are able to remember things very well.

- Luke was very quick and had an amazingly retentive memory.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

rethink

[D.J.:ri:ˈθɪŋk]

[K.K.:riˈθɪŋk]

vt. & vi.

重新考虑或再想

n.

再思考,反思

rethink *

1. rethink rethinks rethinking rethought
If you rethink something such as a problem, a plan, or a policy, you think about it again and change it.

- Both major political parties are having to rethink their policies.

- I think all of us need to rethink our attitudes toward health and sickness.

VB
= reconsider

2. rethinking

- ...some fundamental rethinking of the way in which pilots are trained.

N-UNCOUNT
= reconsideration

3. rethink
If you have a rethink of a problem, a plan, or a policy, you think about it again and change it. (JOURNALISM)

- There must be a rethink of government policy towards this vulnerable group.

N-SING: oft N of/on n

rethought

Rethought is the past tense and past participle of rethink .

reticence

[D.J.:ˈretɪsəns]

[K.K.:ˈrɛtɪsəns]

n.

不轻易暴露想法或感情;沉默,缄默

不爱说话,沉默寡言

含蓄,保留

reticent

[D.J.:ˈretɪsənt]

[K.K.:ˈrɛtɪsənt]

adj.

不轻易暴露思想或感情的;有保留的

reticent *

1. reticent
Someone who is reticent does not tell people about things.

- She is so reticent about her achievements.

- Mrs. Smith, normally a reticent woman, took it upon herself to write to the President.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about/on n
= reserved

2. reticence

- Pearl didn't mind his reticence; in fact she liked it.

N-UNCOUNT
= reserve

reticence

noun

silence

quietness

reserve

taciturnity

reticent

adjective

uncommunicative

close-lipped

quiet

reserved

silent

taciturn

tight-lipped

unforthcoming

retina

[D.J.:ˈretnə]

[K.K.:ˈrɛtnə]

n.

视网膜

retina *

retina retinas
Your retina is the area at the back of your eye. It receives the image that you see and then sends the image to your brain.
N-COUNT

retinal

[D.J.:ˈretinəl]

[K.K.:ˈrɛtnˌæl, -ˌɔl]

adj.

视网膜的

retinal

retinal
Retinal means relating to a person's retina. (TECHNICAL)

- Successful medical research means nine out of ten children with retinal cancer will survive.

ADJ: ADJ n

retinue

[D.J.:ˈretnˌu:, -ˌju:]

[K.K.:ˈrɛtn..ˌu, -ˌju]

n.

一批随员

retinue

retinue retinues
An important person's retinue is the group of servants, friends, or assistants who go with them and look after their needs.

- Mind trainers are now as much a part of a tennis star's retinue as the body trainers.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n
= entourage

retinue

noun

attendants

aides

entourage

escort

followers

servants

retire

[D.J.:riˈtaiə]

[K.K.:rɪˈtaɪr]

vt. & vi.

退职; 退役; (使)退休

vi.

退下; 撤退

就寝

retired

[D.J.:rɪˈtaɪəd]

[K.K.:rɪˈtaɪrd]

adj.

退休的;退职的;退后的

retiredness

n.

退休

retiredness

n.

退隐,引退,离群索居

retiring

[D.J.:rɪˈtaɪərɪŋ]

[K.K.:rɪˈtaɪrɪŋ]

adj.

即将退休的，即将离职的，即将退役的

过隐居生活的,孤僻的;害羞的

retiringly

adv.

孤僻地,害羞地

retiringness

n.

孤僻,害羞

retiring room

休息室

厕所

retire ***

1. retire retires retiring retired
When older people retire , they leave their job and usually stop working completely.

- At the age when most people retire, he is ready to face a new career.

- Although their careers are important many said they plan to retire at 50.

- In 1974 he retired from the museum.

VB

2. retire retires retiring retired
When a sports player retires from their sport, they stop playing in competitions. When they retire from a race or a match, they stop competing in it.

- I have decided to retire from Formula One racing at the end of the season.

- One of the most serious injuries was to Simon Littlejohn, who was forced to retire from the race with a leg injury.

VB

3. retire retires retiring retired
If you retire to another room or place, you go there. (FORMAL)

- Eisenhower left the White House and retired to his farm in Gettysburg.

VB

4. retire retires retiring retired
When a jury in a court of law retires , the members of it leave the court in order to decide whether someone is guilty or innocent.

- The jury will retire to consider its verdict today.

VB

5. retire retires retiring retired
When you retire , you go to bed. (FORMAL)

- She retires early most nights, exhausted.

- Some time after midnight, he retired to bed.

VB

retired **

retired
A retired person is an older person who has left his or her job and has usually stopped working completely.

- ...a seventy-three-year-old retired teacher from Florida.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

retiring

retiring
Someone who is retiring is shy and avoids meeting other people.

- I'm still that shy, retiring little girl who was afraid to ask for sweets in the shop.

ADJ-GRADED
= reserved shy

retire

verb

1.

stop working

give up work

2.

withdraw

depart

exit

go away

leave

3.

go to bed

hit the hay slang

hit the sack slang

turn in informal

retiring

adjective

shy

bashful

quiet

reserved

self-effacing

timid

unassertive

unassuming

retiree

[D.J.:rɪˌtaɪərˈi:]

[K.K.:rɪˌtaɪrˈi]

n.

退休者;退职者;退役者

retiree *

retiree retirees
A retiree is a retired person. (mainly AM)

- We have newer generations of retirees who have completely different expectations of what later life might bring to them.

N-COUNT

retirement

[D.J.:rɪˈtaɪəmənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈtaɪrmənt]

n.

退休;退职;退役

退休的实例

退休生活;遁世,隐居

retirement ***

1. retirement retirements
Retirement is the time when a worker retires.

- The proportion of the population who are over retirement age has grown tremendously in the past few years.

- The Governor of the prison and another official are to take early retirement.

N-VAR: oft N n

2. retirement
A person's retirement is the period in their life after they have retired.

- `Growing Older' considered the needs of the elderly for financial support during retirement.

N-UNCOUNT

retirement

noun

withdrawal

privacy

retreat

seclusion

solitude

retirement home

retirement home retirement homes
A retirement home is a place where old people live and are cared for when they are too old to look after themselves.
N-COUNT
= rest home old people's home

retool

[D.J.:ˌri:ˈtu:l]

[K.K.:riˈtul]

vt. & vi.

(给…)更换工具; (给…)更换机械设备

vt.

改组; 革新

retooling

重组;再加工

retool

1. retool retools retooling retooled
If the machines in a factory or the items of equipment used by a firm are retooled , they are replaced or changed so that they can do new tasks.

- Each time the product changes, the machines have to be retooled and the workers retrained.

VB

2. retooling

- Retooling, or recasting new toy moulds, is a slow and expensive process.

N-UNCOUNT

retort

[D.J.:riˈtɔ:t]

[K.K.:rɪˈtɔrt]

vt.

反驳

n.

反驳, 回嘴

反驳的回答

retorting

[riˈtɔ:tiŋ]

n.

甑馏,干馏

retort **

1. retort retorts retorting retorted
To retort means to reply angrily to someone. (WRITTEN)

- Was he afraid, he was asked. `Afraid of what?' he retorted.

- Others retort that strong central power is a dangerous thing in Russia.

VB

2. retort retorts
Also a noun.

- His sharp retort clearly made an impact.

N-COUNT
= rejoinder

retort

verb

1.

reply

answer

come back with

counter

respond

return

riposte

noun

2.

reply

answer

comeback informal

rejoinder

response

riposte

retouch

[D.J.:ˌri:ˈtʌtʃ]

[K.K.:riˈtʌtʃ]

vt.

润色, 修描(照片)

retouching

手修;补釉

retouch

retouch retouches retouching retouched
If someone retouches something such as a picture or a photograph, they improve it, for example by painting over parts of it.

- He said the photographs had been retouched.

- She put on fresh clothes and retouched her make-up.

VB

retrace

[D.J.:ri:ˈtreɪs]

[K.K.:riˈtres]

vt.

折回

回忆,回顾,追溯

retrace *

retrace retraces retracing retraced
If you retrace your steps or retrace your way, you return to the place you started from by going back along the same route.

- He retraced his steps to the spot where he'd left the case.

VB

retract

[D.J.:rɪˈtrækt]

[K.K.:rɪˈtrækt]

vt. & vi.

撤回或撤消

拒绝执行或遵守

缩回, 拉回

retracting

收起

retraction

[D.J.:riˈtrækʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈtrækʃən]

n.

收回

retract *

1. retract retracts retracting retracted
If you retract something that you have said or written, you say that you did not mean it. (FORMAL)

- Mr Smith hurriedly sought to retract the statement, but it had just been broadcast on national radio.

- He's hoping that if he makes me feel guilty, I'll retract.

VB

2. retraction retractions

- Miss Pearce said she expected an unqualified retraction of his comments within twenty four hours.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= withdrawal

3. retract retracts retracting retracted
When a part of a machine or a part of a person's body retracts or is retracted , it moves inwards or becomes shorter. (FORMAL)

- Torn muscles retract, and lose strength, structure, and tightness.

- ...when the aircraft's wheels were retracted.

V-ERG

retract

verb

1.

withdraw

deny

disavow

disclaim

eat one's words

recant

renege

renounce

revoke

take back

2.

draw in

pull back

pull in

sheathe

retractable

[D.J.:rɪˈtræktəbl]

[K.K.:rɪˈtræktəbl..]

adj.

可收回的，可撤消的，可缩回的，可缩进的

retractable

retractable
A retractable part of a machine or a building can be moved inwards or backwards.

- A 20,000-seat arena with a retractable roof is planned.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

retrain

[D.J.:ri:ˈtrein]

[K.K.:riˈtren]

vt.

重新教育,再教育

retraining

n.

再训练

retrain *

1. retrain retrains retraining retrained
If you retrain , or if someone retrains you, you learn new skills, especially in order to get a new job.

- Look at what you can do to retrain for a job which will make you happier.

- Union leaders have called upon the government to help retrain workers.

V-ERG

2. retraining

- ...measures such as the retraining of the workforce at their place of work...

- What is the good of retraining programmes if there are not any jobs to go to?

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

retread

[D.J.:ˈri:ˈtred]

[K.K.:riˈtrɛd]

v.

翻新

retread

1. retread retreads
If you describe something such as a book, film, or song as a retread , you mean that it contains ideas or elements that have been used before, and that it is not very interesting or original.

- His last book, `Needful Things', was a retread of tired material.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n disapproval

2. retread retreads
A retread is an old tyre which has been given a new surface or tread and can be used again.
N-COUNT
= remould

retreat

[D.J.:riˈtri:t]

[K.K.:rɪˈtrit]

vi.

撤退; 退却

规避, 退缩

n.

退却, 撤退

退军号, 收兵号

隐退处, 静居处

静修(期)

retreating

再加工;再精制

retreat ***

1. retreat retreats retreating retreated
If you retreat , you move away from something or someone.

- `I've already got a job,' I said quickly, and retreated from the room.

- The young nurse pulled a face at the Matron's retreating figure.

VB

2. retreat retreats retreating retreated
When an army retreats , it moves away from enemy forces in order to avoid fighting them.

- The French, suddenly outnumbered, were forced to retreat.

- Retreating soldiers were dousing homes and shops with petrol and setting them on fire.

VB

3. retreat retreats
Also a noun.

- In June 1942, the British 8th Army was in full retreat.

N-VAR

4. retreat retreats retreating retreated
If you retreat from something such as a plan or a way of life, you give it up, usually in order to do something safer or less extreme.

- I believe people should live in houses that allow them to retreat from the harsh realities of life.

- From bouncing confidence she had retreated into self-pity.

VB

5. retreat retreats
Also a noun.

- The President's remarks appear to signal that there will be no retreat from his position.

- It's a retreat into the adolescence they never really had.

N-VAR: usu N from/into n

6. retreat retreats
A retreat is a quiet, isolated place that you go to in order to rest or to do things in private.

- He spent yesterday hidden away in his country retreat.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

7. retreat
If you beat a retreat , you leave a place quickly in order to avoid an embarrassing or dangerous situation.

- Cockburn decided it was time to beat a hasty retreat.

PHR: V inflects

retreat

verb

1.

withdraw

back away

back off

depart

draw back

fall back

go back

leave

pull back

noun

2.

withdrawal

departure

evacuation

flight

retirement

3.

refuge

haven

hideaway

sanctuary

seclusion

shelter

retrench

[D.J.:rɪˈtrentʃ]

[K.K.:rɪˈtrɛntʃ]

vi.

紧缩开支

vt.

削减(费用)

节省

retrenchment

n.

retrenchment

[D.J.:riˈtrentʃmənt]

[K.K.:rɪˈtrɛntʃmənt]

n.

节省,删除

retrench

retrench retrenches retrenching retrenched
If a person or organization retrenches , they spend less money. (FORMAL)

- Shortly afterwards, cuts in defence spending forced the aerospace industry to retrench.

VB
= cut back economize

retrench

verb

cut back

economize

make economies

save

tighten one's belt

retrenchment

retrenchment retrenchments
Retrenchment means spending less money. (FORMAL)

- Defense planners predict an extended period of retrenchment.

- ...a need for industrial retrenchment and restructuring.

N-VAR

retrenchment

noun

cutback

cost-cutting

cut

economy

tightening one's belt

retrial

[D.J.:ri:ˈtraɪəl, -ˈtraɪl, ˈri:ˌtraɪəl, -ˌtraɪl]

[K.K.:riˈtraɪəl, -ˈtraɪl, ˈriˌtraɪəl, -ˌtraɪl]

n.

再审;复审

retrial

retrial retrials
A retrial is a second trial of someone for the same offence.

- An Old Bailey judge yesterday ordered the retrial of a policeman accused of planting soft drugs on a black car mechanic.

N-COUNT: usu sing

retribution

[D.J.:ˌretrəˈbju:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛtrəˈbjuʃən]

n.

(由于伤害等)应得的惩罚或赔偿

retribution *

retribution
Retribution is punishment for a crime, especially punishment which is carried out by someone other than the official authorities. (FORMAL)

- He didn't want any further involvement for fear of retribution.

N-UNCOUNT
= punishment

retribution

noun

punishment

justice

Nemesis

reckoning

reprisal

retaliation

revenge

vengeance

retrieval

[D.J.:rɪˈtri:vəl]

[K.K.:rɪˈtrivəl]

n.

重获,取回,检索,挽回,恢复

retrieval *

1. retrieval
The retrieval of information from a computer is the process of getting it back.

- ...electronic storage and retrieval systems.

N-UNCOUNT

2. retrieval
The retrieval of something is the process of getting it back from a particular place, especially from a place where it should not be.

- Its real purpose is the launching and retrieval of small aeroplanes in flight.

N-UNCOUNT
= recovery

retrieve

[D.J.:riˈtri:v]

[K.K.:rɪˈtriv]

vt.

寻回, 找回

恢复, 挽回

检索(储存的信息)

使某事物恢复旺盛状态

vt. & vi.

(指经过训练的狗)找到并衔回(被打死或打伤的鸟等)

retrieving

[riˈtri:viŋ]

n.

检索(过程)，取还

retrieve **

1. retrieve retrieves retrieving retrieved
If you retrieve something, you get it back from the place where you left it.

- He reached over and retrieved his jacket from the back seat.

- The men were trying to retrieve weapons left when the army abandoned the island.

VB
= recover get back

2. retrieve retrieves retrieving retrieved
If you manage to retrieve a situation, you succeed in bringing it back into a more acceptable state.

- He, the one man who could retrieve that situation, might receive the call.

VB
= save

3. retrieve retrieves retrieving retrieved
To retrieve information from a computer or from your memory means to get it back.

- Computers can instantly retrieve millions of information bits.

- As the child gets older, so his or her strategies for storing and retrieving information improve.

VB

retrieve

verb

get back

recapture

recoup

recover

redeem

regain

restore

save

win back

retriever

[D.J.:riˈtri:və]

[K.K.:rɪˈtrivɚ]

n.

寻猎物犬

retriever

retriever retrievers
A retriever is a kind of dog. Retrievers are traditionally used to bring back birds and animals which their owners have shot.
N-COUNT

retro

[D.J.:ˈretrəu]

[K.K.:ˈrɛtro]

n.

制动火箭,减速火箭

retro *

retro
Retro clothes, music, and objects are based on the styles of the past. (JOURNALISM)

- ...clothes shops where original versions of many of today's retro looks can be found for a fraction of the price.

ADJ

retro-

pref.

表示“向后,回复”之义

retro-

retro-
Retro- is used to form adjectives and nouns which indicate that something goes back or goes backwards.

- ...exotic effects and retro-style photography.

PREFIX

retroactive

[D.J.:retrəuˈæktiv]

[K.K.:ˌrɛtroˈæktɪv]

adj.

反动的,追溯的,有追溯力的,从以往某天开始生效

retroactively

adv.

逆动地,追溯地

retroactive

1. retroactive
If a decision or action is retroactive , it is intended to take effect from a date in the past. (FORMAL)

- There are few precedents for the sort of retroactive legislation the banks want.

ADJ
= retrospective

2. retroactively

- It isn't yet clear whether the new law can actually be applied retroactively.

ADV: ADV with v
= retrospectively

retrofit

[D.J.:ˈretrəˌfit]

[K.K.:ˈrɛtroˌfɪt]

n.

式样翻新,花样翻新

retrofit

1. retrofit retrofits retrofitting retrofitted
To retrofit a machine or a building means to put new parts or new equipment in it after it has been in use for some time, especially to improve its safety or make it work better.

- Much of this business involves retrofitting existing planes.

- Damaged houses have been repaired, roads repaved and buildings retrofitted.

VB

2. retrofit
Also a noun.

- In a retrofit, this may mean having to put in new door jambs and reworking the molding around windows and doors.

- The retrofit program will be carried out at the Montreal facilities.

N-COUNT; also N n

retrogradation

[ˌretrəuɡrəˈdeiʃən]

n.

倒行,倒退

retrograde

[D.J.:ˈretrəˌgreɪd]

[K.K.:ˈrɛtrəˌɡred]

adj.

向后的,后退的

退化的,恶化的,衰退的

retrogradation

n.

向后,后退

退化,恶化,衰退

retrograde

retrograde
A retrograde action is one that you think makes a situation worse rather than better. (FORMAL)

- The Prime Minister described transferring education to central government funding as `a retrograde step'.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

retrograde

adjective

declining

backward

degenerative

deteriorating

downward

regressive

retrogressive

worsening

retrogression

[D.J.:ˌretrəuˈɡreʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛtrəˈɡrɛʃən]

n.

后退,衰退,退化,退步

retrogression

retrogression
Retrogression means moving back to an earlier and less efficient stage of development. (FORMAL)

- There has been a retrogression in the field of human rights since 1975.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N
= regression

retrogressive

[ˌretrəuˈɡresiv]

adj.

倒退的

retrogressive

retrogressive
If you describe an action or idea as retrogressive , you disapprove of it because it returns to old ideas or beliefs and does not take advantage of recent progress. (FORMAL)

- The Prime Minister is still hoping that the voters will choose his forward-looking policies over the often retrogressive policies of the National parties.

ADJ disapproval
= regressive

retrospect

[D.J.:ˈretrəspekt]

[K.K.:ˈrɛtrəˌspɛkt]

n.

回顾, 回想

retrospect *

retrospect
When you consider something in retrospect , you think about it afterwards, and often have a different opinion about it from the one that you had at the time.

- In retrospect, I wish that I had thought about alternative courses of action.

- It was a very strange feeling in retrospect -- I was frightened, but excited at the same time.

PHR: PHR with cl

retrospect

noun

hindsight

re-examination

review

retrospective

[D.J.:ˌretrəˈspektɪv]

[K.K.:ˌrɛtrəˈspɛktɪv]

adj.

回顾的

(指法律、支付关系等)有追溯效力的

retrospectively

adv.

回顾地

retrospective *

1. retrospective retrospectives
A retrospective is an exhibition or showing of work done by an artist over many years, rather than his or her most recent work.

- ...a retrospective of the films of Judy Garland...

- They honoured him with a retrospective exhibition in 1987.

N-COUNT

2. retrospective
Retrospective feelings or opinions concern things that happened in the past.

- Afterwards, retrospective fear of the responsibility would make her feel almost faint.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. retrospectively

- Retrospectively, it seems as if they probably were negligent.

- To ascribe opinions retrospectively is of course very dangerous.

ADV: ADV with cl, ADV with v
= in retrospect

4. retrospective
Retrospective laws or legal actions take effect from a date before the date when they are officially approved.

- Bankers are quick to condemn retrospective tax legislation.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= retroactive

5. retrospectively

- ...a decree which retrospectively changes the electoral law under which last year's national elections were held.

ADV: ADV with v
= retroactively

retune

[ri:ˈthu:n]

v.

重新调整(调节)

retuning

重调;重调谐

retune

retune retunes retuning retuned
To retune a piece of equipment such as a radio, television, or video means to adjust it so that it receives a different channel, or so that it receives the same channel on a different frequency.

- ...this means that listeners in cars should not have to retune as they drive across the country.

- ...plans to retune VCRs to allow viewers to receive the signal.

VB

return

[D.J.:riˈtə:n]

[K.K.:rɪˈtɚn]

vi.

返回, 回来

恢复

vt.

还, 归还, 退回

回报

n.

回来, 回程, 回路

偿还, 归还

回复; 回归; 复发

归还之物

利润, 收益

returned

[riˈtə:nd]

adj.

被送回的,归来的

returns

回炉料;回炉物;回用料;返回料

return *****

1. return returns returning returned
When you return to a place, you go back there after you have been away.

- There are unconfirmed reports that Aziz will return to Moscow within hours.

- Our correspondent Stephen Sackur has just returned from the camps on the border.

- So far more than 350,000 people have returned home.

VB

2. return
Your return is your arrival back at a place where you had been before.

- Ryle explained the reason for his sudden return to London.

N-SING: with poss

3. return returns returning returned
If you return something that you have borrowed or taken, you give it back or put it back.

- I enjoyed the book and said so when I returned it.

- The car was not returned on time, then was reported stolen.

VB

4. return
Also a noun.

- The main demand of the Indians is for the return of one-and-a-half-million acres of forest to their communities.

N-SING: usu N of n

5. return returns returning returned
If you return something somewhere, you put it back where it was.

- He returned the notebook to his jacket.

VB

6. return returns returning returned
If you return someone's action, you do the same thing to them as they have just done to you. If you return someone's feeling, you feel the same way towards them as they feel towards you.

- Back at the station the Chief Inspector returned the call.

- She will be disappointed if her feelings are not returned.

VB

7. return returns returning returned
If a feeling or situation returns , it comes back or happens again after a period when it was not present.

- Official reports in Algeria suggest that calm is returning to the country.

- The pain returned in waves.

VB

8. return
Also a noun.

- It was like the return of his youth.

N-SING: with supp

9. return returns returning returned
If you return to a state that you were in before, you start being in that state again.

- Life has improved and returned to normal.

VB

10. return
Also a noun.

- He made an uneventful return to normal health.

- The opposition now fears a return to martial rule.

N-SING: N to n

11. return returns returning returned
If you return to a subject that you have mentioned before, you begin talking about it again.

- The power of the Church is one theme all these writers return to.

VB

12. return returns returning returned
If you return to an activity that you were doing before, you start doing it again.

- At that stage he will be 52, young enough to return to politics if he wishes to do so.

VB

13. return
Also a noun.

- He has not ruled out the shock possibility of a return to football.

N-SING: N to n

14. return returns returning returned
When a judge or jury returns a verdict, they announce whether they think the person on trial is guilty or not.

- They returned a verdict of not guilty.

VB

15. return
A return ticket is a ticket for a journey from one place to another and then back again. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use round trip )

- He bought a return ticket and boarded the next train for home.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ single one way

16. return returns
Also a noun.

- BA and Air France charge more than £400 for a return to Nice.

N-COUNT
See also day return .

17. return
The return trip or journey is the part of a journey that takes you back to where you started from.

- Buy an extra ticket for the return trip.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ outward

18. return returns
The return on an investment is the profit that you get from it.

- Profits have picked up this year but the return on capital remains tiny.

- Higher returns and higher risk usually go hand in hand.

N-COUNT
= yield

19. return returns
A tax return is an official form that you fill in with details about your income and personal situation, so that the income tax you owe can be calculated.

- He was convicted of filing false income tax returns.

- Anyone with slight complications in their tax affairs is likely to be asked to fill in a return.

N-COUNT
See also tax return .

20. return returns
Returns are the results of votes after an election.

- Early returns show Bulgaria's opposition party may have won.

N-PLURAL

21. return
When it is someone's birthday, people sometimes say ` Many happy returns ' to them as a way of greeting them.
CONVENTION formulae

22. return
If you do something in return for what someone else has done for you, you do it because they did that thing for you.

- You pay regular premiums and in return the insurance company will pay out a lump sum.

PHR

23. return
If you say that you have reached the point of no return , you mean that you now have to continue with what you are doing and it is too late to stop.

- The release of Mr Nelson Mandela marked the point of no return in South Africa's movement away from apartheid.

PHR

return

verb

1.

come back

go back

reappear

rebound

recur

retreat

revert

turn back

2.

put back

re-establish

reinstate

replace

restore

3.

give back

pay back

recompense

refund

reimburse

repay

4.

reply

answer

respond

retort

5.

elect

choose

vote in

noun

6.

restoration

re-establishment

reinstatement

7.

reappearance

recurrence

8.

retreat

rebound

recoil

9.

profit

gain

income

interest

proceeds

revenue

takings

yield

10.

report

account

form

list

statement

summary

11.

reply

answer

comeback informal

rejoinder

response

retort

returnable

[D.J.:rɪˈtɜ:nəbəl]

[K.K.:rɪˈtə..nəbəl]

adj.

可返回的;可归还的;可回答的

returnable

1. returnable
Returnable containers are intended to be taken back to the place they came from so that they can be used again.

- Under the new rules, all beverages, except dairy products and cider, must be sold in returnable containers.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ non-returnable

2. returnable
If something such as a sum of money or a document is returnable , it will eventually be given back to the person who provided it.

- Landlords can charge a returnable deposit, usually the equivalent of one month's rent.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

returnee

[D.J.:ritə:ˈni:]

[K.K.:rɪˌtɚˈni]

n.

回国人员,返回者

returnee

returnee returnees
A returnee is a person who returns to the country where they were born, usually after they have been away for a long time.

- The spokeswoman said the number of returnees could go as high as half a million.

N-COUNT: usu pl

returner

[riˈtə:nə]

n.

(停职一段时间之后)重新工作的人(尤指女人)

returner

returner returners
A returner is someone who returns to work after a period when they did not work, especially a woman who returns after having children. (BRIT)

- Many `returners' are far more skilled at working with people than they were when they were younger.

N-COUNT

returning officer

returning officer returning officers
In Britain, the returning officer for a particular town or district is an official who is responsible for arranging an election and who formally announces the result.
N-COUNT

return match

return match return matches
A return match is the second of two matches that are played by two sports teams or two players. (BRIT; in AM use rematch )
N-COUNT: usu sing

return visit

return visit return visits
If you make a return visit , you visit someone who has already visited you, or you go back to a place where you have already been once.

- Towards the end of his career he made a nostalgic return visit to Germany.

N-COUNT

reunification

[D.J.:ˌri:ju:nɪfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrijunəfəˈkeʃən]

n.

重新统一;重新团结

reunification *

reunification
The reunification of a country or city that has been divided into two or more parts for some time is the joining of it together again.

- ...the reunification of East and West Beirut in 1991.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

reunion

[D.J.:ˌri:ˈju:niən]

[K.K.:riˈjunjən]

n.

再结合, 重聚; (久别的亲友、同事的)聚会

reunion *

1. reunion reunions
A reunion is a party attended by members of the same family, school, or other group who have not seen each other for a long time.

- The Association holds an annual reunion.

- The whole family was there for this big family reunion.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. reunion reunions
A reunion is a meeting between people who have been separated for some time.

- The children weren't allowed to see her for nearly a week. It was a very emotional reunion.

N-VAR: usu with supp

reunite

[D.J.:ˌri:ju:ˈnaɪt]

[K.K.:ˌrijuˈnaɪt]

vt. & vi.

(使某人或某物)再次联合, 重聚

reunite *

1. reunite reunites reuniting reunited
If people are reunited , or if they reunite , they meet each other again after they have been separated for some time.

- She and her youngest son were finally allowed to be reunited with their family.

- She spent the post-war years of her marriage trying to reunite father and son.

V-ERG

2. reunite reunites reuniting reunited
If a divided organization or country is reunited , or if it reunites , it becomes one united organization or country again.

- Both expressed the hope that Korea could be reunited by the end of the 1990's.

- His first job will be to reunite the army.

- The end of family rule may now give Congress a chance to reunite.

V-ERG

reusable

[D.J.:ri:ˈju:zəbɵl]

[K.K.:riˈjuzəbl..]

adj.

可再用的，可重复使用的，可重用的

reusable

reusable
Things that are reusable can be used more than once.

- The average family in Europe throws as much as £20 worth of reusable materials into its dustbin each year.

- ...re-usable plastic containers.

ADJ also re-usable .
= disposable

reuse

[D.J.:ri:ˈju:z]

[K.K.:riˈjuz]

vt.

再用, 重新使用

[D.J.:ri:ˈju:s]

[K.K.:riˈjus]

n.

再用, 重新使用

reused

[ˈri:ˈju:zd]

n.

再生的

reuse

1. reuse reuses reusing reused
When you reuse something, you use it again instead of throwing it away.

- In several countries public pressure for recycling plastics is greater than the pressure to reuse paper.

VB

2. reuse
Also a noun.

- Copper, brass and aluminium are separated and remelted for reuse.

N-UNCOUNT

rev

[D.J.:rev]

[K.K.:rɛv]

n.

<口>发动机的旋转

vt. & vi.

<口>(使)加速；(数量、活动等)激增

rev up

(使发动机)快速旋转， 加快转速

(使)活跃起来，兴奋起来

rev *

1. rev revs revving revved
When the engine of a vehicle revs , or when you rev it, the engine speed is increased as the accelerator is pressed.

- The engine started, revved and the car jerked away down the hill.

- The old bus was revving its engine, ready to start the journey back towards Madrid.

V-ERG
= gun

2. rev up revs up; revving up; revved up
Rev up means the same as rev .

- ...drivers revving up their engines...

- Then there would be the sound of a car revving up, accompanied by the smell of petrol.

PHR-V-ERG

3. rev revs
If you talk about the revs of an engine, you are referring to its speed, which is measured in revolutions per minute.

- The engine is impressive at all speeds, delivering instant acceleration whatever the revs.

N-PLURAL

rev up *

rev up revs up; revving up; revved up
If you rev something up , or if it revs up , it becomes more intense or more active. (INFORMAL)

- The temptation to rev up the arms race with high-tech weapons is especially dangerous.

- Now he plans to rev up publicity with a regional media campaign.

PHR-V-ERG

revved up

revved up
If someone is revved up , they are prepared for an important or exciting activity. (INFORMAL)

- Every single day my people would come to work and I would get them all revved up, and I would say, `Give me an action plan on this'.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= psyched-up hyped-up

Rev.

[D.J.:rev]

[K.K.:rɛv]

abbr.

=reverend

Rev. **

Rev.
Rev. is a written abbreviation for Reverend .

- ...the Rev John Roberts.

The spelling Rev is also used.
= Revd

revaluation

[ˈri:ˌvæljuˈeiʃən]

n.

再评价

revalue

[D.J.:ri:ˈvælju:]

[K.K.:riˈvælju]

vt.

对某物重新估价

vt. & vi.

调高(货币)的兑换价, 使(货币)升值

revalue *

1. revalue revalues revaluing revalued
When a country revalues its currency, it increases the currency's value so that it can buy more foreign currency than before.

- The Germans began talking openly about revaluing the mark.

VB

2. revaluation revaluations

- There was a general revaluation of other currencies but not the pound.

N-VAR: oft N of n

3. revalue revalues revaluing revalued
To revalue something means to increase the amount that you calculate it is worth so that its value stays roughly the same in comparison with other things, even if there is inflation.

- It is now usual to revalue property assets on a more regular basis.

VB

4. revaluation

- Some British banks have used doubtful property revaluations to improve their capital ratios.

N-VAR: oft N of n

revamp

[D.J.:ri:ˈvæmp]

[K.K.:riˈvæmp]

vt.

将(某物)更新;翻新

revamp *

1. revamp revamps revamping revamped
If someone revamps something, they make changes to it in order to try and improve it.

- All Italy's political parties have accepted that it is time to revamp the system.

- Ricardo Bofill, the Catalan architect, has designed the revamped airport.

VB

2. revamp
Also a noun.

- The revamp includes replacing the old navy uniform with a crisp blue and white cotton outfit.

N-SING

3. revamping

- Expected changes include a revamping of the courts and an adding of safeguards to curb corruption.

N-SING: with supp

revamp

verb

renovate

do up informal

overhaul

recondition

refurbish

restore

rev counter

rev counter
A rev counter is an instrument in a car or an aeroplane which shows the speed of the engine. (BRIT)
N-SING
= tachometer

Revd

abbr.

Reverend 牧师的尊称

Revd

abbr.

Reverend 牧师的尊称

Revd

Revd
Revd is a written abbreviation for Reverend . (BRIT; in AM use Rev. )

- ...the Revd Alfred Gatty.

= Rev

reveal

[D.J.:riˈvi:l]

[K.K.:rɪˈvil]

vt.

显示; 露出

泄露; 透露

revealed

显示,透露

revealing

[D.J.:rɪˈvi:lɪŋ]

[K.K.:rɪˈvilɪŋ]

adj.

暴露部分身体的，袒胸露肩的

揭露(事实等)的,暴露真相的

展现或显示(某物)的,显露的

reveal ****

1. reveal reveals revealing revealed
To reveal something means to make people aware of it.

- She has refused to reveal the whereabouts of her daughter.

- A survey of the British diet has revealed that a growing number of people are overweight.

- After the fire, it was revealed that North Carolina officials had never inspected the factory.

- No test will reveal how much of the drug was taken.

VB

2. reveal reveals revealing revealed
If you reveal something that has been out of sight, you uncover it so that people can see it.

- In the principal room, a grey carpet was removed to reveal the original pine floor.

VB
= show

revealing **

1. revealing
A revealing statement, account, or action tells you something that you did not know, especially about the person doing it or making it.

- ...a revealing interview.

- ...Sophie Tucker's revealing autobiography.

ADJ-GRADED

2. revealingly

- Even more revealingly, he says: `There's no such thing as failure.'

ADV-GRADED

3. revealing
Revealing clothes allow more of a person's body to be seen than is usual.

- She was wearing a tight and revealing gold dress.

ADJ-GRADED

reveal

verb

1.

make known

announce

disclose

divulge

give away

impart

let out

let slip

make public

proclaim

tell

2.

show

display

exhibit

manifest

uncover

unearth

unmask

unveil

reveille

[D.J.:ˈrevəli:]

[K.K.:ˈrɛvəli]

n.

起床号

reveille

reveille
Reveille is the time when soldiers have to get up in the morning.

- It must be nearly six; soon would be reveille and the end of the night's rest.

N-UNCOUNT

revel

[D.J.:ˈrevəl]

[K.K.:ˈrɛvəl]

vi.

作乐;狂欢

着迷；陶醉；得意

revel in

陶醉于；沉迷于；纵情于

n.

狂欢

revel *

1. revel revels revelling revelled
If you revel in a situation or experience, you enjoy it very much.

- Revelling in her freedom, she took a hotel room and stayed for several days even though she was expected home.

- Cats positively revel in heat, whether natural or man-made.

VB (AM) reveling , reveled

2. revel revels
Revels are noisy celebrations. (LITERARY)

- The revels often last until dawn.

N-COUNT: usu pl

revel

verb

1.

celebrate

carouse

live it up informal

make merry

revel in

2.

enjoy

delight in

indulge in

lap up

luxuriate in

relish

take pleasure in

thrive on

noun

often plural 3.

merrymaking

carousal

celebration

festivity

party

spree

revelation

[D.J.:ˌrevəˈleiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛvəˈleʃən]

n.

显露, 泄露, 透露, 揭露

被揭露的事, 暴露出来的事

revelation **

1. revelation revelations
A revelation is a surprising or interesting fact that is made known to people.

- ...the seemingly everlasting revelations about his private life.

- ...the revelation that William had survived the initial attack.

N-COUNT: oft N about n, N that

2. revelation revelations
The revelation of something is the act of making it known.

- ...following the revelation of his affair with a former secretary...

- Further revelations are expected.

N-VAR: oft N of n

3. revelation
If you say that something you experienced was a revelation , you are saying that it was very surprising or very good.

- The noise, the buildings, the people, came as a revelation.

- Degas's work had been a revelation to her.

N-SING: a N, oft N to n

4. revelation revelations
A divine revelation is a sign or explanation from God about his nature or purpose.

- The whole system was based on divine revelation in the Scriptures.

N-VAR

revelation

noun

disclosure

exhibition

expos´e

exposure

news

proclamation

publication

uncovering

unearthing

unveiling

revelatory

[D.J.:ˈrevilətəri]

[K.K.:ˈrɛvələˌtɔri, -ˌtori, rɪˈvɛlə-]

adj.

启示性的,启示的

revelatory

revelatory
A revelatory account or statement tells you a lot that you did not know.

- ...Barbara Stoney's revelatory account of the author's life.

ADJ-GRADED

reveller

[ˈrevlə]

n.

摆设酒宴者,饮酒狂欢者

reveller

reveller revellers
Revellers are people who are enjoying themselves in a noisy way, often while they are drunk. (LITERARY)

- Many of the revellers are tourists and British day-trippers.

N-COUNT: usu pl (AM) reveler

reveller

noun

carouser

partygoer

revelry

[D.J.:ˈrevəlri:]

[K.K.:ˈrɛvəlri]

n.

寻欢作乐,狂欢;(喧闹的)欢宴

revelry

revelry
Revelry is people enjoying themselves in a noisy way, often while they are drunk. (LITERARY)

- As we got close to Broadway, we heard the sounds of revelry getting louder and louder.

- ...New Year revelries.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

revelry

noun

festivity

carousal

celebration

fun

jollity

merrymaking

party

spree

revenge

[D.J.:riˈvendʒ]

[K.K.:rɪˈvɛndʒ]

n.

报仇, 报复

vt.

为…报仇, 报…之仇

revenge **

1. revenge
Revenge involves hurting or punishing someone who has hurt or harmed you.

- The attackers were said to be taking revenge on the 14-year-old, claiming he was a school bully.

- The killings were said to have been in revenge for the murder of her lover.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N on/for/against n

2. revenge revenges revenging revenged
If you revenge yourself on someone who has hurt you, you hurt them in return. (WRITTEN)

- Birmingham's Sunday Mercury accused her of trying to revenge herself on her former lover.

- She would be killed by the relatives of murdered villagers wanting to revenge the dead.

VB
= avenge

revenge

noun

1.

retaliation

an eye for an eye

reprisal

retribution

vengeance

verb

2.

avenge

get even

get one's own back for informal

hit back

repay

retaliate

take revenge for

revenue

[D.J.:ˈrevənju:]

[K.K.:ˈrɛvənu, -nju]

n.

收入, 收益; 财政收入, 税收

revenue ***

revenue
Revenue is money that a company, organization, or government receives from people.

- ...a boom year at the cinema, with record advertising revenue and the highest ticket sales since 1980...

- One study said the government would gain about $12 billion in tax revenues over five years.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, usu with supp
See also Inland Revenue .

revenue

noun

income

gain

proceeds

profits

receipts

returns

takings

yield

reverb

[D.J.:riˈvə:b]

[K.K.:rɪˈvɚb]

v.

〈口〉混响

reverb

reverb
Reverb is a shaking or echoing effect that is added to a sound, often by an electronic device.

- All the sounds are what I actually do with my voice, except for a little reverb.

N-UNCOUNT
= reverberation

reverberate

[D.J.:rɪˈvɜ:bəˌreɪt]

[K.K.:rɪˈvə..bəˌret]

vi.

回响;回荡

vt.

使反响; 使回荡; 使反射

reverberative

adj.

反响(性)的;反射(性)的

reverberator

n.

反射器;反射灯;反射炉

reverberatory

adj.

回响的;反射的;反焰的;反射炉的

n.

反射炉

reverberating

反焰

reverberative

[D.J.:riˈvə:breitiv]

[K.K.:rɪˈvɚbəˌretɪv, -bərə-]

adj.

回响的,反响的

reverberator

[riˈvə:bəreitə]

n.

反射器

reverberatory

[D.J.:riˈvə:bərətəri]

[K.K.:rɪˈvɚbərəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

回响的,反射的,反响的

reverberate *

1. reverberate reverberates reverberating reverberated
When a loud sound reverberates through a place, it echoes through it.

- Day in and day out, the flat crack of the tank guns reverberates through the little Bavarian town.

- A woman's shrill laughter reverberated in the courtyard.

VB
= echo

2. reverberate reverberates reverberating reverberated
You can say that an event or idea reverberates when it has a powerful effect which lasts a long time.

- The controversy surrounding the take-over yesterday continued to reverberate around the television industry.

- The news sent shock waves through the community that have continued to reverberate to this day.

VB

reverberate

verb

echo

re-echo

resound

ring

vibrate

reverberation

[D.J.:riˌvə:bəˈreiʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˌvɚbəˈreʃən]

n.

反响,回响,反射,反射物

reverberation

1. reverberation reverberations
Reverberations are serious effects that follow a sudden, dramatic event.

- The move by the two London colleges is sending reverberations through higher education.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= repercussion

2. reverberation reverberations
A reverberation is the shaking and echoing effect that you hear after a loud sound has been made.

- Jason heard the reverberation of the slammed door and felt rooted where he stood.

N-VAR
= echo

revere

[D.J.:riˈviə]

[K.K.:rɪˈvɪr]

vt.

崇敬, 尊崇, 敬畏

revere *

1. revere reveres revering revered
If you revere someone or something, you respect and admire them greatly. (FORMAL)

- The Chinese revered corn as a gift from heaven.

- Today he's still revered as the father of the nation.

VB

2. revered

- ...some of the country's most revered institutions.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

revere

verb

be in awe of

exalt

honour

look up to

respect

reverence

venerate

worship

reverence

[D.J.:ˈrevərəns]

[K.K.:ˈrɛvərəns]

n.

尊敬, 崇敬

敬礼

reverence *

reverence
Reverence for someone or something is a feeling of great respect for them. (FORMAL)

- We stand together now in mutual support and in reverence for the dead.

N-UNCOUNT

reverence

noun

awe

admiration

high esteem

honour

respect

veneration

worship

Reverend

[D.J.:ˈrevɵrɵnd]

[K.K.:ˈrɛvərənd]

n.

牧师

Reverend **

Reverend
Reverend is a title used before the name or rank of an officially appointed religious leader. The abbreviation Rev or Revd is also used.

- The service was led by the Reverend Jim Simons.

- ...the Bishop of Norwich, the Right Reverend Peter Knott.

N-TITLE: oft the N n

reverent

[D.J.:ˈrevərənt]

[K.K.:ˈrɛvərənt]

adj.

恭敬的,虔敬的

reverently

adv.

reverently

[D.J.:ˈrevərəntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈr ɛvərəntlɪ]

adv.

恭敬地;虔诚地

reverent

1. reverent
If you describe someone's behaviour as reverent , you mean that they are showing great respect for a person or thing.

- ...the reverent hush of a rapt audience...

- Ellen looks almost reverent.

ADJ
≠ irreverent

2. reverently

- He got up and took the book out almost reverently.

ADV: usu ADV after v

reverent

adjective

respectful

awed

deferential

humble

reverential

reverential

[D.J.:ˌrevəˈrenʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌrɛvəˈrɛnʃəl]

adj.

可敬的

reverentially

adv.

虔诚地,谨慎地

reverential

1. reverential
Something that is reverential has the qualities of respect and admiration. (FORMAL)

- `That's the old foresters' garden,' she said in reverential tones.

ADJ-GRADED

2. reverentially

- He reverentially returned the novel to a glass-fronted bookcase.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

reverie

[D.J.:ˈrevəri:]

[K.K.:ˈrɛvəri]

n.

想入非非

白日梦,冥想

reverie

reverie reveries
A reverie is a state of imagining or thinking about pleasant things, as if you are dreaming. (FORMAL)

- The announcer's voice brought Holden out of his reverie.

N-COUNT
= daydream

reverie

noun

daydream

abstraction

brown study

woolgathering

reversal

[D.J.:rɪˈvɜ:səl]

[K.K.:rɪˈvə..səl]

n.

反向, 反转, 倒转

运气不好

reversal *

1. reversal reversals
A reversal of a process, policy, or trend is a complete change in it.

- The Financial Times says the move represents a complete reversal of previous US policy.

- This marked a 7% increase on the previous year and the reversal of a steady five-year downward trend.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. reversal reversals
When there is a role reversal or a reversal of roles, two people or groups exchange their positions or functions.

- When children end up taking care of their parents, it is a strange role reversal indeed.

N-COUNT: n N, N of n

3. reversal reversals
A reversal is a failure, usually involving the loss of money. (FORMAL)

- They teach managers to accept reversals as a fact of business life.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= setback

reverse

[D.J.:riˈvə:s]

[K.K.:rɪˈvɚs]

vt. & vi.

(使)反转; (使)颠倒; (使)翻转

推翻, 取消

使倒退, 逆转

adj.

相反的, 颠倒的, 反向的

n.

相反

钱币的反面[背面]

失败, 挫败

reversed

[riˈvə:st]

v.

翻转

adj.

颠倒的

reversing

[riˈvə:siŋ]

adj.

回动的

reverse ***

1. reverse reverses reversing reversed
When someone or something reverses a decision, policy, or trend, they change it to the opposite decision, policy, or trend.

- They have made it clear they will not reverse the decision to increase prices.

- The rise, the first in 10 months, reversed the downward trend in Belgium's jobless rate.

VB

2. reverse reverses reversing reversed
If you reverse the order of a set of things, you arrange them in the opposite order, so that the first thing comes last.

- In the squares place a penny, nickel, dime and quarter in that order. The object is to reverse the order of these coins.

- Because the normal word order is reversed in passive sentences, they are sometimes hard to follow.

VB

3. reverse reverses reversing reversed
If you reverse the positions or functions of two things, you change them so that each thing has the position or function that the other one had.

- He reversed the position of the two stamps.

VB

4. reverse reverses reversing reversed
When a car reverses or when you reverse it, the car is driven backwards. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use back up )

- Another car reversed out of the drive.

- He reversed and drove away.

- He reversed his car straight at the umpire.

V-ERG

5. reverse
If your car is in reverse , you have changed gear so that you can drive it backwards.

- He lurched the car in reverse along the ruts to the access road.

N-UNCOUNT: usu in/into N

6. reverse
Reverse means opposite to what you expect or to what has just been described.

- The wrong attitude will have exactly the reverse effect.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= opposite

7. reverse
If you say that one thing is the reverse of another, you are emphasizing that the first thing is the complete opposite of the second thing.

- There is absolutely no evidence at all that spectators want longer cricket matches. Quite the reverse.

- This would lead one to expect a fat, dense and detailed autobiography. The reverse is true. The book is short and spare.

N-SING: the N

8. reverse reverses
A reverse is a serious failure or defeat. (FORMAL)

- It's clear that the party of the former Prime Minister has suffered a major reverse.

N-COUNT
= reversal setback

9. reverse
The reverse or the reverse side of a flat object which has two sides is the less important or the other side.

- Cheques should be made payable to Country Living and your address written on the reverse.

N-SING: the N
= back ≠ front

10. reverse
If something happens in reverse or goes into reverse , things happen in the opposite way to what usually happens or to what has been happening.

- Amis tells the story in reverse, from the moment the man dies.

- The downward trend went into reverse and the scores started to creep up again.

PHR: v PHR

11. reverse
If you reverse the charges when you make a telephone call, the person who you are phoning pays the cost of the call and not you. (BRIT; in AM use call collect )
PHR: V inflects

reverse

verb

1.

turn round

invert

transpose

turn back

turn over

turn upside down

upend

2.

change

annul

cancel

countermand

invalidate

overrule

overthrow

overturn

quash

repeal

rescind

revoke

undo

3.

go backwards

back

back up

move backwards

retreat

noun

4.

opposite

contrary

converse

inverse

5.

back

other side

rear

underside

wrong side

6.

misfortune

adversity

affliction

blow

disappointment

failure

hardship

misadventure

mishap

reversal

setback

adjective

7.

opposite

contrary

converse

reverse charge call

reverse charge call reverse charge calls
A reverse charge call is a telephone call which is paid for by the person who receives the call, rather than the person who makes the call. (BRIT; in AM use collect call )
N-COUNT

reverse discrimination

reverse discrimination
Reverse discrimination is the same as positive discrimination .

- The Scheme wants a policy of reverse discrimination in favour of children from working-class and ethnic backgrounds.

N-UNCOUNT

reverse gear

reverse gear reverse gears
The reverse gear of a vehicle is the gear which you use in order to make the vehicle go backwards.
N-VAR

reversible

[D.J.:riˈvə:səbl]

[K.K.:rɪˈvɚsəbəl]

adj.

可逆的

reversible

1. reversible
If a process or an action is reversible , its effects can be reversed so that the original situation returns.

- Heart disease is reversible in some cases, according to a study published last summer.

ADJ
≠ irreversible

2. reversible
Reversible clothes or materials have been made so that either side can be worn or shown as the outside.

- He wore the powder-blue side of a reversible waistcoat.

ADJ

reversing light

reversing light reversing lights
Reversing lights are the white lights on the back of a motor vehicle which shine when the vehicle is in reverse gear. (BRIT; in AM use back-up lights )
N-COUNT: usu pl

reversion

[D.J.:rɪˈvɜ:ʒən]

[K.K.:rɪˈvə..ʒən]

n.

恢复,复原

继承权,未来所有权

reversion

1. reversion
A reversion to a previous state, system, or kind of behaviour is a change back to it.

- This is a reversion to the system under which the Royals were paid for nearly 200 years.

- ...a reversion to the emotions of her baby years.

N-SING: also no det, N to n
= return

2. reversion reversions
The reversion of land or property to a person, family, or country is the return to them of the ownership or control of the land or property. (LEGAL)

- ...after the reversion of Hong Kong to Chinese sovereignty in 1997.

N-VAR: oft the N of n to n

revert

[D.J.:rɪˈvɜ:t]

[K.K.:rɪˈvə..t]

vi.

恢复, 回复到

重提, 重新考虑;回到…上

<律>归还

revert to type

恢复本性；重操旧业；故态复萌

reverting

回复

revert *

1. revert reverts reverting reverted
When people or things revert to a previous state, system, or type of behaviour, they go back to it.

- Jackson said her boss became increasingly depressed and reverted to smoking heavily.

VB

2. revert reverts reverting reverted
When someone reverts to a previous topic, they start talking or thinking about it again. (WRITTEN)

- In the car she reverted to the subject uppermost in her mind. `You know, I really believe what Gran told you.'

VB

3. revert reverts reverting reverted
If you revert to your usual language, you start using that language again. (LITERARY)

- After all these years she had reverted to her Veneto dialect and nobody could understand what she was saying.

VB

4. revert reverts reverting reverted
If property, rights, or money revert to someone, they become that person's again after someone else has had them for a period of time. (LEGAL)

- When the lease ends, the property reverts to the freeholder.

VB

5. revert
If you say that someone has reverted to type , you mean that they are now behaving as you would expect them to, after having behaved in an unexpected and better way.

- He was adamant that this setback does not mean he has reverted to type.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

revert

verb

return

come back

go back

resume

review

[D.J.:riˈvju:]

[K.K.:rɪˈvju]

n.

回顾; 检查; 检讨; 重新考虑

评论性刊物, 评论

检阅

vt.

回顾

vt. & vi.

写…的评论文章

review ****

1. review reviews
A review of a situation or system is its formal examination by people in authority. This is usually done in order to see whether it can be improved or corrected.

- The president ordered a review of US economic aid to Jordan.

- The White House quickly announced that the policy is under review.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, also prep N
= evaluation

2. review reviews reviewing reviewed
If you review a situation or system, you consider it carefully to see what is wrong with it or how it could be improved.

- The Prime Minister reviewed the situation with his Cabinet yesterday.

- The next day we reviewed the previous day's work.

VB
= evaluate

3. review reviews
A review is a report in the media in which someone gives their opinion of something such as a new book or film.

- Disney's `Beauty And The Beast' has won rave reviews.

- We've never had a good review in the music press.

N-COUNT

4. review reviews reviewing reviewed
If someone reviews something such as a new book or film, they write a report or give a talk on television or radio in which they express their opinion of it.

- Richard Coles reviews all of the latest video releases.

- His book about Afghanistan is reviewed here by Anthony Hyman.

VB

5. review reviews reviewing reviewed
When a military or political leader reviews troops, they examine them, or watch them marching.

- When he reviewed the troops they cheered him as he smiled and raised his hat.

VB

6. review reviews reviewing reviewed
When you review for an examination, you read things again and make notes in order to be prepared for the examination. (AM; in BRIT use revise )

- Reviewing for exams gives you a chance to bring together all the individual parts of the course.

- Make up a schedule, listing approximate times to review all the notes you need to cover for each course.

VB

7. review reviews
Also a noun.

- If you have to cover twelve chapters in American history, begin by planning on three two-hour reviews with four chapters per session.

N-COUNT

review

noun

1.

critique

commentary

criticism

evaluation

judgment

notice

2.

magazine

journal

periodical

3.

survey

analysis

examination

scrutiny

study

4.

inspection

march past

parade

verb

5.

assess

criticize

evaluate

judge

study

6.

reconsider

reassess

re-evaluate

re-examine

rethink

revise

think over

7.

look back on

recall

recollect

reflect on

remember

8.

inspect

examine

review board

review board review boards
A review board is a group of people in authority who examine a situation or system to see if it should be improved, corrected, or changed.
N-COUNT

reviewer

[D.J.:rɪˈvju:ə]

[K.K.:rɪˈvjuɚ]

n.

评论家

reviewer *

reviewer reviewers
A reviewer is a person who reviews new books, films, television programmes, records, plays, or concerts.

- ...the reviewer for the Times Literary Supplement.

N-COUNT

reviewer

noun Military

critic

commentator

judge

reviewing stand

reviewing stand reviewing stands
A reviewing stand is a special raised platform from which military and political leaders watch military parades.
N-COUNT

revile

[D.J.:rɪˈvaɪl]

[K.K.:rɪˈvaɪl]

vt.

辱骂;痛斥

reviler

n.

谩骂者

reviler

n.

辱骂者,谩骂者

revile

1. revile reviles reviling reviled
If someone or something is reviled , people hate them intensely or show their hatred of them. (FORMAL)

- He was just as feared and reviled as his tyrannical parents.

- What right had the crowd to revile the England players for something they could not help...?

VB
= hate despise

2. reviled

- He is probably the most reviled man in contemporary theatre.

ADJ-GRADED

revile

verb

malign

abuse

bad-mouth slang chiefly U.S. & Canad.

denigrate

knock informal

reproach

run down

slag (off) slang

vilify

revise

[D.J.:riˈvaiz]

[K.K.:rɪˈvaɪz]

vt.

修订, 修改

vt. & vi.

复习

revised

改进的

revises

n.,v.

修正,改订

revise **

1. revise revises revising revised
If you revise the way you think about something, you adjust your thoughts, usually in order to make them better or more suited to how things are.

- With time he fairly soon came to revise his opinion of the profession.

VB
= adjust change

2. revise revises revising revised
If you revise a price, amount, or estimate, you change it to make it more fair, realistic, or accurate.

- They realised that some of their prices were higher than their competitors' and revised prices accordingly.

- The United Nations has been forced to revise its estimates of population growth upwards.

VB
= adjust change

3. revise revises revising revised
When you revise an article, a book, a law, or a piece of music, you change it in order to improve it, make it more modern, or make it more suitable for a particular purpose.

- Three editors handled the work of revising the articles for publication.

- The staff should work together to improve or revise the syllabus or school curriculum.

VB
= change improve

4. revise revises revising revised
When you revise for an examination, you read things again and make notes in order to be prepared for the examination. (BRIT; in AM use review )

- I have to revise for maths.

- After Friday, 17th May girls may stay at home to revise.

VB
= study

revise

verb

1.

change

alter

amend

correct

edit

emend

redo

review

rework

update

2.

study

go over

run through

swot up Brit. informal

revision

[D.J.:riˈviʒən]

[K.K.:rɪˈvɪʒən]

n.

修订, 修改

修订本, 修订版

复习

revision *

1. revision revisions
To make a revision of something that is written or something that has been decided means to make changes to it in order to improve it, make it more modern, or make it more suitable for a particular purpose.

- The phase of writing that is actually most important is revision.

- The government will also make a number of revisions to reflect better data since the original figures were released.

N-VAR: oft N of n

2. revision
When people who are studying do revision , they read things again and make notes in order to prepare for an examination. (BRIT; in AM use review )

- Some girls prefer to do their revision at home.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N
= studying

revision

noun

1.

change

amendment

correction

emendation

updating

2.

studying

homework

swotting Brit. informal

revisionism

[D.J.:riˈviʒəniz(ə)m]

[K.K.:rɪˈvɪʒəˌnɪzəm]

n.

修正主义

revisionism

revisionism
Revisionism is a theory of socialism that is more moderate than normal Marxist theory, and is therefore considered unacceptable by most Marxists. (FORMAL)

- The Guardian says the reforms come after decades of hostility to revisionism in any shape or size.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

revisionist

[D.J.:rɪˈvɪ ʒənɪst]

[K.K.:rɪˈvɪ ʒənɪst]

n.

修正主义者;修正的社会主义者

修订者

revisionist

1. revisionist
If you describe a person or their views as revisionist , you mean that they reject traditionally held beliefs about a particular historical event or events. (FORMAL)

- Revisionist history must be challenged by historical research.

- ...the revisionist interpretation of the French Revolution.

ADJ

2. revisionist revisionists
A revisionist is a person who has revisionist views. (FORMAL)

- The reputation of the navigator is under assault from historical revisionists.

N-COUNT

3. revisionist
If a socialist describes another socialist's actions or opinions as revisionist , they mean that they are unacceptable because they are more moderate than normal Marxist theory allows. (FORMAL)

- This revisionist thesis departs even further from Marxist assertions.

ADJ disapproval

4. revisionist revisionists
A revisionist is a person who has revisionist views. (FORMAL)

- ...ferocious infighting between Stalinist hardliners and revisionists.

N-COUNT

revisit

[D.J.:ˌri:ˈvizit]

[K.K.:riˈvɪzɪt]

vt.

再访问, 再参观

n.

再访问, 再参观

revisit *

revisit revisits revisiting revisited
If you revisit a place, you return there for a visit after you have been away for a long time, often after the place has changed a lot.

- In the summer, when we returned to Canada, we revisited this lake at dawn.

VB

revitalize

[D.J.:ri:ˈvaɪtlˌaɪz]

[K.K.:riˈvaɪtl..ˌaɪz]

vt.

使恢复元气,使具有新的活力

revitalize *

revitalize revitalizes revitalizing revitalized
To revitalize something that has lost its activity or its health means to make it active or healthy again.

- This hair conditioner is excellent for revitalizing dry, lifeless hair.

- ...the revitalized Democratic Party.

- ...a revitalizing mid-afternoon treat.

VB (BRIT) also revitalise
= revive renew

revival

[D.J.:rɪˈvaɪvəl]

[K.K.:rɪˈvaɪvəl]

n.

复活, 再生;复兴, 再流行

(老戏多年后)重新上演

revival **

1. revival revivals
When there is a revival of something, it becomes active or popular again.

- This return to realism has produced a revival of interest in a number of artists.

- There is little chance of a revival in new car sales until at least August next year.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. revival revivals
A revival is a new production of a play, an opera, or a ballet.

- ...John Clement's revival of Chekhov's `The Seagull'.

N-COUNT

3. revival
A revival meeting is a public religious event that is intended to make people more interested in Christianity.

- He toured South Africa organizing revival meetings.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

revival

noun

renewal

reawakening

rebirth

renaissance

resurgence

resurrection

revitalization

revivalism

[D.J.:riˈvaivəlizəm]

[K.K.:rɪˈvaɪvəˌlɪzəm]

n.

(尤指宗教的)奋兴运动

复兴; 复古

revivalism

revivalism
Revivalism is a movement whose aim is to make a religion more popular and more influential.

- ...a time of intense religious revivalism.

- ...Hindu revivalism.

N-UNCOUNT: usu adj N

revivalist

[D.J.:riˈvaivlist]

[K.K.:rɪˈvaɪvəlɪst]

n.

信仰复兴运动者,领导宗教复兴运动者

revivalist

1. revivalist
Revivalist people or activities are involved in trying to make a particular religion more popular and more influential.

- ...the Hindu revivalist party...

- They attended a revivalist meeting and became born-again Christians.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. revivalist revivalists
Also a noun.

- Booth was a revivalist intent on his Christian vocation.

N-COUNT

revive

[D.J.:riˈvaiv]

[K.K.:rɪˈvaɪv]

vt. & vi.

恢复, 苏醒, 复活

使再生效, 回忆起, 使再流行

revived

再生的

revive **

1. revive revives reviving revived
When something such as the economy, a business, a trend, or a feeling is revived or when it revives , it becomes active, popular, or successful again.

- ...an attempt to revive the British economy...

- His trial revived memories of French suffering during the war.

- There is no doubt that grades have improved and interest in education has revived.

V-ERG

2. revived

- Habib grimaced at the revived memories.

ADJ

3. revive revives reviving revived
When someone revives a play, opera, or ballet, they present a new production of it.

- The Gaiety is reviving John B. Kean's comedy `The Man from Clare'.

VB

4. revive revives reviving revived
If you manage to revive someone who has fainted or if they revive , they become conscious again.

- She and a neighbour tried in vain to revive him.

- With a glazed stare she revived for one last instant.

V-ERG

revive

verb

revitalize

awaken

bring round

come round

invigorate

reanimate

recover

refresh

rekindle

renew

restore

revivify

[D.J.:ri(:)ˈvivifai]

[K.K.:riˈvɪvəˌfaɪ]

v.

(使)再生,(使)复活,(使)振奋精神

revivifying

再生

revivify

revivify revivifies revivifying revivified
To revivify a situation, event, or activity means to make it more active, lively, or efficient. (FORMAL)

- They've revivified rhythm and blues singing by giving it dance beats which are applicable to today.

VB
= revitalize

revocation

[D.J.:ˌrevəˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛvəˈkeʃən]

n.

废止;撤回

revoke

[D.J.:riˈvəuk]

[K.K.:rɪˈvok]

vt.

撤销, 取消, 废除

revoke *

1. revoke revokes revoking revoked
When people in authority revoke something such as a licence, a law, or an agreement, they cancel it. (FORMAL)

- The government revoked her husband's license to operate migrant labor crews.

VB
= rescind

2. revocation

- Now the Montserrat government has announced its revocation of 311 banking licences.

N-UNCOUNT

revoke

verb

cancel

annul

countermand

disclaim

invalidate

negate

nullify

obviate

quash

repeal

rescind

retract

reverse

set aside

withdraw

revolt

[D.J.:riˈvəult]

[K.K.:rɪˈvolt]

vt. & vi.

(使)厌恶

vi.

反叛; 背叛

n.

造反, 起义

revolted

[riˈvəultid,riˈvɔ:ltid]

adj.

起来反抗的,起义的,厌恶的

revolting

[D.J.:rɪˈvəʊltɪŋ]

[K.K.:rɪˈvoltɪŋ]

adj.

极难闻的,使人厌恶的,令人恶心的

造反的，反叛的

revolt **

1. revolt revolts
A revolt is an illegal and often violent attempt by a group of people to change their country's political system.

- It was undeniably a revolt by ordinary people against their leaders.

- The newly-occupied Italian colony of Libya rose in revolt in 1914.

N-VAR
= insurrection rebellion

2. revolt revolts revolting revolted
When people revolt , they make an illegal and often violent attempt to change their country's political system.

- In 1375 the townspeople revolted.

- Zanzibar's fortunes declined after the islanders revolted against the sultanate in 1964.

VB

3. revolt revolts
A revolt by a person or group against someone or something is a refusal to accept the authority of that person or thing.

- The prime minister is facing a revolt by Conservative party activists over his refusal to hold a referendum.

- Soon the entire armed forces were in open revolt.

N-VAR
= rebellion

4. revolt revolts revolting revolted
When people revolt against someone or something, they reject the authority of that person or reject that thing.

- The prime minister only reacted when three of his senior cabinet colleagues revolted and resigned in protest on Friday night.

- Caroline revolted against her ballet training at sixteen.

VB
= rebel

revolting *

revolting
If you say that something or someone is revolting , you mean you think they are horrible and disgusting.

- The smell in the cell was revolting.

- It was the most revolting thing I have ever tasted.

ADJ-GRADED
= disgusting

revolt

noun

1.

uprising

insurgency

insurrection

mutiny

rebellion

revolution

rising

verb

2.

rebel

mutiny

resist

rise

3.

disgust

gross out U.S. slang

make one's flesh creep

nauseate

repel

repulse

sicken

turn one's stomach

revolting

adjective

disgusting

foul

horrible

horrid

nauseating

repellent

repugnant

repulsive

sickening

yucky or yukky slang

revolution

[D.J.:ˌrevəˈlu:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛvəˈluʃən]

n.

革命

彻底改变, 重大变革

旋转; 运行, 公转

revolution ***

1. revolution revolutions
A revolution is a successful attempt by a large group of people to change the political system of their country by force.

- The period since the revolution has been one of political turmoil.

- ...after the French Revolution.

- ...before the 1917 Revolution.

N-COUNT

2. revolution revolutions
A revolution in a particular area of human activity is an important change in that area.

- The nineteenth century witnessed a revolution in ship design and propulsion.

- ...the industrial revolution.

N-COUNT: with supp

revolution

noun

1.

revolt

coup

insurgency

mutiny

rebellion

rising

uprising

2.

transformation

innovation

reformation

sea change

shift

upheaval

3.

rotation

circle

circuit

cycle

lap

orbit

spin

turn

revolutionary

[D.J.:ˌrevəˈlu:ʃənəri]

[K.K.:ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri]

adj.

革命的

革命性的, 创新的

n.

革命者, 革新者

revolutionary ***

1. revolutionary
Revolutionary activities, organizations, or people have the aim of causing a political revolution.

- Do you know anything about the revolutionary movement?

- ...the Cuban revolutionary leader, Jose Marti.

ADJ

2. revolutionary revolutionaries
A revolutionary is a person who tries to cause a revolution or who takes an active part in one.

- The revolutionaries laid down their arms and its leaders went into voluntary exile.

N-COUNT

3. revolutionary
Revolutionary ideas and developments involve great changes in the way that something is done or made.

- Invented in 1951, the rotary engine is a revolutionary concept in internal combustion.

- His playing as a trumpet player was quite revolutionary.

ADJ-GRADED

revolutionary

adjective

1.

rebel

extremist

insurgent

radical

subversive

2.

new

different

drastic

ground-breaking

innovative

novel

progressive

radical

noun

3.

rebel

insurgent

revolutionist

revolutionize

[D.J.:ˌrevəˈlu:ʃəˌnaɪz]

[K.K.:ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnaɪz]

vt.

使彻底变革

revolutionized

革命化的;被彻底改革的

revolutionize *

revolutionize revolutionizes revolutionizing revolutionized
When something revolutionizes an activity, it causes great changes in the way that it is done.

- Over the past forty years plastics have revolutionised the way we live.

- Automation revolutionized the olive industry in the early 1970s.

VB (BRIT) also revolutionise

revolutionize

verb

transform

modernize

reform

revolve

[D.J.:riˈvɔlv]

[K.K.:rɪˈvɑlv]

vt. & vi.

(使)旋转

细想

revolving

[D.J.:rɪˈvɔlvɪŋ]

[K.K.:rɪˈvɑlvɪŋ]

adj.

旋转的;轮转式的

循环的

revolve *

1. revolve revolves revolving revolved
If you say that one thing revolves around another thing, you mean that the second thing is the main feature or focus of the first thing.

- Since childhood, her life has revolved around tennis.

- This plot revolves around a youngster who is shown various stages of his life.

VB

2. revolve revolves revolving revolved
If a discussion or conversation revolves around a particular topic, it is mainly about that topic.

- The debate revolves around specific accounting techniques.

- The conversation revolved around the terrible condition of the road.

VB

3. revolve revolves revolving revolved
If one object revolves around another object, the first object turns in a circle around the second object.

- The satellite revolves around the Earth once every hundred minutes.

VB

4. revolve revolves revolving revolved
When something revolves or when you revolve it, it moves or turns in a circle around a central point or line.

- Overhead, the fan revolved slowly.

- Monica picked up her Biro and revolved it between her teeth.

V-ERG

revolve

verb

rotate

circle

go round

orbit

spin

turn

twist

wheel

whirl

revolver

[D.J.:rɪˈvɔlvə]

[K.K.:rɪˈvɑlvɚ]

n.

左轮手枪

revolver *

revolver revolvers
A revolver is a kind of hand gun. Its bullets are kept in a revolving cylinder in the gun.
N-COUNT
= gun

revolving door

1. revolving door revolving doors
Some large buildings have revolving doors instead of an ordinary door. They consist of four glass doors which turn together in a circle around a vertical post.

- As he went through the revolving doors he felt his courage deserting him.

- ...the doorman by the revolving door.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. revolving door revolving doors
When you talk about a revolving door , you mean a situation in which the employees or owners of an organization keep changing.

- They have accepted an offer from another firm with a busy revolving door.

N-COUNT: usu sing disapproval

revue

[D.J.:riˈvju:]

[K.K.:rɪˈvju]

n.

〈法〉轻松表演剧; 时事讽刺剧

revue *

revue revues
A revue is a theatrical performance consisting of songs, dances, and jokes about recent events.
N-COUNT

revulsion

[D.J.:rɪˈvʌlʃən]

[K.K.:rɪˈvʌlʃən]

n.

厌恶, 强烈的反感

revulsion *

revulsion
Someone's revulsion at something is the strong feeling of disgust or disapproval they have towards it.

- ...their revulsion at the act of desecration...

- His voice was filled with horror and revulsion.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N
= disgust

revulsion

noun

disgust

abhorrence

detestation

loathing

repugnance

repulsion

reward

[D.J.:riˈwɔ:d]

[K.K.:rɪˈwɔrd]

n.

报酬, 报答, 奖赏, 报偿

赏金, 酬金

vt.

酬谢, 奖赏

rewarding

[D.J.:rɪˈwɔ:dɪŋ]

[K.K.:rɪˈwɔrdɪŋ]

adj.

报答的;值得做的

reward ***

1. reward rewards
A reward is something that you are given, for example because you have behaved well, worked hard, or provided a service to the community.

- A bonus of up to 5 per cent can be added to a pupil's final exam marks as a reward for good spelling, punctuation and grammar.

- He was given the job as a reward for running a successful leadership bid.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

2. reward rewards
A reward is a sum of money offered to anyone who can give information about lost or stolen property or about someone who is wanted by the police.

- The firm last night offered a £10,000 reward for information leading to the conviction of the killer.

N-COUNT

3. reward rewards rewarding rewarded
If you do something and are rewarded with a particular benefit, you receive that benefit as a result of doing that thing.

- Make the extra effort to impress the buyer and you will be rewarded with a quicker sale at a better price.

VB

4. reward rewards
The rewards of something are the benefits that you receive as a result of doing or having that thing.

- The company is only just starting to reap the rewards of long-term investments.

- Potentially high financial rewards are attached to senior hospital posts.

N-COUNT: usu pl
= benefit

5. reward rewards rewarding rewarded
If you say that something rewards your attention or effort, you mean that it is worth spending time or effort on it. (FORMAL)

- The compression and density make this a difficult book to read, but it richly rewards the effort.

VB

rewarding *

rewarding
An experience or action that is rewarding gives you satisfaction or brings you benefits.

- ...a career which she found stimulating and rewarding...

- Life for the successful doctor can be emotionally and financially rewarding.

ADJ-GRADED
= satisfying worthwhile

reward

noun

1.

payment

bonus

bounty

premium

prize

recompense

repayment

return

wages

2.

punishment

comeuppance slang

just deserts

retribution

verb

3.

pay

compensate

recompense

remunerate

repay

rewarding

adjective

worthwhile

beneficial

enriching

fruitful

fulfilling

productive

profitable

satisfying

valuable

rewind

[D.J.:ri:ˈwaɪnd]

[K.K.:riˈwaɪnd]

vt.

倒回(影片、录音带等)

rewinding

反绕;卷带

rewind

1. rewind rewinds rewinding rewound
When the tape in a video or tape recorder rewinds or when you rewind it, the tape goes backwards so that you can play it again. Compare fast forward .

- Waddington rewound the tape and played the message again.

- He switched the control to the answer-play mode and waited for the tape to rewind.

V-ERG

2. rewind
If you put a video or cassette tape on rewind , you make the tape go backwards. Compare fast forward .

- Press the rewind button.

- Press rewind or fast-forward.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

rewound

rewound
Rewound is the past tense and past participle of rewind .

rewire

[D.J.:ri:ˈwaiə]

[K.K.:riˈwaɪr]

vt.

再接电线,再打电报

rewiring

重新布线;重新接线

rewire

1. rewire rewires rewiring rewired
If someone rewires a building or an electrical appliance, a new system of electrical wiring is put into it.

- Their first job was to rewire the whole house and install central heating.

- I have had to spend a lot of money having my house replumbed and rewired.

VB

2. rewiring

- The replumbing and rewiring of the flat ran very smoothly.

N-UNCOUNT

reword

[D.J.:ˈri:ˈwə:d]

[K.K.:riˈwɚd]

vt.

重述,改说

reword

reword rewords rewording reworded
When you reword something that is spoken or written, you try to express it in a way that is more accurate, more acceptable, or more easily understood.

- All right, I'll reword my question.

- The rules were reworded in 1986.

VB
= rephrase

rework

[D.J.:ri:ˈwɜ:k]

[K.K.:riˈwə..k]

vt.

改编;把…加工成新的形式

reworking

再次加工;再加工;再造

rework *

1. rework reworks reworking reworked
If you rework something such as an idea or a piece of writing, you reorganize it and make changes to it in order to improve it or bring it up to date.

- She reworked a lot of her compositions to make them more danceable.

- See if you can rework your schedule and come up with practical ways to reduce the number of hours you're on call.

VB
= revise

2. reworking reworkings

- Her latest novel seems at first sight to be a reworking of similar themes.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

rewrite

[D.J.:ri:ˈraɪt]

[K.K.:riˈraɪt]

vt.

改写

rewriting

重写

rewrite *

1. rewrite rewrites rewriting rewrote rewritten
If someone rewrites a piece of writing such as a book, an article, or a law, they write it in a different way in order to improve it.

- Following this critique, students rewrite their papers and submit them for final evaluation.

- The script was rewritten constantly during filming.

VB
= revise rework

2. rewrite rewrites rewriting rewrote rewritten
If you accuse a government of rewriting history, you are criticizing them for selecting and presenting particular historical events in a way that suits their own purposes.

- We have always been an independent people, no matter how they rewrite history.

- As Orwell pointed out, history can be and often is rewritten to suit the needs of the present.

VB disapproval

3. rewrite rewrites rewriting rewrote rewritten
When journalists say that a sports player has rewritten the record books or the history books, they mean that the player has broken a record or several records.

- ...the extraordinary West Country team that have rewritten all the record books in those three years...

- Kournikova is poised to rewrite the tennis history books.

VB

4. rewrite rewrites
In the film and television industries, a rewrite is the writing of parts of a film again in order to improve it.

- Only after countless rewrites and the most intense effort did John consider the script ready.

N-COUNT
= revision

rhapsodic

[D.J.:ræpˈsɔdik]

[K.K.:ræpˈsɑdɪk]

adj.

狂想的,狂想曲的

rhapsody

[D.J.:ˈræpsədi:]

[K.K.:ˈræpsədi]

n.

狂热赞词,狂文

狂想曲

rhapsodic

adj.

rhapsodic

rhapsodic
Language and feelings that are rhapsodic are very powerful and full of delight in something. (FORMAL)

- One letter from Vivian is rhapsodic about the birth of her first baby.

ADJ-GRADED

rhapsodize

[D.J.:ˈræpsəˌdaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈræpsəˌdaɪz]

vi.

狂热地说;写作狂想诗文

rhapsodize

rhapsodize rhapsodizes rhapsodizing rhapsodized
If you rhapsodize about someone or something, you express great delight or enthusiasm about them. (FORMAL)

- The critics rhapsodized over her performance in `Autumn Sonata'.

- `Orchards would take the place of the jungle,' he rhapsodized.

VB (BRIT) also rhapsodise

rhapsodize

verb

enthuse

go into ecstasies

gush

rave informal

rhapsody

rhapsody rhapsodies
A rhapsody is a piece of music which has an irregular form and is full of feeling.

- ...George Gershwin's Rhapsody In Blue.

N-COUNT: oft in names

rhesus factor

rhesus factor
The rhesus factor is something that is in the blood of most people. If someone's blood contains this factor, they are rhesus positive. If it does not, they are rhesus negative.
N-SING
= Rh factor

rhetoric

[D.J.:ˈretərik]

[K.K.:ˈrɛtərɪk]

n.

雄辩言辞, 虚夸的言辞

修辞学

rhetoric **

1. rhetoric
If you refer to speech or writing as rhetoric , you disapprove of it because it is intended to convince and impress people but may not be sincere or honest.

- The change is largely cosmetic, a matter of acceptable political rhetoric rather than social reality.

- The harsh rhetoric had so soured officials that the two sides were barely speaking.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

2. rhetoric
Rhetoric is the skill or art of using language effectively. (FORMAL)

- ...the noble institutions of political life, such as political rhetoric, public office and public service.

N-UNCOUNT

rhetoric

noun

1.

oratory

eloquence

2.

hyperbole

bombast

grandiloquence

magniloquence

verbosity

wordiness

rhetorical

[D.J.:rɪˈtɔ:rɪkəl, -ˈtɔr-]

[K.K.:rɪˈtɔrɪkəl, -ˈtɑr-]

adj.

修辞的, 用来产生修辞效果的

言辞的，口头的

rhetorically

adv.

在修辞学上,讲究修辞地

rhetorical *

1. rhetorical
A rhetorical question is one which is asked in order to make a statement rather than to get an answer.

- He grimaced slightly, obviously expecting no answer to his rhetorical question.

- He made no answer to the Commandante's question, which had been rhetorical in any case.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. rhetorically

- `Do these kids know how lucky they are?' Jackson asked rhetorically.

ADV: ADV with v

3. rhetorical
Rhetorical language is intended to be grand and impressive. (FORMAL)

- These arguments may have been used as a rhetorical device to argue for a perpetuation of a United Nations role.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. rhetorically

- Suddenly, the narrator speaks in his most rhetorically elevated mode.

ADV

rhetorical

adjective

oratorical

bombastic

declamatory

grandiloquent

high-flown

magniloquent

verbose

rhetorician

[D.J.:ˌretəˈriʃən]

[K.K.:ˌrɛtəˈrɪʃən]

n.

修辞学者,雄辩家

rhetorician

rhetorician rhetoricians
A rhetorician is a person who is good at public speaking or who is trained in the art of rhetoric.

- ...an able and fiercely contentious rhetorician.

N-COUNT

rheumatic

[D.J.:ru:ˈmætɪk]

[K.K.:ruˈmætɪk]

adj.

风湿病的;风湿病引起的;(有关)风湿病治疗的

n.

风湿病患者

<口>风湿病

rheumatic

1. rheumatic
Rheumatic is used to describe conditions and pains that are related to rheumatism. Rheumatic joints are swollen and painful because they are affected by rheumatism.

- ...new treatments for a range of rheumatic diseases...

- It gives rapid relief from rheumatic aches and pains.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. rheumatic
Someone who is rheumatic suffers from rheumatism.
ADJ-GRADED

rheumatic fever

rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever is a disease which causes fever, and swelling and pain in your joints.
N-UNCOUNT

rheumatism

[D.J.:ˈru:məˌtɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈruməˌtɪzəm]

n.

<医>风湿病

rheumatism

rheumatism
Rheumatism is an illness that makes your joints or muscles stiff and painful. Older people, especially, suffer from rheumatism.
N-UNCOUNT

rheumatoid arthritis *

rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-lasting disease that causes your joints, for example your hands or knees, to swell up and become painful.
N-UNCOUNT

rheumatology

[D.J.:ˌru:məˈtɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:ˌruməˈtɑlədʒi]

n.

风湿病学

rheumatology

1. rheumatology
Rheumatology is the area of medicine that is concerned with rheumatism, arthritis, and related diseases.
N-UNCOUNT

2. rheumatologist rheumatologists

- He was consultant rheumatologist at the Royal Hampshire Hospital.

N-COUNT

rheumy

[ˈru:mi]

adj.

稀黏液的,潮湿的

rheumy

rheumy
If someone has rheumy eyes, their eyes are red and watery, usually because they are very ill or old. (LITERARY)
ADJ: usu ADJ n

Rh factor

Rh factor
The Rh factor is the same as the rhesus factor .
N-UNCOUNT

rhinestone

[D.J.:ˈraɪnˌstəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈraɪnˌston]

n.

莱茵石,人造钻石

rhinestone

rhinestone rhinestones
Rhinestones are shiny, glass jewels that are used in cheap jewellery and to decorate clothes.
N-COUNT: oft N n

rhinitis

[D.J.:raiˈnaitis]

[K.K.:raɪˈnaɪtɪs]

n.

鼻炎,鼻黏膜炎

rhinitis

rhinitis
If you suffer from rhinitis or allergic rhinitis , your nose is very sore and liquid keeps coming out it. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

rhino

[D.J.:ˈraɪnəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈraɪno]

n.

<俚>钱;钞票

犀牛(=rhinoceros)

rhino *

rhino rhinos
A rhino is the same as a rhinoceros . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

rhinoceros

[D.J.:raɪˈnɔsərəs]

[K.K.:raɪˈnɑsərəs]

n.

犀牛

have (got) a hide/skin like a rhinoceros

脸皮和犀牛皮一样厚

rhinoceros

rhinoceros rhinoceroses
A rhinoceros is a large Asian or African animal with thick grey skin and a horn, or two horns, on its nose.
N-COUNT

rhizome

[D.J.:ˈraizəum]

[K.K.:ˈraɪˌzom]

n.

根茎,根状茎

rhizome

rhizome rhizomes
Rhizomes are the horizontal stems from which some plants, such as irises, grow. Rhizomes are found on or just under the surface of the earth.
N-COUNT

rhododendron

[D.J.:ˌrəʊdəˈdendrən]

[K.K.:ˌrodəˈdɛndrən]

n.

<植>杜鹃花属植物,杜鹃

rhododendron *

rhododendron rhododendrons
A rhododendron is a large bush with large flowers which are usually pink, red, or purple.
N-VAR

rhombus

[D.J.:ˈrɔmbəs]

[K.K.:ˈrɑmbəs]

n.

菱形

rhombus

rhombus rhombuses
A rhombus is a geometric shape which has four equal sides but is not a square. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

rhubarb

[D.J.:ˈru:ˌbɑ:b]

[K.K.:ˈruˌbɑrb]

n.

大黄

<口>(后台演员造的)人声喧哗效果,乱嚷嚷

rhubarb

rhubarb
Rhubarb is a plant with large leaves and long red stems. You can cook the stems with sugar to make jam or puddings.
N-UNCOUNT

rhyme

[D.J.:raim]

[K.K.:raɪm]

n.

同韵词, 押韵词

韵, 押韵

vt. & vi.

(使)押韵, 押…韵

rhymed

adj.

押韵的

rhyming

n.

押韵

rhyme *

1. rhyme rhymes rhyming rhymed
If one word rhymes with another or if two words rhyme , they have a very similar sound. Words that rhyme with each other are often used in poems.

- June always rhymes with moon in old love songs.

- ...the sort of people who give their children names that rhyme: Donnie, Ronnie, Connie.

- ...a singer rhyming `eyes' with `realise'.

- ...rhymed couplets.

V-RECIP-ERG

2. rhyme rhymes rhyming rhymed
If a poem or song rhymes , the lines end with words that have very similar sounds.

- In his efforts to make it rhyme he seems to have chosen the first word that comes into his head.

- ...rhyming couplets.

VB

3. rhyme rhymes
A rhyme is a word which rhymes with another word, or a set of lines which rhyme.

- The one rhyme for passion is fashion.

- The lyrics are banal and the rhymes clumsy.

N-COUNT

4. rhyme rhymes
A rhyme is a short poem which has rhyming words at the ends of its lines.

- He was teaching Helen a little rhyme.

N-COUNT
= poem verse

See also nursery rhyme .

5. rhyme
Rhyme is the use of rhyming words as a technique in poetry. If something is written in rhyme , it is written as a poem in which the lines rhyme.

- Porter stayed within the rules of rhyme.

- The plays are in rhyme.

N-UNCOUNT

6. rhyme
If something happens or is done without rhyme or reason , there seems to be no logical reason for it to happen or be done.

- He picked people on a whim, without rhyme or reason.

PHR: PHR after v

rhyme

noun

1.

poetry

ode

poem

song

verse

verb

2.

sound like

harmonize

rhyming slang

rhyming slang
Rhyming slang is a spoken informal kind of language in which you do not use the normal word for something, but say a word or phrase that rhymes with it instead. In Cockney rhyming slang, for example, people say `apples and pears' to mean `stairs'.
N-UNCOUNT

rhythm

[D.J.:ˈriðəm]

[K.K.:ˈrɪðəm]

n.

节奏, 韵律

rhythm ***

1. rhythm rhythms
A rhythm is a regular series of sounds or movements.

- His music of that period fused the rhythms of Jazz with classical forms.

- He had no sense of rhythm whatsoever.

- She could hear the constant rhythm of his breathing.

N-VAR

2. rhythm rhythms
A rhythm is a regular pattern of changes, for example changes in your body, in the seasons, or in the tides.

- Begin to listen to your own body rhythms.

- ...the seasonal rhythm of the agricultural year.

N-COUNT

rhythm

noun

beat

accent

cadence

lilt

metre

pulse

swing

tempo

time

rhythm and blues

rhythm and blues
Rhythm and blues is a style of popular music developed in the 1940's from blues music, but using electrically amplified instruments. The abbreviation R & B is also used.
N-UNCOUNT

rhythmic

[D.J.:ˈrɪðmɪk]

[K.K.:ˈrɪðmɪk]

adj.

有韵律的, 有节奏的

rhythmically

[D.J.:ˈrɪ ðmɪk l..ɪ]

[K.K.:ˈrɪ ðmɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

有节奏地

rhythmic *

1. rhythmic
A rhythmic movement or sound is repeated at regular intervals, forming a regular pattern or beat.

- Good breathing is slow, rhythmic and deep.

- ...the rhythmical beat of the drum.

ADJ-GRADED

2. rhythmically

- She stood, swaying her hips, moving rhythmically.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

rhythmic rhythmical

adjective

cadenced

lilting

metrical

musical

periodic

pulsating

throbbing

rhythm method

rhythm method
The rhythm method is a practice in which a couple try to prevent pregnancy by having sex only at times when the woman is not likely to become pregnant.
N-SING: usu the N

rhythm section

rhythm section
The rhythm section of a band is the musicians whose main job is to supply the rhythm. It usually consists of bass and drums, and sometimes keyboard instruments.
N-SING

rib

[D.J.:rib]

[K.K.:rɪb]

n.

肋骨, 排骨

肋骨状的东西; 骨架

ribbed

[D.J.:ribd]

[K.K.:rɪbd]

adj.

有肋骨的,有棱纹的

ribbing

[D.J.:ˈribiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrɪbɪŋ]

n.

肋状组织翅,肋骨,棱条配置,肋材购架,田垄,玩笑

ribs

肋

rib **

1. rib ribs
Your ribs are the 12 pairs of curved bones that surround your chest.

- Her heart was thumping against her ribs.

- My face was covered with bruises and I had a broken rib.

N-COUNT

2. rib ribs
A rib of meat such as beef or pork is a piece that has been cut to include one of the animal's ribs.

- ...a rib of beef.

- ...pork ribs in sweet sauce.

N-COUNT: usu N of n, n N

3. rib
Rib is a method of knitting that makes a raised pattern of parallel lines. You use rib, for example, round the edge of sweaters so that the material can stretch without losing its shape.
N-UNCOUNT

4. rib ribs ribbing ribbed
If you rib someone about something, you tease them about it in a friendly way. (INFORMAL)

- The guys in my local pub used to rib me about drinking `girly' drinks.

VB
= tease

ribbed

ribbed
A ribbed surface, material, or garment has a raised pattern of parallel lines on it.

- ...ribbed cashmere sweaters.

- ...special ribbed tyres.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

ribbing

1. ribbing
Ribbing is friendly teasing. (INFORMAL)

- I got quite a lot of ribbing from my team-mates.

N-UNCOUNT
= teasing

2. ribbing
Ribbing is a method of knitting that makes a raised pattern of parallel lines. You use ribbing, for example, round the edge of sweaters so that the material can stretch without losing its shape.
N-UNCOUNT
= rib

ribald

[D.J.:ˈrɪbəld, ˈraɪˌbɔ:ld]

[K.K.:ˈrɪbəld, ˈraɪˌbɔld]

adj.

粗俗的, 下流的

ribald

ribald
A ribald remark or sense of humour is rather rude and refers to sex in a humorous way.

- ...her ribald comments about a fellow guest's body language.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

ribald

adjective

rude

bawdy

blue

broad

coarse

earthy

naughty

near the knuckle informal

obscene

racy

smutty

vulgar

ribbon

[D.J.:ˈribən]

[K.K.:ˈrɪbən]

n.

带, 缎带, 丝带

(打印机的)色带

ribbon **

1. ribbon ribbons
A ribbon is a long, narrow piece of cloth that you use for tying things together or as a decoration.

- She had tied back her hair with a peach satin ribbon.

- ...a piece of ribbon.

N-VAR

2. ribbon ribbons
A typewriter or printer ribbon is a long, narrow piece of cloth containing ink and is used in a typewriter or printer.
N-COUNT

3. ribbon ribbons
A ribbon is a small decorative strip of cloth which is given to someone to wear on their clothes as an award or to show that they are linked with a particular organization.
N-COUNT

rib cage

rib cage rib cages
Your rib cage is the structure of ribs in your chest. It protects your lungs and other organs.
N-COUNT also ribcage .

riboflavin

[D.J.:ˌraibəuˈfleivin]

[K.K.:ˈraɪboˌflevɪn, -bə-]

n.

核黄素

riboflavin

riboflavin
Riboflavin is a vitamin that occurs in green vegetables, milk, fish, eggs, liver, and kidney.
N-UNCOUNT

rice

[D.J.:rais]

[K.K.:raɪs]

n.

稻

稻米, 大米

rice ***

rice rices
Rice consists of white or brown grains taken from a cereal plant. You cook rice and usually eat it with meat or vegetables.

- ...a meal consisting of chicken, rice and vegetables...

- Thailand exports its fine rices around the world.

N-MASS

rice paper

rice paper
Rice paper is very thin paper made from rice plants. It is used in cooking.
N-UNCOUNT

rice pudding

rice pudding rice puddings
Rice pudding is a dessert which is made from rice, milk, and sugar.
N-VAR

rich

[D.J.:ritʃ]

[K.K.:rɪtʃ]

adj.

富裕的

贵重的; 昂贵的; 豪华的

盛产的, 丰富的, 多的

丰产的; 肥沃的

油腻的, 味浓的; 富于营养的

深的; 鲜艳的; 深沉的; 洪亮的; 浓烈的

richer

adj.

更富有的

riches

[D.J.:ˈritʃiz]

[K.K.:ˈrɪtʃɪz]

n.

财富

richness

n.

丰富,浓烈,富裕,富饶,华美

rich ****

1. rich richer richest
A rich person has a lot of money or valuable possessions.

- You're going to be a very rich man.

- Their one aim in life is to get rich.

- With nothing but his own talent, he made himself rich and famous.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ poor

2. rich riches
The rich are rich people.

- This is a system in which the rich are cared for and the poor are left to suffer.

- Only the very rich have really benefited.

- ...a gossip page featuring the rich and famous.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. rich riches
Riches are valuable possessions or large amounts of money.

- An Olympic gold medal can lead to untold riches for an athlete.

- Some people want fame or riches -- I just wanted a baby.

N-PLURAL

4. rich richer richest
A rich country has a strong economy and produces a lot of wealth, so many people who live there have a high standard of living.

- There is hunger in many parts of the world, even in rich countries.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ poor

5. rich riches
If you talk about the earth's riches , you are referring to things that exist naturally in large quantities and that are useful and valuable, for example minerals, wood, and oil.

- ...Russia's vast natural riches.

- ...the oil riches of the Middle East.

N-PLURAL: usu supp N

6. rich richer richest
If something is rich in a useful or valuable substance or is a rich source of it, it contains a lot of it.

- Liver and kidney are particularly rich in vitamin A.

- Fish is a rich source of protein.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ in n, ADJ n

7. rich richer richest
Rich food contains a lot of fat or oil.

- ...the hearty, rich foods of Gascony...

- Additional cream would make it too rich.

ADJ-GRADED

8. richness

- The coffee flavour complemented the richness of the pudding.

N-UNCOUNT

9. rich richer richest
Rich soil contains large amounts of substances that make it good for growing crops or flowers in.

- Farmers grow rice in the rich soil.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ poor

10. rich richer richest
A rich deposit of a mineral or other substance is a large amount of it.

- ...the country's rich deposits of the metal, lithium.

ADJ-GRADED

11. richness

- ...the richness of Tibet's mineral deposits.

N-UNCOUNT

12. rich richer richest
If you say that something is a rich vein or source of something such as humour, ideas, or information, you mean that it can provide a lot of that thing.

- The director discovered a rich vein of sentimentality.

- My collection of Victorian literature turned out to be a rich and often hilarious source of information.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

13. rich richer richest
Rich smells are strong and very pleasant. Rich colours and sounds are deep and very pleasant.

- ...a rich and luxuriously perfumed bath essence.

- ...an attractive, glossy rich red colour.

ADJ-GRADED

14. richness

- ...the richness of colour in Gauguin's paintings.

N-UNCOUNT

15. rich richer richest
A rich life or history is one that is interesting because it is full of different events and activities.

- A rich and varied cultural life is essential for this couple.

- ...the rich history of the island...

- Manchester has a rich cultural, economic and sporting heritage.

ADJ-GRADED

16. richness

- It all adds to the richness of human life.

N-UNCOUNT

17. rich richer richest
A rich collection or mixture contains a wide and interesting variety of different things.

- Visitors can view a rich and colorful array of aquatic plants and animals.

- Australia has a rich cultural mix.

- ...a rich vocabulary.

ADJ-GRADED

18. richness

- ...a huge country, containing a richness of culture and diversity of landscape.

N-UNCOUNT

19. rich richer richest
If you say that something a person says or does is rich , you are making fun of it because you think it is a surprising and inappropriate thing for them to say or do. (INFORMAL)

- Gil says that women can't keep secrets. That's rich, coming from him, the professional sneak.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ feelings
= ironic

20. rich
If you say that someone is filthy rich or stinking rich , you disapprove of them because they have a lot of money. (INFORMAL)

- He's stinking rich, and with no more talent than he ever had before.

- ...a handful of filthy rich young men who work eight months a year.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR n disapproval
= loaded

rich

adjective

1.

wealthy

affluent

loaded slang

moneyed

prosperous

well-heeled informal

well-off

well-to-do

2.

well-stocked

full

productive

well-supplied

3.

abundant

abounding

ample

copious

fertile

fruitful

lush

luxurious

plentiful

productive

prolific

4.

full-bodied

creamy

fatty

luscious

succulent

sweet

tasty

riches

plural noun

wealth

affluence

assets

fortune

plenty

resources

substance

treasure

-rich

-rich
-rich combines with the names of useful or valuable substances to form adjectives that describe something as containing a lot of a particular substance.

- ...Angola's northern oil-rich coastline...

- It would be wise to include plenty of mineral rich foods in your diet.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

richly

[D.J.:ˈrɪtʃlɪ]

adv.

华丽地;丰富地;大量地

完全地, 充分地

richly *

1. richly
If something is richly coloured, flavoured, or perfumed, it has a pleasantly strong colour, flavour, or perfume.

- ...an opulent display of richly coloured fabrics.

- ...the richly flavoured, hearty foods of the region.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV -ed/adj

2. richly
If something is richly decorated, patterned, or furnished, it has a lot of elaborate and beautiful decoration, patterns, or furniture.

- Coffee steamed in the richly decorated silver pot.

- ...a richly illustrated introduction to the art of the Islamic world.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV -ed/adj
= lavishly

3. richly
If you say that someone richly deserves an award, success, or victory, you approve of what they have done and feel very strongly that they deserve it.

- He achieved the success he so richly deserved.

- ...a deeply affecting performance that won him a richly deserved Oscar.

ADV-GRADED: ADV before v, ADV -ed feelings

4. richly
If a person or place is richly endowed or supplied with something, they have a lot of it.

- ...a boy richly endowed with courage...

- The hands are richly supplied with nerve endings.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed

5. richly
If you are richly rewarded for doing something, you get something very valuable or pleasant in return for doing it.

- It is a difficult book to read, but it richly rewards the effort.

- Their caution has been richly rewarded.

ADV-GRADED: ADV before v, ADV -ed

richly

adverb

1.

elaborately

elegantly

expensively

exquisitely

gorgeously

lavishly

luxuriously

opulently

splendidly

sumptuously

2.

fully

amply

appropriately

properly

suitably

thoroughly

well

Richter scale *

Richter scale
The Richter scale is a scale which is used for measuring how severe an earthquake is.

- An earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter Scale struck California yesterday.

N-SING: the N

rick

[D.J.:rik]

[K.K.:rɪk]

n.

干草堆

vt.

堆成垛

rick

1. rick ricks ricking ricked
If you rick your neck, you hurt it by pulling or twisting it in an unusual way. (BRIT; in AM use wrench )

- Kernaghan missed the United game after he ricked his neck.

- He recovered from a ricked neck.

VB

2. rick ricks
A rick is a large pile of dried grass or straw that is built in a regular shape and kept in a field until it is needed.
N-COUNT

rickets

[D.J.:ˈrikits]

[K.K.:ˈrɪkɪts]

n.

软骨病,佝偻病,驼背

rickets

rickets
Rickets is a disease that children can get when their food does not contain enough Vitamin D. It makes their bones soft and causes their liver and spleen to become too large.
N-UNCOUNT

rickety

[D.J.:ˈrɪkɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈrɪkɪti]

adj.

连接处不牢固的;快要散架的

rickety

rickety
A rickety structure or piece of furniture is not very strong or well made, and seems likely to collapse or break.

- Mona climbed the rickety wooden stairway.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= ramshackle

rickety

adjective

shaky

insecure

precarious

ramshackle

tottering

unsound

unsteady

wobbly

rickshaw

[D.J.:ˈrɪkʃɔ:]

n.

黄包车,人力车

rickshaw

rickshaw rickshaws
A rickshaw is a simple vehicle that is used in Asia for carrying passengers. Some rickshaws are pulled by a man who walks or runs in front.
N-COUNT

ricochet

[D.J.:ˌrɪkəˈʃeɪ, ˈrɪkəˌʃeɪ]

[K.K.:ˌrɪkəˈʃe, ˈrɪkəˌʃe]

n.

(尤指炮弹、子弹接触水面、地面后的)跳飞,弹跳,漂飞

被跳弹击中

vi.

反弹；跳飞

ricochet

1. ricochet ricochets ricocheting ricocheted
When a bullet ricochets , it hits a surface and bounces away from it.

- The bullets ricocheted off the bonnet and windscreen.

VB

2. ricochet ricochets
Also a noun.

- He was wounded in the shoulder by a ricochet.

N-COUNT

rid

[D.J.:rid]

[K.K.:rɪd]

vt.

使摆脱, 解除…的负担, 从…中清除

rid ***

1. rid
When you get rid of something that you do not want or do not like, you take action so that you no longer have it or suffer from it.

- The owner needs to get rid of the car for financial reasons.

- There's corruption, and we're going to get rid of it.

- She will have to get rid of the excess weight on her hips.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

2. rid
If you get rid of someone who is causing problems for you or who you do not like, you do something to prevent them affecting you any more, for example by making them leave.

- He believed that his manager wanted to get rid of him for personal reasons.

- You seem in rather a hurry to get rid of me.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

3. rid rids ridding
If you rid a place or person of something undesirable or unwanted, you succeed in removing it completely from that place or person.

- The proposals are an attempt to rid the country of political corruption.

- The new vaccine may rid the world of one of its most terrifying diseases.

VB The form rid is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= free

4. rid rids ridding
If you rid yourself of something you do not want, you take action so that you no longer have it or are no longer affected by it.

- Why couldn't he ever rid himself of those thoughts, those worries?

- ...the country's efforts to rid itself of poverty and hunger.

VB The form rid is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= free

5. rid
If you are rid of someone or something that you did not want or that caused problems for you, they are no longer with you or causing problems for you.

- The family had sought a way to be rid of her and the problems she had caused them.

ADJ: v-link ADJ of n

6. rid
If you say that someone is well rid of someone, you think it is good that the person has gone because you did not like them or you think they caused a lot of problems.

- It seems to me your wife was a shallow woman and you're well rid of her.

PHR: V inflects

rid

verb

1.

free

clear

deliver

disburden

disencumber

make free

purge

relieve

unburden

get rid of

2.

dispose of

dump

eject

eliminate

expel

remove

throw away or out

riddance

[D.J.:ˈrɪdns]

[K.K.:ˈrɪdn..s]

n.

(用以表示庆幸的感叹)谢天谢地,总算摆脱了

good riddance (to sb/sth)

谢天谢地，总算走了

riddance

riddance
You say ` good riddance ' to indicate that you are pleased that someone has left or that something has gone.

- He's gone back to London in a huff and good riddance.

- I left Texas and said good riddance to all that.

PHR: oft PHR to n feelings

ridden

[D.J.:ˈrɪdn]

[K.K.:ˈrɪdn..]

adj.

(通常构成复合词)充满(某种不良事物)的;满是的；受…困扰的

ride 的过去分词

ride

[D.J.:raid]

[K.K.:raɪd]

vt. & vi.

乘, 骑, 驾

n.

乘骑, 乘坐, 搭乘

riding

[D.J.:ˈraɪdɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈraɪdɪŋ]

n.

骑马

be riding for a fall

自讨苦吃；自找麻烦

riding high

很成功；很自信

rode

[D.J.:rəʊd]

[K.K.:rod]

(ride的过去式)

ridden

ridden
Ridden is the past participle of ride .

ride ****

1. ride rides riding rode ridden
When you ride a horse, you sit on it and control its movements.

- I saw a girl riding a horse.

- Can you ride?.

- He was riding on his horse looking for the castle.

- They still ride around on horses.

VB

2. ride rides riding rode ridden
When you ride a bicycle or a motorcycle, you sit on it, control it, and travel along on it.

- Riding a bike is great exercise.

- Two men riding on motorcycles opened fire on him.

- He rode to work on a bicycle.

VB

3. ride rides riding rode ridden
When you ride in a vehicle such as a car, you travel in it.

- He prefers travelling on the Tube to riding in a limousine.

- I was riding on the back of a friend's bicycle.

- I remember the village full of American servicemen riding around in jeeps.

- I rode to Lily's in a cab.

VB

4. ride rides
A ride is a journey on a horse or bicycle, or in a vehicle.

- She took some friends for a ride in the family car.

- Would you like to go for a ride?.

- She lives just a short bus ride from school.

N-COUNT

5. ride rides
In a fairground, a ride is a large machine that people ride on for fun.
N-COUNT

6. ride rides riding rode ridden
If you say that one thing is riding on another, you mean that the first thing depends on the second thing.

- Billions of pounds are riding on the outcome of the election.

- Everything rides on the judgment of these few men.

VB: oft cont
= depend

7. ride
If you say that someone or something is riding high , you mean that they are popular or successful at the present time.

- He was riding high in the public opinion polls.

- His team is riding high.

PHR: V inflects, usu cont

8. ride
If you say that someone faces a rough ride , you mean that things are going to be difficult for them because people will criticize them a lot or treat them badly. (INFORMAL)

- The Chancellor could face a rough ride unless the plan works.

- The woman who is brave enough to pursue her own path must prepare herself for a rough ride.

PHR: usu PHR after v
= tough time

9. ride
If you say that someone has been taken for a ride , you mean that they have been deceived or cheated. (INFORMAL)

- You've been taken for a ride. Why did you give him five thousand francs?

PHR: V inflects

riding **

riding
Riding is the activity or sport of riding horses.

- The next morning we went riding again.

- She runs a riding school in Devon.

N-UNCOUNT

rode

Rode is the past tense of ride .

ride

verb

1.

control

handle

manage

2.

travel

be carried

go

move

noun

3.

trip

drive

jaunt

journey

lift

outing

-ridden

-ridden
-ridden combines with nouns to form adjectives that describe something as having a lot of a particular undesirable thing or quality, or suffering very much because of it.

- ...the debt-ridden economies of Latin America...

- Too many women are like me, guilt ridden about the kids.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

riddle

[D.J.:ˈridl]

[K.K.:ˈrɪdl]

n.

谜(语)

猜不透的难题, 难解之谜

riddling

adj.

谜一样的,解谜的

n.

筛选

riddle *

1. riddle riddles
A riddle is a puzzle or joke in which you ask a question that seems to be nonsense but which has a clever or amusing answer.
N-COUNT

2. riddle riddles
You can describe something as a riddle if people have been trying to understand or explain it but have not been able to.

- Scientists claimed yesterday to have solved the riddle of the birth of the Universe.

N-COUNT
= mystery puzzle

3. riddle riddles riddling riddled
If someone riddles something with bullets or bullet holes, they fire a lot of bullets into it.

- Unknown attackers riddled two homes with gunfire.

- The darkness saved me from being riddled with bullets.

VB

riddled *

1. riddled
If something is riddled with bullets or bullet holes, it is full of bullet holes.

- The bodies of four people were found riddled with bullets.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ with n

2. riddled
If something is riddled with undesirable qualities or features, it is full of them.

- They were the principal shareholders in a bank riddled with corruption.

- The report was riddled with errors.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ with n

riddle

noun

puzzle

conundrum

enigma

mystery

poser

problem

riddled

adjective

filled

damaged

infested

permeated

pervaded

spoilt

-riddled

-riddled
-riddled combines with nouns to form adjectives that describe something as being full of a particular undesirable thing or quality.

- She pushed the bullet-riddled door open.

- It is a dangerous, crime-riddled, filthy city.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n

ride out ****

ride out rides out; riding out; rode out; ridden out
If someone rides out a storm or a crisis, they manage to survive a difficult period without suffering serious harm.

- The ruling party think they can ride out the political storm.

- He has to just ride this out and hope that it turns in his favor.

PHR-V
= survive

ride up ****

ride up rides up; riding up; rode up; ridden up
If a garment rides up , it moves upwards, out of its proper position.

- My underskirt had ridden up into a thick band around my hips.

PHR-V

rider

[D.J.:ˈraɪdə]

[K.K.:ˈraɪdɚ]

n.

骑(马、自行车等)的人

乘客

附文, 附加条款

rider ***

rider riders
A rider is someone who rides a horse, a bicycle, or a motorcycle as a hobby or job. You can also refer to someone who is riding a horse, a bicycle, or a motorcycle as a rider.

- She is a very good and experienced rider.

- As we came out of the stables, a rider came towards us.

N-COUNT

ridge

[D.J.:ridʒ]

[K.K.:rɪdʒ]

n.

脊, 山脊

脊状突起

ridge **

1. ridge ridges
A ridge is a long, narrow piece of raised land.
N-COUNT

2. ridge ridges
A ridge is a raised line on a flat surface.

- ...the bony ridge of the eye socket.

N-COUNT: with supp

ridged

ridged
A ridged surface has raised lines on it.

- ...boots with thick, ridged soles for walking.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

ridicule

[D.J.:ˈrɪdɪˌkju:l]

[K.K.:ˈrɪdɪˌkjul]

n.

嘲笑, 奚落, 嘲弄, 戏弄

vt.

嘲笑, 嘲弄, 奚落

ridicule *

1. ridicule ridicules ridiculing ridiculed
If you ridicule someone or ridicule their ideas or beliefs, you make fun of them in an unkind way.

- I admired her all the more for allowing them to ridicule her and never striking back.

- I don't think his faith should be ridiculed.

VB
= mock

2. ridicule
If someone or something is an object of ridicule or is held up to ridicule , someone makes fun of them in an unkind way.

- As a heavy child, she became the object of ridicule from classmates.

- The process of judicial selection was held up to ridicule.

- Davis was subjected to public ridicule.

N-UNCOUNT

ridicule

noun

1.

mockery

chaff

derision

gibe

jeer

laughter

raillery

scorn

verb

2.

laugh at

chaff

deride

jeer

make fun of

mock

poke fun at

sneer

ridiculous

[D.J.:riˈdikjuləs]

[K.K.:rɪˈdɪkjələs]

adj.

可笑的, 荒谬的

ridiculous **

ridiculous
If you say that something or someone is ridiculous , you mean that they are very foolish.

- It is ridiculous to suggest we are having a romance.

- It was an absolutely ridiculous decision.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ that/to-inf
= absurd

ridiculous

adjective

laughable

absurd

comical

farcical

funny

ludicrous

risible

silly

stupid

ridiculously

[D.J.:rɪˈdɪkjʊləslɪ]

[K.K.:rɪˈdɪkjələslɪ]

adv.

可笑地;荒谬地

ridiculously *

ridiculously
You use ridiculously to emphasize the fact that you think something is unreasonable or very surprising.

- Dena bought rolls of silk that seemed ridiculously cheap.

- She looked ridiculously young to be a mother.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/adv emphasis

rife

[D.J.:raɪf]

[K.K.:raɪf]

adj.

流行的;普遍的

充满的,众多的

rife *

rife
If you say that something, usually something bad, is rife in a place or that the place is rife with it, you mean that it is very common.

- Speculation is rife that he will be sacked.

- Bribery and corruption were rife in the industry.

- Hollywood soon became rife with rumors.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n

rife

adjective

widespread

common

frequent

general

prevalent

rampant

ubiquitous

universal

riff

[D.J.:rif]

[K.K.:rɪf]

n.

即兴重复段

riff *

riff riffs
In jazz and rock music, a riff is a short repeated tune.
N-COUNT

riffle

[D.J.:ˈrifl]

[K.K.:ˈrɪfəl]

n.

浅滩,湍流,涟漪,洗牌动作

v.

使起涟漪,迅速洗牌;流过浅滩,成涟漪,迅速翻书

riffling

[ˈrifliŋ]

n.

用金刚砂水磨

riffle

riffle riffles riffling riffled
If you riffle through the pages of a book or riffle them, you turn them over quickly, without reading everything that is on them.

- I riffled through the pages until I reached the index.

VB
= flick

riff-raff

n.

〈贬〉下等社会的为非作歹者；乌合之众

riff-raff

riff-raff
If you refer to a group of people as riff-raff , you disapprove of them because you think they are not respectable.
N-UNCOUNT also riffraff . disapproval

rifle

[D.J.:ˈraifl]

[K.K.:ˈraɪfəl]

n.

步枪

rifling

[D.J.:ˈraifliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈraɪflɪŋ]

n.

装膛线,膛线

rifle **

1. rifle rifles
A rifle is a gun with a long barrel.

- They shot him at point blank range with an automatic rifle.

- Neighbours heard the sound of rifle fire and alerted the police.

N-COUNT

2. rifle rifles rifling rifled
If you rifle through things or rifle them, you make a quick search among them in order to find something or steal something.

- I discovered my husband rifling through the filing cabinet.

- The men rifled through his clothing and snatched the wallet.

- There were lockers by each seat and I quickly rifled the contents.

VB

rifle

verb

ransack

burgle

go through

loot

pillage

plunder

rob

sack

strip

rifleman

[D.J.:ˈraɪfəlmən]

[K.K.:ˈraɪfəlmən]

n.

步兵

rifleman

rifleman riflemen
A rifleman is a person, especially a soldier, who is skilled in the use of a rifle.
N-COUNT

rifle range

rifle range rifle ranges
A rifle range is a place where you can practise shooting with a rifle.
N-COUNT

rift

[D.J.:rɪft]

[K.K.:rɪft]

n.

裂缝, 裂隙

分裂, 不和

rift *

1. rift rifts
A rift between people or countries is a serious quarrel or disagreement that stops them having a good relationship.

- The interview reflected a growing rift between the President and the government.

- He has warned that the serious rifts within the country could lead to civil war.

- They hope to heal the rift with their father.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft adj N, N prep

2. rift rifts
A rift is a split that appears in something solid, especially in the ground.
N-COUNT

rift

noun

1.

breach

disagreement

division

falling out informal

quarrel

separation

split

2.

split

break

cleft

crack

crevice

fault

fissure

flaw

gap

opening

rig

[riɡ]

n.

船桅(或船帆等)的装置

成套器械

vt.

给(船、桅杆)装配帆及索具

用临时替代材料迅速搭起

(用不正当手段)操纵, 垄断

rigged

[riɡd]

adj.

作弊的,非法操纵的

rigging

[D.J.:ˈriɡiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrɪɡɪŋ]

n.

船上的全部帆缆; 索具

rig **

1. rig rigs rigging rigged
If someone rigs an election, a job appointment, or a game, they dishonestly arrange it to get the result they want or to give someone an unfair advantage.

- She accused her opponents of rigging the vote.

- They rig their domestic markets in favour of local businesses.

- ...the blatantly rigged elections which allowed him to retain power.

VB

2. rig rigs
A rig is a large structure that is used for looking for oil or gas and for taking it out of the ground or the sea bed.

- ...a supply vessel for gas rigs in the North Sea.

N-COUNT: oft n N

3. rig rigs
A rig is a truck or lorry that is made in two or more sections which are joined together by metal bars, so that the vehicle can turn more easily. (AM; in BRIT usually use articulated lorry )
N-COUNT

rigging *

1. rigging
Vote or ballot rigging is the act of dishonestly organizing an election to get a particular result.

- She was accused of corruption, of vote rigging on a massive scale.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

2. rigging
On a ship, the rigging is the ropes which support the ship's masts and sails.
N-UNCOUNT

rig

verb

1.

fix informal

arrange

engineer

gerrymander

manipulate

tamper with

2.

equip

fit out

furnish

kit out

outfit

supply

noun

3.

apparatus

equipment

fittings

fixtures

gear

tackle

rig out **

rig out rigs out; rigging out; rigged out
If you rig yourself out or are rigged out in a particular way, you are wearing a particular kind of clothes. (INFORMAL)

- I rigged myself out in thick jeans and heavy belt.

- I was rigged out in my usual green suit.

PHR-V

rig out

verb

1.

dress

array

attire

clothe

costume

kit out

2.

equip

fit

furnish

kit out

outfit

rig up **

rig up rigs up; rigging up; rigged up
If you rig up a device or structure, you make it or fix it in place using any materials that are available.

- When it rained I rigged up a partial shelter with a tarpaulin.

- Election officials have rigged up speakers to provide voters with music.

PHR-V

rig up

verb

set up

arrange

assemble

build

construct

erect

fix up

improvise

put together

put up

right

[D.J.:rait]

[K.K.:raɪt]

adj.

正当的, 适当的, 合法的, 符合要求的

对的, 正确的, 准确的

右边的, 右方的

切合实际的, 最适宜的, 最恰当的

良好的, 正常的

真实的, 完全的

adv.

准确地; 直接地

彻底地; 完全地

向右, 往右

正确地; 令人满意地; 恰当地

立即, 马上

n.

正确; 正当; 公正; 正义

权利

右边, 右面

右手, 右手拳

vt.

使回复到适当的[正确的, 直立的]位置

纠正, 改正

rightly

[D.J.:ˈraɪtli:]

[K.K.:ˈraɪtli]

adv.

正确地, 确实地

公正地, 公平地

肯定地;无疑地

rightness

[D.J.:ˈraɪtnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈraɪtnɪs]

n.

公正;廉正

正确;适当

rights

[raits]

n.

认股权

right 1 correct, appropriate, or acceptable *****

1. right
If something is right , it is correct and agrees with the facts.

- That's absolutely right.

- Clocks never told the right time.

- You chip away at the problem until somebody comes up with the right answer.

- The barman tells me you saw Ann on Tuesday morning. Is that right?

ADJ
= correct ≠ wrong

2. right
Also an adverb.

- He guessed right about some things.

ADV: ADV after v

3. rightly

- She attended one meeting only, if I remember rightly.

ADV: ADV after v

4. right
If you do something in the right way or in the right place, you do it as or where it should be done or was planned to be done.

- Walking, done in the right way, is a form of aerobic exercise.

- They have computerized systems to ensure delivery of the right pizza to the right place.

- The chocolate is then melted down to exactly the right temperature.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= correct ≠ wrong

5. right
Also an adverb.

- To make sure I did everything right, I bought a fat instruction book.

ADV: ADV after v
= correctly

6. right
If you say that someone is seen in all the right places or knows all the right people, you mean that they go to places which are socially acceptable or know people who are socially acceptable.

- He was always to be seen in the right places.

- Through his father, he had met all the right people.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ wrong

7. right
If someone is right about something, they are correct in what they say or think about it.

- Ron has been right about the result of every General Election but one.

- Is that true? Was she right?.

- Am I right in thinking you're the only person in the club who's actually played at Wembley?

ADJ
= correct ≠ wrong

8. rightly

- He rightly assumed that the boy was hiding.

ADV

9. right
If something such as a choice, action, or decision is the right one, it is the best or most suitable one.

- She'd made the right choice in leaving New York.

- The right decision was made, but probably for the wrong reasons.

- They decided the time was right for their escape.

ADJ
= correct ≠ wrong

10. rightly

- She hoped she'd decided rightly.

ADV: ADV with v

11. right
If something is not right , there is something unsatisfactory about the situation or thing that you are talking about.

- Ratatouille doesn't taste right with any other oil.

- The name Sue Anne never seemed quite right to Molly.

- He went into hospital and came out after a week. But he still wasn't right.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, with brd-neg
≠ wrong

12. right
If you think that someone was right to do something, you think that there were good moral reasons why they did it.

- You were right to do what you did, under the circumstances.

- The president was absolutely right in ordering the bombing raid.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ to-inf
≠ wrong

13. rightly

- The crowd screamed for a penalty but the referee rightly ignored them.

- Education, quite rightly, is currently at the forefront of the political agenda.

ADV: ADV before v, ADV with cl

14. right
Right is used to refer to activities or actions that are considered to be morally good and acceptable.

- It's not right, leaving her like this.

- Fox hunting is popular among some people in this country. It doesn't make it right though.

- The BBC thought it was right and proper not to show the film.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft with brd-neg
≠ wrong

15. right
Also a noun.

- At least he knew right from wrong.

N-UNCOUNT

16. rightness

- Many people have very strong opinions about the rightness or wrongness of abortion.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

17. right rights righting righted
If you right something or if it rights itself, it returns to its normal or correct state, after being in an undesirable state.

- They recognise the urgency of righting the economy.

- Your eyesight rights itself very quickly.

VB

18. right rights righting righted
If you right a wrong, you do something to make up for a mistake or something bad that you did in the past.

- We've made progress in righting the wrongs of the past.

- Having spent 25 years righting his own mistakes, he is anxious that children should not waste opportunities.

VB
= rectify

19. right rights righting righted
If you right something that has fallen or rolled over, or if it rights itself, it returns to its normal upright position.

- He righted the yacht and continued the race.

- The helicopter turned at an awful angle before righting itself.

VB

20. right
The right side of a material is the side that is intended to be seen and that faces outwards when it is made into something.
ADJ: ADJ n
≠ wrong

21. right
If you say that things are going right , you mean that your life or a situation is developing as you intended or expected and you are pleased with it.

- I can't think of anything in my life that's going right.

- I was pleased with my performance on Saturday -- everything went right.

PHR: V inflects
≠ go wrong

22. right
If someone has behaved in a way which is morally or legally right, you can say that they are in the right . You usually use this expression when the person is involved in an argument or dispute.

- She wasn't entirely in the right.

- Legally, the local tax office is in the right.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
≠ in the wrong

23. right
If you put something right , you correct something that was wrong or that was causing problems.

- We've discovered what's gone wrong and are going to put it right.

PHR: V inflects

24. right
You can use Mr Right , Miss Right , or Ms Right to talk about the kind of person that you imagine you will marry or spend the rest of your life with.

- She confesses to having trouble finding Mr Right.

- ...bachelors searching for Ms Right.

PHR

right 2 direction and political groupings *****

1. right
The right is one of two opposite directions, sides, or positions. If you are facing north and you turn to the right, you will be facing east. In the word `to', the `o' is to the right of the `t'.

- Ahead of you on the right will be a lovely garden.

- He looks to his left, up at the screen, then to his right.

N-SING: usu the N
≠ left

2. right
Also an adverb.

- Turn right into the street.

ADV: ADV after v

3. right
Your right arm, leg, or ear, for example, is the one which is on the right side of your body. Your right shoe or glove is the one which is intended to be worn on your right foot or hand.
ADJ: ADJ n
≠ left

4. right
You can refer to people who support the political ideals of capitalism and conservatism as the right . They are often contrasted with the left , who support the political ideals of socialism.

- The Tory Right despise him.

- The right attacks me for being irreligious.

N-SING-COLL: the N The spelling Right is also used
≠ left

5. right
If you say that someone has moved to the right , you mean that their political beliefs have become more right-wing.

- They see the shift to the Right as a worldwide phenomenon.

N-SING: the N The spelling Right is also used
≠ left

6. right
If someone is at a person's right hand , they work closely with that person so they can help and advise them.

- I think he ought to be at the right hand of the president.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

right 3 entitlement *****

1. right rights
Your rights are what you are morally or legally entitled to do or to have.

- They don't know their rights.

- You must stand up for your rights.

- ...voting rights.

N-PLURAL: usu poss N

2. right
If you have a right to do or to have something, you are morally or legally entitled to do it or to have it.

- ...a woman's right to choose...

- People have the right to read any kind of material they wish.

N-SING: usu N to-inf

3. right rights
If someone has the rights to a story or book, they are legally allowed to publish it or reproduce it in another form, and nobody else can do so without their permission.

- An agent bought the rights to his life.

- He'd tried to buy the film rights of all George Bernard Shaw's plays.

N-PLURAL: the N, usu with supp

4. right
If something is not the case but you think that it should be, you can say that by rights it should be the case.

- She did work which by rights should be done by someone else.

PHR: PHR with cl

5. right
If someone is a successful or respected person in their own right , they are successful or respected because of their own efforts and talents rather than those of the people they are closely connected with.

- Although now a celebrity in her own right, actress Lynn Redgrave knows the difficulties of living in the shadow of her famous older sister.

- Their baby is a person in his own right.

PHR: usu n adj PHR

6. right
If you say that you reserve the right to do something, you mean that you will do it if you feel that it is necessary.

- He reserved the right to change his mind.

- The ministry said it reserved the right to take whatever action necessary.

PHR: V inflects, PHR to-inf

7. right
If you say that someone is within their rights to do something, you mean that they are morally or legally entitled to do it.

- You were quite within your rights to refuse to co-operate with him.

PHR: usu v-link PHR
= justified

right 4 discourse uses *****

1. right
You use right in order to attract someone's attention or to indicate that you have dealt with one thing so you can go on to another. (SPOKEN)

- Right, I'll be back in a minute.

- Wonderful. Right, let's go to our next caller.

ADV: ADV cl

2. right
You can use right to check whether what you have just said is correct. (SPOKEN)

- They have a small plane, right?.

- So if it's not there now, the killer has it. Right?

CONVENTION

3. right
You can say ` right ' to show that you are listening to what someone is saying and that you accept it or understand it. (SPOKEN)

- `Your children may well come away speaking with a bit of a broad country accent' --- `Right.' --- `because they're mixing with country children.'

ADV: ADV as reply
= yes

4. right
You say ` right on ' to express your support or approval. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN, OLD-FASHIONED)

- He suggested that many of the ideas just would not work. But the tenor of his input was `Right on! Please show us how to make them work'.

CONVENTION feelings

5. right
If someone says ` right you are ', they are agreeing to do something in a very willing and happy way. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- `I want a word with you when you stop.' --- `Right you are.'

PHR
= OK

right 5 used for emphasis *****

1. right
You can use right to emphasize the precise place, position, or time of something.

- The back of a car appeared right in front of him.

- ...a charming resort right on the Italian frontier...

- I had to decide right then.

ADV: ADV adv/prep emphasis

2. right
You can use right to emphasize how far something moves or extends or how long it continues.

- ...the highway that runs through the Indian zone right to the army positions...

- She was kept very busy right up to the moment of her departure.

- It was taken right there on a conveyor belt.

ADV: ADV prep/adv emphasis
= all the way

3. right
You can use right to emphasize that an action or state is complete.

- The candle had burned right down.

- If somebody fell in that water we could throw them a rope and pull them right out!

ADV: ADV adv/prep emphasis

4. right
You can use right to emphasize a noun, usually a noun referring to something bad. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He gave them a right telling off.

- England's European Championship plans are in a right mess.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= real

5. right
If you say that something happened right after a particular time or event or right before it, you mean that it happened immediately after or before it.

- All of a sudden, right after the summer, Mother gets married.

- She then decided right before the opening to make a dramatic announcement.

ADV: ADV prep/adv emphasis
= just

6. right
If you say I'll be right there or I'll be right back , you mean that you will get to a place or get back to it in a very short time.

- I'm going to get some water. I'll be right back.

ADV: ADV adv emphasis

7. right
If you do something right away or right off , you do it immediately. (INFORMAL)

- He wants to see you right away.

- I knew right away she was dead.

- Right off I want to confess that I was wrong.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR with cl emphasis
= straight away

8. right
You can use right now to emphasize that you are referring to the present moment. (INFORMAL)

- Right now I'm feeling very excited.

- I'm warning you; stop it right now!

PHR: PHR with cl emphasis

right 6 used in titles **

Right
Right is used in some British titles. It indicates high rank or status.

- ...The Right Reverend John Baker.

- ...the Right Honourable Lynn Jones MP.

- ...the Right Honourable Michael Portillo.

ADV: ADV adj

right

adjective

1.

just

equitable

ethical

fair

good

honest

lawful

moral

proper

2.

correct

accurate

exact

factual

genuine

precise

true

valid

3.

proper

appropriate

becoming

desirable

done

fit

fitting

seemly

suitable

adverb

4.

correctly

accurately

exactly

genuinely

precisely

truly

5.

properly

appropriately

aptly

fittingly

suitably

6.

straight

directly

promptly

quickly

straightaway

7.

exactly

precisely

squarely

noun

8.

claim

authority

business

due

freedom

liberty

licence

permission

power

prerogative

privilege

verb

9.

rectify

correct

fix

put right

redress

settle

sort out

straighten

right angle *

1. right angle right angles
A right angle is an angle of ninety degrees. A square has four right angles.
N-COUNT also right-angle .

2. right angle
If two things are at right angles , they are situated so that they form an angle of 90° where they touch each other. You can also say that one thing is at right angles to another.

- ...two lasers at right angles.

PHR: oft PHR to n also right-angle .

right-angled

[D.J.:ˌraɪtˈæŋgəld]

[K.K.:ˌraɪtˈæŋɡəld]

adj.

直角的

right-angled

1. right-angled
A right-angled triangle has one angle that is a right angle. (BRIT; in AM use right triangle )
ADJ: ADJ n

2. right-angled
A right-angled bend is a sharp bend that turns through approximately ninety degrees.
ADJ: ADJ n

righteous

[D.J.:ˈraɪtʃəs]

[K.K.:ˈraɪtʃəs]

adj.

正直的,正派的

正当的;道义上无可指责的

righteously

adv.

正当地

righteousness

n.

正直;正当;正义

righteously

[D.J.:ˈraɪtʃəsɪ]

[K.K.:ˈraɪtʃəsɪ]

adv.

公正地;正直地;正当地

righteousness

n.

正当,正义,正直

righteous *

1. righteous
If you think that someone behaves or lives in a way that is morally good, you can say that they are righteous . People sometimes use righteous to express their disapproval when they think someone is only behaving in this way so that others will admire or support them. (FORMAL)

- Aren't you afraid of being seen as a righteous crusader?.

- He was full of righteous indignation.

- ...petty dictators and righteous politicians.

ADJ-GRADED

2. righteousness

- Both sides in the dispute have been adopting a tone of moral righteousness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. righteously

- They righteously maintain that they do not practise rationing.

ADV-GRADED

righteous

adjective

virtuous

ethical

fair

good

honest

honourable

just

moral

pure

upright

righteousness

noun

virtue

goodness

honesty

honour

integrity

justice

morality

probity

purity

rectitude

uprightness

rightful

[D.J.:ˈraɪtfəl]

[K.K.:ˈraɪtfəl]

adj.

合法的, 理应享有的

rightfully

[D.J.:ˈraɪtfəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈraɪtfəlɪ]

adv.

正直地;正当地

rightful *

1. rightful
If you say that someone or something has returned to its rightful place or position, they have returned to the place or position that you think they should have.

- The Baltics' own democratic traditions would help them to regain their rightful place in Europe.

- He had been denied what he believed to be his rightful position at the center of things.

- The car must be returned to its rightful owner.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. rightfully

- Jealousy is the feeling that someone else has something that rightfully belongs to you.

- She's inherited the money which is rightfully hers.

- Killing a police officer is something that's taken very seriously and rightfully so.

ADV: ADV group

rightful

adjective

lawful

due

just

legal

legitimate

proper

real

true

valid

right-hand

[D.J.:ˈraɪtˈhænd]

[K.K.:ˈraɪtˈhænd]

adj.

右手的,得力的

right-hand **

right-hand
If something is on the right-hand side of something, it is positioned on the right of it.

- ...a church on the right-hand side of the road.

- ...the upper right-hand corner of the picture.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ left-hand

right-hand drive

right-hand drive
A right-hand drive vehicle has its steering wheel on the right side. It is designed to be driven in countries such as Britain, Japan, and Australia where people drive on the left side of the road.
ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ left-hand drive

right-handed

[D.J.:ˈraɪtˈhændɪd]

[K.K.:ˈraɪtˈhændɪd]

adj.

(惯)用右手的

向右转的,顺时针方向的

right-handed *

1. right-handed
Someone who is right-handed uses their right hand rather than their left hand for activities such as writing and sports, and for picking things up.
ADJ
≠ left-handed

2. right-handed
Also an adverb.

- I batted left-handed and bowled right-handed.

ADV: ADV after v

right-hander

[D.J.:ˈraɪtˈhændə]

[K.K.:ˈraɪtˈhændɚ]

n.

用右手的人,右手打击

right-hander

right-hander right-handers
You can describe someone as a right-hander if they use their right hand rather than their left hand for activities such as writing and sports and for picking things up.
N-COUNT
≠ left-hander

right-hand man

right-hand man right-hand men
Someone's right-hand man is the person who acts as their chief assistant and helps and supports them a lot in their work.

- He is Rupert Murdoch's right-hand man at News International.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

rightist

[ˈraitist]

n.

右派

rightist

1. rightist rightists
If someone is described as a rightist , they are politically conservative and traditional. Rightists support the ideals of capitalism.
N-COUNT
≠ leftist

2. rightist
If someone has rightist views or takes part in rightist activities, they are politically conservative and traditional and support the ideas of capitalism.
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ leftist

right-minded

[D.J.:ˈraɪtˌmaɪndɪd]

[K.K.:ˈraɪtˌmaɪndɪd]

adj.

公正的,正直的

right-minded

right-minded
If you think that someone's opinions or beliefs are sensible and you agree with them, you can describe them as a right-minded person.

- He is an able, right-minded, and religious man.

ADJ: usu ADJ n approval
= right-thinking

righto

[ˈraitəu]

int.

好,对

righto

righto
Some people say righto to show that they agree with a suggestion that someone has made. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Righto, Harry. I'll put Russ Clements in charge.

EXCLAM also right oh . formulae
= OK

right-of-centre

right-of-centre
You can describe a person or political party as right-of-centre if they have political views which are closer to capitalism and conservatism than to socialism but which are not very extreme.

- ...the new right-of-centre civilian government.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) right-of-center
≠ left-of-centre

right of way

1. right of way rights of way
A right of way is a public path across private land.
N-COUNT

2. right of way
When someone who is driving or walking along a road has right of way or the right of way , they have the right to continue along a particular road or path, and other people must stop for them.
N-UNCOUNT

3. right of way rights of way
A right of way is a strip of land that is used for a road, railway line, or power line. (AM)
N-COUNT

right-on

[D.J.:ˈraitˈɔn]

[K.K.:ˈraɪtˈɑn, -ˈɔn]

adj.

完全正确的,入时的

right-on **

right-on
You can describe someone as right-on if they have liberal or left-wing ideas, especially if you disagree with them or want to make fun of them.

- The people that come to watch the play are all those right-on left-wing sort of people.

- ...the young, right-on student crowd.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= politically correct

right on : see right .

rights issue

rights issue rights issues
A rights issue is when a company offers shares at a reduced price to people who already have shares in the company.
N-COUNT

right-thinking

adj.

思想健全的,头脑正常的

right-thinking

right-thinking
If you think that someone's opinions or beliefs are sensible and you agree with them, you can describe them as a right-thinking person.

- Every right-thinking American would be proud of them.

ADJ: usu ADJ n approval
= right-minded

right to life

right to life
When people talk about an unborn baby's right to life , they mean that a baby has the right to be born, even if it is severely disabled or if its mother does not want it.

- Surely the fetus has a right to life?

- ....the Right to Life Campaign.

N-SING: oft N n

right triangle

right triangle right triangles
A right triangle has one angle that is a right angle. (AM; in BRIT use right-angled triangle )
N-COUNT

rightward

[D.J.:ˈraitwəd]

[K.K.:ˈraɪtwəd]

adj.

向右地,在右侧

adv.

在右边的,向右的

rightward

1. rightward
If there is a rightward trend in the politics of a person or party, their views become more right-wing.

- The result reflects a modest rightward shift in opinion.

ADJ: ADJ n The form rightwards is also used

2. rightward
Also an adverb.

- He continued to urge the Conservative Party to tilt rightwards.

ADV: ADV after v The form rightwards is also used

right-wing

[ˈraitwiŋ]

adj.

右翼的,右派的

right-wing ***

1. right-wing
A right-wing person or group has conservative or capitalist views.

- ...a right-wing government...

- Liberals say the paper is too right-wing.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. right-wing
The right wing of a political party consists of the members who have the most conservative or the most capitalist views.

- ...the right wing of the Conservative Party...

- Why did the right wing have so much power within the Kremlin?

N-SING: the N The spelling right wing is also used

right-winger

n.

右翼分子

right-winger *

right-winger right-wingers
If you think someone has views which are more right-wing than most other members of their party, you can say they are a right-winger .
N-COUNT
≠ left-winger

rigid

[D.J.:ˈridʒid]

[K.K.:ˈrɪdʒɪd]

adj.

刚硬的; 僵硬的; 不弯曲的

严格的; 死板的; 不变的

rigidity

[D.J.:rɪˈdʒɪdɪti:]

[K.K.:rɪˈdʒɪdɪti]

n.

坚硬;严格;刚直;死板

rigidly

[D.J.:ˈrɪd ʒɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈrɪd ʒɪdlɪ]

adv.

僵硬地;严厉地;严格地;固执地

牢牢地,紧紧地

rigid **

1. rigid
Laws, rules, or systems that are rigid cannot be changed or varied, and are therefore considered to be rather severe.

- Several colleges in our study have rigid rules about student conduct.

- Hospital routines for nurses are very rigid.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
≠ flexible

2. rigidity

- ...the rigidity of government policy.

N-UNCOUNT

3. rigidly

- The caste system was so rigidly enforced that non-Hindus were not even allowed inside a Hindu house.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

4. rigid
If you disapprove of someone because you think they are not willing to change their way of thinking or behaving, you can describe them as rigid .

- She was a fairly rigid person who had strong religious views.

- My father is very rigid in his thinking.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

5. rigid
A rigid substance or object is stiff and does not bend, stretch, or twist easily.

- ...rigid plastic containers...

- These plates are fairly rigid.

ADJ-GRADED

6. rigidity

- ...the strength and rigidity of glass.

N-UNCOUNT

7. rigid
If someone goes rigid , their body becomes very straight and stiff, usually as a result of shock or fear.

- I went rigid with shock.

- Andrew went rigid when he saw a dog, any dog, anywhere.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n

8. rigidly

- She stood rigidly and stared into the room.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

rigid

adjective

1.

strict

exact

fixed

inflexible

rigorous

set

stringent

unbending

uncompromising

2.

stiff

inflexible

unyielding

rigmarole

[D.J.:ˈrɪgməˌrəʊl]

[K.K.:ˈrɪɡməˌrol]

n.

繁琐的程序;费时的手续

冗长杂乱的讲述

rigmarole

rigmarole rigmaroles
You can describe a long and complicated process as a rigmarole .

- Then the whole rigmarole starts over again.

- I couldn't be bothered to go through the rigmarole of changing clothes.

N-COUNT: usu sing disapproval

rigmarole

noun

procedure

bother

carry-on informal chiefly Brit.

fuss

hassle informal

nonsense

palaver

pantomime informal

performance informal

rigor mortis

rigor mortis
In a dead body, when rigor mortis sets in, the joints and muscles become very stiff.
N-UNCOUNT

rigorous

[D.J.:ˈriɡərəs]

[K.K.:ˈrɪɡərəs]

adj.

严密的; 缜密的

严格的, 严厉的

rigorously

[D.J.:ˈrɪ gərəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈrɪɡərəslɪ]

adv.

严厉地;残酷地

rigorous **

1. rigorous
A test, system, or procedure that is rigorous is very thorough and strict.

- The selection process is based on rigorous tests of competence and experience.

- ...a rigorous system of blood analysis.

- ...rigorous military training.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. rigorously

- ...rigorously conducted research.

ADV-GRADED

3. rigorous
If someone is rigorous in the way that they do something, they are very careful and thorough.

- He is rigorous in his control of expenditure.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ in -ing/n

rigorous

adjective

strict

demanding

exacting

hard

harsh

inflexible

severe

stern

stringent

tough

rigour

[D.J.:ˈrɪgə]

[K.K.:ˈrɪɡɚ]

n.

严格,严厉;严谨,严密

严酷;艰苦

rigour *

1. rigour rigours
If you refer to the rigours of an activity or job, you mean the difficult, demanding, or unpleasant things that are associated with it.

- He found the rigours of the tour too demanding.

- ...the rigours of childbirth.

N-PLURAL: usu the N of n (AM) rigor

2. rigour
If something is done with rigour , it is done in a strict, thorough way.

- The new current affairs series promises to address challenging issues with freshness and rigour.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) rigor

rigour

noun

1.

strictness

harshness

inflexibility

rigidity

sternness

stringency

2.

hardship

ordeal

privation

suffering

trial

rile

[D.J.:raɪl]

[K.K.:raɪl]

vt. & vi.

惹恼;激怒

rile

1. rile riles riling riled
If something riles you, it makes you angry.

- Cancellations and late departures rarely rile him.

VB

2. riled

- He saw I was riled.

ADJ-GRADED

rile

verb

anger

aggravate informal

annoy

get or put one's back up

irk

irritate

Riley

Riley
If you say that someone is living the life of Riley , you mean that they have a very easy and comfortable life with few worries.
PHR: usu v PHR also Reilly

rim

[D.J.:rim]

[K.K.:rɪm]

n.

(圆形物体的)边, 缘

vt.

环绕(圆形或环形物的)边缘

rim *

1. rim rims
The rim of a container such as a cup or glass is the edge that goes all the way round the top.

- She looked at him over the rim of her glass.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. rim rims
The rim of a circular object is its outside edge.

- ...a round mirror with white metal rim.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. rim rims
If there is a rim of dirt around a surface there is a dirty mark around it.

- There was already a rim of dark hairs and soap round the basin.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

4. rim rims
In basketball, the rim is the metal ring that holds the net through which players have to try to throw the ball to score.
N-COUNT: usu the N

rim

noun

edge

border

brim

brink

lip

margin

verge

rimless

adj.

无边的

rimless

rimless
Rimless glasses are glasses which have no frame around the lenses or which have a frame only along the top of the lenses.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

rimmed

[rimd]

adj.

有边缘的,有框的

rimmed *

rimmed
If something is rimmed with a substance or colour, it has that substance or colour around its border.

- The plates and glassware were rimmed with gold.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ with n

-rimmed

-rimmed
-rimmed combines with nouns to form adjectives that describe something as having a border or frame made of a particular substance.

- ...horn-rimmed spectacles.

COMB in ADJ

rind

[D.J.:raɪnd]

[K.K.:raɪnd]

n.

(瓜、果等的)皮,外皮

(干酪等)外皮,硬皮

vt.

剥去…的皮

rind *

1. rind rinds
The rind of a fruit such as a lemon or orange is its thick outer skin.

- ...grated lemon rind.

N-VAR: usu with supp

2. rind rinds
The rind of cheese or bacon is the hard outer edge which you do not usually eat.

- Discard the bacon rind and cut each rasher in half.

N-VAR: usu with supp

rind

noun

skin

crust

husk

outer layer

peel

ring back ****

ring back rings back; ringing back; rang back; rung back
If you ring someone back , you phone them either because they phoned you earlier and you were not there or because you did not finish an earlier telephone conversation. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use call back )

- Tell her I'll ring back in a few minutes.

- If there's any problem I'll ring you back.

PHR-V: no passive

ring in ****

ring in rings in; ringing in; rang in; rung in
If you ring in , you phone a place, such as the place where you work. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use call in )

- Cecil wasn't there, having rung in to say he was taking the day off.

PHR-V

ring off ****

ring off rings off; ringing off; rang off; rung off
When you ring off , you put down the receiver at the end of a telephone call. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use hang up )

- She had rung off before he could press her for an answer.

PHR-V

ring out ****

ring out rings out; ringing out; rang out; rung out
If a sound rings out , it can be heard loudly and clearly.

- A single shot rang out.

PHR-V

ring round, ring around ****

ring round rings round; ringing round; rang round; rung round
If you ring round or ring around , you phone several people, usually when you are trying to organize something or to find some information. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use call around )

- She'd ring around and get back to me.

- She immediately started ringing round her friends and relatives.

PHR-V

ring binder

ring binder ring binders
A ring binder is a file with hard covers, which you can insert pages into. The pages are held in by metal rings on a bar attached to the inside of the file.
N-COUNT

ringer

[D.J.:ˈriŋə]

[K.K.:ˈrɪŋɚ]

n.

套环,投环

ringer

1. ringer
If you say that one person is a ringer or a dead ringer for another, you mean that they look exactly like each other. (INFORMAL)
PHR: usu v-link PHR for n

2. ringer ringers
A bell ringer is someone who rings church bells or hand bells as a hobby. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

ring-fence

ring-fence ring-fences ring-fencing ring-fenced
To ring-fence a grant or fund means to put restrictions on it, so that it can only be used for a particular purpose. (BRIT)

- The Treasury has now agreed to ring-fence the money to ensure that it goes directly towards helping elderly people.

- There should be ring-fenced funding for local crime prevention initiatives.

VB

ring finger

ring finger ring fingers
Your ring finger is the third finger of your left or right hand, without counting your thumb. In some countries, people wear a ring on this finger to show that they are engaged or married.
N-COUNT

ringleader

[D.J.:ˈrɪŋˌli:də]

[K.K.:ˈrɪŋˌlidɚ]

n.

(违法犯罪团伙的)头目,首恶,元凶

ringleader

ringleader ringleaders
The ringleaders in a quarrel, disturbance, or illegal activity are the people who started it and who cause most of the trouble.

- The soldiers were well informed about the ringleaders of the protest.

N-COUNT disapproval

ringlet

[D.J.:ˈrɪŋlɪt]

[K.K.:ˈrɪŋlɪt]

n.

发卷(尤指长发卷)

ringlet

ringlet ringlets
Ringlets are long curls of hair that hang down.
N-COUNT: usu pl

ringmaster

[D.J.:ˈrɪŋˌmæstə]

[K.K.:ˈrɪŋˌmæstɚ]

n.

马戏表演领班〔指挥〕

ringmaster

ringmaster ringmasters
A circus ringmaster is the person who introduces the performers and the animals.
N-COUNT

ring-pull

adj.

带易拉环的

ring-pull

ring-pull ring-pulls
A ring-pull is a metal strip that you pull off the top of a can of drink in order to open it. (BRIT; in AM use tab )
N-COUNT

ring road

ring road ring roads
A ring road is a road that goes round the edge of a town so that traffic does not have to go through the town centre. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use beltway )
N-COUNT

ringside

[D.J.:ˈrɪŋˌsaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈrɪŋˌsaɪd]

n.

马戏团,拳击场

ringside

1. ringside
The ringside is the area around the edge of a circus ring, boxing ring, or show jumping ring.

- Most of the top British trainers were at the ringside.

N-SING

2. ringside
If you have a ringside seat or a ringside view, you are close to an event and can see it clearly.

- I had a ringside seat for the whole performance.

ADJ: ADJ n

ringworm

[D.J.:ˈriŋwə:m]

[K.K.:ˈrɪŋˌwɚm]

n.

癣,癣菌病

ringworm

ringworm
Ringworm is a skin disease caused by a fungus. It produces itchy red patches on a person's or animal's skin, especially on their head and between their legs and toes. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

rink

[D.J.:rɪŋk]

[K.K.:rɪŋk]

n.

溜冰场

vi.

溜冰

rink *

rink rinks
A rink is a large area covered with ice where people go to ice-skate, or a large area of concrete where people go to roller-skate.

- The other skaters were ordered off the rink.

- ...outings to a skating rink.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

rinse

[D.J.:rins]

[K.K.:rɪns]

vt.

漂洗, 冲洗

用清水漂洗掉(肥皂泡等)

n.

漂洗, 冲洗

染发剂

rinsing

[ˈrinsiŋ]

n.

清水,残渣

rinse *

1. rinse rinses rinsing rinsed
When you rinse something, you wash it in clean water in order to remove dirt or soap from it.

- After shampooing, always rinse the hair several times in clear water.

- It's important to rinse the rice to remove the starch.

VB

2. rinse rinses
Also a noun.

- Clean skin means plenty of lather followed by a rinse with water.

N-COUNT

3. rinse rinses rinsing rinsed
If you rinse your mouth, you wash it by filling your mouth with water or with a liquid that kills germs, then spitting it out.

- Use a toothbrush on your tongue as well, and rinse your mouth frequently.

VB

4. rinse out; rinses out; rinsing out; rinsed out
Rinse out means the same as rinse .

- After her meal she invariably rinsed out her mouth.

- You should rinse your mouth out after eating.

PHR-V

5. rinse rinses
Also a noun.

- ...mouth rinses with fluoride.

N-MASS

6. rinse rinses
A hair rinse is a dye whose colour gradually disappears after you have washed your hair a number of times, rather than being permanent.
N-COUNT

rinse

verb

1.

wash

bathe

clean

cleanse

dip

splash

noun

2.

wash

bath

dip

splash

riot

[D.J.:ˈraiət]

[K.K.:ˈraɪət]

n.

暴乱, 骚乱

极度丰富

vi.

暴动, 闹事

rioter

[D.J.:ˈraɪətə]

[K.K.:ˈraɪətɚ]

n.

暴徒,暴民

喧闹者

rioting

[D.J.:ˈraɪətɪŋ]

[K.K.: ˈraɪətɪŋ]

n.

暴乱,骚乱

riot ***

1. riot riots
When there is a riot , a crowd of people behave violently in a public place, for example they fight, throw stones, or damage buildings and vehicles.

- Twelve inmates have been killed during a riot at the prison.

N-COUNT

2. riot riots rioting rioted
If people riot , they behave violently in a public place.

- Last year 600 inmates rioted, starting fires and building barricades.

- They rioted in protest against the government.

VB

3. rioter rioters

- The militia dispersed the rioters.

N-COUNT

4. rioting

- At least fifteen people are now known to have died in three days of rioting.

N-UNCOUNT

5. riot
If you say that there is a riot of something pleasant such as colour, you mean that there is a large amount of various types of it.

- All the cacti were in flower, so that the desert was a riot of colour.

- With Indian cuisine, you expect a riot of tastes and spices.

N-SING: a N of n approval

6. riot
If someone in authority reads you the riot act , they tell you that you will be punished unless you start behaving properly.

- I'm glad you read the riot act to Billy. He's still a kid and still needs to be told what to do.

PHR: V inflects

7. riot
If people run riot , they behave in a wild and uncontrolled manner.

- Rampaging prisoners ran riot through Strangeways jail.

PHR: V inflects

8. riot
If something such as your imagination runs riot , it is not limited or controlled, and produces ideas that are new or exciting, rather than sensible.

- She dressed strictly for comfort and economy, but let her imagination run riot with costume jewelry.

- We have no proof and when there is no proof, rumour runs riot.

PHR: V inflects

riot

noun

1.

disturbance

anarchy

confusion

disorder

lawlessness

strife

tumult

turbulence

turmoil

upheaval

2.

revelry

carousal

festivity

frolic

high jinks

merrymaking

3.

profusion

display

extravaganza

show

splash

run riot

4.

rampage

be out of control

go wild

grow profusely

spread like wildfire

verb

5.

rampage

go on the rampage

run riot

riot gear

riot gear
Riot gear is the special clothing and equipment worn by police officers or soldiers when they have to deal with a riot.
N-UNCOUNT

riotous

[D.J.:ˈraɪətəs]

[K.K.:ˈraɪətəs]

adj.

狂暴的,狂乱的,暴乱的,不受约束的

欢腾的,喧闹的

riotously

adv.

骚动地,暴乱地

riotous

1. riotous
If you say that someone has a riotous lifestyle, you mean that they frequently behave in a excessive and uncontrolled way, for example by eating or drinking too much. (FORMAL)

- ...aristocrats who wasted their inheritances in riotous living.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= wild

2. riotous
You can describe someone's behaviour or an event as riotous when it is noisy and lively in a rather wild way.

- The dinner was often a riotous affair enlivened by superbly witty speeches.

- ...a riotous exhibition of boogie-woogie piano playing.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. riotously

- ...a slapstick affair which I found riotously amusing.

ADV: ADV adj/-ed

4. riotous
You can describe things as riotous when they are very colourful or decorative rather than plain or simple.

- ...a riotous collection of gaudy and glamorous dresses.

ADJ: ADJ n

riotous

adjective

1.

unrestrained

boisterous

loud

noisy

uproarious

wild

2.

unruly

anarchic

disorderly

lawless

rebellious

rowdy

ungovernable

violent

riot police *

riot police
The riot police is the section of the police force that is trained to deal with people who cause trouble in public places.

- After about 10 minutes the riot police arrived.

N-SING-COLL

riot shield

riot shield riot shields
Riot shields are pieces of equipment made of transparent plastic which are used by the police to protect themselves against angry crowds.
N-COUNT: usu pl

rip

[D.J.:rip]

[K.K.:rɪp]

n.

裂口, 裂缝

vt. & vi.

扯破, 撕坏

ripped

[D.J.:ript]

[K.K.:rɪpt]

adj.

〈美俚〉喝醉的;受毒品麻醉的

ripping

[D.J.:ˈripiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrɪpɪŋ]

adj.

撕的,劈的,折的

adv.

极妙地,非凡地

rips

花水

rip **

1. rip rips ripping ripped
When something rips or when you rip it, you tear it forcefully with your hands or with a tool such as a knife.

- I felt the banner rip as we were pushed in opposite directions.

- I tried not to rip the paper as I unwrapped it.

V-ERG
= tear

2. rip rips
A rip is a long cut or split in something made of cloth or paper.

- Looking at the rip in her new dress, she flew into a rage.

N-COUNT
= tear

3. rip rips ripping ripped
If you rip something away, you remove it quickly and forcefully.

- He ripped away a wire that led to the alarm button.

- She ripped off her dress and let it fall to the floor.

- He ripped the phone from her hand.

VB
= tear

4. rip rips ripping ripped
If something rips into someone or something or rips through them, it enters that person or thing so quickly and forcefully that it often goes completely through them.

- A volley of bullets ripped into the facing wall.

- Their minibus was ripped apart by a bomb.

- The fire ripped through the living room.

- A violent streak of pain ripped through her whole body.

VB
= tear

5. rip
If you let rip , you do something forcefully and without trying to control yourself. (INFORMAL)

- Turn the guitars up full and let rip.

- `Yaaaaaaa,' Carla let rip with the cry of the Valkyries.

PHR: let inflects

6. rip
If you let something rip , you do it as quickly or as forcefully as possible. You can say ` let it rip ' or ` let her rip ' to someone when you want them to make a vehicle go as fast as it possibly can.

- The ecological disaster is partly a product of letting everything rip in order to increase production.

PHR: let inflects

rip

verb

1.

tear

burst

claw

cut

gash

lacerate

rend

slash

slit

split

noun

2.

tear

cut

gash

hole

laceration

rent

slash

slit

split

rip apart **

1. rip apart rips apart; ripping apart; ripped apart
If something rips people apart , it causes them to quarrel or fight so seriously that they can no longer be friends.

- He said that communal carnage was ripping the country apart.

- To have fought Paul on this would have risked ripping the family apart.

PHR-V
= tear apart

2. rip apart rips apart; ripping apart; ripped apart
If you rip someone apart or rip their opinion apart , you criticize them and say publicly that they are wrong, often by laughing at what they have said or done.

- The presenters and audience ripped her apart, enjoying a laugh at her expense.

- We are the only paper in Britain that has consistently ripped apart these shallow lies and half-truths.

PHR-V
= tear apart

rip into **

rip into rips into; ripping into; ripped into
If someone rips into you, they criticize you strongly. (INFORMAL)

- If they disputed his allegation, Paul would rip into them with every foul word you could imagine.

PHR-V
= lay into

rip off **

rip off rips off; ripping off; ripped off
If someone rips you off , they cheat you by charging you too much money for something or by selling you something that is broken or damaged. (INFORMAL)

- The Consumer Federation claims banks are ripping you off by not passing along savings on interest rates.

- Ticket touts ripped off soccer fans to the tune of £138,000 in the FA Cup Final.

PHR-V
See also rip-off .

rip off

verb Slang

swindle

cheat

con informal

defraud

fleece

rob

skin slang

rip up **

rip up rips up; ripping up; ripped up
If you rip something up , you tear it into small pieces.

- If we wrote I think he would rip up the letter.

- She took every photograph of me that was in our house and ripped it up.

PHR-V
= tear up

R.I.P.

abbr.

Rest In Peace 愿他[她]安息

R.I.P.

abbr.

Rest In Peace 愿他[她]安息

R.I.P.

R.I.P.
R.I.P. is written on gravestones and expresses the hope that the person buried there may rest in peace. R.I.P. is an abbreviation for the Latin expression `requiescat in pace' or `requiescant in pace'.
CONVENTION

ripcord

[D.J.:ˈripkɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈrɪpˌkɔrd]

n.

开伞索

ripcord

ripcord ripcords
A ripcord is the cord that you pull to open a parachute.
N-COUNT also rip cord .

ripe

[D.J.:raip]

[K.K.:raɪp]

adj.

成熟的

(准备、计划、时机)成熟的

ripeness

n.

成熟,老练

ripe **

1. ripe riper ripest
Ripe fruit or grain is fully grown and ready to eat.

- Always choose firm, but ripe fruit.

- ...fields of ripe wheat.

ADJ-GRADED

2. ripeness

- Test the figs for ripeness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. ripe riper ripest
If a situation is ripe for a particular development or event, you mean that development or event is likely to happen soon.

- A hospital consultant said conditions were ripe for an outbreak of cholera and typhoid.

- This society is ripe for change.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ for n/-ing

4. ripe
If someone lives to a ripe old age , they live until they are very old.

- He lived to the ripe old age of 95.

PHR: prep PHR

5. ripe
If something is ripe for picking or ripe for plucking , it will be very easy to obtain.

- Haig's message was that victory was ripe for picking.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

6. ripe
If you say the time is ripe , you mean that a suitable time has arrived for something to be done.

- He told reporters that he thought the time was ripe for a normalisation of relations.

- The British Foreign Office has decided the time is ripe to send its first female ambassador to the region.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR for n, PHR to-inf

ripe

adjective

1.

mature

mellow

ready

ripened

seasoned

2.

suitable

auspicious

favourable

ideal

opportune

right

timely

ripen

[D.J.:ˈraɪpən]

[K.K.:ˈraɪpən]

vt. & vi.

成熟, 使熟

ripening

熟成

ripen *

ripen ripens ripening ripened
When crops ripen or when the sun ripens them, they become ripe.

- I'm waiting for the apples to ripen.

- You can ripen the tomatoes on a sunny windowsill for a day or two.

- ...an abundance of sun ripened fruit.

V-ERG

ripen

verb

mature

burgeon

develop

grow ripe

season

rip-off

[D.J.:ˈrɪpˌɔ:f, -ˌɔf]

[K.K.:ˈrɪpˌɔf, -ˌɑf]

n.

偷窃

rip-off *

1. rip-off rip-offs
If you say that something that you bought was a rip-off , you mean that you were charged too much money or that it was of very poor quality. (INFORMAL)

- If he thinks £5.40 a day for parking at Luton Airport is a rip-off, he should try Heathrow.

N-COUNT

2. rip-off rip-offs
If you say that something is a rip-off of something else, you mean that it is a copy of that thing and has no original features of its own. (INFORMAL)

- In a rip-off of the hit movie Green Card, Billy marries one of his students so he can stay in the country.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

rip-off

noun

swindle

cheat

con informal

con trick informal

fraud

scam slang

theft

riposte

[D.J.:riˈpəust]

[K.K.:rɪˈpost]

n.

还刺,机敏回答

vi.

还刺,尖锐回答

riposte

1. riposte ripostes
A riposte is a quick, clever reply to something that someone has said. (WRITTEN)

- Laura glanced at Grace, expecting a cheeky riposte.

N-COUNT
= retort

2. riposte ripostes riposting riposted
If you riposte , you make a quick, clever response to something someone has said. (WRITTEN)

- `It's tough at the top,' he said. `It's tougher at the bottom,' riposted the billionaire.

VB
= retort

3. riposte ripostes
You can refer to an action as a riposte to something when it is a response to that thing. (JOURNALISM)

- The operation is being seen as a swift riposte to the killing of a senior army commander.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

riposte

noun

1.

retort

answer

comeback informal

rejoinder

reply

response

sally

verb

2.

retort

answer

come back

reply

respond

ripple

[D.J.:ˈripl]

[K.K.:ˈrɪpəl]

vt. & vi.

(使)泛起涟漪

vt.

在…上形成波痕

vi.

发出潺潺声

n.

涟漪

波痕

潺潺声

ripples

纹波

rippling

[ˈripliŋ]

adj.

起涟漪的,潺潺流水般声音的

ripple *

1. ripple ripples
Ripples are little waves on the surface of water caused by the wind or by something moving in or on the water.
N-COUNT

2. ripple ripples rippling rippled
When the surface of an area of water ripples or when something ripples it, a number of little waves appear on it.

- You throw a pebble in a pool and it ripples.

- I could see the dawn breeze rippling the shining water.

- ...the rippling deep blue water of the lake.

V-ERG

3. ripple ripples rippling rippled
When the wind ripples plants or trees or when they ripple , they move in a wave-like motion. (LITERARY)

- A slight wind rippled the crops in the valley.

- The tops of the trees rippled in the breeze.

V-ERG

4. ripple ripples rippling rippled
If something such as a feeling ripples over someone's body, it moves across it or through it. (LITERARY)

- A chill shiver rippled over his skin.

VB

5. ripple ripples
If an event causes ripples , its effects gradually spread, causing several other events to happen one after the other.

- The ripples of Europe's currency crisis continue to be felt in most of the ERM's member states.

- The problems of the auto industry have created economic ripples through the rest of the economy as well.

N-COUNT: usu pl, with supp

ripple effect

ripple effect ripple effects
If an event or action has a ripple effect , it causes several other events to happen one after the other.

- Delayed flights have a ripple effect. Just one late flight could be carrying passengers for a dozen connecting services.

N-COUNT
= knock-on effect

rip-roaring

[D.J.:ˈriprɔ:riŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrɪpˌrɔrɪŋ, -ˌror-]

adj.

吵闹的,喧嚷的

rip-roaring

rip-roaring
If you describe something as rip-roaring , you mean that it is very exciting and full of energy. (INFORMAL)

- ...a rip-roaring movie with a great array of special effects.

ADJ: ADJ n

riptide

[ˈriptaid]

n.

激流

riptide

riptide riptides
A riptide is an area of sea where two different currents meet or where the water is extremely deep. Riptides make the water very rough and dangerous.
N-COUNT also rip-tide .

rise

[D.J.:raiz]

[K.K.:raɪz]

vi.

升高, 上升; 上涨, 增高

站起来; 起床

起义; 反抗

n.

上升, 升起

增加, 增长

兴起; 发展

斜坡, 高岗

rise,　raise

上山

risen

[ˈrizn]

adj.

升起的

rising

[D.J.:ˈraɪzɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈraɪzɪŋ]

adj.

上升的;升起的

增大的;成长中的

adv.

(年龄)接近;<美><口>(数量)多于

n.

上升;隆起

起义;叛乱

起床;复活

rose

[D.J.:rəuz]

[K.K.:roz]

n.

玫瑰, 玫瑰花; 蔷薇

rise *****

1. rise rises rising rose risen
If something rises , it moves upwards.

- Wilson's ice-cold eyes watched the smoke rise from his cigarette.

- The powdery dust rose in a cloud around him.

VB

2. rise up rises up; rising up; rose up; risen up
Rise up means the same as rise .

- Spray rose up from the surface of the water.

- Black dense smoke rose up.

PHR-V

3. rise rises rising rose risen
When you rise , you stand up. (FORMAL)

- Luther rose slowly from the chair.

- He looked at Livy and Mark, who had risen to greet him.

VB

4. rise up rises up; rising up; rose up; risen up
Rise up means the same as rise .

- The only thing I wanted was to rise up from the table and leave this house.

PHR-V

5. rise rises rising rose risen
When you rise , you get out of bed. (FORMAL)

- Tony had risen early and gone to the cottage to work.

VB

6. rise rises rising rose risen
When the sun or moon rises , it appears in the sky.

- He wanted to be over the line of the ridge before the sun had risen.

VB
≠ set

7. rise rises rising rose risen
You can say that something rises when it appears as a large tall shape. (LITERARY)

- The building rose before him, tall and stately.

- The towers rise out of a concrete podium.

VB

8. rise up rises up; rising up; rose up; risen up
Rise up means the same as rise .

- The White Mountains rose up before me.

PHR-V

9. rise rises rising rose risen
If the level of something such as the water in a river rises , it becomes higher.

- The waters continue to rise as more than 1,000 people are evacuated.

- ...the tides rise and fall.

VB
≠ fall

10. rise rises rising rose risen
If land rises , it slopes upwards.

- He looked up the slope of land that rose from the house.

- The ground begins to rise some 20 yards away.

- The great house stood on rising ground.

VB
≠ fall

11. rise rises
A rise is an area of ground that slopes upwards.

- The pub itself was on a rise, commanding views across the countryside.

- I climbed to the top of a rise overlooking the ramparts.

N-COUNT: usu sing
= slope

12. rise rises rising rose risen
If an amount rises , it increases.

- Pre-tax profits rose from £842,000 to £1.82m.

- Tourist trips of all kinds in Britain rose by 10.5% between 1977 and 1987.

- Exports in June rose 1.5% to a record $30.91 billion.

- Investment levels have fallen, while the number of business failures has risen.

- The increase is needed to meet rising costs.

VB
≠ fall

13. rise rises
A rise in the amount of something is an increase in it.

- ...the prospect of another rise in interest rates...

- Foreign nationals have begun leaving because of a sharp rise in violence.

N-COUNT: N in n
= leap

14. rise rises
A rise is an increase in your wages or your salary. (BRIT; in AM use raise )

- He will get a pay rise of nearly £4,000.

N-COUNT
= increase

15. rise
The rise of a movement or activity is an increase in its popularity or influence.

- The rise of racism in America is a serious concern.

- ...the rise of home ownership.

N-SING: the N of n
= growth

16. rise rises rising rose risen
If the wind rises , it becomes stronger.

- The wind was still rising, approaching a force nine gale.

VB

17. rise up rises up; rising up; rose up; risen up
Rise up means the same as rise .

- Foxworth shivered as the wind rose up and roared through the beech trees.

PHR-V

18. rise rises rising rose risen
If a sound rises or if someone's voice rises , it becomes louder or higher.

- `Bernard?' Her voice rose hysterically.

- His voice rose almost to a scream.

VB

19. rise rises rising rose risen
If a sound rises from a group of people, it comes from them.

- There were low, muffled voices rising from the hallway.

VB

20. rise up rises up; rising up; rose up; risen up
Rise up means the same as rise .

- From the people, a cheer rose up.

PHR-V

21. rise rises rising rose risen
If an emotion rises in someone, they suddenly feel it very intensely so that it affects their behaviour.

- A tide of emotion rose and clouded his judgement.

- The thought made anger rise in him and he went into a bar and had a double whisky.

VB

22. rise rises rising rose risen
If your colour rises or if a blush rises in your cheeks, you turn red because you feel angry, embarrassed, or excited.

- Amy felt the colour rising in her cheeks at the thought.

VB

23. rise rises rising rose risen
When the people in a country rise , they try to defeat the government or army that is controlling them.

- The National Convention has promised armed support to any people who wish to rise against armed oppression.

VB
= rebel

24. rise up rises up; rising up; rose up; risen up
Rise up means the same as rise .

- He warned that if the government moved against him the people would rise up.

- A woman called on the population to rise up against the government.

PHR-V

25. rising risings

- ...popular risings against tyrannical rulers.

N-COUNT

26. rise rises rising rose risen
If someone rises to a higher position or status, they become more important, successful, or powerful.

- She is a strong woman who has risen to the top of a deeply sexist organisation.

- From an unlikely background he has risen rapidly through the ranks of government.

VB

27. rise up rises up; rising up; rose up; risen up
Rise up means the same as rise .

- I started with Hoover 26 years ago in sales and rose up through the ranks.

PHR-V

28. rise
The rise of someone is the process by which they become more important, successful, or powerful.

- Haig's rise was fuelled by an all-consuming sense of patriotic duty.

- The group celebrated the regime's rise to power in 1979.

N-SING: with poss
≠ fall

29. rise
If something gives rise to an event or situation, it causes that event or situation to happen.

- Low levels of choline in the body can give rise to high blood-pressure.

- The picture gave rise to speculation that the three were still alive and being held captive.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= provoke

risen

risen
Risen is the past participle of rise .

rose ***

1. rose
Rose is the past tense of rise .

2. rose roses
A rose is a flower, often with a pleasant smell, which grows on a bush with stems that have sharp points called thorns on them.

- She bent to pick a red rose.

- ...a bunch of yellow roses.

N-COUNT

3. rose roses
A rose is bush that roses grow on.

- Prune rambling roses when the flowers have faded.

- ...fragrant rose bushes.

N-COUNT

4. rose roses
Something that is rose is reddish-pink in colour.

- ...the rose and violet hues of a twilight sky.

COLOUR

5. rose roses
A rose is a device with very small holes in it that fits onto the end of a hosepipe or watering can. The water comes out of the rose in a fine spray so that you can water plants.
N-COUNT

6. rose
If you say that a situation is not a bed of roses , you mean that it is not as pleasant as it seems, and that there are some unpleasant aspects to it.

- We all knew that life was unlikely to be a bed of roses back in England.

PHR: v-link PHR, usu with brd-neg

7. rose
If you say that everything is coming up roses for someone, you mean that everything is going well for them.

- Earlier this year, everything was coming up roses for them. Their `Going Black Again' album was selling well, and their British tour was a virtual sell-out.

PHR: V inflects

rise

verb

1.

get up

arise

get to one's feet

stand up

2.

go up

ascend

climb

3.

advance

get on

progress

prosper

4.

get steeper

ascend

go uphill

slope upwards

5.

increase

go up

grow

intensify

mount

6.

rebel

mutiny

revolt

7.

originate

happen

issue

occur

spring

noun

8.

increase

upsurge

upswing

upturn

9.

advancement

climb

progress

promotion

10.

upward slope

ascent

elevation

incline

11.

pay increase

increment

raise U.S.

give rise to

12.

cause

bring about

effect

produce

result in

rise above *****

rise above rises above; rising above; rose above; risen above
If you rise above a difficulty or problem, you manage not to let it affect you.

- It tells the story of an aspiring young man's attempt to rise above the squalor of the street.

PHR-V

riser

[D.J.:ˈraizə]

[K.K.:ˈraɪzɚ]

n.

起床者,起义者,叛乱者

riser

1. riser risers
An early riser is someone who likes to get up early in the morning. A late riser is someone who likes to get up late.

- He was an early riser and he would be at the breakfast table at half past seven.

N-COUNT: supp N

2. riser risers
A riser is the flat vertical part of a step or a stair. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

risible

[D.J.:ˈrɪzəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈrɪzəbəl]

adj.

可笑的,滑稽的

risible

risible
If you describe something as risible , you mean that it is ridiculous and does not deserve to be taken seriously. (FORMAL)
ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= ludicrous

rising damp

rising damp
If a building has rising damp , moisture that has entered the bricks has moved upwards from the floor, causing damage to the walls. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

rising star

rising star rising stars
A rising star in a particular sport, art, or area of business is someone who is starting to do very well and who people think will soon be very successful. (JOURNALISM)

- Anna is a rising star in the world of modelling.

N-COUNT

risk

[D.J.:risk]

[K.K.:rɪsk]

n.

危险(性), 风险

引起危险的事物

vt.

冒险; 冒…险

risk ****

1. risk risks
If there is a risk of something unpleasant, there is a possibility that it will happen.

- There is a small risk of brain damage from the procedure.

- In all the confusion, there's a serious risk that the main issues will be forgotten.

- ...mentally disordered women who pose a serious risk to the public...

- I suppose people do it because there is that element of danger and risk.

- Obesity is a major risk factor in many diseases.

N-VAR: oft N of n, N that
= danger

2. risk risks
If something that you do is a risk , it might have unpleasant or undesirable results.

- You're taking a big risk showing this to Kravis.

- This was one risk that paid off.

N-COUNT

3. risk risks
If you say that something or someone is a risk , you mean they are likely to cause harm.

- It's being overfat that constitutes a health risk.

- The restaurant has been refurbished -- it was found to be a fire risk.

- He was not seen as a risk to national security.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. risk risks
If you are considered a good risk , a bank or shop thinks that it is safe to lend you money or let you have goods without paying for them at the time.

- Before providing the cash, they will have to decide whether you are a good or bad risk.

- If you are already considered a credit risk by a bank, a secured loan might be your only alternative.

N-COUNT: supp N

5. risk risks risking risked
If you risk something unpleasant, you do something which might result in that thing happening or affecting you.

- Those who fail to register risk severe penalties.

- Pregnant women who are heavy drinkers risk damaging the unborn foetus.

VB

6. risk risks risking risked
If you risk doing something, you do it, even though you know that it might have undesirable consequences.

- The skipper was not willing to risk taking his ship through the straits until he could see where he was going.

- At the top, I risked a glance back.

- Don't risk it. It isn't worth it.

VB

7. risk risks risking risked
If you risk your life or something else important, you behave in a way that might result in it being lost or harmed.

- She risked her own life to help a disabled woman.

- Why should he have risked all that to become an agent of a foreign power?

VB

8. risk
To be at risk means to be in a situation where something unpleasant might happen.

- Up to 25,000 jobs are still at risk.

- An estimated seven million people are at risk of starvation.

- If they have the virus they are putting patients at risk.

PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR of n

9. risk
If you do something at the risk of something unpleasant happening, you do it even though you know that the unpleasant thing might happen as a result.

- At the risk of being repetitive, I will say again that statistics are only a guide.

- Americans wanted to aid Britain even at the risk of war.

PHR: PHR n/-ing

10. risk
If you tell someone that they are doing something at their own risk , you are warning them that, if they are harmed, it will be their own responsibility.

- Those who wish to come here will do so at their own risk.

PHR: PHR after v

11. risk
If you run the risk of doing or experiencing something undesirable, you do something knowing that the undesirable thing might happen as a result.

- The officers had run the risk of being dismissed.

- I knew I was running a great many risks.

PHR: V and N inflect

risk

noun

1.

danger

chance

gamble

hazard

jeopardy

peril

pitfall

possibility

verb

2.

dare

chance

endanger

gamble

hazard

imperil

jeopardize

venture

risk management

risk management
Risk management is the skill or job of deciding what the risks are in a particular situation and taking action to prevent or reduce them.
N-UNCOUNT

risk-taking

adj.

冒风险的

risk-taking

risk-taking
Risk-taking means taking actions which might have unpleasant or undesirable results.

- ...a more entrepreneurial climate, with positive encouragement of risk-taking and innovation.

N-UNCOUNT

risky

[D.J.:ˈrɪski:]

[K.K.:ˈrɪski]

adj.

冒险的;危险的

risky **

risky riskier riskiest
If an activity or action is risky , it is dangerous or likely to fail.

- Investing in airlines is a very risky business.

- It's risky to assume that we know what voters will be thinking in a year's time.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

risky

adjective

dangerous

chancy informal

dicey informal chiefly Brit.

dodgy Brit. Austral. & N.Z. informal

hazardous

perilous

uncertain

unsafe

risotto

[D.J.:riˈsɔtəu]

[K.K.:rɪˈsɔto, -ˈsɑto, riˈzɔttɔ]

n.

意大利调味饭(肉汤加干酪等制成)

risotto

risotto risottos
Risotto is an Italian dish consisting of rice cooked with ingredients such as tomatoes, meat, or fish.
N-VAR

risqu´e

risqu´e
If you describe something as risqu´e , you mean that it is slightly rude because it refers to sex.

- But the risqu´e headlines don't necessarily reflect a new sexual libertinism in Britain.

ADJ-GRADED
= racy

risqu´e

adjective

suggestive

bawdy

blue

improper

indelicate

naughty

near the knuckle informal

racy

ribald

rissole

[D.J.:ˈrisəul]

[K.K.:rɪˈsol, ˈrɪsol, riˈsɔl]

n.

炸鱼肉丸

rissole

rissole rissoles
Rissoles are small balls of chopped meat or vegetables which are fried. (BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu pl

rite

[D.J.:raɪt]

[K.K.:raɪt]

n.

仪式;典礼

rite **

rite rites
A rite is a traditional ceremony that is carried out by a particular group or within a particular society.

- Most traditional societies have transition rites at puberty.

- ...a fertility rite.

N-COUNT
See also last rites .

rite

noun

ceremony

custom

observance

practice

procedure

ritual

ritual

[D.J.:ˈritʃuəl]

[K.K.:ˈrɪtʃuəl]

n.

(宗教等的)仪式

例行公事, 老规矩

adj.

作为仪式的一部分的

ritually

adv.

依据仪式上地,仪式上地

rituals

仪式

ritual **

1. ritual rituals
A ritual is a religious service or other ceremony which involves a series of actions performed in a fixed order.

- This is the most ancient, and holiest of the Shinto rituals.

- These ceremonies were already part of pre-Christian ritual in Mexico.

N-VAR

2. ritual
Ritual activities happen as part of a ritual or tradition.

- ...fastings and ritual dancing.

- ...an act of ritual suicide.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. ritually

- The statue was ritually bathed and purified.

ADV: ADV with v

4. ritual rituals
A ritual is a way of behaving or a series of actions which people regularly carry out in a particular situation, because it is their custom to do so.

- The whole Italian culture revolves around the ritual of eating.

- Cocktails at the Plaza was a nightly ritual of their sophisticated world.

N-VAR

5. ritual
You can describe something as a ritual action when it is done in exactly the same way whenever a particular situation occurs.

- I realized that here the conventions required me to make the ritual noises.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

ritual

noun

1.

ceremony

observance

rite

2.

custom

convention

habit

practice

procedure

protocol

routine

tradition

adjective

3.

ceremonial

conventional

customary

habitual

routine

ritualistic

[D.J.:ˌrɪtʃu:əˈlɪstɪk]

[K.K.:ˌrɪtʃuəˈlɪstɪk]

adj.

仪式的;固守仪式的

惯例的

ritualistic

1. ritualistic
Ritualistic actions or behaviour follow a similar pattern every time they are used.

- Each evening she bursts into her apartment with a ritualistic shout of `Honey I'm home!'

ADJ; usu ADJ n

2. ritualistic
Ritualistic acts are the fixed patterns of behaviour that form part of a religious service or ceremony.

- ...the meditative and ritualistic practices of Buddhism.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

ritualized

ritualized
Ritualized acts are carried out in a fixed, structured way rather than being natural.

- ...ritualized family gatherings intended to promote the myth of the happy family.

- ...highly ritualised courtship displays.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n (BRIT) also ritualised
≠ spontaneous

ritzy

[D.J.:ˈritsi]

[K.K.:ˈrɪtsi]

adj.

豪华的,时髦的,讲究的

ritzy

ritzy ritzier ritziest.
If you describe something as ritzy , you mean that it is fashionable or expensive. (INFORMAL)

- Palm Springs has a lot of ritzy restaurants and a lot of glitzy nightlife.

ADJ-GRADED
= fancy

ritzy

adjective

luxurious

de luxe

grand

high-class

luxury

plush informal

posh informal chiefly Brit.

sumptuous

swanky informal

rival

[D.J.:ˈraivəl]

[K.K.:ˈraɪvəl]

n.

竞争对手

vt.

与…竞争, 与…匹敌

rival ****

1. rival rivals
Your rival is a person, business, or organization who you are competing or fighting against in the same area or for the same things.

- The world champion finished more than two seconds ahead of his nearest rival.

- He eliminated his rivals in a brutal struggle for power.

- The police believe the fight was due to a dispute between rival teenage gangs.

N-COUNT

2. rival rivals
If you say that someone or something has no rivals or is without rival , you mean that it is best of its type.

- The area is famous for its wonderfully fragrant wine which has no rivals in the Rhone.

- He is a pastry chef without rival.

N-COUNT: with brd-neg

3. rival rivals rivalling rivalled
If you say that one thing rivals another, you mean that they are both of the same standard or quality.

- Cassette recorders cannot rival the sound quality of CDs.

- An epidemic to rival that which killed 26,000 in 1989 may hit the UK.

VB (AM) rivaling , rivaled

rival

noun

1.

opponent

adversary

competitor

contender

contestant

adjective

2.

competing

conflicting

opposing

verb

3.

equal

be a match for

come up to

compare with

compete

match

rivalry

[D.J.:ˈraivəlri]

[K.K.:ˈraɪvəlri]

n.

敌对, 竞争, 对抗

rivalry **

rivalry rivalries
Rivalry is competition or fighting between people, businesses, or organizations who are in the same area or want the same things.

- The rivalry between the Inkatha and the ANC has resulted in violence in the black townships.

- He had a lot of rivalry with his brothers and sisters.

- ...a city torn by deep ethnic rivalries.

N-VAR

rivalry

noun

competition

conflict

contention

contest

opposition

riven

[ˈrivən]

adj.

撕裂的, 分裂的, 硬给分开的

riven

riven
If a country or organization is riven by conflict, it is damaged or destroyed by violent disagreements.

- The four provinces are riven by deep family and tribal conflicts.

- The party was riven with factional fighting.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ by/with n
= torn apart

river

[D.J.:ˈrivə]

[K.K.:ˈrɪvɚ]

n.

河, 江

river ****

river rivers
A river is a large amount of fresh water flowing continuously in a long line across the land.

- ...a chemical works on the banks of the river.

- ...boating on the River Danube.

N-COUNT: oft in names before n

river

noun

1.

stream

brook

burn Scot.

creek

tributary

waterway

2.

flow

flood

rush

spate

torrent

river bank

river bank river banks
A river bank is the land along the edge of a river.
N-COUNT also riverbank .

river basin

river basin river basins
A river basin is the area of land from which all the water flows into a particular river.
N-COUNT

river bed

river bed river beds
A river bed is the ground which a river flows over.
N-COUNT also riverbed .

riverboat

[D.J.:ˈrivəbəut]

[K.K.:ˈrɪvɚˌbot]

n.

(拖轮、大型平底船、划船等的)内河船

riverboat

riverboat riverboats
A riverboat is a large boat that carries passengers along a river.
N-COUNT: also by N

riverfront

[D.J.:ˈrivəfrʌnt]

[K.K.:ˈrɪvɚˌfrʌnt]

n.

(城镇的)河边地区,河边陆地

riverfront

riverfront
The riverfront is an area of land next to a river with buildings such as houses, shops, or restaurants on it.
N-SING: the N, N n

riverside

[D.J.:ˈrɪvəˌsaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈrɪvɚˌsaɪd]

n.

河边;河畔

riverside *

riverside
The riverside is the area of land by the banks of a river.

- They walked back along the riverside.

N-SING: the N, N n

rivet

[D.J.:ˈrɪvɪt]

[K.K.:ˈrɪvɪt]

n.

铆钉

vt.

铆接;把…固定住

吸引, 引起某人的注意

riveted

用铆钉钉牢的;〈美俚〉结了婚的

riveting

[D.J.:ˈrɪvɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrɪvɪtɪŋ]

adj.

饶有趣味的,非常精彩的,引人入胜的

n.

铆接(法)

rivet *

1. rivet rivets riveting riveted
If you are riveted by something, it fascinates you and holds your interest completely.

- As a child I remember being riveted by my grandfather's appearance.

- He was riveted to the John Wayne movie.

- The scar on her face had immediately riveted their attention.

VB

2. rivet rivets
A rivet is a short metal pin with a flat head which is used to fasten flat pieces of metal together.
N-COUNT

riveting

riveting
If you describe something as riveting , you mean that it is extremely interesting and exciting, and that it holds your attention completely.

- I find snooker riveting though I don't play myself.

ADJ-GRADED

riveting

adjective

enthralling

absorbing

captivating

engrossing

fascinating

gripping

hypnotic

spellbinding

rivulet

[D.J.:ˈrɪvjəlɪt]

[K.K.:ˈrɪvjəlɪt]

n.

小河,小溪

rivulet

rivulet rivulets
A rivulet is a small stream. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

RM

abbr.

Royal Marines<英>皇家海军陆战队

RM

abbr.

Royal Marines〈英〉皇家海军陆战队

RM

RM
RM is written after someone's name to show that they are an officer of the Royal Marines, one of the units which make up the United Kingdom's armed forces.

- ...Captain Alastair Rogers, RM.

RN

abbr.

Royal Navy <英>皇家海军

RN

abbr.

Royal Navy 〈英〉皇家海军

RN

1. RN
RN is a written abbreviation for Royal Navy , the navy of the United Kingdom. It is written after someone's name to show that they are an officer of the Royal Navy. (BRIT)

- ...RN Museum, Portsmouth.

- ...Commander Richard Aylard RN.

2. RN
RN is an abbreviation for registered nurse . (AM)

- ...a pediatric nurse, Kathleen McAdam RN.

RNA

abbr.

Ribonucleic Acid核糖核酸

RNA

abbr.

Ribonucleic Acid核糖核酸

RNA *

RNA
RNA is an acid in the chromosomes of the cells of living things which plays an important part in passing information about protein structure between different cells. RNA is an abbreviation for `ribonucleic acid'. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

RNAS

RNAS
RNAS is a written abbreviation for Royal Naval Air Services , one of the units which make up the United Kingdom's armed forces.

roach

[D.J.:rəʊtʃ]

[K.K.:rotʃ]

n.

(生活在欧洲江河湖泊中的)拟鲤,斜齿鳊

<非正>大麻烟卷的烟蒂

sound as a roach

非常健壮

roach ***

1. roach roaches
A roach is the same as a cockroach . (mainly AM)

- He found his brother in a seedy, roach-infested apartment.

N-COUNT

2. roach roaches
A roach is a fish that lives in European rivers and lakes.
N-COUNT The form roach can be used as the plural

road

[D.J.:rəud]

[K.K.:rod]

n.

路, 道路, 公路

通路

vt.

在…设置路障

roads

[rəudz]

n.

锚地

road *****

1. road roads
A road is a long piece of hard ground which is built between two places so that people can drive or ride easily from one place to the other.

- There was very little traffic on the roads.

- We just go straight up the Bristol Road.

- He was coming down the road the same time as the girl was turning into the lane.

- Buses carry 30 per cent of those travelling by road.

- You mustn't lay all the blame for road accidents on young people.

N-COUNT: oft in names, also by N

2. road roads
The road to a particular result is the means of achieving it or the process of achieving it.

- We are bound to see some ups and downs along the road to recovery.

N-COUNT: usu sing, N to n

3. road
If you hit the road , you set out on a journey. (INFORMAL)

- I was relieved to get back in the car and hit the road again.

PHR: V inflects

4. road
If you are on the road , you are going on a long journey or a series of journeys by road.

- He still hoped someday to get a new truck and go back on the road.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

5. road
If you say that someone is on the road to something, you mean that they are likely to achieve it.

- The government took another step on the road to political reform.

- ...the stunning fashion pictures which launched unknown teenager Jane March on the road to stardom.

PHR: usu PHR after v, PHR to n
= on the way

road

noun

way

course

highway

lane

motorway

path

pathway

roadway

route

track

roadblock

[D.J.:ˈrəʊdˌblɔk]

[K.K.:ˈrodˌblɑk]

n.

路障

<美>障碍

roadblock *

roadblock roadblocks
When the police or the army put a roadblock across a road, they stop all the traffic going through, for example because they are looking for a criminal.

- In other parts of the city police set up roadblocks to check passing vehicles.

N-COUNT also road block .

roadhog

roadhog roadhogs
If you describe someone as a roadhog , you mean that they drive too fast or in a way which is dangerous to other people. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also road hog . disapproval

roadholding

n.

车辆在不同道路行驶的安定性能

roadholding

roadholding
A vehicle's roadholding is how easy it is to control safely in difficult driving conditions or when going round bends.
N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

roadhouse

[D.J.:ˈrəudhaus]

[K.K.:ˈrodˌhaʊs]

n.

(公路旁的)旅馆,客栈

roadhouse

roadhouse roadhouses
A roadhouse is a bar or restaurant on a road outside a city.
N-COUNT

roadie

[D.J.:ˈrəudi]

[K.K.:ˈrodi]

n.

巡回乐队管理员

roadie

roadie roadies
A roadie is a person who transports and sets up equipment for a pop band.
N-COUNT

road manager

road manager road managers
The road manager of someone such as a singer or sports player is the person who organizes their travel and other arrangements during a tour.
N-COUNT: oft poss N

road map

1. road map road maps
A road map is a map which shows the roads in a particular area in detail.
N-COUNT

2. road map road maps
A road map of something is a detailed account of it, often intended to help people use or understand it.

- The idea was to create a comprehensive road map of the Web.

N-COUNT

road pricing

road pricing
Road pricing is a system of making drivers pay money for driving on certain roads by electronically recording the movement of vehicles on those roads. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

road rage

road rage
Road rage is anger or violent behaviour caused by someone else's bad driving or the stress of being in heavy traffic.

- Two women were being hunted by police after a road rage attack on a male motorist.

- A Times reporter yesterday became another victim of road rage.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

roadshow *

1. roadshow roadshows
A roadshow is a travelling show organized by a radio station, magazine, or company.

- The BBC Radio 2 Roadshow will broadcast live from the exhibition.

N-COUNT: usu supp N also road show .

2. roadshow roadshows
A roadshow is a show presented by travelling actors. (AM)
N-COUNT also road show .

3. roadshow roadshows
A roadshow is a group of people who travel around a country, for example as part of an advertising or political campaign. (mainly AM)

- The Democratic Presidential ticket plans another road show, this time through the industrial Midwest.

N-COUNT also road show .

roadside

[D.J.:ˈrəʊdˌsaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈrodˌsaɪd]

n.

路边, 路旁

roadside *

roadside roadsides
The roadside is the area at the edge of a road.

- Bob was forced to leave the car at the roadside and run for help.

- Roadside cafes are now a big part of the catering industry.

N-COUNT: usu sing, the N, N n

roadster

[D.J.:ˈrəudstə]

[K.K.:ˈrodstɚ]

n.

跑车,流浪者

roadster

roadster roadsters
A roadster is a car with no roof and only two seats. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT
= sports car

road tax

road tax
In Britain, road tax is a tax paid every year by the owners of every motor vehicle which is being used on the roads.
N-UNCOUNT

roadway

[D.J.:ˈrəʊdˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈrodˌwe]

n.

路面，道路

车道

roadway

roadway roadways
The roadway is the part of a road that is used by traffic.

- Marks in the roadway seem to indicate that he skidded taking a sharp turn.

N-COUNT: oft the N in sing
= road

roadworks

[D.J.:ˈrəʊdˌwɜ:ks]

[K.K.:ˈrodˌwə..ks]

n.

道路施工

roadworks

roadworks
Roadworks are repairs or other work being done on a road.
N-PLURAL

roam

[D.J.:rəum]

[K.K.:rom]

vt. & vi.

随便走, 漫步, 漫游

roaming

漫游

roam *

roam roams roaming roamed
If you roam an area or roam around it, you wander or travel around it without having a particular purpose.

- Barefoot children roamed the streets.

- They're roaming around the country shooting at anything that moves.

- Farmers were encouraged to keep their livestock in pens rather than letting them roam freely.

VB
= wander

roam

verb

wander

prowl

ramble

range

rove

stray

travel

walk

roan

[D.J.:rəʊn]

[K.K.:ron]

n.

黑白杂色的马;棕白相间的马

adj.

沙毛的

roan

roan roans
A roan is a horse that is brown or black with some white hairs.
N-COUNT

roar

[D.J.:rɔ:]

[K.K.:rɔr, ror]

vi.

咆哮, 怒吼

大笑, 狂笑

大哭

vt.

大声喊出

n.

吼叫声; 咆哮声; 呼啸声

roaring

[D.J.:ˈrɔ:rɪŋ, ˈrəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈrɔrɪŋ, ˈror-]

n.

吼声；咆哮；怒号；轰鸣

adj.

怒吼的；咆哮的；轰鸣的

非常的

(火)旺的

兴旺的；兴隆的

do a roaring trade (in sth)

生意兴隆

a roaring success

极大的成功；轰动

adv.

非常；极其

roaring drunk

酩酊大醉；发酒疯

roar **

1. roar roars roaring roared
If something, usually a vehicle, roars somewhere, it goes there very fast, making a loud noise. (WRITTEN)

- A police car roared past.

- The plane roared down the runway for takeoff.

- Flames roared hundreds of feet into the air.

VB

2. roar roars roaring roared
If something roars , it makes a very loud noise. (WRITTEN)

- The engine roared, and the vehicle leapt forward.

- Her heart was pounding and the blood roared in her ears.

- ...the roaring waters of Niagara Falls.

VB

3. roar roars
Also a noun.

- ...the roar of traffic...

- Local residents saw it plunge towards Earth with a deafening roar.

N-COUNT: usu sing

4. roar roars roaring roared
If someone roars with laughter, they laugh in a very noisy way.

- Max threw back his head and roared with laughter.

VB

5. roar roars
Also a noun.

- There were roars of laughter as he stood up.

N-COUNT: N of n

6. roar roars roaring roared
If someone roars , they shout something in a very loud voice. (WRITTEN)

- `I'll kill you for that,' he roared.

- During the playing of the national anthem the crowd roared and whistled.

- The audience roared its approval.

VB

7. roar roars
Also a noun.

- There was a roar of approval.

N-COUNT

8. roar roars roaring roared
When a lion roars , it makes the loud sound that lions typically make.

- The lion roared once, and sprang.

VB

9. roar roars
Also a noun.

- ...the roar of lions in the distance.

N-COUNT

roaring *

1. roaring
A roaring fire has large flames and is sending out a lot of heat.
ADJ: ADJ n

2. roaring
If something is a roaring success, it is very successful indeed.

- The government's first effort to privatize a company has been a roaring success.

ADJ: ADJ n
= resounding

3. roaring
If someone does a roaring trade in a type of goods, they sell a lot of them.

- Salesmen of unofficial souvenirs have also been doing a roaring trade.

PHR: V inflects

roar

verb

1.

cry

bawl

bay

bellow

howl

shout

yell

2.

guffaw

hoot

laugh heartily

split one's sides informal

noun

3.

cry

bellow

howl

outcry

shout

yell

4.

guffaw

hoot

roast

[D.J.:rəust]

[K.K.:rost]

vt. & vi.

烤; 烘; 焙

vt.

嘲讽

n.

烤肉

adj.

烤好的, 烤制的

roasting

[D.J.:ˈrəʊstɪŋ]

adj.

用于烤炙〔烘焙〕的

燥热的;灼热的

n.

严厉批评;受到严厉批评

give sb/get a roasting

严厉批评；受到严厉批评

roast **

1. roast roasts roasting roasted
When you roast meat or other food, you cook it by dry heat in an oven or over a fire.

- I personally would rather roast a chicken whole.

VB

2. roast
Roast meat has been cooked by roasting.

- They serve the most delicious roast beef.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. roast roasts
A roast is a piece of meat that is cooked by roasting.

- Come into the kitchen. I've got to put the roast in.

N-COUNT

roasting

roasting
If someone gives you a roasting , they criticize you severely about something in a way that shows that they are very annoyed with you. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- A roasting from his old boss helped rescue his footballing career.

N-SING: usu a N

rob

[D.J.:rɔb]

[K.K.:rɑb]

vt.

抢夺, 抢劫, 掠夺

robbing

[ˈrɔbiŋ]

n.

回采[回收]矿柱

rob **

1. rob robs robbing robbed
If someone is robbed , they have money or property stolen from them.

- Mrs Yacoub was robbed of her £3,000 designer watch at her West London home.

- Police said Stefanovski had robbed a man just hours earlier.

VB

2. rob robs robbing robbed
If someone is robbed of something that they deserve, have, or need, it is taken away from them.

- When Miles Davis died last September, jazz was robbed of its most distinctive voice.

- I can't forgive Lewis for robbing me of an Olympic gold.

VB

rob

verb

steal from

burgle

cheat

con informal

defraud

deprive

dispossess

do out of informal

hold up

loot

mug informal

pillage

plunder

raid

robber

[D.J.:ˈrɔbə]

n.

抢劫者, 强盗, 盗贼

robber *

robber robbers
A robber is someone who steals money or property from a bank, a shop, or a vehicle, often by using force or threats.

- Armed robbers broke into a jeweller's through a hole in the wall.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

robber

noun

thief

bandit

brigand

burglar

cheat

con man informal

fraud

looter

mugger informal

plunderer

raider

robber baron

robber baron robber barons
If you refer to someone as a robber baron , you mean that they have made a very large amount of money and have been prepared to act illegally or in an immoral way in order to do so.

- ...the vast wealth accumulated by America's robber barons from industry and transport.

N-COUNT

robbery

[D.J.:ˈrɔbəri:]

[K.K.:ˈrɑbəri]

n.

抢劫案, 抢劫, 盗取

daylight robbery

明抢；敲竹杠；明目张胆地索取高价

robbery **

robbery robberies
Robbery is the crime of stealing money or property from a bank, shop, or vehicle, often by using force or threats.

- The gang members committed dozens of armed robberies over the past year.

- The man was serving a sentence for robbery with violence.

N-VAR: oft supp N

robbery

noun

theft

burglary

hold-up

larceny

mugging informal

pillage

plunder

raid

rip-off slang

stealing

stick-up slang chiefly U.S.

swindle

robe

[D.J.:rəub]

[K.K.:rob]

n.

礼服, 法衣

睡袍, 长袍

vt. & vi.

(使)穿上长袍(或浴衣等)

robe *

1. robe robes
A robe is a loose piece of clothing which covers all of your body and reaches the ground. You can describe someone as wearing a robe or as wearing robes . (FORMAL)

- Pope John Paul II knelt in his white robes before the simple altar.

- ...a fur-lined robe of green silk.

N-COUNT

2. robe robes
A robe is a piece of clothing, usually made of towelling, which people wear in the house, especially when they have just got up or had a bath.

- Ryle put on a robe and went down to the kitchen.

N-COUNT
= bathrobe

robe

noun

1.

gown

costume

habit

verb

2.

clothe

dress

garb

-robed

-robed
-robed combines with the names of colours to indicate that someone is wearing robes of a particular colour.

- ...a brown-robed monk.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

robin

[D.J.:ˈrɔbɪn]

[K.K.:ˈrɑbɪn]

n.

知更鸟；鸫

a round robin

(签名者不分先后，以避免受责的)圆形签名抗议书(或请愿书)

robin

1. robin robins
A robin is a small brown bird found in Europe. The male has an orangey-red neck and breast.
N-COUNT

2. robin robins
A robin is a brown bird found in North America. The male has a reddish-brown breast. North American robins are larger than European ones, and are a completely different species of bird.
N-COUNT

robot

[D.J.:ˈrəubɔt]

[K.K.:ˈrobət, -ˌbɑt]

n.

机器人

robot *

robot robots
A robot is a machine which is programmed to move and perform certain tasks automatically.

- ...very light-weight robots that we could send to the moon for planetary exploration.

N-COUNT

robot

noun

machine

android

automaton

mechanical man

robotic

1. robotic
Robotic equipment can perform certain tasks automatically.

- Astronaut Pierre Thuot tried to latch the 15-foot robotic arm onto the satellite.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. robotic
If you describe someone as robotic , you mean that they speak or move in a stiff and mechanical way like a robot.

- There is something a little robotic about him.

ADJ-GRADED dispproval

robotics

[D.J.:rəuˈbɔtiks]

[K.K.:roˈbɑtɪks]

n.

机器人技术

robotics

robotics
Robotics is the science of designing and building robots. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

robust

[D.J.:rəuˈbʌst]

[K.K.:roˈbʌst, ˈroˌbʌst]

adj.

强壮的; 健全的

robustly

adv.

要用体力地,粗鲁地

robustness

坚固性;健壮性

robust **

1. robust
Someone or something that is robust is very strong or healthy.

- More women than men go to the doctor. Perhaps men are more robust or worry less?.

- We've always specialised in making very robust, simply designed machinery.

ADJ-GRADED
= sturdy

2. robustly

- He became robustly healthy.

ADV-GRADED

3. robustness

- The robustness of diesel engines is another attractive quality.

N-UNCOUNT
= strength

4. robust
Robust views or opinions are strongly held and forcefully expressed.

- A British Foreign Office minister has made a robust defence of the agreement.

- He has the keen eye and robust approach needed.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. robustly

- In the decisions we have to make about Europe, we have to defend our position very robustly indeed.

ADV-GRADED

6. robustness

- ...a prominent industrialist renowned for the robustness of his right-wing views.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

robust

adjective

strong

fit

hale

hardy

healthy

muscular

powerful

stout

strapping

sturdy

tough

vigorous

rock

[D.J.:rɔk]

[K.K.:rɑk]

n.

岩石

岩块, 石块; 礁; 暗礁

石头, 石子

摇滚乐

vt. & vi.

(使)来回摆动

vt.

使震惊; 使受震动

rocking

[D.J.:ˈrɔkiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrɑkɪŋ]

adj.

摇摆的,摇动的

rock ****

1. rock
Rock is the hard substance which the Earth is made of.

- The hills above the valley are bare rock.

- A little way below the ridge was an outcrop of rock that made a rough shelter.

N-UNCOUNT

2. rock rocks
A rock is a large piece of rock that sticks up out of the ground or the sea, or that has broken away from a mountain or a cliff.

- She sat cross-legged on the rock.

- ...the sound of the sea crashing against the rocks...

- He and two friends were climbing a rock face when they heard cries for help.

N-COUNT

3. rock rocks
A rock is a piece of rock that is small enough for you to pick up.

- She bent down, picked up a rock and threw it into the trees.

N-COUNT
= stone

4. rock rocks rocking rocked
When something rocks or when you rock it, it moves slowly and regularly backwards and forwards or from side to side.

- His body rocked from side to side with the train.

- He stood a few moments, rocking back and forwards on his heels.

- She sat on the porch and rocked the baby.

V-ERG

5. rock rocks rocking rocked
If an explosion or an earthquake rocks a building or an area, it causes the building or area to shake. (JOURNALISM)

- Three people were injured yesterday when an explosion rocked one of Britain's best known film studios.

- ...a country that's rocked by dozens of earthquakes every year...

- As the buildings rocked under heavy shell-fire, he took refuge in the cellars.

V-ERG
= shake

6. rock rocks rocking rocked
If an event or a piece of news rocks a group or society, it shocks them or makes them feel less secure. (JOURNALISM)

- His death rocked the fashion business.

- ...the latest scandal to rock the monarchy...

- Wall Street was rocked by the news and shares fell 4.3 per cent by the end of trading.

VB
= shake

7. rock
Rock is loud music with a strong beat that is usually played and sung by a small group of people using instruments such as electric guitars and drums.

- He once told an interviewer that he didn't even like rock music.

- ...a rock concert.

- ...famous rock stars.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

8. rock
Rock is a sweet that is made in long, hard sticks and is often sold in towns by the sea in Britain.

- ...a stick of rock.

N-UNCOUNT

9. rock
If you are caught between a rock and a hard place , you are in a difficult situation where you have to choose between two equally unpleasant courses of action.
PHR: PHR after v

10. rock
If you have an alcoholic drink such as whisky on the rocks , you have it with ice cubes in it.

- I could do with a Scotch on the rocks.

PHR: usu n PHR
= with ice

11. rock
If something such as a marriage or a business is on the rocks , it is experiencing very severe difficulties and looks likely to end very soon.

- She confided to her mother six months ago that her marriage was on the rocks.

- Our film industry is on the rocks.

PHR: v-link PHR

rock

noun

stone

boulder

rock

verb

1.

sway

lurch

pitch

reel

roll

swing

toss

2.

shock

astonish

astound

shake

stagger

stun

surprise

rockabilly

[D.J.:ˈrɔkəbili]

[K.K.:ˈrɑkəˌbɪli]

n.

〈美〉山区乡村摇滚乐(起源于美国东南部)

rockabilly

rockabilly
Rockabilly is a kind of fast rock music which developed in the southern United States in the 1950s.
N-UNCOUNT

rock and roll *

rock and roll
Rock and roll is a kind of popular music developed in the 1950s which has a strong beat and is played on electrical instruments.

- ...Elvis Presley -- the King of Rock and Roll.

- ...the greatest rock 'n' roll band in the world.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also rock'n'roll .

rock bottom *

1. rock bottom
If something has reached rock bottom , it is at such a low level that it cannot go any lower.

- Morale in the armed forces was at rock bottom.

- Prices have hit rock bottom.

N-UNCOUNT also rock-bottom .

2. rock bottom
If someone has reached rock bottom , they are in such a bad state or are so completely depressed that their situation could not get any worse.

- She was at rock bottom. Her long-term love affair was breaking up and so was she.

N-UNCOUNT also rock-bottom .

3. rock bottom
A rock-bottom price or level is a very low one, mainly in advertisements.

- What they do offer is a good product at a rock-bottom price.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also rock-bottom . approval

rock climber

rock climber rock climbers
A rock climber is a person whose hobby or sport is climbing cliffs or large rocks.
N-COUNT

rock climbing

rock climbing
Rock climbing is the activity of climbing cliffs or large rocks, as a hobby or sport.
N-UNCOUNT also rock-climbing .

rocker

[D.J.:ˈrɔkə]

[K.K.:ˈrɑkɚ]

n.

(摇椅等底部)弯形摇臂

摇滚青年

rocker *

1. rocker rockers
A rocker is a chair that is built on two curved pieces of wood so that you can rock yourself backwards and forwards while you are sitting in it. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use rocking chair )

- Claire spent the morning in a wicker rocker on the screened porch with a book.

N-COUNT
= rocking chair

2. rocker rockers
A rocker is someone who performs rock music.

- ...American rockers Guns 'N' Roses.

N-COUNT

rockery

[D.J.:ˈrɔkəri]

[K.K.:ˈrɑkəri]

n.

假山,假山庭园

rockery

rockery rockeries
A rockery is a raised part of a garden which is built of rocks and soil, with small plants growing between the rocks.
N-COUNT

rocket

[D.J.:ˈrɔkit]

[K.K.:ˈrɑkɪt]

n.

火箭

斥责

vi.

飞快地移动

急速上升

rocket ***

1. rocket rockets
A rocket is a space vehicle that is shaped like a long tube.
N-COUNT
= spacecraft

2. rocket rockets
A rocket is a missile containing explosive that is powered by gas.

- There has been a renewed rocket attack on the capital.

N-COUNT: oft N n

3. rocket rockets
A rocket is a firework that quickly goes high into the air and then explodes.
N-COUNT

4. rocket rockets rocketing rocketed
If things such as prices or social problems rocket , they increase very quickly and suddenly. (JOURNALISM)

- Fresh food is so scarce that prices have rocketed.

- The nation has experienced four years of recession, rocketing crime and escalating social injustice.

VB
= soar

5. rocket rockets rocketing rocketed
If something such as a vehicle rockets somewhere, it moves there very quickly.

- A train rocketed by, shaking the walls of the row houses.

- Dublin has rocketed up the charts to become one of Europe's most popular tourist destinations for city breaks.

VB

rocket launcher

rocket launcher rocket launchers
A rocket launcher is a device that can be carried by soldiers and used for firing rockets.
N-COUNT

rocket science

1. rocket science
Rocket science is the study, design, and development of spacecraft.
N-UNCOUNT

2. rocket science
If you say that something is not rocket science , you mean that you do not have to be clever in order to do it.

- Interviewing politicians may not be rocket science, but it does matter.

N-UNCOUNT

rocket scientist

1. rocket scientist rocket scientists
A rocket scientist is someone whose job is to design and develop spacecraft.
N-COUNT

2. rocket scientist rocket scientists
If you say that you do not have to be a rocket scientist to do something, you mean that you do not have to be clever to do it.

- It doesn't take a rocket scientist to make a rock record.

N-COUNT: with brd-neg

rock garden *

rock garden rock gardens
A rock garden is a garden which consists of rocks with small plants growing among them.
N-COUNT

rock-hard

rock-hard
Something that is rock-hard is very hard indeed.

- During the dry season the land is rock hard.

ADJ also rock hard .
≠ soft

rocking chair

rocking chair rocking chairs
A rocking chair is a chair that is built on two curved pieces of wood so that you can rock yourself backwards and forwards when you are sitting in it.
N-COUNT

rocking horse

rocking horse rocking horses
A rocking-horse is a toy horse which a child can sit on and which can be made to rock backwards and forwards.
N-COUNT

rock-like

rock-like
Something that is rock-like is very strong or firm, and is unlikely to change.

- He affected fellow writers with his rock-like integrity.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

rock pool

rock pool rock pools
A rock pool is a small pool between rocks on the edge of the sea.
N-COUNT

rock salt

rock salt
Rock salt is salt that is formed in the ground. It is obtained by mining.
N-UNCOUNT

rock-solid

1. rock-solid
Something that is rock-solid is extremely hard.

- Freeze it only until firm but not rock solid.

ADJ also rock solid .

2. rock-solid
If you describe someone or something as rock-solid , you approve of them because they are extremely reliable or unlikely to change.

- Mayhew is a man of rock-solid integrity.

- I'll need rock solid proof.

- The firm is rock-solid financially.

- The pound was rock solid at 2.88 Deutschmarks.

ADJ also rock solid . approval

rock steady

rock steady
Something that is rock steady is very firm and does not shake or move about.

- He reached for a cigarette and lit it, fingers rock steady.

ADJ also rock-steady .

rocky

[D.J.:ˈrɔki:]

[K.K.:ˈrɑki]

adj.

多岩石的, 由岩石组成的

坚如磐石的, 坚硬的

摇摆的;摇晃的

rocky *

1. rocky
A rocky place is covered with rocks or consists of large areas of rock and has nothing growing on it.

- The paths are often very rocky so strong boots are advisable.

- ...a rocky headland.

ADJ-GRADED

2. rocky
A rocky situation or relationship is unstable and full of difficulties.

- They had gone through some rocky times together when Ann was first married.

- Their relationship had gotten off to a rocky start.

ADJ-GRADED

rocky

adjective

rough

craggy

rugged

stony

rocky

adjective

unstable

rickety

shaky

unsteady

wobbly

rococo

[D.J.:rəˈkəukəu]

[K.K.:rəˈkoko, ˌrokəˈko]

n.

洛可可

adj.

洛可可式的,过分修饰的

rococo

rococo
Rococo is a decorative style that was popular in Europe in the eighteenth century. Rococo buildings, furniture, and works of art often include complicated curly decoration.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

rod

[D.J.:rɔd]

[K.K.:rɑd]

n.

竿, 杆, 棒

rods

棒条体

rod **

rod rods
A rod is a long, thin metal or wooden bar.

- ...a 15-foot thick roof that was reinforced with steel rods.

N-COUNT
See also fishing rod , lightning rod .

rod

noun

stick

bar

baton

cane

pole

shaft

staff

wand

rodent

[D.J.:ˈrəʊdnt]

[K.K.:ˈrodn..t]

n.

<动>啮齿目动物

rodent *

rodent rodents
Rodents are small mammals which have sharp front teeth. Rats, mice, and squirrels are rodents.
N-COUNT

rodeo

[D.J.:ˈrəʊdi:ˌəʊ, rəʊˈdeɪəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈrodiˌo, roˈdeo]

n.

骑术表演, 放牧人竞技会

rodeo *

rodeo rodeos
In the United States, a rodeo is a public entertainment in which cowboys show different skills, including riding wild horses and catching cattle with ropes.
N-COUNT: usu sing

roe

[D.J.:rəʊ]

[K.K.:ro]

n.

獐,獐鹿

鱼卵,鱼子

鱼精液,鱼白

roe

roe roes
Roe is the eggs or sperm of a fish, which is eaten as food.

- ...smoked cod's roe.

N-VAR: oft supp N

roe deer

roe deer
A roe deer is a small deer which lives in woods in Europe and Asia.
N-COUNT roe deer is both the singular and the plural form

rogue

[D.J.:rəʊg]

[K.K.:roɡ]

n.

流氓；无赖

调皮捣蛋的人

离群的野兽

rogue *

1. rogue rogues
A rogue is a man who behaves in a dishonest or criminal way.

- Mr Ward wasn't a rogue at all.

N-COUNT

2. rogue rogues
If a man behaves in a way that you do not approve of but you still like him, you can refer to him as a rogue .

- ...Falstaff, the loveable rogue.

N-COUNT: oft adj N feelings

3. rogue
A rogue element is someone or something that behaves differently from others of its kind, often causing damage.

- Computer systems throughout the country are being affected by a series of mysterious rogue programmes, known as viruses.

- The rogue male is not a twentieth-century phenomenon.

ADJ: ADJ n

rogue

noun

scoundrel

blackguard

crook informal

fraud

rascal

scally Northwest English dialect

scamp

villain

rogues' gallery

1. rogues' gallery
A rogues' gallery is a collection of photographs of criminals that is kept by the police and used when they want to identify someone. (JOURNALISM)

- ...a Rogues' Gallery of juvenile crime gangs.

N-SING: oft N of n

2. rogues' gallery
You can refer to a group of people or things that you consider undesirable as a rogues' gallery . (JOURNALISM)

- He and others in the rogues gallery of international terrorists may be running out of time.

N-SING: oft N of n disapproval

roguish

[D.J.:ˈrəʊgɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈroɡɪʃ]

adj.

<褒>(人)调皮捣蛋的;顽皮的

无赖的，欺诈的：欺骗的；不道德的

roguishly

adv.

roguish

roguish
If someone has a roguish expression or manner, they look as though they are about to behave badly.

- She was a mature lady with dyed ginger hair and a roguish grin.

ADJ-GRADED

roil

[D.J.:rɔɪl]

[K.K.:rɔɪl]

vt.

搅混(液体)

使烦恼,使不安；使生气

roil

1. roil roils roiling roiled
If water roils , it is rough and disturbed. (mainly AM)

- The water roiled to his left as he climbed carefully at the edge of the waterfall.

VB
= churn

2. roil roils roiling roiled
Something that roils a state or situation makes it disturbed and confused.

- Times of national turmoil generally roil a country's financial markets.

VB

role

[D.J.:rəul]

[K.K.:rol]

n.

作用, 职责

角色

role *****

1. role roles
If you have a role in a situation or in society, you have a particular position and function in it.

- Until now scientists had very little clear evidence about the drug's role in preventing more serious effects of infection.

- Under Communist rule, the role of the monarchy was absolutely discredited.

- Both sides have roles to play.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N in/of/as n

2. role roles
A role is one of the characters that an actor or singer can play in a film, play, or opera.

- She has just landed the lead role in The Young Vic's latest production.

- Shakespearean women's roles were originally written to be played by men.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

role

noun

1.

job

capacity

duty

function

part

position

post

task

2.

part

character

portrayal

representation

role model *

role model role models
A role model is someone you admire and try to imitate.

- Five out of the ten top role models for British teenagers are black.

N-COUNT

role play *

1. role play role plays
Role play is the act of imitating the character and behaviour of someone who is different from yourself, for example as a training exercise.

- Group members have to communicate with each other, or with members of other groups, through role-play.

N-VAR also role-play .

2. role play role plays role playing role played
If people role play , they do a role play.

- Rehearse and role-play the interview with a friend beforehand.

VB also role-play .

3. role playing

- We did a lot of role playing.

N-UNCOUNT

role reversal

role reversal role reversals
Role reversal is a situation in which two people have chosen or been forced to exchange their duties and responsibilities, so that each is now doing what the other used to do.

- Calvin Smith has conducted studies into men who have undertaken the most extreme role reversal and become house-husbands.

N-VAR

roll

[D.J.:rəul]

[K.K.:rol]

vt. & vi.

(使)打滚, (使)转动, 滚动

卷, 把…卷成筒状

vt.

碾平

vi.

左右摇晃, 摇摆

发出隆隆声

开始工作

n.

一卷

面包卷, 圆面包

名册

打滚; 滚动

轰隆声

rolled

[rəuld]

adj.

包金箔的

rolling

[D.J.:ˈrəʊlɪŋ]

adj.

滚动的

(土地)延绵起伏的

摇摇晃晃的

极其有钱的

rolling in the aisles

捧腹大笑；笑得前仰后合

(be) rolling in it/money

非常富有；财源滚滚

a rolling stone (gathers no moss)

生活多变迁的人； 滚石不生苔， 转业不聚财( 形容人不停换工作和住处， 就不会有很多钱财或朋友，但可以无牵无挂)

rolls

辊碎机

roll ****

1. roll rolls rolling rolled
When something rolls or when you roll it, it moves along a surface, turning over many times.

- The ball rolled into the net.

- Their car went off the road and rolled over.

- I rolled a ball across the carpet.

- Roll the meat in coarsely ground black pepper to season it.

V-ERG

2. roll rolls rolling rolled
If you roll somewhere, you move on a surface while lying down, turning your body over and over, so that you are sometimes on your back, sometimes on your side, and sometimes on your front.

- When I was a little kid I rolled down a hill and broke my leg.

- They just rolled about on the floor punching each other like schoolboys.

- She rolled over and propped herself up on her elbows.

VB

3. roll rolls rolling rolled
When vehicles roll along, they move along slowly.

- The lorry quietly rolled forward and demolished all the old wooden fencing.

VB

4. roll rolls rolling rolled
If a machine rolls , it is operating.

- He slipped and fell on an airplane gangway as the cameras rolled.

- The newspaper presses are rolling in Pittsburgh again today.

VB

5. roll rolls rolling rolled
If drops of liquid roll down a surface, they move quickly down it.

- She looked at Ginny and tears rolled down her cheeks.

VB

6. roll rolls rolling rolled
If you roll something flexible into a cylinder or a ball, you form it into a cylinder or a ball by wrapping it several times around itself or by shaping it between your hands.

- He took off his sweater, rolled it into a pillow and lay down on the grass.

- He rolled and lit another cigarette.

VB

7. roll up rolls up; rolling up; rolled up
Roll up means the same as roll .

- Stein rolled up the paper bag with the money inside.

PHR-V

8. roll rolls
A roll of paper, plastic, cloth, or wire is a long piece of it that has been wrapped many times around itself or around a tube.

- The photographers had already shot a dozen rolls of film.

- ...a roll of blue insulated wire.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
See also toilet roll .

9. roll rolls rolling rolled
If you roll something such as a car window or a blind up, you cause it to move upwards by turning a handle. If you roll it down, you cause it to move downwards by turning a handle.

- In mid-afternoon, shopkeepers began to roll down their shutters.

- She rolled up the window and drove on.

- He rolled his window down and gave the man the money.

VB

10. roll rolls rolling rolled
If you roll your eyes or if your eyes roll , they move round and upwards. People sometimes roll their eyes when they are frightened, bored, or annoyed. (WRITTEN)

- People may roll their eyes and talk about overprotective, interfering grandmothers.

- His eyes rolled and he sobbed.

V-ERG

11. roll rolls
A roll is a small piece of bread that is round or long and is made to be eaten by one person. Rolls can be eaten plain, with butter, or with a filling.

- He sipped at his coffee and spread butter and marmalade on a roll.

N-COUNT

12. roll rolls
A roll of drums is a long, low, fairly loud sound made by drums.

- As the town clock struck two, they heard the roll of drums.

N-COUNT
See also drum roll .

13. roll rolls
A roll is an official list of people's names.

- Pro-democracy activists say a new electoral roll should be drawn up.

N-COUNT: with supp
= register

14. roll
If someone is on a roll , they are having great success which seems likely to continue. (INFORMAL)

- I made a name for myself and I was on a roll, I couldn't see anything going wrong.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

15. roll
If you say roll on something, you mean that you would like it to come soon, because you are looking forward to it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Roll on the day someone develops an effective vaccine against malaria.

PHR: PHR n feelings

16. roll
If something is several things rolled into one , it combines the main features or qualities of those things.

- Experts claimed that teachers had to be Einstein, Marie Curie and Linford Christie rolled into one to help children grasp the new national curriculum.

- This is our kitchen, sitting and dining room all rolled into one.

PHR: pl-n PHR, v-link PHR

roll up ****

1. roll up rolls up; rolling up; rolled up
If you roll up your sleeves or trouser legs, you fold the ends back several times, making them shorter.

- The jacket was too big for him so he rolled up the cuffs.

- Walking in the surf, she had to roll her pants up to her knees.

PHR-V
See also rolled-up .

2. roll up rolls up; rolling up; rolled up
If people roll up somewhere, they arrive there, especially in large numbers, to see something interesting.

- Roll up, roll up, come and join The Greatest Show on Earth.

- The first reporters rolled up to the laboratory within minutes.

PHR-V

rolling *

1. rolling
Rolling hills are small hills with gentle slopes that extend a long way into the distance.

- ...the rolling countryside of south western France.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. rolling
If someone has a rolling walk, they move from side to side as they walk.

- Burns is a big lad with a rolling gait.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. rolling
If you say that someone is rolling in it or is rolling in money , you mean that they are very rich. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects emphasis
= loaded

roll

verb

1.

turn

go round

revolve

rotate

spin

swivel

trundle

twirl

wheel

whirl

2.

wind

bind

enfold

envelop

furl

swathe

wrap

3.

flow

run

undulate

4.

level

even

flatten

press

smooth

5.

tumble

lurch

reel

rock

sway

toss

noun

6.

turn

cycle

reel

revolution

rotation

spin

twirl

wheel

whirl

7.

register

census

index

list

record

8.

rumble

boom

reverberation

roar

thunder

roll back ****

1. roll back rolls back; rolling back; rolled back
To roll back a change or the power of something means to gradually reduce it or end it.

- Last week he was performing strongly, winning applause with promises `to roll back the state'.

- Most major political reforms of the past five years would be rolled back.

PHR-V
See also rollback .

2. roll back rolls back; rolling back; rolled back
To roll back prices, taxes, or benefits means to reduce them. (mainly AM)

- One provision of the law was to roll back taxes to the 1975 level.

PHR-V

roll in, roll into ****

1. roll in rolls in; rolling in; rolled in
If something such as money is rolling in , it is appearing or being received in large quantities. (INFORMAL)

- Don't forget, I have always kept the money rolling in.

PHR-V: usu cont

2. roll in rolls in; rolling in; rolled in
If someone rolls into a place or rolls in , they arrive in a casual way and often late. (mainly BRIT)

- `I've made you late.' --- `No that's all right. I can roll in when I feel like it.'.

- The brothers usually roll into their studio around midday.

PHR-V

3. roll in rolls in; rolling in; rolled in
When you talk about tanks or troops rolling into a place, you mean that they move into that place in order to take control.

- More than 100 tanks rolled into eastern Croatia.

- A convoy of United Nations trucks rolled into Sarajevo today.

- M-60 tanks roll in.

PHR-V

rollback

[D.J.:ˈrəulbæk]

[K.K.:ˈrolˌbæk]

n.

反转,压价

rollback

rollback rollbacks
A rollback is a reduction in price or some other change that makes something like it was before. (mainly AM)

- Silber says the tax rollback would decimate basic services for the needy.

- The rollback of reform is already putting off private western investors.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

roll call

1. roll call roll calls
If you take a roll call , you check which of the members of a group are present by reading their names out.

- In the late winter we were compelled to stand in the snow every morning for roll call.

N-VAR also roll-call .

2. roll call
A roll call of a particular type of people or things is a list of them. (JOURNALISM)

- Her list of pupils read like a roll-call of the great and good.

N-SING: N of n also roll-call .

rolled-up *

1. rolled-up
Rolled-up objects have been folded or wrapped into a cylindrical shape.

- ...a rolled-up newspaper.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. rolled-up
Rolled-up sleeves or trouser legs have been made shorter by being folded over at the lower edge.

- He was wearing cotton pants and an open-necked shirt, with rolled-up sleeves.

ADJ: ADJ n

roller

[D.J.:ˈrəulə]

[K.K.:ˈrolɚ]

n.

滚压机; 滚杠, 滚柱

定型卷夹

巨浪

rollers

长涌群

roller **

1. roller rollers
A roller is a cylinder that turns round in a machine or device.
N-COUNT

2. roller rollers
Rollers are hollow tubes that women roll their hair round in order to make it curly.
N-COUNT
= curler

Rollerblade

1. Rollerblade Rollerblades
Rollerblades are a type of roller skates with a single line of wheels along the bottom. (TRADEMARK)
N-COUNT: usu plural

2. rollerblader rollerbladers

- ...a dedicated rollerblader.

N-COUNT

3. rollerblading

- Rollerblading is great for all ages.

N-UNCOUNT

roller-coaster *

1. roller-coaster roller-coasters
A roller-coaster is a small railway at a fair that goes up and down steep slopes fast and that people ride on for pleasure or excitement.

- It's great to go on the roller coaster five times and not be sick.

N-COUNT also roller coaster , rollercoaster .
= big dipper

2. roller-coaster roller-coasters
If you say that someone or something is on a roller coaster , you mean that they go through many sudden or extreme changes in a short time. (JOURNALISM)

- I've been on an emotional roller coaster since I've been here.

- Over the last few years Japan's socialists have seen their electoral popularity take a roller-coaster ride.

N-COUNT: usu sing also roller coaster , rollercoaster .

roller-skate

[ˈrəuləskeit]

vi.

用滚轮溜冰

roller-skate

1. roller-skate roller-skates
Roller-skates are shoes with four small wheels on the bottom.

- A boy of about ten came up on roller skates.

N-COUNT: usu pl also roller skate .

2. roller-skate roller-skates roller-skating roller-skated
If you roller-skate , you move over a flat surface wearing roller-skates.

- On the day of the accident, my son Gary was roller-skating outside our house.

VB also roller skate .

3. roller-skating

- The craze for roller skating spread throughout the U.S.

N-UNCOUNT

rollicking

[D.J.:ˈrɔlɪkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrɑlɪkɪŋ]

adj.

快活的,欢闹的,兴高采烈的,狂欢的

rollicking

1. rollicking
A rollicking occasion is cheerful and usually noisy. A rollicking book or film is entertaining and enjoyable, and not very serious.

- The fourth volume of Tony Benn's diaries is a rollicking read, like the others.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. rollicking
Also an adverb.

- I'm having a rollicking good time.

ADV: ADV adj

3. rollicking
If you give someone a rollicking , you tell them off in a very angry way. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- `The boss gave us a rollicking,' said McGoldrick.

N-SING: usu a N

rollicking

adjective

boisterous

carefree

devil-may-care

exuberant

hearty

jaunty

lively

playful

rolling mill

rolling mill rolling mills
A rolling mill is a machine or factory in which metal is rolled into sheets or bars.
N-COUNT

rolling pin

rolling pin rolling pins
A rolling pin is a cylinder that you roll backwards and forwards over uncooked pastry in order to make the pastry flat.
N-COUNT

rolling stock

rolling stock
Rolling stock is all the engines and carriages that are used on a railway.

- Many stations needed repairs or rebuilding and there was a shortage of rolling stock.

N-UNCOUNT

roll of honour

roll of honour
A roll of honour is a list of the names of people who are admired or respected for something they have done, such as doing very well in a sport or exam. (BRIT; in AM use honor roll )
N-SING

roll-on

[D.J.:ˈrəʊlˌɔn, -ˌɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈrolˌɑn, -ˌɔn]

adj.

滚搽式容器装的(除臭剂)

roll-on

roll-on roll-ons
A roll-on is a deodorant or cosmetic that you apply to your body using a container with a ball which turns round in the neck of the container.

- I use unperfumed roll-on deodorant.

N-COUNT: oft N n

roll-on roll-off

roll-on roll-off
A roll-on roll-off ship is designed so that cars and lorries can drive on at one end before the ship sails, and then drive off at the other end after the journey. (BRIT)

- ...roll-on roll-off ferries.

ADJ: ADJ n

rollover

[D.J.:ˈrəulˌəuvə]

[K.K.:ˈrolˌovɚ]

n.

转滚法(用旧债券购买新债券)

rollover

1. rollover rollovers
In a lottery draw, a rollover is a prize that includes the prize money from the previous draw, because nobody won it.
N-COUNT: usu singular

2. rollover rollovers
In finance, a rollover is when a loan or other financial arrangement is extended.
N-COUNT: usu singular

3. rollover rollovers
A rollover is an incident where a vehicle or boat turns over completely, usually finishing the right way up.

- It is hoped anti-lock brakes will prevent rollovers.

N-COUNT

roll-top desk

roll-top desk roll-top desks
A roll-top desk is a desk which has a wooden cover which can be pulled down over the writing surface when the desk is not being used.
N-COUNT also rolltop desk .

roll-up

n.

手工卷制的雪茄烟

roll-up

roll-up roll-ups
A roll-up is a cigarette that someone makes for themselves, using tobacco and cigarette papers.
N-COUNT

roly-poly

[D.J.:ˈrəuliˈpəuli]

[K.K.:ˌroliˈpoli]

n.

卷布丁

adj.

矮胖的

roly-poly

roly-poly
Roly-poly people are pleasantly fat and round. (INFORMAL)

- ...a short, roly-poly man with laughing eyes.

ADJ: ADJ n

roly-poly

adjective

plump

buxom

chubby

fat

podgy

rounded

tubby

ROM

[D.J.:rɔm,rəum]

[K.K.:rɑm, rom]

n.

只读存储器

ROM *

ROM
ROM is the permanent part of a computer's memory. The information stored there can be read but not changed. ROM is an abbreviation for `read-only memory'.
N-UNCOUNT
See also CD-ROM .

Roman

[D.J.:ˈrəʊmən]

[K.K.:ˈromən]

adj.

古罗马的,现代罗马的

罗马人的

罗马基督教会的;天主教的

n.

古罗马共和国或帝国的人

罗马市民

天主教教徒

Romans

[ˈrəumənz]

n.

《罗马书》（《圣经·新约》中的一卷）

Roman ***

1. Roman
Roman means related to or connected with ancient Rome and its empire.

- ...the fall of the Roman Empire.

- ...the third-century Roman historian Dio Cassius.

- ...the remains of a Roman fort.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Roman Romans
A Roman was a citizen of ancient Rome or its empire.

- When they conquered Britain, the Romans brought this custom with them.

N-COUNT

3. Roman
Roman means related to or connected with modern Rome.

- ...a Roman hotel room.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. Roman Romans
A Roman is someone who lives in or comes from Rome.

- ...soccer-mad Romans.

N-COUNT

5. Roman
Roman is the most common style of printing in books and magazines. It consists of upright letters. This dictionary is printed in roman.
N-UNCOUNT

Roman alphabet

Roman alphabet
The Roman alphabet is the alphabet that was used by the Romans in ancient times and that is used for writing most western European languages, including English.
N-SING: the N

Roman Catholic **

1. Roman Catholic
The Roman Catholic Church is the same as the Catholic Church.

- He had been ordained as a deacon in the Roman Catholic Church.

- ...a Roman Catholic priest.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= Catholic

2. Roman Catholic Roman Catholics
A Roman Catholic is the same as a Catholic .

- Like her, Maria was a Roman Catholic.

N-COUNT
= Catholic

Roman Catholicism

Roman Catholicism
Roman Catholicism is the same as Catholicism .
N-UNCOUNT

romance

[D.J.:rəuˈmæns]

[K.K.:roˈmæns, ˈroˌmæns]

n.

浪漫史, 风流韵事

爱情小说, 浪漫故事

romance **

1. romance romances
A romance is a relationship between two people who are in love with each other but who are not married to each other.

- After a whirlwind romance the couple announced their engagement in July.

- ...a holiday romance.

N-COUNT

2. romance
Romance refers to the actions and feelings of people who are in love, especially behaviour which is very caring or affectionate.

- He still finds time for romance by cooking candlelit dinners for his girlfriend.

- He takes a rather sceptical view of love and romance.

N-UNCOUNT

3. romance
You can refer to the pleasure and excitement of doing something new or exciting as romance .

- We want to recreate the romance and excitement that used to be part of rail journeys.

N-UNCOUNT

4. romance romances
A romance is a novel or film about a love affair.

- Her taste in fiction was for chunky historical romances.

N-COUNT

5. romance
Romance is used to refer to novels about love affairs.

- Since taking up writing romance in 1967 she has brought out over fifty books.

N-UNCOUNT

6. romance romances
A medieval romance is a story about adventures such as battles and long journeys.

- ...Arthurian Romances.

N-VAR

7. romance romances romancing romanced
When a man romances a woman, he has a love affair with her. (JOURNALISM)

- He has romanced some of the world's most eligible women.

VB

8. romance
Romance languages are languages such as French, Spanish, and Italian, which come from Latin. (TECHNICAL)
ADJ: ADJ n

romance

noun

1.

love affair

affair

amour

attachment

liaison

relationship

2.

excitement

charm

colour

fascination

glamour

mystery

3.

story

fairy tale

fantasy

legend

love story

melodrama

tale

Romanesque

[D.J.:ˌrəʊməˈnesk]

[K.K.:ˌroməˈnɛsk]

n.

罗马式建筑

adj.

罗马风格的

Romanesque

Romanesque
Romanesque architecture is in the style that was common in western Europe around the eleventh century. It is characterized by rounded arches and thick pillars.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

Romanian

[D.J.:rəʊˈmeɪni:ən, -ˈmeɪnjən]

[K.K.:roˈmeniən, -ˈmenjən]

n.

罗马尼亚人,罗马尼亚语

adj.

罗马尼亚的,罗马尼亚人的,罗马尼亚语的

Romanian ***

1. Romanian
Romanian means belonging or relating to Romania, or to its people, language, or culture.

- ...the Romanian capital, Bucharest.

- ...the Romanian people.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also Rumanian .

2. Romanian Romanians
A Romanian is a Romanian citizen, or a person of Romanian origin.
N-COUNT also Rumanian .

3. Romanian
Romanian is the language spoken in Romania.
N-UNCOUNT also Rumanian .

Roman numeral

Roman numeral Roman numerals
Roman numerals are the letters used by the ancient Romans to represent numbers, for example I, IV, VIII, and XL, which represent 1, 4, 8, and 40. Roman numerals are still sometimes used today.
N-COUNT: usu pl

romantic

[D.J.:rəuˈmæntik]

[K.K.:roˈmæntɪk]

adj.

多情的

富于浪漫色彩的, 充满传奇情调的

空想的, 不实际的

浪漫主义的

n.

富于浪漫气息的人

浪漫主义作家[画家等]

romantically

adv.

浪漫地

romantic ***

1. romantic
Someone who is romantic or does romantic things says and does things that make their wife, husband, girlfriend, or boyfriend feel special and loved.

- When we're together, all he talks about is business. I wish he were more romantic.

- They enjoyed a romantic dinner for two at one of their favourite restaurants.

ADJ-GRADED

2. romantically

- He lived with his pretty wife Helga -- his barge was romantically called after her.

ADV-GRADED

3. romantic
Romantic means connected with sexual love.

- ...his early romantic experiences...

- He was not interested in a romantic relationship with Ingrid.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. romantically

- We are not romantically involved.

ADV

5. romantic
A romantic play, film, or story describes or represents a love affair.

- It is a lovely romantic comedy, well worth seeing.

- ...romantic novels.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. romantic
If you say that someone has a romantic view or idea of something, you are critical of them because their view of it is unrealistic and they think that thing is better or more exciting than it really is.

- He has a romantic view of rural society.

- I don't have any romantic notions about having a baby. It's a really tough job.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= unrealistic

7. romantic romantics
A romantic is a person who has romantic views.

- You're a hopeless romantic.

N-COUNT
≠ realist

8. romantically

- They suffered from tuberculosis, then still romantically called consumption.

ADV-GRADED

9. romantic
Something that is romantic is beautiful in a way that strongly affects your feelings.

- Seacliff House is one of the most romantic ruins in Scotland.

- ...romantic images from travel brochures.

ADJ-GRADED

10. romantically

- ...the romantically named, but very muddy, Cave of the Wild Horses.

ADV-GRADED

11. romantic
Romantic means connected with the artistic movement of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries which was concerned with the expression of the individual's feelings and emotions.

- ...the poems and prose of the English romantic poets.

ADJ: ADJ n

romantic

adjective

1.

loving

amorous

fond

passionate

sentimental

tender

2.

idealistic

dreamy

impractical

starry-eyed

unrealistic

3.

exciting

colourful

fascinating

glamorous

mysterious

noun

4.

idealist

dreamer

sentimentalist

romanticism

[D.J.:rəʊˈmæntɪˌsɪzəm]

[K.K.:roˈmæntɪˌsɪzəm]

n.

浪漫的思想感情

romanticism *

1. romanticism
Romanticism is attitudes, ideals and feelings which are romantic rather than realistic.

- Her determined romanticism was worrying me.

- His poetry tended towards a dreamy romanticism.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ realism

2. romanticism
Romanticism is the artistic movement of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries which was concerned with the expression of the individual's feelings and emotions.
N-UNCOUNT

romanticize

[D.J.:rəʊˈmæntɪˌsaɪz]

[K.K.:roˈmæntɪˌsaɪz]

vt.

使浪漫化；使传奇化

夸张,以浪漫手法处理

vi.

沉醉于浪漫的幻想

romanticize

1. romanticize romanticizes romanticizing romanticized
If you romanticize someone or something, you think or talk about them in a way which is not at all realistic and which makes them seem better than they really are.

- He was forced to romanticize the past as he became increasingly disillusioned with his present.

VB (BRIT) also romanticise
= idealize

2. romanticized

- Mr. Lane's film takes a highly romanticized view of life on the streets.

ADJ-GRADED

Romany

[D.J.:ˈrɔməni]

[K.K.:ˈrɑməni, ˈromə-]

adj.

吉普赛人(语),吉普赛人的风俗习惯的

Romany

1. Romany Romanies
A Romany is the same as a gypsy . Many travelling people call themselves Romanies rather than gypsies.
N-COUNT

2. Romany
Romany means related or connected to the Romany people.

- ...the Romany community.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

Romeo

[D.J.:ˈrəumiəu]

[K.K.:ˈromiˌo]

n.

罗密欧(莎士比亚悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中的男主人公), 痴情男子, 玩弄女性的色情骗子

Romeo

Romeo Romeos
You can describe a man as a Romeo if you want to indicate that he is very much in love with a woman, or that he frequently has sexual relationships with different women. (JOURNALISM, INFORMAL, HUMOROUS)

- Asked if any other children were planned, the 54-year-old Romeo said: `Maybe, I dunno.'

- ...one of Hollywood's most notorious Romeos.

N-COUNT

romp

[D.J.:rɔmp]

[K.K.:rɑmp]

n.

无忧无虑, 快活

vi.

嬉笑玩闹

romp home/to victory

(尤指在赛跑或竞选等中)轻易获胜

romping

[ˈrɔmpiŋ]

adj.

嬉戏喧闹的,乱蹦乱闹的

romp *

1. romp romps romping romped
Journalists use romp in expressions like romp home , romp in , or romp to victory , to say that a person or horse has won a race or competition very easily.

- Mr Foster romped home with 141 votes.

VB

2. romp romps romping romped
When children or animals romp , they play noisily and happily.

- Dogs and little children romped happily in the garden.

VB

3. romp romps
If two people have a romp , they have sex in a light-hearted and very casual way.
N-COUNT

4. romp romps
Journalists describe a book, film, or play as a romp when it is funny, light-hearted, and full of action.

- ...a riveting, readable romp.

N-COUNT

romp

verb

1.

frolic

caper

cavort

frisk

gambol

have fun

sport

2.

win easily

walk it informal

win by a mile informal

win hands down

noun

3.

frolic

caper

lark informal

romp through *

romp through romps through; romping through; romped through
If you romp through something, you do it or deal with it quickly and easily.

- He had romped through the maze of questions with unexpected ease.

PHR-V

roof

[D.J.:ru:f]

[K.K.:ruf, rʊf]

n.

屋顶; 顶部

roof ***

1. roof roofs
The roof of a building is the covering on top of it that protects the people and things inside from the weather.

- ...a small stone cottage with a red slate roof...

- A pail stood in one corner of the room to catch the drips where the roof leaked.

N-COUNT

2. roof roofs
The roof of a car or other vehicle is the top part of it, which protects passengers or goods from the weather.

- The car rolled onto its roof, trapping him.

N-COUNT

3. roof roofs
The roof of your mouth is the highest part of the inside of your mouth.

- She clicked her tongue against the roof of her mouth.

N-COUNT: the N of n
= palate

4. roof roofs
The roof of an underground space such as a cave or mine is the highest part of it.

- The cave roof collapsed.

N-COUNT

5. roof
If the level of something such as the price of a product or the rate of inflation goes through the roof , it suddenly increases very rapidly indeed. (INFORMAL)

- Prices for Korean art have gone through the roof.

PHR: V inflects

6. roof
If you hit the roof or go through the roof , you become very angry indeed, and usually show your anger by shouting at someone. (INFORMAL)

- Sergeant Long will hit the roof when I tell him you've gone off.

PHR: V inflects
= go mad

7. roof
If you have a roof over your head , you have somewhere to live.

- I am just thankful that we have a roof over our heads.

PHR: head inflects

8. roof
If a group of people inside a building raise the roof , they make a very loud noise, for example by singing or shouting.

- The show featured Mrs Mac the cleaner, who raised the roof every time with her catchphrase: `Can I do you now, sir?'

PHR: V inflects

9. roof
If a number of things or people are under one roof or under the same roof , they are in the same building.

- The firms intend to open either together under one roof or alongside each other in shopping malls.

- While his relations with his mother were reasonably satisfactory, having her living under the same roof was a totally different matter!

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

10. roof
If something happens under your roof , it happens in your home.

- Lionel has forbidden her ever to mention that name again under his roof.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

roofed

[ru:ft]

adj.

有屋顶的,屋顶的

roofed

roofed
A roofed building or area is covered by a roof.

- ...a roofed corridor...

- Nowadays, only the two big houses remain roofed.

- ...a peasant hut roofed with branches.

ADJ

-roofed

-roofed
-roofed combines with adjectives and nouns to form adjectives that describe what kind of roof a building has.

- ...a huge flat-roofed concrete and glass building.

- ...tile-roofed farmhouses.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n

roofer

[D.J.:ˈru:fə]

[K.K.:ˈrufɚ, ˈrʊfɚ]

n.

盖屋顶的人,客人对主人道谢的函

roofer

roofer roofers
A roofer is a person whose job is to put roofs on buildings and to repair damaged roofs.
N-COUNT

roof garden

roof garden roof gardens
A roof garden is a garden on the flat roof of a building.
N-COUNT

roofing

[D.J.:ˈru:fiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrufɪŋ, ˈrʊfɪŋ]

n.

屋顶盖法

roofing

1. roofing
Roofing is material used for making or covering roofs.

- A gust of wind pried loose a section of sheet-metal roofing.

- Stone began to be used as a roofing material.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. roofing
Roofing is the work of putting new roofs on houses.

- ...a roofing company.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

roofless

[D.J.:ˈru:flis]

[K.K.:ˈruflɪs, ˈrʊf-]

adj.

无屋顶的,无家可归的

roofless

roofless
A roofless building has no roof, usually because the building has been damaged or has not been used for a long time.
ADJ

roof rack

roof rack roof racks
A roof rack is a metal frame that is fixed on top of a car and used for carrying large objects. (BRIT; in AM use luggage rack )
N-COUNT also roof-rack .

rooftop

[D.J.:ˈru:fˌtɔp, ˈrʊf-]

[K.K.:ˈrufˌtɑp, ˈrʊf-]

n.

屋顶

rooftop *

1. rooftop rooftops
A rooftop is the outside part of the roof of a building.

- Below us you could glimpse the rooftops of a few small villages.

N-COUNT also roof-top .

2. rooftop
If you shout something from the rooftops , you say it or announce it in a very public way.

- When we have something definite to say, we shall be shouting it from the rooftops.

PHR: PHR after v also roof-top .

rook

[D.J.:ruk]

[K.K.:rʊk]

n.

(象棋)车,赌棍,骗子

vt.

欺骗

rook

1. rook rooks
A rook is a large black bird. Rooks are members of the crow family.
N-COUNT

2. rook rooks
In chess, a rook is one of the chess pieces which stand in the corners of the board at the beginning of a game. Rooks can move forwards, backwards, or sideways, but not diagonally.
N-COUNT
= castle

rookie

[D.J.:ˈrʊki:]

[K.K.:ˈrʊki]

n.

新成员, 新手

rookie *

1. rookie rookies
A rookie is someone who has just started doing a job and does not have much experience, especially someone who has just joined the army or police force. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- I don't want to have another rookie to train.

- ...a rookie police officer.

N-COUNT: oft N n

2. rookie rookies
A rookie is a person who has been competing in a professional sport for less than a year. (AM)
N-COUNT: oft N n

room

[D.J.:ru:m]

[K.K.:rum, rʊm]

n.

房间; 室

空间, 地方

roomed

[ru(:)md]

adj.

有房间的

rooming

[D.J.:ˈru:miŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrumɪŋ, ˈrʊmɪŋ]

n.

房间出租

room *****

1. room rooms
A room is one of the separate sections or parts of the inside of a building. Rooms have their own walls, ceilings, floors, and doors, and are usually used for particular activities. You can refer to all the people who are in a room as the room .

- A minute later he excused himself and left the room.

- Downstairs are two small rooms: a kitchen and a sitting room.

- The largest conference room could seat 5,000 people.

- The whole room roared with laughter.

N-COUNT

2. room rooms
If you talk about your room , you are referring to the room that you alone use, especially your bedroom at home or your office at work.

- If you're running upstairs, go to my room and bring down my sweater, please.

N-COUNT: poss N

3. room rooms
A room is a bedroom in a hotel.

- Toni booked a room in an hotel not far from Arzfeld.

N-COUNT

4. room rooms rooming roomed
If you room with someone, you share a rented room, apartment, or house with them, for example when you are a student. (AM)

- I had roomed with him in New Haven when we were both at Yale Law School.

VB

5. room
If there is room somewhere, there is enough empty space there for people or things to be fitted in, or for people to move freely or do what they want to.

- There is usually room to accommodate up to 80 visitors.

- There wasn't enough room in the baggage compartment for all the gear.

- The old artist's studio is a brilliant place for a party with a high ceiling and plenty of room.

N-UNCOUNT
See also leg room , standing room .

6. room
If there is room for a particular kind of behaviour or action, people are able to behave in that way or to take that action.

- The intensity of the work left little room for personal grief or anxiety.

- Once the plaster was dry there was no room for correction.

- There's lots of room to express yourself creatively.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N for n

7. room
If you have room for manoeuvre , you have the opportunity to change your plans if it becomes necessary or desirable.

- With an election looming, he has little room for manoeuvre.

PHR: PHR after v, poss PHR, with PHR

room

noun

1.

chamber

apartment

office

2.

space

area

capacity

expanse

extent

leeway

margin

range

scope

3.

opportunity

chance

occasion

scope

-roomed

-roomed
-roomed combines with numbers to form adjectives which tell you how many rooms a house or flat contains.

- They found a little two-roomed flat to rent.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n

roomful

[D.J.:ˈru:mˌfʊl, ˈrʊm-]

[K.K.:ˈrumˌfʊl, ˈrʊm-]

n.

满房间;全房间的人

roomful

roomful roomfuls
A roomful of things or people is a room that is full of them. You can also refer to the amount or number of things or people that a room can contain as a roomful .

- It was like a teacher disciplining a roomful of second-year pupils.

- I accumulated a roomful of documents and tape recordings.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

rooming house

rooming house rooming houses
A rooming house is a building that is divided into small flats or single rooms which people rent to live in. (AM)
N-COUNT

roommate

[D.J.:ˈru:mˌmeɪt, ˈrʊm-]

[K.K.:ˈrumˌmet, ˈrʊm-]

n.

<英>室友,住在同室的人

<美>同住一屋(一套公寓等)的人

roommate

1. roommate roommates
Your roommate is the person you share a rented room, apartment, or house with, for example when you are at university. (AM)
N-COUNT also room-mate .

2. roommate roommates
Your roommate is the person you share a rented room with, for example when you are at university. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also room-mate .

room service

room service
Room service is a service in a hotel by which meals or drinks are provided for guests in their rooms.

- The hotel did not normally provide room service.

- Let's call room service, I need a bottle of wine.

N-UNCOUNT

roomily

adv.

广阔地,宽敞地

roominess

[ˈru:minis]

n.

广阔

roomy

[D.J.:ˈru:mi:, ˈrʊmi:]

[K.K.:ˈrumi, ˈrʊmi]

adj.

宽敞的,宽大的

roomily

adv.

roominess

n.

roomy

1. roomy roomier roomiest
If you describe a place as roomy , you mean that you like it because it is large inside and you can move around freely and comfortably.

- The car is roomy and a good choice for anyone who needs to carry equipment.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= spacious ≠ cramped

2. roomy roomier roomiest
If you describe a piece of clothing as roomy , you mean that you like it because it is large and fits loosely.

- ...roomy jackets.

ADJ-GRADED approval
≠ tight

roomy

adjective

spacious

ample

broad

capacious

commodious

extensive

generous

large

sizable or sizeable

wide

roost

[D.J.:ru:st]

[K.K.:rust]

n.

栖息处

vi.

栖息, 歇息

(your/the) chickens come home to roost

过去事情的恶果显现出来；自食恶果；得到报应

roost *

1. roost roosts
A roost is a place where birds or bats rest or sleep.
N-COUNT

2. roost roosts roosting roosted
When birds or bats roost somewhere, they rest or sleep there.

- The peacocks roost in nearby shrubs.

VB

3. roost
If bad or wrong things that someone has done in the past have come home to roost , or if their chickens have come home to roost , they are now experiencing the unpleasant effects of these actions.

- Appeasement has come home to roost.

- Politicians can fool some people some of the time, but in the end, the chickens will come home to roost.

PHR: come inflects

4. roost
If you say that someone rules the roost in a particular place, you mean that they have control and authority over the people there. (INFORMAL)

- Today the country's nationalists rule the roost and hand out the jobs.

PHR: V inflects

rooster

[D.J.:ˈru:stə]

[K.K.:ˈrustɚ]

n.

公鸡

rooster

rooster roosters
A rooster is an adult male chicken. (AM; in BRIT use cock )
N-COUNT

root

[D.J.:ru:t]

[K.K.:rut, rʊt]

n.

根, 根部

根源, 根基, 根本, 基础

祖籍, 原籍, 老家

vt. & vi.

(指植物)生根成长; 种植(植物)

vt.

使(某人)站立不动

使(某事物)深深扎根; 牢固地树立(某事物)

rooted

[D.J.:ˈru:tid]

adj.

固定不动的

rooted to the spot

(因为惧怕或吃惊而)钉在原地，呆若木鸡

rooting

[ˈru:tiŋ]

adj.

生根的

v.

使固定

roots

根

root ***

1. root roots
The roots of a plant are the parts of it that grow under the ground.

- ...the twisted roots of an apple tree.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. root roots rooting rooted
If you root a plant or cutting or if it roots , roots form on the bottom of its stem and it starts to grow.

- Most plants will root in about six to eight weeks.

- Root the cuttings in a heated propagator.

V-ERG

3. root
Root vegetables or root crops are grown for their roots which are large and can be eaten.

- ...root crops such as carrots and potatoes.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. root roots
The root of a hair or tooth is the part of it that is underneath the skin.

- ...decay around the roots of teeth.

- ...wax strips which remove hairs cleanly from the root.

N-COUNT

5. root roots
You can refer to the place or culture that a person or their family comes from as their roots .

- I am proud of my Brazilian roots.

- It's 21 years since she first moved to Britain from the Lebanon, but she hasn't forgotten her roots.

N-PLURAL: usu poss N
= origins

6. root
Roots is used to refer to pop music, especially reggae, that is strongly influenced by the traditional music of the culture that it originally came from.

- ...superb roots reggae by the likes of Little Roy and Wailing Souls.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

7. root roots
You can refer to the cause of a problem or of an unpleasant situation as the root of it or the roots of it.

- We got to the root of the problem.

- This lack of recognition was at the root of the dispute.

- His sense of guilt had its roots in his childhood loss of his younger sister.

- They were treating symptoms and not the root cause.

N-COUNT: usu the N of n

8. root roots
The root of a word is the part that contains its meaning and to which other parts can be added. (TECHNICAL)

- The word `secretary' comes from the same Latin root as the word `secret'.

N-COUNT

9. root roots rooting rooted
If you root through or in something, you search for something by moving other things around.

- She rooted through the bag, found what she wanted, and headed toward the door.

- Dogs root in the debris at the roadside.

VB
= rummage

10. root
If something has been completely changed or destroyed, you can say that it has been changed or destroyed root and branch . (WRITTEN)

- The forces of National Socialism were transforming Germany root and branch.

- Some prison practices are in need of root and branch reform.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n

11. root
If someone puts down roots , they make a place their home, for example by taking part in activities there or by making a lot of friends there.

- When they got to Montana, they put down roots and built a life.

PHR: V inflects
= settle down

12. root
If an idea, belief, or custom takes root , it becomes established among a group of people.

- Time would be needed for democracy to take root.

- Without a sensible sex education all kinds of strange and fantastic ideas will take root.

PHR: V inflects

rooted *

1. rooted
If you say that one thing is rooted in another, you mean that it is strongly influenced by it or has developed from it.

- The crisis is rooted in deep rivalries between the two groups.

- ...powerful songs rooted in traditional African music.

ADJ: v-link ADJ in n

2. rooted
If someone has deeply rooted opinions or feelings, they believe or feel something extremely strongly and are unlikely to change.

- Racism is a deeply rooted prejudice which has existed for thousands of years.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n, usu adv ADJ
See also deep-rooted .

3. rooted
If you are rooted to the spot , you are unable to move because you are very frightened or shocked.

- We just stopped there, rooted to the spot.

PHR

root

noun

1.

stem

rhizome

tuber

2.

source

base

bottom

cause

core

foundation

heart

nucleus

origin

seat

seed

roots

3.

sense of belonging

birthplace

cradle

family

heritage

home

origins

verb

4.

establish

anchor

fasten

fix

ground

implant

moor

set

stick

root

verb

dig

burrow

ferret

rooted

adjective

deep-seated

confirmed

deep

deeply felt

entrenched

established

firm

fixed

ingrained

root around ***

root around roots around; rooting around; rooted around
If you root around or root about in something, you look for something there, moving things around as you search.

- `It's in here somewhere,' he said, rooting about in his desk.

PHR-V (BRIT) also root about
= rummage

root for ***

root for roots for; rooting for; rooted for
If you are rooting for someone, you are giving them your support while they are doing something difficult or trying to defeat another person. (INFORMAL)

- Good luck, we'll be rooting for you.

- It's one of those movies in which you're forced to root for the villain.

PHR-V

root out ***

1. root out roots out; rooting out; rooted out
If you root out a person, you find them and force them from the place they are in, usually in order to punish them.

- The generals have to root out traitors.

- It shouldn't take too long to root him out.

PHR-V
= flush out

2. root out roots out; rooting out; rooted out
If you root out a problem or an unpleasant situation, you find out who or what is the cause of it and put an end to it.

- There would be a major drive to root out corruption.

- Any sort of wrong-doing had to be rooted out.

PHR-V

root out

verb

get rid of

abolish

do away with

eliminate

eradicate

exterminate

extirpate

remove

weed out

root beer

1. root beer
Root beer is a fizzy non-alcoholic drink flavoured with the roots of various plants and herbs. It is popular in the United States.
N-UNCOUNT

2. root beer root beers
A glass, can, or bottle of root beer can be referred to as a root beer .

- Kevin buys a root beer.

N-COUNT

root ginger

root ginger
Root ginger is the stem of the ginger plant. It is often used in Chinese and Indian cooking.
N-UNCOUNT

rootless

[D.J.:ˈru:tlis]

[K.K.:ˈrutlɪs, ˈrʊt-]

adj.

无根的,无根据的

rootless

1. rootless
If someone has no permanent home or job and is not settled in any community, you can describe them as rootless .

- These rootless young people have nowhere else to go.

- ...people who refused to integrate within society and instead lived rootless, jobless lives.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. rootlessness

- ...a social mobility that threatens to become rootlessness.

N-UNCOUNT

rope

[D.J.:rəup]

[K.K.:rop]

n.

粗绳, 绳索, 缆

一串

vt.

(用绳子)捆, 绑

ropes

[rəups]

n.

①栏索②〈非正〉规矩，习俗

roping

[ˈrəupiŋ]

n.

拉运

rope **

1. rope ropes
A rope is a thick cord or wire that is made by twisting together several thinner cords or wires. Ropes are used for jobs such as pulling cars, tying up boats, or tying things together.

- He tied the rope around his waist.

- ...a climbing rope.

- ...a piece of rope.

N-VAR

2. rope ropes roping roped
If you rope one thing to another, you tie the two things together with a rope.

- I roped myself to the chimney.

VB

3. rope ropes
The ropes refers to the fence made of rope that surrounds a boxing ring or a wrestling ring.

- He was knocked through the ropes by Tafer.

N-PLURAL: the N

4. rope
If you give someone enough rope to hang themselves, you give them the freedom to do a job in their own way because you hope that their attempts will fail and that they will look foolish.

- The King has merely given the politicians enough rope to hang themselves.

- If we give her enough rope, she will hang herself.

PHR: give inflects

5. rope
If you are learning the ropes , you are learning how a particular task or job is done. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects

6. rope
If you know the ropes , you know how a particular job or task should be done. (INFORMAL)

- The moment she got to know the ropes, there was no stopping her.

PHR: V inflects

7. rope
If you describe a payment as money for old rope , you are emphasizing that it is earned very easily, for very little effort. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
PHR: usu v-link PHR emphasis
= easy money

8. rope
If you say that someone is on the ropes , you mean that they are very near to giving up or being defeated.

- The army claims the rebels are on the ropes.

PHR: v-link PHR

9. rope
If you show someone the ropes , you show them how to do a particular job or task. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects

rope

noun

1.

cord

cable

hawser

line

strand

know the ropes

2.

be experienced

be an old hand

be knowledgeable

rope in **

rope in ropes in; roping in; roped in
If you say that you were roped in to do a particular task, you mean that someone persuaded you to help them do that task. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Visitors were roped in for potato picking and harvesting.

- I got roped in to help with the timekeeping.

PHR-V: usu passive

rope in

verb

persuade

engage

enlist

inveigle

involve

talk into

rope off **

rope off ropes off; roping off; roped off
If you rope off an area, you tie ropes between posts all around its edges so that people cannot enter it without permission.

- You should rope off a big field and sell tickets.

- ...a large roped-off area.

PHR-V

rope ladder

rope ladder rope ladders
A rope ladder is a ladder made of two long ropes connected by short pieces of rope, wood, or metal.
N-COUNT also rope-ladder .

ropey

[ˈrəupi]

adj.

破旧的;旧式的

ropey

ropey ropier ropiest
If you say that something is ropey , you mean that its quality is poor or unsatisfactory. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Your spelling's a bit ropey.

- Their health-care system suffers from queues, shortages and ropey equipment.

ADJ-GRADED
= poor

ropey ropy

adjective Informal

1.

inferior

deficient

inadequate

of poor quality

poor

substandard

2.

unwell

below par

off colour

under the weather informal

rosary

[D.J.:ˈrəʊzəri:]

[K.K.:ˈrozəri]

n.

<宗>玫瑰经

(天主教)念珠串;念珠(祈祷)

rosary

rosary rosaries
A rosary is a string of beads that members of certain religions, especially Catholics, use for counting prayers. A series of prayers counted in this way is also called a rosary .

- Estrada took a rosary from his tunic and ran the beads through the fingers of one hand.

- He's saying three rosaries a day.

N-COUNT

ros´e *

ros´e ros´es
Ros´e is wine which is pink in colour.

- The vast majority of wines produced in this area are reds or ros´es.

N-MASS

rosebud

[D.J.:ˈrəuzbʌd]

[K.K.:ˈrozˌbʌd]

n.

蔷薇花蕾,妙龄少女,〈美〉初入社交界的少女

rosebud

rosebud rosebuds
A rosebud is a young rose whose petals have not yet opened out fully.
N-COUNT

rose-coloured

rose-coloured
If you look at a person or situation through rose-coloured glasses or rose-tinted glasses , you see only their good points and therefore your view of them is unrealistic. In British English, you can also say that someone is looking through rose-coloured spectacles .

- Its influence can make you view life through rose-coloured glasses.

- People are looking at the past with rose-tinted spectacles.

PHR: usu PHR after v (AM) rose-colored

rosehip

rosehip rosehips
A rosehip is a bright red or orange fruit that grows on some kinds of rose bushes.
N-COUNT

rosemary

[D.J.:ˈrəʊzˌmeəri:]

[K.K.:ˈrozˌmɛri]

n.

<植>迷迭香

rosemary *

rosemary
Rosemary is a herb used in cooking. It comes from an evergreen plant with small narrow leaves. The plant is also called rosemary .
N-UNCOUNT

rosette

[D.J.:rəʊˈzet]

[K.K.:roˈzɛt]

n.

玫瑰形标志

石制品等上雕刻的玫瑰形花样

rosette *

1. rosette rosettes
A rosette is a large circular decoration made from coloured ribbons which is given as a prize in a competition, or, especially in Britain, is worn to show support for a political party or sports team.

- I saw her father with his rosette on, canvassing for the Conservatives.

- They have won over 100 rosettes together in dressage competitions up and down Britain.

N-COUNT

2. rosette rosettes
A rosette is a decoration or design that looks rather like a rose.

- ...intricately carved wood rosettes...

- Garnish the plate with whipped cream rosettes and fresh fruits.

N-COUNT

rosewater

[ˈrəuzˌwɔ:tə]

adj.

有玫瑰香水味的

rosewater

rosewater
Rosewater is a liquid which is made from roses and which has a pleasant smell. It is used as a perfume and in cooking.
N-UNCOUNT

rose window

rose window rose windows
A rose window is a large round stained glass window in a church.
N-COUNT

rosewood

[D.J.:ˈrəuzwud]

[K.K.:ˈrozˌwʊd]

n.

红木(指黑檀、紫檀等),澳洲蔷薇木

rosewood

rosewood
Rosewood is a hard dark-coloured wood that is used for making furniture. Rosewood comes from a species of tropical tree.

- ...a heavy rosewood desk.

N-UNCOUNT

roster

[D.J.:ˈrɔstə, ˈrɔ:stə]

[K.K.:ˈrɑstɚ, ˈrɔstɚ]

n.

花名册

roster *

1. roster rosters
A roster is a list which gives details of the order in which different people have to do a particular job.

- The next day he put himself first on the new roster for domestic chores.

- He was in his office, preparing his duty roster for the coming month.

N-COUNT
= rota

2. roster rosters
A roster is a list, especially of the people who work for a particular organization or are available to do a particular job. It can also be a list of the sports players who are available for a particular team, especially in American English.

- The Amateur Softball Association's roster of umpires has declined to 57,000.

- From the studio's roster of leading men, Robert Walker was an obvious choice to play the part.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n
= register

roster

noun

rota

agenda

catalogue

list

register

roll

schedule

table

rostra

[ˈrɔstrə]

n.

嘴,喙

rostrum

[D.J.:ˈrɔstrəm, ˈrɔ:strəm]

[K.K.:ˈrɑstrəm, ˈrɔstrəm]

n.

讲坛,演讲台

rostrum

rostrum rostrums or rostra
A rostrum is a raised platform on which someone stands when they are speaking to an audience, receiving a prize, or conducting an orchestra.

- As he stood on the winner's rostrum, he sang the words of the national anthem.

N-COUNT

rostrum

noun

stage

dais

platform

podium

stand

rosy

[D.J.:ˈrəʊzi:]

[K.K.:ˈrozi]

adj.

玫瑰色的, 肤色红润的

乐观的

愉快的;美好的

everything in the garden is rosy

一切都称心如意；事事顺遂

rosy *

1. rosy
If you say that someone has a rosy face, you mean that they have pink cheeks and look very healthy.

- Bethan's round, rosy face seemed hardly to have aged at all.

- She had bright, rosy cheeks.

ADJ

2. rosy
Something that is rosy is reddish-pink in colour.

- ...the rosy brick buildings.

ADJ

3. rosy rosier rosiest
If you say that a situation looks rosy or that the picture looks rosy , you mean that the situation seems likely to be good or successful.

- Little over a year ago, things looked very rosy for the Social Democrats.

- The job prospects for those graduating in engineering are far less rosy now than they used to be.

- Is the picture really so rosy?

ADJ-GRADED
= good

rosy

adjective

1.

pink

red

2.

glowing

blooming

healthy-looking

radiant

ruddy

3.

promising

auspicious

bright

cheerful

encouraging

favourable

hopeful

optimistic

rot

[rɔt]

n.

腐烂, 腐朽

vt. & vi.

(使)腐烂, (使)腐朽

rotting

[ˈrɔtiŋ]

n.

深蚀刻;沤麻

rot **

1. rot rots rotting rotted
When food, wood, or another substance rots , or when something rots it, it becomes softer and is gradually destroyed.

- If we don't unload it soon, the grain will start rotting in the silos.

- Sugary canned drinks rot your teeth.

- ...the smell of rotting fish.

V-ERG

2. rot
If there is rot in something, especially something that is made of wood, parts of it have decayed and fallen apart.

- Investigations had revealed extensive rot in the beams under the ground floor.

- Neither the timber frame nor metal chassis were protected against rot.

N-UNCOUNT

3. rot
You can use the rot to refer to the way something gradually gets worse. For example, if you are talking about the time when the rot set in, you are talking about the time when a situation began to get steadily worse and worse.

- In many schools, the rot is beginning to set in. Standards are falling all the time.

- The country's leaders are unwilling to take unpopular measures to stop the rot.

N-SING: the N

4. rot rots rotting rotted
If you say that someone is being left to rot in a particular place, especially in a prison, you mean that they are being left there and their physical and mental condition is being allowed to get worse and worse.

- Most governments simply leave the long-term jobless to rot on the dole.

VB

5. rot
If you say that what someone is saying is rot , you mean that they are saying things that are untrue or stupid. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- What a load of pompous, pseudo-intellectual rot.

- You do talk rot!

N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= nonsense rubbish

rot

verb

1.

decay

crumble

decompose

deteriorate

go bad

moulder

perish

putrefy

spoil

2.

deteriorate

decline

waste away

noun

3.

decay

blight

canker

corruption

decomposition

mould

putrefaction

4.

nonsense

claptrap informal

codswallop Brit. slang

drivel

garbage chiefly U.S.

hogwash

poppycock informal

rubbish

stuff and nonsense

trash

tripe informal

twaddle

rot away **

rot away rots away; rotting away; rotted away
When something rots away , it decays until it falls to pieces or none of it remains.

- The pillars rotted away and were replaced.

PHR-V
= decay

rota

[D.J.:ˈrəutə]

[K.K.:ˈrotə]

n.

值班表

rota

rota rotas
A rota is a list which gives details of the order in which different people have to do a particular job. (mainly BRIT)

- I suggest that you work out a careful rota which will make it clear who tidies the room on which day.

- ...the washing-up rota...

- The tea is prepared on a rota basis by the lady members.

N-COUNT
= roster

rotary

[D.J.:ˈrəutəri]

[K.K.:ˈrotəri]

adj.

旋转的, 转动的

rotary *

1. rotary
Rotary means turning or able to turn round a fixed point.

- ...turning linear into rotary motion.

- ...heavy-duty rotary blades.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. rotary
Rotary is used in the names of some machines that have parts that turn round a fixed point.

- ...a rotary engine.

ADJ: ADJ n

rotary

adjective Informal

revolving

rotating

spinning

turning

rotate

[D.J.:rəuˈteit]

[K.K.:ˈrotet]

vt. & vi.

(使某物)旋转[转动]

(使某人或某物)轮流[按顺序循环]

rotating

旋转的;旋转性的

rotate **

1. rotate rotates rotating rotated
When something rotates or when you rotate it, it turns with a circular movement.

- The Earth rotates round the sun.

- Take each foot in both your hands and rotate it to loosen and relax the ankle.

V-ERG

2. rotate rotates rotating rotated
If people or things rotate , or if someone rotates them, they take it in turns to do a particular job or serve a particular purpose.

- The members of the club can rotate and one person can do all the preparation for the evening.

- They will swap posts in a year's time, according to new party rules which rotate the leadership.

V-ERG

3. rotating

- Luxembourg will take the rotating presidency of the EC on January 1st.

ADJ: ADJ n

rotate

verb

1.

revolve

go round

gyrate

pivot

reel

spin

swivel

turn

wheel

2.

take turns

alternate

switch

rotation

[D.J.:rəʊˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:roˈteʃən]

n.

旋转;转动

轮流;轮换；<农>轮作

rotational

adj.

rotational

[rəuˈteiʃənəl]

adj.

转动的,轮流的

rotation *

1. rotation rotations
Rotation is circular movement. A rotation is the movement of something through one complete circle.

- ...the daily rotation of the earth upon its axis.

N-VAR

2. rotation
The rotation of a group of things or people is the fact of them taking turns to do a particular job or serve a particular purpose. If people do something in rotation , they take turns to do it.

- He grew a different crop on the same field five years in a row, what researchers call crop rotation.

- Once a month we met for the whole day, and in rotation each one led the group.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N

rotation

noun

1.

revolution

orbit

reel

spin

spinning

turn

turning

wheel

2.

sequence

alternation

cycle

succession

switching

rote

[D.J.:rəʊt]

[K.K.:rot]

n.

死记硬背

机械的作法;生搬硬套

rote

rote
Rote learning or learning by rote is learning things by repeating them without thinking about them or trying to understand them.

- He is very sceptical about the value of rote learning.

- You are merely reciting facts that you have learned by rote.

N-UNCOUNT: N n, by N

rotor

[D.J.:ˈrəʊtə]

[K.K.:ˈrotɚ]

n.

轮子, 旋转器

rotor *

rotor rotors
The rotors or rotor blades of a helicopter are the four long, flat, thin pieces of metal on top of it which go round and lift it off the ground.
N-COUNT

rotten

[D.J.:ˈrɔtən]

[K.K.:ˈrɑtn]

adj.

腐烂的; 腐朽的

道德败坏的

极坏的; 极讨厌的

rotten **

1. rotten
If food, wood, or another substance is rotten , it has decayed and can no longer be used.

- The smell outside this building is overwhelming -- like rotten eggs.

- The front bay window is rotten.

ADJ

2. rotten
If you describe something as rotten , you think it is very unpleasant or of very poor quality. (INFORMAL)

- I personally think it's a rotten idea.

- I had a pretty rotten day yesterday.

- What rotten luck!

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= terrible ≠ good

3. rotten
If you describe someone as rotten , you are insulting them or criticizing them because you think that they are very unpleasant or unkind. (INFORMAL)

- You rotten swine! How dare you?.

- That's a rotten thing to say!

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval
= horrible ≠ nice

4. rotten
If you feel rotten , you feel bad, either because you are ill or because you are sorry about something. (INFORMAL)

- I had glandular fever and spent that year feeling rotten.

- Suddenly, Sarah felt rotten about the whole thing.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= awful

5. rotten
You use rotten to emphasize your dislike for something or your anger or annoyance about it. (INFORMAL)

- She was a rotten coward.

- Keep your rotten mouth shut.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

rotten

adjective

1.

decaying

bad

corrupt

crumbling

decomposing

festering

mouldy

perished

putrescent

rank

sour

stinking

2.

corrupt

crooked informal

dishonest

dishonourable

immoral

perfidious

3.

despicable

base

contemptible

dirty

mean

nasty

4.

inferior

crummy slang

duff Brit. informal

inadequate

lousy slang

poor

substandard

unsatisfactory

rotten apple

rotten apple rotten apples
You can use rotten apple to talk about a person who is dishonest and therefore causes a lot of problems for the group or organization they belong to.

- Police corruption is not just a few rotten apples.

N-COUNT

rotter

[D.J.:ˈrɔtə]

[K.K.:ˈrɑtɚ]

n.

无赖

rotter

rotter rotters
If you call someone a rotter , you are criticizing them because you think that they have behaved in a very unkind or mean way. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

rotter

noun Informal

scoundrel

blackguard

bounder old-fashioned Brit. slang

cad Brit. informal

rat informal

Rottweiler

[ˈrɔtwailə]

n.

（德国种）罗特韦尔犬

Rottweiler

Rottweiler Rottweilers
A Rottweiler is a large black and brown breed of dog which is often used as a guard dog.
N-COUNT (BRIT) also rottweiler

rotund

[D.J.:rəʊˈtʌnd]

[K.K.:roˈtʌnd]

adj.

圆的;矮而胖的

洪亮的

夸张的

rotund

rotund
If someone is rotund , they are round and fat. (FORMAL)

- A rotund, smiling, red-faced gentleman appeared.

ADJ-GRADED
= fat ≠ slim

rotund

adjective

1.

round

globular

rounded

spherical

2.

plump

chubby

corpulent

fat

fleshy

podgy

portly

stout

tubby

rotunda

[D.J.:rəuˈtʌndə]

[K.K.:roˈtʌndə]

n.

圆形建筑,圆形大厅

rotunda

rotunda rotundas
A rotunda is a round building or room, especially one with a round bowl-shaped roof.

- ...the rotunda of the Hotel des Invalides in Paris.

N-COUNT

rouble

[ˈru:bl]

n.

卢布(俄罗斯等国的货币单位)

rouble **

rouble roubles
The rouble is the unit of money of Russia and some of the other republics that form the Commonwealth of Independent States.
N-COUNT: usu num N

rouge

[D.J.:ru:ʒ]

[K.K.:ruʒ]

n.

胭脂, 口红

rouge ***

1. rouge
Rouge is a red powder or cream which women and actors can put on their cheeks in order to give them more colour. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-UNCOUNT
= blusher

2. rouge rouges rouging rouged
If a woman or an actor rouges their cheeks or lips, they put red powder or cream on them to give them more colour.

- Florentine women rouged their earlobes.

- She had curly black hair and rouged cheeks.

VB

rough

[D.J.:rʌf]

[K.K.:rʌf]

adj.

粗糙的; 不平的

粗鲁的; 粗暴的; 粗野的; 剧烈的

粗制的; 粗略的; 概略的

(味道、声音等)令人不快的; 难吃的; 刺耳的

不舒服

vt.

过艰苦生活

rougher

[ˈrʌfə]

n.

粗轧机座

roughing

[ˈrʌfiŋ]

n.

粗磨,毛刻

roughly

[D.J.:ˈrʌflɪ]

adv.

粗略地;大体上;大致上

粗暴地;粗鲁地

粗乱地;随便地

roughness

[D.J.:ˈr ʌfnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈr ʌfnɪs]

n.

粗糙,崎岖不平

粗暴,粗野,粗鲁

(暴风雨的)猛烈;狂风大浪

粗糙的地方

rough ***

1. rough rougher roughest
If a surface is rough , it is uneven and not smooth.

- His hands were rough and calloused, from years of karate practice.

- Grace made her way slowly across the rough ground.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ smooth

2. roughness

- She rested her cheek against the roughness of his jacket.

N-UNCOUNT

3. rough rougher roughest
You say that people or their actions are rough when they use too much force and not enough care or gentleness.

- Rugby's a rough game at the best of times.

- They have complained of discrimination and occasional rough treatment.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ gentle

4. roughly

- A hand roughly pushed him aside.

ADV-GRADED

5. roughness

- He regretted his roughness.

N-UNCOUNT

6. rough rougher roughest
A rough area, city, school, or other place is unpleasant and dangerous because there is a lot of violence or crime there.

- It was quite a rough part of our town.

ADJ-GRADED

7. rough rougher roughest
If you say that someone has had a rough time, you mean that they have had some difficult or unpleasant experiences.

- All women have a rough time in our society.

- Tomorrow, he knew, would be a rough day.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= tough

8. rough rougher roughest
If you feel rough , you feel ill. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The virus won't go away and the lad is still feeling a bit rough.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= ill

9. rough rougher roughest
A rough calculation or guess is approximately correct, but not exact.

- We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required.

- As a rough guide, a horse needs 2.5 per cent of his body weight in food every day.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= approximate

10. roughly

- Gambling and tourism pay roughly half the entire state budget.

- The Ukraine is roughly equal to France in size and population.

- ...a period of very roughly 30 million years.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group
= approximately

11. rough rougher roughest
If you give someone a rough idea, description, or drawing of something, you indicate only the most important features, without much detail.

- I've got a rough idea of what he looks like.

- It often helps to make a rough sketch showing where the vehicles were.

ADJ-GRADED

12. roughly

- He knew roughly what was about to be said.

- Roughly speaking, a scientific humanist is somebody who believes in science and in humanity but not in God.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with cl/group, ADV after v

13. rough rougher roughest
You can say that something is rough when it is not neat and well made.

- The bench had a rough wooden table in front of it.

- ...chairs set in a rough circle in the middle of the room.

ADJ-GRADED

14. roughly

- Roughly chop the tomatoes and add them to the casserole.

- ...houses, roughly painted white or blue.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

15. rough rougher roughest
If the sea or the weather at sea is rough , the weather is windy or stormy and there are very big waves.

- A fishing vessel and a cargo ship collided in rough seas.

ADJ-GRADED
= choppy ≠ calm

16. rough
When people sleep or live rough , they sleep out of doors, usually because they have no home. (BRIT)

- It makes me so sad when I see young people begging or sleeping rough on the streets.

ADV: ADV after v

17. rough roughs roughing roughed
If you have to rough it, you have to live without the possessions and comforts that you normally have.

- You won't be roughing it; each room comes equipped with a telephone and a 3-channel radio.

VB

rough

adjective

1.

uneven

broken

bumpy

craggy

irregular

jagged

rocky

stony

2.

ungracious

blunt

brusque

coarse

impolite

rude

unceremonious

uncivil

uncouth

unmannerly

3.

approximate

estimated

general

imprecise

inexact

sketchy

vague

4.

stormy

choppy

squally

turbulent

wild

5.

nasty

cruel

hard

harsh

tough

unfeeling

unpleasant

violent

6.

basic

crude

imperfect

incomplete

rudimentary

sketchy

unfinished

unpolished

unrefined

7.

unpleasant

arduous

hard

tough

uncomfortable

verb

rough out

8.

outline

draft

plan

sketch

noun

9.

outline

draft

mock-up

preliminary sketch

rough out ***

rough out roughs out; roughing out; roughed out
If you rough out a drawing or an idea, you draw or write the main features of it before you do it in detail.

- Wood roughed out a possible framework for their story.

PHR-V
= sketch

rough up ***

rough up roughs up; roughing up; roughed up
If someone roughs you up , they attack you and hit or beat you. (INFORMAL)

- They threw him in a cell and roughed him up a bit.

- He was fired from his job after roughing up a colleague.

PHR-V
= beat up

roughage

[D.J.:ˈrʌfidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈrʌfɪdʒ]

n.

粗饲料,粗粮,粗糙的原料

roughage

roughage
Roughage consists of the tough parts of vegetables and grains that help you to digest your food and help your bowels to work properly.
N-UNCOUNT
= fibre

rough and ready

1. rough and ready
A rough and ready solution or method is one that is rather simple and not very exact because it has been thought of or done in a hurry.

- Here is a rough and ready measurement.

ADJ-GRADED also rough-and-ready .

2. rough and ready
A rough and ready person is not very polite or gentle.

- Soldiers are soldiers everywhere -- a bit rough and ready!

ADJ-GRADED also rough-and-ready .

rough and tumble

1. rough and tumble
You can use rough and tumble to refer to a situation in which the people involved try hard to get what they want, and do not worry about upsetting or harming others, and you think this is acceptable and normal.

- Many would maintain that all this is part of the rough-and-tumble of political combat.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n also rough-and-tumble .

2. rough and tumble
Rough and tumble is physical playing that involves noisy and slightly violent behaviour.

- He enjoys rough and tumble play.

N-UNCOUNT also rough-and-tumble .

roughen

[D.J.:ˈrʌfən]

[K.K.:ˈrʌfən]

vt. & vi.

(使)变得粗糙;(使)变得不平

roughened

毛面的,表面粗糙的

roughening

[ˈrʌfəniŋ]

n.

粗加工;粗糙法

roughen

roughen roughens roughening roughened
If something has been roughened , its surface has become less smooth.

- ...complexions that have been roughened by long periods in the hot sun...

- She lifted her big, roughened hands.

VB: usu passive

rough-hewn

[D.J.:ˌr ʌfˈhju:n]

[K.K.:ˌr ʌfˈhjun]

(rough-hew的过去分词)

adj.

粗削的;粗制的

粗野的;下流的

rough-hewn

rough-hewn
Rough-hewn wood or stone has been cut into a shape but has not yet been smoothed or finished off.

- It is a rough-hewn carving of a cat's head.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

roughneck

[D.J.:ˈrʌfˌnek]

[K.K.:ˈrʌfˌnɛk]

n.

粗鲁的人,无赖

roughneck

1. roughneck roughnecks
A roughneck is a man who operates an oil well. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

2. roughneck roughnecks
If you describe a man as a roughneck , you disapprove of him because you think he is not gentle or polite, and can be violent. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

roughshod

[D.J.:ˈrʌfʃɔd]

[K.K.:ˈrʌfˌʃɑd]

adj.

铁蹄上装有防滑钉的

roughshod

roughshod
If you say that someone is riding roughshod over a person or their views, you disapprove of them because they are using their power or authority to do what they want, completely ignoring that person's wishes.

- These laws allow the security forces to continue to ride roughshod over the human rights of the people.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

roulette

[D.J.:ru:ˈlet]

[K.K.:ruˈlɛt]

n.

轮盘赌

roulette

roulette
Roulette is a gambling game in which a ball is dropped onto a wheel with numbered holes in it while the wheel is spinning round. The players bet on which hole the ball will be in when the wheel stops spinning.
N-UNCOUNT
See also Russian roulette .

round

[D.J.:raund]

[K.K.:raʊnd]

adj.

圆形的, 球形的

滚圆的, 丰满的

用整数表示的, 取整数的, 整整的

adv.

绕圈子; 围绕地

在周围; 在附近

到各处

去某地点

到处, 各处, 逐一地, 挨个地

朝反方向

大约, 大概

prep.

(表示位置)在…四周, 围绕于…; 向[在]…各处, 遍及; 在…附近

(表示时间)从…的开始到结束; 在…整个期间

(表示方向)环绕, 围绕; 往[在]…的另一边, 绕过

(表示状态)团结在…周围, 跟随着

(表示论及)关于…的解决办法[途径]

n.

圆(片)形食物; 圆; 圆形物

一回合, 一局, 一场

一连串, 一系列, 一套, 一组; 一阵

巡视(路线); 巡回(路线)

vt. & vi.

(使)成圆形

绕行

rounded

[D.J.:ˈraʊndɪd]

[K.K.:ˈraʊndɪd]

adj.

成圆形的

rounder

[D.J.:ˈraundə]

[K.K.:ˈraʊndɚ]

n.

作圆的人;〈美〉浪子,酒鬼,举止放荡的挥霍者;〈英〉卫理公会牧师

rounding

[ˈraundiŋ]

n.

制圆,舍入,凑整

adj.

圆的,环绕的,凑整的

rounds

[raundz]

n.

①巡视②〈非正〉传播

round 1 preposition and adverb uses ****

( Round is an adverb and preposition that has the same meanings as `around'. Round is often used with verbs of movement, such as `walk' and `drive', and also in phrasal verbs such as `get round' and `hand round'. Round is commoner in British English than American English, and it is slightly more informal.)

1. round
To be positioned round a place or object means to surround it or be on all sides of it. To move round a place means to go along its edge, back to the point where you started.

- They were sitting round the kitchen table.

- The nightdress has handmade lace round the armholes and neckline.

- All round us was desert.

- I shivered and pulled my scarf more tightly round my neck.

- He tramped hurriedly round the lake towards the garden.

- ...cycling round and round the park.

PREP

2. round
Also an adverb.

- Visibility was good all round.

- The goldfish swam round and round in their tiny bowls.

ADV: ADV after v

3. round
If you move round a corner or obstacle, you move to the other side of it. If you look round a corner or obstacle, you look to see what is on the other side.

- Suddenly a car came round a corner on the opposite side.

- Stay on the left-hand pavement to follow a road downhill round a curve.

- One of his men tapped and looked round the door.

PREP

4. round
You use round to say that something happens in or relates to different parts of a place, or is near a place.

- He happens to own half the land round here.

- I think he has earned the respect of leaders all round the world.

- She's been on at me for weeks to show her round the stables.

- They need some way of getting round the country.

PREP

5. round
Also an adverb.

- Shirley found someone to show them round.

- So you're going to have a look round?

ADV: ADV after v, n ADV

6. round
If a wheel or object spins round , it turns on its axis.

- Holes can be worn remarkably quickly by a wheel going round at 60mph.

- Stars appeared everywhere, spinning round and round, faster and faster.

ADV: ADV after v

7. round
If you turn round , you turn so that you are facing or going in the opposite direction.

- She paused, but did not turn round.

- The end result was that the ship had to turn round, and go back to Djibouti.

- The wind veered round to the east.

- Tricia looked round in surprise.

ADV: ADV after v

8. round
If you move things round , you move them so they are in different places.

- He will be glad to refurnish where possible, change things round and redecorate.

- I've already moved things round a bit to make it easier for him.

ADV: ADV after v

9. round
If you hand or pass something round , it is passed from person to person in a group.

- John handed round the plate of sandwiches.

- ...as the whiskey bottle is passed round.

ADV: ADV after v

10. round
Also a preposition.

- They started handing the microphone out round the girls at the front.

- The word is passed round the industry if you think there's a troublesome driver.

PREP

11. round
If you go round to someone's house, you visit them.

- I think we should go round and tell Kevin to turn his music down.

- He came round with a bottle of champagne.

ADV: ADV after v

12. round
Also a preposition in non-standard English.

- I went round my wife's house.

PREP

13. round
You use round in informal expressions such as sit round or hang round when you are saying that someone is spending time in a place and is not doing anything very important. (BRIT)

- As we sat round chatting, I began to think I'd made a mistake.

- I was running round all hyped up.

ADV: ADV after v

14. round
Also a preposition.

- She would spend the day hanging round street corners.

- Leonard pottered round the greenhouse, tying up canes for the tomatoes.

PREP

15. round
If something is built or based round a particular idea, that idea is the basis for it.

- That was for a design built round an existing American engine.

- The core of the Festival's programme centres round performances of new and 20th century work.

PREP

16. round
If you get round a problem or difficulty, you find a way of dealing with it.

- Don't just immediately give up but think about ways round a problem.

- There are ways of getting round most things!

PREP

17. round
If you win someone round , or if they come round , they change their mind about something and start agreeing with you.

- He did his best to talk me round, but I wouldn't speak to him.

- The Chandler twins were coming round to the same opinion.

ADV: ADV after v

18. round
You use round in expressions such as this time round or to come round when you are describing something that has happened before or things that happen regularly.

- In the past, the elections have been marked by hundreds of murders, but this time round the violence has been much more limited.

- Of course, it isn't the same first time round.

- We were very keen when the 1954 Rally came round.

ADV: n ADV, ADV after v

19. round
You can use round to give the measurement of the outside of something that is shaped like a circle or a cylinder.

- I'm about two inches larger round the waist.

- ...forty-eight inches round the hips.

PREP

20. round
Also an adverb.

- It's six feet high and five feet round.

ADV

21. round
You use round in front of times or amounts to indicate that they are approximate.

- I go to bed round 11:00 at night.

ADV: ADV amount

22. round
In spoken English, round about means approximately. (mainly BRIT)

- Round about one and a half million people died.

- ...a system that was abolished round about 1902.

PHR-PREP

23. round
You say all round to emphasize that something affects all parts of a situation or all members of a group. (mainly BRIT)

- It ought to make life much easier all round.

- Nerves are frayed all round.

PHR: cl PHR emphasis

24. round
If you say that something is going round and round in your head, you mean that you can't stop thinking about it.

- It all keeps going round and round in my head till I don't know where I am.

PHR: V inflects

25. round
If something happens all year round , it happens throughout the year.

- Many of these plants are evergreen, so you can enjoy them all year round.

- It's a treat to be enjoyed all the year round.

PHR: PHR after v

round 2 noun uses ****

1. round rounds
A round of events is a series of related events, especially one which comes after or before a similar series of events.

- It was agreed that another round of preliminary talks would be held in Peking.

- This is the latest round of job cuts aimed at making the company more competitive.

- There will be more frequent rounds of inspection by our security personnel.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft N of n

2. round rounds
In sport, a round is a series of games in a competition. The winners of these games go on to play in the next round, and so on, until only one player or team is left.

- ...in the third round of the Pilkington Cup...

- After round three, two Americans share the lead.

N-COUNT: usu adj N, N num
= heat

3. round rounds
In a boxing or wrestling match, a round is one of the periods during which the boxers or wrestlers fight.

- He was declared the victor in the 11th round.

- Gibson's left eye is completely closed before the end of round one.

N-COUNT: usu adj N, N num

4. round rounds
A round of golf is one game, usually including 18 holes.

- ...two rounds of golf...

- Ronan Rafferty shot six birdies in a round of 67.

N-COUNT: usu N of n, N of num

5. round rounds
A round is a circular shape.

- ...small fresh rounds of goats' cheese...

- A cucumber was sliced into rounds.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

6. round rounds
A round of bread is a slice of bread. A round of sandwiches is a sandwich made from two slices of bread. (BRIT)

- ...four rounds of toast.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n

7. round rounds
If you do your rounds or your round , you make a series of visits to different places or people, for example as part of your job. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use route )

- The consultants still did their morning rounds.

- He got out of the car, and carried on with his paper round.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

8. round rounds
If you buy a round of drinks, you buy a drink for each member of the group of people that you are with.

- They sat on the clubhouse terrace, downing a round of drinks.

- I think it's my round.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

9. round rounds
A round of ammunition is the bullet or bullets released when a gun is fired.

- ...firing 1650 rounds of ammunition during a period of ten minutes.

- ...the use of live rounds of ammunition.

N-COUNT: usu num N, N of n

10. round rounds
If there is a round of applause, everyone hits their open hands together to welcome someone or to show that they have enjoyed something.

- Sue got a sympathetic round of applause.

N-COUNT: N of n

11. round rounds
In music, a round is a simple song sung by several people in which each person sings a different part of the song at the same time.
N-COUNT

12. round
If a story, idea, or joke is going the rounds or doing the rounds , a lot of people have heard it and are telling it to other people.

- This story was going the rounds 20 years ago.

PHR: V inflects

13. round
If you make the rounds or do the rounds , you visit a series of different places.

- After school, I had picked up Nick and Ted and made the rounds of the dry cleaner and the grocery store.

- We could do the rounds of the galleries.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR of n

round 3 adjective uses **

1. round rounder roundest
Something that is round is shaped like a circle or ball.

- She had small feet and hands and a flat, round face.

- ...the round church known as The New Temple.

- ...large round loaves dusted with flour.

ADJ-GRADED

2. round rounder roundest
If someone has round eyes, their eyes are open wide, for example because they are surprised, excited, or afraid.

- The boy sucked his thumb and stared at Hebburn with huge, round eyes.

ADJ-GRADED

3. round
A round number is a multiple of 10, 100, 1000, and so on. Round numbers are used instead of precise ones to give the general idea of a quantity or proportion.

- I asked how much silver could be bought for a million pounds, which seemed a suitably round number.

- The money goes into the team pool, which this summer, in round figures, has now reached £78,000.

ADJ: ADJ n

round 4 verb uses **

1. round rounds rounding rounded
If you round a place or obstacle, you move in a curve past the edge or corner of it.

- The house disappeared from sight as we rounded a corner.

- After rounding Cape Finisterre the boats ride the north-easterly trades.

VB
= go round

2. round rounds rounding rounded
If you round an amount up or down, or if you round it off, you change it to the nearest whole number or nearest multiple of 10, 100, 1000 and so on.

- We needed to do decimals to round up and round down numbers.

- The fraction was then multiplied by 100 and rounded to the nearest half or whole number.

- I'll round it off to about £30.

VB

rounded *

1. rounded
Something that is rounded is curved in shape, without any points or sharp edges.

- ...a low rounded hill...

- The barge had a rounded bow and stern.

ADJ-GRADED
= curved ≠ pointed

2. rounded
You describe something or someone as rounded or well-rounded when you are expressing approval of them because they have a personality which is fully developed in all aspects.

- ...his carefully organised narrative, full of rounded, believable and interesting characters.

- ...a well-rounded, well-educated and highly intelligent man...

- This cheese is matured for at least 10 months producing a nutty, well rounded flavour.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= balanced

round

adjective

1.

spherical

circular

curved

cylindrical

globular

rotund

rounded

2.

plump

ample

fleshy

full

full-fleshed

rotund

verb

3.

go round

bypass

circle

encircle

flank

skirt

turn

noun

4.

sphere

ball

band

circle

disc

globe

orb

ring

5.

stage

division

lap

level

period

session

turn

6.

series

cycle

sequence

session

succession

7.

course

beat

circuit

routine

schedule

series

tour

round off **

round off rounds off; rounding off; rounded off
If you round off an activity with something, you end the activity by doing something that provides a clear or satisfactory conclusion to it.

- The Italian way is to round off a meal or evening with an ice-cream.

- ...a dazzling firework display which rounded off a lovely day...

- This rounded the afternoon off perfectly.

- He rounds off by proposing a toast to the attendants.

PHR-V
= conclude

round off

verb

complete

close

conclude

finish off

round on **

round on rounds on; rounding on; rounded on
In informal English, if someone rounds on you, they criticize you fiercely and attack you with aggressive words.

- The Conservative Party rounded angrily on him for damaging the Government.

- He says that he will stand by his men and he has rounded on his critics.

PHR-V
= attack

round up **

1. round up rounds up; rounding up; rounded up
If the police or army round up a number of people, they arrest or capture them.

- The police rounded up a number of suspects.

- She says the patrolmen rounded them up at the village school and beat them with rifle butts.

PHR-V

2. round up rounds up; rounding up; rounded up
If you round up animals or things, you gather them together.

- He had sought work as a cowboy, rounding up cattle.

- We've rounded up a selection of products.

PHR-V

round up

verb

gather

collect

drive

group

herd

marshal

muster

rally

roundabout

[D.J.:ˈraundəbaut]

[K.K.:ˈraʊndəˌbaʊt]

n.

绕行路线, 绕道, 环状交叉路

adj.

绕道的, 不直截了当的

roundabout *

1. roundabout roundabouts
A roundabout is a circular structure in the road at a place where several roads meet. You drive round it until you come to the road that you want. (BRIT; in AM use traffic circle )
N-COUNT
= island

2. roundabout roundabouts
A roundabout at a fair is a large, circular mechanical device with seats, often in the shape of animals or cars, on which children sit and go round and round. (BRIT; in AM use merry-go-round or carousel )
N-COUNT

3. roundabout roundabouts
A roundabout in a park or school play area is a circular platform that children sit or stand on. People push the platform to make it spin round. (BRIT; in AM use merry-go-round )
N-COUNT

4. roundabout
If you go somewhere by a roundabout route, you do not go there by the shortest and quickest route.

- He left today on a roundabout route for Jordan and is also due soon in Egypt.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= circuitous

5. roundabout
If you do or say something in a roundabout way, you do not do or say it in a simple, clear, and direct way.

- We made a bit of a fuss in a roundabout way.

- ...using indirect or roundabout language in place of a precise noun.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= indirect ≠ direct

roundabout

adjective

indirect

circuitous

devious

discursive

evasive

oblique

tortuous

roundel

[D.J.:ˈraundl]

[K.K.:ˈraʊndəl]

n.

圆形饰物,小圆盘

roundel

roundel roundels
A roundel is a circular design, for example one painted on a military aircraft.
N-COUNT

rounders

[ˈraundəz]

n.

〈英〉一种似棒球的游戏

rounders

rounders
Rounders is a game played by two teams of children, in which a player scores points by hitting a ball thrown by a member of the other team and then running round all four sides of a square.
N-UNCOUNT

roundly

[D.J.:ˈraʊndli:]

[K.K.:ˈraʊndli]

adv.

严厉地;粗暴地

大概地;约略地

roundly

roundly
If you are roundly condemned or criticized, you are condemned or criticized forcefully or by many people. If you are roundly defeated, you are defeated completely.

- Political leaders have roundly condemned the shooting.

- Liz Davies took the issue to the party but was roundly defeated.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV before v

round-robin

时间片轮转

round-robin

round-robin round-robins
A round-robin is a sports competition in which each player or team plays against every other player or team.

- They beat England 4-1 in their last round-robin match at Nagoya in Japan.

N-COUNT: usu N n also round robin .
≠ knock-out

round-shouldered

[D.J.:ˈraʊndˈʃəʊldəd]

[K.K.:ˈraʊndˈʃoldəd]

adj.

圆背的

round-shouldered

round-shouldered
If someone is round-shouldered , they bend forward when they sit or stand, and their shoulders are curved rather than straight.

- Cissie was round-shouldered and dumpy.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

round table *

round table round tables
A round table discussion is a meeting where experts gather together in order to discuss a particular topic.

- ...a round-table conference of the leading heart specialists of America.

N-COUNT: usu N n also round-table , roundtable .

round trip *

1. round trip round trips
If you make a round trip , you travel to a place and then back again.

- The train operates the 2,400-mile round trip once a week.

N-COUNT also round-trip .

2. round trip
A round-trip ticket is a ticket for a train, bus, or plane that allows you to travel to a particular place and then back again. (AM; in BRIT use return )

- Mexicana Airlines has announced cheaper round-trip tickets between Los Angeles and cities it serves in Mexico.

- ...the lowest round-trip fare available between Washington and Dallas.

ADJ: ADJ n also round-trip .
≠ single one way

roundup

[D.J.:ˈraʊndˌʌp]

[K.K.:ˈraʊndˌʌp]

n.

聚拢,赶拢

搜捕

roundup *

1. roundup roundups
In journalism, especially television or radio, a roundup of news is a summary of the main events that have happened.

- First, we have this roundup of the day's news.

- We'll also have an election roundup from the streets of New York to the Via Veneto.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n, adj N also round-up .
= summary

2. roundup roundups
When there is a roundup of people, they are arrested or captured by the police or army and brought to one place.

- There are reports that round ups of westerners are still taking place.

N-COUNT also round-up .

3. roundup roundups
A roundup is an occasion when cattle, horses, or other animals are collected together so that they can be counted or sold. (AM)

- What is it that keeps a cowboy looking strong, young and ready for another roundup?

N-COUNT also round-up .

roundup

noun

gathering

assembly

collection

herding

marshalling

muster

rally

roundworm

[D.J.:ˈraʊndˌwɜ:m]

[K.K.:ˈraʊndˌwɚm]

n.

蛔虫

roundworm

roundworm roundworms
A roundworm is a very small worm that lives in the intestines of people, pigs, and other animals.
N-VAR

rouse

[D.J.:rauz]

[K.K.:raʊz]

vt. & vi.

醒来; 唤醒

vt.

使…活跃起来[产生兴趣]

rousing

[D.J.:ˈraʊzɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈraʊzɪŋ]

adj.

充满活力〔激情〕的

激励的;激动人心的

rouse *

1. rouse rouses rousing roused
If someone rouses you when you are sleeping or if you rouse , you wake up. (LITERARY)

- Hilton roused him at eight-thirty by rapping on the door.

- When I put my hand on his, he stirs but doesn't quite rouse.

V-ERG
= wake arouse

2. rouse rouses rousing roused
If you rouse yourself, you stop being inactive and start doing something.

- She seemed to be unable to rouse herself to do anything.

- He roused himself from his lazy contemplation of the scene beneath him,.

VB
= stir

3. rouse rouses rousing roused
If something or someone rouses you, they make you very emotional or excited.

- He did more to rouse the crowd there than anybody else.

- Ben says his father was good-natured, a man not quickly roused to anger or harsh opinions.

VB
= stir

4. rousing

- ...a rousing speech to the convention in support of the president.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= stirring

5. rouse rouses rousing roused
If something rouses a feeling in you, it causes you to have that feeling.

- It roused a feeling of rebellion in him.

- This roused my interest in politics and I went to work for the Democrats.

VB
= awaken excite

rouse

verb

1.

wake up

awaken

call

rise

wake

2.

excite

agitate

anger

animate

incite

inflame

move

provoke

stimulate

stir

rousing

adjective

lively

exciting

inspiring

moving

spirited

stimulating

stirring

roust

[D.J.:raust]

[K.K.:raʊst]

vt.

惊起,唤醒,激动,驱逐

roust

roust rousts rousting rousted
If you roust someone, you disturb, upset, or hit them, or make them move from their place. (AM)

- Relax, kid, we're not about to roust you. We just want some information.

- Bruce had gone to bed, but they rousted him out.

VB

roustabout

[D.J.:ˈraustəˌbaut]

[K.K.:ˈraʊstəˌbaʊt]

n.

码头工人,甲板水手

roustabout

roustabout roustabouts
A roustabout is a unskilled worker, especially one who works in a port or at an oil well. (AM)
N-COUNT

rout

[D.J.:raʊt]

[K.K.:raʊt]

vt.

打垮, 赶跑

(体育)打败对方

route

[D.J.:ru:t]

[K.K.:rut, raʊt]

n.

路, 路途, 路线, 路程

routing

[ˈru:tiŋ]

n.

行程安排,邮件路由

rout *

1. rout routs routing routed
If an army, sports team, or other group routs its opponents, it defeats them completely and easily.

- ...the Battle of Hastings at which the Norman army routed the English opposition.

VB
= defeat

2. rout routs
Also a noun.

- One after another the Italian bases in the desert fell as the retreat turned into a rout.

N-COUNT

route ****

1. route routes
A route is a way from one place to another.

- ...the most direct route to the town centre...

- All escape routes were blocked by armed police.

- Tens of thousands lined the route from Dublin airport.

N-COUNT

2. route routes
A bus, air, or shipping route is the way between two places along which buses, planes, or ships travel regularly.

- ...the main shipping routes to Japan.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

3. route
In the United States, Route is used in front of a number in the names of main roads between major cities.

- From San Francisco take the freeway to the Broadway-Webster exit on Route 580.

N-IN-NAMES: N num

4. route routes
Your route is the series of visits you make to different people or places, as part of your job. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use round or rounds )

- He began cracking open big blue tins of butter cookies and feeding the dogs on his route.

- They would go out on his route and check him.

N-COUNT

5. route routes
You can refer to a way of achieving something as a route .

- Researchers are trying to get at the same information through an indirect route.

- Buying the best is as sure a route to success in investment as in any other field.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= way

6. route routes routing routed
If vehicles, goods, or passengers are routed in a particular direction, they are made to travel in that direction.

- Double-stack trains are taking a lot of freight that used to be routed via trucks.

- Approaching cars will be routed into two lanes.

VB: usu passive

7. route routes routing routed
If telephone calls or other electronic signals are routed in a particular way, the signals are sent through a particular series of connections. (TECHNICAL)

- ...plans to route every emergency call in Britain through just three telephone exchanges.

VB

8. route
En route to a place means on the way to that place. En route is sometimes spelled on route in non-standard English.

- They have arrived in London en route to the United States.

- One of the bags was lost en route.

PHR: oft PHR to/from/for n
= on the way

9. route
Journalists sometimes use en route when they are mentioning an event that happened as part of a longer process or before another event.

- The German set three tournament records and equalled two others en route to grabbing golf's richest prize.

PHR: oft PHR to n/-ing

10. route
If you go the route , you do something fully or continue with a task until you have completely finished. (AM)

- They have gone the route, in many cases, of just big -- big bowls, big statues, big masks, big everything.

PHR: go inflects

rout

noun

1.

defeat

beating

debacle

drubbing

overthrow

pasting slang

thrashing

verb

2.

defeat

beat

conquer

crush

destroy

drub

overthrow

thrash

wipe the floor with informal

route

noun

way

beat

circuit

course

direction

itinerary

journey

path

road

router

[D.J.:ˈrautə]

[K.K.:ˈraʊtɚ]

n.

刳刨者;刳刨工具;刳刨机

router

router routers
On a computer or network of computers, a router is a piece of equipment which allows access to other computers or networks, for example the Internet.
N-COUNT

routine

[D.J.:ru:ˈti:n]

[K.K.:ruˈtin]

n.

例行公事, 惯例, 惯常的程序

adj.

例行的; 常规的

routine ***

1. routine routines
A routine is the usual series of things that you do at a particular time. A routine is also the practice of regularly doing things in a fixed order.

- The players had to change their daily routine and lifestyle.

- They include the floor exercises as a regular part of their fitness routine.

- He checked up on you as a matter of routine.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N n, adj N

2. routine
You use routine to describe activities that are done as a normal part of a job or process.

- ...a series of routine medical tests including X-rays and blood tests...

- The operator has to be able to carry out routine maintenance of the machine.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. routine
A routine situation, action, or event is one which seems completely ordinary, rather than interesting, exciting, or different.

- So many days are routine and uninteresting, especially in winter.

- ...this routine thriller about a CIA man and a KGB operative.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= humdrum dull

4. routine routines
You use routine to refer to a way of life that is uninteresting and ordinary, or hardly ever changes.

- ...the mundane routine of her life...

- Family holidays are meant to be a break from routine.

N-VAR disapproval

5. routine routines
A routine is a short sequence of jokes, remarks, actions, or movements that forms part of a longer performance.

- ... like a Marx Brothers routine.

- ...an athletic dance routine.

N-COUNT: usu n N

routine

noun

1.

procedure

custom

method

order

pattern

practice

programme

adjective

2.

usual

customary

everyday

habitual

normal

ordinary

standard

typical

3.

boring

dull

humdrum

predictable

tedious

tiresome

routinely

[D.J.:ru:ˈti:nlɪ]

[K.K.:ruˈtinlɪ]

adv.

常规地,惯常地

老一套地,令人厌烦地

routinely *

1. routinely
If something is routinely done, it is done as a normal part of a job or process.

- Vitamin K is routinely given in the first week of life to prevent bleeding.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj
= regularly

2. routinely
If something happens routinely , it happens repeatedly and is not surprising, unnatural, or new.

- Any outside criticism is routinely dismissed as interference.

- He is routinely described as the greatest scientist since Einstein.

ADV: ADV with v

rove

[D.J.:rəʊv]

[K.K.:rov]

vt.

流浪, 漂泊；徘徊,漫游

(指眼睛)环顾

roving

[ˈrəuviŋ]

n.

粗纱

rove

1. rove roves roving roved
If someone roves about an area or roves an area, they wander around it. (LITERARY)

- ...roving about the town in the dead of night and seeing something peculiar.

- ...organised anti-foreign bands called the Boxers who roved the countryside and the provinces.

VB
= roam wander

2. rove roves roving roved
If you say that someone's eyes rove round a place, you mean that they are looking around to see what is interesting. (LITERARY)

- Houston's eyes roved restlessly about the room.

- His eyes roved to see how many of the group appreciated his heavy humour.

VB
= wander

roving *

1. roving
You use roving to describe a person who travels around, rather than staying in a fixed place.

- He is to join the BBC to cover the Olympic Games in Barcelona next month as a roving reporter.

- Left to raise themselves on the streets, these children form roving bands of delinquents.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. roving
If you say that a man has a roving eye , you are criticizing him for continually paying attention to different women.
PHR: N inflects disapproval

rove

verb

wander

drift

ramble

range

roam

stray

traipse informal

row

[D.J.:rəu]

[K.K.:ro]

n.

一排, 一行

划船

vt. & vi.

划船

[rau]

n.

争吵, 吵闹

vi.

争吵, 吵闹

rowing

[D.J.:ˈrəʊɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈroɪŋ]

n.

划船

row 1 arrangement or sequence ***

1. row rows
A row of things or people is a number of them arranged in a line.

- ...a row of pretty little cottages...

- Several men are pushing school desks and chairs into neat rows.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= line

2. row rows
In a theatre or cinema, or on a plane, each line of seats is called a row .

- She was sitting in the front row.

N-COUNT

3. row
Row is sometimes used in the names of streets.

- ...the house at 236 Larch Row.

N-IN-NAMES: n N

4. row
If something happens several times in a row , it happens that number of times without a break. If something happens several days in a row , it happens on each of those days.

- They have won five championships in a row.

- If I'm inside for three days in a row, I go crazy.

- It is the sixth month in a row in which imports have fallen.

PHR: PHR after v

row 2 making a boat move **

1. row rows rowing rowed
When you row , you sit in a boat and make it move through the water by using oars. If you row someone somewhere, you take them there in a boat, using oars.

- He rowed as quickly as he could to the shore.

- We could all row a boat and swim almost before we could walk.

- The boatman refused to row him back.

VB

2. row rows
Also a noun.

- I took Daniel for a row.

N-COUNT
See also rowing .

row 3 disagreement or noise ***

1. row rows
A row is a serious disagreement between people or organizations. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- This is likely to provoke a further row about the bank's role in the affair.

- The ministers must have realized that they risked what could be a major diplomatic row with France.

N-COUNT: oft adj N, N prep
= dispute

2. row rows
If two people have a row , they have a noisy argument. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- We never seem to stay together for very long before we have a dreadful row.

- A man had been stabbed to death in a family row.

N-COUNT
= quarrel argument

3. row rows rowing rowed
If two people row or if one person rows with another, they have a noisy argument. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- They rowed all the time and thought it couldn't be good for the baby.

- He had earlier rowed with his girlfriend.

V-RECIP
= quarrel argue

4. row
If you say that someone is making a row , you mean that they are making a loud, unpleasant noise. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- `Whatever is that row?' she demanded. `Pop festival,' he answered.

N-SING
= din racket

rowing *

rowing
Rowing is a sport in which people or teams race against each other in boats with oars.

- ...competitions in rowing, swimming and water skiing.

N-UNCOUNT

row

noun

line

bank

column

file

range

series

string

row

noun

1.

dispute

brawl

quarrel

squabble

tiff

trouble

2.

disturbance

commotion

noise

racket

rumpus

tumult

uproar

verb

3.

quarrel

argue

dispute

fight

squabble

wrangle

rowan

[D.J.:ˈrəuən]

[K.K.:ˈroən, ˈraʊ-]

n.

欧洲花楸,美洲花楸,花楸浆果

rowan

1. rowan rowans
A rowan or a rowan tree is a tree with a silvery trunk that has red berries in autumn.
N-VAR
= mountain ash

2. rowan
Rowan is the wood of this tree.
N-UNCOUNT

rowboat

[D.J.:ˈrəʊˌbəʊt]

[K.K.:ˈroˌbot]

n.

划艇

rowboat

rowboat rowboats
A rowboat is a small boat that you move through the water by using oars. (AM; in BRIT use rowing boat )
N-COUNT

rowdy

[D.J.:ˈraʊdi:]

[K.K.:ˈraʊdi]

adj.

好争吵的;吵闹的

rowdy *

1. rowdy rowdier rowdiest
When people are rowdy , they are noisy, rough, and likely to cause trouble.

- He has complained to the police about rowdy neighbours.

- There were rowdy scenes inside parliament during the debate.

ADJ-GRADED
= noisy

2. rowdiness

- ...adolescent behaviour like vandalism and rowdiness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. rowdy rowdies
If you describe people as rowdies , you mean that they are noisy, rough, and likely to cause trouble. (INFORMAL)

- ...a bar in New York where the owner kept a baseball bat to deal with rowdies.

N-PLURAL

rowdy

adjective

1.

disorderly

loud

noisy

rough

unruly

wild

noun

2.

hooligan

lout

ruffian

tearaway Brit.

yob or yobbo Brit. slang

rower

[D.J.:ˈrəuə]

n.

划船者, 划手

rower

rower rowers
A rower is a person who rows a boat, especially as a sport.

- ...the first rower ever to win golds at four Olympic Games.

N-COUNT

row house

row house row houses
A row house is one of a row of similar houses that are joined together by both of their side walls. (AM; in BRIT use terraced house )
N-COUNT also rowhouse .

rowing boat

rowing boat rowing boats
A rowing boat is a small boat that you move through the water by using oars. (BRIT; in AM use rowboat )
N-COUNT also rowing-boat .

rowing machine

rowing machine rowing machines
A rowing machine is an exercise machine with moving parts which you move as if you were rowing a rowing boat.
N-COUNT

rowlock

[D.J.:ˈrɔlək]

[K.K.:ˈroˌlɑk]

n.

桨架

rowlock

rowlock rowlocks
The rowlocks on a rowing boat are the U-shaped pieces of metal that keep the oars in position while you move them backwards and forwards. (BRIT; in AM use oarlock )
N-COUNT: usu pl

royal

[D.J.:ˈrɔiəl]

[K.K.:ˈrɔɪəl]

adj.

国王的, 女王的

大规模的; 极大的

royal ****

1. royal
Royal is used to indicate that something is connected with a king, queen, or emperor, or their family. A royal person is a king, queen, or emperor, or a member of their family.

- ...an invitation to a royal garden party.

- ...the Japanese royal couple, Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. royal
Royal is used in the names of institutions or organizations that are officially appointed or supported by a member of a royal family.

- ...the Royal Academy of Music.

- ...several pilots of the Royal Navy's 846 Squadron.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. royal royals
Members of the royal family are sometimes referred to as the royals . (INFORMAL)

- The royals have always been patrons of charities pulling in large donations.

N-COUNT: usu pl

royal

adjective

1.

regal

imperial

kingly

princely

queenly

sovereign

2.

splendid

grand

impressive

magnificent

majestic

stately

royal blue

royal blue
Something that is royal blue is deep blue in colour.
COLOUR

royal family **

royal family royal families
The royal family of a country is the king, queen, or emperor, and all the members of their family.
N-COUNT

Royal Highness *

Royal Highness Royal Highnesses
Expressions such as Your Royal Highness and Their Royal Highnesses are used to address or refer to members of royal families who are not kings or queens.
N-VOC: poss N; PRON: poss PRON politeness

royalist

[D.J.:ˈrɔɪəlɪst]

[K.K.:ˈrɔɪəlɪst]

n.

保皇主义者, 保皇党成员

royalist *

royalist royalists
A royalist is someone who supports their country's royal family or who believes that their country should have a king or queen.

- He was hated by the royalists and mistrusted by the communists.

N-COUNT: oft N n
= monarchist ≠ republican

royal jelly

royal jelly
Royal jelly is a substance that bees make in order to feed young bees and queen bees.
N-UNCOUNT

royally

[ˈrɔiəli]

adv.

像王族,庄严地

royally

royally
If you say that something is done royally , you are emphasizing that it is done in an impressive or grand way, or that it is very great in degree.

- They were royally received in every aspect.

- They then get royally drunk in his memory.

ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj emphasis

royalties

版税

royalty

[D.J.:ˈrɔiəlti]

[K.K.:ˈrɔɪəlti]

n.

王族(成员)

(著作的)版税

royalty **

1. royalty
The members of royal families are sometimes referred to as royalty .

- Royalty and government leaders from all around the world are gathering in Japan.

- ...a ceremony attended by royalty.

N-UNCOUNT

2. royalty royalties
Royalties are payments made to authors and musicians when their work is sold or performed. They usually receive a fixed percentage of the profits from these sales or performances.

- I lived on about £3,000 a year from the royalties on my book.

N-PLURAL

3. royalty royalties
Payments made to someone whose invention, idea, or property is used by a commercial company can be referred to as royalties .

- The royalties enabled the inventor to re-establish himself in business.

N-COUNT: usu pl

RP

abbr.

Republic of the Philippines,菲律宾共和国

RP

abbr.

Republic of the Philippines ,菲律宾共和国

RP

RP
RP is a way of pronouncing British English that is often considered to be the standard accent. Pronunciations in this dictionary are given in RP. RP is an abbreviation for `Received Pronunciation'.

rpm

abbr.

revolutions per minute 转数/分

rpm

abbr.

revolutions per minute 转数／分

rpm *

rpm
rpm is used to indicate the speed of something by saying how many times per minute it will go round in a circle. rpm is an abbreviation for `revolutions per minute'.

- Both engines were running at 2500 rpm.

also r.p.m.

RSI

abbr.

Rationlization,Standardization,Interoperability 合理化,标准化及相互适应性

RSI

abbr.

Rationlization,Standardization,Interoperability 合理化,标准化及相互适应性

RSI

RSI
RSI is an abbreviation for repetitive strain injury .

- The women developed painful RSI because of poor working conditions.

N-UNCOUNT

RSVP

abbr.

Reply,if you please 请回复

RSVP

abbr.

Reply,if you please 请回复

RSVP

RSVP
RSVP is an abbreviation for `répondez s'il vous plaÎt', which means `please reply'. It is written on the bottom of a card inviting you to a party or special occasion.
also R.S.V.P.

Rt Hon.

Rt Hon.
Rt Hon. is used in Britain as part of the formal title of some members of the Privy Council and some judges. Rt Hon. is an abbreviation for `Right Honourable'.

- ...the Rt Hon. Tony Blair.

ADJ: the ADJ n

rub

[D.J.:rʌb]

[K.K.:rʌb]

vt.

擦; 搓; 揉

vt. & vi.

接触; 摩擦

rubbed

擦,搓,摩擦

rubbing

[D.J.:ˈrʌbɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrʌbɪŋ]

n.

拓本；拓印

rubbings

n.

拓片

rub **

1. rub rubs rubbing rubbed
If you rub a part of your body, you move your hand or fingers backwards and forwards over it while pressing firmly.

- He rubbed his arms and stiff legs.

- `I fell in a ditch', he said, rubbing at a scrape on his hand.

VB

2. rub rubs rubbing rubbed
If you rub against a surface or rub a part of your body against a surface, you move it backwards and forwards while pressing it against the surface.

- A cat was rubbing against my leg.

- He kept rubbing his leg against mine.

VB

3. rub rubs rubbing rubbed
If you rub an object or a surface, you move a cloth backward and forward over it in order to clean or dry it.

- She took off her glasses and rubbed them hard.

- He rubbed and rubbed but couldn't seem to get clean.

VB

4. rub rubs rubbing rubbed
If you rub a substance into a surface or rub something such as dirt from a surface, you spread it over the surface or remove it from the surface using your hand or something such as a cloth.

- He rubbed oil into my back.

- I pretended to rub a fleck of grit from one eye.

VB

5. rub rubs rubbing rubbed
If you rub two things together or if they rub together, they move backwards and forwards, pressing against each other.

- He rubbed his hands together a few times.

- ...the 650-mile rift that separates the Pacific and North American geological plates as they rub together.

V-ERG

6. rub rubs rubbing rubbed
If something you are wearing or holding rubs , it makes you sore because it keeps moving backwards and forwards against your skin.

- Smear cream on to your baby's skin at the edges of the plaster to prevent it from rubbing.

VB
= chafe

7. rub
Rub is used in expressions such as there's the rub and the rub is when you are mentioning a difficulty that makes something hard or impossible to achieve. (FORMAL)

- `What do you want to write about?'. And there was the rub, because I didn't yet know.

N-SING: the N
= obstacle snag

8. rub rubs
A massage can be referred to as a rub .

- She sometimes asks if I want a back rub.

N-COUNT: usu sing

9. rub rubs
A rub is a substance that you massage into your skin.

- ...a fresh cucumber rub for your whole face.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

10. rub
If you rub shoulders with famous people, you meet them and talk to them. You can also say that you rub elbows with someone, especially in American English.

- He regularly rubs shoulders with the likes of Elizabeth Taylor and Kylie Minogue.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

11. rub
If you rub someone up the wrong way in British English, or rub someone the wrong way in American English, you offend or annoy them without intending to. (INFORMAL)

- What are you going to get out of him if you rub him up the wrong way?

PHR: V inflects
= annoy

rubbing

rubbing rubbings
A rubbing is a picture that you make by putting a piece of paper over a carved surface and then rubbing wax or chalk over it.

- We want to go in and do a brass rubbing.

N-COUNT: oft n N

rub

verb

1.

polish

clean

scour

shine

wipe

2.

chafe

abrade

fray

grate

scrape

noun

3.

polish

shine

stroke

wipe

4.

massage

caress

kneading

rub along **

rub along rubs along; rubbing along; rubbed along
If two people rub along or if one person rubs along with another, they are able to live or work together in a fairly friendly way, usually when you would not expect them to. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- North and South had officials at the meeting and they rubbed along tolerably.

- Mr Nicholson respects soldiers, and he rubs along with them.

PHR-V-RECIP

rub down **

1. rub down rubs down; rubbing down; rubbed down
If you rub down a rough surface, you make it smooth by rubbing it with something such as sandpaper.

- They were settling to their work, rubbing down the woodwork with sandpaper.

PHR-V

2. rub down rubs down; rubbing down; rubbed down
If you rub someone down , you dry them or massage them with something such as a towel or cloth.

- He set him on the bed and rubbed him down with a coarse towel.

- After a bath or shower rub down the whole body with a loofah.

PHR-V

rub in **

1. rub in rubs in; rubbing in; rubbed in
If you rub a substance in , you press it into something by continuously moving it over its surface.

- When hair is dry, rub in a little oil to make it smooth and glossy.

PHR-V

2. rub in rubs in; rubbing in; rubbed in
If someone keeps reminding you of something you would rather forget you can say that they are rubbing it in .

- Officials couldn't resist rubbing it in.

- It was by way of rubbing in his brother's inadequacy that Noel took the lead part for himself.

PHR-V

rub off **

rub off rubs off; rubbing off; rubbed off
If someone's qualities or habits rub off on you, you develop some of their qualities or habits after spending time with them.

- He was a tremendously enthusiastic teacher and that rubbed off on all the children.

- I was hoping some of his genius might rub off.

PHR-V

rub out **

1. rub out rubs out; rubbing out; rubbed out
If you rub out something that you have written on paper or a board, you remove it using a rubber or eraser.

- She began rubbing out the pencilled marks in the margin.

PHR-V
= erase

2. rub out rubs out; rubbing out; rubbed out
If one person rubs out another, they kill them. (INFORMAL)

- Nobody else believed that they had tried to rub out the pope.

PHR-V
= kill

rub out

verb

erase

cancel

delete

efface

obliterate

remove

wipe out

rubber

[D.J.:ˈrʌbə]

[K.K.:ˈrʌbɚ]

n.

(合成)橡胶

橡皮

黑板擦

橡胶套鞋

rubbers

[ˈrʌbəz]

n.

橡胶股

rubber **

1. rubber
Rubber is a strong, waterproof, elastic substance made from the juice of a tropical tree or produced chemically. It is used for making tyres, boots, and other products.

- ...the smell of burning rubber.

N-UNCOUNT

2. rubber
Rubber things are made of rubber.

- ...rubber gloves.

- ...a rubber ball.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. rubber rubbers
A rubber is a small piece of rubber or other material that is used to remove mistakes that you have made while writing, drawing, or typing. (BRIT; in AM use eraser )
N-COUNT

4. rubber rubbers
A rubber is a condom . (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

5. rubber rubbers
In some card games, for example bridge or whist, a rubber is a match of three games.

- Let's have a few rubbers of bridge.

N-COUNT

rubber band

rubber band rubber bands
A rubber band is a thin circle of very elastic rubber. You put it around things such as papers in order to keep them together.
N-COUNT
= elastic band

rubber boot

rubber boot rubber boots
Rubber boots are long boots made of rubber that you wear to keep your feet dry. (AM; in BRIT use wellington )
N-COUNT: usu pl

rubber bullet

rubber bullet rubber bullets
A rubber bullet is a bullet made of a metal ball coated with rubber. It is intended to injure people rather than kill them, and is used by police or soldiers to control crowds during a riot.

- Teargas and rubber bullets were used to break up a demonstration by students.

N-COUNT

rubberneck

[D.J.:ˈrʌbənek]

[K.K.:ˈrʌbɚˌnɛk]

n.

〈美俚〉(好奇的)伸长脖子看(或听)的人,观光客,好奇者

rubberneck

1. rubberneck rubbernecks rubbernecking rubbernecked
If someone is rubbernecking , they are staring at someone or something, especially in a rude or silly way. (INFORMAL)

- The second accident was brought about by people slowing down to rubber-neck the first.

VB also rubber-neck disapproval

2. rubbernecker rubberneckers

- Pitt recently had tall trees planted outside his home in an attempt to block the rubberneckers.

N-COUNT

rubber plant

rubber plant rubber plants
A rubber plant is a type of plant with shiny leaves. It grows naturally in Asia but is also grown as a house plant in other parts of the world.
N-COUNT

rubber stamp *

1. rubber stamp rubber stamps
A rubber stamp is a small device with a name, date, or symbol on it. You press it on to an ink pad and then on to a document in order to show that the document has been officially dealt with.

- In Post Offices, virtually every document that's passed across the counter is stamped with a rubber stamp.

N-COUNT also rubber-stamp .

2. rubber stamp rubber stamps rubber stamping rubber stamped
When someone in authority rubber-stamps a decision, plan, or law, they agree to it without thinking about it much.

- Parliament's job is to rubber-stamp his decisions.

- Nearly 60 banks have rubber-stamped a refinancing deal.

VB also rubber-stamp .
= approve

rubbery

[D.J.:ˈrʌbəri:]

[K.K.:ˈrʌbəri]

adj.

橡胶似的;有弹性的

rubbery

1. rubbery
Something that is rubbery looks or feels soft or elastic like rubber.

- She had the most rubbery face.

- The mask is left on for about 15 minutes while it sets to a rubbery texture.

ADJ-GRADED

2. rubbery
Food such as meat that is rubbery is difficult to chew.
ADJ-GRADED
= tough

rubbing alcohol

rubbing alcohol
Rubbing alcohol is a liquid which is used to clean wounds or surgical instruments. (AM; in BRIT use surgical spirit )
N-UNCOUNT

rubbish

[D.J.:ˈrʌbiʃ]

[K.K.:ˈrʌbɪʃ]

n.

垃圾, 废弃物

无意义的东西; 废话, 胡说八道

vt.

〈英澳·非正〉把…说得一钱不值; 贬损…

rubbish **

1. rubbish
Rubbish consists of unwanted things or waste material such as used paper, empty tins and bottles, and waste food. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use garbage or trash )

- ...unwanted household rubbish...

- They had piled most of their rubbish into yellow skips.

N-UNCOUNT
= refuse waste

2. rubbish
If you think that something is of very poor quality you can say that it is rubbish . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He described her book as absolute rubbish.

N-UNCOUNT

3. rubbish
If you think that an idea or a statement is foolish or wrong, you can say that it is rubbish . (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He's talking rubbish.

- These reports are total and utter rubbish.

N-UNCOUNT
= nonsense

4. rubbish
If you think that someone is not very good at something, you can say that they are rubbish at it. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He was rubbish at his job.

- I tried playing golf, but I was rubbish.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ at n
≠ good

5. rubbish rubbishes rubbishing rubbished
If you rubbish a person, their ideas or their work, you say they are of little value. (INFORMAL) (BRIT; in AM use trash )

- Five whole pages of script were devoted to rubbishing her political opponents.

- Officials have simply rubbished all positive ideas.

VB

rubbish

noun

1.

waste

garbage chiefly U.S.

junk informal

litter

lumber

refuse

scrap

trash

2.

nonsense

claptrap informal

codswallop Brit. slang

garbage chiefly U.S.

hogwash

hot air informal

rot

tommyrot

trash

tripe informal

twaddle

rubbishy

[D.J.:ˈrʌbiʃi]

[K.K.:ˈrʌbɪʃi]

adj.

碎屑的,破烂的

rubbishy

rubbishy
If you describe something as rubbishy , you think it is of very poor quality. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...some old rubbishy cop movie.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

rubble

[D.J.:ˈrʌbəl]

[K.K.:ˈrʌbəl]

n.

碎石, 瓦砾

rubble *

1. rubble
When a building is destroyed, the pieces of brick, stone, or other materials that remain are referred to as rubble .

- Thousands of bodies are still buried under the rubble.

- Entire suburbs have been reduced to rubble.

N-UNCOUNT

2. rubble
The word rubble is used to refer to the small pieces of bricks and stones that are used as a bottom layer on which to build roads, paths, or houses.

- Brick rubble is useful as the base for paths and patios.

N-UNCOUNT

rube

[D.J.:ru:b]

[K.K.:rub]

n.

〈美俚〉乡巴佬,土包子

adj.

乡巴佬的,土里土气的

rube

rube rubes
If you refer to a man or boy as a rube , you consider him stupid and uneducated because he comes from the countryside. (AM, INFORMAL)

- He's no rube. He's a very smart guy.

N-COUNT disapproval
= hick

rubella

[D.J.:ru:ˈbelə]

[K.K.:ruˈbɛlə]

n.

风疹

rubella

rubella
Rubella is a disease. The symptoms are a cough, a sore throat, and red spots on your skin. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT
= German measles

Rubicon

[D.J.:ˈru:bikən]

[K.K.:ˈrubɪˌkɑn]

n.

（意大利中部的）卢比肯河

Rubicon

Rubicon
If you say that someone has crossed the Rubicon , you mean that they have reached a point where they cannot change a decision or course of action. (JOURNALISM)

- He's crossed the Rubicon with regard to the use of military force as an option.

PHR: V inflects

rubicund

[D.J.:ˈru:bɪkənd]

[K.K.:ˈrubɪkənd]

adj.

脸色红润的

rubicund

rubicund
If someone has a rubicund face, they have a red face. (OLD-FASHIONED, LITERARY)

- She watched the colour drain from Colin's rubicund face.

ADJ
= ruddy

rubric

[D.J.:ˈru:brɪk]

[K.K.:ˈrubrɪk]

n.

(用红字印刷的)题目(或句子等);(文章章节的)标题

注释;按语

写在礼拜规程里的礼仪指示

习俗;成规

adj.

印为红字的

rubric

1. rubric rubrics
A rubric is a set of rules or instructions, for example the rules at the beginning of an examination paper. (FORMAL)

- There was a firm rubric in the book about what had to be observed when interrogating anyone under seventeen.

N-COUNT

2. rubric rubrics
A rubric is a title or heading under which something operates or is studied. (FORMAL)

- The aid comes under the rubric of technical co-operation between governments.

N-COUNT
= title heading

ruby

[D.J.:ˈru:bi]

[K.K.:ˈrubi]

n.

红宝石

红宝石色; 深红色

ruby *

1. ruby rubies
A ruby is a dark red jewel.

- ...a ruby and diamond ring.

N-COUNT

2. ruby rubies
Something that is ruby is dark red in colour.

- ...a glass of ruby-red Cabernet Sauvignon.

COLOUR

ruched

ruched
Ruched curtains or garments are gathered so that they hang in soft folds.
ADJ

ruck

[D.J.:rʌk]

[K.K.:rʌk]

n.

(橄榄球)自由密集争球

普通人,寻常事物

ruck up

(使)起皱褶

ruck *

1. ruck rucks
A ruck is a situation where a group of people are fighting or struggling. (BRIT)

- There'll be a huge ruck with the cops as they try to take photographs.

- Ministers will find their budgets being decided in a political ruck with their colleagues.

N-COUNT
= scrap fight

2. ruck rucks
In the sport of rugby, a ruck is a situation where a group of players struggle for possession of the ball.
N-COUNT

3. ruck rucks
A ruck is a fold or crease in cloth or clothing.

- ...a small ruck in the carpet.

N-COUNT

ruck up *

ruck up rucks up; rucking up; rucked up
If cloth or someone's clothing rucks up , it forms folds so that it covers a smaller area than it did before.

- His designer suits ruck up round his middle.

- His shoe had rucked up one corner of the pale rug.

PHR-V-ERG

rucksack

[D.J.:ˈrʌkˌsæk, ˈrʊk-]

[K.K.:ˈrʌkˌsæk, ˈrʊk-]

n.

帆布背包

rucksack *

rucksack rucksacks
A rucksack is a bag with straps that go over your shoulders, so that you can carry things on your back, for example when you are walking or climbing. (BRIT; in AM usually use knapsack , pack , or backpack )
N-COUNT
= backpack

ruckus

[D.J.:ˈrʌkəs]

[K.K.:ˈrʌkəs]

n.

争吵；喧闹

ruckus

ruckus
If someone or something causes a ruckus , they cause a great deal of noise, argument, or confusion. (AM, INFORMAL)

- This caused such a ruckus all over Japan that they had to change their mind.

N-SING

ruction

[D.J.:ˈrʌkʃən]

[K.K.:ˈrʌkʃən]

n.

吵闹,骚动

ructions

[ˈrʌkʃənz]

n.

〈口〉愤怒的抗议；争吵

ruction

ruction ructions
If someone or something causes ructions , they cause strong protests, quarrels, or other trouble. (INFORMAL)

- Both activities have caused some ructions.

N-COUNT: usu pl

ructions

plural noun Informal

uproar

commotion

disturbance

fracas

fuss

hue and cry

row

trouble

rudder

[D.J.:ˈrʌdə]

[K.K.:ˈrʌdɚ]

n.

舵

rudder *

1. rudder rudders
A rudder is a device for steering a boat. It consists of a vertical piece of wood or metal at the back of the boat.
N-COUNT

2. rudder rudders
An aeroplane's rudder is a vertical piece of metal at the back which is used to make the plane turn to the right or to the left.
N-COUNT

rudderless

[D.J.:ˈrʌdəlis]

[K.K.:ˈrʌdəlɪs]

adj.

无指导者的,无舵的

rudderless

rudderless
A country or a person that is rudderless does not have a clear aim or a strong leader to follow.

- The country was politically rudderless for almost three months.

- ...a feeling in the country that the Government was drifting rudderless.

ADJ

ruddy

[D.J.:ˈrʌdi:]

[K.K.:ˈrʌdi]

adj.

红润的

ruddy *

1. ruddy ruddier ruddiest
If you describe someone's face as ruddy , you mean that their face is a reddish colour, usually because they are healthy or have been working hard, or because they are angry or embarrassed.

- He had a naturally ruddy complexion, even more flushed now from dancing.

- His face is still ruddy and handsome.

ADJ-GRADED

2. ruddy ruddier ruddiest
Something that is ruddy is reddish in colour. (LITERARY)

- ...barges, with their sails ruddy brown from regular dressing of ochre.

ADJ-GRADED

3. ruddy
Ruddy is used by some people to emphasize what they are saying, especially when they are angry. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED, RUDE)

- He took the paraffin stove on a picnic and the ruddy thing wouldn't work.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

ruddy

adjective

rosy

blooming

fresh

glowing

healthy

radiant

red

reddish

rosy-cheeked

rude

[D.J.:ru:d]

[K.K.:rud]

adj.

粗鲁的; 不礼貌的

近乎下流的

狂暴的; 惊人的; 突然的

简陋的, 粗制的

rudely

[D.J.:ˈru:dlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈrudlɪ]

adv.

粗鲁地；不礼貌地

猛烈地；突然地

rudeness

[D.J.:ˈru:dnɪs]

[K.K.: ˈrudnɪs]

n.

无礼貌;粗野；粗鲁

未加工

强壮

ruder

adj.

rude的比较级

rudest

adj.

无礼的,粗糙的

rude **

1. rude ruder rudest
When people are rude , they act in an impolite way towards other people or say impolite things about them.

- He's rude to her friends and obsessively jealous.

- People were quite often rude about him, often the people he had helped.

- Unfair bosses and rude customers make us unhappy on the job.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to/about n
= impolite ≠ polite

2. rudely

- I could not understand why she felt compelled to behave so rudely to a friend.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. rudeness

- Mother is cross at Caleb's rudeness, but I can forgive it.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss

4. rude ruder rudest
Rude is used to describe words and behaviour that are likely to embarrass or offend people, because they relate to sex or to body functions. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use dirty )

- Fred keeps cracking rude jokes with the guests.

- Luke made a rude gesture with his finger.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= obscene

5. rude ruder rudest
If someone receives a rude shock, something unpleasant happens unexpectedly.

- It will come as a rude shock when their salary or income-tax refund cannot be cashed.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

6. rudely

- People were awakened rudely by a siren just outside their window.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

7. rude
Objects can be described as rude when they are very simply and roughly made. (LITERARY)

- Roden had already constructed a rude cabin for himself and his family in case of necessity.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. rude
If someone is in rude health , they are strong and healthy.

- He is in rude health and can cycle 40 or 50 miles non-stop.

PHR

rude

adjective

1.

impolite

abusive

cheeky

discourteous

disrespectful

ill-mannered

impertinent

impudent

insolent

insulting

uncivil

unmannerly

2.

vulgar

boorish

brutish

coarse

graceless

loutish

oafish

rough

uncivilized

uncouth

uncultured

3.

unpleasant

abrupt

harsh

sharp

startling

sudden

4.

roughly-made

artless

crude

inartistic

inelegant

makeshift

primitive

raw

rough

simple

rudimentary

[D.J.:ˌru:dəˈmentəri:, -ˈmentri:]

[K.K.:ˌrudəˈmɛntəri, -ˈmɛntri]

adj.

基本的, 初步的

rudimentary *

1. rudimentary
Rudimentary things are very basic or simple and are therefore unsatisfactory. (FORMAL)

- The earth surface of the courtyard extended into a kind of rudimentary kitchen.

- They are deprived of the ability to exercise the most rudimentary workers' rights.

ADJ-GRADED
= basic

2. rudimentary
Rudimentary knowledge includes only the simplest and most basic facts. (FORMAL)

- He had only a rudimentary knowledge of French.

- ...a rudimentary grasp of economics.

ADJ-GRADED
= basic

rudimentary

adjective

basic

early

elementary

fundamental

initial

primitive

undeveloped

rudiments

n.

初步;入门

rudiments

rudiments
When you learn the rudiments of something, you learn the simplest or most essential things about it.

- She helped to build a house, learning the rudiments of brick-laying as she went along.

N-PLURAL: usu the N of n
= basics

rudiments

plural noun

basics

beginnings

elements

essentials

foundation

fundamentals

rue

[D.J.:ru:]

[K.K.:ru]

vt.

对…感到后悔

rue **

1. rue rues ruing rued
If you rue something that you have done, you are sorry that you did it, because it has had unpleasant results. (LITERARY)

- Tavare was probably ruing his decision.

VB
= regret

2. rue
If you rue the day that you did something, you are sorry that you did it, because it has had unpleasant results. (LITERARY)

- You'll live to rue the day you said that to me, my girl.

PHR: V inflects

rue

verb

regret

be sorry for

kick oneself for

lament

mourn

repent

rueful

[D.J.:ˈru:fəl]

[K.K.:ˈrufəl]

adj.

后悔的, 悔恨的

ruefully

[D.J.:ˈru:fəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈrufəlɪ]

adv.

悲伤地;可怜地;悲惨地

悔恨地

rueful *

1. rueful
If someone is rueful , they feel or express regret or sorrow in a quiet and gentle way. (LITERARY)

- He shook his head and gave me a rueful smile.

- `Our marriage was a mistake,' she said, looking rueful.

ADJ-GRADED

2. ruefully

- He grinned at her ruefully.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

rueful

adjective

regretful

contrite

mournful

penitent

remorseful

repentant

sorrowful

sorry

ruff

[D.J.:rʌf]

[K.K.:rʌf]

n.

出王牌,环状领

v.

出王牌(胜过)

ruff

1. ruff ruffs
A ruff is a stiff strip of cloth or other material with many small folds in it, which some people wore round their neck in former times.

- ...an Elizabethan ruff.

N-COUNT

2. ruff ruffs
A ruff is a thick band of feathers or fur round the neck of a bird or animal.
N-COUNT

ruffian

[D.J.:ˈrʌfi:ən, ˈrʌfjən]

[K.K.:ˈrʌfiən, ˈrʌfjən]

n.

暴徒, 恶棍

ruffian

ruffian ruffians
A ruffian is a man who behaves violently and is involved in crime. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- ...gangs of ruffians who lurk about intent on troublemaking.

N-COUNT

ruffian

noun

thug

brute

bully

heavy slang

hoodlum

hooligan

rough informal

tough

ruffle

[D.J.:ˈrʌfl]

[K.K.:ˈrʌfəl]

n.

褶裥花边

vt. & vi.

弄皱, 弄乱

激怒, 扰乱

ruffled

[D.J.:ˈrʌfld]

[K.K.:ˈrʌfəld]

adj.

有褶饰边的

ruffling

[细胞]边缘波动

ruffle *

1. ruffle ruffles ruffling ruffled
If you ruffle someone's hair, you move your hand backwards and forwards through it as a way of showing your affection towards them.

- `Don't let that get you down,' he said ruffling Ben's dark curls.

VB
= rumple

2. ruffle ruffles ruffling ruffled
When the wind ruffles something such as the surface of the sea, it causes it to move gently in a wave-like motion. (LITERARY)

- The evening breeze ruffled the pond.

- A gust of breeze moved down the hillside, ruffling the grass.

VB

3. ruffle ruffles ruffling ruffled
If something ruffles someone, it causes them to panic and lose their confidence or to become angry or upset.

- I could tell that my refusal to allow him to ruffle me infuriated him.

- Nothing could ruffle the perfect composure with which she casually greets members of staff.

VB

4. ruffle ruffles ruffling ruffled
If a bird ruffles its feathers or if its feathers ruffle , they stand out on its body, for example when it is cleaning itself or when it is frightened.

- Tame birds, when approached, will stretch out their necks and ruffle their neck feathering.

- Its body plumage suddenly began to ruffle and swell so that he seemed almost twice his size.

- ...a ruffling of wings.

V-ERG

5. ruffle ruffles
Ruffles are folds of cloth at the neck or the ends of the arms of a piece of clothing, or are sometimes sewn on things as a decoration.

- ...a white blouse with ruffles at the neck and cuffs.

N-COUNT: usu pl

6. ruffle
To ruffle someone's feathers means to cause them to become very angry, nervous, or upset.

- His direct, often abrasive approach will doubtless ruffle a few feathers.

- Politicians are usually careful not to ruffle the feathers of their constituents.

PHR: V inflects

ruffled

1. ruffled
Something that is ruffled is no longer smooth or neat.

- Her short hair was oddly ruffled and then flattened around her head.

ADJ-GRADED
= rumpled dishevelled

2. ruffled
Ruffled clothes are decorated with small folds of material.

- She was wearing a white ruffled blouse and a blue velvet skirt.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also ruffle .

ruffle

verb

1.

disarrange

dishevel

disorder

mess up

rumple

tousle

2.

annoy

agitate

fluster

irritate

nettle

peeve informal

upset

rug

[rʌɡ]

n.

小块地毯

rug **

1. rug rugs
A rug is a piece of thick material that you put on a floor. It is like a carpet but covers a smaller area.

- A Persian rug covered the hardwood floors.

N-COUNT

2. rug rugs
A rug is a small blanket which you use to cover your shoulders or your knees to keep them warm. (mainly BRIT)

- The old lady was seated in her chair at the window, a rug over her knees.

- ...a travel rug.

N-COUNT

3. rug
If someone pulls the rug from under a person or thing or pulls the rug from under someone's feet , they stop giving their help or support.

- If the banks opt to pull the rug from under the ill-fated project, it will go into liquidation.

PHR: V inflects
sweep something under the rug : see sweep .

rugby

[D.J.:ˈrʌɡbi]

[K.K.:ˈrʌɡbi]

n.

橄榄球运动

rugby ***

rugby
Rugby or rugby football is a game played by two teams using an oval ball. Players try to score points by carrying the ball to their opponents' end of the field, or by kicking it over a bar fixed between two posts.
N-UNCOUNT
= rugger

rugby tackle

1. rugby tackle rugby tackles
A rugby tackle is a way of making someone fall over by throwing your arms around their legs or hips.
N-COUNT

2. rugby tackle rugby tackles rugby tackling rugby tackled
To rugby tackle someone means to make them fall over by throwing your arms around their legs or hips.

- He rugby tackled her and stole her bag.

- He was rugby tackled by a policeman after breaking through police lines.

VB

rugged

[D.J.:ˈrʌgɪd]

[K.K.:ˈrʌɡɪd]

adj.

崎岖不平的, 多岩石的

健壮

ruggedly

[D.J.:ˈr ʌ gɪdlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈr ʌɡɪdlɪ]

adv.

险峻地

粗暴地

(面容)多皱纹地；粗线条地；粗犷地

ruggedness

[ˈrʌɡidnis]

n.

险峻,粗野

rugged *

1. rugged
A rugged area of land is uneven and covered with rocks, with few trees or plants. (LITERARY)

- We left the rough track and bumped our way over a rugged mountainous terrain.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. ruggedly

- ...a ruggedly beautiful wilderness.

ADV: ADV adj

3. ruggedness

- The island's ruggedness symbolises our history and the character of the people.

N-UNCOUNT

4. rugged
If you describe a man as rugged , you mean that he has strong, masculine features. (LITERARY)

- A look of pure disbelief crossed Shankly's rugged face.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

5. ruggedly

- He was six feet tall and ruggedly handsome.

ADV: ADV adj, ADV -ed

6. rugged
If you describe someone's character as rugged , you mean that they are strong and determined, and have the ability to cope with difficult situations.

- Rugged individualism forged America's frontier society.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

7. rugged
A rugged piece of equipment is strong and is designed to last a long time, even if it is treated roughly.

- The camera combines rugged reliability with unequalled optical performance and speed.

ADJ-GRADED

8. ruggedness

- The body is 90% titanium for ruggedness.

N-UNCOUNT

rugged

adjective

1.

rough

broken

bumpy

craggy

difficult

irregular

jagged

ragged

rocky

uneven

2.

strong-featured

rough-hewn

weather-beaten

3.

tough

brawny

burly

husky informal

muscular

robust

strong

sturdy

well-built

rugger

[D.J.:ˈrʌɡə]

[K.K.:ˈrʌɡɚ]

n.

英式橄榄球(运动)

rugger

rugger
Rugger is the same as rugby . (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- We played rugger together at College.

- ...a rugger match.

N-UNCOUNT
= rugby

ruin

[D.J.:ˈruin]

[K.K.:ˈruɪn]

vt.

破坏, 毁掉

使破产, 使沦落

n.

毁坏, 毁灭, 灭亡

完全丧失, 断送; 垮台(的原因)

破败、坍塌或毁坏的状态

废墟; 遗迹

ruined

[ˈru(:)ind]

adj.

毁灭的,荒废的

ruins

遗址

ruin ***

1. ruin ruins ruining ruined
To ruin something means to severely harm, damage, or spoil it.

- My wife was ruining her health through worry.

- Entire villages have been washed away. Roads and bridges have been destroyed and crops ruined.

VB
= destroy

2. ruin ruins ruining ruined
To ruin someone means to cause them to no longer have any money.

- She accused him of ruining her financially with his taste for the high life.

VB

3. ruin
Ruin is the state of no longer having any money.

- The farmers say recent inflation has driven them to the brink of ruin.

N-UNCOUNT

4. ruin
Ruin is the state of being severely damaged or spoiled, or the process of reaching this state.

- The vineyards were falling into ruin.

- She wasn't going to let her plans go to ruin.

N-UNCOUNT

5. ruin ruins
The ruins of something are the parts of it that remain after it has been severely damaged or weakened.

- The new Turkish republic he helped to build emerged from the ruins of a great empire.

- He stood very still, staring in at the ruins of his work.

N-PLURAL: the N of n

6. ruin ruins
The ruins of a building are the parts of it that remain after the rest has fallen down or been destroyed.

- One dead child was found in the ruins almost two hours after the explosion.

- There's only the mountain in this direction, and higher up an old ruin, an abandoned castle.

N-COUNT: usu pl

7. ruin
If something is in ruins , it is completely spoiled.

- Its heavily-subsidized economy is in ruins.

- This country was once proud of its education system. Now it seems to be in ruins.

PHR: oft v-link PHR

8. ruin
If a building or place is in ruins , most of it has been destroyed and only parts of it remain.

- The abbey was in ruins.

- Within Germany, the city of Berlin lay in ruins.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

ruined *

ruined
A ruined building or place has been very badly damaged or has gradually fallen down because no-one has taken care of it.

- ...a ruined church.

ADJ: ADJ n

ruin

verb

1.

destroy

crush

defeat

demolish

devastate

lay waste

smash

wreck

2.

bankrupt

impoverish

pauperize

3.

spoil

blow slang

botch

damage

make a mess of

mess up

screw up informal

noun

4.

destruction

breakdown

collapse

defeat

devastation

downfall

fall

undoing

wreck

5.

disrepair

decay

disintegration

ruination

wreckage

6.

bankruptcy

destitution

insolvency

ruination

[D.J.:ru(:)iˈneiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌruəˈneʃən]

n.

毁灭,灭亡

ruination

ruination
The ruination of someone or something is the act of ruining them or the process of being ruined.

- Money was the ruination of him.

- The clerics have brought ruination on our people.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

ruinous

[D.J.:ˈru:ənəs]

[K.K.:ˈruənəs]

adj.

<书> ①耗资巨大的;无法承担的

破坏性的;导致严重问题的;灾难性的

<正>(城镇、建筑等)破败的;严重受损的;已成废墟的

ruinously

adv.

ruinously

adv.

毁灭地,败坏地

ruinous

1. ruinous
If you describe the cost of something as ruinous , you mean that it costs far more money than you can afford or than is reasonable.

- Many Britons will still fear the potentially ruinous costs of their legal system.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. ruinously

- ...a ruinously expensive court case.

ADV: ADV adj

3. ruinous
A ruinous process or course of action is one that is likely to lead to ruin.

- The economy of the state is experiencing the ruinous effects of the conflict.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. ruinously

- ...cities ruinously choked by uncontrolled traffic.

ADV: usu ADV -ed

ruinous

adjective

1.

devastating

calamitous

catastrophic

destructive

dire

disastrous

shattering

2.

extravagant

crippling

immoderate

wasteful

rule

[D.J.:ru:l]

[K.K.:rul]

n.

规则, 规章, 规定, 条例

习惯; 惯常的做法

统治; 管理

尺, 折尺

vt. & vi.

统治; 控制

判定, 裁定

vt.

用尺子划; 在…上划平行线

ruled

[D.J.:ru:ld]

[K.K.:ruld]

adj.

(纸张)有平行线条的

rules

规程;规章;条例;守则

ruling

[D.J.:ˈru:lɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈrulɪŋ]

n.

裁定, 规定

rule *****

1. rule rules
Rules are instructions that tell you what you are allowed to do and what you are not allowed to do.

- ...a thirty-two-page pamphlet explaining the rules of basketball...

- Sikhs were expected to adhere strictly to the religious rules concerning appearance.

- Strictly speaking, this was against the rules.

- ...the amendment to Rule 22.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, N num

2. rule rules
A rule is a statement telling people what they should do in order to achieve success or a benefit of some kind.

- An important rule is to drink plenty of water during any flight.

- By and large, the rules for healthy eating are the same during pregnancy as at any other time.

N-COUNT: oft N for/of n

3. rule rules
The rules of something such as a language or a science are statements that describe the way that things usually happen in a particular situation.

- It is a rule of English that adjectives generally precede the noun they modify.

- ...according to the rules of quantum theory.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

4. rule
If something is the rule , it is the normal state of affairs.

- However, for many Americans today, weekend work has unfortunately become the rule rather than the exception.

N-SING: the N

5. rule rules ruling ruled
The person or group that rules a country controls its affairs.

- For four centuries, he says, foreigners have ruled Angola.

- He ruled for eight months.

- ...the long line of feudal lords who had ruled over this land.

VB

6. rule
Also a noun.

- ...demands for an end to one-party rule.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

7. rule rules ruling ruled
If something rules your life, it influences or restricts your actions in a way that is not good for you.

- Scientists have always been aware of how fear can rule our lives and make us ill.

VB

8. rule rules ruling ruled
When someone in authority rules that something is true or should happen, they state that they have officially decided that it is true or should happen. (FORMAL)

- The court ruled that laws passed by the assembly remained valid.

- The Israeli court has not yet ruled on the case.

- A provincial magistrates' court last week ruled it unconstitutional.

- Kenneth Clarke, the home secretary, ruled against her being allowed to stay in Britain.

VB
= pronounce

9. rule rules ruling ruled
If you rule a straight line, you draw it using something that has a straight edge.

- ...a ruled grid of horizontal and vertical lines.

VB

10. rule
If you say that something happens as a rule , you mean that it usually happens.

- As a rule, however, such attacks have been aimed at causing damage rather than taking life.

- As a general rule, burglars are wary about gaining entry from the front or side of a building.

PHR: PHR with cl
= generally usually

11. rule
If someone in authority bends the rules or stretches the rules , they do something even though it is against the rules.

- There happens to be a particular urgency in this case, and it would help if you could bend the rules.

PHR: V inflects

12. rule
A rule of thumb is a rule or principle that you follow which is not based on exact calculations, but rather on experience.

- A good rule of thumb is that a broker must generate sales of ten times his salary if his employer is to make a profit.

- As a rule of thumb, a cup of filter coffee contains about 80mg of caffeine.

PHR: rule inflects

13. rule
If workers work to rule , they protest by working according to the rules of their job without doing any extra work or taking any new decisions. (BRIT)

- Nurses are continuing to work to rule.

PHR: V inflects

ruling ***

1. ruling
The ruling group of people in a country or organization is the group that controls its affairs.

- ...the Mexican voters' growing dissatisfaction with the ruling party.

- ...the domination of the ruling class.

- ...the sport's ruling body, the International Cricket Council.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. ruling rulings
A ruling is an official decision made by a judge or court.

- Goodwin tried to have the court ruling overturned.

- She appealed against a High Court ruling that she should be forcibly fed to save her life.

N-COUNT: oft N that

3. ruling
Someone's ruling passion or emotion is the feeling they have most strongly, which influences their actions.

- Even my love of literary fame, my ruling passion, never soured my temper.

ADJ: ADJ n

rule

noun

1.

regulation

axiom

canon

decree

direction

guideline

law

maxim

precept

principle

tenet

2.

custom

convention

habit

practice

procedure

routine

tradition

3.

government

authority

command

control

dominion

jurisdiction

mastery

power

regime

reign

as a rule

4.

usually

generally

mainly

normally

on the whole

ordinarily

verb

5.

govern

be in authority

be in power

command

control

direct

reign

6.

be prevalent

be customary

predominate

preponderate

prevail

7.

decree

decide

judge

pronounce

settle

ruling

noun

1.

decision

adjudication

decree

judgment

pronouncement

verdict

adjective

2.

governing

commanding

controlling

reigning

3.

predominant

chief

dominant

main

pre-eminent

preponderant

prevailing

principal

rule out *****

1. rule out rules out; ruling out; ruled out
If you rule out a course of action, an idea, or a solution, you decide that it is impossible or unsuitable.

- The Prime Minister is believed to have ruled out cuts in child benefit or pensions.

- Local detectives have ruled out foul play.

PHR-V

2. rule out rules out; ruling out; ruled out
If something rules out a situation, it prevents it from happening or from being possible.

- A serious car accident in 1986 ruled out a permanent future for him in farming.

PHR-V

rule out of *****

rule out rules out; ruling out; ruled out
If someone rules you out of a contest or activity, they say that you cannot be involved in it. If something rules you out of a contest or activity, it prevents you from being involved in it.

- He has ruled himself out of the world championships next year in Stuttgart.

- A damaged hamstring has ruled him out of contention for Wednesday's international against Spain.

PHR-V

rule out

verb

exclude

ban

debar

dismiss

disqualify

eliminate

leave out

preclude

prohibit

reject

rule book

1. rule book rule books
A rule book is a book containing the official rules for a particular game, job, or organization.

- ...one of the most serious offences mentioned in the Party rule book.

N-COUNT

2. rule book rule books
If you say that someone is doing something by the rule book , you mean that they are doing it in the normal, accepted way.

- This was not the time to take risks; he knew he should play it by the rule book.

N-COUNT: the N

rule of law *

rule of law
The rule of law refers to a situation in which the people in a society obey its laws and enable it to function properly. (FORMAL)

- I am confident that we can restore peace, stability and respect for the rule of law.

N-SING: usu the N

ruler

[D.J.:ˈru:lə]

[K.K.:ˈrulɚ]

n.

尺, 直尺

统治者, 支配者

ruler **

1. ruler rulers
The ruler of a country is the person who rules the country.

- The former military ruler of Lesotho has been placed under house arrest.

- He was a weak-willed and indecisive ruler.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

2. ruler rulers
A ruler is a long flat piece of wood, metal, or plastic with straight edges marked in centimetres or inches. Rulers are used to measure things and to draw straight lines.
N-COUNT

ruler

noun

1.

governor

commander

controller

head of state

king or queen

leader

lord

monarch

potentate

sovereign

2.

measure

rule

yardstick

rum

[D.J.:rʌm]

[K.K.:rʌm]

n.

(用甘蔗酿造的)酒;朗姆酒

rum *

1. rum rums
Rum is an alcoholic drink made from sugar.

- ...a bottle of rum.

- ...a rum punch.

N-MASS

2. rum rums
A rum is a glass of rum.
N-COUNT

3. rum
If you describe people or things as rum , you mean that they are rather strange. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)

- It was a joke, of course, but surely a rum sort of joke?

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

rumba

[D.J.:ˈru:mbə]

[K.K.:ˈrʌmbə, ˈrʊm-, ˈrum-]

n.

伦巴舞(由古巴黑人民间舞蹈发展而成的一种交际舞)

vi.

跳伦巴舞

rumba

rumba rumbas
The rumba is a popular dance that comes from Cuba, or the music that the dance is performed to.
N-COUNT: oft the N

rumble

[D.J.:ˈrʌmbl]

[K.K.:ˈrʌmbəl]

n.

隆隆声, 辘辘声

vi.

发出隆隆声, 发出辘辘声

rumbling

[ˈrʌmbliŋ]

n.

隆隆声, 辘辘声

rumble *

1. rumble rumbles
A rumble is a low continuous noise.

- The silence of the night was punctuated by the distant rumble of traffic.

- The rain was teeming down and she thought she heard a rumble of thunder.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. rumble rumbles rumbling rumbled
If a vehicle rumbles somewhere, it moves slowly forward while making a low continuous noise.

- A bus rumbled along the road at the top of the path.

- A line of tractors rumbled onto the motorway through a cordon of police.

- The air reeked of kerosene and huge aircraft rumbled overhead.

VB

3. rumble rumbles
If you refer to the rumble of someone's voice, you mean their voice sounds very low, making it hard to hear exactly what they are saying.

- Rose's voice dropped and was interrupted by the rumble of Dagmar's.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

4. rumble rumbles rumbling rumbled
If something rumbles , it makes a low, continuous noise.

- The sky, swollen like a black bladder, rumbled and crackled.

- Speeches rumbled within the walls of the churches.

VB

5. rumble rumbles rumbling rumbled
If your stomach rumbles , it makes a vibrating noise, usually because you are hungry.

- Her stomach rumbled. She hadn't eaten any breakfast.

VB

6. rumble rumbles rumbling rumbled
If someone is rumbled , the truth about them or something they were trying to hide is discovered. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- When his fraud was rumbled he had just £20.17 in the bank.

VB: usu passive

rumbling *

1. rumbling rumblings
A rumbling is a low continuous noise.

- ...the rumbling of an empty stomach...

- Our peace was soon shattered by loud rumblings and explosions like cannon fire.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. rumbling rumblings
Rumblings are signs that a bad situation is developing or that people are becoming annoyed or unhappy.

- Even Bayldon had become aware that there were rumblings of discontent within the ranks.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N prep

rumble on *

rumble on rumbles on; rumbling on; rumbled on
If you say that something such as an argument rumbles on , you mean that it continues for a long time after it should have been settled. (BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- And still the row rumbles on over who is to blame for the steadily surging crime statistics.

- The scandal surrounding the collapse of the bank looked set to rumble on for a third year.

PHR-V
= drag on

rumbustious

[D.J.:rəmˈbʌstʃəs]

[K.K.:rʌmˈbʌstʃəs]

adj.

喧闹的

rumbustious

rumbustious
A rumbustious person is energetic in a cheerful, noisy way. (BRIT; in AM use rambunctious )

- ...the flamboyant and somewhat rumbustious prime minister.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= boisterous

ruminate

[D.J.:ˈru:məˌneɪt]

[K.K.:ˈruməˌnet]

vi.

沉思,反复考虑

反刍,倒嚼

rumination

n.

ruminative

adj.

rumination

[D.J.:ˌru:məˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌruməˈneʃən]

n.

反刍,沉思

ruminative

[D.J.:ˈru:mɪnətɪv]

[K.K.:ˈruməˌnetɪv]

adj.

沉思的,默想的;爱反复思考的

ruminate

1. ruminate ruminates ruminating ruminated
If you ruminate on something, you think about it very carefully. (FORMAL)

- He ruminated on the terrible wastage that typified American life.

- Obsessional personalities commonly ruminate excessively about death.

VB
= ponder

2. ruminate ruminates ruminating ruminated
When animals ruminate , they bring food back from their stomach into their mouth and chew it again. (TECHNICAL)

- He wanted to have a look at the two oxen, both ruminating without raising their eyes.

VB

ruminate

verb

ponder

cogitate

consider

contemplate

deliberate

mull over

muse

reflect

think

turn over in one's mind

rumination

rumination ruminations
Your ruminations are your careful thoughts about something. (FORMAL)

- Many of Vasari's ruminations on the subject are not always to be believed.

- ...profound ruminations about life.

N-COUNT: oft with poss
= thoughts

ruminatively

adv.

沉思默想地,反复思考地

ruminative

1. ruminative
If you are ruminative , you are thinking very deeply and carefully about something. (FORMAL)

- He was uncharacteristically depressed and ruminative.

ADJ
= thoughtful

2. ruminatively

- He smiles and swirls the ice ruminatively around his almost empty glass.

ADV: ADV with v

rummage

[D.J.:ˈrʌmidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈrʌmɪdʒ]

n.

翻找, 搜寻

vi.

翻找, 搜寻

rummage *

1. rummage rummages rummaging rummaged
If you rummage through something, you search for something you want by moving things around in a careless or hurried way.

- They rummage through piles of second-hand clothes for something that fits.

- Marianne went to rummage in the refrigerator.

VB
= root

2. rummage
Also a noun.

- A brief rummage will provide several pairs of gloves.

- ...a rummage through his wardrobe for some tennis whites.

N-SING: a N

3. rummage about; rummages about; rummaging about; rummaged about
Rummage about and rummage around mean the same as rummage .

- I opened the fridge and rummaged about.

- He rummaged around the post room and found the document.

PHR-V

4. rummage
Rummage is old or unwanted things that people give away to charities. (AM; in BRIT use jumble )

- ...loads of pitiful rummage.

N-UNCOUNT

rummage

verb

search

delve

forage

hunt

ransack

root

rummage sale

rummage sale rummage sales
A rummage sale is a sale of cheap used goods that is usually held to raise money for charity. (AM; in BRIT use jumble sale )
N-COUNT

rummy

[D.J.:ˈrʌmi]

[K.K.:ˈrʌmi]

adj.

甜酒的,奇妙的,危险的

n.

酒鬼,拉米纸牌戏(基本玩法是组成三四张同点的套牌或不少于三张的同花顺)

rummy

rummy
Rummy is a card game in which players try to collect cards of the same value or cards in a sequence in the same suit.
N-UNCOUNT

rumour

[D.J.:ˈru:mə]

[K.K.:ˈrumɚ]

n.

传闻, 风闻; 谣言, 谣传

rumour ***

rumour rumours
A rumour is a story or piece of information that may or may not be true, but that people are talking about.

- Simon denied rumours that he was planning to visit Bulgaria later this month.

- There have been persistent rumours of quarrels within the movement.

- There's a strange rumour going around at the moment about Peter.

N-VAR: oft N that, N of/about n (AM) rumor

rumour

noun

story

buzz

dirt U.S. slang

gossip

hearsay

news

report

talk

whisper

word

rumoured

[D.J.:ˈru:məd]

adj.

传说的, 谣传的

rumoured *

rumoured
If something is rumoured to be the case, people are suggesting that it is the case, but they do not know for certain.

- Her parents are rumoured to be on the verge of splitting up.

- It was rumoured that he had been interned in an asylum for a while.

- ...his rumoured relationship with a young singer.

V-PASSIVE (AM) rumored
= be said

rumour mill

rumour mill rumour mills
You can refer to the people in a particular place or profession who spread rumours as the rumour mill . (mainly JOURNALISM)

- The Washington rumour mill suggests that the president secured his narrow majority only by promising all sorts of concessions.

N-COUNT: oft the N (AM) rumor mill

rumour-monger

rumour-monger rumour-mongers
If you call someone a rumour-monger , you disapprove of the fact that they spread rumours.
N-COUNT (AM) rumormonger disapproval

rump

[D.J.:rʌmp]

[K.K.:rʌmp]

n.

(兽的)臀部;(鸟的)尾部;(人的)臀部

牛臀肉

残余部分;渣滓

余党

rump *

1. rump
The rump of a group, organization, or country consists of the members who remain in it after the rest have left. (mainly BRIT)

- The rump of the party does in fact still have considerable assets.

- He finds himself heading a rump party largely out of tune with his own views.

N-SING: with supp

2. rump rumps
An animal's rump is its rear end.

- The cows' rumps were marked with their owner's initials and a number.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

3. rump
Rump or rump steak is meat cut from the rear end of a cow.
N-UNCOUNT

4. rump rumps
A person's rump is his or her bottom.

- ...jeans stretching across her rump.

N-COUNT: usu sing

rump

noun

buttocks

backside informal

bottom

bum Brit. slang

buns U.S. slang

butt U.S. & Canad. informal

derrière euphemistic

hindquarters

posterior

rear

rear end

seat

rumple

[D.J.:ˈrʌmpəl]

[K.K.:ˈrʌmpəl]

vt. & vi.

弄皱,使凌乱

n.

褶纹，皱褶

rumple

rumple rumples rumpling rumpled
If you rumple someone's hair, you move your hand backwards and forwards through it as your way of showing affection to them.

- I leaned forward to rumple his hair, but he jerked out of the way.

VB
= ruffle

rumpled

rumpled
Rumpled means creased or untidy.

- I hurried to the tent and grabbed a few clean, if rumpled, clothes.

- ...a sprawl of white, rumpled sheets...

- He arrived, somewhat rumpled and unshaven.

ADJ-GRADED
= crumpled

rumpus

[D.J.:ˈrʌmpəs]

[K.K.:ˈrʌmpəs]

n.

<口>喧嚣,吵闹

rumpus

rumpus rumpuses
If someone or something causes a rumpus , they cause a lot of noise or argument.

- He had actually left the company a year before the rumpus started.

N-COUNT

rumpus

noun

commotion

disturbance

furore

fuss

hue and cry

noise

row

uproar

run across *****

run across runs across; running across; ran across
If you run across someone or something, you meet them or find them unexpectedly.

- We ran across some old friends in the village.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= come across

run across

verb

meet

bump into

come across

encounter

run into

run after *****

run after runs after; running after; ran after
If you are running after someone, you are trying to start a relationship with them, usually a sexual relationship.

- By the time she was fifteen Maria was already running after men twice her age.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb disapproval

run along *****

run along runs along; running along; ran along
If you tell a child to run along , you mean that you want them to go away. (INFORMAL)

- Run along now and play for a bit.

PHR-V: usu imper The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

run around *****

run around runs around; running around; ran around
If you run around , you go to a lot of places and do a lot of things, often in a rushed or disorganized way.

- No one noticed we had been running around emptying bins and cleaning up.

- I spend all day running around after the family.

- Jackie was running around with all these brilliant people.

- I will not have you running around the countryside without my authority.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

run away *****

1. run away runs away; running away; ran away
If you run away from a place, you leave it because you are unhappy there.

- I ran away from home when I was sixteen.

- After his beating Colin ran away and hasn't been heard of since.

- Three years ago I ran away to Mexico to live with a circus.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

2. run away runs away; running away; ran away
If you run away with someone, you secretly go away with them in order to live with them or marry them.

- She ran away with a man called McTavish last year.

- He and I were always planning to run away together.

PHR-V-RECIP The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= run off

3. run away runs away; running away; ran away
If you run away from something unpleasant or new, you try to avoid dealing with it or thinking about it.

- They run away from the problem, hoping it will disappear of its own accord.

- You can't run away for ever.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

run away with *****

1. run away runs away; running away; ran away
If you let your imagination or your emotions run away with you, you fail to control them and cannot think sensibly.

- You're letting your imagination run away with you.

- Radford sometimes allows his enthusiasm to run away with him.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

2. run away runs away; running away; ran away
If someone runs away with a competition, race, or prize, they win it easily.

- Theresa Zabell ran away with the women's gold medal.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

3. run away runs away; running away; ran away
If you run away with a particular idea, you accept it without thinking about it carefully, even though it is wrong.

- It's very easy for us to run away with the idea that we can control everything.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

run away

verb

flee

abscond

bolt

do a runner slang

escape

fly the coop U.S. & Canad. informal

make a run for it

scram informal

take to one's heels

run by *****

run by runs by; running by; ran by
If you run something by someone, you tell them about it or mention it, to see if they think it is a good idea, or can understand it.

- I'm definitely interested, but I'll have to run it by Larry Estes.

- Run that by me again.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= run past

run down *****

1. run down runs down; running down; ran down
If you run people or things down , you criticize them strongly.

- He last night denounced the British `genius for running ourselves down'.

- ...that chap who was running down state schools.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= criticize

2. run down runs down; running down; ran down
If people run down an industry or an organization, they deliberately reduce its size or the amount of work that it does. (mainly BRIT)

- The government is cynically running down Sweden's welfare system.

- The property business could be sold or run down.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

3. run down runs down; running down; ran down
If someone runs down an amount of something, they reduce it or allow it to decrease. (mainly BRIT)

- But the survey also revealed firms were running down stocks instead of making new products.

- Its $25m reserve fund had been run down to around $8m.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= reduce

4. run down runs down; running down; ran down
If a vehicle or its driver runs someone down , the vehicle hits them and injures them.

- Lozano claimed that motorcycle driver Clement Lloyd was trying to run him down.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= knock down run over

5. run down runs down; running down; ran down
If a machine or device runs down , it gradually loses power or works more slowly.

- The batteries are running down.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

6. run in runs in; running in; ran in
To run someone in means to arrest them or to take them to the police. (INFORMAL)

- Kenworthy had run him in on a petty charge.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

run down

verb

1.

criticize

bad-mouth slang chiefly U.S. & Canad.

belittle

decry

denigrate

disparage

knock informal

rubbish informal

slag (off) slang

2.

reduce

curtail

cut

cut back

decrease

downsize

trim

3.

knock down

hit

knock over

run into

run over

4.

weaken

debilitate

exhaust

run into *****

1. run into runs into; running into; ran into
If you run into problems or difficulties, you unexpectedly begin to experience them.

- Wang agreed to sell IBM systems last year after it ran into financial problems.

- But the government's plans have run into strong opposition from civil rights campaigners.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= encounter

2. run into runs into; running into; ran into
If you run into someone, you meet them unexpectedly.

- He ran into Krettner in the corridor a few minutes later.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= meet bump into

3. run into runs into; running into; ran into
If a vehicle runs into something, it accidentally hits it.

- The driver failed to negotiate a bend and ran into a tree.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= crash into hit

4. run into runs into; running into; ran into
You use run into when indicating that the cost or amount of something is very great.

- He said companies should face punitive civil penalties running into millions of pounds.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= amount to

run into

verb

1.

meet

bump into

come across or upon

encounter

run across

2.

hit

collide with

strike

run off *****

1. run off runs off; running off; ran off
If you run off with someone, you secretly go away with them in order to live with them or marry them.

- The last thing I'm going to do is run off with somebody's husband.

- We could run off together, but neither of us wants to live the rest of our lives abroad.

PHR-V-RECIP The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= run away

2. run off runs off; running off; ran off
If you run off copies of a piece of writing, you produce them using a machine.

- If you want to run off a copy sometime today, you're welcome to.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

run off

verb

flee

bolt

do a runner slang

escape

fly the coop U.S. & Canad. informal

make off

run away

take flight

take to one's heels

run out *****

1. run out runs out; running out; ran out
If you run out of something, you have no more of it left.

- They have run out of ideas.

- We're running out of time.

- By now the plane was running out of fuel.

- We had lots before but now we've run out.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
to run out of steam : see steam .

2. run out runs out; running out; ran out
If something runs out , it becomes used up so that there is no more left.

- Conditions are getting worse and supplies are running out.

- Time is running out.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

3. run out runs out; running out; ran out
When a legal document runs out , it stops being valid.

- When the lease ran out the family moved to Campigny.

- ...the day my visa ran out.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= expire

run out on *****

run out runs out; running out; ran out
If someone runs out on you, they go away and abandon you, leaving you with problems.

- You can't run out on my wife and me like that.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= abandon

run out

verb

be used up

be exhausted

dry up

end

fail

finish

give out

run over *****

run over runs over; running over; ran over
If a vehicle or its driver runs a person or animal over , it knocks them down or drives over them.

- You can always run him over and make it look like an accident.

- He ran over a six-year-old child as he was driving back from a party.

- ...if I were ever run over by a bus.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= knock down run down

run over

verb

1.

knock down

hit

knock over

run down

2.

go through

check

go over

rehearse

run through

run past *****

run past runs past; running past; ran past
To run something past someone means the same as to run it by them.

- Before agreeing, he ran the idea past Johnson.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

run through *****

1. run through runs through; running through; ran through
If you run through a list of items, you read or mention all the items quickly.

- I ran through the options with him.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= go through

2. run through runs through; running through; ran through
If you run through a performance or a series of actions, you practise it.

- Doug stood still while I ran through the handover procedure.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= go through

run to *****

1. run to runs to; running to; ran to
If you run to someone, you go to them for help or to tell them something.

- What would I do? Whom would I run to? Momma was still away.

- If you were at a party and somebody was getting high, you didn't go running to a cop.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

2. run to runs to; running to; ran to
If something runs to a particular amount or size, it is that amount or size.

- The finished manuscript ran to the best part of fifty double-sided pages.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= amount to

3. run to runs to; running to; ran to
If you cannot run to a particular item, you cannot afford to buy it or pay for it. (mainly BRIT)

- The entire set retails at just over £100. If you can't run to that, consider the recording of Wolf's complete Spanish Songbook.

PHR-V: with brd-neg The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= afford

4. run to runs to; running to; ran to
If your tastes or interests run to a particular type of thing, that is the type of thing you like.

- My own tastes run to a comfortable apartment, somewhere high in a modern building.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

run up *****

run up runs up; running up; ran up
If someone runs up bills or debts, they acquire them by buying a lot of things or borrowing money.

- He ran up a £1,400 bill at the Britannia Adelphi Hotel, saying the club would pay.

- Many ran up huge debts as they spent millions to buy foreign players..

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb

run up against *****

run up runs up; running up; ran up
If you run up against problems, you suddenly begin to experience them.

- I ran up against the problem of getting taken seriously long before I became a writer.

- He ran up against a solid wall of opposition when it came to the sensitive issue of party privileges.

PHR-V The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb
= encounter

runabout

[D.J.:ˈrʌnəˌbaʊt]

[K.K.:ˈrʌnəˌbaʊt]

n.

轻便汽车,小型单座敞篷车,流浪者

adj.

流浪的

runabout

1. runabout runabouts
A runabout is a small car used mainly for short journeys. In American English, runabout is used of cars with open tops.

- ...a small 1-litre runabout.

N-COUNT

2. runabout runabouts
A runabout is a small, light boat with a motor. (AM)
N-COUNT

runaround

[D.J.:ˈrʌnəˌraund]

[K.K.:ˈrʌnəˌraʊnd]

n.

借口,遁词

runaround

runaround
If someone gives you the runaround , they deliberately do not give you all the information or help that you want, and send you to another person or place to get it. (INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects also run-around .

runaway

[D.J.:ˈrʌnəˌweɪ]

[K.K.:ˈrʌnəˌwe]

adj.

失去控制的

runaway *

1. runaway
You use runaway to describe a situation in which something increases or develops very quickly and cannot be controlled.

- Our Grand Sale in June was a runaway success.

- ...a runaway best-seller.

- ...in an era of runaway inflation.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. runaway runaways
A runaway is someone, especially a child, who leaves home without telling anyone or without permission.

- ...a teenage runaway.

- ...a runaway slave.

N-COUNT: oft N n

3. runaway
A runaway vehicle or animal is moving forward quickly, and its driver or rider has lost control of it.

- The runaway car careered into a bench, hitting an elderly couple.

- The narrative pulls you along like a runaway train.

- ...a runaway horse.

ADJ: ADJ n

runaway

noun

1.

fugitive

deserter

escapee

refugee

truant

adjective

2.

escaped

fleeing

fugitive

loose

wild

run-down

[D.J.:ˈrʌnˌdaʊn]

[K.K.:ˈrʌnˌdaʊn]

adj.

(钟、表等)发条走完的;(电池)耗尽的

精疲力竭的;衰弱的

失修的;破败的;衰败的

run-down *

1. run-down
If someone is run-down , they are tired or slightly ill. (INFORMAL)

- When 23-year-old Marilyn Brown started to feel run-down last December, it never occurred to her that she could have tuberculosis.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ The spelling rundown is also used.
= under the weather

2. run-down
A run-down building or area is in very poor condition.

- They have put substantial funds into rebuilding one of the most run-down areas in Scotland.

- ...a run-down block of flats.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n The spelling rundown is also used.

3. run-down
A run-down place of business is not as active as it used to be or does not have many customers.

- ...a run-down slate quarry...

- He bought a run-down television station.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n The spelling rundown is also used.

4. run-down
When the run-down of an industry or organization takes place, its size or the amount of work that it does is reduced. (mainly BRIT)

- ...the impetus behind the rundown of the coal industry.

N-SING: N of n The spelling rundown is also used.

5. run-down
If you give someone a run-down of a group of things or a run-down on something, you give them details about it. (INFORMAL)

- Here's a rundown of the options.

- This full-colour supplement includes full race details, plus a comprehensive run-down on all the British hopefuls.

N-SING: usu N of/on n The spelling rundown is also used.

run-down

adjective

1.

exhausted

below par

debilitated

drained

enervated

unhealthy

weak

weary

worn-out

2.

dilapidated

broken-down

decrepit

ramshackle

seedy

shabby

worn-out

rune

[D.J.:ru:n]

[K.K.:run]

n.

古代北欧使用的文字,诗歌

rune *

rune runes
Runes are letters from an alphabet that was used by people in Northern Europe in former times. They were carved on wood or stone and were believed to have magical powers.
N-COUNT

run-in

[D.J.:ˈrʌnˌɪn]

[K.K.:ˈrʌnˌɪn]

n.

口角,试车,插入部分,平行式

run-in **

1. run-in run-ins
A run-in is an argument or quarrel with someone. (INFORMAL)

- I had a monumental run-in with him a couple of years ago.

N-COUNT: oft N with n
= row

2. run-in
The run-in to a sporting event is the period of time or series of matches leading up to it. (BRIT)

- If Bob is at his best, we'll be able to win the most difficult game of our run-in.

N-SING

runner

[D.J.:ˈrʌnə]

[K.K.:ˈrʌnɚ]

n.

跑步的人

滑行装置, 滑道

do a runner

(常指干了坏事以后)逃走，溜掉

runners

页边行数;滑行装置

runner ***

1. runner runners
A runner is a person who runs, especially for sport or pleasure.

- ...a marathon runner...

- I am a very keen runner and am out training most days.

N-COUNT

2. runner runners
The runners in a horse race are the horses taking part.

- There are 18 runners in the top race of the day.

N-COUNT

3. runner runners
A drug runner or gun runner is someone who illegally takes drugs or guns into a country.
N-COUNT: n N

4. runner runners
Someone who is a runner for a particular person or company is employed to take messages, collect money, or do other small tasks for them.

- ...a bookie's runner.

N-COUNT

5. runner runners
Runners are thin strips of wood or metal underneath something which help it to move smoothly.

- ...the runners of his sled.

N-COUNT: usu pl

6. runner runners
On a plant, runners are long shoots that grow from the main stem and put down roots to form a new plant.

- ...strawberry runners.

N-COUNT: usu pl

7. runner runners
A runner is a long narrow mat that is put on a piece of furniture or on the floor.
N-COUNT

8. runner
If someone does a runner , they leave a place in a hurry, for example in order to escape arrest or to avoid paying for something. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- At this point, the accountant did a runner -- with all my bank statements, expenses and receipts.

PHR: V inflects
= do a bunk

runner

noun

1.

athlete

jogger

sprinter

2.

messenger

courier

dispatch bearer

errand boy

runner bean

runner bean runner beans
Runner beans are long green beans that are eaten as a vegetable. They grow on a tall climbing plant and are the cases that contain the seeds of the plant. (BRIT; in AM use pole beans or scarlet runners )
N-COUNT: usu pl
= string bean

runner-up

[D.J.:ˌrʌnəˈʌp]

[K.K.:ˌrʌnɚˈʌp]

n.

(竞赛中的)第二名,亚军

runner-up **

runner-up runners-up
A runner-up is someone who has finished in second place in a race or competition.

- The ten runners-up will receive a case of wine.

- ...Paul Azinger, the American who was runner-up to Faldo at Muirfield in 1987.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

-running

-running
-running combines with nouns to form nouns which refer to the illegal importing of drugs or guns.

- ...a serviceman suspected of drug-running.

COMB in N-UNCOUNT

running battle

running battle running battles
When two groups of people fight a running battle , they keep attacking each other in various parts of a place.

- They fought running battles in the narrow streets with police.

N-COUNT
≠ pitched battle

running commentary

running commentary running commentaries
If someone provides a running commentary on an event, they give a continuous description of it while it is taking place.

- John gave the police control room a running commentary on the driver's antics as he followed him at 90mph.

N-COUNT

running costs

1. running costs
The running costs of a business are the amount of money that is regularly spent on things such as salaries, heating, lighting, and rent.

- The aim is to cut running costs by £90 million per year.

N-PLURAL
= overheads

2. running costs
The running costs of a device such as a heater or a fridge are the amount of money that you spend on the gas, electricity, or other type of energy that it uses.

- Always buy a heater with thermostat control to save on running costs.

N-PLURAL

running mate *

running mate running mates
In an election campaign, a candidate's running mate is the person that they have chosen to help them in the election. If the candidate wins, the running mate will become the second most important person after the winner. (mainly AM)

- ...Clinton's selection of Al Gore as his running mate.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

running order

running order
The running order of the items in a broadcast, concert, or show is the order in which the items will come.

- John had seemed a little surprised that we had reversed the running order.

N-SING: usu the N

running time

running time running times
The running time of something such as a film, video, or CD is the time it takes to play from start to finish.
N-COUNT

runny

[D.J.:ˈrʌni:]

[K.K.:ˈrʌni]

adj.

流鼻涕的, 流泪的, 流水的

runny *

1. runny runnier runniest
Something that is runny is more liquid than usual or than was intended.

- Warm the honey until it becomes runny.

- ...a runny soft cheese.

ADJ-GRADED

2. runny runnier runniest
If someone has a runny nose or runny eyes, liquid is flowing from their nose or eyes.

- Symptoms are streaming eyes, a runny nose, headache and a cough.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

runny

adjective

flowing

fluid

liquefied

liquid

melted

watery

run-off

[D.J.:ˈrʌnˌɔ:f, -ˌɔf]

[K.K.:ˈrʌnˌɔf, -ˌɑf]

n.

(最后一次)决赛,决定性竞选,〈美〉流走之物

run-off

1. run-off run-offs
A run-off is an extra vote or contest which is held in order to decide the winner of an election or competition, because no-one has yet clearly won.

- There will be a run-off between these two candidates on December 9th.

- He claimed the title after beating the American Sean Moran in a run-off at Bradford.

- ...next month's presidential runoff election.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N between pl-n also runoff .

2. run-off
Run-off is rainwater that forms a stream rather than being absorbed by the ground.

- The sewers collected sewage and storm runoff and discharged it, untreated, into the harbour.

- ...runoff water flashing down a gully.

N-UNCOUNT also runoff .

run-of-the-mill

[D.J.:ˈrʌnəvðəˈmɪl]

[K.K.:ˈrʌnəvðəˈmɪl]

adj.

非选拔的

run-of-the-mill

run-of-the-mill
A run-of-the-mill person or thing is very ordinary, with no special or interesting features.

- I was just a very average run-of-the-mill kind of student.

- For many they clearly represent an alternative to run-of-the-mill estate cars.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also run of the mill . disapproval
= ordinary

run-of-the-mill

adjective

ordinary

average

bog-standard Brit. & Irish slang

mediocre

middling

passable

tolerable

undistinguished

unexceptional

runt

[D.J.:rʌnt]

[K.K.:rʌnt]

n.

发育不全的矮小动物,矮子

runt

1. runt runts
The runt of a group of animals born to the same mother at the same time is the smallest and weakest of them.

- Animals reject the runt of the litter.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. runt runts
You call a small person a runt when you are annoyed with them and are expressing your dislike for them. (BRIT, INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)

- You little runt!.

- My research owes nothing to anybody, least of all to a little runt like you.

N-COUNT disapproval

run-through

[D.J.:ˈrʌnˌθru:]

[K.K.:ˈrʌnˌθru]

n.

贯通,从头到尾读一遍

run-through

run-through run-throughs
A run-through for a show or event is a practice for it.

- Charles and Eddie are getting ready for their final run-through before the evening's recording.

N-COUNT
= rehearsal

run-up

[D.J.:ˈrʌnˌʌp]

[K.K.:ˈrʌnˌʌp]

n.

抬高,将引擎加速使热以供试验;〈英〉事件的前奏曲,预备阶段

run-up **

1. run-up
The run-up to an event is the period of time just before it. (mainly BRIT)

- The issue of the monarchy is complicating politics in the run-up to the elections.

- The company believes the products will sell well in the run-up to Christmas.

N-SING: usu the N to n

2. run-up run-ups
In sport, a run-up is the run made by a player or athlete, for example before throwing a ball or a javelin, or before jumping.

- When I began to compete again, I was struggling with my run-up.

N-COUNT

runway

[D.J.:ˈrʌnwei]

[K.K.:ˈrʌnˌwe]

n.

(机场的)跑道

runway *

runway runways
At an airport, the runway is the long strip of ground with a hard surface which an aeroplane takes off from or lands on.

- The plane started taxiing down the runway.

N-COUNT: usu the N

rupee

[D.J.:ru:ˈpi:]

[K.K.:ruˈpi, ˈrupi]

n.

(印度、巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡等国的货币单位)卢比

rupee *

rupee rupees
A rupee is a unit of money that is used in India, Pakistan, and some other countries.

- He earns 20 rupees a day.

N-COUNT

rupture

[D.J.:ˈrʌptʃə]

[K.K.:ˈrʌptʃɚ]

n.

破裂, 裂开; 决裂, 断绝

vt. & vi.

(使)破裂

ruptured

破裂的

rupture *

1. rupture ruptures
A rupture is a severe injury in which an internal part of your body tears or bursts open, especially the part between the bowels and the abdomen.
N-COUNT

2. rupture ruptures rupturing ruptured
If a person or animal ruptures a part of their body or if it ruptures , it tears or bursts open.

- His stomach might rupture from all the acid.

- Whilst playing badminton, I ruptured my Achilles tendon.

- ...a ruptured appendix.

V-ERG

3. rupture ruptures rupturing ruptured
If you rupture yourself, you rupture a part of your body, usually because you have lifted something heavy.

- He ruptured himself playing football.

VB

4. rupture ruptures rupturing ruptured
If an object ruptures or if something ruptures it, it bursts open.

- Certain truck gasoline tanks can rupture and burn in a collision.

- Sloshing liquids can rupture the walls of their containers.

V-ERG
= burst

5. rupture ruptures
If there is a rupture between people, relations between them get much worse or end completely.

- The incidents have not yet caused a major rupture in the political ties between countries.

- ...a rupture of the family unit.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

6. rupture ruptures rupturing ruptured
If someone or something ruptures relations between people, they damage them, causing them to become worse or to end.

- Brutal clashes in Berlin between squatters and police yesterday ruptured the city's governing coalition between Social Democrats and Greens.

VB
= damage

rupture

noun

1.

break

breach

burst

crack

fissure

rent

split

tear

verb

2.

break

burst

crack

separate

sever

split

tear

rural

[D.J.:ˈruərəl]

[K.K.:ˈrʊrəl]

adj.

农村的

rural ***

1. rural
Rural places are far away from large towns or cities.

- These plants have a tendency to grow in the more rural areas.

- ...the closure of rural schools.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ urban

2. rural
Rural means having features which are typical of areas that are far away from large towns or cities.

- ...the old rural way of life...

- He spoke with a heavy rural accent.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

rural

adjective

rustic

agricultural

country

pastoral

sylvan

ruse

[D.J.:ru:s, ru:z]

[K.K.:rus, ruz]

n.

诡计, 计策

ruse *

ruse ruses
A ruse is an action or plan which is intended to deceive someone. (FORMAL)

- It is now clear that this was a ruse to divide them.

N-COUNT

ruse

noun

trick

device

dodge

hoax

manoeuvre

ploy

stratagem

subterfuge

rush

[D.J.:rʌʃ]

[K.K.:rʌʃ]

vt. & vi.

(使)急速行进; 仓促完成

vt.

催促

n.

冲, 奔

繁忙的活动

大量急需

rushed

adj.

匆忙的,贸然的

rushes

(电影)工作样片,毛片

rushing

[ˈrʌʃiθ]

adj.

急流的,旺盛的

rush ***

1. rush rushes rushing rushed
If you rush somewhere, you go there quickly.

- A schoolgirl rushed into a burning flat to save a man's life.

- Someone inside the building rushed out.

- I've got to rush. Got a meeting in a few minutes.

- Shop staff rushed to get help.

VB
= dash hurry

2. rush rushes rushing rushed
If people rush to do something, they do it as soon as they can, because they are very eager to do it.

- Russian banks rushed to buy as many dollars as they could.

- Before you rush to book a table, bear in mind that lunch for two would cost £ 150.

VB
= hurry

3. rush
A rush is a situation in which you need to go somewhere or do something very quickly.

- The men left in a rush.

- It was all rather a rush.

- Then there was the mad rush not to be late for school.

N-SING

4. rush
If there is a rush for something, many people suddenly try to get it or do it.

- Record stores are expecting a huge rush for the single.

- ...the rush for contracts.

N-SING: usu N for n

5. rush
The rush is a period of time when many people go somewhere or do something.

- The shop's opening coincided with the Christmas rush.

- Apply before the rush starts.

- ...the annual rush to the beaches.

N-SING: the N, oft supp N

6. rush rushes rushing rushed
If you rush something, you do it in a hurry, often too quickly and without much care.

- You can't rush a search.

- Chew your food well and do not rush meals.

- Instead of rushing at life, I wanted something more meaningful.

VB

7. rushed

- The report had all the hallmarks of a rushed job.

ADJ-GRADED

8. rush rushes rushing rushed
If you rush someone or something to a place, you take them there quickly.

- We got an ambulance and rushed her to hospital.

- Federal agents rushed him into a car.

- We'll rush it round today if possible.

VB

9. rush rushes rushing rushed
If you rush into something or are rushed into it, you do it without thinking about it for long enough.

- He will not rush into any decisions.

- They had rushed in without adequate appreciation of the task.

- Ministers won't be rushed into a response.

- Don't rush him or he'll become confused.

V-ERG

10. rushed

- At no time did I feel rushed or under pressure.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

11. rush rushes rushing rushed
If you rush something or someone, you move quickly and forcefully at them, often in order to attack them.

- They rushed the entrance and forced their way in.

- Tom came rushing at him from another direction.

VB

12. rush rushes rushing rushed
If air or liquid rushes somewhere, it flows there suddenly and quickly.

- Water rushes out of huge tunnels.

- The air was rushing past us all the time.

- ...the sound of rushing water.

VB

13. rush rushes
Also a noun.

- A rush of air on my face woke me.

- ...the perpetual rush of the mill stream.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

14. rush rushes
If you experience a rush of a feeling, you suddenly experience it very strongly.

- A rush of pure affection swept over him.

- He felt a sudden rush of panic at the thought.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

15. rush rushes
Rushes are plants with long thin stems that grow near water.
N-PLURAL

16. rush rushes
In film-making, the rushes of a film are the parts of it that have been filmed but have not yet been edited. (TECHNICAL)
N-PLURAL

17. rush
If you are rushed off your feet , you are extremely busy. (INFORMAL)

- We used to be rushed off our feet at lunchtimes.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

rush

verb

1.

hurry

bolt

career

dash

fly

hasten

race

run

shoot

speed

tear

2.

push

hurry

hustle

press

3.

attack

charge

storm

noun

4.

hurry

charge

dash

haste

race

scramble

stampede

surge

5.

attack

assault

charge

onslaught

adjective

6.

hasty

fast

hurried

quick

rapid

swift

urgent

rush out ***

rush out rushes out; rushing out; rushed out
If a document or product is rushed out , it is produced very quickly.

- A statement was rushed out.

- Studios are rushing out monster movies to take advantage of our new-found enthusiasm for dinosaurs.

PHR-V

rush through ***

rush through rushes through; rushing through; rushed through
If you rush something through , you deal with it quickly so that it is ready in a shorter time than usual.

- The government rushed through legislation aimed at Mafia leaders.

- They rushed the burial through so no evidence would show up.

PHR-V

rush hour *

rush hour rush hours
The rush hour is one of the periods of the day when most people are travelling to or from work.

- During the evening rush hour it was often solid with vehicles.

- Try to avoid rush-hour traffic.

- I had to drive eight miles at rush hour.

N-COUNT: also at/during N also rush-hour .

rusk

[D.J.:rʌsk]

[K.K.:rʌsk]

n.

甜面包干,一片甜面包干

rusk

rusk rusks
Rusks are hard, dry biscuits that are given to babies and young children. (mainly BRIT)
N-VAR

russet

[D.J.:ˈrʌsit]

[K.K.:ˈrʌsɪt]

adj.

黄褐色的,赤褐色的

n.

赤褐色

russet

russet russets
Russet is used to describe things that are reddish-brown in colour.

- ...a russet apple...

- The maple trees were in their autumn glory of russets, reds and browns.

COLOUR

Russian

[D.J.:ˈrʌʃən]

[K.K.:ˈrʌʃən]

adj.

俄国的;俄罗斯的；俄语的

n.

俄国人;俄罗斯人；俄语

Russian ***

1. Russian
Russian means belonging or relating to Russia, or to its people, language, or culture.

- ...the Russian parliament.

ADJ

2. Russian Russians
A Russian is a Russian citizen, or a person of Russian origin.

- Three-quarters of Russians live in cities.

N-COUNT

Russian doll

Russian doll Russian dolls
A Russian doll is a hollow wooden doll that is made in two halves. Inside it are a series of similar wooden dolls, each smaller than the last, placed one inside the other.
N-COUNT

Russian roulette

1. Russian roulette
If you say that someone is playing Russian roulette , or that what they are doing is like playing Russian roulette , you mean that what they are doing is very dangerous because it involves unpredictable risks.

- You are playing Russian roulette every time you have unprotected sex.

N-UNCOUNT

2. Russian roulette
If someone plays Russian roulette , they fire a gun with only one bullet at their head without knowing whether it will shoot them.
N-UNCOUNT

rust

[D.J.:rʌst]

[K.K.:rʌst]

n.

铁锈

vt. & vi.

(使)生锈

rusting

[ˈrʌstiŋ]

n.

生锈

rust *

1. rust
Rust is a brown substance that forms on iron or steel, for example when it comes into contact with water.

- ...a decaying tractor, red with rust...

- Manufacturers are looking into building cars out of plastic to avoid the problem of rust.

N-UNCOUNT

2. rust rusts rusting rusted
When a metal object rusts , it becomes covered in rust and often loses its strength.

- Copper nails are better than iron nails because the iron rusts.

- There was an old rusting bolt on the door.

VB

3. rust
Rust is sometimes used to describe things that are reddish-brown in colour.

- ...turquoise woodwork with accent colours of rust and ochre.

- ...a rust-coloured blouse.

COLOUR

4. rust
Rust is a disease which affects plants. It is caused by a fungus.
N-UNCOUNT

rust

noun

1.

corrosion

oxidation

2.

mildew

blight

mould

must

rot

verb

3.

corrode

oxidize

rust away *

rust away rusts away; rusting away; rusted away
When a metal object rusts away , it is gradually weakened and destroyed by rust.

- ...an old car which had been rusting away for years.

PHR-V

Rust Belt

Rust Belt
In the United States and some other countries, the Rust Belt is a region which used to have a lot of manufacturing industry, but whose economy is now in difficulty.

- ...in the rust belt of the mid-west.

N-SING: the N also rust belt

rustic

[D.J.:ˈrʌstɪk]

[K.K.:ˈrʌstɪk]

adj.

有农村或村民特色的

粗野的, 不雅的

用粗糙的木材或树枝制作的

rustic *

1. rustic
You can use rustic to describe things or people that you approve of because they are simple or unsophisticated in a way that is typical of the countryside.

- ...the rustic charm of a country lifestyle.

- ...a half dozen or so wonderfully rustic old log cabins.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

2. rustic rustics
You can refer to someone who comes from the countryside as a rustic if you find their behaviour amusing or very different from that of people who live in towns and cities.

- ...lots of opera-loving Italian rustics in from the country.

N-COUNT

rustic

adjective

1.

rural

country

pastoral

sylvan

2.

uncouth

awkward

coarse

crude

rough

noun

3.

yokel

boor

bumpkin

clod

clodhopper informal

hick informal chiefly U.S. & Canad.

peasant

rusticity

[D.J.:rʌˈstisiti]

[K.K.:rʌˈstɪsɪti]

n.

乡村的特点、风格或气息

rusticity

rusticity
You can refer to the simple, peaceful character of life in the countryside as rusticity . (WRITTEN)

- It pleases me to think of young Tyndale growing up here in deep rusticity.

N-UNCOUNT approval

rustle

[D.J.:ˈrʌsl]

[K.K.:ˈrʌsəl]

vt. & vi.

发出沙沙的声音

rustling

[D.J.:ˈrʌslɪθ]

n.

瑟瑟声, 沙沙声

rustle *

1. rustle rustles rustling rustled
When something thin and dry rustles or when you rustle it, it makes soft sounds as it moves.

- The leaves rustled in the wind.

- She rustled her papers impatiently.

- A snake rustled through the dry grass.

V-ERG

2. rustle rustles
Also a noun.

- She sat perfectly still, without even a rustle of her frilled petticoats.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. rustling rustlings

- We were all terrified by a rustling sound coming from beneath one of the seats.

- ...the rustlings of women's dresses.

N-VAR: oft N of n

rustling

rustling
Rustling is the activity of stealing farm animals, especially cattle. (mainly AM)

- Her thievery was confined mostly to cattle rustling and horse stealing.

N-UNCOUNT: usu n N

rustle

verb

1.

crackle

crinkle

whisper

noun

2.

crackle

crinkling

rustling

whisper

rustle up *

1. rustle up rustles up; rustling up; rustled up
If you rustle up something to eat or drink, you make or prepare it quickly, with very little planning.

- Let's see if somebody can rustle up a cup of coffee.

- Many tasty and nutritious meals can be rustled up in next to no time.

PHR-V

2. rustle up rustles up; rustling up; rustled up
If you rustle something up , you provide or obtain it quickly, with very little planning. (INFORMAL)

- He managed to rustle up a couple of blankets.

- He has had no trouble rustling up 35 friends and colleagues to invite to his wedding.

PHR-V

rustler

[D.J.:ˈr ʌslə]

[K.K.:ˈr ʌs l..ɚ]

n.

<美><口>积极分子;活跃的人

偷牛贼;盗马贼

rustler

rustler rustlers
Rustlers are people who steal farm animals, especially cattle, horses, and sheep. (mainly AM)

- ...the old Wyoming Trail once used by cattle rustlers and outlaws.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft n N

rusty

[D.J.:ˈrʌsti:]

[K.K.:ˈrʌsti]

adj.

生锈的

荒疏的

rusty *

1. rusty rustier rustiest
A rusty metal object such as a car or a machine is covered with rust, which is a brown substance that forms on iron or steel when it comes into contact with water.

- We spent years travelling around in a rusty old van.

- ...a rusty iron gate.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. rusty rustier rustiest
If a skill that you have or your knowledge of something is rusty , it is not as good as it used to be, because you have not used it for a long time.

- ...skills which have gone rusty since the previous winter...

- You may be a little rusty, but past experience and teaching skills won't have been lost.

ADJ-GRADED

3. rusty
Rusty is sometimes used to describe things that are reddish-brown in colour.

- Her hair was rusty brown.

ADJ

rusty

adjective

1.

corroded

oxidized

rust-covered

rusted

2.

reddish

chestnut

coppery

reddish-brown

russet

rust-coloured

3.

out of practice

stale

unpractised

weak

rut

[D.J.:rʌt]

[K.K.:rʌt]

n.

车辙; 犁沟

常规, 老规矩

vt.

在(某物上)形成车辙

rut *

1. rut ruts
If you say that someone is in a rut , you disapprove of the fact that they have become fixed in their way of thinking and doing things, and find it difficult to change. You can also say that someone's life or career is in a rut .

- I don't like being in a rut -- I like to keep moving on.

- Many over 30s feel stuck in a financial rut.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu in a N disapproval

2. rut ruts
A rut is a deep, narrow mark made in the ground by the wheels of a vehicle.

- Our driver slowed up as we approached the ruts in the road.

- ...the deep ruts left by the trucks' heavy wheels.

N-COUNT: oft N in n

3. rut
The rut is the period of the year when some animals such as deer are sexually active, and the males fight each other to mate with the females.

- ...two elks sparring during the autumn rut.

- ...a stag in rut.

N-SING: usu the N, also in N

rut

noun

1.

groove

furrow

indentation

track

trough

wheel mark

2.

habit

dead end

pattern

routine

system

rutabaga

[D.J.:ˌru:təˈbeiɡə,ˈru:təbeiɡə]

[K.K.:ˌrutəˈbeɡə, ˌrʊtə-, ˈrutəˌbeɡə, ˈrʊtə-]

n.

芜菁甘蓝,〈美俚〉丑陋女人,〈美俚〉1美元

rutabaga

rutabaga rutabagas
A rutabaga is a round yellow root vegetable with a brown or purple skin. (AM; in BRIT use swede )
N-VAR

ruthless

[D.J.:ˈru:θlis]

[K.K.:ˈruθlɪs]

adj.

无情的; 冷酷的; 残忍的

ruthlessly

[D.J.:ˈru: θlɪslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈru θlɪslɪ]

adv.

无情地;冷酷地;残忍地

ruthlessness

n.

无情,冷酷

ruthless **

1. ruthless
If you say that someone is ruthless , you mean that you disapprove of them because they are very harsh or cruel, and will do anything that is necessary to achieve what they want.

- The President was ruthless in dealing with any hint of internal political dissent.

- ...an invasion by a ruthless totalitarian power...

- The late newspaper tycoon is condemned for his ruthless treatment of employees.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ in n disapproval
= merciless callous

2. ruthlessly

- The Party has ruthlessly crushed any sign of organised opposition.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. ruthlessness

- ...a powerful political figure with a reputation for ruthlessness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. ruthless
A ruthless action or activity is done forcefully and thoroughly, without much concern for its effects on other people.

- Her lawyers have been ruthless in thrashing out a divorce settlement.

- Successfully merging two banks requires a fast and ruthless attack on costs.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ in n

5. ruthlessly

- Ghislaine showed signs of turning into the ruthlessly efficient woman her father wanted her to be.

ADV-GRADED

6. ruthlessness

- ...a woman with a brain and business acumen and a certain healthy ruthlessness.

N-UNCOUNT

ruthless

adjective

merciless

brutal

callous

cruel

harsh

heartless

pitiless

relentless

remorseless

rutted

[ˈrʌtid]

adj.

有车辙的

rutted

rutted
A rutted road or track is very uneven because it has long, deep, narrow marks in it made by the wheels of vehicles.

- ...an agonisingly slow and uncomfortable ride along the deeply rutted roads.

ADJ-GRADED: oft adv ADJ

rutting

adj.

发情的(动物)

rutting

1. rutting
Rutting male animals such as deer are in a period of sexual excitement and activity.

- ...jokes about bitches in heat and rutting stags.

ADJ

2. rutting
Also a noun.

- During the rutting season the big boars have the most terrible mating battles.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

RV

abbr.

Recreational Vehicle <美>娱乐车

RV

abbr.

Recreational Vehicle 〈美〉娱乐车

RV

RV RVs
An RV is a van which is equipped with such things as beds and cooking equipment, so that people can live in it, usually while they are on holiday. RV is an abbreviation for `recreational vehicle'. (AM; in BRIT usually use camper or camper van )

- ...a group of RVs pulled over on the side of the highway.

N-COUNT

rye

[D.J.:raɪ]

[K.K.:raɪ]

n.

黑麦;黑麦粒

(一杯)黑麦威士忌酒

rye *

1. rye
Rye is a cereal grown in cold countries. Its grains can be used to make flour, bread, or other foods.

- One of the first crops that I grew when we came here was rye.

- ...100g wholemeal or rye flour.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. rye
Rye is bread made from rye. (AM)

- I was eating ham and Swiss cheese on rye.

N-UNCOUNT: usu on N

rye bread

rye bread
Rye bread is brown bread made with rye flour.

- ...two slices of rye bread.

N-UNCOUNT

S3

S3公司，全球最大的图像、视像及多媒体加速器供应商

S31

髀关

s

[es]

n.

字母s

s/he

abbr.

she or he 她或他,她/他

s/he

abbr.

she or he 她或他,她/他

S, s

1. S, s S's, s's
S is the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR

2. S, s
S or s is an abbreviation for words beginning with s, such as `south', `seconds', and `son'.

3. s.
s. was a written abbreviation for shilling or shillings in Britain before decimal currency was introduced in 1971.

s/he

s
Some writers use s/he instead of either `he' or `she' when they are referring to someone who might exist but who has not been identified. By using s/he , the writer does not need to say whether the person is male or female.

- Talk to your doctor and see if s/he knows of any local groups.

PRON-SING
= he or she

-s

1. -s
-s or -es is added to a noun to form a plural.

- ...her two beloved cats.

- ...a few problems.

- ...new houses and flats...

- Most bosses are traditional.

SUFFIX The form -es is also used.

2. -s
-s or -es is added to a verb to form the third person singular, present tense.

- He never thinks about it.

- She likes her job.

- No-one wishes to see that.

SUFFIX The form -es is also used.

-'s

1. -'s
-'s is added to nouns to form possessives. However, with plural nouns ending in `-s', and sometimes with names ending in `-s', you form the possessive by adding -'.

- ...the chairman's son.

- ...Britain's coal mines.

- ...women's rights.

- ...a boys' boarding-school.

- ...Sir Charles' car.

2. -'s
-'s is the usual spoken form of `is'. It is added to the end of the pronoun or noun which is the subject of the verb. For example, `he is' and `she is' can be shortened to `he's' and `she's'.
Pronounced -'s is pronounced -s' is pronounced in the same way as a final -s

3. -'s
-'s is the usual spoken form of `has', especially where `has' is an auxiliary verb. It is added to the end of the pronoun or noun which is the subject of the verb. For example, `It has gone' can be shortened to `It's gone'.
Pronounced -'s is pronounced -s' is pronounced in the same way as a final -s

4. -'s
-'s is sometimes added to numbers, letters, and abbreviations to form plurals, although many people think you should just add `-s'.

- ...new strategies for the 1990s.

- ...p's and q's.

Pronounced -'s is pronounced -s' is pronounced in the same way as a final -s

Sabbath

[D.J.:ˈsæbəθ]

[K.K.:ˈsæbəθ]

n.

安息日,主日

Sabbath

Sabbath
The Sabbath is the day of the week when members of some religious groups do not work. The Jewish Sabbath is on Saturday and the Christian Sabbath is on Sunday.

- ...a deeply religious man who will not discuss politics on the Sabbath...

- Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.

N-PROPER: the N, oft N n

sabbatical

[D.J.:səˈbætɪkəl]

[K.K.:səˈbætɪkəl]

adj.

休假的;公休的

n.

学术休假

sabbatical

sabbatical sabbaticals
A sabbatical is a period of time during which someone such as a university teacher can leave their ordinary work and travel or study.

- He took a year's sabbatical from the Foreign Office.

- He's been on sabbatical writing a novel.

N-COUNT: also on N

sable

[D.J.:ˈseɪbəl]

[K.K.:ˈsebəl]

n.

紫貂, 黑貂;紫貂皮, 黑貂皮

sable

1. sable sables
A sable is a small furry animal with valued fur.
N-COUNT

2. sable
Sable is the fur of a sable.

- ...her full-length sable coat with matching hat.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

sabotage

[D.J.:ˈsæbəˌtɑ:ʒ]

[K.K.:ˈsæbəˌtɑʒ]

蓄意破坏

sabotage

[D.J.:ˈsæbətɑ:ʒ]

[K.K.:ˈsæbəˌtɑʒ]

n.

阴谋破坏

vt.

阴谋破坏(某事物)

sabotage *

1. sabotage sabotages sabotaging sabotaged
If a machine, railway line, or bridge is sabotaged , it is deliberately damaged or destroyed, for example in a war or as a protest.

- The main pipeline supplying water was sabotaged by rebels.

VB: usu passive

2. sabotage
Also a noun.

- The bombing was a spectacular act of sabotage.

N-UNCOUNT

3. sabotage sabotages sabotaging sabotaged
If someone sabotages a plan or a meeting, they deliberately prevent it from being successful.

- He accused the opposition of doing everything they could to sabotage the election.

- My ex-wife deliberately sabotages my access to the children.

VB

sabotage

noun

1.

damage

destruction

disruption

subversion

wrecking

verb

2.

damage

destroy

disable

disrupt

incapacitate

subvert

vandalize

wreck

saboteur

[D.J.:ˌsæbəˈtɜ:]

[K.K.:ˌsæbəˈtə..]

n.

搞阴谋破坏的人

saboteur *

saboteur saboteurs
A saboteur is a person who deliberately damages or destroys things such as machines, railway lines, and bridges in order to weaken an enemy or to make a protest. In Britain, people who try to stop blood sports such as fox hunting are also referred to as saboteurs .

- The saboteurs had planned to bomb buses and offices.

- ...a confrontation between huntsmen and saboteurs.

N-COUNT

sabre

[D.J.:ˈseɪbə]

[K.K.:ˈsebɚ]

n.

军刀,马刀

(击剑时用的)尖细的轻剑

vt.

用军刀斩

sabre-rattling

n.

武力威胁,炫耀武力

sabre *

sabre sabres
A sabre is a heavy sword with a curved blade that was used in the past by soldiers on horseback.
N-COUNT (AM) saber

sabre-rattling

sabre-rattling
If you describe a threat, especially a threat of military action, as sabre-rattling , you do not believe that the threat will actually be carried out.

- It is too early to say whether the threats are mere sabre-rattling.

- ...sabre-rattling by the military.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) saber-rattling

sac

[D.J.:sæk]

[K.K.:sæk]

n.

(动植物组织中的)液囊

sac *

sac sacs
A sac is a small part of an animal's body, shaped like a little bag. It contains air, liquid, or some other substance.

- The lungs consist of millions of tiny air sacs.

N-COUNT

saccharin

[D.J.:ˈsækərɪn]

[K.K.:ˈsækərɪn]

n.

糖精

saccharin

saccharin
Saccharin is a very sweet chemical substance that some people use instead of sugar, especially when they are trying to lose weight.
N-UNCOUNT also saccharine .

saccharine

[D.J.:ˈsækəri:n]

[K.K.:ˈsækərɪn, -əˌrin, -əˌraɪn]

adj.

故作多情的, 甜得发腻的

saccharine

saccharine
You describe something as saccharine when you find it unpleasantly sweet and sentimental.

- ...a saccharine-sweet, nostalgic sequel to the Peter Pan story...

- She smiled with saccharine sweetness.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= sickly

saccharine

adjective

oversweet

cloying

honeyed

nauseating

sickly

sachet

[D.J.:sæˈʃeɪ]

[K.K.:sæˈʃe]

n.

小袋洗发剂,香囊

sachet

sachet sachets
A sachet is a small closed plastic or paper bag, containing a small quantity of something.

- ...individual sachets of instant coffee.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= packet

sack

[D.J.:sæk]

[K.K.:sæk]

n.

麻袋, 包

一袋的量

开除, 解雇

洗劫, 劫掠

vt.

装入袋中

解雇

洗劫, 劫掠

sacking

[D.J.:ˈsækiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsækɪŋ]

n.

口袋布,制袋子用的粗麻布,帆布

sack ***

1. sack sacks
A sack is a large bag made of rough woven material. Sacks are used to carry or store things such as vegetables or coal.

- ...a sack of potatoes.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. sack sacks sacking sacked
If your employers sack you, they tell you that you can no longer work for them because you have done something that they did not like or because your work was not good enough.

- Earlier today the Prime Minister sacked 18 government officials for corruption.

- Science teacher James Wood was sacked for slapping a schoolboy.

VB
= fire dismiss

3. sack
Also a noun.

- People who make mistakes can be given the sack the same day.

N-SING: the N

4. sack sacks sacking sacked
When an army sacks a town or city, they destroy it, taking away all valuable things.

- In 1527 Imperial troops sacked the French ambassador's residence in Rome.

VB
= destroy

5. sack
Also a noun.

- The Odyssey tells what happened to the Greek heroes after the sack of Troy.

N-SING: the N of n
= destruction

6. sack
Some people refer to bed as the sack . (INFORMAL)
N-SING: the N

sacking *

1. sacking
Sacking is rough woven material that is used to make sacks.
N-UNCOUNT
= hessian

2. sacking sackings
A sacking is when an employer tells a worker to leave their job.

- ...the sacking of twenty-three thousand miners.

N-COUNT
= dismissal

sack

noun

the sack

1.

dismissal

discharge

the axe informal

the boot slang

the push slang

verb

2.

dismiss

axe informal

discharge

fire informal

give (someone) the push informal

sack

noun

1.

plundering

looting

pillage

verb

2.

plunder

loot

pillage

raid

rob

ruin

strip

sackcloth

[D.J.:ˈsækklɔθ]

[K.K.:ˈsækˌklɔθ, -ˌklɑθ]

n.

麻袋布

sackcloth

1. sackcloth
Sackcloth is rough woven material that is used to make sacks.

- He kept the club wrapped in sackcloth.

N-UNCOUNT
= hessian

2. sackcloth
If you talk about sackcloth or sackcloth and ashes you are referring to an exaggerated attempt by someone to show that they are sorry for doing something wrong.

- He went on about his irresponsible behaviour, the dreadful effect it would have on his children and so on. It was all sackcloth and ashes.

N-UNCOUNT

sackful

[ˈsækful]

n.

满袋,多量

sackful

sackful sackfuls
A sackful is the amount of something that a sack contains or could contain.

- ...a sackful of presents...

- Letters and cards of support have been pouring in by the sackful.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= sack

sacrament

[D.J.:ˈsækrəmənt]

[K.K.:ˈsækrəmənt]

n.

(天主教的)圣事,圣礼

神圣的东西

庄严的誓言

sacrament

1. sacrament sacraments
A sacrament is a Christian religious ceremony such as communion, baptism, or marriage.

- ...the holy sacrament of baptism.

N-COUNT

2. sacrament
In the Roman Catholic church, the Sacrament is the holy bread eaten at the Eucharist. In the Anglican church, the Sacrament is the holy bread and wine taken at Holy Communion.
N-SING: the N

sacramental

[D.J.:sækrəˈmentl]

[K.K.:ˌsækrəˈmɛntl]

n.

天主教的类似圣典礼仪或事物

adj.

圣礼的,圣典的

sacramental

1. sacramental
Something that is sacramental is connected with a Christian religious ceremony.

- ...the sacramental wine.

ADJ

2. sacramental
Sacramental is used to describe something that is considered holy or religious.

- ...her view that music is a sacramental art.

ADJ
= religious

sacred

[D.J.:ˈseikrid]

[K.K.:ˈsekrɪd]

adj.

宗教的; 神圣的

受崇敬的; 不可冒犯的

sacred **

1. sacred
Something that is sacred is believed to be holy and to have a special connection with God.

- The owl is sacred for many Californian Indian people.

- ...shrines and sacred places.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ profane secular

2. sacredness

- ...the sacredness of the site.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

3. sacred
Something connected with religion or used in religious ceremonies is described as sacred .

- ...sacred art.

- ...sacred songs or music.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. sacred
You can describe something as sacred when it is regarded as too important to be changed or interfered with.

- My memories are sacred.

- He said the unity of the country was sacred.

ADJ-GRADED
= sacrosanct

5. sacredness

- ...the sacredness of his given word.

N-UNCOUNT

sacred

adjective

1.

holy

blessed

divine

hallowed

revered

sanctified

2.

religious

ecclesiastical

holy

3.

inviolable

protected

sacrosanct

sacred cow

sacred cow sacred cows
If you describe a belief, custom, or institution as a sacred cow , you disapprove of people treating it with too much respect and being afraid to criticize or question it.

- ...the sacred cow of monetarism.

N-COUNT disapproval

sacrifice

[D.J.:ˈsækrifais]

[K.K.:ˈsækrəˌfaɪs]

n.

牺牲, 舍身

献祭, 供奉

祭品

vt. & vi.

献祭

vt.

牺牲, 献出

sacrifice ***

1. sacrifice sacrifices sacrificing sacrificed
To sacrifice an animal or person means to kill them in a special religious ceremony as an offering to a god.

- The priest sacrificed a chicken.

- Two white bulls were sacrificed and a feast was held.

VB

2. sacrifice sacrifices
Also a noun.

- ...animal sacrifices to the gods.

N-COUNT

3. sacrifice sacrifices sacrificing sacrificed
If you sacrifice something that is valuable or important, you give it up, usually to obtain something else for yourself or for other people.

- She sacrificed family life to her career.

- Her husband's pride was a small thing to sacrifice for their children's security.

- Kitty Aldridge has sacrificed all for her first film.

- He sacrificed himself and so saved his country.

VB
= give up

4. sacrifice sacrifices
Also a noun.

- She made many sacrifices to get Anita a good education.

- He was willing to make any sacrifice for peace.

N-VAR
See also self-sacrifice .

sacrifice

noun

1.

surrender

loss

renunciation

2.

offering

oblation

verb

3.

give up

forego

forfeit

let go

lose

say goodbye to

surrender

4.

offer

immolate

offer up

sacrificial

[D.J.:sækriˈfiʃəl]

[K.K.:ˌsækrəˈfɪʃəl]

adj.

牺牲的

sacrificial

sacrificial
Sacrificial means connected with or used in a sacrifice.

- ...the sacrificial altar.

- ...a sacrificial victim.

ADJ: ADJ n

sacrificial lamb

sacrificial lamb sacrificial lambs
If you refer to someone as a sacrificial lamb , you mean that they have been blamed unfairly for something they did not do, usually in order to protect another more powerful person or group.

- He was a sacrificial lamb to a system that destroyed him.

N-COUNT
= scapegoat

sacrilege

[D.J.:ˈsækrəlɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈsækrəlɪdʒ]

n.

亵渎神圣,渎圣罪

sacrilegious

adj.

sacrilegious

[D.J.:ˌsækrəˈlɪdʒəs, -ˈli:dʒəs]

[K.K.:ˌsækrəˈlɪdʒəs, -ˈlidʒəs]

adj.

犯渎圣罪的;该受天谴的

sacrilege

1. sacrilege
Sacrilege is behaviour that shows great disrespect for a holy place or object.

- For centuries, stealing from a place of worship was regarded as sacrilege.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

2. sacrilege
You can use sacrilege to refer to disrespect that is shown for someone who is widely admired or for a belief that is widely accepted.

- It is a sacrilege to offend democracy.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

sacrilege

noun

desecration

blasphemy

heresy

impiety

irreverence

profanation

violation

sacrilegious

sacrilegious
If someone's behaviour or actions are sacrilegious , they show great disrespect towards something holy or towards something that people think should be respected.

- A number of churches were sacked and sacrilegious acts committed.

ADJ-GRADED

sacrilegious

adjective

profane

blasphemous

desecrating

impious

irreligious

irreverent

sacristy

[D.J.:ˈsækristi]

[K.K.:ˈsækrɪsti]

n.

(天主教教堂里)圣器收藏室,圣器安置所

sacristy

sacristy sacristies
A sacristy is the room in a church where the priest or minister changes into their official clothes and where holy objects are kept.
N-COUNT

sacrosanct

[D.J.:ˈsækrəʊˌsæŋkt]

[K.K.:ˈsækroˌsæŋkt]

adj.

极其神圣的；不可侵犯的

sacrosanctity

n.

sacrosanctity

[sækrəuˈsæŋktiti]

n.

神圣不可侵犯,至圣

sacrosanct

sacrosanct
If you describe something as sacrosanct , you consider it to be special and are unwilling to see it criticized or changed.

- Freedom of the press is sacrosanct and should remain so.

- ...weekend rest days were considered sacrosanct.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= sacred

sacrosanct

adjective

inviolable

hallowed

inviolate

sacred

sanctified

set apart

untouchable

sad

[D.J.:sæd]

[K.K.:sæd]

adj.

悲哀的, 忧愁的, 难过的

糟糕的, 不成样子的, 不像话的

sadder

adj.

(悲哀的,可怜的)sad的比较级

saddest

adj.

(悲哀的,可怜的)sad的最高级

sadly

[D.J.:ˈsædlɪ]

adv.

悲哀地, 忧愁地

令人遗憾地, 惋惜地

不幸地

sadness

[D.J.:ˈsædnis]

n.

悲哀, 忧伤

令人悲哀或忧伤的事物

sad ****

1. sad sadder saddest
If you are sad , you feel unhappy, usually because something has happened that you do not like.

- The relationship had been important to me and its loss left me feeling sad and empty.

- I'm sad that Julie's marriage is on the verge of splitting up.

- I'd grown fond of our little house and felt sad to leave it.

- I'm sad about my toys getting burned in the fire.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ that/to-inf, ADJ about n
= unhappy ≠ happy

2. sadly

- ...a gallant man who will be sadly missed by all his comrades...

- He could not help adding sadly: `I'm desperately upset not to be playing for Queensland.'

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v
≠ happily

3. sadness

- It is with a mixture of sadness and joy that I say farewell.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ happiness

4. sad sadder saddest
Sad stories and sad news make you feel sad.

- ...a desperately humorous, impossibly sad novel...

- Yesterday, I received the sad news that one of them had been killed in a motor-cycle accident.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. sad sadder saddest
A sad event or situation is unfortunate or undesirable.

- It's a sad truth that children are the biggest victims of passive smoking.

ADJ-GRADED

6. sadly

- Sadly, bamboo plants die after flowering.

- The vast majority of special care babies grow up to be perfectly healthy but, sadly, a few don't survive.

ADV: usu ADV adj, ADV with cl

7. sad sadder saddest
If you describe someone as sad , you do not have any respect for them and think their behaviour or ideas are ridiculous. (INFORMAL)

- ...sad old bikers and youngsters who think that Jim Morrison is God.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= pathetic

8. sad
You can use the expression sad to say when you are describing an situation which you find unfortunate.

- How does a suffering alcoholic get into one of these hospitals? Sad to say, there are not very many of them around.

- He died five or six years ago I'm sad to say.

PHR: PHR with cl

sad

adjective

1.

unhappy

blue

dejected

depressed

doleful

down

low

low-spirited

melancholy

mournful

woebegone

2.

tragic

depressing

dismal

grievous

harrowing

heart-rending

moving

pathetic

pitiful

poignant

upsetting

3.

deplorable

bad

lamentable

sorry

wretched

sadness

noun

unhappiness

dejection

depression

despondency

grief

melancholy

misery

poignancy

sorrow

the blues

SAD

abbr.

Service Action Drawing 维修图

SAD

abbr.

Service Action Drawing 维修图

SAD

SAD
SAD is an abbreviation for seasonal affective disorder .
N-UNCOUNT

sadden

[D.J.:ˈsædn]

[K.K.:ˈsædn]

vt. & vi.

(使某人)悲哀, 忧愁

saddening

[ˈsædəniŋ]

n.

(初轧头道的)轻压或小压下量轧制;小变形锻造

sadden *

1. sadden saddens saddened
If something saddens you, it makes you feel sad.

- The cruelty in the world saddens me incredibly.

VB: no cont

2. saddened

- He was disappointed and saddened that legal argument had stopped the trial.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

3. saddening

- I find public squalor very saddening.

- ...a saddening experience.

ADJ-GRADED

sadden

verb

upset

deject

depress

distress

grieve

make sad

saddle

[D.J.:ˈsædl]

[K.K.:ˈsædl]

n.

(马)鞍, 鞍状物

车座

vt. & vi.

给(马)装鞍

vt.

使承担

saddles

(窑具)陶瓷耐火土托座

saddling

[ˈsædliŋ]

n.

鞍锻

saddle **

1. saddle saddles
A saddle is a leather seat that you put on the back of an animal so that you can ride the animal.
N-COUNT
See also side-saddle .

2. saddle saddles saddling saddled
If you saddle a horse, you put a saddle on it so that you can ride it.

- Why don't we saddle a couple of horses and go for a ride?

VB

3. saddle up saddles up; saddling up; saddled up
Saddle up means the same as saddle .

- I want to be gone from here as soon as we can saddle up.

- She saddled up a horse.

PHR-V

4. saddle saddles
A saddle is a seat on a bicycle or motorcycle.
N-COUNT

5. saddle saddles
A saddle of lamb, rabbit, or venison is a piece of meat taken from the middle of the animal's back.
N-COUNT: usu N of n

6. saddle saddles saddling saddled
If you saddle someone with a problem or with a responsibility, you put them in a position where they have to deal with it.

- The war devastated the economy and saddled the country with a huge foreign debt.

VB
= lumber with

7. saddle
If you are in the saddle , you are riding a horse.

- When I watch horse racing on television, I wish I was back in the saddle.

PHR

8. saddle
If you are in the saddle , you are in power or in control of a situation.

- The armed forces and the hardliners are now going to be in the saddle.

PHR
= in control

saddle

verb

burden

encumber

load

lumber Brit. informal

saddlebag

[D.J.:ˈsædlˌbæg]

[K.K.:ˈsædl..ˌbæɡ]

n.

鞍囊;马褡裢

(挂在自行车或摩托车后座上的)挂包

saddlebag

saddlebag saddlebags
A saddlebag is a bag fastened to the saddle of a bicycle or motorcycle, or the saddle of a horse.
N-COUNT also saddle-bag .
= pannier

saddler

[D.J.:ˈsædlə]

[K.K.:ˈsædlɚ]

n.

制造马鞍的人,马具商,乘坐用的马

saddler

saddler saddlers
A saddler is a person who makes, repairs, and sells saddles and other equipment for riding horses.
N-COUNT

saddlery

[D.J.:ˈsædləri]

[K.K.:ˈsædləri]

n.

马具; 马具制作工艺

saddlery

saddlery
Saddles and other leather goods made by a saddler can be referred to as saddlery .
N-UNCOUNT

saddo

[ˈsædəu]

n.

〈英〉〈口〉差劲的人，土老帽

saddo

saddo saddos
If you say that someone is a saddo , you do not have any respect for them and think their behaviour or ideas are ridiculous. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Look at those saddos going to the Royal Opera House, I would jeer.

N-COUNT: oft N n

sadism

[D.J.:ˈseɪˌdɪzəm, ˈsædˌɪz-]

[K.K.:ˈseˌdɪzəm, ˈsædˌɪz-]

n.

(性)施虐狂

sadist

[D.J.:ˈseɪdɪst]

n.

(性)施虐狂者

sadism

1. sadism
Sadism is a type of behaviour in which a person obtains pleasure from hurting other people and making them suffer physically or mentally.

- Psychoanalysts tend to regard both sadism and masochism as arising from childhood deprivation.

N-UNCOUNT

2. sadist sadists

- The man was a sadist who tortured animals and people.

N-COUNT

sadistic

[D.J.:sæˈdɪstɪk]

adj.

有(性)虐待狂的

sadistic *

1. sadistic
A sadistic person obtains pleasure from hurting other people and making them suffer physically or mentally.

- The prisoners rioted against mistreatment by sadistic guards and a starvation diet.

- There was a sadistic streak in him.

ADJ-GRADED

2. sadistically

- Many were killed, often most sadistically.

ADV-GRADED

sadistic

adjective

cruel

barbarous

brutal

ruthless

vicious

sado-masochism

n.

施虐受虐狂

sado-masochism

1. sado-masochism
Sado-masochism is the enjoyment of hurting people and being hurt.

- ...the sado-masochism of the Marquis de Sade.

N-UNCOUNT also sadomasochism .

2. sado-masochist sado-masochists

- ...an island resort where sado-masochists can act out their sexual fantasies.

N-COUNT

sado-masochistic

sado-masochistic
Something that is sado-masochistic is connected with the practice of sado-masochism.

- ...a sado-masochistic relationship.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n also sadomasochistic .

s.a.e

abbr.

stamped addressed envelope 贴有邮票并写好地址的信封

s.a.e

abbr.

stamped addressed envelope 贴有邮票并写好地址的信封

sa.e.

s.a.e s.a.e.s
An s.a.e. is an envelope on which you have stuck a stamp and written your own name and address. You send it to an organization so that they can reply to you in it. s.a.e. is an abbreviation for `stamped addressed envelope' or `self addressed envelope'. (BRIT; in AM use SASE )

- Send an s.a.e. for a free information pack.

N-COUNT

safari

[D.J.:səˈfɑ:ri:]

[K.K.:səˈfɑri]

n.

游猎,陆路旅行(尤指在东非或中非)

类似游猎的假日旅行

safari **

safari safaris
A safari is a trip to observe or hunt wild animals, especially in East Africa.

- He'd like to go on safari to photograph snakes and tigers.

N-COUNT: also on N

safari park

safari park safari parks
A safari park is a large enclosed area of land where wild animals, such as lions and elephants, live freely. People can pay to drive through the park and look at the animals. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

safari suit

safari suit safari suits
A safari suit is a casual suit made from a light-coloured material such as linen or cotton. Safari suits are usually worn in hot weather.
N-COUNT

safe

[D.J.:seif]

[K.K.:sef]

adj.

安全的; 不会有危险的; 不受威胁的; 受保护的

没有受到损害的; 平安的

不致导致损害[损伤, 损失]的

不冒险的, 小心的

n.

保险箱, 保险柜

safely

[D.J.:ˈseɪflɪ]

[K.K.:ˈseflɪ]

adv.

安全地,平安地

可靠地,有把握地

稳固地

safer

adj.

safe的比较级

safest

adj.

safe的最高级

safe ****

1. safe safer safest
Something that is safe does not cause physical harm or danger.

- Officials arrived to assess whether it is safe to bring emergency food supplies into the city.

- Most foods that we eat are safe for birds.

- ...a safe and reliable birth control option.

- ...a programme to make Russian nuclear reactors safer.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf
≠ dangerous

2. safe safer safest
If a person or thing is safe from something, they cannot be harmed or damaged by it.

- In the future people can go to a football match knowing that they are safe from hooliganism.

- On beaches, keep your camera safe from sand by enveloping it inside a plastic bag.

- Crime Prevention Officers can visit your home and suggest ways to make it safer.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ from n
≠ at risk

3. safe safer safest
If you are safe , you have not been harmed, or you are not in danger of being harmed.

- Where is Sophy? Is she safe?.

- A baby boy is safe after rescue workers pulled him from a 12-foot-deep construction hole.

- He kissed me twice and I realized suddenly that I felt warm and safe.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

4. safely

- All 140 guests were brought out of the building safely by firemen.

ADV: ADV with v

5. safe safer safest
A safe place is one where it is unlikely that any harm, damage, or unpleasant things will happen to the people or things that are there.

- The continuing tension has prompted more than half the inhabitants of the refugee camp to flee to safer areas.

- The elimination of all nuclear weapons would make the world a safer place.

- We shall take the treasure away to a safe place.

ADJ-GRADED

6. safely

- The banker keeps the money tucked safely under his bed.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

7. safe
If people or things have a safe journey, they reach their destination without harm, damage, or unpleasant things happening to them.

- `I'm heading back to Ireland again for another weekend.' --- `Have a safe journey.'

- ...the UN plan to deploy 500 troops to ensure the safe delivery of food and other supplies.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. safely

- The space shuttle returned safely today from a 10-day mission.

- Once Mrs Armsby was safely home, she called the police again.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adv

9. safe
If you are at a safe distance from something or someone, you are far enough away from them to avoid any danger, harm, or unpleasant effects.

- I shall conceal myself at a safe distance from the battlefield.

- He thinks he can find a way to vaccinate the elephants from a safe distance.

ADJ: ADJ n

10. safe safer safest
If something you have or expect to obtain is safe , you cannot lose it or be prevented from having it.

- We as consumers need to feel confident that our jobs are safe before we will spend spare cash.

- Is the National Health Service safe with the Conservative party?.

- Rovers made the game safe with a spectacular second goal in the 84th minute.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= secure

11. safe safer safest
A safe course of action is one in which there is very little risk of loss or failure.

- Electricity shares are still a safe investment.

- It might not be safe politically for the President to leave the country.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n, also it v-link ADJ to-inf

12. safely

- We reveal only as much information as we can safely risk at a given time.

ADV: usu ADV before v

13. safe safer safest
If you disapprove of something because you think it is not very exciting or original, you can describe it as safe .

- ...frustrated artists who became lawyers at an early age because it seemed a safe option...

- Rock'n'roll has become so commercialised and safe since punk.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

14. safe safer safest
If it is safe to say or assume something, you can say it with very little risk of being wrong.

- I think it is safe to say that very few students expend the effort to do quality work in school.

- It is a safe assumption that modern terrorists are not suicidal, and will not be on board a bombed plane.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

15. safely

- If I go to a grocer I know and trust, I can safely assume the eggs will be fresh.

- I think you can safely say she will not be appearing in another of my films.

ADV-GRADED: ADV before v

16. safe safer safest
If you say to someone that their secret is safe with you, you are promising not to tell it to anyone.

- Don't worry, Mr Palin, your secret is safe with me.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n

17. safe safes
A safe is a strong metal cupboard with special locks, in which you keep money, jewellery, or other valuable things.

- The files are now in a safe to which only he has the key.

N-COUNT

18. safe
If you say that a person or thing is in safe hands , or is safe in someone's hands , you mean that they are being looked after by a reliable person and will not be harmed.

- I had a huge responsibility to ensure these packets remained in safe hands.

- Don't worry, Uncle Tim, your future is safe in our hands.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

19. safe
If you say that something or someone is as safe as houses , you mean that they are completely safe. (BRIT)

- The Government insisted that Britain's nuclear power stations are as safe as houses.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

20. safe
If someone tries to make a place safe for a particular activity, they try to make the place suitable for that activity, although their efforts may have very undesirable effects.

- Why did these men fight and die? Supposedly it was to make the world safe for democracy.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

21. safe
If you play safe or play it safe , you do not take any risks.

- If you want to play safe, cut down on the amount of salt you eat.

- The pilot decided that Christchurch was too far away, and played it safe and landed at Wellington.

PHR: V inflects

22. safe
If you say you are doing something to be on the safe side , you mean that you are doing it in case something undesirable happens, even though this may be unnecessary.

- You might still want to go for an X-ray, however, just to be on the safe side.

PHR: PHR with cl

23. safe
If you say ` it's better to be safe than sorry ', you are advising someone to take action in order to avoid possible unpleasant consequences later, even if this seems unnecessary.

- Don't be afraid to have this checked by a doctor -- better safe than sorry!

PHR

24. safe
You say that someone is safe and sound when they are still alive or unharmed after being in danger.

- All I'm hoping for is that wherever Trevor is he will come home safe and sound.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

safely **

1. safely
If something is done safely , it is done in a way that makes it unlikely that anyone will be harmed.

- The waste is safely locked away until it is no longer radioactive.

- `Drive safely,' he said and waved goodbye.

- More people will be doing the work with proper supervision and thus, more safely.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

2. safely
You also use safely to say that there is no risk of a situation being changed.

- Once events are safely in the past, this idea seems to become less alarming.

- The number two seed is safely through to the second round of the tournament.

ADV: usu ADV with v

safe

adjective

1.

secure

impregnable

in safe hands

out of danger

out of harm's way

protected

safe and sound

2.

unharmed

all right

intact

O.K. or okay informal

undamaged

unhurt

unscathed

3.

risk-free

certain

impregnable

secure

sound

noun

4.

strongbox

coffer

deposit box

repository

safe-deposit box

vault

safely

adverb

in safety

in one piece

safe and sound

with impunity

without risk

safe area *

safe area safe areas
If part of a country that is involved in a war is declared to be a safe area , neutral forces will try to keep peace there so that it is safe for people.

- The UN declared it a safe area.

N-COUNT

safe conduct

safe conduct
If you are given safe conduct , the authorities officially allow you to travel somewhere, guaranteeing that you will not be arrested or harmed while doing so.

- Her family was given safe conduct to Britain when civil war broke out.

- ...a guarantee of safe conduct signed personally by General Williams.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N also safe-conduct .

safe deposit box

safe deposit box safe deposit boxes
A safe deposit box is a small box, usually kept in a special room in a bank, in which you can store valuable objects.
N-COUNT also safe-deposit box .

safeguard

[D.J.:ˈseifɡɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈsefˌɡɑrd]

n.

防护措施, 安全设施

vt.

保护; 保卫; 防护

safeguards

安全保护

safeguard **

1. safeguard safeguards safeguarding safeguarded
To safeguard something or someone means to protect them from being harmed, lost, or badly treated. (FORMAL)

- They will press for international action to safeguard the ozone layer.

- The interests of minorities will have to be safeguarded under a new constitution.

- They are taking precautionary measures to safeguard their forces from the effects of chemical weapons.

VB
= protect

2. safeguard safeguards
A safeguard is a law, rule, or measure intended to prevent someone or something from being harmed.

- As an additional safeguard against weeds you can always use an underlay of heavy duty polythene.

- A system like ours lacks adequate safeguards for civil liberties.

N-COUNT: oft N against n

safeguard

verb

1.

protect

defend

guard

look after

preserve

noun

2.

protection

defence

guard

security

safe haven *

1. safe haven safe havens
If part of a country is declared a safe haven , people who need to escape from a dangerous situation such as a war can go there and be protected.

- Countries overwhelmed by the human tide of refugees want safe havens set up at once.

N-COUNT

2. safe haven
If a country provides safe haven for people from another country who have been in danger, it allows them to stay there under its official protection. (AM)

- Some Democrats support granting the Haitians temporary safe haven in the US.

N-UNCOUNT
= asylum

3. safe haven safe havens
A safe haven is a place, a situation, or an activity which provides people with an opportunity to escape from things that they find unpleasant or worrying.

- ...the idea of the family as a safe haven from the brutal outside world.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N from n

safe house

safe house safe houses
You can refer to a building as a safe house when it is used as a place where someone can stay and be protected. Safe houses are often used by spies, criminals, or the police.

- ...a farm which operates as a safe house for criminals on the run.

N-COUNT also safe-house .

safekeeping

[D.J.:ˈseɪfˈki:pɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsefˈkipɪŋ]

n.

(对贵重物品的)保护;保管

safekeeping

safekeeping
If something is given to you for safekeeping , it is given to you so that you will make sure that it is not harmed or stolen.

- Hampton had been given the bills for safekeeping by a business partner.

N-UNCOUNT: usu for N

safe passage

safe passage
If someone is given safe passage , they are allowed to go somewhere safely, without being attacked or arrested.

- They were unwilling, or unable, to guarantee safe passage from the city to the aircraft.

- We try to negotiate a safe passage for relief convoys which will travel that stretch of road.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N, oft N for/to n

safe seat

safe seat safe seats
In politics, a safe seat is an area in which the candidate from one particular party nearly always wins by a large number of votes. (BRIT)

- ...the young and brilliant Anthony Blair first lost his deposit at Beaconsfield, and then secured the safe seat of Sedgefield...

- The constituency I live in is a safe Labour seat.

N-COUNT

safe sex *

safe sex
Safe sex is sexual activity in which people protect themselves against the risk of AIDS and other diseases, usually by using condoms.

- People who have multiple sexual partners are now more apt to practise safe sex.

N-UNCOUNT

safety

[D.J.:ˈseifti]

[K.K.:ˈsefti]

n.

安全; 平安

safety ****

1. safety
Safety is the state of being safe from harm or danger.

- The report goes on to make a number of recommendations to improve safety on aircraft.

N-UNCOUNT

2. safety
If you reach safety , you reach a place where you are safe from danger.

- He stumbled through smoke and fumes given off from her burning sofa to pull her to safety.

- Guests ran for safety as the device went off in a ground-floor men's toilet.

- The refugees were groping their way through the dark, trying to reach safety.

- ...the safety of one's own home.

N-UNCOUNT: oft prep N

3. safety
If you are concerned about the safety of something, you are concerned that it might be harmful or dangerous.

- ...consumers are showing growing concern about the safety of the food they buy...

- The safety of tacrine has not yet been proven, and there is concern that it causes damage to the liver.

N-SING: with poss

4. safety
If you are concerned for someone's safety , you are concerned that they might be in danger.

- There is grave concern for the safety of witnesses.

- The two youths today declined to testify because they said they feared for their safety.

N-SING: with poss

5. safety
Safety features or measures are intended to make something less dangerous.

- The built-in safety device compensates for a fall in water pressure.

- ...safety glasses.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. safety
If you say that there is safety in numbers , you mean that you are safer doing something if there are a lot of people doing it rather than doing it alone.

- Many people still feel there is safety in numbers when belonging to a union.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

safety

noun

1.

security

impregnability

protection

2.

shelter

cover

refuge

sanctuary

safety belt

safety belt safety belts
A safety belt is a strap attached to a seat in a car or aeroplane. You fasten it round your body and it stops you being thrown forward if there is an accident.
N-COUNT also safety-belt .
= seat belt

safety catch

safety catch safety catches
The safety catch on a gun is a device that stops you firing the gun accidentally.

- Eddie slipped the safety catch on his automatic back into place.

N-COUNT

safety glass

safety glass
Safety glass is very strong glass that does not break into sharp pieces if it is hit.
N-UNCOUNT

safety net *

1. safety net safety nets
A safety net is something that you can rely on to help you if you get into a difficult situation.

- Welfare is the only real safety net for low-income workers.

N-COUNT

2. safety net safety nets
In a circus, a safety net is a large net that is placed below performers on a high wire or trapeze in order to catch them and prevent them being injured if they fall off.
N-COUNT

safety pin

safety pin safety pins
A safety pin is a bent metal pin used for fastening things together. The point of the pin has a cover so that when the pin is closed it cannot hurt anyone.

- ...trousers which were held together with safety pins.

N-COUNT

safety valve

1. safety valve safety valves
A safety valve is a device which allows liquids or gases to escape from a machine when the pressure inside it becomes too great.

- Residents heard an enormous bang as a safety valve on the boiler failed.

N-COUNT

2. safety valve safety valves
A safety valve is something that allows you to release strong feelings without hurting yourself or others.

- ...crying is a natural safety valve.

N-COUNT

safety zone

safety zone safety zones
A safety zone is a place in the middle of a road crossing where you can wait before you cross the other half of the road. (AM)
N-COUNT also safety island

saffron

[D.J.:ˈsæfrən]

[K.K.:ˈsæfrən]

n.

藏红花,(用于食品上色和调味的)干藏红花粉,金黄色,橘黄色

adj.

藏红花色的

saffron *

1. saffron
Saffron is a yellowish-orange powder obtained from a flower and used to give flavour and colouring to some foods.

- ...saffron rice.

N-UNCOUNT

2. saffron
Saffron is a yellowish-orange colour.

- ...a Buddhist in saffron robes.

COLOUR

sag

[sæɡ]

vi.

向下凹或中间下陷

松弛或不整齐地悬着

n.

下陷或松弛；下陷或松弛的地方; 下陷或松弛的程度

sagged

下垂的

sagging

[ˈsæɡiŋ]

n.

下垂[沉,陷],松垂,垂度

sag *

1. sag sags sagging sagged
When something sags , it hangs down loosely or sinks downwards in the middle.

- The shirt's cuffs won't sag and lose their shape after washing.

- The roof sagged at one corner, where the ceiling beams had snapped with rot.

- He sat down in the sagging armchair.

VB

2. sag sags sagging sagged
When part of someone's body begins to sag , it starts to become less firm and hang down.

- He is heavily built, but beginning to sag.

- ...flabby thighs and sagging bottoms.

VB
= droop

3. sag sags sagging sagged
To sag means to become weaker.

- The pound continued to sag despite four interventions by the Bank of England.

- Some of the tension Altman builds up starts to sag.

- They failed to revive her sagging spirits.

VB
= flag

sag

verb

1.

sink

bag

dip

droop

fall

give way

hang loosely

slump

2.

tire

droop

flag

wane

weaken

wilt

saga

[D.J.:ˈsɑ:gə]

[K.K.:ˈsɑɡə]

n.

(挪威或冰岛的)长篇英雄故事

saga *

1. saga sagas
A saga is a long story, account, or sequence of events.

- ...a 600 page saga about 18th century slavery...

- The continuing saga of unexpected failures by leading companies.

N-COUNT

2. saga sagas
A saga is a long story composed in medieval times in Norway or Iceland.

- ...a Nordic saga of giants and trolls.

N-COUNT

saga

noun

tale

epic

narrative

story

yarn

sagacious

[D.J.:səˈgeɪʃəs]

[K.K.:səˈɡeʃəs]

adj.

精明的, 有判断力的

sagacious

sagacious
A sagacious person is intelligent and has the ability to make good decisions. (FORMAL)

- ...a wise and sagacious leader.

ADJ-GRADED
= discerning wise

sagacity

[D.J.:səˈgæsɪti:]

[K.K.:səˈɡæsɪti]

n.

精明;精确的判断

sagacity

sagacity
Sagacity is the quality of being sagacious. (FORMAL)

- ...a man of great sagacity and immense experience.

N-UNCOUNT
= wisdom

sage

[D.J.:seɪdʒ]

[K.K.:sedʒ]

n.

圣人, 智者

adj.

贤明的, 貌似聪明的

sagely

adv.

贤能地,贤明地

sage *

1. sage sages
A sage is a person who is regarded as being very wise. (LITERARY)

- ...ancient Chinese sages.

N-COUNT

2. sage
Sage means wise and knowledgeable, especially as the result of a lot of experience. (LITERARY)

- He was famous for his intellectual integrity and sage advice to younger painters.

ADJ-GRADED
= wise

3. sagely

- Susan nodded sagely as if what I had said was profoundly significant.

- The family sagely married into American money many years ago.

ADV: ADV with v
= wisely

4. sage
Sage is a herb used in cooking.
N-UNCOUNT

5. sage sages
Sage is a plant with grey-green leaves and purple, blue, or white flowers.
N-VAR

sage

noun

1.

wise man

elder

guru

master

philosopher

adjective

2.

wise

judicious

sagacious

sapient

sensible

saggy

[ˈsæɡi]

adj.

松懈的,下垂的

saggy

saggy saggier saggiest
If you describe something as saggy , you mean that it has become less firm over a period of time and become unattractive.

- Is the mattress lumpy and saggy?.

- Exercise for just 20 minutes a day to firm up even the saggiest bottom.

ADJ-GRADED
= droopy

Sagittarius

[ˌsædʒiˈtɛəriəs]

n.

〈天〉人马座；人马宫

Sagittarius **

1. Sagittarius
Sagittarius is one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. Its symbol is a creature that is half horse, half man, shooting an arrow. People who are born approximately between the 22nd of November and the 21st of December come under this sign.
N-UNCOUNT

2. Sagittarius
A Sagittarius is a person whose sign of the zodiac is Sagittarius.
N-SING: a N

sago

[D.J.:ˈseiɡəu]

[K.K.:ˈseɡo]

n.

西米,西米椰子

sago

sago
Sago is a white substance obtained from the trunk of some palm trees. Sago is used for making sweet puddings.
N-UNCOUNT

sahib

[D.J.:ˈsɑ:hib]

[K.K.:ˈsɑɪb, -ib, -hɪb]

n.

先生,阁下,大人,欧洲官员或欧洲移民

sahib

sahib
Sahib is a term used by some people in India to address or to refer to a man in a position of authority. Sahib was used especially of white government officials in the period of British rule.

- 'It is most urgent, sahib,' he said.

- ...British Sahibs and Memsahibs.

N-TITLE; N-COUNT politeness

said

[D.J.:sed]

say的过去式和过去分词

adj.

<律>上述的

enough said

无须多讲；不必多言

the less/least said, the better

少说为妙

there’s something, not much, etc. to besaid for (doing) sth; sth has (got) something, not much, etc. to be said for it

(做)某事有/没有很多优点(或好处)：某事物有/没有多少可说的

when all is said and done

说到底；毕竟；全面衡量

you said it!

一点没错；千真万确

say

[D.J.:sei]

[K.K.:se]

vt. & vi.

说; 讲

vt.

说明; 表明; 宣称

比方说; 假定说

n.

决定权, 发言权

saying

[D.J.:ˈseɪɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈseɪŋ]

n.

说话

话;言语;言论

谚语;格言, 名言

it goes without saying (that …); that goes without saying

很显然；不用说；当然了

it’s/that’s not saying much, etc.

这说明不了什么；也没什么了不起

said

Said is the past tense and past participle of say .

say *****

1. say says saying said
When you say something, you speak words.

- `I'm sorry,' he said.

- She said they were very impressed.

- Forty-one people are said to have been seriously hurt.

- I packed and said goodbye to Charlie.

- I hope you didn't say anything about Gretchen.

- You didn't say much when you telephoned.

- Did he say where he was going?.

- It doesn't sound exactly orthodox, if I may say so.

VB

2. say says saying said
You use say in expressions such as I would just like to say to introduce what you are actually saying, or to indicate that you are expressing an opinion or admitting a fact. If you state that you can't say something or you wouldn't say something, you are indicating in a polite or indirect way that it is not the case.

- I would just like to say that this is the most hypocritical thing I have ever heard in my life.

- I have to say I didn't even know Fox Lane Police Station existed till about four or five years ago.

- I must say that rather shocked me, too.

- Dead? Well, I can't say I'm sorry.

VB

3. say says saying said
You can mention the contents of a piece of writing by mentioning what it says or what someone says in it.

- The report says there is widespread and routine torture of political prisoners in the country.

- Auntie Winnie wrote back saying Mam wasn't well enough to write.

- You can't have one without the other, as the song says.

- `Highly inflammable,' it says on the spare canister.

- Jung believed that God speaks to us in dreams. The Bible says so too.

VB

4. say says saying said
If you say something to yourself, you think it.

- Perhaps I'm still dreaming, I said to myself.

- `Keep your temper,' he said to himself.

VB

5. say
If you have a say in something, you have the right to give your opinion and influence decisions relating to it.

- You can get married at sixteen, and yet you haven't got a say in the running of the country.

- The students wanted more say in the government of the university.

N-SING: usu a N, also more/some N

6. say says saying said
You indicate the information given by something such as a clock, dial, or map by mentioning what it says .

- The clock said four minutes past eleven.

- The map says there's six of them.

VB

7. say says saying said
If something says something about a person, situation, or thing, it gives important information about them.

- I think that says a lot about how well Seles is playing.

- The appearance of the place and the building says something about the importance of the project.

VB

8. say says saying said
If something says a lot for a person or thing, it shows that this person or thing is very good or has a lot of good qualities.

- That the Escort is still the nation's bestselling car in 1992 says a lot for the power of Ford's marketing people.

- It says much for Brookner's skill that while the book is suffused with sadness, it is never depressing.

VB

9. say says saying said
You use say in expressions such as I'll say that for them and you can say this for them after or before you mention a good quality that someone has, usually when you think they do not have many good qualities.

- He's usually smartly-dressed, I'll say that for him.

- At the very least, he is devastatingly sure of himself, you can say that.

VB

10. say says saying said
You can use say when you want to discuss something that might possibly happen or be true.

- Say you lived in Boston, Massachusetts, and dug straight down through the center of the Earth, what country would you come out nearest to?

VB: only imper
= suppose

11. say
You can use say or let's say when you mention something as an example.

- To see the problem here more clearly, let's look at a different biological system, say, an acorn.

- Someone with, say, between 300 and 500 acres could be losing thousands of pounds a year.

12. say
Say is used to attract someone's attention or to express surprise, pleasure, or admiration. (AM, INFORMAL)

- Say, Leo, how would you like to have dinner one night, just you and me?

EXCLAM

13. say
If you say that something says it all , you mean that it shows you very clearly the truth about a situation or someone's feelings.

- This is my third visit in a week, which says it all.

PHR: V inflects

14. say
You can use ` You don't say ' to express surprise at what someone has told you. People often use this expression to indicate that in fact they are not surprised.

- `Apparently, people who had given to party funds were more likely to receive honours than those who hadn't.' --- `You don't say.'

CONVENTION feelings

15. say
If you say there is a lot to be said for something, you mean you think it has a lot of good qualities or aspects.

- There's a lot to be said for being based in the country.

PHR: amount PHR

16. say
If you say that someone doesn't have much to say for himself or herself , you mean that they are not speaking very much during a conversation. (INFORMAL)

- He's never got much to say for himself.

PHR

17. say
If someone asks what you have to say for yourself , they are asking what excuse you have for what you have done.

- `Well,' she said eventually, `what have you to say for yourself?'

PHR

18. say
If something goes without saying , it is obvious.

- It goes without saying that if someone has lung problems they should not smoke.

PHR: oft it PHR that

19. say
When one of the people or groups involved in a discussion has their say , they give their opinion.

- The Football Association have had their say and so have the Football League.

PHR: V inflects

20. say
You use ` Say what you like about someone or something ' when you are about to mention one good thing about a person or thing that many people do not like.

- Say what you like about them, but they did love their Mum.

PHR: PHR cl

21. say
You use ` I wouldn't say no ' to indicate that you would like something, especially something that has just been offered to you. (INFORMAL)

- I wouldn't say no to a drink.

CONVENTION formulae

22. say
You can use not to say when adding a stronger or more extreme description than the one you have just used.

- To those who've never received million dollar royalty cheques, this sounded a little odd, not to say offensive.

PHR: usu PHR adj

23. say
You use to say nothing of when you mention an additional thing which gives even more strength to the point you are making.

- Unemployment leads to a sense of uselessness, to say nothing of financial problems.

PHR: PHR n

24. say
You use shall I say and shall we say in order to warn someone that what you are about to say may cause offence or be surprising.

- ...whereas when you get older you're rather set in your ways, shall I say...

- My involvement has not been altogether, shall we say, ethical.

PHR: PHR with cl/group

25. say
You use that is to say or that's to say to indicate that you are about to express the same idea more clearly or precisely. (FORMAL)

- We're basically talking about an independent state in the territories that were occupied in 1967, that is to say, in the West Bank and Gaza.

PHR: PHR with cl/group
= that is

26. say
You can use ` You can say that again ' to express strong agreement with what someone has just said. (INFORMAL)

- `Must have been a fiddly job.' --- `You can say that again.'

CONVENTION emphasis

saying *

1. saying sayings
A saying is a sentence that people often say and that gives advice or information about human life and experience.

- We also realize the truth of that old saying: Charity begins at home.

- Her favourite saying was: `There are a lot of people far worse off than me.'

N-COUNT

2. saying sayings
The sayings of a person, especially a religious or political leader, are important things that they said or pieces of advice that they gave.

- The sayings of Confucius offer guidance on this matter.

N-COUNT: usu pl

say

verb

1.

speak

affirm

announce

assert

declare

maintain

mention

pronounce

remark

state

utter

voice

2.

suppose

assume

conjecture

estimate

guess

imagine

presume

surmise

3.

express

communicate

convey

imply

noun

4.

chance to speak

voice

vote

5.

influence

authority

clout informal

power

weight

saying

noun

proverb

adage

aphorism

axiom

dictum

maxim

sail

[D.J.:seil]

[K.K.:sel]

n.

帆

航行游览

航程

船

vt.

驾驶

vi.

起航, 开船；坐船旅行, 航行

sailing

[D.J.:ˈseɪlɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈselɪŋ]

n.

帆船运动

(轮船的)航班;起船

be (all) plain sailing

非常顺利；一帆风顺

sail ***

1. sail sails
Sails are large pieces of material attached to the mast of a ship. The wind blows against the sails and pushes the ship along.

- The white sails billow with the breezes they catch.

N-COUNT

2. sail sails sailing sailed
You say a ship sails when it moves over the sea.

- The trawler had sailed from the port of Zeebrugge.

- The Kruzenshtern is expected to sail for Boston this week.

VB

3. sail sails sailing sailed
If you sail a boat or if a boat sails , it moves across water using its sails.

- I shall get myself a little boat and sail her around the world.

- For nearly two hundred miles she sailed on, her sails hard with ice.

- She sails beautifully in winds over 60 knots.

V-ERG

4. sail sails sailing sailed
If a person or thing sails somewhere, they move there smoothly and fairly quickly.

- We got into the lift and sailed to the top floor.

- He launched the folded envelope and it sailed across the room.

VB

5. sail
When a ship sets sail , it leaves a port.

- He loaded his vessel with another cargo and set sail.

- Christopher Columbus set sail for the New World in the Santa Maria.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR prep

6. sail
If you cross the sea under sail , you cross it in a ship that has sails rather than an engine.

- ...the challenge and fun of going to sea under sail.

- ...a big ship under sail.

PHR

sailing **

1. sailing
Sailing is the activity or sport of sailing boats.

- There was swimming and sailing down on the lake.

N-UNCOUNT

2. sailing sailings
Sailings are trips made by a ship carrying passengers.

- Ferry companies are providing extra sailings from Calais.

- We'll get the next sailing.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft supp N

3. sailing
If you say that a task was not all plain sailing , you mean that it was not very easy.

- Pregnancy wasn't all plain sailing and once again there were problems.

- We know it won't be plain sailing at Wembley because there are no easy games at this level.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

sail

verb

1.

embark

set sail

2.

glide

drift

float

fly

skim

soar

sweep

wing

3.

pilot

steer

sail through ***

sail through sails through; sailing through; sailed through
If someone or something sails through a difficult situation or experience, they deal with it easily and successfully.

- While she sailed through her maths exams, he struggled.

- The agreement sailed through the French national assembly by 495 votes to 61.

PHR-V

sailboat

[D.J.:ˈseɪlˌbəʊt]

[K.K.:ˈselˌbot]

n.

<美>帆船(= sailing boat)

sailboat

sailboat sailboats
A sailboat is the same as a sailing boat . (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

sailcloth

[D.J.:ˈseɪlˌklɔ:θ, -ˌklɔθ]

[K.K.:ˈselˌklɔθ, -ˌklɑθ]

n.

帆布

sailcloth

1. sailcloth
Sailcloth a strong heavy cloth that is used for making things such as sails or tents.

- The mainsails are hand-cut and sewn from real sailcloth.

N-UNCOUNT

2. sailcloth
Sailcloth is a light canvas material that is used for making clothes.

- ...red sailcloth trousers.

N-UNCOUNT

sailing boat

sailing boat sailing boats
A sailing boat is a boat with sails. (BRIT; in AM use sailboat )
N-COUNT also sailing-boat .

sailing ship

sailing ship sailing ships
A sailing ship is a large ship with sails, especially of the kind that were used to carry passengers or cargo.

- American clippers were the ultimate sailing ships.

N-COUNT

sailor

[D.J.:ˈseilə]

[K.K.:ˈselɚ]

n.

水手, 海员

sailor **

sailor sailors
A sailor is someone who works on a ship or sails a boat.
N-COUNT

sailor

noun

mariner

marine

sea dog

seafarer

seaman

saint

[D.J.:seint]

[K.K.:sent]

n.

圣徒, 圣人；道德崇高的人

圣…(冠于人名、地名之前)

saint ***

1. saint
A saint is someone who has died and been officially recognized and honoured by the Christian church because his or her life was a perfect example of the way Christians should live.

- Every parish was named after a saint.

- ...Saint John.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE The title is usually pronounced

2. saint saints
If you refer to a living person as a saint , you mean that they are extremely kind, patient, and unselfish.

- My girlfriend Geraldine must be a bit of a saint to put up with me.

N-COUNT

sainthood

[D.J.:ˈseinthud]

[K.K.:ˈsentˌhʊd]

n.

圣徒的地位,圣徒

sainthood

sainthood
Sainthood is the state of being a saint.

- His elevation to sainthood is entirely justified.

- ...a candidate for sainthood.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

saintly

[D.J.:ˈseɪntli:]

[K.K.:ˈsentli]

adj.

像圣人的;非常圣洁善良的；神圣的

saintliness

n.

sake

[D.J.:seik]

[K.K.:sek]

n.

缘故; 理由

saintly ***

1. saintly
A saintly person behaves in a very good or very holy way.

- ...his saintly mother...

- She has been saintly in her self-restraint.

ADJ-GRADED

2. saintliness

- They were praised for their courage and saintliness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. sake
If you do something for the sake of something, you do it for that purpose or in order to achieve that result. You can also say that you do it for something's sake .

- Let's assume for the sake of argument that we manage to build a satisfactory database.

- For the sake of historical accuracy, please permit us to state the true facts.

- For safety's sake, never stand directly behind a horse.

PHR: PHR n

4. sake
If you do something for its own sake , you do it because you want to, or because you enjoy it, and not for any other reason. You can also talk about, for example, art for art's sake or sport for sport's sake .

- Economic change for its own sake did not appeal to him.

- I just like car trips for their own sake.

- ...a love of truth and learning for its own sake.

PHR: usu n PHR

5. sake
When you do something for someone's sake , you do it in order to help them or make them happy.

- I trust you to do a good job for Stan's sake.

- Linda knew that for both their sakes she must take drastic action.

PHR: N inflects, PHR with cl

6. sake
Some people use expressions such as for God's sake , for heaven's sake , for goodness sake , or for Pete's sake in order to express annoyance or impatience, or to add force to a question or request. The expressions `for God's sake' and `for Christ's sake' could cause offence. (INFORMAL)

- For goodness sake, why didn't you ring me?.

- You've got a computer system, for heaven's sake.

PHR: N inflects, PHR with cl feelings

saintly

adjective

virtuous

godly

holy

pious

religious

righteous

saintlike

sake

noun

1.

benefit

account

behalf

good

interest

welfare

2.

purpose

aim

end

motive

objective

reason

sak´e

sak´e
Sak´e is a Japanese alcoholic drink that is made from rice.
N-UNCOUNT also sake .

salaam

[D.J.:səˈlɑ:m]

[K.K.:səˈlɑm]

n.

(穆斯林的)额手礼,问安,敬礼

v.

行额手礼

salaam

1. salaam salaams salaaming salaamed
When someone salaams , they bow with their right hand on their forehead. This is used as a formal and respectful way of greeting someone in India and Muslim countries.

- He looked from one to the other of them, then salaamed and left.

VB

2. salaam
Some Muslims greet people by saying ` Salaam '.
CONVENTION

salacious

[D.J.:səˈleɪʃəs]

[K.K.:səˈleʃəs]

adj.

色情的；淫荡的

salaciousness

n.

salacity

n.

salacity

[D.J.:səˈlæsɪtɪ]

[K.K.:səˈlæsətɪ]

n.

好色;猥亵

salacious

1. salacious
If you describe something such as a book or joke as salacious , you think that it deals with sexual matters in an unnecessarily detailed way.

- The newspapers once again filled their columns with salacious details.

- ...a wildly salacious novel.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= prurient

2. salaciousness

- The book is written without a hint of salaciousness.

N-UNCOUNT
= prurience

salacious

adjective

lascivious

carnal

erotic

lecherous

lewd

libidinous

lustful

salad

[D.J.:ˈsæləd]

[K.K.:ˈsæləd]

n.

色拉, 凉拌菜

salad **

1. salad salads
A salad is a mixture of raw foods such as lettuce, cucumber, and tomatoes. It is often served with other food as part of a meal.

- ...a salad of tomato, onion and cucumber.

- ...potato salad.

N-VAR
See also fruit salad .

2. salad
If you refer to your salad days , you are referring to a period of your life when you were young and inexperienced. (LITERARY)

- The Grand Hotel did not seem to have changed since her salad days.

PHR

salad bowl

salad bowl salad bowls
A salad bowl is a large bowl from which salad is served at a meal.
N-COUNT

salad cream

salad cream salad creams
Salad cream is a pale yellow creamy sauce that you eat with salad.
N-MASS

salad dressing

salad dressing salad dressings
Salad dressing is a mixture of oil, vinegar, herbs, and other flavourings, which you pour over a salad.

- ...low-calorie salad dressings.

N-MASS

salamander

[D.J.:ˈsæləmændə]

[K.K.:ˈsæləˌmændɚ]

n.

火蜥蜴,火怪,耐火的人

salamander

salamander salamanders
A salamander is an animal that looks rather like a lizard, and that can live both on land and in water.
N-COUNT

salami

[D.J.:sæˈlɑ:mi(:)]

[K.K.:səˈlɑmi]

n.

意大利腊肠

salami

salami salamis
Salami is a type of strong-flavoured sausage. It is usually thinly sliced and eaten cold.
N-VAR

salaried

[D.J.:ˈsælərɪd]

adj.

领薪水的;付给薪水的

salaried *

salaried
Salaried people receive a salary from their job.

- ...salaried employees...

- James accepted the generously salaried job at the bank.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

salary

[D.J.:ˈsæləri]

[K.K.:ˈsæləri, ˈsælri]

n.

薪水

salary ***

salary salaries
A salary is the money that someone is paid each month by their employer, especially when they are in a profession such as teaching, law, or medicine.

- ...the lawyer was paid a huge salary...

- The government has decided to increase salaries for all civil servants.

N-VAR
= wage

salary

noun

pay

earnings

income

wage

wages

sale

[D.J.:seil]

[K.K.:sel]

n.

卖, 出售, 销售

销售额, 销售量

贱卖

销路, 市场需求

sales

[D.J.:ˈseilz]

adj.

销售的, 推销的

sale *****

1. sale
The sale of goods is the act of selling them for money.

- Efforts were made to limit the sale of alcohol.

- ...a proposed arms sale to Saudi Arabia...

- He had never intended living there after his wife's death and immediately set about trying to make a sale.

N-SING: usu with supp

2. sale sales
The sales of a product are the quantity of it that is sold.

- The newspaper has sales of 1.72 million.

- ...the huge Christmas sales of computer games.

- ...retail sales figures.

N-PLURAL

3. sale sales
The part of a company that deals with sales deals with selling the company's products.

- Until 1983 he worked in sales and marketing.

- She was their Dusseldorf sales manager.

N-PLURAL

4. sale sales
A sale is an occasion when a shop sells things at less than their normal price.

- ...a pair of jeans bought half-price in a sale...

- Many stores have started their January sales a month early.

N-COUNT

5. sale sales
A sale is an event when goods are sold to the person who offers the highest price.

- The Old Master was bought by London dealers at the Christie's sale.

N-COUNT
= auction

6. sale
If something is for sale , it is being offered to people to buy.

- His former home is for sale at £495,000.

- There was a Leica camera for sale in the window.

- The company is not for sale.

PHR

7. sale
Products that are on sale can be bought in shops. (mainly BRIT)

- English textbooks and dictionaries are on sale everywhere.

- All tickets go on sale this Friday.

PHR
= for sale

8. sale
If products in a shop are on sale , they can be bought for less than their normal price. (AM)

- He bought a sports jacket on sale at Gowings Men's Store.

PHR

9. sale
If a property or company is up for sale , its owner is trying to sell it.

- The castle has been put up for sale.

PHR
= on the market

sale

noun

1.

selling

deal

disposal

marketing

transaction

for sale

2.

available

obtainable

on the market

saleable

[D.J.:ˈseiləbl]

[K.K.:ˈseləbəl]

adj.

适于销售的

saleable

saleable
Something that is saleable is easy to sell to people.

- The Oxfam shops depend on regular supplies of saleable items.

ADJ-GRADED also salable .

saleroom

[D.J.:ˈseɪlrʊm]

n.

拍卖场；售货处

saleroom

saleroom salerooms
A saleroom is a place where things are sold by auction. (BRIT; in AM use salesroom )
N-COUNT
= auction room

sales clerk

sales clerk sales clerks
A sales clerk is a person who works in a shop selling things to customers and helping them to find what they want. (AM; in BRIT use shop assistant )
N-COUNT also salesclerk .

sales force

sales force sales forces
A company's sales force is all the people that work for that company selling its products.
N-COUNT also salesforce .

salesgirl

[D.J.:ˈseɪlzˌgɜ:l]

[K.K.:ˈselzˌɡə..l]

n.

女售货员

salesgirl

salesgirl salesgirls
A salesgirl is a young woman who sells things, especially in a shop. Many women prefer to be called a saleswoman or a salesperson rather than a salesgirl.
N-COUNT

salesman

[D.J.:ˈseilzmən]

[K.K.:ˈselzmən]

n.

售货员, 推销员

salesman **

salesman salesmen
A salesman is a man whose job is to sell things, especially directly to shops or other businesses on behalf of a company.

- ...an insurance salesman.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

salesmanship

[ˈseilzmənʃip]

n.

推销术,说服力,销售,推销

salesmanship

salesmanship
Salesmanship is the skill of persuading people to buy things.

- I was captured by his brilliant salesmanship.

N-UNCOUNT

salespeople

[D.J.:ˈseilzˌpi:pl]

[K.K.:ˈselzˌpipəl]

n.

售货员,店员

salesperson

[D.J.:ˈseɪlzˌpɜ:sən]

[K.K.:ˈselzˌpɚsən]

n.

售货员

salesperson *

salesperson salespeople or salespersons
A salesperson is a person who sells things, either in a shop or directly to customers on behalf of a company.
N-COUNT

sales pitch

sales pitch sales pitches
A salesperson's sales pitch is what they say in order to persuade someone to buy something from them.

- His sales pitch was smooth and convincing.

N-COUNT

salesroom

[D.J.:ˈseɪlzrʊm]

n.

拍卖场；售货处

salesroom

salesroom salesrooms
A salesroom is a place where things are sold by auction. (AM; in BRIT use saleroom )
N-COUNT
= auction room

sales slip

sales slip sales slips
A sales slip is a piece of paper that you are given when you buy something in a shop, which shows when you bought it and how much you paid. (AM; in BRIT use receipt )
N-COUNT

sales tax *

sales tax sales taxes
The sales tax on things that you buy is the amount of money that you pay to the national government, or, in the United States, to the local or state government.
N-VAR

saleswoman

[D.J.:ˈseɪlzˌwʊmən]

[K.K.:ˈselzˌwʊmən]

n.

女售货员,女店员

saleswoman

saleswoman saleswomen
A saleswoman is a woman who sells things, either in a shop or directly to customers on behalf of a company.
N-COUNT

salience

[D.J.:ˈseɪli:əns, ˈseɪljəns]

[K.K.:ˈseliəns, ˈseljəns]

n.

突出;特点

salient

[D.J.:ˈseɪli:ənt, ˈseɪljənt]

[K.K.:ˈseliənt, ˈseljənt]

adj.

显著的,重要的,主要的

(指角)凸出的

n.

凸角

<军>进攻或防卫阵地的突出部分

salient *

1. salient
The salient points or facts of a situation are the most important ones. (FORMAL)

- He read the salient facts quickly.

- Chronic fatigue is also one of the salient features of depression.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. salience

- ...the salience of social reforms.

N-UNCOUNT

3. salient salients
A salient is a narrow area where an army has pushed its front line forward into enemy territory. (MILITARY)

- The soldiers had to remain in a deathtrap salient for most of the rest of the war.

N-COUNT: usu sing

salient

adjective

prominent

conspicuous

important

noticeable

outstanding

pronounced

striking

saline

[D.J.:ˈseɪˌli:n, -ˌlaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈseˌlin, -ˌlaɪn]

adj.

含盐的,咸的

盐的

n.

盐湖,盐泉

盐溶液

salinity

n.

salinity

[səˈliniti]

n.

盐分,盐度

saline

1. saline
A saline substance or liquid contains salt.

- ...a saline solution.

- ...warm, saline water.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. salinity

- The Atlantic Ocean had undergone changes in temperature and salinity.

- ...a problem of soil salinity.

N-UNCOUNT

saliva

[D.J.:səˈlaɪvə]

[K.K.:səˈlaɪvə]

n.

唾液, 口水

saliva *

saliva
Saliva is the watery liquid that forms in your mouth and helps you to chew and digest food.
N-UNCOUNT

salivary gland

salivary gland salivary glands
Your salivary glands are the glands that produce saliva in your mouth.
N-COUNT:usu pl

salivate

[D.J.:ˈsæliveit]

[K.K.:ˈsæləˌvet]

vi.

(过量地)分泌唾液

salivation

[D.J.:ˌsæliˈveiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsæləˈveʃən]

n.

分泌唾液,流涎症

salivate

1. salivate salivates salivating salivated
When people or animals salivate , they produce a lot of saliva in their mouth, often as a result of seeing or smelling food.

- Any dog will salivate when presented with food.

VB
= drool

2. salivation

- ...night sweats and excessive perspiration or salivation.

N-UNCOUNT

3. salivate salivates salivating salivated
If you say that someone is salivating over something such as the chance to make a lot of money, you are emphasizing that you disapprove of their pleasure or eagerness.

- Johnson was salivating over the millions he stood to make.

- American companies were salivating at the juicy contracts for rebuilding Kuwait that were likely to come their way.

VB disapproval

sallow

[D.J.:ˈsæləʊ]

[K.K.:ˈsælo]

adj.

(尤指面色)蜡黄色的

n.

黄华柳,山毛柳

黄华柳细枝,黄华柳木

sallow

sallow
If a person has sallow skin, their skin, especially on their face, is a pale yellowish colour and looks unhealthy.

- Her sallow skin was drawn tightly across the bones of her face.

- His face was sallow and shiny with sweat.

ADJ-GRADED

sallow

adjective

wan

anaemic

pale

pallid

pasty

sickly

unhealthy

yellowish

sally

[D.J.:ˈsæli]

[K.K.:ˈsæli]

n.

突围,(感情等)迸发,俏皮话,远足

v.

突围,出发

sallying

[ˈsæliiŋ]

n.

船员跑动使船摆动

sally **

1. sally sallies
Sallies are clever and amusing remarks. (LITERARY)

- He had thus far succeeded in fending off my conversational sallies.

N-COUNT

2. sally sallies sallying sallied
If someone sallies forth or sallies somewhere, they go out into a rather difficult, dangerous, or unpleasant situation in a brave or confident way. (LITERARY)

- ...worrying about her when she sallies forth on her first date...

- Tamara would sally out on a bitterly cold night to keep her appointments.

VB

3. sally sallies
Also a noun.

- ...their first sallies outside the student world.

N-COUNT

salmon

[D.J.:ˈsæmən]

[K.K.:ˈsæmən]

n.

鲑鱼, 大马哈鱼

salmon **

1. salmon
A salmon is a large silver-coloured fish.
N-COUNT salmon is both the singular and the plural form

2. salmon
Salmon is the pink flesh of this fish which is eaten as food. It is often smoked and eaten raw.

- He gave them a splendid lunch of smoked salmon.

N-UNCOUNT salmon is both the singular and the plural form

salmonella

[D.J.:sælməˈnelə]

[K.K.:ˌsælməˈnɛlə]

n.

沙门氏菌

salmonella

salmonella
Salmonella is a disease caused by bacteria in food. You can also refer to the bacteria itself as salmonella .

- He thought he was suffering from salmonella poisoning because he'd been sick.

N-UNCOUNT

salmon pink

salmon pink
Something that is salmon pink or salmon is the orangey-pink colour of a salmon's flesh.
COLOUR

salon

[D.J.:ˈsælɔ:ŋ]

[K.K.:səˈlɑn, ˈsælˌɑn, sæˈlɔŋ]

n.

〈法〉(营业性质的)店, 厅, 院

沙龙(旧时在上流社会女主人家的例行聚会或聚会场所)

salon **

1. salon salons
A salon is a place where people have their hair cut or coloured, or have beauty treatments.

- ...a new hair salon.

- ...a beauty salon.

N-COUNT: usu n N

2. salon salons
A salon is a shop where smart, expensive clothes are sold.
N-COUNT

3. salon salons
A salon is an informal meeting of fashionable writers or artists, which is held at the house of someone who is well-known. Salons were more common in former times.

- His apartment was the most famous literary salon in Russia.

N-COUNT

4. salon salons
A salon is a sitting room in a large, grand house.
N-COUNT

saloon

[D.J.:səˈlu:n]

[K.K.:səˈlun]

n.

大厅, 交易厅

有某用途的公共大厅或建筑物

酒吧间; 酒店

轿车

saloon *

1. saloon saloons
A saloon or a saloon car is a car with seats for four or more people, a fixed roof, and a boot that is separated from the rear seats. (BRIT; in AM use sedan )
N-COUNT

2. saloon saloons
A saloon is a place where alcoholic drinks are sold and drunk. (AM)
N-COUNT
= bar

3. saloon saloons
The saloon or saloon bar in a pub or hotel is a comfortable bar where the drinks are more expensive than in the other bars. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT
= lounge

salsa

[D.J.:ˈsælsə]

[K.K.:ˈsɑlsə]

n.

〈美〉①萨尔萨舞曲②(辣)沙司，(辣)调味汁

salsa *

1. salsa salsas
Salsa is a hot, spicy sauce made from onions and tomatoes, usually eaten with Mexican or Spanish food.
N-MASS

2. salsa
Salsa is a type of dance music especially popular in Latin America.

- A band played salsa, and spectators danced wildly.

N-UNCOUNT

salt

[D.J.:sɔ:lt]

[K.K.:sɔlt]

n.

盐, 食盐

味道或外观等像盐的物质; 药用盐类

增添趣味[活跃气氛]的事物

vt.

加盐于…以调味; 用盐腌

撒盐于

使更有趣

salted

[ˈsɔ:ltid]

adj.

盐腌的,盐味的,有经验的,(动物)有免疫力的

salting

[ˈsɔ:ltiŋ]

n.

盐碱滩

salt ***

1. salt
Salt is a strong-tasting substance, in the form of white powder or crystals, which is used to improve the flavour of food or to preserve it. Salt occurs naturally in sea water.

- Season lightly with salt and pepper.

- ...a pinch of salt.

N-UNCOUNT

2. salt salts salting salted
When you salt food, you add salt to it.

- Salt the stock to your taste and leave it simmering very gently.

VB

3. salted

- Put a pan of salted water on to boil.

- ...lightly salted butter.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. salt salts
Salts are substances that are formed when an acid reacts with an alkali.

- The rock is rich in mineral salts.

N-COUNT: usu pl

5. salt
If you describe someone as the salt of the earth , you have a lot of respect for them as the type of person who deals with difficult or demanding situations without making any unnecessary fuss.

- Most of the people there are salt-of-the-earth, good, working-class people.

PHR: oft v-link PHR

6. salt
If you take something with a pinch of salt , you do not believe that it is completely accurate or true.

- You have to take these findings with a pinch of salt because respondents tend to give the answers they feel they should.

PHR: V inflects

7. salt
If you say, for example, that any doctor worth his or her salt would do something, you mean that any doctor who was good at his or her job or who deserved respect would do it.

- No golf teacher worth his salt would ever recommend that you grip the club tightly.

PHR: n PHR

8. salt
If someone or something rubs salt into the wound , they make the unpleasant situation that you are in even worse, often by reminding you of your failures or faults.

- I had no intention of rubbing salt into a friend's wounds, so all I said was that I did not give interviews.

PHR: V and wound inflect

salt

noun

1.

seasoning

flavour

relish

savour

taste

with a grain or pinch of salt

2.

sceptically

cynically

disbelievingly

suspiciously

with reservations

adjective

3.

salty

brackish

briny

saline

salt away ***

salt away salts away; salting away; salted away
If someone salts away sums of money, they save the money for the future, often illegally.

- Yesterday its president was accused of salting away tens of millions of dollars in foreign accounts.

PHR-V

salt cellar

salt cellar salt cellars
A salt cellar is a small container for salt with a hole or holes in the top for shaking salt onto food. (BRIT; in AM use salt shaker )
N-COUNT

saltine

[D.J.:sɔ:lˈti:n]

[K.K.:sɔlˈtin]

n.

撒盐饼干

saltine

saltine saltines
A saltine is a thin square biscuit with salt baked into its surface. (AM)
N-COUNT

salt marsh

salt marsh salt marshes
A salt marsh is an area of flat, wet ground which is sometimes covered by salt water or contains areas of salt water.
N-VAR

salt shaker

salt shaker salt shakers
A salt shaker is the same as a salt cellar . (mainly AM)
N-COUNT

salt water

salt water
Salt water is water from the sea, which has salt in it.
N-UNCOUNT also saltwater .
≠ fresh water

saltier

[ˈsæltiə]

n.

X形十字,圣安得鲁十字

saltiness

含盐性

salty

[D.J.:ˈsɔ:lti:]

[K.K.:ˈsɔlti]

adj.

含盐的, 咸的

粗俗的；猥亵的

salty *

1. salty saltier saltiest
Something that is salty contains salt or tastes of salt.

- ...salty foods such as ham and bacon.

- ...a cool salty sea breeze.

ADJ-GRADED

2. saltiness

- The saltiness of the cheese is balanced by the sweetness of the red peppers.

N-UNCOUNT

salty

adjective

salt

brackish

briny

saline

salubrious

[D.J.:səˈlu:bri:əs]

[K.K.:səˈlubriəs]

adj.

有益健康的

salubrious

1. salubrious
A place that is salubrious is pleasant and healthy. (FORMAL)

- ...your salubrious lochside hotel.

ADJ-GRADED

2. salubrious
Something that is described as salubrious is respectable or socially desirable. (FORMAL)

- ...London's less salubrious quarters.

ADJ-GRADED

salubrious

adjective

healthy

beneficial

good for one

health-giving

wholesome

salutary

[D.J.:ˈsæljəˌteri:]

[K.K.:ˈsæljəˌtɛri]

adj.

有益的,效果好的

salutary

salutary
A salutary experience is good for you, even though it may seem difficult or unpleasant at first. (FORMAL)

- It was a new and salutary experience to be in the minority.

- The letter had a very salutary effect.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

salutary

adjective

beneficial

advantageous

good for one

profitable

useful

valuable

salutation

[D.J.:ˌsæljəˈteɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsæljəˈteʃən]

n.

招呼, 致意, 致敬

salutation

1. salutation salutations
Salutation or a salutation is a greeting to someone. (FORMAL)

- Jackson turned his head and nodded a salutation.

- The old man moved away, raising his hand in salutation.

N-COUNT: also in/of N

2. salutation salutations
The salutation of a letter is the phrase that is used at the beginning of it, such as `Dear Sir' or `Dear Mr Rodd'. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT

salute

[D.J.:səˈlu:t]

[K.K.:səˈlut]

vt. & vi.

欢迎; 致敬

vt.

赞扬; 赞颂

n.

致敬, 欢迎, 敬礼

salute **

1. salute salutes saluting saluted
If you salute someone, you greet them or show your respect with a formal sign. Soldiers usually salute officers by raising their right hand so that their fingers touch their forehead.

- One of the company stepped out and saluted the General.

- I stood to attention and saluted.

VB

2. salute salutes
Also a noun.

- The soldier gave the clenched-fist salute.

- He raised his hand in salute.

N-COUNT: also in N

3. salute salutes saluting saluted
To salute a person or their achievements means to publicly show or state your admiration for them.

- I salute Governor Castle for the leadership role that he is taking.

- The statement salutes the changes of the past year.

VB
= praise

4. salute salutes
Also a noun.

- ...a special salute to Anne Scargill for her plucky underground protest.

N-COUNT

salute

noun

1.

greeting

address

recognition

salutation

verb

2.

greet

acknowledge

address

hail

welcome

3.

honour

acknowledge

pay tribute or homage to

recognize

salvage

[D.J.:ˈsælvidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈsælvɪdʒ]

n.

救援费

海上营救

经加工后重新利用的废物, 废料回收

抢救出的财产

vt.

(从火灾、海难等中)抢救(某物)

回收利用(某物)

salvaging

船舶打捞;抢修工程;废品处理;废品废料处理;废物利用

salvage **

1. salvage salvages salvaging salvaged
If something is salvaged , someone manages to save it, for example from a ship that has sunk, or from a building that has been damaged.

- The team's first task was to decide what equipment could be salvaged.

- The investigators studied flight recorders salvaged from the wreckage.

VB: usu passive

2. salvage
Salvage is the act of salvaging things from somewhere such as a damaged ship or building.

- The salvage operation went on.

- ...the cost of salvage.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

3. salvage
The salvage from somewhere such as a damaged ship or building is the things that are saved from it.

- They climbed up on the rock with their salvage.

N-UNCOUNT

4. salvage salvages salvaging salvaged
If you manage to salvage a difficult situation, you manage to get something useful from it so that it is not a complete failure.

- Officials tried to salvage the situation.

- Diplomats are still hoping to salvage something from the meeting.

VB

5. salvage salvages salvaging salvaged
If you salvage something such as your pride or your reputation, you manage to keep it even though it seems likely you will lose it, or you get it back it after losing it.

- We definitely wanted to salvage some pride for British tennis.

- Chantal was lucky to be able to salvage her career.

VB

salvage

verb

save

recover

redeem

rescue

retrieve

salvation

[D.J.:sælˈveiʃən]

[K.K.:sælˈveʃən]

n.

(对人的灵魂的)拯救

避免损失、躲避灾难等的途径或方法

salvation **

1. salvation
In Christianity, salvation is the fact that Christ has saved a person from evil.

- The church's message of salvation has changed the lives of many.

N-UNCOUNT

2. salvation
The salvation of someone or something is the act of saving them from harm, destruction, or an unpleasant situation.

- ...a poor, lost, lonely woman clinging for salvation to a son whom she knew was as lost as she was.

- ...those whose marriages are beyond salvation.

N-UNCOUNT

3. salvation
If someone or something is your salvation , they are responsible for saving you from harm, destruction, or an unpleasant situation.

- The country's salvation lies in forcing through democratic reforms.

- I consider books my salvation.

N-SING: with poss

salvation

noun

saving

deliverance

escape

preservation

redemption

rescue

Salvation Army *

Salvation Army
The Salvation Army is a Christian organization that aims to spread Christianity and care for the poor. Its members wear military-style uniforms.

- ...a Salvation Army hostel.

N-PROPER: the N, N n

salve

[D.J.:sæv, sɑ:v]

[K.K.:sæv, sɑv]

n.

药膏;软膏;油膏

vt.

<正>使良心得到宽慰;减轻内疚感

salve

1. salve salves salving salved
If you do something to salve your conscience, you do it in order to feel less guilty. (FORMAL)

- I give myself treats and justify them to salve my conscience.

VB
= ease

2. salve salves
Salve is an oily substance that is put on sore skin or a wound to help it heal.

- ...a soothing salve for sore, dry lips.

N-MASS
= balm

salve

noun

ointment

balm

cream

lotion

salver

[D.J.:ˈsælvə]

[K.K.:ˈsælvɚ]

n.

托盘, 盘子

salver

salver salvers
A salver is a flat object, usually made of silver, on which things are carried.

- ...silver salvers laden with flutes of champagne.

N-COUNT

salvo

[D.J.:ˈsælvəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈsælvo]

n.

(炮火)齐射,(礼炮)齐鸣

(掌声、 欢呼声)一阵

salvo *

1. salvo salvoes
A salvo is the firing of several guns or missiles at the same time in a battle or ceremony.

- They were to fire a salvo of blanks, after the national anthem.

N-COUNT

2. salvo salvoes
A salvo of angry words is a lot of them spoken or written at about the same time.

- His testimony, however, was only one in a salvo of new attacks.

N-COUNT: with supp

Samaritan

[D.J.:səˈmæritən]

[K.K.:səˈmærɪtn]

n.

撒马利亚人,撒马利亚人的

Samaritans

n.

〈宗〉撒马利坦会

Samaritan

Samaritan Samaritans
You refer to someone as a Samaritan if they help you when you are in difficulty.

- A good Samaritan offered us a room in his house.

N-COUNT

samba

[D.J.:ˈsæmbə]

[K.K.:ˈsæmbə, ˈsɑm-]

n.

桑巴舞(一种源自非洲的巴西舞)

vi.

跳桑巴舞

samba

samba sambas
A samba is a lively Brazilian dance.
N-COUNT

same

[D.J.:seim]

[K.K.:sem]

adj.

同一的

相同的; 同样的

pron.

同一事物; 同样的人

same *****

1. same
If two or more things, actions, or qualities are the same , or if one is the same as another, they are very like each other in some way.

- The houses were all the same -- square, close to the street, needing paint.

- In essence, all computers are the same.

- People with the same experience in the job should be paid the same.

- Driving a boat is not the same as driving a car.

- I want my son to wear the same clothes as everyone else at the school.

- Bihar had a population roughly the same as that of England.

ADJ: the ADJ, oft ADJ as n/-ing

2. same
If something is happening the same as something else, the two things are happening in a way that is similar or exactly the same.

- I mean, it's a relationship, the same as a marriage is a relationship.

- I want to go home having won a game of football the same as you leave the ground and you want to go away with your team having won.

- He just wanted the war to end, the same as Wally did.

PHR-CONJ-SUBORD

3. same
You use same to indicate that you are referring to only one place, time, or thing, and not to different ones.

- Bernard works at the same institution as Arlette.

- It's impossible to get everybody together at the same time.

- Members of his staff learn to work the same 13-hour days that he imposes on himself.

- John just told me that your birthday is on the same day as mine.

- ...business people who spoke the same language as himself...

- Gary plays football with the other children of the same age.

ADJ: the ADJ, oft ADJ n as n, ADJ n that

4. same
Something that is still the same has not changed in any way.

- Taking ingredients from the same source means the beers stay the same.

- Only 17% said the economy would improve, but 25% believed it would stay the same.

ADJ: the ADJ

5. same
You use the same to refer to something that has previously been mentioned or suggested.

- We made the decision which was right for us. Other parents must do the same.

- In the United States small specialised bookshops survive quite well. The same applies to small publishers.

- We like him very much and he says the same about us.

PRON: the PRON

6. same
Also an adjective.

- Dwight Eisenhower possessed much the same ability to appear likeable.

ADJ: the ADJ

7. same
You use same to refer to something that has already been mentioned in a document such as a business letter or bill. (FORMAL, WRITTEN)

- Wrist watches: £5. Inscription of same: £25.

PRON

8. same
You say ` same here ' in order to suggest that you feel the same way about something as the person who has just spoken to you, or that you have done the same thing. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- `Nice to meet you,' said Michael. `Same here,' said Mary Ann.

- `I hate going into stores.' --- `Same here,' said William.

CONVENTION formulae
= likewise

9. same
You say ` same to you ' in response to someone who wishes you well with something. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- `Have a nice Easter.' --- `And the same to you Bridie.'.

- `Goodbye, then, and thanks. Good luck.' --- `The same to you.'

CONVENTION formulae

10. same
You say ` same again ' when you want to order another drink of the same kind as the one you have just had. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- Give Roger another pint, Imogen, and I'll have the same again.

PHR

11. same
You can say all the same or just the same to introduce a statement which indicates that a situation or your opinion has not changed, in spite of what has happened or what has just been said.

- I arranged to pay him the dollars when he got there, a purely private arrangement. All the same, it was illegal.

- He was unable to pay attention to the papers on his desk. Just the same, he pulled over the stack of papers and started to examine them.

- Matt is weak and dependent, but you love him all the same.

- ...jokes that she did not understand but laughed at just the same.

PHR: PHR with cl

12. same
If you say ` It's all the same to me ', you mean that you do not care which of several things happens or is chosen. (mainly SPOKEN)

- Whether I've got a moustache or not it's all the same to me.

- What's the difference between a white lie and a lie? I mean, it's all the same to me.

PHR

13. same
When two or more people or things are thought to be separate and you say that they are one and the same , you mean that they are in fact one single person or thing.

- Luckily, Nancy's father and her attorney were one and the same person.

- I'm willing to work for the party because its interests and my interests are one and the same.

PHR: v-link PHR

14. same
You say ` the same ' or ` the very same ' in reply to someone's question when you are saying that they have identified a person or thing correctly. (SPOKEN, FORMAL)

- `This Sawtry guy, he is John Sawtry?' --- `Yes, sir. The very same.'

PHR

same

adjective

1.

aforementioned

aforesaid

2.

identical

alike

corresponding

duplicate

equal

twin

3.

unchanged

changeless

consistent

constant

invariable

unaltered

unvarying

sameness

[D.J.:ˈseɪmnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈsemnɪs]

n.

相同;酷似

千篇一律

sameness

sameness
The sameness of something is its lack of variety.

- He grew bored by the sameness of the speeches.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

same-sex

same-sex
Same-sex people are the same sex as each other, or the same sex as a particular person.

- They wish same-sex couples to be recognised as families.

- ...women's same-sex friends.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

samey

[ˈseimi]

adj.

〈英〉〈非正〉单调乏味的，无变化的

samey

samey
If you describe a set of things as samey , you mean that they are all very similar, and it would be more interesting if they were different from each other.

- He has written a batch of very samey tunes.

ADJ-GRADED

samizdat

[D.J.:ˈsɑ:mɪzˌdɑ:t, səmjɪzˈdɑ:t]

[K.K.:ˈsɑmɪzˌdɑt, səmjɪzˈdɑt]

n.

〈俄〉地下出版物

samizdat

samizdat
Samizdat referred to a system in the former USSR and Eastern Europe by which books and magazines forbidden by the state were illegally printed by groups who opposed the state. (FORMAL)

- ...a publisher specialising in samizdat literature.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

samosa

[D.J.:səˈməʊsə, sɑ:ˈməʊsɑ:]

[K.K.:səˈmosə, sɑˈmosɑ]

n.

萨莫萨三角饺

samosa

samosa samosas
A samosa is an Indian food consisting of vegetables, spices, and sometimes meat, wrapped in pastry and fried.
N-COUNT

samovar

[D.J.:ˌsæməuˈvɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈsæməˌvɑr]

n.

俄国的一种茶壶

samovar

samovar samovars
A samovar is a large decorated container for heating water, traditionally used in Russia for making tea.
N-COUNT

sample

[D.J.:ˈsɑ:mpl]

[K.K.:ˈsæmpəl]

n.

样品, 标本, 样本

vt.

抽样调查

品尝; 尝试

体验; 尝试

sampling

[D.J.:ˈsæmplɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsæmplɪŋ]

n.

抽样;取样

(乐曲的)节录, 选录

sample ***

1. sample samples
A sample of a substance or product is a small quantity of it that shows you what it is like.

- You'll receive samples of paint, curtains and upholstery.

- We're giving away 2000 free samples.

- They asked me to do some sample drawings.

N-COUNT

2. sample samples
A sample of a substance is a small amount of it that is examined and analysed scientifically.

- They took samples of my blood.

- ...urine samples.

N-COUNT
= specimen

3. sample samples
A sample of people or things is a number of them chosen out of a larger group and then used in tests or used to provide information about the whole group.

- We based our analysis on a random sample of more than 200 males.

N-COUNT

4. sample samples sampling sampled
If you sample food or drink, you taste a small amount of it in order to find out if you like it.

- We sampled a selection of different bottled waters.

VB
= taste

5. sample samples sampling sampled
If you sample a place or situation, you experience it for a short time in order to find out about it.

- ...the chance to sample a different way of life.

VB
= try

6. sample samples sampling sampled
When musicians or pieces of their music are sampled , parts of their music are used by other musicians in their own work.

- I don't actually mind being sampled as long as people give credit where it's due.

VB: usu passive

sample

noun

1.

specimen

example

instance

model

pattern

verb

2.

test

experience

inspect

taste

try

adjective

3.

test

representative

specimen

trial

sampler

[D.J.:ˈsæmplə]

[K.K.:ˈsæmplɚ]

n.

刺绣样品

样品检查员; 抽样者

(文学作品等的)范本；集锦

样板, 规具, 模型

采样器, 取样器

sampler *

1. sampler samplers
A sampler is a piece of cloth with words and patterns sewn on it, which is intended to show the skill of the person who made it.
N-COUNT

2. sampler samplers
A sampler is a piece of equipment that is used for copying a piece of music and using it to make a new piece of music.
N-COUNT

samurai

[D.J.:ˈsæməˌraɪ]

[K.K.:ˈsæməˌraɪ]

n.

(日本)陆军将校

<史>(日本封建时代的)武士

samurai

samurai
In former times, a samurai was a member of a powerful class of fighters in Japan.
N-COUNT samurai is both the singular and the plural form

sanatoria

n.

休养地

sanatorium

[D.J.:ˌsænəˈtɔ:ri:əm, -ˈtəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˌsænəˈtɔriəm, -ˈtor-]

n.

疗养院

sanatorium

sanatorium sanatoriums or sanatoria
A sanatorium is an institution that provides medical treatment and rest, often in a healthy climate, for people who have been ill for a long time.

- I had tuberculosis and was told I'd be in the sanatorium for two years.

N-COUNT (AM) also sanitarium
= clinic

sanctification

[sæŋktifiˈkeiʃən]

n.

神圣化,神灵化,使神圣

sanctified

[ˈsæŋktifaid]

adj.

神圣化的,认可的,批准的

sanctify

[D.J.:ˈsæŋktəˌfaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈsæŋktəˌfaɪ]

vt.

使神圣

洗清…的罪孽

批准,认可,使合法化

sanctification

n.

sanctify

1. sanctify sanctifies sanctifying sanctified
If something is sanctified by a priest or other holy person, the priest or holy person officially approves of it, or declares it to be holy.

- She is trying to make amends for her marriage not being sanctified.

VB: usu passive

2. sanctify sanctifies sanctifying sanctified
If an organization or event sanctifies something, it makes it approved of and respected, or unable to be changed.

- ...a law that sanctifies changes that have already occurred.

VB

sanctify

verb

consecrate

cleanse

hallow

sanctimonious

[D.J.:ˌsæŋktəˈməʊni:əs]

[K.K.:ˌsæŋktəˈmoniəs]

adj.

假装圣洁的

sanctimoniously

adv.

sanctimony

n.

sanctimony

[D.J.:ˈsæŋktiməni]

[K.K.:ˈsæŋktəˌmoni]

n.

假装神圣

sanctimonious

1. sanctimonious
If you say that someone is sanctimonious , you disapprove of them because you think that they are trying to appear morally better than other people.

- He writes smug, sanctimonious rubbish.

- You sanctimonious little hypocrite!

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= self-righteous

2. sanctimoniousness

- She displays none of the sanctimoniousness often associated with spirituality.

N-UNCOUNT

sanctimonious

adjective

holier-than-thou

hypocritical

pious

self-righteous

smug

sanction

[D.J.:ˈsæŋkʃən]

[K.K.:ˈsæŋkʃən]

n.

〈正〉批准, 认可

〈正〉制裁

〈正〉约束力

vt.

批准; 认可

sanction ****

1. sanction sanctions sanctioning sanctioned
If someone in authority sanctions an action or practice, they officially approve of it and allow it to be done.

- He may now be ready to sanction the use of force.

- He seemed to be preparing to sanction an increase in public borrowing.

VB
= approve

2. sanction
Also a noun.

- The king could not enact laws without the sanction of Parliament.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp
= approval

3. sanction sanctions
Sanctions are measures taken by countries to restrict trade and official contact with a country that has broken international law.

- The continued abuse of human rights has now led the United States to impose sanctions against the regime.

- He expressed his opposition to the lifting of sanctions.

N-PLURAL: oft N against/on n

4. sanction sanctions
A sanction is a severe course of action which is intended to make people obey instructions, customs, or laws.

- As an ultimate sanction, they can sell their shares if they disagree with the company's investment policy.

N-COUNT

5. sanction sanctions sanctioning sanctioned
If a country or an authority sanctions another country or a person for doing something, it declares that the country or person is guilty of doing it and imposes sanctions on them.

- ...their failure to sanction Japan for butchering whales in violation of international conservation treaties.

VB

sanction

noun

1.

permission

approval

authority

authorization

backing

O.K. or okay informal

stamp or seal of approval

often plural 2.

ban

boycott

coercive measures

embargo

penalty

verb

3.

permit

allow

approve

authorize

endorse

sanctity

[D.J.:ˈsæŋktɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈsæŋktɪti]

n.

圣洁,神圣

不可侵犯

sanctity

sanctity
If you talk about the sanctity of something, you mean that it is very important and must be treated with respect.

- ...the sanctity of human life.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

sanctity

noun

1.

sacredness

inviolability

2.

holiness

godliness

goodness

grace

piety

sanctuary

[D.J.:ˈsæŋktʃu:ˌeri:]

[K.K.:ˈsæŋktʃuˌɛri]

n.

圣所, 圣地

圣堂

庇护所

庇护, 庇护权

避难所

禁猎区, 鸟兽类保护区

sanctuary **

1. sanctuary sanctuaries
A sanctuary is a place where people who are in danger from other people can go to be safe.

- His church became a sanctuary for thousands of people who fled the civil war.

N-COUNT
= haven

2. sanctuary
Sanctuary is the safety provided in a sanctuary.

- Some of them have sought sanctuary in the church.

N-UNCOUNT

3. sanctuary sanctuaries
A sanctuary is a place where birds or animals are protected and allowed to live freely.

- ...a bird sanctuary.

- ...a wildlife sanctuary.

N-COUNT: oft n N

sanctuary

noun

1.

shrine

altar

church

temple

2.

protection

asylum

haven

refuge

retreat

shelter

3.

reserve

conservation area

national park

nature reserve

sanctum

[D.J.:ˈsæŋktəm]

[K.K.:ˈsæŋktəm]

n.

(寺庙或教堂的)圣所

<口>私室

sanctum

1. sanctum sanctums
If you refer to someone's inner sanctum , you mean a room which is private and sometimes secret, where they can be quiet and alone.

- His bedroom's his inner sanctum.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. sanctum sanctums
A sanctum is the holiest place inside a holy building such as a temple or mosque.
N-COUNT

sand

[D.J.:sænd]

[K.K.:sænd]

n.

沙, 沙子

沙滩; 沙洲

vt.

用砂纸磨光

在某物上撒沙, 用沙覆盖

sanded

[ˈsændid]

adj.

铺满沙的,满地是沙的,沙地的

sanding

[ˈsændiŋ]

n.

砂纸打磨

sand ***

1. sand
Sand is a substance that looks like powder, and consists of extremely small pieces of stone. Some deserts and many beaches are made up of sand.

- They all walked barefoot across the damp sand to the water's edge.

- ...grains of sand.

N-UNCOUNT

2. sand sands
Sands are a large area of sand, for example a beach.

- ...miles of golden sands.

N-PLURAL

3. sand sands sanding sanded
If you sand a wood or metal surface, you rub sandpaper over it in order to make it smooth or clean.

- Sand the surface softly and carefully.

VB

4. sand down sands cown; sanding down; sanded down
Sand down means the same as sand .

- I was going to sand down the chairs and repaint them.

- Simply sand them down with a fine grade of sandpaper.

PHR-V

5. sand
If you refer to the shifting sands of a situation, you mean that it changes so often that it is difficult to deal with.

- He had been a rock in the shifting sands of her existence.

- ...his shrewd tactical skills in the shifting sands of Arab politics.

PHR: oft PHR of n

sandal

[D.J.:ˈsændl]

[K.K.:ˈsændl]

n.

凉鞋

sandal *

sandal sandals
Sandals are light shoes that you wear in warm weather, which have straps instead of a solid part over the top of your foot.
N-COUNT

sandalwood

[D.J.:ˈsændlˌwʊd]

[K.K.:ˈsændl..ˌwʊd]

n.

檀香木

sandalwood

1. sandalwood
Sandalwood is the sweet-smelling wood of a tree that is found in South Asia and Australia. It is also the name of the tree itself.
N-UNCOUNT

2. sandalwood
Sandalwood is the oil extracted from the wood of the tree. It is used to make perfume.
N-UNCOUNT

sandbag

[D.J.:ˈsændbæɡ]

[K.K.:ˈsændˌbæɡ]

n.

沙袋

vt.

堆沙袋,用沙袋打

sandbag

1. sandbag sandbags
A sandbag is a cloth bag filled with sand. Sandbags are usually used to build walls for protection against floods or explosions.
N-COUNT

2. sandbag sandbags sandbagging sandbagged
To sandbag something means to protect or strengthen it using sandbags.

- Residents sandbagged their homes to keep out flood waters.

VB

sandbank

[D.J.:ˈsændbæŋk]

[K.K.:ˈsændˌbæŋk]

n.

沙洲,沙丘

sandbank

sandbank sandbanks
A sandbank is a bank of sand below the surface of the sea or a river.

- The ship hit a sandbank and capsized.

N-COUNT

sandbar

[D.J.:ˈsændbɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈsændˌbɑr]

n.

沙洲

sandbar

sandbar sandbars
A sandbar is a sandbank which is found especially at the mouth of a river or harbour.
N-COUNT also sand bar .

sandbox

[D.J.:ˈsændbɔks]

[K.K.:ˈsændˌbɑks]

n.

沙箱,沙盒

sandbox

sandbox sandboxes
A sandbox is a shallow hole or box in the garden with sand in it where small children can play. (AM; in BRIT use sandpit )
N-COUNT

sand castle

sand castle sand castles
A sand castle is a pile of sand, usually shaped like a castle, which children make when they are playing on the beach.
N-COUNT

sand dune

sand dune sand dunes
A sand dune is a hill of sand near the sea or in a sand desert.
N-COUNT: usu pl
= dune

sander

[D.J.:ˈsændə]

[K.K.:ˈsændɚ]

n.

磨沙机

sanders

[ˈsændəs]

n.

檀香,檀木

sander

sander sanders
A sander is a machine for making wood or metal surfaces smoother.
N-COUNT

S & L

S & L S & Ls
S & L is an abbreviation for savings and loan .
N-COUNT

S & M

S & M
S & M is an abbreviation for sado-masochism .
N-UNCOUNT

sandpaper

[D.J.:ˈsændˌpeɪpə]

[K.K.:ˈsændˌpepɚ]

n.

砂纸

vt.

用砂纸磨光(某物)

sandpaper

sandpaper
Sandpaper is strong paper that has a coating of sand on it. It is used for rubbing wood or metal surfaces to make them smoother.
N-UNCOUNT

sandpit

[D.J.:ˈsændpit]

[K.K.:ˈsændˌpɪt]

n.

采沙坑

sandpit

sandpit sandpits
A sandpit is a shallow hole or box in the ground with sand in it where small children can play. (BRIT; in AM use sandbox )
N-COUNT also sand-pit .

sandstone

[D.J.:ˈsændˌstəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈsændˌston]

n.

砂岩

sandstone *

sandstone sandstones
Sandstone is a type of rock which contains a lot of sand. It is often used for building houses and walls.

- ...the reddish sandstone walls.

- ...sandstone cliffs.

N-MASS

sandstorm

[D.J.:ˈsændˌstɔ:m]

[K.K.:ˈsændˌstɔrm]

n.

沙暴;尘暴

sandstorm

sandstorm sandstorms
A sandstorm is a strong wind in a desert area, which carries sand through the air.
N-COUNT

sandwich

[D.J.:ˈsænwidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈsændwɪtʃ, ˈsæn-]

n.

三明治

vt.

把…夹在…之间

挤在…中间

sandwiching

夹层;夹层铺料

sandwich **

1. sandwich sandwiches
A sandwich usually consists of two slices of bread with a layer of food such as cheese or meat between them.

- ...a ham sandwich.

N-COUNT

2. sandwich sandwiches sandwiching sandwiched
If you sandwich two things together with something else, you put that other thing between them. If you sandwich one thing between two other things, you put it between them.

- Carefully split the sponge ring, then sandwich the two halves together with whipped cream.

- When you write, avoid sandwiching the bad news between an irrelevant, indirect, or overly cushioned beginning and end.

VB

sandwiched

sandwiched
If something is sandwiched between two other things, it is in a narrow space between them.

- The original kitchen was sandwiched between the breakfast room and the toilet.

ADJ: v-link ADJ between pl-n
See also sandwich .

sandwich course

sandwich course sandwich courses
A sandwich course is an educational course in which you have periods of study between periods of being at work. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

sandy

[D.J.:ˈsændi:]

[K.K.:ˈsændi]

adj.

沙的, 含沙的, 多沙的

沙色的

sandy **

1. sandy sandier sandiest
A sandy area is covered with sand.

- ...long, sandy beaches.

- ...a sandy path.

ADJ-GRADED

2. sandy sandier sandiest
Sandy hair is light orangey-brown in colour.
ADJ-GRADED

sane

[D.J.:sein]

[K.K.:sen]

adj.

心智健全的; 神志正常的

明智的, 稳健的, 理智的

sane *

1. sane saner sanest
Someone who is sane is able to think and behave normally and reasonably, and is not mentally ill.

- He seemed perfectly sane.

- It wasn't the act of a sane person.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ insane

2. sane saner sanest
If you refer to a sane person, action, or system, you mean one that you think is reasonable and sensible.

- No sane person wishes to see conflict or casualties.

- ...a sane and safe energy policy.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ insane

sane

adjective

1.

rational

all there informal

compos mentis

in one's right mind

mentally sound

of sound mind

2.

sensible

balanced

judicious

level-headed

reasonable

sound

sang

[D.J.:sæŋ]

[K.K.:sæŋ]

sing的过去式

sing

[D.J.:siŋ]

[K.K.:sɪŋ]

vt. & vi.

唱; 歌唱

vi.

(鸟)鸣, 啭, 啼; 嗡嗡叫

singing

[D.J.:ˈsɪŋɪŋ]

n.

唱歌; 鸟鸣;<物, 无>振鸣, 啸声

all singing, all dancing

(机器或系统)技术先进，功能多样

sung

[D.J.:sʌŋ]

[K.K.:sʌŋ]

(sing的过去分词)

n.

(S-)宋朝

sang

sang
Sang is the past tense of sing .

sing ****

1. sing sings singing sang sung
When you sing , you make musical sounds with your voice, usually producing words that fit a tune.

- I can't sing.

- I sing about love most of the time.

- They were all singing the same song.

- Go on, then, sing us a song!.

- `You're getting to be a habit with me,' sang Eddie.

- ...an operatic aria sung by Luciano Pavarotti.

VB

2. sing sings singing sang sung
When birds or insects sing , they make pleasant high-pitched sounds.

- Birds were already singing in the garden.

VB

3. sing
If you say that people, especially people in the same organization, are singing from the same hymn sheet or are singing from the same song sheet , you mean that they are saying the same things in public about something and appear to agree about it.

- We should bring together the departments so that we're all singing from the same hymn sheet.

PHR: V inflects

sing.

sing.
Sing. is a written abbreviation for singular .

singing **

singing
Singing is the activity of making musical sounds with your voice.

- ...a people's carnival, with singing and dancing in the streets.

- ...the singing of a traditional hymn...

- She's having singing lessons.

N-UNCOUNT

sung

sung
Sung is the past participle of sing .

sing

verb

1.

warble

carol

chant

chirp

croon

pipe

trill

yodel

2.

hum

buzz

purr

whine

sang-froid

[ˌsɔŋˈfrwɑ:]

n.

(在危险或困难面前)沉着, 临危不乱

sang-froid

sang-froid
A person's sang-froid is their ability to remain calm in a dangerous or difficult situation. (FORMAL)

- He behaves throughout with a certain sang-froid.

N-UNCOUNT also sangfroid .

sangria

[D.J.:sæŋˈɡri:ə]

[K.K.:sæŋˈɡriə, sæn-]

n.

〈西〉桑格利亚汽酒

sangria

sangria
Sangria is a Spanish drink made of red wine, orange or lemon juice, soda, and brandy.
N-UNCOUNT

sanguine

[D.J.:ˈsæŋgwɪn]

[K.K.:ˈsæŋɡwɪn]

adj.

充满希望的;乐观的

面色红润的

sanguine *

sanguine
If you are sanguine about something, you are cheerful and confident that things will happen in the way you want them to.

- He's remarkably sanguine about the problems involved.

- They have begun to take a more sanguine view.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n

sanguine

adjective

cheerful

buoyant

confident

hopeful

optimistic

sanitary

[D.J.:ˈsænɪˌteri:]

[K.K.:ˈsænɪˌtɛri]

adj.

清洁的, 卫生的, 保健的

sanitary *

1. sanitary
Sanitary means concerned with keeping things clean and healthy, especially by providing a sewage system and a clean water supply.

- Sanitary conditions are appalling.

- The vast majority live in tin shacks without electricity, clean water or sanitary facilities.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. sanitary
If you say that a place is not sanitary , you mean that it is not very clean.

- It's not the most sanitary place one could swim.

ADJ-GRADED: usu with brd-neg
= hygienic

sanitary

adjective

hygienic

clean

germ-free

healthy

wholesome

sanitary napkin

sanitary napkin sanitary napkins
A sanitary napkin is the same as a sanitary towel . (AM)
N-COUNT

sanitary protection

sanitary protection
Sanitary protection is sanitary towels or tampons.
N-UNCOUNT

sanitary towel

sanitary towel sanitary towels
A sanitary towel is a pad of thick soft material which women wear to absorb the blood during their periods. (BRIT; in AM use sanitary napkin )
N-COUNT

sanitation

[D.J.:ˌsæniˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsænɪˈteʃən]

n.

卫生系统或设备

sanitation *

sanitation
Sanitation is the process of keeping places clean and healthy, especially by providing a sewage system and a clean water supply.

- ...the hazards of contaminated water and poor sanitation.

N-UNCOUNT

sanitize

[D.J.:ˈsænitaiz]

[K.K.:ˈsænɪˌtaɪz]

vt.

使清洁, 进行消毒

审查, 净化

sanitizing

[ˈsænitaiziŋ]

n.

消毒

sanitize

sanitize sanitizes sanitizing sanitized
To sanitize an activity or a situation that is unpleasant or unacceptable means to describe it in a way that makes it seem more pleasant or more acceptable.

- ...the cosy English school of crime writers who sanitise violence and make it respectable...

- He's worried that he's only going to get a sanitized version of what actually happened.

VB (BRIT) also sanitise

sanity

[D.J.:ˈsænɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈsænɪti]

n.

神志正常;心智健康

明智, 稳健, 理智

sanity *

1. sanity
A person's sanity is their ability to think and behave normally and reasonably.

- He and his wife finally had to move from their apartment just to preserve their sanity.

N-UNCOUNT

2. sanity
If there is sanity in a situation or activity, there is a purpose and a regular pattern, rather than confusion and worry.

- Rafsanjani has been considering various ways of introducing some sanity into the currency market.

N-UNCOUNT

sanity

noun

1.

mental health

normality

rationality

reason

saneness

2.

good sense

common sense

level-headedness

rationality

sense

sank

[D.J.:sæŋk]

[K.K.:sæŋk]

sink的过去式

sink

[D.J.:siŋk]

[K.K.:sɪŋk]

vt. & vi.

(使)下沉; (使)沉没

n.

水池, 水槽

sinking

[D.J.:ˈsiŋkiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsɪŋkɪŋ]

n.

沉没

sinks

沉物

sunk

[D.J.:sʌŋk]

[K.K.:sʌŋk]

sink的过去分词

be sunk in sth

陷入不快( 或沉思) 中

sank

Sank is the past tense of sink .

sink ***

1. sink sinks
A sink is a large fixed container in a kitchen, with taps to supply water. It is mainly used for washing dishes.

- The sink was full of dirty dishes.

- ...the kitchen sink.

N-COUNT

2. sink sinks
A sink is the same as a washbasin or basin .

- The bathroom is furnished with 2 toilets, 2 showers, and 2 sinks.

N-COUNT

3. sink sinks sinking sank sunk
If a boat sinks or if someone or something sinks it, it disappears below the surface of a mass of water.

- In a naval battle your aim is to sink the enemy's ship.

- The boat was beginning to sink fast.

- The lifeboat crashed against the side of the sinking ship.

V-ERG

4. sinking sinkings

- ...the sinking of the Titanic.

N-COUNT

5. sink sinks sinking sank sunk
If something sinks , it disappears below the surface of a mass of water.

- A fresh egg will sink and an old egg will float.

VB
≠ float

6. sink sinks sinking sank sunk
If something sinks , it moves slowly downwards.

- Far off to the west the sun was sinking.

- When they came to build the southern spire the foundations began to sink.

VB

7. sink sinks sinking sank sunk
If you sink , you move into a lower position, for example by sitting down in a chair or kneeling. (WRITTEN)

- Kate laughed, and sank down again to her seat.

- She sank into an armchair and crossed her legs.

- `Don't you understand?' I moaned, sinking dramatically to my knees.

VB

8. sink sinks sinking sank sunk
If something sinks to a lower level or standard, it falls to that level or standard.

- Share prices would have sunk - hurting small and big investors.

- Pay increases have sunk to around seven per cent.

- The pound has sunk 10 per cent against the schilling .

VB
= drop

9. sink sinks sinking sank sunk
If your voice sinks , it becomes quieter. (WRITTEN)

- Her voice sank, and he moved closer to catch what she was saying.

- Her voice had sunk to a whisper.

VB
= fall

10. sink sinks sinking sank sunk
To sink into an unpleasant or undesirable mood, situation, or state means to pass gradually into it. (WRITTEN)

- She'd sometimes sink into depression.

- That night he sank into a deep coma.

- Bulgaria's economy has sunk into chaos.

VB

11. sink sinks sinking sank sunk
If your heart or your spirits sink , you become depressed or lose hope.

- My heart sank because I thought he was going to dump me for another girl.

- Her spirits sank lower and lower.

VB

12. sink sinks sinking sank sunk
If something sharp sinks or is sunk into something solid, it goes deeply into it.

- He sinks the needle into my arm.

- I sank my teeth into a peppermint cream.

- The spade sank into a clump of overgrown bushes.

V-ERG

13. sink sinks sinking sank sunk
If someone sinks a well, mine, or other large hole, they make a deep hole in the ground, usually by digging or drilling.

- ...the site where Stephenson sank his first mineshaft...

- If they carry on sinking boreholes then the land is likely to subside.

- ...a one-thousand foot deep hole sunk into the rock.

VB

14. sink sinks sinking sank sunk
If you sink money into a business or project, you spend money on it in the hope of making more money.

- He has already sunk $25million into the project.

VB
= plough

15. sink sinks sinking sank sunk
If someone sinks a number of alcoholic drinks, they drink them quickly. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She sank two glasses of white wine.

VB
= down

16. sink sinks sinking sank sunk
In golf, snooker, and some other games, if you sink a ball or a putt, you successfully hit the ball into a hole.

- He sank two crucial putts in the last three holes.

VB

17. sink
If you say that someone will have to sink or swim , you mean that they will have to succeed through their own efforts, or fail.

- The government doesn't want to force inefficient firms to sink or swim too quickly.

- It was very much sink or swim.

PHR
to sink without trace : see trace .

sinking

sinking
If you have a sinking feeling, you suddenly become depressed or lose hope.

- I began to have a sinking feeling that I was not going to get rid of her.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also sink .

sunk

1. Sunk is the past participle of sink .

2. sunk
If you say that someone is sunk , you mean that they have no hope of avoiding trouble or failure. (INFORMAL)

- Without him we'd be well and truly sunk.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

sink

verb

1.

descend

dip

drop

fall

founder

go down

go under

lower

plunge

submerge

subside

2.

fall

abate

collapse

drop

lapse

slip

subside

3.

decline

decay

deteriorate

diminish

dwindle

fade

fail

flag

lessen

weaken

worsen

4.

dig

bore

drill

drive

excavate

5.

stoop

be reduced to

lower oneself

Sanskrit

[D.J.:ˈsænskrɪt]

[K.K.:ˈsænskrɪt]

n.

梵文;梵语

Sanskrit

Sanskrit
Sanskrit is an ancient language which used to be spoken in India and is now used only in religious writings and ceremonies.
N-UNCOUNT

Santa Claus *

Santa Claus
Santa Claus or Santa is an imaginary old man with a long white beard and a red coat. Traditionally, young children in many countries are told that he brings their Christmas presents.
N-PROPER
= Father Christmas

sap

[D.J.:sæp]

[K.K.:sæp]

n.

<口>傻瓜, 笨蛋

树液, 体液

元气, 活力

vt.

逐渐削弱(某人〔某事物〕的力量、活力等)

逐渐消耗(某人的力量、活力等)

sapped

[sæpt]

adj.

受冰川作用侵蚀(或裂碎)的

sapping

基蚀,挖掘,下切

sap *

1. sap saps sapping sapped
If something saps your strength or confidence, it gradually weakens or destroys it.

- I was afraid the sickness had sapped my strength.

- Analysts say the recession in Japan has sapped investor confidence.

VB
= diminish

2. sap
Sap is the watery liquid in plants and trees.

- The leaves, bark and sap are also common ingredients of local herbal remedies.

N-UNCOUNT

3. sap saps
If you describe someone as a sap , you think they are foolish. (INFORMAL)

- ...her poor sap of a husband.

N-COUNT disapproval

sap

noun

1.

vital fluid

essence

lifeblood

2.

fool

idiot

jerk slang chiefly U.S. & Canad.

ninny

simpleton

twit informal

wally slang

sap

verb Informal

weaken

deplete

drain

exhaust

undermine

sapling

[D.J.:ˈsæplɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsæplɪŋ]

n.

幼树, 树苗

sapling

sapling saplings
A sapling is a young tree.

- ...newly planted saplings swaying gently in the spring breeze.

N-COUNT

sapper

[D.J.:ˈsæpə]

[K.K.:ˈsæpɚ]

n.

挖地道的兵,工兵

sapper

sapper sappers
A sapper is a soldier whose job is to do building, digging, and similar work.

- They requested sappers to mend bridges or remove mines.

N-COUNT

sapphire

[D.J.:ˈsæfˌaɪə]

[K.K.:ˈsæfˌaɪr]

n.

蓝宝石;钢玉宝石

蔚蓝色

adj.

蔚蓝色的

sapphire *

1. sapphire sapphires
A sapphire is a precious stone which is blue in colour.

- ...a sapphire engagement ring.

N-VAR: oft N n

2. sapphire sapphires
Something that is sapphire is bright blue in colour. (LITERARY)

- ...white snow and sapphire skies.

COLOUR

sappy

[D.J.:ˈsɔpi:]

[K.K.:ˈsɑpi]

adj.

<非正>一味情意缠绵的;感情过于丰富的;多愁善感的

sappy

1. sappy
Sappy stems or leaves contain a lot of liquid.

- Do not overfeed them, as this will encourage soft sappy growth.

ADJ-GRADED

2. sappy
If you describe someone or something as sappy , you think they are foolish. (AM, INFORMAL)

- I wrote this sappy love song.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

Saran wrap

Saran wrap
Saran wrap is a thin, clear, stretchy plastic which you use to cover food to keep it fresh. (TRADEMARK) (AM; in BRIT use clingfilm )
N-UNCOUNT
= plastic wrap

sarcasm

[D.J.:ˈsɑ:ˌkæzəm]

[K.K.:ˈsɑrˌkæzəm]

n.

讥讽, 讽刺, 挖苦

sarcasm *

sarcasm
Sarcasm is speech or writing which actually means the opposite of what it seems to say. Sarcasm is usually intended to mock or insult someone.

- `I hope I didn't get you out of your shower,' Philpott said with thinly veiled sarcasm.

- His voice was heavy with sarcasm.

- Fred ignored the sarcasm.

N-UNCOUNT

sarcasm

noun

irony

bitterness

cynicism

derision

mockery

satire

sarcastic

[D.J.:sɑ:ˈkæstik]

[K.K.:sɑrˈkæstɪk]

adj.

讥讽的, 讽刺的, 挖苦的

sarcastically

[D.J.:s ɑ:rˈkæstɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:s ɑrˈkæstɪkəlɪ]

adv.

讽刺地;挖苦地

sarcastic *

1. sarcastic
Someone who is sarcastic says or does the opposite of what they really mean in order to mock or insult someone.

- She poked fun at people's shortcomings with sarcastic remarks.

ADJ-GRADED

2. sarcastically

- `What a surprise!' Caroline murmured sarcastically.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

sarcastic

adjective

ironical

acid

biting

caustic

cutting

cynical

mocking

sardonic

sarky Brit. informal

satirical

sarcoma

[D.J.:sɑ:ˈkəumə]

[K.K.:sɑrˈkomə]

n.

肉瘤,恶性毒瘤

sarcoma

sarcoma sarcomas
Sarcoma is one of the two main forms of cancer. It affects tissues such as muscle and bone.
N-VAR

sarcophagi

[sɑ:ˈkɔfəɡai]

n.

石棺(sarcophagus的复数)

sarcophagus

[D.J.:sɑ:ˈkɔfəɡəs]

[K.K.:sɑrˈkɑfəɡəs]

n.

石棺

sarcophagus

sarcophagus sarcophagi or sarcophaguses
A sarcophagus is a large decorative container in which a dead body was placed in ancient times.

- ...an Egyptian sarcophagus.

N-COUNT
= casket

sardine

[D.J.:sɑ:ˈdi:n]

[K.K.:sɑrˈdin]

n.

沙丁鱼(罐装的)

sardine *

1. sardine sardines
Sardines are a kind of small sea fish, often eaten as food.

- They opened a tin of sardines.

N-COUNT

2. sardine
If you say that a crowd of people are packed like sardines , you are emphasizing that they are sitting or standing so close together that they cannot move easily.

- The refugees were packed like sardines.

PHR: usu v-link PHR emphasis

sardonic

[D.J.:sɑ:ˈdɔnɪk]

[K.K.:sɑrˈdɑnɪk]

adj.

嘲笑的;讥笑的

sardonically

[D.J.:s ɑ:ˈd ɔnɪkəlɪ]

[K.K.:s ɑrˈd ɑnɪklɪ]

adv.

讽刺地;冷嘲地

sardonic *

1. sardonic
If you describe someone as sardonic , you mean their attitude to people or things is humorous but rather critical.

- He was a big, sardonic man, who intimidated even the most self-confident students.

- ...a sardonic sense of humour.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. sardonically

- He grinned sardonically and bowed towards her.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

sardonic

adjective

mocking

cynical

derisive

dry

ironical

sarcastic

sneering

wry

sarge

[D.J.:sɑ:dʒ]

[K.K.:sɑrdʒ]

n.

警官;军士长;军士

sarge

sarge
A sergeant is sometimes addressed as sarge or referred to as the sarge . (INFORMAL)

- `Good luck, sarge,' he said.

- The sarge isn't here guv.

N-VOC; N-SING: the N

sari

[D.J.:ˈsɑ:ri:]

[K.K.:ˈsɑri]

n.

莎丽

sari *

sari saris
A sari is a piece of clothing worn especially by Indian women. It consists of a long piece of thin material that is wrapped around the body.
N-COUNT

sarin

[D.J.:ˈsɑ:rin,ˈsæ-,zɑ:ˈri:n]

[K.K.:ˈsɛrɪn]

n.

沙林,甲氟膦酸异丙酯(一种用作神经性毒气的化学剂)

sarin

sarin
Sarin is an extremely poisonous gas that is used in chemical weapons.
N-UNCOUNT

sarnie

n.

三明治,夹心面包

sarnie

sarnie sarnies
A sarnie is a sandwich. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...two crates of beer and a plate of sarnies.

N-COUNT
= butty

sarong

[D.J.:ˈsɑ:rɔŋ,səˈrɔŋ]

[K.K.:səˈrɔŋ, -ˈrɑŋ]

n.

马来群岛土人所穿的围裙,布裙

sarong

sarong sarongs
A sarong is a piece of clothing that is worn especially by Malaysian men and women. It consists of a long piece of cloth wrapped round the waist or body.
N-COUNT

sartorial

[D.J.:sɑ:ˈtɔ:ri:əl, -ˈtəʊr-]

[K.K.:sɑrˈtɔriəl, -ˈtor-]

adj.

(男子)服装的,缝纫的

sartorially

adv.

sartorial

1. sartorial
Sartorial means relating to clothes and to the way they are made or worn. (FORMAL)

- ...Sebastian's sartorial elegance...

- James gave him some sartorial advice.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. sartorially

- He was sartorially impeccable.

ADV: usu ADV adj

SAS

abbr.

Scandinavian Airlines System 斯堪的纳维亚航空公司

Special Air Service 英国空军特别部队

SAS

abbr.

Scandinavian Airlines System 斯堪的纳维亚航空公司

Special Air Service 英国空军特别部队

SAS

SAS
The SAS is a group of highly trained British soldiers who work on secret or very difficult military operations. SAS is an abbreviation for `Special Air Service'. (BRIT)
N-PROPER: the N

SASE

abbr.

self-addressed stamped envelope 贴足邮资写明发信人(自己) 姓名地址的回信信封

SASE

abbr.

self-addressed stamped envelope 贴足邮资写明发信人(自己) 姓名地址的回信信封

SASE

SASE
An SASE is an envelope on which you have stuck a stamp and written your own name and address. You send it to a person or organization so that they can reply to you in it. SASE is an abbreviation for `self-addressed stamped envelope'. (AM; in BRIT use s.a.e. )
N-SING

sash

[D.J.:sæʃ]

[K.K.:sæʃ]

n.

腰带,肩带

sash

1. sash sashes
A sash is a long piece of cloth which people wear round their waist or over one shoulder, especially with formal or official clothes.

- She wore a white dress with a thin blue sash.

- She arrived to receive the sash of office from the outgoing president.

N-COUNT

2. sash sashes
A sash is one of the sliding frames in a sash window.
N-COUNT

sashay

[D.J.:sæˈʃei]

[K.K.:sæˈʃe]

vi.

到处走动,行走,滑步而舞,大摇大摆地走

n.

一种方块舞,快滑舞步,远足

sashay

sashay sashays sashaying sashayed
If someone sashays , they walk in a graceful but rather noticeable way.

- The models sashayed down the catwalk.

VB

sash window

sash window sash windows
A sash window is a window which consists of two frames placed one above the other. The window can be opened by sliding one frame over the other.
N-COUNT

sassy

[D.J.:ˈsæsi:]

[K.K.:ˈsæsi]

adj.

<非正,美> ①<贬>粗鲁的;无礼的

<褒>时髦的；漂亮的

sassy

1. sassy
If an older person describes a younger person as sassy , they mean that they are disrespectful in a lively, confident way. (AM, INFORMAL)

- Are you that sassy with your parents, young lady?

ADJ-GRADED
= cheeky

2. sassy
Sassy is used to describe things that are smart and stylish. (AM, INFORMAL)

- ...his sharp sassy style.

- ...colourful and sassy fashion accessories.

ADJ-GRADED

sat

[D.J.:sæt]

[K.K.:sæt]

sit的过去式和过去分词

sit

[D.J.:sit]

[K.K.:sɪt]

vt. & vi.

(使)坐

vi.

(动物或鸟)栖息; 蹲, 坐

坐落; 位于

sitting

[D.J.:ˈsitiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsɪtɪŋ]

n.

入席,就座,开会,孵卵

adj.

坐着的,就座的,在任期中的,孵卵中的,易击中的

sat

Sat is the past tense and past participle of sit .

sit *****

1. sit sits sitting sat
If you are sitting somewhere, for example in a chair, your bottom is resting on the chair and the upper part of your body is upright.

- Mother was sitting in her chair in the kitchen.

- They sat there in shock and disbelief.

- They had been sitting watching television.

- He was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.

VB

2. sit sits sitting sat
When you sit somewhere, you lower your body until you are sitting on something.

- He set the cases against a wall and sat on them.

- Eva pulled over a chair and sat beside her husband.

- When you stand, they stand; when you sit, they sit.

VB

3. sit down sits down; sitting down; sat down
Sit down means the same as sit .

- I sat down, stunned.

- Hughes beckoned him to sit down on the sofa.

PHR-V

4. sit sits sitting sat
If you sit someone somewhere, you tell them to sit there or put them in a sitting position.

- He used to sit me on his lap.

- He'll sit you in front of his computer and give you a glimpse of the problem.

VB

5. sit down sits down; sitting down; sat down
To sit someone down somewhere means to sit them there.

- She helped him out of the water and sat him down on the rock.

- They sat me down and had a serious discussion about sex.

PHR-V

6. sit sits sitting sat
If you sit for an artist or photographer, you place yourself in a sitting position so you can be painted or photographed.

- A person may well have been sitting for the artist for eight hours at a stretch.

VB

7. sit sits sitting sat
If you sit an examination, you do it. (BRIT; in AM use take )

- June and July are the traditional months for sitting exams.

VB
= take

8. sit sits sat
If you sit on a committee or other official group, you are a member of it.

- He was asked to sit on numerous committees.

- I know of no professional person who has ever sat on a jury.

- The party's three MPs will continue to sit in parliament.

VB: no cont

9. sit sits sitting sat
When a parliament, legislature, court, or other official body sits , it officially carries out its work. (FORMAL)

- Parliament sits for only 28 weeks out of 52.

- The court would sit all night.

VB

10. sit sits sitting sat
If a building or object sits in a particular place, it is in that place. (WRITTEN)

- Our new house sat next to a stream.

- On the table sat a box decorated with little pearl triangles.

VB
= stand

11. sit sits sitting sat
To sit for someone means the same as to babysit for them. (INFORMAL)

- I've asked Mum to sit for us next Saturday.

VB

12. sit
If you sit tight , you remain in the same place or situation and do not take any action, usually because you are waiting for something to happen.

- Sit tight. I'll be right back.

- Life would continue to be hard but if they sat tight and trusted him things would get better.

PHR: V inflects
sit on the fence : see fence .

sit down *****

sit down sits down; sitting down; sat down
If you sit down and do something, you spend time and effort doing it in order to try to achieve something.

- Have you both sat down and worked out a budget together?.

- 150 countries sat down to discuss the impact of human activities on the atmosphere.

PHR-V

sitting

1. sitting sittings
A sitting is one of the periods when a meal is served when there is not enough space for everyone to eat at the same time.

- Dinner was in two sittings.

N-COUNT

2. sitting sittings
A sitting of a parliament, legislature, court, or other official body is one of the occasions when it meets in order to carry out its work.

- ...the recent emergency sittings of the UN Security Council.

N-COUNT: usu N of n
= session

3. sitting
A sitting president or member of parliament is a present one, not a future or past one.

- ...the greatest clash in our history between a sitting president and an ex-president.

ADJ: ADJ n
= incumbent

4. sitting
If you are sitting pretty , you are in a very favourable situation. (INFORMAL)

- If we'd let them buy it for a quarter of a million, we'd be sitting pretty by now.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

sit

verb

1.

rest

perch

settle

2.

convene

assemble

deliberate

meet

officiate

preside

Sat

[D.J.:sæt]

[K.K.:sæt]

abbr.

Saturday 星期六

Sat

[D.J.:sæt]

[K.K.:sæt]

abbr.

Saturday 星期六

Sat.

abbr.

Saturday 星期六

Sat.

abbr.

Saturday 星期六

Sat. **

Sat.
Sat. is a written abbreviation for Saturday .

SAT

1. SAT
The SAT is an examination which is often taken by students who wish to enter a college or university. SAT is an abbreviation for `Scholastic Aptitude Test'. (AM)
N-PROPER also sat .

2. SAT SATs
SATs are a set of tasks given to seven-year-old schoolchildren in order to test their ability. SAT is an abbreviation for `Standard Assessment Task'. (BRIT)
N-COUNT also sat .

Satan

[D.J.:ˈseɪtn]

[K.K.:ˈsetn..]

n.

撒旦,魔鬼

Satan *

Satan
In the Christian religion, Satan is the Devil, a powerful evil being who is the chief opponent of God.
N-PROPER

Satan

noun

The Devil

Beelzebub

Lord of the Flies

Lucifer

Mephistopheles

Old Nick informal

Prince of Darkness

The Evil One

satanic

[D.J.:səˈtænɪk, seɪ-]

[K.K.:səˈtænɪk, se-]

adj.

似撒旦的, 魔鬼的

邪恶的;罪恶的

satanic *

1. satanic
Something that is satanic is considered to be caused by or influenced by Satan.

- ...satanic cults.

- ...satanic ritual.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. satanic
A person or thing that is satanic is extremely wicked and evil.

- ...satanic mass murderers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

satanic

adjective

evil

black

demonic

devilish

diabolic

fiendish

hellish

infernal

wicked

Satanism

[D.J.:ˈseitənizəm]

[K.K.:ˈsetnˌɪzəm]

n.

恶魔崇拜,恶魔般的行为

Satanism

1. Satanism
Satanism is worship of Satan.

- ...black magic and satanism.

N-UNCOUNT also satanism .

2. Satanist Satanists

- Police arrested a young Satanist accused of fire attacks on churches.

N-COUNT

satay

[D.J.:ˈsɑ:tei,sɑ:ˈtei]

[K.K.:ˈsɑte]

n.

(马来西亚、印度尼西亚的)加香烤肉

satay

satay
Satay is pieces of meat cooked on thin sticks and served with a peanut sauce.

- ...chicken satay.

N-UNCOUNT

satchel

[D.J.:ˈsætʃəl]

[K.K.:ˈsætʃəl]

n.

书包

satchel

satchel satchels
A satchel is a bag with a long strap that schoolchildren use for carrying books.
N-COUNT

sated

[ˈseitid]

adj.

〈正〉厌腻的

sated

sated
If you are sated with something, you have had more of it than you can enjoy at one time. (FORMAL)

- ...children happily sated with ice cream.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

satellite

[D.J.:ˈsætəlait]

[K.K.:ˈsætlˌaɪt]

n.

卫星

人造卫星

卫星国, 附庸国, 卫星都市

satellite ***

1. satellite satellites
A satellite is an object which has been sent into space in order to collect information or to be part of a communications system. Satellites move continually round the earth or around another planet.

- The rocket launched two communications satellites.

- The signals are sent by satellite link.

- Worldwide coverage beamed by satellite generates huge audiences accompanied by global advertising revenues.

N-COUNT: also by N

2. satellite
Satellite television is broadcast using a satellite.

- They have four satellite channels.

ADJ: ADJ n

3. satellite satellites
A satellite is a natural object in space that moves round a planet or star.

- ...the satellites of Jupiter.

N-COUNT

4. satellite satellites
You can refer to a country, area, or organization as a satellite when it is controlled by or depends on a larger and more powerful one.

- ...China's satellite territories.

- ...Russia and its former satellites.

N-COUNT: oft N n

satellite dish

satellite dish satellite dishes
A satellite dish is a piece of equipment which people need to have on their house in order to receive satellite television.
N-COUNT

satiate

[D.J.:ˈseɪʃi:ˌeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈseʃiˌet]

vt.

充分满足,使厌腻

satiation

n.

satiation

[ˌseiʃiˈeiʃən]

n.

饱食,饱满,饱享,厌腻

satiate

1. satiate satiates satiating satiated
If something such as food or pleasure satiates you, you have all that you need or all that you want of it, often so much that you become tired of it. (FORMAL)

- There is usually enough fruit on one apple tree to satiate several children.

- The Edinburgh International Festival offers enough choice to satiate most appetites.

VB

2. satiated

- She finished the meal and sat back with a satiated sigh.

ADJ

satiate

verb

1.

glut

cloy

gorge

jade

nauseate

overfill

stuff

surfeit

2.

satisfy

sate

slake

satin

[D.J.:ˈsætn]

[K.K.:ˈsætn..]

n.

缎,缎子

adj.

像缎子一样光滑的

satin *

1. satin satins
Satin is a smooth, shiny kind of cloth, usually made from silk.

- ...a peach satin ribbon.

- ...stylish dresses in silks and satins.

N-MASS

2. satin
If something such as a paint, wax, or cosmetic gives something a satin finish, it reflects light to some extent but is not very shiny.

- The final stage of waxing left it with a satin sheen.

ADJ: ADJ n

satinwood

[D.J.:ˈsætinwud]

[K.K.:ˈsætnˌwʊd]

n.

缎木,缎木木材

satinwood

satinwood
Satinwood is a smooth hard wood which comes from an East Indian tree and is used to make furniture.
N-UNCOUNT

satire

[D.J.:ˈsætaiə]

[K.K.:ˈsætˌaɪr]

n.

讽刺, 讥讽

讽刺作品

satire *

1. satire
Satire is the use of humour or exaggeration in order to show how foolish or wicked some people's behaviour or ideas are.

- The commercial side of the Christmas season is an easy target for satire.

N-UNCOUNT

2. satire satires
A satire is a play, film, or novel in which humour or exaggeration is used to criticize something.

- ...a sharp satire on the American political process.

N-COUNT: oft N on n

satire

noun

mockery

burlesque

caricature

irony

lampoon

parody

ridicule

satiric

[D.J.:səˈtirik(əl)]

adj.

含讽刺意味的, 嘲讽的

satiric

satiric
Satiric means the same as satirical .

- ...Ibsen's satiric attack on bourgeois convention.

ADJ-GRADED

satirical

[D.J.:səˈtɪrɪkəl]

[K.K.:səˈtɪrɪkəl]

adj.

含讽刺意味的, 嘲讽的

satirical *

satirical
A satirical drawing, piece of writing, or comedy show is one in which humour or exaggeration is used to criticize something.

- ...a satirical novel about London life in the late 80s.

ADJ-GRADED

satirical satiric

adjective

mocking

biting

caustic

cutting

incisive

ironical

satirist

[D.J.:ˈsætərɪst]

[K.K.:ˈsætərɪst]

n.

讽刺作家

satirist

satirist satirists
A satirist is someone who writes or uses satire.

- He built a reputation in the 1970s as a social satirist.

N-COUNT

satirize

[D.J.:ˈsætəˌraɪz]

[K.K.:ˈsætəˌraɪz]

vt.

讽刺,讥讽

satirize

satirize satirizes satirizing satirized
If you satirize a person or group of people, you use satire to criticize them or make fun of them in a play, film, or novel.

- The newspaper came out weekly. It satirized political leaders.

VB (BRIT) also satirise

satirize

verb

ridicule

burlesque

deride

lampoon

parody

pillory

satisfaction

[D.J.:ˌsætisˈfækʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən]

n.

满意, 满足, 实现

赔偿物, 补偿

satisfaction **

1. satisfaction
Satisfaction is the pleasure that you feel when you do something or get something that you wanted or needed to do or get.

- She felt a small glow of satisfaction.

- Both sides expressed satisfaction with the progress so far.

- I doubt I'll ever get rich, but I get job satisfaction.

N-UNCOUNT

2. satisfaction
If you get satisfaction from someone, you get money or an apology from them because you have been treated badly.

- If you can't get any satisfaction, complain to the park owner.

N-UNCOUNT

3. satisfaction
If you do something to someone's satisfaction , they are happy with the way that you have done it.

- She never could seem to do anything right or to his satisfaction.

- It is hard to see how the issue can be resolved to everyone's satisfaction.

PHR: PHR after v

satisfaction

noun

1.

contentment

comfort

content

enjoyment

happiness

pleasure

pride

repletion

satiety

2.

fulfilment

achievement

assuaging

gratification

satisfactorily

[D.J.:ˌsætɪsˈfæktərɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˌsætɪsˈfæktərɪlɪ]

adv.

令人满意地

satisfactory

[D.J.:ˌsætisˈfæktəri]

[K.K.:ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri]

adj.

令人满意的, 符合要求的

satisfactory **

1. satisfactory
Something that is satisfactory is acceptable to you or fulfils a particular need or purpose.

- I never got a satisfactory answer.

- It seemed a very satisfactory arrangement.

- Neither solution seemed satisfactory.

ADJ-GRADED
= acceptable

2. satisfactorily

- Their motives have never been satisfactorily explained.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

satisfactory

adjective

adequate

acceptable

all right

average

fair

good enough

passable

sufficient

satisfied

[D.J.:ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd]

adj.

满意的;满足的

satisfy

[D.J.:ˈsætisfai]

[K.K.:ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ]

vt. & vi.

使满意; 满足

vt.

使确信

符合, 达到(要求、规定、标准等)

satisfying

[D.J.:ˈsætɪsfaɪɪŋ]

adj.

令人满意的,令人满足的

satisfied ***

1. satisfied
If you are satisfied with something, you are happy because you have got what you wanted or needed.

- We are not satisfied with these results.

- ...satisfied customers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n

2. satisfied
If you are satisfied that something is true or has been done properly, you are convinced about this after checking it.

- People must be satisfied that the treatment is safe.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ that

satisfy **

1. satisfy satisfies satisfying satisfied
If someone or something satisfies you, they give you enough of what you want or need to make you pleased or contented.

- The pace of change has not been quick enough to satisfy everyone.

- We just can't find enough good second-hand cars to satisfy demand.

- The scandal stories satisfy people's curiosity for a few hours.

VB

2. satisfy satisfies satisfying satisfied
To satisfy someone that something is true or has been done properly means to convince them by giving them more information or by showing them what has been done.

- He has to satisfy the environmental lobby that real progress will be made to cut emissions.

- He wanted to satisfy himself that he had given his best performance.

VB
= convince

3. satisfy satisfies satisfying satisfied
If you satisfy the requirements for something, you are good enough or have the right qualities to fulfil these requirements.

- The Executive Committee recommends that the procedures should satisfy certain basic requirements.

VB

satisfying **

1. satisfying
Something that is satisfying makes you feel happy, especially because you feel you have achieved something.

- I found wood carving satisfying.

ADJ-GRADED

2. satisfyingly

- ...a series of satisfyingly detailed and painstakingly constructed documentaries.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

satisfy

verb

1.

content

assuage

gratify

indulge

pacify

pander to

please

quench

sate

slake

2.

fulfil

answer

do

meet

serve

suffice

3.

persuade

assure

convince

reassure

satsuma

[D.J.:sætˈsu:mə, sɑ:ˈtsu:mɑ:, ˈsɑ:tsu:ˌmɑ:]

[K.K.:sætˈsumə, sɑˈtsumɑ, ˈsɑtsuˌmɑ]

n.

无核小蜜橘

satsuma

satsuma satsumas
A satsuma is a fruit that looks like a small orange.
N-COUNT

saturate

[D.J.:ˈsætʃəreit]

[K.K.:ˈsætʃəˌret]

vt.

浸湿, 浸透

使…大量吸收或充满某物

saturated

[D.J.:ˈsætʃəreitid]

[K.K.:ˈsætʃəˌretɪd]

adj.

极湿的; 湿透的

〈化〉(溶液)饱和的

saturate *

1. saturate saturates saturating saturated
If people or things saturate a place or object, they fill it completely so that no more can be added.

- In the last days before the vote, both sides are saturating the airwaves.

- As the market was saturated with goods and the economy became more balanced, inflation went down.

VB
= flood

2. saturated

- As the domestic market becomes saturated, firms begin to export the product.

ADJ

3. saturate saturates saturating saturated
If someone or something is saturated , they become extremely wet.

- If the filter has been saturated with motor oil, it should be discarded and replaced.

VB
= soaked

4. saturated

- His work clothes, having become saturated with oil, had to be cleaned.

ADJ

saturated *

saturated
Saturated fats are types of fat that are found in some foods, especially meat, eggs, and things such as butter and cheese. They are believed to help cause heart disease and some other illnesses if eaten too often.

- ...foods rich in cholesterol and saturated fats.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

saturate

verb

soak

drench

imbue

souse

steep

suffuse

waterlog

wet through

saturated

adjective

soaked

drenched

dripping

soaking (wet)

sodden

sopping (wet)

waterlogged

wet through

saturation

[D.J.:ˌsætʃəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsætʃəˈreʃən]

n.

浸湿,浸透,饱和

(get to, reach, etc.) saturation point

(达到)饱和状态

saturation *

1. saturation
Saturation is the process or state that occurs when a place or thing is filled completely with people or things, so that no more can be added.

- Japanese car makers have been equally blind to the saturation of their markets at home and abroad.

- Road traffic has reached saturation point.

N-UNCOUNT

2. saturation
Saturation is used to describe a campaign or other activity that is carried out very thoroughly, so that nothing is missed.

- The concept of saturation marketing makes perfect sense.

- Newspapers, television and radio are all providing saturation coverage.

- ...saturation bombing.

ADJ: ADJ n

Saturday

[D.J.:ˈsætədi]

[K.K.:ˈsætədi, -ˌde]

n.

星期六

Saturdays

每星期六

Saturday *****

Saturday Saturdays
Saturday is the day after Friday and before Sunday.

- She had a call from him on Saturday morning at the studio.

- Every Saturday dad made a beautiful pea and ham soup.

- The overnight train runs every night of the week except Saturdays.

N-VAR

saturnine

[D.J.:ˈsætəˌnaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈsætɚˌnaɪn]

adj.

性格阴沉的,表情忧郁的;讥讽的

saturnine

saturnine
Someone who is saturnine is serious and unfriendly. (LITERARY)

- He had a rather forbidding, saturnine manner.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

saturnine

adjective

gloomy

dour

glum

grave

morose

sombre

satyr

[D.J.:ˈsætə]

[K.K.:ˈsetɚ, ˈsætɚ]

n.

(希腊及罗马神话)半人半兽的森林之神,好色之徒,性欲极强的男人

satyr

satyr satyrs
In classical mythology a satyr is a creature that is half man and half goat.
N-COUNT

sauce

[D.J.:sɔ:s]

[K.K.:sɔs]

n.

调味汁, 酱汁

无礼的话, 顶撞的话

sauce ***

sauce sauces
A sauce is a thick liquid which is served with other food.

- ...pasta cooked in a sauce of garlic, tomatoes, and cheese.

- ...vanilla ice cream with chocolate sauce.

N-MASS

saucepan

[D.J.:ˈsɔ:spæn]

[K.K.:ˈsɔsˌpæn]

n.

深平底锅

saucepan *

saucepan saucepans
A saucepan is a deep metal cooking pot, usually with a long handle and a lid.

- Place the potatoes and turnips in a large saucepan, cover with cold water and bring to the boil.

N-COUNT
= pan

saucer

[D.J.:ˈsɔ:sə]

[K.K.:ˈsɔsɚ]

n.

(放茶杯的)浅碟, 茶托; 茶碟

saucer *

saucer saucers
A saucer is a small curved plate on which you stand a cup.
N-COUNT
See also flying saucer .

saucier

[səuˈsjei]

n.

〈法〉调味汁厨师

saucy

[D.J.:ˈsɔ:si:]

[K.K.:ˈsɔsi]

adj.

粗鲁的;粗俗的;不雅的;开色情玩笑的

saucy

saucy saucier sauciest
Someone or something that is saucy refers to sex in a light-hearted, amusing way.

- ...a saucy joke.

ADJ-GRADED
= cheeky

saucy

adjective

1.

impudent

cheeky informal

forward

impertinent

insolent

pert

presumptuous

rude

2.

jaunty

dashing

gay

natty informal

perky

Saudi

[ˈsaudi]

adj.

沙特阿拉伯国家的,沙特阿拉伯人的

Saudi ***

1. Saudi
Saudi or Saudi Arabian means belonging or relating to Saudi Arabia or to its people, language, or culture.

- Saudi officials have dismissed such reports as rumours.

- ...the Saudi Arabian delegation.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Saudi Saudis
The Saudis or Saudi Arabians are the people who come from Saudi Arabia.
N-COUNT

sauerkraut

[D.J.:ˈsauəkraut]

[K.K.:ˈsaʊrˌkraʊt]

n.

〈美〉德国泡菜的一种

sauerkraut

sauerkraut
Sauerkraut is cabbage which has been cut into very small pieces and pickled. It is eaten mainly in Germany.
N-UNCOUNT

sauna

[D.J.:ˈsɔ:nə, ˈsaʊ-]

[K.K.:ˈsɔnə, ˈsaʊ-]

n.

桑拿浴, 蒸气浴

蒸气浴室

sauna *

1. sauna saunas
If you have a sauna , you sit or lie in a room that is so hot that it makes you sweat. People have saunas in order to relax and to clean their skin thoroughly.
N-COUNT

2. sauna saunas
A sauna is a room or building where you can have a sauna.
N-COUNT

saunter

[D.J.:ˈsɔ:ntə]

[K.K.:ˈsɔntɚ]

n.

漫步;闲逛

vi.

漫步, 闲逛

saunter *

1. saunter saunters sauntering sauntered
If you saunter somewhere, you walk there in a slow, casual way.

- We watched our fellow students saunter into the building.

- He sauntered along the river to the mill.

VB

2. saunter
Also a noun.

- She began a slow saunter toward the bonfires.

N-SING

saunter

verb

1.

stroll

amble

meander

mosey informal

ramble

roam

wander

noun

2.

stroll

airing

amble

ramble

turn

walk

sausage

[D.J.:ˈsɔsidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈsɔsɪdʒ]

n.

香肠

sausage **

sausage sausages
A sausage consists of minced meat, usually pork, mixed with other ingredients and is contained in a tube made of skin or a similar material.

- ...sausages and chips.

N-VAR

sausage meat

sausage meat
Sausage meat is minced meat, usually pork, mixed with other ingredients and used to make sausages.
N-UNCOUNT

sausage roll

sausage roll sausage rolls
A sausage roll is a small amount of sausage meat which is covered with pastry and cooked. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

saut´e *

saut´e saut´es saut´eing saut´eed
When you saut´e food, you fry it quickly in hot oil or butter.

- Saut´e the chicken until golden brown.

- ...saut´eed mushrooms.

VB

savage

[D.J.:ˈsævidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈsævɪdʒ]

adj.

未开化的; 野蛮的

凶猛的; 残忍的

vt.

残害; 攻击

n.

未开化的人, 野蛮人

savagely

[D.J.:ˈsævɪd ʒlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈsævɪd ʒlɪ]

adv.

野蛮地;残忍地;粗野地;凶猛地

savage **

1. savage
Someone or something that is savage is extremely cruel, violent, and uncontrolled.

- This was a savage attack on a defenceless young girl.

- ...the savage wave of violence that swept the country in November 1987.

- ...a savage dog lunging at the end of a chain.

ADJ-GRADED
= vicious

2. savagely

- He was savagely beaten.

ADV-GRADED

3. savage savages
If you refer to people as savages , you dislike them because you think that they do not have an advanced society and are violent.

- ...their conviction that the area was a frozen desert peopled with uncouth savages.

N-COUNT: usu pl disapproval

4. savage savages savaging savaged
If someone is savaged by a dog or other animal, the animal attacks them violently.

- The animal then turned on him and he was savaged to death.

VB: usu passive

5. savage savages savaging savaged
If someone or something that they have done is savaged by another person, that person criticizes them severely.

- The show had already been savaged by critics.

- Speakers called for clearer direction and savaged the Chancellor.

VB

savage

adjective

1.

wild

feral

undomesticated

untamed

2.

uncultivated

rough

rugged

uncivilized

3.

cruel

barbarous

bestial

bloodthirsty

brutal

ferocious

fierce

harsh

ruthless

sadistic

vicious

4.

primitive

rude

unspoilt

noun

5.

lout

boor

yahoo

yob Brit. slang

verb

6.

attack

lacerate

mangle

maul

savagery

[D.J.:ˈsævɪdʒri:]

[K.K.:ˈsævɪdʒri]

n.

野蛮

荒凉的状态

凶猛;残忍

野蛮人;野兽

savagery

savagery
Savagery is extremely cruel and violent behaviour.

- ...the sheer savagery of war.

N-UNCOUNT

savagery

noun

cruelty

barbarity

brutality

ferocity

ruthlessness

viciousness

savannah

[D.J.:səˈvænə]

[K.K.:səˈvænə]

n.

(热带和亚热带)无树大草原

savannah *

savannah savannahs
A savannah is a large area of flat, grassy land, usually in Africa.
N-VAR also savanna .

savant

[D.J.:sæˈvɑ:nt]

[K.K.:sæˈvɑnt]

n.

博学之士,学者,专家

savant

1. savant savants
A savant is a person of great learning or natural ability. (FORMAL)

- The opinion of the savants on the composition of the lunar surface is not as united as you appear to believe.

N-COUNT

2. savant savants
You can refer to someone as an idiot savant if they seem to be less intelligent than normal people but are unusually good at doing one particular thing.

- ...an idiot savant, an autistic with a gift for numbers.

N-COUNT

save

[D.J.:seiv]

[K.K.:sev]

vt.

拯救, 挽救

vt. & vi.

储蓄, 贮存

节省

n.

(足球等)阻碍对方得分的动作, 救球

prep.&conj.

除了

saving

[D.J.:ˈseiviŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsevɪŋ]

n.

节约, 节俭

储蓄金, 存款

挽救, 搭救

savings

[D.J.:ˈseiviŋz]

[K.K.:ˈsevɪŋz]

n.

储蓄

save ****

1. save saves saving saved
If you save someone or something, you help them to avoid harm or to escape from a dangerous or unpleasant situation.

- ...a final attempt to save 40,000 jobs in Britain's troubled aero industry...

- One man was still missing last night after the Belgian trawler Lucky capsized off the Dutch coast. Three other men were saved.

- A new machine no bigger than a 10p piece could help save babies from cot death.

- The national health system saved him from becoming a cripple.

VB

2. -saving

- His boxing career was ended after two sight-saving operations.

COMB in ADJ

3. save saves saving saved
If you save , you gradually collect money by spending less than you get, usually in order to buy something that you want.

- The majority of people intend to save, but find that by the end of the month there is nothing left.

- Tim and Barbara are now saving for a house in the suburbs.

- They could not find any way to save money.

VB

4. save up saves up; saving up; saved up
Save up means the same as save .

- Julie wanted to put some of her money aside for holidays or save up for something special.

- People often put money aside in order to save up enough to make one major expenditure.

PHR-V

5. save saves saving saved
If you save something such as time or money, you prevent the loss or waste of it.

- It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot within reach.

- More cash will be saved by shutting studios and selling outside-broadcast vehicles.

- I'll try to save him the expense of a flight from Perth.

- I got the fishmonger to skin the fish which helped save on the preparation time.

VB
≠ waste

6. -saving

- America was among the first to invent and use labor-saving devices in industry and mining.

COMB in ADJ

7. save saves saving saved
If you save something, you keep it because it will be needed later.

- Drain the beans thoroughly and save the stock for soup.

- Scraps of material were saved, cut up and pieced together for quilts.

VB

8. save saves saving saved
If someone or something saves you from an unpleasant action or experience, they change the situation so that you do not have to do it or experience it.

- The scanner will reduce the need for exploratory operations which will save risk and pain for patients.

- She was hoping that something might save her from having to make a decision.

- He arranges to collect the payment from the customer, thus saving the client the paperwork.

VB

9. save saves saving saved
If a goalkeeper saves , or saves a shot, they succeed in preventing the ball from going into the goal.

- He saved one shot when the ball hit him on the head.

VB

10. save saves
Also a noun.

- Spurs could have had several goals but for some brilliant saves from John Hallworth.

N-COUNT

11. save
Save for means the same as save .

- There is almost no water at all in Mochudi save that brought up from bore holes.

- The parking lot was virtually empty save for a few cars clustered to one side.

PHR-PREP
= apart from

saving ***

1. saving savings
A saving is a reduction in the amount of time or money that is used or needed.

- Fill in the form below and you will be making a saving of £6.60 on a one-year subscription.

- ...a program of household savings on energy use.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. saving savings
Your savings are the money that you have saved, especially in a bank or a building society.

- Her savings were in the Post Office Savings Bank.

- ...a savings account.

N-PLURAL

save

verb

1.

rescue

deliver

free

liberate

recover

redeem

salvage

2.

protect

conserve

guard

keep safe

look after

preserve

safeguard

3.

keep

collect

gather

hoard

hold

husband

lay by

put by

reserve

set aside

store

saving

noun

1.

economy

bargain

discount

reduction

adjective

2.

redeeming

compensatory

extenuating

savings

plural noun

nest egg

fund

reserves

resources

store

saver

[D.J.:ˈseɪvə]

n.

拯救者;储蓄者;救星;救球的运动员

廉价的票、券等

saver *

saver savers
A saver is a person who regularly saves money by paying it into a bank account or a building society.

- Low interest rates are bad news for savers, who have seen their income halved over the last year.

N-COUNT

-saver

-saver
-saver combines with words such as `time' and `energy' to indicate that something prevents the thing mentioned from being wasted.

- These potatoes are sold ready sorted and washed, and can prove a great time-saver for the busy cook.

- These zip-top bags are great space-savers if storage is limited.

COMB in N-COUNT
≠ -waster

saving grace

saving grace saving graces
A saving grace is a good quality or feature in a person or thing that prevents them from being completely bad or worthless.

- That is ageing's single saving grace; you worry less about what people think about you.

N-COUNT: with supp

savings and loan

savings and loan
A savings and loan association is a business where people save money to earn interest, and which lends money to savers to buy houses. Compare building society . (mainly AM)
N-SING: usu N n also savings and loans

saviour

[D.J.:ˈseɪvjə]

[K.K.:ˈsevjɚ]

n.

救助者, 拯救者;救星

救世主；耶稣基督

saviour *

1. saviour saviours
A saviour is a person who saves someone or something from danger, ruin, or defeat.

- ...the saviour of his country.

- ...the saviour of English football...

- She regarded him as her saviour.

N-COUNT: oft N of n (AM) savior

2. saviour
In the Christian religion, the Saviour is Jesus Christ.
N-PROPER: the N (AM) savior

saviour

noun

rescuer

defender

deliverer

liberator

preserver

protector

redeemer

savoir-faire

[D.J.:ˈsævwɑ:ˈfɛə]

[K.K.:ˌsævwɑrˈfɛr]

n.

〈法〉处世机警,随机应变之道,能力才干

savoir-faire

savoir-faire
Savoir-faire is the confidence and ability to do the appropriate thing in a social situation. (FORMAL)

- ...a certain savoir-faire that comes from living with the best.

N-UNCOUNT

savoir-faire

noun

social know-how informal

diplomacy

discretion

finesse

poise

social graces

tact

urbanity

savour

[D.J.:ˈseivə]

[K.K.:ˈsevɚ]

n.

(美)味, 味道, 滋味, 风味

vt.

欣赏(某物)的味道或风味

savour *

1. savour savours savouring savoured
If you savour an experience, you enjoy it as much as you can.

- She signed up for theater courses, sought out new friends, and savored a freedom that seemed long overdue.

- We won't pretend we savour the prospect of a month in prison.

- There's something about the Loire Valley that makes you want to savour every moment.

VB (AM) savor

2. savour savours savouring savoured
If you savour food or drink, you eat or drink it slowly in order to taste its full flavour and to enjoy it properly.

- Savour the flavour of each mouthful, and chew your food well.

VB (AM) savor

savour

verb

1.

enjoy

appreciate

delight in

luxuriate in

relish

revel in

often with of 2.

suggest

be suggestive

show signs

smack

noun

3.

flavour

piquancy

relish

smack

smell

tang

taste

savoury

[D.J.:ˈseɪvəri:]

[K.K.:ˈsevəri]

adj.

(食物)咸的, 辣的

美味可口的；芳香开胃的

道德高尚的, 可敬的

n.

咸的或辣的食物(通常为一顿饭最后吃的);(烹调用的)香薄荷

savoury *

1. savoury
Savoury food has a salty or spicy flavour rather than a sweet one.

- Italian cooking is best known for savoury dishes.

ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) savory

2. savoury savouries
Savouries are small items of savoury food that are usually eaten as a snack, for example with alcoholic drinks at a party or before a meal. (BRIT)
N-COUNT: usu pl (AM) savory
= appetizers nibbles

savoury

adjective

spicy

appetizing

full-flavoured

luscious

mouthwatering

palatable

piquant

rich

tasty

savvy

[D.J.:ˈsævi]

[K.K.:ˈsævi]

v.

知道,了解

n.

机智,头脑,理解,悟性

savvy

1. savvy
If you describe someone as having savvy , you think that they have a good understanding and practical knowledge of something. (INFORMAL)

- He is known for his political savvy and strong management skills.

N-UNCOUNT: oft supp N

2. savvy
If you describe someone as savvy , you think that they show a lot of practical knowledge. (INFORMAL)

- She was a pretty savvy woman.

ADJ-GRADED

saw

[D.J.:sɔ:]

[K.K.:sɔ]

n.

锯

vt. & vi.

锯

往复移动

sawing

[ˈsɔ:iŋ]

n.

锯,锯切,锯开

sawn

[D.J.:sɔ:n]

[K.K.:sɔn]

saw的过去分词

see

[D.J.:si:]

[K.K.:si]

vt. & vi.

看见; 观看, 参见

领会, 理解

考虑; 想想

vt.

访问; 会见, 遇见

务必做到; 保证

发生; 经历; 经受

陪伴, 护送

seeing

[D.J.:ˈsi:ɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsiɪŋ]

conj.

<口>因为;鉴于;由于

n.

看见；观看；参观

seeing as/that

因为；鉴于；由于

seeing is believing

眼见为实

seen

[D.J.:si:n]

[K.K.:sin]

see 的过去分词

have seen better days

今不如昔；曾有过一段好日子

I, he, etc. wouldn’t be seen dead …

不会去做某事(以免露怯或尴尬)

saw *

1. saw
Saw is the past tense of see .

2. saw saws
A saw is a tool for cutting wood, which has a blade with sharp teeth along one edge. Some saws are pushed backwards and forwards by hand, and others are powered by electricity.
N-COUNT
See also chain saw .

3. saw saws sawing sawed sawn
If you saw something, you cut it with a saw.

- He escaped by sawing through the bars of his cell.

- Your father is sawing wood.

VB

sawn

sawn
Sawn is the past participle of saw .

see *****

1. see sees saw seen
When you see something, you notice it using your eyes.

- You can't see colours at night.

- I saw a man making his way towards me.

- She can see, hear, touch, smell, and taste.

- As he neared the farm, he saw that a police car was parked outside it.

- Did you see what happened?

VB: no cont

2. see sees seeing saw seen
If you see someone, you visit them or meet them.

- I saw him yesterday.

- Mick wants to see you in his office right away.

- You need to see a doctor.

VB

3. see sees saw seen
If you see an entertainment such as a play, film, concert, or sports game, you watch it.

- He had been to see a Semi-Final of the FA Cup.

- It was one of the most amazing films I've ever seen.

VB: no cont
= watch

4. see sees saw seen
If you see that something is true or exists, you realize by observing it that it is true or exists.

- I could see she was lonely.

- ...a lot of people saw what was happening but did nothing about it...

- You see young people going to school inadequately dressed for the weather.

- My taste has changed a bit over the years as you can see.

- You've just been cleaning it, I see.

- The army must be seen to be taking firm action.

VB: no cont

5. see sees saw seen
If you see what someone means or see why something happened, you understand what they mean or understand why it happened.

- Oh, I see what you're saying.

- I don't see why you're complaining.

- I really don't see any reason for changing it.

- Now I see that I was wrong.

VB: no cont, no passive
= understand

6. see sees seeing saw seen
If you see someone or something as a certain thing, you have the opinion that they are that thing.

- She saw him as a visionary, but her father saw him as a man who couldn't make a living.

- They have a normal body weight but see themselves as being fat.

- Others saw it as a betrayal.

- I don't see it as my duty to take sides.

- As I see it, Llewelyn has three choices open to him.

- Women are sometimes seen to be less effective as managers.

VB
= perceive

7. see sees saw seen
If you see a particular quality in someone, you believe they have that quality. If you ask what someone sees in a particular person or thing, you want to know what they find attractive about that person or thing.

- Frankly, I don't know what Paul sees in her.

- Young and old saw in him an implacable opponent of apartheid.

VB: no cont, no passive

8. see sees saw seen
If you see something happening in the future, you imagine it, or predict that it will happen.

- A good idea, but can you see Taylor trying it?.

- We can see a day where all people live side by side.

VB: no cont
= imagine picture

9. see sees seeing saw seen
If a period of time or a person sees a particular change or event, it takes place during that period of time or while that person is alive.

- Yesterday saw the resignation of the acting Interior Minister.

- He had worked with the General for three years and was sorry to see him go.

- Mr Frank has seen the economy of his town slashed by the uprising.

VB: no passive
= witness

10. see sees seeing saw seen
You can use see in expressions to do with finding out information. For example, if you say ` I'll see what's happening ', you mean that you intend to find out what is happening.

- Let me just see what the next song is.

- Every time we asked our mother, she said, `Well, see what your father says.'.

- Shake him gently to see if he responds.

VB
= find out

11. see sees seeing saw seen
You can use see to promise to try and help someone. For example, if you say ` I'll see if I can do it ', you mean that you will try to do the thing concerned.

- I'll see if I can call her for you.

- We'll see what we can do, miss.

VB

12. see sees seeing saw seen
If you see that something is done or if you see to it that it is done, you make sure that it is done.

- See that you take care of him.

- Catherine saw to it that the information went directly to Walter.

VB

13. see sees seeing saw seen
If you see someone to a particular place, you accompany them to make sure that they get there safely, or to show politeness.

- He didn't offer to see her to her car.

- `Goodnight.' --- `I'll see you out.'

VB
= accompany

14. see sees seeing saw seen
If you see a lot of someone, you often meet each other or visit each other.

- We used to see quite a lot of his wife, Carolyn.

- We didn't see much of each other after that because he was touring.

VB

15. see sees seeing saw seen
If you are seeing someone, you spend time with them socially, and are having a romantic or sexual relationship.

- My husband was still seeing her and he was having an affair with her.

VB

16. see sees seeing saw seen
Some writers use see in expressions such as we saw and as we have seen to refer to something that has already been explained or described.

- We saw in Chapter 16 how annual cash budgets are produced.

- Using the figures given above, it can be seen that machine A pays back the initial investment in two years.

- As we have seen in previous chapters, visualization methods are varied.

VB

17. see sees seeing saw seen
See is used in books to indicate to readers that they should look at another part of the book, or at another book, because more information is given there.

- Surveys consistently find that men report feeling safe on the street after dark. See, for example, Hindelang and Garofalo (1978).

- See Chapter 7 below for further comments on the textile industry.

VB: only imper

18. see
You can use seeing that or seeing as to introduce a reason for what you are saying. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- He is in the marriage bureau business, which is mildly ironic seeing that his dearest wish is to get married himself.

- Seeing as Mr Moreton is a doctor, I would assume he has a modicum of intelligence.

PHR: CONJ SUBORD
= since

19. see
You can say ` I see ' to indicate that you understand what someone is telling you. (SPOKEN)

- `He came home in my car.' --- `I see.'

CONVENTION formulae

20. see
People say ` I'll see ' or ` We'll see ' to indicate that they do not intend to make a decision immediately, and will decide later.

- We'll see. It's a possibility.

CONVENTION

21. see
People say ` let me see ' or ` let's see ' when they are trying to remember something, or are trying to find something.

- Let's see, they're six -- no, make that five hours ahead of us.

- Now let me see, who's the man we want?

CONVENTION

22. see
If you try to make someone see sense or see reason , you try to make them realize that they are wrong or are being stupid.

- He was hopeful that by sitting together they could both see sense and live as good neighbours.

- He tried again to get her to see reason.

PHR: V inflects

23. see
You can say ` you see ' when you are explaining something to someone, to encourage them to listen and understand. (SPOKEN)

- Well, you see, you shouldn't really feel that way about it.

- She was a prime target for blackmail, don't you see?

CONVENTION

24. see
` See you ', ` be seeing you ', and ` see you later ' are ways of saying goodbye to someone when you expect to meet them again soon. (SPOKEN, INFORMAL)

- `Talk to you later.' --- `All right. See you love.'.

- `No time for chattering now.' --- `Be seeing you, then.'

CONVENTION formulae
= bye

25. see
You can say ` You'll see ' to someone if they do not agree with you about what you think will happen in the future, and you believe that you will be proved right.

- The thrill wears off after a few years of marriage. You'll see.

CONVENTION

seen

seen
Seen is the past participle of see .

see

verb

1.

perceive

behold

catch sight of

discern

distinguish

espy

glimpse

look

make out

notice

observe

sight

spot

witness

2.

understand

appreciate

comprehend

fathom

feel

follow

get

grasp

realize

3.

find out

ascertain

determine

discover

learn

4.

make sure

ensure

guarantee

make certain

see to it

5.

consider

decide

deliberate

reflect

think over

6.

visit

confer with

consult

interview

receive

speak to

7.

go out with

court

date informal chiefly U.S.

go steady with informal

8.

accompany

escort

lead

show

usher

walk

seeing

conjunction Informal

since

as

inasmuch as

in view of the fact that

sawdust

[D.J.:ˈsɔ:ˌdʌst]

[K.K.:ˈsɔˌdʌst]

n.

锯末

sawdust

sawdust
Sawdust is dust and very small pieces of wood which are produced when you saw wood.

- ...a layer of sawdust.

N-UNCOUNT

sawed-off shotgun

sawed-off shotgun sawed-off shotguns
A sawed-off shotgun is the same as a sawn-off shotgun . (AM)
N-COUNT

sawmill

[D.J.:ˈsɔ:ˌmɪl]

[K.K.:ˈsɔˌmɪl]

n.

锯木厂

sawmill

sawmill sawmills
A sawmill is a factory in which wood from trees is sawn into long flat pieces.
N-COUNT

sawn-off shotgun

sawn-off shotgun sawn-off shotguns
A sawn-off shotgun is a shotgun on which the barrel has been cut short. Guns like this are often used by criminals because they can be easily hidden. (BRIT; in AM use sawed-off shotgun )

- The men burst in wearing balaclavas and brandishing sawn-off shotguns.

N-COUNT

sax

[D.J.:sæks]

[K.K.:sæks]

n.

〈美口〉萨克斯管,石板斧

sax

sax saxes
A sax is the same as a saxophone . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT: oft the N

Saxon

[D.J.:ˈsæksn]

[K.K.:ˈsæksən]

n.

撒克逊人(在6世纪曾征服英国部分地区的西日耳曼人)

Saxon *

1. Saxon Saxons
In former times, Saxons were members of a West Germanic tribe. Some members of this tribe settled in Britain and were known as Anglo-Saxons .
N-COUNT

2. Saxon
Something that is Saxon is related to or characteristic of the ancient Saxons, the Anglo-Saxons, or their descendants.

- ...a seventh-century Saxon church.

ADJ

saxophone

[D.J.:ˈsæksəˌfəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈsæksəˌfon]

n.

<音>萨克斯管

saxophone *

saxophone saxophones
A saxophone is a musical instrument in the shape of a curved metal tube with a narrower part that you blow into and keys that you press.
N-VAR: oft the N

saxophonist

[sækˈsɔfənist]

n.

萨克斯管吹奏者

saxophonist *

saxophonist saxophonists
A saxophonist is someone who plays the saxophone.
N-COUNT

say-so

[D.J.:ˈseisəu]

[K.K.:ˈseˌso]

n.

主张,发言,发言权

say-so *

say-so
If you do something on someone's say-so , they tell you to do it or they give you permission to do it. (INFORMAL)

- Directors call the shots and nothing happens on set without their say-so.

N-SING: oft with poss

scab

[D.J.:skæb]

[K.K.:skæb]

n.

(伤口或疮口上所结的)痂

(植物的)斑点病,疮痂病

拒不参加罢工的工人;破坏罢工者

scab

1. scab scabs
A scab is a hard, dry covering that forms over the surface of a wound.

- The area can be very painful until scabs form after about ten days.

N-COUNT

2. scab scabs
People who continue to work during a strike are called scabs by the people who are on strike.

- Groups of pickets circled the plant, yelling obscenities at the men they called scabs.

N-COUNT disapproval

3. scab
Also an adjective.

- The mill was started up with scab labor.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. scab
Scab is a disease that can affect apple trees, pear trees, and potato plants.
N-UNCOUNT

scabbard

[D.J.:ˈskæbəd]

[K.K.:ˈskæbəd]

n.

<史>鞘

scabbard

scabbard scabbards
A scabbard is a container for a sword and can hang from a belt.
N-COUNT

scabby

[D.J.:ˈskæbi]

[K.K.:ˈskæbi]

adj.

结痂的

scabby

scabby
If a person, an animal, or a part of their body is scabby , it has scabs on it.

- He had short trousers and scabby knees.

ADJ-GRADED

scabies

[D.J.:ˈskeɪbi:z]

[K.K.:ˈskebiz]

疥疮

scabies

scabies
Scabies is a very infectious skin disease caused by very small creatures and makes you want to scratch a lot.
N-UNCOUNT

scabrous

[D.J.:ˈskæbrəs, ˈskeɪbrəs]

[K.K.:ˈskæbrəs, ˈskebrəs]

adj.

粗糙的,凹凸不平的

困难的：难对付的；棘手的

粗俗的,淫秽的

scabrous

scabrous
If you describe something as scabrous , you mean that it deals with sex or describes sex in a shocking way. (LITERARY)

- ...the scabrous lower reaches of the film business.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

scaffold

[D.J.:ˈskæfəld, -ˌəʊld]

[K.K.:ˈskæfəld, -ˌold]

n.

脚手架

<史>断头台

scaffold

1. scaffold scaffolds
A scaffold was a raised platform on which criminals were hanged or had their heads cut off.

- Ascending the shaky ladder to the scaffold, More addressed the executioner.

N-COUNT

2. scaffold scaffolds
A scaffold is a temporary raised platform on which workers stand to paint, repair, or build high parts of a building.
N-COUNT

scaffolding

[D.J.:ˈskæfəldɪŋ, ˈskæfˌəʊl-]

[K.K.:ˈskæfəldɪŋ, ˈskæfˌol-]

n.

搭脚手架的材料

scaffolding *

scaffolding
Scaffolding consists of poles and boards made into a temporary framework that is used by workers when they are painting, repairing, or building high parts of a building, usually outside.
N-UNCOUNT

scald

[D.J.:skɔ:ld]

[K.K.:skɔld]

vt.

(沸水等)烫伤(皮肤)

把(尤指牛奶)加热到接近沸腾

n.

(沸水或蒸汽造成的)烫伤

scalding

[D.J.:ˈskɔ:ldɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈskɔldɪŋ]

adj.

滚烫的;灼热的

scald

1. scald scalds scalding scalded
If you scald yourself, you burn yourself with very hot liquid or steam.

- A patient jumped into a bath being prepared by a member of staff and scalded herself.

- ...a child with a scalded hand.

VB

2. scald scalds
A scald is a burn caused by very hot liquid or steam.
N-COUNT

scalding

scalding
Scalding or scalding hot liquids are extremely hot.

- I tried to sip the tea but it was scalding.

- ...scalding hot water.

ADJ

scale

[D.J.:skeil]

[K.K.:skel]

n.

鱼鳞, 鳞片

鳞状物; 障眼物

水垢, 水锈

刻度, 度数

比例(尺)

规模; 程度; 范围

等级; 级别

天平, 磅秤

vt.

刮去…的鳞片[鳞状物]

称…的重量

攀登, 爬

scaled

[skeild]

adj.

有鳞状斑点的,有鳞的

scaling

[ˈskeiliŋ]

n.

缩放比例

scale ****

1. scale
If you refer to the scale of something, you are referring to its size or extent, especially when it is very big.

- However, he underestimates the scale of the problem.

- You may feel dwarfed by the sheer scale of the place.

- The break-down of law and order could result in killing on a massive scale.

- The British aid programme is small in scale.

N-SING: also no det, with supp
See also full-scale , large-scale , small-scale .

2. scale scales
A scale is a set of levels or numbers which are used in a particular system of measuring things or are used when comparing things.

- ...an earthquake measuring five-point-five on the Richter scale...

- The patient rates the therapies on a scale of zero to ten.

- The higher up the social scale they are, the more the men have to lose.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
See also sliding scale , time scale .

3. scale scales
A pay scale or scale of fees is a list that shows how much someone should be paid, depending, for example, on their age or what work they do. (BRIT)

- ...those on the high end of the pay scale...

- A Registered Osteopath will be pleased to tell you his scale of fees before you decide on a consultation.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. scale scales
The scale of a map, plan, or model is the relationship between the size of something in the map, plan, or model and its size in the real world.

- The map, on a scale of 1:10,000, shows over 5,000 individual paths.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
See also full-scale , large-scale .

5. scale
A scale model or scale replica of a building or object is a model of it which is smaller than the real thing but has all the same parts and features.

- Franklin made his mother an intricately detailed scale model of the house.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. scale scales
In music, a scale is a fixed sequence of musical notes, each one higher than the next, which begins at a particular note.

- ...the scale of C major.

N-COUNT

7. scale scales
The scales of a fish or reptile are the small, flat pieces of hard skin that cover its body.
N-COUNT: usu pl

8. scale scales
Scales are a piece of equipment used for weighing things, for example for weighing amounts of food that you need in order to make a particular meal.

- ...a pair of kitchen scales.

- ...bathroom scales...

- I step on the scales practically every morning.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

9. scale scales scaling scaled
If you scale something such as a mountain or a wall, you climb up it or over it. (WRITTEN)

- ...Rebecca Stephens, the first British woman to scale Everest...

- The men scaled a wall and climbed down scaffolding on the other side.

VB
= climb

10. scale
If something is out of scale with the things near it, it is too big or too small in relation to them.

- ...the tower surmounted by its enormous golden statue of the Virgin, utterly out of scale with the building.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft PHR with n

11. scale
If the different parts of a map, drawing, or model are to scale , they are the right size in relation to each other.

- ...a miniature garden, with little pagodas and bridges all to scale.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

scale

noun

flake

lamina

layer

plate

scale

noun

1.

graduation

gradation

hierarchy

ladder

progression

ranking

sequence

series

steps

2.

ratio

proportion

3.

degree

extent

range

reach

scope

verb

4.

climb

ascend

clamber

escalade

mount

surmount

5.

adjust

proportion

regulate

scale back ****

scale back scales back; scaling back; scaled back
To scale back means the same as to scale down . (mainly AM)

- Despite current price advantage, UK manufacturers are still having to scale back production.

PHR-V
= decrease

scale down ****

scale down scales down; scaling down; scaled down
If you scale down something, you make it smaller in size, amount, or extent than it used to be.

- One Peking factory has had to scale down its workforce from six hundred to only six.

- The air rescue operation has now been scaled down.

- The Romanian government yesterday unveiled a new, scaled-down security force.

PHR-V
= decrease

scale up ****

scale up scales up; scaling up; scaled up
If you scale up something, you make it greater in size, amount, or extent than it used to be.

- Simply scaling up a size 10 garment often leads to disaster.

- Since then, Wellcome has been scaling up production to prepare for clinical trials.

PHR-V
= increase

scallion

[D.J.:ˈskæljən]

[K.K.:ˈskæljən]

n.

青葱,冬葱,大葱,韭菜

scallion

scallion scallions
A scallion is a small onion with long green leaves. (AM; in BRIT use spring onion )
N-COUNT

scallop

[D.J.:ˈskɔləp, ˈskæl-]

[K.K.:ˈskɑləp, ˈskæl-]

n.

扇贝,干贝蛤

扇形皱褶

vt.

裁制出扇形皱褶

加调料烘烤

scallop shell

n.

扇贝壳

scallops

扇形凹口;贝壳型;凹坑

scallop *

1. scallop scallops
Scallops are large shellfish with two flat fan-shaped shells. Scallops can be eaten.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. scallop scallops
Scallops are a series of small curves that form an ornamental border on things such as clothes, tablecloths, or handkerchiefs.
N-COUNT: usu pl

scalloped

[ˈskɔləpt]

adj.

有圆齿的

scalloped

scalloped
Scalloped objects are decorated with a series of small curves along the edges.

- The quilt has pretty, scalloped edges and intricate quilting.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

scallywag

[D.J.:ˈskæliwæɡ]

[K.K.:ˈskæliˌwæɡ]

n.

饭桶,无赖汉

scallywag

scallywag scallywags
If you call a boy or a man a scallywag , you mean that he behaves badly but you like him, so you find it difficult to be really angry with him. (OLD-FASHIONED, INFORMAL)

- It's his idea of a joke, I suppose, the scallywag.

N-COUNT
= scamp rascal

scalp

[D.J.:skælp]

[K.K.:skælp]

n.

头皮

(表明战胜某人的)战利品;胜利的象征

vt.

剥去…的头皮

转手倒卖以牟利

scalping

[ˈskælpiŋ]

n.

剥头皮;刮[剥]光

scalp *

1. scalp scalps
Your scalp is the skin under the hair on your head.

- He smoothed his hair back over his scalp.

- Massage the shampoo into the scalp.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. scalp scalps scalping scalped
To scalp someone means to remove the skin and hair from the top of their head.

- He pretended to scalp me with his sword.

VB

3. scalp scalps
A scalp is the piece of skin and hair that is removed when someone is scalped.
N-COUNT

4. scalp scalps
If you say that you want someone's scalp , you mean that you want to defeat or punish them. (INFORMAL)

- Stock speculators wanted his scalp.

- He told friends I was after his scalp.

N-COUNT: with poss

5. scalp scalps scalping scalped
If someone scalps tickets, they sell them outside a sports ground or theatre, usually for more than their original value. (AM; in BRIT use tout )

- He was trying to pick up some cash scalping tickets.

VB

scalpel

[D.J.:ˈskælpəl]

[K.K.:ˈskælpəl]

n.

外科手术刀

scalpel

scalpel scalpels
A scalpel is a knife with a short, thin, sharp blade. Scalpels are used by surgeons during operations.
N-COUNT

scalper

[ˈskælpə]

n.

剥头皮的人,做投机抽头的人,黄牛党,黄牛,圆凿

scalper

scalper scalpers
A scalper is someone who sells tickets outside a sports ground or theatre, usually for more than their original value. (AM; in BRIT use tout )

- Another scalper said he'd charge a $1000 for a $125 ticket.

N-COUNT

scaly

[D.J.:ˈskeɪli:]

[K.K.:ˈskeli]

adj.

(动物)多鳞的

(皮肤)干燥粗糙的

scaly

1. scaly
A scaly animal has small pieces of hard skin covering its body.

- The brown rat has prominent ears and a long scaly tail.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. scaly
If someone's skin is scaly , it has dry areas and small pieces of it come off.

- If your skin becomes red, sore or very scaly, consult your doctor.

ADJ-GRADED

scam

[D.J.:skæm]

[K.K.:skæm]

n.

花招; 骗局

scam *

scam scams
A scam is an illegal trick, usually with the purpose of getting money from people or avoiding paying tax. (INFORMAL)

- They believed they were participating in an insurance scam, not a murder.

- The duo set up a scam to settle their respective debts.

N-COUNT
= swindle racket

scamp

[D.J.:skæmp]

[K.K.:skæmp]

n.

流氓

(昵称)顽皮的家伙

vt.

草率地做;对…草率从事

scamp

scamp scamps
If you call a boy a scamp , you mean that he is naughty or disrespectful but you like him, so you find it difficult to be angry with him. (INFORMAL)

- Have some respect for me, you scamp!

- ...cheeky young scamps.

N-COUNT
= rascal

scamp

noun

rascal

devil

imp

monkey

rogue

scallywag informal

scamper

[D.J.:ˈskæmpə]

[K.K.:ˈskæmpɚ]

vi.

蹦蹦跳跳地跑;惊惶奔跑

scamper

scamper scampers scampering scampered
When people or small animals scamper somewhere, they move there quickly with small, light steps.

- Children scampered off the yellow school bus and into the playground.

- The flash sent the foxes scampering away.

VB

scamper

verb

run

dart

dash

hasten

hurry

romp

scoot

scurry

scuttle

scampi

[D.J.:ˈskæmpi]

[K.K.:ˈskæmpi, ˈskɑm-]

n.

挪威海螯虾

scampi

scampi
Scampi are large prawns, often served fried in breadcrumbs. (mainly BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

scan

[D.J.:skæn]

[K.K.:skæn]

vt.

细查, 审视, 观测, 严密监视

浏览

〈计〉扫描

n.

扫描

scanned

经(擦伤仪)仔细检查的

scanning

[D.J.:ˈskæniŋ]

[K.K.:ˈskænɪŋ]

v.

扫描

scan **

1. scan scans scanning scanned
When you scan written material, you look through it quickly in order to find important or interesting information.

- She scanned the advertisement pages of the newspapers.

- I haven't read much into it as yet. I've only just scanned through it.

VB

2. scan
Also a noun.

- I just had a quick scan through your book again.

N-SING

3. scan scans scanning scanned
When you scan a place or group of people, you look at it carefully, usually because you are looking for something or someone.

- The officer scanned the room.

- She was nervous and kept scanning the crowd for Paul.

- He raised the binoculars to his eye again, scanning across the scene.

VB: no passive

4. scan scans scanning scanned
If people scan something such as luggage, they examine it using a machine that can show or find things inside it that cannot be seen from the outside.

- Their approach is to scan every checked-in bag with a bomb detector.

VB

5. scanning

- ...routine scanning of luggage.

N-UNCOUNT

6. scan scans scanning scanned
If a picture or document is scanned into a computer, a machine passes a beam of light over it to make a copy of it in the computer.

- The entire paper contents of all libraries will eventually be scanned into computers.

- Designs can also be scanned in from paper.

VB: usu passive

7. scan scans scanning scanned
If a radar or sonar machine scans an area, it examines or searches it by sending radar or sonar beams over it.

- The ship's radar scanned the sea ahead.

VB

8. scan scans
A scan is a medical test in which a machine sends a beam of X-rays over a part of your body in order to check that it is healthy.

- He was rushed to hospital for a brain scan.

- ...a breast scan to check for cancer.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

9. scan scans
If a pregnant woman has a scan , a machine using sound waves produces an image of her womb on a screen so that a doctor can see if her baby is developing normally.
N-COUNT

10. scan scans scanning scanned
If a line of a poem does not scan , it is not the right length or does not have emphasis in the right places to match the rest of the poem.

- He had written a few poems. Sid told him they didn't scan.

VB: usu with brd-neg

scan

verb

1.

glance over

check

check out informal

examine

eye

look through

run one's eye over

run over

skim

2.

scrutinize

investigate

scour

search

survey

sweep

scandal

[D.J.:ˈskændl]

[K.K.:ˈskændl]

n.

丑事, 丑闻

流言蜚语; 闲话; 诽谤

公愤; 反感

scandal ***

1. scandal scandals
A scandal is a situation or event that is thought to be shocking and immoral and that everyone knows about.

- ...a financial scandal.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. scandal
Scandal is talk about the shocking and immoral aspects of someone's behaviour or something that has happened.

- He loved gossip and scandal.

- These mothers often abandoned their children because of fear of scandal.

N-UNCOUNT

3. scandal
If you say that something is a scandal , you are angry about it and think that the people responsible for it should be ashamed.

- It is a scandal that a person can be stopped for no reason by the police.

N-SING: oft N that disapproval
= disgrace

scandal

noun

1.

crime

disgrace

embarrassment

offence

sin

wrongdoing

2.

shame

defamation

discredit

disgrace

dishonour

ignominy

infamy

opprobrium

stigma

3.

gossip

aspersion

dirt

rumours

slander

talk

tattle

scandalize

[D.J.:ˈskændlˌaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈskændl..ˌaɪz]

vt.

使震惊

使...愤慨

诽谤;使...受耻辱

scandalize

scandalize scandalizes scandalizing scandalized
If something scandalizes people, they are shocked or offended by it.

- As a young woman, she scandalised her family by falling in love with a married man.

VB (BRIT) also scandalise

scandalize

verb

shock

affront

appal

horrify

offend

outrage

scandalous

[D.J.:ˈskændləs]

[K.K.:ˈskændləs]

adj.

令人反感的;令人愤慨的

scandalous *

1. scandalous
Scandalous behaviour or activity is considered immoral and shocking.

- They would be sacked for criminal or scandalous behaviour.

- He spoke of scandalous corruption and incompetence.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= shocking

2. scandalously

- He asked only that Ingrid stop behaving so scandalously.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. scandalous
Scandalous stories or remarks are concerned with the immoral and shocking aspects of someone's behaviour or something that has happened.

- Newspaper columns were full of scandalous tales.

- A jealous colleague could spread scandalous gossip about you.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. scandalous
You can describe something as scandalous if it makes you very angry and you think the people responsible for it should be ashamed.

- It is absolutely scandalous that a fantastic building like this is just left to rot away.

- ...a scandalous waste of money.

ADJ disapproval
= disgraceful

5. scandalously

- ...scandalously over-priced Beaujolais Nouveau.

ADV: usu ADV adj

scandalous

adjective

1.

shocking

disgraceful

disreputable

infamous

outrageous

shameful

unseemly

2.

slanderous

defamatory

libellous

scurrilous

untrue

scandal sheet

scandal sheet scandal sheets
You can refer to newspapers and magazines which print mainly stories about sex and crime as scandal sheets . (AM; in BRIT use gutter press )
N-COUNT

Scandinavian

[D.J.:ˌskændəˈneɪvi:ən, -ˈneɪvjən]

[K.K.:ˌskændəˈneviən, -ˈnevjən]

adj.

北欧诸国的;斯堪的纳维亚的(主要指丹麦、挪威、瑞典、芬兰和冰岛)

n.

斯堪的纳维亚人

Scandinavian *

1. Scandinavian
Scandinavian means belonging or relating to a group of northern European countries that includes Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, or to the people, languages, or culture of those countries.

- The three Baltic republics have called on the Scandinavian countries for help in starting negotiations with Moscow.

- ...a festival of Scandinavian culture in London.

ADJ

2. Scandinavian Scandinavians
Scandinavians are people from Scandinavian countries.
N-COUNT

scanner

[D.J.:ˈskænə]

[K.K.:ˈskænɚ]

n.

检测装置;扫描设备;扫描器

scanner *

1. scanner scanners
A scanner is a machine which is used to examine, identify, or record things, for example by using a beam of light, sound, or X-rays.

- ...brain scanners.

- ...a security scanner that can see through clothes.

N-COUNT

2. scanner scanners
A scanner is a piece of computer equipment that you use for copying a picture or document onto a computer.
N-COUNT

scant

[D.J.:skænt]

[K.K.:skænt]

adj.

不足的; 缺乏的

scant *

1. scant
You use scant to indicate that there is very little of something or not as much of something as there should be.

- She began to berate the police for paying scant attention to the theft from her car.

- ...forces that have shown scant respect for Red Cross markings or UN flags...

- There is scant evidence of strong economic growth to come.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. scant
If you describe an amount as scant , you are emphasizing that it is small.

- This hole was a scant .23 inches in diameter.

- In fact, Richard Savage had known Edward Bellamy a scant five hours.

ADJ: a ADJ amount emphasis
= mere

scant

adjective

meagre

barely sufficient

little

minimal

sparse

scantily

[D.J.:ˈskæntɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈskæntɪlɪ]

adv.

缺乏地,不充足地;吝啬地;狭窄地

scanty

[D.J.:ˈskænti:]

[K.K.:ˈskænti]

adj.

(大小或数量)不足的;勉强够的

scanty

1. scanty scantier scantiest
You describe something as scanty when there is less of it than you think there should be.

- So far, what scanty evidence we have points to two suspects.

ADJ-GRADED

2. scanty scantier scantiest
If someone is wearing scanty clothing, he or she is wearing clothes which are sexually revealing.

- ...a model in scanty clothing.

ADJ-GRADED
= flimsy

3. scantily

- ...a troupe of scantily-clad dancers.

- ...pictures of scantily dressed women on every page.

ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed/adj

scanty

adjective

meagre

bare

deficient

inadequate

insufficient

poor

scant

short

skimpy

sparse

thin

scapegoat

[D.J.:ˈskeɪpˌgəʊt]

[K.K.:ˈskepˌɡot]

n.

代人受过的人;替罪羊

scapegoatism

n.

寻找替罪羊

scapegoatism

抛出替罪羊

scapegoat *

1. scapegoat scapegoats
If you say that someone is made a scapegoat for something bad that has happened, you mean that people blame them and may punish them for it although it may not be their fault.

- I don't think I deserve to be messed about and made the scapegoat for a couple of bad results.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

2. scapegoat scapegoats scapegoating scapegoated
To scapegoat someone means to blame them publicly for something bad that has happened, even though it was not their fault.

- ...a climate where ethnic minorities are continually scapegoated for the lack of jobs and housing problems.

VB

3. scapegoating

- The teachers are fair and avoid favouritism and scapegoating.

N-UNCOUNT

scapegoat

noun

whipping boy

fall guy informal

scapula

[D.J.:ˈskæpjulə]

[K.K.:ˈskæpjələ]

n.

肩胛骨

scapula

scapula scapulae
Your scapula is your shoulder blade. (MEDICAL)
N-COUNT

scar

[D.J.:skɑ:]

[K.K.:skɑr]

n.

伤痕, 伤疤; 精神上的创伤

vt.

使留下伤痕

scarred

瘢痕性的

scars

冻结物

scar **

1. scar scars
A scar is a mark on the skin which is left after a wound has healed.

- He had a scar on his forehead.

- ...facial injuries which have left permanent scars.

N-COUNT

2. scar scars scarring scarred
If your skin is scarred , it is badly marked as a result of a wound.

- He was scarred for life during a pub fight.

- His scarred face crumpled with pleasure.

VB: usu passive

3. scar scars scarring scarred
If a surface is scarred , it is damaged and there are ugly marks on it.

- The arena was scarred by deep muddy ruts.

- ...scarred wooden table tops.

VB: usu passive

4. scar scars
If an unpleasant physical or emotional experience leaves a scar on someone, it has a permanent effect on their mind.

- The early years of fear and the hostility left a deep scar on the young boy.

- ...emotional scars that come from having been abused.

N-COUNT

5. scar scars scarring scarred
If an unpleasant physical or emotional experience scars you, it has a permanent effect on your mind.

- This is something that's going to scar him forever.

VB

scar

noun

1.

mark

blemish

injury

wound

verb

2.

mark

damage

disfigure

scarce

[D.J.:skɛəs]

[K.K.:skɛrs]

adj.

缺乏的, 罕见的

scarce **

1. scarce scarcer scarcest
If something is scarce , there is not enough of it.

- Food was scarce and expensive.

- Jobs are becoming increasingly scarce.

- ...the allocation of scarce resources.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

2. scarce
If you make yourself scarce , you quickly leave the place you are in, usually in order to avoid a difficult or embarrassing situation. (INFORMAL)

- It probably would be a good idea if you made yourself scarce.

PHR: V inflects

scarce

adjective

rare

few

few and far between

infrequent

in short supply

insufficient

uncommon

scarcely

[D.J.:ˈskɛəsli]

[K.K.:ˈskɛrsli]

adv.

仅仅; 几乎不

决不

scarcely **

1. scarcely
You use scarcely to emphasize that something is only just true or only just the case.

- He could scarcely breathe.

- I scarcely knew him.

- She seemed scarcely aware of him.

- He was scarcely more than a boy.

- Scarcely a week goes by without the news providing fresh examples of police racism.

- She was scarcely 18 when she made her debut.

ADV-BRD-NEG: ADV before v, ADV group, oft ADV amount emphasis

2. scarcely
You can use scarcely to say that something is not true or is not the case, in a humorous or critical way.

- It can scarcely be coincidence.

- Yesterday, however, his views seemed scarcely relevant.

- It was scarcely in their interest to let too many people know.

ADV-BRD-NEG: ADV before v, ADV group
= hardly

3. scarcely
If you say scarcely had one thing happened when something else happened, you mean that the first event was followed immediately by the second.

- Scarcely had they left the university campus before soldiers armed with bayonets and rifles charged into the students.

- Bruce had scarcely shaken our hands when the phone rang.

ADV-BRD-NEG: ADV before v

scarcely

adverb

1.

hardly

barely

2.

definitely not

hardly

scarcity

[D.J.:ˈskeəsɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈskɛrsɪti]

n.

不足;缺乏

scarcity *

scarcity scarcities
If there is a scarcity of something, there is not enough of it for the people who need it or want it. (FORMAL)

- ...an ever increasing scarcity of water.

N-VAR
= shortage

scarcity

noun

shortage

dearth

deficiency

insufficiency

lack

paucity

rareness

want

scare

[D.J.:skɛə]

[K.K.:skɛr]

vt.

恐吓; 使惊恐

vi.

受惊吓, 感到害怕

n.

惊恐, 惊吓

(社会上的)大恐慌

adj.

吓人的

scared

[D.J.:skeəd]

adj.

惊慌的;吓坏的

scares

[ˈskærəs]

n.

煤中黄铁矿薄片

scare **

1. scare scares scaring scared
If you want to emphasize that something scares you a lot, you can say that it scares the hell out of you or scares the life out of you. (INFORMAL)

- You're scaring me.

- What scares me most is that I'm going to end up not being married.

- The prospect of failure scares me rigid.

- It scared him to realise how close he had come to losing everything.

PHR: V inflects emphasis

2. scare
If a sudden unpleasant experience gives you a scare , it frightens you.

- Don't you realize what a scare you've given us all?.

- We got a bit of a scare.

N-SING

3. scare scares
A scare is a situation in which many people are afraid or worried because they think something dangerous is happening which will affect them all.

- ...the doctor at the centre of an Aids scare...

- Despite the scare there are no plans to withdraw the drug.

N-COUNT: oft n N

4. scare scares
A bomb scare or a security scare is a situation in which there is believed to be a bomb in a place.

- Despite many recent bomb scares, no one has yet been hurt.

- ...a security scare over a suspect package.

N-COUNT: usu n N
= alert

scared **

1. scared
If you are scared of someone or something, you are frightened of them.

- I'm certainly not scared of him.

- I was too scared to move.

- Why are you so scared?

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ of n, ADJ to-inf
= frightened

2. scared
If you are scared that something unpleasant might happen, you are nervous and worried because you think that it might happen.

- I was scared that I might be sick.

- He was scared of letting us down.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ that, ADJ of -ing
= frightened

3. scared
If you are scared to death or scared stiff , you are extremely scared.

- In high school I was scared to death of you.

- He's scared stiff of the relationship breaking down.

PHR emphasis
= terrified

scare

verb

1.

frighten

alarm

dismay

intimidate

panic

shock

startle

terrify

noun

2.

fright

panic

shock

start

terror

scared

adjective

frightened

fearful

panicky

panic-stricken

petrified

shaken

startled

terrified

scare off **

1. scare off scares off; scaring off; scared off
If you scare off or scare away a person or animal, you frighten them so that they go away.

- ...an alarm to scare off an attacker.

- ...the problem of scaring birds away from airport runways.

PHR-V
= frighten off

2. scare off scares off; scaring off; scared off
If you scare someone off , you accidentally make them unwilling to become involved with you.

- I don't think that revealing your past to your boyfriend scared him off.

- The new Democratic Party is not likely to scare off voters.

PHR-V
= put off frighten off

3. scare up scares up; scaring up; scared up
If you scare up something, you provide, produce, or obtain it, often when it is difficult to do so or when you do not have many resources. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- An all-star game might scare up a little interest.

- Why don't you see if you can scare up a cup of coffee?

PHR-V

scarecrow

[D.J.:ˈskeəˌkrəʊ]

[K.K.:ˈskɛrˌkro]

n.

(竖在田里吓鸟的)稻草人

<非正>邋遢的人;骨瘦如柴的人

scarecrow

scarecrow scarecrows
A scarecrow is an object in the shape of a person, which is put in a field where crops are growing in order to frighten birds away.
N-COUNT

scaremongering

scaremongering
If one person or group accuses another person or group of scaremongering , they accuse them of deliberately spreading worrying stories to try and frighten people.

- The Government yesterday accused Greenpeace of scaremongering.

N-UNCOUNT

scare story

scare story scare stories
A scare story is something that is said or written to make people feel frightened and think that a situation is much more unpleasant or dangerous than it really is.

- He described talk of sackings as scare stories.

N-COUNT

scarf

[D.J.:skɑ:f]

[K.K.:skɑrf]

n.

围巾; 披肩; 领巾

scarves

[D.J.:skɑ:vz]

[K.K.:skɑrvz]

n.

领带,(长)桌巾,丝巾

scarf *

scarf scarfs or scarves
A scarf is a piece of cloth that you wear round your neck or head, usually to keep yourself warm.

- He reached up to loosen the scarf around his neck.

N-COUNT

scarves

Scarves is a plural of scarf .

scarlet

[D.J.:ˈskɑ:lɪt]

[K.K.:ˈskɑrlɪt]

n.

鲜红色;猩红色

adj.

鲜红的;深红的

scarlet *

1. scarlet scarlets
Something that is scarlet is bright red.

- ...her scarlet lipstick.

COLOUR

2. scarlet scarlets
If someone with pale skin turns or goes scarlet , their face becomes redder than usual because they are very embarrassed or angry.

- She turned scarlet from embarrassment, once she realized what she had done.

- Her face went bright scarlet.

COLOUR: usu v-link COLOUR

scarlet fever

scarlet fever
Scarlet fever is an infectious disease which gives you a painful throat, a high temperature, and red spots on your skin.
N-UNCOUNT

scarper

[ˈskɑ:pə]

vi.

跑开,跑走

scarper

scarper scarpers scarpering scarpered
If someone scarpers , they leave a place quickly. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He owed Vince money for drugs, which is perhaps the reason he scarpered.

VB

scarper

verb Slang

run away

abscond

beat it slang

clear off informal

disappear

flee

run for it

scram informal

take to one's heels

-scarred

1. -scarred
-scarred is used after nouns such as `bullet' and `fire' to form adjectives which indicate that something has been damaged or marked by the thing mentioned.

- Crying orphans were loaded back into a bullet-scarred bus.

- ...a lightning-scarred tree.

COMB in ADJ: ADJ n

2. -scarred
-scarred is used after nouns such as `battle' or `drug' to form adjectives which indicate that the thing mentioned has had a permanent effect on someone's mind.

- ...battle-scarred soldiers.

- ...a war-scarred orphan.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

scary

[D.J.:ˈskeəri:]

[K.K.:ˈskɛri]

adj.

使人惊恐的;吓人的;可怕的

scary *

1. scary scarier scariest
Something that is scary is rather frightening. (INFORMAL)

- I think prison is going to be a scary thing for Harry.

- There's something very scary about him.

- We watched scary movies.

ADJ-GRADED

2. scarily

- ...the scarily unstable new world order.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj

scary

adjective

frightening

alarming

chilling

creepy informal

horrifying

spine-chilling

spooky informal

terrifying

scat

[D.J.:skæt]

[K.K.:skæt]

int.

嘘!

v.

迅速走开,乱喊乱叫,无意义地乱唱;嘘叫着赶

n.

爵士音乐中无意义的音节的演唱,敲打声

scat

scat
Scat is a type of jazz singing in which the singer sings sounds rather than complete words.
N-UNCOUNT

scathing

[D.J.:ˈskeɪðɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈskeðɪŋ]

adj.

(言词、文章)严厉的;尖刻的,不留情的

scathingly

adv.

严厉地;尖刻地

scathing *

1. scathing
If you say that someone is being scathing about something, you mean that they are being very critical of it.

- The society has been particularly scathing about the planning record of West Somerset District Council.

- He then launched a scathing attack on previous leaders.

ADJ-GRADED

2. scathingly

- `Oh, they want to be excused,' the other girl said scathingly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

scathing

adjective

critical

biting

caustic

cutting

harsh

sarcastic

scornful

trenchant

withering

scatological

scatological
If you describe something as scatological , you mean that it deliberately refers to or represents faeces in some way. (FORMAL)

- ...scatological anecdotes.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

scatter

[D.J.:ˈskætə]

[K.K.:ˈskætɚ]

vt. & vi.

(使)散开, (使)分散; 驱散

vt.

撒

n.

零星少数; 少量

scattered

[D.J.:ˈskætəd]

adj.

分散的;稀稀拉拉的

scattering

[D.J.:ˈskætəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈskætərɪŋ]

n.

散射

scatter **

1. scatter scatters scattering scattered
If you scatter things over an area, you throw or drop them so that they spread all over the area.

- She tore the rose apart and scattered the petals over the grave.

- They've been scattering toys everywhere.

- He began by scattering seed and putting in plants.

VB

2. scatter scatters scattering scattered
If a group of people scatter or if you scatter them, they suddenly separate and move in different directions.

- After dinner, everyone scattered.

- The cavalry scattered them and chased them off the field.

V-ERG

3. scatter
A scatter of things is a number of them spread over an area in an irregular way. (LITERARY)

- On the table was a pile of books and a scatter of papers.

N-SING: usu N of n

scattered **

1. scattered
Scattered things are spread over an area in an untidy or irregular way.

- He picked up the scattered toys.

- Tomorrow there will be a few scattered showers.

- The fridge door was open and food was scattered across the floor.

ADJ: ADJ n, v-link ADJ prep/adv

2. scattered
If something is scattered with a lot of small things, they are spread all over it.

- Every surface is scattered with photographs.

ADJ: v-link ADJ with n

scattering *

scattering scatterings
A scattering of things or people is a small number of them spread over an area.

- ...the scattering of houses east of the village...

- Mr. James had had a scattering of very wealthy friends.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

scatter

verb

1.

throw about

diffuse

disseminate

fling

shower

spread

sprinkle

strew

2.

disperse

disband

dispel

dissipate

scatterbrained

adj.

注意力不集中的

scatterbrained

scatterbrained
If you describe someone as scatterbrained , you mean that they often forget things and are unable to organize their thoughts properly.
ADJ-GRADED also scatter-brained .
= forgetful

scatter cushion

scatter cushion scatter cushions
Scatter cushions are small cushions for use on sofas and chairs.
N-COUNT: usu pl

scattergun

[D.J.:ˈskætəɡʌn]

[K.K.:ˈskætɚˌɡʌn]

n.

猎枪,机关枪

scattergun

1. scattergun scatterguns
A scattergun is a gun that fires a lot of small metal balls at the same time. (AM)
N-COUNT also scatter-gun
= shotgun

2. scattergun
Scattergun means the same as scattershot .

- They advocated a scattergun approach of posting dozens of letters.

ADJ: ADJ n also scatter-gun

scattershot

[D.J.:ˈskætəʃɔt]

[K.K.:ˈskætɚˌʃɑt]

adj.

漫无目标的

scattershot

scattershot
A scattershot approach or method involves doing something to a lot of things or people in disorganized way, rather than focusing on particular things or people.

- The report condemns America's scattershot approach to training workers.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

scatty

[D.J.:ˈskæti]

[K.K.:ˈskæti]

adj.

疯狂的,低能的

scatty

scatty
If you describe someone as scatty , you mean that they often forget things or behave in a silly way. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Her mother is scatty and absent-minded.

ADJ-GRADED
= scatterbrained forgetful

scavenge

[D.J.:ˈskævəndʒ]

[K.K.:ˈskævəndʒ]

vt. & vi.

(动物)以(垃圾、腐肉)为食

在(废弃物中)搜寻(食物、可用物品等)

scavenger

[D.J.:ˈskævəndʒə]

[K.K.:ˈskævəndʒɚ]

n.

捡破烂的人;清扫工

食腐动物

scavenging

[ˈskævindʒiŋ]

n.

净化,清除

scavenge *

1. scavenge scavenges scavenging scavenged
If people or animals scavenge for things, they collect them by searching among waste or unwanted objects.

- Many are orphans, their parents killed as they scavenged for food.

- Children scavenge through garbage.

- The foxes come and scavenge the bones.

- Cruz had to scavenge information from newspapers and journals.

VB

2. scavenger scavengers

- ...scavengers such as rats.

N-COUNT

scenario

[D.J.:sɪˈneəri:ˌəʊ, -ˈnɑ:-, -ˈnær-]

[K.K.:sɪˈnɛriˌo, -ˈnɑr-, -ˈnær-]

n.

(电影、戏剧等的)剧情说明;脚本

(行动的)方案,纲要;(对可能出现的情况的)描述,推测

scenarios

脚本

scenario **

1. scenario scenarios
If you talk about a likely or possible scenario , you are talking about the way in which a situation may develop.

- ...the nightmare scenario of a divided and irrelevant Royal Family...

- In the worst-case scenario, you could become a homeless person.

- Try to imagine all the possible scenarios and what action you would take.

N-COUNT

2. scenario scenarios
The scenario of a film is a piece of writing that gives an outline of the story.
N-COUNT
= outline

scenario

noun

story line

outline

r´esum´e

summary

synopsis

scene

[D.J.:si:n]

[K.K.:sin]

n.

(戏剧的)一场, (电影、电视的)一个镜头, (小说的)一节

背景, 现场

地点

景色, 景象

发脾气, 吵闹

scene ****

1. scene scenes
A scene in a play, film, or book is part of it in which a series of events happen in the same place.

- I found the scene in which Percy proposed to Olive tremendously poignant.

- ...the opening scene of `A Christmas Carol'.

- ...love scenes.

- ...Act I, scene 1.

N-COUNT

2. scene scenes
You refer to a place as a scene when you are describing its appearance and indicating what impression it makes on you.

- It's a scene of complete devastation.

- Thick black smoke billowed over the scene.

- You can just picture the scene, can't you?

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. scene scenes
You can describe an event that you see, or that is broadcast or shown in a picture, as a scene of a particular kind.

- There were emotional scenes as the refugees enjoyed their first breath of freedom.

- Television broadcasters were warned to exercise caution over depicting scenes of violence.

- It was a bizarre scene.

N-COUNT: with supp

4. scene scenes
The scene of an event is the place where it happened.

- The area has been the scene of fierce fighting for three months.

- ...traces left at the scene of a crime...

- Fire and police crews rushed to the scene, but the couple were already dead.

- Riot vans were on the scene in minutes.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

5. scene
You can refer to an area of activity as a particular type of scene .

- Sandman's experimentation has made him something of a cult figure on the local music scene.

- ...when he first burst onto the national political scene at age 28.

- ...a youth guide to London's club scene.

N-SING: supp N, usu the supp N

6. scene scenes
Paintings and drawings of places are sometimes called scenes .

- ...James Lynch's country scenes.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

7. scene scenes
If you make a scene , you embarrass people by publicly showing your anger about something.

- I'm sorry I made such a scene.

N-COUNT: usu sing

8. scene
If something is done behind the scenes , it is done secretly rather than publicly.

- But behind the scenes Mr Cain will be working quietly to try to get a deal done.

- ...behind-the-scenes discussions.

PHR: PHR with cl, PHR n

9. scene
If you refer to what happens behind the scenes , you are referring to what happens during the making of a film, play, or radio or television programme.

- It's an exciting opportunity to learn what goes on behind the scenes.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n

10. scene
If you have a change of scene , you go somewhere different after being in a particular place for a long time.

- What you need is a change of scene. Why not go on a cruise?

PHR: usu v PHR
= a change of scenery

11. scene
If you set the scene for someone, you tell them what they need to know in order to understand what is going to happen or be said next.

- But first to set the scene: I was having a drink with my ex-boyfriend.

PHR: V inflects

12. scene
Something that sets the scene for a particular event creates the conditions in which the event is likely to happen.

- Farmers mounted a `commando operation' to open up the lake's sluice gate and drain off 40 centimetres of water, so setting the scene for disaster.

PHR: V inflects

13. scene
When a person or thing appears on the scene , they come into being or become involved in something. When they disappear from the scene , they are no longer there or are no longer involved.

- He could react rather jealously when and if another child comes on the scene.

- Harris disappeared from the scene as suddenly as he had appeared.

PHR: usu v PHR

14. scene
If you say that an activity or place is not your scene , you mean that you do not like it or enjoy it. (INFORMAL)

- Lying on the beach all week isn't my scene.

PHR: V inflects

scene

noun

1.

site

area

locality

place

position

setting

spot

2.

setting

backdrop

background

location

set

3.

show

display

drama

exhibition

pageant

picture

sight

spectacle

4.

act

division

episode

part

5.

view

landscape

panorama

prospect

vista

6.

fuss

carry-on informal chiefly Brit.

commotion

exhibition

performance

row

tantrum

to-do

7.

world

arena

business

environment

scenery

[D.J.:ˈsi:nəri]

[K.K.:ˈsinəri]

n.

风景, 景色

舞台布景

scenery *

1. scenery
The scenery in a country area is the land, water, or plants that you can see around you.

- ...the island's spectacular scenery...

- Sometimes they just drive slowly down the lane enjoying the scenery.

N-UNCOUNT

2. scenery
In a theatre, the scenery consists of the structures and painted backgrounds that show where the action in the play takes place.
N-UNCOUNT

3. scenery
If you have a change of scenery , you go somewhere different after being in a particular place for a long time.

- A change of scenery might do you the power of good.

PHR
= a change of scene

scenery

noun Informal

1.

landscape

surroundings

terrain

view

vista

2.

set

backdrop

flats

setting

stage set

scenic

[D.J.:ˈsi:nɪk]

[K.K.:ˈsinɪk]

adj.

自然景色的;景色优美的

scenic *

1. scenic
A scenic place has attractive scenery.

- This is an extremely scenic part of America.

- ...a 2-hour drive through scenic country.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= beautiful picturesque

2. scenic
A scenic route goes through attractive scenery and has nice views.

- It was even marked on the map as a scenic route.

- I went some miles out of my way to take the scenic road into Macon.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. scenic
If a place has scenic beauty, its scenery is attractive.

- ...a land of unparalleled scenic beauty.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. scenically

- The Azores are scenically stunning.

ADV: usu ADV adj

scenic

adjective Theatre

picturesque

beautiful

panoramic

spectacular

striking

scent

[D.J.:sent]

[K.K.:sɛnt]

n.

气味, 香味

香水

(动物的)臭迹, 遗臭

线索

(尤指狗的)嗅觉

vt.

(动物等)嗅出…的气味, 嗅出…的存在

察觉到(坏事等的)存在; 觉得有, 怀疑有

使充满香味; 洒香水于

scented

[D.J.:sentɪd]

[K.K.: sɛntɪd]

adj.

有气味的;有嗅觉的

洒有香水的

scent **

1. scent scents
The scent of something is the pleasant smell that it has.

- Flowers are chosen for their scent as well as their look.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= fragrance

2. scent scents scenting scented
If something scents a place or thing, it makes it smell pleasant.

- Jasmine flowers scent the air.

- Scent your drawers and wardrobe with your favourite aromas.

VB

3. scent scents
Scent is a liquid which women put on their necks and wrists to make themselves smell nice. (BRIT; in AM use perfume )

- She dabbed herself with scent.

N-MASS
= perfume

4. scent scents
The scent of a person or animal is the smell that they leave and that other people sometimes follow when looking for them.

- A police dog picked up the murderer's scent.

- Many kinds of insect find their mates by scent.

N-VAR: usu with supp

5. scent scents scented
When an animal scents something, it becomes aware of it by smelling it.

- ...dogs which scent the hidden birds.

VB: no cont
= smell

6. scent scents scenting scented
If you scent a situation, you feel that it is going to happen.

- Republicans from Pennsylvania and New York are scenting victory.

VB
= sense

scented *

scented
Scented things have a pleasant smell, either naturally or because perfume has been added to them.

- The white flowers are pleasantly scented.

- ...scented body lotion.

ADJ
= perfumed

scent

noun

1.

fragrance

aroma

bouquet

odour

perfume

smell

2.

trail

spoor

track

verb

3.

detect

discern

nose out

sense

smell

sniff

scented

adjective

fragrant

aromatic

odoriferous

perfumed

sweet-smelling

sceptic

[D.J.:ˈskeptɪk]

[K.K.:ˈskɛptɪk]

n.

多疑者

怀疑宗教的人

sceptic *

sceptic sceptics
A sceptic is a person who has doubts about things that other people believe.

- He was a born sceptic.

- But he now has to convince sceptics that he has a serious plan.

N-COUNT (AM) skeptic

sceptic

noun

doubter

cynic

disbeliever

doubting Thomas

sceptical

[D.J.:ˈskeptikəl]

[K.K.:ˈskɛptɪkəl]

adj.

不肯相信的; 常怀疑的

sceptically

[D.J.:ˈskeptɪkəɪɪ]

[K.K.:ˈsk ɛptɪk l..ɪ]

adv.

怀疑地

sceptical **

1. sceptical
If you are sceptical about something, you have doubts about it.

- Other archaeologists are sceptical about his findings.

- ...scientists who are sceptical of global warming and its alleged consequences...

- The party has always had a cautious and sceptical attitude to Europe.

ADJ-GRADED: oft v-link ADJ about/of n (AM) skeptical
= dubious

2. sceptically

- I looked at him skeptically, sure he was exaggerating.

- `What's your point?' demanded the old man sceptically.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
= dubiously

sceptical

adjective

doubtful

cynical

disbelieving

dubious

incredulous

mistrustful

unconvinced

scepticism

[D.J.:ˈskeptɪˌsɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈskɛptɪˌsɪzəm]

n.

怀疑态度;怀疑论

scepticism *

scepticism
Scepticism is great doubt about whether something is true or useful.

- There was also considerable scepticism about the Chancellor's forecast of a booming economy next year.

- The report has inevitably been greeted with scepticism.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) skepticism
= doubt

scepticism

noun

doubt

cynicism

disbelief

incredulity

unbelief

sceptre

[D.J.:ˈseptə]

[K.K.:ˈsɛptɚ]

n.

(尤指象征君主权位的)权杖

王权;君权

sceptred

adj.

sceptre

sceptre sceptres
A sceptre is an ornamental rod that a king or queen carries on ceremonial occasions as a symbol of his or her power.
N-COUNT (AM) scepter

schedule

[D.J.:ˈʃedju:əl]

[K.K.:ˈskɛdʒul, -uəl, ˈskɛdʒəl]

vt.

排定, 安排

n.

时间表, 日程安排表

清单, 明细表

scheduled

[D.J.:ˈskedʒu:ld, -u:əld, ˈskedʒəld]

[K.K.:ˈskɛdʒuld, -uəld, ˈskɛdʒəld]

adj.

规定价格的; 预定的, 排定的, 严格按时间表生活的

scheduling

[ˈʃedju:liŋ]

n.

行程安排,时序安排

schedule ****

1. schedule schedules
A schedule is a plan that gives a list of events or tasks and the times at which each one should happen or be done.

- He has been forced to adjust his schedule.

- We both have such hectic schedules.

N-COUNT
= timetable

2. schedule
You can use schedule to refer to the time or way something is planned to be done. For example, if something is completed on schedule , it is completed at the time planned.

- The jet arrived in Johannesburg two minutes ahead of schedule.

- Everything went according to schedule.

- It will be completed several weeks behind schedule.

N-UNCOUNT: prep N

3. schedule schedules scheduling scheduled
If something is scheduled to happen at a particular time, arrangements are made for it to happen at that time.

- The space shuttle had been scheduled to blast off at 04:38.

- A presidential election was scheduled for last December.

- No new talks are scheduled.

VB: usu passive

4. schedule schedules
A schedule is a written list of things, for example a list of prices, details, or conditions.
N-COUNT
= list

5. schedule schedules
A schedule is a list of all the times when trains, boats, buses, or aircraft are supposed to arrive at or leave a particular place. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use timetable )

- ...a bus schedule.

N-COUNT
= timetable

6. schedule schedules
In a school or college, a schedule is a diagram that shows the times in the week at which particular subjects are taught. (AM; in BRIT usually use timetable )
N-COUNT
= timetable

schedule

noun

1.

plan

agenda

calendar

catalogue

inventory

list

programme

timetable

verb

2.

plan

appoint

arrange

book

organize

programme

schema

[D.J.:ˈski:mə]

[K.K.:ˈskimə]

n.

概要, 计划, 图表

schema

schema schemas or schemata
A schema is an outline of a plan or theory. (FORMAL)

- ...a definite position in the schema of the economic process.

N-COUNT
= outline

schematic

[D.J.:ski:ˈmætɪk, skɪ-]

[K.K.:skiˈmætɪk, skɪ-]

adj.

纲要的,图表的;示意的, 概略的

n.

图表,(尤指)电路原理图

schematic

1. schematic
A schematic diagram or picture shows something in a simple way.

- This is represented in the schematic diagram below.

- ...a schematic picture of the solar system.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. schematically

- Let me schematically show what happens.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

scheme

[D.J.:ski:m]

[K.K.:skim]

vt. & vi.

策划; 图谋

n.

阴谋, 诡计

计划, 方案

scheming

[D.J.:ˈski:miŋ]

adj.

惯搞阴谋的;诡计多端的;狡诈的

n.

阴谋;诡计

scheme ****

1. scheme schemes
A scheme is a plan or arrangement involving many people which is made by a government or other organization. (mainly BRIT; in AM use program )

- ...schemes to help combat unemployment.

- ...a private pension scheme...

- The company was pouring around $30 million into the scheme.

N-COUNT: oft N to-inf, n N
= plan

2. scheme schemes
A scheme is someone's plan for achieving something.

- ...a quick money-making scheme to get us through the summer...

- They would first have to work out some scheme for getting the treasure out.

- Tourists can be vulnerable to scams and con schemes of all kinds.

N-COUNT: oft N to-inf, N for -ing
= plan

3. scheme schemes scheming schemed
If you say that people are scheming , you mean that they are making secret plans in order to gain something for themselves.

- Everyone's always scheming and plotting.

- The bride's family were scheming to prevent a wedding.

- They claimed that their opponents were scheming against them.

- You're a scheming little devil, aren't you?

VB: oft cont disapproval
= plot

4. scheming

- ...their favourite pastimes of scheming and gossiping.

N-UNCOUNT

5. scheme
Someone's scheme of things is the way in which they think that things in their life should be organized.

- He did not quite know how to place women in his scheme of things.

PHR: poss PHR

6. scheme
When people talk about the scheme of things or the grand scheme of things , they are referring to the way that everything in the world seems to be organized.

- We realize that we are infinitely small within the scheme of things.

PHR

scheme

noun

1.

plan

programme

project

proposal

strategy

system

tactics

2.

diagram

blueprint

chart

draft

layout

outline

pattern

3.

plot

conspiracy

intrigue

manoeuvre

ploy

ruse

stratagem

subterfuge

verb

4.

plan

lay plans

project

work out

5.

plot

collude

conspire

intrigue

machinate

manoeuvre

scheming

adjective

calculating

artful

conniving

cunning

sly

tricky

underhand

wily

schemer

n.

计划者,阴谋家,谋士

schemer

schemer schemers
If you refer to someone as a schemer , you mean that they make secret plans in order to get some benefit for themselves.

- This is not to say we all want to turn into office schemers, thinking of nothing but our own advancement.

N-COUNT disapproval
= plotter

scherzo

[D.J.:ˈskɛətsəu]

[K.K.:ˈskɛrtso]

n.

〈意〉谐谑曲

scherzo

scherzo scherzos
A scherzo is a short, lively piece of classical music which is usually part of a longer piece of music.
N-COUNT

schism

[D.J.:ˈsɪzəm, ˈskɪz-]

[K.K.:ˈsɪzəm, ˈskɪz-]

n.

教会分立,分裂

schism

schism schisms
When there is a schism , a group or organization divides into two groups as a result of differences in thinking and beliefs. (FORMAL)

- ...the great schism which divided the Christian world in the 11th century...

- The church seems to be on the brink of schism.

N-VAR
= split

schism

noun

division

breach

break

rift

rupture

separation

split

schizoid

[D.J.:ˈskizɔid]

[K.K.:ˈskɪtˌsɔɪd]

adj.

精神分裂症的

n.

精神分裂症患者

schizoid

1. schizoid
If you describe someone as schizoid , you mean that they seem to have very different opinions and purposes at different times.

- ...a rather schizoid fellow.

ADJ-GRADED

2. schizoid
Someone who is schizoid suffers from schizophrenia.

- ...a schizoid personality.

ADJ

schizophrenia

[D.J.:ˌskɪtsəˈfri:ni:ə, -ˈfreni:ə]

[K.K.:ˌskɪtsəˈfriniə, -ˈfrɛniə]

n.

<医>精神分裂症

schizophrenia *

schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness. People who suffer from it are unable to relate their thoughts and feelings to what is happening around them and often withdraw from society.
N-UNCOUNT

schizophrenic

[D.J.:ˌskidzəuˈfrenik]

[K.K.:ˌskɪtsəˈfrɛnɪk]

adj.

精神分裂症的

schizophrenic *

1. schizophrenic schizophrenics
A schizophrenic is a person who is suffering from schizophrenia.

- He was diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic.

N-COUNT

2. schizophrenic
Also an adjective.

- ...a schizophrenic patient.

- ...schizophrenic tendencies.

ADJ

3. schizophrenic
Someone's attitude or behaviour can be described as schizophrenic when they seem to have very different opinions or purposes at different times.

- ...the schizophrenic mood of the American public.

ADJ-GRADED

schlep

[D.J.:ʃlep]

[K.K.:ʃlɛp]

v.

携带,搬运

n.

笨蛋

schlep

1. schlep schleps schlepping schlepped
If you schlep something somewhere, you take it there although this is difficult or inconvenient. (AM, INFORMAL)

- You didn't just schlep your guitar around from folk club to folk club.

VB also schlepp .
= lug

2. schlep schleps schlepping schlepped
If you schlep somewhere, you go there. (AM, INFORMAL)

- It's too cold to schlepp around looking at property.

VB also schlepp .
= trudge

3. schlep
If you describe someone as a schlep , you mean that they are stupid or clumsy. (AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT also schlepp . disapproval

schlock

[D.J.:ʃlɔk]

[K.K.:ʃlɑk]

n.

次品,伪劣品,伪劣货

schlock

schlock
If you refer to films, pop songs, or books as schlock , you mean that they have no artistic or social value. (INFORMAL)

- ...a showman with a good eye for marketable schlock.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

schmaltz

[D.J.:ʃmɑ:lts]

[K.K.:ʃmɑlts]

n.

极端流于感伤的音乐,伤感主义

schmaltz

schmaltz
If you describe a play, film, or book as schmaltz , you do not like it because it is too sentimental.
N-UNCOUNT disapproval
= slush

schmaltzy

schmaltzy
If you describe songs, films, or books as schmaltzy , you do not like them because they are too sentimental.
ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= slushy

schmooze

[D.J.:ʃmu:z]

[K.K.:ʃmuz]

n.,vi.

闲谈

schmooze

schmooze schmoozes schmoozing schmoozed
If you schmooze , you talk casually and socially with someone. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- ...those coffee houses where you can schmooze for hours.

VB
= chat

schnapps

[D.J.:ʃnæps]

[K.K.:ʃnɑps, ʃnæps]

n.

荷兰产杜松子酒,任何烈酒

schnapps

1. schnapps
Schnapps is a strong alcoholic drink made from potatoes.
N-UNCOUNT

2. schnapps
A schnapps is a glass of schnapps.
N-SING

scholar

[D.J.:ˈskɔlə]

[K.K.:ˈskɑlɚ]

n.

奖学金获得者

学者

scholar **

1. scholar scholars
A scholar is a person who studies an academic subject and knows a lot about it. (FORMAL)

- The library attracts thousands of scholars and researchers.

- ...an influential Islamic scholar.

N-COUNT

2. scholar scholars
You can use the word scholar to refer to someone who learns things at school in a particular way. For example, if someone is a good scholar , they are good at learning things. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- She could be a good scholar if she didn't let her mind wander so much.

N-COUNT: usu adj N
= student

3. scholar scholars
A scholar is a student who has obtained a scholarship.

- He came to Oxford as a Rhodes scholar and studied law.

N-COUNT: usu n N

scholar

noun

1.

intellectual

academic

savant

2.

student

disciple

learner

pupil

schoolboy or schoolgirl

scholarly

[D.J.:ˈskɔləli:]

[K.K.:ˈskɑləli]

adj.

学术性的;学问精深的

学者的;有学者风度的

scholarly *

1. scholarly
A scholarly person spends a lot of time studying and knows a lot about academic subjects.

- He was an intellectual, scholarly man.

ADJ-GRADED

2. scholarly
A scholarly book or article contains a lot of academic information and is intended for academic readers.

- ...the more scholarly academic journals.

ADJ-GRADED

3. scholarly
Scholarly matters and activities involve people who do academic research.

- This has been the subject of intense scholarly debate.

- Faculty members devote most of their time to scholarly research.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

scholarly

adjective

learned

academic

bookish

erudite

intellectual

lettered

scholastic

scholarship

[D.J.:ˈskɔləʃip]

[K.K.:ˈskɑlɚˌʃɪp]

n.

学问, 学识

奖学金

scholarship **

1. scholarship scholarships
If you get a scholarship to a school or university, your studies are paid for by the school or university or by some other organization.

- He got a scholarship to the Pratt Institute of Art.

- ...scholarships for women over 30.

N-COUNT

2. scholarship
Scholarship is serious academic study and the knowledge that is obtained from it.

- I want to take advantage of your lifetime of scholarship.

N-UNCOUNT

scholarship

noun

1.

learning

book-learning

education

erudition

knowledge

2.

bursary

fellowship

scholastic

[D.J.:skəˈlæstɪk]

[K.K.:skəˈlæstɪk]

adj.

学校的,教育上的

学术上的

scholastic

scholastic
Your scholastic achievement or ability is your academic achievement or ability while you are at school. (FORMAL)

- ...the values which encouraged her scholastic achievement.

ADJ: ADJ n
= academic

scholastic

adjective

learned

academic

lettered

scholarly

school

[D.J.:sku:l]

[K.K.:skul]

n.

学校

上学; 学业; 上课(时间)

(大学里的)学院

学派, 流派

vt.

训练; 磨炼

控制某人[动物]

schooled

[D.J.:sku:ld]

[K.K.:skuld]

adj.

受过教育的;受过训练的

schooling

[D.J.:ˈsku:lɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈskulɪŋ]

n.

教育,学校教育

school *****

1. school schools
A school is a place where children are educated. You usually refer to this place as school when you are talking about the time that children spend there and the activities that they do there.

- ...a boy who was in my class at school...

- Even the good students say homework is what they most dislike about school.

- I took the kids for a picnic in the park after school.

- ...a school built in the Sixties...

- He favors extending the school day and school year.

- ...two boys wearing school uniform.

N-VAR: usu prep N

2. school schools
A school is the pupils or staff at a school.

- Deirdre, the whole school's going to hate you.

- ...a children's writing competition open to schools or individuals.

N-COUNT-COLL

3. school schools
A privately-run place where a particular skill or subject is taught can be referred to as a school .

- ...a riding school and equestrian centre near Chepstow.

- ...the Kingsley School of English.

N-COUNT: with supp, oft in names

4. school schools
A university, college, or university department specializing in a particular type of subject can be referred to as a school .

- ...a lecturer in the school of veterinary medicine at the University of Pennsylvania...

- Stella, 21, is at art school training to be a fashion designer.

N-VAR: with supp, oft in names

5. school
School is used to refer to university or college. (AM)

- Moving rapidly through school, he graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Kentucky at age 18.

N-UNCOUNT

6. school schools
A particular school of writers, artists, or thinkers is a group of them whose work, opinions, or theories are similar.

- ...the Chicago school of economists...

- O'Keeffe was influenced by various painters and photographers, but she was never a member of any school.

N-COUNT-COLL: usu with supp

7. school schools
A school of fish or dolphins is a large group of them moving through water together.
N-COUNT-COLL: N of n

8. school schools schooling schooled
If you school someone in something, you train or educate them to have a certain skill, type of behaviour, or way of thinking. (WRITTEN)

- Many mothers schooled their daughters in the myth of female inferiority.

- He is schooled to spot trouble.

VB
= train

9. school schools schooling schooled
To school a child means to educate him or her. (AM; ALSO BRIT, FORMAL)

- She's been schooling her kids herself.

VB
= educate

10. schooled

- ...a cross-cultural study with Indian children, both schooled and unschooled, and American children.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ unschooled

11. school schools schooling schooled
If you school a horse, you train it so that it can be ridden in races or competitions.

- She bought him as a £1,000 colt of six months and schooled him.

VB
= train

12. school
If you approve of someone because they have good qualities that used to be more common in the past, you can describe them as one of the old school .

- He is one of the old school who still believes in honour in public life.

- ...an elderly gentleman of the old school.

PHR: usu n PHR approval
school of thought : see thought .

schooled

schooled
If you are schooled in something, you have learned about it as the result of training or experience. (WRITTEN)

- They were both well schooled in the ways of the Army.

- She is a professional economist and therefore schooled in the arguments against that sort of state intervention.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ in n, oft adv ADJ
= trained

See also school .

schooling *

schooling
Schooling is education that children receive at school.

- His formal schooling continued erratically until he reached the age of eleven.

- ...a voucher scheme to help poorer families pay for private schooling.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with poss
= education

school

noun

1.

academy

college

faculty

institute

institution

seminary

2.

group

adherents

circle

denomination

devotees

disciples

faction

followers

set

verb

3.

train

coach

discipline

drill

educate

instruct

tutor

schooling

noun

1.

teaching

education

tuition

2.

training

coaching

drill

instruction

school age

n.

学龄

school-ager

n.

学龄儿童

school-ager

n.

学龄儿童

school age

1. school age
When a child reaches school age , he or she is old enough to go to school.

- Most of them have young children below school age.

N-UNCOUNT: oft prep N

2. school age
Also an adjective.

- ...families with school-age children.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

schoolbag

[D.J.:ˈsku:lˌbæg]

[K.K.:ˈskulˌbæɡ]

n.

书包

schoolbag

schoolbag schoolbags
A schoolbag is a bag that children use to carry books and other things to and from school.
N-COUNT also school bag .

school board *

school board school boards
A school board is a committee in charge of education in a particular city or area, or in a particular school, especially in the United States. (AM)

- Colonel Richard Nelson served on the school board until this year.

N-COUNT-COLL

school book

school book school books
School books are books giving information about a particular subject, which children use at school.
N-COUNT: usu pl also schoolbook .

schoolboy

[D.J.:ˈsku:lˌbɔɪ]

[K.K.:ˈskulˌbɔɪ]

n.

(中小学的)男生

schoolboy *

1. schoolboy schoolboys
A schoolboy is a boy who goes to school.

- ...a group of ten-year-old schoolboys.

N-COUNT

2. schoolboy
If you think a man's sense of humour is silly or rude, you can describe it as schoolboy humour.

- ...tiresome schoolboy jokes.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

school bus

school bus school buses
A school bus is a special bus which takes children to and from school.
N-COUNT

schoolchild

[D.J.:ˈsku:lˌtʃaɪld]

[K.K.:ˈskulˌtʃaɪld]

n.

学童, 学生

schoolchild *

schoolchild schoolchildren
Schoolchildren are children who go to school.

- Last year I had an audience of schoolchildren and they laughed at everything.

N-COUNT: usu pl

schooldays

[D.J.:ˈsku:ldeɪz]

n.

学生时代

schooldays

schooldays
Your schooldays are the period of your life when you were at school.

- He was happily married to a girl he had known since his schooldays.

N-PLURAL: usu poss N also school days .

school dinner

school dinner school dinners
School dinners are midday meals provided for children at a school. (BRIT; in AM use school lunch )

- Overcooked greens are my most vivid recollection of school dinners.

N-VAR

school friend

school friend school friends
A school friend is a friend of yours who is at the same school as you, or who used to be at the same school when you were children.

- His school friends and his teachers visited him and he got loads of presents and cards.

- I spent the evening with an old schoolfriend.

N-COUNT: oft with poss also schoolfriend .
= schoolmate

schoolgirl

[D.J.:ˈsku:lˌgɜ:l]

[K.K.:ˈskulˌɡə..l]

n.

(中小学的)女生

schoolgirl *

schoolgirl schoolgirls
A schoolgirl is a girl who goes to school.

- ...half a dozen giggling schoolgirls.

N-COUNT

schoolhouse

[D.J.:ˈsku:lˌhaʊs]

[K.K.:ˈskulˌhaʊs]

n.

(尤指乡村学校的)校舍

schoolhouse

schoolhouse schoolhouses
A schoolhouse is a small building used as a school. (AM)

- McCreary lives in a converted schoolhouse outside Charlottesville.

N-COUNT

school kid

school kid school kids
School kids are schoolchildren . (INFORMAL)

- ...young school kids in short pants.

N-COUNT: usu pl also schoolkid .

school leaver *

school leaver school leavers
School leavers are young people who have just left school, because they have completed their time there. (BRIT; in AM use high school graduate )

- ...the lack of job opportunities, particularly for school-leavers.

N-COUNT: usu pl also school-leaver .

school lunch

school lunch; school lunches
School lunches are midday meals provided for children at a school.
N-VAR
= school dinner

schoolmaster

[D.J.:ˈsku:lˌmæstə]

[K.K.:ˈskulˌmæstɚ]

n.

公办学校的教师

<旧>(中、小学的)男校长

schoolmaster *

schoolmaster schoolmasters
A schoolmaster is a man who teaches children in a school. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

schoolmate

[D.J.:ˈsku:lˌmeɪt]

[K.K.:ˈskulˌmet]

n.

同学,校友

schoolmate

schoolmate schoolmates
A schoolmate is a child who goes to the same school as you, especially one who is your friend.

- He started the magazine with an unemployed former schoolmate.

- He was a favorite with his schoolmasters but not his schoolmates.

N-COUNT: oft with poss
= schoolfriend

schoolmistress

[D.J.:ˈsku:lˌmɪstrɪs]

[K.K.:ˈskulˌmɪstrɪs]

n.

女教师

schoolmistress

schoolmistress schoolmistresses
A schoolmistress is a woman who teaches children in a school. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

schoolroom

[D.J.:ˈsku:lˌru:m, -ˌrʊm]

[K.K.:ˈskulˌrum, -ˌrʊm]

n.

教室

(小村庄里只有一间教室的)学堂

schoolroom

schoolroom schoolrooms
A schoolroom is a classroom, especially the only classroom in a small school.
N-COUNT
= classroom

schoolteacher

[D.J.:ˈsku:lˌti:tʃə]

[K.K.:ˈskulˌtitʃɚ]

n.

(中、小学的)教师

schoolteacher *

schoolteacher schoolteachers
A schoolteacher is a teacher in a school.
N-COUNT

school teaching

school teaching
School teaching is the work done by teachers in a school. (FORMAL)

- He returned to school teaching.

N-UNCOUNT
= teaching

schoolwork

[D.J.:ˈsku:lˌwɜ:k]

[K.K.:ˈskulˌwə..k]

n.

学校作业,课堂作业,课外作业

schoolwork

schoolwork
Schoolwork is the work that a child does at school or is given at school to do at home.

- My mother would help me with my schoolwork.

N-UNCOUNT

schoolyard

[D.J.:ˈsku:ljɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈskulˌjɑrd]

n.

校园,运动场

schoolyard

schoolyard schoolyards
The schoolyard is the large open area with a hard surface just outside a school building, where the schoolchildren can play and do other activities.

- ...the sound of the kids in the schoolyard.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing also school yard .
= playground

schooner

[D.J.:ˈsku:nə]

[K.K.:ˈskunɚ]

n.

(有两个以上桅杆的)纵帆船

schooner

1. schooner schooners
A schooner is a medium-sized sailing ship.
N-COUNT

2. schooner schooners
A schooner is a large glass used for drinking sherry. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

3. schooner schooners
A schooner is a tall glass for beer. (AM)
N-COUNT

schtick

[D.J.:ʃtik]

[K.K.:ʃtɪk]

n.

滑稽场面,特色

schtick

schtick schticks
An entertainer's schtick is a series of funny or entertaining things that they say or do. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)
N-VAR also spelled shtick

schwa

[D.J.:ʃwɑ:]

[K.K.:ʃwɑ]

n.

中性元音的名称

schwa

schwa schwas
In the study of language, schwa is the name of the neutral vowel sound represented by the symbol ə in this dictionary.
N-VAR

sciatica

[saiˈætikə]

n.

坐骨神经痛

sciatica

sciatica
Sciatica is a severe pain in the nerve in your legs or the lower part of your back. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

science

[D.J.:ˈsaiəns]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪəns]

n.

科学, 科学研究

学科

science ****

1. science
Science is the study of the nature and behaviour of natural things and the knowledge that we obtain about them.

- The best discoveries in science are very simple.

- ...science and technology.

N-UNCOUNT

2. science sciences
A science is a particular branch of science such as physics, chemistry, or biology.

- Physics is the best example of a science which has developed strong, abstract theories.

- ...the science of microbiology.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. science sciences
A science is the study of some aspect of human behaviour, for example sociology or anthropology.

- ...the modern science of psychology.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

science

noun

1.

discipline

body of knowledge

branch of knowledge

2.

skill

art

technique

science fiction *

science fiction
Science fiction consists of stories in books, magazines, and films about events that take place in the future or in other parts of the universe.
N-UNCOUNT
= sci-fi

science park

science park science parks
A science park is an area, usually linked to a university, where there are a lot of private companies, especially ones concerned with high technology. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

scientific

[D.J.:ˌsaiənˈtifik]

[K.K.:ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk]

adj.

科学的

scientifically

[D.J.:saɪənˈtɪfɪklɪ]

[K.K.:saɪənˈtɪfɪklɪ]

adv.

合乎科学地

scientific ***

1. scientific
Scientific is used to describe things that relate to science or to a particular science.

- Scientific research is widely claimed to be the source of the high standard of living in the US.

- ...the use of animals in scientific experiments.

- ...scientific instruments.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. scientifically

- ...scientifically advanced countries.

ADV

3. scientific
If you do something in a scientific way, you do it carefully and thoroughly, using experiments or tests.

- It's not a scientific way to test their opinions.

- ...the scientific study of capitalist development.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= methodical

4. scientifically

- Efforts are being made to research it scientifically.

ADV-GRADED
= methodically

scientific

adjective

systematic

accurate

controlled

exact

mathematical

precise

scientist

[D.J.:ˈsaiəntist]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪəntɪst]

n.

科学家

scientist ****

scientist scientists
A scientist is someone who has studied science and whose job is to teach or do research in science.

- Scientists say they've already collected more data than had been expected.

N-COUNT
See also social scientist .

scientist

noun

inventor

boffin informal

technophile

sci-fi

[D.J.:ˈsaiˈfai]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪˈfaɪ]

n.

science fiction 科幻小说

sci-fi *

sci-fi
Sci-fi is science fiction . (INFORMAL)

- ...a two-and-a-half hour sci-fi film.

N-UNCOUNT

scimitar

[D.J.:ˈsimitə]

[K.K.:ˈsɪmɪtɚ, -ˌtɑr]

n.

弯刀,半月形刀

scimitar

scimitar scimitars
A scimitar is a sword with a curved blade that was used in former times in some Eastern countries.
N-COUNT

scintilla

[D.J.:sɪnˈtɪlə]

[K.K.:sɪnˈtɪlə]

n.

<正>极少;微量

scintilla

scintilla
If you say that there is not a scintilla of evidence, hope, or doubt about something, you are emphasizing that there is none at all. (LITERARY)

- He says there is `not a scintilla of evidence' to link him to any controversy.

QUANT: with brd-neg, QUANT of n-uncount emphasis
= shred

scintillating

[D.J.:ˈsɪntɪleɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsɪnt l..ˌetɪŋ]

adj.

闪烁的

scintillating

scintillating
A scintillating conversation or performance is very lively and interesting.

- You can hardly expect scintillating conversation from a kid that age.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= sparkling

scintillating

adjective

brilliant

animated

bright

dazzling

exciting

glittering

lively

sparkling

stimulating

scion

[D.J.:ˈsaɪən]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪən]

n.

接穗,幼枝

(尤指富家)子孙

scion

scion scions
A scion of a rich or famous family is one of its younger or more recent members. (LITERARY)

- Nabokov was the scion of an aristocratic family that lost its fortune in the Revolution.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

scissors

[ˈsizəz]

n.

剪刀

scissors *

scissors
Scissors are a small cutting tool with two sharp blades that are screwed together. You use scissors for cutting things such as paper and cloth.

- He told me to get some scissors.

- She picked up a pair of scissors from the windowsill.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N The form scissor is used as a modifier

sclerosis

[D.J.:skləˈrəʊsɪs]

[K.K.:skləˈrosɪs]

n.

<医>硬化症

sclerosis *

sclerosis
Sclerosis is a medical condition in which a part inside your body becomes hard. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT
See also multiple sclerosis .

scoff

[D.J.:skɔf]

[K.K.:skɑf, skɔf]

n.

嘲笑; 嘲弄的话

笑柄; 笑料

vi.

嘲笑; 嘲弄

scoff *

1. scoff scoffs scoffing scoffed
If you scoff at something, you speak about it in a way that shows you think it is ridiculous or inadequate.

- At first I scoffed at the notion.

- You may scoff but I honestly feel I'm being cruel only to be kind.

- `You'll have to do better than that,' Joanna scoffed.

VB
= mock

2. scoff scoffs scoffing scoffed
If you scoff food, you eat it quickly and greedily. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- The pancakes were so good that I scoffed the lot.

VB
= wolf gobble

scoff

verb

scorn

belittle

deride

despise

jeer

knock informal

laugh at

mock

pooh-pooh

ridicule

sneer

scoff

verb

gobble (up)

bolt

devour

gorge oneself on

gulp down

guzzle

wolf

scold

[D.J.:skəuld]

[K.K.:skold]

vt. & vi.

责骂, 斥责

scolding

[D.J.:ˈskəʊldɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈskoldɪŋ]

n.

责骂;斥责

adj.

责骂的

scold *

scold scolds scolding scolded
If you scold someone, you speak angrily to them because they have done something wrong. (FORMAL)

- If he finds out, he'll scold me.

- Later she scolded her daughter for having talked to her father like that.

- `You should be at school,' he scolded.

VB
= reprimand tell off

scold

verb

1.

reprimand

berate

castigate

censure

find fault with

give (someone) a dressing-down

lecture

rebuke

reproach

reprove

tell off informal

tick off informal

upbraid

noun

2.

nag

shrew

termagant rare

scolding

noun

rebuke

dressing-down informal

lecture

row

telling-off informal

ticking-off informal

sconce

[D.J.:skɔns]

[K.K.:skɑns]

n.

壁突式烛台,〈古〉头,头盖

vt.

筑保垒防卫

sconce

sconce sconces
A sconce is a decorated object that holds candles or an electric light, and that is attached to the wall of a room.
N-COUNT

scone

[D.J.:skɔn]

[K.K.:skon, skɑn]

n.

烤饼; 烤小圆面包

scone *

scone scones
A scone is a small cake made from flour and fat, usually eaten with butter. (mainly BRIT)

- We chatted over tea and scones.

N-COUNT

scoop

[D.J.:sku:p]

[K.K.:skup]

n.

小铲; 小勺

一勺[铲]之量

(抢先刊载、播出的)独家新闻

vt.

用铲[勺]等挖(洞等)

抢先报道

抢先获得, 胜过

scooping

[ˈsku:piŋ]

n.

捞球

scoop **

1. scoop scoops scooping scooped
If you scoop a person or thing somewhere, you put your hands or arms under or round them and quickly move them there.

- Michael knelt next to her and scooped her into his arms.

VB

2. scoop scoops scooping scooped
If you scoop something from a container, you remove it with something such as a spoon.

- ...the sound of a spoon scooping dog food out of a can.

VB

3. scoop scoops
A scoop is an object like a spoon which is used for picking up a quantity of a food such as ice cream or an ingredient such as flour.

- ...a small ice-cream scoop.

N-COUNT

4. scoop scoops
A scoop of food is the amount that a scoop will hold.

- She gave him an extra scoop of clotted cream.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

5. scoop scoops
You can use scoop to refer to an exciting news story which is reported in one newspaper or on one television programme before it appears anywhere else.

- ...one of the biggest scoops in the history of newspapers.

N-COUNT
= exclusive

6. scoop scoops scooping scooped
If a newspaper scoops other newspapers, it succeeds in printing an exciting or important story before they do.

- All the newspapers really want to do is scoop the opposition.

VB

7. scoop scoops scooping scooped
If you scoop a prize or award, you win it. (JOURNALISM)

- ...films which scooped awards around the world.

VB
= win

8. scoop
If something such as a dress has a scoop neck or a scooped neck, the neck has the shape of a wide, deep curve at the front.
ADJ: ADJ n

scoop

noun

1.

ladle

dipper

spoon

2.

exclusive

expos´e

revelation

sensation

verb

often with up 3.

lift

gather up

pick up

take up

often with out 4.

hollow

bail

dig

empty

excavate

gouge

shovel

scoop out **

scoop out scoops out; scooping out; scooped out
If you scoop out part of something, you remove it using a spoon or other tool.

- Cut a marrow in half and scoop out the seeds.

PHR-V

scoop up **

scoop up scoops up; scooping up; scooped up
If you scoop something up , you put your hands or arms under it and lift it in a quick movement.

- Use both hands to scoop up the leaves.

- He began to scoop his things up frantically.

PHR-V

scoot

[D.J.:sku:t]

[K.K.:skut]

n.

疾走,迅速跑开

v.

溜走

scoot

scoot scoots scooting scooted
If you scoot somewhere, you go there very quickly. (INFORMAL)

- Sam said, `I'm going to hide,' and scooted up the stairs.

VB
= rush

scooter

[D.J.:ˈsku:tə]

[K.K.:ˈskutɚ]

n.

<英>小型摩托车

(儿童)滑板车

scooter

1. scooter scooters
A scooter is a small light motorcycle which has a low seat.
N-COUNT

2. scooter scooters
A scooter is a type of child's bicycle which has two wheels joined by a wooden board and a handle on a long pole attached to the front wheel. The child stands on the board with one foot, and uses the other foot to move forwards.
N-COUNT

scope

[D.J.:skəup]

[K.K.:skop]

n.

余地, 机会

(处理、研究事务的)范围

scope **

1. scope
If there is scope for a particular kind of behaviour or activity, people have the opportunity to behave in this way or do that activity.

- He believed in giving his staff scope for initiative.

- Banks had increased scope to develop new financial products.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n, N to-inf

2. scope
The scope of an activity, topic, or piece of work is the whole area which it deals with or includes.

- Mr Dobson promised to widen the organisation's scope of activity.

- ...the scope of a novel.

N-SING: usu N of n
= range

scope

noun

1.

opportunity

freedom

latitude

liberty

room

space

2.

range

area

capacity

orbit

outlook

reach

span

sphere

scorch

[D.J.:skɔ:tʃ]

[K.K.:skɔrtʃ]

vt. & vi.

烧焦;烤焦

vt.

使(植物)枯萎;把…晒枯

vi.

<非正>高速行驶

n.

烧焦处;焦痕

(植物因病害而显现出来的)枯萎

scorched

焦

scorching

[D.J.:ˈskɔtʃɪŋ]

adj.

极热的

尖刻的

scorchingly

adv.

灼热地

scorch *

1. scorch scorches scorching scorched
To scorch something means to burn it slightly.

- The bomb scorched the side of the building.

VB

2. scorched

- ...scorched black earth.

ADJ-GRADED

3. scorch scorches scorching scorched
If something scorches or is scorched , it becomes marked or changes colour because it is affected by too much heat or by a chemical.

- The leaves are inclined to scorch in hot sunshine.

- If any of the spray goes onto the lawn it will scorch the grass.

V-ERG

4. scorched

- ...the lamp with its scorched plastic shade.

ADJ-GRADED

5. scorch scorches scorching scorched
If you scorch round a place, you move round it very quickly, either in a car or on foot. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- Many people dream of scorching round a racetrack.

VB
= tear

scorching *

scorching
Scorching or scorching hot weather or temperatures are very hot indeed. (INFORMAL)

- That race was run in scorching weather.

- It was a scorching hot day.

ADJ: usu ADJ n emphasis

scorch

verb

burn

parch

roast

sear

shrivel

singe

wither

scorching

adjective

burning

baking

boiling

fiery

flaming

red-hot

roasting

searing

scorched earth

scorched earth
A scorched earth policy is the deliberate burning, destruction, and removal by an army of everything that would be useful to an enemy coming into the area.

- He employed a stringent scorched-earth policy, destroying villages, burning crops and cutting down trees.

- ...an army scorched earth campaign.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

score

[D.J.:skɔ:]

[K.K.:skɔr, skor]

n.

二十

画线, 刻痕

得分, 分数

vt. & vi.

得分

获胜; 成功

vi.

记分

scored

[skɔ:d]

adj.

有伤纹的,刮伤的

scores

[D.J.:skɔ:z]

[K.K.:skɔrz]

n.

大量,众多

scoring

[ˈskɔ:riŋ]

n.

得分

score ****

1. score scores scoring scored
In a sport or game, if a player scores a goal or a point, they gain a goal or point.

- Against which country did Ian Wright score his first international goal?.

- England scored 282 in their first innings.

- Gascoigne almost scored in the opening minute.

VB

2. score scores scoring scored
If you score a particular number or amount, for example as a mark in a test, you achieve that number or amount.

- Kelly had scored an average of 147 on three separate IQ tests.

- Congress as an institution scores low in public opinion polls.

VB

3. score scores
Someone's score in a game or test is a number, for example, a number of points or runs, which shows what they have achieved or what level they have reached.

- The U.S. Open golf tournament was won by Ben Hogan, with a score of 287.

- Robin Smith made 167, the highest score by an England batsman in this form of cricket.

- There was also a strong link between children's low maths scores and parents' numeracy problems.

N-COUNT

4. score scores
The score in a game is the result of it or the current situation, as indicated by the number of goals, runs, or points obtained by the two teams or players.

- 4-1 was the final score.

- They beat the Giants by a score of 7 to 3.

- Even in Zurich he kept up with the County cricket scores.

N-COUNT

5. score scores scoring scored
If you score a success, a victory, or a hit, you are successful in what you are doing. (WRITTEN)

- His abiding passion was ocean racing, at which he scored many successes.

- In recent months, the rebels have scored some significant victories.

- Soldiers using a multiple rocket launcher scored a direct hit on the steeple of a church.

VB

6. score scores
The score of a film, play, or similar production is the music which is written or used for it.

- The dance is accompanied by an original score by Henry Torgue.

- ...the composer of classic film scores such as West Side Story.

N-COUNT

7. score scores
The score of a piece of music is the written version of it.

- He recognizes enough notation to be able to follow a score.

N-COUNT

8. score scores scoring scored
If you score a piece of music, you write it or arrange it for specific instruments or voices.

- Strauss spent much of 1941 scoring his last opera, Capriccio.

- He has mastered enough of the complexities of arrangement to write and score a piece for a chamber music ensemble.

VB

9. score
If you refer to scores of things or people, you are emphasizing that there are very many of them. (WRITTEN)

- Campaigners lit scores of bonfires in ceremonies to mark the anniversary.

QUANT: QUANT of pl-n emphasis

10. score
You can also use scores as a pronoun.

- Two people were killed and scores were injured.

PRON

11. score
A score is twenty or approximately twenty. (WRITTEN)

- It's thought a score of countries may be either producing or planning to obtain chemical weapons.

- The company already has around four score titles commissioned and planned for publication.

- The Bible states that the life of man is three score and ten.

NUM: usu a /num NUM The plural form is score

12. score scores scoring scored
If you score a surface with something sharp, you cut a line or number of lines in it.

- Lightly score the surface of the steaks with a sharp cook's knife.

VB

13. score scores scoring scored
If someone scores drugs, they buy them illegally. (INFORMAL)

- Me and my mate went to score a kilo of amphetamine down in London.

VB

14. score
If things happen or exist by the score , they happen or exist in large numbers.

- The companies brought out new products by the score.

PHR: usu PHR after v

15. score
If you keep score of the number of things that are happening in a certain situation, you count them and record them.

- You can keep score of your baby's movements before birth by recording them on a kick chart.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR of n

16. score
If you know the score , you know what the real facts of a situation are and how they affect you, even though you may not like them. (SPOKEN)

- I don't feel sorry for Carl. He knew the score, he knew what he had to do and couldn't do it.

PHR: V inflects

17. score
You can use on that score or on this score to refer to something that has just been mentioned, especially an area of difficulty or concern.

- I became pregnant easily. At least I've had no problems on that score.

- If someone you know has cancer, don't let worry on this score stop you from visiting them.

PHR
= in that respect in this respect

18. score
If you score a point over someone, or score points off them, you gain an advantage over them, usually by saying something clever or making a better argument.

- The Prime Minister was trying to score a political point over his rivals.

- The politicians might be forced to touch on the real issues rather than scoring points off each other.

PHR: V and N inflect, PHR n

19. score
If you settle a score or settle an old score with someone, you take revenge on them for something they have done in the past.

- The groups had historic scores to settle with each other.

PHR: V and N inflect

score

noun

1.

points

grade

mark

outcome

record

result

total

2.

grounds

basis

cause

ground

reason

3.

grievance

grudge

injury

injustice

wrong

scores

4.

lots

hundreds

masses

millions

multitudes

myriads

swarms

verb

5.

gain

achieve

chalk up informal

make

notch up informal

win

6.

keep count

count

record

register

tally

7.

cut

deface

gouge

graze

mark

scrape

scratch

slash

with out {or} through 8.

cross out

cancel

delete

obliterate

strike out

9.

arrange

adapt

orchestrate

set

scoreboard

[D.J.:ˈskɔ:bɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈskɔrˌbɔrd, ˈskorˌbord]

n.

记分板

scoreboard

scoreboard scoreboards
A scoreboard is a large board, for example at a sports ground or stadium, which shows the score in a match or competition.

- The figures flash up on the scoreboard.

N-COUNT

scorecard

[D.J.:ˈskɔ:ˌkɑ:d, ˈskəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈskɔrˌkɑrd, ˈskor-]

n.

记分卡

scorecard

1. scorecard scorecards
A scorecard is a printed card that tells you who is taking part in a match, and on which officials, players, or people watching can record each player's score.
N-COUNT also score card .

2. scorecard scorecards
A scorecard is a system or procedure that is used for checking or testing something. (AM)

- This commission would keep environmental scorecards on UN member nations.

- ...a set of recognized standards, a sort of scorecard of security features that can be used to test any given computer system.

N-COUNT: with supp also score card .

score draw

score draw score draws
A score draw is the result of a soccer match in which both teams score at least one goal, and they score the same number of goals. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

scoreless

[D.J.:ˈskɔ:lis]

[K.K.:ˈskɔrlɪs, ˈskor-]

adj.

没得分的

scoreless

scoreless
In football, soccer, baseball, and some other sports, a scoreless game is one in which neither team has scored any goals or points. (JOURNALISM)

- Norway had held Holland to a scoreless draw in Rotterdam.

- The next six innings were scoreless.

ADJ

scoreline

[ˈskɔ:lain]

n.

(报刊上报道体育比赛结果的)分数栏

scoreline

scoreline scorelines
The scoreline of a football, soccer, rugby, or tennis match is the score or the final result of it. (BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- Victory was not as easy as the scoreline suggests.

- ...the excitingly close scoreline of 2-1.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the N
= result

scorer

[D.J.:ˈskɔ:rə]

n.

(体育比赛时的)记分员

得分或进球的运动员

scorer **

1. scorer scorers
In football, soccer, cricket, and many other sports and games, a scorer is a player who scores a goal, runs, or points.

- ...David Hirst, the scorer of 11 goals this season.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

2. scorer scorers
A scorer is an official who writes down the score of a game or competition as it is being played.
N-COUNT

3. scorer scorers
You can refer to someone as a scorer when you are talking about what mark they achieved in a test.

- ...the top 2 per cent of scorers in IQ tests.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

scoresheet

[ˈskɔ:ʃi:t]

n.

记分单

scoresheet

scoresheet
In football, soccer, rugby, and some other sports, if a player gets on the scoresheet , he or she scores one or more goals, tries, or points. (BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- Although Stewart did not get on the scoresheet, he was directly involved in both goals.

PHR: V inflects also score sheet .

scorn

[D.J.:skɔ:n]

[K.K.:skɔrn]

n.

鄙视; 轻蔑

受某人鄙视的人或事物

vt.

轻视, 蔑视

不屑做

scorn *

1. scorn
If you treat someone or something with scorn , you show contempt for them.

- Researchers greeted the proposal with scorn.

- Franklin shared the family's scorn for his wife's new friends.

- He became the object of ridicule and scorn.

N-UNCOUNT: oft with N, N for n
= contempt disrespect

2. scorn scorns scorning scorned
If you scorn someone or something, you feel or show contempt for them.

- Several leading officers have quite openly scorned the peace talks.

- People scorn me as a single parent.

VB

3. scorn scorns scorning scorned
If you scorn something, you refuse to have it or accept it because you think it is not good enough or suitable for you.

- ...people who scorned traditional methods.

VB
= reject

4. scorn
If you pour scorn on someone or something or heap scorn on them, you say that you think they are stupid and worthless.

- It is fashionable these days to pour scorn on those in public life.

- He used to heap scorn on Dr Vazquez's socialist ideas.

PHR: V inflects
= deride

scorn

noun Music

1.

contempt

derision

disdain

disparagement

mockery

sarcasm

verb

2.

despise

be above

deride

disdain

flout

reject

scoff at

slight

spurn

scornful

[D.J.:ˈskɔ:nfʊl]

adj.

鄙视的;轻蔑的

scornfully

adv.

鄙视地;轻蔑地

scornfulness

n.

鄙视

scornfully

[D.J.:ˈsk ɔ:nfəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈsk ɔrnfəlɪ]

adv.

轻蔑地;藐视地

scornfulness

n.

轻蔑

scornful *

1. scornful
If you are scornful of someone or something, you show contempt for them.

- He is deeply scornful of politicians.

- ...a scornful simile.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of n
= contemptuous

2. scornfully

- `I didn't think so,' the judge said scornfully.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v
= contemptuously

scornful

adjective

contemptuous

derisive

disdainful

haughty

jeering

mocking

sarcastic

sardonic

scathing

scoffing

sneering

Scorpio

n.

-os 〈天〉天蝎座；天蝎宫

Scorpio **

1. Scorpio
Scorpio is one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. Its symbol is a scorpion. People who are born approximately between the 23rd of October and the 21st of November come under this sign.
N-UNCOUNT

2. Scorpio Scorpios
A Scorpio is a person whose sign of the zodiac is Scorpio.
N-COUNT

scorpion

[D.J.:ˈskɔ:pi:ən]

[K.K.:ˈskɔrpiən]

n.

蝎子

scorpion

scorpion scorpions
A scorpion is a small creature which looks like a large insect. Scorpions have a long curved tail, and some of them are poisonous.
N-COUNT

Scot

[D.J.:skɔt]

[K.K.:skɑt]

n.

苏格兰人

Scots

[D.J.:skɔts]

[K.K.:skɑts]

adj.

苏格兰的

n.

苏格兰人；苏格兰语

Scot **

1. Scot Scots
A Scot is a person of Scottish origin.
N-COUNT

2. Scot
Scots is a dialect of the English language that is spoken in Scotland.

- There are things you can express in Scots that you can't say in English.

N-UNCOUNT

3. Scot
Scots means the same as Scottish .

- ...his guttural Scots accent.

- ...the Scots Tories.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

scotch

[D.J.:skɔtʃ]

[K.K.:skɑtʃ]

vt.

弄伤

制止(车轮)转动

镇压;扑灭

n.

伤口;刻痕

阻止车轮滑动的木块

adj.

<口>吝啬的

scotching

[ˈskɔtʃiŋ]

n.

琢石;擦伤

scotch *

scotch scotches scotching scotched
If you scotch a rumour, plan, or idea, you put an end to it before it can develop any further.

- They have scotched rumours that they are planning a special London show.

- ...but local residents are trying to scotch plans to add an extra terminal.

VB

Scotch

[D.J.:skɔtʃ]

[K.K.:skɑtʃ]

n.

苏格兰人

苏格兰威士忌

adj.

苏格兰(人)的

Scotch *

1. Scotch Scotches
Scotch or Scotch whisky is whisky made in Scotland.

- ...a bottle of Scotch.

N-MASS
= whisky

2. Scotch Scotches
A Scotch is a glass of Scotch.

- He poured himself a Scotch.

N-COUNT

3. Scotch
Scotch means the same as Scottish . This use is considered incorrect by many people.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

Scotch egg

Scotch egg Scotch eggs
A Scotch egg is a hard boiled egg that is covered with sausage meat and breadcrumbs, then fried. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

Scotch-Irish

1. Scotch-Irish.
If someone, especially an American, is Scotch-Irish , they are descended from both Scottish and Irish people, especially from Scottish people who had settled in Northern Ireland. (mainly AM)

- He was from an ordinary Scotch-Irish family.

ADJ

2. Scotch-Irish.
Also a noun.

- ...Virginia's Great Valley, where the Scotch-Irish had settled in the eighteenth century.

N-PLURAL: usu the N

Scotch tape

Scotch tape
Scotch tape is a clear sticky tape that is sold in rolls and that you use to stick paper or card together or onto a wall. (TRADEMARK)
N-UNCOUNT

scot-free

[D.J.:ˈskɔtfri:]

[K.K.:ˈskɑtˈfri]

adj.

不受处罚的,无伤的,平安的,无义务的

scot-free

scot-free
If you say that someone got away scot-free , you are emphasizing that they escaped punishment for something that you believe they should have been punished for.

- Others who were guilty were being allowed to get off scot-free.

ADV: ADV after v emphasis

Scotsman

[D.J.:ˈskɔtsmən]

[K.K.:ˈskɑtsmən]

n.

苏格兰人

Scotsman *

Scotsman Scotsmen
A Scotsman is a man of Scottish origin.
N-COUNT

Scotswoman

[D.J.:ˈskɔtsˌwʊmən]

[K.K.:ˈskɑtsˌwʊmən]

n.

苏格兰女人

Scotswoman *

Scotswoman Scotswomen
A Scotswoman is a woman of Scottish origin.
N-COUNT

Scottish

[D.J.:ˈskɔtɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈskɑtɪʃ]

adj.

苏格兰的;苏格兰式的

Scottish ****

Scottish
Something that is Scottish belongs or relates to Scotland, its people, or its language.

- ...Scottish football.

- ...the Scottish Highlands.

ADJ

scoundrel

[D.J.:ˈskaʊndrəl]

[K.K.:ˈskaʊndrəl]

n.

恶棍, 坏蛋

scoundrel

scoundrel scoundrels
If you refer to a man as a scoundrel , you mean that he behaves very badly towards other people, especially by cheating them or deceiving them. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- He is a lying scoundrel!

N-COUNT disapproval

scoundrel

noun

rogue

bastard offensive

blackguard

good-for-nothing

heel slang

miscreant

ne'er-do-well

rascal

reprobate

rotter slang chiefly Brit.

scally Northwest English dialect

scamp

swine

villain

scour

[D.J.:ˈskauə]

[K.K.:skaʊr]

vt.

走遍(某地)搜寻(人或物)

(用力)刷; 擦净; 擦亮

(水、溪流等)(把…)冲刷成…

n.

刷, 擦

scouring

[D.J.:ˈskauriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈskaʊrɪŋ]

n.

擦[洗]净,冲刷,洗涤

scours

新生动物泄泻症

scour *

1. scour scours scouring scoured
If you scour something such as a place or a book, you make a thorough search of it to try to find what you are looking for.

- Rescue crews had scoured an area of 30 square miles.

- We scoured the telephone directory for clues.

VB
= search

2. scour scours scouring scoured
If you scour something such as a sink, floor, or pan, you clean its surface by rubbing it hard with something rough.

- He decided to scour the sink.

VB
= scrub

scour

verb

rub

abrade

buff

clean

polish

scrub

wash

scour

verb

search

beat

comb

hunt

ransack

scourge

[D.J.:skɜ:dʒ]

[K.K.:skə..dʒ]

n.

带来灾难的人或东西,祸害

鞭子

vt.

鞭打

惩罚,压迫

scourge *

1. scourge scourges
A scourge is something that causes a lot of trouble or suffering to a group of people.

- ...the best chance in 20 years to end the scourge of terrorism...

- Drugs are a scourge that is devastating our society.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. scourge scourges scourging scourged
If something scourges a place or group of people, it causes great pain and suffering to people.

- Economic anarchy scourged the post-war world.

VB

scourge

noun

1.

affliction

bane

curse

infliction

misfortune

pest

plague

terror

torment

2.

whip

cat

lash

strap

switch

thong

verb

3.

afflict

curse

plague

terrorize

torment

4.

whip

beat

cane

flog

horsewhip

lash

thrash

scout

[D.J.:skaut]

[K.K.:skaʊt]

n.

侦察员[机, 舰]

童子军

搜索, 侦察

vt. & vi.

寻找; 侦察

scouting

[D.J.:ˈskautiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈskaʊtɪŋ]

n.

守候活动,童子军的活动

scout *

1. scout scouts
A scout is someone who is sent to an area of countryside to find out the position of an enemy army.

- They set off, two men out in front as scouts, two behind in case of any attack from the rear.

N-COUNT

2. scout scouts
A scout is the same as a talent scout .
N-COUNT

3. scout scouts scouting scouted
If you scout somewhere for something, you go through that area searching for it.

- I wouldn't have time to scout the area for junk.

- A team of four was sent to scout for a nuclear test site.

- I have people scouting the hills already.

VB
= search

scout

noun

1.

vanguard

advance guard

lookout

outrider

precursor

reconnoitrer

verb

2.

reconnoitre

investigate

observe

probe

recce slang

spy

survey

watch

scout around *

scout around scouts around; scouting around; scouted around
If you scout around or scout round for something, you go to different places looking for it.

- They scouted around for more fuel.

- I scouted round in the bushes.

PHR-V (BRIT) also scout round
= look around

scout out *

scout out scouts out; scouting out; scouted out
If you scout something out , you succeed in finding it after you have been through an area searching for it.

- Their mission is simply to scout out places where helicopters can land.

PHR-V
= locate

Scout

侦察兵火箭

Scout *

1. Scout
The Scouts is an organization for children and young people which teaches them to be practical, sensible, and helpful.
N-PROPER-COLL: the N

2. Scout Scouts
A Scout is a member of the Scouts.

- ...a party of seven Scouts and three leaders on a camping trip.

- ...a Scout troop.

N-COUNT

scoutmaster

[D.J.:ˈskautmɑ:stə]

[K.K.:ˈskaʊtˌmæstɚ]

n.

童子军团长

scoutmaster

scoutmaster scoutmasters
A scoutmaster is a man who is in charge of a troop of Scouts.
N-COUNT

scowl

[D.J.:skaul]

[K.K.:skaʊl]

n.

不悦之色; 怒容

vi.

怒视; 生气地皱眉

scowl *

1. scowl scowls scowling scowled
When someone scowls , an angry or hostile expression appears on their face.

- He scowled, and slammed the door behind him.

- She scowled at the two men as they entered the room.

VB
= frown glower

2. scowl scowls
Also a noun.

- Chris met the remark with a scowl.

N-COUNT

scowl

verb

1.

glower

frown

lour or lower

noun

2.

glower

black look

dirty look

frown

scrabble

[D.J.:ˈskræbəl]

[K.K.:ˈskræbəl]

vi.

乱摸,扒寻

scrabble around (for sth )

(用手指迅速或困难地)摸索着找

scrabble at

很快地抓(或挠)

n.

抓,摸索,扒寻

<商标>一种拼字游戏

scrabble

1. scrabble scrabbles scrabbling scrabbled
If you scrabble for something, especially something that you cannot see, you move your hands or your feet about quickly and hurriedly in order to find it.

- He grabbed his jacket and scrabbled in his desk drawer for some loose change.

- I hung there, scrabbling with my feet to find a foothold.

VB

2. scrabble around; scrabbles around; scrabbling around; scrabbled around
Scrabble around or scrabble about means the same as scrabble .

- Alberg scrabbled around for pen and paper.

- Gleb scrabbled about in the hay, pulled out a book and opened it.

PHR-V

3. scrabble scrabbles scrabbling scrabbled
If you say that someone is scrabbling to do something, you mean that they are having difficulty because they are in too much of a hurry, or because the task is almost impossible.

- The banks are now desperately scrabbling to recover their costs.

- The opportunity had gone. His mind scrabbled for alternatives.

VB

4. scrabble around; scrabbles around; scrabbling around; scrabbled around
Scrabble around means the same as scrabble .

- You get a six-month contract, and then you have to scrabble around for the next job, which could be anywhere in Britain.

PHR-V

scrabble

verb

scrape

claw

scramble

scratch

scraggly

[D.J.:ˈskræɡli]

[K.K.:ˈskræɡli]

adj.

零乱的,锯齿状的,起伏的,凸凹不平的

scraggly

scraggly scragglier scraggliest
Scraggly hair or plants are thin and untidy. (mainly AM)

- ...a man with a scraggly mustache.

ADJ-GRADED
= straggly

scraggy

[D.J.:ˈskrægi:]

[K.K.:ˈskræɡi]

adj.

<贬>(人或动物)骨瘦如柴的;面黄肌瘦的

scraggy

scraggy scraggier scraggiest
If you describe a person or animal as scraggy , you mean that they look unattractive because they are so thin. (mainly BRIT)

- ...his scraggy neck.

- ...a flock of scraggy sheep.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= scrawny skinny

scraggy

adjective

scrawny

angular

bony

lean

skinny

scramble

[D.J.:ˈskræmbl]

[K.K.:ˈskræmbəl]

vi.

快速爬行, 匍匐前进; 攀登

争夺, 争抢

(军事飞机)紧急起飞

vt.

(用黄油)炒蛋

扰频或倒频使(电话通话等)只可由有特殊接收器的人收听

混杂; 把…搅乱

n.

爬行, 攀登

争夺, 抢夺

scrambling

不规则性

scramble **

1. scramble scrambles scrambling scrambled
If you scramble over rocks or up a hill, you move quickly over them or up it using your hands to help you.

- Tourists were scrambling over the rocks looking for the perfect camera angle.

- He scrambled up a steep bank.

VB
= clamber

2. scramble scrambles scrambling scrambled
If you scramble to a different place or position, you move there in a hurried, awkward way.

- Ann threw back the covers and scrambled out of bed.

- He scrambled to his feet.

VB

3. scramble scrambles scrambling scrambled
If a number of people scramble for something, they compete energetically with each other for it.

- More than three million fans are expected to scramble for tickets.

- Business is booming and foreigners are scrambling to invest.

VB

4. scramble scrambles
Also a noun.

- ...the scramble for jobs.

- ...a scramble to get a seat on the early morning flight.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N for n, N to-inf

5. scramble scrambles scrambling scrambled
If you scramble eggs, you break them, mix them together and then heat and stir the mixture in a pan.

- Make the toast and scramble the eggs.

VB

6. scrambled

- ...scrambled eggs and bacon.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

7. scramble
If a device scrambles a radio or telephone message, it interferes with the sound so that the message can only be understood by someone with special equipment.

- The latest machines scramble the messages so that the conversation cannot easily be intercepted.

VB

scramble

verb

1.

struggle

climb

crawl

scrabble

swarm

2.

strive

contend

jostle

push

run

rush

vie

noun

3.

climb

trek

4.

struggle

commotion

competition

confusion

melee or mêl´ee

race

rush

tussle

scrambler

[D.J.:ˈskræmblə]

[K.K.:ˈskræmblɚ]

n.

爬行者,扰频器

scrambler

scrambler scramblers
A scrambler is an electronic device which alters the sound of a radio or telephone message so that it can only be understood by someone who has special equipment.
N-COUNT

scrap

[D.J.:skræp]

[K.K.:skræp]

n.

小片,碎片,碎屑;少许

废料

吵架;打架

on the scrap heap

废弃的；拋弃的

vt.

废弃,丢弃

把…当作废料处理

vi.

吵架;打架

scrap-cake

n.

(作饲料用的)鱼脂渣饼

scrap-cake

n.

(作饲料用的)鱼脂渣饼

scrapping

刮;切除坯体余泥

scrap **

1. scrap scraps
A scrap of something is a very small piece or amount of it.

- A crumpled scrap of paper was found in her handbag.

- ...a fire fueled by scraps of wood...

- They need every scrap of information they can get.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

2. scrap scraps
Scraps are pieces of unwanted food which are thrown away or given to animals.

- ...the scraps from the Sunday dinner table.

N-PLURAL
= leftovers

3. scrap scraps scrapping scrapped
If you scrap something, you get rid of it or cancel it. (JOURNALISM or INFORMAL)

- President Hussein called on all countries in the Middle East to scrap nuclear or chemical weapons.

- It had been thought that passport controls would be scrapped.

VB

4. scrap
Scrap metal or paper is no longer wanted for its original purpose, but may have some other use.

- There's always tons of scrap paper in Dad's office.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. scrap
Scrap is metal from old or damaged machinery or cars.

- Thousands of tanks, artillery pieces and armored vehicles will be cut up for scrap.

N-UNCOUNT

6. scrap scraps
You can refer to a fight or a quarrel as a scrap , especially if it is not very serious. (INFORMAL)

- Billy Bonds has never been one to avoid a scrap.

N-COUNT
= fight

scrap

noun

1.

piece

bit

crumb

fragment

grain

morsel

part

particle

portion

sliver

snippet

2.

waste

junk

off cuts

scraps

3.

leftovers

bits

leavings

remains

verb

4.

discard

abandon

ditch slang

drop

jettison

throw away or out

write off

scrap

noun Informal

1.

fight

argument

battle

disagreement

dispute

quarrel

row

squabble

wrangle

verb

2.

fight

argue

row

squabble

wrangle

scrapbook

[D.J.:ˈskræpˌbʊk]

[K.K.:ˈskræpˌbʊk]

n.

(粘贴相片、剪报等的)剪贴簿

scrapbook

scrapbook scrapbooks
A scrapbook is a book with empty pages on which you can stick things such as pictures or newspaper articles in order to keep them.
N-COUNT

scrape

[D.J.:skreip]

[K.K.:skrep]

vt. & vi.

刮, 擦

vt.

擦伤

设法得到

n.

刮, 擦, 刮擦声

擦痕, 擦伤

困境, 麻烦

scraping

[D.J.:ˈskreɪpɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈskrepɪŋ]

n.

刮，擦；挖

刮擦声

adj.

刮的

吝啬的

scrape **

1. scrape scrapes scraping scraped
If you scrape something from a surface, you remove it, especially by pulling a sharp object over the surface.

- She went round the car scraping the frost off the windows.

- Young children were trying to scrape up some of the rice that spilled from the sacks.

VB

2. scrape scrapes scraping scraped
If something scrapes against something else, it rubs against it, making a noise or causing slight damage.

- The only sound is that of knives and forks scraping against china.

- The cab driver struggled with her luggage, scraping a bag against the door as they came in.

- The car hurtled past us, scraping the wall and screeching to a halt.

- There was a scraping sound as she dragged the heels of her shoes along the pavement.

V-ERG

3. scrape
Also a noun.

- From the other side of the door came the scrape of a guard's boot.

N-SING: usu N of n

4. scraping

- The house was silent but for the scraping of a branch on the slates.

N-SING: N of n

5. scrape scrapes scraping scraped
If you scrape a part of your body, you accidentally rub it against something hard and rough, and damage it slightly.

- She stumbled and fell, scraping her palms and knees.

VB
= graze

6. scrape scrapes
If you are in a scrape , you are in a difficult situation which you have caused yourself. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- We got into terrible scrapes.

N-COUNT: usu in/into N
= fix

scrape

verb

1.

graze

bark

rub

scratch

scuff

skin

2.

rub

clean

erase

remove

scour

3.

grate

grind

rasp

scratch

squeak

4.

scrimp

pinch

save

skimp

stint

scrape through

5.

get by informal

just make it

struggle

noun

6.

predicament

awkward situation

difficulty

dilemma

fix informal

mess

plight

tight spot

scrape by **

scrape by scrapes by; scraping by; scraped by
If someone scrapes by , they earn just enough money to live on with difficulty.

- We're barely scraping by on my salary.

PHR-V

scrape through **

scrape through scrapes through; scraping through; scraped through
If you scrape through an examination, you just succeed in passing it. If you scrape through a competition or a vote, you just succeed in winning it.

- Both my brothers have university degrees. I just scraped through a couple of A-levels.

- If we can get an early goal and then try and defend for the rest of the game, we might scrape through.

PHR-V

scrape together **

scrape together scrapes together; scraping together; scraped together
If you scrape together an amount of money or a number of things, you succeed in obtaining it with difficulty.

- They only just managed to scrape the money together.

- It's possible the Congress Party will scrape together a majority with the support of smaller parties.

PHR-V

scraper

[D.J.:ˈskreipə]

[K.K.:ˈskrepɚ]

n.

刮刀,刮的人,平土机,铲土机

scraper

scraper scrapers
A scraper is a tool that has a small handle and a metal or plastic blade and can be used for scraping a particular surface clean.
N-COUNT

scrapheap

[D.J.:ˈskræpˌhi:p]

[K.K.:ˈskræpˌhip]

n.

废料堆,废物堆

scrapheap

1. scrapheap
If you say that someone has been thrown on the scrapheap , you mean that they have been forced to leave their job by an uncaring employer and are unlikely to get other work.

- Thousands of miners have been thrown on the scrapheap with no jobs and no prospects.

N-SING: usu prep the N also scrap heap .

2. scrapheap
If things such as machines or weapons are thrown on the scrapheap , they are thrown away because they are no longer needed.

- Thousands of Europe's tanks and guns are going to the scrap heap.

N-SING: usu prep the N also scrap heap .

scrapheap

noun Informal

on the scrapheap

discarded

ditched slang

jettisoned

put out to grass informal

redundant

written off

scrapings

n.

被刮削下的碎屑

scrapings

scrapings
Scrapings are small amounts or pieces that have been scraped off something.

- There might be scrapings under his fingernails.

N-PLURAL

scrappy

[D.J.:ˈskræpi:]

[K.K.:ˈskræpi]

adj.

混乱的;散乱的

<美>好斗的;好吵架的

scrappily

adv.

scrappiness

n.

scrappy

scrappy
If you describe something as scrappy , you disapprove of it because it seems to be badly planned or untidy.

- ...a scrappy affair...

- The final chapter is no more than a scrappy addition.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

scrappy

adjective

fragmentary

bitty

disjointed

incomplete

piecemeal

sketchy

thrown together

scrapyard

n.

废品堆放场

scrapyard

scrapyard scrapyards
A scrapyard is a place where old machines such as cars or ships are destroyed and where useful parts are saved. (BRIT; in AM use junkyard )
N-COUNT also scrap yard .

scratch

[D.J.:skrætʃ]

[K.K.:skrætʃ]

vt. & vi.

抓, 搔

刮伤

勾掉, 删掉

n.

抓; 搔痒

抓痕, 抓伤

刮擦声

scratching

刮痕

scratch **

1. scratch scratches scratching scratched
If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching.

- He scratched himself under his arm.

- The old man lifted his cardigan to scratch his side.

- I had to wear long sleeves to stop myself scratching.

VB

2. scratch scratches scratching scratched
If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface.

- The branches tore at my jacket and scratched my hands and face.

- Knives will scratch the worktop.

VB

3. scratch scratches
Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts.

- The seven-year-old was found crying with scratches on his face and neck.

- I pointed to a number of scratches in the tile floor.

N-COUNT

4. scratch
If you do something from scratch , you do it without making use of anything that has been done before.

- Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging.

- Hong Kong's manufacturing industry did not start from scratch in the post-war period.

PHR: PHR after v

5. scratch
If you say that someone is scratching their head , you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle.

- The Institute spends a lot of time scratching its head about how to boost American productivity.

PHR: V inflects

6. scratch
If you only scratch the surface of a subject or problem, you find out or do a small amount, but not enough to understand or solve it.

- Officials say they've only scratched the surface of the drug problem.

- We had only two weeks to tour Malaysia, which was hardly enough time to scratch the surface.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR of n

7. scratch
If you say that someone or something is not up to scratch , you mean that they are not good enough.

- My mother always made me feel I wasn't coming up to scratch.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR, usu with brd-neg

scratch

verb

1.

mark

claw

cut

damage

etch

grate

graze

lacerate

score

scrape

2.

withdraw

cancel

delete

eliminate

erase

pull out

noun

3.

mark

blemish

claw mark

gash

graze

laceration

scrape

up to scratch

4.

adequate

acceptable

satisfactory

sufficient

up to standard

adjective

5.

improvised

impromptu

rough-and-ready

scratch card

scratch card scratch cards
A scratch card is a card with hidden words or symbols on it. You scratch the surface off to reveal the words or symbols and find out if you have won a prize.
N-COUNT also scratchcard

scratchy

[D.J.:ˈskrætʃi:]

[K.K.:ˈskrætʃi]

adj.

(录音等)发出咝咝沙沙声的

(衣服)粗糙的,让人感到刺痒的

(书写等)潦草的

拼凑成的, 临时组成的

不规则的；参差不齐的

scratchiness

n.

scratchy

1. scratchy
Scratchy sounds are thin and harsh.

- Listening to the scratchy recording, I recognized Walt Whitman immediately.

ADJ-GRADED

2. scratchy
Scratchy clothes or fabrics are rough and uncomfortable to wear next to your skin.

- Wool is so scratchy that it irritates the skin.

ADJ-GRADED

scrawl

[D.J.:skrɔ:l]

[K.K.:skrɔl]

n.

潦草的笔迹

vt. & vi.

乱涂, 潦草地写

scrawl *

1. scrawl scrawls scrawling scrawled
If you scrawl something, you write it in a careless and untidy way.

- He scrawled a hasty note to his wife.

- Someone had scrawled `Scum' on his car.

- ...racist graffiti scrawled on school walls.

VB

2. scrawl scrawls
You can refer to writing that looks careless and untidy as a scrawl .

- The letter was handwritten, in a hasty, barely decipherable scrawl.

N-VAR
= scribble

scrawl

verb

scribble

doodle

squiggle

writing

scrawny

[D.J.:ˈskrɔ:ni:]

[K.K.:ˈskrɔni]

adj.

瘦的,皮包骨的

scrawny

scrawny scrawnier scrawniest
If you describe a person or animal as scrawny , you mean that they look unattractive because they are so thin.

- ...a scrawny woman with dyed black hair...

- The vulture extended his scrawny neck.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= scraggy skinny

scrawny

adjective

thin

bony

gaunt

lean

scraggy

skin-and-bones informal

skinny

undernourished

scream

[D.J.:skri:m]

[K.K.:skrim]

vt. & vi.

发出尖叫声

n.

尖叫, 尖叫声

极其可笑的人[事物]

screaming

[D.J.:ˈskri:miŋ]

[K.K.:ˈskrimɪŋ]

adj.

尖叫的,令人惊愕的,引人捧腹大笑的

scream ***

1. scream screams screaming screamed
When someone screams , they make a very loud, high-pitched cry, for example because they are in pain or are very frightened.

- Women were screaming; some of the houses nearest the bridge were on fire.

- If I hear one more joke about my hair, I shall scream.

- He staggered around the playground, screaming in agony.

- To play in front of 40,000 screaming fans was a great experience.

VB
= shriek

2. scream screams
Also a noun.

- Hilda let out a scream.

- ...screams of terror.

N-COUNT

3. scream screams screaming screamed
If you scream something, you shout it in a loud, high-pitched voice.

- `Brigid!' she screamed. `Get up!'.

- I was screaming at them to get out of my house.

- They started screaming abuse at us.

VB
= yell

4. scream screams screaming screamed
When something makes a loud, high-pitched noise, you can say that it screams . (WRITTEN)

- She slammed the car into gear, the tyres screaming as her foot jammed against the accelerator.

- As he talked, an airforce jet screamed over the town.

VB
= screech

5. scream screams
Also a noun.

- There was a scream of brakes from the carriageway outside.

N-COUNT
= screech

6. scream
If you say that someone is a scream , you think they are very funny. (INFORMAL)
N-SING: a N

scream

verb

1.

cry

bawl

screech

shriek

yell

noun

2.

cry

howl

screech

shriek

yell

yelp

screamingly

[ˈskri:miŋli]

adv.

尖叫地,令人惊愕地

screamingly

screamingly
If you say that something is, for example, screamingly funny or screamingly boring, you mean that it is extremely funny or extremely boring.

- ...a screamingly funny joke.

ADV: ADV adj emphasis

scree

[D.J.:skri:]

[K.K.:skri]

n.

(常用复数)小石子;岩屑堆

scree

scree screes
Scree is a mass of loose stones on the side of a mountain.

- Occasionally scree fell in a shower of dust and noise.

- He scrambled sideways down the scree slope.

N-VAR

screech

[D.J.:skri:tʃ]

[K.K.:skritʃ]

n.

尖锐的声音

vt. & vi.

发出尖叫声; 发出粗而刺耳的声音

高叫; 尖叫

screeching

发动机啸声

screech *

1. screech screeches screeching screeched
If a vehicle screeches somewhere or if its tyres screech , its tyres make an unpleasant high-pitched noise on the road.

- A black Mercedes screeched to a halt beside the helicopter.

- The car wheels screeched as they curved and bounced over the rough broken ground.

VB

2. screech screeches screeching screeched
When you screech something, you shout it in a loud, unpleasant, high-pitched voice.

- `Get me some water, Jeremy!' I screeched.

- Sometimes for no apparent reason she'd run out onto the highway, waving her hands and screeching at the traffic.

VB
= shriek

3. screech screeches
Also a noun.

- The figure gave a screech.

N-COUNT

4. screech screeches screeching screeched
When a bird, animal, or thing screeches , it makes a loud, unpleasant, high-pitched noise.

- A macaw screeched at him from its perch.

- ...tropical birds screeching in an aviary...

- The air-conditioning screeched all the time.

- Bronka is somewhat infamous for his screeching electric guitar work.

VB

5. screech screeches
Also a noun.

- He heard the screech of brakes.

N-COUNT

screech

verb

cry

scream

shriek

screen

[D.J.:skri:n]

[K.K.:skrin]

n.

屏风, 帘, 纱窗

掩护物

屏幕

银幕; 荧光屏

vt.

遮蔽, 掩护

放映(电影), 播放(电视节目)

审查, 甄选

screened

遮蔽的,筛过的

screening

[D.J.:ˈskri:niŋ]

[K.K.:ˈskrinɪŋ]

n.

放映

screenings

n.

筛屑,筛后残余的物

screens

整流网

screen ****

1. screen screens
A screen is a flat vertical surface on which pictures or words are shown. Television sets and computers have screens, and films are shown on a screen in cinemas.
N-COUNT
See also big screen , small screen .

2. screen
You can refer to film or television as the screen .

- Many viewers have strong opinions about violence on the screen.

- She was the ideal American teenager, both on and off screen.

N-SING: the N, also on/off N

3. screen screens screening screened
When a film or a television programme is screened , it is shown in the cinema or broadcast on television.

- The series is likely to be screened in January.

- TV firms were later banned from screening any pictures of the demo.

VB
= broadcast

4. screening screenings

- The film-makers will be present at the screenings to introduce their works.

N-COUNT

5. screen screens
A screen is a vertical panel which can be moved around. It is used to keep cold air away from part of a room, or to create a smaller area within a room.

- They put a screen in front of me so I couldn't see what was going on.

N-COUNT

6. screen screens screening screened
If something is screened by another thing, it is behind it and hidden by it.

- Most of the road behind the hotel was screened by a block of flats.

VB: usu passive

7. screen screens screening screened
To screen for a disease means to examine people to make sure that they do not have it.

- ...a quick saliva test that would screen for people at risk of tooth decay.

VB

8. screening

- Britain has an enviable record on breast screening for cancer.

N-VAR: usu N for n

9. screen screens screening screened
When an organization screens people who apply to join it, it investigates them to make sure that they are not likely to cause problems.

- They will screen all their candidates.

- ...screening procedures for the regiment.

VB

10. screen screens screening screened
To screen people or luggage means to check them using special equipment to make sure they are not carrying a weapon or a bomb.

- The airline had not been searching unaccompanied baggage by hand, but only screening it on X-ray machines.

VB

11. screen screens screening screened
If you screen your telephone calls, calls made to you are connected to an answering machine or are answered by someone else, so that you can choose whether or not to speak to the people phoning you.

- I employ a secretary to screen my calls.

VB

screen

noun

1.

cover

awning

canopy

cloak

guard

partition

room divider

shade

shelter

shield

2.

mesh

net

verb

3.

cover

cloak

conceal

hide

mask

shade

veil

4.

protect

defend

guard

shelter

shield

5.

vet

evaluate

examine

filter

gauge

scan

sift

sort

6.

broadcast

present

put on

show

screen off ****

screen off screens off; screening off; screened off
If part of a room or area is screened off , it is made into a separate area, using a screen.

- Her bed was screened off from the other patients.

PHR-V: usu passive

screen out ****

screen out screens out; screening out; screened out
If an organization or country screens out certain people, it keeps them out because it thinks they may cause problems.

- The company screened out applicants motivated only by money.

PHR-V

screen door

screen door screen doors
A screen door is a door made of fine netting which is on the outside of the main door of a house. It is used to keep insects out when the main door is open.
N-COUNT

screenplay

[D.J.:ˈskri:nˌpleɪ]

[K.K.:ˈskrinˌple]

n.

电影剧本

screenplay *

screenplay screenplays
A screenplay is the words to be spoken in a film, and instructions about what will be seen in it.
N-COUNT
= script

screen saver

screen saver screen savers
A screen saver is a moving picture which appears or is put on a computer screen when the computer is not used for a while.
N-COUNT

screen test

screen test screen tests
When a film studio gives an actor a screen test , they film a short scene in order to test how good he or she would be in films.
N-COUNT

screenwriter

[D.J.:ˈskri:nˌraitə]

[K.K.:ˈskrinˌraɪtɚ]

n.

电影剧本作家,编剧家

screenwriter *

screenwriter screenwriters
A screenwriter is a person who writes screenplays.
N-COUNT

screenwriting

[ˈskri:nˌraitiŋ]

n.,adj.

电影剧本创作(的)

screenwriting

screenwriting
Screenwriting is the process of writing screenplays.
N-UNCOUNT

screw

[D.J.:skru:]

[K.K.:skru]

n.

螺丝钉

vt.

用螺丝拧紧

vt. & vi.

旋, 扭; 拧

screwed

[skru:d]

adj.

用螺丝拧紧的,螺丝状的,喝醉的

screwing

车削螺纹;螺纹[螺栓]连接

screws

潜水员病

screw **

1. screw screws
A screw is a metal object similar to a nail, with a raised spiral line around it. You turn a screw using a screwdriver so that it goes through two things, for example two pieces of wood, and fastens them together.

- Each bracket is fixed to the wall with just three screws.

N-COUNT

2. screw screws screwing screwed
If you screw something somewhere or if it screws somewhere, you fix it in place by means of a screw or screws.

- I had screwed the shelf on the wall myself.

- Screw down any loose floorboards.

- I particularly like the type of shelving that screws to the wall.

V-ERG

3. screw
A screw lid or fitting is one that has a raised spiral line on the inside or outside of it, so that it can be fixed in place by twisting.

- ...an ordinary jam jar with a screw lid.

ADJ: ADJ n

4. screw screws screwing screwed
If you screw something somewhere or if it screws somewhere, you fix it in place by twisting it round and round.

- `Yes, I know that,' Kelly said, screwing the silencer onto the pistol.

- Screw down the lid fairly tightly.

- This device screws into the shutter release button.

- ...several aluminium poles that screw together to give a maximum length of 10 yards.

V-ERG

5. screw screws screwing screwed
If you screw something such as a piece of paper into a ball, you squeeze it or twist it tightly so that it is in the shape of a ball. (BRIT; in AM use crush )

- He screwed the paper into a ball and tossed it into the fire.

VB

6. screw screws screwing screwed
If you screw your face or your eyes into a particular expression, you tighten the muscles of your face to form that expression, for example because you are in pain or because the light is too bright.

- He screwed his face into an expression of mock pain.

VB

7. screw screws screwing screwed
If someone screws someone else or if two people screw , they have sex together. (RUDE)
V-RECIP

8. screw screws screwing screwed
Some people use screw in expressions such as screw you or screw that to show that they are not concerned about someone or something or that they feel contempt for them. (RUDE)
VB: only imper feelings

9. screw screws screwing screwed
If someone says that they have been screwed , they mean that someone else has cheated them, especially by getting money from them dishonestly. (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- They haven't given us accurate information. We've been screwed.

- The consumer is getting screwed by cover charges as well.

VB: usu passive

10. screw screws screwing screwed
If someone screws something, especially money, out of you, they get it from you by putting pressure on you. (mainly BRIT, INFORMAL)

- After decades of rich nations screwing money out of poor nations, it's about time some went the other way.

VB

11. screw screws
Prisoners often refer to prison officers as screws . (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

12. screw screws
A screw is a propeller on a ship or an aircraft. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

13. screw
If you turn or tighten the screw on someone, you increase the pressure which is already on them, for example by using threats, in order to force them to do a particular thing.

- Parisian taxi drivers are threatening to mount a blockade to turn the screw on the government.

PHR: V and N inflect, oft PHR on n

14. screw
You can refer to each of a series of threats or actions which are intended to force someone to do a particular thing as another turn of the screw .

- Every rebel raid is another turn of the screw, increasing the pressure on the President.

PHR

screw

verb

1.

turn

tighten

twist

often with out of 2.

extort

extract

wrest

wring

screw up **

1. screw up screws up; screwing up; screwed up
If you screw up your eyes or your face, you tighten your eye or face muscles, for example because you are in pain or because the light is too bright.

- She had screwed up her eyes, as if she found the sunshine too bright.

- Close your eyes and screw them up tight.

- His face screwed up in agony.

PHR-V-ERG

2. screw up screws up; screwing up; screwed up
If you screw up a piece of paper, you squeeze it tightly so that it becomes very creased and no longer flat, usually when you are throwing it away. (BRIT; in AM use crush )

- He would start writing to his family and would screw the letter up in frustration.

- He screwed up his first three efforts after only a line or two.

PHR-V

3. screw up screws up; screwing up; screwed up
To screw something up , or to screw up , means to cause something to fail or be spoiled. (INFORMAL)

- You can't open the window because it screws up the air conditioning.

- Get out. Haven't you screwed things up enough already!.

- Somebody had screwed up; they weren't there.

PHR-V
= mess up

screwed up *

screwed up
If you say that someone is screwed up , you mean that they are very confused or worried, or that they have psychological problems. (INFORMAL)

- He was really screwed up with his emotional problems.

- How many screwed-up adults are there now whose parents stayed together for the children's sake?

ADJ-GRADED

screw up

verb Informal

1.

bungle

botch

make a hash of informal

make a mess of slang

mess up

mishandle

spoil

2.

distort

contort

pucker

wrinkle

screwball

[D.J.:ˈskru:ˌbɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈskruˌbɔl]

n.

曲线球,怪人,略带神经病的人

adj.

怪僻的,奇妙的,精神有点怪的

screwball

1. screwball
Screwball comedy is silly and eccentric in an amusing and harmless way. (INFORMAL)

- ...a remake of a '50s classic screwball comedy.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. screwball screwballs
If you say that someone is a screwball , you mean that they do strange or crazy things. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

screwdriver

[D.J.:ˈskru:ˌdraɪvə]

[K.K.:ˈskruˌdraɪvɚ]

n.

螺丝刀;螺丝起子;改锥

伏特加橙汁鸡尾酒

screwdriver

screwdriver screwdrivers
A screwdriver is a tool that is used for turning screws. It consists of a metal rod with a flat or cross-shaped end that fits into the top of the screw.
N-COUNT

screw-top

screw-top
A screw-top bottle or jar has a lid that is secured by being twisted on.
ADJ: ADJ n

scribble

[D.J.:ˈskrɪbəl]

[K.K.:ˈskrɪbəl]

vt. & vi.

潦草的书写;乱画

scribble down

草草地写；匆匆记下

scribbling

[ˈskribliŋ]

n.

乱涂[写]胡[乱]写的文章[作品]

scribble *

1. scribble scribbles scribbling scribbled
If you scribble something, you write it quickly and roughly.

- She scribbled a note to tell Mum she'd gone out.

- As I scribbled in my diary the light went out.

VB

2. scribble scribbles scribbling scribbled
To scribble means to make meaningless marks or rough drawings using a pencil or pen.

- When Caroline was five she scribbled on a wall.

VB

3. scribble scribbles
Scribble is something that has been written or drawn quickly and roughly.

- I'm sorry what I wrote was such a scribble.

N-VAR
= scrawl

scribble

verb

scrawl

dash off

jot

write

scribble down *

scribble down scribbles down; scribbling down; scribbled down
If you scribble down something, you write it quickly or roughly.

- I attempted to scribble down the names.

- He took my name and address, scribbling it down in his notebook.

PHR-V

scribbler

[D.J.:ˈskrib(ə)lə]

[K.K.:ˈskrɪblɚ]

n.

潦草写字的人,三流作家,小文人

scribbler

scribbler scribblers
People sometimes refer to writers as scribblers when they think they are not very good writers. (mainly JOURNALISM)

- The world is full of scribblers. I don't intend to join their ranks.

N-COUNT: usu pl disapproval

scribe

[D.J.:skraib]

[K.K.:skraɪb]

n.

(印刷术发明之前的)抄写员, 抄书吏

scribe

scribe scribes
In the days before printing was common, a scribe was a person who wrote copies of things such as letters or documents.
N-COUNT

scribe

noun

copyist

amanuensis

writer

scrimp

[D.J.:skrɪmp]

[K.K.:skrɪmp]

vi.

(较平时)节省着过日子,一点一滴地省钱;吝啬;克扣

vt.

节省, 节缩, 过度减少

scrimp

scrimp scrimps scrimping scrimped
If you scrimp on things, you live cheaply and spend as little money as possible.

- Scrimping on safety measures can be a false economy.

- He has had to give up luxuries as he scrimps and saves while looking for a job.

VB
= skimp

scrimp

verb

economize

be frugal

save

scrape

skimp

stint

tighten one's belt

script

[D.J.:skript]

[K.K.:skrɪpt]

n.

剧本, 脚本, 讲稿

笔迹

文字

scripted

照原稿宣读(或广播)的

script ***

1. script scripts
The script of a play, film, or television programme is the written version of it.

- Jenny's writing a film script.

N-COUNT

2. script scripts scripting scripted
The person who scripts a film or a radio or television play writes it.

- ...James Cameron, who scripted and directed both films.

VB

3. script scripts
You can refer to a particular system of writing as a particular script .

- ...a text in the Malay language but written in Arabic script.

N-VAR: usu adj N

scripted

scripted
A scripted speech has been written in advance, although the speaker may pretend that it is spoken without preparation.

- It's much easier to prepare scripted answers when a panel of journalists is asking the questions.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

script

noun

1.

text

book

copy

dialogue

libretto

lines

words

2.

handwriting

calligraphy

penmanship

writing

scriptural

[D.J.:ˈskriptʃər(ə)l]

[K.K.:ˈskrɪptʃərəl]

adj.

手稿的,圣经的,依据圣经的

scriptural

scriptural
Scriptural is used to describe things that are written in or based on the Christian Bible.

- ...scriptural accounts of the process of salvation.

ADJ: ADJ n

scripture

[D.J.:ˈskrɪptʃə]

[K.K.:ˈskrɪptʃɚ]

n.

经文,圣典

scripture *

scripture scriptures
Scripture or the scriptures refers to writings that are regarded as holy in a particular religion, for example the Bible in Christianity.

- ...a quote from scripture.

- ...the Holy Scriptures.

N-VAR: oft the N

scriptwriter

[D.J.:ˈskrɪptˌraɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈskrɪptˌraɪtɚ]

n.

电影剧本作者

scriptwriter

scriptwriter scriptwriters
A scriptwriter is a person who writes scripts for films or for radio or television programmes.
N-COUNT

scroll

[D.J.:skrəʊl]

[K.K.:skrol]

n.

(常用于录写正式文件的)纸卷, 卷轴

涡卷形(装饰), 卷形花纹

vt.

(电脑屏幕上)从上到下移动(资料等), 卷页

vi.

(似卷轴般)卷起

(像展开卷轴般地)将文字显示于屏幕

scrolled

adj.

具有涡卷装饰的

scrolling

[ˈskrəuliŋ]

n.

卷[滚]动法，上下换行

scroll *

1. scroll scrolls
A scroll is a long roll of paper or a similar material with writing on it.

- Ancient scrolls were found in caves by the Dead Sea.

N-COUNT

2. scroll scrolls
A scroll is a painted or carved decoration made to look like a scroll.

- ...a handsome suite of chairs incised with Grecian scrolls.

N-COUNT

3. scroll scrolls scrolling scrolled
If you scroll through text on a computer screen, you move the text up or down to find the information that you need.

- I scrolled down to find `United States of America'.

VB

scroll bar

scroll bar scroll bars
On a computer screen, a scroll bar is a long thin box along one edge of a window, which you click on with the mouse to move the text up, down, or across the window.
N-COUNT

Scrooge

[skru:dʒ]

n.

吝啬鬼; 守财奴

Scrooge

Scrooge Scrooges
If you call someone a Scrooge , you disapprove of them because they are very mean and hate spending money.

- What a bunch of Scrooges.

N-VAR disapproval

scrotum

[D.J.:ˈskrəutəm]

[K.K.:ˈskrotəm]

n.

阴囊

scrotum

scrotum scrotums
A man's scrotum is the bag of skin that contains his testicles.
N-COUNT

scrounge

[D.J.:skraʊndʒ]

[K.K.:skraʊndʒ]

vt.

乞讨,骗取

n.

be/go on the scrounge (for sth)

讨要(钱财、食物等)；伸手索要

scrounger

n.

scrounge

1. scrounge scrounges scrounging scrounged
If you say that someone scrounges something such as food or money, you disapprove of them because they get it by asking for it, rather than by buying it or earning it. (INFORMAL)

- There were tales of Williams having to scrounge enough money to get his car out of the long-term park.

- The Indians accused the government of not giving them money once they had arrived, forcing them to scrounge for food.

VB disapproval

2. scrounger scroungers

- They are just scroungers.

N-COUNT: usu pl

scrounge

verb Informal

cadge

beg

blag slang

bum informal

freeload slang

sponge informal

scrounger

adjective

cadger

freeloader slang

parasite

sponger informal

scrub

[D.J.:skrʌb]

[K.K.:skrʌb]

vt. & vi.

用力擦洗

vt.

对…不予考虑; 取消

n.

擦洗

scrubbing

涤气

scrub **

1. scrub scrubs scrubbing scrubbed
If you scrub something, you rub it hard in order to clean it, using a stiff brush and water.

- Surgeons began to scrub their hands and arms with soap and water before operating.

- The corridors are scrubbed clean.

VB

2. scrub
Also a noun.

- The walls needed a good scrub.

N-SING: a N

3. scrub scrubs scrubbing scrubbed
If you scrub dirt or stains off something, you remove them by rubbing hard.

- I started to scrub off the dirt.

- Matthew scrubbed the coal dust from his face.

VB

4. scrub
Scrub consists of low trees and bushes, especially in an area that has very little rain.

- There is an area of scrub and woodland beside the railway.

N-UNCOUNT

scrub

verb

1.

scour

clean

cleanse

rub

2.

cancel

abolish

call off

delete

drop

forget about

give up

scrubber

[D.J.:ˈskrʌbə]

[K.K.:ˈskrʌbɚ]

n.

洗刷者

scrubber

scrubber scrubbers
If someone refers to a woman as a scrubber , they are suggesting in a very rude way that she has had sex with a lot of men. (BRIT, INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT disapproval

scrubby

[D.J.:ˈskrʌbi]

[K.K.:ˈskrʌbi]

adj.

(个子)矮小的,树丛繁盛的,多短硬毛的

scrubby

scrubby
Scrubby land is rough and dry and covered with scrub.

- ...the hot, scrubby hills of western Eritrea.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

scrubland

[D.J.:ˈskrʌblænd]

[K.K.:ˈskrʌbˌlænd]

n.

灌木丛林地

scrubland

scrubland scrublands
Scrubland is an area of land which is covered with low trees and bushes.

- Thousands of acres of forests and scrubland have been burnt.

N-VAR

scruff

[D.J.:skrʌf]

[K.K.:skrʌf]

n.

颈背

<英,非正>邋遢人

by the scruff of sb’s/the neck

揪住人(或动物)的颈背

scruff

scruff
If someone takes you by the scruff of the neck , they take hold of the back of your neck or collar suddenly and roughly.

- He picked the dog up by the scruff of the neck and hurled her down the stairs.

PHR: v n PHR

scruffy

[D.J.:ˈskrʌfi:]

[K.K.:ˈskrʌfi]

adj.

肮脏的;不整洁的

scruffy *

scruffy scruffier scruffiest
Someone or something that is scruffy is dirty and untidy.

- ...a young man, pale, scruffy and unshaven.

- ...a scruffy basement flat in London.

ADJ-GRADED
= tatty shabby

scruffy

adjective Informal

shabby

ill-groomed

mangy

messy

ragged

run-down

seedy

tatty

unkempt

untidy

scrum

[D.J.:skrʌm]

[K.K.:skrʌm]

n.

混战, 争夺

scrum *

1. scrum scrums
In rugby, a scrum is a tight group formed by players from both sides pushing against each other with their heads down in an attempt to get the ball.
N-COUNT
= scrummage

2. scrum scrums
A scrum is a group of people who are close together and pushing against each other. (BRIT)

- She pushed through the scrum of photographers.

- ...the scrum of shoppers.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n

scrummage

[D.J.:ˈskrʌmidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈskrʌmɪdʒ]

n.

并列(列队)争球

vi.

排成争球队形,参与争球

scrummage

scrummage scrummages
In rugby, a scrummage is the same as a scrum .
N-COUNT

scrumptious

[D.J.:ˈskrʌmpʃəs]

[K.K.:ˈskrʌmpʃəs]

adj.

<口>可口的,美味的

愉快的

scrumptious

scrumptious
If you describe food as scrumptious , you mean that it tastes extremely good. (INFORMAL)

- ...a scrumptious apple pie.

ADJ-GRADED
= delicious

scrumptious

adjective Informal

delicious

appetizing

delectable

luscious

mouthwatering

succulent

yummy slang

scrumpy

n.

(英国西南部产的)苹果烈酒

scrumpy

scrumpy
Scrumpy is a strong alcoholic drink made from apples. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...a pint of scrumpy.

N-UNCOUNT
= cider

scrunch

[D.J.:skrʌntʃ, skrʊntʃ]

[K.K.:skrʌntʃ, skrʊntʃ]

vi.

<非正>发出喀嚓声

蜷缩

vt.

压;碾

挤压,皱紧(身体的某部位)

scrunch up

把…揉成小团

扭曲(面部)

n.

喀嚓声

scrunch

1. scrunch scrunches scrunching scrunched
If something scrunches , it makes a loud sound as it is pressed or crushed or as it presses or crushes something else.

- The sand on the floor scrunched under our feet.

- Her feet scrunch on the gravel.

VB
= crunch

2. scrunch scrunches scrunching scrunched
If you scrunch something, you squeeze it or bend it so that it is no longer in its natural shape and is often crushed.

- Her father scrunched his nose.

- Her mother was sitting bolt upright, scrunching her white cotton gloves into a ball.

VB

3. scrunch up; scrunches up; scrunching up; scrunched up
Scrunch up means the same as scrunch .

- She scrunched up three pages of notes and threw them in the bin.

- Stand straight or walk about a bit -- don't scrunch yourself up.

PHR-V

scruple

[D.J.:ˈskru:pəl]

[K.K.:ˈskrupəl]

n.

良心上的不安

顾虑,顾忌

vi.

感到于心不安,有顾忌

scruple

scruple scruples
Scruples are moral principles or beliefs that make you unwilling to do something that seems wrong.

- ...a man with no moral scruples.

N-VAR: usu pl

scruple

noun

1.

misgiving

compunction

doubt

hesitation

qualm

reluctance

second thoughts

uneasiness

verb

2.

have misgivings about

demur

doubt

have qualms about

hesitate

think twice about

scrupulous

[D.J.:ˈskru:pjələs]

[K.K.:ˈskrupjələs]

adj.

严格认真的，一丝不苟的

按良心和道德原则办事的;绝对正直的

有顾忌的，有顾虑的

scrupulously

adv.

一丝不苟地

scrupulousness

n.

一丝不苟

scrupulously

adv.

小心翼翼地,多顾虑地

scrupulousness

n.

小心翼翼

scrupulous *

1. scrupulous
Someone who is scrupulous takes great care to do what is fair, honest, or morally right.

- You're being very scrupulous, but to what end?.

- I have been scrupulous about telling them the dangers.

- The Board is scrupulous in its consideration of all applications for licences.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ approval

2. scrupulously

- He is scrupulously fair, and popular with his staff.

- Namibia has scrupulously upheld political pluralism.

ADV-GRADED

3. scrupulous
Scrupulous means thorough, exact, and careful about details.

- Both readers commend Knutson for his scrupulous attention to detail.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= meticulous

4. scrupulously

- The streets and parks were scrupulously clean.

- Hillsden scrupulously avoided any topic likely to arouse suspicion as to his motives.

ADV-GRADED

scrupulous

adjective

1.

moral

conscientious

honourable

principled

upright

2.

careful

exact

fastidious

meticulous

precise

punctilious

rigorous

strict

scrutineer

[ˌskru:tiˈniə]

n.

监票人

scrutineer

scrutineer scrutineers
A scrutineer is a person who checks that an election or a race is carried out according to the rules. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

scrutinize

[D.J.:ˈskru:tnˌaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈskrutn..ˌaɪz]

vt.

仔细检查,详审

scrutinize *

scrutinize scrutinizes scrutinizing scrutinized
If you scrutinize something, you examine it very carefully, often to find out some information from it or about it.

- Her purpose was to scrutinize his features to see if he was an honest man.

- Lloyds' results were carefully scrutinised as a guide to what to expect from the other banks.

VB (BRIT) also scrutinise
= examine

scrutinize

verb

examine

explore

inspect

investigate

peruse

pore over

probe

scan

search

study

scrutiny

[D.J.:ˈskru:tini]

[K.K.:ˈskrutni]

n.

细看, 细查; 监视

scrutiny **

scrutiny
If a person or thing is under scrutiny , they are being studied or observed very carefully.

- His private life came under media scrutiny.

- The President promised a government open to public scrutiny.

N-UNCOUNT: oft prep N

scrutiny

noun

examination

analysis

exploration

inspection

investigation

perusal

search

study

scuba diving

1. scuba diving
Scuba diving is the activity of swimming underwater using special breathing equipment. The equipment consists of cylinders of air which you carry on your back and which are connected to your mouth by rubber tubes.
N-UNCOUNT

2. scuba dive

- I signed up to learn how to scuba dive.

VB

scud

[D.J.:skʌd]

[K.K.:skʌd]

vi.

(尤指船、舰或云彩)笔直、高速而平稳地移动

scudding

[ˈskʌdiŋ]

n.

刮面

scud

scud scuds scudding scudded
If clouds scud along, they move quickly and smoothly through the sky. (LITERARY)

- ...heavy, rain-laden clouds scudding across from the south-west.

VB
= sail

scuff

[D.J.:skʌf]

[K.K.:skʌf]

vt.

使磨损

拖着脚走

scuffing

[ˈskʌfiŋ]

n.

刮[磨,擦,划]伤

scuff

1. scuff scuffs scuffing scuffed
If you scuff something or if it scuffs , you mark the surface by scraping it against other things or by scraping other things against it.

- Constant wheelchair use will scuff almost any floor surface.

- Molded plastic is almost indestructible, but scuffs easily.

V-ERG

2. scuffed

- ...scuffed brown shoes.

ADJ-GRADED

3. scuff scuffs scuffing scuffed
If you scuff your feet, you pull them along the ground as you walk.

- Polly, bewildered and embarrassed, dropped her head and scuffed her feet.

VB
= drag

scuffle

[D.J.:ˈskʌfəl]

[K.K.:ˈskʌfəl]

n.

扭打, 混战

vi.

扭打, 混战

scuffle *

1. scuffle scuffles
A scuffle is a short, disorganized fight or struggle.

- Violent scuffles broke out between rival groups demonstrating for and against independence.

N-COUNT
= fight

2. scuffle scuffles scuffling scuffled
If people scuffle , they fight for a short time in a disorganized way.

- Police scuffled with some of the protesters.

- He and Hannah had been scuffling in the yard outside his house.

V-RECIP

scuffling

scuffling
A scuffling noise is a noise made by a person or animal moving about, usually one that you cannot see.

- There was a scuffling noise in the background.

ADJ: ADJ n

scuffle

verb

1.

fight

clash

grapple

jostle

struggle

tussle

noun

2.

fight

brawl

commotion

disturbance

fray

scrimmage

skirmish

tussle

scuff mark

scuff mark scuff marks
Scuff marks are marks made on a smooth surface when something is rubbed against it.

- Wooden floors can look quite smart, but scuff marks from shoes are difficult to remove.

N-COUNT: usu pl

scull

[D.J.:skʌl]

[K.K.:skʌl]

n.

短桨

橹

赛艇

vt. & vi.

(用桨)划船

sculling

[ˈskʌliŋ]

n.

双桨式划水(仰卧水面,两脚并拢,两手放身旁划水并带出水和入水动作)

scull

1. scull sculls
Sculls are small oars which are held by one person and used to move a boat through water.
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. scull sculls
A scull is a small light racing boat which is rowed with two sculls.
N-COUNT

3. scull sculls sculling sculled
To scull a boat means to row it using sculls.

- An old woman sculling a coracle came alongside.

VB

scullery

[D.J.:ˈskʌləri:]

[K.K.:ˈskʌləri]

n.

(洗碗盘、 蔬菜等的)后厨房;(炊具食品等的)洗涤室

scullery

scullery sculleries
A scullery is a small room next to a kitchen where washing and other household tasks are done. (BRIT, OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

sculpt

[D.J.:skʌlpt]

[K.K.:skʌlpt]

vt. & vi.

雕刻;雕塑

做(头发); 梳(发式)

vt.

风蚀;侵蚀

锻炼(肌肉)

sculpt *

1. sculpt sculpts sculpting sculpted
When an artist sculpts something, they carve or shape it out of a material such as stone or clay.

- An artist sculpted a full-size replica of her head.

- When I sculpt, my style is expressionistic.

VB

2. sculpt sculpts sculpting sculpted
If something is sculpted , it is made into a particular shape.

- More familiar landscapes have been sculpted by surface erosion.

- Michael smoothed and sculpted Jane's hair into shape.

VB

sculptor

[D.J.:ˈskʌlptə]

[K.K.:ˈskʌlptɚ]

n.

雕刻家

sculptor *

sculptor sculptors
A sculptor is someone who creates sculptures.
N-COUNT

sculptural

[ˈskʌlptʃərəl]

adj.

雕塑的

sculptural

sculptural
Sculptural means relating to sculpture.

- He enjoyed working with clay as a sculptural form.

- The sculptural style of the classical and Hellenistic periods.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

sculpture

[D.J.:ˈskʌlptʃə]

[K.K.:ˈskʌlptʃɚ]

n.

雕刻, 雕塑

雕刻品

vt. & vi.

雕刻, 雕塑

sculpture **

1. sculpture sculptures
A sculpture is a work of art that is produced by carving or shaping stone, wood, clay, or other materials.

- ...stone sculptures of figures and animals.

- ...a collection of 20th-century art and sculpture.

N-VAR

2. sculpture
Sculpture is the art of creating sculptures.

- Both studied sculpture.

N-UNCOUNT

sculpture

verb

sculpt

carve

chisel

fashion

form

hew

model

mould

shape

sculptured

具刻纹的;用刻纹装饰的

sculptured

sculptured
Sculptured objects have been carved or shaped from something.

- ...a beautifully sculptured bronze horse.

ADJ

scum

[D.J.:skʌm]

[K.K.:skʌm]

n.

浮渣, 泡沫

卑鄙的人, 下贱的人

the scum of the earth

人渣； 社会渣滓

scum *

1. scum
If you refer to people as scum , you are expressing your feelings of dislike and disgust for them. (INFORMAL)
N-PLURAL disapproval

2. scum
Scum is a layer of a dirty or unpleasant-looking substance on the surface of a liquid.

- ...scum marks around the bath.

N-UNCOUNT

scum

noun

1.

impurities

dross

film

froth

2.

rabble

dregs of society

riffraff

trash chiefly U.S. & Canad.

scumbag

[D.J.:ˈskʌmˌbæg]

[K.K.:ˈskʌmˌbæɡ]

n.

〈俚〉避孕套;卑鄙的家伙

scumbag

scumbag scumbags
If you refer to someone as a scumbag , you are expressing your feelings of dislike and disgust for them. (INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE)
N-COUNT disapproval

scupper

[D.J.:ˈskʌpə]

[K.K.:ˈskʌpɚ]

n.

排水孔

vt.

破坏, 毁坏

scupper *

scupper scuppers scuppering scuppered
To scupper a plan or attempt means to spoil it completely. (mainly BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- Any increase in the female retirement age would scupper the plans of women like Gwen Davis.

- If the Commission has its way, the entire deal will be scuppered.

VB
= scuttle foil

scupper

verb Brit. slang

destroy

defeat

demolish

put paid to

ruin

torpedo

wreck

scurrilous

[D.J.:ˈskɜ:rələs, ˈskʌr-]

[K.K.:ˈskə..rələs, ˈskʌr-]

adj.

粗俗的,下流的

scurrilously

adv.

粗俗地

scurrilousness

n.

粗俗,下流

scurrilously

adv.

下流地,粗野无礼地

scurrilous

scurrilous
Scurrilous accusations or stories are untrue and unfair, and are likely to damage the reputation of the person that they relate to.

- Scurrilous and untrue stories were being invented.

- ...scurrilous rumours.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= defamatory

scurrilous

adjective

slanderous

abusive

defamatory

insulting

scandalous

vituperative

scurry

[D.J.:ˈskɜ:ri:, ˈskʌri:]

[K.K.:ˈskə..ri, ˈskʌri]

n.

快步急走

vi.

急匆匆地走

scurry *

1. scurry scurries scurrying scurried
When people or small animals scurry somewhere, they move there quickly and hurriedly, especially because they are frightened. (WRITTEN)

- The attack began, sending residents scurrying for cover.

- The rats scurry around, searching for scraps of food in the rubbish.

VB
= scuttle

2. scurry scurries scurrying scurried
If people scurry to do something, they do it as soon as they can. (WRITTEN)

- Pictures of starving children have sent many people scurrying to donate money.

VB
= rush hurry

scurry

verb

1.

hurry

dart

dash

race

scamper

scoot

scuttle

sprint

noun

2.

flurry

scampering

whirl

scurvily

adv.

下流地,粗鄙地,无礼地

scurvy

[D.J.:ˈskɜ:vi:]

[K.K.:ˈskə..vi]

n.

坏血病

adj.

下贱的,卑鄙的

scurvily

adv.

scurvy

scurvy
Scurvy is a disease that is caused by a lack of vitamin C.
N-UNCOUNT

scuttle

[D.J.:ˈskʌtl]

[K.K.:ˈskʌtl..]

n.

天窗

vt.

使船沉没

vi.

快跑, 急走

scuttling

[ˈskʌtliŋ]

n.

船底穿孔;打开通海阀(沉船用)

scuttle *

1. scuttle scuttles scuttling scuttled
When people or small animals scuttle somewhere, they run there with short quick steps.

- Two very small children scuttled away in front of them.

- Crabs scuttle along the muddy bank.

VB
= scurry

2. scuttle scuttles scuttling scuttled
To scuttle a plan or a proposal means to make it fail or cause it to stop.

- Such threats could scuttle the peace conference.

VB
= scupper foil

3. scuttle scuttles scuttling scuttled
To scuttle a ship means to sink it deliberately by making holes in the bottom.

- He personally had received orders from Commander Lehmann to scuttle the ship.

VB

4. scuttle scuttles
A scuttle is the same as a coal scuttle . (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

scuttle

verb

run

bustle

hasten

hurry

rush

scamper

scoot

scurry

scuzzy

[D.J.:ˈskʌzi]

[K.K.:ˈskʌzi]

adj.

〈美口〉肮脏的,邋遢的,阴暗的

scuzzy

scuzzy scuzzier scuzziest
Something that is scuzzy is dirty or disgusting. (INFORMAL)

- He wonders why the club is named after a scuzzy drug district in uptown New York.

ADJ-GRADED

scythe

[D.J.:saɪð]

[K.K.:saɪð]

n.

(长柄)大镰刀

scythe

1. scythe scythes
A scythe is a tool with a long curved blade at right angles to a long handle. It is used to cut long grass or grain.
N-COUNT

2. scythe scythes scything scythed
If you scythe grass or grain, you cut it with a scythe.

- Two men were attempting to scythe the grass that grew waist deep in the yard.

VB

SE

abbr.

southeast 东南

SE

abbr.

southeast 东南

SE

SE
SE is a written abbreviation for south-east .
(AM) also S.E.

sea

[D.J.:si:]

[K.K.:si]

n.

海, 海洋

大量, 浩瀚

seas

海域

sea ****

1. sea
The sea is the salty water that covers about three-quarters of the earth's surface.

- Most of the kids have never seen the sea.

- All transport operations, whether by sea, rail or road, are closely monitored at all times.

N-SING: the N, also by N

2. sea seas
You use seas when you are describing the sea at a particular time or in a particular area. (LITERARY)

- He drowned after 30 minutes in the rough seas.

- The seas are warm further south.

N-PLURAL

3. sea seas
A sea is a large area of salty water that is part of an ocean or is surrounded by land.

- ...the North Sea.

- ...the huge inland sea of Turkana.

N-COUNT: oft in names

4. sea
A sea of people or things is a very large number of them together.

- Down below them was the sea of upturned faces.

- His eyes ran over the sea of bottles and glasses on the table.

N-SING: N of n

5. sea
You can say that someone is all at sea when they are in a state of confusion or uncertainty. (JOURNALISM)

- If you had never seen a telly ad, you would be all at sea with popular culture.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

6. sea
At sea means on or under the sea, far away from land.

- The boats remain at sea for an average of ten days at a time.

- His body was found at sea in waters off the Canary Islands.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

7. sea
If you go or look out to sea , you go or look across the sea.

- ...fishermen who go to sea for two weeks at a time...

- He pointed out to sea.

PHR: PHR after v

sea

noun

1.

ocean

main

the deep

the waves

2.

expanse

abundance

mass

multitude

plethora

profusion

at sea

3.

bewildered

baffled

confused

lost

mystified

puzzled

sea air

sea air
The sea air is the air at the seaside, which is regarded as being good for people's health.

- I took a deep breath of the fresh sea air.

N-UNCOUNT

seabed

[D.J.:ˈsi:bed]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌbɛd]

n.

海底,海床

seabed

seabed
The seabed is the ground under the sea.
N-SING also sea bed .

seabird

[D.J.:ˈsi:bɜ:d]

n.

海鸟

seabird

seabird seabirds
Seabirds are birds that live near the sea and get their food from it.

- The island is covered with seabirds.

N-COUNT also sea-bird .

seaboard

[D.J.:ˈsi:ˌbɔ:d, -ˌbəʊrd]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

沿海地区;海滨

seaboard

seaboard seaboards
The seaboard is the part of a country that is next to the sea; used especially of the coasts of North America.

- ...the Eastern seaboard of the USA.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing
= coast

seaborne

[D.J.:ˈsi:bɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌbɔrn, -ˌborn]

adj.

海上运输的,漂流的

seaborne

seaborne
Seaborne actions or events take place on the sea in ships.

- He postponed the seaborne invasion until the spring.

- ...seaborne trade.

ADJ: ADJ n also sea-borne .

sea breeze

sea breeze sea breezes
A sea breeze is a light wind blowing from the sea towards the land.
N-COUNT

sea captain

sea captain sea captains
A sea captain is a person in command of a ship, usually a ship that carries goods for trade.
N-COUNT

sea change

sea change sea changes
A sea change in someone's attitudes or behaviour is a complete change.

- A sea change has taken place in young people's attitudes to their parents.

N-COUNT also sea-change .

sea dog

sea dog sea dogs
A sea dog is a sailor is who has spent many years at sea. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT also seadog .

seafarer

[D.J.:ˈsi:ˌfeərə]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌfɛrɚ]

n.

船员,航海家

seafarer

seafarer seafarers
Seafarers are people who work on ships or people who travel regularly on the sea. (WRITTEN)

- The Estonians have always been seafarers.

N-COUNT: usu pl

seafaring

[D.J.:ˈsi:ˌfeərɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌfɛrɪŋ]

adj.

航海的,水上的

seafaring

seafaring
Seafaring means working as a sailor or travelling regularly on the sea.

- The Lebanese were a seafaring people.

- ...a seafaring vessel.

ADJ: ADJ n

seafaring

adjective

nautical

marine

maritime

naval

seafloor

[D.J.:ˈsi:flɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌflɔr, -ˌflor]

n.

海底

seafloor

seafloor
The seafloor is the ground under the sea.
N-SING
= seabed

seafood

[D.J.:ˈsi:ˌfu:d]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌfud]

n.

海产食品, 海鲜

seafood *

seafood
Seafood is shellfish such as lobsters, mussels, and crabs, and sometimes other sea creatures that you can eat.

- ...a seafood restaurant.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

seafront

[ˈsi:frʌnt]

n.

海岸区, 海滨区

seafront

seafront seafronts
The seafront is the part of a seaside town that is nearest to the sea. It usually consists of a road with buildings that face the sea.

- They decided to meet on the seafront.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

seagoing

[D.J.:ˈsi:ˌgəʊɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌɡoɪŋ]

adj.

适于远航的

seagoing

seagoing
Seagoing boats and ships are designed for travelling on the sea, rather than on lakes, rivers, or canals.
ADJ: ADJ n also sea-going .

sea-green

[ˈsi:ˈɡri:n]

adj.

海绿色的

sea-green

sea-green
Something that is sea-green is a bluish-green colour like the colour of the sea.

- ...her sea-green eyes.

COLOUR also sea green .

seagull

[D.J.:ˈsi:gʌl]

n.

海鸥

seagull *

seagull seagulls
A seagull is a common kind of seabird with white or grey feathers.
N-COUNT

seahorse

[ˈsi:hɔ:s]

n.

海马

seahorse

seahorse seahorses
A seahorse is a type of small fish which appears to swim in a vertical position and whose head looks a little like the head of a horse.
N-COUNT also sea horse .

seal

[D.J.:si:l]

[K.K.:sil]

n.

海豹

印章, 印鉴, 图章

封条, 封蜡

vt.

盖章于

密封

决定

sealed

[si:ld]

adj.

未知的,密封的

sealing

[D.J.:ˈsi:liŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsilɪŋ]

n.

猎捕海豹业

seal 1 closing ***

1. seal seals sealing sealed
When you seal an envelope, you close it by folding part of it over and sticking it down, so that it cannot be opened without being torn.

- He sealed the envelope and put on a stamp.

- Write your letter and seal it in a blank envelope.

- A courier was despatched with two sealed envelopes.

VB

2. seal seals sealing sealed
If you seal a container or an opening, you cover it with something in order to prevent air, liquid, or other material getting in or out. If you seal something in a container, you put it inside and then close the container tightly.

- She merely filled the containers, sealed them with a cork, and pasted on labels.

- A woman picks them up and seals them in plastic bags.

- ...a lid to seal in heat and keep food moist.

- ...a hermetically sealed, leak-proof packet.

VB

3. seal seals
The seal on a container or opening is the part where it has been sealed.

- When assembling the pie, wet the edges where the two crusts join, to form a seal.

N-COUNT

4. seal seals
A seal is a device or a piece of material, for example in a machine, which closes an opening tightly so that air, liquid or other substances cannot get in or out.

- Checks seals on fridges and freezers regularly.

N-COUNT: oft N on n

5. seal seals
A seal is something such as a piece of sticky paper or wax that is fixed to a container or door and must be broken before the container or door can be opened.

- The seal on the box broke when it fell from its hiding-place.

- Protestors banged on the sides of the lorry and broke customs seals on the doors.

N-COUNT: oft N on n

6. seal seals
A seal is a special mark or design, for example on a document, representing someone or something. It may be used to show that something is genuine or officially approved.

- ...a supply of note paper bearing the Presidential seal...

- The best wines are entitled to a numbered seal of quality.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

7. seal seals sealing sealed
If someone in authority seals an area, they stop people entering or passing through it, for example by placing barriers in the way.

- The soldiers were deployed to help paramilitary police seal the border.

- A wide area round the two-storey building is sealed to all traffic except the emergency services.

VB

8. seal off seals off; sealing off; sealed off
Seal off means the same as seal .

- Police and troops sealed off the area after the attack.

- Soldiers there are going to seal the airport off.

PHR-V

9. seal seals sealing sealed
To seal something means to make it definite or confirm how it is going to be. (WRITTEN)

- McLaren are close to sealing a deal with Renault.

- A General Election will be held which will seal his destiny one way or the other.

- His artistic character was sealed by his experiences of the First World War.

VB

10. seal
If something sets or puts the seal on something, it makes it definite or confirms how it is going to be. (WRITTEN)

- Such a visit may set the seal on a new relationship between the two governments.

- They see this election as a chance to put the final seal on the defeat of communism.

PHR: V inflects

11. seal
If a document is under seal , it is in a sealed envelope and cannot be looked at, for example because it is private. (FORMAL)

- Because the transcript is still under seal, I am precluded by law from discussing the evidence.

PHR: v-link PHR, n PHR

seal 2 animal *

seal seals
A seal is a large animal with a rounded body and flat legs called flippers. Seals eat fish and live in and near the sea, usually in cold parts of the world.
N-COUNT

seal off ***

seal off seals off; sealing off; sealed off
If one object or area is sealed off from another, there is a physical barrier between them, so that nothing can pass between them.

- Windows are usually sealed off.

- ...the anti-personnel door that sealed off the chamber.

PHR-V

seal

noun

1.

authentication

confirmation

imprimatur

insignia

ratification

stamp

verb

2.

close

bung

enclose

fasten

plug

shut

stop

stopper

stop up

3.

authenticate

confirm

ratify

stamp

validate

4.

settle

clinch

conclude

consummate

finalize

seal off

5.

isolate

put out of bounds

quarantine

segregate

seal in ***

seal in seals in; sealing in; sealed in
If something seals in a smell or liquid, it prevents it from getting out of a food.

- The coffee is freeze-dried to seal in all the flavour.

PHR-V

seal up ***

seal up seals up; sealing up; sealed up
If you seal something up , you close it completely so that nothing can get in or out.

- The paper was used for sealing up holes in walls and roofs.

PHR-V

sea lane

sea lane sea lanes
Sea lanes are particular routes which ships regularly use in order to cross a sea or ocean.
N-COUNT: usu pl

sealant

[D.J.:ˈsi:lənt]

[K.K.:ˈsilənt]

n.

密封剂

sealant

sealant sealants
A sealant is a substance that is used to seal holes, cracks, or gaps.
N-MASS
= sealer

sealer

[D.J.:ˈsi:lə]

[K.K.:ˈsilɚ]

n.

捕猎海豹者

盖章人; 封口人

sealer

sealer sealers
A sealer is the same as a sealant .
N-MASS

sea level *

sea level
Sea level is the average level of the sea with respect to the land. The height of mountains or other areas is calculated in relation to sea level .

- The stadium was 2275 metres above sea level.

- The whole place is at sea level.

- The melting ice caused a rise in sea level.

N-UNCOUNT also sea-level .

sealing wax

sealing wax
Sealing wax is a hard, usually red, substance that melts quickly and is used for putting seals on documents or letters.
N-UNCOUNT

sea lion

sea lion sea lions
A sea lion is a type of large seal.
N-COUNT also sea-lion .

sealskin

[D.J.:ˈsi:lskin]

[K.K.:ˈsilˌskɪn]

n.

海豹皮

sealskin

sealskin
Sealskin is the fur of a seal, used to make coats and other clothing.

- ...waterproof sealskin boots.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

seam

[D.J.:si:m]

[K.K.:sim]

n.

缝

接口, 接合处

层, 矿层

seam *

1. seam seams
A seam is a line of stitches which joins two pieces of cloth together.
N-COUNT

2. seam seams
A seam of coal is a long, narrow layer of it underneath the ground.

- The average UK coal seam is one metre thick.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. seam
If something is coming apart at the seams or is falling apart at the seams , it is no longer working properly and may soon stop working completely.

- Britain's university system is in danger of falling apart at the seams.

PHR: V inflects

4. seam
If a place is very full, you can say that it is bursting at the seams .

- The hotels of Warsaw, Prague and Budapest were bursting at the seams.

PHR: V inflects

seam

noun

1.

joint

closure

2.

layer

lode

stratum

vein

3.

ridge

furrow

line

wrinkle

seaman

[D.J.:ˈsi:mən]

[K.K.:ˈsimən]

n.

水兵, 水手, 海员

seaman *

seaman seamen
A seaman is a sailor, especially one who is not an officer.

- The men emigrate to work as seamen.

N-COUNT
= sailor

seamanship

[D.J.:ˈsi:mənˌʃɪp]

[K.K.:ˈsimənˌʃɪp]

n.

航海技术,船舶驾驶术,船艺

熟练海员的技术

seamanship

seamanship
Seamanship is skill in managing a boat and controlling its movement through the sea.

- ...the art of seamanship and navigation.

N-UNCOUNT

seamless

[D.J.:ˈsi:mlis]

[K.K.:ˈsimlɪs]

adj.

准确无误的; 完全合乎逻辑的

seamless *

1. seamless
You use seamless to describe something that has no breaks or gaps in it or which continues without stopping.

- It was a seamless procession of wonderful electronic music.

- ...the seamless blue sky.

ADJ

2. seamlessly

- It's a class move, allowing new and old to blend seamlessly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

seamstress

[D.J.:ˈsi:mstrɪs]

[K.K.:ˈsimstrɪs]

n.

女裁缝,做针线活的妇女

seamstress

seamstress seamstresses
A seamstress is a woman who sews and makes clothes as her job. (OLD-FASHIONED)
N-COUNT

seaminess

裂纹现象

seamy

[D.J.:ˈsi:mi:]

[K.K.:ˈsimi]

adj.

丑恶的,污秽的

有线缝的,有裂缝的

the seamy side (of life, etc.)

(生活等的)丑陋的一面，阴暗面

seaminess

n.

seamy

seamy seamier seamiest
If you describe something as seamy , you mean that it involves unpleasant aspects of life such as crime, sex, or violence.

- Hamburg's seamy St Pauli's district.

- ...the seamier side of life.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= sordid

seance

[D.J.:ˈseɪɔŋs]

n.

(招魂术士搞的) 降神会

seance

seance seances
A seance is a meeting in which people try to make contact with people who have died.
N-COUNT also s´eance

seaplane

[D.J.:ˈsi:ˌpleɪn]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌplen]

n.

水上飞机

seaplane

seaplane seaplanes
A seaplane is a type of aeroplane that can take off from or land on water.
N-COUNT

seaport

[D.J.:ˈsi:ˌpɔ:t, -ˌpəʊrt]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌpɔrt, -ˌport]

n.

海港

seaport

seaport seaports
A seaport is a town with a large harbour that is used by ships.

- The Baltic seaport of Rostock.

N-COUNT

sea power

1. sea power
Sea power is the size and strength of a country's navy.

- The transformation of American sea power began in 1940.

N-UNCOUNT

2. sea power sea powers
A sea power is a country that has a large navy.
N-COUNT

sear

[D.J.:sɪə]

[K.K.:sɪr]

vt.

烧焦

searing

[D.J.:ˈsɪɵrɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsɪrɪŋ]

adj.

烧灼的；灼热的，炽热的;引起或描写强烈情感的

sear

1. sear sears searing seared
To sear something means to burn its surface with a sudden intense heat.

- Grass fires have seared the land near the farming village of Basekhai.

VB

2. sear sears searing seared
If something sears a part of your body, it causes a painful burning feeling there. (LITERARY)

- I distinctly felt the heat start to sear my throat.

VB

searing *

1. searing
Searing is used to indicate that something such as pain or heat is very intense.

- She woke to feel a searing pain in her feet.

- ...the searing heat of the Saudi Arabian desert.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. searing
A searing speech or piece of writing is very critical.

- The British civil service has long been subject to searing criticism.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

sear

verb

scorch

burn

sizzle

search

[D.J.:sə:tʃ]

[K.K.:sɚtʃ]

n.

搜索, 寻找, 探查

vt. & vi.

找寻

搜查; 搜索; 探查

searching

[D.J.:ˌsɜ:tʃɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˌsə..tʃɪŋ]

adj.

锐利的,穿透的;急于发现真情的

n.

搜寻；搜索；检查

searchingly

adv.

锐利地

search ****

1. search searches searching searched
If you search for something or someone, you look carefully for them.

- The Turkish security forces have started searching for the missing men.

- They searched for a spot where they could sit on the floor.

- Nonetheless there are signs that both sides may be searching for a compromise.

VB

2. search searches searching searched
If you search a place, you look carefully for something or someone there.

- Armed troops searched the hospital yesterday.

- She searched her desk for the necessary information.

- Relief workers are still searching through collapsed buildings looking for victims.

VB

3. search searches
A search is an attempt to find something or someone by looking for them carefully.

- There was no chance of him being found alive and the search was abandoned.

- Egypt has said there is no time to lose in the search for a Middle East settlement.

N-COUNT: oft N for n

4. search searches searching searched
If a police officer or someone else in authority searches you, they look carefully to see whether you have something hidden on you.

- The man took her suitcase from her and then searched her.

- His first task was to search them for weapons.

VB

5. search
If you go in search of something or someone, you try to find them.

- Miserable, and unexpectedly lonely, she went in search of Jean-Paul.

- The law already denies entry to people in search of better economic opportunities.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n

6. search
You say ` search me ' when someone asks you a question and you want to emphasize that you do not know the answer. (INFORMAL)

- `So why did he get interested all of a sudden?' --- `Search me.'

CONVENTION emphasis
= no idea

searching

searching
A searching question or look is intended to discover the truth about something.

- They asked her some searching questions on moral philosophy and logic.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
See also soul-searching .

search

verb

1.

look

comb

examine

explore

hunt

inspect

investigate

ransack

scour

scrutinize

noun

2.

look

examination

exploration

hunt

inspection

investigation

pursuit

quest

searching

adjective

keen

close

intent

penetrating

piercing

probing

quizzical

sharp

search out ****

search out searches out; searching out; searched out
If you search something out , you keep looking for it until you find it.

- Traditional Spanish food is delicious and its specialities are worth searching out.

- Many people want jobs. They try to search them out every day.

PHR-V
= seek out

search engine

search engine search engines
A search engine is a computer program that searches for documents containing a particular word or words on the Internet.
N-COUNT

searcher

[ˈsə:tʃə]

n.

搜索者,检查官

searcher

1. searcher searchers
Searchers are people who are looking for someone or something that is missing.

- In Oregon, searchers have found three mountain climbers missing since Saturday on Mount Hood.

N-COUNT: usu pl

2. searcher searchers
A searcher is someone who is trying to find something such as the truth or the answer to a problem.

- He's not a real searcher after truth.

N-COUNT: oft N after/for n
= seeker

searchlight

[D.J.:ˈsɜ:tʃˌlaɪt]

[K.K.:ˈsə..tʃˌlaɪt]

n.

探照灯

searchlight

searchlight searchlights
A searchlight is a large powerful light that can be turned to shine a long way in any direction.
N-COUNT

search party

search party search parties
A search party is an organized group of people who are searching for someone who is missing.
N-COUNT

search warrant

search warrant search warrants
A search warrant is a special document that gives the police permission to search a house or other building.

- Officers armed with a search warrant entered the flat.

N-COUNT

seascape

[D.J.:ˈsi:ˌskeɪp]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌskep]

n.

海景画

seascape

seascape seascapes
A seascape is a painting or photograph of a scene at sea.
N-COUNT

seashell

[D.J.:ˈsi:ˌʃel]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌʃɛl]

n.

海中软体动物的壳, 贝壳

seashell

seashell seashells
Seashells are the empty shells of small sea creatures.
N-COUNT: usu pl also sea shell .
= shell

seashore

[D.J.:ˈsi:ˌʃɔ:, -ˌʃəʊr]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌʃɔr, -ˌʃor]

n.

海岸, 海滨

seashore

seashore seashores
The seashore is the part of a coast where the land slopes down into the sea.

- She takes her inspiration from shells and stones she finds on the seashore.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing
= beach

seasick

[D.J.:ˈsi:ˌsik]

adj.

晕船的

seasickness

[D.J.:ˈsi:ˌsiknis]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌsɪknɪs]

n.

晕船

seasick

1. seasick
If someone is seasick when they are travelling in a boat, they vomit or feel sick because of the way the boat is moving.

- It was quite rough at times, and she was seasick.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

2. seasickness

- He was very prone to seasickness and already felt queasy.

N-UNCOUNT

seaside

[D.J.:ˈsi:ˌsaɪd]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌsaɪd]

n.

海滨, 海边

seaside *

seaside
You can refer to an area that is close to the sea, especially one where people go for their holidays, as the seaside .

- I went to spend a few days at the seaside.

- The town was Redcar, a seaside resort on the Cleveland coast.

N-SING: the N, N n

season

[D.J.:ˈsi:zən]

[K.K.:ˈsizən]

n.

季(节)

时期; 活动期, 季

vt.

使适应; 使适用

调味

vt. & vi.

(使)变干燥

seasoned

[D.J.:ˈsi:zɵnd]

adj.

调过味的

成熟的;老练的

seasoning

[D.J.:ˈsi:zənɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsizənɪŋ]

n.

调味品, 佐料

season *****

1. season seasons
The seasons are the main periods into which a year can be divided and which each have their own typical weather conditions.

- Autumn's my favourite season.

- ...the only region of Brazil where all four seasons are clearly defined.

- ...the rainy season.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= experienced

2. season seasons
You can use season to refer to the period during each year when a particular activity or event takes place. For example, the planting season is the period when a particular plant or crop is planted.

- ...birds arriving for the breeding season...

- For law students, autumn brings the recruiting season.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the -ing N

3. season seasons
You can use season to refer to the period when a particular fruit, vegetable, or other food is ready for eating and is widely available.

- The plum season is about to begin.

- Now British asparagus is in season.

N-COUNT: n N, also in/out of N

4. season seasons
You can use season to refer to a fixed period during each year when a particular sport is played.

- ...the baseball season...

- It is his first race this season.

N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp

5. season seasons
A season is a period in which a play or show, or a series of plays or shows, is performed in one place.

- ...a season of three new plays.

- ...the Royal Ballet's summer season.

N-COUNT: with supp

6. season seasons
A season of films is several of them shown as a series because they are connected in some way.

- ...a brief season of films in which Artaud appeared.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp

7. season seasons
The holiday or vacation season is the time when most people have their holiday.

- ...the peak holiday season...

- There are discos and clubs but these are often closed out of season.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu supp N, also in/out of N

8. season seasons seasoning seasoned
If you season food with salt, pepper, or spices, you add them to it in order to improve its flavour.

- Season the meat with salt and pepper.

- I believe in seasoning food before putting it on the table.

VB

9. season seasons seasoning seasoned
If wood is seasoned , it is made suitable for making into furniture or for burning, usually by being allowed to dry out gradually.

- Ensure that new wood has been seasoned.

VB: usu passive

10. season
If a female animal is in season , she is in a state where she is ready to have sex.
PHR: usu v-link PHR

seasoned *

seasoned
You can use the word seasoned to describe a person who has a lot of experience of something. For example, a seasoned traveller is a person who has travelled a lot.

- The author is a seasoned academic.

- He began acting with the confidence of a seasoned performer.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

seasoning *

seasoning seasonings
Seasoning is salt, pepper, or other spices that are added to food to improve its flavour.

- Mix the meat with the onion, carrot, and some seasoning.

- ...seasonings such as coriander, chives and ginger.

N-MASS

season

noun

1.

period

spell

term

time

verb

2.

flavour

enliven

pep up

salt

spice

seasoned

adjective

experienced

hardened

practised

time-served

veteran

seasoning

noun

flavouring

condiment

dressing

relish

salt and pepper

sauce

spice

seasonal

[D.J.:ˈsi:zənəl]

[K.K.:ˈsizənəl]

adj.

季节的,季节性的,随季节变化的

seasonal **

1. seasonal
A seasonal factor, event, or change occurs during one particular time of the year.

- ...blaming seasonal factors for the unemployment increase in the west...

- Seasonal variations need to be taken into account.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. seasonally

- The seasonally adjusted unemployment figures show a rise of twelve-hundred.

ADV: usu ADV -ed

seasonal affective disorder

seasonal affective disorder
Seasonal affective disorder is a feeling of tiredness and sadness that some people have during the autumn and winter when there is very little sunshine. The abbreviation SAD is often used.
N-UNCOUNT

season ticket *

season ticket season tickets
A season ticket is a ticket that you can use repeatedly during a certain period, without having to pay each time. You can buy season tickets for things such as buses, trains, regular sporting events, or theatre performances.

- We went to renew our monthly season ticket.

N-COUNT
= pass

seat

[D.J.:si:t]

[K.K.:sit]

n.

坐席, 座位

所在地, 场所; 中心

席位, 职位

vt.

使就座

使就职

可容纳若干座位

seated

[D.J.:ˈsi:tɪd]

[K.K.:ˈsitɪd]

adj.

就座的;固定的;有…座位的

根深蒂固的

seating

[D.J.:ˈsi:tɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsitɪŋ]

n.

提供座位

seat ****

1. seat seats
A seat is an object that you can sit on, for example a chair.

- Stephen returned to his seat.

- Ann could remember sitting in the back seat of their car.

N-COUNT

2. seat seats
The seat of a chair is the part that you sit on.

- The stool had a torn, red plastic seat.

N-COUNT

3. seat seats seating seated
If you seat yourself somewhere, you sit down. (WRITTEN)

- He waved towards a chair, and seated himself at the desk.

- ...a portrait of one of his favourite models seated on an elegant sofa.

VB

4. seat seats seating seated
A building or vehicle that seats a particular number of people has enough seats for that number.

- The Theatre seats 570.

VB

5. seat
The seat of a piece of clothing is the part that covers your bottom.

- Then he got up, brushed off the seat of his jeans, and headed slowly down the slope.

N-SING: usu the N of n

6. seat seats
When someone is elected to a parliament, congress, or senate, you can say that they, or their party, have won a seat .

- Independent candidates won the majority of seats on the local council.

- ...a Maryland Republican who lost his seat.

N-COUNT

7. seat seats
If someone has a seat on the board of a company or on a committee, they are a member of it.

- He has been unsuccessful in his attempt to win a seat on the board of the company.

N-COUNT

8. seat seats
The seat of an organization, a wealthy family, or an activity is its base.

- Gunfire broke out early this morning around the seat of government in Lagos.

- ...Weston Park, family seat of the Earl of Bradford.

N-COUNT: with supp

9. seat
If you take a back seat , you allow other people to have all the power and to make all the decisions.

- You need to take a back seat and think about both past and future.

- This is a country where women usually take a back seat.

PHR: V inflects

10. seat
If you take a seat , you sit down. (FORMAL)

- `Take a seat,' he said in a bored tone.

- Rachel smiled at him as they took their seats on opposite sides of the table.

PHR: V and N inflect
= sit down

seating *

1. seating
You can refer to the seats in a place as the seating .

- The stadium has been fitted with seating for over eighty thousand spectators.

N-UNCOUNT

2. seating
The seating at a public place or a formal occasion is the arrangement of where people will sit.

- She made a mental note to check the seating arrangements before the guests filed into the dining-room.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

seat

noun

1.

chair

bench

pew

settle

stall

stool

2.

centre

capital

heart

hub

place

site

situation

source

3.

residence

abode

ancestral hall

house

mansion

4.

membership

chair

constituency

incumbency

place

verb

5.

sit

fix

install

locate

place

set

settle

6.

hold

accommodate

cater for

contain

sit

take

seating

noun

accommodation

chairs

places

room

seats

seat belt *

seat belt seat belts
A seat belt is a strap attached to a seat in a car or an aircraft. You fasten it across your body in order to prevent yourself being thrown out of the seat if there is a sudden movement.

- The fact I was wearing a seat belt saved my life.

N-COUNT also seatbelt .
= safety belt

-seater

-seater
-seater combines with numbers to form adjectives and nouns which indicate how many people something such as a car has seats for.

- ...a two-seater sports car.

- ...a three-seater sofa...

- The plane is an eight-seater with twin propellers.

COMB in ADJ and N-COUNT
See also all-seater .

seat of learning

seat of learning seats of learning
People sometimes refer to a university or a similar institution as a seat of learning . (WRITTEN)

- ...one department of that great seat of learning.

N-COUNT

sea turtle

sea turtle sea turtles
A sea turtle is a large reptile which has a thick shell covering its body and which lives in the sea most of the time. (AM; in BRIT use turtle )
N-COUNT

sea urchin

sea urchin sea urchins
A sea urchin is a small round sea creature that has a hard shell covered with sharp points.
N-COUNT

sea wall

sea wall sea walls
A sea wall is a wall built along the edge of the sea to stop the sea flowing over the land or destroying it.

- Cherbourg had a splendid harbour enclosed by a long sea wall.

N-COUNT

seaward

[D.J.:ˈsi:wəd]

[K.K.:ˈsiwəd]

adj.

朝海的,海那一边的

adv.

向海,向海那一边

seaward

1. seaward
Something that moves or faces seaward or seawards moves or faces in the direction of the sea or further out to sea.

- A barge was about a hundred yards away, waiting to return seaward.

- It faced seawards to the north.

ADV: ADV after v The form seawards can also be used
≠ inland

2. seaward
The seaward side of something faces in the direction of the sea or further out to sea.

- The houses on the seaward side of the road were all in ruins.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

sea water *

sea water
Sea water is salt water from the sea.
N-UNCOUNT also seawater .

seaweed

[D.J.:ˈsi:ˌwi:d]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌwid]

n.

海草,海藻

seaweed *

seaweed seaweeds
Seaweed is a plant that grows in the sea. There are many kinds of seaweed.

- ...seaweed washed up on a beach.

N-MASS

seaworthiness

[ˈsi:wə:ðinis]

n.

适于航海,适航行

seaworthy

[D.J.:ˈsi:ˌwɜ:ði:]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌwə..ði]

adj.

(尤指船舶)适航的

seaworthiness

n.

seaworthy

1. seaworthy
A ship or boat which is seaworthy is fit to travel at sea.

- The ship was completely seaworthy.

- ...a seaworthy boat.

ADJ-GRADED

2. seaworthiness

- It didn't reach required standards of safety and seaworthiness.

N-UNCOUNT

sebum

[D.J.:ˈsi:bəm]

[K.K.:ˈsibəm]

n.

皮脂

sebum

sebum
Sebum is an oily substance produced by glands in your skin.
N-UNCOUNT

sec

[D.J.:sek;sɛk]

[K.K.:sɛk]

n.

秒

adj.

〈法〉干的;略具甜味的,(香槟酒)含糖量为3-5％的,淡的

sec.

abbr.

second 秒

sec.

abbr.

second 秒

secs.

abbr.

seconds 秒

secs.

abbr.

seconds 秒

sec

sec secs
If you ask someone to wait a sec , you are asking them to wait for a very short time. (INFORMAL)

- Can you just hang on a sec?.

- Be with you in a sec.

N-COUNT: usu a N in sing
= tick mo

sec.

1. sec.
Sec. is a written abbreviation for second or seconds .

- The first woman to finish was Grete Waitz of Norway, with a time of 2 hrs, 29 min., 30 sec.

= second

2. sec.
Sec. is a written abbreviation for Secretary , especially when it is used as part of a person's title.

- Details are available from the Hon. Sec. A.R. Bushby.

= Secretary

secateurs

[D.J.:ˌsekəˈtɜ:z]

n.

整枝剪,修枝剪

secateurs

secateurs
Secateurs are a gardening tool that look like a pair of strong, heavy scissors. Secateurs are used for cutting the stems of plants. (BRIT; in AM use pruning shears )
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

secede

[D.J.:sɪˈsi:d]

[K.K.:sɪˈsid]

vt.

脱离,退出

secede *

secede secedes seceding seceded
If a region or group secedes from the country or larger group to which it belongs, it formally becomes a separate country or stops being a member of the larger group.

- Singapore seceded from the Federation of Malaysia and became an independent sovereign state.

- On 20 August 1960 Senegal seceded.

VB

secede

verb

withdraw

break with

leave

pull out

quit

resign

split from

secession

[D.J.:sɪˈseʃən]

[K.K.:sɪˈsɛʃən]

n.

退出,脱离

secession *

secession
The secession of a region or group from the country or larger group to which it belongs is the action of formally becoming separate.

- ...the Ukraine's secession from the Soviet Union.

N-UNCOUNT

secessionist

[siˈseʃənist]

n.

脱离论者,分离论者

secessionist *

secessionist secessionists
Secessionists are people who want their region or group to become separate from the country or larger group to which it belongs.

- ...Lithuanian secessionists...

- The government is trying to crush a secessionist movement.

N-COUNT: usu pl, N n

secluded

[D.J.:sɪˈklu:dɪd]

[K.K.:sɪˈkludɪd]

adj.

使隔绝的,使引退的,使隐居的

secludedly

adv.

隔绝地,隐居地

secludedness

n.

隔绝,隐居

secluded *

secluded
A secluded place is quiet and private.

- We were tucked away in a secluded corner of the room.

- We found a secluded beach a few miles further on.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

secluded

adjective

private

cloistered

cut off

isolated

lonely

out-of-the-way

sheltered

solitary

seclusion

[D.J.:sɪˈklu:ʒən]

[K.K.:sɪˈkluʒən]

n.

隔绝,隔离,隐居

seclusion

seclusion
If you are living in seclusion , you are in a quiet place away from other people.

- She lived in seclusion with her husband on their farm in Panama.

- They love the seclusion of their garden.

N-UNCOUNT

seclusion

noun

privacy

isolation

shelter

solitude

second

[D.J.:ˈsekənd]

[K.K.:ˈsɛkənd]

n.

第二名; 第二类

第二份食物

助手, 助理

秒

瞬间, 一会儿

pron.

第二(个人或事物)

num.

第二

adj.

次等的, 次要的

adv.

其次, 以第二位

vt.

支持

赞成某提案

seconder

[ˈsekəndə]

n.

后援者,附议者

seconds

二等品;二级面砖

second 1 part of a minute *****

second seconds
A second is one of the sixty parts that a minute is divided into. People often say ` a second ' or ` seconds ' when they simply mean a very short time.

- For a few seconds nobody said anything.

- It only takes forty seconds.

- Her orbital speed must be a few hundred meters per second.

- Within seconds the other soldiers began firing too.

- Seconds later, firemen reached his door.

N-COUNT

second 2 coming after something else *****

1. second
The second item in a series is the one that you count as number two.

- ...the second day of his visit to Delhi.

- ...their second child...

- My son just got married for the second time.

- ...the Second World War...

- She was the second of nine children.

- ...King Charles the Second...

- Britain came second in the Prix St Georges Derby.

ORD

2. second
Second is used before superlative adjectives to indicate that there is only one thing better or larger than the thing you are referring to.

- The party is still the second strongest in Italy.

- ...the second-largest city in the United States.

ORD: ORD adj-superl

3. second
You say second when you want to make a second point or give a second reason for something.

- First, the weapons should be intended for use only in retaliation after a nuclear attack. Second, the possession of the weapons must be a temporary expedient.

ADV: ADV cl

4. second seconds
In Britain, an upper second is a good honours degree and a lower second is an average honours degree.

- I then went up to Lancaster University and got an upper second.

N-COUNT

5. second seconds
If you have seconds , you have a second helping of food. (INFORMAL)

- There's seconds if you want them.

N-PLURAL

6. second seconds
Seconds are goods that are sold cheaply in shops because they have slight faults.

- It's a new shop selling discounted lines and seconds.

N-COUNT: usu pl

7. second seconds
The seconds of someone who is taking part in a boxing match or chess tournament are the people who assist and encourage them.

- He shouted to his seconds, `I did it! I did it!'

N-COUNT: usu pl

8. second seconds seconding seconded
If you second a proposal in a meeting or debate, you formally express your agreement with it so that it can then be discussed or voted on.

- ...Bryan Sutton, who seconded the motion against fox hunting...

- Your application must be proposed and seconded by current members.

VB

9. seconder seconders

- Candidates need a proposer and seconder whose names are kept secret.

N-COUNT

10. second seconds seconding seconded
If you second what someone has said, you say that you agree with them or say the same thing yourself.

- The Prime Minister seconded the call for discipline and austerity in a speech to the assembly last week.

VB

11. second
If you experience something at second hand , you are told about it by other people rather than experiencing it yourself.

- Most of them, after all, had not been at the battle and had only heard of the massacre at second hand.

PHR: PHR after v
See also second-hand .

12. second
If you say that something is second to none , you are emphasizing that it is very good indeed or the best that there is.

- Our scientific research is second to none.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

13. second
If you say that something is second only to something else , you mean that only that thing is better or greater than it.

- As a major health risk hepatitis is second only to tobacco.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

second 3 sending someone to do a job

second seconds seconding seconded
If you are seconded somewhere, you are sent there temporarily by your employer in order to do special duties. (BRIT)

- In 1937 he was seconded to the Royal Canadian Air Force in Ottawa as air armament adviser.

- Several hundred soldiers have been seconded to help farmers.

VB: usu passive

second

adjective

1.

next

following

subsequent

succeeding

2.

additional

alternative

extra

further

other

3.

inferior

lesser

lower

secondary

subordinate

noun

4.

supporter

assistant

backer

helper

verb

5.

support

approve

assist

back

endorse

go along with

second

noun

moment

flash

instant

jiffy informal

minute

sec informal

trice

secondary

[D.J.:ˈsekəndəri]

[K.K.:ˈsɛkənˌdɛri]

adj.

次要的, 次等的

中级的, 第二的

secondary **

1. secondary
If you describe something as secondary , you mean that it is less important than something else.

- The street erupted in a huge explosion, with secondary explosions in the adjoining buildings.

- They argue that human rights considerations are now of only secondary importance.

- The actual damage to the brain cells is secondary to the damage caused to the blood supply.

ADJ: usu ADJ n, also v-link ADJ to n

2. secondary
Secondary diseases or infections happen as a result of another disease or infection that has already happened.

- These patients had been operated on for the primary cancer but there was evidence of secondary tumours.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. secondary
Secondary education is given to pupils between the ages of 11 or 12 and 17 or 18.

- Examinations for the GCSE are taken after about five years of secondary education.

ADJ

secondary

adjective

1.

subordinate

inferior

lesser

lower

minor

unimportant

2.

resultant

contingent

derived

indirect

3.

backup

auxiliary

fall-back

reserve

subsidiary

supporting

secondary modern

secondary modern secondary moderns
Secondary moderns were schools which existed until recently in Britain for children aged between about eleven and sixteen, where more attention was paid to practical skills and less to academic study than in a grammar school.
N-COUNT

secondary school *

secondary school secondary schools
A secondary school is a school for pupils between the ages of 11 or 12 and 17 or 18.

- She taught history at a secondary school.

- One in four pupils leaving secondary school can't read or write properly.

N-VAR

second best *

1. second best
Second best is used to describe something that is not as good as the best thing of its kind but is better than all the other things of that kind.

- He put on his second best suit.

- We polished and wore our second-best boots.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also second-best .

2. second best
You can use second best to describe something that you have to accept even though you would have preferred something else.

- ...a messy, second-best solution...

- He refused to settle for anything that was second best.

ADJ also second-best .

3. second best
Also a noun.

- Oatmeal is a good second best.

N-SING also second-best .

second chamber

second chamber
The second chamber is one of the two groups that a parliament is divided into. In Britain, the second chamber is the House of Lords. In the United States, the second chamber can be either the Senate or the House of Representatives.
N-SING

second childhood

second childhood
If you say that an old person is in their second childhood , you mean that their mind is becoming weaker and that their behaviour is similar to that of a young child.

- ...his rapid descent into a second childhood.

N-SING

second-class

[D.J.:ˈsekəndklɑ:s]

[K.K.:ˈsɛkəndˈklæs]

n.

二等舱; 二等车厢

adj.

二等的

second-class *

1. second-class
If someone treats you as a second-class citizen, they treat you as if you are less valuable and less important than other people.

- Too many airlines treat our children as second-class citizens.

ADJ: ADJ n also second class .

2. second-class
If you describe something as second-class , you mean that it is of poor quality.

- I am not prepared to see children in some parts of this country having to settle for a second-class education.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also second class .
= second-rate mediocre

3. second-class
The second-class accommodation on a train or ship is the ordinary accommodation, which is cheaper and less comfortable than the first-class accommodation.

- He sat in the corner of a second-class carriage.

- Seven second-class passengers prepared to disembark.

- ...a second-class ticket.

ADJ: ADJ n also second class .

4. second-class
Also an adverb.

- I recently travelled second class from Pisa to Ventimiglia.

ADV: ADV after v also second class .

5. second-class
Second-class is second-class accommodation on a train or ship.

- In second class the fare is £85 one-way.

N-UNCOUNT also second class .

6. second-class
In Britain, second-class postage is the slower and cheaper type of postage. In the United States, second-class postage is the type of postage that is used for sending newspapers and magazines.

- ...a second-class stamp.

- ...second class letters.

ADJ: ADJ n also second class .

7. second-class
Also an adverb.

- They're going to send it second class.

ADV: ADV after v also second class .

8. second-class
In Britain, a second-class degree is a good university degree, but not as good as a first-class degree.

- A second-class honours degree is the minimum requirement.

ADJ: ADJ n also second class .

second-class

adjective

inferior

indifferent

mediocre

second-best

second-rate

undistinguished

uninspiring

second coming

second coming
When Christians refer to the second coming , they mean the expected return to earth of Jesus Christ.
N-SING: the N

second cousin

second cousin second cousins
Your second cousins are the children of your parents' first cousins. Compare first cousin .
N-COUNT

second-degree

adj.

二等的,二级的;第二等的

second-degree

1. second-degree
In the United States, second-degree is used to describe crimes that are considered to be less serious than first-degree crimes.

- The judge reduced the charge to second-degree murder.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. second-degree
A second-degree burn is more severe than a first-degree burn but less severe than a third-degree burn.

- James Bell suffered second-degree burns in an explosion.

ADJ: ADJ n

second-guess

[D.J.:ˌsekəndˈges]

[K.K.:ˌsɛkəndˈɡɛs]

v.

事后劝告,预言

second-guess

second-guess second-guesses second-guessing second-guessed
If you try to second-guess something, you try to guess in advance what someone will do or what will happen.

- Editors and contributors are trying to second-guess the future.

VB

second-hand

[ˈsekəndˈhænd]

adj.

旧的; 用过的; 二手的

(消息、信息等)间接得来的; 二手的

second-hand *

1. second-hand
Second-hand things are not new and have been owned by someone else.

- Buying a second-hand car can be a risky business.

- ...a stack of second-hand books.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
≠ brand-new

2. second-hand
Also an adverb.

- Far more boats are bought second-hand than are bought brand new.

ADV: ADV after v

3. second-hand
A second-hand shop sells second-hand goods.
ADJ: ADJ n

4. second-hand
Second-hand stories, information, or opinions are those you learn about from other people rather than directly or from your own experience.

- He conceded that second-hand accounts are leading to rumour and counter-rumour.

- The denunciation was made on the basis of second-hand information.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
at second hand : see second .

second-hand

adjective

1.

used

hand-me-down informal

nearly new

adverb

2.

indirectly

second-in-command

n.

(尤指军队的)副司令员，副指挥员；第二把手

second-in-command

second-in-command
A second-in-command is someone who is next in rank to the leader of a group, and who has authority to give orders when the leader is not there.

- He was posted to Hong Kong as second-in-command of C Squadron.

- The President was replaced by his second-in-command.

N-SING also second in command .

second language

second language second languages
Someone's second language is a language which is not their native language but which they use at work or at school.

- Lucy teaches English as a second language.

- French remained her second language for the rest of her life.

N-COUNT

second lieutenant

1. second lieutenant second lieutenants
A second lieutenant is an officer in the army who ranks directly below a lieutenant. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. A second lieutenant is an officer in the army, air force, or marines who ranks directly below a first lieutenant. (AM)

secondly

[D.J.:ˈsekəndli:]

[K.K.:ˈsɛkəndli]

adv.

第二,其次

secondly **

secondly
You say secondly when you want to make a second point or give a second reason for something.

- The problems were numerous. Firstly, I didn't know exactly when I was going to America; secondly, who was going to look after Doran and Lili?

ADV: ADV with cl (not last in cl)

secondly

adverb

next

in the second place

second

secondment

[siˈkɔndmənt]

n.

暂借,借调

secondment

secondment secondments
Someone who is on secondment from their normal employer has been sent somewhere else temporarily in order to do special duties. (BRIT)

- We have two full-time secretaries, one of whom is on secondment from the Royal Navy.

N-VAR: oft on N, N from/to n

second name

second name second names
Someone's second name is their family name, or the name that comes after their first name and before their family name.
N-COUNT

second opinion

second opinion second opinions
If you get a second opinion , you ask another qualified person for their opinion about something such as your health.

- I would like to see a specialist for a second opinion on my doctor's diagnosis.

N-COUNT

second person

second person
A statement in the second person is a statement about the person or people you are talking to. The subject of a statement like this is `you'.
N-SING: the N

second-rate

[D.J.:ˈsekəndreit]

[K.K.:ˌsɛkəndˈret]

adj.

第二流的, 二等的, 次等的, 平庸的

second-rate *

second-rate
If you describe something as second-rate , you mean that it is of poor quality.

- ...second-rate restaurants.

- ...another second-rate politician.

ADJ-GRADED
= second-class mediocre

second-rate

adjective

inferior

low-grade

low-quality

mediocre

poor

rubbishy

shoddy

substandard

tacky informal

tawdry

two-bit U.S. & Canad. slang

second sight

second sight
If you say that someone has second sight , you mean that they seem to have the ability to know or see things that are going to happen in the future, or are happening in a different place.
N-UNCOUNT

second string

second string
If you describe a person or thing as someone's second string , you mean that they are only used if another person or thing is not available.

- ...a second string team.

- ...her second-string horse.

N-SING: oft N n also second-string .

second thought *

1. second thought
If you do something without a second thought , you do it without thinking about it carefully, usually because you do not have enough time or you do not care very much.

- This murderous lunatic could kill them both without a second thought.

- Roberto didn't give a second thought to borrowing $2,000 from him.

N-SING: with brd-neg, a N

2. second thought second thoughts
If you have second thoughts about a decision that you have made, you begin to doubt whether it was the best thing to do.

- I had never had second thoughts about my decision to leave the company.

N-PLURAL: oft N about n

3. second thought
You can say on second thoughts or on second thought when you suddenly change your mind about something that you are saying or something that you have decided to do.

- `Wait there!' Kathryn rose. `No, on second thought, follow me.'

PHR: PHR with cl

second wind

second wind
When you get your second wind , you become able to continue doing something difficult or energetic after you have been tired or out of breath.

- Finding a second wind, he rode away from his pursuers.

N-SING

Second World War **

Second World War
The Second World War is the major war that was fought between 1939 and 1945.
N-PROPER: the N

secrecy

[D.J.:ˈsi:krɪsi:]

[K.K.:ˈsikrɪsi]

n.

守秘密, 保密

秘密(状态)

swear sb to secrecy

使某人发誓保守秘密

secrecy **

secrecy
Secrecy is the act of keeping something secret, or the state of being kept secret.

- The British government has thrown a blanket of secrecy over the details.

- He shrouds his business dealings in secrecy.

N-UNCOUNT: oft prep N

secrecy

noun

1.

mystery

concealment

confidentiality

privacy

silence

2.

secretiveness

clandestineness

covertness

furtiveness

stealth

secret

[ˈsi:krit]

n.

秘密, 机密

adj.

秘密的, 机密的

secretly

[D.J.:ˈsi:krɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈsikrɪtlɪ]

adv.

秘密地;背地里

secret ****

1. secret
If something is secret , it is known about by only a small number of people, and is not told or shown to anyone else.

- Soldiers have been training at a secret location.

- The police have been trying to keep the documents secret.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n, v n ADJ, v-link ADJ
See also top secret .

2. secretly

- He wore a hidden microphone to secretly tape-record conversations.

- ...secretly organised events.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj/n

3. secret secrets
A secret is a fact that is known by only a small number of people, and is not told to anyone else.

- I think he enjoyed keeping our love a secret.

- I didn't want anyone to know about it, it was my secret.

N-COUNT

4. secret
If you say that a particular way of doing things is the secret of achieving something, you mean that it is the best or only way to achieve it.

- The secret of success is honesty and fair dealing.

- I learned something about writing. The secret is to say less than you need.

N-SING: the N, oft the N of n

5. secret secrets
Something's secrets are the things about it which have never been fully explained.

- We have an opportunity now to really unlock the secrets of the universe.

- The past is riddled with deep dark secrets.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft with poss

6. secret
If you do something in secret , you do it without anyone else knowing.

- Dan found out that I had been meeting my ex-boyfriend in secret.

PHR: PHR after v

7. secret
If you say that someone can keep a secret , you mean that they can be trusted not to tell other people a secret that you have told them.

- Tom was utterly indiscreet, and could never keep a secret.

PHR: V inflects

8. secret
If you make no secret of something, you tell others about it openly and clearly.

- His wife made no secret of her hatred for the formal occasions.

- Ministers are making no secret about their wish to buy American weapons.

PHR: V inflects, PHR of n

secret

adjective

1.

concealed

close

disguised

furtive

hidden

undercover

underground

undisclosed

unknown

unrevealed

2.

stealthy

secretive

sly

underhand

3.

mysterious

abstruse

arcane

clandestine

cryptic

occult

noun

4.

mystery

code

enigma

key

in secret

5.

secretly

slyly

surreptitiously

secretly

adverb

in secret

clandestinely

covertly

furtively

privately

quietly

stealthily

surreptitiously

secret agent

secret agent secret agents
A secret agent is a person who is employed by a government to find out the secrets of other governments.
N-COUNT
= spy

secretarial

[D.J.:ˌsekrəˈteərɪəl]

adj.

秘书的, 书记的

secretarial *

secretarial
Secretarial work is the work done by a secretary in an office.

- I was doing temporary secretarial work.

- She did a secretarial course.

ADJ: ADJ n

secretariat

[D.J.:ˌsekrɪˈteəri:ɪt]

[K.K.:ˌsɛkrɪˈtɛriɪt]

n.

秘书处, 书记处

secretariat *

secretariat secretariats
A secretariat is a department that is responsible for the administration of an international political organization.

- ...the UN secretariat.

N-COUNT

secretary

[D.J.:ˈsekrətəri]

[K.K.:ˈsɛkrɪˌtɛri]

n.

秘书

书记

部长, 大臣

secretary *****

1. secretary secretaries
A secretary is a person who is employed to do office work, such as typing letters, answering phone calls, and arranging meetings.
N-COUNT

2. secretary secretaries
The secretary of an organization such as a trade union, a political party, or a club is its official manager. (BRIT)

- My grandfather was secretary of the Scottish Miners' Union.

N-COUNT

3. secretary secretaries
The secretary of a company is the person who has the legal duty of keeping the company's records.
N-COUNT

4. secretary secretaries
Secretary is used in the titles of ministers and officials who are in charge of main government departments.

- ...the British Foreign Secretary.

- ...Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing; N-TITLE

secretary-general

[D.J.:ˈsekrətəriˈdʒenərəl]

[K.K.:ˌsɛkrɪˌtɛriˈdʒɛnərəl]

n.

秘书长,总书记

secretary-general ***

secretary-general secretaries-general
The secretary-general of an international political organization is the person in charge of its administration.

- ...the United Nations Secretary-General.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing also Secretary General .

Secretary of State ***

1. Secretary of State Secretaries of State
In the United States, the Secretary of State is the head of the government department which deals with foreign affairs.
N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

2. Secretary of State Secretaries of State
In Britain, the Secretary of State for a particular government department is the head of that department.

- ...the Secretary of State for Education.

N-COUNT: usu the N in sing

secrete

[D.J.:sɪˈkri:t]

[K.K.:sɪˈkrit]

vt.

(尤指动物或植物器官)分泌

隐匿;隐藏

secrete *

1. secrete secretes secreting secreted
If part of a plant, animal, or human secretes a liquid, it produces it.

- The sweat glands secrete water.

VB

2. secrete secretes secreting secreted
If you secrete something somewhere, you hide it there so that nobody will find it. (LITERARY)

- She secreted the gun in the kitchen cabinet.

VB
= hide

secrete

verb

give off

emanate

emit

exude

secrete

verb

hide

cache

conceal

harbour

stash informal

stow

secretion

[D.J.:sɪˈkri:ʃən]

[K.K.:sɪˈkriʃən]

n.

分泌(物)

secretion *

1. secretion
Secretion is the process by which certain liquid substances are produced by parts of plants or from the bodies of people or animals.

- ...the secretion of adrenaline.

- ...insulin secretion.

N-UNCOUNT

2. secretion secretions
Secretions are liquid substances produced by parts of plants or bodies.

- ...gastric secretions.

N-PLURAL

secretive

[D.J.:ˈsi:krɪtɪv, sɪˈkri:tɪv]

[K.K.:ˈsikrɪtɪv, sɪˈkritɪv]

adj.

遮遮掩掩的,守口如瓶的,秘密的

secretively

adv.

稳秘地,隐匿地

secretiveness

n.

隐匿,分泌

secretive *

1. secretive
If you are secretive , you like to have secrets and to keep your knowledge, feelings, or intentions hidden.

- Billionaires are usually fairly secretive about the exact amount that they're worth.

- ...the secretive world of spying.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n

2. secretively

- ...a banknote handed over secretively in the entrance to a building.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

3. secretiveness

- He was evasive, to the point of secretiveness.

N-UNCOUNT

secretive

adjective

reticent

close

deep

reserved

tight-lipped

uncommunicative

secret police *

secret police
The secret police is a police force in some countries that works secretly and deals with political crimes committed against the government.
N-UNCOUNT: also the N

secret service *

1. secret service secret services
A country's secret service is a secret government department whose job is to find out enemy secrets and to prevent its own government's secrets from being discovered.
N-COUNT

2. secret service secret services
The secret service is the government department in the United States which protects the president. (AM)
N-COUNT

secret weapon

secret weapon secret weapons
Someone's secret weapon is a thing or person which they believe will help them achieve something and which other people do not know about.

- The new coach was determined to break Arsenal's cycle of failure, and discipline was his secret weapon.

N-COUNT

sect

[D.J.:sekt]

[K.K.:sɛkt]

n.

宗派, 教派

sect *

sect sects
A sect is a group of people that has separated from a larger group and has a particular set of religious or political beliefs.
N-COUNT

sect

noun

group

camp

denomination

division

faction

party

schism

sectarian

[D.J.:sekˈteəri:ən]

[K.K.:sɛkˈtɛriən]

adj.

宗派的,派系的

sectarian *

sectarian
Sectarian means resulting from the differences between different religions.

- He was the fifth person to be killed in sectarian violence last week.

- The police said the murder was sectarian.

- ...both sides of the sectarian divide.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

sectarian

adjective

1.

narrow-minded

bigoted

doctrinaire

dogmatic

factional

fanatical

limited

parochial

partisan

noun

2.

bigot

dogmatist

extremist

fanatic

partisan

zealot

sectarianism

[D.J.:sekˈt eərɪənɪzəm]

[K.K.:s ɛkˈt ɛrɪənɪzəm]

n.

宗派主义;教派意识

sectarianism

sectarianism
Sectarianism is strong support for the religious or political group you belong to, and often involves conflict with other groups.

- There is a great deal of political rivalry and sectarianism within our movement.

N-UNCOUNT

section

[D.J.:ˈsekʃən]

[K.K.:ˈsɛkʃən]

n.

章节

部分

部门, 科

截面, 剖面

地区, 区

sectioning

剖切;切片法;分段装置;分割

sections

零件

section ****

1. section sections
A section of something is one of the parts into which it is divided or from which it is formed.

- He said it was wrong to single out any section of society for Aids testing.

- They moulded a complete new bow section for the boat.

- ...a large orchestra, with a vast percussion section.

- ...the Georgetown section of Washington, D.C.

- ...a geological section of a rock.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
See also cross-section .

2. section sections sectioning sectioned
If something is sectioned , it is divided into sections.

- It holds vegetables in place while they are being peeled or sectioned.

VB: usu passive

3. section sections
A section of an official document such as a report, law, or constitution is one of the parts into which it is divided.

- ...section 14 of the Trade Descriptions Act 1968.

- ...the all-important section on the powers of the federal government.

N-COUNT: usu N num

4. section sections
A section is a diagram of something such as a building or a part of the body. It shows how the object would appear to you if it were cut from top to bottom and looked at from the side.

- For some buildings a vertical section is more informative than a plan.

N-COUNT

section

noun

1.

part

division

fraction

instalment

passage

piece

portion

segment

slice

2.

district

area

region

sector

zone

section off ****

section off sections off; sectioning off; sectioned off
If an area is sectioned off , it is separated by a wall, fence, or other barrier from the surrounding area.

- The kitchen is galley shaped, sectioned off from the rest of the room by a half wall.

PHR-V: usu passive

sectional

[D.J.:ˈsekʃənəl]

[K.K.:ˈsɛkʃənəl]

adj.

拼合而成的, 可拆卸的

局部的, 某一群体的;部分(地区)的, 地方的

断面的, 以断面为基准的

sectional

sectional
Sectional interests are those of a particular group within a community or country.

- He urged his countrymen to greater efforts and criticized the selfish attitude of certain sectional interests.

ADJ: ADJ n

sector

[D.J.:ˈsektə]

[K.K.:ˈsɛktɚ, -ˌtɔr]

n.

部门; 领域

防御地区, 防卫区域

扇形, 扇形面

sectors

分脉

sector ****

1. sector sectors
A particular sector of a country's economy is the part connected with that specified type of industry.

- ...the nation's manufacturing sector.

- ...the service sector of the Hong Kong economy.

N-COUNT: supp N
See also public sector , private sector .

2. sector sectors
A sector of a large group is a smaller group which is part of it.

- Workers who went to the Gulf came from the poorest sectors of Pakistani society.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. sector sectors
A sector is an area of a city or country which is controlled by a military force.

- Officers were going to retake sectors of the city.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

4. sector sectors
A sector is a part of a circle which is formed when you draw two straight lines from the centre of the circle to the edge. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

sector

noun Chiefly U.S.

part

area

district

division

quarter

region

zone

sectoral

[ˈsektərəl]

adj.

扇形的

sectoral

sectoral
Sectoral means relating to the various economic sectors of a society or to a particular economic sector. (TECHNICAL)

- ...sectoral differences within social classes.

ADJ: ADJ n

secular

[D.J.:ˈsekjələ]

[K.K.:ˈsɛkjəlɚ]

adj.

现世的, 俗界的

secular *

secular
You use secular to describe things that have no connection with religion.

- He spoke about preserving the country as a secular state.

- ...secular and religious education.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ religious

secular

adjective

worldly

civil

earthly

lay

nonspiritual

temporal

secularism

[D.J.:ˈsekjələˌrɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈsɛkjələˌrɪzəm]

n.

现世主义;世俗主义

宗教与教育分离论;政教分离论

secularist

[D.J.:ˈsekjʊlərɪst]

[K.K.:ˈs ɛkjəlɚrɪst]

n.

现世主义者;世俗主义者

宗教与教育分离论者

secularism

1. secularism
Secularism is a system of social organization and education where religion is not allowed to play a part in civil affairs.
N-UNCOUNT

2. secularist secularists

- The country is being torn to pieces by conflict between fundamentalists and secularists.

N-COUNT

secularized

secularized
Secularized societies are no longer under the control or influence of religion.

- The Pope had no great sympathy for the secularized West.

ADJ-GRADED (BRIT) also secularised

secure

[D.J.:siˈkjuə]

[K.K.:sɪˈkjʊr]

adj.

牢固的; 可靠的

有把握的; 确切的

vt.

握紧; 关牢

使安全

(使)获得; 把…弄到手

securely

[D.J.:sɪˈkjʊəlɪ]

[K.K.:sɪˈkjʊrlɪ]

adv.

安全地

有把握地,无疑地

牢固地,稳固地

被妥善保管地；被监禁地；被拘留地

secure ****

1. secure secures securing secured
If you secure something that you want or need, you obtain it, often after a lot of effort. (FORMAL)

- Federal leaders continued their efforts to secure a ceasefire.

- Graham's achievements helped secure him the job.

VB

2. secure secures securing secured
If you secure a place, you make it safe from harm or attack. (FORMAL)

- Staff withdrew from the main part of the prison but secured the perimeter.

- The shed was secured by a hasp and staple fastener.

VB

3. secure
A secure place is tightly locked or well protected, so that people cannot enter it or leave it.

- We shall make sure our home is as secure as possible from now on.

ADJ-GRADED

4. securely

- He locked the heavy door securely and kept the key in his pocket.

- ...territory once securely under the control of the rebels.

ADV: usu ADV with v

5. secure secures securing secured
If you secure an object, you fasten it firmly to another object.

- He helped her close the cases up, and then he secured the canvas straps as tight as they would go.

- The frames are secured by horizontal rails to the back wall.

VB

6. secure
If an object is secure , it is fixed firmly in position.

- Check joints are secure and the wood is sound.

- Shelves are only as secure as their fixings.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

7. securely

- Ensure that the frame is securely fixed to the ground with bolts.

- Builders must fasten down roofs of newly-built homes more securely.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

8. secure
If you describe something such as a job as secure , it is certain not to change or end.

- ...trade union demands for secure wages and employment...

- Senior citizens long for a more predictable and secure future.

- ...the failure of financial institutions once thought to be secure.

ADJ-GRADED

9. secure
A secure base or foundation is strong and reliable.

- He was determined to give his family a secure and solid base.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

10. secure
If you feel secure , you feel safe and happy and are not worried about life.

- She felt secure and protected when she was with him.

- The government must feel secure before it will be willing to make the concessions needed for peace.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

11. secure secures securing secured
If a loan is secured , the person who lends the money may take property such as a house from the person who borrows the money if they fail to repay it.

- The loan is secured against your home.

- His main task is to raise enough finance to repay secured loans.

VB: usu passive

secure

adjective

1.

safe

immune

protected

unassailable

2.

sure

assured

certain

confident

easy

reassured

3.

fixed

fast

fastened

firm

immovable

stable

steady

verb

4.

obtain

acquire

gain

get

procure

score slang

5.

fasten

attach

bolt

chain

fix

lock

make fast

tie up

secure unit

secure unit secure units
A secure unit is a building or part of a building where dangerous prisoners or violent psychiatric patients are kept.

- ...the secure unit at Cane Hill hospital.

N-COUNT

securities

n.

有价证券

security

[D.J.:siˈkjuəriti]

[K.K.:sɪˈkjʊrɪti]

n.

安全

抵押品

有价证券

security *****

1. security
Security refers to all the measures that are taken to protect a place, or to ensure that only people with permission enter it or leave it.

- They are now under a great deal of pressure to tighten their airport security.

- Strict security measures are in force in the capital.

- ...a top security jail.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp, oft N n

2. security
If something gives you a false sense of security , it makes you believe that you are safe when you are not.

- He loves the security of a happy home life.

- If an alarm gives you that feeling of security, then it's worth carrying.

- Wearing helmets gave cyclists a false sense of security and encouraged them to take risks.

PHR: PHR after v

3. security
If something is security for a loan, you promise to give that thing to the person who lends you money, if you fail to pay the money back.

- The central bank will provide special loans, and the banks will pledge the land as security.

N-UNCOUNT
= collateral

4. security securities
Securities are stocks, shares, bonds, or other certificates that you buy in order to earn regular interest from them or to sell them later for a profit; a technical use.

- National banks can package their own mortgages and underwrite them as securities.

- ...US government securities and bonds.

N-PLURAL

security

noun

1.

precautions

defence

protection

safeguards

safety measures

2.

safety

care

custody

refuge

safekeeping

sanctuary

3.

sureness

assurance

certainty

confidence

conviction

positiveness

reliance

4.

pledge

collateral

gage

guarantee

hostage

insurance

pawn

surety

security blanket

1. security blanket security blankets
If you refer to something as a security blanket , you mean that it provides someone with a feeling of safety and comfort when they are in a situation that worries them or makes them feel nervous.

- Alan sings with shy intensity, hiding behind the security blanket of his guitar.

N-COUNT

2. security blanket security blankets
A baby's security blanket is a piece of cloth or clothing which the baby holds and chews in order to feel comforted.
N-COUNT

security camera

security camera security cameras
A security camera is a video camera that records people's activities in order to detect and prevent crime.
N-COUNT

Security Council ***

Security Council
The Security Council is the committee which governs the United Nations. It has permanent representatives from the United States, Russia, China, France, and the United Kingdom, and temporary representatives from some other countries.
N-PROPER: the N

security guard *

security guard security guards
A security guard is someone whose job is to protect a building or to collect and deliver large amounts of money.
N-COUNT

security risk

security risk security risks
If you describe someone as a security risk , you mean that they may be a threat to the safety of a country or organization.
N-COUNT

sedan

[D.J.:sɪˈdæn]

[K.K.:sɪˈdæn]

n.

小轿车

sedan *

sedan sedans
A sedan is a car with seats for four or more people, a fixed roof, and a boot that is separate from the part of the car that you sit in. (AM; in BRIT use saloon )
N-COUNT

sedan chair

sedan chair sedan chairs
A sedan chair is an enclosed chair for one person carried on two poles by two men, one in front and one behind. Sedan chairs were used in the 17th and 18th centuries.
N-COUNT

sedate

[D.J.:sɪˈdeɪt]

[K.K.:sɪˈdet]

adj.

沉着的;安详的;平静的

vt.

使昏昏入睡, 使镇静

sedately

adv.

镇静地,安详地

sedate *

1. sedate
If you describe someone or something as sedate , you mean that they are quiet and rather dignified, though perhaps a bit dull.

- She took them to visit her sedate, elderly cousins.

- Her London life was sedate, almost mundane.

- I live in a sedate little village in the Midlands.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. sedately

- ...sedately dressed in business suit with waistcoat.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. sedate
If you move along at a sedate pace, you move slowly, in a controlled way.

- We set off again at a more sedate pace.

- ...a heavy car with solid but sedate performance.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

4. sedately

- He pulled sedately out of the short driveway.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

5. sedate sedates sedating sedated
If someone is sedated , they are given a drug to calm them or to make them sleep.

- The patient is sedated with intravenous use of sedative drugs.

- Doctors have been told not to sedate children with an anaesthetic that may be linked to five deaths.

VB

6. sedated

- Grace was asleep, lightly sedated.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

sedate

adjective

calm

collected

composed

cool

dignified

serene

tranquil

sedation

[D.J.:sɪˈdeɪʃən]

[K.K.:sɪˈdeʃən]

n.

(尤指服用镇静剂而进入的)休息状态;睡眠状态

sedation

sedation
If someone is under sedation , they have been given medicine or drugs in order to calm them or make them sleep.

- His mother was under sedation after the boy's body was brought back from Germany.

N-UNCOUNT: oft under N

sedative

[D.J.:ˈsedətɪv]

[K.K.:ˈsɛdətɪv]

n.

镇静药, 镇静剂

sedative *

1. sedative sedatives
A sedative is a medicine or drug that calms you or makes you sleep.

- They use opium as a sedative, rather than as a narcotic.

N-COUNT

2. sedative
Something that has a sedative effect calms you or makes you sleep.

- Amber bath oil has a sedative effect.

ADJ: ADJ n

sedative

adjective

1.

calming

anodyne

relaxing

soothing

tranquillizing

noun

2.

tranquillizer

anodyne

downer or down slang

sedentary

[D.J.:ˈsednˌteri:]

[K.K.:ˈsɛdn..ˌtɛri]

adj.

坐着的

(指工作等)坐着干的,案头的

(指人)不爱活动的

sedentary

sedentary
Someone who has a sedentary lifestyle or job, sits down a lot of the time and does not take much exercise.

- Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has been linked with an increased risk of heart disease.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

sedentary

adjective

inactive

desk

desk-bound

seated

sitting

sedge

[D.J.:sedʒ]

[K.K.:sɛdʒ]

n.

〈植〉莎草

sedge *

sedge sedges
Sedge is a plant that looks like grass and grows in wet ground.
N-MASS

sediment

[D.J.:ˈsedimənt]

[K.K.:ˈsɛdəmənt]

n.

沉淀物

sediments

沉积物

sediment *

sediment sediments
Sediment is solid material that settles at the bottom of a liquid, especially earth and pieces of rock that have been carried along and then left somewhere by water, ice, or wind.

- Many organisms that die in the sea are soon buried by sediment.

- ...ocean sediments.

N-VAR

sediment

noun

dregs

deposit

grounds

lees

residue

sedimentary

[D.J.:sediˈmentəri]

[K.K.:ˌsɛdəˈmɛntəri, -ˈmɛntri]

adj.

沉积的,沉淀性的

sedimentary

sedimentary
Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediment left by water, ice, or wind.
ADJ: ADJ n

sedition

[D.J.:sɪˈdɪʃən]

[K.K.:sɪˈdɪʃən]

n.

煽动行为或言论,煽动叛乱

seditious

adj.

seditious

[D.J.:sɪˈdɪʃəs]

[K.K.:sɪˈdɪʃəs]

adj.

煽动性的

参与煽动的

sedition

sedition
Sedition is speech, writing, or behaviour intended to encourage people to fight against or oppose the government.

- Government officials charged him with sedition.

N-UNCOUNT

sedition

noun

rabble-rousing

agitation

incitement to riot

subversion

seditious

seditious
A seditious act, speech, or piece of writing encourages people to fight against or oppose the government.

- He fell under suspicion for distributing seditious pamphlets.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

seditious

adjective

revolutionary

dissident

mutinous

rebellious

refractory

subversive

seduce

[D.J.:siˈdju:s]

[K.K.:sɪˈdus, -ˈdjus]

vt.

诱奸, 勾引

诱使堕落, 使入迷

seduction

[D.J.:sɪˈdʌkʃən]

[K.K.:sɪˈdʌkʃən]

n.

诱惑；引诱,被引诱,诱奸

诱惑物,有魅力的东西

seduce **

1. seduce seduces seducing seduced
If something seduces you, it is so attractive that it makes you do something that you would not otherwise do.

- The view of lake and plunging cliffs seduces visitors.

- He argues that the clever advertising employed by U.S. cigarette companies would seduce more people into smoking.

VB
= tempt

2. seduction seductions

- ...the seduction of words...

- The country had resisted the seductions of mass tourism.

N-VAR

3. seduce seduces seducing seduced
If someone seduces another person, they use their charm to persuade that person to have sex with them.

- She has set out to seduce Stephen.

VB

4. seduction

- Her methods of seduction are subtle.

- ...a slow seduction.

N-VAR

seduce

verb

1.

corrupt

debauch

deflower

deprave

dishonour

2.

tempt

beguile

deceive

entice

inveigle

lead astray

lure

mislead

seduction

noun

1.

corruption

2.

temptation

enticement

lure

snare

seducer

[D.J.:sɪˈdju:sə]

[K.K.:sɪˈdjusɚ]

n.

诱惑者;骗子;玩弄女性的人

seducer

seducer seducers
A seducer is someone, usually a man, who seduces someone else.

- He is proud of his reputation as a seducer of young women.

N-COUNT

seductive

[D.J.:sɪˈdʌktɪv]

[K.K.:sɪˈdʌktɪv]

adj.

诱惑的,诱人的,勾引人的,富有魅力的

seductively

adv.

诱惑地,富有魅力地

seductiveness

n.

富有魅力,诱人

seductively

adv.

诱惑地,勾引地

seductive *

1. seductive
Something that is seductive is very attractive or makes you want to do something that you would not otherwise do.

- It's a seductive argument.

ADJ-GRADED

2. seductively

- ...his seductively simple assertion...

- The film opens seductively.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj, also ADV with v

3. seductive
A person who is seductive is very attractive sexually.

- ...a seductive woman...

- I love dressing up to look seductive.

ADJ-GRADED

4. seductively

- ...looking seductively over her shoulder...

- Her mouth is seductively large and full.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

seductive

adjective

alluring

attractive

bewitching

enticing

inviting

provocative

tempting

seductress

[D.J.:siˈdʌktris]

[K.K.:sɪˈdʌktrɪs]

n.

勾引男人的女子

seductress

seductress seductresses
A seductress is a woman who seduces someone.

- Few males can resist a self-confident seductress.

N-COUNT

seductress

noun

temptress

enchantress

femme fatale

siren

vamp informal

see about *****

see about sees about; seeing about; saw about; seen about
When you see about something, you arrange for it to be done or provided.

- Tony announced it was time to see about lunch.

- I must see about selling the house.

PHR-V

see off *****

1. see off sees off; seeing off; saw off; seen off
If you see off an opponent, you defeat them. (BRIT)

- There is no reason why they cannot see off the Republican challenge.

PHR-V

2. see off sees off; seeing off; saw off; seen off
When you see someone off , you go with them to the station, airport, or port that they are leaving from, and say goodbye to them there.

- Ben had planned a steak dinner for himself after seeing Jackie off on her plane.

PHR-V

see through *****

see through sees through; seeing through; saw through; seen through
If you see through someone or their behaviour, you realize what their intentions are, even though they are trying to hide them.

- I saw through your little ruse from the start.

PHR-V
See also see-through .

see through

verb

1.

be undeceived by

be wise to informal

fathom

not fall for

penetrate

see (something) through

2.

persevere (with)

keep at

persist

stick out informal

see (someone) through

3.

help out

stick by

support

see to *****

see to sees to; seeing to; saw to; seen to
If you see to something that needs attention, you deal with it.

- While Franklin saw to the luggage, Sara took Eleanor home.

PHR-V

seed

[D.J.:si:d]

[K.K.:sid]

n.

种子

种子选手

子孙, 后裔

vt.

播种

除去…之种子

抽出种子选手

vi.

结籽

seeded

[ˈsi:did]

adj.

①已播种的②有籽的

seeding

[ˈsi:diŋ]

n.

播种

seed ****

1. seed seeds
A seed is the small, hard part of a plant from which a new plant grows.

- ...a packet of cabbage seed...

- I sow the seed in pots of soil-based compost.

- ...sunflower seeds.

N-VAR

2. seed seeds seeding seeded
If you seed a piece of land, you plant seeds in it.

- Men mowed the wide lawns and seeded them.

- The primroses should begin to seed themselves down the steep hillside.

- ...his newly seeded lawns.

VB
= sow

3. seed seeds
You can refer to the seeds of something when you want to talk about the beginning of a feeling or process that gradually develops and becomes stronger or more important. (LITERARY)

- He raised questions meant to plant seeds of doubts in the minds of jurors.

- He considered that there were, in these developments, the seeds of a new moral order.

N-PLURAL: N of n

4. seed seeds
In sports such as tennis or badminton, a seed is a player who has been ranked according to his or her ability. (TECHNICAL)

- ...Pete Sampras, Wimbledon's top seed and the world No.1...

- In the final Capriati, the third seed, defeated Katerina Maleeva.

N-COUNT: usu supp N, oft ord/num N

5. seed seeds seeding seeded
When a player or a team is seeded in a sports competition, they are ranked according to their ability. (TECHNICAL)

- In the UEFA Cup the top 16 sides are seeded for the first round.

- He now meets Richey Reneberg, seeded eight.

- The top four seeded nations are through to the semi-finals.

VB: usu passive
= ranked

6. seed
If vegetable plants go to seed or run to seed , they produce flowers and seeds as well as leaves.

- If unused, winter radishes run to seed in spring.

PHR: V inflects

7. seed
If you say that someone or something has gone to seed or run to seed , you mean that they have become much less attractive, healthy, or efficient.

- He says the economy has gone to seed.

- He was a big man in his forties; once he had a lot of muscle but now he was running to seed.

PHR: V inflects

seed

noun

1.

grain

egg

embryo

germ

kernel

ovum

pip

spore

2.

origin

beginning

germ

nucleus

source

start

3.

offspring

children

descendants

issue

progeny

go or run to seed

4.

decline

decay

degenerate

deteriorate

go downhill informal

go to pot

let oneself go

seedbed

[D.J.:ˈsi:dbed]

[K.K.:ˈsidˌbɛd]

n.

苗床,〈喻〉温床,发源地

seedbed

1. seedbed seedbeds
A seedbed is an area of ground, usually with specially prepared earth, where young plants are grown from seed.
N-COUNT also seed-bed .

2. seedbed seedbeds
You can refer to a place or a situation as a seedbed when it seems likely that a particular type of thing or person will develop in that place or situation.

- Crises and conflicts are a seedbed for international terrorism.

- My region is a seedbed of crime.

N-COUNT: oft N for/of n also seed-bed .

seed corn

seed corn
Seed corn is money that businesses spend at the beginning of a project in the hope that it will eventually produce profits. (mainly BRIT)

- The scheme offers seed corn finance with loans of up to £10,000 at only 4% interest.

N-UNCOUNT

seedless

[D.J.:ˈsi:dlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈsidlɪs]

adj.

无核的

seedless

seedless
A seedless fruit has no seeds in it.

- ...seedless grapes.

ADJ

seedling

[D.J.:ˈsi:dlɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsidlɪŋ]

n.

刚出芽的幼苗

seedlings

苗

seedling *

seedling seedlings
A seedling is a young plant that has been grown from a seed.
N-COUNT

seed money

seed money
Seed money is money that is given to someone to help them start a new business or project.
N-UNCOUNT??

seedily

adv.

不体面地,心情不佳地

seedy

[D.J.:ˈsi:di:]

[K.K.:ˈsidi]

adj.

破衣烂衫的,肮脏的

seedily

adv.

破衣烂衫地,肮脏地

seediness

n.

破衣烂衫,肮脏

seedy *

1. seedy seedier seediest
If you describe a person or place as seedy , you disapprove of them because they look dirty and untidy, or they have a bad reputation.

- Frank ran dodgy errands for a seedy local villain.

- We were staying in a seedy hotel close to the red light district.

- They suck you in to their seedy world.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

2. seediness

- ...the atmosphere of seediness and decay about the city.

N-UNCOUNT

seedy

adjective

1.

shabby

dilapidated

grotty slang

grubby

mangy

run-down

scruffy

sleazy

squalid

tatty

2.

unwell

ill

off colour

out of sorts

poorly informal

under the weather informal

seeing-eye dog

seeing-eye dog seeing-eye dogs
A seeing-eye dog is a dog that has been trained to lead a blind person. (AM; in BRIT use guide dog )
N-COUNT also Seeing Eye dog , seeing eye dog
= guide dog

seek

[D.J.:si:k]

[K.K.:sik]

vt. & vi.

寻找; 探寻

vi.

企图; 试图

vt.

请求, 征求; 求教

sought

[D.J.:sɔ:t]

[K.K.:sɔt]

seek的过去式和过去分词

seek ***

1. seek seeks seeking sought
If you seek something such as a job or a place to live, you try to find one. (FORMAL)

- They have had to seek work as labourers.

- Four people who sought refuge in the Italian embassy have left voluntarily.

- Candidates are urgently sought for the post of Conservative party chairman.

VB

2. seek seeks seeking sought
When someone seeks something, they try to obtain it. (FORMAL)

- The prosecutors have warned they will seek the death penalty.

- Haemophiliacs are seeking compensation for being given contaminated blood.

VB

3. seek seeks seeking sought
If you seek someone's help or advice, you contact them in order to ask for it. (FORMAL)

- Always seek professional legal advice before entering into any agreement.

- On important issues, they seek a second opinion.

- The couple have sought help from marriage guidance counsellors.

VB

4. seek seeks seeking sought
If you seek to do something, you try to do it. (FORMAL)

- He also denied that he would seek to annex the country.

- Moscow is seeking to slow the growth of Russian inflation.

VB

sought

sought
Sought is the past tense and past participle of seek .

seek

verb

1.

look for

be after

follow

hunt

pursue

search for

2.

try

aim

aspire to

attempt

endeavour

essay

strive

seek out ***

seek out seeks out; seeking out; sought out
If you seek out someone or something or seek them out , you keep looking for them until you find them.

- Now is the time for local companies to seek out business opportunities in Europe.

- Ellen spent the day in the hills and sought me out when she returned.

PHR-V

seeker

[D.J.:ˈsi:kə]

[K.K.:ˈsikɚ]

n.

搜索者,探求者

seeker **

seeker seekers
A seeker is someone who is looking for or trying to get something.

- I am a seeker after truth.

- The beaches draw sun-seekers from all over Europe.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu n N
See also asylum seeker , job seeker .

seem

[D.J.:si:m]

[K.K.:sim]

link v.

好像; 仿佛

seem *****

1. seem seems seemed
You use seem to say that someone or something gives the impression of having a particular quality, or of happening in the way you describe.

- We heard a series of explosions. They seemed quite close by.

- Everyone seems busy except us.

- To everyone who knew them, they seemed an ideal couple.

- £50 seems a lot to pay.

- The calming effect seemed to last for about ten minutes.

- The government seems not to be troubled by its inconsistent policies on minority rights.

- It was a record that seemed beyond reach.

- The proposal seems designed to break opposition to the government's economic programme.

- It seems that the attack this morning was very carefully planned to cause few casualties.

- It seems clear that he has no reasonable alternative.

- It seemed as if she'd been gone forever.

- There seems to be a lot of support in Congress for this move.

- There seems no possibility that such action can be averted.

- This phenomenon is not as outrageous as it seems.

V-LINK: no cont

2. seem seems seemed
You use seem when you are describing your own feelings or thoughts, or describing something that has happened to you, in order to make your statement less forceful.

- I seem to have lost all my self-confidence.

- I seem to remember giving you very precise instructions.

- I seemed to have contracted the stomach problem.

- Excuse me I seem to be a little bit lost.

V-LINK: no cont vagueness

3. seem
If you say that you cannot seem or could not seem to do something, you mean that you have tried to do it and were unable to.

- No matter how hard I try I cannot seem to catch up on all the bills.

- Kim's mother couldn't seem to stop crying.

PHR: PHR to-inf

seem

verb

appear

assume

give the impression

look

seeming

[D.J.:ˈsi:mɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsimɪŋ]

adj.

表面上的;似乎真实的

n.

外观,外貌;表象

seeming

seeming
Seeming means appearing to be the case, but not necessarily the case. For example, if you talk about someone's seeming ability to do something, you mean that they appear to be able to do it, but you are not certain. (FORMAL)

- Wall Street analysts have been highly critical of the company's seeming inability to control costs.

- Whatever troubles arise, we'll have peace of mind amidst seeming chaos.

ADJ: ADJ n vagueness
= apparent

seemingly

[ˈsi:miŋli]

adv.

看来似乎, 表面上看

seemingly **

1. seemingly
If something is seemingly the case, you mean that it appears to be the case, even though it may not really be so.

- A seemingly endless line of trucks waits in vain to load up.

- ...bread made from a seemingly limitless variety of ingredients.

ADV: ADV adj/adv
= apparently

2. seemingly
You use seemingly when you want to say that something seems to be true.

- He has moved to Spain, seemingly to enjoy a slower style of life.

- He is a man with seemingly not an ounce of malice in him.

ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV before v vagueness

seemliness

n.

适当,恰当,合乎礼仪

seemly

[D.J.:ˈsi:mli:]

[K.K.:ˈsimli]

adj.

得体的,适宜的,合乎礼仪的

seemliness

n.

seemly

seemly
Seemly behaviour or dress is appropriate in the particular circumstances. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- It wasn't seemly for a boy still in school to be courting a young woman who worked.

ADJ-GRADED

seemly

adjective

fitting

appropriate

becoming

decent

decorous

fit

proper

suitable

seep

[D.J.:si:p]

[K.K.:sip]

vi.

(液体)渗, 渗透

seep away

渗出；漏出

seep *

1. seep seeps seeping seeped
If something such as liquid or gas seeps somewhere, it flows slowly and in small amounts into a place where it should not go.

- Radioactive water had seeped into underground reservoirs.

- The gas is seeping out of the rocks.

- Engineers said that plutonium could begin seeping from the corroded sub.

VB
= leak

2. seep
Also a noun.

- ...an oil seep.

N-COUNT

3. seep seeps seeping seeped
If something such as secret information or an unpleasant emotion seeps somewhere, it comes out gradually.

- ...the tide of racism which is sweeping Europe seeps into Britain.

- ...letting information seep out of the Treasury.

VB

seep

verb

ooze

exude

leak

permeate

soak

trickle

well

seepage

[D.J.:ˈsi:pidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈsipɪdʒ]

n.

漏, 渗

seepage

seepage
Seepage is the slow flow of a liquid through something.

- The industry's chemical seepage and waste have caused untold damage.

N-UNCOUNT

seer

[D.J.:siə]

[K.K.:sɪr]

n.

预言家,先知者,幻想家

seer

seer seers
A seer is a person who tells people what will happen in the future. (LITERARY)

- ...the writings of the 16th century French seer, Nostradamus.

- ...the economic seers who regularly provide The Economist with forecasts.

N-COUNT

seer

noun

prophet

sibyl

soothsayer

seesaw

[D.J.:ˈsi:ˌsɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌsɔ]

n.

跷跷板;上下动

adj.

前后动的;交互的

vt.

使上下(来回)摇动

vi.

玩跷跷板;上下(来回)摇动

seesaw

1. seesaw seesaws
A seesaw is a long board which is balanced on a fixed part in the middle. To play on it, a child sits on each end, and when one end goes up, the other goes down.

- There was a sandpit, a seesaw and a swing in the playground.

N-COUNT also see-saw .

2. seesaw
In a seesaw situation, something continually changes from one state to another and back again.

- ...a seesaw price situation.

- ...the seesaw way of politics.

ADJ: ADJ n also see-saw .

3. seesaw seesaws
Also a noun.

- Marriage, however, is an emotional seesaw.

N-COUNT: usu sing also see-saw .

4. seesaw seesaws seesawing seesawed
If someone's emotions see-saw , or a particular situation see-saws , they continually change from one state to another and back again.

- The Tokyo stock market see-sawed up and down.

VB also see-saw .

seesaw

verb

alternate

fluctuate

oscillate

swing

seethe

[D.J.:si:ð]

[K.K.:sið]

vi.

(液体)沸腾

激动, 大怒

seething

[ˈsi:ðiŋ]

adj.

沸腾的,火热的

seethe *

1. seethe seethes seething seethed
When you are seething , you are very angry about something but do not express your feelings about it.

- She took it calmly at first but under the surface was seething.

- She put a hand on her hip, grinning derisively, while I seethed with rage.

- He is seething at all the bad press he is getting.

- ...a seething anger fueled by decades of political oppression.

VB
= fume

2. seethe seethes seething seethed
If you say that a place is seething with people or things, you are emphasizing that it is very full of them and that they are all moving about.

- The forest below him seethed and teemed with life.

- Madrigueras station was a seething mass of soldiers.

VB emphasis
= swarm throb

seethe

verb

1.

be furious

be livid

fume

go ballistic slang chiefly U.S.

rage

see red informal

simmer

2.

boil

bubble

fizz

foam

froth

see-through

[D.J.:ˈsi:θru:]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌθru]

adj.

透明的; 极薄的

see-through *

see-through
See-through clothes are made of thin cloth, so that you can see a person's body or underwear through them.
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= transparent

segment

[D.J.:ˈseɡmənt]

[K.K.:ˈsɛɡmənt]

n.

部分, 片段

瓣

segment ***

1. segment segments
A segment of something is one part of it, considered separately from the rest.

- ...the poorer segments of society.

- ...the third segment of his journey.

N-COUNT: N of n
= section

2. segment segments
A segment of fruit such as an orange or grapefruit is one of the sections into which it is easily divided.
N-COUNT

3. segment segments
A segment of a circle is one of the two parts into which it is divided when you draw a straight line through it.
N-COUNT: usu N of n

segment

noun

section

bit

division

part

piece

portion

slice

wedge

segmentation

[D.J.:ˌseɡmənˈteiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɛɡmənˈteʃən, -mɛn-]

n.

分割

segmentation

segmentation
Segmentation is the dividing of something into parts which are loosely connected. (TECHNICAL)
N-UNCOUNT

segmented

[D.J.:ˈsegˌmentɪd, segˈmen-]

[K.K.:ˈsɛɡˌmɛntɪd, sɛɡˈmɛn-]

adj.

分开的；被分离的；被隔离的

种族隔离的；实行种族隔离政策的

segmented

segmented
Segmented means divided into parts that are loosely connected to each other.

- ...segmented oranges.

ADJ: ADJ n

segregate

[D.J.:ˈseɡriɡeit]

[K.K.:ˈsɛɡrɪˌɡet]

vt.

分开, 隔离

segregated

[ˈseɡriɡeitid]

adj.

分开的，被隔离的；(尤指)实行种族隔离的

segregating

分开

segregate

segregate segregates segregating segregated
To segregate two groups of people or things means to keep them physically apart from each other.

- A large detachment of police was used to segregate the two rival camps of protesters.

- They segregate you from the rest of the community.

VB

segregated *

segregated
Segregated buildings or areas are kept for the use of one group of people who are the same race, sex, or religion, and no other group is allowed to use them.

- ...racially segregated schools...

- John grew up in Baltimore when that city was segregated.

ADJ

segregate

verb

set apart

discriminate against

dissociate

isolate

separate

segregation

[D.J.:ˌsegrɪˈgeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɛɡrɪˈɡeʃən]

n.

分开；隔离

segregation *

segregation
Segregation is the official practice of keeping people apart, usually people of different sexes, races, or religions.

- The Supreme Court unanimously ruled that racial segregation in schools was unconstitutional.

- Connecticut agreed to end its segregation of prison inmates suffering from AIDS.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

segregation

noun

separation

apartheid

discrimination

isolation

segregationist

[D.J.:ˌseɡriˈɡeiʃənist]

[K.K.:ˌsɛɡrɪˈɡeʃənɪst]

n.

隔离主义者

segregationist

segregationist segregationists
A segregationist is someone who thinks people of different races should be kept apart.

- I'm a segregationist, but I'm not a White supremacist.

- Alabama may have been legally forced by the courts to kill off its segregationist policies.

N-COUNT: oft N n

segue

[D.J.:ˈseɡwei,ˈseiɡwei]

[K.K.:ˈsɛɡˌwe, ˈseˌɡwe]

n.

(用作指示语)继续

segue

1. segue segues segueing segued
If something such as a piece of music or conversation segues into another piece of music or conversation, it changes into it or is followed by it without a break.

- The piece segues into his solo with the strings.

- ...his film's attempt, in its latter sections, to segue into comedy.

VB

2. segue segues
Also a noun.

- ...a neat segue into an arrangement of `Eleanor Rigby'.

N-COUNT: usu sing

seismic

[D.J.:ˈsaɪzmɪk]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪzmɪk]

adj.

地震的,由地震引起的;震撼世界的

seismic *

seismic
Seismic means caused by or relating to an earthquake.

- Earthquakes produce two types of seismic waves.

- The latest seismic activity was also felt in northern Kenya.

ADJ: ADJ n

seismograph

[D.J.:ˈsaizməɡrɑ:f]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪzməˌɡræf]

n.

地震仪,测震仪

seismograph

seismograph seismographs
A seismograph is an instrument for recording and measuring the strength of earthquakes.
N-COUNT

seismological

[ˌsaizməˈlɔdʒikəl]

adj.

地震学上的

seismologist

[D.J.:saɪzˈmɔlədʒɪst]

n.

地震学家; 地震专家

seismology

[D.J.:saizˈmɔlədʒi]

[K.K.:saɪzˈmɑlədʒi]

n.

地震学

seismology

1. seismology
Seismology is the scientific study of earthquakes.
N-UNCOUNT

2. seismological

- ...the Seismological Society of America.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. seismologist seismologists

- Peter Ward is a seismologist with the US Geological Survey.

N-COUNT

seize

[D.J.:si:z]

[K.K.:siz]

vt. & vi.

抓住, 捉住

vt.

夺取; 占领

seizing

[D.J.:ˈsi:ziŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsizɪŋ]

n.

抓,夺,捆绑,扣押

seize ***

1. seize seizes seizing seized
If you seize something, you take hold of it quickly, firmly, and forcefully.

- `Leigh,' he said seizing my arm to hold me back.

- ...an otter seizing a fish.

VB

2. seize seizes seizing seized
When a group of people seize a place or seize control of it, they take control of it quickly and suddenly, using force.

- Troops have seized the airport and railroad terminals.

- Army officers plotted a failed attempt yesterday to seize power.

VB
= take

3. seize seizes seizing seized
If a government or other authority seize someone's property, they take it from them, often by force.

- Police were reported to have seized all copies of this mornings edition of the newspaper.

- Bailiffs need a certificate from the county court to seize goods for rent arrears.

VB

4. seize seizes seizing seized
When someone is seized , they are arrested or captured.

- UN officials say two military observers were seized by the Khmer Rouge yesterday.

- Men carrying sub-machine guns seized the five soldiers and drove them away.

VB

5. seize seizes seizing seized
When you seize an opportunity, you take advantage of it and do something that you want to do.

- During the riots hundreds of people seized the opportunity to steal property.

- The government now hopes to seize the initiative on education.

VB

seize

verb

1.

grab

catch up

clutch

grasp

grip

lay hands on

snatch

take

2.

confiscate

appropriate

commandeer

impound

take possession of

3.

capture

apprehend

arrest

catch

take captive

seize on ***

seize on seizes on; seizing on; seized on
If you seize on something or seize upon it, you show great interest in it, often because it is useful to you.

- When the results were published, newspapers around the world seized on them as proof that global warming isn't really happening.

- The main fear was that both sides may seize upon a ceasefire and free food aid to rearm.

PHR-V

seize up ***

1. seize up seizes up; seizing up; seized up
If a part of your body seizes up , it suddenly stops working, because you have strained it or because you are getting old.

- After two days' exertions, it's the arms and hands that seize up, not the legs.

- We are all born flexible but as we grow older, we tend to seize up a little.

PHR-V

2. seize up seizes up; seizing up; seized up
If something such as an engine seizes up , it stops working, because it has not been properly cared for.

- She put diesel fuel, instead of petrol, into the tank causing the motor to seize up.

PHR-V

seizure

[D.J.:ˈsi:ʒə]

[K.K.:ˈsiʒɚ]

n.

捉住, 查封, 扣押

(疾病)突然发作

seizure *

1. seizure seizures
If someone has a seizure , they have a sudden violent attack of an illness, especially one that affects their heart or brain.

- ...a mild cardiac seizure...

- I was prescribed drugs to control seizures.

N-COUNT

2. seizure seizures
If there is a seizure of power or a seizure of an area of land, a group of people suddenly take control of the place, using force.

- ...the seizure of territory through force.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

3. seizure seizures
When an organization such as the police or customs service makes a seizure of illegal goods, they find them and take them away.

- Police have made one of the biggest seizures of heroin there's ever been in Britain.

- ...arms seizures.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

4. seizure seizures
If a financial institution or a government makes a seizure of someone's assets, they take their money or property from them because they have not paid money that they owe.

- A Greek court has ordered the seizure of two ships in compensation for non-payment of a debt.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

seizure

noun

1.

attack

convulsion

fit

paroxysm

spasm

2.

capture

apprehension

arrest

3.

taking

annexation

commandeering

confiscation

grabbing

seldom

[D.J.:ˈseldəm]

[K.K.:ˈsɛldəm]

adv.

很少, 罕见, 难得

seldom **

seldom
If something seldom happens, it happens only occasionally.

- They seldom speak.

- I've seldom felt so happy.

- We were seldom at home.

ADV-BRD-NEG, ADV before v, ADV with cl/group
≠ often

seldom

adverb

rarely

hardly ever

infrequently

not often

select

[D.J.:siˈlekt]

[K.K.:sɪˈlɛkt]

vt.

选择; 挑选

adj.

精选的, 挑选出来的

限制性的, 选择严格的

selected

[siˈlektid]

adj.

经由选择的,挑选的

selecting

[siˈlektiŋ]

n.

选择(法)

select ***

1. select selects selecting selected
If you select something, you choose it from a number of things of the same kind.

- Voters are selecting candidates for both US Senate seats and for 52 congressional seats.

- With a difficult tee shot, select a club which will keep you short of the trouble.

- The movie is being shown in selected cities.

VB
= choose

2. select
A select group is a small group of some of the best people or things of their kind.

- He was one of the small select group assembled by Penney, at the High Explosive Research centre.

- ...a select group of French cheeses...

- As Faldo's final putt rattled in, he qualified to join a select band of illustrious sportsmen.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

3. select
If you describe something as select , you mean it has many desirable features, but is available only to people who have a lot of money or who belong to a high social class.

- Christian Lacroix is throwing a very lavish and very select party.

- ...a meeting of a very select club.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= elite exclusive

select

verb

1.

choose

opt for

pick

single out

adjective

2.

choice

excellent

first-class

hand-picked

special

superior

top-notch informal

3.

exclusive

cliquish

elite

privileged

select committee *

select committee select committees
A select committee is a committee of members of a parliament which is set up to investigate and report on a particular matter.
N-COUNT

selection

[D.J.:siˈlekʃən]

[K.K.:sɪˈlɛkʃən]

n.

选择, 挑选

被挑选的人[事物]; 选萃, 选集

可供选择的东西

selection ***

1. selection
Selection is the act of selecting of one or more people or things from a group.

- ...Darwin's principles of natural selection...

- Dr. Sullivan's selection to head the Department of Health was greeted with satisfaction.

- The children have to sit a tough selection test.

N-UNCOUNT: with supp

2. selection selections
A selection of people or things is a set of them that have been selected from a larger group.

- ...this selection of popular songs.

- ...a dramatic rendition of selections from Dickens' A Christmas Carol.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

3. selection selections
The selection of goods in a shop is the particular range of goods that it has available and from which you can choose what you want.

- It offers the widest selection of antiques of every description in a one day market.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N of n
= range

selection

noun

1.

choice

choosing

option

pick

preference

2.

range

assortment

choice

collection

medley

variety

selective

[D.J.:sɪˈlektɪv]

[K.K.:sɪˈlɛktɪv]

adj.

精心选择的

选择的;不普遍的

selectively

[siˈlektivli]

adv.

不普遍地

selectivity

[D.J.:silekˈtiviti]

[K.K.:sɪˌlɛkˈtɪvɪti, ˌsilɛk-]

n.

选择性

selective **

1. selective
A selective process applies only to a few things or people.

- Selective breeding may result in a greyhound running faster and seeing better than a wolf.

- ...selective education.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

2. selectively

- Within the project, trees are selectively cut on a 25-year rotation.

ADV: usu ADV with v

3. selectivity

- The soldiers specialized in going out in small groups, to kill with a very high degree of selectivity.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

4. selective
When someone is selective , they choose things carefully, for example the things that they buy or do.

- Sales still happen, but buyers are more selective.

- If public figures seek publicity to further their careers, they can't be selective about it.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

5. selectively

- ...people on small incomes who wanted to shop selectively.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

6. selective
If you say that someone has a selective memory, you disapprove of the fact that they remember certain facts about something and deliberately forget others, often because it is convenient for them to do so.

- We seem to have a selective memory for the best bits of the past.

- Mr Robins, suffering from selective amnesia about his role in the affair, was contradicted in nearly every instance by other witnesses.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

7. selectively

- ...a tendency to remember only the pleasurable effects of the drug and selectively forget all the adverse effects.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

selective

adjective

particular

careful

discerning

discriminating

selective service

selective service
In the United States, selective service is a system of selecting and ordering young men to serve in the armed forces for a limited period of time.
N-UNCOUNT

selector

[D.J.:siˈlektə]

[K.K.:sɪˈlɛktɚ]

n.

选择者,选择器

selector

selector selectors
A selector is someone whose job is to choose which people will be in a particular sports team or will take part in a particular sports contest.

- ...the England cricket selectors.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

self

[D.J.:self]

[K.K.:sɛlf]

n.

自己, 自我, 自身

本性, 本质; 个人的健康状况

私利, 私心

本人; 签票人

selves

[D.J.:selvz]

[K.K.:sɛlvz]

n.

自我,自身

self ***

1. self selves
Your self is your basic personality or nature, especially considered in terms of what you are really like as a person.

- You're looking more like your usual self.

- She was back to her old self again.

N-COUNT: usu adj N

2. self selves
A person's self is the essential part of their nature which makes them different from everyone and everything else.

- I want to explore and get in touch with my inner self.

- The face is the true self visible to others.

- ...our subconscious selves.

N-COUNT: usu adj N

selves

selves
Selves is the plural of self .

self-

n.

自我

self-

1. self-
Self- is used to form words which indicate that you do something to yourself or by yourself.

- He is a self-proclaimed racist.

- ...self-destructive behaviour...

- She was a woman utterly without self-knowledge.

COMB in ADJ and N

2. self-
Self- is used to form words which describe something such as a device that does something automatically by itself.

- ...a self-loading pistol.

COMB in ADJ and N

self-absorbed

[D.J.:ˈselfəbˈsɔ:bd]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfəbˈsɔrbd, -ˈzɔrbd]

adj.

热衷于自己的想法的

self-absorbed

self-absorbed
Someone who is self-absorbed thinks so much about things concerning themselves that they do not notice other people or the things around them.
ADJ-GRADED

self-access

self-access.
In a school or college, a self-access centre is a place where students can choose and use books, tapes, or other materials. (BRIT)

- ...a self-access study centre.

ADJ

self-addressed

[D.J.:ˌselfəˈdrest]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfəˈdrɛst]

adj.

寄给自己的;已写好发信人姓名地址(以便寄回发信人)的

self-addressed

self-addressed
A self-addressed envelope is an envelope which you have written your address on and which you send to someone in another envelope so that they can send something back to you.

- A stamped self-addressed envelope must be enclosed if you require the return of your entry.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

self-adhesive

[D.J.:ˌselfədˈhi:siv]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfædˈhisɪv]

adj.

自动附着的，自粘的

self-adhesive

self-adhesive
Something that is self-adhesive is covered on one side with a sticky substance like glue, so that it will stick to surfaces.

- ...self-adhesive labels.

- ...self-adhesive tiles.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

self-aggrandizement

[D.J.:ˈselfəˈɡrændizmənt]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfəˈɡrændɪzmənt]

n.

自我扩张

self-aggrandizement

self-aggrandizement
If you say that someone is guilty of self-aggrandizement , you mean that they do certain things in order to make themselves more powerful, wealthy, or important.

- Above all, he wanted to serve rather than use his position for self-aggrandisement.

N-UNCOUNT in BRITIT, also use self-aggrandisement disapproval

self-appointed

[D.J.:ˌselfəˈpɔɪntɪd]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfəˈpɔɪntɪd]

adj.

自封的;自己任命的

self-appointed

self-appointed
A self-appointed leader or ruler has taken the position of leader or ruler without anyone else asking them or choosing them to have it.

- ...the new self-appointed leaders of the movement.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

self-assembly

[ˈselfəˈsembli]

adj.

(买配件)自己组装的

self-assembly

self-assembly
Self-assembly is used to refer to furniture and other goods that you buy in parts and that you have to put together yourself.

- ...a range of self-assembly bedroom furniture.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

self-assertion

[D.J.:ˌselfəˈsɜ:ʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfəˈsə..ʃən]

n.

自作主张

self-assertion

self-assertion
Self-assertion is confidence that you have in speaking firmly about your opinions and demanding the rights that you believe you should have.

- ...her silence and lack of self-assertion...

- They are driven on partly by a wish for democracy, but also by a desire for national self-assertion.

N-UNCOUNT

self-assertive

[selfəˈsə:tiv]

adj.

自作主张的,惯于孤行专断的

self-assertive

self-assertive
Someone who is self-assertive acts in a confident way, speaking firmly about their opinions and demanding the rights that they believe they should have.

- If you want good relationships, you must have the confidence to be self-assertive when required.

ADJ-GRADED

self-assurance

[D.J.:ˌselfəˈʃu:rəns]

[K.K.:ˌs ɛlfəˈʃurəns]

n.

自信

self-assurance

self-assurance
Someone who has self-assurance shows confidence in the things that they say and do because they are sure of their abilities.
N-UNCOUNT
= self-confidence

self-assurance

noun

confidence

assertiveness

positiveness

self-confidence

self-possession

self-assured

[D.J.:ˌselfəˈʃʊəd]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfəˈʃʊrd]

adj.

有自信的

self-assured

self-assured
Someone who is self-assured shows confidence in what they say and do because they are sure of their own abilities.

- He's a self-assured, confident negotiator.

ADJ-GRADED
= self-confident

self-aware

[D.J.:ˌselfəˈwɛə]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfəˈwɛr]

adj.

自知的, 自我意识的

self-awareness

[ˌselfəˈweənis]

n.

自我意识

self-aware

1. self-aware
Someone who is self-aware knows and judges their own character well.

- Doing a degree has increased my confidence and I feel much more self-aware.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

2. self-awareness

- It is assumed that you are interested in achieving greater self-awareness.

N-UNCOUNT

self-belief

self-belief
Self-belief is confidence in your own abilities or judgement.
N-UNCOUNT
= self-confidence

self-catering

adj.

自给的,自己提供食物的

self-catering

self-catering
If you go on a self-catering holiday or you stay in self-catering accommodation, you stay in a place where you have to make your own meals. (BRIT)

- ...a week's self-catering in Majorca for £239...

- The self-catering flats are usually reserved for postgraduate students.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

self-centred

[D.J.:ˈselfˈsentəd]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈsɛntəd]

adj.

自我中心的,自私自利的

self-centred

self-centred
Someone who is self-centred is only concerned with their own wants and needs and never thinks about other people.

- He was selfish, he was self-centred, he was stingy, but he wasn't cruel.

ADJ-GRADED (AM) self-centered disapproval

self-centred

adjective

selfish

egotistic

narcissistic

self-seeking

self-confessed

[D.J.:ˌselfkənˈfest]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfkənˈfɛst]

adj.

自认的;自供的

self-confessed

self-confessed
If you describe someone as a self-confessed murderer or a self-confessed romantic, for example, you mean that they admit openly that they are a murderer or a romantic.

- The self-confessed drug addict was arrested 13 months ago.

- She is a self-confessed workaholic.

ADJ: ADJ n

self-confidence

[D.J.:ˈselfˈkɔnfɪdəns]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈkɑnfɪdəns]

n.

自信；自信心

self-confidence *

self-confidence
If you have self-confidence you behave confidently because you feel sure of your abilities or value.

- With the end of my love affair, I lost all the self-confidence I once had.

- Richard's self confidence is growing steadily.

N-UNCOUNT
= self-assurance

self-confidence

noun

self-assurance

aplomb

confidence

nerve

poise

self-confident

[D.J.:selfˈkɔnfɪdənt]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈkɑnfədənt]

adj.

自信的，自持的

self-confident

self-confident
Someone who is self-confident behaves confidently because they feel sure of their abilities or value.

- She'd blossomed into a self-confident young woman.

ADJ-GRADED
= self-assured

self-confident

adjective

self-assured

assured

confident

poised

sure of oneself

self-congratulation

[D.J.:ˈselfkənˌɡrætjuˈleiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfkənˌɡrætʃəˈleʃən, -ˌɡrædʒ-, -kəŋ-]

n.

自得

self-congratulation

self-congratulation
If someone keeps emphasizing how well they have done or how good they are, you can refer to their behaviour as self-congratulation .

- This is not a matter for self-congratulation.

N-UNCOUNT

self-congratulatory

[selfˌkənˈɡrætjuleitəri]

adj.

〈贬〉自赞的，洋洋自得的

self-congratulatory

self-congratulatory
If you describe someone or their behaviour as self-congratulatory , you mean that they keep emphasizing how well they have done or how good they are.

- Officials were self-congratulatory about how well the day had gone.

- ...self-congratulatory chatter.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

self-conscious

[D.J.:ˈselfˈkɔnʃəs]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈkɑnʃəs]

adj.

不自然的,忸怩的,害羞的

<哲><心>有自我意识的,自觉的

self-consciously

[D.J.:ˌselfˈk ɔnʃəslɪ]

[K.K.:ˌs ɛlfˈk ɑnʃəslɪ]

adv.

不自然地;怕难为情地

有自我意识地;自觉地

self-consciousness

[D.J.:ˈselfˈk ɔnʃəsnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈs ɛlfˈk ɑnʃəsnɪs]

n.

害羞

自觉意识;不自然

self-conscious *

1. self-conscious
Someone who is self-conscious is easily embarrassed and nervous because they feel that everyone is looking at them and judging them.

- I felt a bit self-conscious in my swimming costume.

- Bess was self-conscious about being shorter than her two friends.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n

2. self-consciously

- I glanced down at my dress jacket a little self-consciously.

- She was fiddling self-consciously with her wedding ring.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. self-consciousness

- ...her painful self-consciousness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. self-conscious
If you describe someone or something as self-conscious , you mean that they are strongly aware of who or what they are. (FORMAL)

- They were forged by them, moreover, into a self-conscious nation as early as the 10th century.

- Putting the work together is a very self-conscious process.

ADJ-GRADED

5. self-consciously

- The world which the book inhabits seems too self-consciously literary, too introverted.

- The place is as self-consciously trendy as they come.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj

self-conscious

adjective

embarrassed

awkward

bashful

diffident

ill at ease

insecure

nervous

uncomfortable

self-contained

[D.J.:ˌselfkənˈteɪnd]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfkənˈtend]

adj.

沉默寡言的;独立性的

一切都完备的；配套齐全的；独门独户的

自给自足的

self-contained *

1. self-contained
You can describe someone or something as self-contained when they are complete and separate and do not need help or resources from outside.

- He seems completely self-contained and he doesn't miss you when you're not there.

- The world trade system seems set to divide into large self-contained economic blocs.

ADJ-GRADED

2. self-contained
Self-contained accommodation such as a flat has all its own facilities, so that a person living there does not have to share rooms such as a kitchen or bathroom with other people.
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

self-contradictory

[ˈselfˌkɔntrəˈdiktəri]

adj.

自相矛盾的

self-contradictory

self-contradictory
If you say or write something that is self-contradictory , you make two statements which cannot both be true.

- He is notorious for making unexpected, often self-contradictory, comments.

ADJ-GRADED

self-control

[D.J.:ˌselfkənˈtrəʊl]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfkənˈtrol]

n.

自我控制,自制

self-control *

self-control
Self-control is the ability to not show your feelings or not do the things that your feelings make you want to do.

- His self-control, reserve and aloofness were almost inhuman.

- I began to wish I'd shown more self-control.

N-UNCOUNT

self-control

noun

willpower

restraint

self-discipline

self-restraint

self-controlled

self-controlled
Someone who is self-controlled is able to not show their feelings or not do the things that their feelings make them want to do.

- My father, who had always been very self-controlled, became bad-tempered and unpredictable.

ADJ-GRADED

self-deception

[D.J.:ˈselfdiˈsepʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfdɪˈsɛpʃən]

n.

自欺

self-deception

self-deception
Self-deception involves allowing yourself to believe something about yourself that is not true, because the truth is more unpleasant.

- Human beings have an infinite capacity for self-deception.

N-UNCOUNT
= self-delusion

self-declared

self-declared
Self-declared means the same as self-proclaimed .

- ...the self-declared interim president...

- He is a self-declared populist.

ADJ: ADJ n

self-defeating

[D.J.:ˈselfdiˈfi:tiŋ]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfdɪˈfitɪŋ]

adj.

弄巧成拙的,不利于自己的企图的

self-defeating

self-defeating
A plan or action that is self-defeating is likely to cause problems or difficulties instead of producing useful results.

- Dishonesty is ultimately self-defeating.

- ...self-defeating patterns of thought and behavior.

ADJ-GRADED

self-defence

[D.J.:ˌselfdɪˈfens]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfdɪˈfɛns]

n.

自卫，正当防卫

self-defence *

1. self-defence
Self-defence is the use of force to protect yourself against someone who is attacking you.

- Richards claimed he acted in self-defence after Pagett opened fire on him during a siege.

- ...courses in karate or some other means of self-defence.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft in/of N (AM) self-defense

2. self-defence
Self-defence is the action of protecting yourself against something bad.

- Jokes were a natural self-defence mechanism against the tedium of daily life.

N-UNCOUNT (AM) self-defense

self-delusion

[ˈselfdiˈlu:ʒən]

n.

自欺

self-delusion

self-delusion
Self-delusion is the state of having a false idea about yourself or the situation you are in.

- ...the grandiose self-delusion of the addict.

N-UNCOUNT

self-denial

[D.J.:ˌselfdɪˈnaɪəl]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfdɪˈnaɪəl]

n.

自我否定;克己;忘我

self-denial

self-denial
Self-denial is the habit of refusing to do or have things that you would like, either because you cannot afford them, or because you believe it is morally good for you not to do them or have them.

- Should motherhood necessarily mean sacrifice and self-denial?

- ...an unprecedented act of self-denial.

N-UNCOUNT

self-denying

[ˈselfdiˈnaiiŋ]

adj.

克己的,献身的

self-denying

self-denying
Someone who is self-denying refuses to do or have things that they would like, either because they cannot afford them, or because they believe it is morally good for them not to do them or have them.

- They believed that good parents should be self-sacrificing and self-denying.

- They belong to an older, more self-denying generation.

ADJ-GRADED

self-deprecating

[D.J.:ˌselfˈdeprikeitiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈdɛprɪˌketɪŋ]

adj.

自贬的,谦虚的

self-deprecating

self-deprecating
If you describe someone's behaviour as self-deprecating , you mean that they criticize themselves or represent themselves as foolish in a light-hearted way.

- Sharon tells the story of that night with self-deprecating humour.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

self-destruct

[D.J.:ˌselfdiˈstrʌkt]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfdɪˈstrʌkt]

Ⅰvi.

自毁

Ⅱadj.

使自毁的

self-destruct

self-destruct self-destructs self-destructing self-destructed
If someone self-destructs , they do something that seriously damages their chances of success.

- They're going to be famous, but unless something happens, they're going to self-destruct.

- He won the election because the Democrats self-destructed in their primary.

VB

self-destructive

self-destructive
Self-destructive behaviour is harmful to the person who behaves in that way.

- A reckless, self-destructive streak prevented Janssen from finding happiness outside his art.

ADJ-GRADED

self-determination

[D.J.:ˌselfdɪˌtɜ:məˈneɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfdɪˌtə..məˈneʃən]

n.

自己决定

民族自决

self-determination *

self-determination
Self-determination is the right of a country to be independent, instead of being controlled by a foreign country, and to choose its own form of government.
N-UNCOUNT
= independence

self-discipline

[D.J.:ˈselfˈdɪsəplɪn]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈdɪsəplɪn]

n.

自我训练;自我修养

self-discipline

self-discipline
Self-discipline is the ability to control yourself and to make yourself work hard or behave in a particular way without needing anyone else to tell you what to do.

- Exercising at home alone requires a tremendous amount of self-discipline.

N-UNCOUNT

self-disciplined

[D.J.:selfˈdisiplind]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈdɪsəplɪnd]

adj.

有自我约束力的；能律己的

self-disciplined

self-disciplined
Someone who is self-disciplined has the ability to control themselves and to make themselves work hard or behave in a particular way without needing anyone else to tell them what to do.

- Most religions teach you to be truthful, self-disciplined, kind to others.

ADJ-GRADED

self-doubt

[D.J.:ˈselfˈdaut]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈdaʊt]

n.

缺少自信,自我疑惑

self-doubt

self-doubt
Self-doubt is a lack of confidence in yourself and your abilities.
N-UNCOUNT
≠ confidence

self-drive

adj.

租车自己驾驶的

self-drive

1. self-drive
A self-drive car is one which you hire and drive yourself. (BRIT; in AM use rental car )

- Any holiday in the USA and Canada is enhanced by renting a self-drive car.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. self-drive
A self-drive holiday is one where you drive yourself to the place where you are staying, rather than being taken there by plane or coach. (BRIT)

- ...the growth in popularity of self-drive camping holidays.

ADJ: ADJ n

self-educated

[D.J.:ˈselfˈedʒəˌkeɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈɛdʒəˌketɪd]

adj.

自修的;自学的

self-educated

self-educated
People who are self-educated have acquired knowledge or a skill by themselves, rather than being taught it by someone else such as a teacher at school.

- ...a self-educated man from a working class background.

ADJ

self-effacement

[ˈselfiˈfeismənt]

n.

不出风头,谦逊

self-effacement

self-effacement
Someone's self-effacement is their unwillingness to talk about themselves or draw attention to themselves.

- Modest to the point of self-effacement, he would be easy to forget immediately after a short meeting.

N-UNCOUNT
= modesty

self-effacing

[D.J.:selfiˈfeisiŋ]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfɪˈfesɪŋ]

adj.

不出风头的,不喜出风头的,谦让的,谦卑的,所在后头的

self-effacing

self-effacing
Someone who is self-effacing does not like talking about themselves or drawing attention to themselves.

- As women we tend to be self-effacing and make light of what we have achieved.

- ...the slightly self-effacing manner adopted by many diplomats.

ADJ-GRADED
= modest

self-employed

[D.J.:ˌselfemˈplɔɪd]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfɛmˈplɔɪd]

adj.

自己经营的;个体经营的

自由业的;自雇的

self-employed *

1. self-employed
If you are self-employed , you organize your own work and taxes and are paid by people for a service you provide, rather than being paid a regular salary by a person or a firm.

- There are no paid holidays or sick leave if you are self-employed.

- ...a self-employed builder.

ADJ

2. self-employed
The self-employed are people who are self-employed.

- We want more support for the self-employed.

N-PLURAL: the N

self-esteem

[D.J.:ˌselfɪˈsti:m]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfɪˈstim]

n.

自尊

自负

self-esteem **

self-esteem
Your self-esteem is how you feel about yourself. For example, if you have low self-esteem , you do not like yourself, you do not think that you are a valuable person, and therefore you do not behave confidently.

- Poor self-esteem is at the centre of many of the difficulties we experience in our relationships.

N-UNCOUNT

self-esteem

noun

self-respect

confidence

faith in oneself

pride

self-assurance

self-regard

self-evident

[D.J.:ˈselfˈevɪdənt]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈɛvɪdənt]

adj.

不证自明的;不言而喻的

self-evident *

1. self-evident
A fact or situation that is self-evident is so obvious that there is no need for proof or explanation.

- It is self-evident that we will never have enough resources to meet the demand.

- The implications for this country are self-evident.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= obvious

2. self-evidently

- The task was self-evidently impossible.

- Self-evidently a handful of companies will benefit.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with cl/group

self-evident

adjective

obvious

clear

incontrovertible

inescapable

undeniable

self-examination

[D.J.:ˈselfˌiɡzæmiˈneiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfɪɡˌzæməˈneʃən]

n.

反省,自省

self-examination

1. self-examination
Self-examination is thought that you give to your own character and actions, for example in order to judge whether you have been behaving in a way that is acceptable to your own set of values.

- The events in Los Angeles have sparked a new national self-examination.

- Once you've picked a company that seems right for you, you have to make sure you're right for it. This is a time for some more self-examination.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

2. self-examination
Self-examination is the act of examining your own body to check whether or not you have any signs of a particular disease or illness.

- Breast self-examination is invaluable for detecting cancer in its very early stages.

N-UNCOUNT

self-explanatory

[D.J.:ˌselfɪkˈsplænəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfɪkˈsplænəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

adj.

不解自明的;明显的

self-explanatory

self-explanatory
Something that is self-explanatory is clear and easy to understand without needing any extra information or explanation.

- I hope the graphs on the following pages are self-explanatory.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

self-expression

[D.J.:ˌself-ɪksˈpreʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfɪkˈsprɛʃən]

n.

(以艺术、文学创作等方式)自我表现, 个性表现

self-expression

self-expression
Self-expression is the expression of your personality, feelings, or opinions, for example through an artistic activity such as drawing or dancing.

- The conflict between the urge for self-expression and the pressure to conform is a central one for her.

- Clothes are a fundamental form of self-expression.

N-UNCOUNT

self-fulfilling

[D.J.:ˌselffulˈfiliŋ]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlffʊlˈfɪlɪŋ]

adj.

①自我实现的，实现自己抱负的②(预言等)本身自然会实现的

self-fulfilling

self-fulfilling
If you describe a statement or belief about the future as self-fulfilling , you mean that what is said or believed comes true because people expect it to come true.

- It's a case of the self-fulfilling prophecy. If you think a group is hostile, then you behave towards them as if they were hostile and they in return act with hostility.

ADJ

self-governing

[D.J.:ˈselfˈgʌvənɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈɡʌvənɪŋ]

adj.

自治的;自制的

self-governing *

self-governing
A self-governing region or organization is governed or run by its own people rather than by the people of another region or organization.

- ...a self-governing province...

- The local hospital was one of the first to apply to become self-governing.

ADJ
= self-rule

self-government

[D.J.:ˈselfˈgʌvənmənt]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈɡʌvənmənt]

n.

自治

自制,克己

self-government *

self-government
Self-government is government of a country or region by its own people rather than by others.
N-UNCOUNT

self-help

[D.J.:ˌselfˈhelp]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈhɛlp]

n.

自助, 自立

self-help *

1. self-help
Self-help consists of people providing support and help for each other in an informal way, rather than relying on the government, authorities, or other official organizations.

- She helped her Mum set up a self-help group for parents with over-weight children.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. self-help
Self-help consists of doing things yourself to try and solve your own problems without depending on other people.

- ...a society that encourages competitiveness and self-help among the very young.

- ...a self-help book.

N-UNCOUNT

self-image

[D.J.:ˈselfˈimidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈɪmɪdʒ]

n.

自我形象

self-image

self-image self-images
Your self-image is the set of ideas you have about your own qualities and abilities.

- Children who have a positive self-image are less likely to present behaviour and discipline problems.

N-COUNT: usu sing

self-importance

[D.J.:ˌself-ɪmˈpɔ:təns]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfɪmˈpɔrtns]

n.

自大, 自视过高

self-important

[D.J.:ˌselfɪmˈpɔ:tənt]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfɪmˈpɔrtn..t]

adj.

高傲的，妄自尊大的

self-important

1. self-important
If you say that someone is self-important , you disapprove of them because they behave as if they are more important than they really are.

- He was self-important, vain and ignorant.

- ...self-important officials.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= pompous arrogant

2. self-importance

- Many visitors complained of his bad manners and self-importance.

N-UNCOUNT

self-important

adjective

conceited

bigheaded

cocky

full of oneself

pompous

swollen-headed

self-imposed

[D.J.:ˌselfɪmˈpəʊzd]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfɪmˈpozd]

adj.

自己强加的;自愿接受的

self-imposed *

self-imposed
A self-imposed restriction, task, or situation is one that you have deliberately created or accepted for yourself.

- He returned home in the summer of 1974 after eleven years of self-imposed exile.

- Sometimes a well-defined job becomes cluttered with self-imposed tasks.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

self-indulgence

[D.J.:ˈselfinˈdʌldʒəns]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfɪnˈdʌldʒəns]

n.

放纵,任性

self-indulgence

self-indulgence self-indulgences
Self-indulgence is the act of allowing yourself to have or do the things that you enjoy very much.

- He prayed to be saved from self-indulgence.

- Going to the movies in the afternoon is one of my big self-indulgences.

N-VAR

self-indulgence

noun

intemperance

excess

extravagance

self-indulgent

[D.J.:ˌselfɪnˈdʌldʒənt]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfɪnˈdʌldʒənt]

adj.

<贬>放纵自己的

self-indulgent

self-indulgent
If you say that someone is self-indulgent , you mean that they allow themselves to have or do the things that they enjoy very much.

- Why give publicity to this self-indulgent, adolescent oaf?.

- To buy flowers for myself seems wildly self-indulgent.

ADJ-GRADED

self-inflicted

[D.J.:ˌselfɪnˈflɪktɪd]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfɪnˈflɪktɪd]

adj.

自己造成的;加于自身的

self-inflicted

self-inflicted
A self-inflicted wound or injury is one that you do to yourself deliberately.

- He is being treated for a self-inflicted gunshot wound.

ADJ

self-interest

[D.J.:ˈselfˈɪntrɪst, -ˈɪntərɪst]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈɪntrɪst, -ˈɪntərɪst]

n.

利己主义;私利

self-interest *

self-interest
If you accuse someone of self-interest , you disapprove of them because they always want to do what is best for themselves rather than for anyone else.

- Their current protests are motivated purely by self-interest.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

self-interested

[ˌselfˈintəristid]

adj.

利己主义的,自我本位的

self-interested

self-interested
If you describe someone as self-interested , you disapprove of them because they always want to do what is best for themselves rather than for other people.

- Narrowly self-interested behaviour is ultimately self-defeating.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

selfish

[D.J.:ˈselfiʃ]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfɪʃ]

adj.

自私的, 利己的

selfishly

[D.J.:ˈselfɪʃlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈs ɛlfɪʃlɪ]

adv.

自私地;任性地

selfishness

[D.J.:ˈselfɪʃnɪs]

[K.K.: ˈsɛlfɪʃnɪs]

n.

自私；自我中心;利己主义;任性

selfish **

1. selfish
If you say that someone is selfish , you mean that he or she cares only about himself or herself, and not about other people.

- I think I've been very selfish. I've been mainly concerned with myself.

- ...the selfish interests of a few people.

ADJ-GRADED

2. selfishly

- The government's image has been tarnished because Cabinet Ministers are selfishly pursuing their own vested interests.

ADV: usu ADV with v

3. selfishness

- The arrogance and selfishness of different interest groups never ceases to amaze me.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

selfish

adjective

self-centred

egoistic

egoistical

egotistic

egotistical

greedy

self-interested

ungenerous

self-knowledge

[D.J.:ˈselfˈnɔlədʒ]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈnɑlɪdʒ]

n.

自知之明,自觉

self-knowledge

self-knowledge
Self-knowledge is knowledge that you have about your own character and nature.

- The more self-knowledge we have, the more control we can exert over our feelings and behaviour.

N-UNCOUNT

selfless

[D.J.:ˈselflɪs]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlflɪs]

adj.

无私的, 忘我的

selflessly

adv.

无私地,忘我地

selflessness

n.

无私,忘我

selfless *

1. selfless
If you say that someone is selfless , you approve of them because they care about other people more than themselves.

- She was a wonderful companion and her generosity to me was entirely selfless.

- Perhaps the only all-enduring and selfless love was that of a mother for her child.

ADJ-GRADED approval

2. selflessly

- I've never known anyone who cared so selflessly about children.

ADV-GRADED

3. selflessness

- I have enormous regard for his selflessness on behalf of his fellow man.

N-UNCOUNT

selfless

adjective

unselfish

altruistic

generous

self-denying

self-sacrificing

self-loathing

self-loathing
If someone feels self-loathing , they feel great dislike and disgust for themselves.
N-UNCOUNT

self-made

[D.J.:ˈselfˈmeɪd]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈmed]

adj.

自制的,自造的

靠自己努力而成功的,白手起家的

self-made

self-made
Self-made is used to describe people who have become successful and rich through their own efforts, especially if they started life without money, education, or high social status.

- He is a self-made man.

- ...a self-made millionaire.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

self-obsessed

self-obsessed
If you describe someone as self-obsessed , you are criticizing them for spending too much time thinking about themselves or their own problems.
ADJ-GRADED disapproval

self-parody

self-parody self-parodies
Self-parody is a way of performing or behaving in which you exaggerate and make fun of the way you normally perform or behave.

- By the end of his life, Presley's vocals often descended close to self-parody.

N-VAR

self-pity

[D.J.:ˈselfˈpɪti:]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈpɪti]

n.

自怜

self-pity *

self-pity
Self-pity is a feeling of unhappiness that you have about yourself and your problems, especially when this is unnecessary or greatly exaggerated.

- I was unable to shake off my self-pity.

- Throughout, he showed no trace of self-pity.

N-UNCOUNT

self-pitying

self-pitying
Someone who is self-pitying is full of self-pity.

- At the risk of sounding self-pitying, I'd say it has been harder on me than it has on Joanne.

ADJ-GRADED

self-portrait

[D.J.:ˈselfˈpɔ:trɪt, -ˌtreɪt, -ˈpəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈpɔrtrɪt, -ˌtret, -ˈpor-]

n.

自画像

self-portrait

self-portrait self-portraits
A self-portrait is a drawing, painting, or written description that you do of yourself.
N-COUNT

self-possessed

[ˈselfpəˈzest]

adj.

镇静的,冷静的,沉着的,有自制力的

self-possessed

self-possessed
Someone who is self-possessed is calm and confident and in control of their emotions.

- She is clearly the most articulate and self-possessed member of her family.

ADJ-GRADED
= self-assured

self-possessed

adjective

self-assured

collected

confident

cool

poised

unruffled

self-possession

[D.J.:ˌselfpəˈzeʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfpəˈzɛʃən]

n.

沉着;泰然自若

self-possession

self-possession
Self-possession is the quality of being self-possessed.

- She found her customary self-possession had deserted her.

N-UNCOUNT
= self-assurance

self-preservation

[D.J.:ˈselfˌprezəˈveiʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfˌprɛzɚˈveʃən]

n.

自卫本能

self-preservation

self-preservation
Self-preservation is the action of keeping yourself safe or alive in a dangerous situation, often without thinking about what you are doing.

- The police have the same human urge for self-preservation as the rest of us.

N-UNCOUNT

self-proclaimed

[D.J.:ˈselfprəˈkleimd]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfproˈklemd, -prə-]

adj.

自称的

self-proclaimed *

1. self-proclaimed
Self-proclaimed is used to show that someone has given themselves a particular title or status rather than being given it by other people.

- ...a self-proclaimed expert...

- He is President of his own self-proclaimed republic.

ADJ: ADJ n
= self-declared

2. self-proclaimed
Self-proclaimed is used to show that someone says themselves that they are a type of person which most people would be embarrassed or ashamed to be.

- One of the prisoners is a self-proclaimed racist who opened fire on a crowd four years ago.

- ...a self-proclaimed Anglophile.

ADJ: ADJ n
= self-declared

self-raising flour

self-raising flour
Self-raising flour is flour that makes cakes rise when they are cooked because it has chemicals added to it. (BRIT; in AM use self-rising flour )
N-UNCOUNT

self-regulation

[ˈselfˌreɡjuˈleiʃən]

n.

自动调节

self-regulation

self-regulation
Self-regulation is the controlling of a process or activity by the people or organizations that are involved in it rather than by an outside organization such as the government.

- Competition between companies is too fierce for self-regulation to work.

N-UNCOUNT

self-regulatory

[selfˈreɡjuleitəri]

adj.

自动调节的

self-regulatory

self-regulatory
Self-regulatory systems, organizations, or activities are controlled by the people involved in them, rather than by outside organizations or rules.

- For a self-regulatory system to work, the consent of all those involved is required.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also self-regulating

self-reliance

[D.J.:ˈselfriˈlains]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfrɪˈlaɪəns]

n.

自恃,倚靠自己

self-reliance

self-reliance
Self-reliance is the ability to do things and make decisions by yourself, without needing other people to help you.

- People learned self-reliance because they had to.

- The Prime Minister called for more economic self-reliance.

N-UNCOUNT
= independence

self-reliant

[D.J.:ˌselfrɪˈlaɪənt]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfrɪˈlaɪənt]

adj.

依靠自己的；独立的

self-reliant

self-reliant
If you are self-reliant , you are able to do things and make decisions by yourself, without needing other people to help you.

- She is intelligent and self-reliant, speaking her mind and not suffering fools gladly.

ADJ-GRADED
= independent

self-reliant

adjective

independent

self-sufficient

self-supporting

self-respect

[D.J.:ˌselfrɪˈspekt]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfrɪˈspɛkt]

n.

自尊心;自重

self-respect *

self-respect
Self-respect is a feeling of confidence and pride in your own ability and worth.

- They have lost not only their jobs, but their homes, their self-respect and even their reason for living.

N-UNCOUNT

self-respect

noun

pride

dignity

morale

self-esteem

self-respecting

[selfrisˈpektiŋ]

adj.

有自尊心的,自重的

self-respecting

self-respecting
You can use self-respecting with a noun describing a particular type of person to indicate that something is typical of, or necessary for, that type of person.

- He died as any self-respecting gangster should -- in a hail of bullets.

- No self-respecting gourmet would travel in France without the Michelin red guide.

ADJ: ADJ n

self-restraint

[D.J.:ˌself-risˈtreint]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfrɪˈstrent]

n.

自我克制

self-restraint

self-restraint
If you show self-restraint , you do not do something even though you would like to do it, because you think it would be better not to.
N-UNCOUNT

self-restraint

noun

self-control

self-command

self-discipline

willpower

self-righteous

[D.J.:ˈselfˈraɪtʃəs]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈraɪtʃəs]

adj.

自以为是的

self-righteous

1. self-righteous
If you describe someone as self-righteous , you disapprove of them because they are convinced that they are right in their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviour and that other people are wrong.

- He is critical of the monks, whom he considers narrow-minded and self-righteous.

- ...self-righteous reformers.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. self-righteousness

- Her aggressiveness and self-righteousness caused prickles of anger at the back of his neck.

N-UNCOUNT

self-righteous

adjective

sanctimonious

complacent

holier-than-thou

priggish

self-satisfied

smug

superior

self-rising flour

self-rising flour
Self-rising flour is flour that makes cakes rise when they are cooked because it has chemicals added to it. (AM; in BRIT use self-raising flour )
N-UNCOUNT

self-rule

[D.J.:ˈselfˈru:l]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈrul]

n.

自治

self-rule

self-rule
Self-rule is the same as self-government .

- The agreement gives the territory limited self-rule.

N-UNCOUNT

self-sacrifice

[D.J.:ˈselfˈsækrəˌfaɪs]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈsækrəˌfaɪs]

n.

自我牺牲;献身

self-sacrifice

self-sacrifice
Self-sacrifice is the giving up of what you want so that other people can have what they need or want.

- I thanked my parents for all their self-sacrifice on my behalf.

N-UNCOUNT

self-sacrifice

noun

selflessness

altruism

generosity

self-denial

self-sacrificing

[ˌselfˈsækrifaisiŋ]

adj.

自我牺牲的

self-sacrificing

self-sacrificing
Someone who is self-sacrificing gives up what they want so that other people can have what they need or want.

- He was a generous self-sacrificing man.

ADJ-GRADED

self-same

self-same
You use self-same when you want to emphasize that the person or thing mentioned is exactly the same as the one mentioned previously.

- In the USA and England the governing political parties are calling for a return to traditional methods, while in France the government wants to move away from these self-same traditions.

ADJ: ADJ n also selfsame . emphasis

self-satisfaction

[D.J.:ˈselfˌsætisˈfækʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfˌsætɪsˈfækʃən]

n.

沾沾自喜; 自鸣得意

self-satisfaction

self-satisfaction
Self-satisfaction is the feeling you have when you are self-satisfied.

- He tried hard not to smile in smug self-satisfaction.

N-UNCOUNT
= smugness

self-satisfied

[D.J.:selfˈsætɪsfaɪd]

[K.K.:sɛlfˈsætɪsˌfaɪd]

adj.

沾沾自喜的，自鸣得意的

self-satisfied

self-satisfied
If you describe someone as self-satisfied , you mean that they are too pleased with themselves about their achievements or their situation and they think that nothing better is possible.

- You're so bloody self-satisfied.

- She handed the cigar back to Jason with a self-satisfied smile.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= smug

self-satisfied

adjective

smug

complacent

pleased with oneself

self-congratulatory

self-seeking

[D.J.:ˈselfˈsi:kɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈsikɪŋ]

n.

追逐私利

adj.

追逐私利的

self-seeking

self-seeking
If you describe someone as self-seeking , you disapprove of them because they are interested only in doing things which give them an advantage over other people.

- He said that democracy would open the way for self-seeking politicians to abuse the situation.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

self-seeking

adjective

selfish

careerist

looking out for number one informal

out for what one can get

self-interested

self-serving

self-service

[D.J.:ˈselfˈsɜ:vɪs]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈsə..vɪs]

n.

自助

self-service

self-service
A self-service shop, restaurant, or garage is one where you get things for yourself rather than being served by another person.
ADJ

self-serving

[D.J.:ˈselfˈsə:viŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈsɚvɪŋ]

adj.

自私的,自私自利的

self-serving

self-serving
If you describe someone as self-serving , you are critical of them because they are only interested in what they can get for themselves.

- They suggest that my motives for proposing reform are self-serving and mercenary.

- ...corrupt, self-serving politicians.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

self-styled

[D.J.:ˈselfˈstaɪld]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈstaɪld]

adj.

自称的;自封的

self-styled *

self-styled
If you describe someone as a self-styled leader or expert, you disapprove of them because they claim to be a leader or expert but they do not actually have the right to call themselves this.

- Two of these arrested are said to be self-styled area commanders.

- He fiercely criticised self-styled educational experts for ignoring Shakespeare.

ADJ: ADJ n disapproval

self-sufficiency

[ˌselfsəˈfiʃənsi]

n.

自足,自负

self-sufficiency *

self-sufficiency
Self-sufficiency is the state of being self-sufficient.
N-UNCOUNT

self-sufficient

[D.J.:ˌselfsəˈfɪʃənt]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfsəˈfɪʃənt]

adj.

自足的;极为自负的;傲慢的

self-sufficient *

1. self-sufficient
If a country or group is self-sufficient , it is able to produce or make everything that it needs.

- This enabled the country to become self-sufficient in sugar.

- Using traditional methods poor farmers can be virtually self-sufficient.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

2. self-sufficient
Someone who is self-sufficient is able to live happily without anyone else.

- Although she had various boyfriends, Madeleine was, and remains, fiercely self-sufficient.

- He'd created a tiny, self-sufficient world for himself.

ADJ-GRADED
= independent

self-supporting

[D.J.:ˌselfsəˈpɔ:tɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfsəˈpɔrtɪŋ]

adj.

(指人)自食其力的

self-supporting

self-supporting
Self-supporting is used to describe organizations, schemes, and people who earn enough money to not need financial help from anyone else.

- The income from visitors makes the museum self-supporting.

- The parents were determined that the two girls should be fully self-supporting.

ADJ

self-sustaining

[D.J.:selfsəsˈteiniŋ]

[K.K.:ˌsɛlfsəˈstenɪŋ]

adj.

自立的,自谋生活的

self-sustaining

self-sustaining
A self-sustaining process or system is able to continue by itself without anyone or anything else becoming involved.

- Asia's emerging economies will be on a self-sustaining cycle of growth.

- Biologists say the area might be large enough to support a self-sustaining population.

ADJ

self-taught

[D.J.:ˈselfˈtɔ:t]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈtɔt]

adj.

独学的;自修的

self-taught

self-taught
If you are self-taught , you have learned a skill by yourself rather than being taught it by someone else such as a teacher at school.

- Paul is self-taught and became interested in photography just four years ago.

- ...a self-taught musician.

ADJ

self-will

[D.J.:ˈselfˈwil]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈwɪl]

n.

任性,固执

self-will

self-will
Someone's self-will is their determination to do what they want without caring what other people think.

- She had a little core of self-will that gave her a sparkle lacking in Isabel.

N-UNCOUNT

self-willed

[ˈselfwild]

adj.

任性的,顽固的

self-willed

self-willed
Someone who is self-willed is determined to do the things that they want to do and will not take advice from other people.

- He was very independent and self-willed.

ADJ-GRADED

self-worth

[D.J.:selfˈwə:θ]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlfˈwɚθ]

n.

自尊,自大,自负

self-worth

self-worth
Self-worth is the feeling that you have good qualities and have achieved good things.

- Try not to link your sense of self-worth to the opinions of others.

N-UNCOUNT

sell

[D.J.:sel]

[K.K.:sɛl]

vt. & vi.

卖; 售; 销

vt.

经销; 推销

出卖, 背叛

n.

卖, 销售

欺骗; 失望

selling

[D.J.:ˈseliŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlɪŋ]

n.

贩卖,出售

sold

[D.J.:səʊld]

[K.K.:sold]

(sell的过去式和过去分词)

be sold on sth

热中于；对…非常感兴趣

sell *****

1. sell sells selling sold
If you sell something that you own, you let someone have it in return for money.

- I sold everything I owned except for my car and my books.

- His heir sold the painting to the London art dealer Agnews.

- The directors sold the business for £14.8 million.

- It's not a very good time to sell at the moment.

VB

2. sell sells selling sold
If a shop sells a particular thing, it is available for people to buy there.

- It sells everything from hair ribbons to oriental rugs.

- Bean sprouts are also sold in cans.

VB

3. sell sells selling sold
If something sells for a particular price, that price is paid for it.

- Unmodernised property can sell for up to 40 per cent of its modernised market value.

- ... grain sells at 10 times usual prices.

VB

4. sell sells selling sold
If something sells , it is bought by the public, usually in fairly large quantities.

- Even if this album doesn't sell and the critics don't like it, we wouldn't ever change.

- The company believes the products will sell well in the run-up to Christmas.

VB

5. sell sells selling sold
Something that sells a product makes people want to buy the product.

- It is only the sensational that sells news magazines.

- ...car manufacturers' long-held maxim that safety doesn't sell.

VB

6. sell sells selling sold
If you sell someone an idea or proposal, or sell someone on an idea, you convince them that it is a good one.

- She tried to sell me the idea of buying my own paper shredder.

- She is hoping she can sell the idea to clients.

- An employee sold him on the notion that cable was the medium of the future.

- You know, I wasn't sold on this trip in the beginning.

VB

7. sell
If someone sells their body , they have sex for money.

- 85 per cent said they would rather not sell their bodies for a living.

PHR: V and N inflect

8. sell
If someone sells you down the river , they betray you for some personal profit or advantage.

- He has been sold down the river by the people who were supposed to protect him.

PHR: V inflects

9. sell
If you sell someone short , you do not point out their good qualities as much as you should or do as much for them as you should.

- They need to improve their image -- they are selling themselves short.

- Selling their fans short in such a shabby way is not acceptable.

PHR: V inflects

10. sell
If you talk about someone selling their soul in order to get something, you are criticizing them for abandoning their principles.

- ...a man who would sell his soul for political viability.

PHR: V and N inflect disapproval

sold

sold
Sold is the past tense and past participle of sell .

sell

verb

1.

trade

barter

exchange

2.

deal in

handle

market

peddle

retail

stock

trade in

traffic in

selling

noun

dealing

business

trading

traffic

sell off *****

sell off sells off; selling off; sold off
If you sell something off , you sell it because you need the money.

- The company is selling off some sites and concentrating on cutting debts.

- We had to sell things off to pay the brewery bill.

PHR-V
See also sell-off .

sell on *****

sell on sells on; selling on; sold on
If you buy something and then sell it on , you sell it to someone else soon after buying it, usually in order to make a profit.

- Mr Farrier bought cars at auctions and sold them on.

- The arms had been sold to a businessman; he sold them on to paramilitary groups.

PHR-V

sell out *****

1. sell out sells out; selling out; sold out
If a shop sells out of something, it sells all its stocks of it, so that there is no longer any left for people to buy.

- Hardware stores have sold out of water pumps and tarpaulins.

- The next day the bookshops sold out.

PHR-V

2. sell out sells out; selling out; sold out
If a performance, sports event, or other entertainment sells out , all the tickets for it are sold.

- Football games often sell out well in advance.

PHR-V

3. sell out sells out; selling out; sold out
When things sell out , all of them that are available are sold.

- Sleeping bags sold out almost immediately.

- Tickets for the show sold out in 70 minutes.

PHR-V

4. sell out sells out; selling out; sold out
If you accuse someone of selling out , you disapprove of the fact that they do something which used to be against their principles, or give in to an opposing group.

- The young in particular see him as a man who will not sell out or be debased by the compromises of politics.

- Many of his Greenwich Village associates thought Dylan had sold out to commercialism.

PHR-V disapproval

5. sell out sells out; selling out; sold out
Sell out means the same as sell up . (AM)

- I hear she's going to sell out and move to the city.

PHR-V

sold out *

1. sold out
If a performance, sports event, or other entertainment is sold out , all the tickets for it have been sold.

- The premiere on Monday is sold out.

ADJ: v-link ADJ

2. sold out
If a shop is sold out of something, it has sold all of it that it had.

- The stores are sometimes sold out of certain groceries.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ of n
See also sell out .

sell out

verb

1.

dispose of

be out of stock of

get rid of

run out of

2.

betray

double-cross informal

sell down the river informal

stab in the back

sell up *****

sell up sells up; selling up; sold up
If you sell up , you sell everything you have, such as your house or your business, because you need the money. (BRIT; in AM use sell out )

- ...all these farmers going out of business and having to sell up...

- He advised Evans to sell up his flat and move away to the country.

PHR-V

sell-by date

1. sell-by date sell-by dates
The sell-by date on a food container is the date by which the food should be sold or eaten before it starts to decay. (BRIT; in AM use expiration date )

- ...a piece of cheese four weeks past its sell-by date.

N-COUNT

2. sell-by date
If you say that someone or something is past their sell-by date , you mean they are no longer effective, interesting, or useful. (BRIT)

- They are tired of clapped-out formulas being regurgitated by people long past their sell-by date.

PHR: N inflects, v-link PHR disapproval

seller

[D.J.:ˈselə]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlɚ]

n.

卖者;卖方;销售者

销售物；销售品

a seller’s market

卖方市场

seller **

1. seller sellers
A seller of a type of thing is a person or company that sells that type of thing.

- ...a flower seller.

- ...Kraft, the largest seller of cheese in the United States.

N-COUNT: n N, N of n
= vendor

2. seller sellers
In a business deal, the seller is the person who is selling something to someone else.

- In theory, the buyer could ask the seller to have a test carried out.

- Housing became a seller's market, and prices zoomed up.

N-COUNT: usu the N
= vendor ≠ buyer purchaser

3. seller sellers
If you describe a product as, for example, a big seller , you mean that large numbers of it are being sold.

- The gift shop's biggest seller is a photo of Nixon meeting Presley.

N-COUNT: adj N
See also best seller .

seller

noun

dealer

agent

merchant

purveyor

retailer

salesman or saleswoman

supplier

vendor

selling point

selling point selling points
A selling point is a desirable quality or feature that something has which makes it likely that people will want to buy it.
N-COUNT

selling price

selling price selling prices
The selling price of something is the price for which it is sold.
N-COUNT: usu sing

sell-off

[D.J.:ˈselˌɔ:f, -ˌɔf]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlˌɔf, -ˌɑf]

n.

证券的跌价

sell-off *

sell-off sell-offs
The sell-off of something, for example an industry owned by the state or a company's shares, is the selling of it.

- The privatisation of the electricity industry -- the biggest sell-off of them all.

- There is no question of any `sell-off' of Russian land or assets.

N-COUNT: usu with supp also selloff .

Sellotape

[ˈseləteip]

n.

(通常透明的)纤维素[塑料]胶带

vt.

用透明胶带粘贴

Sellotape

1. Sellotape
Sellotape is a clear sticky tape that you use to stick paper or card together or onto a wall. (TRADEMARK) (BRIT; in AM use Scotch tape )
N-UNCOUNT

2. Sellotape Sellotapes Sellotaping Sellotaped
If you Sellotape one thing to another, you stick them together using Sellotape. (TRADEMARK) (BRIT; in AM use tape )

- I sellotaped the note to his door.

VB

sell-out

[D.J.:ˈselˌaʊt]

[K.K.:ˈsɛlˌaʊt]

卖光；脱销

演出(或比赛等的)满座

背叛；出卖

sell-out *

1. sell-out sell-outs
If a play, sports event, or other entertainment is a sell-out , all the tickets for it are sold.

- Their concert there was a sell-out.

- ...sell-out shows.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N n also sellout .

2. sell-out sell-outs
If you describe someone's behaviour as a sell-out , you disapprove of the fact that they have done something which used to be against their principles, or given in to an opposing group.

- For some, his decision to become a Socialist candidate at Sunday's election was simply a sell-out.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N to n also sellout . disapproval

sell-through

adj.

(预录带等)只供销售不供租借的

sell-through

sell-through
A sell-through video is a film on video that you can buy.
ADJ: ADJ n

semantic

[D.J.:siˈmæntik]

[K.K.:sɪˈmæntɪk]

adj.

〈语〉语义的; 语义学的

semantic

semantic
Semantic is used to describe things that deal with the meanings of words and sentences.

- He did not want to enter into a semantic debate.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

semantics

[D.J.:sɪˈmæntɪks]

[K.K.:sɪˈmæntɪks]

n.

语义学

semantics

semantics
Semantics is the branch of linguistics that deals with the meanings of words and sentences.
N-UNCOUNT The form semantic is used as a modifier

semaphore

[D.J.:ˈseməˌfɔ:, -ˌfəʊr]

[K.K.:ˈsɛməˌfɔr, -ˌfor]

n.

臂板信号系统;(铁道)臂板信号装置

vt. & vi.

发出信号,打旗语

semaphore

semaphore
Semaphore is a system of sending messages by using two flags. You hold a flag in each hand and move your arms to various positions representing different letters of the alphabet.
N-UNCOUNT

semblance

[D.J.:ˈsembləns]

[K.K.:ˈsɛmbləns]

n.

外表;外观

semblance *

semblance
If there is a semblance of a particular condition or quality, it appears to exist, even though this may be a false impression. (FORMAL)

- At least a semblance of normality has been restored to parts of the country.

- They had nursed Peter back to some semblance of health.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

semblance

noun Informal

appearance

aspect

fa¸cade

mask

pretence

resemblance

show

veneer

semen

[D.J.:ˈsi:men]

[K.K.:ˈsimən]

n.

精液

semen *

semen
Semen is the liquid containing sperm that is produced by the sex organs of men and male animals.
N-UNCOUNT

semester

[D.J.:siˈmestə]

[K.K.:səˈmɛstɚ]

n.

(尤指美国的大专院校的)学期

semester

semester semesters
In colleges and universities in some countries, a semester is one of the two main periods into which the year is divided.
N-COUNT

semi

[D.J.:ˈsemi]

[K.K.:ˈsɛmaɪ, ˈsɛmi]

n.

半独立式住宅

semis

[ˈsemis]

n.

半制成品

semi *

1. semi semis
A semi is a semi-detached house. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= semi-detached

2. semi semis
In a sporting competition, the semis are the semi-finals. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He reached the semis after beating Lendl in the quarterfinal.

N-COUNT: usu pl, usu the N

3. semi semis
A semi is a semi-trailer . (AM)
N-COUNT

semi-

[D.J.:ˈsemaɪ, ˈsemi:]

[K.K.:ˈsɛmaɪ, ˈsɛmi]

pref.

表示“半,不完全地”之义

semi-

semi-
Semi- combines with adjectives and nouns to form other adjectives and nouns that describe someone or something as being partly, but not completely, in a particular state.

- He found Isabel's room in semi-darkness.

- ...semi-skilled workers.

PREFIX

semi-annual

[semiˈænjuəl]

adj.

(发生、出版等)半年一次的

semi-annual

semi-annual
A semi-annual event happens twice a year. (AM; in BRIT usually use biannual )

- ...the semi-annual meeting of the International Monetary Fund.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

semibreve

[D.J.:ˈsemibri:v]

[K.K.:ˈsɛmiˌbrɛv, -ˌbriv, ˈsɛmaɪ-]

n.

全音符

semibreve

semibreve semibreves
A semibreve is a musical note that has a time value equal to two half notes. (BRIT; in AM use whole note )
N-COUNT

semi-circle

半圆形

semi-circle

semi-circle semi-circles
A semi-circle is one half of a circle, or something having the shape of half a circle.

- They stood in a semi-circle round the teacher's chair and answered questions.

N-COUNT also semicircle

semi-circular

semi-circular
Something that is semi-circular has the shape of half a circle.

- ...a semi-circular amphitheatre.

ADJ also semicircular .

semi-colon

semi-colon semi-colons
A semi-colon is the punctuation mark ; which is used in writing to separate different parts of a sentence or list or to indicate a pause.
N-COUNT (AM) usually semicolon

semiconductor

[D.J.:ˌsemikənˈdʌktə]

[K.K.:ˌsɛmikənˈdʌktɚ, ˌsɛmaɪ-]

n.

〈物〉半导体

semiconductor *

semiconductor semiconductors
A semiconductor is a substance used in electronics whose ability to conduct electricity increases with greater heat.
N-COUNT also semi-conductor .

semi-detached

1. semi-detached
A semi-detached house is a house that is joined to another house on one side by a shared wall. (mainly BRIT)

- ...a semi-detached house in Highgate.

ADJ
= semi

2. semi-detached
Also a noun.

- It was an ordinary, post-war semi-detached.

N-SING

semi-final

[D.J.:ˈsemi:ˌfaɪnəl, ˈsemaɪ-]

[K.K.:ˈsɛmiˌfaɪnəl, ˈsɛmaɪ-]

n.

半决赛

adj.

半决赛的

semi-final **

1. semi-final semi-finals
A semi-final is one of the two matches or races in a competition that are held to decide who will compete in the final.

- Steve Lewis won the first semi-final.

N-COUNT (AM) usually semifinal

2. semi-final semi-finals
The semi-finals is the round of a competition in which these two matches or races are held.

- He was beaten in the semi-finals by Chris Dittmar.

N-PLURAL: usu the N (AM) usually semifinal

semi-finalist

semi-finalist semi-finalists
A semi-finalist is a player, athlete, or team that is competing in a semi-final.
N-COUNT (AM) usually semifinalist

seminal

[D.J.:ˈsemənəl]

[K.K.:ˈsɛmənəl]

adj.

种子的,精液的

对以后发展有巨大影响的

seminal *

seminal
Seminal is used to describe things such as books, works, events, and experiences that have a great influence in a particular field. (FORMAL)

- ...author of the seminal book `Animal Liberation'...

- The reforms have been a seminal event in the history of the NHS.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

seminal

adjective

influential

formative

ground-breaking

important

innovative

original

seminar

[D.J.:ˈseminɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈsɛməˌnɑr]

n.

研讨班, 研讨小组

seminar **

1. seminar seminars
A seminar is a meeting where a group of people discuss a problem or topic.

- ...a series of half-day seminars to help businessmen get the best value from investing in information technology.

N-COUNT

2. seminar seminars
A seminar is a class at a college or university in which the teacher and a small group of students discuss a topic.

- Students are asked to prepare material in advance of each weekly seminar.

N-COUNT

seminarian

[D.J.:ˌsemiˈneəriən]

[K.K.:ˌsɛməˈnɛriən]

n.

神学校学生

seminarian

seminarian seminarians
A seminarian is a student at a seminary.
N-COUNT

seminarist

[ˈseminərist]

n.

〈主英〉神学校学生

seminary

[D.J.:ˈseməˌneri:]

[K.K.:ˈsɛməˌnɛri]

n.

神学院

中等学校

seminarist

n.

神学院学生

seminary

seminary seminaries
A seminary is a college where priests, ministers, or rabbis are trained.
N-COUNT

semiotics

[D.J.:si:miˈɔtiks]

[K.K.:ˌsimiˈɑtɪks, ˌsɛmi-, ˌsimaɪ-]

n.

符号学

症状学

semiotics

semiotics
Semiotics is the academic study of the relationship of language and other signs to their meanings.
N-UNCOUNT

semi-precious

semi-precious
Semi-precious stones are stones such as turquoises and amethysts that are used in jewellery but are less valuable than precious stones such as diamonds and rubies.
ADJ: usu ADJ n (AM) also semiprecious

semi-professional

semi-professional
Semi-professional sports players, musicians, and singers receive some money for playing their sport or for performing but they also have an ordinary job as well.

- ...a semi-professional country musician...

- I played semi-professional soccer for Walsall.

ADJ (AM) also semiprofessional

semi-skilled

semi-skilled
A semi-skilled worker has some training and skills, but not enough to do specialized work.
ADJ: usu ADJ n also semiskilled .

semi-skimmed milk

semi-skimmed milk
Semi-skimmed milk or semi-skimmed is milk from which some of the cream has been removed. (BRIT; in AM use one percent milk or two percent milk )
N-UNCOUNT

Semitic

[D.J.:səˈmɪtɪk]

[K.K.:səˈmɪtɪk]

adj.

闪米特(尤指犹太)人的

闪语族(包括希伯来语、阿拉伯语)的

Semitic *

1. Semitic
Semitic languages are a group of languages that include Arabic and Hebrew.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. Semitic
Semitic people belong to one of the groups of people who speak a Semitic language.

- ...the Semitic races.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. Semitic
Semitic is sometimes used to mean Jewish.
ADJ: usu ADJ n
See also anti-Semitic .

semitone

[D.J.:ˈsemitəun]

[K.K.:ˈsɛmiˌton, ˈsɛmaɪ-]

n.

半音,半音程

semitone

semitone semitones
In Western music, a semitone is the smallest interval between two musical notes. Two semitones are equal to one tone.
N-COUNT

semi-trailer

n.

半拖挂车

semi-trailer

semi-trailer semi-trailers
A semi-trailer is the long rear section of a truck or lorry that can bend when it turns. (AM; in BRIT use trailer )
N-COUNT also semitrailer

semi-tropical

adj.

亚热带的

semi-tropical

1. semi-tropical
Semi-tropical places have warm, wet air.

- ...a semi-tropical island.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also semitropical .

2. semi-tropical
Semi-tropical plants and trees grow in places where the air is warm and wet.

- The inn has a garden of semi-tropical vegetation.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also semitropical .

semolina

[D.J.:ˌseməˈli:nə]

[K.K.:ˌsɛməˈlinə]

n.

粗粒小麦粉

semolina

semolina
Semolina consists of small hard grains of wheat that are used for making sweet puddings with milk and for making pasta.
N-UNCOUNT

Senate ****

1. Senate
The Senate is the smaller and more important of the two parts of the parliament in some countries, for example the United States and Australia.

- The Senate is expected to pass the bill shortly.

- ...a Senate committee.

N-PROPER-COLL: usu the N

2. Senate
Senate or the Senate is the governing council at some universities.

- By the time I was Vice Chancellor, Senate had become a much larger and a much more democratic body.

- The new bill would remove student representation from the university Senate.

N-PROPER-COLL

senator

[D.J.:ˈsenətə]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnətɚ]

n.

参议员

senator ***

senator
A senator is a member of a political Senate, for example in the United States or Australia.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE

senatorial

[D.J.:senəˈtɔ:riəl]

[K.K.:ˌsɛnəˈtɔriəl, -ˈtor-]

adj.

参议院的,参议员的

senatorial

senatorial
Senatorial means belonging to or relating to a Senate. (FORMAL)

- He has senatorial experience in defence and foreign policy.

ADJ: ADJ n

send

[D.J.:send]

[K.K.:sɛnd]

vt.

送, 寄; 派遣

使…猛然[迅速]移动

vt. & vi.

用无线电波发送; 发出信息

sending

[ˈsendiŋ]

n.

发送,派遣;发射

sent

[D.J.:sent]

[K.K.:sɛnt]

(send的过去式和过去分词)

these things are sent to try us

(表示只能接受令人不快的事实)这是对我们的考验，这是上天的安排

send *****

1. send sends sending sent
When you send someone something, you arrange for it to be taken and delivered to them, for example by post.

- Myra Cunningham sent me a note thanking me for dinner.

- I sent a copy to the minister for transport.

- He sent a basket of exotic fruit and a card.

- Sir Denis took one look and sent it back.

- More than half a million sheep are sent from Britain to Europe for slaughter every year.

VB

2. send sends sending sent
If you send someone somewhere, you tell them to go there.

- Inspector Banbury came up to see her, but she sent him away.

- He had been sent here to keep an eye on Benedict.

- ...the government's decision to send troops to the region...

- I suggested that he rest, and sent him for an X-ray.

- Reinforcements were being sent from the neighbouring region..

VB

3. send sends sending sent
If you send someone to an institution such as a school or a prison, you arrange for them to stay there for a period of time.

- It's his parents' choice to send him to a boarding school, rather than a convenient day school.

- You're saying they are sending too many people to prison?

VB

4. send sends sending sent
To send a signal means to cause it to go to a place by means of radio waves or electricity.

- The transmitters will send a signal automatically to a local base station.

- ...in 1989, after a 12-year journey to Neptune, the space probe Voyager sent back pictures of Triton, its moon.

VB

5. send sends sending sent
If something sends things or people in a particular direction, it causes them to move in that direction.

- The explosion sent shrapnel flying through the sides of cars on the crowded highway.

- He let David go with a thrust of his wrist that sent the lad reeling.

- The slight back and forth motion sent a pounding surge of pain into his skull.

VB

6. send sends sending sent
To send someone or something into a particular state means to cause them to go into or be in that state.

- My attempt to fix it sent Lawrence into fits of laughter.

- ...before civil war and famine sent the country plunging into anarchy...

- An obsessive search for our inner selves, far from saving the world, could send us all mad.

VB

sent

sent
Sent is the past tense and past participle of send .

send

verb

1.

convey

direct

dispatch

forward

remit

transmit

2.

propel

cast

fire

fling

hurl

let fly

shoot

send away for *****

send away sends away; sending away; sent away
To send away for something means the same as to send for something.

- She sent away for a collection of china birds and a clock.

PHR-V

send down *****

1. send down sends down; sending down; sent down
If a student is sent down from their university or college, they are made to leave because they have behaved very badly. (BRIT; in AM use be expelled )

- She wondered if he had been sent down for gambling.

PHR-V: usu passive

2. send down sends down; sending down; sent down
If someone who is on trial is sent down , they are found guilty and sent to prison. (BRIT; in AM use send up )

- The two rapists were sent down for life in 1983.

PHR-V: usu passive

send for *****

1. send for sends for; sending for; sent for
If you send for someone, you send them a message asking them to come and see you.

- I've sent for the doctor.

PHR-V

2. send for sends for; sending for; sent for
If you send for something, you write and ask for it to be sent to you.

- Send for your free catalogue today.

PHR-V

send for

verb

summon

call for

order

request

send in *****

1. send in sends in; sending in; sent in
If you send in something such as a competition entry or a letter applying for a job, you post it to the organization concerned.

- Applicants are asked to send in a CV and a covering letter.

- We're hoping that readers will send in their ideas for saving money.

PHR-V

2. send in sends in; sending in; sent in
When a government sends in troops or police officers, it orders them to deal with a crisis or problem somewhere.

- He has asked the government to send in troops to end the fighting.

PHR-V

send off *****

1. send off sends off; sending off; sent off
When you send off a letter or package, you send it somewhere by post.

- He sent off copies to various people for them to read and make comments.

PHR-V

2. send off sends off; sending off; sent off
If a soccer player is sent off , the referee makes them leave the field during a game, as a punishment for seriously breaking the rules.

- The 30-year-old Scottish international was sent off for arguing with a linesman.

PHR-V: usu passive
See also sending-off .

send off for *****

send off sends off; sending off; sent off
To send off for something means the same as to send for something.

- I sent off for the Hoseasons catalogue.

PHR-V

send on *****

send on sends on; sending on; sent on
If you send on something you have received, especially a document, you send it to another place or person.

- We coordinate the reports from the overseas divisions, and send them on to headquarters in Athens.

PHR-V

send out *****

1. send out sends out; sending out; sent out
If you send out things such as letters or bills, you send them to a large number of people at the same time.

- She had sent out well over four hundred invitations that afternoon.

PHR-V

2. send out sends out; sending out; sent out
To send out a signal, sound, light, or heat means to produce it.

- The crew did not send out any distress signals.

- Like bats, they send out sound waves and make sense of their environment from the echoes they receive back.

PHR-V

3. send out sends out; sending out; sent out
When a plant sends out roots or shoots, they grow.

- If you cut your rubber plant back, it should send out new side shoots.

PHR-V
= produce

send out for *****

send out sends out; sending out; sent out
If you send out for food, for example pizzas or sandwiches, you phone and ask for it to be delivered to you.

- Let's send out for a pizza and watch The Late Show.

PHR-V

send up *****

1. send up sends up; sending up; sent up
If you send someone or something up , you imitate them in an amusing way that makes them appear foolish. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- You sense he's sending himself up as well as everything else.

- ...a spoof that sends up the macho world of fighter pilots.

PHR-V
= mock

See also send-up .

2. send up sends up; sending up; sent up
If someone who is on trial is sent up , they are found guilty and sent to prison. (AM; in BRIT use send down )

- If I'm going to be sent up for killing one guy, then I might as well kill three more.

PHR-V: usu passive

send up

verb

imitate

burlesque

lampoon

make fun of

mimic

mock

parody

satirize

spoof informal

take off informal

sender

[ˈsendə]

n.

寄件人,发报机,发话机,发送人,发送器

sender *

sender senders
The sender of a letter, package, or radio message is the person who sent it.

- The sender of the best letter every week will win a cheque for £20.

N-COUNT: the N, oft N of n

sending-off

sending-off sendings-off.
If there is a sending-off during a game of soccer, a player is told to leave the field by the referee, as a punishment for seriously breaking the rules.

- He is about to begin a three-match ban after his third sending-off of the season.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

send-off

[D.J.:ˈsendˌɔ:f, -ˌɔf]

[K.K.:ˈsɛndˌɔf, -ˌɑf]

n.

送别,送行

send-off

send-off send-offs
If a group of people give someone who is going away a send-off , they come together to say goodbye to them. (INFORMAL)

- All the people in the buildings came to give me a rousing send-off.

N-COUNT: usu adj N

send-up

[D.J.:ˈsendˌʌp]

[K.K.:ˈsɛndˌʌp]

n.

讽刺,开玩笑性质的模仿

send-up

send-up send-ups
A send-up is a piece of writing or acting in which someone or something is imitated in an amusing way that makes them appear foolish. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- ...his classic send-up of sixties rock, `Get Crazy'.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n
= parody

send-up

noun

imitation

parody

satire

skit

spoof informal

take-off informal

Senegalese

[ˈseniɡəli:z]

n.

塞内加尔人(语)

adj.

塞内加尔的,塞内加尔人(语)的

Senegalese ***

1. Senegalese
Senegalese means belonging or relating to Senegal, or to its people or culture.

- ...the Senegalese navy.

ADJ Senegalese is both the singular and the plural form

2. Senegalese
A Senegalese is a Senegalese citizen, or a person of Senegalese origin.
N-COUNT Senegalese is both the singular and the plural form

senile

[D.J.:ˈsi:ˌnaɪl, ˈsenˌaɪl]

[K.K.:ˈsiˌnaɪl, ˈsɛnˌaɪl]

adj.

衰老的

senility

[D.J.:sɪˈnɪlɪti:]

[K.K.:sɪˈnɪlɪti]

n.

衰老的状态

senile *

1. senile
If old people become senile , they become confused, can no longer remember things, and are unable to look after themselves.
ADJ-GRADED

2. senility

- The old man was forced to resign after showing unmistakable signs of senility.

N-UNCOUNT

senile

adjective

doddering

decrepit

doting

in one's dotage

senility

noun

dotage

decrepitude

infirmity

loss of one's faculties

senile dementia

senile dementia

senile dementia
Senile dementia is a mental illness that affects some old people and that causes them to become confused and to forget things.

- She is suffering from senile dementia.

N-UNCOUNT

senior

[D.J.:ˈsi:njə]

[K.K.:ˈsinjɚ]

adj.

年长的

资深的; 地位高的

〈美〉最高年级的

n.

较年长者

高年级学生

〈美〉毕业班学生

senior ****

1. senior
The senior people in an organization or profession have the highest and most important jobs.

- ...senior officials in the Israeli government.

- ...the company's senior management...

- Television and radio needed many more women in senior jobs.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
≠ junior

2. senior
If someone is senior to you in an organization or profession, they have a higher and more important job than you or they are considered to be superior to you because they have worked there for longer and have more experience.

- The position had to be filled by an officer senior to Haig.

- Williams felt himself to be senior to all of them.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ to n
≠ junior

3. senior seniors
Your seniors are the people who are senior to you.

- He was described by his seniors as a model officer.

N-PLURAL: poss N
≠ junior

4. senior
Senior is used when indicating how much older one person is than another. For example, if someone is ten years your senior , they are ten years older than you.

- She became involved with a married man many years her senior.

N-SING: poss N
≠ junior

5. senior seniors
Seniors are students in a high school, university, or college who are the oldest and who have reached an advanced level in their studies. (AM)
N-COUNT

6. senior
If you take part in a sport at senior level, you take part in competitions with adults and people who have reached a high degree of achievement in that sport.

- This will be his fifth international championship and his third at senior level.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ junior

7. senior seniors
In sports such as golf and tennis, a senior is a professional player who is fairly old and who plays in special competitions against other older players.
N-COUNT

senior

adjective

1.

higher ranking

superior

2.

older

elder

major Brit.

senior citizen *

senior citizen senior citizens
A senior citizen is an older person who has retired or receives an old age pension.
N-COUNT
= pensioner

senior citizen

noun

pensioner

O.A.P.

old age pensioner

old or elderly person

retired person

seniority

[D.J.:si:nˈjɔ:rɪti:, -ˈjɔr-]

[K.K.:sinˈjɔrɪti, -ˈjɑr-]

n.

年长；职位高

年资, 资历

seniority

seniority
A person's seniority in an organization is the importance and power that they have compared with others, or the fact that they have worked there for a long time.

- He has said he will fire editorial employees without regard to seniority.

N-UNCOUNT

seniority

noun

superiority

precedence

priority

rank

sensation

[D.J.:senˈseiʃən]

[K.K.:sɛnˈseʃən]

n.

感觉, 感受

知觉

激动, 轰动

sensation **

1. sensation sensations
A sensation is a physical feeling.

- Floating can be a very pleasant sensation.

- A sensation of burning or tingling may be experienced in the hands.

N-COUNT: with supp
= feeling

2. sensation
Sensation is your ability to feel things physically, especially through your sense of touch.

- The pain was so bad that she lost all sensation.

- ...nerve damage which can lead to loss of sensation in the limbs.

N-UNCOUNT: supp N
= feeling

3. sensation sensations
You can use sensation to refer to the general feeling or impression caused by a particular experience.

- It's a funny sensation to know someone's talking about you in a language you don't understand.

N-COUNT: usu adj N
= feeling

4. sensation sensations
If a person, event, or situation is a sensation , it causes great excitement or interest.

- ...the film that turned her into an overnight sensation.

N-COUNT

5. sensation
If a person, event, or situation causes a sensation , they cause great interest or excitement.

- She was just 14 when she caused a sensation at the Montreal Olympics.

N-SING: a N

sensation

noun

1.

feeling

awareness

consciousness

impression

perception

sense

2.

excitement

commotion

furore

stir

thrill

sensational

[D.J.:senˈseɪʃənəl]

[K.K.:sɛnˈseʃənəl]

adj.

轰动的, 群情激动的

耸人听闻的

极好的;绝妙的

sensational *

1. sensational
A sensational result, event, or situation is so remarkable that it causes great excitement and interest.

- The world champions suffered a sensational defeat.

ADJ-GRADED
= dramatic

2. sensationally

- The rape trial was sensationally halted yesterday.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. sensational
You can describe stories or reports as sensational if you disapprove of them because they present facts in a way that is intended to cause feelings of shock, anger, or excitement.

- ...sensational tabloid newspaper reports.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

4. sensational
You can describe something as sensational when you think that it is extremely good.

- Her voice is sensational.

- Experts agreed that this was a truly sensational performance.

ADJ
= terrific fantastic

5. sensationally

- ...sensationally good food.

ADV

sensational

adjective

1.

dramatic

amazing

astounding

exciting

melodramatic

shock-horror facetious

shocking

thrilling

2.

excellent

fabulous informal

impressive

marvellous

mean slang

mind-blowing informal

out of this world informal

smashing informal

superb

sensationalism

[D.J.:senˈseɪʃənəˌlɪzəm]

[K.K.:sɛnˈseʃənəˌlɪzəm]

n.

<贬>(指行文或报道)耸人听闻,哗众取宠

sensationalism

sensationalism
Sensationalism is the presenting of facts or stories in a way that is intended to produce strong feelings of shock, anger, or excitement.

- The report criticises the newspaper for errors and sensationalism and for being `irresponsible in the extreme'.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

sensationalist

[senˈseiʃnəlist]

n.

感觉论者

sensationalist

sensationalist
Sensationalist news reports and television and radio programmes present the facts in a way that makes them seem worse or more shocking than they really are.

- ...sensationalist headlines...

- The pictures were sensationalist and could seriously disturb younger readers.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

sensationalize

[D.J.:senˈseiʃənˌlaiz]

[K.K.:sɛnˈseʃənəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使引起轰动;以耸人听闻的手法处理

sensationalize

sensationalize sensationalizes sensationalizing sensationalized
If someone sensationalizes a situation or event, they make it seem worse or more shocking than it really is.

- Local news organizations are being criticized for sensationalizing the story.

VB (BRIT) also sensationalise disapproval

sense

[D.J.:sens]

[K.K.:sɛns]

n.

官能, 感官

辨别, 领悟, 感觉

识别力; 常识; 见识

健全的心智; 思维能力; 理性

道理; 目的

意义, 意思

vt.

感觉到; 意识到; 发觉

sensed

感觉,了解

sensing

[ˈsensiŋ]

n.

感觉

sense *****

1. sense senses
Your senses are the physical abilities of sight, smell, hearing, touch, and taste.

- She stared at him again, unable to believe the evidence of her senses.

- ...a keen sense of smell.

N-COUNT
See also sixth sense .

2. sense senses sensing sensed
If you sense something, you become aware of it or you realize it, although it is not very obvious.

- She probably sensed that I wasn't telling her the whole story.

- He looks about him, sensing danger.

- Prost had sensed what might happen.

VB

3. sense
If you have a sense that something is the case, you think that it is the case, although you may not have firm, clear evidence for this belief.

- Suddenly you got this sense that people were drawing themselves away from each other.

- There is no sense of urgency on either side.

N-SING: N that, N of n
See also sense of occasion .

4. sense
If you have a sense of guilt or relief, for example, you feel guilty or relieved.

- When your child is struggling for life, you feel this overwhelming sense of guilt.

- Lulled into a false sense of security, we eagerly awaited their return.

N-SING: N of n
= feeling

5. sense
If you have a sense of something such as duty or justice, you are aware of it and believe it is important.

- My sense of justice was offended.

- We must keep a sense of proportion about all this.

- She needs to regain a sense of her own worth.

N-SING: N of n

6. sense
Someone who has a sense of timing or style has a natural ability with regard to timing or style. You can also say that someone has a bad sense of timing or style.

- He has an impeccable sense of timing.

- Her dress sense is appalling.

- ...his astute business sense.

N-SING: N of n, also n N
See also sense of humour .

7. sense
Sense is the ability to make good judgements and to behave sensibly.

- ...when he was younger and had a bit more sense...

- When that doesn't work they sometimes have the sense to seek help.

- And I'll buzz over to talk some sense into old Ocker.

N-UNCOUNT
See also common sense .

8. sense
If you say that there is no sense or little sense in doing something, you mean that it is not a sensible thing to do because nothing useful would be gained by doing it.

- There's no sense in pretending this doesn't happen.

- There's little sense in trying to outspend a competitor with a much larger service factory.

N-SING: with neg, N in -ing, N -ing
= point

9. sense senses
A sense of a word or expression is one of its possible meanings.

- ...a noun which has two senses...

- Then she remembered that they had no mind in any real sense of that word.

N-COUNT
= meaning

10. sense
Sense is used in several expressions to indicate how true your statement is. For example, if you say that something is true in a sense , you mean that it is partly true, or true in one way. If you say that something is true in a general sense , you mean that it is true in a general way.

- In a sense, both were right.

- In one sense, the fact that few new commercial buildings can be financed does not matter.

- He's not the leader in a political sense.

- Though his background was modest, it was in no sense deprived.

PHR: PHR with cl

11. sense
If something makes sense , you can understand it.

- He was sitting there saying, `Yes, the figures make sense.'.

- It all makes sense now.

PHR: V inflects

12. sense
When you make sense of something , you succeed in understanding it.

- Provided you didn't try to make sense of it, it sounded beautiful.

- This is to help her to come to terms with her early upbringing and make sense of past experiences.

PHR: V inflects
= understand

13. sense
If a course of action makes sense , it seems sensible.

- It makes sense to look after yourself.

- The project should be re-appraised to see whether it made sound economic sense.

- They all said `This is crazy, this makes no sense'.

PHR: V inflects, oft it PHR to-inf

14. sense
If you say that someone has come to their senses or has been brought to their senses , you mean that they have stopped being foolish and are being sensible again.

- Eventually the world will come to its senses and get rid of them.

- May her death bring these people to their senses.

PHR: V inflects

15. sense
If you say that someone seems to have taken leave of their senses , you mean that they have done or said something very foolish. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- They looked at me as if I had taken leave of my senses.

PHR: V inflects

16. sense
If you say that someone talks sense , you mean that what they say is sensible.
PHR: V inflects

sense

noun Informal

1.

faculty

feeling

sensation

2.

feeling

atmosphere

aura

awareness

consciousness

impression

perception

sometimes plural 3.

intelligence

brains informal

cleverness

common sense

judgment

reason

sagacity

sanity

sharpness

understanding

wisdom

wit(s)

4.

meaning

drift

gist

implication

import

significance

verb

5.

perceive

be aware of

discern

feel

get the impression

pick up

realize

understand

senseless

[D.J.:ˈsenslɪs]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnslɪs]

adj.

无知觉的, 不省人事的

愚蠢的

无意义的

senseless *

1. senseless
If you describe an action as senseless , you think it is wrong because it has no purpose and produces no benefit.

- ...people whose lives have been destroyed by acts of senseless violence...

- If your child is thirsty for learning, then it is senseless to hold her back.

ADJ-GRADED
= pointless

2. senseless
If someone is senseless , they are unconscious.

- They were knocked to the ground, beaten senseless and robbed of their wallets.

- Then I saw my boy lying senseless on the floor.

ADJ: ADJ after v, v-link ADJ

senseless

adjective

1.

stupid

asinine

crazy

daft informal

foolish

idiotic

illogical

inane

irrational

mad

mindless

nonsensical

pointless

ridiculous

silly

2.

unconscious

insensible

out

out cold

stunned

sense of direction

1. sense of direction
Your sense of direction is your ability to know roughly where you are, or which way to go, even when you are in an unfamiliar place.

- He had a poor sense of direction, and when he passed the barn for the second time, he was forced to admit that he was lost.

N-SING

2. sense of direction
If you say that someone has a sense of direction , you mean that they seem to have clear ideas about what they want to do or achieve.

- The country now had a sense of direction, he said, after a twenty month period in which its democracy and its integrity were threatened.

N-SING approval

sense of humour **

sense of humour
Someone who has a sense of humour often finds things amusing, rather than being serious all the time.

- He had enormous charm and a great sense of humour.

- ...someone with a very warped sense of humour.

N-SING (AM) sense of humor

sense of occasion

sense of occasion
If there is a sense of occasion when a planned event takes place, people feel that something special and important is happening.

- There is a great sense of occasion and a terrific standard of musicianship.

N-SING

sense organ

sense organ sense organs
Your sense organs are the parts of your body, for example your eyes and your ears, which enable you to be aware of things around you. (FORMAL)
N-COUNT: usu pl

sensibility

[D.J.:ˌsensəˈbɪlɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌsɛnsəˈbɪlɪti]

n.

识别力, 敏感性, 灵敏性

(易生气或易受刺激的)感情

sensibility *

1. sensibility
Sensibility is the ability to experience deep feelings.

- Everything he writes demonstrates the depth of his sensibility.

- ...a man of sensibility.

N-UNCOUNT: usu supp N

2. sensibility sensibilities
Someone's sensibility is their tendency to be influenced or offended by things.

- He was unable to control his sensibility.

- The challenge offended their sensibilities.

N-VAR: usu poss N

sensibility

noun

often plural 1.

feelings

emotions

moral sense

sentiments

susceptibilities

2.

sensitivity

responsiveness

sensitiveness

susceptibility

sensible

[D.J.:ˈsensəbl]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnsəbəl]

adj.

明智的, 合情理的, 切合实际的

可感觉到的

觉察到某事物

sensibly

[D.J.:ˈsensəblɪ]

[K.K.:ˈs ɛnsəblɪ]

adv.

能感觉得出地;显著地,明显地

明智地

理智地

切合实际地；合情理地

sensible ***

1. sensible
Sensible actions or decisions are good because they are based on reasons rather than emotions.

- It might be sensible to get a solicitor.

- The sensible thing is to leave them alone.

- ...sensible advice.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf

2. sensibly

- He sensibly decided to lie low for a while.

- They have very sensibly adjusted their diet.

ADV-GRADED

3. sensible
Sensible people behave in a sensible way.

- She was a sensible girl and did not panic.

- Oh come on, let's be sensible about this.

- I'm trying to persuade you to be more sensible.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n/-ing

4. sensible
Sensible shoes or clothes are practical and strong rather than fashionable and attractive.

- Wear loose clothing and sensible footwear.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

5. sensibly

- They were not sensibly dressed.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v, ADV -ed

sensible

adjective

1.

wise

canny

down-to-earth

intelligent

judicious

practical

prudent

rational

realistic

sage

sane

shrewd

sound

usually with of 2.

aware

conscious

mindful

sensitive to

sensitive

[D.J.:ˈsensitiv]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnsɪtɪv]

adj.

易受伤害的, 易损坏的; 易受影响的; 敏感的

易生气的; 感情容易冲动的; 神经质的

〈褒〉有细腻感情的; 同情理解的

(指仪器等)灵敏的

需要小心处理(以免引起麻烦或冒犯)的, 敏感的, 微妙的

sensitively

[D.J.:ˈsensɪtɪvlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnsətɪvlɪ]

adv.

易受伤害地，易受损坏地，易受影响地

易生气地，感情容易冲动地，神经质地

有细腻感情地，同情理解地

敏感地，微妙地

灵敏地

慎重地；谨慎地；需要小心处理地

sensitivity

[D.J.:ˌsensɪˈtɪvɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪti]

n.

敏感;敏感度

sensitive ***

1. sensitive
If you are sensitive to other people's needs, problems, or feelings, you show understanding and awareness of them.

- The classroom teacher must be sensitive to a child's needs.

- He was always so sensitive and caring.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n approval

2. sensitively

- The abuse of women needs to be treated seriously and sensitively.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. sensitivity

- A good relationship involves concern and sensitivity for each other's feelings.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n

4. sensitive
If you are sensitive about something, you are easily worried and offended when people talk about it.

- Young people are very sensitive about their appearance.

- Take it easy. Don't be so sensitive.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n

5. sensitivity sensitivities

- ...people who suffer extreme sensitivity about what others think...

- They are aware of American political sensitivities about their country's role.

N-VAR: oft N about n

6. sensitive
A sensitive subject or issue needs to be dealt with carefully because it is likely to cause disagreement or make people angry or upset.

- Employment is a very sensitive issue.

- ...politically sensitive matters.

ADJ-GRADED

7. sensitivity

- Due to the obvious sensitivity of the issue he would not divulge any details.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

8. sensitive
Sensitive documents or reports contain information that needs to be kept secret and dealt with carefully.

- He instructed staff to shred sensitive documents.

- ...sensitive information which, in the wrong hands, could jeopardise the safety of British troops.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

9. sensitive
Something that is sensitive to a physical force, substance, or treatment is easily affected by it and often harmed by it.

- ...a chemical which is sensitive to light.

- ...gentle cosmetics for sensitive skin.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n

10. sensitivity

- ...the sensitivity of cells to damage by chemotherapy.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

11. sensitive
A sensitive piece of scientific equipment is capable of measuring or recording very small changes.

- ...an extremely sensitive microscope.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

12. sensitivity

- ...the sensitivity of the detector.

N-UNCOUNT

sensitive

adjective

1.

easily hurt

delicate

tender

2.

susceptible

easily affected

impressionable

responsive

touchy-feely informal

3.

touchy

easily offended

easily upset

thin-skinned

4.

responsive

acute

fine

keen

precise

sensitivity

noun

sensitiveness

delicacy

receptiveness

responsiveness

susceptibility

sensitize

[D.J.:ˈsensitaiz]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnsɪˌtaɪz]

vt.

使某事物或某人敏感

(摄影)使(胶片、纸等)易于感光

sensitized

[ˈsensitaizd]

adj.

激活的

sensitizing

[ˈsensitaiziŋ]

n.

光敏处理

sensitize

1. sensitize sensitizes sensitizing sensitized
If you sensitize people to a particular problem or situation, you make them aware of it. (FORMAL)

- It seems important to sensitize people to the fact that depression is more than the blues.

- How many judges in our male-dominated courts are sensitized to women's issues?

VB (BRIT) also sensitise

2. sensitize sensitizes sensitizing sensitized
If a substance is sensitized to something such as light or touch, it is made sensitive to it.

- Skin is easily irritated, chapped, chafed, and sensitized.

- ...sensitised nerve endings.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also sensitise

sensor

[D.J.:ˈsensə, -ˌsɔ:]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnsɚ, -ˌsɔr]

n.

传感器, 灵敏元件

sensor *

sensor sensors
A sensor is an instrument which reacts to certain physical conditions or impressions such as heat or light, and which is used to provide information.

- The latest Japanese vacuum cleaners contain sensors that detect the amount of dust and type of floor.

- ...a light sensor.

N-COUNT

sensory

[D.J.:ˈsensəri:]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnsəri]

adj.

感觉的,感知的

sensory *

sensory
Sensory means relating to the physical senses. (FORMAL)

- Almost all sensory information from the trunk and limbs passes through the spinal cord.

- ...our body's sensory system.

ADJ: ADJ n

sensual

[D.J.:ˈsenʃu:əl]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnʃuəl]

adj.

肉体上享乐的,性快感的

sensualism

n.

耽于声色;肉欲主义;<哲>感觉论

sensualist

n.

耽于声色的人;肉欲主义者;<哲>感觉论者

sensuality

n.

耽于声色;好色;淫荡

sensually

adv.

耽于声色地;好色地;淫荡地

sensualism

[D.J.:ˈsensjuəlizm]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnʃuəˌlɪzəm]

n.

肉欲方面,肉欲主义,好色,感觉论

sensualist

[ˈsensjuəlist]

n.

好色之徒,感觉论者,感觉主义者

sensuality

[D.J.:ˌsenʃu:ˈælɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌsɛnʃuˈælɪti]

n.

喜爱感官享受

好色;淫荡

sensually

adv.

官能地,好色地

sensual *

1. sensual
Someone or something that is sensual shows or suggests a great liking for physical pleasures, especially sexual pleasures.

- He was a very sensual person.

- Clothing doesn't need to be overt to be sensual.

- ...a wide, sensual mouth.

ADJ-GRADED

2. sensuality

- The wave and curl of her blonde hair gave her sensuality and youth.

N-UNCOUNT

3. sensual
Something that is sensual gives pleasure to your physical senses rather than to your mind.

- It was an opera, very glamorous and very sensual.

- ...sensual dance rhythms.

ADJ-GRADED

4. sensuality

- These perfumes have warmth and sensuality.

N-UNCOUNT

sensual

adjective

1.

physical

animal

bodily

carnal

fleshly

luxurious

voluptuous

2.

erotic

lascivious

lecherous

lewd

lustful

raunchy slang

sexual

sensuality

noun

eroticism

carnality

lasciviousness

lecherousness

lewdness

sexiness informal

voluptuousness

sensuous

[D.J.:ˈsenʃu:əs]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnʃuəs]

adj.

刺激感官的;感觉官能的,给感官以快感的

sensuously

adv.

感觉上

sensuous *

1. sensuous
Something that is sensuous gives pleasure to the mind or body through the senses.

- The film is ravishing to look at and boasts a sensuous musical score.

- It is a sensuous but demanding car to drive.

ADJ-GRADED

2. sensuously

- She lay in the deep bath for a long time, enjoying its sensuously perfumed water.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

3. sensuous
Someone or something that is sensuous shows or suggests a great liking for sexual pleasure.

- ...his sensuous young mistress, Marie-Therese.

- ...wide sensuous lips...

- His voice was deep but gentle, almost sensuous.

ADJ-GRADED
= sensual

4. sensuously

- The nose was straight, the mouth sensuously wide and full.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj, ADV with v

sensuous

adjective

pleasurable

gratifying

hedonistic

sybaritic

sentence

[D.J.:ˈsentəns]

[K.K.:ˈsɛntəns]

n.

句子

宣判, 判决

vt.

宣判; 判决

sentence ****

1. sentence sentences
A sentence is a group of words which, when they are written down, begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop, question mark, or exclamation mark. Most sentences contain a subject and a verb.
N-COUNT

2. sentence sentences
In a law court, a sentence is the punishment that a person receives after they have been found guilty of a crime.

- They are already serving prison sentences for their part in the assassination.

- He was given a four-year sentence.

- The offences carry a maximum sentence of 10 years.

- ...demands for tougher sentences...

- The court is expected to pass sentence later today.

N-VAR
See also death sentence , life sentence , suspended sentence .

3. sentence sentences sentencing sentenced
When a judge sentences someone, he or she states in court what their punishment will be.

- A military court sentenced him to death in his absence.

- She was sentenced to nine years in prison.

- He has admitted the charge and will be sentenced later.

VB

sentence

noun

1.

punishment

condemnation

decision

decree

judgment

order

ruling

verdict

verb

2.

condemn

doom

penalize

sentence adverb

sentence adverb sentence adverbs
Adverbs such as `fortunately' and `perhaps' which apply to the whole clause, rather than to part of it, are sometimes called sentence adverbs .
N-COUNT

sentient

[D.J.:ˈsenʃənt, -ʃi:ənt]

[K.K.:ˈsɛnʃənt, -ʃiənt]

adj.

能感知或感觉事物的

sentiently

adv.

有感觉能力地

sentient

sentient
A sentient being is capable of experiencing things through its senses. (FORMAL)

- ...sentient creatures human and nonhuman alike.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

sentient

adjective

feeling

conscious

living

sensitive

sentiment

[D.J.:ˈsentimənt]

[K.K.:ˈsɛntəmənt]

n.

(对怜悯、怀旧等的)柔情

态度或意见

观点; 意见

sentiment **

1. sentiment sentiments
A sentiment that people have is an attitude which is based on their thoughts and feelings.

- Public sentiment rapidly turned anti-American.

- He's found growing sentiment for military action.

- ...nationalist sentiments that threaten to split the country.

N-VAR: supp N
= feeling

2. sentiment sentiments
A sentiment is an idea or feeling that someone expresses in words.

- I must agree with the sentiments expressed by John Prescott.

- The Foreign Secretary echoed this sentiment.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. sentiment
Sentiment is feelings such as pity or love, especially for things in the past, and may be considered exaggerated and foolish.

- Laura kept that letter out of sentiment.

- The coronation was an occasion for extravagant myth and sentiment.

N-UNCOUNT

sentiment

noun

1.

emotion

sensibility

tenderness

often plural 2.

feeling

attitude

belief

idea

judgment

opinion

view

3.

sentimentality

emotionalism

mawkishness

romanticism

sentimental

[D.J.:ˌsentəˈmentl]

[K.K.:ˌsɛntəˈmɛntl..]

adj.

伤感的, 多愁善感的

感情用事的, 寓有情感的

sentimentality

[D.J.:ˌsentimenˈtæliti]

[K.K.:ˌsɛntəmɛnˈtælɪti]

n.

多愁善感,感伤癖

sentimentally

adv.

富情感地

sentimental **

1. sentimental
Someone or something that is sentimental feels or shows pity or love, sometimes to an extent that is considered exaggerated and foolish.

- I'm trying not to be sentimental about the past.

- It's a very sentimental play.

ADJ-GRADED

2. sentimentally

- Childhood had less freedom and joy than we sentimentally attribute to it.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. sentimentality

- In this book there is no sentimentality.

N-UNCOUNT

4. sentimental
Sentimental means relating to or involving feelings such as pity or love, especially for things in the past.

- Our paintings and photographs are of sentimental value only.

- Perhaps he has returned for sentimental reasons.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

sentimental

adjective

romantic

emotional

maudlin

nostalgic

overemotional

schmaltzy slang

slushy informal

soft-hearted

touching

weepy informal

sentimentality

noun

romanticism

corniness slang

emotionalism

mawkishness

nostalgia

schmaltz slang

sentimentalist

[sentiˈmentəlist]

n.

多愁善感者,感伤主义者

sentimentalist

sentimentalist sentimentalists
If you describe someone as a sentimentalist , you believe that they are sentimental about things.
N-COUNT
≠ realist

sentimentalize

[D.J.:ˌsentiˈmentəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˌsɛntəˈmɛntlˌaɪz]

v.

伤感

sentimentalize

sentimentalize sentimentalizes sentimentalizing sentimentalized
If you sentimentalize something, you make it seem sentimental or think about it in a sentimental way.

- He seems either to fear women or to sentimentalize them.

- He's the kind of filmmaker who doesn't hesitate to over-sentimentalize.

- ...Rupert Brooke's sentimentalised glorification of war.

VB (BRIT) also sentimentalise

sentinel

[D.J.:ˈsentənəl]

[K.K.:ˈsɛntənəl]

n.

岗哨,哨兵

sentinel

sentinel sentinels
A sentinel is a sentry. (OLD-FASHIONED, LITERARY)
N-COUNT

sentinel

noun

guard

lookout

sentry

watch

watchman

sentry

[D.J.:ˈsentri]

[K.K.:ˈsɛntri]

n.

哨兵, 步兵

sentry *

sentry sentries
A sentry is a soldier who guards a camp or a building.

- The sentry would not let her enter.

- Aren't you supposed to be on sentry duty?

N-COUNT

sentry box

sentry box sentry boxes
A sentry box is a narrow shelter with an open front in which a sentry can stand while on duty.
N-COUNT also sentry-box .

Sep

abbr.

September九月

Sep

abbr..

September九月

Sep. **

Sep.
Sep. is a written abbreviation for September . The more usual abbreviation is Sept .

- ...Friday Sep 21, 1990.

separable

[D.J.:ˈsepərəbl]

[K.K.:ˈsɛpərəbəl, ˈsɛprə-]

adj.

可分离的,可分的

separable

separable
If things are separable , they can be separated from each other.

- Character is not separable from physical form but is governed by it.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft ADJ from n

separable

adjective

distinguishable

detachable

divisible

separate

[D.J.:ˈsepəreit]

[K.K.:ˈsɛpəˌret]

vt. & vi.

分开, 隔离

[ˈsepərit]

adj.

不同的, 个别的

单独的, 各自的

分开的, 不相连的

separateness

n.

分开,分离,独自

separates

[ˈsepərits]

n.

可搭配穿着的女服

separating

[ˈsepəreitiŋ]

adj.

分开[离,裂]的

separate ****

1. separate
If one thing is separate from another, there is a barrier, space, or division between them, so that they are clearly two things.

- Each villa has a separate sitting-room.

- They are now making plans to form their own separate party.

- Business bank accounts were kept separate from personal ones.

ADJ: oft ADJ from n

2. separateness

- ...establishing Australia's cultural separateness from Britain.

N-UNCOUNT

3. separate
If you refer to separate things, you mean several different things, rather than just one thing.

- Use separate chopping boards for raw meats, cooked meats, vegetables and salads.

- Men and women have separate exercise rooms.

- The authorities say six civilians have been killed in two separate attacks.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= different

4. separate separates separating separated
If you separate people or things that are together, or if they separate , they move apart.

- Police moved in to separate the two groups.

- The pans were held in both hands and swirled around to separate gold particles from the dirt.

- The front end of the car separated from the rest of the vehicle.

- They separated. Stephen returned to the square.

- They're separated from the adult inmates.

V-RECIP-ERG

5. separate separates separating separated
If you separate people or things that have been connected, or if one separates from another, the connection between them is ended.

- They want to separate teaching from research.

- It's very possible that we may see a movement to separate the two parts of the country.

- He announced a new ministry to deal with Quebec's threat to separate from Canada.

V-RECIP-ERG

6. separate separates separating separated
If a couple who are married or living together separate , they decide to live apart.

- Her parents separated when she was very young.

- Since I separated from my husband I have gone a long way.

V-RECIP

7. separate separates separating separated
An object, obstacle, distance, or period of time which separates two people, groups, or things exists between them.

- ...the white-railed fence that separated the yard from the paddock.

- ...although they had undoubtedly made progress in the six years that separated the two periods...

- Rural communities are widely separated and often small.

- But a group of six women and 23 children got separated from the others.

VB

8. separate separates separating separated
If you separate one idea or fact from another, you clearly see or show the difference between them.

- It is difficult to separate legend from truth.

- ...learning how to separate real problems from imaginary illnesses...

- It is difficult to separate the two aims.

VB
= distinguish

9. separate out separates out; separating out; separated out
Separate out means the same as separate .

- How can one ever separate out the act from the attitudes that surround it?

PHR-V

10. separate separates separating separated
A quality or factor that separates one thing from another is the reason why the two things are different from each other.

- The single most important factor that separates ordinary photographs from good photographs is the lighting.

- What separates terrorism from other acts of violence?

VB
= distinguish

11. separate separates separating separated
If a particular number of points separate two teams or competitors, one of them is winning or has won by that number of points.

- In the end only three points separated the two teams.

VB

12. separate separates separating separated
If you separate a group of people or things into smaller elements, or if a group separates , it is divided into smaller elements.

- The police wanted to separate them into smaller groups.

- Wallerstein's work can be separated into three main component themes.

- Let's separate into smaller groups.

- So all the colours that make up white light are sent in different directions and they separate.

V-ERG
= split

13. separate out separates out; separating out; separated out
Separate out means the same as separate .

- If prepared many hours ahead, the mixture may separate out.

PHR-V

14. separate separates
Separates are clothes such as skirts, trousers, and shirts which cover just the top half or the bottom half of your body.
N-PLURAL

15. separate
When two or more people who have been together for some time go their separate ways , they go to different places or end their relationship.

- Sue was 27 when she and her husband decided to go their separate ways.

PHR: V inflects

separate out ****

separate out separates out; separating out; separated out
If you separate out something from the other things it is with, you take it out.

- The ability to separate out reusable elements from other waste is crucial.

PHR-V
See also separate 7, 10.

separated **

1. separated
Someone who is separated from their wife or husband lives apart from them, but is not divorced.

- Most single parents are either divorced or separated.

- Tristan had been separated from his wife for two years.

ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ from n

2. separated
If you are separated from someone, for example your family, you are not able to be with them.

- The idea of being separated from him, even for a few hours, was torture.

- They're trying their best to bring together those separated families.

ADJ: oft ADJ from n

separate

verb

1.

divide

come apart

come away

detach

disconnect

disjoin

remove

sever

split

sunder

2.

part

break up

disunite

diverge

divorce

estrange

part company

split up

3.

isolate

segregate

single out

adjective

4.

unconnected

detached

disconnected

divided

divorced

isolated

unattached

5.

individual

alone

apart

distinct

particular

single

solitary

separated

adjective

disconnected

apart

disassociated

disunited

divided

parted

separate

sundered

separately

[D.J.:ˈsepərɪtlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈs ɛpərɪtlɪ]

adv.

分离地;个别地,分别地

separately **

separately
If people or things are dealt with separately or do something separately , they are dealt with or do something at different times or places, rather than together.

- Cook each vegetable separately until just tender.

- Chris had insisted that we went separately to the club.

ADV: ADV with v, oft ADV from n
≠ together

separately

adverb

individually

alone

apart

severally

singly

separation

[D.J.:ˌsepəˈreɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɛpəˈreʃən]

n.

分离,分开,隔开

分居

separationist

n.

主张脱离〔分裂〕者

separationist

[D.J.:ˌsepˈreiʃnist]

[K.K.:ˌsɛpəˈreʃənɪst]

n.

分离主义者,独立派

separations

离析物

separation **

1. separation separations
The separation of two or more things or groups is the fact that they are separate or become separate, and are not linked.

- He believes in the separation of the races.

- ...a `Christian republic' in which there was a clear separation between church and state.

N-VAR: oft N of/from/between n

2. separation separations
During a separation , people who usually live together are not together.

- She wondered if Harry had been unfaithful to her during this long separation.

- All children will tend to suffer from separation from their parents and siblings.

N-VAR

3. separation separations
If a couple who are married or living together have a separation , they decide to live apart.

- They agreed to a trial separation.

- ...loss of a loved one through death, separation or divorce.

N-VAR

separation

noun

1.

division

break

disconnection

dissociation

disunion

gap

2.

split-up

break-up

divorce

parting

rift

split

separatism

[ˈsepərətizəm]

n.

分离主义

separatism

separatism
Separatism is the beliefs and activities of separatists.
N-UNCOUNT

separatist

[D.J.:ˈsepəreitist]

[K.K.:ˈsɛpərətɪst, ˈsɛprə-, ˈsɛpəˌre-]

n.

分离主义者,独立派

separatist **

1. separatist
Separatist organizations and activities within a country involve members of a group of people who want to establish their own separate government or are trying to do so.

- Spanish police say they have arrested ten people suspected of being members of the Basque separatist movement.

- Nearly 2,500 have died in separatist violence this year.

ADJ: ADJ n

2. separatist separatists
Separatists are people who want their own separate government or are involved in separatist activities.

- The army has come under attack by separatists.

N-COUNT

sepia

[D.J.:ˈsi:pjə]

[K.K.:ˈsipiə]

n.

乌贼,乌贼属,乌贼的墨,颜料,棕褐色

adj.

乌贼墨色的,使用乌贼墨颜料的

sepia

sepia
Something that is sepia is deep brown in colour, like the colour of very old photographs.

- The walls are hung with sepia photographs of old school heroes.

COLOUR

Sept.

abbr.

September 九月

Sept.

abbr.

September 九月

Sept. **

Sept.
Sept. is a written abbreviation for September .

- I've booked it for Thurs. 8th Sept.

= Sep.

September

[D.J.:səpˈtembə]

[K.K.:sɛpˈtɛmbɚ]

n.

九月

September *****

September Septembers
September is the ninth month of the year in the Western calendar.

- Her son, Jerome, was born in September.

- They returned to Moscow on 22 September 1930.

- They spent a couple of nights here last September.

N-VAR

septic

[D.J.:ˈseptɪk]

[K.K.:ˈsɛptɪk]

adj.

脓毒性的,腐败性的

septic

septic
If a wound or a part of your body becomes septic , it becomes infected.

- A flake of plaster from the ceiling fell into his eye, which became septic.

- ...a septic toe.

ADJ

septic

adjective

infected

festering

poisoned

putrefying

putrid

suppurating

septicaemia

n.

败血病

septicaemia

septicaemia
Septicaemia is blood poisoning. (MEDICAL)
N-UNCOUNT (AM) septicemia

septic tank

septic tank septic tanks
A septic tank is an underground tank where faeces, urine, and other waste matter is made harmless using bacteria.
N-COUNT

septuagenarian

[D.J.:septjuədʒiˈneəriən]

[K.K.:ˌsɛptuədʒəˈnɛriən, -tju-, -tʃu-]

n.

七十岁老者

adj.

七十岁(的人),七十至八十岁的

septuagenarian

septuagenarian septuagenarians
A septuagenarian is a person between 70 and 79 years old. (FORMAL)

- ...septuagenarian author Mary Wesley.

N-COUNT: oft N n

sepulchral

[D.J.:səˈpʌlkrəl, -ˈpʊl-]

[K.K.:səˈpʌlkrəl, -ˈpʊl-]

adj.

坟墓的,丧葬的

阴森森的,阴沉的

sepulchral

1. sepulchral
Something that is sepulchral is serious or sad and rather frightening. (LITERARY)

- `He's gone,' Rory whispered in sepulchral tones.

ADJ-GRADED

2. sepulchral
A sepulchral place is dark, quiet, and empty. (LITERARY)

- He made his way along the sepulchral corridors to the entrance hall.

ADJ-GRADED

sepulchre

[D.J.:ˈseplkə]

[K.K.:səˈpʌlkrəl, -ˈpʊl-]

n.

坟墓

sepulchre

sepulchre sepulchres
A sepulchre is a building or room in which a dead person is buried. (LITERARY)
N-COUNT (AM) sepulcher

sepulchre

noun

tomb

burial place

grave

mausoleum

vault

sequel

[D.J.:ˈsi:kwəl]

[K.K.:ˈsikwəl]

n.

继续,随之而来的事

续集,续篇

结局;余波

sequel *

1. sequel sequels
A book or film which is a sequel to an earlier one continues the story of the earlier one.

- She is currently writing a sequel to Daphne du Maurier's `Rebecca'.

- Richard Chamberlain has agreed to make a sequel to `The Thorn Birds'.

N-COUNT: oft N to n

2. sequel sequels
The sequel to something that has happened is an event or situation that happens after it or as a result of it.

- The police said the clash was a sequel to yesterday's nationwide strike.

- The arrests were a `direct sequel' to investigations.

N-COUNT: usu sing

sequel

noun

1.

follow-up

continuation

development

2.

consequence

conclusion

end

outcome

result

upshot

sequence

[D.J.:ˈsi:kwəns]

[K.K.:ˈsikwəns, -ˌkwɛns]

n.

有关联的一组事物, 一连串

先后次序, 顺序, 连续

sequence **

1. sequence sequences
A sequence of events or things is a number of events or things that come one after another in a particular order.

- ...the sequence of events which led to the murder.

- ...a dazzling sequence of novels by John Updike.

N-COUNT: oft N of n
= series

2. sequence sequences
A particular sequence is a particular order in which things happen or are arranged.

- ...the colour sequence yellow, orange, purple, blue, green and white...

- The chronological sequence gives the book an element of structure.

N-COUNT

3. sequence sequences
A film sequence is a part of a film that shows a single set of actions.

- The best sequence in the film occurs when Roth stops at a house he used to live in.

N-COUNT

sequence

noun

succession

arrangement

chain

course

cycle

order

progression

series

sequencer

[D.J.:ˈsi:kwənsə]

[K.K.:ˈsikwənsɚ, -ˌkwɛn-]

n.

音序器

sequencer

sequencer sequencers
A sequencer is an electronic instrument that can be used for recording and storing sounds so that they can be replayed as part of a new piece of music.
N-COUNT

sequential

[D.J.:sɪˈkwenʃəl]

[K.K.:sɪˈkwɛnʃəl]

adj.

按次序的,相继的,构成连续镜头的

sequentially

adv.

继续地,从而

sequential

1. sequential
Something that is sequential follows a fixed order. (FORMAL)

- ...the sequential story of the universe...

- In this way the children are introduced to sequential learning.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. sequentially

- The pages are numbered sequentially.

ADV: ADV after v

sequester

[D.J.:sɪˈkwestə]

[K.K.:sɪˈkwɛstɚ]

vt.

使隔绝;使隔离

<律>扣押

sequestered

[siˈkwestəd]

adj.

扣押的,隐退的,幽静的,偏僻的

sequester

1. sequester sequesters sequestering sequestered
Sequester means the same as sequestrate . (LEGAL)

- Everything he owned was sequestered.

VB

2. sequester sequesters sequestering sequestered
If someone is sequestered somewhere, they are isolated from other people. (FORMAL)

- This jury is expected to be sequestered for at least two months.

VB

sequestered

sequestered
A sequestered place is quiet and far away from busy places. (LITERARY)
ADJ-GRADED
= secluded

sequestrate

[D.J.:ˈsi:kwɪˌstreɪt, ˈsekwɪ-, sɪˈkwesˌtreɪt]

[K.K.:ˈsikwɪˌstret, ˈsɛkwɪ-, sɪˈkwɛsˌtret]

vt.

没收,接收

扣押(债务人的房产等)

sequestration

n.

sequestration

[D.J.:ˌsi:kweˈstreiʃn]

[K.K.:ˌsikwɪˈstreʃən, ˌsɛkwɪ-]

n.

扣押,没收

sequestrate

1. sequestrate sequestrates sequestrating sequestrated
When property is sequestrated , it is taken officially from someone who has debts, usually after a decision in a court of law. If the debts are paid off, the property is returned to its owner. (LEGAL)

- He promised to do all that he could to prevent union money from being sequestrated by the courts.

VB: usu passive
= sequester

2. sequestration

- ...the sequestration of large areas of land.

N-UNCOUNT

sequin

[D.J.:ˈsi:kwɪn]

[K.K.:ˈsikwɪn]

n.

(衣服上的圆形)闪光装饰片

sequined

adj.

sequinned

adj.

sequin

sequin sequins
Sequins are small, shiny discs that are sewn on clothes to decorate them.

- The frocks were covered in sequins, thousands of them.

N-COUNT: usu pl

sequinned

sequinned
A sequinned piece of clothing is decorated or covered with sequins.

- ...a strapless sequinned evening gown.

ADJ: usu ADJ n also sequined .

seraph

[D.J.:ˈserəf]

[K.K.:ˈsɛrəf]

n.

六翼天使

seraphim

[ˈserəfim]

n.

六翼天使(seraph的复数)

seraph

seraph seraphim or seraphs
In the Bible, a seraph is a kind of angel.
N-COUNT

Serbo-Croat

Serbo-Croat
Serbo-Croat is one of the languages spoken in the former Yugoslavia.
N-UNCOUNT

serenade

[D.J.:ˌserəˈneɪd, ˈserəˌneɪd]

[K.K.:ˌsɛrəˈned, ˈsɛrəˌned]

n.

<音>(尤指男子在所爱慕的女子窗外唱的或演奏的)小夜曲

serenader

n.

唱〔奏〕小夜曲的人

serenade *

1. serenade serenades serenading serenaded
If one person serenades another, they sing or play a piece of music for them. Traditionally men did this outside the window of the woman they loved.

- In the interval a blond boy dressed in white serenaded the company on the flute.

- It happened to be my birthday, and after breakfast I was serenaded by the crew.

VB

2. serenade serenades
Also a noun.

- Placido Domingo sang his serenade of love.

N-COUNT

3. serenade serenades
In classical music, a serenade is a piece in several parts written for a small orchestra.

- ...Vaughan Williams's Serenade to Music.

N-COUNT: oft in names

serendipitous

[ˌserənˈdipitəs]

adj.

偶然发现的

serendipity

[D.J.:ˌserənˈdɪpɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌsɛrənˈdɪpɪti]

n.

意外发现珍奇事物的才能

serendipitous

adj.

serendipitous

serendipitous
A serendipitous event is one that is not planned but has a good result. (LITERARY)

- ...her serendipitous choice of careers as an antique dealer.

ADJ-GRADED

serendipity

serendipity
Serendipity is the luck some people have in finding or creating interesting or valuable things by chance. (LITERARY)

- Some of the best effects in my garden have been the result of serendipity.

N-UNCOUNT

serene

[D.J.:siˈri:n]

[K.K.:səˈrin]

adj.

宁静的; 安详的

serenely

[D.J.:səˈrɪnlɪ]

[K.K.:səˈrɪnlɪ]

adv.

安详地;沉着地;宁静地

serenity

[D.J.:səˈrenɪti:]

[K.K.:səˈrɛnɪti]

n.

安详;宁静

尊贵的阁下

serene *

1. serene
Someone or something that is serene is calm and quiet.

- She looked as calm and serene as she always did.

- He didn't speak much, he just smiled with that serene smile of his.

- ...the beautiful, serene park.

ADJ-GRADED

2. serenely

- We sailed serenely down the river.

- She carried on serenely sipping her gin and tonic.

- ...serenely beautiful.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. serenity

- I had a wonderful feeling of peace and serenity when I saw my husband.

N-UNCOUNT
= tranquility

serene

adjective

calm

composed

peaceful

tranquil

unruffled

untroubled

serenity

noun

calmness

calm

composure

peace

peacefulness

quietness

stillness

tranquillity

serf

[D.J.:sɜ:f]

[K.K.:sə..f]

n.

农奴;奴隶

像农奴般遭受奴役的人

serfage

n.

农奴地位,农奴境遇

serfdom

n.

农奴制

农奴地位,农奴境遇

serfhood

n.

农奴

serfage

[ˈsə:fidʒ]

n.

农奴地位,农奴境遇

serfdom

[ˈsə:fdəm]

n.

农奴身份,农奴境遇

serfhood

[ˈsə:fhud]

n.

农奴身份,农奴境遇

serf

serf serfs
In former times, serfs were a class of people who had to work on a particular person's land and could not leave without that person's permission.
N-COUNT

serfdom

1. serfdom
The system of serfdom was the social and economic system by which the owners of land had serfs.
N-UNCOUNT

2. serfdom
If someone was in a state of serfdom , they were a serf.
N-UNCOUNT

serge

[D.J.:sɜ:dʒ]

[K.K.:sə..rdʒ]

n.

毛哔叽

serge canvas

n.

小方块纹哔叽

serge cloth

n.

哔叽呢

serge *

serge
Serge is a type of strong woollen cloth used to make clothes such as skirts, coats, and trousers.

- He wore a blue serge suit.

N-UNCOUNT

sergeant

[D.J.:ˈsɑ:dʒənt]

[K.K.:ˈsɑrdʒənt]

n.

警官

sergeant **

1. sergeant
A sergeant is a non-commissioned officer of middle rank in the army, marines, or air force.

- A sergeant with a detail of four men came into view.

- ...Sergeant Black.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC

2. sergeant
In the British police force, a sergeant is an officer with the next to lowest rank. In American police forces, a sergeant is an officer with the rank immediately below a captain.

- The unit was staffed by 11 officers from Greater Manchester Police headed by Sergeant Bell.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC

sergeant major

sergeant major
A sergeant major is a non-commissioned army or marine officer of the highest rank.
N-COUNT; N-TITLE; N-VOC also sergeant-major .

serial

[D.J.:ˈsiəriəl]

[K.K.:ˈsɪriəl]

adj.

连续的, 一系列的

连续刊登或播出的

n.

连载小说, 电视连续剧

serial **

1. serial serials
A serial is a story which is broadcast on television or radio or is published in a magazine or newspaper in a number of parts over a period of time.

- ...one of BBC television's most popular serials, Eastenders...

- Maupin's novels have all appeared originally as serials.

N-COUNT

2. serial
Serial killings or attacks are a series of killings or attacks committed by the same person. This person is known as a serial killer or attacker.

- ...serial murders...

- The serial killer claimed to have killed 400 people.

ADJ: ADJ n

serialization

[ˌsiəriəlaiˈzeiʃən]

n.

连载长篇

serialize

[D.J.:ˈsɪəri:əˌlaɪz]

[K.K.:ˈsɪriəˌlaɪz]

vt.

连载,连播(故事)

serialization

n.

serialization

1. serialization
Serialization is the act of serializing a book.
N-UNCOUNT (BRIT) also serialisation

2. serialization serializations
A serialization is a story, originally written as a book, which is being published or broadcast in a number of parts.

- ...in the serialisation of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice.

N-COUNT (BRIT) also serialisation

serialize

serialize serializes serializing serialized
If a book is serialized , it is broadcast on the radio or television or is published in a magazine or newspaper in a number of parts over a period of time.

- A few years ago Tom Brown's Schooldays was serialised on television.

VB: usu passive (BRIT) also serialise

serial number

1. serial number serial numbers
The serial number of an object is a number on that object which identifies it.

- ...the gun's serial number.

- ...your bike's serial number...

- All the bills had the same serial number. The cash was counterfeit.

N-COUNT: oft with poss

2. serial number serial numbers
The serial number of a member of the United States military forces is a number which identifies them.

- He could never ever give any responses to his captor other than name, rank, serial number and date of birth.

N-COUNT

serial port

serial port serial ports
A serial port on a computer is a place where you can connect the computer to a device such as a modem or a mouse.
N-COUNT

series

[D.J.:ˈsiəri:z]

[K.K.:ˈsɪriz]

n.

连续的同类事物, 系列

串联

series ****

1. series
A series of things or events is a number of them that come one after the other.

- ...a series of meetings with students and political leaders.

- ...a series of explosions.

N-COUNT: usu sing: oft N of n series is both the singular and the plural form
= succession

2. series
A radio or television series is a set of programmes of a particular kind which have the same title.

- ...the TV series `The Trials of Life' presented by David Attenborough.

- ...the world's longest-running radio series, Britain's `The Archers'.

N-COUNT: usu sing series is both the singular and the plural form

series

noun

sequence

chain

course

order

progression

run

set

string

succession

train

serious

[D.J.:ˈsiəriəs]

[K.K.:ˈsɪriəs]

adj.

严重的, 非同小可

认真的; 真诚的

严肃的, 庄重的

seriously

[D.J.:ˈsɪərɪəslɪ]

adv.

严重地;危险地

认真地

严肃地；当真地

真的(表示吃惊)

说真的

<非正>很;非常

take sb/sth seriously

认真对待；把…当回事

seriousness

[D.J.:ˈsɪərɪəsnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈsɪrɪəsnɪs]

n.

严肃地；严肃性

认真;当真

严重地；严重性；严峻

in all seriousness

非常严肃地；说实在的

serious *****

1. serious
Serious problems or situations are very bad and cause people to be worried or afraid.

- Crime is an increasingly serious problem in Russian society.

- The government still face very serious difficulties.

- Doctors said his condition was serious but stable.

ADJ-GRADED
= grave

2. seriously

- If this ban was to come in it would seriously damage my business.

- They are not thought to be seriously hurt.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv, ADV with v

3. seriousness

- ...the seriousness of the crisis.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

4. serious
Serious matters are important and deserve careful and thoughtful consideration.

- I regard this as a serious matter.

- Don't laugh boy. This is serious.

- ...the serious business of running the country.

ADJ-GRADED

5. serious
When important matters are dealt with in a serious way, they are given careful and thoughtful consideration.

- My parents never really faced up to my drug use in any serious way.

- It was a question which deserved serious consideration.

- ...serious discussions.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

6. seriously

- The management will have to think seriously about their positions.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

7. serious
Serious music or literature requires concentration to understand or appreciate it.

- ...serious classical music...

- There is no point reviewing a blockbuster as you might review a serious novel.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. serious
If someone is serious about something, they are sincere about what they are saying, doing, or intending to do.

- You really are serious about this, aren't you?.

- I hope you're not serious.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ about n

9. seriously

- Are you seriously jealous of Erica?

ADV: ADV adj/adv, ADV with v

10. seriousness

- In all seriousness, there is nothing else I can do.

- They had shown a commitment and seriousness of purpose.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

11. serious
Serious people are thoughtful and quiet, and do not laugh very often.

- He's quite a serious person.

- She looked at me with big, serious eyes.

ADJ-GRADED

12. seriously

- They spoke to me very seriously but politely.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

13. serious
Serious money is a very large amount of money. (INFORMAL)

- He started earning serious money only in the sixties.

ADJ: ADJ n

14. seriously

- What's it like to be seriously rich at 15?

ADV: ADV adj

seriously ***

1. seriously
You use seriously to indicate that you are not joking and that you really mean what you say.

- Seriously, I only smoke in the evenings.

ADV: ADV with cl

2. seriously
You say ` seriously ' when you are surprised by what someone has said, as a way of asking them if they really mean it. (SPOKEN)

- `I tried to chat him up at the general store.' He laughed. `Seriously?'

CONVENTION feelings

3. seriously
If you take someone or something seriously , you believe that they are important and deserve attention.

- It's hard to take them seriously in their pretty grey uniforms.

- The phrase was not meant to be taken seriously.

PHR: V inflects

serious

adjective

1.

severe

acute

critical

dangerous

2.

important

crucial

fateful

grim

momentous

no laughing matter

pressing

significant

urgent

worrying

3.

solemn

grave

humourless

sober

unsmiling

4.

sincere

earnest

genuine

honest

in earnest

seriously

adverb

1.

gravely

acutely

badly

critically

dangerously

severely

2.

sincerely

gravely

in earnest

seriousness

noun

1.

importance

gravity

significance

urgency

2.

solemnity

earnestness

gravitas

gravity

sermon

[D.J.:ˈsə:mən]

[K.K.:ˈsɚmən]

n.

布道, 讲道, 说教

讲道文章

一大通教训

sermon *

sermon sermons
A sermon is a talk on a religious or moral subject that is given by a member of the clergy as part of a church service.
N-COUNT

sermon

noun

1.

homily

address

2.

lecture

harangue

talking-to informal

serotonin

[D.J.:ˌserəˈtəʊnɪn, ˌsɪə-]

[K.K.:ˌsɛrəˈtonɪn, ˌsɪr-]

n.

<生>血清素

serotonin

serotonin
Serotonin is a chemical produced naturally in your brain that affects the way you feel, for example making you feel happier, calmer, or less hungry.
N-UNCOUNT

serpent

[D.J.:ˈsɜ:pənt]

[K.K.:ˈsə..pənt]

n.

蛇, 大蛇

诱人犯错的人;狡猾的人

蛇, 大蛇

serpent *

serpent serpents
A serpent is a snake. (LITERARY)

- ...the serpent in the Garden of Eden.

N-COUNT

serpentine

[D.J.:ˈsɜ:pənˌti:n, -ˌtaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈsə..pənˌtin, -ˌtaɪn]

adj.

像蛇般蜷曲的,蜿蜒的

serpentine

serpentine
Something that is serpentine is curving and winding in shape, like a snake when it moves. (LITERARY)

- ...serpentine woodland pathways.

ADJ-GRADED
= winding

serrated

[D.J.:ˈserˌeɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈsɛrˌetɪd]

adj.

边缘呈锯齿状的;有锯齿形边缘的

serrated

serrated
A serrated object such as a knife or blade has a row of V-shaped points along the edge.

- Bread knives should have a serrated edge.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

serried

[D.J.:ˈserid]

[K.K.:ˈsɛrid]

adj.

(指士兵的行列等)密集的, 靠紧的

serried

serried
Serried things or people are closely crowded together in rows. (LITERARY)

- ...serried rows of law books and law reports.

- ...the serried ranks of fans.

ADJ: ADJ n
= dense

serum

[D.J.:ˈsɪərəm]

[K.K.:ˈsɪrəm]

n.

(动物体内的)浆液

<医>血清

<医>(一剂)免疫血清

serum *

1. serum serums
A serum is a liquid that is injected into someone's blood to protect them against a poison or disease.
N-VAR
= antitoxin

2. serum
Serum is the watery, pale yellow part of blood.
N-UNCOUNT

servant

[D.J.:ˈsə:vənt]

[K.K.:ˈsɚvənt]

n.

仆人, 佣人

雇员, 公务人员

servant ***

1. servant servants
A servant is someone who is employed to work at another person's home, for example as a cleaner or a gardener.
N-COUNT
= domestic

2. servant servants
You can also use the word servant to refer to someone or something that provides a service for people or can be used by them.

- Like any other public servants, police must respond to public demand.

- The question is whether technology is going to be our servant or our master.

N-COUNT
See also civil servant .

servant

noun

attendant

domestic

help

maid

retainer

skivvy chiefly Brit.

slave

serve

[D.J.:sə:v]

[K.K.:sɚv]

vt. & vi.

(为…)服务; 任(职)

提供, 端上

vt.

向…供应

度过(某段时间)

serving

[D.J.:ˈsə:viŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsɚvɪŋ]

n.

(供一人食用的)食物

servings

n.

服务

serve ****

1. serve serves serving served
If you serve your country, an organization, or a person, you do useful work for them.

- It is unfair to soldiers who have served their country well for many years.

- I have always said that I would serve the Party in any way it felt appropriate.

VB

2. serve serves serving served
If you serve in a particular place or as a particular official, you perform official duties, especially in the armed forces, as a civil servant, or as a politician.

- During the second world war he served with RAF Coastal Command.

- He also served on the National Front's national executive committee.

- For seven years until 1991 he served as a district councillor in Solihull.

VB

3. serve serves serving served
If something serves as a particular thing or serves a particular purpose, it performs a particular function, which is often not its intended function.

- She ushered me into the front room, which served as her office.

- I really do not think that an inquiry would serve any useful purpose.

- Their brief visit has served to underline the deep differences between the two countries.

- The old drawing room serves her as both sitting room and study.

VB

4. serve serves serving served
If something serves people or an area, it provides them with something that they need.

- This could mean the closure of thousands of small businesses which serve the community.

- ...improvements in the public water-supply system serving the Nairobi area...

- Cuba is well served by motorways.

- ...a desire to make education serve the needs of politicians and business.

VB

5. serve serves serving served
Something that serves someone's interests benefits them.

- The economy should be organized to serve the interests of all the people.

- They may well decide that their interests would be best served by joining in.

VB

6. serve serves serving served
When you serve food and drink, you give people food and drink.

- Serve it with French bread.

- Serve the cakes warm.

- Prepare the garnishes shortly before you are ready to serve the soup.

- ...the pleasure of having someone serve you champagne and caviar in bed...

- They are expected to baby-sit, run errands, and help serve at cocktail parties.

VB

7. serve up serves up; serving up; served up
Serve up means the same as serve .

- After all, it is no use serving up TV dinners if the kids won't eat them.

- He served it up on delicate white plates.

PHR-V

8. serve serves served
Serve is used to indicate how much food a recipe produces. For example, a recipe that serves six provides enough food for six people.

- Garnish with fresh herbs. Serves 4.

VB: no cont

9. serve serves serving served
Someone who serves customers in a shop or a bar helps them and provides them with what they want to buy.

- They wouldn't serve me in any pubs 'cos I looked too young.

- Auntie and Uncle suggested she serve in the shop.

VB

10. serve serves serving served
When the police or other officials serve someone with a legal order or serve an order on them, they give or send the legal order to them. (LEGAL)

- ...as immigration officers accompanied by the police tried to serve her with a deportation order...

- Police said they had been unable to serve a summons on 25-year-old Lee Jones.

VB

11. serve serves serving served
If you serve something such as a prison sentence or an apprenticeship, you spend a period of time doing it.

- ...Leo, who is currently serving a life sentence for murder...

- He was able to serve his apprenticeship as a trainer with Eddie Futch.

VB

12. serve serves serving served
When you serve in games such as tennis and badminton, you throw up the ball or shuttlecock and hit it to start play.

- He served 17 double faults.

- If you serve like this nobody can beat you.

VB

13. serve serves
Also a noun.

- His second serve clipped the net.

N-COUNT

14. serve serves
When you describe someone's serve , you are indicating how well or how fast they serve a ball or shuttlecock.

- His powerful serve was too much for the defending champion.

N-COUNT

15. serve
If you say it serves someone right when something unpleasant happens to them, you mean that it is their own fault and you have no sympathy for them.

- Serves her right for being so stubborn.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR for -ing feelings

serving *

1. serving servings
A serving is an amount of food that is given to one person at a meal.

- Quantities will vary according to how many servings of soup you want to prepare.

- Each serving contains 240 calories.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. serving
A serving spoon or dish is used for giving out food at a meal.

- Pile the potatoes into a warm serving dish.

ADJ: ADJ n

serve

verb

1.

work for

aid

assist

attend to

help

minister to

wait on

2.

perform

act

complete

discharge

do

fulfil

3.

provide

deliver

dish up

present

set out

supply

4.

be adequate

answer the purpose

be acceptable

do

function as

satisfy

suffice

suit

serving

noun

portion

helping

serve out ****

serve out serves out; serving out; served out
If someone serves out their term of office, contract, or prison sentence, they do not leave before the end of the agreed period of time.

- The governor has declared his innocence and says he plans to fight and serve out his term.

- I was resigned to serving out the sentence.

PHR-V

server

[D.J.:ˈsə:və]

[K.K.:ˈsɚvɚ]

n.

服务器

server *

1. server servers
In computing, a server is part of a computer network which does a particular task, for example storing or processing information, for all or part of the network. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT

2. server servers
In tennis and badminton, the server is the player whose turn it is to hit the ball or shuttlecock to start play.

- ...a brilliant server and volleyer.

N-COUNT: oft adj N

3. server servers
A server is something such as a fork or spoon that is used for serving food.

- ...salad servers.

N-COUNT: oft n N

service

[ˈsə:vis]

n.

服务, 接待

公共机构, 政府部门; 业务

服役; 任职

vt.

检修

向…提供服务

支付…的利息

servicing

[ˈsə:visiŋ]

n.

维修

service *****

1. service services
A service is something that the public needs, such as transport, communications facilities, hospitals, or energy supplies, which is provided in a planned and organized way by the government or an official body.

- Britain still boasts the cheapest postal service.

- We have started a campaign for better nursery and school services.

- The authorities have said they will attempt to maintain essential services.

N-COUNT: usu with supp For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

2. service services
You can sometimes refer to an organization or private company as a particular service when it provides something for the public or acts on behalf of the government.

- All these changes follow months of negotiations between the BBC and the Foreign Office, which provides the money for the World Service.

- ...Careers Advisory Services.

N-COUNT: oft in names For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

3. service services
If an organization or company provides a particular service , they can do a particular job or a type of work for you.

- The kitchen maintains a twenty-four hour service and can be contacted via Reception.

- The larger firm was capable of providing a better range of services.

N-COUNT For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

4. service services
Services are activities such as tourism, banking, and selling things which are part of a country's economy, but are not concerned with producing or manufacturing goods.

- Mining rose by 9.1%, manufacturing by 9.4% and services by 4.3%.

- ...the doctrine that a highly developed service sector was the sign of a modern economy.

N-PLURAL For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

5. service
The level or standard of service provided by an organization or company is the amount or quality of the work it can do for you.

- Taking risks is the only way employees can provide effective and efficient customer service.

- The current level of service will be maintained except that the evening `Network Express' trains will be withdrawn.

N-UNCOUNT For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

6. service services
A bus or train service is a route or regular journey that is part of a transport system.

- A bus service operates between Bolton and Salford.

N-COUNT: usu n N For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

7. service services
Your services are the things that you do or the skills that you use in your job, which other people find useful and are usually willing to pay you for.

- I have obtained the services of a top photographer to take our pictures.

- The performers have all offered their services free of charge.

N-PLURAL: with poss For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

8. service
If you refer to someone's service or services to a particular organization or activity, you mean that they have done a lot of work for it or spent a lot of their time on it.

- You've given a lifetime of service to athletics.

- More than half his long service in parliament has been as a cabinet minister.

- ...the two policemen, who have a total of 31 years' service between them...

- He was awarded the OBE in 1990 for services to fashion.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, oft N to n For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

9. service services
The Services are the army, the navy, and the air force.

- In June 1945, Britain still had forty-five per cent of its workforce in the Services and munitions industries.

N-COUNT: usu pl For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

10. service
Service is the work done by people or equipment in the army, navy, or air force, for example during a war.

- The regiment was recruited from the Highlands specifically for service in India.

- ...an aircraft carrier that saw service in World War II.

N-UNCOUNT For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

11. service
When you receive service in a restaurant, hotel, or shop, an employee asks you what you want or gives you what you have ordered.

- A five-course meal including coffee, service and VAT is £30.

- ...clean stores with respectful service and fair prices.

N-UNCOUNT For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

12. service services
A service is a religious ceremony that takes place in a church.

- After the hour-long service, his body was taken to a cemetery in the south of the city.

- ...the church in which the President was attending morning service.

N-COUNT: also no det For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

13. service services
A dinner service or a tea service is a complete set of plates, cups, saucers, and other pieces of china.

- ...a 60-piece dinner service.

N-COUNT: usu n N For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

14. service services
A services is a place beside a motorway where you can buy petrol and other things, or have a meal. (BRIT; in AM use rest area )

- They had to pull up, possibly go to a motorway services or somewhere like that.

- We have repeatedly told planners that services are vital on a motorway like the M40.

N-COUNT For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form
= service station

15. service services
In tennis, badminton, and some other sports, when it is your service , it is your turn to serve.

- She conceded just three points on her service during the first set.

N-COUNT: oft with poss For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

16. service
Service is used to describe the parts of a building or structure that are used by the staff who clean, repair, or look after it, and are not usually used by the public.

- He wheeled the trolley down the corridor and disappeared with it into the service lift.

- ...the bigger tunnels, which run either side of the service tunnel.

ADJ: ADJ n For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

17. service
If someone is in service , they are working as a servant.

- If a young woman did not have a dowry, she went into domestic service.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in/into N For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

18. service services servicing serviced
If you have a vehicle or machine serviced , you arrange for someone to examine, adjust, and clean it so that it will keep working efficiently and safely.

- ...if you had had your car serviced at the local garage...

- Make sure that all gas fires and central heating boilers are serviced annually.

VB For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

19. service services
Also a noun.

- The car needs a service.

- The company sends a service engineer to fix the disk drive before it fails.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N n For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

20. service services servicing serviced
If a country or organization services its debts, it pays the interest on them.

- Almost a quarter of the country's export earnings go to service a foreign debt of $29 billion.

VB For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

21. service services servicing serviced
If someone or something services an organization, a project, or a group of people, they provide it with the things that it needs in order to function properly or effectively.

- There are now 400 staff at headquarters, servicing our regional and overseas work.

- Fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas will service our needs for some considerable time to come.

VB For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

22. service
To be at the service of a person or organization means to be available to help or be used by that person or organization.

- The intellectual and moral potential of the world's culture must be put at the service of politics.

PHR: PHR n, usu PHR after v For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

23. service
You can use ` at your service ' after your name as a formal way of introducing yourself to someone and saying that you are willing to help them in any way you can.

- She bowed dramatically. `Anastasia Krupnik, at your service,' she said.

CONVENTION For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form formulae

24. service
If you do someone a service , you do something that helps or benefits them.

- You are doing me a great service, and I'm very grateful to you.

- `You don't feel that you've betrayed your country?' --- `Not at all, I think I've done a service to my country.'

PHR: V inflects For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

25. service
If a piece of equipment or type of vehicle is in service , it is being used or is able to be used. If it is out of service , it is not being used, usually because it is not working properly.

- Cuts in funding have meant that equipment has been kept in service long after it should have been replaced.

- In 1882, London's first electric tram cars went into service.

- Some two hundred obsolete warships and submarines have been taken out of service during the past five years.

PHR: usu PHR after v, v-link PHR For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

26. service
If someone or something is of service to you, they help you or are useful to you.

- That is, after all, the primary reason we live -- to be of service to others.

PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR to n For meaning 14, services is both the singular and the plural form

service

noun

1.

help

assistance

avail

benefit

use

usefulness

2.

work

business

duty

employment

labour

office

3.

overhaul

check

maintenance

4.

ceremony

observance

rite

worship

verb

5.

overhaul

check

fine tune

go over

maintain

tune (up)

serviceable

[D.J.:ˈsɜ:vɪsəbəl]

[K.K.:ˈsə..vɪsəbəl]

adj.

有用的；可供使用的

耐用的

serviceable

serviceable
If you describe something as serviceable , you mean that it is good enough to be used and to perform its function.

- His Arabic was not as good as his English, but serviceable enough.

- A customer took a perfectly serviceable washing machine in for repair, only to be told it needed replacing.

ADJ-GRADED

serviceable

adjective

useful

beneficial

functional

helpful

operative

practical

profitable

usable

utilitarian

service area

service area service areas
A service area is a place beside a motorway where you can buy petrol and other things, or have a meal. (BRIT; in AM use rest area )
N-COUNT
= service station

service charge

service charge service charges
A service charge is an amount that is added to your bill in a restaurant to pay for the work of the person who comes and serves you.

- Most restaurants add a 10 per cent service charge to the bill.

N-COUNT

service industry *

service industry service industries
A service industry is an industry such as banking or insurance that provides a service but does not produce anything.
N-COUNT

serviceman

[D.J.:ˈsɜ:vɪsˌmæn, -mən]

[K.K.:ˈsə..vɪsˌmæn, -mən]

n.

军人

serviceman **

serviceman servicemen
A serviceman is a man who is in the army, navy, or air force.
N-COUNT

service provider

service provider service providers
A service provider is a company that provides a service, especially an Internet service.
N-COUNT

service station

1. service station service stations
A service station is a place that sells things such as petrol, oil, and spare parts. Service stations often sell food, drink, and other goods.
N-COUNT

2. service station service stations
A service station is a place beside a motorway where where you can buy petrol and other things, or have a meal. (BRIT; in AM use rest area )
N-COUNT
= service area

servicewoman

servicewoman servicewomen
A servicewoman is a woman who is in the army, navy, or air force.
N-COUNT

serviette

[D.J.:ˌsɜ:vi:ˈet]

[K.K.:ˌsə..viˈɛt]

n.

餐巾

serviette

serviette serviettes
A serviette is a square of cloth or paper that you use to protect your clothes or to wipe your mouth when you are eating. (BRIT; in AM use napkin )
N-COUNT
= napkin

servile

[D.J.:ˈsɜ:vəl, -ˌvaɪl]

[K.K.:ˈsə..vəl, -ˌvaɪl]

adj.

过分屈从的;缺乏独立性的

(似)仆人的, 为仆人的

servility

[sə:ˈviliti]

n.

过分屈从的行为或态度

servile

1. servile
If you say that someone is servile , you disapprove of them because they are too eager to obey someone or do things for them. (FORMAL)

- He was subservient and servile.

- They said she had a servile attitude to her employer.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= obsequious

2. servility

- She's a curious mixture of stubbornness and servility.

N-UNCOUNT

servile

adjective

subservient

abject

fawning

grovelling

obsequious

sycophantic

toadying

servitude

[D.J.:ˈsɜ:vɪˌtu:d, -ˌtju:d]

[K.K.:ˈsə..vɪˌtud, -ˌtjud]

n.

奴役(状况)

servitude

servitude
Servitude is the condition of being a slave or of being completely under the control of someone else.

- ...a life of servitude.

N-UNCOUNT
See also penal servitude .

sesame

[D.J.:ˈsesəmi]

[K.K.:ˈsɛsəmi]

n.

〈植〉芝麻, 脂麻

sesame *

sesame
Sesame is a plant grown for its seeds and oil, which are used in cooking.

- ...sesame seeds...

- I've put some sesame crackers in the oven to bake.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

session

[D.J.:ˈseʃən]

[K.K.:ˈsɛʃən]

n.

(尤指法庭、议会等)开庭, 开会

学年

学期

(进行某活动连续的)一段时间

长老会的管理机构

session ****

1. session sessions
A session is a meeting of a court, parliament, or other official group.

- ...an emergency session of parliament...

- After two late night sessions, the Security Council has failed to reach agreement.

- The court was in session.

N-COUNT: also in N

2. session sessions
A session is a period during which the meetings of a court, parliament, or other official group are regularly held.

- The parliamentary session ends on October 4th.

- From September until December, Congress remained in session.

N-COUNT: also in N

3. session sessions
A session of a particular activity is a period of that activity.

- The two leaders emerged for a photo session.

- ...group therapy sessions.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= period

4. session
Session musicians are employed to play backing music in recording studios.

- He established himself as a session musician.

- ...a session drummer.

ADJ: ADJ n

session

noun

meeting

assembly

conference

congress

discussion

hearing

period

sitting

set

[D.J.:set]

[K.K.:sɛt]

vt.

放, 搁置

vi.

(日、月等)落, 下沉

(植物)结子, 结果

n.

(一)套, (一)副

收音机; 电视机

adj.

固定的; 指定的

不变的

setting

[D.J.:ˈsetiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsɛtɪŋ]

n.

镶嵌; 镶嵌底座

环境

(某事、戏剧、小说等的)背景

装置、机器等定的速度, 高度, 温度等

(为诗等谱写的)乐曲

(日、月等)下落

set 1 noun uses *****

1. set sets
A set of things is a number of things that belong together or that are thought of as a group.

- There must be one set of laws for the whole of the country.

- I might need a spare set of clothes.

- The computer repeats a set of calculations.

- Only she and Mr Cohen had complete sets of keys to the shop.

- The mattress and base are normally bought as a set.

- ...a chess set.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

2. set sets
In tennis, a set is one of the groups of six or more games that form part of a match.

- Graf was leading 5-1 in the first set.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

3. set sets
In mathematics, a set is a group of mathematical quantities that have some characteristic in common.
N-COUNT

4. set sets
A band's or musician's set is the group of songs or tunes that they perform at a concert.

- The band continued with their set after a short break.

- He plays a solo acoustic set.

N-COUNT

5. set
You can refer to a group of people as a set if they meet together socially or have the same interests and lifestyle.

- ...what the press called `The Chelsea Set' -- upper-class rakes forced by lack of cash to fraternise with criminals.

N-SING: supp N
See also jet set .

6. set sets
The set for a play, film, or television show is the furniture and scenery that is on the stage when the play is being performed or in the studio where filming takes place.

- From the first moment he got on the set, he wanted to be a director too.

- He achieved fame for his stage sets for the Folies Bergeres.

- ...a movie set.

- ...stars who behave badly on set.

N-COUNT: also on/off N

7. set
The set of someone's face or part of their body is the way that it is fixed in a particular expression or position, especially one that shows determination.

- Matt looked at Hugh and saw the stubbornness in the set of his shoulders.

- Artist Richard Stone has captured in her eyes and the set of her face her steely determination.

N-SING: usu the N of n

8. set sets
A set is an appliance. For example, a television set is a television.

- Children spend so much time in front of the television set.

- We got our first set -- black and white -- in 1963.

N-COUNT: oft supp N

set 2 verb and adjective uses *****

1. set sets setting
If you set something somewhere, you put it there, especially in a careful or deliberate way.

- He took the case out of her hand and set it on the floor.

- When he set his glass down he spilled a little drink.

VB The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= put

2. set
If something is set in a particular place or position, it is in that place or position.

- The castle is set in 25 acres of beautiful grounds.

- Quiberon is set on an eight-mile peninsula.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep/adv The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= situated

3. set
If something is set into a surface, it is fixed there and does not stick out.

- The man unlocked a gate set in a high wall and let me through.

- Set into an alcove under the side deck is a tiny wash basin.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep/adv The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

4. set sets setting
You can use set to say that a person or thing causes another person or thing to be in a particular condition or situation. For example, to set someone free means to cause them to be free, and to set something going means to cause it to start working.

- Set the kitchen timer going.

- A phrase from the conference floor set my mind wandering.

- Dozens of people have been injured and many vehicles set on fire.

- Churchill immediately set into motion a daring plan.

VB The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

5. set sets setting
When you set a clock or control, you adjust it to a particular point or level.

- Set the volume as high as possible.

- I forgot to set my alarm and I overslept.

VB The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

6. set sets setting
If you set a date, price, goal, or level, you decide what it will be.

- The conference chairman has set a deadline of noon tomorrow.

- A date will be set for a future meeting.

- The German government has set a tight budget for next year.

- The pass mark is set at 50 per cent.

VB The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= fix

7. set sets setting
If you set a certain value on something, you think it has that value.

- She sets a high value on autonomy.

- If you set no value on being a woman yourself, how can you expect others to?

VB The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

8. set sets setting
If you set something such as a record, an example, or a precedent, you do something that people will want to copy or try to achieve.

- Legal experts said her case would not set a precedent because it was an out-of-court settlement.

- A new world marathon record of 2 hrs, 8 min, 5 sec, was set by Stephen Jones of Great Britain.

- They set the pace in cutting ozone-damaging emissions.

- If you are smoking in front of the children then you are setting them a bad example.

VB The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= establish

9. set sets setting
If someone sets you a task or aim or if you set yourself a task or aim, you need to succeed in doing it.

- I have to plan my academic work very rigidly and set myself clear objectives.

- We will train you first before we set you a task.

- The secret to happiness is to keep setting yourself new challenges.

VB The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

10. set sets setting
To set an examination or a question paper means to decide what questions will be asked in it. (BRIT; in AM usually use make up )

- He broke with the tradition of setting examinations in Latin.

VB The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

11. set
You use set to describe something which is fixed and cannot be changed.

- Investors can apply for a package of shares at a set price.

- A set period of fasting is supposed to bring us closer to godliness.

- There is a set menu from £24.00 for two courses with coffee.

ADJ: usu ADJ n The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= fixed

12. set
A set book must be studied by students taking a particular course. (BRIT; in AM use required )

- One of the set books is Jane Austen's Emma.

ADJ: ADJ n The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

13. set
If a play, film, or story is set in a particular place or period of time, the events in it take place in that place or period.

- The play is set in a small Midwestern town.

- ...a 1964 science fiction novel by Philip K Dick, set in 1994 in a colony of humans on Mars...

- The Hungarian director has completed her powerful Diary trilogy, set against the background of events in her country.

ADJ: v-link ADJ prep/adv The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

14. set
If you are set to do something, you are ready to do it or are likely to do it. If something is set to happen, it is about to happen or likely to happen.

- Roberto Baggio is set to become one of the greatest players of all time.

- The talks are set to continue through the week.

ADJ: v-link ADJ to-inf The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

15. set
If you are set on something, you are strongly determined to do or have it. If you are set against something, you are strongly determined not to do or have it.

- She was set on going to an all-girls school.

- Margaret was always mischievous and set on her own individual course.

- France is also set against devaluation.

ADJ: v-link ADJ on/against n/-ing The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

16. set sets setting
If you set your face or jaw, you put on a fixed expression of determination.

- Instead, she set her jaw grimly and waited in silence.

- He came insolently towards Mr. Won, his features set in a scowl.

VB The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

17. set sets setting
When something such as jelly, melted plastic, or cement sets , it becomes firm or hard.

- You can add ingredients to these desserts as they begin to set.

- Lower the heat and allow the omelet to set on the bottom.

- The material requires higher temperatures and pressures to set hard.

VB The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

18. set sets setting
When the sun sets , it goes below the horizon.

- They watched the sun set behind the distant dales.

- ...the red glow of the setting sun.

VB The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

19. set sets setting
To set a trap means to prepare it to catch someone or something.

- He seemed to think I was setting some sort of trap for him.

- They dug trenches in their path and set booby traps.

VB The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

20. set sets setting
When someone sets the table, they prepare it for a meal by putting plates and cutlery on it.
VB The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= lay

21. set sets setting
If someone sets a poem or a piece of writing to music, they write music for the words to be sung to.

- He has attracted much interest by setting ancient religious texts to music.

VB The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

22. set
If someone sets the scene or sets the stage for an event to take place, they make preparations so that it can take place.

- The Democrat convention has set the scene for a ferocious election campaign this autumn.

- The company has been setting the stage recently for progress in the US.

PHR: V inflects The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

23. set
If you say that someone is set in their ways , you are being critical of the fact that they have fixed habits and ideas which they will not easily change, even though they may be old-fashioned.
PHR: V inflects The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb disapproval

setting **

1. setting settings
A particular setting is a particular place or type of surroundings where something is or takes place.

- Rome is the perfect setting for romance.

- Perth was the setting for the SNP's conference this year.

- The house is in a lovely setting in the Malvern hills.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N for n

2. setting settings
A setting is one of the positions to which the controls of a device such as a cooker, stove, or heater can be adjusted.

- You can boil the fish fillets on a high setting.

N-COUNT

3. setting settings
A table setting is the complete set of equipment that one person needs to eat a meal, including knives, forks, spoons, and glasses.
N-COUNT

set

verb

1.

put

deposit

lay

locate

place

plant

position

rest

seat

situate

station

stick

2.

prepare

arrange

lay

make ready

spread

3.

harden

cake

congeal

crystallize

solidify

stiffen

thicken

4.

arrange

appoint

decide (upon)

determine

establish

fix

fix up

resolve

schedule

settle

specify

5.

assign

allot

decree

impose

ordain

prescribe

specify

6.

go down

decline

dip

disappear

sink

subside

vanish

noun

7.

position

attitude

bearing

carriage

posture

8.

scenery

scene

setting

stage set

adjective

9.

fixed

agreed

appointed

arranged

decided

definite

established

prearranged

predetermined

scheduled

settled

10.

inflexible

hard and fast

immovable

rigid

stubborn

11.

conventional

stereotyped

traditional

unspontaneous

set on or upon

12.

determined

bent

intent

resolute

set

noun

1.

series

assortment

batch

collection

compendium

2.

group

band

circle

clique

company

coterie

crowd

faction

gang

setting

noun

background

backdrop

context

location

scene

scenery

set

site

surroundings

set against *****

1. set against sets against; setting against
If one argument or fact is set against another, it is considered in relation to it.

- These are relatively small points when set against her expertise on so many other issues.

- £1,000 was a considerable sum in those days and particularly when set against the maximum wage.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= compare with

2. set against sets against; setting against
To set one person against another means to cause them to become enemies or rivals.

- The case has set neighbour against neighbour in the village.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

set apart *****

set apart sets apart; setting apart
If a characteristic sets you apart from other people, it makes you different from the others in a noticeable way.

- What sets it apart from hundreds of similar small French towns is the huge factory.

- Li blends right into the crowd of teenagers. Only his accent sets him apart.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

set aside *****

1. set aside sets aside; setting aside
If you set something aside for a special use or purpose, you keep it available for that use or purpose.

- Some doctors advise setting aside a certain hour each day for worry.

- £130 million would be set aside for repairs to schools.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

2. set aside sets aside; setting aside
If you set aside a belief, principle, or feeling, you decide that you will not be influenced by it.

- He urged the participants to set aside minor differences for the sake of achieving peace.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

set back *****

1. set back sets back; setting back
If something sets you back or sets back a project or scheme, it causes a delay.

- It has set us back in so many respects that I'm not sure how long it will take for us to catch up.

- There will be a risk of public protest that could set back reforms.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

2. set back sets back; setting back
If something sets you back a certain amount of money, it costs you that much money. (INFORMAL)

- In 1981 dinner for two in New York would set you back £5.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= cost

set back

verb

hold up

delay

hinder

impede

retard

slow

set down *****

1. set down sets down; setting down
If a committee or organization sets down rules for doing something, it decides what they should be and officially records them.

- The Dublin Convention of June 1990 sets down rules for deciding which EC country should deal with an asylum request.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= lay down

2. set down sets down; setting down
If you set down your thoughts or experiences, you write them all down.

- Old Walter is setting down his memories of village life.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= write down

set forth *****

1. set forth sets forth; setting forth
If you set forth a number of facts, beliefs, or arguments, you explain them in writing or speech in a clear, organized way. (FORMAL)

- Dr. Mesibov set forth the basis of his approach to teaching students.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= set out

2. set forth sets forth; setting forth
If you set forth , you start a journey. (LITERARY)

- It was during the reign of Queen Isabella that Christopher Columbus set forth on his epic voyage of discovery.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= set out

set in *****

set in sets in; setting in
If something unpleasant sets in , it begins and seems likely to continue or develop.

- Then disappointment sets in as they see the magic is no longer there.

- Winter is setting in and the population is facing food and fuel shortages.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

set off *****

1. set off sets off; setting off
When you set off , you start a journey.

- Nichols set off for his remote farmhouse in Connecticut.

- The President's envoy set off on another diplomatic trip.

- I set off, full of optimism.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= set out

2. set off sets off; setting off
If something sets off something such as an alarm or a bomb, it makes it start working so that, for example, the alarm rings or the bomb explodes.

- Any escape, once it's detected, sets off the alarm.

- Someone set off a fire extinguisher.

- It could take months before evidence emerges on how the bomb was made, and who set it off.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= trigger

3. set off sets off; setting off
If something sets off an event or a series of events, it causes it to start happening.

- The arrival of the charity van set off a minor riot as villagers scrambled for a share of the aid.

- If he attended a party without his wife, it set off a storm of speculation.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= trigger

4. set off sets off; setting off
If something sets a person off , it makes them angry, or makes them remember something and they start talking a lot.

- The smallest thing sets him off, and he can't stop talking about his childhood.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

5. set off sets off; setting off
If one colour, flavour, or object sets off another, it makes it look more attractive, often by providing a contrast.

- Blue suits you, sets off the colour of your hair.

- ...perfectly proportioned galleries that set off the contents to their best advantage.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

set off

verb

1.

leave

depart

embark

start out

2.

detonate

explode

ignite

set on *****

set on sets on; setting on
To set animals on someone means to cause the animals to attack them.

- They brought the young men in and set the dogs on them.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

set out *****

1. set out sets out; setting out
When you set out , you start a journey.

- When setting out on a long walk, always wear suitable boots.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= set off

2. set out sets out; setting out
If you set out to do something, you start trying to do it.

- He has achieved what he set out to do three years ago.

- We set out to find the truth behind the mystery.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

3. set out sets out; setting out
If you set things out , you arrange or display them somewhere.

- Set out the cakes attractively, using lacy doilies.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= arrange

4. set out sets out; setting out
If you set out a number of facts, beliefs, or arguments, you explain them in writing or speech in a clear, organized way.

- He has written a letter to The Times setting out his views.

- You will be given a Back To Work plan which sets out how you can best help yourself.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= set forth

set up *****

1. set up sets up; setting up
If you set something up , you create or arrange it.

- The two sides agreed to set up a commission to investigate claims.

- ...an organization which sets up meetings about issues of interest to women...

- Tell us when and why you started your business and how you went about setting it up.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

2. setting up

- The British government announced the setting up of a special fund.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

3. set up sets up; setting up
If you set up a temporary structure, you place it or build it somewhere.

- They took to the streets, setting up roadblocks of burning tyres.

- 200 peace activists are planning to set up a peace camp at the border.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= erect

4. set up sets up; setting up
If you set up a device or piece of machinery, you do the things that are necessary for it to be able to start working.

- Setting up the camera can be tricky.

- I set up the computer so that they could work from home.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

5. set up sets up; setting up
If you set up somewhere or set yourself up somewhere, you establish yourself in a new business or new area.

- ...the mayor's scheme offers incentives to firms setting up in lower Manhattan...

- He worked as a dance instructor in London before setting himself up in Bucharest.

- Grandfather set them up in a liquor business.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

6. set up sets up; setting up
If you set up home or set up shop, you buy a house or business of your own and start living or working there.

- They married, and set up home in Ramsgate.

- ...20 businessmen hoping to set up shop in Japan.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

7. set up sets up; setting up
If something sets up something such as a process, it creates it or causes it to begin.

- The secondary current sets up a magnetic field inside the tube.

- This can help you satisfy the craving without setting up problems later on.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

8. set up sets up; setting up
If something sets you up for something, it puts you in a good condition or position to deal with it, for example by making you feel healthy and energetic.

- I have my cornflakes and smell the fresh air and the grass and it sets me up for the day.

- The win sets us up perfectly for the match in Belgium.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

9. set up sets up; setting up
If you are set up by someone, they make it seem that you have done something wrong when you have not. (INFORMAL)

- He claimed yesterday that he had been set up after drugs were discovered at his home.

- Maybe Angelo tried to set us up.

PHR-V The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb
= frame

set up

verb

1.

build

assemble

construct

erect

put together

put up

raise

2.

establish

arrange

begin

found

initiate

institute

organize

prearrange

prepare

set upon *****

set upon sets upon; setting upon
If you are set upon by people, they make a sudden and unexpected physical attack on you.

- We were set upon by about twelve youths and I was kicked unconscious.

PHR-V: usu passive The form set is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb

set-aside

set-aside
In the European Union, set-aside is a scheme in which some areas of farmland are not used for a period of time, either because too much is being produced already, or so that a crop does not become too cheap.

- ...set-aside land...

- A Brockhampton farm is paid £87 per acre for the 1,700 acres it has in set-aside.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

setback

[D.J.:ˈsetbæk]

[K.K.:ˈsɛtˌbæk]

n.

挫折; 阻碍

setback **

setback setbacks
A setback is an event that delays your progress or reverses some of the progress that you have made.

- The move represents a setback for the Middle East peace process.

- He has suffered a serious setback in his political career.

N-COUNT: oft N for/in/to n also set-back .

setback

noun

hold-up

blow

check

defeat

disappointment

hitch

misfortune

reverse

set piece *

1. set piece set pieces
A set piece is an occasion such as a battle or a move in a game of soccer that is planned and carried out in an ordered way.

- Guerrillas avoid fighting set-piece battles.

- The first three Oldham goals came from set-pieces.

N-COUNT: oft N n also set-piece .

2. set piece set pieces
A set piece is a part of a film, novel, or piece of music which has a strong dramatic effect and which is often not an essential part of the main story.

- ...the film's martial arts set pieces.

N-COUNT also set-piece .

sett

[set]

n.

〈英〉①(铺路等用的)石板②(獾的)洞穴

sett

sett setts
A sett is the place where a badger lives.
N-COUNT

settee

[D.J.:seˈti:]

[K.K.:sɛˈti]

n.

长沙发

settee *

settee settees
A settee is a long comfortable seat with a back and arms, which two or more people can sit on.
N-COUNT
= couch sofa

setter

[D.J.:ˈsetə]

[K.K.:ˈsɛtɚ]

n.

蹲伏猎狗

setter *

setter setters
A setter is a long-haired dog that can be trained to show hunters where birds and animals are.
N-COUNT

settle

[D.J.:ˈsetl]

[K.K.:ˈsɛtl]

vt. & vi.

安排; 安放; 安家, 定居

(使)安定

vt.

解决; 决定; 调停

支付, 结算

vi.

(鸟等)栖息

settled

[D.J.:ˈsetld]

adj.

不变的,不大可能改变的,稳定的

settling

[ˈsetliŋ]

n.

沉淀物

settle ****

1. settle settles settling settled
If people settle an argument or problem, or if something settles it, they solve it, for example by making a decision about who is right or about what to do.

- They agreed to try to settle their dispute by negotiation.

- Both sides are looking for ways to settle their differences.

- Tomorrow's vote is unlikely to settle the question of who will replace their leader..

VB

2. settle settles settling settled
If people settle a legal dispute or if they settle , they agree to end the dispute without going to a court of law, for example by paying some money or by apologizing.

- In an attempt to settle the case, Molken has agreed to pay restitution.

- She got much less than she would have done if she had settled out of court.

- His company settled with the American authorities by paying a $200 million fine.

VB

3. settle settles settling settled
If you settle a bill or debt, you pay the amount that you owe.

- I settled the bill for my coffee and his two glasses of wine.

- They settled with Colin at the end of the evening.

VB

4. settle settles settling settled
If something is settled , it has all been decided and arranged.

- As far as we're concerned, the matter is settled.

- That's settled then. We'll exchange addresses tonight.

VB: usu passive

5. settle settles settling settled
To settle money on someone means to formally give it to them, for example in a will. (FORMAL)

- She offered to settle a legacy on Katharine.

VB

6. settle settles settling settled
When people settle a place or in a place, or when a government settles them there, they start living there permanently.

- Refugees settling in Britain suffer from a number of problems.

- He visited Paris and eventually settled there.

- This was one of the first areas to be settled by Europeans.

- Thirty-thousand-million dollars is needed to settle the immigrants.

V-ERG

7. settle settles settling settled
If you settle yourself somewhere or settle somewhere, you sit down or make yourself comfortable.

- Albert settled himself on the sofa.

- Jessica settled into her chair with a small sigh of relief.

VB

8. settle settles settling settled
If something settles or if you settle it, it sinks slowly down and becomes still.

- A black dust settled on the walls.

- Once its impurities had settled, the oil could be graded.

- Tap each one firmly on your work surface to settle the mixture.

V-ERG

9. settle settles settling settled
If your eyes settle on something, you stop looking around and look at that thing for some time.

- The man let his eyes settle upon Cross's face.

VB
= rest

10. settle settles settling settled
When birds or insects settle on something, they land on it from above.

- Moths flew in front of it, eventually settling on the rough painted metal.

VB
= light

settled **

1. settled
If you have a settled way of life, you stay in one place, in one job, or with one person, rather than moving around or changing.

- He decided to lead a more settled life with his partner.

- His house was the only settled home I had as a child.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= steady

2. settled
A settled situation or system stays the same all the time.

- Cats are creatures of habit -- they seem to appreciate a settled routine.

- There has been a period of settled weather.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. settled
If you feel settled , you have been living or working in a place long enough to feel comfortable there.

- After a few years of being a diplomat, she still didn't feel settled.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

settle

verb

1.

put in order

adjust

order

regulate

straighten out

work out

2.

land

alight

come to rest

descend

light

3.

move to

dwell

inhabit

live

make one's home

put down roots

reside

set up home

take up residence

4.

colonize

people

pioneer

populate

5.

calm

lull

pacify

quell

quiet

quieten

reassure

relax

relieve

soothe

6.

pay

clear

discharge

square (up)

often with on {or} upon 7.

decide

agree

confirm

determine

establish

fix

8.

resolve

clear up

decide

put an end to

reconcile

settle down ****

1. settle down settles down; settling down; settled down
When someone settles down , they start living a quiet life in one place, especially when they get married or buy a house.

- One day I'll want to settle down and have a family.

- Before she settled down in Portugal, she had run her own antiques shop in London.

PHR-V

2. settle down settles down; settling down; settled down
If a situation or a person that has been going through a lot of problems or changes settles down , they become calm.

- It'd be fun, after the situation in Europe settles down, to take a trip over to France.

- We saw the therapist four times, and the children have now settled down.

PHR-V

3. settle down settles down; settling down; settled down
If you settle down to do something or to something, you prepare to do it and concentrate on it.

- He got his coffee, came back and settled down to listen.

- They settled down to some serious work.

PHR-V

4. settle down settles down; settling down; settled down
If you settle down for the night, you get ready to lie down and sleep.

- They put up their tents and settled down for the night.

PHR-V

settle for ****

settle for settles for; settling for; settled for
If you settle for something, you choose or accept it, especially when it is not what you really want but there is nothing else available.

- Virginia was a perfectionist. She was just not prepared to settle for anything mediocre.

- England will have to settle for third or fourth place.

PHR-V

settle in ****

settle in settles in; settling in; settled in
If you settle in , you become used to living in a new place, doing a new job, or going to a new school.

- I enjoyed King Edward's School enormously once I'd settled in.

PHR-V

settle on ****

settle on settles on; settling on; settled on
If you settle on a particular thing, you choose it after considering other possible choices.

- I finally settled on a Mercedes estate. It's the ideal car for me.

PHR-V
= decide on

settle up ****

settle up settles up; settling up; settled up
When you settle up , you pay a bill or a debt.

- When we approached the till to settle up, he reduced our bill by 50 per cent.

PHR-V

settlement

[D.J.:ˈsetlmənt]

[K.K.:ˈsɛtlmənt]

n.

解决, 和解, 协议

移民

移居地, 新住宅区

〈律〉金钱或财产的转让(契约); 转让的金钱或财产

结算, 清偿

settlement ****

1. settlement settlements
A settlement is an official agreement between two sides who were involved in a conflict or argument.

- Our objective must be to secure a peace settlement.

- They are not optimistic about a settlement of the eleven year conflict.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= agreement

2. settlement settlements
A settlement is an agreement to end a disagreement or dispute without going to a court of law, for example by offering someone money.

- She accepted an out-of-court settlement of £4,000.

- ...a libel settlement.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. settlement
The settlement of a debt is the act of paying back money that you owe.

- ...ways to delay the settlement of debts.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

4. settlement settlements
A settlement is a place where people have come to live and have built homes.

- The village is a settlement of just fifty houses.

- ...a Muslim settlement.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

5. settlement
The settlement of a group of people is the process in which they settle in a place where people from their country have never lived before.

- ...the settlement of immigrants in the occupied territories.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

settlement

noun

1.

agreement

arrangement

conclusion

confirmation

establishment

working out

2.

payment

clearing

discharge

3.

colony

community

encampment

outpost

settler

[D.J.:ˈsetlə]

[K.K.:ˈsɛtlɚ]

n.

移民,侨民

settler **

settler settlers
Settlers are people who go to live in a new country.

- The first German village in south-western Siberia was founded a century ago by settlers from the Volga region.

N-COUNT

settler

noun

colonist

frontiersman

immigrant

pioneer

set-to

[D.J.:ˈsetˌtu:]

[K.K.:ˈsɛtˌtu]

n.

殴斗,缠打,吵架

set-to

set-to set-tos
A set-to is a dispute or fight. (INFORMAL)

- This was the subject of a bit of a set-to between Smith and his record company.

N-COUNT

set-top box

set-top box set-top boxes
A set-top box is a piece of equipment that rests on top of your television and receives digital television signals.
N-COUNT

set-up

n.

<非正> ①组织;机构;建制;体制

陷害;栽赃

set-up ****

1. set-up set-ups
A particular set-up is a particular system or way of organizing something. (INFORMAL)

- It appears to be an idyllic domestic set-up.

- I gradually got rather disillusioned with the whole setup of the university.

N-COUNT also setup .

2. set-up set-ups
If you describe a situation as a set-up , you mean that people have planned it in order to deceive you or to make it look as if you have done something wrong. (INFORMAL)

- He was asked to pick somebody up and bring them to a party, not realizing it was a setup.

N-COUNT also setup .

seven

[D.J.:ˈsevən]

[K.K.:ˈsɛvən]

pron.

七(个)

n.

七

the seven year itch

七年之痒；(因对配偶生厌而)想找个新的性伴侶

seven *****

seven
Seven is the number 7.

- Sarah and Ella have been friends for seven years.

NUM

seventeen

[D.J.:ˌsevənˈti:n]

[K.K.:ˌsɛvənˈtin]

pron.

十七(个)

n.

十七

seventeen *****

seventeen
Seventeen is the number 17.

- Jenny is seventeen years old.

NUM

seventeenth

[D.J.:ˌsevənˈti:nθ]

[K.K.:ˌsɛvənˈtinθ]

pron.

第十七(个)

seventeenth ****

1. seventeenth
The seventeenth item in a series is the one that you count as number seventeen.

- She gave birth to Annabel just after her seventeenth birthday.

ORD

2. seventeenth
A seventeenth is one of seventeen equal parts of something.
FRACTION

seventh

[D.J.:ˈsevənθ]

[K.K.:ˈsɛvənθ]

pron.

第七(个)

be in (your) seventh heaven

处于极乐世界；快活似神仙

seventh ****

1. seventh
The seventh item in a series is the one that you count as number seven.

- I was the seventh child in the family. There were 11 of us altogether.

ORD

2. seventh
A seventh is one of seven equal parts of something.

- A million people died, a seventh of the population.

FRACTION

Seventh Day Adventist

1. Seventh Day Adventist
Seventh Day Adventist churches are churches that believe that Jesus Christ will return very soon, and that have Saturday as their holy day.
ADJ: ADJ n

2. Seventh Day Adventist Seventh Day Adventists
A Seventh Day Adventist is a member of the Seventh Day Adventist church.
N-COUNT

seventh heaven

seventh heaven
If you say that you are in seventh heaven , you mean that you are in a state of complete happiness. (INFORMAL)

- After I was given my first camera I was in seventh heaven.

N-UNCOUNT: in N

seventieth

[D.J.:ˈsevənti:ɪθ]

[K.K.:ˈsɛvəntiɪθ]

pron.

第七十(个)

seventieth ****

1. seventieth
The seventieth item in a series is the one that you count as number seventy.

- ...the seventieth anniversary of the discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb.

ORD

2. seventieth
A seventieth is one of seventy equal parts of something.
FRACTION

seventy

[D.J.:ˈsevənti:]

[K.K.:ˈsɛvənti]

n.

七十

从七十到七十九的数目、年数或温度

seventy *****

1. seventy
Seventy is the number 70.

- Seventy people were killed.

NUM

2. seventy seventies
When you talk about the seventies , you are referring to numbers between 70 and 79. For example, if you are in your seventies , you are aged between 70 and 79. If the temperature is in the seventies , it is between 70 and 79.

- I thought it was a long way to go for two people in their seventies, but Sylvia loved the idea.

N-PLURAL

3. seventy seventies
The seventies is the decade between 1970 and 1979.

- In the late Seventies, things had to be new, modern, revolutionary.

N-PLURAL: the N

sever

[D.J.:ˈsevə]

[K.K.:ˈsɛvɚ]

vt.

切断;断绝

vi.

断, 裂

sever *

1. sever severs severing severed
To sever something means to cut completely through it or to cut it completely off. (FORMAL)

- Richardson severed his right foot in a motorbike accident.

- ...oil still gushing from a severed fuel line.

VB

2. sever severs severing severed
If you sever a relationship or connection that you have with someone, you end it suddenly and completely. (FORMAL)

- She severed her ties with England.

- He was able to sever all emotional bonds to his family.

VB

sever

verb

1.

cut

cut in two

detach

disconnect

disjoin

divide

part

separate

split

2.

break off

dissociate

put an end to

terminate

several

[D.J.:ˈsevrəl]

[K.K.:ˈsɛvərəl, ˈsɛvrəl]

adj.

几个, 数个, 一些

各自的, 各别的; 不同的

pron.

几个; 数个

several *****

1. several
Several is used to refer to an imprecise number of people or things that is not large but is greater than two.

- I had lived two doors away from this family for several years.

- Several blue plastic boxes under the window were filled with record albums.

- Several hundred students gathered on campus to sing protest songs and hear speeches.

DET: DET pl-n

2. several
Also a quantifier.

- Supporters are urging him to take action against the demonstrators, several of whom are members of the parliament.

- According to several of their friends, their 25-year marriage has suffered some difficulties.

QUANT: QUANT of pl-n

3. several
Also a pronoun.

- No one drug will suit or work for everyone and sometimes several may have to be tried.

- Ben's case is not unique but one of several I have come up against during the past few years.

PRON

several

adjective

some

different

diverse

manifold

many

sundry

various

severance

[D.J.:ˈsevərəns, ˈsevrəns]

[K.K.:ˈsɛvərəns, ˈsɛvrəns]

n.

切断,断绝,分裂

割断,分离(状态)

severance pay

n.

离职金,解雇金

severance

1. severance
Severance from a person or group, or the severance of a connection, involves the ending of a relationship or connection. (FORMAL)

- ...his bitter sense of severance from his family.

- ...the complete severance of diplomatic relations.

N-UNCOUNT

2. severance
Severance pay is a sum of money that a company gives to its employees when it has to stop employing them.

- We were offered 13 weeks' severance pay.

ADJ: ADJ n

severe

[D.J.:siˈviə]

[K.K.:səˈvɪr]

adj.

严重的, 剧烈的

严厉的, 严肃的

艰难的, 严峻的, 辛苦的

朴素的, 纯朴的

severely

[D.J.:səˈvɪrlɪ]

[K.K.:səˈvɪrlɪ]

adv.

严格地

严厉地

严重地

严肃地

朴实无华地

severity

[D.J.:səˈverɪti:]

[K.K.:səˈvɛrɪti]

n.

严格, 严厉, 苛刻

严重；剧烈

朴素；简洁

严厉的对待, 艰苦的环境

severe ****

1. severe severer severest
You use severe to indicate that something bad or undesirable is great or intense.

- ...a business with severe cash flow problems...

- I suffered from severe bouts of depression.

- Steve passed out on the floor and woke up blinded and in severe pain.

- Shortages of professional staff are very severe in some places.

ADJ-GRADED

2. severely

- The UN wants to send food aid to 10 countries in Africa severely affected by the drought.

- An aircraft overshot the runway and was severely damaged.

- ...the severely depressed construction industry.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

3. severity

- Several drugs are used to lessen the severity of the symptoms.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

4. severe severer severest
Severe punishments or criticisms are very strong or harsh.

- This was a dreadful crime and a severe sentence is necessary.

- Before she could reply, my mother launched into a severe reprimand.

ADJ-GRADED
= harsh

5. severely

- ...a campaign to try to change the law to punish dangerous drivers more severely.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

6. severity

- The Bishop said he was sickened by the severity of the sentence.

- Believers were treated with the same severity as the Christians had been a few years earlier.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

7. severe severer severest
If you describe the appearance of someone or something as severe , you do not like its plain appearance and lack of decoration.

- ...wearing her felt hats and severe grey suits...

- The cushions add a touch of colour in a room that might otherwise look severe.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval
= austere

8. severity

- When women started working in offices, they opted for severity in dress in order to imply sobriety.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp
= austerity

severe

adjective

1.

strict

austere

cruel

drastic

hard

harsh

oppressive

rigid

unbending

2.

grim

forbidding

grave

serious

stern

tight-lipped

unsmiling

3.

intense

acute

extreme

fierce

4.

plain

austere

classic

restrained

simple

Spartan

unadorned

unembellished

unfussy

severely

adverb

1.

strictly

harshly

sharply

sternly

2.

seriously

acutely

badly

extremely

gravely

severity

noun

strictness

hardness

harshness

severeness

sternness

toughness

sew

[D.J.:səu]

[K.K.:so]

vt. & vi.

缝

sewing

[D.J.:ˈsəʊɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsoɪŋ]

n.

缝纫,针线活

sewing machine

n.

缝纫机

sewing needle

n.

缝纫针

sewn

[D.J.:səʊn]

[K.K.:son]

sew的过去分词

sew *

1. sew sews sewing sewed sewn
When you sew something such as clothes, you make them or repair them by joining pieces of cloth together by passing thread through them with a needle.

- She sewed the dresses on the sewing machine.

- Anyone can sew on a button, including you.

- Mrs Roberts was a dressmaker, and she taught her daughter to sew.

VB

2. sew sews sewing sewed sewn
When something such as a hand or finger is sewn back by a doctor, it is joined with the patient's body using a needle and thread.

- The hand was preserved in ice by neighbours and sewn back on in hospital.

- Surgeons at Odstock Hospital, Wilts, sewed the thumb on.

VB
See also sewing .

sewing *

1. sewing
Sewing is the activity of making or mending clothes or other things using a needle and thread.

- Her mother had always done all the sewing.

N-UNCOUNT

2. sewing
Sewing is clothes or other things that are being sewn.

- We all got out our own sewing and sat in front of the log fire.

N-UNCOUNT

sewn

Sewn is the past participle of sew .

sew up *

1. sew up sews up; sewing up; sewed up; sewn up
If you sew up pieces of cloth or tears in cloth or skin, you join them together using a needle and thread.

- Next day, Miss Stone decided to sew up the rip.

- This material was then put into cotton bags which were weighed and then sewn up.

PHR-V

2. sew up sews up; sewing up; sewed up; sewn up
If someone sews up something such as a business deal, an election, or a game, they make sure that they will get the result they want. (INFORMAL)

- If they didn't move fast, Johnson could sew this deal up within days.

- The Italians think they've got it all sewn up.

PHR-V

sewage

[D.J.:ˈsu:ɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈsuɪdʒ]

n.

(下水道里的)污物

sewage *

sewage
Sewage is waste matter such as faeces or dirty water from homes and factories, which flows away through sewers.

- ...the MPs' call for more treatment of raw sewage.

N-UNCOUNT

sewer

[D.J.:ˈsu:ə]

[K.K.:ˈsuɚ]

n.

阴沟,污水管,下水道

sewer *

sewer sewers
A sewer is a large underground channel that carries waste matter and rain water away, usually to a place where it is treated and made harmless.

- ...the city's sewer system.

- ...open sewers.

N-COUNT

sewerage

[D.J.:ˈsu:ərɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈsuərɪdʒ]

n.

污物处理(系统)

sewerage

sewerage
Sewerage is the system by which waste matter is carried away in sewers and made harmless.

- The town has already put in a proper sewerage system.

- ...without access to any services such as water or sewerage.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

sewing machine *

sewing machine sewing machines
A sewing machine is a machine that you use for sewing.
N-COUNT

sex

[D.J.:seks]

[K.K.:sɛks]

n.

性别; 性

男性; 女性

性关系

性活动, 性行为

sexed

[sekst]

adj.

有性别的

sex ****

1. sex sexes
The two sexes are the two groups, male and female, into which people and animals are divided according to the function they have in producing young.

- ...an entertainment star who appeals to all ages and both sexes.

- ...differences between the sexes.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
See also fair sex , opposite sex , same-sex , single-sex ,

2. sex sexes
The sex of a person or animal is their characteristic of being either male or female.

- She continually failed to gain promotion because of her sex.

- The new technique has been used to identify the sex of foetuses.

- ...sex discrimination.

N-COUNT: oft with poss
= gender

3. sex
Sex is the physical activity by which people can produce young.

- He was very open in his attitudes about sex.

- The entire film revolves around drugs, sex and violence.

- We have a very active sex life.

N-UNCOUNT

4. sex sexes sexing sexed
If an animal is sexed , someone finds out whether it is male or female.

- The birds must be weighed, sexed and tagged.

VB: usu passive

5. sex
If two people have sex , they perform the act of sex.

- Have you ever thought about having sex with someone other than your husband?

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, pl-n PHR, PHR with n

sex

noun

1.

gender

2.

(sexual) intercourse

coition

coitus

copulation

fornication

lovemaking

sexual relations

sex aid

sex aid sex aids
A sex aid is an object or piece of equipment that is designed to make sex easier or more enjoyable.
N-COUNT

sex appeal *

sex appeal
Someone's sex appeal is their sexual attractiveness.

- She still has the energy and sex appeal of a woman less than half her age.

N-UNCOUNT

-sexed

-sexed
-sexed is used after adverbs such as `over' and `under' to form adjectives which indicate that someone wants to have sex too often or not often enough.

- My husband has always been a bit over-sexed.

- ...a highly sexed woman who takes complete control in the bedroom.

COMB in ADJ-GRADED

sex education *

sex education
Sex education is education in schools on the subject of sexual activity and sexual relationships.
N-UNCOUNT

sex goddess

sex goddess sex goddesses
If you refer to a woman, especially a film star, as a sex goddess , you mean that many people consider her to be sexually attractive. (JOURNALISM)

- Raquel Welch was at the height of her popularity as a sex goddess.

N-COUNT

sexism

[D.J.:ˈseksizm]

[K.K.:ˈsɛkˌsɪzəm]

n.

男性至上主义,蔑视女性

sexism *

sexism
Sexism is the belief that the members of one sex, usually women, are less intelligent or less capable than those of the other sex and need not be treated equally. It is also the behaviour which is the result of this belief.

- Groups like ours are committed to eradicating homophobia, racism and sexism.

N-UNCOUNT

sexist

[ˈseksist]

n.

男性至上主义者

sexist *

1. sexist
If you describe people or their behaviour as sexist , you mean that they are influenced by the belief that the members of one sex, usually women, are less intelligent or less capable than those of the other sex and need not be treated equally.

- Old-fashioned sexist attitudes are still common.

- I think the whole thing is very unfair and if I may say so I think it's very sexist.

- I am not being sexist.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. sexist sexists
A sexist is someone with sexist views or behaviour.
N-COUNT

sexless

[D.J.:ˈsekslis]

[K.K.:ˈsɛkslɪs]

adj.

性冷淡的,无性征的

sexless

sexless
If you describe a person as sexless , you mean that they have no sexual feelings or that they are not sexually active. A sexless relationship does not involve sex.

- Malcolm is a brilliant but frustrated surgeon who is married to a neurotic and sexless woman.

ADJ-GRADED

sex life

sex life sex lives
If you refer to someone's sex life , you are referring to their sexual relationships and sexual activity.
N-COUNT: oft with poss

sex object

sex object sex objects
If someone is described as a sex object , he or she is considered only in terms of their physical attractiveness and not their character or abilities.

- Now she had a boyfriend who cared for her as a whole person rather than just a sex object.

N-COUNT

sexologist

n.

性科学家

sexologist

sexologist sexologists
A sexologist is a person who studies sexual relationships and gives advice or makes reports.

- ...Alfred Kinsey, the pioneering sexologist.

N-COUNT

sexpot

[D.J.:ˈsekspɔt]

[K.K.:ˈsɛksˌpɑt]

n.

〈口〉极富性感的女性,易激起他人性欲的女人,性活动活跃的人,性欲旺盛的人

sexpot

sexpot sexpots
If you describe someone as a sexpot , you mean that they are sexually very attractive. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

sex shop

sex shop sex shops
A sex shop is a shop that sells products that are associated with sexual pleasure, for example magazines, videos, and special clothing or equipment.
N-COUNT

sex symbol

sex symbol sex symbols
A sex symbol is a famous person, especially an actor or a singer, who is considered by many people to be sexually attractive.

- ...Hollywood sex symbols of the Forties.

N-COUNT

sextant

[D.J.:ˈsekstənt]

[K.K.:ˈsɛkstənt]

n.

(航海用的)六分仪

sextant

sextant sextants
A sextant is an instrument used for measuring angles, for example between the sun and the horizon, so that the position of a ship or aeroplane can be calculated.
N-COUNT

sextet

[D.J.:seksˈtet]

[K.K.:sɛkˈstɛt]

n.

六重唱曲,六重奏曲

sextet

1. sextet sextets
A sextet is a group of six musicians or singers who play or sing together.

- ...the Paul Rogers Sextet.

N-COUNT

2. sextet sextets
A sextet is a piece of music written for six performers.
N-COUNT

sex toy

sex toy sex toys
A sex toy is an object that some people use to give themselves or other people sexual pleasure.
N-COUNT

sexual

[D.J.:ˈseksjuəl]

[K.K.:ˈsɛkʃuəl]

adj.

性交的, 性行为的, 性吸引的, 两性的, 肉体吸引的

性别的, 性的, 男性或女性的

生殖的, 有性生殖的

sexually

[D.J.:ˈsekʃʊəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈs ɛkʃʊəlɪ]

adv.

性别上地；按性别地

性欲地；两性之间地

sexual ****

1. sexual
Sexual feelings or activities are connected with the act of sex or with people's desire for sex.

- This was the first sexual relationship I had had.

- Men's sexual fantasies often have little to do with their sexual desire.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. sexually

- ...sexually transmitted diseases...

- How many kids in this school are sexually active?

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. sexual
Sexual means relating to the differences between male and female people.

- Women's groups denounced sexual discrimination.

- ...sexual and racial equal opportunities.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

4. sexually

- If you're sexually harassed, you ought to do something about it.

ADV: ADV with v

5. sexual
Sexual means relating to the differences between heterosexuals and homosexuals.

- ...couples of all sexual persuasions.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

6. sexual
Sexual means relating to the biological process by which people and animals produce young.

- Girls generally reach sexual maturity two years earlier than boys.

- ...sexual reproduction.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

7. sexually

- The first organisms that reproduced sexually were free-floating plankton.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

sexual

adjective Informal

1.

carnal

erotic

intimate

sensual

sexy

2.

reproductive

genital

procreative

sex

sexual abuse

sexual abuse
If a child or other person suffers sexual abuse , someone forces them to take part in sexual activity with them, often regularly over a period of time.
N-UNCOUNT

sexual harassment *

sexual harassment
Sexual harassment is repeated and unwelcome sexual comments, looks, or physical contact at work, usually a man's actions that offend a woman.

- Sexual harassment of women workers by their bosses is believed to be widespread.

N-UNCOUNT

sexual intercourse *

sexual intercourse
Sexual intercourse is the physical act of sex between two people. (FORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

sexual intercourse

noun

copulation

bonking informal

carnal knowledge

coition

coitus

sex informal

union

sexuality

[D.J.:ˌsekʃu:ˈælɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌsɛkʃuˈælɪti]

n.

性征；性行为；性活动；性兴趣；性能力

sexuality **

1. sexuality
A person's sexuality is their sexual feelings.

- In Britain, the growing discussion of women's sexuality raised its own disquiet.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N

2. sexuality
You can refer to a person's sexuality when you are talking about whether they are sexually attracted to people of the same sex or a different sex.

- He believes he has been discriminated against because of his sexuality.

N-UNCOUNT

sexuality

noun

desire

carnality

eroticism

lust

sensuality

sexiness informal

sexualize

[D.J.:ˈseksjuəlaiz]

[K.K.:ˈsɛkʃuəˌlaɪz]

vt.

使有性别,使有性特征,使有性关系

sexualize

sexualize sexualizes sexualizing sexualized
To sexualize something or someone means to make them sexual or consider them in a sexual way.

- We are so ready to sexualise young children and start referring to their friends as girlfriends and boyfriends.

- Rape is sexualised violence.

VB (BRIT) also sexualise

sexual orientation

sexual orientation sexual orientations
Someone's sexual orientation is whether they are sexually attracted to people of the same sex, people of the opposite sex, or both.
N-VAR: oft poss N

sexual preference

sexual preference sexual preferences
Someone's sexual preference is the same as their sexual orientation .
N-VAR: oft poss N

sexily

[ˈseksili]

adv.

〈口〉性感地

sexiness

[ˈseksinis]

n.

〈口〉性感

sexy

[D.J.:ˈseksi:]

[K.K.:ˈsɛksi]

adj.

性感的, 引起兴欲的

色情的, 淫秽的

时髦的；有吸引力的

sexy **

1. sexy sexier sexiest
You can describe people and things as sexy if you think they are sexually exciting or sexually attractive.

- She was one of the sexiest women I had seen.

- It was a wonderful voice which women found incredibly sexy.

- ...sexy underwear.

ADJ-GRADED
= raunchy

2. sexily

- He says I don't dress sexily enough.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

3. sexiness

- Our image of sexiness is changing.

N-UNCOUNT

sexy

adjective

erotic

arousing

naughty

provocative

seductive

sensual

sensuous

suggestive

titillating

SF

abbr.

San Francisco旧金山 science fiction 科幻小说

SF

abbr.

San Francisco旧金山 science fiction 科幻小说

SF

SF
SF is the same as science fiction .

- Arthur C Clarke likes to quote his friend and fellow SF writer Ray Bradbury.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

sfx

Sfx is an abbreviation for special effects . (WRITTEN)

SGML

[D.J.:ˌesdʒi:emˈel]

[K.K.:ˌɛsdʒiɛmˈɛl]

abbr.

Standard for General Markup Language 通用标记语言标准

SGML

[D.J.:ˌesdʒi:emˈel]

[K.K.:ˌɛsdʒiɛmˈɛl]

abbr.

Standard for General Markup Language 通用标记语言标准

SGML

SGML
SGML is a computer language for creating files using a system of codes. SGML is an abbreviation for `standard generalized mark-up language'.
N-UNCOUNT

Sgt.

abbr.

Sergeant 中士

Sgt.

abbr.

Sergeant 中士

Sgt

Sgt
Sgt is the written abbreviation for Sergeant when it is used as a title.

- ...Sgt Johnston.

N-TITLE (AM) Sgt.

sh

[D.J.:ʃ]

[K.K.:ʃ]

int.

安静;静一静

sh *

sh
You can say ` Sh! ' to tell someone to be quiet. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)

- Sh! You want to listen or don't you?

CONVENTION also shh .
= shush

shabbily

[D.J.:ˈʃæbɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈʃæbɪlɪ]

adv.

衣衫褴褛地

不体面地

不公正地；不讲理地

shabbiness

n.

破旧

shabby

[D.J.:ˈʃæbi]

[K.K.:ˈʃæbi]

adj.

(指东西)因使用过久或照管不善而破旧的

衣衫褴褛的

卑鄙的; 下流的

shabby *

1. shabby shabbier shabbiest
Shabby things or places look old and in bad condition.

- His clothes were old and shabby.

- He walked past her into a tiny, shabby room.

- ...one of the shabbiest and poorest areas of London.

ADJ-GRADED
= scruffy

2. shabbily

- ...a shabbily dressed young man.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. shabbiness

- ...the shabbiness of the building.

N-UNCOUNT

4. shabby shabbier shabbiest
A person who is shabby is wearing old, worn clothes.

- ...a shabby, tall man with dark eyes.

ADJ-GRADED
= scruffy

5. shabby shabbier shabbiest
If you describe someone's behaviour as shabby , you think they behave in an unfair or unacceptable way.

- It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment.

- I knew it was shabby of me, but I couldn't help feeling slightly disappointed.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

6. shabbily

- I feel I behaved shabbily.

ADV-GRADED

shabby

adjective

1.

tatty

dilapidated

mean

ragged

run-down

scruffy

seedy

tattered

threadbare

worn

2.

mean

cheap

contemptible

despicable

dirty

dishonourable

low

rotten informal

scurvy

shack

[D.J.:ʃæk]

[K.K.:ʃæk]

n.

窝棚, 简陋的小屋

vi.

未婚而同居

shack *

shack shacks
A shack is a simple hut built from tin, wood, or other materials.
N-COUNT

shack

noun

hut

cabin

shanty

shack up *

shack up shacks up; shacking up; shacked up
If you say that someone has shacked up with someone else or that two people have shacked up together, you disapprove of the fact that they have started living together as lovers. (INFORMAL)

- ...the deserters who had shacked up with local women...

- The Government was keen for people to get married rather than shack up.

- It turned out she was shacked up with a lawyer in New York.

PHR-V-RECIP disapproval

shackle

[D.J.:ˈʃækəl]

[K.K.:ˈʃækəl]

n.

手铐,脚镣,镣铐

束缚,羁绊

vt.

给(某人)带上手铐或脚镣

束缚

shackle *

1. shackle shackles shackling shackled
If you are shackled by something, it prevents you from doing what you want to do. (FORMAL)

- The trade unions are shackled by the law.

- ...people who find themselves shackled to a high-stress job.

VB: usu passive
= hamper

2. shackle shackles
If you throw off the shackles of something, you reject it or free yourself from it because it was preventing you from doing what you wanted to do. (LITERARY)

- ...a country ready to throw off the shackles of its colonial past.

N-PLURAL: with supp

3. shackle shackles
Shackles are two metal rings joined by a chain which are fastened around someone's wrists or ankles in order to prevent them from moving or escaping.

- He unbolted the shackles on Billy's hands.

N-PLURAL

4. shackle shackles shackling shackled
To shackle someone means to put shackles on them.

- ...the chains that were shackling his legs...

- She was shackled to a wall.

VB

shackle

noun

often plural 1.

fetter

bond

chain

iron

leg-iron

manacle

verb

2.

fetter

bind

chain

manacle

put in irons

shade

[D.J.:ʃeid]

[K.K.:ʃed]

n.

荫; 阴凉处

阴暗部分

遮光物, 遮棚; 窗帘; (灯)罩

vt.

遮蔽

画阴影于…之上

vi.

逐渐变化

shades

[ʃeidz]

n.

暮色，夜色

shading

[D.J.:ˈʃeidiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃedɪŋ]

n.

留下阴影,描影法,明暗法,底纹,遮蔽

shade ***

1. shade shades
A shade of a particular colour is one of its different forms. For example, emerald green and olive green are shades of green.

- In the mornings the sky appeared a heavy shade of mottled gray.

- The walls were painted in two shades of green.

- ...new eyeshadows in a choice of 80 shades.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, in N

2. shade
Shade is an area of darkness under or next to an object such as a tree, where sunlight does not reach.

- Temperatures in the shade can reach forty-eight degrees celsius at this time of year.

- Alexis walked up the coast, and resumed his reading in the shade of an overhanging cliff.

- ...exotic trees provide welcome shade.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in the N

3. shade shades shading shaded
If you say that a place or person is shaded by objects such as trees, you mean that the place or person cannot be reached, harmed, or bothered by strong sunlight because those objects are in the way.

- ...a health resort whose beaches are shaded by palm trees...

- Most plants prefer to be lightly shaded from direct, hot sunlight.

- Umbrellas shade outdoor cafes along winding cobblestone streets.

VB

4. shaded

- These plants will grow happily in a sunny or partially shaded spot.

ADJ-GRADED: oft adv ADJ

5. shade shades shading shaded
If you shade your eyes, you put your hand or an object partly in front of your face in order to prevent a bright light from shining into your eyes.

- You can't look directly into it; you've got to shade your eyes or close them altogether.

- I had to stop at the traffic lights and put down the sun visor to shade my eyes from the light.

VB
= shield

6. shade
Shade is darkness or shadows as they are shown in a picture.

- ...Rembrandt's skilful use of light and shade to create the atmosphere of movement.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ light

7. shade shades
The shades of something abstract are its many, slightly different forms.

- ...the capacity to convey subtle shades of meaning.

- ...literally dozens of newspapers of every shade of opinion.

N-COUNT: usu pl, N of n

8. shade shades shading shaded
If something shades into something else, there is no clear division between the two things, so that you cannot tell where or when the first thing ends and the second thing begins.

- As the dusk shaded into night, we drove slowly through narrow alleys.

- The tail feathers are dark blue at their bases, shading to pale blue at their tips.

VB

9. shades shades
Shades are sunglasses . (INFORMAL)
N-PLURAL

10. shade shades
A shade is the same as a lampshade .
N-COUNT

11. shade shades
A shade is a piece of stiff cloth or heavy paper that you can pull down over a window as a covering. (AM; in BRIT use blind )

- Nancy left the shades down and the lights off.

N-COUNT
= blind

12. shade shades
The shade of a dead person is their spirit, which is thought to be still alive in some way and in contact with the real world. (LITERARY)

- His writing benefits from the shade of Lincoln hovering over his shoulder.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

13. shade
If you say that something is, for example, a shade unusual or a shade disappointing, you mean that it is slightly unusual or disappointing.

- The first two goals were a shade fortunate.

- He found her charming, but perhaps just a shade too ingenuous for him.

- The South is now only a shade behind the rest of the affluent United States.

PHR: PHR adj/adv/prep
= a little

14. shade
If you say that there is light and shade in something such as a performance, you mean you like it because different parts of it are different in tone or mood. (WRITTEN)

- ...a faltering, artless voice that is pleasant enough, if rather lacking in light and shade.

PHR approval

15. shade
To put someone or something in the shade means to be so impressive that the person or thing seems unimportant by comparison.

- ...a run that put every other hurdler's performance in the shade.

PHR: V inflects

shaded *

shaded
A shaded area on something such as a map is one that is coloured darker than the surrounding areas, so that it can be distinguished from them.
ADJ

shading

1. shading
Shading is material such as nets or dark paint that provide shade, especially for plants.

- The conservatory will get very hot in summer unless shading is used.

N-UNCOUNT

2. shading
Dark areas or patches in a picture or on an object can be referred to as shading .

- Trees are depicted with blocks of flat colour or shading.

N-UNCOUNT

3. shading
You can refer to very small changes or differences between things as shading or shadings .

- Their language is particularly difficult to learn because of its subtle shading of tone and emphasis.

- ...the nuances and intricate shadings of diplomatic messages.

N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, with supp

shade

noun

1.

dimness

dusk

gloom

gloominess

semidarkness

shadow

2.

screen

blind

canopy

cover

covering

curtain

shield

veil

3.

colour

hue

tinge

tint

tone

4.

dash

hint

suggestion

trace

5.

ghost

apparition

phantom

spectre

spirit

put into the shade

6.

outshine

eclipse

outclass

overshadow

verb

7.

cover

conceal

hide

obscure

protect

screen

shield

veil

8.

darken

cloud

dim

shadow

-shaded

-shaded
-shaded combines with nouns to form adjectives which indicate that sunlight is prevented from reaching a certain place by the thing mentioned.

- She turned the car into the winding, tree-shaded driveway of the mansion.

COMB: COMB in ADJ

shadow

[D.J.:ˈʃædəu]

[K.K.:ˈʃædo]

n.

阴影, 阴暗

影子

阴暗部分

虚幻的事物, 失去实质的事物

形影不离的人[物]

少许, 微量

vt.

遮蔽

跟踪

shadowing

遮蔽

shadow ***

1. shadow shadows
A shadow is a dark shape on a surface that is made when something stands between a light and the surface.

- An oak tree cast its shadow over a tiny round pool.

- Nothing would grow in the shadow of the grey wall.

- All he could see was his shadow.

N-COUNT

2. shadow
Shadow is darkness in a place caused by something preventing light from reaching it.

- Most of the lake was in shadow.

- ...a combination of light and shadow.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N
= shade

3. shadow shadows shadowing shadowed
If something shadows a thing or place, it covers it with a shadow.

- The hood shadowed her face.

VB

4. shadow shadows shadowing shadowed
If someone shadows you, they follow you very closely wherever you go.

- The supporters are being shadowed by a large and highly visible body of police.

VB
= follow

5. shadow
A British Member of Parliament who is a member of the shadow cabinet or who is a shadow cabinet minister belongs to the main opposition party and takes a special interest in matters which are the responsibility of a particular government minister.

- ...the shadow chancellor.

ADJ: ADJ n

6. shadow shadows
Also a noun.

- Clarke swung at his shadow the accusation that he was `a tabloid politician'.

N-COUNT: poss N

7. shadow
If you say that something is true without a shadow of a doubt or without a shadow of doubt , you are emphasizing that there is no doubt at all that it is true.

- It was without a shadow of a doubt the best we've played.

PHR: usu with brd-neg emphasis

8. shadow
If you live in the shadow of someone or in their shadow , their achievements and abilities are so great that you are not noticed or valued.

- He has always lived in the shadow of his brother.

PHR: N inflects

9. shadow
If you say that someone is a shadow of their former self , you mean that they are much less strong or capable than they used to be.

- Johnson returned to the track after his ban but was a shadow of his former self.

PHR: Ns inflect

shadow

noun Literary

1.

dimness

cover

darkness

dusk

gloom

shade

2.

trace

hint

suggestion

suspicion

3.

cloud

blight

gloom

sadness

verb

4.

shade

darken

overhang

screen

shield

5.

follow

stalk

tail informal

trail

shadow boxing

1. shadow boxing
Shadow boxing is a form of physical exercise or training in which you move your hands and feet as if you are boxing someone.
N-UNCOUNT

2. shadow boxing
If you describe what two people or groups are doing as shadow boxing , you mean that they seem to be taking action against each other but in fact are not serious about the dispute.

- The Clinton administration and Saddam Hussein were already engaged in some high-profile shadow boxing.

N-UNCOUNT

shadowy

[D.J.:ˈʃædəʊi:]

[K.K.:ˈʃædoi]

adj.

多阴影的

似影子的;模糊的

shadowy *

1. shadowy
A shadowy place is dark or full of shadows.

- I watched him from a shadowy corner.

- ...a broad, shadowy room.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. shadowy
A shadowy figure or shape is someone or something that you can hardly see because they are in a dark place.

- ...a tall, shadowy figure silhouetted against the pale wall.

- ...the shadowy shape of a big barge loaded with logs.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

3. shadowy
You describe activities and people as shadowy when very little is known about them.

- ...the shadowy world of spies.

- ...a shadowy group calling itself the People's Army.

ADJ
= mysterious

shadowy

adjective

1.

dark

dim

dusky

gloomy

murky

shaded

shady

2.

vague

dim

dreamlike

faint

ghostly

nebulous

phantom

spectral

unsubstantial

shady

[D.J.:ˈʃeɪdi:]

[K.K.:ˈʃedi]

adj.

背阴的, 阴凉的

靠不住的, 可疑的

shady *

1. shady shadier shadiest
You can describe a place as shady when you like the fact that it is sheltered from bright sunlight, for example by trees or buildings.

- After flowering, place the pot in a shady spot in the garden.

- The rooms are admirably cool and shady after the hot brown monotony of the countryside.

ADJ-GRADED

2. shady
Shady trees provide a lot of shade.

- Clara had been reading in a lounge chair under a shady tree.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

3. shady shadier shadiest
You can describe activities as shady when you think that they might be dishonest or illegal. You can also use shady to describe people who are involved in such activities.

- In the 1980s, the company was notorious for shady deals.

- Joseph watched a shady-looking bunch playing cards aboard a Mississippi steamer.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

shady

adjective

1.

shaded

cool

dim

2.

crooked

disreputable

dodgy Brit. Austral. & N.Z. informal

dubious

questionable

shifty

suspect

suspicious

unethical

shaft

[D.J.:ʃɑ:ft]

[K.K.:ʃæft]

n.

箭杆, 矛柄

轴

烟囱, 通风管道, 升降机井

光线

vt.

苛待(某人); 欺骗

shaft **

1. shaft shafts
A shaft is a long vertical passage, for example for a lift.

- He was found dead at the bottom of a lift shaft.

- ...old mine shafts.

N-COUNT: oft n N

2. shaft shafts
In a machine, a shaft is a rod that turns round continually in order to transfer movement in the machine.

- ...a drive shaft.

- ...the propeller shaft.

N-COUNT: usu n N

3. shaft shafts
A shaft is a long thin piece of wood or metal that forms part of a spear, axe, golf club, or other object.

- ...golf clubs with steel shafts.

N-COUNT

4. shaft shafts
A shaft of light is a beam of light, for example sunlight shining through an opening.

- A brilliant shaft of sunlight burst through the doorway.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

shaft

noun Informal

1.

handle

pole

rod

shank

stem

2.

ray

beam

gleam

shag

[D.J.:ʃæɡ]

[K.K.:ʃæɡ]

n.

浓味粗烟丝

shagged

[ˈʃæɡid]

adj.

精疲力尽的,非常疲倦的

shag *

1. shag shags
A shag is a black seabird with a yellow beak, found mainly in Europe and North Africa.
N-COUNT
= cormorant

2. shag shags shagging shagged
If someone shags another person, or if two people shag , they have sex together. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
V-RECIP

3. shag shags
Also a noun.

- ...a spy movie with car chases, a murder, a shag and a happy ending.

N-COUNT: usu sing

shaggy

[D.J.:ˈʃægi:]

[K.K.:ˈʃæɡi]

adj.

(毛发等)粗浓的

长满粗毛的

shaggy *

shaggy shaggier shaggiest
Shaggy hair or fur is long and untidy.

- Tim, who still has longish, shaggy hair, used to turn up at official dinners in jeans and T-shirt.

ADJ-GRADED

shaggy

adjective

unkempt

hairy

hirsute

long-haired

rough

tousled

unshorn

Shah *

Shah
In former times, the Shah of Iran was its ruler.
N-PROPER: the N

shake

[D.J.:ʃeik]

[K.K.:ʃek]

n.

摇动, 震动, 颠簸

哆嗦, 发颤

vt. & vi.

摇动, 摇撼, (使)颤抖

握手

vt.

使心绪不宁[烦恼, 惊吓]

动摇; 减弱

shaken

[D.J.:ˈʃeikən]

[K.K.:ˈʃekən]

shake的过去分词

shakes

[ʃeiks]

n.

〈非正〉①(因患病、害怕、喝酒等而引起的)颤抖②有影响的人士

shaking

[D.J.:ˈʃeɪkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃekɪŋ]

n.

摇动;挥动

震动;震惊

adj.

抖动的；发抖的；颤抖的

shook

[D.J.:ʃʊk]

[K.K.:ʃʊk]

shake的过去式

shake ****

1. shake shaking shook shaken
If you shake something, you hold it and move it quickly backwards and forwards or up and down. You can also shake a person, for example, because you are angry with them or because you want them to wake up.

- The nurse took the thermometer, shook it, and put it under my armpit.

- Shake the rugs well and hang them for a few hours before replacing on the floor.

- I've even seen her shake Zara when she's been naughty.

VB

2. shake shakes
Also a noun.

- She picked up the bag of salad and gave it a shake.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. shake shaking shook shaken
If you shake yourself or your body, you make a lot of quick, small, repeated movements without moving from the place where you are.

- As soon as he got inside, the dog shook himself.

- Shake your right hand downwards until you feel your fingers getting hot with blood.

VB

4. shake shakes
Also a noun.

- Take some slow, deep breaths and give your body a bit of a shake.

N-COUNT

5. shake shaking shook shaken
If you shake your head, you turn it from side to side in order to say `no' or to show disbelief or sadness.

- `Anything else?' Colum asked. Kathryn shook her head wearily.

- We were amazed, shocked, dumbfounded, shaking our heads in disbelief.

VB

6. shake shakes
Also a noun.

- `The elm trees are all dying,' said Palmer, with a sad shake of his head.

N-COUNT

7. shake shaking shook shaken
If you are shaking , or a part of your body is shaking , you are making quick, small movements that you cannot control, for example because you are cold or afraid.

- He roared with laughter, shaking in his chair.

- My hand shook so much that I could hardly hold the microphone.

- I stood there, crying and shaking with fear.

VB

8. shake shakes
If you have the shakes , your body is shaking a lot because you are afraid or ill, or because you have drunk too much alcohol. (INFORMAL)

- Another man constantly chain-smoked and seemed to have the shakes.

N-PLURAL: the N

9. shake shaking shook shaken
If you shake your fist or an object such as a stick at someone, you wave it in the air in front of them because you are angry with them.

- The colonel rushed up to Earle, and shaking his gun at him exclaimed in a voice quivering with passion: `Curse you!'.

- The protesters burst through police lines into the cathedral square, shaking clenched fists.

VB

10. shake shaking shook shaken
If a force shakes something, or if something shakes , it moves from side to side or up and down with quick, small, but sometimes violent movements.

- ...an explosion that shook buildings several kilometers away...

- The hiccups may shake your baby's body from head to foot.

- The breeze grew in strength, the flags shook, plastic bunting creaked.

V-ERG

11. shake shaking shook shaken
To shake something into a certain place or state means to bring it into that place or state by moving it quickly up and down or from side to side.

- Small insects can be collected from nettle beds by shaking them into an upturned umbrella and tipping the contents into a jam jar.

- She frees her mass of hair from a rubber band and shakes it off her shoulders.

- Shake off any excess flour before putting livers in the pan.

- The prop shaft vibrated like mad and shook the exhaust mounting loose.

VB

12. shake shaking shook shaken
If your voice is shaking , you cannot control it properly and it sounds very unsteady, for example because you are nervous or angry.

- His voice shaking with rage, he asked how the committee could keep such a report from the public.

VB

13. shake shaking shook shaken
If an event or a piece of news shakes you, or shakes your confidence, it makes you feel upset and unable to think calmly.

- There was no doubt that the news of Tandy's escape had shaken them all.

- She was close to both of her parents and was undeniably shaken by their divorce.

- Your optimism has been badly shaken over the past months.

VB

14. shaken

- Unhurt, but a bit shaken, she was trying not to cry.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

15. shake shaking shook shaken
If an event shakes a group of people or their beliefs, it causes great uncertainty and makes them question their beliefs.

- It won't shake the football world if we beat Torquay.

- When events happen that shake these beliefs, our fear takes control.

- The reforms announced by the health minister aim to win back confidence in a system shaken by a major scandal.

VB

16. shake shaking shook shaken
If you shake someone out of an attitude or belief that you disapprove of, you cause them to change their attitude or belief to one that is more responsible or sensible.

- No amount of reasoning could shake him out of his conviction.

- Many businessmen still find it hard to shake themselves out of the old state-dependent habit.

VB

17. shake shakes
A shake is the same as a milkshake .

- He sent his driver to fetch him a strawberry shake.

N-COUNT

18. shake
If you do not get a fair shake , you are not given a reasonable opportunity to succeed or to achieve something. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- A lot of people think that they're not going to get a fair shake from the courts.

PHR: PHR after v
= a fair chance

19. shake
If you say that someone or something is no great shakes , you mean that they are not very skilful or effective. (INFORMAL)

- I'm no great shakes as a detective.

- Democracies, in general, are no great shakes at confronting terrorism.

PHR: v-link PHR

20. shake
If you shake someone's hand or shake someone by the hand , you shake hands with them.

- I said congratulations and walked over to him and shook his hand.

- The Secretary emerged, a big fat man who quickly shook us all by the hand.

PHR: V inflects

21. shake
If you shake hands with someone, you take their right hand in your own for a few moments, often moving it up and down slightly, when you are saying hello or goodbye to them, congratulating them, or agreeing on something. You can also say that two people shake hands .

- He nodded greetings to Mary Ann and Michael and shook hands with Burke.

- We shook hands and parted on good terms.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, PHR with n, pl-n PHR

shaken

shaken
Shaken is the past participle of shake .

shook

shook
Shook is the past tense of shake .

shake

verb

1.

vibrate

bump

jar

jolt

quake

rock

shiver

totter

tremble

2.

wave

brandish

flourish

3.

upset

distress

disturb

frighten

rattle informal

shock

unnerve

noun

4.

vibration

agitation

convulsion

jerk

jolt

quaking

shiver

shudder

trembling

tremor

shake down ****

shake down shaking down; shook down; shaken down
If someone shakes you down , they use threats or search you physically in order to obtain something from you. (AM)

- He ordered the dismantling of police checkpoints on highways, which were being used to shake down motorists for bribes.

- Residents complain about being harassed on the street, roughed up, sometimes even shaken down for their money.

PHR-V

shake off ****

1. shake off shaking off; shook off; shaken off
If you shake off something that you do not want such as an illness or a bad habit, you manage to recover from it or get rid of it.

- Businessmen are frantically trying to shake off the bad habits learned under six decades of a protected economy.

- Get your body moving to boost energy, stay supple and shake off winter lethargy.

- He had difficulty in breathing and was generally feeling bad. He just couldn't shake it off.

PHR-V

2. shake off shaking off; shook off; shaken off
If you shake off someone who is following you, you manage to get away from them, for example by running faster than them.

- I caught him a lap later, and although I could pass him I could not shake him off.

- It seems that he was unaware that they had shaken off their pursuers.

PHR-V

3. shake off shaking off; shook off; shaken off
If you shake off someone who is touching you, you move your arm or body sharply so that they are no longer touching you.

- He grabbed my arm. I shook him off.

- She shook off his restraining hand.

PHR-V

shake out ****

shake out shaking out; shook out; shaken out
If you shake out a cloth or a piece of clothing, you hold it by one of its edges and move it up and down one or more times, in order to open it out, make it flat, or remove dust.

- While the water was heating she decided to shake out the carpet.

- I took off my poncho, shook it out, and hung it on a peg by the door.

PHR-V
See also shake-out .

shake up ****

1. shake up shaking up; shook up; shaken up
If someone shakes up something such as an organization, an institution, or a profession, they make major changes to it.

- The government wanted to accelerate the reform of the institutions, to find new ways of shaking up the country.

- Directors and shareholders are preparing to shake things up in the corporate boardrooms of America.

PHR-V
See also shake-up .

2. shake up shaking up; shook up; shaken up
If you are shaken up or shook up by an unpleasant experience, it makes you feel shocked and upset, and unable to think calmly or clearly.

- The jockey was shaken up when he was thrown twice from his horse yesterday.

- He was in the car when those people died. That really shook him up.

- He said that the accident had left her a bit shook up, but she was going to be just fine.

PHR-V The form shook can be used as the past participle

shake up

verb

1.

stir (up)

agitate

churn (up)

mix

2.

upset

disturb

shock

unsettle

shakedown

[D.J.:ˈʃeikˈdaun]

[K.K.:ˈʃekˌdaʊn]

n.

临时的便床,临时寄宿,摇落,摇匀,镇静

shakedown

1. shakedown shakedowns
If an organization or system is given a shakedown , it is thoroughly reorganized in order to make it more efficient.
N-COUNT

2. shakedown shakedowns
A shakedown of a boat, plane, or car is its final test before it starts to be used.
N-COUNT

shake-out

n.

抖出,摇出

shake-out

shake-out shake-outs
A shake-out is a major set of changes in a system or an organization which results in a large number of companies closing or a large number of people losing their jobs. (JOURNALISM)

- This should be the year of a big shake-out in Italian banking.

- The party needs a shake-out, if it is to be the driving-force of the new politics.

N-COUNT: usu sing (AM) shakeout

Shaker

1. Shaker Shakers
A Shaker is a member of an American religious group whose members live in communities and have a very simple life.
N-COUNT

2. Shaker
Shaker furniture is usually made of wood and has a very simple design.
ADJ: ADJ n

shake-up

[ˈʃeikˈʌp]

n.

动摇,骚动,革新,权宜之计,剧变,振作

shake-up *

shake-up shake-ups
A shake-up is a major set of changes in an organization or a system. (JOURNALISM)

- The report proposed an unexpectedly radical shake-up of the secondary education system.

- Doctors yesterday delivered an overwhelming vote of no confidence in controversial health service shake-ups.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of/in n (AM) shakeup

shakily

adv.

颤抖着,摇动着,虚弱不堪地,不稳定地,不坚定地

shakiness

n.

震动,颤抖,动摇,不稳定,不坚定

shaky

[D.J.:ˈʃeɪki:]

[K.K.:ˈʃeki]

adj.

摇晃的,发抖的,颤抖的

不坚定的,不稳定的,不可靠的

shakily

adv.

摇晃地,发抖地,颤抖地

不坚定地,不稳定地,不可靠地

shakiness

n.

摇晃,发抖,颤抖

不坚定,不稳定,不可靠

shaky *

1. shaky shakier shakiest
If you describe a situation as shaky , you mean that it is weak or unstable, and seems unlikely to last long or be successful.

- A shaky ceasefire is holding after three days of fighting between rival groups.

- I'm afraid that this school year is off to a shaky start.

- The Prime Minister's political position is becoming increasingly shaky.

ADJ-GRADED

2. shaky shakier shakiest
If your body or your voice is shaky , you cannot control it properly and it shakes, for example because you are ill or nervous.

- We have all had a shaky hand and a dry mouth before speaking in public.

- Even small operations can leave you feeling a bit shaky.

- His speech was difficult to understand, his signature shaky and unrecognizable.

ADJ-GRADED

3. shakily

- He made his way down the aircraft steps unaided but moved shakily as he did so.

- `I'm okay,' she said shakily.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

shaky

adjective

1.

unsteady

faltering

precarious

quivery

rickety

trembling

unstable

weak

2.

uncertain

dubious

iffy informal

questionable

suspect

shale

[D.J.:ʃeɪl]

[K.K.:ʃel]

n.

页岩

shale *

shale shales
Shale is smooth soft rock that breaks easily into thin layers.
N-MASS

shall

[D.J.:ʃæl, ʃəl]

[K.K.:ʃæl]

aux.v.

(有时与I和we连用, 表示一般将来时)将要, 会

(尤用于与I和we连用的要求听者作决定的问句中)…好吗?要不要…?

(尤用于正式文字中表示允诺、命令或法令)〈正〉可; 必须; 必将

shall ****

( Shall is a modal verb. It is used with the base form of a verb.)

1. shall
You use shall with `I' and `we' in questions in order to make offers or suggestions, or to ask for advice.

- Shall I get the keys?.

- I bought some lovely raisin buns at the bakery. Shall I bring you one with some tea?.

- Shall I telephone her and ask her to come here?.

- Well, shall we go?.

- Let's have a nice little stroll, shall we?.

- What shall I do?.

MODAL

2. shall
You use shall , usually with `I' and `we', when you are referring to something that you intend to do, or when you are referring to something that you are sure will happen to you in the future.

- We shall be landing in Paris in sixteen minutes, exactly on time.

- I shall sail out on the twenty-second.

- I shall know more next month, I hope.

- I shall miss him terribly.

MODAL

3. shall
You use shall with `I' or `we' during a speech or piece of writing to say what you are going to discuss or explain later. (FORMAL)

- In Chapter 3, I shall describe some of the documentation that I gathered.

- We shall refer here to three significant trends that arose in the previous decade.

- The building, as we shall see, is very different in its internal planning, with a great complex of halls and rooms.

MODAL

4. shall
You use shall to indicate that something must happen, usually because of a rule or law. You use shall not to indicate that something must not happen.

- The president shall hold office for five years.

- The Security Council shall decide what measures shall be taken to restore peace and security.

- The bank shall be entitled to debit the amount of such liability and all costs incurred in connection with it to your Account.

- You shall not make this speech.

- If you want to pry into other people's business you shall not do it here, young man.

MODAL

5. shall
You use shall , usually with `you', when you are telling someone that they will be able to do or have something they want.

- Very well, if you want to go, go you shall.

- `I want to hear all the gossip, all the scandal.' --- `You shall, dearie, you shall!'.

- `What I would like, is a membership list and some information on how the Society is run.' --- `Then that is what you shall have.'

MODAL

6. shall
You use shall with verbs such as `look forward to' and `hope' to say politely that you are looking forward to something or hoping to do something. (FORMAL)

- Well, we shall look forward to seeing him tomorrow.

- I shall hope to see you in my office, young lady, and we'll review your portfolio.

MODAL politeness

7. shall
You use shall when you are referring to the likely result or consequence of a particular action or situation.

- When the big City law firms finally decide to put the lid on their entertainments, we shall know that times really are hard.

- This is our last chance and we shall need to take it if we are to compete and survive.

MODAL

shallot

[D.J.:ʃəˈlɔt]

[K.K.:ʃəˈlɑt, ˈʃælət]

n.

青葱

shallot *

shallot shallots
Shallots are small round vegetables that are the roots of a crop and are similar to onions. They have a strong taste and are used for flavouring other food.
N-VAR: usu pl

shallow

[D.J.:ˈʃæləu]

[K.K.:ˈʃælo]

adj.

浅的

肤浅的

shallowly

[D.J.:ˈʃæləʊlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈʃælolɪ]

adv.

浅浅地;不深地

肤浅地,浅薄地

shallow **

1. shallow shallower shallowest
A shallow container, hole, or area of water measures only a short distance from the top to the bottom.

- Put the milk in a shallow dish.

- The water is quite shallow for some distance.

- ...the remains of a young woman found in a shallow grave.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ deep

2. shallow shallower shallowest
If you describe a person, piece of work, or idea as shallow , you disapprove of them because they do not show or involve any serious or careful thought.

- I think he is shallow, vain and untrustworthy.

- The evening news is often criticized for being shallow.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

3. shallowness

- ...intellectual shallowness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. shallow shallower shallowest
If your breathing is shallow , you take only a very small amount of air into your lungs at each breath.

- She began to hear her own taut, shallow breathing.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ deep

5. shallowly

- He was breathing, quickly and shallowly.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

shallow

adjective

1.

superficial

empty

slight

surface

trivial

2.

unintelligent

foolish

frivolous

ignorant

puerile

simple

shallows

[D.J.:ˈʃæləuz]

n.

(河、湖、海的)浅滩

shallows *

shallows
The shallows are the shallow part of an area of water.

- At dusk more fish come into the shallows.

N-PLURAL: the N

shalt

[D.J.:ʃælt,ʃəlt,ʃilt]

[K.K.:ʃælt]

shall的第二人称单数现在式

shalt

shalt
Shalt is an old-fashioned form of shall .

- Thou shalt not kill.

MODAL

sham

[D.J.:ʃæm]

[K.K.:ʃæm]

n.

欺骗;假冒

假货

vt. & vi.

假装

sham *

sham shams
Something that is a sham is not real or is not really what it seems to be.

- The government's promises were exposed as a hollow sham.

- Many of the world's leaders have already denounced this election as a sham.

- ...sham marriages.

N-COUNT: usu sing disapproval

sham

noun

1.

phoney or phony informal

counterfeit

forgery

fraud

hoax

humbug

imitation

impostor

pretence

adjective

2.

false

artificial

bogus

counterfeit

feigned

imitation

mock

phoney or phony informal

pretended

simulated

verb

3.

fake

affect

assume

feign

pretend

put on

simulate

shaman

[D.J.:ˈʃæmən]

[K.K.:ˈʃɑmən, ˈʃe-]

n.

萨满教的道士,僧人或巫师

shaman *

1. shaman shamans
A shaman is a priest or priestess in shamanism.
N-COUNT

2. shaman shamans
Among some Native American peoples, a shaman is a person who is believed to have powers to heal sick people or to remove evil spirits from them.
N-COUNT

shamanism

[D.J.:ˈʃɑ:məˌnɪzəm, ˈʃeɪ-]

[K.K.:ˈʃɑməˌnɪzəm, ˈʃe-]

萨满[黄]教(亚洲北部流行的一种原始宗教)

shamanism

shamanism
Shamanism is a religion which is based on the belief that the world is controlled by good and evil spirits, and that these spirits can be directed by people with special powers.
N-UNCOUNT

shamble

[D.J.:ˈʃæmbəl]

[K.K.:ˈʃæmbəl]

vi.

蹒跚而行, 拖着脚走, 踉跄地走

shambles

[D.J.:ˈʃæmbəlz]

[K.K.:ˈʃæmbəlz]

n.

<口>混乱;杂乱

毁坏(景象)；废墟

屠宰场

大屠杀场面

shambling

[ˈʃæmbliŋ]

adj.

蹒跚的，拖沓的；呆滞的；(地方等)死气沉沉的

shamble *

1. shamble
If a place, event, or situation is a shambles or is in a shambles , everything is in disorder.

- The ship's interior was an utter shambles.

- The economy is in a shambles.

N-SING
= mess

2. shamble shambles shambling shambled
If you shamble somewhere, you walk clumsily, pulling your feet along the ground. (LITERARY)

- The conductor shambled to the next carriage.

- ...his tall, shambling figure.

VB

shambles

noun

chaos

confusion

disarray

disorder

havoc

madhouse

mess

muddle

shambolic

[D.J.:ʃæmˈbɔlik]

[K.K.:ʃæmˈbɑlɪk]

adj.

大混乱的

shambolic

shambolic
If you describe a situation, person, or place as shambolic , you mean that they are very disorganized. (BRIT)

- ...a shambolic public relations disaster...

- John lived in a stylishly shambolic artist's studio.

ADJ-GRADED

shame

[D.J.:ʃeim]

[K.K.:ʃem]

n.

羞愧, 羞耻, 惭愧

羞愧感, 羞耻之心

羞辱; 耻辱

可耻的人[事]; 令人惋惜的事

vt.

使蒙羞, 玷辱

使感到羞愧, 使觉得丢脸

使相形见绌, 使黯然失色

shame ***

1. shame
Shame is an uncomfortable feeling that you get when you have done something wrong or embarrassing, or when someone close to you has.

- She felt a deep sense of shame.

- They feel shame and guilt as though it is their fault.

- Her father and her brothers would die of shame.

- I was, to my shame, a coward.

N-UNCOUNT

2. shame
If someone brings shame on you, they make other people lose their respect for you.

- I don't want to bring shame on the family name.

- He committed suicide rather than face the shame of being linked to the scandal.

N-UNCOUNT
= disgrace

3. shame shames shaming shamed
If something shames you, it causes you to feel shame.

- Her son's affair had humiliated and shamed her.

VB

4. shame shames shaming shamed
If you shame someone close to you, you make people lose their respect for that person, by behaving in an unacceptable way.

- I wouldn't shame my father by trying that.

VB

5. shame shames shaming shamed
If you shame someone into doing something, you force them to do it by making them feel ashamed not to.

- He would not let neighbours shame him into silence.

- Museums have now been shamed out of selling the treasures from their collections.

VB

6. shame
If you say that something is a shame , you are expressing your regret about it and indicating that you wish it had happened differently.

- It's a crying shame that police have to put up with these mindless attacks.

- They did not have enough money to adopt a child. It was such a shame.

N-SING: a N, oft it v-link N that feelings

7. shame
You can use shame in expressions such as shame on you and shame on him to indicate that someone ought to feel shame for something they have said or done.

- He tried to deny it. Shame on him!

CONVENTION feelings

8. shame
If someone puts you to shame , they make you feel ashamed because they do something much better than you do.

- His playing really put me to shame.

PHR: V inflects

shame

noun

1.

embarrassment

abashment

humiliation

ignominy

mortification

2.

disgrace

blot

discredit

dishonour

disrepute

infamy

reproach

scandal

smear

verb

3.

embarrass

abash

disgrace

humble

humiliate

mortify

4.

dishonour

blot

debase

defile

degrade

smear

stain

shamefaced

[D.J.:ˈʃeɪmˌfeɪst]

[K.K.:ˈʃemˌfest]

adj.

羞愧的;惭愧的

shamefacedly

adv.

shamefacedly

adv.

羞愧地,羞怯地

shamefaced

shamefaced
If you are shamefaced , you feel embarrassed because you have done something that you know you should not have done. (FORMAL)

- There was a long silence, and my father looked shamefaced.

ADJ-GRADED

shamefaced

adjective

embarrassed

abashed

ashamed

humiliated

mortified

red-faced

sheepish

shameful

[D.J.:ˈʃeɪmfəl]

[K.K.:ˈʃemfəl]

adj.

应受责备的;丢脸的;可耻的

shamefully

[D.J.:ˈʃeɪmfəlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈʃemfəlɪ]

adv.

可耻地;丢脸地

不体面地;羞耻地

shameful *

1. shameful
If you describe a person's action or attitude as shameful , you think that it is so bad that the person ought to be ashamed.

- ...the most shameful episode in US naval history.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. shamefully

- At times they have been shamefully neglected.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

shameful

adjective

1.

embarrassing

cringe-making Brit. informal

humiliating

mortifying

2.

disgraceful

base

dishonourable

low

mean

outrageous

scandalous

wicked

shameless

[D.J.:ˈʃeɪmlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈʃemlɪs]

adj.

(人)无耻的, 不知羞耻的, 不要脸的

卑鄙的, 卑劣的;亵渎的

shamelessly

[D.J.:ˈʃeɪmləslɪ]

[K.K.:ˈʃemləslɪ]

adv.

厚着脸皮地;无耻地

shameless *

1. shameless
If you describe someone as shameless , you mean that they should be ashamed of their behaviour, which is unacceptable to other people.

- ...a shameless attempt to stifle democratic debate.

- ...a shameless hustler and dealer in stolen goods.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. shamelessly

- ...a shamelessly lazy week-long trip.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

shameless

adjective

brazen

audacious

barefaced

flagrant

hardened

insolent

unabashed

unashamed

shampoo

[D.J.:ʃæmˈpu:]

[K.K.:ʃæmˈpu]

n.

洗发剂, 洗发香波

洗头

vt.

用洗发剂洗头

shampoo *

1. shampoo shampoos
Shampoo is a soapy liquid that you use for washing your hair.

- ...a bottle of shampoo.

- ...bubble baths, soaps and shampoos.

N-MASS

2. shampoo shampoos shampooing shampooed
When you shampoo your hair, you wash it using shampoo.

- Shampoo your hair and dry it.

VB

shamrock

[D.J.:ˈʃæmrɔk]

[K.K.:ˈʃæmˌrɑk]

n.

三叶草(爱尔兰的国花),红(或白)三叶草,天蓝,天蓝苜蓿

shamrock

shamrock shamrocks
A shamrock is a small plant with three round leaves on each stem. The shamrock is the national symbol of Ireland.
N-COUNT

shandy

[D.J.:ˈʃændi]

[K.K.:ˈʃændi]

n.

一种搀干姜汁麦酒或柠檬汁的啤酒

shandy

1. shandy
Shandy is a drink which is made by mixing beer and lemonade. (BRIT)

- ...half a pint of shandy.

N-UNCOUNT

2. shandy shandies
A glass of shandy can be referred to as a shandy .
N-COUNT

shank

[D.J.:ʃæŋk]

[K.K.:ʃæŋk]

n.

小腿

(锚, 钥匙等)直而细长的部分

shanks

长腿的人

shank *

1. shank shanks
The shank of an object is the long, thin, straight part of the object.

- These hooks are sharp with long shanks.

- ...the shank of the club.

N-COUNT

2. shank shanks
Shanks are the lower parts of the legs; used especially with reference to meat.

- Turn the shanks and baste them once or twice as they cook.

N-COUNT: usu pl

shan't

shan't
Shan't is the usual spoken form of `shall not'.

shanty

[D.J.:ˈʃænti:]

[K.K.:ˈʃænti]

n.

简陋的小木屋,铁皮棚屋

船工号子,船歌

shanty *

1. shanty shanties
A shanty is a small rough hut which poor people live in, built from tin, cardboard, or other materials that are not very strong.
N-COUNT

2. shanty shanties
A shanty is a song which sailors used to sing while they were doing work on a ship.

- ...one of my father's favourite sea-shanties.

N-COUNT

shanty

noun

shack

cabin

hut

shed

shanty town

shanty town shanty towns
A shanty town is a collection of rough huts which poor people live in, usually in or near a large city.
N-COUNT also shantytown .

shape

[D.J.:ʃeip]

[K.K.:ʃep]

n.

外形, 形状, 样子

模糊的东西

〈口〉情况; 状态

vt.

做成某物的形状

对(某人或某事物)有重大影响; 决定(某事物)的性质

使(服装)合身

shaped

[D.J.:ʃeɪpt]

[K.K.:ʃept]

adj.

…形状的

合适的

有计划的；有目标的

shaping

[ˈʃeipiŋ]

n.,adj.

修整(的)

shape ****

1. shape shapes
The shape of an object, a person, or an area is the appearance of their outside edges or surfaces, for example whether they are round, square, curved, or fat.

- Each mirror is made to order and can be designed to almost any shape or size.

- ...little pens in the shape of baseball bats...

- The glass bottle is the shape of a woman's torso.

- ...sofas and chairs of contrasting shapes and colours...

- The buds are conical or pyramidal in shape.

- These bras should be handwashed to help them keep their shape.

- Walking is extremely beneficial to your body shape.

N-COUNT: oft N of n, also in N

2. shape shapes
You can refer to something that you can see as a shape if you cannot see it clearly, or if its outline is the clearest or most striking aspect of it.

- The great grey shape of a tank rolled out of the village.

- Lying in bed we often see dark shapes of herons silhouetted against the moon.

N-COUNT

3. shape shapes
A shape is a space enclosed by an outline, for example a circle, a square, or a triangle.

- ...if you imagine a sort of a kidney shape...

- He suggested that the shapes represented a map of Britain and Ireland.

N-COUNT

4. shape
The shape of something that is planned or organized is its structure and character.

- European Community leaders are meeting in Dublin to plan the future shape of Western Europe.

- Ultimately, we can change the shape of people's lives.

N-SING: usu N of n

5. shape shapes shaping shaped
Someone or something that shapes a situation or an activity has a very great influence on the way it develops.

- Christian Democratic leaders are meeting to discuss their role in shaping the future of Europe.

- Like it or not, our families shape our lives and make us what we are.

VB

6. shape shapes shaping shaped
If you shape an object, you give it a particular shape, using your hands or a tool.

- Cut the dough in half and shape each half into a loaf.

- ...machinery for shaping the plutonium core of nuclear weapons.

VB

7. shape
If you say that something is the shape of things to come , you mean that it is the start of a new trend or development, and in future things will be like this.

- British Rail says its new Liverpool Street station is the shape of things to come.

PHR: v-link PHR

8. shape
If you say, for example, that you will not accept something in any shape or form , or in any way, shape or form , you are emphasizing that you will not accept it in any circumstances.

- I don't condone violence in any shape or form.

- There is absolutely no reason for consumers to be panicking in any way, shape or form.

PHR: PHR after v emphasis

9. shape
If someone or something is in shape , or in good shape , they are in a good state of health or in a good condition. If they are in bad shape , they are in a bad state of health or in a bad condition.

- ...the Fatburner Diet Book, a comprehensive guide to getting in shape...

- He was still in better shape than many young men.

- The trees were in bad shape from dry rot.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

10. shape
You can use in the shape of to state exactly who or what you are referring to, immediately after referring to them in a general way.

- The Prime Minister found a surprise ally today in the shape of Jacques Delors, the Commission President.

- What industry needed now was a little hope in the shape of an interest-rate cut.

PHR: PHR n

11. shape
If you lick, knock, or whip someone or something into shape , you use whatever methods are necessary to change or improve them so that they are in the condition that you want them to be in.

- You'll have four months in which to lick the recruits into shape.

- Few people doubt his ability to whip the economy into shape.

PHR: V inflects

12. shape
If something is out of shape , it is no longer in its proper or original shape, for example because it has been damaged or wrongly handled.

- Once most wires are bent out of shape, they don't return to the original position.

PHR: PHR after v

13. shape
If you are out of shape , you are unhealthy and unable to do a lot of physical activity without getting tired.
PHR: v-link PHR
= unfit ≠ fit

14. shape
If you say that things or people of a certain type come in all shapes and sizes , you mean that there are a large number of them, and that they are often very different from each other.

- Colleges and universities come in all shapes and sizes.

PHR: V inflects

15. shape
When something takes shape , it develops or starts to appear in such a way that it becomes fairly clear what its final form will be.

- In 1912 women's events were added, and the modern Olympic programme began to take shape.

PHR: V inflects

shaped ***

shaped
Something that is shaped like a particular object or in a particular way has the shape of that object or a shape of that type.

- A new perfume from Russia came in a bottle shaped like a tank.

- ...oddly shaped little packages.

ADJ: v-link ADJ like n, adv ADJ

shape

noun

1.

form

build

configuration

contours

figure

lines

outline

profile

silhouette

2.

pattern

frame

model

mould

3.

condition

fettle

health

state

trim

verb

4.

form

create

fashion

make

model

mould

produce

5.

develop

adapt

devise

frame

modify

plan

shape up ****

1. shape up shapes up; shaping up; shaped up
If something is shaping up , it is starting to develop or seems likely to happen.

- There are also indications that a major tank battle may be shaping up for tonight.

- The accident is already shaping up as a significant environmental disaster.

- It's shaping up to be a terrible winter.

PHR-V

2. shape up shapes up; shaping up; shaped up
If you ask how someone or something is shaping up , you want to know how well they are doing in a particular situation or activity.

- I did have a few worries about how Hugh and I would shape up as parents.

- Girls are being recruited now. I heard they are shaping up very well.

PHR-V

3. shape up shapes up; shaping up; shaped up
If you tell someone to shape up , you are telling them to start behaving in a sensible and responsible way.

- It is of no value simply to tell one's adolescent children to shape up and do something useful.

PHR-V

-shaped

-shaped
-shaped combines with nouns to form adjectives that describe the shape of an object.

- ...large, heart-shaped leaves.

- ...an L-shaped settee.

COMB in ADJ

shapeless

[D.J.:ˈʃeɪplɪs]

[K.K.:ˈʃeplɪs]

adj.

<贬> ①无定形的;不成形的;样子不好看的

结构混乱的;条理不清的

shapelessly

adv.

shapelessness

n.

shapelessly

adv.

不成形地,无定形地

shapeless

shapeless
Something that is shapeless does not have a distinct or attractive shape.

- Aunt Mary never wore anything but shapeless black dresses.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

shapeless

adjective

formless

amorphous

irregular

misshapen

unstructured

shapeliness

n.

像样子,形状好

shapely

[D.J.:ˈʃeɪpli:]

[K.K.:ˈʃepli]

adj.

<正,褒>(尤指女人的身材或腿)样子好的;匀称的

shapeliness

n.

shapely

shapely
If you describe a woman as shapely , you mean that she has an attractive shape.

- ...her shapely legs.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n approval

shapely

adjective

well-formed

curvaceous

elegant

graceful

neat

trim

well-proportioned

shard

[D.J.:ʃɑ:d]

[K.K.:ʃɑrd]

n.

(玻璃、金属或其他硬物的)尖利的碎片

shard

shard shards
Shards are pieces of broken glass, pottery, or metal.

- Eyewitnesses spoke of rocks and shards of glass flying in the air.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

share

[D.J.:ʃɛə]

[K.K.:ʃɛr]

n.

(分享到的或贡献出的)一份

(参与、得到等的)份

股, 股份, 股票

vt. & vi.

共有, 共用, 均摊, 参与

vt.

分配, 均分

shared

[ʃɛəd]

adj.

共享的，共用的

sharing

[ˈʃɛəriŋ]

n.

分配,均分,共价,共享,共用

share *****

1. share shares
A company's shares are the many equal parts into which its ownership is divided. Shares can be bought by people as an investment.

- This is why Sir Colin Marshall, British Airways' chairman, has been so keen to buy shares in US-AIR.

- They faced a period of some months when the share price would remain fairly static.

N-COUNT: oft N in n

2. share shares sharing shared
If you share something with another person, you both have it, use it, or occupy it. You can also say that two people share something.

- ...the small income he had shared with his brother from his father's estate...

- Two Americans will share this year's Nobel Prize for Medicine.

- Scarce water resources are shared between states who cannot trust each other.

- Most hostel tenants would prefer single to shared rooms.

V-RECIP

3. share shares sharing shared
If you share a task, duty, or responsibility with someone, you each carry out or accept part of it. You can also say that two people share something.

- You can find out whether they are prepared to share the cost of the flowers with you.

- The republics have worked out a plan for sharing control of nuclear weapons.

V-RECIP

4. share shares sharing shared
If you share an experience with someone, you have the same experience, often because you are with them at the time. You can also say that two people share something.

- Yes, I want to share my life with you.

- I felt we both shared the same sense of loss, felt the same pain.

V-RECIP

5. share shares shared
If you share someone's opinion, you agree with them.

- The forum's members share his view that business can be a positive force for change in developing countries.

- Prosperity and economic success remain popular and broadly shared goals.

VB: no cont

6. share shares shared
If one person or thing shares a quality or characteristic with another, they have the same quality or characteristic. You can also say that two people or things share something.

- La Repubblica and El Pais are politically independent newspapers which share similar characteristics with certain British newspapers.

- ...two groups who share a common language.

V-RECIP: no cont

7. share shares sharing shared
If you share something that you have with someone, you give some of it to them or let them use it.

- The village tribe is friendly and they share their water supply with you.

- Scientists now have to compete for funding, and do not share information among themselves.

- Toddlers are notoriously antisocial when it comes to sharing toys.

VB

8. share shares sharing shared
If you share something personal such as a thought or a piece of news with someone, you tell them about it.

- It can be beneficial to share your feelings with someone you trust.

- Film critic Bob Mondello shares his thoughts on the movie `City of Hope'.

VB

9. share shares
If something is divided or distributed among a number of different people or things, each of them has, or is responsible for, a share of it.

- Sara also pays a share of the gas, electricity and phone bills.

- He is counting on winning seats and perhaps a share in the new government of Macedonia.

N-COUNT: usu sing, oft N of/in n

10. share shares
If you have or do your share of something, you have or do an amount that seems reasonable to you, or to other people.

- Women must receive their fair share of training for good-paying jobs.

- I have had more than my full share of adventures.

N-COUNT: usu sing with poss, N of n

share

noun

1.

part

allotment

allowance

contribution

due

lot

portion

quota

ration

whack informal

verb

2.

divide

assign

distribute

partake

participate

receive

split

share in *****

share in shares in; sharing in; shared in
If you share in something such as a success or a responsibility, you are one of a number of people who achieve or accept it.

- The company is offering you the chance to share in its success.

- Everybody shares in the cooking chores.

PHR-V

share out *****

share out shares out; sharing out; shared out
If you share out an amount of something, you give each person in a group an equal or fair part of it.

- If you start taking the prize money off the people from the top then you could share it out a bit more equally.

- Warsaw Pact members have failed to agree on how to share out proposed cuts in tank numbers.

- ...a formula for sharing out power among the various clans.

PHR-V
See also share-out .

sharecropper

[D.J.:ˈʃeəˌkrɔpə]

[K.K.:ˈʃɛrˌkrɑpɚ]

n.

<美>佃农

sharecropper

sharecropper sharecroppers
A sharecropper is a farmer who pays the rent for his land with some of the crops they produce.
N-COUNT

shareholder

[D.J.:ˈʃeəˌhəʊldə]

[K.K.:ˈʃɛrˌholdɚ]

n.

股东

shareholder ***

shareholder shareholders
A shareholder is a person who owns shares in a company.

- ...a shareholders' meeting.

N-COUNT

shareholding

[ˈʃeəˌhəuldiŋ]

n.

股权

shareholding

shareholding shareholdings
If you have a shareholding in a company, you own some of its shares.
N-COUNT

share index *

share index share indices or share indexes
A share index is a number that indicates the state of a stock market. It is based on the combined share prices of a set of companies.

- The FT 30 share index was up 16.4 points to 1,599.6.

N-COUNT

share issue

share issue share issues
When there is a share issue , shares in a company are made available for people to buy.
N-COUNT

share-out

n.

分配

share-out

share-out share-outs
If there is a share-out of something, several people are given equal or fair parts of it.

- ...a referendum on independence and the share-out of seats in the transitional government.

N-COUNT: usu sing

share shop

share shop share shops
A share shop is a shop or Internet website where members of the public can buy shares in companies.
N-COUNT

shareware

[D.J.:ˈʃeəˌweə]

[K.K.:ˈʃɛrˌwɛr]

n.

共享件

shareware

shareware
Shareware is computer software that you can try before deciding whether or not to buy the legal right to use it. (TECHNICAL)

- ...a shareware program.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

shark

[D.J.:ʃɑ:k]

[K.K.:ʃɑrk]

n.

鲨鱼

shark *

1. shark sharks
A shark is a very large fish. Some sharks have very sharp teeth and may attack people.
N-VAR The form shark can also be used as the plural form

2. shark sharks
If you refer to a person as a shark , you disapprove of them because they trick people out of their money by giving bad advice about buying, selling, or investments. (INFORMAL)

- Beware the sharks when you are making up your mind how to invest.

N-COUNT disapproval
See also loan shark .

sharp

[D.J.:ʃɑ:p]

[K.K.:ʃɑrp]

adj.

锋利的, 尖锐的

急转的, 陡峭的; 突然的, 急剧的

轮廓鲜明的; 明显的; 清晰的

灵敏的, 机警的

辛辣的, 刺骨[鼻, 眼, 耳]的

蓄意中伤的; 尖刻的; 严厉的

adv.

准时地

突然地, 急剧地

sharper

[D.J.:ˈʃɑ:pə]

[K.K.:ˈʃɑrpɚ]

n.

磨具,削具,(赌博中的)骗子

sharply

[D.J.:ˈʃ ɑ:plɪ]

[K.K.:ˈʃ ɑrplɪ]

adv.

锋利地;锐利地

突然地；急剧地；猛烈地;激烈地

严厉地;愤怒地

明确地;鲜明地;清楚地

sharpness

[ˈʃɑ:pnis]

n.

锐利

sharp ****

1. sharp sharper sharpest
A sharp point or edge is very thin and can cut through things very easily. A sharp knife, tool, or other object has a point or edge of this kind.

- The other end of the twig is sharpened into a sharp point to use as a toothpick.

- Using a sharp knife, cut away the pith and peel from both fruits.

- The ground was strewn with sharp-edged pebbles.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ blunt

2. sharp sharper sharpest
You can describe a shape or an object as sharp if part of it or one end of it comes to a point or forms an angle.

- His nose was thin and sharp.

- ...black sharp-toed cowboy boots.

ADJ-GRADED

3. sharp sharper sharpest
A sharp bend or turn is one that changes direction suddenly.

- I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left.

ADJ-GRADED
= tight

4. sharp
Also an adverb.

- Do not cross the bridge but turn sharp left to go down on to the towpath.

ADV: ADV adv

5. sharply

- Room number nine was at the far end of the corridor where it turned sharply to the right.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

6. sharp sharper sharpest
If you describe someone as sharp , you are praising them because they are quick to notice, hear, understand, or react to things.

- He is very sharp, a quick thinker and swift with repartee.

- Gates is known to be a superb analyst with a sharp eye and an excellent memory.

ADJ-GRADED approval

7. sharpness

- I much preferred working for Americans: I liked their enthusiasm and sharpness of mind.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N of n

8. sharp sharper sharpest
If someone says something in a sharp way, they say it suddenly and rather firmly or angrily, for example because they are warning or criticizing you.

- `Don't contradict your mother,' was Charles's sharp reprimand.

- That ruling had drawn sharp criticism from civil rights groups.

ADJ-GRADED

9. sharply

- `You've known,' she said sharply, `and you didn't tell me?'.

- Environmentalists were sharply critical of the policy for its failure to encourage conservation.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

10. sharpness

- `Let them find their own way out,' said his father with unaccustomed sharpness.

N-UNCOUNT

11. sharp sharper sharpest
A sharp change, movement, or feeling occurs suddenly, and is great in amount, force, or degree.

- There's been a sharp rise in the rate of inflation.

- Tennis requires a lot of short sharp movements.

- He felt a sharp pain in the abductor muscle in his right thigh.

ADJ-GRADED

12. sharply

- Unemployment among the over forties has risen sharply in recent years.

- I turned my body sharply in the chair.

- The latest survey shows buying plans for homes are sharply lower than in June.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj

13. sharp sharper sharpest
A sharp difference, image, or sound is very easy to see, hear, or distinguish.

- Many people make a sharp distinction between humans and other animals.

- Her reticence was in sharp contrast to the glamour and star status of her predecessors.

- All the footmarks are quite sharp and clear.

- We heard a voice sing out in a clear, sharp tone.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

14. sharply

- Opinions on this are sharply divided.

- The woman's figure is sharply brought out by the intense Proven¸cal light.

- The things she saw and heard every day made her ever more sharply aware of the separation between herself and her family.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

15. sharpness

- The telescope will show us our Universe as we've never seen it before, with wonderful sharpness and clarity.

N-UNCOUNT

16. sharp sharper sharpest
A sharp taste or smell is rather strong or bitter, but is often also clear and fresh.

- ...a colourless, almost odourless liquid with a sharp, sweetish taste...

- In the hot sun the rain-washed herbs smelled sharp and spicy and sweet all at once.

ADJ-GRADED

17. sharpness

- The pesto vinaigrette added a stimulating sharpness.

N-UNCOUNT

18. sharp sharper sharpest
A sharp wind, or sharp cold, is so strong or intense that it almost hurts you when you are exposed to it.

- The wind was not as sharp and cruel as it had been.

ADJ-GRADED
= biting

19. sharp sharper sharpest
Sharp clothes are neat, elegant, and fashionable.

- Now politics is all about the right haircut and a sharp suit.

- A sharp dresser, Wyatt is never seen in casual clothes.

ADJ-GRADED

20. sharp
Sharp is used after stating a particular time to show that something happens at exactly the time stated.

- She planned to unlock the store at 8.00 sharp this morning.

ADV: n ADV
= precisely

21. sharp sharps
Sharp is used after a letter representing a musical note to show that the note should be played or sung half a tone higher. Sharp is often represented by the symbol #.

- A solitary viola plucks a lonely, soft F sharp.

N-COUNT: usu n N
≠ flat

22. sharp
If you say that someone is at the sharp end of a particular activity or type of work, you mean that they are involved in the most difficult or dangerous aspects of it. (mainly BRIT)

- Vincent French is a real estate broker at the sharp end of a tough and exacting business.

- Working at the sharp end, many of us have noted an increase in the number of patients attending surgeries.

PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft PHR of n
short, sharp shock : see shock .

sharp

adjective

1.

keen

acute

jagged

pointed

serrated

spiky

2.

sudden

abrupt

distinct

extreme

marked

3.

clear

crisp

distinct

well-defined

4.

quick-witted

alert

astute

bright

clever

discerning

knowing

penetrating

perceptive

quick

5.

dishonest

artful

crafty

cunning

sly

unscrupulous

wily

6.

cutting

barbed

biting

bitter

caustic

harsh

hurtful

7.

sour

acid

acrid

hot

piquant

pungent

tart

8.

acute

intense

painful

piercing

severe

shooting

stabbing

adverb

9.

promptly

exactly

on the dot

on time

precisely

punctually

sharpen

[D.J.:ˈʃɑ:pən]

[K.K.:ˈʃɑrpən]

vt. & vi.

(使)变锋利;削尖, 磨快

sharpen up

(使)变得更好(或技术更高、更有效等)；提高某人(或事物)的水平(或技术、效率等)

sharpening

[ˈʃɑ:pəniŋ]

n.

磨快,磨尖,磨刀,削尖,刃磨

sharpen *

1. sharpen sharpens sharpening sharpened
If your senses, understanding, or skills sharpen or are sharpened , you become better at noticing things, thinking, or doing something.

- Her gaze sharpened, as if she had seen something unusual.

- You can sharpen your skills with rehearsal.

V-ERG

2. sharpen sharpens sharpening sharpened
If you sharpen an object, you make its edge very thin or you make its end pointed.

- He started to sharpen his knife.

- ...sharpened pencils.

VB

3. sharpen sharpens sharpening sharpened
If disagreements or differences between people sharpen , or if they are sharpened , they become bigger or more important.

- The difference has sharpened during this recession, as men have lost jobs faster than women.

- The case of Harris has sharpened the debate over capital punishment.

V-ERG

sharpen

verb

whet

edge

grind

hone

sharpen up *

sharpen up sharpens up; sharpening up; sharpened up
If you sharpen something up , or if it sharpens up , it becomes smarter or better than it was. (INFORMAL)

- The fashion designers have sharpened up their act in the last few years.

- If he really wants to sell his product, he'll have to get his marketing boys to sharpen up.

PHR-V-ERG

sharpener

[ˈʃɑ:pənə]

n.

削刀,磨床,磨器,磨具

sharpener

sharpener sharpeners
A sharpener is a tool or machine used for sharpening pencils or knives.

- ...a pencil sharpener.

N-COUNT: usu n N

sharp-eyed

[D.J.:ˈʃɑ:pˈaid]

[K.K.:ˈʃɑrpˈaɪd]

adj.

目光敏锐的

sharp-eyed

sharp-eyed
A sharp-eyed person is good at noticing and observing things.

- A sharp-eyed shop assistant spotted the fake and police were called.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

sharpish

adj.,adv.

相当锐利的(地)

sharpish

sharpish
If you do something sharpish , you do it quickly, without any delay. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- She was asked to leave, sharpish.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

sharp practice

sharp practice
You can use sharp practice to refer to an action or a way of behaving, especially in business or professional matters, that you think is clever but dishonest.

- He accused some solicitors of sharp practice in quoting low fees which were later increased.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

sharpshooter

[D.J.:ˈʃɑ:pʃu:tə]

[K.K.:ˈʃɑrpˌʃutɚ]

n.

射击名手,神枪手,〈俚〉(追求暴利的)奸商

sharpshooter

sharpshooter sharpshooters
A sharpshooter is a person who can fire a gun very accurately. (AM)
N-COUNT
= marksman

sharp tongue

sharp tongue sharp tongues
If you say that someone has a sharp tongue , you are critical of the fact that they say things which are unkind though often clever.

- Despite her moods and sharp tongue, she inspires fierce loyalty from her friends.

N-COUNT disapproval

sharp-tongued

[D.J.:ˈʃɑ:pˈtʌŋd]

[K.K.:ˈʃɑrpˈtʌŋd]

adj.

说话尖酸的,刻薄嘴的

sharp-tongued

sharp-tongued
If you describe someone as sharp-tongued , you being critical of them for speaking in a way which is unkind though often clever.

- Julia was a very tough, sharp-tongued woman.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

shat

[D.J.:ʃæt]

[K.K.:ʃæt]

shit的过去式或过去分词

shat

Shat is the past tense and past participle of shit .

shatter

[D.J.:ˈʃætə]

[K.K.:ˈʃætɚ]

vt.

砸碎, 粉碎

大大扰乱; 毁坏

shattering

脱粒,落粒(性)

shatter *

1. shatter shatters shattering shattered
If something shatters , it breaks into a lot of small pieces.

- ...safety glass that won't shatter if it's broken...

- The car shattered into a thousand burning pieces in a 200mph crash.

- One bullet shattered his skull.

V-ERG

2. shattering

- ...the shattering of glass.

N-UNCOUNT

3. shatter shatters shattering shattered
If something shatters your dreams, hopes, or beliefs, it completely destroys them.

- A failure would shatter the hopes of many people.

- Something like that really shatters your confidence.

- ...broken hearts and shattered dreams.

VB
= destroy

4. shatter shatters shattering shattered
If someone is shattered by an event, it shocks and upsets them very much.

- He had been shattered by his son's death.

- ...the tragedy which had shattered his life.

VB

shattered **

1. shattered
If you are shattered by something, you are extremely shocked and upset about it.

- It is desperately sad news and I am absolutely shattered to hear it.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= devastated

2. shattered
If you say you are shattered , you mean you are extremely tired and have no energy left. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He was shattered and too tired to concentrate on schoolwork.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= exhausted

shattering *

shattering
Something that is shattering shocks and upsets you very much.

- The experience of their daughter's death had been absolutely shattering.

- Yesterday's decision was another shattering blow.

ADJ-GRADED
= devastating

shatter

verb

1.

smash

break

burst

crack

crush

pulverize

2.

destroy

demolish

ruin

torpedo

wreck

shattered

adjective Informal

1.

exhausted

all in slang

dead beat informal

done in informal

drained

knackered slang

ready to drop

tired out

worn out

2.

devastated

crushed

shave

[D.J.:ʃeiv]

[K.K.:ʃev]

vt. & vi.

(用剃刀)刮(胡须等); 为(某人)剃毛发

vt.

刨(木头等); 削; 刮

〈口〉掠过, 擦过(某人或某物)

n.

剃, 刮

shaving

[D.J.:ˈʃeiviŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃevɪŋ]

n.

刨片, 削片

shavings

[D.J.:ˈʃeɪvɪ ŋz]

[K.K.:ˈʃevɪ ŋz]

n.

(刨削下来的)薄片,刨花

shave **

1. shave shaves shaving shaved
When a man shaves , he removes the hair from his face using a razor or shaver so that his face is smooth.

- He took a bath and shaved before dinner.

- He had shaved his face until it was smooth.

- It's a pity you shaved your moustache off.

VB

2. shave shaves
Also a noun.

- He never seemed to need a shave.

N-COUNT

3. shaving

- ...a range of shaving products.

N-UNCOUNT

4. shave shaves shaving shaved
If someone shaves a part of their body, they remove the hair from it so that it is smooth.

- Many women shave their legs.

- If you have long curly hair, don't shave it off.

VB

5. shave shaves shaving shaved
If you shave someone, you remove the hair from their face or another part of their body so that it is smooth.

- The doctors shaved his head.

- She had to call a barber to shave him.

VB

6. shave shaves shaving shaved
If you shave off part of a piece of wood or other material, you cut very thin pieces from it.

- I set the log on the ground and shaved off the bark.

- She was shaving thin slices off a courgette.

VB

7. shave shaves shaving shaved
If you shave a small amount off something such as a record, cost, or price, you reduce it by that amount.

- She's already shaved four seconds off the national record for the mile.

- Supermarket chains have shaved prices.

VB

8. shave
If you describe a situation as a close shave , you mean that there was nearly an accident or a disaster but it was avoided.

- I can't quite believe the close shaves I've had just recently.

PHR: N inflects

shaving *

shaving shavings
Shavings are small very thin pieces of wood or other material which have been cut from a larger piece.

- The floor was covered with shavings from his wood carvings.

- ...metal shavings.

N-COUNT: usu pl
See also shave .

shave

verb

trim

crop

pare

shear

shaven

[D.J.:ˈʃeɪvn]

adj.

剃光毛发的

shaven *

shaven
If a part of someone's body is shaven , it has been shaved.

- ...a small boy with a shaven head.

ADJ
See also clean-shaven .

shaver

[D.J.:ˈʃeɪvə]

[K.K.:ˈʃevɚ]

n.

修面人

刨削器

剃刀,(尤指)电动剃须刀

shaver *

shaver shavers
A shaver is an electric device, used for shaving hair from the face and body.

- ...men's electric shavers.

N-COUNT: oft adj N

shaving cream

shaving cream shaving creams
Shaving cream is a soft soapy substance which men put on their face before they shave.

- ...a tube of shaving cream.

N-MASS also shaving foam

shawl

[D.J.:ʃɔ:l]

[K.K.:ʃɔl]

n.

围巾, 披肩

shawl *

shawl shawls
A shawl is a large piece of woollen cloth which a woman wears over her shoulders or head, or which is wrapped around a baby to keep it warm.
N-COUNT

she

[D.J.:ʃi:, ʃi]

[K.K.:ʃi]

pron.

她, 它

she *****

( She is a third person singular pronoun. She is used as the subject of a verb.)

1. she
You use she to refer to a woman, girl, or female animal who has already been mentioned or whose identity is clear.

- When Ann arrived home that night, she found Brian in the house watching TV.

- She was seventeen and she had no education or employment.

- She was a little fluffy baby duck which we reared until she was fully grown.

PRON-SING

2. she
Some writers may use she to refer to a person who is not identified as either male or female. They do this because they wish to avoid using the pronoun `he' all the time. Some people dislike this use and prefer to use `he or she' or `they'.

- The student may show signs of feeling the strain of responsibility and she may give up.

- Very early in life when the baby feels the pangs of hunger, she learns to scream.

PRON-SING

3. she
She is sometimes used to refer to a country or nation.

- Now Britain needs new leadership if she is to play a significant role shaping Europe's future development.

PRON-SING

4. she
Some people use she to refer to a car or a machine. People who sail often use she to refer to a ship or boat.

- Hundreds of small boats clustered round the yacht as she sailed into Southampton docks.

PRON-SING

sheaf

[D.J.:ʃi:f]

[K.K.:ʃif]

n.

捆, 束, 扎

sheaves

[D.J.:ʃi:vz]

[K.K.:ʃivz]

n.

一束

sheaf

1. sheaf sheaves
A sheaf of papers is a number of them held or fastened together.

- He took out a sheaf of papers and leafed through them.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

2. sheaf sheaves
A sheaf of corn or wheat is a number of corn or wheat plants that have been cut down and tied together.
N-COUNT

sheaves

sheaves
Sheaves is the plural of sheaf .

shear

[D.J.:ʃiə]

[K.K.:ʃɪr]

vt.

剪羊毛, 剪

n.

大剪刀

shearing

[D.J.:ˈʃiəriŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪrɪŋ]

n.

剪羊毛,剪取的羊毛

shears

[ʃiəz]

n.

大剪刀,剪床

shorn

[D.J.:ʃɔ:n, ʃəʊrn]

[K.K.:ʃɔrn, ʃorn]

(shear的过去分词)

shear *

1. shear shears shearing shorn
To shear a sheep means to cut its wool off.

- In the Hebrides they shear their sheep later than anywhere else.

VB

2. shearing

- ...a display of sheep shearing.

N-UNCOUNT

3. shear shears
A pair of shears is a garden tool like a very large pair of scissors. Shears are used especially for cutting hedges.

- Trim the shrubs with shears.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

shorn

1. shorn
If grass or hair is shorn , it has been cut very short. (LITERARY)

- ...his shorn hair.

ADJ

2. shorn
If a person or thing is shorn of something that was an important part of them, it has been removed from them. (LITERARY)

- She looks terrible, shorn of all her beauty and dignity.

- ...an age increasingly shorn of religious and political faith.

ADJ: v-link ADJ of n

3. shorn
Shorn is the past participle of shear .

shear off *

shear off shears off; shearing off; shorn off
If something such as a piece of metal shears off , or if it is sheared off , it breaks.

- It was not yet clear how the rudder had sheared off.

- The aircraft's wings were sheared off in the crash.

PHR-V-ERG

sheath

[D.J.:ʃi:θ]

[K.K.:ʃiθ]

n.

(刀、剑或工具尖锐部分的)鞘、套

(男用)避孕套

(植物或动物器官的)鞘状(包覆物)

外层覆盖(物),外包物

sheath *

1. sheath sheaths
A sheath is a covering for the blade of a knife.
N-COUNT

2. sheath sheaths
A sheath is a rubber covering for a man's penis and is used during sex as a contraceptive or as a protection against disease. (BRIT)
N-COUNT
= condom

sheathe

[D.J.:ʃi:ð]

[K.K.:ʃið]

vt.

将(刀、剑等)插入鞘

包；覆盖

sheathed

[ʃi:θt]

adj.

雕塑像下半身包在鞘中的;覆盖的,铠装的,装鞘了的

sheathing

[D.J.:ˈʃi:ðiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃiðɪŋ]

n.

覆盖物,罩子

sheathe

1. sheathe sheathes sheathing sheathed
If something is sheathed in a material or other covering, it is closely covered with it. (LITERARY)

- The television was sheathed in a snug coverlet.

- ...her long legs, sheathed in sheer black tights.

VB: usu passive

2. sheathe sheathes sheathing sheathed
When someone sheathes a knife, they put it in its sheath. (LITERARY)

- He sheathed the knife and strapped it to his shin.

VB

shebang

[D.J.:ʃəˈbæŋ]

[K.K.:ʃəˈbæŋ]

n.

事情,工作,陋屋,住所,赌场,酒馆,妓院,全部家当

shebang

shebang
The whole shebang is the whole situation or business that you are describing. (INFORMAL)
PHR

shed

[ʃed]

n.

棚, 库

vt.

流出, 流下

蜕皮, 树叶脱落

shedding

[ˈʃediŋ]

n.

脱落,蜕落

shed ***

1. shed sheds
A shed is a small building that is used for storing things such as garden tools.

- ...a garden shed.

N-COUNT The form shed is used in the present tense and in the past tense and past participle of the verb

2. shed sheds
A shed is a large shelter or building, for example at a railway station, port, or factory.

- ...disused railway sheds.

N-COUNT: usu n N The form shed is used in the present tense and in the past tense and past participle of the verb

3. shed sheds shedding
When a tree sheds its leaves, its leaves fall off in the autumn. When an animal sheds hair or skin, some of its hair or skin drops off.

- Some of the trees were already beginning to shed their leaves.

- ...a snake who has shed its skin.

VB The form shed is used in the present tense and in the past tense and past participle of the verb

4. shed sheds shedding
To shed something means to get rid of it. (FORMAL)

- The firm is to shed 700 jobs.

- He had maintained a rigid diet, shedding some twenty pounds.

- ...a city trying to shed its rough image.

VB The form shed is used in the present tense and in the past tense and past participle of the verb

5. shed sheds shedding
If a lorry sheds its load, the goods that it is carrying accidentally fall onto the road. (mainly BRIT)

- A lorry piled with scrap metal had shed its load.

VB The form shed is used in the present tense and in the past tense and past participle of the verb

6. shed sheds shedding
If you shed tears, you cry.

- They will shed a few tears at their daughter's wedding.

VB The form shed is used in the present tense and in the past tense and past participle of the verb

7. shed sheds shedding
To shed blood means to kill people in a violent way. If someone sheds their blood, they are killed in a violent way, usually when they are fighting in a war. (FORMAL)

- Gunmen in Ulster shed the first blood of the new year.

- Others promised to `shed our blood and sacrifice our lives to oppose the invaders'.

VB The form shed is used in the present tense and in the past tense and past participle of the verb

8. shedding

- The Pope called for a halt to the shedding of innocent blood.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

shed

noun

hut

outhouse

shack

shed

verb

1.

give out

cast

drop

emit

give

radiate

scatter

shower

spill

2.

cast off

discard

moult

slough

she'd

1. she'd
She'd is the usual spoken form of `she had', especially when `had' is an auxiliary verb.

- She'd rung up to discuss the divorce.

- She would go for a swim when she'd unpacked.

2. she'd
She'd is a spoken form of `she would'.

- She'd do anything for a bit of money.

- I got the impression she'd like a word with you, sir.

sheen

[D.J.:ʃi:n]

[K.K.:ʃin]

n.

(表面的)光泽,光辉

sheen *

sheen
If something has a sheen , it has a smooth and gentle brightness on its surface.

- The carpet had a silvery sheen to it.

N-SING; oft adj N

sheen

noun

shine

brightness

gleam

gloss

lustre

polish

sheep

[D.J.:ʃi:p]

[K.K.:ʃip]

n.

羊, 绵羊

sheep **

1. sheep
A sheep is a farm animal which is covered with thick curly hair called wool. Sheep are kept for their wool or for their meat.

- ...grassland on which a flock of sheep were grazing.

N-COUNT sheep is both the singular and the plural form

2. sheep
If you say that a group of people are like sheep , you disapprove of them because if one person does something, all the others copy that person.
N-PLURAL: usu like N sheep is both the singular and the plural form disapproval

sheepdog

[D.J.:ˈʃi:pˌdɔ:g, -ˌdɔg]

[K.K.:ˈʃipˌdɔɡ, -ˌdɑɡ]

n.

牧羊犬

sheepdog

sheepdog sheepdogs
A sheepdog is a breed of dog. Some sheepdogs are used for controlling sheep.
N-COUNT

sheepish

[D.J.:ˈʃi:pɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈʃipɪʃ]

adj.

羞怯的,腼腆的;不好意思的,困窘的

sheepishly

[D.J.:ˈʃi:pɪʃlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈʃipɪʃlɪ]

adv.

怯懦地;羞怯地

愚蠢地

sheepish *

1. sheepish
If you look sheepish , you look slightly embarrassed because you feel foolish or you have done something silly.

- I asked him why. He looked a little sheepish when he answered.

ADJ-GRADED

2. sheepishly

- He grinned sheepishly.

ADV-GRADED

sheepish

adjective

embarrassed

abashed

ashamed

mortified

self-conscious

shamefaced

sheepskin

[D.J.:ˈʃi:pˌskin]

[K.K.:ˈʃipˌskɪn]

n.

带毛的羊皮

sheepskin

sheepskin sheepskins
Sheepskin is the skin of a sheep with the wool still attached to it, used especially for making coats and rugs.

- ...a sheepskin coat.

N-VAR: oft N n

sheer

[D.J.:ʃiə]

[K.K.:ʃɪr]

adj.

完全的; 十足的

陡峭的; 垂直的

极薄的, 轻的, 透明的

adv.

垂直地, 陡峭地

vi.

避开, 突然转向

sheer **

1. sheer
You can use sheer to emphasize that a state or situation is complete and does not involve or is not mixed with anything else.

- His music is sheer delight.

- Sheer chance quite often plays an important part in sparking off an idea.

- ...acts of sheer desperation.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= pure

2. sheer sheerer sheerest
A sheer cliff or drop is extremely steep or completely vertical.

- There was a sheer drop just outside my window.

- A young man plunged from a sheer rock face to his death.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. sheer sheerer sheerest
Sheer material is very thin, light, and delicate.

- ...sheer black tights.

ADJ-GRADED

sheer

adjective

1.

total

absolute

complete

downright

out-and-out

pure

unmitigated

utter

2.

steep

abrupt

precipitous

3.

fine

diaphanous

gauzy

gossamer

see-through

thin

transparent

sheet

[D.J.:ʃi:t]

[K.K.:ʃit]

n.

被单, 褥单, 床单

薄板, 薄片

纸

一团, 一片, 一层

sheet ***

1. sheet sheets
A sheet is a large rectangular piece of cotton or other cloth that you sleep on or cover yourself with in a bed.

- Once a week, a maid changes the sheets.

- ...the luxury of silk sheets.

N-COUNT

2. sheet sheets
A sheet of paper is a rectangular piece of paper.

- ...a sheet of newspaper...

- I was able to fit it all on one sheet.

N-COUNT

3. sheet sheets
You can use sheet to refer to a piece of paper which gives information about something.

- ...information sheets on each country in the world.

N-COUNT: usu n N

4. sheet sheets
A sheet of glass, metal, or wood is a large, flat, thin piece of it.

- ...a cracked sheet of glass...

- Overhead cranes were lifting giant sheets of steel.

- Vinyl can be laid in sheet or tile form.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

5. sheet sheets
A sheet of something is a thin wide layer of it over the surface of something else.

- ...a sheet of ice.

- ...a blue-grey sheet of dust.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

6. sheet sheets
A sheet of fire or water is a fast-moving mass of it that is difficult to see through.

- The streets were now in one fierce sheet of flame.

- Sheets of rain slanted across the road.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

7. sheet sheets
In sailing, a sheet is a line or rope used for controlling the position of a sail on a boat.
N-COUNT: oft n N

sheet

noun

1.

coat

film

lamina

layer

overlay

stratum

surface

veneer

2.

piece

panel

plate

slab

3.

expanse

area

blanket

covering

stretch

sweep

sheeting

[D.J.:ˈʃi:tiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃitɪŋ]

n.

被单料子,护墙板

sheeting

1. sheeting
Sheeting is metal, plastic, or other material that is made in the form of sheets.

- They put plastic sheeting on the insides of our windows.

N-UNCOUNT: oft n N

2. sheeting
Sheeting is cloth that is used for making sheets.

- ...six yards of white sheeting.

N-UNCOUNT

sheet metal

sheet metal
Sheet metal is metal which has been made into thin sheets.
N-UNCOUNT

sheet music

sheet music
Sheet music is music that is printed on sheets of paper without a hard cover.

- ...a copy of the sheet music to `Happy Days'.

N-UNCOUNT

sheikh

[D.J.:ʃeɪk]

n.

(阿拉伯的)酋长,族长,首领;王子

伊斯兰教的宗教领袖,教主,教长

sheikh **

sheikh
A sheikh is a male Arab chief or ruler.

- ...Sheikh Khalifa.

- ...the sheik's role in global oil affairs.

N-TITLE; N-COUNT also sheik , shaikh .

sheikhdom

n.

酋长统辖的领土,酋长国

sheikhdom

sheikhdom sheikhdoms
A sheikhdom is a country or region that is ruled by a sheikh.
N-COUNT also sheikdom .

shelf

[D.J.:ʃelf]

[K.K.:ʃɛlf]

n.

架, 棚

沙洲; 暗礁

shelve

[D.J.:ʃelv]

[K.K.:ʃɛlv]

vt.

将(书等)放置在架子上

将…搁在一边

vi.

(陆地)逐渐倾斜

shelves

[D.J.:ʃelvz]

[K.K.:ʃɛlvz]

n.

架子

shelving

[D.J.:ˈʃelviŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃɛlvɪŋ]

n.

架设棚架,作棚架用的材料

shelf **

1. shelf shelves
A shelf is a flat piece of wood, metal, or glass which is attached to a wall or to the sides of a cupboard. Shelves are used for keeping things on.

- He took a book from the shelf.

- ...the middle shelf of the oven.

N-COUNT

2. shelf shelves
A shelf is a section of rock on a cliff or mountain or underwater that sticks out like a shelf.

- The house stands on a shelf of rock among pines.

N-COUNT
See also continental shelf .

3. shelf
If you buy something off the shelf , you buy something that is not specially made for you. (BRIT)

- Any car you can buy off the shelf in a pastel pink has got to be saying something.

- ...off-the-shelf software.

PHR: PHR after v, PHR n
≠ tailor-made

4. shelf
If you say that someone or something is on the shelf , you mean that no one wants them. (INFORMAL)

- I was afraid of getting left on the shelf.

- ...first-rate plans which sit on the shelf.

PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v

shelve *

1. shelve shelves shelving shelved
If someone shelves a plan or project, they decide not to continue with it, either for a while or permanently.

- Atlanta has shelved plans to include golf in the 1996 Games.

- Sadly, the project has now been shelved.

VB

2. shelve shelves shelving shelved
If an area of ground next to or under the sea shelves , it slopes downwards.

- The shoreline shelves away steeply.

- ...a gently shelving beach.

VB

3. shelve
Shelves is the plural of shelf .

shelving

shelving
Shelving is a set of shelves, or material which is used for making shelves.

- ...the shelving on the long, windowless wall.

- ...a pyramid-shaped shelving unit.

N-UNCOUNT

shelve

verb

postpone

defer

freeze

put aside

put on ice

put on the back burner informal

suspend

take a rain check on U.S. & Canad. informal

shelf life

shelf life shelf lives
The shelf life of a product, especially food, is the length of time that it can be kept in a shop or at home before it becomes too old to sell or use.

- Mature flour produces better baking results and has a longer shelf life.

N-COUNT: usu sing

shell

[D.J.:ʃel]

[K.K.:ʃɛl]

n.

(贝、卵、坚果等的)壳

外壳, 框架

炮弹

shelled

[ʃeld]

adj.

有壳的,带壳的;脱壳的

shelling

[ˈʃeliŋ]

n.

去壳;去皮

shell ***

1. shell shells
The shell of a nut or egg is the hard covering which surrounds it.

- They cracked the nuts and removed their shells.

- Once the eggs have hatched the shells are left behind.

N-COUNT

2. shell
Shell is the substance that a shell is made of.

- ...beads made from ostrich egg shell.

N-UNCOUNT

3. shell shells
The shell of an animal such as a tortoise, snail, or crab is the hard protective covering that it has around its body or on its back.
N-COUNT

4. shell shells
Shells are hard objects found on beaches. They are usually pink, white, or brown and are the coverings which used to surround small sea creatures.

- I collect shells and interesting seaside items.

- ...sea shells.

N-COUNT

5. shell shells shelling shelled
If you shell nuts, peas, prawns, or other food, you remove their natural outer covering.

- She shelled and ate a few nuts.

- ...shelled prawns.

VB

6. shell shells
If someone comes out of their shell , they become more friendly and interested in other people and less quiet, shy, and reserved.

- Her normally shy son had come out of his shell.

- ...a lonely boy struggling to emerge from his shell.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

7. shell shells
The shell of a building, boat, car, or other structure is the outside frame of it.

- ...the shells of burned buildings...

- The solid feel of the car's shell is impressive.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

8. shell shells
A shell is a weapon consisting of a metal container filled with explosives that can be fired from a large gun over long distances.
N-COUNT

9. shell shells shelling shelled
To shell a place means to fire explosive shells at it.

- The rebels shelled the densely-populated suburbs near the port.

VB

10. shelling shellings

- Out on the streets, the shelling continued.

N-VAR

shell

noun

1.

case

husk

pod

2.

frame

framework

hull

structure

verb

3.

bomb

attack

blitz

bombard

strafe

shell out ***

shell out shells out; shelling out; shelled out
If you shell out for something, you spend a lot of money on it. (INFORMAL)

- You won't have to shell out a fortune for it.

- If I'm shelling out a few hundred pounds, I don't want someone telling me what I can or can't do.

- ...an insurance premium which saves you from having to shell out for repairs...

- The very fact that you shelled out money to come and see us is a good sign.

PHR-V
= fork out

shell out

verb

pay out

fork out slang

give

hand over

she'll

she'll
She'll is the usual spoken form of `she will'.

- Sharon was a wonderful lady and I know she'll be greatly missed.

shellac

[D.J.:ʃəˈlæk]

[K.K.:ʃəˈlæk]

n.

虫漆

vt.

涂上虫漆,以虫胶结合,〈美俚〉殴打

shellac

shellac
Shellac is a kind of natural varnish which you paint on to wood to give it a shiny surface.
N-UNCOUNT

shellfire

[D.J.:ˈʃelˌfaiə]

[K.K.:ˈʃɛlˌfaɪr]

n.

炮火

shellfire

shellfire
Shellfire is the firing of large military guns.

- The radio said other parts of the capital also came under shellfire.

N-UNCOUNT

shellfish

[D.J.:ˈʃelˌfɪʃ]

[K.K.:ˈʃɛlˌfɪʃ]

n.

贝类动物,甲壳类动物

贝类,甲壳类(食物)

shellfish *

shellfish
Shellfish are small creatures that live in the sea and have a shell.

- Fish and shellfish are the specialities.

N-VAR: usu pl shellfish is both the singular and the plural form

shell shock

shell shock
Shell shock is the confused or nervous mental condition of people who have been under fire in a war.

- The men were suffering from shell shock.

N-UNCOUNT also shell-shock .

shell-shocked

1. shell-shocked
If you say that someone is shell-shocked , you mean that they are very shocked, usually because something bad has happened. (INFORMAL)

- We were shell-shocked when Chelsea took the lead.

- ...shell-shocked investors.

ADJ-GRADED also shell shocked .
= stunned

2. shell-shocked
If someone is shell-shocked , they have a confused or nervous mental condition as a result of a shocking experience such as being in a war or an accident.

- ...a shell-shocked war veteran.

ADJ-GRADED also shell shocked .

shell suit

shell suit shell suits
A shell suit is a casual suit which is made of thin nylon.

- ...someone in a shell suit from Stirchley.

N-COUNT also shell-suit .

shelter

[D.J.:ˈʃeltə]

[K.K.:ˈʃɛltɚ]

n.

遮蔽; 保护

避难所; 庇护所

vt.

掩蔽; 庇护, 保护

vi.

躲避, 避难

sheltered

[D.J.:ˈʃeltəd]

[K.K.:ˈʃɛltəd]

adj.

受庇护的,受掩护的

(尤指为病弱者)提供食宿的,提供抚养方便的

shelter ***

1. shelter shelters
A shelter is a small building or covered place which is made to protect people from bad weather or danger.

- The city's bomb shelters were being prepared for possible air raids.

- ...a bus shelter.

N-COUNT

2. shelter
If a place provides shelter , it provides you with a place to stay or live, especially when you need protection from bad weather or danger.

- The number of families seeking shelter rose by 17 percent.

- Although horses do not generally mind the cold, shelter from rain and wind is important.

- ...the hut where they were given food and shelter.

N-UNCOUNT

3. shelter shelters
A shelter is a building where homeless people can sleep and get food.

- ...a shelter for homeless women.

N-COUNT
= refuge

4. shelter shelters sheltering sheltered
If you shelter in a place, you stay there and are protected from bad weather or danger.

- ...a man sheltering in a doorway...

- Twelve Cubans left the embassy after sheltering there for several days.

VB

5. shelter shelters sheltering sheltered
If a place or thing is sheltered by something, it is protected by that thing from wind and rain.

- ...a wooden house, sheltered by a low pointed roof.

VB: usu passive

6. shelter shelters sheltering sheltered
If you shelter someone, usually someone who is being hunted by police or other people, you provide them with a place to stay or live.

- A neighbor sheltered the boy for seven days.

- ...people sheltering illegal immigrants.

VB

sheltered *

1. sheltered
A sheltered place is protected from wind and rain.

- ...a shallow-sloping beach next to a sheltered bay.

ADJ-GRADED

2. sheltered
If you say that someone has led a sheltered life, you mean that they have been protected from difficult or unpleasant experiences.

- Perhaps I've just led a really sheltered life.

- My mother, who had a sheltered upbringing, has fantastic memories of childhood.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. sheltered
Sheltered accommodation or work is designed for old or disabled people. It allows them to be independent but also allows them to get help when they need it.

- For the last few years I have been living in sheltered accommodation.

- ...sheltered employment for people with severe disabilities.

ADJ: ADJ n

shelter

noun

1.

protection

cover

defence

guard

screen

2.

safety

asylum

haven

refuge

retreat

sanctuary

security

verb

3.

protect

cover

defend

guard

harbour

hide

safeguard

shield

4.

take shelter

hide

seek refuge

sheltered

adjective

protected

cloistered

isolated

quiet

screened

secluded

shaded

shielded

shenanigans

shenanigans
You can use shenanigans to refer to rather dishonest or immoral behaviour, especially when you think it is amusing or interesting. (INFORMAL)

- Media people knew about the private shenanigans of public figures.

N-PLURAL

shepherd

[D.J.:ˈʃepəd]

[K.K.:ˈʃɛpəd]

n.

牧羊人, 羊倌

vt.

带领, 引导

shepherd **

1. shepherd shepherds
A shepherd is a person, especially a man, whose job is to look after sheep.
N-COUNT

2. shepherd shepherds shepherding shepherded
If you are shepherded somewhere, someone takes you there to make sure that you arrive at the right place safely.

- She was shepherded by her guards up the rear ramp of the aircraft.

VB: usu passive

shepherd

verb

guide

conduct

herd

steer

usher

shepherdess

[D.J.:ˈʃepədis]

[K.K.:ˈʃɛpədɪs]

n.

牧羊女

shepherdess

shepherdess shepherdesses
A shepherdess is a woman whose job is to look after sheep.
N-COUNT

shepherd's pie

shepherd's pie shepherd's pies
Shepherd's pie is a dish consisting of minced meat, usually lamb, covered with a layer of mashed potato. (BRIT)
N-VAR

sherbet

[D.J.:ˈʃə:bət]

[K.K.:ˈʃɚbɪt]

n.

〈英〉冰冻果子露

sherbet

1. sherbet
Sherbet is a sweet dry powder that tastes fizzy and is eaten as a sweet. (BRIT)

- ...sherbet dips.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. sherbet sherbets
Sherbet is like ice cream but made with fruit juice, sugar, and water. (AM; in BRIT use sorbet )

- ...lemon sherbet.

N-VAR

sheriff

[D.J.:ˈʃerɪf]

[K.K.:ˈʃɛrɪf]

n.

(美国)县的司法长官

sheriff *

1. sheriff
In the United States, a sheriff is a person who is elected to make sure that the law is obeyed in a particular county.

- ...the local sheriff.

- ...Sheriff Bob Cahill.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

2. sheriff
In Scotland, a sheriff is a legal officer whose chief duty is to act as judge in a Sheriff Court. These courts deal with all but the most serious crimes and with most civil actions.

- ...the presiding judge, Sheriff John Mowatt.

N-COUNT; N-TITLE

3. sheriff sheriffs
In England and Wales, the Sheriff of a city or county is a person who is elected or appointed to carry out mainly ceremonial duties.

- ...the Sheriff of Oxford.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

sherry

[D.J.:ˈʃeri:]

[K.K.:ˈʃɛri]

n.

雪利酒

sherry **

1. sherry sherries
Sherry is a type of strong wine that is made in south-western Spain. It is usually drunk before a meal.

- I poured us a glass of sherry.

- ...some of the world's finest sherries.

N-MASS

2. sherry sherries
A glass of sherry can be referred to as a sherry .

- I'll have a sherry please.

N-COUNT

she's

1. she's
She's is the usual spoken form of `she is'.

- She's an exceptionally good cook.

- Have they told you, she's having a baby in October?

2. she's
She's is a spoken form of `she has', especially when `has' is an auxiliary verb.

- She's been married for seven years and has two daughters.

shiatsu

n.

〈日〉指压,指压按摩疗法

shiatsu

shiatsu
Shiatsu is a form of massage that is used to cure illness and reduce pain.
N-UNCOUNT

shibboleth

[D.J.:ˈʃɪbəlɪθ, -ˌleθ]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪbəlɪθ, -ˌlɛθ]

n.

(党派、集团等的)准则,教条,用语,行话

shibboleth

shibboleth shibboleths
If you describe an idea or belief as a shibboleth , you mean that it is thought important by a group of people but may be old-fashioned or wrong. (FORMAL)

- It is time to go beyond the shibboleth that conventional forces, unlike nuclear ones, cannot deter.

N-COUNT

shield

[D.J.:ʃi:ld]

[K.K.:ʃild]

n.

盾, 盾牌

护罩; 防护物

vt.

保护, 掩护, 庇护

shielded

[ˈʃi:ldid]

adj.

防护的,铠装的,屏蔽了的,隔离的

shielding

[ˈʃi:ldiŋ]

adj.

防护的,屏蔽的

shield **

1. shield shields
Something or someone which is a shield against a particular danger or risk provides protection from it.

- He used his left hand as a shield against the reflecting sunlight.

- ...asbestos heat shields.

N-COUNT: usu sing

2. shield shields shielding shielded
If something or someone shields you from a danger or risk, they protect you from it.

- He shielded his head from the sun with an old sack.

- The company does not bet its own money on equities, and so is shielded from market risk.

VB
= protect

3. shield shields shielding shielded
If you shield your eyes, you put your hand above your eyes to protect them from direct sunlight.

- He squinted and shielded his eyes.

VB
= shade

4. shield shields
A shield is a large piece of metal or leather which soldiers used to carry to protect their bodies while they were fighting.
N-COUNT

5. shield shields
A shield is a sports prize or badge that is shaped like a shield.
N-COUNT

shield

noun

1.

protection

cover

defence

guard

safeguard

screen

shelter

verb

2.

protect

cover

defend

guard

safeguard

screen

shelter

shift

[D.J.:ʃift]

[K.K.:ʃɪft]

vt. & vi.

改变, 变换, 转移, 移动

去掉; 摆脱掉

换挡

vi.

快速行进

n.

转换, 转变

轮[换]班

轮班工人

计谋, 手段

切换键

shifting

[ˈʃiftiŋ]

n.

狡猾

shift ***

1. shift shifts shifting shifted
If you shift something or if it shifts , it moves slightly.

- He stopped, shifting his cane to his left hand.

- He shifted from foot to foot.

- The entire pile shifted and slid, thumping onto the floor.

- ...the squeak of his boots in the snow as he shifted his weight.

V-ERG

2. shift shifts shifting shifted
If someone's opinion, a situation, or a policy shifts or is shifted , it changes slightly.

- Attitudes to mental illness have shifted in recent years.

- The emphasis should be shifted more towards Parliament.

V-ERG

3. shift shifts
Also a noun.

- ...a shift in government policy.

- ...the shift in opinion away from the Prime Minister.

N-COUNT: usu N prep

4. shift shifts shifting shifted
If someone shifts the responsibility or blame for something onto you, they unfairly make you responsible or make people blame you for it, instead of them.

- It was a vain attempt to shift the responsibility for the murder to somebody else.

- Their husbands try to shift the blame by accusing them of having `suspicious minds'.

VB disapproval

5. shift shifts shifting shifted
If a shop or company shifts goods, they sell goods that are difficult to sell. (BRIT)

- Some suppliers were selling at a loss to shift stock.

VB

6. shift shifts shifting shifted
If you shift gears in a car or if you shift up or shift down , you put the car into a different gear. (AM; in BRIT use change gears , change up or change down )
VB

7. shift shifts
If a group of factory workers, nurses, or other people work shifts , they work for a set period before being replaced by another group, so that there is always a group working. Each of these set periods is called a shift . You can also use shift to refer to a group of workers who work together on a particular shift.

- His father worked shifts in a steel mill.

- ...workers coming home from the afternoon shift...

- The night shift should have been safely down the mine long ago.

N-COUNT: oft n N

shifting **

shifting
Shifting is used to describe something which is made up of parts that are continuously moving and changing position in relation to other parts.

- ...the shifting sand beneath their feet...

- The Croatian town of Ilok is a classic case of shifting populations.

ADJ: ADJ n
See also shift .

shift

verb

1.

move

budge

displace

move around

rearrange

relocate

reposition

noun

2.

move

displacement

rearrangement

shifting

shiftless

[D.J.:ˈʃɪftlɪs]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪftlɪs]

adj.

懒惰的,得过且过的,没出息的

shiftless

shiftless
If you describe someone as shiftless , you mean that they are lazy and have no desire to achieve anything.

- ...a shiftless husband.

ADJ disapproval

shiftless

adjective

lazy

aimless

good-for-nothing

idle

lackadaisical

slothful

unambitious

unenterprising

shifty

[D.J.:ˈʃɪfti:]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪfti]

adj.

<非正>看着不可靠的;贼眉鼠眼的;显得心里有鬼的

shiftily

adv.

shifty

shifty
Someone who looks shifty gives the impression of being dishonest. (INFORMAL)

- He had a shifty face and previous convictions.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

shifty

adjective

untrustworthy

deceitful

devious

evasive

furtive

slippery

sly

tricky

underhand

shilling

[D.J.:ˈʃɪlɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪlɪŋ]

n.

先令(英国1971年以前的货币单位, 为一镑的二十分之一)

shilling *

shilling shillings
A shilling was a unit of money used in Britain until 1971 which was the equivalent of 5p. There were twenty shillings in a pound.
N-COUNT

shilly-shally

[D.J.:ˈʃiliʃæli]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪliˌʃæli]

n.

犹豫不决

shilly-shally

shilly-shally shilly-shallies shilly-shallying shilly-shallied
If you say that someone is shilly-shallying , you disapprove of the fact that they are hesitating when they should make a decision. (INFORMAL)

- It's time for Brooke to stop shilly-shallying.

VB: usu cont disapproval
= dither

shimmer

[D.J.:ˈʃɪmə]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪmɚ]

vi.

闪闪发光;发微光

shimmer *

1. shimmer shimmers shimmering shimmered
If something shimmers , it shines with a faint, unsteady light or has an unclear, unsteady appearance.

- The lights shimmered on the water.

- The trees shimmered in the afternoon heat.

VB

2. shimmer
Also a noun.

- ...a shimmer of starlight.

N-SING

shimmer

verb

1.

gleam

glisten

scintillate

twinkle

noun

2.

gleam

iridescence

shimmy

[D.J.:ˈʃimi]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪmi]

n.

西迷舞,摇动

v.

摇动,震颤,晃动

shimmy

shimmy shimmies shimmying shimmied
If you shimmy , you dance or move in a way that involves shaking your hips and shoulders from side to side.

- Dancers embraced and shimmied in the streets of New Orleans' French Quarter.

- Tina Turner shimmied across the stage in an incredibly sexy dress.

VB

shin

[D.J.:ʃin]

n.

胫, 小腿

vi.

攀

shin *

shin shins
Your shins are the front parts of your legs between your knees and your ankles.

- She punched him on the nose and kicked him in the shins.

N-COUNT

shin up *

shin up shins up; shinning up; shinned up
If you shin up a tree or a pole, you climb it quickly and easily, using your hands and legs to grip it.

- Nancy shinned up the tree.

PHR-V

shindig

[D.J.:ˈʃindiɡ]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪnˌdɪɡ]

n.

狂欢会,舞会,吵闹,骚动

shindig

shindig shindigs
A shindig is a large, noisy, enjoyable party. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT
= knees-up

shine

[D.J.:ʃain]

[K.K.:ʃaɪn]

vi.

发光; 反射光; 照耀

表现突出, 出众

vt.

照射

〈美〉擦亮

n.

光亮; 光泽

磨, 擦

shining

[D.J.:ˈʃaɪnɪŋ]

adj.

发光的;发亮的;反光的

杰出的, 出色的；辉煌的

be a shining example (of sb/sth)

是(…的)优秀榜样；是楷模

shone

[D.J.:ʃəʊn]

[K.K.:ʃon]

shine的过去式和过去分词

shine **

1. shine shines shining shone
When the sun or a light shines , it gives out bright light.

- It is a mild morning and the sun is shining.

- A few scattered lights shone on the horizon.

VB The past tense and past participle of the verb is shone

2. shine shines shining shone
If you shine a torch or other light somewhere, you point it there, so that you can see something when it is dark.

- One of the men shone a torch in his face.

- The container is invisible until you shine an ultraviolet light on it.

- The man walked slowly towards her, shining the flashlight.

VB The past tense and past participle of the verb is shone

3. shine shines shining shone
Something that shines is very bright and clear because it is reflecting light.

- Her blue eyes shone and caught the light.

- ...a pair of patent shoes that shone like mirrors.

- ...shining aluminum machines.

VB The past tense and past participle of the verb is shone
= gleam

4. shine
Something that has a shine is bright and clear because it is reflecting light.

- This gel gives a beautiful shine to the hair.

- The wood had been recently polished to bring back the shine.

N-SING
= sheen

5. shine shines shining shined
If you shine a wooden, leather, or metal object, you make it bright by rubbing or polishing it.

- Let him dust and shine the furniture.

- His high black boots had been shined to a gleaming finish.

VB The past tense and past participle of the verb is shined
= polish

6. shine shines shining shone
Someone who shines at a skill or activity does it extremely well.

- Did you shine at school?.

- He failed to shine academically.

VB The past tense and past participle of the verb is shone
= excel

7. shine
If you say that someone has taken a shine to another person, you mean that he or she liked them very much at their first meeting. (INFORMAL)

- Seems to me you've taken quite a shine to Miss Richmond.

PHR: V inflects
rain or shine : see rain .

shining **

shining
A shining achievement or quality is a very good one which should be greatly admired.

- She is a shining example to us all.

- The Ariane space-rocket project has had a shining success.

ADJ
See also shine .

shone

Shone is the past tense and past participle of shine .

shine

verb

1.

gleam

beam

flash

glare

glisten

glitter

glow

radiate

sparkle

twinkle

2.

polish

brush

buff

burnish

3.

stand out

be conspicuous

excel

noun

4.

brightness

glare

gleam

light

radiance

shimmer

sparkle

5.

polish

gloss

lustre

sheen

shining

adjective

bright

beaming

brilliant

gleaming

glistening

luminous

radiant

shimmering

sparkling

shingle

[D.J.:ˈʃɪŋgəl]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪŋɡəl]

n.

(布满海边的)小圆石

屋顶板,木瓦(板);墙面板

shingles

[D.J.:ˈʃiŋɡlz]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪŋɡəlz]

n.

带状疱疹

shingle *

1. shingle
Shingle is a mass of small rough pieces of stone on the shore of a sea or a river.

- ...a beach of sand and shingle.

N-UNCOUNT

2. shingle
Shingles is a disease in which painful red spots spread in bands over a person's body, especially around their waist.
N-UNCOUNT

3. shingle shingles
Shingles are thin pieces of wood or another material which are fixed in rows to cover a roof or wall.

- The roofs had shingles missing.

N-COUNT: usu pl

4. shingle shingles
A shingle is a small sign that is hung outside a building, such as the place where a doctor or lawyer works. (AM)
N-COUNT
= signboard

Shinto

[D.J.:ˈʃintəu]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪnto]

n.

日本的神道教,1945年前为日本国教

Shinto

Shinto
Shinto is the traditional religion of Japan.
N-UNCOUNT

shiny

[D.J.:ˈʃaɪni:]

[K.K.:ˈʃaɪni]

adj.

发光的;反光的;明亮的;磨光的

shiny **

shiny shinier shiniest
Shiny things are bright and reflect light.

- Her blonde hair was shiny and clean.

- ...a shiny new sports car.

ADJ-GRADED

shiny

adjective

bright

gleaming

glistening

glossy

lustrous

polished

ship

[D.J.:ʃip]

[K.K.:ʃɪp]

n.

船, 舰

〈口〉宇宙飞船, 太空船

vt. & vi.

运送

vt.

舷侧进水

vi.

当船员

shipping

[D.J.:ˈʃɪpɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪpɪŋ]

n.

船舶(总称)

(一国的)船舶总数

(货物的)运输, 运送

ship ****

1. ship ships
A ship is a large boat which carries passengers or cargo.

- Within ninety minutes the ship was ready for departure.

- We went by ship over to America.

- ...merchant ships.

N-COUNT: also by N

2. ship ships shipping shipped
If people or things are shipped somewhere, they are sent there on a ship or by some other means of transport.

- Food is being shipped to drought-stricken Southern Africa.

VB: usu passive

3. ship out ships out; shipping out; shipped out
If someone ships out , they leave a place, especially by ship.

- Sailors hung about while they waited to ship out.

PHR-V

shipping **

1. shipping
Shipping is the transport of cargo as a business, especially on ships.

- ...the international shipping industry...

- The Greeks are still powerful players in world shipping.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. shipping
You can refer to the amount of money that you pay to a company to transport cargo as shipping .

- It is $39.95 plus $3 shipping.

N-UNCOUNT

3. shipping
You can refer to ships as shipping when considering them as a group.

- They sent naval forces to protect merchant shipping.

N-UNCOUNT

ship

noun

vessel

boat

craft

shipboard

[D.J.:ˈʃipbɔ:d]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪpˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

舷侧,船

shipboard

shipboard
Shipboard means taking place on a ship.

- ...a shipboard romance.

ADJ: ADJ n

shipbuilder

[D.J.:ˈʃɪpˌbɪldə]

n.

造船业主;造船工程师;造船公司

shipbuilder

shipbuilder shipbuilders
A shipbuilder is a company or a person that builds ships.
N-COUNT

shipbuilding

[D.J.:ˈʃɪpˌbɪldɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪpˌbɪldɪŋ]

n.

造船,造船业

造船术,造船学

shipbuilding *

shipbuilding
Shipbuilding is the industry of building ships.
N-UNCOUNT

shipload

[D.J.:ˈʃɪpˌləʊd]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪpˌlod]

n.

船货,一船上的载货

shipload

shipload shiploads
A shipload of people or goods is as many people or goods as a ship can carry.

- ...a shipload of refugees...

- A shipload of supplies arrived in Havana, Cuba, last night.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

shipmate

[D.J.:ˈʃipmeit]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪpˌmet]

n.

同船水手

shipmate

shipmate shipmates
Sailors who work together on the same ship are shipmates .

- His shipmates stayed at their stations during the attack.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

shipment

[D.J.:ˈʃipmənt]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪpmənt]

n.

船运, 水运

(从海路、陆路或空运的)一批货物

shipments

发货

shipment **

1. shipment shipments
A shipment is an amount of a particular kind of cargo that is sent to another country on a ship, train, aeroplane, or other vehicle.

- After that, food shipments to the port could begin in a matter of weeks.

- ...a shipment of weapons.

N-COUNT: usu N n, N of n

2. shipment
The shipment of a cargo somewhere is the sending of it there by ship, train, aeroplane, or some other vehicle.

- Bananas are packed before being transported to the docks for shipment overseas.

N-UNCOUNT

shipowner

n.

船主

shipowner

shipowner shipowners
A shipowner is someone who owns a ship or ships or who has shares in a shipping company.
N-COUNT

shipper

[D.J.:ˈʃɪpə]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪpɚ]

n.

承运商;托运人,发货人

shipper

shipper shippers
Shippers are people or companies who ship cargo as a business.
N-COUNT: usu pl

shipshape

[D.J.:ˈʃɪpˈʃeɪp]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪpˈʃep]

adj.

整齐的;井然有序的

shipshape

shipshape
If something is shipshape , it looks tidy, neat, and in good condition.

- The house only needs an occasional coat of paint to keep it shipshape.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

shipshape

adjective

tidy

neat

orderly

spick-and-span

trim

well-ordered

well-organized

shipwreck

[D.J.:ˈʃɪpˌrek]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪpˌrɛk]

n.

海难, 船只失事

shipwreck

1. shipwreck shipwrecks
If there is a shipwreck , a ship is destroyed in an accident at sea.

- He was drowned in a shipwreck off the coast of Spain.

- ...the perils of storm and shipwreck.

N-VAR

2. shipwreck shipwrecks
A shipwreck is a ship which has been destroyed in an accident at sea.
N-COUNT
= wreck

3. shipwreck
If someone is shipwrecked , their ship is destroyed in an accident at sea but they survive and manage to reach land.

- He was shipwrecked after visiting the island.

- The shipwrecked couple were rescued by two fishermen.

V-PASSIVE

shipwright

[D.J.:ˈʃɪpˌraɪt]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪpˌraɪt]

n.

造船者;修船者

shipwright

shipwright shipwrights
A shipwright is a person who builds or repairs ships as a job.
N-COUNT

shipyard

[D.J.:ˈʃip-jɑ:d]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪpˌjɑrd]

n.

船坞

shipyard *

shipyard shipyards
A shipyard is a place where ships are built and repaired.
N-COUNT

shire

[D.J.:ˈʃaiə]

[K.K.:ʃaɪr]

n.

郡

shire *

1. shire shires
The Shires or the shire counties are the counties of England that have a lot of countryside and farms.

- Smart country people are fleeing back to the shires.

N-COUNT: usu the N in pl

2. shire shires
A shire or shire horse is a large heavy horse used for pulling loads. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

shirk

[D.J.:ʃɜ:k]

[K.K.:ʃə..k]

vt. & vi.

逃避(工作);偷懒

shirker

n.

开小差的人,逃避(工作,学习,责任,义务)的人

shirk

1. shirk shirks shirking shirked
If someone does not shirk their responsibility or duty, they do what they have a responsibility to do.

- We in the Congress have our role to play, and we can't shirk our responsibility.

- The Government will not shirk from considering the need for further action.

VB: usu with neg

2. shirker shirkers

- They know I'm not a shirker.

N-COUNT

shirk

verb

dodge

avoid

evade

get out of

skive Brit. slang

slack

shirker

noun

slacker

clock-watcher

dodger

idler

skiver Brit. slang

shirt

[D.J.:ʃə:t]

[K.K.:ʃɚt]

n.

衬衫, 衬衣

shirt ***

shirt shirts
A shirt is a piece of clothing that you wear on the upper part of your body. Shirts have a collar, sleeves, and buttons down the front.
N-COUNT

-shirted

-shirted
-shirted is used to form adjectives which indicate what colour or type of shirt someone is wearing.

- ...white-shirted men.

COMB in ADJ

shirtsleeve

shirtsleeve shirtsleeves
Shirtsleeves are the sleeves of a shirt. If a man is in shirtsleeves or in his shirtsleeves , he is wearing a shirt but not a jacket.

- He rolled up his shirtsleeves.

- Franklin went to work in his shirtsleeves.

N-COUNT: usu pl

shirt-tail

shirt-tail shirt-tails
Shirt-tails are the long parts of a shirt below the waist.

- He wore sandals and old jeans and his shirt-tails weren't tucked in.

N-COUNT also shirttail .

shirty

[D.J.:ˈʃə:ti]

[K.K.:ˈʃɚti]

adj.

〈英俚〉心情坏的,发怒的

shirty

shirty
If someone gets shirty , they behave in a bad-tempered and rude way because they are annoyed about something. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- He got quite shirty with me.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= stroppy

shit

[D.J.:ʃit]

[K.K.:ʃɪt]

n.

屎, 粪, 大便

拉屎

胡说八道; 放狗屁

没有价值的东西

没有用的人, 讨厌的人

vi.

大便, 拉屎

vt.

拉屎弄脏(某物)

shit **

1. shit
Some people use shit to refer to solid waste matter from the body of a human being or animal. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-UNCOUNT

2. shit
To shit means to get rid of solid waste matter from the body. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
VERB: V

3. shit
To have a shit means to get rid of solid waste matter from the body. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-SING

4. shit shits
If someone has the shits , liquid waste matter keeps coming out of their body because they are ill or afraid. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-PLURAL: the N

5. shit
People sometimes refer to things that they do not like as shit . (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- This is a load of shit.

N-UNCOUNT disapproval

6. shit shits
People sometimes insult someone they do not like by referring to them as a shit . (INFORMAL, RUDE)
N-COUNT disapproval

7. shit
Shit is used to express anger, impatience, or disgust. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
EXCLAM

8. shit
If someone says they are shitting themselves, they mean that they are very frightened. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
VERB: V pron-refl

9. shit
To beat or kick the shit out of someone means to beat or kick them so violently that they are badly injured. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
PHR: V inflects emphasis

10. shit
If someone says that the shit hit the fan , they mean that there was suddenly a lot of trouble or angry arguments. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
PHR: V inflects

11. shit
If someone says that they do not give a shit about something, they mean that they do not care about it at all. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
PHR: V inflects, usu with brd-neg feelings

12. shit
If someone is in the shit or in deep shit , they are in a lot of trouble. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
PHR: usu v-link PHR

13. shit
Tough shit can be used as a way of telling someone that they will have to accept a situation they do not like because they have no choice. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
CONVENTION
= hard luck

shite

[ʃait]

v.

〈谑〉〈婉〉拉屎,〈俚〉对…胡扯,企图欺骗,取笑;欺骗

n.

粪,屎

int.

狗屁!

shite

shite
If someone describes something as shite , they do not like it or think that it is very poor quality. (BRIT, INFORMAL, RUDE)
ADJ-GRADED disapproval

shitless

[D.J.:ˈʃitlis]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪtlɪs]

adv.

〈俚〉〈粗〉极度,非常

shitless

shitless
If someone says that they are scared shitless or bored shitless , they are emphasizing that they are extremely scared or bored. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
ADV: adj ADV emphasis

shitty

[D.J.:ˈʃiti]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪti]

adj.

劣等的;较差的

shitty

shitty shittier shittiest
If someone describes something as shitty , they do not like it or think that it is of poor quality. (INFORMAL, RUDE)
ADJ-GRADED disapproval

shiver

[D.J.:ˈʃivə]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪvɚ]

vi.

(因寒冷, 害怕等)颤抖, 哆嗦

n.

颤抖

shivering

[ˈʃivəriŋ]

adj.

颤抖的

shiver **

1. shiver shivers shivering shivered
When you shiver , your body shakes slightly because you are cold or frightened.

- He shivered in the cold.

- I was sitting on the floor shivering with fear.

VB
= shake

2. shiver shivers
Also a noun.

- The emptiness here sent shivers down my spine.

- Alice gave a shiver of delight.

N-COUNT

shiver

verb

1.

tremble

quake

quiver

shake

shudder

noun

2.

trembling

flutter

quiver

shudder

tremor

shiver

verb

splinter

break

crack

fragment

shatter

smash

smash to smithereens

shivery

[D.J.:ˈʃɪvəri:]

[K.K.:ˈʃɪvəri]

adj.

(指人因寒冷、发烧或害怕而)颤抖的,发抖的

shivery

shivery
If you are shivery , you cannot stop shivering because you feel cold, frightened, or ill.

- She felt shivery and a little sick.

ADJ-GRADED

shivery

adjective

shaking

chilled

chilly

cold

quaking

quivery

shoal

[D.J.:ʃəʊl]

[K.K.:ʃol]

n.

浅滩,沙洲

鱼群,一大群鱼

大量,许多

shoal *

shoal shoals
A shoal of fish is a large group of them swimming together.

- Among them swam shoals of fish.

- ...tuna shoals.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

shock

[D.J.:ʃɔk]

[K.K.:ʃɑk]

n.

震动

电击

打击

激动, 震惊

休克

vt.

使…震惊

使受电击

使…感到厌恶[恐惧]

shocked

[D.J.:ʃɔkt]

adj.

惊愕的,受震惊的

shocking

[D.J.:ˈʃɔkɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃɑkɪŋ]

adj.

骇人的,令人震惊的;使人心烦意乱;极不恰当的

很坏的,很不好的

shockingly

adv.

骇人地;很坏地

shockingly

[D.J.:ˈʃ ɔkɪ ŋlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈʃ ɑkɪ ŋlɪ]

adv.

怕人地

非常地

不正当地

shocks

缓冲装置

shock ****

1. shock shocks
If you have a shock , something suddenly happens which is unpleasant, upsetting, or very surprising.

- The extent of the violence came as a shock.

- He has never recovered from the shock of your brother's death.

- It was quite a shock to see my face on that screen!

N-COUNT

2. shock
Shock is a person's emotional and physical condition when something very frightening or upsetting has happened to them.

- The little boy was speechless with shock.

- She's still in a state of shock.

N-UNCOUNT

3. shock
If someone is in shock , they are suffering from a serious physical condition in which their blood is not flowing round their body properly, for example because they have had a bad injury.

- He was found beaten and in shock.

- They escaped the blaze but were rushed to hospital suffering from shock.

N-UNCOUNT: oft in N

4. shock shocks shocking shocked
If something shocks you, it makes you feel very upset, because it involves death or suffering and because you had not expected it.

- After forty years in the police force nothing much shocks me.

- Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.

VB

5. shocked

- This was a nasty attack and the woman is still very shocked.

ADJ-GRADED

6. shock shocks shocking shocked
If someone or something shocks you, it upsets or offends you because you think it is rude or morally wrong.

- You can't shock me.

- They were easily shocked in those days.

- We were always trying to be creative and to shock.

VB

7. shocked

- Don't look so shocked.

ADJ-GRADED

8. shock
A shock announcement or event is one which shocks people because it is unexpected. (JOURNALISM)

- ...the shock announcement that she is to resign.

- ...a shock defeat.

ADJ: ADJ n

9. shock shocks
A shock is something sudden and unexpected that threatens the economy, traditions, or way of life of a group of people. (JOURNALISM)

- This is the latest in a series of shocks to the Scandinavian banking system.

- ...the economic pain of two oil shocks.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

10. shock shocks
A shock is the force of something suddenly hitting or pulling something else.

- Steel barriers can bend and absorb the shock.

N-VAR

11. shock shocks
A shock is the same as an electric shock .
N-COUNT

12. shock shocks
A shock is a shock absorber . (AM)

- Do you think I need new shocks?

N-COUNT

13. shock shocks
A shock of hair is a very thick mass of hair on a person's head. (WRITTEN)

- ...a very old priest with a shock of white hair.

N-COUNT: N of n

14. shock
A short, sharp shock is a punishment that is fairly harsh and severe but only lasts for a short time. (BRIT)
PHR: N inflects

shocking **

1. shocking
You can say that something is shocking if you think that it is very bad. (INFORMAL)

- The media coverage was shocking.

- I must have been in a shocking state last night.

ADJ-GRADED
= appalling

2. shockingly

- His memory was becoming shockingly bad.

ADV: ADV adj/adv

3. shocking
You can say that something is shocking if you think that it is morally wrong.

- It is shocking that nothing was said.

- This was a shocking invasion of privacy.

ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ that/to-inf

4. shockingly

- Shockingly, this useless and dangerous surgery did not end until the 1930s.

ADV

shock

verb

1.

horrify

appal

disgust

nauseate

revolt

scandalize

sicken

2.

astound

jolt

shake

stagger

stun

stupefy

noun

3.

impact

blow

clash

collision

4.

upset

blow

bombshell

distress

disturbance

stupefaction

stupor

trauma

turn informal

shocking

adjective

dreadful

appalling

atrocious

disgraceful

disgusting

ghastly

horrifying

nauseating

outrageous

revolting

scandalous

sickening

shock absorber

shock absorber shock absorbers
A shock absorber is a device fitted near the wheels of a car or other vehicle to reduce the effects of travelling over uneven ground.

- ...a pair of simple rear shock absorbers.

N-COUNT also shock-absorber .

shocker

[D.J.:ˈʃɔkə]

[K.K.:ˈʃɑkɚ]

n.

(因下流、粗野或不道德而)令人震惊的人或东西

shocker

shocker shockers
A shocker is something such as a story, a piece of news, or a film that shocks people or that is intended to shock them. (INFORMAL)

- Marsha Hunt's second novel, `Free', is a shocker.

N-COUNT

shock horror

1. shock horror
A shock horror story is presented in a way that is intended to cause great shock or anger. (INFORMAL)

- The media is full of shock-horror headlines about under-age crime.

ADJ: ADJ n
= sensational

2. shock horror
You can say shock horror! in reaction to something that other people may find shocking or surprising, to indicate that you do not find it shocking or surprising at all. (INFORMAL, HUMOROUS)

- I have felt intellectually superior to most of them despite -- shock, horror -- my total lack of educational qualifications.

EXCLAM feelings

shocking pink

shocking pink
Something that is shocking pink is very bright pink.

- ...a shocking-pink T-shirt.

COLOUR

shock jock

shock jock shock jocks
A shock jock is a radio disc jockey who deliberately uses language or expresses opinions that many people find offensive. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

shock tactic

shock tactic shock tactics
Shock tactics are a way of trying to influence people's attitudes to a particular matter by shocking them.

- We must use shock tactics if we are to stop Aids becoming another accepted 20th-century disease.

N-COUNT: usu pl

shock therapy

1. shock therapy
You can refer to the use of extreme policies or actions to solve a particular problem quickly as shock therapy .

- ...Prague's policy of economic shock therapy.

N-UNCOUNT
= shock treatment

2. shock therapy
Shock therapy is a way of treating mentally ill patients by passing an electric current through their brain.

- ...the electrodes used for shock therapy.

N-UNCOUNT
= shock treatment

shock treatment

shock treatment
Shock treatment is the same as shock therapy.
N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl

shock troops

shock troops
Shock troops are soldiers who are specially trained to carry out a quick attack.
N-PLURAL

shock wave *

1. shock wave shock waves
A shock wave is an area of very high pressure moving through the air, earth, or water. It is caused by an explosion or an earthquake, or by an object travelling faster than sound.

- The shock waves yesterday were felt from Las Vegas to San Diego.

N-COUNT also shockwave .

2. shock wave shock waves
A shock wave is the effect of something surprising, such as a piece of unpleasant news, that causes strong reactions when it spreads through a place.

- The crime sent shock waves throughout the country.

N-COUNT also shockwave .

shod

[D.J.:ʃɔd]

[K.K.:ʃɑd]

adj.

<文>穿着(某种)鞋子的;装有蹄铁的

shoe

[D.J.:ʃu:]

[K.K.:ʃu]

n.

鞋

蹄铁

煞车; 金属箍

vt.

为…钉蹄铁

shoes

n.

鞋子

shod

1. shod
You can use shod when you are describing the kind of shoes that a person is wearing. (FORMAL)

- He has demonstrated a strong preference for being shod in running shoes.

- ...her stoutly shod feet.

ADJ: v-link ADJ in/with n, adv ADJ

2. Shod is the past participle of shoe .

shoe ***

1. shoe shoes
Shoes are objects which you wear on your feet. They cover most of your foot and you wear them over socks or stockings.

- ...a pair of shoes...

- Low-heeled comfortable shoes are best.

- You don't mind if I take my shoes off, do you?

N-COUNT
See also snowshoe , training shoe .

2. shoe shoes
A shoe is the same as a horseshoe .
N-COUNT

3. shoe shoes shoeing shoed shod
When a blacksmith shoes a horse, they fix horseshoes onto its feet.

- Blacksmiths spent most of their time repairing tools and shoeing horses.

- He helped his father by holding the horses steady while they were being shod.

VB

4. shoe
If you fill someone's shoes or step into their shoes , you take their place by doing the job they were doing.

- No one has been able to fill his shoes.

- Now that Chris is gone she wants me to step into his shoes.

PHR: V inflects

5. shoe
If you talk about being in someone's shoes , you talk about what you would do or how you would feel if you were in their situation.

- I wouldn't want to be in his shoes.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

shoddy

[D.J.:ˈʃɔdi:]

[K.K.:ˈʃɑdi]

adj.

劣质的;劣等的

吝啬的;卑鄙的

shoddy *

1. shoddy shoddier shoddiest
Shoddy work or a shoddy product has been done or made carelessly or badly.

- I'm normally quick to complain about shoddy service.

- American customers no longer tolerate shoddy goods.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. shoddily

- These products are shoddily produced.

- ...shoddily-built cars.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

shoddy

adjective

inferior

poor

rubbishy

second-rate

slipshod

tawdry

trashy

shoehorn

[D.J.:ˈʃu:hɔ:n]

[K.K.:ˈʃuˌhɔrn]

n.

鞋拔

vt.

硬塞进

shoehorn

1. shoehorn shoehorns
A shoehorn is a piece of metal or plastic with a slight curve that you put in the back of your shoe so that your heel will go into the shoe easily.
N-COUNT

2. shoehorn shoehorns shoehorning shoehorned
If you shoehorn something into a tight place, you manage to get it in there even though it is difficult.

- Their cars are shoehorned into tiny spaces.

- I was shoehorning myself into my skin-tight ball gown.

VB

shoelace

[D.J.:ˈʃu:ˌleɪs]

[K.K.:ˈʃuˌles]

n.

鞋带

shoelace

shoelace shoelaces
Shoelaces are long, narrow pieces of material like pieces of string that you use to fasten your shoes.

- He began to tie his shoelaces.

N-COUNT: usu pl

shoemaker

[D.J.:ˈʃu:ˌmeɪkə]

[K.K.:ˈʃuˌmekɚ]

n.

鞋匠

shoemaker

shoemaker shoemakers
A shoemaker is a person whose job is making shoes and boots.
N-COUNT

shoestring

[D.J.:ˈʃu:ˌstrɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃuˌstrɪŋ]

n.

on a shoestring

<非正>以极少的钱

adj.

<非正>用钱极少的；小本经营的

shoestring

1. shoestring shoestrings
Shoestrings are long, narrow pieces of material like pieces of string that you use to fasten your shoes. (AM; in BRIT use shoelaces )
N-COUNT: usu pl

2. shoestring
A shoestring budget is one where you have very little money to spend.

- The British-produced film was made on a shoestring budget.

ADJ: ADJ n
= tight

3. shoestring
If you do something or make something on a shoestring , you do it using very little money.

- The theatre will be run on a shoestring.

PHR: PHR after v

shoo

[D.J.:ʃu:]

[K.K.:ʃu]

int.

嘘！走开！

vt.

用“嘘”声赶走；吓走

shoo

1. shoo shoos shooing shooed
If you shoo an animal or a person away, you make them go away by waving your hands or arms at them.

- You'd better shoo him away.

- I shooed him out of the room.

VB

2. shoo
You say ` shoo! ' to an animal when you want it to go away.

- Shoo, bird, shoo.

EXCLAM

shoo-in

[D.J.:ˈʃu:ˌɪn]

[K.K.:ˈʃuˌɪn]

n.

〈口〉被认为肯定可以取胜的人、队等

shoo-in

shoo-in shoo-ins
A shoo-in is a person or thing that seems sure to succeed. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- Ms Brown is still no shoo-in for the November election.

N-COUNT

shoot

[D.J.:ʃu:t]

[K.K.:ʃut]

vt. & vi.

开枪, 射击; 射中, 射死

拍摄

疾驰; 飞速通过

vt.

(用枪等)打猎

shooting

[D.J.:ˈʃu:tɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃutɪŋ]

n.

射击

(通常指犯罪行为的)开枪,射杀

打猎,射猎

the whole shooting match

全部事物；各方面；所有的一切

shooting match

n.

射击竞赛

shooting star

n.

流星

shot

[D.J.:ʃɔt]

[K.K.:ʃɑt]

n.

开枪, 射击; 枪炮声

击球, 射门, 投篮

射手, 炮手

试图; 设法

adj.

颜色会变化的; 用旧的, 耗尽的

shoot ****

1. shoot shoots shooting shot
If someone shoots a person or an animal, they kill them or injure them by firing a bullet or arrow at them.

- The police had orders to shoot anyone who attacked them.

- Namibian law permits ranchers to shoot cheetahs to protect their livestock.

- Gunmen shot dead the brother of the minister.

- The man was shot dead by the police during a raid on his house.

- Her father shot himself in the head with a shotgun.

VB

2. shoot shoots shooting shot
To shoot means to fire a bullet from a weapon such as a gun.

- He taunted armed officers by pointing to his head, as if inviting them to shoot.

- The police came around the corner and they started shooting at us.

- She had never been able to shoot straight.

- Troops began shooting in all directions.

VB

3. shoot shoots shooting shot
If someone or something shoots in a particular direction, they move in that direction quickly and suddenly.

- They had almost reached the boat when a figure shot past them.

- Another car shot out of a junction and smashed into the back of them.

VB

4. shoot shoots shooting shot
If you shoot something somewhere or if it shoots somewhere, it moves there quickly and suddenly.

- Masters shot a hand across the table and gripped his wrist.

- As soon as she got close, the old woman's hand shot out.

- You'd turn on the water, and it would shoot straight up in the air.

V-ERG

5. shoot shoots shooting shot
If you shoot a look at someone, you look at them quickly and briefly, often in a way that expresses your feelings.

- Mary Ann shot him a rueful look.

- The man in the black overcoat shot a penetrating look at the other man.

VB

6. shoot shoots shooting shot
If someone shoots to fame, they become famous or successful very quickly.

- Alina Reyes shot to fame a few years ago with her extraordinary first novel.

- She shot to stardom on Broadway in a Noel Coward play.

VB

7. shoot shoots shooting shot
When people shoot a film or shoot photographs, they make a film or take photographs using a camera.

- He'd love to shoot his film in Cuba.

- Three CBS cameramen were on site to shoot and edit taped reports.

VB

8. shoot shoots
Also a noun.

- ...a barn presently being used for a video shoot.

N-COUNT

9. shoot shoots
Shoots are plants that are beginning to grow, or new parts growing from a plant or tree.
N-COUNT: usu pl

10. shoot shoots shooting shot
In sports such as soccer or basketball, when someone shoots , they try to score by kicking, throwing, or hitting the ball towards the goal.

- Spencer scuttled away from Young to shoot wide when he should have scored.

- A time limit was set for a team to shoot at the basket.

VB

11. shoot shoots shooting shot
When someone shoots pool or shoots craps, they play a game of pool or the dice game called craps. (AM)

- People are still hanging out drinking beer, maybe shooting some pool.

VB

12. shoot
If you shoot the breeze or shoot the bull with someone, you talk to them about things which are not very serious or important. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)

- They expected me to sit up and shoot the breeze with them till one or two in the morning.

- I also met with Pollack again to kind of shoot the bull.

PHR-RECIP: V inflects, PHR with n, pl-n V

13. shoot
If you shoot yourself in the foot , something you say or do causes you harm.

- If I was to insult the contestants I would be shooting myself in the foot.

PHR: V inflects

shooting **

1. shooting shootings
A shooting is an occasion when someone is killed or injured by being shot with a gun.

- Two more bodies were found nearby after the shooting.

- A drug-related gang war led to a series of shootings in the city.

N-COUNT

2. shooting
Shooting is hunting animals with a gun as a leisure activity. (BRIT; in AM use hunting )

- Grouse shooting begins in August.

N-UNCOUNT

3. shooting
The shooting of a film is the act of filming it.

- Ingrid was busy learning her lines for the next day's shooting.

- The shooting of The Maltese Falcon proceeded without a hitch.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

shot ****

1. shot
Shot is the past tense and past participle of shoot .

2. shot shots
A shot is an act of firing a gun.

- He had murdered Perceval at point blank range with a single shot.

- A man fired a volley of shots at them.

N-COUNT

3. shot shots
Someone who is a good shot can shoot well. Someone who is a bad shot cannot shoot well.

- He was not a particularly good shot because of his eyesight.

N-COUNT: adj N

4. shot shots
In sports such as football, soccer, golf, or tennis, a shot is an act of kicking, hitting, or throwing the ball, especially in an attempt to score a point.

- He had only one shot at goal.

N-COUNT

5. shot shots
A shot is a photograph or a particular sequence of pictures in a film.

- I decided to try for a more natural shot of a fox peering from the bushes.

- He received praise for the atmospheric monochrome shots in David Lynch's The Elephant Man.

N-COUNT

6. shot shots
If you have a shot at something, you attempt to do it. (INFORMAL)

- The heavyweight champion will be given a shot at Holyfield's world title.

N-COUNT: usu sing, usu N at n

7. shot shots
A shot of a drug is an injection of it.

- He administered a shot of Nembutal.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

8. shot shots
A shot of a strong alcoholic drink is a small glass of it. (AM)

- ...a shot of vodka.

- ...spirits and liqueurs, served in a shot glass.

N-COUNT

9. shot
If you give something your best shot , you do it as well as you possibly can. (INFORMAL)

- I don't expect to win. But I am going to give it my best shot.

PHR: V inflects

10. shot
If you describe someone's actions as a shot across the bow of another person, you mean that it is a warning to that person to stop or change what they are doing.

- As a warning shot across the bows of rivals, it is already setting aggressive prices.

PHR: Ns inflect, usu v-link PHR

11. shot
The person who calls the shots is in a position to tell others what to do.

- The directors call the shots and nothing happens without their say-so.

PHR: V inflects

12. shot
If you do something like a shot , you do it without any delay or hesitation. (INFORMAL)

- I heard the key turn in the front door and I was out of bed like a shot.

- If he thought it his duty to arrest me, he'd do it like a shot.

PHR: PHR after v

13. shot
If you describe something as a long shot , you mean that it is unlikely to succeed, but is worth trying.

- The deal was a long shot, but Bagley had little to lose.

- I thought about meeting a handsome stranger but it seemed a bit of a long shot.

PHR: v-link PHR

14. shot
People sometimes use the expression by a long shot to emphasize the opinion they are giving.

- The missile-reduction treaty makes sweeping cuts, but the arms race isn't over by a long shot.

PHR emphasis

15. shot
If something is shot through with an element or feature, it contains a lot of that element or feature.

- His work was deeply refreshing, and all of it shot through with humour.

- This is an argument shot through with inconsistency.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

shoot

verb

1.

hit

blast slang

bring down

kill

open fire

plug slang

2.

fire

discharge

emit

fling

hurl

launch

project

propel

3.

speed

bolt

charge

dart

dash

fly

hurtle

race

rush

streak

tear

noun

4.

branch

bud

offshoot

sprig

sprout

shot

noun

1.

throw

discharge

lob

pot shot

2.

pellet

ball

bullet

lead

projectile

slug

3.

marksman

shooter

4.

attempt

effort

endeavour

go informal

stab informal

try

turn

shoot down ****

1. shoot down shoots down; shooting down; shot down
If someone shoots down an aeroplane, a helicopter, or a missile, they make it fall to the ground by hitting it with a bullet or missile.

- They claimed to have shot down one incoming missile.

- His plane was shot down over North Vietnam in 1967.

PHR-V

2. shoot down shoots down; shooting down; shot down
If one person shoots down another, they shoot them with a gun.

- He was prepared to suppress rebellion by shooting down protesters.

- They shot him down in cold blood.

PHR-V

3. shoot down shoots down; shooting down; shot down
If you shoot someone down or shoot down their ideas, you say or show that they are completely wrong.

- She was able to shoot the rumour down in flames with ample documentary evidence.

PHR-V

shoot up ****

1. shoot up shoots up; shooting up; shot up
If something shoots up , it grows or increases very quickly.

- Sales shot up by 9% last month.

- The fair market value of the property shot up.

PHR-V

2. shoot up shoots up; shooting up; shot up
If a drug addict shoots up , they inject a quantity of drugs into their body.

- Drug addicts shoot up in the back alleys.

- We shot up heroin in the playground.

PHR-V

shoot-em-up

shoot-em-up shoot-em-ups
A shoot-em-up is a computer game that involves shooting and killing characters. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

shooter

[ˈʃu:tə]

n.

枪

shooter *

1. shooter shooters
A shooter is a person who shoots a gun.

- An eyewitness identified him as the shooter.

- I have been a shooter for 16 years and enjoy my sport.

N-COUNT

2. shooter shooters
A shooter is a gun. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

shooting gallery

shooting gallery shooting galleries
A shooting gallery is a place where people use rifles to shoot at targets, especially in order to win prizes.
N-COUNT

shooting star

shooting star shooting stars
A shooting star is a piece of rock or metal that burns very brightly when it enters the earth's atmosphere from space, and is seen from earth as a bright star travelling very fast across the sky.
N-COUNT

shooting war

shooting war shooting wars
When two countries in conflict engage in a shooting war , they fight each other with weapons rather than opposing each other by diplomatic or other means. (JOURNALISM)
N-COUNT

shoot-out

[D.J.:ˈʃu:tˌaʊt]

[K.K.:ˈʃutˌaʊt]

n.

枪战

shoot-out *

1. shoot-out shoot-outs
A shoot-out is a fight in which people shoot at each other with guns.

- Three IRA men were killed in the shoot-out.

- ...a bloody shoot-out between rival gangs that killed 18 people.

N-COUNT

2. shoot-out shoot-outs
In games such as soccer, a shoot-out or a penalty shoot-out is a way of deciding the result of a game that has ended in a draw. Players from each team try to score a goal in turn until one player fails to score and their team loses the game.

- The Danes won that UEFA tie in a shoot-out.

N-COUNT

shop

[D.J.:ʃɔp]

[K.K.:ʃɑp]

n.

商店, 店铺

工厂; 工作处

办事处; 机构; 企业

vt. & vi.

(到…)去买东西[购物]

vt.

告发

shopper

[D.J.:ˈʃɔpə]

[K.K.:ˈʃɑpɚ]

n.

(商店的)顾客, 买东西的人

shopping

[D.J.:ˈʃɔpɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃɑpɪŋ]

n.

一次购物中买来的东西

买东西, 购物

shop ****

1. shop shops
A shop is a building or part of a building where things are sold. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use store )

- ...health food shops.

- ...a record shop...

- It's not available in the shops.

N-COUNT
= store

2. shop shops shopping shopped
When you shop , you go to shops and buy things.

- He always shopped at the Co-op.

- ...some advice that's worth bearing in mind when shopping for a new carpet.

- ...customers who shop once a week.

VB

3. shopper shoppers

- ...crowds of Christmas shoppers.

N-COUNT

4. shop shops
You can refer to a place where a particular service is offered as a particular type of shop .

- ...the barber shop where Rodney sometimes had his hair cut.

- ...betting shops.

- ...your local video shop.

N-COUNT: n N

5. shop shops
You can refer to a place where things are made or done as a particular kind of shop .

- ...the blacksmith's shop.

- ...a repair shop.

N-COUNT: n N

6. shop shops shopping shopped
If you shop someone, you report them to the police for doing something illegal. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- His father was so disgusted to discover his son was dealing drugs he shopped him to police.

- Fraudsters are often shopped by honest friends and neighbours.

VB

7. shop
If something is happening all over the shop , it is happening in many different places or throughout a wide area. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

- This gave them the freedom to make trouble all over the shop without fear of retribution.

PHR: PHR after v
= everywhere

8. shop
If you set up shop , you start a business.

- He set up shop as an independent PR consultant.

- He has just set up shop in Cherbourg.

PHR: V inflects

9. shop
When a shop, office, or firm shuts up shop , it stops doing business and closes, either at the end of the day or permanently. (BRIT)

- If they had been faced with the bill they'd have shut up shop and fled the country.

PHR: V inflects

10. shop
If you say that people are talking shop , you mean that they are talking about their work, and this is boring for other people who do not do the same work.

- Although I get on well with my colleagues, if you hang around together all the time you just end up talking shop.

PHR: V inflects

shopping ***

1. shopping
When you do the shopping , you go to shops and buy things.

- I'll do the shopping this afternoon.

N-UNCOUNT
See also window shopping .

2. shopping
Your shopping is the things that you have bought from shops, especially food.

- We put the shopping away.

N-UNCOUNT

shop

noun

store

boutique

emporium

hypermarket

supermarket

shop around ****

shop around shops around; shopping around; shopped around
If you shop around , you go to different shops or companies in order to compare the prices and quality of goods or services before you decide to buy them.

- Prices may vary so it's well worth shopping around before you buy.

- He shopped around for a firm that would be flexible.

PHR-V

shopaholic

shopaholic shopaholics
A shopaholic is someone who greatly enjoys going shopping and buying things, or who cannot stop themselves doing this. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT

shop assistant *

shop assistant shop assistants
A shop assistant is a person who works in a shop selling things to customers. (BRIT; in AM use sales clerk )
N-COUNT

shop floor

shop floor
The shop floor is used to refer to all the ordinary workers in a factory or the area where they work, especially in contrast to the people who are in charge. (BRIT)

- Cost must be controlled, not just on the shop floor but in the boardroom too.

- ...shop floor workers.

N-SING: oft N n also shop-floor , shopfloor .

shop front

shop front shop fronts
A shop front is the outside part of a shop which faces the street, including the door and windows. (BRIT; in AM use storefront )
N-COUNT also shopfront .

shopkeeper

[D.J.:ˈʃɔpˌki:pə]

[K.K.:ˈʃɑpˌkipɚ]

n.

店主

shopkeeper *

shopkeeper shopkeepers
A shopkeeper is a person who owns or manages a small shop. (BRIT; in AM use storekeeper or merchant )
N-COUNT

shoplift

[D.J.:ˈʃɔpˌlɪft]

[K.K.:ˈʃɑpˌlɪft]

vt. & vi.

在商店偷窃

shoplifter

[D.J.:ˈʃɔplɪftə]

n.

(貌似在商店购物实则行窃的)商店窃贼

shoplifting

[D.J.:ˈʃ ɔpˌlɪftɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃ ɑpˌlɪftɪŋ]

n.

商店行窃

shoplift

1. shoplift shoplifts shoplifting shoplifted
If someone shoplifts , they steal goods from a shop by hiding them in a bag or in their clothes.

- He openly shoplifted from a supermarket.

- They had shoplifted thousands of dollars' worth of merchandise.

VB

2. shoplifter shoplifters

- A persistent shoplifter has been banned from every Marks & Spencer store in Britain.

N-COUNT

shoplifting

shoplifting
Shoplifting is stealing from a shop by hiding things in a bag or in your clothes.

- The grocer accused her of shoplifting and demanded to look in her bag.

- He admitted five shoplifting offences.

N-UNCOUNT

shopping cart

shopping cart shopping carts
A shopping cart is the same as a shopping trolley . (AM)
N-COUNT

shopping centre *

shopping centre shopping centres
A shopping centre is a specially built area containing a lot of different shops.

- The new shopping centre was constructed at a cost of 1.1 million.

N-COUNT (AM) shopping center

shopping channel

shopping channel shopping channels
A shopping channel is a television channel that broadcasts programmes showing products that you can phone the channel and buy.
N-COUNT

shopping list *

shopping list shopping lists
A shopping list is a list of the things that you want to buy when you go shopping, which you write on a piece of paper.
N-COUNT

shopping mall *

shopping mall shopping malls
A shopping mall is a specially built covered area containing shops and restaurants which people can walk between, and where cars are not allowed.
N-COUNT
= mall

shopping trolley

shopping trolley shopping trolleys
A shopping trolley is a large metal basket on wheels which is provided by shops such as supermarkets for customers to use while they are in the shop. (BRIT; in AM use shopping cart )
N-COUNT
= trolley

shop steward

shop steward shop stewards
A shop steward is a trade union member who is elected by the other members in a factory or office to speak for them at official meetings. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

shore

[D.J.:ʃɔ:]

[K.K.:ʃɔr, ʃor]

n.

岸, 滨

vt.

支撑; 支持

shore ***

1. shore shores
The shores or the shore of a sea, lake, or wide river is the land along the edge of it. Someone who is on shore is on the land rather than on a ship.

- They walked down to the shore.

- ...elephants living on the shores of Lake Kariba...

- I have spent less time on shore than most men.

- As soon as they were safely back to shore, Dirk raced for the nearest phone.

N-COUNT: also prep N

2. shore shores
When someone or something reaches the shores of a country or continent, they arrive in that country or continent. (LITERARY)

- It is feared that a similar epidemic will soon reach the shores of Europe.

- This youngster is another destined to leave these shores.

N-PLURAL: with supp

shore

noun

beach

coast

sands

seashore

strand poetic

shore up ***

shore up shores up; shoring up; shored up
If you shore up something that is weak or about to fail, you do something in order to strengthen it or support it.

- The democracies of the West may find it hard to shore up their defences.

PHR-V

shore up

verb

support

brace

buttress

hold

prop

reinforce

strengthen

underpin

shoreline

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:ˌlaɪn, ˈʃəʊr-]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrˌlaɪn, ˈʃor-]

n.

海〔湖〕滨线;海〔湖〕岸线

shoreline *

shoreline shorelines
A shoreline is the edge of a sea, lake, or wide river.
N-COUNT

short

[D.J.:ʃɔ:t]

[K.K.:ʃɔrt]

adj.

短的; 简短的

矮的, 低的

短期的, 即将兑现的

短缺的, 未达标的

简称的, 简略形式的

不够; 缺乏, 缺少

唐突的, 无礼的; 急躁的

adv.

突然; 唐突地

n.

短路

短裤

shorts

[D.J.:ʃɔ:ts]

n.

(从事运动或天气炎热时穿的)短裤

<美>男人的短内裤

电影短片

short 1 adjective and adverb uses *****

1. short shorter shortest
If something is short or lasts for a short time, it does not last very long.

- The announcement was made a short time ago.

- How could you do it in such a short period of time?.

- Mr Annan took a short break before resuming his schedule.

- Kemp gave a short laugh.

- We had a short meeting.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ long

2. short shorter shortest
If you talk about a short hour, day, or year, you mean that it seems to have passed very quickly or will seem to pass very quickly.

- For a few short weeks there was peace.

- Only five short years later, your money will have grown by $94,000.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ long

3. short shorter shortest
A short speech, letter, or book does not have many words or pages in it.

- They were performing a short extract from Shakespeare's Two Gentlemen of Verona.

- This is a short note to say thank you.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ long

4. short shorter shortest
Someone who is short is not as tall as most people are.

- I'm tall and thin and he's short and fat.

- ...a short, elderly woman with grey hair...

- He's the shortest of four brothers.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ tall

5. short shorter shortest
Something that is short measures only a small amount from one end to the other.

- The city centre and shops are only a short distance away.

- A short flight of steps led to a grand doorway.

- His black hair was very short.

ADJ-GRADED
≠ long

6. short shorter shortest
If you are short of something or if it is short , you do not have enough of it. If you are running short of something or if it is running short , you do not have much of it left.

- Her father's illness left the family short of money.

- Government forces are running short of ammunition and fuel.

- Supplies of everything are unreliable, food is short.

- Time is running short.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ of n

7. short
If someone or something is or stops short of a place, they have not quite reached it. If they are or fall short of an amount, they have not quite achieved it.

- He stopped a hundred yards short of the building.

- So what happens if the Socialists top the poll but fall short of an absolute majority?.

- Inflation is just short of 11 per cent.

- They were still 91 short of their target.

ADJ: v-link ADJ of n

8. short
Short of a particular thing means except for that thing or without actually doing that thing.

- Short of climbing railings four metres high, there was no way into the garden from this road.

- They have no means, short of civil war, to enforce their will upon the minorities.

PHR-PREP: PREP n/-ing
= except for

9. short
If something is cut short or stops short , it is stopped before people expect it to or before it has finished.

- His glittering career was cut short by a heart attack.

- Jackson cut short his trip to Africa.

- His voice stopped short as he saw the blade emerge from Desmond's pocket.

ADV: ADV after v

10. short
If a name or abbreviation is short for another name, it is the short version of that name.

- Her friend Kes (short for Kesewa) was in tears.

- `O.O.B.E.' is short for `Out Of Body Experience'.

ADJ: v-link ADJ for n

11. short shorter shortest
If you have a short temper, you get angry very easily.

- ...an awkward, self-conscious woman with a short temper.

ADJ-GRADED
See also short-tempered .

12. short shorter shortest
If you are short with someone, you speak briefly and rather rudely to them, because you are impatient or angry.

- She seemed nervous or tense, and she was definitely short with me.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ with n
= terse

13. short
If you are caught short or are taken short , you feel a sudden strong need to urinate, especially when you cannot easily find a toilet. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
PHR: V inflects

14. short
If a person or thing is called something for short , that is the short version of their name.

- Opposite me was a woman called Jasminder (Jazzy for short).

- This condition is called seasonal affective disorder, or SAD for short.

PHR: usu n PHR

15. short
If you go short of something, especially food, you do not have as much of it as you want or need.

- Some people may manage their finances badly and therefore have to go short of essentials.

PHR: V inflects, oft PHR of n

16. short
You use the expression in short when you have been giving a lot of details and you want to give a conclusion or summary.

- Try tennis, badminton or windsurfing. In short, anything challenging.

- She was surrounded by doctors, lawyers, housewives -- people, in short, like herself.

PHR: PHR with cl

17. short
You use nothing short of or little short of to emphasize how great or extreme something is. For example, if you say that something is nothing short of a miracle or nothing short of disastrous, you are emphasizing that it is a miracle or it is disastrous.

- The results are nothing short of magnificent.

- His last visit to Washington was little short of a fiasco.

PHR: v-link PHR adj/n emphasis

18. short
If you say that someone is, for example, several cards short of a full deck or one sandwich short of a picnic , you think they are stupid, foolish, or crazy. (INFORMAL)
PHR: v-link PHR

19. short
If someone or something is short on a particular good quality, they do not have as much of it as you think they should have.

- He was very short on enthusiasm.

- The proposals were short on detail.

PHR: V inflects disapproval

20. short
If someone stops short of doing something, they come close to doing it but do not actually do it.

- He stopped short of explicitly criticizing the government.

- The resolution stopped short of an outright declaration of independence.

PHR: V inflects, PHR -ing/n

21. short
If workers are put on short time , they are asked to work fewer hours than the normal working week, because their employer can not afford to pay them a full time wage.

- Workers across the country have been put on short time because of the slump in demand.

- Most manufacturers have had to introduce short-time working.

PHR: on PHR, PHR n

22. short
If something pulls you up short or brings you up short , it makes you suddenly stop what you are doing.

- The name on the gate pulled me up short.

PHR: V inflects

23. short
If you make short work of someone or something, you deal with them or defeat them very quickly. (INFORMAL)

- Agassi made short work of his opponent.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

short 2 noun uses **

1. short shorts
Shorts are trousers with very short legs, that people wear in hot weather or for taking part in sports.

- ...two women in bright cotton shorts and tee shirts.

N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

2. short shorts
Shorts are men's underpants with short legs. (mainly AM)
N-PLURAL: also a pair of N

3. short shorts
A short is a small amount of a strong alcoholic drink such as whisky, gin, or vodka, rather than a weaker alcoholic drink that you can drink in larger quantities. (mainly BRIT)
N-COUNT

4. short shorts
A short is a short film, especially one that is shown before the main film at the cinema.
N-COUNT

short

adjective

1.

concise

brief

compressed

laconic

pithy

succinct

summary

terse

2.

small

diminutive

dumpy

little

petite

squat

3.

brief

fleeting

momentary

often with of 4.

lacking

deficient

limited

low (on)

scant

scarce

wanting

5.

abrupt

brusque

curt

discourteous

impolite

sharp

terse

uncivil

adverb

6.

abruptly

suddenly

without warning

shortage

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:tidʒ]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtɪdʒ]

n.

不足; 缺少; 缺少量; 不足额

shortage ***

shortage shortages
If there is a shortage of something, there is not enough of it.

- A shortage of funds is preventing the UN from monitoring relief.

- Vietnam is suffering from food shortage.

- There's no shortage of ideas when it comes to improving the education of children.

N-VAR: usu with supp, N of n, n N

shortage

noun

deficiency

dearth

insufficiency

lack

paucity

scarcity

want

short back and sides

short back and sides
If a man has a short back and sides , his hair is cut very short at the back and sides with slightly thicker, longer hair on the top of the head. (BRIT)
N-SING also short-back-and-sides .

shortbread

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:tbred]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtˌbrɛd]

n.

用面粉,奶油和糖掺合做成的脆饼

shortbread

shortbread shortbreads
Shortbread is a kind of biscuit made from flour, sugar, and butter.
N-VAR

shortcake

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:tˌkeɪk]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtˌkek]

n.

脆饼的一种

shortcake

1. shortcake
Shortcake is the same as shortbread . (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

2. shortcake
Shortcake is a cake or dessert which consists of a crisp cake with layers of fruit and cream. (mainly AM)

- ...desserts like strawberry shortcake and pumpkin pie.

N-UNCOUNT

short-change

.

(给顾客)少找钱

short-change

1. short-change short-changes short-changing short-changed
If someone short-changes you, they do not give you enough change after you have bought something from them.

- The cashier made a mistake and short-changed him.

VB

2. short-change short-changes short-changing short-changed
If you are short-changed , you are treated unfairly or dishonestly, often because you are given less of something than you deserve.

- Women are in fact still being short-changed in the press.

VB: usu passive

3. short-changed

- Some theatre-goers may feel short-changed when they arrive expecting to see an international superstar perform.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

short-circuit

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:tˈsɜ:kɪt]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtˈsə..kɪt]

vt.

<电>使发生短路

缩短

vi.

<电>发生短路

short-circuit

1. short-circuit short-circuits short-circuiting short-circuited
If an electrical device short-circuits , a wrong connection or damaged wire causes electricity to travel along the wrong route and damage the device.

- Carbon dust and oil build up in large motors and cause them to short-circuit.

- Once inside they short-circuited the electronic security.

V-ERG

2. short-circuit
Also a noun.

- Ensure that any electrical gadgets are fitted expertly to eliminate the risk of a short-circuit.

N-COUNT

3. short-circuit short-circuits short-circuiting short-circuited
If someone or something short-circuits a process or system, they avoid long or difficult parts of it and use a quicker, more direct method to achieve their aim.

- Mr Abrahams said the approach was intended to short-circuit normal complaints procedures.

VB

shortcoming

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:tkʌmiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtˌkʌmɪŋ]

n.

短处; 缺点

shortcoming *

shortcoming shortcomings
Someone's or something's shortcomings are the faults or weaknesses which they have.

- Marriages usually break down as a result of the shortcomings of both partners.

- His book has its shortcomings.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft with poss
= failing

shortcoming

noun

failing

defect

fault

flaw

imperfection

weakness

shortcrust

n.

酥皮糕点

shortcrust

shortcrust
Shortcrust pastry is a kind of pastry that is used to make pies and tarts. (BRIT)
ADJ: ADJ n

short cut *

1. short cut short cuts
A short cut is a quicker way of getting somewhere than the usual route.

- I tried to take a short cut and got lost.

N-COUNT also short-cut , shortcut .

2. short cut short cuts
A short cut is a method of achieving something more quickly or more easily than if you use the usual methods.

- Fame can be a shortcut to love and money.

- There is no short cut from dictatorship to democracy.

N-COUNT: oft N to n also short-cut , shortcut .

shorten

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:tn]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtn]

vt. & vi.

弄短, 缩短

shortening

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:tniŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtnɪŋ, ˈʃɔrtnɪŋ]

n.

缩针,简写

shorten *

1. shorten shortens shortening shortened
If you shorten an event or the length of time that something lasts, or if it shortens , it does not last as long as it would otherwise do or as it used to do.

- Smoking can shorten your life.

- The trading day is shortened in observance of the Labor Day holiday.

- When the days shorten in winter some people suffer depression.

V-ERG
≠ lengthen

2. shorten shortens shortening shortened
If you shorten an object or if it shortens , it becomes smaller in length.

- Her father paid £1,000 for an operation to shorten her nose.

V-ERG
≠ lengthen

3. shorten shortens shortening shortened
If you shorten a name or other word, you change it by removing some of the letters.

- Originally called Lili, she eventually shortened her name to Lee.

VB

shortening

shortening shortenings
Shortening is cooking fat that you use with flour in order to make pastry or dough. (mainly AM)
N-MASS

shorten

verb

cut

abbreviate

abridge

curtail

decrease

diminish

lessen

reduce

shortfall

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:tˌfɔ:l]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtˌfɔl]

n.

不足之量,差额

shortfall *

shortfall shortfalls
If there is a shortfall in something, there is less of it than you need.

- The government has refused to make up a £30,000 shortfall in funding.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= deficit

shorthand

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:thænd]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtˌhænd]

n.

速记(法)

(对某事的)简短且常为故意搞得隐晦的表达方法

shorthand *

1. shorthand
Shorthand is a quick way of writing and uses signs to represent words or syllables. Shorthand is used by secretaries and journalists to write down what someone is saying.

- Ben took notes in shorthand.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ longhand

2. shorthand
You can use shorthand to mean a quick or simple way of referring to something.

- Laslett uses the shorthand of `second age' for the group of younger people who are creating families.

- The fiction that `he' is a neutral shorthand for `he or she' is no longer acceptable to many.

N-UNCOUNT: also a N

short-handed

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:tˈhændɪd]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtˈhændɪd]

adj.

人手不足的

short-handed

short-handed
If a company, organization, or group is short-handed , it does not have enough people to work on a particular job or for a particular purpose.

- We're actually a bit short-handed at the moment.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ also shorthanded .
= short-staffed

shorthand typist

shorthand typist shorthand typists
A shorthand typist is a person who types and writes shorthand, usually in an office. (BRIT; in AM use stenographer )
N-COUNT

short-haul

[ˈʃɔ:tˈhɔ:l]

adj.

短距离的,短程的

short-haul

short-haul
Short-haul is used to describe things that involve transporting passengers or goods over short distances.

- Short-haul flights operate from Heathrow and Gatwick.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ long-haul

shortish

[ˈʃɔ:tiʃ]

adj.

稍短的,显得短的

shortish

shortish
Shortish means fairly short.

- ...a shortish man, with graying hair.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

shortlist

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:tlist]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtˌlɪst]

vt.

把…列入决选名单

shortlist *

1. shortlist shortlists
If someone is on a shortlist , for example for a job or a prize, they are one of a small group of people who have been chosen from a larger group. The successful person is then chosen from the small group.

- If you've been asked for an interview you are probably on a short list of no more than six.

N-COUNT The spelling short list is used in American English and sometimes in British English for the noun.

2. shortlist shortlists shortlisting shortlisted
If someone or something is shortlisted for a job or a prize, they are put on a shortlist. (mainly BRIT)

- He was shortlisted for the Nobel Prize for literature several times.

- Ballymore rugby union ground has been shortlisted as a possible home for Queensland softball.

VB: usu passive The spelling short list is used in American English and sometimes in British English for the noun.

short-lived

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:tˈlaɪvd, -ˈlɪvd]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtˈlaɪvd, -ˈlɪvd]

adj.

短命的

短暂的

short-lived *

short-lived
Something that is short-lived does not last very long.

- Any hope that the speech would end the war was short-lived.

- Chantal told Martine about her short-lived marriage.

ADJ-GRADED

shortly

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:tli]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtli]

adv.

不久; 很快

不耐烦地, 简慢地

shortly ***

1. shortly
If something happens shortly after or before something else, it happens not long after or before it. If something is going to happen shortly , it is going to happen soon.

- Their trial will shortly begin.

- The work will be completed very shortly.

- Shortly after moving into her apartment, she found a job.

- She kept a diary until shortly before her death.

- Christine didn't answer, and shortly afterwards she left.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV after/before n, ADV adv

2. shortly
If you speak to someone shortly , you speak to them in a cross or impatient way.

- `I don't know you,' he said shortly, `and I'm in a hurry.'

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v
= tersely

shortly

adverb

soon

before long

in a little while

presently

short message system

short message system
A short message system is a way of sending short written messages from one mobile phone to another. The abbreviation SMS is also used.
N-COUNT?? also short message service

short-range

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:tˈreɪndʒ]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtˈrendʒ]

adj.

短期的

短程的

short-range *

short-range
Short-range weapons or missiles are designed to be fired across short distances.
ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

short-sighted

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:tˈsaɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtˈsaɪtɪd]

adj.

近视的

目光短浅的;无先见的

short-sighted *

1. short-sighted
If you are short-sighted , you cannot see things properly when they are far away, because there is something wrong with your eyes. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use near-sighted )

- Testing showed her to be very short-sighted.

ADJ-GRADED also shortsighted .
= myopic

2. short-sightedness

- Radical eye surgery promises to cure short-sightedness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. short-sighted
If someone is short-sighted about something, or if their ideas are short-sighted , they do not make proper or careful judgements about the future.

- Environmentalists fear that this is a short-sighted approach to the problem of global warming.

- I think we're being very short-sighted.

ADJ-GRADED also shortsighted .

4. short-sightedness

- The government now recognises the short-sightedness of this approach.

N-UNCOUNT

short-sighted

adjective

1.

near-sighted

myopic

2.

unthinking

ill-advised

ill-considered

impolitic

impractical

improvident

imprudent

injudicious

short-staffed

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:tˈstæft]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtˈstæft]

adj.

人手短缺的,人手不够的

short-staffed

short-staffed
A company or place that is short-staffed does not have enough people working there. (mainly BRIT; in AM use short-handed )

- The hospital is desperately short-staffed.

ADJ-GRADED
= short-handed

short stop

short stop short stops
In baseball, a short stop is a player who tries to stop balls that go between second and third base.
N-COUNT

short story *

short story short stories
A short story is a written story about imaginary events that is only a few pages long.

- He published a collection of short stories.

N-COUNT

short-tempered

[D.J.:ʃɔ:tˈtempəd]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtˈtɛmpəd]

adj.

脾气坏的,易怒的

short-tempered

short-tempered
Someone who is short-tempered gets angry very quickly.

- I'm a bit short-tempered sometimes.

ADJ-GRADED

short-tempered

adjective

quick-tempered

hot-tempered

impatient

irascible

ratty Brit. & N.Z. informal

testy

short-term

[D.J.:ˈʃɔ:tˈtɜ:m]

[K.K.:ˈʃɔrtˈtə..m]

adj.

<商>短期的

short-term ***

short-term
Short-term is used to describe things that will last for a short time, or things that will have an effect soon rather than in the distant future.

- Investors weren't concerned about short-term profits over the next few years.

- This is a cynical manipulation of the situation for short-term political gain.

- The company has 90 staff, almost all on short-term contracts.

- The short-term outlook for employment remains gloomy.

- There is no easy short-term solution to Britain's economic malaise.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ long-term

short-termism

short-termism
If you accuse people of short-termism , you mean that they make decisions that produce benefits now or soon, rather than making better decisions that will produce benefits in the future.
N-UNCOUNT disapproval

short-wave

短波

short-wave

short-wave
Short-wave is a range of short radio wavelengths used for broadcasting.

- I use the short-wave radio to get the latest war news.

- Until now, the BBC has only been available in South Africa on short wave.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n also short wave , shortwave .

shotgun

[D.J.:ˈʃɔtˌgʌn]

[K.K.:ˈʃɑtˌɡʌn]

n.

(双管)猎枪, 霰弹枪, 鸟枪

a shotgun wedding

(因女方怀孕而)不得不举行的婚礼

shotgun *

shotgun shotguns
A shotgun is a gun used for shooting birds and animals which fires a lot of small metal balls at one time.
N-COUNT

shot put

1. shot put
In athletics, the shot put is a competition in which people throw a heavy metal ball as far as possible.
N-SING: usu the N

2. shot putter shot putters

- ...Canadian shot-putter Georgette Reed.

N-COUNT

should

[D.J.:ʃud, ʃəd]

[K.K.:ʃʊd]

aux.v.

应该

有可能

将会

should *****

( Should is a modal verb. It is used with the base form of a verb.)

1. should
You use should when you are saying what would be the right thing to do or the right state for something to be in.

- I should exercise more.

- The diet should be maintained unchanged for about a year.

- He's never going to be able to forget it. And I don't think he should.

- Sometimes I am not as brave as I should be.

- Should our children be taught to swim at school?

MODAL

2. should
You use should to give someone an order to do something, or to report an official order.

- All visitors should register with the British Embassy.

- The European Commission ruled that British Aerospace should pay back tens of millions of pounds.

MODAL

3. should
If you say that something should have happened, you mean that it did not happen, but that you wish it had. If you say that something should not have happened, you mean that it did happen, but that you wish it had not.

- I should have gone this morning but I was feeling a bit ill.

- I should have been in the shade like all the other tourists, then I wouldn't have got burned.

- You should have done that yesterday you idiot!.

- You should have written to the area manager again.

- I shouldn't have said what I did.

MODAL

4. should
You use should when you are saying that something is probably the case or will probably happen in the way you are describing. If you say that something should have happened by a particular time, you mean that it will probably have happened by that time.

- You should have no problem with reading this language.

- The voters should by now be in no doubt what the parties stand for.

- The doctor said it will take six weeks and I should be fine by then.

- We should have finished by a quarter past two and the bus doesn't leave till half past.

MODAL

5. should
You use should in questions when you are asking someone for advice, permission, or information.

- Should I or shouldn't I go to university?.

- What should I do?.

- Please could you advise me what I should do?.

- Should I go back to the motel and wait for you to telephone?.

- Should I fetch your slippers?.

- Should we tell her about it?

MODAL

6. should
You say ` I should ', usually with the expression `if I were you', when you are giving someone advice by telling them what you would do if you were in their position. (FORMAL)

- I should look out if I were you!.

- James, I should refuse that consultancy with Shapiro, if I were you.

- I should go if I were you.

MODAL

7. should
You use should in conditional clauses when you are talking about things that might happen. (FORMAL)

- If you should be fired, your health and pension benefits will not be automatically cut off.

- Should you buy a home from Lovell, the company promises to buy it back at the same price after three years.

- Should Havelock become the first Englishman to retain his world title, he will be the last to do so under the present system.

MODAL

8. should
You use should in `that' clauses after certain verbs, nouns, and adjectives when you are talking about a future event or situation.

- He raised his glass and indicated that I should do the same.

- I insisted that we should have a look at every car.

- My father was very keen that I should fulfill my potential.

- George was sincerely anxious that his son should find happiness and security.

- It seems such a pity that a distinguished and honored name should be commercialized in such a manner.

- There is a wish among competitors that the Federation should change the test every four years.

MODAL

9. should
You use should in expressions such as I should think and I should imagine to indicate that you think something is true but you are not sure.

- I should think it's going to rain soon.

- `I suppose that was the right thing to do.' --- `I should imagine so.'.

- `Can we be talking about the same thing?' --- `I should hope so.'

MODAL vagueness

10. should
You use should in expressions such as I should like and I should be happy to show politeness when you are saying what you want to do, or when you are requesting, offering, or accepting something.

- I should be happy if you would bring them this evening.

- `I should like to know anything you can tell me,' said Kendal.

- I should like a word with the carpenter.

- I should like to ask you to come with us for a quiet supper.

- That is very kind of you both. I should like to come.

- `You can go and see her tomorrow afternoon if you feel like it.' --- `I should be delighted to do so.'.

- She thought, `I should like her for a friend.'.

MODAL politeness

11. should
You use should in expressions such as You should have seen us and You should have heard him to emphasize how funny, shocking, or impressive something that you experienced was. (SPOKEN)

- You should have heard him last night!.

- You should have seen him when he first came out -- it was so sad.

- He started crying and I cried too. You should have seen us.

- You should have seen his roses! As good a show as in the Botanic Garden.

- You should have seen Boris's face when Hugh tapped him on the shoulder. Talk about surprise!

MODAL emphasis

12. should
You use should in question structures which begin with words like `who' and `what' and are followed by `but' to emphasize how surprising or shocking a particular event was. (SPOKEN)

- I'm making these plans and who should I meet but this blonde guy and John.

MODAL emphasis

shoulder

[D.J.:ˈʃəuldə]

[K.K.:ˈʃoldɚ]

n.

肩, 肩部, 肩膀

背的上部

有责任[须承担责任]的人

vt.

扛, 担, 挑

用肩顶…

承担

shouldered

[ˈʃəuldəd]

adj.

(用以构成复合词)肩膀…的;背着的

shouldering

肩托

shoulders

割面肩

shoulder ****

1. shoulder shoulders
Your shoulders are between your neck and the tops of your arms.

- She led him to an armchair, with her arm round his shoulder.

- He glanced over his shoulder and saw me watching him.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

2. shoulder shoulders
The shoulders of a piece of clothing are the parts that cover your shoulders.

- ...extravagant fashions with padded shoulders.

N-COUNT

3. shoulder shoulders
When you talk about someone's problems or responsibilities, you can say that they carry them on their shoulders .

- No one suspected the anguish he carried on his shoulders.

- I fervently hope he recognizes and understands the burden that's on his shoulders.

N-PLURAL: poss N

4. shoulder shoulders shouldering shouldered
If you shoulder the responsibility or the blame for something, you accept it.

- He has had to shoulder the responsibility of his father's mistakes.

- Some of the blame for the disastrous night must be shouldered by the promoters.

VB
= accept

5. shoulder shoulders shouldering shouldered
If you shoulder something heavy, you put it across one of your shoulders so that you can carry it more easily.

- The rest of the group shouldered their bags, gritted their teeth and set off.

- He shouldered his bike and walked across the finish line.

VB

6. shoulder shoulders shouldering shouldered
If you shoulder someone aside or if you shoulder your way somewhere, you push past people roughly using your shoulder.

- The policemen rushed past him, shouldering him aside.

- She could do nothing to stop him as he shouldered his way into the house.

- He shouldered past Harlech and opened the door.

VB

7. shoulder shoulders
A shoulder is a joint of meat from the upper part of the front leg of an animal.

- ...shoulder of lamb.

N-VAR

8. shoulder
If someone offers you a shoulder to cry on or is a shoulder to cry on , they listen sympathetically as you talk about your troubles.

- Mrs Barrantes longs to be at her daughter's side to offer her a shoulder to cry on.

- Roland sometimes saw me as a shoulder to cry on.

PHR: usu PHR after v

9. shoulder
If you say that someone or something stands head and shoulders above other people or things, you mean that they are a lot better than them.

- The two candidates stood head and shoulders above the rest.

- I am very impressed by your magazine. It is head and shoulders above any other.

PHR: PHR above n

10. shoulder
If you say that someone is looking over their shoulder , you mean that they feel anxious all the time about what someone may do to them.

- When a company keeps making people redundant, those who are left behind might start looking over their shoulder.

PHR: V and N inflect

11. shoulder
If two or more people stand shoulder to shoulder , they are standing next to each other, with their shoulders touching.

- They fell into step, walking shoulder to shoulder with their heads bent against the rain.

- We went on board and saw these people packed shoulder to shoulder on the decks.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

12. shoulder
If people work or stand shoulder to shoulder , they work together in order to achieve something, or support each other.

- They could fight shoulder-to-shoulder against a common enemy.

- We will need you and the chairman standing shoulder to shoulder on basic positions.

PHR: usu v PHR
= side by side

shoulder

verb Slang

1.

bear

accept

assume

be responsible for

carry

take on

2.

push

elbow

jostle

press

shove

shoulder-bag

shoulder-bag shoulder-bags
A shoulder-bag is a bag that has a long strap so that it can be carried on a person's shoulder.
N-COUNT

shoulder blade

shoulder blade shoulder blades
Your shoulder blades are the two large, flat, triangular bones that you have in the upper part of your back, below your shoulders.
N-COUNT

shoulder-high

adj.

齐肩高的

shoulder-high

1. shoulder-high
A shoulder-high object is as high as your shoulders.

- ...a shoulder-high hedge.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. shoulder-high
Also an adverb.

- They picked up Oliver and carried him shoulder high into the garage.

ADV: ADV after v

shoulder-length

adj.

齐肩的

shoulder-length

shoulder-length
Shoulder-length hair is long enough to reach your shoulders.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

shoulder pad

shoulder pad shoulder pads
Shoulder pads are small pads that are put inside the shoulders of a jacket, coat, or other article of clothing in order to raise them.
N-COUNT

shoulder-strap

n.

肩带,背带;肩章

shoulder-strap

1. shoulder-strap shoulder-straps
The shoulder-straps on a piece of clothing such as a dress are two narrow straps that go over the shoulders.
N-COUNT

2. shoulder-strap shoulder-straps
A shoulder-strap on a bag is a long strap that you put over your shoulder to carry the bag.
N-COUNT

shouldn't

shouldn't
Shouldn't is the usual spoken form of `should not'.

should've

should've
Should've is the usual spoken form of `should have', especially when `have' is an auxiliary verb.

shout

[D.J.:ʃaut]

[K.K.:ʃaʊt]

vt. & vi.

呼, 喊, 叫

vt.

大声讲

n.

呼喊, 喊叫

轮到请客

shouting

n.

喊叫,呼叫

shout ***

1. shout shouts shouting shouted
If you shout , you say something very loudly, usually because you want people a long distance away to hear you or because you are angry.

- He had to shout to make himself heard above the near gale-force wind.

- `She's alive!' he shouted triumphantly.

- Andrew rushed out of the house, shouting for help.

- You don't have to shout at me.

- I shouted at mother to get the police.

- The driver managed to escape from the vehicle and shout a warning.

VB

2. shout shouts
Also a noun.

- The decision was greeted with shouts of protest from opposition MPs.

- I heard a distant shout.

N-COUNT

3. shouting

- One of my grandchildren heard the shouting first.

N-UNCOUNT

4. shout
If you are in a pub and someone you are with says ` It's your shout ' or ` It's my shout ', they mean that it is your turn or their turn to buy a round of drinks. (BRIT, INFORMAL)
CONVENTION

shout

noun

1.

cry

bellow

call

roar

scream

yell

verb

2.

cry (out)

bawl

bellow

call (out)

holler informal

roar

scream

yell

shout down ***

shout down shouts down; shouting down; shouted down
If people shout down someone who is trying to speak, they prevent that person from being heard by shouting at them.

- They shouted him down when he tried to explain why Zaire needed an interim government.

- There were scuffles when UDF hecklers began to shout down the speakers.

PHR-V

shout down

verb

silence

drown

drown out

overwhelm

shout out ***

shout out shouts out; shouting out; shouted out
If you shout something out , you say it very loudly so that people can hear you clearly.

- They shouted out the names of those detained.

- I shouted out `I'm OK'.

- I wanted to shout it out, let her know what I had overheard.

PHR-V

shouting match

shouting match shouting matches
A shouting match is an angry quarrel in which people shout at each other.

- We had a real shouting match with each other.

N-COUNT: oft N with/between n

shove

[D.J.:ʃʌv]

[K.K.:ʃʌv]

vt. & vi.

推, 猛推, 乱推

shoving

挤浆

shove **

1. shove shoves shoving shoved
If you shove someone or something, you push them with a quick, violent movement.

- He shoved her out of the way.

- He was then shoved face down on the pavement.

- He's the one who shoved me.

- She shoved as hard as she could.

VB

2. shove shoves
Also a noun.

- She gave Gracie a shove towards the house.

N-COUNT

3. shove shoves shoving shoved
If you shove something somewhere, you push it there quickly and carelessly.

- We shoved a copy of the newsletter beneath their door.

- He shoved a cloth in my hand.

VB

4. shove
If you talk about what you think will happen if push comes to shove , you are talking about what you think will happen if a situation becomes very bad or difficult. (INFORMAL)

- If push comes to shove, if you should lose your case in the court, what will you do?.

- When push comes to shove, you are on your own.

PHR: V inflects

shove

verb

push

drive

elbow

impel

jostle

press

propel

thrust

shovel

[D.J.:ˈʃʌvl]

[K.K.:ˈʃʌvəl]

n.

铲子; 锹

vt. & vi.

铲

shovel *

1. shovel shovels
A shovel is a tool with a long handle that is used for lifting and moving earth, coal, or snow.

- ...a coal shovel...

- She dug the foundation with a pick and shovel.

N-COUNT

2. shovel shovels shovelling shovelled
If you shovel earth, coal, or snow, you lift and move it with a shovel.

- He has to get out and shovel snow.

- Pendergood had shovelled the sand out of the caravan.

VB (AM) shoveling , shoveled

3. shovel shovels shovelling shovelled
If you shovel something somewhere, you push a lot of it quickly into that place.

- There was silence, except for Randall, who was obliviously shoveling food into his mouth.

VB (AM) shoveling , shoveled

shovel

verb

move

dredge

heap

ladle

load

scoop

toss

show

[D.J.:ʃəu]

[K.K.:ʃo]

vt. & vi.

给…看, 显示

表现出; 显露出

上演, 展出

vt.

说明; 表明

为…带路

n.

表演, 演出

展览; 展览物; 展览会

显示; 展示

showing

[D.J.:ˈʃəʊɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈʃoɪŋ]

n.

(电影、电视节目等的)展映,放映

(在某事件中或某一期间的)表现；表演

shown

[D.J.:ʃəʊn]

[K.K.:ʃon]

show的过去分词

show *****

1. show shows showing showed shown
If something shows that a state of affairs exists, it gives information that proves it or makes it clear to people.

- Research shows that a high-fibre diet may protect you from bowel cancer.

- He was arrested at his home in Southampton after a breath test showed he had drunk more than twice the legal limit for driving.

- These figures show an increase of over one million in unemployment.

- It was only later that the drug was shown to be addictive.

- You'll be given regular blood tests to show whether you have been infected.

VB

2. show shows showing showed shown
If a picture, chart, film, or piece of writing shows something, it represents it or gives information about it.

- Figure 4.1 shows the respiratory system.

- ...a coin showing Cleopatra...

- The cushions, shown left, measure 20 x 12 inches and cost $39.95.

- Much of the film shows the painter simply going about his task.

- Our photograph shows how the plants will turn out.

VB

3. show shows showing showed shown
If you show someone something, you give it to them, take them to it, or point to it, so that they can see it or know what you are referring to.

- Cut out this article and show it to your bank manager.

- He showed me the flat he shares with Esther.

- I showed them where the gun was.

- Show me which one you like and I'll buy it for you.

VB

4. show shows showing showed shown
If you show someone to a room or seat, you lead them there.

- It was very good of you to come. Let me show you to my study.

- Milton was shown into the office.

- John will show you upstairs, Mr Penry.

- Your office is ready for you. I'll show you the way.

VB

5. show shows showing showed shown
If you show someone how to do something, you do it yourself so that they can watch you and learn how to do it.

- Claire showed us how to make a chocolate roulade.

- There are seasoned professionals who can teach you and show you what to do.

- Mother asked me to show you how the phones work.

- Dr. Reichert has shown us a new way to look at those behavior problems.

V-ERG

6. show shows showing showed shown
If something shows or if you show it, it is visible or noticeable.

- He showed his teeth in a humourless grin.

- His beard was just beginning to show signs of grey.

- Faint glimmers of daylight were showing through the treetops.

- I'd driven both ways down this road but my tracks didn't show.

V-ERG

7. show shows showing showed shown
If you show a particular attitude, quality, or feeling, or if it shows , you behave in a way that makes this attitude, quality, or feeling clear to other people.

- Elsie has had enough time to show her gratitude.

- She showed no interest in her children.

- Ferguson was unhappy and it showed.

- You show me respect.

- Mr Clarke has shown himself to be resolutely opposed to compromise.

- The baby was tugging at his coat to show that he wanted to be picked up.

V-ERG

8. show shows showing showed shown
If something shows a quality or characteristic or if that quality or characteristic shows itself, it can be noticed or observed.

- The story shows a strong narrative gift and a vivid eye for detail.

- Middle East peace talks in Washington showed signs of progress yesterday.

- Her popularity clearly shows no sign of waning.

- How else did his hostility to women show itself?

VB

9. show shows
A show of a feeling or quality is an attempt by someone to make it clear that they have that feeling or quality.

- Miners gathered in the centre of Bucharest in a show of support for the government.

- A crowd of more than 10,000 has gathered in a show of strength.

- She said goodbye to Hilda with a convincing show of affection.

- Mr Morris was determined to put on a show of family unity.

N-COUNT: usu a N of n

10. show
If you say that something is for show , you mean that it has no real purpose and is done just to give a good impression.

- The change in government is more for show than for real.

- `It's all show,' said Linus. `The girls don't take it seriously.'

N-UNCOUNT

11. show shows showing showed shown
If a company shows a profit or a loss, its accounts indicate that it has made a profit or a loss.

- It is the only one of the three companies expected to show a profit for the quarter.

- Lonrho's mining and minerals businesses showed some improvement.

VB

12. show shows showing showed shown
If a person you are expecting to meet does not show , they do not arrive at the place where you expect to meet them. (mainly AM)

- There was always a chance he wouldn't show.

VB
= turn up

13. show up shows up; showing up; showed up; shown up
Show up means the same as show .

- We waited until five o'clock, but he did not show up.

- He always shows up in a fancy car.

- If I don't show up for class this morning, I'll be kicked out.

PHR-V

14. show shows
A television or radio show is a programme on television or radio.

- I had my own TV show.

- This is the show in which Loyd Grossman visits the houses of the famous.

- ...a popular talk show on a Cuban radio station...

- A daily one-hour news show can cost $250,000 to produce.

N-COUNT: oft supp N
= programme

15. show shows
A show in a theatre is an entertainment or concert, especially one that includes different items such as music, dancing, and comedy.

- How about going shopping and seeing a show in London?.

- He has earned a reputation as the man who can close a show with a bad review.

- The band are playing a handful of shows at smaller venues.

N-COUNT

16. show shows showing showed shown
If someone shows a film or television programme, it is broadcast or appears on television or in the cinema.

- The BBC World Service Television news showed the same film clip.

- The drama will be shown on American TV next year.

- American films are showing at Moscow's cinemas.

VB

17. showing showings

- I gave him a private showing of the film.

N-COUNT

18. show shows
A show is a public exhibition of things, such as works of art, fashionable clothes, or things that have been entered in a competition.

- The venue for the show is Birmingham's National Exhibition Centre Hall.

- Gucci will be holding fashion shows to present their autumn collection.

- Two complementary exhibitions are on show at the Africa Centre.

- Today his picture goes on show at the National Portrait Gallery.

N-COUNT: also on N

19. show shows showing showed shown
To show things such as works of art means to put them in an exhibition where they can be seen by the public.

- 50 dealers will show oils, watercolours, drawings and prints from 1900 to 1992.

- ...one of East Village's better-known galleries, where he showed and sold his work.

VB

20. show shows showing showed shown
In a horse race, if a horse shows , it finishes first, second, or third. (AM)
VB: V

21. show
A show home, house, or flat is one of a group of new homes. The building company decorates it and puts furniture in it, and people who want to buy one of the homes come and look round it.
ADJ: ADJ n

22. show
If a question is decided by a show of hands , people vote on it by raising their hands to indicate whether they vote yes or no.

- Parliamentary leaders agreed to take all such decisions by a show of hands.

- Russell then asked for a show of hands concerning each of the targets.

PHR

23. show
If you have something to show for your efforts, you have achieved something as a result of what you have done.

- I'm nearly 31 and it's about time I had something to show for my time in my job.

- It always amazed her how little she had to show for the amount she spent.

PHR: have inflects, PHR n

24. show
You can say ` I'll show you ' to threaten or warn someone that you are going to make them admit that they are wrong.

- She shook her fist. `I'll show you,' she said.

- I'll show him, leave it to me.

PHR

25. show
If you say it just goes to show or it just shows that something is the case, you mean that what you have just said or experienced demonstrates that it is the case.

- I forgot all about the ring. Which just goes to show that getting good grades in school doesn't mean you're clever.

- It's crazy and just shows the inconsistency of refereeing.

PHR: PHR that, PHR n

26. show
If you say that someone is running the show , you mean that they are in control or in charge of a situation.

- They made it clear who is now running the show.

- There's some serious problems with the way the state's leadership has been running the show.

PHR: V inflects

27. show
If you say that someone steals the show , you mean that they get a lot of attention or praise because they perform better than anyone else in a show or other event.

- It was Chinese women who stole the show on the first day of competition.

- Brad Pitt steals the show as the young man doomed by his zest for life.

PHR: V inflects

show up *****

1. show up shows up; showing up; showed up; shown up
If something shows up or if something shows it up , it can be clearly seen or noticed.

- You may have some strange disease that may not show up for 10 or 15 years.

- The orange tip shows up well against most backgrounds.

- ...a telescope so powerful that it can show up galaxies billions of light years away...

- There have been four hundred escapes this year, showing up the lack of security.

PHR-V-ERG

2. show up shows up; showing up; showed up; shown up
If someone or something shows you up , they make you feel embarrassed or ashamed of them.

- He wanted to teach her a lesson for showing him up in front of Leonov.

- She kept saying I ought to try some, but I wasn't going to show myself up.

- We expected every drawing exercise to show us up as hopeless artists.

PHR-V

shown

shown
Shown is the past participle of show .

show

verb

1.

be visible

appear

2.

display

exhibit

present

3.

prove

clarify

demonstrate

elucidate

point out

4.

instruct

demonstrate

explain

teach

5.

display

indicate

manifest

register

reveal

6.

guide

accompany

attend

conduct

escort

lead

noun

7.

entertainment

presentation

production

8.

exhibition

array

display

fair

pageant

parade

sight

spectacle

9.

pretence

affectation

air

appearance

display

illusion

parade

pose

show up

verb

1.

stand out

appear

be conspicuous

be visible

2.

reveal

expose

highlight

lay bare

3.

embarrass

let down

mortify

put to shame

4.

arrive

appear

come

turn up

show around *****

show around shows around; showing around; showed around; shown around
If you show someone around or show them round , you go with them to show them all the interesting, useful, or important features of a place when they first visit it.

- Would you show me around?.

- She showed me round and introduced me to everybody.

- Spear showed him around the flat.

PHR-V (BRIT) also show round

show off *****

1. show off shows off; showing off; showed off; shown off
If you say that someone is showing off , you are criticizing them for trying to impress people by showing in a very obvious way what they can do or what they own.

- All right, there's no need to show off.

- He had been showing off for her at the poker table.

PHR-V disapproval

2. show off shows off; showing off; showed off; shown off
If you show off something that you have, you show it to a lot of people or make it obvious that you have it, because you are proud of it.

- Naomi was showing off her engagement ring.

- Body builders shave their chests to show off their muscles.

- He actually enjoys his new hair-style and has decided to start showing it off.

PHR-V

3. show off shows off; showing off; showed off; shown off
If something shows something off , it emphasizes its good features so that it looks especially attractive.

- She had made Helen a dress which showed off her tiny waist.

PHR-V

show off

verb

1.

exhibit

demonstrate

display

flaunt

parade

2.

boast

blow one's own trumpet

brag

swagger

showbiz

[ˈʃəubiz]

n.

演艺圈，娱乐性行业

showbiz *

showbiz
Showbiz is the same as show business . (INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

show business *

show business
Show business is the entertainment industry of film, theatre, and television.

- He started his career in show business by playing the saxophone and singing.

- ...show business personalities.

N-UNCOUNT

showcase

[D.J.:ˈʃəʊˌkeɪs]

[K.K.:ˈʃoˌkes]

n.

(商店或博物馆的)玻璃陈列柜

showcase *

1. showcase showcases
A showcase is a glass container with valuable objects inside it, for example at an exhibition or in a museum.
N-COUNT

2. showcase showcases
You use showcase to refer to a situation or setting in which something is displayed or presented to its best advantage.

- The festival remains a valuable showcase for new talent.

N-COUNT: with supp

3. showcase showcases showcasing showcased
If something is showcased , it is displayed or presented to its best advantage. (JOURNALISM)

- Restored films are being showcased this month at a festival in Paris.

VB: usu passive

showdown

[D.J.:ˈʃəʊˌdaʊn]

[K.K.:ˈʃoˌdaʊn]

n.

摊牌, 一决胜负

showdown *

showdown showdowns
A showdown is a big argument or conflict which is intended to settle a dispute that has lasted for a long time.

- They may be pushing the Prime Minister towards a final showdown with his party.

N-COUNT: usu sing also show-down .

showdown

noun

confrontation

clash

face-off slang

shower

[D.J.:ˈʃauə]

[K.K.:ˈʃaʊɚ]

n.

阵雨, 阵雪

淋浴

vi.

下阵雨; 似阵雨般降落

vt.

大量地给予

shower **

1. shower showers
A shower is a device for washing yourself. It consists of a pipe which ends in a flat cover with a lot of holes in it so that water comes out in a spray.

- She heard him turn on the shower.

N-COUNT

2. shower showers
A shower is a small enclosed area containing a shower.
N-COUNT

3. shower showers
The showers or the shower in a place such as a sports centre is the area containing showers.

- The showers are a mess.

- We all stood in the women's shower.

N-COUNT

4. shower showers
If you have a shower , you wash yourself by standing under a spray of water from a shower.

- I think I'll have a shower before dinner.

- She took two showers a day.

N-COUNT

5. shower showers showering showered
If you shower , you wash yourself by standing under a spray of water from a shower.

- There wasn't time to shower or change clothes.

VB

6. shower showers
A shower is a short period of rain, especially light rain.

- There'll be bright or sunny spells and scattered showers this afternoon.

N-COUNT

7. shower showers
You can refer to a lot of things that are falling as a shower of them.

- Showers of sparks flew in all directions.

- ...a shower of meteorites.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

8. shower showers showering showered
If you are showered with a lot of small objects or pieces, they are scattered over you.

- They were showered with rice in the traditional manner.

- Mr Reagan was showered with glass.

VB: usu passive

9. shower showers showering showered
If you shower a person with presents or kisses, you give them a lot of presents or kisses in a very generous and extravagant way.

- He showered her with emeralds and furs.

- Her parents showered her with kisses.

VB

10. shower showers
A shower is a party or celebration at which the guests bring gifts. (mainly AM)

- ...a bridal shower.

- ...a baby shower..

N-COUNT

shower

noun

1.

deluge

barrage

stream

torrent

volley

verb

2.

inundate

deluge

heap

lavish

pour

rain

showery

[ˈʃauəri]

adj.

阵雨的

showery

showery
If the weather is showery , there are showers of rain but it does not rain all the time.
ADJ-GRADED

showgirl

[D.J.:ˈʃəuɡə:l]

[K.K.:ˈʃoˌɡɚl]

n.

歌舞女郎,广告女郎

showgirl

showgirl showgirls
A showgirl is a young woman who sings and dances as part of a group in a musical show.
N-COUNT

showground

[ˈʃəuɡraund]

n.

展览场地

showground

showground showgrounds
A showground is a large area of land where events such as farming shows or horse riding competitions are held.
N-COUNT

show jumper *

show jumper show jumpers
A show jumper is a person who takes part in the sport of show jumping.

- I loved horses as a child and was a junior show jumper.

N-COUNT

show jumping *

show jumping
Show jumping is a sport in which horses are ridden in competitions to demonstrate their skill in jumping over fences and walls.
N-UNCOUNT also showjumping .

showman

[D.J.:ˈʃəʊmən]

[K.K.:ˈʃomən]

n.

(戏剧、音乐、文娱表演等的)演出主持人,娱乐经理人；善于引起公众注意的人物,爱出风头的人物

showmanship

n.

showmanship

[ˈʃəumənʃip]

n.

主技演出的技巧

showman

showman showmen
A showman is a person who is very entertaining and dramatic in the way that they perform, or the way that they present things.
N-COUNT

showman

noun

performer

entertainer

showmanship

showmanship
Showmanship is a person's skill at performing or presenting things in an entertaining and dramatic way.
N-UNCOUNT

show-off

[D.J.:ˈʃəʊˌɔ:f, -ˌɔf]

[K.K.:ˈʃoˌɔf, -ˌɑf]

n.

炫耀;卖弄

<口>爱卖弄的人;自大的人

show-off *

show-off show-offs
If you say that someone is a show-off , you are criticizing them for trying to impress people by showing in a very obvious way what they can do or what they own. (INFORMAL)
N-COUNT The spelling showoff is also used, especially in American English. disapproval

show-off

noun

exhibitionist

boaster

braggart

poseur

showpiece

[D.J.:ˈʃəʊˌpi:s]

[K.K.:ˈʃoˌpis]

n.

样板;典范

showpiece *

showpiece showpieces
A showpiece is something that is admired because it is the best thing of its type, especially something that is intended to be impressive.

- The factory was to be a showpiece of Western investment in the East.

- Wembley is the showpiece stadium in this country.

N-COUNT: with supp also show-piece .

showroom

[ˈʃəurum]

n.

(商品样品的)陈列室

showroom *

showroom showrooms
A showroom is a shop in which goods are displayed for sale, especially goods such as cars or electrical or gas appliances.

- ...a car showroom...

- Further information is available from your local electricity showroom.

N-COUNT: usu n N

show-stopper

[D.J.:ˈʃəʊˌstɔpə]

[K.K.:ˈʃoˌstɑpɚ]

n.

被长时间的掌声所打断的表演

show-stopper

show-stopper show-stoppers
If something is a show-stopper , it is very impressive. (INFORMAL)

- Her natural creativity and artistic talent make her home a real show stopper.

N-COUNT also showstopper . approval

show-stopping

show-stopping
A show-stopping performance or product is very impressive. (INFORMAL)
ADJ: ADJ n also showstopping . approval

showtime

showtime
Showtime is the time when a particular stage or television show starts.

- It's close to showtime now, so you retire into the dressing room.

N-UNCOUNT

show trial

show trial show trials
People describe a trial as a show trial if they believe that the trial is unfair and is held for political reasons rather than in order to find out the truth.

- Amnesty International has denounced the show trials of political dissidents.

N-COUNT disapproval

showy

[D.J.:ˈʃəʊi:]

[K.K.:ˈʃoi]

adj.

引人注目的

过分装饰的;太华丽的

showy

showy showier showiest
Something that is showy is very noticeable because it is large, colourful, or bright.

- Since he was color blind, he favored large, showy flowers.

- They were smart but not showy.

ADJ-GRADED
= gaudy

showy

adjective Informal

1.

ostentatious

brash

flamboyant

flash informal

flashy

over the top informal

2.

gaudy

garish

loud

shrank

[D.J.:ʃræŋk]

[K.K.:ʃræŋk]

(shrink的过去式)

shrink

[D.J.:ʃriŋk]

[K.K.:ʃrɪŋk]

vt. & vi.

收缩; 退缩

shrinking

皱缩

shrunk

[D.J.:ʃrʌŋk]

[K.K.:ʃrʌŋk]

shrink的过去式和过去分词

shrank

shrank
Shrank is the past tense of shrink .

shrink **

1. shrink shrinks shrinking shrank shrunk
If cloth or clothing shrinks , it becomes smaller in size, usually as a result of being washed.

- All my jumpers have shrunk.

VB

2. shrink shrinks shrinking shrank shrunk
If something shrinks or something else shrinks it, it becomes smaller.

- The vast forests of West Africa have shrunk.

- Hungary may have to lower its hopes of shrinking its state sector.

V-ERG
≠ grow

3. shrink shrinks shrinking shrank shrunk
If you shrink away from someone or something, you move away from them because you are frightened, shocked, or disgusted by them.

- One child shrinks away from me when I try to talk to him.

- Siegfried cringed and shrank against the wall.

- She shrank back with an involuntary gasp.

VB

4. shrink shrinks shrinking shrank shrunk
If you do not shrink from a task or duty, you do it even though it is unpleasant or dangerous.

- We must not shrink from the legitimate use of force if we are to remain credible.

- They didn't shrink from danger.

VB: usu with neg

5. shrink shrinks
A shrink is a psychiatrist. (INFORMAL)

- I've seen a shrink already.

N-COUNT

shrunk

shrunk
Shrunk is the past participle of shrink .

shrink

verb

1.

decrease

contract

diminish

dwindle

grow smaller

lessen

narrow

shorten

2.

recoil

cower

cringe

draw back

flinch

quail

shrapnel

[D.J.:ˈʃræpnəl]

[K.K.:ˈʃræpnəl]

n.

榴霰弹,子母弹

shrapnel *

shrapnel
Shrapnel consists of small pieces of metal which are scattered from exploding bombs and shells.

- He was hit by shrapnel from a grenade.

N-UNCOUNT

shred

[D.J.:ʃred]

[K.K.:ʃrɛd]

n.

碎片, 细条, 破布

些许, 少量

vt. & vi.

撕碎, 切碎

用撕毁机撕毁(文件)

shredding

椽底板条;击碎

shred **

1. shred shreds shredding shredded
If you shred something such as food or paper, you cut it or tear it into very small, narrow pieces.

- They may be shredding documents.

- Finely shred the carrots, cabbage and cored apples.

VB

2. shred shreds
If you cut or tear food or paper into shreds , you cut or tear it into small, narrow pieces.

- Cut the cabbage into fine long shreds.

N-COUNT: usu pl

3. shred shreds
If there is not a shred of something, there is not even a small amount of it.

- He said there was not a shred of evidence to support such remarks.

- There is not a shred of truth in the story.

- He was left without a shred of self-esteem.

N-COUNT: N of n, usu with brd-neg
= scrap

4. shred
If you tear someone to shreds or rip them to shreds , you criticize them very thoroughly and severely.
PHR: V inflects emphasis

shred

noun

1.

strip

bit

fragment

piece

scrap

sliver

tatter

2.

particle

atom

grain

iota

jot

scrap

trace

shredder

[D.J.:ˈʃredə]

[K.K.:ˈʃrɛdɚ]

n.

(食品)磨碎机

碎纸机

shredder

shredder shredders
A shredder is a machine for shredding things such as documents or parts of bushes that have been cut off.

- ...a document shredder.

- ...a garden shredder.

N-COUNT

shrew

[D.J.:ʃru:]

[K.K.:ʃru]

n.

泼妇; 悍妇

shrew

shrew shrews
A shrew is a small brown animal like a mouse with a long pointed nose.
N-COUNT

shrew

noun

nag

harpy

harridan

scold

spitfire

vixen

shrewd

[D.J.:ʃru:d]

[K.K.:ʃrud]

adj.

机灵的, 精明的

shrewdly

机灵的

shrewdness

[D.J.:ˈʃru:dnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈʃrudnɪs]

机灵

shrewd *

1. shrewd shrewder shrewdest
A shrewd person is able to understand and judge a situation quickly and to use this understanding to their own advantage.

- She's a shrewd businesswoman.

- His grey eyes were shrewd but kindly.

- It should prove a shrewd investment.

ADJ-GRADED

2. shrewdly

- She looked at him shrewdly.

- ...a shrewdly worded statement.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. shrewdness

- His natural shrewdness tells him what is needed to succeed.

N-UNCOUNT

shrewd

adjective

clever

astute

calculating

canny

crafty

cunning

intelligent

keen

perceptive

perspicacious

sharp

smart

shrewdness

noun

astuteness

canniness

discernment

judgment

perspicacity

quick wits

sharpness

smartness

shriek

[D.J.:ʃri:k]

[K.K.:ʃrik]

vt. & vi.

尖叫

n.

尖叫声

shriek *

1. shriek shrieks shrieking shrieked
When someone shrieks , they make a short, very loud cry, for example because they are suddenly surprised, are in pain, or are laughing.

- She shrieked and leapt from the bed.

- Miranda shrieked with laughter.

VB

2. shriek shrieks
Also a noun.

- Sue let out a terrific shriek and leapt out of the way.

- ...the groans of the wounded, or the shrieks of the dying.

- ...a shriek of joy.

N-COUNT

3. shriek shrieks shrieking shrieked
If you shriek something, you shout it in a loud, high-pitched voice.

- `Stop it! Stop it!' shrieked Jane.

- He was shrieking obscenities and weeping.

VB
= scream

shriek

noun

cry

scream

screech

squeal

yell

shrift

[D.J.:ʃrift]

[K.K.:ʃrɪft]

n.

忏悔,悔悟,临终忏悔,招认,承认

shrift

shrift
If someone or something gets short shrift , they are paid very little attention.

- The idea has been given short shrift by philosophers.

PHR: PHR after v

shrill

[D.J.:ʃrɪl]

[K.K.:ʃrɪl]

adj.

(声音)尖锐的;刺耳的;高频率的

shrillness

n.

尖锐刺耳

shrilly

[D.J.:ˈʃrɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈʃrɪlɪ]

adj.

尖声的

光亮的,耀眼的

adv.

尖声地

耀眼地

shrill *

1. shrill shriller shrillest
A shrill sound is high-pitched and unpleasant.

- Shrill cries and startled oaths flew up around us as pandemonium broke out.

- ...the shrill whistle of the engine...

- Mary Ann's voice grew shrill.

ADJ-GRADED
= piercing

2. shrilly

- `What are you doing?' she demanded shrilly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. shrillness

- ...that ugly shrillness in her voice.

N-UNCOUNT

4. shrill shriller shrillest
If you describe a demand, protest, or statement as shrill , you disapprove of it and do not like the strong, forceful way it is said.

- I disregard these shrill protests from groups closely associated with the terrorists.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n disapproval

5. shrill shrills shrilling shrilled
If a bell or whistle shrills , it makes a loud, high-pitched sound. (WRITTEN)

- The phone shrilled, making her jump.

VB

6. shrill shrills shrilling shrilled
If someone with a high-pitched voice shrills something, they say it loudly. (WRITTEN)

- `No, no, no,' she shrilled.

VB

shrill

adjective

piercing

high

penetrating

sharp

shrimp

[D.J.:ʃrimp]

[K.K.:ʃrɪmp]

n.

虾, 小虾

矮小的人

shrimp *

shrimp shrimps
Shrimps are small shellfish with long tails and many legs.

- Add the shrimp and cook for 30 seconds.

- I'm going to have shrimps for my tea.

N-COUNT shrimp can also be used as the plural form
= prawn

shrimp cocktail

shrimp cocktail shrimp cocktails
A shrimp cocktail is a dish that consists of shrimp, salad, and a sauce. It is usually eaten at the beginning of a meal. (mainly AM; in BRIT use prawn cocktail )
N-VAR

shrine

[D.J.:ʃrain]

[K.K.:ʃraɪn]

n.

圣地, 圣坛, 神圣场所

shrine *

1. shrine shrines
A shrine is a place of worship which is associated with a particular holy person or object.

- ...the holy shrine of Mecca.

N-COUNT

2. shrine shrines
A shrine is a place that people visit and treat with respect because it is connected with a dead person or with dead people that they want to remember.

- The monument has been turned into a shrine to the dead and the missing.

N-COUNT

shrinkage

[D.J.:ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ]

n.

收缩;皱缩;缩水

shrinkage

shrinkage
Shrinkage is a decrease in the size or amount of something.

- Allow for some shrinkage in both length and width.

- ...a shrinkage in industrial output.

N-UNCOUNT

shrink-wrapped

shrink-wrapped
A shrink-wrapped product is sold in a tight covering of thin plastic.

- ...a shrink-wrapped cassette.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

shrivel

[D.J.:ˈʃrɪvəl]

[K.K.:ˈʃrɪvəl]

vt. & vi.

(因热力,严寒、干燥、年老等而)枯萎,皱缩

shrivel *

1. shrivel shrivels shrivelling shrivelled
When something shrivels , it becomes dryer and smaller, often with lines in its surface, as a result of losing the water it contains.

- The plant shrivels and dies.

- ...dry weather that shrivelled this summer's crops.

V-ERG (AM) shriveling , shriveled

2. shrivel up; shrivels up; shrivelling up; shrivelled up
Shrivel up means the same as shrivel .

- The leaves started to shrivel up.

PHR-V (AM) shriveling , shriveled

3. shrivelled

- ...a shriveled chestnut...

- It looked old and shrivelled.

ADJ-GRADED

shrivel

verb

wither

dehydrate

desiccate

shrink

wilt

wizen

shroud

[D.J.:ʃraud]

[K.K.:ʃraʊd]

n.

裹尸布; 寿衣

遮蔽物; 罩; 幕

vt.

覆盖, 遮蔽, 隐藏

shrouding

[ˈʃraudiŋ]

n.

覆盖

shroud *

1. shroud shrouds
A shroud is a cloth which is used for wrapping a dead body.
N-COUNT

2. shroud shrouds
You can refer to something that surrounds an object or situation as a shroud of something.

- ...a parked car huddled under a shroud of grey snow...

- Ministers are as keen as ever to wrap their activities in a shroud of secrecy.

N-COUNT: N of n

3. shroud shrouds shrouding shrouded
If something has been shrouded in mystery or secrecy, very little information about it has been made available.

- For years the teaching of acting has been shrouded in mystery.

- ...the secrecy which has shrouded the whole affair.

VB

4. shrouded

- His demise is as shrouded in mystery as ever.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ in n

5. shroud shrouds shrouding shrouded
If darkness, fog, or smoke shrouds an area, it covers it so that it is difficult to see.

- Mist shrouded the outline of Buckingham Palace.

VB

6. shrouded

- The area is shrouded in smoke.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ in n

shroud

noun

1.

winding sheet

grave clothes

2.

covering

mantle

pall

screen

veil

verb

3.

conceal

blanket

cloak

cover

envelop

hide

screen

veil

Shrove Tuesday

Shrove Tuesday
Shrove Tuesday is the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday. People traditionally eat pancakes on Shrove Tuesday.
N-UNCOUNT
= Pancake Day

shrub

[D.J.:ʃrʌb]

[K.K.:ʃrʌb]

n.

灌木

shrub **

shrub shrubs
Shrubs are plants that have several woody stems.

- ...flowering shrubs.

N-COUNT

shrubbery

[D.J.:ˈʃrʌbəri]

[K.K.:ˈʃrʌbəri]

n.

灌木,灌木林

shrubbery

1. shrubbery shrubberies
A shrubbery is a part of a garden where a lot of shrubs are growing. (BRIT)
N-COUNT

2. shrubbery
You can refer to a lot of shrubs or to shrubs in general as shrubbery .
N-UNCOUNT

shrubby

[D.J.:ˈʃrʌbi]

[K.K.:ˈʃrʌbi]

adj.

灌木的,灌木一般的

shrubby

shrubby
A shrubby plant is like a shrub.

- ...a shrubby tree.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

shrug

[D.J.:ʃrʌɡ]

[K.K.:ʃrʌɡ]

vt. & vi.

耸肩(以表示冷淡, 怀疑等)

shrug **

1. shrug shrugs shrugging shrugged
If you shrug , you raise your shoulders to show that you are not interested in something or that you do not know or care about something.

- I shrugged, as if to say, `Why not?'.

- The man shrugged his shoulders.

VB

2. shrug shrugs
Also a noun.

- `I suppose so,' said Anna with a shrug.

N-COUNT

shrug off **

shrug off shrugs off; shrugging off; shrugged off
If you shrug something off , you ignore it or treat it as if it is not really important or serious.

- He shrugged off the criticism.

- He just laughed and shrugged it off.

PHR-V

shrunken

[D.J.:ˈʃrʌŋkən]

[K.K.:ˈʃrʌŋkən]

adj.

缩小的

shrink的过去分词

shrunken

shrunken
Someone or something that is shrunken has become smaller than they used to be.

- She now looked small, shrunken and pathetic.

- His shrunken thighs were barely strong enough to support the weight of his body.

ADJ-GRADED

shuck

[D.J.:ʃʌk]

[K.K.:ʃʌk]

vt.

剥壳;剥外皮;脱去

shucking

去皮,去壳,去荚,去玉米穗包叶,去贝壳

shucks

[ʃʌks]

int.

表示不满或歉意时所发的声音

shuck

1. shuck shucks
The shuck of something is its outer covering, for example the leaves round an ear of corn, or the shell of a shellfish. (AM)

- ...corn shucks.

N-COUNT

2. shuck shucks shucking shucked
If you shuck something such as corn or shellfish, you remove it from its outer covering. (AM)

- On a good day, each employee will shuck 3,500 oysters.

VB

3. shuck shucks shucking shucked
If you shuck something that you are wearing, you take it off. (AM, INFORMAL)

- He shucked his coat and set to work.

VB

4. shuck
Shucks is an exclamation that is used to express embarrassment, disappointment, or annoyance. (AM, INFORMAL)

- Terry actually says `Oh, shucks!' when complimented on her singing.

EXCLAM feelings

shudder

[D.J.:ˈʃʌdə]

[K.K.:ˈʃʌdɚ]

vt. & vi.

战栗, 发抖

(机器、车辆等)突然震动, 颤动

n.

颤动, 打颤, 战栗

shuddering

发抖的,震动的

shudder *

1. shudder shudders shuddering shuddered
If you shudder , you shake with fear, horror, or disgust, or because you are cold.

- Lloyd had urged her to eat caviar. She had shuddered at the thought.

- Elaine shuddered with cold.

VB

2. shudder shudders
Also a noun.

- She gave a violent shudder.

- She recoiled with a shudder.

N-COUNT: usu sing

3. shudder shudders shuddering shuddered
If something such as a machine or vehicle shudders , it shakes suddenly and violently.

- The train began to pull out of the station -- then suddenly shuddered to a halt.

- The whole ship shuddered and trembled at the sudden strain.

VB

4. shudder shudders
If something sends a shudder or shudders through a group of people, it makes them worried or afraid.

- The next crisis sent a shudder of fear through the UN community.

- The word still causes a shudder among some of my students.

N-COUNT

5. shudder
If you say that you shudder to think what would happen in a particular situation, you mean that you expect it to be so bad that you do not really want to think about it.

- I shudder to think what would have happened if he hadn't acted as quickly as he did.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR wh feelings

shudder

verb

1.

shiver

convulse

quake

quiver

shake

tremble

noun

2.

shiver

quiver

spasm

tremor

shuffle

[D.J.:ˈʃʌfəl]

[K.K.:ˈʃʌfəl]

vt. & vi.

拖着脚步走

洗(纸牌);弄混;乱堆

粗心地做

shuffle off this mortal coil

摆脱尘世的烦恼；死亡

shuffling

慢慢移动

shuffle **

1. shuffle shuffles shuffling shuffled
If you shuffle somewhere, you walk there without lifting your feet properly off the ground.

- Moira shuffled across the kitchen.

- They shuffled along somewhat reluctantly.

VB

2. shuffle
Also a noun.

- She noticed her own proud walk had become a shuffle.

N-SING

3. shuffle shuffles shuffling shuffled
If you shuffle around, you move your feet about while standing or you move your bottom about while sitting, often because you feel uncomfortable or embarrassed.

- He shuffles around in his chair.

- He grinned and shuffled his feet.

VB

4. shuffle shuffles shuffling shuffled
If you shuffle playing cards, you mix them up before you begin a game.

- There are various ways of shuffling and dealing the cards.

VB

5. shuffle shuffles shuffling shuffled
If you shuffle things such as pieces of paper, you move them around so that they are in a different order.

- The silence lengthened as Thorne unnecessarily shuffled some papers.

VB

shuffle

verb

1.

scuffle

drag

scrape

shamble

2.

rearrange

disarrange

disorder

jumble

mix

shun

[D.J.:ʃʌn]

[K.K.:ʃʌn]

vt.

避开, 回避, 避免

shun *

shun shuns shunning shunned
If you shun someone or something, you deliberately avoid them or keep away from them.

- From that time forward everybody shunned him.

- He has always shunned publicity.

- This extremist organization has shunned conventional politics.

VB
= avoid

shun

verb

avoid

keep away from

steer clear of

shunt

[D.J.:ʃʌnt]

[K.K.:ʃʌnt]

vt. & vi.

把(铁路货车等)调到另一轨道上;使转轨

shunted

分路的

shunting

[ˈʃʌntiŋ]

n.

分流

shunt *

1. shunt shunts shunting shunted
If a person or thing is shunted somewhere, they are moved or sent there, usually because someone finds them inconvenient.

- He has spent most of his life being shunted between his mother, father and various foster families.

- Independent thinkers are shunted into minor jobs or refused promotion.

VB: usu passive disapproval

2. shunt shunts shunting shunted
When railway engines shunt wagons or carriages, they push or pull them from one railway line to another.

- The GM diesel engine shunted the coaches to Platform 4.

VB

shush

[D.J.:ʃʌʃ]

[K.K.:ʃʌʃ]

int. & vi.

嘘,别出声

shush

1. shush
You say shush when you are telling someone to be quiet.

- Shush! Here he comes. I'll talk to you later.

CONVENTION

2. shush shushes shushing shushed
If you shush someone, you tell them to be quiet by saying `shush' or `sh', or by indicating in some other way that you want them to be quiet.

- Frannie shushed her with a forefinger to the lips.

VB

shut

[D.J.:ʃʌt]

[K.K.:ʃʌt]

vt. & vi.

关, 关上

shut ***

1. shut shuts shutting
If you shut something such as a door or if it shuts , it moves so that it fills a hole or a space.

- Just make sure you shut the gate after you.

- The screen door shut gently.

V-ERG The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= close

2. shut
Also an adjective.

- They have warned residents to stay inside and keep their doors and windows shut.

- The exit doors were locked shut.

ADJ: v-link ADJ The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

3. shut shuts shutting
If you shut your eyes, you lower your eyelids so that you cannot see anything.

- Lucy shut her eyes so she wouldn't see it happen.

VB The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= close

4. shut
Also an adjective.

- His eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.

ADJ: v-link ADJ The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

5. shut shuts shutting
If your mouth shuts or if you shut your mouth, you place your lips firmly together.

- Daniel's mouth opened, and then shut again.

- He opened and shut his mouth, unspeaking.

V-ERG The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

6. shut
Also an adjective.

- She was silent for a moment, lips tight shut, eyes distant.

ADJ: v-link ADJ The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

7. shut shuts shutting
When a store, bar, or other public building shuts or when someone shuts it, it is closed and you cannot use it until it is open again.

- There is a tendency to shut museums or shops at a moment's notice.

- Shops usually shut from noon-3pm, and stay open late.

- What time do the pubs shut?

V-ERG The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= close

8. shut
Also an adjective.

- Make sure you have food to tide you over when the local shop may be shut.

ADJ: v-link ADJ The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= closed

9. shut
If you say that someone shuts their eyes to something, you mean that they deliberately ignore something which they should deal with.

- We shut our eyes to the plainest facts, refusing to admit the truth.

- She was shutting her eyes to reality, just as she had done after Matthew died.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle disapproval

10. shut
If someone tells you to keep your mouth shut about something, they are telling you not to let anyone else know about it.

- I don't have to tell you how important it is for you to keep your mouth shut about all this.

- He paid my brother to kill Norton and keep his mouth shut.

PHR: V inflects The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

11. shut
If you keep your mouth shut , you do not express your opinions about something, even though you would like to.

- If she had kept her mouth shut she would still have her job now.

PHR: V inflects The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

12. shut
If someone tells you to shut your mouth or shut your face , they are telling you very rudely to stop talking. (INFORMAL, RUDE)

- `Oi, shut your mouth and have respect for elders,' Langda said to the boy.

PHR: N inflects The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle disapproval

shut

verb

close

fasten

seal

secure

slam

shut away ***

shut away shuts away; shutting away
If you shut yourself away , you avoid going out and seeing other people, usually because you are feeling depressed.

- Depressed and ill, he had again shut himself away in his darkened studio.

PHR-V The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

shut down ***

shut down shuts down; shutting down
If a factory or business shuts down or if someone shuts it down , work there stops or it no longer trades as a business.

- Smaller contractors had been forced to shut down.

- It is required by law to shut down banks which it regards as chronically short of capital.

- Mr Buzetta sold the newspaper's assets to its competitor and shut it down.

PHR-V-ERG The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
See also shutdown .

shut down

verb

1.

stop

halt

switch off

2.

close

shut up

shut in ***

1. shut in shuts in; shutting in
If you shut someone or something in a room, you close the door so that they cannot leave it.

- The door enables us to shut the birds in the shelter in bad weather.

PHR-V The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. shut in shuts in; shutting in
If you shut yourself in a room, you stay in there and make sure nobody else can get in.

- After one particular bad result, he shut himself in the shower room for an hour.

- He shut himself in his office, telling his secretary to hold all calls.

PHR-V The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

shut off ***

1. shut off shuts off; shutting off
If you shut off something such as an engine or an electrical item, you turn it off to stop it working.

- They pulled over and shut off the engine.

- Will somebody for God's sake shut that alarm off.

PHR-V The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= switch off

2. shut off shuts off; shutting off
If you shut yourself off , you avoid seeing other people, usually because you are feeling depressed.

- Billy tends to keep things to himself more and shut himself off.

- She shut herself off from all the social aspects of life.

PHR-V The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

3. shut off shuts off; shutting off
If an official organization shuts off the supply of something, they no longer send it to the people they supplied in the past.

- The State Water Project has shut off all supplies to farmers.

PHR-V The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

shut out ***

1. shut out shuts out; shutting out
If you shut something or someone out , you prevent them from getting into a place, for example by closing the doors.

- `I shut him out of the bedroom,' says Maureen.

- I was set to shut out anyone else who came knocking.

PHR-V The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

2. shut out shuts out; shutting out
If you shut out a thought or a feeling, you prevent yourself from thinking or feeling it.

- I shut out the memory which was too painful to dwell on.

- The figures represent such overwhelming human misery that the mind wants to shut it out.

PHR-V The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle
= block out

3. shut out shuts out; shutting out
If you shut someone out of something, you prevent them from having anything to do with it.

- She is very reclusive, to the point of shutting me out of her life.

- They refused to allow Republicans to offer amendments, effectively shutting them out of the process.

- She had effectively shut him out by refusing to listen.

PHR-V The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

shut out

verb

exclude

bar

debar

keep out

lock out

shut up ***

shut up shuts up; shutting up
If someone shuts up or if someone shuts them up , they stop talking. You can say `shut up' to tell a person to stop talking.

- Just shut up, will you?.

- I don't feel like shutting up; I think statements about injustice should be made.

- A sharp verbal put-down was the only way he knew of shutting her up.

PHR-V-ERG The form shut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle

shut up

verb

1.

be quiet

fall silent

gag

hold one's tongue

hush

silence

2.

confine

cage

coop up

immure

imprison

incarcerate

shutdown

[D.J.:ˈʃʌtdaun]

[K.K.:ˈʃʌtˌdaʊn]

n.

关闭, 倒闭

shutdown *

shutdown shutdowns
A shutdown is the closing of a factory, shop, or other business, either for a short time or for ever.

- The shutdown is the latest in a series of painful budget measures.

- All seven plants have had temporary shutdowns this year.

N-COUNT

shut-eye

[D.J.:ˈʃʌtˌaɪ]

[K.K.:ˈʃʌtˌaɪ]

n.

一觉,睡眠

shut-eye

shut-eye
Shut-eye is sleep. (INFORMAL)

- Go home and get some shut-eye, Craig.

N-UNCOUNT also shuteye .
= sleep

shut-in

[D.J.:ˈʃʌtin]

[K.K.:ˈʃʌtˌɪn]

n.

(因病弱或天气不好而)被关在屋内的人

adj.

被关在屋内的,诡密的,被围在中间的

shut-in

shut-in shut-ins
A shut-in is someone who is ill for a long time, and has to stay in bed or at home. (AM)

- ...Meals on Wheels or similar programs that bring outside life to shut-ins.

N-COUNT

shutter

[D.J.:ˈʃʌtə]

[K.K.:ˈʃʌtɚ]

n.

百叶窗

(照相机的)快门

shutter *

1. shutter shutters
The shutter in a camera is the part which opens to allow light through the lens when a photograph is taken.

- There are a few things you should check before pressing the shutter release.

- ...a slow shutter speed.

N-COUNT

2. shutter shutters
Shutters are wooden or metal covers fitted on the outside of a window. They can be opened to let in the light, or closed to keep out the sun or the cold.

- She opened the shutters and gazed out over village roofs.

N-COUNT: usu pl

shuttered

1. shuttered
A shuttered window, room, or building has its shutters closed.

- I opened a shuttered window.

- Schools and government offices have been closed, and many shops remain shuttered.

ADJ

2. shuttered
A shuttered window, room, or building has shutters fitted to it.

- The stone-built property is in good condition, with a new tiled roof, shuttered windows and electric heating.

- ...green-shuttered colonial villas.

ADJ: ADJ n

shuttle

[D.J.:ˈʃʌtl]

[K.K.:ˈʃʌtl]

n.

航天飞机

短程穿梭运行的飞机(或火车, 汽车)

(织机的)梭子

vt. & vi.

穿梭般来回移动

shuttle **

1. shuttle shuttles
A shuttle is the same as a space shuttle .
N-COUNT

2. shuttle shuttles
A shuttle is a plane, bus, or train which makes frequent journeys between two places.

- ...the BA shuttle to Glasgow.

- ...shuttle flights between London and Manchester.

N-COUNT: oft N n

3. shuttle shuttles shuttling shuttled
If someone or something shuttles or is shuttled from one place to another place, they frequently go from one place to the other.

- He and colleagues have shuttled back and forth between the three capitals.

- Machine parts were also being shuttled across the border without authorisation.

V-ERG

4. shuttle shuttles
A shuttle is a piece of equipment used in weaving. It takes a thread backwards and forwards over the other threads in order to make a piece of cloth.
N-COUNT

shuttle

verb

go back and forth

alternate

commute

go to and fro

shuttlecock

[D.J.:ˈʃʌtlkɔk]

[K.K.:ˈʃʌtlˌkɑk]

n.

羽毛球

shuttlecock

shuttlecock shuttlecocks
A shuttlecock is the small object that you hit over the net in a game of badminton. It is rounded at one end and has real or artificial feathers fixed in the other end.
N-COUNT

shuttle diplomacy

shuttle diplomacy
Shuttle diplomacy is the movement of diplomats between countries whose leaders refuse to talk directly to each other, in order to try to settle the argument between them.

- UN mediators are conducting shuttle diplomacy between the two sides.

N-UNCOUNT

shied

[D.J.:ʃaɪd]

[K.K.:ʃaɪd]

v.

shy的过去式或过去分词;(指马)惊退

shy

[D.J.:ʃai]

[K.K.:ʃaɪ]

adj.

怕羞的; 腼腆的

害羞的; 胆怯的

有戒心的, 不喜欢…的

〈美〉缺乏的; 不足的

vi.

惊退, 畏缩

shyer

畏缩不前的人;胆小的马,易受惊的马

shyly

[D.J.:ˈʃaɪlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈʃaɪlɪ]

adv.

羞怯地;胆怯地;小心地

shyness

[D.J.:ˈʃaɪnɪs]

[K.K.:ˈʃaɪnɪs]

n.

害臊,羞怯;胆怯

shy **

1. shy shyer shyest
A shy person is nervous and uncomfortable in the company of other people.

- She was a shy, quiet-spoken girl.

- She was a shy and retiring person off-stage.

- He is painfully shy of women.

ADJ-GRADED

2. shyly

- The children smiled shyly.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v

3. shyness

- Eventually he overcame his shyness.

N-UNCOUNT

4. shy shyer shyest
If you are shy of doing something, you are unwilling to do it because you are afraid of what might happen.

- You should not be shy of having your say in the running of the school.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ of -ing

5. shy shies shying shied
When a horse shies , it moves away suddenly, because something has frightened it.

- Llewelyn's stallion shied as the wind sent sparks flying.

VB

6. shy
You say ` once bitten, twice shy ' when you want to indicate that someone will not do something a second time because they had a bad experience the first time they did it.
PHR

7. shy
If you fight shy of something, you try very hard to avoid it.

- It is no use fighting shy of publicity and then complaining when sponsors pass us by.

- Until now television had fought shy of covering by-elections.

PHR: V inflects

8. shy
A number or amount that is just shy of another number or amount is just under it.

- ...a high-school dropout rate just shy of 53%...

- He died two days shy of his 95th birthday.

PHR-PREP
= short of

shy

adjective Informal

1.

timid

bashful

coy

diffident

retiring

self-conscious

self-effacing

shrinking

2.

cautious

chary

distrustful

hesitant

suspicious

wary

verb

sometimes with off {or} away 3.

recoil

balk

draw back

flinch

start

shy

verb

throw

cast

fling

hurl

pitch

sling

toss

shyness

noun

timidness

bashfulness

diffidence

lack of confidence

self-consciousness

timidity

timorousness

shy away from **

shy away shies away; shying away; shied away
If you shy away from doing something, you avoid doing it, often because you are afraid or not confident enough.

- We frequently shy away from making decisions.

- Alan doesn't shy away from controversy.

PHR-V

-shy

-shy
-shy is added to nouns to form adjectives which indicate that someone does not like a particular thing, and tries to avoid it. For example, someone who is camera-shy does not like having their photograph taken.

- They are normally camera-shy but found themselves in the spotlight yesterday after their spectacular resolution of an apparently insoluble problem.

- The publicity-shy singer spoke frankly in his first interview in three years.

COMB in ADJ

shyster

[D.J.:ˈʃaɪstə]

[K.K.:ˈʃaɪstɚ]

n.

不择手段的律师

shyster

shyster shysters
If you refer to someone, especially a lawyer or politician, as a shyster , you mean that they are dishonest and immoral. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)
N-COUNT disapproval

Siamese cat

Siamese cat Siamese cats
A Siamese cat is a type of cat with short cream and brown fur, blue eyes, dark ears, and a dark tail.
N-COUNT

Siamese twin

Siamese twin Siamese twins
Siamese twins are twins who are born with their bodies joined.
N-COUNT

sibilant

[D.J.:ˈsɪbələnt]

[K.K.:ˈsɪbələnt]

adj.

(像)发咝咝声的

n.

发咝音的语音或字母

sibilant

sibilant
Sibilant sounds are soft `s' sounds. (FORMAL)

- A sibilant murmuring briefly pervaded the room.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

sibling

[D.J.:ˈsɪblɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsɪblɪŋ]

n.

兄弟,姐妹

siblings

同科

sibling *

sibling siblings
Your siblings are your brothers and sisters. (FORMAL)

- His siblings are mostly in their early twenties.

- Sibling rivalry often causes parents anxieties.

N-COUNT

sic

[D.J.:sik]

[K.K.:sɪk]

vt. & vi.

使(狗等)去攻击; 追击

sic **

sic
You write sic in brackets after a word or expression when you want to indicate to the reader that although the word looks odd or wrong, you intended to write it like that or the original writer wrote it like that.

- The latest school jobs page advertises a `wide rnage (sic) of 6th form courses.'

Sicilian

[siˈsiljən]

n.

西西里岛人

adj.

西西里岛的,西西里岛人的

Sicilian *

1. Sicilian
Sicilian means belonging or relating to Sicily, or to its people or culture.

- ...the Sicilian village of Corleone.

ADJ

2. Sicilian Sicilians
A Sicilian is a Sicilian citizen, or a person of Sicilian origin.
N-COUNT

sick

[D.J.:sik]

[K.K.:sɪk]

adj.

不舒服的; 有病的, 患病的

恶心的; 想吐的

腻烦的, 厌恶的, 讨厌的

心烦意乱的, 恼火的, 不高兴的

n.

〈口〉呕吐物

sicker

[ˈsikə]

adj.

住院病人安全的;可靠的

adv.

确实地,可靠地

sick ***

1. sick sicker sickest
If you are sick , you are ill. Sick usually means physically ill, but it can sometimes be used to mean mentally ill.

- He's very sick. He needs medication.

- She found herself with two small children, a sick husband, and no money.

- He was not evil, but he was sick.

ADJ-GRADED
= ill

2. sick
The sick are people who are sick.

- There were no doctors to treat the sick.

N-PLURAL: the N

3. sick sicker sickest
If you are sick , the food that you have eaten comes up from your stomach and out of your mouth. If you feel sick , you feel as if you are going to be sick.

- She got up and was sick in the handbasin.

- The very thought of food made him feel sick.

- Orange juice makes him sick so don't give it to him.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ

4. sick
Sick is vomit . (BRIT, INFORMAL)
N-UNCOUNT

5. sick sicker sickest
If you say that you are sick of something or sick and tired of it, you are emphasizing that you are very annoyed by it and want it to stop. (INFORMAL)

- I am sick and tired of hearing all these people moaning.

- Most people here are sick of violence.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of n/-ing emphasis
= fed up

6. sick sicker sickest
If you describe something such as a joke or story as sick , you mean that it deals with death or suffering in an unpleasantly humorous way.

- ...a sick joke about a cat...

- That's really sick.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

7. sick
If you say that something or someone makes you sick , you mean that they make you feel angry or disgusted. (INFORMAL)

- It makes me sick that young people commit offences time after time and never seem to get punished.

- The British press makes me sick.

PHR: V inflects, oft it PHR that

8. sick
If you are off sick , you are not at work because you are ill.

- When we are off sick, we only receive half pay.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

9. sick
If you say that you are worried sick , you are emphasizing that you are extremely worried. (INFORMAL)

- He was worried sick about what our mothers would say.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

sick

adjective

1.

nauseous

ill

nauseated

queasy

2.

unwell

ailing

diseased

indisposed

poorly informal

under the weather

3.

morbid

black

ghoulish

macabre

sadistic

sick of

4.

tired

bored

fed up

jaded

weary

sick bay

sick bay sick bays
A sick bay is an area, especially on a ship or navy base, or in Britain in a school or university, where medical treatment is given and where beds are provided for people who are ill.

- ...a free 16-bed sick bay for students needing continuous care...

- You'd better go to Sick Bay.

N-COUNT: also prep N also sick-bay .

sickbed

[D.J.:ˈsikbed]

[K.K.:ˈsɪkˌbɛd]

n.

病床,卧床

sickbed

sickbed sickbeds
Your sickbed is the bed that you are lying in while you are ill.

- Michael left his sickbed to entertain his house guests.

N-COUNT: usu poss N also sick-bed .

sick building syndrome

sick building syndrome
Sick building syndrome is a group of conditions, including headaches, sore eyes, and tiredness, which people who work in offices may experience because the air there is not healthy to breathe.

- Built-up static contributes to sick building syndrome.

N-UNCOUNT

sicken

[D.J.:ˈsɪkən]

[K.K.:ˈsɪkən]

vt. & vi.

(使)生病

使厌恶;使恶心

sickening

[D.J.:ˈsɪkənɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsɪkənɪŋ]

adj.

令人厌恶的;讨厌的

sicken *

1. sicken sickens sickening sickened
If something sickens you, it makes you feel disgusted.

- The notion that art should be controlled by intellectuals sickened him.

- What he saw there sickened him, despite all his years of police work.

VB
= disgust

2. sicken sickens sickening sickened
If you sicken , you become ill. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- Many of them sickened and died.

VB

sickening *

1. sickening
You describe something as sickening when it gives you feelings of horror or disgust, or makes you feel sick in your stomach.

- This was a sickening attack on a pregnant and defenceless woman.

- He described the Foreign Office's decision as sickening and cynical.

ADJ-GRADED

2. sickeningly

- The interview was offensive and sickeningly irresponsible.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV adj/adv

sicken

verb Informal

1.

disgust

gross out U.S. slang

nauseate

repel

revolt

turn one's stomach

2.

fall ill

ail

take sick

sickening

adjective

disgusting

distasteful

foul

loathsome

nauseating

offensive

repulsive

revolting

stomach-turning informal

yucky or yukky slang

sickie

[D.J.:ˈsiki]

[K.K.:ˈsɪki]

n.

①〈美〉〈俚〉精神病患者；道德败坏者②〈澳〉〈口〉一天的病假

sickie

sickie sickies
If someone takes a sickie , they take a day off work saying that they are ill, especially when they are not actually ill. (INFORMAL)

- Broughton took a sickie on Monday to paint his fence.

N-COUNT

sickle

[D.J.:ˈsɪkəl]

[K.K.:ˈsɪkəl]

n.

镰刀

sickle *

sickle sickles
A sickle is a tool that is used for cutting grass and grain crops. It has a short handle and a long curved blade.
N-COUNT

sick leave

sick leave
Sick leave is the time that a person spends away from work because of illness or injury.

- I have been on sick leave for seven months with depression.

N-UNCOUNT: oft on N

sickle-cell anaemia

sickle-cell anaemia
Sickle-cell anaemia is an inherited illness in which the red blood cells become curved, causing a number of health problems.
N-UNCOUNT (AM) sickle-cell anemia

sicklily

[ˈsiklili]

adj.

有病的,苍白的,惨淡的,疾病流行的,令人作呕的,多病的

sickliness

[ˈsiklinis]

n.

多病

sickly

[D.J.:ˈsɪkli:]

[K.K.:ˈsɪkli]

adj.

有病的;多病的;不健康的

无力的;弱的

令人作呕的；使人厌恶的

sicklily

adv.

不健康地

sickliness

n.

不健康;多病;无力

sickly *

1. sickly sicklier sickliest
A sickly person or animal is weak, unhealthy, and often ill.

- He had been a sickly child.

ADJ-GRADED

2. sickly sicklier sickliest
A sickly smell or taste is unpleasant and makes you feel slightly sick, often because it is extremely sweet.

- ...the sickly smell of rum.

ADJ-GRADED

3. sickly sicklier sickliest
A sickly colour or light is unpleasantly pale or weak.

- Wallpapers designed specifically for children are too often available only in sickly pastel shades.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

sickly

adjective

1.

unhealthy

ailing

delicate

faint

feeble

infirm

pallid

peaky

wan

weak

2.

nauseating

cloying

mawkish

sickness

[D.J.:ˈsɪknɪs]

[K.K.:ˈsɪknɪs]

n.

疾病

恶心；呕吐

弊病；(社会等的)不健全状态

sickness **

1. sickness
Sickness is the state of being ill or unhealthy.

- In fifty-two years of working he had one week of sickness.

- There appears to be another outbreak of sickness among seals in the North Sea.

N-UNCOUNT

2. sickness
Sickness is the uncomfortable feeling that you are going to vomit.

- He felt a great rush of sickness.

- After a while, the sickness gradually passed and she struggled to the mirror.

N-UNCOUNT
= nausea

See also morning sickness , travel sickness .

3. sickness sicknesses
A sickness is a particular illness.

- More than 930 local people are registered as suffering from radiation sickness.

N-VAR

sickness

noun

1.

illness

affliction

ailment

bug informal

complaint

disease

disorder

malady

2.

nausea

queasiness

vomiting

sickness benefit

sickness benefit
Sickness benefit is money that you receive regularly from the government when you are unable to work because of illness. (BRIT)
N-UNCOUNT

sick note

sick note sick notes
A sick note is an official note signed by a doctor which states that someone is ill and needs to stay off work for a particular period of time.
N-COUNT

sick pay

sick pay
When you are ill and unable to work, sick pay is the money that you get from your employer instead of your normal wages.

- ...if they are not eligible for sick pay.

N-UNCOUNT

sickroom

[D.J.:ˈsikru:m,ˈsikrum]

[K.K.:ˈsɪkˌrum, -ˌrʊm]

n.

病房

sickroom

sickroom sickrooms
A sickroom is a room in which a sick person is lying in bed.

- Close friends were allowed into the sickroom now, provided they didn't stay too long.

N-COUNT also sick room .

side

[D.J.:said]

[K.K.:saɪd]

n.

面; 侧面; 边

方面

一方, 一边

adj.

侧面的, 边的

枝节的, 次要的

vi.

支持, 站在…的一边

sided

[D.J.:ˈsaidid]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdɪd]

adj.

有边的,有面的

sides

[saidz]

n.

侧

siding

[D.J.:ˈsaidiŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdɪŋ]

n.

铁路的侧线,旁轨

side *****

1. side sides
The side of something is a position to the left or right of it, rather than in front of it, behind it, or on it.

- On one side of the main entrance there's a red plaque.

- ...a photograph with me in the centre and Joe and Ken on each side of me.

- ...the nations on either side of the Pacific...

- There's nothing but woods on the other side of the highway.

- There has been a build-up of troops on both sides of the border.

- To the side of the large star is a smaller star.

- PC Dacre knocked on Webb's door and, opening it, stood to one side.

N-COUNT: usu prep N of n

2. side sides
The side of an object, building, or vehicle is any of its flat surfaces which is not considered to be its front, its back, its top, or its bottom.

- We put a notice on the side of the box.

- ...a van bearing on its side the name of a company...

- There was a stone staircase against the side of the house.

- A carton of milk lay on its side.

- ...a huge vacation house on the side of a mountain.

N-COUNT: usu with poss

3. side sides
The sides of a hollow or a container are its inside vertical surfaces.

- The rough rock walls were like the sides of a deep canal.

- Line the base of the dish with greaseproof paper and lightly grease the sides.

- ...narrow valleys with steep sides.

N-COUNT

4. side sides
The sides of an area or surface are its edges.

- Park on the side of the road.

- ...a small beach on the north side of the peninsula...

- Coyne slid his legs over the side of the bed.

N-COUNT: usu prep N of n
= edge

5. side sides
The two sides of an area, surface, or object are its two halves.

- She turned over on her stomach on the other side of the bed.

- The major centre for language is in the left side of the brain.

- ...the right side of your face.

N-COUNT: usu prep N of n
= half

6. side sides
The two sides of a road are its two halves on which traffic travels in opposite directions.

- It had gone on to the wrong side of the road and hit a car coming in the other direction.

N-COUNT

7. side sides
If you talk about the other side of a town or of the world, you mean a part of the town or of the world that is very far from where you are.

- He lives the other side of London.

- He saw the ship that was to transport them to the other side of the world.

- Are you working on this side of the city?

N-COUNT: with supp

8. side sides
Your sides are the parts of your body between your front and your back, from under your arms to your hips.

- His arms were limp at his sides.

- They had laid him on his side.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

9. side sides
If someone is by your side or at your side , they stay near you and give you comfort or support.

- He was constantly at his wife's side.

- He calls me 20 times a day and needs me by his side in the evening.

- He was too sick to travel to his son's side.

N-COUNT: usu sing, by/at poss N

10. side sides
The two sides of something flat, for example a piece of paper, are its two flat surfaces. You can also refer to one side of a piece of paper filled with writing as one side of writing.

- The new copiers only copy onto one side of the paper.

- Fry the chops until brown on both sides.

- Your cv should be short -- two sides of a sheet of A4 paper should normally be enough.

N-COUNT

11. side sides
One side of a tape or record is what you can hear or record if you play the tape or record from beginning to end without turning it over.

- We want to hear side A.

- In those days symphonies were recorded on both sides of four twelve-inch records.

N-COUNT

12. side sides
A side of beef, bacon, or other meat consists of the meat from half the animal cut along its backbone.
N-COUNT: N of n

13. side
Side is used to describe things that are not the main or most important ones of their kind.

- She slipped in and out of the theatre by a side door.

- ...a prawn curry with a lentil side dish.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ main

14. side sides
The different sides in a war, argument, or negotiation are the groups of people who are opposing each other.

- Both sides appealed for a new ceasefire.

- Any solution must be acceptable to all sides.

- ...the elections which his side lost...

- The other side denied that any money was owed to me.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

15. side sides
The different sides of an argument or deal are the different points of view or positions involved in it.

- His words drew sharp reactions from people on both sides of the issue.

- ...those with the ability to see all sides of a question...

- We shall be able to tell whether you've kept your side of the bargain.

N-COUNT: usu N of n

16. side sides siding sided
If one person or country sides with another, they support them in an argument or a war. If people or countries side against another person or country, they support each other against them.

- There has been much speculation that America might be siding with the rebels.

- You need to confront those who have sided against you.

VB

17. side sides
In sport, a side is a team. (BRIT; in AM use team )

- Italy were definitely a better side than West Germany.

- The captain made the decision to include four men in their 40s in his side.

N-COUNT: usu with supp
= team

18. side sides
A particular side of something such as a situation or someone's character is one aspect of it.

- He is in charge of the civilian side of the UN mission.

- It shows that your child can now see the funny side of things.

- There's a puritanical side to me.

- Anxiety has a mental and a physical side.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

19. side sides
The mother's side and the father's side of your family are your mother's relatives and your father's relatives.

- So was your father's side more well off?

- ...a relative on the maternal side of his family.

N-COUNT: usu supp N

20. side
If two people or things are side by side , they are next to each other.

- We sat side by side on two wicker seats.

- Put the eggplants side by side in a serving dish.

PHR: usu PHR after v

21. side
If people work or live side by side , they work or live closely together in a friendly way.

- ...areas where different nationalities have lived side by side for centuries...

- We're usually working side by side with the men.

PHR: usu PHR after v
= shoulder to shoulder

22. side
If you say that someone has let the side down , you mean that they have embarrassed their family or friends by behaving badly or not doing well at something. (BRIT)

- Brown was constantly letting the side down.

PHR: V inflects

23. side
If something moves from side to side , it moves repeatedly to the left and to the right.

- She was shaking her head from side to side.

PHR: PHR after v

24. side
If you are on someone's side , you are supporting them in an argument or a war.

- He has the Democrats on his side.

- Get that employee on your side and then work together towards a solution.

- Some of the younger people seem to be on the side of reform.

PHR: PHR after v

25. side
If something is on your side or if you have it on your side , it helps you when you are trying to achieve something.

- The weather is rather on our side.

- The law is not on their side.

PHR: PHR after v, v-link PHR

26. side
If you get on the wrong side of someone, you do something to annoy them and make them dislike you. If you stay on the right side of someone, you try to please them and avoid annoying them.

- I wouldn't like to get on the wrong side of him.

- You'll need to get on the right side of Carmela.

PHR: usu PHR after v

27. side
If you say that something is on the small side , you are saying politely that you think it is slightly too small. If you say that someone is on the young side , you are saying politely that you think they are slightly too young.

- He's quiet and a bit on the shy side.

PHR: usu v-link PHR politeness

28. side
If someone does something on the side , they do it in addition to their main work.

- ...ways of making a little bit of money on the side.

PHR: usu PHR after v

29. side
If you have one type of food with another food on the side , you have an amount of the second food served with the first. (mainly AM)

- Serve a bowl of warm tomato sauce on the side for dipping, if desired.

PHR: usu PHR after n

30. side
If you put something to one side or put it on one side , you temporarily ignore it in order to concentrate on something else.

- In order to maintain profit margins health and safety regulations are often put to one side.

PHR: V inflects

31. side
If you take someone to one side or draw them to one side , you speak to them privately, usually in order to give them advice or a warning.

- He took Sabrina to one side and told her about the safe.

PHR: V inflects

32. side
If you take sides or take someone's side in an argument or war, you support one of the sides against the other.

- We cannot take sides in a civil war.

- See? You're taking his side again.

PHR: V inflects

33. side
If you say that something will not happen this side of a date or event, you mean that it will not happen before that date or event.

- A race between the two is now unlikely to take place this side of the world championships.

PHR-PREP: PREP n
= before

siding

1. siding sidings
A siding is a short railway track beside the main tracks, where engines and carriages are left when they are not being used.
N-COUNT

2. siding
Siding is a wooden or metal covering on the outside walls of a building. (AM)
N-UNCOUNT

side

noun

1.

border

boundary

division

edge

limit

margin

perimeter

rim

sector

verge

2.

part

aspect

face

facet

flank

hand

surface

view

3.

party

camp

cause

faction

sect

team

4.

point of view

angle

opinion

position

slant

stand

standpoint

viewpoint

5.

conceit

airs

arrogance

adjective

6.

subordinate

ancillary

incidental

lesser

marginal

minor

secondary

subsidiary

verb

usually with with 7.

support

ally with

favour

go along with

take the part of

sidearm

[D.J.:ˈsaidɑ:m]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdˌɑrm]

adj.

侧投球的

sidearm

sidearm sidearms
Sidearms are weapons, usually small guns, that you can wear on a belt.

- Two guards with sidearms patrolled the wall.

N-COUNT: usu pl

sideboard

[D.J.:ˈsaɪdˌbɔ:d, -ˌbəʊrd]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

餐具橱, 餐柜

sideboards

n.

络腮胡子

sideboard

1. sideboard sideboards
A sideboard is a long cupboard which is about the same height as a table. Sideboards are usually kept in dining rooms to put plates and glasses in.
N-COUNT

2. sideboard sideboards
Sideboards are the same as sideburns . (BRIT)
N-PLURAL

sideburns

[D.J.:ˈsaɪdˌbɜ:nz]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdˌbɚnz]

n.

连鬓胡子,鬓脚

sideburns

sideburns
If a man has sideburns , he has a strip of hair growing down the side of each cheek.

- ...a young man with long sideburns.

N-PLURAL

sidecar

[D.J.:ˈsaidkɑ:]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdˌkɑr]

n.

轻快的双轮马车,(附于摩托车旁的)边车,跨斗

sidecar

sidecar sidecars
A sidecar is a kind of box with wheels which you can attach to the side of a motorcycle so that you can carry a passenger in it.
N-COUNT

-sided

-sided
-sided combines with numbers or adjectives to describe how many sides something has, or what kind of sides something has.

- ...a three-sided pyramid...

- We drove up a steep-sided valley.

COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n
See also one-sided .

side dish

side dish side dishes
A side dish is an amount of a particular food that is served at the same time as the main dish.

- These mushrooms would make a delicious side dish to serve with grilled chicken.

N-COUNT

side-effect

n.

副作用

side-effect **

1. side-effect side-effects
The side-effects of a drug are the effects, usually bad ones, that the drug has on you in addition to its function of curing illness or pain.

- The treatment has a whole host of extremely unpleasant side-effects including weight gain, acne, skin rashes and headaches.

- Most patients suffer no side-effects.

N-COUNT: usu pl also side effect .

2. side-effect side-effects
A side-effect of a situation is something unplanned and usually unpleasant that happens in addition to the main effects of that situation.

- One side effect of modern life is stress.

- In Eastern Europe, one of the side effects of freedom appears to be crime.

N-COUNT: usu N of n/-ing also side effect .

sidefoot

[ˈsaidfut]

v.

(足球)用脚侧踢(球)

sidefoot

1. sidefoot sidefoots sidefooting sidefooted
In soccer, if a player sidefoots the ball, they kick it with the side of their foot. (BRIT, JOURNALISM)

- Currie sidefooted his first goal of the season.

VB

2. sidefoot sidefoots
Also a noun.

- Anthony scored with a simple sidefoot.

N-COUNT: usu sing

side issue

side issue side issues
A side issue is an issue or subject that is not considered to be as important as the main one.

- I must forget these side issues and remember my mission.

N-COUNT

sidekick

[D.J.:ˈsaɪdˌkɪk]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdˌkɪk]

n.

伙伴,插袋

sidekick

sidekick sidekicks
Someone's sidekick is a person who accompanies them and helps them, and who you consider to be less intelligent or less important than the other person. (INFORMAL)

- His sons, brother and nephews were his armed sidekicks.

- ...a dim-witted sidekick.

N-COUNT: oft poss N

sidelight

[D.J.:ˈsaidˌlait]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdˌlaɪt]

n.

侧面射进来的光线,侧灯,舷灯,拾零,杂闻,间接说明

sidelight

1. sidelight sidelights
The sidelights on a vehicle are the small lights at the front that help other drivers to notice the vehicle and to judge its width. (BRIT; in AM usually use parking lights )
N-COUNT

2. sidelight sidelights
The sidelights on a vehicle are lights on its sides. (AM)
N-COUNT

3. sidelight sidelights
A sidelight on a particular situation is a piece of information about that situation which is interesting but which is not particularly important.

- The book's interspersed with interesting and often amusing sidelights on his family background.

N-COUNT: oft N on n

sideline

[D.J.:ˈsaɪdˌlaɪn]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdˌlaɪn]

n.

副业;兼职

sidelining

[ˈsaidlainiŋ]

n.

侧[边]内衬

sideline *

1. sideline sidelines
A sideline is something that you do in addition to your main job in order to earn extra money.

- It was quite a lucrative sideline.

- Mr. Means sold computer disks as a sideline.

N-COUNT

2. sideline sidelines
The sidelines are the lines marking the long sides of the playing area, for example on a football field, soccer pitch, or tennis court.
N-PLURAL

3. sideline sidelines
If you are on the sidelines in a situation, you do not influence events at all, either because you have chosen not to be involved, or because other people have not involved you.

- France no longer wants to be left on the sidelines when critical decisions are taken.

- He has watched from the sidelines the great developments unrolling in Eastern Europe.

- The government has just stood on the sidelines up to now and let the situation get worse.

N-PLURAL: the N, usu on/from N

4. sideline sidelines sidelining sidelined
If someone or something is sidelined, they are made to seem unimportant and not included in what people are doing.

- For months he had been under pressure to resign and was about to be sidelined anyway.

- What they fear is that environment policy will be sidelined until it is too late.

VB: usu passive

5. sideline sidelines sidelining sidelined
In sports, if a player is sidelined , he or she is prevented from playing for a period of time, for example because of an injury.

- Mercer will have his jaw wired up tomorrow and will be sidelined for six to eight weeks.

VB: usu passive

sidelong

[D.J.:ˈsaɪdˌlɔ:ŋ, -ˌlɔŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdˌlɔŋ, -ˌlɑŋ]

adj.

横向的;向旁的;间接的;侧面的

sidelong

sidelong
If you give someone a sidelong look, you look at them out of the corner of your eyes.

- She gave him a quick sidelong glance, then steadied her eyes on the road.

ADJ: ADJ n

sidelong

adjective Brit. slang

sideways

covert

indirect

oblique

side-on

adj.，adv.

从侧面(的)

side-on *

side-on
A side-on collision or view is a collision or view from the side of an object.

- The German car also features steel beams built into the doors for added protection against a side-on crash.

ADJ

side order

side order side orders
A side order is an amount of a food that you order in a restaurant to be served at the same time as the main dish.

- ...served with a side order of potato salad or Krauter salad.

N-COUNT

side road

side road side roads
A side road is a road which leads off a busier, more important road.
N-COUNT

side-saddle

1. side-saddle
When you ride a horse side-saddle , you sit on a special saddle with both your legs on one side rather than one leg on each side of the horse.

- Instead of riding a bicycle, Naomi was given a pony and taught to ride side-saddle.

ADV: ADV after v

2. side-saddle
Also an adjective.

- Katie Moore took the ladies' side-saddle award.

ADJ: ADJ n

side salad

side salad side salads
A side salad is a bowl of salad for one person which is served with a main meal.
N-COUNT

sideshow

[D.J.:ˈsaidʃəu]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdˌʃo]

n.

(正戏中的)穿插表演, 杂耍; 附带游乐项目

附带事件或活动; 次要问题或事情

sideshow

1. sideshow sideshows
A sideshow is a less important or less significant event or situation related to a larger, more important one that is happening at the same time.

- In the end, the meeting was a sideshow to a political storm that broke Thursday.

- Radio work for him was very much a sideshow.

N-COUNT: oft N to n also side-show .

2. sideshow sideshows
At a circus or fair, a sideshow is a performance that you watch or a game of skill that you play, that is provided in addition to the main entertainment.

- Sideshows at the championship include highland dancing and a play by The Wanlockhead Players.

N-COUNT also side-show .

side-splitting

side-splitting
Something that is side-splitting is very funny and makes you laugh a lot. (INFORMAL)

- ...a side-splitting joke.

ADJ

sidestep

[D.J.:ˈsaɪdˌstep]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdˌstɛp]

vt. & vi.

横跨一步避开

回避;避免

sidestep *

1. sidestep sidesteps sidestepping sidestepped
If you sidestep a problem, you avoid discussing it or dealing with it.

- Rarely, if ever, does he sidestep a question.

- He was trying to sidestep responsibility.

VB also side-step .
= evade

2. sidestep sidesteps sidestepping sidestepped
If you sidestep , you step sideways in order to avoid something or someone that is coming towards you or going to hit you.

- As I sidestepped, the bottle hit me on the left hip.

- He made a grab for her but she sidestepped him and kicked him.

VB also side-step .

sidestep

verb

avoid

circumvent

dodge

duck informal

evade

skirt

side street

side street side streets
A side street is a quiet, often narrow street which leads off a busier street.
N-COUNT

sideswipe

[D.J.:ˈsaidswaip]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdˌswaɪp]

v.

擦边撞击

sideswipe

sideswipe sideswipes
If you take a sideswipe at someone, you make an unexpected critical remark about them while you are talking about something else.

- Despite the increasingly hostile sideswipes at him, the Chancellor is secure in his post.

N-COUNT: usu N at n also side-swipe .

sidetrack

[D.J.:ˈsaidtræk]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdˌtræk]

n.

旁轨,侧线,次要地位

vt.

导入侧线,转移目标,使受牵制

sidetracked

[ˈsaidtrækt]

adj.

转变话题的；转向的

sidetracking

侧钻;侧钻新眼

sidetrack

sidetrack sidetracks sidetracking sidetracked
If you are sidetracked by something, it makes you forget what you intended to do or say, and start instead doing or talking about a different thing.

- He was relieved that he'd managed to avoid being sidetracked by Schneider or Matthew Armstrong's problems.

- The leadership moved to sidetrack the proposal.

- They have a tendency to try to sidetrack you from your task.

VB also side-track .

sidetrack

verb

divert

deflect

distract

sidewalk

[D.J.:ˈsaɪdˌwɔ:k]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdˌwɔk]

n.

人行道

sidewalk *

sidewalk sidewalks
A sidewalk is a path with a hard surface by the side of a road. (AM; in BRIT use pavement )

- Two men and a woman were walking briskly down the sidewalk toward him.

N-COUNT

sideways

[D.J.:ˈsaidweiz]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdˌwez]

adv.

斜着, 斜向一边

以侧面对着

adj.

斜向一边的

sideways *

1. sideways
Sideways means from or towards the side of something or someone.

- Piercey glanced sideways at her.

- The ladder blew sideways.

- He was facing sideways.

ADV: ADV after v

2. sideways
Also an adjective.

- Alfred shot him a sideways glance.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n

3. sideways
If you are moved sideways at work, you move to another job at the same level as your old job.

- He would be moved sideways, rather than demoted.

ADV: ADV after v

4. sideways
Also an adjective.

- ...her recent sideways move.

ADJ: ADJ n

5. sideways
If you are knocked sideways by something, it makes you feel very surprised, confused, or upset. (INFORMAL)

- He was knocked sideways by the result.

- A week ago I met my ex-boyfriend and it knocked us both sideways.

PHR: V inflects

sideways

adverb

1.

obliquely

edgeways

laterally

sidelong

to the side

adjective

2.

oblique

sidelong

sidle

[D.J.:ˈsaɪdl]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪdl..]

vi.

悄悄地走;偷偷地走近

sidle

sidle sidles sidling sidled
If you sidle somewhere, you walk there in a quiet or cautious way, as if you do not want anyone to notice you.

- A young man sidled up to me and said, `May I help you?'.

- He was sidling into the bar, obviously trying to be inconspicuous.

VB

sidle

verb

edge

creep

inch

slink

sneak

steal

SIDS

abbr.

sudden infant death syndrome 婴儿猝死综合征

SIDS

abbr.

sudden infant death syndrome 婴儿猝死综合征

SIDS

SIDS
SIDS is used to talk about the sudden death of a baby while it is asleep, when it had not previously been ill. SIDS is an abbreviation for `sudden infant death syndrome'.

- SIDS appears to be somewhat more common among babies who sleep on their stomachs.

N-UNCOUNT
= cot death

siege

[D.J.:si:dʒ]

[K.K.:sidʒ]

n.

围攻; 围困; 围城(期间)

siege **

1. siege sieges
A siege is a military or police operation in which soldiers or police surround a place in order to force the people there to come out or give up control of the place.

- We must do everything possible to lift the siege.

- They are hopeful of bringing the siege to a peaceful conclusion.

- The journalists found a city virtually under siege.

N-COUNT: also under N
See also state of siege .

2. siege
If police, soldiers, or journalists lay siege to a place, they surround it in order to force the people there to come out or give up control of the place.

- The rebels laid siege to the governor's residence.

- The press laid siege to the club.

PHR: V inflects, usu PHR to n

3. siege
If someone or something is under siege , they are being severely criticized or put under a great deal of pressure.

- The guy'll think he's under siege.

- Radio One is under siege from all sides.

PHR: v-link PHR

siege mentality

siege mentality
If a group of people have a siege mentality , they think that other people are constantly trying to harm or defeat them, and so they care only about protecting themselves.

- The commission said police officers had a siege mentality that isolated them from the people they served.

N-SING: also no det

siesta

[D.J.:si:ˈestə]

[K.K.:siˈɛstə]

n.

(气候炎热国家的)午睡,午休

siesta

siesta siestas
A siesta is a short sleep or rest which you have in the early afternoon, especially in hot countries.

- Many cultures have a siesta during the hottest part of the day.

N-COUNT

siesta

noun

nap

catnap

doze

forty winks informal

sleep

snooze informal

sieve

[D.J.:siv]

[K.K.:sɪv]

n.

筛, 漏勺

sieving

[ˈsiviŋ]

n.

筛(选),筛分(法)

sieve *

1. sieve sieves
A sieve is a tool used for separating solids from liquids or larger pieces of something from smaller pieces. It consists of a metal or plastic ring with a wire or plastic net underneath, which the liquid or smaller pieces pass through.

- Press the raspberries through a fine sieve to form a puree.

N-COUNT

2. sieve sieves sieving sieved
When you sieve a substance, you put it through a sieve.

- Cream the margarine in a small bowl, then sieve the icing sugar into it.

VB
= sift

sieve

noun

1.

strainer

colander

verb

2.

sift

separate

strain

sift

[D.J.:sift]

[K.K.:sɪft]

vt. & vi.

筛, 筛滤

细查, 详审

sifting

[ˈsiftiŋ]

n.

筛;过滤

sift *

1. sift sifts sifting sifted
If you sift a powder such as flour or sand, you put it through a sieve in order to remove large pieces or lumps.

- Sift the flour and baking powder into a medium-sized mixing bowl.

VB
= sieve

2. sift sifts sifting sifted
If you sift through something such as evidence, you examine it thoroughly.

- Police officers have continued to sift through the wreckage following yesterday's bomb attack.

- Brook has sifted the evidence and summarises it clearly.

VB

sift

verb

1.

sieve

filter

separate

2.

examine

analyse

go through

investigate

research

scrutinize

work over

sigh

[D.J.:sai]

[K.K.:saɪ]

vt. & vi.

叹气, 叹息

n.

叹息, 叹气

sighing

太息

sighs

叹息

sigh ***

1. sigh sighs sighing sighed
When you sigh , you let out a deep breath, as a way of expressing feelings such as disappointment, tiredness, or pleasure.

- Michael sighed wearily.

- Roberta sighed with relief.

- Dad sighed and stood up.

VB

2. sigh sighs
Also a noun.

- She kicked off her shoes with a sigh.

- Prue heaved a weary sigh.

N-COUNT

3. sigh sighs sighing sighed
If you sigh something, you say it with a sigh.

- `Oh, sorry. I forgot.' --- `Everyone forgets,' the girl sighed.

VB

4. sigh sighs sighing sighed
If the wind sighs through a place, it moves through the place with a sound like a sigh. (LITERARY)

- The wind sighed through the valley.

VB

5. sigh
If people breathe or heave a sigh of relief , they feel happy that something unpleasant has not happened or is no longer happening.

- With monetary mayhem now retreating into memory, European countries can breathe a collective sigh of relief.

- There was an audible sigh of relief in Washington when the foreign ministers decided to postpone the meeting.

PHR: sigh inflects, PHR after v

sight

[D.J.:sait]

[K.K.:saɪt]

n.

视力; 视觉

视野, 视界

看见, 瞥见

情景, 景象

风景; 名胜

vt.

看见; 发现

vt. & vi.

(用仪器)瞄准[观测, 察看]

sighted

[D.J.:ˈsaitid]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪtɪd]

adj.

看得见的; 有视力的; 非盲人的

sighting

[D.J.:ˈsaɪtɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪtɪŋ]

n.

照准; 观察;视线

sight ****

1. sight
Someone's sight is their ability to see.

- My sight is failing, and I can't see to read any more.

- I use the sense of sound much more than the sense of sight.

N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N
= vision

2. sight
The sight of something is the act of seeing it or an occasion on which you see it.

- I faint at the sight of blood.

- The sight of him entering a room could flood her with desire.

N-SING: the N of n

3. sight sights
A sight is something that you see.

- The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common sight in many parts of the city.

- We encountered the pathetic sight of a family packing up its home.

- Among the most spectacular sights are the great sea-bird colonies.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft adj N

4. sight sights sighting sighted
If you sight someone or something, you suddenly see them, often briefly.

- The security forces sighted a group of young men that had crossed the border.

- A fleet of French ships was sighted in the North Sea.

VB
= spot

5. sight sights
The sights of a weapon such as a rifle are the part which helps you aim it more accurately.
N-COUNT: usu pl

6. sight sights
The sights are the places that are interesting to see and that are often visited by tourists.

- We'd toured the sights of Paris.

- I am going to show you the sights of our wonderful city.

- Once at Elgin day-trippers visit a number of local sights.

N-PLURAL: usu the N, oft N of n

7. sight
You can use a sight to mean a lot. For example, if you say that something is a sight worse than it was before, you are emphasizing that it is much worse than it was. (INFORMAL)

- She's been no more difficult than most daughters and a sight better than some I could mention.

- We weren't doing anything different to what we've always done. We're just doing it a damn sight quicker.

ADV: ADV adj/adv emphasis

8. sight
If you catch sight of someone, you suddenly see them, often briefly.

- Then he caught sight of her small black velvet hat in the crowd.

- Every time I catch sight of myself in the mirror, I feel so disappointed.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= see

9. sight
If you say that something seems to have certain characteristics at first sight , you mean that it appears to have the features you describe when you first see it but later it is found to be different.

- It promised to be a more difficult undertaking than might appear at first sight.

- At first sight it resembles a traditional village of two-storeyed, balconied houses, set among well-tended gardens.

PHR: PHR with cl

10. sight
If something is in sight or within sight , you can see it. If it is out of sight , you cannot see it.

- The sandy beach was in sight.

- The Atlantic coast is within sight of the hotel.

- My companion suggested that we park out of sight of passing traffic to avoid attracting attention.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

11. sight
If a result or a decision is in sight or within sight , it is likely to happen within a short time.

- An agreement on many aspects of trade policy was in sight.

- There is no end in sight to the struggle for power.

- She was within sight of Navratilova's record of seventy-four consecutive wins.

PHR: v-link PHR

12. sight
If you lose sight of an important aspect of something, you no longer pay attention to it because you are worrying about less important things.

- In some cases, US industry has lost sight of customer needs in designing products.

- We shouldn't lose sight of the fact that education is important for its own sake.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n
= forget

13. sight
If you know someone by sight , you can recognize them when you see them, although you have never met them and talked to them.

- I knew him by sight but had never spoken with him.

PHR: V inflects

14. sight
If you say ` out of sight, out of mind ', you mean that people quickly forget someone if he or she goes away.

- The problems of the poor are largely invisible -- out of sight, out of mind.

PHR

15. sight
If someone is ordered to do something on sight , they have to do it without delay, as soon as a person or thing is seen.

- Troops shot anyone suspicious on sight.

- Magee was set free but British authorities were asked to arrest him on sight.

PHR

16. sight
If you say that someone or something is not a pretty sight , you mean that it is not pleasant to look at. (INFORMAL)

- The bathroom is not a pretty sight. The wallpaper's peeling, the tiles are crumbling.

PHR: v-link PHR

17. sight
If you set your sights on something, you decide that you want it and try hard to get it.

- They have set their sights on the world record.

- Although she came from a family of bankers, Franklin set her sights on a career in scientific research.

PHR: V inflects, PHR n

18. sight
If you agree to buy something sight unseen , you agree to buy it, even though you have not seen it and do not know what condition it is in.

- Although people sometimes buy property sight unseen, it's a remarkably bad idea.

PHR: PHR after v

sighted *

sighted
Sighted people have the ability to see. This word is usually used to contrast people who can see with people who are blind.

- Blind children tend to be more passive in this area of motor development than sighted children.

ADJ: ADJ n
≠ blind

See also clear-sighted , far-sighted , long-sighted , near-sighted , short-sighted .

sighting *

sighting sightings
A sighting of something, especially something unusual or unexpected is an occasion on which it is seen.

- ...the sighting of a rare sea bird at Lundy island...

- The National Weather Service has reported several tornado sightings in Illinois.

N-COUNT: oft N of n

sight

noun

1.

vision

eye

eyes

eyesight

seeing

2.

view

appearance

perception

range of vision

visibility

3.

spectacle

display

exhibition

pageant

scene

show

vista

4.

eyesore

mess

monstrosity

catch sight of

5.

spot

espy

glimpse

verb

6.

spot

behold

discern

distinguish

make out

observe

perceive

see

sightless

[D.J.:ˈsaitlis]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪtlɪs]

adj.

无视力的; 盲的

sightless

sightless
Someone who is sightless is blind. (LITERARY)

- He wiped a tear from his sightless eyes.

ADJ

sight-read

[D.J.:ˈsaɪtˌri:d]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪtˌrid]

v.

即兴地演奏,即兴地朗读

sight-read

sight-read sight-reads sight-reading sight-read
Someone who can sight-read can play or sing music from a printed sheet the first time they see it, without practising it beforehand.

- Symphony musicians cannot necessarily sight-read.

VB

sightseeing

[D.J.:ˈsaitˌsi:ɪŋ]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪtˌsiɪŋ]

n.

观光, 游览

sightseeing *

sightseeing
If you go sightseeing or do some sightseeing , you travel around visiting the interesting places that tourists usually visit.

- ...a day's sight-seeing in Venice.

- ...a sightseeing tour.

N-UNCOUNT also sight-seeing .

sightseer

[D.J.:ˈsaɪtˌsi:ə]

n.

观光客;游客

sightseer

sightseer sightseers
A sightseer is someone who is travelling around visiting the interesting places that tourists usually visit.

- ...coachloads of sightseers.

N-COUNT
= tourist

sign

[D.J.:sain]

[K.K.:saɪn]

n.

标记, 符号

手势, 姿势, 信号

征兆, 迹象

vt. & vi.

签名, 签字

发信号, 做手势

signed

[D.J.:saɪnd]

[K.K.:saɪnd]

adj.

有符号的,有正负之分的

signing

[ˈsainiŋ]

n.

签署(文件等)

sign *****

1. sign signs
A sign is a mark or shape that always has a particular meaning, for example in mathematics or music.

- Equations are generally written with a two-bar equals sign.

N-COUNT
= symbol

2. sign signs
A sign is a movement of your arms, hands, or head which is intended to have a particular meaning.

- They gave Lavalle the thumbs-up sign.

- The priest made the sign of the cross over him.

N-COUNT

3. sign signs signing signed
If you sign , you communicate with someone using sign language. If a programme or performance is signed , someone uses sign language so that deaf people can understand it.

- All programmes will be either `signed' or subtitled.

VB

4. sign signs
A sign is a piece of wood, metal, or plastic with words or pictures on it. Signs give you information about something, or give you a warning or an instruction.

- ...a sign saying that the highway was closed because of snow.

- ...a cardboard sign, which stated `No to Poll Tax'...

- As soon as the seat belt sign had been switched off, we rushed out.

N-COUNT

5. sign signs
If there is a sign of something, there is something which shows that it exists or is happening.

- They are prepared to hand back a hundred prisoners of war a day as a sign of good will.

- His face and movements rarely betrayed a sign of nerves.

- Your blood would have been checked for any sign of kidney failure.

N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N of n

6. sign signs signing signed
When you sign a document, you write your name on it, usually at the end or in a special space. You do this to indicate that you have written the document, that you agree with what is written, or that you were present as a witness.

- World leaders are expected to sign a treaty pledging to increase environmental protection.

- Before an operation the patient will be asked to sign a consent form.

VB

7. sign signs signing signed
If an organization signs someone or if someone signs for an organization, they sign a contract agreeing to work for that organization for a specified period of time.

- It cost the Minnesota Vikings 12 players to sign Herschel Walker from the Dallas Cowboys.

- The band then signed to Slash Records.

V-ERG

8. sign signs
In astrology, a sign of the zodiac is one of the twelve areas into which the heavens are divided.

- The New Moon takes place in your opposite sign of Libra on the 15th.

N-COUNT

9. sign
If you say that there is no sign of someone, you mean that they have not yet arrived, although you are expecting them to come.

- The London train was on time, but there was no sign of my Finnish friend.

PHR: v-link PHR n

10. sign
If you say that an agreement is signed and sealed , or signed, sealed and delivered , you mean that it is absolutely definite because everyone involved has signed all the legal documents.

- The Chancellor had been hoping to have an agreement signed and sealed by the end of this week.

- A government spokesman said the bill must be signed, sealed and delivered by tomorrow.

PHR: usu v-link PHR

signing **

1. signing
The signing of a document is the act of writing your name to indicate that you agree with what it says or to say that you have been present to witness other people writing their signature.

- Spain's top priority is the signing of an EMU treaty.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

2. signing signings
A signing is someone who has recently signed a contract agreeing to play for a sports team or work for a record company.

- ...the salary paid to the club's latest signing.

N-COUNT: usu with supp

3. signing
The signing of a player by a sports team or a group by a record company is the act of drawing up a legal document setting out the length and terms of the association between them.

- ...Manchester United's signing of the Australian goalkeeper Mark Bosnich.

N-UNCOUNT: N of n

4. signing
Signing is the use of sign language to communicate with someone who is deaf.

- The two deaf actors converse solely in signing.

N-UNCOUNT

sign

noun Informal

1.

indication

clue

evidence

hint

mark

proof

signal

symptom

token

2.

notice

board

placard

warning

3.

symbol

badge

device

emblem

logo

mark

4.

omen

augury

auspice

foreboding

portent

warning

verb

5.

autograph

endorse

initial

inscribe

6.

gesture

beckon

gesticulate

indicate

signal

sign away *****

sign away signs away; signing away; signed away
If you sign something away , you sign official documents that mean that you no longer own it or have a right to it.

- The Duke signed away his inheritance.

- They signed the rights away when they sold their idea to DC Comics.

PHR-V

sign for *****

sign for signs for; signing for; signed for
If you sign for something, you officially state that you have received it, by signing a form or book.

- When the postal clerk delivers your order, check the carton before signing for it.

PHR-V

sign in *****

sign in signs in; signing in; signed in
If you sign in , you officially indicate that you have arrived at a hotel or club by signing a book or form.

- I signed in and crunched across the gravel to my room.

PHR-V

sign off *****

1. sign off signs off; signing off; signed off
If someone signs off , they write a final message at the end of a letter or they say a final message at the end of a telephone conversation. You can say that people such as entertainers sign off when they finish a broadcast.

- O.K. I'll sign off. We'll talk at the beginning of the week.

- He would sign off each week with the catch-phrase, `I'll see thee!'.

PHR-V

2. sign off signs off; signing off; signed off
When someone who has been unemployed signs off , they officially inform the authorities that they have found a job, so that they no longer receive money from the government. (BRIT)

- If he sold his art he would be breaking the law, but if he signed off the dole he wouldn't.

PHR-V

sign on *****

sign on signs on; signing on; signed on
When an unemployed person signs on , they officially inform the authorities that they are unemployed, so that they can receive money from the government in order to live. (BRIT)

- He has signed on at the job centre.

- I had to sign on the dole on Monday.

PHR-V

sign on for *****

sign on signs on; signing on; signed on
If you sign on for something, you officially agree to work for an organization or do a course of study by signing a contract or form.

- Andrew joined up in 1989 and was planning to sign on for nine more years.

- He had signed on for a driving course.

PHR-V

sign over *****

sign over signs over; signing over; signed over
If you sign something over , you sign documents that give someone else property, possessions, or rights that were previously yours.

- Two years ago, he signed over his art collection to the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art.

- Last June, he closed his business voluntarily and signed his assets over to someone else.

PHR-V

sign up *****

sign up signs up; signing up; signed up
If you sign up for an organization or if an organization signs you up , you sign a contract officially agreeing to do a job or course of study.

- He signed up as a steward with P&O Lines.

- He saw the song's potential, and persuaded the company to sign her up.

PHR-V-ERG

signal

[D.J.:ˈsiɡnəl]

[K.K.:ˈsɪɡnəl]

n.

信号, 暗号

(无线电或电视所传送的)讯号, 讯息, 图像

vt. & vi.

发信号; 用信号传达; 用信号通讯

adj.

明显的, (非常)显著的, 非凡的

signalled

告知

signalling

[ˈsiɡnəliŋ]

n.

发信号;信号传输[反射]信号化

signally

[D.J.:ˈsiɡn(ə)li]

[K.K.:ˈsɪɡnəli]

adv.

显著地,显眼地

signal ***

1. signal signals
A signal is a gesture, sound, or action which is intended to give a particular message to the person who sees or hears it.

- They fired three distress signals.

- As soon as it was dark, Mrs Evans gave the signal.

- You mustn't fire without my signal.

N-COUNT

2. signal signals signalling signalled
If you signal to someone, you make a gesture or sound in order to send them a particular message.

- The United manager was to be seen frantically signalling to McClair.

- He stood up, signalling to the officer that he had finished with his client.

- She signalled a passing taxi and ordered him to take her to the rue Marengo.

VB (AM) signaling , signaled

3. signal signals
If an event or action is a signal of something, it suggests that this thing exists or is going to happen.

- Kurdish leaders saw the visit as an important signal of support.

- The first warning signals came in March.

- The Red Cross said it is withdrawing its staff until they receive clear signals from all sides that their presence is welcomed.

N-COUNT: with supp
= sign

4. signal signals signalling signalled
If someone or something signals an event, they suggest that the event is happening or likely to happen.

- She will be signalling massive changes in energy policy.

- Britain was signalling its readiness to have the embargo lifted.

- The outcome of that meeting could signal whether there truly exists a political will to begin negotiating.

VB (AM) signaling , signaled
= indicate

5. signal signals
A signal is a piece of equipment beside a railway, which indicates to train drivers whether they should stop the train or not.
N-COUNT

6. signal signals
A signal is a series of radio waves, light waves, or changes in electrical current which may carry information.

- ...high-frequency radio signals.

N-COUNT

7. signal
You use signal to describe a success or failure when you are emphasizing the fact that it has occurred and are indicating that the consequences are significant.

- His final round was a signal triumph in a career marked by many sweet moments.

- ...John Major's signal failure to grab America's attention.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis

8. signally

- ...a demoralised party which its leader signally failed to reassure.

ADV: usu ADV before v

signal

noun

1.

sign

beacon

cue

gesture

indication

mark

token

verb

2.

gesture

beckon

gesticulate

indicate

motion

sign

wave

signal box

signal box signal boxes
A signal box is a small building near a railway, which contains the switches used to control the signals.
N-COUNT

signalman

[ˈsiɡnəlmən]

n.

通信兵,信号工

signalman

signalman signalmen
A signalman is a person whose job is to control the signals on a particular section of a railway.
N-COUNT

signatory

[D.J.:ˈsiɡnətəri]

[K.K.:ˈsɪɡnəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]

n.

签字人, 签约国

signatory *

signatory signatories
The signatories of an official document are the people, organizations, or countries that have signed it. (FORMAL)

- Both countries are signatories to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

N-COUNT: oft N of/to n

signature

[D.J.:ˈsiɡnitʃə]

[K.K.:ˈsɪɡnətʃɚ]

n.

签名, 签字

signature **

1. signature signatures
Your signature is your name, written in your own characteristic way, often at the end of a document to indicate that you wrote the document or that you agree with what it says.

- I was writing my signature at the bottom of the page.

- ...a petition containing 170 signatures.

N-COUNT

2. signature
If you put your signature to a document, you sign it as a way of officially showing that you agree with what is written.

- The two sides met to put their signatures to a formal agreement.

PHR: V and N inflect, PHR n
= sign

signature tune

signature tune signature tunes
A signature tune is the tune which is always played at the beginning or end of a particular television or radio programme, or which people associate with a particular performer. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use theme song )

- Doesn't that sound like the signature tune from The Late Late Show?

- ...BB King's signature tune `Worried Life Blues'.

N-COUNT

signboard

[D.J.:ˈsaɪnˌbɔ:d, -ˌbəʊrd]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪnˌbɔrd, -ˌbord]

n.

<英>广告牌;布告牌

signboard

signboard signboards
A signboard is a piece of wood which has been painted with pictures or words and which gives some information about a particular place, product, or event.

- The signboard at the entrance to the factory read `baby milk plant' in English and in Arabic.

N-COUNT

signer

[D.J.:ˈsaɪnə]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪnɚ]

n.

签名者

signer

signer signers
A signer is someone who communicates to deaf people using sign language.

- I'm keen on providing signers for deaf people and readers for the blind.

N-COUNT

signet ring

signet ring signet rings
A signet ring is a ring which has a flat oval or circular section at the front with a pattern or letters carved into it.
N-COUNT

significance

[D.J.:siɡˈnifikəns]

[K.K.:sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns]

n.

意义, 意思

重大意义, 重要性

significance **

significance
The significance of something is the importance that it has, usually because it will have an effect on a situation or shows something about a situation.

- Ideas about the social significance of religion have changed over time.

- A sacred site might be a mountain that is of some significance to a tribe.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, oft N prep
= importance

significance

noun

1.

importance

consequence

moment

relevance

weight

2.

meaning

force

implication(s)

import

message

point

purport

sense

significant

[D.J.:siɡˈnifikənt]

[K.K.:sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt]

adj.

重要的, 重大的, 可观的

有意义的, 有用意的

意味深长的

significantly

[D.J.:sɪ gˈnɪfəkəntlɪ]

[K.K.:sɪɡˈnɪfəkəntlɪ]

adv.

意味深长地

值得注目地

significant ****

1. significant
A significant amount or effect is large enough to be important or affect a situation to a noticeable degree.

- Most 11-year-olds are not encouraged to develop reading skills; a small but significant number are illiterate.

- ...foods that offer a significant amount of protein...

- It is the first drug that seems to have a very significant effect on this disease.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
≠ insignificant

2. significantly

- The number of MPs now supporting him had increased significantly.

- America's airlines have significantly higher productivity than European ones.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj/adv/prep

3. significant
A significant fact, event, or thing is one that is important or shows something.

- Time would appear to be the significant factor in this whole drama.

- ...a very significant piece of legislation...

- I think it was significant that he never knew his own father.

ADJ-GRADED
= important

4. significantly

- Significantly, the company recently opened a huge store in Atlanta.

ADV-GRADED

5. significant
A significant action or gesture is intended to have a special meaning.

- Mrs Bycraft gave Rose a significant glance.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
= meaningful

6. significantly

- She looked up at me significantly, raising an eyebrow.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

significant

adjective

1.

important

critical

material

momentous

noteworthy

serious

vital

weighty

2.

meaningful

eloquent

expressive

indicative

suggestive

significant other

significant other significant others
If you refer to your significant other , you are referring to your wife, husband, or the person you are having a relationship with.
N-COUNT

signified

[D.J.:ˈsiɡnifaid]

[K.K.:ˈsɪɡnəˌfaɪd]

n.

符号义，所指

signify

[D.J.:ˈsiɡnifai]

[K.K.:ˈsɪɡnəˌfaɪ]

vt.

表示…的意思, 意味

signifying

[ˈsiɡnifaiiŋ]

n.

〈美〉〈俚〉①吹牛游戏②(辱骂对方亲属的)对骂游戏

signify *

1. signify signifies signifying signified
If an event, a sign, or a symbol signifies something, it is a sign of that thing or represents that thing.

- The contrasting approaches to Europe signified a sharp difference between the major parties .

- A `Les Routiers' symbol proudly displayed outside a restaurant signifies there's excellent cuisine to be enjoyed inside.

VB

2. signify signifies signifying signified
If you signify something, you make a sign or gesture in order to communicate a particular meaning.

- Two jurors signified their dissent.

- The UN flag was raised at the airport yesterday to signify that control had passed into its hands.

VB
= indicate signal

signify

verb

1.

indicate

be a sign of

betoken

connote

denote

imply

intimate

mean

portend

suggest

2.

matter

be important

carry weight

count

sign language

sign language sign languages
Sign language is movements of your hands and arms used to communicate. There are several official systems of sign language, used for example by deaf people. Movements are also sometimes invented by people when they want to communicate with someone who does not speak the same language.

- Her son used sign language to tell her what happened.

N-VAR

signpost

[D.J.:ˈsaɪnˌpəʊst]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪnˌpost]

n.

指示牌;标志杆

路标

signpost

1. signpost signposts
A signpost is a sign where roads meet that tells you which direction to go in to reach a particular place or different places.

- The lights of the car lit up a signpost.

- Turn off at the signpost for Attlebridge.

N-COUNT
= sign

2. signpost signposts
A signpost is something that helps you to know how a situation or a course of action will develop.

- The outcome of tomorrow's elections will be studied carefully as a signpost of voter intentions on the really big day this year.

- These events were all signposts pointing toward change.

N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N to/of n

signposted

signposted
A place or route that is signposted has signposts beside the road to show the way.

- The entrance is well signposted and is in Marbury Road.

ADJ

Sikh

[D.J.:si:k]

[K.K.:sik]

n.

印度锡克教徒

Sikh **

Sikh Sikhs
A Sikh is a person who follows the Indian religion of Sikhism.

- The rise of racism concerns Sikhs because they are such a visible minority.

- ...a Sikh temple.

- ...Sikh festivals.

N-COUNT: oft N n

Sikhism

[D.J.:ˈsi:kˌɪzəm]

[K.K.:ˈsikˌɪzəm]

锡克教

Sikhism

Sikhism
Sikhism is an Indian religion which separated from Hinduism in the sixteenth century and which teaches that there is only one God.
N-UNCOUNT

silage

[D.J.:ˈsaɪlɪdʒ]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪlɪdʒ]

n.

青贮饲料

(青贮塔内的)贮存物

silage

silage
Silage is food for cattle that is made by cutting a crop such as grass or corn when it is green and then keeping it covered.
N-UNCOUNT

silence

[D.J.:ˈsailəns]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪləns]

n.

寂静; 无声

沉默

无音信, 失去联系

寂静[沉默, 无音信]的时刻[期间]

vt.

使安静, 使沉默

silencing

[ˈsailənsiŋ]

n.

噪声抑制

silence ***

1. silence silences
If there is silence , nobody is speaking.

- They stood in silence.

- He never lets those long silences develop during dinner.

- Then he bellowed `Silence!'

N-VAR: oft in/of N

2. silence
The silence of a place is the extreme quietness there.

- ...the silence of that rainless, all-concealing fog...

- She breathed deeply, savouring the silence.

N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n

3. silence
If someone breaks their silence about something, they talk about something that they have not talked about before or for a long time.

- The district court ruled that Popper's silence in court today should be entered as a plea of not guilty.

- Gary decided to break his silence about his son's suffering yesterday in the hope of helping other families cope with the disease.

PHR: V inflects

4. silence silences silencing silenced
To silence someone or something means to stop them speaking or making a noise.

- A ringing phone silenced her.

- The shock silenced him completely.

VB

5. silence silences silencing silenced
If someone silences you, they stop you expressing opinions that they do not agree with.

- Like other tyrants, he tried to silence anyone who spoke out against him.

- ...an unsuccessful attempt by the government to silence the debate.

VB

6. silence silences silencing silenced
To silence someone means to kill them in order to stop them revealing something secret.

- A hit man had been sent to silence her over the affair.

VB

silence

noun Informal

1.

quiet

calm

hush

lull

peace

stillness

2.

muteness

dumbness

reticence

taciturnity

verb

3.

quieten

cut off

cut short

deaden

gag

muffle

quiet

stifle

still

suppress

silencer

[D.J.:ˈsaɪlənsə]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪlənsɚ]

n.

<英>(发动机的)消音器

(枪支的)消音器

silencer

1. silencer silencers
A silencer is a device that is fitted onto a gun to make it very quiet when it is fired.

- ...a pistol that was equipped with a silencer.

N-COUNT

2. silencer silencers
A silencer is a device on a car exhaust that makes it quieter. (BRIT; in AM use muffler )
N-COUNT

silent

[D.J.:ˈsailənt]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪlənt]

adj.

寂静的; 无声的

沉默的

不发音的

silently

[D.J.:ˈsaɪləntlɪ]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪləntlɪ]

adv.

寂静地;沉默地

silent ***

1. silent
Someone who is silent is not speaking.

- Trish was silent because she was reluctant to put her thoughts into words.

- He spoke no English and was completely silent during the visit.

- They both fell silent.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ
= quiet

2. silently

- She and Ned sat silently for a moment, absorbing the peace of the lake.

- Most of those attending the funeral stood silently showing little emotion.

ADV: ADV with v
= quietly

3. silent
If you describe someone as a silent person, you mean that they do not talk to people very much, and sometimes give the impression of being unfriendly.

- He was a serious, silent man.

ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n
= quiet

4. silent
A place that is silent is completely quiet, with no sound at all. Something that is silent makes no sound at all.

- The room was silent except for the slight crunching coming from John's mouth as he ground his teeth together.

- The heavy guns have again fallen silent.

ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ
= quiet

5. silently

- Strange shadows moved silently in the almost permanent darkness.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

6. silent
If someone is silent about something, they do not tell people anything about it, because they think it is a private matter or because they want to keep the information secret.

- Douglas was noticeably silent about his feelings for his father.

- The administration has recently become silent about abuses in Haiti.

ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ about n

7. silent
A silent emotion or action is not expressed in speech.

- The attacker still stood there, watching her with silent contempt.

- She offered a silent prayer of thanks.

ADJ: ADJ n

8. silently

- Whitlock silently cursed Graham for heaping more suspicion on him.

ADV: ADV with v

9. silent
A silent film has pictures usually accompanied by music but does not have the actors' voices or any other sounds.

- ...one of the famous silent films of Charlie Chaplin.

- ...comedy stars of the silent era.

ADJ: ADJ n

10. silent
A silent letter in a word is written but not pronounced. For example, the `k' in the word `know' is silent.
ADJ

silent

adjective

1.

quiet

hushed

muted

noiseless

soundless

still

2.

mute

dumb

speechless

taciturn

voiceless

wordless

silently

adjective

quietly

inaudibly

in silence

mutely

noiselessly

soundlessly

without a sound

wordlessly

silent majority

silent majority
If you believe that, in society or in a particular group, the opinions of most people are very different from the opinions that are most often heard in public, you can refer to these people as the silent majority .

- ...arguing that a silent majority should never again allow extremists to take control of the country...

- It may now be time for the silent majority of supportive parents and teachers to make their views known to MPs.

N-SING-COLL

silent partner

silent partner silent partners
A silent partner is a person who provides some of the capital for a business but who does not take an active part in managing the business. (AM; in BRIT use sleeping partner )
N-COUNT

silhouette

[D.J.:ˌsɪlu:ˈet]

[K.K.:ˌsɪluˈɛt]

n.

轮廓

silhouette *

1. silhouette silhouettes
A silhouette is the solid dark shape that you see when someone or something has a bright light or pale background behind them.

- The dark silhouette of the castle ruins stood out boldly against the fading light.

N-COUNT

2. silhouette silhouettes
The silhouette of something is the outline that it has, which often helps you to recognize it.

- He put on a hat that came down over his squarish skull and changed the distinctive silhouette of his ears.

- The shirt's ideal worn loose over leggings or tuck it in for a streamlined silhouette.

N-COUNT

3. silhouette
If you see something in silhouette , you see it as a dark shape with no detail except for the outline.

- Even from behind in silhouette, Billy recognized the figure.

PHR

silhouette

noun

1.

outline

form

profile

shape

verb

2.

outline

etch

stand out

silhouetted

[D.J.:ˌsɪlu:ˈetɪd]

[K.K.:ˌsɪluˈ ɛtɪd]

adj.

显出轮廓的;显示影像的

silhouetted

silhouetted
If someone or something is silhouetted against a background, you can see their silhouette.

- Silhouetted against the sun stood the figure of a man.

ADJ: usu v-link ADJ against n

silica

[D.J.:ˈsilikə]

[K.K.:ˈsɪlɪkə]

n.

硅石, 二氧化硅

silica

silica
Silica is silicon dioxide, a compound of silicon which is found in sand, quartz, and flint, and which is used to make glass.
N-UNCOUNT

silicate

[D.J.:ˈsilikit]

[K.K.:ˈsɪlɪˌket, -kɪt]

n.

硅酸盐

silicate

silicate silicates
A silicate is a compound of silica which does not dissolve. There are many different kinds of silicate.

- ...large amounts of aluminum silicate.

N-MASS

silicon

[D.J.:ˈsilikən]

[K.K.:ˈsɪlɪkən, -ˌkɑn]

n.

〈化〉硅

silicon *

silicon
Silicon is an element that is found in sand and in minerals such as quartz and granite. Silicon is used to make parts of computers and other electronic equipment.

- ...a thin layer of silicon oxide...

- Each new chip will contain over three million transistors on a piece of silicon about the size of a standard postage stamp.

N-UNCOUNT

silicon chip

silicon chip silicon chips
A silicon chip is a very small piece of silicon inside a computer. It has electronic circuits on it and can hold large quantities of information or perform mathematical or logical operations.
N-COUNT
= microchip

silicone

[D.J.:ˈsɪlɪˌkəʊn]

[K.K.:ˈsɪlɪˌkon]

n.

(聚)硅酮,硅有机树脂

silicone *

silicone
Silicone is a tough artificial substance made from silicon, which is used to make polishes, and also used in cosmetic surgery and plastic surgery.

- ...silicone lubricants.

- ...women who suffered health problems from silicone breast implants that leak.

N-UNCOUNT: usu N n

silk

[D.J.:silk]

[K.K.:sɪlk]

n.

丝, 绸

silk **

1. silk silks
Silk is a substance produced by silkworms which is made into smooth fine cloth and sewing thread. You can also refer to this cloth or thread as silk.

- They continued to get their silks from China.

- Pauline wore a silk dress with a strand of pearls.

- ...softer-looking shades in silk.

N-MASS

2. silk
You can refer to the substance produced by some creatures such as spiders as silk .

- ...the silk threads of a spider's web.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

silken

[D.J.:ˈsɪlkən]

[K.K.:ˈsɪlkən]

adj.

<文>①柔软的;光滑的;亮洁的

轻柔的;温和的

silken

1. silken
Silken is used to describe things that are very pleasantly smooth and soft. (LITERARY)

- Christabel ran her fingers slowly through her long silken hair.

- ...her long, silken legs.

ADJ: usu ADJ n
= silky

2. silken
A silken garment, fabric, or rope is made of silk or a material that looks like silk. (LITERARY)

- ...a silken nightshirt.

- ...silken cushions.

ADJ: ADJ n

silk-screen

n.

丝印

silk-screen

silk-screen
Silk-screen printing is a method of printing patterns onto cloth by forcing paint or dyes through silk or similar material.

- ...silk-screen prints.

- ...an Andy Warhol silk-screen portrait of Marilyn Monroe.

ADJ: ADJ n also silkscreen .

silkworm

[D.J.:ˈsɪlkˌwɜ:m]

[K.K.:ˈsɪlkˌwə..m]

n.

蚕

silkworm

silkworm silkworms
A silkworm is the young form of a Chinese moth and it produces silk.
N-COUNT

silky

[D.J.:ˈsɪlki:]

[K.K.:ˈsɪlki]

adj.

柔软的, 光滑的

silky *

1. silky silkier silkiest
If something has a silky texture, it is smooth, soft, and shiny, like silk.

- ...dresses in seductively silky fabrics...

- Claire smoothed Katy's silky hair.

- ...skin that's silky and unblemished.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

2. silky silkier silkiest
If you describe someone's voice as silky , you mean that it sounds confident but gentle and you find it attractive.

- ...a well-spoken man with a silky voice.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3. silky silkier silkiest
If you describe the way someone or something moves as silky , you mean that they move very smoothly.

- Some people moved in silky, liquid movements, others were jerky, probably drunk.

- I had the car for two years and much enjoyed its excellent handling, quietness and silky gearchange.

ADJ-GRADED

silky

adjective

smooth

silken

sleek

velvety

sill

[D.J.:sɪl]

[K.K.:sɪl]

n.

窗台(板);门槛

sill *

sill sills
A sill is a shelf along the bottom edge of a window, either inside or outside a building.

- Whitlock was perched on the sill of the room's only window.

N-COUNT
= ledge

silliness

n.

愚蠢,糊涂

silly

[D.J.:ˈsili]

[K.K.:ˈsɪli]

adj.

蠢的, 傻的; 糊涂的, 可笑的

〈非正〉不省人事的, 失去知觉的; 晕头转向的

silly **

1. silly sillier silliest
If you say that someone or something is silly , you mean that they are foolish, childish, or ridiculous.

- My best friend tells me that I am silly to be upset about this.

- You silly boy; why did you tramp about so long in the cold?.

- I thought it would be silly to be too rude at that stage.

- That's a silly question.

- ...a silly hat.

ADJ-GRADED
= stupid

2. silliness

- She looked round to make sure there was no giggling or silliness.

N-UNCOUNT

3. silly
If you do something such as laugh or drink yourself silly , you do it so much that you are unable to think or behave sensibly. (INFORMAL)

- Right now the poor old devil's drinking himself silly.

- Poor Donald's been worrying himself silly.

ADJ: v n ADJ
= stupid

silly

adjective

foolish

absurd

asinine

fatuous

idiotic

inane

ridiculous

senseless

stupid

unwise

silly season

silly season
The silly season is the time around August when the newspapers are full of unimportant or silly news stories because there is not much political news to report. (BRIT)
N-PROPER: the N

silo

[D.J.:ˈsailəu]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪlo]

n.

筒仓,地窖,竖井,(导弹)发射井

silo

1. silo silos
A silo is a tall round metal tower on a farm, in which grass, grain, or some other substance is stored.

- Before silos were invented, cows gave less milk during winter because they had no green grass to eat.

- ...a grain silo.

N-COUNT

2. silo silos
A silo is a specially built place underground where a nuclear missile is kept.

- ...underground nuclear missile silos.

N-COUNT

silt

[D.J.:sɪlt]

[K.K.:sɪlt]

n.

淤泥,淤滓

vt. & vi.

(河流等)为淤泥淤塞

silt up

(使)淤塞

silt *

silt
Silt is fine sand, soil, or mud which is carried along by a river.

- The lake was almost solid with silt and vegetation.

N-UNCOUNT

silt

noun

1.

sediment

alluvium

deposit

ooze

sludge

verb

silt up

2.

clog

choke

congest

silt up *

silt up silts up; silting up; silted up
If a river or lake silts up or something silts it up , it becomes blocked with silt.

- Without huge investment the reservoirs will silt up.

- The soil washed from the hills is silting up the hydroelectric dams.

PHR-V-ERG

silver

[D.J.:ˈsilvə]

[K.K.:ˈsɪlvɚ]

n.

银

银币; 银制品, 银器

adj.

银制的; 像银的

vt.

(在某物上)镀银

silver ***

1. silver
Silver is a valuable pale grey metal that is used for making jewellery and ornaments.

- ...a hand-crafted brooch made from silver.

- ...amber earrings set in silver.

- ...silver teaspoons.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. silver
Silver consists of coins that are made from silver or that look like silver.

- ...the basement where £150,000 in silver was buried.

N-UNCOUNT

3. silver
You can use silver to refer to all the things in a house that are made of silver, especially the cutlery and dishes.

- He beat the rugs and polished the silver.

N-UNCOUNT: also the N
= silverware

4. silver silvers
Silver is used to describe things that are shiny and pale grey in colour.

- He had thick silver hair which needed cutting.

- ...a silver sports car...

- Using silver tape, they taped all the doors and windows shut.

COLOUR

5. silver silvers
A silver is the same as a silver medal .

- Britain went on to take bronze and then followed it up by winning silver in the World Cup.

N-VAR

silver birch

silver birch silver birches
A silver birch is a tree with a greyish-white trunk and branches.
N-COUNT silver birch can also be used as the plural form

silvered

镀银的;饰以银的;银白色的

silvered

silvered
You can describe something as silvered when it has become silver in colour. (LITERARY)

- He had a magnificent head of silvered hair.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

silver jubilee

silver jubilee silver jubilees
A silver jubilee is the 25th anniversary of an important event such as a person becoming king or queen, or an organization being started.

- She arrived in St Ives to celebrate the Queen's Silver Jubilee.

- ...the group's silver jubilee concert.

N-COUNT

silver lining

1. silver lining
If you say that every cloud has a silver lining , you mean that every sad or unpleasant situation has a positive side to it.

- As they say, every cloud has a silver lining. We have drawn lessons from the decisions taken.

PHR

2. silver lining
If you talk about a silver lining , you are talking about something positive that comes out of a sad or unpleasant situation.

- The fall in inflation is the silver lining of the prolonged recession.

N-SING

silver medal *

silver medal silver medals
If you win a silver medal , you come second in a competition, especially a sports contest, and are given a medal made of silver as a prize.

- Gillingham won the silver medal in the 200 metres at Seoul.

N-COUNT
= silver

silver plate

1. silver plate
Silver plate is metal that has been coated with a thin layer of silver.

- They are available in polished brass, antique brass or silver-plate.

- ...silver-plate cutlery.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N n

2. silver plate
Silver plate is dishes, bowls, and cups that are made of silver. (BRIT; in AM use silver or solid silver )

- ...gold and silver plate, jewellery, and roomfuls of antique furniture.

N-UNCOUNT

silver-plated

adj.

包银的,镀银的

silver-plated

silver-plated
Something that is silver-plated is covered with a very thin layer of silver.

- ...silver-plated cutlery.

ADJ

silver screen

silver screen
People sometimes refer to the films that are shown in cinemas as the silver screen .

- Marlon Brando, Steve McQueen, and James Dean are now legends of the silver screen.

- We don't see much of dear old Peter O'Toole on the silver screen these days.

N-SING: the N

silversmith

[D.J.:ˈsɪlvəˌsmɪθ]

[K.K.:ˈsɪlvɚˌsmɪθ]

n.

银(器)匠

silversmith

silversmith silversmiths
A silversmith is a person who makes things out of silver.
N-COUNT

silver-tongued

[D.J.:ˈsilvəˈtʌŋd]

[K.K.:ˈsɪlvɚˈtʌŋd]

adj.

雄辩的

silver-tongued

silver-tongued
A silver-tongued person is very skilful at persuading people to believe what they say or to do what they want them to do.

- ...a silver-tongued lawyer.

- ...the luckless lady who fell for his silver-tongued charm.

ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

silverware

[D.J.:ˈsilvəwɛə]

[K.K.:ˈsɪlvɚˌwɛr]

n.

银器, 镀银器皿(尤指餐具)

(体育比赛中的)银杯

silverware

1. silverware
You can use silverware to refer to all the things in a house that are made of silver, especially the cutlery and dishes.

- There was a serving spoon missing when Nina put the silverware back in its box.

N-UNCOUNT
= silver

2. silverware
Journalists sometimes use silverware to refer to silver cups and other prizes won by sports teams or players.

- Everton paraded their recently acquired silverware.

N-UNCOUNT

silver wedding

silver wedding silver weddings
A married couple's silver wedding or silver wedding anniversary is the 25th anniversary of their wedding.

- He and Helen celebrated their silver wedding last year.

N-COUNT: usu poss N

silvery

[D.J.:ˈsɪlvəri:]

[K.K.:ˈsɪlvəri]

adj.

银一样的,有银色光亮的

银铃般的,清脆的,悦耳的

silveriness

n.

银白

清脆,悦耳

silvery *

silvery
Silvery things look like silver or are the colour of silver.

- ...a small, intense man with silvery hair...

- There was a full moon and its silvery light seeped through the curtains.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

simian

[D.J.:ˈsɪmi:ən]

[K.K.:ˈsɪmiən]

adj.

类人猿的

像类人猿的,像猴的

n.

类人猿,猴

simian

1. simian
If someone has a simian face, they look rather like a monkey. (FORMAL)

- Ada Buck was small and ancient, with a wrinkled, simian face.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

2. simian
Simian is used to describe things relating to monkeys or apes. (TECHNICAL)

- ...a simian virus that affects several types of monkeys.

ADJ: usu ADJ n

similar

[D.J.:ˈsimilə]

[K.K.:ˈsɪməlɚ]

adj.

类似的; 同类的; 相似的; 同样的

similar ****

similar
If one thing is similar to another, or if two things are similar , they have features that are the same.

- ...a savoury cake with a texture similar to that of carrot cake...

- The accident was similar to one that happened in 1973.

- ...a group of similar pictures.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to n
≠ different

similar

adjective

alike

analogous

close

comparable

like

resembling

similarity

[D.J.:ˌsɪməˈlærɪti:]

[K.K.:ˌsɪməˈlærɪti]

n.

类似, 相似

similarity **

1. similarity
If there is a similarity between two or more things, they are similar to each other.

- The astonishing similarity between my brother and my first-born son.

- There was a very basic similarity in our philosophy.

- She is also 25 and a native of Birmingham, but the similarity ends there.

N-UNCOUNT: oft N between/in/with n

2. similarity similarities
Similarities are features that things have which make them similar to each other.

- There were significant similarities between mother and son.

- The similarities between Mars and Earth were enough to keep alive hopes of some form of Martian life.

N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N between/in/with n
≠ difference

similarity

noun

resemblance

affinity

agreement

analogy

closeness

comparability

correspondence

likeness

sameness

similarly

[ˈsimiləli]

adv.

相似地; 类似地

也; 同样

similarly **

1. similarly
You use similarly to say that something is similar to something else.

- Most of the men who now gathered round him again were similarly dressed.

ADV-GRADED: ADV adj/adv, ADV with v
≠ differently

2. similarly
You use similarly when mentioning a fact or situation that is similar to the one you have just mentioned.

- A mother somehow memorises the feel of her child's skin from the very first touches and can recognise it even when blindfolded. Similarly a baby's cry is instantly identified by the mother.

ADV: ADV with cl
= likewise

simile

[D.J.:ˈsɪməli:]

[K.K.:ˈsɪməli]

n.

(使用like或as等词语的)明喻

simile

simile similes
A simile is an expression which describes a person or thing as being similar to someone or something else. For example, the sentences `She runs like a deer' and `He's as white as a sheet' contain similes.
N-COUNT

simmer

[D.J.:ˈsimə]

[K.K.:ˈsɪmɚ]

n.

炖

vt. & vi.

炖; 慢煮

充满势将爆发的(怒气等)

simmer **

1. simmer simmers simmering simmered
When you simmer food or when it simmers , you cook it by keeping it at boiling point or just below boiling point.

- Make an infusion by boiling and simmering the rhubarb and camomile together.

- Turn the heat down so the sauce simmers gently.

V-ERG

2. simmer
Also a noun.

- Combine the stock, whole onion and peppercorns in a pan and bring to a simmer.

N-SING

3. simmer simmers simmering simmered
If a conflict or a quarrel simmers , it does not actually happen for a period of time, but eventually builds up to the point where it does.

- ...bitter divisions that have simmered for more than half a century...

- The gardener exploded with the rage that had simmered all morning.

- The province was attacked a month ago after weeks of simmering tension.

VB

simmer

verb

fume

be angry

rage

seethe

smoulder

simmer down **

simmer down simmers down; simmering down; simmered down
If someone's feelings simmer down , they become less intense. (INFORMAL)

- There's a great deal of suspicion and fear, and it's hard to say when all of this will simmer down.

- Ginny's initial rage at his treatment of Chris had simmered down to resentment.

PHR-V
= subside

simmer down

verb

calm down

control oneself

cool off or down

simper

[D.J.:ˈsɪmpə]

[K.K.:ˈsɪmpɚ]

vi.

傻笑,假笑

vt.

傻〔假〕笑着说出

n.

傻笑,假笑

simper

1. simper simpers simpering simpered
When someone simpers , they smile in a rather silly way.

- The maid lowered her chin and simpered.

VB

2. simper simpers
Also a noun.

- `Thank you doctor,' said the nurse with a simper.

N-COUNT

simper

verb

smile coyly

smile affectedly

smirk

simple

[D.J.:ˈsimpl]

[K.K.:ˈsɪmpəl]

adj.

简单的; 容易的

朴素的; 简朴的

自然的; 率直的; 天真的

易受骗的; 迟钝的, 头脑简单的

simply

[D.J.:ˈsimpli]

[K.K.:ˈsɪmpli]

adv.

简单地; 简易地; 朴素地

仅仅; 只不过

〈非正〉实在, 简直, 非常

simple ****

1. simple simpler simplest
If you describe something as simple , you mean that it is not complicated, and is therefore easy to understand.

- ...simple pictures and diagrams.

- ...pages of simple advice on filling in your tax form...

- Buddhist ethics are simple but its practices are very complex to a western mind.

ADJ-GRADED
= uncomplicated straightforward ≠ complicated

2. simply

- When applying for a visa extension state simply and clearly the reasons why you need an extension.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

3. simple simpler simplest
If you describe people or things as simple , you mean that they have all the basic or necessary things they require, but nothing extra.

- The Holy Family Church was closed and the parish now celebrates mass in this simple side chapel.

- He ate a simple dinner of rice and beans.

- ...the simple pleasures of childhood...

- He lives a very simple life for a man who has become incredibly rich.

- Nothing is simpler than a cool white shirt.

ADJ-GRADED
= basic

4. simply

- The living room is furnished simply with white wicker furniture and blue-and-white fabrics.

- He dressed simply and led a quiet family life.

ADV-GRADED: ADV after v

5. simple simpler simplest
If a problem is simple or if its solution is simple , the problem can be solved easily.

- Some puzzles look difficult but once the solution is known are actually quite simple.

- The answer is simple.

- I cut my purchases dramatically by the simple expedient of destroying my credit cards.

ADJ-GRADED

6. simple simpler simplest
A simple task is easy to do.

- The job itself had been simple enough.

- The simplest way to install a shower is to fit one over the bath.

ADJ-GRADED: oft ADJ to-inf
= easy

7. simply

- Simply dial the number and tell us your area.

ADV-GRADED: ADV with v

8. simple simpler simplest
If you say that someone is simple , you mean that they are not very intelligent and have difficulty learning things.

- He was simple as a child.

ADJ-GRADED

9. simple
You use simple to emphasize that the thing you are referring to is the only important or relevant reason for something.

- His refusal to talk was simple stubbornness.

ADJ: ADJ n emphasis
= plain

10. simple
In grammar, simple tenses are ones which are formed without an auxiliary verb `be', for example `I dressed and went for a walk' and `This tastes nice'. Simple verb groups are used especially to refer to completed actions, regular actions, and situations. Compare continuous .
ADJ

11. simple
In English grammar, a simple sentence consists of one main clause. Compare compound , complex .
ADJ

simply ****

1. simply
You use simply to emphasize that something consists of only one thing, happens for only one reason, or is done in only one way.

- The table is simply a chipboard circle on a base.

- Most of the damage that's occurred was simply because of fallen trees.

- Many people switch on the television simply to stave off boredom over the Christmas break.

- A sitting room can be transformed into a guest bedroom simply by adding a sofabed.

ADV: ADV before v, ADV with cl/group emphasis
= just

2. simply
You use simply to emphasize what you are saying.

- This sort of increase simply cannot be justified.

- So many of these questions simply don't have answers.

- In a poll of those leaving the theatre and nine out of ten thought it was simply marvellous.

ADV: ADV before v, ADV adj emphasis
= just

simple

adjective

1.

easy

clear

intelligible

lucid

plain

straightforward

uncomplicated

understandable

uninvolved

2.

plain

classic

natural

unembellished

unfussy

3.

pure

elementary

unalloyed

uncombined

unmixed

4.

artless

childlike

guileless

ingenuous

innocent

naive

natural

sincere

unaffected

unsophisticated

5.

honest

bald

basic

direct

frank

naked

plain

sincere

stark

6.

humble

homely

modest

unpretentious

7.

feeble-minded

foolish

half-witted

moronic

slow

stupid

simply

adverb

1.

plainly

clearly

directly

easily

intelligibly

naturally

straightforwardly

unpretentiously

2.

just

merely

only

purely

solely

3.

totally

absolutely

completely

really

utterly

wholly

simple interest

simple interest
Simple interest is interest that is calculated on an original sum of money and not also on interest which has previously been added to the sum.
N-UNCOUNT

simple-minded

[D.J.:ˈsɪmpəlˈmaɪndɪd]

[K.K.:ˈsɪmpəlˈmaɪndɪd]

adj.

纯朴的

(头脑)简单的

低能的

simple-minded

1. simple-minded
If you describe someone as simple-minded , you believe that they interpret things in a way that is too simple and do not understand how complicated things are.

- Sylvie was a simple-minded romantic.

- His politics were also simple minded.

- ...those simple-minded solutions.

ADJ-GRADED disapproval

2. simple-mindedness

- ...the simple-mindedness of the theme in this film.

N-UNCOUNT

simple-minded

adjective

feeble-minded

backward

dim-witted

foolish

idiot

idiotic

moronic

retarded

simple

stupid

simpleton

[D.J.:ˈsimpltən]

[K.K.:ˈsɪmpəltən]

n.

头脑简单的人, 傻子

simpleton

simpleton simpletons
If you call someone a simpleton , you think they are easily deceived or not very intelligent.

- `But Ian's such a simpleton', she laughed.

- He was a lightweight, a political simpleton.

N-COUNT disapproval

simpleton

noun

halfwit

dullard

fool

idiot

imbecile informal

moron

numskull or numbskull

simplicity

[D.J.:simˈplisiti]

[K.K.:sɪmˈplɪsɪti]

n.

简单, 朴素, 率直

simplicity *

1. simplicity
The simplicity of something is the fact that it is not complicated and can be understood or done easily.

- The apparent simplicity of his plot is deceptive.

- Because of its simplicity, this test could be carried out easily by a family doctor.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2. simplicity
When you talk about something's simplicity , you approve of it because it has no unnecessary parts or complicated details.

- ...fussy details that ruin the simplicity of the design...

- A pair of jewelled earrings will liven up this dress without detracting from its simplicity.

N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp approval

3. simplicity
If you say that something is simplicity itself , you are emphasizing that it is very simple or easy.

- The kitchen is simplicity itself, relying on a combination of good design, craftsmanship and quality materials for its effect.

- Using a credit card to pay for an order is simplicity itself.

PHR: v-link PHR emphasis

simplicity

noun

1.

ease

clarity

clearness

straightforwardness

2.

plainness

lack of adornment

purity

restraint

3.

artlessness

candour

directness

innocence

naivety

openness

simplification

[D.J.:ˌsɪmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɪmpləfəˈkeʃən]

n.

单纯化;简单化

simplification

1. simplification simplifications
You can use simplification to refer to the thing that is produced when you make something simpler or when you reduce it to its basic elements.

- Like any such diagram, it is a simplification.

N-COUNT

2. simplification
Simplification is the act or process of making something simpler.

- Everyone favours the simplification of court procedures.

N-UNCOUNT
≠ complication

simplified

简

simplify

[D.J.:ˈsimplifai]

[K.K.:ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪ]

vt.

使(某事物)简单[简明]; 简化

simplify *

1. simplify simplifies simplifying simplified
If you simplify something, you make it easier to understand or you remove the things which make it complex.

- The aim of the scheme is to simplify the complex social security system.

- He reduced his needs to the minimum by simplifying his life.

VB
≠ complicate

2. simplified

- Last night, the president presented a shorter, simplified version of his speech.

ADJ-GRADED

simplify

verb

make simpler

abridge

disentangle

dumb down

reduce to essentials

streamline

simplistic

[simˈplistik]

adj.

过分单纯化的

simplistic *

1. simplistic
A simplistic view or interpretation of something makes it seem much simpler than it really is.

- He has a simplistic view of the treatment of eczema.

- The whole process is flawed because the logic behind the questions is too simplistic.

ADJ-GRADED

2. simplistically

- The impact of religion on voting has been analysed far too simplistically.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV after v, also ADV adj

simulate

[D.J.:ˈsimjuleit]

[K.K.:ˈsɪmjəˌlet]

vt.

假装

模仿, 模拟

simulated

[D.J.:ˈsɪmjəˌleɪtɪd]

[K.K.:ˈsɪmjəˌletɪd]

adj.

假装的;冒充的

仿造的

模仿的

simulating

[ˈsimjuleitiŋ]

n.

模拟

simulate *

1. simulate simulates simulating simulated
If you simulate an action or a feeling, you pretend that you are doing it or feeling it.

- They rolled about on the Gilligan Road, simulating a bloodthirsty fight.

- He performed a simulated striptease.

VB

2. simulate simulates simulating simulated
If you simulate an object, a substance, or a noise, you produce something that looks or sounds like it.

- The wood had been painted to simulate stone.

- Smoke was used to simulate steam coming from a smashed radiator.

- Cadets are having to use football rattles to simulate gunfire because blank ammunition is too costly.

VB

3. simulate simulates simulating simulated
If you simulate a set of conditions, you create them artificially, for example in order to conduct an experiment.

- The scientist developed one model to simulate a full year of the globe's climate.

- Cars are tested to see how much damage they suffer in simulated crashes.

VB

simulate

verb

pretend

act

affect

feign

put on

sham

simulation

[D.J.:ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən]

[K.K.:ˌsɪmjəˈleʃən]

n.

模仿;模拟

simulation *

simulation simulations
Simulation is the process of simulating something or the result of simulating it.

- Training includes realistic simulation of casualty procedures.

- ...a simulation of the greenhouse effect.

N-VAR

simulator

[D.J.:ˈsɪmjəˌleɪtə]

[K.K.:ˈsɪmjəˌletɚ]

n.

模拟装置,模拟器

simulator

simulator simulators
A simulator is a device which artificially creates the effect of being in conditions of some kind. Simulators are used in training people such as pilots or astronauts.

- ...pilots practising a difficult landing in a flight simulator.

N-COUNT

simulcast

[D.J.:ˈsiməlkɑ:st]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪməlˌkæst, ˈsɪməl-]

n.,v.

(无线电和电视)同时联播

simulcast

1. simulcast simulcasts
A simulcast is a programme which is broadcast at the same time on radio and television, or on more than one channel.

- ...tonight's simulcast of Verdi's Aida.

N-COUNT: oft N of n The form simulcast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb.

2. simulcast simulcasts simulcasting
To simulcast a programme means to broadcast it at the same time on radio and television, or on more than one channel.

- The show will be simulcast on NBC, Fox and a number of cable networks.

VB The form simulcast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb.

simultaneous

[D.J.:ˌsiməlˈteinjəs]

[K.K.:ˌsaɪməlˈteniəs, ˌsɪməl-]

adj.

同时发生的; 同时存在的

simultaneously

[D.J.:saɪməlˈteɪnɪəslɪ]

[K.K.:saɪməlˈtenɪəslɪ]

adv.

同时地

simultaneous **

1. simultaneous
Things which are simultaneous happen or exist at the same time.

- ...the simultaneous release of the book and the album...

- The theatre will provide simultaneous translation in both English and Chinese.

ADJ

2. simultaneously

- The two guns fired almost simultaneously.

- The stage version of `The Butcher Boy' was written simultaneously with the novel.

ADV: ADV with v, ADV with cl/group

simultaneous

adjective

coinciding

at the same time

coincident

concurrent

contemporaneous

synchronous

simultaneously

adverb

at the same time

concurrently

together

sin

[D.J.:sin]

[K.K.:sɪn]

n.

违背宗教[道德原则]的恶行

罪恶, 罪孽

过错, 罪过; 愚蠢的事, 可耻的事

vi.

犯罪; 犯过错

sinner

[D.J.:ˈsɪnə]

[K.K.:ˈsɪnɚ]

n.

罪人

sin **

1. sin sins
Sin or a sin is an action or type of behaviour which is believed to break the laws of God.

- The Vatican's teaching on abortion is clear: it is a sin.

- Was it the sin of pride to have believed too much in themselves?

N-VAR
See also cardinal sin , mortal sin .

2. sin sins sinning sinned
If you sin , you do something that is believed to break the laws of God.

- The Spanish Inquisition charged him with sinning against God and man.

- You have sinned and unless you repent your ways you will surely roast in hell.

VB

3. sinner sinners

- I was shown that I am a sinner, that I needed to repent of my sins.

N-COUNT

4. sin sins
A sin is any action or behaviour that people disapprove of or consider morally wrong.

- ...the sin of arrogant hard-heartedness...

- The ultimate sin was not infidelity, but public mention which led to scandal.

N-COUNT

5. sin
If you say that a man and a woman are living in sin , you mean that they are living together as a couple although they are not married. (OLD-FASHIONED)

- She was living in sin with her boyfriend.

PHR: V inflects
a multitude of sins : see multitude .

sin

noun

1.

wrongdoing

crime

error

evil

guilt

iniquity

misdeed

offence

transgression

verb

2.

transgress

err

fall

go astray

lapse

offend

sinner

noun

wrongdoer

evildoer

malefactor

miscreant

offender

transgressor

sin-bin

sin-bin
In the sports of ice hockey and rugby league, if a player is sent to the sin-bin , they are ordered to leave the playing area for a short period of time because they have done something that is against the rules.
N-SING also sin bin .

since

[D.J.:sins]

[K.K.:sɪns]

prep.

(表示时间)从…以来; 自从…之后

adv.

从过去某时间以来[以后, 到现在]

conj.

自从(过去某事)以来[以后, 到现在]

因为; 既然; 由于

since *****

1. since
You use since when you are mentioning a time or event in the past and indicating that a situation has continued from then until now.

- Jacques Arnold has been a member of parliament since 1987.

- She had a sort of breakdown some years ago, and since then she has been very shy.

- I've been here since the end of June.

PREP

2. since
Also an adverb.

- When we first met, we had a row, and we have rowed frequently ever since.

- They went to Dartmouth College together in the 1960s and have frequently done business together since.

- I returned home to Sussex and have since worked as a solicitor.

ADV: ADV with v

3. since
Also a conjunction.

- I've earned my own living since I was seven, doing all kinds of jobs.

- ...the problems the movie company had had ever since it set up camp on Sketon Island.

CONJ-SUBORD

4. since
You use since to mention a time or event in the past when you are describing an event or situation that has happened after that time.

- The percentage increase in reported crime in England and Wales this year is the highest since the war.

- He turned out to have more battles with the Congress than any president since Andrew Johnson.

PREP

5. since
Also a conjunction.

- So much has changed in the sport since I was a teenager.

- Since I have become a mother, the sound of children's voices has lost its charm.

- ...a slight accent she had acquired since he last saw her.

CONJ-SUBORD

6. since
When you are talking about an event or situation in the past, you use since to indicate that another event happened at some point later in time.

- About six thousand people were arrested, several hundred of whom have since been released.

- His style of leadership has attracted increasing criticism among his supporters, many of whom have since left Central Office.

ADV: ADV with v

7. since
If you say that something has long since happened, you mean that it happened a long time ago.

- Even though her parents have long since died, she still talks about them in the present tense.

PHR: PHR with v

8. since
You use since to introduce reasons or explanations.

- I'm forever on a diet, since I put on weight easily.

- Since she did not make enough money to live in her own house, she went back to live with her mother.

CONJ-SUBORD
= as

sincere

[D.J.:sinˈsiə]

[K.K.:sɪnˈsɪr]

adj.

(指感情或行为)真实的; 诚挚的

(指人)诚实的; 直率的

sincerity

[D.J.:sɪnˈserɪti:]

[K.K.:sɪnˈsɛrɪti]

n.

真实, 诚挚;诚实, 直率

sincere **

1. sincere
If you say that someone is sincere , you approve of them because they really mean the things they say. You can also describe someone's behaviour and beliefs as sincere .

- He's sincere in his views.

- He accepted her apologies as sincere.

- There was such a sincere expression of friendliness on both their faces that it was a joy to see.

ADJ-GRADED approval
= genuine ≠ insincere

2. sincerity

- I was impressed with his deep sincerity.

- The film is made with sincerity.

N-UNCOUNT

sincere

adjective

honest

candid

earnest

frank

genuine

guileless

heartfelt

real

serious

true

unaffected

sincerity

noun

honesty

candour

frankness

genuineness

seriousness

truth

sincerely

[D.J.:sɪnˈsɪəlɪ]

adv.

真心实意地

Yours sincerely

(用于正式信函末尾署名前，在信的开头用了收信人的名字时)你真诚的，敬上，谨启

sincerely *

1. sincerely
If you say or feel something sincerely , you really mean or feel it, and are not pretending.

- `Congratulations,' he said sincerely.

- ...sincerely held religious beliefs...

- `I sincerely hope we shall meet again', he said.

- He sincerely believed he was acting in both women's best interests.

ADV-GRADED: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj
= genuinely

2. sincerely
In Britain, people write ` Yours sincerely ' before their signature at the end of a formal letter when they have addressed it to someone by name. In the United States, people usually write ` Sincerely yours ' or ` Sincerely ' instead.

- Yours sincerely, James Brown.

CONVENTION

sincerely

adverb

honestly

earnestly

genuinely

in earnest

seriously

truly

wholeheartedly

sinecure

[D.J.:ˈsaɪnɪˌkjʊə, ˈsɪnɪ-]

[K.K.:ˈsaɪnɪˌkjʊr, ˈsɪnɪ-]

n.

工作清闲但报酬优厚的职位,挂名的好差事

sinecure

sinecure sinecures
A sinecure is a job for which you receive payment but which does not involve much work or responsibility.

- She found him an exalted sinecure as a Fellow of the Library of Congress.

- ...a lucrative sinecure with a big law firm.

N-COUNT

sinecure

noun

cushy number informal

gravy train slang

money for jam or old rope informal

soft job informal

soft option

sine qua non

sine qua non
A sine qua non is something that is essential if you want to achieve a particular thing. (FORMAL)

- Successful agricultural reform is also a sine qua non of Mexico's modernisation.

N-SING: a N

sinew

[D.J.:ˈsɪnju:]

[K.K.:ˈsɪnju]

n.

腱

肌肉

精力;体力

sinewless

adj.

无腱的

无肌肉的,无精力的,无体力的

sinewless

无腱的;无精力的,无气力的

sinew

sinew sinews
A sinew is a cord in your body that connects a muscle to a bone.

- ...the sinews of the neck.

N-COUNT

sinewy

[D.J.:ˈsɪnju:i:]

[K.K.:ˈsɪnjui]

adj.

(多)肌腱的

肌肉发达的

有力的

sinewy

sinewy
Someone who is sinewy has a lean body with strong muscles.

- A short, sinewy young man.

- When muscles are exercised often and properly, they keep the arms firm and sinewy.

- ...his long sinewy hands.

ADJ-GRADED

sinful

[D.J.:ˈsɪnfəl]

[K.K.:ˈsɪnfəl]

adj.

有罪的, 作孽的

sinful

1. sinful
If you describe someone or something as sinful , you mean that they are wicked or immoral.

- `I am a sinful man, Magda,' he said quietly.

- ...this is a sinful world...

- He reminded us that smoking was sinful.

ADJ-GRADED
= wicked

2. sinfulness

- ...the sinfulness of apartheid.

N-UNCOUNT

sinful

adjective

guilty

bad

corrupt

criminal

erring

immoral

iniquitous

wicked

sing along ****

sing along sings along; singing along; sang along; sung along
If you sing along with a piece of music, you sing it while you are listening to someone else perform it.

- We listen to children's shows on the radio, and Janey can sing along with all the tunes.

- Would-be Elvis Presleys can sing along to `Jailhouse Rock', `Love me Tender' and `Blue Suede Shoes'.

- ...fifteen hundred people all singing along and dancing.

PHR-V
See also singalong .

sing out ****

sing out sings out; sang out; sung out
If someone sings out something, they say it in a loud, cheerful voice.

- `See you,' Geoff sang out.

PHR-V: no cont

singalong

singalong singalongs
A s